ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Business environment is dynamic and affected by market forces; in 1985, Michael Porter, developed a five stage mechanism that could be used to evaluate the industrial position of a company. The forces operate regardless of the industry or the country of operation (Michael, 1997). Technological development has resulted to a number of businesses, one of them being the film industry. A number of players have entered in the industry to tap the growing markets. This paper undertakes an industrial analysis of the movie industry; it will adopt porter’s five forces of industrial analysis. Supplier’s power The industry has many suppliers some who have strong brand/stage name while others are upcoming artists. The kind of movie that a certain company chooses determines the suppliers to have, thus suppliers influences on the market share that a company is likely to enjoy. The industry is dynamic and the products demanded by the consumers at one point differ greatly; for successful rental business, managers of such entities need to know their target market and the kind of tastes they have at a particular time, and then aim at providing such movies. The high number of suppliers favours the industry (Michael, 1997). Buyer’s power The movie rental industry is one of the industries that is affected by the tastes that buyers have; the buyers taste need to be respected, it shapes the stock genre, to be stocked by a certain company. With the growing technology, there are new products in the market, thus for a successful business then a company need to be updated with current market trends. The unpredictable buyer’s tastes are unfavourable in the industry. Barriers to entry Companies in an industry place certain barriers to entry in the market. These barriers include economies of scales, low production cost and input access strategy. In the movie rental industry, there are minimal barriers to entry, the industry require relatively low capital and have a wide range of clients that a company can tap. One of the most outstanding barriers to entry is the understanding of the market companies in the industry need to understand consumer trend and treat them as so. Low entry barriers favours new entrants to the disadvantage of old players (Hooley & Saunders, 1993). Threats of substitutes The industry is highly competitive with different genres that a customer can choose from; other than the genre, there are other ways of accessing a movie like going to theatre and cinema halls instead of renting. In modern movie industry, producers are developing a movie and a book to relate to the movie thus a customer has a choice of either. The existence of substitutes is not favourable to the industry (Paley,1999). Rivalry National and international movie rental business is highly competitive. To maintain competitive in such an industry, companies require offering consumer oriented services. It should be offer reliable services and aims at developing customer royalty towards its products. Rivalry is not f
Introduction Cults belong to the phenomena that fill people in equal parts with curiosity and caution due to the closeness of the subject matter and the large number of myths that surround it. A cult can be defined as excessive veneration of a specific object or a person, as well as the associated religious practices (Mill 99). It is often believed that the members of a cult have little to no agency of their own and are, therefore, in complete command of the religious organization of which they are participants (Mill 101). While the identified statement has a grain of truth in it, the variety that cults represent is quite impressive and, in fact, not always imply taking complete control over the participants. Even though the Worldwide Church of God (WCG), Christian Science, and Hare Krishna is based on different beliefs and philosophies, the consistent focus on promoting specific values and ideas as the foundation for interactions between the community members, their decision-making, etc., is what brings the three churches together. Worldwide Church of God The Worldwide Church of God (WCG) may have changed its name, yet the foundational principles according to which it operates remain the same. Known nowadays as the Grace Communion International (GCI), the organization positions itself as a Christian denomination that reinforces the concept of minimalism (Gauvin 17). The organization was founded by Herbert Armstrong in the 1970s and was initially started as the religious organization that performed its services on air. When considering the characteristics of Armstrong’s teachings that set WCG apart from the traditional Christian denominations, one must mention the fact that Armstrong claimed the advent of Christ to occur in 1972 (Hinsley 221). As expected, the failure of the prophecy that was witnessed in 1972 led to a massive drop in the popularity of the cult, yet the following rearrangement of the church and the reprioritizing of the organization’s goals created the foundation for the further functioning of WCG. Now known as GCI, the organization has been exploring the opportunities for reviewing the existing theological doctrines (Hinsley 221). For instance, the concept of gender equality in the form of permitting women to become pastors and carry out the related responsibilities deserves to be mentioned among the distinctive features that the organization has today. The innovative way of viewing women’s roles in contemporary society can be considered one of the factors that help GCI remain in the spotlight of the public’s attention (Hinsley 221-222). Christian Science Christian Science (CS) is slightly older than WCG since it was started in the 19 th century; however, it shares certain characteristics with WCG as another specimen of a cult. Despite its name, CS has practically nothing to do with the scientific method; instead, it promotes the idea of studying the Bible as the source of general information for peaceful relationships among people. In othe
Sociology considers social strata built according to the criteria of race, age, education, and, above all, socioeconomic status. It is precisely the strata by the socioeconomic situation that are most entrenched in modern sociology. Although, in my opinion, studies on the topic of social strata by race and medical care are the most exciting and responsive to the demands of society. Sociology shows the possible causes of the emergence of social phenomena, including inequality. Due to the correlation of certain events or properties that sociologists record in their studies, people can see these reasons. These correlations form the basis for creating charts reflecting statistical and demographic studies. Based on the results obtained, it becomes possible at one time to make sociological forecasts, including those related to public health. Having complete information about public health and inequality in this area, it is possible in the future to build a unique way of life, taking into account education and prospective job. For example, sociologists find a correlation between the level of education received at a young age and possible illnesses in maturity and old age. I would also note the specifics of education itself in correlation with the characteristics of diseases. People who are educated in programming or cybersecurity will not have the same health problems as those educated in music. Even if these people at the age of 20, during their studies, show the same health indicators and (and) have similar complaints, the gap will be noticeable in the future. At the age of 20, the probability of the same hands, specifically for the specialists in question, is negligible since the musical education received by a teenager at school quickly deforms the body. People can draw similar parallels with specialties such as archeology and accounting, industrial chemistry, and psychology. In their research, Adler and Ostrove (1999) confirm this: “We find effects of education acquired through young adulthood on health problems that emerge many years later, suggesting that educational attainment is determining later health” (p. 8). By choosing one or a specialty, a person decides what role he will play in society, what means he will have at his disposal, and what diseases he will be more susceptible to. Sociological research also identifies which, for example, forms of cancer are more typical for low socioeconomic strata. Adler and Ostove (1999) describe it this way: “Research in Canada reveals that the association of SES with survival is strongest for cancers of the head and neck region, uterus and cervix, and bladder. These are cancers in which local symptoms often antedate development of metastatic disease and allow early treatment” (p. 9). People with low social status are less likely to see a doctor, self-medicate more often, and seek advice from thei
Unique qualities and importance of interviews Unlike the other forms of two-person communication, an interview possesses five distinctive qualities as described below: Unbalanced When compared to two-person communication, an interview involves an unbalanced time consumed while the conversation between the interviewer and the interviewee takes place. The two-person communication may entail the sharing of the available time equally. However, during interviews, the interviewees take 70 percent, whereas the interviewers use 30 percent of the available time. Even though the mode of interview dictates the time spent by every party involved, the interviewees usually take much time speaking than the interviewers. Controlled The interviewers are normally liable for the guidance of the interviews in the planned direction to realize the objectives. This implies that unlike in the two-person communication, the interviewers control the interviews. During the interviews, the quantity of control applied relies on the objective to be achieved via establishing an environment for communication and asking questions. Structured The two-person communication is hardly structured, as is the case with interviews. Interviews entail having visible progressions, proper preparations, and prior scheduling. Different from two-person communication, interviews have patiently explained objectives that necessitate certain actions. Question and answer The two-person communication does not have the question to answer quality, which is the nature of an interview. Most interviews have two, one, or many people who ask questions while the other individuals provide answers. Thus, interviews go an additional mile to help the involved individuals understand each other better, which is not the case with two-person communication. That is, the two-person communication hardly designates an individual the role of seeking answers from the respondent. Goal drove When compared to the two-person communication, interviews appear to be objective-driven. The two-person communication tends to realize certain things above the effortless trade of signs. However, such accomplishments appear not to be planned and focused. An interview has well-articulated goals that must be realized. From the above assertions, it is clear that learning about interviews in this course is important as it helps the interviewee and the interviewer to understand what is required of them before, during, and after the interview sessions. For the interviewee, learning about interviews will help one to be well prepared for any kind of interview by learning how to respond to different questions being asked, develop an appropriate mood for the interview, and ask relevant questions to the interviewers. Difference bet
This essay about travelling abroad explores all the advantages and disadvantages of this activity. Introduction Traveling refers to movement from one geographical location to another either for recreation or work. Majority of the people who love traveling do it when they are young because of the availability of adequate time and lack of pressing responsibilities such as work and family (Hasbrouck, 2011). Traveling is an important past time activity that is fun and that exposes people to other countries, cultures, and societies. Travelers learn a lot because traveling necessitates changes in lifestyle and ways of communication. Moreover, travelers learn new languages, interact with people from other races and ethnicities, and explore new geographical locations (Mitchell, 2006). Individuals who travel regularly possess adventurous spirits that yearn for new experiences to learn new things. Despite having numerous benefits, traveling has disadvantages too. It is costly, exposes individuals to the risk of contracting diseases, and causes excessive fatigue. Advantages of Traveling Traveling offers people an opportunity to visit interesting places, learn new things, and meet new people ( 5 Benefits of Travelling , 2013). It is one of the best ways to interact with people from other races, cultures, and ethnicities. Travelers explore the various beliefs and traditions that guide other people’s lives and learn how interconnected humanity is (Mitchell, 2006). For example, there are very many cultures in the world that have preserved their traditional beliefs, customs, and practices. Visiting countries such as Kenya, Mexico, China, and India is an occasion to experience such unique cultures. On the other hand, meeting new people who speak different languages and who live differently is exciting and educational. Travelers also visit interesting places that have great cultural and historical value ( 5 Benefits of Travelling , 2013). For example, the Eiffel Tower in France, the Machu Picchu in Peru, and the Pyramids in Egypt possess great historical and cultural value. Learning about their histories can help travelers to comprehend the cultures, traditions, and customs of different tribes and societies, as well as their dynamics. Another advantage of traveling is the chance to learn, relax, and widen one’s scope of knowledge (Mitchell, 2006). In certain cases, one of the requirements of traveling abroad is learning the language that is used in the country that one intends to visit. English is an international language. However, it is not spoken in all countries. Therefore, it would be necessary to learn new languages in order to enhance ef
In 1945, after the end of World War II, many Asian nations and their economies had been brought down to crumbling levels. The GDP level in Japan, which had been quite high for sometimes, was reduced to a mere one third (Iriye 214). There was less to eat coupled with inadequate places of residence. Life had become unbearable and riots broke out amongst the survivors. It prompted the government to react by instituting a production system that would pave way out of the crisis. This marked the beginning of the recovery process that aimed at reconstructing Japan. However, it was not until 1955 that the GDP levels in Japan were restored to the normal (Dower & George 461). It is also important to note that Japan’s economic policy and her military were under the control of the United States from 1945 until 1952. United States had been an opponent of Japan during the World War II (Iriye 214). In order for Japan to survive and regain control of its policies, it made it a priority to begin economic democratization and working together with occupation authorities, they encouraged workers to unionize, did away with the Zaibatsu, which owned up to 40% of Japanese companies stock, and introduced land reforms. The place of Zaibatsu was taken over by Kairetsu which was made up of a group of affiliated companies. In addition, banks were mandated to fund the companies rather than individuals who were rich. In 1940, Japan began a system that was going to transform its policies. In the late 1940’s, Cold War begun (Iriye 214). The occupation authorities in Japan took advantage of this international situation to make a change in its policies. This chance was referred to as reverse course. In 1950, a huge demand for Japanese goods was experienced (Iriye 214). This was due to the need for military supplies by the Americans during the Korean War (1950). Economic recovery in Japan began soaring high in1950 to 1952 growing by 12% each year and reached its climax when it regained its sovereignty after US occupation of their land ended in 1952. In its quest to fully recover, Japan signed the Treaty of Peace (1951) in San Francisco to end war with the Allied powers except China and USSR. It also signed the Mutual Security Assistance Pact with the United States making her an ally of the US. In the early postwar period, Japan had sought to improve its foreign policies with an aim of regaining economic viability (Dower & George 462). Therefore, to prove to the world community its credibility, it subjected to the umbrella protection of the US thereby protecting itself from external and internal threat, military or otherwise from the region. This strategy ensured Japan of security against its Asian neighbors’ resentments and suspicions. Under the shield of the United States, Japan used its omnidirectional diplomacy to concentrate on achieving economic growth and shed off politics. Using the policy of separation of politics a
Introduction This essay addresses several important issues concerning career possibilities for computer engineers. It describes the levels of programming skills needed for different job concentrations and is required by employing agencies, additional skills of non-programming origin needed in these areas, describing of past work experience and its relevance to the chosen job concentration and finally the level computer programming experiences and other knowledge. Software engineering The programming skills in this job concentration should involve programming fundamentals of computer science. Basic skills should include problem analysis and modeling, software design, validation and verification, software process, software quality and management, and the ability to work in a software construction team. Besides software programming skills software engineering goes far beyond programming and includes such knowledge as an ability to meet customers’ requirements, testing, and designing software. The candidates for software engineering programs are to assess customers’ need and develop software which meets these needs. Moreover, frequently a solid knowledge of technical peculiarities of ‘a real world’ conditions of work is required in this job concentration. Computer science education with the level of the master is the first precondition for employing in this job concentration. Past work and experience in building high-speed, reliable, and large-scale communication, trading, banking, and other activities are usually needed and should be systematic. Moreover, a commitment to quality and sound engineering should be evidenced by real past experience and activities patterns and a high level of motivation is required. The experience level needed for this job concentration differs considerably depending on the job position. But generally professional knowledge and experience in such programming languages as Lisp, C++, Python, and Java are needed. Often an experience in implementing large-scale software systems is required for important job positions as well as in Internet languages and software programming XSLT, Web services, databases (Oracle), etc. For networking software engineering it is necessary that job applicants be proficient in developing various compilers, networking software, and application servers, and operating systems for working with networks. An experience in reading, comprehending, and implementing complex specific domain documents and design materials is often required as a condition for successful application. Besides these requirements candidates are to take full responsibility for implemented software finishe
Introduction Apart from, toughness, vision, determination and intelligence, Goleman identified another qualities associated with leadership. Social skill, empathy, self regulation, motivation and self awareness are the qualities to consider in determining high degree of emotional intelligence (Harvard business review on what makes a leader, 2001). Many businesses have failed because of poor leadership determined by the level of intelligence and skills the reason why Goleman insists that leadership is more than art and science. It is therefore the high degree of emotional intelligence that makes a leader effective. Emotional intelligence is the sine qua none of leadership,- meaning, one can gain better training from all aspects but that will not make them effective leaders. In relation to performance, emotional intelligence can still be identified in paces of work. Golman explores all the components such as empathy, social skill, self regulation, empathy, self awareness and emotional intelligence (Evans, Lindsay and Evans, 2008). Evaluating emotional intelligence In order to evaluate emotional intelligence, most companies employ well trained psychologist who develop competency models that assist in training and identifying the leaders to promote. The same happens to the lower level staff. In his quest to determine the personalities that drive performances in organizations, Goleman analyzed 188 models used by large and global companies. Goleman combined technical abilities including forecasting and accounting into one. Cognitive attributes together with competencies which indicated emotional intelligence were also categorized separately. The competency model used by companies focuses on the competency of leaders and division’s profit. This information is inquired from the manager after which the individuals’ are tested and their capabilities are compared. Golman’s findings indicate that, in comparing the ratio of emotional intelligence, IQ and technical skills, he found out that emotional intelligence is more important for performances at all levels (Robbins, 2009). Self-awareness As a component of emotional awareness, self-awareness involves understanding people’s drives, needs, weakness, emotions and strength. It also helps one realize the effect of his feeling to the people, their job performance and to oneself. People with high self awareness can work under tight schedule and still do a good job. T