ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article How One Cell Gives Rise to an Entire Body written by Elizabeth Pennisi describes a series of studies which is meant to investigate a biological phenomenon of a single fertilized egg being able to form a whole organism. It can consist of a wide variety of cell types, ranging from tissue to organs. With the development of cell-sequencing and computational technology, researchers are able to track gene activity of simple organisms such as zebrafish or frogs as they develop from an embryonic state. Vertebrates have highly complex cell activity which has presented a challenge to track cell sequences. The researchers used a specific methodology. Embryos were dissolved in specialized solutions, and individual cells were isolated and their mRNA determined. Genetic tracers were inserted into the cytoplasm, and as the cells began to divide, the genetic barcodes were embedded into the nuclei. Towards the end of the experiment, each type of cells had a unique combination of genetic tracers (Pennisi, 2018). The researchers then used computational analysis of gene activity profiles to trace the cell development into specific organs. Another method used by Harvard biologists, relied on computation, using software to work backward based on the mRNA and gene activity based on the cell’s age. It helped to discover that during development, cells may change their “destination” of which type of tissue or organ it will end up as, something that was thought to be improbable (Pennisi, 2018). The article directly relates to the biology concepts that the course covers regarding the nature of cells, cell division, and genetics. The course text indicates that cells are the smallest unit of life and an organism consists of many individual cells. “Multicelled organisms are typically organized as tissues, organs, and organ systems that interact to keep the individual’s body working properly” (Starr, Evers, & Starr, 2010, p. 5). In this course, the role that cell division and genetics plays in the formation of an organism is extensively covered. I am able to apply the knowledge gained from the fundamentals of biology in the course in order to better understand the scientific methods described in the article as well as its importance for research. This article caught my attention because I did not realize the complexity of cell division and its growth into an organism. I think that, while the mechanisms of cell division and growth are extensively studied, the specific processes of tissue and organ formation remain mostly unknown. I believe the article covers a topic which is tremendously critical for genetic research going forward which is an issue important to me. The author mentions that this research is tremendously beneficial for stem cell research and tissue engineers who are focused on creating specific cell types similar to the embryos in the experiments (Pennisi, 2018). With further research, a fully outlined mechanism of cell development could be revolution
Introduction The Eucharist is a Christian ordinance that dates back to the times of Jesus Christ on the earth over 2000 years ago. In the Bible, when Jesus was taking the last supper before crucifixion, He ordered His disciples to observe the Eucharist in remembrance of His life in this earth. Observation of the Eucharist entails taking of bread and wine symbolically as the body and blood of Jesus Christ. “Sharing in the Eucharist, like sharing in the mystery of Christ’s death and resurrection, is at the heart of Christian life.” 1 The Eucharist provides an opportunity for Christians to assert their allegiance to God and have assurance of eternal life. Although the practice has biblical basis, different Christian religions have attached different meanings and names to it. Depending on the Christian religion, Christians have named the Eucharist as the Holy Communion, Sacrament of the Altar, the Holy Mass, or Lord’s Supper. 2 To some extent, these names indicate theological variations in the application of this doctrine. Mainstream Christian religions such as Protestantism and Catholicism have different interpretations of the Eucharist. In a bid to enhance understanding of the variation in the Eucharistic practices among Christians, this paper examines the Eucharistic practices of St. Augustine and John Wesley, and seeks to examine how they differ and compare in the Catholic Church and Methodism way of teaching the practice respectively. St. Augustine Eucharistic Practices St. Augustine believed in transubstantiation where the bread and the wine become the body and the blood of Jesus Christ respectively by the power of the Holy Ghost during consecration. “The Eucharist is an intimate sharing in the real presence of Christ in a way that is truly human and truly divine.” 3 The Eucharist allows humans to interact with the divine in an intimate manner that is real and nourishing to the Christians. Since the bread and wine are symbols, St. Augustine asserted that signs and symbols are sacred things for the become real when consecrated. According to his beliefs, “language about liturgy and sacraments was about signs and symbols – in all their reality, content, and liturgical fullness of expression.” 4 Hence, according to St. Augustine, bread and wine are real body and blood of Jesus Christ respectively. St. Augustine also perceived the Eucharist as a sacrament of unity, which unites Jesus Christ and His Church. When Jesus Christ left this world, He instructed His disciples to observe Lord’s Supper whenever they are together, because the Eucharist stands for unity between Him and the church. The use of symbols in the Eucharist has significant importance because “the Eucharist and church are gifts of God, and that our proper attitude to them is one of receptivity.” 5 Disciples of Jesus Christ practiced and taught about the Eucharist as they preached the Gospel to the world. In this view, St. Augustine perceived the Eucharist as a central el
What is Strategy: Pandora Case Study Differences in Business Models Pandora radio station, Verizon, and AT&T adopt different strategies. Pandora radio station uses a music genome project to market itself to consumers (Ringnes). By so doing, it has to establish a competitive edge in a market that has competitors such as Microsoft and Spotify. Pandora radio station deployed the combined-method strategy. It has millions of free users but faces the challenge of converting them into subscribers. A monthly fee by subscribers constitutes an important revenue stream for the company. A large portion of Pandora radio station’s income comes from advertisements and hence its combined-method strategy. While Pandora radio station focuses on Internet radio services, Verizon emphasizes high-definition TV services. Verizon’s model, which is based on monthly subscriptions, pursues the strategy of commercial-free entertainment and monthly fees by consumers. AT&T bases its business model on IP-based communication services. It has an extensive broadband network, which allows it to have international coverage and a major wireless carrier in the U.S. Its main strategy is focused on three-screen integration. In other words, it delivers services to three main screens, namely, personal computers, TV, and mobile devices. It pursues the strategy of monthly fees by consumers. Meaning of the Differences Differences in business strategies for Verizon, AT&T, and Pandora radio stations imply companies’ need for defining their target customers and looking for the best methods of securing a market share. The differences denote the respective companies’ attempts to differentiate their items from those offered by other businesses. Here, customers can have varying utilities to consider when making loyalty decisions. How the Differences Enhance Competitive Advantage The above differences are important in the attempt to develop a company’s competitive advantage since they create partnership avenues. Here, a partnering company such as Pandora can take advantage of synergies possessed by each business. According to Thompson et al., a company can only build a competitive advantage based on unique resources and capabilities that underline the necessity for an exclusive business model (4). In other words, for the Pandora radio station, the above differences establish strategic points that act as growth opportunities for the company. The Company Likely to Gain more Competitive Advantage and Sustainability The degree of success in terms of establishing a sustainable competitive advantage between the three companies depends on their ability to maintain consistency in the strategies and utilities they deliver to customers (Thompson et al. 14). A combined-method strategy provides more avenues in which consumers’ needs are met while increasing revenue streams. Pandora radio station is more likely to have a sustainable competitive advantage when it taps into the strengths of Verizon and AT&T after partnering with them. For example, AT&T has a competitive pricing strategy. Therefore, a partnership between Pandora radio station and AT&T allows Pandora
CompSupport.com was developed to provide the computer support services operating within the software industry. The focused was made on using innovative approaches and technologies. The target audience of the product was individual users of computers, and the success of the company depended on the expansion of the services provided which were available for the unlimited number of customers. This industry is based on the effective communication with customers while responding to their needs. The problems began when CompSupport.com focused on the work with corporate clients and changed the approaches to communication and provision of services. It was rather difficult to find new customers and decrease costs along with increasing the company’s profits. Nevertheless, operating within the highly competitive environment, the company could not follow the initial strategy because of changes in customers’ demands and the company’s approaches to providing the necessary services. The “product and market” fit in relation to CompSupport.com can be discussed as appropriate only at the first stages of the company’s development when the proposed services met the customers’ needs completely. CompSupport.com expanded the range of services provided each year focusing on innovations and changes within the industry and market. The effectiveness of this business also depended on the successes of communication between experts and customers, and main alternatio
Rape is one of the most horrible crimes to be ever be committed. It is bound to cause physical and emotional trauma to the victims and their families. In order to ensure justice is served, the investigator must know what to do when arriving at the crime scene to perform a retroactive investigation. This paper includes a list of steps and suggestions tailored to a particular rape scenario. Steps to Take upon the Arrival at the Scene of the Crime In this scenario I am the responding investigator, thus not the first person to contact the victim and arrive at the crime scene. The duty of the first responding officer is to secure the victims, the primary witnesses, and the area where the crime took place (“Role of the first responder,” 2016). Upon arrival, the investigator will be required to:   * Interview the victims and primary witnesses   * Collect material evidence from the crime scene Questions for the Victim Here is a list of 10 important questions that need to be answered during the investigation (Cain, 2015):   * Can you tell me what happened today?   * When did the crime happen?   * Can you describe the perpetrator?   * Did you know the perpetrator?   * What did the perpetrator do before, during, and after the assault?   * Did you resist the offender?   * Did he threaten you?   * Did he have any weapons with him?   * Did anyone else see or hear you? (e.g. the children)   * Were there any specific threats towards you or your family? These questions will need to be worded carefully in order to accommodate the rape victim and not provoke a negative reaction. Children Care Plan Witnessing their family members raped can be a traumatizing event for the victim’s children. First, it must be determined if the children actually witnessed the act. If not, then it will be best to avoid discussing it. However, if they did witness the crime, it is important to contact a child psychologist in order to ensure their emotional stability. Any interviewing of the children should be conducted with extreme delicacy and caution (Tracy, 2016). Crime Scene Search Areas Weiss (2015) outlines two areas of examination in a rape scenario – the victim’s body and the area outside the house. Investigating the area outside the house might tell how the perpetrator broke inside. It might contain tire tracks, fingerprints, discarded tools and items, and other potential evidence that could be used to discover the criminal’s identity. The victim’s body will contain biological evidence, such as hairs, semen, nails, bits of the epidermis, etc. (Weiss, 2015). Profiling The case scenario offers only two traits that could be classified as part of the criminal profile, namely the use of a car to escape the scene of the crime, and the threat to return if the victim files a report to the police. This evidence can be used as a point of comparison with other cases in order to establish a pattern (Holmes, 2009). However, the information given in the scenario does not allow for any further profile-building. Follow-up Investigative Steps In order to continue the investigation, the investigator mus
Introduction Leadership as a factor of production plays a vital role in management, supervision, co-ordination, and execution of responsibilities within organizations and institution. In the individual perspective, everyone harbors imaginary and dormant leadership skill often relevant in personal decision-making and actions undertaken. However, in a large entity composed of different individuals, it takes gradual development of skills, decision-making capabilities, and uttermost tolerance to develop great leadership structure necessary for success. In a black box perspective, leadership styles, capabilities, and success depend on continuous development, correction, and appreciation of different styles in management and co-ordination of both human and capital resources. Thesis Statement As an art, leadership undergoes continual improvement, evolution, changes in form, and embraces creativity and innovativeness. From a scientific perspective, leadership depends upon dynamic techniques and principles that undergo continuous changes and improvements. In leadership and management studies, innovation and creativity stand out as the leading qualities among successful leaders. This implies that in order to develop a great culture of leadership, an individual must embrace principles and techniques of dynamism cognizant with the dynamic changes within the areas of jurisdiction. For this reason, it becomes evident that leadership remains a dynamic concept that embraces evolution and continuous changes. This paper explores the argument that leadership goes further than innate human characters. Similarly, the paper aims to ascertain the dynamism in the culture of leadership based on the continuous training and improvement of strategies to improve performance. The best leaders are continuous learners Currently, the world remains in a constant state of change and dynamism. For this reason, leadership positions require development of leadership learning tendencies as Hackman (23) describes in his analysis of the role of learning, innovation, and creativity on leadership. Based on functional leadership theory, leaders fulfill their roles in teamwork through systematic processes under continuous changes. In order to keep up with this dynamism, continuous learning and innovation become vital. Contrary to the relatively static innate characters, leadership through learning ensures proper structuring and evaluation of an organization’s goals and objectives based on the dynamic resource capabilities. Likewise, through a process of learning from experience and trial systems, leaders develop concrete plans necessary for the
Introduction The city of Orlando that is located in Florida was a small town that used cultivation as the key resource for economics. The industrial tourism changes the way of life in Florida, when the railway was built there, and Walt Disney Company decided to create attractions. These two factors significantly influenced the growth of the city since they attracted many people from the US and foreign countries. Tourism Industry in Orlando The construction of the South Florida Railroad led to the arrival of people, who were seeking jobs and moving across the country. This railroad also allowed connecting people from the distant places to Orlando, so that people could travel and visit new destinations (Folse & Pugh, 2020). As a result of these transitions, the city size increased, and it became an attractive location for tourists. Consequently, the life of the residents of Orlando improved as their city increased, providing more job opportunities, products, and services. The building of theme parks and attractions is another key factor in the growth of Orlando. Walt Disney, Sea World, and Universal Studios are the parks that attract more than 55 million visitors every year (Folse & Pugh, 2020). The customers spend their money not only to visit the parks, but also to eat, relax, and stay at night in motels and hotels. On the one hand, these attractions make positive changes as they offer jobs, connect people, provide the place for entertainment, and make commercial deals. On the other hand, they also create traffic congestion that is inconvenient for the local population. The majority of tourists do not visit the city since they prefer parks only. It means that Orlando has a limited level of commercialism, and its residents are not provided with great offers. The economics of attitudes is one more factor that makes Orlando quite attractive for industrial tourism. Khalilzadeh and Wang (2018) state that when the companies create a network and cooperate with each other, their chances for success increase. In case of Orlando, several attractions were built in one location, and can be considered as an advantage. The interconnectedness of Walt Disney, Sea World, and Universal Studios allows customers to have fun for several days while staying in one place. This factor is positive for the local population since it improves the economy and involves the city in effective marketing (Khalilzadeh & Wang, 2018). As a consequence, Orlando has a relatively stable economy, using tourism as the main source to support the other areas, such as social services, healthcare, and so on. Conclusion In conclusion, Orlando in Florida grew from a tiny town to a large city within about 50 years. The first factor that affected such a growth is the railroad that connected the city with other locations. The second factor is theme parks that provide entertainment to children and adults. In addition, the cooperation of the attractions also
Background The Philippines was governed by Spain between 1565 and 1898, before the United States took over until it became independent in 1946. The Islands experienced severe economic turmoil and martial law throughout the 21-year rule by Ferdinand Marcos (1965-86; however, Corazon Aquino (1986-92) restored democracy in the country. Thereafter, democracy was enhanced by other leaders such as Fidel Ramos, Joseph Estrada, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The country has more than eighty-five million residents, which makes it to have great disparities. A wide gap exists in ownership of assets, income distribution, human development, and geographic concentration of economic activity. For example, in 2002, the National Capital Region (NCR) around the city of Manila, with fourteen percent of the entire population, produced more than thirty-three percent of the nation’s GDP. The socioeconomic status in the Philippines was divided into five groups. These are A, B, C, D, and E. The A, B, and C categories represented the upper, upper middle, and lower middle income households, whereas the D and E categories represented the lower income and below the poverty line households. Definition of the problem Because of the high levels of poverty that was facing the Philippines in the mid-1990s,
Introduction One of the most effective ways of convincing people that a particular social issue does represent much discursive relevance is showing that it is innately reflective of the universe’s most fundamental laws. The reason for this is apparent – the deployment of such an approach will naturally prompt the audience to think of what is being discussed as such that directly relates to what happened to be their unconscious anxieties, regarding life, death, and what can be deemed the purpose of one’s life. In my paper, I will explore the validity of this suggestion, concerning the 2010 documentary Nostalgia for the Light by Patricio Guzman. Body Before having watched Guzman’s masterpiece with its own eyes, one may assume that there is a clearly defined phenomenological sounding to the documentary in question, as a whole. After all, just about every written review of this film stresses out that, in it, the director strived to establish a parallel between the seemingly incompatible pursuits of astronomers/archeologists, and the quest of many Chilean women to find the remains of their husbands and brothers in the desert of Atacama – a place where the Chilean concentration camp for political prisoners was once located. 1 Nevertheless, after having been exposed to Nostalgia for the Light , people are most likely to end u