ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Why the married life of a young Chinese woman in rural China differs from the married life of her grandmother, 50 years earlier? Conjugal Bond There is a significant difference in the married lives of present-day women and older generation women. Yan (87) says that this difference stems from the changing societal perception about the role of women in the society and the increased appreciation of the nuclear family structure as the main basis for societal progression. Yan (86) recalls a story involving an old man who committed suicide because he did not get the respect he expected from his younger son and his daughter-in-law. Yan (86) further elaborates that since the old man was a tyrant, he expected his daughter-in-law to respect his authority. However, she often questioned his authority. He later committed suicide. The above story elaborates the changing family power structure that not only defines the role of the woman as an emerging source of power, but also the role of the woman as a thriving center for social cohesion. By extension, Yan (89) questions why there has been a general push towards appreciating the nuclear family structure (as opposed to the extended family structure) as the main basis for the formation of the Chinese society. He also says that intimacy and conjugal love has attracted many Chinese people to the nuclear family structure (Yan 89). In the past, many women never enjoyed this conjugal love or intimacy because men used emotional distance and the lack of affection to perpetrate male masculinity. Yan (91) documents this observation through the life of a 56-year-old teacher who affirmed that her parents rarely talked to each other. The teacher also said that, “her parents rarely spoke at home, except for some words related to work, or during quarrels that often ended in his father beating his mother” (Yan 91). This trend replicated in many households across China because older generation women were treated with less respect that today’s women. The society equally positioned them at the bottom of the Chinese family power structure. In the old days, the Chinese society equally treated women with less respect because the society gave them little freedom to do whatever they wanted. For example, arranged marriages were more prevalent in the Chinese rural society. Yan says, “village youth did not have any say about their marriages, which were arranged according to parental order” (47). Such practices also increased gender differences because they also increased male patriarchy. Indeed, Yan (90) affirms that the lack of conjugal intimacy and affection stemmed from the unwillingness of Chinese men to talk to their women. In addition, as explai
The Existing Negotiable Problems The first problem that scares potential clients away is the fact that employees hired by First Impressions Inc. demonstrate their poor knowledge of negotiating etiquette. In particular, they use slang and make it obvious their generally poor level of education. The source of the problem is in the peculiarities of the service: as the service provided by the company is a temporary one, it offers potential employees an opportunity to make less money than in the other businesses, and thus, only disadvantaged economically people are attracted, and unfortunately, such people usually demonstrate a worse level of education and preparation for business communication in any area including the service areas such as food industry. Besides, these economically disadvantaged people do not have their own transportation, which may cause their failure to come on time to the sites of the enterprise’s clients. Thus, potential clients of First Impressions Inc. are scared away by a bad reputation of the service that offers unpunctual and uneducated employees. The next problem that presents a considerable difficulty in negotiation with potential clients is the problem of race. Unfortunately, numerous potential clients of First Impression service demonstrate a level of racial prejudice in the way they talk on the phone, and even in the way they address the company’s advertising materials. For example, they say that specialists from the service sound like black on phone, or scare away from First Impressions Inc. cards as they notice the signs that the company has employees of non-white origin. Recommended Negotiable Plans To solve the first problem, the best plan is to train those who qualify to meet the expectations of clients. It is therefore important to continue sending off those who do not make it on time, and those who do not meet the described dress co
Course Title and Description The course that is proposed to be included in the new learning program is Clinical Laboratory Science 104. The new program will be suitable for this course as it does not involve a lot of practical works. The course will be taught at junior level. The level comprises the fresh men, who mainly include the first and second year students. The fresh men do not have a lot of face-to-face contact with their lecturers and instructors. The curricular area under which the selected course falls is health and wellbeing. In health and wellbeing, students are taught and trained on how take care of their health and that of other people. The courses that fall under this curricular area require many hours of learning and if the traditional face-to-face is applied, a number of topics remain uncovered. Institution Information The institution selected for this project is Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (ACPHS). ACPHS is a privately owned postsecondary learning institution known mostly for pharmacy and laboratory sciences. The college was started in 1881 and has been in operation for more than 30 years now. It is situated in New York City and has a population of about 1,100 students. More than a half of the total students reside outside and it is difficult for them to commute to the college every day. There are more female than male students in the college. The courses offered at ACPHS last for 4 years. The groups of students targeted with the proposed project are the first and second year students of Clinical Laboratory Science (Grove, 2013). Course Type and Rationale This proposed mode of delivery for the selected course is the hybrid type. In case of Clinical Laboratory Science, the hybrid mode of teaching has more benefits than the online system. In the hybrid mode, the students are likely to have greater opportunities to interact and discuss contentious issues with lecturers and fellow students as they will be meeting in classrooms and online. Secondly, the students will have a chance to choose between face-to-face and online modes of teaching for discussing their coursework. However, they will not have 24/7 access to internet course materials as would be the case if the course was exclusively taught online. The students in the hybrid mode will spend some of their time in class with their instructors and fellow students (Wang, Fong, & Kwan, 2010). The hybrid mode is also better than the traditional face-to-face system that is currently used to teach the selected course. Firstly, the students will have greater freedom, time flexibility and convenience since the time they waste when commuting to classrooms will be reduced. Secondly, the students will have unlimited access to up-to-date course materials and other resources found in the internet. However, owing to the hybrid mode,
Aristophanes is known as one of the greatest comedians of his times. Across all ages in history, his artistic work emerged as one of the most excellent plays in ancient Greek playwright. His play, “The Acharnians” is one of the classical works in the category of satirical genre of old comedy. It is also notable that Aristophanes develops the plot of the play with absurd humor and imaginations that captures the Peloponnesian war which Athenians had waged against Spartans for six years (Sommerstein 6). As the plot unfolds, he attracts the attention of his audience including prominent poets and historians. Aristophanes engages himself in general politics that naturally appeal to the struggle of Athenian citizens against tyranny, mass representation and civic rights. According to him, democracy is the only form of unrestricted and complete system of governance that can allow a satirical suppression of private usage political and social power to torture other citizens (Sommerstein 17). Nevertheless, the author continues to satirize the democracy which he has supported as he argues that it has turned Athens into a city of jurymen. It is against this backdrop that this paper argues how democracy works and proves whether it is a viable type of government or not. Back in 5 th century, democracy was used to denote people’s power in ancient Greece. Therefore, the mode of governance became a popular manner of spreading politics. On the other hand, Aristophanes define democracy as a form of government where there is a definite system of reforms that are meant to protect the masses such that there could be no folly, vice or any form of misconduct to defile their private lives. He emphasizes that this form of government derives its legitimacy from public opinion. This is evident from the play where the main protagonist, Dicaeopolos (who is one of the citizens in Athens) makes up his mind to adopt a peace policy (Sommerstein 7). As the plot unfolds, the author reveals how Decaeopolos has faced misery after being invaded during Lacedaeminian attacks. In this case, the author uses his persona to expose his fear and frustrations of the Pelopossesian war (Sommerstein 7). According to him, a good government should advocate for peace rather than vengeance that has easily led to the destruction of the state and eventually caused it to decline. The fact that Aristophanes uses his main persona to indicate how a democratic government should operate; there s
GlaxoSmithKline Ethical Lapses Over the last decade, ethical issues affecting quality of GlaxoSmithKline’s products have emerged. These issues occurred because the company failed to follow production procedures. The need to make profit contributed to unethical activities in GlaxoSmithKline. The company has been has been sued for selling Paxil and Avandia even after research results showed that their side effects were serious. GlaxoSmithKline released the two drugs to the market without informing its customers of the side effects. Paxil was not suitable for children under the age of 18 but GlaxoSmithKline kept the information. Use of Paxil led to addictive behavior, withdrawal symptoms, birth defects and serious suicidal tendencies. Earlier on, a GlaxoSmithKline physician had enrolled children with no major depression or obsessive compulsive disorders for purposes of research (Moynitan & Cassels, 2005). Avandia was manufactured and marketed after the company had conducted research and found out that it might be less safe than other competing diabetes drugs. The quality of this drug put serious ethical concern on GlaxoSmithKline (Philpott & Baker, 2010). However, the company kept the safety issues from the public to protect the company’s image. Manufacturing procedures have not been entirely followed in the past casting doubt on quality of GlaxoSmithKline products. When the company fails to clean its machines after production of one drug is completed, the next drug will be contamination. This affects quality of the drugs. Most of the drugs manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline in Cidra Plant in Puerto Rico had serious contamination (Harris & Wilson, 2010). Furthermore, packaging of some drugs was wrong and posed a serious problem on quality because patients could easily use wrong dosage. Reasons for Leadership Failure to Prevent Ethical Issues of Integrity Failure GlaxoSmithKline pharmaceutical company has been facing stiff competition for long time. The company’s top management prioritized profit at the expense of health of its customers. For Avandia, safety data were suppressed and the company executives never apologized for their decision in order to protect their economic interests (Philpott & Baker, 2010). Considering the number of people who require these drugs on their daily basis, the company makes massive profits. If the leadership adheres to ethical deeds, the company will end up making losses. This will not go down well with the shareholders of the company. The management has opted not to prevent these ethical issues from occurring and wait for repercussion of manufacturing drugs with questionable quality. Most of the time when the company is faced with such issues, it is just fined and left to continue with its operations as seen in Avandia case (Feeley & Kelley, 2010). Measures to Prevent Future Ethical Dilemmas and Reputational Damage To prevent ethical dilemmas and reputational damage, GlaxoSmithKline should put in place extensive measures transform manufacturing operations and leadership style. Through new and progressive management, the company will be able to overco
The psychological aspects of human development are an essential background forming the characteristics of worldview and affecting social adaptation. As a topic for research, human aggression and its prerequisites may be used as an important and common issue addressed in the field of social psychology. According to Newman (2016), this area defines the features and peculiarities of human behavior in terms of interaction with other people. Manifestations of aggression can be considered a consequence of specific psychological factors, in particular, emotional background in childhood, self-perception under conditions of parental pressure, and other possible aspects. In addition, the theme of aggression may be applied not only to social but also to clinical psychology. Newman (2016) states that certain disorders require treating with particular therapeutic methods and drugs. Deviant behavior manifested in the form of aggression may be the result of a disease, and clinical intervention is crucial. Therefore, the topic used can be applied to several research areas of psychology. Despite the possibility of analyzing human aggression in the context of several areas of psychology, the social sphere is the most suitable for integrated assessment and work. Since it is assumed that many disorders originate directly in social groups, for instance, family or school, studying the characteristics of individuals’ interaction in such environments can help identify the causes of these problems. Treating people who are unable to control their emotions may contribute to minimizing the number of crimes committed in states of uncontrolled aggression. In addition, a combination of interventions from social and clinical psychology can help provide reliable justifications for appropriate interventions. Thus, human aggression is an important topic for addressing through appropriate ways of work. Reference Newman, M. (2016). Research methods in psychology (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education.
The working of rhetoric has been analyzed by Plato in Phaedrus as the art of influence on the soul. In reality, there is a little misunderstanding when it comes to Plato’s philosophical project. According to Plato, rhetoric is an art of philosophy that helps in controlling the minds of the crowd or any kind of meeting such as congregation. The art is also used in disruption or attracting attention although it seems meaningless. Another art that was included in the list of Plato’s philosophical project was deceit that combined together with rhetoric formed Plato’s philosophical project. Plato as a leader had to come up with his own concepts of ruling which made him apply various philosophical concepts so as to achieve what he wanted. The main philosophical concept used by Plato was rhetoric in relation to Phaedrus 261a-266. Rhetoric is a philosophical art that is dealt with in various bodies such as law courts. In the law court, this art is used to achieve or come up with reality based on a given subject matter. There are numerous activities that happen in a real-life situation that tend to give a better explanation of rhetoric as a philosophical theory. According to Socrates, Rhetoric explains or gives the reason as to why one should give favors or privileges to a stranger more than to a friend. Socrates also believes that some of Plato’s philosophical concepts fall within Phaedrus’s point of reasoning and this, therefore, makes them very difficult to understand. Phaedrus’ philosophical perspective tends to be null according to many philosophers du
Content Purpose The purpose of the speech is to convince the audience that he is the man who can make people live better. Speaker’s background knowledge The speaker possesses all the necessary information to dwelling upon the problems he does. Influences (traditional, cultural, historical) The stress is made on the cultural significance of the USA. The “different” (African American) leader may be chosen to bring the country to the change. Listener’s background knowledge The listener should be aware of the country’s general political situation to understand the speaker. 1.Analogy  The speaker points at the changes which are going to be seen with his elections.
Critical Review This research paper was originally published in the 1 st issue of the 14 th Volume of the MEDSURG Nursing from pages 51 to 62 of February, 2005. It was then republished in the Dermatology Nursing Magazine in the 17 th Volume in Issue 4 of 2005. Both happen to be peer reviewed journals but not current issues. The study by Beitz and Goldberg was a qualitative research of the phenomenological design which was both apt and in context as the aim of this study involved the investigation into emotional and other feelings and experiences that the patients suffered in the process or lived experiences with a chronic wound. No scope for quantification was present. Interviews with audiotapes for saving information during the study and field notes were used to gather information. Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness from the first person point of view. As the experience was a lived one, the phenomenological study which is related to lived experiences was selected. The study purpose was dual in nature and clearly stated. The intention was to investigate the lived experiences of people with chronic non healing wounds and to sensitize health care professionals and care-givers to the emotional and stressful experiences of the patients. The research questions have been duly noted in the paper. The researchers appear to have researched sufficiently and have quoted literature from several studies from 1995 to 2004. Current literature is less. The literature covered chronic venous ulcers mainly and had just mentioned one study each for pressure or neuropathic ulcers and one study for diabetic ulcers. However as they were all chronic wounds, the researchers were guided by them. The majority of studies were phenomenological studies. The evolution of the themes from the various feelings of the patients had been mentioned in each study. The review could be described as compelling and clear. 16 participants were selected from a retirement community and a nursing home. A sampling across a wide socio-economic strata had been done. The retirement community group belonged to a higher strata and the nursing home group, a lower socio economic group. They had chronic non-healing wounds lasting more than 8 weeks, no psychiatric issues or confusion (to facilitate interviewing), with the ability to communicate in English. All were Caucasian and retired. Sampling resumed till a saturation of themes was reached. The sampling method appears appropriate and the participants have been described in fair detail. Verbal and written communications elaborated the study to the participants. Interviews were conducted with greatest convenience to the participants, at their living area. Approval for the study was duly obtained from the La Salle’s University Institution Review Board. The participants had also given their consent and were told that they could withdraw at any moment. Their names were not used. Audiotapes were to be destroyed after use for the participants’ anonymity. All ethical considerations were maintained. Data collection procedures were described
Answer The two videos watched for this paper have similar purposes. They were designed to deliver messages of propaganda to their audiences. The use of propaganda in the contemporary world is very frequent. This is the result of the high level of effectiveness of propaganda. Gathering crowds and motivating them is the basic and most necessary stage of any social movement directed at creating certain changes in society. The means and effects of propaganda are carefully studied and examined. Propaganda must have a thick and constant flow so that its impact is all-consuming. In the video of FARC propaganda is carried out through the employment of music and images. First of all, the video is directed by cartoon characters. The use of cartoon images implies a certain emotional pattern that broadcasts innocence. From the very beginning, the video excludes the possibility of critical thinking; the “good” and “bad” sides are named and distinguished (Peace Delegation FARC, 2014). Besides, the use of cartoons simplifies the comprehension of the information delivered by the video to its audience. This simplification creates the idea that the “truth” is very obvious and clear. The video of Anonymous uses similar techniques, the music played during the first part of the video is rather cheerful which does not reflect the events described in the video, but creates a strong framing effect on the audience making it feel fed up with the “lies” Anonymous seems to imply (Anodora, 2011). The difference between the video is that the second example of propaganda made by Anonymous has an inspirational speech in it that is accompanied by suitable epic music. Reflection The two videos have informative characters. The first one, of FARC, is more education, while the second one has a structure of a report and a moving motivational proclamation. Besides, they target different audiences. Taking a closer and more attentive look at the FARC video, it is easy to notice that the cartoon characters are of Latin origin, the video is designed to attract the people of Colombia and explain to them the purposes and goals of FARC and the obstacles it has to fight with. The video of Anonymous cleverly utilizes a well known American actor and his amazingly touching monologue targeting people of the United States and encouraging them to fight against the regime, cooperate with the distributors of the video, and make choices in favor of Anonymous. Journal Entry The strengths of propaganda are mainly obtained and gathered through the emotions of its supporters. The loyalty and devotion of the followers of various social movements and non-state actors are based on the high level of their ideological motivation. For a person to fight and be ready to sacrifice their life, their properties, their close people, and their well being for an idea, this idea needs to replace all the other desirable goods of human life. Such all-consuming passion or even obsession with an idea of a belief can only be achieved through a very thorough and long-lasting motivation that covers every sphere of