ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
William Edward Burghardt DuBois attacked injustice and worked against the racial discrimination against Africans. He was a socialist African-American who devoted his life towards studying the life and oppression faced by Africans and worked for their upliftment. He believed in inequality in society and condemned the prejudice of the whites against any section of society. “His singular greatness lay in his quest for the truth about his own people.” (Hynes, (n.d)). Here, using DuBois’s ideas, the hazards faced by the disabled and how he would have approached them, are being discussed. The socio-cultural and economic barriers that the disabled people face would surely be the factors that he would shed light on. Sources say that disabled persons make up quite a large proportion of the working-class population, of about 12-16 percent. Disability accounts for every kind of physical and psychological disability. This category is one that has always suffered social prejudice the most. They are alienated for reasons they are not responsible for. Getting work is very difficult for them. Only about forty percent of the disabled get employed, and the payment that they get is almost fifty percent lower than a general payment. As for the people who get disabled during work, only one in six get employed again. Many of them do not even receive proper education because their families abandon them. (Burchardth, 2000). It is a known fact that disabled people are not considered equal by others in society. It is found that almost eighty percent of all disabled persons live in isolation and they face physical, cultural and social barriers which affect their education, health and employment. They are considered useless and cursed by God. In many places, these helpless people are killed, abandoned, and at times disabled children are even thrown into rivers. A negative stigma attached to them, stop them from overcoming their disabilities and succeeding in life. A sad part of such barriers and negative stigma is that it adds to their disabilities causing mental depressions. To quote an incident; Audrey Robinson was a 50 year old woman, a stroke survivor visibly disabled. When she was diagnosed with breast cancer, she decided to consult a doctor who she knew was an expert. But the doctor’s attitude towards her depressed her. He made her wait for two hours and was impatient. DuBois would probably find it most disgusting when people approach the disabled with charity. It should be understood that nothing irritates the disadvantaged people more than the charity and sympathetic talks by others. They are not seen as equals among other people. Instead, they are given concession in everything that they do. For example, every public transport bus reserves a seat for the disabled. It is ironic that none of them ever use that particular seat. It gives them a feeling that they are considered inferior to others. What they need is equal opportunity in all walks of life, including education and employment which are the basic requirements to succeeding in
Breakdown of 2nd Session The session under consideration was concerned with feelings evaluation. Seven participants took part in the session, where the group members discussed the feelings they have experienced during the past week. They also completed worksheets in which they rated their feelings. The participants mentioned such feelings as nervousness, sadness, anxiety, boredom, tiredness, and so on. As the leader of the group, I helped the participants to imagine possible situations to rate their feelings. The participants were active during the session, and they also enjoyed completing the worksheets. Curative Factors The session was effective as the participants managed to achieve several curative factors, for example, interpersonal learning. The participants interacted when discussing different hypothetical situations and the feelings that people might experience in those situations. They also learned from each other how to rate the intensity of feelings. The factor of imparting information was achieved as well, as the participants listened to my instructions and shared suggestions within the group. They also developed socializing techniques as they interacted with the leader and their peers (Varcarolis, 2016). Finally, catharsis was achieved as the entire session was devoted to feelings. The participants expressed different feelings and learned to rate (in other words, understand) them. Member Roles During this session, the participants performed different roles: aggressor, blocker, two energizers, and three followers. Two group members were very active and motivated people to share their ideas; they also provided a few real-life examples. The blocker asked irrelevant questions, asked to leave the room, and laughed at the aggressor’s sarcastic jokes. The aggressor was sarcastic and quite hostile. Three other participants were diligent and completed all the tasks, taking quite an active part in the discussion. In any event, all participants completed the worksheets and shared their ideas, which means the session was effective. Goals Accomplished As mentioned above, the subject matter of the session was the development of skills needed to evaluate the intensity of feelings. The session helped the participants to accomplish a number of goals. First, they learned to understand themselves better. They also managed to see the ways other people may feel and address (as well as evaluate) their feelings. This understanding is crucial for the development of social skills. The participants will be more prepared to communicate with other people and deco
Abstract Psychological counseling has become an important way of ensuring people manage their personal and family problems. This paper presents a case of Tricia Davis and explains how the Psychoanalytic Theory can be used to counsel her and ensure she manages her challenges. In addition, it examines the interventions described by the theory and how they can be applied to alleviate her problems. A spiritual application to the case is also discussed and examines how religious aspects may be important in ensuring that this victim escapes and manages her challenges. Lastly, it presents other options like the use of family members, religious leaders and legal system in looking for solutions to her problems. Conceptualization Theory: Psychoanalytic Theory This theory is based on the works of Sigmund Feud and it is a good approach to solving mental health problems (American Psychoanalytic Association 2009). It examines how the unconscious mind of individuals influences their behavior and thoughts and traces early childhood experiences and how they may have influenced the present situation of a victim or perpetrator. Victims of abuse that seek this therapy should meet with their counselors at least once in a week and ensure they keep this contact until when the doctor will confirm that they are in stable mental conditions. Application of the Theory in Tricia’s case Tricia has never shared her problems with anybody and this may be the reason why they affect her very much. This theory explains that counselors should spend reasonable time with victims of abuse and ensure they enable them to share their experiences. This approach is also known as “talking-listening cure” because therapists must observe their patients and make deductions from what they hear from them (Solomon 2003). Significant past events usually form the basis of treating patients and thus therapists are supposed to listen very carefully and ask questions that will enable victims to talk about their childhood experiences. The therapist should encourage Tricia to talk about her early childhood encounters with her father and other family members. This will ensure the therapist understands that she was raised in an abusive family. Tricia must tell the therapist how her father used to prefer taking her brothers for shopping and ignoring her. In addition, she must ensure she explains that her father used to beat her mother even before she was born. This will enable the therapist to understand that her father despised women and that he was not happy when she was born. In addition, she must tell the therapist about her present boyfriend and how his behavi
Introduction Proponents of globalization, as Rosenau (1999, p.100) confirms, declare “the systems of world governance as being akin to the establishment of world architectures”. However, this equation is rapidly turning out even more sophisticated as time progresses. Diane (2008) notes, “the issue for today’s world governance is to have a collective influence on the world’s destiny by establishing a system for regulating the many interactions that lie beyond the province of state action” (p.21). This largely differs from the earlier existing concerns of global governance in which “the process was all about limitation and regulation of powers of individual states in order to curtail overturning and or disturbance of the status quo” (Kraser, 1983, p.2). Global governance concepts are widely attributed to the need to homogenize world politics to take the formats of concerns of liberal democracy. In this context, globalization makes it practical to “establish a world governance system that goes beyond market laissez-faire and the democratic peace originally formulated by Immanuel Kant, which constitutes a sort of geopolitical laissez-faire” (Rosenau, 1999, p.102). On the other hand, critics of globalization and its capacity to set frameworks for the establishment of global governance systems lament that global governance has a weakness, especially based on the need to formulate a mechanism of achieving equitable developments on a worldwide scale. Through the
Project Background The project is created to bring efficiency in statistical computing (Joseph, 2003). The project will be done in the United Arab Emirates, in Abu Dhabi. The reason behind this project is the fact that many countries in the UAE lack the capital and the expertise to sponsor their students and researchers to developed countries and that they learn the statistical calculations. These calculations are run in powerful machines. The company was formed to fill the gap between these disparate motives. With this company, students and researchers are now able to work on statistical data which could have been very expensive if they would sought otherwise (Young-Hoon Kwak, 2005). The computing power is provided in a cloud computing environment. The logic behind developing this is that the university that will access this virtual service will be able to pay for services that have been used. The software will make it possible for education and training in third-world countries. It is therefore very possible to face the challenges that come with the use of the R-Language platform head-on. Market The market of the software will entail the students who are pursuing the statistical course and lack the systems to do that. High demand for statistical computations using supercomputers, especially now that there are many students who are pursuing higher education in the United Arab Emirates. There will be a need to want to use these tools in their course of study. Many students have opted to travel overseas to look for these services. This is now a thing of the past as it is now possible for students and universities who have a virtual computing environment to access these services from the cloud.   * Need to support researchers in the area of Statistics so that there are many researchers in this field.   * Need to have improved access to computing power. The company employs IT staff who will monitor and maintain the system so that there is continued and reliable service to the users. There are mathematicians and computer scientists who have been hired by the company to make sure that the data and the program are logically correct. The concept of cloud is you pay for what you have used only. Accordingly, the university will be paid for what will be used. Current status Currently, supercomputing power is available in very few companies. What is more, the companies which have supercomputers don’t have the software that is used by researchers. The researchers need a platform where they are able to access the computing power that they need. There are many challenges faced by these researchers and students. The issues include the fact that the countries which have efficient and reliable R-Language platforms are far, usually, they have to go abroad to access the same. With this scenario, many bright and talented researchers have had to relinquish their careers opting to do other things which are accessible locally. Project pu
Introduction Topic Overview An acknowledged educator and theorist Sir Kenneth Robinson argues, “we’re all born with deep natural capacities for creativity and systems of mass education tend to suppress them” (n. p.). For cultural and economic reasons, students are often limited to developing capacities and skills that are dictated by a traditional educational system. Compulsory system of education, therefore, does not allow individuals to uncover their full potential and learn the subjects they prefer to the ones established by the core curriculum. Moreover, mandatory education prevents students from choosing a set of subject they are most apt for and, as a result, the learning process turns into a challengeable path of knowledge acquisition. Thesis To cope with the problem of limited access to optional courses, as well as develop the balanced academic curriculum, it is necessary to make a radical shift to person-centered education and remove the obsolete instances of traditional education that focuses primarily on cultural and economic backgrounds. Background The emergence of the compulsory education system in western societies dates back to the middle of the nineteen century. Before its adoption, the necessity to introduce a fixed set, of course, was not necessary because, according to Zhang, “…in the early nineteenth century the voluntary education market was already able to make American among the world leaders in public literacy and education” (29). What is more important is that the statistics demonstrate that the percentage of literacy ranged from 91 to 97 in Northern states and more than 80 % in the Southern part. However, as soon as compulsory education has been adopted, more than half of the population is left illiterate. Within the context of globalization and cultural diversity, introducing an educational policy of “common high lan earning standards for all” can create several controversies (McParland and Schneider 66). In particular, international students with culturally and economically diverse backgrounds should offer wider opportunities for fulfilling their professional and academic purposes. In this respect, McParland and Schneider explain “when the mandates of the curriculum are too broad…and the tests are too narrow…the consequences may differ for students who begin at different points of academic preparation” (71). In order to react to this problem, the research introduces the evidence of augmenting the number of sources that are necessary to graduate from university. Provided even high schools resist to the core curriculum, university program should exclude these standards to adhere to a libertarian principle in education. Problem Identification – Effects Student Unequal Access to Education due to the Fixed Curriculum By establishing the core curriculum and compulsory educations, students will face a challenge of unequal access to educat
Parks and greenways contribute towards staying fit and healthy and help us in providing mental relaxation by recreation activities. Apart from the physical fitness parks contribute towards presenting a comprehensive picture of human health at individual, societal and global level therefore parks are used to illustrate patterns of human health in relation to the social environment. Parks represent the true picture of a sustainable environment where American communities enjoy the benefits of parks and greenways in context environmental sustainability. Greenways help in preventing our vegetation and soil from unnecessary pollutants even before it reaches natural water sources. The greenways are responsible for controlling air and noise pollution, and providing fresh environment for the American communities (Markeson, 2007). Parks play multiple roles in protecting our communities and not only serve as integral parts of our physical, social, emotional, and in some cases, spiritual landscapes but also provide public gathering places (Harnik & Simms, December 2004). In this paper we would discuss the significance of trees and greenery in context with the ecological and social environment. Starting from ecological benefits we would also discuss the psychological and health benefits parks have on us. According to Dougherty (1992) “America’s national parks are not less than a phenomenon of nature gifting and blessing with the best and most unique elements of Mother Earth. Each year, it is through our national parks that thousands of people are allured to relish their beauty and recreational opportunities. Apart from the elder people, parks serve as national treasures for our children who being influenced after love for animals and curiosity about the unusual in nature stimulate their interest in learning nature. A study of national parks is linked to the promotion of many other topics of interest and value to children” (Dougherty, 1992) How planting trees contribute towards environment? Trees plantation begins in grade school and youth organizations, where tree planting is linked with civic duty, local and national identity, beautification, and environmental health. Children are encouraged to identify with the trees they plant, to appreciate the long-term investment that comes with the life of a healthy tree, and to take pride in the stewardship that the planting represents. Since trees are regular characters in the classroom throughout the year, the tree planting message is directed at the post-school and post- youth group population through the civic tree planting activities typical of communities across America. Trees are planted to beautify areas and gain local recognition. Tree planting efforts in America is often considered as advertisements among many of the large timber firms and their trade associations that showcase their tree planting efforts in order to promote a pro-environment image. They are aimed to convey the message of promoting both the
The high level of employment in any nation promotes the sound of the economy. When youths and women are in full employment, the country social, political, and economic aspects are in a better position. Through a high level of employment, the government gets wide ways of obtaining taxes, as the product output is increased. Through an increment of government revenue and increased output in productivity, there is growth in the economy and poverty reduction (Boyes and Melvin 312). In a country where the level of economy growth is high, there are more and more opportunities. High levels of employment make the economy stable and help in recovering damaged parts. Even if the terms of employment are short or long they tend to boost the economy a great deal. Other benefits related to the employments are high levels of entrepreneurship due to the increased participation of young and energetic people in the labor market. Economists say that well paying jobs improves the overall incomes and social money spending of poor people, and assists a great deal in financing social activities. Unemployment is an economic condition that occurs when an individual or a group of people seek jobs to no success. In every country, the level of unemployment depends on some factors such as the status of the economy, market and commerce forces. There are five main types of unemployment (Baumol and Blinder 630). To begin with, there is frictional unemployment that is a temporary status of the job seekers. This condition occurs when a person takes a break from his or her current job and start looking for another opportunity somewhere. This period when one shifts from one point of work to the other is the one that creates frictional unemployment. In most of the developed countries that have advancement in various ways, there is a high probability of one securing another job after leaving one. The major challenge is in the developing and in the underdeveloped countries where if one quits from one job, getting another one is a problem. The issue of frictional unemployment can have a solution through employment insurance programs. This program offers support and temporary sources of income to the people who in several occasions become unemployed. In most cases, people do not quit from their jobs voluntarily but because of some circumstances like nursing a sickness, giving birth, or other critical issues in the family. Through this insurance program, the unemployed people are still made to earn some income to continue supporting their families, and meeting their needs (Tucker 380). During this period, the unemployed people face their challenges with more confidence. The government should concentr
Introduction United States has stood to be one of the world’s economic power houses. The country has been recognized as one of the nations with more than enough resources that could fully support its citizens. This however, resulted in some negative effects which include ecological destruction and racial discrimination. Though considered as having some of the best environmental laws, the communities within the country are not given equal treatment. The policies safeguarding the environment have not fully addressed some equal benefits to all members of the society since some communities are generally overlooked when it comes to usage of land and agriculture (Schelhas 7). Access to arable land has been a difficult task for the minority blacks who live in the USA. Large chunks of land and other natural assets have been dominated by the wealthy, majority of which are whites. The less privileged have been denied access to these natural resources and also used as damping sites for environmental wastes. This calls for the importance of including asset-building in the democratic strategy in order to account for sustainability and most importantly empowering the community (West 13). Research questions The research will seek to answer the following questions;  1. To what extent do public policies contribute in reducing or increasing the cases of racial inequality in agricultural and environmental affairs?  2. What brings about the unequal exposure to environmental protection?  3. What policies can help reduce racism, raise productivity and increase employment opportunities? Literature Review According to Collin and Robin (13) political and logistical problems are the main barriers to environmental and agricultural justice. There is no fixed relationship, between agricultural development and environmental stress. Both are determined by national policies and by investments that seek to increase research capacity and the knowledge needed to move from racial based society to a liberal society which treats human being with equal rights (Collin and Robin 13). Studies have revealed that agricultural work is crucial in the economy of a nation, and much attention should be given to both the rate and pattern of its development. Non-farm activities and policies that affect interactions between agriculture and industry are also important determinants of the level of employment and social status (West 13). According to Pefia (6), “there is a direct relationship between the persistence of environmental racism in farm work and the political, legal and economic conditions that maintain farm workers in a state of labor repression.” This was an implication that unequal trends in the environmental protection as well as unequal exposure to the environmental dangers emanated from the collective effects of several conditions and these conditions were more of economical, political and legal. The government’s public policies and laws that were put in place to give support to the farm labor contractor system gave limitations o