ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Vodafone Limited (1) suggested that the company is the first mobile operator of the UK, which started its journey in 1985; however, for its innovation, investment and appreciated customer service, the company has turned into the number one mobile operator in Europe and the rest of the world. In 2010, the company gained the ‘Best Network’ award in the UK, providing one million satisfactory business solutions, connecting mobile and landline numbers, launching Vodafone VIP, Apple iPhone, 400 retails store, World of Difference programs, and service agreement with Twitter, and Secure Remote Access for the customers globally. However, this report will discuss the affect of environmental variables on Vodafone, positioning strategies, competitive advantage, the marketing mix, timing and mode of entry and so on. Affect of Environmental Variables on Vodafone Economic Factors It is important to note that the KSA consists of a prosperous oil- based economy with well-built administrative power in about seventeen percent of globe’s fuel assets, making approximately eighty percent of budget-revenues, forty-five percent of GDP, and ninety percent of export-profits; yet, it is extremely helpful for the international marketing activities of Vodafone to sustain in this market. This is because the government of the country is supporting the enlargement of private sector for expanding the market and creating more employment; in addition, as the expansion works are concentrating on power generation and telecommunications, Vodafone is greatly supported by the country’s authorities to conduct international marketing activities in a profitable way. Moreover, it is important to note that, as the people of Saudi Arabia are generally quite rich, with high-income levels and high purchasing powers, so while formulating the international marketing plans, the company is able to keep this in mind and structure the pricing strategy accordingly, in a profitable approach. it is essential to note that last year, the per- capita gross domestic product of the country was 25700 American dollars, buying capacity parity was more than 740 billion, and expansion- rate was about six percent; this indicates that this country is highly lucrative for any international business for allowing its operations to flourish in the global market (Indexmundi 1). However, the following figure gives more information Figure 1: GDP overview Source: Indexmundi (1) On the other hand, the key economic indicators of the country shows that on average, its government invests more than twenty- one percent of its gross domestic product and the budget surpassed about 12 percent in 2012; however, the inflation rates were less than five in the same year. Figure 2: Economic indicators Source: Indexmundi (1) Political Factors The political condition in this modern monarchy in Saudi Arabia is quite stable and instable conditions such as strikes, protests, political uprisings, and other for
The article “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent “Yes,” written by Jane Mansbridge, is aimed at discussing the feasibility of the demonstration of specific population groups’ problems by their respective members. More specifically, it addresses the accompanying challenges such as the failure to solve the issues, which are typical for these citizens, and their worsening relationships with others. They are considered through the lens of four contexts, which are group mistrust, uncrystallized interests, historical political subordination, and low de facto legitimacy. In other words, the inadequacy of communication within the community and the absence of essential knowledge on the issues, which are to be resolved, are directly connected to political affairs. They lead to an insufficient descriptive representation of the affected persons among officials and the lack of participation at the legislative level. In the end, the author concludes on the significance of their involvement in this area while claiming the benefits of the contextual approach. In contrast to other methods of evaluating the needs of minorities, it allows developing the initiatives to satisfy them.
Executive summary Tourism is best described when people take expeditions to exotic destinations as a leisure activity. Tourists interact with different cultures and surroundings through travelling. It is impossible to separate health from tourism because tourists are exposed to various risks when they interact with the environment. Adjusting to the varying time zones will affect the concentration levels of the tourist. Furthermore, an additional health challenges is the likelihood of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). During the tour period, the tourists tend to be less responsible. Health tourism is another element that portrays the association connecting tourism and health. The Asian countries are rising as potential medical tourist destinations because of their advancements in medical technology and knowledge. Consequently, it is fundamental to explain these issues and outline the significant relationship between tourism and health. Introduction Tourism is a
Introduction In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, unemployment rates had shot up thus making the term ‘unemployment’ popular and commonly used in the mid 1890s. This was after the industrial capitalism had spread it tentacles in England. Unemployment was soon replaced by pauperism, a term that dominated majority of the public debates in the nineteenth century. The obsession that surrounded the paupers has a long history, as it revolved on whether to separate the rich people who were regarded as the ‘deserving’ from the poor people who were regarded as the ‘undeserving’. In England the poverty issue was highlighted as a result of a debate on whether poor relief was essential or it only increased the levels of poverty. It was suggested that the best way of comprehending sentiments that revolved around poverty and the pauper was to look at the failed legislations, rather than the legislations that succeeded (Martin and Fitzgerald 170). Poverty in England in the late 19 th to early 20 th century The upper and middle classes that existed in England in early 19 th and 20 th century were different and distinctive from the low class, who were regarded to be paupers. The Upper and middle classes boasted that it was their responsibility to lead others rather than to be lead. This was further emphasized by the civilization they possessed, which they regarded as pre-eminent. On the other hand, Poverty levels were high despite the prosperity that was taking place in the middle and upper classes of the English society. The industrial as well a
Introduction Despite the current decrease in crime in the USA, gun crime stays unrelenting anxiety among lots of Americans. The worrying events at Columbine High School and Virginia Tech exemplify the dreads of gun aggression and help in the maintenance of gun crime and control near the pinnacle of officials’ programs. Clarifications to the “gun problem,” however, diverge considerably, fueled by ideological, legitimate, and ethical arguments. The strategy The development of the deterrence theory for preventing gun crimes started to be worked out since the first gun crime had been registered. Deterrence theory states that people are naturally coherent in the meaning that they can follow and compare the costs and profits related to various paths of behavior. Actions that, on balance, yield more costs than benefits will be evaded, whereas exploits offering more advantages than costs will be chased. According to this theory, lawful retributions should be originated for crimes so that they inflict costs for lawbreakers that just surpass the advantages resultant from their misconduct. Elements (tasks) of the strategy Strategies, which are usually elaborated, include four main elements:   * Gun carrying should be promoted as morally unacceptable.   * Tougher control for gun owners and heightened taxes for gun storage will also encounter the psychological moment.   * A person charged with a gun crime should be publically punished.   * Public lections and social advertisements should be held. Surveys Sanction celerity was deliberately using a single item that asked respondents to approximate how speedily they considered a criminal prosecution would take place for an individual who was jammed entrusting a gun crime. As with the confidence events, respondents were asked how likely the subsequent was to arise:   * A person caught committing a crime with a gun would be prosecuted quickly. Lastly, authorize harshness was calculated using two survey items which asked respondents to evaluate the likelihood of; criminals authorize being reduced via plea conformity and of a criminal getting a severe sentence:   * A prosecutor would allow a gun offender to plead guilty to a less serious offense to secure a conviction.   * A person convicted of a gun crime would receive a long prison sentence. According to the statistics, the offered strategies, which include the listed above principles, these strategies are rather efficient, as the violence rate had decreased greatly. Several theories of psychological crime preventing may be at work. Deterrence is one of them. If persons search to exploit utility by scheming the revenue and expenditure of entrusting a crime, then rising penalties connected with a crime should raise its cost and diminish the probability that a personality will choose to appoint in forbidden actions. If only deterrence w
Introduction The word ‘slang’ throughout many decades has witnessed changes with respect to various styles, subdialects, and colloquialisms. The late 1700s was the period in which ‘slang’ meaning was developed in the nineteenth century among the Southwest Americans (Lighter, 1996). Changes – have shaped the slang language and have been influenced by individuals, relationships, and different contexts and scenarios like work, home, play, etc. Often dependant upon various moods, the groups that have been most influenced and through which the word ‘slang’ has been influenced are the teenagers and the working group. If we analyze the usage of slang, we would find that being a ‘flexible’ language, the scope of slang is wide enough to be adjusted into various things. Its flexibility can be evaluated in various environments to which it is often changed when consumed. For example, in a personal relationship like the one used in between husband and wife communication, the words ‘honey’, ‘sweetie’ or ‘sweetheart’ are used. At work more formal language is required; therefore among colleagues, a particular slang that is molded in a casual context is spoken. Phrases such as ‘pain’, ‘pain in the neck, and ‘bingo’ are commonly used by American teenagers and prove the notion what Ellis (1999) conforms that teenagers’ skill over a range of styles and slang jargons indicates the extent to which they are conscious in understanding and control of these things (Ellis, 1999, p. 15). Ebonics: An example of ‘bad grammar’ and slang In a cultural context, an example of ‘official’ slang is the ‘Ebonics’. Ebonics grammar is the habitual use of the verb, as in ‘I will be going to church’, which means ‘I go habitually’. West African verbs have similar structures. A phonological example is a fact that consonants and consonant clusters are often not a part of the Ebonics syllable, for example, ‘I ‘on know’ for ‘I don’t know, or ‘aight’ for ‘all right’. Such rules include the avoidance of taboo words layovers from Southern apartheid such as ‘boy’, ‘you people’. Another such rule is the approval of using Ebonics in oral or casual situations but not in written or formal situations, such as in textbooks (Perry & Delpit, 1998, p. 72). Style and Flexibility When used as a vocabulary, slang is utilized in many aspects of style which again is dependant upon users’ culture, subcultures, and environment. When used in cliques, slang tends to develop its own vocabulary. In Washington DC, Milner (2004) mentions that he can still remember the group of
Algos (2010) defines advertising as an art of bringing goods to the attention of a customer. A good advertising incorporates elements of typography inspired by ideas, recognises the importance and value of message. Media requirements reveal significance of an advertisement to the reader and sluices information effortlessly and memorically into the reader’s mind. Heavily weighted in product and customer characteristics as well as target market size, advertising reveals the significant of a product to a potential client, selling the idea visibly, by image manipulation which induces the reader to take some action. Media requirements as dictated by advertising briefs also include factors such as time factors, creative dimension and aspects of the message, merchandise objective as well as legal and ethical considerations that relates to products such as alcohol. The medium used in this research will be advertisements using internet protocol due to the large number of households that have access to the internet, availability of products to choose from and how the availed products are used. The study linked the increased numbers of Internet shoppers over the years to be related to the increased access to internet use by many households and increased use of household products. The studies also recognized the increased numbers of household online buyers in the past few years to be linked to diversification of products and increased access. It was however concluded that online advertisers have provide a wide array of good and services for consumers to choose from as earlier experienced and has the ability to reach wider audiences including teenagers, stay at home parents and urban men. Conclusively, growth of e-consumers has been attributed to increased numbers of internet services and existing internet users. Despite increased usage and range of products for which internet purchases are required to chose from, growth in access is likely to slow if consumer buying behaviour is not carefully assessed (Lowe 2002, p.7). Radio advertising may not be a suitable advertising media since most advertis
The mention of the word ghost scares many people. Mention it and people will be at the verge of breaking their bones as they escape from something that they have not even seen. Ghosts can be defined as the spirits of the dead people that are said to appear to human beings (Ibsen 17). Today, many people believe that ghosts exist and they come to cause harm in the living world. Most of the people who hold this believe do claim that they have had encounters with ghosts and no one can dare convince them that they do not exist. There is no connection between the living and the dead and therefore these spirits cannot manifest themselves to people. The dead live in a different world from which human beings live and the two cannot be associated in any way apart from the fact that the dead were once living. Ghosts are said to make encounters with human beings in bodily form and that contradicts the fact that once the living die they cease to exist in bodily form. Most of the things that people believe in have been proven in one way or another. Scientists have tried to provide scientific prove of many issues but no one has ever scientifically proved that ghosts exist. This is something that has just been planted in people’s minds by various influencing factors. People cannot just believe in ghosts out of nothing; something should have driven them towards that (Buse and Andrew 21). Many factors have facilitated this and made the ghost presence in the living world look so real while in the real sense, there is nothing like that. Those who claim to have encountered ghosts cannot provide good evidence to support their argument; they want people to trust their bare words. Provision of evidence is the only thing that can pass a certain argument to be true. There is no connection between the living and the dead neither is there strong evidence to prove that ghosts do really manifest themselves to the living world in body forms; therefore, people should not believe in their existence. People commit various fallacies in their arguments that ghosts really exist. A fallacy can be defined as a mistake of reasoning whereby a person makes an argument based on something that is not true (Billings and White 25). One factor that has facilitated this is the ghost stories that have been told from generation to generation especially in childhood. Whoever has never heard of such stories like those of phantom armies should perhaps be old fashioned. Believe you me that as one listens to all mysterious actions of the ghosts in the stories, he or she is forming the same picture in the mind. Such an image is thus permanently printed in the mind and that will go on reminding him or her of the ghost. That will result to a series of such encounters with the ghosts but in dreams. By the end of it all, the whole issue will look so real and it will be so difficult to convince such a person that that does not happen in the real world. In real life, this people will definitely associate anything that can relate to such stories or d
Introduction A theory is normally referred to as a means of understanding a society and not a plan of action. This discussion will focus on the family as an institution in relation to the sociological theories of functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism. Functionalism is the mental processes related to the mind and the environment. The functionalism theory is based on science, government or religion. If the institution works well within its boundaries, it then fulfills its functional contribution to stability and growth of the society. The institutions have norms whereby those who follow the rules are rewarded and the violators are severely punished (Sergio, 2009). Interactionism occupies a unique part and position in the family as a basic unit of the society. The study of interactionism was first done in the early 1920s and 1930s where family studies was about to establish itself as a science. Symbolic interactionism propelled because of factors such that a family has a strong conceptual heritage from the beginning and theorists also played with the ideas in order to bring out the interactions of a family. Secondly the family occupies an honored place because of its strong research tradition. According to their monumental work Thomas, Znaniecki and Zaretsky (1996), symbolic interactions have played a genuine effort to ground their insights on the empirical world. Symbolic interactionism therefore becomes relevant because as they have recognized, though science may begin with ideas, it is the research that forms the strongest basis for knowing facts. Symbolic interactions are basically a frame of reference for explaining how human interacts with one another, creating symbolic worlds and how their symbolic worlds shape human behavior and interactions. In symbolic interactionism, there are unique traits to the family study. For instance, it emphasizes the fact that families are social groups and that individuals develop a concept of both the self and their identities through their social interactions which enable them to become independent while still attaching values to their family activities (Schaefer, 2009). Social theories and the family The socializing aspect of families and interactions between the groups and their identities attracts the attention of a symbolic interactionist to be interested in things like; what is the common process by which family members arrive at a more shared aspect of life such as goals, values and beliefs? How does geography, ethnicity, race, class, gender, time, and age relate to family groups? How do African families, for instance, differ from European families? What are the ways that family members communicate intimately? And what significance do they attach to their family interactions? Conflict theory states that society is usually on a constant internal conflict as different groups try to impose their will on others the focus the
Political implications of organ transplantation in the US and UK Organ transplantation has raised a number of issues in many governments and states in the world. This is because the practice involves human lives, and therefore, caution must be taken in order to respect human dignity. In many cases, people have been involved in the exercise out of their knowledge hence calling for governments’ intervention to save the situation. For instance, people have been cheated or enticed with monetary gifts to donate their body organs to other people. Politics have played key roles in transplantation of body organs both in United States of America and the United Kingdom. Political leaders have come out clearly to defend human rights through creating legislations for the practice (Shibles and Maier 63). This is important as people may be involved in human trafficking in order to kill and extract organs illegally. Therefore, governments have come up with rules that govern donation and transplantation of organs to safe guard other people. Politicians in these countries have taken advantage of the situation to gather support from people as they advocate for their needs. This means that leaders who support donation of organs seem to care about people’s lives. On the other hand, people love politicians who advocate for the rights of everyone hence considering them for bigger positions in the political arena. Border security issues in US Border security in United States has been contemplated by increase in organ transplantation in various states. This is due to the fact that United States advocates for human rights and dignity hence they prohibit any illegal practice that can be harmful to human beings. Wealthy patients pay a lot of money to get body organs if they fail to get free donations. This has seen many brokers venture in organ trade whereby they acquire organs from people in developing countries at low prices and take them to hospitals in United States of America for transplantation. This is very inhuman since selfish people take advantage of poverty in some countries to oppress the poor. The government of the United States of America together with law enforcers faces a lot of challenges in combatting the crime within their borders (Shelton and Balint 48). This means that the business is discouraged although people may succeed to sneak illegal organs into the country through other means. The government has to do everything within its reach to make sure that people do not have transplants from unknown destinations. This can be achieved by involving health practitioners in fighting the crime by making sure that organs are attained in an appropriate manner. Transnational public health issues Since people d
Three natives of India have been indicted for hacking and severely affecting online brokerage firms by various methods. Jaisankar Marimuthu, Chockalingam Ramanathan, and Thirugnanam Ramanathan have been accused of playing a fraudulent scheme online, which has led to substantial losses to firms. There has been a 23-count indictment, which includes “one count of conspiracy for the former two defendants each, eight counts of computer fraud, six counts of wire fraud, two counts of securities fraud, and six counts of aggravated identity theft. The third defendant has been charged with one count of conspiracy, two counts of computer fraud, and two counts of aggravated identity theft.” (Hackers from India, 2007) This has been the first case ever to be filed against an online intrusion scheme, in the United States. The hackers have collectively impinged 60 customers and nine brokerage firms in the USA and other places. Amongst these, one of them has suffered a loss of approximately $2 million. The US officials have filed petitions against these online hackers in Nebraska, af