ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The three common small-group networks include the all-channel, wheel, and chain (Griffin and Moorhead 305). The chain presupposes a high degree of hierarchy, and the communication channels involve the flow of information up (or down) the hierarchical communication chain. The wheel network is characterized by the presence of the leader, and the member of the network communicate with the leader without contacting each other. The all-channels network involves communication through all possible channels. Notably, in the vast majority of cases, there is no leader in such groups. The chain network is effective in settings where a high degree of accuracy is required. The wheel network is the most efficient when there is a charismatic leader as well as a lack of trust among members of the chain. The all-channels network is the most efficient when the members’ satisfaction and diverse ideas are important. Each network is efficient in specific settings, and no network can be effectively utilized in all contexts. Works Cited Griffin, Ricky, and Gregory Moorhead. Organizational behavior . Mason: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.
Introduction The term homosexuality appeared to have been used for the first time in the year 1869. In 1871, Germany government criminalized against such act. By 1947, an Institute for Sex Research was incorporated in Indiana. In the year 1961, a Vatican said that anyone involved with homosexuality was not eligible to take religious vows. Later in 1972, a church in Netherlands argued that gays and lesbians could also serve as pastors. The United Methodist Church in U.S.A. voted against the issue of “compatibility between the church and homosexuality”. Ever since, there have been a number of advances on the subject of gay affairs. In a good number of States, prejudice of groups based on their sexual orientation has been forbidden. This document aim to argue that validation of homosexuality has a harmfully influence on the community ethical fabric or cause discrepancy in relations. Concession Majority of spiritual associations have based their opinions on holy scripts and argued that justification of homosexuality has led to erosion of ethical values within the American people. This moral approach has played enormous position throughout political movements where people values have superseded the aspiration to decriminalize homosexuality particularly in school boards and sacred unions. In their point of view, spiritual groups argue that marriage is sanctified union and therefore holy. They as a result argue that God created man and bespoke him to fill up the world through his union with the female partner and not people of same sexual category (Ayers and Brown 15). Secondly, opponents of homosexuality advice that marriage amid people of identical gender does not hold any logic as it lack rationale and purpose. They emphasize that marriage between man and woman has a primary objective of giving birth. Conversely, marriage between people of the same gender does not have this objective. On top of siring, marriage of similar sexual category can be done for the main intention of material goods allotment and companionship. The anti-homosexuality bodies argue that these can be accomplished without marrying. There are regulations that would contentedly attend to the matters of material goods sharing and heritage (Sherman 14). These urgings nevertheless, have not been able to persuade pro-homosexuality bodies. It is based on this that I personally oppose legalization of marriages of the same sex. Science and homosexuality Initially, they dispute that homosexuality is normal and inherited. Whilst anti-homosexual lobbies dispute that this is a conduct acquired from the setting, science has confirmed that homosexuality is an innate issue (Garber 16). Le Vay’s 1991 research showed that there are structural distinctions within the mind of homosexual men and their heterosexual complements. According to the research, it was acknowledged that interstitial nuclei located in the anterior hypothalamus of individuals’ brain demonstrated structural diversity in the two categories of men. In homosexuals, the structure was minor in comparison to the heterosexual counterparts. He affirmed that the dimension of this structure had a responsibility
Security is often cited as the main argument in favor of cloud-based services. Nevertheless, despite significant progress in the field, a number of security concerns remain relevant for the technology. The following paper presents an overview of possible attacks carried out outside the cloud and outlines the possible approaches for addressing the risks. The first type of attack that may be carried out by the program outside the cloud is known as traffic eavesdropping. This type of attack occurs when a message sent by the cloud service consumer gets intercepted by an external party on its way to the service located in the cloud. Traffic eavesdropping is not unique to cloud services and is used to target a wide variety of systems that allow for such a possibility. It should be understood that eavesdropping does not introduce any malicious code into the intercepted data, which is delivered to the intended destination unaltered. Nevertheless, it creates a significant threat to data security and confidentiality. In addition, due to its passive nature, such a technique can be used discretely and is extremely difficult to locate. The most common solution to remediating the eavesdropping attack is to use encryption for data sent to the cloud. The messages can be encrypted using a key shared by the sender (service consumer) and the recipient (cloud service). While it would still be possible to intercept the encrypted data, decrypting it without a key would be a highly unlikely event (Tang et al., 2016). Thus, the data will only exist in a decrypted state outside the communication channel, rendering the interception useless. The second possibility is a denial of service (DoS) attack. This type of attack relies on exceeding the operational capacity of the server – in this case, the physical hardware that hosts virtual services and programs. A typical DoS attack involves a number of users who initiate a series of repeated actions expected to load the targeted services. At a certain level of workload, the number of requests is expected to exceed the operational capacity of the service, at which point it begins to degrade or shuts down completely (Wang, Zheng, Lou, & Hou, 2015). At this point, it is important to note that the majority of cloud-based services are dynamically adjusted in response to the changes in the workload. Nevertheless, the capacity for change in this situation is limited by the properties of the physical medium that handles the virtual services. Thus, once the physical servers are unable to keep up with the network load, the services dependent on these servers become inaccessible to any consumer outside the cloud. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the described setup can host any number of services, which are expected to be equally impacted by the attack. Despite the growing awareness about DoS attacks, the definitive remediating measures for them are scarce. The cloud providers are advised to develop detection and mitigation strategies that would make the recovery process easier. In addition, it is necessary to incorporate risk analysis into the service strategy framew
Despite the fact that men and women have different body sizes, weights and heights, their brains are equally different. A woman’s mind could be better because it is flexible, faster and in most cases adjusts depending on the conditions or circumstances. A woman is a poor inventor. For instance, none of them has tried to apply for positions at inventing firms such as steam, telegraphing, machinery or patents. In as much as a woman uses sewing, washing, ironing and knitting machines, none of the machines were invented by a woman. Women are also very poor in architecture. This implies that the man is superior when it comes to heavy use of the brain. At times, the problem is that there is bias and discrimination about the strength of the woman and no chance has ever been given to them to prove if the allegation is wrong. What the society believes about women brings them down and it is the reason why they have not had the interest to compete in some of these fields. The cultures and traditions where we come from, for a long time, have deceived us that the place of a woman is the home. She has an obligation to ensure that her children and husband are fine at all times. At home, the family is as good as dead without the woman. When women are given chances to compete at workplaces, the best they can get is recruitment in the lowest offices and positions. In this case, she should be treated gently and with lots of love and care. Most women are not allowed to exercise their freedom to vote. It is the work of their men to go select leaders on their behalf. In paying for labor, the woman has always faced injustice. Men are paid more than the women, which is of course unfair. In education, the rise of campuses for females only has shown how a woman has chosen to advance. In today’s civilized world, the woman should be set free to decide and depend on herself if she can. Talent and interest, as compared to rights speak it all. After a lady trained using a piano, she may perform worse than a man who has attended no class. The woman was created in a delicate manner, and so for this reason, she is given a lower priority by the man. Therefore, this has nothing to do with their rights. A woman cannot endure pressure and strain, unlike in the case of a man. A woman needs cautious treatment and that is the reason why they are not allowed to compete with men since their chances of winning is minimal. Everyone should understand that the issue here is not that the man can perform better than a woman. Circumstances and chances force things to be the way they are. The immunity of a woman and physical strength is another factor. There are some deeds that only the man can manage because in one way or another, the deed will strain the woman’s physical ability. This issue is explained better in homes where the woman is a widow. Her children do not
Monotheism is the belief in one God this means that Monotheists are of the belief that only one God exits. The Hebrew religion is monotheistic. However, scholars believe that monotheism was not always with the Hebrews rather it evolved because Israel was surrounded by countries that were polytheistic and the descendants of Adam and Eve followed polytheism. Thus, there was need to restore monotheism. The early Hebrew belief was monolatry- the belief in a particular God although not the only one in the universe- according to some biblical scholars. Thus, many studies have been done to explain the origins and evolution of Hebrew monotheism. The origin of Hebrew monotheism can be traced back to 6 th century BC. Monotheism began when God called Abraham from his land in Ur, Babylon as narrated in the book of Genesis. Abraham submitted to this God and left his motherland to serve the will of God. However, there was still the worship of other gods in Israel and this was often referred to as idol worship. Gods such as Asherah, Baal are mentioned clearly supporting the fact that early Hebrew was polytheistic. When God called Abraham, he was supposed to worship one God only. Abraham started worshiping one God and this characteristic stood out among his neighbors who practiced polytheism. He spread the word about worshiping one God and thus he set the pace for Hebrew monotheism evolution. Later Moses appeared and he took monotheism to a higher level. In the book of Exodus, Moses received the Ten Commandments from God and one of the commandments was to worship one God only. He also learnt the name of this God first. The name was Yahweh and he told Moses that he was the same God that had appeared to Isaac, Abraham and Isaac as El Shaddai. He was the true God to be served as he clearly told his servants that they should not worship any other God beside Yahweh because he is a jealous God who does not share his praise and worship with other gods. The concept of monotheism continued to evolve in Hebrew long after Moses had left the scene through the prophets. Prophet Ezra together with Prophet Nehemiah urged the people to observe Torah or the law of God and thus many people who still had some residual of polytheism were convinced to honor only one God. The Torah had a code that the Hebrew people were supposed to live by and it clearly defined acceptable and forbidden behaviors. The codes involved all aspects of life ranging from secular laws to spiritual character. The Torah spelt out monotheism as only one God was to be worshiped thus people were in close relationship with this one God as he featured in every aspect of their earthly lives. Finally, the notion of monotheism has spread across religions and it is embraced in religions such as Islam, Christianity and Judaism. Today many people in the world believe in the existence of one God who is all-powerful and controls the universe. The teachings in monotheism contained in the Torah are universal and can bind a
The Military Health System is a well functioning organization that is instrumental in healthcare activities to U.S. Military personnel retired or active, and it works under the United States Department of Defense. It also provides healthcare for the dependents of the personnel. (Best, 2005) It is reported that there is a budget of $39.4 billion in 2007 with beneficiaries amounting to 9.1 million and sited at more than 1000 locations. (Defense Health Board, 2007) There are also seven care support contracts instrumental under the parameters of TRICARE. (USGAO, 1995) TRICARE can be enumerated as the service centers that are responsible for providing healthcare for Reserve members, National Guards, service members, along with their spouses, survivors, families, and retirees. (Military Health System Skyline, 2008) However, with such well-formulated establishments, it is difficult to imagine the difficulties service personnel can face to receive benefits in terms of healthcare. It is a curious note to learn that even with such varied and established facilities, the Military health system lacks a proper communication system that could address the needs of the beneficiaries and allow them access to these facilities. (Cowen & Moorhead, 2006) At present, there is no proper addressing system that could convey to the personnel about the whereabouts of the facilities and establishments. There are no proper services of advising board, provider referral services, provider appointments, 24-hour telephone triage, or telehealth service. Similarly, the establishment lacks any kind of proper literature for the healthcare-seeking personnel. Thus, it can be
The course of history through which the whole of humankind goes cannot help leaving its trace on the products of human activity, such as art or literature. Literature is the most vivid and precise reflection of historical events, attitudes, and values that existed in the period of the literary work’s creation; this interdependence should never be disregarded when a particular piece of literature is considered. These relationships can be also seen in the works considered in the present paper – each of them will be considered separately to reveal and prove the described connection. The first work to be analyzed is “I Stood Here Ironing” written by Tillie Olsen. The plot of the work refers to the flashbacks that the main character experiences in connection with the reported problems her daughter has at school. She wonders what she did wrong in the period of her up-bringing, analyzes her mistakes and lack of attention she could attribute to Emily in her early years, though her unlimited love is in every word about the first daughter: “I will become engulfed with all I did or did not do, with what should have been and what cannot be helped…She was a beautiful baby…You do not guess how new and uneasy her tenancy in her now-loveliness” (Olsen, 1961) The woman remembers how hard it was for her to raise the daughter without a husband who left them soon after Emily’s birth, and how she tried her best to survive for six years until she finally gave up and sent her daughter away, to relatives and further on to the convalescent home where she was subject to much spiritual torture (Olsen, 1961). The theme is highly typical for the period of the 1960s when women started to claim their right to have beneficial working conditions due to their necessity of raising children. The problem was extremely sharp for working women who had no opportunity to attribute enough attention, care, and love to their children, especially in cases when they were single mothers and had to conduct up-bringing alone. They were simply ignored, and their lives were left without support from the state. The short story “I Stood Here Ironing” brings the message of a woman who felt desperate about her inability to remain with her daughter, showing the drama of all single working mothers in the 20 th century. The next work to be discussed is an ironical interpretation of the classical fairy-tale “The Beauty and the Beast” titled “The Courtship of Mr. Lyon”. It was written by Angela Carter. Since the classical version represents the part of folklore, the new interpretation bears the trace of feminism and modernity introduced in its lines. The first theme is shown through the autonomous, strong, and “masculine” character of the Beauty who simply uses the Beast, enjoys the wealth he provides for her family, and does not feel
Introduction Training and development is an integral part of human resource management. This is mainly because it imparts skills and experience required for higher productivity. Human resource management is responsible for conducting employee training and development. Ideally, it involves applying of principles aimed at recruiting, training, compensating and developing employees in an organization. These are usually done to maximize effectiveness of the organization and its employees. Human resource is divided into different categories that work together to achieve efficiency. These include recruitment, performance management, retention, payroll and industrial relation, as well as training and development. However, among these, training and development forms the core of human resource management. This is mainly because it works to reduce randomness as well as ensure that learning happens in a structured manner. Several methods have been utilized in achieving the best training programs. However, these programs need evaluation to determine their efficacy. This can only be done through evaluation process and design. Training and development programs require evaluation to ensure that the company moves forward. This paper will establish why training and development is essential in human resource management. It will also explore methods of training, analyze its cost benefits and study a case on the same (Noe, 2006, p.15). Why Training and Development is important in Human Resource Management Training and development is essential in any company. This is mainly because it forms the backbone of human resource. Without training and development, achieving efficacy is almost impossible. Moreover, it helps in imparting organizational culture and orientation into the company. The former enables employees to improve work in line with company’s organizational structure, which helps in smooth running of activities. Similarly, the latter ensures that behavioral change or learning is done in a structured manner. This in turn helps in strengthening organizational culture and hence improved productivity. Training and development is therefore very important as it helps the organization to achieve its objectives (McNamara, 2011, p. 1). Training and development is usually conducted for a variety of purposes. This is often done when conducting training on a particular topic of interest to the organization, testing a fresh performance system and when employees change roles. In addition, it can be utilized for employee professional development or as a standard for improvement, among others. In this regard, training and development of employees escalate morale, job satisfaction, employee motivation, efficiency in productivity and hence higher profitability. Furthermore, it minimizes employee turnover, increases innovation, capacity to embrace new technologies and
Did that news release work? News is considered worthy if it has the full attention and approval of the community. Although some news may seem appealing to the writer, it may not receive the anticipated attention from the audience. Some news may get inspired news coverage while others may not. The essay explores the issue of the news release and crosschecks it with search engine Google news to see if it is inspired by coverage or not. Additionally, it analyses whether the news release was effective or not. This easy is based on the article titled, “JetBlue Statement Regarding Crew of Flight 191”. The news can be regarded as inspired news as it appeared in the major newspapers in the world. For example, it appeared on NBC, Bloomberg, Associated Press, and Reuters, among other major newspapers. The news release had an estimated 4890 articles written on the incident. The news release attracted so many media houses around the globe. This is because it dealt with issues concerned with the community like matters of life and death (“JetBlue Statement Regarding Crew of Flight 191” para. 4). The news release was effective. Geer (2008) note that a good news release contains real news and it is usually brief. By real news, it means that facts should be availed which in this case, the company spokesperson came out immediately after the incident to support the claims. A follow-up was also made on the same. The news was brief and to the point hence catching the anticipated audience. McKane (10) adds that a news release should be relevant to be effective. The news release was effective as it attracted the attention of the media. This is because it was relevant, brief, and real. Additionally, was concerned with the welfare of the people. Grassroots or Astroturf? Citizens Against Unfair Health Care Taxes has been described by Source Watch (2009) as a front group created by a public relations company that works with Allergen Inc. It is a coalition of businesses, national organizations, and community groups whose agenda is “to stop the unfair taxation of health care services and prescription drugs in various states (Citizens Against Unfair Health Care Taxes n.d). Its members are Men’s health network, the Council for Citizens Against Government Waste, Americans for Tax Reform, and Allergan Inc. The main sponsor of the organization is Allergan Inc which is a manufacturer of BOTOX. In the recent past, the group has been accused of collaborating with organizations to serve not the interests of the people but that of its financiers. The organization has been deceptive in its operations as it campaigns for corporations and not the welfare of the people (“JetBlue Statement Regarding Crew of Flight 191” para. 4). For instance, Allergen the manufacture of Botox would experience a shortage in sales and profits