ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Recognizing the implication of failure to manage organizational diversity, many organizations endeavor to provide equal job opportunities and career development through upward mobility practices that do not segregate employees based on their demographic and psychographic differences. However, cases of glass ceiling are still common in corporations across the globe. The current research discusses the concept of glass ceiling. It identifies its potential relationship with the overall quality and productivity in the workplace. Although the research findings are backed by qualitative data, they indicate that low overall quality and productivity in organizations that employ high number of minorities and women may be attributed to the glass ceiling effect. Introduction Despite their well-designed policies for managing diversity, organizations continue to experience the glass ceiling effect. Buckalew, Konstantinopoulos, Russell, and El-Sherbini (2012) define glass ceiling as “the unseen, yet unbreachable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper ranks of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements” (p.145). Management literature contends that embracing the concept of effective management of organizational diversity, including ensuring equality and equity, may help to curtail the glass ceiling effect. However, it is not yet known why women and some minorities continue to have a low upward mobility in corporate ladder across the globe, despite the effective deployment of principles of equity and equality in organizations that employ people from diverse backgrounds (Wilson, 2014). This paper focuses on this gap in literature on the glass ceiling effect. The rest of the paper is divided into three main sections. The first section presents the foundational framework, including a statement of research objectives and research framework or methodology. The second section presents a literature review on glass ceiling effect in organizations by referring to the latest peer reviewed journal articles. Section three offers the implication of the research for managers. It also incorporates recommendations for organizations that are experiencing the glass ceiling effect. Research objectives Research objectives specify the purpose of conducting a research. The objective of the current research is to discuss how the glass ceiling may exist in a workplace. It also objects to discuss the significance of glass ceiling on the overall quality of an organization. Research framework Research can be designed to deploy primary or secondary resources. The current research relies on secondary data to discuss the concept of glass ceiling in modern organizations. The search is conducted through online credible libraries. Various scholars prescribe certain characteristics that
Introduction This paper analyzes an article by Rodgers (2013) which shows the effect of recessions on family life. The article is, New Census Numbers Show Recession’s Effect on Families, and appeared on the New York Times, on 27 August 2013. Broadly, this paper analyzes the article by Rodgers (2013) from a racial point of view after connecting it with a study by Qian (2005), which shows the nature of interracial marriages in America. Comprehensively, from the assessments of the works of Qian (2005) and Rodgers (2013), this paper shows that, even though economic conditions have significantly affected family structures, race still plays an important role in understanding the same social structures. However, before divulging the details of this finding, it is important to understand a summary of the works of Rodgers (2013). News Article Summary In his article, Rodgers (2013) explains that the 2007 recession decreased the size of households in America and increased the number of people who live alone. His article also shows that poor economic conditions decreased the number of households with married couples. However, despite the economic effects of the recession on households, Rodgers (2013) explains that the numbers of married couples differ significantly across all the races. In detail, Rodgers (2013) says, about 81% of married couples are Asian, while only 44% of married couples today are black. The author also says 80% of white people (non-Hispanic) have marital relationships (Rodgers, 2013). Only about 62% of the Hispanic population also professes the same relationship. In part, these racial dynamics affect the way families survive in today’s harsh economic times What Families need to do to Survive Traditionally, the society assigned women domestic responsibilities, like homemakers. Comparatively, the society perceived men to be providers. However, since the industrial revolution, these roles have changed. The industrial revolution saw the emergence of women in the workforce (Holmes, 2003). Men retained their roles as providers, but women played a supplementary role in the same regard. Decades after the industrial revolution, women have become more empowered. In this regard, they have shattered the traditional gender perceptions of men as providers and women as homemakers. In fact, it is common to find highly educated and well-paid women today. Rodgers (2013) explains part of the revolution of the family structure when he says economic conditions have significantly affected the structures of modern families. Economic conditions perhaps present the most notable reason that informs why family structures have changed. For example, increased economic needs have made it impossible to rely on the income of one family member. Many families have therefore resorted to involving many family members in supplementing family income. Thi
Strategies Used in the 1990s Kodak’s digital imaging strategy of the 1990s was aimed at a gradual transition from making products for traditional photography to a digital photo market. In 1990, the company launched a Photo CD system focused on storing photos. In the following year, Kodak introduced its first digital camera. In 1994, the company’s CEO stated that the firm was in the business not for photography but for pictures. Kodak introduced many innovative services and devices in the photography market, such as products for image sensors and scanners. When George Fisher became the CEO, he concentrated the company’s activity on pursuing the digital strategy in the market since it was becoming popular in the 1990s. Fisher was a professional manager and a scientist, and he had some experience of successful product development. Fisher wanted to divest those of Kodak’s businesses that were not related to imaging. Simultaneously, he focused on the development of a single digital imaging division that became the core of the company. The following CEOs kept the strategy initiated by Fisher and managed to transform Kodak from a company famous for its traditional photography and related products to a digital photography firm. Strategies Employed in the 2000s In 2001, Kodak launched its own software system called EasyShare, the purpose of which was to provide customers with new features of digital experience. Due to this system, consumers were enabled to take photos and view them on different devices, as well as print them conveniently. By 2005, all Kodak’s cameras were included in the system. The EasyShare software system made Kodak’s products more competitive in the market in comparison with digital cameras and other devices of various rivals. In addition to the photo market, Kodak continued its activities in healthcare, commercial, and other spheres. In the early 2000s, a general strategy of digitalization continued, and Kodak remained the leader in the US market in the production of digital cameras. During the same period, the company was behind Canon and Sony in the global digital camera market. However, Kodak was the leader in the production of megapixel image sensors, which allowed running numerous retail printing kiosks and digital minilabs successfully. Kodak applied various strategies for the consumer and commercial markets. The company benefited from external sourcing of knowledge and experience through making alliances and acquisitions, as well as hiring professionals. In addition to the mentioned strategies, Kodak succeeded in the market because of
Introduction The mastership of artistic thought contemplates the ability to see and perform what others are not able to see and feel. In this simple assumption the fullness of the art can be inscribed into the domain of painting, sculpture, and photographing, in particular. Within contemporary painters or artists in this field of activity Laura McPhee has a significant place. Her snapshots represent the artistic vision of landscape somehow fixed in accordance with the paintings of the eminent painters which worked rather earlier than McPhee. Thus, the paper is dedicated to representing the peculiarities of the photograph works by Laura McPhee in their splendid shaping and vivid representation of main features. Her landscape imagery from the past being implied, as myth, symbol, emblem, and even propaganda, is consistent with McPhee’s photographs. Main Body First of all, when looking at the artistic work by McPhee, one should bear in mind that the author is nationwide and worldwide acknowledged for her works and large and diverse background of experience. Thereupon, the photographer inspires by her attitude toward the details being fixed and their correlation on the photo. In other words, the artist tries to implement in her artistic work the reality, as it is and as it was in times of Matisse, Van Gogh and other outstanding artists of the nineteenth century. Rebecca Solnit vividly describes the mastership of McPhee in terms of the featuring and capability of the artist to catch the right moment, background, and foreshortening in her photographs. Thus, the author of the article “Indivisibility” admits the alleged American manner of execution in the works of McPhee: “This time the camera has pulled back from the mountains to straggly apple trees in the middle ground and sagebrush and rusty wreckage in the foreground” (Solnit 7-8). This particular feature in the works of Laura McPhee impresses the viewer owing to the mastership of the photographer in playing with the background and foreground. This ability of the artist leads to her genuine and original style which she inherited out of the previous epochs in visual art. In this respect one of her books is entitled precisely A Journey into Matisse’s South of France . In this narrative description of her photographs the author intends to reflect the area of Southern France where the eminent painters derived inspiration during plain
Introduction: The Cri de Cœur This is the cri de cœur of a graphic novel. Forget the time when you could marvel at the beauty of a single panel of a graphic novel for a solid half an hour. The 21st-century comic strips have come to replace my delicate complexity with their blatant straightforwardness. They are on-the-nose and entirely one-note, they have the value of Disney straight-to-DVD sequels, yet their existence is somehow warranted. Welcome to the colorful world of selling out, sonny. I’m a graphic novel, and I’ll see you through it. It’s a Dog-Eat-Dog World I have to admit, though, that I should’ve seen it coming. It takes a second to pass a GB of data from one user to another, so why should reading take longer? As a result, comic strips have trickled into every single fandom. Three panels of a bunny on steroids get millions of views per week, for crying out loud. The graphic novels trying to tell a story, in their turn, are tossed aside for a moment of asinine fun. What pisses me off is that so many good artists never consider me as an option. It’s not that they don’t know the difference between a graphic novel and a freaking comic strip – it is just that they realize that they would be better off catering to the general audience. If you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em. What Is Mistaken for a Graphic Novel Go get a magazine or visit any imageboard, and you’ll get a general idea. Instead of complicated stories, you get three panels of childlike scribbles. There’s little to no depth, an absolute lack of original thought, and a zero bite in these strips. They have nothing to offer to the reader, and, as a result, they pander to the lowest common denominator. We’re Different, Goddammit! What really gets on my nerves, though, is that people barely notice the difference between the two and devour happily what they’re offered. O.K., here’s a basic how-to for rookies. Kids, remember: I have a plot, and it usually has five stages – five, not three. Next, characters have arches. This means that they have to change or learn a lesson by the end of the novel or its chapter. What’s more, I have a very distinct and often unique style. Take Frank Miller’s graphic novels, for example; have you ever noticed the careful use of color in them? That’s the kind of attitude that the author of a graphic novel should have. Conclusion: Between the Covers of the Book So, if you’re expecting some food for your brain tortured by the flaws of our education system or state economy, throw that Wonder Bread of mental dissemination as far away as possible and get a real graphic novel with an intense plot and relatable and complex characters to read. The line between the doodles made by a third-grader in between his classes and high-profile artworks tied together with a cohesive narration and introduced by well-developed characters must be finally drawn. I’m a graphic novel, and I’m proud of it.
Introduction Minority isolation is a stark reality in North America. However, its manifestation and magnitude differs tremendously between Canada and the US. While Canada has ethnic enclaves, its housing patterns do not represent the extreme stigmatization and isolation that is prevalent in US ghettos. In fact, research shows that the prevalence of racialized ghettos in Canada is quite questionable as most locations are highly dispersed and racially neutral. Furthermore, economic mobility is possible for those who live in them. Conversely, US ghettos embody extreme stigmatization of minorities. Socialization systems fail their residents and lead to continuous perpetuation of poverty from generation to generation. Therefore, while racial segregation in ghettos is endemic, plagued by poverty and involuntary in the US, Canadian ethnic enclaves are voluntary and heterogeneous in terms of income. Comparison of racial segregation in housing between Canada and the US Polikoff (2006) explains that Ghettoization is very much alive in the US. Segregation in housing has led to the development of racially-defined ghettos which entrap their residents. These ghettos arose as a result of numerous economic and social reasons. First, policies in the US have historically favored white land and home ownership, which has led to segregated housing patterns. In the 1930s, the Federal Housing Act created a policy that provided loans to white home owners. In the subsequent decades, whites could enjoy tax exemptions while non whites could not. Construction firms built cheap and massive houses in the inner cities while a series of whites left for the suburbs. Attempts at integration in the 1960s only perpetuated further zoning as white sub urban communities created their own municipalities. This provided them access to funds meant for all urban residents. Realtors also perpetuated racial discrimination by leasing and renting to certain races. Therefore, black settlers only had cheap housing in which to live. The result was an excluded minority-based residential community. Conversely, racial minorities in Canada, who live in the same residential areas, did not suffer from continued discrimination in housing. Instead, most of them chose to live together for voluntary reasons. They came together in order to communicate and commune with one other. Most ethnic immigrants spoke different languages and adhered to different cultures from the mainstream. They chose to live with persons who shared their background in order to feel comfortable. Therefore, unlike their American counterparts who were forced into the ghetto by discrimination in housing, racial minorities in Canada chose to live in these locations voluntarily. These individuals had the option of leaving those ethnic enclaves if they wanted to because social and economic policies were not stacked against them. In essence, those enclaves are temporary neighborhoods that meet the needs of residents and then prepare them to integrate into the rest of society. Several locations in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal are increasingly heterogeneous. This implies that there is no systematic growth of racial minorit
The idea of Whiteness in Get Out Get Out shatters the myth of America as a post-racist country. Everything frightening, as everything funny, in Get Out comes from the fear that members of the former master race and the former slave race have for each other. Holmes notes that in this movie, the antagonists are not whites who hate blacks for their race. The director shows whites who love blacks and even envy them with scary, dangerous, and insensitive machines. It debunks the notion of an ideal culture of political correctness as if proclaiming that it is racist to treat someone positively just because of their skin color. Get Out at first resembles, and somewhere directly parodies, Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner Stanley Kramer’s not the most outstanding but historically significant film about a girl who introduces her parents to a black groom. It was made exactly 50 years ago – when interracial marriage was a scandal and just stopped being a crime. Nowadays, it seems like a wildness from the past; however, the question still arises: “Has everything got better since then?”. In Kramer’s film, the nuance was that the parents were progressive liberals, but their daughter’s engagement to Sidney Poitier was a shock even for them. Peel corrects for the Obama era and takes the situation to the point of absurdity – Rose’s parents and their friends, elderly rich whites, go out of their way to show their openness. They praise Obama, talk about Jesse Owens and Tiger Woods, use awkward jargon, and almost start rapping. But all this, of course, only proves that the rift that separates the American people has not gone away; a beautiful fence has surrounded it. Peele uses these minor, everyday incidents in Get Out to show how someone accidentally or intentionally makes another feel like an outsider. According to Grant, this creates an ever-increasing sense of hostility. The film’s strength is that it uses terrible moments to convey to the audience the truth about manifestations of racism. Peele’s film appeals both to people who have experienced racism and people who may not always understand that they are committing it. Examples in film, television, or media where whiteness seems to be the default Indeed, in many films, for a black hero to be recognized by the viewer, they need to have some impressive story. In turn, Syed asserts that white characters are interesting for the very fact of their existence. For example, films such as Jezebel (1938), Gone with the Wind (1939), Dixiana (1930), and Mississippi (1935) both mask and expose the capitalist exploitation of Africans. These films portray American labor through images of opulent plantations and dazzlingly wealthy white southern families. In these films, the rigidity of whiteness is maintained by interracial relationships. Whites dominate but are dependent on blacks, to the point where the actions of African-American characters on-screen serve as an expression of the emotions of white cha
Communication skills have become an almost mandatory asset for professionals in various spheres. For instance, effectiveness and efficiency in communication are necessary for any work requiring supervising, coordinating functions and people, or developing products and relations (Mishra & Mishra, 2020). While verbal communication remains important, a significant amount of valuable information stays hidden in non-verbal signs. Even the little details can be crucial for mutual understanding, and non-verbal communication techniques are essential for delivering your message and being understood correctly. Therefore, I try my best to improve my non-verbal communicating skills. For instance, I constantly practice simple things, such as maintaining eye contact and controlling the posture and gestures during the conversation. I also made a habit of paying attention to other people’s body language and looking for steady patterns in their behavior. Communication Skills of the Nurses Nursing personnel of the 21st century has not only conduct routine procedures like administering medications, taking blood samples, or dressing a wound. Nowadays, nurses must consider the socio-cultural and environmental aspects of treatment (Demir & Ercan, 2019). That goal cannot be achieved if a nurse does not possess adequate communicating skills. In addition, nurses have to use communicating skills extensively during education and professional communication with colleagues. Therefore, self-awareness and communicating skills represent an extremely important area of a nurse’s professional competence. According to Demir and Ercan (2019), creative educational methods based on such communicating skills as humor and roleplaying enabled the nurses to understand complicated concepts better. In addition, emotional communicating skills such as trusting people and openness to criticism helped nurses better cope with professional stress (Demir & Ercan, 2019). Overall, I find these skills useful for my practice since nursing remains a stressful profession that requires constant and continuous education.