ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Outsourcing There is no agreed definition of outsourcing. The term usually refers to businesses contracting out their business functions. The functions contracted out may be within the same geographical region or be in other nations. When services are contracted to other firms in different nations, the term is referred to as offshoring. Business Outsourcing This refers to handing out business responsibilities of one’s company to another company. Initially, the business activities handed over to a third party firm were mainly payroll. Today the concept of BPO includes more business activities otherwise considered secondary to the business, such as management of employee benefits (Sourcingmag.com, n.d.). Business outsourcing falls under outsourcing. Large manufacturing companies who possess large supply chains first embraced the concept. Information Technology (IT) Information technology includes use of processing, storage and dissemination of data using computers and telecommunication equipment. The data involved may be vocal, textual or numerical information. Information technology will include computer software, information systems and computer hardware. Offshoring In offshoring, a firm moves an entire unit of operation to a different nation. The off-shored unit may be manufacturing or a supporting process. The difference between offshoring and outsourcing lies in the fact that offshoring concerns the movement of the business operations to another nation. In offshoring, the firm still maintains the ownership and management of the business process. Offshoring may encompass the substitution of a given service with another service from a foreign nation. In this case, the substitute becomes the offshored service. Offshoring serves as a solution to reduce business costs or to escape tax liabilities within the home country. The main offshoring destinations of the world are China and India. Offshoring includes Production offshoring and IT services offshoring. IT Services Offshoring IT services offshoring is a specific category of offshoring. Digitization of business processes made it possible to geographically separate the given services from other business processes. A firm moves its IT service operations to another nation that has the skilled labor necessary to accomplish the task. IT services offshoring is as a result of the availability of affordable and reliable communication (Couto et al., 2007). Business to Business Business to business refers to the exchange of products and services between businesses. In this setting, a firm is the client of another firm and may become its supplier. In outsourcing, the outsourcer and the firm that gets the contract to conduct the business activities on its behalf form a business-to-business relationship. Almost all cases of outsourcing are business-to-business contracts (SearchCIO.com, n.d.). Front office Front office refers to a firm’s business activities that involve a direct interaction with its clients. This includes the marketing and sales departments
Introduction Macbeth is Shakespeare’s work with attachment of historical connotations. Many literary scholars agree that this drama is from a tragic perspective, and has a consistent plot delivery. Macbeth presents the true foundation of human nature with stark superstition that permeates the play. In this drama, a monstrous crime takes place as an extension of ill-intentioned ambition. Motives seem to drive humanity to seek greatness regardless of what it takes ( Macbeth: An analysis of the play by Shakespeare par. 1). The development of the plot stems from one lustful wickedness to the other. Plot development In his quest for greatness, Macbeth commits several murders to subdue his opponents. He seems to be concentrating more on protecting his ambition than offering service to his people. Macbeth’s treachery springs from his reliance to the witches who gave him prophecy that results in his endless creation of enemies. The prophecy by the witches blot Macbeth’s perspective of the world around him, making him see everybody as enemies ( Macbeth: An analysis of the play by Shakespeare par. 2). Nonetheless, he seeks to disguise himself and presents a picture of statesmanship, a quality that he lacks. Macbeth endlessly reproaches himself by presenting an obtuse picture of himself to the unsuspecting ordinary people. Notably, Duncan and Banquo are his worst perceived enemies. He certainly leaves in denial, as he refuses to open up to both Lady Macbeth and Macduff – his close confidants. Apprehension seems to characterize Macbeth’s life, especially when he asks, “How say’st thou, that Macduff denies his person at our great bidding?” Evidently, Macbeth is living in self-pity and denial. All these acts further reveal disorder in Macbeth’s mind. In this drama, Shakespeare presents Macbeth as suffering from tragic consequences mainly due to his exaggerated ambition which Macbeth himself admits as true “o’er-leaps itself,” (I.vii.27). Macbeth is subdued by the witches’ influence of the prophecy, which prompts him to make one mistake after another. His actions set him on an inclined downfall “so foul and fair a day,” (I.iii.39). Clearly, ambition is the main tragic flaw that leads Macbeth to peril. Many literary devices enhance the plot. For example, soliloquy by Macbeth makes it obvious that he is in trouble, and the listener can easily discern it. He has a dubious belief of eliminating his perceived enemies; he kills Duncan to ascend to kingship. Visual elements permeate the plot to guide the audience through the piece. Both alliteration and repetition permeate the plot; these helps in laying emphasis as seen in Macbeth’s resolve to comfort himself from his wickedness – “The handle towards my hand” (Shakespeare 34). Soliloquy helps to m
The usage of corporal punishment as the way of providing discipline and controlling the children’s behavior is one of the most controversial questions which are widely discussed by psychologists, sociologists, and philosophers today. These debates involve arguing on the main moral and psychological aspects of the issue because it is the problem of not only a family, but of the whole society. Corporal punishment can be considered as the most abusive method to control the children’s behavior which can be used by parents at home and by teachers at school because the consequences of corporal punishment are always negative for children without references to the intensity and frequency of such punishment. Corporal punishment as a kind of physical punishment cannot be discussed as the effective method to provide the discipline, but only as the violation of the children’s rights which can lead to the unpredictable consequences in the future. Children can experience the challenge of corporal punishment at school and at home. If the public’s position according to the usage of corporal punishment at school is rather clear and can be stated as quite negative, the reaction to the issues of corporal punishment at home can be different. It is significant to pay attention to the fact that many parents do not consider their actions as abusive and that is why they are not aware of the existence of the problem in their families. Elizabeth Gershoff is an Associate Professor of Social Work at the University of Michigan, and she is studying the problem of the usage of corporal punishment in families during several years. According to her latest findings, the problem of physical punishment is still current for US families, in spite of the development of discussing this question in society. Dr. Gershoff states that the American parents use the “physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience bodily pain or discomfort so as to correct or punish the child’s behavior” (Gershoff, 2008, p. 9). Nevertheless, corporal punishment rarely leads to the expected results and can correct the children’s behavior. Instead of it, children are inclined to react aggressively or express the signs of the oppressed moods to address the attempts of their humiliating. Thus, the negative consequences of the usage of corporal punishment as the method of controlling and correcting the children’s behavior can be divided into short-term and long-te
Introduction Research is a critical part of working as a counselor or social worker. This helps to ensure credibility and move forward the discipline with evidence-based practice while maintaining the professional competence of the counselor. This report is a comprehensive evaluation of the study Challenges of Developing an Observable Parent-Reported Measure: A Qualitative Study of Functional Impact of ADHD in Children and analysis for its use in counseling practice (Matza, Margolis, Deal, Farrand, & Erder, 2017). Evaluation of the Research Problem In pediatric clinical trials, the patient-reported outcome measures are most often completed by parents or guardians since children may not be able to provide valid answers adequately. These reports include both observable and nonobservable aspects. However, the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and US Food and Drug Administration has released guidelines that the informant-reported assessment measures should focus on observable characteristics. Evaluating the Significance of the Problem The qualitative study is exploring the concept of observability based on an example of a child with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The competent and accurate observation of a child’s characteristics and social functioning is a critical matter in providing counseling for ADHD patients. Therefore, counselors can benefit from a multidisciplinary approach to this study. The author notes that informant-reported outcomes fail to observe vital behavioral characteristics of children with ADHD. The results of the study can help define the concept of observability and associated challenges, thus helping to enhance guidelines on the reported measures. Evaluation of the Literature Review The study does not have any literature review. The authors present basic background information on the topic in the introduction as they set up for their study. A qualitative study is mentioned which focused on creating parent-reported measures of ADHD, but it is described as ineffective since previous instruments have covered such areas of impact. Evaluation of Research Purpose Statement and Questions Research Design It is a qualitative study that conducts concept elicitation semi-structured interviews individually with children and their parents. These interviews are meant to study the impact of ADHD on the behavior and function of children while parents were evaluated for the observability of these measures. Research Purpose Statement The research purpose statement of this study is to “provide an opportunity to explore the concept of observability and highlight the challenges of developing informant-reported outcome measures that are limited to observable content” (Matza et al., 2017, p. 829). This statement is accurate and straightforward in identifying the purpose of the study. The author highlights the basic concepts and the issues which the research is meant to address. Research Questions There are no clear research questions identified in the study. Based on the interview questions, it can be assumed researchers attempted to determine t
Introduction The issue of sustainability has been receiving a lot of attention lately; people in many sectors are recognizing that the utilization of the resources of the earth cannot be without consequence. The depletion of the resources is driven both by the growth in the population and the quest for greater economic growth. Despite the large volumes of information that is generated everyday regarding the utilization of resources on the planet, the trend of unsustainable activities still continues unabated (Adams & Jeanrenaud, 2008); the big question today therefore is what the fate of the planet is. The Story of Easter Island: Rapa Nui Located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, Easter Island or Rapa Nui offers a chilling example of the consequences of unabated exploitation of natural resources. This island, located 3,510 km west off the coast of Chile, is among the most isolated islands on the planet; basically, it was a closed ecological system. Paleobotanical studies (of fossil pollen and tree moulds left by lava flows) show that the original vegetation of the island was a subtropical moist broadleaf forest. This ecosystem was quickly depleted by the growing population on the island. A lot of the resources were spent on waging war and building giant stone gods known as moai; for example, large trees were felled to make rollers to transport the statues from the quarry to the sacred site. The drive to create these gods was so great that at some point, there was one moai for every ten inhabitants of the island (Wright, 2004). Eventually, so much of the forest was cut down that their large trees used to make large canoes able to venture into deep waters became extinct effectively denying the islanders of their major source of food, deep sea fish. The inhabitants turned to the islands fauna and ate all the mammals and birds making them extinct. Additionally, deforestation resulted in soils erosion making cultivation unproductive. There have been speculations that the severe lack of food on the island forced people to cannibalism (Diamond, 2005). By this point, the Easter Island civilization was gone and the population severely reduced. Earth Island The earth is also an island; it is a closed system without resource input from any other source; at least for now. As such if we deplete all the resources from this planet, we might suffer the same fate as that of the Easter Islanders; while the end result may not be ne
Introduction Religion is an important part of human life, which helps in explaining human existence as well as the problems of good and evil. One of the most practiced Christian religions in the world is the Eastern Orthodox. The term orthodox denotes “right believing” and is used to indicate what believers perceive as the true religion that devotedly adheres to the beliefs and traditions as laid down by early Christians and the apostles. This paper is a report based on a vespers church service that the author attended at the Holy Trinity Orthodox Church in San Francisco. The paper begins by identifying the tradition observed in that denomination including a brief history of their Church tradition. This is followed by an analysis of the church’s theology and practice, and a description of the church service. Ultimately the paper makes a brief comparison between the Christian Orthodox religion and Buddhism, which is the author’s religion. The Christian Orthodox Tradition Most Orthodox Church services and organizational structures are often confused with Roman Catholic traditions due to their many similarities. Up until 1054 AD, Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism were parts of the same society known as the ‘One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church’ (McGuckin 10). Before that, there were gradual rifts between these two divisions of Christendom. The main reasons for the split between the two denominations were based on the refusal by Rome to adhere to the original decisions of the seven ecumenical councils. The Orthodox Church saw the claim for a universal papacy as a deviation from the original conclusions by the councils. Another significant reason for the division was linked to the Filioque controversy, in which the Orthodox Christians claimed that some phrases had been added to the Nicene Creed to emphasize Christ’s divinity (Benz 22). The Eastern Christians were opposed to the addition of anything that was not in the original conceptions of the seven ecumenical councils. The Orthodox tradition believes in a Holy Trinity where ‘the Father is the cause of the Spirit and the Son’ (Benz 25). In theology, tradition refers to any teaching or practice that is passed on through generations in the life of the church. According to the Orthodox faith, the Holy Trinity is to be observed as shown by Jesus Christ and affirmed by the Holy Spirit. Moreover, Orthodox Christians assert that all three parts of the Trinity are divine, separate and equivalent. They hold that Jesus is not only human, but is also completely divine (Binns 39). He died to save mankind from the consequences of sin and will come again to deliver judgment. The Orthodox Christians honor Mary as the mother of Jesus, but dismiss the dogma of the Immaculate Conception as believed by the Roman Catholic Church. However, it is a gift from the Father to Christians meant to empower believers. Theology and Practice in Orthodox Christianity The Orthodox Church is a valuable source of Christian liturgical tradition passed down through many centuries of Christianity. It
There are environmental hazards that surround us in one way or another and all of them essentially threaten our well-being or health and there are different ways in which we respond to them. We can be away from toxic, sanctify water before drinking it and shield ourselves from radiation which is harmful but we can not be able to escape from the air. Air is a fluid medium and accepts all contaminants that are injected into it, mix them together and the resulting concoction is delivered into our lungs directly. (Brian, 2005 pp24 par 3-5) There is variation in our exposure to air pollution depending on the time and the place where we are and the effect is dependant on individual susceptibilities but the fact remains that as long as we live, we have to breathe. In many parts of United States today and other countries all over the world, the environment and human health is threatened by poor air quality but we have high expectations of clean air today than the days before and the damage caused by poor quality of air can be clearly understood than ever before. We can not be able to return to the clean air that existed during preindustrial times but we always aspire to manage the qualit
Introduction Every child goes through a number of developmental stages as he/she move from childhood to adulthood. Each of the stages of growth as demonstrated by a number of the developmental theorists suggests that growth and development is a process and each of the stages involved is very crucial in the determination of a child’s personality. Theorists such as Sigmund Freud and Erik Erickson formulated a number of developmental stages that a child passes through. According to them, the manner in which the child is handled in each of the stages plays a big role in determining whether the child develops a strong personality or a weak one. The Observation and discussion of the results In my observation, I was working with a five year child whom I observed as she played with a number of new play materials that I had just introduced her to for about thirty minutes. First, I gave the child six pairs of cards that were of the colors; blue, red and yellow. The cards were also in pairs of rectangular, oval and triangular shapes. I then told the child to arrange the cards by putting the similar ones together using any of the properties that they had. She managed to arrange them in three groups on the basis of their colors. I felt so impressed and actually congratulated the child by telling her how a bright child she was and that I believed she could do much more than that. This in fact made the child feel so happy. She then rearranged the cards in terms of their shapes and this made me appreciate her intelligence even more. This was returned by a show of enthusiasm on the child’s face; she was in fact challenging me to give her more complex tasks. Erickson’s theory of human development explains that a child between the ages of five and eleven is at the stage of industry vs. inferiority (Wagner, 2010). He explains that at this stage, children tend to develop a sense of pride in their achievements and abilities through social interactions (Wagner, 2010). If a child at this stage is complimented for his or her achievements then they develop competence and belief in their abilities. However, if the child does not receive any compliments from the parents or teachers, he/she more often than not doubts his/her ability to accomplish a given task successfully (Wagner, 2010). As I observed the child play with the cards I had given to her, I realized that when the child managed to successfully arrange the cards according to their colors and I complimented her, she got so encouraged to show me that she could even do more -she went ahead and arranged the cards according to their shapes. I could not believe that she as able to notice the different shapes of the cards. When she received more compliments from me, she got so enthusiastic and she even wanted to continue with the play. By relating this to Erickson’s theory; one realizes that at this stage of growth, it is very important that the teachers, parents or guardians appreciate the little efforts and achievements the children make. This is important for the development of the child. It will help build the child’s self
On August 26, 2012, I visited the National Museum of the Marine Corps located at 18900 Jefferson Davis Hwy. Triangle, VA 22172. I should say that there are a lot of exhibitions which deserve attention, however, my choice was in favor of the World War II Gallery. This gallery is devoted to the World War II, which exhibits various pieces devoted to the war, such as documents, photos, and machines. The exhibition impresses with its main idea. Trying to deliver the spirit of the World War II to the visitor, the administration achieved its purposes. It is essential to understand that the exhibition is held not only to show the visitors the period of the World War II, but also to keep safe the data connected with that period of time. Trying to explain my expression from attending this place, I should say that before going there I was inspirited with the idea to visit the place which gathers the reminding about one of the most important periods of time for the whole world. I waited for the day of attending the museum and I was really satisfied with what I saw. The exhibition did not only present the pieces which could be found during the mentioned time period, I could create the personal impression of the tactics and other particular issues. I managed to appear in the surrounding of the World War II and I want to say for sure that I am lucky to live in the 21 st century, free from war on the territory I live. I want to say that I was impressed with two pieces in the museum, the documents and photos devoted to Perl Harbor and an aircraft which hangs above the place. This aircraft is the only model which remained. These two peaces which are to be saved first of all in case of fire or another disaster. The items, which do not have any copies, should be protected. Past is the period which may be remembered but cannot be returned and it is really important to save the items which have such great history. Dwelling upon the general impression from the whole exhibition, I experienced two different feelings. First of all, I was impressed with the greatness and magnificence of the historic events. I was really fascinated with the whole atmosphere. However, I was also deeply grieved for those who lived during that period of time. Looking at various document, newspaper articles, photos, I was overwhelmed with pain the war brought to the society. Having visited this exhibition, I thought deeply about the sense of the human life, about the destiny and the place of a person on the Earth. Having an opportunity to live a life full of impressions and bright moments, we have to do what we do not want to, we have to attend the places we do not feel satisfaction with. I was really impressed with what I saw and I began to think about my place in this life and what I am interested into. I have considered that sometimes I do things which I do not want to just to please others, however, this is my life and I should live it to make sure that I am satisfied. World War II was the event where people participated without any desire. This is wron