ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The analysis of the Balme Library case shows that one of the principal drawbacks of the implemented management strategy is poor performance measurement. One draws such a conclusion due to a series of factors. First of all, the lack of a systematic job analysis signifies the absence of a complex idea of the responsibilities that each employee is obliged to carry out. In view of this, one is unable to measure the level of the performance effectiveness as long as initial requirements remain unclear. Secondly, the lack of collaboration between managers and employees on the point of targeting is another sign of a poor measurement policy. One might assume that the failure to set particular and precise aims prevents managers from monitoring the effectiveness of the personnel’s work. In other words, it is impossible to characterize one’s performance unless the employer has a definite vision of the expected outcomes. Moreover, according to the provided statistics, 60% of employees do not discuss their performance with the management (Aguinis, 2012). The relevant fact is the most consistent reason for one to assume that the Balme Library pursues a poor measurement strategy. As a result, one has reasons to believe that the poor implementation of performance measurement has a significant negative impact on the entire performance management process. First and foremost, the lack of precise criteria of efficiency is likely to play a role of a misleading factor in the staff’s performance. Hence, an organization that does not monitor the work of its employees step by step enables the latter to neglect some of their responsibilities hoping that the incident will be overlooked. Body of text Furthermore, performance measurement is primarily aimed at identifying the most common gaps and eliminating them (Luecke & Hall, 2006). As a consequence, poor measurement handling leads to the repetition of the same mistakes over and over again. The worst point about this particular case resides in the fact that the longer one’s fault remains unnoticed; the harder it will be for a manager to correct it. Thus, an employee is likely to express reasonable discontent about being criticized for the manner of work that would never concern the management before. Another potential outcome of a low-quality measurement is a motivation decline in the staff. One should necessary note that performance measurement consists of both critics and appraisal. The defect in a measurement system, consequently, implies the fact that the employees do not receive sufficient encouragement and thus, have less inspiration to try harder. Therefore, the question whether there are any effective measures the management should carry out in order to improve the situation. One should note that the question of performance measurement has been widely discussed by various sociologists so that the problem now has numerous solutions. Among the most popular approaches to the measurement management, one might point out obse
Introduction “Nano” comes from a Greek word meaning ‘dwarf”. When used as a prefix for a measuring unit, it denotes one billionth of that unit. For example, “a nanometer refers to one-billionth of a meter or 10-9 meter, which is quite a small number” (Deal, 2002, p. 21). For comparison, human hair is about 80,000 nanometers thick (RoyalSociety 2004, p. 5). An atom is the smallest complete unit of matter and atoms combine to form molecules. Nanotechnology refers to the process of building new things on a very small scale from individual atoms and molecules. Traditionally, objects are made from raw materials such as wood, stone, cotton, metal, paper, etc. In the case of nanotechnology, the products are built by using atoms and molecules as the building blocks (Johnson, 2006). The power of nanotechnology may be understood by using a simple example: coal and diamond have different characteristics but they are both made up of carbon atoms with different structural arrangements. Nanotechnology facilitates the rearrangement of atoms and molecules and thereby gives control over the characteristics of the product that is being made. Thus, many of the products of nanotechnology are new products with remarkable properties and some among them are tiny machines with specific functions. Nanotechnology can help create substances harder than steel that is light in weight, computer chips with heavy storage capacity and very small size, and so many other amazing things (Johnson, 2006). It is believed that nanotechnology will transform the way a man dresses, travels, and builds his city. It is already making its presence felt in diverse fields such as medicine, electronics, physical and natural sciences, materials science, engineering, and computer simulation. Nanoparticles In the field
Introduction Gabrielle Bonheur commonly referred to as “Coco” Channel is a fashion designer who has helped shape the fashion community using her contemporary inspiring philosophy “Menswear” in the hunt for costly simplicity making her an icon in the 20 th -century fashion industry. Gabrielle is the initiator of the prosperous fashion brand “Chanel”. The influence she had on the fashion industry was so tremendous that; she made the only person mentioned from the industry in the “Time Magazine’s 20 th Century 100 best influential people”. (Ingrid 1998) Early history Chanel was born in a small city called Saumur, France; On 1883 August 19. She was born to a traveling salesman Albert Chanel and her wife Jeanne Devolve in a peasant village being a second-born girl child. After the birth, the hospice officials who registered her birth misspelled the name of the father to “Chasnel” which nearly made the attempts to trace her roots impossible. The misspelling of the birth names resulted from the illiteracy of the officials who were involved in the registration process that created an issue of interest after she rose to prominence. Chanel was born to parents who had five other children, two sisters, and three brothers. At the age of 12, her mother died of Tuberculosis that later led to the departure of the father to work for money to help raise the children. As a result of lacking parents to look after the children; Chanel had to make it at the Aubazine Catholic orphanage for six years where she got the chance to learn the art of Seamstress. The young Chanel had more training in the areas of sewing at the female relative urban homes therefore greatly helped her improve her knowledge on the field of sewing. After attaining the age of eighteen she left the orphanage and went to the town of Moulins to work as a Cabaret singer due to the ambitions she had towards facing life. However here she had difficulty getting steady work as a musician therefore in her desperate state; she met a young rich French textile inheritor. Chanel later became an acknowledged mistress to Balsan but still had to maintain her tailoring job at the tailoring shop. Later Channel started designing hats as an area of interest that later developed into a major area of specialization for her. (Madsen 1991) After some time Chanel left Balsan and inherited his apartment in the city of Paris. In the year 1913 Chanel opened her first fashion shop that majored in selling a wide range of products that included jackets and raincoats. Unfortunately; after some time Chanel lost her shop to the city authorities but that did not discourage her from the conviction she had in continuing with the fashion business, as it formed a major area of interest for her. Not after so long Chanel met another person who helped her get back her property and gave the financial capital that she used to start a millinery shop around Britt
Introduction British Airways has been in the air business travel since its inception in 1947. This has been coupled with a strong international brand name and good economic performance. However, new and emerging trends have continuously subjected to the airline industry’s management to tough challenges in decision making in the face of turbulent economic times and other global challenges. These challenges include cabin crew strikes, strike threats, adverse global economic conditions, declining profits, financial losses, and reduced consumer spending. Therefore, management decisions, strategic plans and innovative approaches to addressing these issues could have a long term impact on the company’s financial performance and position in the market. These will be the determining factors for the continued survival of the company’s as an air carrier in the turbulent economic times and unfolding global trends. One of the radical, controversial, and high profile decisions made by the company’s management has been massive job cuts. This decision has led to massive industrial strikes which have translated to a loss of business, declining revenue, and a damaged brand name. Management decisions have taken the company through periods of industrial disputes and dispute resolutions. The research was conducted to identify the commercial and managerial problems and challenges facing the company, evaluate the challenges, and design possible solutions to the problems plaguing the industry. In addition, the research was designed to investigate how management decisions and approaches have impacted the company’s revenue and the effects on the economy (Brother 1). The research critically evaluates the impact of management decisions on employee productivity, company revenue, and investigates the appropriate solutions and approaches to addressing these problems and challenges. The report analyses the key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affecting the company and looks at possible approaches for addressing these issues (Bazerman and Moore 2). Statement of the problem Managerial problems experienced by the British Airways have variably been affected by rising fuel costs, international insecurity, job layoffs and salary cuts, industry competition, management plans, strategic decisions, and an uncertain economic environment, leading to a decline in employee productivity, loss of business and declining company profits. , The company has over time experienced declining profits due to increasing oil prices over the years, coupled with a downturn in consumer spending. Clark (1) argues that industrial action by the cabin crew coupled with Iceland’s volcanic eruptions have caused severely impacted on the company’s revenue adding to the massive financial losses it has been experiencing more recently. These unfolding conditions have challenged BA management’s approach to decision making in overcoming these problems. The article, Strategic Management (1) argues that an efficient Management should ensure that company
Counselors and researchers working with children deal with diversity on the everyday basis. Ethical values, as well as professional standards and regulations, support their actions and provide them with guidance in the context of a difficult decision making. The ethical conduct in the field of human behavior implies the ability to show respect for individuality and dignity of patients or clients, research participants, and other people with whom a counselor or a researcher interacts in the professional environment. Institutional Review Board (IRB) Process According to Nicholls et al. (2015), the purpose of research ethics review is “to ensure that human subjects were protected from unethical research” (p. 1). Ethical attitude towards study participants is essential in both qualitative and quantitative research processes. The purpose of ethics review is to ensure that researchers make everything possible to avoid harm to study participants and comply with all regulations and standards which protect the individual and public well-being. These major ethical principles include beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justice, and respect for human rights and dignity (American Psychological Association, 2017). Researchers must reduce the possibility of harm and negative influences on study participants not merely concerning their physical well-being but psychological state and social identity as well. It is also important to ensure confidentially and avoid the disclosure of personal information without the permission of an individual. Practitioners should remember about professional ethics in both the arrangement of the research process and presentation of results to respondents or their caregivers. It means that, when presenting the study results, a psychotherapist must be informative and tactful in order to ensure that participants’ self-identity will not be damaged. Mental Health Services According to Koocher (2008), the decisions about a child’s referral to therapy or medical intervention are usually made by caregivers or school authorities. When a student is referred to educational or psychological assessment or counseling service due to behavioral problems, a psychologist should follow the standard of informed consent prior to the beginning of therapeutical or test procedures. Counselors always seek caregivers’ consent and inform them about the nature, purposes, and potential risks of the procedures. Both children and their parents should be given the opportunity to refuse the offered services, and despite the character of their choice, a competent specialist will always show respect to their decisions and rights (National Association of School Psychologists, 2010). Since children usually have no decisional power in the context of therapy, conflicts of interest among young clients and their guardians may arise. A conflict of interests is a situation in which a child’s independence and autonomy are disrupted under the influence of his/her caregivers. The given concept is the most difficult to manage in practice because, on the one hand, a psychotherapist needs to comply with the legal regulations
The community agency chosen for this activity is Vista Health Clinic, which is also known as Vista Health Center of Cook County. It is located in Palatine, IL (1585 N Rand Road, in particular) ( Vista Health Center of Cook County , 2015). The clinic is near a crossroad of two main roads, which makes it easy to get to. Internist and pediatrician are the professionals that mainly provide healthcare to the clients. The physicians specialize in the Family Medicine, which determines the scope of their patients. To visit a doctor, one is to gain an appointment beforehand, as it is the only way, in which the walk-ins are allowed. Vista Health Clinic works from Monday till Saturday, which enables those who works during the weekdays, have a consultation. As it was mentioned, the clinic encompasses a particular medical specialty. It proves that it has an experience in the group practice. Of course, the fact that the healthcare facility does not provide a wide range of services is likely to make the clients dissatisfied, but it is necessary to remember that today such approach is advantageous. The medicine became very complex, so it becomes impossible to know everything about the innovations in different fields. Thus, the clients who refer to Vista Health Clinic realize that the professional who work with them know not only the basics but are familiar with all peculiarities regarding their specialization. All people who live in Palatine have an opportunity to consult a physician in Vista Health Clinic. The clients are accepted regardless their age and nationality, which is of advantage, as the population in Palatine is diverse and have different origins. Those who have public insurances, such as Medicare, etc. also have an opportunity to refer to this healthcare facility. The professionals live within the community they work with, so it is easy for them to find a common language with the patients. The nurses in Vista Health Clinic promote health and take care of the patients paying attention to the disease prevention. They help the physicians and gather the information about the patients, one’s complaints, provide diagnoses and treat the illness. The nurses are also in charge of preventative care. They are responsible for checkups and immunization; they control tests and conduct health-risk assessments. The nurses help the patients to keep to a healthy lifestyle. They educate the representatives of the general public and manage chronic illness. In some cases, they also coordinate the care provided by the physicians, but as Vista Health Clinic does not have a variety of specialties, it is needed not often. Pediatric nurses work with children predominantly; they sometimes get in touch with the school nurses to gain more information about the kid’s physical condition. They find an approach to children for them to feel comfortable and not to be afraid of the following consultation with a physician. I believe that the experience that I got when being at Vista Health Clinic is very valuable. It allowed me to see ho
In his narrative The Long Voyage , Jorge Semprun tells about his voyage to a concentrated camp called “Buchenwald”, interspersing it with his memories of before and after the voyage. The peculiar detail about the book id the mode of its development: Semprun often uses switches between external to internal setting. What is more, this tool is used both for literary internal and external settings, e.g. physical locations, and for general notions, such as internal and external sides of politics. This shift plays an outstanding role in the plot’s presentation. It gives a chance for the author to compare and contrast many elements of the book including his external state as a character in the book and the stream of conscious in his narration. The contrast between the external and internal, however, is not only used for intensifying the aspects of reality and its perception in different views; Semprun also tries to show the interdependence of global things and some particular notions. Showing that a person is just a small detail in the enormous system of the world, the author later transfers to the inner world of one individual, showing that it can be as great as a sep
The discussion of leadership styles related to midwifery clinical practice is important to guide practitioners in terms of developing their leader skills (Bannon, Alderdice, & McNeills, 2017; Divall, 2015a; Divall, 2015b). In the article “What Attributes Do Australian Midwifery Leaders Identify as Essential to Effectively Manage a Midwifery Group Practice?” Hewitt, Priddis and Dahlen (2019) focused on investigating qualities typical of midwifery leaders in the Australian context. The purpose of this paper is to provide the critique of the selected article and analyse how its findings can inform the practice of midwives. The researchers started their article from discussing the background for the study and presented the relevant purpose for their research: to explore the attributes midwifery managers should have to provide sustainable services. Hewitt et al. (2019) selected a qualitative methodology as appropriate for their study because a qualitative study based on the thematic analysis was effective to collect data for interpreting subjective visions of midwifery leaders regarding attributes to possess. The selected research design, an interpretive study, was chosen as suitable for this project. Furthermore, the researchers also explained the recruitment and sampling strategies. It was stated that purposive sampling was important to attract eight midwives practicing in Australia to provide their views on leadership in this area. The data were successfully collected with the help of semi-structured interviews appropriate for the selected research type. Hewitt et al. (2019) considered their relationship with the participants while adding the statement about reflexivity. The necessity to take approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee at Western Sydney University was also mentioned in the article. The midwives’ narratives were analysed with the help of thematic analysis that was efficient to reveal traits associated with effective midwifery leaders with a focus on transformational leadership. The findings were carefully interpreted in the context of the previous literature, and the importance of transformational leadership qualities in midwifery leaders was discussed in the Australian context. Limitations of the study were also described and addressed by the researchers. The results of the critiqued article can inform midwifery practice while listing the qualities and traits midwives should develop to be perceived as transformational leaders. Following the study results, midwives can develop their effectiveness in interacting with colleagues, focusing on patients’ needs, as well as improving their inner leadership attributes. This article accentuates the importance of developing a transformational leadership style to act as an effective midwifery manager.
According to Sugang (302), cloud computing is a detailed technology that involves the use of mid-remote server and Internet to uphold data and other applications. This technology allows businesses and other users to make use of this application without installing it. Also, they can access their documents using any computer with Internet access (Rodriguez 5). Information that can be offered by a digital system is provided inform of a service using the cloud computing technology. Consumers have the right to use this service without the knowledge on how to manage the resources that are involved. Examples of cloud computing include, Rediffmail, Gmail, Yahoo mail, Ovimail, Hotmail among others. The consumer only requires Internet access and a computer to start receiving and sending mails. Cloud computing consumers and businesses do not have the ownership of the physical infrastructure but they rent from the provider or a third party to avoid masses. They use resources and pay for what they have consumed (Parker 386). There are several types of cloud computing. One of them is software, which is used as a service. Software as service is the most popular form of cloud computing among the users. It provides all the functions of a complicated traditional application to consumers and eliminates customer doubts about application of a server, storage and application development. Examples are, Yahoo, Google Gmail and applications. The second type of cloud computing is Paas (Platform as a service). This type delivers virtualized server throughout all users and businesses. Also, it can develop new applications and run those existing without doubt on how to maintain the operating system or computing capacity (Sugang 309). The known providers are Google maps, ADP payroll processing, and U.S. service offering. The third type is the IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service). It provides networks or grids and system software in a multitenant architecture. IaaS is designed to increase the uses of a complete data center. It reduces costs of the period and expenses involved in capital, though, configuration costs and management tasks are performed concurrently. Vendors are IBM, Amazon.com and other IT suppliers. Cloud Computing Deployment Models and Concepts According to Rodriguez (7), several organizations establish community cloud to have common requirements and need to share infrastructure to understand the benefits and aspires to assemble ideologies of a digital ecosystem with the use of a cloud computing. The few users share the cost and are therefore more expensive option as compared to public cloud. Management and control of Public cloud unlike community clouds are at datacenters that belongs to the service provider where customers share the costs. This kind of model helps to reduce costs. There is low visibility and control in a public cloud than in a private cloud because the service provider owns the underlying infrastructure. The resources are vigorously provisioned on a self service basis th