ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Graves’s disease is one of the diseases that are caused by the thyroid hormone. The thyroid becomes overreactive leading to the production of excess hormones. This causes a very critical metabolic imbalance called hyperthyroidism (Rappoport 88). The state of hyperthyroidism causes very many neurological and psychological complications which compromise the physical and social competencies of the patient. My nephew has this disease which is taking a toll on his social life. He has also become emotionally unstable because of the excess hormones produced by the thyroid glands which affect his psychological behaviors. The disease started with mild symptoms that we once thought were normal behavioral changes that take place in children during the transition from one stage of childhood to another. My nephew would become anxious about very petty things and this anxiety increased to worrying levels. Apart from the increased anxiety, he was also highly irritable and would be upset by very minor things. The combination of anxiety and irritability affected his social life because his relationship with his peers was severely ruined by his change in behavior. His sleeping patterns also changed, and he became an insomniac. It became increasingly hard for him to sleep and would go for three days without sleeping even for a single hour. The condition started worsening when his heartbeat became irregular and his perspiration rate increased twofold. He would appear fatigued all the time and parts of his body like the fingers and the hands would tremble tremulously. He also became overly insensitive to heat and would avoid going outdoors during sunny days. Despite feeding heavily, he lost a lot of weight, and this affected him psychologically. The disease also influenced his hair which became very brittle. As the disease progressed, his thyroid gland swelled, and his bowel movements became even more frequent. The worst phase of the disease came when it started to affect his eyes. His eyeballs started swelling out, going past their orbit due to the enlargement of the tissues and muscles within the eyes. This was followed by excessive tearing, and he would sense grit in both eyes. The eyes also reddened and appeared like they had some inflammations. The eyelids and the eye tissues also swelled, and the boy became very sensitive to light. Later, he started suffering from double and blurred vision and the movement of the eyes became even more limited. When the disease became serious, we had to seek medical intervention. We took the nephew to the hospital and the doctor made a diagnosis that identified the disease. The doctor prescribed two therapies for the boy. The first therapy was radioiodine therapy while the second was anti-thyroid drugs treatment. In the former therapy, the boy was instructed to take radioactive iodine 131 orally. The doctor expl
Introduction McDonald’s is one of the largest food stores and it serves more than 58 million customers every day. The company was founded in 1940 by Richard and Maurice, McDonald brothers. The company expanded its operations by opening of new restaurants in different countries including Costa Rica, Canada, Japan, Panama, Germany, France, EI Salvador and Sweden. The first store was opened in 1974 in Woolwich, London. By then, the company had established 31, 000 restaurants in 119 countries across the world. The company has provided employment to more than 1.5 million people. Previously, the company operated specifically on traditional foodstuff such as burgers, soda and fries; however, there has been an advancement to include healthier foodstuff such as wraps and hamburger in their menu (McDonald’s 2010). The company has also ventured into a new environmental policy that states that “we believe that being the world’s best family restaurant involves protecting the environment at the local and global level. We strive to ensure that our operations today do not have a negative impact on the lives of future generations” (Brown 1999, p. 56). Other products that the company has introduced recently include eggs and free-range chickens, in addition to local sourcing of produce from different countries that the company has based its operations (McDonald’s 2010). Review and analysis of the strategic analysis Following many decades of operations, the company is invigorating its products and using several initiatives to push its innovation ahead. MacDonald’s Company, which operates more than 30000 restaurants, serves approximately 50 million customers each day. Its success has been attributable to its decades of expansion, profits and sales growth. For the first time, the company recorded a losing quarter in 2002. Following demands to get back McDonald on track, fresh strategies had to be devised. By use of its own 5Ps, MacDonald’s is refining and developing fresh policies to offer a variety of products, build value, and come up with modernized and contemporary stores. This would result to delivery and balancing of value pricing with more valuable items and using innovative and bold promotions to market its products. Implementation of most of the company’s policies involves customer surveys and ranking of restaurants so as to achieve the company objectives. New menu products are some of the unique strategies that are likely to ensure customer satisfaction. Additionally, restaurant operation time can has been increased, in addition to acceptance of debit cards and credit cards as modes of payment. The company also collects important data from the suppliers and franchisees, which can help in product development. Smarter and cleaner restaurants are benchmarked from other renowned retailers. There has been a remarkable reduction in the trouble experienced during the beginning of the millennium. The company
Introduction The aim of affirmative action is to ensure that distribution of resources is done in appropriate and considerable manner that includes every person from diverse racial and ethnic background. Those in support for affirmative action argues that there are certain groups of people who have been previously discriminated against and this gives them difficulties to compete equally within the society with those from dominant groups occupying most resourceful sectors within the nation. The intention is to administer equality amongst all citizens (Martindale 1-2). Affirmative action can be defined as a policy that aims at providing advantages or opportunities to people forming minority group against whom have been traditionally discriminated. The discrimination can be against access to social facilities and other resources such as education and health care (Martindale 1-2). Analysis of the paragraphs The argument in the case where affirmative action is considered to allow for fair evaluation of candidates is well used as a preferential treatment. The implementation of race-based affirmative action drives towards the general improvement of the society since it creates good social set-ups for children as well as adults. The diversity that exists within the schools gives opportunities for the improvement of learning since students get the chance of exposing themselves to diverse ideas which ultimately challenge them to seek for more knowledge (Martindale 1-2). The case of diverse student body could be supported by the fact that United States is diverse in ethnicity and race as compared to other nations. Hence very crucial to ensure that there is free interaction amongst the groups and clear understanding that leads to creation of strong nation. According to analysis this point of view presents one of the strongest arguments in support for affirmative action (Martindale 1-2). The application of affirmative action in ensuring that all the ethnic groups are presented may at times place the minorities in situations which are above them hence they are most likely to fail. This encourages fear amongst the minority and may cause them not to utilize their full potential. In this case affirmative action tends to conflict the idea that the most qualified applicant should always be given priority when it comes to selection. It is always good at times to use conventional qualification measurement other than criteria to create adequate distribution of resources and admissions. It is at times intrinsically wrong to use race on making decisions concerning some situations (Martindale 1-2). Affirmative action focuses majorly on race which is considered as one of the aspects of diversity. This case on judging applicants outside their merits do not consider intellectual diversity but rather focuses only on creation of racial div
Capability-based planning (CBP) entails the process of planning, delivering, and engineering of strategic business capabilities in an enterprise. This process is business oriented and mobilizes the requisite resources and efforts in every line of business to offer the desired capabilities. CBP incorporate various business models and is applicable in organizations where latent capabilities are essential by use of multiple resources (Galpin 14). To enhance these capabilities, there is the need for analysis and refinement of business scenarios. Similarly, the adoption of information technology (IT) in CBP is essential in the consolidation of corporate data and provision of related services by the establishment of a data center. Despite the technical aspects attributed to that IT projects, CBP has geared it towards the delivery of business outcomes. It implements this approach through the linkage of IT vision architecture with corporate strategies and line of business plans. In this regard, it necessitates planners to regulate horizontally and vertically the service-oriented architecture if there is the need to achieve the desired capabilities. The CBP mainly addresses the needs of management construction, education and training of personnel, IT architectural tasks and other essential change management tasks (Salaman 32). The management construction entails the development of a good management layout, which facilitates the realization of organization goals and objectives. Since the personnel are another crucial component of an organization, CBP enhance the delivery of knowledge and skills that will promote the desired capabilities. Similarly, CBP handles IT infrastructural tasks by the adoption of the best technology necessary for the achievement of anticipated services within the organization mainly concerning data handling and management. In addition, CPB undertakes other multiple roles, which enhance change management through the reengineering process. The DODAF portrays information perspectives instead of knowledge perspectives in the search for desired capabilities. In this regard, there exists a need to revise this approach and adopt knowledge perspectives in handling capability acquisition. The knowledge perspectives entail three major concerns to the manner
Introduction The Bophal disaster has always been regarded as the worst industrial accident in the world (Willey and Hendershot, 2006). The disaster occurred on the morning of December 3 rd 1984 when a leak of methyl isocyanate gas among other poisonous chemicals and substances (MIC) escaped from one of the storage tanks of Union Carbide of India Limited (UCIL). UCIL was a pesticide manufacturing plant located at Bophal, Madhya Pradesh in India. It has been alleged that as a result of poor maintenance of plants and equipments within the plant, water entered into storage tank 610 that contained 42 tons of MIC. The presence of water and MIC resulted to the occurrence of an exothermic reaction that resulted to the increase of temperature and pressure in the storage tank. As a result, the gas escaped from the tank and was blown over Bophal by winds. The gas leak thus had adverse effects on the local population. It has been estimated that 2,259 individual died instantly as a result of being exposed to the gas while another 3,787 died from respiratory related problems later on (Willey and Hendershot, 2006). In following weeks, another 3,000 people died as a result of related complication and an additional 8,000 died later on. According to the government affidavit released in 2006, the incident resulted to 558,125 injuries most of which were permanent (Willey and Hendershot, 2006). Most of the people who were affected were children and short people since they inhaled much of the gas as it was denser than air. In addition, those individuals who ran inhaled much of the poisonous gas as compared to those who used vehicles to flee the scene. Safety
Figure 1. Value Card Activity. Process of Sorting Moral and ethical values are an essential part of one’s philosophy and progress. People need to build a system of beliefs that will guide them through decision-making in their careers and personal life. However, selecting the values suggested in the list was rather complicated since all of them seemed to be intertwined. Therefore, the process of selection was based on the extent to which a particular quality contributes to my personal and professional growth. Thus, the top five values include compassion, cooperation, autonomy, self-control, and self-esteem. Arranging the values according to their significance was rather fun, although there was a noticeable degree of approximation. Overall, the process allowed me to develop a proper understanding of my needs, philosophy, and value system. The results were not surprising since they aligned with the traditions and beliefs of my community. However, the activity in question made me understand what my current assets as a professional are, and how I can help my patients using these qualities. Meaning for Me as a Dentist Working in a clinical setting requires fast and effective decision-making skills. Therefore, the analysis of my current value system has given me a general idea of how I can acquire the ability to resolve workplace issues and meet patients’ needs. For instance, as a dentist, I will need compassion to ensure that customers feel safe and comfortable since dental care may cause certain discomfort. Cooperation and autonomy will set the premises for interdisciplinary collaboration, which is essential in the clinical environment. Finally, with self-control and self-esteem, I will be able to pursue further professional development. However, I may need to prioritize flexibility as an important component of clinical decision-making. Values and the Righting Reflex Since several people fail to follow the essential principles of oral care, I will need to use my qualities to launch patient education. The characteristics such as compassion will help me to develop the righting reflex to encourage patients to change their health management habits. Besides, cooperation can be used to enhance the dialogue with patients and support them in their development of critical oral care skills.
In the book ‘Great by Choice’ co-authored by Jim Collins & Morten T. Hansen, the two consider the factors that cause some companies to significantly outperform others in economically turbulent times. In their analysis, they tend to discount the role of luck in this success concluding that it is the decisions taken by a company’s leadership which determine whether a company performs well during difficult times (Holtz 2008). The book’s ideas are based on a controlled research covering seven small firms operating in highly unstable environments. Some of the companies include Microsoft and Intel and they are all based in the U.S. Concentration of the sample population was due to limitation on the availability of share data of other eligible companies. The research used a historical approach to collect data. The research found that the seven companies that had been selected outperformed their industries’ averages consistently by a rate of more than ten percent (Holtz 2008). The findings showed that the success of companies during economically chaotic times is not a matter of luck but is rather caused by three distinctive qualities of a company’s leadership. These factors are: tenacious discipline, making use of empirical data, and being constructively paranoid. Thus, the basic argument of the book is that businesses have the power to determine their own destiny in turbulent times or environments. Discipline Discipline is a vital factor in determining success not only in business but also in life in general. As a matter of fact, the main factor that differentiates successful entrepreneurs from unsuccessful ones or non-entrepreneurs is self-discipline. Self-discipline in the broader context refers to the ability of a person to do something even when he or she does not feel like doing that thing. As described in theory X and theory Y, humans are generally lazy and they tend to avoid work whenever possible. Thus, indiscipline is human nature but one which can be controlled. Self-discipline results from disciplining one’s mind to follow plans as scheduled. Just like self-discipline is required for personal success, collective discipline of organizational members is necessary to achieve organizational success (Kalbfleisch 2007). As Collins and Hansen found out in their research, those companies which sustain success in tough times are those ones that pursue measured growth and which set both threshold and upper-limit performance standards. These companies commit themselves to reach the lower limit irrespective of the prevailing economic conditions. On the other hand, the upper limit should be reached during good times. The upper-limit is meant to ensure that the company does not overstretch its resources during good times only to suffer from resource shortage in lean times. It also helps the company to maintain a stable performance making it more reliable in the eyes of investors in spite volatility in its operating environment. In contrast, those companies that fail to perform well during difficult economic conditions are characterized by lack of commitment to plans and they register high performance only during good economic times. They lack
Cohen’s Americanizing the White Man explores the term ‘Americanizing’ as a means of transforming European immigrants into Americans. Americanizing raises questions on the tradition and culture of the native Americans. For example, the European immigrants adopted traditional American foods from the Indian culture, such as maple syrup, cigarette smoking and chewing tobacco, and corn. Such consideration indicates that the Indians have a strong social and cultural influence on the West. Cohen points out that without the native people, there would be no Americanization since the competitions that existed in Europe had adverse effects on humanity. For instance, the killing of people was more prevalent than the death of animals, birds, or fish (Cohen 177). Europe had become unbearable allowing for migration to North America. Such shift was ideal for Americanizing the white as the immigrants had much to learn and places to settle. In such regard, the Europeans had to embrace the culture through Americanization. The Europeans had several things to borrow from the North American natives that they integrated into their daily living. Americanizing the Whites was idealistic and Cohen indicated that the European immigrants found the indigenous American tradition to be friendly (178). For instance, the involvement in team sports, the Indian worship of the sun, air, and water, and the Boy Scout movement were peaceful options for the troubled Europeans (Cohen 178). Historically, the cultural exchange between the Indians and the Europeans was unique and vital to the development of America. For such reasons, Americanization encompassed spiritual development and learning. Cohen explained that the European immigrants brought together two civilizations that could teach other various things. For instance, America had distinct cultural features compared to Europe that shaped its national structure and color. Such a process is characteristic of Americanizing of the whites. The author uses the term ‘Americanizing’ to help the readers
Foundation of electronic commerce Electronic commerce describes the buying and selling of products, services, and information via computer networks, primarily the internet. Business conducted electronically fits into three categories. The opening case shows an example of business-to-consumer in which companies sell directly to consumers over the internet. Business-to-consumer sales may have been done by a company that has been specifically created to do business on the internet or by an exciting company that opens its own online business. The major benefits of business-to-consumer are increased revenues, the creation of new sources of revenues, and the elimination of costly intermediaries. The second category is business-to-business, in which two businesses make transactions electronically. In business-to-business, the major benefits include reduced cost, reduced cycle time, increased customer base and sales, and improved customer service. The third category of electronic commerce into business in which transactions take place within an organization, in an attempt to increase productivity, speed, and quality and so cut cost. The term commerce is viewed by some people as describing transactions conducted between business partners. The term electronic commerce seems to be fairly narrow, and many use the term e-business instead. It refers to a broad definition of electronic commerce, not just buying and selling but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization. According to Lou Gerstner, “e-business is all about time cycle, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage. Electronic commerce is a very diverse and interdisciplinary topic, with issues ranging from technology addressed by computer experts. Benefits of electronic commerce First for organizations   * Expands company’s marketplace to national and international markets. With minimal capital outlay, accompany can easily and quickly locate more customers, the best suppliers, and the most suitable business partners worldwide.   * Allow a vendor to reach a large number of customers anywhere around the globe at a very low cost.   * Enables companies to procure material and services from other companies rapidly and at less cost.   * Shortness or even eliminates marketing distribution channels, making products cheaper and vendors profit higher.   * Decreases the cost of creating, processing, distributing, storin