ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Measles is an acute viral and debilitating illness that can lead to long-term serious complications, including inflammation of the lungs, central nervous system, and brain. In one case out of twenty-five thousand, complications can lead to death; in case of complications on the central nervous system, the consequences can affect health throughout life (Thomas, 2015). However, measles is a well-studied controlled disease; large-scale introduction of vaccination has led to a tangible decrease in the incidence of this infection. Recently, however, measles outbreaks have increasingly begun to be recorded in countries where, it would seem, one step remained before the virus was completely eliminated. For example, in 2018-2019 Great Britain lost the status of a country without measles; this severe disease is spreading rapidly in the UK (Soucheray, 2019). The return of the incidence of measles requires an in-depth analysis of the causes that led to the new epidemic situation in the country and the role of epidemiology data quality in situation analysis and development of appropriate measures to eliminate the outbreak. In England (as the administrative and political part of the UK), more than 400 cases of measles were registered in 2018, and already in the first quarter of 2019, 231 cases of measles were clinically confirmed in the UK (Berry et al. , 2019), despite the fact that three year
Lowering cost, creating administrative efficiency, improving patients’ outcomes, fostering the relationship between patients and physicians, the desire to meet the ever increasing demand for privacy, security, as well as identity issues, propel the need to adopt technology in healthcare organizations (Geylani & Turhan, 2006). Using smartcards in a healthcare organization is linked to the need to identify and authenticate patients, correlating patients to their data, harmonizing data from incongruent sources, and enhancing security as well as controlling access to information. Smartcards are portable and indeed secure if all security measures are considered. They are reliable and offer practical solutions to the problems the sector has been facing in the past years. The advantages associated with adopting smartcard technology in the healthcare setup include the following; reducing cost, improving how patients are identified along with improving workflow, reducing claims denials and increasing revenue generation, offering physicians authenticated and authorized access to healthcare information, aids in ensuring that the federal requirements enshrined in HIPAA are complied with, helps to foster facility and network security as well as offering healthcare professionals immediate access to life-saving information. Additionally, the card helps in improving the satisfaction of both the patient as well as physicians and provides the platform in supporting national healthcare information networks (Geylani & Turhan, 2006). There are important managerial issues that need to be addressed before adopting smartcard technology in healthcare organizations. This includes carrying out a thorough analysis of the benefits as well as costs of adopting such technology. Similarly, it is encouraged that the relevant stakeholders especially the patients and the physicians be well informed or educated about how to use the cards. One big question regarding smartcard technology is ‘what are the ethical issues that arise when using smartcards and how can they be handled satisfactorily?’
Problem and Change Strategy Possibilities The problem that has been identified in my organisation is the continuous human resource mismanagement that results in job dissatisfaction and the following apathy. Currently, there are no visible changes in the workers’ productivity, and, as a result, the managerial staff does not seem to notice the problem. The root of the mismanagement lies in the fact that the organisation does not encourage initiative and participation among workers and, as a result, they do not feel like they can change anything. The aim of the changing strategy, therefore, lies in the necessity of altering the attitude of the managerial staff and encouraging the workers to participate. As a result, the organisation is bound to benefit from the influx of ideas and the improved motivation of its workers. Given the specifics of the problem, I believe that action research (AR) would be the most suitable strategy for the situation. Indeed, in this case, the objects of the research would simultaneously be its subjects, who are capable of providing data and ideas that could not be created by an outsider. At the same time, the purpose of this change is to encourage people to participate; therefore, AR will be a perfect framework for this change that is capable of providing both the necessary information and involvement. Change Strategy Process AR aimed at solving the mentioned problem could involve the following steps: Creating the Responsible Team It should include people who are interested in the change to ensure their commitment; the support of senior management would be very welcome. Gathering information Information is necessary for any change. The small research that I have carried out is not enough; therefore, another, more consistent analysis is needed. It would require surveying of different levels; currently, I believe, short questionnaires could be helpful. Apart from providing information about the current mood of the employees, the survey may and should be designed to encourage them to suggest ideas concerning the improvement. Determining or Confirming the Root of the Problem While I am almost certain that my choice of the root is correct, I do not exclude the possibility of another problem contributing to the current situation. Apart from that, additional problems can be singled out in the process. Developing a Line of Action The ideas suggested by the employees during the first stage can be used during this one. In such a way, a more inclusive problem decision will be defined by the more inclusive planning stage. The line of action is expected to be modified according to the results of the first two stages. A suggested line of action can include the following options.   * Encouragements for employees to learn the publicly available information about the organisation to ensure the possibility of them making informed decisions. Possibly, relevant training.   * We are training on shared leadership among employees and managerial staff; possibly, conjoint for the two groups.   * Development of a forum where employ
Abstract The personality analysis of the prominent rulers generally helps the psychologists to define the key factors of leadership, and special features of the rulers. Sometimes, these people just appear to be charismatic and without any special features. King Hussein is one of the most successful rulers of the Middle East, and is known for his great contribution to the solution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. His personal features are worth particular regarding, as being not Jordanian by origin, and having no natural resources in his country, he managed to keep the crown for 43 years, up to his death, and coped to decrease the mortality and poverty rates, and increase the wellbeing and education rate among citizens. Introduction Hussein bin Talal, King of Jordan was the leader of Jordan from the time his father, King Talal, resigned in 1952, until his death. Hussein led his state through the unstable Cold War and four decades of Arab-Israeli rivalry, victoriously poising the forces of Arab nationalism and the attraction of Western-style progress against the harsh actuality of Jordan’s geographic position. Hussein’s family maintains a line of ancestry from the Islamic prophet Muhammad. “We are the family of the prophet and we are the oldest tribe in the Arab world,” the king once proclaimed of his Hashemite descent. (Foster, 1999) Throughout Hussein’s time in power, there have been some steady factors: Hussein’s individuality as a conventionally inclined, inherited Hashemite monarch; a regular leavening of this fundamentally discriminatory posture with episodic populist pleas, particularly towards the large Palestinian inhabitants of Jordan; Jordan’s weak financial base and its communal, geographic and military instability; a attendant requirement for foreign patronage; and Hussein’s personality, which over the years has altered remarkably little. Thus, it is no surprise to Jerrold M. Post, the founder of the Center for the Analysis of Personality and Political Behavior at the C.I.A., that King Hussein grew up to be one of the world’s most influential leaders and in the Middle East for the whole twentieth century. Brief Biography On September 6, 1951, King Abdullah’s eldest son, King Talal supposed the throne. When he was decided to be psychologically debilitated, Talal was rapidly repleaded by his eldest son, Hussein, who was announced as a King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on August 11, 1952. A Regency Council was employed until King Hussein’s official attainment to the throne on May 2, 1953, when he presumed his legitimate authorities after attaining the age of eighteen, in accordance with the Islamic time counting. On the human extent, lots of simple people and researchers speak for King Hussein’s attainments. While in 1950, water, hygiene and electrical energy were achievable to only 10% of Jordanians, today 99% of the inhabitants may enjoy these conveniences. In 1960 only 33% of Jordanians were educated, in 1996, this amount 85.5% increased. In 1
Nowadays, social media practically shapes the psychological state and the life attitude of adolescents. The me-centered world is also the result of the social media life pattern. The existence of social media contributes to the appearance of the feeling of invincibility and impunity because there are no limits on the Internet, and people can tell and do whatever they want without being condemned by the ones they know in person. Another impact of social media on adolescents is that they witness the feeling of insecurity. Being surrounded by profiles where everyone is thriving and has no regrets makes the adolescents’ unstable and still unshaped personalities shatter because they do not comply with the internet personas’ lives. Adolescents experiencing the life values forming period cannot help but absorb the pattern they see every day on their screens (Dogra, et al., 2018). Therefore, their mind forces them to believe that they are not successful enough and must change their lives for the better. However, adolescents cannot comprehend that social media are just a mere shell and that the years of hardworking are hidden behind the beautiful picture. As a result of the race to success, they become too concentrated on themselves and afraid of making mistakes because it distant them from the people on the screen. Thus, due to mental inconsistency, the contradiction in adolescents’ behavior appears in the inability to accept any critique. From my point of view, adolescents are in great danger because of social media. As a result of the contradictions described above, their personalities form based on envy and the lack of understanding of the necessity of hard work. Being unable to accept critique, adolescents have a lower chance of understanding themselves and choosing their way of living. Moreover, their character will not have strong points because they do not have the image of hard work and difficulties, which are the driving force of progress. Therefore, social media impacts adolescents’ minds, and without proper mental support from the parents, it can badly harm the developing personality. Reference Dogra, N., Eruyar, S., Hughes, H., O’Reilly, M., Reilly, P., &Whiteman, N. (2018). Is social media bad for mental health and wellbeing? Exploring the perspectives of adolescents. SAGE Journals, 23 (4), 601–613. Web.
The terminology used to describe Vodafone’s growth strategy is acquisition. Acquisition is the best strategy for growth to use in the delicate telecommunication industry. This strategy allows the acquiring company, enough leverage to have a controlling stake in the target company. This strategy allows the company to take advantage of the economies of scale as synergies take shape. These advantages are:   * Possession of skilled workers: The telecommunication industry in some countries faces a lack of enough qualified staff as the education systems do not prepare the students well in how to deal with challenges that come with being associated in the industry. The cost of training both in terms of time and expenditure is greatly reduced (Banzhaf, 2005).   * Increased buying power: Vodafone’s ability to purchase equipment manpower and other resources necessary for its operations is greatly enhanced when it acquires companies, as it now has more fixed assets that t can use as collateral when seeking new funding.   * Larger customer base: Vodafone is able to benefit from an increase in customers as it just acquires the former customers of the target company. This reduces the cost it was to incur in marketing if it was to start a new company.   * Possession of Technology: This strategy allows Vodafone to inherit already existing infrastructure. The only task that the company has to undertake is upgrading in cases where it is needed. This eliminates all costs of purchasing equipments which is a very expensive undertaking (Banzhaf, 2005).   * Direct Cash Flow: Since the acquired company has an already existing network, Vodafone does not have to wait for the network to be adopted by new consumers and this means that as long as the existing subscribers continue to use the network, revenue to the company is still being attained.   * Joint Overheads: Expenses within the two joint companies is shared this allows the company to invest in future initiatives. This allows the company to grow rapidly in a short time span. Measures carried out by Vodafone in integrati
Introduction Until the year 1975, Spain was under the dictatorial rule of Francisco Franco, who died in power (Agranoff 2007: 5). After his death, democracy started to take root in this country. It is perhaps the experience that Spanish nationals had under the dictatorial rule that made them averse to a centralised government, where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual. Spain is regarded as one of the most successful cases of devolved and decentralised system of government in Europe. In 1978, Spain passed a constitution that created 17 regions, which are referred in this country as the autonomous states (Redaccion 2008: 4). This means that in Spain, political power is shared between the central government in Madrid and the 17 autonomous communities (Redaccion 2008: 4). The autonomy of the communities is enshrined in the second article of the 1978 constitution. The constitution provides for the rights of the regions and nationalities to govern themselves, meaning that each of the regions has an executive, legislative and judiciary arm of government. The same article of the constitution recognises the indissoluble unity of Spain as a nation (Smith and Heywood 2000: 22). The seventeen autonomous regions, together with the two autonomous cities, have become a remarkable feature of devolved governance in the European continent. This is especially so considering the fact that Spain is a member of the European Union. Some of the autonomous regions were formed by the amalgamation of two or more provinces that shared either cultural or historical backgrounds. The process of creating autonomous regions in this country took place between 1979 and 1983 (Argullol 2004: 218). In the year 1966, the creation of more regions came to an end with the passing of the autonomous status for the last two regions. These were Ceuta and Melilla, and they br
The use of tobacco during pregnancy is a major and important health problem as far as maternity and infant health is concerned. Women have many reasons to quit smoking but one of the most important reasons for quitting smoking is when they are pregnant. This will help them in reducing the chances of getting lung issues, cancer, and even diseases related to the heart. Furthermore, it can help them finish their maternity period feeling more energetic and healthier. This essay is going to analyze the effects of smoking on pregnant mothers and their babies and also interventions for this problem across the five strategies of health-related interventions. Smoking results in babies being born too early or too late and others being born with a birth weight lower than normal. According to the research done by American Pregnancy Associates, it is found that approximately fifteen percent of pregnant women smoke endangering their lives and those of their babies (Shakarwal, 2020). This relates to the death of about one thousand babies every year in the United States. These deaths arise because when a pregnant woman smokes, the baby is exposed to some dangerous poisons such as nicotine, carbon monoxide arsenic, and lead. These substances are absorbed by the placenta and taken to the baby. In addition to this, smoking results in babies being born too early or too late and some also being born with a birth weight lower than normal. It is known that many women know the dangers of smoking when pregnant and they always try to quit smoking to protect the lives of themselves and the child. Several measures should be put in place to help the women involved quit smoking during pregnancies. Several things can be done to reduce this problem. One of the things that pregnant women should practice is health promotion. It involves systematically changing one’s daily habits for example for those who are used to smoking after meals they can make it that after every meal instead of smoking, they can rather keep themselves busy. For instance, they can read one of their favorite novels or perhaps watch their favorite series movie and this can make them forget about smoking. The government can also go a long way in exercising this measure by putting heavy taxation on tobacco products and even consider smoking in public as a chargeable offense. For the women already affected, there is a need to save them and their children from the dangers of smoking. This can be done by doing the early medical screening, cancer checkups. This may call for the government to reduce the costs of medical screening and checkups in public hospitals to encourage everyone to go for the checking. The creation of many rehabilitation facilities is also a very important measure that will ensure that those affected get proper professional attention that will help them overcome the u
Introduction Stakeholder analysis is a tool used in program implementation and management. It identifies the concerns raised by the stakeholders during the program implementation process and establishes the objectives and expectations of the stakeholders (Pandey,2008, p.114). This paper seeks to conduct a stakeholder analysis for an inclusive education program for people with disabilities conducted by world vision in Africa. World vision World Vision is a humanitarian and charity organization that mobilizes resources to alleviate poverty. It initiates development activities to better the lives of the community members. Strategies for stakeholder analysis Identification of the stakeholders The most important task is to identify and cluster the stakeholders. The stakeholders are those who feel the impact of the project and have an influence on the implementation of the project in one way or the other. They can be clustered into beneficiaries, supporters, opponents, and donors. In the disability project mentioned earlier, the stakeholders would include:   * Special education teachers   * Students with disability   * Donors   * Social workers   * Program manager   * Volunteers, if any   * Parents Profiling Using stakeholder information, profiling for each class of the stakeholder is done. This provides a faster review of the existing stakeholders, hence thorough understanding and knowledge on them (Pandey, 2008, p.83). In the disability program listed as an example earlier, the type of information required about the stakeholder will be listed to effectively involve them in planning and implementation. Create a framework of relationship This defines the interrelationship among the stakeholders together with the degree of influence and significance they have on the project. Define the level of participation It establishes the level of input for all the stakeholders earlier profiled. In the disability inclusion project, “inclusive education for people with disability”, the level of input for the profiled stakeholders was defined. For instance, special education teachers are involved in the issuance of instructional skills and formative assessment of the learners. Planning Considering the inclusion of people with disabilities in a normal education setting, a project was established by world vision to integrate learners with special needs into a normal classroom setting. The following are some of the stakeholders involved in the planning process, their support level, and the fact of how to maintain their commitment to the program. Donors They are the financiers of the program. They meet the costs of the running project. The duration and level of work done in any program are determined by the donor through resource allocation. To maintain the commitment of the donors, it is important to embrace transparency and clarity for auditing purposes. Monitoring and evaluation reports should be given to the donors for assessment purposes. Parent The parents assist in the assessment of va