ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This report covers the excavation site on the North Fork of Long Island. Due to the limited amount of information and the focus on essential facts, I will be writing as a post-processual archaeologist. The theory of post-processual archaeology emerged as a critique of its predecessor, processual archaeology (Holland-Lulewicz, 2021). The previous tendency in this discipline relies strictly on the scientific method, centering on the environmental impact on the people’s living conditions and their choices in movement and goods’ acquisition. Thus, it requires using scientific data to establish the connections between discovered materials and items, as well as their place in one’s life. In contrast, the post-processual method puts the apparent objectivity of the scientific method into question and calls for a combination of environmental forces and culture as impactful on society. Thus, in this particular report, the interpretation of the findings discovered during the excavation is strictly subjective, based partially on the existing knowledge of similar sites and the regional specificities. The point of view will be enriched with potential ideas of what the found objects could signify in both materialistic and cultural ways for the community that might have used them. Thus, many of the details that could pertain to the group that likely occupied the excavation site territory are assumed and discussed from the point of theoretic exploration. The site under investigation is situated near a paved road on the North Fork of Long Island. Its approximate dimensions are ten by ten meters, with one side being shorter (7.6 m) due to the curvature of the road. The excavation has three levels that were investigated (excluding the surface level). Level 1 is a layer of silty loam, Level 2 is mostly sandy loam, and the lowest excavated Level 3 is loamy sand, although a thin vertical strip of silty loam penetrates all levels. Additionally, between Levels 2 and 3, there is a large feature of ash, ash being also dispersed throughout the area. Finally, Level 3 also contains a significant shell midden concentrated in the northwest of the site. The present report is structured to consider three main areas of exploration. First, the dating of the levels and items found in them will be presented. Second, the purpose of this site will be considered, combining the known information and the post-processual theory. Third, the report will examine the potential sources of subsistence for the people inhabiting the area during the periods corresponding to the level of excavation. Finally, the picture of the site when it was still in use will be described, reporting on the possible importance of preservation. Dating As noted above, the excavation results available for thi
Introduction (clarification on the purpose of the study) An eating disorder is a type of illness that causes severe disturbances to the everyday diet : an individual can consume to much food, or, on the contrary, eat very little; consequently, it causes distress or concern about boy weight. Common eating disorders include Anorexia, Nervosa, Bulimia nervosa and Binge – eating disorders. Anorexia disorder It is characterized by the symptoms that follow:   * Extreme thinness.   * Intense fear of gaining weight   * Lack of menstruation among girls and women   * Extremely restricted eating Bulimia Nervosa disorder   * It has the following characteristics:   * Frequent episode of unusual eating large amount of food.   * Swollen salivary glands (Myers, 2009)   * Severe dehydration. Dinge – eating disorder It occurs as a result of over eating and therefore has the following symptoms:-   * A person losses control over his weight.   * Regular periods of eating are not followed. A research has shown that all mentioned disorders affect girls and women mostly. (Beins, 2004) Population of Internet Teenage girls and women who are still young adults are the best targets for the survey. A research has shown that women all over the world are affected by mass media mostly (Mcneill, and Chapman, 2009). Millions of people, especially our youngsters, forget their own make up. They begin to perceive themselves as substandard over time and they need to be reminded that each person is beautiful in his/her own way. Therefore they should avoid duplication of pictures in television shows. Assess resources Research has indicated that most teen girls mostly budget on their boy shapes and design. In the long-run, they end – up in heavy weight problems which is not healthy. Similarly, it is found that most of them have acquired personal facilities such as :- Computers (Laptops and Ipads) Digital phones and cameras The above facilities have enabled them to access the Internet everywhere, even while on their journeys. Consequently, this has facilitated adoption of the life styles they want. Images of women on body weight Research has clearly indicated that most women are adversely affected by media adverts, television productions and major motion pictures alike. They will therefore begin to practice different lifestyles while abandoning that of their own. (Eysenck, 2004). During questionnaire filling of the research, a researcher posted the following questions.  1. How many teens can feel free to express themselves/ and how many teens can become a critical viewer?  2. How many teens and young women perceive themselves as substandard? And how many teens will like to depend on mass media advertisements and television productions to adopt new eating habits. The results between options (a) and (b) shocked the researcher in that option (a) was rejected by majority of teens while option (b) was selected to be most appropriate by majority of the teens. This indicated that the vision of women and teenagers of eating habits and body wei
Introduction Marketing is an essential strategy used by organizations to attract customers and establish lasting relationships with them. It comprises various activities, inclusive of promoting, selling, and delivering products to clients. The medium of advertising determines the number of potential consumers reached as well as the sales a business makes. This essay evaluates the factors which influence the selection of advertising medium, the advantages and disadvantages of using television in marketing, and the media which can be employed to advertise mascara. Advertisers consider the firm’s objectives, nature of the products, and potential markets. Businesses’ advertising and general purposes vary, which may include informing, persuading, or reminding consumers about a product or a service. Equally, the organizations may be aiming to create prestige and enhance sales and profitability (Kotler et al., 2017). The nature of products or services determines effective promotional media. For instance, digital and television advertising is the most appropriate marketing channel for the products which require demonstration. Companies need to identify products’ potential markets, which are defined by such features as population, interests, age, gender, level of income, and geographical regions. Indeed, the media chosen by marketing agencies vary depending on products’ nature, targeted market segment, and the objectives for promotional activities. Moreover, advertisers need to factor in such elements as the cost of the medium, audiences’ class, and extent of coverage. The budget for promoting products and services varies across and within media. The amount charged must be within the total a company is willing to pay for an advert (Kotler et al., 2017). Notably, marketing through radio and televisions is likely to be more expensive than when a firm uses a newspaper for promotion. It is essential to consider the targeted audiences’ class because certain products connect with particular people, defined by gender, age, religion, and other factors. The number of individuals an advert will reach is also important since it is proportionate to the potential buyers. Undeniably, the type of audience and extent of coverage influence the marketing cost. Media availability and advertising medium’s reputation are important factors to consider when selecting a marketing channel. The necessary media for the promotional campaign may be unavailable at the appropriate period (Kotler et al., 2017). The issue is common with such platforms as television and radio. A medium reputation can influence the way audiences perceive advertised products and services. Magazines and newspapers are considered respectable marketing channels since most people view them as trustworthy and reliable sources of information. Indeed, reputable media adds prestige to the advertised products or services, evoking audiences’ trust. Advantages and Disadvantages of Television Advertising Television is one of the advertising mediums used by most organizations to promote their products and services. It has several advantages, including the a
Introduction Anthropology is the study of human history and cultures in relation to the present and existing cultures. The study focuses on how humans live and interact with each other in the contemporary social settings. The aim of this study is to understand the existing complexities of human cultures and apply the knowledge in the resolution of the existing problems. The chief focus of this interview schedule is to collect information concerning the experiences of an immigrant to the United States. The experiences include immigration experiences, gender roles, and adaptation experiences. The interview schedule also focuses on experiences relating to racial discrimination, values, religious inclinations, and family associations. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to present the experiences of a Kenyan immigrant to the United States in terms of social, religious, economic, and other aspects of life. Motivation to Travel and Immigration Experience The researcher collected information from a Kenyan immigrant to the United States. The immigrant is a 45-year old man who works and lives in the state of California. He has a second degree in business studies from the University of California. Like many immigrants, Africans usually travel to the United States and other European countries because they believe that these countries have many job opportunities, stable economic and political environment, and lucrative opportunities for businesses. Hence, the immigrant travelled to the United States with the hope of getting a good education and a well paying job, so that he would improve his living standards and support the family. According to the immigrant, he has encountered many socio-cultural experiences regarding the contemporary lifestyles of diverse societies in the United States. According to the immigrant, there are diverse cultures and lifestyles in America. The respondent attributed this phenomenon to the high number of people who have unique cultural backgrounds. He noted that his lifestyle has chan
Major Psychiatric Disorder(s): F90.2 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (combined presentation) The client is a 23-year-old female who came to a hospital and cannot even remember why she came here. She does not feel that something goes wrong with her and that she may have some problems. At the same time, she reports on her poor concentration and poor memory. She does not like to wait in line or answer many questions. She has to move and change something. Her intentions to move constantly annoy people around. Such behavior proves that the client may have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The client meets criterion A1, an inattention pattern. For example, she has difficulties while sustaining attention in tasks (A-1-a) when she missed counted some money as a bank worker (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). She does not listen when people speak to her directly during interviews (A-1-c) and does not like to wait. The client admits that she loses her wallet five times per week (A-1-g). She is easily distracted and changes topics frequently, and such behavior meets the criterion A-1-h (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Finally, she avoids her engagement in tasks, explaining that she cannot do something (A-1-f). At the same time, the client meets criterion A2, hyperactivity and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). She leaves her seat when she is expected to sit (A-2-b), talks excessively (A-2-f), cannot wait her turn (A-2-h), and feels restless (A-2-e). Developmental Disorder(s): F82. Developmental Coordination Disorder This diagnosis may be based on the fact that the client cannot sit when it is expected, proving that her motor performance is substantially below the expected level – criterion A (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Also, such coordination disturbance considerably influences her daily activities and relationships with other people – criterion B. Finally, the client says that she could not remember when everything began. It could begin when she
There were several schools of thought regarding various sociological theories and explanations of social action and societal changes. The most prominent school of thought was the classical school that includes Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Marx Weber among others. Karl Marx in 1969 argued that men make their history but they do not make it as they please i.e. they do not make history under circumstances determined by them but those encountered, given, and transmitted from the past. For instance, the religion one follows is as a result of the society they were born in and we follow it just the way we found it or even the monetary system we use to pay debts is independent to the user. We, therefore, do not make decisions as we like or desire but under certain structural constraints. Many classical sociologists, believed that society is divided at the micro and the macro levels where the individual forms the micro and the structure forms the macro level. This implied that society is external to us and it usually dictates the decisions we make. Hegel argued that the state is autonomous and sovereign against other countries’ control. He further insisted that the state is divine through history in that it has absolute power and control over its subjects. For instance, he argued that if the wants an individual life, then the only way out is for that individual to give in the life. He said that war is inevitable to the state because the state lacks mechanisms available to an individual to solve its conflicts. He argued that the main purpose of the state is to protect its independence and integrity to maintain the social organization and allow for the “universal spirit” to develop in people’s life. Materialism theory views the major economic and social transformations in society as a consequence of material forces. As various classes of people which Karl Marx classifies as landlords, middle class and the tenants struggle to improve their standards various economic and social changes occur. These changes occur because of passion and interest in material things that many people believe as the best way of life in their conscious. These class struggles occur as various classes engage in conflicts to know the means of production which are the source of the major income. To Karl Marx, class struggles are the effective ways by which social order in society is achieved. On the is
The video format is the most effective tool in the 21st century. For validating the effectiveness of the proposed policy, replacing the text of the privacy policy agreement with a video clip requires applying some analytics and statistics methods. They are the easiest to measure on the Internet, so they focus on assessing whether the audience is watching a video or skipping it. These media metrics that are proposed to evaluate performance are viewability, audience retention, and interaction reports. An essential metric for validating the effectiveness of the proposed policy is inspection. It shows how many users watched the video to the end and in which part of the video clips the rest stopped watching. This metric also helps to understand how explicit and helpful the content is. Views (or reach) show how many of the site’s visitors have watched the video. This metric also highlights unique users, those who clicked on the video for the first time, and repeated views. The important point is that viewing reports are called three-second viewing (Sigmund, 2021). During this time, the user decides whether to watch the video or not. After watching for these three seconds, with a 90% probability, the footage will be scrolled by more than 50% of users. Analysts and decision-making media managers need to look at more detailed statistics on screenings: quartiles or seconds. Then they should recalculate the cost per visitor for the duration of viewing, which is counted for the video’s maximum effectiveness. Three-second viewing is not equivalent to an influential contact; for three seconds, the user passively expresses their attitude to the video. If they did not get it, it means that the display was carried out idly. The inspection method will also help, if necessary, to improve the proposed policy. For example, if it turns out that a significant part of users turns off the video in the same place, then the problem should be looked for there. To successfully apply this method, it is needed to set up analytics to understand what was done correctly and which actions are better to correct. The most critical parameter in the screening analysis will be audience retention (Wilona et al., 2021). It is a graph showing what percentage of the video or how long the viewers are watching. A sharp drop in the search rate means that people quickly get bore
Overview Nursing is always teamwork. Everyone is responsible for their actions and the whole team. It is imperative to provide the most appropriate and adequate healthcare. But what if your teammate is late and you have to do all the work alone until they come? Imagine a situation: there are two of you at the shift today, you arrive on time, and your colleague is late for an hour leaving all the work on you. You cannot reject the additional work because it is the health and lives of people you save. You cannot just abandon the patients, so there is no other way but to do the work for both. Such a tense working hour can make you feel exhausted, as if you already worked your whole shift. Objectively, you work over. However, this problem is usually neglected by both employers and the general public. Why should you care? Problem Today, a nurse in the United States is positioned as a doctor’s partner, which is logical: they are constantly in contact with the patient, satisfy all their needs, respond promptly to the deterioration of their physiological and psychological well-being, and build relationships with relatives of patients. The nurse collects and analyzes all the information about the patient’s condition, and only they can advise the doctor in detail about whom he is treating. The main problem in this situation is that as nurses’ workload increases, the quality of patient care decreases. Studies show that in the case of nurses’ overworking, both the patients themselves and the medical institution suffer (Tsernov). Therefore, the problem of overworking nurses while doing work for themselves and their colleagues directly affects everyone. Comprehensive awareness of the problem is essential because each of us can be a patient during this processing hour. Action Discipline directly affects the quality of health care delivery. And the demand not to be late is easily supported by arguments of common sense. If you are a person close to a healthcare professional (for example, a relative, a friend, or a partner), try to help the person not to be late for work. For example, if you can help him in a difficult situation that could potentially lead to being late, then do so. Thus, you will indirectly influence the improvement of the medical organization’s work and the provision of medical services to patients. Perhaps your feasible help will help to avoid a medical error.
The identified practice issue is hand hygiene. It is considered an essential element in preventing the spread of infection in the medical environment. The purpose of the paper is to present a critical discussion of the issue and analyze whether it is appropriately evidence-based and meets the best practice guidelines. The structure of the paper includes a critical analysis of the identified everyday practice, interpretation of the types of knowledge informing the issue, and recommendations for future practice. Critical Discussion of an Identified Everyday Practice Evidence-based practice is associated with the prevention of repeated practice, productive decision making, and improved clinical efficiency (Mantzoukas 2008). Being an evidence-based issue, hand hygiene occupies an important place in the investigations of practices and their efficiency. While the necessity of evidence-based practice is undoubted, its practical application may meet various obstacles. One of such restrictions is presented with the hierarchy of evidence (Mantzoukas 2008). Such hierarchy has popularized randomized control trials (RCTs) as the most accurate evidence origin (Mantzoukas 2008). Still, nurse practitioners frequently find it complicated to apply as RCTs tend to disregard some types of knowledge which eventually proves to supply beneficial data for nursing practice (Mantzoukas 2008). Since evidence-based practice and reflection have common targets and methods, it may be necessary to disregard the hierarchy of evidence and allow reflection to evolve into the basic elements of the evidence-based practice activity (Mantzoukas 2008). Evidence, as a result, brings about subjecti