ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The contemporary society of the United States is a product of five centuries of immigration and the subsistence of aboriginals. The ancient European occupation of the lands adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean in the 1800s triggered forcible resettlement of some of Native American communities. This was a race and ethnicity struggle that took about 300 years to settle. Scores of immigrants streamed to the country after the first European migrants and survived, albeit through generations, past the twentieth century. Some people preferred to live in the place; others were forced to settle there. The origin of major populations that moved into the United States were the whites who originated from Europe. Shortly after, slaves of black decent were forced into the country from African regions that boarded the Atlantic Ocean. Between 1870s and 1890s, east European, Latinos, and Asian communities had joined the mainstream whites. These developments indicate how race and ethnicity defines the history of the United States. According to Showalter (89) white Anglo-Saxons were the mainstream population during the American Revolution of 1775 to 1783; however, this welcomed a mix of races to a great extent. The expressions race and ethnicity connote the multiplicity of the American society that today is one of the most diverse in the world. The contemporary American society of different races manifest in physical looks, such as the hair, feel, and shape of the eye as well color of the skin has transformed to enjoy almost similar cultural practices. On leadership issues, conventionally, the most influential offices in the United States were occupied by the mainstream whites. The judiciary, for example was filled to the brim with juries, attorneys, and prosecutors, with white decency. Most minority communities had to wait until the mid twentieth century to be represented in influential positions. In view of this, race and ethnicity is an important aspect of the US history that defines how the society treated racial minority groups in the country. Minority groups Based on the population census held in 2000, almost 30 percent of the entire population in the country believed they fall under minority groups (Dan, Todd, and Lan, 331-341). This rising racial diversity of the United States population, triggered debate on whether the country’s mainstream population was ready to exercise tolerance and allow minority groups into influential positions in the society. Regardless of the hundreds of years that different communities have stayed in the country, ethnic origin and ancestral roots have remained significant to individuals seeking public offices in the US. Though ethnicity is not a logical expression, it remains an imperative social tool that influences education, earnings, politics, and criminal inquiries in the US. An individual’s race is recorded on different documents issued by the government. Such documents include official document for recording births, driver’s licenses, student identification, and crime records. Although, this information is vital, it is not beyond reproach since many American citizens are half cast (Dan, Todd, and Lan, 331-341). Nonetheless,
Introduction The two articles highlight the prevailing issue of employee theft in the retailing industry. Some of the giant retailing companies such as Amazon have been developing mechanisms to eliminate theft among workers in their stores and warehouses. However, it is not easy to eliminate employee theft in the retailing industry because there are limited options for monitoring the employees throughout their shifts. Employees in the retailing industry in the United States account for about 48% of the revenue losses incurred by their employers, and this is quite worrying because the associated losses are passed to the consumers through price increments to recover the shrinkage. This paper looks into employee theft as reported in the referenced articles, with a close focus on linking the information with the concepts reviewed in the course. Main issues Regarding Managing Employee Theft The primary issue highlighted in the articles is the fact that there has been a prevailing issue of employee theft in the retailing industry. Employers are aware that there are various months when their sales increase tremendously, but this period is also associated with the highest shrinkage levels. Employee theft is seen through stealing products and money, and this is mainly instigated as the employees interact with the consumers, as well as when they are on duty in the warehouses (Eidelson and Soper). Employees account for more than $18 billion loss for retailing companies annually (Fisher). Companies such as Amazon have realized that their employees are the main instigators of revenue loss, and they are looking for innovative ways to discourage the behavior because there is no available mechanism to monitor the employees to ensure that they do not steal. Relevant Concepts/Theories The highlighted issue can be clearly understood by employing Frederick Herzberg’s model of motivation. The theory reveals that enhancing the level of satisfiers in the workplace results in an increased level of positive behavior among the employees. Dissatisfied employees are bound to engage in defiant behavior in the quest of gaining the attention of their employers or filling the voids caused by the dissatisfying elements. In this case, employees who engage in theft at the workplace might require better compensation and benefits to satisfy their financial needs. The concept also relates to Professor Elton Mayo’s human relations theory, which provides a clear guideline of the need for employers to develop a relationship that facilitates mutual needs for the members of the organization. Employees are major stakeholders in the retailing industry, and as their employers marvel in huge margins, it would only be ethical for the employees to access better payment. This would ultimately eliminate the temptation to ste
Introduction The desire for authentic leadership exposes contemporary communities to servant leadership. That is why the servant leadership topic dominates many management studies and research worldwide. Business people, for example, study servant leadership as a potential arsenal for attracting and retaining talents for competitive advantages. Social settings also perceive servant leadership as the decisive way of promoting social cohesion and harmony. Such necessitates investigating the fundamental tenets of servant leadership from reliable sources like the bible, where Jesus provides the best example of a servant leader. Therefore, the present work examines the relationship between servant leadership’s principle of servitude and Christ’s teaching in the Gospel of John 13: 1-7 in a bid to shade more light on the matter. The discussion thus applies the periscopes of John 13 to realize its purpose. The general social-cultural texture analysis is also utilized to appraise the connection between servant leadership’s principle of servitude and Christ’s teaching in the selected gospel, together with their applicability in contemporary societies. Worldwide Leadership Search Leadership plays a substantially vital role in a community’s success. From Adam to the present-day man (man as a species name), humans’ struggles to realize better leadership are immense. All forms of administration through history, for example, imply the human’s desire to realize better administration. Communism, socialism, democracy, humanism, dictatorship, deism, imperialism, colonialism, and communal living are all forms of leadership applied by humans worldwide. However, all these forms fail significantly to deliver utopia to the populations. People believe that a world without power struggles and other leadership-related ills is possible. That is because God’s nature, present in all humans, exhibits an experience with authentic leadership and harmony that people enjoyed in Eden. Warren (2021) says that understanding the relationship between heaven and earth is critical in appreciating humans’ desire for order, which individuals throughout history seek. The world is a colony of heaven, and, naturally, the human spirit desires to experience what it once experienced in heaven. That is why the search for true leadership is natural among humans. Servant Leadership in the Periscopes in the Gospels of John 13:1-7 The Gospel of John provides servitude as the fundamental principle of servant leadership. The seven verses contain a parable with deep insight and meaning for persons intending to become real servant leaders. The doggerels prescribe a Christ-like behavior key to inform the actual development of servant leadership among all humans. John 13: 1-7 starts with Christ already in Bethlehem, the point where He is to be persecuted and rendered to His challengers by one of His twelve leadership trainees, disciples. Jesus is in the company of all His disciples during the evening meal. He then picks
Introduction Fire is referred to as quick oxidation of a substance in the exothermic combustion process, which yields light, heat, and different reaction materials. A flame was an observable part of the fire that produces radiant burning gases. Fire incidences resulted in physical destruction. Nevertheless, the fire could also be beneficial since it could be used to get heat, signaling, momentum, and catering tasks. Negative impacts of fire consisted of soil erosion, environmental pollution, a hazard to the ecosystem, and water pollution. This paper examined a fire incident, which occurred in India and influenced the concerned authority to reform fire codes, to ensure fire incidences got prevented and minimized. Fire Incident in India “In Delhi town, two expensive vehicles and different products got destroyed, and four people got injured in a Saree shop due to the fire outbreak” (Coleman 2). The fire incident happened after the Auditor and Comptroller General released its audit of the fire brigade operation. The Comptroller claimed that fire safety measures became insufficiently upheld in several building structures in the Capital city. The fire incident started in the Saree shop at 3:15 pm. Fire brigade officials established that the fire began as a result of an electric short circuit. The two vehicles, a Honda and Audi models, were ruined during the fire outbreak; however, nobody died. Another fire incident occurred in a similar building during the previous year because of an electric short circuit. Many household materials such as sofa sets, cupboards, etc got ruined. “Shop attendances received minor injuries, while seven people got trapped within the third floor of the house” (Reger and Ted 40). Fire tenders went quickly to put off the fire, and casualties eventually survived. Change of Fire Codes The fire incident, which happened at Delhi city in India, influenced the Ministry of Special Programs to review protection measures of fire incidences. Fire codes meant standard codes used by the local jurisdiction, which became enforced by the fire brigade officers. Reger and Ted viewed that fire codes were a set of regulations prescribing measures on how to eradicate explosion and fire hazards emanating from the use of dangerous items (45). Fire brigade official established fire codes to eradicate fire incidences to ensure that the provision of essential training and effective use of household devices were adopted. Fire brigade personnel reviewed the fire codes to ensure that the constructors did not compromise building safety measures. Fire codes aimed to maintain and inspect the use of different fire protection items to sustain active fire safety measur
Using the similar test rig and identification method, bearing force coefficients are identified in Ref. [3, 4] for an oil-lubricated flexure-pivot tilting-pad bearing at load-between-pad (LBP) and load-on-pad (LOP) configurations. To eliminate the effects from the test rig structures, such as hose connections and pitch stabilizers on bearing force coefficients, the baseline impedances, which are derived from the baseline tests at zero rotor speed without oil supplied, are subtracted from the impedances obtained for each test condition. The experiment data near 60 Hz (electric frequency) and rotor spinning frequency are not included due to the extensive vagueness caused by the electrical noise, shaft run-out, and remnant imbalance excitations. The identified bearing force coefficients correlate well with the predictions both from the classical Reynolds equation modal and a bulk-flow NS equation modal [5]. San Andrés and Delgado [6] have identified the force coefficients in a squeeze film damper with a mechanical end seal. Two orthogonally positioned electromagnetic shakers deliver independent single frequency load excitations to the bearing housing. The structural support stiffness and system residual damping are estimated from impact tests without the mechanical end seal and lubricants. Further, the dry friction force and corresponding equivalent viscous damping coefficients are evaluated through single frequency excitations with the seal installed but without lubricants. Finally, with the seal mounted and lubricants supplied, the force coefficients of the squeeze film are obtained after subtracting the equivalent force coefficients including structural stiffness, system remnant damping, and dry friction. With the transferal of load excitations by external excitatory to stators, the excitation forces, frequencies, rotor eccentricities, and bearing response amplitudes can be adjusted easily. Therefore, the frequency-dependent bearing force coefficients at various bearing loads and eccentricities can be obtained. However, this method requires complicated test rig installation and expensive test instrumentations, which limit its extensive application in the industry. Compared to the identification method with external exciters, the employment of synchronous excitations induced by calibrated imbalance masses for the identification of bearing force coefficients is quite a simple method. If the added mass coefficients are ignored while using low viscosity lubricants, only two independent imbalance tests are required for identifying all the weight-bearing force coefficients—four stiffness coefficients and four damping coef
Identity in life is a central thing that starts from childhood up to the culmination of an individual’s life. Gender identity refers to individual’s awareness or logic of being a man or a woman and one of the most essential and obvious characteristics of the individual’s self-concepts. Its function in the adolescent growth and development has been essential as the youth get to understand and identify themselves in ways, which were not applicable during their young age of childhood. More particularly, the capability to reflect on someone’s thoughts and therefore, on one’s self, increases a new view of self-discovery, especially of someone’s sexual identity (Huffaker & Calvert, 2005, par. 2). This paper focuses on the factors of gender identification and gender roles. Gender identity that refers to an individual conception of oneself as female or male has a linkage to the idea of gender role. Gender role refers to the outward expression of personality, which mirrors the gender identity. Gender identity is self-identification that results from the combination of intrinsic/inherent and environmental or extrinsic factors. On the other hand, gender role, is expressed within the community through visible factors like appearance and behavior. For example, if an individual believes she is a female and she is okay with her personal gender, then she can be termed to be a female to bring out the aspect of gender identity. However, her gender role is female if she only displays specific female characteristics in dress code, behavior and morals. In summary, gender identity is the outward manifestation of the gender role (Ghosh, 1994, par.2). The development of gender identity is through a process of separation or differentiation that include several factors like; social, cognitive learning and interactions of biological factors, which happen from time to time. Differentiation refers to mostly structures that are the same, developing in different ways as they rely on the influence of additional factors. Examples of biological factors include prenatal hormonal setting and genetic complement. The physical features of the male and female fetus are similar for the first one month but after the sixth week of prenatal growth, there are some differences. As the development continues, several influences bring the distinct between the two sexes. The process starts in prenatal stage with the chromosomes that can determine the sex, fetal gonads development and the effect of hormones on the unborn child and effects on the brain. At birth, the social labeling of all infants is either a boy or a girl depending on
Introduction Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition distinguished by a reduction in dopamine levels in specific sections of the brain. Signs of the disease include tremor, tautness and the inflexibility of the muscles as well as sluggishness of movement. This paper is a response meant to educate a patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease on the causes and treatment of the disease. Causes of Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease arises when brain nerve cells that regulate body movement are gradually damaged. These cells (neurons) often create a crucial chemical referred to as dopamine, which acts as a messenger and transmits signals to different areas of the brain from the substantia nigra (Jankovic & Tolosa, 2007). When the neurons are damaged, there is a shortage of dopamine, which leads to difficulty in movement. The disease is also linked to clumps in the brain known as Lewy bodies, which are protein in nature. These clumps inhibit the normal brain functioning. Although a few cases of Parkinson’s can be traced from inherited genes, most cases appear sporadically. Most studies show that Parkinson’s disease is caused by environmental and genetic factors (National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions, 2006). Exposure to toxins such as pesticides influences the rate of progress of the disease. Treatment Though there is no specific cure for Parkinson’s disease, certain medications offer substantial relief from the symptoms. The prescriptions for Parkinson’s disease are grouped under three basic categories, which include drugs that boost dopamine levels, drugs that affect neurotransmitters and drugs that relieve symptoms not evident in movement (Ronken & Scharrenburg, 2002). The patient can be administered with levodopa, which helps in the regeneration of dopamine. Levodopa is taken together with a drug called carbidopa. Carbidopa postpones the transformation of levodopa into dopamine up until it gets to the brain to reduce any side-effects of levodopa. Levodopa enables the patient to live a reasonably normal life for an extended period of time and lowers the tremors as well as other mobility complications. Conclusion Like many other degenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease is not easily treatable. However, there are medications and therapies that alleviate the symptoms associated with the disease enabling the patient to live a normal life.
Abstract Aviation security is one of the most important concerns for the management units of major international airports around the world. The need to ensure the safety and security of passengers, cabin crew members, planes, and airport facilities have become greater than ever before because of the increasing relevance of air travel and the emerging threats posed by criminals and extremists. This paper focused on investigating aviation security at regional and international airports and what the local airport authorities can do to enhance it. The researcher collected secondary data from books, journal articles, and reliable online sources. Primary data was obtained from a sample of participants. The findings from both sources show that the aviation sector faces numerous threats from terror outfits, criminal organization, and cyber attackers. Although local airports in the United Arab Emirates have not been subjected to serious attacks, the study recommends that the authorities should remain vigilant. Introduction The United Arab Emirate has one of the rapidly growing economies in the Middle East and North Africa region. According to Earley and Mosakowski (2016), the government has made deliberate steps to ensure that the economy is highly diversified to reduce overreliance on the oil and gas sector as the main driver of the economy. One of the main sectors of the economy that has registered an impressive growth in tourism. The city of Dubai has emerged as one of the top destinations for global tourists, especially those from Europe and North America. The heavy investments that have been made in this area and improved security have boosted the city’s tourism sector. According to a report by Drabek (2014), Dubai is also the leading business hub in the region. Companies from the Far East and Europe consider it a gateway to Africa and the regional market in the Middle East. The trend that is taken to diversify the economy of the country is crucial in ensuring that the country achieves sustained growth. The government is assured that the country’s economy will grow even after the rich oil reserves are depleted. The impressive economic diversification that the country has enjoyed is largely attributed to the improved air transport in the region. Dubai International Airport is one of the leading global airports. Planes from and to various parts of the world can land and take off from this airport. Most of the airlines serving the African market use this airport as the first stop when travelling to North America. The Abu Dhabi International Airport is also playing a crucial role in the movement of goods and from and to different parts of the global market. As Taneja (2016) observes, the impressive economic growth and diversification that has been witnessed in the country are largely attributed to the successful aviation system in the country. The country’s major airports have never suffered major incidents such as a terror attack or de
Introduction The discussion in this paper is centered on women’s suffrage and examines the views of Professor Erika Kuhlman, Professor Laura Woodworth-Ney and Professor Eric Foner on this matter. Women’s Suffrage Erika Kuhlman and Laura Woodworth-Ney have expressed similar views on women’s suffrage. Their findings have cast a lot of light on various issues affecting women. Kuhlman has made a great contribution to the research work on the history of women’s roles in the society. She has garnered a lot of knowledge on the experiences that women underwent in the past. Both Kuhlman and Woodworth-Ney have held the stand that women have rights to equality. This comes out well in their work with Kuhlman being more pronounced than Woodworth-Ney. Kuhlman, in one of her publications titled Of Little Comfort: War Widows, Fallen Soldiers, and the Remaking of the Nation after the Great War, has fiercely opposed the views that wars did not affect the home front. She has argued that wars equally affected women in the same manner that soldiers in the battleground were affected. This has been viewed as a factor that gave women a right to actively engage in policy formulation through voting as elected leaders formulate policies which directly affect every person including women. Woodworth-Ney has expressed similar views as Kuhlman in regard to the role of women in building the nation. In one of her books , Women in the American West, she has shown how women made substantial efforts to the progress of the nation. Specifically, she has argued that women played a significant role in building the nation and yet remained invisible to history. It was because of the contribution of women towards building the nation that voting rights for women had to be recognized. In general, Kuhlman’s and Woodworth-Ney’s comments on women’s suffrage and equality in general are greatly similar. They have presented similar examples as factors in the enactment of wo