ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Infosys is a global information technology service provider with its headquarters in India. With the rapid rates of its growth and the changing environmental factors, the human resource department faced the challenges of the increased rates of turnover caused by the reduced employees’ satisfaction with their working conditions. This paper will discuss the main precursors of the employees’ dissatisfaction and turnover and the measures which were imposed by the human resource department for the purpose of building the employees’ competencies, retaining the skillful workforce, increasing the levels of their engagement and translating it into the improved performance. Summary of the case Having been ranked as the no. 1 in the Best Employer Surveys in 2001 and 2002, Infosys toppled from these lists and reported a significant decrease in the employee’s satisfaction and commitment in 2003. Recognizing the role of human resources in the company’s organizational success, the top management investigated the main underlying causes of the existing problems and took measures for improving the current state of affairs. Created in 1981 by Narayana Murthy and his six colleagues with borrowed $ 250, after the decades of its hard struggle against the bureaucratic environment and near to death survival, the company was growing at a rapid rate since 1999. The shift from body-shopping to offshoring, moving up the IT value chain, improving the company’s brand equity and ensuring that the company is the employer of choice for the best potential employees, Infosys managed to overcome the difficulties occurring at the initial stage of its development. Ensuring that the salaries of their employees were about 15-20 % higher than offered by the competitors and developing a deep understanding of the workers’ attitudes, the company created favorable working environment. As it was admitted by the company’s HR manager, “There are three ways in which we add value to the employee: learning value-add through training, emotional value-add through the work environment, and financial value-add through compensation and benefits” (Delong 6). At early 2000s, the skyrocketing number of employees and the external challenges in the form of the US restrictions on the visas for business purposes decreased the employees’ satisfaction and commitment which required the changes in the human resource strategies for handling the issues of
History The retail outlet was established in 2007. The company started with only serving their customers at the retail outlet but soon realized the potential of online selling. Thus they started accepting orders online through a service called www.wakozi.com. (111 Lex Liquors & Wine 2009) Today 111 Lex Liquors & Wine is known for its great quality service and the commitment of its employees to train and educate the customers about wine knowledge to increase wine appreciation. Apart from their retail outlet and online website, they also provide free local delivery. The company has also expanded its services to offer shipping of its products and also have started services in ‘Wine Tastings and Dinner’ on location. Although still quite a small setup, the company is considered to be professional in its own niche. (111 Lex Liquors & Wine 2009) Products: White Wines, Rose Wines, Red Wines Wine Tasting Dinners Wine Accessories, Spirits, Gifts, Specialty Specialty 111 Lex Liquors & Wine considers itself an professional outlet whose business is not only to sell wine, but make its customers appreciate the difference between a good and great wine. They invite the customers to come in for a free wine tasting and pick any they like. Furthermore they also educate the customers about the type of wine and its characteristics and which type of food it would be better served with. On their website, a section has been reserved for pairings the different kinds of wines with different kind of foods. (111 Lex Liquors & Wine 2009) Reviews Melissa said “I’ll be honest with you, I’m not even sure this place has a name – its in the basement of a building, and you need to walk down a flight of narrow stairs to get there, but what a find! The service is extremely friendly, and they make great recommendations. We came in after grabbing some food in Curry Hill and were looking for some chilled wine to bring to a friend’s place. They two guys working were more than happy to let us taste a few varieties, and I ended up picking the first he had suggested. Prices are reasonable, service is what will win you over.” (Yelp, 2007) Bret said “The place had great customer service, offered me a variety of different wines from smaller regions, and offered a wine shop atmosphere that’s missing today. Love the place” (Planet Discover, 2009) Quote “Through all the changes and all growth, our business is still built on three simple principles: Service, Service and Service”. Recent Events   * Wine of the Week   * NBC Hits Up 111 LEX for Business: Thrillist’s Rioja Wine Tour (Facebook, 2009)   * Not Sure What Wine to Get? Stop by 111 Lex and We’ll give You a Free Lesson on How to Choose the Right Wine! (Facebook, 2009)   * Free Wine Tasting!
Introduction Fisheries provide sources of food and job opportunities for many people across the world. However, the growth of the commercial fishing industry creates challenges as it harms the environment and endangers vulnerable species. In response to the global marine crisis, international organizations proposed policies and ratified agreements to protect marine life and prevent pollution. The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) introduced in 1982 declared a list of responsibilities for coastal States related to the control of marine resources (Girard & Payrat, 2017). The goals of sustainable exploitation, reduction of pollution, and conscious technology use were added in Part XII of UNCLOS, dedicated to the protection of the marine environment and mitigation against climate change (United Nations, 2018). Moreover, the UN proposed Sustainable Development Goal 14 to conserve marine resources, decrease oxygen-deficient dead zones, and protect biodiversity (United Nations, 2021). Despite decades-long sustainable efforts, the developing countries, where the fishing industry is dominated by trawl fisheries, still contribute to the highest rates of the accidental catch of sea turtles and marine pollution. The multidimensional environmental crisis suggests that low-cost technological solutions are required to address the loss of endangered species and promote sustainable practices for fishing communities. A Turtle Excluder Device (TED) is an established technology with over 30 years of improvements. The low-tech device can help support small-scale fishers, minimize the devastating impact of commercial fisheries, and preserve vulnerable species, such as sea turtles and other organisms trapped in fishing gear. The following report offers an overview of the TED technology and its recent improvements proposed within the framework of the global sustainable fishing initiative. The technology assessment (TA) included in the report aims to determine whether the TED is a viable solution to the issues of endangered species’ loss, bycatch increase, and marine pollution. Background TEDs History and Original Designs A TED is a low-tech device comprising a metal grate installed inside a trawl net to help a turtle escape by directing it to the small opening located at the net’s top or bottom. The development of the first TED began in the 1970s in the Gulf of Mexico when the scientists collaborated with fishermen and resource managers to protect sea turtles from becoming bycatch (Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 2019). The idea originated from the fact that turtles are air-breathing creatur
The concern about an individual’s freedom of speech is a subject that seems to be gaining prominence as far as the communication arena is concerned. Some people believe that any given people should be granted the opportunity to express themselves freely. In this context, therefore, public places have been seen as great platforms where people can express their identity without fear. Because of such belief, many people have expressed different opinions regarding the issue of public places acting as a platform where anyone can express himself or herself. Public spaces in this context are cinema halls, malls, show grounds, as well as the streets. With some people having negative opinions to this assertion, others believe that such places are suitable for personal expression. For this reason, it is inevitable to question the applicability of the statement that public spaces are places where everyone is welcome and free to express their identity. Thus, this paper offers a critical analysis of this declaration in order to find whether it holds for public spaces in the United States of America. Considering the case of December 1992, whereby a resident complained about the restrictions that were imposed on Mclavers Bath, one gets an insight into the take on public spaces. The Mclavers Bath had been set aside for women and children aged below 12 years from Sydney (Iveson 2003, p. 215). The complainant argued that the restriction on the Bath was a form of sexual discrimination. However, there were several reasons as to why the bath was not open for men. The primary reason for restricting men in the Mclavers Bath was that the inclusion of men in the Bath would lead to cases of sexual harassment (Iveson 2003, p. 215). Considering the complaint, one would see that it was called. However, when looked at the perspective of the several conditions that led to the exclusion, the complaint was not right. Alternatively, such complaints would have been aimed at getting inclusion into the public as opposed to acting in an attempt to raise issues of competency. Public spaces are spots where anyone has the freedom to express their identity. Looking at the complaint lodged by a male resident in Sydney about the restrictions on Mclvers Bath, it is evident that the resident had a right to express his feelings. The fact that the ocean pool included women and children less than 12 years was a reflection of discrimination despite it being a public place. However, it is in such cases where ethics should play a significant role. Following the fact that humanity and equality concepts ought to apply in all cases touching on human beings, anybody in the capacity of the complainant was right to express their concern about the Bath. According to Iveson (2003, pp. 215-228) it was a discriminatory act to restrict men from using Mclvers Bath. For this reason, there should have been
Introduction Amendments to the Bankruptcy Bill provided an opportunity to the debtors in settling their debts because it reinforced the existing opportunity for the debtor to enter into an agreement with the creditor without necessarily disrupting the business operations. The Bankruptcy Act of 1966 provided that a creditor could enter into an agreement with their debtor through the “deed of assignment”, “deed of agreement” and a “composition”. However, the amendments of 2004 introduced “personal insolvency agreement” in place of the three types of agreements. The changes brought a number of advantages as well as disadvantages as will be seen in this paper. A proposal for further amendments to the bill was brought forward in 2008 to harmonize state legislation relating to the act, with the Commonwealth Bankruptcy Act. Both the Part X provisions of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 and the Personal Insolvency Agreements introduced in 2004 provided an opportunity for the debtor to settle the debt without the debtor having to enter into Bankruptcy. However, the two differed in that Part X provisions provided three options under which the debtor’s intentions (proposals) to pay the debts would be expressed, while the three options were not available under the Personal Insolvency Agreements. The option provided by the Part X agreements moistly favored high-income earners. Advantages and Disadvantages arising from the Bankruptcy Provisions The provisions of the Bankruptcy Act provided advantages in view of the challenges of becoming bankrupt. The person who would turn to be bankrupt would be subjected to several things including a thorough investigation of his or her financial affairs and dealings. Thus, in order to evade this, people would prefer the option of bankruptcy. By avoiding bankruptcy, the debtors will be able to avoid the set rate which they are required to pay towards the debts if they are entitled to an income. Entering would also not be preferable if the debtors did not want to lose valuable property, which is a likelihood for those entering bankruptcy. Heavy burdens for monthly payments to the debts would also render the person insecure about losing the property if it becomes difficult for him to pay them. Entering Bankruptcy also meant that the persons would not obtain credit to some extent, and usage of such facilities as a cheque, without declaring that they are bankrupt. In addition, being bankrupt puts the debtor at a disadvantage if he would want to obtain credit in the future (Legal Aid Commission, 2009). The regulation also bars some individuals from entering into debt agreements provided in the bankruptcy regulation. A person who had become bankrupt previously cannot be available for this option again, which means that he may opt for the option to make an agreement to pay the debt. There is a financial obligation requirement to enter a debt agreement, that the after-tax income must be less than the current
Across the globe, and with the invention and persistent technological advancements, diversity in the workplace has become inevitable. It has become part and parcel of global expansion. In every organisation, there is a high likelihood that employees may be originating from different parts of the country or even the world and diverse walks of life. These employees may also be of different creeds, races, ethnicity, sex and disability. It is, therefore, on the prepositions mentioned above, that it can be argued that workplace diversity is no longer a luxury, but a necessity (Cole, 2002). In the present worldwide economy, different individuals from different corners of the globe are finding themselves working in the same office environment with a shared objective, be it in the short-term or the long-term. However, since every organisational culture owes its authentic business practices, morals and beliefs, it is of great significance for every employee to comprehensively learn how best to work with others in seeing through the accomplishment of the shared mission of the organisation (Dessler, 2004). It is also notable that effective communication ought to be embraced within the modern workplace environment to have all backgrounds and cultures accommodated. It is through the unending interaction with one another that the employees get to learn the required effective communication skills. Besides becoming more tolerant of one another, the aspect of sharing cultural traditions, alternative problem-solving approaches and ideas among employees also play a central role in making these employees forgo their stereotypical notions (Santana, 2003). There are numerous ways through which business entities reap benefits for embracing workforce that is varied in any of the earlier mentioned tenets. Firstly, workplace diversity plays the role of strengthening the organisation. This is so realised since this diversity brings onboard individuals with different skills, experiences and expertise (Cole, 2002). Undeniably, every person handles situations and circumstances confronting him or her differently. This aspect, therefore, remains to be a vital asset to any organisation, irrespective of the line of operation the organisation is engaged in. Moreover, having employees from different backgrounds offers the organisation several differen
Introduction It is a well-known fact that every human demands some time to develop their individuality. The greatest part of psychologists agrees with this point of view. As for my personal development, I must say that it was rather a difficult process, because it took much time and efforts of people who surrounded me. The life of every child is much more difficult than the life of any adult person sometimes. I looked at the world in different way as I do now and I must say that I saw oppositely different colors. The brightest process of the development of my personal features was the process of sexuality development. It should be admitted that there are different opinions about the ways of personal development. These distinctions are caused by the different understanding of meaning of society and social groups for the personal development, and also by different understanding of the stages of development, the crises of development. There are many different theories of personal development and each of them explores the problem of personal development in different way. For example, the psychoanalytical theory describes development as adaptation to the biological nature to the life in society, the developing of some protective mechanisms and the developing of some protective mechanisms and the ways of demands satisfaction. Here the theory of Z.Freud should be mentioned. The theory of features is based on the opinion that all the individual features are formed while living, this theory deals with the process of development of features and the process of stabilization of them. It should be noted that this theory is subordinate to the non-biological laws. Social theory of personal development deals with the interaction between people. The humanistic theory of personal development describes the personal development of the process of “I”-formation. Besides the discussing personal development from the point of view of any theory there is a tendency of integrating approach – discussing the personal development using different theories. This approach includes several conceptions. One of such theories is the theory of Erickson who supported the epigenec principle: the genetic stages which are common for every human. Erickson described eight life psychological crises. They are the crisis of trust-untrust (the first year of life), independence against the doubts and shame (2 – 3 y.o.), initiative against guilt (3 – 6 y.o.), working activity against the inferiority complex, the personal recognition against personal conformism. These are the stages which deal with the periods of childhood and adolescence. (Hall 121) The psychological difficulties while personal development In my opinion the period of adolescence is the most
In general, the budgetary process performs both planning and control functions that, although essential to control (particularly cost control), serve as a balance between strategic planning and decision-making. Budgetary process refers to future periods of time, and translates company’s plans into financial resources. Budgetary process furnishes a guide for future expenditures, and by helping to guide actual performance toward budgeted performance, supports in the achievement of objectives. In any organization, budgets establish expected relationships among a number of factors in need of control, such as expenses for marketing, product planning, personal selling, and product development. Budgets and budgetary processes may be thought of as short-run aspects of planning. Taking into account the current market situation, the main types of budgets a company needs are sales budgets, cash flow budget and marketing budget. Sales budgets are crucial for any company because they perform the functions of control mechanisms; budgets establish standards that, if achieved, direct a company to strategic objectives. Through a check of actual against budgeted performance, possible problems and weaknesses can be noted, the reasons for them analyzed, and the need for adjusting business activity pointed out. This activity provides the company with the basis for sound marketing control. Even where standards are set, though, it is not expected that financial performance will correspond exactly. Rather, the budgetary process is established as a corrective action and is taken when performance falls outside the range of tolerance. Sales budgets are related to all industrial functions, but are most closely associated with assessment of decision-making and planning (Dropkin and LaTouche, 1998). For the latter, the budgetary process provides the basic information for strategic plans and programs. Decision-making process depends on the sales forecast concerned with evaluating market and sales potentials. For many modern organizations, the sales forecast is the basis for matching marketing resources with future opportunities to achieve company objectives. The sales forecast affects almost every other phase of business operation and is used in establishing management controls, budgets, policies, and directions. Thus, sales forecasts stipulate the limits of management programs and strategic decisions. The budgetary process provides the basis for evaluating the functioning and productivity of various business areas
Transmission of the nerve impulse The structure of a neuron is made up of dendrites, soma (the cell body), the axon and the axon terminal. The dendrites intercept messages and change them to electrical impulses by developing a potential difference between the outside and the inside (McCance & Huether, 2014). The potential difference creates ion charges and potassium, sodium and chlorine concentration. When the neurons have more than 2000 dendrites, they efficiently transmit and receive information. The cell body denotes the main body of the cell with all the diverse organelles such as the nucleus. It collects the stimulus coming from the dendrites and then fires through the axon, the longest extension of the cell wall (McCance & Huether, 2014). In the axon terminal, there are the synaptic end bulbs where the electrical signals cause the neurotransmitter, small vesicles found in the tip of the axon, to release a chemical (Acetylcholine) into the synaptic gap between the neuron and the other tissue that leads to another neuron. Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord while the PNS consists of all the endings of the nerve extensions in all organs forming the web that extends throughout the entire organ. The brain consists of the cerebral cortex, the limb system and the central core, which control daily life activities (Durmer& Dinges, 2005). The spinal cord consists of nervous tissue whose function is to transmit neural waves between the rest of the body and the brain. The PNS is made up of the sensory nerve that transmits information from the body or peripheral stimuli to the CNS, and the motor nerve that transmits messages from the CNS to the organs and limbs. The somatic nervous system of the motor nervous system enables voluntary movement of the septal body. The autonomic nervous system of the motor nervous system is responsible for controlling internal organs (Durmer& Dinges, 2005). The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system arouses internal organs when the body faces challenging external stimuli. In such a condition, it dilates the pupils, accelerates the heartbeat, inhibits digestions, stimulates glucose release from the liver, stimulates adrenal glands to release adrenaline and noradrenaline and finally relaxes the bladder. Assessment of the man’s condition The patient has parasomnias because he is experiencing undesirable physical events that happen during entry into the sleep and within the sleep. The patient has deviated from his normal sleeping patterns. Affected brain parts Parasomnias events manifest through the activation of CNS, which is transmitted to skeletal muscle and automatic nervous system channels. Stage of sleep The patient has abnormal sleep patterns that are demonstrated in his work, church, tra