ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Scene Graph Generation (SGG) represents objects and their interactions with a graph structure. Recently, many works are devoted to solving the imbalanced problem in SGG. However, underestimating the head predicates in the whole training process, they wreck the features of head predicates that provide general features for tail ones. Besides, assigning excessive attention to the tail predicates leads to semantic deviation. Based on this, we propose a novel SGG framework, learning to generate scene graphs from Head to Tail (SGG-HT), containing Curriculum Re-weight Mechanism (CRM) and Semantic Context Module (SCM). CRM learns head/easy samples firstly for robust features of head predicates and then gradually focuses on tail/hard ones. SCM is proposed to relieve semantic deviation by ensuring the semantic consistency between the generated scene graph and the ground truth in global and local representations. Experiments show that SGG-HT significantly alleviates the biased problem and chieves state-of-the-art performances on Visual Genome.
A certain sampling process, concerning an urn with balls of two colors, proposed in 1965 by B.E. Oakley and R.L. Perry, and discussed by Peter Winkler and Martin Gardner, that has an extremely simple answer for the probability, namely the constant function 1/2, has a far more complicated expected duration, that we discover and sketch the proof of. So unlike, for example, the classical gambler's ruin problem, for which both `probability of winning' and `expected duration' have very simple expressions, in this case the expected number of rounds is extremely complicated, and beyond the scope of humans.
We conduct a detailed investigation of the polaron self-interaction (pSI) error in standard approximations to the exchange-correlation (XC) functional within density-functional theory (DFT). The pSI leads to delocalization error in the polaron wave function and energy, as calculated from the Kohn-Sham (KS) potential in the native charge state of the polaron. This constitutes the origin of the systematic failure of DFT to describe polaron formation in band insulators. It is shown that the delocalization error in these systems is, however, largely absent in the KS potential of the closed-shell neutral charge state. This leads to a modification of the DFT total-energy functional that corrects the pSI in the XC functional. The resulting pSIC-DFT method constitutes an accurate parameter-free {\it ab initio} methodology for calculating polaron properties in insulators at a computational cost that is orders of magnitude smaller than hybrid XC functionals. Unlike approaches that rely on parametrized localized potentials such as DFT+$U$, the pSIC-DFT method properly captures both site and bond-centered polaron configurations. This is demonstrated by studying formation and migration of self-trapped holes in alkali halides (bond-centered) as well as self-trapped electrons in an elpasolite compound (site-centered). The pSIC-DFT approach consistently reproduces the results obtained by hybrid XC functionals parametrized by DFT+$G_0W_0$ calculations. Finally, we generalize the pSIC approach to hybrid functionals, and show that in stark contrast to conventional hybrid calculations of polaron energies, the pSIC-hybrid method is insensitive to the parametrization of the hybrid XC functional. On this basis, we further rationalize the success of the pSIC-DFT approach.
In this work we prove a Kramers' type law for the low-temperature behavior of the exit-times from a metastable state for a class of self-interacting nonlinear diffusion processes. Contrary to previous works, the interaction is not assumed to be convex, which means that this result covers cases where the exit-time for the interacting process is smaller than the exit-time for the associated non-interacting process. The technique of the proof is based on the fact that, under an appropriate contraction condition, the interacting process is conveniently coupled with a non-interacting (linear) Markov process where the interacting law is replaced by a constant Dirac mass at the fixed point of the deterministic zero-temperature process.
We derive general explicit expressions for a shell-model calculation of the intrinsic asymmetry parameter, $a_\Lambda$, in nonmesonic weak hypernuclear decay. They include the effects of three-body kinematics in the final states of the decay and correctly treat the contribution of transitions originating from single-proton states beyond the s-shell. The expressions are particularized to the cases of $^5_\Lambda$He and $^{12}_\Lambda$C and used for the calculation of $a_\Lambda$ in several one-meson-exchange models. Besides the strictly local approximation usually adopted for the transition potential, we also consider the addition of the first-order nonlocality terms. We find values for $a_\Lambda$ ranging from -0.62 to -0.24, in qualitative agreement with other theoretical estimates but in contradiction with some recent experimental determinations.
The observed optical colors of quasars are generally interpreted in one of two frameworks: unified models which attribute color to random orientation of the accretion disk along the line-of-sight, and evolutionary models which invoke connections between quasar systems and their environments. We test these schema by probing the dark matter halo environments of optically-selected quasars as a function of $g-i$ optical color by measuring the two-point correlation functions of $\sim$ 0.34 million eBOSS quasars as well as the gravitational deflection of cosmic microwave background photons around $\sim$ 0.66 million XDQSO photometric quasar candidates. We do not detect a trend of halo bias with optical color through either analysis, finding that optically-selected quasars at $0.8 < z < 2.2$ occupy halos of characteristic mass $M_{h}\sim 3\times 10^{12} \ h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ regardless of their color. This result implies that a quasar's large-scale halo environment is not strongly connected to its observed optical color. We also confirm findings of fundamental differences in the radio properties of red and blue quasars by stacking 1.4 GHz FIRST images at their positions, suggesting the observed differences cannot be attributed to orientation. Instead, the differences between red and blue quasars likely arise on nuclear-galactic scales, perhaps owing to reddening by a nuclear dusty wind. Finally, we show that optically-selected quasars' halo environments are also independent of their $r-W2$ optical-infrared colors, while previous work has suggested that mid-infrared-selected obscured quasars occupy more massive halos. We discuss implications of this result for models of quasar and galaxy co-evolution.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a wonderful tool to provide users with documentation and tools that make the preparation and running of an experiment a little easier. We present a set of tools that allow one to estimate the activation of a sample in the neutron beam, or to calculate the absorption of a sample. Ever tried to figure out the time for the next sample change - here our scheduler can help. In addition there is a simple database that can be used to keep track of all the data files collected at various facilities. We present these little tools, but also demonstrate how easy it is to create new WWW based tools that make the life of users easier.
A unified approach to total cross-sections, based on the QCD contribution to the rise with energy, is presented for the processes $pp$, $p{\bar p}$, $\gamma p, \gamma \gamma, e^+e^- \to hadrons$. For proton processes, a discussion of the role played by soft gluon summation in taming the fast rise due to mini-jets is presented. For photon-photon processes, a comparison with other models indicates the need for precision measurements in both the low and high energy region, likely only with measurements at future Linear Colliders.
We investigate integer numbers which possess at the same time the properties to be triangulars and squares, that are, numbers $a$ for which do exist integers $m$ and $n$ such that $ a = n^2 = \frac{m \cdot (m+1)}{2} $. In particular, we are interested about ratios between successive numbers of that kind. While the limit of the ratio for increasing $a$ is already known in literature, to the best of our knowledge the limit of the ratio of differences of successive ratios, again for increasing $a$, is a new investigation. We give a result for the latter limit, showing that it coincides with the former one, and we formulate a conjecture about related limits.
Transition-metal-oxide based resistance random access memory is a promising candidate for next-generation universal non-volatile memories. Searching and designing appropriate new materials used in the memories becomes an urgent task. Here, a new structure with the TaO2 formula was predicted using evolutionary algorithms in combination with first-principles calculations. This new structure having a triclinic symmetry (T-TaO2) is both energetically and dynamically more favorable than the commonly believed rutile structure (R-TaO2). Our hybrid functional calculations show that T-TaO2 is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1.0 eV, while R-TaO2 is a metallic conductor. This large difference in electrical property makes TaO2 a potential candidate for resistance random access memory (RRAM). Furthermore, we have shown that T-TaO2 is actually a Peierls distorted R-TaO2 phase and the transition between these two structures is via a directional displacement of Ta atoms. The energy barrier for the reversible phase transition from R-TaO2 to T-TaO2 is 0.19 eV/atom and the other way around is 0.23 eV/atom, suggesting low power consumption for the resistance switch. The present findings provide a new mechanism for the resistance switch and will also stimulate experimental work to fabricate tantalum oxides based RRAM.
Analyses of very accurate CoRoT space photometry, past Johnson V photoelectric photometry and high-resolution \'echelle spectra led to the determination of improved and consistent fundamental stellar properties of both components of AU Mon. We derived new, accurate ephemerides for both the orbital motion (with a period of 11.113d) and the long-term, overall brightness variation (with a period of 416.9d) of this strongly interacting Be + G semi-detached binary. It is shown that this long-term variation must be due to attenuation of the total light by some variable circumbinary material. We derived the binary mass ratio $M_{\rm G}/M_{\rm B}$ = 0.17\p0.03 based on the assumption that the G-type secondary fills its Roche lobe and rotates synchronously. Using this value of the mass ratio as well as the radial velocities of the G-star, we obtained a consistent light curve model and improved estimates of the stellar masses, radii, luminosities and effective temperatures. We demonstrate that the observed lines of the B-type primary may not be of photospheric origin. We also discover rapid and periodic light changes visible in the high-quality residual CoRoT light curves. AU Mon is put into perspective by a comparison with known binaries exhibiting long-term cyclic light changes.
We present a detailed description of the wavelength, astrometric and photometric calibration plan for SITELLE, the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer attached to the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope, based on observations of a red (647 - 685 nm) data cube of the central region (11$' \times 11'$) of the Andromeda galaxy. The first application, presented in this paper, is a radial-velocity catalogue (with uncertainties of $\sim 2 - 6$ km/s) of nearly 800 emission-line point-like sources, including $\sim$ 450 new discoveries. Most of the sources are likely planetary nebulae, although we also detect five novae (having erupted in the first 8 months of 2016) and one new supernova remnant candidate.
We evaluate nuclear effects in neutrino reactions in a framework based on a model proposed by Marteau with quasi-elastic and $\Delta$ production processes treated together. Nuclear effects include RPA corrections and $\Delta$ width modification in nuclear matter.
We show how van der Waals (vdW) forces outcompete covalent and ionic forces to control ferroelectric ordering in CuInP2S6 nanoflakes as well as in CuInP2S6 and CuBiP2Se6 crystals. While the self-assembly of these 2D layered materials is clearly controlled by vdW effects, this result indicates that the internal layer structure is also similarly controlled. Using up to 14 first-principles computational methods, we predict that the bilayers of both materials should be antiferroelectric. However, antiferroelectric nanoflakes and bulk materials are shown to embody two fundamentally different types of inter-layer interactions, with vdW forces strongly favouring one and strongly disfavouring the other compared to ferroelectric ordering. Strong specific vdW interactions involving the Cu atoms control this effect. Thickness-dependent significant cancellation of these two large opposing vdW contributions results in a small net effect that interacts with weak ionic contributions to control ferroelectric ordering.
For any positive integer $k$, we show that every maximal $C_{2k+1}$-free graph with at least $n^2/4-o(n^{3/2})$ edges contains an induced complete bipartite subgraph on $(1-o(1))n$ vertices. We also show that this is best possible.
Relaxation, <Sz(t)>, of the average spin of a carrier in course of hops over sites hosting random hyperfine fields is studied theoretically. In low dimensions, d = 1, 2, the decay of average spin with time is non-exponential at all times. The origin of the effect is that for d = 1, 2 a typical random-walk trajectory exhibits numerous self-intersections. Multiple visits of the carrier to the same site accelerates the relaxation since the corresponding partial rotations of spin during these visits add up. Another consequence of self-intersections of the random-walk trajectories is that, in all dimensions, the average, <Sz(t)>, becomes sensitive to a weak magnetic field directed along z. Our analytical predictions are complemented by the numerical simulations of <Sz(t)>.
The Universal Transit Modeller (UTM) is a light-curve simulator for all kinds of transiting or eclipsing configurations between arbitrary numbers of several types of objects, which may be stars, planets, planetary moons, and planetary rings. Applications of UTM to date have been mainly in the generation of light-curves for the testing of detection algorithms. For the preparation of such test for the Corot Mission, a special version has been used to generate multicolour light-curves in Corot's passbands. A separate fitting program, UFIT (Universal Fitter) is part of the UTM distribution and may be used to derive best fits to light-curves for any set of continuously variable parameters. UTM/UFIT is written in IDL code and its source is released in the public domain under the GNU General Public License.
Comparison is made between a number of independent computer programs for radiative transfer in molecular rotational lines. The test models are spherically symmetric circumstellar envelopes with a given density and temperature profile. The first two test models have a simple power law density distribution, constant temperature and a fictive 2-level molecule, while the other two test models consist of an inside-out collapsing envelope observed in rotational transitions of HCO+. For the 2-level molecule test problems all codes agree well to within 0.2%, comparable to the accuracy of the individual codes, for low optical depth and up to 2% for high optical depths (tau=4800). The problem of the collapsing cloud in HCO+ has a larger spread in results, ranging up to 12% for the J=4 population. The spread is largest at the radius where the transition from collisional to radiative excitation occurs. The resulting line profiles for the HCO+ J=4-3 transition agree to within 10%, i.e., within the calibration accuracy of most current telescopes. The comparison project and the results described in this paper provide a benchmark for future code development, and give an indication of the typical accuracy of present day calculations of molecular line transfer.
We consider two stationary versions of the Eden model, on the upper half planar lattice, resulting in an infinite forest covering the half plane. Under weak assumptions on the weight distribution and by relying on ergodic theorems, we prove that almost surely all trees are finite. Using the mass transport principle, we generalize the result to Eden model in graphs of the form $G\times\mathbb{Z}_+$, where $G$ is a Cayley graph. This generalizes certain known results on the two-type Richardson model, in particular of Deijfen and H\"aggstr\"om in 2007.
The recent concept of {\em relativistic positioning system} (RPS) has opened the possibility of making Relativity the {\em general standard frame} in which to state any physical problem, theoretical or experimental.   Because the velocity of propagation of the information is finite, {\em epistemic relativity} proposes to integrate the physicist as a real component of every physical problem, taking into account explicitly {\em what} information, {\em when} and {\em where}, the physicist is able to know. This leads naturally to the concept of {\em relativistic stereometric system} (RSS), allowing to measure the intrinsic properties of physical systems. Together, RPSs and RSSs complete the notion of {\em laboratory} in general relativity, allowing to perform experiments in finite regions of any space-time.   Epistemic relativity incites the development of relativity in new open directions: advanced studies in RPSs and RSSs, intrinsic characterization of gravitational fields, composition laws for them, construction of a finite-differential geometry adapted to RPSs and RSSs, covariant approximation methods, etc. Some of these directions are sketched here, and some open problems are posed. \end{abstract} \noindent I want the organizers of this seminar, Dirk P\"utzfeld and Claus L\"ammerzahl, to know how much I appreciated their inviting me to talk about my ideas on this subject. It is also a pleasure to thanks the Wilhelm und Else Heraeus-Stiftung for their kind hospitality.
Chiral symmetry breaking due to instanton-produced fermion zero modes in the confining vacuum is considered. Zero modes provide 'tHooft-type determinant quark interaction, which is bosonized by introduction of auxiliary fields. For three flavours this procedure becomes nontrivial and a method is suggested which allows to derive effective Lagrangian for massless Nambu--Goldstone modes.
The notion of palindromic length of a finite word, as well as an infinite word, was first introduced by Frid, Puzynina and Zamboni\cite{FRID2013737}. They conjectured that if the palindromic length of an infinite word is bounded, then this sequence is eventually periodic. In this article, we give a formal expression of the palindromic length of Thue-Morse sequence and find all sequences which have the same palindromic length as Thue-Morse's.
In this work we construct the heat kernel of the 1/2-order Laplacian perturbed by the first-order gradient term in H\"older space and the zero-order potential term in generalized Kato's class, and obtain sharp two-sided estimates as well as the gradient estimate of the heat kernel.
In this paper, we analyzed pulse profiles of Swift J1626.6+5156 using the lightcurves from RXTE-PCA observations between MJD 53724 (just after the outburst) and MJD 55113 and a Chandra-ACIS dataset on MJD 54897 with a 20 ks exposure. We found that pulse profiles show morphological variations and pulsations do not cease even $\sim 1200$ days after the outburst. Despite these variations, we did not find any significant variation in the pulsed fraction with decreasing X-ray flux.
Broadband spectral surveys of protostars offer a rich view of the physical, chemical and dynamical structure and evolution of star-forming regions. The Herschel Space Observatory opened up the terahertz regime to such surveys, giving access to the fundamental transitions of many hydrides and to the high-energy transitions of many other species. A comparative analysis of the chemical inventories and physical processes and properties of protostars of various masses and evolutionary states is the goal of the Herschel CHEmical Surveys of Star forming regions (CHESS) key program. This paper focusses on the intermediate-mass protostar, OMC-2 FIR 4. We obtained a spectrum of OMC-2 FIR 4 in the 480 to 1902 GHz range with the HIFI spectrometer onboard Herschel and carried out the reduction, line identification, and a broad analysis of the line profile components, excitation, and cooling. We detect 719 spectral lines from 40 species and isotopologs. The line flux is dominated by CO, H2O, and CH3OH. The line profiles are complex and vary with species and upper level energy, but clearly contain signatures from quiescent gas, a broad component likely due to an outflow, and a foreground cloud. We find abundant evidence for warm, dense gas, as well as for an outflow in the field of view. Line flux represents 2% of the 7 L_Sol luminosity detected with HIFI in the 480 to 1250 GHz range. Of the total line flux, 60% is from CO, 13% from H2O and 9% from CH3OH. A comparison with similar HIFI spectra of other sources is set to provide much new insight into star formation regions, a case in point being a difference of two orders of magnitude in the relative contribution of sulphur oxides to the line cooling of Orion KL and OMC-2 FIR 4.
We propose a scheme for entangling the motional mode of a trapped atom with a propagating light field via a cavity-mediated parametric interaction. We then show that if this light field is subsequently coupled to a second distant atom via a cavity-mediated linear-mixing interaction, it is possible to transfer the entanglement from the light beam to the motional mode of the second atom to create an EPR-type entangled state of the positions and momenta of two distantly-separated atoms.
Given a non-CM elliptic curve E over Q, define the ``torsion conductor'' m_E to be the smallest positive integer so that the Galois representation on the torsion of E has image Pi^{-1}(Gal(Q(E[m_E])/Q), where Pi denotes the natural projection GL_2(\hat{Z}) onto GL_2(Z/m_E Z). We show that, uniformly for semi-stable non-CM elliptic curves E over Q, m_E is less than a constant times the 5th power of the conductor of E.
We count the n-strand braids whose normal decomposition has length at most two in the dual braid monoid B_n+* by reducing the question to a computation of free cumulants for a product of independent variables, for which we establish a general formula.
In this article, we take the point of view that the charmed scalar meson $D_{s0}(2317)$ be a tetraquark state and devote to calculate its mass within the framework of the QCD sum rules approach in the heavy quark limit. The numerical values for the mass of the $D_{s0}(2317)$ are consistent with the experimental data, there must be some tetraquark component in the scalar meson $D_{s0}(2317)$. Detailed discussions about the threshold parameter and Borel parameter for the multiquark states are also presented.