ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The witches were people who were believed to destroy the society and they were mostly women, many were poor or elderly and most were unmarried. These people were alienated from their neighbors this is because they were seen as different and therefore they were not liked by others in the society. A woman was fired from work due to her nails, makeup, and clothing as she was associated with witchcraft. There are the puritans that founded a colony and were persecuted due to their belief in Christianity. They banned theater, games of chance, and all the morality that was governed by the church. This is because they decided to have heaven been established on earth and due to this utopia then they were greatly persecuted. As the traditional society was met with the forces of modernity and the beginning of the stages of industrialization then a strong anti-modernist reaction resulted. (Jeffrey, 1987) Main Part Two things that resulted in that are the evolution and the beginning of the attempts to analyze the bible from the historical perspective. The witch hunts took place after the middle ages and were carried out by civilized people. These people had the thought that it was not wrong to carry out their activities this is because at this time there were changes in the economy with capitalism, with the culture change whereby there was the raise in renaissance and the religion with the reformation. Such changes led to people practice on these activities. The western civilization was by there was activities like slavery been carried out, the disparities between the rich and the poor were made and there was the destruction of culture and thus these activities encouraged these hunts. The most educated, the literate, the well trained and the urban elites were the most known people who did these hunts. This is because at that time the people’s cultures were done away with and thus they became more civilized as industrialization was taking place at the same time. Thus people learn new ways and means of survival, unlike the traditional era where they had the culture dominating and had different views concerning the witches. During this age, the Christian view of witchcraft was a confusion of how the people thought of witches and it was something that was not easy to understand. Most of the authorities thought that witchcraft could not harm because it was not real. A debate rose where different church authorities had different beliefs on the existence of witchcraft and the harm it could cause and due to these differences the church broke and at the same time reformation was taking place. The witch hunts mainly targeted the women and thus it became hard to trace a man who was a witch. This is because they said that women were mostly tempted by the devil and that is why the women are witches. Most of the witch hunts i
It is the main purpose of international relations theory is to provide a framework to analyze events in history through a narrowed lens in order to make sense of what happened, why it happened, and what may happen in the future. By analyzing the past, assumptions can be drawn and patterns can be recognized to show what may happen under similar circumstances in the future, and help policy makers better understand the situation and tailor their policies for the best outcome. In recent scholarship, two main theoretical perspectives have emerged and dominated the international relations stage: Realism and Liberalism. However, a third perspective, which predates both, that is worth exploring combines all aspects of humanity: economics, sociology, politics, and anthropology together to form a further reaching, inclusive strategy for analyzing international relations. This overarching framework is Marxism, and from it a few different theoretical perspectives have arisen. Marxism evaluates the human condition at the most fundamental level and concludes that human interaction is defined by the division of labour. Economic power struggles are at the heart of all conflict and reinforce the current world order from both the outside-in and the inside-out. Two separate, yet similar international relations approaches that operate within the Marxist framework are Historical Materialism and World-Systems Theory. This essay will first seek to provide a synopsis of how each theory operates within the international realm. Then, through the application of the 1999 Kosovo war, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each theory in explaining historical state interaction. And finally, it will analyse the similarities and differences of the two approaches to international relations and examine their relevance to today’s international system. Historical Materialism Historical materialism stems directly from the political philosophy of Karl Marx, and therefore perhaps is the international relations theory that identifies closest to the Marxist ideology. By all accounts the theory is best described by a passage in the Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859). In it Marx proposes that “economic phenomena are the leading factors, in the long run, in all important social changes” (Miller, 1975). It is this concept that defines how men interact in their relationship with nature: In the social production of their existence, men inevitably enter into definite relations, which are independent of their will, namely relations of production appropriate to a given stage in the development of their material forces of production. The totality of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness (Marx, 1904). The key distinction from this method of thought is not just the means with which men secure resources to meet their needs,
Demand Forecast for Carrefour Carrefour is one of the leading hypermarkets in the United Arab Emirates. The firm has been successful in managing market competition posed by both local and international firms. Thomopoulos notes that the retail industry in this country is increasingly becoming competitive due to emergence of new firms (45). The management of Carrefour will need to develop an effective operational plan that will enable it to remain competitive in the market. To do this, it will need to prepare a demand forecast to determine how to plan for its activities. According to Altay and Adams, a firm can use a number of strategies to prepare a demand forecast (74). The two most popular strategies include determining population increase and changes in market size. The researcher will use these two strategies to forecast the demand in the retail market in which Carrefour operates. Data retrieved from Thomopoulos shows that the city of Dubai’s population has been increasing consistently since 2008 (42). The increase is associated with high rate of immigration into the city. The figure below shows the consistent increase in the city’s population. Dubai’s population increase (Thomopoulos 69). The pattern above shows that the demand for products offered at Carrefour will increase due to consistent increase in the population of Emirati’s most popular city. It is a fact that these people will have to shop for various products, from basic needs to luxurious products. Smith warns that it is always dangerous to assume that an increase in population will automatically result into an increase in demand for products (78). It is, therefore, necessary to use an additional model that would confirm the estimations made through population increase. The researcher used a report by Chase which estimated the growth of United Arab Emirates’ market size from 2009 through to 2016. Their research focused specifically on the retail market (48). The figure below shows the findings of their research. United Arab Emirates’ market size (Thomopoulos 88). The findings from these two approaches of demand forecasting strongly suggests that the demand for Carrefour products shall increase by about 15% within the next one year. The operations manager will have to plan for this change in demand to ensure that this firm has all the necessary products that its clients will need within that period. Operational Plan The demand forecast done above shows that it is very likely that the market demand for products offered by Carrefour shall increase within the next one year. In this operational plan, the researcher has identified operational issues that must be addressed in order to improve efficiency within the firm. Product portfolio According to Billings and Jones, when planning for an expected increase in demands for a firm’s product, one of the issues that must be looked at is the product portfolio (112). The management of Carrefour will need to have a comprehensive analysis of the demands for the existing products and determine if there are changes that should be made. In its stores, this firm offers a wide range of products from electronics and furniture to fo
Introduction The film, LA Confidential, is an indication of innate corruption and perversion of the criminal justice system within California. Citizens are not secure because crime is flourishing, and the people meant to protect them are simply not rising to the occasion. It exposes the vulnerability of city residents, thus proving that some individuals are invisible; they can get away with anything so long as it is done in the name of justice. Corruption in criminal justice At first glance, the movie succeeds in portraying the immense level of violence in California. A mob-led criminal underworld, which Mickey Cohen led, was responsible for this situation. However, his departure only exposes avoid that several other criminals are willing to fill. In order to do so, they eliminate members of Cohen’s mob in order to do so. The wave of killings in Los Angeles is thus a result of disruptions in the mob world. This situation indicates the high degree of defenselessness to which residents of California are exposed. Underneath the glitz and glamour that many have come to associate with the state, is a dark side that could eradicate anyone in its way. As the story progresses, one learns that law enforcement officers in Los Angeles, and hence California, are driven by all the wrong motives. The story under investigation cannot move forward unless all the three police officers work together. However, their personal battles come in the way of this. One is obsessed with his career, another by his love relationship and another by guilt. Nonetheless, these are not the real evils inherent in the criminal justice system. The real problem is the police subculture that allows corrupt behavior to take place indiscriminately. First, the policemen have an unwritten law that forbids them from testifying against each other. One of the characters affirms that he is “not a snitch” while another officer claims that he would never testify against another officer, let alone his own partner. Even when one of the law enforcers, Exley, is determined to break this cycle, he must contend with a degree of chastisement from his peers. In one scenario, Vincennes took a bribe; other police officers knew about it, but none of them would report the matter. Some law enforcers also carried out shakedowns, yet none of their peers were willing to terminate this behavior by taking it forward. Therefore, systematic failure existed because the police’s sense of brotherhood was stronger than their commitment to the pursuance of justice. Such complacency came at the price of peace in California. Police corruption is also eminent in the version of California that was portrayed in the movie. If one is to take this depiction as true, then one would realize that the criminal justice system was failing its inhabitants. It even appears that the more corrupt an officer is, the higher his chances for promotion become. The system appears to reward wrongdoers and penalizes those who play by the book. Bribe taking, racist attacks against Mexican prisoners, and hiding evidence all contribute to the successes of a series
When actions and decisions are produced in a disciplined manner, they culminate into strategic planning process. Before initiating strategic planning process at the IT department of the New Castle Hospital, it is necessary to identify the key individuals who will be involved. These include the planning team, board of directors, staff and clients. Second, it is also necessary to make use of planning so that the best results can be attained. In this case, the basic planning model will work quite well with the hospital’s ED information system. This model will assist in setting up and evaluating the mission statement of the hospital, goals and objectives to be met, approaches or strategies to be used in meeting the goals, viable action plans, and establishing functional strategic action plans. Third, the specific issues hampering the operation of the Information Technology department should be listed down. For example, poorly trained members of staff are one of the key challenges facing the department in the hospital. Listing down the challenges will assist in prioritizing specific needs that demand to be given rapid attention. Thereafter, the plan ought to be explained and eventually adopted by the top organ of the management team drawn form the hospital. Future meetings can be planned by the board in order to deliberate the emerging issues. The planning process should be accorded adequate time. A facilitator can also be used in this process. Finally, the progress of the plan should be checked out on a regular basis. Some of the factors listed in the case include competition, poor reimbursement, alienation of workforce due to six months of strike, and reduced public confidence. Moreover, the hospital’s capital reserves were depleted due to heavy financial losses. The board and the management team’s neglect also took place for several years. Out of the challenges noted above, overcoming financial difficulty that is currently being faced by the hospital will not be easy. Even though management teams can be re-constituted, it is imperative to mention that the New Castle Hospital has undergone gross financial losses for a long time. In particular, the hospital’s facility demands additional investment in most departments so as to revamp the services being offered to clients. At the same time, the hospital consumes a lot in terms of the recurrent expenditures such as wages and salaries for employees. Unless external sources of funding the hospital’s activities are sought, restoring the facility to its past financial status will remain cumbersome. As it stands now, t
Introduction Saudi Arabia is an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It has the largest reserves of petroleum in the world, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (Hendon et al, 1996). Saudi Arabia is basically a Muslim country and as such has basically Islamic culture. However, economic prosperity in the mid-1970s brought exposure to Western education and ideas. This mix of Islamic culture and Western culture enables the Saudis to communicate better with the rest of the world (Hendon et al, 1996). Values In Saudi Arabia, loyalty to family overrides all other social obligations. The overwhelming majority of the population of Saudi Arabia is Arabs who adhere to the Wahhabi sect of Islam (Gorrill, 2007). They value their Islamic religion highly and it is Islam that offers the framework for all social and political behavior. In Islamic culture, emphasis is placed on ethics and expected social behavior such as generosity, respect and solidarity. These are also the foundations of the way Arabs handle business (Gorrill, 2007). To Saudis, time is a highly malleable frame of reference within which they operate. They do not want to be rushed. Common Beliefs As Muslims, Saudis fervently believe in only one God, Allah (Hendon et al, 1996). They consider females subordinate to males. Saudis think what can be accomplished depends mainly on God’s will. The expression, “God willing,” is the Saudi’s daily affirmation of this belief. Saudis, do the best they can in a situation and accept delays and interruptions as signs that God’s approval has not been earned. Westerners will certainly find their orientation toward time difficult to adjust to because it is opposed to their own sense of punctuality. Generally, the Saudis are not confrontational and tend to indirectly say “no” by delaying matters or avoiding accessibility (Hendon et al, 1996). Their society places a premium on putting appearances and having a favorable social image. Hence they dislike arrogant and harried behavior on the part of thei
No risk truck company risk identification The No Risk Truck Company is a company based on manufacturing of heavy and medium duty contractor and construction trucks. Therefore, just like any other business unit, it is entitled to its equal share of risk in its daily routines as long as it is in operation. A risk can be defined as any activity or event that posses a degree of harm either by causing loss or another kind of misfortune to the business or its employees. Basically, there are two types of risk any investor is worried of. First and fore most, is the non entrepreneurial risk in the form of fire, pollution or embezzlement of funds, to name but a few. The second risk type would know be the entrepreneurial risk which involves the whole process of bringing a business idea into operation. That is, introducing a complete new concept to the market. If the company doesn’t set its priorities right then it gets its forecast all wrong and registers loss (Sadgrove, 2005). The company is a victim to quite a number of risks which include; financial risk which refers to the risk associated with borrowing money to raise capital. At some future date a
Introduction Over the recent past, marketing has evolved from the traditionally perceived business support function to a significant functional area of an organization. This is a result of several factors such as increased competition, consumer needs volatility, and the ever changing consumer environment. This has in effect compelled companies to adopt product mix and other marketing tools that promote products among the consumers. This paper discusses marketing mix and price as tools for enhancing product adoption among the consumers. Marketing mix Marketing mix is a marketing tool that is used to determine the brand offering. There are four main components of marketing mix. These are Product, Place, Price, and Place (Cant 69). One important component of the marketing mix is product. It is the main item that defines the relationship between the customer and the producer. There are two common attributes that define a product. These are product mix and product line. The producer must always be aware of these attributes in order to ensure that the product enjoys consumption of the users and also promotes the brand presence in the market. Product mix Product mix is the aspect of offering more than one product. It is also referred to as product portfolio. Several companies have embraced product mix and this has helped them increase sales while gaining on economies of scale. A company is able to have several products and with the aid of its flagship product, the other products generate consumption from the consumers of the other products from the same company. An example of a company that has product mix is Procter & Gamble (P&G). It produces Duracell batteries, Baby diapers, Bathing soaps, and Washing detergent. Product line This refers to a group of related products which are manufactured by one company. A company that has a product line usually manufactures different related products so as to promote its sales. Consumers are more likely to consume related products from a company that produces brands which are more familiar to them (Lamb, Joseph and Carl 109
Explain how you see yourself fitting into the following IOM Future of nursing recommendations Recommendation 4: Increase the proportion of nurses with a baccalaureate degree to 80% by 2020 Having completed my associate degree in India, I have provided my services to the United States as a nurse for ten years. The changes in policies and regulations of the health sector have driven me to enroll at Grand Canyon University. This will enable me to pursue the registered nurse (RN) program and eventually the Bachelor of Science in Nursing. The introduction of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations offers me and hundreds of other health professionals in the region better employment opportunities. The provision of infrastructure and proper policies by the government in the sector has resulted in the realization of internationally accepted standards. The significance of the health care system in the United States has qualified in the industry as a model for other countries (Cronenwett et al., 2011). There are concerns as to whether the above development provides qualified health practitioners with better opportunities. Recommendation 5: Double the number of nurses with a doctorate by 2020 In its fourth and fifth recommendations, the implementation provides for the increase in the number of nurses with a baccalaureate degree to 80% by 2020. A few factors will be significant to the successful implementation of this recommendation, one of them being changes in demographic trends. Today, the demographic trends in the United States indicate that the number of older patients making visits to the emergency department will increase from 15% to approximately 25% in the next 30 years. This demographic change in the population involves citizens who are over the age of sixty-five years. The group accounts for the majority of patients admitted frequently to the intensive care unit and the hospital. This group of patients needs more tests that are time-consuming with every patient (Cronenwett et al., 2011). Recommendation 6: Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning The increasing number of older patients will present new challenges to the health care industry. To address the special needs of the older patients, health care employees will look in to employ nurses prepared by a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). The need for a BSN qualification results from the need to introduce patient acuity, which requires an advanced level of nursing education. This is because patient acuity is a concept that guarantees the safety of the patients. The increase in the number of older patients demands advanced expertise to meet the unique needs of the older patients (Cronenwett et al., 2011). Identify your options in the job market based on your educational level How will increasing your level of education affect how you compete in the current job market? In the quest to address the emerging issues in the ever-changing health care sector, health care professionals have found out that people over the age of 65 years are now living longer. The trend shows th