ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Bacteria can invade the body and cause infection. With the ability to identify bacteria according to various properties, we can discern the type and then the sensitivity of the bacteria. Via culture and sensitivity, we can attempt to cure the infection by targeting the bacteria with specific drugs. The process of culture and sensitivity is used in labs to determine the best medical treatment for patients with bacterial infections. I received unknown bacteria #30 and was to determine which of 12 different bacteria it was. Over the course of four days, I cultured and analyzed bacteria #30. My methods of analysis included gram staining, application of the Mannitol Salt Agar test, blood agar testing and catalase testing. Day One On day one, I aseptically innoculated the bacteria to the trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate and put it in the incubator at 37 o C for 48 hours. This provided time for the bacteria to grow so that I would be able to observe the bacterial morphology. Bacteria are most often rod-shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci) or curved (spirilla). The culture of bacteria #30 grew out a yellow colony of bacteria, which were spherical, convex, and with smooth margins. This result was indicative of a coccus bacterial species rather than a baccilus or spirilla species. As Escherichia coli, Serratia marcesesns, Enterbacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aervginosa, Citrobacter freundii and Proteus vulgaris are rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli), it was clear that bacteria #30 was none of these. Instead, I was left with the possibilities of bacteria #30 being Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Micrococcus luteus , Enterococcus faecalis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Streptococcus pyogenes – all cocci bacteria. Day Two On day two, I applied gram stain to the sample to determine if the bacteria had gram-negative or gram-positive properties. The bacteria formed clumps which stained purple (gram positive). The bacteria were cocci shaped and 0.9um in diameter. This result eliminated the possibility of unknown bacteria #30 being Neisseria gonorrhoeae as N. gonorrhoeae is gram negative. Day Three On day three, I used the Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) test to evaluate whether or not the bacteria was salt tolerant and whether or not it would ferment mannitol. As there was no growth, I determined that the bacteria was not salt tolerant. This exclued Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus e pidermidis as unknown bacteria #30 as Staphylococcus species are able to grow in a high concentration of salt. This was confirmed as the specimen did not ferment mannitol (the phenol did not change color from red to yellow). Enterococcus faecalis ferments mannitol; bacteria #30 was not Enterococcus faecalis . Day Four On day four, I applied the blood agar and catalase tests to differentiate between the remaining bacterial species ( Streptococcus pyogenes and Micrococcus luteus ). There was growth of yellow colonies. The bacteria was not beta hemolytic, but was catalase positive. The results of the blood agar and catalase tests confirmed that unknown bacteria #30 was not Streptococcus pyogenes as Stre
Introduction Stocks are basically stakes of ownership in a company. A company’s capital structure consists of equity and debt (Bratton and Watson 57). Therefore, stock or shares are important contributions made by the owners of a company in order to achieve the requisite capital for both investment and financing the operations of a company. In finance, the owners of shares or stock are referred to as stockholders (Brown and Abraham 38). Their main goal of investing is to maximize their returns or earnings. This goal is also known as shareholders wealth maximization (SWM). It is important to note that in cases where a company wants to close down, the claims of the stockholders come last since the claims of the creditors to the company have to be settled first. There are two main subdivisions of stock; these are the preferred stock and the common stock. The difference between the two is that the common stock bears the voting rights during the annual general meetings that the stockholders form part. Moreover, the common stockholders also receive annual dividend payments. In case a company gets liquidated or it is declared bankrupt, the claims on the preferred stock are settled first before those on the common stock since the preference is given to the preferred stockholders (Dodd and Graham 97). Furthermore, the dividend payments to the preferred stockholders usually accumulate. There are many ratios that are used in the valuation of shares. Some of these ratios include the price/earnings, dividend yield, return on assets and the dividend payout ratios (Stringham 23). My goal in this paper, therefore, is to give a financial overview on whether to buy, hold or sell the shares. This goal will be predicted by analyzing DECK, FL and MUSA stocks and making a financially researched decision on each of these shares. DECK Stock An analysis of DECK stock as per the tracking form reveals that this stock is performing well. The following calculations relate to DECK stock.   * Total stock’s value in week 1 =$ 72.46 x 150= $ 10,869   * Total stock’s value in week 8= 74.68×150= $ 11,202   * Price deviation = +$ 333, meaning that the price per share has increased by $ 2.22 After evaluation of DECK stock, it is evident that its overall performance in the stock market is outstanding; however, before making the final decision, the financial information reveals that the products associated with DECK stock have more utility designs and patents. This implies that more of these products will be produced, and an increase in production will in turn lead to an increase in sales volume for the DECK products and hence high earnings. Importantly, the earnings before interest tax and depreciation (EBITAD) for this product will rise. With increase in EBITAD, the product will see an increase in profits (earnings after tax (EAT)). This will ultimately lead to an increase in demand for this share and its share/stock p
Tourism is a process that involves traveling from one place to another and from one destination to another destination, mainly and especially for leisure, business, and even for recreational purposes within a period that is not more than one year. It also involves occupation and business process of getting information, accommodation, and even transportation services in a place temporarily. Moreover, tourism involves a short time movement from a place that is outside one’s residential area and work place to another place. There are various forms and types of tourism, which make tourism an enjoyable activity. To begin with, there is domestic tourism that involves the movement of a tourist to destinations only within his or her country (without going to another country) for pleasure or other recreational purposes. This is also known as indigenous tourism, since it involves touring around the local place. Another form of tourism is inbound tourism, which involves a nonresident of a country traveling and touring places in the host country mainly for recreational purposes and other tourist services. Lastly, there is outbound tourism that involves the resident of a country moving from his or her country to another country for pleasure and exploration of other tourist services in another country. Therefore, tourism involves movement from one destination to another away from an individual residential area to another place. In this movement, we meet indigenous people in their communities, resulting into interaction between tourists and the indigenous people. This paper will discuss some of the effects of tourism on indigenous people. My first experience when traveling as a tourist was challenging, but I came to understand that tourism is one of the activities that have many benefits and some challenges to the indigenous people of the community I visited. To begin with, from my experience, I found out that tourism has social, economic, and cultural effects on indigenous people. Tourism is one of the sectors that require more attention in order to understand the role that indigenous people play in the tourism sector and the relationship between them, hence coming up with the best implications from the issues discovered (Butler, 2007). The first benefit I realized is economic benefit of tourism. Most of research publications show that the major benefit of tourism is the capital and money that tourists always spend on their journeys, through buying of food, accommodation, and other services. This money is always used by the indigenous people to cater for other basic needs, hence leading to economic development and alleviation of poverty levels for the indigenous people (Butler, 2007). Secondly, tourism is one of the sectors that benefit the indigenous people through the provision of revenue and employment, especially to the local people around the tourist destinations. This reduces unemployment cases in most countries, leading to increased economic growth of the country (Butler, 2007). Thirdly, tourism leads to cultural benefits; for example, when a tourist visits an area, there is usually emergence of diversity of culture due to
Does the existence of a formal grievance procedure make the management of employees more organized and routine? Does it contribute to productivity? Why do nonunion firms seldom implement a similar system? In the past, organizations lacked adequate conflict resolution mechanisms at the workplace to deal with the concerns brought forward by workers. The result of that was that when workers had grievances, the normal working process was disrupted if they boycotted their duties. It created the need for organizations to have formal grievance procedures in place in order to avert disruption of normal duties in any organization. Hence, the existence of a formal grievance procedure makes the management of employees organized as well as planned. This means that employees now have to follow a specific routine process, which determines how they address grievances. This offers the employer a chance to prepare to deal with the grievances appropriately as well as ensure that organizational operations are not affected. This contributes to productivity at the workplace since minimum time is lost by the employees boycotting their duties. Nonunion firms rarely use such systems since they are designed to be championed by unions, which represent the rights of employees as well as agitate for workers’ concerns through a formal process. Does industrialization make nations more like one another, or does it set in even sharper relief their basic cultural distinctions? Industrialization is good for the growth and development of the economies of different countries in the world. The basic question revolves around whether industrialization makes nations alike or sets in sharp cultural distinctions between nations. In my own opinion, industrialization has played a main role in the creation of clear cultural distinctions. While industrialization has boosted the level of participation and cooperation on the international business relating to how countries conduct business, much has been achieved in customizing a country’s products as compared to the progress of another country. Hence, it is easy to distinguish a product made in the US from that made in Japan. The distinctions are evident in regard to the cultures of each nation. Identify three reasons for the support use of seniority from a management point of view? In management, the issue of seniority is of great concern. It is important for the proper guidance needed to ensure that all the operations go on well. However, there are reasons that support the use of seniority from management’s point of view. Three them, I seek to mention. The first reason states that direction from an experienced employee has to be offered to other less skilful workers to ensure that operations of an organization are run well. Employees in the organization have to report to someone as per the organizational hie
Introduction “Epidemics are like signposts from which the statesman of stature can read that a disturbance has occurred in the development of his nation–that not even careless politics can overlook.”-Dr. Rudolf Virchow, 1848 (Paul R. Epstein, n.p.) The first country in the world to discover HIV is the United States of America. This epidemic disease was come to the front in 1981, with its disastrous effects and spread. From 1981 till 2005 it has been spreading tremendously that now over half a million people have been affected and died from this disease in America. The current research showed that still there are one million people spending live with this horrible disease and a number of people among them are unaware of the infection growing up in their bodies which can be more disastrous for normal people if these infected people get married and have partners. (Bonita de Boer, n.p.). AIDS cases in the USA, 1981-2005(Bonita de Boer, n.p.). How HIV is affecting the inner cities and suburban in America? This disease in the US affects all parts, places, and sort of people, no matter rich or poor, men or women, even children inheriting it from their parents, black or white, etc. At the beginning of its spread, the most generally affected people were from the sort of group; drug injectors, hemophiliacs and Haitians, etc. With the passage of time HIV is being a serious problem and is spreading vastly between gays, bisexual men, heterosexual African Americans, and Latinos. (Bonita de Boer, n.p). The disease is not only growing according to different groups and their characteristics but also with regard to geographical locations and areas. HIV was earlier considered in the US as a disease among gays majority on the eastern and western coast but now it has been influenced the Black and Latinos living on the southern coasts. (Bonita de Boer, n.p). The darkest side of this disease is that its affected person is extremely demoralized and humiliated socially. People try to stay away from them, look down upon them and isolate them from social gatherings and even daily matters. This is what has been observed in even large cities in the U
The question, “Is there a God?” has been burdening humanity since the dawn of time. The number of different religions and beliefs throughout the world is innumerable. These beliefs have been approached by different philosophers and theologians who have thoroughly examined, described, argued, discussed, and questioned them. In this paper, only three of the many positions will be critically assessed: theism, pantheism, and panentheism. These three conceptions view God, or the Divine, from different angles, and although panentheism includes some standpoints from both theism and pantheism, it would be incorrect to call it a simple combination of the two. Each of the conceptions has a unique approach to the Divine, and the idea and understanding of God vary significantly between them. One of the most important aspects of theism that distinguishes it from pantheism and panentheism is the belief that God is a person or a personal being. Richard Swinburne describes God as compared to humans and explores how and to what extent the actions and knowledge of humans and God differ. While humans can perform intentional and basic actions (e.g., travel to a city, say something, drink tea) and have some power over objects, God’s power is limitless and infinite: “He does have a power to create, conserve, or annihilate anything, big or small” 1 . God is not only limitless in his power, but he is also limitless in his knowledge of everything that ever was or ever will be 2 . Regarding God’s power to know everything, Swinburne claims that God knows everything that is logical at any possible time 3 . Nevertheless, God cannot know what an individual will do or not do, since all individuals have free will, although limited 4 . This point of view is what differentiates Swinburne’s understanding of theism from the Christian and Jewish interpretations. He believes that God can show us the correct actions to take, but he cannot change them because “it is wrong to command what is wrong” 5 . God’s duties and his will to perform them are also a sign of his perfection. God does not perform any bad actions, but rather follows his duties and performs many good deeds; in fact, these three conditions are perceived by Swinburne to be proof of God’s perfection. However, other views on God’s perfection also exist; Michael Peterson, William Hasker, Bruce Reichenbach and David Basinger stress that the current understanding of God as a perfect creature has actually changed throughout the years and depends on the particular philosopher or religious tradition. For example, medieval theologians believed that in order to be perfec
Introduction: Women in Media. History and Evolution Up until the XX century, women could not play significant roles in the world history for understandable reasons. Due to the chauvinist ideas that used to be widely accepted in the society, women were forced to remain in the shadow. However, women were still portrayed in the media; the manner of depicting women in media and art varied over centuries. Despite the fact that it has been quite long since the renaissance Era, it can be assumed that the renaissance traditions are still alive in the modern art in terms of female image. The Portrayal of Women in the High Renaissance Da Vinci and His Vision of Female Beauty One of the most renowned representatives of the High Renaissance art, a Vinci was famous for breaking new grounds in the Renaissance culture. Mona Lisa and the breach of traditions When talking about da Vinci, it is practically impossible not to give proper credit to his most famous painting, Mona Lisa . On the one hand, da Vinci’s artwork followed the traditions of the High Renaissance. Following the High Renaissance traditions, da Vinci portrays Mona Lisa in a very realistic manner. Thus, the veil was finally taken off the audience’s eyes, and the latter could finally enjoy the beauty of a woman. Leonardo’s contemporaries were creating portraits of women that emphasized their social status by the elegant costumes and jewelry they wore. Leonardo, on the other hand, removed any blatant display of luxury, instead focusing on the woman herself. Mona Lisa smiles at the viewer, a detailthat grants her a personality and denotes that Leonardo sought to capture her appearance as wll as psychology. (Zirpolo x) On the other hand, the way in which Mona Lisa was portrayed in da Vinci’s painting clearly broke the Late Renaissance traditions. To make the matter even more intriguing, Mona Lisa can be considered a retrospective into the Medieval manner of depicting women. Comparing Mona Lisa to other Late Renaissance paintings of women, one must admit that da Vinci introduced new elements to the Renaissance traditions. One of the features of Mona Lisa that truly stand out is the return to the celebration of humble beauty. The painting does not feature the traditional admiration of human bodily proportions, like the famous The Castration of Uranus fresco by Vasari and Christophano, or the artworks of the Early Renaissance, like the paintings by Botticelli. It would be wrong to claim that da Vinci conceal Mona Lisa’s beauty from the audience; however, he clearly shifts the emphasis from the physical perfection, which was appraised so much in the High Renaissance Era, to the mystery of personality, which would be focus of an artwork somewhat later. Lorenzo Lotto: reversing the time Another peculiar example that needs to be considered to get a clear idea of how women were portrayed in the High Renaissance Era, the artworks created by Lorenzo Lotto can be regarded as an attempt to bring the humankind back to the appreciation of the beauty of human body and the perfection of its proportions. As critics remark, Lotto’s
Abstract Research method involves the application of human knowledge on physical matter or psychological processes so as to increase the understanding for more discoveries. Among all the research methods that have been used in past, experimental research has been found to be the most reliable because of its ability to be controlled. It makes use of independent and dependent variable where the independent variable is manipulated while all the dependent variables are kept as constant. A standard procedure is used and the experiment can be repeated several times so as to give concordant results and this guarantees reliability of the method because it minimizes chances of human bias. Introduction Research method based on experiment involves applied human activity on matter which uses human knowledge with an aim of making discoveries so as to advance his/her knowledge of both the world and the universe. In nursing all the research are scientific and therefore they require practical applications which are done in form of experiments. Experimental method is the most scientific compared to all other research methods because it is the only method the researcher can have control over the procedure. (Donald, 2004 pp 23-25). Why experimental method is the most valuable Experimental method unlike all the other methods has control over any situation both in physical science and psychology. Research indicates that almost all psychological researches conducted in past have been based on experiments. A researcher studies on the cause and effects by making a deliberate variation of a particular variable while maintaining the rest variables at a constant. The manipulated variable is the one the researcher is looking at and acts as the cause while the constant/dependent variables are the effect. The importance of the control is to allow the researcher isolate the selected variable so as to study its effect on the dependent variables. This is important to allow conclusion that nothing else other than the independent variable influences the dependent variables. Experimental method gives a chance for replication of results which means repeating the same procedure to find out if the results are concordant. The more agreeing the results are after several repetitions, the more accurate they are taken to be. This gives the researcher confidence on the validity of the theory under test. Repetition is possible because the procedure being used is always standard. (Fischer, 2005 pp 41-44). The observations made during the experiments can be summarized into a quantitative data that is inform of numerical amounts therefore simplifying analysis of the results through the use of statistical inferential test. Such tests allow the researcher to make statements on the likelihood of the occurrence of the results through chan