ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the modern world and contemporary economic conditions, international business is a matter of course. It is normal and acceptable to invest abroad. Nevertheless, a couple of decades ago it was something unexplored. In respect of doing business internationally, a case of Grupo Financiero Inverlat is of interest. It reveals the history of a Mexican bank being managed by Canadian specialists (from Bank of Nova Scotia) after investing in it and finally buying 54 percent share. Managers from Canada had a couple of challenges to face. The bank they came to required changes. “…the years of stagnation under nationalization had created a bank that had failed to create a new generation of bankers to reflect the changing times,” states the Case Study (Rowe, Guerrero, 426). Thus, restructuring and staff changes were inevitable. If I were in the upper management team of BNS, I would do the following. Firstly, I would carefully study the history of the company where I am going to work. It is necessary to know the background of the business you are entering. When restructuring is coming, staff reduction is one of the matters that scare workers. As a manager, I would try to avoid mass dismissals, at least within the first year of changes. I find it crucial to give people an opportunity to work under new management and show their abilities in the modified conditions. Secondly, an essential moment in the life of a manager in a foreign country is hard work, and it is necessary to be well-prepared for every meeting. It presupposes the knowledge of business peculiarities of the country, understanding local laws, and ethics. When a manager is open to communication, is ready to listen and learn, his or her chances to succeed in new conditions are apparently higher. PNC, being one of the oldest banks in the USA, serves millions of customers across 19 states. Of course, expanding banking business to new territories is a matter to be studied and thought over. Going to Harris County, Texas, may be a smart step leading to success. It is the biggest county in Texas, and it appears to be the third-most populated county in America. The important factor for business development here is the growing population. Thus, census of the year 2000 showed 3,400,578 people, this of 2010 – 4,092,459, and according to estimates of the year 2015, the population is about 4,538,028 (Harris County Profile, par.2). Growing population leads to a growing need in different kinds of service. Consequently, development of various services demands good investment, and a reliable bank is to provide it. Doing business is always a challenging and risky way to go, and when it comes to international business, challenges and risks can be multiplied by ten. A manager needs to follow some rules to succeed in a foreign country
The book explains different ways of achieving excellence at the workplace. Lundin (2000) points out four principles that should be employed by an organization as a way of energizing the workplace and also increasing customer and employee satisfaction. The four principles identified by the author are play, attitude, interacting with customers and good relationships among employees, customers and other workers. In terms of attitude, the author notes that all the employees of an organization should be able to comprehend the kind of attitude they bring at the workplace on a daily basis. The type of employee attitude may affect an organization either positively or negatively. This means that if employees portray a negative attitude at the place of work, there is a very high chance that the organization will be affected negatively. On the other hand, employees with positive attitude are likely to accelerate the performance and growth of an organization. In nursing, this concept can be applied by nurses in different areas which require high levels of concentration. This is due to the fact that nurses are required to make very accurate decisions when attending patients. Since nurses undertake their duties using highly complex equipments, a negative attitude may drive them to make errors when using such equipment. This might greatly affect the recovery process of patients bearing in mind that improper diagnosis may lead to poor prescription of drugs and eventual loss of life of a patient (Lundin, 2000). Employees can also realize an energized workplace by introducing interactive sessions such as team building exercise and retreats. In some cases, certain play activities among employees might be boring or tedious. Under such circumstances, employees are expected to come up with other innovative ways of reducing boredom in such activities. For instance, employees should seek suggestions from all members within an organization in order to introduce an appropriate play activity that appears to be interesting to all the members across the board. In nursing, play is not merely beneficial to the nursing fraternity. It also provides significant benefits to patients who are eventually given full and dedicated attention by the nurses. Involving patients in play activities also affects them positively. Play can make patients to forget certain painful experiences that occasioned their sicknesses. Play activities also assist patients to accept their present health realities and forge towards the process of recovery. Since nurses are busy for most of the time, play serves as an important way of relaxing both body and mind (Lundin, 2000). The third concept requires employees to make sure that all their customers are provided with quality time. This can be easily achieved by involving customers in enjoying activities like playing. When the latter is achieved, customers are able to see themselves as part of the organization. This helps in building an energized workplace and also improves the performance of an organization (Lundin, 2000). Employees are also expected to show their willingness to work by readily availing themse
Introduction The total contract price is the cumulative cost of completing a project. The total cost comprises the total compensation of the project cost and all the quoted amount in the proposal for the services rendered to the client. The total contract price includes all the professional fees and any other extra charges incurred during service delivery, including taxes. 1 The concept of the total contract price is applied to understand the value of a contract and revenue expectation from an executed project or services rendered. The onboarding fee, consultation fee, and any other charge incurred throughout project execution are included while calculating the total revenue. The total contract price is calculated based on the procurement methods, whether re-measurable, lump-sum price, cost plus, guaranteed maximum price, or target cost. However, adjusting the price in the contracts under English common law, UAE law, and FIDIC forms of warranty is possible. Contract Procurement Methods Procurement has been a norm in day-to-day lives while acquiring services and commodities. Different contact procurement methods are applied to ensure the applied manner is efficient and cost-efficient to reduce time wastage at the compensation stage. The favorable procurement method will be selected based on the requirements of the contractors and the arrangements done at the planning stage of the contract. 2 Before deciding on the best procurement method, the constructor should understand the needs of the client and the total cost of the project. Some important considerations while choosing the most appropriate procurement method include speed, the quality expected, project constraints, the risk associated with the project, financing, and construction materials. Through such consideration, the constructor will have the best strategy of compensation to accomplish the task. Remeasurement Contract In this type of contract method, the measurement is done alongside the stipulated rates—professional measures to get the value of the total project. The removal contract does not have a lump sum agreement, but there is an agreed basis used to arrive at the project’s total value. The professional analysis is expected to look back at the quantity and quality of work done and develop an analysis of the full compensation. The method applies in situations where the project details are available, but the project’s cost cannot be discussed in detail. 3 An example of a work that can be valued using the remeasurement method in excavation services. It might not be easy to predetermine the number of excavation services until the job is initiated. After the project is completed, the contractor will be better positioned to determine the quantity of the excavation services and determine the value of the services. At this stage, the remeasurement is done to assess the value of the services rendered to the client. The remeasurement type of contract is primarily used in the construction industry. Large construction companies used
Introduction Throughout the annals of time there have been men that have quite literally steered the course of human history, their impact, influence and subsequent contributions to the shaping of mankind have helped bring about the current society that people now enjoy today; one such man who has forever left an indelible mark in humanity’s collective past is Julius Caesar. General, statesman and politician; Caesar in his lifetime accumulate a plethora of important titles however he is best known today as the instigator of change within Rome wherein the Roman Republic became the Roman Empire. While various historians and critics may disparage Caesar over the change he wrought over a previously democratic society into a sudden dictatorship the fact remains that it was through his actions that Rome was not only able to expand territorially but economically as well. What must be understood is that all of Caesar’s actions in one way or another can be set under a particular structural behavioral model which focuses on Caesar’s inherent desire for power and control. His actions such as beginning the Roman civil war, creating the Roman Empire and increasingly placing his own people into important bureaucratic positions all fit the standard actions of most dictatorial rulers whose desire for power is only eclipsed by their desire to maintain control over the system that they currently preside over. In fact a comparison between the actions of Julius Caesar and former Filipino dictator Ferdinand Marcos show distinct similarities wherein both attempted to control their respective systems through the placement of controlled individuals within government positions, instigating change within the system of government and finally implementing strict control over both the government and the population. Explaining Caesar’s actions from divorcing his wife, forming a political alliance with Pompey and Crassus to further solidifying his power through significant political control can actually be traced back to his humble origins which fermented his desire for power and created the necessary impetus to begin his desire for a dictatorship. Examining the Origins of Caesar’s Desire for Power An examination of Caesar’s early life reveals that he was born into the “gens Julia”, a relatively minor patrician family who claim decent from the Trojan prince Aeneas. Despite their ancestry Caesar’s family had relatively minor political clout or wealth and such throughout much of his early life Caesar had to work his way up from relatively minor political positions all the way to his appoint has the new high priest of Jupiter, a position he was able to obtain only through his marriage to the daughter of Lucius Cinna. It must be noted that throughout Caesar’s early childhood (91 B.C. to 82 BC) Rome was undergoing significant turmoil due to the actions of the Roman dict
Eggs are considered to be important elements of the dining table around the world. The pros and cons of continuing with diets rich in proteins and cholesterol continue to be debated in many seminars and conferences. Recent years have in particular led to intense discussions on topics related to the role of unsaturated fatty acids in human health and development. While arguing the positive aspects, such discussions often debated the cause of effect of diets on ailments like hypertension, arthritis, autoimmune disorders, inhibition of certain cancers, and the necessity for fatal brain and visual development. But, so far nobody seems to have concluded. While analyzing the cost-benefit of eggs, Schmier et al. (2009) found out in one study that not taking eggs in diets tends to increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), which in turn might lead to higher healthcare costs. Ensuring the quality of the egg is very crucial for ascertaining that the individual gets desired benefits from the diet. The very basic idea about the quality of an egg comes from taking a physical look at it. But, an intact egg is one food that does not offer any obvious clues regarding its quality or suitability for consumption. Candling is a method used to make a visual assessment of quality, but accuracy is increased by the measurement of various quality indices of the opened egg. Eggs have very valuable functional properties that make them suitable in the production of a wide variety of products. Eggs can be utilized in food products for emulsification, foaming, and coagulation purposes. These functional properties are closely linked to the protein components of the various parts of the egg. Ruxton et al (2010) contend that eggs can make a significant contribution to a healthy diet. In this experiment key properties of eggs have been measured with the help of different measurement techniques like candling, shell quality, and Haugh Index. The functionality of various components of the egg has also been tested. Measurement of Egg Quality Test-A: Observation Fresh egg 1  Fresh egg 2  Stale egg 1                      Stale egg 2                     No cracks    No cracks    No cracks                        No cracks                       NO mottling  NO mottling  few spots of mottling were seen  few spots of mottling were seen  The physical observation certainly helps in distinguishing good ones and not-so good ones’. In this case while examining two eggs from fresh and stale categories, it was ensured that none of the eggs had cracks on them. But, the fresh ones were physically distinguishable from stale ones in colouring pattern on the surface. While the fresh eggs had no mottling on the surface, the stale ones had few spots of mottling on the surface. In fact this proves to be important criteria in making the dist
At the current stage of implementing technologies and training employees, the main task is to plan and realize an effective training project. The 2-day training project is off-site, and this session is necessary to start the execution phase successfully. In spite of the fact that there are challenges associated with the project, it is important to organize the off-site training session for employees. The challenges are possibilities to exceed the budget and planned time, waste resources, and do not address expectations and objectives. The project is expected to have positive outcomes if managers focus on analyzing and reporting unplanned changes, evaluating the project quality, handling change control issues, and communicating the results effectively. Unplanned Changes To meet the expectations and to achieve the set goals, it is necessary to analyze and report unplanned changes at the project phases to receive the opportunity to prepare the further phase effectively. The algorithm of analyzing and reporting the unplanned changes includes (1) the necessity to face an issue or a change; (2) evaluation of its impact on the following stages; (3) report to the management team on the change and variants to solve the issue; (4) revision of the plan if the issue affects the next stages of the project (Martin, 2006, p. 112). Reports should be provided in a written form with a detailed description of the changes and variants to address the problem. Much attention should be paid to addressing the issues connected with a budget, time, and resources. Project Quality To control the project realization and to receive information about the project’s effectiveness, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of the project on a regular basis. The factors to examine include the adherence of the project to the planned timeline, budget, and resources, employees’ competence and skills, and employees’ readiness to enter the further stage (Marchewka, 2012, p. 151). Referring to the fact that the training session lasts only two days, the quality of the project will be assessed after the first day of the session, and the final evaluation is expected after the second day of the training session. At this stage, performance is the main criterion to evaluate the project. Change Control Issues The effectiveness of the project depends on handling change control problems because they affect the whole quality of the large scale project. The training session is only one stage of the project that is why to handle all the change control issues; it is necessary to focus on immediate reporting, analysis of the causes and outcomes, analysis of the associated factors, and discussion of the variants to resolve the question (Marchewka, 2012, p. 114). It is im
The fact that the Covid-19 pandemic has altered the habitual lifestyle and affected a variety of fields is undeniable. Even though the new coronavirus infection was revealed more than a year ago, it is still continuing to shape modern reality. Its impact spread on eating habits and changed food culture specialties to some extent. For instance, in China, the “dining table revolution” happened, as people could not adhere to the tradition of using chopsticks and sharing food due to the risk of coronavirus spreading (Qin, 2020, para. 5). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to look into this topic, review the recent article in this regard, outline the internal and external causes of these changes, and present own conclusions. Article Summary The article Coronavirus Threatens China’s Devotion to Chopsticks and Sharing Food , written by Amy Qin and published in The New York Times, is helpful for providing an in-depth insight into this issue. At the beginning of the text, the author describes the tradition of sharing food in China and its significance for the residents. Amy Qin highlights that it implies a way of showing love and caring for the nearest and dearest people. She states, “Parents pick up choice morsels and place them in their children’s bowls as an expression of love; children serve their grandparents to show their respect; and bosses do it as a gesture of magnanimity toward their employees” (Qin, 2020, para. 2). Therefore, it is evident that this habit appears to be ubiquitous among Chinese. However, the government is worried about the safety of this tradition in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The problem implies the fact that the Chinese frequently stick to eating from communal plates. In addition, they use the same pair of chopsticks to eat from them and serve others (Qin, 2020). Double tipping increases the risk of spreading Covid-19 infection among the broad public (Qin, 2020). For this reason, the government recommends applying the second pair of chopsticks only for serving. This event is called the ‘dining table revolution’, which is supported by a number of state news agencies and infectious disease experts. A slogan, which is presented across the entire country: “the distance between you and civilized dining is just one pair of serving chopsticks” (Qin, 2020, para. 5). This tendency is also supported by restaurants: they offer special discounts for the ones with the second pair of chopsticks. However, the resistance among the population appears to be significant. Qin describes real cases, demonstrating the unwillingness of the Chinese to follow the advice. People perceive it as a way of showing their attitude to a person (Qin, 2020). Moreover, the author mentions: “wheat-eating northerners, and particularly the men, take pride in what Chinese call “eating big and drinking big
Abstract There has been an argument on the issue of commercialization of organ transplants by individuals who are willing. A section of the society holds that this is not ethically right, while others say that this commercialization is ethical as long as an individual gives the consent to it. This research focused on the view of the society and professionals in this field, and it has concluded that it is ethical to commercialize organ transplant as a way of helping those suffering from defective organs. Using the normative theory of Welfarism, this conclusion is focused on finding the best way of improving the welfare of the society. Patients have negative impact on the society. If this move will help reduce their numbers without hurting anyone, then the move should be considered as appropriate. Arguments for and Against the Commercialization of Transplants The issue of commercialization of organ transplant has raised a lot of ethical concerns in the recent past. The controversy that has been raised is on whether or not it is ethically right for this operation to be commercialized. One may decide to donate or sell his or her organs when alive or upon his or her death. Those who support this commercialization argue that when one dies, it would be ethical to take his or her organs and use it on another individual who needs them. According to Smith (2009), there are many patients who have died because of weak heart, ineffective lungs or kidneys and other sensitive body organs. Patients who suffer from defective organs are always at risk of dying if measures are not taken to offer them adequate treatment. On the other hand, some people die of causes such as accidents or other illnesses. It is ethical to have a program where those who die can donate their organs to people who are suffering from defective organs. However, a section of the society has considered this move to be morally unethical. They argue that this would encourage unnatural deaths among the people who have committed themselves to donate their sensitive body organs. Others also argue that it would be inappropriate to extract these organs and transplant them to other people while the dead is not able to accept or reject such a move. They insist that one should donate organs such as kidney when they are still alive, and not when they die. The Sale of Organs Should be Permitted The sale of organs should be permitted as long as one is not coerced into the deal. The permission should be subject to specific conditions to ensure that ethics is highly maintained in the entire process. As Honneth (2004) says, an individual should always have the final say on whether or not his or her organ can be extracted upon his or her death. There are people who believe that it is appropriate to extract the sensitive organs from them once they die, and donate it to those in need of it. However, others have a different opinion. Others feel that being buried without