ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A range of various problems related to the sphere of healthcare can be found in the Village of Lincolnwood, IL. Still, among them, the policy issue on “Dangerous and Vicious Dogs” seems to be the priority. The number of animals in this region is rather high, and some of them tend to be a hazard to the representatives of the general public. Even when living with their owners dangerous and vicious breeds can be aggressive because of inherited characteristics. Thus, to protect the public, veterinary and healthcare associations need to consider the creation of a policy that can control this issue and encourage more responsible ownership. When the policymaker comes, one should be conveyed to support the initiative. A group of professionals will be designated to maintain the meeting and present all related issues. The discussion will be initiated by them so that one can get their position on the problem and expected actions from the very beginning. The connection with local legislation will be then provided to support the claim as well as evidence. Evidence Regulations on dangerous and vicious dogs are vital for the Village of Lincolnwood, IL, and the policymaker should get to know why. One should see that they are even included in article 3 of the health regulation, mentioning what steps should be maintained to get a pet legally. It is stated that the owners cannot allow their animals to bite or attack others (The Village of Lincolnwood, 2016). Still, it is critical to provide another point of view that when a dog is initially dangerous, it can be hardly insured. Some breeds are aggressive regardless of the way they are treated so it would be better if the owning of them would be banned (Hargreaves, 2013). Thus, it would be beneficial if a policymaker agrees to develop a policy that would reduce the threat of being attacked or bitten by dangerous and vicious dogs. To ensure this, the main message should be prepared before the visit and should be rather polite and precise (Schraufnagel, 2013). For example, “please, play a leadership role in the development of a policy aimed at the reduction of the threat of being injured by dangerous and vicious dogs”. It is considered that the best way to protect the public is to ban particular breeds of the dogs, making them illegal in the Village of Lincolnwood. Still, less radical interventions should also be recommended, such as special license, compulsory microchipping, and making the owners legally responsible for their dogs attacking others (British Veterinary Association, 2013). In this way, the professional will see that the issue was discussed from different perspectives
Introduction Corporate fraud is a serious matter (Fusaro & Miller, 2002). In the past, consumers only need to worry about thieves in the night and armed robbers (Salinger, 2005). But in modern times, criminals can be found in corporate offices (Kotler & Lee, 2005). The way accountants and executives committed fraud at Enron and WorldCom is a good example of corporate fraud (Post, Preston, & Sachs, 2002). Business ethics is an important issue as seen in the following case studies. Relevant Facts of Mini Case #1 Chris had to impress his superiors in order to get a promotion. He wants to become a branch manager, but two years after his first training assignment, the bank still relies on him as a management trainee. In one occasion he came across an ethical dilemma. A new teller named Carole Baker made a mistake. A customer came in to use the drive-thru service of a particular bank and asks the teller to process a $100 check. But she records it as $1000 dollar check. Thus, the ledger promptly shows a deficit of $900. If the management discovers the problem, then Carole Baker will lose her job. Chris decides to call the customer to explain the error. But the customer said that he received only a hundred dollars. Chris knew that he can do two things. He can report the error and expects Carole to be fired from her job. The second thing that he can do is to take the $900 from the customer’s account. In the meantime he can also place the amount in a temporary suspense account to balance the ledger, so that Carole can keep her job. Ethical Issues The first ethical issue is related to the dishonesty of the customer. The client decides to keep the money that is the result of an error. He should have returned the money in order to help Carole Baker keep her job. But the client refuses to do so. As a result Chris and Carole Baker are in an ethical predicament. Chris can decide to make a formal report or decide to help Carole. If Chris decides to do what was expected, then he can continue with his job. But if he decides to help Carole, then he can jeopardize his career. He will not be promoted and there is a possibility of administrative charges can be filed against him. If Chris decides to move the funds from the customer to finance the deficit in the ledger, then it is also an example of a white-collar crime. If Chris decides to help Carole, then one option is to remove the funds from the customer’s account. This seems to be a wise choice considering that the customer stole the money from the teller. It is a white-collar crime because he is a willing participant and he made it possible to steal the said funds. He must carefully consider his actions based on its impact to the primary stakeholders. The primary stakeholders are the client who took the money, Carole Baker, Chris, the bank managers and the other clients of the bank. Possible Alternatives Chris cannot afford to move funds around. The customer will soon discover that $900 is missing from his account. He can sue the bank and the bank will take serious disciplinary actions against Chris. One possible alternative is to ask Carole if she can borrow money from other people
Overview Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is one of the common health challenges in aging persons. The health condition is one of the major causes of deaths and health complications for individuals that above sixty five years. Congestive Heart Failure is not only a major cause of health complication and death in aging individuals but also contribute high number of re-admission among aging person. Moreover, treating Congestive Heart Failure cost a fortune and is a major challenge to families with a CHF patient. Considering its significance to the health of aging persons, Health care provision for aging persons should therefore consider CHF management. Because of increased cases of CHF and its health and cost implications, various recent research studies have focused towards coming up with better CHF management (Whalley, et a., 2002; Ross, J., et al., 2010; Goldberg, et al., 2005; Colonna, et al., 2003). Congestive Heart Failure as an area of research is not fully exhausted despite of many research studies dedicated to it. This paper will discuss the process involved in coming up with a topic for research study, resources for information, search strategy and summary, and evaluation of sources. Problem Statement The major challenge in management of Congestive Heart Failure is frequent re-admission of CHF patients. Considering health risk and treatment cost implication, re-admission of CHF patients have high implication to the patients, their families and health care providers. The cause of frequent re-admission of CHF patients have been a subject to many researchers. Among the frequently proposed causes of re-admission, include narrow understanding of the health condition among patients and poor adherence to treatment and diet. Other proposed causes of re-admission include poor management of other health conditions such as respiratory infection and hypertension. In addition, poor discharge and planning and poor follow up of patients are cited as possible factors that contribute to increased CHF re-admission cases (Reis, et al., 1997; Jaarsma, et al., 1998). Most of literature addressing hospitalization of CHF patients agree that much can be done reduce re-admission cares and improve quality of life of CHF (Kornowski, Zeeli, Averbuch, et al . 1995; Smith, Fabbri, Pai, et al .,1997; Rich, Beckham, Wittenberg, et al. , 1995). This study will revisit re-admission of CHF patients in relation to medication compliance, diet modification and community health programs. The study will also explore the role of case management in mitigating re-admission. In order to address the problem, the study will seek to provide answers to the question: What are the reasons why Congestive Heart Failure cases have high number of admissions? Problem Symptoms or Evidence Congestive heart failure refers to a health condition where the heart is unable pump enough blood to other body parts especially c
Introduction In the recent years, there has been emphasis on business approaches. The idea has highlighted need for a mechanism to elicit, represent and validate the requirements that would focus on co-development activities that aim at enhancing alignment between support technical systems and business processes (Vasilecas, 1983). After several studies and researches, experts and scholars brought the idea of systems development as a solution to the business problem. In systems development, the key challenge encountered during domain experts’ engagement is to articulate, agree and validate the systems. The challenge is usually common in the early requirements’ phase where multiple parties from different organization’s divisions need to come to a consensus of the intended systems (Vacilecas, 1983). Decisions made at this level should focus on the effects of the economic and technical feasibility of the project. The professionals in information systems should not only focus on the functionality and non-functionality of the intended systems but should also focus on the organizational needs and contexts (Vacilecas, 1983). In the development of the information systems, the first stage is to describe and model the real problem that provides the need for the system. The modelling process gives way to facilitate the analyst-client communication. This process is therefore mainly used to bring the analyst and stockholders on the agreement of the intended systems as agreed during their engagements. This paper examines information systems, enterprise resource planning, different information systems, development approaches or methods and their illustration with diagrams, the intended retail industry with clarification of the reasons for the industry and finally the conclusion of the report (Vacilecas, 1983). Information Systems An information system is a combination of integrated information technology and people, who support, manage and make decisions (Reynolds & Stair, 2011). Its purpose is to enhance communication or interactions between people, data, technology and process. The term does not, therefore, refer to software and technology used in communication in an organization but also includes people who interact and support the technology. In business, an information system mainly focuses on the end use of the information technology (Lang, Wojtkowski, & Wojtkowski, 2009). It, therefore, serves the end users in a business. It works to process information in a business through capturing, storing, transmitting, manipulating, retrieving and displaying information. The system thus acts to inter-relate data and activity systems. Information system consists of computers, people, procedures/instructions, and stored facts. The IS may be categorized into four parts depending on the intended purpose. These categories are the management information systems, transaction-processing systems, executive information systems and decision support system (Lang, Wojtkowski & Wojtkowski, 2009). Enterprise Resource Planning An enterprise reso
Introduction Business investments participate in many communal activities that may not be directly related to their operations. It is necessary to note that these activities are usually done within the community where the business is located. This is one way of ensuring the business appreciates the benefits given to it by the community (Baumol 2007). Therefore, these activities do not generate profits to the business but are a reflection of the appreciation of the business to the community. This essay explores the significance of corporate social responsibility and how it affects the operations of a business. Definition Corporate social responsibility refers to all activities a business performs to ensure it interacts with the community. These activities do not generate profit or increase sales directly but are meant to strengthen the bond between a business and its neighbors (Friedman 1970). They include sponsoring community activities like sports and participation in other public initiatives like cleaning and tree planting. It is highly recommended that the community takes part in these activities to promote bonding between them and the business. Impacts of Corporate Social Responsibilities Friedman argues that a business that participates in social activities will have advantages over the one that does not. Businesses must develop programmes that will ensure they are actively involved in communal activities. It is necessary to explain that corporate social responsibility ensures that the business widens its market in the community through the following ways. First, a business has to ensure that it has established rapport with the local community through establishing programmes that will promote interactions between workers and the community. Their operations are deemed part of the community since they take place within the boundaries of the community. People from the same community must live with each other well and coexist without conflicts. However, since most business activities do not directly involve the participation of the community it is necessary to establish forums where the community will interact with employees (Friedman 1970). The only way this is possible is through the establishment of programs like tree planting, cleaning and sports. Even though, a business may not necessary participate in these activities it can make them identify with it through branding these activities with its label (Stout 2012). This will make sure that everybody understands that the company is the sponsor of that activity. Most companies print playing kits or label town seats with their names to make sure the public knows that they have sponsored the programme. Secondly, Friedman claims that this activity is one way of ensuring that the business appreciates the contributions of the society in developing and implementing its policies. It is necessary to note that a business relies on the community for labour and raw materials to be used various processes (Friedman 1970). Therefore, it is important for the business to appreciate the role of th
Plan of action analysis The plan of action was developed to improve the student registration process at the college. It involved the introduction of computer technology in the registration process and included an online application for admissions. The same process proved to be successful in other colleges as it had made the registration process enjoyable and faster. Outcome Introducing technology in the registration process increased efficiency and improved time management as per the first objective. The technology used in student registration made the registration process to take less time for all the students who sent their applications online. Hence, all their registration details were already stored in the college database. Besides, online registration minimized the use of manual paperwork during the registration process as the shortlisted students were just required to provide proof of identification (Barrett, 2003). The registration process became more efficient due to the reduction in the number of registration staff because they are only tasked with the transfer of the students’ information to their respective departments. Therefore, the extra staff from the registration desk were reassigned to other tasks. The second aim was to eliminate unnecessary stages of registration and bureaucracy when registering new students. This was achieved since when a student applied online for admission, most of their information was obtained, and there was no requirement to provide similar papers during the actual physical registration. This repetition was what the new students had found unnecessary and not enjoyable but its elimination made the registration process quicker, and they had time to explore the college and adapt to their new environment (Barrett, 2003). The last aim was to ensure that the process was done without any form of bias irrespective of race, religion, or other social beliefs. The use of computers during the registration process provided minimal chances for bias since computers do not have any prejudice unless they were pre-programmed. Also, the reduction in the number of registration staff meant a prejudice reduction, as the staff members could have discriminated against the students. The students too were able to get enough time to interact with their course advisors since the registration process was fast, this enabled them to avoid having biased opinions about their course advisors (Barrett, 2003). Dimensional Analysis The dimension used was the computer application, and it was the main component in the working proposal. The objectives were met, despite the slight modifications needed, such as the type of database used to store the students’ details, which needed upgrading constantly for more efficiency and to accommodate more in
Introduction Based on the data presented in Chapters 2 and 3 of the book a grim future for humanity is seen wherein farmlands have turned into deserts, freshwater is nonexistent, the climate is hellish and natural disasters abound as a result of the ill-advised nature of the voracious human exploitation of the planet’s resources. Insights gained from the chapters reveal that the main reason behind the problem of resource overconsumption which threatens the very future of the planet is the rampant overpopulation of humanity which threatens to drain the resources of the planet. It is revealed that as the population of humanity grows so to does the strain the human species places on the planet. This strain can be seen in the increased consumption of water which has drained underground water reservoirs; formerly lush plains turned into arid deserts and the very sky itself filled with CO2 gases as a result of humanity’s rampant consumption of fossil fuel-based products and resources. The impression I got from the book itself is that humanity can be compared to a swarm of locusts, consuming everything indiscriminately in its path and leaving nothing but ruin in its wake. I say this because if current trends are not changed what will be left will be nothing more than a dry empty shell of a planet with few exploitable resources and nothing more than a hellish environmental scenario for future generations. As such in order to prevent this future from coming to pass one of first initiatives that should be undertaken is population control since with fewer people utilizing resources the more time humanity has in fixing the problems it started. The Problem of Overpopulation The inherent problem with the concept of overpopulation is the fact that the finite resources available on Earth cannot hope to support the potentially infinite expansion of humanity. The Earth itself is a closed-off ecosystem with no resources entering into it, as such its surface can only support a certain population of species, both human and animal alike before the ecosystem inevitably collapses in on itself as a result of a severe strain on the planet’s natural and ecological resources. Nature itself has a specific system of prevention in place that prevents populations from growing beyond their means due to the predator and prey dynamic. Humanity, which long ago evolved to be the dominant species on the planet, does not have an imposed system of control placed upon it by natural forces and as a result can expand exponentially due to this apparent freedom. It is this exponential expansion that I believe is at the heart of today’s problems involving land, water, and climate change. While there are initiatives towards conservation and the use of renewable energy resources through energy transition the fact remains that such initiatives will become totally useless in the face of a growing human population that has already exceeded the means by which the Earth can support it. An Examination of an Inconve
Introduction In all parts of the world, people interact and in one way or the other share their ways of life. On the same note, people are curious about how others carry out their life which makes them learn different methods of accomplishing tasks. The process by which cultural traits and items are spread from one individual to another, either within a particular cultural setting or from one culture to another is known as cultural diffusion (Blij, Peter and Jan 250). In many instances, cultural diffusion leads to change in the way different activities are accomplished. It is important to note that cultural diffusion is influenced by various factors and has several effects. Factors influencing Cultural Diffusion Interaction between individuals leads to increased chances of people learning how others carry out their activities. As a result, cultural diffusion takes place at different rates in various parts. Consequently, increased interactions between people increase the rate of cultural diffusion (Zeder 8). Unfortunately, other parts are far apart and interaction does not easily occur. Therefore, travelling plays a crucial role in cultural diffusion for places that are geographically far apart. People moving from one place to settle in other places or just for leisure, are always fascinated by the different ways in which things are done. Subsequently, they learn the new ways and also pick some other cultural items which they take back to their homes. On the same note, people have come to embrace the need to accommodate cultural diversity that is present in our society. As a result, they have found it worthwhile to learn other people’s cultural traits to enhance harmonious living. As a result, culture has been spread even faster in recent times than it was anciently. Effects of Cultural Dif
Introduction In a few decades, rapid globalization has led to increased job opportunities for all people, and the psychological and physiological well-being of employees became of primary significance for the efficient working process (Vainio, 2015). According to Hiriyappa (2013), stress is inevitable at the workplace as far as people who work with schedules and who have to manage everything within the particular time limit are more likely to feel the pressure. Main body Work stress can be both positive and negative. (Hiriyappa, 2013). Stress can enhance an employee’s performance at the job if it is not excessive (Britt & Jex, 2015). Eighty percent of workers in America state that they feel stress at work and do not know how to cope with it, and twenty-six percent claim that they have burnout because of stressful jobs (The American Institute of Stress, n.d.). Work-related stress affects people on the emotional, mental, and physiological levels (Patel, 2013). Mental symptoms of work-related stress are difficulties in decision-making, lack of concentration; emotional symptoms may include anxiety, feelings of hostility, guilt, cynicism, depression, or fear; physiological symptoms of stress — tension in muscles, headaches, irregular breathing, or sweating (Patel, 2013). All these symptoms reduce employees’ working abilities and hinder job performance (Dar, Akmal, Naseem, & Khan, 2011). Conclusion The primary task of every employer is to recognize stress as far as most employees never state that they have mental or emotional problems (Horner, 2014). The proper prevention of work-related stress is essential for successful outcomes, and it should include interventions that aim at reducing the stressful environment (Mishra, 2011). The enhancement of employee resilience results in better work performance and well-being of all personnel (Leon & Halbesleben, 2013).