ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Intelligence defined as a general measure of mental ability. David Wechsler developed intelligence tests which are widely used.He also defined intelligent as the capability to persistently think reasonably and come up with ways of solving problems that exist in their surroundings. The term intelligence quotient is derived from German intelligenz- quotient. Alfred Binet a French psychologist founded the first experimental laboratory research in 19 th century and developed experimental technique s of measuring intelligent and reasoning ability (Ceci & Liker, 1986). He believed intelligence could be determined by evaluating persons reasoning, judgement, and problem solving abilities. Modern Intelligence quotient testing was pioneered by Albert Binet and Theodore Simone in (1905), they develop a series of tasks to be performed by average intellectual children of different ages. Intelligent test is a measure of intelligence quotient of a person. The tests contain several scales assessing qualitative intellectual functioning of a student through performance of various tasks (Neisser et al., 1996). Theoretically, intelligent quotient is a standardized test constructed by the psychologist as a way of describing ones intelligent level. Intelligence test is frequently used as basis for decision making about the placement in education, admission of specific groups and eligibility of various services. Intelligent test can be used to determine an individual’s cognitive functioning, aptitude, thinking skills, intellectual ability and the general ability of an individual (Reeve & Hakel, 2002). Development of the Intelligent Quotient Test This work entailed a development of an intelligence quotient assessment test for students entering university. Intelligent test have it root from a gene
Discrimination Nira Davis in his work looks at some issues that relegated women to the periphery on studying some concepts like power and dominance in the society. One issue the author wants to clarify is that, it is a wrong assumption that private social issues which are women related have no impact on the national political bearing, leaving the man to dominate the entire system. There is a tendency to categorize women on domestic issues overlooking the role they play at the national arena making them appear to be politically irrelevant. Women were excluded from the theories of socialization as the process depicts then happenings as being orchestrated by males alone. The classical theories of social contract attribute the transition of a society into an orderly out fit as having been propelled by the aggressive and macho male nature. The writer argues that the differences between the genders should not be looked from a biological point of view, but rather on a social one. These views constructed on chauvinistic beliefs can be transformed to attain more equality between men and women. There have been efforts to reverse this trend, feminist scholars have put consented efforts and now women are recognized in the national arena. The writer acknowledges that it is women who produce nations, biologically, culturally and symbolically, they are key to continuity and preservation of these elements. The role women play in any country’s national arena is as important as that played by bureaucratic and intelligent male dominated systems, Davis attributes this to efforts by a clique of feminists scholars whose critical writings have helped reverse th
Diagnosing drug abuse has never been a problem to the client and the counselor because it can be identified with much ease compared to establishing whether an individual is dependent on drugs. If either the client or the professional wishes to determine the extent to which an individual is dependent on drugs, the only thing he or she would have to do is read the individual’s behavior. For instance, an individual who fails to conduct their duties as expected is said to be a drug addict. Similarly, some individuals may be prone to committing crime whenever they utilize drugs, and they may go to the extent of injuring others or causing harm to the entire society (Perkinson, 2012). Establishing whether an individual is dependent on drugs is problematic for both clients and professionals. Various tests would have to be conducted to ascertain drug addiction level before ruling out whether the individual is dependent on a drug. Studies show that abusing medicine is different from being dependent on a similar substance. The professional has no chance of identifying whether the client is dependent on imports unless the affected person is willing to share the information. First Response-Ja La According to Ja la, identifying whether an individual is dependent on drugs is difficult instead of ascertaining whether an individual is a drug abuser. In his view, an individual is said to abuse drugs in case legal suits are filed against him or her frequently or if the person fails to live up to the societal expectations whereby his or her responsibilities are rarely fulfilled. For instance, people believed to be drug abusers are often accused of causing physical injuries to others, breaking up relationships, and causing agony to their families. Ja la observes that identifying whether a client is dependent on any substance would be problematic given the fact symptoms show up rarely. Ja La’s thinking is valid because drawing a line between abuse and dependence on imports has always been a big issue for many professionals. Second Response-Jen Galo Jen Galo starts by identifying some of the symptoms that would help a professional identify whether a client is an abuser of drugs or dependent with the aim of differentiating between substance abuse and over-dependence on drugs. One of the signs indicating that an individual is addicted to drugs includes failure to carry out responsibilities effectively, especially for students, development of hazardous behaviors, and disorderly conduct. Similarly, Jen Glo notes that it is a challenge to identify substance dependence as compared to establishing whether an individual is an abuser of various drugs in the sense that dependency calls on the professional to be keener on observing and analyzing the client’s behavior. Third Response-Shanie H Shanie’s observation is not any different from others because she believes identifying substance dependence is challenging as opposed to establishing whether a client is an abuser of drugs. Similarly, she notes that abusers of drugs are likely to be failures as far as fulfilling their responsibilities is concerned, engaging in hazardous beha
Introduction Free trade and liberal economic relations are the main issues of the modern economic system of the world. The ideological approach followed by Canada is grounded in a international agreements and relations accepted by global community. Hence, economic dominance involves society’s acceptance of a system of production that is viewed as efficient and fair. Free trade relations entail state structures that reflect the legitimizing support of the leading economic issues and well as the bulk of social and economic relations inside the country (Mankiw 82). When political structures, the system of production, and the ideological framework are dominant, the Canadian state need not rely heavily upon its coercive apparatus. In Canada, free trade enhances democracy and democratic institutions leading to liberalization of economic and social relations inside the country. Free trade and liberalization Canadian security under NAFTA has been influenced by regional influences beyond U. S. strategic-economic concerns. For example, a large number of multinational organization and corporations (MNEs and TNCs) represent significant social forces that, at times, have had a considerable impact on security in Canada. Occasionally these MNCs have developed through a strictly domestic metamorphosis. National companies have spawned to provide services previously performed by the state prior to the severe neoliberal cutbacks that began in the early 1990s, or have formed to protest against the noxious social effects of restructuring. At other times, national political groups have emerged with strong support and solidarity from MNCs (Mankiw 65). A number of regional or global companies operating in Canada have been assisting their Canadian counterparts in the realms of human rights, anti- militarization policies, and so on. The central point is that emerging transnational MNCs networks possess the potential for strong political influence throughout the NAFTA region. As we shall see later in the book, the emergence of these new social movements has contributed to the impetus toward democratic reform in Canada, which could affect conceptions of security (Mankiw 81). Throughout most of the 1990s period, sovereignty meant that national governments generally possessed a substantial degree of control over the economic, cultural, and political systems within the territorial boundaries of the state. But especially since the 1990s, national governments find themselves in the predicament of wielding steadily less power over what transpires within their spatial boundaries. The ascendant power of transnational capital, through both production processes and the mechanisms of international finance, has severely curtailed the sovereign power of governments as well as the democratic power of their citizens (Clement 43). Overall, Canadian government seems increasingly more accountable to transnational capital than they do to their own citizens. To this extent, the real democratic power of the populace is dim
Introduction This program is designed for a Year Three class based on the Education Queensland Scope and Sequence and the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority curriculum documents. The health program is developed to respond to the topic of Food and Nutrition as the part of Health and Physical Education (Year Three). The designed program can be discussed as purposeful and helpful to promote students’ health and safety in relation to their healthy food choices and effective nutrition. Inquiry for Healthy Decision Making (Rationale) The area of Health and Physical Education (HPE) is significantly changed today according to the tendencies of reforming the HPE curriculum to address the needs of the community and promote healthy habits and healthy lifestyle among students. While focusing on a radically different approach to developing the curriculum, the topic of Food and Nutrition is taught to provide students with the equitable and inclusive experience along with the essential knowledge of the healthy choices and diets (Brooker, 2006; Department of Education Queensland, 2008). The principles of healthy eating are taught and learnt today to guarantee students’ being healthy within the community, and the program responds to the contemporary socio-cultural perspective to present the practical materials and evidences, following the specific aboriginal perspective (Cliff, Wright, & Clarke, 2009, p. 167). Moreover, the focus on the links between the physical, academic, and intellectual development is observed as the promotion of the healthy lifestyle and eating habits can contribute to the students’ success in the other spheres of life (Rossi, 2006, p. 13). Thus, the content of the Health Program (Food and Nutrition) as the part of Health and Physical Education in Australia helps students to understand and determine the difference between healthy and unhealthy choices and to make right healthy choices in relation to food and diets to promote their wellbeing (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, 2013). The topic of the Health Program is important in the context of Health and Physical Education because students make their choices regarding the food to
Different nations have differing interpretations of what human rights mean. Authoritarian regimes have generally held a minimalist view while democracies have mostly propounded a maximalist view of what constitutes human rights. Differences over human rights violations have resulted in actual conflicts or at times, a war of words. This essay examines the Israeli-Palestine conflict and the US-China relationship concerning perceptions about human rights and human rights violations. The Israeli-Palestinian problem is one such conflict where both sides accuse each other of human rights violations. After the 1967 Arab-Israeli conflict, the Palestinians resisted peacefully with no success leading to the armed resistance as typified by Hamas and Hezbollah. In 2007, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert stated that “f
Introduction It is well known that children who are competent readers and writers are better able to take advantage of learning opportunities available to them. Reading and writing competency begins well before young children enter formal schooling around age five. Those who have mastered pre-reading and pre-writing skills can easily transition into learning reading and writing skills. Stressing the importance of reading and writing to children begins in the home with parents, or caretakers, acting as facilitators. Properly prepared children can move into the formal schooling environment ready for their teachers to continue to stress the importance of competency in reading and writing. Reading and writing skills are required to master other subjects such as math or social studies. Competency should be stressed and connected to a child’s idea of what he needs to do to be successful in life. Stressing Reading and Writing Competency in Young Children Children can learn from an early age the importance of reading and writing. Children are more apt to follow examples set by adults rather than follow instructions giving by a parent or caretaker. Parents or caretakers act as the first examples for children to follow. These caretakers often provide the child’s first exposure to literacy skills. Children can learn early that reading and writing are essential skills for everyday living. Caretakers can provide opportunities for learning that teach that literacy skills are important. For example, allowing a child to help with cooking by following a recipe shows the child that being able to read is a necessity. A caretaker that writes reminder notes is showing, by example, that writing is an important skill. Children should be taught that literacy skills affect a child’s ability to gain and retain employment as an adult. Discussing with a child what skills are needed for different kinds of jobs shows the importance of literacy to a child. Reading and writing literacy begins with the acquisition of pre-reading and pre-writing skills. Caretakers can provide opportunities for children to learn these skills as well as their importance. According to research there are six pre-reading skills required for a child to learn to read (Whitehurst, p1). Parents, and caretakers, can expose children to opportunities for them to learn narrative skills, phonological awareness, letter knowledge, print awareness and motivation, and vocabulary. Caretakers and educators can provide opportunities for learning but children need to know how important these skills are and why they should master literacy skills. Children need to understand that they will need fundamental skills to effectively communicate in the working world. These skills include reading comprehension and the ability to write. The inability to read (and comprehend) and write can affect a child’s mastery of skills in othe
Ecolab Inc. is a Minnesota-based corporation, which focuses on providing cleaning and hygiene products as well as water purification and treatment products. It was founded in 1923 by M. J. Osborn, and the current CEO is Christophe Beck. It operates in the industry of infection prevention, food safety, water management, and chemical service sectors. It is important to note that the company directly employs more than 50000 people, making it a large corporate entity. The company culture is highly hierarchic and highly structured, where the management encourages accountability, efficiency, and precision through a transactional leadership style. The fictitious company is FictComp LLC, which was established in 2010 by two Harvard students, and it manufactures water cleaning devices. It employs a small team of 20 people, and it was founded and currently operates in Minnesota as well. The organizational culture is fairly relaxed, innovative, effective, horizontal, and utilizes a transformational leadership style. Steps for unification:  1. Host a networking event  2. Establish a common work language  3. Host team building activities  4. Assign a representative of Ecolab at FictComp LLC  5. Conduct employee training sessions  6. Establish a support team for FictComp LLC  7. Build effective communication channels  8. Preserve innovative and relaxed elements of FictComp’s culture The networking event can be anything, which allows employees of both companies to network in order to learn about each other. Common work language will be predetermined, and it is needed to set boundaries of what language is acceptable. Team building activities will integrate key cultural elements of Ecolab into FictComp LLC. A representative manager of Ecolab at FictComp will ensure cultural integration monitoring, and employee training will address more formal elements of the merger. The support team will assist FictComp in situational or specific matters, and communication channels will allow employees to be closer to Ecolab. Preserving relaxed and innovative elements of the culture will eliminate the loss of company identity.
American Community College is a form of educational institution, which emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century in the age of industrialization and urbanization. Initially, junior colleges served only as a supplement to high school and offered a very limited range of training courses, but due to the support of governmental and public organizations, they gradually became more sophisticated and advanced in terms of their curriculum and infrastructure (Cohen & Brawer, 2004). In the Dallas district, there are several Community Colleges that provide good academic basis for students, for example, we can single out Brookhaven or Cedar Valley College. This paper focuses on the North Lake College, in particular, its historical background, curriculum, long-term objectives, and activities of the students. Moreover, we need to discuss those characteristic features which distinguish the North Lake from other educational establishments related to Dallas County Community College District (DCCCD). North Lake College is rich in its history, and is considered to be one of the best in the district. First, it is necessary to discuss this educational agency as a component of Dallas Community Colleges. Since 1915 Dallas County has been famous for Southern Methodist University with its high admission standards and major stresses on the religious education through the Christian outlook of that time. During that period local government tried to satisfy the growing demand of manufactures for skill workers. Additionally, they attempted to raise overall educational and cultural level of the citizens. Dallas Community College District came into existence in the late sixties and since that time, it has grown into a very sophisticated union of various educational institutions (Cohen & Brawer, 2004). North Lake College is a constituent part of DCCCD infrastructure but it has its own peculiar features. Although members of this union are closely intertwined with one another, each college takes all possible efforts to prove its excellence. Active collaboration, mutual help and competitiveness are compulsory conditions for permanent development. North Lake College is one of the seven institutions belonging to DCCCD. It was opened in the fall of 1977; the central campus is located in Irving’s Las Colinas area. Apart from that, the college has three branches namely: North, West, South campuses. The
Introduction Idaho State University (ISU) is arguably one of the largest and oldest universities in U.S having begun way back in 1900. Like any other big university, the institution attracts students from all over the world. The university is also diversified in terms ofcourses and services offered. This makes the university a place of diversity in terms of culture, tribe and the groups of people in the institution.This paper discusses the different groups of people that make up the Idaho State University community. Composition Being a large institution,ISU draws its membership from all over the world. However, the largest population comprises of Americans from State of Idaho. The next large group comprises of students from other states in America. The smallest group comprises of international students. The population of ISU can be divided into four major groups. These groups include local students, international students,working class people and religious affiliated people.Each group of people has their own characteristic features which differentiate them from the rest. Local Students This is arguably the largest group of people in ISU. It comprises of students from Idaho State as well as the neighboring states. This group is characterized by English speaking peopleof American origin.The greatest percentage is non-Hispanic whites. They comprise the largest population of the school and are equally distributed among all faculties. This group of students is also actively involved in college activities such assports and cultural activities. A subgroup of these people commutes from their nearby homes. International Students This group consists of students from other countries outside U.S. The major characteristic of this group is that most of them come from non-English speaking countries and as such they can easily be noted from theiraccent and fluency in English. A good percentage of these people are of Asian origin andthey can alsodifferentiated by their skin color. This group may not be very vibrant in school activities such as sports but they are notable in international student organization bodies. This group of people is differentiated from local people by their tendency to dissociate intosubgroups in which they share common interests such as race or origin. Working Class Persons Another important group of people that comprises the ISU community is the working class students. This group of people is characterized by the amount of hours they spend in the campus. This group is only found within the university at specified times since they have to work and study at the same time. This group is mostly found within the university in the evening. Unlike most of other groups who are affiliated with one student body or organ