ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Labor unions have been viewed as important institutions that focus on protecting the interests of wage earners, specifically by improving their working conditions. In the 1950s, the United States’ industrial sector witnessed a considerable rise of unions that represented at least 30% of workers (Wunnava, 2016). Nonetheless, since the 1970s up to date, unions have declined significantly, thereby raising questions regarding their importance in contemporary industrial settings. Currently, in the U.S., unions take only a meager 10% of this country’s workforce. Such a decline may indicate that the role of unions in the modern workplace environment is weakening. Furthermore, workers employed in foreign countries experience challenges while trying to establish meaningful relationships with unions and employers. In this respect, it is crucial to critically examine the weakening scope and importance of unions in the present-day workplace. The Role of Unions in the Workplace Today Contemporary trade unions play a huge role in increasing the wages of unionized employees and improving their standards of working. According to Wunnava (2016), trade unions seek to enhance the welfare of employees by encouraging employers to offer fair compensation. In executing this role, unions usually influence organizations in different industries to set a standard pay for employees based on their academic credentials. As such, in most scenarios, as Wunnave (2016) reveals, unionized workers without degrees receive 5% more pay compared to their counterparts working in less federated industries. However, Jerch, Kahn, and Li (2017) have a different opinion whereby they regard this rise in the number of graduates with college degrees as contributing to a counterproductive role played by unions in contemporary industrial settings. Furthermore, labor unions lessen the income inequality gap that exists in the modern-day business environment. According to Wunnava (2016), unions undertake this function by advocating for a reasonable increase in the earnings of low and middle-wage workers. In executing this role, alliances disregard the essence of raising white-collar workers’ wages. Nevertheless, this role has become counterproductive in the modern workplace environment since the continued reduction of the American income inequality over the past two decades compromises the need for investing hugely in some educational courses (Wunnava, 2016). This situation is accountable for the decline of unions in the U.S today. Unions also play the role of influencing employers to cater to the healthcare needs of workers. As Culpepper and Regan (2014) indicate, unionized employees, pay 18% less for their healthcare bills compared to nonunionized personnel. As such, by helping workers to effectively improve their healthcare status, alliances demonstrate their vital role in the modern workplace environment. The goal of ensuring that workers’ medical demands are addressed efficiently in the U.S. could not be realized fully without the input of labor unions. As a result, despite the declining significance of workers’ alliances, it is crucial to appreciate this milestone made, th
Learning is the process of exercising memory and using past experiences to solve problems or to come up with new ideas. The best way to learn is by doing practically what you are learning. Best teaching techniques should entail sound, sight, and touch. Learning is the ability to associate the resultant output to the various inputs in problem-solving. Reading or listening to something repeatedly helps it sink into your mind. The many times that information is repeatedly read or listened to, the better it is understood thus parents can help their children improve their skills by encouraging them to do something they like repeatedly. Learning depends much on two aspects; exposure and retention. Exposure is the encounter with the new idea or information and retention is the ability to transfer the information acquired into long-term memory. “In the 21st century identifying the illiterate individuals will not be based on the ability to read or write but instead will be determined by the inability to learn, unlearn, and re-learn. Retention of information is very important in enhancing the ability to learn new things, unlearn them, and relearn thus enabling memorization for future usage (Taylor, 2000). With the retention, our schema becomes richer and complex and thus helps us learn faster and understand in the sense that the new information we get is easily linked to the ones we already have. Champions in various fields master their skills by repeatedly going through the basic motions until they reach excellence. Learning is mainly of benefit when the newly acquired information is linked to what is already familiar in that the learner should be able to tie what he/she learns and relearn to what is already known. Memorization is a very critical part of learning and to benefit from it, it has to be done quite often thus it requires repetition (Balmert, 2010). According to Marton & Trgwell (2000), repetition assists in the transfer of information acquired from th
Crime rates of various countries reveal the correlation between employment and crime. Individuals without jobs and accommodations are forced to violate the law in order to survive. Thus, many people consider poverty as the main cause of crime worldwide. However, it is hard to say whether unemployment is responsible for the crime in our country. The situation differs from area to area, making it impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion. Different types of criminal activities are carried out, and not all can be directly linked to the lack of employment. Studies have shown that property crime can be connected to unemployment. Yet, violent crimes such as murder and rape are not strongly related to poverty. That is why the author tries to examine whether unemployment leads to crime in this essay. In the 1990s, the rate of unemployment was low and so was the rate of property crime. In other studies, it shows that where the rate of unemployment is high, the rate of crime is like to be high too. It is not easy to conclude this matter because there are different studies carried out which have given contradicting results. One may indicate that unemployment and crime are linked, whereas, another will suggest that the two are not connected (Rafael & Winter, 259). Most people believe that the steady rise of unemployment leads to a relative increase in crime. An individual lacks a source of legitimate income when he/she is unemployed. This occurs when people are laid off at the closure of a company or not able to be employed at all after training. Some people resolve to criminal activities such as burglary, drug peddling, and other crimes to make an income. Unemployment is high among young people. People who have completed training and are ready for the job market stay unemployed. Another group of young people affected by unemployment is those who are laid off because of lack of college education. When young people are unemployed for a long time, they lose hope of getting employment (Weatherburn, 1). Therefore, unemployment and crime affect people who are under the age of 40, and these are mostly young men. This is because most criminal activities are carried out by people; thus, unemployed people over 40 years are not likely to enter into criminal activities. Research studies show that there is a link between young people who have been unemployed for more than one year and property crime. Most young people get involved in selling drugs such as heroin, marijuana and other dangerous drugs because they make quick money. Economists and researchers believe that when the rate of unemployment is declining the rate of criminal activities is also falling. There are usually high rates of unemployment in areas where crimes are very high. The researchers argue that in these areas, the number of youth who have been out of work for more than one year is extremely high. Another argument is that areas with high rates of poverty and child abuse and neglect increase the rate of crime. Poverty is caused by lack of employment which leads to children resolving to crime at an early age as a source of inc
Today, people pay more and more attention to the role of women in historical events. Various achievements were previously considered only in terms of male participation. However, women have come a long way towards the current level of freedom and equality. America of the Colonial period is characterized by discrimination not only by race but also by gender. However, colonizing new lands requires both men and women to cooperate to build settlements and provide them with populations. Depending on gender, people “experienced life differently in terms of their rights and responsibilities within families and outside the home” (Shehan, 2018, p. 87). The essay explores the status of women and gender roles in colonial America. The difference between the lives of women in the Northern and Southern Colonies is also discussed. Finally, the movement of “republican mothers” and their contribution to the revolution are analyzed. The first colonizers of the New World were Europeans, who brought with them European concepts of the family and women’s role in society. Thus, colonial America’s social organization was patriarchal, where men represented authority, were political leaders, moral models, and controlled property (oclsvideos, 2017). For colonial America, the family was the fundamental element in maintaining social order, defining work responsibilities, and determining participation in politics (ColumbiaLearn, 2017). Nevertheless, there were differences between families and, accordingly, gender roles in the Northern and Southern colonies, which is explained by the peculiarities of developing different lands. As such, a woman’s life in colonial America will vary greatly, whether she lives in a New England village or on a Chesapeake plantation. Even though women’s lives in different parts of America varied, some aspects were characteristic of both the North and the South. First of all, women were supposed to take care of the home, children, and food production for the family. Any woman in colonial America also had to get married and have children as early as possible (ColumbiaLearn, 2017). Women left Europe hoping to find a husband in America, as “marriage was the major route to upward social mobility… as well as a source of economic security” (Shehan, 2018, p. 84). The life of women was regulated by British common law, according to which they were under the protection of husbands or fathers. Thus, women were not legally free members of society, because “law reinforced dependencies of all sorts” (Hoffer, 2019, p. 40). The men of colonial society enjoyed much more freedom, while the wives’ life was severely limited. Despite the legal differences in status, both spouses ran the household. Often the household responsibilities of a man and a woman were the same: they raised children together, looked after the house, and worked in the fields (Shehan, 2018). Thus, women also participated in the cultivation and harvesting on an equal basis with men; however, only they manufactured candles, soap, and fabric. Neverthele
Running head: Healing Hospital Introduction Healthcare facilities aim to provide services that promote patient healing. Spirituality refers to the state of being involved with religious matters (Marks, 1999). There has been a growing interest in deciphering the role of spirituality in the healthcare field. In order to decipher the role of spirituality in healing hospitals, scientists analyze the factors that would promote healing within healthcare settings with regard to religious matters. Spirituality and religion perceive an individual as a complex being in terms of emotional, physical, and cognitive self. Marks (1999) argues that Judaism and Christianity view a person as a union of body, mind and spirit. The following components characterize healing hospitals: healing environment, technology, physical design properties, and a culture of care. Components of healing hospitals Healing environment A hospital environment should promote patient healing by ensuring that patients are in a safe and quiet environment that does not cause anxiety. A healthcare facility that is characterized by a loving, compassionate and pleasing hospital has more chances of promoting patient care than a facility that does not have an environment that promotes healing. Healing environments are complex, and they involve more than physical features. In fact, human factors that contribute to healing environments are as important as physical factors of hospital environments (Haggard & Hosking, 2003). Illnesses cause a lot of stress to patients and families. Thus, when they go to hospitals they would want to be assured that they are in safe and healing environments that would not cause stress. For example, patients spend a considerable amount of time sleeping because sleep helps the body systems to rejuvenate. Thus, they need to be in hospitals that do not have machines and people causing noise. If a hospital is under repair or construction, then necessary measures should be taken to avoid disturbing patients (Haggard & Hosking, 2003). Patient hallways should be carpeted to reduce the amount of sounds produced when people move along the hallways. Nursing staff and other healthcare providers should not be talking in loud tones when they are discussing patient matters. They should use special rooms designed for such discussions and other forms of communication that do not involve sounds. For example, email communication enables healthcare providers to communicate without making noise (Haggard & Hosking, 2003). Technology Advancement in technology has greatly impacted patient healing in hospitals. Hospitals should install separate elevators to transport patients (Haggard & Hosking, 2003). The special elevators ensure that patients are moved freely and efficiently within healthcare facilities to access care within the hospital. Adv
The right to success is personal and largely depends on the determination of the individual these are the views of Alain. Alain described success theories, the benefits of being successful, and the pains of being a failure. Alain emphasized that we are what we think and we are chiefly responsible for our status in life. The motivator used the forum to calm the nerves of his audience. He wanted to make the larger audience understand that success is not centered on how much an individual can have , but how well he or she carry along all aspects of life. The critical question was on success and failure. Alain explained how the world today has pushed people to the brink of suicide, due to systemic theories of success. By what standard can one rate success? When should one be called a failure? , the orator wanted to correlate the true meaning of success and how writers have exaggerated the word. Some writers have explained that success is an act of merit and those who are successful, reached that height on merit. However, this theory cannot be completely true because some people were born into a fortunate home and for that reason they became rich even without hard work. Alain disagreed with the theory that says, “we are what we do”. Success has become something to be envious of, and every person has dreamed in one way to be successful in his or her career. Although career cannot be the true standard on how successful an individual is measured, it is a step towards getting things right in life. The philosopher exposed the audience to the many hazards they face in the race of success. People are overwhelmed with the idea of success, and have dreaded the word failure. They see failures are a taboo, and a disease, thus an individual would not want to associate with a failure because of the ill treatment they would receive from the society. Literatures on success are published on a daily basis, and these literatures describe failure patterns and how it has affected an individual’s determination to succeed. These literatures however fail to strike a balance between how success should be measured. We read such literatures without benefiting from it. We pay to buy such literatures and do not get the desired satisfaction we desired. He explained that what we need is a practical approach to success. Alain centers his arguments on the fact that the society is responsible for the failure of an individual. He proposed that the condition that surrounds an individual could make or break such an individual, but more often the society affects the way the individual views his or her achievements. He used the forum to address the bias approach the society views success and failure. People no longer enjoy stories of failure and no matter what you do to succeed, the society would associate with you. However, Alain got it all wro
Introduction Nomadic life continuously attracts us, so we are always keen to know more about the nomads. In a way, nomadic moves in the pasture and abode in the tents represent liberty. They face the severity of rain, snowstorms, and the drought with calmness. The values which we can find in these nomads are- integrity, courage, and generosity. They have very good knowledge of the environment and excellent ability to handling the animals. Nomads can be found on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas. These nomads are known as ‘drokpa’ in the Tibetan language, which means ‘high pasture people.’ Roughly two million Tibetan speaking nomads are estimated to be spread in this big area (Miller 1). Approximately half a million Tibetan nomads have made their abode on an isolated plateau named Chang Tang. It is a 15,000 foot high. Nomads have spread in other far areas of Tibet also. In the Chang Tang, which comes under Phala region, small camps could be found. These camps normally have two to eight tents. These nomads possess the flocks of sheep, horses, and yaks. The whole time of the year, they live in the highest places, as high as 16000 to 17500 feet. That is why they are known as the highest resident native population in the world. The nomads are found in Nagqu prefecture also, which is 4,500 meters high. It is situated on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Approximately 90 percent of Nagqu residents make their living by breeding livestock (Hays, par.2). After the Chinese invaded Tibet in 1959, the nomads’ primeval lifestyle was controlled. During the 1960s and 70s, many nomads lost their professions due to confiscation by the Chinese government. Their animals were taken away, and they were not given any place to live. They were put in the community. They had to do odd jobs for the people of the community and for which they were paid fewer wages. For feeding, they were given only goat milk. Today nomads have the same system as it was in feudal times; only the taxes are taken by the Chinese government instead of lamas (Hays, par.3). Nomad Society Nomads live in the tents made from black yak hair. These tents are four or eight-sided. Both elder and younger people live in the same tents, having designated areas for each other. For keeping Buddhist deities, they make an altar, and next to the altar, they keep their valuable things like jewelry, etc. Nomads have to bear cold weather, and they have to do lots of walking. Many of the nomads travel only in summer. In the winter season, they live in valleys where they make houses with woods. Many of them have access to electricity. A three-generation nomad family consists of nine me
Problem Identification Crown Plaza Hotel is one of the leading hotels in Dallas, attracting both local and international visitors. The fact that this facility serves locals and international visitors means that it has to meet the diversified needs of its customers. According to Cletus, Mahmood, Umar, and Ibrahim (2018), major hotels, and resorts serving international customers are often under pressure to have a diversified workforce that can enable them to understand and meet the diversified needs of their customers. Crown Plaza Hotel is facing the same problem. The company has made an effort to ensure that its workforce is a representation of the type of customers that they expect. However, it is emerging that the company is finding it difficult to manage a diversified workforce. In this paper, the researcher seeks to address the problem of diversity management that the company faces. Description of the Organization Crown Plaza Hotel is one of the leading hospitality companies in Dallas. The company has experienced massive growth over the past years as the management continues to invest in infrastructure, employees’ empowerment, and superior value delivery to its customers. The firm has over one hundred employees working in its various departments. The management has been keen to ensure that its workforce is as diversified as possible to ensure that it is in the best position to understand its customers’ needs. The hotel serves both local and international customers in Dallas. Context of the Problem The management of Crown Plaza Hotel decided to ensure that it employs workers from different parts of the world to reflect the face of its customers. Instead of just focusing on diversity based on the local American context, the firm has made a deliberate effort to hire foreign country nationals to meet the diverse needs. Although the majority of wo
Proper leadership forms the key foundation for successful project completion. This is why concurrent sections of this report will analyze on most important leadership skills that will help in the management of the overcoming trade show in Sacramento, CA. This report will further illustrate the application of best practices in project management during the trade events perpetration, the actual running of the event, and even post-event activities. Some sections of the report will highlight the importance of the project management practices to be used—consequences of failing to apply best practices will equally get address. A successful project manager should have a good understanding of all activities that would be undertaken in the respective project. This helps in the process of structuring activities in ways that would not conflict with each other. For instance, the manager will be able to cluster activities into three distinct stages. First would be those dealing with the preparation of the trade show. It is in these activities that communicating needs to suppliers, transport material to Sacramento, making travel arrangements, and structuring the entire process. The second part would include activities taking place during the event, they may include: division of labor between participating employees, channels of providing feedback to overall management, and arranging for daily meetings during the trade show so as to assess progress. The third part of the activities would take place after the official end of the trade show. This would include wrapping up the LRH Products stand, transporting materials back to company premises, and the eventual analysis of the event by participating employees and representatives from the marketing department. Excellent budgeting skills are also vital for successful project management. There are two major phases of the budgeting process that respective project managers should understand and consequently practice. First, the managers should be in a position to come up with a budget dealing with all the three aspects stages of project management (Cleland, 2003, p. 96). In developing a budget to cover the three stages, project managers should first have an understanding of budgetary allocations on previous projects similar to the current one. In LRH Products’ case, the managers would be considering t