ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The development of the medical sphere allows improving the population’s quality of life. Modern technology trends are becoming an integral part of progress in health care. They provide additional opportunities for screening and disease prevention, analyzing a large amount of data, drawing up an effective treatment plan, and other physician and patients’ activities. The purpose of this paper is to study the literature on the effectiveness of electronic health records (EHR) for the provision of medical services and to compile an annotated bibliography for the sources reviewed. Despite some difficulties in introducing new technologies into the already established routine of treating patients, their use has a predominantly positive effect on outcomes and efficiencies. Annotated Bibliography Kruse, C. S., & Beane, A. (2018). Health information technology continues to show positive effect on medical outcomes: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research , 20 (2), e41. Web. EHR along with computerized physician order entry (CPOE) clinical decision support (CDS), and other systems is a type of health information technology (HIT). Assuming a connection between the introduction of HIT and improved treatment outcomes, the researchers conducted a review of the literature of the five-year period before the publication date using strict selection criteria. The authors identified twelve different categories of technologies used in the reviewed studies (clinical decision support systems, telemedicine and software programs, and other methods). These findings suggest more diverse types of technology than previously analyzed in similar studies. It was found that the use of HIT will continue to be promoted by both hospital staff and policymakers. Such a conclusion is justified by the effectiveness of technologies; for example, the authors determined that 81% of the researches achieved positive outcomes (Kruse &Beane, 2018). The results prove that the hypothesis of the positive effect of technology on treatment outcomes is correct. The senior author of the article has many publications that trace interest in the use of technology in medicine. The publication in the peer-reviewed journal also evidences the reliability
Understanding the ways in which one can exert authority or a certain community is critical to the assessment of political, economic, and cultural alterations within a specific community or state. Furthermore, the analysis of how power is executed, and how a political influence can shape interactions on both statewide and international levels is critical to effective communication in the global setting. Herein is the importance of “My Brilliant Friend” concealed. Written by Elena Ferrante, the book discloses the intrinsic link between political movements and the lives of citizens, at the same time analyzing the impact that the former has on the latter. Outlining the detrimental effects that power has on all levels of social interactions when used without regard for citizens’ needs and the concept of diversity, the book represents a strikingly honest revelation to its readers. Understanding a particular social issue as a product of interpersonal relationships is essential to the interpretation of a specific conflict and its further resolution. The connection between the subject of a particular discussion and the presence of a strong power source that defines one’s attitude toward the problem in question is quite evident (Dahl & Stionebrickner, 2003). In his approach toward the subject matter, Dahl is very straightforward; according to the philosopher, The basis for the contrast between our definition and theirs is clear-cut: they hold that decisions are brought about solely by the exercise of power, while we believe that power is neither the only nor even the major factor influencing the process of decision-making. (Plotkin, 1996, p. 39) Therefore, the presence of power implies that a specific issue can only be viewed from a particular stance and that any other means of revisiting it are inherently absurd. The identified dimension creates the breeding ground for the further manipulation of people and the promotion of state policies, philosophies, and principles that will define people’s decision-making in the future. In Ferrante’s novel, the first dimension is represented rather vividly. The author portrays the malicious intentions of the ruling power and the effects that they produce on people whose vision is clogged by the active promotion of harmful rhetoric. For example, Ferrante delves into the analysis of the first dimension of power when addressing the development of Elena’s character. Although Elena does not yield to viewing the reality as the harmful rhetoric of the ruling party persuades her to do, she still changes her viewpoint to a significantly bitter one. For example, she expresses the following depressing revelation: “There are wars. There is a poverty that makes us all cruel. Every second something might happen that will cause you such suffering that you’ll never have enough tears” (Ferrante, 2012, p. 443). Thus, while the lead character does not succumb to the ideas that are foisted onto her, she still shapes her perception toward a much more bitter one (Tomain, 2017). The specified phenomenon aligns with the on
Propaganda advertising refers to the process of advertising, which is aimed at influencing consumers towards the consumption of products through the presentation of one side of an argument. Advertisers cautiously select information to present to the public by omitting counterproductive information. As such, the target of information presented is to alter the attitudes of consumers towards the interests of the advert sponsors. This practice has led to the creation of manipulative adverts, which do not convey the features of actual products being advertised due to exaggeration (Moon 97). Consequently, consumers become the victims of propaganda advertising since they cannot receive the expected utility from products acquired based on adverts. The Marlboro ads are examples of propaganda adverts. In this regard, the adverts are used to promote consumption of cigarettes by using a great cowboy. Leo Burnett represents a skillful cowboy with the capability to perform extraordinary activities. The cowboy can undertake extremely difficult tasks, which cannot be achieved by common people. In essence, consumers are directed away from the product being advertised to the skills of the cowboy. This is attributed to the small proportion of space covered by the marketed product in the whole advert. The intention of placing a skillful cowboy in the advert is to depict that smoking cigarettes has magnificent effects. Through this initiative, consumers are triggered to consume the product in order to achieve extraordinary heights. For this reason, consumers would not view the product as being harmful but essential for their survival. At the same time, consumers are not shown the harmful effects of the tobacco smoking making potential individuals smoke while the smokers continue to smoke. Although the product is known to have reasonable health hazards, no such information is covered appropriately in the advert. The advert does not present such information with emphasis since this would be counterproductive to the initiative. This implies that one side of the issue is portrayed to consumers, which is manipulative and misleading. In addition, the intention of the advert is to market cigarettes, and for that reason, consumers have to be lured with unrealistic achievements in the usage of the product. The consideration of outsourcing of activities from third-world countries demands the adoption of ethical practices. In this regard, it is vital to ensure that organizations hire third-world labor provided that the jobs are better than any other options they might have, they are treated decently, and they are provided with opportunities to improve their lives. This implies that the US firms would be motivated to incorporate the labor contribution from the third world countries. For this reason, the third-world countries would be offered opportunities that are ideal with respect to their skills and knowledge (Moon 145). As a result, they would have decent o
African Economies in the Pre-Colonial Era Economic activities in Sub-Saharan Africa included 1 hunting, gathering, and fishing. Geographical regions determined what kind of activity took place where. The activities were also influenced by seasonal changes. Regions with relatively high rainfall were densely inhabited by sedentary societies. It is, however, important to note that hunting-gathering and fishing were not the only economic activities in the pre-colonial time in Africa. 2 According to Wickins, like it is today, there were also pastoral societies like the Fulani of Western Africa, and the Maasai and the Turkana of East Africa. As societies continued to develop economically, learning new ideas and innovations, and coming up with new trends in economic activities, there was a tendency for change. Though, the traditional economic activities like hunting and gathering, popular with the San and the Khoikhoi of Western Africa, were not isolated. The development of the market economy ushered in trade. And the initial system of trade was barter trade, whereby goods were exchanged with goods. 3 For instance, food crops were exchanged with livestock and households could be given in return for farm inputs. The vice versa was very possible. The development of trade went through a historical metamorphosis before it finally became what may be equated to modern trade. African trade took a new twist with the 4 discovery of gold in Western Africa. This facilitated the change in the system of trade, from barter trade to what can be termed as the modern system of trade. Impact of Colonialism on the Ancient African Economies The European colonization of Africa significantly impacted African economic activities. According to Davidson, 5 “the 1800s partitioning of the African continent amongst the European powers hampered both the African traditional economic activities and its political affairs”. As per the Berlin Conference that took place between 1884 and 1885, partitioning of Africa 6 “marked the beginning of new economic era and political doctrines in Africa”. 7 African colonization transformed the system of trade, barter trade was rendered primitive and the African styles of leadership and rules were perceived as barbaric. The economic activities that were previously dominant in African antiquity became instinct over time. Hunting and gathering were absorbed into farming and settlement, among other new economic orders that came with the foreigners. In addition to the transformation of the ancient activities, there were additional economic activities that Africans were never used to and which they learned from the Europeans. Economic activities such as working for money and exchanging goods with money and not other goods were new things in the continent. Development Strategies in the Post Colonial Africa With the conclusion of World war two in 1945, the European states in Africa 8 “realized they would have to grant their colonies independence”. This was going to impact eithe
Executive Summary The outlook for Australian tourism in 2009. In late December 2008 and early January, 2009, the Tourism Forecasting Committee gave out its latest anticipated for both domestic and inbound tourism as well as outbound tourism. For 2009, the committee estimated a decline in inbound onsets of about 4.1%, domestic tourist nights of about 0.9%, while outbound going away was estimated at 2.9%. This paper identifies five key current issues that are related to tourism and grade them in order of their significance on tourism industry. The positioning is based on what impact a particular issue has on tourism and how long it can last. However, there is anticipation of increased tourism because of marketing competition systems that have been strategizing in main market places, like in airlines and National Tourism Offices that hunt for to defending market share besides planning on how to counter the economic downturn that is affecting the world. Likewise, it is anticipated that a number of Governments will be sought to persuade their nationals to holiday at home (Australia). Introduction Tourism is among the largest key industries around the world and is of fastidious significance towards the economies of several developing as well as developed countries along with rising markets. As an important basis of foreign exchange earnings and employment, the tourism sector may offer a great perspective meant for growth and development. On the other hand, there have been great anxieties concerning the social in addition to environmental problems which can be caused by uncontrolled tourism. On the other hand, the indigenous peoples need to be perceived as main contributors toward ecotourism. As customary custodians of their lands, indigenous peoples must contribute to ecotourism industry because of their close acquaintance with the eco-systems they extensively safeguarded. Modern development in tourist Hotpoint On April 25, 2009, the article titled ‘‘rather than compete with Dubai’s glitz, Doha is building its reputation as a five-star cultural capital”, by Leisa Tyler appeared in The Age. This article represented a vital tourism-related issue, that of modern development in tourist Hotpoint. Two decades ago, one could experience the sands shifting in Doha, the languid capital of Qatar, since the area was not well ventured. In the current times, the noise has turned to originate from the city’s changing skyline. The oil-rich Arab-Emirate is nowadays alive with modern buildings, as shiny skyscrapers rise from the scorching sands as well as from geometric artificial islands which appear in the sea. The
Introduction This paper involves the analysis of the case of Nissan Motors, and specifically about the company’s cultural change. The paper examines the company’s situation based on aspects of leadership and management as presented in the case study. The fundamental objective is to establish any issues that arise from Nissan’s cultural change and how the case presented is relevant to the UAE. At this point, the primary objective is to establish how the case would play out in the case of the UAE culture. Therefore, the paper relates the presented case to the UAE, with the aim of finding out the similarities and differences expected if those involved were the UAE nationals and residents. Background of the Case Study The presented case study is about the change in culture at Nissan Motors, a company that was started in 1911 following the introduction of Kaishinsha Motor Car Works. Later, this company entered into a merger in 1933 with some firms specializing in motor vehicles, after which the name changed to Nissan Motors. The initial years of Nissan’s operations were exceptional as far as its performance was concerned (Evans & Lindsay, 2013). Such performance earned the company a title as the second largest automobile maker in Japan before the start of World War II. However, the productivity of Nissan was affected by the war, though the company was able to stay in business amidst the challenges brought about by the war. Problems Encountered by Nissan Motors The company has encountered some challenges since it was started to date. For example, following the occurrence of the Second World War, Nissan’s growth and development in several countries, especially those that were adversely affected by the war became stagnant. In spite of this, empirical evidence shows that the success of the company during the tough times after the war was enhanced by the availability of effective leadership. For example, the postwar recovery process was achieved through the recreation of the Japanes
The first question that comes to mind is why the TCI is launched as a social business but does not comprise the social business model in it?? By this I want to say that it is a business open to all kind of investments, including those who may very well be considered socially “irresponsible”. As its CEO, Hohn, explained the fund is NOT an ethical fund and that profit maximization for the shareholders was the primary goal of this business. But, if it is so, why charge 1% of the investment sum for the investors, shareholders, as a fee to be passed at the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation? It has a business logical lack in all of this. If the fund is not “social model” oriented and does not have ethical constrictions then maybe it should not oblige its investors to pay a fee to the foundation. At the end, the TCI has similar fees as top-ranked hedge funds. It can leave it optional to every shareholder to decide by himself to donate or not, and the sum to be donated. Maybe the similarity of fees with other funds does not make The Children’s Investment Fund particularly attractive to investors. Second point to be made here is that the foundation served as an attraction for different talented young professionals. Hohn confirms this by his statement that money are not the only thing that keep good professionals connected to a business. He notices that this fact is evident across the industry. Nevertheless, another scope of having the social component in the fund is to make sure that more money get to the problems of the society from an industry where tens of billions of profit dollars are gained each year. But the question to be raised here is still why have the social components fee obligatory? Hohn himself acknowledges that some investors were retracted from investing in the fund because of this. They even offered to pay more other fees with the condition to avoid the social contribution fees. They feared that by paying this social contributions fees pressure would rise for them to allocate even more funds to other “social responsible” businesses. By doing this they would increase their costs and minimize their profits. The only recommendation to be made here is to find the “golden balance” between the loss of potential investors and the gain, the brain-gain, of high quality professionals. The last will also serve as an attraction for other potential investors, who are going to be attracted to the fund because it has within high quality professionals who would be a guarantee to success. A third question is about the value investment approach of the fund. A first question to be made is whether investing in monopolies and oligopolies and running a “social type” business is compatible?? Don’t monopolies harm society? But, as stated above, Hohn has been clear that the fund will not be an ethics-focused business. But, from a business point of view, if you invest in monopolies and oligopolies you have invested in a high value business, with a steady flow of cash but you have also invested in something implying certain risks. Monopolies and oligopolies are subj
Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Act is meant to protect the civil rights of minorities from any form of discrimination. After only three months of the Act’s enactment, the case Heart of Atlanta Motel Incorporated versus the United States was filed in the Supreme Court on October 5, 1964, challenging the law. Heart of Atlanta Motel Incorporated, the complainant, insisted that it did not have an obligation to serve African American customers. The Supreme Court affirmed that failing to serve African American customers was tantamount to racial discrimination, which is a violation of Title II of the Act. Equal Employment Acts Equal Employment Acts have been challenged by the case St. Mary’s Honor CTR versus Hicks , filed in the Court of Appeals on April 20, 1993, and decided on June 25, 1993. In the case, Hicks, who was demoted and eventually discharged from the company, alleged that he had been subjected to racial discrimination by its management personnel. The court held that Hicks’ rights were never violated and the actions of the company to demote and discharge him were not racially motivated. Employee Rights and Issues The issues and rights of employees were challenged in 2012 when the case Vance versus Ball State University was filed in the United States Supreme Court. The plaintiff claimed that he was in order, as the supervisor, to take disciplinary actions against defiant employees. The Court held that, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, an employee only becomes a “supervisor” for reasons of vicarious liability if he is authorized by his employer to act that way. Recruiting Strategies Employee referral has both advantages and disadvantages when applied to recruit staff. The main advantages of the employee referral program are a simplification of the recruitment process and the possibility of hiring the most qualified candidates. However, employee referral is quite expensive, and it also compromises the diversity of potential candidates (Gitman & McDaniel, 2008). An employer can also rely on job fairs to recruit employees. Hiring employees through live job fairs only requires an employer to attend such events to get suitable candidates; for this reason, it is a cheaper recruiting method. Online channels such as recruiting websites are also another effective recruiting method as