ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The role of science in the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has been disputed by many scholars. Critics tried to consider the problem from different perspective stressing on the nature, science and human being. It should be mentioned that much research of the novel is based on the contemporary knowledge of the end of the 20 th century. The scientists were interested in the possibility of the relation of the novel to the real scientific issues even though much time has passed from the time of the novel writing and many discoveries were made. One of the main reasons for considering the connection between Frankenstein with science remains emergence of the synthetic biology along with life and non-life, the natural and the artificial, and even the material and the informational (Belt 257). All these aspects impacted the desire to reconsider the novel from an absolutely new perspective which could not be dwelt upon before the real signs of the problems have not emerged. The notion of the synthetic biology is defined by the engineering where the organism cells are used for creating a life from scratch applying to the innovative technologies. One of the main goals of this science is to make sure that people are able to control the life like they are able to control their machines. Much attention is paid to the problem in the modern world and many scientists who want to succeed in the sphere refer to Mary Shelley’s gothic novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus . The introduction to the novel sounds as following, “Frightful must it be; for supremely frightful would be the effect of any human endeavour to mock the stupendous mechanism of the Creator of the world” (Shelley 2007, p. 9). Van den Belt (2009) is sure that the discussion of the Frankenstein wihing the scientific light began possible when people developed a desire to play the role of God by means of creating a life synthetically. Cloning is one of the departments of the scientific ideas which may be also considered within the novel. The contemporary advances in the life sciences allow critics to view Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein from another perspective, analyzing each thought and idea developed in the novel (McCall 2011). The connection of Frankenstein with science may be considered from different perspectives, however, the problem of gender and the ability to give birth as the scientific aspects are closely interconnected with the problem of feminism in the novel. Many scientists and scholars tried to view the problem of the connection between Frankenstein and science from the perspective of the feminist vision as the novel is written by a woman. Banerjee states that “Frankenstein does bring into play the theme of reproductive creation through images that evoke female reproductive experiences” (Banerjee 2011, p. 5). Reading the episode when Frankenstein emerges, the process of “gestation and birthing on the scientist” my be considered who undergoes “midnight labours,” faints, grows “pale” and “emaciated with confinement,” and suffers from “nervous fever,”
The interviewee is a 30 year old American, of Indian origin, female and a spiritualist by profession. A spiritualist is someone who believes in the life after death and who can communicate with the spirits of the late ones by means of mediumship. In this case, the interviewee can be referred to as a medium as she claims to have the ability to communicate with the dead. Her clients see her for various requests and offer money as a gesture of appreciation. Their requests range from communication with their loved late ones to spiritual healing. Most of her clientele have relatively low income and perhaps seek her services because they are not costly, and probably as a last resort. Because of the nature of her work, most upper class Americans despise the practice and even consider it to be a form of sorcery. They often look down on persons in this field often considering them low class. Most persons in this profession are female though there is no clear reason for this phenomenon. Majority of mediums are elderly and only in rare cases do you find one as young as the interviewee. The reason for this is that people are often more comfortable with a medium who is of mature age as they are considered more experienced and detailed in their work. The interviewee being of Indian origin comes from a family whose ancestors practiced the same custom. She was introduced into spiritualism by her grandmother who taught her everything she knows. She thoroughly enjoys her work though admits there are times when her patience is really put to test. This happens when clients visit her only with the intention of satisfying their curiosity about the profession, while pretending to need her services. Some would-be clients often make fun of the profession associating it with sorcery. However, the few times a client comes back to express their faith and gratitude in her work more than compensates for the low moments. Persons in the field of spirituality believe in higher authority and are of the opinion that there are consequences for every misdeed or wrong committed. They have high integrity and moral standing, always encouraging people to be open with one another and own up to their mistakes before they seek retribution. The philosophy of spiritualism condemns the act of harming others in the quest to satisfy one’s own personal needs. However, the interviewee is of the opinion that to get to the future, we must go back in time and consult the spirits of the dead for guidance. The notion that the dead are to be part and parcel of the present and future does not really go down well with me as I believe that death is the final stage of life’s journey where we part with our loved ones and move on. I
Introduction The time has come to lift a veil over one of the most mysterious cultures in the world. Despite the fact that there has always been a standard for Asian women to behave and to structure their relationships with the male counterparts, with the advent of the feminist movement, which reached even patriarchal Asia, with its strict regulations concerning the specific code of conduct that the Asian women must adhere to; merging with the traditional submissive style of behavior, the newly acquired manners create quite a conflict, which resolves in developing a completely new type of identity which is likely to become a completely new type of Asian female identity. In the given paper, the following points are going to be addressed, and the following issue is going to be researched: 1) the traditional patriarchal role of women in the Asian culture and society, which is considered the prior and the most widespread role at present; 2) a more “feministic” role which is currently being enhanced by all sorts of mass-media, especially various TV shows, movies, and TV-series; 3) the impact which the newer social role has on the traditional one and the way the two coexist, merging into a completely new type of female behavior in the Asian countries. Asian Women in the Popular Culture It is worth mentioning that specific researches have been carried out to define the new type of Asian women in the popular culture – the sphere which literally promotes certain behavioral patterns and, therefore, is worth considering as the most typical source of role models for women. Among the most notable works that deserve being mentioned, the paper by Alizou Zalipour takes an important place, for it outlines not only two major types of Asian women identities but also mentions the most typical identities for Asian women in general. Despite the fact that the author splits women’s behavioral patterns into four types, there is a distinct split between the women of the new era and the women of the patriarchal type in his work, which makes the paper altogether a truly all-embracing study on Asian female identities. The second work which has portrayed Asian women in a very specific manner and allowed to outline a basic type of Asian women is the paper by Anju Sohal, who describes the traditional type of Asian women – the ones who were born to mind the business which was typically considered as completely “female,” e.g., household chores. When considering the traditional image of an Asian woman in the moder4n mass media, namely, in the Asian cinema, the image of Ruby Lin is what instantly comes to one’s mind. Indeed, there is hardly a single actr
Gives a brief summary of the different changes that took place in Britain during the period and on the key points in the paper. Introduction Britain was among the few countries in the early 19 th century that experienced a major shift in industry and infrastructure. There were a great number of inventors during this time that greatly influenced the succession of the cultural trend that was evident in the latter parts of the 19 th century, with most of the changes happening in the last quarter of the century. Inventions such as the telephone, the steam engine, the motor, the radio, the telegraph and the light bulb all culminated in the industrial revolution. This saw Britain involved in mass production of steel, textile manufacturing, advanced transport and telecommunication, use of mechanical tools among others. By the end of the 19 th century, Britain had shaped itself into one of the greatest empires of the time, with most of the rural towns being transformed into urban centers complete with railways and electricity. Architecture The 19 th century saw an intricate transformation in British architecture and largely responsible for this was the contradictory approach in design perpetuated by gothic and classic architects. The early 19 th century saw the escalation of the gothic design from the Georgian style in buildings, which was further augmented by the 1818 parliamentary vote that pledged a million pounds for the building of new Anglican churches. Consequently, most of the churches that were constructed during that period (1818-1825) were of the gothic design like is St Luke’s and Chelsea in London. In 1834, the parliamentary houses were set up for rebuilding and competition between the gothic and classic styles of architecture was intensified. Though the houses of parliament were given a gothic design to complement Westminster hall, the classic movement gained widespread acclaim and this led to the change of the gothic style intended to design a new Indian foreign office in 1855-1872, into the Italian Renaissance form by George Gilbert. By the end of the 19 th century, the classic design was largely accepted and the gothic design being reserved for churches only (Gardiner 1997, 49). The gothic design of architecture was greatly inspired by the Romantic Movement in art and literature that was most popular in the early to mid 19 th century. However, the need for familiar architecture together with the restoration of Jacobean and Queen Anne architecture brought about fierce debates in parliament that led to the adoption of the classic style of architecture. Housing Early 19 th century houses were modest and the poor lived in two or three roomed homes. One room acted as the living space and kitchen while the other rooms were bedrooms where they slept on straw beds. Skilled workers lived in a one-story home where the two rooms upstairs were used as sleeping space and the two down stairs were the living area and kitchen where the occupants spend most of their time. Most o
The media has been very influential in shaping perceptions of religion. Islam has over the years been a critical element in global media. Critics might argue that the reason for the stated is the rise of terrorism, which has been linked to Muslim radicals (Wetherly, 2017). In such a discussion, it is important to remain objective. Indeed, whereas in the recent past there has been much speculation on the relationship between Islam and terrorism, in the 17th century, Christianity was also associated with terrorism (Appelbaum, 2015). One can argue that the media had not evolved in the 17th century as much as it has today. Due to this, the media is seen as suppressing one religion, Islam. Kenney and Moosa (2013) think that the poor depiction of Islam by the media has led to discrimination against Muslims. Furthermore, Muslims feel uncomfortable going about their day-to-day activities due to the said discrimination. There have been cases of religious prejudice in the workplace and even in schools. This research study focuses on whether the media influences and shapes the perception of Islam and Muslims in the UAE. Statement of the Problem Media influence on the perception of Islam affects views on both the Islamic religion and those who practice it. Hypothesis If the media influences personal opinions on Islam then it also affects views on people who practice this religion (Muslims). Research Questions  1. How are Muslims affected by the negative perception of Islam depicted through the media?  2. Does the media portrayal of Islam influence perceptions of this religion?  3. How do the media portray Islam as a religion?  4. Is the media portrayal of Islam true or false to a significant degree? Literature Review In different parts of the world, mass media outlets have remained the main sources of ideas and information about Islam. Modern technologies are transforming the way people share concepts or communicate with them. Emerging platforms such as social media are making interaction among people easier than ever before. Since many people rely on the media, it has been impossible for the global society to get a clear or true picture of the Islamic religion. This has been the case because the media tends to focus on the issues or extremes of Islam and its followers. This research paper digs deeper to understand how this representation continues to impact many Muslims across the world. The ultimate goal of the media should be to provide information that is moderate, fair, and nonpartisan. This approach will ensure that different stakeholders and consumers of ideas are served efficiently. Unfortunately, many media houses and groups have not been keen to deliver such aims or objectives. Ahmed and Matthes (2016) acknowledge that different media platforms tend to focus on extreme, sensational, and unusual reports that can attract a wide public following. Hassan, Azmi, and Abubakar (2017) use the term “mass media of Islam” to describe
Does an employer have an ethical obligation to take corrective or preventative action when the employer knows, or has reason to know, that the employee poses a danger to others? According to the U.S. Civil Law, when sensing a potential source of a threat coming from a certain staff member, an employer may, though is not obliged to, take the corresponding preventive or corrective actions, such as dismiss or suspend them until the conflict is resolved and the source of a threat is removed successfully: “It is the policy of the Federal Government to promote the health and safety of its employees by acting to prevent domestic violence,
The development of the world is something that touches each person on this planet and creates new circumstances to live in. This is why globalization and industrialization are the two notions, which people should care about and enlarge their knowledge about day by day. The metaphysical perspective of the western industrialized world may oppress people in many ways: children have nothing to do but accept the already existed conditions without any opportunity to change something from the very beginning, the metaphysics of the reality people live in cannot be examined properly, because people do not really comprehend how significant this very issue is, and, finally, it is not that easy to define who are really interested in the technological development and a life on the earth that is closely connected to planetary perspective only. With the help of the articles by David Carpenter and David Peat, we will try to analyze how exactly the metaphysical perspective of the representatives from the western industrialized world may oppress this world and destroy cultures. Without any doubts, “European consciousness dominates the world” (Peat, 1997). In order to comprehend the ideas of the metaphysics perspective, it is also possible to address the article of this author, who uses our society’s metaphysics in comparison to another society. With the help of Peat’s ideas, we come to the conclusion that each thing that people take as an inevitable is considered to be a kind of social conditioned perceptions, and this is why people are responsible for any change in this world, and people have to be ready to cope with the difficulties, created by themselves. Another writer, who presents really interesting information about the development of this world and this development’s impact on people, is David Carpenter. He admits that children are our future, and this is why it is crucially important to protect them by any possible means, providing all the necessary environment to be healthy and safe (Carpenter, 2006). To my mind, nurses are one of those people, who may provide the necessary support to the population to overcome all the changes, connected to the world’s industrialization and globalization. These people have close connection to health care and other issues, which provide safer future for our children. Smoking, drugs’ using, and use of not clean water – all this cause certain problems with health and abilities to accept industrialization, specially, it touches the Western countries. This is why nurses should be responsible for such things as the presentation of the information concerning healthy eating and drinking, spending time outside, dangers of smoking, etc. It is also necessary to remember about all those things, which our ancestors presented to us. Of course, lots of people try to find out as many reasons to promote the technological growth, however, we should be able to remember about our past and all those loses, our ancestors faced to safe this world for use. In order to live this life properly, people shou
In this modern world it has become an up-hill task to motivate and encourage students to study. I have had experiences that have made me realize how hard it is to motivate students in the classroom setting. Some students are insufficient when it comes to the power and intuitiveness of decoding both written and spoken words in whichever subject they undertake. This has led to a decrease in the level of motivation among this population of students. My research aims at promoting the initiation of the motivation process at the earliest age possible. This may involve motivating students as early as during kindergarten. This is a wondering inquiry research that entails teachers carrying out the task in a specified contextual setting. “Context represents a particular school within a particular state and within a particular country” (Dana & Yendol-Hoppey, 2009, p. 54). From my research, it can be deduced that for any successful reading culture to occur, there must be motivation at the earliest time possible. There are numerous approaches that can be employed in motivation of youngsters to develop a reading culture. Appreciation of self and realization of the value reading holds goes a long way in motivating young people to develop a positive reading culture. In addition, motivation stems from the daily occurrences such as the time spent talking about books, choice and incentives, all of which bring about motivation among the concerned young people (Gambrell & Marinak, 2009). This is the reason that has led me to lay more emphasis on motivating my students into a positive reading culture which they love. As a result, I have developed a wondering question: How can I use audio books with text to effectively engage and motivate my struggling students to read? Review of Relevant Literature In most cases, it is a major challenge when it comes to motivating kindergarten students to read. My students prefer to have books read to them rather than read the books themselves. Based on this finding, I have come to develop a program that involves selecting books that are likely to arouse curiosity in this population of students. The books are read and critiqued together with the students. Different students, have different issues ranging from personal ones to family ones. For instance, most Title I students have various family issues that include having a loved one in jail and lack of food that forces them to go for long hours without having a proper meal. These students need to be motivated to read. Teachers interacting with such students need to know the struggles they face and as such be in a position to design motivational programs specifically targeting this group of students. This is a big challenge to most teachers. In a study by Buschick, Shipton, Winner, and Wise (2007) it was observed that the maintenance of a motivational status q
Introduction The aim of this essay is to develop Ethics Awareness Inventory. People have diverse points of views on ethics, but they generally concur on the concepts of moral – right and wrong. Nevertheless, there are also differences on ethical decision-making and moral issues. Ethics should aim at instilling moral excellence in people. Individuals’ actions and characters are critical in determining uprightness and integrity. Character, however, is more important than action. Hence, assessing an individual’s characters also includes evaluating elements related to virtue. Based on the Ethics Awareness Inventory, developing a moral self to handle ethical issues is paramount for people (The Williams Institute of Ethics and Management, 2012). The role and importance of personal ethics People should make moral sound judgments, and they can achieve this through personal ethics. Ethical judgment is critical in the profession of psychology. Ethical decision-making guides psychological practices. Therefore, improving on morality should be a key priority for individuals. Moral develop is necessary during a lifespan of a person. People with deep moral personal ethics tend to reflect the same in their professional disciplines, for instance, through ethical conducts and practices. Many organizations have codes of ethical standards and conducts to guide behaviors of professionals. These guidelines are however not always followed and in most cases, governing bodies must handle ethical issues related to professional misconducts. This implies that personal ethics and moral judgment should evolve in people, and they can hardly be learned through rules. While professionals who violate these guidelines understand them well, they simply lack personal ethics and moral judgment. Personal ethics goes beyond codes of ethical standards and conduct provided by organizations. How ethics can affect application of psychological principles Personal ethics should form core elements of an individual’s personal, social, spiritual and organizational aspirations. Spiritual practices require strong ethical principles to strengthen belief systems. As a result, elements of virtue such as honesty, integrity, honor, justice and benevolence among others will thrive. Socially, people should act according to their belief systems and intrinsic values and should always adjust their behaviors in different situations to meet ethical requirements in society. Organizations consist of diverse human races and therefore, people should exhibit ethical characters based on tolerance, integrity, justice and benevolence to accommodate others. As people interact with others, they should evaluate their characters and find goodness rather than stereotype them. Individuals have different values a