ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The science called Urban Anthropology is a very young branch of anthropology. Its birth is dated by the 1960 – 1970ss when the problem of urbanization became especially burning in the western societies. Urban Anthropology deals with the problem of immense urban expansion which troubles the majority of the countries in the world. Especially vividly this issue is observed in the developing countries like Mexico, China, India and some others where the standard of living does not match the growth of population and its migration to large cities from rural areas. Highly-developed countries like Great Britain, USA, France and some other also face the problem of urban areas expansion but in these regions this issue is conditioned by different reasons. We are going to explore the reasons and the ways the urbanization process develops and try to see the whole picture of the problem we are dealing with in the current research paper. We are going to examine the issue of urbanization using specific examples and data from the topic-oriented literature in order to make the essay more specific and informative. So, to sta
Mental health is a broad term that covers all aspects of psychological factors that may affect a person’s wellbeing. They include personality disorders, depression, substance abuse schizophrenia, epilepsy, dementia, alcohol dependence and others. They constitute a large portion of about 13 percent of the global burden of diseases. Mental health covers a dimension of a person’s welfare or on the reverse side lack of such welfare and it is not linked to other common outcome indicators such as income, expenditure, or poverty. It is believed that mental health as an outcome should be given some more consideration by policymakers and researchers. A study carried out by Das et al (2009) indicates that there is no connection between mental health and economic status. In the study carried out across five developing countries, there was no correlation noted between mental health status and poverty. Generally, happiness may be a part of or a contributor to mental health. Happiness is not based on income level. According to Stevenson and Wolfers, (2008) the relationship between income and satisfaction in life is yet to be seen. It is debatable and this means that there is no proof of mental health being related
Executive Summary The main aim of writing this paper is to carry out an examination of a juvenile delinquent in order to understand what pushes them into doing the act and applicable solutions which can be applied to correct the person. The behavior of the person will be compared to one of the theories used in explaining crimes. The next section will give a brief introduction of the person involved. The behavior of the person will be studied as well as the consequences which arise from his antisocial behavior. The papers will examine reasons as to why the person engages in crimes. This is because some people are pushed by circumstances to engage in criminal activities. In addition, the person’s relationship with their colleagues will be examined. Whether they engage in criminal activities alone or in company of other people is a matter of concern. How and when they carry out their operations, what are some of the antisocial behaviors which they engage in. In order to maintain privacy, the first name of the person am conducting the study on will be used. This will make it difficult for other people to identify him. In conclusion, I will discuss the effects that environment, family and community have on the individual and how they have contributed to their immoral behavior. Introduction The act of engaging in crime for young people (juveniles) between a certain age limit usually ten to fifteen years is known as juvenile delinquency. However, the age limit varies from one state to another. Many countries throughout the world have well established legal procedures of dealing with youths who commit crimes. For instance, many countries have established youth detention centers in which rehabilitation programs are offered to help the youth change their behavior. It is in these courts that their cases are heard. The court system for the youths is different from that of adults. Many factors contribute to youths going against expectations of the society (Hagan, 2010). The effects of antisocial behavior among the youths are felt by individual people as well as the larger society. The society should therefore ensure that youths are brought up in the best way to avoid conflicts arising in the society. This can be achieved by ensuring that the society has well established rules and all people adhere to them. The media is very attentive in displaying crimes committed by youth’s. Morality levels and maintenance of law and order in a country is determined by the rate at which youths commit crimes. A high level of crime is an indication that immorality is high and law and order in the society is not maintained. Juvenile delinquency should be highly controlled because it would increase the rate of crimes in the future. This is because most of the adult criminals started their behavior during their early stages of life. Acts committed by juveniles are crimes when performed by adults. This paper will focus of factors that contribute to delinquency behavior among the youths (Wilson, Gottfredson & Stickle, 2009). Introduction of the Person The s
Traditional Japanese wedding ceremonies are some of the most beautiful events in the country. The purpose of this research is to learn what a traditional Japanese Wedding ceremony entails and to explore its influences and roots in the perspective of the historical, cultural and social peculiarities of the Japanese society. This involves the scale of culture, role of tradition, natural resources, traditions and dress code, and the religion and rituals. In addition, the research aims at explaining the origin of the wedding attires and their attributes for both the bride and groom. Other factors that will be discussed include the detailed description of courtship in Japan, and both the wedding and engagement customs. The paper is also focused at finding out the influence of Japanese traditional dress on other cultures. Japanese Society In the Japanese society, traditions and norms are strictly followed. The Japanese dressing code and traditions make this country differ from all other countries of the world (Heapy 37). The Japanese cultural and religious traditions play a key role during the wedding ceremonies. In Japan, the course of the wedding ceremony starting with the engagement is based on a fixed set of rules and customs. Each ritual has its importance and meaning to the society. The festivities are greatly influenced by social statuses of the brined and groom. Even in the modern days the power of old customs is very big. This is why the contemporary Japanese young people traditionally seek for the help of the third party to introduce them to each other. It is interesting to observe how in one of the most highly developed and futuristic countries of the world the rules of the old times are respected and carefully followed. This happens because the meaning of reputation and honor is crucial for the Japanese men and women. This way sticking to the traditions is not viewed as an old-fashioned behavior, but as a noble and respectable practice. Some of the patterns of the traditional Japanese wedding are very symbolic, they are designed to demonstrate the strong connection with the past as in the Japanese society remembering the rules of the forefathers is very important. Scale of Culture For a long time Japanese culture had been based on patriarchal relationships between men and women. This is currently reflected in the rules and rituals of the Japanese weddings in a variety of ways. The ancient symbol of childbirth and fertility fill the engagement ceremony, the colors and patterns of the bridal attires demonstrate the woman’s transformation from a daughter, to a young lady, and then to a wife and a future mother. Cultural pressure also makes many women of Japan seek marriage in their
A 35-years old male respondent suffering from depression was interviewed. The person reported manifestation of such behaviors like nervousness when interacting with his bosses and irritability at the slightest misunderstanding when interacting with his colleagues at the workplace. The employee also reported physical discomfort like frequent headaches. According to the employee, since he started experiencing these symptoms, he has become aimless, passive, and has received several caution letters from his bosses because of poor performance. The employee reported that depression had affected his productivity and relationships at work. For instance, the respondent has lost 27 working days during the year as a sick leave and others working on delayed reports and figuring out the source of loopholes in a project he was managing. The respondent reported that his mental and physical state had forced him to take other people’s blames and suffer unfairly because he believed that he had contributed to their poor performance through poor representation and management of the project. In the project, supervisors and managers are expected to do much work within a short period of time, and some individuals are required to do more work than their colleagues. Because of financial strains and short duration, the project is expected to be completed. Job stress is a negative emotional and physical response resulting from work requirements that are not equivalent to ability, needs, and resources at the disposal of an individual at the workplace. The managers of the project experience unhealthy and undesirable challenges and responsibilities that are unachievable in the long run. In addition, workers experience exhaustion because of high job demands. The project delegates huge workload to employees because individual roles and responsibilities have not been clearly defined, thus resulting to conflicting expectations and confusion. The project assigns defined tasks to employees on a daily basis. Workers and their supervisors are expected to remain at their sites for a predefined period, and this limits flexibility, rest, and personal initiative that affect positive outcomes of the project. Conditions like the lack of rest breaks, working long hours and fixed routines fail to contribute to the development of the staffs’ skills and innovativeness and deny the staff an opportunity to exercise self control and initiative. A management style that does not involve employees in the decision-making process and has a poor communication between the junior staff and executives is likely to cause stress among the employees. In addition, formul
Introduction Multicultural education is an emerging discipline in education that is designed to provide equal opportunities to students from diverse ethnic groups, nationality, social-class, and culture. The concept seeks to develop an education system that enables the students to learn in a pluralistic society that embraces their diversity. Over the past decade, scholars have reviewed the effectiveness of implementing multicultural education in different nations. There are emerging concerns about the effectiveness of the approach. While some scholars believe that multicultural education fosters oppression, others share the sentiment that is influencing the development of freedom. This paper looks into multicultural education with a focus on its effectiveness in fostering freedom or oppression. Merits of multicultural education The main goal of developing the multicultural education system in developed nations like the United States is to provide an environment that accommodates all the members of the society despite their differences. Multicultural education provides a unique opportunity for the minority in a society to access the same opportunities as the majority ethnic groups. With the current state of globalization, people from different nations, ethnic backgrounds, and cultural beliefs settle in the same areas, and they have to access the same social amenities. This has influenced the authorities in the areas to develop rules that accommodate the beliefs of the different people. Education facilities have pioneered the accommodation of cultural diversity through the elimination of discrimination and racism in their facilities. Curriculums are shaped in a manner that provides fairness in learning. The system focuses on curriculums and rules that influence reflection on positive social changes (Jay, 2003). Implementation Despite the many years that multicultural education has been theoretically present in the curriculum, there is yet to be substantial evidence of its implementation. Many institutions still have multicultural education in the planning process; thus, the intended goals of the concept are yet to be achieved (Jay, 2003). Part of the reason that has led to the slow development of multicultural education in institutions is the complication of transitional process from the traditional mainstream knowledge. It is apparent that the level of school dropouts in the education system is still affecting the minority in the society. This has specifically affected the Latino and Hispanic groups in the American society. Developing multicultural education does not solve the underlying issues in the society. This failure is one of the challenges that must be met to influence higher attendance of school by the minority ethnic groups. Social justice issues still prevail in the American education system. This problem hinders the implementation of the multicultural education ideas. It is apparent that equality in the education system is yet to be attained despite the claims that most of the institutions have already implemented multicultural education (Khan, 2008). Conclu
Through the years, people work and meet certain social obligations. That is the way the society we live in treats people as the product of the latter from one hand and obtaining, no doubt, knowledge, means to dwell, working skills and certainly, as a result of all formerly mentioned aspects, professionalism from the other. Different social fields need different specific education and experience. But can any education become experienced? If the experience is the notion of being got only through work and constant practice, then the work and practice have to be based on some knowledge. And knowledge is a matter of education. Professional educations vary from field to field of their application. Some of them need much time to learn, some do much less, but still, the issue to define this or that profession is the experience and, as a result, professionalism. Many arguments are hard to differentiate between whether professionalism is a body of beliefs or it is the issue resulting from the practices of occupation. Medicine is the policy of the state matter. And definitely, it should meet definite and concrete social obligations entrusted. And referring to Parson’s 1930 research, professions are structured by the social issues they are joined to. But passing through the years, one interesting aspect is emerging to worry about. If medicine is bordering on the edge of getting profit-oriented, then what is the way of the representatives of this profession. And the answer is apparent: the physicians are to become corporate officers. The tendency is up to this, but what makes a positive aspect of this tendency? Health is a matter of society and of the state, of course. But there is one more factor affecting, or better to say forwarding the recovery is the power. It is not just some aspect of belief or another religious point. It is the turning point in the process of recovery. The power is the societal response to the disease, with its social aspect. Medicine as a science can be and is shared into two massive parts: one, examining the illness, giving the prescription and guiding the process of the recovery and the other, giving aid during the process of recovery. And from this point of view, the prominence of nursing is evident. One is not allowed to prescribe or to give any recovery instructions to a sick person unless he is qualified personnel, a physician. And what’s more, the physician must be an experienced one and a professional in his field. Passing through the years, the medical profession has become professional dominant. It has got widely implemented through probably political aspects. It is a natural process when the group of professionals tries to concentrate their efforts on approaching professional results, lobbying it politically or in some other way. “It is clear that with the doctor glut, and the obsession with cost containment, physicians will, like other workers in their time and place, have to try to organize to protect their self-interest, and such rights must be protected” (Wolfe, 11). But medical professional dominance a
This week I have encountered a familiar patient to my office, who was an elderly (60 years of age) Spanish male. His history of diseases included colon cancer, hypertension, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), indicating the potential for severe digestive tract complications. He reported abdominal pain and watery black stool, with the first instance occurring during the previous night. The patient was distressed by the symptoms and relayed a dangerous frequency to the event, with over 10 separate episodes occurring since the first incident. Due to his history of cancer, the patient was requested to undergo colonoscopy every half a year, with the last visit being 6 months ago. Physical assessment data for the patient was as follows: B/P is 80/55 P 100 RR 15 T97.7F and 02 SAT on RA is 95%. Another examination discovered the symptoms associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient was hospitalized in order to determine the causes of the issue. This scenario was relatively straight-forward in application and in line with my short-term goals of learning more about working with elderly populations and implementing my skills in various healthcare settings (Buppert, 2018). It was also beneficial to my strengths of seeking opportunities for self-improvement, which was why I was eager to deliver the highest standard of care for the patient (Thomas et al., 2012). As it stands, we are waiting for the results of the detailed examination of the samples, in order to determine the reason for bleeding. It is possible that the symptoms observed on that day are caused by a much greater healthcare issue, such as re-emerging colon cancer or even an entirely different gastrointestinal disease (Benson et al., 2017). It is likely for the patient to remain hospitalized in the foreseeable future.
Haughton (1) is of the view that community must be involved in any form of development. It ought to be at the center of focus in making regional and local strategies. CED is a well known and holistic approach that focuses on environmental, social and economic improvements. Most importantly, it integrates community members in their own development and seeks to elicit tacit knowledge from them. Community members are well placed to handle issues affecting them. One of these is when disasters strike. For example, in facing Hurricane issue, the concerned communities should be integrated in strategizing how to combat it. The following is a plan on how best to use communities to solve the problem. In Community Economic Development, informal activities are used as means of uplifting the livelihoods of deprived persons. Haughton (1) writes that informal economic activities act as boosters for members to sustain themselves. In disaster management, informal activities can offer means for the affected persons to start their economic development all over again. For a case like the Hurricane issue, organizations and interested parties can identify some economic activities that suit the region and the people. Haughton (1) is of the opinion that informal activities are not preserves of rural persons alone, as it can also apply to city residents. Therefore, organizations ought to invest in starting up small businesses like fishing and retail shops among others for the affected persons. However, it is always important to involve education on how best to turn around by use of these small businesses. Haughton (1) points out that starting of local enterprises has for long been identified as a crucial policy in combating unemployment. When disasters strike, the affected persons are deprived off everything they had. A disaster such as hurricane swallows all of the economic assets the people may have. For this therefore, one strategic thing to do so as to uplift the persons is to boost some local enterprises. This could act as a strategy for economic regeneration for the people who have been left totally deprived. Most importantly, investing in local enterprise is a means of involving the community members to develop their own areas. In disaster management, this method is used to give the affected people power to develop with little assistance. Pittman et al. (2) assert that deprived people do not have full capacity to identify opportunities for themselves. It is therefore crucial that interested organizations assist p