ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The diagnosis This patient has presented with the autonomous nervous system dysfunction symptoms which occurred as intermittent episodes of abdominal pain, alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea with moderate gastritis for many years. He has also exhibited the cutaneous symptoms of photosensitivity which were persistent as a rash with occasional blistering. The initial differential diagnosis can be that he has either hereditary coproporphyria or porphyria variegata due to the mixed symptoms but with no history of developmental delays, we can fix the diagnosis as the hereditary coproporphyria (Mindner and Schneider, 2006, 335). The acute abdominal pain could be due to an intermediate product of porphyrin called 5-aminolevulinic acid. Heme deficiency in the nervous system sets off the clinical illness. Endogenous or exogenous factors stimulate an increase in the hepatic heme synthesis by the stimulation of ALA or the rate-limiting enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase. This increased heme and the block in the biosynthesis pathway together contribute to the enhanced levels of intermediates. This is an autosomal dominant type of disease (Marks, 2007). Family members thereby give a history of similar illness. The patient’s father and a paternal aunt had similar illnesses. The excess faecal secretion of coprophyrins favours the hereditary coproporphyria diagnosis. The urine porphobilinogen is slightly elevated here. The marked elevation that is usually seen with acute symptoms is not seen here due to the symptoms not being so acute. The urine coprophyrins are not elevated as the patient has not presented in an acute stage. The increase of the ALA level is also in favour of hereditary coproporphyria. Elevations of uroporphyrins I & III, coproporphyrins I&III and pre-coproporphyrin are not detected here, thereby ruling out porphyria due to mercury and arsenic poisoning. Defective enzymes Hereditary coproporphyria is characterized by a deficiency of coproporphyrinogen oxidase in the mitochondrion. The urine discolouration is due to oxidized porphyrinogens. Accumulations of porphyrins occur in the skin causing photosensitivity as the porphyrins are fluoresecent (Mindner and Schneider-Yin, 2006, p. 331). The pathophysiology of porphyrias is involved with the genetic deficiency of one of the last seven enzymes which form the heme biosynthetic pathway (Porphyrias, Merck). The heme precursors accumulate causing toxicity. The deficiency of the first enzyme in the eight for the pathway causes sideroblastic anaemia. δ-aminolevulinate (ALA) dehydratase or porphilinogen synthase is found in the cytosol and involved in the second step to produce porphilinogen which is a precursor to heme, chlorophyll and Vitamin B12. Lead poisoning disarms this enzyme. Its deficiency is rare. Being autosomal recesive, it produces hepatic porphyria with abdominal pain and neuropathy (Marks, 2007). Porphobilinogen deaminase (or hydroxymethylbilane synthase) in the third step converts porphilinogen into hydroxymethybilane. The genetic predisposition is autosomal dominant (Marks, 2007). Mutations in the gene, which encodes the enzyme catalyzes
Introduction Argentina entered a new period of development and economic growth which had a great impact on its labor relations and the factory system. Industrial entrepreneurs struggled to achieve a measure of labor discipline that would allow them to accomplish the intensification of production for which the early factories had been established. Traditional work patterns such as those of agricultural workers or cottage weavers vacillated between periods of intense effort and leisure. Achieving sustained work activity meant battling the industrial laborer’s prevailing subsistence mentality. In an effort to protect themselves from the harsh demands that early industrial labor imposed on their bodies, workers alternated between intense spurts of activity and rebellion against confinement and discipline 1 . A combination of
Brands have changed the normal flow of business and the process of branding has emphasized on building sustainable competitive advantage in both the short and the long run. In the similar manner it should be kept in mind that brand is all about recognition and how the customers view it is considered as the main aspect of the brand (Aaker, 2002). That is the reason why organizations stress a lot on the brand building process and the positioning of a brand. This paper analyzes the scenario of GGI house wares and the brand is actually assessed in this paper. In the similar manner the role of marketing in the society and in the firm itself is discussed with emphasis on marketing decision making. Scenario Global gadgets imports is actually an organization that deals in home decor and gift items and they are the importers of these items. The first retail store of this organization was opened in 1995. The core idea at that time was to give emphasis on the consumers and to value them by minimizing the distribution channel. However, after a certain time other stores were opened and side by side the distribution business was also in its growing phase. However, due to lack of marketing the organization is experiencing downfall. That is the reason why emphasis must be laid on the brand building process and the entire brand building of the organization must be optimized.   * Since GGI wants to incorporate house wares in its product line for that reason they can have discounted housewares products from its suppliers. But the point is that the brand name should be extended and since a new product is launched in the market therefore customers would resist buying that product unless a formidable name is attached with it. Therefore, there is no need to add a new brand name but GGI can market this product by saying that these house wares are made by GGI. Therefore, customers can easily recognize the brand and in this way the product line can also be extended.   * Branding seems to be an expensive measure but strategists and analysts believe that this expenditure is quite fruitful in the long run and what seems expensive in the short run might produce enormous results and boasts in the long run. A product with a plain brown paper might sell with its quality but in the long run customers cannot recognize the product because no brand name was placed on it and that is why they cannot retain it. That is the reason why a proper branding campaign must be initiated by the organization and the brown plain paper must be branded. Packaging plays an important role in the marketing process and it actually strengthens the marketing process
Abstract This paper investigates the overall crisis in the ongoing Syrian civil war. The paper principally emphasised on one single aim, which was to examine Challenges/Threats to Turkish National Security, in the case study of the Current Syrian Civil War and its possible ramification on Turkey’s national security interests. The paper explored all the possible causes of the ongoing Syrian civil crisis, with the historical perspective from the mayhem between Syria and Turkey being significantly imperative. Questionnaires or interview schedules were not part of this report as the researcher opted to use prior and contemporary studies conducted on Syrian-Turkish crisis to provide literal and empirical evidence to support its argument. The findings of this study revealed that Turkey is in at most risk of facing the repercussions of the underway Syrian conflict. The study cautioned also Turkey’s involvement in the ongoing Syrian war to avoid facing the consequences of Syria’s unfolding activities. Introduction For several decades now, the world has been experiencing several changes in the global political realm. The most current disturbing menace is the state of augmented global wars, with neighbouring countries turning on each other for either political power or fighting for resources. Powerful states have emerged on the global political realm to prove their prowess against each other with resources like natural gas and oil being the contributing factors. However, this happens mostly in countries within the Middle East (Centre for Security Studies 2012). Of latest, Syria has been witnessing regional and
The purpose of this paper is to develop an in-depth analysis of the article by Dana Munro. Published in 1916, the article attempts to develop an understanding of the role that the catholic popes played during the crusades era. It refers to the work of the popes and crusaders during the middle ages, which lasted between 1095 and 1300s. As more and more people took part in the crusades during the spread of the Christendom, the popes became the major force behind the movements. In fact, the author argues that the popes made major decisions regarding the activities, including allowing (or disallowing) individuals to participate. They used religion to threaten those who failed to take roles or those who took roles without their consent 1 . However, the exact reasons for the popes’ interest in the crusades are not well understood. According to the Munro, few scholars have successfully provided an adequate analysis of this topic. Therefore, the author’s thesis is “why did the papacy take a leading role in these crusades and what did it hope to achieve in general?” 2 The author explains that a number of scholars have shown that the major interest of the popes in the crusades was to bring the Greek Church under their control. It is worth noting that the papacy operated from its headquarters in the Vatican, yet the majority of the church’s force was in Greece. There was evidence that the Romans were threatened by the idea of making Greece the headquarters of Christianity. Certainly, the popes hoped that the crusades and the work of the crusaders would bring the church under the Roman control. Accordingly, their major interest was political gains for the Roman church rather than spreading Christianity. According to the author, a number of other scholars have argued that the Popes wanted to ensure that Europe was under Christian control. They feared that any attempt to leave the church less effective in the continent would result into a weak church and a weak empire 3 . The political interest of the popes was to ensure that the Roman Empire, as the Greek empire before it, was in control of the populous continent 4 . The popes believed that they would gain significant political and social power if the church controlled the entire region. They used evidences from the bible to convince people th
Social media has become popular with the Internet’s increased influence on communication. Naturally, this change has both negative and positive impacts on society and the way we interact with each other. So, what effect does social media have on interpersonal relationships? This essay will try to answer this question. Today, the number of social networks is growing drastically. The developers of social networks like Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter, among others, have been competing to offer excellent features. This can be categorised in terms of privacy, interaction, socialization as well as entertainment. Through the use of wide range of communication platform, the sites can be accessed from laptops, mobile phones, iPhones, and iPads. This has made it easy for people to interact freely anytime given that they have internet connections. The social media has made it easy for people to communicate without need for face to face interactions. However, the concern has been whether social media is eradicating the essence of interpersonal relationship. Interpersonal relationships involve the association between people for a long period, where the association is based emotional feelings, social commitments as well as regular interactions. The relationships can occur in different situations, such as friends, clubs, acquaintances, family, workplaces, and churches among others. The difference between the two is that interpersonal relations are determined and regulated by society, law and customs that are shared. Social media has both the negative and positive impacts to individuals’ relationships that affect daily activities. The social media has both negative and positive impacts on relationships. However, the social media is expected to have more positive than negative impacts because of lowered constraints of traditional communication (Anderson, 1). This has made it possible for people to connect more rapidly with more zeal and zest. According to Jain (1) the social media enables people connect easily with many other people from different parts of life far more than the people we meet in the street. This is true because people share what they have in common and they make a relation out of it. However, this is degrading the traditional ways in which relationships were initiated and accomplished. But the social media has that ability of bringing people from different social and cultural backgrounds more easily than the traditional mode of communication. Therefore, social media can help one meet many friends th
Introduction Reflection is one of the most effective ways to understand oneself and set some goals, as well as evaluate existing standards. The exploration of one’s worldview is essential for a healthcare professional who should ensure the provision of high-quality care to patients. It is essential to have a clear understanding of what health is and how to address issues that may arise. Research suggests that up to 95% of American nurses have a postmodern perspective of human, health, and disease (Newbanks, Rieg, & Schaefer, 2017). I am one of these practitioners, and I also believe that the source of caring, as well as healing, is within a person. This paper includes a reflection regarding my postmodern worldview and the ethical standards that guide me in my personal and professional lives. Christian Spirituality and Postmodern Relativism in Health Care American health care can now be characterized by the use of a holistic approach as healthcare professionals try to address all patients’ needs, including physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual. Spirituality is seen as one of the important components of care since this aspect is closely related to people’s recovery and ability to adjust to new conditions (Puchalski, 2001). Spirituality is often contraposed with postmodern relativism when applied to health care. These two paradigms are rather different, and nurses should be aware of the major premises of both perspectives in order to provide high-quality care. The Christian view of spirituality is quite well-defined and described in numerous religious texts. Christian spirituality implies the person’s commitment to certain values and a strong belief in being a part of a larger entity (Andrews, Watson, Chen, & Morris, 2016). As far as the Christian perspective within health care is concerned, it is believed that nurses should be compassionate and have to explore patients’ spirituality helping them to cope with their health-related issues (Baldacchino, 2015). Christians seek strength (as well as faith) in their selves, and healing is believed to be a process guided by faith. Importantly, these people’s faith helps them address all the situations as they follow clear standards and laws of morality. Postmodern relativism, as its name implies, is based on the assumption that there can be nothing definite since everything is relative. The vast majority of Western nurses are affected by this view, so the way they provide care is also influenced by po
Introduce the course and the objectives of the course. The course is about computers. Thus, there is a need to discuss the importance of acquiring knowledge about computers and how this knowledge relates to the student’s future career or chosen field of expertise. It is also imperative to focus on the cutting-edge technology available to students studying computers in the 21 st century. In the past, computers were simply viewed as machines. However, in the present time there is the added element of mobility and interconnectivity. One of the key features of A.I.U.’s learning platform is the use of the Gradebook. This tool does not only inform the students about his or her grades, but this platform also helps the same student to track his or her progress throughout the semester. It is important to note that this platform is more than a report card. In the old way of doing things, the students had no idea how they earned a particular grade. However, with the Gradebook platform, the student can track his or her progress throughout the course. Use this feature after completing an activity or test. The Gradebook provides a clear tracking tool, it is like having a personal score card. In the past, students did not have a realistic assessment of the knowledge acquisition process. However, with the use of the Gradebook, students are empowered to have the capability to figure out areas that require improvement. The Announcements are one of the features of the online learning platform that serves as a one-stop-area for students that need to get informed regarding key activities, requirements, and events. In the past, students complained about the lack of access to critical information related to the course. It was a common problem to have instructors or professors thinking about doing an activity or cancelling an event and the absence of the appropriate tool. Broadcasting the said information caused a great deal of confusion. The Announcements enable the student to have a tool that is similar to a mobile message board. The student is no
The three essays propose to readers an interesting example of reasoning and decision-making process applied to different situations and events. One may question whether these problems are representative of those confronted in our day-to-day lives and whether techniques effective with the former will be so with the latter. It is reasonable to assume that procedures that are useful in solving problems such as those described in the essays. There is room for a range of opinions here. The important point, for present purposes, is that these problems are representative of those used to study problem-solving in the laboratory. approaches that work well in the one context are likely also to have some utility in the other. Problems also differ in terms of how apparent an appropriate approach to solving them may be. Investigators have used two quite different methods for identifying effective problem-solving strategies that work. The essays describe and show the process of reasoning and critical thinking applied to different situations and processes of everyday life. In the essay, “The Ecology of Magic” David Abram depicts the process of knowledge acquisition and critical thinking skills applied to magic and its functioning. Among the less surprising findings from research on problem-solving is the fact that experts differ from novices in their problem-solving performance; not only are experts generally more effective, but their performance is qualitatively different. Of greater interest than the fact that differences exist, however, is the nature of those differences. Several investigators have studied differences between expert and novice performance in the hope of discovering what might be done to help transform novices into experts. Much of this work has focused on strategies. One difficulty associated with the study of expert performance to obtain insights to guide instruction is that there is no guarantee that the most important aspects of the expert’s performance will be visible to the observer. “The idea became less strange as I pondered the matter. The family compound, like most on this tropical island, had been constructed in the vicinity of several ant colonies” (Abram 72). Similar to Abram, Anna Dillard uses problem-solving and critical thinking as a framework for her essay. Self-management or control processes of the type emphasized by Dillard, for example, typically are invisible in the world. As a counterpoint to the idea that expert behavior is the best place to look for generally useful strategies, The goal of producing descriptive theories of how people go about solving problems and the development of prescriptive approaches to problem-solving. He re
Many people love music in the society. Daniel J Levitin bought himself a stereo system when he was eleven years old despite its price. He earned the money to buy from weeding his neighbour’s garden. He used a lot of time listening to music records. He did not listen to loud music. This is remarkably different compared to the time he went to college. He started setting his loudspeakers at an extremely high volume. The parents even were complaining exceedingly much about this. The father bought him headphones to use whenever he was home. They significantly changed his way of listening to music. Headphones made music personal to him. It came from his head. Levitin’s perception to music leads him to further attaining a degree in neuroscience. He even goes ahead to becoming the head of the laboratory in music perception, cognition, and expertise in the University of McGill in Montreal. Chapter one deals mainly with the concepts of music such as rhythm, loudness, pitch, tone, and others. It also deals with complicated concepts like key, melody, and harmony. The book begins when Levitin is a rock member. He later becomes a music producer and proceeds to a recording engineer. Levitin succeeds explaining issues in the book through giving examples from daily life and from well-known experts in music. The author declares that the writing of the book is not for specialist or colleagues. He declares that his point is not to develop the map of a brain, but it is to understand the working of a brain, and how the vibration of neurons and shuttling of neurotransmitters can lead to joy, or sadness, laughter, and thoughts. How the brain works The book “This is Your Brain in Music” is not difficult to understand. Therefore, it is comprehensive. This is due to its approach to music, or any discipline related to music. Also, levitin emphasises on the philosophy of the mind and the theory of evolution. The book mainly drives the point on how the music affects the brain, minds and, thoughts. The work of explaining the principle of music to non-musicians is extremely difficult. The same case applies to explaining anatomy and chemistry of the brain especially to people who have no interest in science. Some readers find it to be exceedingly hard to understand terminology and concepts used to explain the basic brain concept. We do not hear the music. Rather, transmission of sound into the ear occurs when molecules vibrate at a certain frequency. The molecules bombard the ear drum which vibrates depending on how hard they hit it. On th