ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Music has been developing alongside societal, political, and cultural changes. Looking at what style of music was particularly popular at a given point in history may reveal what society has been going through at that time. The 2000s was a decade of turmoil and political changes that drastically changes the societal and economic environment not only in the United States but also worldwide. As George W. Bush won the election and became a new leader, the economic expansion that preceded the election came to a significant halt, and the tragedy at the World Trade Center became a defining event in launching the struggle against terrorism. The musical industry reflected these challenges. The alternative rock scene that emerged in the 1980’s and gained further popularity in the 1990’s provided the youth of the 2000’s with a soundtrack to the emotional struggles that they experienced in the environment of fear, changes, and severe pressure. In this paper, the influence of the alternative rock scene on the shaping of the early 2000s will be explored to determine how music reflected the changes that society was experiencing. The contribution of Linkin Park as a key player in the alternative rock scene will be placed in the center of the research. The album Hybrid Theory will be analyzed in greater detail for pointing out themes that arose as a result of turmoil as well as discovering its emotional, musical, and stylistic backbone. Review of Literature The Social and Political Landscape of the 2000s The 2000s have been defined by historians as “America’s lost decade” when the country lost its international superiority and “punted the mantle of global supremacy to China” (Burnett). Events that took place at the very beginning of the decade were the most influential due to their traumatic nature. In 2000, the United States experienced “the most unfair US election ever,” in which Al Gore won by majority although Bush won the electoral college (Kettle). This is similar to the way the current President won the election. One year in Bush’s presidency, the United States was traumatized by the terrorist attack of September 11th, which subsequently led to the country going into war against terrorism, warranting the administration “near-dictatorial power” (Burnett). The efforts of the Republican-led government to convince Americans that the administration was competent to continue its rule resulted in Bush defeating Kerry in the next election despite the ongoing invasion and armed action in Iraq. Nevertheless, by 2005 the society started to wake up and recognize that the existing government deteriorated the country’s position. Thus, the social and political environment of the early 2000s was challenging for society, and the music scene of that period brilliantly reflected the struggle. Alternative Rock Scene of the Early 2000s Rebelling against the established rules and pointing out the flaws that existed in the society at that time were primary messages that alternative ro
Introduction Nathaniel Hawthorne has primarily used symbolism in his work as a style of narrative maneuver. A symbol like the black color has been used to denote the veil itself. It is a symbol of evil and secret sin of humanity. The veil representation has been commonly used to illustrate fear of the unknown and the rigidity in the puritan society. Besides, the typical nuance veil has rested in the somatic and conceptual disadvantage that it establishes, amid the minister and his brethren and the shame that it articulates. Hawthorne (89) describes that the congregation trust that the exterior exhibits offers evidence in regard to a person’s essential features, thus his or her incredible comportment. Hence by embracing the veil, the minister diminishes the authority on which the faithful can accurately envisage his conduct. This causes isolation of the minister with his congregation, although he is made reckless already by simple action of wearing the veil. Fragment of the terrifying effect of veil descends from consciousness (Meyer, 65). The consciousness alludes that the other person is capable of seeing without being identified or seen himself. This is illustrated by members of the congregation when they say “the most blameless girl and the man of cynical breast sensed as if the minister had crept on them. Behind this dreadful veil, revealed their amassed unfairness of deed (Hawthorne, 113) As the congregation cannot aptly predict where the minister is gazing, they trust and assume that they are being watched diligently than normal. This hypothesis is reinforced by the theme of the discourse, which “had typified furtive evil and the miserable secrecies which people skin from the rest of society”. Hence, the ministers exemplify the responsibility of “God”, whose probing examination can decode secret mystery of an individual of the soul. Equally, the wearing of the veil is a signal of being guilty. As a classic illustration for the society, the minister accordingly infers that individuals have to accept the same. The minister criticizes the people by being chauvinistic and fallen from the philosophy of ethics. They are extremely concerned, with the growing power drilled over them in embracing shared uniqueness of Puritan America. This is apparent in fundamental battle amid the people and society (Hawthorne, 79). The Minister’s black veil symbol can also be illustrated clearly on the universal variance between puritanism and sensitivity, which is the attitude tha
The frame of reference The Vatican refuses to bless same-sex marriages saying that this is not in accordance with the canons of the Roman Catholic Church since marriage is a union of a man and a woman (Gjelten, 2021). Although Pope Francis has previously spoken out in support of same-sex marriage, the Vatican emphasizes that this position is not discriminatory. Minority members who enter into same-sex unions cannot receive the blessing of the Catholic Church. Grounds for comparison This is a controversial issue since from one point, it is unacceptable to give blessings to same-sex unions since marriage is an inextricable union of a man and a woman for the birth of a new life (The Associated Press, 2021). However, members of minorities also have the right to a family. Thesis The inability to give the blessing to same-sex marriages is not discrimination against sexual minorities since they can register same-sex unions in civil life.
Introduction One of the most notable aspects of the contemporary geopolitical situation in the world has to do with the ongoing confrontation between Russia and the US: something that might lead towards the outbreak of the nuclear WW3 and result in the destruction of human civilization as we know it. After all, throughout the last few years Russian President Vladimir Putin has been warning the US military strategists that, contrary to what most of them assume, the would-be military clash between Russia and the US will not be limited to the European theater only. Russia’s newly emerged military capacities (reflective of the country’s possession of new supersonic missiles and nuclear doomsday-torpedoes), substantiate the full validity of this warning (Reif, 2018). This raises much concern among citizens in the US and causes many of them to wonder whether there is any rationale in assuming that Russia is indeed America’s “natural enemy”. By researching the issue at length, the author will aim to contribute to answering this question. The hypothesis that is to be tested is as follows: Russia and the US are potentially capable of being strategic partners. The research-process will be concerned with reviewing the relevant literature and subjecting the would-be acquired insights to an interpretative inquiry. Literature Review To acquire a better understanding of the subject matter in question, it will be logical to outline what account for the main contemporary grievances against each other, on the part of both the US and Russia. As far as America’s accusations of Russia are being concerned, they can be summarized as follows:   * Russia has illegally annexed the Crimea peninsula from Ukraine in 2014, following of the outbreak of yet another “democratic revolution” in this country. According to the representatives of the US State Department, this development constituted a grave violation of international law. It is also referred to by the media as the proof that Vladimir Putin is generally “evil” and obsessed with the idea conquering the world (McDougal, 2015).   * Russia has meddled in the 2016 Presidential elections in the US, which resulted in the election of Donald Trump as the President
Writing of academic articles and term papers has often been a challenge to many students and I am not an exception. Academically, excellent writing skills aid in getting satisfactory grades. Sadly, I did not only have poor writing skills, but also a poor command of English. To improve my writing, I had to learn how to write proficiently by taking writing skills as an extra unit. Besides allocating more time to my extra unit, I had to do research on ways of improving my writing skills. Tutors at a writing center, my lecturer, and frequent analysis of my low-graded papers assisted in improving my writing. Overcoming the hurdle of my writing inadequacy was not an easy task; however, collaboration between my lecturers and other experts in the writing center proved vital in ameliorating my writing skills especially in organization, spelling/grammar, and the overall quality of my work among others. The first step in improving my writing skills was to analyze my written work critically. I had to rely on other students with strong writing skills to correct my papers. Most of my term papers had poor grades because of the spelling and grammar mistakes, lack of clarity and poor content. Rarely did the lecturer award any mark on the spelling and grammar slots. For example, the common comments on my papers included, “read your work before submission” or “read widely to improve your grammar”. The last remark on my papers was always “below average”. Consequently, the disheartening comments resulted into terrible low-grades. From the comments and the results of the papers, my education was in crisis. Therefore, I had to read novels widely, and other articles to improve the grammar and spelling. While reading the novels, I had to note the spelling of new words and check their meanings from the dictionary. The new advanced learner’s dictionary was my companion. Furthermore, I collected papers from my colleagues who performed better in class. Through reading and analyzing their papers, I was able to note the significant difference between the organization and content of their papers with mine. Eventually, I started receiving positive comments from my lecturer. Secondly, I had to form a positive student-teacher relationship between my teacher and I. with my goals well outlined the lecturer was not hesitant in assisting me in improving my writing skills. The lecture
Views in the article As opined by Nelson (2007), a food restaurant’s reputation hinges on workers’ performance and conduct. The ways a business owner handles potential clients and employees determine the output of such a restaurant. Motivated employees are very receptive to new processes when management teams implement business proposals. Workers should be allowed to support any operation process by modeling affordable tickets for clients. As a result, the workers would be in a position to positively enhance the atmosphere of the restaurant’s business operation. Waiters and chefs who have excelled in their duties should be rewarded through public appreciation and acknowledgment during the morning conventions. This is important to motivate workers for their excellent performance and encourage them to keep on with a festive work spirit (Nelson, par.6). The management team should meet with each worker. This is to identify approaches the worker may wish to be used by a restaurant’s administration to motivate them towards optimal output and personal growth. For instance, the management team should invest in employee skill-building exercises. Open communication is valuable when equally exercised among employees. The attitude of respect should be upheld, and mutual relationships need to be maintained among the employees, from the waiter to the executive chef (Nelson, par. 9). Application in the Hun Chinese Restaurant business environment Managing a restaurant can be a challenging and exciting experience at the same time. With hard work, determination, and effective organization, I believe that the Hun Chinese Restaurant will operate virtually. My knowledge on how to organize each resource in control would support the business to develop, attract more consumers, and enhance the profit of the project. Promoting employees’ morale is an important aspect that would grow the project. I will strive to never undermine the workers since employees should f
Introduction The current era is the era of growth. It is the era of globalization. The world is growing shorter and closer with organizations stepping out of the boundaries of their home countries spreading all around the world. Business means so much more than what it did just some decades ago and it’s getting harder and harder to compete and maintain the market share in this ever-evolving market. Hence, a competitive strategy is essential for industries in this modern world. Keeping in mind Porter’s Competitiveness Theory, the USAID (US Agency for International Development) aspires to create and provide the developing countries the competitive strategies for its various industries to help them become competitive in their respective areas and prosper in the national as well as the international market. Competitiveness Competitiveness can be defined in terms of two different levels. Firm Competitiveness refers to the position of a particular firm in the market within the related industry. The better the firm performs, the bigger the competitive advantage it has and the more it can differentiate its product from those of the competitors, the more are the chances for it to succeed in the market and sustain its market sha
There is no use denying the fact that alternative sources of energy can become the best solution to the question of energy security. It is evident that traditional authorities are efficient, and their manufacturing process is aligned, though they are limited, and that is why new ways should be found. With this in mind, it is possible to draw peoples attention to ethanol. Being not a new source of energy, it still should be investigated in order to understand some central aspects of its usage and manufacturing. First of all, it is possible to start an analysis underlining its main and incontestable advantage. Ethanol is cleaner than all other sources of energy. Under current conditions, it is essential. There is a significant number of problems connected with ecology nowadays. That is why it is vital to introduce some new kind of fuel which will be able to reduce the level of emissions ( Ethanol , n.d.). Resting on this fact, ethanol seems to be the best choice under current conditions. Additionally, this kind of fuel is rich in O2, which means that ethanol can also be taken as one of the most efficient powers among other alternative sources of energy. Additionally, there is one more fact which can be taken as a great advantage of this kind of fuel. It is connected with the process of its manufacturing. Traditional fuels are made of oil, which is very difficult to obtain. Giant platforms should be created in order to extract oil from underground layers. Being a very complicated process, it can often lead to some accidents, which can result in peoples death. However, the production of ethanol is secure, and there is no need for some strict security measures. Nevertheless, ethanol can be produced from different kinds of substances which are usually used in the food industry. That is why it is possible to say that ethanol is an almost inexhaustible source of energy ( Ethanol Fuel Basics , n.d.) as it just needs some products created by farmers. However, easiness of its production is not the only advantage of this kind of fuel. Taking into account the great significance of the issue of poverty nowadays, it is possible to say that the low price of ethanol can be taken as another evidence of its advanced character. The thing is that ethanol is cheaper than gasoline. It is determined by a significant number of different factors. It has already been stated that the process of manufacturing ethanol is less complicated than the method of manufacturing gasoline. That is why its price becomes lower. Additionally, there are some countries that are known to be the leading manufacturers of gasoline, and fuel should be transported from
Introduction Tawazun Economic Council is one of the entities mandated by the government to promote diversification of the United Arab Emirates’ economy. Established in 1992, the primary goal of this institution is to identify and pursue new ventures in different sectors of the economy to boost growth. The council has always focused on modern technologies as a way of promoting the country’s socio-economic and political development in the region (Oxford Business Group 146). It has collaborated with various defense contractors at the global level to enable the government to have access to modern military hardware at relatively low costs. Some of the industries that this entity has also explored include shipbuilding, aircraft leasing, district cooling, fish farming, agriculture, healthcare, education, and banking (Oxford Business Group 148). The management of the council must understand that the ability to realize the mandate depends on how effective the institution is in its local and global operations. In this paper, the focus is to use strategic management principles and theoretical concepts such as Porter’s Five Forces to analyze the industry and competitiveness of the council. Industry Analysis Type of Industry When analyzing the industry in which this firm operates, it is necessary to start by defining its type. Küng-Shankleman explains that there are four different types of industries, which include monopolistic, oligopolistic, perfectly competitive, and hypercompetitive industries (56). Tawazun Economic Council operates in a monopolistic industry, where it is the only dominant player. Although some of the industries where it invests its resources may be highly competitive, it does not share the same mandate with any other institution in the country. The monopolistic nature of its operations offers it an opportunity to expand its reach to foreign markets. Develop and Change in the Industry Life Cycles It is also important to analyze change and development of the industry based on the concept of industry life cycles. The stage of this industry can be described as growth based on the life cycle model shown in figure 1 below. The firm has just passed the development stage and it is currently experiencing considerable growth. Although the level of
Social problems, especially those that are closely connected with education, have always been a subject of scrutiny not only of social sciences but also of literature and cinematography. However, we cannot say that the peculiarities and the problems of public education, especially in the context of racism, were so often explored in the movies. Naturally, it is quite possible for us to give some examples. However, it will not be an exaggeration to say that the film “Freedom Writers” really attracts our attention to these problems. This movie, based on the book “The Freedom Writers Diary” by the teacher Erin Gruwell was released in 2007 and cause deep resonance because it threw light upon the drawbacks of public education, which have been practically disregarded for a very long time. It seems that the American society just turned a blind eye and a deaf ear to them. As far as the plot of this film is concerned, we can summarize it in the following way. The movie concentrates on a teacher who tries to break the deep-rooted racial stereotypes, which are so common among his students. She teaches them about World War II and especially about the Holocaust. Slowly but surely, the main character begins to win the respect of her students. She manages to reform her students and helps them to enter college or university. However, this is what lies on the surface, and there are many messages that the makers of the movie are trying to convey. As we have already mentioned, there are many other interesting aspects in “Freedom Fighters.”It goes without saying that some of them are not stated explicitly, but the authors try to show it in a very subtle way. First of all, the makers of the movie try to show that the country itself does not pay too much attention the public schools, especially in the inner cities. Moreover, this statement can be pr
Introduction Capitalist entrepreneurs base their decision in possible returns after proper calculations. They believe in the existence free entry and exit to market and the adequate flow of the factors of production. Thus, there is a wide market where profits are directly proportion to innovations and efficiency in the production. While modern bureaucracy is the administration means where appropriate knowledge vital and vested rights of an individual is purely on efficient in performances. Weber affirm that credential of an individual should be based on qualification which is evident in the modern society where formal education is emphasized. Discussion According to Weber “it is not ideas, but material and ideal interests that directly govern men’s conduct. The ‘world images’ have been created by ‘ideas’ along which actions have been pushed by dynamic of interest” (Weber, Gerthand Turner 280). The ideas act as a base for one to carve appropriate actions avenue to inspire revolution and development leading to capitalist entrepreneurs. Thus, it is not capitalism that threaten individual creativity but the increasing bureaucracies dominance due to rationalization process. The existence of capitalist entrepreneurs will lay a good foundation for competition that will lead to increase in innovative ideas hence the increase in opportunities. The growth is brought about by social transformation which is dramatically fueled by individuals calling accompanied by a need to change the social life. It is the differences in economy and social lives that have to the developments in the bureaucracy in order to level it. Modern bureaucracy to some extent being more perfectly leads to dehumanization especially when it succeeds completely in criminating emotional elements, hatred and love for business in personal gain that escapes proper calculations. This is a consideration as it is partially a virtue of capitalism as material gains is necessary condition. Advancing in bureaucracy calls for more specialization and division of labor in order to have suitable foundation of administration hence, the need for trained experts who would displaces the traditional way of leadership (Edles and Appelrouth 217). The legal system in the bureaucrats has led to the development of capitalist entrepreneurs in that each person is treated as having right which regulated in the commercial dealings. There is universal citizenship where each person has equal rights despite the religion, tribe and class differences. There is the need for professionalism and expertise these matters. The capitalist are the wealth owner even if they do not directly involve in the production. Similarly one can be a solder without being the owner of the gun but they are given the mandate to use it where necessary. The legal system thus ensures that individual rights are not violated when one is doing his or her duty ((Weber, Gerth and Turner 168). Consequently, for bureaucracy to advance there is need for proper planning and