ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Multiple sclerosis is the development of lesions on the axons of neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord. Currently the disease is considered a terminal condition. As the disease progresses, it disables the affected person, and impairs the abilities of the person to perform to capacity (Joy & Johnston, 2001). Recently the government formed a team of scientist and tasked the team with the task of determining the possibility of finding a cure for the disease. For the last few months, the team has been conducting research in Europe , and is confident enough to inform the government that a breakthrough in the study of possible causes the disease and the course of its development indicate that it can be cured. The substance and the therapy that could be used to cure the disease have been identified. However, due to the inadequate financial resources, the team could not develop and test the drug and the therapies in question. The government should consider allocating more funds for the research project for the benefit of the Canadian people. There are several reasons why the government should consider funding this project all the way to its conclusion (Society, 2012). Prevalence of the Disease in Canada The Canadian government should consider the position of Canada as a country in the battle against the disease. Although the disease is prevalent in all places around the world, statistics show that it is more prevalent in Canada than most of other places in the world. Current estimate shows that between fifty-five thousand and seventy thousand Canadians suffer from the disease, and the number is increasing with three new confirmed cases of positive diagnosis daily (Health, 2010). The reason for this disparity is largely unknown, so the best solution for the near future is finalizing the projects aimed at finding the cure for the disease. Effect of the Disease on the Productive Proportion of the Population Multiple sclerosis affects young people. Its onset occurs in young adults due to intricately complex physiological processes within the structure of the nervous system. Unfortunately, the disease affects people between teenage and forty years of age, who are the most productive part of the population. The disease starts with mild symptoms, but later develops into a serious disabling condition where the affected person has seriously impaired physical ability and poor mental coordination (Society, 2012). Any person with multiple sclerosis that is at an advanced stage cannot engage in a meaningful economic activity. In turn, the burden of care also impairs the ability of the relatives and caregivers of the people with multiple sclerosis to engage in productive activities. This gradual effect costs the country one and a half million dollars for every person diagnosed with multipl
Cooperation and Competition Interdependence on the goals of the parties involved in conflicts perhaps aids in understating the nature of the conflicts. In situations where one party voices success, as the other forecasts failure, the relationship is success-failure oriented. As a result, a competitive relationship characterized by win-lose orientation dominates (Morton, 2000, p.21). On the other hand, in situations in which both parties in conflict predict failure or success, the existing relationship between the parties is lose-lose or win-win oriented. Consequently, parties tend to foster cooperative relationships. From Morton Deutsch’s perspective of view, a cooperative relationship always incites positive attitudes among the parties such as the willingness of either party to escalate the other party’s powers, coordination, and friendliness while not negating coordinated and cute communication between the parties involved (2000, p.23). On the other hand, hostility altitudes that reflect exactly opposite traits of cooperative relationships characterize competitive relationships. According to Morton, “constructive processes of conflict resolution are similar to cooperative processes of problem-solving, and destructive processes of conflict resolution are similar to competitive processes” (2000, p.27). This view is perhaps reflective of the practical approaches in conflict resolution. Where the parties involved in conflicts have varying interests and goals that bring about mayhem instead of fostering unity and peace. On the other hand, in practical scenarios where the parties involved in conflicts have similar goals and intents, the results of negotiations tend to yield positive fruits since each party places demands that are realizable by the other party. In the case where one party cannot realize them, either party is always willing to bargain for an agreeable treat. Constructive strategies of conflict resolutions lie squarely on the foundations of equity, peace, and human fallibility. With the deployment of efficient and effective conflict resolution management knowledge and skills, common grounds are realizable, upon which the parties involved in conflict attempt to invoke cooperative relationships. However, a question remains; how can one foster these relationships? In an endeavor to answer this question, Morton Deutsch posits, “The characteristic processes and effects elicited by a given type of social relationship also tend to elicit that type of social relationship” (2000, p.29). This m
Introduction In the contemporary world, societies are male dominated and therefore women are always at the periphery when major decisions affecting such societies are being passed. Although the population of the women in the world is regarded as being higher than that of men, women have failed to place themselves in strategic positions that would help them air their grievances and opinions whenever such an opportunity presents itself. This is mainly attributed to the fact that men who have held these leadership positions since time immemorial have deliberately put mechanisms that have limited women progress in the society. The modern day education has helped more and more women in getting into senior positions of leadership. Women have over the years been considered of less importance compared to men with their sole duty being to give birth and take care of the babies. Although this trend is fast changing there are still some societies especially from the Third World countries where women are still being oppressed and down graded by their husbands and society at large. How the film “Mulan (1998) reinforce the current patriarchal/gender expectations of women Emancipation In the film Mulan (1998) women are seen trying to emancipate themselves from the yokes of the society (Michael 3). It demonstrates how Pocahontas- a female character in the movie went against the norms of the society by becoming an intimate friend of John Smith who was an Englishman. According to Pocahontas society, women were supposed to remain in their society and therefore could not in any way befriend or get married to a person regarded by her society as a foreigner. Mulan goes a step further to claim that “I never want to see a naked man again.” (Mulan (1998) pg. 1) In addition Mulan demands to be heard and respected, she says “Then you’re gonna have to trust me… And don’t you slap me no more…We clear on that…All right. Okey-dokey” (Mulan (1998) pg. 1). From the above scenarios it is quite evident that women in our societies are realizing that they are part of the society and hence need to be granted equal opportunities and just as their counterparts the men. Therefore we can say that her action to rebel against her society is a clear demonstration of how women are willing and ready to fight for their emancipation. Importance of working as a team In addition, the film shows that women have over the years learnt to unite and fight for their rightful position in the society. According to it, women at the beginning of this particular movie are illustrated as unsupportive to one another. However, as the movie goes on it begins to dawn to these women on the importance of uniting in order to support each other in their society. It shows that Pocahontas lived in a family that was very supportive to her as well as her female companions. In addition to that the movie tells us that Pocahontas sought guidance from various people
Introduction One of the major events happening to the financial world today involves the union of small firms to form bigger firms, or big firms acquiring or taking over the management and running of the smaller firms. These events are news breakers since they have a direct impact o the reactions of the vendors and customers at Wall Street. The customers’ perceptions of the events are also a matter of concern for the concerned companies, and they have to be keen enough to ensure that their move acts to retain the present customers and acquire new one’s, in other words identify new markets (DePamphilis 33). On a daily basis, the bankers at Wall Street organize Mergers and Acquisitions (M& A) ventures, which if they end up being successful result to the combination of different separate companies to bring one larger corporation. When not doing this, they are busy doing the opposite, breaking up the already established corporations via the several means at their disposal such as carve- outs and tracking the given stocks (Cartwright and Schoenberg 12). Spinoffs are also a method they use in their deals to break down the companies. As usual, the transactions, as stated earlier are big time news. The money involved could be running into the millions of dollars if not billions, and these actions in most cases end up affecting the daily operations and fortunes of the companies that have been combined for many years they will be in operation (Harwood 54). For the chief executive supervising the merger, this aspect could be the highest point in one’s career. The Main Idea The main principal underlying the concepts of these transactions is that the companies involved are always out to increase their shareholder bases, to get to a maximum beyond the sum of the current share holders in the two companies when put together (Rosenbaum 61). Common sense in finance dictates that when to companies combine or come together to form one company, their share value appreciates, and its value is higher compare d to two individual companies. That is the principal idea or the raison d’être behind Mergers and Acquisitions. This concept sounds appealing to companies when they are going through the worst of times, the large able companies often opt to buy others in order to increase completion and reduce the costs involved in their daily operations. Corporations combine so as to gain control of a larger share of the market and increase their efficiency; it is for these reasons that firms opt to be bought when they know their chances of survival in the market when they are operating solo are bleak. In this context then, Acquisitions occur when one company or corporation usually bigger in size takes over a smaller one and runs the affair
Abstract This paper provides a summary of a spiritual assessment conducted on a Muslim patient. The spiritual assessment tool will be used to evaluate the spiritual beliefs of the patient through direct interviews. Observations recorded from the assessment will be recorded as significant discoveries. Further, the paper will examine the effectiveness of the tool and recommend possible solutions in the future. Lastly, the paper will expound on the spiritual experiences learned from the patient’s assessment. Summary of Assessment The interview yielded results that demonstrated purity and prayers are integral parts of a Muslim’s life. Assessment findings were summarized as follows: Significant Discoveries Made Muslims must pray five times a day facing the direction of Mecca. Their faith also prohibits them from praying before they purify themselves. Purification requires people to wash their hands and feet with clean water in preparation for prayers. They also use a unique mat or a clean piece of clothing for kneeling. In a hospital setting, most Muslim patients desire to observe their prayer life by praying five times a day. Healthcare providers should make sure that they offer the desired assistance, especially to bedridden patients. Water and a clean piece of bed sheet should be provided when necessary. Health care providers must also see to it that they recognize the direction of Mecca to aid the patient in preparing for prayers. According to the Muslim culture, God entrusts human beings with bodies to be used appropriately for the achievement of salvation. Muslims consider that agony is a trial from God portrayed through suffering, sickness, and calamities. The Muslim religion does not allow its believers to eat any foods containing alcohol, pork, or animal meat with stock. They believe that Christians, Jews, or Muslims should remove blood from meat when slaughtering. They also consider that apart from death and a
Introduction Ethical Awareness Inventory is a program designed to identify people’s ethical style based on the kind of characters they are. Normally, we are used to evaluating other people and their actions according to our own moral views and ideas. Ethical Awareness Inventory employs a general set of qualities and principles that helps to determine individuals’ deeper virtues and describe their ethical characters. The Role of Personal Ethics in Psychology, Principles and the Code of Conduct Personal ethics is highly crucial in interpersonal relationships. It helps individuals to see the importance of integrity, wisdom, and honesty (Ethics Awareness Inventory 2011). In psychological professions, for example, it serves to assist the experts in dealing with their clients in the most appropriate and moral manner. Personal and professional ethics help experts with the decision making that agrees with the standards of their specialties and respects the rights of every client. As stated by the Williams Institute for Ethics and Management, the Code of Conduct cannot make an individual behave in an ethical manner; in order to make ethical decisions, an individual must be intrinsically moral (Ethics Awareness Inventory 2011). Therefore, the inventory helps people transform their characters with the purpose of proving their integrity. The transformation is provided by means of viewing one’s character as evidence of ethics. Effects of Applying Ethics on Psychological Principles in Personal, Spiritual, Social and Organizational Issues Ethics Awareness Inventory exhibits the value of ethics as an example of spirituality instead of self-righteousness. The inventory is meant to use the character in order to help with the growth of spirituality. The program opposes rule-following at the expense of qualities such as honesty, wisdom, and integrity. These features should be learned and applied willingly through various experiences instead of being a result of simple rule-following. The creators of the Ethical Awareness Inventory advocate dealing with everybody according to the fundamental beliefs and current definition of ethics within interpersonal relationships. Individuals should avoid judging other people and, instead, help them understand the exact meaning of ethics (Ethics Awareness Inventory 2011). In organizations, the Ethics Awareness Inventory proposes considering an individual’s rights before moving to the rights of the institution. The management teams should not impose their decisions on individuals. They should allow the employees to make their choices without interference. Bringing individual approach, freedom, respect, and new opportunities to the organizations are one of the most important workplace policies (Ethics Awareness Inventory 2011). In other words, all the decisions of the organization should include every employee’s input. Effects of Ethics on Psychological Knowledge and Personal Growth, Health, and Developm
Introduction The mind of the human being is the organ that drives all other organs into motion. Behind every act that a human being does there is a reason. One of the natures of human beings is helping those who are in need. This is based on various reasons. This paper analyses the reasons that lead to persons helping others. Among the items discussed in this paper are; the relationship between persons, the need to be helped later, to repay a good deed and the temperamental basis. Relationship One of the basic reasons that lead to people helping one another is the relationship between the helper and the person in need. This more so happens when the two person are related by blood. A need of a blood relative is seen as a personal need to all other blood relatives and thus they would offer a hand in helping the needy come out of problem (Cash, 2002). The responsibility that one bears for a blood relative is usually not meant to be repaid. Similarly, it is common for persons who are related by marriage to help one another. The need of a husband, wife or a fiancé is also taken by the helper as a personal need. The degree of closeness may differ from that of blood relationship. However, the weight that is carried in both cases is relatively similar. In most instances, persons offer to help their life partners in priority to blood relatives. In this group also lie the persons who help because they have been requested to help. This group of people rarely helps willingly. They either perceive themselves incapable of offering the help or find they help as unfit or not necessary. Also there are persons who are mean in nature. Such persons can only offer help when they have been requested to do so (Cash, 2002). To repay good deeds Every person has been helped to reach where he or she is at one point or the other. A child is helped by her parents to grow, the neighbors, teachers, and relatives also give a hand in life. There is also help that has been received from friends and strangers. All this help is repaid in different ways. For the help received from parents, the child may repay it by helping the parents at their point of need or by helping his or her own children. For the help that is received from all other persons, it is repaid almost in the same manner. A person may offer help directly to the persons who helped him or her or may offer help to others in remembrance of the good deeds that he or she has received form other people (Cash, 2002). A person who has been treated well from childhood has a great likelihood of treating others well than a person who was brought up in harsh and un-conducive environment. The need to be helped later There is also a group of people who help anticipating that the persons whom they have helped will rise to the occasion should they have a need. This group of people will always be the first to contribute to others when they have a need and will always like to be recognized that they have offered their help. The help that comes from this kind of people is at times seen as an act of dystopia. Such persons always imagine of bad things happening like death, accidents, injuries, attacks and othe
Introduction Every community has individual characteristics, traditions, ways of living, and communicating among each other, and foundations. It is a challenge for the representatives of a particular society to accept others, those, who look differently, think differently, or have different habits and beliefs into their circle. As a result, the presence of the “aliens,” or those, who, according to the community’s perceptions, do not belong to the group, raises severe challenges, problematic issues, and negative encounters. It is possible to utilize the ideas in the movies and narratives about aliens to consider the outsiders’ feelings. According to Cohen, “monstrous difference tends to be cultural, political, racial, economic, sexual,” which shapes the view of the inhabitant on them (7). The purpose of this paper is to observe the issue of ethical living with “aliens” through the analysis of the District 9 movie and the book Monster Theory and suggest possible solutions to the problem. Main text Different pieces of art, whether it is cinematography, fiction, documentaries, or paintings, have a substantial influence on one’s perception of a particular topic. In such a way, such works as District 9 and Monster Theory have an impact on individuals’ perspectives about aliens’ infiltration. First, it is curious to consider the emotions that the movie is raising within people and how it affects one’s sense of responsibility and morality. In this visual piece of work, Blomkamp managed to awaken different feelings among the viewers, fluctuating from fear and uncertainty to prejudices and compassion, and misunderstanding. In my opinio
Introduction This paper examines the life of Abraham Lincoln (the late), who became the sixteenth president of the United States of America. The paper will focus on his family background early childhood life, his profession, and education, marriage, political involvement, and death. This paper will also discuss the various environments and situations in which Abraham Lincoln passed through. These will entail discussing the cultural, social, economic, and political factors during and after his childhood. He was also involved in community activities in which he participated in development issues, as a lawyer, he championed the rights of his peers and other citizens, especially the Negro slaves. Biography: Abraham Lincoln The story of Abraham Lincoln sounds great and unbelievable. Having been born in a poor background and the difficulties in life he faced, it is hard to believe that Abraham Lincoln could make it to be one of the most talked-about public figures in the United States of America and the world as a whole. He was a man with a stand and believed in the material and logical demonstration. This was the reason he never believed in the doctrines of Christianity. Family background Abraham Lincoln’s parents were Nancy Hanks who was the mother and Thomas Lincoln, the father. He had siblings who were his elder sister named Sarah and his younger brother who unfortunately died at an infant age. Both Nancy Hank and Thomas Lincoln had greatly influenced the life of Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln grew in poverty because his parents could not afford it beyond the basics. The father never went to a school and his sibling and he never went to a formal school too. The father was a carpenter who continuously migrated deep west due to slavery. He never wanted to stay where there was slavery. Samuel Lincoln was the grandfather to would be President of the United States of American. He was the first American ancestor of the Lincolns family. He came from England during the period of great migration which took place in the year 1637. The family of Lincoln kept on moving to the west with every succeeding generation (Holland, 1866). In 1786 Samuel Lincoln was unfortunately short dead by an Indian-American who was a native of America by then. The shooting took place when his children watched, by that time Thomas Lincoln, the father to future president of America, was only six year of age. It is recorded that the young Thomas cried over the body of his dead father (Arnold, 2008). Mordecai was Samuel’s brother. The pain of seeing his dead father prompted him to pursue his father’s killer and killed him in revenge (Holland, 1866). After Thomas’ father had died his life took a twist and he started facing challenges in life. It is argued that his mother’s relatives were there to assist him whenever possible. He later became independent and started living on his own; he fended for himself. Thomas never had any formal education from his childhood until he became an adult. He learnt carpentry, a skill he used to fend for himself. He managed to buy land and also started his own family befo