ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Industrial revolution refers to rapid expansion of industries and drastic growth of production as better innovative methods is employed in production. The industrial revolution which began in the 18th century effected class structure, urban life and manufacturing globally. In the industrial revolution, many new technologies and systems appeared. The Industrial revolution is important because it was a changing point in history. It started in the 18th century in England. First it happened in Britain, then in Western Europe, North America, Russia and Japan. Machines and factories transformed agrarian societies into industrial societies. Industrial machinery transformed economic product by producing high-quality products quickly, cheaply and efficiently. Preindustrial societies’ family members used to work together on agriculture, domestic manufacturing or commerce (Bentley & Ziegler, 2008). Industrial societies moved economic production outside of the home and created a sharp distinction between work and family life (Bentley & Ziegler, 2008). New social classes were; enterprising business people who were very powerful and wealthy; middle classes who were small business owners, engineers and teachers; working class people who were miners, laborers and were less skilled than the artisans and craftsmen of earlier times (Bentley & Ziegler, 2008). Technological development in the industrial revolution, the new spinning machines and weaving machine development permitted the mass production of inexpensive textile goods. Steam engines were predominantly used in the British textile industry as they allowed greater productivity for manufacturers and cheaper prices for consumers (Bentley & Ziegler, 2008). Steam engines led to improved transportation technology. Railroad and steamships lowered the cost of transportation, as they were able to carry greater capacity. The Factory system was the predominant method of production in the 18th and 19th century, because machines were too large and expensive for home use (Bentley & Ziegler, 2008). Centralization brought together more workers doing specialized tasks. The industrial revolution affected class structure, urban life and manufacturing in the United Kingdom. Why Industrial Revolution Happened The fact that England was an Island made the country ideal for trade and this triggered Industrial revolution. The population was huge as the country was endowed with lots of natural resources. The population provided labor force to industries as well as market for goods. With the good economy, investors would eventually establish factories that would make goods which were traditionally made from homes and small workshops. The revolution stated to spread to other regions in Europe and America. The revolution brought productivity and technical efficiency in the manufacturing sector. Coal replaced wood as the major source of energy since demand for energy was growing fast, especially from the iron and textile factories. The advancement made in the field of medicine provided vaccinat
Japan and Spartacus are two early civilizations of the world. They had a well-formed and developed system of governance that had brought about other organizations like the social organization. Hermeneutics is a method of understanding human actions and it can be well incorporated to explain the social science of a particular community. The two societies are different in that between the two civilizations, the Spartans were more involved in military activities unlike the Japan society who were more involved in their work. Various context of the organization have to be looked at and interpreted to be able to understand the social science of a particular society.. All these social considerations are instrumental in defining the social organization of a given society (Collins, 2005). The Spartans religion was the same that was practiced in the whole of Greece. The name of their god was Zeus and sacrifices were offered to him and praise too. The worship was done in temple and Spartans at times joined cults to offer their praise to Zeus. The sacrifices and religious duties were carried out by priests and priestesses. Religious beliefs in Japan date back to 712 A.D where it is believed the two descendants from heaven Izanagi and Izamani created the island of Japan. They two came bearing supernatural forces called deities that they used to create rivers, lakes and seas. The story forms the mythological origin of Japan. However, the Buddhist religion that came in the later years spreading from China and Korea became the dominant religion in this society and is still commonly followed (Whitby, 2002). The influence of religion to the community was undeniably strong as it was applioed in every ascpect of life,.for battles to take players sacrifices had to be made in spartan society. Religion is ussually seen as a guide to the behaviours or traits that people portray in society, an ascpect that is even today obsered. Which ever religion that any society follows should be able to accommodate others because it is sometimes the cause of conflict in the modern society. Culture was also a big player when it came on how the society relate with each other. Socially these two civilizations had a caste system as the Spartans were the highest in the ranking for the system while in Japan society the emperor was the highest in the caste system. The two civilizations also had a similarity when it came to social leadership a royal family existed in both and mode of acquisition to power w
Introduction Analyzing education trends, several phases can be identified. The phases might include distance learning, which provided the solution for students’ physical presence in the classroom, e-learning, which brought new technology tools into the learning process, and ending with mobile learning, which is about to bring mobility and flexibility into the learning process. The main features of the stages of education development might overlap, e.g. in mobile learning has the characteristics of both e-learning and distance learning. Other than the emphasis on mobility as one of the main characteristics of mobile learning, it can be stated that there is a need to understand the rationale of implementing a mobile learning platform in learning. In that regard, the present paper proposes investigating the benefits of using the platform of Apple’s iPad as a mobile learning platform. Literature Review Despite the interest in mobile learning as a platform, it can be stated that there is still a challenge of whether such method will be accepted (Guy, 2009, p. 277). Additionally, there is still the challenge of defining the concept of mobile learning, in which mobile learning is perceived as a distinct concept, rather than simply a new adjective added to “the timeless concept of learning” (Ally, 2009, p. 114). With new technologies occurring every day, where mobile devices are becoming more and more powerful every day, more developments occur in the sphere of mobile learning. The rationale for such developments, in that regard, is connected mostly to opportunities, rather than benefits. Such opportunities include the opportunity of the “anywhere, anytime” learning, fitting with the learning environment, enabling personalized learning experience, and others (Pachler, Bachmair, Cook, & Kress, 2010, p. 9). Nevertheless, there are investigated benefits of mobile learning that were mentioned in literature, among which is enhancing collaborative interactions and communities of practice as well as obviating “the weaknesses of coordination, communication, organization, negotiation, interactivity, and mobility encountered in collaborative learning” (Cobcroft, Towers, & Bruns, 2009, p. 7). Among the studies that were devoted to the concept of mobile learning, the majority provide an overview of the way a mobile platform can be utilized. Chis, Grebla and Stanca (2009), propose a mobile platform as a solution to the fast changes of information and the need for the ability for a fast process of such information. The proposed system focus on smartphones as mobile platform for learning, as it is predicted that they will have the biggest success among students within the university in which the study was conducted (Chis, Grebla, & Stanca, 2009, p. 20). In terms of conducted assessments, the results are t
Packaging is an extremely important aspect of marketing the product and also the product itself. Although it may be the last part of the products manufacturing process and constitute only 5-10 of the cost of manufacturing the product it should always be planned beforehand and given due importance. Packaging is an important part of getting the consumer to try the product the first time. First of all packaging of the product needs to be clear and uncluttered. It is important that the consumer is able to easily understand the message that the manufacturer is giving about the product. The packaging needs to be in line with the theme of the product that the manufacturer wants to project. For example if the manufacturer is trying to sell the product as an environmentally friendly one, then it makes sense to ensure that the packaging is also in line with this concept. Theme is also very important when we consider all aspects of the package from the design of the package to the materials used in its construction. The color’s , the graphics used the placement should all fuse together to give a unified message. Another important part of good packaging is that it should differentiate your product from your competitors. This is especially important when a product is competing in a heavily dominant or competitive market and the manufacturers are trying to secure an edge by tackling a specific niche In the market. Also if the packaging is not different in terms of color scheme or graphics consumer’s might not be able to differentiate the product from the competitions. This is an example of good packaging. For starters there is no cluttering anywhere. The products attributes are being communicated very cleanly and clearly to the consumer. The graphic is clearly playing a important role in attracting the consumers, because of its connection to the theme of the product and also because it has a large presence on the packaging. The colors are smooth and blend in together with each other. A very important point is that each element of the packaging is in line with the theme of the product. The simplicity of the package, the colors, the graphic and even the font contribute towards emphasizing the natural appeal of the product. Also the packaging is original and creative and stands out from the packaging of competing products. This can be taken as an example of bad packaging. First of all the packaging is cluttered with color and words, which means the products message is not being communicated clearly to the consumer. There is also no distinctive graphic with which the product can be associated. Also the packaging is not really thematically unified. The product’s name is starbursts which gives the reader the impression of the color yellow. However instead of yellow the packaging is mostly a bright shade of r
Planning and risk assessment is essential part of management to deliver quality products to customers. In the two reviewed Global Green Books Publishing case studies, an example of how not having a plan leads to wasted time and money is illustrated. The management succumbed to conscious, subconscious, and affective factors at all stages of working with a new client, which negatively affected the result. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the factors influencing decision-making and response to changing situations. Risk perception is influenced by factors included in the groups of the conscious, subconscious, and effective. Conscious factors are visible and measurable, so they represent the characteristics of a rational assessment of a particular risk situation. In the case of Global Green Books Publishing, the company’s development was influenced by the lack of planning for the execution of specific tasks and necessary resources. First of all, unqualified specialists were hired to work, unable to provide high-quality book production. Moreover, there was no training for employees, which made it impossible to change the situation. Another important aspect is th
There is no secret that in the present-day world, hundreds of species vanish from the face of the Earth completely due to the changes in their habitat. The latter, being spawned by the environmental changes inflicted by people’s activities, requires thorough research. One of the major concerns of the XXI century, the shrinkage of the Atlantic Forest, will inevitably trigger the disappearance of an even greater number of species populations. To make the matters worse, some of the endangered species in question are nowhere else to be found except for the Atlantic Forest, which means that these animals and plants will be lost for good for the humankind (Mongillo & Zierdt-Warsaw, 2000). With the help of modern technologies, such as Google Earth, one can detect the source of the problem and, therefore, provide an efficient solution to it. The procedure for acquiring the necessary data is relatively easy. By using the Google Earth Plug-in (Google Planet), one starts the program on the PC, either going to the 3-D model or remaining in the Google Earth view. Below is the image of Rio de Janeiro: When reconsidering the evidence obtained via Google Earth, one must admit that the given method of acquiring information also has its flaws, the most basic one being the inability to locate the effects that the civilization has on nature. Google Earth shows the total area of the Atlantic Forest in a very graphic way: The second picture shows that the deforested areas in Rio de Janeiro are increasing rapidly. For instance, the area used for growing coffee crops has shrunken considerably, which can be observed in the picture above. When speaking about deforested tropical areas, one must also mention the coast of Rio and its industrial regions: In addition, it is relatively easy to spot the line drawn between the natural habitat and the environment created by people: However, the effect of the latter on the Atlantic Forest is practically unnoticeable in Google Earth. One might argue, however, that by comparing the evidence obtained before the current evidence, one can spot the tendency in Atlantic Forest shrinkage. According to the existing evidence, creating an artificial environment that will resemble the one in the Atlantic Forest is practically impossible. Due to the specifics of the local climate, as well as the environment, which every single element of a tropical rainforest, starting with a mosquito to the huge, centennial trees, contributes considerably to. Therefore, the most reasonable solution to the given problem is not to create an artificial environment, but to restore and sustain the Atlantic Forest, making sure that each of its elements is in its place and that people have no effect on its fragile ecosystem. One of the most efficient solutions for saving the Atlantic Forest species from dying out is to follow the principles of sustainability. Despite the considerable distance between the location and civilization of the rainforests, it is n
All are God’s creations, they are born, grow up, and choose their own way of life. They choose what they want to be or what their ambition or career path should be. Surprisingly, there are only a few people who have taken up a totally unrelated and different career to their former ones. One such great man is Roald Dahl. “Loved for their gleefully evil villains and their often mischievous sensibility, Dahl’s books introduce us to fantastic creatures and bizarre places and encourage our imaginations to run wild” (About Roald Dahl, 2010, para.1). Roald Dahl was born on September 13, 1916. He belonged to a Norwegian family located at Liandaff, Wales (Roald Dahl, 2010, para.1). His parents were Harald Dahl and Sofie Magdalene Dahl (née Hesselberg). He had four sisters namely Alfhild, Else, Asta, and Astri. When he was three, he lost his elder sister Astri and his father to death. So he remained the only blood-related child of his mother. Being a child born out of second marriage, he enjoyed it greatly as his mother was always on his side, no matter what. As we can see in the cases of many authors and poets, Roald also enjoyed stories and books from a very early age. He was introduced to the world of stories by his mother and he was very keen to see her in action. As children grow up, their curiosity increases and, they enter a phase of life dealing with a lot of adventures and begin searching for new worlds. Roald Dahl’s interests took him towards adventure stories and Captain Marryat became a hero to him. Kids do often have a lot of secrets enclosed within them, the same goes for Roald as he had a secret diary which he began writing at the age of eight. Writing the diary was a really difficult task for him as during this process he preferred to be on top of a tree for the whole time. The tree, for him, was a vault for keeping his diary, this way his sisters couldn’t get hold of it, unlike boys, they never climbed trees. The inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, one of his most famous works had come from one of his trips to the sweets store along with his friends. This was when he was only seven and a trip to the shop was like a tour around half of the world for him. Roald had a rough time in school. This fact is evident from his experiences. At the age of nine, he became a boarder at St. Peter’s Prep School and then began his misery. He suffered from homesickness, so he found a solution to this problem by writing letters to his mother at least once a week. At the age of thirteen, he became a student of Repton Public School, where he became a maestro in heavyweight boxing and squash. He became a genius in the sports field, but elsewhere he began facing troubles, that is, from his English Master, who was utterly disappointed in the young Roald and said, “He was quite inca
From the evidence provided, it is likely that Steve is affected by hypertension. Hypertension is a disease that is caused by high blood pressure in the body. The evidence provided shows that his blood pressure is 142/90. The figure is above the normal range. The normal range is between 120/90 and 140/90. Steve’s mother has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and Type 2 DM. The diseases are genetic. What this means is that Steve could be suffering from them. The evidence shows that his father died of myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is also known as a heart attack. It is caused by the blockage of blood to the heart (Gordis, 2014). The blockage increases blood pressure, leading to death. Steve has a 25-year history of smoking 1 PPD. Smoking is not only harmful to the lungs, but also to the heart. It increases blood pressure. In addition, the chemicals in tobacco damage the linings of the arteries. Smoking also forces the arteries to narrow. The increase in blood pressure can lead to death. The problem with the arteries can be prevented if Steve engages in regular physical exercises. However, the evidence shows that the patient does not take part in any form of physical activity. The main reason for this is his work as a road-truck driver (Lloyd-Sherlock, Beard, Minicuci, Ebrahim & Chatterji, 2014). His age confirms that his body is not active. Given his lifestyle, it is possible that Steve is affected by hypertension. Most of his time is spent on the road driving. As a result, he has a lot of fat deposits in his body. The situation can be dangerous. All these factors are tied to the causation of hypertension.
Introduction For this research, I studied the environment of the players of Clash of Clans (COC). This game is significant since it is global, it presents several chatting platforms for gamers, and its tasks require a team effort and careful strategic planning. For these reasons, COC gives a wide opportunity to study communications. During my fieldwork, I studied a COC team in action. I emphasized two particularly interesting topics: the language of COC players and the efforts of the team to improve their performance. The language of the players consists of three layers: youth slang, common video games slang, and the specific COC slang. Due to the democratic structure of the team, each player can make their own suggestions on improving performance. Thus, the specific characteristics of the tasks in COC make communication a primary part of success in this game. Background As a topic of my final project, I selected a Clash of Clans, a popular mobile game. The reason, for which I chose this game, is that it offers different chat platforms, both in and out of the game. It means that the game providers gave the players an opportunity to chat during long periods of time and discuss the problems of the game even when they are not playing. It is also necessary to mention that the out-of-game chatting platform is more developed than the in-game platform, so gamers spend more time chatting out of the gaming process. Therefore, studying the Clash of Clans environment is a good opportunity to understand communications inside of the game culture. Additionally, the game is global, and the players in the game are divided by countries, which presents an opportunity to study the group game strategies of different nationalities. In my research, I study the in-game chatting platform, as well as the other platforms that players use to discuss their plans and strategy. I believe that I have a serious knowledge on this problem because I have been playing Clash of Clans daily for more than a year, and I am a great fan of this game. For this research, I used such an ethnographic method as participant observation. This method requires establishing familiar relations with the group, which the researcher examines, and participate in all the activities of that group (Boellstorff 31). As I am already a gamer and have many friends, who are gamers, I decided that this method will be very useful. In addition, this method is effective and is often used in ethnographical studies, especially game studies. Clash of Clans Before studying the environment of players, it is necessary to understand the goals, tasks, and the whole setting and organization of Clash of Clans (COC) since the organizational mechanism has a serious influence on the field of study (Boellstorff et al. 62). COC is a massively multiplayer online game produced by Supercell, which exists since 2012 and can be loaded from Apple Store and Google Play. The game is available on m
Introduction Shakespeare once said that “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players’ ‘ (Shakespeare 662). It is impossible to reject it as life is complicated and people usually have to play different roles in order to survive. Moreover, different social positions also make people play the role of a student, a role of a son or a daughter, a role of a brother or a sister, and other roles which are dictated to us by the modern world. Masquerade is a place where people can wear masks, drop their everyday roles and be themselves, as wearing a mask, people usually behave more naturally, they have an opportunity to be real and free from roles imposed on them. The Notion of Disguise With Advantages and Disadvantages Masquerade is an ideal place to forget about everyday problems and relax. It is people’s essence that they always want to look better or absolutely differently from who they are in reality. Disguise allows people to drop all prejudice and inconvenience; they can show their real faces, no matter how funny it sounds. People just enjoy that they can be themselves without being afraid of reproaches and mockery. Still, such transformation can have both advantages and disadvantages. The main