ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction For a long time, British Columbia has been a leading tourist destination for both international and local tourists. Its main attractions are attributed to its wide variety of urban and cultural diversity in a number of areas such as performing arts, visual arts, sports, shopping and a variety of other fascinating activities in outdoor set ups (Church, 2007, p. 125). British Columbia’s economy therefore thrives on tourism as its main economic driver and the government, with the help of the community has gone to extreme levels to ensure the location is safe, clean and attractive for all tourists willing to visit the area (Shangaan, 2010, p. 1). From 2007, tourists have been streaming into British Columbia and since 1999; room occupancy rates in the province are at an all time high (Shangaan, 2010, p. 1). Most of the zones in the province like the North coast, Nechako, Kootenay, Thomson, Vancouver, Caribou and the Mainland now record high tourist levels with indicators of growth linked to increased revenues in hotels, fishing lodges, motels and hotels (Shangaan, 2010, p. 2). Other indicators of increased tourism levels are noted through an increase in airport travel but increased growth in tourist numbers is projected at an approximate 6.6% per year (Dowling, 2006, p. 157). Part of this growth is attributed to the magnificent and breathtaking natural features of British Columbia, such as its beautiful parks, ecological environments, state of the art recreational facilities, campsites, boat launch areas, among others. In fact, a significant portion of the province’s parks provide a good wild/jungle setting which creates a perfect ground for hiking. Mountaineers and hikers are therefore very common in such like designations. British Columbia’s magnificent beaches and marine parks have also been identified as some of the major attractions for marine tourists while its abundant marine wildlife attracts many nature lovers. In general, British Columbia stands out as a fantastic tourist destination and this study explains this fact through the analysis of Vancouver Islands and Southern Coast, which are popular tourist destinations in the province. Vancouver Islands Vancouver has a diverse mix of rich cultural heritage that’s
Marriage is a big step in life and people wait for the moment with much anticipation. The essay “Vows” by Julie Showalter creates another perspective on the event, which is somewhat different from the regularly expected one (Showalter 258). The emotions are made real and the reader connects with the feelings of people involved. The purpose of the writing is to show that not everyone’s the same and there are people who view marriage in a different way. It is meant to represent the struggles that people have with themselves and those who are close. The author makes it obvious that doubts are often the darkest demons and people should make an effort in dealing with them. The message that the author transfers to the reader is original and unexpected. It illustrates how some people view life and that the uniqueness of the moment can be spoiled by previous experiences and expectations. The audience that the essay is directed towards can be both married couples and single individuals. To those who are single, it represents a deeper insight into marriage and the changes that take place. At first, it is not really obvious how the way people feel and behave changes but closer to the end, the switch becomes obvious. Most of the time, marriage is planned for a long time and to those who lose their head, this is a return to reality. It is dreamt of from early childhood and it is expected to be one of the happiest events in life, whereas here, it is not the case. In this short story, it is made obvious that second and even third marriage can be seen as not being as special as some people would imagine. It serves as a warning to those who plan to get married. For couples, this story is an illustration that the moments of love and happiness must be cherished. The language of the piece is much different from the usual stories. It is set in a humorous and indifferent tone. The atmosphere created by it, leaves the reader unaware of what will come next. Even though it is filled with seemingly neutral and regular phrases related to the wedding, it is made clear that emotion and heaviness of the situation makes the couple feel uneasy. The previous marriages are brought to reader’s attention several times and so, the couples are given a look at the way feelings change after a divorce. The introduction familiarizes the reader with the way the couple views marriage. It is not made special, quite the opposite, it seems that their marriage is forced. It readies the reader with the general tone of the short story, setting the atmosphere for what is to come next. The ending is very surprising and depressing. The contrast between the bulk of the piece and the ending creates a perspective that reminds people how some things in life are less important than other. Often, there are moments which are considered very stressful but then something else takes place and the predisposition towards the situation changes completely. The sh
Summary According to the article written by Ms. Carmen Reinhart, it has been confirmed at the G-20 meeting that the risks coming from the advanced and developing countries constitute the greatest menace to the stabilization of the global economy. It was stated that structural reforms, as well as fiscal incentives, should be introduced to scale the current debt down. Regarding the largest economies, a comprehensive restructuring cannot be applied, as the problem evolves from the existing large public and private debts. In the first decade of the 21st century, when the crisis burst, it was considered that the repayment of the accumulated debt would take time, but the recovery of the crisis substitutions has been procrastinated due to low bank balance sheets. In particular, many banks could not make balance cleanups due to a large amount of non-performing loans. Ms. Reinhart and Mr. Rogoff noted in their previous study that the recovery period of advanced economies took an average of more than seven years (9). Additionally, they mentioned, “the decline in per capita income from its peak at the onset of the crisis to its trough at the recession’s bottom averaged about 9.6%” (Reinhart 5). It is worthy of noting that the performance of emerging markets was much worse. Currently, Germany and the United States are among countries with advanced economies that could most quickly recover from the crisis. Ireland and the UK ar
Literature review The main idea that is being promoted throughout the article by Gripsrud is that the very paradigm of TV-broadcasting, in the traditional sense of this word, is somewhat inconsistent with the discursive implications of the process of digital television replacing the analog one. As the author noted, “The present technological shift from analog to digital forms of production, storage, and distribution of signals raises important questions concerning the very fundamentals of broadcasting as a social institution” (2004, p. 210). According to Gripsrud, this is because, whereas, the concept of an analog broadcasting presupposes the centralized essence of the informational content, distributed among viewers, the rise of digital TV cannot be discussed outside of how it enables people to ‘decentralize’ information, to which they are being exposed, while watching a particular TV channel. In its turn, this presupposes the government’s undermined capacity to exercise control over the society’s functioning and creates objective preconditions for the process of citizens growing increasingly ‘atomized’ (in the perceptional and cognitive senses of this word), to attain an additional momentum. The author considers the earlier mentioned phenomena socially counterproductive because it is being capable of undermining the integrity of the informational links that bond the society’s members together – hence, resulting in lessening the extent of the society’s overall stability. In his article, Gripsrud also points out to the fact that it is utterly inappropriate to assume that the newly emerged conveniences to TV audiences, brought about by the introduction of the digital TV standard, will necessarily prove beneficial for viewers. As the author noted, “Digital TV may offer greater possibilities… but it is not at all certain that these will be particularly successful” (2004, p. 217). This is because the physiologically predetermined specifics of how people perceive the surrounding reality and their place in it effectively prevent them from being able to take full advantage of new viewing-opportunities, made possible by the introduction of the digital TV standard. For example, the author mentions the fact that the convenience of being able to watch TV programs on-demand, offered by digital television, continues to be regarded by many viewers as something that they can well live without. This is because, it is precisely the fact that, while remaining affiliated with a particular TV channel (which offers programs on a time-fixed basis) that the significant share of viewers is able to plan their daily schedules. Gripsrud concludes his article by suggesting that, even tho
Introduction Today’s generation is in the middle of a technological revolution. With the development in telecommunication and computers, most organizations and individuals are turning to using these infrastructures in communication and conducting day-to-day activities. By 1996, more than thirteen million people owning computers were already accessing the Internet. Today, this number has exceeded two hundred million, and it is expected to increase as time goes (Agnew, 2005, pp.363-375). The move to embrace the novel technology has led to the emergence of a new form of crime and behavior referred to as “hacking”. Hacking is an illegal activity that is directed to the dependence on networks such internet and computers. Hackers are the people that carry out this criminal activity. For many years, the term hacker has had numerous connotations. Initially, the term stood for radical and exceptional programmers in the field of computer science. Today, the term is used to refer to individuals engaged in the criminal activity of hacking (Agnew, 2005, pp.378-381). Hacking stands for both fruitful and fruitless attempts to acquire unauthorized access or unauthorized use of a computer system. This crime is becoming more prevalent in many countries as it is hard to identify hackers. No empirical research has been conducted to identify the factors that lead to this criminal activity (Agnew, 2005, pp.383-388). To understand hacking as a crime, it is imperative to look at various psychological theories that tackle criminal behavior and use them in developing an understanding of hacking as criminal behavior. To understand hacking, this paper will use psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory. Psychoanalytic theory Freud developed psychoanalytic theory, and it “takes a relatively indirect approach in understanding and explaining criminal behaviours” (Akers, 2009, p.81). It focuses on the pathological process through which criminal activities are noticeable. According to Freud, an internal moral agency (which he refers to as superego) controls one conduct. Development of this agency depends mainly on gratifying parent-child interactions. Insufficient superego development and functions contributes to criminal behaviour. Hence, behaviour relies on the steadiness of the intuitive energy system. Interference in this system or any constituent structure leads to maladaptive development. In trying to understand criminal behaviour using psychoanalytic theory, Aichhorn posited that there is a fundamental disposition known as “latent delinquency”, which leads to a child turning out to be a criminal at a later age (Chandler, 2001, pp.229-236). Aichhorn believed that every child is naturally asocial in its initial encounters with the world. Failure in psychological growth led to the asocial propensity intensifying thus overriding behaviour and leading to one engaging in criminal activities. Other psychoanalytic theorists have claimed that, individuals engage in criminal beha
Introduction Occupational therapists tend to teach clients skills and work with them in order to achieve their goals. The education of the clients provides a lot of opportunities for collaboration between the client and the practitioner. The process of education gives a chance for clients to participate in the treatment process being completely involved in it. In order to educate clients, occupational therapists use a number of methods and techniques media, and other sources for getting information. The article under analysis is devoted to the description of the main aspects of clients’ and practitioners’ participation; it covers the analysis of comprehension and reading skills developed in the process of education. Summary of the Article The authors of the article managed to analyze the reading levels of the written material of education. The article discloses a lot of statistical information and surveys carried out at different stages of education in order to show the achievements of the clients. It depicts figures explaining the results of the surveys conducted not only by occupational therapists but also by Health Departments and Associations. The author managed to provide different graphics and tables showing the achievements of the clients and their level of comprehension and reading skills. The article focuses on the factors influencing the reading and comprehension abilities of the clients. It should be stressed that these factors were regarded
Introduction Purpose Neural plasticity as concept describes the process through which the brain adapts itself and rewires to the environment. Such a process is manifested in both the physical and chemical nature. Against traditional psychologists who previously opined that the brain is developed fully in the infancy period, the contemporary psychologists have demonstrated that the brain is an organ that has actively altered the older neurons for new ones with the changing environment for adaptation while learning new information and creating new memories (Simons and Chabris, 1999). The environment in which the brain is related is its nature, and is largely defined by what the brain gets exposed to. Thus, this research proposal attempts to explicitly establish the significance of neural plasticity on visual perception. The independent variable is perception while the dependent variables are neural plasticity and personality. The study will adopt direct participation and secondary approaches. Motivation The level at which the brain gets adaptable to the environment is dependent on the critical periods on which it is susceptible as it develops its basic network. In its neural plasticity, the brain develops ability to adapt to changes in environment as stimulated by nerves which connect it to the external environment to images. As a process, neural plasticity entails three major brain mechanisms; anatomical, metabolic and neuron chemical process. This process is useful in strengthening the existing connections to visual images. It is thus necessary to explore the relationship between neural plasticity and perception of visual images. Previous research In attempting to orientate the arguments in this paper to practicality of neural plasticity, the paper highlights experiments in which neural plasticity has been evidenced. The first of such examples was performed on rats. The experiment demonstrated that postnatal or prenatal stress on specimen produced a range of variations in the levels of neurotransmissions in the brain. Such levels were observed on the catecholamine, serotonin and the opiate. When a similar experiment was performed on pregnant rhesus monkeys, the ones that were pre-exposed stress delivered offspring with permanent neurological changes. Subsequent reports revealed permanence in the control and memory states that appeared impaired. Similarly, same survey conducted with pregnant women, suggested noticeable effects on the circumference of their babies’ heads. Methodology This research will use secondary data since a lot of research has been carried out on the dependent and independent variables. The observers will be requested to randomly pick images from the research mater
According to Trundle (2008), managerial controls in the hotel industry are critical especially in firms that have delegated duties to its members of staff (p. 23). Rudy and Diane are proud owners of a fifteen-roomed lodge located outside the Yellowstone National Park. The lodge has the capacity of accommodating forty guests together with their families. During weekdays, the lodge serves continental breakfast, and on weekends, guests have the pleasure of enjoying full breakfast. The busy season runs between May and September, although the lodge remains open until Thanksgiving (Trundle, 2008, p.25). The staff members include housekeepers, front-desk personnel and groundskeepers who pride in providing effective services to clients. The firm is considering expanding, and an opportunity for buying a nearby property, which presents space to construct twenty extra rooms, is in the offing. Additional staff will be required to serve the extra rooms, and this implies that the current members of staff require additional time to train new recruits (Vinten, 2004, p.5). Rudy and Diane can employ the concept of fast forward by bringing in a new accountant, who will be responsible of cross-checking the lodge’s finances before they actually make a move to invest in the new venture. At the same time, the financial officer will be required to determine the amount of funds required, its source, and how it is going the affect the lodge’s cash flow. The owners should conduct a feasibility study to establish if the project is feasible, and how it will be connected to the business that is already running. The fast forward approach, just as the preventive control, will allow Diane and Rudy to implement successfully the expansion program without major setbacks once they get started. The planning process should take precedence over other activities, and it should incorporate measures to ensure smooth transition and that current operations are not affected (Lafontaine & Shaw, 2001, p.9). Equipping the restaurant with qualified staff is a factor that should be highly prioritized and budgetary allocation should take training into consideration (Tucker, p.47). Such a venture requires that they employ additional personnel to oversee the new business. Trainers will require additional funds and time, which should be catered for in the budget. Funds for buying the property should be allocated, as well as those for building and outfitting the twenty rooms. This will include kitchen, restaurant, bar and dining rooms that form part of the overall budget. Having an understanding of customers’ needs will ensure that money is put into good use (Williams, 2008, p.34). According to Bauer and Yamey, marketing controls should be aimed at growing the sales of both the new and existing business (Bauer & Yamey, 2009, p.11). While Conrad may wish to continue attracting new customers to the lodge that is already operating, it may employ multiple approaches to also attract customers to the new venture. They will introduce the new venture as a Conrad’s extension for purposes of retaining and attracting more customers. The new vent
Introduction High school is an area of education that is vital in students’ education whether they are to prepare for the next level of education or for a job. This area of education offers educational instructions to students of age ranging from 14 to 18 years. According to Degree Directory (2012), high school in America provides grades 9 to 12 with grade levels such as: freshman, sophomore, junior and senior levels as students progress in education. High schools offer different courses to student; some of the most common courses of study in high school are: mathematics, English, history, science, and foreign languages. There are other additional courses offered in high school and they include: homemaking, industrial arts, music and physical education (Degree directory, 2012). High school is a mandatory stage of education in United States and all students are required to go through this level of education. In this paper, focus will be cast on historical development of high school education, the current practices in high school curriculum, the challenges that are related to high school education and the future trends that are associated with this area of education. Historical Development of High School Education According to Valerie (2009), at the beginning of the 19 th century, public high schools were teaching student rigid curricular that was based on students’ past academic performance, future careers and educational plans; at this period, high school education was at its early developmental stage. This changed though not greatly and in the course of the century students were provided with course choices which were varied in both academic rigor and content. Comprehensive curricula remained despite the standard movement in the 1980s. Student from low-income earners and minority were opting for college-prep course as they were finding it hard to follow the normal curricula. In the 1990s, students who were completing advanced coursework learned more despite their social and academic backgrounds. In 1997, public high schools in Chicago begun to offer exclusive college-prep curriculum to students. According to Valerie (2009), this early studies did not consider the un-measurable characteristics of those students who were undergoing through college-prep courses. They never considered factors such as better teachers, student motivation and accessibility to academic supports. Valerie (2009) highlights that as high school education was developing it changed from developing children to preparing students for future jobs as citizens. This brought controversies concerning what was appropriate for high school students: preparations towards their development or towards future jobs. Valerie (2009) argues that chi