ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The Burberry brand is an icon in the British fashion industry. But in for many decaes it is a company that no longer mattered when it comes to the new generation of consumers. Their problems were exacerbated by the over-licensing of their brand, global recession that severely affected the fashion industry and the work of counterfeiters. However, their most seriously challenge was their inability to correctly apply marketing tools. But when they decided to hire experienced business leaders who knew how to deal with the new economy and the new generation of shoppers they were able to turn things around. Some of the most effective steps taken were the segmentation of the market, marketing mix, and utilisation of digital commerce. But the firm cannot rest on its laurels. They still need to improve their market mix and the way their segmentation of the market. There is also a need to look into their use of digital technology to ensure that the hype they created actually translated into sales. The bottom-line is still the true measure of success. Introduction The global luxury goods market is multi-billion industry. This is comprised of apparel and
Introduction The COVID-19 health crisis has had a severe impact on all aspects of millions of people’s lives. This is an expected outcome of such a long-lasting global problem, as governments in all parts of the world introduce measures to restrict the spread of the disease and ensure the safety of citizens. The new policies and regulations aimed at protecting the health and wellbeing of the population can cause significant changes to everyone’s lifestyle, work, and daily routine. However, of the numerous pandemics throughout human history, only the current one has had such a profound effect on the English language (Lawson). This paper will explore the most notable neologisms related to the coronavirus and attempt to discern the factors that differentiate the current situation from similar events in the past. The neologisms The changes introduced by the pandemic can be observed in almost every aspect of life, and the language utilized by internet users is an excellent indication of that. Even with the lockdown giving some people more free time than they can spend, the habit of creating short words and colloquial expressions that denote widely known notions does not cease to exist. With so many innovative units of language connected with the current situation, the influx of new vocabulary was unavoidable. This phenomenon has inspired a number of journalists to produce articles that will be used as sources for creating this section of the paper. The first group of words that will be discussed in this article is related to the name of the diseases – coronavirus. A popular online dictionary states that “the rona is an informal shortening of coronavirus,” and some people even refer to it as “Miss Rona or Aunt Rona” (“New Words We Created Because Of Coronavirus”). This relatively humorous and lighthearted approach to facing an extremely severe crisis is a fascinating example of the inventive ways humans cope with fear, stress, and anxiety, caused by such existential threats. This widespread variant of the word is undoubtedly interesting; however, it is not the most peculiar. The creative users of Cockney rhyming slang have conceived an even more curious description – they call it “Miley Cyrus” (Lawson). The creativity of some dialect speakers never fails to amaze, and this is no exception. Covidiot is one of the more popular derogatory terms that emerged when the virus menace was spreading quickly. It is a blend of the words COVID and idiot referring to a person who does not act safely and responsibly during the pandemic (“New Words We Created Because Of Coronavirus”). It can be applied to someone who blatantly violates public health guidelines, such as maintaining social distancing, wearing a protective mask, or washing hands for 30 seconds. The notion also expands to those who worsen the situation in less obvious ways, such as buying extreme amounts of toilet paper and other hygiene products, thus causing a shortage for other people (“Covidiot”). “Moronavirus” has a similar meaning, but can also
Introduction The international system, including the legal system, has been long described as governed by the rule of anarchy since there is no authority higher than the state. At the same time, history saw numerous attempts of states to create international bodies that would establish certain rules and principles in the field of international law to guarantee justice and consistency. The present paper examines three important decisions issued by the International Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights in the field of state responsibility, human rights, and rights and duties of international organizations. Principle of State Responsibility One of the cornerstone principles of public international law is the concept of state responsibility that posits that if one state commits an unlawful act against another state, the latter should be able to require reparations from the guilty party. In such cases, a breach of an obligation, which arise from international agreements signed by the states, constitutes an unlawful act (Shaw, 208, p. 778). One important application of this principle was demonstrated in the Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia and Montenegro case that was heard by the International Court of Justice. The case referred to the harm inflicted on the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War in the early 1990s. In particular, Serbia was alleged to be responsible for the genocide of the Muslim Bosniaks during the Srebrenica massacre in 1995 (International Court of Justice, 2007). In 2007, the Court issued its judgment on the case stating that Serbia bore no direct responsibility for the genocide. In other words, the Court did not believe that Serbia has committed the Srebrenica genocide, or has participated in its planning or instigated it in any other way. Nevertheless, the Court ruled that Serbia had an international obligation toward Bosnia under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948, which Serbia failed to fulfill by not preventing the genocide from occurring and by not participating in the punishment of its perpetrators. Moreover, Serbia was found responsible for not complying with the provisional measures issued by the Court in 1993 which could also help prevent the genocide. A dissenting opinion was issued by the Vice-President of the Court, who claimed that “massive and compelling evidence” indicate that Serbia was a “principal actor or accomplice” in the genocide (International Court of Justice, 2007). The significance of this case lies in several of its dimensions. First of all, the concept of state responsibility was extended to include not only international agreements such as the Genocide Convention but also the orders issued by the International Court of Justice. According to the Court, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia “should normally have been aware of the serious danger that acts of genocide would be committed” based on the orders and other
Overview Nowadays email is the most frequently used tool in the process of organization management and development. If to compare email with other non-technological services like postal service or delivery companies, email is the fastest and the most cost-effective way of reaching out to customers, partners, colleagues, and managers (Reference for Business, n.d., para. 3). Widespread use of email messaging is true for all sectors and industries of business; however, to share important documents, email messaging is not the safest way for a company. For instance, an email message does not directly travel from a sender to the receiver it goes through a variety of networks before reaching its final destination in the recipient’s inbox. The process of travel makes messages exposed to various attacks connected with hacking, not secure enough networks and servers. Companies use domains to represent their online identity as a brand. Usually, domains are bought from a domain registrar like Office 365 and others. The prices usually vary on the size of the business and its needs. In general, companies pay for a domain name to use in their corporate email addresses, set up a public website, and for instant messaging within the company. Software Email software refers to a program that offers the greatest accessibility and functionality. In the majority of cases related to business, email software is connected not to particular technologies of email hosting but to various editors that offer personalized layout and tools of improving the messaging functionality ( Email Software , n.d., para. 1). Companies use email software for the reason of functionality and user-friendliness. Microsoft Outlook is an example of email software that provides support for a variety of businesses in need of email traffic that occurs within the environment of the Microsoft OS (operating system). Microsoft Outlook’s operation is similar to the performance of other email software; it offers a particular interface of email delivery, providing utilities of folders, filters, and features of multi-line viewing. Apart from providing quick messaging services for companies, email should also be mobile so that workers can be in touch wherever they are. Furthermore, nowadays the mobile
Executive Summary This paper strives to investigate changes in the value of FDI inflows in the Mexican automotive sector from 2012 to 2016. Data were obtained from Statista and analyzed using SPSS software (version 23), Tableau, and Microsoft Excel. Using these techniques, descriptive and inferential data analysis techniques were employed to understand the relationship between the independent variable (time) and the dependent variable (FDI). The descriptive methods employed were frequencies, mean, median, and standard of deviation, while the inferential analysis was conducted using the one-sample T-test (comparison of means). Broadly, it is established that there has been a significant decline in FDI inflows in the Mexican automotive market within the period under analysis. This finding contradicts those of previous research, which suggests a general increase in FDI inflows to the Mexican automotive sector. Introduction Background Due to the openness of its economy, Mexico is one of the highest recipients of foreign direct investments (FDIs) in the developing world (U.S. Department of Commerce 2017). Multiple reasons explain why this is so but researchers have pointed out that a good business environment, rising number of skilled laborers, macroeconomic stability, and its proximity to the United States largely explain the high FDIs in the North American nation (Yamazaki, Abo & Juhn 2013; Castillo et al. 2013; Pavlinek 2018; Buckley & Clegg 2016). The automobile sector is one of the biggest recipients of FDIs in Mexico. Indeed, it is one of the country’s most important sectors because it accounts for about 3.8% of its gross national product and 21% of the country’s manufacturing processes (Price Waterhouse Coopers Mexico 2013). FDI inflows in the Mexican automobile sector are subject to change because of uncertainties in the global macroeconomic environment, differences in economic policies between Mexico and the US (which is the country’s biggest FDI source), increased competition from alternative investment destinations, and changes in business realignment among investors (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean 2018). Consequently, there is a need to understand the trend in FDI flows in the country’s automotive sector. This paper explores changes in the value of foreign direct investments in the Mexican automotive sector between 2012 and 2016. Data will be obtained from Statista.com and analyzed using the SPSS technique, Microsoft Excel, and Tableau. Importance of Topic and Gaps FDI inflows are considered strong catalysts for economic growth (Ailincă 2016). Countries that receive high FDIs often benefit from the creation of new employment opportunities, expansion of productive capacities, and infrastructure growth (among others) (Gómez-Mera et al. 2014; Ye 2014; Lall & Narula 2013). An analysis of changes in FDI inflows in the Mexican automotive sect
People tend to have negative attitudes towards everything they consider uncommon. This is a mere display of fear of the unknown and utmost desire to protect themselves and their families from possible danger. Gangs and gang culture will always evoke concealed fear and hostility in any society for the stereotypes people have regarding gang members make them avoid any contact with these individuals. Mass media informing about horrific fights of young gangsters and their undisguised disrespect for law contribute daily into the society’s sustaining the already existing stereotypes. In his “Gangstas” Richard Rodriguez describes what exactly he does not like about gangs and their members paying special attention to gang culture, mostly the members’ music, dressing style, and language. Rodriguez presents facts without coloring the truth and lets everybody know his exact opinion about gang culture. In “Gangstas” Richard Rodriguez states that people have contradictory attitudes towards gangs and gang culture and can express two kinds of emotions towards gang members: either pity or hate; they hate gang members because they fear to object to their culture and they pity them because gang members become who they are against their own free will. To begin with, most people have a negative attitude towards gangs and gang culture. Richard Rodriguez points out that he hates them because of their music, dressing style, and specific language, or gestures, to be exact. His article starts with obvious hate and displeasure towards gang members, “Oh, how I hate their stupid sign language, occult and crooked palmings, finger-Chinese. I hate their Puritan black… I hate their singlets. I hate their tattoos, sentimental prick-roses. I hate their jargon. I hate their bandannas. I hate rap.” (Rodriguez) There is no doubt that most people keep to the very same point of view regarding gang members. The society believes that there is nothing good in these gangs and that their members continuously display disregard and disrespect towards elderly people as well as towards those who dare to criticize them, “Keep your eyes to yourself. Read your paperback. Read your magazine. Do not make eye contact. They are children so wary of any “dis” they might “smoke” you for staring.” (Rodriguez) Hate for gang culture mostly derives from the annoying music gang members tend to listen to. Not all people are able to admit that rap music can be indeed called “music”. Rap is quickly penetrating modern society with more and more young people starting to listen to it. Elderly population believes that music is a combination of sounds which evokes positive emotions in listeners, unlike rap which mostly annoys them. Some people may hate rap mostly because it is a part of gang culture, the culture they have to encounter daily in public transport and public places which are also used by gang members, “They get on the bus in their Raiders jackets, their ears plugged with huge brainstorms of rap–that’s what they hear; we hear a tiny, metallic tish, tish, tish leaking from their earphones.” (Rodriguez) The
Executive Summary The report is based on the 2012 Olympic and Paralympics games in London. It addresses the efforts by the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympics Games (LOCOG) in making sure that the event becomes a success. LOCOG has adopted various marketing practices that would enable it realize its ultimate goals. The report addresses the effectiveness of the selected marketing practices in the context of the 2012 Olympic Games. Based on the report findings, the marketing strategies adopted are effective and add value to the organization (LOCOG). For instance, they have increased awareness of the games not just in the UK, but also globally. The utilization of modern technology will aid the organization in deliverance of the games in style. It will also ensure, marketing is done, and communication is articulate, cost effective realized, security, and awareness created. Challenges posed by the technology are system hacking, fake websites and tickets, and the costs incurred in the installation of the ICT system. It has been recommended that the LOCOG collaborate with the police to ensure that fake deals are limited. It should also filter the websites and create awareness among the citizens worldwide. Introduction The 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics games are anticipated by a lot of people. The games have been seen as a way of promoting the culture and tourism industry in the UK. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympics Games (LOCOG) is one of the bodies that have been selected to foresee that the games are a success. Although LOCOG is from the private sector, the organization has been receiving funds to enable it prepare for the games. As part of its strategic plan, the organization has the responsibility of marketing of the games and creating awareness as well. The games have opened an opportunity that would be used to market the UK’s tourism industry and its diversified culture. The report explores the current marketing practices applied by the organization and the value added to the organization. It also investigates the challenges and opportunities presented by the changes in technology. Lastly, it gives recommendations about the available opportunities as part of gaining competitive advantage. Main findings Marketing practices Branding The LOCOG has rebranded the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympics by adopting a new logo (BBC Sports 2007). The new brand logo sign has been designed in such a manner that it acts as an aspiration to the people around the world. The aim
The author of this primary source is Hezekiah Niles, a Republican Party supporter, editor and proprietor of a noteworthy newspaper in Baltimore, Niles’ Weekly Register. The editor lived through the tumultuous period of the early 1800s in America. His views are largely based on personal analysis of the events of his time that he observed and wrote about. As the editor of a newspaper termed as “influential” it is likely his views reached many people at the time. [1] Despite his political affiliation, the author can be said to be a credible source. His position as an editor of a significant paper perhaps meant he had an in-depth knowledge of the politics of the time. However, his view should only be regarded as personal. Also, regarding his political affiliation, the subject of his writing and perhaps his views can be understood to reflect those of the official policies of the Republican Party. The purpose of this document is to defend the war by the ruling Republicans against Great Britain in American territories and show how the Federalists were impeding the success of this war. Considering that the document was published in an important newspaper, its main target was the readers. A large proportion of these readers probably were republican supporters. In addition, such information could also have been targeted at antagonists of the war- Federalists and their supporters-perhaps to give them a different view of the war. The author could have wanted to justify the declaration of war by the Republicans and win the backing and sympathy of the American public. He tries to portray the war policies of the ruling regime as a necessary act of self-defense to protect “life, liberty, and property.”[2] He states that this was in response to the British blockade of American ports and the invasion of American territories by British troops. [3] From the document, it is learned that the Republicans supported the war while the Federalists and their supporters did not. Republicans like Niles argue the war was necessary to counter British aggressions. Being the governing party, the Republican regime was obligated to protect the welfare of its people against a vengeful and overambitious enemy-Great Britain. [4] The Republicans declared war against Great Britain to bring to an end the British blockade of American ports and prevent British troops from occ
Article Summary Patel et al., in the article ‘Ending Africa’s Hunger’, illustrate that about a billion of world population consumes less than 1,900 calories of food per day. This largely deplorable situation necessitates devising of strategies to increase agricultural production. Africa has large agricultural fields and hence, if agricultural productivity per acre of land can be increased, the registered deficits can be tackled. One of the agricultural productivity improvement strategies introduced is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation initiative called “Green Revolution”. Green Revolution is a multibillion-dollar initiative aimed at revamping the African agriculture sector. The Foundation has already spent more than $ 1.3 billion on agricultural developments and grants in Africa, all with the aim of solving the African hunger problem (Patel et al.). Despite the millions of dollars being spent, it seems the Green Revolution strategy is not a viable solution. A person’s nutritional demands have expanded overtime due to changing lifestyles and plant genetics. Hunger in Africa results more from soil infertility and ineffective distribution strategies rather than individual farmer efforts. Green Revolution was a strategy hatched in the United States. The idea was implemented after the USA noted that hunger likely pushed the urban and rural poor population to demand changes in global politics. After its success in countries such as India, Philippines, Pakistan and Turkey; food production in those countries increased, it was hoped that the idea would yield similar success in Africa. Patel et al. argue that Green Revolution was practised on a large scale in China. However, when China withdrew from the initiative, South America was affected and hunger in South America increased by 20%. The increase in food production as a result of Green revolution was not that simple, and it was linked to other social issues. For example, peasants were removed from their lands to pave the way for commercial farming. Therefore, green revolution strategies enhanced agricultural production while leading to creation of slums. Other social and economic problems such as; persistent use of pesticides, reduction in water levels in rivers due to irrigation activities and other unregulated agricultural practices led to environmental degradation (Patel et al.). In India, where the Green Revolution was practised on a large scale, it caused environmental and economic issues prompting farmers to revert to old farming practices. In Africa, the Green Revolution strategy has extensively embraced technologically driven farming methods approach in achieving its objectives. About $1.3 billion has been invested in technology with about 30% being directed towards developing seed technologies, training women and providing infrastructure to source food locally (Patel et al). Criticism against Technology-Based A