ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Company analysis Red bull soft drink is one of the multinational corporations operating in many countries around the globe. In the Middle East, the corporation is present in many countries particularly in Saudi Arabia where it has based its manufacturing headquarters. The company specializes in the manufacture of high-energy content soft drinks providing various benefits to the users particularly those involved in high performances such as sports (McNaughton 3). The products of the company are currently being sold in over 160 countries around the globe. In addition, the growth of the company in the market share has been remarkable. Over the past year, the company’s global market share was approximated to have grown by over 15% with Saudi Arabian subsidiary contributing around 30%. The expansion in the market share has been exacerbated by the increasing growth in the returns on investments approximated to be over 39% in the last financial year. The company focus is to sustain the highest industrial values at the same time positioning itself as the energy soft drink leader in the market (McNaughton 3). In addition, the company is focusing on delivering superior customer value in a more efficient and cost effective process. Moreover, the company aims to increase its presence in the world soft drinks market particularly in the fast growing and developing Asian markets. The aggressive global expansion strategies have enabled the company to establish itself in many countries around the globe. The company plans to apply similar strategy to enter into the Asian market particularly in the Far East countries. Environmental analysis The environmental analysis tool will be applied to analyze the macro-environment that affects the company operations as well as the external factors that may affect its products. The macro-environmental factors include the political, economical, social technological, and legal. The external factors are critical considerations in the company’s internationalization strategies. Political factors Red bull soft drink is a multinational company operating in many countries especially in North America, Europe and Asia. As such, its products are sold in a wide spectrum of political environments. Moreover, Red bull soft drink consumers are spread across the political divide found in all
Upon reading the short story “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson, one cannot help but realize that it is seemingly a critique of the age-old traditions, practices, and beliefs that we continue to follow without sufficient justification behind their continued use. Evidence of this can be seen in the way in which the townspeople seemingly forgot the exact origins of the lottery, what it was for, and why they had to do it in the first place. It even reached a point where the people associated the lottery as a necessity towards controlling uncontrollable natural events, as seen in the phrase: “Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.” This was similar to the case of the ancient Aztec civilization wherein human sacrifices were utilized in order to bring rain and bountiful harvests. Yet, in either scenario, there is no natural correlation between having a human sacrifice and there being a bountiful harvest. It should also be noted that in the story it was indicated that the lottery was actually being stopped in other villages, with several people within the village commenting that stopping the lottery was a bad idea since it was a tradition that dated back for a long time and was part of the village’s cultural tradition. This type of argument is quite similar to what is seen in the present wherein various religions such as Islam often espouse practices such as a woman wearing a headscarf or that women do not need to be educated further than what is appropriate. The inherent justification behind such practices is the supposed necessity of conforming to age-old beliefs as taught by the Qur’an. It should also be noted that the mid 1900s was a time of great civil unrest associated with the African American Civil Rights Movement. It is during this period of time that many practices within the U.S. were questioned, and, as such, I believe that writing this story was a way in which the author attempted to showcase the inherent problems with sticking to age-old practices that made little sense when placed within a modern-day era. For me, this is the primary reason why “The Lottery” has become a timeless short story classic due to the proliferation of instances where various societies still continue to stick to old practices and traditions that have no place within
Plato’s point of view appeared to me as a more appealing out of the two presented opinions on the best course for a political regime within a country. His arguments against democracy provide a logical conclusion that a person whose actions and decisions affect the lives of many must be exceptionally well trained for this position (“Democracy’s Harshest Critic – Plato”). Plato’s arguments against Athenian democracy reveal severe flaws in the system that call for a different form of government, such as Plato’s republic. It is possible to analyze how Plato came to this conclusion by looking at the society of that period. Democratic ideas were prevalent in Ancient Greece, although there were two major views on political affairs within the country. The community within Athens was built on democracy, where every man had equal power in political matters (Goldhill). This notion was not a right but more of a duty for every citizen, where their participation in politics was mandatory (Goldhill). However, it was also a place where privacy was nonexistent, and democracy was a primary responsibility for Athenians (Goldhill). Plato was not convinced that such distribution of power was in any way reasonable. Harper states that Plato saw how “democracy is no guarantee of justice,” and the ruling of the masses was not an ideal choice (2:00). Instead, his perfect ruler was an expert in politics who was trained from a young age to become a leader of a nation, as Spartans did with their youth (Harper 3:01). The lack of vision that was guaranteed under the rule of those who are unfit to rule is detrimental. There are issues with Pluto’s proposition that are worth noting. For example, Thucydides argues that some people might be “kept in political obscurity because of poverty” and other reasons that diminish their worth in the eyes of a ruler. This notion can be detrimental to society, which will end up divided into vastly different classes. However, Plato’s system specifically focuses on giving power to those who possess the knowledge on how to govern the masses (“Democracy’s Harshest Critic – Plato”). This fact implies that the person in charge must be able to prevent such issues from ever occurring.
Introduction For a long time now, Hong Kong has acted as the bridge linking China to the rest of the world. Seemingly, this is no longer the case since China is further opening up. China is growing very fast and the current situation is far much different from what used to be the case close to two decades ago (Austin and Carr 2000, 4). The Bloomberg, which gives the US dollar performance for different economies, has for the last two to three decades showed that Hong Kong’s economic performance is way above Shanghai’s but this is no longer the case. Economists at action point in Singapore state that, going by the current numerals, Shanghai’s economy has slowly overtaken that of Hong Kong (Bray 2009, 12). This can be attributed to a multitude of current economic abilities and disabilities of the two well-performing economies. Going back to history, these two economies started performing immediately China opened up following the head of state, Deng Xiaoping’s move to unfetter the communists’ seizure of the economy back in 1978 (Cheng 1987, 33). Economists are stating that Shanghai is right back on its track to regain position as the economic hub of China. This is a position that the city held during the pre-war era. Competition between these two cities rightly exists and is quite healthy since it is enhancing positive economic competition. Hong Kong Hong Kong is a capitalistic service economy in China. Hong Kong’s economy exhibits low tax rates and free trade situations and its currency is the Hong Kong dollar. The economy of Hong Kong is based on the principle of positive non-interventionism and the city is very dependent on international or rather external trade and finance. Hong Kong boasts a sound and strong banking system. It has no existing public debts and its legal system is very strong and effective in running the city’s economic affairs. Hong Kong posses a large foreign exchange reserve and its anti-corruption policies are strong enough to keep all corrupt practices at bay (Zaffron and Steve 2009, 9). Hong Kong also has very close links to China, which is the Mainland, and this has enabled it to quickly change things to fit into the requisites of the market for its goods and any other economic occurrences that need rapid adjustments. Economists postulate that Hong Kong’s economy is larger than that of Israel and even Ireland. Hong Kong’s GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity is placed at number six globally according to 2011 economic data (Branford 2000, 13). The GDP per capita is placed at a position higher than that of the United States of America, Netherlands and slightly higher than that of Brunei. One way Hong Kong has been able to achieve greatly is through its modernization in terms of all sectors of the economy. Hong Kong is at present a modern society and consequently a modern economy, as per the measurements of the preset modernization standards. Firstly, Hong Kong has recently joined the league of industrialized regions. However, Hong Kong maintains t
Introduction Enrique (Rick) and Miriam are second-generation immigrants as Enrique’s parents moved from Mexico and Miriam’s family are Jews who moved from Russia. Today they have successful careers and are part of the American society because they have entirely assimilated into the United States. Rick and Miriam were raised in low-income families, which showed them the cost of labor. Simultaneously, their children are American despite their roots and have grown up wealthy as their family has a middle-class income. In addition, the parents’ peculiarity is that they grew up in large families with siblings, although their relationship is now significantly different, since Rick is close to his family, and Miriam only communicates with one sister. Religion also does not matter much in the Martinez family, although Miriam nominally considers herself and her children Jews. The family does not experience a lack of money as Rick develops a successful business, and Miriam works as a freelancer in well-known magazines. Consequently, the family does not face the economic and social problems that led them to therapy. However, parents often don’t have enough family time, especially Rick. However, the family agreed to therapy because their eldest son, Ricky, has a problem with his behavior and performance in class and was generally more aggressive than earlier. Although Miriam believed her son needed additional hours of studying, she agreed to a couple of therapy sessions for the whole family. However, during therapy, it was also revealed that the Martinez family has significant communication problems with each other. The first level of misunderstanding is visible between the spouses since Miriam believes that if the husband were busy with less work, then his children would be more obedient, and the woman would be able to devote more time to her career. In addition, communication gaps exist between Rick and Ricky because they spend very little time together. At the same time, the youngest son has problems with Miriam as he challenges her authority as the mother. Thus, while the main reasons for attending therapy are Ricky’s lousy behavior and attitude, other problems demonstrate that therapy is essential for the whole family. Genogram, Culturgram and Ecomap The genogram and culturagram are convenient and essential tools for assessing family members’ interactions and choosing an intervention method. Although some general information about parent-child relationships has been provided during the first session, the genogram would help to see the specifics of extended family interactions. For example, Rick’s genogram can demonstrate the influence of other family members on the man’s decision and show whether Rick experiences “emotional fusion” with his parents and siblings (McGoldrick et al., 2008). Miriam can understand the reasons and characteristics of a fight with her parents to make peace with them or pay less attention to the conflict. At the same time, the cultural genogram also identified pride and shame issues related to the origins of Rick and Miriam as second-generation migrant
Introduction Background According to Millichamp, Martin, and Langley (2006), there has been an increase in adolescence delinquent behaviour in the recent past across the world. The increased cases of adolescent violence, permissive sexual behaviour, truancy, and rebellion at school and at home are manifestations of childhood indiscipline. Discipline is a learned behaviour (Latzman & Latzman 2015; Derringer et al. 2010). Braza et al. (2015, p. 848) address the subject of resilience in kids from authoritative backgrounds. Parents of such kids seem to influence positively their kids’ psychological progress. Parents play an important role in instilling discipline in their children. Their place in moulding children discipline makes it subjective to societal values, beliefs, customs, and education systems. They become self-disciplined. Therefore, it is possible to tell whether an adolescent was disciplined during his or her childhood based on the way he or she behaves. The manifestation of cases of adolescent indiscipline, for example through sexual perversion, violence, and rebellion, are evident in the international front. For example, in 2009, 55,000 adolescent students were suspended from Australian secondary schools following physical delinquency. In Belgium, most of the teachers who quit from the teaching profession cite student violence as that major cause of their actions. In 2007, the National Centre for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice Statistics of the United States of America indicated that 7% of the teachers in the US encountered threats of injury from students. These cases of adolescent violence and rebellion are attributed to poor parenting, environmental predisposition, and individual adolescent features. Adolescents can learn violence from observing adults who act violently. This claim implies that a child can learn to be aggressive from observing parents kick, pinch, punch, or behave ferociously to one another or to strangers (Taillieu & Brownridge 2013). Children with low Intelligent Quotients (IQ) are likely to be naughty than their high-IQ counterparts (Millichamp, Martin & Langley 2006). As such, low-IQ children require disciplining from a tender age before they reach adolescence (Li et al. 2013; Pereira et al. 2015). These children are also likely to be antisocial, a factor that predisposes them to be brutal during their adolescence. This situation calls for early rectification of the behaviour through simulated and innate rewards and punishment from parents and teachers. As a form of skill, discipline should also be instilled during childhood, especially to male kids who show symptoms of attention difficulties, low motor skills, and difficulties in reading since such boys are likely to be unrefined during their adolescence. Parents and teachers can rectify this early manifestation. Exposure of children to a violent environment also teaches them to be vicious (Munro, van Niek
Introduction Nuclear weapons create the main threat for modern civilizations. The cultivation and proliferation of nuclear weapons have led not only Americans but all of humankind into a fearsome trap. The proposition, therefore, that law has an enduring relevance to the problem of nuclear weapons should be obvious. Sooner or later, in some form or another, the law must be brought to bear upon the ultimate peril, or that peril will surely be realized. That is the reason for the publication of this volume. Iran is one of the countries developing nuclear weapons in spite of strict international laws and legislation. The book Reading Lolita in Tehran by Azar Nafisi vividly portrays that the international community cannot control the domestic policies of this country and believes in its peaceful intentions. Abuse of human rights and laws is typical for Iran provided aggressive militarization of the country. Main body The main problem with Iran’s policies (domestic and international) is that it is difficult to predict them and foreshadow the next step in its activities. Reciprocal terror characterized Western culture long before nuclear weapons were even thought of, the existence of these weapons has created an entirely new situation, an entirely new level of reciprocal terror. The meaning is—at least, should be—clear: time-honored principles of governmental behavior must be re-examined. Political leaders no longer can ensure the survival of the state, or of the populace, should nuclear war break out. Accordingly, nuclear weapons must be eliminated (Schake 67). Just as Western liberal democracies have limited the state as the ultimate repository of police power, the state must be limited in its behavior as the ultimate repository of nuclear war-making power. Iran adopts aggressive policies against the US and the western world aimed to prove the military and political strengths of the region. Terrorist attacks and Jihad are the main principles adopted by the country’s leadership. “Iran threatens to resume production and testing of centrifuges in retaliation for IAEA complaints; Iran resumes uranium conversion in September 2005; President Ahmadinejad claims Iran is prepared to transfer nuclear knowledge to other Muslim nations” (Schake 3). Those who argue that nuclear weapons are now illegal base their case on a variety of widely accepted treaties and principles of customary international law dealing primarily with the humanitarian laws of war and the protection of human rights. These rules, for example, require combatants to protect civilians and avoid attacking non-military targets, bar the use of weapons likely to inflict indiscriminate and disproportionate damage or cause needless suffering, prohibit genocide, and require governments to respect human life and dignity. The proponents argue that the use of nuclear weapons would inevitably involve massive violations of these fundamental rules of war and of human rights. As further evidence of an international consensus barring such weapons, they point to a number of recent U.N. General Assemb
Introduction My visit to the Virginia Holocaust Museum was a valuable experience as I could learn and even experience several essential things. I would consider my participation to be rather active and effective as I managed to see numerous artifacts and contemplate over the most striking and meaningful (at least, in my opinion) ones. I paid specific attention to various objects, as I believe that those artifacts can tell a lot. Of course, letters and survivors’ accounts were central to my experience. I think it is impossible to understand certain events without ideas and even feelings of those involved. The most moving part of the visit is related to such artifacts as the rail car, and the courtroom as those two experiences made me think of social justice and different ways people use to treat each other. I also believe that my participation was effective as I first looked at artifacts (read them, entered them, listened to them). I started discussing those things only after I had developed my own opinion. I wanted to make sure that I could listen to myself and truly feel what the Holocaust was for humanity and is for me. Experiences As has been mentioned above, the rail car and the courtroom left me with the strongest impression. I had known a lot about the Holocaust before the visit. However, I had not had a chance to feel the Holocaust. The rail car enabled me to feel the fear, anxiety, despair, and hope experienced by those who had to travel in those inhumane conditions. I was quite surprised to feel hope. However, on second thoughts, I realized that the feeling was rather natural as all those people understood the major outcome of their travel but still hoped that they would survive. In the courtroom, I felt nothing but disgust. I despised the defendants who treated so many people like animals. At the same time, I felt disgusted by the system as well. I felt it was a huge example of people’s hypocrisy as it all had started much earlier than the war. Nevertheless, all nations observed and did nothing, which mad the Nazi belief that they could do anything in the world. I also felt quite emotional when I was looking at all those objects associated with the Holocaust. I felt depressed when I saw those labels that divided people into certain groups. Conclusion I believe the visit was an eye-opening experience that contributed to my understanding of social justice issues. The artifacts helped me understand what the Holocaust was and what people should do to develop truly just societies. I now believe that some things can never be a part of our life. The labels that divided people into good citizens and some outcasts can be regarded as symbols. I felt outraged that someone could think they had the right to create those groups. I felt very sad when I realized that various labels exist in the modern world and American society. Some think it is not labeling but differ
Difficulties in Accessing Higher Education Before the civil war, my access to higher education was limited because all blacks were slaves. As slaves, we were part of the property owned by our white masters. Therefore, we could not enjoy any of the elementary rights that other citizens enjoyed. We were not allowed to vote, go to school, or even walk freely around the country. That was the reason we did not access education by the early 1800s. The situation worsened when laws were passed in 1829, outlawing blacks from participating in all matters of formal education. Even if I had the opportunity to participate in higher education, I could not have managed to take advantage of it since it was expensive, and I would have nothing to eat after school. None of the black families, especially in the South, owned anything or was wealthy enough to pay their school fees. Worse still, we always worked for our food. Therefore, going to school would bring about starvation. The Change In the late 1800s, many things changed in favor of blacks. Laws were passed, allowing us to vote and go to school. We were also triumphal when we got our freedom after the civil war. When we were granted freedom in 1865, many schools were opened throughout the country, specifically for freedmen. In addition, missionaries and other philanthropic groups volunteered to support our education. They taught us in schools and gave us financial support for our school fees. The Morrill Acts also gave us a huge opportunity to access a college education. Many colleges were opened, and we were admitted. The formation of the Freedmen’s Bureau was also very crucial in helping us access a college education. It catered for all our college needs. Institutions of higher learning have radically changed. At the moment, they admit blacks as both students and employees. We can now access education and job opportunities. Many of my friends have been employed as cooks, tutors, and gardeners. I am likely to participate in higher education because I want to use my hard-earned freedom to motivate my fellow freedmen. I am sure participating in higher education as a tutor will be a brilliant way to motivate other blacks who still believe they are not good enough for higher education.