ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The European Union was established in 1993. Over time, it grew to have 27 countries as members. Established primarily as an economic and political force, the European Union has, over time, evolved to encompass many other functions. These functions now range from the primary focuses to security, ethics and so on. This section covers some of the most significant changes in the European Union. The European Union produces about 30% of the world’s gross product. For such a giant economic block, security is a significant problem. In January 2007, the member countries of the European Union took distinctive steps towards curbing the security menace. The law enforcement departments in the member states agreed to share their databases containing such information as fingerprints, DNA, license plate information, and so on. This was an expansion of a seven-state database that was already in existence (Workpermit, 2007). The implication would be that all criminal records in the European Union would be contained in one common database. Still, in January 2007, rules on immigration and expansion of the European Union were made tighter. From then on, the Union would operate under the common base of patriotism. A group of deputies formed and became the primary drivers of this task force. This group called itself “Identity, Tradition and Sovereignty” (Workpermit, 2007). The rules on immigration were stipulated to control the number of foreigners seeking employment within the member states of the European Union. They were also supposed to maintain the European Union’s long tradition of Christian values and fair resource sharing amongst the member states. Europe’s latest expansion occurred when Bulgaria and Romania joined it. This brought the total number of member states to 27. The Union is now sometimes called Euro-27. Both of these new members were former communist states, and it will be some time before they are fully integrated into the general functions of the Union (Neil, 2007). But just as Slovenia, another post-communist country, managed to integrate Euros into their national circulation, it is but a matter of time before these latest additions to the European Union become fully active in the Union’s economy. As with all previous entrants into the European Union, these new members had to pass the Copenhagen Criteria, which checks a state’s readiness to compete within the Union and to follow all European Union rules. There are now several other potential candidates for the Union, including Croatia, Turkey, and the Republic of Macedonia. Some countries within the European Union have worked towards being a non-smoking policy. Although this has not occurred across the entire Union, the influence of the Union is still evident in how this policy has spread. The first countries to ban public smoking within the Union
How do people become aware of their racial or ethnic differences? Can these differences be artificially constructed? These are the questions that many psychologists and educators try to examine in their studies. The promotion of diversity and multiculturalism in schools is an important task that educators are responsible for. However, as a result of these activities, color-blind children begin to pay more attention to race or ethnicity of their fellow students. This is one of the issues that Susan Konig explores in her essay They’ve Got to Be Carefully Taught . In this paper, I will analyze this essay in terms of purpose, logos, pathos, logos and diction that make the writer’s arguments more convincing. The main goal of this essay is to demonstrate that teachers can unwillingly highlight the racial, cultural, or ethnic differences among students, especially when they promote cultural diversity in schools. This purpose is not explicitly formulated, but Susan Konig does it showing how children, who know nothing about race, begin to speak about the color of a person’s skin, nationality, or ethnic background. The author says that due to “the concentrated efforts of their teachers, these two-and three-year-olds are talking about things that separate rather than connect” (Konig 52). So, the purpose of this essay is reasonable. It can have significant implications for educators who remember that their efforts can often adverse effects. Overall, the intended readers of this essay can be parents and teachers who are responsible for the education of children and adolescents. Susan Konig does not strongly rely on ethos in her essay; in other words she does not stress the idea that her opinions are authoritative; however, the writer mentions that she comes from a multi-cultural family (Konig 52). Overall, the word ethos is used to describe the strategies that an author employs in order to demonstrate his/her credibility. For instance, in some cases, writers or public speakers discuss their background knowledge or expertise. In contrast, Susan Konig does not claim to be an expert in the field of education; instead she focuses on her experiences as a parent. It seems that this strategy is quite successful because Susan Konig’s ideas can be familiar to many parents who also have to speak about diversity in front of students. At such moment, many of them feel rather uncomfortable. This is why this essay appears to be very convincing. One can say that the author uses logos or reasoning in order to elaborate her argument. In this case, the term logos can be interpreted as the appeal to the rationality of the reader. Susan Konig does it by showing how color-blind children can learn about such concepts as race or ethnicity at that moment when they do not have any knowledge of history or culture of the United States. Her arguments are mostly on her observations. Susan Konig provides very convincing examples showing how the behavior of children is affected by the activities of teachers who promote multiculturalism and focus children’s attention to racia
Introduction Sue Monk Kidd’s novel The Secret Life of Bees throws light on the some of the significant changes underwent by the American society in the early sixties. Much attention should be paid to the Civil Rights Movement which was aimed at empowering African-American citizens. To some degree, this issue attracts the attention of the writer. In particular, the author illustrates the legacies of racism and their impacts on the community. One of the main consequences that should be considered is the dehumanization of an individual only because he/she is black. This novel incorporates several characters who are willing to stand against the racist norms or attitudes that deprive a person of his/her dignity. In particular, one can consider such characters as Rosaleen and Zach. To a great extent, they can be regarded as individuals who are not willing to accept injustice, even knowing that this protest can endanger their own wellbeing. Apart from that, these characters understand that very few people will support them. Moreover, their actions highlight the brutal nature of racism which can produce disastrous effects on the community and separate individuals. This paper is aimed at discussing the behavior of these people in greater detail. The moral courage of the two characters It is possible to describe important scenes that can emphasize the moral strength of these characters. In particular, one can look at Rosaleen’s behavior when she confronts people who are reluctant to accept the idea that African-American people can be allowed to vote. They try to taunt her believing that they can do it with impunity. In turn, Rosaleen spills her “snuff juice” on their shoes (Kidd 32). In other words, it was a chewing-tobacco juice. As a result, she is arrested. To a great extent, this behavior can be explained by the fact that Rosaleen reaches a certain breaking point at which a person can no longer tolerate dehumanization. Overall, Rosaleen knows that governmental institutions are not likely to support her. Nevertheless, she is willing to withstand this encounter. To a great extent, readers can empathize with this character. Additionally, one should bear in mind that only Lily is willing to support her. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. This scene is also important because it indicates the cruelty
Ethics committees are time-tested and trusted institutions that serve as the arbiters of morality in healthcare settings. However, there are concerns that many such boards are biased, primarily due to the prevalence of medical workers among their membership. As a result, they do not remain impartial and focus on the interests of the care providers over those of the patients. An increased representation of people who represent the population may help resolve the issue. This essay argues that patient advocates and community members should be included on ethics committees. Ethics committees resolve disputes between medical workers and patients from an impartial position. As such, an over-representation of physicians and nurses does not allow it to perform the role. Furthermore, the presence of patient advocates alone is insufficient, as, according to Geppert and Sheldon (2016), they may feel pressured by resentment from colleagues. As such, community members should be present on the panel. However, they will usually lack the medical and ethical expertise necessary to make fully informed decisions. Patient advocates will compensate for these shortcomings by providing explanations and serving as mediators for the two sides. Community members should be present on ethics committees to represent their interests and assure the impartiality of the proceedings. They are not bound by the same restrictions and loyalties as medical workers and can defend their positions freely. However, people without education or experience in the field may struggle to offer informed and adequate opinions. They will have to undergo training in ethics, but medical expertise cannot be learned quickly and easily. The presence of patient advocates will help alleviate the concern by providing a source of unbiased medical information. Statement of Cash Flows Preparation The statement of cash flows describes the movement of money throughout the company, illustrating sources of incoming finances and various expenses. It is separate from the income statement because it lists costs and is, therefore, less suitable for evaluating the financial performance of the company. Nevertheless, it is essential for accounting, as the information in it allows one to judge whether the company is making a profit and how stable it is financially. The availability of data on the spendings of the company enables a high degree of transparency, which is vital to investors and creditors. There are two methods of presenting information in the operating section of the statement, known as the direct and indirect approaches. According to Klammer (2017), the former requires the company to “provide a reconciliation of net income to cash flows from operating activities” (p. 1-14). As a result, the statement becomes more detailed and useful to the reader. The indirect method makes companies “remove from net income the effects of all deferrals of cash receipts and payments and all accruals of cash re
Week 5 Discussion identified that the symptom management theory (SMT) could help manage pediatric oncology patients’ symptoms. However, it is reasonable to find additional scholarly and primary research articles that comment on using the proposed theoretical framework. Thus, the paper will locate four academic studies, one of them is a systematic review, that offers timely and credible evidence to support the merit of the SMT. To begin with, one should introduce and describe the selected articles. Firstly, the research by Eckerblad et al. (2020) is a qualitative study that focuses on how older community-dwelling people with multimorbidity manage various symptoms. The authors demonstrate that the SMT promotes symptom self-management among the participants, leading to their positive experience (Eckerblad et al., 2020). Secondly, a quasi-experimental study by Khamboon and Pakanta (2021) demonstrates that the SMT is a basis for an intervention “to moderate the severity of symptom clusters” among adult patients with lung cancer (p. 267). This fact demonstrates that the theoretical framework leads to positive results when applied within an oncology setting. Thirdly, Torres et al. (2019) relied on the SMT to analyze how children and adults manage cancer symptoms and found that a difference was between experience and report rates. This conclusion means that the theoretical lens can be applied to a pediatric context. Finally, a systematic review by Schmid-Mohler et al. (2019) compares the SMT to other symptom management approaches and identifies that this theoretical framework has essential benefits. Sufficient evidence proves the advantages of relying on the SMT. It is reasonable to critique the articles to determine whether they present high levels of evidence. In the beginning, one should mention that all the selected research pieces meet the general structure requirements. It is so because the four studies have the introduction, methodology, results, analysis, and conclusion sections that are necessary for high-quality scholarly studies. The Duke University Medical Center Library (2009) critique strategy will be used to investigate this issue since it is a hierarchy of evidence as per research designs. This guideline demonstrates that the systematic review by Schmid-Mohler et al. (2019) has a high level of evidence since it offers reviewed and synthesized data. The quasi-experimental study by Khamboon and Pakanta (2021) follows this research in the hierarchy based on its level of evidence. Even though this article does not imply randomization, it is still an experimental design, leading to relatively credible results. Since the two remaining articles are neither systematic reviews nor include any experiments, they are placed lower in the hierarchy of evidence. This information demonstrates that articles wi
Introduction and Summary One of the fundamental human needs is shelter through decent housing. For a long time, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been affected by the lack of adequate housing facilities to satisfy the needs of the growing population. Therefore, inadequate housing has subjected the citizens to adverse social and economic conditions that compromise their quality of life. In this light, the UAE’s economy is affected negatively due to the situation, thus threatening its sustainability. In a bid to alleviate the housing issue, the UAE government has implemented several policies that are geared towards the provision of affordable and decent housing to citizens. The Middle-Income Rental Housing Policy is one of the ambitious strategies put forward by the UAE government. In 2011, the Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council (UPC) established an initiative to build over 7500 housing units in various cities in the UAE including Abu Dhabi and Al Ain. Renowned real estate developers entered an agreement with the UPC to implement the project after signing an AED 13.5 billion agreement ( Abu Dhabi Urban Governing Council , 2015). The policy holds that the rental prices should account for 35% of the annual household income. An annual review of the income levels is mandatory to ensure that the middle-income earners can afford the housing units. A minimum period for rental of the houses is expected to be less than ten years for the efficiency of the policy. The policy also provides that 20% of the gross floor area (GFA) for residential units should be designated for middle-income earners ( Abu Dhabi Urban Governing Council , 2015). Despite the ambitious initiative, the implementation of the policy has been faced with numerous shortcomings that have threatened its success. One of the requirements for housing allocation is that an individual should own land before facilitation is done for the development. Therefore, citizens that do not own land are left out in the program, which is managed by the Housing Allocation Comm
Introduction The painting under consideration is known as “Portrait of Kangxi Emperor in Court Dress”. The artist of the painting is anonymous. However, historians agree that the artist should be the representative of the Qing Dynasty Court Painters. The painting belongs to the Late Kangxi period (17-18th centuries). “Portrait of Kangxi Emperor in Court Dress” is depicted with the help of color on silk on a hanging scroll. Main text The artwork was introduced at the exhibition “The Three Emperors,” which took place in London in 2005. Currently, it is located in Palace Museum in Beijing. Two other paintings from the exhibition are the portraits of two other great emperors of China. Yongzheng, Kangxi, and Qianlong are well-known as the most influential and powerful China rulers from the last dynasty — the Qing. Every emperor was aimed at glorifying his reign. That is why the greatest artists were asked to create remarkable portraits. The subject matter of the artwork can be understood from two perspectives. First of all, Kangxi wanted to immortalize himself. Thus, the following artwork represents a realistic depiction of that period through the portrait of the ruler. Secondly, “Portrait of Kangxi Emperor in Court Dress” has a symbolic meaning. Almost every detail in the picture is used to describe the power, wisdom, and majesty of the emperor (“Qing art” par.1). Kangxi Emperor belonged to the Qing Dynasty. Manchu Dynasty is the other name for Qing (Burbank and Cooper 212). The territories of China were expanded during the reign of the Qing Dynasty, and its representatives became a significant part of the Chinese culture (Bushel 16). Kangxi was the first of great rulers. He is pictured as a wise old man with a wrinkled face and gaunt body. He was the one, who wrote in red, while all others wrote in black. It was Kangxi, who managed to control the revolt of the “Three Feudatoris”; he also embedded Confucian principles into the culture, and made China a prosperous land (Patten 1). Kangxi was regarded as a brilliant ruler. He was intelligent, hardworking, curious, and eager for hunting, keen on reading historical and philosophical writings. It is worthwhile mentioning that he became emperor at the age of eight. When Kangxi became an adult, he dedicated his life to political and cultural affairs. He was known for spending all days writing responses, meetings with officials, and inspecting everything connected with the empire (Tanner 40). “Portrait of Kangxi Emperor in Court Dress” is a formal ritual portrait of Kangxi, who is sitting on a dragon throne wearing ceremonial robes. These robes have a symbolic meaning. Their color and shape convey the meaning of a long-lasting life. They also exemplify the fact that the Emperor is the most significant personality in the court, and has immense, divine power. Kangxi’s portrait is regarded as a hieratic one. After his death, the picture was hung in the hall of the imperial family according to the tradition (Rawski and Rawson 43). Conclusion “Portrait of Kangxi Emp
The advent of globalization has made it necessary for countries and organizations to harness the concept of intercultural communication. The concept of intercultural communication is particularly important to the countries in the Arabian Gulf where the rate of cultural diversity is at an all time high. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), executives have to deal with the issues of expatriates and immigrant workers from various cultures. Most of the workers in the UAE are foreign and this labor diversity is supported by both globalization and the country’s economic needs. In the UAE, “the total population is approximately ten million residents where expatriates account for about 90% of this populace, including residents from South Asia, China, Philippines, Thailand, Iran, North Africa, and Western countries” (Jones, 2007). Consequently, intercultural communication in the UAE refers to methods of sustaining the co-existence of individuals from ‘different racial and cultural backgrounds’ without encountering cultural conflicts within the country. This paper discusses ways of improving successful intercultural communication without having problems arise in the UAE culture. One of the most influential cultural factors in the UAE is religion. Islam has been the dominant religion in the UAE since it was founded approximately 1,400 years ago. The culture of UAE is subject to elements of Islamic religion. Muslims greet each other with a greeting of peace as opposed to the usual ‘good morning/afternoon’ greetings that dominate the western cultures. The greetings are used between Muslim individuals but they can also be used among Muslims and non-Muslims. To reduce instances of bias between individuals of different cultures, it is advisable for foreigners to use the standard Muslim greeting ‘Salaam Alaikum’, which simply means “may peace be upon you and may God’s blessings be with you” (Ting & Oetzel, 2002). It is also advisable for individuals to avoid the topic of re
Introduction Ethics should be observed in all the activities involved in law enforcements to ensure justice for all. LAPD rampart scandal entails the unfolding events and discoveries of police misconduct and was ignited by Rafael Perez one of LAPD police officer who is well known for his misconduct while he was still a cop.(Darby and Shelby, 2005). Rafael Perez Rafael Perez is popular figure associated with the unethical issues in the LAPD through the unfolding he brought into light as he accused his fellow police officers of the unethical activities they engaged in during their service. He was hired in LAPD in 1989 but he had previously been involved with a lot of criminal activities for instance dealing with narcotics. His impact on LAPD is highly notable and can not be underemphasized. Rafael Perez is a very critical figure in LAPD’s history and acted as a tool through which the misconduct among police officers can be revealed as he confessed of his criminal undertakings while he was still a cop. He is deemed to have much more deeper impact on the LAPD than any other officer. He for instance has led to changes in the department through exposing the fundamental problems in the force hence giving a means through which strategies could be framed. Rafael Perez credibility has been faced with a lot of controversy since he has been involved in giving testimonies that are both true and false the latter altering his credibility for instance where he implicated los Angeles police officer Kulin Patel and the claim was later found false. Criminal activities These are the unethical criminal activities undertaken by the Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums police officers as implicated by Rafael Perez. The police officers are supposed to maintain justice for all and offer protection to the public as opposed to making their lives uncomfortable. They should also be sober and not work under the influence of alcohol or any other drugs (May and Headley,2008). The criminal activities implicated to the police officers are contrary to what they are supposed to do in their duties. They are for instance supposed to provide appropriate evidence, prevent bank robbery and drug dealings and safeguard the public as opposed to harassing them for example through unprovoked beating and shootings. Ends and Means The police officers in the rampart division were supposed to bring about peace in the area which was achieved to a certain extent for instance through the reduction of gangs. However the police officers also encaged din corrupt deals which they were supposed to do away with among the public. The police officers’ unit was effective to a certain extent although they misused their liberty and power to engage in corrupt deals. The rate at which people engaged in criminal activities for example gang was reduced. (Reese 2003). Recommendations To avoid a reoccurrence of such a systemic display of unethical conduct the hiring practices were to be reviewed and police be well trained especially in ethical issues and a prosecutor elected to investigate police misconduct so as to make necessary adjustments. The