ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The idea that humans are controlled by alien forces is new. Technological advances and rapid globalization has created a fear that alien forces (computers, for example) may gain indirect control over lives of people. Today, it is already hardly possible to find a person living in developed country who has never used any technology such as computers, mobile phones, washing machines, etc. The dependence on technologies is two-sided. From one side, technologies are introduced to make human life easier and more comfortable. From the other side, people lose their ability to live independently from computers. The fact that the X-Files and The Matrix tell the scary stories about the possible future, both show that humans eventually gain freedom. Thus, it is possible to state there is hope for better future. One of the significant differences between the X-Files and The Matrix , is that X-Files emphasize the potential of alien control in the end (the warning for humankind to start thinking about the consequences of actions) while The Matrix is more optimistic as it shows how one man saves the world and restores the balance in which humans occupy the leading position. Whether or not the future is similar to the one described by the X-Files and The Matrix, people should reconsider the role played by technologies in everyday life. While there is relative connection between globalization and alien forces, it is important to note that globalization fosters dependence on technologies and intensifies the fear of being controlled by outside sources, the ones that are not fully understandable for the human mind. There is an increasing concern, for example, on the morality of globalization which brings technologies to developing countries. Undoubtedly, there are numerous technological advances that may help poor countries overcome their poverty. Nevertheless, it creates a fear that powerful rich countries simply impose their rule to gain control throughout the world. In this regard, the United States of America is perceived as an alien force. According to the article titled Popular Culture as Global Culture, “globalization describes what is called ‘time-space compression’: the way in which the world appears to be shrinking under the impact of new electronic media, like satellite television and the internet, which facilitates the extending of social relations across time and space. Time and space no longer dictate the range of my relationships”. In other words, globalization connects the world and makes it too small. It is possible to assume that both the X-Files and The Matrix are the results of imagination; however, they uncover the eternal struggle of humankind to confirm its position in world order. Unlike other creatures, humans have freedom. Nevertheless, the freedom is not absolute because it is restricted by social, political and even moral factors. People do have control over the technologies; however, there is a fear that the situation may reverse in the future
Introduction Amidst the evolution of online transactions, consumer health has not been left behind. As such, the Internet plays an intermediatory role in public health for information sharing among people who are not only interested in purchasing drugs but also inquiring about their curative value and other pharmaceutical information. Ben Said et al. (2020) highlight that recent studies show over 135 and 71 million people in 22 countries within the Arab region use the Internet and social networks, respectively. This has made communication and access to the news online easy. Further, in Saudi Arabia, network penetration is at 89.39 percent, while 23 million people use social media (Ben Said et al., 2020). Therefore, this has made information easily accessible through various platforms and programs. In addition, the introduction of Medicine 2.0 or Health 2.0, a collaborated and improved communication strategy among individuals through social networking, has enhanced the availability of information (van de Belt et al., 2010, p. 1). This paper highlights the concept of health, social approaches to networking, its benefits, and approaches to consumer-based care through the Internet. Literature Review Social media has become an integral part of human coexistence. Almozainy (2017) asserts that the World Bank estimates over 4.77 billion people around the world use mobile phones while half of the population have smartphones. This has not only made communication from one region to the other faster but also, information accessibility has become cheap and easy. Also, although North America leads in internet accessibility and penetration, Saudi Arabia is among the leading countries in social networking (Almozainy, 2017). On the one hand, the majority of Saudis live in urban centers; on the other hand, the country’s Crown Prince has a stake in Twitter, thus, making it popular among the people. Further, they lead in the use of Instagram and Snapchat when compared to other countries in the region. Also, Saudis spent an average of 3 hours and 2 minutes daily on the Internet (Ben Said et al., 2020). As a result, the online platform has become their major mode of engagement. Various programs, including Web 2.0, have become the main interaction and social connections methods used by businesses, state departments, and individuals. While its origin cannot be pinned to a particular year, it began during the civil unrest during the Arab Spring in 2010, which led to the revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia (Smidi & Shahin, 2017). This saw the growth and change in the prioritization of websites by citizens in other Arab states, including Saudi Arabia. Conversely, although there are few studies on people’s attitudes toward media and its impacts, the Kingdom of Saudi has experienced drastic changes due to the government’s modernization strategy realized from the oil wealth (Askool, 2013). In addition, there is an exponential growth of the young population in Saudi Arabia. This is the thriving force in public he
Introduction The scope of financial management includes a wide variety of problems and objectives associated with planning, organizing, directing, and controlling financial resources. These activities include investment decision-making through capital budgeting, raising finance from different resources, and dividend decisions (Brigham & Houston, 2021). The cost of equity valuation is of extreme importance for financial management, as it helps to make adequate decisions concerning capital investments (Brigham & Houston, 2021). Cost of equity calculation is an important part of estimating the cost of capital and performing equity and enterprise valuations (Brigham & Houston, 2021). The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is the most preferred way of equity valuation (Moyo and Mache, 2018). However, the prevalence of the method is difficult to explain, as it provides similar results in comparison with other methods of evaluating the cost of equity (Moyo and Mache, 2018). The present paper aims at addressing the problem of selecting the methods for equity valuation using a mixed-method approach. First, it tests the hypothesis that utilization of CAPM provides a higher level of satisfaction with the results by utilizing ANOVA. Second, the paper identifies the benefits of using CAPM for equity valuation in comparison with other methods using qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews. The results are expected to provide a significant contribution to the current body of research. Literature Review Overview The present section of the report aims at providing a review of the current body of knowledge concerning CAPM and equity valuation. First, an explanation of CAPM is provided, and its utilization for different purposes is discussed. Second, alternative equity valuation models are briefly introduced. Third, the validity of all models is compared. Finally, a synthesis of all the information is provided, and the gap in the literature is identified. Capital Asset Pricing Model and Its Use CAPM is one of the most widespread models for evaluating the cost of equity. The model evaluates the discount rate using the formula below: r = r f + β + EMPR In the formula above, r f is the risk-free rate, β is the beta value of the stock, and EMRP is the equity market risk premium (Kolesnichenko et al., 2017). The formula is closely connected to the portfolio theory by H. M. Markowitz, under which all risks are divided into systematic and specific (Kolesnichenko et al., 2017). The β coefficient in the formula can be calculated using the regression analysis of action return (R a ) and the average market return (R m ) (Kolesnichenko et al., 2017). According to Kolesnichenko et al. (2017), for convenience purposes, β can be calculated the following way): Where: Cov( R a , R m ) are the
Introduction The United Nations (UN) Global Sustainable Development Goals summarise the primary objectives of improving the living standards within planet Earth by the year 2030. The goal of good health is taken very seriously by the UN and several strides through policy formulation have been made to that effect. The goal aims at improving the general population through reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and fighting epidemic diseases such as Malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other communicable ailments. Despite the commendable progress in addressing this goal, the child mortality rate is still relatively high. Moreover, many women still succumb to pregnancy and childbirth-related hurdles. As proposed in the 2030 Global Sustainable Development Goals, global quality health can be achieved through proper health education, treatment, immunization campaigns, preventive care, and reproductive or sexual healthcare. Thus, this research study examines the challenges of maternal and child mortality currently faced in achieving global good health and potential solutions to realize the vision of the 2030 United Nations Global Sustainable Development Goals. According to the recent data from the UN on the performance of the good health parameter, progress has been made in the maternal, child, and general healthcare provision across the globe (Bendavid & Bhattacharya 2014). Specifically, the progress has been realized as a result of a comprehensive public-private sector partnership in line with the Millennium Development Goal for the health pillar (Bendavid & Bhattacharya 2014). The report further indicates that more than 6.2 million people were saved from the scourge of malaria (Bendavid & Bhattacharya 2014). The study will concentrate on the current impediments to quality health and potential remedy in line with the UN healthcare policy. Good Health: Challenges and Remedies There are challenges related to poor health education and healthcare practices that are negating the gains realized in the last decade supporting universal good health. There has been a decline in the percentage of preventable child deaths by more than 50% from the year 1990 (Bendavid 2014). Moreover, the deaths due to pregnancy and birth-related complications have significantly declined by 45% within the same timeline across the globe. Interestingly, the number of reported cases of new HIV/AIDS infections drastically dropped by 30% between the years 2000 and 2013. Unfortunately, the UN and its development partners have not been able to mobilize adequate resources to tackle the healthcare needs across the globe. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate more partners and volunteers to realize the goal of good health by the year 2030. At present, more than six million children still die annually within the first year of being born from these ailments (Bendavid & Bhattacharya 2014). This translates to about 16,000 daily infant deaths from diseases that can be prevented such as tuberculosis and measles (Thomas et al. 2017). Each day, more than a thousand women still die from pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. Factually, “less than 56% of the bi
Introduction Until recently, most governments have resolved to undertake the task of shaping the HRM functions in both the private and public sectors using a comprehensive legal framework. Basing the arguments on the published information and most of the interviews carried out in both developed and the developing countries, this paper shall succinctly explore on the implications of the emerging legal framework for the HRM in public and private sectors. The paper will also explore on the challenges that a government may face in trying to change the HRM practices through its laws and regulations. Furthermore, it will also highlight on the difficulties that the policy makers and managers encounters in either introducing HRM into a certain sector or even practicing it within the country. In essence, the paper is aimed at drawing concrete analysis by comparing and contrasting the challenges faced by HRM in Middle East Africa as opposed to UAE. This discussion compares Saudi Arabia with UAE. An Overview of HRM practices in Saudi Arabia Until recently, the government of Saudi Arabia implemented a lax approach to the overall management of people in the private sector (Budhwar and Mellahi 99). The approach was in practice up to the late 1990s, when the regulations that governed the Human Resource Management in the private sector were founded on a labor law. As it can be recalled, the labor laws that were implemented were in use in the early 1969 (labor law-royal Decree no. M21 45 – 48). The labor laws adopted, their scope and regulations were so limited to the contractual issues and they did not at all interfere with the way of managing people within the private sectors. As a repercussion of such limitation, the employers in the private sectors had inadequate legal obligations towards their major expatriate employees. Atiyyah (268) asserts that in the absence of Human Resource Management practices, unscrupulous private employees have undertaken this advantage and therefore, they treat foreign workers in unfair manner, and especially those that are unskilled. International media and
Introduction Medicare and Medicaid systems providing medical services have been the center of American healthcare for a few decades. While it has been a well-functioning and dominantly accepted framework, the American healthcare system has been criticized for its inability to provide quality care for people across all socioeconomic spectrums. To oppose the criticism of the current system, policymakers supplement well-established frameworks with additional departments, regulations, and eligibility criteria to cultivate equal access to healthcare for all. This paper will examine the Medicaid system, investigate the role of the Quality Improvement Organization, review the Medicaid qualifications, discuss the impact of the Affordable Care Act, and analyze healthcare professionals as changemakers. Quality Improvement Organization Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) is a necessary component of the Medicare system. It oversees the operation of the Medicare program as a whole and assists in evaluating and implementing changes within the program’s environment. It is operated under the federal government and the U.S. Department of Health and Human (HHS) Services’ National Quality Strategy (Centers for Medicare and Medicare Services, 2020). Its primary goal is to ensure that people receive the best quality of care for lower costs. It consists of a number of qualified experts, doctors, and other health professionals whose aim is to increase care quality and enhance patients’ satisfaction, safety, and well-being (McWilliams et al., 2016). In a sense, professionals of QIO fulfill the role of stewards of assessment – they carefully review the services that hospitals and other medical institutions provide and implement changes if needed. More specifically, QIO is responsible for reviewing, investigating, and addressing all the complaints, appeals, and concerns that come from the patients’ side. If to examine the role of QIO in improving the care of the Medicare services, its impact is fundamental. Firstly, as mentioned above, the group of QIO professionals examines all the inquiries regarding the quality of Medicare services. Furthermore, they are obliged to guarantee that “Medicare pays only for services and goods that are reasonable and provided in the most appropriate setting” (Centers for Medicare and Medicare Services, 2020, p. para. 3). The department of Beneficiary and Family-Centered Care (BFCC)-QIOs is responsible for reviewing the appeals of patients when they disagree with the medical provider’s decision to discontinue or discharge them of particular services. Apart from tackling individual appeals and concerns of the patient population, reviewing law and regulation violations is also within QIO’s jurisdiction, which provides it with the ability to assess and facilitate policymaking. More specifically, it is the obligation of QIO to ensure that the Medicare services provided by the medical institutions adhere to
Introduction Research surveys have estimated that approximately 600 million individuals, who comprise of an estimated 10 % of the global population, suffer from a particular form of disability. At least two thirds of the disabled persons reside in developing nations (Baehr, 1994). Despite the variations in their living conditions, it is a common trend that all disabled persons are exposed to diverse kinds of discrimination and social exclusion. Such treatment usually restricts them from enjoying their human rights and freedom, which is a significant factor that impedes their participation in the activities taking place within the boundaries of their societies (Baar, 2000). The controversy behind the issue of disability extends beyond the enjoyment of rights by disabled persons. The primary issue of concern is about equal gratification of all aspects of human rights without any case of discrimination for people having disabilities. The principle of non-discrimination increases the relevance of disability, in a similar manner age, sex and children affects the issue of enjoying human rights equally. The concept of human rights With respect to this report, the concept of human rights is used to denote the universal rights that every person must enjoy on the basis that one is human. Human rights are diverse and encompass human right to work, education, health and food. The human right to work implies that individuals have a right to be engaged a significant or useful employment; as such, people should not be forbidden from work. The human right to work is enlisted in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the international human rights law, whereby it lays emphasis on socio-cultural and economic development. The type of work that an individual engages him/ herself in is determined by one’s accessibility to the available resources, level of education and appropriate training. The foundation of the human right to work is that involvement in work and accessibility of resources should be undertaken in such a manner that it facilitates the participation of every, individual who intends to work. It is also imperative that the benefits attained from working should be enough to reach a sustainable living standard (Bickenbach, 2001). The human right to food is a universal human right that aims at ensuring that people undertake their lives with dignity without instances associated with food insecurity, malnutrition and hunger. The main objective of this right is to ensure that every individual has the capability to feed oneself in dignity. The human right to food is identified under the international human rights and humanitarian law and the state obligations as outlined in the international law. Conventionally, the human right to food outlines three distinct kinds of the state obligations, which includes the obligation for respecting, protecting and fulfilling (Chartered Institute of Personal Development, 2006). The obligation
The newspapers article in New York Times “ Greek Antiquities, Long Fragile, Are Endangered by Austerity” (Karon, 2012, para.1) set to connect the austerity measures put in place by the government to the theft of museum antiques. The article cites only one incidence where a museum lost antiques to thieves after the austerity measures were put in place. It fails to prove that theft was austerity-related. The quality issue is that the article does not have enough sources to validate the claim that austerity measures are leading to art museum thefts. Then again, the piece should be to be about Greek antiquities and austerity measures but skewed towards austerity. At the end of the read, a strong correlation between the two events has not been achieved. One of the quality tools that can be used to eliminate the problem is the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. It calculates the number of years of education one needs to understand a piece of writing. This tool serves both as an analysis tool to test the journalist’s competence and also gauge the audience’s comprehension of the written material. Another tool is the editorial excellence inventory which aids newspapers to monitor and measure news content. It works through a scorecard on performance objectives met by the editor over time. This creates a track of factors that improve or decrease readership. The combined use of the two tools encapsulates the whole process of journalism from information gathering to dissemination analyzing every step. To deal with the problem identified in the article; first, it would be paramount to construct an apt title for the article, after which comparative paragraphs are written that relate the two occurrences. Moreover, more information should be gathered to support the overriding argument. The article on time magazine “Will Poland vs. Russia Spark War on Warsaw streets” (Randy, 2012, para.1) is a speculative piece of writing that elucidates the emotional aspects of the soccer fans. Although pointing to an imminent clash between Polish and Russia