ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Black & Decker (B&D) is a power-tools manufacturing company that deals with tradesmen, industrial and consumer power tools. Duncan Black and Alonzo Decker founded the company in 1910 as a machine shop situated in Towson, Maryland. The company did not have an effective marketing strategy for its products. Therefore, it lost a sizeable market share to its competition. By 1991, the company was enjoying 9% of the market share in consumer power tools while the largest market share went to Makita. The marketing department at Black & Decker worked tirelessly to rectify the situation. However, the management team resisted the implementation of its proposals terming it as infeasible. Joseph Galli, the vice president of the marketing department, championed the effort to rescue the company. He came up with proposals, though he feared that the management would refuse to implement them. Eventually, he ended up altering the proposals to suit the demands of the management. Problem identification The company lost a significant market share of professional power tools to Makita and Milwaukee. Customers’ views concerning B&D’s product were discouraging. Consequently, the company required reorganizing its production and marketing strategy to address these challenges. Majority of the tradesmen thought that the company manufactured consumer products rather than power tools. In the end, they ended up not using the company’s products as expected. There were debates in the construction sites concerning failure of B&D’s products while Makita’s products did well in the same job. Both the company and consumers contributed to the misunderstanding of B&D’s products witnessed in the market. The company failed to sensitize constructors on the uses of its products in different jobs. On the other hand, customers used the products to carryout the wrong
Introduction Telemarketing can be defined as a method that utilizes direct marketing techniques where marketing and sales persons persuade prospective consumers to buy goods and services from their companies or organizations. Telemarketing is usually done through physical or face to face negotiation, web conferencing or even via the phone but the use of telephone is the most common means (Bendremer, 2003). It is a process that has drawn a lot of negative criticism due to the fraud aspects associated with it. There are various telemarketing scams that faces people in the world with the most affected being the poor and the elderly. This piece of work discusses in depth the telemarketing scams against the elderly giving insight into the problem of the study, context of the problem, the problem statement, research questions, significance of the study, organization of the study, research design and methodology, recommendations and conclusion after which the references are cited. The Problem of the Study This study revolves around scams or problems faced by the elderly people through telemarketing. Telemarketing should be a process of enhancing and promoting sales in a company or organization through fair means but it has been associated with a lot of illegal and unjust deeds which usually results in exploitation of people especially the elderly and the poor as they end up either paying too much for the goods or services or even sometimes not getting any of the products or services they ordered for even after paying for them. Telemarketing scams involves criminal activities undertaken in a manner that deceives the victims by persuading them to make wrong decisions
Introduction This essay analyzes the article, “The Truth about the Bermuda Triangle” from a discourse and rhetoric perspective. Firstly, a short discussion of the various definitions of rhetoric will be presented followed by a discussion of the rhetoric appeals such as ‘logos’, ‘ethos’, ‘pathos’ and ‘kairos’. The analysis of the article, “The Truth about the Bermuda Triangle” will then follow which would involve the examination of rhetoric appeals and devices. Throughout history, there have been many definitions of rhetoric. For the period of time between the prominent figures of Aristotle to Richard Whately, rhetoric focused on public speaking and the five canons of invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery (Nichols v). However, as time has passed, rhetoric has adopted different meanings. In popular culture, rhetoric is often used to refer to empty promises or superfluous political talk (“mere rhetoric”); in communication studies, scholars believe that humans live in a “rhetorical world” (Fish 25). This differentiates the thought of rhetoric from statements void of meaning and shifts the perspective to something greater and more influential on humans and society as a whole. It is for this reason many scholars acknowledge rhetoric is pervasive, encompassing more than just the political arena (Smith 33). The concept of language was discussed by Burke, who stated rhetoric is using language as a “symbolic means of inducing cooperation in beings that by nature respond to symbols” (43). His concept of rhetoric “was based on the centrality of language” and the shared meanings that come through that method of symbol usage (Brummett 741). Because we live our lives “enveloped in symbols” and “how we perceive, what we know, what we experience, and how we act” result directly from the way we, and those around us, use and interpret symbols, it is important to analyze the meaning behind the signs (Foss 3). Understanding the meanings that symbols carry for people is essential because meanings are where the rhetorical power lies, therefore bringing understanding to the text under criticism (Brummett 70). Analysis Ethos or appeal to credibility. The several ‘ethos’ presented in the article are the photos and the reported/recorded strange accidents in the triangle and the researchers claimed that, “though there is no evidence of this type of thing happening in the Triangle for the past 15,000 years”. Pathos or the appeal to emotion. The ‘pathos’ presented in the article is the researchers statement: “It is one of the biggest mysteries of our time – that perhaps isn’t really a mystery”. Logos or appeal to logic. The appeal to logic of the researcher is in the statement: “Even though the Bermuda Triangle isn’t a true m
Introduction The Sixth Amendment is a section of the U.S. Constitution that protects the rights of defendants to ensure that they receive fair and speedy trials. It guarantees them several rights that include knowing the accuser, enjoying the services of a lawyer, and receiving a speedy trial (Acker 24). In addition, it gives them the right to an impartial jury and the right to be informed about the nature of accusations brought against them. This piece of legislation has been used extensively in the United States, especially in cases involving terrorism and witness protection. It is also commonly used in sex crimes. The Sixth Amendment ensures that all criminal defendants get a fair hearing and eradicates the possibility of false imprisonment as well as unfair treatment that criminals face in the hands of law enforcement officers. History of the Sixth Amendment The enactment of the Sixth Amendment dates back to the year 1776 when it was first drafted by George Mason as a proposal (Acker 27). It was initially a section of the Virginia Declaration of Rights. The original document contained all the provisions of the current legislation except the right of a defendant to get the services of a lawyer. It was enacted into law in 1791 after being ratified by the state. Several historical cases led to its adoption. For instance, an incident involving the Scottsboro boys led to the Powell v. Alabama case that was lodged after the imprisonment of the boys (Acker 32). The legal community argued that the boys had been denied justice because their attorneys had not been given sufficient time to gather facts and prepare for the case. Other court cases that were important in the adoption of the Sixth Amendment included the Betts V. Brady case of 1942 and the Gideon v. Wainright case of 1963. Interpretation of the Sixth Amendment by the Supreme Court since its adoption The Supreme Court has interpreted the Sixth Amendment in different ways since its adoption. In the Barker v. Wingo case of 1972, the Court drafted guidelines to have been since been used to determine whether a defendant’s right to a speedy trial has been violated (Shea 31). In the Strunk v. United States case of 1973, the Court ruled that any violation of a defendant’s right to a speedy trial would result in the nullification of the ruling (Vile 410). The right to a public trial was revised by the Court to include certain restrictions in cases where publicity had the potential to alter the outcomes of a trial and thus deny the defendant justice. This ruling was made during the Sheppard v. Maxwell case in 1966. The Sixth Amendment gives defendants the right to a speedy trial (Shea 36). However, the Supreme Court has interpreted this provision to make it relative, depending on the prevailing circumstances associated with a certain case. The sp
Abstract This paper covers a financial analysis report of two companies-Apple Inc. and Samsung Electronics. The primary objective of the analysis was to provide more insights into the financial performance of the two companies considering that they compete with one another. As such, the report covers income statement, balance sheet, cash flow, statement of owners’ equity, and fifteen financial ratios for each company. The financial ratios are divided according to five financial diagnostic categories, which include liquidity of short term assets, long-term debt-paying ability, profitability, asset utilization, and market measures. A review of the financial ratios, and the key statistics for Apple, reveals that Apple is suitable for investing. This is based on the fact that the company has shown improved performance in terms of effective use of assets, invested capital, and shareholders’ equity to generate income for the company. With a high ROE, ROA, RO1 of 46.25%, 21.92%, and 11.50% respectively, it is an indication that Apple is good for investment as well as for employment. Introduction Overview of Research The financial analysis of any corporations is very important as far as the operations of the company are concerned. In addition, such information can be used not only by the company itself but also by other people such as prospective employees and investors. For example, investors use financial details of various companies to ascertain the number of returns that they are likely to get should they invest their money in the said company (Kavitha, 2012). In case the financial information and possible returns are highly positive, investors can be willing to work with such a company. On the other hand, in the case the financial information shows a deteriorating trend, most likely the investors are discouraged to invest. Similarly, prospective employees also look at the stability of a company in terms of its ability to support its employees’ financial needs and demands. In most cases, individuals searching for employment would prefer a company with high returns as they attribute this to the fact that the company would be in a position to sustain them in terms of taking care of their salary and other benefits. This paper provides a financial analysis of Apple Inc., to establish whether or not its financial information is attracting such that an investor would be willing to put their financial capital in Apple as a shareholder, as well as whether or not anyone can invest their human and intellectual capital in the firm as an employee. Objectives The primary objective of this research is to carry out a financial analysis of Apple Company. However, there are other specific objectives such as:  1. To gather substantial information about Apple Inc.  2. To determine the suitability of Apple company for investment as well as for employment.  3. Make appropriate recommendations regarding investing in Apple Inc. To achieve the above objectives, the research focuses on examining the financial ratios of Apple Inc. over a period of 5 years. This analysis will be used to
Introduction In a perfect business environment, any goals that are set for an investment are achieved as per book. However, in real life, the actual returns often fall short of anticipations due to unforeseen uncertainties. In business, these uncertainties are known as risks and have the potential to affect the performance of any enterprise. Furthermore, certain scenarios that occur due to the risks can result in closure of the business, especially when huge losses are incurred. As a result, investors and business researchers have developed ways of reducing deviation of actual returns from targeted returns. This practice is known as risk management. It is involved with identification and analysis of risks and acting appropriately to mitigate them by making feasible decisions. Depending on factors such as risk appetite among others, the level of response can vary significantly. However, some managers tend to perceive that risk management only involves setting of rules that are mandatory to employees. Although the rules can enable reduction of the existing risk exposures, sometimes they harden detection of new threats that can pose devastating effects to the firm. For example, the credit crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2008 led to huge losses that led to termination of banks. This situation compelled many financial institutions to put risk management models in place to prevent recurrence of such situations in the future. This essay provides an insight into risk management and its implications on project management. Evolution of Risk Management To understand the contemporaneous and future of risk management, it is necessary to understand why corporates started mitigating risks by investing heavily in identification of the effects that they had on their investments. How did risk management start? Simona-Iulia (2014) reveals that the field of insurance management that existed before the 1970s focused on identifying and assessing business risks. However, it was inadequate to meet the demands of business world that was evolving rapidly. As a result, there was a need to come up with new forms of management to focus on a variety of business security besides insurance. This urge led to development of risk management in the mid-1970s to focus on areas that were not covered by insurance such as electronic commerce, employment practices, offshore outsourcing, and environmental degradation among others. This field grew rapidly until the 1980s when it was recognised as a vital component of strategic planning in companies. McShane, Nair, and Rustambekov (2011) posit that risk management involves identification of risks that are faced by corporations with a view of formulating apt decisions that enable effective business operations. It provides suitable frameworks for controlling various risks that are encountered by business organisations. Previously, risk management only emphasised o
What do you know about the unitarist perspective regarding labor? Or about the pluralist approach toward industrial relations? In this paper, see the writer will explore the advantages and disadvantages of both concepts, explaining their meaning, similarities and differences. Introduction People have different ways of interpreting the events they come across in their daily life. School and family circumstances, encounters at the workplaces, clubs, religions, friends, society, and occupations influence most of the understandings. Employment is one of the elements that influence people’s life. Hence, management and the nature of employment are some of the issues that trigger heated debates. Generally, people have two different perspectives of interpreting managerial practices that take place at workplaces. These are known as unitarism and pluralism. The unitarist approach holds that workplace conflicts are avoidable. According to this approach, managers may detour them by bringing all the stakeholders together. They can and should make sure that an organization is managed from a single source of power. Meanwhile, pluralists hold that workplace conflicts are inevitable. Managers ought to convert them into profitable initiatives rather than criticize them. This paper aims to analyze the unitarist vs. pluralist managerial perspectives. Besides, the writer will decide on the best approach based on the findings. Unitarist Perspective Unitarists base their arguments on postulations that workplace conflict is an avoidable feature of relationships between employees and their managers. They claim that as long as managers continue interacting with employees, they are likely to quarrel. According to unitarists, both managers and employees share a common interest of making sure that their organisation grows steadily, and thus when a crisis occurs within the organisation, it would not lead to insolvency of the organisation (Ross & Bamber 2009). Hence, the conflict that emerges between the parties is a result of personality muddle, poor communication, poor promotion practices, or inappropriate recruitment. Unitarists hold that to avoid such conflicts, the management team ought to identify the actions that might lead to conflicts and avoid implementing them. The management has the duty to conduct a free and fair promotion and recruitment exercise, come up with quality communication systems that are capable of showing the employees where their interests fall, and deal with people susceptible to personality disorders (Bacon & Blyton 2007). Unitarists position on employee management draws from a number of theories. One of the theories is the theory of scientific management devised by Taylor (Ross & Bamber 2009). The theory holds that for managers to come up with productive employee management strategies, they have to start by assuming that the employees are likely to avoid work whenever they get a chance, they have limited knowledge about the work, and are prone to pursuing personal interests. Therefore, to address the
Abstract This paper is a precise review of a quantitative research study. It contains five major sections, viz. the background of the study, methods used, results from data analysis, discussion of the findings, and summary of the article. The background of the study presents the statement of the research problem and the justification of the study. The methods section discusses the research design used, while under “results” the findings are indicated. The discussion part explores the findings of the study and how they could be applied in practice. The final section is a summary of the overall presentation of the study. Introduction The research problem is not stated clearly in the paper. However, it could be deduced from the introduction to be – what are the proportions and the trends of adolescent girls in the United States (US) receiving human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine? HPV comes in different strains, which cause about 99.7 percent of cervical cancer cases and a myriad of other health complications, such as anal, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Taking the HPV vaccine plays a major role in the prevention of these cancers among women. Therefore, this problem is significant to nursing because by knowing the number of teenagers taking this preventive measure and the associated trends, nurses could predict the level of risk of teenagers developing such cancers in the future. As such, nurses could plan on mitigation measures such as educating the public on the need to have the vaccine or lobbying for policymakers to make policies that promote prevention strategies. This study is justified because, at the time of its publication, the proportion and trends of teenage girls in the US taking the HPV vaccine were unknown. Therefore, it was important for the study to be carried out because the findings would indicate the vaccination status around the country and allow nurses and other healthcare providers to plan effectively on ways of combating cervical and other related cancers caused by the virus. The study’s objective is clearly stated – “To examine the trend of provider-verified HPV vaccine initiation (≥1 dose) and completion (≥3 doses) among adolescent girls at the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended age (11-12 years)” (Rahman, McGrath, Hirth, & Berenson, 2014, p. 585). The authors did not indicate any theoretical or conceptual framework for the study. However, it could be implied that by understanding the trends and the number of vaccinated teenage girls, healthcare providers and policymakers would plan better as a way of dealing with the cervical cancer epidemic. This underst
Introduction This report presents a case analysis of the Morrison Company that produces smart tags in both pharmaceutical and retail lines. The paper details the major facts about the organization and its products, as well as providing information about its earnings and the manufacturing process. The problems the firm encounters are addressed and analyzed. The report includes a capacity and utilization analysis, discusses the lines’ competitive advantages, and offers recommendations for improvement of the company’s position. Major Facts The presented study features the Morrison Company, an organization that manufactures goods that use ratio frequency identification (RFID) technology. Products include smart labels for retail and pharmaceutical industries (Wheelwright & Myers 2011). The organization has more than 150 competitors; as such, the smart tags market can be considered highly competitive. In 2011, the Morrison Company offered four varieties of product, including basic and premium versions of smart tags (Wheelwright & Myers 2011). Most of the organization’s sales are high-frequency (HF) chips with around 22 cents per unit. In 2010, the company’s net earnings before taxes were $6 million for the pharmaceutical line, and around $370,000 for the retail line (Wheelwright & Myers 2011). The organization is based in Colorado, where all of its departments are located. The manufacturing process is performed both by employees and via automated machinery. The company has 10 machines that produce around 20,000 units per hour (Wheelwright & Myers 2011). As many units require personalization, the organization uses four machines for this purpose. Production planning and control are supervised by two production and inventory control executives, a purchasing manager, and an administrator responsible for quality assurance. The company manufactures about 240 supp