ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, the primary goals of health care are quality improvement and patient safety. To support medical professionals in performing their work, it is crucial to evaluate potential errors and investigate the imperfections of the system. Root cause analysis (RCA) is regarded as a key tool to determine underlying issues that led to the problem and the changes required to avoid it. The RCA team of the reviewed case scenario consists of the nurse manager, the director of a pharmacy, and the facilitator, who is a quality assurance person. Each member of the team contributes specific knowledge to the root cause analysis. The nurse provides information about her work, emphasizing the difficulties with scanning the medication’s labels, and reaching a pharmacist. The pharmacist shares difficulties in his work that may cause a burnout error and mentions a lack of knowledge. The facilitator helps them to avoid blaming and focus on identifying the root causes of the error, which is administrating an incorrect medication to the patient. Some researchers state that “RCAs are typically time-consuming and labor-intensive with a primary goal of producing a report” (Li et al., 2015, p. 495). The case scenario shows that the process might become exhausting even for the participants who are trained to manage root cause analysis. In the case scenario, the collaboration included a description of the difficulties in the work of the nurse and the pharmacist that might lead to a medication error. It helped the parties to come to the effective solving of the problem. The evidence of effective collaboration is presented in the cause-effect diagram that was produced in the process of the root cause analysis. The diagram shows the bottlenecks of staff and equipment performance. Spath (2013) states that “performance assessment involves judging or evaluating measurement data for the purpose of reaching a conclusion” (p. 65). The diagram shows the data collected during the process of problem discussion. Some of the causes are believed to be bad equipment, defective barcode labels, and the scanner failing to process the delivered medication. The human factors were taken into account as well. After the identification of performance problems, the causes of insufficient performance should be identified. The team’s process of testing and eliminating the root causes that are not contributing to the problem included identifying the percentage of medication errors for each cause, assessing the risks of its occurrence. Usually, organizations have limited resources, money, and time for improvement projects, and the team has to identify the most crucial issues. According to Yoder-Wise (2015), “the impact of organization-wide change depends on the organization’s particular stage of development, degree of flexibility, and history of response to change” (p. 326). One of the performance improvement charts presented in the scenario is the Pareto chart of medication error analysis. It helps to identify the root cause assessing the percentage of medical errors for each cause and select the most crucial ones by the high percen
Problem Statement In the case of Kemper’s Furniture, the company has experienced a considerable drop in sales within the past year. While it may be true that new entrants into the market in the form of Sears has chipped away at its market lead, the fact remains that it should not have resulted in the sheer drop in sales that the company has experienced. This is despite the considerable level of community support the retailer has received and the increase in the amount of homes constructed in the suburbs which should have increased the company’s sales. It is based on this that this paper will attempt to determine why the sales of Kemper’s Furniture have been decreasing despite the various positive points that should have increased sales for the company or should have at least maintained it at its previous highs. Situational Analysis Strengths The main strength of Kemper’s lies in its considerable ties with the local community. The company has sold furniture in the same area for over 75 years and has created a considerable level of consumer patronage for its products. Based on the study of Min, Kalwani & Robinson (2006) which examined the ability of new players to enter into a saturated market, they revealed that there is a considerable disadvantage for new competitors since consumers are more likely to stick to a retailer that they know and trust rather than go for an untested retailer in the same market (Min, Kalwani & Robinson, 2006). While it is true that there will be a slight reduction in the amount of sales that goes towards the retailer that was already ready present, the real disadvantage lies with the new competitors since they have to catch up to the dominating market share of the market leader within that specific market. This shows that despite the level of competition between Kemper’s, Sears and Myer, Kemper’s still has the advantage. Weakness The main weakness of Kemper’s lies in the fact that it will be unable to match the lower prices of a major retailer such as Sears. Large retailers often have more efficient supply chains as possess the ability to leverage better contracts with product suppliers enabling them to sell products at a far lower cost as compared to small and medium enterprises. (Golhar & Banerjee, 2013) Even if the retailer were to lower its profit margin on individual products to 25% percent, it will still be unable to compete with a large retailer that can outlast a medium scale retailer if it ever came down to a price war between both establishments. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is that Sears is a well known national brand and, as such, would generate a considerable degree of consumer interest in its product offerings. Lastly, as a nationwide retailer it can leverage a far higher advertising budget thereby allowing it to overwhelm any local advertisements made by its competitors within its current market. Opportunities One of th
Introduction Human beings are not born with their character traits and life preferences as both these factors are formed in the process of socialization and education of every particular individual. In the light of the numerous theories of learning and cognitive process in human beings that include Social Learning Theory, Behavioral Theories, etc. it is rather important to understand the role that is played in the formation of a personality by toys of different kinds (Comley, Hamilton, Klaus, Scholes, and Sommers, 2009). This paper addresses these issues and considers them from three different perspectives. First, the possible social issues caused by the use of certain toys are examined. Second, the paper considers the possibility of developing any emotional issues associated with toys. Finally, other related issues are considered including physical and mental health aspects. Children’s Toys (logos, ethos, pathos) Background Thus, beginning the consideration of toy impacts upon the development of social, emotional, and other issues, it is necessary to realize the role of toys for children’s development and socialization. According to the opinion by Oravec (2000), toys and play have a crucial role in the development of a child as far as toys are “learning instruments, i. e. objects that stimulate children’s imaginations and help them develop socially and intellectually” (Oravec, 2000, p. 95). Modern society, apart from traditional wooden or plastic toys, offers a wide range of interactive and computerized, violent, and military-oriented toys, whose impact has long been of substantial interest for scholars. On the whole, the ideas by Evans (2009), Oravec (2000), Rowlands (2007), and Scouts (2009) on the topic of toys in the process of personality formation range from the ones stressing the ultimate danger of various, especially military-oriented, toys for the children’s development to the ideas that toys actually do not play any significant role in the individual development of a child. In any case, it is necessary to find out whether toys can cause social, emotional, and other issues to children, and if they can what toys exactly are the most dangerous in this respect and what consequences they can have. Social Issues Caused First of all, scholars like Oravec (2000) and Rowlands (2007) argue about the considerable social threat that toys, of various kinds, might have for children, especially at a younger age. For example, Oravec (2000) develops the topic of the harm that the so-called interactive toys might bring to the children’s socialization and relationships development processes (p. 95). The major point about the danger of interactive toys for the future social life of children is in the possibility of confusion that toys equipped with special devices that enable them to reproduce human speech and imitate the simplest actions might cause to children of a younger age (Oravec, 2000, p. 95). In other words, a child at the age of 3 to 5 years only forms his or her impressions and ideas about the surrounding reality, and the presence of an interactive toy display
Social norms are rules that govern the behavior of all the members of society and lay down the social laws. Those who do not observe these rules are termed as deviants and prune to punishment given by the same law. The form of punishment varies from one society to another. Normalcy in any culture is dependable on various factors, such as background, and location (Pope and Vasquez, 2011). Generally, norms bring conformity to the society and enable its people to socialize within the provisions of that culture. The cultural norms promote creation and distribution of roles within the different members of the society hence social order. These cultural norms have both the direct and the indirect impacts on the development of ethical standards and codes. This paper examines critically the roles of cultural norms in the development of ethical standards and codes in the society and their impact on the general societal wellbeing. Standard ethics and codes are applicable in all spheres of life. These codes ensure good practices and understanding among societal members by providing a structural framework for members to behave ethically. All the members of the society have to follow these rules. Codes of ethics have foundation on the morals and principles of society (Pope and Vasquez, 2011). The norms of each society, therefore, have both positive and negative impacts on the development of ethical standards and codes. Societal norms regulate the discipline of the members by constraining them and making behave in a certain way. A well-known societal organization, the American Psychological Association, was founded in the United States to analyze and regulate human behaviors by psychologists. Ethical standards and codes protect the rights and privileges of all the members of the society and influence the growth of these members (Reynolds, 2006). Societal norms impact the ethical response of an individual with respect to the society of origin. People respond to the equate ethics of the society, regardless how they feel about the matter at hand. An individual following his or her feelings may found oneself on the wrong side of what is taken to be right by the society (Pope and Vasquez, 2011). Therefore, the ethical development has a direct influence on people basing on the societal norms. Societal norms subscribe all the ethical standards to which citizens of a specific society should assume. Being ethical means acting the way one’s society expects. Every society follows ethical standards that are generally acceptable by all the members. The impact on an individual by the corresponding societal norms is, however, not always positive. An enti
Introduction: Taking a Deep Breath Since the beginning of the XX century, the air pollution issue has been raised and yet remains unsolved. In the course of the technology development, the concern for the clean air has arisen, yet no efficient measures have been developed yet. Air as It Is: The Incredible Mix Explaining the properties of air, the author shows that air is crucial for every living creature or plant on the Earth. Moreover, the author shows in details what air is made of, telling the exact proportions and naming the compounds and the formulas: “Some of the gases in the air are elements: nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ) and argon (Ar). But carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a compound (as is and water vapour, H 2 O)” (Air and Molecular Compounds). When Pollution Issue Comes Along According to Tatchell, the air is slowly changing because the level of oxygen in the air is dropping due to the air pollution. The latter, in its turn, is the result of carbon dioxide emissions – a specific “tribute” to the era of technological development. Another Crisis to Handle with Hence, Shukman explains, follows the air crisis. According to Shukman, the air quality standards have been violated for quite long time (Shukman para. 2), which gives reasons for serious concerns. Switch on That Air Conditioner Rosenthal offers to solve the problem of air cooling with the help of air conditioning (Rosenthal para. 2). However, the solution for the problem of the lack of fresh air is not that easy to solve as one could have thought it was. According to the author of “A Luxury the World Can’t Afford,” air conditioning has the most negative effect on the air, polluting it with poisonous emissions. Conclusion: It Is not the End. Yet Therefore, it is obvious that a lot has to be done to make the air as clean as it used to be and at the same time make sure that the undertaken measures do not affect the environment negatively. With a proper strategy, people will be able to make air clean again. Works Cited “ A Luxury the World Can’t Afford. ” New York Times , 2012. Web. “Air and Molecular Compounds.” BBC , n.d. Web. Rosenthal, Elizabeth. “ The Cost of Cool. ” New York Times , n.d. Web. Shukman, David. “ Effort Set to Track Air Pollution. ” BBC News . 2012. Web. Tatchell, Peter. “ The Oxygen Crisis. ” Guardian . 2012. Web.
Nuclear weaponry is such a sensitive issue that requires utmost participation of every country in an aim to debar nuclear cataclysm. When this is the course, it is relevant to consider the current policies that safeguard humanity against catastrophes associated with nuclear weapons. It should be within the objectives of the federal governments of the many countries that uphold the value of humanity and those who believe in the idea that nuclear weapons more or less delimit rather than enhance our security. Presently most countries or rather most people do not engage in this issue. Many countries especially the third world countries feel that this is not their responsibility and, therefore, they have left it in the hands of the federal governments of the superpowers including the United States. (ElBaradei 2) A monolithic and elaborate campaign is essential to mobilize countries and populations to rise against the development of nuclear weaponry and nuclear power at large. The campaign should put across all the fears and threats against humanity that the development of nuclear weaponry poses to mankind and to the environment at large. Such Campaign have been conducted and the most significant one being The Mayors for Peace Emergency Campaign to Ban Nuclear Weapons. This particular campaign sought to mobilize mayors around the world that they stand up and mobilize their populations to rise against nuclear weapons. The campaign was to call upon and pressure national leaders to stand up and participate in the negotiations which were to start on 2005 aiming to eliminate nuclear weapons. The campaign was initiated by mayors of Nagasaki and Hiroshima towns in Japan. The significance of this campaign cannot be over emphasized but the fact is that until today, the campaign remains poorly funded and the national leaders who are the core of the campaign have given it little or no attention at all. However, the campaign has been on the run driven by the hope that more mayors and national leader will give a hand in it before the realization of its goals in 2020. (Bunn, Chyba 165). The campaign is as well receiving support from few other initiatives including Abolition 2000 which also aims at eliminating nuclear weapons. (Bunn, Chyba 165) Turn the Tide is a second campaign in the US which was created by the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. (Krieger, Ending the Nuclear Weapons). The main aim of this campaign is to revise the US nuclear policies and it reaches the US citizens via the internet and advocates for citizens to talk with the elected representatives so that they can support the actions of the 13-point Campaign Statement. (Krieger, Ending the Nuclear Weapons 3). According to the goals of this Campaign statement, it is the collective responsibility of all the countries governments to stop all efforts which are directed towards the creation and development of dangerous nuclear weapons and power systems. It is also inherent that they should as well ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty which protects against any adverse effects that such testing involving nuclear material pose to our health and the statu
Management summary The XYZ pharmaceutical and medical supplies Ltd is a secondary provider in the healthcare environment involved in supplying drugs and other medical supplies to major hospitals and chemists. This marketing plan incorporates three major strategies to be used in marketing. One of the marketing strategies is advertising of medical supplies and pharmaceutical products. Once products are received from manufacturers, the marketing department will advertise them to make the new products known by customers. The marketing department will also be doing sales promotion to customers. This will be done by sales people working for the company. As part of marketing also, continuous medical education seminars will be conducted to ensure that physicians are updated on improvements in the medical and pharmaceutical products. Excellent results will be expected after implementing the marketing plan. It is expected that the company will establish itself as one of the leading companies in medical and pharmaceutical supplies globally during the first three years of operation. It is also expected that the company will attract many medical and pharmaceutical manufacturers so that it can supply their products. Economic projections Economic factors can adversely affect marketing and consumption of goods (Luan & Sudhir, 2010). This marketing plan is cognisant of the fact that some of the economic factors may not be controllable by the company. For example, high inflation will adversely affect the marketing of products. It is expected that high cases of unemployment might lead to lower customer purchasing power. The market- qualitative The success of any business is dependent on the number of customers to whom it sells its products and/or services. It has been shown that the number of customers, in most instances, is directly related to annual turnover by a business (Luan & Sudhir, 2010). XYZ pharmaceutical and medical supply Ltd targets to sell pharmaceutical and medical supplies to major public and private hospitals in America, Africa, Europe and Asia. Major chemists and pharmaceutical sellers are also targeted. The analysis of the targeted customers shows that they can help the company become a major player in supplying of medical and pharmaceutical products. The market- quantitative In the three continents that the company targets there are a total of 2500 health facilities and pharmaceutical shops that are potential customers. A good number of these customers, 1450, are healthcare facilities, privately or publicly owned. The company has targeted 1000 customers in America, 900 in Asia and 600 in Africa. It is projected that the potential customers will give the company an annual turnover of 100 million USD. Trend analysis Pharmaceutical products and medical supplies have been in constant increase in demand over the last decades
Introduction Association football, sometimes called soccer to differentiate it from other leg sports, is the world’s most popular sport. The sport is frequently referred to as football by much of the English speaking world and has come a long way to become the most important sporting activity in the world. According to available scientific evidence, the earliest form of soccer was played at around the second or third centuries BC in China (Dunning, 1999). The current rules and design of a football game were mainly developed in England. Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was formed in 1904 to oversee the organization of major international football events (Bridgewater, 2010). Today, football is played professionally by millions of people around the world. Millions of people often flock
Skopos theory was developed by Hans Vermeer and is an expression of the functionalist approach to translation adopted in the 1970s and 1980s. Within the framework of this theory, translation is seen as a way to convey to TT the original purpose of the ST (Alimardani & Vahid, 2021). The theory also implies that the translation should be recipient-oriented, and the methods should vary depending on the type of recipient. This paper aims to discuss the pragmatic value of the Skopos theory, its implied meaning and fundamentals, and how it guides translation practice. Interestingly, scholars widely discuss the benefits of the Skopos theory. Song and Lyu (2020) note that the theory was evolutional in way that it “uses functional and communicative methods to analyze the translation” (Song & Lyu, 2020, p. 40). Noteworthy, the founder of the theory of functional translation, Katharina Reiss, outlined its three main functions, depending on the types of text – informational, expressive, and operational (Song & Lyu, 2020). Within the framework of the theory, two or more functions can be applied simultaneously. The main advantage of the theory is that it focuses on the goals that the author of the text pursues regarding the reader. The translator can use the tools of transliteration, explanation, amplification, free translation, and omission to implement this function. Therefore, the translator has the freedom and flexibility to use a wide range of strategies in the translation. There is also a scientific opinion about the importance of the consistency principle in Skopos’s theory. Fang (2018) notes that the consistency principle is “more important than the principle of loyalty,” which is the principle of understanding (p. 280). Typically, the consistency principle is applied using methods of free translation or paraphrasing, “, especially for the translation of hints of great cultural significance”, and considering the culture of the target language (Fang, 2018, p. 280). This approach is more reasonable than the polarization between the principles of domestication and foreignization, as it allows for conveying semantic equivalence more directly. Scholars emphasize the danger of literal translation, even if it is justified by the goal of understanding. Mousa and Ismail (2020) note that without the cultural component, the text may completely lose its authenticity and semantic content. In particular, Mousa and Ismail (2020) give an example of the novel “Girls from Riyadh,” when cultural markers, dialectal and idiomatic expressions, were not regarded. The scholars emphasize that because of this omission, the novel was deprived of its purpose – to tell about the real life of Saudi girls and “turned into monotonous prose, devoid of the soul of Saudi life” (Mousa and Ismail, 2020, p. 137). It is also noted that the novel lost its “cultural value, ethical and traditional message” which could be valuable for the Western reader (Mousa and Ismail, 2020, p. 138). Skopos’s theory does not allow such liberties and requires considering the cultural context when translating fiction. Tourism translation is an