ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A defining characteristic of human beings is that they are social creatures. As such, relationships play a crucial role in the lives of all individuals. In most cases, people with some similarities group together and form an entity known as a community. By definition, a community is a feeling of fellowship with others, as a result of sharing common attitudes, interests, and goals. Every person has a strong need to belong to a community. We all desire to be accepted by the people around us. As a human being, I desire a relationship with people who have attitudes, interests, and goals similar to my own. I have found this relationship in the LGBTQ community, which I am a member of. LGBTQ as a Community The LGBTQ is a community since it bares some of the defining characteristic of a community. Brown and Hannis (2012) document that a community possesses attributes that easily distinguish it from the rest of the society. The distinguishing attribute of LGBTQ people is that they have non-heterosexual sexual orientations. Another community characteristic of members of the LGBTQ is that they share in a belief, which is that people should not be discriminated against because of their sexual preferences. In addition to this, the LGBTQ is a community since it is made up of a relatively small segment of the society. Challenges in the Community There are a number of challenges to being a part of the LGBTQ community. To begin with, this community still exists in an environment where discrimination based on sexual orientation persists. While the society is today more accepting of LGBTQ lifestyles than in the past decades, there is still significant contempt and negative pressure for LGBTQ members. Fetner, et al. (2012) reveal that once a person is involved in the LGBTQ community, he/she becomes easy to identify by the rest of the society. This can provoke a backlash and make visible some of the hostilities to LGBTQs that remain hidden so long as the LGBTQ people are not identifiable. Being a member of the community therefore exposes me to being targeted by intolerant people who have strong anti-gay sentiments. If I was not a member of the society, I might have been able to go undetected by such people and therefore avoid discrimination. Within the community,
The Bell Jar is the novel of 19-year-old Esther Greenwood. It describes how until the beginning of her recovery, she breaks into a mental illness. From the first person, Esther recounts the events of her life. She talks about her life, the tribulations she went through as a result of her mental sickness. Her psychiatric condition left her mother with great concern and equally ashamed of Esther. This is because they believe that when people know about Esther’s mental status, they will judge her role as a parent. Throughout the novel, Esther struggles with her condition, and the incidents in the story contribute significantly to her growing insanity. It gets worse when she tries to take her own life. Esther is not the only person with mental illness in the novel. Her friend Joan is also depressed and found dead later; she committed suicide by hanging herself. The novel ends with Esther showing signs of recovery, and she is about to be discharged from the hospital in which she was being treated. This paper aims to explore and analyzes Esther evolution throughout the text and her growth. Esther lives in a society in which women’s role is restricted and ladies must behave accordingly. However, for men, there is more room to act freely. Buddy, the man courting Esther, for instance, demands that Esther stays home and remain pure while having sexual adventures with other women, which weighs heavily on Esther. She has her desires like having sex, which the society does not allow her to achieve. This is why she must manage the stress and live life as if nothing is wrong. This is clear as she states that purity was the main concern when she was nineteen. Rather than dividing the world into ethnic groups or states, or even men and women, it was split into persons who had sex and those who did not. Gender was the only object that appeared to vary substantially from one human and another. Esther states that she was expecting much from the society by thinking that one day change would come over her. Esther is under pressure to lose her virginity because it is the only way society will stop judging her. The community attaches importance to virginity so that ladies remain pure. However, as previously mentioned, there is a double standard when it comes to men and women on this subject. Esther is expected to stay a virgin until marriage; however, she opts for the alternative and wants to have sex. The men she meets are of little assistance towards achieving her objective. After realizing that he has had sex with another person, she rejects Buddy. The double standard implied by his conduct is more upsetting to her. She was told to keep her virginity at all costs. In addition, she is also annoyed that he led her to think that Buddy was also a virgin yet that was a lie. Another man, Eric, will not have sex, either, because he thinks that the act is awful or unclean. When Esther loses her virginity, she finds that it is not what she expects, though it was satisfying. At school, other girls mock her for studying and put pressure on her to lose her virginity. Their mockery demonstrates that society always forces her to be
Modern military bases can be discussed as the developed communities where soldiers live with their spouses and children. From this point, many military families living in these communities face the problem of organizing the effective care for their children because of the lack of affordable child care facilities. However, it is important to note that the quality of the soldiers’ service is directly associated with the development of families’ households within the community and families’ comfort. If the military family experiences problems with providing the effective care for children, this fact can influence the soldiers’ performance negatively. Thus, the US Department of Defense (DoD) is expected to pay more attention to organizing the high-quality and affordable child care facilities in the military communities with the focus on developing the military child care system, reforming the priority principle, and improving the system’s financing because of the necessity to respond to the needs of the hundreds of families living at the US military bases. The development and improvement of the military child care system is the first step to changing the situation for better because of organizing more facilities of different levels for children from the numerous military families. Many military families have children who are below the school age, but these children have no opportunity to attend the child development centers or stay with the in-home family care providers because there are few available places in the centers. Moreover, many military parents cannot afford to pay the child care providers’ fees because they “operate as private contractors and set their own fees” (Kozaryn, 2014). As a result, parents should choose the work in shifts in order to receive the opportunity to care for their children. Even if the military family can afford the services of the child care providers, the quality of care is still questionable because these persons can violate health and safety standards (Fitzsimons & Krause-Parello, 2009, p. 42). From this perspective, the military child care system should be improved significantly in relation to establishing more child care centers and hiring more trained child care professionals in order to provide the military families with the opportunity to support the life-work balance. The second step is the reformation and improvement of the priority principle according to which military families can expect the places for their children in the child care centers. Referring to the example of the Kaiserslautern Military Community, the American community in Germany, it is possible to note that the waiting list is the basic challenge for military families to receive the high-quality care for their children. Those children from the families of child care providers are of the top priority. Then, single parents and families with the deployed members are placed in the waiting list ( Child Development Center, 2008). This priority principle also works in the
Executive Summary The use of the internet in marketing goods and services is known as e-marketing. Its proliferation can be attributed to the technological advancement in the modern world. As the digital era conquers humanity and with the rapidly changing advances in information and technology, marketers and advertisers gradually shift strategies in brand promotion and awareness to be in line with such modernization. Apple Inc., further enhances their brand by injecting e-marketing as part of their corporate marketing methods in promoting brand awareness, introducing new products and drawing in more customers as part of the Apple user clan. Though in the past the company adopted traditional marketing strategies in creating pull in the market, the company position itself as one of the leaders in the consumer electronics and mobile devices industry, it has adopted e-marketing strategies such as the use of online advertisements to endorse new products and services, announce promotions and the company has developed an online Apple store which enables customers to purchase goods and services without the hassle of visiting the nearest Apple store or lining up, products are delivered to the users’ doorsteps in a matter of days. Apple Inc.’s has been popular in terms of its advertising campaigns such as the 1984 Super Bowl Commercial, the 1990s Think Different campaign and the 2000s iPhod people campaign (Apple’s Brand Strategy, n. p.). In the past decades the company’s style of marketing can be seen prominently on their buying of print ads and TV commercials but gradually as the turn of the 21 st century dawned, Apple Inc. has been using the internet as part of its marketing campaigns. In the “Switch” campaign of 2001, Apple used traditional TV and print ads in the campaign but decided to add the usage of the internet by directing users to a website where Mac myths were dispelled (Apple, Google tops in loyalty survey, n. p.). Introduction The turn of the 21 st century has given rise to the popularity of the internet where information can be transmitted wirelessly through the World Wide Web. The information age has changed the way people think and behave altering the attitude of the market in consuming products and services. On the business side, marketers and advertisers of corporations and enterprises have slowly adjusted to the digital era by using the internet to their advantages. E-marketing is the process of promoting a brand’s products and services over the internet. It is also known and referred to as internet marketing, digital marketing, web marketing, online marketing or search marketing (Internet Marketing – How, When, Where, n. p.)The concept of e-marketing has a broad scope for it does not only inclu
Outline   * Introduction   * Elements of deceptive advertisements   * How a case account to deceptive advertisements   * Conclusion Introduction The Federal trade commission policy paper declares deceptive advertisement to be unfair, misleading and of material respect which is against the law. These advertisements may sometimes persuade falsehood purchase of products. Hence, there is a need to identify the elements of deceptive advertisement which will enable the protection of the consumer from such advertisements. Elements of deceptive advertisements Most of deceptive advertisement cases are supported with certain elements. The first element being that, there has to be a description or error of neglect that is probable to delude the consumer. Deceptive advertisements cases that have been found deceptive usually comprise false verbal or written representations. In some instances it is the error of neglect of information which is needed to avert the assertion, from being misleading. The second element is the practice from the consumer point of view acting reasonably to the situation the measure is the response or interpretations by a reasonable consumer. To be regarded as sensible, the understanding or response does not have to be the only measure but also if that is the massage represented was deliberated to convey. Finally the last element being, representation, error of neglect, or practice is of material nature. The fundamental issue is whether the act or presentation is likely to have an effect on the consumer’s judgment regarding the product (Federal Trade Commission: Policy Statement on Deception Para. 4- 34). Happy Cows Company and deceptive advertisements issue Happy Cows Company being a competitor in supply of milk has shown interest of being a market leader in the supply of milk. In line with this, Happy Cows Company decided to advertise its milk product as Organic while in fact the company is producing 50% organic milk and the other 50% being hormonal milk. With this labeling of its milk as organic it translates to 75% sales if its milk. To this point the company labeling on its milk as organic translate to a deceptive advertisement. To start with, it brings out a misleading massage to the consumers as all the milk is labeled organic yet not all of the milk is organic resulting to consumers misinformed as the company does not explicitly explain to the consumers in their advert that however they sell organic milk, they also sell the hormonal milk. This will mislead the consumer that they are really buying Organic milk although it is not satisfied. The company’s description of the milk as organic conveys a false meaning other than the intended one of also selling its hormonal milk. This happens to be confusing to a reasonable consumer even though there is a disclaimer that it is not satisfied to be standard. In any case the consumer expect that any product selling in the market has to have meet some standards which of course Happy Cows need to have met b
Summary of Articles The two articles talk of corporate organizations and problems they face regionally and in the global market. The business environment has changed leading many corporate organizations to experience problems related to their management. The article by The Economist (2012) highlights the endangered companies from the perspective of their performance. Public companies no-longer support the high number of employees like initially making it difficult to thrive in tough economic times. This has continuously declined their performance and created new opportunities for their competitors such as private, multinational companies. On the other hand, Diamond’s (2012) article on corporate personhood reconsidered is about the treatments corporate gives to its employees leading to frequent strikes and lack of improved working conditions. The author of the article argued that the personalization of corporate and the boards of directors works in managing the institution for their own benefits without considering the status of other stakeholders. Similarities Despite the two articles written by two different authors who had different perspectives on the corporate world, they managed to pinpoint some problems facing the current corporate organizations. Both authors had reasons in explaining challenges that organizations face; affects their performances making them competitively disadvantage leading to their collapse. According to Diamond (2012), the corporate is no longer meant for shareholders but personalization leading to more problems. Those in power and manages the organizations have personalized the corporate and introduced some practices, which do not associate with the corporate culture. This has continuously affected the growth pattern, as stakeholders do not participate in discussing some of the arising issues. On the other hand, The Economist (2012) argued on the declining performances of the public societies, as they no longer offload their offers to the public for the initial purchase. The author argues that this has been because of the rise of economic powers, policy makers, and the emergence of private companies. They have created an unfavorable environment for public companies to perform. The two articles mention the role of government as distinctive in shaping the performance of companies. According to Diamond (2012), courts have influenced the concentration of corporate by protecting them from their stakeholders. This has made it easy for personalization because of court rulings, which gives them protection and all other manners of services. The 14th amendment protects the welfare of the corporate at the expense of their workers leading to economical injustices to the workers in the corporate. Thi
The issue of the common core state standard (CCSS) initiative is a rather controversial topic that is promoted by some people as the foundation for students’ success and resisted by others as something that impedes creative thinking and shapes barriers. This paper will provide arguments in favor of the common core. Staircase The common core serves as a staircase, allowing students to climb the career ladder systematically. Meeting the standards, students ensure that they have sufficient knowledge and skills to contribute to their education and move to the next level. As noted by VanTassel-Baska (2015), “CCSS require students to produce evidence of learning through products that emphasize the use of higher level skills” (p. 60). In other words, the implementation of standards promotes students’ development and facilitates the enhancement of their career. Fairness CCSS provides equality in education by offering the same tests to every student regardless of residence, race, ethnicity, etc. Avila and Moore (2012) reckon that teachers are expected to utilize CCSS to “shape the standards toward a stronger inclusion of both digital and critical literacies” (p. 29). In terms of the general nature of standards, students are likely to receive equal opportunities in developing their critical thinking and digital literacy that is especially significant in nowadays rapidly developing technology era. Flexibility The opponents of CCSS consider that tests refer to the outdated and clumsy mechanism that cannot recognize students’ potential and individual peculiarities, thus causing frustration in both teachers and students. However, it should be noted that the criteria for standards are usually revised in a constant manner (Shanahan, 2012). Nevertheless, there is the fact that many teachers remain unaware of the introduced changes. Thus, it becomes evident that the need for adequate and timely information dissemination and training turns out to be quite relevant. New format tests Continuing the issue of the permanent reconsideration of core common state standards, one may note the new format of tests offered to students to verify whether they are ready to move to the next level or not. For example, according to CCSS, it is recommended to replace conventional multiple-choice tests by fraction tests, where a student should drag each fraction to the correct place on the line (“Common Core State Standard Initiative (CCSS),” 2017). Such a new version of testing requires an in-depth understanding of a certain topic and prevents random answers. Better knowledge and tools CCSS involves a wide range of resources and instruments that may be used by students to learn one or the other topic. For instance, official websites, personal accounts, mobile applications, e-books, discussions in social networks and other online platforms, etc. provide students with convenient and advantageous tools to facilitate continuous learning. More to the point, the promotion of research and evidence-based practices also catalyzes students’ excellen
Essay Plan Topic : How important is the concept of work-life balance among the members of the labor force? What are the efforts contributed by the labor unions, business units and the government in achieving work-life balance? Summary of Argument : Work-life balance is becoming one of the most important aspects for the members of the labor force now a days. This paper will argues that despite all the continuing efforts of labor unions, businesses and even the government to enhance work-life balance of every member of the labor force, efforts still not enough as there are always new issues arising or new pressures coming of the workers’ side. Definition : Based on through research, work-life balance is the ability to manage both work and personal life in an equal and most effective way. To quote: “ The expression “work-life balance” was first used in the late 1970s to describe the balance between an individual’s work and personal life .” (Canning, G. 2002) List of Topics to be covered  1. Labor Unions: definitions and scope (Canning, G. 2002; Hynönen P. 2000; Weidman, S. 2006; Pressler, M & Swoboda, F. 1997)  2. Business units’ efforts contributed to maintain work-life balance (Welty, G. 1991; Grossman, R.2005; Laubacher, R. & Malone, T. 1997; Tyson, J. 1999; Mathey, A. 2002; Kaboolian, L. 1999; Jusko, J. 2003)  3. Government’s way of enhancing work-life balance – (Jitendra, M. 2002; Joyce, A. 2004; Chaison, G. & Bigelow, B. 2002) Conclusion Indeed, there are a number of efforts from all sides: the unions, the business sector and the government. There may be some loopholes in some aspects or there may be some areas that still need to be address and taken into account to, but what is important is that we are all getting there. In time, we can all say that work-life balanced has really been achieved and maintained.