ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Leadership can be defined as the conditions for the formation, manifestation and the development of the leader’s authority as well as the recognition of the leader’s merits, qualifications, experiences and favorable human qualities. In that regard, it can be stated that among the aspects expected form the leader quality decisions takes the most important position, followed by the perception of the followers toward such decisions. Considering the aforementioned, this paper analyzes the process of making a decision based on the case study, in which a decision should be made on whether to use the existing outdated equipment to monitor pollution emissions, or buying a new piece of equipment, an Emission Systems Monitoring Instrument (ESMI), which is capable of making precise measurements, but costs money and might lead to fail the deadline (Denhardt & Denhardt, 2009, p. 362). The decision will be analyzed based on the Vroom-Yetton model, stating that the consultative leadership style will suit the described situation the best. The Vroom-Yetton model is oriented toward a single aspect of leadership behavior, which is the involvement of the followers to participate in the process of making a decision. In that regard, the situation should be assed in accordance with several criteria, after which a model of behavior will be selected, which will establish the appropriate level and pattern of delegation. In assessing the situation, the vital aspects are: the quality of the decision, the commitment of the subordinates, the knowledge of the leader, the structure of the problem, the probability of subordinates’ commitment, sharing the organizational goal, the likelihood of a conflict between subordinates, and subordinates knowledge. Thus, following such factors, it can be stated that the decision quality is of vital importance in this decision, where the collected data will be used in a presidential decision making process. In terms of commitment, it can be stated that the commitment of the subordinate to the decision is also of importance, where their experience will help in working with the obtained information in either cases. Nevertheless, it can be stated that it is of high probability that the subordinates will follow the decision and be committed to it, even if it is made only by the leader. At the same time, the leader does not have sufficient information to make the decision on his/her own, as he/she is not familiar with the new equipment, does not have knowledge of the necessary degree or precision, or the precision that the outdated equipment can provide. The latter can contribute to the problem being not well structured, where there are many vague aspects in the problem, such as the economic reasonability of buying the new e
Introduction Summary ClearSky Air faces the problem which lies with the launch of its new product-IFE. It faces the threat of losing the first-mover advantage which is necessary to heap rewards by capturing the target market’s attention (Kevin.& Kotler, 2008). Problem After the acquisition of the vendor of IFE by a rival company-DarkSword, the product would be limited for its aircraft which can earn them the title of first-mover in the in-flight entertainment before ClearSky launches it globally. Critical factors ClearSky had made the deal with SurfShof, LLC which has been acquired by the arch-rival airliner-DarkSword. Acquisition of the vendor of IFE product by the competitor airliner would result in loss of first-mover advantage and several critical issues for ClearSky. In terms of market share, the acquisition of the vendor of IFE by DardSword would mean that it will be able to introduce inflight Entertainment products in its airliners globally and capture the market share before ClearSky gets its foot in the inflight entertainment market. In terms of marketing and brand perception, the first-mover has the advantage of getting the target market’s attention. The first-mover gets the benefits of developing favorable perceptions about the product in the minds of customers. A critical look at the histories of different companies reveals that consumers treat the first-comer favorably and perceive it as having better quality. According to the law of leadership, it is better to be first than be better. Often, the name of the product which is introduced first becomes generic and people start treating it as of better quality than the late-comers (Al Ries and Jack Trout, 2001). The acquisition by DarkSword may also hit the revenue of CearSky. Around 80% of the annual profits are being drawn from cabin revenue and inflight Entertainment is important for ensuring healthy profits from cabin revenue. Thus any delay or postponement of the launch of inflight Entertainment globally can result in the shape of a revenue gap. Also, the survey results have already shown that around 58% of passengers favor the launch of Inflight Entertainment which means there is significant potential in the entertainment market. Losing on the inflight Entertainment market can hit the company hard in terms of revenue and also brand perception. The brand perception of ClearSky can be hit in the sense that after the announcement of the launch of IFE if the company retreats from the entertainment front the customers may interpret it as a bad sign for the company in terms of having problems. To maintain its brand perception and meet the expectations of passengers and other stakeholders, ClearSky has to devise strategies to strengthen its market position and brand perception by fulfilling customers’ expectations. (Ries and Trout, 2001) Another important aspect of the situation arising from the acquistiton of SurfShop, LLC is the leverage factor of ClearSky. As the aircrafts are financed by leveraged assets, the company has to keep its revenue resources rich to avoid any setbacks to avoid the risk of going bankrupt. ClearSky
Cancer comes in two forms. It can comprise tissues that are either hard or liquid-filled. They are abnormal in the sense that they are tissues found in the wrong places. Tumors can be classified as either malignant or benign. Benign tumors are the swellings that grow but do not extend to other sections of the body, meaning that, if they grow on one spot, they remain there. Therefore, benign tumors are not cancerous in nature since they do not grow back once they are removed (Broughton, 2012, p. 1609). Malignant tumors can be identified by their characteristic nature of infecting other cells in the body and converting them to bear their characteristics. Benign tumors rarely lead to death unless they develop and/or inhibit the functions of an organ in the body. On the contrary, malignant tumors have a high potential of leading to death. Treatment of tumors happens in different ways depending on the type of tumor and/or its location (Broughton, 2012, p. 1610). Most benign tumors are usually cut as a way of removing them, similar to some malignant tumors, which are cut and/or treated using chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a way of killing the infected surrounding cells. Reference Broughton, G. (2012). Tumor Size, Tumor Complexity and Surgical Approach Associated with Nephrectomy Type in Small Renal Cortical Tumors . BJU International, 109 (11), 1607-1613.
Introduction Ushpizin, which roughly translates to “holy guests” from ancient Aramaic, is a 2004 Israeli film directed by Gidi Dar and written by Shuli Rand. The latter plays the main character while his wife, Michal Rand, who had never acted before, is his spouse in the movie set as well. The picture is groundbreaking for several reasons: for starters, it is the first movie starring ultra-Orthodox Jewish actors and shot in the insular Jerusalem neighborhood Mea Shearim. What is more, Ushpizin breaks stereotypes about Hassidic marriage and challenges the commonly held beliefs about its limiting nature that promotes female subservience. This essay provides a movie analysis of Ushpizin that seeks to demonstrate that even an extremely conservative culture can be relatable to the secular viewer. Main body The movie opens by introducing the Rands’ characters: Moshe and Malli Bellanca. The Bellangas is a devout couple that is going through hard times. They are eager to start a family but seem to be reproductively challenged. Besides, Moshe and Malli are not in a good place financially and struggle to make ends meet. Right from the beginning, Ushpizin gives the viewer two strong, multidimensional characters that do not fit the stereotypes about Hassidic Jews. The wife Malli might be following a predominantly patriarchal religion, but she is not a spineless servant to her husband. If anything, she has a vibrant personality and a fiery temperament that she is not afraid to show. As for Moshe, scattered scraps of information point to his less-than-perfect past and mature transition from a secular to religious Jew. This character development is especially interesting because it allows the viewer to understand how choosing to live in faith can be independent and not indoctrinated. As the story begins, Moshe and Malli are overcome with fear and anxiety. The married couple is anything but ready to celebrate one of the most important Jewish holidays: Sukkot. The celebration takes place over a week and glorifies life essentials. It requires building a temporary shack of both deprivation and hospitality and having enough food for a seven-day feast, neither of which the Bellangas are able to afford. The couple believes that their poverty and Malli’s infertility are somehow interconnected, and they pray ceaselessly to Lord to deliver them from their troubles. Suddenly, their prayers are answered: Moshe proves to be eligible for a $1,000 donation from a yeshiva and receives a sukkah, a temporary shack, from his friend. Another miracle is instantly hosting guests
Identifying the Business The Designer Warehouse Sale outlet is located in the north of London, specifically in the area of ​​Islington. Time-Out, the British publishing house, includes it in the top ten attractions of the capital of Great Britain. Designer Warehouse Sale includes more than 120 of the most expensive and most famous designers of the world such as Vivienne Westwood, Bottega Veneta, Martin Margiela, Gucci, Celine, and many others ( Designer Warehouse Sale ). The prices are not for the middle class, despite discounts of 60-80 percent. Unlike in classic outlets, the clothes, accessories, and other products sold here are not from last year’s collections but instead are from current offers ( Designer Warehouse Sale ). Samples of showrooms, models from podiums and fashion shows, and orders canceled by customers may be found there. Several times a year, for just a few days each time, there is a great sale – from 60 percent to 80 percent off of everything. When speaking of the Designer Warehouse Sale outlet, one should note its elaborate infrastructure. For instance, there is a cafe playground and a mini-train for children, as well as other activities. Customers may find the many excellent restaurants and cafes, cinemas, and coffee shops attractive. It is expected that the influx of customers has increased due to the outlet’s close location to the Wembley Stadium. People visiting the stadium and guests from nearby hotels seem to be delighted with the discovery of the outlet. A review of the mall’s history shows that it had already proven its popularity. In addition, the Designer Warehouse Sale is also valued by retailers who want to sell unwanted reserves. Although the business seems to be effective, several recommendations could be suggested to make it even more successful. Recommendations Design of Goods and Services It is critical to expand the number of branded stores and introduce a broader variety of goods into the Designer Warehouse Sale. Outlet service is a special sales channel, where goods of expensive brands are sold for less than cost. Hugo Boss will not organize such a trade in the city center since this would interfere with the work of retailers. It should be emphasized that the outlet’s management should be attentive and informed when selecting designers to cooperate with, what should be offered to customers, and who will shop there. It is important to create a complete portrait of a potential customer, including his or her age and activity. This detailed analysis of customers will allow the preparation of the most relevant goods. Collections in the Designer Warehouse Sale should be replenished much more often than in chain stores. Some updates should appear at least once a week. At
Introduction In his oeuvre titled “Inextinguishable Fire,” Harun Farocki presents a movie that not only conforms to a short investigational documentary style but also an essayistic format linking narrations, texts, and pictures. Produced early in the legendry artist’s roughly fifty-year profession, the flick is a critique of the war in Vietnam and the industry’s role in producing deadly chemical weapons. It opens with the following tale: “When we display the images of napalm victims, you will irresistibly close your eyes for such portrayed scenes. You will also shut them to memory as well as to the facts” (Ružić 279). Analyzing images can be seen as the leitmotiv in this film. The main issues relate to the jointly incompatible manners of insight practiced in the various public spheres, blunting the gaze, and blocking communication. In assessing the creation, distribution, and consumption of imageries, he illustrates the inextricable connection between politics, media culture, violence, gesture, and technology. In her work titled “Cut Piece,” Yoko Ono performed on stage putting on a black dress while holding a pair of scissors with the audience invited to cut down her clothing. At the beginning of the film, the invited attendees are hesitant to cut her dress, but as she continues to perform, they get courage and become more intrepid. Towards the end of the movie, partakers shred the cloth to near tatters. One male participant sliced the straps of her bra, nearly exposing her breasts. She clutches up her bra to prevent the revealing of her breasts. The two films depict social challenges bewildering society; Inextinguishable Fire highlights the unscrupulous dealings in the production of lethal weapons for the Vietnam War while Cut Piece illustrates the sexual aggression met on women. Analysis of the Two Films The two films highlight violence in society in two different levels. In the Inextinguishable Fire , Farocki reads a document on both the impacts of napalm and the motives for its wide usage. To depict a minimal illustration of the special effects of napalm, he grasps off-frame for the scorching cigarette and extinguishes it on his naked forearm. A voice-over explanation records laconically that ‘the cigarette combusts at around 600 degrees Celsius; Napalm does it at roughly 3000 degrees” (Gustafsson 10). The actions portrayed in the film make an individual start thinking about whether Farocki is an activist or an artist. It entails a state of mind about a political movement (Schuppli 167). Farocki distinguishes two pictures, one printed by the opponents representing an American combatant beating a Vietnamese parochial and the other from the regular newsprint displaying the fatalities of communist vengeance. The difference between the two photos puts Vietnam more unfathomable than noticeable; no messaging whatsoever occurs between the two pictures. The images explain the ideological complexity of the unfolding discourse in
Introduction Modern research in educational techniques and strategies has focused a lot on brain research and classroom differentiation. Specifically, the field of educational neuroscience has focused a lot on the relationship between cognitive processes and classroom differentiation. A number of research studies have endeavored to explore the kind of differentiation brought about by certain brain related disorders. Some of these brain related disorders include autism and hypersensitivity, among others (Sousa & Tomlinson, 2010). As a result, this has led to the discovery of efficient tools for the management of the above named disorders. The paper is an attempt to explore how brain research supports classroom differentiation. Specifically, the paper will attempt to analyze the recent discoveries and research findings in the field of neuroscience on how a learner brain supports differentiation in a classroom setting. Emphasis shall also be placed on the learning process, and how it underscores the importance of learning. Finally, the paper will try to illustrate how research findings in the current study may be used to develop useful teaching strategies for adoption at the classroom setting. Relationship between research findings and differentiation in class rooms Differentiation in a classroom setting is brought about by differences in students’ abilities. Students’ abilities relate to the comprehension of lesson content and the application of this content to real life situations (Sousa & Tomlinson, 2010). Classroom differentiation is heavily influenced by the learning environment. The classroom environment can influence the cognitive processes in a student’s brain thereby interfering with his/her ability to comprehend the contents of a lesson. Sousa and Tomlinson (2010) have sought to classify learning environments into two major categories. First, they have categorized the learning environment into a positive environment which results in a series of cognitive processes. A positive environment elicits the production of endorphins. Endorphins are the hormones associated with feelings of excitement. Endorphins stimulate the frontal lobe which impacts heavily on our memory. Therefore, students associate feelings of excitement with learning and thus they are able to understand more lesson content. On the other hand, a negative environment results in increased production of cortisol. Cortisol combines with adrenaline to relieve the short-term memories. In a learning environment, this combination leads to increased student anxiety due memories of tragic events (Sousa & Tomlinson, 2010). The student tends to concentrate on the tragic events as opposed to the contents of a lesson. This has a huge impact on the student’s learning and comprehension of the lesson content. Also, strong negative emotions can enhance memory of tragic events. This can also impact heavily on the student’s learning ability. Importance of differentiation in the learning process The learning process encompasses continued interaction
Introduction The beverage industry is one of the first to respond to the trends prevailing in the society. At present, in the developed countries, the main trend in consumption is the interest in high-quality drinks with new flavors in a convenient package. In developing countries, there is a growing interest in branded products with high value-added as a method to meet a certain standard of living (Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, 2012). In order to evaluate the trends that are dominant in the international market, it is crucial to analyze the various management tendencies and the fast-changing practices that allow addressing the customer needs effectively. As a result, the present paper is devoted to the review of two articles that describe modern trends in the beverage industry and the analysis of their implications for managers. Summaries of the Articles The article by Berry (2016) is devoted to the upcoming trends in the beverage industry, including “better-for-you brands” (para. 1), which have been offering various products from ready-to-drink tea and coffee to carbonated and crafty drinks. The feature that unites all these brands consists of the way they are working towards avoiding excessive sugar and other potentially unhealthy ingredients and introducing ones that increase nutritional properties of the drinks, make them healthier, and offer new flavors. Berry (2016) states that these trends have been caused by consumer’s willingness to buy such healthy and otherwise useful products, implying that simple “thirst quenchers” are no longer popular (para. 39). The article by Del Buono (2016) is similar in describing the trends in the beverage industry, but it primarily illustrates one particular fashionable feature: the use of plants and “botanicals,” especially in alcohol drinks. The article describes the way the function of botanicals in the beverage industry has changed from flavoring substances to healthy, nutritious, and functional ingredients that can be employed for their color or emulsifying properties. In the end, botanicals become multifunctional components that offer multiple benefits and are approved by the customers. Del Buono (2016) extensively describes the possible reasons for customer’s approval, which include their curiosity with respect to unusual and especially sophisticated flavors, the interest in healthy and nutritious products, the aversion to chemicals, and they wish to know what ingredients constitute a product and be knowledgeable about their effects. Finally, Del Buono (2016) mentions the challenges of botanicals that include inconsistent distribution of attributes, which depends on multiple factors of plants’ growth, as well as botanicals’ tendency to affect various product properties, including shelf life. Off-putting flavors are also a possibility, but when managed appropriately, as Del Buono (2016) and Berry (2016) prove, botanicals can become a multifunctional and popular tool for the beverage industry. Beverage Industry Implications Trends and Tendencies Both of the analyzed articles have much in common in terms of the descri
My undergraduate experience has provided me with knowledge and practice that will help me become an executive assistant in a real estate firm. Furthermore, during these years of study, I have made several valuable acquaintances that might be helpful in the nearest future. However, the most important thing is that my undergraduate experience assisted me in understanding my strong and weak sides and establishing my brand. A strong personal brand is crucial for the launch of the career and further development at the workplace. A personal brand contains several characteristics, the most precious of which are expertise and unique value. In addition to that, another vital characteristic of a personal brand is the message you want to share with the world (Peter and Gomez, 2019). It is not an easy task to create a strong personal brand because this process requires a lot of hard work, effort, and constant self-improvement. The “real” world behind the walls of the university seems to be scary and unknown. Graduates often face a midlife crisis when adapting to adult life (Robbins and Wilner, 2001). The fact that I understand who I am and what my personal brand is testifies that I have successfully coped with this crisis phase of my life. The primary characteristic of my personal brand is tenacity and diligence. Being a student, I manage to combine internships with study and leisure activities. What is more, I am a perfectionist and always strive to complete any assignment at the highest level. In spite of the fact that I do not possess enough expertise in the field of real estate, I am willing to acquire new knowledge and develop new skills. If I had to describe my personal brand in one sentence, I would say that I always strive forward and set big goals. There are multiple ways to communicate your personal brand, including interaction with colleagues and potential employers, mentoring other people, and asking for recommendations. In the epoch of social media, it is also essential for mass-media channels to demonstrate a personal brand (Kramer, 2012). In other words, you should be visible and active on social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn because it is the way to present yourself as an expert.