ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Arab American literature acquired a lot of attention in the late 1980s. It is flourishing now due to creativeness and outstanding imagery world created by the writers who address quite burning issues. Diana Abu-Jaber is one of Arab American female writers who manage to communicate really important massages to the American society. Notably, this ethnic group has always been in the borderline between whites and non-whites. Arab Americans are seen as whites by the government, though they do not fit in the American society due to their cultural background (Fadda-Conrey 188). They also cannot be a part of African American community or any other community as they are totally different. The major value of such novels as Arabian Jazz and Crescent is that the author managed to reveal this borderline position of Arab American females who still have to search for their own identity between the two worlds, American society and their cultural backgrounds. In my thesis, I will analyse the means Diana Abu-Jaber used to reveal the borderline position of an Arab American female who had to face a number of issues and had to search for her own identity. Literature Review In the first place, I will consider peculiarities of Arab literature which make it distinctively different from American literature. Orfalea focuses on the Arab tradition in Arab American literature and claims that it is highly poetic (115). This is what makes Arab American prose so appealing, emotional and creative (Hassan 20). Apart from the form, it is essential to analyse the themes revealed in the novels. Many critics focus on self-identification. For instance, Chérif considers Arab American literature in terms of gender roles and the author states that females are in between of the American liberal society and Arab patriarchal society, which forces them to search for themselves (209). El-Hajj and Harb also focus on females’ search for self-identity and claim that females may be somewhat alienated by their cultural background as American and Arab traditions differ (138). Hartman is more concerned with the place of Arabs in the American society and claims that Arab Americans try to find their place in one of the communities or in-between (146). For instance, Abu-Jaber’s characters in Arabian Jazz try to find their way through music (jazz, rhythm and blues) which is regarded as Blacks’ music (Hartman 146). Majaj explores the issues Arab Americans may encounter in the American society and argues that Abu-Jaber reveals different ways Arab American females try to fit into the American society (n.p.). It is also important to note that many critics explore the scope of themes considered in Arab American literature. Ludescher considers peculiarities of Arab American literature and notes that writers should carefully reveal their viewpoints since
The data below represents population estimates by age group and gender of non–citizens. The data was obtained from the official website of the Abu Dhabi Statistics Centre. The data is quantitative since it is numerical but it has been grouped. The groups are in class intervals of four with the first group having the interval 0-4 years and the last group being above 80 years. From our analysis, the mean age for both males and females is 33 years with the mode being 27 years and the median class was 30-34 years. The majority of the non-citizens were male while the female population stood at 7.6% of the total. Most of the female population was in the 20-24, 25-29 and 30-34 age brackets. A significant number of the female population was also in the 0-4 and 5-9 age groups. Meanwhile, the majority of the male population was found in the 25-29, 30-34 and 35-39 age brackets. Only 100 females were above 60 years but none was above 65 years. On the other hand, there were 1,100 males in the 60-64 years age group and 200 males in the 65-69 age groups. As seen in the histograms below, the general population (both male and female) is skewed to the left (negative skew). This skew is influenced by the male population as it the more than the female population.
The figure of Andrew Jackson in the history of the USA is closely connected with the notion of ‘Jacksonian democracy’ which is based on the principles of the equality in policy. Nevertheless, today historians argue the most controversial aspects of Jackson’s political activity with paying much attention to the inequality of his actions’ effects for different classes of the American society of the 1830-1840s. To understand the nature of the debates, it is necessary to analyze the most significant political controversies of the period which help to reveal the key divisions among the Americans regarding the development of the nation. The period of ‘Jacksonian democracy’ is characterized by the formation of the new Democratic Party and by the development of the opposition to it in the form of the Whigs. There are two contrary visions of the peculiarities of the period which, one the one hand, depend on the opinion that Jackson was inclined to abuse the Executive power and, on the other hand, on the image of Jackson as the protector of the public’s rights, freedoms, and interests against the monopoly of the powerful aristocracy (Ogg, 90-91). Thus, Jackson accentuated the limitation of the federal governmental rights and the opposition to corrupting alliances between the government and business (Meacham). That is why the central conflicts in the political life of the USA in the 1830s were the problem of protective tariffs and the issue of the National Bank of the United States. The growing dissatisfaction with the protectionist’s system and with the ‘tariffs of abominations’ resulted in the open confrontation of South Carolina to the federal government. Thus, South Carolina passed the nullification ordinance in 1832 (Meacham). This political conflict between the North and the South in America was a serious challenge for the President. However, Jackson showed his firmness and inflexibility while solving the crisis and accentuated the unconstitutional character of the state’s actions because there was a real threat to the state’s integrity (Ogg). The most acute, but also successful was Jackson’s struggle on the issue of the extension of the National Bank’s activities. The idea of the extension was developed by the opposite Whigs. Nevertheless, concentrating on the dissatisfaction and disappointment of the ordinary investors, farmers, and workers, Jackson transferred the governmental deposits to the local banks, and in 1836 the Second Bank of the United States was closed. However, the negative effect was that the states’ banks became actively involved in the speculative activities without the control from the centre. The situation in the country became particularly tensed when the economic crisis began in the United States in 1837 (Meacham). The next controversial aspect of Jackson’s political activity was connected with the issue of the expansion of the state’s territories to the Western coasts and the governmental policy in relation to the Indians. Moreover,
Introduction This paper aims at analyzing the plight of refugees in various detention camps in the US, and Australia. It is factual that refugees go through difficulties in the camps since immigration officials harass them to accept illegal pacts and raw deals (Bagshaw & Paul 2004, p. 41). Immigration officials force refugees to accept their pleas such as extending sexual favors. Some immigrants report that immigration officials are unwelcoming and use unacceptable language when addressing them. This paper aims at uncovering the injustices meted out to refugees in the US and Australia. The main purpose of the paper is to expose the injustices that refugees face in their daily lives. In society, each person has the right to exercise his or her freedom. Detention facilities interfere with the rights of detainees because they force them to support illegal deals in the detention facilities. The detention facilities should support refugees emotionally while they solve their problems through legal means. However, the detention facilities go against the acceptable codes of conduct by taking advantage of the plight of refugees. Through this paper, the world will appreciate the fact that refugees have a right, just like other citizens. Background Immigrants face a number of challenges in the United States and Australia. Australia and the US are two countries preferred by refugees who run away from political and economic hardships (Cohen 2004, p. 467). Refugees fleeing to the US and Australia are mostly Africans who believe that economic conditions would favor them there. The two countries face serious challenges in ensuring that their borders are safe. On the other hand, the countries are expected to assist refugees in need of commodities such as food, water, shelter, and security. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees is an agency that was created to help displaced individuals in the third world and other parts of the world. In 1951, there were an approximated 1.5 billion refugees in the world. The figure went up in 2009 to 43.3 billion, including approximated 15.2 billion displaced individuals, 983000 refuge seekers, and 27.1 internally displaced people. People run away from their homes due to natural disasters, political insecurity, and harsh economic conditions. Current studies show that at least five factors encourage people to run away from their home countries to either Australia or the US. In Europe and Africa, individuals migrate to the two countries because of wage differences between the home countries and the two foreign countries. These factors are commonly referred to as the pull factors because they attract people to migrate to the US or Australia. The US and Australia have experienced retarded growth implying in population to an extent that the two countries do not have sufficient labor. Hiking salaries and wages is one of the strategies employed to attract the global labor force (Evans 2007, p. 73). Another factor that forces people to move to greener pastures is the population growth in the home country. Some countries have witnessed a massive population growth in the recent past, which forces indi
Budget type in the healthcare organization My organization is a non-profit children’s hospital, which is why effective budgeting is crucial to ensure that the organization does not suffer any losses. At the moment, the hospital is using the add-on budget type. Add-on budgets are based on previous years’ budgets that are adjusted for known changes, such as salaries, inflation rate, and more. This type of budget is used by the company as it contributes to preventing losses, thus helping the hospital to continuously serve patients. However, there are also certain downfalls to the add-on budget in the healthcare setting. For instance, it does not allow for planned expenses that are different from year to year, such as the purchase of new equipment or legal costs. A more viable alternative would be for the hospital to switch to the strategic budget, which tailors the budget to the company’s needs according to its strategy. The strategic budget would allow the hospital to include more staff in the decision-making process, thus promoting better patient outcomes. Staff participation in budgeting and strategic planning Strategic planning is an important tool that allows companies to develop successful strategies based on the internal and external forces affecting organizational performance. Thus, budgeting is somewhat connected to strategic planning as it contributes to the company’s development if used efficiently. However, whereas strategic planning is more focused on the external forces affecting the organization, budgeting activities have to take into account the processes that occur at different levels within the companies. Therefore, engaging various personnel in budgeting activities can help companies to make more effective and realistic budgets. In my agency, budgeting processes are performed by the higher management, including the CEO, the Board of Directors, and the Chief Financial Officer. Middle- and low-level workers do not usually participate in the process. However, they can still impact budgeting decisions by making applications for budget extensions, purchase of equipment, and more. The applications are carefully reviewed and, if an adequate rationale for the costs is provided, included in the budget. In the case of strategic planning, regular employees play a more prominent role, as they are required to provide insight into the functioning of their unit or department. Throughout the year, employees can submit their notes, ideas, and concerns to the management. Heads of departments, on the other hand, file quarterly reports that outline the work of their department, its strengths and weaknesses, and more. Employees’ notes are included in these reports and are thus passed to the higher management for review. For instance, last year,
In my everyday life, I play many different roles, but currently, the most prominent one is the role of a student. This role is primarily for me because the majority of people whom I communicate with observe me as such. A college in itself is a place where people are expressing distinct roles and act according to this setting, or shared reality (OpenStax 86). Every person at this stage has a determining role they are expected to play. As a student, I am expected to complete many tasks in a short amount of time and behave in a specific manner. This includes being polite and respectful to others by their status in the educational facility, as well as being prepared for the tasks, being attentive, and on time. While in college with many people around, especially if there are any professors present, I feel obligated to stay at my best behavior. However, the situation differs when there are only students around, as there is a different kind of pressure in the company of equals. Cooley states that “we imagine how we look to others, draw conclusions based upon their reactions to us” (qtd. in OpenStax 87). Since I am expected to behave differently in front of these two hierarchical groups, I act the way I want that group of people to think of me. I perceive my status as a college student as something that I have achieved. I believe many other students follow the same trail of thoughts, and I regard them as equals in this setting. A student can have many various responsibilities, duties, and behaviors to follow in a college and outside of it, and can experience role strain. I experience role strain during my study when multiple overlaying duties accumulate and overlap with my other roles. Role strain is especially prominent during exams, however, it is still manageable. Work Cited OpenStax. Introduction to Sociology . 2nd ed., Rice University, 2017.
Introduction The dialog Crito , in which Socrates explains his reasons for having chosen in favor of remaining at the prison and facing the execution, has traditionally been referred to as one of the most intellectually refined argumentative defenses of the very notion of a statehood. In its turn, this explains why, until comparatively recent times, people used to find it rather challenging to come up with discursively legitimate objections to Socrates’ ‘pro-death’ argumentation, deployed throughout the dialogue’s entirety. Nevertheless, as of today, this effectively ceased to be the case, because: a) the realities of a post-industrial living render the classical concept of a statehood/law hopelessly outdated; b) the recent discoveries in the fields of biology and physics expose the assumption that there should be an ‘afterlife’ after one’s death, conceptually fallacious. Given the fact that the notions of ‘statehood/law’ and ‘afterlife’ are prominently featured in the Socrates’ line of reasoning, the philosopher’s arguments can no longer be considered legitimate. In my paper, I will aim to explore the validity of this suggestion at length. Analytical part Socrates’ defense of his decision to remain in the prison makes a perfectly logical sense. First, the philosopher points out to the fact that it is only a righteous living, which can be fully enjoyed. Second, in order for just about anyone to be considered a righteous individual, he or she must be courageous and intellectually honest enough to never cease being observant of the provisions of a secular law. This is because it is specifically this law’s unco
This reflective paper analyses IT governance model adopted by Alcan Engineered Products Company. It explores the Accenture model used by Alcan. The model operates on the assumption that if IT model operate as a profit center in an organization, then there will be increased operational efficiency and leverage of the whole company. It also analyzes Alcan’s IT model in line with Weills and Rose model. Finally, it compared Ouelette model with Accenture model. Rito Tinto Alcan (Alcan Engineered Products) is involved in making finished aluminum products in automotive, transportation, aerospace and manufacturing. In addition, it provides engineering expertise, research, and development services. With these services in their production line, the company falls in the first quadrant of the Accenture model which is a responsive solution provider. This can be attributed to the fact that it is a renowned company and therefore, cable of changing fast in response to the dynamics of business environment. In addition, the company would need to be efficient in its operations in order to maintain competitive advantage in the product and service market. In the context of Alcan Engineered Products, the decision areas outlined in the Weill and Ross IT governance model entails clarification of the business role of IT in the company. At Alcan, this decision was made by top management. The process of defining integration and standardization requirements was done by a team of IT group from Alcan and Accenture consultants. The same team of IT group from Alcan and Accenture consultants determined and laid down all infrastructure requirements for desired change and specified the business needs for purchase or internally development of an IT application. Besides, top managers (business monarchy) posses the veto powers on the choice of an initiative for funding the resolutions. In addition, these top managers decide on how much to spend on each project. The business top management, IT group, and consultants from Accenture were involved in the decision making process for the change-over at Alcan Engineered Products reflecting a monarchy type of governance. Factually, this can be attributed to the nature of work expected. It would require specialist in the field of IT in support from top management reflecting governance style where dec
Colonization and Conquest: Chapters 1-2 Howard Zinn wrote the above book so as to describe the United States’ past concerning the point of view of persecution and marginalization of individuals instead of the accustomed elites and personalities of heroes. Chapter one explains how the Europeans and Christopher Columbus colonized south and North America, where they enslaved and killed the Indians in the process (Zinn 154). The author uses the words India to refer to the origin of Native Americans, which was Asia. Another significant event discussed in chapter two in the early colonies in North America was enslavement. The English colonist utilized the slaves they had abducted from their homes in Africa for free labor; the poor whites were also forced to work for free to pay their debts. The slaves would frequently stage revolts against their masters, which led to the elites being afraid that the black slaves and poor whites would unite and take control of the colonies. This ideology forced the nobility to separate the blacks and poor whites not to overtake them in the territory. Zinn debates that racism is a product of historical conditions. Colonial and Revolutionary America: Chapter 3-5 Chapter three primarily focuses on class inequality in the early colonial between poor immigrants and wealthy landowners. The next chapter, which is four, discusses the American Revolution perpetuating a mode of responding to rebellion and class conflict in colonies. The author depicts the United States’ foundation in chapter five, including the declaration of independence and the constitution, allowing the elites to retain their governorship. The author discusses what American evolution meant, which was different from the understanding of the Indians and poor colonists. Early America and Manifest Destiny: Chapter 6-8 Zinn discusses women’s extinct subordinate position in early America in chapter six. The chapter investigates how social forces led to the oppression of women and expounds on the foundation of the women’s movement in the 19th era. Chapter seven focuses on how President Andrew Jackson and other leaders in America forced Indians to leave their native land and migrate to the west. The concept of manifest destiny is discussed in chapter eight, how the United States could fight the Mexican war and conquer more western territory. Civil Wars: Chapter 9-0 Zinn describes how the slaves in the U.S were resilient and courageous in the face of hardship in chapter nine. The civil war and the end of slavery were influenced by economic and practical interests, which brought changes to the lives of the freed slaves. In chapter ten, Zinn discusses how the war was battled by the rural and urban whites protesting their working conditions (Zinn 168). The government did not support the ordinary American worker; hence the laborers were forced to protest and strike, demanding better wages and reduced hours to work Robber Barons, Rebels and Imperialism: Chapter 11-12 The theme of chapter eleven is the industrial revolution of the 19th era that led to the i