ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pride and Prejudice is one of the most well-known works of English literature and is a classic Regency novel written by Jane Austen in 1813. In this novel of manners, the author describes the character development of the protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, and depicts the society of late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century England with its values and flaws. Special attention in the novel is given to the image of a woman and sexist stereotypes imposed by society. The aim of this paper is to prove that in her book, Austen managed to reinforce sexist stereotypes about a woman through the portrayal of British society and its views. Stereotypes related to gender inequality, marriage, and an image of an accomplished woman will be discussed in detail to illustrate this point of view. The first stereotype about women that the author proves is that female characters are less powerful in society than men. Women in Austen’s novel are limited in rights and cannot be free in their decisions. The theme of inequality is one of the most important not only in Pride and Prejudice but also in other works of Austen, including Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion (Jones 358). Heroines in these novels “demonstrate women’s condition – in material terms, at least – to be one of precarious dependency” (Jones 358). As a result, marriage was almost the only solution to improve the financial situation of a woman. One of the most evident examples of inequality in the novel is demonstrated in the structure of the legal system. Austen explicitly describes entailment, or the order of inheritance, which proves the low status of a woman in society. The property of Mr. Bennet is entailed to the cousin of the five daughters, Mr. Collins, since in Mr. Bennet’s family, there are no males to inherit the Longbourn estate (Austen 85). Moreover, the inferior status of female characters and their financial vulnerability are expressed in Mrs. Bennet’s fury when Elizabeth rejects Mr. Collins’s proposal. These examples show that in both legal and social realms, women are limited in rights and freedom of choice and depend on men. Another significant stereotype about an English woman of that time is related to marriage as the reflection of a woman’s financial stability and social status. In British society of the 19 th century, marriage was mainly motivated by materialistic values rather than the sincerity of a relationship (Jabborova and Alimova 269). Moreover, marriages were often organized by parents, who saw matrimony as means of achieving happiness (Jabborova and Alimova 269). In Pride and Prejudice , this idea is expressed through the character of Mrs. Bennet, the mother of the protagonist and her four sisters. “The business of her life was to get her daughters married,” Austen writes about this obsession (4). Indeed, Mrs. Bennet’s desire to arrange her daughters’ weddings can be explained by social attitudes towards marriage, which was believed to define the happiness of a woman and her status in society. The experiences of young unmarried female characters of the novel prove the conservative views on marriage described above. According
The question of violence and whether it is an inner characteristic of the human nature or is just a result of the broken society has been debated for many centuries by many writers. The one particular aspect of this phenomenon – the violence of children – is the topic the mere notion of which makes people shudder uncomfortably. The accounts of violent acts done by children shatter people’s idealistic views of childhood. What is the origin of the violence among children? Is it the reflection of their parents’ own tendencies? These questions and many others are addressed in Marisa Silver’s short story Creatures . In the story, the cruel games of the main character’s son compel him to rethink his own disturbing past. In Creatures , Silver explores the subject of violence in human beings, particularly in children, and through the experience of the main character reflects upon the question whether violent accidents are manifestations of the person’s hidden intentions. At the beginning of the story James and his wife Melinda receive a call from a pre-school teacher. The teacher, Mrs. Willing is concerned with their son’s behavior: he chased a boy named Sam with a wooden stick pretending it was an AK-4, and threatened to kill a boy. Right from the beginning the readers see the difference in attitudes between James and Melinda: she takes the issue seriously while James assumes a defensive stance against the teacher. James discontentedly notices that “Melinda had already made the same leap as Mrs. Willing: from Mar
John Locke was a young boy born to a country lawyer in Wrighton. He lived between the years (1632-1704).His parents were two Puritans of meek means. His father worked during the trying times of the early English civil war stages. At that time, a good education was for a select group. The young John was privileged to attend Westminster School, a good school in London after his father’s commanders became a local MP at that time. This was in the year 1647. The school that Locke was sent to is viewed as a major source of intellectual hub during the seventeenth century. Locke according to Woolhouse (23) was an intellectual in the seventeen century. After acquiring his education, according to Kemerling (par.2) John Locke went ahead to become one of the greatest philosophers ever to have lived or born in Europe. The political and intellectual situation at the time was a little odd. The century was characterized by many conflicts. The conflicts ranged from those of parliament and crown to those between the various religious denominations. Some of the denominations that were in conflict were the Protestants, the Anglicans and the Catholics. This gave John a religious, constitutional, political, economic and educational insight of the then times. According to Aldrich (2) was closely connected with a great politician of that time. He worked as a tutor to the politician’s son and as the medical adviser to the family. In 1683, Locke went to the Netherlands to escape the then political environment of his hometown. Five years later, he returned to England. Upon his return, he began to support the new regime and turned down an offer by the ruler to take up an ambassador’s post. The offers were short from over when he received that of being the Commissioner of Appeal and that of the new post by then of a Council of Trade as stated by Aldrich (2). Locke had to wait until the 1690’s to publish his long prepared works. These works included writings like the letter that concerned toleration, this letter was written in 1689; then he wrote an essay that was concerned human understanding later in the year 1690, in 1690 what followed suit was a writing outlining the two treatises of government. He also wrote books that enhance his reputation as a modern educator commonly known as “thoughts” as stated by Aldrich (1). The focus that this paper will tackle is the essay that concerns human understanding. The essay has various concepts that relate to religion and science. Moral science was a major point of interest to the philosophers of the period that Locke was alive. The essay as stated by Aldrich (4) was a product of a discussion of Locke with some of his friends. The philosophers differed i
Introduction For people who have not been completely deprived of their ability to utilize their sense of logic, as a result of being continuously brainwashed by hawks of political correctness, it does not make a whole lot of sense that – the further we are from the time of WW2, the more there emerge “holocaust survivors”, who demand monetary compensations for their “suffering”, even though that it should be other way around. Elie Wiesel, who is being often referred to as “Pope of Holocaust religion”, is a good example of such “survivor”. He was able to become an immensely wealthy individual with the mean of telling horror stories about babies being dumped into fire pits by truckloads. The fact that the critical examination of Wiesel’s outrageous claims is actually punishable by law in such countries as Germany, France and Britain, allowed this “talented and sensitive Jew” to make a good business on spreading lies about WW2, while charging $25.000 per lecture on the subject of Holocaust in colleges and universities. In 1986, Wiesel was awarded a Nobel Prize for his contribution into “revealing the truth about Holocaust”, even though that neither of his claims was being confirmed independently. He was the one who continued to talk about Nazis making soap out of Jews, well after American and British authorities had admitted that the stories of “Jewish soap” were nothing a part of Allied war-propaganda. Yet, despite the fact that there is a plenty of evidence that points out at Wiesel as false witness, his book “Night” is still being considered as an absolutely credible witness account of what happened to Jews during the WW2, simply because the issue of Holocaust has long ago turned into one of the most lucrative businesses, along with drug trafficking and arms trade. Due to the fact that examining holocaust now represents a criminal offence, in countries where hook-nosed descendants of Bolshevik commissars succeeded in instilling citizens with the sense of “historical guilt”, countless “holocaust survivors” are now allowed to extort money from Swiss banks in broad daylight, to establish “museums of Holocaust”, where visitors are being charged $50 per person, and to hold lectures across the country, during the course of which they teach White people how to be ashamed of their own cultural heritage. “A Prominent False Witness: Elie Wiesel” In his article “A Prominent False Witness: Elie Wiesel”, Robert Faurisson provides us with numerous examples of conceptual inconsis
The interaction between the patient and the health care provider plays a vital role in getting and giving medical help. After all, it determines the patient’s satisfaction, understanding of the problem and mental state. The impression after the interaction can affect the patient’s mood and the treatment process. One incident I have had as a child illustrated the importance of having the right attitude toward the person who trusts the health care provider and expects to get help. When I had to remove the molar at the age of 7, the nurse and the doctor acted negligently and caused me a string of pain while doing anesthesia. When I started crying, they said that I was overreacting. After that, there was no attempt to comfort me, and they completely ignored my sobbings while we waited for anesthesia to work. Some concepts can improve communication between the patient and a health care provider, for example, patronizing behavior and blocking. Patronizing behavior can comfort people due to the gentle and easy talk like a mother with a child. Although not everyone enjoys that kind of approach, according to du Pré (2021), some people find it inappropriate. Thus, caregivers should be careful when they decide to interact with the patient in that manner. In addition, the concept of blocking could be helpful to distract the patient from the concerns and anxiety connected to the doctor’s appointment. When the person switches on the other subject, he stops concentrating on their fears and complaints. His condition becomes more stable, and he avoids the emotional disclosure affected by panic or negatives experiences. This case illustrates how a caregiver should not treat the patient: otherwise, the professional in the current situation could use patronizing behavior. Although not all people prefer that communication concept, it can perfectly work for the scared and upset child. Talking down, comforting and using simple words might help the child relax and handle the procedure more easily. In my case were no attempts to communicate with me. Consequently, it has lead to the fear of the dentists. The proper connection and the right amount of empathy would switch the mood and help to concentrate on other things. In conclusion, communication is the key to everything, especially when it comes to such delicate topics as health care. The caregiver’s main task is to find the right approach to the patient and leave him with a positive impression after all. Reference du Pré, A. & Cook Overton, B. (2021). Communication about Health: Current Issues and perspectives. (6th Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Terrorism is an act whereby an individual or any form of organization uses force or intimidation threats for political purposes. Terrorism poses a great danger to any country’s security and it is the responsibility of any government to provide security to its citizens. Security is of paramount importance if a country is to have a peaceful and harmonious economic development. Terrorism can take up various forms, which according to the united states task force on disorders and terrorism include the following: state terrorism, limited political terrorism, civil disorder, political terrorism, quasi terrorism and non-political terrorism. However, these are not the only forms of terrorism. Many scholars have been able to come up with different forms of terrorism. Security in any country will guarantee foreign investors as well as local investors security for their property hence, leading to increase in investment. Terrorism has become a world security threat and dealing with it has also proved to be a hectic and daunting task. Terrorism is a bad act and demeans the fundamental right of human beings to life. Terrorism can be either domestic terrorism or coming from foreign countries. The United States has been one of the most targeted countries by terrorists and various leaders have had various mechanisms put in place to counteract the terrorist’s activities and those supporting terrorists’ activities. This paper will critically analyze Jefferson verses Hamiltonian forms of national security and the impact on modern American and the protection from terrorism. Thomas Jefferson role in drafting national security policies Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 and died on July 4, 1826 at the age of 83 years. He studied law at the William and Mary College. He was the third president of the United States of America in the period between 1801 and 1809. Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Statute of Virginia for religious freedom in the year 1777 as well as the author of the famous United States Declaration of ind
The cosmogram is a sign well acknowledged to the Kongo and one that seems to have carried along a lot of expression within their culture and that of the Bakongo in America. The cross found in the cosmogram is not connected to Christian image but it rather it seems to overlaps the initiative of the cross which was used to crucify Jesus the son of God (Thompson, 108). During the traditional times, the Kongo and Bakongo were deeply rooted to the belief on a superlative divinity known as Nzambi Mpungu and who they had embedded with concept which described his ability in destructibility of the soul. They highly believed that the life of mankind had no end it just comprised of a cycle similar to the setting of the sun which involves the rising in the morning and its setting in the evening was itself a cycle just like that involving mankind. Thompson (109) asserts that, the cosmogram was also referred to as tendwa nza Kongo, dikenga cross, yawa cross or the Kongo cross. The four moment of the sun which incorporated sunrise, midday, sunset and midnight were broadly interpreted by the Kongolese depended different due to the role, maturity and consistency of the interpreter. The four moment of the sun was considered to contain various purposes, for example when it was drawn down, they used it as an altar whereby they were supposed to make a vow with their god and ancestors. The cosmogram was used as the central part for their religious thinking where it provided a set-up that described their spiritual understanding during their daily activities. In simpler stipulations the Kongo cross tended to incorporate African themes into Christianity. It is important that we understand that the unification of African American way of life which comprised of theological dis
Introduction With the current scientific innovations, more so in the world of medicine, medical practitioners have the capability of saving numerous lives, a case that was contrary some few decades ago, because of the absence of life-supporting technological equipment and medicines. Although such technological innovations have given medical practitioners the power of saving lives, through providing remedies to health complications that lacked cure and mechanisms of prolonging lives, some medical complications, for example, cancer still lack a remedy. That is to say, although current technological innovations in medicine have helped to save lives, some medical conditions are irreversible hence, regardless of the technological equipment used; such endeavors to prolong life will only mean lengthened suffering to patients with degenerated health conditions. For example, consider a case of a skin cancer patient; although there exist medical remedies that can ease (but not cure) their suffering, in extreme cases the pain is unendurable hence, prolonging such an individual’s life will only increase their suffering. Another case is of a patient with un-curable respiratory tract infections; the majority of these like patients must always be under a breathing support machine (Doyal and Doyal p.1). Hence, considering the pain that these patients go through, and the fact that most critically ill patients with incurable diseases rarely survive, there is a need for societies to legalize assisted suicide. Why Assisted Suicide should be a Patient’s Decision Maintaining critically ill patients is one of the costly activities that families have to incur in their endeavors to save the lives of their loved ones. Hence, because of the costs associated with maintaining patients under these machines, after the death of such a patient most families face a financial crisis, a case they could have prevented had they assisted their loved ones to end their lives. Considering this, and because in the long run, such individuals will finally die after prolonged suffering, although the law prohibits assisted suicide, there is a need for the law to respect patients’ requests. This should be the case primarily because, regardless of the ethicalness of assisted suicide, all individuals have a moral obligation of determining the course their lives should take, on condition that, their choices have no detrimental effects on others and that in making such choices nobody forced them (Doyal and Doyal 1). Most communities have illegalized assisted suicide, as most individuals view it as an immoral act and an undignified way of ending life. Although this is the case, one thing that most of these individuals fail to recognize is that some medical conditions are irreversible; hence, prolonging individual’s live means increasing their suffering and hopelessness. Assisted suicide is the general practices of helping the terminally ill and suffering end their lives, on condition that the request for the same. Depending on the available means of ending life and the prevailing conditions, a
It is impossible to underestimate the power of the word in our world. The ability to think makes people different form animals while the ability to talk and make people listen influences creation and development of our society. It is one of the most ancient remedies of our world which helps to create states and lead people. That is why, the art of public speaking or rhetoric has always been given a great attention. People understood significance of this art as they were able to watch the aftermath of some successful speech which inspired and, sometimes, even turned the course of history. With this in mind, investigation of some main peculiarities of the development of art of public speaking public can help to understand its peculiarities better. There is no use denying the fact that people used such remedy as public speaking since the appearance of society. However, Ancient Greece is considered to be the state which gave the world the art of rhetoric. The whole society of Ancient Greece was based on the usage of rhetoric. People spoke in public in order to prove their point of view on some issue. It could be politics, private life or other spheres of activity. Different aspects of social life were touched. That is why, sophists appeared. They were able to make any argument logic, even if it was weak and deprived of any sense. However, later, trying to oppose this movement, Plato, Aristotle and Socrates created their own theories of public speaking which became classical. Even nowadays, people are taught rhetoric according to them. Aristotle created the work called Rhetoric devoted to this issue. In this work he states that “Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion” (Aristotle, 350 B.C.E, para. 10), additionally he adds that it is useful because some things are not just what they seem to be and it is for a speaker to explain their nature to judges. (Aristotle, 350 B.C.E) With this in mind, it is possible to say that Aristotle’s Rhetoric has had an enormous influence on the development of the art of public speaking (Rapp, 2010). Having concurred Greece, Roman Empire could not resist powerful influence of its culture and science. That is why, there is a great number of similarities between these two cultures. Oration became an important part of Rom