ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary I was a team-lead manager in a rather small IT company, which specialized in mobile applications development. The company has run several projects using agile scrum methods therefore there were eight teams assigned to specific tasks. I led a small team of copywriters, who were working on mobile game materials. Our main responsibility was writing various articles necessary for the development and marketing teams of the project. While we were working on the product, the head of the company and the executive director had to take an eight hours long flight halfway around the world to conduct crucial negotiations. Before departing, they compiled a list of prescriptions for each team so that production could continue while they were absent. My team was instructed to finish working on the papers needed for the development team to proceed with the project. As the product owner and the director flew away, the work continued at its normal pace: I came to my office, held every day blitz-conference with my team, and proceeded to work. Suddenly, our head of marketing, Ethan, came and told me that he had work for my team to do. He seemed to be very happy while telling me that he had arranged a profitable advertisement program for our project with a famous gaming publisher. Afterward, he instructed me that my team and I must urgently start working on an article for the commercial. I was in complete shock not knowing what to do, as my team had a direct order from the product owner to finish working on technical papers by the day. We simply did not have enough time to complete both tasks. I tried to tell Ethan that I was not able to fulfill his request now, as my team had other work to do, but he did not seem to care. “That article must be on my table by the end of the day,” he said leaving the room. As soon as he left, I decided to call the product owner to explain the situation and ask if my team should, indeed, write that article immediately. Unfortunately, I realized that both the owner and the executive director were on a flight and I would not be able to reach them until the next day. I knew that prioritizing such time-consuming tasks was out of my hands. However, it seemed to be th
The Fish is a poem authored by Elizabeth Bishop. The author uses language to attract the attention of the readers. She also manages to express her feelings through imagery in her literary piece of work by employing similes, descriptive language, and adjectives. These literary devices culminate into a precise mental image of the occurrences in the setting. This poem figuratively describes several events that culminate into the main message that the author communicates to the reader. The speaker describes an encounter on a fishing expedition using a rented boat. Several events culminate into the events that are finally revealed in the poem. The speaker in the poem managed to trap a large fish. The fish is rather old since algae and barnacles are growing on its outer surface. The fish is strong and powerful enough to fight for its life. The speaker analyzes the fish and wonders how much energy the fish had used to resist being caught. The size and the age of the fish make the narrator to respect the creature. The narrator compares herself with the fish due to the struggle that each one of them has to make in the deep waters. She acknowledges that she has been fishing for many years and the boat is symbolic of the fish. She becomes emotional and eventually lets the fish to go. If she had not taken her time to study the fish, she could have never imagined how much struggle the fish has undergone in order to avoid being trapped by fishermen for several years. She ended up appreciating the struggle for survival undertaken by the old fish. She equates herself to the fish because both of them have been striving to survive against all odds. Her boat was old and spilling oil although it was still running. This is the moment that changed her thoughts. When she stared into the eyes of the fish, it immediately created an emotional trigger that culminated into the moment of revelation. The narrator experienced three revelations as a result of her detailed analysis of the fish, the boat and herself. The first revelation was based on how she described the outlook of the fish. The latter was old as apparent from the outside look. However, it appeared to be rather strong. The body was covered by layers of algae and had lines of bruises presumable sustained after escaping from fishermen traps. This created an image of the fish as a vital part of her life since it symbolized struggle to live. The fish was made to appear as an important image in the fishmonger’s life. As a result, the fishmonger ended up creating a mental picture that related the fish and real circumstances of life. The author has largely managed to personify the fish. She uses possessive nouns such as ‘his’ that attempt to a humanly picture of the fish and how daily struggle to be alive is dominant feature. She handles the fish, looks straight into its eyes, and admires the appearance of its face and the jaws. This makes the narrator in the poem to be attracted to the fish emotionally. The emotional attachment between the fish and the narrator intensifies as she compares the struggles the fish has endured to hers. The struggle that has been endured by the fish makes the narrator to
Introduction Inequality has been a feature of human civilization and for centuries, there has been the very rich and the very poor. However, modern day society has strived to do away with inequality with an ideal society characterized by equality being envisioned. These ideals have failed to be realized and inequality continues to be rife in the world. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2008) documents that the gap between the very rich and the very poor has in fact widened over the last few decades. This inequality is not limited to any country and it affects the developed and developing nations alike. This paper will argue that there will never be equality in the world; there will always be very rich and very poor people. To reinforce this assertion, a review of inequality in the USA and Nigeria will be done. Inequality that exists with regards to aspects such as education, health, and access to resources will be reviewed. Inequality in the USA and Nigeria Both the USA which is a developed country and Nigeria which is a developing country exhibit high levels of income inequality. The OECD (2008) ranks the United States as one of the countries whose economic prosperity has resulted in an even more increased gap between the very rich and the very poor. Oluwatayo (2008) on the other hand asserts that there is a high level of income inequality in low income Nigeria. There are various reasons for this wide income gap in these two countries. Technological advances have played a part in raising inequality levels in both the USA and Nigeria. Due to technological advances, there has been the increase in technology which has resulted in some workers being laid off as they are replaced by machines which are more efficient. The majority of these workers are low-skilled which means that they are unlikely to find better jobs. The US is mostly affected by this since many companies seek to automate their processes so as to increase productivity and reduce cost (Ashby& Sobel 2007). Even so, Nigeria also has the same problems since industries in the country are also modernizing and automating many of their tasks. Another cause of inequality is the lack of access to credit facilities by the poor. In the USA, a person has to have a good cred
The process and outcomes of the Cold War identified the political and economic development of Latin America. While the internal actors played a great role, external factors included the environmental conditions of the political process, such as socioeconomic, sociocultural, and ethnic-demographic. In the given case, these are economic and political processes that influenced the actions of Latin American politics, which were impacted by globalization processes. The fall of the Soviet Union and the associated crisis of the left movement at the end of the XXI century was another factor that influenced political views in Latin America. Internal factors involved changes in the subjects, forms, methods of the political struggle of left radicalism, its ideological foundations, and tactics. These factors in the evolution of diversity politics included fidelismo, communism, and peaceful coexistence, which affected the Latin American region. In the conditions of the Cold War, namely in the middle of the 1940s-1970s, Latin America was the arena of the struggle for the spheres of influence of the US and the Soviet Union. It should be noted that the period under study is also characterized by an active phase of the revolutionary movement in Latin America, which led to the victory of the left (socialist) movements in Cuba (Latin America in the era of the Cuban Revolution). When discussing this period in the history of Latin America, it is necessary to take into account the characteristic features of the region that are associated with its specific political culture. Namely, this region tried to preserve its independence and balance between the two dominating and powerful countries. On the one hand, the US policies ranged from military invasions to progressive developmentalism, and the main idea was to tie Americas and make them act as a united front. On the other hand, the Soviet Union tried to achieve domination and control in Latin America. In Latin America, leftist ideas and radicalism had strong roots, which occurred due to the existence of deep contradictions in the socio-economic and socio-political spheres of society. A great influence on modern left-wing organizations in countries of Latin America had the contribution of Ernesto Che Guevara, the Cuban revolutionary. He entered with criticism of the countries of real socialism and argued that with the decisive role of the individual in history, it is possible to accelerate the process of revolutionary transformations, even in the absence of material conditions (Latin America in the era of the Cuban Revolution). This activist considered the basis of the revolution to be the agrarian reform, which meant the transfer of land to the peasantry. Any use of capitalist mechanisms, including goods as an economic unit of society, profitability, personal material interest as a lever of development, was considered to be fraught with the degeneration of the revolution. Accor
Introduction Information is a major aspect of all organizations and business firms (Brooks, 2006). This information is in terms of strategic plans, organisation’s financial outlines, consumer database, investors’ information and returns on investments. Others include suppliers’ information, intelligence information collected from competitors and employees’ information. This information forms the core of any firm and its security greatly determines the survival of the organisation in the market. As a result of this, technological revolutions especially in information technology (IT) are vital to many organizations. Many organisations struggle to fit into the dynamic and changing market within which they operate. Breach of security as far as information is concerned may greatly affect this adaptability. As a result of this, several information security and technological frameworks have been formulated to address the issue. These are frameworks such as ISO 38500 that allow managers to directly access and control this information. In this paper, the author is going to discuss two main information frameworks namely the Control Objective of Information and related Technologies (herein referred to as COBIT) and IT Information Library (herein referred to as ITIL). The two are IS/IT governance frameworks. In addition, the author will shed light on some technical aspects of the frame works and an analysis of companies that use these frameworks. Control Objective Information and related Technology (COBIT) Overview Control Objective Information and related Technology is an international framework for information technology (IT) governance that helps managers to address daily business challenges in terms of technical issues, regulatory compliance and business ideas. They are able to strategically address these challenges and in the process able to achieve the organizational goals (ISACA, n.d). The main objective of the framework is to control information and enhance security of sensitive data as well as IT governance. The first edition of COBIT was launched in the market in 1996 and the latest version dubbed COBIT 5 will be made available in 2012. This version is set to incorporate the features of earlier versions of COBIT and other products of ISACA. COBIT version 4.1 has 34 high level objectives that are streamlined from 215 control objectives of the management. The four major domains that COBIT deals with are planning and organizing, acquisition and implementation, delivering and support as well as monitoring and evaluation (ISACA, n.d). These domains improve IS/IT governance in a business firm by enhancing the security of information and analyzing the risks that the organization’s information is exposed to. COBIT provides a common language through which managers and IT professionals can communicate. This is given the fact that it has an aspect of ‘sharing knowledge’. The toolset operated by the framework supports IT by defining and aligning the goals of a business organization with those of information technology. Struc
Introduction The growth and prosperity of any business organization depends on its commitment to value creation to its customers, employees and the investor. According to Backer (2008, p. 102), value on the part of the customer is the satisfaction they get after purchasing a given service. This is usually demonstrated by the customer’s willingness to continue getting their services from the selected service providers. Bateson and Hoffman (1999, p. 97), on the other hand, define value as the ratio of quality to price of any given service. The problem of measuring quality of a service influenced Bruhn and Georgi (2006, p. 90) to assert that value is a perception by the customer that some services are more valuable than others. Customers will always compare the services they get with the amount of money paid for the services. For instance, if a customer thinks that he or she has paid more for a service, the service is perceived to be of a low value. In this particular way of customers acting as the prime determinants of the value of a product or service, it sometimes becomes hard for organizations or individuals engaged in the manufacture of goods, or those extending services to consumers to be sure that what they
Introduction Expanding the possibilities of providing timely medical care is one of the main objectives of introducing eHealth technologies. The case study by Currie et al. (2015) offers a rationale for the benefits of this approach to community engagement and assesses potential barriers to implementation. According to the authors, eHealth technologies are an effective solution to address the health needs of older patients living in rural areas (Currie et al., 2015). Individual conditions, particularly the level of social contacts, are decisive in accepting this innovative program by the target audience (Currie et al., 2015). This paper aims to analyze intervention outcomes, assess the specific conditions and challenges of optimizing care procedures, and identify prospects for the future of eHealth technologies. Challenges of Adopting the eHealth Program The analysis of the case study shows that implementing the eHealth program was accompanied by challenges that were traditional for medical employees’ work in rural areas. Among a number of constraints on the effective organization of program principles, Currie et al. (2015) highlight the “complex health needs” of the target population (p. 2). As rural areas tend to be more populated by older adults, the workload for health professionals is increasing due to more frequent health problems in patients of this age. Another difficulty to mention is the high cost of caring for dispersed populations living in rural areas. According to the researchers, lower population density is directly correlated with the time spent on interacting with as many patients as possible (Currie et al., 2015). As a result, unlike urban territories, rural areas require longer work to establish contact with the population. In addition, travel time to patients is increasing, and this factor is essential to consider because, despite the possibility of remote interaction with medical providers, older people still need occasional face-to-face appointments. Financial barriers are among the challenges affecting the sustainability of the eHealth program. As Currie et al. (2015) argue, due to fiscal constraints and economic challenges, healthcare professionals are forced to look for new, less costly ways to engage with the public. Since funding for rural health facilities is often unstable and differs in level from that in cities, care delivery models have to be adapted to existing capacities. All of these difficulties relate to the general principles of program implementation and are more likely to have been anticipated when planning the intervention. The distinctive perception of the value of the program in question among the target audience is a more specific issue. Currie et al. (2015) hig
Introduction Psychologists have guidelines that determine their behavior and direct their actions. These guidelines must always be respected to ensure psychologists offer quality services to clients. Even though there are professional guidelines regarding this aspect, few service providers adhere to them, and this exposes this profession to criticism in the manner in which its members perform their duties. Personal Frameworks and Boundaries The human mind is capable of formulating policies and guidelines and, at the same time, developing excuses for not observing them. Constitutional laws, work policies, and religious guidelines have been abused by people, especially those held in high esteem by society (Corey 2011). Psychologists must develop frameworks that will help them to manage boundaries between their services and clients without compromising their performance. This will enable them to distinguish their professions from issues of conflict of interest when doing their work (Fisher 2009). The following is a framework that will allow them to uphold high moral and professional ethics at their places of work. First, they should develop a hierarchical framework that will ensure everybody is assigned roles that reflect their academic qualifications and experiences. This will ensure no one offers all services to a client. As a result, this will reduce the chances of secret relationships and private affairs in an organization. Workers should be assigned specific roles, and division of labor should take center stage in ensuring that a client does not remain confined to services offered by one person (Fisher 2009). This hierarchy should be respected, and all policies regarding it must be followed to ensure everybody participates in service delivery. This will ensure workers participate in offering their services to all clients without biases. Secondly, there is a need to develop policies that will enhance transparency in service delivery to ensure that everybody is able to observe what is happening around them without asking about it. Even though some medical oaths demand that patient’s information should be kept as confidential as possible, and this is not restricted to sharing information between medical staff (Corey 2011). An example of this policy is one that will ensure all information regarding clients’ problems is recorded in a data system that is accessed by all members. All staff performing similar duties or in the same departments should have access to their database systems. This will ensure they are able to monitor how their colleagues offer their services. Thirdly, there is a need to develop forums where workers can share their experiences without fear of victimization some emotional issues may be challenging to manage by individuals, but when this issue is given collective attention, it becomes easy to solve the underlying problems. Therefore, a psychologist should have opened forums to discuss the issues that may not necessarily be within their professional ethics but are nonetheless influential in their activities. Moreover, managing healthy boundaries between psychologists and their clients can be achieved through the e
The article is titled “What Do Women Want? A Qualitative Study of Dating” and it focuses on the issues of nonverbal communication during courtship. The authors of this study are all university tutors who are interested in the subjects of communication and gender issues. The research for this study focuses on the dating habits of a group of forty-five young women. Dating is a process that is subject to various aspects of communication. Most dating practices occur between individuals who have similar traits and interests. Therefore, communication is major factor in the course of courtship practices. On the other hand, it is necessary for individuals who are involved in dating practices to understand their mates so as to avoid instances of conflict. The authors of this article note that their study highlights issues of conflicts that arise among young women regarding “what they want, dating realities, desire for traditional behavior from the man, alcohol use, sexual arousal (hers and his), indirect communication about sex, feeling ‘obligated’, and enhanced self-esteem” (Noel, Ogle, Maisto & Jackson, 2014, p. 1). The complexities surrounding the dating practices of young women require a heightened understanding of the communication dynamics that dominate this process. The article begins by outlining an overview of courtship and its basic standards within the context of Western culture. Furthermore, the authors of this article seek to address the behaviors that pertain to sex and expressions of romance. Nevertheless, the article notes that dating is a crucial step in the establishment of romantic relationships. Consequently, the communication that takes part in the initial stages of courtship is quite important. The definition of ‘dating’ is restricted to relationships that are defined by sexual overtones. The authors of this article took time to explore and define the concept of dating. The article points out that a breakdown in communication during the dating exercise can lead to misunderstandings. These misunderstandings are the cause of various harmful outcomes such as sexual coercion. The article also points out that in instances of open communication, dating is a pleasant activity for most young women. A full understanding of the dating process among young women requires the comprehension of the attractions and risks that dominate courtship practices. The article’s research questions involve finding out “what attracts women to dating, what women expect from the dating process, and how women attempt to achieve their sexual/relationship goals” (Noel et al., 2014, p. 4). The article highlights several new and important concepts of dating among women including sexual coercion, the effects of alcohol among dating women, and the female psychology. The article breaks down the research questions that guide the authors’ research. Most of the research questions that were used in the course of this study sought to establish the non