ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Baptism of the Holy Spirit is the situation whereby a believer is brought into union with Christ through the power of the spirit of God, the believer is at the same time brought into union with other believers within the body of Christ during the period of salvation. In the book of 1Corinthians 12:12-13 the issue regarding baptism of the Holy Spirit is deeply discussed “For we were all baptized by one spirit into one body – whether Jews or Greeks, slave or free- and we were all given the one Spirit to drink” 1 Corinthians 12:13. The same sentiments are reflected in Romans 6:1-4 where the believer’s position before God is described in detail is says thus “What shall we say, then? Shall we go on sinning so that grace may increase? By no means! We died to sin; how can we live in it any longer? Or don’t you know that all of us who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life.” The message on the book of first Corinthians 12:13, indicates clearly that all believers have undergone baptism the same way they have been given Spirit to drink which indwells them (Lock 1897, 65-74). The reality of every believer depends on being baptized of the Holy Ghost according to Ephesians 4:5. The baptism of the Holy Ghost in reality joins believers to the body of Christ and at the same time actualizes believers’ co-crucifixion with Christ. The sharing in the body of Christ makes us one with him and therefore considered risen with Him to newness of life (Romans 6:4). The basis for unity within the church revolves around the experience of one Spirit baptism as revealed in the book of Ephesians 4:5. Thus the experience of being associated with Christ in His death and resurrection through Spirit baptism gives the meaning to our nature of separation from the power of sin and being renewed in our daily life (Talbert 1984). In the book of Acts, Apostle Paul challenged believers at that time by asking them if they had received the Holy Ghost since they believed Acts 19:2. This reveals that Paul considered the reality behind the Spirit’s baptism to be one of the mandatory experiences in a believer’s life (Brawley 1987). He further emphasized this to the Ephesians in Eph 5:18. Condition According to the New Testament, every believer is under obligation to obey God’s laws. This is since there is no justification in God’s sight unless one d
Introduction Personality is an individual’s particular combination of behavioral, attitudinal and emotional response patterns. Intellect is the ability of the mind to solve problems and analyze decisions as to what is right, true, wrong and real. All these involve the mental abilities of an individual. The mental abilities of humans evidently change as they get older. An individual’s decline in cognitive functions, attention span and memory are all likely to be age-related. Personality and Intellectual Development in Adults Personality is shaped by personality traits which reflect the constant individual characteristics that set them apart from others. This stability occurs at the stage of maturity. Maturity is the process of personal growth where the individual becomes creative, productive, decisive, and less rigid (Caspi, Roberts & Shiner, 2005). This occurs mostly during adulthood. This allows for personality stability during early adulthood. Adults at this stage are emotionally stable, functionally mature, conscious and agreeable. However, environmental and genetic factors influence this stability with change in age of these individuals. As they grow older, environmental influences include subjection to challenging lifestyle of sometimes getting sick, overworked and stressed (Pearson, 1995). This contributes to a decline in their working memory and cognitive function as adults. It leads to personality instability and change. Personality and intellectual development in adults is the ability to acquire, construct and use this acquired knowledge, memory and cognitive functions in their decision making processes throughout their life. The acquisition and retention of this knowledge is paramount to their personality and intellectual development during adulthood (Annenberg, 2012). Spiritual and moral development plays a major role in shaping personality. Young adults often question their religious beliefs and lessen their religious participation. This leads them to question their belief systems and make decisions to adopt different personality traits which influence personality development. However, in their mid adulthood, some of them often make some changes and adjusts to become stable in marriage, work and reli
Background Product/Company Description Oral-B electric toothbrushes will be the most effective and efficient toothbrush within the US market about ordinary toothbrushes. The reason is that Oral-B electric toothbrushes have physical attributes such as elegance and precision, which are considered by customers as of superior quality. Further, Oral-B electric toothbrushes have electromagnetic characteristics that offer increased competitive advantage over the ordinary toothbrushes. Generally, the auxiliary functions of Oral-B electric toothbrushes suit the customer needs and bring convenience, which is a mixture of value and quality. Besides, the major differentiating factors that will enable the products to capture a sizeable market share include improved features that provide augmented value as well as low pricing strategy targeting the low-income clientele (Kotler and Keller 212). However, the prices of Oral-B electric toothbrushes should be middle-high with some of the products targeting high-end customers, while others are supposed to be made for low and middle incomes. The high-quality low-prices strategy should be applied particularly to outperform the competitors. Also, the product and pricing strategy should be aimed at widening the spectrum of customers the firm is targeting (Solomon 202). Additionally, direct business to customer distribution strategy is the most appropriate and should be applied in dispensing the products to the target clientele. The major advantages of the direct business to customer distribution strategy are in attaining customer feedbacks straightway. Such information is critical in product improvements. Moreover, the direct business to clientele distribution strategy has little effect on the final prices of the product, which provide an additional competitive advantage. Further, informative advertising and promotion strategies through the application of both old and new media should be utilized to increase product awareness. Essentially, through the application of appropriate marketing mix, Ora
According to Hughes, Ginnett, and Curphy (2009), values are among the central factors affecting leadership. Values affect the leader’s choices, his or her view of the problems, as well as attitudes to work, cooperation, risk, and other components of a business (Hughes et al., 2009). Values can also guide leaders in the decision-making process, helping them to distinguish between ethical and unethical actions and to choose the best path for business development (Hughes et al., 2009). The leader’s values also define the workforce of the organization, as leaders usually choose to employ people who align with their vision as well as the company’s goals (Hughes et al., 2009). Hughes et al. (2009) define the key values affecting the leaders, such as recognition, power, hedonism, tradition, and commerce; however, in most cases, the leader’s decisions, views, and behavior are driven by more than one of these values. The case study is an excellent illustration of this idea. Gary Erickson is a founder and CEO of Clif Bar, Inc., which produces and sells sports bars. According to his description provided in the case study, he demonstrates five key values: power, hedonism, altruism, affiliation, and aesthetics. Power Gary has strong power values. As defined by Hughes et al. (2009), leaders that are driven by power “enjoy the competition and being seen as influential, and drive hard to make an impact” (p. 178). Such leaders also value achievement and strive for accomplishments (Hughes et al., 2009). Gary’s Power values were particularly evident in his decision to turn down the $100 million offer from a food corporation, which was because he believed that selling the company would compromise the vision he had for his business. This shows that Gary values the control he has over the company and his role in its accomplishments. The decision has also made him seem more influential, as he preferred the company’s interests over commercial ones. Hedonism Gary’s Hedonism values are also evident in his attitudes toward constructing a working environment. He has made the workplace a fun place to be by providing bikes, dance floor, and gym for his employees. The company also offers personal trainers, massage services, hair salons, dog days, movie nights, and parties. According to Hughes et al. (2009), the leader’s Hedonism values are manifested similarly, as the leaders want the work to be enjoyable, fun, and rewarding; they “like to have fun
Summary Carnival Cruise lines with 11 “Fun Ships” including the famous Carnival Destination Cruise has obtained the place of being the largest cruise company in the world. It has changed the perspectives of people about cruise travelling, from just work and business related travel to enjoyment and adventure. It was started in 1972 by Ted Arison, with the mission to provide a luxurious cruise experience to the passengers (O’Rourke & Gupta, 2011). The rapid fame and growth business was majorly due to its marketing strategies and innovative approach used. It focuses on youngsters and fun loving people, which has resulted in a phenomenal increase in the number of Carnival Cruise passengers. Although, the growing number of passengers has augmented the market share and revenue of the Carnival Cruise, it has also been a reason of great challenges for the cruise, which has to be catered, in order to avoid losing the interest of passengers in cruise (O’Rourke & Gupta, 2011). Critical Issues Technological Issue This is the most critical issue for the Carnival Cruise as the growing usage of technology has bought new challenges for the company. On cruise journey, people have started bringing their laptops and phones through which they wish to stay connected to the world at all times. As a result, the cruise has to expand its communication and the Internet facility on the cruise to satisfy needs of its customers (CISCO, 2010). Competition Carnival Cruise is not the only cruise in the industry that provides fun and luxurious experience and other companies are also competing to gain market share. Therefore, being at the top in the industry, Carnival Cruise has to look for improved marketing strategies and investment plans in order to maintain trust and interest of its passengers (Bazerman, 2011). Expense of Travel The company will certainly be facing the dilemma of increased costs of travelling by cruise. This could result in a decline of potential customers. The expense issue can result in conditions against company’s expectations, which may cause high level loss to the company (O’Rourke & Gupta, 2011). Recommendations Horizontal Integration Horizontal Integration can provide a solution to many problems of the company. Merging the company with a similar brand will help it to get more customers and gain better position in the market. The integration requires high level managerial skills and decision making authority; hence, it needs to be done by owners of the Carnival Cruise after evaluating which company they should merge. Seeing the market competition, the company should take this step within two years before other companies take over its position in the market (Hill & Jones, 2008). Starting new routes The company can start new routes for cruise journeys to provide passengers with a fresh experience and motivate more customers. This requires the managem
Introduction Over the last the decade the US, merchandise export has been declining acutely. The values of the exports share have decreased from 12% to 8.5% in the last decade. According to Mendel (2011), observers have tried to explain the reason for the loss in ground in the import share by claiming that this loss is due to a shift in export activity. The observers claim that the US economy has shifted from commodity market to service oriented market. According to Mendel (2011), this assumption is very wrong since there is no data to support these arguments. Mendel (2011) investigates the factors that have led to that fall in export share in the US. Moreover, he tries to show the role of changing productivity in the US and how it a led to fall of the export share when related to the competitors. Mendel (2011) found two potential alternative factors that could have led to the fall in export share. These two factors included composition of the world trade and the rate of growth in the economy. According to Mendel (2011) if the world increased the trade of goods that the United States did not deal in then consequently there would be a fall in the export share even if the firms in the US remained at the same level of productivity. The fall in export share in the United States however coincides with the fall in price of commodities. Therefore, in the article Mendel (2011) focuses in competition rather than commodity prices. Mendel (2011) observes that it is difficult to attribute the fall in United States export share to a faltering competiveness in US firms. A possible explanation to the fall in export share in the US is that the nation accounts for a relatively small output of the global share. This article therefore presents an alternative way to determine the exporter competitiveness. It shows how the GDP and the export share are related to one another. Moreover, the article tries to explain the reason behind the loss in export market share by the United States using the concept of the GDP and the concept of competition. Matters pertaining to price of the commodity are not addressed extensively in this study and therefore can be seen as an inherent weakness that the author should have addressed. An analysis of strength and weaknesses of this study In order determine the strengths and weaknesses in a study it is good to compare the study with other article in the same category. These articles may express a similar opinion or a different. Articles expressing a similar opinion show that the research is supported and therefore acts to strengthen the opinion advanced. According to Mendel (2011), the article focuses on competiveness of the country and the decline in the US export trade. His opinion is supp
Introduction The Lehman Brothers and Enron are names that are still very memorable in the minds of many Americans. The Lehman Brothers was a company that was one of the biggest employers in the United States. It had about 27,000 employees who directly depended on it for survival. The country also benefited from the revenues generated from this firm as tax (Bonnick, 2010). Enron was another company that was so prosperous in this country and it was expected to be one of those firms that would remain competitive in this industry for a long time. However, this was not to be. In 2001, this firm closed its operation after filing for bankruptcy. It was so dramatic and it took time before the American society finally appreciated the fact that this firm actually fell. The same case was with the Lehman Brothers. This firm was one of the most prosperous in the country, and it was expected that with its continued expansion, it would be in a position to employ more Americans and lower the rate of unemployment. However, the incident that took place in the onset of 2008, which culminated into its closure in September 2008, was a surprise to many. This firm was expected to be operational for years on end. Unfortunately, it bowed out of the market in the most shameful manner. Too-Big-to-Fall is a policy where the government would feel obliged to come to the financial rescue of a firm that is very large and employs large number of people, and therefore its fall would result into a serious economic crisis in the country. In this economic policy, the government would determine the consequence of the fall of the firm and of the amount of money needed to bail out the firm, and if it realizes that the consequence of the fall of the firm would be more devastating to the economy, then it would consider bailing out the firm. This policy has seen various large financial firms rescued during difficult economic times in the country (Goodlet & Howe Institute, 2010). Too-Big-to-Fall policy was meant to ensure that the economy of the country is not interrupted by a fall of a large company that has a huge impact on the economic status of the firm. Most of the beneficiaries of this policy have been financial institutions, especially large banking institutions. This can be attributed to the fact that the financial institutions have direct impact on the economic status of the country, and their fall can result into an instant negative effect on the economy of the country. Some of the renowned financial institutions that have received financial support from the federal government of this country include Bank of America, Citigroup, JP Morgan, and Wells Fargo among others (Green, 2009). Other large firms like AIG, General Motors, and Chrysler also had to be bailed out by the government to help them from eminent fall. Causes of Too-Big-to-Fall Policy Proponents of Too-Big-to-Fall policy argue that s
Introduction This essay analyzes “A Rose for Emily”, its symbolism, main themes, messages, and tone. As the plot of the southern gothic story unfolds, the author uses certain symbols to show us the tragedy of human perishability. “A Rose for Emily”: Themes & Historical Context The end of the Civil War in 1865 brought many changes to the states of the South. The Old South, with its agrarian-based economy, and its residents were facing a dilemma. Should they adapt to these changes or try to continue with their social order and economy model? This time of changes is when the story takes place. Jefferson, Mississippi, is the setting of “A Rose for Emily”. Almost all of the townspeople there have decided to adapt to the changes except for one resident Emily Grierson, who dislikes the New South and refuses to get used to the new way of life. Emily’s refusal to accept this new reality means that she clings to the social conventions which no longer exist, isolating herself from both the townspeople of Jefferson and their new lifestyle. This isolation reflects the main theme of “A Rose for Emily” – that is the necessity to adapt to changes brought upon us. From my point of view, Emily represents the reluctance to changes typical for some parts of the American society of that time. W. Faulkner effectively uses the events surrounding the main character to emphasize his message of adaptation that is necessary for us all and additionally introduces some vivid symbols in “A Rose for Emily” to describe her motivations and emotions behind her actions. Stability and resistance to change are the main features of Ms Grierson’s character that develop during her younger years and that define her attitudes during her whole life. The only leaders Emily recognizes are the once-and-forever established authorities of her father and Colonel Sartoris. Even after their death, Emily continues to insist on their existence. She does not recognize the fact that her father is not alive any longer, and she refers to the tax committee to the long-deceased Colonel Sartoris, who once relieved her of city taxes (Faulkner). Living in the past, Emily denies the present and the innovations it brings. Her mansion is the only building in the city that does not have “the metal numbers above her door and … a mailbox” (Faulkner). Moreover, it is the only old house in the neighborhood that has become obliterated and turned into “an eyesore among eyesores,” a ridiculous monument to the past colonial grandeur. It is noteworthy, however, that Miss Grierson’s commitment to the old ideals is not accidental and is dictated by the conditions of her life and upbringing. Raised in arrogance to the rest of the society, Emily Grier
Introduction In the early 19 th Century, a robust Reformation movement dubbed the Stone-Campbell movement sought to restore the ancient gospel to the whole Christendom. The movement comprised of religious factions dissenting mainstream doctrines to pursue freedom in worship based on the New Testament faith. However, fractures in the 20 th Century due to the inability to resolve theological differences resulted in distinct movements with conflicting views on issues of worship. The fractures could be ascribed to the conflicting theological perspectives on the application of the Restoration hermeneutic in the church. Therefore, in attempting to unify denominations, Alexander Campbell just created more denominations, including the Christian Churches, Churches of Christ, and Disciples of Christ. Background and Early Life of Campbell Alexander Campbell spent his early life in Ireland before immigrating into the USA. He was born in 1788 to Thomas and Jane Campbell. 1 Alexander’s early doctrinal views could be attributed to his family setup and university education in Scotland. His father, Thomas Campbell, was an ordained Presbyterian Church minister and a proprietor of a school where A. Campbell studied. In 1808, the family temporarily settled in Glasgow, Scotland, on route to the US. In Glasgow, Campbell enrolled at the University of Glasgow where he studied philosophy, Greek, and literature. 2 While at the university, Campbell first learnt about the foundations of Reformed theology and Renaissance. 3 In 1809, Campbell faced a spiritual crisis over Presbyterian Communion practices. He refused to partake in the Presbyterian Communion, effectively severing ties with this church. After arriving in the USA and reuniting with his father, Campbell reformation agenda gained momentum. The Campbells first renounced Presbyterianism through the Declaration and Address of the Christian Association of Washington. 4 This action set the foundations for the reformation movement and aberrant doctrinal views. In 1811, the Association was transformed into the Brush Run Church with Thomas and Alexander as ordained as its elder and preacher, respectively. The new church sought to bring unity across denominational lines, but it differed doctrinally with the Redstone Baptist Association on theological issues such as