ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Angela Carter’s writings have the characteristic of a well-defined yet subtle metaphor but are full of imagery. Descriptions are a poet’s dreams. Carter lived up to her dreams and ambitions in her writings. Body Black Venus is a fictionalization of historical characters, prominent among these are Lizzie Borden and Baudelaire’s syphilitic mistress. The main character is Jeanne Duval, referred to as Baudelaire’s black mistress, and who insinuated to have come from Martinique, when it was still under French possession, and slave emancipation was still starting. She also used the names Prosper and Lemee, and said to have come from Mauritius, in the Indian Ocean, or Santo Domingo, in the Caribbean. Charles Baudelaire – Carter said – spent some time in Mauritius. Jeanne met Baudelaire in 1842. The setting is Paris, at the time of diseases, “scabies, malnutrition and ringworm.” Black Venus starts with a picturization of life and a woman’s travails: alone, seeking wealth, or something that can allow her to survive in a harsh environment. Prostitution was very common. And poverty was everywhere. Subtle imagery is what I can first describe this sort of a poetic wealth in Black Venus. Well, Venus is Jeanne, black, or a black beauty, who finds herself being sought for by men because of her profession, the oldest one. But in this job which seems she really enjoys, she finds solace; it’s as if she finds her womanhood in being a prostitute, or someone who works in a cabaret, who dances in front of customers. This was also the time of Bohemian revolution, when everyone, especially the young generation at the time, felt free to do what they wanted to do. Jeanne enjoys dancing naked, as “her necklaces and earrings clinked,” in front of her Daddy, or someone else. She loves the fee. But the prize in the end is syphilis, and the worst kind of syphilis, Baudelarian syphilis, the coveted prize from her Baudelaire. She dances in front of her ‘Daddy’ – a good Daddy who buys her many things – who pressures to take off her clothes. Her dance consisted of “a series of voluptuous poses where following another”, and then a private room follows. “He liked her to put on all her bangles and heads when she did her dance.” (p. 11) “Prostitution was a question of number; of being paid by more than one person at a time. That was bad. She was not a bad girl. When she slept with anyone else but Daddy, she never let them pay. It was a matter of honour. It was a question of fidelity.” (p. 12) Another character in the story is the Poet whom Jeanne respects very much. “She did not feel she was her own property and so she gave herself away to everybody except the poet, for whom she had so much respect to offer such an ambivalent gift for nothing.” The Poet is a co-tenant of Jeanne’s in the apartment, where Jeanne receives customers, and who also owns the pussy cat that the woman wanted to strangle and kill. But when she noticed that the Poet loved her, she changed her plot of killing her. In page 9 and all throughout
Introduction Enron Corporation is an American Energy Company whose main offices are in Houston Texas. The company was formed in 1985 following the merger of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Enron expanded rapidly in the United States and around the globe to become one of the worlds’ largest corporations. With a short period between 1995 and 2000, the company’s revenues rose from $9 billion to 100 billion to the level of making it one of the fastest growing companies in the United States. 1 However, in 2001, it was revealed that the company had misreported its financial status and balance sheets through a systematic, institutionalized, and creatively planned accounting fraud. Following the revelation, the company’s shares dropped from a high of $90 per share to less than $1 per share by the end of 2001. The result was more than $11 billion losses of shareholder investment. When the company revised its financial statements for the previous five years, losses amounting to $586 million were revealed. Consequently, the company filed for bankruptcy on December 2, 2001 (Li 37). 2 At the time, Enron scandal, as it came to be known, was the largest fraud case in the US history. The key individuals and organizations involved in the scandal were the former CEO Jeffrey Skilling, Chief Financial Officer, Andrew Fastow among other executives and its Auditors, and Arthur Andersen. Fraud Risk Factors in Enron Scandal The process of sustaining profitability and ensuring high returns to investors is a major goal for all organizations. The pressure is even higher for publicly traded companies that must strive to ensure that they have a good public standing and reputation in terms of the returns that they can generate to their investors. In the case of Enron, many factors indicate incentive to commit fraud. Incentives or Pressure to Commit Fraud Under the leadership of Jeffrey Skilling, the company adopted a tough corporate and performance-based management approach where employees were put under immense pressure to perform. Those who did not perform as expected were fired at the end of the year. In this case, employees had no option but to do whatever was possible in their capacity to bring deals to the company or to attain the performance that would ensure that they received their bonuses and/or were retained in the organization. At the same time, the company was involved in PR activities and programs that aimed at creating an image of a prosperous company that was not collapsible (Matoussi and Jardak 3). 3 Indeed, Skilling often promised investors 10-15% returns on their investments. This corporate culture opened the doors to fraud, which would take the organization down. Another major incentive to commit fraud was the desire of the executives to protect their reputations as the leader
According to Thomas Hobbes, human nature is driven by social contracts, which refer to a common understanding between people of a society based upon moral standards and norms. Moreover, he states that social contracts are adhered to due to the reason that human beings want to secure their rights. Hobbes, as a tutor of philosophy, has worked largely on understanding and explaining social contracts and their significance in human lives. In his work, he has highlighted moral standards, which are considered important to be followed by individuals in a society to be called civilized society. The adherence to social contracts requires that individuals refrain themselves from doing such acts which are not in accordance with the moral and ethical norms. In a more simplified form, a social contract is the exchange of promise among the members of society. Continuing his discussion on social contracts, Hobbes has mentioned two stories. In the first story, he assumes that no moral, ethical and binding norms exist in the society, and individuals are seeking their personal goals only without considering the implications of their actions. He further states that in such circumstances, the balance in the society is disturbed and individuals with greater authority and influence can fulfil their needs. In contrast, those who are weak remain deprived of their basic necessities. Such a scenario, he states, gives birth to lawlessness and criminal activities among individuals of society. The second story is in complete contrast to the first one. In short, Hobbes points out that disparity would lead to lawlessness in the society, and oppressive behaviour among individuals will be common. On the other hand, if law and morality exist in society, then people will avoid such acts. Moreover, Hobbes also highlight that it is important to understand human behaviour concerning its appetitive self-interest and competitive nature. Almost all people are appetitive and seek their self desires. However, Hobbes’ appetitive self-seeking and competitive human model is further extended to the Darwinian version. Darwinian view, however, can be seen as not completely supportive of Hobbes’ view. According to Darwin, people struggle for existence in the form of a group while in Hobbes’ view, people compete for their existence individually. Human nature is changed according to its different surrounding conditions, and there will be a drastic change in human nature in the future.
Summary Respiratory tract infections represent the group of infections that cause diseases of the throat, lungs, or airways, depending on the type. Thus, respiratory tract infections are divided into upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), which cause diseases of the throat, nose, pharynx, and larynx, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), which cause diseases of the bronchi, trachea, and lungs (Kateete et al. 2010). LRTIs are usually associated with such serious conditions as pneumonia and bronchitis. LRTIs are usually viral in origin, and the pathogens that cause pneumonia and bronchitis include S. pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia (Pesavento et al. 2010). As a result of infections, patients have problems with breathing, and they report having fever and cough among other symptoms. The acute forms of these conditions can cause even the patient’s death if the infection is not treated appropriately (Shrestha, Pokhrel & Mohapatra 2009). In its turn, influenza can affect both URTIs and LRTIs. The H5N1 subtype of the influenza virus can have the most serious negative impact on the patient’s lungs and bronchi (Mishra & Bayer 2013). In this case, the 59-year-old male has the signs of bronchitis. It is important to note that bronchitis is categorized as the LRTI, and the treatment depends on the pathogen that causes the condition. From this point, further microbiological investigation is necessary because it is significant to determine which bacterium causes bronchitis in the patient and prescribe the appropriate antibiotics to address it while referring to the antibiotics sensitivity testing. In spite of the fact that bronchitis can be caused by a variety of bacteria, the microbiological investigation allows determining the specific pathogen causing the disease development in the concrete patient, and the expected outcome is the discussion of the bacterium and identification of antibiotics to treat the disease effectively. Materials and Methods In order to conduct the microbiological investigation, the following materials were used:  1. The sputum sample.  2. Three agar plates: Horse blood agar (HBA), MacConkey agar (MAC), and Chocolate agar (CHA).  3. Gram staining test.  4. Catalase test.  5. Coagulase test.  6. Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) plate with hydrochloric acid.  7. Antimicrobial susceptibility test discs. The first step in the m
Moral issues in business are focused on what actions are right or wrong and how people should behave. The behavior of people in an organization reflects the culture of an organization. It is important to develop appropriate organization culture in business because if people decide to go against the culture of a given organization, the outcome of their actions can create confusion (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Ethical issues on the other hand focus on having consistent principles of proper moral conduct. In all organizations and private corporate there are policies that are laid out for all employees and managers that dictate how they should behave. These policies sensitize employees of the problems they might encounter and also direct their actions towards responding to those issues while business is in progress (Weiss, 2009). By informing employees in advance the organization reduces the chances of failure. Organizations have reported failure by employees in delivering the expected results simply because employees were not aware of the problems they might encounter. Some organizations hold seminars and workshops to sensitize their employees on organization. They also make it mandatory for employees to sign an agreement regarding there adherence to the organization’s policies before they are hired. According to Weiss (2009), one of the most common problems in business world is lying. Most employees opt to lie due to the stiff competition in satisfying customer requirements. Organizations value ethics in business because they shield the organization from law suits incase of a mistake that might violate customer rights. It is therefore clear that unless the employees stick to their respective organizations ethics liabilities will always occur. Ethics in business world refer to how individuals should behave themselves in an organization. Ethics in business are very important because they are used to hold a business entity responsible for its actions. This is because all businesses operate within social environment and any good or bad actions will impact on the immediate business environment (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). There are several methods that can be applied in ethical decision making. But first one needs to consider if the decision to be made will affect one individual in an organization or the entire organization. If the decision concerns one individual in an organization then there is no need to involve the other members of the organization. In this situation decision making becomes a one man show. The person in question should draft options that are necessary in order to remain afloat regardless of the situation at hand. It is therefore advisable f
Introduction The contemporary era is characterized by new developments that keep on changing with time. The need to be updated has been satisfied by the vast news agencies available today. The broadcast of news is conveyed via channels such as the television, radio, and the social media among others. The messages delivered to the public come as news intended to inform recipients of new developments pertaining to an issue that has an impact on society. The news could be reports of a new disease outbreak, a disaster, war, or even impending natural calamities. The reception of such news has the potential of eliciting fear among the public depending on one’s understanding or relation to the news spread by the media houses. However, there could be some underlying issues that may facilitate the news media to portray the story in a fearful manner. This paper will examine how the media generates unnecessary fear to cover up other contemporary issues. Fear Glassner brands news magazines, politicians, television, and advocacy groups as “peddlers of fear” (72). He further suggests that the agents of news broadcasting go ahead and influence the masses towards spending millions of dollars in a bid to cater for the fear and worries evoked by the news. In this regard, more Americans today live in fear than they did in the past. The perceptions of danger in the contemporary world have surpassed the actual level of risk and danger involved or imagined. The implication of this aspect is that people live in a world where they expect the “Breaking News” pop-up on the screens of their television sets to appear at any given time. Therefore, people tend to be alert and considerate of any information communicated from the various news casting agencies. The public invests money, time, and energy as people strategize on how to deal with such fears propagated by the news media. The media shares sensational stories that grasp the attention of the viewers, readers, and listeners, thus evoking fear to some degree. The sensational stories come with captivating headings that persuade the audience to seek more information on the topic under discussion (Graber 180). When the public is bombarded with the sensational stories, ratings are expected to raise popularization of a particular story amongst the public, hence consequently generating more revenue for the agencies. The sensational stories then start trending, thus resulting in increased reads, views, and comments on various platforms administered by the news media. The underlying issue could be to rake in profits out of blog visits, sales increase for a particular product or service, and increased circulation of a particular news magazine. Consequently, the masses become fearful at the expense of the news spread by the media houses that may have some underlying agendas they intend to accomplish. According to Glassner, this aspect gave rise to the concept of the media effects theory (28). News of drugs, disaster, and crime tend to elicit fear whe
The increased use of technology and the interference of social media in people’s daily lives changed some aspects of relationships between employers and employees. While the country actively promotes free speech rights, people face multiple challenges when their personal opinion could have a negative effect on someone’s interests and wealth. The article discusses why Twitter as a social media network and the content people publish there for private purposes pose a potential danger to the employer. One of the main ideas mentioned in the article explains why the private account of employees are now viewed as a threat by businesses and organizations. The article features an opinion from lawyer Rafael Gomes, who explains that employees reflect the inner values of the business that employs them. In my opinion, if association with the company is the sole reason for the employees’ dismissal, the problem could be solved by the company’s increased level of security and protection of employees’ data. Alternatively, the problem could be solved by improving the corporate culture and educating employees on offensive topics and adverse outcomes of relevant social issues, such as sexism and racism. On the other hand, I believe that the issue is connected with social media’s harmful and toxic environment and the newly developed cancel culture. For unknown reasons, the audience of social media often wants to diminish all privileges and achievements from a person who made an offensive comment or has a mindset that does not suit modern standards. Lately, the social media audience has judged many famous actors and singers for their comments and tweets from more than ten years ago. In my opinion, all social media accounts have plenty of compromising evidence or statements that the public could interpret in a wrong way. Therefore, I think that interference of social media in the professional aspect results from a much bigger problem of cancel culture. On the other hand, cancel culture resulted from increased amounts of personal information on social media. Thus, if companies and organizations do not want to carry the consequences of their employees’ actions on social media, they could develop comprehensive training on social media and privacy for employees. Creating such programs would allow employe
Introduction The pleasure principle is a drive to behavior and thoughts which seek pleasure and avoid negative emotions. While Freud recognizes this, he suggests that the principal does not solely dominate mental processes since that would be impossible. Therefore, psychological analysis implies that there is a continuous opposition between the pleasure principle ( eros ) and the aspects that go beyond ( Thanatos ) which are death and repetition. This demonstrated a major turning point in Freud’s perspective that all human action is based on libido but rather a complex interaction of life and death. Freud offers specific examples of beyond the pleasure principle which as children’s games, recurring dreams, self-harming, and repetition compulsion. Main body It was particularly interesting to read about the repetition compulsion that Freud observed in his grandson. Re-enacting an inherently traumatic event, even as a game, as a manner of feeling control over a situation we experience is traumatic is at the same time self-destructive but therapeutic. Freud could not categorize repetition compulsion as a premise of the pleasure principle and deduced it to be a separate aspect. Freud’s observation in the beyond the pleasure principle served as early research into therapies and psychological state for conditions such as PTSD that are well-known in the modern-day. Conclusion Ultimately, all these elements of the beyond the pleasure principle beginning with a child’s game to self-harm and recurring dreams are examples of repetition compulsion. It is a psychological technique that relieves the pressure of the trauma, no matter its extent, from a mother leaving her child for a few hours to veterans of a horrific war. However, it may also be an opening to self-destructive forces which lead to masochism. Overall, the principle represents a dual nature of man which strives for pleasure and to an extent good and love, but also a side that is seeking to die and destroy.
Physiological Consequences and Health Risks of Excess Body Weight Description of Concrete Experience I am 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighed 175 pounds when I was diagnosed with hypertension. In the year 2003 at the age of 33, I was diagnosed with high cholesterol and high blood pressure. By then my cholesterol results were 260 and an average range of 140 -200. My blood pressure was 159/101. My cholesterol LDL level was high and I had to take Lipitor medications to lower my cholesterol. I am also taking Lisinopril to reduce my high blood pressure. As of January 2011, I have lost a considerable amount of weight and I weighed 145 pounds and my cholesterol was 231 with an LDL “bad cholesterol” of 120 (range 0-129) and HDL “good cholesterol” of 99 (range 41 – 89). My blood pressure is back to a normal reading of 119/ 89. Reflection I was quite shocked when the doctor gave me the results and an ultimatum that I was to work hard to reduced mu cholesterol levels to less than 200 in three months and that included taking Lipitor. This news was scary because the doctor also indicated that my triglycerides were too high and they were increasing gradually. This made me reflect on the members of my family who have suffered a cholesterol problem some at a very early age. This made me less optimistic about the ability to lower my cholesterol level but I took up the challenge. Lipitor is the prescription drug that I was given and this is normally used along with low-fat dieting to effectively lower the low-density lipoproteins which are often referred to as the bad cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. On the other hand, the drug can raise the High-Density Lipoproteins, the good cholesterol. Generalization/Principles/Theories I was also taking Lisinopril which an Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to help me in the management of hypertension. The drug acts very fast and within one hour I always felt its effects and it takes 12 hours to be eliminated. Together with the Lipitor, the two drugs greatly reduced the risk of me developing a heart attack, stroke, or any other cardiovascular problem related to LDL and hypertension. Testing and Application My doctor made me understand that having LDL and being obese would have increased the risk of developing heart problems. I was hypertensive already with 260. By lowering the level of cholesterol in my body, I have reduced the risk of heart attack that results from coronary heart disease which in turn develops because of high cholesterol in the blood. The risk is reduced by a factor of 20-30%. This means that those people with more risk factors like a family history of the disease, obesity, smokers should be more watchful of their cholesterol levels. Current Nutritional Theories and Recommendations for Maintaining Healthy Weight Description of Concrete Experience Developing the best answers for me in trying to reduce and maintaining a healthy weight has not been easy. Essentially, I understand that for such matters, there is never a one-size-fits-all approach that can be applied for several situations like mine. The different circumstances change and so does the approach of weight management