ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
To break even and maintain competitive advantage in the ever changing business environment of the 21 st century, companies around the world are employing a broad range of advertising and marketing strategies specifically aimed at appealing to the consumers’ most intrinsic and latent motives regarding their purchasing or spending behaviour. Company taglines, also known as slogans, are one such technique that has found wide usage within the marketing industry. This essay purposes to evaluate the outcomes companies hope to achieve by employing taglines and if the strategy is working in the broader marketing domain. Jackson Hewitt, a tax preparation company operating in a number of countries, has a tagline “you get more in return”, while Pemco Insurance has a popular tagline asserting that “safe drivers get it.” Through the use of such slogans, companies, more than anything else, aim to convey information on the product or service on offer as well as to occupy prime consumers’ memory space. The memory space is inarguably influenced by the appeal made by the tagline to their latent motives, especially when it comes to purchasing or buying behaviour. In this perspective, a tagline or slogan reinforce consumers’ brand awareness, brand identity, brand evaluations, and brand loyalty by serving as a memory aid (Rosengren & Dahlen, 2006). Companies have also mastered the art and science of using taglines to build brand equity. This is usually achieved through the employment of the taglines to facilitate the establishment and upholding of a strong brand identity inarguably aimed at offering a framework for continuity throughout the advertising and marketing campaigns (Quester & Hawkins, 2011). More importantly, the slogans have been used by companies intending to influence consumer behaviour to link the brand to a product category, hence generating more brand awareness among consumers. Moving on, it is true that companies have employed taglines with the hope of influencing the customers’ product beliefs and brand evaluations. Indeed, marketing practitioners are of the opinion that slogans are effective in shaping evaluations by acting as primers to specific brand associations, hence triggering direct appeals to the consumers’ latent motives. Such a cause-effect relationship is advantageous to marketers since it does not only facilitate the consumers to relate more with the product or service being advertised, but it also encourages increased purchasing behaviour, hence enhance sales and competitive advantage (Quester & Hawkins, 2
There are multiple factors that stand behind the successful implementation of the P-O-L-C framework. It is important to prioritize some of them duly in case a company faces serious issues, or when the market indicates upcoming challenges. The collapse of WorldCom in 2002, that led to one of the largest accounting scandals in the US, provides a nice example of the lack of proper communication in a corporation. The inability of various top managers and accountants to communicate efficiently in order to prevent frauds is always disastrous. WorldCom grew rapidly under Bernard Ebbers who managed to jump at the multiple opportunities that the growing interest for telecom services provided at that time. Nevertheless, the company went bankrupt in a matter of a few years. Moreover, Ebbers faced several charges, including one count of conspiracy, one count of securities fraud and seven counts of filing false statements with securities regulators. The fact that the large portion of Ebber’s wealth was in WorldCom stocks, let alone several loans and loan guarantees from the company, was also scrutinized. The top managers of the company faced numerous charges and started to testify against each other. Moreover, Ebbers and his subordinates alike claimed to know nothing of the fraudulent schemes. According to Knecht (2020), up to 80% of employees generally believe that their opinions are not taken into account. Therefore, the major factor that led to the collapse of the telecom giant was the diminished quality of communication within the company. The reasons for all the misunderstanding and complicated series of negotiations between Ebbers, directors and accountants are rooted in barriers to communication that include motive distortion and extreme self-absorption. The top managers and professionals who were expected to lead the company tended to prioritize their own interests and receive only the parts of information and data that was convenient to them. Thus, the atmosphere created by such an attitude eventually led to the collapse of the corporation, as a result of the lack of decently organized teamwork.
Etiology/Pathophysiology/Incidence/Prevalence Cocaine and methamphetamine abuse is a health challenge affecting many people across the globe. In terms of etiology, there is no relationship between genetic constitution and substance dependency. However, some scholars argue that there are genes characterized by allelic variants that encourage drug abuse. These two substances inhibit the re-absorption of catecholamines. They also activate the body’s DNA to produce high quantities of calmodulin-kinase II. This results in increased quantities of calcium in the cytosol and myocardial hypertrophy. When it comes to prevalence, these substances are taken the most by individuals aged between 12 and 25 years of age. People aged 18-25 years are widely affected by these substances at 5.6 percent. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) indicates that around 0.6 percent of individuals aged above 12 years begin to use cocaine and methamphetamine annually. Differential Diagnosis   * Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)   * Acute Coronary syndrome   * Anticholinergic toxicity   * Amphetamine toxicity   * Dilated cardiomyopathy   * Hallucinogen toxicity   * Hypertensive emergencies   * Myocarditis   * Seizures   * Subarachnoid hemorrhage   * Sympathomimetic toxicity   * Pediatrics, Tachycardia   * Personality disorders   * Stroke, Hemorrhagic   * Stroke, Ischemic   * Toxicity, Thyroid hormone Evaluation Individuals who are addicted to alcohol, marijuana, and other addictive drugs should be evaluated for cocaine and methamphetamine use. When evaluating the abusers of these two substances, physicians should begin by monitoring their health histories. Some of the common signs include poor personal hygiene, odor, anxiety, weakness, and tiredness. Urine toxicology should be done to identify the presence of these substances in the body. History Physicians should query suspected patients about their use of methamphetamine and cocaine. Addiction treatment information should also be gathered. It is also appropriate for caregivers to monitor the social, medical, or family history of every drug abuser. Physical Examination Cocaine and methamphetamine abuse/toxicity in a given patient can be identified with the help of efficient physical examination. Cocaine and methamphetamine abuse can result in immediate effects such as increased heart rate, irritability, and anxiety. Individuals who use these substances might appear sweaty or tired. Prolonged use of methamphetamine and cocaine can result in increased blood pressure. Body temperatures also increase significantly. The drug abuser will have a reduced appetite. Other short-term effects include hyperactivity, wakefulness, and increased respiration. Chronic use of these substances can affect a person’s hygiene and nutritional status. Some physical signs such as bruises, lacerations, jaundice, physical injuries, rashes, and needle marks are common in users of the drugs. These signs and symptoms should be used to inform the best care delivery and treatment models for targeted individuals. Diagnostic Studies Laboratory Evaluation Laboratory examinations are
In cognitive psychology, language plays an essential role in understanding the cognitive processes of any given person. Its importance is easy to recognize when looking at thinking and interactions with the help of different psychological approaches. Communication is the specific ability of humans to exchange their thoughts and ideas with the help of specific spoken signals and written signs. These tools contain a definite meaning and can be successfully recognized by the participants of the communication process. Meaningful signals, signs, and symbols are combined in a complex known as language. Thus, it can be defined as the complex method that humans use in order to communicate with each other. This essay will explore the role of language in cognitive psychology. It is important to note that language should be structured and based on the words which are stored in the people’s minds as lexicon. From this point, if language is a system and structure to use words while speaking and writing appropriately, lexicon is the complex of those words preserving in the human mind. Adult people can preserve 50,000 words of their first language and thousands of words of the second language in the form of lexicons (Willingham, 2007). Being preserved in the people’s memory, words from the lexicon are also classified into categories in order to help people choose the most adequate variant while speaking or writing. Thus, language processes are closely connected with the people’s cognition and memory that is why language plays an important role in cognitive psychology providing a man with the knowledge of the world and fixing this knowledge in words. Language can be discussed as associated with the mental abilities of a man, and it is characterized by the certain features which are closely connected with the language functions and qualities. The key features of language are structure, regularity, flexibility, dynamism, arbitrariness, and productivity. La
Introduction The success of a business depends entirely on its management and organization of business activities and workers. The role played by a HR administrator is vital to all business establishments across the world (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 2013). Many businesses have paid no attention to hiring and recruiting their employees that would be critical to run operations. Bartlett and Ghoshal (2013) advise that honest, accountable, and responsible administrators are crucial to personnel hiring processes. In the case study, recruitment of workers would be based on their qualifications rather than their fame. Running of many firms has been adversely affected by hiring method that is characterized by discrimination, which is not based on scores of important aspects (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 2013). For example, the firm’s top management has demonstrated nepotism, tribalism, and corruption. In addition, persons are considered based on how an individual is influential in society. Inexperienced human resource executive managers are perpetuators of the malpractices, making many companies collapse. Thus, there is an urgent need to address hiring malpractices that are evident in businesses. This paper focuses on what a HR manager should do while recruiting senior managers in a company using recent scholarly works. Arguments about what should be done Bartlett and Ghoshal (2013) state that when recruiting workers, one should concentrate on three Cs, which imply that a human resource manager should consider the competence, interpersonal skills, and confidence of interviewees rather than focus on experience. Various business establishments have developed ways of counteracting unwelcoming traditions to ensure that objectives are achieved. Leadership style should be conversational, while succession planning should be carefully considered (Bartlett & Ghoshal, 2013). Many scholars have designed strategies for running different companies. From the case study, there are key areas that should be given attention. According to Kirby (2013), executive selection should be done considering both individual and interpersonal skills. Individual characteristics demonstrate one’s aspects such as hard work, past responsibilities, self-motivation, accountability, experience, and personal appearance, while interpersonal skills refer to the ability to relate well with workers, for example, when addressing them politely, respecting them, and being patient with them (Kirby, 2013). It is advisable to spend more time in searching for the right candidates because the right workers would be responsible, making them work effectively and produce exemplary performance outcomes. Hiring a wrong candidate would lead to frustrations and discouragement (Kirby, 2013). General job experience is important because it correlates with skills that are useful in many areas. It could be difficult for the CEO in the case study to realize the same profit like the one that could be obtained by a family member because the business is held dearly to family members. As a
Outline As one of the most common and preventable habits that cause ill health, premature death and health inequalities among the people in the world, tobacco marketing has presented a very serious challenge to the health professionals and society as a whole (WHO 2001, p. 23). The epidemiological evidence show that tobacco is a leading killer and that its revelation a deadly substance was in 1964. The increase in its consumption especially among the populations of the developing countries is being attributed to the persistent and vigorous marketing by the tobacco multinationals. They advertise tobacco to the less restricted markets of the developing markets that are torn between the need to sustain their economy and protect the lives of their population. There is therefore the present ethical dilemma facing the tobacco stakeholders and the public interest groups including the civil societies, thus the long battle between the two groups in relation to its ethical value to the society and economic benefits (Global Analysis Project Team 2000, p.89). The paper analyses the ethical dilemma considering the stakeholders’ views against the rest of the society, basing the analysis on the theoretical models and research facts about the tobacco concerns. Introduction In the sales and marketing industry, the way in which a product is marketed matters a lot since it can make the ultimate difference for the capacity of sale and consumption. Brazil as a nation initially had the highest level of expenditure per capita in the tobacco marketing compared to other countries in the world, but when the tobacco advertisement was burned for just a year, sales for cigarette dropped by about a record 5% within a period of nine months alone (Vateesatokit, Hughes & Ritthphakdee 2000, p.675). The developed countries have particularly received a good share of criticism on their tobacco marketing strategies that principally targets developing countries, considered to be vulnerable in their policies guiding tobacco marketing and consumption. United States for example, as the leading exporter of tobacco, has received criticism, especially from the American Cancer Society. The tobacco companies in the United States are accused of using “tar levels” well beyond the ones accepted in the United States, and mainly targeting women and children in the developing countries, thereby prompting the increase of tobacco use among these vulnerable groups (Saloojee& Dagli 2000, P.423). The paper analyses the tobacco marketing in the developing countries and the rising ethical issues and dilemmas, how to manage them, focusing on the tobacco multinational companies and their activities. Literature Review Tobacco smoking is one of the single most common and preventable habits that cause ill health, premature death and health inequalities among the people in the world (WHO 2001, p. 23). Again as one of the most commonly used addictive substance in the world, tobacco is one of the most important cr
Introduction In recent organizational recruitment efforts it has become a challenge deciding the quality of recruits. Some new employees are very good but, are hired for the wrong job, reducing their output and depicting them as poor workers. In hiring it is important to determine the number of people that each sector actually requires to avoid inappropriate resource distribution. The number will depend on the technicality and intensiveness of the field. Success of many companies is greatly dependant on the allocation of resources. Many highly ranked positions require specialized and skilled personnel. To attain this it is appropriate to continually review approaches to recruitment, retaining and succession of staff. In developing a staff for “Mc. FRIES”; a fast food business, proper planning is important. Mc. FRIES will require a general manager to manage its main branch and oversee the management of any other subsidiary branches that may come with expansion of the business. The manager will be assisted by one assistant manager and four associates, who are to be directly answerable to the manager. The recruitment of such qualified personnel will require the assistance of search companies which deal directly with the prospective employee, reducing the paper work for the human resource department. It will also refer only qualified applicants instead of having to search through the applications. A prerequisite of the applicants will be five years of experience in a similar position as the positi
In a democratic society, citizens vote freely (JoNel, 2006). The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is among the most effective rules that have extended full political citizenship to blacks in the US (Epstein et al, 2006). President Lyndon signed the Voting Rights Act to be a state law. It came into existence during the period of Civil Rights movement in the United States. The aim of the law was to outlaw malpractices in the voting process, which included acts such as the availability of literacy tests to provide restrictions to black voters during the voting process. The Act achieved many benefits as it allowed many eligible voters to register and vote (Pildes, 2006). The Act has contributed to the dramatic increase in black voter turnout. In addition, the it provides that all people have freedom to vote. The Act provides that states that have recorded history of discriminatory practice during voting process should be excluded from making any alterations that may affect voters before getting approval from the US Department of Justice. The Act has many benefits, particularly to the enforcement provisions that are mainly applied to political subdivisions and states in the south. The act provides that no person with respect to color or race should be discriminated from this freedom. The Act forms a historic landmark for Civil Rights legislation in the United States. The Act contributed too many advantages including the enforcement of the 15th amendment. Furthermore, it banned discriminative voting practices against black people, as well as, the incorporation of literacy tests nationally (Cascio & Ebonya, 2012). The Voting Rights Act has expanded political opportunities for minority voters (Adams & Miles, 2008). Obama succeeded among the white voters putting into test the prevailing circumstances of the effects of racial difference which are influenatial to the legal action as provided by section 2 of the Act (Stephen et al,2010). During the last elections in the US, the success of Obam in some states Obama’s raised doubts about the legitimacy of section 5 (Stephen, et al, 2010). The rights of minority should be guarded by making ammendments in section 5 of the Voting Rights Act (Stephen et al, 2010). This illustrate the rising opinions to impede the Voting Rights Act as set by the regulation. Kristen (2009) offered a close scrutiny of the question describes at lenghth observations made during the last presidential elections in the United States. Kristen (2009) also delves deep into the race issue, explicitly explaining the importance of the Voting Rights Act in addressing racial discrimination. This is a point that is pertinent to the question at hand, but falls short to fully covering the reason behind the rampant country wide generation on the strength of the Act (
The article argues that the video-based intervention in the classes that is constituted of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) improve their accuracy in solving fraction word problems. The assertions made by the authors are summarized below. The subject of the research is the determining of the efficiency of the point-of-view video intervention while teaching the students with ASD the necessary skills of manipulations with fractions word problem-solving. The authors explore this issue for several reasons. Although the learning programs for students with ASD are diverse and aim to develop various skills, the primary focus of them is still on acquisition and enhancement of social and communication abilities. The development of mathematics expertise, on the other hand, is less common and do not have sufficient research. Students with ASD experience serious problems during the work with the following subgroups of math: “visuospatial challenges, procedural challenges, and semantic memory challenges.” Moreover, the word processing in mathematics is the significant obstacle for children with ASD. The authors argue that the introduction of the teaching videos may considerably increase the level of comprehension and performance in such fundamental mathematics. The design of the study is identified by the authors as a single case, which implies the numerous examinations of students with the opportunity to “replicate the effect of the intervention on the dependent variable and demonstrate the existence of a functional relationship between the interventions and outcome variable.” Moreover, three efforts of the study at three various locations have been implemented. Therefore, the principle of a single case study is satisfied. The intervention assessments have been performed while the students were watching the point-of-view video created for the study. After that, the maintenance assessments have aggregated the information about the students’ retention level of obtained skills. The researchers have identified the completed fraction problems as correct or incorrect. The number of participators of the study constitutes of four male students who satisfy the ASD criteria, do not have experience with the video modeling education and have problems concerning the math problem-solving. The independent variable includes the point-of-view videos with the instructions of how to solve the math problems. Moreover, the students have been provided with the checklist of the steps necessary to the successful understanding and performance of the skills. The dependent variable is represented by the accuracy of the “subtraction of fractions with unlike denominators” task concerning every session of the experiment. Interobserver agreement is equal t