ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The preservation of cultural heritage is an important aspect of a civilized society, and an ability to appreciate the achievements of art demonstrates people’s high moral principles and penchant for aesthetics. In order to analyze one of the samples of Arab culture in the context of an individual object, the work “Bull and Woman” created by Faraj Daham will be considered. 1 The nature of the image put on a steel surface reveals the author’s style and allows determining the perception that inspired the artist to create his masterpiece. Today, it is exhibited in Mathaf, the Arab Museum of Modern Art. “Bull and Woman” was created in 1977, and it has not lost its popularity due to an unusual performance technique. 2 The manner and features of the selected work may have different interpretations. At the same time, when evaluating the object from the standpoint of conformity with Arab culture, it can be argued that the style and plot of the work largely convey the peculiarities of social organization. Reflecting Arab Culture When considering “Bull and Women” from the point of view of social features, it can be noted how accurately Daham conveys the order that is typical for Arab culture. 3 The image of a woman riding a strong animal, as shown in Figure 1, reflects the fact that the gender issue is quite relevant in the environment in which he created his work. The ability of the character to control the bull indicates that she has a strong will and inner strength, which allows her to ride and restrain the power that this animal can demonstrate. The personification of an Arab female power is one of the main creative messages, and despite the jewelry that the artist depicts, willpower and spirit can be traced. Figure 1. Bull and Woman. The style that Daham chooses does not reflect many unique details. Nevertheless, while analyzing the work, it can be understood that the role of women is significant. The character sits astride a bull, which speaks of her strengths and possibilities. Therefore, this work may be viewed as an example of the reflection of Arab society and the artist’s attitude to the gender issue, which is often raised in today’s realities. Relation to Western Modernism The form of the work in question is non-standard and is not an example of a modern style. The image on the steel circle emphasizes the individuality of the author and his unusual approach to the manner of painting. At the same time, when discussing “Bull and Woman” from the point of
Introduction Plagiarism and other unfair practices are a problem for international students. This has resulted from increased use of other people’s inventions and ideas in learning institutions by lecturers without giving due credit to the sources of these ideas (Hall, 2004, para.1). Definition Plagiarism is described as a fraud in the sense that people obtain other people’s original ideas and cite them as their own inventions without crediting their source. Some students copy other people’s work directly from various sources such as books, articles or internet articles and present it as their own original work. Where an individual uses another person’s ideas and consequently fail to acknowledge the source of the information, such an act leads to plagiarism (Hall, 2004, para. 2). Examples of Plagiarism Many people commit the act unconsciously. In a given case, one can find information which is relevant to the study or research being conducted thus copying it directly or does not give credit to the author. To avoid plagiarism, the researcher must ensure that the work being presented is legitimate. Example of plagiarism- From 1945 onwards, there has been a fundamental hypothesis that poorer countries of the world are slowly developing towards the western model. In addition, there has been a view that the international aid policy should be geared to this end. Many Arab countries for example Japan-restructured under US guidance after 1945, believe in this hypothesis. The word bank categorizes countries either as high, middle and low income. The low income countries are characterized by high levels of deceases, poverty, and are working hard with the help of high and middle countries to assist the improve their living standards by assuming western-style economic managements and institutions. This phrase is plagiarized and to some extent the original meaning intended by the author is changed. Also, the source of the information is not reflected in the text. To avoid plagiarism, this phrase should have been presented as follows; since the World War II, countries which were poorly developed are believed to be adopting western style with examples of Japan (currently developed) in order to develop. This has created levels of development among the developed and developing countries (Buckley, 2004, p.7). The second example of plagiarism is also illustrated as follows; a person can be a good conversationalist by being a good listener. When one is conversing with someone else, he / she should pay close attention to the words of the speaker and also looking at his or her face. One should show the interest by smiling and/or nodding. In addition, one should not interrupt while the other is speaking: this is impolite. If one has a good story, he / she should wait until the speaker has finished. To add on this, one should watch the body language as can affect the communicat
Introduction Religion fulfils an important role in the lives of billions of people all over the world. It not only provides a moral code to guide the believers’ living but it also gives spiritual fulfillment. Many religions exist in the world and their unique rituals and varying beliefs differentiate them. Islam and Baha’i are two of the world religions practiced by different followers. This paper will briefly compare and contrast the Baha’i faith with Islam. Comparative Religion A similarity between Islam and Baha’i is that both faiths are monotheistic meaning that they believe in a single all-powerful God. Ayoub reveals that in Islam, this deity is referred to as Allah and he is the great creator and ruler of the universe (345). Muslims are expected to live their lives in accordance to the will of Allah and offer their devotion to him. Similarly, Baha’i teaches that there is only one God and he is the all-powerful maker of the universe (Masumian 89). Baha’i followers are to worship this omnipresent deity and attempt to develop a profound understanding of him through prayer and meditation. Another similarity between Baha’i and Islam is in their believe in an afterlife. Both religions declare that human beings have a soul that is immortal and therefore continues to live after death. According to the two religions, the human body is only a vehicle for the soul in its physical experience on earth. Islam teaches that the believer’s soul will move on to heaven or hell depending on his conduct here on earth (Ayoub 345).
Introduction The transition from one setting to another may be difficult for older adults. While many facilities are not attempting to implement the transitional care model to assist patients in adapting to the new environment, many examples of unsuccessful transitions exist (Hirschman, Shaid, McCauley, Pauly, & Naylor, 2015). The present case discusses the choices of an 89-year-old man who was admitted to a hospital for several days because of myocardial infarction (MI). After a week of being in a hospital, the patient was discharged to his home according to his wishes. While follow-up visitations and communication supported the transition, the man’s health affected his reintegration into the home setting. Impact of Differences and the Advance Directive In this instance, the patient was admitted to the hospital with the assistance of his daughter, who was with her father when the MI happened. While in the hospital, the patient received the necessary care, regaining consciousness and mobility. The patient’s fall damage (he fell during the MI and hit his head) was also treated. He was discharged to go back home with directions to continue taking medication and slowly resume his physical activity. Nevertheless, upon returning home, the patient did not adhere to the recommendations. He did not take medications on time and did not balance his physical activity when performing household chores. The setting of the hospital allowed him to rest and communicate with other people, and nurses helped him to take his medication (Kogan, Wilber, & Mosqueda, 2016). The man did not have a supportive framework at home because he lived alone, and his only daughter lived far away from him. The patient’s decision to return home could not be questioned since it was specified in his advance directive. The man firmly believed that he did not want to reside in a facility and wanted to stay at home regardless of the circumstances. The hospital staff discussed options of changing the advance directive, seeing that the man’s health could quickly deteriorate without proper care. However, since he did not change his decision, he went home after being treated. The patient’s choice presented healthcare providers with an ethical issue – to respect the wishes of the person even if they were detrimental to his health (Lum, Sudore, & Bekelman, 2015). During the follow-up conversations, nurses attempted to review the environment of the patient and see what could be changed to improve medication adherence and help the patient to limit physical exertion. Financial Issues In this case, the patient’s placement was explained by his personal wishes. Nonetheless, in some situations, patients’ options are limited due
Introduction: When Equality Is at Risk. Organizational Culture Discussed so far and wide that the issue should have been worn out the next day it was brought up, inequality in workplace still remains one of the greatest problems in the present-day world. No matter how hard it is to admit it, the instances of people’s rights infringement occur on a daily basis in some companies, which is why inequality I business organizations is worth bringing up once again. Despite all the attempts to reach equality on all levels, whether cultural, social, or biological, people still have to face the harsh light of reality; according to the results of the recent researches, inequality is still on the agenda of the modern entrepreneurships. However, with the help of efficient management, the solution to the problem can be found. While avoiding inequality completely hardly seems possible, bringing its rates down is still within the powers of the company managerial. Taking a Retrospective: Where Inequality Stems from Before going any further, it is necessary to locate the root of the problem. In the given case, the inequality issue has been obviously spawned by a number of prejudices against a certain type of employees. By and large, inequality in the workplace is mostly a result of setting the wrong atmosphere among the staff and enhancing wrong attitudes. Though occasionally stemming from a specific conflict or initiated by a specific person who consciously discriminates against a certain type of people (Banerjee, 2008), workplace segregation is usually a result of the lack of care towards building the right atmosphere within the team. Taking a closer look at the enhancers of segregation moods in a team of employees,
Four major kinds of rituals practiced in Confucianism In Confucianism, rituals contain a very important mission, because they help to keep and unite all parts of the universe (Oxtoby & Amore 266-270). However, despite other religions, Confucianism does not have a strong range of rituals that people have to follow every day. Four major kinds of rituals practiced in Confucianism are four life stages: birth, reaching maturity, marriage, and death. Birth as the first stage of human life is supported by rituals that have to protect the woman and her child. Mother has a special diet and other family members help her to be healthy. In the first, fourth, and twelfth months of child family members give presents for the child. Reaching maturity includes such rituals as a group meal where a young adult has to prepare chicken. Marriage includes several steps such as a proposal when the future couple has to exchange their dates, including date of birth, engagement, dowry, procession, marriage, and reception. Every special day has its own set of rules and rituals that should be followed to have a strong family. Death is the last stage of life that supports by such rituals as mourning and crying to inform neighbors who bring money and incense. After the ceremony, family members prepare a special altar. The teaching of no-self in Buddhism The teaching of no-self is one of the key principles of Buddhism indicates that human existence is the illusion of permanent. Therefore, people should not be concentrated on their physical conditions and body which is only part of the human essence. For Buddhists, people have to be free, believing in reborn, reincarnation and do not get accustomed to various things around them. Man is not a separated creation; man exists only in cooperation with nature as the inseparable structure. Therefore, it is impossible to consider oneself as an independent structure that can exist without others. Nature changes and the world can move on without a particular person and any “I” cannot prevent it. For Buddhists, to be a part of nature physically and spiritually is the same as to be a part of an eternal universe. Everyone should be free of the concrete experience or attachment, comprehending that permanence of life and selfish desires do not have any reason. Works Cited: Oxtoby, Willard G., and R. C. Amore. World Religions: Eastern traditions . 3rd ed. 2010. Ontario, Canada: Oxford University Press. Print.
The key decision and the risks facing the company – Voyages Soleil, Inc. (VS) The key decision faced by the company (Voyages Soleil, Inc.) is how to embrace international foreign exchange rates against the Canadian dollar despite the looming financial challenges. The value of US$ against the Canadian dollar has been fluctuating considerably. The company might operate at a loss when it books hotels in other countries using US$ as the standard currency for payments. Evidently, international hotels prefer payments in US$ but not Cdn$. According to the case provided, the company (VS) had been hit adversely by the economic downturns and insecurity factors following the incident of September 11, 2001, in US. Issues of insecurity and travel cancellation played credible roles in the company’s decision making provisions. Precisely, the key decision is how to approach the foreign exchange risks following the then economic hitches. The risks facing the company incorporate fluctuating exchange rates between US$ and Canadian dollar. Additionally, economic plunge and decline in the travelling trends following the U.S.’s terrorist attack on 11/9/2001 are other risks faced by VS. Concurrently, hiked competition among the remaining Quebec tour operators and other players in the industry forms a considerable risk. Stakeholders in this situation Stakeholders in this situation incorporate VS Inc. (as a tour operator), suppliers to the company, clients, airline corporations, foreign exchange markets, other tour operators, international hotels, and other significant parties. Precisely, the stakeholders of this situation are numerous. They range from the travel industry players to the government agencies handling security concerns. The future of the Canadian travel industry and the Canadian currency at this stage (case date) The future of the Canadian travel industry is stunning. It is evident that the industry has been growing tremendously in the recent past despite the mentioned challenges. From the case study provided, it has restored its stability after the incidence of 9/11/2001, which created instability in the industry due to insecurity concerns. This is a crucial provision when considered critically in regard to the fates of the Canadian travel industry. In
Introduction Henry James (1943-1916) in his book “the American” exposes the various roles assumed by both men and women in the society. The novel takes a complex approach with the theme cutting across the lifestyles in America and Europe. In this novel, James portrays an in-depth greed and selfishness that compels characters to indulge in acts of hypocrisy and greed. Some characters in the novel are readily willing to forego their dignity in the quest to achieve personal glory and attainment of the power, class and a good title. The role of women in the society seems to conflict with the common norm, as both men and women endeavor to fight for space in society, men’s dignity is infringed on and they are left without any other option but fight for their place. As the world changes from traditional to modern, the gender roles also transform. Theme of Gender in “the American” Newman being a rich American visiting France is portrayed to be egoistic and had little respect for the European. Some European also perceived the American as inferior while others perceived him as superior. For instance Mademoiselle likens Newman way of talking to that of an angel (James10). Although the lady is being hypocritical, her enticing complement attracts the Newman who feels at ease enough to learn more French. Just like in the rest of the novel, James has used conflicting personalities to portray women to be willing to pursue their dreams irrespective of whatsoever obstacle standing in their way. This determination meant that women were no longer to be confined to kitchen chores. Such an outgoing character makes women to disregard marriage as a necessity. The novel depicts the females as more inclined towards upholding the true meaning of institution of marriage. Mr. Tristam suggests that European women take upon themselves to cater for the family as well as promote unity among members (James 14). This noble role has made the institution of marriage retain its meaning despite the several challenges emanating from trends in the modern world. However, the role of women is also portrayed to change as modernization take place. Mrs. Tristram, though she performs her daily chores, does not see anything worth appreciating in her marriage (James 28). According to the ensuing plot, the transition of the world from the old to the new era has greatly affected the way women behave. Unlike the old days, the modern women are striving to match men to an extent of abdicating their traditional responsibilities, roles and obligations. Some of the modern women are not ready to get married and they therefore believe that living independent life is better than staying under men’s bondage. The implication of this is that the importance of the institution of marriage is becoming increasing unpopular. The genders issues are centre stage in the book “the American” given both men and women relentlessly push for their happiness. Mrs.Tristram does not give up in her pursuit to win the affection of Mr. Newman (James 28). According to her, being married meant nothing because she was not satisfied by it and she therefore tried to appeal for Newman’s atte
Introduction Motivation always gives employees the drive to accomplish tasks assigned to them at workplace. Such motivation can either be intrinsic or extrinsic since people have varied reasons for working. Motivating employees in a workplace involves fulfilling their needs as well as expectations from work. It also involves creating a workplace environment that fosters employee motivation. This paper discusses some aspects of motivation such as incentives, workplace environment, employee empowerment through education and training and their influence on the workers’ attitude and productivity. Purpose The purpose of the study is to establish the impact of employee motivation on workers’ job satisfaction, attitude and productivity. Methodology The research involved filling in questionnaires to collect answers from respondents who were interviewed. The questionnaires were closed-ended and the respondents were only expected to choose from the responses available. They were either to strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree to the questions asked. Working environment The survey tested Elton Mayo’s Human Relations Theory of Hawthorne Effect that established that a friendly working environment is very significant in a workplace (Dickson & Roethlisberger 1939, 31). Responses to question 3 in the survey support Elton Mayo’s theory that a friendly workplace is likely to motivate workers. In the survey, 60% of those interviewed agreed that it is essential to encourage relationships in the workplace through open communications in the organizations and by encouraging positive relations within work groups. The workers also agreed that adopting high level of technology could encourage employees to work hard. Advanced technologies would ensure high levels of efficiency and effectiveness in the workforce. On the other hand, most of the respondents seem to agree that the quality of the resources significantly affect the workforce. Those who disagreed with the fact are marginally less. Incentives The survey results seem to disagree with Sigmund Freud’s Traditional theory ‘X’ which believed that people are usually lazy and hate to work such that they can sometimes avoid it (McGregor 2002, 32). They therefore avoid taking responsi