ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
With the discovery and emergence of the Internet, humanity gained access to a large flow of information. This has led to an increase in the average level of knowledge in society and an expansion of the individual’s horizons. In addition, the Internet has also changed human behavior as a member of society and as a person in general. The reason for this is a wide range of opportunities that have influenced the quality of life and the number of citizens’ abilities. The main advantage of the Internet is the ability to remain anonymous when communicating with people and processing anything. This, on the one hand, strengthens the security and privacy of an individual’s life but, on the other hand, makes it easier to break moral boundaries or even laws (Seltzer, 2018). It was the Internet that allowed the phenomenon of cyberbullying to emerge, the essence of which is the harassment of someone on the Internet by large groups of users (Oh & Toda, 2018). This cruelty is precisely due to the fact that users feel certain impunity and permissiveness of their actions, and therefore do not think about the harm of their actions. Such facts allow concluding that using the Internet, not all, but most people have become more embittered and aggressive. This is a reason to wonder if the government needs to limit anonymity on social media and blogs to avoid increasing societal cruelty and controlling harassment. As a result, the conclusion is that cyberbullying is a major negative change in the psychology of society and human behavior. It is also the most common problem faced by any user, regardless of age and gender. It entails many problems, such as psychological or behavioral problems. It is important to note that Internet technology is not only a useful tool but also carries some risks to which the public must necessarily pay attention.
The book, Popular Movements and State Formation in Revolutionary Mexico: The Agraristas and Cristerios of Michoacan , by Jennie Purnell presents interesting views of the author on circumstances before and after the Mexican Revolution, which could have catalyze the war between the prostate and anti-state groups within Mexico. Specifically, the revolution was a result of long struggle for freedom from economic marginalization, manipulation of the religion, and the need to establish a hybrid secular system. Therefore, this treatise attempts to explicitly discuss what Purnell argue is the important to understanding the Mexican Revolution and the post revolutionary period. Besides, the paper discusses the components of Purnell’s argument and the focus of the approach to understanding this time period. In addition, the paper reflects on how the approach shapes his argument and the sources he uses to support this line of thought. Understanding the Mexican Revolution and Post Revolution Period Purnell is categorical in his argument for the circumstances surrounding the Mexican Revolution and the post-revolutionary period by examining the peasant partisanship in this historic event. Despite popular argument that the Mexican Revolution was catalyzed by the general rebellion from the masses due to highhandedness tactics of the state elites (Shirk 12), Purnell examines the factors which motivated tens of thousands of peasants to play an active role in the revolution. Specifically, Purnell reviews the partnership between many peasants and the church to challenge the ills of the state at the time when economic disparity and elitism surpassed the public interest in controlling and utilizing the state resources (Purnell 15). Instead of opting to argue that the peasants who supported the position of the church (cristeros) during the revolution as victims of religious fanaticism or delusional consciousness, Purnell opines that local political conflicts which started more than ten years before the revolution was the primary motivator to engage in the war. According to Purnell, the conflict has been developing over the years and only culminated into full blown war between the agraristas and the supporters of the oppressive state (Purnell 25). Apparently, the local political conflicts played a major role in catalyzing the revolution since the religious practice, rights to own property, and political authority was heavily vested in an oppressive regime, especially in the center-west states of Mexico. These conflicts could explain the interests and stakes that came to play in the subsequent confrontations after the Mexican Revolution such as the agrarian reforms and
Introduction The respect for diversity highly determines the provision of competent medical services in the healthcare setting. Various sources indicate that the healthcare sector in the United States has realized significant achievements in the eradication of racial and ethnic discrimination in the workplace. Diverse healthcare workforce is paramount to the provision of the available clinical services to wide-ranging groups of patients with a view of meeting their medical needs. This essay provides a literature review on the state of diversity inclusion in the Florida Department of Health (DOH). Literature Review Olsen and Martins (2012) reveal that the shifting demographic patterns in the United States have augmented the need to improve diversity in the health sector in an attempt to deliver quality and fair care services. Indeed, Oyler and Golden Pryor (2009) affirm that the benefits of a culturally proficient workforce cannot be underestimated in the realization of the needs of diverse people. The Florida population comprises a plethora of racial, ethnic, and religious groups. Today, the US is becoming a destination for people from divergent cultural and racial milieus. As a result, the Florida Department of Health (DOH) has to overcome various problems such as the lack of workforce diversity, increasing personnel attrition, and deficiency of healthcare professionals (Olsen & Martins, 2012). Culturally Incompetent Employees It is evident that the DOH lacks workforce diversity. According to Green, López, Wysocki, and Kepner (2012), the need to embrace diversity in the Florida Department of Health goes beyond the alleviation of inequity and racial prejudice in the workplace. This situation has hindered the delivery of fair medical services in the organization (Health Disparities Research Advisory Committee, 2011). The advancement of cultural proficiency in the healthcare workforce is paramount to the accomplishment of the organization’s medical goals. This situation has compelled the US government to create more opportunities for medical students, especially from the minority groups. The availability of culturally competent medical practitioners results in the provision of optimal healthcare services to diverse patients regardless of their ethnic and racial backgrounds (Health Disparities Research Advisory Committee, 2011). According to Green et al. (2012), the achievement of this objective is contingent on the understanding of the different ethnic affiliations, belief systems, family patterns, and racial biases among other factors that influence the patients’ wellbeing, perceptions of the available healthcare services, an
Introduction The company is based on the growth experienced in the bakery industry. This growth of the industry in the United Kingdom is a clear indication that the market for bakery products is on an ever-growing trend. Loly bakery is a home-based business. The aim of the firm is to serve the end consumers of the bakery products through offering products which are as close as possible to homemade ones. With this framing, the firm expects to have more direct contact with the customers through the visit to the locality for the purchase of the products. This direct contact with the customers is aimed by the business to avail the products at the convenience of the customers as well as satiate the objective of offering quality products at the economic level of consumers. Target market The target market for Loly Bakery is loyal and thus regular customers for the bakery products in this locality. These loyal customers include those who have been purchasing these products on a daily basis, weekly basis or monthly basis. They are those who almost are certain of using bakery products whenever an occasion comes up. Specifically, these are people who are seen daily flocking to supermarkets in the locality to buy the bakery products. They are those who use these products for their daily meals, as snacks, and those who buy them as presents. The customer base for Loly Bakery is not broad and undefined. Instead, it is specifically referred to people in this town who have been complaining that they are not getting quality for their money. The firm is built on the realization that in this town, there are many individuals who are daily, weekly and monthly buying cakes, doughnuts, and other bakery products for consumption individually or for parties but who are not satisfied with the products they are getting at their locality. For these, Loly bakery is the solution, and they are the specific market for the bakery. Location Loly bakery is to be situated in the core of Little India. This location was chosen for two reasons. First is its central location from all sides of the town. This location means that people from each side of the town can easily access the venue and buy the products because it is close to all of them. The location at this place is also convenient to the customers due to the easy accessibility by roads. Business objectives (short, medium and long term) The short-term objectives of the company are three-fold. On the economic side, the business aims at providing affordable products to the increasing demand. The business identifies that the middle class is the population inhabiting this locality. For such, the business identifies that having to buy these products from the supermarket has always been a big tall. Considering that the prices of these products are very high in the supermarkets in this town, this business comes out with the aim of helping the people get the economic burden lifted through providing them with the products at a discounted price. It aims at availing the same cakes desired by these people at a price which is considerate to their incomes and thus which d
Asian customers are known to always expect quality services regardless of the cost of the service. In addition, they are known to prefer services whereby the quality of interpersonal relationship and the interaction between them and those that are serving them is high. This may be attributed to the fact that in Asia, consumer orientation especially in service industries like hospitality is high. The Four Seasons restaurant caters to the unique needs of their Asian customers by providing highly personal services. They also have Asian cuisine for the purpose of satisfying the palates of these consumers. In contrast, western customers are not bothered if the services that are offered to them are impersonal; they are more satisfied when these services are delivered in time, and with efficiency. Culturally, Americans have been socialized to be self reliant; they are self centered people that value individuality. Service delivery at the Four Seasons is able to accommodate the expectations of these customers and others. The needs of these customers and others are attended to on time. European customers, especially those from East Europe do not expect quality customer c
A Pakistani girl known as Malala Yousafzai was shot by the Taliban in October. The extremist group opposed Malala’s activism in female education. Authorities flew her to Birmingham for treatment, where dignitaries from different parts of the world visited her. The subject of coverage in The Express Tribune newspaper was the British Foreign Minister’s (William Hague) visit to Malala; the Interior Minister (Rehman Malik) and the UAE foreign minister also accompanied him on this trip. A news report by NTD television also covers the same story. The audience only has the writer’s writing style to connect with the story in the newspaper article. Conversely, the audience relates to the story through the tone of voice of the reporter as well as the appearance of the characters in the TV report. Visual effects are richer in the televised report that the newspaper article. Consequently, readers have no choice but to focus on the content. It is easier to get distracted by the images in visual media. The most significant differences between the styles of coverage in both outlets are the content of the stories. NTD only had 2 minutes to cover the story in their news bulletin (NTD 12). Therefore, they could only stick to fresh material or events that took place when the Minister visited Malala. In the two-minute account, the NTD reporter shows images of the Minister and his team as well as Malala’s father and his team. They talk for a while as the reporter briefs the audience about the circumstances that led to Malala’s tragic situation. After that, Minister Hague then briefs reports about the visit and his commitment to assisting Pakistan. He condemns the violence and asserts that Pakistan’s enemies are Britain’s enemies, as well. The reporter has not shown any clips that relate to Malala’s past; only matters are revolving around the trip concern her. On the flipside, the newspaper report contains a much broader array of subjects on the matter. First, it outlines the assertions made by the Minister and his team. After that, it looks into some past issues that led to the shooting. For instance, the reporter talks about the security protocol that will be provided to the girl when she gets back and why this security was not offered in the first place (Agencies par. 4). It also discusses the immediate criminal convictions that have resulted from the shooting. None of the three people responsible for the assassination have been captured although the Pakistani government has already identified them. The reporter then looks into the political and foreign policy issues surrounding the cases. Military operations, drone strikes, and the international community’s perception of the event are discussed. Therefore, the newspaper article has a much deeper perspective than the TV report. A person who has not heard about Malala before can read the newspaper article and follow her story more closely than a person who reli
Lincoln’s second inaugural speech is one of the most remarkable documents in the history of the United States of America and much importance is attached to it due to its content or the massage it contains. The then president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, gave his second inaugural speech to the citizens on the fourth day of March the year 1865 as he entered his second term of presidency. It was just before the end of the civil war and slavery that had existed for the past four years and hence the nation was filled with a feeling of sadness as they suffered from the effects of war and slavery. The audience had many expectations as they wanted to know the way forward in regard to the nations’ state. Lincoln had previously also not spoken of reconstruction and hopes for the future which he did in the speech by bringing into light the bad deeds of both the people from the North and the South and sought peace between them. Lincoln’s speech was very brief and straight to the point as he made it known to the audience what he had felt about the situation that prevailed in the nation. He used his religious beliefs to explain the situation stating that the results attained had been out of the will of God. He urged people to change their ways and not to judge others of their past deeds and that God’s will could be quite different from that of either party in the civil war but rather unite in doing good in order to heal the nation’s wounds. This amazed the crowd as it was unusual of him to behave in that manner (White and White JR: 17). Reconstruction and Its Effects In Lincoln’s second inaugural speech, he stated clearly that all the citizens should join hands in doing well and promoting the welfare of one another with an aim of ensuring that peace and harmony exist within the nation and also among the nation and the other nations. Reconstruction period was marked by the years that followed the civil war. Reconstruction was a very critical and sensitive process that entailed restoration of the split states to the Union. Major aspects of concern were how to handle the states, the treatment of the southern whites and the freed slaves. Although both the presidential and congressional reconstruction sought to bring about peace and harmony among the citizens with an aim of healing the nation’s wounds, they opposed one another in the way they approached the issue and the recommendations they advocated for. For instance, Abraham’s Lincoln’s approach to reconstruction worked on the principle that the states in question were never completely separated from the union and thus they should be treated fairly. He stated that the people from the south who wer
Warren Buffett is a person known for his honest talks that may even be treated as blunt by some individuals. In the letter, he seems to be rather concerned about the future of the business. In particular, he refers to the financial derivatives claiming them to be a time bomb that is likely to explode soon. Various organizations are selling these financial weapons to people, as they see them as a preventive tool that can help to cope with risks. But Buffett underlines that such actions are likely to lead to false accounting. He also states that lots of money will be needed to alter the situation in future. There is a possibility that such investments will cause a corporate meltdown, which will have an adverse influence on the whole country. In the next letter, Buffett speaks about the situation that happened when he cooperated with Munger, whose views were similar to his. He admitted that the company Berkshire Hathaway turned out to become a large business that they never wanted to create. They had two types of contracts, but none of them considered counterparty risks. The issue occurred as they controlled all the money. He underlines that the company was sold, and more than a half of derivative contracts were going to expire soon. They both are sure in future and are not bothered with possible problems. I believe that Buffett’s ideas are rather efficient, and there is an underlying consistency in them. The value of derivatives is mainly affected by the credit worthiness. That is why they should be guaranteed and utilized efficiently. Moreover, marking to market is not connected with the money exchange and scale frauds may occur.
Introduction Most organizations are involved in the production of goods or services, with the main aim being to reach the targeted market and increase market share. Therefore, in order to improve the demand of the product, the organization must take appropriate measures to ensure that the product effectively satisfies the needs of the consumers. To achieve this, the organization employs marketing as a tool to aid in the achievement of the goal. Marketing can therefore be explained simply as the measures and activities that an organization must make in order to exchange and create value with its customers. 1 The exchanges usually lead to economic prosperity. 2 Development of the marketing concept Organizations usually engage in marketing in order to create demand for their products, since in most of the situations, the production of products in the organizations is usually higher than the demand for the products. However, during the start of the industrial revolution until the early twentieth century, the manufacturing level was usually lower than the demand for the products; therefore, the companies were assured that all of their products would be sold due to the higher demand. The organizations therefore had a high production orientation and marketing was limited to just taking orders from customers and then distributing the products. 3 However, production soon caught up with the demand, necessitating the organizations to devise methods of increasing the demand for their products. To achieve this, the organizations employed vigorous marketing methods, which mainly entailed personal selling and advertising. 4 The organizations later realized that the effective method of reaching the customers was through the implementation of methods that try to ensure that the customers’ needs are satisfied. The organizations therefore came up with methods of determining the needs of the customers before engaging in marketing, as this ensured that the marketing concepts led to the eventual satisfaction of the customers’ needs. 5 Nevertheless, the organizations that were unable to develop effective marketing concepts soon exited from production. Transactional and relationship marketing Business organizations can undertake their marketing strategies through various methods. However, the marketing strategies can mainly be classified into two groups: relationship marketing and transactional marketing. Transactional marketing Conventional marketing strategies are usually transactional oriented, and are therefore known as transactional marketing. In this method, the marketing programs are mainly targeted towards making the customer to buy the product that is produced by the company. This is regardless of whether the purchase will be by a new customer or an existing one. 6 This type of marketing does not usually forecast the probability of an existing customer making a new purchase, even if the customer has made a series of purchases. The marketing concept therefore allocates a small marketing budget to the existing customer and makes no effort in making t
Mao Zedong, also known as Chairman Mao, is the founder of the people’s republic of China in 1949. He was a communist and introduced a policy that impacted negatively on the Chinese culture and led to its isolation by the western world. The Chinese however credit Chairman Mao as a fearless and practical leader who instituted economic, social, and political changes that laid the foundation of transforming China from a little-known agricultural country into a world superpower (Meisner, 1999:16). When in 1953, the communists under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong launched a program for collective farming; he became a hero among the Chinese peasantry. Macrohistory and world report 1945 estimates that by 1956 more than ninety percent of the Chinese farmers had joined a collective farm. Mao did not give much respect to the educated elite in society but placed his hopes among the masses. It was upon this background that Mao developed a new program, “the great leap forward” in which he hoped to greatly reduce the differences between the rich and the poor and also to eliminate the division of labor. Mao had also instituted the Cultural Revolution which led to persecutions, deaths, and loss of antiques historical sites, and culture. It was a period during which art, literature, films, and plays were banned (p.186). .With the rise to power of Deng Xiaoping in 1978 however, many policies initiated by Chairman Mao became abandoned and other economic reforms were instituted. Other leaders were of the view that Mao’s interventionist approaches had led to a great loss of life. The policy of the Cultural Revolution has been seen as detrimental since then. Trouble began soon after the new leadership. There were strikes by workers, factory slowdowns, and chronic absenteeism as people were dissatisfied. Social disorders, for example, common crime, crept in and the division that had been caused by the Cultural Revolution began to take form as people took revenge on each other (Meisner, 1999:157). The moral fabric of the Chinese people was loosening fast and the government seemed unable to reign in on these conflicts. The new leadership embarked on the isolation of the proponents of the Cultural Revolution. Cultural Revolution fantasists who rebranded themselves as “gang of four” consisting of Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, Jiang Ging, and Yao