ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Vibration in mechanical equipment and machine is a sign of trouble before failure. A machine foundation either experiences static loading condition or a combination of static and dynamic loading conditions. The latter is the focus of present article which focuses on the vibration of rotating equipment such as turbines, compressors, fans, motors, and pumps. Vibration in rotating machines occurs because the centre of rotation of a machine does not coincide with center of mass (Figure 1). Vibration is undesirable for a number of reasons in many domains, especially in engineering. There are a lot of methods that have been developed to prevent vibration in engineering systems. It has been found out that some mechanical linkages are able to conduct vibrations more effectively than others. Figure 1 Diagram of rotating machine (Nelson, 2002). To reduce the magnitude of unbalanced forces all the rotating components of reciprocating components of a machine should be balanced. Machine foundation needs special consideration as it acts as a link between rotating or vibrating machine and soil (Derrick and Derrick 3). Based on vibration theory all the mechanical machines can be divided into three types namely,   * Reciprocating machines: This type of machines transmits unbalanced force periodically to the foundation.   * Impact machines: This type of machines impart impact loading.   * Rotary machines: This type of machines impart dynamic load that fluctuates from minimum to maximum in a periodic manner. The vibration from a rotating machine transfers to the foundation and surrounding equipment in the form of noise and spatial vibration which degrade the performance of surrounding machines. This article focuses on identifying how the foundation of rotating machines gets affected due to vibration. Further, this article considers design consideration of rotating machines. Machine imbalance is the most common cause of vibration in rotating machines. Imbalance is special situation where the rotating axis does not coincide with weight distribution or the weight is unevenly distributed. There are three kind of mass imbalance:   * Static imbalance or force imbalance: Static imbalance occurs when a heavy lump of mass is located away from the axis of rotation.   * Couple imbalance: Couple imbalance occurs when the weights are distributed unevenly across the axis of rotation. Though the axis of rotation and centre of mass coincide, when machine starts to operate, the unevenly distributed weight develops an unbalanced force. This unbalanced force causes the vibration.   * Dynamic imbalance: This combines the two cases above when static and couple imbalance leads to vibration. Most common causes of machine imbalanc
Introduction The aspect of disability discrimination laws in the context of Workers Compensation is indeed a controversial subject and steeped in subjective and unsubstantive analysis. It is seen that The Americans with Disability Act 1990 was not having a sound definition for what constituted disability and thus the protection that could be claimed or rejected against disability is also a contentious matter depending upon its interpretation by Courts and their respective perspectives taken by them as to whether a person’s disability need to be of the kind that could be granted protection under this Act, or cannot be granted protection since the Court believes that the disability of the plaintiff is not job related and is not of the kind that could be affect the carrying on of the defendant (employer) business. Thus it is seen that there are three aspects that govern bringing disability within the scope of protection and thus compensation to be paid by employers.  1. The injury arouse out of and during the course of employment  2. The injury is not one that occurred due to personal reasons that could not be attributed to employment or the conduct of the employer.  3. A breach of contract has occurred and injury has resulted, for which the proximate cause could be employment or matters connected with employability and nothing else. Coming to the next point it is seen that worker’s compensation for disability discrimination laws could stem mainly from the interpretation of ADA, and it has also been held by federal courts that ADA had, on several occasions, prevented the correct application of Workers Compensation Laws in the states, because when there is conflict between the Federal laws and state laws, it is the Federal laws that gains preponderance, and on numerous legal instances, the State Courts decisions with regard to State anti-disability discrimination laws are not concurrent and may differ from state to state. “First, the requirement of individualized assessment leads to inconsistent and unpredictable court decisions.” (Hoffman, 2003). consistency of conduct shown towards a particular employee need to be shown to other co- employees also, maintaining same duty timings and doing similar work; in other words, in the matter of compensation, rights of all employees rank equally and no kind of discrimination can be shown
It should be noted that the classroom environment is one of the critical aspects of early childhood development. In terms of creating a literacy environment, it is worthy of mentioning that students of these age groups are intensely responsive to the physical settings in which they can interact with objects using their senses and learning mechanisms. Therefore, educators should place particular emphasis on the way they organize the environment for their students (DeBruin-Parecki & Slutzky, 2016). Importantly, the objects in class should be not only attractive to the eye but also be functional. Also, the educator’s interaction with the classroom setting and students is equally significant in developing literacy. The purpose of this paper is to create and analyze classroom environments for Birth to Pre-K and K to Grade 3 children. Classroom Environments and Literacy Components For Birth to Pre-K group, the classroom environment will be organized to engage students in physical, emotional, and cognitive activities. It will include intentional and experiential learning that is particularly important for children of this age. The crucial element will be the classroom’s organization, schedule, furniture, and accessories. Notably, the environment will include a playground and outdoor spaces (Wang, 2014). The area will have distinct learning cent
Participants in a communication process comprehend information based on their social intuition which may give rise to construed meanings. Disagreements or misunderstandings arising in communications can be attributed to collision emanating from a misinterpretation of information in a conversation. This discussion directs me to a recent experience whereby I kindly requested my friend Jude to look after my sick sibling while I went out to run some errands. My statement was as follows, “Jude would you by any chance come to my place and help with my little brother in the event I have to run some errands?” Jude’s reply have all the indications that he misunderstood my request, and this made me wonder if I had by any chance put the request through in an ambiguous manner. His response was, “I would if I did not have any extracurricular activities to attend”, he replied. I got the notion that he felt as if I was putting him to test on whether he would be available and able to help. The analysis of the response shows a sense of misunderstanding in the sense that I aimed at asking for a favor, but my friend took it as a question of ability. Coordinated management of meaning (CMM) as a theory argues that, people engaging in a conversation try hard to achieve coherence, coordinate actions and in so doing may experience misery. The difficulty in my conversation with Jude came in a context of relationship and though I might not have made my statement clear on whether it was a proposal or a test of ability, his reply showed that he took it as a question of ability. The creation of a conversation based on a mutual understanding and the nature of responsibility is inevitable. From my conversation, I failed to create a shared meaning by not expressing my idea in a more clear and coherent way, resulting in the failure in coordination. Thus, Jude acted by his understanding to my statement. Thus, proving that coordination is difficult in situations where people have different perceptions and logic meaning of actions. The consensus was reached once I called again and made my request plain and clear that I needed a favor and not testing his ability to deliver the request. To ensure for better communication, our interactions ought to be based on rules that guide us on how to act in different situations. Speech act constitutes actions that one performs by speaking, and which guide the feedback given by the interlocutor. The speech act may be a question, promise or even threat. In a situation like mine involving the conversation with Jude, the speech act intended is not grasped wholly by the recipient of the message, bringing about a c
Mexican Americans The immigrant group of Mexican Americans entered the United States in search for a job because the American farms, railroads, and mines were in a significant lack of cheap labor between the 1880’s and the 1920’s. Furthermore, the government held a number of working programs aimed specifically at Mexican immigrants due to the labor shortage after the WWI (Portnoy, Portnoy and Riggs 195). Nowadays there is evidence of a significant lack of education in Mexican Americans across a number of generations; in addition, this evidence is supported by perpetuated stereotyping of Mexican immigrants as being an uneducated and cheap manual labor. Thus, the main issue this immigrant group faces in the modern American society is the stigmatization of their low levels of education that resulted from low expectations of Mexicans entering the country on the part of the American government (Ortiz and Telles 2). However, the contribution of Mexican Americans into the growth of the American economy is incomparable with any other group. The majority of the cities’ infrastructure was built by Mexican immigrants; the transcontinental railroad would have never existed if it was not for the hard work of Mexican Americans. Lastly, the development of the agricultural sector in the late 1890’s it also attributed to Mexican Americans (Portnoy, Portnoy and Riggs 197). West Indian Blacks A view that the group of West Indian Blacks has achieved more success than the African Americans emerged in the middle of 1920’s, a short period of time after they began entering the States (Model 535). The main issues West Indian Blacks face is still, unfortunately, linked to their racial status. Because West Indian Blacks show better results than the African-American Black population, this immigrant group is forced to deal with disrespect from both white and non-white populations; this disrespect relates to blatant stereotyping, housing discrimination, and job discrimination. The systematic failure in providing jobs to West Indian Blacks continues to perpetuate the ideas of racial inequality within the American Society. The largest contribution the West Indian Blacks offered to the American society is their children. As children grow up, they show a significant improvement in their overall life achievements compared to their parents, as well as the African American minorities. While a small group of West Indian Blacks occupies highly paid jobs, the majority of them are representatives of the white-collar labor force with occupations in financial services or the sphere of retail (Portnoy, Portnoy and Riggs 189). Muslim Americans Despite the fact that the history of
In Looking for Alaska, John Green presents one of the most outstanding coming-of-age novels that explore profound existential questions about life, death, and the meaning of life. Green creates witty, well-drawn characters, full of individual quirks — to whom he affords the privilege of finding closure on their terms instead of resorting to the rather elusive happily ever after. In the book, the theme of death features prominently, and much of the plot is based on its events. Death shapes the lives of various characters, such as the protagonists, Miles, and Alaska. Alaska embodies the very nature through which death can change an individual’s life trajectory, as illustrated by her encounter with her mother’s death, and in more literal terms, by her death. Popular critique of the novel emphasizes the inevitability of death, and how despite the starkness of this reality, people can never really come to terms with death. However, in this essay, a different contention is taken. While the importance of death in the book is fully appreciated, this essay argues for Green using death as a means rather than an end. Death is used as a sort of midpoint, a signaler towards more urgent thematic preoccupations of this text: how to live and die. In addition, it shall be argued that the mediating process between how to live and how to die is another process in itself of finding the meaning of life. Death plays an instrumental role in this story, not only as a philosophical musing by the author and the characters but also as a midpoint that effectively separates the story into before and after. Death moves the story as much as it moves the readers in the way it propels the characters’ actions. The first death in the story, and arguably one from which much of the action is premised or proceeds, is Alaska’s mother’s death. Alaska witnessed this death and failed to act at that critical moment, something she eternally felt guilty about throughout the rest of the story. Thoyyibah asserts that through this encounter, Alaska was burdened with self-blame, as she watched her mother dying on the floor, yet did not attempt to help her in any way, and instead resorts to screaming and crying (34). This self-blame was exacerbated by the fact that her father seemed to blame her for her mother’s death, and she thought he was justified so, “…so I just sat there on the floor with her until my dad came home an hour later and he’s screaming ‘Why didn’t you call 911?’” (Green 120). Alaska’s disposition throughout the story can be attributed to this feeling of guilt. The death of Alaska’s mother and the circumstances of her death changes Alaska completely, not only just her but the discourse of the life of those close to her. Thoyiba cites this event as the significant childhood trauma that shaped Alaska’s characterization as a coping mechanism (1). It influences her worldview, especially on the process of living. Alaska takes on a nihilistic approach to life as evidenced by her interpretation of the metaphor of labyrinth “… It’s not
What are some special issues that arise in Internet transactions involving contracts as compared to traditional transactions involving contracts? In the contemporary society, internet transaction has grown rapidly into the most preferred means of transaction. Since internet transaction surpasses boundaries of the judiciary, several critical issues arise. The first major challenge is formulating a balanced legal obligation that involves more than one law. For instance, managing the geographical location of the agreement may prove challenging, especially when the same involves countries with different laws on the same. Besides, establishing universal acceptance formalities and verifiable content such as acceptance evidence and signatures are difficult to keep for future reference. Besides, there are no clear laws regulating contract agreements for international internet transactions. Moreover, litigation and arbitration venue may not be defined (Cheeseman, 2010). Generally, internet transactions still face the challenge of breach of contract in terms of substance and content of initial agreement since limited laws exist on reversing a disagreement or seeking compensation. Thus, business executives should enlist the services of a specialist in internet transaction laws to review eventual risks and provide informed mitigation before formalizing any international internet transaction. What other contract components should the manager make sure he or she is familiar with, and why? Besides clarity in contract formation, a business executive should critically review the aspects and assumptions of the risks involved. In practicality, it is vital to establish the premise that any contractual tenure allocates the aspect of risk between parties involved. Risk evaluation determines the possibility of optimal returns and cushion for any negative eventuality. Therefore, a critical review of the risks involved facilitates utility maximization out of a contract (Det
American College of Physicians. (2009). Nurse practitioners in primary care. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians. This is a policy monograph compiled by a group of medical doctors, professional nurse practitioners, and policy-makers/analysts. This policy monograph, which also serves as a position paper explores the expanding roles of nurse practitioners brought about by the shortages of physicians, both anticipated and actual, in the provision of primary care. Here, the paper explores different issues including the scope of practice, prescriptive authority, and the third-party reimbursement in the nurse practitioner profession. Besides reviewing current journal articles regarding the general roles of nurse practitioners, the paper recognizes the need for nurse practitioners to team up with physicians in providing high-quality and patient-centered care. As a result, this paper provides useful information needed to complete the current project in that it serves as an additional resource that describes the roles of nurse practitioners in the physician-nurse practitioner teams. This is in recognition of the fact that the future of the healthcare sector depends on the development of resourceful and multidisciplinary physician-nurse practitioner teams (American College of Physicians, 2009, pp. 1-23). American Medical Association. (2009). Nurse practitioners. Chicago: American Medical Association. This module written by the
Different mental states depicted in the film The film “Ordinary People” clearly depicts how people can react differently in the same situation, thereby, activate different mental states based on their reactions. As to Conrad’s diagnosis, he showed symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conrad’s mother, Beth, showcases characteristics of a narcissist (Brooks et al., 2018). She refuses to talk about the death of her son. She attempts to ignore the hurt she is feeling and this makes her grieve process longer. Additionally, the fact that she does not care for her other child confirm her narcissistic behavior. She forces Conrad to participate in “normal” activities despite the fact that he (Conrad) does not want to as the said activities remind him of his brother. Indeed, one can argue that Conrad’s mother (Beth) is rigid due to the fact that she refuses to change her lifestyle. Agreeably, this is one way of dealing with loss, where the affected person wants things to remain the same in order to avoid more change in their daily routine. It can also be argued that it is for this same reason that Beth does not want to talk about her loss. Whereas this might seem like arrogance, it is a psychological way of dealing with loss. Whether it is effective or not is a different aspect all together. Stigma associated with mental health The different characters in the film all go through the different types of stigma. First, Conrad is referred to as a “crazy” person. This labeling is based on the fact that Conrad had suicidal thoughts and kept to himself. Unlike his mother, however, Conrad avoided activities he used to do
Introduction Social movements in fact are group actions. These are huge unofficial alliances of persons concentrated on explicit political or social matters. Political science and sociology have enhanced the diversity of theories and experimental studies on social movements. For instance, some study in political science emphasizes the connection between accepted movements and the creation of new political parties as well as conversing the purpose of social movements in association to agenda-setting and impact on government and politics. Zionist movement The Zionist movement outlined in the appearance and recognition of Israel as a Jewish state on May 14, 1948, proving that the movement succeeded with its primary aim: “the proclamation of a home for the Jewish nation in Palestine protected by public law.” Given the current view of Israeli disconnection from occupied lands and a hesitant Arab-Israeli peace, an evaluation of Zionism’s developing framing practices can aid in investigating the different discursive procedures that form the current Israeli dilemma. Social Movement Theory (SMT) is applied here to the Zionism movement with an accent on opposing frameworks prior to state sovereignty and up to the existing disengagement argues. By applying SMT to study the Zionist movement, it is argued that as Zionism is and has been the prevailing discussion for Israeli Jews, an essential component hampering the Arab-Israeli peace negotiations is the ongoing framing of Israeli individuality throughout a particular Zionist conversation. (El-Or, 1998) Most researchers disaggregate Zionism as including various connotations and restrictions through time. At the appearance of the modern Zionist movement, acceptance of the term had to be revised in order to permit for a nationalist and secular movement concluding in the establishment of Israel. Restricting modifications did not stop then but still appeared to exist. Some academics outline practical Zionism, Revisionist Zionism, new Zionism, and finally post-Zionism. (Simmons, 2004) Zionists distinguish that Zionism delights Israel as if it was established in space by repeatedly restricting the Israeli practice without any mentioning of the Palestinian one. Pre-state Zionists implemented an “Us-Them” individuality that put Arabs in the sort of them. All of these classifications and restrictions have been connected in some way to the spiritual essentiality of Israel, and Zionists advise that the domination of Zionism as the lens through which Israeli Jews regard themselves makes them unable to make alternative conversations that are significant for solving the Arab-Israeli conflict. Conclusion The use of social movement theory to Zionism pictures the difficulties of the communal and political circumstances inside and outside Israel that restrain peace. The inevitability of rearrangement of the discursive practices in up-to-date Israel is not just a treatment for the Israeli distinctiveness but also has insinuations for the Palestinian identity and for viewers and authorities who identify the Arab-Israeli conflict as somethin