ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
GATS and the new world order The global economy is fast changing to take on a new look and create new opportunities for both companies and consumers alike. It is often said that necessity is the mother of invention. The changing paradigm in global trade also emphasizes the dictum. Change in the global economic order was imperative since companies in wealthy countries were finding their home markets very saturated while foreign markets were protected by essential tariffs and barriers that rendered foreign companies effectively less competent to operate in these countries. GATS has today made it possible for companies to transcend borders and barriers and create and exploit new opportunities, thereby contributing to the faster growth of modern-day trade and commerce. This multilateral model of trading system promoted by the WTO has significantly contributed to the economic growth, development, and employment throughout the past fifty years. The very principles embodied in the Marrakesh agreement establishing WTO strongly reaffirm the principles and objectives to assist this goal. Tariff-led protectionist trading regimes are now going down with a fight. Several developing economies were forced to bring down tariff levels and realign their markets and regulatory environments to the average world models. Stipulated protectionist action can now be taken against foreign entities only for proven instances of dumping and protectionist monopoly and destruction of the sector in the operating country. Countries like China have faced the teeth and fists of European trade agencies from time to time while they faced punitive action for such protectionist behavior in the EU market. On the whole, the internationalization of commerce and industry has brought about many positive changes all over the world. It has created new employment opportunities in the developed world and has found new markets in the developing world. The process has substantially developed the industries in developing countries like India and China. While China discovered new opportunities in the manufacturing sector, India reciprocated with its abilities in the knowledge sector. India is one of the largest producers of software in the world and over a quarter of the world’s original investment in R&D is now made in India. While trade in goods and services is flowing across borders, it gave rise to a new industry that came to be called the ‘outsourcing’ industry. The first jobs to come to countries like India and the Philippines were clerical ones. That could be conducted over the phone from long away. But trans-border commerce had its side effects. People who were doing these jobs in the developed countries were losing them. The issue was put under the scanner in many countries and was later dismissed as a reality that was destined to
In history, art, and architecture, the established definition of the Chicago School is used as a generalized term that characterizes the architectural phenomenon of the late 19th century, which greatly influenced the formation of modern American architecture. An association of architects, engineers, draftsmen, known as the Chicago School of Architecture as a major part of Chicago School, has been operating. For the most part, the architect-builder was limited to book samples of world architecture. That is why the buildings under construction were distinguished by shortcomings in proportions and, especially, the lack of classical decoration. It was this very lack of knowledge of classical architecture that was the main condition for the uniqueness of the development of the Chicago School. The Auditorium Theater is a perfect illustration of a design that was created by the cooperation of business leaders and the local artistic community. When it was finished, the Auditorium demonstrated many progressive architectural features of this time, such as the new means of air conditioning and hydraulic elevators. It had incomparable acoustics that many singers considered the best in the world (Pridmore and Larson 110). Not to mention that having 3901 seats was one of the biggest venues in the country. Functional and aesthetically-pleasing, the design of the Auditorium was also democratic, allowing more ordinary citizens to enjoy art. The reason why the given subject is interesting is that the creation of the theater was not only an enormous architectural achievement of the Chicago School only but also an indication of the city’s role as a center of art and culture. It is difficult to confidently state what the outcome of the research will be. Still, it might be that the design of the Auditorium Theater is among the most influential cultural accomplishments in architecture. The answer might be found by analyzing the literature on the subject, and the changes that occurred after the emergence of the Auditorium Theater.
Introduction First of all, it is necessary to mention that network security is regarded to be a rather complicated issue, which can be originally managed and controlled only by experienced IT specialists. Still, with the increase of internet mobility and accessibility, and with the essential increase of wired and wireless communication users, people are obliged to know at least the basics of network security. Despite the fact, that the main actions, aimed at improving the security level, will be performed by the system administrator of the PC network, all the users are obliged to do everything possible to prevent virus or hacking attacks, as well as information and data leakage. Security Improvement To begin with, it should be stated that the concepts of network security and information security are similar, and they are often used interchangeably. Still, there is a difference in approaches: network security is the defense from the outside attacks (e.g. black hat hackers, script kiddies, etc.), and information security presupposes the inward defense (negligence of users, data loss, mistakes made by users, etc). Dean (2005) in her guide states the following: “ One response to this insider threat in network security is to compartmentalize large networks so that an employee would have to cross an internal boundary and be authenticated when they try to access privileged information. Information security is explicitly concerned with all aspects of protecting information resources, including network security and DLP. ” Taking into account, that the upgrade of security system is the project, that should be properly managed, it is necessary to emphasize, that the actions that should be performed for upgrading the security level of the IT network should be the following:   * A strong firewall and proxy should be adjusted for keeping unwanted people out.   * A strong Antivirus software package and Internet Security Software package are the most important part of the security mechanism.   * All the users (employees) should use strong passwords and change them regularly.   * If a wireless connection is used, there is a strong necessity to use a complicated password.   * Physical security actions should be undertaken to restrict access to the material part of the IT network.   * Prepare a network analyzer or network monitor and use it when needed.   * Implement physical security management like closed-circuit television for entry areas and restricted zones.   * Security fencing to mark the company’s perimeter.   * Fire extinguishers for fire-sensitive areas like server rooms and security rooms.   * Security guards can help to maximize security (Flynn & Kahn, 2003). From this point of view, it should be stated that project management techniques would be rather helpful for incorporating this project. Originally, the enlisted actions and recommendations will be helpful only if they are properly planned, and the whole personnel of the company take it seriously, putting aside any representation of negligence. Conclusion Finally, it is necessary to mention that project ma
Teddy Supplies sexual harassment policy that Pollard signed which outlines the terms of the Company towards issues of sexual harassment is very categorical in stating the procedures to follow and conditions when filing a sexual harassment claim. In this section we shall briefly review the circumstances of the case against the sexual harassment laws that governs the workplaces of all the organizations in the United States. The sexual harassment laws are governed by the Civil Rights Act, 1964; based on this Act the employer is given the mandate to put in place prevention measures that would discourage sexual harassment actions in the workplace. Towards this end an employer is expected to ensure the following two issues have been addressed in the work place; one, to take proactive actions that prevent sexual harassment in workplace before it occurs (Larson, 2003). Secondly, to ensure that employees are conversant with the organizational sexual harassment policy that must be enforced by the employer (Larson, 2003). Based on the case study it would appear that Teddy has failed in both these requirements which would potentially make them more liable; this is because the circumstances of the case indicate an existence of a culture of sexual harassment that has been going on for years at the Company’s workplace. The fact that sexual harassment continued to take place for that long indicates that the sexual harassment policy for Teddy was both ineffective and certainly not preventive. But there are other issues to consider in this case; the Teddy’s sexual harassment policy states that a complaint must be filed within three months failure to which the complaint will have been assumed to have been waived by the complainant. From the circumstances of the case, it is clear that Pollard took more than three months to file the sexual harassment complaint. But this condition does not appear anywhere in the Civil Rights Acts which would mean that this conditions will be inadmissible in a court of law during the case hearing even if it is is pointed out. But on the other hand, there is one issue to consider in this case scenario which Teddy can use as their defense; this is because Pollard did not fully make use of the available channels to file a sexual harassment claim. This is because the law expects that exhaustive and complete efforts must have been undertaken by the employee filing a sexual harassment complaint which Pollard never did (Larson, 2003). But at the same time it is clear that Teddy never “took reasonable measures to prevent and correct any sexual harassment behavior” (Larson, 2003). Thus, my assessment is that Teddy will lose this case despite the mitigating circumstances.   * The Civil Rights Act recognizes sexual harassment cases to be into forms; one, is hostile work environment and two, quid pro quo (Larson, 2003). Quid Pro Quo is when sexual harassment is directed towards an employee in such a way that continued job benefits are pegged on the employee continued cooperation in provi
Introduction The considerably biggest news in the past one week is the discussion over the economy of the United States. Though the economy has been a continuous issue in the media, the recent controversy that is associated with one of America’s most popular leader who has maintained his popularity amidst economic challenges makes this the greatest news for me in the past seven days. Analysis Exposing the plight The extent to which media presents news shows a great deal of expertise as realized with the quality of journalism that is offered to the audience. Some of the features of the media include the capacity to supply a large population as realized with some of the media companies such as New York Times and the Washington post that are globally accessible even through the internet. The credibility of the media is also realized from the fact that the media groups occasionally present news of similar content creating the impression that the information from reliable original sources. The media is also driven by the need to present the audience with current subjects that affects the immediate needs of the audience (Environment 1). The news follows a wide dissatisfaction that is being registered among Americans over the deteriorating economic conditions in a majority of states. Though economic issues have always been attached to citizens’ attitude towards political leaders, president Obama remain to be the favorite candidate in a majority of currently conducted polls. This comes amidst reports of massive unemployment in the United States (Zengerle 1). Headlines New York Times The New York Times magazine was in the fore front of the media groups to continue with the analysis of the economic and political temperature. Under the headline ‘Analysis: Weak economy shadows Obama in bright areas’, a review of the economic issues such as unemployment are highlighted to reveal the people and the actual situation that they live in (Reuters 1). Citizens in states such as Virginia and Pennsylvania are for example reported to have given up on hopes of improvement in the economy. Unemployment is sighted as one of the main indicators of the weak economy. The New York Times also enlisted the consumer spending as a factor to the deteriorating economy. This indicator is for instance reported to have had a non positive trend for almost half a year. This weakness in the economy which analysts claim is normally associated with support for presidential candidates is however not reflected in political views as Obama retains favoritism in opinion polls. This indicates the public’s perception that the economic situation is currently independent of political factors (New York 1). Washington post The Washington post had a similar concern over unemployment as revealed in their publication on 29 th June, 2011. Thought the post expressed the fact that the economy has not adopted a positive trend, it reveals the fact that the president has been keen in seeking avenues to help in job creation amid admission that the economy was facing a crisis (Washington Post 1). Aljazeera The economic turmoil in America is equally expressed by other
Introduction The Philippines has vast opportunities for growth and development as the country has shown a significant improvement in the overall political, social, and economic processes. Compared to the previous decades, the rates of unemployment have decreased along with poverty statistics, showing an overall prospective image of the country’s future. However, despite the strong emphasis of the government on income equality and poverty reduction along with the growth of GDP, both poverty and economic and social inequality remain persistent in the Philippines. This paper will explore the economic background of the country with a specific focus on unemployment, poverty, and inequality. Recommendations for eliminating these issues will be made to suggest how the Philippines can decrease the impact of the negative conditions on the population. Historical Economic Context It is essential to offer a context for understanding poverty and unemployment in the Philippines. Immediately after 1945, a brief economic increase could not be sustained for a long time, with food deficits becoming a significant problem. During that time, the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) depended on the export of timber, fibers, sugar, and coconuts to sustain the import of food. Manufacturing was inward-looking at that time, focusing predominantly on import-substituting, with the country’s products intended predominantly for being consumed domestically instead of being imported overseas (Leonor, 2018). High tariff limits negatively influenced inefficient industries while the Philippines’s over-valued currency and artificially low capital interest rates made those industries capital-intensive. These conditions reduced the ability of the country to absorb labor in gainful employment. Farming communities that developed after the end of WWII were economically inefficient areas. The expenditures of the government were focused on big towns and cities while the surplus produced by farmers was taken over by landowners and intermediaries. Therefore, the natural response to the mistreatment of farms was for peasants to move to larger cities, especially Manila, in pursuit of work (Leonor, 2018). With the increase of education migration, the depletion of rural areas and educated specialists caused congestion in cities, thus contributing to open unemployment and other related social problems in cities. Unemployment In 1961, the aggregate rate of unemployment in the Philippines was 8.5%, 6.1% in 1965, and 7.8% in 1968 (Leonor, 2018). The figures indicate a relatively narrow variation band despite the timing of data collection. However, between 1974 and 1978, the unemployment rates ranged between 3.9% and 5.2%, suggesting that employment increased to levels at which the economy could be considered to be “running at full employment” (Leonor, 2018, p. 145). Nevertheless, it is essential to mention that the figures are no more
The Canadian University of Dubai (CUD) was founded in 2006 to offer various degree programs. The “institution is in the heart of Dubai and offers a Canadian-based curriculum” ( Canadian University of Dubai, 2016, para. 4). A wide range of operations is undertaken in order to offer a quality education. CUD collaborates with business experts in the United Arab Emirates and Canada ( Canadian University of Dubai, 2016). CUD undertakes different academic operations such as information-sharing, research, and the empowerment of learners. Targeted Problem Several problems and inefficiencies are identifiable whenever delivering quality information to the learners. For example, the institution fails to deliver quality skills that can empower the targeted students to succeed in the two nations. This malpractice affects more individuals from both a micro and macro-environmental level (Jones & Robinson, 2012). The examinations mainly focus on the economic needs of the UAE. The managerial concepts gained by many learners do not address the cultural values of the two nations. The academic operations executed in this university should, therefore, be adjusted in order to promote the best outcomes (Schneider, 2003). Overcoming the Problem The institution should address this problem by recruiting a competent academic operations manager (AOM). The manager should analyze the ever-changing economic and cultural needs of the two countries. The university will design a new curriculum that addresses the social, cultural, and economic needs of the nations (Mahadevan, 2010). This approach will make it possible for learners to develop diverse skills (Wright & Mechling, 2002). The students will also acquire proper leadership concepts that can support their goals. Every course should be recognized globally. The lecturers should also offer competent skills in English, mathematics, and management (Lewis, 2003). The learners will eventually support the economic needs of many countries in America and the Middle East. Reference List The Canadian University of Dubai. (2016). Web. Jones, P., & Robinson, P. (2012). Operations Management. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Web. Lewis, M. (2003). Operations Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Group. Web. Mahadevan, B. (2010). Operations Management: Theory and Practice. Upper-Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Web. Schneider, M. (2003). Operations Management. New York, NY: Delmar Learning. Web. Wright, C., & Mechling, G. (2002). The Importance of Operations Management Problems in Service Organizations. The International Journal of Management Science, 30 (1), 77-87. Web.
The current paradigm shift in technology has enabled organizations to be effective and efficient (Suematsu, 2004). Organizations can now compete favorably in the market as technology has enabled them to gain a competitive advantage. Decision making in the workplace is now easy and information can easily flow from top management team to the subordinate staff. In addition, the information required can be generated and disbursed across several departments simultaneously. Other than these benefits associated with the adoption of technology in the workplace, technology has other impacts on the quality of work both negatively and positively. Implication of Technology on Work Quality Although the emergence of technology has major benefits, it compromises the quality of work (Suematsu, 2004). For instance, the social media networks like Facebook and twitter are among the leading addictive sites with nearly every employ spending some time chatting with friends and spreading office gossip (Turner, 2010; Balderrama, 2010). This makes technology a problem as employees spend hours that could have otherwise been utilized to generate good ideas that would benefit the organization. Instead, valuable time is wasted carrying out tasks that are not related to office affairs. As a result, the quality of work is compromised; time wasted, and resources wasted too. Office gossips through social networks or spread of rumors and lies may create disharmony in the workplace. Chaos can arise which can easily be fuelled through the social media networks. For example, employees can plan and execute strikes and stoppages through the social media which may compromise the quality of the work (Turner, 2010). Technology adoptions in the workplace jeopardize the privacy of the employees and that of work projects. Through information systems management, information on employees’ private life like salary, home address, marital status, credit card number, and benefits can be stored in the organization database. The information can be accessed from any point in the organization hence compromising the employees’ privacy. In the event that data or information lands on private hands, then the information can be used for malicious issues. Also, technology enables management to monitor all what employees are doing in the workplace. The quality of work can be affected by this as some employees do not perform as required under supervision (Blish & Stiller, 2009). In technology based organizations’ work projects can be jeopardized if they land in the wrong hands especially those of competitors. Some employees may use the available technology for malicious purposes like individual gain, blackmail, or financial gains. Technology ensures that most of information is stored in database or online.