ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human resources management has undergone some drastic changes in terms of team communication and cooperation. A few years ago, face-to-face interaction in a team was regarded as the most effective and productive way. Nowadays, however, with the ongoing development of globalization, virtual teams have become a widespread means of communication worldwide. The progress in technology development has also led to a greater possibility of virtual team management. The purpose of this paper is to define the critical points of the general shift to the virtual team management as well as to find out its impact on the workplace. The latest achievements in the sphere of technology give managers a lot of opportunities on how to manage various types of project teams. Previously, finding team members, who are at least co-located geographically, was of crucial importance. Today, it is the quality and flexibility that outweigh other factors. Most teams dedicated to a project are nowadays distributed across the globe, and the views on such type of cooperation differ significantly. While some claim this approach to be beneficial because of its flexibility, others think that the spirit of collaborative work is completely lost due to the absence of face-to-face communication between team members. The supporters of the latter opinion are also afraid that geographical distribution has a negative impact on the workplace and quality in general. Like every system of cooperation inside the project, virtual teams have their benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, such groups are very flexible because they have to establish an agile framework due to the constant risk and lack of stability. The other positive aspect of virtual teams is the high probability of finding the right vendor because, quite often, professionals that are located nearby are already involved in a lot of projects. On the other hand, however, the negative aspects of virtual teams are as evident as the positive ones. First of all, creating a team distributed geographically is a considerable responsibility for a manager. Managers in these situations serve as binders between all the members, so they have to establish both formal and informal channels of communication properly. Secondly, the general atmosphere in a team should be equally appropriate for everyone, regardless of cultures or time zones. As it was mentioned above, the central part of responsibility regarding communication in a virtual team depends on the project manager or any team leader. First of all, to train employees on how to adapt to new software or communication channel, the manager should get expertise in it as well. Secondly, leaders have to realize that the virtual teams differ significantly from the co-located ones, and hence, the follow-up of the workers should be explicit and frequent. The beginning of the project is crucial for the general workflow because team members can naturally have a lot of questions concerning team and work structure, and a manager cannot leave them unansw
Benchmarking revolves around comparing ones company, business or firms performance/processes in relation to expected industry standards and expectations (Dlugacz, 2006, p. 13). As a matter of fact, it looks at other good practices from different industries. Benchmarking has evolved in recent years to become a common practice for various businesses in the current competitive world. It should be known that benchmarking is a very complex aspect that needs a good approach for sustainability. This means that there are various dimensions that are looked at to make benchmarking authentic. In this case, it is good to measure cost, time and quality (Boxwell, 1994, p. 17). Because benchmarking has been evolving in recent years, the management is supposed to ensure that they have identified the best performing companies in that particular sector or industry. Because there are various advancements in the healthcare sector, healthcare organizations are supposed to benchmark for sustainability. This is because the healthcare sector records various developments and advancements that are supposed to be shared by all stakeholders (Dlugacz, 2006, p. 25). Benchmarking has a lot of value to various organizations because it will enable them to identify processes that they share with their competitors. In this case, such organizations will be in a good position to lean how other companies perform and come up with better ways to enhance their operations. As a matter of fact, benchmarking is done using a specific and agreeable indicator. The value of benchmarking can mostly be seen in vision and mission statements of various companies (Boxwell, 1994, p. 29). In addition, organizations can be able to understand various customer needs and expectations that are supposed to be satisfied. In a broad perspective, benchmarking has popularized the idea of SWOT analysis as time goes by. Quality measurement is a very important aspect that covers various healthcare organizations (Ransom et al, 2008, p. 11). This is because they deal with distinct and diverse people with different needs. In this case, healthcare organizations are supposed to release their quality measurement data to the public as time goes by. This is based on the expected industry practices and ethics that are supposed to be adhered to. Therefore, it should be known that there are various benefits and risks that organizations may face while releasing such data to the general public. The benefits of releasing data to the public outweigh the costs that are involved in such activities. In this case, the public will be able to scrutinize the o
Introduction Microbiology is a study of minute organisms that can only be resolved using a microscope. These microorganisms cannot be seen using our naked eyes. Cell function has been studied extensively in microbiology. In addition, there have been studies at the level of genes and proteins known as molecular biology and at the level of community which is referred to as epidemiological and ecological microbiology. Examples of microbial organisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites or protozoa. History of Microbiology The study of microbes is not a current study. It also existed several centuries ago. The advancements being seen at present are just innovations of the discoveries made by a few scientists in the past. Louis Pasteur, a former research scientist discovered the microorganisms responsible for rancidity in milk and even other dairy products (Brul et al., 2008). In addition, he made discoveries in the health sector by studying drugs that are against bacteria. These drugs were named called antibiotics. Pasteur’s discoveries were research highlights that were mainly meant to disapprove the spontaneous generation theory. Another scientist who made a lot of discoveries was Koch. He was specialized in the field of disease causatives. He made some discoveries on novel microorganisms that caused diseases in organisms hence the disease and germ theory (Klein, 2002). Also, Koch contributed much to the culture of microorganisms which became a mode of study for most discoveries in microbiology. Microbiology and Health A great contribution has been made in the health field through studies in microbiology. Major research work is being done on the treatment of flu and Tuberculosis (Tang, 2009). A perfect cure for these diseases has not been found yet. Therefore, research microbiologists, lab technologists, and clinicians are doing collective research work in the field for continuity of research studies to come up with curatives for treatment and vaccines that would help prevent the spread of such infectious diseases (Land, 1999). Another contribution of microbiology is in the area of sample analysis for disease diagnosis, infections, outbreaks, and management. Microbiology and Agriculture Agriculture and microbiology are two inseparable disciplines. For the agricultural sector to flourish, soil issues and plant issues must be addressed. Microbiology provides an avenue to cater to these issues. Studies in agriculture involve soil studies for the presence of microbes that are important for plants and those that pose threat to the plants and crops (Insam, 2001). In addition, some studies involve pests and the diseases they cause in plants. Studies involving diseases and pest control have resulted in growth in the agricultural sector. Moreover, these pests have been found to infest crops and even farm animals hence leading to reduced production. Major studies in this field have greatly contributed to agricultural development. Microbiology and Industry Industrial microbiology has had a great impact on the safety and control of manufactured products (Wackett, 2
Schumpeter (1934, p. 160) was among the first economists to study the broad subject of innovation. He went ahead to make a clear distinction between innovation and invention, where he defined invention as the discovery of a new idea or a previously unknown fact. Innovation, according to him, is the ability to successfully apply a new idea or previously known fact into practice (Schumpeter 1934, p.162). Therefore, innovation may be defined as “a change in the thought process for doing something, or the useful application of new inventions or discoveries” (McKeown 2008, p. 74). Drucker (2007) elucidates that innovation is a vital tool of all entrepreneurs. This is because innovation acts as a means by which entrepreneurs exploit changes in the market, which provides the opportunity for different businesses or different services. Drucker (2007, p. 56) postulated that entrepreneurship and innovation were the main activities that lead to the creation of wealth. According to him, innovation is a resource and entrepreneurship is a catalyst through which the much-needed change in the society can be achieved. Drucker (2007, p. 229) asserts that innovation is indispensable for all growing and evolving businesses that invest in any type of capital such as machinery, plant, human resource, equipment, and processes or brands. He emphasizes that creative destruction was the key to achieving a competitive advantage in business through transformation of ideas and dreams into creation and development of new goods. This is achieved by the introduction of new consumer goods and application of new production methods. According to Drucker an entrepreneur will always be on the look for changes, act on them, and utilize them as an opportunity (2007, p.121). According to Freeman (1981), the national system of innovation is defined as, “The network of institutions in the public- and private-sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies” (Freeman 1987, p.42). Novelty and technology advancement are due to a set of associations among actors in the organization that include national research institutions, universities, and ventures. A better indulgent of the government innovation organizations by legislators can aid in pointing out proficiencies therefore upholding groundbreaking execution and competitiveness. This can also aide in highlighting shortcomings within the system, both in institutions and in relation to government policies, which can obstruct innovation and technological development. Schumpeter (1934, p.84) agrees with the argument of many development scholars that a successful industrial and
Protocols such as SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol) are used for LAN management. These protocols have a common goal of facilitating control and diagnostic tasks when operating on a LAN. Although CMIP has more features than SNMP, the latter is much more popular commercially. It has become widespread due to its flexibility and extensibility. Zurawski (2018) notes that SNMP allows describing of objects to a wide variety of devices. Its design is simple and easy to implement on an extensive network since it does not take much time to set up and does not put a lot of load on the web. Thus, firstly, the main difference between the protocols is that the SNMP protocol allows the building of both simple and complicated control systems. In turn, the CMIP protocol presupposes a specific, relatively complex control system. For CMIP to work, several support services, objects, and object databases need to be implemented. Secondly, SNMP and CMIP retrieve data, but they do it in different ways. SNMP is designed to retrieve information about specific devices, while CMIP is focused on retrieving datasets. When using SNMP, precise wording of the query about the subject of interest is necessary. In turn, CMIP can make a general request and then refine it, highlighting the information of interest. Thirdly, SNMP agent traps are sent to the manager without waiting for acknowledgment, leading to significant network problems going unnoticed by being lost. In turn, CMIP agent notifications are always transmitted using a reliable transport protocol and will be retransmitted in case of loss. Therefore, much of the work of network management consists of monitoring the operation of devices, tracking the performance of a computer network, diagnosing problems, and eliminating their causes. Reference Zurawski, R. (2018). The industrial information technology: Handbook . CRC Press.
The two Massachusetts Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies that I believe will have the most impact on my future professional nursing practice are patient-centered care and informatics and technology. While every provider focuses on patient care, I want to dedicate most of my time, efforts, and skills to ensure that patients receive the best attention. The competency will help in creating a holistic care approach for each patient and family. The care processes and plans must be sensitive to culture, age, and individual preferences, while adhering to safe, compassionate, and effective protocols (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education Nursing Initiative, 2016). Informatics and technology will continue to play a significant role in patient care, allowing nurses to access data and information in real time. Therefore, the informatics competency will ensure that I provide services that are up to date and relevant in every situation. It will help me to use advanced technology in research, analysis, and interpretation of data for optimal patient outcomes. One AACN BSN Essential that will be most important in improving quality in my future nursing practice is Essential VI on collaboration and communication. Patient-centered care requires the efforts of a cohesive medical team, necessitating a nurse to demonstrate interprofessional skills. I selected this essential because it is necessary for successful nursing practice and career. Collaborating and communicating with other professionals in the healthcare environment will help me to establish and maintain healthy work relationships (Thomas et al., 2017)). It will aid my understanding of other professions I interact with and enhance my contribution to multidisciplinary teams from a nursing perspective. The essential will ensure that I participate in teambuilding and become an active team member to advocate for positive patient outcomes.
“The March of the penguins” is a French documentary film directed by Luc Jacquet and narrated by Morgan Freeman, it’s about emperor penguins and the daunting challenges they face and overcome as they journey back to Antarctic to breed every year. As winter nears on in southern hemisphere, towards the end of March the emperor penguins come out their water playpens and start over one hundred kilometer journey to Antarctic for the mating season. The journey is a daunting one since they walk on shifting ice at a slow pace with no compass guide their way, but as narrated by free Morgan and seen in the film “The March of the penguins” they prepare themselves for the long journey by storing enough energy in form of body fat in the summer months because they don’t often stop to feed during their journey back to their breeding grounds. The makers of “The March of the penguins” leave no stone unturned as they film every detail of the journey and they deserve credit for enduring one of the most unforgiving climates on the planet to capture these details on film. The narration is superb and that is why a rating of nine stars out of ten will be fair for the movie. The mating of emperor penguins as seen and told in the “The March of the penguins” is an amazing story of life, survival, death and the strong expression of love amongst emperor penguins that comes out very well in the film. After trekking seventy miles to their breeding grounds due to their inability to fly, they reach their breeding grounds and converge at the distant desolate place where the females are faced with the difficult task of finding amongst thousands of male penguins their mates since the emperor penguins don’t change their mates for their entire life unless their mates die. One amazing fact portrayed very well in the film is the exchange of the egg from the female to male penguin few months after mating, which is a close and delicate task but the film captures these events so well and in detail. That’s why the film deserves the highest rating possible. Many eggs are broken during the transfer especially for the birds mating for the first time. After successful exchange of the eggs from the female to the male penguin, it is the job of the male emperor penguin to give warmth and take care of the egg until the female will return to feed the offspring. In the film the male penguins are captured standing
Domestic violence is a predisposing factor that places many youths at increased risk of controlling emotional problems, including, aggressive behavior, depression, anxiety, and decreased level of social competence. In their article, Domestic Violence Exposure in Colombian Adolescents: Pathways to Violent and Prosocial Behavior, Roberto Mejia, Wendy Kliewer, and Larry Williams address five major issues. These include, intimate partner violence and its effects in children behavioral and psychological problems, transmission of domestic violence between generations, domestic violence exposure in youths, the association between violent and antisocial behavior with domestic violence exposure, and the risk of intimate partner violence. The research questions address the issues that were not evident from the previous research findings. In this topic, the authors intend to discover the extent of association of drug abuse to domestic violence exposure, violent and prosocial behavior among adolescents. This research study is not entirely new; it is an extension, as the authors referred to a research by to Roberto, Wendy,
Introduction In modern society, people are facing serious problems that have impacted negatively on their lives. These problems are social, economic or political problems (Davis, 2004). These problems have led to the deteriorating development in many countries of the world. The situation is severe in third world countries. The problems have caused immense suffering to the people living in these counties and huge amounts of money are being used in addressing the problems. The outcome has been vicious circle of poverty amongst the several countries. Main problems; their prevalence and how they have affected the Society The societal problems encountered today may be either natural or artificial (Guba & Lincoln, 1909). The most serious ones include poverty, diseases (cancer, HIV Aids, diabetes, malaria), child abuse and molestation, drug abuse, corruption and racial discrimination, inequality, economic problems such as unemployment, rapid population growth and infant mortality among others. Despite the fact that some efforts have been made to reduce these problems the rate at which they are being wiped out is very low. A disease like malaria is a serious killer especially in the tropical areas that has claimed the lives of many people including young children. The other dangerous diseases include cancer, diabetes and HIV aids which are incurable. The prevalence of such diseases bring with them other problems, for instance many orphans who are left by their parents become dependency and are burden to the society. Problems like criminal injustices are very common in many countries and the most shocking thing is that they are perpetrated by the ones who should be against the virtue. There is no fair treatment and this has been strengthened by the increasing corruption. Discrimination is all over and people are being deprived of their rights. Discrimination leads to misallocation of resources and people perpetrate poverty among the disadvantaged groups in the societies (Guba & Lincoln, 1909). Poverty is another major social problem that is threatening the lives of many civilians. It is estimated that almost more than a half of the world’s population is living below the poverty line. Child abuse and molestation has been on the increase. There has been several reported cases of rape amongst the young children, a major violation of human rights that is affecting the welfare of both the victims and those who take care of them. Drugs are being abused everyday life. Many youths’ lives are at stake due to misuse of drugs. Drugs abuse bring with them both social and economic costs. The economic costs are incurred in
At the end of the 19 th century the American society was involved in the process of changing the social principles, breaking stereotypes, and creating new revolutionary visions of the peculiarities of the social development. Moreover, the individual self-perception and the notion of self-consciousness were also altered according to the tendencies. It is important to notice that the male and female visions of these processes differed greatly. It was the start for the discussion about the role of men and women in society from the positions influenced by new social realities. In her works, Charlotte Perkins Gilman accentuated the changes in women’ self-consciousness with paying attention to the discussion of the relationship between men and women (Gilman). She analyzed the relations between wives and husbands, the role of women in society, the notion of matriarchy. Her ideas were rather feministic for the society of that time and provoked the development of the discussion. The male position according to the problems of the relations between sexes and the role of women and men in society was presented in the works by Henry Adams. He concentrated on the fact that the role of women could not change because of the social traditions. Moreover, “an American Virgin would never dare command; an American Venus would never dare exist” (Adams 385). Therefore, these two authors developed their ideas on the issue of individual’s consciousness with basing on two opposite visions of the question which were affected by their genders. However, many other writers became also involved in this discussion as the symbol of the turning society. Henry James, “The Real Thing” Where is the border between the reality and realism of its representation? Is it possible to remain reality as it is while presenting its features in realistic works? This question can be considered as rather controversial for the analysis of the principles of American Realism of the 19 th century. In his short story “The Real Thing”, Henry James discusses the relationship between reality and artificiality as the way to contribute to realism in art. Romanticism focused on idealism, dreams and fantasy as the methods to interact with the reality or escape from it. Realism concentrated on the reality with paying attention to all its aspects. It seemed that Realism could reveal all the hidden sides of the reality. Nevertheless, Henry James presented his own vision of the relationship between the reality and realism. His opinion on truth was offered in his discussion of ‘the real thing’. James focused on the weaknesses of perceiving the reality only from one point and accentuating the necessity of truth and realism because realism and reality as truth have few similarities. In his story, Henry James accentuates the necessity of artificiality in order to provide the best representation of reality. This concept rejects the principles of Romanticism because if sentiments and dreams