ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Identifying a specialty that fits a chosen geographic area and justifying this selection Just like other cosmopolitan areas in the US, Simpsonville, South Carolina, is home to many people of different ethnicities and social backgrounds. The racial composition of the area is distributed across whites, African-Americans, Native Americans, pacific islanders, Latinos, Hispanics and other cultures. Most of the people who inhabit Simpsonville are working adults. They constitute about 35% of the population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). This population group is followed by children below the age of 18 years because they constitute about 29% of the population. Young adults between the ages of 18 -24 and adults between the ages of 45 to 64 comprise 8.2% and 23% of the population respectively (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). Older citizens (above the age of 65) comprise about 8% of the population. Even though these statistics are not very different from national statistics, what makes Simpsonville stand out from other regions of South Carolina is the high number of females. Practically, throughout most gender divisions, the number of females always seems to be higher than males. For example, it is reported that for every 100 females in Simpsonville there are about 96 males. Similarly, in every 100 females under 18 years, there are only 93 males (U.S. Census Bureau, 2011). These statistics set the ground for the regional specialization of health services. Women’s health stands out as the most viable health field that has a high-profit margin. This fact is supported by the high number of females in Simpsonville. Specializing in female health services sets the ground for providing health services that address female health issues. The feasibility of specializing in female health issues, therefore, seems to be high because there are many health services that can be offered here. For example, reproductive health is a key health service that is bound to sustain the focus on the provision of female health services. Other health concerns that have a similar implication include cancer (especially breast cancer), osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases and depression. These health concerns are not exclusive to females but they have a higher incidence within this population group. It is therefore a viable strategy to introduce women’s health as an area of specialty for Simpsonville. Indicating what level of intensity would promote this transition effectively, keeping in mind those physicians, employees, and consumers who will be affected by the change. During the early years of specialization (in healthcare), licensure was considered an important factor in the identification of the right health institutions for seeking specialized health services. Coincidentally, South Carolina (the focus of this study) was among the first states in America to adopt licensure as a component of specialization (Jordan, 1985, p. 538). However, towards the end of the First World War, all hospitals in America had to be licensed to operate as specialized health institutions. From this background analysis, licensure provides the right level of intensity t
Introduction Toshiba is a pioneer in the development of electric and electronic products in Japan and around the world. The company started investing in research and development in 1973. So far, it has been able to retain leadership in several innovations in its different markets. Its current trading name was initiated in 1984 to symbolize swifter decision making. At the same period, the company opted to focus more on semiconductors and its personal computer (PC) business. However, it is also innovating in general consumer electronics products, such as televisions, as well as industrial technology equipment (Toshiba, 2014b). This report reviews the Toshiba’s core business of making semiconductors, with an additional focus being on its competitiveness, the technological changes taking place in its industry, available competitive forces, as well as marketing opportunities and its other business prospects. What market the company belongs to As a semiconductor manufacturer, Toshiba belongs to an oligopoly market. However, the company belongs to a perfectly competitive market when considering its consumer electronic goods, including laptops. In the first case, the competitors of Toshiba are Texas Instruments, Samsung, and Intel. In the second case, there are more than ten competitors in the global market, including HP, Samsung, Sony, Apple, Lenovo, and ASUS. One of the characteristics of the oligopoly semiconductor market is that there are primary producers keen on mimicking the strategies employed by their rivals. Therefore, the technology advancements, which dictate product differences among manufacturers, have progressed gradually for all rivals. The following graph shows the market share of Toshiba’s semiconductor manufacturing business. Much of the analysis of the company done in this paper will be reviewing the semiconductor and storage product divisions of Toshiba, with reference to its consumer electronics division. Toshiba trails Samsung in the global production of NAND flash chips, where it acts as a primary producer. However, in its other business, the company maintains complex relationships with other suppliers by being a competitor in their consumer electronic and computing goods or it remains as a supply partner. Figure 1: NAND flash market share by revenue globally. Figure 2: Toshiba’s market shares in semiconductor industry globally. Toshiba SWOT analysis Strengths Toshiba has signed agreements with second tier manufacturing companies that rely on its semiconductors and memory chips. The companies have global presence and provide Toshiba with adequate demand to sustain profitable production throughout the year. A second positive for Toshi
The first study presented in the article titled ‘Spies like Us’ was done by Ellis. This was an ethnographic study on Guinea Watermen. The guinea was engaged largely in fishing activities leading to Ellis giving them the nickname ‘Fishnecks’ to conceal their identity in her study report. Ellis did not conceal her identity to the guinea watermen but passed off as a college student researching fishing. She argues that she had to conceal her identity and exercise deceit to win the trust of the people. The study helped to show the poor living conditions and quality of life of the guinea. It was a good study that could have benefited the guinea. If her theory of why the Guineamen are backward were to be proved, it would have provided direction in terms of how social workers and government could come in and help the community towards prospering like other communities. However, rather than benefit them, the study only brought them ridicule. The research report portrayed them as backward, obese, foul-smelling, and half-witted. It is my opinion that all these issues may have been true about the guinea, but if they had been disclosed by someone who had a dialogue with them, they would have learned from the process. If the researcher had exercised full disclosure, she would still have earned people’s trust. Such an open interaction would have helped Ellis to ask questions directly, receive feedback, and cross-check what the people say and the actual conditions in the society. The second study presented in the article was done by Richard Leo. He researched police interrogation of suspects. To become acceptable, Richard assumed a persona that he thought was agreeable to the police officers. In his research report, he depicted police officers as conservatives who enjoyed talking about relationships with women and used crude language. He argued that he had to use deceptive techniques and feign an ideological stance that would enable him to become agreeable to the police officer. My opinion is that Richard did not have to be deceptive to investigate the issue at hand. His study most likely did not help the police officers because of the bad light in which he depicts them and the resentment towards his deceptive techniques. I think that Richard just needed to be true to themself, disclose his identity without having to go into ideological issues. As a researcher, all he had to do was focus on his research without necessarily having to act like a clown while engaging the police officers. Another research presented in the article is that of Humphrey who was a sociologist at Washington University. He disguised himself as a gay man to collect data on gay activities at men’s rooms at public parks. Later, he visited the men and interviewed them in their homes under disguise. Homosexuality must have been more stigmatized then than it is now. Was the research going to benefit the respondents in any way? Not in any conceivable way. Disguising as gay and later visiting the peopl
Communication is a complex, multifaceted and multi-element phenomenon. Effective communication minimizes the loss of message meaning. Nike’s world-famous slogan “Just Do It” can serve as an example of a professionally written strategic communication piece. According to Roubal (2017), each person interprets the tagline differently – this is how a personal connection with the brand is established. It was conceived as an inclusive slogan that brings people together in many ways, that is why it has become a cult. Thus, “Just Do It” broke down all age and class barriers. The slogan and subsequent advertising campaign breathed new life into a stagnating corporation, losing the lead in the war with Reebok in the sports footwear market. Roubal (2017) notes that “Just Do It” has transformed the company into a huge multi-billion dollar corporation in just two years and allowed it to make a breakthrough in its growth, which only a few can boast. Therefore, the Nike brand has managed to break into the ranks of such monsters as Coca-Cola, P&G, and Gillette. Moreover, according to Roubal (2017), in 1996, Nike was recognized as the world’s leading sports brand and the best seller of the year. One of the success factors of this tagline is the consistency and brevity of the presentation of information. Nike’s slogan has an understandable and straightforward look; it is bright, short, easy to remember, and open to interpretation. Roubal (2017) asserts that “Just Do It” is the most memorable watchword, according to British design agency Sparkloop, which surveyed 1,000 people between the ages of 18 and 65. Thus, almost half of the respondents (44.65%) remembered it, in the top three – “Every Little Helps” (Tesco, a large British retailer of food and household goods) and “I’m Loving It” (McDonald’s). Therefore, effective communication allows one to reach success in all spheres and achieve the maximum consensus. Correctness and simplicity of communication content will enable the person or the company to make a message enjoyable and valid. Thus, thanks to a well-chosen phrase, Nike reached a new level of its development. Therefore, Nike’s slogan “Just Do It” is a prime example of a successful communication piece confirmed by real sales figures and public opinion. Reference Roubal, O. (2017). Sociology of branding: “Just do it” in the “no limits” world . Communication Today 8 (1), 40-51.
Introduction The Canadian–United States boundary formally referred to as the global border, is the greatest boundary in the world. The global border, consisting of small sections of marine borders on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic shorelines, over and above the Great Lakes is 8,891 kilometres in length, including 2,475 kilometres connecting with Alaska. People from both states who own land neighbouring the boundary are obliged to inform the governments about any erection of physical boundary passing their land. The International border committee ensures that this is achieved. Where necessary, barriers or automobile barricades are utilized. Each individual crossing the boundary is required to inform the relevant customs and migration bureaus in each state. In secluded regions where personnel boundary crossings are not accessible, there are secreted sensors on roads and placed in woody regions next to crossing terminals and on various trails and railways. However, there are no sufficient boundary staffs on either side to authenticate and impede corresponding incursions. In recent years, Canadian bureaucrats have protested as regards to drug, cigarette and weaponry trafficking from the United States whereas the US administrators have criticized drug trafficking from Canada 1 . In 2005 for instance, law implementation staff detained three people who had erected a 360-foot passageway under the boundary between British Columbia and Washington that they planned to utilize for smuggling marijuana. Hypothesis In the current international system, states exist according to the Hobbestian state of nature meaning that life is brutal, short-lived and anarchical. Each state is concerned about the national interests. In this case, the two states that is, the US and Canada are always playing a zero-sum game. The US intends to benefit from the relationship whereas Canada wants to reap maximally from the relationship. It is not surprising that the two states would come up with foreign policies that try to outsmart those of the other. In other words, there is no Leviathan in the international system, which can guarantee peace and harmony. The existing body that is, the International border commission is too weak and it only exists as long as the states exist. This paper observes that the two states should abandon the strategies targeting a zero-sum game and adopt win-win strategies. For this to happen, the US should think about the benefits of cooperation and suspend its national interest, which is related to border security. Strict measures at the border are not safe for trade. Free movement of goods and services should be enhanced to speed up the process of national development in both states 2 . The main hypothesis would therefore be “Free movement of goods, services and people is
Hormonal Alterations of the Endocrine Pancreas in the Case of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) may be regarded as a severe chronic illness that affects millions of people across the globe. It is a particular group of serious physiological dysfunctions “characterized by hyper-glycemia that results directly from inadequate insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and excessive glucagon secretion” (Blair, 2016). The pancreas is responsible for the secretion of insulin and glucagon for the regulation of blood glucose levels. The main function of insulin produced by β cells within the pancreas in response to food intake is to lower blood sugar levels by the facilitation of glucose uptake in the cells of the liver, fat, and muscle from the bloodstream (“Diabetes Mellitus,” n.d.). Thus, being a metabolic disease characterized by the high levels of sugar in the blood over a long period of time, DM is defined as one of the global major health issues with life-threatening symptoms including renal failure, possible blindness, amputation of lower limbs due to poor blood circulation, heart attack, and stroke (Okur, Karantas, & Siafaka, 2017). As a matter of fact, all forms of DM are characterized by the pancreatic β cells’ inability to meet the demand of insulin secretion due to the functional β cells’ deficit in the peripheral insulin resistance’s setting or the cells’ almost complete loss (Saleh & Butler, 2019). In general, the deficit in β cell mass occurs due to the cell’s death, their degranulation that implies the depletion of insulin granules due to stresses, or their dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation – the alteration or loss of functional mature β cell identity (Saleh & Butler, 2019). Type 1 Diabetes This type, also known as insulin-dependent, childhood-onset or juvenile diabetes, is a result of β cell destruction that leads to deficient insulin production and complete insulin insufficiency n the body (Okur et al., 2017). Type 1 diabetes may be also defined as a particular autoimmune reaction characterized by the invasion of the immune system against functional mature β cell that produce insulin. Patients with this type of DM require the administration of insulin on a daily basis to control the blood sugar level, and non-administration is life-threatening. In general, the reasons for Type 1 diabetes are currently not identified and not preventable
Introduction This paper aims to explain why Judaism is a monotheistic religion as opposed to claims that it is polytheistic. This paper will seek to disambiguate this notion and explain these misconceptions. Judaism is an ethical monotheistic religion and the relation of Abraham to this definition will be explained. Ethical monotheism has several properties of God that will be explained in this paper. Monotheistic religion involves the belief in one God who is supreme. Judaism has always been a monotheistic religion despite the different verses in the Bible that people would what to quote to prove otherwise. Although the Israelites were sometimes influenced by their surrounding neighbors to sometimes worship idols, they largely remained loyal to their Supreme God. In the book of Hebrews which is quoted as an example showing that the Judaists were polytheists, we see Jacob telling his household and those around him to do away with those foreign gods and that they purify themselves. The reason for purifying themselves was because they had desecrated themselves in the eyes of God. This is because these gods were not part of Judaism and therefore they were deemed foreign. These gods were brought by the neighboring communities who worshipped idols as their supreme beings. Judaism can be said to be the first religion to proclaim monotheism. Judaism can be termed as an ethical monotheistic religion because it thrives under the doctrine that it is almost impossible to discard holiness and at the same time lead an ethical life. One basic rule of Judaism is that God calls for ethical behaviors. This shows that He cares about how human beings relate to one another and the other things that come after. Therefore this religion is based on ethics that have been passed from one generation to another since the times of Abraham. God revealed his wishes of how the Israelites should live through the issuance of the Ten Commandments. These commandments formed the basic ethics that the Judaists would follow. Abraham can be said to be the father of this religion. Abraham would go and talk to God one on one and later bring God’s message to the people. Therefore the Israelites learned to put into importance the laws between them and God. Ethical monotheism teaches that there should only be one God. This God is holy, supernatural, good, and personal. Personal By indicating that God is personal it explains that He has great care for everything that He created. This religion teaches that there is no way that God could create everything then abandon it. Therefore this ethical monotheism teaches that God cares about us and He, therefore, cares how we treat one another. Goodness Ethical monotheism also teaches that God is good and thus demands goodness from us. He ensures justice
Traditional narratives are quite elaborate and considerably more complicated when compared to graphic novels. When a reader goes through a written novel, he or she is able to form personal images of the settings and characters under discussion. Though a graphic novel contains fewer words, its ability to enhance the meaning behind the narration dies not to grow any less. The combination of the visual imagery and the words makes it easier for the reader to understand the meaning of certain complicated ideas. The images used in graphic novels are almost universal in nature, which helps the reader relate to what he or she sees. For example, in Persepolis , one can see distinctly Marja’s emotions. After Marja hears the false rumor that her father was dead, she is gripped by sadness, and the picture with her imagining the floating spirits of her father and grandfather tells more than words can. Satrapi has simplified the drawings of all images including faces to challenge the reader to sue his/her imagination to explore the novel idea further (Satrapi, 2004, 29). Analyzing some of the book chapters can help explain how the book sheds light on Iranian culture, downplaying a number of ethical, national and cultural stereotypes of Iranian society. (In addition, the imagery of the novel allows us to see the way religious, political and cultural aspects of Iranian life are intertwined. In addition, Satrapi manages to address gender issues very successfully. While in Iran, Marjane nurtures several important relationships with fellow countrywomen. It is obvious that the most important of these for Marjane is her relationships with her grandmother, whom she is very close to. Another woman who is very close to Marja is her mother. Marjane turns to the latter for every important decision the girl has to make in her life. Even though Marja builds strong relationships with men as well, for example, with her father or uncle, she tends to socialize mostly with women, who function as her close confidants, while men like her uncle Anoosh and her father are rather role models for her. The former, who is a political hero, according to Marjane, gets executed from being a Marxist supporter (Satrapi, 2004, 62). This book highlights the importance of women to form strong support networks. However, the author also depicts vividly the fear that women have to face on their way. For instance, describing the time that Marjane spent with Mehri, the maid the family used to have, the author uses quite simple graphics, showing a series of very simple black-and-white, one-perspective drawings with white background and black outlines and shapes. This series is supposed to mean the days of Marjane’s happiness. However, introduce a bit of negative element into the story, Satrapi includes the drawing in reversed colors at the end of the page (Satrapi, 2004, 34). Iranian political system is patriarchal (Satrapi, 2004, 148). Women find themselves spending so much time on trivial matters, such as taking care of the house and doing their chores, which prevents them from engaging in more meaningful affairs like political matters. In addition, the idea of