ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What advice would you give to local business owners to prepare for epidemics? During epidemics of influenza, businesses often suffer as they lose revenues. Business owners have to address staffing issues as many employees especially those who are in close contact with customers can easily get infected (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015). To address the issue, owners should try to be prepared for the seasonal epidemic. First, they should address a local healthcare facility that can provide the most recent and relevant information on the matter. It is necessary to ask about the possible health risks, factors affecting the spread of the illness, available vaccines, as well as possible negative side effects associated with the use of this kind of medication (May, McCauley, Jeruzal, & Strong, 2015). Nursing professionals are likely to become the hospital’s representatives that will provide the data mentioned above. Business owners can address hospitals, local nursing organizations, public health nurses, and the like. The second possible solution can be vaccination. Employees’ permission is essential. At that, the owner can ask a nurse from a local hospital to consult employees about the available vaccines. Rebmann, Elliott, Artman, VanNatta, and Wakefield (2015) note that nursing practitioners are mainly in favor of vaccination, so it is likely that the visiting nurse will try to encourage employees to be vaccinated. Finally, it is crucial to instruct employees regarding the most effective prevention measures with the focus on their hygiene. Apart from a possible investment associated with the assistance of a nurse, the owner will have to pay for vaccines, as well as masks, and other items necessary to remain unaffected by the infection. The instructions mentioned above can also be used for the development of the business as owners can increase the number of goods or introduce products associated with the illness (certain fruit, tissues, scarfs, and so on). Recommendations to hospital administration to keep their services available for the community Nursing professionals are often prone to infections as they are in the closest contact with patients and their families. During epidemics of influenza, the burden on local healthcare facilities can increase significantly. In the given scenario, a quarter of the population needs healthcare services while 40% of the nursing staff is unavailable. One of the possible solutions is the use of telemedicine or, at least, some elements of this technological approach (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015). Telenurses can assist many patients via telephone and the Internet. Patients can receive information regarding their symptoms, their treatment, necessary tests or results, and so on. As to the resources, technological issues will be minimal as hospitals have the necessary resources. The major iss
The significance of modern technology in the realm of the 21 st century can hardly be overrated. The incorporation of technology into the key operations that used to be carried out manually allowed for a range of improvements in not only people’s personal lives but also the operational processes within a number of organizations. Because of the enhancement of the communication process, which the modern technologies allow for, the process of data transfer may occur at a significantly increased pace, which is essential for the specialist working in the realm of healthcare. Apart from improved and enhanced communication, modern technologies predetermine a series of improvements in the quality and speed of the corresponding services delivery, which the emergence of the phenomenon known as telemedicine is a graphic proof for. The benefits, which telemedicine provides for both patients and staff are rather impressive. First and foremost, the approach in question will lead to major improvements in the process of communication between the staff members and both inpatients and outpatients; as a result, healthcare awareness rates will be increased significantly among the target audience. Specifically, the processes of the hand-off communication with the target population will be enhanced with the incorporation of the key information technology approaches and the corresponding devices into the framework of hospitals’ operations. In addition, the patients will benefit from an improved time management approach, which will allow healthcare specialists to define the facility, which the customer should be directed to. As a result, the transfer from one facility to another will be eliminated, and more options for an efficient time management strategy for addressing the patient’s health issue will be created. Apart from patients, physicians will have an opportunity to rearrange their work in an adequate manner and, therefore, provide the required services in a more careful manner. Seeing that the concept of telemedicine invites the opportunity for teleconferences with patients via the corresponding devices, telemedicine will enable physicians to provide teleconsults. In addition, the provision of telemedicine principles will create premises for physicians to enhance healthcare awareness among outpatients. It should be noted, though, that the latter prospect should be taken with a grain of salt, as teleconferences may slacken the process of a physician’s work considerably due to excessive details that patients may provide. However, although the point mentioned above could be viewed as rather dubious, the idea of physicians extending their clinical reach in order to enhance awareness among the target audience and, therefore, prevent a range of health issues among the designated population, is obviously a benefit of the telemedicine approach. The financial issue, which telemedicine will also help address, deserves to be listed am
Introduction The outstanding achievements in architecture were the results of the work of pioneers who made significant contributions to the science of architecture. However, it was the patronage of the new-states and the investments by wealthy merchants facilitated the works of different architects as the science evolved through modernism, deconstructivism, and postmodernism (Roth & Clark 2013). Because of the pioneers’ contributions to the science, the changes that have been introduced in the field have made significant revolutions to occur that depend on the country where the science in applied and the context of application (Ching 2010). Pioneers of Architecture Researchers including Heynen (2000) agree that architecture as it is known today is a science that has evolved through many phases depending on the work of pioneer architects who skillfully introduced the new principles on which new architectural pieces of work were developed. Here, contributions are classified into postmodernism and deconstructivism, depending on the time when they were made. According to Carpo (2013), postmodernism was an architectural style that was introduced as an international style in the 1950s, which later matured into a movement in 1970 (Dogan & Nersessian 2012) Postmodernism Modern architecture has significantly benefited from the contributions of pioneers such as Michael Graves and David Linked in their outstanding pieces of work. Carpo (2013) maintains that the architects figured out how to design structures that provided expression that referenced previous architectural styles by making strong suggestions on how to use ornament and wit to improve their work. According to Smith (2006), the work was clear evidence of the departure from the traditional styles into the new styles that were defined by uniquely blended aesthetic styles and views. The functional forms and spaces of modernism replaced traditional by using the contributions of outstanding architects such as Robert Venturi, Philip Johnston, Michael Graves, and David Linked (Smith 2006). The distinguishing characteristics of the architectural works were in the pursuit of humor and surprise, environmental issues, and the recovery of historical forms. The forms were summarised in the statement that said that “the use of historical elements is very free and eclectic and concern for the environment has to respect the forms and materials typical of the place” (Abrahamsson, Babar & Kruchten 2010, p.23). Here, the first outstanding architects of postmodernism include Philip Johnson, Michael Graves, and Aldo Rossi among others. Some of the great examples of the works of postmodernism include the Oregon building, which was the work of Michael Graves (1980-1982), the Piazza d’Italia, which was the work of Charles Moore, and the AT T Building in New York (1978-1984), which was the work of Philip Johnson and John Burgee. The postmodernists did not embrace the strict rules that were set by modernists, but utilized the postmo
Introduction After attaining my university degree, I am contemplating to jumpstart my career in the educational field by working as a high school counselor or as an autistic children’s teacher at the elementary level. My passion for serving as a high school counselor was ignited by a high school counselor known as Mr. Selby, who I acknowledge as my academic mentor. He always urged me to aim for the highest in whatever I decided to engage in. According to him, anything falling short of the best was not worth settling for. I regard him as my hero and he is a wonderful and incredible person to be around. Striving for the best is one particular element of life that I believe is worth learning and practicing at the high school level. High school students are often disillusioned and I consider it very crucial to provide them with guidance in matters that are related to their progress and development either academically or personally (Kirwan, 1984). My Career My other optional career involves being an elementary school autistic children’s teacher. My passion for teaching autistic children is evoked from a personal experience where my niece named Jessica is autistic and I love her very much. She has challenged and stimulated my thoughts especially through her courage in facing life. She has shown me that anything in the world is achievable with the right mentality and hard work. Jessica is very courageous and is afraid of nothing some of which elicit fear among other children her age. She also a very social and lively child and loves talking to people which makes me realize the big heart I have for autistic children. Being around Jessica enables me to realize the potential autistic children have which should be molded in a way that will benefit them in the long run. Further to this, I can understand the needs of these children and give my best to meet them. I love children, but for autistic children, I have a soft spot for them. My high school counselor, Mr. Selby was quite a mature man in his mid 50’s which made his advice worthwhile. Not only was he mature age-wise but also in his character as a teacher, parent, and colleague. As a teacher, Mr. Selby had taught many students and was therefore able to deal with many issues in their extremes that faced the students. He preferred dealing with a single student as opposed to students in groups and was fond of listening attentively as well as writing the student’s issues down. His ability to understand and relate which are critical in counseling made me like this profession where I could assist students in achieving and fulfilling their dreams (Corey, 2005). For Jessica, her joy in life irrespective of her health condition drove me towards considering a teaching career for other autistic children. Although they faced a deadly health condition, they could be able to live normal lives through pursuing and achieving their dreams. Her positive attitude towards lif
For both Italian art and architecture appreciators and just those who enjoy reading fascinating stories Brunelleschi’s Dome by a modern writer, Ross King is a must-read. The book was first published in 1998 and immediately attracted a lot of attention and received much appraisal. Brunelleschi’s Dome is the story of the construction of the dome of the world-renowned cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence by a famous Italian architect Filippo Brunelleschi who had an invaluable genius that was initially underrated by his contemporaries but eventually becomes the creator of one of the most prominent and impressive Renaissance cathedrals. Set in the 15th century the book commences with the history of the cathedral. It is said that the building of the cathedral began long ago in the 13th century. Still, under construction, the cathedral needs new ideas to finish the work. The contest is announced among architects and anyone knowledgeable at a design to participate in the construction of the dome: “Whoever desires to make any model or design for the vaulting of the main Dome…shall do so before the end of the month of September” (King 21). Filippo Brunelleschi was a goldsmith and also worked as clockmaker. He becomes very interested in the opportunity to contribute to the building of a architectural masterpiece. And this is when his intentions become an obsession for him. The point is that he is not the only one who desires to take part in the contest. Lorenzo Ghiberti, a young goldsmith and a prospective profound architect, also enters the competition and becomes Filippo’s rival. Two architects had to provide their ideas on how to stand an egg on a flat marble piece. A very talented mathematician, a skillful architect, and a very witty person, “Filippo simply cracks the egg on the bottom and then stands it upright when all of the other contestants fail the test” (King 31). Filippo is allowed to design a project for the dome and take all the responsibility for its construction. I must admit this is one of my favorite episodes in the book as it fully reveals the sharp wit and genius of Filippo. On the other hand, the story of the famous architect abounds in grasping details of Brunelleschi’s career and his aspiration to create a masterpiece that it is difficult to single out one chapter that I particularly like. Winning a competition, Brunelleschi sets out to work. He intends to build a dome that excels all the existing domes in width and height with no external piers to prevent its destruction. Filippo Brunelleschi was so absorbed in the project and used so innovative techniques that he was called a madman at first. The author describes the political intrigues of Filippo’s rivals and envious people and the obstacles that they set before Brunel
Introduction In a time of great pressure, men have taken refuge in blame. It is possible that something comes out of this action. But it is definite that the product of the blame game is frustration. Perhaps a different approach might produce better results. From the financial crisis to gay rights; president Obama’s birth certificate to campaign finance; separation of church and state to Miranda rights, controversy is all over. Where does our constitution come in? Given that so much remains unsettled, should the constitution be implemented as it is or should the courts go back to history and search for the original meaning? In this short presentation, I will argue the position that the courts should apply the constitution as it is and not go back to the original meaning. The following are the reasons in support of this position. Main text Going back to history to search for the original meaning of the constitution will mean that the progress that society has made will be undone when the old applications of the constitution are unearthed by the courts (Wolfe 78).One undeniable point is that the society as we see it today is not the same as what our great grandfathers experienced. It is not even what our fathers went through. Human beings are dynamic and the world has changed a great deal. It is so appropriate that this dynamism has been recognized and the new changes have been accommodated by assigning new meanings to old codes so as to serve the new reality. Is it possible that what a cross meant to a man one hundred years ago means that same today? This is hardly possible. During the time of Saint Paul, a cross signified the followership of Christ only or anything pertaining to religion. But today rap and hip hop musicians have crosses dangling from their necks for different reasons. This is an example of how much times have changed. Leaving the above aside, a government is only legitimate if it is of the people, by the people and for the people. It is therefore required that the people make a decision on the kind of laws they want to have. Who then has the power to search for the original meaning of the constitution? Maybe it is the courts. But what if the people are satisfied with the meaning of the constitution as it is at the moment? This simply means that the people have decided on the form of government that is supposed to exist and the nature of laws that will govern them. It is therefore not in the interest of the people that the courts search for the original meaning of the constitution and apply it in deciding the cases involving the people. This is especially not acceptable if the people are satisfied with current interpretation. The sovereignty of the people is the bulwark of democracy and therefore must be upheld at all times. Also, it should be forgotten that words and sentences are mere symbols. The meanings that people attach to them make
Introduction The paper provides an analysis of cyber crime and its impacts on the criminal justice system. Cyber-crime deals with criminal activities that manipulate computers and networks to cause harm to people, companies, and countries. Judges, prosecutors, and police undergo problems when dealing with these crimes. Reports show that the crime is on the rise because more people have access to computers and the internet than ever before. Within the duration of four years, people who have access to the internet grew by 40 million. In the year 2013, the number of crimes investigated was more than 63,000 (Bronner, 2014). Analysis of the article Cybercriminals are more interested in accessing intelligence information than stealing the actual property. Most of the hacks are inside jobs executed by companies’ employees paid by rival companies to access important data. Hackers have now turned their attention to banks to get account information rather than stealing the money. The banking industry warned that the trend would continue over the next few years, therefore new laws are required to curb the crime. It is important to understand that cybercriminals target unsecured websites and networks that are easy to hack. Only specific people are involved in the crime because the crime requires technical knowledge. The computer is the tool used for committing the crime, and it can take place at any place. China has faced the largest number of attacks than any other country, with more than 200 government websites being hacked (Bronner, 2014). Inventing the software to protect computer systems from hackers is the main challenge facing many countries. Analysis of the impact of cyber crime on the worldwide justice system Cyber-crime has created a major concern for governments across the world because of the increase in the number of internet users. This global challenge on the crime started after the invention of the internet. The internet enables criminals to commit crime because it connects computers all over the world. A criminal in one country can access a computer system in another country without being detected because the global computer network accelerates the crime. According to the United Nations on International cyber crimes, there is a lack of clear laws that define the role of the judiciary on issues affecting the crimes (Kshetri, 2010). When conducting investigations, challenges encountered include the diversity of computer hardware and software complexities. Some countries lack enough resources to implement cyber-crime laws. The situation becomes difficult because countries do not want to harmonize their laws since it leads to dual criminality. More to this, working together as countries may lead to leakage of sensitive information such as financial data. The United Nation acknowledged that the lack of cyber laws is one of the challenges facing the world in this century. (Kshetri, 2010). Most countries are lagging behind in updating their technologies due to a lack of qualified personnel. The consequence of out-dated technology is that new technology has outmoded current laws, therefore restricting p
Introduction In the United States, each state has its specially established laws regarding immigration on top of the governing federal laws. Consequently, some states have tougher immigration rules than others, depending on several factors. Some of these factors include demographics, geography, religion, history, and lawmakers. The state immigration policies shape the lives of immigrants in terms of education and socioeconomic status, among others. While Alabama and California have a relatively high immigrant populations, Alabama has tougher immigration policies than California. Immigration Laws In Alabama, the immigration policy regarding access to education is more unfavorable to undocumented immigrants compared to that of California. According to “Alabama state immigration laws” (2019), a new immigration policy requires schools to run checks on the immigration status of students to track and collect data. This controversial policy restricts immigrants from accessing public and state-owned schools (“Alabama state immigration laws,” 2019). Furthermore, despite the court having halted this law, Alabama education institutions are still causing havoc for immigrant students by making it impossible to access equal education as other students. California, on the contrary, ignores federal laws to run policies that favor immigrants’ access to education. The state prohibits running checks for immigration status during the administration of students in schools. Indeed, California passed the Dream Act, which allows immigrants to pay equal tuition fee rates as other Native Americans (“California laws protecting immigrants’ civil rights,” 2019). The policy allows immigrant students to pay in-state tuition fee rates as those of public universities (Migliarini & Stinson, 2021). The in-state immigrants can also apply and enjoy tuition fee-related financial benefits given to all students. For undocumented students, alternative ways of identification are allowed during the sitting of graduate exams. Theories of Power Alabama’s strict education policy against immigration could be explained by the state autonomy theory. In-state autonomy theory, a state politically operates towards retaining its territorial integrity against the indigenous or ethnic demands for independence (Svarstad, 2018). Alabama’s political powers retain their territorial power by denying the immigrants the chance to grow in terms of education. By limiting their level of educational access, the state ensures that the minority will forever remain dependent on the majority. Pluralism, on the other hand, explains the large acceptance of immigrants in California educational institutions. Pluralism is the recognition and acceptance of diversity in a political body (Svarstad, 2018). This power theory permits the coexistence of various lifestyles, convictions, and interests. California’s political system supports diversification by allowing immigrant students to access equal education as the Natives so long as it achieves a stable and democratic political power. The state promotes power across various elite groups, including minorities. Other Factors Explaining the Differences Demographic