ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The article Ethical Consumerism Is Not Dead, It Just Needs Better Marketing by Julie Irwin explains how consumers can change the world through ethical purchasing habits. He explains that people should not stop promoting ethical consumerism because this field has not been explored properly (Irwin 121). Irwin believes that ethical consumerism is a deliberate action by consumers to change the world by contributing money to worthy courses. He argues that people have not refused to buy products that promote the corporate social responsibility programs of companies. However, the poor marketing strategies employed by companies make ethical consumerism a novel practice (Irwin 126). He argues that marketers have not explored this field adequately, and that is why there is a poor response from consumers. Therefore, he argues that marketers should nudge consumers to promote ethical consumerism. Relationships between the Article and Class Topic Ethics are important in business because they shape the customers’ perception and attitude towards a company. This article reflects the concepts of corporate social responsibility, business ethics, and consumer behavior discussed in class. In addition, it explores marketing strategies that modern investors use to promote the popularity of their businesses and make profits (Irwin 122). The class topics studied the impacts of business ethics on the success of a company and how it can be shaped to attract and retain customers. This article reflects various approaches used by marketers to attract consumers and ensure they help companies to achieve their corporate social responsibility objectives. Article Relevance Julie Irwin’s article is important, especially in today’s world where companies struggle to compete and win the hearts of consumers. The author explains various views held by different people regarding the success and failure of ethical consumerism. Readers get insights into the factors that influence consumer decisions. Irwin believes that most people are hopeless about the success and future of ethical consumerism. The article helps readers and students pursuing business courses to understand that ethical consumerism is a noble course, but the poor marketing strategies used to promote it are responsible for its unpopularity (Irwin 124). Irwin makes comparisons between the buying behavior of consumers and marketing strategies and their impacts on ethical consumerism. Readers understand how consumers ignore their responsibilities of promoting ethical consumerism because nobody is there to influence their buying behavior. In addition, it is evident that marketers do not nudge consumers to promote ethical consumerism and the latter have little or no interest in doing so if nobody influences them. Lastly, the article gives hope to readers and explains that the absence of robust ethical consumerism behavior does not mean that this practice is dead (Irwin 127). Therefore, marketers should invest in research and identify effecti
Introduction Reading any story, novel, or play involves picking out the most sympathetic character. Sometimes it is not easy to determine which of the characters deserves to be called “sympathetic”, especially after looking through Deanna Carlyle’s list of sympathetic character traits. Most readers consider sympathetic those characters who suffer a lot and who they feel compassion for. However, Deanna Carlyle points out that a sympathetic character is the one “who picks herself up quickly and takes action when she’ down, rather than wallowing in the emotional mire for chapters on end” (Carlyle), which makes sympathetic those characters who can overcome their problems without sparing themselves. Main body The play “Night, Mother” by Marsha Norman does not abound with characters, Jessie and her mother, Thelma, being two central and almost the only ones. Jessie is the most sympathetic character of the play since she has been born unhappy, has lived a miserable life, and suffered several injustices throughout it. To begin with, that Jessie was destined to be unhappy since she had an inborn disease, epilepsy. People born with this disease differ from the others significantly for they cannot be full-fledged members of society. Jessie, just like other people with epilepsy, could not get a driving license and, therefore, drive a car, because epileptic seizures occur suddenly and may lead to car accidents. Moreover, her disease did not let her find a job since each employer wishes to have only healthy personnel. Jessie was forced to always stay in her mother’s house being a prisoner of it. She can be treated as “a character who is an underdog” (Carlyle) for society denied her and placed her in a position of inferiority. Unlike her mother, who also deserves some sympathy due to her husband’s death and her daughter’s intention to kill herself, Jessie’s life is more intolerable because of her disease. Thus, Jessie can be considered the most sympathetic character of the play since she was an outsider and a person with disabilities unable to live her life to its full extent; however, her disease is not the only factor to be taken into account. What else should be mentioned is that Jessie did not have any luck in creating a loving family each woman desires to have. She had a husband and a son but she has never been happy with them. Her husband did not seem to have loved her ever, “I never was what he wanted to see, so it was better when he wasn’t looking at me all the time” (Norman 41). This fact, perhaps, arouses more compassion than her disease because there is nothing more terrible for a woman than a husband who does not love and value her, a husband who makes her realize her lack of beauty and attractiveness. Thelma was also unhappy with her husband, Jessie’s father, since she never loved him,” Mama: All right. Ask me whatever you want. Here. Jessie: Did you love Daddy? Mama: No” (Norman31), but they still were together till his death, whereas Jessie had to bring up her son alone. What’s more, Jessie did not succeed in bringing up her son as a decent person for he grew into a troublesome delinquent drug addict. Unhappy experience with raising a child c
Introduction Organ transplantation is a surgical practice in which a functional organ is implanted to substitute a damaged one (W.H.O, 2012). The vital organs that can be transplanted include the heart, livers, kidneys and lungs. The existence of diabetes, lupus and polycystic kidney illness may necessitate the need for kidney transplantation. Cirrhosis may necessitate the need for liver transplantation. Heart transplantation may be done due to coronary vein illnesses or heart malfunction. Finally, cystic fibrosis may make doctors recommend lung transplantation surgery. Health professionals can also transplant bones, the skin and other tissues and tendons. The practice developed in the early 20th century and has undergone significant transformations. Notably, organ transplantation has saved many lives over the years. Patients may undergo organ transplantation due to a number of reasons. The main causes for the need for organ transplantation are birth defects, trauma and disease. Transplants are done after other procedures of medical intervention have proved to be inefficient. Usually, medical practitioners recommend organ transplantation only when it is essential (W.H.O, 2012). It involves complicated procedures, lengthy recovery periods and lifestyle changes. Many countries store data of all individuals in the country who have to undergo organ transplantation procedures. This is done to ease the identification of matches. Patients are normally ranked. Nevertheless, the time that one has spent waiting for a match is not given priority since another person may need an organ urgently. Health professionals obtain organs for transplantation purposes from two sources namely living donors and corpses. However, corpses are the prime sources of transplant organs. People can offer their liver, kidney, bone marrow and so on to other individuals, mainly their family members, to save their lives. Recipients of organs must take certain drugs to contain their immune system before organ transplantation procedures. This is vital since the risk of rejection of organs must be avoided or reduced. In addition, doctors conduct various medical tests to examine the chances of success. Certain infections, alcohol abuse, heart diseases and certain health problems can adversely affect the outcome of organ transplantation surgeries (Ben-David, 2005). Tissue and blood tests must also be performed before organ transplantation. This reduces the possibility of rejection of implanted organs. The recovery period after an organ-transplantation procedure varies from one person to another. A patient can stay for a few weeks in a hospital after a transplantation procedure while another patient may take months to recover. Furthermore, doctors may retain a patient in a hospital for a long time to monitor th
Abstract The current political situation in Ukraine laves much to be desired. Because of the changes made to the state on a range of levels, including the political, the economic and the sociocultural one, Ukraine is currently facing a major crisis. Though a range of media attempt at portraying the situation as objectively as possible, emotional responses towards the political strain and the cultural issues leap through the cracks quite a few times. The specified phenomenon may be related not as much to the necessity to convince the audience to interpret the situation specified above from a certain viewpoint, but the necessity to introduce the problem based on a certain theoretical framework. Seeing that the conflict in question incorporates the cultural issues together with the political and economic ones, the theories of nationalism and liberalism pertain among the methods of analyzing the Ukrainian crisis, which defines the emotional fuelling of the sources in question, yet reduces their credibility to a considerable extent. Introduction Though the events that have led to the current problems in Ukraine occurred at an incredibly fast pace, the premises for the conflict have been brewing for quite long and were predetermined by both the differences in the economic principles that the Western and the Eastern parts of Ukraine were governed by, as well as the cultural specifics of the two ethnicities. The course for the European integration, which was supported largely by the residents of the Western part of Ukraine, was postponed by Victor Yanukovich, who was the Ukrainian president at the time. The following wave of civil unrests on Maidan Nezalezhnosti was threatening to grow out of proportions and required immediate actions to be taken. Instead of providing people with the agreement for the European integration, Yanukovich attempted to silence people with the help of military forces, yet with little effect. Forcing the president to retreat, the protesters installed a new government, which triggered a discord with the Eastern citizens. The latter announced the creation of Donets People’s Republic, yet the latter has not b
Statement of personal interest When I was a child I used to play a lot in my neighborhood with my friends. Sometimes, I could be injured when playing or a friend would be injured. When such an accident occurred, we would be helpless and would rely upon other people for first aid and treatment. This always hurt me and I started learning a few ways of treating wounds. The children in the neighborhood nicknamed me “Nurse”. I became popular in the locality for providing first aid to children and I bought a first-aid kit with my savings at the age of thirteen. From a tender age, I developed an interest in providing first aid to people for minor accidents. I became very happy when I saw a patient recover from accidents like a cut on the finger and a bicycle fall. Public health refers to the science and practice of offering protection and ensuring that a community has an improved health. This is achieved by issuing preventive medicine and controlling communicable diseases (Perrin 56). Other measures include providing sanitary measures and health education to the public. Being a physician has been my greatest goal in life. Having studied a lot and carried out research on public health, I have understood the importance of a community being healthy. I have attended numerous workshops, seminars and community service programs. An example of such programs is the community service hosted by Jesse Tree. Such programs have sharpened my skills on offering public health as well given me a chance to interact with patients suffering from different illnesses. This cemented my interest in learning more about public health. I possess many skills which would enable me offer health services to th
Different people have their own preferences and different reasons on whether to have pets such as dogs or cats. First, there are not many games that can be played with cats. Many cats enjoy playing with string toys and small cat ball toys in the same way that people do. One can decide to play alone as well as with others (Menchetti et al., 2020). Dogs love to play and often become interactive games that one play with them. If the dog is on good terms with other dogs, one can even arrange a “play date” for another puppy. However, always ensure that both dogs are healthy and close. This paper therefore discusses some of the reasons why dogs are superior to cats. Most cats are generally sensitive to their environment and do not like changes. Many dogs are more tolerant of change, especially if their owners pretend, they pay little or no attention. In general, introducing a new person, pet, or item to one’s place or relocating to a new home requires more time for the cat to get used to the new environment (Stregowski, 2021). Most owners do not automatically believe that everything is fine. Most of the dogs are modeled after their owners. If the dog is calm and gathering when new babies come through the door, so should the cat. Of course, there are some that refuse to accept strangers. Dogs are more active than cats, which is one of the reasons they are so popular. Dogs can be taught actions, manners, tricks, and commands. This can be done for safety and protection, simple pleasure, as well as obedience. According to Albuquerque & Soares (2019), dogs love training as they have a mission, and they love to be part of a pack. Cats can be educated, but when they are bored, they can knock their treats out of their hands and run away. In addition, dogs protect people’s home from thieves and strangers, while cats do not. They are shy and tend to run away when strangers visit. Even the smallest dogs with their loud barking are enough to lure some burglars into intruding other people’s homes (Large, 2018). Many dogs can even wake someone up when there is a fire outbreak, which cats cannot. Dogs are lifelong companions; they will want to be with someone until their last day. Some of the bonds with dogs are beautiful; they are friends you can have for a very long time. A person who listens to the other, hugs them and remains loyal to them throughout their life (Albuquerque & Soares, 2019). Moreover, a dog is a very affectionate pet, unlike a cat. A dog will lie or sit next to its owner while doing other things. It is thrilled to see them because it gets excited when the owner comes home, even if the owner was away for 20 minutes (Menchetti et al., 2020). This kind of affection is not as strong as a cats usually show, as they would not care if someone is away the whole day. Lastly, it is essential to take one’s dog for a walk to do its daily work and exercise. But one may not know that caring for their dog helps to take care of oneself. According to one study, older dog owners travel nearly a mile each day (Am
Introduction The disabled poem was written in 1917 and it was an expression of feelings and thoughts of a young soldier who left for World War when he was nineteen years old only. After coming from the war, the young soldier felt disappointed by the reaction from the people. He seems to have thought that the people would appreciate him as a hero because he had gone to war but now they just appear to look at him with pity because he came back disabled from the war. This paper will look at the disabilities of the young man and those of the society at large. Body The young soldier is portrayed as being bitter towards the army Generals “Smiling they wrote his lie: aged nineteen years” (S3 l8). The young soldier in the poem felt that the army personnel and the society at large were aware of the potential dangers that he could face in the war but they still encouraged him to enter the army so that he could supposedly serve his country. The soldier did not have to beg the army personnel so that he could join were already in need of many soldier
Introduction China is the world’s most populous country, which has about one-fifth of the world’s population. Since the early 1950s, total life expectancy in China has grown more than 2 times. However, some global processes, such as globalization, urbanization, and cultural interaction, have led to the popularization of the Western lifestyle in China. This circumstance, along with bad habits, which are widespread in this country, has resulted in an alarming situation. Nowadays, China is facing health problems, which are the same as in higher-income countries, such as the UK and the USA. That is why it is essential to analyze the prevalent lifestyle choices and diseases in China, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, and diseases caused by smoking. Causes of Diabetes (Types 1 and 2) Type 1 diabetes is commonly characterized by deficient insulin production, and its exact cause is unknown. Type 2 diabetes develops when “the body uses insulin ineffectively” (Wu, 2016, para. 3). This type is the most widespread in the world, and it is the result of overweight and lack of physical activity. A comprehensive study found that “about 110 million people in China have diabetes of types 1 and 2” (Wu, 2016, para. 1). Thus, one in nine Chinese adults has diabetes, and 30 percent of diabetics around the world are Chinese. Furthermore, about 1 million people die in China every year because of diabetes (Wu, 2016). The most concerning fact are that nearly 40% of these deaths are among people below the age of 70 (Wu, 2016). Doctors say that such an active growth in the indicators of this disease appeared because of poor nutrition. To be more precise, Western eating habits, such as fast food, containing much cholesterol, have become popular in China. Another factor that leads to the development of diabetes
Introduction Western Europe has experienced significant violence in the recent past due to a multiplicity of factors. In the 1980s, unprecedented riots took place in Brixton and Birmingham occasioned by deep-seated differences between migrants and the citizens. In Germany, for instance, persistent attacks on asylum seekers and refugees were received by reactionary outrage from migrants during the early 1990s when the East and west regions were getting reunited. Regions occupied by asylum seekers during this period in Germany were targeted with firebombs and stones. Migrants who had lived in Germany for a long time were equally not spared in the unfolding homophobic attacks as was the case with the manner in which Turkish citizens were tortured. This elicited widespread condemnation within Germany and other parts of the world. Foreigners in West Europe Racism in Germany was particularly highlighted in media debates and scholarly discussions. Asylum seekers were progressively increasing in number in Germany thanks to the Bosnian crisis and refugees from third world countries under civil war. Despite the population pressures, Germans were particularly singled out in scholarly debate as Europeans with a culture of xenophobia in their society. This is partly attributed to political and ideological differences between the conservative German society and the rest of the world. The German nationality law was also singled out as the main ingredient of the German’s exclusive nationhood that seriously suppressed efforts by foreigners to gain citizenship there. The foreign tag in Germany was particularly attached to migrants from Western and Southern Europe especially the Turks whose population had disturbingly increased from a negligible size in 1960 to above two million at the time of the crisis. This racist and ethnic hatred against the Turks is attributed to their perceived foreign culture and religious practices which could not be integrated into the mainstream German society. Turks like other Muslim migrants such as the Algerians and the Moroccans in France and Netherlands respectively could not be assimilated as a result of religious underpinnings and cultural extremes. Integration of the Muslim culture with the predominant Christian doctrines in Western Europe hit a snag due to the competing interes
Introduction Nowadays, companies pay vehement attention to their financials and carefully develop their budgets, as these documents help allocate different types of resources effectively (Nobles, Mattison, & Matsumura, 2014). Nevertheless, some problems may take place. Consequently, the primary goal of the paper is to discuss the operating budget, conduct variance analysis of direct materials and labor, explain its findings, and determine the aspects that have to be investigated to understand meanings of variances. In the end, conclusions are drawn to summarize the main findings of the paper. The Budget Variances To conduct a budget variance analysis, it is necessary to calculate cost/price and efficiency variances for direct labor and materials. In the first place, the efficiency variance can be defined as the difference between the actual and budgeted results (Clowes & Scriven, 2016; Nobles et al., 2014). Meanwhile, cost/price variance majorly focuses on presenting the sum of variances for different aspects, and it is calculated with the help of the following formula: cost price variance=(actual cost – budget cost)*sales (Shim & Siegel, 2009). These variances are essential elements of budget evaluation, as without them, it will be impossible to identify potential risks and deficiencies (Nobles et al., 2014). Consequently, using them is vital in the context of the presented company to assess the created budget. When evaluating direct labor, its price/cost variance tends to be favorable, as the difference is 33,000 (528,000-495,000). In this case, it will have a positive effect on profits of the company. Nevertheless, labor efficiency variance is unfavorable with the negative value of -48,000 (480,000-528,000), and the total variance value of -15,000. A combination of these results implies that the management of direct labor is ineffective. Subsequently, apart from the positive values of price/cost variance, the total variance is unfavorable, and it will have an adverse impact on volumes of forecasted sales and overall financial stability of the business. As for direct materials, similar formulas are applied when calculating their variances. For example, direct materials price/cost variance equals to zero (240,250-240,250), and it could be considered as favorable. It shows that the resources are used effectively, and it can potentially have a positive impact on the organizational financial performance. Nonetheless, material efficiency variance is unfavorable with the value of -28,058 (212,195-240,250), and it states that apart from favorable price/cost variance, the overall effectiveness of direct materials allocation is questionable. As a result, this negative outcome is forecasted to have an adverse effect on financial stability and question the possibility of reaching projected sales. Overall, the variance results portray that the company utilizes its direct labor and materials ineffectively and has to reconsider its inputs in different states of the expenditure. Reasons for the V