ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Toxicity of a chemical depends on the amount of substance that gets into a tissue or organ. It has been demonstrated that a chemical produces its toxic effects in a body organ when sufficient amounts are delivered to the organ. I totally subscribe to the idea that all substances are poisons. What determines the degree to which a substance harms an organ is the dose given to the organ or tissue in an organism. In fact, even water is poisonous when it is taken in a large volume. Methods of testing toxicity of chemicals Without well designed and tested methods, it is difficult to test toxicity of chemicals. There are three methods used to test toxicity of chemicals: animal testing , in vitro tests and in silic o testing systems. Toxicity testing using animals is used to test toxicity levels of chemicals using experimental animals. They involve exposing the experimental animal to the test chemical for short or long periods. In vitro tests involve exposing animal tissues and cells to chemicals in the laboratory. The animal tissues and cells are harvested and cultured in the laboratory. In silico testing systems involve the use of computer models to predict the toxicity of a chemical based on its chemical structure. Usually, the structure of a test chemical is compared to chemicals with known structures to estimate its level of toxicity. Environmental sustainability Environmental sustainability is concerned with protecting the natural environment from the negative impact of humans and businesses. It concentrates on finding alternative and viable solutions to business and human activities that impact the environment. It is involved in finding long-term measures to protect the natural environment. The overall goal of protecting the natural environment is to make it sustain human life. There are three components of sustainable development: economic sustainability, social sustainability, and environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability is concerned with protecting the natural environment for use by current and future generations. Economic sustainability aims at ensuring that every activity has long-term economic value. The economic gains of projects should be analyzed to ensure that they are benefiting humanity. Social sustainability is a component of sustainable development that is concerned with promoting social benefits of projects for the current and future generations.
Recommendation To address KidZania’s current problems of stagnating growth and increasing competition, this memo recommends the adoption of alternative 4, namely, the development of content to extend the brand to other media. Unlike the company’s theme parks, entertainment media such as movies do not necessarily require the acquisition of a physical location or the establishment of a franchising contract. As a result, the reach of a film would be substantially higher than that of the parks, reaching into regions where KidZania parks are unavailable and capitalizing on new consumer bases. Additionally, by providing alternative media options to customers, KidZania would differentiate itself from its primary competition and obtain a substantial advantage. Support The movie that KidZania is considering can generate substantial revenue if it succeeds, possibly recouping its cost and ultimately making a profit. As Terech et al. note, the film industry is growing steadily, and many content-creating companies and properties have reached massive valuations (11-12). There is substantial potential for the film to be a financial success, particularly because KidZania can mitigate its advertising costs by using its parks to promote it. However, Terech et al. add that the primary expectation for the movie is that it will increase park visits and merchandise purchases while also providing a foundation for further initiatives (12). As a result, the park’s growth would improve, supplying it with the resources to work on other efforts. Moreover, the transfer of KidZania’s intellectual property into new media would differentiate it from its competition. The concept is not novel, as some of the most prominent amusement parks in the world, including Disneyland and Universal Studios properties, are successful in part because of their robust presence in film and other media. However, KidZania does not compete with these large parks because of its concept as a local venue that children frequently visit rather than a massive destination that they go to rarely. Moreover, few, if any, businesses that compete with KidZania directly have this dual presence, likely because many of them copied the concept with little innovations, and the new addition would distinguish the company. Plan First, it will be necessary to secure the resources and personnel required to produce the movie. To that end, KidZania will have to find investors for its venture and choose and contact the people whom it would like to produce the film. The procedure should tak
Introduction Jupiter Hammon is better known as the first African poet to be published in the United States. The American writer is currently a significant figure in the history of American literature. Hammon’s first poem was published in 1760, presumably at the age of 49 (Redding 24). The poet left behind a significant layer of works that are not the least in the art of poetry and prose. For most of his life, Jupiter Hammon lived on the Queens Village estate, a large plantation in the North owned by the Lloyd family. Jupiter Hammon belonged to the Lloyd family of Lloyd’s Neck, Long Island. Their family was very wealthy and were considered influential merchants and farmers. The Lloyds were listed with commercial and religious ties throughout New England and Britain. In the recently built Lloyd Manor House, the future famous poet Jupiter Hammon was born on October 17, 1711 (Redding 17). Due to the lack of a complete English equivalent of the term describing the status of a poet, Jupiter Hammon was verna, the Latin word for a householder. Jupiter Hammon (October 17, 1711–1805) grew up to be a diligent slave, namely the senior servant at Lloyd’s estate. Apparently, the author was never married or had children, according to the few available sources about his life. Thanks to the writer’s brother, Obedia Hammond (circa 1715-1755), the Hammon family line continued (Redding 17). He had connections with St. John’s Episcopal Church in Huntington, was married, and had three children. The descendants of the well-known family of Hammon, most likely, date back to Obedia through Richard, Cato, and Ruth, his children. Amo
Antigone by Sophocles dramatizes the conflict between a sense of duty towards the family and the claims of state. The two main actors in the masterwork namely Antigone and Creon represent the two sides of this conflict respectively. Throughout the play, there are hints that Creon who defends his actions as doing them in line with the interests of the people and the gods that he is doing the exact opposed and in the processes hurting both the gods and the citizens through his actions and decisions that lead to a series of tragedies. After the two sons of Oedipus, Polynices and Eteocles, die in a power tussle, Creon ascends to power once again in Thebes. Creon’s decision to have to have Eteocles given a decent burial and Polynices’ body left in the open battleground to rot and the death sentence that he issues against anyone who tries to bury Polynices is the central conflict in the play. The two brothers had made a pact to alternate leadership over Thebes, but when Eteocles term was over, he refused to honor the pact and instead clang to the throne. Polynices gathered an army, which was and attacked Thebes in what was regarded as the ‘Seven against Thebes’. Thebes won the war. However, it is due to this war that the two sons of Oedipus died. Creon was wrong in his decision, which he regarded to be in favor of the gods and the citizens of Thebes considering that he acted in favor of a man without honor who could not keep his word and declared the acts of Polynices as treason. When Antigone defies the order of Creon and buries her brother’s body, Creon becomes exceedingly upset, and a bitter argument ensues between him and Antigone. By that fact that Antigone is the sister of both Polynices and Eteocles, she believes that it is her obligation to bury her brother as it was not in any way pleasant to the gods to see the body of a bury rot in the open. Creon yet commits another atrocity that lacks the favor of both the gods and the citizens of Thebes. He condemns Antigone and her sister Ismene to be entombed alive which leads Antigone to take her own life before the order is carried out. By dragging Ismene in the problems of her sister, it is clear that Creon takes Antigone’s act of defiance from a point of selfish advantage and wants to finish Oedipus’ bloodline and secure the throne for himself. By deciding to punish both Ismene and Antigone, Creon exhibits a disconnection with kin, and through this, it is remarkably clear that he has lost the fundamentals of humanity and community. It is through Creon’s actions that people close to him lose their lives. On realizing that Antigone was dead, Creon’s son Haemon takes his own life after threatening to kill him. Creon’s own wife also takes her own life after she learns of her son’s death. This is another significant hint in the play that Creon’s deeds and rulings were not in favor of the gods and men but were founded on absolute pride and chauvinism. Creon comes to a change of heart when Tiresias the l
It is obvious that whenever cyber crimes are talked about, people immediately direct their minds to the financial sector of the economy. However, it is important to note that almost each sector uses computerized systems in its operations. Consequently, every sector of the economy is exposed to cyber criminals. In recent times, the energy sector has been the target of cyber criminals (Egan, 2012). Unfortunately, the energy sector does not take into consideration the probability of cyber crimes when advancing its systems. Consequently, no proper mechanisms have been put in place to take care for these eventualities. Industries in the energy sector have been computerizing their services at a very high rate. Therefore, internet has become a crucial ingredient in the operations of this sector. While the energy industries are working hard to streamline their activities with the current technology, criminals are also trying their level best to get access into these systems. The energy sector is at risk because its industries usually have large number of sensors through which people can gain access to the system. On the same note, industries in the energy sector usually hire many third party contractors who are given access to the systems (Egan, 2012). Similarly, the energy sector heavily depends on basic information technology (IT) platforms and IP-based networks which can easily be hacked. Furthermore, security of the systems is not given much attention in the energy sector. As it is now, the energy sector is not prepared to deal with cyber crimes. The systems are weak and it is easy for criminals to hack into them. About 30,000 work stations were affected when Saudi Aramco was attacked by a virus (Egan, 2012). The third parties that are given access to the systems cannot to be trusted. Given the weakness of the systems, it is almost impossible for the industry to defend itself from these attacks (Clayton, 2013). In this regard, in the event that a cyber attack is launched against the energy sector, it is bound to have far reaching consequences. The effects of a cyber attack on the energy sector will be worse given the fact that the industry has a single corporate and operational system. Unfortunately, the computer system is very weak and can be brought to a halt any time. In order to be safe, the energy industry will need to take several steps. To begin with, there is need to separate the corporate networks from the operational networks. This will not only reduce accessibility of the system, but will also minimize the effects in case an attack is launched. On the same note, since the infrastructure required to put into place an up-to-date security systems is expensive, it will be beneficial for the firms in the industry to pull resources together (Casey, 2011). This will be cheape
Commitment to health theory is a special model designed to determine the stages of development and behavior changes. This theory assumes the development of an internal state, as well as the acceptance of the desire to lead a healthy lifestyle under the conditions that any circumstances may limit a person. Moreover, with the help of this theory, the necessary level is determined, which indicates a particular stage of human health (Kelly, 2014). In addition, this theory assumes that there are no established differences, such as gender, race, and others, in order to build behavior aimed at developing a healthy lifestyle. In her research, Kelly (2008) uses the principles of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change. First of all, this is done in order to demonstrate certain stages of the change process. Furthermore, the model used sets specific requirements for health. Thus, the Commitment to Health Theory uses such principles as stages of change, decisive balance, and self-efficiency (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). In this way, Kelly uses essential principles of this theory; thus, they are interrelated. Concerning advanced nursing practice, this theory can be used as a measurement of some patient indicators. Thus, this model will help determine the goals necessary for the patient to instill the desire to lead a healthy lifestyle. In practice, this theory will also help track the process of change and how to behave with the patient (Kelly, 2008). For example, at the first stage, the task is to instill confidence, as well as to indicate the importance of the necessary changes. At the second stage, strategies are already being applied to strengthen the patient’s desire to improve the overall state of health. The third stage is the final one, and it should introduce the behavioral patterns necessary for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. As a result, health care professionals can use stages of change categories and commitment ratings to personalize therapy by employing change-specific tactics and motivating therapeutic communication techniques.
Asthma is caused by several factors, which cause air pollution such as inhalable dust emissions; particulate matter. This essay provides a literature review of what has been done by scholars to relate asthma with dust emissions. It specifically deals with dust particles, which are captured remotely or through remote sensing. Asthma and Particulate Matter D’Amato (2011) provides that PM is a serious element of air pollution that is associated with severe respiratory problems. It contains microscopic liquid droplets and solid particles of different sizes, origin, and composition. When those fine particles are inhaled, they get deep into the lower airways, and those with 2.5µms are retained in the human lung parenchyma. Thus, they cause exacerbation of allergic asthma, and chronic bronchitis. The world health organization reported that exposure to dust emissions result in increased respiratory symptoms, aggravated asthma, and 500,000 excess deaths annually across the world. Change of climate affects the quality of air leading to the production of aero allergens such as pollen grain and mould spores, which are linked directly with causing respiratory diseases and asthmatic exacerbations in susceptible persons. Air pollution resulting from dust emissions induce airway inflammation resulting in allergen-induced respiratory episodes (Scapellato et al, 2009). Furthermore, air pollution overcomes the mucosal layer in the lungs allowing PM 2.5 and ozone to change the allergenicity of aeroallergens. This enhances airway sensitization. Therefore, climatic factors such as meteorological events, rainfall patterns, and temperature changes trigger severe respiratory responses (NIEHS, 2010). Strachan (2000) research found that environmental changes due to desertification or industrialization are linked with respiratory morbidity. The study concluded that experiences of adverse effects on asthma occur during summer season when inhalable dust
The Expenditure Management System (EMS) in Canada has been a critical provision in the economic, social, and administrative sectors of the country. In the last decade, Canada has performed well economically both in the private and public sectors. This is due to the effectiveness of EMS whose functionality is aided through proper planning. This is evident since the system and effective planning has enabled the country to develop in various aspects. This has seen it emerge as one of the top 20 economies of the world due to its high GDP that stands at approximately $1.737 trillion (Bernier, 2001). However, there is need for Canada to align its expenditure management system with the current planning policies and guidelines. This is essential in ensuring effective management of government operations and utilization of resources that requires proper scheduling of activities. Planning is also necessary in the market based economy to ensure well structured expenditure on key business portfolios in private and public sectors. The country has low unemployment and inflation rates. The currency used in the country is the Canadian dollar while the systems are structured to ensure that the country conforms to both the local and international expenditure management provisions (Inwood, 2012). In the administrative contexts, the Expenditure Management System is an integral element that most of the Canadian institutions should adopt. This is because it encourages accountability through the provision of credible safeguards and control measures that ensures limited wastage of resources. The designing process entails securing viable and superior operating provisions (including IT software) to streamline the integration processes. Project managers in most institutions should understand their roles in executing the implementation of new EMS. This is to ensure that the project design initiatives are sustainable (Inwood, 2012). Th
Introduction The 7.0 magnitude earthquake that faced Haiti in 2010 was a major blow to nurses and other healthcare professionals. Various credible sources indicated that the natural disaster affected about 3.5 million people who required immediate medical and counseling services besides food, water, and shelter. This essay provides a detailed analysis of various primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing interventions that were related to the disaster. The Role of the Nurses in the Site of Earthquake Primary Interventions The need for primary prevention in the Haiti earthquake was paramount to the protection of the people against injuries and various diseases. For example, the nurses were charged with the prevention of communicable, airborne, and vector-borne diseases (Waring & Brown, 2005). The post-disaster strategies that were laid to prevent such occurrences included the provision of emergency medical care, shelters, proper site planning, clean water and sanitation, safe food, vector control, and education for the victims and humanitarian workers (Waring & Brown, 2005). Secondary Intervention The secondary intervention at the site was conducted to ensure the reduction of various effects of the diseases and injuries on the victims. The procedure for conducting the secondary interventions involved immediate detection and treatment of the injuries and diseases to halt their progress, implementing strategies for preventing the re-occurrence of the injuries. The secondary interventions also entailed the initiation of programs that helped the victims recover their original health statuses besides reducing long-term problems. For example, most nurses were involved in the regular examination of patients, provision of proper diet, modification of work for the injured people who wished to resume work, and administration of the appropriate drug dosages among others (Barzilay et al., 2013). Tertiary Intervention The primary aim of the tertiary intervention conducted by the health practitioners was to reduce the effect of the diseases and injuries that occurred because of the Haiti earthquake. For example, various programs were initiated to manage stroke, depression, permanent injuries, stress, and post-traumatic disorders among others. The nurses developed support groups to help the victims share their strategies with a view of coping with the situations that prevailed. There were also vocational programs to ensure that workers who were moderately affected either retained or found new jobs upon recovery (Raviola, Eustache, Oswald, & Belkin, 2012). Phases of the Disaster The fi
It is imperative to note that the Canadian and Quebec pension plans (CPP and QPP) were originally meant to take care of supplementary savings bearing in mind that saving skills have been a major challenge among several Canadians. Those who are agitating for CPP and QPP reforms must be missing an extremely critical point in their argument. They seem to be laying a lot of emphasis on one side of the debate. It is obvious that ithe f these pension plans are revised upwards, pension contributors will dearly suffer. The increments will indeed not favor workers who are already under the burden of the reduced wage bill. If there was a need to boost the savings of workers, the most important step to take would be to improve the average earnings of the same workers by a significant margin. Any attempt to double or even slightly increase the current pensionable amount will be injurious to the pension contributors. In 2010, CFIB conducted a research study on the likely impact of increasing both the CPP and QPP ratios. It was found out that such an attempt would inevitably impede job growth rates. It is prudent to note that if the rate at which employment is growing is slowed down, then the entire economy will equally be affected. Any other econ