ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
How Online Articles Influence the Way We Understand Violence The interplay between media and crime is a fascinating phenomenon. Crime in itself is a complex social phenomenon but if one will combine crime and mass media, the resulting media-crime nexus will greatly influence the way people view crime and how they respond to it. The TV networks as well as the Internet work in conjunction to strengthen the interaction of crime and media. There are two popular stories available in the World-Wide-Web. The first deals with Raoul Moat and the second talks about the experiences of Captain Jeremy Hahn in Kandahar, Afghanistan (The Official British Army Blog 2010). These two men are involved in a life of violence and most people have access to their lives because of news articles and other sources of information made available by online newspapers, magazines or blogs. Their stories are different and similar at the same time because they share the same subject matter but at the same time they produce different effects especially when it comes to how the general public comes to interpret violence. In both stories the media and the Internet played a major role in shaping the opinion of the general public. First of all, the similarities, for there are many. In both stories one can easily see that both are popular at least when it comes to those who have access to the media and the Internet. These people are able to read the stories and many are tuning in to know more about what happened to Moat and to Hahn but not only that they are now able to interact. This is a new dimension of the World-Wide-Web whereas before it was all about consuming content, today the users are able to create a community and communicate with each other (Hargrave & Livingstone 2009). Although more attention was given to the sensationalised story of Moat it can also be said that many are following the exploits of Hahn and his fellow British soldiers. Their popularity can be attributed to the power of media and the Internet. The capability of the m
Introduction Rapid globalization has brought to our attention the influence of modernity and urbanization on different aspects of our social, political, and economic lives. Atagok (4) says that because there is an expanding pressure of globalization in different aspects of our lives, everything is subject to a reevaluation and change. This outcome puts our traditional cultural views of art and literature at crossroads with new ideas on the same. Additionally, it creates a clash between the norms, values, beliefs, and practices that have inspired artistic creativity in conservative societies and in liberal societies (Atagok 4). The clash between contemporary issues and universal value systems has emphasized the need to reevaluate our ideas about the bridge between what we understand as traditional norms, contemporary issues, and modern values. Similarly, from the same realization, we are forced to discuss different social and political issues that focus on a reexamination of the center vs. the periphery, the East vs. the West, and the local vs. the universal (Atagok 4). In a cultural and artistic context, these reviews bring to our attention the need to reexamine the creative process and reevaluate different pieces of artwork that were previously done by non-western participants with those done by new crops of artists who do not want to conform to past prejudices and norms surrounding participation in art. The reexamination of issues pertaining to the creativity of different groups of artists stems from a reevaluation of the same issue by people who would have otherwise not questioned such issues in the first place. Stemming from the global trend that has promoted equality of rights in different aspects of our social, economic, and political lives, including race, sex, country, religion, and sex, there has been a resurgence of a push to reexamine the same force of equality in mainstream art (Harris par1). This problem partly stems from the near-absence of women in mainstream art in certain parts of the world (mostly conservative societies). Despite its scope and influence in this century, some sections of our society still do not understand how art and equality forces shape our understanding of contemporary, traditional, cultural and patriarchal norms we use to comprehend specific aspects of our lives. Indeed, in some instances, some of these forces conflict with our traditional views of gender, politics, art, science,
Introduction When one hears the term “Global Warming”, different ideas come to mind. Many people associate global warming with high temperatures, industrial revolution, factories, and pollution. Global warming is affecting all regions and areas that are parts of this earth. It makes them warmer and warmer by time (Bo et al., 2009). What happens to your ice cream in a hot weather? It melts of course. Now imagine the ice cream as a habitat or a region. This scenario would be the frigid region of the earth. I was curious about the effects of this global climatic change on the polar regions of the earth. Polar Regions are located at the North and South Pole of the earth, and they are made up of the polar icecaps. North Pole and South Pole are also called Arctic region and Antarctic region correspondingly. The percentage of ice thickness in these regions is decreasing with time due to warmer weathers. When these frozen areas melt, they cause many serious changes to the environment (Bo et al., 2009). Thus, this topic has become a controversial issue amongst people. The meltdown of the South and North poles caused by global warming has negative effects on the Polar Regions to the extent that it destroys ecosystems, leads some animals to extinction, and affects the entire world negatively. Despite the numerous negative effects of global warming on the Polar Regions, it also has some positive effects. For instance, global warming has led to the emergence of new varieties of vegetation as well as migration of animals into areas that they were once not habiting (Fyfe et al., 2007). Despite this scenario, global warming has led to devastating effects in the Polar Regions leaving the area inhabitable only not for plants and animals, but also for people living in the regions. This paper looks at the effects of global warming in Polar Regions. Effects of global warming The impacts of global warming in the Polar Regions are so clear and have severe repercussions that they led to the institution of the International Polar Year. Some of the undertakings during this year included exploring the polar ecosystem to understand how it responded to environmental changes like global warming. From the onset of the industrial revolution, the Polar Regions have witnessed significant environmental changes (Haeberli & Burn, 2002). The amount of temperature in the region has significantly increased making the regions record high rate of snowmelt ever. Besides, temperature changes have made it hard for some animals and vegetations to thrive in the regions leading to their decline while some are facing extinction. Global warming has led to destruction of infrastructural facilities in the polar region, especially in the Arctic region. A wide area of the Arctic comprises of a ground covered by permafrost. The pe
Decision making refers to a process of identifying alternatives based on the principles and partiality of the decision maker, evaluating and choosing one than fits goals and situation best. Unstructured decisions are those that one has to provide judgment and solution on a problem. These decisions are critical, non-routine with no stipulated procedure for making them. Structured decisions are repetitive, routine with a stipulated procedure. There are four kinds of computer systems that provide support to semi-structured and unstructured decision making. They include: Management information systems, which provides regular reports, and review of data at transaction- level to operational-level managers offering effective solutions to semi-structured decision problems. They generate fixed and recurrent information based on data from the firm’s systems. Decision-support systems merge analytical model with set data, queries for interactive support and scrutiny for line managers in their semi-structured decision situations. Executive support systems give support to senior management in making unstructured decisions. It takes into consideration both external information and internal information. Group decision-support systems provide a group electronic platform where groups or teams can co-operatively make decisions and draw solutions jointly for unstructured and semi-structured problems. Computerized decision support benefits firms in meeting their goals. It enables companies to operate in a fast changing market environment, curb difficulties in tracking numerous business operations. Project Description Make It Work was founded by Eric Greenspan and Jeremy Anticouni in 2001. Their aim was to offer personalized technology services to digital homes with instance response on customers’ problems. It deals with personal computers, home networks, home theaters, online backup, internet security and safety, gaming systems, financial software, mobile devices, printers, iPods among other technological devices. The real-time responsiveness and delivering of super
Introduction By the 19 th century, The Middle East was suffering significantly from the political and religious conflicts that were tearing it asunder, which continued to the early 20 th century. The confrontation between the Sunnis and the Safavids took its toll on the quality of political relationships within the specified area. As a result, The Middle East experienced a gradual decentralization of political power. 1 However, while the internal conflicts within the region also played an important part in decentralizing power in The Middle East, European Imperialism also contributed to the specified phenomenon due to the rapid economic expansion into the specified setting. Although it would be wrong to attribute the political decentralization of The Middle East to a single factor, there is a direct connection between the early 20th-century European Imperialism and the dissipation of the political power in The Middle East occurring roughly at the same time. This paper will start with the identification of the signs of political changes in the Middle East. Afterward, the impact of European Imperialism on the Middle East and its decentralization process will be explored. The outcomes of the specified phenomenon will be discussed, after which a conclusion will be provided. During the analysis, books coverin
Basics & Goals Air New Zealand is a reputable organization, and it should invest some efforts in promoting diversity among its workforce. The company’s official website demonstrates that the task is to provide Māori and Pasifika individuals with better employment and promotion opportunities (Air New Zealand, n.d.). That is why an awareness-based training workshop that addresses unconscious bias is under consideration. This activity generally aims at promoting multiculturalism at the workplace, but three specific goals are also considered. Firstly, a task is to ensure that ethnic majorities in Air New Zealand have adequate knowledge of Māori and Pasifika. Secondly, this process will result in the fact that people from these minorities will not face discrimination. Finally, the workshop will increase the Māori and Pasifika representation at the management level. Logistics Sufficient attention should be devoted to areas of the workshop logistics. This event will be organized for heads of departments, and these managers will then distribute the information to their subordinates. The current managers from Māori and Pasifika communities will lead the workshop. One classroom will be necessary to host a lecture, while an office cafeteria or lounge area will be used for an interactive component. Thus, the Trainers will present theoretical information from their personal experience and reputable sources (Matika et al., 2021). The interactive event will allow the participants to get acquainted with Māori and Pasifika cuisine. The entire workshop will last for approximately 90 minutes, where an hour will be devoted to the interactive component. Workshop Agenda The workshop is designed to meet specific objectives that will be beneficial for Air New Zealand. While an educational session provides the participants with theoretical information, an interactive component allows for supporting the obtained knowledge through physical experience. It is necessary to explain that a 30-minute lecture will also rely on PowerPoint slides to present the history of Māori and Pasifika and what challenges these minorities face. Simultaneously, the “cultural day” with food at work will be a positive experience for the participants, and this approach will help them better remember the information. Sarma (2021) also indicates that such an event can contribute to a friendlier and more productive environment at the workplace. Evaluation & Purpose It is necessary to understand how the workshop will be evaluated when it is only going to be implement
Religious exclusivism is the belief by members of a particular religion or a group that only believers of their faith will see heaven, and other people who believe in other faiths will be condemned to hell. A more moderate view of the religious exclusivism doctrine states that believers of a particular religion will only attain salvation while non-believers will not achieve such a status (Peterson et al., 2014). In contrast, universalism holds the view that all people will eventually receive the blessings of God no matter their faith. While religious exclusivism may demonstrate higher dedication and belief in one faith, it may bread dangerous religious extremism that could justify evil or genocidal acts against people of other faiths. Religious exclusivism manifests primarily in Abrahamic religions in various ways. For instance, in Hebrew, at the core of the concept of “the chosen one” is a belief that anyone who does not subscribe to the Jewish faith will not see the promised “world to come.” In Christianity, religious exclusivism manifests in various ways. The Catholic Church and other denominations, for instance, teach that only those who follow true faith will enter the Kingdom of heaven while non-adherents of the faith will go to hell (Peterson et al., 2014). Religious exclusivism is also apparent in Islam. Accordingly, the Islam faith, “the people of the book” described in the Quran as sincere Jews and Christians, will see paradise while people of other faiths and the ungodly Jews and Christians will have nothing to see Allah nor enter paradise. Historically, kings, warriors, and heads of state have used religious exclusivism to justify acts of cruelty and war, bans against marriages, and persecution for people who do not profess the same faith as them. However, while religious exclusivism may lead to negative consequences, people can practice religious exclusivism today without causing harm or infringing on the rights of other people of different faiths. Additionally, all religions on the planet encourage some level of religious exclusivism where other religions are recognized as legitimate but not true religions. Religious exclusivism did not emerge with the emergence of religion but was a carrying over of the tribalism and clan system entrenched in traditional communities that viewed other tribes and clans as inferior, enemies, or less human. In the traditional sense, t
The considered issue of the water crisis in Jordan is a pressing problem not only for the state itself but also for nearby countries. In particular, the facts about enmity with Israel exacerbate the local political situation, and in the face of the shortage of this valuable natural resource, the struggle for control over the Dead Sea becomes fiercer (www #1). At the same time, this previously large water area is shrinking, and the countries have to make additional efforts to preserve it. Therefore, this issue is relevant in the context of the Jordanian crisis. Regarding the problem of Syrian refugees, the situation is also ambiguous and requires an immediate solution. About 660,000 people from the nearby country have moved to Jordan over the past five years, and since then, the situation has become more difficult, particularly in the north of the state (www #2). The demand for clean and drinking water has increased, while no new sources have emerged there. As a result, foreign policy differences have become another factor that entailed the crisis. The role of climate change as one of the main causes of water scarcity in Jordan is an essential mentioning. The increase in temperature, which leads to a constant need for moisture, has exceeded all permissible norms, and compared with the period 1981-2000, the number and duration of dry periods have doubled (www #3). Water in reservoirs also cannot be the way of solving the problem since it is at an all-time low — “only one-fifth full” (www #3). As a result, rare rains do not contribute to an increase in reserves, and the state is forced to look for additional methods to supply the population with clean water. Works Cited  1. Jordan’s Water Crisis is Made Worse by a Feud with Israel . Web.  2. To Prevent Water Shortages, Jordan Must Act Without Delay . Web.  3. Climate Change: Jordan Water Crisis “To Get Worse” . Web.
The government of BC, Canada has committed financially to improving senior’s care. Should this money be used to enhance the current residential care system or should the focus change to improve community care? Taking care of people of advanced age is among the key tasks of healthcare all over the world, and the government of British Columbia allocates a lot of money to health institutions to improve senior’s care (Silversides, 2011). There are numerous problems related to the current residential care system, but it is important to use this money to improve community care and, therefore, reduce the number of older adults who enter residential care facilities when it is not necessary. Current reports devoted to the quality of healthcare indicate that every fifth patient in residential care facilities in Canada could be kept at home (Yourex-West, 2017). The problem is inextricably connected with access to home-based services, and it is pivotal to use the funding to increase access to home help services for elderly people. How could the presence and activity of residents’ councils contribute to equity in long-term care? Equity in long-term care presents an important problem in Canada as it is affected by staff shortage, unequal access to medications and equipment, and other factors. The presence of residents’ councils in Canada can contribute to equity in long-term care because such councils are able to represent and defend the interests of all members. Organizing residents’ councils in various healthcare facilities, patients can initiate open discussions to attract the attention of staff and even the government to their concerns. Some members of residents’ councils can speak on behalf of other patients in long-term care facilities, and cases of discrimination can be reported to medical superintendents directly (Ontario Association of Residents’ Councils, n.d.). Therefore, the existence and support of residents’ councils encourage many patients to talk openly about discrimination and poor-quality services. Armstrong, Armstrong, and Daly (2012) present a list of indicators they feel should be used to inform policy and measure the equity of a welfare state. Imagine you are working at the Ministry of Health developing a framework for evaluating equity in long-term care. What indicators would you suggest and what is your rationale? Measuring equity in healthcare is among extremely significant tasks, and there is a range of ideas concerning the best indicators to fulfill this task. The authors of the mentioned article propose a list of indicators; for further development of effective healthcare policies, it can be important to pay close attention to the perceptions of patients in long-term healthcare facilities. Indicators that could be used to improve current healthcare policies and, therefore, promote equity in long-term care include
The present paper looks into various issues concerning solar energy, such as main solar radiations, PV capacity, Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies and energy storage materials, among others. Main Solar Radiations Solar radiations entail the electromagnetic radiations emitted by the sun, with the three main types including ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation and visible light (Rahim et al., 2012). Pyranometer A typical pyranometer, which consists of a white disk for constraining acceptance angle to 180 degrees and two concentric hemispherical transparent covers made of glass, is mostly used in not only measuring the global solar irradiance incoming from a 2 π solid angle on a planar surface, but also the diffuse solar irradiance ( G d ) provided that the contribution of the direct beam is eliminated (Rahim et al., 2012). Installed PV Capacity Available statistics demonstrate that Germany is the world’s top country in terms of installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity, with 7.6 gigawatts (GW) of newly connected systems (Mason et al., 2013). LCOE This abbreviation means the Levelized Cost of Energy, and is typically used to compare the cost of solar generated electricity produced by alternative means such as PV technology against electricity generated using traditional sources to come up with the price at which energy must be traded to break even over the lifetime of the technology (Branker et al., 2011). The LCOE has embedded assumptions, including “Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) and meteorology of a particular location, as well as more general assumptions about the life of a plant and construction period, interest rate, and capital and operating rates” (Hinkley et al., 2011 p. 5). Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Technologies Owing to the fact that nearly all of the world’s electricity is generated by first heating a fluid, CSP technologies denote yet another means of generating a hot fluid by focusing the radiation either along a line or at a point, which can then be used downstream in conventional power generation equipments such as steam turbines or stirling engines (Hinkley et al., 2011). Most Mature CSP Technology Among the known CSP technologies (e.g., Parabolic Trough, Fresnel Reflector, Solar Tower and Solar Dish), the Parabolic Trough is the most commercially viable CSP technology and is based on parabolic mirrors that concentrate the sun’s rays on heat receivers located on the focal line (IEA-ETSAP and IRENA, 2013). Shams I CSP Plant The electric power of the Shams 1 CSP plant, which is located in the United Arab Emirates and uses the Parabolic Trough CSP technology, is 100MW (IEA-ETSAP and IRENA, 2013). Thermal Energy Storage Technology Most commercial CSP plants use molten salt at 550°C for either heat transfer or energy storage purposes, as high-temperature molten salt has been shown to en