Introduction Memory is described as storing, preserving and recalling of information and it is classified into short-term and long-term memory. On getting hold of information, it is immediately stored in the short-term memory. Shortly, this data is conveyed to long-term memory, which is lasting. Short-term memory is a collection of nerve impulses and is very vulnerable to impairment (Rabins, 2007). In this case, a condition known as dementia occurs where patients can recall events that happened in the past but they can barely recall immediate things like the person they have just met. Many studies have been conducted to show the causes of memory loss and its management strategies. Serious memory impairments are often associated with aging and disease. Age Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI) is common where elderly persons are unable to remember information or new facts. On aging, memory efficiency declines and memory lapses occur although in most cases it is mild and does not affect the day to day life of an individual. Memory loss in aging could be total or partial and it is often expected. However, in case of a disease such the Alzheimer’s disease, there is pervasive memory impairment to the extent that relationships and social activities are compromised. In case of Alzheimer’s disease, memory loss is mostly lasting and happens steadily. In addition, recurrent diseases such as epilepsy and meningitis are also attributed to permanent and sudden memory loss (Rabins, 2007). This paper shall discuss memory impairment associated with diseases and aging while covering various case studies to assert the claims. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) When a person’s memory goes below the normal state, this is assessed through determining MCI. In MCI, evaluation is based on the results of memory tests. It is however, a less serious condition than Alzheimer’s disease where an individual has inability to perform tasks or becomes disoriented and confused. As MCI progresses, there is a decline in mental functioning capabilities. Individuals in such a state have extreme memory lapses abnormal to their age. MCI is indicated through forgetting names as well as places familiar to them, fail to service appointments and make repetitive jokes. This means that diagnoses of MCI should be carried out immediately the memory impairment is noticed as a destructing factor of day to day activities. Studies have indicated that elderly individuals with MCI have a high likelihood of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease as time goes by. Thus on noticing such instances patients are recommended to take vitamin E and Alzheimer’s disease medication since they could prevent and postponement Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with MCI (Chertkow, 2009). Case Studies A study of five years in Mayo Clinic of patients with MCI and who are undergoing medical attention in the department of Internal Medicine was done. Patients were diagnosed for MCI, when complaining of defective memory, when this interfered with their day to day activities, had normal cognitive performance, impaired memory according to age and lack of dementia. As a result, out of over seventy five patients, about 10-15 % of the cases turn to be AD every year. Analyzing their cognitive profiles since their first diagnoses to evaluate the ones whose condition was stable and