ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The associated with vitamin D and calcium publications are primarily based on their respective supplements’ health effects. They have clarified an interesting scenario regarding the consumption of these elements. The landscape of vitamin D and Ca can be observed across different populations. To test the prevalence of vitamin D and Ca deficiency, similarities, and differences, alongside their health benefits, a cross-sectional study was deliberated in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The research established that these elements are synergistic and integral for immunological functions, including the formation of healthy teeth. However, they displayed characteristic physiological differences. Sources and resources used in the study were obtained from internet sources. Sites like Google Books, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost were used to acquire possible research information. Intending to seek facts and evidence surrounding the health benefits of Ca and vitamin D, the research established research gaps like the high prevalence of vitamin D and Ca deficiencies among the study group regardless of the increasing literacy and education levels. Vitamin D and Calcium Introduction There have been numerous publications associated with the various aspects of vitamin D and calcium. The studies primarily focus on the physiological and therapeutic aspects of the micronutrient. The florid scientific literature does not eliminate the uncertainty on numerous issues. For example, there is no consensus on the importance of vitamin D and calcium in people’s health and well-being. Endless debates have been highlighted, including the standard means of measuring the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D), precursors, and metabolites. Excessive calcium absorption could lead to nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis 1 . The other debate is associated with hypovitaminosis in the general population concerning a specific clinical condition such as pregnancy and health condition. The research will focus on vitamin D and calcium issues concerning the modalities used to ensure sufficiency and health benefits. The target group will be the United Arab Emirates population that has faced significant health issues associated with the nutrients. Literature Review Roles of Vitamin D in the Body Vitamin D is essential for physiology and anatomy. First, vitamin D is preventing rickets’ development. The formation of healthy bones is dependent on this element’s presence, but it is also influenced by calcium. Vitamin D enhances dietary calcium intake, a mineral integral to the formation of such bust bones. Secondly, it promotes the physiology of parathyroid glands. Because they balance calcium levels via the kidney, vitamin D is directly involved in homeostasis maintenance 2 . Calcium and/or vitamin D insufficiency condition parathyroid glands to break down bones to obtain calcium or vitamin D. Functions of Ca While 99% of it is located in teeth, bones, calcium is also found in body fluids, blood, tissues, and nerve cells. The intake of calcium helps with the coagulation, healthy forming of bones, sending and reception of nerve signals, squeezing and relaxing muscle cells, releasing hormone
Background of the Australian Financial Sector Australia is one of those stable economies which have faced the Global Economic Crisis quite successfully. The banking sector of Australia has earned a worldwide due to sound supervision and regulatory framework for the financial market. According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2011 – 2012, issued by the World Economic Forum, the ranking of the Australian economy out of 142 selected economies of the world is 20. The financial market of Australia has a ranking of 6 out of 142 financial markets of the selected countries in the report (Schwab, 2011; Invest Victoria, 2009). These rankings depict the stability and progress of the Australian financial sector. The corporate and domestic customers enjoy the flexibility with which they are able to avail the financial services in the country. There has been a consistent increase in the volume of assets of the financial service providers in Australia; in fact the growth rate of the financial sector has leaped forward than the overall economic growth of the country. The banking sector of the country comprises of half of the financial sector of the country. Apart from banks, other institutions, such as “Authorized Deposit taking Institutions (ADI)”, also provide financial services (MCU, 2011). The total assets of the financial institutions in December 2010 stood at $ 2,524 billion, out of which $ 1,887 billion were attributable to the major banks and $ 76 billion to the credit unions and building societies operating in Australia (Donovan & Gorajek, 2011; ABA, 2011). These figures were approximately half way down five years back, i.e. in December 2005; the major banks had a total assets figure of $ 918 billion and the credit unions and building societies had $ 52 billion worth of total assets (Donovan & Gorajek, 2011). These figures show how much the sector has grown over a span of five years. MCU Sustainable Banking Maleny Credit Union Limited (MCU Ltd) is a licensed financial service provider in Australia and is also authorized in inviting public deposits as an independent institution “Authorized Deposit Taking Institution (ADI)”. Beginning its operations back in the year 1984, MCU has successfully carried out its operations which are mostly community based. With 5,500 members (approx) the institution has managed to increase its total assets to above 60 million dollars (MCU, 2011). There is a wide range of services available to the customers of MCU. These services include on-call savings accounts, term deposits, lending services, insurance, financial planning service, free car search service and non-cash payment facilities which includes VISA debit cards, e-banking, electronic funds transfer, BPAY and other cheque facilities which are similar to those provided by the conventional banks. The area of operations of MCU includes Maleny and Sunshine Coast Hinterland (MCU, 2011). There are other financial institutions also where MCU operates, but the operations of MCU are distinguished from others as the institute invests back t
Health care providers have the duty to make sure that the information they have about patients is held in confidence. Some criminal activity that a patient may be involved in is the trafficking and use of prohibited drugs. Upon the realization of such drug use, the heath worker is faced with the dilemma on whether or not to report such cases to relevant authorities. If they do so, they will be infringing on the patient’s right to privacy and confidentiality. This paper is will look at ways in which health care workers can best deal with such situations. Discussion There are cases where a medical worker is legally expected to breach the patient’s confidence by reporting criminal activities conducted by such patients. In other instances however, the health worker is not obliged to disclose any such information and in such a case, they can be successfully sued for not protecting patient’s privacy. The practitioner has to consider whether he is legally bound or not (Pauls, LeBlanc, and Campbell, 2002). Reporting of a patient’s criminal activity is encouraged where the actions of the patient are likely to injure another identifiable person. It is the duty of the physician to determine how much risk is placed on society by the patient’s criminal activities. In case the risk to the community is high, then the physician should not protect the patient’s right to confidence and should give all necessary information to the authorities. If such a risk to community is low or if criminal activity is on property, the patient’s privacy should be protected. In order to reconcile his obligation, the health care worker should have an open discussion with the patient prior to making any decision. He should take into account the position of the society as a whole as well as that of the individual patient (Pauls, LeBlanc, and Campbell, 2002). One of the reasons why the health care providers should not always report crimes committed by their patients is to encourage individuals to have trust in hospitals and for them to be able to disclose important information when seeking medical attention. In case the physician suspects that his patient is a sexual offender, he should first carry out some investigation to determine whether a person has been offended before reporting the patient (Tony, Sally, Charles, 2003). Another consideration that the health care provider should have in mind before reporting any criminal activity is whether or not the affected persons are in need of the type of criminal protection that is generally provided. If not, then the patient’s privacy and confidentiality should be maintained. There would be no point in infringing on a patient’s privacy in the affected person does not stand to gain (Brown, 2010). Conclusion Where there are no set rules on whether to report or not to report criminal activities, the physician should be guided by both the ethical principles as well as wha
The General Ethical Issue and Why It Is Important To Me Personally The general ethical issue that I am looking at is whether it is ethical to discriminate against people in the workplace. Workplace religious discrimination occurs when a person is treated in a prejudicial way on the basis of his or her religion. When this occurs, the behavior of the individual is influenced in such a way that they feel like they do not belong to the group. This topic sparked a personal interest for me because I have a close friend who was victimized at work because of his religion. I grew up in a local town upcountry, where every inhabitant viewed the other as “family.” Brotherhood was well embraced in my community, despite the fact that the population was made up of both Christians and Muslims, almost in equal numbers. Like any other kid, I had a best friend, Galgallo Hassan. He was a Muslim, and I was a staunch Christian. Whenever he spent the night at our place, he would say the grace with us, and whenever I was in their place, I would follow through as Hassan’s parents prayed. As fate would have it, we found ourselves in the same high school and university in the capital city. He, however, graduated before me and got employed at a financial institution in the city. Hassan later realized that he was the only Muslim in the organization, although that never bothered him until he started noticing that no one wanted to be seen hanging around with him. Whenever there were group activities or brainstorming sessions, his opinions never counted. He would also be alone during the team-building activities because others always avoided associating with him. Things go from bad to worse when the organization decided to train the employees at Hassan’s employment status for a possible management position at new branches. My friend was not considered for the training. Needless to say, he felt humiliated. He resigned and is in the process of suing the organization. Religious discrimination at the workplace creates a natural resentment towards the leader of the group or even the whole group at large. Consequently, the opportunities and benefits enjoyed by the group are not enjoyed by the individual. It is necessary for the organization’s management to make decisions that are rational and logical so as to ensure that some members of a group do not feel excluded just because they do not belong to the religion of the majority. The Underlying Ethical Questions Involved That I Intend To Answer Should the religion of a person be an issue in his or her place of work? Many organizations all over the world have made it so difficult for Muslims, in particular, to enjoy equal rights. Why is it that many organizations give unfavorable treatment to employees and, in some cases, applicants just because their religion is the minority? The law should protect and uphold the rights and freedom of people from all religions, and not just those who belong to the traditional majority religion. Still, on religious discrimination, why do people always find it strange and, in some cases, try to stop marriages involving people in different religions? People who associate wit
Abstract This paper is a review of a quantitative research study using the article, “HPV Awareness and Vaccine Acceptability in Hispanic Women Living along the US-Mexico Border.” The paper is divided into introduction, methods, results, discussion, and summary. Each section discusses different aspects of the article under review. The introduction explores the background of the study, literature review, and its relevance to nursing. The methods section highlights the study design, sample size, and the instruments used for data collection. The results segment gives the findings of the study. Under discussion, the study’s findings are synthesized, while the summary gives the overall presentation of the article. Introduction The research problem is that despite the elaborate measures that have been put in place to prevent cervical cancer in the United States, Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by this health condition in terms of morbidity, mortality, and incidence rates. One of the causes of this disparity is the lack of awareness among Hispanic women. The authors did not state the research problem in the paper. This problem is important to nursing because cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the US, but the incidence rate could be reduced through prevention. Therefore, nurses could play an important role in creating awareness among the affected groups of individuals to sensitize them on the need to be vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the leading cause of cervical cancer. Most individuals do not have the appropriate information concerning the need to take preventive measures against cervical cancer. The study is justified because establishing the level of HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccine knowledge among Hispanic women would pave the way for the formulation of strategies on patient education on the issue. Additionally, Hispanic women continue to bear the burden of high morbidity and mortality cases of cervical cancer, and this problem could be linked to their level of understanding of preventive measures such as HPV vaccination. The authors stated the purpose of the study was “to assess the level of knowledge of a mostly Hispanic group of females attending a free cervical cancer screening booth at a health fair in a border community” (Molokwu, Fernandez, & Martin, 2013, p. 541). In the article, a theoretical or conceptual framework is not identified, but it is implied. By understanding the level of awareness concerning HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination among Hispanic women, care providers and policymakers could come up with effective strategies to address the issue. With improved awareness, it is expected that the affected groups would start taking the appropriate action, such as vaccination against HPV, as a preventive measure against cervical cancer. Therefore, it could be said that the framework is linked to the research purpose. The literature review section is missing in the article. However, in the introduction, the authors used several references. The majority of the references are current having been published in the la
Employer Breach of Employee’s Privacy Though technically being very hard to prove, the breach of employees’ privacy is definitely a punishable offence that must result in taking proper measures and penalizing the wrong-doer in an adequate manner (Duff, Smielauskas & Yvos 2001, p. 14; Dossey 2003, p. 12). As Shaw explains, “privacy is widely acknowledged today to be a fundamental right, yet corporate behavior and policies often threaten privacy” (Shaw 2013, p. 379). To secure the employees’ privacy from corporations, the principle of workplace privacy was defined (Ball, Daniel & Stride 2012, p. 377). To solve the given issue, the principle of consequentialist theories can be used, i.e., the rightness of the employees’ actions can be evaluated only by its results. It is quite peculiar that the given principle contradicts the Kantian theory, i.e., the Categorical Imperative, which is widely accepted in other aspects of an organization’s functioning. Employer Breach of Other Civil Liberties Apart from infringing their employees’ rights for their privacy, companies also tend to cross the thin line between strict rules and downright injustice concerning other civil liberties (Rosembloom 2002, p. 58). As Shaw explains, in most cases, the given issue is manifested through making employees work extra hours without offering them additional payment. On the one hand, the given demand seems absurd. However, it should be mentioned that the given demand is often voiced when employees actually fail to perform their duties on time. Therefore, the demand to compensate for the lack of efficiency seems legitimate (Paterson 2012, p. 1). It can be assumed that the solution to the given issue lies within the boundaries of the Utilitarianism theory (Shaw 2013), presupposing a
Orwell’s shooting of an elephant Reading Orwell’s essay culminates in the identification of issues concerned with governance, especially imperialism. The setting of the story, thus a province in India makes it simpler to draw reference to the societal occurrences, thus the elephant’s actions. It is because it destroys the possessions of people and distorts the peace. The shooting of the elephant symbolizes the efforts of the government in alleviating the conditions of people with little success. The strategies pursued by the government correlate to the shooting of the elephant, which turned out futile. It is equally vital to acknowledge that the Burmese people had initiated measures to counter such evils; however, they failed as illustrated by the statement “The Burmese people had no weapons and were quite helpless against it” (Orwell 149). This concept further illustrates that the strategies pursued to limit societal problems require the intervention of the government, as well as the people. Consider such a hypothetical scenario; had the shooting of the elephant taken place in agreement with the advice of the people, then the problems would have been easily mitigated. Moments of being Exploration of the concept presented by ‘moments of being’ culminates in the division of occurrences, feelings, and emotions into two categories. The first category pertains to satisfaction and accomplishment, while the second category pertains to rejection and related ill effects. Consider the following statement “That is the whole,” I felt that I had made a discovery” (Woolf & Schulkind 71). This situation ultimately contributed to the experiences, thus enriching the writing experience. It is worth reinstating that ‘moments of being’ focuses on experiences and how they affect an individual’s passion. This concept can be further interpreted by looking at issues about thinking and intelligence that eventually contribute to the writing experience. The subject in the essay acknowledges that the experiences an individual goes through determining his thinking capabilities consequently, translating into intelligence levels. Another issue pertains to everyone playing his or her role aptly in society. It eventually contributes to the richness in experiences “that the whole world is a work of art; that we are part of that work of art” (Woolf & Schulkind 72). The Giant Water Bug The story is interpreted about the life of frogs and related water organisms. Their livelihood is significantly affected by ‘The Giant Water Bug’, which is strong and has increased capabilities. It is said that “
I’d love to point suggest some changes the institution has to make regarding patient-centered treatment, evidence-based care, and the theory of preference-sensitive care. I understand that the code of medical ethics requires practitioners to exactingly respect the principle of informed consent. Practitioners must explain to the patients the medical facts accurately and then give professional opinions or make recommendations that can be used to address a certain medical condition as per the ‘good medical practice’ doctrine. The principle of shared decision making (SDM) has its basis on this premise. At this institution, we need to create an atmosphere that will allow patients to have a chance to assess options and make decisions according to personal values, and preferences. SDM process has a chance of improving patient-centered care that can greatly improve the quality and efficacy of the healthcare delivery system. Patients will be better contented and will be comfortable with their choice. Furthermore, the increased involvement of patients in decision making, allowing them to take responsibility for their health in developing the healthcare delivery regimes will increase adherence and long-term results cut down extravagant expenditure. When patients engage in SDM, they tend to develop more realistic expectations of the health outcomes and the implications of the treatment. The SDM strategy will also reduce patient-doctor tensions thus reduce the feeling by patients that the physician may have made a wrong treatment option particularly when the outcome is unsatisfactory or unanticipated. There will be reduced conflict when it comes to making critical decisions, the patients will have a greater knowledge of treatment alternatives, more patients will be decisive rather than undecided and there will be conformity between patient values and the available option. Changes The facility should give decision aids which will help patients to be able to clarify their preferences, attitudes, and values then can choose which one is important about the perceived benefits or damage. This institution must give patients evidence-based medical information regarding certain health conditions, the alternative, and the benefits related to them, the harms, and the probabilities of every alternative. We institution will need to develop decision guidance in the steps of a decision-making process, by sequential questions that profile the preferences of the patients. Physicians should give the patients truthful advice as per the best healthcare options available. Barriers Many obstacles will come in the way as we try to implement SDM policy. I highlighted just a few. Patients can easily opt for alternative treatments that are not evidence-based for various personal reasons. For instance, the cost, family decisi