ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
White-collar crime can be defined as the unlawful acquisition of money by failing to adhere to the set rules and regulations in terms of fraud and stealing money meant for a private entity or public organization. The nature of this kind of crime does not involve violence or force but it relies on the brains of the intellectuals involved. Enron was a very successful organization that dealt with energy generation. This success did not last long because its members of the administration including its president were involved in squandering money from the organization and depositing that money into their private bank accounts. This crime was coupled with mismanagement of money which was well organized because it was done in cooperation with junior and senior employees of the Enron Company. Perhaps the culprits in the above mentioned thought they could steal money without being caught (Friedrichs, 2003). They might have been influenced by the chief executive officer because he may have deceived them that he would cushion them from being prosecuted. Their malpractices were brought into the limelight by Arthur Andersen auditing firm in 2001. There are persons in Enron who tried to hinder investigations by damaging vital hard copies. Others had entered wrong details into taxation forms willingly intending to cover up their tracks and again manipulating stock values Enron is just an example of how white-collar crime can ruin an organization. The performance of the Arthur Andersen audit firm is quite commendable because it takes determination and courage to expose scandals of this nature. There are auditors in the past who are manipulated using handouts by company administrators not to reveal their activities. The effects of white-collar crimes on society are more fatal than those caused by armed robbers and burglars. For instance, commodities that are meant for human consumption should be vetted to ensure they are safe for human use and if they don’t meet international standards such commodities should be disposed of and destroyed. If the people in charge of vetting consumer products allowed such items to be sold to citizens there would be more casualties than ever before due to the magnitude of people who need such items. Investigations have shown that such substandard items are allowed to circulate in the market by bribing the vetting officials. Friedrichs (2003) insists that public officers and personnel of private corporations should not give their monetary gains the priority at the cost of other citizens. Maybe what motivates people to engage in such practices is the intensity of punishment imposed on fraudsters which are considered lenient. Most people argue that the criminal justice system favors seasoned offenders compared to minor offenders such as muggers and shoplifters who are accorded long prison sentences than their counterparts. This leniency is seen to be unfair by many
Purpose of the Report This report seeks to impart information to the company’s CEO, Ms. Geraldine Schliermacher, and other consultants in the company regarding software engineering career, its educational requirements, relevance concerning market requirements, placement opportunities, and other aspects that might be of interest to both the aforementioned parties or any other party that might be interested in pursuing this field as their career choice (Nuseibeh & Finkelstein, 2006). Definition of Software Engineering Software Engineering is a field in engineering that requires the practitioner to apply the principles of engineering in the design and development of software products. Essentially, these principles are applied during various stages in the production of software products. A software engineer, therefore, is an individual who has undergone all the necessary training requirements and has been duly certified to practice their trade as a software engineer. Besides, software engineers have to be registered with the relevant bodies (Finkelstein, Kramer & Goedicke, 2010). Education Requirements For one to qualify as a software engineer, they must attain undergraduate certification in any of the major information technology-related courses that include computer science, information systems analysis, or information technology (Runeson, 2012). Traditionally, most of the practitioners were only certified in the three aforementioned courses. However, new developments in the education curriculum have seen an introduction of software engineering as an independent course and currently, there are quite a good number of practitioners who have been certified in their undergraduate degree programs. Occupation information Software engineering is one of the most marketable careers. This is attributable to the fact that the pace with which the world is embracing technology is still very high. Furthermore, most organizations have at least some form of Computer or Information Technology department in their organizational structure. This increased uptake in technology means that many organizations require efficient technological solutions in the form of software and other resources to achieve their organizational objectives. Consequently, many software companies whose business models are based on the provision of these solutions have been developed in many parts of the world (Finkelstein et.al., 2009). Personality Types Software engineering essentially involves problem-solving whereby the engineers find ways of solving their clients’ problems through the use of appropriate software applications. A career in such a field, therefore, requires individuals with competent inter-personal skills because the software engineers will spend most of their time interacting with the client in an attempt to enhance their understanding of the problem (Nuseibeh, Kramer &
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome of various diseases of the cardiovascular system, leading to a decrease in the pumping function of the heart, chronic hyperactivation of neurohormonal systems. This is manifested by shortness of breath, palpitations, increased fatigue, limited physical activity, and excessive fluid retention in the body. Chronic heart failure is not an independent disease because it is a complication. This is the outcome of cardiac conditions that disrupt the anatomy and function of the heart. Therefore, an important task facing a doctor who suspects or diagnosed a patient with CHF is to determine its cause. Although the treatment of CHF syndrome is universal, the effect on its cause can vary significantly depending on the segment of the population. Patients with CHF of ischemic etiology need pharmacotherapy aimed at eliminating the symptoms of ischemic heart disease. Thus, the most vulnerable groups are Hispanics with elevated risk levels in regards to the given disease. The main purpose of the research paper is to analyze and investigate national differences in congestive heart failure rates among a wide range of groups on the basis of gender and race. The research was designed in a qualitative manner by deriving the essential data from statistical measurements. The sample was comprised of 4300 hospitals, which provided the recorded yearly rates of heart failures (Ziaeian et al., 2017). In total, the authors overviewed approximately 7 to 8 million individuals, who were the key data elements of the institutions. Therefore, the data collection methods were systematic, where an array of measured records were utilized in order to assess the key differences. The results suggest that Hispanics were the highest risk groups in terms of suffering from congestive heart failure, and it is especially true in regards to women of the given category (Ziaeian et al., 2017). The primary strength of the study is the sheer size of the sample and the statistical significance of the findings. The main limitation of the paper is the fact that the results are possibly outdated due to the heavy focus on 2002 and 2013 (Ziaeian et al., 2017). However, the application of the paper can be manifested in more specific studies concerning high heart failure rates among Hispanics. In addition, one can also advocate for policy changes and practice renewals in regard to nursing in order to meet the needs of the vulnerable groups. It is important to consider the fact that the current trends and heart failure dynamics might also become risk factors for deadly viruses, which is especially critical in the context of the pandemic. In conclusion, the study provides invaluable information on population-wide patterns on the basis of ethnicity, race, and gender. Although gender differences are significant, the major finding is manifested in the fact that Hispanics are prone to suffer from CHF. One might not be able to point to a specific contributing factor because there is a combination of i
Introduction Background Information Visuals play an important role in science. Their use in this field can be traced back to the works of early scientists. The scholars emphasised on the importance of visual thinking (Martin & Veel, 2000). One of the best examples of a discovery arising from the use of visuals includes that of the benzene ring and the helical structure of DNA. The discovery was made by Friedrich. The researcher first envisioned the benzene ring as a snake biting its own tail (Pajak, 2012). Even more vivid is Albert Einstein’s argument on how human reasoning envisages visual thinking. Common visual elements used in science include graphical illustrations, photographs, and drawings (Kress, 2012). The use of some of these elements is a common occurrence in other fields, such as cultural studies and media. However, there is a clear distinction between their application in these fields and in science. In science, visual depiction of data is fundamental. It represents something different from the photographs and illustrations published and used in other disciplines. In science, visual images do not simply accompany text. On the contrary, they organise meaning and invite the audience to interpret the presentation in a particular way (Kress, 2012). Purpose and Significance of the Research In spite of the extensive use of visual elements, little research has been conducted to investigate how they create meaning in different aspects and forms of science. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical and in-depth look at the role that visuals play in science. Communicative functions and cultural meanings of elements that are conventionally used in science will be explored to achieve a better understanding of this concept. To this end, the author will analyse how visual images are applied in presenting scientific data and findings. A comparison will be made between the application of visuals in relation to professional, popular, and pedagogic science. Scope and Limitations To conduct this study, the author will rely on readings from experienced discourse analysts and other
The usual sense of argument differs from argument concepts in formal circumstance such as when we engage in writing an essay. The context of weakness and strengths in the thesis of an essay brings about a literally argument on the part of the writer. This means, the writer argues with himself in a personal debate, strongly arguing in favor of his own subject and at the same time, disagreeing with the same. For instance, the writer may be discussing a serious and complex political issue wherein, he explains in detail his views and suggestions in favor of the political issue, however, he has to explain and discuss the other side of this political issue comprehensively (Kay, 14-16 ). Thoroughly he must discuss the negative aspect of this political debate from his own perspective similarly as how he argued about his positive perceptions on the debate. The everyday sense of an argument dissents in perspective to proper arguments. In an essay, the debate about the strengths and weaknesses of a context are generative. An essay argument structure is different from the everyday sense of an argument; indeed, the latter is not a typical difference in opinion and disagreement involving emotions. It is a well-researched and structured guide and conclusions supported by facts. The essay writer should be critical about his opinion and equally critical in thinking about the essays paradigm. An essay’s argument should be cosmological. The writer should only discuss the strengths and weaknesses from his cosmological knowledge or borrow from existing literature. Normally, this segment of an essay is referred to as a literature review. It is a comprehensive analysis of arguments and relevant debates about the concepts of the particular essay. The perspective of the essay should follow an inductive trajectory. The term cosmological connotes universal concepts hence an inductive argument. The essay writer argues throughout the essay from experience, from particular subjects to a relevant conclusion (Kay, 445-6). An essay has to follow the cosmological trajectory. This means that, the argument about strengths and weaknesses should be based on observation. Objectively, the observation about the specific matter should be recent and may well show previous observations (Pritchard, 46-56). This helps identify if we have been led to wrong assumptions. Living in a particular environment reflects the various social-economic capabilities of an individual. Living in up market residences depicts t
Media is the channel of communication and one of the most common to millions of people globally. Various outlets are under scrutiny for their perceived bias with the information they share, mode of sharing, focus on stories, and using skewed reporting as bait for their audience. For further understanding, an investigation to establish the extent and weight of media bias in shaping public opinion is staged. The research will focus on various populations, different media, techniques applied, and influences on the public. One fundamental consideration is the sources used for the work, which should convince the readers about the subject and the details. Borrowing from various sources adds rigor to the research, authenticates the facts, and convinces the reader to trust the points passed. Below are three articles exploring the subject and its importance to the write-up. The article explores media bias cases on two groups of people in Europe, immigrants, and refugees. Areas neighboring Europe, like Asia, face constant calamities, prompting their citizens to flee. Europe receives an abnormally high number of refugees and is under pressure to stop them due to the limited resources under scramble. From 2015 to 2018, the number of refugees to Belgium skyrocketed, accompanied by skewed media reports, thereby changing opinion regarding the entrants influenced by the media reports. Researchers aimed to examine the weight of changes in media reporting style on people’s views, which led them to develop distrust
Executive Summary The analysis of online marketing challenge is aimed at improving the performance of a hotel in the competitive Australian industry. In this case, the Managing director of the hotel needs to understand means of optimizing the internet marketing to improve the performance of the hotel. The challenge of online marketing necessitates the use of online resources and approaches to increase the number of audience to the hotel’s site. As a result, it would increase the number of sales as well as the company generating revenue through some online activities. Introduction Online marketing refers to the advertising and promotion products and services through the Web or e-mail in order to increase the sales or information about the content. Most organizations conduct online marketing using e-commerce models that are designed to reach their targeted clients. The common internet approaches adopted include web advertising, email marketing, and social media promotion. Due to competition, organizations attempt to create appealing and captivating sites, which offer the best adverts for their products. This is attributed to the placement of organizations to a common platform in the internet irrespective of the sizes. In addition, the utilization of online marketing enables an organization to market its products to a wider customer base at cheaper rates (Demiray 2011, p.48). Although there are many benefits associated with online marketing, there are critical issues that organizations should consider before exploring the marketing strategy. Internet marketing Primarily, the hotel has to identify its targeted consumers before launching online marketing. Such an understanding is vital based on the products or services that one intends to offer. Various factors such as gender, age, educational level, disposable income, and occupation of clients influence the nature of marketing to be designed. When such issues have been addressed, it is crucial to identify the appropriate sites and sections where the adverts should be placed. In most cases, the expenditure cost and objectives of the hotel influence the choice. However, the common issues to be considered include volume of traffic, quality of existing ads, page ranking of the sites and presence of rivals (Janal 2011, p.96). Consequently, the hotel would be forced to design its adverts appropriately using the appropriate keywords. Once the hotel has identified the best sites and nature of advertising to conduct, it is critical to determine the type of internet marketing to adopt. The common types of internet marketing include Search Engine Marketing (SEM), Search Engine Optimization (SOE), and Search Engine Results Page (SERP). SEM refers to the means of improving the traffic to the web based on the ads of the products. This method aims at addressing the needs of customers as well as provision of information on how to acquire the products. SEO involves the use of appropriate words that optimize the ranking of web pages in search engines. In this case, it improves the chances of internet users visiting the site due to its ranking. SERP entails th
By the end of 19 th century, the west embarked on a hasty shift towards industrialization. This resulted to short-term challenges in working conditions, increase in poverty levels, and displacement. The countries had difficulty matching the demands and expectations of industrialization. Their ability to adapt could not match the quick developments in areas of technology. This resulted to upsurge in revolutionary movements that agitated against various aspects of modern capitalism. Consequently, the term “Fin de siècle” applied in reference to a prevalent cultural movement that spread across Europe. The movement concentrated on issues relating to history of man and the intrigues of civilization. There was increasing discontent over the idea that history and civilization were indicative of change. The idea that progress was always good came under serious criticism. Critics argued that modern civilization and hasty progress would result to emergence of individuals without a connection to society and its values. They argued that civilization would change the order of things in society. The “Fin de siècle” proponents were in favour of emotions, subjectivity, and vitality. They viewed civilization as a hurdle that required an elaborate remedy. The movement favoured community ideals over individual and subjective ideals. There was rebellion against liberalism and unprecedented rise of right-wing politics that sought to conserve tradition and fought against change. This turn of events precipitated apathy and heightened tension across most European countries. The emergence of social Darwinism provided the motivation for more supportive discourse with regard to race. Some proponents of Darwinism viewed human history as a culmination of racial contests. They not only evaluated national success but also individual success based on social, economic, and political parameters. This was vital in ensuring that they generated accurate and acceptable deductions. Positivist scientists viewed race in terms of hereditary factors and transcendence. They relied on precise scientific procedures as opposed to speculation. This accorded them a chance to achieve accurate and precise inferential data. Scientists proposed a possible genetic connection between individuals in different nations. They argued that such connections supersede any form of physical or social bond between individuals. The findings were remarkable to the world of science. This interpretation heralded a new meaning regarding the concept of na
Corvus brachyrhynchos – American Crow. The American crow resides in much of North America and differs from similar species found in other regions – carrion crow, hooded crow, and fish crow. The American crow and hooded crow are similar in size, structure, and behavior but have different callings. The American crow lets out a loud, short, and quick cry, raising and lowering its head. Sometimes these birds mimic the callings of other birds, such as striped owls. Dimensions of the American crow are 40-50 cm (16-20 inches) from beak to tail, weighing 300-600 g (11-21 oz.). Subspecies There are five subspecies that vary in beak size; Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos eastern crow: the northeastern United States, eastern Canada is the most common. Corvus brachyrhynchos caurinus is a northwestern crow endemic to the Pacific Temperate rain forests. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis is a western crow that inhabits the western part of North America, except for the far south and the Pacific Northwest. Corvus brachyrhynchos pascuus – Florida crow, habituated in Florida, and Corvus brachyrhynchos paulus is a southern crow whose habitat is the southern United States. Interesting Facts I chose the American crow because they are very intelligent and have brain-to-body ratios similar to that of a human. Scientists have found that crows are self-aware, and their complex brain region can be compared to the human neocortex. Crows are long-lived and can live up to 30 years in captivity, although in the wild, their lifespan is usually 7-8 years. Fortunately, this bird is no longer on the verge of extinction, as the population of American crows is estimated at 31 million individuals.