ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Justin Jennings created a book Globalizations and the Ancient World to reveal his views regarding human history and globalization. The professional believed that modern hybrid cultures are developed due to numerous interregional interactions that happened in the past. Moreover, he considers that people observe a Great Wall between the ancient and contemporary human beings even though they are connected through their development (Jennings 4). This paper will reveal whether we are not the same as individuals who lived in the ancient days, focusing on their worldviews, sharing of knowledge, and globalizations. Worldview People who live in the modern world are affected by those concepts developed by their predecessors and act according to constantly altering norms, which prevents them from remaining the same all the time. For example, our contemporaries have to deal with the institutions of modernity. Every person is expected to obtain an obligatory education, experience romantic love, find a job to support their family, and to follow the rules of democracy (Jennings 4). Nevertheless, in the ancient days, people were not familiar with these concepts. They believed in gods who lived on the Earth and focused on supernatural powers instead of trying to find a scientific resolution of existing issue. In this way, the worldviews of ancient and modern people differed significantly so that similar ideas can hardly be identified. Sharing of Knowledge The advances of the modern world provide the representatives of the general public with an opportunity to share extensive amounts of information which was not possible in the past. Today, people are focused on communication and use different means of it because they are constantly obtaining the new information they want to discuss with others. It is possible to read books and journals, watch films and scientific programs, attend conferences and meetings. The amount of the available data is so large that it cannot be perceived by an individual even if one spends all his/her life studying. However, in the ancient times, people had only few books and maps they could use to obtain information. They could discuss some ideas when gathering in groups, but only a limited number of educated individuals had such a chance. In this way, communication was not very developed in the past and knowledge could hardly be shared. Globalizations The issue of globalization is often discussed nowadays, especially when speaking about business. People have already examined their local territories so that they need to target foreign countries in order to continue developing. In this way, globalization provides an opportunity to become leaders known to the whole world. In the past, people used to expand their territories and travel but the globalization of that time is more likely to be called expansion bec
Humanity has always known that there is an invisible but great connection between responsibility and freedom. Personal freedom is limited by the need to be held accountable for the actions committed. However, too much responsibility and too little freedom make a person unhappy. There must be, therefore, a balance between freedom and responsibility for human happiness. Understanding how freedom, responsibility, and accountability are interconnected helps people become the best version of themselves. Interaction of Three Elements The terms ‘accountability’ and ‘responsibility’ are often used synonymously, but there is a difference in their meanings. Accountability is what happens after a situation has already occurred. When this term is used, it refers to how one perceives the results of their activities. Responsibility is an ongoing obligation to perform a specific action or refrain from performing it. These three elements are in a state of interdependence with each other. Accountability to Others as an Opportunity to Find Inner Freedom Although sometimes it seems that when being in a state of duty to other people, a person loses their freedom, this is not the case. This state helps one to follow a strictly marked path. In this way, a person can establish remarkably trusting relationships with others. The interaction of freedom and accountability mainly has only positive sides in the context of communication between people. Freedom through the Lens of Personal Responsibility The responsibilities towards others help people be attentive to other’s desires and needs. However, freedom grows not only from duties to other people but also from having a responsibility to oneself. As Steve Farber notes in his article, taking responsibility will help one become “a leader that others can count on consistently (Farber, 2019).” There is no explanation allowing one to say that life without responsibility is better than when there is such responsibility. Knowing how these
Hyman Golden, Leonard Marsh, and Arnie Greenberg introduced the brand name Snapple in 1972 as a 100% natural apple juice. The three high school friends distributed the product to health food stores in Greenwich Village. The target of this business on health promotion beverages attracted the attention of consumers and by 1980 the brand had gained high market acceptance and recognition in the coasts of the United States. The business took 15 years to achieve peak in its success. The success of the brand name attracted the interest of potential investors. Quaker purchased Snapple in 1994 at a cost of $1.7 billion with the vision of combining the brand name with Gatorade, another successful brand name to build a powerful business unit of beverages. Quaker made changes that destroyed the image of the brand leading to a decline in the company’s sales. Quaker sold Snapple to Triarc in 1997 at $300 billion. Triarc worked out the strategy of developing and rebuilding new communication to restore the image of the brand. The communication messages would reconnect the brand with the customers to rebuild good relationships, loyalty, and success of the brand in the target markets essential for future stability of the business. Internal and External Factors in the Market Environment of Snapple as a segment of Triarc’s Business Portfolio Internal Factors These factors create competitive advantage and help Snapple differ from the competitors in meeting the demands of the target market. Snapple’s success in creating competitive advantage arises from its ability to offer a variety of flavors to build a strong heritage of natural healthy ingredients, and to create a well-established brand. These factors guarantee success and sustainability of the brand name in the future. Triarc manages the brand portfolio to ensure that the communication messages differentiate the products from those of competitors and that the messages create influence on potential consumers. Triarc had to overcome the gap created after the discontinuation of Wendy Kaufman and Stern that led to more losses in brand loyalty and decline in the financial performance of Snapple. Triarc improved communication with distributors and consumers to improve their purchasing power. The company ensures a consistent brand transformation in image, reputation, and perception to survive in the competitive market of beverages. Snapple also strives to understand the nature of the market and implement marketing tactics, such as competitive pricing to
There are many different scientific approaches to language studies; one of them is the prescriptive method. This principle can generally be described as a set of rules that prescribe speaking or writing. Crystal (1987) notes that prescriptivism is a perspective that chooses one of the interpretations of a language as the standard and extends it to the entire society. This variation is most often found in formal speech and literature. An alternative perspective is a descriptive approach based not on standards but on the actual situation. The proponent of this method simply describes the facts of linguistic variousness (Crystal, 1987). They act as an observer, not constrained by the official framework. Although these methods are opposite in meaning, each of them can be applied in the appropriate context. Crystal (1987) notes that exploring these methods often leads to an unrealistic depiction of the opposite side, the formation of prejudice and confrontation. However, both approaches should exist together, combining the positive aspects of each other. While the prescriptive approach allows the design of society to be arranged, the descriptive approach allows the recording of real language changes (Crystal, 1987). This, in turn, allows combining logic and the natural order of things. However, not all language changes are received positively due to misconceptions. The clearest example is the belief that change means deterioration, as the old generation constantly complains (Crystal, 1987). In addition, language changes are associated with a decline in the quality of education and the negative impact of the media. Nevertheless, the author selects sufficient counterarguments to all these fears. The elders are always resentful of change, as evidenced by historical correspondence. Deterioration in the quality of education and social tension arises only if these changes occur abruptly. Nevertheless, such cases are extremely rare, so I agree with these comments. As Crystal (1987) points out, it is common for the older generation to dislike the modern world, as evidenced by the literature. The influence of the media and the quality of education is not always necessarily linked to direct language changes. Therefore, my support for this position is based on the fact that people are usually afraid of change. Most people need the consistency of developed habits and methods in life. However, language change is a natural process that is not subject to official structures and is formed together with society and its most progressive members. Reference Crystal, D. (1987). Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge University Press.
The Bull-headed harp from tomb 789 (also known as Bull-headed lyre and sound box) is currently contained at the Pennsylvania University Museum. The Bull-headed harp and sound box is a significant archeological find that relates to Sumerian art. The harp was found in the “Kings Grave at the Royal Cemetery of Ur” (Zettler 12). The instrument was found with all its fragmented parts, including the harp and its accompanying sound box. According to archeologists, the harp was created around 2600 BC. When the harp was found, it consisted of a wooden harp, a sound box that is covered with bearded bullhead, and the sound box itself which was adorned with gold and other precious stones. The adornments in the sound box depict scenes that feature various types of bearded animals and people. In total, four scenes are depicted in the sound box, and scholars think that they are depicting a party in the spirit world, or the land of the dead (Pollock 99). The scene depicting the scorpion man indicates the passage through which animals and human beings have to go through before they reach the world of the dead. It is also thought that all the bearded animals are from the land of spirits. The creator of the harp and the sound box is unknown, but it is clear that he/she used the beards to represent continuity and a sense of belonging in all his/her characters. Instruments such as the Bull-headed harp were commonly found in the gravesites of the rich people. It was common practice to play harps such as this one in funerals during the Sumerian period. Also, the depictions of the men in the sound box are by the Sumerian art of this era. For example, the “men in the sound box are depicted in a composite view while the animals are depicted in profile, a common characteristic of Sumerian art” (Kleiner 76). The scenes’ arrangements indicate that the creator of the harp was emphasizing on the religious beliefs of the time where it was believed that man dominates beast. Hence, the heraldic bulls surround a more dominant force of nature (the man). Furthermore, the use of humanlike beasts was a common feature in the Eastern artworks. One of the most significant aspects of this archeological find is that it represents one of the earliest instances of animal personification. The animals in the art scenes are attending a party as human beings would. Furthermore, the Bull-headed lyre depicts one of the earliest instances of narrated scenes. From this piece of archeology, it is also revealed that music was of great importance to Sumerians whether they were living or dead. The elaborate artwork in the harp is evidence of how important music was to the Sumerians. Culture
Cash flow is how a business will receive and spend money at any particular time. In this essence cash flow is a determinant to various important decisions in the organization that have to be considered. They include investing, lending, basic business operations and other supplements. One of the areas where cash flow is important is in basic operations of the business activity. Cash is received or used as a result of the business activities involved in a company. It includes cash gained as compared to the capital in the business. For an organization, its solvency has to be positive. In this case solvency is the state of not being in debt such that the company can sustain itself as noted by Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2004). In operations, we try to determine the things that the business needs to operate on. In my Example I will use the Sarova hotels where we have a worldwide customer base. In this case we have to maintain a constant supply of foodstuff with or without customers. By this, cash flow comes in the sustenance of the hotel to continue being in operation at any one moment in time including when we have an in surge of customers. Cash flow is also important when we are making decisions on investments. Investments include changes in assets of the organization according to Epstein and Eva (2007). Changes may be in the form acquiring new assets or the sale of old ones. For example, when the Sarova group of hotels has run short of customers, it can invest in various fields such as accrual of luxurious facilities to entice the customers or get involved in more advertising locally or overseas. Companies with enough cash at hand are able to invest it back into the business to generate even more cash and make more profit. Another important decision is in financing activities which basically entail reports on the issuance and probable repurchase of the company’s bonds and even stock. It can also encompass payment of dividends accrued on shares and stocks. Sarova hotel being a vast company may want to acquire some of its previously sold out shares or be involved with some charity details. This cannot happen if the company is almost at a dead end. Otherwise it has to be at a higher equity. For financing of any mode to take place the company must ensure that a high cash flow is maintained whether through soliciting for more cash from creditors or involving more credit in the business outsource as noted by Plewa and Friedlob (1995). There are various activities that also do require more knowledge on cash flow. We will refer to them as supplements. According to Epstein and Eva (2007) these may include taxes, interests paid and other exchanges that do not involve cash. In my case, Sarova may want to organize an office end of the year party, pay
Executive Summary In 2010, HSBC, one of the largest investment banks in the world, announced the departure of Mr. Green, its Chairman. The company claimed that it had an extensive succession plan in place, but the subsequent announcement that Mr. Green would be leaving early put the claim into question. There was a power struggle within the company, with the CEO wanting to be promoted to the role with the support of many employees and several candidates competing for the position. The crisis was ultimately resolved satisfactorily, but the business’s stocks dropped throughout it, regardless. This report studies the case and concludes that HSBC failed to prepare for the eventual Chairman succession by training employees who may have the necessary talents. It suggests that the company should have started managing potential successors shortly after the decision to stop automatically appointing the CEO to the position and communicated the decision to all involved actors, obtaining their agreement. Introduction HSBC was a company with a stellar reputation for handling succession, which often leads to power struggles in other corporations. Preparations for structural changes would begin years in advance and follow a strict schedule, ensuring that there would be minimal turbulence throughout the process. However, there were some concerns due to the methods employed to handle succession at the highest level. These misgivings turned out to be appropriate in 2010, as a succession crisis emerged due to a decision to change the standard method used for it. It was ultimately resolved satisfactorily, but as one of the largest banks in the world, HSBC should not have let the situation arise in the first place. This case study will analyze the situation, explain its causes and effects, and propose recommendations that might have alleviated it. Problem Statement HSBC’s difficulties began with the departure of Mr. Green, the
Impact Assessment was conducted at Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, this process enabled the center to identify as many negative impacts as a result of implementing the changes. Serious issues that could arise due to the changes were prepared for and managed during Impact Analysis. During the Impact analysis, a strong team was involved in the brainstorming session and one of the solutions (old Turks) was dropped. The rest of the solutions were accepted and the final report released. Based on the report and the conclusions made, Edgewood Chemical Biological Center will continue on the path it is currently moving along with. The completion of the process, so the need for conducting a Reassessment and Adjustment to look at the changes that will take place as a result of the recommendations (Community Impact Assessment. (n.d.).). During the reassessment and adjustments to the center’s findings and recommendations, there arose the need to consider how the center may help its clients address the issues surrounding the changes recommended. The first accepted and adopted solution’s goal was to ensure a good team of highly qualified Human Resource personnel is put in place, and their department fully supported by the administration to limit the chances of employing incompetent staff. This was after the Impact Analysis showed that this would result in the center having the best of the best staff in their respective fields. The management cost of hiring and managing the HR department was also directly proportional to the benefits in terms of staff productivity. This solution in regards to the center’s clients was received without much a do. However the client and stake holders were wondering how they would be involved in the hiring process. The clients were assured that their representatives in the board of governors were still part of the recruiting team. They were also convinced that the only difference was that the Human Resource department was the body meant to facilitate and enhance the hiring process by following the right procedures in accordance to the law (Impact Analysis – Decision-Making Skills Training from MindTools.com. (n.d.).). The same applied to the major shareholders who are also members of the Board of governors or have representatives in the board. It was concluded that the above parties should always be part of the hiring process. The second accepted and adopted solution was that the Human resource department needed to collaborate with recruiting agencies for the first or initial recruitment process, this would ensure proper filtering of the best candidates to join the center’s staffs as new employees. The est
The case study is about the detection of Bennett Group’s repeated false claims made on the radio show by the company CEO, Dawn Bennett, and subsequent falsification of the company accounts and declaration of fictitious assets. This case study will demonstrate how the fraud was detected and how it could have been prevented. Corporate deception and accounting scandals effectively wipe out billions of dollars of shareholder value. The fraudulent and fictitious account of inflated assets and investors’ profit touted by Dawn Bennett in favor of her company Bennett Group brings forth another episode of corporate scandal. Fraud is defined as a criminal deception through false representations for unjust advantage. Detection of fraud is a continuously evolving discipline (Bolton & Hand, 2002). Statistical analysis is an effective method of detecting fraud. The false touts promoted during the radio show that the Bennett Group’s assets were over $2 billion as compared to the actual figure of $1.1 billion ( SEC , 2015). The inflated assets statement made over t he radio show targeting prospective customers and clients helped them to increase their business. The company CEO deliberately inflated the valuation asset managed by the company in order to inflate their stature and attract new customers. Further, the company falsified their rankings as financial advisors in 2009 and 2011 in Barron’s magazine ( SEC , 2015). Further, the company provided fictitious accounts of assets managed for three companies’ short-term cash management. Such deliberate misrepresentation of their assets, rankings, and business details with the public is an instance of outright fraud. Such fraud can easily be detected through comparison of the auditing of the company accounts and that of the claims made to the public. For instance, in case of Bennett’s radio program, the CEO openly touted about the company’s assets for being $2 billion, which, at that time, was actually $1.1 billion. This was done in at least 18 of the radio shows aired from 2010 to 2011 ( SEC , 2015). Further examination into the short-term asset management claims made by Bennett for three different companies showed that the accounts did match the reality. For instance, the first company for which Bennett claimed to have managed the short-term asset was found to be false. Bennett served as a financial advisor to the first company’s investment committee from 2006 through 2011 for the retirement plan for its employees. The assets managed by Bennett Group for the first company was not more than $40 million. However, the figure was inflated to $706 million ( SEC, 2015). Further discrepancy was also found in the company’s statements about their dealings with the CFO of the first company who had allegedly retired before the period Bennett mentioned she had communicated with him. Such discrepancy instatement also created doubt about the statem