ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Franchise agreement is a contract signed by the Franchise and Franchiser that formalizes and specifies the terms of business arrangements. Advantages of Franchise Agreement   * The franchisee can benefit from the franchiser experience and he can be saved from the cost of bulk purchasing and effective advertisement as well as promotion of business.   * It is easy to start the business because the Franchiser offers the Franchisee the advantage of starting up anew business quickly based on a proven trademark and formula of doing business. For example a well run franchise would offer services such as site selection lease negotiation, training and ongoing support.   * It enables the franchisee to expand his business easily, that is, he can take the business to a level that would not have been without the expert guidance of the franchiser.   * The franchisee is offered training which would not be available to free individuals starting their own business.   * The Franchiser markets and advertises the franchisee goods.   * There is lower risk of failure than for an entrepreneur business because the Franchisee is offering services or products that already sell successfully.   * The Franchisee can be able to predict success from the already operating Franchisees under that Franchiser.   * The Franchiser may also offer management assistance to the Franchisee.   * It is possible to acquire low cost goods and supplies because of the superior purchasing power of the Franchiser.   * The business is based on a proven idea. The Franchisee can check where other successful Franchisees are before committing himself.   * The Franchisee has exclusive rights in his territory i.e. the Franchiser cannot sell other Franchisees goods in his region.   * It’s easier to acquire financial assistance because banks and financial institutions are likely to lend money to buy a Franchiser with a good reputation. Disadvantages of a Franchise Agreement   * The Franchisee looses the control of the business whereby they are supposed to follow the system and get approval for changes from the Franchiser.   * There is no true ownership of the business i.e. its like renting or leasing.   * It is expensive to start and operate a Franchise business where the Franchisee has to choose and adopt the standards set by the Franchiser. The Franchisee should also pay a fee, ongoing royalties and advertising contribution.   * There can arise conflict between the Franchiser and Franchisee i.e. if either side is incompetent. For example where the Franchisee is incompetent he may damage the goodwill of the Franchiser.   * There may be a risk of the Franchiser failing to maintain a high quality of continued support to the Franchisee. He may also make policies that may be of negative impact to Franchisee.   * The Franchisee Agreement has restrictions on how to run the business this implies that the Franchisee may not be able to make changes to suit his local market.   * The Franchisee may only sell his Franchise to someone approved by the Franchi
Introduction The Cold War was the defining conflict after the end of World War Two. Although it rarely resulted in traditional warfare, it had a tremendous effect on almost every part of western and eastern societies, from culture to technology. To fully understand it, research into its origins is required. The Origins of Mistrust One of the defining aspects of the Cold War is the feeling paranoia experienced by all sides of the conflict. These feelings were not always without merit, and have origins in events preceding the Second World War. The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 led by Vladimir Lenin and his political ideology based on the works of Karl Marx presented a strictly anti-capitalist perspective that was seen as a threat to the countries of Europe and other capitalist countries (Smith 11). Bolsheviks were not unanimously accepted in the country either as their methods did not agree with other leftist organizations as well as the people who still supported the monarchy. These opposing forces would unite into the “White Army” which would plunge the country into a civil war (Foglesong 294). This war lasted from 1917-1922 and had taken the lives of millions. After the Revolution, Bolsheviks withdrew from the First World War leaving the allied nations worried about Germany taking over key locations that were previously protected by Russia (Foglesong 232). This has led to an Allied intervention into the Russian civil war that continued even after the First World War ended. The Allies have supported the White Army with supplies, armaments, and troops, but due to a variety of issues, had to withdraw in 1920, with Japanese troops staying in some Russian provinces until 1925. The Red Army emerged victorious in the civil war with new knowledge that the Western leaders have no interest in cooperation. This mindset would later fuel Stalin’s propaganda machine creating a perception of a massive international conspiracy to undermine the advances of the newly formed Soviet Union. His policies of collectivization and five-year plans would lead to millions of civilian deaths, unjust punishments without trials, and the creation of a complete police state where no one could oppose him. By creating a sense of constant opposition from the West, Stalin was able to instill a very strong “Us vs. Them” mentality among the people who made his words seem like absolute truth and the words of his critics as the words of traitors (Barghoorn 13). Those who did not agree would disappear with the use of secret police. His authority was great enough to be able to get rid of even the members of his government and closest colleagues. Their names and actions would later be erased from documents, and their photos would be altered to discredit their previous achievements and associations (Duprat-Kushtanina 23). Paranoia and blind belief in Stalin’s authority would become the driving forces behind the next decades of the Soviet regime. A similar paranoia grew in the United States. A fear of leftist organizations was present in the United States even before the Bolshevik Revolution, bu
Healthcare is a field that is constantly improving and changing due to new demands, technology, and opportunities to address the general population’s health effectively. During the last decade, technology has become a revolutionary tool that influenced multiple fields, and medicine is one of them. One of the implementations that happened due to new technological advancements in telemedicine. Telemedicine refers to health services that are distributed through electronic technologies. Some include diagnostics, monitoring patients, medical advice, and other health-related procedures. However, telemedicine is not necessarily the practice where communication occurs between a physician and a patient. Medical professionals use it to share data and information, consult each other, and improve their knowledge by learning new information remotely. Telemedicine became even more significant during the COVID-19 outbreak. According to researchers, this medical field has mitigated some of the effects of the pandemic by minimizing virus transmission (Calton et al., 2020). Patients could contact their doctors without going to the hospital, which positively affected the rate of infected individuals. Moreover, physicians could assist many people without being at risk for contamination. Since multiple medical professionals could not work due to testing positive, telemedicine was an excellent tool to protect physicians. As technology becomes more significant in healthcare, telemedicine will continue improving. Researchers point out that more than 15% of physicians encounter this concept in their practices (Dorsey & Topol, 2020). The number will rise even higher since experts realize not all health issues require in-person visits to the doctor. Telemedicine is not only safe but also a comfortable alternative that both patients and doctors prefer in many cases.
Emirates Telecommunications Corporation, popularly known as Etisalat, is an international telecommunication service provider company based in United Arab Emirates. It is currently rated among the largest mobile network operators in the world and the most powerful company in the United Arab Emirates. It offers a number of services under Telecommunication field in various countries. The company majorly draws its success from proper and apt implementation of organizational policies and culture. Etisalat is a multinational company, thus it is paused with a challenge of managing each of the various affiliate companies within varied geographical locations and subsequently managing policy implementation in each of the companies to meet the overall vision and mission of Etisalat. Etisalat has successfully managed to incorporate Matrix organizational structure within its managerial arms which is a merge of divisional and functional structures. The matrix organizational structure allows for monitoring and supervision of each division of the large company at the same time keeping watch on each functional portion within the various divisions. This project singles out the several strategies employed by the company to ensure achievement of its core policies, as well as issues emanating from the same. It touches on the ethical aspects accruing from the same implementation process. The project also explains the stakeholders of Etisalat Company and gives incidences of ethical involvements of the company. As mentioned earlier, Etisalat Company applies divisional organizational structure and being a multinational company, Etisalat has many affiliate branches spread over various countries, both in Africa and the Middle East. The company offers a wide variety of services including voice carrier services and data services. Besides, the company also offers telecommunication training and consultancy services, manufacture of smart cards and SIM cards as well as laying of submarine cables only to mention but a few. As such, the company is comprised of separate organizations within its umbrella that specifically deals with each of the separate products within the company’s line of production. The location of these divisions is majorly influenced by the demand of the offered commodity. Each of this division’s employees is answerable to the central management (Pugh 1990). Although in different geographic locations, all the employees work towards the common goal. In this case, the central management has the responsibility of monitoring all these divisions. The divisional organizational structure is employed here for effective management. Under this s
Introduction The text in question provides important insights into the history of Puerto Rico from the prehistoric times until the end of the nineteenth century. The author dwells upon such areas as politics, economy, and even lifestyles. Monge provides specific dates and numbers that make the text informative and plausible. It is also necessary to note that the author’s writing is not overwhelmed with pure facts and numbers. The author tells an interesting story with a variety of examples. The text in question is aimed at a wide audience as it is understandable and interesting. The text can be divided into such major parts as: international relationships, politics and demographics, economy and lifestyles. The author tells the story of Puerto Rico with the help of these parts. Demographics The part concerning international relationships starts with a short account of the first settlers. Notably, the author mentions that the first wave of Amerindians peopled the area as far back as 2300 BC (Monge 5). This information is quite significant as the reader understands that the area had been populated before Spaniards came there and invaded the New World. The author also enumerates the ethnic groups that inhabited the area. The author notes that Indians were the most manifold group in the 17 th century, though this changed in the eighteenth century. The author provides specific numbers to show the extent to which demographics changed. It is also mentioned that population density was different in different regions. International Relationships The author pays a lot of attention to the role the area played on the international arena. Thus, Puerto Rico was a colonial state for about three centuries. The author stresses that most of time the state was under Spanish rule. The author also pays a lot of attention to the relationships between the Empire and the colony. This information is very important as it helps understand why Spanish influence is so strong. At the same time, the author mentions that the state was conquered by such strong powers as Great Britain and France. Notably, it is important to remember about those changes which resulted in high demographic diversity in the region. The author mentions that the rule of different countries also had significant impact on the political and economic life of the country. Noteworthy, the author provides a brief analysis of the nature of Spanish rule. The author notes that there was no proper administrative power in Puerto Rico. Landowners and rich Spaniards ruled in the towns. It was not until the 19 th century when people of Puerto Rico managed to obtain their constitution. The author pays a lot of attention to the political life in the country and this helps the reader understand how political views were developing in the country. Economy Monge notes that Puerto Rico was “a garrison, or presidio, standing over other Spanish possessions in the area” (6). Remarkably, the author notes that the country’s position did not positively affect development of its economy as it was under
Introduction Environmental conservation is one of the main issues affecting the modern global society. Environmental scientists have warned against global warming and other serious consequences of environmental conservation. According to Liu et al. (2018), one of the major areas of concern in environmental conservation is the massive generation of electronic wastes. The growing popularity of mobile phones, television sets, computers, and other electronic products means that a significant amount of these wastes is produced every year. One of the countries that produce a massive amount of electronic wastes in China. Unlike the biodegradable wastes, components of electronic wastes such as plastic wastes and metals may have lasting environmental consequences. As Namias (2013) observes, it is expected that China will continue producing more electronic wastes within the coming years. It is important to find ways of managing these wastes responsibly. Aim and Objectives The primary aim of this project is to investigate the current electronic waste management practices in China and propose effective approaches that the country can embrace to deal with the problem. The study will propose ways in which the country can deal with the issue of the ever-increasing generation of this form of waste. The following are the objectives that had to be achieved by the end of the study.   * To identify current electronic waste management practices in China;   * To determine weaknesses in the current waste management practices in China;   * To propose environmentally responsible ways that the country can embrace to deal with the problem of electronic waste generation. Demographics The amount of waste that a country generates, as Williams (2016) observes, directly relates to the size of its population. It is estimated that the current population of China is over 1.4 billion people, which accounts for one-fifth of the world’s total population (Williams 2016). The majority of the population (over 90%) are the Han ethnic group. The Zhuang forms a significant minority (7.13%). Other ethnic groups account for about 1% of the entire population of the country (Khan & Chang 2018). Figure 1 below summarises the ethnic composition of the Chinese population. Fig. 1. Chinese ethnic composition (Anttila & Boffetta 2014, p. 78). Problem Identification Recent scientific studies show that the earth may not withstand the massive pollution that has been going on for the last several decades shortly. The impact of environmental degradation is already being experienced in various parts of the world. The frequent cyclones in Asia, disastrous wildfires in North America and Europe, and prolonged drought in African are indications that the pressure exerted on nature by various pollutants is too great to bear. One
Brief Introduction and Problem Statement Huawei is a Chinese company that has a long history of working with telecom equipment and, later, smartphones, laptops, and other portable technology. From its launch in 1987 to the present day, the main focus of Huawei has been innovation – the research and development (R&D) department in the organization received the majority of funding and attention (Ofek et al. 2018). Previous efforts of Huawei to penetrate first the telecom then the smartphone market, led it to become one of the global leaders in both segments. Currently, Huawei is consistently placed in the “big three” of leading vendors in the smartphone market, along with Samsung, a Korean brand, and Apple, an American company (Ofek et al. 2018). While the competition among these brands changes their positions from one year to another, Huawei has cemented its place as a major player in the segment of handheld devices. Nonetheless, the future of Huawei’s sales in some markets remains to be uncertain. As Ofek et al. (2018) find, the strained relationship between China and the United States greatly impacted the ability of Huawei to penetrate the American market. While the sales of Huawei increase globally, its presence in the US is minuscule in comparison. The most recent events further challenge Huawei in developing a new plan for marketing globally and in the US. According to the latest news, the place of Huawei in the Western country is under serious legal threat which also affects the brand’s image and poses some severe challenges for further marketing. This report focuses on Huawei’s opportunities in the US and global smartphone and telecom markets. It pays specific attention to the strategies of penetrating the American segment and determining whether such actions are necessary to keep the company profitable. In order to understand which actions can Huawei take, the report will contain analyses of various external and internal factors influencing Huawei and the smartphone market. Analysis Environmental Analysis The PESTLE analysis is performed to see which factors smartphone developing companies have to consider when entering or functioning in specific markets. As Huawei currently faces the challenge of working in the US, the policies and preferences of this particular country will be highlighted. Other nations may be affected by Huawei’s progress In the US as well, thus prompting one’s investigation to focus on North America before moving onto the global market. Political The conflict between China and the US is not new, thus pointing to Huawei’s long struggle for acceptance in the Western state. According to Ofek et al. (2018), Huawei encountered its first problems to enter the American market in 2008 when the Chinese company was trying to acquire 3Com. The US Committee on Foreign Investment prevented this deal from happening, starting a continuous battle between the American government and the Chin
There is a number of theoretical perspectives aimed at explaining what stands behind rape, that is, how rape is reinforced by, why it is more widespread in specific concepts, and what a rapist’s motivations for committing it might be. When it comes to the feminist perspectives, there is not a common particular one in regard to rape, but some views on it are more or less supported extensively among feminists. For one, gender is viewed as a social construct which negatively contributes to the structure of patriarchal social institutions and relations. These, upholding the privileged position of men, are intrinsically related to rape which is considered to be a control mechanism. It is deemed a manifestation of power using sex as an instrument – thus, according to feminists, the sexual aspect of rape is subsidiary to the power dynamics that take place. Feminist perspectives introduce the concept of rape culture, which is essentially a cultural declaration of male aggression being normal and acceptable everywhere, including sexual relations. Regarded feminists such as Catherine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin therefore see no distinction between sex and rape under patriarchy as male dominance is foundational in both occurrences. Women’s wants and desires are viewed as problematic due to their heterosexuality being compulsory under such circumstances. However, these views are often repelled by others while being called male bashing. What rape culture also facilitates is the objectification of women. As a result of that, women’s identity is only present in the manner defined by men. Pornography, according to the feminist perspectives, plays a major role in that due to both sex and violence being combined there in a way that normalizes that. Robin Morgan in 1974 even claimed that if pornography is the theory, than rape is the practice. Though it is also not supported by everyone, the association of pornography with rape is a frequent phenomenon in many feminist writings.
Abstract People in different stages of development have diverse physical, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral experiences that act as risk factors for depression. Therefore, any policy for dealing with depression requires one to consider the risks for particular groups. Depressants may change with time. Consistent with this concern, this paper proposes research on depression in teenagers with the objective of determining whether young adults suffer from higher rates of depression now than they did 10 or 20 years ago. Such research is critical in helping to set the necessary policy directions for managing depression among young adults by putting in place appropriate changes in the current programs in a manner that they can meet the emerging challenges. Despite the lack of sufficient data on the variation of depression among young adults over the last 10 to 20 years in the US, from the literature review, the research identifies an increasing trend of adolescent depression. The issue of fewer adolescents accessing treatment after a positive diagnosis for the disorder explains this variation. It suggests that if risk factors such as familial, physical, and psychological elements for adolescent depression are modified, severe consequences of depression, including young adults’ suicide, may be reduced significantly. Background Depression among young adults constitutes a serious health challenge. Bennet (2014) reckons that nearly 6.7% (14.8 million) of all United States adults suffer from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A survey conducted in 2012 by Harris Interactive on behalf of the American Psychological Association showed that millennials (18-33 years) are more likely to suffer from depression when compared to other age groups. The survey indicated that 19% of millennials are likely to be informed by their doctors that they have depression or an anxiety disorder compared to 14% for the case of individuals whose age lie between 34-47 years, 12% for 48-66-year-olds, and 11% for 67- year-olds, and above (Bennet 2014). Irrespective of its causes, the condition needs medical attention due to its negative effects on the psychological health of an individual including suicidal ideation among young adults. Introduction Many social work scholars contend that the majority of young people who are put under their care have psychological challenges that are associated with depression. For instance, Bennet (2014) asserts that depression encompasses one of the key reasons why young adults go for treatments. Depression is also a risk factor that makes adolescents resort to drug abuse and excessive consumption of alcohol as perceived mechanisms for enabling them to manage the stress that is associated with experiences such as family conflicts. Therefore, managing depression among young adults or teenagers implies that it is also possi