ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal conflicts are inseparable elements of living in human society and building relations with other people. Even though their scope varies, there are some universal strategies, which can be deployed to solve them, referred to as communication theories. The key to using them successfully is learning to identify the needed theory and finding the ways to adapt it to cope with a conflict on a case-by-case basis. This paper is an attempt to analyze the personal experience of the collision of interests and applying the course material to handling it. There were numerous conflicts I was involved in, but I decided to choose for analysis the one, which is the most significant concern to me. Most children have conflicts with their parents without regard to their age and social status. I am not an exception to this overall rule. I often have conflicts with my parents over my choice of lifestyle and spending free time. The parties involved are my father and mother on one hand and me on the other. The conflict is a lasting one because as long as I remember myself, my parents taught me what I should think that they know what is better for me. As I grew older, I believed that I was adult enough to make similar choices by myself deciding where to spend time with my friends or how to manage my day. Every time I tried to prove it to my parents, we started quarreling. I believe that the reason for the conflict is that they refuse to accept that I have grown up. Even though my father and mother want to protect me from making mistakes, which might affect my further welfare, I cannot see the reasons why choosing a hobby is a bad thing. The nature of our conflict may come down to the fact that family ties have always played a significant role in making the life decisions of both mom and dad. So, it might seem appropriate to them to direct me throughout my life just the way their parents did. Interfamily conflicts, i.e. the conflicts between children and their parents, have become the subject of numerous scholarly studies in different areas of research from psychology to communication. I believe that my case is closely related to the course materials and scholarly articles because the newly obtained knowledge might be beneficial for determining the appropriate model of communication with my parents and coping with the problem in our family. As for the course materials, they are relevant because they serve as the background for identifying the nature of the conflict and identifying the strategies for overcoming it. Speaking of the scholarly articles, they are the sources of additional knowledge necessary to improve the understanding of the initially received information and finding the ways that have proved to be effective in cases similar to mine. The primary matter of concern in our family is the issue of ineffective communication. The model of communication is often viewed through the prism of cultural norms and ethnic background. That said, there are different dimensions of interfamily dialogues. They are based on the perception of power and freed
Introduction The success of PPQ Parts in investing globally depends on the effectiveness of its strategic plan. The plan acts as the company’s map of trade. It should incorporate an environmental scanning report of contemporary circumstances in the region of expansion, internal resource analysis, strategic goals, and analysis of the benefits and disadvantages for expansion in the chosen regions (Stair and Stair, 2006). Environmental Scanning Factors that determine the outcome of an environmental scanning include the economy, competition, and political stability. Others include social forces, technology and regulatory bodies. Notably, PPQ Parts need to analysis the status of these factors in the region. The customers’ expectations and spending habits can determine trading patterns in the region (Kamp, 2007). The company, for example, cannot trade in pork or its products while expecting to win customers in Arabia. It is a business suicide to trade in the products in the region. In addition to the religious and social believes, the political climate plays similar roles. Politics defines, among others, channels of communication, viable businesses, and taxation policies. For example, a change from labour to conservative government affects taxation and may result to increase in prices. International business regulatory bodies are at the fore-front of encouraging global trade. Governments are also increasingly signing trade agreements. Thes
Living in this world, many people usually undergo several human stages of development, namely, infancy (birth), childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age (death). However, the research in the areas shows that there are a lot of other different stages a person should come through his/her development. One of the most appropriate and famous classification of the psychological stages of a human being is Erik Erikson’s one. He has conducted a thorough research in the field of human psychology and age; he managed to distinguish and classify eight stages of development. Each of these stages is characterized by the age, particular virtues, psycho social crisis, and varying relationships. Moreover, considering the case studies devoted to Chrystell and Betty in Funder and Ozer (2010), it becomes evident that these psychological stages discussed by Erik Erikson perfectly match people’s lives. Having considered each of the stages in detail the analysis of the specific case studies is going to be conducted with a reference to the real life examples. The first stage discussed by Erikson takes place from the birth up to the age of two years. During this period a person may express various wishes, however, there exists the main psycho social crisis, namely, the conflict between trust and mistrust. A person at this age tries to understand whether it is possible to trust words and who should be trusted. During this period of time a child is able to trust only his/her mother or the one who takes care of him/her. During such everyday actions as feeding and taking care, the children understand who may be trusted and who should not be. The second stage of the human development according to Erikson is the age from two to four years. This age is characterized by the fact that a human being undergoes his/her main development. Children in this period of their development already do a lot of things themselves; however, parents remain the main people in their lives. Gender peculiarities become essential at this stage and children try to understand their autonomic issues often interconnected with shame and doubt
Introduction In this article an effort has been made to analyze types of backup behavior in different circumstances and that might often result in decreasing the efficiency levels of a team. It is contented that the extent of impact depends upon the cohesive nature of the team and distribution of responsibilities. Statement of Research Problem Backing up in general is provided to get things done. But this study attempts to see through the minute details of the ill effects of unwarranted backing up. An effort has been made to figure out the cost of backing up behavior for a team and the types of potentially harmful impacts of providing such backing up. Authors have mainly focused on to examine the relationship between backing-up behavior and team performance. Description of Research Procedure Research on the subject has been extensively carried out with the help of earlier writings on the subject and related topics. Quoting earlier studies on the subject by well known writers like Porter (2005), Dickinson and McIntyre (1997), Johnson et al., (2006) etc. this study has tried to test a set of hypothesis for arriving at the conclusion. Authors have observed different types of teamwork and working behavior of the individual team members. In addition, analogy has also been established with some standard set of team behaviors like that of an Air Force midflight refueling crew, fire response team etc. which often mandates adequate backing up while complementing each other’s task. But in general, authors have cited a number of previous works from different writers which provide a glimpse of how backing up often leads to complacency on the part of some team members, while unduly putting the burden on some others. An effort has also been made to highlight how some of the previous studies have tended to ignore the negative impacts of backing up. Flaws in Procedural Design The writers have made attempts to take care of the diversity in team performances, as a result of backing up, but considering the fact that, in today’s context team spirit is encouraged amongst management, it sounds somewhat out of place to think that complementing each other’s efforts, helping the fellow team members leads to negative impacts. Certainly, there might be instances which could lead to development of a sense of complacency amongst some team members, but to generalize it without thorough research might lead to undermining the value of team spirit. A team of course comprises of members with different sets of attitudes and abilities, but what matters in the end is, the output that the team is able to deliver, which necessitates more comprehensive research on this particular topic, before arriving at the conclusion. Analysis of Data In the study,
Introduction There is no doubt that workplace performance is among the key factors that contribute to organisational success. The degree to which the results of an individual’s work improve a company’s situation is extremely important, and this is why job performance is a popular research topic. Today, there are multiple ideas concerning the ability of individual factors to determine professional success, and the paper presents and analyses them, paying special attention to such factors as memory, intelligence, and personality. The works that are used to define predictions include the theories of working and transactive memory, the ideas concerning intelligence modalities and fluid-crystallized intelligence, and the five-factor model of personality. The theories were selected since they are extremely popular, have practical applications, and widely presented in modern researchers’ works. The importance of studying the links between the three factors and performance/behaviours is based on the potential uses of such findings in human resource management. Among their key applications is the ability to increase the effectiveness of recruitment processes and, therefore, avoid hiring high-risk employees. Theoretical Background In modern psychology, an individual is considered as a person who possesses a set of unique features, impacting his or her ways of understanding reality. People’s individual psychological factors are among the most interesting topics in the field that, however, are related to the continuous debate concerning credibility and scientific accuracy. This section provides the analysis of intelligence, memory, and personality theories aimed at defining the predictions and hypotheses linked to work performance. There are different theories of memory that aim to explain the interactions of old and new memories and link the process of remembering something to various senses such as smell. When speaking about the most popular theoretical frameworks, it is pivotal to mention the work by Craik and Lockhart dated 1972 that criticises the multi-store approach to memory and links remembering to the prolonged exposure to stimuli (Park & Festini, 2017). According to the theory, the outcomes of memorising processes depend on the depth of semantic processing, whereas the remembering intention is secondary. Therefore, many theorists structure their models around the role of external cues and the characteristics of stimulus exposure. Another concept that can serve as a link between memory theories and job performance is working memory, the notion that is
Introduction The poem Paradise Lost by Milton is a piece of art that has been coined wonderfully to pass both political and religious messages. The name Paradise Lost was carefully chosen as a summary of what Milton was talking about in the entire book. According to Sander (64), the way Milton has used diction in this poem, and the way themes come out shows a high level of expertise in this field. The book brings out the historic nature of the creation of mankind. When man was created, he was supposed to live in heaven with God. He was supposed to enjoy a life free from any toil, pain, death or any other form of suffering. This was what God intended for man. This poem brings this message in a careful and very interesting manner. The poem brings out the cunning nature of Satan. Determined to compete with the power of God, Satan comes out to put a challenge to God. He uses a special creature of God, the mankind. Paradise Lost skillfully knits religion and politics into one large garment. As Storr (84) observes, Milton has successfully brought together politics and religion into one plate. He has managed to demonstrate that the two are very closely connected. In this poem, it would be easy to see how religion and politics are closely related. From the perspective of Sander (86), some of the facts that are brought out in this poem can either be considered as political or religious. Depending on the approach one takes in the analysis, major themes may be categorized into the two topics. As this scholar puts it, when the poem is given to a political scientist, he shall see politics on the other hand. On the other hand, when this work is given to a student of religion, he shall see a lot of religious facts. This poem is focused on analyzing the poem Paradise Lost from both the religious and political standpoints. Religious Views of Paradise Lost and The poem ‘Paradise Lost’ strikes as a religious poem. John Milton brings out the kingdom of God before the fall of man, the process where man fell off with God, and how he was finally sent from Garden of Eden. As Milton says, man was a special creature of God. God considered man a special creature as compared to other creatures. As such, he was given freedom to rule over other creatures of God. He was given power to eat of all the fruits that were in the Garden of Eden extract the fruit of knowledge. God provided man with everything in the garden. He offered man immortality and every other thing that he would need while in the palace. According to Milton (117), besides any other reason that may exist, one of the reasons why God gave Adam and Eve the instruction not to eat from the fruit was to ensure that mankind obeyed him. He had created man and offered all that he might need in the Garden of Eden. However, after the rebellion of Satan and other angels who were loyal to him, God wanted to ensure that this special creature do not fal
Introduction A business plan is a well organized document that shows the road map that the business will take so as to start or continue expanding. In some cases, business plans are wrongly drafted and this results in problems when running the business. In this work, ways of resolving low capital base for the alpha retailers are analyzed and evaluated. Client The client is called alpha retailers; the company is a start up business that has been established and it deals with the distribution of products to consumers. After starting the business, the managers realized that the capital set out to run the business is not enough. The client now wishes to solve the problem of lack of enough capital within the business. To develop solutions geared towards solving this problem, the researcher conducted a situations analysis, developed tactics to solve these problems and ways of implementing and monitoring the success of the business. Objectives The main objective of this work is to formulate solutions through which the Alpha retailers can use so as to gain enough capital. Currently, the business is faced by the problem of the lack of enough capital due to poor business planning. This has seen the business exhaust its startup capital. Situational analysis The first step will be to perform a situational analysis of the business. This will entail a critical evaluation of the alpha retailers. To check the company’s internal and external performance, a SWOT analysis was carried out. SWOT analysis entails the examination of the business in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses relate to the internal environment of the business while the opportunities and threats relate to the external environment. Strengths: the business will be examined to determine its strengths. These include superior technologies, capital, experience in the field, having good competent workers and innovations. The business will be evaluated so as to identify these strengths. Weaknesses : the business will be analyzed in order to identify the weaknesses the business faces. These include poor technology, lack of capital and small incompetent workforce. Opportunities: these are the positive factors that promote the development of the business. They include a large customer base, good legal and regulatory framework, positive culture, good political climate, and government subsidies (Barney 87). Threats : these are external factors that will affect the development of the business negatively. They include superior technology processed by the competitor, low market demand of the product on sale, seasonal and weather effects. Audiences The main stakeholders that will be involved in this problem solving:  1. The company management: they will be involved in the formulation of appropriate strategies  2. The company employees: they will be involved in the implementation of the s
Introduction One of the mainly sure ways to progress the physical condition and well-being of the world’s inhabitants is to hearten and shore up the thought of marriage. The continued researches divulges that, the married people are normally bodily healthier, more contented, survives longer, enjoys enhanced mental health, are more satisfied and less expected to suffer corporeal abuse. Premarital cohabitation does not convey the equal advantage nuptials do. As a substitute, it conveys amplified variance and hostility as well as amplified probability of break up in later marriages. Dr. Robert H. Coombs, one of the researchers, showed that, “married people live longer and generally are more emotionally and physically healthy than the unmarried.” If this is the case, why should there be a fixed age of marriage and yet marriage brings total happiness, good healthy, mental health and extended life span in human being? According to Dr. Robert H. Coombs research, he totally disagrees that people should be allowed to marry only after the age of 30. To start with, he quotes a verse in the bible that says, “It’s better to marry than to burn up”. According to the verse, he noted that, this verse was not there for the people over thirty years but for the people who could not resist sexual behaviors. Nowadays, the high rates of sexual transmitted diseases are highly spread by the youths who are have not attained the age of thirty and not married. If age is put aside, and every one who cannot withdraw his/her sexual temperature by the help of the people is allowed to marry, this would reduce the rate of sexual transmitted diseases. Another reason as to why I disagree on marriage after the age of 30 is that, many psychological related problems are experienced by the people who are not married. If any one who feels ready to marry regardless the age is given the access, then the rate of deaths relating to psychological problems will be reduced. Dr. Robert H. Coombs, in his research, commended that, if age was not the key factor to marriage, then the high rate of deaths caused by; alcoholism, suicides, loneliness, Psychiatric problems, and Morbidity and mortality would be highly reduced. He also said, if anybody who felt like marrying regardless the age was genuinely given the opportunity and backed by the other members, then this would lead to happiness hence kicking out the hig
Executive Summary The dark and historical tourism industry has the right to exist and needs to be supported as a potentially lucrative and very promising industry. With the clear focus on ethics and the need to respect the historical legacy, as well as the lives that may have been lost to a specific event, the dark and historical tourism, will be able to thrive and offer insightful discoveries to its participants. The dark and historical tourism niche may face some resistance from more conservative people and governments, which is why establishing alliances with public organizations and state authorities should be seen as an important step. However, given the surge in enthusiasm and curiosity toward the specified niche, an increase in its profitability and the number of opportunities that it provides for new businesses is expected. Introduction The tourism industry is rather lucrative as a business due to the comparatively steady demand rates within the tourism market, as well as the opportunities that the existing tourist attractions offer. Although traditional sightseeing prevails in the tourism industry, the requests that are more exotic and unorthodox are also quite common. Specifically, the niche of dark and historical tourism deserves closer analysis as one of the possible tourism options. Although dark and historical tourism as a phenomenon has been in existence for quite a long, it has only recently gained a semi-official status as a legitimate business (González, 2018). Niche Definitions and Key Characteristics Before going any further with the exploration of the niche of dark and historical tourism, defining the specified niche will be necessary. Although the title is rather self-explanatory, one should clarify that the dark and historical tourism industry concerns itself mostly with the sights that hold a particular historical value as the reminders of a particular disaster (Salehuddin Mohd Zahari et al., 2016). Martini and Buda (2020) are more accurate in their definition: “Dark tourism refers to visitations to places of death, disaster, and atrocities” (p. 679). Therefore, the current definition of dark tourism extends not only t the places that are marked by a specific disaster but also the ones that are in some way linked to a specific grim subject or occurrence. In turn, the addition of the term “historical” to the specified notion creates the context into which companies operating in the dark and historical tourism realm are placed. Specifically, the sights t