ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Kroger Company Overview Kroger is the largest chain of grocery stores in United States and by volume, the second major grocery retailer after Wal-Mart. In year 2010, it had over 3,619 stores and over $80.9 billion sales. However, Kroger stands at the edge of encountering unending legal battles. Kroger Company employees have reported that the company discriminates them racially and on gender basis. Recently, a federal court accused a Kroger grocery store for discriminating a black employee in Ohio. Kroger Company also has poor safety precautionary measures that have contributed to multiple accidents in grocery stores. Such is the case with Ivan Spencer v. Kroger Company (2004) where Spencer, a cleaner accused Kroger Company of carelessly placing boxes containing bottles that spilt liquid and made Spencer slip and fall thus succumbing to a spinal injury. More so, the International Labor Organization has reportedly indicated that Kroger offers wages below minimum-wage rate and subjects workers to work overtime with no pay (Cihon & Castagnera, 2010). Laws that Kroger is Likely to Break With the employee discrimination, low wages and improper safety precautionary measures at Kroger Company, Kroger is likely to break laws such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission law that enforces anti-discrimination at Federal level and the 1964 Civil Rights Act that prohibits racial discrimination at the state level. Additionally, the company is likely to break the Fair Labor Standards Act that protects employees against overtime pay and minimum wages at state level, and ‘living wage’ laws at the local level that requires employers to pay employees benefits and wages that can sustain employees within the local economic environment. Blanpain & Ben-Israël (2001) indicate that the federal law has provisions for expected minimal safety standards, overtime rights for workers and minimum wages rights and therefore, Kroger could face legal issues at the Federal level. However, the company risks encountering stringent legal issues because the local and state laws have expansive and strict rights on the same legal issues addressed by the Federal law. Mitigating Legal Actions Through Unions As Farber (2001) indicates, unions seek to protect employee’s rights through labor laws. They ensure that employers uphold employees’ basic rights such as protection against discrimination, proper working conditions and proper wages whilst maintaining the basic rights of employers or organizations. A union ensures that there is salary fairness. For instance, if a union technician gets $20 each hour in California, a union can bargain so that a company can set the wage rate at $30 dollars each hour. In such cases, the union maintains fairness by handling management constrains; ens
Elon Musk is one of the smartest and wealthiest people on the planet. The engineer is considered the genius of the modern world. Musk achieved everything himself through hard work. Despite a difficult childhood, he stubbornly went forward and reached great heights. The primary mission of the Mask is to help humanity and improve all areas of life. His main virtues are his desire to work and create something new, listening to criticism, not being afraid of risks, and achieving great goals other people would not understand. Elon Musk faced many difficulties on the way to his current status, but this did not stop him. He started working at an early age, and at the age of 12, he created his first video game. Currently, the engineer works about 80 hours a week and follows the development of his two companies, which is admirable. Musk believes that working harder than others is the most critical key to success because life is short, and a person must do everything possible for a successful existence (Fernholz 16). He maintains that the ability to work should be so high as to achieve what some take years to complete in months. However, Musk says that not everything depends on performance (Higgins 35). The most important is the organization of hard work to achieve results. Musk works hard and does things that are different from many others. He believes that his competition in the market is less this way, and his constant work pays off better (Higgins 35). The engineer focuses on creating innovative technologies with a small number of these products. Additionally, his ability to work depends on his passion for his work. If a person hates his job, he will never achieve high results and will quickly give up. Elon Musk entered the engineering industry with innovations initially not accepted by society (Musk 57). As a result, he almost went bankrupt but could avoid it through hard work. Thus, he listened to the criticism, understood his risks, and successfully coped with them. Despite earning money from his first projects, Elon Musk wanted more recognition for his technologies. In this regard, he was not afraid to take risks and sell his first companies for the sake of the new SpaceX and Tesla, which subsequently entered the world market. However, Musk’s ideas were initially on the verge of collapse, and he understood his risk when entering the market with new products. His ability to take responsibility even in such difficult moments is admirable. Elon Musk did not give up because of the initial failure of the company and put all his savings into the cause. It was a significant risk, as the entrepreneur did not know if his investment would pay off. However, at the same time, he advises taking on such responsibility at a younger
Sylvia Wen Hsin-Chen and Donna S. Davenport (2005) conducted a study about the changes that have to be applied to the process of cognitive-behavioral therapy for Chinese American patients due to the cultural differences. The authors of the research have done a vast and all-embracing job by incorporating major studies related to the topic. The choice of the literature for the review was predetermined by three key factors, i.e., the need to represent the phenomenon of cognitive-behavioral therapy, the necessity to outline key cultural specifics of the Chinese American patients, and the need to define the key stages of cognitive-behavioral therapy for Chinese Americans. Most of the sources were 5-10 years old at the time that the research came out. The research participants were Justin, a 26-year-old Chinese American, and his therapist. The setting was a university in the Southwest of the USA, where Justin actually started facing issues and where the changes within his behavioral patterns could be observed. Speaking of the setting, though, one must mention that the experiment had to be conducted so that Justin could be affected by the factors that he is usually surrounded with, which meant that not only the college, but also his home should be included into the list of experiment settings. Thus, it can be assumed that the research took place in two settings, one replacing another on a daily basis. To make the matter more complicated, Justin had to undergo daily sessions in the college counseling center. Therefore, there were three key settings created for the research. While the given detail complicated
Qassem is a reformist focused on ridding the alley of the gangsters that terrorize its residents. His decision to open a gym represents the author’s dramatization of man’s quest for freedom by portraying Qassem as Mohammed without the halo of religious myth. He preaches and recruits followers who are determined to facilitate change by playing critical roles in his revolutionary efforts. Qassem takes a different approach from his predecessors, whose actions were ineffective and unpopular. This is an appropriate way for him to achieve his goal because mounting a rebellion against oppressors requires the collective power and will of the people. Qassem asserts that “courage is the most important thing for the people” living in the alley (Mahfouz 316). He believes that the recruits have the presence of mind to empower the alley’s residents to reclaim their place and mold a social and political system that caters to their needs. Work Cited Mahfouz, Naguib. Children of the Alley . Translated by Peter Theroux, Anchor Books, 1959.
Introduction The relationship between the European Union and the United States of America that had extended over six decades plays an immeasurably significant role both for involved countries and international communities across the globe. As a matter of fact, the EU-USA partnership was constructed on the basis of shared values that include freedom, legality, democracy, free enterprise, endeavors to alleviate poverty, and respect for human rights. These values, in combination with the interconnected and interdependent transatlantic economy and the long-lasting collaboration in the sphere of security and defense, create a solid union that may confront multiple global challenges. The United States and the members of the European Union share global responsibilities to provide peace, the stability of global trade, monetary and financial systems, and create appropriate conditions for economic development worldwide. In addition, the EU-USA partnership provides official development assistance to strengthen the developing countries’ economies all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to examine and evaluate EU-USA relations in various spheres of governmental activity. Trade and Investment In the present day, the United States and the European Union have the most integrated interrelation in the sphere of economy and the largest bilateral investment and trade relationship worldwide. The total investment of all involved countries is regarded as the key factor of the development of transatlantic relationships that substantively contributes to business growth and employment “on both sides of the Atlantic” (European Commission, 2019, para. 2). In addition, the investment of the United States in the economy of the European Union is three times higher in comparison with total American investment in Asian countries (European Commission, 2019). In turn, the EU investment for the United States is eight times higher than the Union’s investment in China and India (European Commission, 2019). EU-USA relationships define the general shape of the global economy, as the European Union and the United States are the most essential trade and investment partners for the majority of counties across the globe (European Commission, 2019). The main import and export categories include machinery, pharmaceuticals, medical instruments, aircraft, mineral fuel, vehicles, and electrical machinery. The United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Netherlands, and Belgium are the countries involved in EU-USA trade and investment relationships to a greater extent in
Poe’s short fiction offers a broader range of themes and greater psychological complexity. The uniqueness of his style is that Poe puts readers into the world of fantasy and strong emotions and feelings. Many of his works mixed with murder and suspense depicting the worlds full of cruelty and violence. One of the most unnerving qualities in Poe’s fiction is the construction of tales that feature human mind. His works center upon interior crises where the human mind is under assault. Thesis Fear of premature burial dominates in many Poe’s stories as a reflection of troubles and hardship he experienced all his life. Edgar Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston. When he was only two years old, Edgar lost both his parents, traveling actors. Frances and John Allan were to bring Edgar into their home, although that Frances had to convince her husband to assume guardianship over. The main personal problem of Edgar was that he was never legally adopted by John Allan (Silverman, p. 2). Allan treated his foster child kindly, although real affection came from Allan’s wife. Frances was apparently devoted to Poe during his childhood (Carlson, p. 5). During Poe’s adolescence, John Allan became increasingly impatient and demanding. In England, he attended Manor School at Stoke Newington. Then, the family moved back to Virginia. Poe attended the University of Virginia only one year and was expelled for his gambling. He started his career as a poet and writer in Baltimore in 1930s. From 1831 to 1835 Poe lived in poverty in Baltimore. He tried unsuccessfully to find work as a schoolteacher, an editorial assistant, and for a spell may have even rejoined the army. During these years, he struggled to make a living, occasionally writing poems but never making enough money to secure a decent diet or purchase sufficiently warm clothing (Silverman, pp. 15-17). The theme of fear of premature burial dominates in most of his stories and can be explained as a result of desperation and emotional distress. The Gold Bug , “ The Tell-Tale Heart ” and The Murders in the Rue Morgue etc. depict fear of death and scenes of murder (Silverman, p. 212). In Poe’s stories of revenge, the fear of death helps to undercut the protagonist’s criminal plan. Most of these tales reveal a desire to be caught or at least a need for self-punishment that is as strong or stronger than the urge toward violent crime and the attendant anarchy of its brief personal freedom (Jacobs, p. 43). For instance, in The Tell-Tale Heart and The Black Cat the police arrive and stimulate a desire on the part of the narrator to confess his crime and undergo punishment from the state. In The Masque of the Red Death and The Tell-Tale Heart , clock imagery is associated with the destruction of criminals (Bloom, p. 122). Poe’s characters commit their crimes and almost instantaneously activate some principle of judgment. These tales of homicide often conclude with the understa
Introduction The patients with individual health care coverage plans represent a significant part of California’s overall patient population. The gaps in the current legislation allow insurance carriers to make wrongful rescissions of the patients’ insurance contracts without providing sufficient justification for their decisions. Assembly Bill 2 (AB 2) which was introduced by De La Torre was aimed at restricting the power of the insurance companies for rescinding the individually purchased health care plans but was vetoed by the governor because of its ineffectiveness. Overview of the health problem Though the majority of Americans receive health insurance plans from their employers, individually purchased health plans are an important source of health care coverage for a substantial group of Americans. The categories of the population which cannot be involved in the group insurance plans include early retirees, self-employed people, workers of the organizations which do not offer health insurance to their employees. For example, in 2002, about 6 million Americans purchased private non-group plans (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 203). As opposed to group insurance plans, the individually purchased health care insurance allows determining eligibility and proper pricing of the coverage in every single case, taking into account the current individual’s health condition. For this reason, high-risk individuals are often deprived of an opportunity to receive a privately purchased health care plan. The option of developing an individual health care coverage plan for every single patient can cut both ends and can be recognized as an advantage or disadvantage depending upon the situational context. The Knox-Keene Health Care Service Plan Act of 1975 is the current law that regulates the issues of rescinding the privately purchased health care plans. Under this legislative act, the non-renewal of the individual health care coverage plan can be justified only by the specified circumstances, including nonpayment, fraud, or intentional misrepresentation of health or material facts. Bill AB 2 which was introduced by Assembly member De La Torre in California was aimed at protecting the patients with individual health care coverage by developing standardized review procedures and a legal framework for defining whether rescinding of particular insurance plans would be appropriate. The problem with the current regulations concerning the legal procedures for rescinding the privately purchased insurance plans and the appropriateness of the suggested improvements caused the prolonged debates of the bill which finally was vetoed by the Governor on October 11, 2009. The severity of the health problem The lack of access to affordable insurance plans is a severe problem for California where the percentage of the uninsured population is greater and the percentage of employer-sponsored pat
Summary of the purpose of the experiment This experiment focused on determining the impact of the use of Facebook on attitudes, self-esteem, social adjustments, and performance of the undergraduate college students. The researchers were interested in investigating the relevance of Facebook to college students. The research sampled students in various levels of college (Kalpidou, Costin & Morris, 2011). Hypotheses used in the experiment The researchers used a number of hypotheses based on their review of literatures. The following are the hypotheses that were used in this study.   * H1a: There is a negative relationship between Facebook variables, self-esteem, and emotional adjustment to college.   * H1b: There is a positive relationship between Facebook variables and social adjustment to college.   * H1c: Facebook variables will predict different types of adjustment in each group.   * H2: First-year and upper class students differ in Facebook use and attitudes. Operational definitions In this study, social adjustment is defined as the ability to understand and be tolerant of the diversity within the social environment. On the other hand, self-esteem is defined as the perception that one has towards self. Independent and the dependent variables In this research, the independent variable was the use of Facebook. The dependent variables in this experiment were students’ self-esteem, their attitude, social adjustments, and their academic performance. Summary of the results This research determined that Facebook had a positive impact on the social adjustment on the senior students. First year students benefited more from Facebook in terms of building self-esteem and changing their attitudes on various social issues. However, it was observed that it had negative impacts on the performance of the students irrespective of their year of study. Proposal of a variation of the experiment If this experiment were to be done today, I would propose a change in the approach of data analysis. I would propose that the research should use mix method of data analysis. Reference Kalpidou, M., Costin, D. & Morris, J. (2011). The relationship between Facebook and the well-being of undergraduate college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and and Social Networking, 14 (4), 183-189.
Introduction In the history of art, one of the greatest sources of inspiration has been traditionally found in the figure of a woman. Reflecting the infinite range of female characteristics — beauty, grace, charm, mysteriousness, playfulness, placidity, and many others — the image of woman has been a central topic for artists, poets, sculptures, and musicians. Among all the feminine roles, the aspect of maternity appears one of the most significant, as it reflects the ultimate destination of a woman’s existence and allows revealing the widest range of emotions and characteristics inherent in women. The perfect instances of motherhood embodiment in the art are Michelangelo’s marble sculpture La Pietà dating back to 1499 and Dorothea Lange’s photograph Migrant Mother taken almost two and a half centuries later, in 1936. Together with possessing individual peculiarities rooted in the period and social conditions of their creation, both works of art demonstrate a striking semblance in the coincidence of their main message, that of the woman’s unconquerable strength in face of great misfortunes. Description of La Pietà La Pietà initially impresses by its life-size magnificence; created by young Michelangelo to order of the French Cardinal of San Dionigi, the sculpture group images the figure of the Virgin Mary holding in her lap the breathless body of her son Jesus Christ shortly after the Deposition from the Cross (Buonarotti). Mary’s body is fully draped in a cloak, the soft wavy folds of which are artfully crafted by the sculpture’s chisel and as if supporting the deceased Christ. The mass of the marble sculpture appears to be shifted to the left, where Christ’s body is located; but the seemingly broken symmetry of the sculpture is restored by the semantic accent placed to the right of the sculpture: Mary raises her left palm as if inquiring the heaven what she is to do in face of her grief. Michelangelo undoubtedly succeeds in imparting a special authenticity to the sculpture: the spectator can nearly feel the fineness of the bodies’ skin and the pulse that stopped in Christ’s veins. Description of Migrant Mother Lange’s Migrant Mother appeared by the decree of providence: the iconic black-and-white photograph was taken incidentally and portrays the moment when Florence Thompson sought shelter in a temporary pea picker’s camp on the roadside (Lange). Mother of seven children, Thompson is depicted among two of them, standing to both sides of her with their faces turned away from the camera; an infant lies in her lap, secured and protected by mother’s embrace. Located in the center of the classic