ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Aches or Chewa is a cultural tribe in Africa that has existed for more than one thousand years. The tribe’s cultural heritage is rich, as is its history. The people of the tribe speak the Chichewa language, which is one of the national languages of the African country Malawi. Currently, one and a half million people live in this tribe, occupying the territory of both Zambia and Malawi. However, the Chewa people do not consider themselves part of those countries. Rather, they belong to Bantu, even though they live in the central part of Malawi. Religion plays a vital role in the life of the Chewa and intertwines with all aspects of their lives. The Achewa believe in God and that He created all living beings. The tribe practices a religious dance called Gule Wamculu, which praises God through pagan dance in masks and stands at the core of their culture. This dance is an integral part of religious practices and brings with it certain requirements that both children and adults must meet to join the dance (Longwe, 2014). The tradition dates far back in history but today faces resistance from other established churches. Currently, the people belong to several religious groups: local traditional cults, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and even Judaism to a lesser extent (Friedenthal & Kavanaugh, 2014). Only approximate data is available: it is thought that around 75 percent of the population is Christian (divided into 55 percent Protestants and 20 percent Catholics); 20 percent are Muslim; 3 percent follow traditional African beliefs and pr
Nowadays nursing is an important profession that requires specialists both to have compassion for people suffering from health problems and be highly skilled and knowledgeable. Researchers note that during the 20 th century, crucial changes were brought to the sphere (Aligood, 2017). Nursing was recognized as a science, and instead of a traditional model of learning from more experienced nurses, a science-based approach to the training of the would-be specialists in this occupation was implemented (Aligood, 2017). Although working on the improvement of practical skills only with little attention paid to theory might be regarded as the right way to become a professional, theoretical concepts are crucial for the nursing practice. Knowing the theory is an indispensable prerequisite for a person to be successful as a nurse. According to Aligood (2017), “not only is theory essential for the existence of nursing as an academic discipline, it is also vital to the practice of professional nursing” (p. 7). Indeed, theoretical ideas in the sphere of nursing form a great base for practice because they give specialists useful recommendations and directions and stimulate critical thinking (Aligood, 2017). Being good at theory can help a nurse to make the right decision on how to communicate with patients in a particular situation or how to act in an emergency case. Sometimes, these abilities of a specialist might play a key role in a patient’s restoration to health and strength or even save lives. Hence, it is possible to note that the skills motivated by theory have a significant part in a nurse’s effectiveness, which, in its turn, is crucial to public health safeguarding (Smith & Liehr, 2018). For this reason, learning theoretical concepts is an integral part of nurses’ education that has a great influence on their practice. Throughout his or her career, a specialist in the field under analysis should also pay attention to theory in order to be able to address the needs of the changing world. In fact, medicine is constantly evolving, new technologies and methods of treatment are being implemented, and it is very important for a nurse to be informed about them (Aligood, 2017). For many situations, a general understanding of processes and ideas, not just an ability to conduct specific operations, is required (Ray, 2020). Such comprehension can only be achieved if a person has acquired high-level knowledge of the theoretical framework. Using a system of assumptions, ideas, and hypotheses provided by theory a specialist can speed up his o
There are two distinct periods in the history of ancient Greece, which also have a direct relation to the essence of artistic principles that were being utilized by artists during the course of these periods – Classical and Hellenistic. The Classical period, which lasted from the 6th to 4th century B.C., is being commonly referred to as the peak of Greek aesthetical thought. The artistic masterpieces that are being created during the course of this period promote the concept of existential harmony because, in them, the ideals of physical beauty are organically combined with the ideals of intellectual excellence. This is especially noticeable in Greek sculptures from this period. The surviving sculptures of Greek philosophers and Gods leave no doubt as to the fact that the ideal of human forms’ physical perfection served as the driving motif behind their creation. The Hellenistic period of Greek art can be characterized by artists’ “realistic” approach within the context of depicting human bodies. Late Hellenistic sculptures do not exploit the motif of physical harmony as their most distinctive feature. Many of these sculptures depict individuals that are being clearly marked with physical inadequacy – overdeveloped lower jaws, disproportionably large heads, and weak bodily physique. This is because this historical period is associated with the influx of Asiatic aesthesis into European mentality, which was made possible by Alexander’s Great geopolitical policies. In this paper, we will compare the bronze sculpture of Poseidon, created circa 460 B.C, and the bronze statue of Dionysus, which was created around 150 B.C. The sculpture of Poseidon depicts a harmonically developed nude male, which was originally holding a trident above his head. Poseidon’s facial expression suggests that he is not being affected by any existential weaknesses. He is fully focused on crushing his enemies; however, he also appears as retaining a completely unemotional posture. Anthropologically speaking, Poseidon clearly belongs to a White race – there is absolutely no evidence that he is being affected by racial mixing. We can say that the sculpture of Poseidon is the physical expression of ancient Greek life philosophy, which emphasizes the fact that physical, intellectual, and aesthetical finesses cannot exist independently of each other. It is clear that the sculpture’s author was using a real individual as a model during the course of producing his masterpiece. Therefore, Poseidon cannot be thought of as simply an idealized projection of the sculptor’s ideas of what the concept of physical perfection stands for. In fact, the analyzed sculpture is very realistic in its essence. It is hard for us to believe, but the fact is – during the Classical period of ancient Greek history, the majority of citizens in cities-polises were athletes, warriors, and philosophers at the same time. Therefore, even though that sculptures from this histo
The world of business is a complex of interesting things which concern the material, social, diplomatic and even societal things. In other words, it is a interconnection of different intentions which appear during the process of managing business affairs in order to succeed in the hierarchal principles or steps of the career ladder. The fact that self-oriented and self-estimated staff and every employee particularly of a definite enterprise is a recipe for success in case with every employer. Business scenario with Nik as a main character is a great description of the versatile contexture of relationships between a chief and dependants. This short story lacks odd things and expresses straightforward and clear to realize moments or steps which demonstrate gradual points in achieving the goals of the firm or, better to say, corporation. Corporation, because this concept provides people with bright understanding of the main structural peculiarity of every group of people working for a company, so that to apply various skills of every employee tending to reach the corporal success as well as personal one. The theme of constructive competition is significant here to maintain the strength and ability to stand against the challenges at a definite moment. The title to think about intends a reader to imagine and make emphasis on dreams which many of people strive to realize by all means. The introductory part designates the main motives of Nik as an employee. The organization symbolizes the employer who wants the employees to do their job in order to fasten the process of receipt of funds. Alex is a person embodying a trainer or strategic tutor for an emplo
Man is a social animal; there is absolutely no denying this. He/she has to depend upon other individuals to survive and in doing so he/she has to make sure that the rules and regulations of the society are followed in order to maintain decorum and avoid an unpleasant situation. In order to accomplish this goal, every individual should first know, what society exactly is? This requires a comprehensive understanding of the social systems which exist in the society. This paper will focus upon, what social systems are all about and why is it important to have a good understanding of the social systems. Human beings are interdependent on other people for their survival and if an individual is cut off from society, he/she will not be able to develop and prosper because there would not be any opportunities for that individual, the society provides numerous opportunities to individuals, not only does it provide with opportunities but also enhanced technology which all the people have access to. This is because of the society, the development which has taken place in the human beings is present in the society and the individuals learn from it, the past information is overwritten with the updated information as we progress in the society and isolating an individual from society will take away access to the updated technology and would leave that individual helpless. So any individual no matter how intelligent he/she is at no cost can afford to be isolated from society. Social System “A social system can be defined as any enduring arrangement in which relationships among the parts are relatively close and are ordered in ways that are somewhat unique to that particular system — thus different in key respects from relations that can be found in other social systems.” (Sociology as an Individual Pastime, 19 September 2008) The social system is a web of relations; the interdependence of the individuals should be understood under this topic. The most important point which should be focused upon is that there are many social systems that exist in society and each adheres to its own rules and regulations. For each social system, there are different rules and regulations which must be stuck to by the people working in those particular social systems. “Political systems are different from economic systems, for example. Each functions according to its own rules, and although these two types of systems overlap, legislatures and presidents obviously have closer ties to one another than to banks or stock exchanges. Similarly, the US political system is separate from that of Canada or Mexico. There are systems within systems, also. Colorado’s state government has more in common with the US Congress than with the European Parliament.” (Sociology as an Individual Pastime, 19 September 2008). There are certain key components that are required in the understanding of the social system better. There are four main components; each will be taken up separately for a better understanding of the topic. First is Statuses also known as status. When a person occupies a status in society, many expectations rise up for the same and the person who has occupied the sta
Introduction The central conflict in a story is normally the fight between the main character and other things that hinder him or her from achieving or accomplishing something that he or she wants (Garfinkel, 44). If there is no central conflict then a story does not exist since other characters and themes revolve around the central conflict to make a story. At times the central conflict in a story can be the burning issue in the story that needs to be addressed or resolved (Fog & Budtz, 66). How conflict is developed In the Story “The man to send rain clouds” by Silko, the central conflict is lack of rain or drought. The main character is an old man by the name Teofilo whose work is to look after the sheep and return them to the sheep camp where he looks after them over the night. The concept of drought or lack of water is introduced in the very beginning of the story when Teofilo is found dead under a dry cottonwood tree (Lesli1). This shows that the old man had taken rest under the cotton tree to protect his body from the scorching sun when he died. When Leon and his brother -in-law went looking for Teofilo, only to find him dead, Leon stood under a tree as he waited for Ken again giving more evidence that the sun was scorching (Lesli1). The presence of bare cottonwoods and wide sandy arroyo still tells that there was no rainfall for a long time. As the story continues, Leon looks at the sun and unzips his jacket a sign that it was hot. After painting the old man’s face, they both ask the dead man to send them rain clouds establishing further the conflict of drought. As the preparation of the burial is made, Ken points out that only the top layer of the soil was frozen and the gravediggers could complete digging the grave before dark. Again this tells how the weather is, with some parts covered by snow and no rain. When Louse tells Leon to look for a priest to sprinkle holy water for Grandpa, this is more of a religious activity but one can tell that Louse said this due to the dry spell experienced in the area. As the evening approaches, the weather changes to a chilly one and the Pueblo road was full of dust (Leslie 1). Here the author creates the central conflict of a drought because whenever there is drought it is very hot and windy during the day, cold and windy at night. Louse stands shivering and then zips his jacket which is a sign of a cold weather. The idea of drought also rises during the dialogue between Leon and father Paul when Leon tells the father that they want the old man to have plenty of water. Although this is more of a ritual, the author has used it to bring out the idea of drought. The dry tumbleweeds that grew in the graveyard were dry which a sign of a dry spell. As the priest pours holy water on the old man’s body and the grave, the water disappeared before it touched the dim, cold sand. He continued to sprinkle more water until when the container was empty. According to the story, the water dried immediately like it happens when there are showers of rain and sun at the same t
In today’s society, divorce has become the norm. A comprehensive study conducted by the American Bureau of Labor Statistics last year shows that, about 43% of all marriages that occurred between ages 15 and 46 ended in divorce (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013). Similar studies that have been conducted by other organizations and individuals also estimate the divorce rates in America to be between 30% and 40%. Therefore, the overall divorce rate in America is above 30%. Divorce has several causes that fall into three main categories viz. affective issues, abusive behavior, and external pressure. Affective issues take the form of communication problems and infidelity among others. Abusive behavior, on the other hand, includes physical violence, drug abuse, and verbal violence. Finally, external pressure consists of financial problems, work issues, health issues, and family pressure (Nevid & Rathus, 2013). Marriage begins to fail when communication dies. At that point, couples tend to stay apart and in so doing, they allow thoughts of divorce to overwhelm them. Infidelity for its part, shatters all the three components of love at once causing the sentimental attachment and trust that existed between partners to wane suddenly (Acker & Davis, 1992). In the long run, divorce becomes an attractive option for both partners (Nevid & Rathus, 2013). Moreover, when one partner suddenly becomes violent towards the other, the love bond between them weakens. Consequently, the future of their marriage becomes shaky. Once the commitment aspect is affected, love begins to grow cold, thus, paving the way for a divorce (Acker & Davis, 1992). External pressures for their part, cause divorce by attacking the foundation of marriages. Most marriages lack a solid foundation. As a result, they cannot stand the turbulence that is caused by external factors such as financial strains, work-related pressures, and interference from in-laws and other family members (Nevid & Rathus, 2013). These external pressures, lower marital satisfaction and create tension between partners. Consequently, they adversely affect intimacy and passion thereby causing divorce.
There are various perspectives on curriculum with different views on the educational landscape. These perspectives look at various issues including how learning is facilitated; how the worthwhile objectives of education are expressed; and how the important content should be organized for instruction, among others. The curriculum artefact that this paper will look at is the traditional perspective (Hirsch, 1988). Background The question addressed by the traditional perspective is “what are the most important aspects of our cultural heritage that should be preserved” (Hirsch, 1988)? Traditional education has its roots in the late nineteenth century when the United States faced the problem of universal schooling due to the rapidly changing urban society. Many philosophers in the late nineteenth century believed that education was supposed to emphasize the transmission of the Western civilization’s cultural heritage. The philosophers believed that education was a process that involved the “elevation of individuals into the species, and curriculum should focus on availing the accumulated wisdom
According to (Schroeder, 2002), ethical issues related to hiring practices are the acceptable procedures that give everyone an equal opportunity to be employed based on their qualifications but not their racial or place of birth background among others. In the Company that Julie works for, these ethical issues of hiring are not considered and the owner discriminates against employees based on their race and country of birth. In this case, Bandu who has been without a job applies for one since more assembly line employees are needed but his application is rejected just because he is Indian. Proposed hiring practices for the manufacturing company Following ethical issues in the practice of hiring employees, it would be appropriate for the owner of the manufacturing company where Julie works, to start considering people from different races for jobs and have diversity in implementing the exercise. This can be achieved through considering the skills of the applicants as well as competence before hiring regardless of their nationality. Promotions should also be given based on qualifications and nobody should be fired because of his/her nationality or race. The employees as well as those applying for jobs in the company should be enlightened on how to deal with discrimination in the workplace. (Schroeder, 2002). Proposed Legal and Ethical Issues In Discrimination and Affirmative Action Policies According to affirmative action doctrine, the employer should advocate for procedures as well as policies especially those that are concerned with employment, promotion, and recruitment of individuals who are qualified from groups that suffer exclusion from equal employment opportunities. Such an action should be put forth in the company, with plans enabling deliberate as well as constructive steps to a representative environment with a workforce that is balanced. Affirmative action tool is important in making sure that employment opportunities are accessible to all individuals who are qualified. The employer of this manufacturing company that Julie works for as well as others in the administration should be accountable on an individual level for implementation of the programs of the affirmative action that will be approved. There should also be adherence to standards for non-discrimination in their areas of work. Policy violation should be judged following a certain procedure where there should be an evaluation on whether the decision of who to employ has their base on employees’ race. (George, 1987). Conducts that should be prohibited by affirmative action include the usage of racial slurs, ethnic jokes creating abusive as well as hostile environments in work. Typical
In these two images illustrating a vivid and memorable Biblical tale, the artists have used lighting, costume, stance and pose, setting, color, size of image, and choice of model to convey two rather different views of the story. The D’Arpino is very nearly pornographic when viewed with a full knowledge of the narrative on which it is based (d’Arpino). The figure in Sherman’s Untitled is modestly attired, but her presentation of self is subtly suggestive (Sherman). While both figures have accomplished the deed, the artist’s choices focus our attention on two different points in the story, and thus present the subject disparately. D’Arpino’s Judith is clearly a victim, albeit victorious. Sherman’s unnamed female, while in a pose that clearly evokes Judith, is serene and moving on to the next step in her quest for the liberation of Israel, but her power is contradicted by the pose of her head and the extremity of her makeup. D’Arpino has elected to portray Judith just after she hacks off Holofernes’ head. He is portrayed as a bodiless old man, graying and balding. This implies ancient leering lechery and perhaps even sexual ineffectualness. However, whether he is a candidate for Viagra or not, he has managed to rumple her a good deal in their encounter before he passed out. Her garments are nearly pulled off her on one side. Her hair’s elaborate and decorative ‘do’ has been disarranged and tendrils hang down. All her finery and clothes are still pulled askew from Holofernes’ unwelcome attentions. She looks away from his head, not, clearly, out of disgust or squeamishness, because she is still sturdily holding the bloodied sword that ended his life. She does not hold the sword as a man and soldier would, but she clearly was able to make it work. She grasps Holofernes’ hair firmly, as well, the way one would hold a chicken after wringing its neck. The viewer is naturally led to wonder what she is, indeed, scrutinizing off to stage left. Perhaps she is looking for the door of the tent, or perhaps she is turning around to hand it to her maid, a likely role for the turbaned woman casting her eyes up behind her in shock, thanksgiving, horror, admiration, or possibly all of these. The biblical story says that she tore the canopy of his bed down and tumbled his body onto the ground (The Holy Bible Judith 13:9). Perhaps her pose means that she is looking over at his dead body, and planning to steal the bed canopy to show to the Israelites (The Holy Bible Judith 13:15). Whatever her motivation, this pose gives D’Arpino a chance to show her rounded youthful neck, shoulders, and décolletage to full advantage. He highlights her hair, twisted with a ribbon and pearls, and her ear with its earring. The pose allows him to show how violently Holofernes pulled and ripped at her sleeve, which is down nearly to her elbow. This all makes her seem more of a victim, and giv