ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Community health promotion is those efforts that are made to ensure that all people in a particular community are exposed to good health via following basic theories on health that have been put forth by the known health systems. Such theories include the planned behavior theory (Godin, 1993). According to this theory, there are some significant determinants of exercise behavior and also intentions. Such determinants include the beliefs on perceived control, beliefs on behavior, and normative beliefs. The major purpose of the community health promotion is to make identification of the constructs of the planned behavior theory, which has the inclusion of behavioral beliefs, control beliefs based on an individual’s perception, and lastly the normative beliefs, which are all in association with the major intentions of exercise and exercise behavior of the aging people in the community. The other purpose of this community health promotion is to make a clear determination on whether some specific beliefs had any kind of influence on the exercise behavior and the intentions of the same. The major health promotion idea to be embraced by the community is exercising. Different age groups within a given community respond differently to the idea of exercising. The targeted community comprises young people, middle-aged and old people (Harrison, 1994). This theory of planned behavior uses various constructs to monitor how the community embraces the ideas put forth by the community health promotion. The following is a brief discussion on the constructs and what they really are. Behavioral beliefs These are both negative and positive consequences of behaving in a certain manner or in a certain way. Many studies have shown that specific behavioral beliefs in old women will determine their exercise behavior. It has further been proved that these beliefs will have a greater influence on the exercise intention of these particular women. This belief will also have a significant prediction on what stage will the young women adopt exercise. And the research that was carried out on men and other young adults showed that behavioral beliefs were very important in exercise intention and exercise behavior. Behavioral beliefs will differ from one group to another. For example, retired women who will not be willing to exercise have the beliefs that they are too old to exercise, they will also claim that exercise might compromise th
Right from the start Van Valin defines language as a system performing the function of communicative social action, which uses grammatical structures for expressing the contextual meaning. The various ways of interaction between syntax, semantics and pragmatics in different languages are identified as the main domains of the linguistic analysis. The emphasis is put on the syntactical and semantic levels of the linguistic analysis, to be more precise, the linking between the two levels. Discourse-pragmatics plays an important role in linking the two levels. The way in which discourse-pragmatics interacts with the linking of these two levels is regarded to be the main pre-condition of the languages diversity and the main factor for the languages differentiation. While GG places the emphasis on the cognitive dimension of grammar, the aspect of communicative function is added to it by the RRG definition of grammar.“Van Valin and LaPolla see RRG as adopting a ‘communication-and-cognition perspective’ on language and commit themselves to a number of goals, including the explanation of ‘how speakers produce and understand language in real time’” (Butler 43). The words that keep recurring in the first line are the semantic meaning and context of communication, reflecting the perspective of the communicative function, considering the context and contents. Thus, the representatives supporting RRG theory put emphasis on the cognitive-communicative aspect of grammar, considering the language system as communicative social action in the first line. The RRG theory does not rest on the description of a particular language, researching the way of interaction between syntax, semantic and pragmatics across the language and across the languages. The research of the materials of several languages is significant due to the differences in the character and consequences of this interaction in different language systems. “Although it can define dependent categories corresponding more or less to the primary traditional syntactic functions (subject and object), these are not primitive notions of the theory and are not held to play a role in all languages” (Farrell 42). Developing the theoretical principles and methodological basis, the RRG researchers need to consider as wide a range of the possible variations as it is possible, while description of the particular language will deny the general character of the theory. The three main components of analysis in RRG do not coincide with the components of the GG theory. RRG theory is focused on the syntax, semantics and pragmatics while GG is more concentrated on the syntax questions, paying less attention to the components of semantics and not taki
Congressional Ethics Congressman Charles Rangel was representing New York in the House of Representatives for over 40 years. After published reports of receiving rent-stabilized apartments below market value from a real estate magnate, Rangel asked the Office of Congressional Ethics to investigate the issue. Further charges were made against Rangel providing evidence of failure to pay income tax, mention income on financial declarations, using Congressional resources to solicit donations. A major corruption accusation stated that Rangel supported tax loopholes worth hundreds of millions of dollars for an oil company that chose to donate to his education foundation. Congressman Rangel was found guilty of 11 ethical violations that involved financial matters and were sentenced to Congressional censure (Gordon, 2013). The concept of Congressional censure is considered a serious matter. It is a formal declaration of condemnation by the legislative body. However, no direct consequences or disqualifications are resulting from this punishment. It simply remains a political ignominy that does not necessarily impact the political career. Usually, the condemnation results in pressure to resign from leadership positions and committees (Maskell, 2013). The only financial penalty required Rangel to repay the income taxes that he avoided, without any additional fines. Throughout the investigation, he faced political pressure to resign from a highly coveted position at the Ways and Means Committee (Gordon, 2013). These punishments were justified, but were disproportionate to the damage that Rangel caused, both financially and ethically to the Congress of the United States. At the time, the Congressional Ethics Committee had just undergone reform, and many Americans expected justice. However, the system failed to adequately punish an act that was unethical at the very least and considered borderline criminal. Charles Rangel remained in office, continuing his career and being re-elected for the next term before retiring. The use of Congressional resources and political capital for personal ambitions is not uncommon becoming a part of the quid quo pro culture in the government (Menzel, 2013). Despite the seriousness given to Congressional censure, there are essentially no concrete consequences that give the impression that the system protects the political establishment. Third-Party Candidates Third-party or independent candidates fail to succeed in presidential elections in the United States. Despite some election cycles attracting a respectable social following of these candidates, the current system makes it nearly impossible to get elected outside the two primary political parties. The primary reason is the existence of the electoral college during the
Introduction: Monsters as a Cultural Phenomenon The basic concept of a monster has been around in people’s culture since the beginning of time. Over the years of culture evolution, the image of a monster shaped, acquiring specific features, which varied depending on the nation and culture that it was planted in. However, the basic idea remained the same; instilling fear and panic, a monster was perceived as a creature that is as far on the opposite end of the definition of a man as possible. However, a deeper insight into the issue shows that there is more to the definition of a monster than a typical image of a boogieman. Thesis statement: Despite the fact that traditionally, monsters are defined as horn-headed, weird-looking creatures, whose only life purpose is to scare people out of their wits and make their existence miserable, the very concept of a monster is often taken to a different dimension. To be more exact, the concept of a monster is viewed through the lens of ethics, which means that a monster can be defined as the creature, whose moral and ethical values are washed down to pursuing life’s bare necessities, and whose decisions, thus, disregard the basic ethical standards accepted in the society. Extending the Definition: Additional Features of a Monster to Consider The existing interpretations of what people of different cultures consider a monster allow for expanding the current definition: “’Monster theory’ must therefore concern itself with strings of cultural movements” (Cohen 17). Cohen emphasizes that a monster is doubtlessly a cultural phenomenon and, thus, can only be defined or explained as a phenomenon by a human: “The monster is born only at this metaphoric crossroads, as an embodiment of a certain cultural movement” (Cohen 15). Consequently, it can be assumed that a monster is the creature that exists outside the moral or cultural dimensions of a certain group of people. Consequently, what is ethically considered a monster in a certain culture will be seen as a perfectly normal individual in another one. Hence, the definition of a monster can be stretched to a creature or person, whose ethical and moral standards are considered inappropriate in a particular culture, such as the “nineteenth-century Gothic fiction” (Halberstam 124), for example. At this point it will be appropriate to stress that the possibility of distilling a perfect image of an ethically monstrous creature, which will have the same effect of dread on the representatives of all cultures, is questionable. To do so, it will be necessary to figure out whether there is at least one ethical principle that is common for every culture in the world. Despite the limitations of such study, one may assume that, due to cultural diversities, a common ethical standard will be very hard to find. The Creatures to Include in the Definition: People as Social A
When designing, there are numerous occasions when trends and patterns with replicated geometry must be created. Individuals can use AutoCAD’s various Array commands to duplicate items systematically. Array commands are of three sorts in AutoCAD: rectangular, circular, and path arrays, and the most significant part is that these arrays are correlated (Çelik et al. 67). The rectangular array is represented as a set of an element’s rows, sections, and divisions in a rectangle-shaped collection. Using the rectangular assortment in AutoCAD, individuals may create many reproductions of a component in a rectangle shape. Polar arrays are constructed by replicating selected elements around a given center point. In a polar array, the frame of comparison for all items is the last item in the choice group. The sampling set’s final value is indeterminate if one constructed the decision set with a window or a bridging selection. The path array spreads object duplicates uniformly along a channel or a segment of a path. The track can be a straight line, a polyline, a three-dimensional line segment, a curve, a corkscrew, an arc, a circle, or an ellipse. The following are some of the ideas I got on the use of an array. First, arrays are primarily irreversible data structures; the modifiable array is referred to as a list. Second, the array requires a memory cache for distribution, referred to as a sequential memory address. Thus, even if a person has sufficient memory, they will be unable to generate a large array if the memory is fragmented. Lastly, a single-dimensional array or a multi-dimensional array are both possible. A 2D array is referred to as a matrix, and it is immensely beneficial in simulations for creating a two-dimensional environment using bricks. Work Cited Çelik, Halil Coskun, et al. “The Impact of Project-based Learning on Achievement and Student Views: The Case of AutoCAD Programming Course.” Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 7, no. 6, 2018, pp. 67-80.
Hiring decisions are often excruciatingly difficult to make due to the challenges in evaluating whether the applicant meets key job requirements. In the case under analysis, the supervisor who conducts job interviews will need to undergo a training that will teach them how to approach graduates. Specifically, the interviewer will need to craft the questions in the way that will help the graduate to feel more confident and demonstrate their key advantages. Thus, questions must be straightforward and clear. Most importantly, the interviewer must learn to set a welcoming tone and an amicable environment for the interview. Additionally, the issue of workplace safety should be addressed when defining the process of hiring. Specifically, the OSHA requirements such as the quality of ventilation and the cleanliness of the premises. Specifically, the cluttering of the place must be prevented so that staff members could not receive damage as a result of falling or hitting themselves on objects within the warehouse (Schultz & Schultz, 2020). In addition, key lockout and tag out procedures must be explained to recruits so that they could follow them precisely. Finally, all staff members must be provided with an opportunity to take breaks to avoid burnouts in the workplace. The position of a warehouse operator could also accommodate applicants with disabilities. For instances, high-functioning people with Asperger’s and autism spectrum disorders can be suitable for the job of a warehouse operator (Schultz & Schultz, 2020). However, given the need to perform physical work, candidate with physical impairments are unlikely to be accepted for the specified job. Overall, the provided job description is quite accurate and informative. Therefore, it is reasonable to agree that it provides an honest and useful description of the job of a warehouse operator. The description sets rather high expectations for the job interview, which is why the interviewer should strive to create a proper environment for the successful dialogue with the applicant. Reference Schultz, D., & Schultz, S. E. (2020). Psychology and work today: Pearson new international edition . Routledge.
Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the extent to which the training and skill development programmes can help the employers and policy-makers to fight against economic crisis. To do so, this paper will illustrate the theoretical framework of knowledge and skill development, job-related training programmes in the international labour market, the position of unskilled labour force in financial downturn, and the relationship between skill development and productivity. However, this paper will focus on the importance of skill development programmes, particularly vocational training courses and initiatives of the governments of different countries to build skilled labour force to address the immediate challenges and to attain competitive advantage in the post recessionary economy. Introduction In September 2008, the credit crash in the US mortgage market and collapse of Lehman Brothers generated the GFC that had spread out all over the world through international banking system; the impact of GFC was so serious that the global economy could not overcome the recessionary impact yet in 2013. Different fiscal and monitory tools including bailout has failed to stabilise the global economy; under such a background, the UK government have addressed a skill development strategy to encounter the recessionary impact. This research has aimed to investigate to what extent the training and skill development could assist to fight against economic downturn. International Skill Position of Different Countries About 47% of the total labour force of Canada was highly skilled, and 40.5% employees of Japan was highly skilled in 2009 and these two countries have long-term plan to hold the present position by creating 60.2% and 59.9% high qualified labour within 2020; however, the following table shows level of skills – Country          secondary (low skills)  Country          Upper secondary (intermediate skills)  Country    Tertiary (high skills) % Qualified  Rank                  % Qualified                              % Qualified                                                                                Czech Republic   9.60                    Czech Republic   76.90                                  Canada     47.00                               1    The USA          12.20                   Slovak Republic  72.50                                  Japan      40.50                               2    Slovak Republic  13.50                   Austria          62.70                                  The USA    39.50                               3    Canada           14.40                   Hungary          60.70                                  Finland    35.30                               4    Switzerland      15.00                   Germany          59.30                                  Scotland   34.90                               5    Japan            15.30                   Switzerland      55.10                                  Denmark    34.70                               6    Sweden
Is it possible for human beings to live a life that has no suffering? How can a human being keep away from the selfish desires of the human nature? These are some of the teachings from the Eastern philosophies. There are a number of Eastern philosophies like, Buddhism and Hinduism in India, Taoism, Confucianism and Ch’an Buddhism in china, Samurai tradition and Zen Buddhism in Japan. The philosophies have various teachings. They have been studied by many westerners and they have been seen to have profound knowledge and thus they are relevant today even though they were written by thinkers who lived centuries ago (Bruder, 2005). Buddhism began in India. It was founded by a person called Siddhartha Gautama. He was later called Buddha “the Enlightened one” (Bruder, 2005). It arose so as to address suffering that was so rampant in human beings. Buddha sought to find out why suffering exits and to do this he had to abandon his family. After meditating for a long time he found enlightenment (Harvey, 2005, p 45). Taoism originated in China. This religion has shaped the Chinese way of life for centuries (Hartz, 2005). The fundamental concept in Taoism and Buddhism is that they both believe in reincarnation. The reincarnation however is different in each philosophy. In Buddhism they believe that life has no end and many reincarnations occur in a human being’s life. They believe that one comes in a better life in the successive rebirths. And one will be reincarnated until free from suffering and pain. In Taoism they believe the soul goes to another life (Hartz, 2005). In Taoism the aim is attain Tao while the Buddhists strive to reach the nirvana and adhere to the four noble truths (Harvey, 1990). They both belief that to reach nirvana or Tao; the human beings must banish all the worldly desires. The focus should be on achieving the goals, and this is only possible if they live properly. They both encourage the human beings to move from selfish desires and seek spirituality. Both philosophies support compassion and integrity. Human beings are urged to live as brothers and sisters. They philosophies emphasizes on practicing what we say, and having consideration for our fellow human beings (Quirk, 2008). Taoism appears the most persuasive philosophy. This is because of the teachings from the great thinkers Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. Lao Tzu understood the dangers of using force. He said that war should be last thing being it always comes with regret. Diplomacy should be tried with the warring parties. The wise ruler will change the mind of their enemies even without having to use violence. The rulers should be humble when dealing with their subjects. When they do so, they get victory with less effort (Bruder2005) The wise ruler is able to govern well because he encourages broadmindedness which in turns helps people to tolerate one another. This philosophy is very relevant today when we have so many conflicts going on in the world. If the leaders of the sai
Legislative initiatives for SMEs have altered dramatically over the decades. In the 1960s, when these policies were initially passed, most SMEs were defined as disadvantaged groups. However, this perception changed tremendously in the late 1990s when the government recognized that small and medium enterprises were a crucial driver of the economy (EIU 2010). Uchikawa (2009) adds that the changes in basic law in 1999 were designed to promote vigorous growth. Currently, the law focuses on competition and innovation, which is partly because of a 2005 law that focused on promoting innovation in start-ups. In order to determine some of the support structures or policies that enable SME start-ups, it is essential to look at certain macroeconomic factors. UNESCAP (2011) found that Japan is ranked 27 with regard to economic freedom, which is a relatively good position. In this index, a number of components are quite relevant to SME development in the country. They include the influence of government in business, legal enforcement of contracts, regulation of barriers to trade as well price controls. The index also contains elements about payment of bribes, existence of license restrictions as well as requirements for recruiting and dismissing employees. The economic freedom index is indicative of the policies that support productivity in a country. Therefore, since Japan is doing relatively well, then one might assert that many SMEs find the economic environment conducive for doing business. EIU (2010) also talks about other measures designed to assist SMEs to weather difficult environmental conditions. For instance, to deal with the economic recession, the government introduced tax reductions for SMEs that have a capital of 100 million Yen by 4%. However, this policy was short-term oriented as it expired in 2011. In additional to provision of financial assistance, several policies are designed to assist SMEs in locating markets for their products. Uchikawa (2009) reiterates these sentiments by highlighting the role of local governments in achieving this goal. A case in point is the Tokyo Metropolitan government, which brought together a number of SMEs with engineering orientation. These companies were then linked to aerospace companies in Japan and the international market. JSBRI (2012) also adds that several provisions exist for non-financial policies. It highlights policies such as those that govern subcontracting transactions. The government passed a Subcontractor Payment Act that was designed to protect SMEs against unfair subcontracting transactions. The government has also partnered with SMEs to assist them in locating subcontractors who want n