ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Security is an issue that directly influences the lives and wellbeing of the world’s population. Taking into consideration that global politics can never be referenced without mentioning security, it is essential to properly theorize it. This paper will argue that the proper balance between realist and constructivist approaches to security issues could help to better analyze and confront today’s and tomorrow’s threats. It will explore the different approaches to theorizing security and will discuss major safety concerns of modern societies around the world. The first section of this paper will examine the perception of the concept of security. The second part will describe the United Nations Security Council and its main functions. The following section will analyze the security concerns of different social groups. The remaining part of the paper will describe various theoretical approaches to the issue of security. The Concept of Security Large numbers of people are being affected by the following security-related issues: displacement, being denied education, rape, imprisonment, torture, starvation, and healthcare among others (Parker 1999). The concept of security is often discussed in newspaper columns and politicians’ speeches. The Internet is also rife with security-related content. Many nations focus on the issue of human safety by preparing for the possibility of a military threat. This aspect of security is associated with the questions of acceptable life quality, economic privation as well as the fundamental human rights (Williams 2012). It can be argued that the perception of the concept of security is markedly different among various groups of people. Scholars studying international relations describe security as the process of threat alleviation that is aimed at saving cherished values (Williams 2012). The concept of security can only be understood through the process of systematization of the past and interpretation of the present. Moreover, it could help people to acquire the power of influencing the future (Williams 2012). Security is a productive force that ensures the reality is actionable as well as intelligible in a certain way. The state of being free from danger is so important that the government of Zaire under Mobutu Sese Seko dedicated a huge portion of its budget to promote security instead of prioritizing other areas such as education and health (Menkhaus 2014). A similar scenario occurred during the Arab Springs: the governments of the countries involved in revolutions invested in security and started to control street riots instead of putting more emphasis on the future prosperity of their countries (Roberts & Zaum, 2013). In some cases, security carries a lot of politica
For a while now, the HP board of directors has been a sinking ship with so many loopholes. Looking at the leadership of Hewlett-Packard, it is rather accurate to admit that there have been problems in the past few years. Patricia Dunn was the Chairperson in the organization when the pretext saga broke out. She had been in the position for at least a year. That is, from February 2005 until September 2006 when she was forced to resign. It is important to also bear in mind that Hewlett- Packard has been in the computer industry for a very long time and has had a good competitive edge at least since the 1960s (Kaplan, 2006, p. 1). Given the various situations in an organization, it may be hard for an individual or a group of people to make sense of a certain act. Ethics and morals can rarely apply when it is a do-or-die situation and when more than just an individual is involved. Making a decision that would serve the interests of both parties can be very complex and even difficult at times. However, there are choices that an individual in any organization may make with the assumption that it will in the long run benefit a majority. Therefore, with this in mind, people go ahead and make such decisions as pretexting just as Patricia Dunn did (Kaplan, 2006, p.2). This was unethical since it involve the invasion of people’s privacy. Patricia had assumed that this would most definitely benefit a good number of people in HP if the people leaking the organization’s vital information were brought to book. This to a large extent does make sense and is partially right. Considering that for any organization to beat its competitors there has to be a degree of information they let out into public. Otherwise, the frequent information leakage may compromise the success of HP in the market and may eventually lead to the loss of jobs of its employees due to low sales amongst other factors. On the question as to whether Patricia Dunn should have been forced to resign, the answer is no. This is mainly because she did what most individuals in her situation could have done. More so, she was smart enough to weigh the options on whether she should save the majority through pretexting or let the organization slide down into failure over time. By pretexting, this means that some outsiders were employed secretly and were given the last four digits of their social security numbers to be able to track their communication with the outside world. This was however done against the will of the employees, as they were deceived into giving their personal information innocently. Well, as much as many people would have denied she did the right thing and forcing her to resign was not the best option. It is to the loss of the organization, which has done away with such a bold and bright individual. The culprits involved in the leakage of info will
Factors the Explorers Realize About Themselves and Their Land The men discover that Herland’s population consists of females only, yet it has its unique civilization and lifestyle despite a lack of male dominance. Van realizes that these women are intelligent, keen observers, curious, and thirsty for more knowledge about other lands to understand their civilization since “Little by little, they wrung from us” (Gilman, 63). Van admits that the women are motherly and care about everything in nature as they care for a child. On the other hand, Terry refuses to believe that women can dominate the land and rejects Herland’s different history and tradition as “…traditions as old as Herodotus….” (Gilman,70). Terry admits that contrary to his sexist belief, “…we all know women can’t organize…. are frightfully jealous…”, Herlandian women are immaculate, and ‘….as neat as a Dutch kitchen…” (Gilman, 67). According to Terry, Herland’s women are neither feminine nor attractive like the women from his land. Jeff admits that Herlandian women are independent, courageous, and harmonious. They do not need nor understand being under the protection of men since they abolished male dominance during the war to conquer the land, proclaiming them as heroines. Generally, jeff believes that the Herlandians can never recognize them as their protectors, and they would have to live as equals, unlike in America, where males dominate the land. The Argument About Poverty The men are uncomfortable with the argument about poverty because they realize their views about poverty are sexist, socially discriminating, and based on irrelevant traditions. According to the author, the men discover that their idea of poor people is sexist when they say only poor women work in their country while the rich are pampered and sheltered by their husbands. When the Herlandians wonder why working women are considered inferior, the men lack a counterargument since the idea is that a woman could work to be independent regardless of wealth. When Modine asks, “…This inferior one-third have no children, I suppose?” (Gilman, 67), Jeff contradicts the statement argument that poorer people in their society reproduce more like a law of nature for many years. The view is stereotypic of poor people’s lifestyle, which contradicts Herlandian’s views on working women. The Primary Role of Women in Herland Herlandians take motherhood as a very significant and pleasant role. In Herland, women represent both maternal and paternal parenthood, and raising children is communal. Unlike modern women who take motherhood as a burden, the Herlandians treasure the role and maintain it through bearing up to only five children, whereas most women only give birth once to balance the population. The women educate their children communally and maintain the practice through record keeping of each “child’s exact line of descent…” (Gilman,91) which helps mothers identify their children while raising them in a collaborative approach. The Goal of The Women of Herland and The Challenges of Achieving Them Herland women have a vision of integrating foreign men into their society to become an all-gender civil
In the poem “On Imagination,” Phillis Wheatley (n.d.) expresses her deep admiration for the “imperial queen” of human minds or, in other words, for people’s ability to fantasize. The author personifies Imagination to describe best the state of mind that people experience when they are dreaming. For instance, Fancy is introduced to the reader as something very powerful yet beautiful. The former quality is evident due to the creative mind’s ability to hold people in “soft captivity” (Wheatley, n.d., line 44). As for the latter, it is mentioned that Fancy has “cheeks all glowing with celestial dies” (Wheatley, n.d., line 12). Moreover, the poetess notes that Imagination can transfer people to places not available to the common mind. The other character that Wheatley introduces is Winter which obviously does not like Fancy. I believe that the author uses this metaphor to show how people led by pure logic may act against those who like to be captivated by Imagination. However, the poetess argues that a pragmatic mind is unable to create something beautiful; rather, it is associated with the coldness and emptiness of the winter season. Therefore, in my opinion, the author not only expresses her admiration for the power of Imagination but also seeks to invite people to run away with their fantasies from time to time. Reference Wheatley, P. (n.d.). On Imagination . Poetry Foundation. Web.
Innovation and technology shaped Western civilization. One of the best examples is the technology and innovation applied to the creation of large ships. These ships were used to discover new worlds. As a result, Europeans were able to travel beyond the European continent. The foray into exotic lands enabled Europeans to acquire exotic products, raw materials, and slaves (Cole and Symes 265). The technology and innovation utilized during the Medieval Age had a profound impact on Western Civilization. However, the technology and innovation that was available during the Medieval Age paled in comparison to the technology and innovation that brought forth the Industrial Revolution. Bringing Forth the Industrial Revolution The people living in the Western world were stuck in the innovation and technology that was available in the Medieval Age. They needed a catalyst in order to surpass the achievements of the Medieval Age. Thus, it can be argued that without the Renaissance, it is impossible to imagine the possibility of an Industrial Revolution. One of the major breakthroughs during the Renaissance period was the discovery of a higher form of mathematics (Romanek 14). Before the Renaissance, Europeans utilized the Roman numeral system. It was a cumbersome system. It prevented mathematicians from branching out into algebra, calculus, trigonometry, and physics. These are branches of science that are needed to create steam engines, railway systems, and the equipment needed to construct modern factories. However, the discovery of Hindu-Arabic short form method allowed mathematicians like Rene Descartes to describe the size and shape of objects using mathematical expressions (Romanek 14) The ability to manipulate mathematical equations enabled inventors to create steam engines and railway systems. These modern inventions paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. The Impact of the Railways The Industrial Revolution can be described as the application of new technology to transform raw materials into useful commodities (Derry and Williams 259). It must be made clear that the major difference is the type of commodities that were produced. At the same time, there was considerable less dependence on manual labor. This revelation inspired historians to comment that the initial impact of the Industrial Revolution was to help ease the suffering of laborers. According to one commentary, the technology available to them “tend to relieve the workmen either from niceties of adjustment which exhaust his mind and fatigue his eyes or from the painful repetition of efforts which distort or wear out his frame” (Ure 1). As a result, there was a great demand for manufactured products. However, the increase in demand requires greater access to resources. The steam engine enabled workers to produce more. But the concept had to evol
There are many biographies and autobiographies that reveal the cruelty of the Holocaust and its destructive impact on a person. Art Spiegelman’s comic book Maus is probably the most unusual memoir that depicts the life of a person under the Nazi regime. The author describes the life of his father Vladek Spiegelman before the Nazi occupation of Poland, during the Second World War, and the later influence of the Holocaust experiences on his personality. To some degree, this book is based on Vladek’s recollection and it can be used as a primary source for historians who study the Holocaust even despite that it is a graphic novel. Maus can be studied by historians because it eloquently demonstrates the cruelty and absurdity of racial ideology as well as its dehumanizing effects on a person. As a primary historical source this graphic book can be criticized for its use of animal images. For instance, Art Spiegelman depicts Jews as mice whereas Germans are portrayed as cats. Thus, one can argue that this book can be related to the Holocaust, but it lacks realism and objectivity that are necessary for a historical document. Nevertheless, this argument can be disputed. The use of animal images reflects the racial ideology of the Nazi Germany. By dividing people according to their racial or ethnic differences, this ideology forced people to be hostile to one another. To a great extent, they began to act as cats and mice. Moreover, ethnicity or race became the distinctive characteristic of a person. His or her individuality was completely disregarded by the regime. It should be noted that Art Spiegelman’s visual characters can be distinguished from one another only by their clothes. Overall, members of the same ethnic group look practically in the same way. This description reflects the principles of the Nazi ideology that emphasized nationality of a person, rather than his or her character traits. Despite animalistic descriptions, Art Spiegelman manages to render the horrors of the Holocaust, and its dehumanizing effects on people. The author shows how characters struggled to survive the Ghetto or in the concentration camps. This graphic book shows how people hid or foraged for food in order to sustain themselves in any way. By showing their attempts to survive, Art Spiegelman demonstrates that people can be forced to behave like animals, especially when they are driven by fear. Additionally, by describing German atrocities aimed against the Jews, the author prompts people to think about cat-and-mouse play. For instance, Vladek recollects that his father was forced to cut off his beard by German soldiers (Spiegelman, 65). One should bear in mind that there were many Nazis who chose to entertain themselves in such a cruel way. Again, this humiliation of a person resembles cat-and mouse game. Thus, readers can see that animalistic desc
Introduction Poetry is an essential part of world literature because it allows writers to express their thoughts in the most sophisticated manner. Usually, every literary work is independent and isolated from others. However, some poems can be connected, and it sometimes involves the creations of different authors. For example, it relates to Ralegh’s “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd,” which is a response to Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.” Thus, the analysis of these two poems shows that they feature both similar and different themes, the same imagery items with various implications, and almost identical diction. Analysis of the Poems It is reasonable to begin the comparison of these works with the themes discussed. On the one hand, the topic of love is present in both of them. It becomes clear after reading the first lines of the poems. In addition to that, the lyrics draw attention to nature and its beauty, while Ralegh also focuses on the temporality of the world. On the other hand, these literary works cover different topics. As for “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,” a theme of persuasion penetrates the whole poem. The hero tries to convince his lover to come to him by describing possible advantages that will arise if it happens. For example, he promises to make “beds of Roses, and a thousand fragrant posies” (Marlowe). In turn, Ralegh’s work is unique because it refers to issues of immortality
Introduction: An HR Practitioner and the CIPD Requirements Being an HR specialist means always keeping in pace with the new and improved standards. Needless to say, these standards are apt to changing quite often as the information on the HR theory updates. The Assessment Procedure: CIPD Standards vs. the Practitioner’s Skills SWOT Analysis                Strengths                                                         Weaknesses                                                       Opportunities  Knowledge of various HRM strategies:                              Knowledge of various HRM strategies:                                            The opportunity to develop efficient problem solutions            The lack of experience for picking the appropriate strategy      Threats        The possibility of losing the track of professional development:  The possibility of losing the track of professional development:                Learning new methodologies                                        Forgetting the acquired knowledge                                  Part 1 Reflecting back What do you consider were the three most important things (planned or unplanned) that you learned last year? Please also briefly describe how they were learned?        1                                                                                                                                                                        Among the most important things, the key HRM strategies, are the most cignificant. I have laerned about these issues by studying the mechanisms of corporate structure in motion.                                      2                                                                                                                                                                        Anotheer essential issue that I have learned is the key types of knowledge management (Saas, 2011). Analyzing the means of information distribution was extremely important.                                           3                                                                                                                                                                        Finally, the the stages of the innovation pocess should be mentioned. With the help of the newly acquired knowledge, I am able to change the model of a company organizational behavior, knowledge sharing model, etc. Please summarise the value you’ve added to your organisation/clients/customers over the last 12 months through your professional development?                           I have helped structure the model of the comapny organizational behavior, which iis thebulk of company’s success (Punnett, 2012) and improve knowledge sharing process. What have been the tangible outcomes of your professional development over
Abstract Depression has been affecting many adults as caused by various environmental and psychological factors. Because of this, adult depression is then seen as the root for the many emotional, social, physical, and mental disturbances that an individual faces. Social relationships, such as that within the family and friends or colleagues can also be negatively affected. To cure adult depression requires professional help. Counseling through a recognized counselor is required and the use of reality therapy is considered as one of the most effective ways to cure adult depression. Adult Depression Depression or depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, the emotion, and the thoughts. It comes in various forms, just as is the case with other illnesses such as heart disease (Robins, 1990). The strong influence of depression shows that a lack of meaning is more detrimental to life satisfaction than stress and worries (“Anxiety not a barrier to a satisfying life, study says”, 2004). Basing on the emotional pattern, depressive responses are tied to imminent or past events which have a direct bearing on self-esteem, happiness, and so on (Lilienfeld, 2005). For the symptoms of depression, one is characterized for suffering from depression if he entails the following characteristics (Robins, 1990):   * Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood   * Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism   * Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness   * Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including sex   * Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed down”   * Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions   * Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping   * Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain   * Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts   * Restlessness, irritability   * Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain Social Relationships and Adults Suffering from Depression According to studies, some types of depression run in families, suggesting that a biological vulnerability can be inherited. In addition, other environmental or outside factors such as stresses at home, work, or school, are involved in its onset. There are families wherein major depression also seems to occur generation after generation (Robins, 1990). Depression may or may not occur within families as it is sometimes perceived as there are some people who suffered from depression even if there is no history in the family who have been in that situation. What remains true is the fact that in whatever instances, – whether inherited or not – major depressive disorder is often associated with changes in brain structures or brain function (Robins, 1990). There are two