ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The topic of social development and change has gained prominence during the past decade. Much has been written and said about the political, economic, cultural, psychological, and social factors of change. The modern study of social change marks a new stage in the development of social sciences. Here, fiction is believed to be an essential driver of new social identity. Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist is no exception: the book creates a unique picture of social development. In Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist , social change comes through the terrorist acts of anarchic organizations, which cause a change in personal worldviews, self-understanding, and personal experiences, leading to a shift in power and the creation of a new civil mentality. Social change is an ever-present phenomenon, whose mechanisms are poorly understood. Economic growth, changes in GDP, multiculturalism, personal experiences, and political moods create a picture of social complexity, which no science can reasonably explain. This is probably why writers of fiction seek to re-consider the social reality in their own terms. More often than not, modern works of fiction shed light on the most controversial aspects of social change and facilitate the development and integration of social priorities with the realities of life. In Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist , terrorism and anarchic organizations cause a profound change in personal experiences, self-understanding, and worldviews, which become the main drivers of social change. Hamid’s protagonist Changez passes a long way from a belief in the American sanctity, through a painful realisation of the country’s social and political vulnerability, to the roots of his cultural and social belonging. America attracts thousands of immigrants, who are proud and pleased at being part of the cosmopolitan society. However, this picture of multiculturalism is merely a cover to the sense of nostalgia for something that will never happen again. In a vicious circle of events, torn between the University, scholarship, excellent grades, and obligation to work in the United States, Changez slowly realises the tragedy of American self-destruction. American people, so devoid of refinement, position themselves as the world’s ruling class, with little to no respect to other nations (Hamid 21). It is during his journey to Greece that Changez’s personal experiences change his perceptions of t
Introduction The role of learning management systems (LMS) has been increasing over the years, and the progress that has been shown is enormous. Current LMS in GU needs to be replaced because it can be viewed as outdated and lacks critical features. The administration must acknowledge the fact that a new system should be flexible to meet the demands of students. It is reasonable to review and analyze literature on this subject matter to get a better understanding of the latest developments and approaches that are commonly used. Discussion The implementation of a new LMS is a macro project in this case. A broad range of software programs that can alter the learning process is currently available, and they vary in price and effectiveness. Moodle is a system that needs to be selected in this case because it has many advantages over the ones offered by competitors. Integration with Google services is extremely helpful, and the support of gamification features is also a tremendous benefit (Rice, 2015). One of its weaknesses is that course bundles are not provided, but it is possible to eliminate this limitation because GU already has well-developed content that may be utilized. It is reasonable to hire an external professional that can help with the implementation of the system and may guide internal specialists throughout the whole process. The project is initially aimed at Nursing Graduates, and all their needs must be acknowledged. One of the benefits of this approach is that it will be possible to address some of the weaknesses of the system and address areas that are problematic. It will go through several stages of testing to avoid bugs and malfunctions, but student feedback is crucial and appropriate modifications should be made to improve the experience for every party involved. The problem is that some educators may not be prepared for such dramatic changes because they are used to standard techniques. They must understand how to create content that would attract the attention of students because it is suggested that video and audio files increase the level of engagement and enhance (Dias, Diniz, & Hadjileontiadis, 2013). Technical staff may also have to deal with several challenges because they have no experience with this type of system in the past (Schmoller
Introduction The primary source of authority of persons who possess the power to influence society and public opinion in the modern information field is their reputation. The latter is founded on every little action, expression, and activity, which is constantly monitored thanks to the free flow of information and social media. In this vein, the contradictive phenomenon of “cancel culture” occurred. It is aimed at “cancelling” famous people for their inappropriate behavior from the media space; however, this is not as obvious and clear as it seems. Below, the discussion on why “cancel culture” should be considered a negative phenomenon through the lens of its essence, origins, and advocated significance will be provided. Essence of “Cancel Culture” The term “cancel culture” is used to characterize modern social practice, expressed in the deliberate disregard or boycott of people, companies, and organizations for inconsistency with social values (Bakhtiari). According to Greenspan, although the term itself owes its appearance to a slang expression within the social network Twitter, the concept of “canceling” famous people (excluding them from the information space) arose thanks to the discourse initiated by the #MeToo movement, demanding more responsibility from public figures. Despite the fact that the practice of moral judgment is not new when analyzing the phenomenon of the “cancel culture”, one cannot ignore the fact that the structure of a
The concept of the afterlife played a significant role in ancient Egyptian culture. Therefore, Egyptians paid considerable attention to the process of burial. A wide variety of diverse traditions and rituals was closely linked with funerary practices. The Great Pyramids are the most well-known remains of these traditions. However, there are other less noticeable, yet significant archeological findings related to the belief in the afterlife. One of these findings is the Book of the Dead. Egyptians buried nobles according to specific rituals and traditions. These rituals were primarily focused on preparing the person for the afterlife. Valuable belongings were buried with their owner. The Book of the Dead was a specific handbook written in order to help the dead in the afterlife and guide them in the underworld. Food represents an essential part of human life, which is not sufficiently studied. Even though people eat and drink on a daily basis, nutrition is primarily studied from a medical perspective. The lack of knowledge related to food and particularly the existence of food sources and food chains in ancient times may be the reason why food is frequently associated with the gods in ancient cultures. 1 To these civilizations, food had a semi-divine value. Harvest and harvest times were especially significant to ancient people as their survival depended on the fertility of lands and the ability to gather enough food. Hence harvest was closely linked with religious beliefs and rituals. Throughout history, food and nutrition were viewed from different perspectives. Nevertheless, in most cases, they essentially influenced the development of culture and even the traditions related to religion and the concept of the afterlife. Ancient Egypt may not be an exception as food is proven to play a considerable role in their burials and rituals. Nutrition is also was mentioned in such ancient inscriptions as the Book of the Dead. Cakes and beer are mentioned as offerings to the gods. They may also serve as a symbol of wealth and prosperity in the afterlife. Copies of the Book of the Dead were first discovered and studied by Western archeologists in the early 19th century. Rolls of papyrus were found in various graves with mummies. Discoverers called them the “book of the dead men” or the “book of the dead.” These initial titles did not fully correspond to the content of the scrolls and scripts as the first discoverers were not scholars but grave-robbers. One of these scrolls was fully translated in 1846 by Karl Richard Lepius. Methods of translation developed by Lepius are still used by modern researchers to determine chapters and spells. He also encouraged o
Pollution usually causes a destabilization of the ecosystem through the intrusion of foreign materials into the environment. Pollution takes many forms, but some of the most common types of pollutants are chemicals, noise, heat, and energy (Spengler 9). These forms of pollutants affect the environment through air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Current statistics around the globe estimate that about a billion people will be affected by pollution shortly (Blacks Smith institute 2). Statistics advanced by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that a quarter of all dthe eaths in third world countries are caused by pollution and its effects on man’s natural habitat. Other international bodies and researchers estimate that about 40% of all annual global deaths are caused by polluting factors in the environment (Blacks Smith institute 1). The effects of pollution to a human being manifests in several ways including contraction of diseases, poor neurological systems, improperly functioning body defense mechanisms and such effects (Blacks Smith institute 4). It is more disheartening to find that pollution greatly affects women and children who are most vulnerable to its effects. Children have especially been identified to be more susceptible to pollution because they consume more food and breathe in more air when compared to their body mass (in comparison to adults). Other effects of pollution are more extensive than previously thought but common facts about pollution state that pollution is strongly felt in developing countries, contribute to global warming, is reversible and is regarded as one of the worlds leading global killer (Blacks Smith institute 1). This study will to a far extent analyze the different types of pollution commonly caused by man’s activities. They include oil drilling (water pollution), car emissions (air pollution) and farming/methane gas (soil pollution). Oil Drilling (Water Pollution) There has been a common misconception that wastages from oil and gas drilling which happens in offshore oil drilling wells are safely diluted to harmless levels by a natural process of hydrolysis. However, against this misconception, mixing and dispersing does not occur and water pollution effects are still real. In other words, there is a continuous contamination of background water through oil and gas drilling which in turn has an effect of aquatic life and other microorganisms (Oil and Gas Forum 1). Oil spills are currently some of the world’s known forms of water pollution although there are ongoing technological developments to control the adverse effects brought about by such calamities. During oil drilling, there is a significant amount of water which is extracted together with crude oil. Water is also usually exerted in the reservoir to maintain extraction pressures and later, this
Introduction Quality function deployment (QFD) is an inclusive notion. It has been developed in order to offer an instrument that interprets customer needs. This is done with the intention of elaborating certain procedural requirements that should be followed at every stage of product manufacturing. Most often, these requirements include marketing policies and novel product proposals. Moreover, the organizations are interested in evaluating prototypes, developing the production process, and increasing sales. A system of QFD was first used in Japan in 1972. The Japanese implemented it in practice as a scheduling instrument and utilized it throughout the process of software development (it was also recurrently used in electronics and healthcare). Nonetheless, it is safe to say that modern organizations use it for food product development as well. In this paper, the authors conduct a comprehensive literature review on QFD. The literature review dwells on the variety of QFD application methods and their usefulness for the relevant organizations. The paper systematically describes the ways in which QFD was employed in several companies and provides vivid examples of the methodology in use. A representative case of a company producing Spanish olive oil is included. It is important to mention that the literature about QFD that is currently available is insufficient. Nonetheless, the existing literature states that QFD is one of the most appropriate methods available to the food companies that are in need of simplifying their product development methods. Even so, the authors of this research realize that there are numerous points that have not been covered by previous research and refer to several downsides inherent in QFD. Even though QFD is described as efficient and productive, there is not much evidence that supports this claim. In the meantime, the existing literature highlights QFD methodology as a useful instrument in process development in the food industry. According to the majority of the authors, the current QFD should be revised in order to comply with the diversity of present food industry requirements. Literature Review In their 2011 research, Zarei, Fakhrzad, and Paghaleh [1] dwelled on the peculiarities of lean production and its connection to QFD and Just-in-Time (JIT). Lean production is one of the most relevant strategies that are currently employed by numerous major companies all over the world. The key objective of implementing this methodology is to reduce costs by using the instruments made available by JIT [1]. In contrast, the food supply chain became the focus of a number of investigators in recent years. This happened due to the fact that the supply chain management strategies and mechanisms are important in the modern context of this field. Zarei et al. [1] reviewed lean enablers and lean attributes and how they are connected. The researchers used QFD with the intention of detecting feasible lean enablers. The latter was meant to be utilized in practice with the purpose of developing the leanness of the food chain [1
Introduction China, one of the countries that are well known for their surging industries and cheap labor, has started going through a change that is likely to revolutionize its manufacturing industry. The country boasts a literacy level of over 90.9% and 1.9% of its GDP is dedicated to education. In addition to this, this great Asian nation also boasts a modernized system of education, which to a larger extent runs on principles that are similar to those of the American education system (Library of Congress – Federal Research Division 11-12). Although in the past Chinese factories were known to offer their workers as little as 64 cents per hour, the trend is changing as most workers have started to demand more remuneration and improvement of their working conditions. As a result of this, presently, most organizations have been forced to change their remuneration systems in order to accommodate the ever-changing needs and demands of their workers (Dooley, Folkerts-Landau and Garber 3-13). Therefore, as China is becoming a stronger economy as a result of the recent developments, cheap labor is disappearing slowly, and with time, there will be no more benefits of cheap labor. Source of China’s Cheap Labor China is a land that is blessed with a very productive population of close to 1.6 billion people. With such great workforce, even graduates have been forced to work for minimum wages in order to survive. Although, over the recent past, the Chinese government has heavily invested in its education system in order to equip its populace with the required skills, still a great percentage of its people lack the kind of specialized skills that are required in the field. However, with the changing trend as most Chinese have ventured into improving their level of education, the situation is bound to change drastically; hence, the idea of China offering cheap labor is likely to diminish completely (Liu 39-47). China’s Education and Working Conditions Over the recent past, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of Chinese students who are presently attending universities, as more than 60% of high school leavers are presently attending higher learning institutions. To a larger extent, this has been promoted by the recent increase of the starting salary of graduates, as compared to nine years ago when everything was stagnant. Additionally, with more than 127,000 Chinese students studying in America, China has been forced to review its salary structures to suit such students, as their quality of education is considered to be better (Litao and Sixin 1-15). In the lab
Introduction The modern health care sector significantly benefits from the extensive use of technologies. They are expected to increase the efficiency of various processes and minimize the probability of mistakes preconditioned by the impact of the human factor. At the same time, the utilization of innovative solutions helps to improve the quality of care delivery and ensure better collaboration between health workers. However, the reconsideration of the functioning of health units and the implementation of new technologies can be a challenging process because of the need to assess the current state of the facility, its inventory, financial power, and staff’s readiness. For this reason, the given paper delves into the peculiarities of the implementation of electronic document and record management system in a large multi-specialty clinic. Background First of all, the background of the discussed issue should be outlined. The rapid technological development preconditioned the emergence of new tendencies in the healthcare sector. For instance, today, the traditional recording and documenting system are considered outdated as it does not meet the requirements for the quality of the provided care (Amatayakul, 2013). For this reason, there are multiple attempts to replace it with a new electronic document and record management system. It can be determined as a computerized approach that presupposes the creation of a database of all records about patients, their treatment, and health status (Amatayakul, 2013). This software helps to improve data exchange between health facilities and attain better treatment outcomes by eliminating mistakes. Financial Aspect Thus, to attain the efficient functioning of this approach, it is critical to assess the feasibility and functions of the clinic. First of all, the financial aspect of its work should be analyzed. The fact is that the implementation of the innovative electronic document and record system is an expensive project that demands solid investments to ensure that all needed equipment and software will be bought and installed (Amatayakul, 2013). For this reason, the first step is the in-depth analysis of the unit’s financing and the existence of a particular pool that can be devoted to the implementation of the innovative technology and support of its functioning. Health Workers’ Readiness The second important element is the investigation of the health specialists’ readiness to work with a new method and their desire to engage in the change process. Every significant reconsideration of utilized approaches might face resistance from the members of the staff because of their unwillingness to work in the new environment, fear of radical changes, lack of training, and poor motivation (Pepper, 2017). For this reason, it is critical to evaluate the current state of specialists to determine if there is a need for additional training and an explanation of the basics of electronic document and record management system. Oth
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to explore different aspects of African American and Hispanic cultures and to find out basic differences and similarities between them. African Americans and Hispanics are two major minority groups in New Jersey. They have their own unique cultures characterized by beliefs, values, cuisines, language, religion, and holidays. The paper will address these aspects of African American and Hispanic cultures and contrast some of these aspects to show their peculiarities and uniqueness. African-American Culture African Americans are descendants of black Africans who live in the western hemisphere. Their immigration to Americas began at the end of the 15h century; these days, they form major ethnic minority in the United States. (“African Americans’ Beginnings,” 2007) In fact, “African-American history starts in the 1500s with the first Africans coming from Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish territories of Florida, Texas, and other parts of the South.” (“The African-American Migration Experience,” 2008) They constitute 10% of New Jersey population (around 1 million people). African American community speaks African American English which can be characterized “by an expansive set of morphological, syntactic, semantic, phonological, and discourse features that differ systematically from the ways that the same meanings would be expressed in Standard American English.” (Neuman & Dickenson, 2006) A number of religions are practiced within the community, though Protestant Christianity prevails. Scholars keep to an idea that American experience introduced Africans to Protestant Christianity, which let to certain transformations in African American religion and “provided a vehicle via which a distinctly Black American religious orientation could be expressed.” (Bukhari, Nyang, & Ahmad, 2004) Other religions practiced are Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and others. At large, African Americans are devout; they have a number of religious and spiritual traditions and believe that religion contributes “to the improved trend of their emotional/spiritual well-being.” (McLoyd, Hill, & Dodge, 2005) Slavery, inequality, and past discrimination influenced the structure of modern African American families. The West American family is often regarded as “a predecessor or model for the extended family structures found in contemporary African-American communities.” (“African American Families,” 2009) Modern African American families strive to sustain family identity with women being less likely to remarry. Together with traditional American holidays, African Americans observe their ethnic