ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract To attain competitiveness amidst of modern changing business environments, an organization’s leadership team needs to implement operational, project and strategic management strategies that are responsive to the needs of the particular market the company is trading. With effective strategies, a company is able to resolve problems and conflicts that are likely to create a weak link in the companies operations. Modern contemporary business environments are also posing some dangers to organizations as leaders are finding their old policies and business approached being challenged by the environment prevailing (Wheelen and Hunger,1998). This paper discusses the strategic issues facing the retail industry in the domestic and international market; it will focus on Tesco Merchandise Company. After discussing the issues, the paper will discuss some strategic measures that the company can take to improve its business as well as improve its competitiveness. Background of the company Tesco is an international merchandise company with its main market in the United Kingdom; the company operated a chain of grocery that can amount to over one thousand supermarkets, convenience stores, and hypermarkets in Ireland, the United Kingdom, Asia and Central Europe. Although the company was initially involved in the food sector, it has diversified its operations to clothing, consumer electronics, financial services, and internet services. The company’s management vision is to develop lifetime customer loyalty and ensure that it adds value on consumers. The company’s vision and mission statement establishes close links and connectio
Introduction William Dean Howell put forward the idea of realism in the 18 th century. He argued that most businesses at the time were collapsing because the traders lacked morals (Dooley 75). Most of the traders were vulgar or had seen themselves as being in a different class above those who bought from them. He emphasized that the value of mankind was in the manner in which people treated one another with moral justice. The championing of this idea was mainly done in literary presentations. Instead of focusing on the illusions of romance and eroticism, authors had to write books in which heroism in their characters resulted from moral solvency unhyped by material wealth. Here, characters had to act with real motivations in the real world rather than illusions of their personal feelings. In this essay, we shall discuss some of the main characters in several books and see if they adhered to Howell’s idea of realism. Realism in the in Cadian Ball Kate Chopin, a native of Louisiana, wrote stories that depicted her home base. Most of her fiction showed color fiction and expressed the power of women. Gibert (69) asserts that although realism had been thought to be associated with morals, Chopin drew from her own home and wrote stories of eroticism explicitly. The story “at the ‘Cadian Ball’ was one of such local fictions based on the Louisiana dialect. Most critics argue that the story showed more of color than realism and hence Chopin might have used racism to nurture her writing (Gibert 77). When Alcee unexpectedly falls in love with Clarisse at the end of this tale, it indicates that the real women strive to escape traditions to earn their rights. This is seen in today’s’ society. Clarisse had told Alcee on his face that she loved him. Alcee was astonished and thought the world had changed. In many societies, it is tabooed for a woman to seduce a man for love. Cultural values limit women’s expres
Introduction The smart balance wheel is an electric scooter that can be used by a person to move from place to place. This scooter is made up of two wheels and its defining feature is a self-balancing control system that enables the rider to remain stationary and in balance even when not in motion. To operate the product, the user simply stands on it with his/her legs slightly apart. The rider leans slightly forward to start moving forward. To reverse, all the user has to do is lean slightly back. Pros An important advantage of the smart balance wheel is that it has a smart feature, which means that a person automatically maintains balance while on it. It does not require hands to operate, which leaves the rider’s hands-free to engage in other activities. The scooter is small in size, which makes it easy to navigate in crowded spaces. In addition to this, it only weighs 10kgs making it easy for a user to carry. The smart balance wheel is significantly fast with a maximum speed of 12km/h. Finally, the product charges within 1 to 2 hours, and a single charge can run for between 15km and 20km. Cons The most significant disadvantage of the scooter is that it is very low and as a result, it cannot move well on uneven surfaces. In addition to this, it can only move at an incline of 15degrees, which means that the scooter will not move up any significant inclines. Another limitation is that it works best on flat surfaces but most roads and driveways are tilted making it hard to maneuver the scooter. Finally, the smart balance wheel has a weight limit of 100kg making it out of reach for some people. Summary The Smart Balance Wheel promises to change
The clinical issue represented was increase in incidence of falling by patients within the hospital premises. I used the PICOT format to get research questions and thus identified patient problems, intervention processes, alternative intervention options, potential consequences, and the period for implementing interventions (Melnyk, 2011). I identified a number of research databases to aid the research. The National Guideline Clearing House provided guidelines that relate to health care administration, and so offered direction to the physical maintenance of facilities to minimize patient-related incidents. By doing so, the database identified the population and patient problem of patient falls. The Centers for Disease Control offer patient and practitioner intervention techniques employed to prevent injuries. The Medscape database stores peer-reviewed medical journals, information on drugs, current medical news, and offers links to other medical databases. By doing so, Medscape offers a plan for research comparison to the population problem identified. It captures the latest published medical research journals and information close to patient related falls and relevant guidelines to minimize incidents in hospital scenes. The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing e-Learning Center database provides a collection of patient identified outcomes related to improvement of health care provision. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators offers a collection of nursing-sensitive indicators, including the time frame for nursing care, safe work topics and patient handling resources that help patients fall incidents. Equipped with sufficient and true findings for the clinical issue, I would first share the effects of my research with my fellows. Findings would be based on methods and data gathered from studying variables and qualitative studies from the mentioned peer-reviewed databases (Houser, 2014). To summarize and organize findings, I would use descriptive statistics in my results and finding sections. Lastly, I would record unexpected results in a separate section for discussion.
Abstract Corporate social responsibility is one of the latest developments in the business world. It is a phenomenon which is yet to be adopted in several parts of the world. It is a mechanism whereby companies and businesses take responsibility of the effects of their activities on the welfare of the occupants of the environment. Basically, corporate social responsibility is meant to enhance the conditions of the environment. Under this program, companies take responsibility of costs that may not benefit them directly. Summary of the company The National Bank of Abu Dhabi (NBAD) is a financial institution that offers its services in the United Arab Emirates. It is one of the leading financial institutions in the United Arab Emirates. NBAD’s shares are traded in the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange. The bank’s market capitalization is the largest in the United Arab Emirates. The growth of the bank has been steady. It has set up several regional branches in Arabia and Asia. Currently, it has branches in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Kuala Lumpur. SMART goals for the project Goal setting is a very crucial process. When setting goals, it is important to ensure that they are not subjective. Studying the corporate social responsibility of any organization is very significant. It enables us to evaluate and rate how a firm responds to various issues that affect us directly and indirectly. Our decision to investigate the corporate social responsibility of the National Bank of Abu Dhabi was driven by our goals. NBAD is an established bank. It was worthy to find out if the bank is mindful about the environment that it operates in. The goals of our study were:  1. There are more than one NBAD branches in United Arab Emirates. We will carry out our study at the bank’s head quarters. We hope to spend two weeks.  2. We will use questionnaires and interviews to gather the information. We will interview ten members of staff within a period of one week.  3. Our environmental conditions are changing and we will disclose these facts in three weeks. The National Bank of Abu Dhabi has played significant roles in promoting corporate social responsibility. This is evident in what the bank has achieved since it was founded
Background The present era introduced several aspects that showed a rapid growth at the same time. Two aspects that can be specifically mentioned in the context of business are globalization, namely, the expansion and the integration of economic activities into world market, and the rapid technological changes. The relationship between those two aspects might require further investigation. On the one hand, information technology is altering the way people live and work in general (Adekola and Sergi, 2007). On the other hand, the impact of integrating a specific technology in a specific sector might not be so apparent. In an article by Nicholas Carr (2003), title “IT Doesn’t Matter”, the author argues that information technology (IT) no longer provides a strategic advantage over competitors. As stated in the article, technologies became commodity inputs, which did not matter anymore. On the contrary, when a resource becomes essential to competition but inconsequential to strategy, the risks it creates become more important than the advantages it provides” (Carr, 2003). One technology that is considered important, for business in general and international business in particular, is corporate information portals. Corporate portals can be categorized into several types, where in general they can be defined as “gateways to streamline information access in firms” (Elangovan, 2009). It is argued that companies obtain competitive advantage through creating, storing and applying knowledge, which can be seen as functions that can be attributed to corporate portals. Thus, it can be stated that assessing the role technology plays in international business management is an important issue. Purpose The purpose of the research is to investigate the role of technology represented by corporate portal on the performance of companies operating globally. The significance of the study can be seen through the fact that corporate portals and their implementation are costly solution (Al-Mudimigh, 2010), and thus, the study will investigate whether such technology is justified. Thus, identifying the role such technology plays, whether a source of competitive advantage or a commodity, will allow organizations plan their global expansion. Research Questions The questions that the study will answer to reach the identified purpose are as follows:   * How the technology lying in corporate portal provides competitive strategic advantage for international business?   * How the technology attributed to the costs of leading business.   * How the technology serves the business goals of organizations in general? How the technology serves the international business goals of organizations? Answering such question will allow assessing such information technology within the context of leading global business. Literature Support The basis of the analysis can be seen through analyzing literature on corporate portals in terms of benefits, drawback, and the way they serve the business goals of the company in general, particularly in a business context. One of the argument that will be used to formulate
Writing proficiency is a critical requirement in a child’s education because it determines academic success and communication in life. Writing proficiency is one of the problems that the education system has been facing because many high school graduates are unable to meet writing proficiency needed by colleges and potential employers. Writing proficiency consists of both writing and reading skills, which is essential in enhancing literacy levels of students. Given the significant difference in handwriting proficiency among students, it has become evident that several factors are responsible for effective development of appropriate handwriting. Rosenblum, Parush, and Weiss (2002) concluded that, process of developing handwriting is very complex as it entails periodic motions of the hand. It is a complex interaction of cognitive, perceptual, and sensory-motor elements as children grow and develop. Due to the complexity of interactions involved, a significant number of children have been unable to develop appropriate handwriting proficiency, hence, affecting their literacy and academic performance. In evaluation of poor handwriting proficiency among students, most educational researchers have examined physical factors that affect appropriate development. Portela (2007) observed that, poor handwriting is a form of disability that affects effective coordination in children. If the perception that poor handwriting is a developmental disability, it may mean that some children have trouble in writing while others do not. However, the observation does not explain why a discrepancy in handwriting development exists among students who do not have learning disability. Due to the inconsistency of handwriting proficiency among students, this could mean that other factors influence handwriting ability of students. Current literature has delved into physical attributes of writing that involve factors such as sitting posture and pencil grip, which determine the development of a child’s handwriting proficiency. Selin (2003) discovered that, pencil grip significantly determines eligibility of handwriting and speed of writing. Thus, children require skills essential in enhancing them to hold a pencil using various styles that promote quality handwriting skills. In addition to pencil grip, sitting posture affects development of handwriting because it influences coordination of sensory-motor and cognitive functions. Lam, Au, Leung, and Li-Tsang (2011) added that, due to difference in visual and motor skills, accuracy and speed are two factors that differentiate handwriting proficiency of dyslexia and normal children. Thus, educational researchers, who focus on physical attributes of students, assume that handwriting proficiency largely depend on coordination of motor and cognitive functions. Although physical attributes significantly determine proficiency of handwriting among children, they do not account for the disparity of handwriting proficiency among students. Therefore, apart from physical attributes, the social influences the development of handwriting proficiency among chil
David’s case David is 8 years old and he is in his middle childhood. In this period of children’s development their “physical, cognitive, and social skills ascend to new heights” (Feldman 286). This is why observing David’s cognitive, social, and personality development was quite interesting. During the interview David was not embarrassed and responded to the questions willingly. With respect to Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, David is at the third, concrete operational phase of development, because, on hearing that his responses are necessary for the research, he asked “Are you going to write about me in the newspaper?” This means that the boy uses logic properly and thinks far behind the present moment. David was asked several questions about school and his behavior there; this was necessary to assess the level of his social development. David turned out to sometimes behave improperly at school, while at home he is quite obedient. When asked about this David replied “At home Mom can punish me, this is why I should behave properly”. This testifies to the fact that David is at the first stage of Kohlberg’s Sequence of Moral Reasoning, a stage when children “stick to rules in order to avoid punishment” (Feldman 339). Answering the question about friends he has at school, David mentioned that he is quite popular and many friends visit him at home; they watch TV and play videogames together. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, this shows that David is developing his ego which helps him to integrate into the society and maintain his individuality. Since the stages of David’s cognitive, social and personality development take place at the right age, David’s development can be considered normal. Lillian’s case Another case under consideration is Lillian who is 78 years old. The woman is in her late adulthood and her cognitive, social and personality development is also interesting to observe. Lillian was quite willing to talk; she answered the interview questions logically and exhaustively, though slowly for it took time for her to start each answer and she was making long pauses in her sentences. This shows that, in terms of her cognitive development, Lillian is experiencing peripheral slowing which emerges because of the declining processing speed. This is typical for the people in the late adulthood due to the decline of processing speed in their peripheral nervous system (Feldman 578). Lillian seemed sad when answering questions about her life. The words “death”, “die”, “alone” prevailed in her speech and, when asked about her family, Lillian replied “My children and grandchildren visit me very rarely, so I am alone for the most of time. My husband died three years ago and I feel that there is not much left for me either”. This means that Lillian is currently at Erikson’s stage of ego integrity vs. despair stage of personality development, which is common among people of her age. Finally, with regards to her social development, Lillian is experiencing gradual retreat from the society, which, as stat
Introduction Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells within the gastrointestinal tract. It is considered the primary cause of functional intestinal obstruction and has an incidence rate of 1/5000 birth. Research studies indicate that the genetic aetiology of this condition arises from several gene mutations (Pan & Li, 2012). Changes in the REF proto-oncogene are closely associated with the development of HSCR in human beings. The development of therapeutic management approaches depends on an in-depth understanding of the molecular basis of the condition (Burzynski, Shepherd & Enomoto, 2009). Techniques used in studying the molecular basis of Hirschsprung disease A number of techniques have been developed for studying the molecular basis of the HSCR disease in human beings. Most of these approaches identify the presence of nonsense and missense mutation and other variations on the human genome. MLPA technique The Multiple ligation-dependent Probe Amplification-Hirschsprung kit was developed to detect the presence of gene alterations that predisposes people to the HSCR disease. The MLPA kit has over 41 different probes that are used in the identification of gene alteration. To amplify the regions within the genome that have been altered, the kit hybridizes five control fragments. This increases the population of the gene fragments that are analyzed within the DNA analyzer. Though the presence of nonsense/missense mutations has been described, copy number variations (CNV) studies have not been conclusively conducted (Pasternak, 2005). The lack of reliable mutation analysis techniques has affected the description of the copy number variations in Hirschsprung disease. The multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification technique evaluates the presence of four genes that are related to the development of Hirschsprung disease in newborns. The four genes analyzed using this technique include the EDNB, GFRAI, NRTN and the PHOX2B genes. These genes have an implication on the ENS development in embryos which increase their risk factor to HSCR (Fernández, Bleda & Luzón-Toro, 2013). SNP genotyping SNP genotyping is a technique that is used to identify the presence of genetic variation within the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Single nucleotide polymorphism is considered one of the most common genetic variations that arise from mis
Halloween is a festival that is popular in several countries such as the United States. The festival is very common in various continents such as Europe and North America. In essence, Halloween is a festival that encompasses many activities and engages individuals from all demographics in the society. Some of the major activities that people undertake during the festival include watching horror movies, giving presents, designing creative decorations on items like pumpkins, and wearing fancy costumes. It is within this context that the essay examines my first Halloween festival that I celebrated in the United States. The major people, who participated in the celebration, included my family and friends. Notably, my first Halloween took place on 31 October last year. Since the event was my first experience, I had a lot to learn and engage in during the festival. In addition, I made several inquiries concerning the celebration in order to compound my understanding on the event. My family, which comprised my father, mother, and elder brother, explained to me the importance of the event and the reason why several individuals celebrate it annually. During the event, I learnt a number of factors that were very practical in increasing the level of pleasure and joy that one can derive from the festival. My friends also took me to various households and recreational centers where we had a lot of fun and maximized the celebration. It is fundamental to highlight that prior to the celebration, my parents bought costumes and special handicrafts designed for the day, and thus, I was ready for the event. From the research I conducted during the event, I realized that Halloween is one of the popular celebrations that people perform annually. Moreover, my family and friends explained to me that the event was very important in bringing people together and encouraging unity amongst neighbors. According to my father, the fact that the celebrations involved children, who moved aroun