ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Case Study Steven is a forty-three-year-old American male that has lived alone in his house for more than ten years. He has a longstanding diagnosis of bipolar disorder which was diagnosed in the patient fifteen years ago. The individual has been admitted to several mental health rehabilitation centers after the episodes of severe depression and the related suicidal thoughts and one attempt. Steven is divorced, and his condition was among the causes of the split with his wife. The analysis of Steven’s case is based on Clark and Clarke’s (2014) biopsychopharmacosocial (BPPS) approach to psychiatric nursing, which entails the promotion of patient-centered care and planning by exploring the relevant areas of influence. Biological The physical health of Steven requires the management of a range of comorbidities. Over a decade ago, he was diagnosed with liver disease, which runs in his family. However, his lifestyle and unhealthy dietary choices have certainly contributed to the diagnosis. It is crucial to managing Steven’s liver damage because of the possibility to result in scarring and subsequent liver failure, which is a life-threatening condition (Osna et al., 2017). To manage the condition, Steven has been prescribed medications, but he has often failed to take them because his psychological health was debilitating. Psychological The patient’s mental health negatively influences his quality of life. Specific triggers for both manic and depressive symptoms include prolonged alcohol use, loneliness, and stressful events. The patient’s bipolar disorder is characterized by the prevalent occurrence of depressive features with a less lasting presence of ‘low’ episodes (Bobo, 2017). Steven’s bipolar disorder-related depressive symptoms manifest through the decreased appetite to the point of not eating anything for several days. The patient has also experienced extreme fatigue and low energy alongside feelings of hopelessness, despair, guilt, and worthlessness (Koenders et al., 2020). At present, Steven has been prescribed the atypical antipsychotic lurasidone (Latuda) in combination with Lithium to treat his symptoms of bipolar depression (Ostacher et al., 2017). The manic episodes in Steven’s case are characterized by racing thoughts, increased agitation and activity, as well as the decreased need for sleep to the point of not sleeping for forty-eight hours and more (WHO, 2019). In addition, the patient reported having poor decision-making during his manic episodes. Steven also reported distorted sleeping patterns as one of the most consistent and long-term symptoms of bipolar disorder (Gold & Sylvia, 2016). Disruptions in his sleep have been directly associated with either high or low episodes. When Steven experiences m
Wisconsin has a considerable number of uninsured women and children ranging in hundreds of thousands. Tommy Thompson, the governor and legislature of Wisconsin set out to reduce this number in the late 1990’s. This paper seeks to briefly describe the beginning and enactment of BadgerCare program. It also seeks to demonstrate the evolution and expansion of the program to become BadgerCare Plus. The evolution of eligibility requirements for the program participants will be examined. The paper will also look into the number of residents affected by the expansion of BadgerCare into program into BadgerCare Plus. BadgerCare is a family based health care plan in the state of Wisconsin. This program owes its enactment to the governor and legislature Thompson back in 1997. BadgerCare program ensures availability of healthcare to the working poor and uninsured families. The families covered have incomes falling between the current Medicaid limits and 185% of FPL (federal poverty level).This program is financed with both federal Title 19 and Title 21 funding, premiums paid by families with over 150% of FPL incomes and state revenue (Families USA, 2007). Initially, BadgerCare was planned to be launched on 1 st July 1998. However, this was delayed by state and federal officials’ negotiations concerning the structure and financing of the program. The agreement was at last made in January 1999, and later the program commenced on 1 st July 1999. During the approval of BadgerCare program, there existed an impasse between federal and state officials. There were two primary impediments to federal endorsement of the program. The first issue was the extent of federal Title 21 funds to be spent for adults. The other issue was whether Title 19 (Medicaid) funds were to be utilized in a non-entitlement program (Wisconsin Council on Children &Families, 1999). At first, the state proposed to finance BadgerCare with federal funding under Title 21, the Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP). The federal Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) insisted that the Child Health Insurance Program legislation was the Congress primarily intention of the extension of health care for under-ages. In addition, it contained a very narrow exemption for taking care of adults. The federal Health Care Financing Administration accomplished that majority of the parents proposed covering were not within that exemption. The officials of federal Health Care Financing Administration suggested to the state that the program could be approved if the Medicaid funds and CHIP funding for children were used. This required a 41% state match for the majority of the parents. Nevertheless, state officials welcomed the suggestion of a hybrid approach. This was due to entitlement state of Medicaid program. It was hard to use it as a part of the funding mix because the BadgerCare legislation openly states that it is not a prerogative program (Leininger, Friedsam, & Dague, 2009). The negotiations lasted for two years and three months, after which an agreement was r
Introduction Imperialism can be defined as an action of extending power, authority or influence by a person, state, empire or government to another one. Sometimes it can be used as a tool to unite different states into a single one. Usually there is some kind of aggressiveness by the superpower towards the weaker person, state or government. All sorts of mistreatment and acts of cruelty are executed by the colonizers to the colonized. Imperialism has been experienced in many countries of the world especially with the colonizers with an attempt to bring some kind of civilization to their countries of colonization. Much suffering, unfairness and agony comes along with imperialism. Imperialism in King Leopold II Document In King Leopold II document, imperialism is all about dictatorship, where the head of the state is the final say. He/ she formulate all the rules and regulations, recruit those to join the army and make other important decisions without any consultation. Under this form of leadership, a lot of evil is carried out such as assassinations, slavery, misuse of public resources, scourging of the prisoners and the helpless such as the women and the young children. It is by a word of command that all is accomplished without hesitation. Under Leopold II reign in Congo, cases of inequality in employment, slavery, mistreatment in hospitals and prisons and especially to the natives, murder, poor payment to the employees and many more cases of suffering was realized. He did this in the name of promoting democracy and promoting human welfare in the country. In the open letter to Majesty Leopold II, imperialism is all about bringing light of hope to a darkened country by ensuring legitimacy, compassion, fairness and independence of the natives. It is about acquisition of a territory through the right means without involvement of any actions of fraud. It also involves consolidation of the native states by use of their local leaders such as chiefs through signing of treaties so as to become one under the authority of the colonizer. Imperialism concerns educating the natives and encouraging their sovereignty and wellbeing. The government is supposed to provide the basic amenities such as schools, hospitals, and food, shelter and employment opportunities. The natives are to be allowed to live peacefully and to enjoy each and every fruit that comes from their land. A feeling of possession for their own land is supposed to be realized through favors such as being offered equal employment opportunities with equal and fair pay. Contrary to all these expectations, the sovereign government under Emperor Leopold in Congo is seen to deprive the Congo natives of all their rights and the main aims of empire establishment which is to safe mankind fr
Introduction Motivation Entrepreneurial education (EE) can be considered one of the ways of solving socioeconomic issues in emerging countries by developing the entrepreneurial capacities of its citizens. Thus, they may decrease the unemployment rate in developing countries (Boahemaah et al. , 2020) and, in its turn, positively affect their citizens’ well-being (Dalmarco, Hulsink, and Blois, 2018; Woodside, Bernal, and Coduras, 2016). Furthermore, EE programs enable the dissemination of entrepreneurial culture nationwide so that they contribute to the productivity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (Kshetri, 2014). One of the well-known EE programs available to Brazilian people is the National Programme for Entrepreneurship Education (PNEE) of SEBRAE, Support Service for Micro and Small Enterprises. Although the PNEE courses are free of charge, they seem to efficiently provide school and university students with entrepreneurial skills (OECD, 2020). According to João and Silva (2020), EE programs may develop a positive mindset toward entrepreneurship. Other benefits for EE learners include gaining self-confidence and high motivation to start a business (Doucet, 2010). However, Borges et al. (2018) have found that Brazilian policymakers support existing business projects rather than increasing the entrepreneurial capacities of its citizens through EE programs. In their study, Borges et al . (2018) scrutinized 94 state policies of 2013 on entrepreneurship and classified them into eight categories following the policy model proposed by Lundstrom and Stevenson. This study revealed that while 45.5% and 31.9% of state policies focused on start-up financing and start-up support had 45.5% and 31.9 %, only 5.3% and 9.6% of them considered entrepreneurship education and promoting entrepreneurship (Borges et al. , 2018). Thus, the attention given to operating business ventures is six times higher than to the spread of EE programs and explaining their essentiality in reaching success. Problem Statement As only 0.75% of Brazilian companies have grown steadily within their first five years (OECD, 2020), it can be an indicator of either the ineffectiveness of EE programs to the existing enterprises or of their insufficient promotion. As a result, despite the fact that Brazil is high ranked in entrepreneurial activities, these enterprises fail to grow sustainably. It would, therefore, be beneficial to assess the effectiveness of the EE programs on the performance of the established enterprises. Objectives To contribute to the growth of entrepreneurial activities in the country and their further sustainability, this research has set the following objectives: first, to identify the entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards EE programs; second, to explore how the entrepreneurs benefited from EE programs; and, finally, how their new knowledge affected on the performance of their enterprises. Literature Review Previous re
The work Promises and challenges of Blockchain in education by Jae Park examines the blockchain concept, which has the potential to become a leading socio-economic technology in the context of network neutrality and big data. This study suggests that current trends in the Internet space will set new standards for digital ownership and storage. A comprehensive study of industrial and financial blockchain will greatly contribute to crypto education, crypto administration, human resources management, financial procurement, and other related fields. The principal purpose of the study is to observe the proposed tasks set by blockchain technology and the challenges expected in this direction. Blockchain was originally developed to operate with digital documents in 1991. In 2009, the technology started to be used in terms of cryptocurrency and has been proving its effectiveness for a long time (Park, 2021). The leading purpose of blockchain technology is to sidestep the violation of identity and information transmission. Avoiding any suspense is conducted with the help of blockchain. The technology preserves all data regarding the virtual identity and transactions, which is transparent to all parties involved but severely secured by well-built cryptography. The paper also explains the successful usage of blockchain in any aspect of intellectual property, copyright, and licensing. It describes the advantages and mechanisms of blockchain application in industrial sectors and education systems. Despite the proven effectiveness of the technology, the main challenge is the lack of promotion of learning on the blockchain. It can be supported by the evidence of other research papers such as the work by Delgado-von-Eitzen et al. (2021). Technological learning requires large financial investments, continuous intellectual effort, and directives, which currently face a lack of focus on sustainability. Blockchain technology has a great potential to provide benefits to society and collective interests. Blockchain courses can become an integral part of any educational content for positions in government and political sectors of work (Bartolomé et al., 2017). The paper of Park claims that now the main charge is to create a stable educational program regarding technology with an emphasis on cooperation and social responsibility.
Introduction During the past decades, the problem of social inequality in health has become an acute topic of discussion for specialists in the sphere of economy, sociology, medicine, and others. They all agree on the point that the health care system itself is incapable of reducing inequality and improving the conditions of health in the population because numerous external factors are affecting public health. Such factors are called determinants of health; they embrace an array of spheres such as social, political, economic, demographic, and environmental. Being a worldwide spread phenomenon, socio-economic determinants of health influence the health of the populations of both developed and developing countries. The country chosen for the paper is Pakistan, which faces military instability and “problems with internal security and economic decline” that have impacted the population and its health (Nishtar et al., 2013, p. 2291). Various socio-economic determinants, such as age, education, gender, access to health, status, the burden of disease, and the environment combined with the instability in the region significantly affect health in Pakistan, imposing challenges for federal authorities. Age Age as a health determinant is a significant influencer of health. There exists a vast difference between the health conditions and exposure to a variety of diseases in different ages (World Health Organization, 2018). The older a person is, the worse his or her health becomes and, consequently, the more intensive medical care this person requires. Also, age-specific diseases occur within specific age ranges. These aspects should be thoroughly addressed by primary care planning and governmental programs. According to the analysis of health reform in Pakistan conducted by Nishtar et al. (2013), the country shows low health quality indicators, which are marked with high mortality of infants and working young adults. These age groups seem to be poorly addressed due to their exposure to diseases. It is important for the federation to identify specific dangers to the health of people in different age ranges and develop a proper system of work in this direction. Gender Similar to age, gender also requires a particular focus from the medical care sphere. Gender differences impose divergence in the health issues between men and women (World Health Organization, 2018). Improper attention to such differences might lead to lower quality of health in the population and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. As for Pakistan, the gender determinant is poorly included in its healthcare planning, which has some negative influences on the quality
Introduction Extant epidemiologic studies and laboratory research consistently demonstrate that aggression is a developmentally salient behavior, which is mostly triggered by situational factors such as the presence of violent cues, parental conflict and divorce, poverty, provocation, and the quality of parent-child relations (Bettencourt et al. 751). Another strand of existing literature (e.g., Daffern et al. 430; Fossati et al. 24; Latalova & Praske 239) demonstrates that aggression, in its form and scope, is a widespread symptom in a number of disorders and syndromes of psychiatric concern, particularly maladaptive personal functioning and personality disorder. However, there still remains a dearth in literature with regard to the particular correlates of aggression that are exhibited in people with personality disorders, and if aggressive behavior is a precondition of personality disorder. Through a critical analysis of several personality disorders classified under the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition), such as borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this paper aims to demonstrate that aggression against self or against others is a core component of personality disorders. Understanding Aggression & Personality Disorder Considerable research conducted over several decades has attempted to investigate the reasons for exhibiting aggressive behavior in patients suffering from personality disorders (Daffern et al. 426), but no conclusive results seem forthcoming in a number of fronts, in large part due to the problems encountered in categorizing personality disorders (Nelson-Gray et al. 12). In other fronts, however, studies have been conclusive on the relationship between aggression and personality disorders, and the influence that aggressive behavior impacts on personality disorders and vise-versa (Reidy et al. 415). Many academics and practitioners believe that aggressive behavioral orientation on the part of individuals with personality disorders stands in the way of attaining effective treatment and management of these disorders (Nouvion et al. 554) and, as such, it is of essence to come up with strategies and modalities for purposeful intervention with regard to eliminating or reducing aggression in this group of the population. The following section aims to seek a better understanding of the concept of aggression within the broader context of personality disorders. Aggression Aggression literature continues to elicit increased attention from academics an
The movie is founded on Fannie Flagg’s work of fiction dubbed as ‘ Fried Green Tomatoes which was acted at the Whistle Stop Café’ . It is an influential story of four different aged women who existed at different epochs that is, in the 1930s and 1980s.This feature makes it suitable for different age groups to identify with. The film narrates the lives of Evelyn, a middle aged woman and Ninny who was an eighty three year old mature granny. The two became great friends after meeting at the nursing home. It was during their numerous encounters that Ninny narrated to Evelyn the story of an old famous town known as Whistle Shop (Gareis et al. 56). She instigated her story by narrating the dramatic encounters of Idgie who was a cheeky but good hearted lady and her relationship with her lifelong friend called Ruth. Through flashbacks, we learn of the tribulations and triumphs of the two buddies while still following closely on Evelyn’s life. The movie ends with Ninny moving into Evelyn’s house after having difficulties at her home. Throughout the movie, we are kept entertained by the mix of comedy as well as a bit of drama. However, for the critical viewers, there are several issues affecting the society that the movie puts across. As the movie sets up we see Evelyn as a very disturbed lady. She considers herself fat and useless with low sense of worth .She makes fruitless attempts to capture the attention of her husband but she obliviously fails. The notion depicts the picture of various other people’s lives. In fact, there are so many girls who struggle with their self-worth just because of their looks (Gareis et al. 60). Others are married women who try to bring back the spark in their marriage lives by doing appalling things. Evelyn in her case tries to attend class in order to learn a few tricks that might salvage her marriage. Nevertheless, this materializes to be futile. It is just during a special visit to a relative who does not like her that she meets this lady called Ninny who restores her self-esteem. At this juncture, the movie is probably trying to explain the irony of life. It is from the sources that we least expect help that eventually salvage our situations. The film also stresses the need to stand together as a couple despite your differences or misgivings about your partner. Since Evelyn’s husband paid little attention to her while at home, she could have chosen to remain at home while the husband visits his relative. After all, the relative did not want anything to do with her (Gareis et al. 63). Even so, it is through the visit that she becomes a friend with Ninny who later developed into being very beneficial to her. Thus, the benefit of friendship is similarly put across. Marriage is