ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The King of Masks is a 1996 film set in a rural Chinese village. It details an unadorned life of an elderly man named Wang who is a street performer. His only companion was a pet monkey, and he badly needed a male heir to bequeath his Sichuan opera techniques. Buddhism is deeply entrenched in the Chinese society as represented in the movie. Members of the society esteem boys over girls. This explains Wang’s preference for a boy as a benefactor to his vast skills in performing arts. Thus he adopted Gou, a small boy, who rejuvenated his zeal in life. His zest was, however, short-lived as he discovered that Gou was not a boy but an impersonator. The exasperation he suffered after his wife had abandoned him was exacerbated. As a result, he developed strong indifference towards the girl, forcing Gou to flee. When she came back later, she delighted Wang shortly by bringing along a boy child. It, however, landed the elderly man in trouble because the child’s wealthy parents pressed charges leading to his death sentence. The King of Masks is a mythical film that dexterously recapitulates itself into the modern world by enacting and recreating the subjugation of women in a patriarchal world. This essay will analyze the various themes presented in the film. The theme of women’s subjugation is recurrent in the movie. The filmmakers intricately reveal how men sidelined women to the periphery of social and economic life. It goes further to suggest how the society and women in particular can harness the Miao-shan myth, an integral part of Buddhism, to empower themselves socially. Unlike other religions, Buddhism provides for women participation in the religious life of the society, subtly and expressly. The filmmakers, therefore, challenge women to take advantage of the Miao-shan myth to empower themselves culturally and economically. This is the aim the filmmakers intended to reach through the film, allowing Wang to bequeath his skills to a woman. Traditionally, Chinese culture did not allow women to learn the face-changing techniques that performers used in opera. By training a woman exclusive male art, Wang tacitly passed across the need for relooking Confucianism and appreciating its role in women’s social empowerment. The theme of religion is also evident in the film. Buddhism is widely practiced in Chinese society. Filiality is the bedrock of the religion, and the society esteems those who sacrifice for the others. Religion scholars aver that the reason Miao-shan is dominant in Buddhist myth is her selflessness, especially in the way she offered her life for her
Creativity and innovation in the transport sector has seen this industry propel to higher levels of effectiveness, in terms of speed, time, and mass transportation of both goods and persons. The creativity and innovative thinking is not a new idea but it has been there since time immemorial, and has improved our lives as the years go by. This paper seeks to explain how the innovative thinking and the creativity process can be applied in real life situations advancing the transport sector. Thesis Statement   * How can innovative thinking and the creative process be used in real life situations to bring advancements for transportation in the United States? Relevant Facts The creative process involves a cycle through four different realms of knowledge accumulation that is the preparation, incubation, illumination and the implementation stages. The preparation stage is the work phase where the innovator comes with the idea, identifies a problem and tries to see how he can solve that problem. The illumination juncture is where the normal reasoning is suppressed to allow the mergence with the unknown. After the validation the innovative product is then implemented to benefit the society. Innovative thinking on the other hand is about exploring ideas, generating possibilities, and looking for many right answers instead of one answer. Innovation and creativity has been responsible for most of the advancements in the transportation sector, and to understand how it can be used in the present real problems situations we have to understand how it was used in the earlier years in this sector. Innovation in the earlier years involved the acquisition of knowledge just as it does in this present time. Knowledge can generally be acquired through experience, acquisition, and by experimentation (Bessant, & Tidd, 2007, p. 185). Learning from experience is the least effective method since it does not automatically translate into knowledge, and organizations and people can incorrectly learn when using experience as a medium. Knowledge through experimentation on the other hand is more systematic and a central feature of research and development activities, and market research among others. Knowledge through acquisition on the other hand involves scanning internal and external environments to evaluate and filter potential opportunities from outside and inside an organization. Innovative knowledge is of two types that is explicit and implicit, in which case the latter can be codified and expressed in numerical, graphical or textual forms for easy communication. Tactic or implicit knowledge, on the other hand is more of personal, context-specific, experimental
The Frame Builders in Each Example and the Constructed Frame The first frame builder was the news media. Notably, the media tried to frame the NUS demonstration event in many ways, which included the human interest frame, conflict frame, and attribution of responsibility (An & Gower 2009). First, the media portrayed the human interest frame by creating an emotional angle to the problem that the students were facing. Notably, the media echoed the impact of the government’s behavior on increasing students’ tuition fees, citing that it would limit the students’ ability to pay the debts amidst the prevailing economic problems. Airing the news created an emotional impact on the audience that would listen to the students’ plight, making the audience sympathize with the story. Thus, the audience would be inclined to think negatively about the government’s behavior on the same. The second frame was the conflict frame. The media applied this framework to show that the government and students were not in agreement; the two parties conflicted. One way that the media did this was by stating that the government had increased student fees. In response, the student body had called for a demonstration. The last frame that the media applied was the attribution frame. The framework was used to show that both the government and the student body were to blame for the situation that had ensued. First, the government was blamed for poor diligence in matters of apportioning students’ school fees, despite the hard economic times that caused an uproar. Secondly, the students were blamed for their misbehaving during the demonstrations, which were termed as chaotic and violent. Notably, both the pro and anti-NUS factions were not able to cooperate towards the cause, leading to an unsuccessful event. The second frame builder is the NUS student body. The NUS student body applies the economic frame to gain emotional support for its cause. Notably, the students argue that an increase in tuition fees affects the less advantaged students (‘NUS survey reveals parents’ fears’ 2012). The student body further says that an increase in these costs means that the students will be plunged into more debts, with no possible payment alternative due to the current unemployment situation. The Intention behind Each Constructed Frame The three frames, as applied by the media, fulfilled different intentions. First, the human interest frame was meant to create a sense of responsibility in the government so that the government could take the blame for the crisis. Secondly, the conflict frame was applied to show disagreement between the two parties involved in the students’ fees issue, while the attribution framework was meant to distribute the responsibility of blame to the ind
Introduction The history of medicine bears a close resemblance to the history of humanity. Since time immemorial, people needed the help of medical practitioners to provide solutions for sickness and injuries. The progress of human civilization came with technological innovation. Man made various tools to ease the process of meeting his daily needs. The medical profession at the time also made use of the available technologies to make the process of treating patients easier. The twentieth century is comparable to none in the area of innovation. The technological developments of the last century have changed human life in unimaginable ways. This paper looks at the historical uptake of technology in the practice of medicine in order to determine whether the current practices favor technological uptake. The most influential model in the study of technological uptake is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposed by Davis (1989). This model relied on two basic indicators to detect ease of adopting a technology. The indicators included the Perceived Ease is Use (PEU), and the Perceived Usefulness (PU) of the technology (Davis, 1989). The variable in the model was Behavioral Intention (BI), which sought to account for the deliberate desire to adopt a certain technology. Several models based on the broad framework of TAM came up. They included Information Technology Acceptance Model (ITAM) proposed by Dixon (1999). This model mapped the uptake of technology to IT (Dixon, 1999). The other model worth considering was the Task-Technology-Fit model (TTF) that took into account the user characteristics, and demands of the task at hand in determining the ease of uptake of technologies (Goodhue, Klein, & March, 2000). These models are a representation of the models used in the technology circles to predict the acceptance of technological solutions by medical professionals. The basic drive for the adoption of technology in the practice of medicine is the demand for services offered by the specific technology (Brazier, 1973). This demand usually comes from researchers in the medical field trying to find new ways of solving old problems. They also come from the realization that an existing technology can solve a preexisting problem (Brazier, 1973). Innovation, rather than invention drives the uptake of technology in the medical industry (Zanaboni & Wootton, 2012). In many instances, solutions for medical concerns come from the realization that there are existing technologies that can solve existing problems. A surgeon’s scalpel is an innovation derived from an ancient warrior’s knife. Use of anesthetics in surgery came from the observation that alcohol had the capacity to dumb the senses. In the history of technological invention, medicine always followed the lead of engineering in the development of technological tools (Zanaboni & Wootton, 2012). Up until recently, there were very few specialized engineers dedicated to the design of medical equipment for use by medical professionals (Goodhue, Klein, & March, 2000). The rea
Variables are measurable attributes that assume different values among the subjects under consideration. The variables used in this study fell in the broad category of dependent variable and independent variable. The variables that have been considered independent are those that the researcher doctored in order to determine its effect on another variable. The variables that were considered to be dependent are those that the researcher measured, predicted or monitored and were generally expected to be affected by the researcher’s manipulation of the independent variable (Lind et al., 2008). Some variables were qualitative in nature (non-numeric, that is, they are attributes) while others were quantitative (numeric) and were either discrete or continuous. The study had seven variables namely:  1. Outsourcing  2. Off-shoring  3. Operating cost  4. Customer satisfaction  5. Customer loyalty  6. Market share  7. Profitability An operational description of each of these variables is as described below.   * Outsourcing : This is whereby the employees within an organization could comfortably perform a given job but in its place the management decides to contract a third party to perform the job on its behalf either off-site or on-site. This helps the organization to cut down on operating costs while at the same time achieving optimal customer service. Outsourcing was identified on a nominal scale by asking the respondents “Do you outsource any of your operations from another provider?” The responses were given labels as follows; 0 = No and 1 = Yes.   * Off-shoring : This is another form of outsourcing whereby the organization relocates its business processes to another country. This could involve moving service centres, product manufacturing or other operations to a foreign country. This enables the company to take full advantage of the lower operating costs in the overseas countries. In some cases the company could decide to move some parts of its operations to countries with enabling economic conditions.Off-shoring was identified on a nominal scale by asking the respondents “Do you shift any of your operations to a foreign country?” The responses were coded and given labels as follows; 0 = No and 1 = Yes.   * Operating costs : These are the expenses incurred by a business venture on a daily basis during its operations such as administration, sales and marketing expenses. It does not include depreciation expenses, interest expense or income taxes. The data sources used were obtained from the income statements of the different companies.Operating costs were identified on an interval scale by the determination of the total operating cost of the specific company. The level of measurement of the data obtained was interval. No company can have zero operating cost.   * Customer satisfaction: This is the degree to which the client is content with the service provision of the company. A contented body of clientele will usually make a repeat purchase of the products of the company thus increasing the market share and profitab
Renee Baillargeon Background Renee Baillargeon is a developmental psychologist whose works regarding infant cognition are highly appreciated by the scientific community. Renee was born in 1954 in Québec, Canada, in a French-Canadian family, and she is the third child. She graduated from McGill University, Montreal, Canada, obtained a First Class Honor in psychology (Baillargeon, n.d.). Further, Renee completed a Ph.D. in the same area at the University of Pennsylvania and conducted postdoctoral studies at MIT Center for Cognitive Science, Cambridge. In 1983 Renee began to work as Assistant Professor at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, at the Psychology Department faculty. Her professional experience is also connected to the mentioned educational unit, where she worked as a professor until 1999. She is the Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology and a faculty member of the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois (Gordon, 2018). Currently, Renee is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Art and Sciences. In addition, she has received various awards, including Guggenheim Fellowship and a Fyssen Prize (“Renee Baillargeon,” n.d.). Renee Baillargeon Research Interests and Major Accomplishments in Developmental Psychology Renee Baillargeon is known for her contribution to infant cognition understanding, which is an important and widely discussed topic in developmental psychology. She introduced the term “violation of expectation paradigm” (VOE) that exploits the fact that young children tend to observe objects they have not encountered before for a longer time (McLeod, 2018). The major of Renee’s accomplishments is the causal reasoning domains researching. They are unique frameworks, which enable infants to learn about the events occurring around them (“Renee Baillargeon,” n.d.). Each of the four domains is focused on a specific experience, which infants perceive while witnessing a phenomenon. The described process’s research implies examining what learning mechanism and explanatory frameworks allow infants to leverage their cognitive functions and gain knowledge about opportunities and threats of the surrounding. Renee’s purpose is to uncover the initial principles that guide the realizi
“ Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” – Franklin Roosevelt Introduction The fear in American lives and the role popular culture and media play in shaping it has become an area of interest for many (Altheide). American news media has successfully helped to produce the fear discourse in the mind of its viewers. Television news presents social or political issues or problems that are produced by entertainment media. Thus, it is the “mass media in general, and especially the electronic news media, are part of a “problem-generating machine” geared to entertainment, voyeurism, and the “quick fix” (Altheide, “The News Media, the Problem Frame, and the Production of Fear” media is disseminating fear through all its communication formats and the victims of it all are the viewers. And research shows that a specific theme that transcends from media is fear (Altheide, “The News Media, the Problem Frame, and the Production of Fear”). On a clearer note, it can be said that fear is omnipresent in American people and it gets accentuated through interactions with media broadcasted stories. As news reports have become a prominent feature of the popular culture, it has successfully intertwined with the everyday life of viewers, political speeches, and other entertainment forms such as movies. It is believed that news is being used to spread fear to offer news that entertains and endorses distrust among the audience. Thus, the part of entertaining news is to shape the content of news and use fear to spread over social issues especially when fear is a prevailing framework in the society. Fox News has seen a record-breaking increase in view ship by 430 percent growth in the first three years of their operations, in the demographics of 25 to 54 years (Sella). But the channel has been gained prominence with its eating up the share of the rivals (CNN, CNBC, MSNBC, etc.) and mostly provides biased news (Raspberry). For it was reported that Fox News aired a false report on Barak Obama which stated that he was educated in a madrassa (an Islamic school). As quoted in an article by E. J. Dionne Jr., “The first decade of his life, raised by his Muslim father as a Muslim and was educated in a madrassa…Financed by Saudis, they teach this Wahhabism, which pretty much hates us. The big question is, was that on the curriculum back then?” (Dionne Jr.) which was later proven by CNN to be a complete fabrication. A Neil Cavuto showc
Background The child’s name is Huan; she is ten years old, and she migrated from China with her mother five years ago. Her level of achievement at school is generally good, but her family life interferes with her studies. There are two major contributors to this issue: her father lives in China, and her mother is employed seven days a week. Furthermore, Huan is the only child in the family, so she has no one to communicate with when she stays at home after school. Nevertheless, the girl has managed to make strong connections both at school and at Saturday Chinese school. The main interests of the girl include music, art, and sport. Huan has great progress in learning classical piano, but her favourite genre is rhythm and blues (R&B). The child frequently composes songs in this genre in her free time. The love for art is reflected in working on portraits with the use of various techniques. The passion for art allowed Huan to find a good friend, Lewis, who enjoys sculpture and construction. Despite the achievements in creative subjects, Huan’s performance in mathematics has dropped considerably. Thinking about art and music frequently distracts the girl from her mathematics classes. Case Study Analysis Based on the case study, it is possible to single out two theories with the help of which the child’s development may be evaluated. A deeper understanding of Huan and the effect that educational practices are having on her may be gained through the use of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. The first one presupposes viewing the human’s development through the prism of needs at different levels. The second theory allows analysing Huan’s progress from the point of the environment surrounding her. Maslow’s Self-Actualisation Scrutinising Huan’s development through the prism of Maslow’s pyramid of needs allows understanding the girl’s level of psychological development better. According to Weinberg (2011), the “primary sacred duty” of any teacher is not instructing pupils how to read and write but taking care of their psychological health (p. 16). Taking this idea into consideration, the school environment should be the most beneficial for mental development in the first place. Researchers indicate that Maslow’s theory of self-actualisation has the potential to improve the quality of life (Tripathi & Moakumla, 2018). Furthermore, scholars note that love needs are important for individuals, particularly, for children (Oved, 2017). However, while Maslow considered love needs to be a part of psychological needs, a recent study’s author argues that these needs should be classified as basic ones (Oved, 2017). The reason for such an opinion is that love is even more significant than safety in any person’s life. In its turn, safety cannot be gained without the feeling of security that emerges when people realise that they have someone to take care of them and support them. The case study indicates that Huan’s love needs are satisfied at a satisfactory level since both of her parents dedicate as muc
Abstract Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the connection between eating and stress. The main point is to investigate how our eating behavior influences our emotional state. It also aims at determining whether a lack of food influences our feelings and reactions to human and environmental factors. This study intends to explore all factors determining the link between eating and stress. Methodology The study is based on an online survey sample. The survey was based on an interview of 40 female samples aged between 20 and 30 years from Saudi Arabia. Out of 40 selected sample females, only 20 aged between 20 and 25 years completed a questionnaire form. Hypotheses There is a link between eating habits and stress. Lack of food influences the way we react to people and our environment. Failure to have a meal or two will cause stress. Finally, people tend to eat a lot of food when they have stress. Results The result obtained produced unpredicted outcomes. The results indicated that those under stress eat the same way those who are happy. However, the results were close to the hypotheses in terms of how a lack of food can cause stress. In terms of their relationship, the results were almost similar. Conclusion The results demonstrate the purpose of this study, which is to determine the link between eating and stress. Research Question   * Do you believe the lack of a meal or two can cause stress?   * Do you consume a large amount of food when you are stressed or happy?   * Do you notice any change in your emotions when you are angry? Introduction Even though food is essential for the survival of humans, it also contributes to mental development and status. Therefore, food acts as a tranquilizer that stabilizes our