ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Given that the movie Night and Fog was released in 1955 barely a decade after the Holocaust happened, it becomes easy to link it with the events of this mass execution of Jews in Germany. Therefore, the various reasons that led to the Holocaust are the key pointers of the general motives or causes of the events that occur in the movie. Anti-Semitism was the key motive behind the Holocaust. Across Europe, Jews were being tagged as ‘intruders’ and thus the best way to deal with them was extermination. In Germany specifically, the political leadership was growing impatient right from the 17 th century. In 1895, Hermann Ahlwardt, a German political leader at the time, openly admitted that Jews were “cholera bacilli…sure candidates for extermination” (Gramel 86). Germans became more and more prejudiced as days passed and Hitler was simply a product of his environment. In 1922, a journalist, Major Joseph Hell, was quoted saying, “Once I really am in power, my first and foremost task will be the annihilation of the Jews” (Fleming 93). This widespread hatred had infiltrated the entire Germany society from politicians through the working class to the ordinary citizens. Therefore, Hitler simply saw an opportunity and exploited it, and thus he ended up realizing the dream of most Germans and Europeans at the time. Such kind of unexplained baseless hatred led to the Holocaust. In the movie, given that it draws heavily from the Holocaust, hatred and prejudice can explain the events that transpire in the short 32-minutes of horror. Another possible reason why such an incidence might happen is the quest to instill fear on one’s enemies. When the Holocaust started, Germany was in a war, which it had started by invading Poland. After the Britain, the Soviet Union, France, and the United States joined forces against German, Hitler perhaps sensed defeat and decided to demonstrate to his enemies what he would do to them by killing people within his jurisdiction. For a long time, the United States had been a sympathizer of the Jews given that the US natives were Jews. Therefore, Hitler might have thought that by hurting the American darlings he would be hurting the United States. Likewise, in the movie, the occurrences might have been fuelled by a miscalculated move to hurt one’s enemy indirectly. The last possible cause of the events in the movie might
Executive Summary The research covered the current state of smart vehicle technology (intelligent vehicle and autonomous vehicle). It shows that the technology is still under development and further research is necessary to improve outcomes and performances. However, it would be difficult to assess and determine the safety and reliability of smart cars because such tests require more time and miles to accomplish, which are simply impossible to attain. Meanwhile, uncertainties about smart vehicle technology will persist, but the superiority of the technology over average human drivers will ultimately determine smart vehicle usability as an alternative. An Overview of Smart Vehicle Technology In this technology research paper, autonomous vehicle (AV) and intelligent vehicle technology have been classified under smart vehicle technologies. Smart vehicle technology provides the opportunity of significantly transforming transportation. It is observed that installing this technology in the vehicle is most likely to lessen cases of auto crash, energy use, emission, and reduction of costs associated with owning a vehicle. Smart vehicle technology can easily be understood under the five-part continuum developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), with superior benefits of technology delivered at the next level of classification (Anderson et al., 2016). When the human driver has absolute control over the vehicle, then this is level 0. Level 1 is characterized by the automation of a single function. Level 2 is based on multiple automation of several functions, but the human driver is required to stay alert at all times (Anderson et al., 2016). In level 3, there is adequate automation of driving activities to allow the driver to perform other different roles safely (Anderson et al., 2016). In level 4, the technology allows the car to drive itself without the involvement of a driver (Koopman & Wagner, 2016). Purpose The purpose of this research paper was to evaluate the emergence of the smart vehicle in society, its safety and reliability issues, and potential system hacking and faltering that could emanate from software
The life of an international student is filled with new experiences, which at first may seem alluring, yet soon turns out to be devastatingly tedious. Because of the necessity to learn a new language and at the same time retain their national identity and culture, international students at the Cape Breton University have to face a range of challenges. The situation becomes even more complicated as the students decide to have their own families and raise their own children. Although combining studying and childrearing is especially hard for the students that are not the native speakers of English and, therefore, will have issues with understanding and learning the course material under the pressure of grades, by introducing the principles of code switching and developing communicative flexibility, the CBU students will be able to tackle the possible studying issues. In addition, practicing the principles of code switching at home with the members of their own families will help such students train their skills and raise their children as bilinguals. Code switching is an important skill that the CBU international students have to master in order to be able to learn new information swiftly and process it efficiently. There is no secret that, with their new family life, international students will not be able to spend as much time to prepare for their lessons as they used to when they were single. Hence, the need to reconsider the entire studying process emerges. Another obvious issue that international students at the Cape Breton University often face when creating a family to care for is the drastic lack of time. As it has been stressed above, these students will have to take up a whole new lot of responsibilities, which are most likely to consume their time to a great extent. Thus, the principles of time management will have to be reconsidered. However, the language related issues seem to be the key concern for international students raising children, especially at the university that is as demanding as the Cape Bristol one. As it has been stressed, the students should analyze the key principles of code switching and use them when having to speak English, particularly at the University. More importantly, it is crucial that the students should practice code switching even when leaving the realm of the University and communicating to their family members. On the one hand, the process of code switching should not be hindered by any obstacles once the students dive into the realm of the Cape Breton University. Indeed, all of the university staff speaks English, and all lecture materials are supplied in English. However, when it comes to the communication between students, the issue becomes more complicated than one may have thought it to be. Seeing how the CBU has recently gained the status of the Canadian university with the greatest percentage of international students in it, it will be too optimistic to expect that the students are not going to group according to their ethnicity and communicate in their native language. Hence, the communication between
Targeting, Universalism, and Single-Mother Poverty: A Multilevel Analysis across 18 Affluent Democracies The article investigates the role of individual factors and targeted universal social policy that addresses the poverty of single mothers. Multilevel analysis is incorporated in the research where the investigation was conducted across 18 prosperous Western democracies. The women, who participated in the study, aged 18-54, were neither living with a spouse nor married. All of them had children. The researchers discovered that both social policy and individual characteristics define the poverty of single mothers. From the analysis, single mothers getting financial support from other adults within the household are not necessarily poor. The other conclusion is that targeted social policy is less effective compared to social policy. The results of the study are not new at all. Single mothers with children are poor compared to their married counterparts. Single mothers find it difficult to raise children because of financial constraints arising from only one source of income. If there is a secondary source of income for any single mother, then the expenses of the house reduce increased income. Conducting a study to show that comprehensive, generous, and universal welfare states reduce the poverty of single mothers is giving proof of the same, but not issuing new information. The article is well written. The research is adequate and comprehensively conducted. Research whose sample space spans 18 affluent Western countries is a thorough one. The use of both qualitative and quantitative analysis contributes to the worth of this article. Statistical methods have been used to analyze the data while conducting the research. Statistical methods ensure that the results of the research are accurate. In summary, this research is conducted on a professional level, making it a scholarly source for future reference. Following Families: Working Lone-Mother Families and their Children The article investigates the experiences of single mothers and their children as they seek financial security. It aims to provide an understanding of the way circumstances of families and factors of the labor market combine with time to develop certain poverty outcomes. The sample spaces used for the research included fifty single mothers and their children residing in the United Kingdom. There were a total of 61 children. The single mothers studied in the research had left income support and were working sixteen hours per week. The researchers noticed that within two years, the l
Introduction Due to the rapid development of technological achievements computers became an inalienable part of the educational process. Still, using a computer for different educational purposes does not always demonstrate its value in practice. Many experts argue that there is no difference between the educational level of students of high school who used computers and different software is quite the same as the level of students who did not handle any technological facilities during education. However, other experts argue that the benefit of computer usage in high school is just the question of the nearest future. There are various aspects students may master with the help of computers which were unachievable several decades ago. All teachers of Saudi Arabia should be informed about the necessity, inevitability, and benefit of computers and technological achievements introduction to the contemporary system of education. The researcher chooses the students who study in the high school stage to investigate the issue of computer usage in high schools Physics classrooms in Saudi Arabia because different computer software is highly beneficial for high school students in the aspect of Physics learning. High school students achieved basic knowledge and skills in previous stages of education. That is why computer application will be an inalienable part of education. The researcher wants to investigate the process of computer introduction into the high school Physics classroom in Saudi Arabia. The researcher highlights the necessity of computer application during Physics classes which would be beneficial for students taking into account different aspects of the field of science. Physics is developing science, and what was a breakthrough many years ago, is an outdated thing. Computer help students on high school level comprehend and develop their skills in the sphere of outdated and new achievements in the sphere of Physics. Moreover, computers help model and display various physical phenomena, which is impossible from the point of view of the common environment. Background Speaking about computers introduced into the educational process, technological achievements became a part of education on different stages in many countries all over the world. Computer generation in high schools of European and western countries began about thirty years ago. While in Saudi Arabia application of computers and teaching of computer skills commenced in the 90s of the last century. The main difficulty of computers introducing into the schools of Saudi Arabia is the question of changing the whole system of education. Nowadays there is the problem of training teachers to use computers during lessons. On the one hand, teachers have to know the basic principles of computer usage. On the other hand, teachers have to master different software wh
Background of the study This section of the research focuses on the summary of the literature review. Generally, the importance of a wide range of reviews cannot be neglected, as a proper analysis of numerous issues depends upon a variety of researches which were conducted earlier (Krippendorff, 2004). The current theme is considered to be of particular concern, as it was proven that a number of cultural standards affect students’ academic performance. As far as cultural standards in 9-12th grade social science curriculum can bring about positive consequences in relation to educational reforms, it becomes evident that the standards also affect the whole education system. The current study should be pursued in order to encourage students to be more responsible in relation to the process of education. Furthermore, as far as the project promotes a wide range of social issues, including race and ethnicity, one can probably state that the present study is rather significant to encourage equity in the education sector. The process of cultural diversity promotion seems to be speeded up by the cultural standards. For this reason, the study is recognized to be significant for both – ethnic minorities and indigenous population. On the other hand, keeping in mind a variety of areas of education the standards can be applied to, one can conclude that the current study is extremely important for all the participants of educational processes. The research has been guided by the critical race theory, whereby the subject of the research has been investigated and subsequently categorized (Gorski, 2010). In considering the subject of the research, the interactive aspects of education has been addressed. This has focused on the Latino and African American students and their respective cultural backgrounds (Crenshaw, 2009). The findings gathered from previous research form the foundation of a research. The main way in which a researcher can conduct reliable research is by considering the various researches that have been conducted in the past. In addition, the gaps in the research conducted by various people should be identified. The search is geared towards finding a unifying point or a point of departure (Creswell, 2009). At this point, the researcher focuses on different gaps that the past research has failed to address. At a certain point, the researcher takes time to compare and contrast the nature of research conducted in the past. The greatest caution is not to copy the past research because past research could have been marred by inaccuracies. In this case, it may lead to a misleading conclusion (Brush & Haynes, 2010). Curriculum reform in social sciences among the 9-12 graders is important because it forms a major step in eliminating the societal discrimination, whereby many curriculums have been dominated by Eurocentric tendencies (Creswell, 2009). The role of social sciences in curriculum reforms cannot be underestimated, especially at a time when race is being rated as one of the leading factors in facilitating inequities within the society. The interlinking of property ownership
A system is a group of interrelated parts that form a unified whole for a specific purpose. The system’s definition underlines the dependence of the parts of a system as its essential characteristic. The collection of elements that are not united by a specific purpose and do not function in an interdependent way cannot be called a system. Integrity holds the elements together and makes the system work. It allows the system to maintain stability and ensure continuous operation. Such intricate work of one single body makes the process of analyzing it much more challenging. Various processes and relationships are needed to be taken into account to maintain the stability of a system. The most effective systemic approach to analyzing the parts of the system and their integration is systems thinking. Systems Thinking Definition Systems thinking is an approach to system analysis based on the interconnectedness of the elements in a system. It states that the component of the system acts differently in and out of the system. The connection with other elements determines the work processes of the system. Thus, system thinking requires examining the interactions and linkages between the component parts of a system. It encourages to explore the inter-relationships, perspectives, and boundaries in a system (MacLachlan & Scherer, 2018). Inter-relationships are perceived through the context and connections between the elements of a system. Perspectives are formed as each actor has one’s own perception of the current situation. The systems thinking approach was created by an MIT professor Jay Forrester in 1956 (Leveson, 2016). He felt the need for an analytical tool to be implemented to analyze the social systems as in engineering. It was especially relevant for testing new ideas and predicting their effectiveness. Professor Forrester wanted to make an understanding of social systems more accessible and explicit to improve the systems’ understanding of social processes just as engineering principles. He established the similarity between social and mechanical systems and based the approach on their connection. However, it is still fundamentally different from the traditional analysis that focuses on separating the components and analyzing them exclusively. On the contrary, systems thinking deals with connecting the set of elements and expanding from individual parts to the extensive interactions. Systems thinking presents merely the way of seeing and analyzing a system to influence its quality or work. From the layperson’s perspective, systems thinking can be regarded as a type of perspective on a particular concept. It offers a range of tools and techniques for measuring and analyzing a system’s work and overall effectivity (Swanson et al., 2012). The systems thinking approach can be divided into four categories of making distinctions, organizing ideas in part and wholes, identifying the relationships between the parts, and taking perspectives. The Effectiveness and Drawbacks of Systems Thinking Systems thinking proves to be useful for analyzing complex systems of many elements, perspectives, and i
Abstract Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory presents an analysis human self – development, adaptation and change from a human action perspective and presents the notion that individuals have an ability to exercise some measure of control over their thought processes, motivations, affects and actions through the workings of their personal agency. Self – efficacy, which can be translated somewhat loosely into a layman’s language as being confidence has an influence on the ability of individuals to achieve even prior to the time when individuals commence their struggle to achieve a desirable goal. This laboratory report presents an examination of Bandura’s views on self – efficacy through the analysis of a data set related to the levels of self – efficacy and performance discrepancy amongst 131 students who are studying statistics at the college level. Results indicate that the analysis of the data set broadly supports Albert Bandura’s theories on self – efficacy. Declaration I hereby certify that, except where cited in the text, this laboratory report is the result of the research carried out by the author of this report. The main content of the laboratory report which has been presented contains original data that was collected by the author. _____________________________________________ (Name and Signature of Author) This laboratory report is submitted in fulfilment for the requirements related to practical data collection and analysis associated with self efficacy amongst students studying statistics. Introduction According to Albert Bandura, the pioneering psychologist who researched the topic, self – efficacy can be defined as “the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations (McKeena, 2007, Part 2). The concept of self – efficacy is an important component of Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory (Wikipedia, 2007, “Social Cognitive Theory”). It has been asserted by Bandura that the personal beliefs which an individual has about self – efficacy for some task or goal influences their action, effort, perseverance, resiliency to adversity and the realisation of goals that are associated with the efforts that they put into the accomplishing a task or achieving a goal. This means that the beliefs that an individual has about their capability have an impact on any outcomes before any action for the achievement of a goal or the performance of a task has occurred. Although Bandura accepts that the influences of the environment, interpersonal factors and behaviours do influence the manner in which a human functions, an increase in perceived self – efficacy can influence the likelihood of success in the accomplishment of a task or the achievement of a goal. Some of the factors that do influence the sense of self – efficacy which an individual has about their ability in something is often influenced by performance accomplishments, verbal persuasion, emotional arousal and experiences that an indi
Introduction This report seeks to offer an evaluation of the Sweet Tooth Ltd. case as the company’s owner, Jeffrey, is planning to expand the business. The report touches on the essentials for business planning, including the purpose of a business plan and a cash flow statement (Epstein 2012). It considers the relationship of the business with its partners, who include suppliers and financial institutions. It also considers the fundamental issues for managing business growth and operations. Moreover, the report highlights the shortcomings of the plan created by Jeffrey on the expansion of Sweet Tooth Ltd to serve the Central London market. The company evaluated in the report is considering an expansion of its factory in Portsmouth to manage an expected increase in the demand for its sweets and chocolate, as well as ice cream, cakes, and desserts that it will make after expanding the factory. Role of accurate financial information in the decision-making process in Sweet Tooth Ltd A business must keep accurate and timely records if it wants to make an evaluation of its performance. Accurate financial information will help the business to monitor its success and failures using monetary values as the benchmark for evaluation. Accurate records will make it easier for Sweet Tooth Ltd to know the positive and negative impacts of its decisions for expansion. The essence of running the business is to ensure that all opportunities are captured, strengths are increased, and weaknesses of the businesses are decreased (Lee 2011). The business will also have to avoid threats in its operating market. Accurate financial information highlights the effects of risks facing the business and provides a rational outlook of opportunities. The business can then make informed decisions about the pros of one choice over its cons. It can become an efficient operator