ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This paper introduces the description of the study concentrated on the role of psychiatric and mental health nurses. It defines the research problem and proves its timeliness. The document lists the objectives of the study and identifies its primary focus. It introduces research methods and explains their usefulness, as well as discusses the chosen forms of data collection. Finally, the paper identifies the utility of the study by presenting its determining factors. Research Description Research Problem Definition The proposed research will concentrate on the evolution of the role of psychiatric and mental health nurses in Canada. The timeliness of the study is based on the fact that mental health services changed their focus after deinstitutionalization in the 1980s (Goutler, 2015). The shift towards community care played a significant role both for patients and care providers (Boschma, 2011). Although the primary principles of care have not undergone great changes, it is necessary to understand how mental health nurses’ role has evolved and what the effects of the shift on medical professionals are. Thus, the research problem is to identify the contemporary tendencies in caregivers’ practices and the factors contributing to them. Objectives The primary objective of the study is to investigate the changes in caregivers’ role in the treatment of patients with mental health disparities. The research aims to focus not only on nurses’ experiences in care but also on the effects of the changes they face. Another study’s goal is to prove that the role of nurses has undergone severe shifts since the end of the twentieth century and that the impact of those changes is significant both to patients and to medical professionals. It also aims to suggest effective strategies of the nursing practice improvement based on the evidence collected from the interviews and the relevant literature. Primary Focus The study will focus on the reasons that cause changes in psychiatric nurses’ role. The researches by De Nesnera and Allen (2016), and Happell and McAllister (2015) suggest that there are several factors contributing to the issue, including physicians’ shortages. The changes also concern nursing ethics, scope, and standards of practice (Kane, 2015). Changing social and disease-type demographics are driving forces of the transformation as well (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). The new tendencies in treatment require caregivers to meet high demands for patient-centered, safe, and quality care. In Canada, nurses do not have national standards for their role, which means that there is inconsistency between their educational preparations (Parker & Hill, 2017). Thus, it is necessary to discuss the impact of change on their responsibilities, approaches to treatment, as well as their personal experience. The analysis of historical data will be also included in the research, as it is essential to trace and discuss the transformation over time. For example, in the 1970s, community mental health services only started to emerge in Canada (Boschma, Davies, & Morrow, 2014). Their occurrence was caused
Background The Aurora Shooting was one of the most tragic events in Colorado, US, where a mentally ill James Holmes committed a mass shooting. The incident took place on July 20, 2012, near Century 16 theatre, where James Holmes kills 12 people and heavily injured 70 (Pinto, 2020). It is stated that: “he was armed with a semi-automatic rifle, a shotgun and a pistol and according to prosecution, was listening to loud techno music on headphones during the assault “to block out the screams” (Pinto, 2020, para. 1). James Holmes was born on December 13, 1987, in California to his parents Arlene and Robert (Reid, 2018). Both parents did not have any major issues, such as alcoholism, domestic abuse, or substance abuse, and they can even be considered role models for a successful life (Reid, 2018). However, it is important to note that there were certain mental issues among the members of the extended family. For example, Arlene’s father had mental issues, such as psychosis and depression, which were found during midlife. Robert’s twin sister was diagnosed with mental illness early in her childhood (Reid, 2018). Robert’s father also had a psychiatric problem, where was the most prominent later in his life (Reid, 2018). However, both of the murderer’s parents had good mental and physical health. In other words, James Holmes’ family was a perfect one, where core values, such as family life, imitative, and education, were instilled early in his childhood. The murderer showed first major signs of mental issues during his 20-years-old. He completed his bachelor’s degree at the University of California and transitioned to the University of Colorado to earn a graduate degree and Ph.D. degree (Reid, 2018). Before the shooting, he broke up with his girlfriend, which worsened his mental condition. Agnew’s General Strain Theory The given case will be analyzed from the perspective of Agnew’s General Strain Theory, which was built upon the ideas of Merton’s Strain Theory. The theory was revised and completed by Robert Agnew based on Merton’s works. The theory states that “stressors can lead people to engage in deviant behavior as a method of coping with the negative effect they are likely to experience when under these stressors” (Shadmanfaat et al., 2018, p. 545). In other words, the conceptual framework assumes that it is a stressor, which catalyzes one’s inability to cope with certain undesirable events, which further leads to criminal activities. It is important to note that there are three main components of strain, which lead to criminal behavior. These are an introduction to negative stimuli, removal of positive stimuli, and failure to achieve the goals, which are perceived and valued in a positive light (Shadmanfaat et al., 2018). Therefore, a person, who is willing to commit a crime, is an individual who was unable to achieve his or her goals, lost something positive in his life, and was confronted with some form of negativity. The main strength of the theory is that it applies to all social classes rather than specific crimes. For example, Merton’
Introduction It is the opinion of this paper that Clark is indeed guilty of the crime of robbing the Big City Bank. The basis behind this statement can be seen in the DNA evidence which goes beyond mere circumstance and indicates that Clark was not only driving the get-away vehicle for the robbery but was also the one who robbed the bank. Examining the Plastic Bags Left Behind at the Crime Scene First and foremost, it was indicated in the case data that the suspect left behind two plastic bags that he was using as a means to avoid leaving fingerprints behind. While it is true that he was successful in such an attempt, the fact remains that some skin fragments were left behind in the bags that were utilized. These fragments, when subjected to a DNA test, were a definitive match to Clark’s own DNA profile to such an extent that there is only 1 chance out of 50 billion that a possible similarity could arise. Not only that, eyewitness testimony at the bank clearly indicated that the suspect was using the plastic bags that were found at the scene on his hands. It is based on this that when combining eye witness testimony with the DNA evidence found, it can clearly be assumed that Clark had, at some point, come into contact with the bags and it is likely he had conducted the robbery. However, the DNA evidence on the banks is not enough for a conviction, it is necessary to prove beyond doubt that Clark was at the scene and had actually planned to rob it. Eyewitness Testimony and Video Evidence Eyewitness testimony indicated that a man of the same height, build, and ethnicity as Clark was the man who had robbed the bank. While this can merely be stated as circumstantial evidence since there are probably thousands of other people with the same description within the U.S. alone, the fact remains that video evidence shows a connection between the description of the suspect and Clark. It must be noted that a man with the same height, build, and physical characteristics as Clark was caught on video at the bank several days before the incident. Upon investigation by the detectives and when Clark was also questioned, it was revealed that Clark had indeed visited the bank several days prior and was “supposedly” interested in opening a bank account. This behavior is in line with a common pattern in a criminal activity wherein a bank robber would “scope a location out” to determine the best way to rob it. While it is true that Clark’s presence could also be stated as purely circumstantial, the fact remains that he was also spotted at a nearby credit union wearing the same black and gray baseball cap that the suspect at the robbery was also wearing at the time. Since Clark not only matched the physical description of the suspect, was shown to be wearing the same item that the suspect wore to the robbery and there was also DNA evidence showing Clark’s DNA on the same plastic bags that
Ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle (322BC); Plato (347BC) as well as Socrates (399BC) contributed the basis for theorizing the learning process (Hammond et al. 2001, p.2). Descartes (1596-1650) reintroduced the Platonic concept of innate knowledge (Hammond et al. 2001, p.3). Descartes scholarly works provided leverage for the behavioral psychologists seeking to understand the genesis of behavior as well as laid the bases for furtherance by the cognitive scientists who had an interest in understanding the thinking process (Hammond et al. 2001, p.4). Along these lines Locke (1632-1704) worked on child’s thinking maturity process as influenced by individual experiences. Rousseau (1712-1778) was among the first philosopher to argue that education should be tailored to suit the child (Hammond et al. 2001, p.4). Kant (1724-1804) enhanced further the works of Plato on the rationalist theory by arguing that prior knowledge exists before the current experience. Kant was among the initial philosophers to recognize the processes of the mind and that the mind was integral of the thinking process and has the capacity to add value to the development of thoughts (Hammond et al. 2001, p.5). Modern psychologists have relied on the works by the likes of Descartes, Kant and Charles Darwin to study how people learn and discover better approaches for use in teaching (Hammond et al. 2001, p.5). Piaget (1896-1980) is credited with recognizing that learning is a developmental cognitive process where the learners construct knowledge instead of receiving from the teachers (Hammond et al. 2001, p.6). A Russian scholar Vygotsky (1896-1934) further developed Piaget works by giving it a cultural dimension (Hammond et al. 2001, p.7). Twitter is an internet based multimedia technology tool that allows interactive engagement by its users. This technology tool is a social networking site with audio and visual capabilities (Hussain et al., 2012, p.189). Twitter allows learners and teachers to create and propagate their own virtual communities where they can interact freely (Richardson and Swan, 2003, p.69). This virtual environment created forms the bases for the learning experience (Kreijns et al. 2003, p.336). Paradigm shifts in learning experience brought by the social and multimedia tools: From: Traditional teaching and Media To: Collaborative and Virtual learning (Social networking) Modified: Dawley ( 2009, p.122) In order to integrate Twitter’s multimedia perspective into the cognitive learning, assumptions will be made on mind processing. These assumptions should be in-line with the cognitive learning theories by psychologists like Locke, Kant, Piaget and Vygotsky. The minds information processing system interfaces are the audio and visual channels, that is for sound and pictures. The dual channel has bases on the works of Paivolo’s (1986) on the dual coding theory and Baddeley’s (1998) theory of working memory (Mayer and Moreno, 2003, p.44). Twitter pages have
There are many factors that influence a person’s life in his or her formative years, but parenting is likely the most important among them. One of the crucial things that parents can teach their children is the importance of pride. Teaching their kids to be proud is essential because it can give them the strength to stand up for what is right and evaluate the situations around them with a sense of pride and self-worth. A classic example of how teaching children to be proud makes them stronger is the upbringing of Martin Luther King Jr. A biography of the legendary Civil Rights Movement leader written by Fishman (2019) offers evidence of this. According to Fishman (2019), King Jr. learned the importance of pride when a clerk in a shoe shop “refused to serve Martin and his father” because they sat in places reserved for whites (p. 14). Instead of accepting the clerk’s discriminatory demands sanctioned by Jim Crow Laws, King Sr. proclaimed that he refuses to buy anything in a shop that treats him and his son as second-class citizens. By demonstrating his pride in being black to the store clerk, King Sr. also showed his son that there is no reason to be ashamed of his skin color. If he accepted the man’s demand and went to the places allotted to blacks, King Jr. could have learned there is no use in fighting against social injustice. Instead, the example of his father instilled pride in the future leader of the Civil Rights Movement and quite possibly gave him the strength to oppose injustice. Teaching children to be proud is also crucial because it gives them an inherent sense of self-worth ad, hence, the sure psychological footing to evaluate the world around them. Reference Fishman, J. M. (2019). Martin Luther King Jr.: Walking in the light . Lerner Publishing Group.
Organization structure Meijer supermarket is one of the largest shopping malls in the United States of America. There are various departments that constitute the whole of the hypermarket. The organization of the supermarket trickles down from the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) to the branch managers. The firm’s CEO is the main person. Supply chain Meijer supermarket has a well-organized supply chain, which involves the transfer of goods from the main warehouse to various stores around the country. Goods are stored in the firm’s stores countrywide. Branding and grading sometimes take place in the stores. After that, the commodities are transferred to various outlets. Farms products are taken directly to the supermarket stores where they are packed and stored ready for sale. Sales Department The sales department is organized in such a way that every department has its management that oversees the sales of the day. The stock is reviewed on a daily basis. Additional stock is added to the counters for the fast-moving products. The activity ensures that the consumers are well served with products. The sales made in a day are accounted for on a daily basis. After a quarter of the year, the sales department analyzes the quantity sold. Services There are various services that are offered by the Meijer supermarket to its customers. One of them is the ‘after-sales services.’ The service ensures that customers who buy goods in bulk are assisted to transport them to the car parks or even to their homes. Each branch of the supermarket has a special place where cars are parked. D
Introduction Bolivia and Colombia are located in South America. One of the major economic activities in these two countries is the cultivation of coca. The coca plant has thin leaves which are oval and opaque. Hence, it resembles a blackthorn bush. Coca is a major cash crop in both Colombia and Bolivia. These countries have been the major suppliers of coca since 1980. The coca plant is used as a raw material in the manufacture of cocaine and soft drinks like coca-cola. Coca is also used as a medicine and for religious, as well as, cultural purposes. The United States of America is a major market for cocaine which is manufactured in Bolivia and Colombia. The cultivation of coca has adversely affected the Bolivian and Colombian populations. Consequently, the Colombian and Bolivian governments have collaborated with the United States of America in an attempt to impede the cultivation of coca. This paper examines the geographical and political impacts of coca eradication in Colombia and Bolivia. It also analyzes the regional and agricultural changes that are associated with coca eradication. Geographical Impacts of Coca Eradication In 2000, the Colombian government signed Plan Colombia in collaboration with the United States of America. This was an initiative to eradicate the cultivation of coca. The signing of Plan Colombia led to adoption of aerial spraying of the coca plantations using glyphosate herbicide which kills the coca plants. Aerial spraying of coca plantations is conducted using airplanes or helicopters. When glyphosate is sprayed on a target plant, it is absorbed into the plant’s leaves. Once the glyphosate herbicide has been absorbed into a plant’s leaves, it hinders the production of protein in the plant. Consequently, the plant’s growth is inhibited. Initially, glyphosate was considered to be less harmful to the environment because it is water soluble. However, according to a recent research which was carried out by the United States Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, aerial spraying of glyphosate has the potential of causing instant negative and long term environmental effects. First, indiscriminate spraying of coca plantations has led to the destruction of some food crops like yucca and the loss of soil fertility (Jackiewicz and Bosco 123-124). Once a field is sprayed, its chances of yielding crops are reduced. Aerial spraying of glyphosate has also led to the damage of plants which are used fo
Thesis Anthropocene’s approach to the Green Thought and focus on the Human/Nature binary fail to address capitalism’s role in natural patterns. Capitalocene, as an alternative, addresses capitalism as a system of power and production that has written itself in the environmental history long before the Industrial Revolution. It provides a better-informed outlook on the relationship society has with nature and addresses new ways to confront the problem of the climate crisis. Synopsis Jason Moore’s essay begins with the criticism of the Anthropocene’s outlook on environmental politics and ecological history. Firstly, the author questions Anthropocene naming humanity the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution, with little to no regard for class, capital, or imperialism. He examines the validity of singling out one process from 19th Century Britain as the beginning of the modern world (Moore 595). Then Moore identifies how the human/nature binary, inherent to the approach, has separated humanity from the web of life and become integral to the current public conversations about the environment. Anthropocene’s focus on the Industrial Revolution ignores the earlier history of capitalism that originated in Columbus’s times. The Colombian exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and the New World has fundamentally altered environmental development (Moore 619). Capitalist forces of trade and colonization have played their part in natural evolution centuries before Industrialization. After the 1450s, socio-economic processes in Europe moved significantly faster, generating the idea of Cheap Nature as a source of cheap resources to satisfy the growing demand for capitalist processes. Historical capitalism is “a world-ecology of power, capital, and nature,” and the two cannot be organically separated at this point(Moore 595. In the following centuries, capitalism dominated human relationships with the environment by harvest
In the modern world, researchers tend to face an extended variety of difficulties when selecting a novice and appropriate framework for conducting a particular study. Today, scholars identify three distinct methodologies including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed designs. Thus, this choice pertains to a plethora of factors including underpinning epistemology, related theoretical dogmas, and the nature of the problem (Park 2012). Apart from the well-defined differences between these research approaches, there is “a fervent dispute” concerning the appropriateness and relevance of selecting a particular method, its benefits, and associated epistemological, ethical, and philosophical problems (Park 2012, p. 20). Consequently, the aim of this essay is to review the research frameworks used in the past and propose a relevant method that will comply with the principal intentions of the future inquiry covering the problems of Human Resource Management (HRM). When reviewing methodologies used to discover HRM in the context of project management, it could be said that researchers contributed to exploring this topic from dissimilar perspectives. Nonetheless, despite a plethora of research opportunities, the studies have a core similarity. For example, Mazur (2015) assumed that sustainable and strategic sides of HRM had a clear interference with the effectiveness of project implementation. A previous diffusion of spotting this correlation was systemized with the help of holistic method and interpretation of various theories (Mazur 2015). The selected instruments could be viewed as effective, as they reorganized the previously acquired data while structuring the research in a sufficient way. In turn, Batti (2014), when understanding a relationship between HRM practices and NGO’s (non-profit organizations) projects, also relied on qualitative methods presented by focus groups and interviews with specialists while adding new concepts to the existent studies. This strategy helped unveil the major problems that could be used as a foundation for solutions. It could be said that the assessment of research methodologies of the articles in the sphere of HR clearly indicates that the qualitative concepts are prioritized, as they help discover a topic profoundly with a sufficient focus on details and theoretical frameworks. The analysis of methodologies discovered above shapes a clear vision of applying quantitative strategies. Nonetheless, in the context of the selected topic, it will be unreasonable to rely on this approach solely. Creating a unique blend of qualitative and qualitative inquiries may be the most relevant strategy to dimin