ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
I believe that true leadership is defined as the ability to successfully integrate the individual talents of various individuals into a cohesive team that can work together towards a goal that has been set by the leader. As such, being an effective leader involves developing the capacity to look at the positive traits of employees that are working for you rather than be prejudiced. Good personal leadership requires a leader to be impartial, results oriented as well as making do with what you have at the present. To be an effective leader is to be a positive human being in terms of how you view your employees and what they are capable of doing. It is based on this definition that when it come to the type of leader that I want to become, I decided that the best route for me would be to lead by developing good relationships with my employees while at the same time creating a task oriented system that enables the people that are working under me to have a clear goal in mind when it comes to the activities that they are doing. Since I am focused more on developing good relationships with my employees, the following are the types of leadership strategies that I will implement:  1. Enabling a person to make necessary instead of emotional choices – under this strategy I will focus on developing the self respect and sense of achievement of my employees. This can be accomplished by encouraging them to work more effectively and with more zeal by complimenting them on their current accomplishments, supporting them with advice and helping them develop a certain level of independence. By doing so, I expect that my employees will become far more adept at individual decision making which should take the pressure off me as a leader.  2. Giving the means to understand and empathize with employees in order to understand their strengths and limitations – it is necessary to support employees through understanding and empathy rather than trying to force them into becoming something that they are not. Under this leadership strategy, I will focus on directing them by understanding how they think, empathizing with their current situation and devising methods that would result in effective work outcomes.  3. Creating an effective work environment by reducing the causes of conflict and mitigating problems before they come about – one of the main problems when it comes to work outputs is the work environment that employees find themselves in. A less secure work environment in terms of support, assistance and guidance from a leader can often lead to employees developing a distinctly negative mindset regarding their job and the person they work for. It is based on this that I will endeavor to ensure that employees feel secure and safe wherein they will understand that they can come to me if they encounter any issues that they are un
An Analysis of the Project’s Structure and Management The structure of this project was expected to be remarkably strong due to the functions the bridge was expected to perform. The bridge was expected to serve Melbourne central business district and the eastern and western parts of Victoria. The Yarra River had served the population for many years (Horine 2009). In fact, the presence of various activities among these regions necessitated the need to introduce the use of a ferry to connect these regions. This implies that the bridge required a qualified team of experts to undertake the project. This factor was grossly disregarded by the team of experts heading the consultancy firm that brokered contracts on behalf of the government. It is common sense that construction of such a bridge requires a company that has vast experience in concrete and steel constructions. However, it seems clear that there was no willingness to ensure quality work was done by the company’s given the bridge contract. From the beginning, the Lower Yarra Crossing Company (LYCC) realized they were unable to provide quality consultation services to clients, and thus withdrew their services on request. This was due to their limited finance that made them voluntarily declare themselves bankrupt. This led to the 1965 establishment of the Lower Yarra Crossing Authority (LYCA) by an act of parliament as an independent statutory authority to oversee the planning, financing, and land acquisition, manage contracts and operate the toll services when the bridge was complete. The consultancy contract awarded to Mounsell and Partners Consultants showed a lack of experience and ability to undertake the project. However, they were sincere, and recommended a London based company Freeman, Fox and Powers (F. F. and P) to un
Introduction Higher education student loans are a form of financial aid given to students which must be subsequently paid off. This differentiates the loans from scholarships or even grants. In the United States, student loans come in various forms like federal higher education loans directly given to students, federal loans given to parents, and loans privately made to students which could be either to the parent or the student. Types of student loans and student loan repayment policy The main student loan types are the federal student loans which are regulated and authorized by the amended Higher Education Act under Title IV. They include federal Perkins law, staffed student loans, federal loans made directly to parents, and federal loans made to students. Federal loans are obtained by students in college or university through funds made straight to the university. These funds are used to add on individual and family property, work-study, scholarships, and grants (Human Resources Manual, 2007, p.3). According to the financial needs of the student, the U.S government may at times subsidize the loans. Department of education also outlines how the loans can be used like tuition fees, purchasing books and equipment, personal computers, and rent, among the others. Federal loans are guaranteed and nearly open to all students despite financial concerns and credit scores. They both have a grace period of six months after graduation of the student. The annual limits are also modest as dependent student’s limit for loans expended on or after 1st July 2008 for both loans (subsidized and unsubsidized). That is annual $5,500 for freshman undergraduates, $6,500 for sophomore undergraduate students, and $7,500 for junior and senior undergraduates. Additionally, students registered in teacher documentation or graduate programs for preparatory coursework are also awarded. Independent graduates’ limits for the same period are higher; they are $9,500 for freshman undergraduates annually, $10,500 for sophomores as well as an annual $12,500 is for both the junior and the senior undergraduate students, plus students enrolled in teacher certification (Human Resources Manual, 2007, p.7). At the federal state, subsidized student loans are only allowed to students with verified financial needs, which differ between schools. For these loans, the interests payments through the U.S federal government are paid when the student is still studying at the university or college. Moreover, the government offers loans that are not subsidized. However, it does not cover the sum of the interest. Thus, the loans, which are guaranteed for the students, who are going to graduate, by the state, are marked with higher limits depending on the level and course of study. Many students also make use of the Federal Perkins Loan, which limit is $6,000 annually (Human Resources Manual, 2007, p.7). Stafford loans have maximum limits for both subsidize
Introduction The organization under evaluation is a small general hospital that has a small workforce. It has several units that include intensive care unit, psychiatric unit, inpatient and outpatient units, and dental unit. I work in the MedSurg unit where knowledge acquired in nursing school is tested. After conducting an inventory of the hospital, I concluded that it exhibits supportive communication patterns. Results and interpretation of the inventory findings According to findings of the survey, the hospital has a supportive communication climate. A supportive communication climate is characterized by a problem-solving approach to issues, critical evaluation of issues and situations, empathy, and promotion of equality (Whetton and Cameron, 2006).The total score from supportive climate survey was 40. This comprised scores from various evaluation factors used. Provisionalism had a score of 8, spontaneity had 7, empathy had 5, problem orientation had 8, equality had 4, and description had 8. The sum total of individual scores was 40. A score of 40 implies that the hospital has a supportive communication climate. The defensive climate descriptor attained a score of 71. Under the defensive climate evaluation, a score of between 70 and 90 implies that the communication climate has few aspects of defensiveness, thus supportive In the MedSurg unit, there is a nurse manager and a clinical coordinator who are nice, friendly, and approachable. The main reason for concluding that the hospital has supportive communication is the score attained in each of the twelve evaluation factors. A score of 8 under Provisionalism means that supervisors allow flexibility at work and encourage creativity. A score of 5 under empathy means that supervisors listen to employees’ problems and respect their decisions. A score of 4 under equality means that they do not make employees feel inferior by use of their status. A score of 7 under spontaneity implies that the supervisors’ communication intentions are honest and employees are free to express themselves without fear. A score of 8 under problem orientation means that supervisors have an open-minded approach to problems. Their approach includes defining problems in order to find appropriate solutions. They do not force employees to embrace specific solutions that they deem appropriate. A score of 8 under the descriptive evaluation factor means that the supervisors’ communications are comprehensible and do not impose anything on employees. High scores under the defensive climate evaluation imply absence of a defensive climate at the hospital. A score of 15 under the evaluation factor means that the supervis
Throughout history, the human civilization has been engaged in warfare against each other. The reasons for war have ranged from ideological differences, territory expansion and competition for resources to name but a few. In most of these wars there exist different views concerning the war among the common citizens and the politicians. In the recent past, the U.S government has waged war against the Iraqi nation and subsequently occupied the land. There has been as much support as there has been opposition for this U.S. led invasion on Iraq. In the 1790s, one of the famous French leaders Maximilien Robespierre faced similar circumstances following the historical French Revolution and the following calls for war against Austria by the new French government. Robespierre took a stand against the war and it is in my opinion that he would have opposed America’s war against Iraq as well. An in depth analysis of the reasons for Robespierre’s opposition to the war against Austria will demonstrate that he would not have supported America’s war with Iraq. While Robespierre was no stranger to violence as can be demonstrated by his horrific reign of terror, he feared that an attack on Austria would result to the militarization of the country and this could turn to be advantageous to the enemies of the newly formed republic. Following the great French Revolution, the then French king Louis the XVI was ousted and subsequently forced to flee with his household. Later on, Louis was captured and executed by the radical revolutionaries sparking widespread fear and panic among the nobles. These monarchs and nobles who were viewed as “enemies of the republic” were persecuted by the radical Jacobins and many of them had fled the country in fear for their lives. A war with Austria which was ruled by a monarch could result in the neighboring countries trying to restore the monarch in France with the help of Frenchmen who were sympathetic to the monarchy. A state of war with Austria would help the sympathizers amass weapons with which to fight the revolutionary forces. Robespierre therefore saw the risk of insurgency that war with Austria presented to the new French republic. The America war with Iraq also presented an opportunity for sympathizers of Hussein to amass weapons and stage terror attacks. Robespierre was doubtful of the local Austrian population supporting France’s war efforts and therefore advised against the confrontation. In Robespierre’s time the members of the radical Jacobin government who were advocating war with Austria were banking on the local population’s s
Having good sanitation habits is the best way to avoid infections and an array of diseases. However, putting into practise good hand hygiene has been documented as the single most effective means of avoiding cross infections. Oakley (2008) refers to the NMC code of conduct which states that every medical practitioner must at all times emphasize on hand washing as a means of minimizing risks of infection to all their patients and clients. Billings et al (2009) state that hand hygiene is a responsibility of every person. In addition, they recommend that medical practitioners should encourage their patients to become part of their healthcare process by ensuring that they live a hygienic lifestyle. This paper shall in detail outline the instructions that should be followed to ensure that each person coming into a hospital gets the know-how as pertaining to hand washing. It should be noted that unless we all practice good hygiene, it will be very difficult to formulate the appropriate response to the increasing incidents of germs infections as well as the difficulty in ensuring that hospital staff wash their hands effectively and at the appropriate times. DeYoung (2009) defines hand washing as the process of cleansing the hands using water and soap towards achieving sanitation. The main reason behind hand washing is to get rid of germs (pathogens, bacteria and viruses) that can lead to infections and personal harm. This habit is very important to all people especially those working in the food and medical sectors. The following are the steps that should be followed to ensure that your hands are effectively cleaned at all times.  1. Ensure that you have a running water source and soap. In a medical setting, warm water is recommended as well as the use of antibacterial gel or liquid soap.  2. Wet your hands with the warm running water and apply your preferred soap. This suspends all the germs and oily microorganisms within your hands and makes it easier to wash them away.  3. Rub your hands together vigorously to make a soapy lather. This should be done away from the running water for approximately 20 seconds. Make sure that you wash the front and back of your hands thoroughly up to the wrist level. Also ensure that you clean between your fingers and under the nails.  4. Put your hands under the warm running water and rub them gently to rinse off all the soap. Ensure that the water flows into the sink and does not trickle down to your elbows.  5. Repeat the first four stages once again. This guarantees that the germs that may be left are cleaned off.  6. Keep your hands from spraying water all
Introduction The following is an argument in favor of the Americare. This medical plan is different from the current Medicare. The Medicare plan is a medical insurance plan that covers the older people who are in the United States. The other insurance is the Medicaid that covers the poor and the unemployed people. This medical plan lead to inequality in provision of health services as they leave most of the uninsured people unable to access critical medical services when they need them. The Americare insurance system is an extended Medicare that aims at covering all Americans irrespective of their age and social status. It incorporates the Medicaid, Medicare, Disability funds, Veterans Health Administration, and insurance for federal employees. Several factors make Americare a better option than the insurance covers in the American healthcare system. Advantages. The first reason is that it eliminates the current experience rating used by the insurers to discriminate elderly and unhealthy people. The commercial insurance companies have policies that eliminate unhealthy and elderly people leaving the healthy young people as their customers. The Americare uses the community rating process to grant insurance policies. The community ratings accept everyone and they are not discriminatory in terms of age and health status. This means that there will be universal insurance coverage for all Americans irrespective of their age. The second advantage of Americare is that it is likely to be more efficient than the existing medical covers in releasing funds to the healthcare facility. This is because gatekeepers who prevent or regulate the amount of funds the patients receive from the insurance will be inexistent in the new insurance. This will make provision of health se
The introduction of Work Choices in 2006 had a huge impact on the nature of work and employment in Australia. It created a new body, the Australian Fair Pay Commission to oversee federal minimum wages and similar matters (Wooden, 2006). However, when the Labor Government came to power in 2007, they introduced the Forward with fairness Act to offset the dramatic changes set in motion through the Work Choices and reversed many of the measures and introduced new reforms as well. They created a new body Fair Work Australia to be entrusted with fixing minimum wages. Gradual evolution In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Hawke Government along with the ACTU and major employer groups worked for wage fixation and award regulation. The aim was to restructure awards in order to modernize work practices and encourage cross-training of workers, especially in manufacturing. But soon the reforms expanded to include productivity bargaining where wage increases were based on productivity. This new emphasis was reflected in the laws passed in 1992 and 1993 at the federal level, where the focus was on workplace level negotiation. Parties were encouraged to have their agreements registered with the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC). Awards were relegated to a secondary role and stipulated to act as a safety net and were applicable for workers who were not successful in negotiating an agreement. They would also serve as a benchmark for bargaining through the ‘no-disadvantage test” – according to which registration of agreements would not be possible if it worsened the condition of the workers in comparison to their condition under the relevant award (Peetz, 2006). In 1996, laws were introduced that allowed the option of having individual workplace agreements along with certified collective agreements. The individual agreement system underwent change during the rule of the Labor Party in 2002 and many employers switched to AWAs instead of their previously used agreements once the Work Choices Act was in place. However, every state was permitted to have a mix of workplace bargaining along with old arbitration methods though priority was on workplace agreements. Thus, the Work Choices Act of 2005 was one that gradually evolved over time since the mid 1980s. The Forward with Fairness Act of 2007 was one that was passed within a short period of time, to reverse some of the measures introduced by the Work Choices Act 2005 and to introduce new measures. Main characteristics The main characteristic of the Work choices reforms is that “they expanded the federal system of regulation at the expense of the State regimes” (Stewart and Williams, 2007, p. 33). In the words of Jill Murray Work Choices 2005 advocated “private employer power, augmented where necessary with direct intervention by Executive government to ensure that the
Workplace violence is an underreported problem that is specifically common in nursing homes or other facilities where care for people with mental issues is provided. The point regarding an effective reporting system is valuable since the development of such instruments will equip the victims of abuse with effective tools to respond to violence. The idea of equipping spaces with some posters (including residents’ areas) is also interesting as it is often assumed that patients will be abusive and nothing can be done about it. However, proper reporting alone and some educational efforts will not suffice as a more comprehensive approach is needed. In addition to the establishment of easy-to-use and effective reporting measures, it is essential to create the corresponding organizational culture where the staff will become a team. The personnel should learn how to collaborate effectively and respond to many situations. Training is essential for the development of a trusting working atmosphere. Moreover, a team consisting of people who respect and care about each other will not tolerate any abuse. Abusers will not be able to work in such a working environment and will change their behaviors or quit. In conclusion, it is important to note that the development of an effective reporting system is one of the steps to undertake to address workplace violence in health care. It is also critical to provide the corresponding training to the personnel and pay specific attention to team building. The creation of a trusting working atmosphere will be the necessary foundation for solving the problem. Apart from the training provided to the staff, certain kinds of training should be given to patients who will also start trusting healthcare professionals and will try to be less abusive.