ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of conducting this study will be to examine the impact of globalization with particular focus on the international hotel industry. Globalization is defined as the process of integrating the economies, financial markets, cultures and societies of various countries through the use of global communication and trade networks that exist around the world. Globalization is also defined as the integration of local, regional or national economies into the international economy used by the rest of the world to conduct activities such as foreign investment, trade and money transfers (Sharma and Morrissey 2007). The driving forces of globalization around the world include technological factors where the introduction of new technological innovations within the international market drives globalization, economic factors where the economic growth of various countries around the world affects the rate of globalization and also political, socio-cultural factors where government and societal systems determine how the process of globalization will occur within various industries. In recent times however, the term has also come to include various factors such as language or communication barriers and the circulation of national ideas, (Bhagwati 2004). In general, globalization affects the world in various ways one of which is the industrialization of countries where the introduction of global markets that are able to foster worldwide production have been able to ensure that consumers are able to access various products and services within the international market. The emergence of international trade across borders has also been a strong indicator of globalization as well as the emergence of global financial markets. Financial markets have contributed significantly to consumers being able to access borrowing facilities across international borders without necessarily having to revert to the home market. Another aspect that signifies the impact of globalization is the economic market where a common market that allows traders and sellers to buy or sell goods has enhances the interconnectedness of trade thereby increasing growth of international trade around the world (Pan and Donato 2007). The job market is also a strong indicator of globalization in the world as increased levels of competition within the labour market signify the strength of both national and international economies. Increased levels of competition ensure that workers are able to gain competitive salaries and wages which are now less dependent on the success or failure of national economies in the world. Other aspects that are used to provide an indication of globalization around the world include the political context where government policies are developed to foster globalization activities as well as competition amongst countries when it comes to the production of goods and services. Ecological factors are also important indicators of globalization especially when they are used to explain the global environmental challenges that are taking place around the world as a result of global warmin
Azotam (2012) presented a clinical case study involving an adolescent patient who suffered from terminal cancer. During his end-of-life care, the patient made wishes that were against those of his parents by asking chemotherapy to be stopped and giving orders against resuscitation. The researcher, therefore, sought to solve this ethical dilemma by applying ethical principles. Max, a 17 year old patient, suffered from lymphocytic leukemia. He would receive chemotherapy on a biweekly basis. However, he was not coping well with chemotherapy, as he experienced pain, nausea, and other discomforts during treatment. The cancer had progressed to osteosarcoma, while organ failure had occurred due to metastases. Max had suffered enough in the pediatric intensive care unit and no treatment plan was responsive. He, therefore, wanted to, “preclude further extraordinary treatment and have a “do not resuscitate (DNR)” (Azotam, 2012, p. 581) order implemented. Although the medical team felt that Max was competent enough to make the decision, his parents wanted the treatment to be continued and the DNR order be rejected. Max’s parents stopped the palliative care waiting to see whether other treatment options would work. Unfortunately, his condition worsened to the point where resuscitation, intubation, and dialysis had to be done as emergency interventions. Max went into a coma. At this point, the nurse who was taking care of Max suggested the conflict between Max and his parents be resolved by an ethics committee, as she also reinstated palliative care. This case required the application of all the four ethical principles of, “autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice” (Azotam, 2012, p. 582) to come up with the best position. On one hand, Max’s autonomous choice was superseded legally by the autonomy of the parents because he was still a minor, according to the laws of the US. In addition, the act of Max’s parents continuing with the treating and escalating the intensity of care did not violate the nonmaleficence principle, as they only wished Max well. On the other hand, it was found that Max’s autonomy was violated, as he was considered as a competent minor under the US AAP policy statement. In addition, the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence lost their ground due because the treatment that Max was receiving was futile, leaving palliative care, which was Max’s choice, as the best treatment strategy. The case was resolved by having Max’s wishes fulfilled. The case of Max shows the importance of applying the principles of ethics in nursing and health care in general. The use of the four principles of ethical decision making to address the dilemmas that nurses and other health care professionals come across during practice can help in resolving conflicts without bringing legal consequences or harming the patients. Max’s case is very relevant in the current nursing practice, given that there are increasing cases of cancer and other chronic diseases that require end-of-life care. The scenario in Max’s case is bound to happen in everyday end-of-life care nursing practice, thus knowing
Facts The parties to the selected lawsuit are Agent Elliott and the petitioner Danny Kyllo, and the court initiated in Florence, Oregon. The United States Department of the Interior’s agent used the thermal imaging device to prove their suspicions that Kyllo grows marijuana indoors (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). Plants require consistent heating, and the fact that one wall was significantly warmer than others, according to the scanner, determined the course of further investigation. The agent received a warrant authorizing a search of Kyllo’s house, and the plantation was found there. The defendant pleaded guilty in violation of 21 U. S. C. § 841(a)(1); however, the dispute occurred as the appeal stated that using the thermal imaging scan on an individual’s house violates the Fourth Amendment (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was required to revise the warrant’s validity based on the imaging made by Elliott. On remand, the court concluded that using a scanning device was appropriate because it did not expose any private life or human activities inside the house (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). Furthermore, the defendant had no intention to hide the use of heating; thus, their privacy was not violated. Issue Was the use of a thermal imaging device considered a search under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution? Holding Yes. Reasoning The final outcome was on the side of the Supreme Court, which reversed the appellation, and further proceedings concluded that scanning the house and retrieving the information about its internal parts was a search. The technology of the thermal imaging device is not used publicly and considered unreasonable; therefore, the agent was not allowed to perform it without a warrant (Kyllo v. United States, 2001). The court of the first instance was incorrect regarding the evidence approval, and the case’s reasoning forced the regulators to revise the use of technology during investigations in terms of individuals’ privacy protection. The Supreme Court had passed no significant law enforcement related to the use of technology and surveillance. Reference Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27, 121 S. Ct. 2038. (2001). Web.
The use of marijuana can be viewed as one of the most debatable and controversial elements of the U.S. criminal justice agenda. Despite the fact that a range of regulations have been passed regarding the subject matter, the issue still remains rather complicated. At present, the use of medicinal marijuana is allowed in 23 States of America ( 23 legal medical marijuana states and DC , 2015); therefore, the struggle for making medicinal cannabis legal is far from being over. A range of laws and regulations have shaped the legal policy regarding the use of marijuana over the past few decades (Benmaamar, 2014). However, when it comes to defining the groundbreaking court rulings that redefined the very approach towards marijuana use, one must mention the Jenks v. State of Florida (1991). As it has been stressed above, the law has been modified significantly since its adoption in 1991; the changes that occurred to the specified regulation can be described as moving towards a more democratic interpretation of the subject matter, as the use of marijuana has been allowed in 23 states so far ( 23 legal medical marijuana states and DC , 2015). Moreover, the tendency in reinforcing the democratic concept in question seems to have been growing consistently; therefore, it is expected that the consumption of marijuana will be allowed in other states as well (Becker, 2015). The role of the Supreme Court in the specified case boils down to stating the conditions, in which the prescription and the following use of marijuana by the patient, can be deemed as legitimate (Benmaamar, 2014). Particularly, the Supreme Court drove the line between the lawful use of marijuana and the illegal consumption thereof. In other words, the Supreme Court practically defines the very content of the regulation to be passed and affects the rights of the citizens in a direct way, either providing the residents of the United States with the corresponding rights or restricting their actions by setting specific limitations. Needless to say, the specified regulation has brought a significant change to the current criminal justice policy regarding the use of marijuana. First and most obvious, the limitations for marijuana use were finally set, and tracking the instances of marijuana abuse became much easier. Additionally, the necessity to provide a prescription for purchasing the above-mentioned drug helped reduce the instances of drug abuse among the residents of the United States. The ruling passed by the jury did not reflect the significance of technology in people’s lives at the time. The fact that medicinal marijuana will be provided to patients as long as they have the corresponding prescription was not shaped by technological advances of the time in any possible way. It would be wrong to assume, though, that the issue has been resolved completely. The changes in the way, in wh
Session 1 Session 1 is an introduction to the topic concerning the development of the entrepreneurial workforce. Some historical insights are provided. It is stressed that the contemporary business world has acknowledged the relevance of human capital. Modern employers see the workforce as the key to their competitiveness or even survival. However, researchers note that the majority of US employees are dissatisfied. It was interesting to learn about two views on the workforce. The first view was influential in the 20 th century. Frederick Taylor saw employees as cogs. People were to complete particular (quite routine tasks) with no creativity, initiative, or diversity. This approach is quite ineffective as it discourages employees to work harder and achieve organizational goals. At that, the theorist also paid attention to a very helpful and relevant point. He noted that excessive pressure is disastrous. Modern practitioners and researchers believe that creativity is the key to organizations’ success. Companies that can attract talent are likely to remain competitive and even become leaders. It has been acknowledged that the American business world cannot be characterized by the use of the approach mentioned above. The major reason for this is the age and training/education of top managers who still use traditional management approaches. It is time to use new ideas and focus on creativity and innovation. Session 2 Session 2 provides more insights into the entrepreneurial workforce. It is mentioned that 60% of US jobs in manufacturing were unskilled while the modern workforce is almost fully constituted by skilled workers with only 10% of unskilled workers. The difference between algorithmic and heuristic work is explained. Algorithmic work is characterized by the use of the principles of command and control management where managers develop the vision, strategies, systems, and even tasks while employees fulfill the tasks assigned. This approach was common in the 20 th century. Modern work is mainly heuristic, and the power of ideas is seen as the key to organizational success. Creative workforce, ideas, and intellectual property are the key assets. It is stressed that creative loners are not able to come up with innovative ideas all the time, and collaboration is essential for the development of new ideas, approaches, systems, and so on. It is also noted that innovation is not only related to new product development. It is concerned with new structures, systems, processes, strategies. The organization’s success is associated with the following concepts sustainable, competitive, and advantageous. Gary Hamel’s hierarchy of workplace capabilities is provided. It includes six levels: obedience, diligence, expertise, initiative, creativity, and passion. At that, initiative, creativity, and passion are
Raquel has to decide which of the three available options to pursue. The decision that she is facing is basically about probabilities, i.e., she needs to identify the option that provides the highest likelihood of a favorable outcome. At the same time, risks need to be considered, too, because the chance that contains the highest probability of a favorable outcome may also have the most increased risks. Alternatives are the options that Raquel can pursue. First of all, it should be ensured that all the conditions are secured; for example, Raquel’s assumptions about the number of points she can get in each of the three scenarios are accepted. Also, it is assumed that Raquel will really have three full consecutive hours to prepare for the final exam, i.e., no time will be spent on the decision-making process or getting to the place where the exam is held. The first alternative is to spend one hour on each of the three cases; the second alternative is to spend one and a half hours on two of the three points, and the third alternative is to spend all three hours on one case. The state of nature considerations is related to the best possible and the worst possible outcomes. At best, Raquel can get all 25 points for the reading assignment question; this will happen if she spends all three hours on just one case, and this case is on the exam. At worst, Raquel can get 0 points for this question; this will happen if a case is selected that she has not studied. When proposing recommendations, one should consider all the possible scenarios. First of all, choosing the first option will guarantee that Raquel will get 12 points out of 25; this option may seem to be safe, but it is important that Raquel needs an A, and a 12-point result will rule out the possibility of getting an A. Therefore, the first option should be ruled out. Further, the second option provides a two-thirds probability of getting 20 points, and the third option provides a one-third probability of getting 25 points. Out of the two options, the former ensures a better probability of success, while the latter presents more risks. It is noteworthy that the recommended option—option two—still presents the risk that the one case will be selected that Raquel has not studied, but unfortunately, there is no option that presents no risks; the only way of avoiding risks was finding enough time to study all three cases sufficiently. The concept of opportunity loss suggests that there is the cost of not picking the best decision. In the given case, the cost of not picking the best decision is a failure: if Raquel chooses to pursue option one, she will not (given that she will get, in any case, 12 points for the question only) achieve her goal of getting an A for the final exam. When the cost of not picking the best decision is a failure, the decision-making process should be thought through with particular carefulness.
The rate of childhood obesity in the United States continues to grow, and in the long term, this trend can threaten the health of the entire nation, even though the dangers of this phenomenon may not be immediately noticeable. In this speech, I would like to discuss the relationship between childhood obesity and the sustainability of the country. This topic has long been of great interest to me, and I have examined various books, scholarly articles, and governmental websites that help readers better understand this question. Overall, I would like to focus on the economic, environmental, and health aspects of this issue because they can influence millions of people. It is possible to argue that this trend requires the close attention of parents, educators, and medical workers who should pay attention to the dietary habits of children. In this way, they can eliminate a great number of risks. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), approximately 17 percent of children in the United States suffer from obesity. This percentage is very large in other advanced countries as well (Arundel Street Consulting, 2011). Moreover, in the future, these people can develop such disorders as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high blood pressure (Williams & Fruhbeck, 2009, p. 214). The effects of obesity can become particularly noticeable at the time when people reach the stage of adulthood. Additionally, much attention should be paid to the risks of asthma and osteoarthritis since these illnesses are also very dangerous (Williams & Fruhbeck, 2009). This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about people who have not been able to cope with overweight during childhood or adolescence. This is one of the points that can be made. It should be mentioned that the annual costs of treating obesity-related illnesses equal to more than $ 147 billion (Arundel Street Consulting, 2011, p. 41). In the future, the economic impact of the issue will only increase (Arundel Street Consulting, 2011, p. 41). Therefore, the burden carried by the healthcare system will become even more onerous due to increasing population growth. This is one of the reasons why this issue cannot be easily dismissed by policy-makers and medical workers. In particular, medical workers, such as nurses, should focus on the education of parents and children who should fully understand the dangers of overweight. Another threat that should not be overlooked is the mortality of people suffering from obesity-related diseases. It is estimated that obesity may cause approximately 150.000 deaths on an annual basis (Williams & Fruhbeck, 2009). To a great extent, these deaths can be attributed to cardiovascular disease (Williams & Fruhbeck, 2009, p. 214). Certainly, obesity-related diseases do not directly affect children. However, the effects of these disorders can manifest themselves in the future, especially at the stage of adulthood. Therefore, in the long term, childhood obesity can influence thousands of families. This is one
Introduction All human beings are religious in nature; both ancient days and in modern times, people pay allegiance to some supernatural beings for the spiritual purposes. To Christians, their religious life is entirely centered and molded in the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The whole being of Jesus have attracted much debate especially on some of the critical decisions and teaching that forms the epitome of Christianity. The sensitivity of the matter have drawn the attention of many theologians to add their views and understanding of the events and circumstance of the life of Jesus Christ and his role as the founder o f the largest religion in the world. This essay will review some of the perceptions, teachings, interpretations and understanding of some scholars and theologians on key issues surrounding the life of Christ. On Mirrors, Mists and Murmurs Just like in many cultures, the Asia American women were under looked by their male counterparts and they were therefore marginalized in many religious practices and participation. According to Nakashima (87) Asian American women were confined in the caves of silence as they were barred from attending the seminaries and other theological trainings. However, in 1978, this jinx was broken and women started participation in religion issues and contributed enormously according to their sufferings and daily afflictions (96). These women aspired to fight against oppression and discrimination against race, sex and culture. This was accomplished through enrolment in theology schools and trainings centers. From their experience the Asian American women oppression and torments helped them understand the suffering of Christ and his sacrifice on the cross not as an image of substitution death but as a symbol of solidarity. Their perception of suffering encouraged them overcome the hardship and discrimination with vigor and much delight. By them being Buddhists it enhanced their understanding of suffering, to them suffering should be borne in humility and with compassion (88). They taught that individuals should to accept suffering to help them avoid leading alienated life coupled with self-doubt and guilty of not bearing with others. The understanding of the Asian American women of t