ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
For a business to be successful, it must have a working product pricing system. There are several factors that should be considered when setting the price for your products. The methods applied when setting your pricing include; cost-based pricing, completion-based pricing and customer based pricing. Competition should be considered when determining the price of a product. As competition increases in the industry, the product pricing strategy becomes more flexible. When your competitors sell the same product and at a lower price might impact negatively for your business (Jeff & Mary). Perceived value of the product is a factor that must be considered before deciding on the price for your product. This is because of the fact that many customers tend to associate low price with low quality (Howard & James, 2004). The ability to balance between the perceived value and the price of the product is an idea in coming up with the best price for your product. Development costs must be considered when deciding on the price of a product. These costs get incurred when a new product introduced in the market. The costs are from research and experimentation when developing the product (Jeff & Mary). The price of the product should not be below its actual cost price. The economic factors such as labor cost, currency exchange rate, taxation rate, inflation rate, and monetary policies have an influence on the product pricing strategy. The level of market demand also has an effect on the product pricing strategy (Bathgate, 2004). When demand exceeds supply, the prices get inflated due to reduction of available products. Demographics have an influence on the pricing of the product. Factors such as age bracket, business location, and education status influence the product pricing strategy (Jeff & Mary). The product pricing strategy based on the targeted customers. Class of targeted customers also influences the product pricing strategy. The product targeting the rich will be high priced than products targeting the middle class and the low income earners. Cost-based pricing is coming up with product cost subtotal. All cost for running the business must be included. The costs include transportation, wages, raw materials, rent, advertising and any other costs (MasterPack, 2010). The product subtotals help to come up with the right price for the product. Competition-based pricing enable your business to know its competitors, which help in focusing on your business. Being acquainted with your competitors helps in deciding on the right price for your product (MasterPack, 2010). A unique and innovative product can be priced high thus increasing your product value. Knowing your customers is an influence on setting product prices. Paying attention to customer’s views on your product helps in coming with a better product pricing (MasterPack, 2010). Customer’s satisfaction is the primary need for all businessmen. In c
Parallel play is often misunderstood as a barrier to the growth of children and toddlers. Children develop even though they are subject to such kind of a tendency. The following essay delivers different aspects of parallel play and focuses on uprooting the so-called fear regarding parallel play in young children and toddlers. Parents should not doubt their upbringing as, after a certain period of time, children themselves start becoming social and take interest in other children as well. No doubt parents do play an important role in helping their offspring to try and mix up with other children of their age group. Finally, what they can only do is give their children ample time to pull themselves out of solitary play and start getting social and friendly with the rest of the kids. It would require enough patience and not worry over this aspect of childhood. There is nothing serious about this as most of the parents think it is. Parallel play is just another phase in the lives of their children. The essay will eventually guide you through different aspects regarding parallel play in young children and will also prove that it has nothing got to do with nurture. Parallel play… Is it nature or nurture? Why is this such a troubling aspect of people’s lives? Why can’t society just let it be? Why can’t we give our children the time of their own? Is it necessary to make an issue out of such a trivial affair? Can’t we just take it easy? After all, it’s all about our kids. It’s all about the growing process. There is nothing to fret about. The only thing d they surely will as and when they grow up. Children usually enter into parallel playing at the age of 2-3. But, as they grow, they start communicating with we can do is, give our children enough time to accustom themselves to the social environment. Another child of their age. According to some studies, the parallel play also means a group of children working on a common topic. Since they are working together and there are no viewers. But mostly, the ghost of parallel play is restricted to children playing solitarily. Even though there are other children present in the same room, still some children restrain themselves from solitary play. To play is to learn to live in this world in a skilled and competent w
Introduction The concept of ethics in human society has been faced with a lot of dilemma and controversies over the recent past. People across the globe are facing ethical dilemmas in resolving different phenomenon. Based on the increased need for social responsibility and ethics in undertaking different actions, people should observe ethical principles. The issue of human-earth relationships regarding land and sea ownership has raised great ethical controversies. There has been need for establishment of reliable principles to guide ethics in relation to human-earth interactions. The selection of papers and materials for addressing this issue are guided by their relevance and focus on highlighting ethical issues. The main themes to be considered in the paper are the ethical principles relating to socially responsible human-earth relations. The concepts of intrinsic value, integrity, stewardship, trusteeship and morality will be the main themes addressed in this paper. The contributions and insights offered by Robert Howell in the field of ethics will be given tribute in this paper. This is an overwhelming resource in the field of ethics and seeks to resolve the controversy regarding different ethical and moral dilemmas on the human – earth relationship. Robert Howell, who is a distinguished scholar and author, has demonstrated his expertise in the field of ethics in this journ
California History: Hollywood Movie Posters The California state is known for its luxurious and beautiful lifestyle, but questions arise of what lies behind all that beauty. Generally it is known as a state with a stable economy, a lot of laxity and prosperity. However, the state has a dark enigma lying behind it. Indeed, defining California’s lifestyle can be a diverse topic ranging from adventure to violence. Looking at some of the posters, from my opinion California is portrayed as a state full of fun and adventure. Take for example the poster of American Graffiti ; there seem to be a mood of freedom, happiness and lots of fun. Blowing of a trumpet, while in the middle of such a big crowd, displays freedom of entertainment, and couples relating and cruising all around shows the adventure in mingling with different kinds of persons. The poster of Fast Times at Ridgemont High shows two free young ladies, which might be interpreted to show the carefree life of California. People having fun in all ways they want, with the attitude of “this life is short”. Other posters such as the Black Dahlia, Pulp Fiction and Heat display people with very serious and daring faces. This brings out California as a city with people willing to venture into very risky missions yet with no fear of any consequences. Some of the posters, like There will be blood, Crash and Heat, are very dark showing that they are things taking place in the night. This portrays California as a state with mysteries, adventures, jeopardies and undertakings that are only unleashed in the night. From the posters we also get a reflection of a violent state. To begin with, guns are all over. Looking at the posters, one can conclude that, in California, guns are not a big deal; one can use them wherever and whenever they want. This of course might not be the case. A poster like that of The Maltese Falcon displays a person who is willing to finish another’s life to get what he wants. Take that of the Pulp Fiction , it presents California as state where use of violence is the only way to solve things. The face of the woman on the poster can also be interpreted as saying things can only go her way, with no negotiations or otherwise the pistol does its work. From the California Conquest poster we also get to see that it is not only guns which can be used for defense but also swords. Other titles also like There Will Be Blood bring out the picture of violence in California. The poster of Die Hard also displays a serious cop using a gun against twelve terrorists. This can be an indication of the varsity of criminal activities in California. This draws our attention to the fact that people might be forced to own guns for self defense. In Lethal Weapon poster, we also see two serious men with one holding a gun; again we see violence being exhibited. Judging from the facial expressions we can conclude that it is a city where people are not shaken or scared easily. In my opinion, California appears to be a city where violence and bloodshed are such an easy and small thing to do. The movie posters also display California as state with beautiful and sexy women. Most of the women are a
Wistrich gives us the reasons why the Nazi party in Germany made Jews the target of their collective rage. It was believed that the Jews were especially inclined toward communism and indeed many of the communist leaders were Jewish in origin. Hitler believed that Marxism was a tool employed by the Jews in a plan to impose their domination upon the whole world 1 . While it is true that Karl Marx was ethnically Jewish, and many Marxist and communist leaders, such as Trotsky were also Jewish, there does not exist any evidence to suggest that they were also inclined toward Judaism as a religion. On the contrary Communists were inclined to hate all religion, regarding it as a tool employed by the upper class in order to perpetuate their rule over the lower classes 2 . The Nazis held the Jews responsible for Germany’s defeat in the First World War. They charged Jews with war profiteering and political and moral corruption. Hitler rejected parliamentary democracy as a system of rule because it allowed minorities, such as the Jews, to have disproportionate influence in running the affairs of the country 3 . The Nazis and other populist political movements in Germany believed that the Jews had undue influence in the country through their prominent positions in the media and the financial system 4 . Lewis takes a look at Anti-Semitism throughout the ages. He points out that in the medieval period, European attacks on Jews were based on Christian theology; Jews were accused of Deicide and were targeted by the Christian communities in which they lived, as enemies of Jesus Christ. During the renaissance, the role of Christianity in society was considerably reduced; this however did not mean an end to the hostility against Jews. Anti-Semitic rhetoric in the post-renaissance period focused on Jewish ethnic and racial differences with the non-Jewish population 5 . According to Hobbes, the state of nature is that of constant warfare and strife among different entities. Being a product of nature, Humans are subject to the same impulses and motivations which drive animals to make war upon one another. Accord to Hobbes peace and order among Humans can only be established by Human governments within the confines of collective entities or nations. This order is imposed through coercion and through limits placed on the freedom of action of individuals. Also a shared set of norms and values is a necessity for establishing peace. 6 According to Hobbes, at the level of different nations there cannot be permanent peace; nations can only be perpetual conflict with one another though the intensity of the conflict may be reduced. This is because at the international level there exists no supreme force that may coerce nations into adopting a certain standard of behavior. Different nations have different norms and hold different sets of values 7 . According to this theory, it is simple to understand why the Jews faced hostility wherever they reside. It is the very fact that Jews thought of themse
Attack Analysis The possibilities of the Internet today can be considered almost limitless because, with the help of the global network, a large number of operations are performed daily, and people around the world enjoy these benefits. However, the Internet is not always used for peaceful purposes. With the development of technologies and the improvement of programming systems, there have become more frequent cases of so-called hacker attacks, which are a real problem for many large companies. The scenario of such attacks is often similar: cybercriminals hack into secret databases and other private information that is usually not publicly displayed and place stolen data on the network. Over time, it has become more difficult to fight such criminals as new ways of circumventing defense systems and antivirus databases were invented. Thus, one of the most famous cases in the world, which related to the hacking of important information, was the attack on the database of the world-famous online store eBay. According to some sources, it was included in the list of the most severe attacks in the history of the Internet. Therefore, it is necessary to find out what the perpetrators were guided by, what result this attack entailed, and what measures could have been taken to prevent the leakage of important data. Summary of the Attack The case under investigation occurred in the summer of 2014 when one of the most popular trading platforms on the Internet was attacked by virtual intruders (Meyer, 2017). According to Meyer (2017), “the company had 145 million user accounts compromised” (p. 11). Such a large number of affected people could not go unnoticed, and the eBay case received a significant public response. Despite the fact that the attack did not touch on important financial information, for example, essential data about payment cards of clients, personal data of many users were stolen. In this regard, users of the online store had to urgently change their private information including passwords and logins, and delete old accounts in order to avoid hacking. The fact is that clients’ personal pages do not contain vital payment information. However, such personal data as volume and history of purchases, as well as some other information, were contained in their accounts. Therefore, the attack was primarily related to the theft of not financial but private user data. The damage to the reputation of eBay was significant. The company representatives tried to do everything possible to compensate for the damage done to their customers. However, the authority of the online store as the largest site for the sale of goods was significantly spoiled, and its management had to experience much criticism in its address, which came from angry shop users. Because of the fact that this hacking attack has become one of the most public in the history of the Internet, it is still an example for many other large online trading corporations. Therefore, the events of 2014 were discussed very actively, and today, eBay is putting
This essay will discuss the painting by Samuel Richards which is called Blissful Hours . It is necessary for us to focus on the artistic elements of this picture and its theme. The author completed it in Munich in 1885. Eight year later it was first exhibited in Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition. This is an oil picture, and its canvas is 39 1/2 x 57 1/4 inches. According to Samuel Richards’s letter, this work depicts a village girl who works on her bridal dress (Tottis, 216). The artist has never explicitly stated the purpose of this work. Yet, one can deduce that he strives to portray the life of rural people in the nineteenth-century Europe. The main message of this picture can open to various interpretations, for instance, it can demonstrate how women of that period were dependant on marital status and how important wedlock was for them. This picture has some elements of Romantic and Baroque painting. In particular, one can speak about the blurring of shapes and colors. The painter used this element of design in order to focus the viewer’s attention on the maiden rather than on some elements of decor like furniture. Samuel Richards uses grey, white, and beige colors. In many cases, they merge into one another. Perhaps, in this way, he tried to emphasize the gentleness of this village girl. Again, this response can be explained by the fact that she is placed in the most illuminated part of the room and the viewers can see her tender face and hands. It is possible to say that she is the focal point of this painting. This work fits into the career of this artist. One can draw parallels between this painting and some other works by Samuel Richards, for example, German Girl , or Head of a Peasant . Overall, rural life is an important theme in his works (Tottis, 216). Moreover, one should take into account that this artist grew up and often lived in such environment. Thus, this painting fits his career and life. While working on this painting the author relied primarily on visual rather than literary sources. This work of art can tell us much about the social relations of that period. In particular, it can show that marriage was of the crucial importance for women of that period. It was one of the ways in which they could raise their social status. Overall, this work was praised for its realistic portrayal of village life and household (Tottis, 217). In terms of themes, this work can be compared to other works done at the same time, for instance, the painting by Jean-Francois Millet which is called The Gleaners . This painting also depicts the life and labor of rural women. As far as the process of this artistic piece is concerned, we can say that very little is known about it. Samuel Richard completed this painting in Munich and he was working in a village near this city. Yet, there are no preliminary sketches of this artistic work. This artistic piece represents American painting of the nineteenth cen
Core Thesis Core Ideas in “Blink” People’s ability to notice tiny details at first glance is amazing due to the effect that it produces on their decision-making and their choices in business and personal life. Some may call it intuition, others refer to the described concept as attention to detail, yet Malcolm Gladwell (2007) prefers to call this ability the “blink” as in “the blink of an eye” (p. 23). Claiming that a blink is an important part of shaping one’s opinion of a particular subject and making a decision, Gladwell argues that the power of a blink may have a positive effect on business when used properly. Although Gladwell (2007) realises that snap judgments may be misleading, he insists that the “blink” should be treated as an important element of forming an opinion in the business setting. The idea of the instant judgment as the basis for people’s decisions has proven to be correct over time (Weetman 2016). As Gladwell (2007) explains, speed dating is one of the most obvious examples of the “blink” since it implies people making instant choices that will define their further personal life. At the same time, the author admits that immediate impressions may be misleading and even cause major social and political problems. For instance, Gladwell (2007) addresses the case of Harding, “one of the worst presidents in American history,” who was also promoted by the person under the impression of his perfection (p. 36). The author explains that the blink may lead to significant positive outcomes when used along with other tools and with due caution. At the same time, Gladwell (2007) argues that, when applied to the areas such as business and economy, the blink may save the world due to the opportunities that it provides. How “Blink” Changes the Vision of the World The concept of “blink” as explained by Gladwell (2007) is, in fact, not a new idea. The “blink” has been known in the business and economy studies as behavioural decision-making and considered an important part of information analysis. However, it was Gladwell’s book that attracted so much attention to the concept that used to be taken for granted. Therefore, the new vision that the author offers can be considered a massive change in the modern business world since it helps to build a new approach toward managing business processes. “Blink” states that the first impression of which one is often unaware should be taken into account, thus changing the world completely. Gladwell’s (2007) discovery of the “blink” makes it possible to create business scenarios in which a company will remain successful even in a rather challenging setting. By relying on their intuition, leaders of business organisations can avoid the options that are potentially harmful to their companies. Moreover, the “blink” can be used on a larger level, such as changes made to the state economy. For instance, Gladwell (2007) mentions several cases when leaders made
Comets and asteroids have created great impacts on the earth systems throughout history. For instance, astrologists have identified close to 170 impact craters on earth, with diameters of not less than 250km and age of up to two billion years. Upon impact, these extraterrestrial objects transfer energy through ultra-high-pressure shockwave to the intended rock, thus creating shocking metamorphic effects in rocks. Markedly, during the formation of planets, close to one trillion asteroid bodies collided to form 30 young planets; they had individual masses of about 10% that of the Earth. The embryos went through giant collisions to form a few planet-sized bodies. At one point, a giant impact led to the formation of the moon and immense re-melting of the Earth that made the original atmosphere to disappear. On the moon, successive collisions led to the formation of 6,000 craters with a radius greater than 6 miles. Additionally, impact collisions formed the South Pole Aitken basin, which has a radius range of 150km to 1250km and Procellarum basin of 1750km in radius. Recently, subsequent collisions formed large craters such as Manicouagan in Quebec, which has a diameter of 100km and over 212 million years old. Such impacts released energies that can form destructive surface blast-waves that can cover over a million square kilometers. According to NASA, a giant asteroid of 6 miles in diameter killed the dinosaurs. About 1.8 to 2.5 billion years ago, four asteroids impacted the moon while seventy asteroids hit the Earth. The extraterrestrial impact that killed the dinosaurs formed a spherule layer that had a depth comparable to those of the Archean times. At the seas, muds remain deposited at the beds beyond the reach of waves. Notably, 65 million years ago, a key collision at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary led to mass extinction in the terrestrial biosphere. Chemical anomalies, shocked, and melted materials show further evidence of the massive impact. Also, the K/T occurrence formed the 180-kilometer Chicxulub crater in Mexico. Extraterrestrial impacts have also ejected a lot of dust into the atmosphere; the effect has resulted in the termination of photosynthesis and reduction in land temperatures below the freezing point. Continuous bombardments of the extraterrestrials within the solar system have led to the formation of beds. Sph