ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Nova documentary film entitled “Riddles of the Sphinx” discusses the building of the Great Sphinx, the largest statue in Egypt. It is made in the form of a lion with a human head; the sphynx is 70 feet high and almost 250 feet long (Glassman, 2010). In the film, scientists and builders seek to uncover the riddle of the Sphinx, posing questions about how the Sphynx was built and why. The Sphinx was constructed at Giza Plateau, where around 2500 BC, pharaohs began to build pyramids. To find out where the idea of putting a human head on a lion’s body comes from, the scientists set out for the desert of Abydos, which lies to the south of Giza. The city of Abydos was built at the very dawn of Egyptian civilization and is now deserted. There are burials of ancient pharaohs, including the tomb of king Aha, the first pharaoh of the first dynasty. In the tomb, lions’ bones are uncovered, which may be a clue to the sphynx’s form. Ancient kings identified themselves with a lion to show their power. So, a lion’s body may symbolize authority, while the human head symbolizes intelligence or control. Together they represent the power under control, the power of the king. Another question posed in the film is how the Sphynx was created. To understand this, scientists looked at what it is made of. The sphynx is composed of interchanging layers of soft and hard limestone, which had been the floor of the sea billions of years ago. By the time of the pyramids, the sea had turned into a desert. The starting point for the Sphynx was probably a huge rock that stuck out on the plateau’s surface. Workers cut a trench around it and took the stones out of the ditch in huge blocks. From these blocks, they built the walls of the Sphynx Temple. Then sculptors carved the giant rock remaining in the center into the shape of a sphynx. To see how ancient people carved the rock, archaeologists decided to carve a sphynx’s nose of limestone. For their nose, the archaeologists used tools available at those times – stone hammers and copper chisel. First, copper had to be melted in the fire to be sharpened into a suitable form. By estimating the time it took to carve the nose, the archaeologists concluded that it took about three years for a hundred workers to carve the whole sphynx. Another question posed in the film is who initiated the building of the Sphynx. It is positioned between two pyramids, and it would be logical to suppose that whoever built the pyramids built the Sphinx. However, these pyramids were built on the orders of different pharaohs: Khufu and his son Khafre. Archaeologists look at the facial features of sphynx and debate whom it resembles to determine which pharaoh initiated it. However, there is no universal answe
Introduction Cardinal Health, Inc . is a major distributor and manufacturer of pharmaceuticals and various medical products. It is a giant of the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry; its products are not only used in a large number of hospitals and health care centers within the United States but also are distributed and sold in many other countries worldwide. In this paper, we will provide some information about the company. More specifically, after concisely addressing the business’ history, we will describe it as it is today, touching upon the enterprise’s mission and the vision of their activity, and looking into the products and services it offers. We will also address some quantitative characteristics of the company, namely, the price of its shares in the stock market, the number of employees, the financial status of the business. After that, some recent news from the company will be reported, the company’s competitors will be mentioned, and the contact information will be given. A Brief History of the Company The company that is currently known as Cardinal Health, Inc . was established in 1971 by Robert Walter in the state of Ohio. The company was initially a food wholesaler, and it was named Cardinal Foods . By the end of the 1970s, the company bought Bailey Drug Co. (Ohio) and engaged in pharmaceuticals wholesaling; it was renamed Cardinal Distribution . During the 1980s, the company purchased other medications firms and sold its food facilities, focusing completely on drugs. It was renamed Cardinal Health, Inc. in 1994. In 1995, the company engaged in medicine retailing; it was already present in most states. In 1997, the corporation purchased Owen Healthcare , a firm based in Houston that provided drugstores and hospitals with outsourced management services. The company continued to grow and buy other businesses. Nowadays, it is a global corporation dealing with drugs and medical products in the US and worldwide (Journal of Healthcare Contracting, 2005; “Cardinal Health” n.d.). Description of the Company According to the official website of the company, the business is aimed at improving “the cost-effectiveness of healthcare”, helping organizations (hospitals, drugstores, etc.) and people involved in the industry of health care to “focus on patient care while reducing costs, enhancing efficiency and improving quality” (“Cardinal Health” n.d.). Robert Walter, the founder of the business, states that the company’s vision is to “define ourselves in terms of the capabilities and solutions our customers need, not the individual businesses we’re in”; therefore identifying success as the ability to enable its clients to achieve the best results (Journal of Healthcare Contracting, 2005). The company is public; its stocks are traded on the stock exchange. A single stock’s price was $80.55 as of September 4, 20
It is like time travel to look at vintage images from the 1960s of Yves Klein creating art using the naked bodies of young women, blue paint, and paper surfaces. Watching his process of creation, it is easy to see why some members of the public threw up their hands in bafflement and disapproval at ‘modern art’, and still do so today. It is also easy to understand the reaction of governments that provide funding for cultural activities. If the daily news is any measure, they often dismiss such displays as antics, immoral, trivial, or simply not constituting art at all. Institutions of culture, such as museums, may have similar concerns. However, in our decade, they seem to wish to err on the side of accepting as art things that might not be art, rather than risking overlooking a work or an artist that history will show to have had merit. Klein himself seems to have been trying to detach the experience of art from anything that would engage the viewer, largely in an institutional setting, whether by eliminating multiple colors, focusing on blue to the exclusion of all others, by directing women to use other women’s bodies as paintbrushes, or by proposing buildings entirely without walls or furniture. However, as odd as all this can seem, he has been accepted by prominent institutions, such as the Hirschorn Museum. His proposals fit into a continuum of detachment from the real and the concrete that has been evident in the art and the writing on art in the 20 th century. In his piece entitled “The Evolution of Art towards the Immaterial”, Klein describes how he arrived at the idea that even two colors were too many. He felt that the presence of two colors would involve the viewer in a visual exercise that he did not intend. After seeing that the viewers responded to a wall of paintings of different colors by trying somehow to form them into one coherent whole, even if he did not intend that to be the interpretation. This phenomenon reflects the institutional locale in which his work appeared. After all, if viewers were seeing one painting at a time in a private home or a corporate office, they could not make this visual collation and re-interpretation of his paintings. In reaction to this experience, he says, “I precisely and categorically refuse to present on one surface even the interplay of two colors” [1] In this instance, the support of institutions of art actually worked against his purposes. When one looks at the footage from a subsequent decade, documenting his works using blue w
Introduction A challenge is like a change, is like death, and is like a choice, it is inevitable and a personal experience. However much people will try to avoid it, they must encounter it at least once during their lifetime. Donnie Darko’s film is such an informative piece of work that pictures the inevitability of challenges. Donnie Darko, the 2001 American movie, directed and written by Richard Kelly is set in October 1988. The writer employs actors like Donnie Darko, the protagonist of the film, Frank, a threatening rabbit, Jim, a motivational speaker, Gretchen Ross, Donnie’s classmate, and girlfriend, among others. It stands out as among the many available ‘independent’ movies whose quality lies between, very bad and appealing descent. The film is rich in themes like death, love, resurrection, time travel, alternate universe, to mention a few, as the following plot unfolds. Plot Summary The film focuses on the life of a high school kid, Donnie Darko, who has a good deal of unique challenges ranging from schizophrenia, which results due to his failure to take medicine, through sleepwalking, to isolation, both by his family members and schoolmates. Gretchen says, “Some people are just born with tragedy in their blood” (Darko), referring to Donnie, her classmate. His mental disorders, coupled with the aforementioned problems, are the reasons behind his living in a private world. He feels that he is living in a world of his own, a problem that is evident as the movie opens in the morning when he is found asleep in the middle of the road. As he wakes up in this place, he is the least surprised by what could have brought him there. He immediately goes home. One night as he is asleep, he is awakened by a commanding imaginary voice that demands him to get out of the bed, a command that he obeys by going to a neighboring golf course. There, he meets Frank, the demon-like six-foot-tall rabbit, who tells him the exact remaining time before the end of the world, which according to him, is near. Donnie’s obedience to the voice turns out to be the root source of his salvation, following a “jet engine from a commercial jetliner falls from the sky through the roof of his house, and into his bedroom” (Darko), which would have otherwise killed him, had he been found asleep. The end of the world remains a puzzle to him. Truth is the cry of all and Donnie is not an exception. As days elapse, the end comes closer and closer. He attempts to find out the truth behind Frank’s message. Donnie accompanied by Gretchen and his two other friends, consult Roberta Sparrow. However, upon their arrival, they encounter a group of thugs with a car, who kill Gretchen and the two friends, revealing some signs of truth that Donnie is searching for. Frank is also seen as the car’s door opens, allowing Donnie to kill him also, declaring “…everything is going to be okay” (Darko). To reverse what happens in the tangent world, by saving its people, his mother, sister, Gretchen, and past-Frank inclusive, Donn
The Political Culture and Its Critics Considering the outcome of the Cold War, it is interesting to see that the Arab world still lacks democracy. This becomes especially evident when assessing the global impact on worldwide values and institutions that can be attributed to the winners (Anderson 77). The problem, in this case, consists in the fact that historians and social scientists tend to interpret the events in terms of what might have been instead of analyzing the events that actually took place. For the majority of historians, democracy is still an exception, and they prefer to favor it to other aspects of political culture and certain pivotal events (Anderson 77). Another problem with political culture consists in the fact that many Arab countries have failed to embrace the perversity and have ended up triggering ignorance in most of their citizens. One factor that should be widely criticized is the desire researchers have to explain the inability to install a democratic apparatus by means of citizens’ wrongful behavior (Anderson 77). Another issue relates to the differing attitudes toward democracy, as well as its implementation. This relates to a number of objective conditions that must necessarily be in line with the economic condition of a country, along with the presence of international support (Anderson 78). The majority of social researchers consider Middle Eastern countries to be democratically challenged, but this supposition is generally not supported by an extensive body of evidence. The phenomenon of this biased and preconceived notion can be explained by the nonstop search for democracy that goes on in Middle Eastern countries (Anderson 78). Overall, the key concepts of Arab political culture must be considered underdeveloped, and more research in this area is needed. To expand on this topic, one of the factors that define the nation-state relationship is a people’s attitude toward their leader (in this case, Assad is a perfect example). This particular relationship between the leader and the public is expressed by the compliance of the latter. The community tends to be obedient, and the Syrian people see nothing wrong in glorifying Assad because, for them, he is the definition of the state (Wedeen 512). Regardless, in addressing this issue, it will become evident that Assad’s virtues are being praised by the Syrian people because of the ideas that the leader puts in their heads. These concepts seriously impact the way people talk, use their imagination, and formulate any statements regarding the country and its leader. Therefore, the verbal practices promoted by the regime lead to a kind of propaganda that is intended to gain as many followers as possible
Introduction In an extensive capacity, anthropology entails hypothesis formation and testing whether it holds grounds in various situations. Anthropology seeks to find a balance between the social, political and environmental justice. This is because individuals from dissimilar communities upholds diverse cultural practices thus the need for a common ground, in order to promote unity and integration. Therefore, in this article under study, the ideology is that social organization and cultural practice must receive at most respect for a unified coexistence. The passed law was political in nature because it targeted only the Muslim group, a community considered a minority in the country (France). It came into force on a time when the association or relationship between the French Muslim group and the state was incredibly sour (The Gazette). Therefore, it is highly likely that politics played a central role in the formation of these laws. Additionally, it is normal that when a law is passed, it should have clear and absolute guidelines on enforcement protocols. However, in this case, the enforcement of this law was at the discretion of the people and not the police. It was for the populace to decide whether to unveil their faces or not; thus, there was no any enforceable forceful mechanism. Additionally, the imposed fines were theoretical and unenforceable to women who refused to uncover their faces in public. The French president feared that the French culture was under threat from the Islam, which was an excuse for gaining votes from ant-immigration supporters. Such laws, which target the marginalized communities or minority groups, often encourage activism or formation of activist groups (Miller, Barbara, Esterik, Penny, and Esterik John, 248). These formed groups often aim to change certain unfavorable conditions, which include violation of human rights, violence and political repression. To a significant extent, this enacted law had some significant shortcomings thus making it ineffective. Among the various problems included the fact that the police had no capacity, to compel any person to remove the veil or head covering (The Gazette). This argument received a confirmation from the law enforcing entities within the nation stating that they had no power over the matter. Therefore, it promoted a resistance nature in various immigrant districts. In addition to the limited powers granted to the police, the imposed fines were theoretical thus never applied on offenders. Ultimately, the police also felt embarrassed to persuade veiled women in public due to pride in men. In a critical examination, the enacted law clearly brings out the abuse of power; the president is using his prerogative powers to bring desired results by luring political alliance from the opposing group (Miller, Barbara, Esterik, Penny, and Esterik John, 256). The president does this by trying to
In Dixon v. the United States, the petitioner, Keshia Dixon, purchases guns at two gun shows while falsely claiming that she is not under arrest for a felony. Dixon has been arrested and charged with receiving weapons and making false claims about the procurement of firearms. Finally, she admits to the allegations that the purchase of weapons took place under undercharges, but Dixon says the action is under compulsion. If she does not act, her boyfriend threatens to kill her and her daughter. Dixon claims that if the defense provides evidence that its actions are due to coercion, it must consider refuting the burden to determine the extent of the defendant’s guilt in the proceedings. The tribunals and the government’s judgment, which refers to coercion as a defense of need in Bailey v. the US, may have conducted excuses that would otherwise be punishable. However, the presence of coercion under normal circumstances does not contradict the elements of the offense. About the criteria, Judge Stevens wrote to Congress accusing him of making a decision difficult due to his lack of guidance. There is a lack of evidence as to how this issue should be addressed (Anenson, 2017). There are no recommendations to show that the crimes in question may be incompatible with coercion protection. If Congress “might have contemplated,” that security of coercion is present for statutory crimes on offer, then there is a need to determine the Shield (Southeast Texas CJ, 2016). Generally, the Court of Justice violated the 14th act of the United States Constitution. The July 1868 amendment states, “all people naturalized or born in the United States” (including the previously released slaves) (Anenson, 2017). The law limits the State to denying equal protection law to an individual within its competence. The position of the country is directly mentioned. The amendment has significantly extended equal rights to all American citizens and is cited in more disputes than any other amendment.
Unions Unions are organizations of people working together with a common goal to improve and protect their working conditions (Vitez 2012). They can be formed as reactive institutions which are formed to respond to a particular problem. However, other unions are proactive in that they are formed to develop and pursue a particular agenda. Both approaches are valid and acceptable in the formation of a union since both protect the integrity of the workers. Both reactive and proactive unions push for changes in the working environment and strive to make the workplace a better experience. Construction unions Construction unions are formed by workers in the construction industry to do just the same thing as in other unions. Pushing for fair working conditions and reasonable financial compensation is the agenda in most of the construction unions. This is owing to the fact that the construction industry bares risky working conditions (Smith, 2012). Workers in this industry are allowed to form unions to protect themselves from risky occurrences in the course of their work. Managing construction unions Trade unions are committed to protecting their members from exploitation and poor working conditions as deemed by the members. With the current laws protecting labour unions globally, it is very difficult to contain the effect of uncontended workers. When the situation goes out of hand, the workers may resolve to strike. Striking workers are protected by law, and it is within their rights to express their grievances through a strike. It is in the interest of construction management panels to consider a warm relationship between them and workers (Mayhew 2012). Discriminating against workers is a very conspicuous problem within any working environment leave alone the construction industry (Edwards 2012). Top management must ensure zero tolerance to such disparities in order to ensure that workers are contended. Equal Employment Opportunity ‘EEO’ laws protect workers from discrimination. Discrimination is deemed to happen when people with the same characteristics such as race, skin colour, age or gender “protected class” are treated
Introduction In Greek Mythology, night has two sons, death and sleep. Dement in 1994 noted the association between death and sleep in the medical literature as early as 1834 when Robert MacNish inferred that death is an intermediate state between wakefulness and death. Recent understanding of sleep infers that sleep and wakefulness are two phases of brain activity that are separate physiologically and physiologically. However, both conditions are reflected on each other; further, sleep is a physical need and is an active physiological process and is a dynamic behavior not just the absence of wakening. Sleep is a state of altered consciousness that differs from coma in that an individual can be aroused. Further, during sleep the human brain is responsive to internal than to external stimuli (Kamal, p. 156). Discussion Animal laboratory studies show that rats deprived from sleep has an average life span of 3 weeks (instead of 2-3 years) with decreasing weight and sores on their tails possibly because of impaired immune mechanisms. From this, we know that sleep is needed for normal immune system functioning. The human brain shows significantly lowered metabolic activity after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. With sleep deprivation, body temperature becomes lowers and the white blood cells count (needed for body defenses against bacteria and various allergens) decreases. In addition, chronic sleep deficiency results in various arrhythmias. About the central nervous system, sleep deprivation results in impaired memory with altered ability to do simple mathematical calculations and lack of concentration. If sleep deprivation continues, mood changes and even hallucinations occur. For children and young adult, sleep is essential for growth, human cells show increased protein production and less breakdown during sleep. Besides, growth hormone release shows nocturnal increase during sleep. Thus, in brief, sleep is essential for physical, emotional, and social well-being of humans (Staud and Adamec, Pp. 189-193). Sleep is not a uniform state of being; rather it is a complex, and a cyclical process of human physiology. It occurs in cycles of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep alternating with non-rapid eye movement sleep. Non REM sleep represents 75% of sleep duration and occurs in four stages (1 to 4) and REM sleep represents stage 5 (25%) of sleep. REM and Non REM sleep have different cont