ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The study aims at estimating the effect of media on body image and depression among women. The author argues that though body image is shaped by individual personality, media has a huge contribution in developing this image among women. In media, the author argues that magazine, in particular, has the maximum contribution in shaping the body image among women. Further, the research shows some interesting findings regarding the relationship between weight and the personality of women. Set of hypotheses The literature argues that media creates stereotypical body image which is usually a ‘thinner the better’ concept and this has a profound effect on female viewers. This leads to the first hypothesis of the study which states that media directly affects perception of body image. The researchers further hypothesized that personality traits self-esteem, degree of importance attached to appearance, and degree of importance to relationships will have a direct effect on the perception of body image. The next set of hypotheses were influenced by demographic factors such as age, gender, and weight, and BMI (body mass index) having a direct effect on body image. 90 respondents were surveyed, of which 64.5% were female and the rest were male. The mean age of the sample group was 20 years. Their mean height was 173 cm and 166 cm for men and women respectively and their weight was 72 kg and 66kg for men and women respectively. The response was collected on the Likert scale. Data were collected through personal interviews and questionnaire responses. The hypothesis was analyzed by a series of multiple regressions. Methods For the measurement of the dependent variables, the researchers employed the following methods. Body Image was measured as a multi-item construct. This was done by asking the respondents about the body part which they would like to change. The main components of factor analysis revealed three factors explaining 52% of the variance. The first was satisfaction with Body shape, the second dimension measured satisfaction with upper features and the third dimension measured satisfaction with minor features. Conbrach’s alpha for these variables was calculated to be.87 and a lower score was indicative of appearance to be a major concern for respondents. Factor analysis revealed three dimensions, “Social Confidence”, “Self-Worth”, and “Respect”. The next questions asked the respondent to choose the mediums considered most enjoyable and reliable. This was followed by measures the exposure to the respective mediums. Finally, a series of questions measured the perceived pressure exerted on the respondent from the three different mediums (television, magazines, and the internet) co
Introduction A franchise is an outlet that is authorized to sell or distribute services or products in a specific location on behalf of another business. Given the past successes of Natural Beauty and the strong demand for your firm’s products, I would strongly recommend you to run franchises instead of floating new businesses as that would come with additional starting and running cost as well as management costs. Growth of business calls for additional capital to finance and run new outlets. Managing these new business outlets also becomes more hectic especially if they are spread across vast regions. Franchising will help you overcome these challenges by having Natural Beauty brand-name associated with the franchises hence giving you a solid take off and opening new opportunities to make it in the market. Benefits High Leverage for greater expansion and revenues Franchising will guarantee you wider distribution of your beauty products and increased revenues, larger market share, brand name recognition and economies of scale as Francis (2009) points out. A new franchise offers you a better chance of securing your desired territory and the same quality standards at a lower cost than the existing competitors. Franchising is a mark of good financial standing and a desire to expand Natural Beauty operations. With an established customer base already in place, this would ensure good performance from the beginning. Knowledge of the local markets During expansion of your business, it will be highly unlikely for you to understand the prevailing local market conditions and the business environment in a new market. The franchisee will give you a touch of the local market due to their closeness to the consumer. By taking up a new franchise it means incorporating into operations a venture that is already on a strong footing with all the operational bottlenecks already eliminated. He already has his market curved out from the long experience in operations and hence your main task will be to streamline your operations Business growth and more working capital Growth is achieved much faster as compared to the regular businesses because there is no limit to the number of franchises that can be formed under the umbrella of natural beauty brand. This translates to a higher working capital for the business. Besides these, due to bulk purchase tendencies the companies gets to enjoy discount from vendors, better lease options and better discounts on equipment and raw materials. The company is also able to source funds from varied sources as compared to individually owned companies (Brooke, n.d.). Possession of knowledge and special skills by the franchisees Staff in a franchise possesses a wide pool of varied skills that can be exploited to the benefit of the business. Solutions to any problem are addressed expeditiously within the franchise chain. Technical support and any other assist
Public company A public company can be defined in terms of how it trades its stock to the public through the stock market. Barry (2007) notes that these companies are obliged to file definite reports with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission normally termed as (SEC). In a case of a publicly traded company, the securities are held by investors. One of the advantages attached to public company is its ability to raise capital through sale of securities in the stock market. Persons to act as directors of a public company must strictly adhere to the rule of signing the consent. Furthermore, public companies cannot commence business unless it has been issued with a certificate of commencement (Barry, 2007). This observation contradicts with a private company which can commence its business upon incorporation. Private company This type of company is not allowed legally to offer its shares to be traded in the stock market a fact which makes it appropriate for small businesses which does not require immense amount of capital. In a situation where private company is limited by shares, liabilities of the company can only be settled up to the value of the share held by shareholder. The memorandum of association is usually shaped in a manner prescribed by the secretary of state. Another aspect is the Impossibility of one party to give the share to another third. This form of restriction is found in an article of association. On the contrary, public companies do not restrict transfer of shares to a third party. Meaning of limited liability In relation to investment, limited liability guards an investor from loosing more than the amount invested in the business (Claessens, 2000). This means that in case the business goes into liquidation, an investor will not be responsible for the debts of the company which exceeds the capital contributed. Company law separates ownership and liability and specifies that an investor cannot loose more than money paid for the shares in the business. Corporate Governance in the UK In a study done by Sun (2009), ‘the codes and regulations stipulate clearly the typical level of good practice with reference to specifics like; accountability, audit and contact with share holders, remuneration of directors, and composition of the board with their development criterion’. The listing rules states vividly that ‘‘all companies incorporated in the UK and have been listed on the London Stock Exchange must report on their application of combined codes while giving account details to the owners of the business venture”, Sun (2009). The details of the Turnbull Report give guidelines on corporate governance in the UK with respect to internal controls (including finance, management of risks, compliance and operation of accounting entries). Before mentioning the principles of corporate governance, it is critical to examine some of its major component such as; honesty, accountability, openness, and mutual respect. Shareholders ought to be given respe
“Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali was born on 3 September 1936 in Hammam-Sousse, Tunisia” (Pierre para 1). In his teenage, Ben Ali got into the anti-French independence Neo-Destour movement. This made him be expelled from the schools that were under the management of the French. Ben Ali involvement with the Neo-Destour movement earned him a scholarship at a military school in France after Tunisia got independence in 1956 (Pierre para 2). On returning to Tunisia, he joined the military security in 1964-1974, where he was the head of Tunisian military security. Ben Ali then quickly rose to the ranks and became the general in the year 1979, then the Tunisian ambassador to Poland in 1980 and the Head of national security. He then became the minister of interior in 1986. In 1987, Ben Ali was then appointed prime minister by the president. His appointment in October 1987 later led to the ousting of president Habib Bourguiba in November 1987 after a successful coup d’ etat. Ben Ali then assumed the position of the presidency (Pierre para 2). During Ben Ali’s twenty three year rule (1987 -2011), he first claimed to ease up on stern political measures concerning opposition movements, particularly the Mouvement des Démocrates Sociaux (MDS; Social Democratic Movement) and the MTI. His interest in multiparty system led to the signing of the national pact with opposition leaders in 1988. Human rights activists, Islamic, and opposition leaders increased protests over the years since Ben Ali took power as president over his oppressive leadership. He manipulated and controlled the politics through his Constitutional Democratic Rally party. The key positions in the state and local government were held by the CDR party. Ben Ali put into place changes in the constitution to ensure his presidency could be extended without limit through his party which held most of the parliamentary seats. He also allowed a few political parties and imposed strict rules and regulations to minimize opposition to his rule. His political party constantly held majority of the seats in the lower parliament during his political tenure; the ruling party had constantly won elections with a great majority over the five terms. Hizb An-Nahdah, (Renaissance Party), an Islamist opposition which rose in the 1990’s led by Rashid Ghannouchi was banned and branded a terrorist organization. The Islamist opposition was believed to be a terrorist organization which was pushing for the establishment of an Islamist state according to the United States State Department in 2003. Ben Ali pushed the passing of the anti-terrorism law in 2003, leading to arbitrary arrests and cases of torture (Pollock para 9). Repression was a major crisis faced in the country. Ben Ali often controlled the news and information in and out of the country. Journalists and human rights activists were constantly the target of police brutality and were subjected to surveillance by intelligence services. Foreign journalists were often accompanied by an official from the Tunisian Agency for External Communication – this was done to control
The scope of the research This research will revolve around establishing the level of employee satisfaction as influencing organizational performance in five organizations across the UAE. The research will be carried out in stages. The first stage will involve establishing the research objectives after which empirical literature will be located to understand the current position of the research topic. The last part will involve actual research, interpretation of the findings, and relation of the findings to the empirical literature. Research background Despite the fact that employee motivation and satisfaction are significant elements in the optimal performance matrix for an organization, the aspect of balance has always been very challenging in most organizations in the UAE. Through a relevant program training model, the concentration evaluation should remain active in developing dependence of interest attached to an activity, creating proactive relationships, and monitoring interaction with physical aspects of team evaluation. Eventually, this pays off since that individual will learn to appreciate the essence of learning and need to stay active (Bohlander & Snell 2007). Thus, despite training coordination being rated as a high self management assessment strategy, actionable planning is of essence to create solution oriented task and strategy implementation secession for quantifying performance levels. This paper will attempt to establish the link between organizational efficiency and employee motivational level. Research problem Reflectively, the motivational and energy aspects of appreciation functions simultaneously at micro and macro levels to facilitate optimal functionality or productivity (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). When properly incorporated within and without different departmental segmentations as an active component of the company goals and vision, the complete interaction between the management and other staff will contribute to value addition, good performance, and healthy working environment (Hellriegel & Slocum 2011). The main problem is that some assessment systems are not fair enough for employees. As a result, most organizations’ employee evaluation programs are stress-inducing for supervisors and employees. Evaluation policies and standards come from top management (DeCenzo & Robbins 2007). It is important to establish the strategies that may be applied by organizations to reverse the above trend. Rationale of the research The need for employee motivation and satisfaction obliges more research in the area of human resource management strategies that organizations apply. It is for these reasons that the research will attempt to provide a framework for organizational success as determined by the level of employee satisfaction and motivation (Harrison & Wicks 2013). At the end of the research, case study companies, which want to further improve their employee motivation strategies, will be in possession of the ideal strategies for sustainable employee motivation and performance. Research aims and objectives This study attempts to explicitly review the human res
Introduction Today is the world where people confront a variety of issues- issues such as natural disaster, political instability, unemployment, lower agricultural productivity, climate change, deadly diseases, juvenile delinquency, increasing trend of divorce, drug abuse, teen pregnancy, indiscipline in the classroom, digital divide, low education standards, and many others. The process of establishing causes and searching for solutions to these issues may be called research. A key objective of the research is to expand the knowledge base. Genuine research generally starts when someone has identified an issue and asked a question, and set out to search for an answer to the question. Although answers of questionable validity or reliability may already be available, still more knowledge through further research is necessary to find an accurate and complete answer. This is also the case in the field of education- be it curriculum, foundations, administration, or planning. Most of the work being done in the field of education focuses on learning and teaching, but the problem areas also include the methodology of teaching, multiculturalism, motivation, intelligence, attention, parental involvement, instructional technology, and classroom discipline. Any study of investigation, which sets out to find solutions for these and other problems, can be called educational research. This paper will determine what good education research is? Discussion in the paper will be made, based on a comparative analysis of positions taken by Hostetler, Firestone, and Martin on the topic of good education research. Hostetler’s Claims & Beliefs about ‘Good’ Research Education research is important because it strives to search for solutions to the issues of learning and teaching as well as other interrelated areas. The importance of education research is established from the fact that it provides the data or information to manage educational issues more effectively and intelligently. Education research provides important information to help policymakers design and formulate good policies, for example, policies that would make the learning and teaching process less problematic at one hand and more rewarding to learners, teachers, and society as a whole. Moreover, education research provides important information to help improve the knowledge base in the field of education. Education research tends to solve issues for improving the quality of education and contribute to the welfare of society. Hostetler (2005) believes good education research focuses on the well-being of people. According to Hostetler, good research is not only about following sound procedures but also of beneficial aims and results. Hostetler
Introduction In times of peace, the population is quick to become discontent. They stop caring about foreign politics and turn their eyes on domestic issues. United in a struggle against a common foe, the populace will overlook its basic domestic problems, until said foe is defeated. This tactic was implemented since the dawn of time, enough times to be considered a classic. These tenets lie within the core of the USA’s modern foreign policies. The United States of America is causing and participating in military conflicts worldwide in order to assert its military and economic dominance, to distract its people from domestic problems at home, and uses the existence of foreign enemies in order to take away civil rights in the name of national security. This paper is going to be exploring this thesis. The Prelude The USA had entered world politics as a state only at the beginning of the 20th century. Before that, it was mostly preoccupied with the Mexican-American War, the Gold Rush, the American Civil War, and the reconstruction efforts that followed. The ties that the country kept with the rest of the world were mostly economic, based on exports and imports. The first major experience of the USA in global foreign politics came with the beginning of the First World War. The German submarines attacked the American trade convoys, as the Germans wanted to stop the flux of American goods towards their enemies. 1 The USA was thus justified to enter the war. The treatment of German-Americans was not justified, however. As the country mobilized for war, an entire national minority was given the status of “foreign enemies.” Many of their civil rights immediately revoked. President Wilson declared that some Americans were “born under foreign flags” were guilty of “disloyalty … and must be absolutely crushed.” 2 Those who failed to comply with many restrictions were branded dangerous. They were sent to internal camps. The situation repeated itself during the Second World War when Japanese-Americans faced the same treatment. 3 The Government had discovered that in times of crisis, it could easily deprive anyone, or any group, of their essential rights, as long as they justify it to the population. USSR – the New Enemy After the Second World War, the USSR became the main opponent for the USA. Both countries used the demonized image of one another in order to put restrictions on certain social groups and overinflate the military budget. It was also used as an excuse to impose their will on other countries. The weapon manufacturers enjoyed the abundance of government funding, even though the USA and the USSR were on different sides of the globe, meaning that any attempts of a direct invasion were impossible. The USA went through a demonization campaign of anything socialist, which became prevalent under President Truman. The USSR banned anything even remotely connected to the West. Bases were placed around the world, and proxy wars were waged in Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, and other countries. During that time, the USA had expanded its influence greatly. It had the capability to influence its allies. There was
Introduction Banner health was started as a nonprofit healthcare provider based in Phoenix Arizona in the United States. The institution was established in the year 1999. It has 23 hospitals, 4330 beds and 35000 employees (Banner Health, 2013). Banner health provides emergency care, hospital care, long term home care, outpatient surgeries, laboratory services, rehab services and pharmaceutical services. Banner Health also operates the Banner MediSun which is a medical insurance plan (Banner Health, 2013). Banner health hospitals are mostly located in big cities and towns, thus they target the populations residing in the large cities. The institute is well staffed with professional dedicated staff members. The various staff members include doctors, nurses, physicians and pharmacists among other medical professionals. The employees are responsible for, and committed to, providing quality healthcare services. Although banner health operates as a healthcare facility, physical fitness and nutrition is very essential in improving the overall health condition of an individual. Physical fitness is important in enhancing the physical appearance, athletic performance and the wellbeing of the individual, and in improving the overall quality of life. The benefits of physical fitness include increased energy, increased mental focus, increased strength and stamina and decreased stress levels (Jackson, 2009). Physical fitness is also important because it decreases the chances of getting heart related complications, and also reduces the chances of getting breast cancer. Physical fitness is, therefore, an essential requirement in health and health care provision (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2010; Jackson, 2009). Banner health is strategically located in large towns and cities where the population is mostly made up of young and middle aged generations. These generations are interested in taking care of their overall wellbeing, thus the introduction of a physical fitness and nutrition program is likely to attract a large part of this group. With consideration the above factors, a physical and fitness program will be introduced at all the banner health hospitals. The purpose of the program or project Banner health as a non- profit making body aims at providing quality and excellent health care to the public, and making a difference while doing that. The introduction of a nutrition health and fitness program at banner health will play a huge role in enhancing the provision of quality healthcare services. The health and fitness programs will help in improving the overall fitness of the patients, and will lead to the expansion of the hospital in to other regions. The creation of a physical fitness program will also be essential in creating new employment opportunities for the surrounding community members (Malhotra, 2009). The target audience of the project This pr