ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Emirates NBD is a banking group that occurred due to the merger of the second and fourth greatest banks with excellent performance. Emirates Bank International and the National Bank of Dubai considered that their cooperation can be advantageous for both sides and will allow them to reach a common goal of becoming the leaders in the industry. They merged in 2007, which ensured their promising future. The vision of Emirates NBD is to become “globally recognized as the most valued financial services provider based in the Middle East” (“Vision” para. 1). The Group has more than 200 branches and 900 ATMs and CDMs that can be found not only in their region but also overseas. It is the major franchise in the corporate banking arena with strong investment. Emirates NBD provides brokerage and private banking services and ensures value to its stakeholders. The merger undertakes corporate social responsibility. It focuses on charity, environment, education and other activities critical for the country. The assets of Emirates NBD are more than AED 400 Billion. Except for that, the company has many awards. Leadership and Governance Emirates NBD is a large entity, which is led by nine outstanding individuals who are masters in their industries. The Board of Directors represents the local community, which proves that they are well aware of the UAE’s business situation and requirements. All members meet once a month in order to discuss overall strategy and performance, financial aspects of work and approve such things as dividends or annual report. In this way, it can be seen that the Board of Directors not only has power over the Group but also is in charge of its performance and working details. There are also many independent non-executive directors. They are seen as a group of people whose views and decisions are not influenced by the issues with shareholders and partners (“Board of Directors” para. 4). The Group has many stakeholders whose interests are represented by four board committees. The Board Credit and Investment Committee is in charge of financial reporting. It ensures quality control that is critical for stakeholders. The Board Audit Committee monitors legal and regulatory compliance. It makes sure that the internal codes of conduct are followed and manages financial control systems. The Board Risk Committee deals with risk management procedures and helps to manage finances. The Board Nomination & Remuneration Committee is focused on Human resources. They all can alter Emirates NBD activities to meet all demands and requirements and remain efficient. The senior management team keeps a sharp lookout for the performance of the Group. Being also known as the Executive team, it is in charge of making decisions that can influence the whole Emirates NBD. Of course, the power of this team is limited, and the Board of Directors has more authority but it still responsible for vital operations. For example, the senior management team controls the day to day running of the merge and implements strategies that are likely to streamline the Group’s growth. I
Introduction Pipeline installations have relied on a number of strategies depending on the location. This article provides a brief description of some of the methods used in pipeline installations. The article reviews the following pipeline installations:   * Pig traps   * Block valves   * Offtakes   * Compressor stations The designs of these pipelines are not standard. Instead, they depend on the location, function of the pipeline relative to fluid for transportation, temperature, and operating pressure. Pipelines have several points of installations to ensure maximum efficiency during transportation of fluids. Pig Traps Pipeline pigging is a method of inspecting and cleaning inner parts of the pipeline using a gadget known as pig. Pig traps are installations used for “inserting or launching pigs into the pipeline and taking them out or receiving them after a successful run without interrupting the process of fluid flow in the pipeline” (Mohitpour, Szabo and Hardeveld, 2005). A pig trap is like an air lock. The valve separates pig traps from the pipeline. This provides opportunities to depressurise the pipeline in order to insert the pig. Pigs vary in terms of materials and their composition. For instance, there are magnetic flux and air-filled plastic pigs suitable as tools for inspection of leakages. People who use pig traps load and close the trap in order to pressurise the pipeline. However, the main valve trap remains open so that the pressure can direct the fluid when the pig is behind in order to force it into the pipeline. Pigging also has a receiving end where the reverse process takes place. It is imperative to ensure that the pigging system is safe and can withstand extreme temp
Introduction Many scholars and theorists have been divided over the ethically (on unethically) of wealth disparity in the world. The rise of globalization is associated with a wide range of changes across the world. This wave has led to increased disparities in the opportunities and wealth of citizens and nations. The emergence of modern technologies, new policies, and political changes is something that widened the inequality gap. The rising levels of inequalities have led to numerous social problems and lack of opportunities (Norton 152). Inequality between nations has also risen within the past few decades. This development has been associated with a number of challenges. Thesis statement: The principle of universal equality asserting that every individual in the society matters morally is enough evidence that wealth inequality is unethical since it results in the disproportional allocation of resources. Arguments: Inequality is Unethical Piff et al. indicate clearly that inequalities in people’s living standards have increased significantly within the past six decades (4090). This means that the gap between the rich and poor continues to expand. The inequalities in lifestyles can be attributed to the changes in incomes. Individuals who lack the necessary support and opportunities in their respective countries will find it hard to pursue their goals. On the other hand, the rich find it easier to realize their potential and eventually transform their lives. This kind of disparity has led to more questions than answers. The biggest question, therefore, is why wealth inequality should be treated as an unethical social issue. The first argument is that economic inequality gives rich or wealthier individuals in the society dominion over the lives of the others in the society. The average American citizen clearly understands that the country is characterized by two distinct groups. The first include the rich who control over half of the country’s wealth. This first group is comprised of less than one thousand individuals. On the other hand, the second group is compr
Taylor Law The law gives all public employees the freedom to form and organize labor units and unions. The employers are obligated to bargain with these units on conditions of employment. Members of the units have the right to vote to be members of the national or state unions. An employee has the right to remain a non-member of any union, but the union must represent all employees, including the non-members. However, section 210 of the Act prohibits unions and their members from participating in strikes (United Federation of Teachers, 2005). Moreover, it does not provide a period limit for negotiations, but employees must remain in their respective working positions during negotiations. An employee who is involved in acts of strike is supposed to face fines such as additional pay for each day of strike (Chung, Duncombe, Melamed & Yinger, 2008). In addition, union leaders are subjected to fines and/or and full-time imprisonment. The Triborough Amendment Passed in 1972, the Triborough Amendment seeks to correct some loopholes in the Taylor Law. It requires that all contractual benefits for employees (union members) to be maintained, including the automatic increases in their payments after the bargaining period has expired (Grome, 2011). It also requires certain public workers such as teachers to gain annual pay hikes, but the state’s economic situation must be considered (Rockeville Center Teachers’ Association, 2010). Comparison with other state labor laws In Texas, the Public Officers and Employees Act is comparable with the Taylor and Triborough provisions in New York. First, like the state of New York, section 617.003 of the Texan law prohibits public employees from striking. It also prohibits workers from striking. In California, the Winton Act of 1965 separated relations for public employees from some employees such as teachers. It allowed employees to meet and confer, but with no written agreements. It recognized employee councils but not bargaining representatives. It further prevented employees from striking. In addition, the Meyers-Milias-Brown Law of 1968 provides employees with collective rights to bargain (Koski, & Horng, 2007). It includes police officers, fire fighters and media personnel employed by the cities, districts and counties (Kemerer & Peter, 2009). Unlike New York, the Californian laws are lenient when dealing with strikes because they impose fines rather than jail terms. In Illinois, the Educational Labor Relations Act permits public employees in the education sector to bargain for issues related to wages and work conditions. However, it prohibits employees from involvement in strikes. In addition, the Illinois Labor Relations Act prohibits several types of employees such as managers, supervisors and the police from bargaining. Specifically, this is specified in the Education Labor Act of Illinois
Introduction Humans are used to live and communicate with others creating social organizations and social groups. A human being is asocial creature needed interaction and communication with people like “me”. The statement and position of John Donne is correct because it reflects principles of social organization and control. The human being must engage others, develop relationships, accrue goodwill, and establish a system of support network resources. In time of need, the individual must actively engage these social resources, seeking help and managing supportive exchanges. This process may require considerable social skill, skill that develops and gains sophistication slowly and with experience. The transactional nature of support processes represents another thread of continuity in social support over the life course (Neimeyer & Neimeyer 2002). The development, maintenance, and engagement of support resources is an active process from the first to the last year of life. This is not to say that the person can always manage support resources effectively and with ease, but rather that the behavior of the focal person matters. Indeed, the skills required in dealing with support resources very likely show developmental continuity. Discussion “No man is an island” because throughout the individual’s life, a person engages in an active appraisal of the social world, of relationships with support network members and of the supportive behavior in which they have engaged. The young personalities may be less articulate about this than is the college-educated adult, but the process whereby special attention or its absence, treats or broken promises, come to be appraised in terms of one person’s feelings for another begins very early (Myers, 2002). The assessment of social standing becomes a veritable obsession during adolescence. Adolescents may be more tolerant, encompass a broader range of data, develop more elaborate appraisals, and be less volatile informing them, but the basic process shows considerable continuity. In short, although the details change, throughout his or her life the individual is engaged in appraising support resources and supportive behavior and in forming beliefs regarding the degree to which he or she is loved and cared for, respected and esteemed, and involved in a network of mutual obligation. The major functions are to provide supplementary assistance to the focal person in dealing with demands and achieving goals, to sustain feelings of being cared for and valued, and to sustain a sense of social identity and social location. “Conversely, lack or loss of interpersonal relationships leads to negative emotional experiences such as anxiety, depression, distress, loneliness, and feelings of isolation? (Carvallo and Gabriel 2006, p. 698). Many research studies suggest that gender is irrelevant both to levels of support and to its effects on well-being. But quite a few studies find women advantaged when we focus on particular modes and/or sources of support, specifically, emotional support and friends (Kelly
Many biological studies that attempt to expand our understanding of personality trace their origin to the structure and aetiology of the “nature” versus “nurture” debate. Francis Galton, a 13 th Century Frenchman, first coined the words “nature” and “nurture” in 1874 to argue his case about the domineering influence of both genetics and environmental factors on personality (McDevitt et al., 2010). While pre-existing paradigms have for a long time focused entirely on environmental or learned aetiology of personality, evidence from biological studies demonstrates that genetic characteristics indeed have a considerable role to play in the formation of personality (Ferguson, 2010). It is against this background that the present paper will aim to describe the influence of biological studies on our understanding of personality. In his study on ‘genetic contribution of antisocial behaviour’, Ferguson (2010) postulates that the decisive cause of behaviour may more likely be the evolutionary process, which inarguably initiates some genes to be preferred due to particular environmental demands, or which initiates the capacity to learn behaviour to become an adaptive characteristic. This implies that an individual who is abused as a child may end up developing aggressive behaviour in adulthood due to either the environment in which he was raised or genetic factors or a combination of the two. In consequence, this study demonstrates that some specific genes or environmental influences that shape behaviour may be deemed proximal or immediate causes of observed behaviour (Ferguson, 2010). Other biological studies have revealed some genes innate to an individual direct them to engage in antisocial behaviour. Such behaviour, according to McDevitt et al (2010), may include antisocial personality disorder (APD), aggression, inhibition, psychopathy, anger, aggression, violence, lying and stealing, among others. In one particular study cited by Ferguson (2010) on minors with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it was found that “…children with the valine/methionine variant in the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene showed greater antisocial behaviour than those without this variant” (p. 161). The study concluded that the COMT gene variant may have adversely affected the healthy development of the prefrontal cortex, thus lessening the children’s control over violent desires. Studies have also linked the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTT) and the MAOA gene to aggressive impulses. These and other studies positively reveal that our genetic makeup has the capacity to influence personality. It should, however, be noted that specific genes do not individually influence personality; rather, they likely corroborate with each oth
The Difference between Global and Domestic Leaders As compared with domestic leadership, global one involves additional skills and knowledge. Domestic leaders have to be competent only in the field they work in while global leaders are expected to know business and political situation worldwide. Global leaders also have to work with people from different cultures and adapt to those cultures, understanding their trends, tastes, traditions. Global Leadership Challenges and Ways to Overcome Them The Challenge to Know Everything As Smith and Victorson (2012, p. 51) state, global leaders have to ‘think global and act local’. So, the first substantial challenge in today’s global environment is the need to know a lot. Even if the company a leader works for is based in America, he or she needs to know how business is done in different parts of Europe or Australia. That is extremely hard, however, if leaders cope with this, they become powerful and valued, and the challenge turns into numerous opportunities. To achieve this, leaders should travel a lot to compare business, cultural and political situations in different countries. Besides, they also should follow the news, spend a lot of time on learning and self-development, and communicate with people from different countries. The Cultural Challenge I would say that a global leader is a domestic one but multiplied by hundreds of different cultures. Therefore, another important challenge is cultural. It usually brings many additional problems, such as ethnocentrism or prejudice, which inevitably interfere with regular work and communication (Northous 2013). Even when leaders can step back from their own culture and do not feel any ethnocentrism or prejudice, most frequently, they still have to deal with those feelings in their followers. It is hard to build a team free from cultural antipathies but if it turns out well, the team becomes close-knit and unbeatable. To achieve this, leaders can arrange the team building to train needed interpersonal skills in team members and teach them to understand each other regardless of the diversity of nationalities. Barriers of Global Leadership In Five Barriers to Global Leadership (2011), Kevan Hall talks about the major barriers that global leaders face. First of all, it is the distance. When face-to-face communication is impossible, people’s relations and trust can worsen. Another significant barrier is different times zones, which can make the communication even more complicated. Besides, the organizational complexity also plays its role. Because of complex structures, fast dynamics, and multiple tasks, it is not always easy for a leader to understand which problem is global, and which one is local. Finally, the main barrier is the cultural diversity. The Strategies Organizations Can Use to Maximize the Impact of Their Leaders Firstly, when hiring people for leading positions, organizations should consider their emotional intelligence and as well as the cultural one, which ‘picks up where emotional intell
Introduction “A Son of the Forest” by William Apess is the first-ever published autobiography written by a Native American. The writing became a central piece in the book On Our Own Ground in which Barry O’Connell compiled and edited all works by Apess. “A Son of the Forest” and other writings included in the book are remarkable in many regards. They tell a story of the early life of a member of the Pequot tribe, William Apess himself, and allow readers to understand the struggles that Native Americans live through in the society that marginalizes ethnic minority groups. Besides, Apess literary pieces provide a critical evaluation of the dominant culture and expose its controversies. While the American culture implies that all individuals are equal and have the same rights, Native Americans and other minority groups have been constantly discriminated against and misrepresented in the public. The description of Apess’ identity formation perfectly demonstrates how Native Americans are affected by the ideas about race conveyed through the dominant culture and it will be discussed in the present paper. Main body During his childhood, William Apess lived in a family of European American people, the Furmans, and, therefore, he was substantially exposed to the majority culture values. The reason why he was adopted by the family is the incident of child abuse that Apess experienced when his grandmother got drunk and beat him. Apess wrote about his grandparents: … like all others who are wedded to the beastly vice of intemperance, they would drink to excess whenever they could procure rum, and … they would not only quarrel and fight with each other but would at times turn upon their unoffending grandchildren and beat them in the cruelest manner (p. 5). As noted by Tiro, alcohol-related violence, which was very common in Native American reservations, made Apess alienated from both his family and the tribe (p. 656). Besides, the memory of the experience made Apess believe in all the stereotypes about Indians as savages and cruel people that were integrated into the dominant culture (Tiro, p. 657). However, although he felt loved initially by the Furmans, Apess later realized that, like other whites, they defined him by his race since Mr. Furman removed him from the family one day (Tiro, p. 657). Thus, the boy became both detached from the tribal culture and rejected by the European American culture and had to reinvent his identity. The incident with alcohol abuse and domestic violence may verify the negativ
This case study examines the arrangement of children who have a physical impairment and require improved socialization skills. Seven-year-old Cheri has been studying in first grade since she missed one year due to bone disease. The girls’ bones are fragile, and any even minor hit and push can damage them and cause a fracture (Evertson & Poole, 2002). For this reason, she was seated at the teacher’s desk to protect her from possible injuries. However, Cheri, in such a place, cannot communicate with her classmates and improve her social skills. At the same time, interacting with peers helps her study better (Evertson & Poole, 2002). Therefore, the teacher needs to change the location of Cheri to the one where she can communicate with other children, but at the same time, remain protected. The case study offers three places from which a teacher needs to determine the most suitable. The most appropriate place for Cherry is the corner seat at the table near the door as it provides easy access to the workplace, but the girl is among the children. In the picture, this seat is marked with the letter “C” (Evertson & Poole, 2002). Places “A” and “B” are too far from the front door, Cheri will have to pass two or three tables to get to them. At the same time, Cheri does not need to pass unnecessary obstacles to get to the first table in the classroom. In addition, the teacher’s desk is also in a straight line from Cheri’s place, but far enough to prevent crowding near the girl, so Cheri and the teacher have free space for movement. The trash bin is also far from Cheri, but within easy reach, so the girl herself can access it and will not run into children. The seat “C” is also suitable for Cheri because she sits facing her classmate. This position is convenient for communication, as well as for listening to a teacher who is not far from the girl. Therefore, Cheri will be able to improve not only her communication skills but also her academic performance. The teacher can also take an additional measure for Cheri’s safety by warning children about the girl’s syndrome to avoid accidental injuries of her by classmates. Thus, the place at the table near the front door is the safest and most convenient for Cheri and contributes to the development of her communication skills.