ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution argues that we are related in some way because we come of a common ancestor (Darwin, 1959). Darwin explains in his theory that all forms of life, animals, birds, fishes, and plants, are related. One of the examples he gives to prove his theory is the existence of a tailbone in humans. Monkeys have tailbones, and the only reason why humans also have them is that humans and monkeys have common roots. But people must have evolved and lost their tails. He also explains that diversity among all forms of life is caused by evolution. Darwin’s theory involves three essential ideas. One of the ideas is that the species living on the earth undergo changes with the course of time which implies that the species that live today differ from those that were in the past. The other idea is that all living beings have a common origin, common ancestry. For instance, humans have common roots with the apes, and the whales are similarly related to the kangaroos. The last idea is that evolutionary change is a slow and steady process. By the way, Darwin explains that natural selection contributes to the diversity among living beings. Natural selection is responsible for the preservation of valuable genetic mutations. It ensures that undesirable characteristics in a given species are eliminated living only the desirable traits (Reece et al, 2010). Thus, the natural selection gets rid of the inferior species steadily in a similar way over some time.
Canada has been characterized by a political dissension for a long time. This has been in practice through various movements that have taken place from the liberalism to conservatism, through socialism of various social movements. Feminists as presented in this discussion means the group of women who view discrimination as often a cause of inequalities, and as the major participant in the current political systems. In the fight against inequalities in Canada, women have therefore found their way into the political system. Through the struggles that Canadian women face in politics, there is clear evidence that extra efforts have to be invested. Radical feminists in Canada have at the same time rejected the already existing authority structures, therefore the term. Consequently, the term politics is however broad in its definition by the fact that it goes beyond the political gatherings and parties and the law making structure. The following discussion is therefore inclusive of the feminist power as well as structure and power in Canada. Although politics in Canada have been known to be male dominated, women have on the other hand not been left behind on the same. Thesis Statement The Feminist’s struggles are apparent in Canada, although there are hindrances that have to be overcome for women to be adequately represented in the social-political world. Politics appears to be one of the remedies to achieve social change and improve gender parity in the nation. Radical feminist standardized norms have found their way into the state politics, while they are under the umbrella of different coalition organizations in Canada. These include the NAC, and the Action Group that are composed of women (Andrew and Tremblay 22). However, there have been arguments which have always opposed the women movements but radical, social and liberal feminist have stood on the ground arguing that if there is any societal change to be achieved in Canada, then there should first be an occurrence of change in the way of living as well as the way of reason. This paper will examine the issue of women underrepresentation in relation to the Canadian politics, the challenges and the necessary measures that have to be put to place to achieve gender parity in the political arena. The Political Marginalization of Women Although women compose almost fifty percent of the entire Canadian population, their representation in office is marginalized with just twenty percent of legislators, twenty five percent cabinet ministers and not more than ten percent of the party officials. This makes it certa
Abstract This paper will discuss the goals and benefits of innovative teaching methods in primary schools. This topic is an essential one in modern society because children have to develop along with the world’s newest technologies. Also, learning programs and psychological approaches must be considered in this discussion, as the use of multimedia without a proper understanding of it is pointless for young people who cannot appropriately analyze what they see. Moreover, this paper will analyze innovative schools as potential business projects, as this type of education still must be popularized in various countries. The final results of the research that will be presented in this proposal will show whether the model of Finnish education is beneficial only for local children or it can be successfully adopted by teachers from other parts of the world. Since the ideology of primary schools in Finland is different from that of many other countries, some strategies implemented in the Scandinavian country might be inefficient for representatives of other nations. Introduction As in every other sphere, education is developing rapidly and opening new opportunities for schoolchildren. Nowadays, many European educational institutions (to be specific, the school of Lauttasaari in Helsinki, Finland will be discussed in the given proposal as its workers implement all of the innovations described below) are using unique methods and learning programs in their daily activities. With the help of various multimedia resources, there are more possibilities to make students interested in a certain subject or demonstrate aspects of it to them in more detail. Innovative teaching methods do not only refer to the technological part used in class. A psychological approach and an analysis of children’s behavior and perception of the information they receive are also important for discussing this work. It appears that some educational methodologies have a tremendous impact on the development of students. The following text is intended to present a research proposal with information about new methods, and learning programs that teachers use in Lauttasaari to understand whether the considered system can be implemented in schools all over the world or it is centered specifically on children in Finland. Definition of the Research Problem In this paper, innovative teaching methods imply both digital devices used in Finnish schools to help children grasp all the information presented during their lessons better and various pedagogical or even psychological techniques that local educators use to make children interested in t
In every economy, workers play a pivotal role in promoting its wellbeing. The more productive the workers, the better will be the economy. However, employees need motivation in order to maintain a high level of performance. One way through which this can be done is through compensation. General Overview Compensation is the reward to employees for the amount of work they have done in a specific time period. In the modern world, people’s view on employee compensation has significantly changed. In the olden days, people were more concerned about the wages with less attention given to the working conditions. This is despite of the significant impact the working environment can have on the overall performance of employees. No much attention was paid in an effort to motivate employees. In fact, employees were viewed like any other instrument in the organization, which can easily be replaced. In other words, employees were not valued. With time, the situation has completely changed. Employees are more concerned about the working environment which has forced the employers as well as the government to act accordingly. These changes were triggered by increased cases of strikes, violence, labor disputes and work slow down. Consequently, this has forced employers and other concerned parties to put more emphasis on the issue of employee compensation. Discussion There have been various attempts to ensure fair compensation for employees. The government has implemented several acts all of which are aimed at preventing exploitation of employees by their employers. One of these acts is the Fair Labor and Standards Act of 1938. This act seeks to address the issues relating to compensation, unfair or long working hours and unfavorable working conditions (Whittaker, 2003). The United States department of labor is obliged with the duties of enforcing this act. The act is also related with the minimum wage. The minimum wage applies for all those who are covered and nonexempt workers (Anonymous. 2008). The main aim of the minimum wage is to ensure that employees get just compensation. On the other hand, overtime regulation ensures th
Martin Luther on Law and the Gospel Martin Luther was born on November 10 th , 1483 in today east Germany (Reilly 402). He was a professor, pastor, and church reformer. He valued theology based on Jesus Christ’s works on earth instead of focusing on human works. Lutheran foundations can be traced even to present-day Christians, especially the Protestants. This is a considerable amount of time to sustain a religion given that Luther himself began the Protestant Reformation on October 31, 1517 (Reilly 421). During his lifetime, Luther constantly attacked the Church’s sale of indulgences. According to Luther, the law and the gospel are the two channels through which God communicates to us. However, it should be noted that these are two different entities. He goes further to distinguish the two, in that; the law prevails in humanity in form of God’s commandments. These commandments promote the existence and survival of mankind by limiting humanity’s evil and conflict. Luther further elaborates that the human conscience is in place to check if an individual has indeed followed the law. The law convicts mankind of their sins and in the process driving them to the gospel. As the law limits humanity’s actions and evil, it is not God’s guaranteed way of salvation. According to
Changes in the Sexual Function The long-lasting duration of pregnancy might lead to discomfort of the habitual aspects of everyday life, particularly in the sexual life of parents expecting a child. Hence, it is essential to examine the most common questions and concerns related to sexual activity during pregnancy to be fully aware of the possible outcomes and solutions. Many couples demonstrate the unpreparedness to sexual problems and changes during this period. According to Gałązka et al. (2015), changes regarding the appearance of the pregnant woman might influence her perception of pregnancy and sexuality, which results in decreased sexual functioning. There is a lower yet significant output concerning the rejection of one’s appearance, or a negative self-perception of the body was a cause of sexual abstinence during pregnancy. Besides, such a change in sexual life is also caused by the common concern for the baby’s well-being, as well as the damaging impact on the fetus. A general “tendency toward a decline in the sexual intercourse”, particularly in the third trimester, was noted (Gałązka et al., 2015, p. 453). Sexual Distress Sexual distress is a common issue during pregnancy because of its unique characteristics and is directly linked with the decrease in sexual functioning. As describe by Vannier and Rosen (2017), pregnant women reported difficulties with the alignment of changing sexual and maternal facets of their self-identity. These changes might transform into feelings of “guilt, frustration, worry, and embarrassment” concerning their sexuality, which may lead to decreased sexual and relationship satisfaction (Vannier and Rosen, 2017, p. 392). The increased exposure to distress might affect those who are unprepared to experience these changes. The sexual distress, in general, is connected with decreased sexual and relationship satisfaction. Fears of the Sexual Activity and Relationship Well-Being Following the ideas of Beveridge, Vannier, and Rosen (2017), the sexual and relationship well-being during the pregnancy is more connected with the physical and hormonal well-being of a pregnant woman. Furthermore, this may be related to the pregnancy-related changes in “physical appearance, nausea, and fatigue” (Vannier, and Rosen, 2017, p. 142). Considering a close interrelation of relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction, the outcomes of such changes might affect women’s relationship satisfaction. Amongst other reasons for sexual abstinence, the higher need for sleep, feeling unattractive, or painful experiences are as well critical factors. Psychological and Physiological Aspects The psychological factor and physiological changes during pregnancy are strongly intertwined with the sexual function of the pregnant woman. As for the early period of the pregnancy, when the body is adapting to new conditions, it is still important to maintai
Introduction The concept of the wilderness has only been an issue of contention or debate for a little over two centuries according to some of our more modern writers. Before this period, it was considered a place of evil to be feared. This concept began to change as the processes of industrialization began taming the wilderness and making it safe for short-term visitors. These visitors, proponents of the Romantic ideology, saw in nature a reflection of the God they thought had abandoned them in the face of mechanization. However, not everyone saw it in the same way, particularly from one side of the ocean in the relatively more tamed environment of Europe to the other side of the ocean in the as yet to be explored empty stretches of the American continent. One writer who explored the meaning of the wilderness going into the 20 th century and the modern period was Frederick Jackson Turner. This writer was fascinated by the implications for nation-building he saw as arising from the question of wilderness and what it meant for the people who entered it. It was the Great West, he argues, more than the growing East that shaped the American nation we know today. As revealed in the first chapter of his book The Frontier in American History, Turner sees the frontier as the defining principle of the American spirit in the way that it offered true freedom, encouraged individualism and survivalism to a much greater extent than in the old world and forced rapid social development ideas that William Cronan calls into question. Freedom and Possibility One of the first concepts that Turner equates with the wilderness is the concept that it represented an irresistible promise for freedom and possibility. Cronon points to Turner for the association of the wilderness with the foundational elements of true American identity. “Built into the frontier myth from its very beginning was the notion that this crucible of American identity was temporary and would pass away. Those who have celebrated the frontier have almost always looked backward as they did so, mourning an older, simpler, truer world that is about to disappear, forever. That world and all of its attractions, Turner said, depended on free land—on wilderness” (Cronon, 23). This in itself represented a shift from the constrained and containable populations Europe and enabled a new discovery of self unequaled elsewhere. “This perennia
Introduction Sugar is an indispensable part of everyday life for the majority of the world population. People consume sugar eating sweets, chocolates, and cakes, drinking carbonated beverages, tea, and coffee. Human society is so accustomed to sugar that even language reflects a positive attitude towards this crystalline carbohydrate. Nevertheless, people rarely think at what price they enjoy candies and sweet tea. To reduce costs of human resources, sugar manufacturers exploit child labor on sugarcane plantations paying little money to their young workers. Children and adolescents have to work hard full day what inevitably affects their physical and mental health. The purpose of this paper is to analyze three articles about the unethical use of child labor by the manufacturers of sugar. Life not Sweet: Article by Lah The article Life not Sweet for Philippines’ Sugar Cane Child Workers by Kyung Lah was posted on edition.cnn.com on May 2, 2012. The author gives a broad overview of child labor as a common practice on sugarcane plantations in the Philippines. Even seven-year-old children can work full day under the blazing sun. At this age, they withdraw weeds from sugarcane rows. According to Lah, “the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates 2.4 million child workers are in the Philippines” (4). More than half of these children and adolescents are occupied in dangerous conditions. Children leave schools and go to work because their families starve. They do not have time to learn at work, and they become too tired after the shift to study at home. This situation leads to a high percentage of the illiterate population in the Philippines and consequently creates obstacles for the development of the country in terms of culture and technologies. Qualified labor is undermined by the abundance of cheap human resources. The population of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines accepts the use of child labor without any concern. Families ask the owners of sugarcane plantations to give work to their children. The low level of life and the constant shortage of food are the primary reasons for this behavior. Parents see their children as
Economic development is an issue which is always carefully addressed by every country on the planet. Yet, as demonstrated by Marilyn Waring, economists do not take into consideration important factors when counting national economic activities. Waring shows how the imperfections of economics prevent society from progressing forward. The documentary “Who’s Counting? Marilyn Waring on Sex, Lies and Global Economics” provides the audience with an insight into how economics works. The primary aspect which was noteworthy for me is the existing problem in the economics field of women labor’s unproductivity. I agree with the perspective of Waring that it is unfair that women who work their entire lives do not become entitled to any social benefits because they do not generate any monetary value. Waring highlights the imperfection of economics, which is also noted by Raworth (2017), who demonstrates that instead of focusing on GDP growth, countries can achieve better human prosperity by setting clear goals. For instance, I learned that the arms trade is one of the biggest GDP growth drivers of many countries; therefore, the destruction of life is considered economically valuable (Nash, 1995). At the same time, arms are important for protecting the prosperity of nations. Waring presents an interesting perspective on the effects of economics on social prosperity. I agree that activities such as the unpaid labor of women must be recognized as productive. Therefore, it would be reasonable to offer certain benefits to women for childcare and housework.
Introduction Environmentalists and scientists have put a lot of efforts and energy towards discovering and understanding more about the safety of use of pesticides and possible repercussions in the future. Some support while others disagree on the use of pesticides. In this paper I am going to discuss the pros and cons of the use of pesticides with more focus on use of DDT. Use of Pesticides The use of pesticides has been faced with much criticism due to the already available evidence of their hazardous effects and also the possibility of future adverse effects. These concerns are perhaps best raised by Carson. She argues that “every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals from the moment of conception till death” (Carson 15). Pesticides have been traced to water bodies, soil as well as in all living things with heightened concern about the presence of these harmful chemicals in milk. Particular concerns have been raised about synthetic insecticides due to their potential biological hazards. They are said to compromise the immune system, interfere with the oxidation processes, interfere with physiological functions and may even cause cancer (Carson 17). The use of pesticides with endocrine disruptors, environmental estrogens, and estrogen mimics has been put into question. Studies indicate that physiological functions of animals such as alligators have changed with noticeable changes in their reproductive systems and this has been attributed to misuse of DDT which, according to Trankina and Gough, “acted as an estrogen mimic that resulted in the feminization of the males and over-feminization of the females” (Trankina and Gough 1). Continuous DDT use is believed to increase its concentration in the higher levels in the food chains and with the already present evidence of its presence in the breast milk and body fats we can only contemplate the future potential hazards when the levels run out of control (Carson 17). Perhaps the biggest issue of concern is how the insects that we are supposed to eliminate continue to build resistance to DDT and other pesticides. Tis kind of resistance by the pests raises questions of what will eventually happen when the pests will no longer respond to any of the pesticides such as DDT and others. Why not just use more eco friendly methods such as mosquito nets (Trankina and Gough 1). While there could be some evidence of presence of pesticides in the ecosystem there is arguably no direct correlation between the pesticides and cause of the alleged effects: “DDT does not cause the death of algae at concentrations of 500 parts per billion” (McFinn and Roberts