ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In certain stages of life or in the case a person has terminal illness death is inevitable and for that reason, the only thing that helpsis to control the pain in these patients. As stated by Saunders (2007) most patients at the dying stage will experience symptoms such as pain, vomiting, nausea, respiratory secretions, fatigue, and dyspepsia. All these symptoms are painful and therefore the main goal of hospice careis to control or reduce the pain experienced by patients.As stated by Connor (1998), “the patient and the family are a critical part of the hospice team.” Pain control in patients is of interest to both the patient, their families and the government has a role to play in ensuring that it issues guidelines that regulate hospice care. The law that regulates hospice care also requires that pain control should be the main goal in hospice care. In hospice care, the use of medication is the main method that controls pain even though there are other known methods of pain control. The main work of a hospice nurse is to deal with patients who have severe pain.As stated by Jackson and Abraham (2005),Nurses should give pain control medication in appropriate time and we should not always respond due to distress in patients. The use of medication has become the main method of pain control among patients. The use of narcotics has widely been applied in reducing pain among patients. Even though the use of narcotics is an effective method of pain control, respiratory depression is a major side effect resulting from it. Respiratory depression is a condition whereby the breathing of a patient becomes slow and weaker and in severe cases, the breathing may stop. The termination of breathing resulting from the use of narcotics in most cases is temporary but in some cases, it might be permanent resulting in the death of the patient. This is just one of the examples of the side effects caused by the use of medication in pain control. Hospice service other medicationsand most of them if not allhave side effects. The question of the type of medication or the dosage for a patient therefore remains a major concern to us when we are providing hospice care services. In hospice care the death of the patient although in some cases being inevitable should be prevented and incase it occurs it should not result from a mistake committed by a hospice service provider. Pain management in this stage of life is a right to the patient and a duty to the caregiver. Even though this is the obligation of hospice care, most families have stated that at the end of their lives most of their loved ones suffered from pain due to lack of treatment (Jackson & Abraham, 2005). In order to be effective in my duties as a hospice service provider then applying the standard protocols in prescribing medication is essential. These protocols outline the methods for changing, increasing the dosage, or adjusting the medication used in pa
Similarly to the linguistic turn in the social sciences, studying of organizational strategies from the discursive point of view has become popular today (Liu & Maitlis, 2014). However, the impact of emotions on strategizing processes is seldom investigated, even though emotions are important in discourse. Therefore, it is paramount to fill in this gap; Liu and Maitlis (2014) address it via studying strategic conversations during seven top management meetings. Statement of Purpose or Aims The aim of the study by Liu and Maitlis (2014) was to investigate the relationship between the patterns of emotions demonstrated by the participants of top management strategy meetings, on the one hand, and the manner in which the top managers offered, considered, and assessed strategic questions and problems, as well as how they made or delayed making decisions pertaining to these questions and problems, on the other hand (p. 203). Literature Review The scope of the literature review includes the research of various strategizing discourses. According to the literature, demonstrations of emotions often provide considerable contributions to the discourse when it comes to the meaning of the latter, sometimes even determining the meaning of the uttered words (as cited in Liu & Maitlis, 2014). Thus, it is pivotal to take the emotional context in account while studying the strategizing process. Studies taking emotions in account are few, but it is known that top team emotions are crucial in strategy meetings (as cited in Liu & Maitlis, 2014). Methodology The methodology for the study by Liu and Maitlis (2014) is determined by the utilization of a discursive lens, which assumes that the meaning of phenomena is constituted within various discursive practices. It is similar to the linguistic turn in humanities, which recognized the importance of language in the process of creation of meanings. This paradigm is useful because the authors investigate how meanings created within meetings influence strategic decision-making process. Methods The authors carried out non-participant observation while studying strategizing process in meetings of top management team in a mid-sized Canadian computer game company (Liu & Maitlis, 2014). The meetings were video recorded; data from seven meetings was employed. Analysis and Results The researchers utilized the method of microethnography. They conducted repeated examinations and analyses of video recordings of the meetings; the examination was divided into five main stages, each of which went deeper into analyzing the emotional displays of the participants of the meetings (Liu & Maitlis, 2014). The displayed emotions were coded by the researchers, along with the strategizing practices employed in the meetings. The authors then scrutinized the interplay between the emotions and strategizing processes, and elaborated the relationships between them. It was found out that five main strategizing processes were used in the company, and they corresponded to five
Introduction In the human perspective, a family is a group of persons connected by kinship, compassion, or sharing of residence. In a number of societies, the family is the basic unit for the socialization of children. A basic family unit is made up of a father, mother, and children, and is known as a nuclear family, however, this unit can be extended to include other relations to be known as an extended family. The concept of the family has undergone a transformation and in today’s society, many people define the family structure as an arbitrary cultural set-up, a statement could be partially true. In ancient times, the family was a closely-knit, patriarchal clan consisting of a man, his wife or wives, and several children! This has changed to include a monogamous parent taking care of the children. Besides, certain concepts of the family have broken with tradition within specific communities while some have been implanted through migration to thrive or else disappear in the new communities and societies. Current debates and interest concerning the family have forced individuals to reassess themselves in a society driven by change and uncertainty. Because of its intricate nature, sociologists have not succeeded in coming with a universal definition of what family is and how is constructed. Rather, the definition is subject to individual interpretation and depends on the value a person attaches to being a member of a communal social group. Objective The aim of the paper is to give a concise definition of family, and the context of family structures such as the traditional family; single parent family, blended family and cohabiting relationship families. The paper also examines the influences that have progressively shaped the concept of family from the past to the present day. Critical Analysis A family is generally defined as a group of individuals who are linked by kinship or adoption, and who have a common residence. (Germov and Poole, 2011, 132). Kinship ties are connections or associations that link individuals through genealogy lines or marriage. However, a few writers disagree with this concept. For instance, George Murdock, an American anthropologist, defines family as a social group that lives together, support each other economically, and raise children (Germov and Poole, 2011, 128). In the mid 20 th century, sociologists defined family as a man living together with his wife and children, joined by blood, marriage or adoption. The couple had sex, procreated, and cared for the children jointly, besides bringing resources such as money and food together. The family members also guarded and
Tips of Presentation   * History of fairy tales and the background for animation.   * Storytelling and its stylistic coloring.   * Character Design.   * Mood.   * Animation Techniques.   * Timing, exaggeraion, and appeal. New History of Fairy Tales   * Since ancient times the progress in printing made possible for people to illustrate their fancies.   * In the twentieth century the fairy tale flourished in the frame of animation.   * Tex Avery became one of the most outstanding figures in cartoon-making.   * The educational and moral value of Avery’s cartoons made his implementation of scenarios and patterning worth watching for both children and parents. Tex Avery, and his approach to fairy tales The adaptation period of fairy tales to new milieu of entertainment and direct implementation gave animators a possibility to increase their whole outlook on the reality of cartoons, as vivid and impressive genre in cinema. Tex Avery was fairly called, as the funniest producer of fairy tales framed in the achievements of cartoon-making. Red Hot Riding Hood is the author’s interpretation of classical the Little Red Riding-hood. This grave example expresses the desire of Avery to adopt traditional understanding of a fairy tale to real conditions and vogue tendencies in the society. Notion of splendor Tex Avery saw the splendid representation of cartoon as well as its destination in making things known to everyone transformed into trendy motives which drove society, for example, in time of Great Depression. In this case the animator was quite talented and self-confident in making world of cartoons applied with popular philosophical background. Freudian theory is quite obvious in Avery’s creative work. His splendor on the example of Red Hot Riding Hood is patterned with mere extent of hitherto unseen correlation of popular mould-breaking trends in the society with classical promotion of so untouchable sphere of folk implementation, as fairy tales. Avery and his idea of cartoon Avery wanted to impress the publicity with the colourful representation of main characters. His ideas contemplated the peculiar way of development in philosophy and literature. “Avery’s fairy tales jettison the whole idea of morality, along with other troublesome concepts like logic, sense, and sexual repression” (Morris 1). His style can be characterized by a terrific and zany sense of humor (Young and Heisie para. 7). His straightforwardness amazed contemporaries with a specific “bizarre directional style“(Young and Heisie para. 7). Avery enlarges vision of cartoons Living in different periods of American realities in the twentieth century Avery never betrayed his strong recognition about the functional framework of cartoon, as art. Together with Chuck Jones and other collaborators he succeeded in showing cartoons with mere societal hints. Absurdism and abstraction were the main fields for him with
Introduction There are a number of regulations that apply to the formation and operation of joint ventures in the United States economic market, which is taken to mean two separate parties entering into agreements than merger agreements so as to engage in economic activities. The Sherman Act of 1890 applies to the formation and operation, as well as issues relating to monopolization or attempts to monopolize markets. Joint ventures depict a type of business where parties have a single project to accomplish. A pre-merger notification is required for the formation of a Joint Venture, under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, 1976. There is prohibition to having interlocking officers or directors under the section eight of the Clayton Act of 1914. The formation and operation of a joint venture is also dealt with by the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914. Careful analysis is important since joint ventures may be used by companies to deprive others of access to inputs (Brodley, n.d.). There are various advantages that can be gained through joint ventures. The companies would enter into a new market, develop a new technology or product, or increase the productive capacity (Pitofsky, n.d.). Main body Some procedural advantages and protection of certain notified research and development joint ventures is provided in the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984. The US regulations govern collaborations between parties through the Antitrust Guidelines for Collaborations among competitors, while Merger Guidelines provide evaluation of high degree of integration among parties. Merger Guidelines come into play under certain circumstances. These include the fact that; the competition between collaborators in the relevant market has been eliminated by such collaboration if the integration enhances the efficiency, and if the participants in the integration are competitors. These guidelines will also be utilized if the specific and express terms do not terminate the collaboration within sufficiently limited period. Under certain conditions, antitrust analysis of joint ventures may be carried out through the Statement of Antitrust Enforcement Policy in Healthcare and the Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property. The regulation governs the basis of an analysis of type of collaboration and the rules to be applied in the analysis. The rule of reason may be applied by the authorities while analyzing the collaboration where participants seek to achieve precompetitive benefits through entering into an efficiency enhancing agreement. However, the authorities may be used to analyze the collaboration under the CC guidelines if the collaboration threatens competition or if there are no significant benefits that would warrant any further analysis. Thus, key components of business such as the nature of business agreement, the purpose of the business colla
Theology has transcended ages since the beginning of the 16 th century. As a matter of fact, Theologians such as Martin Luther came out as strong believers who would preach with inspiration and self conviction. The conviction was based on the ‘unjust’ doctrine of the Catholic Church at that time and the then limited bible. As a catholic priest, Martin Luther became a respected minister among the conservatives and the deity who had control of political direction of the state and social views on supernatural. However, this was to change in the dawn of the 16 th century with the emergence of a fresh approach adopted by Martin Luther. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly identify the roles of Martin Luther, his ideologies, development, and practices in the Catholic Church Sacraments in his life time. Besides, the paper discusses the results of the 16 th century Protestant Reformation facilitated by Martin Luther who is believed to have been the catalyst of the same. Moreover, the paper concentrates on roles of Martin Luther especially in the act of offering Catholic Church Sacraments. Martin Luther is described as a great pillar of the protestant transformation faith. In order to understand his character, it is important to reflect on his active participation in the Catholic Church as a priest who was empowered by the church leadership to lead a congregation in sacrament practices. Reflectively, it is critical to review his stand on faith, salvation, grace, and good works following the release of his famous 95 theses. In his view, Martin Luther defines faith as a substance of full reliance on only God and that man is but a subject in the salvation ladder. Man is therefore is a custodian of salvation and not necessary the owner of the same. According to Marius (1999): In Reformed Theology, the Lord’s Supper and Baptism are sacraments, which are external signs by which God seals the promise of goodwill toward people in order to sustain the weakness of faith inherent in humans, and which operate as testimony of the piety of believers toward God. (Marius 89) Therefore, man must internalize the self conviction faith, that is, only God has the sole power to save him from every form of sin. Martin Luther believed that sin imprisoned mankind and made him unable to really redeem himself from the yoke of trespasses. This was the basis for his rejection of the sacrament of confession, sale of indulgence, pilgrimage, elaborate Catholic mass ritual, and prayer to saints. Interestingly, this belief was a direct opposite of his upbringing noting that he was brought up as a staunch Catholic by his Catholic parents. Therefore, Luther was always in a constant conflict with the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church doctrines which suggested the opposite, that is, man can redeem himself from sin through confession to a priest who had the capacity to intercede for forgiveness of sins. In the thought of Luther, this was wrong and misleading to the population practicing Christianity which he described as a pe
Background on Mark Cuban Mark Cuban, an entrepreneur who owns the Mavericks, a basketball team from Indiana, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1958. He studied at the University of Indiana and was into sports from an early age playing rugby. Even at a young age, Cuban showed signs of entrepreneurship whereby he used to sell things door to door in order to make some income. Indeed, at the age of twelve, he sold garbage bags and later provided lessons on disco dancing (Boone $ Kurtz, 2009, p 183). After school, Cuban got a job with the Mellon bank situated in Pittsburgh, and as a working experience, he learned much on computers. However, his career at the bank was short-lived as he later quit starting his own company in Dallas in 1982. The company was later sold in 1990 for six million dollars and later moved to Los Angeles, where he got into the film business briefly as an actor (Lussier & Achua, 2010, p 109). His skills as an entrepreneur are seen when he co-founded an online broadcasting company which was later sold to Yahoo for 5.7 billion dollars. He invested in the sporting industry and bought the NBA’s Dallas Mavericks, which is a professional basketball team based in Texas, in 2002 for $280 million in January 2000 (Boone $ Kurtz, 2009, p 183). He also has interests in the media industry through HDNet television network, film Production Company, and a chain of movie theaters. This is in addition to owning sharesleuth.Com, a website dedicated to probing securities fraud. Nevertheless, his profile will not be complete without mentioning that he is married and has two daughters. Leadership styles Leadership is the process of influencing people through acts of motivation and providing the employees with the course and the organizational goals. It is also the process of implementing organizational plans. Generally, good leaders use different styles interchangeably according to the prevailing conditions (Huber, 2006, p13). One of the different leadership styles is the authoritarian or autocratic style. This is where the leader says what needs to be done and gives the guidelines on how to do it. Basically, the workers have no say in the decision-making pro
Introduction The essay critically evaluates the issue of immigrants in Canada and Australia as written by Valerie Knowles in her book, “Strangers at the Gates” and Gwenda Tavan’s “The Long Slow Death of White Australia”. The two countries (Canada and Australia) in the 1960’s removed restrictions that were aimed at discriminating against Asian immigrants. It is worth noting that despite the similarities in the immigration policies of these countries especially in the choice of immigrants, there was a great difference in how the refugees were treated and perceived. Finally, a clear distinction between a refugee and an asylee is brought to light. Human beings are always in a state of the movement for instance from one apartment to another, house to house and even from one country to another. People also get out of their country due to various reasons for instance economic, political instability, desire to study abroad despite all these, immigration has been in existence as long as mans’ existence. According to Houghton (1987), historically, Canada had a higher human population than Australia, in mid 19 th century Canada had 2.5 million as Australia had a non-aboriginal of 0.4 million, the gap was narrowed due to Gold Rushes in Australia, widening later as a result of heavy immigration to Canada. Australia’s population increased to 14.9 million people while Canada had a human population of 24.3 million, this is at the beginning of the 1950s. Even though these countries are faced with problems such as unemployment, they attempted to promote their human population growth as well as economic development since the Second World War using immigration (Houghton, 1987). Both used what is known as “point system” that gives room to a combination of different characteristics, having a lot of emphasis on the likely productivity/benefits of the immigrants in the destination countries. The benefit may be economically, politically or socially. Asian countries such as China, Japan, India among others constituted the highest percentage of immigrants (source countries) to Australia and Canada, 38.0% and 32.1 % respectively (Knowles, 2007). Human migration thus resolves around globalization which encompasses free movement of goods, labor and capital. Immigrants arriving either legally or illegally opt to have rights just like those people in the destination region; it was the realization of this that made these countries change their laws and policies. Why Canada and Australia remove discriminatory restrictions to Asian immigration Before the 1960s, Canada and Australia had very strict laws, immigration act and border protection act that aimed at excluding non-Europeans from entering these countries and the later act to deny