ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
No one can deny the fact that modern age can be characterized by a great number of changes in almost all spheres of human activity. Being highly affected by the influence of society, teaching should also be changed. New methods and remedies should be used in teaching and learning activities in order to increase the level of their efficiency. Considering this, it is possible to analyse the sphere of andragogy and teaching Arabic to get the idea of changes happening in these fields. While implementing a notion of construction-based pedagogies Daniel Schneider and Synteta Paraskevi (2005) distinguish between three different levels at which they can be applied. They are small pedagogical scenarios, long-term projects and the general study environment (Schneider & Paraskevi 2005). One of these strategies, for instance the small pedagogical scenario, can obviously be used while teaching Arabic language. Schneider & Paraskevi (2005, p.4) suggest breaking the problem that occurs during the course, “into several parts so that the students are challenged to master as many tasks as they are ready to handle”. A teacher in such a case plays a role of a manger whose task is to facilitate and help students if needed. It is obvious, that such kind of approach can lead to a great improvement of a level of knowledge and a tempo of an understanding of a new material. Each task could be divided into several stages, and accomplishment of each phase will lead to the better understanding of the material and the increase of the level of satisfaction of students. For teaching Arabic, the definite pedagogical scenario proposed by the authors of the article may be applied. On the initial stage, a teacher introduces a theme and gives students clues concerning an objective of a lesson. Students work independently using various Web resources and marking websites and ideas that they find to be interesting. Then students try to classify the material into groups and subgroups related to the given theme. Having elaborated their own ideas, students share the material with each other and the results of their work are discussed in public. The most successful ideas are given special attention. The role of a teacher in such a situation not to interfere, but to facilitate the studying process and to arouse students interest to the subject. This pedagogical scenario is based on the cognitive learning approach and may be successfully applied in practice. With this in mind, it is possible to say, that the ideas represented in this article can be used in the work of a teacher with the intention to make it more efficient. Reference List Schneider, D & Paraskevi, S 2005, Conception and implementation of rich pedagogical scenarios through collaborative portal sites . Web.
The food we take comprises complex carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. A substantial proportion is first broken down to simple oxo-acids by a series of enzyme reactions, collectively grouped in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid pathways. These acids undergo another sequential oxidation breakdown to carbon dioxide and water taking the help of oxygen that we breathe. The entire process is known as catabolism. The last step of oxidation, called respiratory electron transport, is operative in the cellular powerhouse, mitochondria. Here, the highest amount of energy is released, which is immediately captured in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by a reaction known as phosphorylation (ADP + i P + Energy → ATP). Also known as cellular energy storehouse, ATP is a high-energy molecule, comprising a nitrogenous base – adenine, a five-carbon sugar – ribose, and three-terminal phosphates, of which the last phosphate bond is rich in captured energy. Enzymatic breakdown of this bond converts ATP back to ADP and i P by exactly opposite reaction and releases substantial energy (12 kcal mol -1 ), used for vital body functions. To know the entire process, let us compare ATP with a spring-loaded dart gun and i P with a dart. To load the gun, we insert the dart until it clips. In energy terms we use energy (or do work) to contract the spring, thereby generating potential energy on the dart. This situation is analogous to phosphorylation in which energy, generated from various reactions of catabolism, is captured in the phosphate bond of ATP. As per the demand, we release the spring and fire. Consequently, the potential energy is converted to equal kinetic energy, clearly seen as the shot of the dart, which comes out with high energy. This is analogous to the release of i P from ATP, and the high chemical energy resting in the phosphate bond is released, to be used for different body functions. Source Plowman, S.A. &. Smith, D.L.(2007). Exercise physiology for health, fitness and performance. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Introduction American poetry is always an interesting and exciting topic for discussion. There are numerous similarities between the works by Walt Whitman and Robert Frost. Both of them have inspired generations with their unique poetry. Walt Whitman Walt Whitman’s Biography The poet was born in a small village in 1819 (Meltzer, 2002). He has spent his childhood on the farm and later had to move to Brooklyn. Walt Whitman left his school to become a student of a printer and started publishing his poems. His life was not easy because he had to work at different jobs at the same time. The author’s family was extremely patriotic, and the influence of his father can be seen in his poems. What is interesting is that he wrote only one collection of poems during his whole life. Leaves of Grass is unique because all the editions are different. The author was making small changes to it in an attempt to make it perfect. Meltzer (2002) states that “he captured the emotions and imaginations of Americans, the people he loved” (p. 8). Differently put, this poet was able to express his true feelings through his works. He was able to create images that were understood by the readers by pouring his soul into his poetry. He had to face many challenges on his path, but he continued mastering his craft. His works were often criticized and attacked, but it did not stop the poet (Loving, 2000). He has tried out numerous careers during his life, but there was nothing that he liked more than poetry. He made some crucial mistakes during his life. However, there is no question that he is an excellent author. Walt Whitman’s Poetry “For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you” (Whitman, 2013) is one of the opening lines in Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself . The author can create a connection with readers with these emotional words because he directly addresses them. This line means that there is no difference between humans because all of them have their feelings, ambitions, and emotions. This poem is truly inspirational, and it should be noted that he believed that every individual finds a new body after leaving this world. The word death is used over ten times throughout the whole piece because it has a special meaning for the poet. The theme of reincarnation can be seen in many of his works. This poem is rather intense and tragic at the same time because he describes both good and bad events. It is separated into fifty-two parts that are different in their structure and length. However, every single piece is like a continuation of a previous one. Most of it is free poetry that was extremely popular at that time. He speaks mostly from his point of view, but it can be argued that it is not the same person in all the parts of this poem. Metaphors are used throughout the whole work. For example, doors that await a stranger in this po
In life conflicts is not evitable; conflict can be defined as a disagreement between two or more parties having different views, opinions, and interests; solving a conflict can be a challenging or simile issue depending with the parties involved as the nature of their conflict, conflict resolution contains substantive, procedural, and psychological dimensions of human mind. There are different types of conflict each calls for its special resolution approach (Jeong, 2009). This paper discusses three main conflicts types and the way they can be solved. Relationship conflicts Relationship conflicts occurs when people working, living, staying or in close proximity have some differences; the differences leads to disagreement and either party feels oppressed by the other. A certain level of conflict is healthy as it assists a parties involved to deal with challenging issues and let them solve and air out their differences in life. In intimate relationships , healthy conflicts are known to lead to more intimacy between the parties; in whichever the relationship, conflicts are not evictable so the best method to live with them is to handle them effectively:   * Solving relationship conflicts To solve effectively relationship conflict, the following is the best style:   * Every party get in touch with its feelings   * Listen to the other person and let them say what they feel without interacting   * Give your views and practice Assertive Communication   * Jointly develop a common ground   * Seek the solution and stick to it (Fenn & Gameson, 1992). Task conflict Task-led/task conflict occurs when people working together have some differences arising from the tasks, roles, responsibilities, and powers they have compared to the other person. It is mostly common in those organizations where there is poor leadership and no clear cut of division of labor. The best approach in solving task conflicts follows the following process:   * Have clear definition of tasks within an organization; every employee should be made aware of his role and responsibilities within the organization   * Offer appropriate training to employees on the right approach they should use when conducting their operations   * Enact good leadership policies in teams and seek to build orchestrate teams   * Embark on effective communication among team members and their leader and ensure that they build relationships that can facilitate effective inter-member conflicts resolutions; when managing conflicts there is need to involve managers and employees (Margerison, 2002). Process conflict When operating within an organization, there are times that the internal process and way of operating is affected or confronted by opposing sides; some people may want the process follow one direction while others feel the opposite. At the end, the general operation of the business is hampered. The conflict is common to those organizations whose manufacturing processes are not well planned and controlled. To solve the conflicts, the following is the main process:   * Business processes should be well documented and work schedul
Introduction The value of emotion and emergence concepts, as proposed by Keegan to practitioner managers, is collaborated through the use of formal research techniques. These techniques are employed when the managers are charged with the responsibility of investigating specific workplace issues hindering the smooth running of the organization. This paper analyzes the core values presented to practitioner managers through the employment of emotion and emergence concepts. Moreover, a balance is structured to elaborate on the perspective dominated by practitioner thinking to the traditional conceptualization of the research framework. Summary Sheila Keegan’s article on practitioners’ reflections on the development of qualitative research includes issues on emotion and emergence concepts. These ideas are presented as a basis for the academically prescribed dimension of research considered in traditional conceptualization. Moreover, the article balances emotion and emerging concepts to practitioner managers by arguably elaborating this perspective that was held by the practitioner school of thought (Keegan, 2009). The basis of Keegan’s article is to formulate a framework with which specialist managers work when given a task to investigate specific workplace issues. Arguments Formal research techniques are widely used for the investigation of workplace issues arising out of employees’ attributes. Complaints of bias and threats issued to employees as well as substance abuse are some of the factors that lead to a workplace investigation. Misconduct at the workplace and violation of rules and regulations s
Introduction A. Van Jordan is considered a contemporary poet and has written two books worth of good reading. He is a notable African American writer who also serves in the role of teacher. He is a graduate of Howard University, where he received his Master’s Degree. He considers writing poetry as “a journey of discovery” (Spectrum of Poetic Fire). The poem “How Does A Man Write a Poem” is published in his book called “Rise”. It is published as part of a collection of poems that Van Jordan has written. The poem is structured with seven stanzas, six with three lines and the seventh with four lines. “How Does A Man Write a Poem.” This poem is written from the perspective of a man lying next to a woman in bed. Van Jordan uses metaphors to describe the environment the poet/man is in. He uses the time (midnight), and what the moon does to midnight to describe what the woman’s body does for the poetry he writes: lightens up the night or lightens up his words. In the third stanza, Van Jordan describes how easily the urge to write comes to him when he writes: “Freely in that part of the mind that makes a man hum or whistle- when he least suspects it-“ He continues on in the fourth stanza what he started in the third: “a tune that sticks to him for life. Tonight, the song is a request: Write me a poem, please.” This is interesting because one can relate to the idea of a song or jingle stuck in one’s head. These songs come freely from commercials and songs song as a child. For this poet, who writes as creative expression, the jingle requesting a poem be written would seem quite natural. In the fifth stanza, the poet lets the audience know what his subject is: “But what is left to write, when the poem is curled up next to him in bed, her hair hanging over his chest,” A poem can’t curl up next to him in bed! This is another metaphor used to describe his subject, who is the woman lying next to him in bed. Van Jordan uses another metaphor when he describes her breathings “a willow breathing in his ear?” in the sixth stanza. T
Abstract Australia is one of the countries which are affected by the problem of water scarcity. Domestic and industrial sectors in the country rely majorly on rainwater. Water management, therefore, becomes very important as a way of ensuring sustainability in the consumption of this critical resource. The research revealed that Australians are yet to find ways of harvesting and cleaning stormwater for future use. The chief reason for this is that rainwater has in its impurities that may cause some illnesses if it is consumed without proper treatment. Diseases such as cholera and dysentery are commonly caused by the consumption of contaminated water. Managing water quality using modern technologies Low Impact Development and Water Sensitive Urban Design is very important because, through it, the government will find it easy to collect stormwater, clean it, and channel it to the storage facilities for domestic and industrial use. Introduction Water is one of the most critical resources that support the sustainability of life and the development of a country’s economy. The issue of water availability in Australia has been of great concern to the leaders in this country. According to Daniell (22), Australia largely depends on precipitation- rainwater and snow- as the main sources of clean water, given that it is an island. Traditionally, people designed ways of trapping clean rainwater for primary use. Through a public-private partnership, the Australian urban centers have developed effective ways of collecting and storing rainwater for use at home and in the industrial sector. The overreliance on rainwater has had its consequences that the stakeholders will have to deal with to ensure that water remains available for the public. The first problem is the prolonged droughts that have been witnessed in the recent past. Issues related to climate change have not spared this country. The regular patterns of rain that were seen before are no longer common. In many cases, the amount of rainfall is hardly enough to meet domestic and industrial use. This has brought about the problem of scarcity of clean water. This problem has been worsened by the increasing population, especially in major cities such as Sydney and Melbourne. The research by Pigram (51) noted that Australia is one of the countries receiving a very high number of immigrants from developing countries. The increasing population is exerting more pressure on the existing resources such as water. A re
Drug trafficking is one of the major security problems that the United States National Security Council has been battling over the past five decades. According to a study by Coyne and Bell (2014), drug traffickers often consider the United States as their main market because of the country’s population and purchasing power. In the 1980s, Columbia became one of the major sources of drugs that came to the United States. Various drug cartels were formed in South America, Asia, and East Europe to facilitate the trade. In most of the cases, these cartels used carrot-and-stick approach when it came to dealing with security agencies both in their home country and in the United States. This illegal trade was very lucrative and it earned the traffickers a lot of money. The traffickers were always willing to share their money with the security agencies as long as they would get the immunity they needed. Warner (2010) says that it was not easy to ignore the offer of these criminals. Corruption in the United States, especially among the security agencies, made it easy for these criminal gangs to thrive. Shanty (2011) notes that the security agencies believed that it would be easy to crash these drug cartels whenever they felt it was necessary, and as such they were comfortable earning extra income from them. However, these cartels grew to become the worst enemies of the security agencies around the world. According to Weintraub and Wood (2010), the drug cartels have their military wing responsible for neutralizing any threat, including law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Currently, the United States is still battling the problem of drug trafficking. This trade not only affects American youths who are addicted to drugs, but also poses serious economic and security threat to this country. Every time a leader of these cartel groups is killed, a new leader emerges to ensure that drug trade continues. In this paper, the researcher will look at the national security threat posed by drug trafficking and what the intelligence community can do to help fight this group. Threats Drug Trafficking Poses to U.S. National Security Threat to Governance According to Weintraub and Wood (2010), one of the biggest threats that drug cartels poses on national security is its Penetration of state institutions through corruption. It is human nature to try and use any means possible to get rich and Americans are no exceptions. The drug cartels in this country use a lot of money to bribe their way into the country’s security system. They often use their influence to get critical intelligence, especially those relating to fighting trade in drugs. Their position and constant demands makes it difficult for those trusted with political offices to govern. A study by Coyne and Bell (2014) found out that it has become almost impossible for the government to fight drug cartels because of their ability to get intelligence ahead of the law enforc
For understandable reasons, the World War II remained the most notorious bloodbath in the 20 th century. However, apart from costing hundreds of millions of soldiers their lives, WWII also produced one of the most atrocious phenomena in the human history, which was the Holocaust (Shaw 78). Started in 1942 and taking place until the end of the war, the Holocaust was the genocide of Jewish people arranged by Hitler and implemented by the Nazi army (Grabowski 257). Even though concentration camps were established before 1942, it was only after the identified date that mass killings of Jews along with the deportation of the survivals to death camps became the official policy of Nazi Germany and was implemented extensively. The outcomes of the Wannsee Conference, during which Hitler’s policy toward Jews, i.e., their complete extermination, was proclaimed as the ultimate goal, can be viewed as the primary reason behind the Holocaust of 1942. To pinpoint the exact date at which the Holocaust started is a rather difficult task because of the convoluted nature of the phenomenon. The anti-Semitic policies of Nazi Germany were established well before the WWII erupted. (Luxenberg-Eisenberg 426). However, it was only after 1942 that the anti-Semitic ideas were heralded as the foundation for the state’s foreign policy and the crucial step toward implementing the Nazi German ideas (Hirschfeld 31). Particularly, the Wannsee Conference held in Berlin should be viewed as the starting point of the Holocaust implementation on a massive scale (Hirschfeld 44). It was during the conference that Reinhard Heydrich ordered that the so-called Endlösung (i.e., the Final Solution) implying the extermination of Jewish people across Europe should be carried out (Luxenberg-Eisenberg 426-428). Therefore, the prejudices against Jewish people that were viewed as the essential philosophy of Nazi Germany served as the reason for the Holocaust to commence. Particu
Introduction According to World Health Organization, the health industry is facing various challenges. The most critical challenge is a shortage of health care personnel such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. This is hindering the health industry to effectively and efficiently rendering its services to society. There are numerous ailments that have been diagnosed over the years and it is vital that these diseases be treated immediately. In the health industry, one of the most pressing issues is nurse shortage. This has an impact on how the patients are assessed, diagnosed and treated. According to AYA Health Care (n.d, p.2), nursing as a profession form the largest proportion of the healthcare industry. As a result, it has the great