ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper explores criminality as a current global issue in light of personality theory. As a present issue, crime is subtly linked to terrorism, the spread of environment, fear, and a decrease in financial development. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the association between an individual’s personality and antisocial behavior. It also looks at the limitation of such a view and how other factors such as environment, ethnicity, gender, and other social factors may help explain the linkage. Introduction According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2007), increasing the crime rate is one of the pressing challenges across the globe. The safety of most societies is threatened by crime and violence, especially in urban settings. This is translated into an increase in expenditure on security measures and the generation of a climate of terror among the populace as well as a general decrease in the development of the economy (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007). For instance, the economy can be weakened by organized crime through acts such as evasion of tax and smuggling of drugs. The resultant effect is the failure of both the federal and state authorities to collect tax revenue. Thus, an increase in criminality is one of the major challenges humanity is currently facing. The link between crime and acts of terror has also been considered by policymakers and professionals on the national safety front. It has been observed that both terrorism and crime are motivated by financial gain even though ideology is the main driving force behind terrorism contrary to the need for profitability in criminality. Moreover, organized criminal groups may be a potential source of funding for terrorists. Personality Theory and Criminality Nonetheless, the motivating factors for criminality have been under review in many research studies. Most policymakers have pondered on whether to advocate for new enforcement measures in dealing with the escalating cases of crime. This paper, however, focuses on how the understanding of personality theory is vital in explaining the escalation of criminality in modern society. The article, Crime, and Personality: Personality Theory and Criminality Examined by Joan A. Reid provides an in-depth analysis of the link between personality theory and criminality. According to Reid (2011), the need for clear-cut answers to the involvement of “normal” individuals in crimes such as murder, rape, or molestation of minors has confounded many scholars. For many years, despite its long-term recognition, the significance of personality theory in the study of criminality has been fiercely debated by criminologists. However, as shown by Reid (2011), there are two major ways of linking personality and criminality. Firstly, delinquent behavior may be associated with some traits in an individual’s personality structure as expla
Conducting nursing research is a complicated task, which requires the selection of an appropriate study design. It can be either quantitative or qualitative, and these two types are distinguished by their purpose and data analysis instruments. For instance, quantitative methods of examination are aimed at evaluating statistical data and skills for further interpretation of corresponding issues (Jung, 2019). In other words, they are applicable to the cases when information is expressed in numerical formats (Jung, 2019). In turn, qualitative design is intended for receiving more comprehensive information on the matter while describing phenomena in detail (Chicca, 2020). It allows assessing various characteristics in the scope of a single study and, therefore, is viewed as more challenging. Another difference between these two approaches is the adoption of varying techniques for data analysis. In quantitative nursing research, they include statistical methods such as univariate, bivariate, and multivariate, which examine a single variable, the relationship between two variables, and evaluate multiple variables, respectively (Jung, 2019). Hence, they are solely oriented on numerical connections from evidence-based statistics. Meanwhile, qualitative data analysis implies the use of more complex programs for this purpose. They process the gathered information by identifying common themes and translating abstract ideas into meaningful findings (Chicca, 2020). As a result, this design provides more data, thereby increasing the possibility of bias. Research questions will differ in these types of studies accordingly. For quantitative nursing research, it can be: Is the economic situation of patients from hospital N related to obesity? In the case of qualitative design, the question would be: Do people with diabetes type 1 using mobile apps reminding them of lower blood sugars manage their condition better than other patients? The investigation of these problems in the future will help gain a better understanding of an advanced nursing role.
Introduction Injecting rooms have drawn sharp criticism as well as support from society. The idea of establishing injecting rooms is a relatively new one around the globe as there are not so many of them in the world. This essay examines the idea of governments setting up injecting rooms. Drawing proofs from various researches and making logical and philosophical arguments, this essay aims at discouraging governments from setting up injecting rooms. The essay will show that injecting rooms will actually cause more harm to society that the perceived benefits they are likely to bring. Criticism against Injecting Rooms Vague arguments and researches Supporters of injecting rooms claim that injecting rooms are beneficial to the society and that the ones which are in existence have saved many lives especially from the dangers of drug overdosing (Moore 2011). Power (2010) narrated the story of Lotte a regular user of Sydney’s supervised injecting room. Power (2010) claimed that she overdosed once and passed out: “She’d injected in a hurry, in a car, concerned that police were close by. The heroin was too strong and she passed out” (p. 1). Power (2010) went on to argue that injecting rooms have saved the lives of many drug users most of whom are marginalized and stigmatized. It is as much as Power’s arguments have some sense, it is important that some facts are pointed out. The story on Lotte injecting herself hurriedly in car because the cops were around does not make sense as she should have simply moved to an isolated place. It makes more sense for the marginalised to use rehabilitation centers than to rush to injecting rooms for more drugs. With rehabilitation centres, drug users have more chances to improve their lives. It has emerged that some of the studies carried out to show that injecting rooms are saving lives of drug users have in some cases been carried out in an unprofessional manner. Glaring errors have been pointed out in such reports and this has gravely cast doubts on the significance of injecting rooms. Mangham (2007) offered a sharp critique on Canada’s Insite Injection Site reports and indeed proved that evaluations made by this facility were unreliable. In another instance, Pike et al. (2011) showed that an article titled “Reduction in overdose mortality after the opening of North America’s first medically supervised safer injecting facility: a retrospective population-based study” published in The Lancet failed to take into account various important aspects which have changed the results of the study. Though the article argued that Vancouver’s Insite Supervised Injection Facility had le
The very concept of “gospel” comes from the Anglo-Saxon and means “good news”. This concept is widely understood and closely related to the Christian tradition. The good news that gospel is carrying implies the imminent coming of the Kingdom of God on earth. The genre trait of gospel music thus implies the praise and celebration of Christian doctrines. Gospel has developed from the very beginning of the Christian tradition and implies the establishment and expression of faith in the basic symbols of Christianity. A separate place in the gospel tradition is occupied by the figure of Jesus Christ, and the recognition of his immortality, the fact of his death for the sins of people and the subsequent resurrection. The most common idea of ​​this genre is within the tradition of the Baptist Church, where gospel was formed into a peculiar genre with a melodic thematic and performative tradition. However, throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the gospel tradition has taken on an impressive number of ramifications. In the current situation of many musical genres and the fullness of the music industry, gospel could not remain in an isolated state and develop on its own. It is known that in the Western cultural tradition of our time there is a fairly large demand for music with a Christian message. There are even separate charts for Christian music that does not imply that this music is traditional or sacred like a church choir. However, many of the Baptist gospel traditions find their way into contemporary popular music. Many funk, rock and soul performers have used gospel elements in their music, re-arranging gospel songs for a live band. There are many relevant examples of the integration of gospel traditions into popular music, from the conservative to the experimental. The Australian group Hillsong Worship deserves special attention, as their songs and live performances, when viewed, reveal strong similarities with the traditional song mass in the southern Methodist church. Hillsong Worship is a group that is obviously quite popular in particular circles. Judging by their performance, it is obvious that they bring together people from a wide variety of classes and demographics in their audience. Their target is a Christian audience, and therefore the differences in the statuses of people are not important for them. This underlines one of the main messages of this group – their desire to convey the unifying and transcending idea of the Christian religion. The musical group essentially continues the tradition of modern gospel, which uses modern technological innovation to
Introduction To be able to counter terrorism threats, it is essential to understand what factors influence the decision of people that join a terrorist organization. The chosen topic is related to issues of terrorism. The social phycology concept of attitude change is relevant to the subject as it is focused on how individuals’ behavior is affected by social factors. The literature in question explores the problem of why somebody wants to be engaged in terrorism and methods for identifying the risk factors that can indicate the possibility of a person being interested in violent activities. Literature Review Altier, Thoroughgood, and Horgan (2014) have focused their research on why people choose to leave terrorist organizations. While it is essential to understand the aspect of joining such groups, the question of why one decides to disengage is vital in providing an understanding of how to oppose the terrorists and their recruiting efforts. The authors pointed out the lack of clearly identified concepts in the field of study. Both Rusbult’s investment model and Ebaugh’s theory were applied to explain the motivation behind the decision to leave. Also, the authors examine the “push” and “pull” factors within the study (Altier, Thoroughgood & Horgan, 2014, p. 30). The analysis can be used to develop policies that would discourage people from joining terrorist organizations. Borum (2015) explored the question of why people choose to become terrorists. The author stated that there are various methods for assessing the possibility of a person involving oneself in violent activities. However, there are no studies with empirical evidence, which explore the topic of terrorist group involvement and factors that influence it. The survey, conducted by the author suggests several approaches to risk assessment with regards to terrorism engagement. Also, Borum (2015) suggested guiding principles for developing similar methods. Additionally, he proposed the concept of a formulation-based model for terrorism assessment possibilities. Combs (2018) explored the activities of terrorists about the twenty-first-century implications. In the book, various aspects of the issue are explained, including the author’s research on the topic of who are terrorists and how they operate. Combs (2018) examined the ideology and other factors that contribute to the likelihood of one joining a radical organization. Most importantly, the author offered an insight into the current and future trends that affect the terrorist groups. The book is useful as it provides a clear understanding of how the groups recruit people and how they operate as well as the prospects of their activity. Doosje et al. (2016) focused their
Introduction Piaget contributed so much to present understanding of cognitive development. He proposed that cognitive development in human beings takes place in various stages. According to Piaget, cognitive development progresses from learning through actions to learning through practical thinking as one develops. Like other cognitive theorists, he believed that knowledge exists in certain distinct units, schemata. In his view, Piaget believed that one’s schema or units of knowledge are modified with experiences. Experiences that students go through do serve in modifying the students’ knowledge. Much learning will therefore, occur if learners come across many experiences. In this lesson, students will learn through experiences presented to them. They will receive classroom instructions on the theories put forward to explain how evolution takes place. The students will be assigned reading materials to prepare them for the lesson. Observational learning The students will learn by observing the archaeological charts provided by the teacher. Besides the charts, they will also watch the video clips on evolution. The teacher and parents will then reinforce the behaviours reproduced by the students after the observation process. Objectives By the end of the seven sessions, the learners should be able to define evolution. They should also be able to identify and describe the theories of origin of life; creation, cosmic and chemical theories. Besides, the students will also be able to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed theories. Further still, students will also be able to discuss the evidences in support of chemical evolution. Materials A wide range of materials are essential for this lesson. Hand held archaeological charts could be used for this lesson. Video clips on evolution will also be provided in the lesson. Projectors will be crucial in viewing the video clips. Drawing boards are also needed for illustrations. Presentation slides will also be handy in this lesson. Technology connection Technology can be incorporated into the lesson to make it more vivid and appealing to the students. Archaeological charts especially those showing evolution of man.Video clips can also be downloaded from Web. Clip on the experiment to prove chemical evolution theory, Miller Experiment. Biblical integration The lesson will no doubt have an impact on the worldview of the learners. Christianity and other renowned world religions believe that the earth and all forms of life that thrive in it are a creation of a supreme power. On the contrary, chemical evolution theorists believe that life came about by chance and that all the complex life forms that we observe today evolved from the simple life forms. As illustrated in the book of Genesis, God created heavens and earth and all that dwell in it. Biologists believe in chemical evolution theory of evolution while the religious sects believe in creationism. Whereas biologists believe that organisms are evolving from the simple life forms to more complex forms Christians believe that all the organisms as observed today are of the same form as they were at creation. They do beli
History of Alibaba Group Alibaba Group’s origin dates back to the late 1990s. Jack Ma who was initially an English instructor in Hanzhou established the Alibaba Group in the late 1990s together with almost 20 other members. They had a common conviction that small companies had the ability to influence expertise and novelty via the internet to develop and rival more efficiently in the local and international markets. The company launched its website, Alibaba.com that assisted small Chinese entrepreneurs, manufacturers, and exporters to sell their products on the international market. Over the years, the firm has grown into a world leader when it comes to mobile and online commerce (Liu & Forsythe, 2010). It had a successful IPO in the US that turned out to be the largest in the history of IPOs (Thomas & Barreto, 2014). The company runs its basic operations from China. As of September 2014, it had a market value of 231 billion US dollars. Its website is also among the twenty websites that have the highest online traffic in the world accounting for a significant portion of parcel deliveries to China. The website is also responsible for over two-thirds of China’s online sales (Liu & Forsythe, 2010). The firm is currently planning to establish businesses in India, which is one of the world’s most populous countries in its expansionary plans. India provides one of the largest markets in terms of consumers. Alibaba’s Innovations One of Alibaba’s greatest innovations is Alibaba.com that accounts for the huge profits that the company enjoys. The initial Alibaba.com website listed thousands of China’s factories that offered manufacturing outsourcing services for numerous sectors within the Chinese economy. The website enabled foreign firms and businesses that were looking for manufacturers of the right kind to produce the products they needed. The innovation made the orders placed for the production of goods by the Chinese run into thousands of units. Another great innovation by the Alibaba Group is Taobao, which is an online consumer portal that is closely similar to the United States’ eBay.com (Yang, 2006). Taobao is a consumer-to-consumer portal that enables clients to trade between or among themselves. However, Taobao was unique in some aspects. It was able to tap into Alibaba’s existing database of manufacturers and producers. Taobao made it possible for factories and farmers to have a direct link with customers. Taobao allowed both consumers and producers of commodities to transact directly without the need for intermediaries via its order fulfilment services and centres. Taobao has been proved a powerful economic engine. When this innovation is combined with the emerging middle class in China that is made up of at least 400 million potential consumers, the results are incredible. This innovative consumer-to-business model has completely changed the way businesses operate. The producers have taken up the roles that were initially played by businesses, thus making them improve on th
Emily Dickinson’s poetry contains sensibility with its awareness of mortality and the attendant anxiety. Using the phrases, narratives, and images of death, she forged ambiguity of experience from moment to moment (Roberts and Jacobs 1110). By scrutinizing her emotions in all their contrariness, Using unique themes in Because I could not stop for Death , I heard a fly buzz- when I died , and I died for beauty , Emily Dickinson expresses her inner strength in a peculiar way which has a deep impact on reader’s perception. Dickenson portrays that a soul is not alone in the beyond, and when it crosses this line, it can witness the power of reality. Using the theme of death, the author says that she has to cut her connections with the world and anticipates death. Thesis The theme of death dominates in the poems selected for analysis and unveils true feelings and life perception of Emily Dickenson. Three poems describe inner state of a person through themes of grief and sadness. A self and human soul is shown to be a perpetual observance of rites in which nothing much happens, but everything has meaning and value (Budick, p. 62). It is possible to say that Because I could not stop for Death depicts the beginning stage of the developing mind, I heard a fly buzz can be seen as a continuation of this process, and I died for beauty – but was scarce is a result of this thinking (death). Overwhelmed by fear and panic, she repeatedly falls into a psychic abyss, but she learns from these encounters with the depths of herself to discern a pattern of relationships in what threatens to be unbounded despair. For instance, “The eyes beside had wrung them dry,/ And breaths were gathering sure / For that last onset, when the king / Be witnessed in his power”. Her initial forays enable her to map points of consciousness, specific emotions, or states of mind, and after years of experience and careful observation, she recognizes interconnections (Brantley, p. 43). Because I could not stop for Deat
In addition to its physical effects on the chronic drinker’s body, alcohol is associated with a variety of mental impairments. Alcoholic dementia and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome are among the most prominent concerns in the matter. The former is a blanket term for a variety of cognitive deficiencies caused by the substance. The latter is a two-stage condition that results from a B1 vitamin deficiency and can progress into apathy and chronic amnesia if left untreated (Levinthal, 2014). This answer will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of the two illnesses and the differences in their degrees of danger. Alcoholic dementia expresses similar symptoms as many other mental impairments and can be challenging to identify at first. Fillit, Rockwood, and Young (2017) suggest an instrument that can be used as a screening tool in the case of suspected substance abuse. Most treatments for the condition involve behavioral and cognitive therapy that focuses on abstinence and the elimination of the causes behind the consumption of the substance. If necessary, sedatives may be administered to calm down the patient, particularly in case of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome’s emergence. In the long term, the effects of alcoholic dementia on the body are mostly reversible. As is mentioned above, malnutrition is the primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. According to Balan, Murrell, and Lentz (2018), treatment should begin with a complete medical evaluation as soon as there is suspicion of the condition. Generally, the illness can be halted through the consumption of a balanced diet and an increased vitamin B1 intake. However, while the effects of the Wernicke encephalopathy, the first stage, are reversible, the damage caused by the Korsakoff syndrome that follows is not. As such, the second condition is substantially more harmful than the first unless noticed and prevented early.