ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Medicaid is an American governmental health insurance program that provides medical support to those who live under the poverty line. The Federal government covers the main part of the insurance, and the other part is paid from the state’s budget. Covered options, the cost of the program, and social classes that are eligible to apply for it are decided by the state as well. The other factors that influence the individual’s permission to use it are the cost of a person’s property, invalidity, pregnancy, and the like. This insurance covers hospitalization, out-patient treatment, doctors’ service, prescribed drugs and medicine, conduction of the pregnancy, and delivery. In the article, Thompson discusses an essential issue for Medicaid: abortions and their coverage. The author states that abortions play a significant role in comprehensive reproductive health care, however in most states their financial support is limited (Thompson, 2021). This article shares liberal viewpoints as it attracts attention to the problem of such interventions that stop pregnancy and Medicaid insurance that covers them only in specific situations like rape, incest, or life endangerment. The paper introduces new ideas that introduce the idea of a new system of payments that aims to make medicine available for everyone. The second article is more conservative as it discloses the relationship between conservative states and access to contraception and Medicaid. According to Jackson (August 2020), some states did not accept federal funding in order to expand coverage in the Medicaid programs, although they have the poorest results in patients’ wellbeing. The article is conservative as it describes some states’ unchangeable attitudes toward contraception and healthcare, their reluctance to provide better conditions, and the obvious traditionalism. The states that refuse to make changes represent a conservative society where a conflict between empowered and powerless emerges based on the lack of medical insurance. I am moderate, therefore I do not follow the ideas of a certain party, organization, or community, although I am acquainted with them. I watch the news, however, usually I estimate various political, social, or natural situations by myself based on my beliefs and values. Although I support the change in Medicaid’s policy regarding prisoners, equality, and medical service availability, I think that it should not be provided to all ex-prisoners as there is a chance of recurrence.
The Amazon rainforests, which are also called the “lungs of the planet,” produce 20% of the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. This region includes vast territories that belong to several countries. Amazon rainforests have exceptional biological biodiversity since one in ten world-famous species lives in the Amazon rainforests, which makes this collection of living plants and animals the largest in the world. Moreover, these forests play a significant role in saving the planet from global warming. Nevertheless, there is a critical problem that needs immediate action since the area is constantly shrinking because of the Brazilian economy. Everything comes to the fact that now the Amazon rainforest needs salvation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the background of the problem, arguments from both sides of the debate, as well as to propose a beneficial solution. Background In the 1980s and 1990s, Amazon’s forest area began to decline gradually as farmers, miners, and loggers cleared land to grow crops, raise livestock, or sell timber. It was a way to make money in a region with high unemployment, enormous poverty, and a small state presence. Fortunately, during the 1980s, the environmental protection laws in Brazil started to appear and develop. Similar to legislation in other countries, the main idea of such initiatives was that those who threaten the environment should be held to account. During this time, licensing systems, fines, legal guidelines, and other tools have all been implemented and improved over the years. Up until the beginning of the 21st century, Brazil became a prime example of how sustainable development can effectively coexist with economic growth. For example, Brazil was one of the first countries to implement a new approach to the protection of nature, such as the Amazon Fund. It is a mechanism that was created in 2008 in order to collect donations from the international community for forest conservation. According to researchers, “an 80% decline in deforestation from 2005 to 2014 coincided with 3.5% average annual economic growth and a 56% total increase in national agricultural production” (Unterstell 2019, para. 3). Such a result occurred since industries that for a long time caused deforestation have changed their methods of conducting business by implementing new policies and technology. Moreover, new legislation for controlling and punishing violators was also effective. Nevertheless, the situation was about to change when the new President Bolsonaro took office. It is argued that because of him, the criminal activity under the name of land grabbing increased rapidly. In
Introduction The Apple Company is one of the most successful electronics companies around the globe. The company designs and produces the state-of-the-art products whose quality has captured customers to maintain their buying behavior. The electronics giant is well known for its unique software and hardware structures whose success has been attributed to its focus on some unique and hi-tech internet-based services and merchandise such as personal computers and cell phones. For instance, its phones use the iOS operating system, while other Smartphones use different operating systems such as the Tizen OS for the Samsung Company. This paper discusses the Apple Company’s organizational culture, corporate governance, organizational structure, leadership, organizational ethics, and corporate entrepreneurship. These managerial economics topics are very important because they point out the secret behind Apple Company’s success in the electronics industry. The Contribution of Leadership to Apple Company’s Success Leadership plays a very crucial role in managerial economics in terms of determining the future of any organization. The leader develops the path through which the organization will follow towards success or failure. For Apple Company, developing a successful business platform is now the company’s core leadership agenda. The leadership has built up a well-structured business strategy that has the client at heart as the company’s most valuable asset. The leadership shifted its attention to transforming the business world by producing several customer-friendly goods and services (Albanese, 2014). Despite the challenge from its core competitor, Samsung, which revealed its plan to produce OLED displays that caught the attention of many customers, Steve Jobs had an excellent plan to drive the company to greater heights. In fact, after reviving the company, which would have otherwise been closed in 1997, following leadership and management challenges, Steve Jobs had envisioned a time when he was to revolutionize the world of “personal computing, animated movies, music, phones, tablet computing, retail stores, and digital publishing” (Isaacson, 2012, Para. 1). Steve Jobs deployed a transformational leadership style that focused on seeing every stakeholder play his or role of lifting the company’s productivity. Workers who did not perform their duties diligently were fired. Apple Company’s current business position under Tim Cook is founded on what Steve Jobs established. He was a perfectionist who needed everything to be the way the company’s objectives had stipulated. Tim Cook, his successor, took over at a time when the launch of Apple Maps was being done. He has positioned himself into Steve Jobs’ leadership shoes. Good leadership is about developing a competent managerial team that is committed to working. Having returns of 11% a year is a clear indication that Apple Company has the best leadership (Albanese, 2014). The motivation behind Apple’s leadership is
Throughout the development path, humanity has sought to contribute to the improvement of its life. In the 21st century, information technology continues to actively develop. The information space includes computer networks, the Internet, in which a large amount of information is constantly circulating. The role of the Internet in the life of modern society is enormous. The Internet has not only a positive but also a negative impact on the formation of personality and relationships between people. This problem is highly relevant and the subject of numerous discussions. Recent decades in the global economy have been characterized by a change in industrial society to a postindustrial one, which marks a transition to a new type of economic system. One of the most important features of the latter is the informatization of society and the increasing role of innovation, and therefore, one cannot avoid the discussions on the importance of the Internet in the modern world. Previously, the goal of the Internet was to work with data, now anyone can find various types of information on it in a short time, without wasting their resources. On the Internet, one can find out the latest news faster than using television. Most people do their work, which is directly connected to the Internet. Today, managing an enterprise without the World Wide Web is unimaginable. The global network has firmly entered the spheres of economics and national economy: industry, management, banking, trade, business. The widespread global network has played a huge role in the development of the labor market. A huge number of different services make life easier. Social network sites, such as Twitter or Facebook, allow a person to freely interact with people, share information, spend leisure time, and realize their potential. In addition, on the Internet, it is possible to make various purchases, paying with electronic money. Therefore, both online and offline spaces are mutually constitutive, where one is built on another. Technology Hardware The overall emergence of the concept of online space is heavily reliant on the implementation of hardware and the active use of technology, such as smartphones and personal computers. The increase in popularity of such devices in the offline space facilitates the growth of the online space, where there is an observable shift from the former to the latter. The availability of technological devices, such as PCs and mobile phones, drastically increased since the last years
Introduction Porter’s Five Forces analysis is the methodology that is applicable for evaluating a business model based on specific criteria determining the success of a particular strategy for selling goods or services. Lüttgens and Diener (2016) describe this technique as an important algorithm for evaluating innovative entrepreneurial activities and note that all the five factors – buyers’ power, suppliers’ power, the threat of entrants, the threat of substitutions, and competition – affect selling performance significantly. In relation to the proposed product, in particular, a smart first-aid kit signaling the expiring shelf life of drugs, this assessment strategy may allow evaluating potential impacts and risks associated with the promotion of the device in the market. In this case, suppliers’ power is the least strong because the product is innovative and has no analogs, which eliminates the role of third-party distributors in the formation of demand. Consequently, the competition parameter also does not pose a significant threat since the smart first-aid kit is a unique device with exclusive functions. Therefore, these two criteria may be regarded as potentially safe and inconsiderable. Main body Regarding buyers’ power and the influence of this criterion, the situation is different. According to Teece and Leih (2016, p. 11), innovations tend to focus on “dynamic environments”, which in the case of a smart first-aid kit complicates the possibilities of intervention. The target audience for this device is either older adults or people with disabilities because the gadget serves as a reminder, although pharmacological companies may also be interested in this product. These categories of the population, as a rule, are not wealthy enough to generate significant profits. Therefore, despite potential demand, the threat of a shortage of consumers may emerge as an undesirable consequence. The innovation market is an actively developing industry, which testifies to the threat of the emergence of new entrants. In case the smart first-aid kit proves its success and becomes demanded among the target audience, this will become an additional incentive to create analogs, which, in turn, may lead to the danger of substitute products. As Lüttgens and Diener (2016) note, as an evaluation criterion, the factor of government regulation should be taken into account, in particular, patenting and property rights systems. In order to avoid the danger of duplication of an innovative product, it is essential to include it in the state register as a unique device, which will protect sales and eliminate the appearance of counterfeit products in the market. This will not affect profits significantly, but at the same time, it will strengthen the interest of the key audience, which is an important background for stable sales. Therefore, the protection of rights and the official registration of an innovative device are those measures that may contribute to avoiding the threats of new entrants and substitutes. Blue Ocean Strategy When apply
This news article is based on the claim made by the national treasury secretary on the need to prevent an unprecedented non-payment on U.S. debt. In an interview on CNBC, Janet Yellen stated that the U.S. is in a position of falling into another economic recession if Congress fails to address the country’s debt ceiling issue. She sustained that it would be disastrous if Congress could not take action by October 18, 2021, which she termed to be the deadline during the interview (Franck). Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer has been striving to get the Senate to pass debt-limit laws again. Nevertheless, Republican opposition has been pressuring Democrats to consider using a particular reconciliation system so the assessment can pass without GOP financial backing. Yellen stated that President Joe Biden had not yet decided whether to re-appoint Federal Reserve Chief Jerome Powell to the office when his present term ends in February of the following year (Franck). Moreover, President Joe Biden called upon Congress to increase the debt ceiling this coming week and prevent an impending unequivocal economic recession. The article also features tweets by Senator Pat Toomey, who maintained that he believed that Democrats were apprehensive concerning being associated with debt limit amount around or above $30 trillion. Event’s Greater Significance The debt limit is essential in determining the economy’s stability since it establishes the maximum amount of money the country can borrow using issuing bonds cumulatively. The U.S. reached its debt limit on August 1, 2021, and there is an established debt limit of $28.4 trillion, which may lead to the shutdown of the government (The White House). When the federal government’s ongoing transactions cannot be financially supported solely by federal spending, it must borrow money to pay its expenses. Once this occurs, the Treasury of the United States generates and sells bonds; Such bonds represent the federal government’s debt. Hence, this event is necessary to outline the economic effects of passing the Federal debt limit. The federal government would be unable to meet all of its requirements due to the lack of funds. It is also helpful in demonstrating the role of Congress in maintaining the country’s economic state and preventing economic recession. Be Woke The economic consequences of such an unprecedented situation would almost certainly be negative. Nonetheless, there are still numerous uncertainties concerning the speed and amplitude of the harm the U.S. economy may suffer. If the administration becomes unable to pay all its expenses for an extended time based on how long the event lasts, how it would be controlled, or how much investors change their opinions on the security of U.S. Treasury bonds. An extended stalemate is likely to have severe economic harm in the United States. Even in the best-case scenario, where the impasse is resolved quickly, the economy is expected to experience entirely preventable, primarily due to the challenges that COVID-19 poses to the country’s economy. This news article’s events did not
The given rhetorical analysis will primarily focus on three articles on the topic of how Facebook’s use of security information and the privacy of its user by cooperating with Cambridge Analytica. The scandal was one of the major events, which illustrated the underlying dangers of user data used to influence the masses through global and nation-scale data analysis. The case is important because it shows that users’ private information can be utilized to make major influences on politics and social issues, and thus, it makes societies vulnerable to mass-scale manipulation strategies. The given rhetorical analysis will primarily focus on the structure, narrative, evidence usage, and argumentation within these articles. I will analyze these sources in terms of the main findings, evidence, claims, approaches to the issue at hand, and data utilization. The first article is “The Cambridge Analytica affair and Internet‐mediated research” by Schnneble et al. (2018), where the authors illuminate the intrinsic issues in regards to data collection and analysis guidelines, which are almost non-existent in top American and European universities. The source proves its claim by using primary sources of their surveys as well as other authors’ assessment data. It also focuses that the current framework in this field poorly focuses on Internet-mediated research, where consulting firms, such as Cambridge Analytica, are eager to gather data on the users without their consent, which means that the invasion of their privacy takes place. The second article is “API-Based Research” or How Can Digital Sociology, and Journalism Studies Learn from the Facebook and Cambridge Analytica Data Breach” by Venturini and Rogers (2019), which addresses the effects of the Cambridge Analytica scandal on the current research methodologies, where the latter involve data collection through application programming interfaces or APIs. The main emphasis is put on how the scandal revealed the importance of data security and privacy as the key concerns regarding the data breach, where users are unaware of their data being used (Venturini and Rogers 532). Such a paradigm shift can result in researchers being able to find more plausible means to collect and analyze data without user privacy violations. The source proves its claims by referring to other authors’ data. The third article is “Cambridge Analytica’s black box” by Hu (2020), where the author exposes and summarizes the role
Introduction Advertisement is a communication style associated with widespread diffusion capacity to entrench into society’s discourse unrestrictedly. Adverts are powerful in terms of influence, as the mechanism has an aptitude, which creates a culture with the ability to stretch beyond global boundaries. Almost everyone can witness the power of this phenomenon, whether through the TV, newspapers, or directories, and appreciate its persuading power. Through their power of publication, which falls in the category of persuasion, information and reminding, advertisements ensue whereabouts of a brand to the target customers unlimitedly. How It Is Used to Educate the Public Car Brands Through Directory The aim of an advert is to persuade, inform, and remind the public or customers of a brand. One of the best ways to pass a message across is to utilize directory mechanisms. A directory is a type of advertisement in which the business comfortably lists the category and names of a product. The main agenda in this regard is to ensure the public receives as much knowledge about a product as possible. Besides being a strategy that helps marketers make money, advertisement forms a culture, too. If forced to meet the desires of the consumer, the technique has direct consequences for their lives (McCabe, 2009). The modernity makes this approach demand an effective and comprehensive of its various elements and components for customers to appreciate a product. Through its vision, the design sends messages to all people, making them have similar concerns and adhere to the same beliefs and interests as a company does. Knowing about a product, for instance, the Chevrolet car, as seen in the picture, makes a customer receive a message filled with ideas similar to the companies. When everyone
The discussion provides some notable insights into the issue of resistance to change. The process of transformation in any company should be well-organized and manageable so that any alterations yield positive results with minimum expenditures in terms of efforts, money, and resources in general. Employees tend to have negative perceptions of potential innovations since they pose a threat to their habits, professional status, and so on (Goncalves & Campos, 2018). In this regard, purposeful change management that can reduce the resistance to change on the part of the staff is particularly important. The transfer of vision from leadership to employees is crucial since this approach allows focusing on the importance of alterations and their potential benefits for the company (Harrington, 2018). However, as noted in the discussion, apart from sharing the vision with the workforce, management should also understand the importance of the timely release of information to avoid gossips or miscommunication. An open discussion of ideas and activities will help lead to persuade their employees that changes are needed. Moreover, this approach will allow employees to feel involved in making decisions regarding internal processes occurring in the organization (Harrington, 2018). Importantly, individuals, who can potentially resist change, will have an opportunity to express their attitude to innovations and express concerns regarding the possible issues (Gladden, 2018). In addition to effective information sharing, managers should provide support to employees at all stages of reorganization. In particular, it is necessary to provide emotional support and give employees the opportunity to take a break after productive collaboration. This way, managers will make sure that their workers are fully engaged while the workforce will feel that their contribution is valued and encouraged.