ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Existentialism is a philosophy that underscores a small amount of main points, for example, the liberty to decide and the decisions one adopts which should be self-willed so that external influences or forces in forms of friends, associates or stakeholders have no impact on one’s choices. The individual must recognize and realize that he/she has the responsibilities and obligations to embrace the consequences of his/her decisions made as result of his or her own experience in as far as life is concerned. These are some of the aspects of existentialism. Discussion Meursault is infamous as an existentialist. The story of Meursault describes that he murdered an Arab using a gun while they were picnicking on a beach. The reactions, moods and behaviors of Meursault, as a consequence of this murder, clearly depict him as an existentialist who was in despair. Meursault’s earlier life, before he was finally executed, is characterized by carelessness, ignorance, irresponsibility and absence of any goals or reasons in life. On one occasion, he was betrothed to a young girl though having no serious feelings to that person. In prison, after being arrested because of the murder of the Arab, he displayed indifferent attitude towards his beloved one. Similarly, when his mother died during the same period when he was in prison, he did not care. Again, the consequences surrounding the outcome of his sentence because of the murder case never bothered Meursault. When a prisoner gets a death experience, a person discovers that death cannot be cheated, thus one recollects the whole life. This is a fact that applies to all mankind. On the road to recovery, there exists the need to acknowledge the illogical and to accept that death is indeed inevitable. IT may be strange though the universal nature of death gives many a purpose to live. It presents a need to love and be compassionate to the others who share the same fate. The moral guidelines of society are derived from these feelings. The Stranger is a book on Meursault’s development on his road to recovery. At the beginning of the book, the author describes Meursault’s remorse over his mother’s death because he does not comprehend the concept of death. However, after the murder of the Arab, he realizes and concedes his own lack of purpose in life and looming death. While in prison, he gradually discovers that the life he lived was not empty. He misses the some small things, such as to smoke and enjoy other life-related pleasures. The things which seemed to have no meaning now appear very important to him. Mersault embarks on a journey to search for purpose in his life and ends up inventing the one. Despite trying to explain his actions to the magistrate, Mersault does not absolutely decline the exi
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are able to provide banking services to populations who were previously considered “unbankable” due to factors such as low transaction costs, close proximity to traditional clients, and ability to pool resources together with the view to spreading risks for the borrower and the lender (Hailu par. 1-4). As suggested by this author, MFIs maintain low transaction costs in terms of opening bank accounts, over-the-counter transactions, loan access and loan repayment regime, thereby ensuring that the poor in rural and urban areas are included in the financial services sector. In maintaining proximity, it is known that most conventional banking institutions in the developing economies are located far away from towns and villages and the transport costs required to access them may be unaffordable for most poor people (Hailu 3). As such, MFIs have stepped in to provide the much needed financial services to people in their villages and neighborhoods. Additionally, MFIs can provide banking services to people who were previously considered previously “unbankable” due to deployment of structural and operational platforms that depart substantially from the way business is conducted in conventional banks. For example, most MFIs use traditional networks and peer reviews that are predicated on trusting relationships of borrowing groups to determine the creditworthiness of potential borrows (Hailu 4). This implies that loans are secured through joint liability and no collateral is needed for individual borrowers to access loans apart from their membership to a particular group. When a member of a particular group fails to repay the advanced loan, other group members are collectively held responsible in line with the principle of spreading risks for the borrower and the lender. Expanding MFI Sector & Economic Development of a Developing Country The MFI sector plays a significant role of empowering the poor in rural and urban areas of a developing country to access a platform where they can pool their meager incomes and assist each other to grow by starting small enterprises. Available scholarship reports that, although most people in the developing economies earn less than US$ 1 a day, the evolving MFI sector has facilitated extension of credit to this group of the population and therefore contributing to the economic development of these countries (Hailu 6). MFIs also play a significant role in spurring the economic development of a developing country as they often contribute to the formalization of the informal sector by ensuring that small enterprises are able to access cheap loans and other financial services which cannot be guaranteed by the conventional banking sector (Hailu 9). Providing such services is the right way to go in the realization of economic development, as most of the people in developing countries are employed in the informal sector and most economies in these countries are supported by proceeds from the informal sector. Finally, it is documented that there exists minimal evidence to show that access to financial services is the silver bullet to
The literature review focuses on exploring the effects of social isolation and loneliness on older adults and finding the factors contributing to these states. Overall, it is possible to say that the paper achieves its purpose and has numerous advantages that make it good research. In paragraph number one, the author provides the thesis statement formulated in the first sentence and introduces the issue to the readers by defining both loneliness and social isolation and talking about several negative complications. The strong introduction that gives the background of the topic is the main advantage of this paper. The author also lists a number of factors contributing to the development of these states, including the loss of friends or family, living alone, hearing problems, and chronic illnesses. The second paragraph is devoted to the discussion of possible complications like the risk of premature death, obesity, dementia, depression, anxiety, and other issues. It also provides a consistent explanation of how exactly older adults can get their social support system reduced. In the following paragraph, the main point is that the increasing prevalence of the nuclear family and reduced communication with family members and neighbors or the community are the three factors that isolate elderly people. Maintaining high-quality relationships may reduce the risk of older adults developing these conditions and protect their brains from the impacts of loneliness. However, one intervention is not enough, and it would make the paper stronger if the author mentioned whether there are any other methods. Finally, in the last paragraph, the author talks about the frequency of isolation in female and male elderly diabetic patients or patients of different ages. Overall, the paper seems professional and strong, but several improvements are required. First of all, the manuscript needs significant editing for writing quality and language as it has numerous grammatical and punctuation errors. Further, not all authors indicated in the reference list are also mentioned in the paper. As for the content of the literature review, it would be better to add some information (which was stated above) and make the paper more organized by providing headings for subsections and avoiding repetition. These improvements should increase the level and quality of the literature review.
Conflicts are an integral part of any process that implies the close interaction between members of a certain team. The difference in mentalities, points of view, and believes might result in the initiation of vigorous discussion around a certain controversial issue. However, resting on my own experience, I should say that conflicts are the crucial element of progress and innovations. When arguing, people try to provide the solid ground for their pleas. Very often they use the information and data that could promote the appearance of a new and significant perspective on a matter of dispute. The exploration of this approach could contribute to the increased efficiency of a certain issue or contribute to better final outcomes. In this regard, I am sure that in case there are no signs of progress, a conflict might be initiated to renew the interest towards a certain issue and inspire all members of a team and engage them in the discussion process. Furthermore, the functioning of the health care sector and delivery of high-quality medical care could hardly be imagined without any disputable situation that appears because of the complex character of a case. Altogether, conflicts are obviously the main force that introduces significant changes and helps to find new approaches.
Ethnicity on Ghanaian Elections In developed states, it is assumed that individuals base their electoral decision on rationality, and as such, they select their political leaders based on their ideologies, as well as the goals and objectives that they are to achieve. In developing states, on the other hand, the voting behavior of an individual is highly determined by tribalism and ethnicity. It is a result of this fact that the electoral process of most African states is usually regarded as an ethnic census. However, there are African states such as Ghana whose voting patterns are not entirely determined by ethnicity. This paper will thus critically analyze the election trends of Ghana since 1992 to determine whether ethnicity is the key determinant of electoral trends. Ethnicity and Political Environment in Ghana Like many African nations, Ghana is made up of numerous ethnic group that can be subdivided into the following 5 major groups: Ethnic Group  Composition (%) Akan          44              Mole-Dagbani  15.9            Ewe           13              Ga-Dangme     3.7             Gume          3.5             The Rest      11.5             Even though there are regions that comprise a high proportion of one ethnic group, there is no region in Ghana that is ethnically homogenous. After the 1992 referendum in Ghana, a new constitution was enacted that has played a critical role in discouraging and eliminating ethnicity in Ghanaian politics. For instance, it is a mandatory requirement for all political parties to develop a national character. Parties are also not expected to base their membership on ethnic, religious, or regional affiliations. Political parties are also expected to have branches in every region of the state, and at the same time, their committees should comprise of members from all the regions of the nation. These are key provisions as they ensure that the support of political parties come from all the regions of the state. Furthermore, these provisions also ensure that the visions, goals, and objectives of political parties have a national interest and not the interests of specific groups or regions. Historically, the foundation of political parties in Ghana was based on factors other than ethnicity. For instance, the United Gold Coast Convention (UGGC) founded in 1947 aimed at emulating westernized ideology in a bid on ensuring that control of the government is under the people of Ghana through legal and constitutional means. This party was mainly comprised of businessmen, merchants, and intellectuals. Founded in 1949 was the Convention People’s Party (CPP) that was led by Kwame Nkurumah in a bid to fight for the rights of workers, women, and students in the nation. From a critical point of view, it is evident that the main purpose of the early political parties was first to ensure that Ghana is an independent and sovereign state in addition to achieving political, economic, and social stability. It is as a result of lack of achieving these goals that this nation has experienced four successful military coupes and rules under one-party until when the constitut
Introduction Cross-Cultural Servanthood: Serving the World in Christlike Humility by Duane Elmer is a book that integrates social science research, the Scripture, and cultural perspectives to discuss servanthood in cross-cultural settings. The author divides the book into three parts: the first part identifies the need to serve people; the second part focuses on its basic principles, and the third part examines leadership and power. The main goal of this book is to provide an in-depth understanding of challenges and possible solutions that can be applied to Christian cross-cultural servanthood. Main body Openness is identified by Elmer as the first concept of servanthood, which implies the ability to welcome people regardless of their cultural background. It is important to stress that openness is not considered as a personality feature but as a skill that can be developed by Christians. The avoidance of any categorizations allows for preventing the automatic responses to judge others. Jesus called people to remember that despite their weaknesses, He “have set before you an open door, which no one can shut. I know that you have but little power, and yet you have kept my word and have not denied my name” (Revelation 3:8). Acceptance is one more principle that should guide those who want to serve, and it flows from openness to different cultures. Since God accepts all the people, it is essential to combat ethnocentrism and learn languages to understand others: “Most of life is a matter of nonessential differences”. For example, when a person faces a behavior that is not famous to him or her, it is easy to characterize it as wrong, but cross-cultural servants should communicate the value of others. Based on openness and acceptance, trust emerges as the ability to establish cross-cultural relationships. There can be various pitfalls, such as “we won’t build trust but will attempt to transform them; we’re not there to dialogue but to lecture”, which reflect the fragility of these relationships. Therefore, Elmer prioritizes the emotional risk and trustworthy actions of servants. The practical implications of the identified concepts are related to the fact that they offer specific real-life examples and strategies that can be adopted by Christians to build trust. For example, the author rationally states that conflicts compose an integral part of the relationship-building process, and they often require a mediator to resolve them. The ability to learn from others is another essential idea of the book, and it integrates openness, trust, and acceptance. The importance of following the path that is identified by Elmer in terms of servanthood is related to the need to affirm others’ esteem. The author states that often, servants fail to learn from others, acting only as teachers and remaining inattentive to others’ views. Elme
Summary The term “corporate governance” has generated a lot of debate in both scholarly and organizational discussions, particularly regarding its definition. Through her article, “What Does “Corporate Governance” Actually Mean?” Barbara Marie L’Huillier suggests that the confusion has been brought on by the combination of a weak definitional base of the term coupled with strong motivational forces (300). Cremers et al. argue that corporate governance revolves around three major elements (736). The items are the staff, the structure, and the management (Cremers et al. 736). These three elements also form an integral part of any organization, and can either lead to profitable ventures or spectacular failures. L’Huillier examines academic documents that have used the term “corporate governance” from 1985 to 2012 and try to come up with different connotative meanings of the said term (300). The findings of the study reveal that the agency theory perspective is the most used, and arguably, offers a better definition of the term “corporate governance.” This essay is a critique of L’Huillier’s article to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the said article and provide a logical explanation of the importance and implications of the study for real society. Strengths and Weaknesses One strength of the provided article is its clear structure. The author has explained the purpose of the study, the research methodology that was used, the findings, and the implications of the study. The fact that brief explanations have been given on all these elements, and others, on the first page, help the reader understand the context they are about to read. Additionally, it captures the attention of the reader. The author takes the time to give a detailed background of the term “corporate governance.” The background makes the research study richer as the reader can tie the purpose of the study to the developments already achieved towards creating the perfect definition of the term in question. The author goes on to highlight some of the theories that have been used to support the different interpretations of the phrase. On the same note, L’Huillier uses the same approaches to make her arguments and support her premises. The author has used past studies also to strengthen and critique her case. With an elaborate reference list that both supports and critiques her assumptions, the author can provide a thought-provoking and rich discussion of the same. Despite the advantages mentioned, there are a few weaknesses that can be highlighted. One main weakness of the study is that it does not provide a detailed research methodology. Instead, the author describes and continues to justify the need for the study. There are several reasons as to why comprehensive research methodology is critical in such scientific studies. One such reason is that it aids in the removal and demystification of any form of bias that a reader or a critique might have regarding the way the research was done. Additionally, research methodology also goes hand in hand with assurin
Historical overview Soccer (sometimes known as football) is a sport whose earliest development was in the Middle East over three thousand years ago. Even though these early presentations had some elements that the modern-day sport can associate with, the rules then were not similar to what is currently used. ne of the earliest forms of soccer was a game called Cuju, played in ancient China, which featured anything between two and ten players a side (Helmer and Owens 1-16). The aim of the sport was to direct a ball towards a miniscule hole with players being allowed to touch the ball with any part of part of their body but the hands. Any fouls were penalized through point deduction and in the end the team with most points was announced the winner. Other regions in the world that had games similar to soccer include South America and Greece. Over time, the sport’s popularity gradually began to move towards Europe where it began to take shape and acquire the characteristics of today’s soccer. Between 1307 and 1327 AD, King Edward banned it in England due to its brutal nature and constant reports of injuries (Helmer and Owens 77). However, even with the ban it continued growing until the regime had no option but to legalize the sport again. By 1863, various soccer clubs had been established and later that year founders of the clubs sat at a meeting where official rules of the sport were drafted. The rules were gradually redrafted and gradually the sport acquired professionalism, and rose to become the world’s most popular sport. Summary of soccer’s influence Soccer’s most popular event is the world cup which is held every four years. In this event over 800 qualifying matches are played before 32 teams meet in the finals to pick out the best. With a average viewership of 26 billion in 2010, the soccer world cup is the single most watched sporting event (Michaels 1). During this period all forms of technological access were utilized to follow the event with both traditional (TV and radio) and modern (avenues) recording record-breaking numbers. For instance, ESPN registered an average of 355,000 viewers per minute during the semi-final clash pitting Germany and Spain (Chong 1). MobiTV, a company that facilitates mobile access to live television was reported to have streamed 1.8 million hours of ESPN Mobile TV of the 2011 World Cup (Chong 1). The soccer world cup is also the biggest generator of sporting earnings both for the host nation and FiFa, the organization governing the sport. For instance last year, FiFa reported over 2.5 billion sterling pounds in profits at the end of the twelve-month long event while South Africa, the host, made over 300, 000 pounds in tourism revenue alone (Michaels 1). Consumer profile The viewership and earning numbers are both on an upward trend. The World
Introduction In my cover letter to Omnibus, I believe that I achieved my goal, which was to communicate effectively through the cover letter and the report. My word choices, formats, tone, and color choices needed to be professional, and this is what was achieved. Format My format choices were quite appropriate for the pieces of writing under consideration. First, I chose to have an Omnibus letterhead from MS Template. The letter would have been very plain if there was no professional letterhead, so the template came in handy; I wanted Omnibus to look distinctive. Since the business letter represented my company, it had to stand for high quality. My letter contained the sender’s address on the right side of the letter. This is expected in any formal letter because it immediately lets the reader know who the letter is from and what organization that person represents. It also provides a return address in case of future communication. I placed a date, a few lines after the printed letterhead because this would let the recipient known exactly when the letter was written. A salutation was placed below the date as a courtesy to the reader. It was then followed by the message of the letter, where I let the reader know about the plagiarism report. I chose to start with the message because this was a business letter and the concerned person might have no time to look through the entire communication to find the main message. I needed to be as straightforward as possible. The cover letter ended with a complimentary close i.e., “Sincerely…” This paved the way for the signature block that was seen as space “….” These two components were important choices because they provided details about the sender’s identity. The upper section that contained Omnibus’ address had not specified the actual person that was writing the letter. It was necessary to give this information at the end through the complimentary close and the signature block (Scott, 1995). My format choices for the report were also appropriate because of several reasons. I started my report with a title. The title was important in summarizing or capturing the main message in the document. It was emboldened to capture the attention of the reader. The title was the most important part of the report, so the reader needed to see it right away. After completion of this portion, I immediately started with an introduction; it was critical because it explained the reasons for writing the report and summarized what was expected in the rest of the report. My introduction was short and precise because this was a business report and needed