ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The invitation to a wedding in Malay Muslims traditions not only impressed me but also opened my eyes too as it provoked me to enlarge my knowledge about Indian style of life, their preferences, and interests. A close friend Zainab later invited me to their own household within two days after attending their wedding ceremony for her sister. At the wedding, I got interesting stories from Zainab’s grand mother, revealing for me several facts about their family mutual support and care, I was eager to learn more and observe how these friendly people, this one big family live in one house, share their troubles, and improve their lives. For sure, how could more than ten people live in one house collectively? All my life, I think that it is so impossible and so incorrect for a family to live together; especially, it concerns such huge family as my friend Zainab’s family. Even taking into consideration such deep love and care, each person has a need of own space and a bit of privacy. This is why I cannot help but wonder whether this family always lives in love, without quarrels and numerous discussions. Actually my interest became more than just enquiring about what the family did together, but how they did it so harmoniously. When I entered the yard of their household, I was amazed with its neat and tidy. There was enough place for children to play, enough space for grown ups to have a rest, and enough place for a little garden. The house itself did not look too big, and this is why the yard, around the house, made it like a center of own universe to them. It was high time to enter the house and be amazed with its beauty, cleanness, and style. It was not similar to those houses, I watched on TV. Almost everything reminds the America style of life: huge kitchen with numerous products, spacious hall with a sofa and TV in its center, and the stairs, which lead to the second floor, where the bedrooms might to be. The only detail that reminded me that I was at the Malay Muslim’s household was numerous photos on the walls with one or two candles near each photo. I comprehended that this family respected each member of the family, and especially those, who were not alive any more. This very gesture should help other members of the family, and especially those, who are born in America, always remember about their roots, their past, and their family support. The Malay Muslim traditions is one of the few cultural traces that still hold their culture so dearly that one may wonder how they do this in a society so dynamic. In the modern society, people talk of harmony and unity to be the bedrock of any society’s success and the way t
Historical differences in technological change by Ester Boserup Beserup suggests a theory that population density was one of the most influential, if not the most, factors in technological progress. In this respect, civilizations that had increased population density in terms of people in a definite area were doomed to experience technological changes. Some technological inventions, even being useful and quite applicable, can remain unrealised until the conditions change in terms of population density, food scarcity, and food supply. In this respect, knowledge can remain unimplemented for a long period of time. The author claims that the period and timeframe necessary for realisation of some knowledge and its application in life can be predicted with the help of analysis of population density, population growth, and the growth rate. In other words, the historical differences in the speed of technological change can be explained in terms of the interrelations between population needs, demographic situation, and realisation of knowledge. I think that her explanation is rather convincing because there should be some impulse in society or science to promote and encourage the practical realisation of knowledge and its introduction for the purpose of overcoming some problems faced by society. Analysis of technological change by Lewis Mumford Lewis Mumford analyses technology as a scope of machines aimed at promotion of capitalism in human society. Also, this author called religious aspects and warfare strong elements that contributed greatly to the technological change. Besides, Mumford saw ‘technics’, as he called technology, in combination with religious and social values as a one whole or ‘organic mechanism’. In this respect, Mumford analysed technological progress as the one related to capitalism and social factors: technological changes can restrict people to power or increase potential and exist as a ‘machine’ in combination with social factors. Differences and similarities The concept of ‘technics’ by Mumford and ‘technology’ by Boserup Boserup’s concept of ‘technology’ includes development of agriculture as she analyses the methods of people in overcoming famine and other stresses related to food scarcity, growth of population, or decrease of resources. Thus, Ester Boserup suggests agriculture and techniques used for intensification of crop growth, development of crop resistance methods, and other
Quality management has greatly developed from a basic business and statistical model that is centered on numerical quality control into a concept that includes a wide variety of subjects and concerns within an organization. This kind of quality management is known as Total Quality Management (TQM) and it dominates the existing generation of quality concepts. The core concepts that lie behind TQM and are considered to be crucial in its successful implementation are clearly instituted and include client value satisfaction, constant improvement and complete organizational involvement. Despite this paradigm being very appealing and being used in many organizations with significant positive effects, the practicability of this idea remains questionable especially with the modern actuality of global markets and manufacturing entities. Industrialization brought with much opening up of the economic and trade sectors of most countries in the world. The constant progressing in the industrial sector has also lead to merging of neighboring countries to form trade blocks that simplify the trading process. Due to this, the global market has largely opened up in recent years and most companies and organizations have aim to advance their products to a global level. As a result of the large consumer base that the global organizations are expected to serve, their quality management slightly differs with that of the local organizations which have a much smaller consumer base. In this paper, I will use a local electronic company, Sollatek Electronics Ltd to compare the total quality management against a global electronics company, Ametek, Inc. These two companies both deal with the manufacturing of electronic devices and electromechanical instruments such as voltage switchers, voltage stabilizers and uninterruptible power supplies. Since every company’s goal is to have continuous growth as well as reduce its costs, it is essential to use total quality management so as to produce high quality products at a low cost and at the same time ensure that the customers are satisfied (Janakiraman & Gopal 2006). The first point of comparison is the modes of production orientation which are seen to be similar in both companies. However a global company such as Ametek might end up extending their orientation to a point where dysfunctions begin to emerge. This is because it involves all operations and units in all the countries and thus automatically involves an apparently seem less set of potential designs. In addition, if Ametek came to UK and found that the local market is not competitive enough or is incompatible, it will be forced to link with other companies from overseas. Market orientation is also be similar between global company Ametek and the local company Sollatek, but the diversity of customer necessities across various consumer markets means that customer satisfaction may be more difficult to achieve in the case of Ametek. This is especially so if the resources from the company are inadequate. This is because the perceptions clients in regard to value are likely to differ more widely than in the case of Soll
Introduction   * Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are disorders affecting the urinary system.   * UTI’s are the most prevalent hospital-acquired infections.   * Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) occur due to the use of catheters.   * 75% of UTIs in hospitals arise from catheter usage.   * Approximately 15 to 25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters.   * The exact causes of CAUTIs are illustrated by the fishbone diagram in Figure 1. The urinary tract system includes the bladder, urethra, ureter, and kidney. Infections of the urinary system are among the most common diseases that patients contract during their hospital stay (Lo et al., 2014). Catheters are tubes introduced into the bladder through the urethra to remove urine in a process known as catheterization. This process often occurs in patients in the intensive care unit. Overstaying with catheters and unhygienic conditions during the insertion process are mostly to blame for CAUTIs. The large incidence of hospital-acquired infections including CAUTIs have prompted the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid to stop reimbursing hospitals for the treatment costs incurred in the treatment of such infections. Therefore, this move has forced most hospitals to initiate quality improvement strategies. The causes of CAUTIs are broadly classified into four main groups namely equipment, people, materials, and process. Equipment causes include the lack of adequate equipment in the insertion and removal of catheters, broken facilities and the lack of adequate computers to help in the monitoring of catheter insertion and removal in patients. The people factors include fatigue, stressful work environments and understaffing. These factors lower the efficiency of the workers thus exposing patients to the risk of infections such as CAUTIs. The materials factors include missing medications, low inventory (inadequate supplies to facilitate the aseptic insertion and removal of catheters) and the lack of staff education materials such as posters, and charts. Nurses may be willing to use the proper procedures in catheterization. However, limited resources may work against their good intentions. The process factors include poor communication among employees, using outdated infection control processes, and the lack of patient education on self-care. Patients play a significant role in their own wellbeing through self-care. However, without adequate and accurate information from their providers, it is impossible for them to take good care of themselves. Fishbone diagram for the causes of CAUTIs. Strategies for Quality Improvement   * Use of proper staffing approaches:       + To reduce workload per nurse and hence fatigue.       + Introducing education and behavioral interventions.   * Behavioral interventions:       + Catheter restraint.       + Adherence to catheter removal protocols.       + Aseptic techniques during the insertion of cathete
Sustainable development is the ability of the present generation to meet their needs fully without compromising the ability of the future generation from meeting their needs. Evidently, the present generation should pursue their economic needs and, at the same time, promote sound environmental management practices and social justness to enablthe e the future generation to be able to pursue their needs without challenges (Moffatt, 2000). Ideally, sustainable development entails achieving sustainability at the economic, social, and ecological levels. Ecologically, sustainability involves appropriate management of environmental capital by the present generation to assure the future generation of the same benefits. Moreover, the process involves regulating human activities to preserve the ecosystems such as soil, water, and air. This approach will guarantee the preservation and maintenance of the different species of flthe ora and fauna hence not be rendered extinct. On the other aspect, ecological footprint entails the quantity of land and water that human beings require to obtain the necessary resources for self-sustainability and even absorb the generated wastes (Moffatt, 2000). It reflects a country’s, groups’, or people’s level of energy consumption. The essay analyzes the link between sustainable development and ecological footprint gave the prevailing technology. Ecological footprint assists in indicating or gauging the level of environmental sustainability. The parameter is concerned with the
Every component of a reflective learning process must include a reflective phase that gives students the opportunity to be engaged in the reflection (Furco, 2007). This phase gives the project a serine opportunity to reflect back on the progress that has been realized so far. Prior to its commencement, this particular project consisted of two collaborative pieces. The administrator of this particular project had a meeting with two administrators and one parent who was also the president of the Parents Teachers Association. The planning phase of the project was discussed during the meeting. It focused on the components of the project with regards to the summer school programme, how it will be linked to the schools language arts curriculum, the aim and purpose of the project and how it would involve and empower the community. Other factors, such as materials that will be required and the mode of transportation were also discussed. This project focused on gang violence; a tragedy that has caused a lot of chaos in Hartford, CT. It has been on the rise and during that process many youths have become its victims. Some of them have been hurt while others have been killed. This project will therefore give the young people of this community a chance to learn about various aspects of their society through the creation of awareness. The project thus involved six 3 rd grade students in each class. To be more interesting to the students, the administrator divided the community into different quadrants. The regions that were selected had rich history and community pride (Ammon and Middaugh, 2001). Each quadrant was assigned students from a different region so that they can experience and appreciate the difference in culture. The students were asked questions about the opposite quadrant to increase their knowledge about Harford, CT and raise their curiosity. Furthermore, they will proceed with the expository component that is linked to the school curriculum where they are expected to keep in touch with a pen pal through writing. This will increase their social and interaction skills. In the end, they are expected to share the knowledge which they have learned with their class members. Establishing the foundation of the project was difficult during the initial phase due to its sensitive nature (Morgan, 2001). To ensure that the project is successful, it commenced during summer; a period where there are minimal school activities and the size of the classes are small and manageable. Including the president of the PTO was a political move rather than a recommendation. This is because she already has the support of other community members and fellow parents. Having this huge support is healthy for the project since it will increase the chances of it being successful (Westheimer and Kahne, 2000). Having a central location for the office was a brilliant idea since it can be accessed easily from any part of the city by parents and students. This will increase the participation of parents in the project during the final gathering. Despite all this, the project is expected to face several risks and setbacks which have to be planned for. First, the fact th
In today’s competitive market, service quality is one of the most important criteria for determining a business’s success or failure. A company may provide a very good product, but without the quality of service, that product will never become popular. Thus, improving the quality of service is of paramount importance to any manager and any company. At the same time, the quality of service is difficult to measure. While there have been a number of efforts to study service quality, finding a general agreement on the way to measure the concept has been a challenge. The first cohesive instrument that enabled managers and researchers to do so was the SERVQUAL questionnaire that was developed in 1988 by a body of academics, namely Parasurman, Zeithaml, and Berry. The questionnaire is based on the expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm and separates the notion of service quality into five different constructs:   * Tangibles – equipment, uniforms, company facilities, appearance, and other tangible factors;   * Reliability – how timely, accurately, and reliably a company performs its services;   * Responsiveness – the ability to work with customers and respond to their wishes and desires in a timely manner;   * Assurance – the ability to inspire confidence and trust in a customer;   * Empathy – the level of individualization and attention to every customer. SERVQUAL is widely used in the airline industry, where the quality of service plays a pivotal role in a company’s success. Most airline companies are relatively equal in terms of the speed and technological level at which they operate and provide services at similar prices. Between two similar companies, the customer will choose the one with the better quality of service. In this literature review, we will investigate the use of SERVQUAL in the airline industry. Literature Review What is Service Quality? As we investigate SERVQUAL in the scope of this research, some basic definitions are necessary. The first term requiring discussion is quality. Defining quality has always been troublesome as it is not something tangible. An early definition offered by Crosby (1979) in his book Quality is Free, suggests that quality means “doing it right the first time.” However, this definition is rather ambiguous – what can objectively be considered “doing it right”? This definition is further expanded on by Seth, Deshmukh, and Vrat (2005), who states that “quality means meeting the requirements of the customer” (p. 920). However, the research avoids a one-sided approach, mentioning that quality also means the elimination of objective non-quality traits present in a product or service. This is important as the customer is not always capable of judging the quality of provided services. Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988) also maintain that quality of service should primarily be perceived through a customer-centric model. According to the SERVQUAL definit
Introduction The number of young immigrants in the U.S. has been on the increase over the years. Many of the immigrants are fresh from abroad or they are born to immigrants in the U.S. Immigrants are faced with many challenges, one of them being language barrier. Moreover, the problems experienced by young immigrants are more in comparison to those faced by immigrants born of parents who migrated recently to the U.S. The problems increase significantly in cases of young immigrants. It becomes harder for immigrants to easily adapt to new environments. Support groups should be established by educational institutions, like universities, to help the immigrants cope with their new environment. Many immigrants within educational institutions have the advantage of meeting many new people and interacting with people from different cultures. Establishing support groups during this time is important as it becomes effective and caters for all young immigrants within the educational institution as a whole (Brown, 2010). Thus, formulating a policy that establishes support groups within the educational systems of higher learning would be an important strategy to help immigrants adapt to their new environment. It is important for immigrants to be provided with opportunities that make it easier for them to adapt. One such opportunity would be establishing a requirement that all new immigrants within an education institution should live on-campus. This encourages social interaction amongst the new immigrants and native students. Many new immigrants go through educational institutions. Thus, a large number of them can be reached through this initiative. It is also a cheaper alternative because other students can be vital in assisting new immigrants to cope with the new environment by providing social support mechanisms (Bauder, 2012). Immigrants are easily stressed due to cultural differences and unfamiliar societal practices. Many of them become scared, and they can question their role within society. It is a fact that many of the immigrants are nostalgic and have high expectations before they move into new countries. The problems are worse for younger immigrants because many of them do not have close family members in the U.S.. Thus they lack family support when they experience problems. Academic challenges New immigrants are faced with various academic challenges. This usually arises from the use of a different educational system in the U.S. in comparison to the education system in their home countries. Thus, many immigrants are forced to do standardization tests to reach educational levels required in the U.S. educational system before they are given an opportunity to study in any U.S. university. Thus, the policy ensures that students have a basic idea of the educational system within the U.S. Moreover, standardization tests give the educational institution an option to check an individual’s academic abilities. Academic institutions are also run using different strategies applied by tutors during the course of t
Food is broken down in our bodies through the digestive process. Food is composed of various chemical compositions in different compositions. This include; carbohydrates, protein, vitamin, fat, and many more. The chemical composition of a certain type of food can be investigated through the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory website. For my research, I selected 75 grams of fast foods, potato, baked and topped with cheese sauce. This portion of food contains 3.75g of protein; the total lipid (fat) is 7.28g, 1.29g Ash and a high carbohydrates content of 11.78g. One major reason why we take food is to gain energy to carry our duties on daily basis. Energy is the product of food in the body. When one consumes 75g of the fast foods, potato, baked and topped with cheese sauce, the resulting energy is 120 kcal. Minerals and vitamins are also present in different compositions. The most common minerals include; Phosphorous, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, as well as Selenium. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin A and folate are the major vitamins in this type of food. Other nutrients are the lipids (both saturated and unsaturated fat) as well as 4mg of cholesterol. In addition, the amino acids present include; trytophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, Lysine, and many more. Water is essential in our lives and its composition is analyzed as 49.31g. For instance, it forms most of the blood and lymph systems which carry food and oxygen to the cells and helps in excretion of the waste materials from the body. The major food content in our food is carbohydrates. For the human body, carbohydrates function as an energy source. Carbohydrates are composed of three organic molecules namely; carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The main composition of the three elements are C x (H 2 O) y , where x and y are whole numbers and refer to certain carbohydrates. For a healthy diet, fast foods, potato, baked and topped with cheese sauce should not be recommended. This is because the content of fat is high with traces of cholesterol.