ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Responsibilities of a Nurse in General Settings: Addressing the Threat of an Infection Responsibilities of a Nurse During the Infection Control Practice Prevention of hospital-acquired infections is a crucial process in the clinical setting. Therefore, as a nurse, one has to reduce the threat of infections, locate possible sources of a problem and eliminate them to ensure patients’ well-being (Singanayagam, Singanayagam, Wood, & Chalmers, 2011). The promotion of respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette along with the proper use of respiratory equipment should be deemed as critical responsibilities of a nurse (Coia et al., 2013; Faruquia & Mukundan, 2010). The case under analysis involved the management of HAI and particularly droplet infections. In the process, the Infection Control Assessment Tool for Outpatient Settings (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019) was used. The potential outcomes of infection control compliance include a rise in recovery rates among outpatients. Steps and Strategies for Risk Assessment for Healthcare Associated Infections in Different Populations Prior to introducing tools for the management of HAIs, a nurse has to evaluate the level of threat to which patients are subjected. The process of risk assessment should include the analysis of the geography to determine the possibility of conditions that may hinder the delivery of the necessary assistance for managing droplet infections (Chan, Bond, Adamson, & Chow, 2016). The culture and level of education of target populations should also be scrutinised as the factor that will affect the efficacy of HAIs prevention (Qiao, Huang, Zong, & Yin, 2018). The tool provided by the Department of Health and Human Services (2016) should also be incorporated into the framework. Finally, tools for controlling patients’ compliance with the suggested interventions will be required (Damani, 2003). Strategies for Prevention of Healthcare Associated Infections: A Clinical Nurse’s Perspective The task of preventing HAI is fraught with several challenges, the issue of education being the key one. Thus, revisiting the current approaches to disinfection, cleaning and, most importantly, advancement of self-care knowledge, is essential (Farrington, 2007). By making the guidelines for the sanitation and hygiene processes both for nurses and patients clear and concise, one will achieve noticeable progress (Steinkuller, Harris, Vigil, & Ostrosky-Zeichne, 2018). The location of hygiene facilities, such as tools for washing hands, also needs to be reconsidered for the visits of outpatients (The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, 2004). Principles of Infection Control and Scientific Tools for Monitoring Infection Control Practice The general principles and guidelines for controlling HAIs have remained basically the same, with the use of isolation techniques being quite common (Siegel, 2002). The promotion of cough etiquette will also help to identify and manage the cases that may pot
All branches of mathematics are constituted of patterns, methods of reasoning, and representations. All these can be applied in observed or imagined scenarios. Algebra’s main purpose is to provide a symbol system for describing relationships between quantitative variables. One of the factors that make algebra a difficult choice for most scholars is the incorporation of unknown values. Algebra can be applied in many aspects of everyday life. These include business, science, and personal activities. An example of how algebra affects science is its relationship with astronomy. Astronomers often observe objects that are very far away. To determine how far these objects are, one uses equations that employ algebra. This is because there is a relationship between the amount of light being emitted by objects in space and their distance from earth. Another effect of algebra on science is that it provides a means of studying advanced biology. Through application of algebra, it is possible to make biological-related calculations. For instance, there are algebraic equations that can calculate the relationship between structures, processes, and the expected outcomes. This field is known as algebraic biology. Algebra also affects how chemistry is studied. The study of chemistry is dominated by algebraic equations that are used to study the composition of different matter. Algebra also affects business in many ways. Businesses employ different kinds of mathematics including geometry. However, algebra plays an important role in mapping businesses’ past and future growth. This is mostly because businesses have to account for many unknown variables or “Xs”. Algebra can also be applied to the manner in which governments regulate business activities. There are several variables to be considered when regulating activities and all these relate to algebra. Algebraic concepts are used to solve many problems in science, business, and life in general. The algebraic concept of formulas can be employed when one intends to start a business. This is because when opening a business there are several variables involved. In addition, one has to correlate the observed aspects with imagined ones. Through careful considerations, one can come up with an algebraic equation that encompasses all these factors to calculate the expected profit. Another algebraic concept that can be used in weather science is that of variables. For instance, weather patterns are mostly predictable. However, weather patterns incorporate many variables or uncertainties. It is advisable to account for the weather factor when making any plans that can be affected by changes in weather patterns. For example, when undertaking farming, weather patterns are a vital consideration. Algebraic concepts can also be used to solve everyday problems in
According to the Allen interactions website of interactive design, instructional design has been described as, “The process by which instruction is improved through the analysis of learning needs and systematic development of learning materials. Instructional designers often use technology and multimedia as tools to enhance instruction.” It is within this picture that the ADDIE model is viewed. The Florida State University is stated to have developed the ADDIE model 1975 in some literature, and though it is further confirmed by many others that the time around which the model came into existence was that period, the mid-70s dedicated research by Michael Molenda of the Indiana University in his report, “In Search of the Elusive ADDIE model” (2003)claims that, rather, as a matter of fact, ADDIE model “is merely a colloquial term used to describe a systematic approach of instructional development.” He asserts that the model does not have a particular developer and just evolved informally as it is an overall term covering a number of models which have procedural frameworks that are similar. For the final model to come up, though, there are a number of stages through which the instructional design models went before they were finally recognized as such. The basic principles of ISD originated from the model which was used by the US army and developed by the Florida State University in the mid-70s and after successive improvements came to be called the IPISD (Branson, 1978). According to the findings of Molenda, although the principles used in ADDIE were already established long ago, it was referred to as the ISD model and not ADDIE in particular. The frequency with which instructional designers used the ADDIE procedure, as it was common in all the other ISDs, finally led them to start referring to ISD models generally as ADDIE models. (Molenda,2003). ADDIE refers to the main procedures comprising the broad process of ISD employed by the developers of training and instructional designers. It has five main stages, i.e., Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. (Molenda,2003). The steps are sequential, and the results of one step are transferred to the next. During analysis, the designer gets to know what the learning problem is, the learning surrounding, what is already known and the specific requirements of the target audience, and also the timeline for delivery. At the design stage, learning goals are set, prototypes, and the contents are also developed here (Learning Theories, 2008). These are systematically followed with the development, implementation, and finally, the Evaluation. Instructional design is also the methodological procedure that is used to produce regular and dependable teaching and educational programs; it is iterative and ingenious (Reiser and Dempsey, 2007). Simply put, it helps to establish the best ways of teaching different courses. ADDIE model, when used, due to its detailed nature, gets the learners to really get involved in the learning process. The main objective is to help the students get the best and fully realize their potential, and also meet the set standards of the curriculum th
Introduction Information technology was first introduced into the hospitality industry in the 1950s in multinational hotel chains. In the early 1970s, Hotel St. Jacques in Paris introduced automation of reservations, check in, guest billing and various aspects of management control (Brotherton 2003). Punched cards and linking of telephones and mini-bars to the system were used to help post charges directly to the bills of the clients. Over time, computerization was extended to restaurants and food service departments, the EPOS (electronic point of sales system), in hotels and cruise ships, etc. The integration of individual programs such as these led to the formation of the Management Information systems for the Hospitality industry (Brotherton 2003). The early systems were not user friendly and had many technical difficulties in implementation (Brotherton 2003). Despite these early difficulties, falling hardware prices, easy availability of computers and trained personnel and graphic user interfaces and the advent of the internet have led to the wide application of information systems in the hospitality industry. And the latest application that is widely used to research and book all types of tourism products across the globe is the Global distribution system (GDS) – the major electronic distribution system for the entire tourism Industry. The purpose of this essay to provide an overview of the ‘Global Distribution System’ and to argue that GDS is the best option to meet the changing needs and demands of the hotel and travel industries despite a few drawbacks. Global Distribution System A global distribution system can be defined as “a centralized and permanently up-to-date database that is accessible to its subscribers through computing terminals. It provides all kinds of tariffs and tourism services to subscribers on a day to day basis allowing its users to make change and cancel reservations, as well as to print tickets and avail themselves of any kind of rights related to services and products” (Pizam 2005, p. 275). The central site of each GDS contains many “large mainframes connected to thousands of terminals through some of the largest data communication networks in the civil world” (Jafari 2000, 254). GDS systems have high speed, highly reliable enterprise architecture and use open systems. They are capable of processing up to 17,000 travel-related messages per second during peak times, with response times of a fraction of a second (ITSA 2008). They generally opt for the most modern communications interface in the market including XML and EDIFACT (ITSA, 2008, 4). GDS systems have proved themselves to be fast, effic
Customer Value The firm is at a position of utilizing technology to the point of improving the quality of living all over the world. The firm invented machines that enabled the consumers to find ease especially in movement. The invention of the iBot made it easier for the consumers to move up and down stairs and even over rough surfaces. Home choice dialysis machine was made in such a manner as to enable the patients with chronic renal failure move freely. It is also portable hence can be easily carried in planes or cars. There is also the intravascular stent that help patients suffering from heart problems amongst other inventions in the medical field that are reliable (Cho 319). The firm invented an alternative mode of transport referred to as Segway Human Transporter. This machine offers customers and their goods convenience of moving short distances effectively. It increased the speed of movement at less amount of energy per person. The Segway HT is offered in two models the i-Series for personal and business people and the e series for transporting huge and heavy loads; it is priced like any other consumer electronic product (Cho 320). Capabilities The firms’ invention, the Segway HT, uses a design that has a smaller base with a unique stability that provides the users with safe stable and effective movement. Segway HT is provided in two unique models, the iSeries model that uses low pressure tires making it move easily over uneven grounds. The eSeries on the other hand have several capabilities which includes having an electric stand that enables it balance on its own, this provides the user the convenience of moving on and off the model when at work. The unit also provides for extra carriage capacity for luggage (Cho 319- 322). One of the capability gaps to be worked on is the weight of the design; it seems to be heavier than expected. To counter this gap the firm has plans to design a lighter version known as p-Series. The other disadvantage is that the design has no transportation laws to guard its use on the sidewalks. The firm’s capability lies on its dynamic stabilized technology that enables it to configure one of the most efficient means of personal transport. The Segway HT does not use fossil fuel which makes it convenient compared to other automobiles. This uniqueness makes it possible to be used in more congested cities where pollution is a threat. The firm has derived all of these capabilities from the combination of science, engineering and right focus (Cho 319- 322). In order to ensure stability the firm gives its employees the freedom to be innovative and creative, the manager encourages the staff and believes every idea from any person can always work provided it’s given the right attention (Cho 318). The Segway HT is unique in the sense that it has the ability of transporting peop
Introduction The Marxism philosophy is the brainchild of Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels in the mid-nineteenth century. Nevertheless, Marxism philosophy is more synonymous with the philosopher Karl Marx. Marx was a German-born philosopher, political economist, and sociologist. The Marxist theory was mainly a product of studies that were aimed at investigating the working class citizens and the role that they play in society. The basis of the Marxism philosophy is contained within “The Communist Manifesto”, a book by both Marx and Engels in 1848. The book’s main ideas alluded to the element of class struggles in the then European society. The advent of Marxism philosophy coincided with the burgeoning industrial revolution. The oppression of the working class citizens was a major issue in the nineteenth century. Eventually, Europe became the playground of social revolutions and this situation only added credence to Marxism. There have been concerns that the original intentions and constituents of Marxism philosophy have been altered over time. This essay outlines the intentions of the nineteenth century Marxism philosophy including some of it
Executive Summary Internationalization has increased across the world as a result of globalization. Different theories of internationalization exist, but with much Western bias. This in turn makes their application to developing economies problematic. The need to international and the subsequent internationalization mode that each company adopts depends on numerous factors. Chery Automobile Company is a China-based Company that internationalizes in order to expand its market. Throughout the analysis, Chery’s internationalization strategies are linked to the need for the company to acquire technology, obtain managerial know-how, and acquire new markets. Through cooperation and strategic alliances, Chery has been able to achieve a lot, and today, the company is one of the leading automobile companies across the world. At the same time, it is established that firms from developing economies prefer strategic alliances as a way of being uncertain of foreign environment, intend to reduce costs and risks, and strategy to learn and adapt while progressively expanding and accessing foreign market. Overall, it is established that the strategy each firm adopts depends on multivariate factors, both present in internal and external environments of the organization. Introduction Globalization continues to transform the world, both in developed and developing societies. The success of globalization remains reflected in increased modern communication, growth of political democracy, transportation, and improved infrastructure, whereby, these aspects have opened markets in different countries for international trade and finance. Today, many organizations are breaking down geographical barriers to set up operations in different parts of world and as a result, transnational operations characterize modern world. Organizations decide to internationalize their operations due to different reasons, but in most cases, the objective is to realize growth and sustainability of the organization (Susman, 2007). Chery Automobile Ltd, a China-based private company, has adopted internationalization strategies with an aim to access European market. Therefore, this assessment research will use this as a case study to investigate the motivations behind Chery’s internationalization strategies, and the company’s corporate strategy that stimulate internationalization activities. Why Organizations decide to internationalize Internationalization activities are prevalent in today’s world, and theories that explain this tend to be ‘western-biased’, although their usage in developing societies cannot be ignored (Athreye and Kapur, 2009). Johnson & Turner (2003) identify four major categories of factors that motivate firms to move to foreign countries, which are resource seeking, market seeking, efficiency seeking, and strategic base seeking. Griffin & Pustay (2005) further split these factors into supply and demand factors, some
Introduction Multinational firms are faced with various challenges while operating in the host country. The challenges are particularly worse for multinational companies operating in countries where there are differences in cultural and management practices between the host country and the multinational firm’s country. Multinational firms operating in mainland China and in the UK or US face these challenges in their operations. China is one of the countries that values Foreign Direct Investment. This is because of the belief that, Foreign Direct Investment benefits a country via receiving products and equipment that are up to date. It also brings forth advanced practices in Human Resource Management. A lot of foreign investors from all over the globe have successfully started business enterprises in china, despite the challenges they face. The rapid economic growth that has been witnessed in China in the recent past has attracted a lot of foreign investors. Many foreign organizations have shown interest in investing in the Republic of China. Firms that have established their operations in China are concerned about using the right management practices, in order to be successful in their endeavors. However, this has not been without various challenges that these multinational companies have had to deal with. The process of globalization, which began a few years ago, has opened up a lot of opportunities for business to be carried out globally. The restrictions that used to hinder companies from venturing into business practices overseas have now been eliminated. The nations are currently able to venture into businesses globally. This paper entails a theoretical discussion on international and comparative HRM. It shall then address the various challenges that a fictitious chain of supermarket, MRH, from Australia is likely to face as it establishes branches in three overseas markets namely China, the United States and the United Kingdom. Theoretical discussion on international and comparative HRM Different countries have their own human resource management practices that may not be necessarily identical to the Human Resource Management practices found in other countries. Multinational corporations planning to venture into other countries to start their operations there are likely to encounter some challenges while trying to adopt to the HRM practices of the host country. Multinational companies face numerous challenges, especially in attracting and keeping qualified personnel. For example, in China, there is a massive shortage of talents although the country has been producing the largest number of graduates annually. This is attributed to the unpractical system of education that is practiced in China. Most of the graduates pursue degree courses that are not marketable in the labor market. The graduates end up being jobless. Multinational companies have also had to deal with the challenge of expatriate failure due to the culture shock they experience once they start their operations in China. Initially, multinational corporations operating in China tried to use Standardized Human Resource