Introduction Despite the current state of hospital medicine, difficult pregnancies are not uncommon today. For any healthcare specialist, it is critical to sort out priorities when it comes to patients’ needs in complex cases. This paper delves into the topics of postnatal care and prematurity management and explores the case of Shanvi, a woman with multiple health issues and her newborn son. The essay is devoted to a few subtopics, including risk factors present in the case, care interventions needed to manage the premature baby, and Shanvi’s postnatal care needs. Overall, the patients’ needs include proper nutrition and dietary habits, constant monitoring of health, and timely education. Risk Factors Contributing to Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Before being born, the fetus uses the resources of the mother’s body to sustain life and develop properly. Pregnancy is a huge stress for any woman, and there is a variety of health issues that manifest themselves or intensify during this period and are associated with the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. Based on Shanvi’s pregnancy and psychosocial history, it is possible to single out a number of factors that increase the likelihood of unwanted health outcomes for the parturient woman and the fetus. Four factors that are present in the case include abnormal BMI levels (33.4), the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, the history of lower segment Cesarean section resulting in neonatal death, and the experience of domestic violence. The factors are considerably different in terms of the way that they predict complications and risks during and after delivery. Gestational Diabetes and Perinatal Heath Gestational diabetes belongs to the number of harmful conditions that develop in pregnant women. It affects up to fifteen per cent of pregnant non-diabetic patients and is manifested in a rapid increase in blood sugar levels (Billionnet et al., 2017). The diagnosis of gestational diabetes significantly increases the risks to give a preterm birth or have indications for Cesarean section (Billionnet et al., 2017). Also, compared to non-diabetic women, pregnant patients with this condition are statistically more likely to develop eclampsia manifested in high blood pressure, headaches, and decreased urination (Billionnet et al., 2017). In general, according to a large cohort study conducted by Billionnet et al. (2017), the diagnosis of gestational diabetes is associated with higher odds of developing almost any type of unwanted perinatal outcomes. The only exceptions that the researcher’s lists are the malformations of the newborn’s central nervous system and perinatal death – the risks of these conditions in diabetic and non-diabetic parturient women are not drastically different (Billionnet et al., 2017). Nowadays, the impact of gestational diabetes on mortality rates in neonates who are less than seven days old remains a controversial question due to the presence of mixed findings. Importantly, the extent to which gestational diabetes impacts perinatal health is also linked to the selection of treatment strategies. For instance, women with this condition that receive insulin treatment are more likely to give birth to children who develop infantile respiratory distress syndrome compared to diet-treated patients (Billionnet et al., 2017). Actuall