ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The term ‘Globalization has been in vogue since the 80s; however, it did not get fame till the rise of last decade. It has threaded continents, economies, and cultures as they have become the same thing. It is regarded as a century’s long process. It has unleashed astounding influence on cultures, especially local cultures throughout the globe. Globalization has also been characterized as something that has engendered widespread, rapid, and economic linkages. Reduction or minimization of tariffs has been a hallmark of globalization. Elimination of subsidies of all types has also been its major economic feature. It has also been demanding in the form of reduced transportation costs. Critics have noticed that the terms’ current usage has shades of meanings and interpretations. “The term “globalization,” like most terms of public discourse, has two meanings: its literal meaning, and a technical sense used for doctrinal purposes. In its literal sense, “globalization” means international integration. Its strongest proponents since its origins have been the worker’s movements and the left (which is why unions are called “internationals”), and the strongest proponents today are those who meet annually in the World Social Forum and its many regional offshoots. In the technical sense defined by the powerful, they are described as “anti-globalization,” which means that they favor globalization directed to the needs and concerns of people, not investors, financial institutions and other sectors of power, with the interests of people incidental. That’s “globalization” in the technical doctrinal sense”(Noam Chomsky, The Washington post). Globalization can be evaluated well in economic terms. Goods and services that become exports and imports are a significant amount of national wealth. There is also an abundance of labor immigration. Foreign direct investments are also an index of globalization. Technological inflows and outflows are significant too. The rise of worldwide manufacturing markets and unhindered access to a variety of foreign products for all customers has a strong global tinge. Financial markets have come to surface in the whole of the world serving the notice that globalization has been able to entrench itself in this form. There have been phenomenal cross-cultural contacts, the arrival of new types of consciousness, and marks like globalism, which is a symbolization of cultural diffusion. The aspiration to spend and enjoy foreign products and notions, assimilate innovations and customs and contribute to world culture, depletion in languages and the relevant loss of ideas are all prominent attributes of cultural globalization. Expansion of multiculturalism and easy to approach cultural diversity by all and sundry is the high point of international cultural exchange. As a matter of illustr
Media convergence is more than the coming together of media platforms (Dominick, 2009). Media convergence can also be understood in the context of collaboration. For example, the Internet does not undermine the capability of news bureaus. But on the contrary the successful integration of Information Technology and conventional forms of mass media communication can produce a competitive advantage over others (Dale & Lewis, 2012). From the perspective of consumers they can access information at a faster and more cost-efficient rate (Sterling, 2009). From the perspective of journalists and publishers they can reach a greater number of people as compared to their normal capability through the traditional forms of selling their newspaper. There is no better example of the powerful impact of media convergence than in the transformation of a particular mass media communication platform such as newspaper publication. With convergence it is no longer necessary to buy an actual newspaper in order to read the news (Wilde 2008). The byproduct of this convergence is now called alternative media and it is both a blessing and curse for media moguls but it has forever transformed the way people access news information. Before going any further it is important to clarify the evolution of media from mass media to alternative media. When one talks about mass media communication major publishers of newspapers come to mind, like the Washington Post and the New York Times. Into this list one can add CNN, NBC and others. Since modern forms of mass media communication have been a part of modern life since the latter part of the 19 th century, one can argue that this is the traditional way to broadcast news. In the 20 th century newspapers became a fixture in modern homes. Breakfast time is characterized with a coffee on one hand and a newspaper on the other. Thus, this method of communication can also be labeled as traditional forms of mass media communication. The evolution from traditional mass media communication to alternative media compelled corporate leaders to embrace Information Technology because they can no longer deny the fact that the only way to retain and increase their market share is to digitize their service (Valee, 2003). The evolution from mass media communication is not a linear process. There is a great deal of integration and lateral movement (Waltz, 1995. This assertion is based on the fact that not all people use alternative media (Wilson & Cohen, 1991). At the same time media moguls continue to dominate the production and dissemination of news stories. But if one understands the reasons behind the emergence of alternative media, one can understand how to use and appreciate this new form of news delivery. The emergence of alterative media is due to the Internet and the World-Wide-Web. These two related technologies made it possible to create networks of computers and enhance the communication process in a global scale. The development of portable computers like personal computers, laptops and smart phones created a new way to deliver information. But more importantly, these technologies enable an
Introduction Nat King Cole is considered one of the greatest Jazz musicians in the 20 th century. He amazed the world by his style in playing piano and his voice. This research paper will include a brief biography about Nat King Cole including when he lived, where he was from, and his early career. The paper will also talk briefly about the history of Jazz music and 2 influential Jazz pianists who left their marks on Jazz before Cole. And finally, the paper will provide an explanation of how the style of Nat King Cole was similar or different from his predecessors on piano. A Brief Biography of Nat King Cole “Nat King Cole was born Nathaniel Adams Coles in 1919 in Montgomery, Alabama”. When he was a child his father became a minister in a church in Chicago. As a result, the Coles family moved to Chicago. Nat’s mother started to teach him playing piano at a young age. Nat never took any “formal” piano lessons until he became 12 years of age. At that age, he started to play piano in the church (“Cole”). In high school Nat King Cole formed a band with 2 other musicians including his brother “Eddie”. The band was called the “Solid Swingers”. Nat didn’t finish high school because he could not be successful as a musician and a student at the same time. The Solid Swingers had their first record deal with a company called “Decca” in 1936. In 1937 or 1938 (sources don’t agree on one date), Nat formed a band that included “guitarist Oscar Moore, bassist Wesley Prince, and drummer Lee Young”. One night, the band planned to perform at a club in Los Angeles. The drummer didn’t come that night. At the same night, Nat was called “King Cole” by the club owner. As A result of that, the band’s name became the “King Cole Trio”. The band’s first hit was “Straighten Up and Fly Right” in 1944. In 1948, Cole started his own solo career with the hit “Nature Boy”. During his career, Nat King Cole acted in many movies like “China Gate” in 1957. In 1964, it became a known fact that Nat King Cole was suffering from “lung cancer”. Cole was never healed and died on “February 15, 1965, at St. John’s Hospital in Santa Monica, California” (“Cole”). A Brief History of the Playing of Piano in the History of Jazz Jazz music was born in the early 20 th century (“Jazz”).
Claude Monet is one of the most famous representatives of the French Impressionism who determined the basic principles of this movement in art. Thus, to analyze the works by Monet, it is necessary to refer to the particular features of Impressionism as well as the specific techniques used by the artist. It is possible to observe several basic themes in the works by Monet. Many paintings of the artist are inspired by the summer landscapes and vivid pictures of Monet’s garden. The artist worked basing on plein-air painting in order to depict all the changes in the light and colors of the natural objects. Although Camille Monet in the Garden at Argenteuil (1876) and Morning on the Seine near Giverny (1897) belong to different periods of Monet’s working and reflect rather diverse approaches to painting the landscapes and well-known places, there are some similarities in the works the focus on which allows speaking about the artist’s specific style in art. Impressionism is characterized by the unique brushwork and color play. The artist’s garden at Argenteuil is the source of the continuous inspiration for Claude Monet. Thus, the garden is depicted in the series of the artist’s paintings. Furthermore, the artist’s wife Camille is the model for many Monet’s paintings which are characterized by the transparency an
The civil war arose as a result of various circumstances and concepts prevailing in the north and south. They began to exist as separate economic regions since the first was engaged in industry and the second in agriculture. The north was considered a more economically developed part with a high standard of living, while emigrants from factories worked there. At the same time, there was not enough labor to cultivate the fields in the south, and black slaves were brought there from Africa. Some reasons leading to the war were taxes on imported goods, abolition of slavery, the difference in understanding the further development, disagreement of the south with the policy of settling unoccupied lands in the west. The south separated from the north in the hope of defending its foundations but was defeated. Our country today remembers above all the number of those killed as a result of this battle. It became the bloodiest in history and led to the consolidation of the 13th amendment to the US Constitution and the abolition of slavery. Although the northerners won and began to develop industrial and agricultural activities in the west actively, reconstruction in the south continued for several more years. The war took away many material resources such as equipment, weapons, and money. Dark-skinned became free, but segregation appeared since their financial situation did not allow them to live on the same social level as the white population. Horton believed that the leaders of the Confederation made slavery the primary motive for secession and war. According to the author, southerners “feared the alienation of the slave owners more than they did not like slavery (Horton).” The population of the south was not so developed; hence they considered slavery to be appropriate. The rest of America was able to look at the problem from an alternative point of view. An interesting question for me is inhumanity from eastern society because of their will. On the one hand, they tried to protect themselves and their children from life on a par with black people. It influenced the perception of war by their descendants because children now believe that their ancestors acted for a good cause. On the other hand, all people are personalities, and it is incorrect to judge them by their skin color. Work Cited Horton, James Oliver. “Confronting Slavery and Revealing the ‘Lost Cause’ (U.S. National Park Service).” Nps.Gov , 2017, Web.
Abstract Diffusion and osmosis are passive modes of transport that facilitate the movement of water and other molecules in living cells. Molecular kinetic energy was assessed by examining carmine in a drop of water under a microscope. The diffusion of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane was evaluated by noting the colors of solutions separated by dialysis tubing. The behavior of living cells in various environments was observed by looking at Elodea cells in hypertonic and hypotonic solutions. The osmolarity of various solutions was also evaluated by noting the changes in weight of potato cylinders in the solutions. It was observed that water molecules were in constant, random motion and that dialysis tubing allowed the movement of water and I 2 KI across it. It was also noted that Elodea cells became swollen when placed in a hypotonic solution and that the osmolarity of solutions increased with an increase in solute concentration. The osmolarity of potato tubers was estimated at 0.3M. It was concluded that osmosis and diffusion were vital mechanisms in physiological processes. Introduction Physiological processes in the bodies of living organisms require raw materials, which when consumed lead to the production waste substances. Consequently, it is necessary to ensure that important materials are available for metabolic processes and that the toxic waste products do not accumulate and damage cells (Hunter 72). Maintaining a steady state in living cells requires controlled movement of substances within living cells. The controlled movement of substances leads to communication between the cell and the surroundings. The most common forms of transport in living organisms are diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion can be described as the overall movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration (Nix 165). Osmosis, conversely, is the transfer of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane (Zeuthen and Stein 205). Diffusion and osmosis are passive types of transport because they do not involve the use of additional energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate to facilitate the movement of molecules (Nix 166). Fluids fall into three main categories based on their osmotic pressure. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than a living cell and has a tendency to draw water from cells by osmosis. A hypotonic solution has lower solute strength than a cell and tends
This paper looks into the movie “guns, germs and steel”. This movie is based on Jared Diamond’s book that sought to explain inequality in the world cultures. In the beginning of the movie, focus is on Francisco Pizarro. Pizarro was a team leader of a Spaniard mercenary group in search of treasure. He had a band of not more than 168 men. The movie then brings scenes contrasting developments in Spain as contrasted with developments in the Incas kingdom over time. In the movie, Jared uses the conquest of the Spaniards over the Incas to illustrate how geography contributed in a big way to the development of some cultures such that they became superior over others. The film contrasts the lives of the Incas and that of the Spaniards. While the Spanish lived in an expanse bordering other competitive cultures, the Incas lived in a valley that did not allow them to interact with other people. By the 1500s, the Spaniards were already advanced farmers who had tapped into animal power to increase their productivity (National Geographic, 2010). Much progress in the European region had resulted from interaction with other regions such as the Middle East and Africa. It is in the Middle East that farming or agricultural practice developed and later spread to North Africa before being adopted by the Europeans. As explained in the movie, over the years, improvement in farming gave some cultures a head start over others. The animals that were domesticated provided more than just meat. The farmers got wool, manure but most importantly animal power that helped them move farming to a higher level. In contrast with the Incas, the Spaniards adopted animals that their geography supported or helped them access. For example, they were able to use horses to facilitate movement. Overtime they learnt the art of horsemanship; using horses in a powerful way to control their farms but also as a means flight or pursuit during war fare. The Incas due to their limited access to other exposed cultures largely depended on hand power. The animals they had domesticated were small and could not be used to provide power that could improve productivity. As the film proceeds, it is indicated that the news of Spaniard exploits reached the Incas even before they could reach the empire (National Geographic, 2010). The Incas heard stories of people who were more or less gods. No Incas man had been able to ride an animal before. Therefore, to see men riding on animals was like seeing a god. The emperor having heard of the Spaniards exploits tricked them into entering his palace in the hope of trapping them thus defeating them. However, with the use of horses and marked horsemanship, Pizarro was able to capture the emperor and kill thousands of Incas soldiers. Before the entry of Pizarro’s men into the palace, the film focuses on development of swords from steel among the Spaniards (National Geographic, 2010). According to Diamond, the Spaniards developed su
The quality of employee performance is one of the most important aspects of management in a workplace. Many aspects of management determine the quality of employee performance in the workplace. These include the style of management, management systems that have been put in place, employee motivation, and the work environment. First, the style of management that managers adopt at the workplace determines the quality of performance of employees. Performance is boosted by involvement of employees in the decision-making process, equal treatment, effective communication, and encouragement of innovation and creativity. Employee performance improves when employees are allowed to make organizational decisions in their fields and allowed practice their creativity and innovativeness. Good managers allow employees to decide what is fit for them in the workplace. They neither dictate nor command, and they encourage open discussions and sharing of information. This motivates employees and creates a sense of belonging and value, which helps to improve performance. Secondly, developing an appropriate work environment is an important aspect in determining the quality of employee performance. Managers should establish workplace rules and regulations that motivate employees to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives. In addition, the quality of values, norms, and the corporate culture determine the quality of performance. Employees follow the rules and regulations that govern employee behavior and performance at the workplace. Therefore, managers should consider employee needs and preferences when establishing rules and regulations to govern them at the workplace. The workplace environment should encourage employee freedom, creativity, and individual initiative without creating a feeling of restriction or limitation. Thirdly, motivation is a vital aspect of employee performance. Motivated employees work harder, provide high quality customer service, are more creative and innovative, handle challenges effectively, and are good problem solvers. Managers can use several methods to motivate employees. These include employee recognition, rewards, and training. Recognition and rewards are two of the most commonly methods used by managers to improve performance. These two methods create a feeling of being valued by an organization and as such, motivate employees to work more. Incentives such as free memberships to health clubs, free holiday trips, and personal days help employees to relax, spend time with their families, and reduce work related stress. This leads to improved employee performance. Fourthly, developing management systems such as education, training, and development is vital. Employee training helps employees to know and understand what they are expected to do in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. These systems should provide the necessary tools and skills that help to improve employee performance. Developing the skills of employees is important i
For some people, maintaining a good public appearance is more important than being honest with oneself and others. The play “The Importance of Being Earnest” was written by Oscar Wilde. The author intends to demonstrate the consequences of being two-faced. The main character, Jack Worthing, leads a double life because he pretends to be Earnest when escaping to London and indulging in behavior that Jack himself disapproves of. The theme of morality and earnestness is the core element of this play. This paper will critically analyze “The Importance of Being Earnest.” Wilde depicts a Victorian society where upholding oneself to a high moral standard was a must. However, the author mocks this idea by showing that people find ways to overcome the restrictions that these moral standards place on them. For instance, Jack tells people that he has a younger brother, Earnest, who behaves immorally. Notably, Jack thinks that once he is married, he will no longer need an excuse in the form of Earnest. This detail may be a reference to viewing marriage as something that transforms an individual and makes them happy, although, in reality, marriage requires commitment and work. Hence, Wilde also uses the depiction of marriage as a way to show that societal standards and what society promotes are also not earnest because they create unrealistic expectations for marriage. The author’s use of the name Earnest is another way of conveying the issue of moral standards and behavior. The word itself should characterize a person who is sincere and truthful. However, Wild creates a moral paradox because Jack, as E