ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Success or failure of implementation of innovation in healthcare depends on many factors which determine the efficiency of government healthcare policy. When it comes to large and nation-scale projects of reform and renovation, the government and its policies have a direct influence on whether or not these reforms will work or not while on a micro-scale factors such as a compatibility, observability, complexity, and relative advantage for particular innovations determine their success. A comprehensive approach is required to make an innovation last. In the paper at hand, the Three Box Solution is used to review the existing innovations based on their effectiveness at the present moment and their sustainability in the future. The innovations around various issues in healthcare as outlined in the robotic surgery reveal that government policy plays a pivotal role in the process. A review of the London HASU units indicates that government policy is critical in establishing funding and also providing the expertise required for monitoring and evaluating innovations in healthcare. The review of the American Health Reforms and the Brazilian Government handling of the HIV pandemic reveals that government commitment as established through its policy initiatives can lead to the success or failure of healthcare innovations. Healthcare Innovation and Government Policy Modern medicine is a scientific field that is considered to be driven by innovation. Healthcare personnel are well versed with the rigours of research and as a result, they have created a pool of ideas that can be applied to drive the innovation agenda in health to greater heights. However, even with the increasingly growing number of resources that could facilitate the initiation of both small-scale and large-scale healthcare innovations, there is still a delay in the implementation of strategies to drive innovation. Bureaucratic processes and elaborate need for verification procedures to ensure the safety of the innovations stand out as the main hindrances to the process of innovation in healthcare. Lack of adequate financing is another obstacle that the researchers typically have to overcome concerning healthcare innovations, a situation that is dependent on government policies. At the centre of these two main challenges are government operations driven by the policies that it rolls out concerning healthcare innovation. One of the fundamental roles that policies play is to create a path for the distribution of funds and allocation of budget money towards its numerous branches, including healthcare. Even when the government does not have direct control over healthcare organizations and facilities, it still has the power to introduce laws and policies that have the potential to either inhibit or promote innovation. As a result, government action or inaction based on its policy decisions can either promote innovation in healthcare or stifle any progress in this area. The goal of this paper is to analyze the extent to which different innovations in healthcare can be nurtured through government policy. Healthcare Innovations Innovations in healthcare constitute cha
The effectiveness of business management determines the success of every company. Every leader in an organization should consider the best practices in order to empower and motivate his or her employees. Most of the issues and theories discussed in class can help managers achieve their organizational goals. These practices will mentor and empower every employee. This essay examines how the film “Office Space” depicts most of the ideas and topics discussed in class. The targeted topics in the essay are as follows: leadership, managing innovation and change, and understanding personal behaviors. The first topic identifiable in the film is managing change and innovation. The film explains how Bill Lumbergh has remained callous. The vice president has failed to manage change and innovation in the firm. He mistreats his employees such as Michael Bolton, Peter Gibbons, and Samir Nagheenanajar. This film explains how this leader has failed to promote and manage the best organization changes in the company. The company uses old equipment. This situation affects the level of business performance. This weakness does not support innovation at the company. The other challenge is the inability to understand human behaviors. Every two people will portray different values and behaviors. This fact explains why every leader should identify and understand every person’s behavior in an organization. The film explains how the
Introduction Sociological theories are a group of connected ideas that create an opportunity for systematization of knowledge within a social society. The knowledge received here is then applied to the social world to make predictions of what is likely to happen in the future. Sociology being part of social sciences, it enables the process of analyzing the way of lives of human beings, the causes of their behaviors, and most probably realize how they are likely to behave in the future (Murphy, 2008). The various disciplines of sociology define the clear interaction of people in their social lives. Through these discipline still, it is possible to understand why human beings live and organize themselves as a one big society. This essay paper will be discussing about how certain aspects of sociology such as functionalism, conflict and interactionism affect the social setting of education. The analysis of the education institution and its structure would be done, and the factors that lead to formation of such social settings. Although education in the society is related with all positive outcomes, several theorists have different views concerning it both negative and positive. Racism is one of negative outcome gotten from education system as well as status in the society From the beginning, education has been very important in our society. Much value has been placed on the education institutions both big and small, as they are very crucial to anyone’s life (Ballantine, 2007). Through education, people learn positive attitudes, good moral values, and behaviors that are acceptable by every one in the society. Educational institutions are seen as places for human endeavor to come up with greater opportunities in people’s future. To some other people in society, education is seen as a capable path through which one can overcome handicaps, achieve social equality, and acquire wealth and high-level status in the society. For a long duration of time, the impact of education to the society has faced several challenges and continuous arguments.
Introduction Psychometric tests developed quickly during the 1980s and 1990s and nowadays, it is very commonly used by many organizations for making decisions on selection and promotion. The psychometric tests are a useful tool for understanding more about the candidates and finding out their aptitude and personality to support the organization in making a prediction about the person’s behavior or work performed in the future. Types of Psychometric Tests “A key feature of all psychometric tests is that they have to fulfill two principal criteria in use: reliability, i.e., tests must provide consistent results when measuring the same characteristics, or factors, on two or more occasions, usually on a test-retest basis; validity, i.e. they must be able to measure what they claim to measure.” (Laurie, 2005) The psychometric tests fall into two types:   * Aptitude tests – Measure a person’s potential rather than knowledge and how well they can learn new skills to cope with the job. The tests mostly focus on the person’s numerical, verbal, non-verbal, and spatial ability. It is different from the attainment tests because it helps to predict the performance of the person, whereas the attainment tests focus on the person’s achievement in the past. However, there is a link between the attainment tests and ability tests because what the person has achieved depends on his/her ability.   * Personality questionnaires – Focus on the person’s personality, values, interests, etc. The tests involve finding out and analyzing how people deal with things, their attitude, and how they will behave in different situations. The tests normally don’t have a time limit, and there are no “right” or “wrong” answers. Back in 400 BC, Hippocrates from Greece was the first theorist to measure the differences between individuals’ personalities. He believed that an individual’s personality or temperament was determined by their bodily fluids or ‘humor’, i.e. yellow bile – choleric – aggressive, excitable, irritable. Another type of theory was developed by William Sheldon (1898-1970,) he believed that the temperament of people was related to their physique, i.e. the ectomorph type, people who are thin, shy, creative, and intelligent, the mesomorph type, which a
Introduction Pfiesteria piscicida is a single-cell, a microscopic organism found in the environment for millions of years (Goodis 369). Pfiesteria piscicida is a comparatively small, lightly armored, heterotrophic dinoflagellates found commonly in estuarine waters (Steidinger et al. pp. 661-665, Parrow and Burkholder pp. 678-696). This paper focuses to bring out classification, ancestry, and evolution, adoptions, life cycle, and behaviors of Pfiesteria piscicida. According to Burkholder Pfiesteria piscicida has always been naturally present in the estuaries and tidal rivers of North Carolina. It is only recently about a decade back that these have become a serious cause of concern due to their morph into a toxic fish killer. Since its discovery, Pfiesteria piscicida it is reported that it has killed more than one billion fish (Barker). Classification Dinoflagellates are a group of microscopic one-celled microorganisms. These are in general classified both botanically and zoologically, but they are typically put in the botanical division Pyrrhophyta. Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria -like species are thinly armored forms with motile dinospore stages characterized by their distinct plate formulae. Pfiesteria piscicida is the best-known member of the genus (Steidinger et al. pp. 661-665). Most are free-swimming and are plant-like, that is, they can obtain energy by photosynthesis. Though in general dinoflagellates are considered nontoxic organisms, Pfiesteria piscicida, is an exception to that rule. It is toxic and can be both plant-like by performing photosynthesis and animal-like by consuming other organisms (mtholyoke.edu). Evolution Several researchers have worked on the evolutionary process of Pfiesteria piscicida. Dinoflagellates are believed to have close links with ciliates and apicomplexans at the ultrastructure level. This is mainly because of the similar organelle structures like the tubular mitochondrial cristae, type of spindle, rod-shaped trichocysts, and cortical vesicles, and also similarities at the genetic level (Litaker et al. pp. 1379–1389). Additionally, Dinoflagellates specifically have a dikaryon nucleus with continually condensed chromosomes all through their life cycle. With the support of the fossil record, Fensome et al. proposed a possible phylogenetic scenario or tree. According to this, structurally, unarmored dinoflagellates with unfilled cortical vesicles (hundreds) preceded armored forms in the evolutionary process. Later the armored forms evolved from groups having many plates i.e. vesicles filled with polysaccharide plate material to those having only a few plates that are commonly found in the order Prorocentrales. Several arguments still need to be satisfied. According to this evolutionary process, the placement of Pfiesteria and rel
This article presents research aspects about e-finance influencing financial service businesses and financial markets. The authors contend that the arrival of the internet, as well as other electronic communications, has deeply changed numerous features of the financial industry. The article reviews the position of e-finance around the world by analyzing its impact on firms offering financial services and on the financial markets. The article has successfully reviewed the implications of e-finance on customer and investor protection, its regulation, competition strategy, and international public policy. The authors back their outcomes by analyzing financial organizations and industries that make the extensive utilization of the internet and other electronic communications. This assessment evidences that the application of electronic communication has stimulated the provision of financial services. This has further been backed by over one hundred scholars who have positively cited this article in their studies. This article examines the connection between information technology and the shift of financial operations. The authors assess the geographical claim of firms for customer service relations. The project of this article is to consider the field in which information technology changes the applicable importance of localized profits against unit costs in the firm’s location and renting choices. The authors successfully employ a mathematical framework to evaluate the balance between an organization’s profits and unit costs to attain investigational assumptions regarding the impact of information technology in making decisions. I find the article favorable, but other scholars have not cited it perhaps because it was issued recently. The authors investigate the circumstances under which companies are likely to chase equity investment in new undertakings as a way of obtaining inventive ideas. The authors concentrate on a single approach available for companies to obtain external knowledge. They investigate the circumstances under which reputable companies source innovative concepts through ventures in external business undertakings. The article utilizes a wide-ranging archival literature approach that examines the antecedents and impacts of external research and development costs. The authors conclude that established companies may opt to tap into the information yielded by novel undertakings as a way of improving their new ideas. Over two hundred scholars have cited this article by advancing the idea that business ventures are expected to be the source of highly important and inventive ideas. The journal demonstrates the distinctiveness of information technology outsourcing in the financial service sector and proposes a decision model, which can assist companies to reduce their risks. The paper concludes that both administrative demands, in conjunction with the need for innovation and shifting in technological aspects, as well as cost management,
Introduction The article under consideration dwells upon a recent research concerning rating attractiveness (Queens College, 2009). The article reveals the major findings of the researchers. More than four thousand participants took part in the research. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 70. The participants were rating attractiveness of people depicted on photographs. The researchers found that there was “much more consensus” among males when rating attractiveness (Queens College, 2009). It was also reported that men paid more attention to physical characteristics of females, whereas women were less concerned with such characteristics. Interestingly, it was found that both men and women tend to find attractive people who looked more confident. It is also important to note that age is reported to play significant role in rating, since older people tend to find smiling people more attractive. The key assumption of the research claim Thus, the major claim of the researchers is that the present research can have numerous implications “for the different experiences and strategies that could be expected for men and women in the dating marketplace” and “for eating disorders and how expectations regarding attractiveness affect behavior” (Queens College, 2009). Admittedly, people’s behaviour is shaped by many factors. The key assumption that men and women behave in different ways in the “dating marketplace” is based on the researcher’s claim that men and women differently rate attractiveness. For instance, females are preoccupied with their appearance because they are aware of the fact that males judge females’ attractiveness in terms of physical characteristics. Viability of the claim It is important to state that the article under consideration provides enough information to assume that the researchers’ claim is viable. The article provides the key information about the research methodology. Admittedly, the number of participants and their age can be regarded as suffice for making viable claim. However, it is also necessary to point out that the article only mentions some of the findings which support the researcher’s claim. For instance, the article reports that the researchers came to the conclusion that the difference in rating of attractiveness influences people’s behaviour. Nevertheless, this claim requires more detailed description. The article does not reveal all facts supporting the researchers’ claim. It goes without saying that the reader
Learning vocabulary can sometimes become a tricky thing, one that can make even a devoted learner step back and reconsider his or her own strengths and capabilities. Teaching vocabulary, however, can be even more complicated because the tutor always needs to strike a balance between the useful but dull information and maintaining the student’s interest. While grammar and sentence structure are immensely important, it is the word that carries the basic meaning, and the ability to hear, comprehend and reproduce the new words will have a great impact on further understanding and learning of the language. There are many ways of teaching the vocabulary, but most of them are variations of the same archetypical examples that most teachers use in their practice in one way or another. In fact, it would be best to try as many approaches as possible, because students actually need to be exposed to a new word in many ways, in order to grasp its meaning and understand where and how to use it. The key points in understanding and remembering the word are listening and pronunciation, which is closely related to phonology and phonetics. When a tutor teaches a student how to pronounce a new word, he or she has to deal with the great influence of a student’s mother tongue. Suzanne Irujo (n.d.), and author of the article on teachin g reading to English learners, notes that being literate in one’s first language can become an advantage in learning English; moreover, when the students are already familiar with phonetics and are literate in their native language, will be able to transfer these skills to other language studies (par. 1-40). The next step in learning new vocabulary is to learn the definition of the word. At first, the best practice would be to introduce only the basic meanings of the word, limited by two or three most common meanings, if such exist. The context, in this case, should be very helpful as it allows the students to try and guess the meaning of the word on their own, in fact, it is a well-known technique for translator training. An experienced translator might able to guess about 10% words from context, but such exercise may be useful for any level of studies. A lucky guess may stir up the student’s interest and encourage another try. The use of synonyms and antonyms, for example, while playing, can give better results for material revision and redundancy. In fact, games and gaming methods during the lessons today has gained popularity even among the teachers of adult groups. The editor of Simulation & Gaming Journal, David Crookall (2007) reports on the topic: Nowadays, the use of simulation/gaming methods in language acquisition is wide-spread and encouraged. Thousands of teaching books at all levels now include various forms of role-playing, games, simulations, and other exercises. … [it] has become a hallmark of quality and creativity and is seen as a “guarantee” that learners would become involved, and perhaps even learn.
The Toyota Way is a set of principles guiding the Toyota Company, through maintaining leadership and installing the values of the company into its corporate culture. The principles imply the excellence in every aspect of business, from technological processes to management and innovations. The core of the Toyota’s philosophy is summarized in five components, which are continuous improvements, searching for the source of the problem when developing a solution, challenging oneself to improve, emphasis on team work and company’s interests, and respect (Nelson & Quick, 2009). The significance of this philosophy is that the philosophy is followed and integrated into the company’s distinctive culture. The Toyota Motor Corporation is a multinational company headquartered in Japan and led by Akio Toyoda. With approximately 320,808 employees worldwide, the company is currently the world’s largest car manufacturer with 8,547,000 cars sold around the world, as of March 2008 (2009b). The presence in the United States can be represented through the company’s direct investments which constitute about $17.4 Billion (Toyota, 2009a). With a strong multinational presence and enormous financial investments, the leading role in the company’s success is given to the company’s customer-oriented approach, which is reflected through its employees and its culture. In that regard, the company’s main asset and competitive advantage can be understood rephrasing one of its competitors, a representative of General Motors, where he stated that stopping Toyota can be achieved only by destroying its culture (Nelson & Quick, 2009, p. 574). The company’s foundation can be dated to 1937, when the Toyota Motor Co., Ltd was established by Kiichiro Toyoda. The establishment of the company was preceded by researches in the area of automobile engines, which major achievements include Toyoda Model G Automatic Loom and small gasoline-powered engine (Toyota, 2009b). Other significant dates in Toyota’s timeline include the merger of Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. and Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd into Toyota Motor Corporation in 1982. Nevertheless, a huge year for the Toyota Company can be considered 2008, when the company displaced General Motors(GM) for the position of the world’s number one automaker, a position that was held by GM for more than 70 years (Tierney, 2009). The company’s motives for self excellence and focus on the customer, in addition to the economical advantage, lies in their firm belief that quality is not a negotiable factor. The aforementioned statement can be confirmed through the way Toyota manages its misfortunes. While other companies might seek excuses for the presence of flaws i