ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Employee theft is one of the most common types of crimes committed in organizations operating across all business domains. Statistical data shows that the total annual amount stolen by employees from businesses equals the US $50 billion, which on average, results in 7% profit loss ( Employee thefts statistics 2017). According to Greenberg and Barling (2001), about 28% of all thefts at the workplace occur in manufacturing, 33% − in hospitals, and up to 62% − in retail. This type of occupational crime may be associated with either merchandise loss or direct modification of prices and transactions with the purpose of benefiting oneself. Considering that any form of employee theft induces substantial harm to the financial performance of companies, the integration of adequate crime prevention procedures in the corporate security system is of great importance. Nowadays, a lot of potential solutions to the problem of crime in the workplace exist. Some of them are based on finding a right balance between the implementation of crime deterrent technologies and skilled personnel, while others may focus on an analytical approach to various issues of employee theft, such as individual motivations for engagement in crime, the overall level of organizational morale, and possible external causes of illegal behaviors. To understand which of the available solutions can benefit employers in employee theft prevention most, it is essential to review the major theories explaining criminal behavior at the workplace. After the appraisal of theoretical ideas, relevant prevention methods will be analyzed in the given paper. The review of the literature will help identify to what extent the security manager can utilize different theft prevention techniques in the workplace and propose some practical recommendations that might allow employers to increase security efficiency. Literature Review Rational Choice Theory The rational choice theory suggests that “offenders follow certain, often predictable pathways and that they make judgments based on cost-benefit analysis, however quick and rudimentary” (Schneider 2014, p. 43). It means that people always tend to calculate the possible costs and benefits of their actions. Naturally, individuals will incline in favor of an act that might allow them to avoid pain and multiply pleasure even if they have to do something illegal. It is implied that when an employee steals from his or her employer, he or she takes advantage of available opportunities associated with an insignificant risk of detection while providing significant potential for personal benefit. As observed by Hollinger and Davis (2006), “self-interested offenders are primarily motivated by the pursuit of financial gain” (p. 208). Still, the forces driving individual motivations ca
Chinese traditional cuisine has been recognized from the viewpoint for its rich history and, therefore, it has gained the world’s reputation due to its sophisticated nature. In particular, traditional Chinese cuisine and foods reflect the richness of Chinese culture, including a range of vegetables, jellyfish and salted fish, tofu-derived products, and rice-related food. The overview of selected products, as well as the techniques of preparing food in China, provides a wider picture of Chinese culture. In particular, Li and Hsieh (2004) assert, “food in China is not consumed merely to satisfy hunger, but for health promotion, treating diseases and, most importantly, building relationships among people and enhancing family values” (p. 147). Thus, the basic Chinese diet consists of such cultivated crops as rice and soybean. Chinese music has a long history and constitutes an integral part of Chinese culture. It is mostly represented by Cantonese instrumental and operatic music, which dates back to folk melodies and gave rise to modern Chinese opera. According to Huai Sheng (2005), “Cantonese instrumental music has played a key role in the development of traditional Chinese instrumental music at large” (p. 1). Due to the increased cross-cultural communication, Chinese music has rapidly spread to other civilizations, including Western societies. Especially attention requires the second half of the nineteenth century, the time when operatic music has penetrated to Vancouver. Xu et al. (2009) have detected that the Chinese verbal communication style is premised on the mode preference paradox, which relies on the preference of speakers to obtain information on probabilities of the event in numerical terms but verbally renders this information. Verbal preferences are prevalent in Chinese-speaking communities. The prevalence of the communication preference model occurs among Chinese culture more frequently. Mandarin, Cantonese, and Min are considered primary languages in China. However, these varieties of the Chinese language are often regarded as their dialects (Tsung, 2012). Due to the lack of distinction between languages in terms of understanding of primary and secondary language in China, there is rigid debate within the context of Chinese culture. In addition, Tsung (2012) focuses on the study of major language groups – Yi and Han Chinese – to define that the Yi language and its varieties have been inter
With thrombosis of the lower extremities’ veins, blood clots or blood clots form cavities, which interfere with the normal movement of blood. Over time, they can clog the venous lumen and even come off, ending in the heart, lungs, and other organs (Dalen, 2016). Unfortunately, it is often impossible to timely determine the initial symptoms of thrombosis of the leg vessels. However, if the skin changes color and swelling occurs where the blood clot is located, these are signs of vascular disease. When thrombosis progresses, its symptoms appear: acute pain and heaviness in the patient’s legs. These symptoms are provoked by the venous congestion below the site of thrombosis. The main causes of the disease’s development are blood clotting and damage to the vein wall (Thachil & Bagot, 2018). In addition, long journeys and old age exacerbate the risk of serious problems. It is also possible that the patient is taking medications that increase blood clotting, so it is necessary to ask him about this to be sure of the diagnosis. Ways to make an accurate diagnosis include duplex scanning, radiopaque phlebography, MRI, or CT. The combination of these methods will most accurately determine the severity and nature of the disease. After that, a doctor can prescribe a suitable treatment. Of the drugs, it can be injections of heparin and capsules of anticoagulants. If these methods do not help, then thrombolysis is necessary, which promotes resorption of blood clots. With the most severe outcome, surgery will be required. Undoubtedly, this is the last thing to do since it is always important to use all the other methods before making it. It may also be dangerous in the age of the considered patient. Thus, it is vital to use other methods and try to avoid any harmful consequences. Not only this will help cure thrombosis, but also save patient’s life.
Introduction When selecting a health IT (HIT) system, several stakeholders should be involved to work collaboratively for the success of the exercise. According to Nelson and Staggers (2018), any form of HIT initiative requires the close coordination of various players to ensure that all health-related data are managed well and patient privacy is protected to enhance service delivery. The following are the stakeholders that are involved in the selection of a HIT system – Board members, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief medical officer, medical department leaders, clinicians, office managers, billing department, and front office staff members. Goals and Interests Clinical Goals (Chief Medical Officer, Medical Department Leaders, and Clinicians) Chief medical officer and medical department leaders have shared clinical goals and interests. They are important to this selection process because they offer useful clinical advice and insights concerning how the HIT system should be operated. They give their input and feedback from a leadership perspective by raising all pertinent issues upfront. Specifically, these stakeholders are concerned with the hospital’s needs together with how the proposed system would affect the overall organizational mission and vision. On their part, clinicians play a central role in the selection of a HIT system because they are involved in its day-to-day usage to facilitate decision-making for quality and timely service delivery to patients (Van de Wetering, 2018). Therefore, they know which system would be most suitable to address the underlying needs to ensure that patient needs are addressed comprehensively for improved care provision. Given that clinicians are mainly the end-users of HIT systems, their feedback and input are invaluable. Operational Goals (Office Managers, Front Office Staff, and Billing Department) For any HIT system to work effectively, office managers, front office staff, and those working in the billing department should be involved. Office managers and front office staff are the first individuals to engage patients when they visit a healthcare setup. Therefore, the input of these stakeholders is important, as they know the nature of problems that should be addressed by the HIT system. Their goal is to ensure that the system facilitates quick and easy customer service, especially when taking the initial patient information and entering it into the system. Similarly, the billing department is involved to ensure that the proposed system integrates functions that support the billing process. For instance, the HIT should be robust enough to link with the various health insurance companies and different payer systems available in the market. Financial Goals (Board Members, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer) The selec
Introduction Terrorism activities are spread all over the world. People from various parts of the globe throw bombs and other war devices towards innocent citizens claiming one reason or the other. Terrorism is defined as violent actions that are aimed at instilling fear to people as a means of coercing them to submit to ideologies of a certain group. Though people have argued that terrorism is thriving nowadays because morality, religion and social order have failed, some feel there is more than just that. It should be noted that terrorist attacks do not take into account the welfare of non-combatants and are carried out due to political, social or economical reasons. Political Causes Many people feel that they are being oppressed by their governments and that it is their duty to extricate themselves from the repressive regimes. Using labeling theory, it can be noted that some people want to be identified as the ones who liberated the country. As a result, these people will use terrorism to compel other citizens to stop cooperating with the government. The labeling theory further explains that this group considers it an achievement when they are identified as terrorists. This is the kind of terrorism that took place in 2001 in the United States. Social Causes Arguably, this is the main cause of terrorism in the world. The neutralizing theory outlines that criminals use various reasons to validate their actions. In this regard, terrorists have been known to use religious teachings in justifying their atrocities. There are those people who believe that their religion is the most upright one. These people would want every other person to accept their definition and opinion about religion. They divide people into we and them where “we” are those who agree with their ideologies and “them” refers to the rest of the people. However, it is important to note that these people do not represent the beliefs of their religion per se, but rather an interpretation of a certain group about religion. On the other hand, differential association theory states that there are people who just join terrorist groups because they will want to be associated with certain people. To these group of people, social solidarity is far much important than anything else. Economic Reasons Economic empowerment has been the cause of resistance since time immemorial. Communists and people who subscribe to Karl Marx’s ideas believe that rich people or governments oppress the poor ones. Therefore, they believe that there is nothing to loose by joining resistance groups. On the contrary, they have a common consensus that they have everything to gain if they fight for their rights. Just as outlined by the self-control theory, people who lack self control easily join the terrorist groups. It is important to note that the availability of old weapons in developing countries, which are easily acquired, has contributed to terrorism. On the same note, rewarding of perpetrators of terrorism by the terrorist groups highly influences terrorism. As depicted by social learning
Introduction Air travelling is one of the most popular and constantly growing industries in the whole world. People want to use airlines to get to destination points in a short period; people want to work in the sphere of aircraft and try to improve the conditions under which the airline industry can be improved. The success of the chosen industry depends on the success of each airline company and their abilities to introduce appropriate authorities, airports, and services for passengers (Cento 2009). This paper aims at discussing the peculiarities of two airline companies and comparing their success factors, leadership strategies, and cultural consideration. Southwest Airlines (SWA) and Emirates Airlines are two competitive organisations from different continents that have many things in common and introduce a variety of managerial approaches to succeed in the airline industry. Their cultural differences, priorities, services, and leadership styles identify the chosen companies as the powerful figures in the airline industry and the examples of how services have to be offered to passengers and how a successful company has to be organised inside. The comparison of Southwest Airlines and Emirates Airlines is a chance to comprehend how cultural and regional diversities may define the quality of services, improve the airline industry, and provide people with appropriate working conditions and consumer services; the analysis of the companies’ leadership strategies and organisational behaviour shows that different approaches and attitudes to the idea of airline services can create two powerful organisations that can work and get improved constantly. Literature Review During a long period, the airline industry has faced certain challenges, the necessity to follow the standards and meet the requirements (Truxal 2013). The existing competitions make airline companies think about different methods to achieve goals and profits (Lumpe 2012) such as the minimisation of aircraft turnaround times or cheaper fares (Tierney & Kuby 2008). The choice of the method depends a lot on the native country of a company and its working region. Such dependence influences the style of leadership, the working conditions, and even the identification of ethical considerations that have to be followed by the staff. The current technological progress and a variety of passengers’ needs and expectations promote the corrections and innovations in the airline industry as well. Organisations have to be ready to analyse their success factors and weaknesses and explain what steps they have already taken and are going to take to succeed in organising and developing. The overview of the airline industry shows that this kind of industry has undergone many changes during the last 70 years including the development of jet airplanes or jumbo jets (Blockley 2014). The development t
The Problem HIV/AIDS is a disease that is easily transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and pregnancy. The HIV virus weakens the victim’s immune system and after some point the disease becomes the medical condition known as AIDS. At this point the body can no longer counter the effects of infection. But the worst part of all is the fact that there is no known cure. Thus, the disease can spread from one village to the next and from one city to the next to overwhelm local governments and health officials. It will eventually become an epidemic if nothing can be done to stop the spread of the disease. It is a lethal medical condition that once infected the carrier of the virus is expected to die but this does not have to be the case for most people, if only they can have access to treatment that can mitigate the impact of the disease. Dimensions of the Problem The problem with HIV/AIDS is not only limited to the mortality rate and the epidemiology of the disease but also the social problems that it brings. First of all AIDS can easily shorten the life expectancy of the patient. This is especially true in places where there is no adequate healthcare system that can help in mitigating the impact of HIV/AIDS. In addition to the healthcare aspect of the problem there is also the social side of the issue. In the early years of its history, HIV was linked to homosexuals and drug addicts. Thus, when the community finds out that a person has AIDS then the inevitable isolation and persecution can occur. In addition there is still widespread ignorance of the disease and therefore the fear of infection is high even if scientifically speaking it is impossible for a person to get infected unless specific conditions are met. Evaluating Evidence The study used scientific data as well as historical data. The study traced the emergence of the disease as well as the response of different nations. There was a section that provided an overview of the organizations and the personalities involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Aside from science and history the study also used textual evidence, specifically literature, to show that the concern for AIDS/HIV has gone global. The study highlighted an advertising campaign with the catchphrase “Don’t Die of Ignorance” and it was printed on a leaflet that was distributed in every household in Great Britain (Whiteside, p.103). The study also mentioned the use of multimedia to enhance the campaign against the deadly disease. The study was carefully put together and as a result there is almost no way to misinterpret what the author tried to convey. It is clear that the cause of the problem is HIV/AIDS and that the impact of the disease is the reason why other issues emerged such as poverty, gender inequality, corruption in government etc. Howev
Introduction Over the past few years, firms within the health care industry in the US have experienced an increment in their profitability. One of the factors that contributed to the profitability relates to the high rate at which firms’ in the industry are incorporating the concept of mergers and joint ventures. The changes in the market have culminated into an increment in the intensity of competition amongst firms in the industry. In an effort to attain an optimal market position, most health care organizations are increasingly considering the best competitive strategy to adopt. As one of the firms operating within the industry, our organization is considering entering into a joint venture with potential health care firms operating within the society. However, the firm expects to experience a challenge arising from the recent policies that have been implemented by the presidential administration. The White House has implemented policies to increase regulations with regard to mergers and joint ventures. As a result, mergers and joint ventures will experience a high level of scrutiny. One of the reasons that explain the increase in the intensity of regulation arises from the fact that the US administration intends to minimize the number of options available to consumers. Due to these changes, organizations will be required to be more vigilant in the process of undertaking mergers, forming partnerships and joint ventures. This paper is aimed at evaluating the diverse laws and regulations that will guide joint ventures and competition. Understanding these laws will be a great source of insight for the firm in understanding the challenges that it might experience as a result of increased government intervention. Laws that govern joint ventures and competition Antitrust laws The US government has incorporated a number of antitrust laws which are aimed at controlling business operations. Antitrust laws are aimed at preventing businesses from engaging in unfair business practices for example unfair competition or formation of unjust monopolies (Federal Trade Commission, 2009, p. 293). Antitrust laws prohibit businesses from entering into unlawful associations or horizontal arrangements with their competitors. Under antitrust laws, such arrangements are considered unlawful if their core objective is to develop monopoly power in the market. Antitrust laws also restrict certain relationships with competitors such as an arrangement aimed at establishing a collective refusal to deal with a certain business enterprise (establishing group boycotts). Such a r
Introduction This is an internship development report on Hydra Trading LLC (Hydra), which provides logistic services to the army, but does not have a quality standard for its products, services, procedures, and processes. The report shows all stages involved in developing the company to achieve the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard. It identifies weaknesses of the company, methods used to locate weaknesses, and methods of upgrading these weaknesses in order to improve quality standards within the company. The need for a quality management system is a strategic decision for Hydra, which can facilitate processes and procedures of logistic services and products. The firm must meet various needs, specific objectives, products, and services in its quality management systems (ANSI/ASQ, 2000). This report covers 15 weeks and provides recommendations on how to achieve ISO standard for the company. Hydra Trading is a logistic solution provider to “the United Arab Emirates (UAE) military, civil defence, government organisations, public, and private Sectors”. Internship Log File Weekly Report Week 1 Date                    Activity                                                                Who                                                                 Discussion of the results,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  conclusions, and recommendations                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          * Logistics Analyst: Roles include:                                 * Identification of key processes (quality management processes for safe delivery of products and services)                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Evaluate all activities of logistic process                      1. Resources management