ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction US mining corporations are considered to be a leader in their specific fields. Mining in the US is advanced in terms of technology. It is also safe as it meets the basic as well as advanced safety parameters. Mining companies in the US are also renowned for their innovative improvements that have resulted in lowered production costs. Whenever we talk of mining in the US, we also try and pay attention towards the mining communities that are involved in the entire process. There are several mining communities in the United States and some of the major communities belong to Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington and West Virginia. These mining communities have always been involved in numerous cases of ethnic violence and some have even complained of being biased on the basis of sex, class, colour and creed. Here, the discussion would be for and against the mining practice in general (Shuis-Cremer, Walters, and Sichel 8) Main body The coal mining practice in the Appalachian Mountains has always been under a scanner and a battle has been on for several years regarding the ban on the ongoing mining activities. The main reason behind this ban is the rapid destruction of natural resources. It has been noticed that in the last three decades, some 2500 square miles of land has been flattened and almost 1,200 square miles of streams have been spoilt. The crusade has been termed as the ‘Mountaintop Removal Mining’ and is lying with the administration in Washington and the matter is now heating up in West Virginia as this is where most of the crusaders are holed up. There are families that have been staying in these mountains for several hundred years and they have always lived in the lap of Mother Nature. Now, owing to the sudden spurt in mining activities, things have gotten quite out of control and there is a sudden scarcity of natural green lands in an area which was once enveloped in the lap of lush green mountains. This has caused people living in and near the mining areas to be forcibly deprived of their natural landscapes. In the Boon County, a place which produces more coal than any other county in the state and where most of the people make a living through mining, a sudden shift in nature has caused them to sit up and take notice of the rampant mining activities, which if allowed to continue at the present indiscriminate pace, would result in total catastrophe and the local inhabitants may have to loose their land in the act (Cook 65).The dumping of rocks and debris, the presence of waste water and landscaping have destroyed many a homes. Likewise, owing to the excessive use of chemicals during the mining process, the water pollutants have increased four folds and diseases are on the rise as people are still using toxic water from the nearby heavily pollute
Abstract Memory is a very vital human tool without which many of cognitive processes cannot take place. Humans rely on memory to recount the past and help forge the future. However, at times the human memory is vulnerable to errors in that individuals can claim to report what they think took place when in reality it did not. This could be as a result of outside pressures, great expectations or misleading perceptions. This essay presents a report on the controversial concept of false memory in which an experiment was conducted across a number of participants. Words were displayed and later the observers were expected to report what they recall. The rate at which the observers included nonexistent words in their recollection of the initial study list was explored and represented in the experiment. This error was represented through percentages and tables. The idea that individuals are more often incapable of differentiating the memory of an actual happening from that of their perceived nonexistent one is also discussed. This false memory is a result of machinations, illusions and metamemorial aspects. The consequences of such a procedure and their relation to the cognitive theory are also mentioned. Metamemory -False memory experiment The most fundamental aspect of any cognitive theory is the accuracy of a recollection or a memory. This is due to the fact that to some extent, almost all dimensions of the cognitive process are based on memory (Brainerd & Reyna, 2002, p. 166). Thus, in order to comprehend the problem solving, decision making, contemplation and discernment processes, it becomes necessary to understand the capabilities of the memory and how far it can go without losing its edge. Precise and good memory is thus not only significant for practical purposes but also for important events in life that rely on human perceptions such as getting reliable witness accounts on judicial matters. Memory enables us recall our past, be it personal or pertaining to society and by so doing it helps us establish our position and role in the society. Metamemory refers to both an individual’s cognitive abilities, including how memory operates, its components, approaches that can assist the memory, and the cognitive developments that are part of an individual memory self-regulation (Pannu & Kaszniak, 2005, p. 106). This way, individuals are able to know a
This book features the travelogue genre. The book’s title is “Schlepping through the Alps” in reference to the Austrian Alps. The Author of this book is 25-year-old Sam Apple. From the book’s subtitle, it is clear that focus is on Austria’s Jews and their history. The subtitle quips that the author’s journey is a “search for the Jewish past with the last wandering shepherd”. Although the book reveals a novice approach to travelogue, it still manages to uncover various aspects of Austria’s Jewish history. Sam Apple was first exposed to Jewish history when he was invited to a community centre in New York. At the community centre, Apple met Hans Breuer an Austrian shepherd who was giving a historical presentation on Jewish history. During the presentation, Breuer was showing picture slides of his flock and singing Yiddish ditties. Breuer claimed to sing to his sheep when he was “schlepping” or moving them from one pasture to another. He also claimed to perform Yiddish ditties among the rural communities he encountered during his shepherding duties. When he first met Breuer, Apple was a journalist but Breuer’s story intrigued him. Eventually, he decided to visit Breuer in Vienna where he interviewed several people about Jewish history. The author depicts himself as a neurotic, inexperienced, and opinionated youthful New Yorker. When he first arrives in Austria, his only connection to Jewish history is his grandmother who was particularly vocal on anti-Semitism. The author is also quick to note that he has never experienced any anti-Semitism in the course of his life. The book also highlights his naivety as portrayed by his excess luggage and misinformed views on Jewish matters. Apple derives most of his Jewish experience from his Jewish grandmother. He notes that his grandmother viewed the world in terms of “us” (Jews) and “those” (Gentiles). The narrator’s main subject of study is 45-year-old Hans Breuer. Hans is an odd character whose eccentric nature is highlighted by his interactions with the rural folk. Breuer undertakes his shepherding together with his wife with whom he has three boys. The author quips that Hans also engages in extra marital affairs. Hans’s Jewish heritage is derived from his Jewish father. His mother was not Jewish but both of his parents were active communists in Vienna. Hans has spent most of his youth travelling through E
Introduction Critical thinking is an important skill that will help guide a person in making quality decisions. However, the ability to think critically does not come easy for many people. This is because the ability to think and come up with the most effective and most helpful solution or insight regarding a particular issue is something that can only be achieved by practice and constant learning about the process of critical thinking. One of the most important habits of a critical thinker is the predisposition to ask the right questions that can draw important information that in turn can help in the decision-making process. Authors Browne and Keely developed a system that will help critical thinkers draw relevant information from reading material. They were able to refine this critical thinking model by breaking it down into eleven steps, and these steps come in the form of a question. The following is an attempt to analyze a business document using these principles. What are the issue and conclusions? The issue is rooted in the letter sent by Governor Sally Bernstein notifying the Federated State Employees Union Local No. 343 that the state’s DoT information systems management function will be privatized and outsourced and as a result union members will be offered similar positions in other departments within the executive branch of government as vacancies arise due to attrition. The issue was clarified even further by the assertion that the proposal is an assault on the union and it will set a bad precedent that will affect the future of the union. Therefore, the one who prepared the memo concluded that FSEU Local No. 343 should challenge the governor’s proposed privatization of the DoT information systems management function because it is considered an unfair management practice. It was also pointed out the certainty that the members of the union will lose their jobs because of the government’s drive to achieve efficiency although there is nothing in the proposal that can compel the leaders of the union to agree with them. The one who wrote the memo also pointed out that this action is a potential violation of the Pendleton Act of 1883. Thus, it was suggested that if the governor was intent on saving money then it would be better for her to abandon an expensive and wasteful project of hers – the construction of a new convention center. What are the rea
Strategic workforce planning is a process of identifying, developing, and retaining employees in order to meet the objectives of the organization. It lays down the path that the company will take and articulates considerable program goals that are linked with change. This planning needs to ensure that employees adapt to change failure to which can lead to the ineffectiveness of the strategic workforce planning, which in most cases, is caused by unproductive behavior of employees. Unproductive behavior can cause consequences such as a decline in productivity and quality of products and services. Other impacts of unproductive behavior of employees on the strategic workforce planning include absenteeism, reduction in employee engagement, decrease in productivity, performance, customer loyalty, and low reputation of the company’s brand (Schroeder-Saulnier, 2012). The challenges facing strategic workforce planning can be addressed by integrating the process of planning and involving an organization professional. The professional will need to understand the previous change initiatives by working closely with the leaders and the employees. Involving the top management or leadership, who are responsible for steering organizational change, and making the strategic workforce planning a necessity for ensuring the alignment of business strategy with talent management strategy, can also serve to help the organization. The organizational professional can also assist the management in identifying employees who might act as champions or potential stumbling block. The subsequent measure is to map out a change process and construct an effective system of communication. During the process of implementing the strategic workforce plan, the management needs to provide adequate support and development while leading the employees through the change process (Schroeder-Saulnier, 2012). Effective implementation of this strategy will lead to productive employee behavior, which translates to high levels of job satisfaction, reduced feelings of quitting, and employee absenteeism. This has an impact on the organization’s environment since job satisfaction among employees, results in positive behavior towards customers, which will in turn promote customer satisfaction (Jetten et al, 2007). Most corporate mergers fail due to cultural conflict; fall in acquisition of firm stock prices, and high turnover. An example of is the merger between Chrysler and Mercedes-Benz which started off well by reporting improved performance, as well as widespread expectations that it would be a success. The two organizations agreed on a fusion of equals where they would in cooperation benefit from each other’s potencies and potentials. The merger then failed after several months due to cultural conflict as they reported failure in the management and operations because of the different ways of operation between
Failing schools The primary aim of the education system is to ensure that people gain knowledge and apply what they have learned in real life situations. However, many public schools around the U.S are failing in this role. Most of these schools are the public schools located in poor neighborhoods. Compared to their peers from well-off families, students from poor families are more likely to drop out of school (Neckerman, 2007). Apart from having inadequate resources, schools in poor neighborhoods also fail due to the poor strategies that the school administrators use (Wolk, 2011). New technologies such as smartphones and personal computers promise to improve the effectiveness of education. However, most schools still utilize resources and ideas that are way past their time. The utilization of these old ideas and resources in the current academic environment has also contributed to the failing of schools. Tough (2013) discusses the case of Fenger High School and shows how the society also contributes to the failure of schools. The society has created an environment that is not conducive to successful learning. Such an environment includes poor neighborhoods where the students have to worry more about the socio-economic problems they face than their academic performance. Apart from that, schools are also failing because they don’t take into consideration the character strength of individual students (Tough, 2013). Why is failure important? Failure is the first step towards success. Additionally, it is not unusual for one to fail. Most successful people around the world have had an experience characterized by failure. In most cases, these successful individuals credit these events to their success. It is quite difficult to avoid failure. By failing, we get to know our weakness and identify where we went wrong (Harford, 2011). Failure makes it possible for an individual to learn from and avoid the mistakes they made in the past. Failure also teaches us to pursue those things that we hold dear. People are most likely to give up on the projects they are doing if the said projects do not interest them. Additionally, failure teaches people to push themselves even harder. It is possible for one to recognize his or her hidden abilities by failing. Success means to achieve a certain objective within a set period. There are different areas in which people can succeed. These fields include academics, sports, leadership, and business. There are numerous character traits that develop with success. These characteristics include working hard, being passionate about what one is doing, taking responsibility, attention to detail and a passion for improvement (Petroski, 2006). What helps you to be successful? Having a good mentor is one thing that can help us be successful. A mentor is a person who is in a position to offer guidance. Mentors alone cannot help one achieve success. To be successful, one also needs support from peers, including friends and family members (Kavanagh, 2012). One should always seek support from those people who are willing to share their frustrations and who are ready to offer a piece of advice from time to time. Additionally, it is
Introduction International relations continue to re-shape feminism by its increased articulation of the ideology through an enhanced global discourse that pursues the embodiment of human rights. The global community continues to take cognisance of the fact that justifying feminist action is a humanitarian cause that seeks nothing but the good for all humanity (NGO Working Group on Women, Peace, and Security 2015, p. 1). In recent times, there has been tremendous progress in recognising and addressing the lopsided impact of conflict on women and girls generally. Women’s leadership pursues the full and equal participation of both girls and women in an effort to establish a lasting global peace and security. Opportunities for women as Lene (2000, p. 78) notes will not be easy to achieve without the promotion and recognition of their human rights. The global community must be imperative to avert conflicts and build peace across the world to make the feminine objectives achievable. Achieving the objectives of women demands that the international community address the following: Women’s participation Often, the society tends systematically exclude women from meaningful participation. This scenario characteristically threatens the sustainability of engagements hence forcing women to push for greater representation and fairness. The international community has a duty to pull together all peace-making initiatives to include women to the process systematically (NGO Working Group on Women, Peace, and Security 2015, p. 2). The need to increase the participation of women and the girl child in the civil society organisations must aim to strengthen women human rights. Increased participation of women must hasten women’s ability as decision makers both at national and local levels. The contribution of women is critical as it ensures that women’s rights and priorities are enshrined in the political processes to bring sustainable peace. National and regional integration Local, national, and regional gender balance can pave the way for increased participation of women in the mainstream society and institutionalise women’s leadership in decision-making processes. Women have what it takes to transform almost every sector of society, including health, education, leadership, and business (Mayoux 2010, p. 583). Integration of women in the mainstream activities in the society must aim to enhance gender perspective as pillars of institutional work in the development of these efforts. The international community has a duty to work as a united force to develop, implement, and evaluate the existing global gender strategies that seek embody women affairs. Expanding public leadership to involve women Over the past thirty years, there has been a widespread revolution in the concept of governance and public administration generally (Riccucci 2010, p. 167). Public administration continues to be a challenge in most parts of the world hence how to improve i
Introduction Cheating in schools has become the order of the day and is no more considered a big deal. Sometimes it is even deemed necessary. Students copy from others’ assignments and tests. Sadly, this is not only by the participating students but also by quite a number of teachers. Some merely ignore it while others go as far as taking part in it. Public schools are the most affected by this particular issue. The reasons for cheating in public schools include; extrinsic inspiration of students, inadequate connection to school, negative frame of mind, risk taking comportment and setting of unrealistically high targets for teachers. Researches done over the years show that cheating is increasing steadily with time in all institutions (Baggish). Extrinsic inspiration of students There are two major categories of students: students who appreciate learning mainly for the sake of gaining knowledge and those seeking prizes, admissions to higher learning institutions and contented parents. The former are self- driven whereas the latter are motivated by the promised accolades. There is however a third group of scholars who display equal rations of both inspirations. A survey done by the Independent Schools Health Check (ISHC) showed that self-driven students cheat the least (17.7%), mixed students cheat moderately (25.2%) and prize seeking students cheat the most (38.3%). Most students in public schools are either prize driven or mixed hence they tend to cheat more than private schools. Inadequate connection to school Learners in public schools mostly feel unsupported by their teachers and dislike studying. They find the school rules unfair and lack a sense of belonging. They generally experience little or no internal pressure to succeed, unlike their private school counterparts who relish their specialized curriculums, like their teachers and find them helpful. This deficiency in public schools leads to increased cheating in assignments and quizzes. Due to the low internal pressure for success, most students do their work simply to maintain routine and not to boost their knowledge. However, even some of the students who retain a suitable connection to school take part in cheating. Negative frame of mind Such students are usually experiencing emotional, developmental and interactive troubles. The majorities are found in public institutions and are a much diversified set of students. They generally feel isolated, upset
Aim of the research proposal Inn suites Hotel in Canada is one of the Best hotels for one to invest in but recently it has experienced falling profits due to poor management, poor strategic plans coupled with poor budgeting of plans. As a new manager in this firm with good management styles, excellent experience as a manager and also with good talents as far as making a business decision is concerned, it is my duty to carry out research in this hospitable hotel which in the past should be one of the most leading hotels in Canada but today it actually perfumes poorly. My research will be mainly centered on reviewing the hotels financial and operating records of the enterprise in order to know how they have been structured leading to the huge losses of this company, reviewing the marketing plans and how they have been structured, review on the daily customer comment cards in relation to this hotel’s main activities, customer comment book and general customer correspondence to my predecessor bearing in my that with my little experience with this enterprise, it is not performing well as it should be. In my research, it will be based on interviewing a sample of employees and a sample of the daily customers in this hotel so that I can be in a position to get the correct information. It is in this research then I can be in a position to know the factors which actually led to the fall in profits of this hotel, be in a position to use these results in order to know the necessary changes to make in order to improve this hotel as a general manager. During this research, I will sample ten employees and ten customers who daily attend our hotel and the following methods of data collection shall be used. Written interviews, questionnaires and direct observation methods since these methods can give effective results. My research is expected to cost $30,000 in order to ensure that the hotel does not run into so many expenses leading to losses. (New Zealand Law Commission. 2001). The key theme of the research proposal The theme of the research is to ensure that this hotel is in a position to generate more revenue and ensuring that the revenue lines are always high. This can be achieved by ensuring that there is proper management of this hotel. This can actually be achieved by ensuring that there are well strategic plans with clearly defined goals and objectives that can be achieved. Have been reviewing the