ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Environmental psychology and place identity, as a part of it, helps researchers to investigate and analyze unique qualities, features and individuality of a person from a certain geographical place. The aim of the research is to investigate the issue of place identity and illustrate this problem with real life examples and cases. In general, the tension between the common and the individual in identity formation holds the analytic solution to understanding the relationships between identity and place. Having opened the issue of differences, the research will explore the implications of differentiation. Place and setting have a great impact on individual identity and individuality formation. Traditional identity envisions an “organic” society characterized by numerous distinctions of a moral, habitual, and authoritative variety. Identity relies on a setting that continually divides the society on the basis of a single indicator of certain characteristics. And ethical distinctions have no place in environmental theory. Identity and social traditionalism do not easily cohabit. What begins socially as the promise of a common vision of identity becomes a recipe for a failure of governance as divisions are exacerbated. The traditionalist identity is one that implicitly favors one society, and very nearly one race, over others. The individualist identity avoids the problems of race, gender, and class by resolving all issues into a matter of identity striving. Taken by itself, neither deals with the world as critics know it: a global society in which race, gender, religion, nationality, class, and culture are very real indeed, and in which the ethical superiority of one over another cannot be easily demonstrated. Identity analysis is consistent with the view that social knowledge takes place not through the exposure of divine truth, or of an absolute morality, but through the working out of dealings between individual promptings and social interactions (Sokolowski, 2000). The phenomenological research will be used to analyze the problem of identity and its relation to place. In general, qualitative research designs in the social sciences stem from traditions in anthropology and sociology, where the philosophy emphasizes the basis of a study, the elaborate description of the “meaning” of phenomena for the people or culture under examination. Often in a qualitative design only one subject, one case, or one unit is the focus of investigation over an extended period of time. The phenomenological researcher “collects” the realities of the participants and the interpretations of their constructions. The first step, open description, is for the subject merely to describe directly his or her experience as completely as possible, extemporaneously, with no consideration of cause or origin. Even though phenomenology is private and holistic, it can be defended as not antiscience. It is this inability to abstract that forms the existential nature of psychology. That is, general laws and theories c
Abstract This paper discusses football as a business and more so, focuses on Manchester United as one of the most recognized football clubs in England. The paper analyses the clubs business strategy, its competitive position as compared to other clubs, its resources and capabilities and finally how it can improve on its management strategies to ensure survival. Introduction Currently, Football is considered as one of the business industry that is growing tremendously. The business strategy used in football can easily be retrieved since the competition in the football arena has been found to be highly structured and the results easily and clearly measured. The outcomes are measured in the line of success in financial management, performance at the pitch, the number of games won and lost, the number of trophies won within certain duration of time and also the league positions (Szymanski, 1998, pp 47-54). The wage costs that were recorded in the English Premier League clubs in 2005/2006 increased to above EUR 850 million. The clubs that attained the first five positions recorded wage costs as follows; Chelsea 114 million, Manchester United 85 million, Arsenal 83 million and Newcastle United 52 million. The wage cost is however expected to hit more than 1 billion Euros in the Premier league in the near future (Waltersdorf, 2007). Manchester United and arsenal were recorded to have spent more than 250 million euro in the process of expanding their stadia. Manchester United has been considered as one of the most successful English football club within the last two decades. It has won the premier league eight times since 1992, the FA cup it has won more than five times since 1970. The club has also performed so well financially generating an income of £249 of which 66m of this was reported as profit and this was between the years 1992 and 1997 (Szymanski, 1998, pp 47-54). Q. Identify Manchester United’s strategy and explain its rationale. Manchester United football club has been known currently as one of the best football clubs in the world. The top five current stakeholders of the club include; Malcolm and family, Magnier and McMarui, Fans (shareholders), Mount barrow investment limited and many others (Walker et al, 2004). The management has tried so much with fruitful efforts to focus the team towards the perspective of making money while winning trophies. The club from its early stages was rescued when it was almost collapsing in 1902, by J.H. Davies who was a local brewer. He contributed heavily towards the development of the Old Trafford ground, which later after completion became one of the leading stadiums in the North England, hosting cup finals and Semi-finals of the Football Association (Szymanski, 1998, pp 47-54). Manchester United has for many years become a team of expensive players, which have for the years played attractive football hence attracti
A small poem “On Being Brought from Africa to America,” written by Phillis Wheatley, is a vivid reflection of not only the idea of religion but also a freedom (Wheatley). As it is known, Wheatley became the first African American woman to print her book in the US ( On Being Brought from Africa to America 1). Perhaps, this fact allowed the author to get enough popularity so that her works could be studied with great interest. This poem tells the story of the equality of all races and the higher power, about her closeness to God. Wheatley thanks him for being able to show her the light and taking her away from pagan ideas in which she lived before. Perhaps, she chose this title because, in her opinion, it was the more civilized American way of life that enabled her to learn about God, which she could not have done in Africa, on the land of her ancestors. The line “Once I redemption neither finding nor knew” reflects the title best (Wheatley). The whole work is written in the spirit of gratitude and call to join the idea of ​​equality and unity. There are a few words in the poem that in many ways emphasize the mood of the author and convey her desire to reflect her idea to readers. One of such words is “mercy,” which appears in the first line (Wheatley). Probably, the central idea, which the poet wanted to show by her work, was encrypted in this line. Her attempt to demonstrate readers her awareness of something high is expressed precisely by this word. Calling for help Christianity as one of the ideas of the struggle for equality, the author seeks to destroy stereotypes and unite people ( On Being Brought from Africa to America 8). Therefore, her poem has such inner strength and light. Works Cited “On Being Brought from Africa to America.” Shmoop , Web. Wheatley, Phillis. “On Being Brought from Africa to America.” Poetry Foundation , Web.
The problem that seemed to me the most urgent was described in Kington’s essay. The essay is called “I’m Gay and African American: As a Dad, I Still Have It Easier Than Working Moms”, and it raises an issue of the day. Kington says it is easier to be African American and gay than a mother who works. He argues that decisions that a woman makes (for example, to leave work) are always more condemned than a man’s decisions. He reinforces this assertion with the example of his mother, who was forced to end her career to care for the children while his father was doing his medical practice. Kington also mentioned that if a man brings a child to work, it will be perceived as something nice. In the case of a woman, people will not have this reaction. I decided to answer this essay because the role of the working mother in society is still relevant to our time. It is perfectly accurate that “gender stereotypes depict women as relationship-oriented and concerned about others” (Morgenroth 54). Thus, society makes a woman out of a man who cannot be equal in rights and duties with a man. For example, a man who chooses a career instead of raising children will be judged less than a woman who makes the same choice. It is also obvious that a woman who allows her child to be at work will be judged immediately. This can lead to the fact that “the stereotype-based negativity directed at mothers in work settings is likely to be exacerbated” (Morgenroth 55). However, a woman has the right to choose a career by hiring a nanny for her children or leaving her father to raise them. The negative opinion of society about working mothers means that a woman does not have equal rights with men, which is wrong because all people have the right to choose. Work Cited Morgenroth, Thekla. “Should I stay or should I go? Implications of maternity leave choice for perceptions of working mothers.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 72, 2017. pp. 53-56.
Abstract Globalization is the process by which people from different geographical regions exchange ideas, products, information and other resources. The world is more connected than ever before because of advances made in technology, transport, communication systems and education. Globalization has made it easy for different people to share political ideas, trade links and cultural resources. This has increased trade volumes between different countries because many countries have opened up their economies to foreign investments. Globalization has made some countries to influence global politics on a larger scale because of the power they wield internationally. Multinational corporations have also become more powerful because of the role they play in international trade. Microsoft, Samsung, Apple, Coca Cola and Walmart have a large influence on global trade and commerce. Introduction Globalization is the exchange of ideas between people in different regions which enables the sharing of political, economic and cultural resources. Globalization influences important global systems and has enabled many countries in the world sustain good bilateral relations with other countries. The end of the cold war increased the rate of globalization because more countries realized the importance of participating in international trade. The advent of mobile phones, internet and other technologies, has increased the level of connectivity in the world. This has opened up different regions in the world because people can communicate more easily compared to the past. This paper will discuss globalization and its impacts in the world. Economic Globalization This form of globalization can be seen through increase in foreign trade, commerce and foreign investments in different countries.There has been a reduction in trade barriers, which in the past made it difficult for some countries to take part in international trade. Economic globalization has made some countries implement favorable domestic policies to make their goods more competitive in the international market. China, Brazil, Malaysia, South Korea and India, are some of the nations that have implemented favorable policies, that encourage foreign investors to set up their operations there. These countries export large volumes of goods to many regions in the world because their products are priced competitively (Ritzer, 2011, p. 89). They also have large manufacturing
Chapter 6 starts with an exhaustive summary of the law of criminal provocation. After the mentioned overview, there is an expedient examination of comparatively recent findings within the scope of the self-control theories that raise the issue of several established approaches to frame questions related to a choice and hostile aggressions. Then, there is a concise analysis of the SIP framework of the decision-making process of individuals. This analysis provides the reader with the opportunity to get acquainted with the essentials of the SIP model, which may assist a practitioner in identifying the dysfunction in a social cognitive process. Moreover, it can become clear how the latter interacts with a number of underlying mental elements – starting from attitudes and ending with values, as well as with non-conscious operations that are considerably impacted by an individual’s societal and cultural foundations. It should be noted that the chapter introduces five steps of the SIP model – encoding of cues, interpretation of cues, the clarification of goals, attempts to access potential responses to relevant societal demands founded on information stored in memory, and the evaluation of the responses (Ashford & Kupferberg, 2013). Hence, the chosen reading shows the essence of the SIP framework, as well as the way it maintains actual evidence-based models of self-control related to evaluating reactive crimes of violence. Then, this pattern gives significant guidance for establishing the link between the life experience of capital defendants and violent choice and action. Finally, it might be assumed that in the micro-social work practice context, the chapter lays out an overall structure for the development of a hypothesis to account for important constraints upon defendants’ volitional capabilities founded on either biological or societal cognitive deficiencies. Reference Ashford, J. B. & Kupferberg, M. (2013). Death penalty mitigation: A handbook for mitigation specialists, investigators, social scientists, and lawyers . Oxford University Press.
Social science strives to study society to help it run smoothly. Any given role, profession, or career in society uses general social sciences principles, as social sciences provide the knowledge to analyze individuals, small groups, and community as a whole. This essay will explore how social sciences could help advance careers in any professional field by helping to develop social, political, and cultural skills while using two models of discourse, description, and argument. In the current economic state, students should excel in various areas to be valued in the labor market. Social sciences qualifications provide students with a great variety of knowledge in multiple fields and help develop essential skills needed to establish a great career in any area. Social science graduates use their skills to communicate effectively and concisely with other people. Other skills include the well-developed skill to research, collect, analyze and use information, skills to understand other people’s motives and intentions, the overall structure of the society, and face feedback positively. The developed ability to use critical thinking is crucial in some careers; as Staines pointed out, students use their critical thinking to bring various pieces together in a way that makes sense (32). In general, social studies refine student’s minds and essential ways of thinking that are used not only in careers that include engaging with customers or clients but in a wide variety of careers, as they The ability to thoroughly analyze information combined with general knowledge of social structure could benefit a possible future career in the political field. Even if individuals do not express a desire to pursue a career in politics, a developed adult should understand the direction of modern politics and care for the ongoing event in the county and the world. As a considerable portion of the classes is focused on learning about government and political ideas, I have made useful conclusions for myself, and now I can imagine what my possible future life would look like. In addition, social studies help improve the ability to state opinions and argue while influencing the views of others. Another great point that students learn in social studies that lack in society nowadays is taking moral responsibility for their actions (Bos, 59). The overall political aspect of the skills I acquired through social studies involves being able to conduct an opinion on any issue, defend an opinion, influence others, and be accountable for personal views. In the age of globalization, describing an opinion is not enough. An individual should learn and possess enough cultural skills to stay in the lane of positivity in the context of cultural correctness. While not every student has enough opportunities to connect with people from every other culture, how possible careers might take turns are unknown. The majority of successful companies have branches across the world, and while the company’s ethics stay the same within the company, departments could possess cultural differences. There
Introduction The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams depicts the depression era and its impact on a small Southern family in St. Louis. Williams portrays that the family in financial trouble: the father has abandoned his wife and two children, both of whom are now young adults. The main problem is that the family cannot cope with economic crisis lost in dreams about prosperity and wealth. Thesis Williams portrays that false values and ideals imposed by Amanda on her children result in loosing hopes and desperation. The plot of the play In the play, Williams depicts people waiting for better days but unable to cope with reality and financial crisis. It is possible to say that Amanda, the mother, has a great impact on values and ideals of children. On the one hand, Amanda knows she must do what it takes to keep the bills paid. On the other hand, she cherishes the remembrances of the days back in Blue Mountain, with gentlemen callers and hoards of jonquils surrounding her: “One Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain-your mother received-seventeen!-gentlemen callers!” (Williams, p. 8). Williams admits
Margaret Bourke-White was a leading American photographer of her time who managed to become one of the world’s central figures in the new field of photo-journalism. Ordinary people from the most different parts of our planet are familiar with her incredible works such as Ekaterina Dzhugashvili’s (Joseph Stalin’s mother) and Gandhi’s photographic portraits. Bourke-White was an ingenious specialist of her day being able to show different objects of people’s life in a very unusual style. Evaluating Margaret Bourke-White’s work, it is important to notice that she was an unconditional leader in the area of industrial photography, creative designer whose cover images and formatting concepts were used by the headmost publications of her day, and some of the most successful photographers in the western world well respected not only in her own country, but in the countries of antagonistic world of socialism. Discussing Margaret Bourke-White’s creative activity, it is important to begin from the skill which made her a central figure in American photo-journalism. Bourke-White developed a unique technique of lighting with phosphorous which made her the best photographer in the area of industrial shooting. This technique was ingenious for those times (the 1920s). Due to this incredible skill, she received an advantageous proposal from Otis Steel Company being in her twenties. Her works were noticed by a number of popular journalist publications including a Fortune magazine. In 1929, Bourke-White accepted commercial proposal of that magazine, and began her thriving photo-journalism career. This career brought her world’s fame, as she became one of a few photographers who had an opportunity to shoot images in the countries of socialist world which were in antagonism with the United States (“Bourke-White, Margaret” par. 15). Among Bourke-White’s exclusive works are the photos of the First Five-Year Plan in the Soviet Union, the daily struggle of the Allied infantrymen in the Italian campaign, the siege of Moscow, and the conflict between India and Pakistan (“Bourke-White, Margaret” par. 16, 17, 18). She also made a great contribution into feministic movement. In particular, Bourke-White was the first woman with an access to industrial objects for shooting, and the first woman-photographer allowed shooting during the WWII (Bourke-White 35, 168, 223). During the period of her career, Bourke-White resorted to the use of the most diversified equipment available those days. She used a whole range of cameras from small pocket box cameras, 35mm cameras, wooden view cameras to a big camera designed for photography in the air. Bourke-White preferred optically complex lenses produced in Germany. Below, some of her famous works will be addressed. The image of Fort Peck Dam construction (Picture 1) became the first cover sheet for Life
The world of ethical sciences stands on two primary principles – consequentialism and deontological theories. Each hypothesis is divided into many subsequent branches, which form a more detailed picture of the moral teachings. There is a significant difference between the two approaches, which will be further discussed in the paper. Summarily, consequentialism mainly judges the moral worth of actions results, while deontological ethics focus more on the nature of the acts as a whole. When talking about consequentialism, this principle evokes biased thoughts in my head. It is simple in the core theory believing that normative properties only depend on consequences (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2019). When I reflected on it, I realized that this historical theory was embedded in us as children, when parents talked about what would be the consequences of a particular action. Consequentialism is built around the belief that what is best is whatever makes our world or at least our lives better, emphasizing that the past cannot be changed. To some extent, I relate to this theory; however, the morality of actions does not depend on the act’s outcomes, rather a combination of a deed, its the intention, and then the result. The most well-known branch of the consequentialism theory is utilitarianism. This morality approach was first proposed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, who described it as a form of comparison of the action’s consequence utility and followed a goal of bringing happiness to as many people as possible (LaFolette, 2007). Personally, this method does not fully represent my way of thinking, as utilitarianism concentrates entirely on the ending result of the actions, justifying or ignoring the means of how it is done. Despite that the beliefs of the theory to be absurd in a way, consequentialism may explain some conventional humane institutions. People tend to presume that they need to do good when they can; therefore, any ethical constraints or moral choices must be determined and added to the theory’s just reasoning (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2019). In case objections are absent for anything beyond the consequences, they may be the determinant of the rightful morality of an action, which is the foundation of the consequentialism theory. Nevertheless, my personal beliefs do not tend to lean towards this theory, although I do not disavow it either. The deontological theories correspond to my personal values more, as they focus on the morality of the actions. The main principles of this hypothesis rely on the ethical rules based on which the acts are judged. Contemporary philosophy tractates deontology as a set of normative standards, which determine what is right or wrong, forbidden, or permitted (Alexander & Moore, 2016). The theory provides people with a guide of what they ought to do