ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
If we are to talk about the economic environment, what factors must be considered? How do these factors affect the growth of the economy? How does the state maintain good economic growth? These are some questions that enter an individual’s mind when it comes to the economy. The economy is defined as the proper management of resources in an area. In simple words, the economy of a state is dependent on how to sustain the needs of the people with the existing resources. One important consideration in analyzing the economic environment is the fuel economy. It is a fact that the oil price hike affects not the only cost of transportation but also affects the cost of living, specifically the increase of prices of basic commodities like food, transportation, and housing. As written by Durham, it was stated by President Bush that the increase in gasoline prices will cause slow growth in the economy because consumer tends to lessen the use of power. Hence, this will lessen the amount of gasoline to be purchased. The significance of fuel in producing and transporting food shows a direct relationship between fuel and food. This relationship explains that if there is a high demand for fuel, there is also high demand for food. The supply and demand of fuel and food are greatly affected by population growth, climate change, and land conversion. Population growth increases the demand for food while land conversion, which refers to the changing of agricultural land to industrial and residential lands, decreases food supply. Because of the continuous oil price hike, the supply of biofuels has increased. Since bio-fuels are extracted from oil-producing-crop and it has a higher price in the market, farmers shift to planting oil-producing crops rather than planting food crops. This situation leads to a decrease in the food supply which causes food shortage. The United Nations is an international organization that aims to implement international laws, provide social and economic security, and protect human rights. One of the specialized programs of the UN is the Food and Agriculture Organization which is responsible for international food security. The UN warned that the worldwide food shortage, where there is a price increase, can threaten economic security and growth, and social security and development. The New York Mercantile Exchange is the world’s leading company in the oil industry. It is found that the price of oil in 2008 has increased three times since 2004. Erbe cited that the price hike was based on the volume and instability of oil every day. The continuous oil crisis is also caused by the low exchange rate of the dollar. The lower the exchange rate of the dollar, the lesser amount of oil can be bought with the same amount. The low exchange ra
Introduction It is important to note that many stories of the past focus on the ideas of courage, bravery, honor, and strength. These values are especially relevant among the knights, who are pledged to adhere to specific moral codes, which oblige them to be as such. The story of Sir Gawain and his encounter with the Green Knight is unique in this regard. On the surface, the story explores the concept of deception and honesty, but the storyline also highlights a more psychological idea. Sir Gawain acts in the ways he does because the respect of other men is the most important thing to him, rather than the moral codes and values of knighthood. Brief Summary In order to properly analyze the story and provide arguments in favor of the thesis, it is important to briefly summarize the plotline. Sir Gawain is a young knight of the Round Table, who agrees to the deal with the powerful and formidable Green Knight, who asks to be beheaded by Sir Gawain, and in return, the latter’s head will be beheaded by the Green Knight. Sir Gawain travels to the Green Chapel to honor his part of the deal and plays a game with the lord of the chapel (Davis 22). The two exchange the received goods each day, where the host gives his hunting loot, and Sir Gawain gives back whatever he receives during the day. The lord’s wife continuously attempts to seduce the knight, which is why Sir Gawain kisses the host each day to honor his deal. On the third day, Sir Gawain receives a magical sash, which protects the wearer from any harm, and knowing that he is confronting the Green Knight, the protagonist keeps the belt to himself. The Green Knight reveals himself being the lord, which shows the cowardice of Sir Gawain (Davis 29). The latter returns to the circle, ashamed and embarrassed, but other knights comfort and honor him instead. Foolishness and Bravery Firstly, Sir Gawain accepts the challenge offered by the Green Knight because the former wants to receive King Arthur’s as well as other knights’ respect and approval. Being among the youngest knights of the circle, it is evident that he might not be perceived as the bravest and the strongest, which is why Sir Gawain is willing to step forward during the Green Knight’s offer. The latter proposes to behead him with the same favor to be returned at a later date (Pierson 9). Considering the Green Knight’s large size and stature, even King Arthur was not foolish enough to challenge such an individual. Therefore, it seemed to be a perfect opportunity for Sir Gawain to outshine his peers and become the bravest in the circle by accepting the offer. It is stated that the story is less focused on “physical adversity and more on illicit desire and his own cowardice in the face of death. To become a hero, Gawain has to meet the Green Knight’s challenge” (Sims par. 4). In other words, the protagonist was willing to accept his death after a year in order to obtain the social approval of the knights and King Arthur. Journey of Cowardice Secondly, Sir Gawain journeys to find the Green Chapel in order to avoid appearing as a coward. Like the first argument, the protagonist travels to the destination, n
Introduction Tanzania is one of the largest economies in Africa with agriculture being the country’s main source of income. According to 2016/17 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Tanzania’s economy grew by 7.2% in 2016, in accord with a trend displayed in recent years (World Bank). This growth has been influenced by the steady development of local private corporations and the consumption of local products and services. The main industries that experienced growth during these years include the construction industry, service sectors, ports, and telecommunication. The barriers to doing business in Tanzania include poor infrastructure, corruption, tax evasion, and inadequate access to funding for local entrepreneurs. The ports constructed in 2015 have also been the main driver for growth due to the low prices of exporting, importing, and oil. Natural Resources Apart from agriculture and wildlife, Tanzania has a wide range of natural resource deposits that contribute to the economy. Some of the metallic minerals that are being exploited in Tanzania include gold, copper, silver, nickel, iron ore, and cobalt. Other precious metals and gemstones include diamonds, ruby, pearl, and garnets. Tanzania has large deposits of industrial minerals like limestone, salt, phosphates, gypsum, and soda ash. Other minerals include energy source deposits such as uranium and coal. The mining activities of these minerals have been a main source of employment for the Tanzanian citizens and also a source of income for the government through taxes paid. Some of the minerals are also used in local industries and construction which has contributed to the recent economic growth. Governmental Support The government of Tanzania is encouraging local entrepreneurship by facilitating how young people start businesses and minimizing barriers that are likely to discourage them. Local entrepreneurs in Tanzania have a role in unlocking economic growth through the creation of employment, value addition to local resources, and local economic growth through paying taxes (TanzaniaInvest). The government focuses on capital availability for the aspiring local entrepreneurs and local policies that enhance innovation of business processes. The SME policy of 2013 is one example of policies that are constantly updated to control the economy through equ
American History Theodore Roosevelt is known as the 26 th President of the United States and the first president to have served the full cadence in the 20 th century. It is no wonder that his presidency was marked by a series of measures which as a result have influenced the course of American history of the previous century. Theodore Roosevelt is known as one of the key figures of the Era of Progressivism famous for their great achievements in politics, economics as well as in civil rights. Being a qualified biologist he tried scientific approaches to social problems he had to deal with. He sought for a harmony similar to that which exists in nature. The policy of the Square Deal is viewed as the most famous and successful Theodore Roosevelt’s brainchild. The Square Deal included three basic components: control of trusts (trust-busting), consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources (conservationism) 1 . To reduce the power and influence of trusts which succeeded to had gaining control over two-fifths of American industrial output, Roosevelt nicknamed the Trust-Buster did his best to increase the federal authorities’ power. A series of such regulatory acts as the 1903 Elkins Act and 1906 Hepburn Act helped much to split monopolies into dozens of smaller competing with each other. This notwithstanding the Trust-Buster was not persistent enough about such matters as civil rights. He was the first President to have invited an African –American (Booker T. Washington) at eh white House to dinner however after the media outcry he became reluctant to make any further advancements concerning African-American civil rights. Nevertheless, Roosevelt consistently defied anti-Semitism. He was the first American President who appointed a Jew to the federal government. Woodrow Wilson is known as another key figure of American Progressivism. This President has made considerable advancements in American legislation including improvements in anti-trust legislation. According to the 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act 2 some business practices were made illegal. These were regulations forbidding retailers to handle other companies’ goods, price discrimination; directorates were forbidden to manage other companies. Furthermore, the new Wilsonian legislation imposed personal responsibilities upon individual officers of companies for violating anti-trust laws. Likewise, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson was not persistent in their Progressivist policies. In 1916 he had Keating–Owen Act pushed through Congress. Although this Act supposed child labor to be curtailed to offer children more opportunities for learning at school, it was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Thus child labor remained legal until 1930. Despite his efforts to
As modern technology and particularly information technology develop, new controversial and complicated ethical issues emerge. Judicial proceedings between Apple and the FBI represent the paradigm in which humanity lives now. The main value that drives the protagonist in the case is the privacy of its customers. As Apple’s products grant a variety of privacy services for its clients, the FBI demands could have threatened iPhone privacy. Other values may include freedom of speech and freedom of media-space. Apple’s position is that these values have more significance to society than the security issues such secrecy may cause. The organization tries to promote that if they provide the FBI with instruments to penetrate the encryption software of a phone, user privacy all over the globe may be threatened. As Apple’s production is used world-wide there are stakeholders both in the U.S. and abroad. The main stake is held by the users, as their private data may be at risk of external intervention. However, users are also influenced by the opposite aspect of the issue, as catching criminals may contribute to safety. The FBI is another significant stakeholder, as the ability to obtain data may increase success rates. Apple is at stake for multiple reasons, including preserving a good image and not surrendering the principles. Therefore, Apple countered the arguments, which implied that national security is more valuable than user privacy. As mentioned in the case there are several leverages to achieve Apple’s goal. First, the FBI demands violate the first amendment. Second, a precedent may be created, threatening privacy of all users of other companies. Apple should address these issues to users and technology companies in order to support its positions.
Community health nurses play a vital role in the functioning of any community. Firstly, community nurses are indispensable due to the direct treatment that they provide to patients, extending healthcare services to homes and other local facilities outside of hospitals. However, their involvement with community welfare is not limited to their primary duties. In addition to treatment, they work with the prevention of illness, establish coordination between patients and the health system, and take part in improving public health. This role is mainly carried out by nurses due to their in-depth training and the flexibility of their position in the healthcare sector (Butler & Diaz, 2017). The contribution of nurses to public health promotion may be even more extensive if they collaborate with other interested organizations. Collaboration with various community stakeholders allows for an even more efficient promotion of public health. Organizations and individuals involved in different spheres may help identify the origin of health issues, provide commentary on the social determinants of the population, and apply preventive or health-promotional measures in their respective settings. For example, joining efforts with teachers and youth center directors may utilize education to implement preventive strategies (Quinn et al., 2019). In some cases, groups of community stakeholders are created in order to address health issues in specific areas, and their efforts
Rwanda: Short Overview In the year 1994 Rwanda was shaken with a civil war that resulted in genocide. According to the World Bank Group (2015), the country is still recovering from the consequences, but the results it is achieving are significant. This is happening at least partially due to the introduction and implementation of the Rwanda’s Vision 2020. It is a complex strategy “which seeks to transform Rwanda from a low-income agriculture-based economy to a knowledge-based, service-oriented economy with a middle-income country status by 2020” (The World Bank Group, 2015, para. 3). Large investments in the country’s economy are needed to achieve this. International Funding and Rwanda Development Rwanda is one of the countries that receives the most support worldwide, which mostly presupposes donorship, not loans (Swedlund, 2013, p. 358). This support has been provided by the European Commission, the World Bank, and the African Development Bank along with individual governments (UK, US, Germany), and the received aid is being controlled by the Budget Support Harmonization Group (Swedlund, 2013, p. 363). The funding is used to achieve the goals set by the Vision 2020, and the results are claimed to be tangible. For example, the poverty rate has dropped by 14% during the period between 2001 and 2011 (The World Bank Group, 2015, para. 8). The fact that the country is still recovering from the aftermaths of war justifies its need in foreign funding. Apart from that, it has been noted that Rwanda uses the support offered quite effectively (Hayman, 2009; Swedlund, 2013). Still, it has been pointed out that foreign aid forms too large a share of the country’s budget (from 30 to 40 %), leaving Rwanda vulnerable to its fluctuation (The World Bank Group, 2015; Hayman, 2009, 584). This fact was illustrated during in 2013 when as a result of sudden foreign aid shortfall the economic growth of Rwanda decreased by about 4 % in the course of a year. It is true that the country has been even more dependent on the outside funding in the 90s (Swedlund, 2013, p. 363). Still, the reduction of country’s dependence on foreign aid is one of the goals of the Vision 2020 (The World Bank Group, 2015). Healthy Population and Rwanda Economy Following the genocide of the end of the previous century, the health state of Rwanda’s population was catastrophic. HIV was spreading as a result of raping, cholera epidemics took place in refugee camps, few children got vaccinated during the period, which resulted in high infant mortality for the next several years. Apart from that, many health workers got killed during the conflict, health facilities got destructed, and drug supply was uneven. At the time, foreign aid aimed at health care system restoring was insufficient and rather modest compared to what other African countries received (Binagwaho et al., 2014, p. 371). While it was early to worry about the extinction of the nation, at the time, health care improvement was a matter of survival for Rwanda. The results achieved through prop
Any company planning to change ownership from private to the public should analyze the prevailing economic and legal factors (Gale, 2007). An understanding of the legal requirements and laws will enable the company to come up with right the decisions for the growth of its business. As XYZ Construction Company plans to change its ownership from being a private to a public company, it should note that its legal environment would also change. The company should note that economic factors such as capital and shares have to be studied to ensure a smooth transition of ownership. As such, managers should come up with detailed and informed decisions. As the company plans to grow both domestically and internationally and change its ownership, there are several laws that should be considered. The regulations are the environmental laws, occupation laws, safety and health laws, qualification laws, public interest laws, diversity laws, antitrust laws, incorporation, bankruptcy, patents, copyrights, and consumer laws (Alavi & Pham, 2008). All these laws form the required legal framework for the operation of an organization. In the past, the United States government passed important laws to enhance business commerce. The antitrust law eliminates monopoly resulting from building up of trusts. The law of public interest is important to the community. The law checks the actions of the business against the benefits they receive in return. The employees and the public should be aware of their rights. Such laws are enshrined in the protection of interests and rights. The law of public interest guards the XYZ construction workers’ welfare and they should complain in case of any violation. It is the responsibility of the lawyers and judges to determine the public welfare by weighing it against the benefits of the company. If the company enjoys substantial benefits at the expense of the interest Of XYZ employees, the action should be considered illegal. As such, the action of XYZ can be stopped by court order in the event of a violation of workers’ rights. The other laws that affect the business’ occupations include quality, diversity, health, and safety laws. The laws that regulate the occupation in the XYZ Company should be followed strictly. According to in the United States’ economic policies and laws, the employees are required to have certain skills, qualifications and experiences before being hired or promoted. Therefore, as the company plans to change its ownership its workers should be aware of the rules and procedures of hiring public workers. Another important decree that the workers of the XYZ Company should explore before the change is implemented is the law of diversity. The law’s main objective is to enhance the employees’ rights of promotion, retention, and hiring. The law ensures that workers are not employed based on religion, gender
While there is no particular unequivocal commandment in the holy books that states ‘thou shall not permit intolerance’, it is without doubt that religious tolerance on values, truth and beliefs is yet to be realized since it is the nature of religions to compete. Studies indicate that the capacity religions have been massively affected by competition, religious condemnations and conflicts. Carlos argues that religious tolerance is an important component that encompasses a moral reason by a particular religion to practice restraint from making counterproductive utterances or interfering with the affairs of other religions (777). Different religions have diverse sets of beliefs and practices. This has bred lack of tolerance. It is from this consideration that this paper provides an in-depth analysis of Abrahamic, East Asian and South Asian religions with regards to the concept of religious tolerance. A brief analysis of the concept of religious tolerance Perhaps, Costa was correct when he indicated that a society will never be successful until it addresses fully the problem of religious tolerance among different religions (322). Religious differences in terms of practices and beliefs have been major causes of conflicts and religious disagreements in countries like Bosnia, Beirut and Belfast for many years. Of critical importance is the distressing issue of terrorism by Al Qaeda that has projected wars on a global scale. It is indeed true that religious tolerance and the problem of religious diversity present a major danger to individuals, societies and the world at large. This springs from certain religions which view themselves as better and more advanced than others (323). Owing to this peculiar alignment, these religions develop specific standards that are mostly used to define them from others and use it as the main platform for judging others. At this point, analysts tend to wonder why a religious group would disregard others and holistically undermine the need for diversity. Theologians and philosophers almost unanimously agree that religious diversity and tolerance present a challenging problem that poses epistemological challenges. The major world religions such as Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism have different belief systems which make them unique. This presents major challenges as addressed below. Abrahamitic religions Abrahanmic religions as Neal posits is a group of monotheistic faith whose beginning can be traced from Abraham and which emphasizes spiritual practices of Abraham (497). Some of the Abrahamic religions include Islam, Christianity and Judaism. The latter believe that religious practices and beliefs sprang from Abraham’s grandson named Jacob. It views God in a strictly unitary manner and pr