ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Keeping essential records and data in order is one of the building blocks of success in the areas such as research, public services, and management of various collections (Roberts 31). The introduction of information technology into most of the areas has allowed incorporating the corresponding guidelines into the set of principles for museum information management. For instance, the options for inventory control and cataloging have been expanded. Acquisitions, Long-Term Loans, and Accessioning The suggestion of considering the elements borrowed in the long term as a single unit has simplified the process of keeping track of the loans to a considerable extent. Furthermore, the use of an accession register should be viewed as a necessity to make sure that every loan should be returned to the museum promptly (Roberts 31). Inventory Control and Cataloging The control and cataloging of inventory are typically viewed as the second stage of the documentation arrangement. Because of the large number of uses that each item has, it needs to be categorized accordingly. An elaborate taxonomy can be sustained with the help of the AFRICOM standard, which implies that the description, management, its history, and documentation should be viewed as the essential characteristics (Roberts 33). Object Numbering, Labelling, and Marking Numbering each object is crucial to keeping the order of the museum items intact. Apart from a simple enumeration of each art piece, providing the latter with unique accession numbers is also viewed as a crucial step. As a result, the objects that were numbered identically in different areas of the museum can remain unique due to their accession numbers. An excavated object can also be attributed with its excavation date, whereas for an art piece comprised of several elements, each must be provided with a unique number (Roberts 35). Location and Movement Control Tracing the alterations in the location of an art object is imperative for its further identification. As a rule, two fields need to be filled in, i.e., the current and the normal one. The latter implies the location with which the art piece in question has been assigned in accordance to the catalog, whereas the current location is a self-explanatory notion. Apart from keeping regular records about the change of the object location, one should also make sure that the data retrieved in the process should be kept private (Roberts 36). Conservation Information and Condition Reports The relevant information about the object conservation should be provided in the catalog. However, as soon as the amount of information about a particular item is large enough, it is strongly suggested to contain it in a separate file. The same principle applies to condition reports. To be more accurate, the condition and the date of introducing the art piece to the collection must be mentioned (Roberts 39). Deaccessioning and Disposal The process of withdrawing the it
Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss the key arguments of the debate on standardisation vs. adaptation, the advantages and disadvantages of both sides of the contention to discover the most appropriate argument for the international market environment for the twenty first century. According to Madar and Neacşu (2010), the raging debate underpins the argument on removing cross border barriers to investment to ease the production and selling of goods or tailoring products to suit different cultural orientations. IKEA and McDonald’s are some of the best examples of companies which have integrated standardisation and adaptation respectively in different market environments to gain competitive advantage. According to Jeannet and Hennessey (2004), the outstanding success of Coca-Cola in the global market is because of its standardisation marketing strategy, which consists of defined uniform standards for operating in multicultural, technological, geographic, demographic, and legal environments (Czinkota & Ronkainen 2010). According to studies by Czinkota and Ronkainen (2007), Coca Cola has worked hard to integrate the four 4Ps of product, price, place, and promotion into its marketing strategy with carefully toned messages to physiologically influence the target markets, creating a global corporate image. The company’s executives understand quite well that international and national market environments change with changing market attributes creating a universal and diachronic existence. That has made Coca Cola to slightly modify its products based on the elements of standardisation to competitively position its products in the market (Gomez, 2013; Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2007; Jeannet & Hennessey (2004). Key arguments of standardisation vs adaptation debate Standardisation is defined as “the process of extending and effectively applying domestic target-market-dictated product standards tangible and/or in
Abstract Movement is one of the most essential aspects of human life which help in driving the economy of nations. Unfortunately, gaps in human performance usually lead to mistakes which mostly end up in accidents. Research has shown that physical fitness of a person reduces chances of a person getting sick since it improves the immune system of the body. Regular exercises have been proofed to increase stamina and body strength thus enabling a person to work for long without getting tired. On the same point, a physically fit person is able to avoid abdominal and back pains associated with sitting for long. In conjunction with that, sharpness of the mind increases when one engages in physical exercises regularly thus enabling the person to deal with critical situations effectively besides enhances being alert incase of any emergency. It is depicted that, physical fitness of the entire plane crew highly affects their actions and performance because of the close relationship between physical fitness and human factors in aviation. Since plane crew has little time to access exercise equipments, ways are suggested through which they can be creative and use what they can access in their places of destination to keep their bodies physically fit. Background Many plane accidents that occur today have been associated with the human mistake as opposed to mechanical failure of the craft. Pilots make mistakes of judgment either due to loss of concentration or lack of alertness which leads to the pilots being unable to respond quickly and efficiently when they are required to do so (Salas & Maurino 2010). On top of that, the body functioning of a human being highly determines the degree of responsiveness that the same person will exhibit in any given situation, and this in the end, determines the results that should be expected. While human beings most of the time like to work very much, overworking the body can lead to fatal outcomes which would have been prevented if proper attention was given to the body. Aviation is an aspect that highly depends on the judgment of the people on the crew and the pilot for any outcome therefore, necessitating the importance of one to be careful with the health state of their bodies (Stolzer, Halford & Goglia 2010). The human factors which seem minute to some extent are very vital when it comes to aviation because they influence the decision making process of people on wh
Introduction In this family and child developmental case study, I have chosen a family close to my residence. As required by the syllabus, I have been able to stay with the family and enquire deeply into Jessica’s development. Prior to the stay, I had read a few articles and books on developmental milestones. Mary Sheridan’s book “From birth to five years” and an article on the Child Development Programme by the Centre for Child and Adolescent Services Research Centre provided me all the necessary information to make suitable inquiries with the family. I was already armed with a set of questions to be asked when I reached for the stay. The Family structure Jessica Ray is an infant of one year and nine months of age. She has an elder brother, Ryan, of age four years and six months. They have their mother Cathy and father, Peter, with them at home. The maternal grandparents, John and Louise are also living with them. They are a close-knit extended family with plenty of bonding with each other and the children. Peter and Cathy have full-time jobs. Peter is aged 31 and is a software engineer in the Wachovia Bank. Cathy is 30 and a staff nurse in the Hayes Hospital in town. Ryan, the elder child, is 3 years and 6 months of age. He is attending a day-care center close to his house. Louise takes him to and from it. Jessica is just 1 year and nine months. The older Rays are essentially farmers who had moderate holdings. Now the two brothers work there. The McKennas are also middle-class and held Government jobs. Both have accepted voluntary retirement and are living with Peter and Cathy to help them. Louise has Non-Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus which is well controlled and she enjoys fairly good health as she conforms strictly to her diet and exercises apart from her medicines. John is absolutely healthy, jovial, and keeps the atmosphere bonhomie. The grandchildren are really fond of him. Both John and Louise understand that their grandchildren need their attention and guidance badly as Cathy and Peter are busy. Louise is the carer and child rearer. John is a disciplinarian and maintenance person. He makes sure that groceries and baby food are always sufficient. Peter is the decision-maker and plays the role of the primary breadwinner. Cathy is the person who looks after the health of the children and family members. She always is on the dot where her children’s immunizations are due. Both Cathy and Peter are ardent workers and responsible parents. Relationship with family members William and Marie, the paternal grandparents, live just around the corner and visit this family frequently. The grandchildren are lucky to have two sets of doting grandparents. Cathy’s sister Anne’s family lives twenty miles from them. Her two girls are extremely fond of the children here and insist on seeing them almost every weekend if they had their way. Peter’s unmarried brothers live togeth
The introduction of innovative ways of learning in modern healthcare institutions is a responsible task because this industry constantly evolves and new opportunities emerge. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to specific mechanisms that stimulate the training of specialists based on the existing strategies. According to Burns, Bradley, and Weiner (2011), various techniques contribute to organizational learning in healthcare, for instance, stimulating shared vision, encouraging personal mastery, promoting system thinking, and some other initiatives. For medical professionals to implement innovations successfully, it is crucial to ensure appropriate working conditions so that all employees could have access to all necessary resources. If the management cannot provide subordinates with such an opportunity, this affects the outcome of medical practice adversely and inhibits innovations. It is also important to pay attention to additional factors constraining innovations in medical practice. Burns et al. (2011) argue that in a real healthcare environment, progress can be fraught with attendant difficulties, for instance, errors at the stage of introducing the new forms of employee training. However, the heads of large organizations need to pay particular attention to performance control to minimize errors and receive a comprehensive picture of subordinates’ productivity. Another significant measure is creating appropriate communication conditions for both junior and senior personnel. According to Balasubramanian et al. (2015), the process of interaction among medical specialists is an essential criterion for assessing the success of an individual healthcare institution and its leaders’ efforts. Stimulating the introduction of organizational learning principles may have meaningful results if all workers are aware of the importance of innovations. Consequently, proper career guidance is a necessary component of progress in the healthcare field.
Introduction The Central African Republic acquired its independence from France on 13 August 1960 as for the previous 70 years, it had been under the colonial rule. The country is located in the middle of Africa, and it preconditions its extreme ethnic and religious diversity. The dominating religion is Christianity, but at the same time, there is a small Muslim community. There are two official languages, which are French and Sango. The population of the republic counts 4,6 million people (Smith, 2015). The country is rich in various natural resources; however, diamonds and wood remain the main ones. The agricultural sector of the state economy remains the most developed one and the majority of citizens work in it. The Central African Republic has one of the lowest GDP per capita which is $401 (Smith, 2015). For this reason, there are multiple attempts to get financial support from other countries to invest in the development of tourism. The history of the government in the state remains complex as there is no previous successful experience. Jean-Bedel Bokassa was the first president of the coutnry until the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. However, in 2004 the civil war caused by religious, ethnic, and political causes started (Smith, 2015). It resulted in mass devastations and chaos on the territory of the Central African Republic. Problems Central African Republic has the potential for further evolution and becoming o
Introduction Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin were both mighty political and social figures who shaped history and set the development path of Switzerland for many years ahead. The Reformation period in Switzerland is a multifaceted cultural and historical period of time where a variety of events, their succession, and reaction to them were deeply interrelated, which is why it is paramount to retrospectively assess and discuss the key figures, parties, and their actions. This paper will compare and contrast the roles of Zwingli and Calvin in the period of Reformation in Switzerland, the reactions of church and common people, and the interconnectedness of military, political events, as well as different religious groups. Church’s Reaction to Reformers By the end of the middle ages, the authority of the Roman Catholic Church was to a large extent undermined by the corruption which surfaced in many instances. The representatives of the church enjoyed their position of power, wealth, and privileged position, which determined their negative predisposition against all attempts of changing their way of life to a more modest one. The reforms proposed by Zwingli and Calvin also faced criticism from all the ranks of Catholic officials. In the case of Zwingli, who had the power of the city council of Zurich and other cities in Switzerland, the discontent of the Catholic church took the form of military actions between the two conglomerates of cantons. 1 At that time, it was possible to be killed for one’s religious beliefs that contradicted the Catholic doctrine, which affected both the followers of Zwingli and Calvin. 2 The rejection of Zwingli’s reforms was arguably more pronounced than that of Calvin’s. Calvinist churches were established with almost no physical resistance, although secretly at first. 3 This process was probably due to the nature of Calvinist ideas that favored the concentration of political power in the hands of the clergy. 4 Thus, the reaction of the Catholic church was harsher in instances where its power was substantially reduced and privileges regulated. Common People’s Reaction to Reformers Both Zwingli and Calvin had a substantial influence on the lower classes’ life. The state of a common person’s life had been dismal long before the Reformation. The ideas of Zwingli, as well as Luther, and Calvin had an impact on the way peasants expressed their ideas about change. The Twelve Articles of Memmingen, composed by revolutionary peasants, demanded the right to exercise control over the election and dismissal of pastors along with abolition of practices i
In psychology, diversity means incorporation of various people who have different beliefs, different race or different gender (Cherry, 2011). Various issues arise due to presence of diversity among different people, and one of them is societal oppression. Societal oppression entails unequal treatment of people who are not of similar religion, race or gender with majority of people. Diversity affects the economic consideration of members of a given society. At times, the society may tie the ethnicity of people with economic performance of a given people. In so doing, the minority in the society risk being oppressed when it comes to economic consideration. Economic consideration entails the various determinants of the economy. A diverse society has people of both genders. The male gender is favored more when it comes to selection in the work place (Grabher and Stark, 2007). For the longest time, the male gender has been favored in the working environment. The cause of this may be due to the fact that they are able to relocate easily and they are also noted to have minimal disturbance in their work. Minimal disturbance in this case means unlike women, men don’t have breaks due to life experiences like pregnancies. This is the reason for the huge gender income gap between the two genders. Politically, diversity, especially in the ethnic aspect, tends to bring division in politics in a country. For example, people of similar views ethnically have a certain way of voting. Since most societies are multicultural, different cultural backgrounds have different political views (Graen, 2003). This strongly implies that certain groups of people tend to vote as a single block or with a similar pattern. The cause of this behavior is the fact that people feel welcomed to a certain group of people and political party due to the views and principles upheld by these groups. The morals that a certain group of people uphold also have a part to play on the political consideration of a certain society (Kaid, 2004). A certain group of people will feel obliged to side with a certain political side due to the way their morals are upheld. Ethics upheld by the society among the various multicultural society members also shape the political consideration of a certain people. Psychologically, the behavior of people in in a community is backed by various schools of thoughts. One of such thought is Behavioral psychology which is also known as, the theory of behaviorism. In this school of thought, people’s behavior is believed to be caused by conditioni
The interaction between people of differing cultures is characterized by a fear of judgment and ineffective communication. Prejudice on people of different cultures leads to emotional and psychological hurting effects (Dupraw and Axner 1). When people are communicating, they have hopes of engaging in a conversation, learning from others, creating friendships, and viewing things from varying points of view (Dupraw and Axner 1). Communication development and cultural differences become a barrier to information sharing in meetings (Dupraw and Axner 1). Culture can be viewed from a broad perspective to a point that people view themselves as belonging to different cultures. This article also argues that individual histories are determined by cultural influence. An individual is influenced by many factors and culture is one of the most powerful of them. Culture is a lens that one uses to view the world, a logic that gives the order to the world, and the grammar that enables a person to make sense of the world (Dupraw and Axner 2). People view the world because of these issues, hence making sense and expression of it. Individuals from different cultures can be willing to work together, but it is common to have values of the various conflicting groups (Dupraw and Axner 12). Six crucial patterns of cultural differences explain how communication difficulties develop. First, there are different communication styles in different cultures. Language may be different with differing phrases and words having a differing application. Moreover, the criticality of non-verbal communication varies across cultures. The second pattern involves various attitudes attached to the conflict with some cultures viewing it as a positive issue while others avoid it (Dupraw and Axner 3). The third pattern is the varying approaches to working on tasks whereby cultures have different ways of assigning people to complete tasks. Additionally, individuals from different groups have different views regarding collaboration and how work should be done (Dupraw and Axner 3). The fourth pattern has to do with the varying decision-making styles whereby the roles of making a decision vary across cultures. Moreover, various groups of people differ concerning issues to do with disclosure. Expression of emotions has space in some cultures but discouraged in others (Dupraw and Axner 4). Finally, different people have different approaches to knowledge. Some cultures support cognitive means of acquiring information with others supporting symbolic imagery and rhythm or transcendence. However, society is giving more attention to the previously ignored ways of acquiring knowledge (Dupraw and Axner 4). In regards to respecting our differences and embracing teamwork, knowing the above patterns is paramount in understanding people from other cultures. Not understanding others lead to judging them as abnormal, weird, or wrong resulting in prejudices (Dupraw and Axner 4). Learning the way different peo