ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The designs of various historical monuments are usually determined by various factors among them the historical events, personalities, and location of these features. Ancient artists always considered these aspects when developing the designs of different buildings. However, today’s artists have added another twist to enhance the appearance of these features and ensure they serve their purposes, as the importance of functionality and convenience has become a common factor in the designing of new buildings in today’s society. Nowadays, architects tend to believe that a building should not only portray the national heritage of a country but should also serve the intended purposes. Additionally, the newly established policies that govern the construction and quality of urban structures have forced the authorities to restructure and renovate their buildings or face the risk of being demolished. In this case, this paper compares the extension of the Christian Science Center (1971-1973) and the West Wing addition to the Museum of Fine Arts (completed in 1981) while describing their shape and other architectural features. Comparison I.M. Pei & Associates (London) was contracted to design a new face of the Christian Science Center and give it both a facelift and extension of major parts to accommodate new rooms (Dierking and Falk 57). A new extension included a complex of buildings that were designed to match and integrate with the themes of the old features. In this case, credit is given to the architectural mastery while being able to extend the ensemble of the buildings and surround the Church. The Sunday School building (Reflection Hall; 235 Huntington Avenue), Colonnade building (101 Belvidere Street), Administration building (along 177 Huntington Avenue), the Reflecting Pool, and other public spaces are some of the major features of this building that can be observed (Dierking and Falk 57) (see Figure 1). This complex of buildings gave the old Christian Science Center both a modern and beautiful look that has changed the overall image of this place. The re-design of the old building led to the establishment of more rooms and space for other activities, and it had a positive impact on the building and its users. For instance, the Sunday School building was designed to meet the demand of a high-end urban center and offer enough space for both office and private activities (Wallach 41). The designer prioritized the need to provide spacious rooms in an urban center without jeopardizing the quality of the architectural and religious concepts connected to the building. Furthermore, today, these buildings and the headquarters of the Church of Christ’s offices are situated along with the pool (see Figure 1). The glass-like walls on the poolside make this extended part of the building be referred to as the Reflection Hall (see Figure 2). In most cases, the sun is reflected and directed into the hall while creating the contrast of shadows and light (Duncan 280). The large transparent windows allow the spread of the light while distributing the s
Introduction Differences in opinion are common in everyday life. The more controversial the issue is, the more intense the debate around them becomes. Why does this happen? One possible reason could involve the inherent biases of the people. This paper will analyze the conflicting viewpoints on the issue and will provide an insight into my personal biases that affect my judgment. The Author’s Premises The presented issue is focused on the school uniforms and whether they should be enforced by the school. Over the course of the previous assignment, I have stated that I do not support the enforcement of school uniforms for the following reasons. I believe that school uniforms restrict the ability of the students to express themselves. Expression is one of the most valued aspects of the human experience. In fact, it is so important that it is included in the First Amendment of the US Constitution. Therefore the skills of expression should be developed from a young age. The school is a social environment, and it can serve as the first experience of expression in a public setting. The second premise behind my opinion is school uniforms do not improve the academic aspects of the students. Studies have shown that school uniforms have no effects on attendance or the results of exams. Moreover, a negative effect was found on the academic abilities of the students. With no clear academic benefit to the students, I cannot see the school uniforms as a good thing for the school to enforce. The last premise I chose was the extra expense uniforms would bring to the families of the students. Schools require a lot of spending by the parents. With public schools accommodating children with all socioeconomic backgrounds, this expense might become harsher depending on the economic situation of the family (McDaniel, 2013). I believe that in these situations, the students should be able to study without their families paying extra money for things that do not improve the study experience (“Should children have to wear,” 2017). The Opponent’s Premises School uniforms are a very controversial issue, which means that it has a lot of arguments that are presented by both sides. Out of the available opposing premises, I have chosen the following. The first is the possible use of the school uniforms as a crime deterrent. I believe that after looking at the studies that have been performed on this issue a perso
Background The notion of medical error may be defined as “a preventable adverse outcome that results from improper medical management (a mistake of commission) rather than from the progression of an illness resulting from lack of care (a mistake of omission)” (Kiymaz & Koç, 2018, p. 1161). The purpose of the present paper is to present an outline for a practicum project named “Effective system workflow to prevent medical errors and healthcare costs.” The ultimate goal of the project is to create a tangible workflow framework to mitigate the risks of medical errors and increased healthcare costs through the evaluation of current barriers to meaningful practice. The paper will consist of the goal and objectives outline, brief literature review, project methodology and evaluation approaches, and an approximate project timeline. Goal Statement While medical errors are frequently perceived as synonymous with professional competence, the aspects of workflow and hospital environment contribute significantly to the probability of error and the likelihood of its timely reporting. Hence, the goal of the present project is to assess the existing barriers to the errorless nursing practice and propose a tangible framework of workflow improvement to eliminate these barriers. The focus of the project primarily concerns the paradigm of medical errors and the patterns of their reporting and correction within the hospital environments. The population of the project will include nurses with at least one year of experience on the hospital premises, with the sample consisting of approximately 300 nurses. Project Objectives In order to meet the goal of the present project, the following two objectives are to be reached:   * To connect the paradigms of nursing workflow and medical error occurrence in order to define the barriers to safe practices;   * To develop an effective workflow framework among nurses that would mitigate the risk of committing a medical error significantly. Once they are fulfilled, the overall field of nursing practice may benefit significantly from adopting new practices on preventing, identifying, reporting, and remediating medical errors in a productive environment. Evidence-Based Review of Literature A significant issue related to the management of medical errors is their perception in the professional community. The Code of Ethics presented by the American Nursing Association (ANA, 2015) states that while errors should be reduced and omitted, there is no explicit prohibition of making a mistake, as no one is immune to oversight. Moreover, there is an explicit indication that there are extreme cases for the fallacy to become punitive, and all the other cases of medical errors are to be reported, discussed, and corrected (ANA, 2015). The misinterpretation or ignorance of these recommendations leads to a vicious circle of making a mistake, underreporting it due to fear of being punished, and committi
Introduction This chapter will look at the Porter’s Five Force Model in which the paper will exhaustively research on the academic writings that have been jotted by different scholars with the objective of demystifying the factors that have made the Porter’s Five Forces Model a phenomenon instrument in organization management and competitive strategic formulation. The chapter will particularly dissect each of the five factors to bring out their role in organization management as it has been contributed by different writers and scholars. The chapter will also seek to bring out the criticism that has been hurled at the Porter’s Five Force Model in which a number of scholars have attributed that this model is myopic and thus impotent in its capability to cope with the demand of the modern business environment. The chapter will then draw a conclusive summary that is expected to silhouette findings of the chapter. The intensity of competitive rivalry According to Romain, (2010), a firm’s behavior, the profits patterns and the investment policies are usually shaped by the set rules on competition that is inherent in the industry. Firms in a specific industry invest heavily in technologies that enhance their capacity, marketing structures, research and product development as well as instituting price reductions, which are directly informed by the competition in the industry to adapt to its intensity and nature. Competitive rivalry was originally viewed as indicative or descriptive of the industry’s potential to increase profit margins. Strategic managers have over time had a deeper understanding of competitive rivalry and are now integrating it into their competitive strategy. According to Grundy, (2006), managers tend to spend more time monitoring and analyzing competitors in their industry when they are threatened by overwhelming competition. At times, strategic managers have had to keep the prices of their goods and services down since making of huge profits attracts competitors who view the industry as extremely lucrative hence having to share their market. However, companies that have invested heavily in technology are sometimes able to price their products expensively and therefore, are able to achieve higher profit margins before other rival companies can imitate the technology. This is more evident in companies that deal in development of electronics and pharmaceuticals since the innovation of a superior product and the setting up of new production lines is mostly too expensive for small firms (Kumar, Mathew & Kathryn, 2009). Firms also need to dominate markets since lack of a dominant operator in the industry often attracts more competitors
Field research is a scientific method of data collection based on observation and interaction with people in their natural environment. Preparation for a field study starts with theoretical research, a general analysis of the area, the establishment of data collection methods, and objectives development (Burgess 24). Typically, careful planning is required, which includes choosing workspace and equipment, risk assessment, team building, costs and time planning. First, to prepare for field research, I would conduct a careful study of the area and make a comprehensive list of all potential threats. Depending on the region and the setting, they may include health and environmental threats, security and crime-related issues, and problems resulting from the locals’ attitude towards strangers. Different types of threats require different security, health, and financial measures as well as personal, physical, and social sacrifices. For example, vaccination may be needed to travel to certain regions that can cause possible side effects and require an incubation period. Second, I would study the cultural and linguistic specifics of the area. Certain regions’ population can act hostile towards the members of a particular nation or religious group, and it may require the researcher to change their behavior to avoid potential tensions. For example, it may include studying the basics of a local language to prevent miscommunication, and careful observation of local religious traditions. I believe that certain social sacrifices are always required to blend into a particular social group. Third, I would focus on organizing the field setting with consideration of the equipment and personal safety. I would establish what equipment I need to conduct my research, how the workspace will be organized, what security measures should be implemented, and how the results will be collected and stored. In different regions, different research facilities are available, starting from basic field stations to high-tech laboratories. I believe that the key to successful research is making a plan that would consider both internal study requirements and restrictions, and external factors determined by the location. Work Cited Burgess, Robert. Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual. Routledge, 2003.
As Dough Pizza advances its business, the environment of stability and consistent profits encourage considerations regarding the future of the company. Thus, the main purpose of the paper is to discuss the current position of the pizzeria in the market and therefore offer a comprehensive look at where the company can go next, and what the opportunities or limitations are. Dough Pizza is positioned as a restaurant that offers great quality pizzas and sub sandwiches at affordable prices with a specific focus on positive relations with customers. The current market that Dough Pizza serves is a community of residents, university students, teachers, families, and friends in Lynchburg, VA. The key strength of the business is linked to close connections with clients and catering to their demands. Being a small company, Dough Pizza can immediately get customers’ feedback and make changes accordingly. Such modifications range from menu adjustments to interior changes in order to please customers and ensure that they return. The main skill is associated with the expertise of the restaurant’s team in providing the best services possible while the resources include the marketing, expertise, and a loyal customer base that can help in reaching success in the future. Understanding the application of Porter’s Five Forces to Dough Pizza can be helpful in identifying the business’s opportunities. Competitive rivalry is high for the restaurant because of the range of large pizzeria chains and fast food locations that offer food at reasonable prices (“Porter’s five forces for the pizza industry,” 2019). The supplier pow
A Narrative Writing Lesson Lesson Plan   * Name:   * WGU Task Objective Number: General Information   * Lesson Title & Subject(s): English language arts: Narrative Writing.   * Topic or Unit of Study: My City: My Adventures in the City.   * Grade/Level: 3rd grade.   * Instructional Setting: The lesson plan will be implemented in the 3rd grade classroom for the group of 20 students. The students will be sitting at desks prepared for the writing activities. Students will practice in narrative writing with references to the topic ‘My City’ which combines several lessons in a unit. Standards, Goals and Objectives Your State Core Curriculum/Student Achievement Standard(s) Writing Standards: “3. Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences” (Wisconsin Academic Standards, 2012). Lesson Goal(s) Students will be able to write small narrative pieces basing on the topic ‘My Adventures in the City’. Lesson Objective(s) By the end of the lesson, students will be able to present the small narrative pieces on the topic ‘My Adventures in the City’ which are written and assessed according the Six Traits Writing Model and in which students develop real or imagined events using descriptive details and clear event sequences (Wisconsin Academic Standards, 2012). The objective of the lesson is to review the Six Traits Writing Model and use it to help students write the effective narrative which is assessed basing on this model (6 point scale in relation to 6 criteria). The students are expected to demonstrate the ability to write narratives at the excellent (maximum – 36 points) and good levels (24 points). Materials and Resources Instructional Materials Power Point Presentation ‘Connection of the Writing Process with the Six Traits Model’, the example of narratives presented at the board (scheme), the vocabulary table. Resources Gunning, T. (2010). Creating literacy instruction for all students. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon/Pearson Education. Wisconsin Academic Standards. (2012). Web. Instructional Plan Sequence of Instructional Procedures/Activities/Events Identification of Student Prerequisite Knowledge and/or Skills (5 minutes) Students have learnt the Six Traits Writing Model during the previous lessons. The task is to review the main features of the model. Students are asked to name the model’s components. The teacher listens to the students’ answers, corrects them, if it is necessary, and writes the components on the blackboard. The students are expected to review such components as voice, idea, organization, word choice, sentence fluency, conventions. The teacher states that to write an effective narrative, it
Introduction In bid rigging, companies collude in an auction in order to rig the results of an expected outcome in a certain bid. In the summer food bid rigging case, the Justice department charged several food vendors for colluding to bid rig supplies of worth US $ 210 Million; these were contracts to supply food for the city schools. The vendors had artificially inflated the prices by around ten percent; this was about US $ 21 million. While a total of thirteen vendors had been charged, six agreed to plead guilty and cooperate with the investigators; the vendors had actually agreed to submit some falsified statements. This was done with the purpose of stifling the competition that would otherwise be staged by a fair bidding (Slade, 1987). The prosecution said that this bidding would deny the procurement of a better deal with a fair price. The rationale of the behaviour of bid rigging is that as oligopolistic group profit, maximization is of key importance. As a result of this, in order to get an incentive, they collude together to increase the profit margin (Stigler, 1964). Ethics In the public sector, the question of ethics is a core value in administration. Ethics places both a moral and legal duty to the public administrators to carryout their functions with due diligence. Ethics requires that accountability and transparency be upheld every time the public administrators are on duty. It forms a basis upon which the public can scrutinize the actions committed by the administrators. Ethical issues normally address the province of public administrators as public servants. It provides a benchmark upon which the actions of public administrators are supposed to work. The focal point of ethics in public administration normally lies upon the rationale and models that an administration may use in making decisions (Hausman & Ruud, 1987). Public administrators normally make their decisions in accordance with a process that has four distinct levels (Cooper, 1990). The levels normally come out differently in decision making as they are influenced by different views. The Expressive Level where the decision maker responds to a certain situation with unreflective expressions of emotions that neither needs a reply nor attempt to be persuasive. The Level of Moral Rules: the responsive in this level are based upon the morals that we have acquired from morals that we have obtained through interaction from our social life and family. The Level of Ethical Analysis: this depends on certain level of ethical benchmark that exists which should be used when making a decision (Hendricks & Porter, 1989). This forms more or less of the code of action that is to be taken by the decision makers. The benchmark against bid rigging is the antitrust law which express forbids this. The post ethical level is the fourth level; this level involves questions that are surrounding the rationale for c
Climate change According to Morgan (2003), climate change is the change of weather distribution patterns for a long period. Currently the world is experiencing extreme changes in the weather patterns that have really affected most of the nation’s economy. Climate change is a global problem that has attracted most of the researchers worldwide with an aim of coming up with a concrete solution to this life threatening monster. Several factors cause climate change. Some of these factors are natural while others are as result of anthropogenic activities. Human activities have greatly contributed to climate change. Due to population growth and other human interest like need for quick money, forests have been encroached. Friis (2012) points out that the forests are very crucial in weather regulation. The forests also act as carbon sinks. Industrialization has found its way in many countries. According to Morgan (2003), industries have been discovered to contribute to the global warming phenomenon that leads to climate change. These industries emit various greenhouse gases that have significant impacts to the environment. Countries like China and the United States are leading in emission of greenhouse gases. Irrespective of where atmospheric pollution takes place, the impacts of global warming are felt globally. Friis (2012) argues that climate change impacts are so evident amongst many nations. These impacts include extreme temperature changes, change in rainfall patterns, rise, and fall of oceans, melting of the ice caps, frequent tornadoes and volcanic eruptions, flooding, droughts and many others. These changes are seriously affecting the economy of many nations. Many researches done show that climate change is the contributor of most of sufferings experienced by many countries today. Strategy for garnering effective action on climate change mitigation To come up with a sustainable action for climate change, a number of factors that should be put into consideration. As explained by Morgan (2003), climate change mitigation is not a one-man or nation’s effort. This scholar argues that for any effort to reduce or avoid climate change to yield any fruits a collaborative approach should be applied. Nations should come together and combine efforts in the mitigation. The approach should be participatory in that every member of the community is aware of ways that leads to climate change in order to take the necessary precaution measures. The Kyoto protocol sets a very important strategy for curbing climate change impacts. It is an international environmental friendly treaty that has set obligations, binding nations to reduce industrial emissions of greenhouse gases and avoid any anthropogenic activities that destabilize the climate system. The treaty also aims at enhancing public awareness on climate change. The Kyoto protocol has very strong principles geared towards avoiding climate change (Moeller, 2005). The objective of this treaty is to make the member countries adopt ways that r