ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The Bedouin culture in the UAE has played an important role in the development of the country. Bedouin tribes were nomads who mainly reared cattle and had to live in rather harsh environments. Emirati Bedouins were integrated into the UAE society and became a part of the urban population. The purpose of this study is to explore the beliefs and values, as well as the life of Bedouin people in the UAE. The review of the literature suggests that Bedouins of different ages have diverse views on values and culture. This qualitative study is based on the use of semi-structured interviews. Since the focus is on people from different age groups, nine people aged between 20 and 70 years took part in the research. Two out of three participants in the 20-50 age group noted that they did not experience the nomadic lifestyle and do not see the way the Bedouin culture can be applied in modern life. These participants still respect their cultural heritage and show a certain interest in it. Older generations exhibit strong ties to the values and beliefs and various cultural norms of their ancestors. All the participants share some major values, such as hospitality and family. The reasons behind the attitudes of Bedouins aged between 20 and 50 include the fact that these people did not witness the culture, and they were raised in the urban settings with its comfort. Older generations were exposed to the culture and were involved in the nomadic existence, which makes them more adherent to traditions. Importantly, irrespective of age, Bedouins share the centr
Almost 6 decades ago, the “separate but equal” doctrine was declared to be unconstitutional after the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education (Martin 121) took place. It could seem that this would put an end to segregation and racism in education and other fields of the society’s life. However, the course of time has demonstrated that the path from “separate but equal” to “united and equal” is quite long and not so simple. The issue of ethnicity and race is still burning for our society, and it gives broad field for work for the national and local powers and educators in terms of decision-making, as well as for scholars in terms of study. The notion of multiculturalism is not an exception: being at first perceived as the answer for all questions about cultures and their co-existence, nowadays it is also awakens scholars’ hot discussion. Particularly, Ronald Takaki in (2001 3-18) marks that there is the evident hostility and resistance to the concept of multiculturalism in education and other fields. Takaki provides a neat explanation to this resistance: the white community is afraid of the “non-White majority (12) that is gradually taking shape in the society in the 21th century. As they are eager to stay the majority, says Takaki, they suppress the advancement of multiculturalism ideas in the society and, particularly, in education. Considering the importance of education in forming the personality of future members of our society, this statement is of big significance. Today we have opportunity to discuss whether the situation has changed during the last 10 years, after Takaki’s publication. Despite the situation with the “resentment” of the white community has changed significantly, there are still many steps left to take on the way to “united and equal”. There is no need to reject the fact that when the “status” of a majority is challenged, it meets the new situation with resistance. We may see numerous examples in history of the USA, as well as the World history. For example, when racial segregation in schools was declared illegal, this was met with resistance by white students and even by the local powers of some states. We may also think about the history of colonial Africa: in South Africa, Afrikaners and British white colonists were in a perpetual struggle, and the indigenous population was suffering from it (Chazan 469-471); then, when the native South Africans declared their rights and began the struggle for their rights, the white community also strongly resisted to this movement (473-476). Can we state that these appeals have disappeared today? To some extend, this turns out to be true. The American society is moving towards elimination of racial discrimination and of opposition of ethnical and racial communities. This can be noticed in decision-making fulfilled by the local and national powers, as well as in the field of education. The courses of Ethnicity Studies are introduced in all educational establishments of the USA. Many people believe that “the divers
Among musical composers, the genius of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is singled out by the fact that within his short thirty-five years of life he managed to create an overwhelming amount of works that amaze the audience with their perfection. One of the explanations to this fact, apart from a God-given talent, is that Mozart started his musical activities at a very early age. On the other hand, the life conditions of the time stimulated Mozart’s involvement into performing and composing music of all possible contemporary genres. Mozart’s genuine talent and extensive education, together with the demands of his time, constituted the fertile ground for producing over six hundred works in an unprecedented genre variety. The seventh child, and the second to survive, Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 to a family of gifted practicing musicians: his father, Leopold Mozart served as a violinist and composer in the Kapelle of the Archbishop of the Austrian town Salzburg [1] . It is noteworthy that in Mozart’s time, the Archbishop and the Primate of Germany was the person who defined the course of whole life in political, social, and cultural spheres, and this influence of exploitation was also felt by Mozart in his mature years [2] . Mozart’s early childhood years went in the thoroughly musical atmosphere of his father’s home. On the one hand, Leopold Mozart often invited his musical colleagues to make music at friendly informal meetings. Those frequent musical gatherings allowed Mozart Jr. to enrich his musical knowledge with a large repertoire of contemporary music. On the other hand, Leopold started giving keyboard lessons to Mozart’s older sister, Nannerl, when she was as young as five years, and naturally the little genius could not but join in. Already at the age of four he undertook attempts at scribbling first notes on the music paper, and surprised Leopold by taking initiative in learning to play the harpsichord and the violin [3] . This interest of his younger son to music
Outline  1. Introduction  2. Negative Effects  3. Positive Effects  4. Conclusion Student Name Professor Name Course Date Celebrity Culture Introduction Nowadays, all media sources are full of news about different celebrities. They appear in magazines, newspapers, on television, and the Internet. This century is marked by various innovations in mass media and the cultivation of the culture of celebrities. Several decades ago, most children wanted to become engineers, pilots, or doctors. However, these days their priorities have drastically changed. Many children dream of becoming famous actors, singers, or showmen. Moreover, adults are also affected by the developed celebrity industry. The famous represent an easy lifestyle that looks very appealing for people who have to work hard to earn money and support their families. Therefore, it changes people’s goals and ways to achieve them. In addition, many individuals ignore their personalities and try to imitate celebrities’ behaviors. The main goals of this paper are to demonstrate that the famous serve as role models to many regular people, negatively affecting their behaviors and the whole culture of modern societies, and discuss the reasons that led to the rapid rise of the celebrity industry. Negative Effects There are several reasons for such a significant development of celebrity culture. First, the expansion of mass media has made the news about famous people one of the most discussed topics. Celebrities have been “reconstituted as the overexposed individuals of contemporary life” (Marshal 12). The same situation is happening with other media sources. Such news attracts much attention and enhances consumption across different classes in society. The pace of the development of the celebrity industry has never been so fast. However, there are no signals that it has reached any limits. Media companies along with movie and music industries have become more powerful. The development of the media machine makes the process of creating a celebrity much easier. Various shows exploit the temptation of humans to become famous. The entertainment industry creates celebrities by means of such shows. For example, the Idol TV program demonstrates several contestants whose main goal is to become more popular through their performances. The very fact that a person appears on the screen or in a magazine makes them a part of the celebrity industry. The phenomenon of “YouTube” also deserves particular attention. This media source offers opportunities to become famous to everybody. The cultivation of such a culture has become a world-scale issue. However, another reason for the intense promotion of popular actors, singers, and sportsmen is the demands of the general public. Consumers not only accept celebrities as a part of society but also feel the need for them (Williamson 35). People perceive them as idols and admire their talents and accomplishments. In addition, the general public is eager to know all the personal details about the lives of their icons. H
Attitude analysis in a piece of writing helps in defining the intention of an author towards specific characters and themes in the text. The book “The Fantabulous Fens” will be used in this paper to analyze the way attitude is presented by the author. Authors always use diction to portray a given attitude towards someone or something. The following quote was taken from this book. The decision of choosing specific words or phrases over the others is always meant to create some form of emphasis on what is being described. The quote below was taken from the book mentioned above. “ Daku and Bhoku were experts at doing nothing, and they were doing nothing at the time. They were neither sleeping nor eating nor working nor playing nor watching television: they were simply doing nothing, like they often did .” (Sen 34). It is important to understand how attitude is created from the above statement. The above quote reflects some form of contempt, especially given the manner in which the author emphasizes on the word nothing. The author creates this attitude by using the word nothing to describe their behavior. The two are portrayed as lazy individuals who are not able to do anything constructive. They prefer idle sitting, neither playing nor engaging in any active work. This contempt that the author has towards the two individuals is demonstrated in the manner at which their character is defined. The author gives the perception that Daku and Bhoku would almost sit lifelessly in their house waiting for an opportunity to cause mayhem to active members of the society. This attitude serves to give an overall impression of what the author seeks to achieve in the entire text. It would be necessary to understand why the author is using this particular attitude. The author is trying to discourage laziness in the society, and the two are used to demonstrate the effect of idleness among active members of the society. Daku and Bhoku have been used to achieve the goal of the author through their unfortunate eventualities because of being lazy, cunning, and criminal minded. The quote below is a further demonstration of the attitude of the author towards people who shun hard work. “ The ‘little bloke’ had spiky hair. He was the first street urchin in the world to have spiky hair… You good-for-nothing… You son of a bum …” (Sen 34). In this quote, the author uses some form of irony to depict the attitude he has towards laziness in the society. The irony is presented in the fact that Daku, an individual who has been described as being very lazy, rebukes the street urchin for his laziness and the fact that he contributes nothin
Introduction Education is an area that has attracted the attention of many scholars. Unlike in the olden days where people were so much uncivilized and had no regard for education, in the modern world issues regarding education have completely taken a new look. According to Tipps (2011), currently education is the secret to succeed in life. Nations are currently investing so much in education as they have realized education as one of the main ways that a nation can grow. Shelly (2012) says that several technologies have been invented in the favor of education. Through these technologies, big advancements have been made in the sector of education. In today’s world, the economy growth of any given nation is measured not in terms of how much wealth it accumulates but by the level of learning education acquired by its citizens. Theorists and various researchers have so much shown their interests in the area of education. Wadsworth (2004) points out that several theories have been developed by different theorists to support learning. These theories form the basis for the learners to desire to know more, develop an understanding, absorb, and retain what is leant in their minds. Seel (2012) argues that the educational theories are very important in the learning process. This scholar argues that when applied in the process of learning, these theories help the learners prescribe and apply educational skills learnt from the theories for better results in their learning process. Education theories vary and address various
Introduction The issue of sexual dysfunction is very sensitive and not every individual will report his problem. The number of male individuals with sexual dysfunction may therefore be small. The best place to get this population is in a clinical setting due to the sensitivity of the condition. The sample population of this study therefore will include men with problems of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Any patient with other co-morbidities other than sexual dysfunction will not be included in the study. Hospital records will help to determine that. In addition, any subject who is not a permanent resident in the city, where the hospital is located will not be recruited. All the subjects will be recruited in the study regardless of their socio-economic status. The sample will include male subjects of reproductive age: between 18 and 50 years. This sample population will be recruited from a hospital setting, which will be selected purposively. Every subject will be given an equal chance of taking part in the study through use of random sampling. This kind of sampling is recommended because it is representative of the general population and decreases sampling error and sampling bias. Unfortunately, since it is difficult to obtain a complete sampling frame for this kind of population, hospital records will be used to identify the population and use this population size to come up with a sample size using a sample size calculator. A 95% confidence interval will be selected while calculating the sample size. Since the sample includes two sub-groups (male subjects with erectile dysfunction and those with premature ejaculation), proportional stratified kind of random sampling will be used to draw
Innovation refers to the process of translating a particular idea or invention to a product or service to be paid for by people. This means that innovation involves an economic cost in an effort to satisfy a particular need. For innovation to be effective, a great deal of imagination, creativity and initiative is required in order to derive a high value. According to Rossouw (2009, p.409), innovation is an important avenue through which a business enterprise develop its competitive advantage. Businesses which are not innovative in their operation process experience retarded growth and development. On the other hand, design entails the process of working out the structure of something. In addition, design acts as the plan to be used in the process of developing a product or service. Considering the intensity of competition among businesses, incorporation of the concept of designing is vital. For example, designing helps a business enterprise to differentiate itself from other enterprises in the same industry. As a result, the firm is able to attract and retain a high customer base due to its ability to provide products and services which culminate into utility maximization among customers. Creativity refers to the proficiency of coming up effective ideas and translating them into reality. In business, creativity is the ability to do things differently in an enhanced and inventive manner. It is an essential concept of innovation because it is associated with lateral thinking thus coming up with new ideas. According to Proctor (2005, p.6), entrepreneurs can be able to develop new products and services to address the market needs through creativity. This means that creativity enables enterprises to cope with the dynamic business environment. In addition, creativity enables business to attain an effective market position hence increasing its competitive capacity. Similarities and differences Innovation, design and creativity bear some similarities since the three are concerned with strategic positioning of business enterprises. A business with an appalling blend of the three requisites is described as old-fashioned. Business should continuously innovate, design, and create in order to attract potential customers and retain the existing ones. As a result, a high customer base will be attained. For a business to withstand the mounting competition, it must have a professional team responsible for conducting market research. This will enable the firm to establish viable improvements essential to the business. In addition, the research team collectively with the innovative team should furnish the ways of implementing and managing the desired innovations. Despite the strong link between the three concepts, there are a number of differences which exist between the two. For example, creativity entails the process of generating new ideas or actions. On the other hand, innovation is the process vi
Abstract Fatima Mernissi is an analyst of Islamic Feminism, whose presentation is an argument regarding the situation of Islamic women, the problems they face and possible solutions on to common problems. The hitches they face concerns issues regarding sexuality, politics and evaluation of the current approaches of major laws. What is the current view of Muslim women by others? Introduction Various critiques especially from modernized countries have very different view of Islam, with numerous misunderstanding of the culture and hence heavy criticism. Fatima aims at gaining an outside perspective of Islam as a benchmark to evaluate and expound various aspects that assist in evaluation of Muslim women. She provides a better indulgence of the religion as a measure of fighting for women rights especially in connection to the Moroccan Law. Her overview raises concerns from a generally orthodox position thus portraying her as a liberal feminist who has to face challenges from the Muslim fraternity and other contrasting religious movements. Although various writers and fellow feminists such as Katherine Bullock criticize Fatima’s approach for failing to contextualize disappointments regarding endorsement of Islam at different times and places, they still acknowledge her efforts to depict cultural, religious and political rights of Women in Islam. Due to the challenges experienced in Harem, Mernissi finds the motivation to search for reason regarding powerlessness of women particularly in Morocco. This paper therefore presents a critical point of reference for analysis of religious, political and global impact on Muslim women. Religious effects on Muslim Women In line with Fatima Mernissi, women feel venerable to fear and powerlessness and will seek spiritual guidance by ensuring they follow the Islamic practices and gain the honour of patronage from the religious faith. Their fear subdivides into that of shame, powerlessness against transcendent powers and fear of rejection by the male counterparts. Most Islamic women bear a common focus on emotions and respond to them as spiritual prerequisites. There is a major role of prayer among Islam women and therefore evangelism within provides them with an ultimate relief. Dependence on the folk Islam is equally common among Muslim women since they believe in relationships with the supernatural beings, as worldly mediators especially during powerlessness. According to Mernissi, the association of Muslim women with supernatural being acts as a therapeutic procedure to overcome emotional impact. From a Christian point of view, the practic
The profession and it’s regulation The concept of a profession It seems logical to begin the research about the profession related to the law and justice system with an evaluating of enrollment in the world of this career. Chapter I begins with a definition of the terms ‘profession’ and ‘professional’: according to the author, both descriptions were derived from the Latin word ‘profession’, which implies performing a presentation or speech in public. Nowadays, the interpretations of occupations highlight the special expertise of the profession; moreover, they describe the ethical accountability of the occupation. As a result, other designating characteristics derive, such as “self-regulation, prescribed qualifications, codes of conduct, occupational associations, and monopolies over certain work” (Rhode and Hazard 2). Recently, the lawyers of the United States are considered to be a profession of considerable importance. However, the author claims that this statement might not be true, as the advocated in America is considered to have turned a noble occupation of a lawyer into a business. Moreover, over the past twenty years, the attention to this issue has been enhancing, sustained by the expanding rivalry and industrialism in the field of the justice system and by the perception of declining competent domination over the regulation of advocates. The legal practice has consistently been coordinated more on the community level then publicly or regionally, as it happens to be in Europe. Nowadays, the jurisdictional barriers, not only the community but regional, have been crossed by the modern practice of the law. Furthermore, in several countries in Europe and South America, the occupation of the lawyer has been compromised; the representatives of the law practice are no longer required to be a member of a bar or be segregated into smaller groups of the law occupation. The author gives the appearance of notaries as an example: notaries can assemble several categories of legal records. Besides, notaries receive legal education and obtain far more authorized accountability and position than their counterparts in the United States. As a result, assorted international accounting companies have already outnumbered law companies as the most accessible provider of law practice and services in the world. In contradistinction to the popular belief that lawyers have quite high standards and mistrust for the law practice of the population in general, the members of the bar perceive this shift of opin