ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Most of the businesses are run based on one or a combination of the three basic business strategies, namely cost, product and focus strategies. For a business that aims to be successful on product differentiation, an ideal market should be the one that contains people who can afford to buy the kind of product that offers unique qualities over other similar products. In this particular case, we rely on offering high quality pizza to the customers while providing them with excellent service and fast response time. It has an inherent pre-requisite that potential customers are supposed to be willing to pay for the added advantages, as everything in business has some cost associated with it. This can be possible when there are no other competitors at all, or when there are existing pizza businesses, but the customers are ready to try a new one with a positive difference in quality and service. The third one is the realistic scenario, as there is apparently no town in this world which has pizza lovers but no pizza businesses. It reflects the actual situation that pizza makers have mushroomed everywhere and so new comers need to be ready to compete with many existing pizza businesses and be able to grab customer attention with some sort of differentiation. As our main strategy is to go with product differentiation in terms of high quality product with excellent customer service, the ideal market is the one with high population who eats pizzas on regular basis and so are interested to pay for a tasty and quality item. However, the prospects of business success will be more when this can be done while maintaining the prices in comparable range. London seems to be a favourite place for the proposed pizza venture due to various factors that will be elaborated in further sections. To be simple, the three main reasons for choosing London in particular are its high population, high pizza consumption and the desire of customers, as it is known by many customer reviews, to find a new pizza avenue that offers taste and quality. Though London is very familiar for this company, it is essential to focus on some details so as to have a clear idea on present business scope and plans. To start with, the initial focus will be on London in general and then on the particular place in London that is better suited for the proposed business. London London, the capital city of United Kingdom, is the largest city in Europe with an area of 610 square miles and a population of 7.5 million as per 2005 census (Moving to London 1). Out of the total 33 districts and major cities in London, some important places are West End, East London, Central London, East End, South London, City of London, B
Quality management frameworks’ contribution to Emirates Airlines’ success With the intensified level of competition among organizations, quality has become a key management issue; and as a result, Total Quality Management (TQM) has become essential for many organizations that are pursuing sustainable competitive goals. Though introduced in the 1980s, the term had acquired a wide application by organizations by the end of 20th century. Even though the definition of this term is not easy, as there are multiple views as to what it means, there are some commonalities that result from various definitions. These include terms such as a customer and supplier relationships, top management support, and employee involvement (Ang et al., 2000). Emirates Airlines apply Total Quality Management (TQM) to pursue its organizational growth and success in both national and international markets. Observance of top quality performance through TQM has recently helped Emirates airline achieve an ISO 9001 certification. This is because the company follows processes and procedures that are strictly examined and it does not entertain mistakes in the implementation of its functions. The company has endeavored to expand its business with the aim of becoming a leader the Airline industry (Ame info.com 2007). To achieve such an accolade, Emirates airlines had espoused the tools of Quality Control Circle (QCC) and total quality management (TQM) as the foundation of its drive. Also, the company was driven by the consideration that people are the forces behind quality processes. Another exceptional strategy that Emirates has adopted is venturing into tourism and resort realm. This has been done through acquisitions and creation of scores of spas, resorts and focusing in quality controls – this has attracted a lot of admiration and also opened more business opportunities for the company. Besides, the company has capitalized on this opportunity by building a tourism business, which makes the company grow even further (Emirates Airlines n.d.). To achieve this, Emirates Airlines recognize that each activity and each person affects and is in turn affected by others. TQM is, therefore, chosen as a strategy to improve competiveness, by enhancing the effectiveness across all processes and functions (Ambroz 2004). Nevertheless, as industries expand, the competition continues to heighten while, at the same time, the need for quality improvement is becoming more critical. Businesses that operates in scores of countries across the world, upholds the principle of TQM to ensure sustainable growth and competitiveness in the market (Godfrey 1997). Emirates Airlines has taken several steps to achieve high market share and to face the market competition (Silver Associates Inc. n.d.). Quality control is the foundation stone of Emirates Airline’s basic accomplishment. This starts from
Businesses organisations expand as a result of hard work which involves ensuring that customers get satisfied and aggressive exploration of the market. Sometimes, old fashioned methods of marketing are used to increase sales. This approach is supported by many consultants and business experts. Although hard work is important for business growth, it is basically described as traditional wisdom. Both small and large business organisations can increase their growth through acquisitions. Goodman Fielder will enjoy many benefits of acquisitions in Asia as opposed to other entry modes. The first benefit that he will enjoy is easy integration. Rapid business growth is associated with numerous risks. This has been witnessed in some business organisations where rapid growth has caused their decline because they have been forced to do many things at the same time. Acquisitions will be beneficial to Goodman since they will provide enough procedures and systems to accommodate business growth. This will be done through the selling company that will provide the necessary facilities and human labour to ensure that the new business operates in a smooth manner. The second benefit that Goodman will enjoy from acquisitions in Asia is ability to deal with entry barriers. Entry into new markets is often associated with numerous challenges that limit business growth. In some extreme circumstances, businesses may even collapse completely. Acquisitions will enable him to use the resources of an existing organisation to stabilise his business. As a result, the risk of stiff competition from rival companies will be reduced. Without acquisitions, this will not be possible because of stiff competition (Gaughan 28). The third benefit of acquisitions in Asia that Goodman will enjoy is market power. Market is very important in any business establishment since it enhances its growth. Most business organisations fail due to lack of a strong market. Through acquisitions, Goodman will be able to establish a strong market presence in Asia. Consequently, this will enhance the rate of business growth. The market power will be strengthened by increased market share (Advantages and Disadvantages of Acquisition 3). In addition, there will be reduced competition due to capacity shut down. These are benefits that will only be achieved through acquisitions. The fourth benefit that Goodman will enjoy from acquisitions in Asia is financial gains. The aim of establishing any business venture in a particular region is to make profits. Without making profits and generating the required revenue, businesses do not perform well. Acquisitions will make it possible for a company whose share value will be l
Introduction To give the funder an opportunity to evaluate the project’s financial costs and understand whether the implementation of the project is real, the budget narrative is necessary. Its main aim is to present and justify the budget items that the project developers have proposed. Program Overview The program targets to decrease the drug abuse in parolees and probationers in the community Virginia Estates, Montgomery, AL. To implement the program successfully, at least one regular employee (adult education teacher) and one temporary employee (medical assistant) will be needed to assist in parolees’ rehabilitation. Salaries and benefits’ costs are expected to be the primary expenditures of the program since it relies on human resources more than on specific equipment. The program will decrease property and life insurance cost in Virginia Estates due to its impact on the crime rates. Program Objectives The program’s objective is to reduce drug abuse in probationers in Virginia Estates. The adult education teacher will spend two hours per day with four groups of probationers to increase their educational level. The medical assistant will spend 15 hours per week to present information and explain the participants the connection between drug abuse and health conditions/inability to rehabilitate. Other outside consultants (i.e. police officers) will provide instructions about short jail stays if the probationers are caught using drugs during their probation period. The program requires in-house printing and office supplies (paper, pens, notes, etc.) for drug test results, notifications, and lectures/lessons materials. Computer hardware and software, as well as peripheries (a printer), are also required. Administrative services are needed to manage payroll and benefits administration; temporary help services will be used in case of employees’ illness or vacation. Maintenance of facilities and construction will create a suitable environment for the learning process of probationers. Significant Line Items The average wage of an adult educator in Montgomery, AL is 22$ per hour. 40.000$ per year will be the adult education teacher’s salary: 20,8 x 40 h. = 832$ per week; 832 x 4 = 3 328 per month; 3 328 x 12 = 39 936. In the following year, the teacher’s wage will increase up to 22$ per hour: 22 x 40 h. = 880 per week; 880 x 4 = 3520 per month; 3520 x 12 = 42 240 (annual wage of the second year). In the third year, the teacher’s wage will be 23$ per hour: 23 x 40 = 920 per week; 920 x 4 = 3680 per month; 3680 x 12 = 44160 annually. The fund is thus able to cover additional benefits for the all-time employee. Medical assistants (as a temporary employee) wage per month will be 900$ (15$ x 15 h. per week), i.e. 108000 annually. An additional 16$ per month will be added in the second and the third year, resulting in an additional 200$ (approx.) annually. Life insurance and medical insurance are needed because the employees will work with probationers who might use drugs prior to the drug tests and therefore can pose a risk. Workers’ compensation insurance has
Definition of Law Law is the set of rules governing the conduct of people living in a society. These rules, which pertain to a complete legal system of a government and framed by a competent authority, are meant to run the affairs of a community smoothly. No society can be imagined to live cohesively if people are allowed to do just as they please and without regard for the rights of others. Also no society can be imagined to exist harmoniously if people are indifferent about their obligations toward one another. Therefore, law refers to both the rights as well as the responsibilities of a citizen. (O’Brien, n.p.) Branches of Law The two main branches of law are:  1. The Private Law, and  2. The Public Law. The private law relates to the obligations or responsibilities of people toward one another, while public law deals with the rights, which people enjoy as citizens of the society they live in. However both the above branches of law can be subdivided into many branches, which are sometimes so closely related that they appear to be overlapping each other. Some of the areas of Commercial and Contract Law , which are covered under the Private Law head include:  1. Credit purchases  2. Employment contracts  3. Guarantees  4. Insurance policies  5. Patents  6. Promissory notes  7. Sales contracts  8. Subscriptions Areas relating Corporation Law , which are also covered under the Private Law include:   * Corporate finance   * Documents of incorporation   * Mergers and acquisitions (Table – Branches of Law, n.p.) Business Laws – Introduction Business law refers to the body of law that governs trades and businesses. These commercial laws pertain to:  1. Business Laws and  2. Business Regulations Business Law section relates mostly to:  1. Regulating corporate contracts  2. Hiring practices, and  3. The manufacture and sales of consumer goods. It is further subdivided into following areas:  1. Consumer Credit Law  2. Consumer Protection Law  3. Contract Law  4. Employment Law  5. Environmental Law  6. Insurance & Liability  7. Intellectual Property Law  8. Tax Law  9. Tools & Resources Whereas the Business Regulations section deals with information that relates to government regulations. The business regulations are divided into two subdivisions; the Federal Regulations and the State Regulations. The Federal Regulations refer to:  1. Small business Laws and Regulations  2. Laws and regulations  3. Federal Register  4. Code of Federal Regulations  5. Federal Codes  6. Regulatory Alerts  7. Government Regulations  8. Regulations Email The State Regulations refer to:  1. The State Codes  2. Permits & Licenses (Business Laws & Regulations, n.p.) Bailment – Definition The term ‘ Bailment’ is defined as the delivery of personal goods on terms that the same goods will be returned to the owner (deliverer) as soon as the conditions of the bailment like time or usage, have either been performed or over and done. It is the bailer who de
Hospital expansion decision and its justification The decision to set up another hospital seems to have been based on the desire to expand and increase the profitability of the hospital system. It did not consider a number of environmental conditions regarding economic feasibility, community demand, and collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Hospitals are an essential part of the community, requiring interaction with local residents and businesses. It implies that a detailed survey could have been conducted to ensure that there was a demand for a multispecialty hospital. The ophthalmology specialization may have experienced success due to the quality of care which attracted visitors from outside the immediate area. Meanwhile, a multispecialty facility is focused on addressing the healthcare needs of the community. It would have been competent decision to analyze demographics, behavior trends, and public health to determine the demand for a new building. Demand drives patient visits which translates to occupancy rates that help cover operation costs. If there is a lack of initial demand, there is no economic feasibility. Furthermore, a considerable effort of increasing demand is establishing brand outreach into the community. Stakeholders include the public, health care providers, and non-government organizations. An effective opening of a hospital should provide cohesive communication with an emphasis on various community stakeholders and their role in the enterprise (“10 steps to a better hospital opening,” 2015). It creates strategic leverage for the brand with a public identity which engages the community and can lead to increased visitation rates. Other ways of improving design and finances Modern hospital design has been linked to improved patient experience. Therefore, updated infrastructure should respond to demands of more outpatient facilities, improved sustainability, and patient safety. This goes beyond pleasing aesthetics but focuses on the importance of design in improved patient outcomes. The patient experience matters and design has a tremendous impact on satisfaction (Wynn, 2017). When constructing facilities, it is important to encompass two elements of design which improve operational costs: sustainability to reduce energy expenses and operational factors that improve efficiency which lowers staffing expenses. In the end, incorporating relatively minor design elements can provide significant returns on investment (Brimmer, 2013). In this scenario, using in-house engineers was a poor decision. For such large infrastructure projects, the design should be carefully planned and evaluated by specialized professionals (particularly with sustainability aspects). The outsourcing of construction by the in-house engineers should have been done through careful oversight and potentially a tender process to evaluate proposals. Finances can be improved through an optimized revenue cycle management. Information system
Introduction Globally, the hierarchical leadership model was a prevalent form of leadership, but today it is being faced out by the partnership styles. The partnership makes people who are involved to value other’s ideas and performance power. Today’s leaders are using the power of influence as opposed to earlier styles of influencing performances through the power of command or control. Leadership was never relinquished when directors changed from the earlier hierarchical styles to modern influential styles. The influence of performances enables leaders to have power over other’s actions even outside the work setting. The partnership is an ability to form mergers among industries or business communities. A good example of a successful partnership facilitator is the worldbid.com, which forms a link between firms up to the international market levels. Corresponding to (Laury, 2009) the current interconnections between global environments indicates that ideal leaders ought to be skilled at enhancing partnership among global leaders and firms. Enhancing Trust among Partners Trust is established when the involved parties have fair treatment of each other as development associates and not potential competitors. They should thus share knowledge openly in an honest manner. Broken trust leads to competition, which in turn causes breaking down of collaborative ideas and exploitation of resources. Trust requires partners to have common goals, the ability to share resources and proficiency in utilizing time to build business understandings. According to Goldsmith (2003), the partnership is supposed to be a forum that enhances a natural style of sharing knowledge, talents or ideas. Trust is built through having forums that develop finding and sharing of ideas or talents. Trust also calls for respect for other’s thoughts or confidence to act by choosing keenly the information that requires sharing or deliberation. The open form of communication fosters trust since more informed persons have specialties in various functional areas. The innovative and open form of communication also fosters the partner leadership style since it is a way of encouraging participation through the delivery of feedback and positive dialogue. In line with Birkin (2000), being positive denotes avoiding unhelpful comments and considering other’s opinions as constructive and honest proposals. Relationships across companies or organizations have become very essential due to the complexity of work environments and technological advancement. It has become essential to have a cross-functional form of interaction as opposed to the traditional hierarchical way of management, which forces people to collaborate. Failure to implement a partnership form of management is attributable to the decreased loyalty from employees. Employees work on assumptions that they can face instant layoffs, job restructures or downsizing implicated to poor economies and thus the lack of assured job security makes them restrict their loyalty. Current and future leaders are thus focusing on creating a win-win situation for the employees by being sensitive to their requests so tha
Introduction The modern day business environment is characterized by aggression and excessive competition. To retain profitability and relevance in the competitive arena, an organization has to exhibit innovation and enhance performance among its employees (Malhotra, 2000). Any organization aims at increasing profitability, increasing growth and innovation and introducing new values and culture. To achieve this, leaders in an organization need to cultivate in their employees a culture of competitive performance and productivity (Christensen & Raynor, 2003). This is achieved through a well cultivated set of organizational behavior. Organizational behavior generally refers to the actions of people, individuals and groups in an organization. Johns (1996, p.6) defines organizational behavior as the study of “attitudes and behavior of individuals and groups in organizations”. It may include organizational culture, communication, diversity, organizational learning, and organizational effectiveness and efficiency. An understanding of these actions of individuals within an organization is an important aspect in management because it provides the tools needed to develop an effective leadership guide. Organizational success depends on its people and the core of any organization is its personnel (Metcalfe, Metcalfe, 2001). This paper sets out to critically evaluate the relevance of organizational behavior as a management perspective. It explores the importance of interpersonal relations and facilitation of groups and leaderships in improving the organizational performance. Importance of interpersonal relations Interpersonal relations within employees A well rounded employee needs to have two types of skills by which they operate with in an organizational setting. On one hand, there are those hard skills that deal with the functional and technical aspects of the job like computer knowledge, financial analysts and filling. On the other hand are soft skills that deal with the social aspects of the job such as communication, teamwork, leadership and problem solving. These two types of skills work synergistically to come up with the overall culture in an organization (Metcalfe, Metcalfe, 2001). Despite the amount of time that employees spend on projects, they are very independent people, who spend very little time outside of the workplace together (Jenster & Hussey, 2001). Some employees are pedantic perfectionists, who like putting maximum amount of effort in their work and do things their way. Such people mostly have laid back personalities and have low tolerance for overly interference with their way of doing things. On the other h