ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The novel titled Sula , written by Toni Morrison tells the readers the story of two Black girls – Sula and Nel – who grew up together in a poor neighborhood. Through thick and thin, the two become best friends but have to grow apart due to the differences that are vividly presented by Morrison. Owing to Sula and Nel, a young boy drowned, but they decided to keep silent and not to tell anyone about how they contributed to his death, even if accidentally. The feminist lesson that the book teaches is that friendship – irrespective of whether male or female – is one of the essential concepts in human lives that cannot be ignored. Despite going in opposite directions, Nel and Sula still dare to restore their friendship. This essay is going to review gender and love and sexuality as the key themes that intertwined with Nel and Sula’s friendship, while also explaining how these influenced each of the two main characters. The author intends to prove that the female bond is strong enough to have women persevere through the most robust life lessons and remain loyal to each other despite societal perceptions and other external barriers. Gender Roles in Sula The story shows how the girls’ friendship turns into adult relationships that are damaged by betrayal, lies, and unfair treatment. Yet, the fact that Sula defied the majority of social expectations ultimately made Nel think about how there was no eventual difference between the “good” and the “bad” that she always tried to emphasize after the drowning accident. Morrison shows that the changes that people go through may influence them, but would never affect a true friendship that does not bear any connection to how good or bad a person is. Despite the differences between Sula and Nel, Morrison successfully squeezes into her novel a thought-provoking idea revolving around men always moving away from their females. In Sula , males can be seen distancing themselves from their wives and love interests because they have jobs and claim independence. This was one of the reasons why Nel’s husband, Jude, cheated on her with Sula, her best friend. At the end of the day, Nel asks him how he could have left her if he knew her so well, but she does not get a substantial answer from the man she trusted the most (Morrison 70). To incorporate the concept of gender roles and explain the relationships between genders, Morrison also paid close attention to how motherhood changed women throughout the novel, having them disregard all the pain in the name of love for their child: “Boys is hard to bear. You wouldn’t know that, but they is” (Morrison 49). As Eva Peace, Sula’s grandmother, says in her dialog with Hannah, Sula’s mother, “I had room enough in my heart, but not in my womb” (Morrison 49). This is an indirect hint at the idea that women’s hearts are so big that they can give up on anything for the sake of something sacred, such as their child’s life or even friendship. The story shows how even the most challenging implicit problems cannot stop Nel and Sula from retaining their friendship. Despite their difference
The significance of Martin Luther’s letter from his Birmingham state jail was not an ordinary address over the state of affairs or writing to indicate the state of wellbeing in custody. He was quick to emphasize confidently that the reason for writing the letter was not in response to criticism but to the injustice, which was persistent in Birmingham. The reason Martin Luther as the leader of Southern Christian Conference found himself in jail was due to participating in a non-violent direct action involvement. The letter is a strong response in support of the role of activists in delivering freedom for the people. He also brings out the importance of recognizing need for interrelated states and societies, by presenting the mission of enhancing justice, as a request from affiliated religious groups in Birmingham. The writer strongly points out that existence of injustice at a certain place is an indirect threat of existing justice in other places. Martin Luther was concern with interrelation of state and justice for all. One clear indication is that people are in a mutually connected system focusing on a single destiny and there is no escape other than focusing on the anticipatable destiny. The letter clearly indicates how the states disapprove demonstrations but administration lacks concern thus fails to substantiate the required actions against the injustices. Injustice causes people to consider demonstrations such as those by the religious activists at Birmingham. The writing also brings out another side of the situations. Martin Luther’s letter is a response to alterations by fellow clergymen (Jackson, p.97). He strongly points how the state authorities tongue-tie those in authority or religious leaders who are supposed to fight for other’s rights. They consequently end up failing to react accordingly. He robustly condemns the clergymen for accusations based on the effects of peaceful demonstrations rather than focusing and standing by the reasons that lead to such public reactions. Comprehensible signals in support of non-violent actions such as the occurrences at Birmingham must first involve compilation of viable facts that clearly indicate existence of injustice, negotiation for change, personal purity on the matter and then direct action eventually if every action fails. If the clergymen sat together and decided on the procedures as stated in the letter, then they were reacting unreasonably by segregating and allowing racial injustice in Birmingham. The writer also apparently outlines the negligence or unfairness of the courts due to the unjust treatment accorded to members of a certain race particularl
Executive Summary Although the couple seems to be doing comparatively well as far as their financial resources are concerned, Anna and John could use a different approach toward investing their money. Furthermore, the couple should redesign the approach toward resource allocation. Particularly, the issue of cost management needs to be brought up as one of the primary concerns of the family. It is essential that Anna and John should get their priorities straight and plan their budget accordingly (Friedberg 121). Additionally, the very concept of setting goals and achieving them with the help of their budget needs to be redesigned. While it would be wrong to demand that every single purchase should be planned carefully, it will be necessary to make sure that the couple is aware of the risks and their financial limitations (Ahmed et al. 10). Homeowner’s Insurance Given the fact that the rent for the house is comparatively low, as well as the fact that there are valuable personal possessions, it will be reasonable to spend a significant number of the financial resources on the homeowner’s insurance. Furthermore, one should mention that the APR for the house is comparatively low (i.e., 3.5%, which means that the family will have to pay an average of ($250,000-$12,500)•0,035≈$8,312 every year). Thus, there is a possibility to extend the family’s budget so that the house could be insured appropriately. One must bear in mind that the threat of a theft implies that the family will lose a total of at least $18,450+$26,000+$3,500 = $47,950 , i.e., the jewelry, the gun collection, and the cash hidden in the house, the, which means that insurance mus
Paperwork The paperwork evidence is one of the main evidence, as it is the prejudicial evidence of the witness, who walked the cemetery and saw the act of vandalism of the tomb. The witness’s evidence is reliable, as he called the police, waited till their arrival and then told what he saw. The detailed description of the criminal is also reliable as it was 6:45 and the sunset on April 6, 2009 was on 7:15 – 7:20 pm, so the criminal was observed in a good way and the witness could have seen him. The witness’ ability to remember the face of the criminal gives the opportunity to create the picture of the criminal, what is crucial; as it is additional information, which is needed to make this a conclusive piece of evidence. The main points of the testimony are the appearance of the criminal, his cloths, and the actions, which he was provided (painting X’s on the tomb). The evidence also tells us about the time of the violence creation. The witness did not introduce any suggests; he just retold what he saw, without implying. Photographs The photo evidences, introduced in the case are important as they show the very issue of the crime provided. The pictures of the vandalism paintings on the tomb may not be contested as they were photographed after the very crime. The photos give the detailed description of the marks, which were painted on the tomb, their size and nature. The pictures were supported by the testimony of the witness, who saw the person, who created them. There could have been some confuse with the marks, as there are a lot of them, but as the pictures and investigation was made immediately, it was easily distinguished the old and the new marks, presented on the tomb. The vertical and horizontal lines with XXX’s were painted not so long before, and to prove it, some chemical investigation had to be provided with the aim to make this a conclusive piece of evidence, where the type of pain was identified. The lines allow making some suggestions that that the person was rather tall and managed to paint on the very top of the tomb. Additional Evidence The additional evidences, which are introduced in the case, are the evidences analysis, which give the information about the type of paint, the finger-print of the suspected criminal and James George Seizman biographical information. The biographical information of this very person is introduced not by chance, as after careful investigation all facts were directed against him, and the supposition was made that he is the criminal, who violence the tomb. The first additional evidence, which pointed to Seizman, was the witness’ description of the person he saw, which coin
The study dwells on the elaboration of the school consultancy guidance, which targets the improvement of the study correlations and the relations between the subjects of academic processes. The work relies on the outcomes of the experiment, which involved one school personnel – a teacher, a parent of one student, and one specialist in educational service. The experimentation followed the interview design and included three sets of questions. The first section related to the children’s support, the second one embraced the experiences of consultation effects, and the final section managed the issues of cooperation interrelations. According to the subjects’ responses, the improved consultation guidance was shaped, which focused on the optimal model of providing study feedback on both levels of the academic support that concerns parent-child and school-student cooperation. According to the results of the interview, three weak points of school consultancies were outlined. Primarily, the complaint, which was differentiated, concerned the problem of standard study treatment. Thus, the parent, who took part in the study, suggested that school administration sustains consultancies, according to the stable model, and the discussed issues are equal for all parents. Indeed, the prevalent academic experiences reveal that school consultancies are held in large groups and relate to the previously-prepared points for discussion such as academic performance, behavior characteristics, and social skills of a learner (Brigman, Mullis, & Webb, 2005). Consequently, the first skill, which has to be embraced by school consultancy specialists, refers to switching to an individualized approach that allows improving the quality of discussion outcomes for every student. Secondly, it was decided that study progress is hindered through the lack of cooperation between parents and school personnel. The regular experiences of learners at school are rarely matched with their home development and outer-school experience ( School improvement partners, 2013). This tendency creates additional school performance problems. For instance, one of the subjects of the experimentation related that his child kept complaining about the teacher, who criticized his pronunciation. The learner had some health problems, which prevented him from pronouncing specific sounds correctly. However, the educator did not take an interest in this fact and stimulated the creation of stressful conditions for the
Originalism has several strengths that include is its ability to easily resolve cases that involve abortion, same-sex marriages, and homosexual behaviors. It also deters judges from interpreting the constitution in their ways, allows amendment of the constitution n case it fails to meet the demands of the society and prevents arbitrary changes to the constitution. In addition, it gives room for discussions of constitutional texts in order to cipher the original meaning. Finally, originalism does not impose solutions because it serves to interpret the constitution and not to apply it to different scenarios. Therefore, it acts as a guide. Under originalism, different results can be obtained from similar cases based on individual interpretation. Non-originalism allows for flexibility with regard to interpretation of the constitution, facilitates the evolution of the constitution in order to deal with contemporary issues, and prioritizes the role of the constitution in protecting individual liberty. It also considers the importance of developing ways to deal with issues that are not addressed in the constitution. The main aim of the constitution is to protect individual liberty. Therefore, non-originalism promotes evolution of the constitution in order to cater for contemporary issues that were not considered by the drafters of the constitution. Originalists are inflexible. Therefore, they would approach abortion by considering what the constitution states about termination of life. A victim would thus be convicted for abortion because it is a crime to terminate the life of another human being. On the other hand, non-originalists would approach the issue differently. They would evaluate the cause of the abortion to determine its moral and legal implications. For example, they would allow it if it was done because the baby was deformed or endangered the life of the mother. The US vs. Nixon was a1974 court case between the United States and President Richard Nixon regarding the Watergate scandal. Nixon was accused of involvement in the break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic Party. He denied the accusations but an investigation into the issue revealed the existence of tapes that incriminated him. However, he declined to present the tapes to Congress on the grounds of executive privilege because he was president. The court ruled that Nixon was not protected by executive privilege in that case because the issue did not affect national security and because he was not above the law. I agree with the court’s decision because Nixon was abusing his presidential privileges. On the other hand, the fact that he was the president did not mean that he was above the law. The court’s decision discouraged the development of a culture of impunity where leaders could abuse power in pretext of executive privileges. Finally, the decision discouraged leaders from committing crime and using the constitution to absolve themselves of any wrongdoing. The Bush vs. Gore case re
Introduction Zora Neale Hurston wrote “Sweat,” in 1926 and the book was aimed at depicting the influential factors in her life. From 1924-1926, there was substantial empowerment of the Civil Rights organizations such as the National Urban League (NUL) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). As a result, Zora Neale Hurston wrote “Sweat” during a period of interracial association between American whites who were sympathetic of African Americans and the African American Talented Tenth. The prevailing concept of this period was the progression of African-American civil rights through the establishment of an interest group that was basically created by the artistic and literary movement. During this period, there was pressure from a group of American whites who were of the opinion that African Americans were predisposed to complaining that they lacked recognition for their work. The pressure group suggested that African Americans start presenting and exhibiting their work which led African American writers to start publishing their work together with exhibiting their artistic work. Is Delia Jones representative of black women at the time? Delia Jones is the central character of the Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat”. Delia is a washerwoman who has been married to an abusive husband, Sykes Jones for fifteen years. Delia comes across as a thin woman who has been extremely overworked due to her sagging shoulders (Lowe 74). She is extremely afraid of snakes, a phobia that her husband Sykes maliciously takes advantage of. “Sweat” takes a record of the events in her life, and her transition to a “new Delia” when she stands up to her husband after she finally has had enough of his abuse and consequently his death. Delia is greatly representative of an African American woman in the 1920s due to several reasons (Jones 85). The first reason is that most working-class African American women during this period were mainly employed as housemaids and washerwomen in white people homes (Croft 21). Due to the prevailing conditions at the time, African Ame
Describing scientific concepts to a wider audience of readers can be a challenge for many academics. Especially for those who are engaged in natural sciences, the language of research of which is often drastically different from what many can understand. However, authors can use a variety of rhetorical means to frame their arguments and appeal to evidence. This approach means not only the selection of simpler vocabulary and constructions but also special techniques. In this paper, I argue that the article by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow, The Elusive Theory of Everything , is an example of how scholars use storytelling and value arguments to appeal to a wider audience. I analyze the article in relation to Michael Carter’s value arguments in science research and Joshua Schimels’s message box tool to show how they are utilized by the author to reach the reader. These techniques allow Hawking and Mlodinow to present scientific arguments to a broader audience by simplifying information. Although the article does not provide a clear argument or thesis at the beginning that would fully describe the purpose and content of the article, it is possible to analyze the central claim. The central claim or argument of the article is that the perception of reality depends on the observation model. Hawking and Mlodinow say: “In our view, there is no picture- or theory-independent conc
Ireland republic is part of the United Kingdom and has been having an economy based on farming for centuries. The republic has gone through major economic changes including globalization. 1 Globalization is the process of conversion of home or local ideas into international ones. This process is a mixture of trade and industry, scientific, socio-cultural, and political forces; it is often used to refer to trade and industry globalization that is the integration of home economies into the worldwide market during the business, wealth flow, relocation, reserves, and spread of expertise. Ireland’s republic economic history was rural oriented on grazing land and increased dispensation of foodstuffs and the sell overseas business. State-run factories existed. During the 1930s there was an economic hostility where the Irish refused to maintain paying terrain annuities. This hostility was resolved in 1938. Patriotism, later, made many of the industries which were state-run and control to be under semi-state control today. In 1960, the economy expanded. Housing, skill, and overseas direct venture were encouraged. Education was also reformed. 1 In the 1980s, Ireland was under par in Europe and was far behind its European counterparts. The republic underwent economic difficulties until the 1990s-2001when they resolved to the Celtic Tiger period. The Celtic Tiger consisted of benefits that encouraged growth and investment such as, high FDI rate, low corporate tax rates, better economic management, and new social corporation move towards industrial relations. This changed the Irish economy with the European Union pumping over 10 billion pounds into infrastructure. In 2000, the republic turned out to be one of the wealthiest nations, joblessness minimal and earnings tax rate almost half of what was in the 1980s. The Irish economy expanded by five to six percent per annum raising the economic earnings to competitive levels with other Western European states. Economic changes in Ireland have been dynamic over the decades with transformation being attributed to good governance. The introduction of foreign involvement in economic matters helped Ireland shape up to be an economic giant in the region. It was not all rosy, during the dot com economic slowdown, Ireland was not spared. The high-tech sector was affected by a minimal growth rate. This however did not last, in 2003 – 2005, growth rates got better only to suffer again in 2007. This time the effect was a result of the wider global meltdown. Consumer spending has been affected greatly. 1 This tremendous growth was admired by other European states with a growth rate of ten percent in 2000 alone. Ireland had labor sh