ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Description The participant in the reinforcement training is a male horse called Joy. Joy is black in color, aged seven years, and belongs to a neighboring farm. The animal has never been trained and the owner locks it in an old barn when others are in the field training or grazing. However, the horse has special abilities. For instance, Joy can race at cars speed and jump over set barricades at ease. Moreover, it has an athletic figure, and is extremely alert. Besides, the horse is tall, has a developed neck, and a small head. Additionally, horse’s eyes are protruding, it has large nostrils, and a small muzzle. Lastly, horse’s stamina and liveliness portrayed how indefatigable it is. In fact, what strikes about the horse is Joy’s curiosity. Joy is always snooping and exchanging glances with other horses whenever they meet. Target Behavior The owner wanted the horse to become more cooperative when carrying loads. As a result, reinforcement techniques could help the owner and the horse to utilize the horses special body features well. Consequently, the following study analyzes the effects of reinforcing horse abilities as a method of making an untrained horse more cooperative and less resistant to carrying loads. Moreover, the study outlines how to make horses more friendly and when they become sociable, they get easier to transport, sell to another owner, and participate in various activities such as recreational or leisure without putting themselves or a rider in danger. However, nearly all horses have some uninviting behaviors and it is the role of the trainer to ensure they get calm because they learn best when less reactive. Furthermore, trainers have to help the horse scrap wariness, avoid generation of flight stimuli and fear reactions that could make any horse hard to control. Moreover, the act of loading a horse predisposes it to disease and long-term stress, which are unhealthy to horses (Pohjola 34). Interventions The first intervention measure was to enhance the horse interaction with humans. Since there is a relationship between repeated interactions of a horse and human, repeated exposure of the animal to human helped change horse’s attitude toward humans. As a result, after establishing friendship with the horse, individual introduction of stranger to the horse followed. Then, he was introduced to a small crowd and slowly the horse got used to standing in front of huge gathering. Moreover, in order to achieve a positive result, the animal needed rewarding after the training session or during the hardest session. In fact, introduction of sugar enhanced an everlasting memory whenever the horse was to repeat the same course. Secondly, interventions involved helping the horse to fight fear through accustoming the animal to the current environment. For instance, it involved avoiding negative interactions that could make
One choice that demonstrates the author’s theoretical awareness well is the concluding scene in the first chapter of Maus, when the narrator’s father warns him not to disclose what he told about his youth. It demonstrates that Spiegelman is rhetorically aware of the fact that most of his audience would not have first-hand knowledge of the Holocaust and, for them, it would be just a page from history books. By reiterating the amorous adventures of the main character’s youth, he manages to make him more understandable, relatable, and, despite him being depicted as a mouse, more human. This rhetorical choice allows the audience, which would most likely not know about the Holocaust beyond the high school history class, to connect to the topic on a more personal level. Moreover, the very fact of including this scene in the chapter endows it with a confessional quality. Within the scene, the father asks the narrator to omit what he just told because it has nothing to do with the Holocaust, signifying it as personal information. However, by virtue of reading the chapter, the readers already know that the narrator does not keep his promise because the story is right there, told through both drawings and text. Once again, adding this scene demonstrates Spiegelman’s awareness that most of his audience would not have a direct and personal connection to the Holocaust. Yet, by including this scene, the author makes the audience feel as if they have been let onto something personal and intimate, which fosters a better connection to the topic. Thus, the choice to include the episode with the narrator’s father asking to omit the stories of his youth is rhetorically aware in more than one sense.
Hybrid cars are modern automobiles which can be powered by two or more power sources. Some of the most common sources of power for hybrid cars would include electricity, electric vehicle batteries, liquefied or compressed gas, fossil fuels, solid combustibles, renewable sources, and human-powered sources among others. Automobiles have been viewed as the largest single source of air and environment pollution in the world. In that case, the increasing number of cars in the world has raised a lot of concern in regard with the future of humans in the face of the heightening pollution and the issue of global warming. Hybrid cars, however, appears to be the answer to this overwhelming issue. These modern cars can use both conventional power and electric power, and this minimizes the emission of harmful by-products, thus helping to fight global warming. In this respect, hybrid cars are more eco-friendly than conventional cars which are known to release more pollution into the atmosphere. Hybrid cars have become a practical choice for many car consumers, thus emerging as the best-selling cars in the world. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the main economical impacts of hybrid cars. Hybrid vehicles are among the first technologies that have been developed in the entire automobile sector, towards creation of automobiles that are more eco-friendly and fuel efficient. The use of hybrid cars brings forth numerous economical impacts, thus providing consumers with affordable, convenient, and efficient means of transportation. The ability of hybrid cars to use numerous sources of power makes them more reliable in the modern world, when compared to conventional cars which rely on a single source of power. This variety of power sources gives the consumers an opportunity to go for the most preferable source of power for their vehicles. This means that, consumers can opt for the most economical choices available, thus saving money and other resources. More importantly, consumers would not have to incur extra expenses going for long distances in search for fuel. This is a forgotten habit in the current world where people can use other alternatives which can be acquired easily, and at a fair cost. Even though hybrid cars are costly, their management is quite cheaper and can be very useful to those people who want to save money on oil products and other costly sources of power for their cars. Statistics from
Introduction Coach Inc. is an American company that specializes in manufacturing and distributing leather items such as handbags, briefcases, shoes, wallets, key chains, and umbrellas, among other accessories. It has its headquarters ers in Manhattan, New York, with branches in other American cities as well as non-American cities in Japan and China (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008). It has distribution outlets in France, Italy, Hong Kong, and South Korea. Its initial public offer (IPO) took place in 2000 at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Since then, its financial health has multiplied. This paper provides an analysis of the company. The report reflects on strategic issues affecting the company, including elements of the industry and the company’s financial health, performance, and challenges. Industry analysis A luxury good is a commodity whose demand increases more rapidly than the increase in general income and can be termed as a necessity product whose demand increases less proportionally with the rise in general income. These goods are characterized by high-income elasticity of demand. This is because as wealth increases, people tend to buy more of the product (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008). However, demand declines when wealth declines (Needles, Powers, & Crosson, 2007). The most significant aspects of this industry are the tendency of brand quality and superiority of the quality. The leather industry is one of the most advanced, profitable, but highly competitive and risky industries in America and other parts of the world (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008). This is partly because leather goods are mostly luxury commodities, and consumers tend to choose their goods depending on personal preferences, amount of money available and the type of the product (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008). Moreover, to produce quality leather products, quite a lot of resources are pumped towards technology, labor, and expanding sale channels through advertisement. The industry earns over three billion dollars per year in America alone. The luxury goods industry in both America and other parts of the country, especially where Coach has branches, is complex and diverse. In the United States of America, the domestic market consists mainly of handbags, briefcases, casual shoes, and auto upholstery. The leather commonly used is cattle hide (accounting for about 95%), while pig, lamb, deer, and reptile skins are also widely used as raw materials (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008). Competition in the industry is quite high in all these countries. However, during the 1980s, there was effective consolidation in America, resulting in fewer smaller companies and several large companies competing (Chevalier & Mazzalovo, 2008). Currently, the industry is dominated by large companies, which make about eighty percent. Most of these companies are based in New York State. Competition is quite high here, but the recognition of brands saves Coach and the fact that coach offer
The analysis of World War II and Hitler’s S.S reveals that the leaders of this organization were the framers of Hitler’s final resolution. This can be depicted from Hitler’s life his involvement in the army and his political intervention. Long time ago, in fact during the age of civilization, was born a man who would become a great leader and institute Nazi war. In a small town of Braunau-am-Inn near Austro-Germany perimeter worked his father as an officer in customs department. On April 20, 1889, Adolf Hitler was born to Alois and Klara Hitler. The childhood life of the young Hitler Adolf was not so much pleasing. He had a dream of becoming a professional and career artist. However, due to his poor performance in school, Hitler failed to secure an admission into Vienna Academy, which majored on Fine Arts and other artistry works. In addition to Hitler’s reigning problems, at 19 years of age, his father died of cancer, leaving him helpless with nobody to sponsor his education. Therefore, Hitler had to search for survival tactics in order to save his mother and sister from hunger. As a mean to survive, Hitler decided to involve to in business and some commercial selling. For example, since he had an ambition of being an artist, he decided to do some paintings for sale and sometimes engage in day-to-day chores to get money for up keep. (Shirer pp.119-125). The First World War broke out in Europe instigated by differences between Germany and France and their respective allies. Hitler decided to volunteer to offer services to the military troops at war. Onto his dismay, the army accepted to incorporate Hitler in the war as a soldier. Indeed, this became Hitler’s best profession as he fought bravely making him to earn several promotions in the army ranks. To this far, Hitler grew his personality and started gaining fame and respect from hiss fellow colleague troops. For example, in the army, Hitler became a corporal and later, an administrator in the detention camp at Traunstein. Due to Hitler’s increasing personality and influence, the authority appointed Hitler among other army officials to oversee and urge soldiers who were returning from war not to engage in dubious acts like pacifism or communism lest it destroy the nation and divide military. The exposure to persuasion theatrics on the contrary, increased his power to speak fluently and woe many to his side. In addition to persuading his fellow troops not to welcome pacifism or communism, Hitler was responsible for spying those who went against the wishes of Germany authorities. Hitler could spy even political organizations to the government and provide counteracting political strategies. These and many other roles shaped Hitler to participate fully and even be a key figure in the Second World War. (Shirer pp.271-275). As time went by, Hitler entered into Germany politics by forming a political party called Nazi under his leadership. This political party had several organizations falling under it. Moreover, this
In February 11 201In February 11 2012, the music and entertainment fraternity suffered a blow by the death of the Whitney Houston. On the first page (A1) of the New York Times newspaper, the lifestyle and career of the late musician dominated the page. Written by Jon Pareles and his counterpart Adam Nagourney the two authors expressed sociological issues like drug abuse as the major social issue, which contributed to the Whitney’s downfall. In addition to giving a precise of the aforementioned story, the next discussion also elaborates the story by relating it to sociological imagination and the concept of social perspectives. Before the death of Whitney Houston, cocaine and marijuana are some of the hard drugs, which dominated her life. Consequently, her marriage broke down due to constant abuse from the husband. Intuitively, Pareles and Nagourney highlight drug abuse as the main social factor, which contributed to the suffering of Whitney especially during her musical career lifetime. Sociological imagination is the aspect of shifting social issues from personal perspective to the societal level. The established social values, cultural practices and other laws play a major role in shaping the life and behavior of an individual. Both personal issues and social forces may push an individual to adopt a certain behavior. Therefore, the essence of sociological imagination is to solve personal social problems at a higher level in the society. Incase of a social problem like drug abuse, an individual may decide to stop the vice because of its negative impact to the children or neighbors. The aspect of sociological imagination motivates an individual to view social problems like drug abuse, homicides and abusive marriages as elements that slow the development of the society and not necessarily the family or the individual. The definition of sociological imagination relates well with the issue of drug addiction in the life of Whitney Houston. As a public figure, both her career and marriage life dwindled immediately after she started abusing marijuana, cocaine and alcohol. Consequently, besides ending her marriage the issue also tainted her public image especially as a renowned musician. Furthermore, she ended up becoming a single mother. Therefore, as a public figure, a source of inspiration and a mentor to both her fans and the youths she failed. Drug and alcohol abuse are major social issues that affect the American society especially among the celebrities. Besides enlisting, hard drugs and alcohol as the major social issues, the society categorizes them as social problems because of their negative impact to the public. Furthermore, there is speculation that the death of Whitney may have been due to the use of both alcohol and antidepressants. Thus, from the analysis of the Houston’s story, the use of alcohol, cocaine and marijuana had a profound negative impact on both her personal and public lives. As controversial problems in her life, drugs, alcohol and eventual death of Whitney Houston categ
Small business loans Instruments to the small business borrower Bank of America is one of the biggest banks in the market. It has millions of account holders and serves many businesses. As many other banks they do offers credit services for small business start up or simply if you want to have some credit available to boost your sales. When you open their ‘small business’ section of the website immediately you notice two instruments that the bank offers to small business borrowers. They are the ‘online banking solutions’ section and the ‘business advice’ section. In the ‘online banking’ section they offer the small business borrower tax services, invoicing, easy online payroll, online money transfer services and payment services. All of these services are related to the buying and selling transaction that a business owner does in his daily routine. The other instrument is the advising section where the bank offers to small businesses the possibility of evaluating what is the present situation of the business and what the future possibilities are for it if it selects the bank as its partner. Short-term and long-term credit services to small businesses. Write several paragraphs to describe them The bank offers two types of short-term credit services and two types of long-term solutions to small businesses. The first type of short-term credit is the business ‘line of credit’. This service allows businesses to “draw funds whenever you need working capital, seasonal or cyclical cash flow, emergency funds, or other short term financing” (Bank of America, 2010). Furthermore, the business is expected to pay only when this line is used. The second short-term instrument is the ‘business leases’. With this instruments, small businesses can “borrow the entire purchase price, plus some soft costs, of new vehicles and equipment” (Bank of America, 2010). The long-term instruments are found in the ‘SBA financing’ and the ‘business loans’ sections of the website. The ‘SBA financing’ options is the recommended long term financing solutions from the bank to small businesses. SBA stands for small business administration loan. The bank does offer this solution to businesses even if they do not fulfill the criteria for other types of loans as described above. This type of loan offers a combination of low rates and longer terms of payment. It is the case when a business needs small injections of cash time after time. Th
Introduction International strategic management is a process through which companies develop and implement expansion plans that enables them to join and compete in overseas markets. Domestic strategic management, on the other hand, enables businesses to expand their operations in the local market. Joining overseas markets is often challenging since companies must understand the macro-environments of the markets that they intend to join (Sadler & Craig 2003, p. 56). The company is likely to face the risk of operating under high uncertainty if it fails to conduct an environmental audit in the country that it intends to join. It is against this backdrop that this paper discusses the premise that international strategic management is more complex than domestic strategic management. The discussion will focus on the model that is used to carryout macro-environmental audits and its application. Macro-environmental Audits: PEST Analysis Conducting a comprehensive macro-environmental audit is one of the major challenges that companies which are pursuing global strategies often grapple with. The difficulty in conducting an informative macro-environmental audit is two fold. First, there is a dearth of information concerning the various elements of the macro-environment in most countries, especially, in the developing world. Second, the models that are commonly used to conduct the audit have weaknesses that often compromise the results. Generally, the audit involves scanning the macro-environment in order to identify the environmental factors that are likely to affect the business (Sadler & Craig 2003, p. 71). These factors must be monitored and their trends are often used to predict future changes in the external business environment. Traditionally, most companies use the PEST analysis to study the macro-environment of the countries that they intend to operate in. PEST refers to the political, economic, social and technological aspects of a country. PEST analysis focuses on identifying the influence of these factors on the performance of businesses. Political factors refer to the policies which are being pursued by the government and their effects on the economy. These factors include the level of government involv
Sharon’s family has run Tip-Top gas & grocery chain of convenience stores for a very long time. On the other hand, James has worked on his business from scratch to where it is presently, a local empire. Nevertheless, they are both fighting for an increased share in the convenience market. It should be noted that being typical business people, the two rivals are out to maximize their revenue and this can be achieved through maximum market share. However, the increase in the price of gas did not work in their favor and they both had to entice their customers through promotions which eventually reduced their revenue. In their quest to increase individual market share, the two rivals are faced with two options to choose from. They can either choose to cooperate or compete. To cooperate the two have to share information about their moves and each has to trust the other (Talent, 2010b). Conversely, if they choose to compete they have to ensure that their moves are as secret as possible. Revenue from cooperation is more or less assured though it is less than the revenue one can earn from competing. Unfortunately, the revenue from competing is highly risk given that the market is small and one will soon learn moves taken by the opponent. Arguably, the two rivals are better off sharing information than competing as this will save them from further decline in revenue through expanding their promotions. The dilemma is whether to trust the information given by the opponent or not given that the opponent can lie. As it is seen in the end, while everybody thinks that the two have agreed to cooperate, it turns out that Sharon had lied to James (Talent, 2010b).