ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The human mind development starts at a tender age. Consciousness maturity in infants begins early in life. Analysis of a child’s psychology and conduct varies with progress in age. To study growth in babies diverse aspects are considered. Features commonly applied are inspection of physical progress, use of a weight machine to determine mass, instruction tests, ascertaining display keenness of the baby, and mouth suckling movement by the infant. However, a comprehensive study of child consciousness exercises recognition of materials by the infant. To Figure out puzzles, constancy of an entity, prop up probabilities, and inclusions are determinants employed in child awareness assessments. These aspects show abilities in the child. Awareness Study Behaviour and human awareness specialists learn how a person’s psyche builds up over age. Researches have been conducted in child conduct from infancy to adolescence stage. Results demonstrated early start to a person’s awareness development. Human senses increase in conjunction with physical development of the being. A baby increases awareness of surrounding objects as it develops. Evidence of curiosity in babies is noted, especially when an infant reaches out to objects. Child psychologists believe that at these early phases the child exercises brain functions. Infant attraction to attractive objects assists the brain in recognizing objects around the child. Caregivers then apply cautionary steps to prevent injuries to the probing infant. Modern investigations have endeavoured to understand psychological developments in humans. At infancy, the human brain and other sensory organs are believed to function adequately. Experiments on various sensory parameters of child psychology guide establishment of theories. Reference to early studies by Piaget, a psychologist, directed infant behaviour and psychology research. Piaget investigated how infants identified items. He observed a baby’s response to an intentionally concealed item. The infant’s search for the item resulted in a state of perplexity. Piaget assumed that the baby’s conduct portrayed certainty to disappearance of the item. However, unrelenting rummaging around represented confidence of the item maintained presence. He believed younger babies were immature and could not comprehend item eternity. Latest findings on the search conducts confirm that babies are able to remember hidden items at young stages of life (Kaufman, Csibra & Johnson, 2005). Minors of very tender ages stare at items that show signs of disappearance or motion compared to stationary things. A child is fascinated by progressive images as they move. Further studies have been conducted on infant response to bodies in motion. Experiments with images have demonstrated divergent results to Piaget’s theory. Figures were passed behind partitions and babies put in positions to observe. The first setting was a solid screen and the other a separated barrier. Infants aged nine months showed respons
Introduction The United States of America comprises of citizens from different racial and cultural backgrounds. The main objective of this research paper is to deeply analyze, compare and then contrast the customs, values and the lifestyles of the St. Croix Chippewa Ojibwa Indians and the Somali population in Wisconsin, USA. This research paper will discuss the two communities’ traditions, religions and foods.. Even in the face of modernization and civilization, it is impressive how they have managed to hold onto their traditions. Results The St. Croix Chippawa Ojibwa Indians According to Barnouw (1977), the Ojibwa are among some of the largest Native American groups. They are a constituent of the Anishinaabe which falls under the Algonquian family. The total population of the Ojibwa in the United States of America numbers over fifty six thousand. Records of ancient history trace the origin of the Chippawa to the eastern parts of North America (Loriene, 2010). Their earliest homeland is believed to be on an island off the east coast called Turtle. Tradition The Chippawa were traditionally canoe makers as they lived alongside rivers and along the coast. Apart from their incredible talent in craft work, they also practise hunting, fishing and cultivate wild rice(Treuer, 2001). The Chippawa traditionally waged war using copper arrows until 1745 when they used guns acquired from the British(Densmore, 1979). The use of guns ensured their victory over the Dakota nation which saw the latter pushed further south. The Ojibwa or Chippawa traditionally lived in localized groups mostly known as bands (Warren, 1984). While men went about with canoe making, the women’s place was in the field where they cultivated a wide variety of food crops ranging from maize to squash. Because they were settled in a place with favorable conditions for their existence, their main type of settlement was sedentary(Loriene, 2010). The Ojibwa have managed to keep their tradition in various forms. For instance, they have composed songs that highlight the day to day activities that take place in their homesteads (Barnouw, 1977). They speak of the way things were done in the old days and the way they should be done. These songs help to pass on the tradition of the community from one generation to another. The fire of their culture is therefore kept burning by any one of them who has learnt and memorized the songs by heart. Moreover, these people are extremely social and very welcoming to strangers (Treuer, 2001). The Ojibwa have also preserved their tradition using rock paintings. Since they were skilled craftsmen, the Chippawa were in a position to record major events of their community on rocks especially those in caves (Office for state, tribal, local and territorial support, n.d). Some of the things that these paintings depict are the dream articles (objects that interpret or represent visions or dreams), some of their iconic leaders and animals and birds that they treated sacred. The rock artifacts were always intricate, symbolic and rarely secular. According to Warren (1984), this ensured that the secrets of the subculture were no
“ Hunt for the Super Twister” Documentary In the PBS documentary, “Hunt for the Super Twister,” a look into the destructive capability, methods of detection, and areas where they would most likely occur was showcased regarding twisters. When going over the video, the most obvious question that came to my mind was “why did they choose to live in such a location in the first place?” While such a question may seem a bit heartless in the face of deaths, destruction of property, and sheer heartbreak that comes as a result of a twister barrelling into the local neighborhood, it is still a valid response given that these people are putting their lives in danger. From a geographical perspective, living in “America’s Heartland,” where there is a high chance of twisters occurring is the equivalent of suicide given the potential for death. As seen in the PBS documentary, as compared to low-pressure areas, tropical depressions, typhoons, and other types of natural disasters, twisters are hard to predict since there is still very little what we know regarding the process behind their creation. All that is known is where they occur, how often, and what are the best ways that can be implemented to avoid them. Taking this into consideration, I feel that the residents that live in “tornado alley” are recklessly putting their lives in danger and should attempt to find a better place to live since their area is geographically one of the most dangerous places on Earth. “Oklahoma’s Deadliest Tornadoes” Documentary Similar to the 1st video “Hunt for the Super Twister,” the video “Oklahoma’s Deadliest Tornadoes” delves into the destructive capabilities of tornadoes and the various scientific teams that are attempting to understand how they work. Given that what’s at stake is the creation of a better early warning system that could help people evacuate much faster and thus save more lives, the exploits of the “storm chasers” in the video are truly remarkable. Though I still maintain the opinion that the people living in the tornado-prone areas of Oklahoma are being incredibly reckless with their lives and that they should move to a different region that is not as adversely impacted by the potential for their deaths to occur via a large tunnel of destructive air. After going over the other parts of the documentary, I did realize though that while from a geographical sense living in “tornado alley” is suicidal, yet from the perspective of people that have lived their entire lives in that area and have family and friends there as well as many memories, I began to understand why people continue to live in such areas despite the danger invol
Introduction Airports are being understood as enterprises rather than just public services (Poole, 1994, Para 1). Airport privatization is spreading globally since 1980 covering Australia, Britain and Canada (Neufville, 1999, Para 3). It has become the topic of more concern all over the world (Bardallis, 1998, Para 1). In early 1994 more than 50 countries had airport privatization on their agenda. In developed countries, the government tries to sell partial or sometimes all interests in existing airports but in developing countries the government tries to have long-term franchises for major expansion and modernization. Here private sectors support finance to develop new terminals or whole new airports (Poole, 1994, Para 5). Government fiscal interest also influences airport privatization that grows interested in this area. In developed countries, the government considers airports as assets and businesses. The traditional views of an airport are mainly public service whose target is to arrive and depart its users at the same time as its costs to be covered but the airport as an enterprise has different views that take airport as entrepreneurial business. It targets the needs of different clients. It takes care of not only airlines and private pilots but also passengers, greeters, staff etc (Poole, 1994, Para 6-7). Airport privatization is spreading fast in other countries except United States. Developed countries generally avoid investing limited resources in airports that can be financed by other sectors. On the other hand, developing countries look for finances for creating modern and efficient airports (Poole, 1994, Para 8). Definition of Airport Privatization Privatization means reducing the government’s involvement in providing services (Airport Privatization: Issues Related to the Sale of U.S. Commercial Airports, 1996, Para 1). Airport privatization is the transfer of airport ownership from the public sector to the private sector (New Interest in U.S. Airport Privatization: Recent and Political Changes,
Readiness Level for Change in Company X The statistical outcomes illustrate a high overall affirmative readiness level of organizational change by 75% in Company X. Evidence is that out of an evaluation scale of 4, all the reform readiness characteristics are above the average mark of 2. Another analysis of the data is that about 85.71% of all the attributes of change preparedness are above 2.5. According to the statistical substantiation provided, the conclusion is that Company X has a positive readiness degree for integral change. This is due to the high data figures in the aspects for change readiness. 7 Aspects for Change Readiness in Company X The perceptions towards change efforts refer to the insights, awareness, outlooks and attitudes, of the employees’ en route to change initiations in the organization. The achievement of transformation within the organization relies on the personnel’s perceptions, as they are the facilitators of change. Company X’s perception of the workforce towards change readiness endeavors is by a positive scope of 71%. This is due to its scale of 2.84 out of 4. The vision for change is the acquaintance of the direction and motivation of the personnel concerning the reform agenda of the organization. It offers the staff a comprehension for the desire for change and achievement criterion hence maximum cooperation. Vision that places the administration and personnel on an equivalent frontage towards change ignites the organization’s readiness for transformation. Company X has a vision of change that is illustrated by a quantity of 61.5% due to the 2.46 mark out of 4. Mutual trust and respect refers to the combined readiness to work together between the employees and the management as well as amongst the individual parties themselves in the organization. It is a fundamental foundation for successful change as it progresses organizational productivity and efficiency hence a factor in change readiness. The mutual trust and respect proportion of Company X is by 70.5%. This is illustrated by the score of 2.82 out of a scale of 4. Change initiatives refer to the prospect availability for the workforce in the organization to instigate change. They are essential for the commencing of change readiness. The change initiative of Company X is portrayed by a percentage of 81.5% due to a score of 3.26 out of 4. Management support for change refers to the administration’s preference to change in terms of streamlined policies and effective leadership determines the organization’s readiness for change. It is the management’s obligation to be supportive and steady to institute organizational changes. The management support for change of Company X is by 76% due to the tally of 3.04 out of 4. Acceptance to change is the compliance of the workforce towards change implementation in the organization. The advantages of reform initiatives influence the high rate of acceptance level of change. Company X’s acceptance to change readiness is illustrated by the highest percentage of 83.5% due t
Introduction Various definitions of professional learning communities have been brought forward over time. The context of professional learning communities that has been brought forward by these definitions seems to differ from scholar to scholar. Despite the differences, some similarities are evident in these definitions. Due to this fact therefore, this essay will explore the definitions and the theories that have been advanced by three different schools of thought. The essay will go further and critically analyze these theories. The overall outcome of the analysis will be used as the proper meaning and purpose of professional learning communities. Peter Senge Peter Senge is a well respected analyst and scholar in the business world. He has received a number of awards due to his hard work and the brilliance that has been exhibited in his career. As a result, the Journal of Business Strategy named him as the strategist of the millennium (INFED, 2011). Despite all these, Peter has been researching professional learning communities. According to him, a professional learning community is an organization where people with common interest and ideas meet to share, explore and expand their knowledge and skills (Senge, 2004). As a result, people end up gaining the results that they desire, gather new knowledge and skills for expansion, and enhance their productivity together as a group or as a team. According to Peter, this is an effective forum that will assist staff of various organizations to keep up with the rapid pace at which operations keep on changing. This will ensure that the operations of an organization are up to date. This makes it easier for such organizations to meet the demands of their stakeholders. As a result therefore, organizations that ap
Ensuring equal rights and freedoms for people from all social strata, nations, and cultures is practically impossible within the capitalistic social order. However, the government should provide at least minimal resources for people to survive. The recent migration rates showed that many people all over the world are deprived of necessities, which highlights the violation of human rights. The migration problem involves social justice issues regarding civil rights and moral values protection. Considering the international scale of the situation aggravated by the recent pandemic, it can be considered a culture war. Opposing sides are positioned around the migrants’ rights versus the interests of the governments and citizens of recipient countries unable to shelter all people in need. Thus, the recent migration problem involves the social justice issue and can be treated as one of the significant culture wars. Global migration has always been a question that has no obvious answer. People from many parts of the world try to escape from the violence and unsuitable living conditions. The rise in the number of migrants during the last two years occurred from the general decline in global mobility due to severe restrictions on movement. When billions of people were isolated in places of permanent residence, millions of others were forced to migrate to their countries. The Central African Republic, Afghanistan, Libya, and other deprived regions are on the verge of collapse due to unsafe conditions and authorities’ violence (Heindlmaier & Kramer, 2021). In 2020 and 2021, the scale of displacement in Mexico and Central America has been unprecedented (Heindlmaier & Kramer, 2021). Around a million people in the region have fled their homes due to drug cartel wars, crime violence, the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and climate change. The new US administration has signaled that it will show compassion for illegal migrants and refugees crossing the country’s southern border. Still, the pandemic-related asylum restrictions remained in place, resulting in the expelling of hundreds of thousands of people back to Mexico and other regions. As the pandemic continues, inequalities between those who can travel and those prevented from doing so by visa restrictions and financial constraints are likely to become even more pronounced. The situation will become even more aggravated when the borders are opened for those who have been vaccinated or have received a negative test result. Many migrants, due to objective reasons, will not be able to be vaccinated or tested. The migration problem has a sociological nature and requires significant value changes to be solved. The discussed issue reflects t
In the January –February 2011 issue of ‘The Harvard Business Review,’ Michael porter and Mark Kramer wrote an article titled “The Big Idea-Creating Shared Value”. According to Porter and Cramer, the concept of shared value can be defined as “policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates”. This quote from Peter Brabeck can bring the definition home. This new approach of doing business puts societies wellbeing at the centre of the companys strategy and operations. It enables the business to maximize economic value for the company while addressing societal challenges. They contend that this is a modern way of doing business and many companies are embracing it for example GM, Nestle, Uniliver, Intel, Wal-Mart stores among others. Companies can create shared value in three major ways that are re-evaluating products and markets, redefining productivity in the value chain, and building supportive industry clusters at the companys locations. According McConnell et al. (2012), companies are beginning to realign their operational and production activities to meet the customer’s requirements in terms of the quality of goods and services that they produce. For example, food industries are now focusing on better nutrition instead of the traditional taste and quantity, in the technology sector computer manufactures such as IBM and Intel are now designing machines, which are more energy efficient. These are examples of where shared value has been created through development of products that meet societal needs. In the process of creating value, a company affects and in turn is affected by several social factors such as natural resource, working conditions, health and safety, water use, and fair treatment of workers. These societal factors can positively be exploited by the company and turned into economic gains instead of costs. Even in the absence of regulation, organizations that cannot create shared value still have to incur internal costs from externalities. To support this argument, Porter and Marker explain that Wall-Mart was able to create shared value by reducing its packaging and adopting new routes for its trucks to cut 100 million miles from its delivery routes in 2009. Porter and Marker identified six major areas through which productivity in the value chain can be redefined. These are energy use and logistics, resource use, procurement, distribution, employee productivity, and location. Organizations have continuously revised their operations in order to come up with processes that are more energy efficient. This has been necessitated by continuous increase in oil prices and the rising opportunities for energy efficiency. This has resulted into efficient use of energy resources through better technology such as the computers manufactured by IBM and Intel, recycling, use of natural energy sources like the sun, windmill to light homes and irrigate farms respectively. Porter gives the example of British retailer Mark and Spencer initiative of stopping to source supply from distant places and shipping them to