ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Corporation Act 2001, normally referred to as the Corporation Act, is a Commonwealth of Australia act that comes up with laws governing business entities situated in Australia. This governance is normally at the inter-state and federal levels. The law focuses mainly on the company’s functions though they are other sections that touch on the other cover entities like schemes on investment and partnership management. The Corporation Act 2001 is believed to be the biggest statute corporation in the entire world. Since its enactment, the law has gone through several reforms with the latest being the CLERP reform which made the statute even simpler. The Act has remained the main legislating principle that regulates Australian companies. The regulations are in terms of the company’s formation as well as operations, officer’s duties, fundraising, and takeovers[1]. Issue: Director’s duties in a Company One of the key issues included in the Corporation Act 2001 is the Clause on the duties of the directors in corporations. The section mainly concerns itself with the guidance needed by directors as they carry out their obligations Rule/Law The Corporation Act 2001 has organized the common law in terms of the director’s duties in the companies they are in charge of. Several sections within the Act offer guidelines of the obligations discharged by the directors[2]. The sections include; Duty to Act with Diligence and Care-180(1) According to this section, directors as well as other officers in any company are expected by the Act to perform their duties with diligence and care to a degree comparable to what a reasonable individual would do in the same position. The recommended diligence and care standards as stated by any court consider the circumstances of the company and the position occupied by the director or officer in question. An executive director’s skills are determined objectively about the calling from the director[3]. Duty Not To Improperly Use Position-182 The clause is also referred to as the ‘Duty not to profit from the position.’ According to the clause, any corporation employee be it the secretary, officer, director or officer must in no way use their positions in ways that are not proper such that they will result in damages or have any added advantage in the corporation[4]. Duty to Prevent Insolvent Trading-588G According to section 588G, a company’s director who commits any offense that results in the company incurring a debt leading to insolvency at that particular incident or maybe insolvent in some time in future, then the director will be considered as to have failed to protect the corporation thus dishonest. Application Following the rules and laws stated by the Corporation Act 2001, the directors of any company are required to put to practice the powers given to them by the act and carry out their duties while observing diligence and care. The act is applicable in the judgment r
Introduction E-commerce is a modern phenomenon, which highly gaining popularity in the era of technology while changing the perception of marketing and retailing (Schneider, 2015). Nonetheless, it could be said that its functioning mechanism is still unclear due to the novelty of this singularity and complexity of its principles. In this case, it has to be stated that planning is a critical element to assure the functioning of this instrument and enhance the achievement of the goals (Schneider, 2015). In this case, the primary aim of this paper is to assess and evaluate the planning of electronic commerce activities while addressing this topic by using practitioner and scientific viewpoints discussed in various publications and articles. In the end, the conclusions are drawn to summarize the findings of the paper. Analysis In this case, the overall planning process implies the establishment of the objectives with the linkage to the business strategies and selection of the particular stages, which will support the overall development (Schneider, 2015). Meanwhile, the absence of planning is the primary driver for the company’s failure in e-commerce (Kao & Decou, 2003). In this case, “the strategy e-commerce planning model” should be prioritized, as it implies paying vehement attention to the organizational tactics and approach (Kao & Decou, 2003, p. 238). Consequently, in the context of the presented paper, it is critical to analyze issues associated with the planning of e-commerce activities and various external factors, which have a tendency to affect the flow of the related processes. Additionally, the lack of planning can increase the barriers related to intensifying competition and the vulnerability of SMEs (Stockdale & Standing, 2004). Meanwhile, the e-market is full of controversies, which might be a potential cause of unpredictable fluctuations resulting in the loss of market share and the decrease in revenues. In this instance, compliance with the initial strategy of the company and constant risk assessment will contribute to the clear identifications of the planning stages and avoid the threats (Schneider, 2015). Furthermore, it remains apparent that a well-established framework is the principle element of e-commerce scheduling, as it outlines the structure and timeframe of the required stages and processes (Alghambi, Drew, & Alkhalaf, 2011). Nonetheless, despite the necessity to emphasize a profoundly designed network, various externalities affect the planning and growth in the e-commerce sector such as governmental support since “e-commerce activities are not progressing at the same speed” (Alghambi, Drew, & Alkhalaf, 2011, p. 772). It could be said that the interest of the authorities in the development of this process might be a key driver for the enlargement of the segment due to the easiness of planning and extended availability of the financing to increase the speed of the forecasting process. Conclusion In conclusion, it was revealed that e-commerce is an essential part of the modern marketing due to continuous tec
Introduction The construction industry has been booming for the last few years across the globe. Real estates, housing plots and residential flats occupy a major role in the economics of a country. At this juncture, property development is gaining more and more popularity among the populace. A large number of projects are available nowadays and hence the process of selection of the best alternative calls for careful analysis. Projects are usually analyzed using feasibility studies. Feasibility studies can be undertaken in many ways and financial feasibility is one of the most popular ones. In a financial feasibility study, projects are evaluated in terms of the economic benefits, which are compared against costs to find the best project. (The Economics of Property Development). Property development is usually carried out in line with customers’/clients, property requirements. It is an essential operating tool for the clients’ business. The traditional property developers used to sell the freehold lands to those affordable to pay for it in much the same way as financial securities are traded. “The investment value of a property is the product of its market rental value and the reciprocal of the negotiated investment yield.” (The Economics of Property Development). The present essay dwells on the intricacies of the economics of property development and its valuation. The essay used the previous year’s data of scheme A for developing cost estimation and feasibility analysis for a new plan- Scheme B. In the feasibility analysis, the time value of money concept has been applied, which converts the future benefits from the property into its current value so that comparison will be possible for money occurring at different points of time. Desk study to show planning position This is one of the commonly used methods for gathering data on a certain phenomenon without any physical exercise. When compared to other modes of collecting data, desk study is relatively a cheap way of gaining a large amount of data. This part of the paper examines how to gain data on property development projects using desk data. One of the advantages of desk study is that ground related hazards can be ascertained at an early stage. “A rapid desk study carried out before purchase of land can often detect unknown factors that could push up the cost of development. Most project delays and cost over-runs are due to ‘unforeseen ground conditions’ being encountered once construction works have commenced on site.” (Desk Studies). A typical report of a desk study on property development includes data on “Site history, Geology and geomorphology, Groundwater, Topography and drainage, Vegetation and land use, Underground features such as existing foundations, services or tunnels, Archaeological potential, Contamination, Geo-hazards and Seismology.” (Desk Studies). BCIS Data Hosting The analysis of c
Introduction At the time when many media pundits and political analysts are tempted to make a Trump-Nixon connection, it is necessary to subject the role of the White House press secretary to the same level of scrutiny that is often applied to the highest office in the land. More than ever before, heads of the state and government are susceptible to public pressure; therefore, the press-presidency relationship is increasingly coming to the fore in policy considerations. Control of the presidential image is a task that took a prominent place in Richard Nixon’s White House. An obsession with public relations prompted the president to create the Office of Communications the chief aim of which was to manage a wide range of the administration’s messages (Lee 22). However, the presidency of Nixon was marked by an even more striking shift in the nature of diplomatic news management—the transformation of the role of the press secretary. Ronald Ziegler was a press secretary whose ability to endure the abrasive personality of Nixon and willingness to downplay the importance of the Watergate scandal in an attempt to protect the president made him more than a spokesman. The slicked-haired official became the administration’s public face and a buffer protecting the president from disgruntled journalists. The aim of the paper is to analyze the Ziegler’s influence on the transformation of the press secretary’s role in the United States. It will be argued that during his stint at the White House, the man perfected the art of obscurantism, thereby degrading the role of the press secretary as a dispassionate and honest conduit of information. Biography Ziegler was born in a family of a middle-level manager and a nurse in 1939 (“Ronald Lewis”). The future government official attended Dixie Heights High School in Edgewood, Kentucky. Ziegler was a natural football player, which allowed him to obtain a college athletic scholarship at Xavier University in Cincinnati (“Ronald Lewis”). In 1958, his family relocated to Los Angeles, which prompted the young man to enroll in the University of Southern California (“Ronald Lewis”). It was at that time when the man found his first job as a ride operator at Disneyland. The future government official obtained the first experience of managing public relations during the Miss USC contest (Nelson 167). Several years later, when the presidential candidate Nixon launched his campaign, the talented man was recruited to handle press arrangements at the University’s campus. Ziegler graduated as “a B-minus marketing major” and immediately landed a sales manager position at Procter and Gamble (Nelson 167). Several weeks later, the man decided to change his career path to become a lobbyist for the Republican caucus in S
The issue of planning in cities is on the rise as far as the urbanization process is concerned. Urban development trends are closely associated with suburban sprawl phenomenon leading to overuse of territories. In order to solve the planning issue, two challenges might arise. On the one hand, the sprawl problem can be solved by means of building skyscrapers, but this decision threatens the loss of rural territories. On the other hand, although urban development consumes land in a more reasonable way, it still produces senseless planning of the areas, leading to the loss of community and social development. Inadequate planning is especially characteristic for large cities with dense population. Similar issues are indirectly concerned in the movie Julie and Julia where the main heroines are overwhelmed with the business routine and city conventions. At the beginning of the movie, Julie Powell is meeting with her friends to discuss the routine problems they face in everyday life. They are concerned with the inconveniences of urban life, as well as the decisions about suburban development. One of the characters also inclines to the decision of demolishing the rural area and building skyscraper as an optimal urban solution. The theme discussed in the movie correlates with the statement that “to [people] [sprawl] is the means of owning a house on a large lot and enjoying the convenience of one-stop mega-mall shopping” (Macionis and Parrillo, 2000, p. 110). Emergence of traffic and finance problems, as well as the necessity to move from area to another, creates social challenges to the community as well. In addition, loss of rural areas, along with the construction of new skyscrapers and city centers, leads to the destruction of historically important heritage in the city. Extreme business of urbanized communities, however, lessens the importance of cultural heritance and, as a result, fewer people are concerned with the problems of socialization. In the movie, Julia Powell works as an operator of a call-center at Lower Manhattan Development Corporation’s, and her primary responsibility lies in meeting the needs of the citizens. However, people suppressed with routine problems fail to understand the needs and problems of each other, which is the result of urbanization and lack of cultural importance assigned to the cities. With emerging sprawl problems in urban communities, the question of urban planning comes to the forth. On the one hand, the urban community can be considered as a self-regulated polis with independent residents. On the other hand, the routine of daily life makes the citizens of modern cities helpless instruments and faceless forces. Such a statement appeals to the discussion of the concept of urban power and control (Mollenkopf, 1992). In fact, the planning issues should be closely connected with social values and meet concerns of individuals, as it has been presented in the movie. In particular, the main heroine Julia Child confronts the stereotypes about women as the members of the urban society. The protagonist breaks the prej
Introduction Rice is the major crops consumed across the entire world, ranked at position one as the world’s vital dietary stable food, ahead of others like banana, corn and wheat. It belongs to the grass family of crops, other members in the same family include grass, bamboo, and marijuana. It has more than 120,000 varieties, which include black and white strains. The maximum height of growth is 10 feet with a shooting rate of eight inches daily. Growing of this food is mainly for both subsistence and exporting purposes. Some nations devote their agricultural efforts in rice production. China, for instance, is the major producer of this food. Its consumption is above most countries engaging in the business (Xing & Zhu, 2000). Data show that almost a third of world’s production and consumption takes place in China (Montero, 2008). This constitutes close to 200 million tonnes on annual basis. In past years, whenever production fell below the consumption limits, it would import the extra metric tonnes. This case happened in 2004, after its production fell by close to 30 million metric tonnes (Choudhury & Kennedy, 2005). Production of this commodity in China is possible because of the application of novel scientific technology in agricultural segment. First, the strain that copes with the climatic condition of the area is a key factor. High production comes from the high yield dwarf strain. This is a cross breed between Mexican or Philippines wheat and cold weather Chinese strain (Xing & Zhu, 2000). Enormous success has come by application and use of this breed, less land gives more yields when compared to similar space with other strains. Rice also comes with other important application other than consumption because their straws make sandal, hats, ropes, and roof thatching patches (Choudhury & Kennedy, 2005). Growing and harvesting rice Preparation of rice takes place in nurseries where their seedlings are prepared in readiness for planting seasons. Transplanting takes place after attaining certain conditions. These involve making sure the seedlings attain a given height. Preparation of land for planting prior to their introduction is also paramount; in China, this happens in paddy fields. These are parcels of arable lands, their building occurs in steeply hillsides. This must have adequate reliable supply of water that will irrigate the land for the entire growing season. This consumes large quantities of irrigating water and labour (Directorate of Rice Development, 2001). The flooding condition makes it difficult for weed growth, hence, the practice will often require minimal weeding. Rice growth prefers these conditions. Soil cultivation is an important factor in both large and small-scale production. Clay soil has a good water retention capacity. Their particles are compact and, thus, minimal chances of draining water deep in their profile (Abdullah et al., 2009). These characteristics make it viable for rice growth in China. The levels of water flooding paddy increase as seedlings grow until they are ready for harvesting, and this takes place after approximately three months from the date of planting. Once ripen, gradual lowering of w
Introduction This case scenario involves the radiological discovery of a large surgical scalpel in the abdominal cavity of a patient. This case will be used as a launchpad for discussing and reflecting on practical, ethical issues and moral dilemmas that normally face healthcare professionals, especially in the doctor-patient relationship. In this case, the moral dilemma faced by the radiologists is truth-telling or an ethical issue relating to confidentiality in medical practice (Vaiani 2009, p.408). Further, two scenarios exist; when to disclose the information to the patient and when to keep the information confidential. The main issue is whether it is necessary to disclose the information to the patient. In this manuscript, the just impasse is acknowledged and wiles in support of or against revelation are highlighted. Moreover, the speculative obscurities in harmonizing the inconsistent grounds and setting up what represents notifying the patient will be observed. Furthermore, the paper will examine the two scenarios concerning all the stakeholders, the patient, the radiologist and the institution. Before a conclusion is made, the paper will explore whether there exist any guidelines to help solve the problem. The findings are that preserving information from the patients at times would be morally acceptable (Sekerka & Bagozzi 2007, p.134). The main moral issue Professionals in healthcare are over and over again faced with moral and legal dilemmas in their workplaces. While some have the courage to directly deal with the circumstances others will shy away from the problem. In such a situation medical practitioners are called upon to display courage especially when it is not easy to do the right thing (Aultman 2008, p.67). According to Einarsen et al. (2007, p.210), healthcare practitioners are not invulnerable to immoral behaviours. In fact, principled impasses are encountered by these certified experts on a normal basis. A moral dilemma often comes about when health professionals are expected to carry out more than two parallel actions conc
Introduction In the present-day world, the progress of society largely depends on the possibility for people to exercise their fundamental rights. It means that the majority of arising collective issues, which require cooperation for their efficient resolution, can be addressed only if citizens manage to coordinate their actions. From this perspective, freedom of speech is the key to everyone’s well-being, and, in my opinion, it is the most critical condition for self-expression. Main body The selection of this aspect as the most valuable part of the societal experience can be explained by its effects on both communities and individuals. In the former case, groups of people can work productively only if they are capable of clearly articulating their messages. This provision can be respected only if everyone can speak their minds without worrying about the public response. It is evident that it can be quite negative, but this method is the only optimal way to find a compromise, which is especially crucial when it comes to essential political decisions. In turn, personal well-being can also be achieved when individuals are free to share their ideas regardless of any restrictions and the risks of meeting resistance from those with opposing views. In this situation, their mental health depends on feelings of unity, which are caused by such an open exchange of thoughts. Thus, the failure to meet this need would indicate the presence of problems with socialization in general. Conclusion In conclusion, I appreciate the freedom of speech the most because it is a guarantee of societal progress and individual success in life. The former means that people can better coordinate their decisions when they are openly discussed, whereas the latter implies the opportunity to feel oneness in a group setting. Therefore, this condition is critical for ensuring citizens’ well-being in any context while promoting their collaboration.