ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An esoteric examination of the statement “Judged in light of their essence and idea, men and things exist as other than they are; consequently thought contradicts that which is (given), opposes its truth to that of the given reality” reveals Marcuse’s notion that rationality produces the dualisms between subject and object, individual and community, reason and instinct, society and nature. The notion of dualisms is ever-present throughout Marcuse’s works. To truly conceptualize the philosophical implications of this statement, it is prudent that we begin with an operational definition of existence and expound on the contradictory nature of existence and essence. This definition goes beyond One Dimensional Man and is most concretely addressed in Negations: Essays in Critical Theory. In the chapter entitled “The concept of essence”, Marcuse defines the philosophical construct of the essence as the abstraction and isolation of the one true form of existence from a multitude of changing appearances, and the subsequent transformation of this fragment into an object of authentic knowledge (Marcuse, 1968, 43-44). Essence is therefore the substitution of the part for the total, and the declaration that this partial alone, this presumed to be a timeless and eternal entity, exists as the whole. It is with Descartes that the concept of essence, first explicitly formulated in Plato’s theory of Ideas, enters for the first time the sphere of transcendental subjectivity. Descartes’ theory is anchored in the universally valid reality of the individual consciousness, the observation that the essence of all things lies in the freedom of the thinking individual, the ego cogito. The new autonomous ego is presented with the task that had been up to this point metaphysically hypostasized in the doctrine of the essence: “realizing the authentic potentialities of being based on the discovery that nature can be controlled.” (Marcuse, 1968, 47). Descartes’ philosophy attempts to provide the theoretical preconditions for the practical liberation of the individual subject, the freeing of this subject to such an extent as to allow him/her to enter the world and shape it consciously
Introduction The construction of a stadium should be done after carrying out cost-benefit analysis of subject of a project. This paper will discuss the cost-benefit of the Emirates Stadium that was estimated to cost £390 million and create over 1800 work places (Arsenal.com 1). Analyst had examined the impact of such a stadium on economic growth, job creation, increasing income tax revenues, growth of sports and other benefits. However, this will be done by relating to a comparison of the growth rates in other regions without a stadium like the Emirates. The presence of Arsenal football club has had significant impact upon the growth in per capita income on the neighborhood. New Emirates stadium The new look of the Emirates Stadium will cost £390 million thereby creating 1800 jobs and enabling the constructions of 2000 homes. The stadium will have direct employment of 1000 workers during the construction and after completion; it will have a capacity of 60,000 people. Costs benefit analysis The construction of the Emirates Stadium will have a great benefit in terms of revenue to the club and society. Quantifiable benefits of the stadium will depend on performance of the Arsenal club in the premier league. This analysis has assumed three scenarios, low attendance, medium attendance and high attendance. Each has been assigned probability of occurrence to enable scenario analysis. The excel file has details how the net present value has been arrived at. The data in the excel file concerning the stadium is beneficial because it has net present value of £1,396,617 Stage 1:                                                                                                                    Poor Scenario                Good Scenario            NPV                                £ 309,369                    £ 634,827                IRR                                38.9%                        54.9%                    MIRR                               26.1%                        32.8%                    Payback                            4.6                          4.1                      Disc payback                       5.3                          4.6                                                                                                               Expected values:                                                              NPV                                                             $537,189                                                                                                                                                                                                   Stage 2:                                                                                                                    High                         Medium         Low       NPV @ Yr 0                         £ 1,054,651                  £ 709,658      £ 639,317                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Expected NPV
The choice of a research method defines the further course of the study; therefore, it must be chosen with the account of the specifics of not only the study, but also the subject and, therefore, the type of data to be dealt with. In psychology, a range of information comes in its qualitative form; herein, the priority of qualitative research types for such studies as research on Alzheimer’s disease lies (Breckler, 2004). Among the most common methods, a longitudinal study, a quasi-experiment, and a survey may be named. Despite the seeming difference between the specified methods, each of them allows for an all-embracing analysis of the existing qualitative data. A scientific method is traditionally defined as a systematic process of inquiry (Feldman, 2013).In other words, this is a means of acquiring new knowledge and, most importantly, processing it to make the necessary research implications. As far as three different research methods are concerned, a quasi-experiment is the study that lacks its defining characteristics (Christens & Speer, 2011). As a rule, it is used to identify the impact of a particular phenomenon on the target population. A longitudinal study, in its turn, is the research that helps build an explanatory theory (Christens & Speer, 2011). Finally, a survey is traditionally defined as a method of data collection from the sample population with the help of an interview (Christens & Speer, 2011). Though the types of research methods mentioned above do presuppose entirely different research designs, each of them creates the premises for fast and efficient acquisition of the data, as well as a thorough and efficient analysis of the study information. The choice of a specific research method type hinges on the specifics of the study. However, each of the methods helps obtain a fruitful result. Reference List Breckler, S. J. (2004). Legitimate psychological science. American Psychological Association . Web. Christens, B. D. & Speer, P. W. (2011). Contextual influences on participation in community organizing: A multilevel longitudinal study. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47 (3-4), 253–263. Feldman, R. (2013). Essentials of understanding psychology . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Humanities.
Introduction The rhetorical triangle is used to analyze the attributes of a presentation in bringing out the intended message to the audience and consists of the ethos (presenter), logos (message) and pathos (audience). When analyzing a piece of media, it is imperative to know the person who authored the presentation and how he expresses himself trough such media (Writing Resources, para. 1). Besides, we need to know the message being passed, the intended audience and whether it delivers the desired impact on the audience (Burniske, 2008, pg. 13). For our analysis of presentations, we shall use two Toyota car advertisements. The Toyota ‘Bugger’ Advert This ad is authored by Toyota Motor Corporation and the main idea behind it is to show that the Toyota Hilux is more powerful than thought. We can see the farmer use it for various functions in the farm; he tries to straighten one post on his fence and the whole fence tumbles down. Next, he tries to tow a tractor and instead the front axle of the tractor comes off, he then tries to uproot a stump, instead, the stump flies above the car, destroying a chicken shed. He then attempts to pull a cow out of a trench but ends up hurting the cow, finally, he accelerates the car suddenly, causing his airborne dog to miss the vehicle and fall in mud, he also sprays his wife with mud (IMOTOR, 2008). The ethos in this presentation is Toyota Corp., logos is Toyota Hilux’ power while pathos is the potential buyer of this vehicle. In this advertisement, the author mainly concentrates on the message delivery, the author and audience are rarely referred to as Toyota wants the message to have its desired impact on the audience. Each aspect of the rhetorical triangle was successful in this presentation. Toyota RAV4 ‘Happy Together’ Advert This presentation shows a couple wake in bed in a happy mood, each goes through the morning chores when everything goes wrong. A hair dryer connected to the power supply is left in the shower, the cord holding the window is cut, a bowling ball drops from the closet, a flamethrower is fitted next to the cupboard and finally a trip wire at the stairs (Pati07, 2006). The main idea being communicated is that this couple is fighting over the control of the new car (RAV4) packed down the street, and this is the logos. The author is Toyota Corp. while the audience is the potential buyer, probably a single owner. While the advert succeeds at showing us the length that one can go in order to have control of the Toyota RAV4, it fails to give the reasons why one should own this specific car, therefore it scores low on the message. The presentation also lacks a target audience and generally targets anybody. Comparison Considering all aspects of the rhetorical triangle, the ‘Bugger’ advert is more effective as it convinces the audience to purchase the Toyota Hilux by giving him positive attributes of the vehicle. Besides, the target audience in the ‘Bugger’ advert is more definite than on the ‘Happy Together’, the latter targets anybody while the former targets people who need powerful vehicles for various purposes around the home and beyond. A
The United States of America is the largest consumer of oil in the world. Its total oil consumption accounts for a quarter of the world’s oil consumption (Zuckerman 323). Zuckerman further estimates that America consumes approximately twenty one million barrels of oil daily (323). Over the past few years, there has been a rise in the uses of energy in the United States. This can be attributed to the sudden upsurge in the demand for energy across the nation, both domestically and industrially. The main factor that has led to this is the continuous establishment of factories and industries at an alarming rate. The invention of a wide range of electrical gadgets has also led to an increased consumption of energy in American homes. This increase in the rate of energy consumption has necessitated the formulation of policies that will guarantee fuel efficiency in America for the next fifty years. This essay will look at some of these policies that the United States of America can adapt for the next fifty years in a bid to regulate energy consumption and attain energy conservation. The government and other non-governmental organizations should join hands in implementing policies that will aim at reducing the current high rate of energy waste in homes and companies. Currently, the United States of America spends a lot of revenue on importing oil. In fact, America only produces a mere third of the total oil it consumes. Energy conservation and efficiency policies will go a long way in allaying these costs. Al Gore (301) points out that the American economy is on the verge of collapsing if the country continues spending billions of dollars annually on oil imports. In his article “Stop the Energy Insanity,” Zuckerman explains why it is high time that America started exploiting its own oil reserves (324). This would be the first step towards the revitalizing of the fuel efficiency of America. America’s oil reserves are estimated to be about a hundred billion barrels. This large quantity of oil is enough to take the country for fifty years. The occurrence of these oil reserves is coupled with natural gas which is estimated to be about 420 trillion cubic feet. The natural gas can be used to replace over 1400 coal-powered
Introduction Currently Google is the most popular company in the internet business. This is attributable to its convenience as a search engine. In addition, in part, its popularity is as a result of its acquisition of YouTube. Through this acquisition, Google has been able to dominate the section of internet videos and completely stifle any pre-existing competition. Initially seen as a time bomb, the acquisition of YouTube has proved to be among the best deals that Google has ever entered into. This occurs because YouTube has been instrumental in cementing Google’s position as the leading search engine in the internet, not only in textual searches but also, and importantly so, in video searches (Cool, K. et al. 2010). YouTube’s Approach For a company whose initial offices have been in a garage, YouTube is doing exceptionally well 6 years down the line. Obviously this happens because it resulted out of the will or desire to solve an existing need that previously had no solution (YouTube, 2011). Its primary inceptors had trouble of sharing videos online personally and this pushed its creativity. The three (Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim) addressed a problem that was being experienced by the majority of Americans at that time and continued to provide even more options to solve the problem (Cool et al. 2010). Less than one calendar year later YouTube was ranked among the top most popular websites in the world and had indications of even growing further and faster. It quickly captured a 60% market share of all videos viewed online. Its impact in America was immense while it was this young. Americans viewed hundreds of millions of videos through it on a daily basis (Cool et al. 2010). Its widespread success is attributable to word of mouth style of marketing due to its unique nature of its services that more and more customers pour into its site day in day out. The fact that users could upload and share their videos was a new trend that kept customers glued to YouTube according to YouTube (2011). YouTube also had a wide range of products and services ranging from music videos, movie trailers, news clips to homemade videos. This in return provided options that were perceivably impossible initially. As a result, YouTube experienced widespread customer loyalty and attracted the attention of other major players in the industry. One year later, Google purchased YouTube for 1.65 billion dollars (Cool et al. 2010). Google Video Approach Google video started as a search for videos but it did not provide the real videos. It only provided information such as text snippets and still images plus other textual information. Later on, Google video began accepting user-generated videos. Initially it also concentrated on uploading TV shows, but the idea was later dropped to concentrate on user-generated videos. It trie
Project Description: Palliative Care for Adult Cancer Patients Cancer patients have to face a variety of health-related challenges regularly, pain being one of the key issues (Fonseca, Ramos, Lopes, Mendes, & Parreira, 2017). Therefore, efficient palliative care, particularly, the design of strategies aimed at reducing the painful experiences, is essential (Koller, Hasemann, Jaroslawski, Geest, & Becker, 2014). However, the current approach toward meeting the patients’ needs lacks efficacy due to the absence of focus on patient education and promotion of agency among the members of the target population (Shah & Abdi, 2017). Therefore, introducing the palliative care team that will provide patients with detailed guidelines about self-management and offer support is bound to have a powerful effect on the success of the palliative care (Hucker, Winter, & Chou, 2015). Determining the Type of the Statistical Analysis: Paired T-test Choosing the right framework for statistical analysis is crucial to the success of the overall research. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on the essential characteristics of the study to determine the appropriate statistical tools. Therefore, the fact that the key variables of the study will have to be compared needs to be brought up. Particularly, one must mention that the means of the research variables will need to be compared. Therefore, a paired t-test will have to be used to compare the outcomes of the application of the appropriate tools. As a result, the efficacy of the PM team’s work combined with the traditional approach to managing pain can be compared to the standard types of alleviating pain among cancer patients (Main & Ogaz, 2016). Project Timeline: Setting the Deadline and Crucial Milestones The timeline for the project will include the following essential stages: arranging the available resources and allocating expected costs; recruiting the participants; introducing the team of pain management experts to the study participants; gathering the data retrieved from the target group and the control group; conducting the analysis, and interpreting the results. Seeing that the project is going to be rather lengthy due to the need to help the target audience develop the required skills and manage pain successfully, it can be assumed that the project will require at least six months. The chart below shows the timeline for the study. Table 1. Project Timeline. Considering the Expenses: Financial Aspects of the Study Seeing that the project will require the services of expert nurses, one will have to expect a significant number of expenses. At present, the budget of the study estimates approximately $50,000. As the table below shows, it will be crucial to spend a large amount of money on communication since the connection between the participants, the nurses, and the authors of the study will have to be maintained and remain consistent. Table 2. Budget. Item            Description                                                                                                         Cost ($)  Number          Total ($) Staff Salary    The payment provided to a nurse every month
Abstract Nokia is one of the most famous brands in the world. Starting as a humble paper mill near a small town of Nokia in 1865, it is now a multi-billion enterprise famous for pioneering the mobile phone industry. Due to a series of poor decisions and the inability to perceive and adapt to the rising trend for smartphones, the company lost much of its market share and was forced to strike a deal with Microsoft. In 2017, Nokia planned to re-enter the smartphone industry with three new models. Its future in the global market remains unclear. Introduction Nokia is considered a pioneer of the mobile phone industry. From a small enterprise, it became a huge multinational company with billions of dollars in money, assets, and intellectual property. The company has been riding the wave of innovation from as far as the 1980s and came up with many iconic products that it is known for today. However, even such giants of the mobile industry are not immune to failure. Ever since the rise of smartphones in 2007, the company has been struggling to catch up with the demands of its customers and allowed other competitors to claim the market. The purpose of this paper is to review Nokia’s history, its rise to power, its fall from grace, challenges and issues it encountered along its path, and give an informed outlook on the company’s future. Brief History of Nokia Nokia was not always a multi-billion giant in the mobile industry. Its humble beginnings could be traced back to a small Finnish town of Nokia. In the year 1865, an entrepreneur named Fredrik Idestam built a paper mill there. The enterprise was successful, and three years later, he built a second mill. In 1871, Idestam transformed his company into a shareholding, thus giving birth to what we now know as Nokia (“The rise, dominance, and epic fall , ” 2015). The company kept growing, but its true rise came when it started investing in the development of electronic products, which happened in the 1960s. The industry was full of potential back then, as groundbreaking inventions and discoveries were yet to be made. Nokia’s first famous product was Mobira Oy – the first cellular telephone with an international network. It was released in the year 1979. At the beginning of the 80s, Nokia followed up with Mobira Senator – its first car phone, and Mobira Cityman, which grew in popularity after receiving approval from Mikhail Gorbachev. The device was heavy, clunky, and expensive, but it was considered cutting-edge technology at its time (“The rise, dominance, and epic fall , ” 2015). The golden age of Nokia came between the 1990s – 2000s. Its famous products, the 6110 and 5110 models, released in 1997, were excellent devices renowned for their utility, reliability, and versatility. These models were way ahead of their time, and greatly outclassed the competitors presented by Apple, Siemens, and Sony.