ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
America is a “melting pot” of nations, cultures, manners and ages, of course. Now it is clear that America is varied in ages. The obsolescence of Americans over age 60 is gaining momentum dramatically. Many citizens in this age stay helpless and no more productive. Those who continue being strong and fit in the United States is a great survey of a better way of life and signals good perspectives for the nation. However, too many Americans do not consider the concept “old age” to be a truthful reality of old people trying to live with their limitations and diseases along. People are to make out the further points on researching and understanding the whole picture of ageing in the United States not to make a little of this age group. There are too many stereotypes as of actions of old people. Some people consider them to be inaccurate or burdens on their relatives’ shoulders. Still there are many factors which influence on the aged people in terms of living alone. Constantly there are cases of total depression when realizing that one is needless and speechless to do something. It concerns not only the altruistic side of the question, but first it is about an adaptation of old people in the life when retiring. In terms of the aged the main aim is to supply appropriate medic care. The issue of governmental support for the elderly is of great significance in the United States. To reduce a risk of unintended injuries and dramatic results of old people of Ame
Introduction and Agenda   * Online environment has been providing the platform for casual interactions as well as economic activities for quite a while;   * However, the lack of physical evidence of these activities makes the process of transferring legal regulations to the Internet complicated;   * Particularly, the privacy issue needs to be addressed due to numerous opportunities for data copying and abusing the rights of owners;   * An analysis of the current regulations will shed some light on possible measures to be taken in the future (Dinev, Xu, Smith, & Hart, 2013). Video Privacy Protection Act, 1988   * Passed in 1988;   * Signed by Ronald Reagan;   * Prohibits “wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records” (Legal Information Institute, 2016, par. 1);   * Aimed at keeping clients’ personal data safe. While conveying an admittedly positive message, the regulation serves as the device for customers’ personal data storing by organizations such as Netflix and Hulu. By carrying out unclean practices, the organizations expose their users to a serious threat (Nye, 2012). Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 1986 Description   * Came into force in 1986;   * Promoted as an amendment to the law (Legal Information Institute, 2016);   * Concerns only protected computers (computers used by the U.S. state institutions). Types of Offenses   * Computer damage;   * National security data retrieval;   * Threat to confidentiality;   * Government computer trespassing;   * Aiming at obtaining value;   * Data/computer damage;   * Password disclosure. The concept provides extensive support for governmental facilities, yet offers little to no protection for average users. Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 1986   * Adopted by the U.S. Congress in 1986;   * Initially aimed at preventing the instances of wiretapping on telephone calls;   * (With the increase in the number of Internet users) extended to electronic data transfer;   * Is fairly dated and, therefore, lacks understanding on the current processes of data acquisition, transfer, and processing;   * Promotes surveillance as the means of reducing crime rates. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, though having a rather sensible premise, has been viewed as quite controversial ov
Introduction It is difficult to predict or generalize second language acquisition because it is not an isolated activity; this is a culture-specific and identity-bound concept. A second language user is often introduced into a fresh world that may be radically different from what he or she was accustomed to. One must therefore reconstruct or renegotiate one’s identity in accordance with these new experiences. Impact of second language use on identity Ethnic confusion is something that second language learners in certain communities and generations can struggle with. If a parent migrated from another part of the world such as the Middle East, and moved to Australia, it is likely that the parent would learn English in order to communicate. After that parent has stayed on in Australia, and has had children in the country, it is likely that these children may not be very fluent in Arabic. Communication difficulties would arise between the two parties. Such parents may decide to take their children to Arabic language schools in order to prevent the loss of their linguistic heritage (Sugita, 2000). These second language learners would face unique identity challenges, because they would be learning a language (Arabic) that is assumed to be natural to members of their ethnic group. They have the choice of merely focusing on the language without embracing the cultural component of the Arabic world; which would imply totally abandoning the Middle Eastern part of themselves. Alternatively, they may choose to forge a bilingual identity where they can take on components of both cultures. Several youths often choose the former option than the latter, and they usually end up going back and forth concerning these decisions. They may ask themselves whether they are Australians of Australia, or whether they are Arabs from the Middle East. It can be argued that the most comfortable position would be to think of themselves as Australians of Arabic descent. However, this middle-ground status still has its own challenges. The individuals may find it tricky to fit into either culture as other people may not relate to them. Sometimes some second language speakers may think of their newly formed status as a gateway for getting into a higher social class. Identities are often predetermined by the nature of social groups that one belongs to. One’s family, choice of school, place of work, and residential area can define one’s identity. These groups are rarely chosen voluntarily as most people are simply born into them. Society will differentiate these groups by categorizing them as non privileged or privileged. The non privileged normally have fewer life chances, and may strive to alter their fate. One of the avenues that they may consider is learning another language (Shwartz, 2004). Some languages such as English are regarded as a bridge to a better life. Second language learners often think of this process as an investment. They may assume that doing so will lea
Introduction The amount of time modern children spend in front of screens is staggering. Not only does their eyesight suffer because of the excessive pressure, but their social life is also damaged as they circumscribe their own abilities to interact with other children. Children lack the adult perspective to recognize the danger, which is why their screen time should be restricted. Ultimately, children’s screen time should be limited because it damages them physically and decapitates their social abilities. Damage to the Eyesight First, screen time puts excessive pressure on the eyes. The biological function of eyes is to be able to look far enough to see the details. In order for them to perform this function, eye muscles need to rest and constantly exer
Abstract This analytical essay presents a critique of the book The Child Who Never Grew, presenting facts mentioned by the author that are still valid today and also those that are erroneous. The bibliography page appends one source in APA format. Introduction The book that has been taken into consideration goes by the name of “The Child Who Never Grew” and has been written by Pearl S. Buck. It has been said that the book being analyzed is the factual narrative of the great effort of the novelist subsequent to getting to learn that her offspring Carol, who took birth in 1920, was psychologically handicapped. The Woodbine House edition that was presented in the year 1992 consisted of a prologue by James Michener, an overture by Martha M. Jablow, as well as an ending by Janice C. Walsh, being Pearl’s daughter and Carol’s sister. In her intro, Jablow has noted that “Child” was basically first introduced to the readers as an article in “Ladies Home Journal” in the year 1950 and was before long after that made available in the form of a book. It is believed that this book is definitely a milestone in the writings related to disabilities. It has further been noted that psychological retardation “carried a shameful stigma” at the time when this story had at first been published by the author. Historical contexts have also been presented for the main text. Analysis “ Mine was a pretty baby, unusually so. Her features were clear, her eyes even then, it seemed to me, wise and calm. She looked at me and I at her with mutual comprehension and I laughed”. Pearl S. Buck In the book that has been taken into consideration, the author has written very touchingly of the despondency that she felt and the pain she went through when she found out about the ailment or the retardation faced by her daughter. She tells the readers about her consciousness of the dishonor that was prevalent back in those days in opposition to people like Carol, and in addition, tells about how she looked around for an establishment where the special needs required by her daughter could be met. Buck overpoweringly supports the compassion and significance of the psychologically retarded and what is more, is that she tells us of all that she learned with her experience with Carol. In the words of the author, “I learned to respect and reverence for every human mind. It was my child who taught me to understand so clearly that all people are equal in their humanity and that all have the same human rights.” (Buck, 1992). Certain information provided by the author can be held true in the current times as yet, while on the other hand some facts mentioned by her are now considered erroneous. First of all the first fact mentioned by her is that such children need help. Whether it be back in those days or in today’s fast-paced world, such children desperately need help and attention. Another fact that she mentions which is tr
Moral and ethical leaders Leaders should use various competencies in order to be successful. Moral and ethical leadership styles have the potential to produce positive outcomes. However, moral leadership is appropriate towards making someone a successful leader. Moral leaders clearly understand the most appropriate values. They use such values in order to remain accountable. They will also portray the highest level of integrity. They will always guide their followers and focus on the best long-term goals. On the other hand, ethics in leadership encourages individuals to make specific decisions that can produce long-term benefits. However, such decisions might “become unpopular or unprofitable in the short-term” (Alkahtani et al. 75). Some theorists encourage people to combine these two concepts in order to become successful leaders. Managing difficult employees The behaviors exhibited by different employees will determine the performance of the targeted unit. Every unit will have one or more troublesome employees. Managers should use powerful strategies in order to prevent such behavior problems from affecting the performance of their teams. Leaders should always listen attentively. Positive and clear behavioral responses should also be given to the employees. The strategy can ensure the individuals act in a positive manner. Managers should al
Introduction  1. Religion is a critical constituent of human life, which has a direct influence on all areas of interactions with other people.  2. Sometimes, it leads to conflicts and misunderstandings; in other cases, religious differences become the ground for oppression – prolonged unjust treatment and discrimination.  3. That said, religious oppression is unequal treatment of those, who belong to differing confessions.  4. In this way, regardless of living in the modern world that moves in the direction of eliminating borders between nations, the problem of religious oppression in the medical field is complicated to overcome. Public policy debates  1. Except for affecting social relations, religious issues are the subject of severe public policy debates.  2. In most cases, public policies focus on avoiding oppression and minimizing the risks of religious segregation in the health care sector.  1. There are different levels of public policy debates: care acts guaranteeing the freedom of religion and equal access to the medical aid at the court level; legislation protecting equity in the society and determining exemption in the health care sector at the state level; and hospital statutes at the local level ( Issues for debate in American public policy, 2017).  2. Because of the criticality of religious freedom and equality, the issue is often discussed at the highest level (for instance, President Obama paid significant attention to the problem of religious oppression in health care during his presidential debates in 2012).  3. Racism and religious discrimination in different areas of social relations, including medicine, is the subject of numerous international conferences organized by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) and the most influential actors of the global community (United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, n.d.). Arguments  1. Besides public policy debates, religious oppression has a direct influence on free access to professional care.  2. Somehow, religious minorities are the most discriminated groups of the population when it comes to free and equal access to health care.  1. Most issues are connected to the negative image of certain religious minorities and their lifestyles, which are acceptable in society (Aroussel & Carlbom, 2016).  2. On the other hand, medical workers tend to ignore the individual needs of religious minorities, such as following a particular lifestyle or ignoring specific recommendations due to peculiarities of religious values, although it contradicts with the mission of a doctor or nurse, i.e. being faith-blind and oppressing patients subconsciously.  3. Finally, oppression might be caused by the lack of knowledge about particular religious principles, thus leading to the failure of providing faith-acceptable care. Arguments  1. Nevertheless, sometimes patients themselves provoke religious oppression.  2. In this way, discrimination is not always the cause of limiting access to medical care and professi
Natural sciences give various definitions of the concept of shame. The variety of scientific hypotheses corresponds to the variety of ways in which different people experience a feeling of shame. More often than not, this experience is connected with moral formation: the ability of a person to feel shame and be shy characterizes them from the perspective of moral qualities. For Russian literature that always thoroughly scrutinizes the spiritual self of a person with its various conflicts between the spirit and flesh, rational and emotional, mind, and heart, the theme of shame became one of the central problems. Theoretically, the description of such basic emotion as shame should not be significantly different in various authors. Indeed, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky have something in common with their points. Perhaps, this may be attributed to the fact of the common philosophical and ethical paradigm that was based on Christianity. However, Tolstoy’s and Dostoevsky’s characters have different reasons for shame, and their display of this emotion is also different. Although the theme of shame is central to both Anna Karenina and The Idiot , the nature of this feeling is explained differently: Tolstoy regards shame as the result of a person’s actions, while Dostoevsky considers it as a part of the psyche. Tolstoy starts his Anna Karenina with the description of the complicated feeling of Stepan Arkadyevitch Oblonsky. Stiva painfully recollects his reaction to his wife’s words: “[T]here happened to him at that instant what does happen to people when they are unexpectedly caught in something very disgraceful” (Tolstoy 6). This feeling becomes not only the opener but also a building line of the whole novel. All characters blush, suffer, and experience the sense of shame but only Anna’s tragedy becomes the meaningful center of the novel. The main character of Dostoevsky’s The Idiot , Prince Myshkin, feels ashamed of those who surround him: “[H]e felt so ashamed for his visitors, that he was afraid at first even to look at them.” (Dostoevsky 430). In The Idiot , as in Anna Karenina , the feeling of shame serves as an expression of the moral make-up of a person. However, in Dostoevsky’s novel, this emotion is integrated into the psyche structure and is connected with aspects that differ from those of Tolstoy’s work. The shame in Anna Karenina is a touchstone for a soul and, at the same time, the value criteria of the philosophical and ethical concept of the novel. Although the artistic phenomenology of shame is diverse, there is a direct connection not only between the actions and ethical self-analysis but also between the feelings and moral self-esteem. Anna blushes at shameful situations where lies and deceit occur: “[H]e doesn’t even know, she said, and suddenly a hot flush came over her face; her cheeks, her brow, her neck crimsoned, and tears of shame came into her eyes” (Tolstoy 413). The former is the beginning of the story’s climax when Anna talks to Vronsky about her husband. When Anna told her husband about her relations with Vronsky, she did not want
Overview of Economic benefits and costs of tourism According to Sexton (543), tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the services sector of the world. The industry is comprised of numerous services sectors. In a substantial number of countries in the world, tourism is highly embraced. This is attributed to the fact that tourism is the sole earner of foreign exchange for those countries. Many economists have begun shifting their attention from other sectors and are now focusing on analysing the tourism sector. They see tourism as a larger industry than what it was thought to be. There is no doubt that tourism encourages economic development. However, there exists a number of negative aspects in the global tourism sector. The tourism industry encourages other vices like poor development of infrastructure, which impacts negatively on the environment. Tourism also has other negative social effects to tourist destinations. This paper discuses tourism and brings out the key economic benefits of tourism. The paper also looks into the negative aspects of tourism. These negative aspects are termed as the economic costs of tourism. Economic benefits of tourism – an overview Tourism brings about numerous benefits to countries. Most countries are converting tourism into their main economic activities. This means that a substantive number of economic benefits are derived from tourism. Tourism is closely associated with economic development. The tourism industry is open and promotes the development of many other economic sectors. Other benefits of tourism include improvement of the balance of payments of countries, the creation of employment opportunities and the enhancement of cultural heritage. It is imperative to say that tourism brings about economic development (Sexton 543). The benefits of tourism can be assessed from its direct effects on economic performance of countries. The benefits can also be analysed based on its indirect contribution to economic development. Tourism and employment As mentioned in the introductory note, tourism is among the fastest growing industries in the world. Each county in the world today strives to improve its tourism sector so as to attract more tourists. Employment is one of the critical aspects of macroeconomic development. Each economy in the world strives to attain full employment. Therefore, any economic sector, which creates job opportunities to the population, is considered a strong force in economic development. Tourism cannot be easily separated from the generation of employment opportunities. According to the global statistics that are compiled by the International Labor Organisation, tourism employs millions of people in the world. Apart from the manufacturing sector, the services sector of the world provide a substantial number of job opportunities t
Introduction Training is one of the most important processes that help in improving the performance of organizations. According to McConnell (46), in the current competitive market, there is a need to ensure that employees have the best ability to handle different tasks in their departments. Training provides a platform where these employees get to understand some of the dynamics in their field in a practical context. Organizations have come to appreciate that the best way of improving employee’s performance is to subject them to regular trainings to enable manage the changes taking place in the environment. At ADGAS, we have been keen on ensuring that our employees are trained regularly on different issues in the environment. In order to ensure that the training is effective in addressing specific issues, it is necessary to understand the methods that are used in identifying training needs. Methods of Identifying Training Needs According to Taylor (49), scholars have proposed different methods of identifying training needs among employees within an organization. In this study, we will analyze five approaches that have been commonly used in identifying training needs. Business plan analysis Business plan analysis is a broad area that entails a number of managerial activities to determine the appropriateness of the strategy, and the ability of an organization to achieve the set objectives using the existing structures. When conducting a business plan, it is important to ensure that employees have the ability to meet the tasks that are set towards achieving specific objectives. During business plan analysis, there will be a conscious study of the ability of the workforce to meet the specific objectives (Adegoke 78). The focus will be on determining if employees’ skills and competence are within the desirable levels. In case their levels of competency fall below the expectations, it will be a clear indication that training would be needed. At ADGAS, one of the main tasks of personnel manager during business plan analysis is always to determine the potential of the workforce to undertake the set activities within the stated deadline. Job description analysis Job description analysis is one of the most popular approaches used in identifying training needs within an organization. At ADGAS, the management has been keen on ensuring that employees are assigned tasks that they understand best to enhance their efficiency. Job description offers the management a rare opportunity to compare what a specific task within the organization requires, and the knowledge and skills of the employees. When the skills and level of knowledge do not meet the job requirements, then it is a clear indicat