ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An overview of e-CRM system When seeking for novel business growth opportunities like the internet, various organizations seem to face competition in the universal electronic markets. Clients are the most valued business assets and it is important for businesses to strive and keep them contented as well as lifelong business affiliates. Thus, electronic client relationship management (e-CRM) system is amongst the modest ways of communicating with the business clients. Basically, e-CRM system implies activities which can classify, attract and equally preserve a company’s clients by utilizing electronic modes such as web browsers, internet, hardware and software. The technology offers the vital clients’ information to the workers in advance. Such information could be used to produce commodities tailored towards meeting the esteemed customers’ needs. Therefore, e-CRM system assists in the management and augmentation of the already existing interactions between a company and its clients, while at heart, the most critical aspect is to improve the level of satisfaction (State of Victoria, 2004). Levels of e-CRM E-CRM system has three dissimilar operational levels namely foundational services, value added services and client centered services. The foundation services contain the least essential services including order approvals, levels of sensitivity as well as website efficiency. Conversely, client centered services enclose clients order follow-ups, commodities modification, form alongside security and privacy (Scholar, 2009). Finally, e-CRM system offers value added services that incorporate online guidance, edification, training and online trade. Benefits of an e-CRM system to Our Town Photography Gallery The benefits of an e-CRM system accrue from four distinct areas including amplified clients allegiance, extra efficient marketing, improved clients sustenance and service provision as well as cost minimization and greater effectiveness. Amplified clients’ allegiance: An effectual e-CRM system will offer similar historical details and information about the clients to each worker in Our Town Photography Gallery. Provided the studio has manifold business electronic lines which cordially networks with the clients, through the application of an e-CRM system, the Gallery will stand a chance of conducting businesses with clients via any channels (Scholar, 2009). This will in turn make the clients feel as if they are being handled with a sole organization which amicably pursue them each and every step. Extra efficient marketing: Given that Our Town Photography Gallery has comprehensive clients’ information; it can efficiently use an e-CRM system to predict the merchandises that clients will probably purchase besides making the acquisition timing. Therefore, the e-CRM system will definitely assist the studio to craft efficient
Thalassemia Thalassemia entails a series of inherited disorders caused by one or more mutations. The mutations occur on the globin genes of haemoglobin, leading to a lack of or decreased synthesis of equivalent globin chains. There are over 400 specific alterations on the globin chains, causing various groups of disorders, and the effects of the mutation depend on the globin chain affected (Randolph). A decrease in the number of global chains available reduces haemoglobin assembly, and consequently, the red blood cells. The patients may develop mild or severe forms of the defects, and the former is asymptomatic, while the latter expresses several symptoms. Classification of Thalassemia The classification of thalassemia is based on the type of globin chain affected. Usually, the important thalassemia revolved around the α- and β-chains. This is because the α- and β-chains account for over 97% of the normal haemoglobin in adults (Randolph). On the one hand, α-thalassemia is caused by the absence or decreased production of the α-globin chains. On the other hand, β-thalassemia is due to the lack of or decreased production of the β-globin Demographics Thalassemia is considered a group of genetic defects that affect people worldwide. In every year, between 100,000 to 200,000 children are born with severe forms of thalassemia, and around 60,000 of them have β-thalassemia (Randolph) According to Randolph, α –thalassemia occurs in 20% and 6-11% of Southeast Asia immigrants and African Americans in North America, respectively. However, most of these people are carriers, and they do not exhibit the symptoms of thalassemia. In Thailand, there are over 3,000 births of people who have mutations on both chains (Randolph). α –thalassemia α –thalassemia disorders result from a mutation, which occurs on chromosome number 16, and each of the diploid chromosomes has two α –genes (Randolph). The mutations cause a reduction in the production of the α –chains, and the alteration can affect one or more genes, leading to four genetic disorders. A condition called hydrops fetalis develops when all four genes are deleted. It develops when both patients have α –thalassemia and the child born either die or are born with complications, which are detrimental to their health and that of the mothers (Zhan et al. 1). If only three α –genes are deleted, haemoglobin H disease develops. The disorder α –thalassemia minor develops when only two genes are deleted, while the deletion of one gene leads to a condition referred to as a silent carrier. β-thalassemia Unlike α –thalassemia, β-thalassemia involves
The death penalty is meant to deter strongly all the other people who have intentions of committing heinous crimes. Since man began dominating the earth, one of the most things he fears is death because of the uncertainty of what happens after it. Without the death penalty, society will somehow be helpless to capital offenders, because of no or minimal punishment that will be administered to them. Therefore death penalty deters those who would be offenders of murder to think twice. Proponents of the death penalty feel that at age 18, a person has enough experience and exposure concerning life, the laws that govern the land, spirituality, and the value of fellow human beings. On the other hand, social scientists are the chief opponents who believe that at 18, a person is still an adolescent who has not fully developed his/her cognitive abilities, emotions, judgment, and impulse and is less able to assess the risks involved and control their anger. This means that they are still children. Psychologists opposed to the death penalty have time and again continued to provide new data to show that at 18, one is still limited in terms of reasoning and decision making. They say that an18 years, it is hard to cut the line and judge if someone is an adult or a juvenile (Wiener and Monica 1). In the year 2005, the Supreme Court of the US outlawed the execution of inmates on death row who were 18 years and below by the time they committed their crimes. According to the ruling, about 72 inmates were removed immediately from the death row across the prison facilities of America. This ruling brought a debate that has caused divisions in the justice and social system of America. Most opponents of this ruling were known to come from activism groups whose members were from families of murder victims. But in his notes, Justice Anthony Kennedy remarked that the 18 th year is the epoch where lines are drawn in the society for many ventures in the human lifetime. It shows that one has crossed over from childhood and gone into the adulthood stage where one is eligible to face the law (Tisch ). It is at this point that the eligibility for the death penalty should find respite. There are also humanit
The government is not justified in withholding information that directly impacts the citizens except when releasing such information to the public may comprise its security systems or put the public at a precarious position security-wise. For instance, Binyam Mohamed was illegally put in detention at the Guantanamo for six years, and during this time he was subjected to extreme torture (Duthel 135). After his release from prison last year, Mohamed tried to seek justice for what he went through. He has mainly tried to secure a day in court, but his efforts have futile because it is alleged that his torturers were under protection by influential individuals within the Obama administration (Duthel 135-141). This is particularly because it is believed that President Obama’s government is on a campaign to prevent details of the Bush administration’s torture program from reaching the citizenry. It is immoral for a government to try and cover for the crimes of its predecessor. This is mainly because Obama and his Democratic party had it in his manifesto that he would ensure that victims of injustice particularly by previous governments would be given a chance to present their cases in the public domain. Withholding information can lead to a government’s image getting tarnished especially if the public discovers that the government has been secretly creating policies that present with extreme consequences. The United States government is seen to have quietly created the policies guiding the process of detaining and interrogating terrorism suspects. When the likes of Binyan Mohamed’s case and the scandal at Iraq’s Abu Ghraib prison come into the open, it becomes challenging for the government to try and explain itself to the public. Recently, the government has been accused of withholding crucial information regarding the Fort Hood murders linked to Army Major Nidal Malik Hasan (Capote 323). Ideally, no individual should be above the law and criminals should be subjected to the same legal processes. For the government to try and cover up a crime in a bid to save face in front of the international community is a crime in itself. The best thing for the government to have done was to present all the incriminating evidence on the part of the major and letting the law follow its due course. This would have served to boost the credibility of the administration, and the doubts that currently linger over the reason for the misrepresentation of information could have been avoided. From the examples above, it can be safely agreed that lying in any form does compromise the integrity of a state. Integrity in this insta
Introduction Adam smith is one of the famous economists whose contribution in the field of economy has shaped various aspects of both the ancient and modern world economy. Most of his economic theories are currently given more consideration to assist in explaining subtle economic conditions. Different economies exhibit different conditions because of different economic theories upon which their policies are based. Unfortunately, his theory sparked great controversy among people with divergent opinions. It must be asserted that there is no general agreement among economic historians as to what the meaning and essential features of capitalism are. On that note, this essay seeks to discuss Adam Smith’s understanding of Capitalism, how he perceived modern Capitalist economies. In addition, to be discussed is the difference between Adam’s theory and those of Keynes and Marx. Adam Smith and Capitalism The first attempts to understand capitalism began with Adam Smith. Capitalism is viewed as a prevailing political, social and economic system that originated in the Western Europe and later spread out to various parts of the world. The concept emerged drastically over centuries. However, most economies have had convergent views on capitalism, as a system that functions differently from preceding economic systems and that it is different from non-capitalist systems (Heilbroner, 1987). Therefore, according to Adam Smith’s understanding, capitalism is a system that encompasses the following sets of behavior: “market which is characterized by commodity production”; “private possession of factors of production”; “large section of population that cannot exist independently unless it sells its skills in the labor market”; and “idiosyncratic, materialistic and maximization behavior of most of the individuals in the economy” (Heilbroner, 1987). According to Adam Smith’s theory of moral sentiments, despite the desire to accumulate wealth, the capitalists are forced to share with the poor their resources. The “invisible hands” would guide the owners of factors of production to redistribute life necessities back to the workers and thereby, without any intention, improving the well-being of the working class (Meeropol, 2004). Adam Smith’s perception of modern capitalistic economy According to Adam Smith, products of human labor, in a modern capitalistic economy, are valued because they have specific physical characteristics by virtue of their usability and ability to satisfy human needs. Adam Smith asserts that products are also valued because they can be sold in the market in exchange for money. In modern capitalist economies, the product value is desired because it can be exchanged for money; on the other hand, money is also desired because it can be exchanged for products that have a desired use value. Modern capitalist economies therefore have a well-develop
Gender roles are likely to make people develop various stereotypes. For example, there are roles that are uniquely and separately designated for males and females. On the same note, masculinity refers to physical characteristics of a man, and therefore, if a female has masculine features, she may be perceived indifferently in society. This explains why the media has a tendency of branding people with masculine features to be gays or homosexuals. In most cases, the print media and radios do not have capacities to stereotype people. However, televisions and movies have highly been used to categorize people as gay, feminine or muscular in a negative manner. The media has for a long time been associated with creation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) themes. Meem, Mitchell and Jonathan (2010) observe that the study of LGBT is important because it enlightens people on how society has become dynamic. The media has also been perceived as the center where negative perceptions about this group of people are created. As a result, there are numerous stereotypes associated with this category of people in the modern society. Out of the many categories of media broadcasts, television and movies are widely known to reinforce negative perceptions on people who belong to LGBT category. Stereotyping people can be harmful because it can transform slight assumptions on people to perceived realities (Meem, Mitchell & Jonathan, 2010). Such stereotypes are capable of perpetuating inequality and social prejudice in society. However, it is imperative to note that stereotyping through the media is sometimes inevitable. In the case of television, stereotyping occurs through advertisements, news bulletins and entertainment. For films, stereotyping has been used as a form of marketing. The stereotypical codes give TV and film audiences a common and quick way of understanding a particular person. In most cases, stereotypical codes focus on ethnicity, social role, sexual orientation, occupation, race and gender. Most often, the groups that are being stereotyped may not defend themselves. They are usually the minority and raising their voices may make little impact. However, there are some measures which have been instituted to help reduce stereotyping. There are those who have a common tendency of thinking that the way people think and cat can be uniform across the globe (Carroll, 2009). This is not true because people are diverse and their mindsets also vary. This is mostly applicable in homosexuality whereby gays and lesbians are viewed to be outside the mainstream or dominant culture. The dominant culture in this case refers to marriage and love relationships between people of different gender. With the emergence of gothic culture, it is probable to categorize them as being weird or abnormal. Same sex marriages and behavioral patterns are prevalent in virtually all cultures. As Carroll (2009) documents,
The notion of evidence-based practice is closely related to the health decision-making process (Clark 44). Within the framework of evidence-based practice, it is necessary to take into account the evidence, available resources, and customers’ preferences. This is where the transtheoretical model is applied so as to ensure that either a single person can complete all the necessary tasks or sufficient collaborative practices are in place (Johnson et al. 170). It is safe to say that the transtheoretical model helps health care specialists to conceptualize the decision-making process and adapt their practice to the obtained evidence. The five stages of change outlined in this model are used to guide the patient from pre-contemplation to maintenance. The utilization of this model is also supported by the fact that evidence is insufficient in the majority of the cases (particularly when it comes to smoking and other bad habits) (Kowalski et al. 19). Evidence-based practice in combination with the transtheoretical model ensures that patients are perceived as a part of the treatment process regardless of the provider’s influence. Obviously, patient-provider relationships also heavily rely on the transtheoretical model because the latter is based on the concept of interpersonal interaction (Bassilios et al. 176). Therefore, evidence-based practice and the transtheoretical model combine into a powerful instrument that can be used to encourage patients to make healthful decisions even when they are not in hospital under the supervision of a health care specialist (Hayden 92). It is important to understand that patient’s behavior is one of the pivotal variables that can critically affect the outcomes of the treatment process. The transtheoretical model helps to promote healthy behaviors and reduces the occurrence of risky events (especially when it comes to individual health decisions) (Prochaska and Norcross 101). It can be concluded that evidence-based practice and the transtheoretical model can be used to make necessary adjustments to the patient’s environment and empower health care specialists to develop their decision-making skills as well. Works Cited Bassilios, Bridget, et al. “Predictors of Exercise in Individuals with Schizophrenia.” Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses , vol. 8, no. 4, 2015, pp. 173–182., Web. Clark, Phillip G. “Toward a Transtheoretical Model of Interprofessional Education: Stages, Processes, and Forces Supporting Institutional Change.” Journal of Interprofessional Care , vol. 27, no. 1, 2012, pp. 43–49., Web. Hayden, Joanna. Introduction to Health Behavior Theory . Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2014. Johnson, Paige, et al. “Body Satisfaction is Associated with Transtheoretical Model
Introduction The economies of most countries were affected badly and left in a struggling state after the World War II. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was initiated in the year 1944 and then formally established in the year 1945. Initially, the organization consisted of only 29 countries (De, 2011). The major objective of the IMF was to help in reconstructing the economies of the nations that were badly affected by the war. Countries that had economic imbalances would borrow money from the fund and repay over an agreed period. It is normal that nations suffer in terms of economic, political, as well as social well-being after war. War is expensive to nations that participate in it. A country that is not strong economically will suffer more compared to nations that are economically stable in the event of war. It becomes difficult for economically weak countries to finance their activities post-war due to the effects they suffer during war. To revive their economies, such nations depend on loans and grants from international organizations (De, 2011). The International Monetary Fund not only assists countries that are affected by war, but it also gives loans to nations whose economic difficulties are as a result of any other reason. It is imperative to note that the number of member nations has grown from 29 in the year 1948 to about 188 countries today. All these member nations are also members of the United Nations, apart from the Republic of Kosovo. The IMF has helped in increasing the stability of nations. The IMF has also been instrumental in the development of international trade. International trade has become of more importance since it facilitates globalization over the past couple of decades. In addition, the IMF has helped in the reduction of poverty across the world, as well as reducing the rate of unemployment. This research paper will focus on the ways in which the International Monetary Fund helped in reviving the world economy following the 2 nd World War. The promotion of global monetary cooperation One of the reasons why the IMF was created was to promote the global monetary corporation. The IMF is an international body that helps nations that have trade imbalances. Promoting monetary cooperation with the IMF was to be done via an institution where countries would make consultation, as well as collaborations regarding the international monetary problems. This is a forum where nations would bring their monetary problems to the set institutions. They would then explain the problems and later get advice on how to deal with them. Since the institutions were open to various countries
Rene Descartes is arguably the father of modern philosophy; he is the one philosopher who is heralded for the introduction of algebra and the connection that lay between algebra and the scholarly subject of geometry. His most famous artwork, however, is “Meditations on first philosophy”. This is a short work that was first published in 1641 in the French language called Meditationes de Prima. In work, he provides a truth-seeking foundation for the possibilities presented by science. Skepticism is one tool that Descartes uses to offer the underlying issues of education and knowledge. Personally, he is not a skeptic but uses this to raise the curiosity of the reader to try and find out the possibilities that scientific knowledge offers. He asks questions such as: how true is the fact that the world revolves in a solar system. This skeptic approach leaves the reader with no alternative but to undertake studies to determine the truth behind the analogy of the solar system. There developed a number of critics of his works, especially his skeptic approach, and in a way, he achieved his objective of adding unto knowledge as thereafter in an attempt to prove him wrong, the critics set about running researched and writing books of concepts determining the truth behind the scientific knowledge. Such great critics of Descartes’s works included theologians and fellow philosophers key among them being Arnauld, Hobbes, and Caterus, all of whom wrote back books trying to determine the truth behind the allegations that Descartes had leveled against their fields of specialization. In coming up with most of his philosophies, Descartes employed lots of rationalism. Rationalism, as per his definition, is any view that appeals to reason and, more specifically, as being the spring of knowledge or an explanation. Descartes believed that reason has preference over other ways of acquiring knowledge. He, therefore, used this to come up with lots of explanations, especially on political enlighten, as he emphasized on political reasoning. Politics is currently just a pile of rational