ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
When speaking of the child’s development as of a sophisticated socio-cognitive process, it is of paramount importance to acknowledge the fact that the positive learning outcomes are impossible to achieve without the integration of various environments. Hence, the exercise of learning potential solely on the school or kindergarten premises is by no means beneficial for the child’s perception of learning and social adaptation (Tambyraja, 2017). One of the major reasons for that is that educators are to allocate time and resources equally for every student, meaning that there is a poor chance for the teacher to identify all the literacy learning peculiarities of each individual. The family support, on the other hand, is able to dedicate the attention to the learning aspects children feel rather insecure about in order to make their school performance an enjoyable experience. According to the researchers, the idea of communication between teachers and parents is of paramount significance for both sides (Carter, 2016). While teachers obtain valuable insights in terms of approaching the child, parents have the ability to consult a professional whenever they need support. Moreover, it is necessary to dwell on some ways family intervention in the literacy extension contributes to positive learning outcomes. The issue especially concerns bilingual families, as their kids tend to feel a lack of confidence when practicing English literacy activities (Jalongo, 2014). Hence, according to Jalongo (2014), the family’s role description includes:   * The audience for literacy events. When children perform any literacy activity, they require not only the educators’ guidance but the parents’ support throughout the process. The range of support is not generally limited to the activity type or age, as children tend to feel safer whenever they are supported by family.   * Encouragement and motivation. Being a part of various communicative situations, parents have the opportunity to observe the process of literacy extension and stimulate the child to put more effort into the interaction. Hence, having considered this information, it may be concluded that the notion of home-to-school connection is of paramount importance both for the cognitive and social development of a student. By experiencing both teacher and family’s support, the child learns the patterns of confident behavior while observing the examples of beneficial interaction between individuals. Reading comprehension is an integral part of literacy development, as it helps the children identify the necessary information in the text and correlate with both previous experiences and possible communicative situations in the future. Thus, when working with any text, it is the teacher’s responsibility to ensure such reflection techniques as text-to-self, text-to-text, and text-to-world connections (Elturki, 2017). Thus, the notion of text-to-self connection stands for the student’s ability to correlate the text content with personal experiences in order to obta
Essay with Fallacies Formal education has been a topic of a lasting debate, but there are still two major viewpoints concerning the field. Some think that formal learning is the basis for the development of human society, while many believe that this type of training is archaic and does not address the modern world’s needs. The latter perspective is more sound as the American society has already witnessed such adverse effects of inefficient education as an unprecedented crime rate, poor public health, and economic constraints. Many people agree that the modern educational system heavily relies on standards that do not help young generations develop but simply make learners identical in all possible ways. However, all learners have different styles, backgrounds, and interests. All these peculiarities should be taken into account when educating young learners. This goal is impossible to achieve in terms of formal education, as this system lacks flexibility. The archaic system focuses on standards rather than the real progress of children. As a result, students’ performance and capabilities are improperly assessed, which results in the low rate of enrollment into higher educational establishments. Thus, schools divert students from colleges and universities. In conclusion, it is possible to note that the level of trust to the existing educational system is very low as people do not trust the formal education anymore. The modern world’s challenges leave people no time to hesitate, as it is crucial to ensure the efficacy of one of the primary systems. Educators should develop students focusing on their peculiarities rather than their ability to fit in the standardized system. Analysis of Fallacies The paper in question contains four logical fallacies that undermine the effectiveness of the argument. The first one is the Correlation Implies Causation fallacy, as the author draws people’s attention to the correlation that does not exist. The writer mentions such unrelated issues as a high crime rate, economic constraints, poor public health, and formal education. The issues mentioned taking place simultaneously with no or indirect link with the existing educational system’s effectiveness. Due to the lack of the link between the issues, the argument does not seem sound. Another fallacy is associated with the appeal to popular opinion. The author notes that “many people” find formal education inefficient. However, popular opinion does not guarantee the soundness of the argument. In many cases, the opposite is the case. The third logical fallacy to be considered is the slippery slope fallacy. The author claims that formal education relies on very rigid
Introduction An article titled “Corporate Governance: Risk Management Starts at the Top,” written by Yen Chong explores the “hit-or-miss approach” to corporate governance in the context of risk management (43). It also provides a brief assessment of International Accounting Standards as well as Basel II banking regulations. Main text Chong argues that corporate crashes such as the dot-com bubble, the WorldCom fiasco, and the Enron-Anderson collapse were caused by the status quo approach to executive behavior and market valuation of modern companies (Chong 43). He contends that financial damage that sometimes amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars could be ascribed to the
Introduction Nowadays, there exist numerous guides on getting in shape, but they do not always appear to agree with their ideas. It is not surprising: the process of getting in shape is rather long and difficult, and one method is unlikely to fit every person. Still, a couple of suggestions can be relatively universal, including the advice of making sure to enjoy the process. Thus, the first step to getting in shape for any person is to understand that he or she wants to be in shape. The process needs to be completely voluntary; otherwise, it will be difficult to enjoy it. One could suggest that this stage provides motivation for the remaining elements of the process, which makes it crucial for success; it is the basis for getting in shape, and should not get skipped. The process of getting in shape Once the decision is made, it is time to begin the investigation. Indeed, doing anything without knowing how to do it is not a good idea. Reliable sources (for example, health magazines or professionals) need to be consulted with the aim of gathering enough knowledge to customize the process of getting in shape. The need for customization is apparent: everybody is special and unique, and, apart from that, people tend to have different tastes, which may affect their enjoyment. Getting in shape is typically related to physical activities and dieting, and there is a wide variety of ways to perform both. People who do not enjoy jogging might like powerlifting, and those who dislike vegetables might like fruits. Choosing what is most pleasant and convenient for every particular person appears to be another motivational technique that promises success. Having established the preferences, one can begin planning the process. This stage can be customized as well: some people prefer detailed plans while others are more comfortable with a gliding schedule. Setting goals can be motivational, but it is important to make them manageable and achievable while also ensuring a certain level of challenge, which should also be specific for every person. The knowledge from the previous phase should be used extensively here and, if possible, consulting specialists is also helpful. The next stage is the implementation, and it is likely to require much effort. Planning should provide the guidelines, and the customization of activities should provide motivation, but it is advisable to search for other sources of inspiration during this stage of getting in shape. For example, friends and relatives can be a source of support, and new ideas for getting-in-shape activities can be found during traveling or surfing the Internet. Thus, it is possible to return to the research and planning stages at any moment to modify the process for one’s enjoyment. Finally, if a person enjoys it, the process of getting in shape can and should become a habit and an integral part of one’s life, which brings along multiple benefits that do not have
Abstract In the late 1990s, the scientific world was astounded by the news of the successful cloning of a sheep named Dolly (Pence, 2004). This is because animal cloning is popularly understood as the creation of a copy of another animal, much the same way as the capability to create twins but in the laboratory. The significance of this scientific breakthrough is easy to understand as well as the controversies that will inevitably result from simply thinking about the implications of how far human knowledge has advanced. This study will take an overview of animal cloning and then attempt to figure out if the application of this technology can be beneficial to helping animals belonging to the endangered species list as well as the cloning of prized animals such as champion racehorses or cows that produce record-breaking amounts of milk. Animal Cloning In order to clearly evaluate animal cloning, there is a need to dispel wrong assumptions and then to provide enough background information regarding this technology to have a basis for analysis regarding the different factors that will ensure success or may prove to be a deterrent to success. Thus, the first thing that we need to look into is the scientific basis for reproducing an animal through cloning. By the way, there are of course many applications of animal cloning aside from using it to increase the number of animals that are considered endangered. For example, farm animals can be cloned to multiply livestock but due to the costly procedure, it does not make sense to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars when simple artificial insemination will do. However, there can be an exception when it comes to cloning prized animals. Consider for instance a cow named Zita, a Holstein that can produce 95 gallons a day of high-quality milk (Pence, 2004). Surely there is an incentive to clone an animal as valuable as this. It must be pointed out that animal cloning is not much different from the normal way of animal reproduction. Just to clarify we have to remember that animal reproduction requires two types of parent – the male and female. Sexual gametes must be donated by each one in order to produce offspring. Sperm cells must come out from the male animal and egg cells from the female must be ready to receive the sperm cells. Sperm cells are secreted from the testes of the male animal and these are deposited into the uterus of the female. Once inserted into the female reproductive area the sperm cells have the ability to swim deep into the uterus in order to combine with the egg cell. On the part of the female animal, her ovaries will secrete an egg cell during the sexual act and the egg will travel from the ovary through the fallopian tube and then into the uterus where it gets penetrated by the sperm cell. Once this action occurs the egg is fertilized. Inside the fertilized ovum genetic material from the male sperm cell will combine with the genetic material contained in the female egg cell. This is the reason why the offspring inherits from both the father and the mother. Afterward, the fertilized ovum becomes a complete cell that is ready to multiply and within it, the development of diffe
Introduction Languages such as English, Spanish and French among others are increasingly being used by people who are not native speakers of those languages in contemporary society. For example, it is noted that most universities around the world are adapting English as the basic language for instruction in the classroom (Upton & Lee-Thompson, 2001). Most of the individuals who use these languages in such contexts are either using them as their second language or as a foreign language. The current study will look at specific purposes on language use in English and Arabic. The study recognises the fact that these two languages are widely used, albeit with differing frequency, by scholars, academics and other individuals around the world today. As already indicated above, education is one of the areas where English, Arabic and other languages are used even though they may not be the first language of the learner. This has led to an increase in the number of studies and researchers focusing their attention on the use of language for specific purposes. This has led to the development of a distinct area of study that has come to be referred to as the Language for Specific Purposes (herein referred to as LSP). Language for Specific Purposes According to Zhang (2001), Language for Specific Purposes is a fairly recent field in applied linguistics. When used within this context, it refers to the branch of applied linguistics focusing on two aspects of education. One is the needs within the education itself and training, and secondly, research on language variation across a given field or area of study (Zhang, 2001)
Addiction to drugs is a severe health condition that affects the lives of millions of people globally. In particular, prescription drugs such as opioids that have been commonly administered as pain management treatment for severe pain resulted in a global opioid pandemic that adversely affected numerous Canadian citizens. Different countries take various measures to manage the causes and outcomes of the opioid crisis, with the spectrum of applicable interventions including mild and strict regulations. The case of Canada demonstrates that despite the omnipresence of illicit drug abuse and the multifaceted health problems associated with opioid dependence, the state authorities only start to initiate decisive measures. The present paper is designed to discuss the history of state interventions in Canada aimed at hard drug abuse, analyze the reasons for their implementation complexity, and introduce decriminalization as an important measure. The history of state interventions aimed at regulating and managing drugs in Canada includes approximately a century. The first incidences of drug abuse in Canada were documented in the 1850-s when Chinese settlers brought opium as a pain relief medication (Canadian Center for Addictions, 2016). In order to regulate the production of opium in Canada and ensure economic benefits for the state, the government initiated taxation for opium-producing factories. At that point in history, state regulations related to drugs viewed opium as medication and did not uncover any implications other than economic. However, at the beginning of the 20 th century, the number of opium users grew, addictive behaviors intensified, and a need for strict regulation of opium intake occurred. Indeed, as stated by the Canadian Center for Addiction (2016), the Opium Act of 1908 was aimed at criminalizing opium; “it was illegal to import, manufacture, or sell opium” (para. 2). Following this act, another legal document was enacted to regulate the use of hard drugs in patent medications. This legal document was called the Proprietary and Patent Medicine Act, which necessitated producers’ identification of hard drugs contained in their medications. With the emergence of black markets for opiates, the government of Canada was forced to intensify the regulations by imposing more responsibility on drug users and distributors. In 1911, the Opium and Drugs Act was passed to impose penalties for violations, which were further changed into long-term imprisonment in the subsequent corrections to the act (Canadian Center for Addictions, 2016). Further, in the 1960-s, drugs were classified into eight schedules, with illicit drugs included in the category subject to
Introduction Theoretical orientation of the problem In everyday usage, ambition and aspiration are synonyms and are used interchangeably. It suggests a personal uplifting. Aspiration means the goal, which has intense personal significance for one’s own self. Occupational aspiration refers to the extent an individual in develops oneself, especially regular work. Occupational aspiration in the formative year of life is supposed to determine success in later life with regard to the job, satisfaction, productivity and personal adjustment. Women continue to feel to be a weaker section of society. In spite of the amiable opportunities in various fields, she still seeks a place as an independent and honourable human being. During the last decade industrialization, urbanization, increasing level of education, awareness of rights, the wider influence of media and modernization has changed the status and position of women. The present time skyrocketing prices resulting in economic tension have aroused in women a desire to relieve herself from the financial and economic constraints of her life. Nowadays the number of educated women, including the number of working women is increasing. At present, women are in a position to compete with men in all walks of life. Today more and more women are coming out in search of employment, and their families also need their income. The financial demands of the families are becoming serious day by day. The skyrocketing cost of living, increasing expenses on the education of children, increasing the cost of housing, properties are the prominent features of today’s life. As a result of this, women, who were m
Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens on November 30 1835. He is a celebrated American author, critic, and humorist who first used his name Samuel Clemens in Nevada and California. He worked as a printer in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri. He also became a steamboat pilot at the river ports of St. Louis and New Orleans. He and his family moved to Nook Farm in Hartford, Connecticut in the 1860s then to Fredonia, New York and Keokuk, Iowa. These localities embedded in Samuel Clemens a hybrid of cultures, commerce and traditions. At age 22, Twain became a steamboat pilot. He also became a miner in Virginia City, Nevada after traveling with his brother Orion across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains (Gribben). Twain’s “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” was first published in November 1865 at New York Saturday press after failing to make it in a compilation. He was then commissioned by the Sacramento Union to write travelogues. He also became a travel correspondent to the Alta California newspaper. His
Dubai, one of the seven United Arabs Emirates (UAE), has captured the attention of the world as global city with a globally competitive economy. The city is has been known for oil industry but this has been replaced by its comprehensive tourism industry, hosting of events and construction projects. It is therefore evidenced that development of Dubai is line with concepts of globalisation and commodification. Globalisation is a function of Economy, Environment, Culture, Society and Politics, and effect on one result in effect on the other. Commodification is the process by which formerly non- economic things and relationships like institutions, objects, attributes, signs and even people are turned into commercial things whose prime purpose is sale in the market place, as Blunden (1975) explains. According to Marxist political economy it refers to the extension of market trade to formerly non-market areas, and to the handling of things as if they were a tradable commodity (Blunden,1975) A commodity is typically associated with 3 types of values: use value referring to the design of commodities to meet certain need either physically or psychologically; Exchange value as they can be bought and sold in the market with money, and finally commodities have sign value as they act as mode of self-expression in a battle for social position. (Gottdiener, 2000, 26) In Dubai the global media has influenced the society by laying emphasis on the three value of a commodity. The use value of commodities implies that for every need there a product claiming to satisfy it. This has lead to continue product differentiation to meet the arising needs. Labour in Dubai has been heavily commodified with the growth of the fashion industry. The socialisation of women to do domestic work such as dressmaking, cooking, cleaning and caring for the children among others for free has changed. The Dubai shopping mall is a classic example of how the otherwise non-
The play A Doll’s House is the best play the audience is presented to. First premiered in 1879 in Denmark it still makes you want to watch it over and over again. Along with many productions of this play, I think, the best ones are those that reflect the nineteenth-century costumes and atmosphere. In order to achieve success in conveying this atmosphere, it is necessary to set up the right decorations. I love the picture above; this is a production that makes you feel cozy. It is clearly seen what age is presented on the scene from the chairs’ design and the protagonists’ outfits. Nora’s hair is combed the way women used to do their hair in the nineteenth century. I liked the way they dressed up the main actress, this reflects the way the author describes her as an elegant and graceful woman. This is a new and contemporary view of the play. Of course, it is quite inappropriate trying to say the contemporary art is insulting, though it does turn over the way spectators are used to seeing the play. It is not that I am not ready for such minimalistic sets but this significantly complicates the way to indulge in the nineteenth-century environment. Besides, the actors must come up to the audience from behind the scenes because the viewer does not need to see the work of the director, decorators, costumiers, whereas this setting makes it available for the audiences’ eyes who and how is going to enter the doors. Therefore, richer elements of the decorations are also impossible to apply here because there are no walls or backgrounds to attach them to. It seems to me that the lights up on the ceiling are not enough to see the facial expressions of the actors, whereas such a small auditorium was surely meant to see everything closely. Moreover, the placement of the decoration items (chimney place, piano, table, etc) is too piled-up upon each other. The viewer does not particularly distinguish the various scenes, everything is too tightly located. I guess the actors’ play should make it all up. This little image features Soutra Gilmour’s startling design that I would be amazed at if invited to such a play. This is a glasshouse that reflects the initial meaning of the play – the protagonists live in a transparent house though still remain blind to their marriage problems. The lights and colors of the setting are very appealing to the audience, I think. N