ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Mental illness is entrenched with definite connotations that impede health-seeking behavior in a similar way that it was in the earlier centuries. Despite scientific advancement and advocacy, the remnants of these connotations are still prevalent. When individuals suffering from mental health problems elect to seek health services, most fail to adhere to the treatment regime, while others terminate the services altogether (Conner et al. 2010, 56). Stigma is one of the major factors behind this phenomenon. It is one of the most significant impediments to progress in mental health services and providing timely help to the patients. This paper focuses on stigma, how it affects mental health-seeking behavior and utilization among ethnic minorities. The Definition of Stigma It is imperative to examine the concept of stigma to understand its impact on behavior fully. There are several constructs that are related to stigma. First, stereotypes, defined as characterizations of groups that are developed from some truth, are rigid and global in nature (Murry et al. 2011, 1119). Second, prejudice, defined as attitudes and preconceived opinions, castigated against a social group without their knowledge. Third, discrimination, which refers to treating one group differently from one another by limiting benefits to one group. These constructs are cognitive (stereotypes), affective (prejudice), and behavioral (discrimination). Stigmatization encompasses these constructs but also includes negative characterization to the ‘outer group’ ( Sue at al. 2012, 532). In conclusion, we can say that stigmatization refers to ‘marking’ an individual group as inferior by the majority of a social group. Stigma can either be public or internalized. Public stigma refers to misconceptions and attitudes ingrained into the general public that lead to stigmatization against people with mental illness. In contrast, the internalized understanding of the concept of stigmatization refers to devaluation resulting from the application of negative stereotypes on self. Stigmatization of persons with mental illness is prevalent in the US. (Lindsey, Joe and Nebbitt 2010, 35). Stigma and Health Seeking Behavior in Patients with Mental Illness The correlation between stigma, ethnic minorities, and health-seeking behavior can be best described using the ‘double stigmatization’ approach. Members of ethnic minority groups experience discrimination in all segments of their life. The history of the US is awash with prejudice and discrimination against people of ethnic minorities, such as Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, Native Indians, and Alaska natives. Historical discrimination against minority et
Racism is the conviction that some groups of people with different inherited attributes such as the color of skin or shape of eyes possess certain behavioral traits that make them inferior to the representatives of other races. Racism is not exclusively the US’s problem; it prospers all over the world. However, in the US, this issue remains extremely topical nowadays. The present paper argues that in spite of the fact that a lot is being done to eradicate racism, American society could hardly ever become anti-racist. To begin with, it is necessary to define the concept of anti-racism. In an anti-racist society, there is no place for racial bias and oppression of racial minorities and specific racial groups. What is more, in such a society, all people, regardless of their race, have equal employment opportunities, access to various social services, and education. In other words, in an anti-racist society, no one pays attention to your race because skills, knowledge, and personal traits tell more about a person than his or her skin color. To become anti-racist, it is not enough not to “use the N-word or accept minorities as their friends” (Hoppe 1). Instead, to become virtually anti-racist, a person should undertake some profound actions to fight racism and should constantly be self-aware and self-critical (Hoppe 2). From what is written above, it could be inferred that anti-racism is not about simple politeness because sometimes it might be feigned. Anti-racism is about being free from prejudice towards people of other races and being active in fighting racism. Currently, numerous American activists do a great job of eradicating racism. The most well-known illustration of modern anti-racist social movements is Black Joy and Black Lives Matter. It is curious to note that even artists and singers significantly contribute to this fight against racism. For instance, according to Kim Pham, Kendrick Lamar’s song “Alright,” which was released six years ago, could be regarded as a powerful and creative form of activism (Pham 6). In addition to that, more and more commercial companies and non-commercial organizations implement diversity policies and do their best not to attract candidates of various races. The same tendency could be noticed in schools, universities, hospitals, and even cinematography. The White House has adopted a range of policies directed at advancing racial equity in the government. What is more, the US administration even promotes its anti-racial agenda on an international scale via the United Nations Human Rights Council. Without a doubt, it is a positive sign because these actions mean that at least some people in the country are concerned with the existing problem. At the same time, it could be noted that in spite of all the actions taken, the issue of racism remains immensely topical, and people
Abstract This paper provides a critical exploratory framework of the child maltreatment among Asian Americans. The driving force behind this research is the alarming reported cases of child maltreatment among Asian Americans. The reported cases are disproportionately low since a very high rate of the many types of abuses among Asian Americans is found in this group of Americans. The abuses range from physical abuse; sexual abuse, verbal abuse, and even child neglect are prevalent. The findings emanating from the literature review do indicate the low rates could be as a result of underreporting as opposed to actual incidence. Introduction Most of the studies carried out do indicate child maltreatment in Asian American families is rampant. A big number of these children has in one way or the other been victims of a certain type of abuse. This paper will endeavor to expose the nature of the maltreatment meted upon the Asian Americans, an ethnic minority in the USA. The research will discuss ways the child development professionals should address when dealing with the issue of maltreatment among the children. In the United States of America, there are several ethnic groups that include Native American Indians, African Americans, and Pacific Islanders, among many other minority groups. The research particularly explores the various aspects that surround this maltreatment among Asian Americans. This maltreatment is serious since it has even led to many deaths of these children in some instances. The children experience different maltreatment types. For example, according to information from the relevant departments indicates that in 2010, there were over three million cases of child maltreatment reported. 43 percentage of these were either being abused or even had been neglected (Aten et al. , 2008). Other cases were sexual. In the same year, it was established that 62% of the cases were due to sexual violence (International Labour Organization, 2009). In some cases, the maltreatment led to fatalities that varied according to sex and even race. For instance, in the year 2010, the rates of deaths per every 100000 children were 1. 9% for American Indians/ Alaska natives, 1. 9 for Hispanics, 3. 9 for African Americans and 0. 6 for the Asians (International Labour Organization, 2009). Literature Review Several types of research have been done about child maltreatment. This literature review is going to look into what the various studies have on the issue of child maltreatment among Asian Americans in particular and how the professionals can benefit from any knowledge gained (De Boer & Coady, 2007). Child maltreatment includes ‘child abuse’ as well as ‘child neglect’. All in all, child maltreatment could manifest itself in physical abuse, substance abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, parental substance abuse, among other forms of maltreatment. Statistics have indicated that though child maltreatment is prevalent in the USA, the incidences are particularly higher among
When a company is oriented to globalization strategies, it focuses on overcoming the national barriers in market and industry with references to coping with financial and cultural issues. Today, it is possible to speak about the company’s competitive advantage when the company can operate successfully globally and according to the trends associated with the globalization processes. Fortune 500 firms develop their globalization strategies basing on the local success which once was achieved with the help of the effective use of the firm’s resources. That is why, it is possible to state that the resource-based competitive advantage is the necessary factor for promoting the Fortune 500 firms’ globalization strategies. Competitive advantage is the ability of the company to implement unique and effective strategies which provide the significant advantage over competitors within the industry (Barney, 1991; Barney, 2001). Basing on the modern globalization trends, it is necessary to note that competitive advantage should be supported with references to following the principles of sustainability. Moreover, the company’s capacities are assessed referring to the customers’ interests in the brand. As a result, the Fortune 500 firms create their competitive advantage with the help of the internal resources used. Barney distinguishes between the physical capital resources, human capital resources, and organizational capital resources (Barney, 1991). To succeed within the market, such companies as Google, Toyota Motor, Microsoft, and Wal-Mart focus on using the valuable and rare human capital and organizational capital resources as the main forces. Less attention is paid to physical capital resources because they are more imitable. The success of the company is in developing the unique strategy or approach in order to win the advantage (Barney, 1991). That is why, the Fortune 500 firms work out globalization strategies basing on the resources which are difficult to imitate or substitute. The strong and effective organizations as well as quality employees are perceived as the internal strengths of the Fortune 500 firms. Operational Barriers to Success To operate successfully within the highly competitive environment, companies should concentrate on improving their strategies in order to propose new opportunities, services, and products for their customers. As a result, successful companies should orient to the further movement and be progressive in comparison with their competitors (Gopalakrishnan, Kessler, & Scillitoe, 2010). Being at the path to their success, the company can become challenged by a lot of difficulties or barriers associated with the problems in the company’s advertising, production, communication with customers, organization, or culture. Moreover, the progress of the company is often based on using innovation in technologies and organization. Focusing on the barriers to adop
Introduction Sepsis is the most severe manifestation of various acute infections poses a significant challenge to the healthcare systems around the world. It is one of the leading causes of death in hospital settings and intensive care units (ICU) that is not associated with coronary heart diseases. The frequency of sepsis ranges from 250 to 350 cases per 100,000 patients in countries with advanced healthcare systems (Fleischmann 2016), such as Germany or the USA (Novosad et al. 2016). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the presented case study, give definitions and criteria for sepsis, identify signs and symptoms of septic shock, and give criteria for organ dysfunction using recent academic literature and the provided patient data. Sepsis Definitions and Criteria The Third International Consensus on sepsis and septic shock identifies sepsis as a life-threatening dysfunction caused by the body’s overwhelming and disproportionate response to an infection (Singer, Deutschman & Seymour 2016). For ease of clinical analysis and identification, it is recommended to use the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment table (SOFA). Should the patient receive an assessment score of two or higher, they are considered susceptible to sepsis. Having a score or greater is associated with mortality rates greater than 10%, and ending with a score of 9 or more, which is associated with mortality rates of 95%. Typically, the criteria for the standard SOFA table include the analysis of the following parameters: respiration, coagulation, liver activity, cardiovascular activity, central nervous system responsiveness, renal activity, and urine output. However, the recently implemented screen called the qSOFA offers a different set of criteria for patient evaluation:   * Altered mental state. Slow reaction times, dizziness, forgetfulness.   * Respiratory rate of over 22 breaths per minute.   * Systolic hypotension of below 100 mm Hg. According to the case study, the patient fits the criteria for qSOFA on day 5, with low blood pressure (SBP below 100 mm Hg), high respiratory rate (over 22 breaths per minute), and altered mental state (Glasgow Coma Scale score below 15). However, a retroactive analysis shows that the patient likely developed sepsis during day 2, which is three days prior to the completion of qSOFA (Raith, Udy & Bailey 2017). Signs and Symptoms of Septic Shock The Third International Consensus on sepsis and septic shock identifies septic shock as a subset of sepsis, characterized by severe circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities associated with greater risks of death when compared to regular sepsis (Singer, Deutschman & Seymour 2016). During septic shock, the blood pressure in a patient falls dangerously low, meaning that the cardiovascular system is not providing enough oxygen-enriched blood to body tissues, which often results in organ failure and ischemia (Sagy, Al-Qaqaa & Kim 2013). Symptoms of septic shock include (Mayr, Yende & Angus 2014):   * Reduced temperature and paleness in arms and legs – explained by the lowered blood supply to the limbs.   * Increased or decreased body temperature, caused by inflammation.   * Altered mental st
In the dialogue, The Phaedrus , Plato describes his ideas and vision of human communication, its advantages, and disadvantages. The Phaedrus compares oral and written communication and outlines the advantages of the two forms. At the beginning of the 21 st century, the Internet becomes the main and the most popular form of communication. Thus, it has many limitations and disadvantages caused by the non-personal nature of communication and written messages. In The Phaedrus Plato states that written communication (writing) cannot be considered original, because it, in fact, is repetitive or imitative, and cannot be finally authoritative. In contrast, rhetoric allows a person to communicate more effectively and predict a possible future that has already not been fulfilled at the moment of its prediction. Because writing has the potential of foreclosing thought, it is dangerous. Socrates states: “writing is unfortunately like painting; for the creations of the painter have the attitude of life, and yet if you ask them a question they preserve a solemn silence” (Plato 67). The message sent through the Internet is also nameless and impersonal. Similar to paintings, if a user asks questions written words preserve silence. Plato underlines that an individual must always question the text and never accepts what it says at face value. Moreover, in an indirect way, Phaedrus defends writing as an activity, because of all the attacks on writing made by Ammon, who is a god and thus has no need for writing, and Socrates, who placed himself above writing, show that humans do need writing. Even if the Internet user questions the text, he/she will never receive the answer or response. Plato effectively excludes writing from the highest forms of thinking, understanding, and communicating. Socrates explains: “I mean an intelligent word graven in the soul of the learner, which can defend itself, and knows when to speak and when to be silent” (Plato 68). In contrast to written communication, rhetoric (speech-making) is a better form of communication because a speaker can receive feedback and see the reaction of the audience. Once one does the argument and the analyses it generates are undeniably intriguing. Writing means inscribing speech, thus, making visual a preexisting system of oral communication. In this view, thinking comes first, followed by communication. Writing appears as a species of communication, a species that operates only in the absence of what it represents. Thus, from the moment it appears, writing exists quite some distance from what it Indeed, the continuity of speaking communities depends on constant extraction from speaker to speaker and constant repetition and change of what any given speaker says. Moreover, conversation grafts itself onto other conversations and in turn, has new conversation grafted onto it. Written communication and words can be extremely frustrating in that computers in general and Internet access, in particular, are often unreliable and changing constantly. A strong sense of project ownership, the support that emanates from team cohesion, and the willingness of the use
Introduction/Background The work pressures related to the daily Frontline role of staff nurses make them prone to stress and burnout. For this reason, reflective learning is increasingly becoming an effective intervention for enhancing resilience and understanding of professional practice for improved nurse and patient outcomes (Jack, 2017). The purpose of this evidence-based project is to evaluate the impact of the adaptation of reflective learning on nursing burnout in managing cardiac patients in a coronary care unit of King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Anecdotal evidence based on the statements of student nurses undertaking a clinical placement at the unit formed the basis for this project. The student nurses often complained of stress and burnout during their placement at KFMC’s coronary care unit. High levels of stress and burnout can affect the students’ learning outcomes. The genesis of nursing fatigue or burnout in nursing practice is ascribed to occupational stress, heavy workloads, low staffing ratios, and exposure to trauma/suffering (Khater, Akhu-Zaheya, & Shaban, 2014). Emotional/physical fatigue may arise due to heavy workloads. Burnout manifestations may be high in a coronary care unit because of the high exposure to trauma that causes emotional exhaustion (Khater et al., 2014). Therefore, the intensification of burnout among the student nurses in KFMC’s coronary unit may be related to adverse survival prognosis, exposure to patient pain/mortality, and age (Jack, 2017). Burnout manifestations among the student nurses included detachment and sadness. It is crucial for student nurses and RNs to work in a positive clinical environment for their wellbeing and quality patient care delivery. A strong relationship has been established between nurse wellbeing and clinical outcomes (Romano, Trotta, & Rich, 2013). This implies that occupational burnout or fatigue has adverse impacts not only for nurses but also for patients. Jenkins and Warren (2012) indicate that, in clinical settings, student nurses and staff nurses experience of trauma/suffering and heavy workloads reduce their performance and patient safety outcomes. Interventions that promote self-care have the potential of reducing nursing stress and burnout. Reflective learning, where nurses gain “new insights of the self and practice” from clinical experiences can ensure better preparation for similar situations (Henderson, Cooke, Creedy, & Walker, 2012, p. 302). As such, engagement in reflective learning could offer some protection to burnout, leading to improved nurse wellbeing and patient outcomes. For student nurses, clinical experiences with cardiac patients; however, cardiovascular nursing can be demanding emotionally and physically. Reflective learning, i.e., meditating and analysing individual clinical experiences, can promote workplace resilience and professional development (Foureur, Besley, Burton, Yu, & Crisp, 2013). Nurses working with cardiac patients are ex
Root Cause Analysis Denver production facility is the producer of a wide variety of liquid chemicals and it serves as a part of CAN TECH Corporation. The recent information from the Denver production facility evidence that the very production process, as well as the number of other connected areas, experiences serious issues today and demand solutions. The situation is complicated by the fact that the issues observed in the areas of production, storage, dispatching, logistics, etc. are all interconnected and the issue in one of the areas leads to the problems in all others. The most general issue observed at the Denver production facility is the great number of customer complaints about the quality of the products delivered from the facility. The reason for this is often called the fact that production systems operated at the facility turn out to be out of order from time to time. Moreover, production capacities of the facility are periodically overloaded as numbers of customers arrive at this or that loading center and demand the shipment of the goods according to their order which, however, have not been reported to the facility’s officials in advance. Further on, the exceeding numbers of cars driving from one loading center to another one on the territory of the Denver production facility complicate the traffic of the plant transport and result in the numbers of complaints from the citizens of the neigh
“What do Murderers Deserve?” is a very good essay written by David Gelernter, the writer puts across his views on how murderers should be treated. In the first paragraph he says that a woman who killed two people but was penitent about the same when she was produced in the court but was executed in spite of her being sorry about the whole thing, on the contrary a man who murdered three people and injured many other people including the author, was not executed in spite of being impenitent about the whole thing just because he struck a deal with the justice department. The author’s identity is very important in the essay, he was personally attacked by a criminal and this is why the author wants to ensure that justice prevails in the society, a clear picture of author’s take on what do murderers deserve can be made out from the essay. This paper will throw light upon the views of the author on how murderers have to be dealt with. He presents an argument in his work which is immaculate. He approves of capital punishment and this has been very well put by the author. The author makes a very convincing argument and he also throws light upon the moral aspect of allotting capital punishment which makes his argument even sounder. David Gelernter is flabbergasted by the fact that America has lost all its values and this was why the man who murdered got away lightly just by striking a deal with the justice department. The author argues that there is discrimination in America and the immigrants from other countries are not being treated well, their children are being denied schooling in English schools and there is a lot of bias which exists in the society. He points out the changing trend in America; he says that the innocent people are put behind the bars for child abuse just because some liars give