ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Technology had revolutionized the way complex health conditions are handled and managed to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. Clinical researchers are leveraging technology to innovate novel approaches that seek to enhance accessibility and patient-centered care. This paper is a critical review of three research articles on the use of assistive technology in pediatric-acquired brain injury. The first article focuses on the use of a mobile phone application in the self-management of pediatric concussion, while the second one majors on professionals’ views on the use of smart technology to support children with acquired brain injury. The last article is a review of the available literature on technology-assisted rehabilitation interventions after pediatric brain injury. Brief Summary of the Current Research According to the first article, mobile applications could play an important role in the self-management of pediatric brain injury. According to Wong, Sinclair, Seabrook, McKay, and Ponsford (2017), mobile health (mHealth) technologies are some of the best platforms for the self-management of different health conditions because they are ubiquitous, have high computational capacities, and are accessible to many people. The authors of this article created a native app to promote self-management after pediatric brain injury. Participants who used this app during the study rated it highly in terms of its usability and functionality. In the second article, Plackett, Thomas, and Thomas (2017) sought to identify, from a “health-care professionals’ perspective whether smartphones are used by children and adolescents with acquired brain injury as memory aids; what factors predict smartphone use and what barriers prevent the use of smartphones as memory aids by children and adolescents” (p. 263). The researchers established that over 75 percent of the participating healthcare professionals supported the use of assistive technology in the management of acquired brain injury among children and adolescents. The last article, Wade et al. (2018), through literature review, established that the commonly used technologies in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children include mobile apps, robotics, web-based programs, and gaming systems. In addition, the authors concluded that technology-assisted interventions following acquired brain injury played an important role in pediatric rehabilitation after TBI. Critical Review of the Current Research The first article by Wong et al. (2017) offers valuable information concerning how mobile phone apps could be useful tools in the self-management care following TBI. The authors developed a prototype mobile phone app from scratch and recruited part
Introduction The hospitality industry is highly competitive with new players coming up and old ones developing new working strategies or approaches; to be competitive in the industry mostly in an international market, then there is need to have strategic decisions and ensure that scientific methods of decision-making are adopted (Schrage 2010). Latin American countries are offering a good market for the hospitality industry thus Burswood Entertainment Company, an Australian base entertainment company wishes to venture in Brazil. In Brazil, the Burswood may offer Casinos, Sauna, massage parlours, restaurants, Gyms, bars, hotel, golf course, day spa, and nightclubs among others. Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and offers low barriers to entry. Despite the favourable entry environment in the country; a market entry strategy need to be developed; an effective entry strategy assists a company tap the new market potential successfully. When developing an internal marketing entry strategy, a company need to undertake an external environment analysis using situational analysis tools like P.E.S.T.L.E, which includes Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological and Legal environment of the country within which the business operates and an internal analysis using analysis tools like S.W.O.T. It involves critical identification Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a company. The analyst then develops strategies of converting weaknesses into strengths. Through pursuance of the opportunities for the business, the analysis reduces prospective threats of the company. This paper undertakes a P.E.S.T.L.E. analysis of Brazilian market and S.W.O.T. analysis of Burswood Entertainment for the purposes of the company’s expansion. Burswood Entertainment is an Australian based entertainment industry that has various entertainment industry modern facilities, they include Casinos, Sauna, massage parlours, restaurants, Gyms, bars, hotel, golf course, day spa, night clubs among others; it is situated in Swan River near the city of Perth, Western Australia . The company has a strong brand name and wishes to diversity its services and line of business to Brazil. When in Brazil, the company will aim at offering similar services but will be offered by Brazilians who have undergone training and hand on experience in Australia; however for the introduction stage of the venture, Australians will be the main service provider so as they can set pace for the business. In order to reduce cost of labour however, the company will deploy the local Brazilians in both non-managerial and non-technical positions. Within a considerable time of operation in Brazil, the company will train the locals in order to equip them with relevant skills for the business and enable them to take up these positions to reduce cost of importation of human resources. Political Environment Government stability The country has a democratic governance policy with three main arms of the government, the States, the Municipalities and the Federal District, each of the arms work for the general good of the country. The country has all its e
Introduction Science plays an important role in everyday life, and people depend on technologies in a variety of ways by creating, using, and improving them regularly. Sometimes, a person hardly notes how inevitable the impact of science can be on personal or professional life. Evaluating such technologies as the Internet, smartphones, notebooks, smartwatches, and brain-medicine interfaces helps recognize their positive and negative outcomes compared to the period when traditional lifestyles and natural resources like ginger were highly appreciated. Part I: Science in Personal and Professional Life Most people are confident in their independence and neglect multiple technologies that determine their lives. During the last 25 years, technology has dramatically changed human interactions (Muslin, 2020). In addition to domestic technological discoveries like washing machines and stoves, four technologies, namely, the Internet, smartphones, notebooks, and smartwatches, are used throughout the day. Despite their evident advantages in communication, data exchange, and connection, some negative impacts should not be ignored. Regarding my personal life changes, these technologies provoke mental health changes such as depression. I prefer to avoid my dependence on all these technologies that imperceptibly shape everyday activities. However, I constantly check my vitals, messengers, and calls not to miss something important. On the one hand, this idea of control helps improve my life and makes it logical. On the other hand, I am concerned about such relationships with technologies in my life. Similar negative impacts on society emerge when people prefer to communicate virtually instead of paying attention to reality. Technologies compromise social relationships because individuals are eager to choose something easier that requires less movement or participation, neglecting their unique chances to live a real life. They also challenge even the environment because either smartwatches or notebo
Situation After her arrest, Johnson is charged with numerous offenses against the Drugs Misuse Act 1986 (Qld), including trafficking, production, possession (drugs, substances, things, suspected property, etc) and permitting the use of place. She is also charged with manufacturing offenses against the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), the Weapons Act 1990 (Qld) (s50), and against the Criminal Code 1899 (s340(1)(b) serious assault). Shortly after her arrest, she is brought before a court and makes an application for bail. Johnson knows that the evidence against her in relation to most of the charges is strong. Johnson decides to plead guilty after hearing the prosecution evidence at the committal hearing. Her lawyer negotiates with the prosecution about the exact charges to be included in the indictment and eventually her case is committed to the Supreme Court for arraignment and sentence. Whether the court should grant Johnson bail or not In my opinion, I think that Johnson should be granted bail, in spite of the numerous cases against her. The Bail Act 1980 states clearly the several conditions under which a defendant may be granted bail. The court has to consider several conditions before granting bail. For example, the seriousness of the case in question is a factor to be considered. If the court finds that the defendant has been supplying drugs to minors, the mentally handicapped, to persons under rehabilitation, or to people who have no knowledge that they were consuming drugs, under these circumstance, the crime is considered grievous and bail may not be granted. Otherwise, the court may grant bail even without the defendant depositing money as security. It would largely depend on the seriousness of the case (Mirko and Kenneth 158). In the case of Johnson, we are not told if she was supplying the drugs to minors or mentally challenged persons and neither do we have any evidence that the drug users never knew what they were consuming. The assumption here is that of a willing buyer vs. willing seller and as such, I am of the opinion that Johnson should be granted bail. Secondly, if in the opinion of the court, a defendant is seen to endanger the lives of others or will interfere with the evidence if granted bail, then the court will not grant bail. The welfare of the public is paramount and always given a lot of weight when deciding to grant bail or not. Since in this case we are not given any evidence that Johnson would pose a security problem to members of the public or will interfere with the evidence, I am of the opinion that Johnson should be granted bail. All the evidence gathered is with the police and Johnson will not in any way interfere with it. The act also says that whenever it is not practicable to obtain sufficient information for purposes of making a decision as to whether to grant bail or not due to lack of time, the defendant may be remanded without bail, until such time as w
Introduction I believe that every person has peculiar talents that help him/her reach his/her goals, build a successful life and help other people. On the other hand, he/she often has to struggle against negative ideas and behaviors to fully and successfully apply his/her abilities. This essay is devoted to my experience of overcoming the problem of negative thinking with the help of the technique offered by Prochaska and Diclemente. Having walked through six stages of this program, I managed to bring the positive change into my behavior and get the habit of being a positive thinker. Negativism is a human spirit that can be defined as a deplorable plight connected to whining, in the aim of finding an excuse for a situation. According to Chansky (2008), negative thinking is comparable to complaining that negates human happiness and obscures progress by causing confrontation cynic and apathetic feelings. However, the key to overcoming negative thinking is understand that it has the essence of an addiction. Stages of Change Model According to the American counselling association (ACA) (2011), the process of counselling requires some mental, physical or psychological measures to address well-being, personal growth, pathological development or career growth. The counselling programs have to be systematic, effective, and cognitive in addition to need for behavioural interventions. Considering that negative thinking can be also considered an addiction, it is reasonable to apply this approach in struggling with it. It took me four months to go through Prochaska and Diclemente’s “Stages of Change Model”: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Below, I describe the essence of each stage of the Model and describe my experience of fulfilling it. Pre-Contemplation The first stage of change model, which is pre-contemplation (Thombs, 2006), implies that one is not aware of the problem or is ignorant of the behaviour that requires change. At this stage, a person is not thinking seriously about any form of change being not aware of the problem. He/she may notice that some problem takes place in the course of his/her life but perceive it as an impact of certain external factors and not show interest for any form of assistance. He/she may also try to defend “negative thinking behaviours” failing to recognize their effects and the necessity to make an effort to cancel them. For a long time I did not admit I was a “negativist” and called myself a “realist” highlighting that one’s life is full of problems and troubles he/she is not able to avoid. I paid much attention to the problems that took place in my life and lacked enthusiasm when my first attempt of fulfilling some task failed. Therefore, I did not take resolute steps and avoided working on tasks that seemed difficult to fulfil being afraid of a failure. My self-esteem was low despite evident achievements in studying and extracurricular activities, as well as successful communication with friends and acquaintances. Thus, at that moment, my slogan was: “Let it be anyone but me”. Contemplation The second stage is contemplation: a person is aware that the negative
Cross-cultural relationships often seem difficult and sometimes even barely possible due to numerous differences in the worldview and the perception of objective reality by its participants. Constructivism, which allows envisioning cross-cultural interactions as the process of communicating ideas and perceiving responses through the lens of one’s socio-cultural background (Lawson, 2013). Defined as a change from the notion of learning into the perception of the global processes from the perspective of an individual, Constructivism plays a tremendous role in locating and analyzing trends in relationships between different cultures, which can also be applied to the context of the Middle East (Finnemore & Sikkink, 1998). However, herein lies the trap of succumbing to stereotypes that have been reinforced by the application of Constructivism. Nonetheless, the issue of stereotyping can be avoided once the idea of deconstructing the social narrative and using the obtained knowledge in further discourse is introduced to the conversation. Applying the proposed scenario to the Middle East setting, one will have to note persistence as the main property of local stereotypes. Due to the long-lasting legacy of local cultural traditions, abandoning stereotypical ideas and accepting new knowledge becomes rather challenging for residents of the Middle East, which may cause conflicts and even launch a series of confrontations between the participants of a dialogue once stereotyping takes a particularly offensive shape (Sterling-Folkner, 2006). To address the problem of relationships in the Middle East, creating a diplomatic approach that will
Nike is a very well known company around the world. It is one of the most recognizable brands in any part of the world. This paper analyzes the company to uncover various facets of its operations and to get a glimpse of its overall strategy. Vision and Mission The vision of Nike is to “bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world” (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011, p. 12). The company has a threefold mission. First, the company seeks to perpetuate the legacy of innovation established by its founders (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011). Secondly, Nike aims at providing athletes with the shoes they need to maximize their potential (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011). According to the founder, an athlete is anyone who has a body. Thirdly, the company seeks to become dominant in the market as a means of creating value for its shareholders (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011). It also seeks to create business opportunities that can help it to achieve its vision. Strategic Goals The strategic goals of any company play a very important role in its growth. These goals give a company focus and helps it to determine how best to allocate available resources (Burns, 2011). The case study shows that Nike had one strategic goal. The company wanted to raise $23 billion in revenues in the 2011 fiscal year (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011). Such goals in organizations usually translate into the sales targets in the marketing plan for that specific duration. The three main aspects of the strategic goals set by Nike came from three principles. First, the company set itself to ‘pursue the greatest growth opportunities” (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011, p. 13). This principle affected how Nike looked at the market. At any time, a company must know which market segments hold the most promise in terms of growth opportunities. In addition, the company must decide on what growth means. Growth may mean increasing its market share, or increasing its revenues. The second principle guiding Nike’s strategic goals was “leveraging Nike’s resources and capabilities” (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011, p. 13). Every company has resources that it can commit to growth. However, it takes careful planning to find out how best to deploy available resources to achieve the greatest impact. Nike must have realized that it was not enough to allocate resources to strategic ventures. Therefore, it made the decision to optimize its resource allocation practices to achieve the best results. The third principle used by Nike when developing its strategic goals was “serving customers with premium products and experiences” (Ali & Al-Aali, 2011, p. 13). Nike began operations as a retail outfit. This foundation made customers its basic priority from inception. The founders interacted with customers at close quarters and learnt a
The element of cost reduction is imperative when the non-profit organization has to work with limited resources. Social media has the opportunity to cut costs for the non-profit organization because it is technology-driven. The use of social media allows for faster information sharing while lowering the cost incurred during participation and coordination. However, the organization has to adopt social business strategies that positively drive fundraising; expose low-cost opportunities to market products as well as the opportunity to reorganize product components competitively. Being a relatively liberal platform, the use of social media like Facebook do not surcharge to gain exposure among the target audience and double as an advocacy tool to champion issues that are of interest to proponents. About exposure, the use of social media will allow flexibility to popularize within the wider social market without extra cost. To maximize their use of social media platforms, organizations need to be smart and creative. Take, for instance, enhancing flexibility in their engagement by being more informal or intimate thus enhancing the opportunity to raise awareness; link with opinion-makers and stakeholders as well as market their brand (Baird and Fisher 2005, 5). Social media foster collaborations across organizational boundaries because of the spatial online connectivity and access at relatively low cost. Non-profit organizations can use the opportunity of extensive reach to constructively collaborate with the audience and enlist suggestions or comments regarding their operations. The audience will not pay any special fee for their suggestions or comments but only ordinary online access charges. Social media have opportunities that are not restricted to a particular social group. This means the use of social media as a cheaper option, an organization can tap from social capital regardless of whether the source is an individual, family, school, club, or a collection of individuals. Social media provide an equal chance for those accessing to easily communicate and interact in cyberspace within the existing personal and professional networks as well as create new links. This means social media is an indefinite renewable resource so long as membership is maintained but at no additional cost. Non-profit organizations can reach graduate school students via social media to participate in their operations as part of their market campaign (Donlevy 2003). Being an online interactive platform (that is, read-write web), social media provides a low-cost opportunity for non-profit organizations to use in publishing and reaching out to a wider or global audience (Lea et al. 2006, 121). A non-profit organization
Socrates                        Plato                                                                                                  Aristotle                                                         Logic and Argument in Philosophy  Influenced by Pythagoreans      Advanced Dialectic approach to logic                                                                   Created new arguments for valid inferences                        Methods of Acquiring Knowledge    Not much positive contribution  Knowledge is a true belief which can be achieved by ascending the world of ideas                       Knowledge can be obtained by conscious and controlled observation Love                              N.A                             Love is experienced by using fair forms, fair practices and fair notions which brings sense of beauty  N.A                                                               Existence                         N.A                             Real experiences imply existence while sensations are not real existence                               Plurality of independently existing objects and substances         The logic of today as construed by the common man is not the same as what is understood by logicians. Logic as understood by Socrates was to some extent influenced by the Pythagoreans since he practiced the dialectic methods in investigating the objectivity and authority of the different propositions. Plato had further contributed to advancing the dialectic approach to logic in being highly impacted by the Pythagoreans and had further consolidated the basis for geometric evidence and its validity. Plato applied several logical dialogues and principles that were rudimentary. However Plato’s logical principles often confused the logical principles with metaphysical propositions, but since this was quite normal amongst the Greeks, Plato is not found to be at fault in this regard. As regards Aristotle, understanding of logic is found to have become different from the previous philosophical disciplines. Aristotle created his arguments in philosophy that could have valid inferences drawn and which proved to be highly popular during the 19th and 20th centuries. The layman of today is yet not able to understand the philosophical notions behind knowledge. Inappropriately being in line with the sophist traditions, Socrates was quite a skeptic and disbeliever since it is difficult to identify his dialectic methods for assessment of the dialogues regarding his ideas of knowledge. This prevented the establishment of positive arguments and in this regard, Socrates is considered to have leveled negative arguments. Plato is considered to be more articulate in this regard since he considered knowledge to be of immense priority in the World of Ideas. He claimed that knowledge should be understood as being a necessary and true belief because if two people have different opinions, they cannot both be true. Anything wrong cannot be called an entity of knowledge. Plato believed that one’s experience of a material thing cannot be taken as knowledge since the thing is only known as a f