ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Big business plans, which MNEs implement to preserve aggressiveness, are meant to be coming up in concurrence with their human resource branches (Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall, 1988: Schuler and MacMillan. 1984; Tichy, Fombrun and Devanna. 1982).Multinational enterprises operate in more than 25 countries globally and most of them have experienced a steadily rising growth over the last decade. The 25 MNEs at the apex of the triangle had sales within the range of US$ 55 to US$ 175 billion in the year of 1994 alone. Most of these giant MNEs are now changing the flow of their production operations and sales and channeling them nearer to their global markets which are already widespread. Therefore, their local sales-sales within the country in which they are based- are much lower in comparison to their sales in the international market. A good example of such an MNE is IBM. It can be proven that this theory holds water considering their large shares of corporate profit. A major upshot to the placement of manufacturing operations and sales outside the mother nation is that expatriates are given obligations within the realm of vital positions in global entities. In the past times, the home nation was the pilot of such activities and the flow came from them to the multiparty business enterprises and international contributors. To illustrate this, decades ago there was one MNE that had exceeded the 40,000 mark in terms of administrators and members of staff at the same point in time. Conversely, rising figures of MNEs are engaging in intra section relocations so as to develop professions plus additional functions or they are utilizing nationals from the a third state as personnel in foreign subsidiaries, or are transferring important personnel from their alien activities (inpatriates) aboard to the main ship which in this case is their company headquarters (Peterson, Sargent, Napier & Shim, 1996). Any international enterprise has to take the staffing process seriously. This is because any global issue has to be caused by people or will ultimately be solved by people. Thus, for international corporate growth, it is mandatory to have the right personnel at the right location and at the right moment in time. Expatriate malfunction is a common phenomenon, as th
Teen suicide is the act of a teenager killing himself. Suicide has been said to be “the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24-year-olds and the sixth leading cause of death for 5-14-year-olds.” For young people, suicide continues to be a major problem as thousands of teenagers in the U.S. commit suicide each year.Often, teenagers experience a strong feeling of confusion, stress, self-doubt, financial uncertainty, and other forms of fear as they grow up. For some teens, suicide usually appears to be a good solution to their stress and problems. Depression and these suicidal feelings are, however treatable mental disorders (Woodwards, 2004, p. 45). Currently, one out of every ten teens contemplates suicide, and almost half a million teenagers attempt suicide each year. It has also been noted that suicide has now become the third leading cause of death in high school students. The United States recorded a high rate of 3 971 suicide in 2001 among young people between the ages 15-24.There were also over 132 000 suicide attempts in 2002. High school risk groups have been found out to be those adolescents who have been or are in youth detention centers, those who have physical or mental disabilities or disorders, those who would have experienced a life-changing event recently such as blindness, those with conduct disorder, or the minority indigenous adolescents ( Woodswards 2004, p. 48). It has also been found out that male adolescents commit suicide at a five time’s higher rate than their female counterparts. This has been attributed to the fact that the method that is often used by males is that of firearms having a 78-90% fatality chance. Females are, however, noted to use different methods such as ingesting poison.Suicide rates have also been found out to vary in terms of ethnicities due to cultural differences. White Americans accounted for 84% of all suicides in 1998, while that of Native Americans was 19.3% per 100 000 which was quite higher than the overall rate. The suicide rate for African Americans has been noted to increase more than twic
Introduction There is a great reduction on fire deaths in the last 10 years. The government has come up with different solutions to curb fire impacts and fire control measures. Government has empowered departments concerned with fire fighting agencies shaping code formulation and enforcement of the formulated policies. United States has recorded a significant decrease in the number of fires that has occurred between 1997 and 2009 from 3.2 million to almost 1.6 million. Civilian fire has followed suit and decrease by more than 50 percent. Fires in different places such as skyscrapers buildings, atrium buildings, nursing homes as well as fires experienced in assembly places. These fires have brought substantial impact on fire services requiring the need to rewrite the fire codes. Different fires have brought considerable changes in fire codes. Such fires include. The world Trade Centre Fire This fire resulted as a result of terror attack on 11 September 2001. This fire led to death of 2752 people and damage to millions of property. It resulted in much scrutiny in high-rise buildings. Building owners and fire fighting agencies realized that these buildings have become a target of terrorists. This makes it worth to design New National Fire Prevention Association codes that can curb any fire challenge, which may be experienced in the future. Notable changes incorporated after this fire is the use of elevators as a means of evacuation. NFPA Annex B recognizes the use of elevators as a fast and efficient way to evacuate people incase a fire catch up. The code stress on the importance of installing elevators, which are capable of withstanding fire without being damaged. This is argued that will make elevators to continue evacuating people for long hours in the fire, which is believed, will reduce the fatality rate. New codes include provisions to ensure sprinklers do not jet water in the hoist ways. This is agreed to avoid contamination of hoist way a thing that may bring problems in the evacuation process. The provision in new code have highlighted a curbed ramp to ensure no water is found in the hoist way. There are also provisions meant to keep off smoke in the hoist way and elevator lobbies. New codes also states that the stairways should be wide enough to ensure the number of people leaving flaming building is large enough. This is crucial as it will prevent stampede which mostly results to death of those leaving the premise. Widened stairways will provide enough space to fire fighting personnel to enter the build
Dell is known for its innovative model of customized production (Holzner, 2006). In this model, a customer provides specifications of the kind of computer he or she wants and then the company tailors or configures production as per the order. Therefore, there was no effort at standardization but rather building capacity to respond to customer desires, needs and interests (Holzner, 2006). The production process was informed by market dictates and individual customer preferences or desires. Therefore, critical in the Dell design and supply model is being able to read customer needs and desires correctly (Holzner, 2006). Failure to capture customer needs or changing preferences and the model does not work. To supply the computers, Dell unlike traditional distribution sought to eliminate all intermediaries thus being able to deal with the market directly (Holzner, 2006). To be able to deal with customers directly, production had to be decentralized thus; the company seeks to do the manufacturing close to the clients. And given the products are customized to customer needs and preferences, for efficiency purposes, Dell has deployed just in time mode of production, which translates into lowering of costs related to storage or inventory management. This is very critical because it helps an organization to avoid all sorts of losses associated with parts breaking, depreciation and general wear and tear. To deal with widespread customers and be able to configure products to their taste, Dell engages strategic partners (Holzner, 2006). While it does the general manufacturing process, the machine is configured within the proximity of the customer to take into account the needs of the individual customer. The internet portal plays a critical role in enabling Dell deal directly with customers (Holzner, 2006). Further, through direct sales personnel or personal selling, Dell has been a model company in supply chain management. Adoption of Dell Model in Auto-Industry The auto-industry has largely been dominated by Fordism or Toyota model of production (Knights & Willmott, 2006). Fordism is anchored on traditional management theories or the scientific management theories advanced by Fredric Taylor, Henri Fayol and others(Knights & Willmott, 2006). Focus is on specialization, standardization, mass production and output based compensation (Knights & Willmott, 2006). The Toyota model applied in auto industry employs the concept of batch production, which leads to more variations in models produced. If the auto industry were to take on the Dell Model, it would mean that focus becomes customization rather than standardization. Secondly, the industry players would have to decentralize much of motor assembly and related configuration. Moreover, production would have to be backed by customer needs surveys rather than just producing a ba
Introduction Every person makes decisions that influence further life and choices made. While choosing an occupation, an individual might experience certain stress and take into account a number of factors or evaluative criteria (hereinafter used in the text to identify the factors influencing the occupational choices of people with different background, ethnicity, and family income as well as personal motives). In this respect, it is necessary to consider the most common evaluation criteria to analyse the occupational choices for three individuals with regard to their own gender, age, ethnicity, and education. For instance, “Holland’s theory states that vocational interests are an important expression of personality, and can be used to meaningfully categorise people and work environments” (Barrick, Mount and Gupta 2003, p. 47). This means that each person can be interested in more than one occupation due to the analysis of preferences and personal traits that are in turn grounded on background, experience, education, ethnicity, gender, and other peculiar features. The list presented below suggests six potential occupations that can be considered similar in terms of certain aspects but have significant number of differences so that people with different occupational interests can choose the one applicable to their preferences. Veterinarian, dentist, journalist, sales manager, teacher, and social worker are the occupations for analysis. As personal traits mean a lot for choice of the profession, many people experience difficulties due to more than one interest concerning the occupational applicability. So, we shall investigate on the peculiarities of occupational choices for people of different age, ethnicity, and gender as well as personal traits that influence the occupational choices and value of certain criteria. The evaluation criteria will include income, social status, working hours, job security, risk or challenge, and variety. Decision Matrix                      Potential occupations Evaluation criteria  Veterinarian           Dentist  Journalist  Sales manager  Teacher  Social worker Income                                                                                                 Social status                                                                                          Working hours                                                                                          Job security                                                                                           Risk/challenge                                                                                         Variety                                                                                                 The table presented above suggests a list of potential occupations for assessment and a number of evaluation criteria to measure the satisfaction and commitment as they are associated wit
Abstract Nowadays, people are increasing the relevance of the information they are exposed to through integrating almost all media practices to their daily routines, be it at work or social life. This research paper analyses how people are rapidly adopting new media technologies in their everyday lives. The aim of the research is to carefully investigate individual practices in comparison to their engagement with new varieties of media technologies within a domestic environment. Also the paper analyses the rapid adoption of such new technologies and its impact on individuals in terms of its implication to the transformation of the geography of one’s own everyday life. The paper deeper focuses on how web 2.0 applications, such as social networks have turned into marketplaces for almost all products and services. Introduction Internet-based media technologies are the most common type of new media technologies that are rapidly being implemented by different individuals and apparently changing almost every practical type of application from business, leisure and people’s communication processes how they interact socially with each other. As we increasingly witness the emergence of new technologies, understanding how individuals get to be drawn to these technologies to an extent of using the technologies in their everyday lives becomes an important factor while trying to find answers of how and why individuals are turning to technologies and incorporating them as part of their lives. As internet accessibility grows, more and more people are relying on the internet as an essential tool for their everyday activities, such as communication, knowledge leisure, commercial transactions and consequently they use it to improve their lives. Since the introduction and expansion of social networks, most entrepreneurs and agencies have adopted and embraced online media as many online marketers are using social media to reach their target customers (Amazon 2005, 12). Debra Levista, our case study in this paper, shares the experience of using new media technology to one’s own advantage. Literature review According to Breakenridge (2008, 337), the term new media technology defines the “several forms of evolving presentations that make use of technology and interactivity”. There are several components that are associated with new media. First compo
The majority of the Jews living the United States of America immigrated from Eastern and Central Europe though a small number of them came from North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia. On the other hand, Roman Catholic Population in America increased in the 1840’s when the Irish Catholics Immigrated into America following the famous devastating potato famine. Since then, the population of both the Jews and Roman Catholics has been on the rise though the reasons behind their movements are very diverse and unrelated. Most Catholics moved out of their native countries in the face of agrarian revolution and industrialization which saw the invention and use farm machines to replace manual labor in most parts of Europe. Most peasants’ farmers were displaced from their farms to pave way for emerging industries and urban centers. As a result of this displacement, peasants migrated to work in the states of America which were prospering economically. This was the major cause of their migration save the famous Irish potato famine of the 1840’s. (Peter, 2001). The Jews however found themselves in America as they escaped the heinous persecutions which they faced in Eastern Europe. They were being persecuted because their religious beliefs were described as being indifferent and incompatible with the other religious. This was primarily because of their monotheistic culture of worship which restricted them to the worship of one God only. Other religions by then were advocating the worship of many gods which was un acceptable in the Jewish tradition of worship. The experiences and challenges of starting a new life in America were very different for both the Catholics and the Jews primarily because of their different social cultural and social economic disparities. In addition both found themselves settling in a land which was predominantly protestant in its institutions, politics and culture. To begin with the Jews initially experienced problems as they attempted to assimilate and integrate with American culture. They began by building many networked synagogues to bind them together even us the struggled to maintain their religious orientations. After this establishment, some of the American Jews participated in the World War II which promoted interaction and intermarriages in the American Community. Politically, the Jews were socialists who lived in well groomed communities which advocated communal ownership of properties and co-operation in community work. They thus encountered challenges as they attempted to integrate with the capitalistic economy in America. They had to compromise their civil rights so as to fit in the socio-economy of their new settlement. This adjustment was a challenge to them and eventually they pooled to the wing of democrats. (Peter, 2001). Their struggle against social prejudice cannot escape out attention. The Jews were monogamous in nature, a belief of one husband-one wife case. On the other hand the Americans were po
Situation Stroke is a serious condition that is associated with a high mortality rate. The main determinant of a patient’s successful recovery from stroke is a timely response to the condition, where the early referral to a specialist significantly reduces mortality and dependence (Watkins et al. 1). Currently, the majority of stroke patients enter the system through Emergency Medical Services (EMS), with Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) evaluating the condition of patients and deciding on the level of health risks involved using an Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS) (Watkins et al. 1). Thus, the patients’ outcomes ultimately depend on the judgment made by EMDs. Unfortunately, the dispatchers in the UK do not receive specialist medical training, which makes stroke identification a much less reliable process. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that correct identification of stroke is a complicated procedure that ends in misclassification in more than 50% of instances (Watkins et al. 1). As a result, a scenario is possible where a high-priority ambulance is not dispatched on time, decreasing the patient’s chances of receiving timely professional care and leading to adverse health consequences. It is thus crucial to explore possible solutions for the issue and assess their validity prior to their practical implementation. One such approach is the introduction of a training program that would be focused on stroke identification and would have a low entry barrier for the employees with no prior special training. Therefore, the case is an evaluation with a well-defined decision requiring a thorough assessment (Ellet 11). Questions The issue requiring evaluation is a solution to the insufficient stroke identification rate in the form of the online stroke-specific training package. The team responsible for the evaluation is a group of researchers on behalf of the ESCORTT group – an organization responsible for the effectiveness of telephone triage in emergency stroke cases (Watkins et al. 1). The evaluation is important for two reasons. From the patient’s perspective, the effectiveness of the proposed solution would decrease the risks of high mortality and disabilities associated with stroke. From the healthcare provider’s perspective, the benefits are twofold: the evaluation would ensure that the resources for intervention’s implementation are allocated properly, and outline the scope of the probable improvement. In simple terms, the efficiency of the department is at stake in the evaluation. The most evident possible criteria are the increased rate of appropriate stroke identification and, by extension, improved patient outcomes. While these criteria are not explicitly iden
In the article called Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe, Melvin Oliver focuses on the side effects of the sub-prime mortgage system for African-Americans, including other minority groups and low-income populations. Specifically, this target population has received the highest ratio of loans due to their low social status, which also signified the problem of the wealth gap predetermined by racial indicators. By introducing the challenges of the financial crisis, Oliver makes use of the mortgage breakdown as an indicator of racial inequality in the United States, which has increased significantly within the last two decades. Currently, the African American population experiences discriminative policies and racial segregation in terms of the opportunities to accumulate human capital. Further, the article explores historical and social determinants of a sub-prime meltdown to explain the relationship between the need of the African American population in accumulating wealth in a much higher amount, as compared to American families whose requirements were much lower. The sharp contrast between these two groups undermines the domestic economy introduced by the U.S government. At the end of the article, the author takes a closer look at racial targeting as the major reasons for the tangible wealth gap between the presented groups. Relying solely on house families, most African American families were in the pursuit of the American Dream. However, these attempts resulted in failure due to the inconsistencies in governmental policies. Focusing on bad loan policies as the main consequences of the crisis explains why lower-income co