ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Modern working generation aged 20-30 was born and brought up while the development of the innovative technologies. Being called generation Y, these people are considered to be born with a mouse in hands. The development of the innovative technologies has impacted these people greatly. Living in the world of computers, modern generation uses those for many purposes, and business has also been affected. Using social networking in business, companies move in the correct direction as there are a lot of advantages in computer technologies and different social platforms. Having conducted a literature review, it was concluded that social networking positively affects business, increases satisfaction from the working process, and improves working productivity that leads to the increase of the income of the company. Social networking is defined as “a popular term referring to all kinds of social software tools” (Shah, 2010, p. 348). Many business companies are using the advantages of the Internet and social networking successfully assists them. The involvement of the employees, customers and partners online is a good opportunity to remain always in touch. However, applying to the social networking, the company should be ready to change the corporate culture. Searching for the examples of the social networking sites, the following ones may be enumerated, Facebook, StumbleUpon, LinkedIn, Zoominfo, Hi5, Delicious, Bliztime, Digg, Spoke, Plaxo, YouTube, Xanga, MySpace, Bebo, Friendster, Twitter, Xing, Yelp, and Flickr. These are the most famous English-speaking social network sites used in the USA and the world, however, there are much more social networking sites if to refer to the national and local ones. There are a lot of opportunities these sites offer for business. Companies can always keep in contact with the present clients and search for other clients in the database. Sharing news and being the voice in the industry are more advantages for the company. The company leaders can manage their reputation, communicate with the employees and build a client list. All these actions may be completed on one of the social networking sites offered above depending on the opportunities of the site and company needs (Shah, 2010). The behavior of many employees may be changed as well. It is essential to consider the advantages and disadvantages of using social networking in business before applying to the issue. Applying to the social networking, the companies should use the advantages of the issue and pay attention to the challenges which this service creates. Dwelling upon the opportunities created by the social networking in the business sphere, the following aspects are to be considered. Applying to social networking, the corporation may change the means of communication delivering information faster among the employees with the minimum attempt. The vision of the company may be changed as having too much data online, employees may become confused, that is why they are going to rely more of the corporate
Introduction Malmendier and Tate (2006) attempted to analyze the tendency for acquisitions among overconfident CEOs. The authors stated that the overconfidence model was able to predict the active acquisitiveness of the overconfident CEOs whose companies had unexhausted debt capacity or were rich in cash; the prediction was also made about the subset of value-destroying mergers (Malmendier & Tate, 2006). Ways to define self-confidence First of all, the objective of the researchers was to find a reliable way to determine overconfidence. For that, they used such characteristics as the CEOs’ decision to wait with their options till the year of expiration or using Holder 67 measure that estimates the level of confidence connecting it to the length the decision-makers wait to proceed with their portions. In turn, the overconfidence is matched to the rates of acquisitions made throughout the terms of the CEOs. The authors conclude that the decisiveness in terms of acquisitions is directly linked to overconfidence (Malmendier & Tate, 2006). The readiness of the CEOs to wait with their acquisition options is a determiner of their confidence level; however, it is unlikely to be the only factor contributing to it. That way, it is possible to criticize the method chosen by the authors as that with limited reliability. Further, Malmendier and Tate (2006) pointed out that the overconfidence patterns may vary within CEOs’ behaviors while being in charge of one firm. Practically, these criteria imply the limitations of the sample of the evaluated CEOs and the firms they manage. Moreover, the researchers found that there is a correlation between the criteria of undervaluation and the length of waiting; based on this finding, the authors conclude that the CEOs who are classified as overconfident tend to possess a higher sensitivity to the market undervaluation; in other words, the phenomenon known as the investor sentiment is the key driver of the decision-making process in terms of mergers and acquisitions (Malmendier & Tate, 2006). Apart from building their theory as to the predictors of overconfidence, the authors rely on the images of the CEOs as reflected in the recent press coverages. It is important to point out that the analysis of the opinions presented by the press is not the most reliable approach to the CEOs’ behavioral patterns because the presentation may be biased and incomplete. In that way, both of the methods the researchers employ to assess the overconfidence and its contributing factors and determiners are flawed, limited, and unreliable. All in all, the authors form a series of predictions and then attempt to support them using estimations, statistical data, and analysis. The authors conclude that all of their initial hypotheses are confirmed by the data collected and its analysis. Conclusion To sum up, the major strength of the paper is what its findings imply for the world of business – a series of behaviors criteria and tendencies that allow the firms to evaluate t
Summary The conviction of Martha Stewart on allegations of insider trading dented her public image as well as the image of the MSO Company. The allegations also led to loss of public trust that significantly affected employee morale and performance, company communication channels, and leadership credibility within the company. My recommendations, to enable the company turn around and achieve profitability, revolve around enhancing employee morale, rebranding, implementing CRM, and adopting a horizontal organizational structure where, power and authority is spread among many people. Previously, the company brands had a close association with Martha’s name, who wielded a lot of influence within the company. The new management model should focus on selling the company’s image and separating the MSO identity from Martha. Analysis of the MSO Case Prior to the legal crisis in the late 2001, Martha Stewart had a prosperous career. However, the stock sale scandal led to legal suits that resulted to her conviction in 2004, which turned her career and her life upside down. It all began in 1999, when Martha bought shares of a biotech company, ImClone, which dealt with the manufacture of drugs. During this period, ImClone shares were doing well in the stock market hence, Martha’s decision to invest in the company. However, subsequent events in the same year dented the financial prospects of the biotech company. ImClone’s owner, Sam Waksal, aiming at improving the profitability and revenue of the company, approved the release of a new cancer drug, Erbitux, by the company. Before the FDA announcement date, Sam received prior information that the FDA was not going to approve the drug on the due date. Acting on advice from Sam, Martha sold her ImClone stocks. As a result, Martha faced allegations of insider trading, which led to her conviction in 2004. Consequently, the conviction tarnished Martha’s reputation and the MSO shares’ value declined significantly. Most importantly, the morale of the employees and credibility of the management were affected by these events. Implications of Martha’s Conviction Martha Stewart allegations involved insider trading and other business malpractices. Her convicti
Introduction This essay focuses on the personality disorders with specific reference to the case of Hilde, who had Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). Personality disorders are chronic, persistent, and rigid forms of perceived responses to situations, which are adequately maladaptive to create a distraction in the functioning and environmentally created subjective distress. Personality disorders are common. People with these conditions tend not to show concerns with their situations. On the other hand, their relatives and friends tend to be concerned about their behaviors. In most cases, people with personality conditions tend to consider their personality characteristics as ego-syntonic. In other words, individuals consider their personality traits as consistent with their self-perceptions. This implies that people with personality disorders are not likely to seek help from professionals by themselves. Instead, other people may seek such help for them. Some major characteristics of these disorders include traits that appear odd or eccentric, dramatic, emotional or erratic, and anxious or fearful. A brief overview of Hilde’s case Hilde was a 42-year-old homemaker who had several complications, including headaches, marital issues, and gentle depression (Meyer, Chapman & Weaver, 2009). Initially, the family physician used reassurance and Valium to control the case of Hilde, but they did not work. Hilde never referred to her condition in personal terms but placed that responsibility on other people. She claimed that her husband was uncaring and noted that a secretary could have seduced him. These conditions and stress contributed to her headaches and depression. Hilde’s husband claimed that he had become tired of dealing with her. Steve married Hilde for her social status and physical attractiveness. Hilde maintained that her children were wonderful, while Steve noted that the children were spoilt and had a poor performance in school. Hilde was from a wealthy family and a highly valued child. Hilde’s parents never rewarded her adequately for her academic achievements, but they made fun of ‘intellectual snobs.’ During her adolescence stage, Hilde had a wide circle of friends but failed to create deep relationships with her friends. Although Hilde acquired a reputation of being loose sexually, this was not reflected in her actual behaviors. She considered junior high
The current market of the textile industry in Kuwait Kuwait is a Gulf Cooperation Council member comprises of Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. They confer on special trade freedom in those states. As a participant of the union, Kuwait applied the Incorporated Customs Law in 2003 to aid local trade. In accord with the trade union, Kuwait enacts high taxes on imported textiles. To safeguard regional morals, imports of some products are banned (Haggett 2002). There are many textile manufacturing companies in Kuwait. Their products are mainly clothing and leather. Other products include garments, 100% Cotton Yarns, Polyester and Cotton Blended Yarns, silk, cotton, soy protein, polyester, and nylon (Haggett 2002). The marketplace at Kuwaiti is viable despite its size. It has got a massive potential for good power and value-added goods (Haggett 2002). Usually, fabrics are brought into the country, and business is then initiated and strengthened by ties between Indians in Kuwait. In Kuwait, textiles are needed in lesser measures, but in varied designs and knits for their native usage. In regards to the high per capita income in Kuwait, the use of textiles is high. Kuwaitis are known to wear different types of good quality fabrics as emphasized in the PDEXIL report (Hindman 2009). Kuwait also imports some textiles from Japan, China, and Korea. The country is a good marketplace for “Balad”, the finished polished fabric. Importing polyester and silk attracts 12% in duty. Robe for men, headgear, and ladies wear have great prospects in the Kuwait market but faces some challenges due to lack of satisfactory finishing, dye fastness, and handling. Kuwait customers strictly consider the quality, services competitiveness, and price of the product (Hindman 2009). They trust in long-term commercial associations rather than single time trade relations. Examples of Kuwaitis companies dealing with textile include; Alshabh Trading Company, Al-Fares Limited, Gulf Shoes Factory, Kuwait Cotton Company, and National Textiles Company among others. They specialize mainly in clothing and leather making. These companies are either involved in processing raw goods or import finished products before adding value then exports them. They mainly work on articles of kit and clothing fittings not crocheted or knitted (Rengel 2003). The cost of fabrics varies from one company to the other. The reason or the deviation is depending on the location of the company and its customer base. Some companies make a high amount of sales annually and therefore can lower their prices. An example is Polyester Fabric at Safat Al-Ain Textile Company costs 5-8 USD per Yard in 2013 March (Rengel 2003). Sb General Trading is a Comprehensive Dealer of textile products, ready-made garments, and textile f
Introduction Background study Casino is an Italian word which means a small villa specifically built for pleasure. Casinos trace their origin in Italy in 1638 with the first casino being located at Venice (Fun Casino Gaming 1). Casinos are a major component of the global gaming industry (Economy Watch 2). Some countries such as India and other Arab countries consider the industry to be illegal. However, some countries such as Singapore are partially legalizing the industry (Economy Watch2). Over the years, casino industry has undergone a rampant growth (Persson 1). According to a report published in 2007 by PriceWaterHouseCoopers, the industry’s net worth averaged $101.6 billion. It is expected that the industry’s total net-worth will be $ 144 billion by 2011. The projection was based on the annual industry growth rate which averages 7.2% (Onlinecasinotopic.com 3). The growth results from the high rate at which new casinos are built and also renovation of the old ones especially in the Pacific region and China. On a global scale, the industry generates a substantial amount of revenue and offers a wide range of employment. The table below gives an illustration of the total revenue generated from the industry today from the various forms of employment. Industry              Gross Revenue  Commercial casinos    $34.11 billion Indian casinos        $25.08 billion Card rooms            $1.10 billion  Legal bookmaking      $191.0 million Charitable games      $2.24 billion  Pari-mutuel wagering  $3.58 billion  Lotteries             $24.63 billion  Some countries have got a well developed casino industry compared to others. The table below gives an illustration of the countries with the largest number of casinos. Country         Number of casinos  Country         Number of casinos United States   1673               Lavtia          46                Canada          123                United Kingdom  366               Mexico          34                 Spain           70                Germany         137                South Africa    47                France          460                Netherlands     88                Czech Republic  85                 Australia       423               Estonia         123                New Zealand     58                Ireland         56                 Macao           39                Croatia         51                 Bulgaria        53                 Aim The report is aimed at analyzing the global casino industry Scope Various sections are included in the report. An outline of the top five casinos in the world and the performance of the industry in the past 5 years is illustrated in the first part. The effect of trade patterns on the industry is evaluated in the second section. The third section entails an analysis of the industry using the porter’s five forces. An external analysis of the industry is conducted to identify the changes in the environment which will promote the growth of the industry. The firm which is expected to undergone significant growth and the factors which will contribute to the growth are also analyzed. Finally, a conclusion and a set of recommendations are given.
Ancient Middle East: Kalasiris Critical Thinking Kalasiris exemplifies the traditional type of dress that was worn by women in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom period. Yet, it also has some modern adaptations. In many cases, this garment is used as a source of inspiration by designers (Modern Egyptian Fashion). For example, one can speak about fringed skirts that can be held either by shoulder straps or girdles. Moreover, these skirts are often made of only one piece of linen (“ Egyptian Dress ” ). Furthermore, the original dress and modern adaptation reach the ankles and cover the legs almost completely. More importantly, these garments are easy to wear because they do not restrict the movement of a person. These are some of the similarities that can be identified. Some interesting distinctions should not be overlooked. For example, the contemporary dress is much more sensual since it has a deeper décolleté. Moreover, the modern adaption of a kalasiris appears to be looser. These examples indicate that modern designers pay close attention to Egyptian clothing; yet, they make it easier to wear. On the whole, a kalasiris could be worn by women, who represented the Egyptian nobility. This garment could be used daily. Yet, nowadays, this dress appeals to many women who can wear it on some social occasions; yet, they do not do it very often. This garment was used to project the image of prosperity and high social status. As a rule, these women were not slaves, and they did not have to be engaged in harsh physical labor. However, it is important to remember that the indicators of social status in ancient Egypt have not been fully researched by historians. This is why it is difficult to speak about the image that women tried to project by wearing a kalasiris. Stola: Ancient Rome and modernity Critical Thinking There are several peculiarities of design indicating that the contemporary dress can be viewed as the adaption of the ancient stola. First of all, in both cases, they can be described as long and loose gowns that reach the ankles. Secondly, the belt is used to create broad folders above the waste. Moreover, stolas can be fastened by clasps at the level of shoulders. Traditionally, this dress is worn over a tunic. These are some of the aspects that should be identified since they enable viewers to say that the Roman stola attracts the attention of modern designers. There is an interesting detail that should be considered while comparing ancient toga and its modern adaptation. In Ancient Rome, this type of clothing was used to conceal the sexuality of women (“Rome”). In this way, they tried to distinguish themselves from courtesans or adulteresses. However, the contemporary version of this dress enables women to highlight their physical attractiveness. It should be mentioned that in Ancient Rome, stolas could be worn primarily by the wives of Roman citizens. So, this dress could be viewed as a sign of high social status and even authority. Yet, nowadays, it can be worn by any woman on various social occasions. Additionally, by wearin
Louis Pasteur was not only an outstanding chemist but also a microbiologist and an achiever in the realm of science. He was born in Dole, France on the 27th of December in 1822 and died on the 28th of September 1895. Without a doubt, he was one of the greatest French personalities ever. With his discoveries, people benefited through reduced death rates. He is widely known for his invention of a technique of stopping both milk and wine from causing illness in a method that was identified as pasteurization. This paper will concentrate on Pasteur’s invention of pasteurization, reasons as to why he studied antiseptic pasteurization, how he started, who influenced him, the techniques that he employed, and what made him succeed in his studies of antiseptic pasteurization. There must have been many challenges that most of the ancient people of France were going through before Louis’ invention of pasteurization. Louis Pasteur realized that a large number of people experienced numerous health complications which were found to be linked to the spoilage of food. There was also a need from the people for the increase in the periods of storage of food. After pasteurization was developed, the periods of storage for milk augmented and cases of poisoning from food reduced. Quick treatment of milk through subjection to extreme temperatures helped obliterate detrimental microbes (Bradley, 1976). Regarding the fact that most people, especially fellow researchers succumbed to sepsis after contact with the surgical instruments in the process of an autopsy and Louis’ objective, need to arise for studies to counteract this problem. According to Greer Williams’s perception about Louis Pasteur profession, “Nothing in scientific research is more familiar to us or has loomed more importantly in the prevention of disease and death, of course, than the image of a Louis Pasteur, in his skullcap” (Geison, 1995, p. 38). One of the greatest objectives of Louis was to craft France to be the most successful state in Europe by reducing the number of deaths. Pasteur’s main aim was to initiate an immense societal as well financially viable revolutionization to his state. Louis thus came up with antiseptic pasteurization from the bacteria hypothesis of ailment through his close association with other scientists. Pasteur’s learning on fermentation commenced in Lille after being talked to by a manufacturer who was troubled since detrimental products were usually noticed in the process of fermenting sugar to alcohol using yeast. Pasteur hypothesized that the products emerged from microscopic organisms such as germ apart from yeast that catalyzed the fermentation process. He exemplified this hypothesis with studies on sugar conversion. Pasteur emphasized the categories of microbes that could be isolated by appropriate methods based on the dietary necessities and their vulnerability to antiseptics. Pasteur