ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
To begin with, language is the main mode of communication that human beings use to express themselves. Human beings rely on their fellow partners to take them through a learning process where a certain language has to be used in the deliverance and assimilation of knowledge. In this process, language comes in handy in assisting learning where it helps individuals to be in a position to group the various learned experiences into certain categories for teaching purposes. Womack expressed that human beings are able to release their thoughts to their fellow colleagues through language which therefore assists their colleagues to learn the various cultural aspects (79). All through the various stages of development, human beings encounter different levels of learning. During the training, the trainers must portray special masterly of a certain language to help the trainees to master the skills too. It is for this reason that we consider language as an important way of assisting learning. Phillip commented that, children at their very early age obtain knowledge through nonlinguistic methods which are not organized and may include symbols, signs or even sound (117). Children therefore need language to be in a position to interpret these various experiences as they develop. They will need to know how to view issues differently, how to encode the information given and must also be able to put things in the right sequence. At this stage language makes growing children open minded, creative and assist them in communicating. During their communication, children will rely on language to attain their knowledge and enrich their cognitive abilities. All these are forms of learning which rely heavily on language and can not be ignored. Swason extensively discussed how human beings attribute and obtain their culture from the various environments they live in and interact with, and how human beings are able to learn and appreciate their cultures through language (164). At youth stage a lot of socialization and expressions depend on language masterly so as to learn what your colleagues appreciates and be able to interact freely. At a later stage in life various other ways in which language assists learning come up to help human beings to survive or be in a position to enlarge their powers and knowledge. Language is very vital in helping human beings learn various cultural values of the communities they live in and be able to interact with the members of the community both locally and the universe. Steven observed that human beings are able to enrich and upgrade their cultures as well as empower their knowledge through language (117). These two factors form some of the major issues which individuals have always wanted to discover in greater depth through learning. Scholars endeavor to learn various languages so as to be well place in interacting with people from different cultures. This therefore help to im
Race refers to an ideological and social concept that perceives certain people as superior to others based on geographical background and human external features. The race is a concept that influences people’s social lives. For example, teacher-student interaction in learning institutions would vary, depending on people’s social-economic status. For instance, school course works of learning institutions in poor societies are different from schools in wealthy regions. Race can be comprehended upon variations based on religion, language, skin color, nationality, and physical traits. Race s a concept, which is portrayed as an ethic intensifier; it is a fixed concept that does not embrace open-mindedness. Various schools in human society offer various educational experiences and various types of knowledge to learners of different social statuses. Schools that serve the rich have different curriculum programs from schools, which serve the poor people. Students who come from poor working-class families attend schools that prepare them for routine and mechanical wage labor (Blue Collar Jobs). Learners who come from middle working-class families go to school that prepares them to get White Collar Jobs. Learners who come from upper-middle-class families attend schools that prepare them to become professional individuals like their parents; to acquire scientific, linguistic, and artistic knowledge. Learners who come from rich families are prepared in learning institutions, which enable students to acquire essential skills to control and own production means and capitalism in society. The race is a concept that fulfills ideological needs; its effectiveness is based on the need to reconcile slavery and freedom. Natural rights and liberty are important concepts when addressing social inequities. Improvement of social structures and institutions can minimize racial disparities; improving people’s Social-economic status can reduce racism cases. Creation of Vignette Vignette can be utilized in the teaching profession. Vignette is used to address matters of social justice in school programs. The use of vignette is an initiative that is adopted in educational teaching reforms; it aims at improving the impacts of teacher education and education for social justice. This assessment tool is focused on assessing the effects of teacher education whereby an assortment of complementary studies assembles confirmations from various viewpoints. This is meant to investigate the effects of teacher education from educators and their learners, and the great aim of education. Vignette provides a valid and reliable measure of the disposition, attitude, social justice, and beliefs of teachers. A vignette is an assessment tool used to measure facets of education for social justice; it documents transformation in the perception of teachers concerning social justice in education. Social justice is one of the great aims of education. Social ju
This is a short story on “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” from My World and Welcome to It.” The story gives an account of Mr. Mitty’s dreams and his encounters. It also shows his relationship with his wife. In this narration, the writer has used several themes such as power and authority and the position of women in society so as to show how this piece of writing can be used in relation to real life experiences. The author has used different styles so as to make the story appealing to the audience. He has incorporated the use of symbolism, dialogue and humor to bring out its relevance to his audience. One notes that the author was careful on how he used the setting of a dream so that he could address different issues that affect society. James T uses a somber and relaxed tone. In some instances, he also uses an ironic tone. The theme of power and authority has been widely used in this story. In all the dreams, Mitty sees himself as having power. In the first dream, he is the commander of navy militants. He has power over all other people in the navy. We are shown how he uses an authoritative voice when giving instructions. He is tough on his group and sometimes he is even rude to them. For example, Lieutenant Berg was giving an idea of what to do so that they can stop spoiling the hurricane and the commander replies saying that he had not asked for his ideas. Mitty also uses his authority as a commander to instruct his crew to an extent they term him as a man who fears nothing, not even hell, “The Old Man is not afraid of hell!” In relation to this theme of power and authority, the theme of, the position of a woman in society is brought up. Mitty’s wife has no much to contribute in society. Mitty drives her and when she complains about the The speed he is driving at, Mitty assumes he did not hear what she said and he continues driving. He even looks at her strangely with shock and astonishment after she screams at him. In the second scream, Mitty dreams being a famous surgeon who is a friend to President Roosevelt. He sees himself as having power and authority over influential men, doctors, surgeons and businessmen. He has the power and authority to give instructions on what should be done in the operating room. They r
A lot of literature on the contributions of armed forces to the security of nations has been written but there are very few books penned that concentrate on the crucial role played by military families in providing the bedrock of stability for the men and women in arms. The Military Family: A Practice Guide for Human Service Providers by James A Martin, Leora N Rosen, and Linnete R Sparacino is one such unique work where the authors have put together a comprehensive collection of research articles focused on military families of the United States which this book review strives to objectively examine. The book encapsulates the complexities and challenges faced by military families in an era where military families in the United States have become multicultural, diverse, and now consist largely of dual-income where both the husband and wife are working either in the military or outside. The strain of a ‘long-distance marriage, separation, absentee parent and its effects on the siblings is examined in great detail as also the remarkable resilience of military families to cope with such difficult challenges. The book chronicles the military’s efforts to deal with the social challenges and how the operational dynamics have forced the military to outsource and privatize many of the family support functions to civilian service providers who increasingly would assume a greater role in providing the formal support system for the military. The book, therefore, provides civilian service providers unfamiliar with the complexities of military lives, ethos and dynamics, a reference to firstly understand the population set that they are dealing with, and secondly, to formulate the correct policies and responses so that the formal support system can adequately deliver the service that it is designed for. The authors demonstrate their intent when they state that “this book is intended to encourage civilian providers to involve themselves in the provision of services to military members and military families and to proactively engage the military community in this process” (Martin, Rosen, & Linette, 2000, p. xvi). The book is holistically arranged in three parts with Part I dealing with the cultures and conditions of military life, Part II, the unique aspects of military life and part III focusing on family advocacy issues. The authors point to the long tour of duties involving separation from families, poor pay, and inherent danger to life as markers that distinguishes military career from civilian careers. The authors observe that the U.S. armed forces shifted to an all-volunteer force in 1973 and this shift brought in far reaching changes in the social structure of the force. Before 1973, the force was more diverse, consisted of lesser married people but after 1973 that changed to a more defined social structure where a larger percentage of the force was married. In 1973 51 % of the force was married that increased to 58% by 1997 (Martin, Rosen, & Linette, p. 6). Pre 1973, the US armed forces only recognized families of career officers but after 1973, families of first time junior enlisted soldiers also came to be officially recognized as part
Many philosophers and thinkers tried to build the model of a perfect society. Some of these works were completely utopian, and some of these ideas were successfully (or unsuccessfully) applied in practice. One of the greatest thinkers of all times whose political view found their reflection in practice was John Lock. John Lock is one of the greatest thinkers and philosophers of England whose theories were taken as the basis for many studies in the fields of philosophy, pedagogics and political sciences. The main fields of his activities were education, metaphysics, political philosophy and epistemology. The most famous of his theories are “tabula rasa”, state of nature, rights of life and theories related to the structure and principles of a perfect society. Some of his ideas were adopted and extended by other philosophers and scientists, such as Hume and Kant. One of the major fields of his work was the sphere of politics. He made a great contribution to it with his investigations. Lock worked on the problem of the “human nature”, “civil society” and “natural state”. The essence of these ideas were presented and discussed in his major work Two Treatises of Government. In The Second Treatise (the second part of the book), he presented his ideas of the state of nature and civil society as the basic ideas of a perfect social structure and commonwealth analyzing such concepts as freedom, property, common good, positive law, social contract and some others. However, some of these ideas, in particular the idea of property and positive law, sometimes call several contradictions of their applications to their implementations to real social and political structure. At any rate, Lock’s ideas of equality and independence became the basis for many social laws, particularly, they were reflected in the American Declaration of Independence. Moreover, several principles of the Lock’s government could be found in the state papers of many countries. The concept ideas of the state of nature, law of nature, civil state and common good were discussed by Lock in his works. The major of them are Two Treatises of Government, First Tract of Government, Second Tract of Government, Questions Concerning the Law of Nature. In these works, Lock explained his views on the role of government and the principles of its functioning. He accentuated that all people are equal and have rights and needs that should be the major preoccupation of every state. Lock accentuated that people should obey the rules of their society, however, they have a full right to change the government if it does not fulfill its functions and its actions begin to violence the society. Lock also presented the conditions when people can rebel against the government in order to replace it by another one. The most detailed and augmented explanation of Lock’s political theory can be found in his major work on political philosophy Two Treatises of Government. This work is dedicated to the development of the ideas o
The Monkey Wrench Gang written by Edward Abbey in 1975 is one of his most noteworthy novels and deals with the issues relating to the use of sabotage tactics in protesting about environmental damages being inflicted in South West of America. The novel became very popular and created the idiom of monkey wrench in referring to the sabotage activities that damaged machines and led to violence in America in order to protect natural habitat and conserve forests and ecosystems. The book highlights the efforts of four characters; the river guide named Jack Mormon, a Vietnam War veteran named George Hayduke, a surgeon and his aide. Although all four do not always work together they represent an ostensible team that is committed to the prevention of the environment. They have a major objective in destroying the systems responsible for polluting and harming the eco systems. They sabotage bulldozers while they are not in use and attack trains in attempts to highlight the cause that they fight for, and in the process the law catches up with them. Their motives are aptly highlighted by the following narrative from the novel: “The wilderness once offered men a plausible way of life….now it functions as a psychiatric refuge. Soon there will be no wilderness…Soon there will be no place to go. Then the madness becomes universal….and the universe goes mad.” (Abbey, 2000, pp. 63) Abbey has used a third person account in the entire novel. This was perhaps necessary since it permitted the author to entirely delve into the thinking processes and characteristics of the characters. The emotions and actions in the novel could not have been effectively explained and the key relationships that are built in the novel would not have been possible without using the third person narratives. The book has been admired for its description of the sophistication, down to earth humour and the precision with which a detailed account has been given of life away from densely populated areas. However from the perspective of the twenty first century, the team does not bear much resemblance to the depiction of the modern day environmentalists. They consume lot of red meat, possess fire arms, litter the countryside with rubbish and leftovers such as beer cans and left over food, and travel in luxury cars. The team of Abbey’s characters does not appear to portray any disapproval for liberalism and also harass and assault whites and Indians for indulging in consumerism. They appear to have little value for the Sierra Club which is a long standing environmental organization patronized by the masses for its efforts in preventing the environment. The team of four views as enemies all those who favour the development of the American Sout
Parenting styles Parenting styles involves the way these adolescents (involving themselves in school shootings) were brought up by their parents. It is all about the social life that these victims were exposed to. You will find that most of the school shootings that occur originate from the social life of the victims. This means that parenting style is very important in helping alleviate this challenge. Reviewing on the background of students, one will definitely notice the different family backgrounds they come from. Such backgrounds include broken marriage families, single parent families, poor families, rich families, caring and uncaring families among others. Some even grow up as orphans with no parental contact at all (Hayes 2). Many of the behaviors found in students particularly the males, are as a result of their backgrounds. This causes them to develop feelings of self rejection, self pity and total desperation. They eventually turn out to engage themselves in drugs and other acts of terrorism. Most of them eventually end up developing a don’t-care-attitude which eventually leads to habits of shootings in schools. Other reasons are the religious influences, for example the Muslims who propagate Jihad (Holy war) and also peer influence (Newman et al. 1). An individual can be brought up in a good environment only to be carried away by bad influence from his fellow friends. Some of these friends might have been brought up in a bad environment. The issue of the holy war as the Muslims claim is also another parenting failure. Young Muslims are brought up in an environment that misleads them about war. They end up applying such teachings in school. To them, wa
The period of the United Unions lasted for about a century. The impact of the Union on other countries which were its members cannot be overestimated. In the different periods, the Union comprised from four to sixteen countries. Its territory occupied one-sixth of the Earth’s surface. After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, its countries-members had different destinies. Some of them followed the examples of western European countries, while others took an absolutely different political and economical direction. So, what are the reasons for such a striking difference between the development of all post-soviet countries? Why did Russia choose one way, while the Czech Republic moved in another direction? It is obvious that there are significant differences between all post-soviet countries, and there are logical reasons for such disparity. In order to examine the reason for such difference we would need to deal with different aspects of different countries: history, culture, the role of the Soviet Union, etc. To begin with, it should be mentioned that “by the end of the communist period, all of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe faced profound economic crisis” (White, Batt, Lewis, and Seroka 6). Frankly speaking, such an aftereffect of the Dissolution of the Soviet Union for countries which were its members is not a surprise. Imagine the system which controls all aspects of economics. One day this system breaks, and there is no other sufficient one that could place the previous system. In other words, Europe, as well as members of the Soviet Union were not ready for separation. Of course, some of them had more facilities for rapid development, while others were dependant on the government of the dissolute country. Still, the approach of politicians of different post-soviet counties predetermined their development in this or that direction. Romania is a post-soviet country which development and further history were predetermined by the fact of its membership in the Soviet Union. The political and economic situation in the country was closely connected with the notion of nationalism. Nicolae Ceausescu was a leader of Romania whose government is considered to have the most negative impact on the country. “From the beginning of the Ceausescu era, the new leadership injected an element of nationalism into its domestic and foreign politics” (Cheng 146). This ear can be described as the period of Romania’s economic stagnation. The thing is that the economic situation was the worst among the Soviet Union countries. Moreover, Ceausescu managed to create the most politically centralized government. Such a political approach could not but cause the economy: Ceausescu pursued rapid industrialization of the