ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Since many new infectious diseases are very dangerous, often fatal, and fraught with epidemics, the problem of combating them and other global severe issues is becoming a priority at the international and national levels (Brencic et al. 2017). Humanity is currently faced with a pandemic of the COVID-19 coronavirus, which has engulfed almost all world countries. Thus, this study aims to determine and analyze how global health can prevent the virus’s development through experience. This systematic review addresses the research question of the preparedness degree and responses of medical institutions worldwide. Research considers the infectious diseases issues and drawbacks, the outbreak of new coronavirus – COVID-19, and public health emergency response. The results of the paper aim to reveal the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and main tasks that need to be addressed, including addressing the issue of combating viruses of various natures and the COVID-19. Among global problems, there is the threat of the emergence of new infectious diseases and their epidemics, which can be catastrophic for the entire human race. However, it assumed the possibility of new infections du
Introduction Didi Chuxing (Didi) is the largest online service of private passenger transportation in China – the number of its users exceeds 450 million people in more than 400 cities of the country. Approximately 25 million trips are performed by the company’s drivers per day. The identified company was repeatedly criticized for the lack of concern for the safety of customers. For example, the service does not screen those drivers who have a criminal record. This paper will discuss two recent issues when customers were killed by Didi’s drivers and the way the company responded to them in the media. Analyzing Communications Regarding the Critical Issue In order to understand how Didi communicates in the media, it is essential to identify the target crisis. In May, 2015, a 21-year-old stewardess of Lucky Air was killed by the Didi taxi driver when she returned from the airport after her shift was over (Dai 2018a). According to the investigation, there were more than 20 wounds on her body, and the girl was sexually assaulted. The second resonant murder occurred in August, when a 20-year-old girl used Hitch, the online taxi service application (Dai 2018b). After a while, the frightened girl sent a message “save” and no longer contacted. Police managed to catch a 27-year-old driver who confessed to the rape and murder of the girl. The mentioned incidents provoked a flurry of criticism from the public in relation to Didi, which calls for punishing the company for murders committed by the drivers of the service. The largest online taxi service in China, Didi, announced that since August 27, it has suspended the service DiDi Hitch across the country (Dai 2018a). In connection with the incident, Didi wants to inform the public that it is removing this service, as the taxi service statement states (Dai 2018a). While providing such a statement, the company publicly apologizes and promises to initiate the measures to significantly improve security and safety measures. This sincere statement shows Didi’s commitment to its customers and services. Instead of suppressing the public’s panic or redirecting people’s attention to some other service or news, Didi strives to ensure that further taxi trips would be safer. Determining Public Relations Functions When a crisis occurs unexpectedly, there is often no time for the identification of all people who need to be informed, what happened, how it happened, and what will be done. In this situation, the main role is played by PR managers (Neville & Menguc 2006). Pressure from the interested parties can strengthen the crisis and destroy the reputation of the organization, while it depends on how well the organization meets the expectations of different audiences during the crisis (Frandsen & Johansen 2016). Therefore, it is recommended to carefully distinguish between actual and potential interest groups. The relationships between the mentioned stakeholders and Didi seem to be rather tense since the former believe that such inc
Introduction Since the 9/11 attacks, America has increasingly become sensitive to racial and religious differences (Lansford 78). Particularly, racial profiling has dominated how law enforcement officers manage terrorism threats. Public perceptions of different religious groups have also changed as more people have become hateful and biased towards certain religious groups (Lansford 78). This paper claims that after the 9/11 attacks, Americans became increasingly biased towards Muslims and minorities from South Asia. Despite the illegality of racial profiling, this paper argues that Asian minorities continue to be victims of hate crime and racial profiling because of their religious affiliation, dressing, and culture. Religious Profiling Some sections of the American society have targeted South Asian minorities as potential terrorist suspects because of their religious affiliation. For example, some Americans have alienated Muslim women because of their dressing. Particularly Tarlo (103) says the society has alienated Muslim women because they wear the Jilbab (a long garment) and the Niqab (a veil covering the face). While this dressing is normal for Muslim women, after 9/11, Islamic dressing has portrayed Muslims as potential “enemies” or “threats” to security (Tarlo 103). Symbolically, western media have used the Jilbab and the Niqab to explain how Muslims are different from other people. Notably, the media have used Islamic dressing to portray how the “enemy” looks like. Unfortunately, this representation does not have any significance to the characters or the motives of the people who wear them. Tarlo (103) says the use of Islamic dressing to portray Muslims as “alien,” or the “enemy,” creates a narrow perception of the faith and its followers. Notably, this representation conveys the belief that all Muslims are the same. Therefore, it is difficult to see the difference between ordinary Muslims and “enemies” who profess the same faith. This representation has played a significant role in creating animosity and hostilities towards South Asians (Women of South Asian Descent Collective 352). This representation has also created public intolerance for Islamic diversity in the society. For example, Tarlo (104) explains an incident where a British school denied a 13-year old Bengali girl the right to wear her Jilbab . The family of the young girl protested this decision and went to court to seek redress. They claimed the school denied the girl the right to express her religious views (Tarlo 104). The court ruled that the girl could wear the Jilbab (Tarlo 104). This decision was controversial because the school refused to accept it. Nonetheless, without delving further into the details of this case, it is crucial to understand the intolerance that exists within western society regarding Islamic practices in a post-9/11 world. For example, the main concern for the school was the symbolic association of the Jilbab with Islamic radical groups. This perception exists in most western societies because, albeit symbolically, people have associated I
Introduction Background information about the agency, mission, goals, objectives, departments and strategic plan Oklahoma City originated from a Land Run that occurred in 1889. It is the largest city in the state of Oklahoma. As of 2010 census, it had a huge population amounting to approximately 580,000. It has one of the largest livestock, oil, and gas markets in the world. The main aims of addressing budgetary needs are to improve the quality of the educational institutions and to build a better and highly skilled workforce. Such moves are essential in ensuring that the city maintains impressive growth in the future. The city has various agencies which have diversified missions. For example, the Alcoholic Beverage Laws Enforcement Commission (ABLE) has the responsibility to safeguard the public’s well being and awareness by implementing rules and regulations relating to alcoholic drinks and other harmful drugs. The mission of the Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (ODAFF) is to increase the agricultural products’ value and to improve the city residents’ value. Last but not least, the mission of the Arts Council department is to lead, create, and support a prosperous arts environment that offers quality life and economic growth ( History of Oklahoma City , 2013). The goals and objectives of Oklahoma City are also determined by the goals of the various agencies that form part of the city’s budget. For example, ABLE’s goals are to control and implement Oklahoma’s laws relating to liquor. This is done to observe and enhance public safety. It also enforces tobacco compliance rules. ODAFF’s goals and objectives are to ensure consumers have access to safe and quality agricultural products. The agency also aims at protecting and conserving the city’s agricultural and natural resources. It also ensures the efficient and effective delivery of agricultural services by employing well knowledgeable employees. The goals and objectives of the Arts Council Agency are to provide public policy development and to retain the city’s creative workforce. By so doing, the agency creates self-employment and self proprietorship businesses, which become future revenue sources (Fallin, 2013). There are various departments within Oklahoma City’s budget. They include:   * Oklahom
All corporate leaders are faced with a unique set of ethical demands, which they must fulfill. The same case applies to managers who work in a hospital environment. Such leaders must express their moral duty in everything they do and must create an ethical institution. This paper will assess a case study and discuss all ethical dilemmas faced by the hospitals leader and the appropriate way of resolve the situation. Internal and external stakeholders Managers and executives are very important in an organization. As decision-makers, managers must understand that their actions and decisions affect and influence all stakeholders (Prentice and Bredeson, 2010). In the case study, Dr. DoRight will face on daily-to-daily basis include shareholders, managers, and staff members (doctors and nurses). On the other hand, external stakeholders in a hospital setting whom Dr. DoRight is likely to face on daily basis include clients/patients, community members (community organizations), and board of trustees among others. Potential conflicts of interest Without doubt, there are many issues being experienced at the Universal Human Care Hospital. To begin with, patients are dying out of what has been mentioned as negligence and illegal procedures by nurses and doctors. On the other hand, even when Dr. DoRight reports these matters to the Regional Director Compliance Manager and Executive Committee, they only keep the matter pending promising to investigate and provide recommendations. Two years down, it appears that the situation has not changed and patients are still dying. It is quite clear that nothing has been done to address the situation. There is potential conflict of interest in this case study. The carelessness and illegal practice by medical practitioners in this particular hospital is not only irresponsible behavior, but it also compromises principles and work ethics. The conflict of interest comes in that the clients/patients need to be provided with quality services and come to the hospitals seeking attention of doctor and nurses. However, the staff members are careless and do not provide quality services. Consequently, patients continue to die out of this ignorance. On the other hand, even after the CEO (Dr.DoRight) reports what is happening to the Re
Abstract This work is an overview of the outsourcing call centers in India. The work has covered different areas related to the outsourcing business. It has covered the advantages and the disadvantages of practicing the business. Also it covers the effect of the business on the economy. The effects by different factors have also been discussed. “Outsourcing call centers in India” In India, the call outsourcing business has become well know. This is because the business operators in this country are after earning profit. They do so by cutting down their expenses. Also, their services are of high quality to enable them to be more competitive. This type of business is taken as one of the wisest decision one can make. In addition, it is also taken as the best business option. Outsourcing services in India are affordable. Also, the services offer high quality work. In addition, there is maximum utilization of time and the available resources (MoneyBlueBook, 2011). India has a time zone advantage in this business. India is 12 hour ahead in the time zone compared to America. This enables the two countries to work together. In addition when Americans operate from India, it is cheap. The reason is that they are able to get cheap labor as compared to their country. American organizations that offer outsourcing services don’t take chances in setting their business in India. This is due to the above mentioned factors (The Christian Science Monitor, Nd). I
Abstract The given paper revolves around the issue of organizational behavior and its importance for the functioning of a company. The work suggests a certain vision of the given issue and investigates perspectives which exist in society and are suggested by various scientists. That is why, the review of the latest sources devoted to the question of the organizational behavior and its impact on a company and its workers is performed. Moreover, the given literature review helps to cogitate about such aspects of the peoples work as motivation, performance and job satisfaction. In the course of the paper various organizational theories are considered in terms of these very notions. In order to support the given research with the clear evidence the functioning of the Emirates National Oil Company (ENOC) is taken as the background for the research. The attitude of managers and employees is taken into account and analyzed in order to demonstrate the relations with the main concepts of the organizational behavior. Finally, at the end of the work conclusions are made and recommendations are given. Introduction to the paper The modern age could be characterized by the great attention given to a human being and conditions of his/her functioning. Having proclaimed humanism and tolerance to be the main values of the new era, society tries to develop the scientific basis in order to support this statement and help people realize the main aspects and peculiarities of their functioning. That is why, the aspects of human life, which have the great impact on a person and determine his/her well-being, are given a great deal of attention and studied from various perspectives. The sphere of work belongs to these very aspects. One realizes the fact that job is an integral part of the life of any person and his/her level of satisfaction with it determines the role a person could play in society. The importance of this sphere is also accepted by various companies which performance is in the direct relationship with the workers satisfaction. Due to this fact, the issue of the organizational behavior is studied by many scientists as it considers all important aspects of the functioning of a person and organization. Literature Review Speaking about the organizational culture, it is important to take into account the background of the development of the question and perspectives on it which exist in society nowadays. Thus, traditional science takes organizational behavior as the study of group and individual performance and activity in terms of the functioning of a company or organization ( Organizational Behavior , n.d). From the given definition one can realize the fact that the main goal of the given notion is to investigate and determine the main peculiarities of relations and cooperation between people within an organization. That is why, resting on the complexity of h
Summary of article The article talks about how web 3.0 is changing the internet. The article also gives description of how social revolution has come because of web 2.0 for internet. Web 2.0 gives those utilizing social media the ability to communicate instantly through web when networking with other like-minded people. The article describes this technology as internet’s second iteration. Fleischner goes on to add that the recent months have seen various rumors on the coming of worldwide web. In that regard, the author speaks of arrival of web 3.0, which, according to him, exists. He further gives specifications that could help identify web 3.0 as that which is capable of analyzing and defining user behavior and experience respectively. According to this article, web 3.0 focuses mainly on refining website browsers as well as quickening decision-making. This is expected to help cover for billions of pages that work through the websites with increasing internet use and e-commerce (Fleischner 1). Web 3.0 analyses various activities on web world. These activities comprise monitoring purchase history, sizes, and preferences, among other users’ behaviors. Moreover, it is flexible and collects real time data, allowing retailers to create exclusive profiles for their history of purchases. It also allows for personalized recommendations, which are based on actual information that is exclusive to each individual. At this point, the article raises concern over privacy of profile users, although he attributes better practices to using recommendation engine as well as retail recommender. In addition, the author emphasizes the fact that web 3.0’s ability to analyze customer behavior is more important than tracking as the former provides ability to relieve customers with unnecessary emails on products of less interest. This helps relieve the burden of unnecessary advertisements on both retailers and consumers. It then concludes by recommending its use by potential consumers and the author’s brief bibliography (Fleischner 1). Compare & contrast Comparison The article tries to compare web 2.0 and web. 3.0. In his description of the two, the author says that social media have utilized web 2.0 widely since its inception. He continues to describe it as a social revolution, which has led to its worldwide usage. The article speaks of existence of a new worldwide web application known as web 3.0, which is an improvement on web 2.0. In essence, the applications are the same, except for a few differences based on advancement of web 3.0 (Fleischner 1). These advancements include its ability to monitor, analyze and identify user activities. The articles provide information on current events in the internet world. Thro
Someone may say that Green Mile is a great movie that touches upon a number of problems such as inhumanity, the death penalty, lie and crime. At the same time, someone can notice that it is extremely hard to watch such complicated story. Both of them would be agreed on the one statement: Green Mile is a remarkable emotional story that cannot leave one without the emotional response. As for me, although I am not a big fan of such heavy movies, however, it is difficult to overestimate the depth of the events, feelings and motives of human behavior and significance of human life and mercy demonstrated in movie Green Mile . Movie Green Mile based on the story of Stephen King describes the complicated circumstances that may lead to the misunderstanding and tragic consequences. This story takes place in a time of the Great Depression when the pessimistic mood was the major characteristic of human life. The movie is a story of John Coffey, African-American who is accused of the murder of two girls and has to be punished by the death penalty. However, later it becomes obvious that John is not murder; moreover, he has the specific power to cure people and animals. Nevertheless, the process is started and John is ready to die being tired of the inhumanity. Comparing John Coffey with another prisoner named Wild Bill, it is easy to find the difference between two guys, although both of them should be punished, according to the judgment. At the end the audience sees that it is Bill who killed two girls. Why than this movie does not provide the fair end? Here is an interesting fact: the initials of the protagonist are J. C. as Jesus Christ. I suppose that the author of this story wanted to emphasize the unjust treatment with the main hero who was not guilty in a crime but was punished as it happened with Jesus Christ. It is possible to claim that Green Mile contains a statement against the death penalty as a way of punishment. Somebody can be killed even if he/she is not guilty of the crime, but it is impossible to prove. Moreover, the episode with penalty provides the awful demonstration of such event. Obviously, it is difficult to see the picture of an agonizing death on the electric chair. The author of the story as well as the director of the movie does not say directly about the abrogation of the death penalt
The main emphases of the foreign policy of the United States from World War 2 to the present day have been the containment of the Soviet Union and its allies, military domination, expansion of economy, the War on Terror, and overall stability. The paper is focused on the foreign policy during the Cold War, and basic peculiarities of American foreign policy of the end of the XX – the beginning of XXI century. The origins of Cold War are preceded from the World War 2; tense rivalry between America and Russia became more evident. In contrast to the Soviet Union, America’s policy was oriented not only to the military domination, but to the economic expansion, as well. The collapse of the USSR outlined a new era in the foreign policy of the United States, connected with terrorism and peaceful Obama’s strategy. During the World War 2, the U.S. and the Soviet Union were the allies, but there were some signs of tense relationships between them. According to Brinkley (2009), the nature of such global phenomenon, as Cold War, is in tension between the Soviet Union and U.S., expressed in military rivalry: “The Cold War was a profound event in the history of the twentieth century and, like World War II, reshaped the world order in important ways. The intense rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union – and between democratic capitalism and communism – divided much of the world into two not-quite-warring camps” (Brinkley, 757). Thus, the nature of Cold War predestined the rivalry of the both super-countries in the world arena. What are the origins? Most historians believe that “both the United states and the soviet union contributed to the atmosphere of hostility and suspicion that quickly clouded the peace” (Brinkley, 758). As Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin had different visions of the postwar picture, the sources of Soviet-American tension should be found in Atlantic charter of 1941. After the war, in 1945, these politicians signed the agreement on the Yalta Conference. Nevertheless, the visions of the Soviet Union and those of Anglo-American were different: “…the Soviet Union moved systematically to establish pro-communist governments in one Central or Eastern European nation after another” (Brinkley, 759). Thus, the global struggle of America and Russia was inevitable. The failure of Potsdam agreement led to the tenser situation: as the Soviet Union fortified its positions, the U.S. claimed their containment doctrine, directed against the Soviet Union. The adopted Marshall Plan was beneficial for the United States: “An integral part of the containment policy was a proposal to aid in the economic reconstruction of Western Europe. There were many motives: humanitarian concern for the European people; a fear that Europe would remain an economic drain on the United States if it could not quickly rebuild and begin to feed itself; a desire for a s