ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Company description Dubal is a major manufacturer and supplier of aluminum products. The company’s mission is to be the leading company in global aluminum production. The company also aims to lead in marketing of aluminum products by the year 2020. The company is perceived to be a major supplier of alloy products to the automotive industry. Moreover, the company also supplies billet, foundry alloys to construction, electronics and aerospace industries. The company is also renowned for producing water products through thermal desalination. The company’s major markets are located globally, with China, Europe, North America and Middle East being major market destinations. Description of operations Aluminum smelting This is the initial aluminium production process that involves extraction of aluminium from its oxide (Davis 1). This procedure takes place in stages, where bauxite is turned into Alumina and then through an aluminium smelter where it is eventually turned into aluminium. Raw material handling The company procures high quality materials from various parts of the world. The company sources raw materials like alumina, aluminium fluoride and calcined petroleum coke from Australia, India and the United States respectively. Sourced imports pass through Jebel Ali Port. This is because the company has storage facilities for its raw materials at the port. Moreover, the company import raw materials in bulk and later transport the materials to the manufacturing plant by road tankers. Carbon anode manufacturing This is an on-site manufacturing process. The carbon anodes are necessary for the electrolysis process used in aluminum reduction process (Kvande & Haupin 29). Apparently, the company has the capacity to produce more than 380,000 carbon anodes annually. Casting operations This is the final process of making aluminium. It entails casting molten aluminum and alloying the same with magnesium, silicon and manganese. Casting is important in adding metal properties like corrosion resistance and strength (Kaufman & Rooy 1). The company’s annual casting capacity is 1.2 million tonnes of aluminium. Supply chains decisions Dubal’s supply chain takes the format of a typical Porter’s value chain. Inbound logistics Procured materials from Australia, India, and the United States pass through Jebel Ali Port, where the company has storage facilities. The presence of storage facilities at the port is critical for constant supplies, storage and transportation of materials. Operations Main operations inside the company’s manufacturing plant include aluminium manufacturing processes. Operation managers make critical decisions on the quantity and quality of products manufactured. Outbound logistics Operation managers are required to decide the mode of transportation in delivering products and services. Decision on company transport, outsourced transport is critical. Decisions on distribution channels and delivery locations to the company’s outlets across the world are also critical. Marketing and sales Marketing and sales initiatives are globally focused. Operation managers insist on manufacturing products that are environme
Although CEOs and politicians have influence, many people are not even able to express their opinions correctly. It is enough to imagine a meeting of employees, where most of the participants are directors of different departments. If there was a middle manager among them, it is unlikely that the top management would listen to his advice. However, effective interaction with other people is a prerequisite for success in any activity. In this case, the person should be able to convince others of the correctness of their ideas. According to Cialdini (2001), there are six primary forms of persuasion, but this essay will talk about the authoritative impact. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the methods of authoritative persuasion as a lever for decision-making. Examples Confidence in goods is determined by the extent to which the consumer is willing to trust the person who is an advertiser. A high level of trust is induced by those who have authority. Compare two advertisements: an older adult advertises a cure for joint pain, or a doctor looks confidently into the camera and talks about the benefits of the medicine with the corresponding uniformed doctor (see fig. 1). There is literature showing that the second option is preferable to advertising (Williams & Harkins, 2017). When a potential consumer looks at a specialist, he or she has no questions about the reliability of the drug. Fig. 1. “9 steps to get awesome patient reviews and boost your online reputation.” Healthcare Marketing Solutions, n.d. Alternatively, it is often the case that marketers invite a well-known person to advertise a product (see fig. 2). Looking at such an advertising poster, the buyer will feel the confidence and charm of the actor and then associate these features with perfume aroma. Such a connection will make a person think that he does not buy the usual perfume, but the fragrance that makes him more courageous. Fig. 2. ” Brad Pitt photographed by Joe Wright ” Chanel., n.d. However, the method of authority is also used in other areas. Look at the work of Kazimir Malevich, “Black Square” (see fig. 3). It is a black square on a white background, which can draw any student. However, it is Malevich Square that deserves public recognition because the creator of the painting is an outsta
Introduction “Freedom writers” is a Christian movie that presents strong moral teachings to young people. The movie portrays a strong and civilized view of the world; it encourages development and use of positive moral values by people in making the world a better place. The main values encouraged in the movie include doing right, being kind, polite, respecting other people, seeking the truth and applying it in life. Precisely, its main theme is centered on promoting good moral values. Brief synopsis of the plot The movie focuses on a young teacher (Hillary Swank) who teaches in a high school made up of students from different racial backgrounds (IMDb 2012). She promotes cohesion and peaceful existence among students by teaching them about the genocide against the Jews that took place during World War II (IMDb 2012). She successfully transforms the rogue students into good people by instilling good moral values in them. In addition, she encourages them to do the right thing all the time, be kind to others and use the moral values learnt in class to improve their lives. Synopsis of the moral issue Doing right all the time is the main moral issue highlighted in the movie. Doing the right thing presupposes being polite, kind, respectful, seeking the truth and using it to transform lives. The students, who come from different racial backgrounds, form ethnic gangs that they use to perpetuate violence, racism and hatred among themselves. The students carry their street gang activities and racism sentiments into class, giving the teacher a rough time in dealing with them. However, she teaches them of the importance of doing the right thing always. Gradually, the students change and become better people with positive and strong moral values. According to the natural law theory, good moral behavior is part of human nature which is realized by observing the nature of humanity (Finnis 53). The students were able to critically evaluate the evils of racism and violence in the society, and thus change. Learning about the Jews holocaust, they realize the dangers of racism and violence motivating them to change their morals. According to Kantianism, an act is more important than the outcome, thus everyone should be more concerned with the moral value of actions (Ward 47). Doing right is more important than the outcome of doing right. It is expected that practicing good moral values generates positive outcomes. Therefore, it is more important to be kind, polite and respectful because by exercising these moral values, good outcomes are guaranteed. Utilitarianism teaches that the outcome of an action determines its moral value as evident from the students changed behavior. The social contract theory holds that individuals willingly give up a portion of their freedom in exchange for protection of their rights (Rousseau and Cole 72). The students in the movie give up a portion of their freedom that allows them to perpetuate violence, racism and other evil deeds. The best theory to operate under the given moral issue in the movie would be the natural law t
As the Coronavirus spreads around the world, countries take measures to limit its expansion. Migrant-Rights.org (2020) reports that some of the GCC states have already “banned the entry of nationals from several origin countries.” This step is believed to protect citizens from getting infected and deter the spread of the Covid-19. However, I believe that such restrictions could negatively influence the economics of the countries. Moreover, the majority of blue-collar workers in the region cannot afford to stay at home and stop working, as they have to earn money to survive. Is it possible to save economics and keep the restrictive measures at the same time? Gulf Business (2020) notes the impact of Covid-19 on mobility in the Gulf countries and announces that Google has revealed the reduction in mobility in the region. First, the restrictions influenced the attendance of parks as well as retail and transit segments. The pharmacy and grocery segment and residential mobility are least impacted. In my opinion, these measures are essential despite possible economic consequences. It is a difficult task for all countries now to balance economic and health interests. Is it the right time to allow people to go out? The Washington Post (2020) reports that Oman, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates have eased restrictions due to Ramadan. This step led to the rise in the number of people tested positive for Covid-19. I consider that this should serve as an example of what can happen if all countries lift restrictions. Obviously, it is too early for some countries to override a lockdown, and it is better to wait until the situation with the Coronavirus improves. What is the right policy during the pandemic? According to Al Arabiya English (2020), Oman has closed its borders and decided to put all people entering the Sultanate on quarantine. It has closed all public places, banned public gatherings, including funerals and weddings. Moreover, cruise ships are not allowed to dock in Oman’s ports anymore. It has also been reported that the state has suspended tourist visas. In light of recent events, this strategy seems to be reasonable and justified. Can a lockdown be lifted in the GCC countries, or is it too early? Oxford Business Group (2020) also communicates about the relaxation of restrictions in the GCC states. Dubai has lifted a strict lockdown and allowed restaurants and shopping centers to work at 30% capacity. The government of Saudi Arabia is easing curfews in regions. On May 6, Qatar allowed entrance to Doha’s Industrial Area with certain limitations. I believe that it may be a short-sighted step to ease restrictions now as it can result in the rise in infections. Is it safe to lift the restrictions and allow internation
Introduction As a start, we thought it was necessary to involve all stakeholders in the field of children’s development and education. Throughout the learning years of a child, the government agencies have to certify the educational materials and tools. We had to find the steps needed to authorize the start and continued development on the jumping rope. Implementation Plan We placed children and parents in one group because we discovered that most parents wanted something that would benefit their children. The children were still too young to make strong views. But the project involved them in sampling the colors, the appropriate design, and the best way to make the counters for their easier access. It was fruitful because we discovered that if we did not do this, we would have brought a product that would not rhyme with their needs. The parents acknowledged their children’s choices and asked for a quicker introduction of the product into the market (“Learning and Educational Toys” par. 3). The teachers and child therapists were in another group. We believed that they both contributed immensely toward the child’s mental and physical growth. They were critical in identifying needs and opportunities. Upon deciding to create the jumping rope that kept records of the jumps, we embarked on the project development. The jumping rope would have counters that produced different ring tones for single jumps with names inserted, incorrect jumps, and unmet jump goals. After collecting information from the intended market and the educational assistants, we decided to come up with the prototype (Magee 360). It was the most voted for color first for girls, and another for boys. Then we mixed the colors for both sexes. The launch preparations are in top gear. All the consultants and the people involved in the sampling have to work together in the promotion of the product. The three most important channels to use for the promotion are the Disney Channel, Discovery Kids, Nickelodeon, and Cartoon Network. A cartoon figure from the Cartoon Network would be an appropriate celebrity for the kids (Beckerleg 270). To promote the sales, we would create events where the kids can play with our toy while their parents observe them. During such moments, we can make formal interactions amongst the parents to get acquainted with their likes and dislikes and in the end, make them buyers of the product (Marshall 118). A better place to hold such events could be in kids’ gyms, schools, and parks. We learned that the jumping rope market is not very competitive (“Youth Population Projections” par. 1). There are only two major suppliers. And yet they do not have variety. Our product is exceptional and exceeds the market expectation. Our only worry is on the pricing. The two companies sell their jumping ropes at a cheap price. Ours has value additions, and we would use this as an advan
What is American literature and what makes it unique? Find the answer here! This American literature essay gives the definition of the term and focuses on its characteristics: history, authors, periods, and themes. American Literature Definition American literature refers to the body of written or literary works shaped in the history of the United States and its former colonies ( britannica.com ). Tracing back America’s history, America was once under the rule of Britain as part of the latter’s colonies therefore its literary institution is associated to the expansive tradition of English literature. However, American literature is now considered a separate course and institution because of its one of a kind American characteristics and the production of its literature. This paper aims to present an extended definition on the meaning of the term American Literature. The paper will discuss the background of American Literature and how it has came about, the writing style of American authors and what makes the American text different and unique from other national literatures and lastly the paper will present arguments which explore the concept of American literature. The History of American Literature Before Columbus and other European colonizers discovered the Americans, the native peoples of the continent have no written alphabet but they expressed their artistic talents and passed on knowledge of their traditions in the form of chants, songs and spoken narratives. Contrary to the popular Western understanding of literature that they must be principally a result of written words, scholars considered these verbal genres which include trickster tales, jokes, naming and grievance chants, and dream songs, among others as “literary” because they embody the creative and arousing retorts of the people to their Native culture (Baym, Franklin, Gura, Krupat and Levine). When the Americas was colonized by different empires namely the Spanish, French, Portuguese, Dutch, German and English kingdoms, the primary role of writing was to pressure policy makers at these overseas colonies’ home base to rationalize actions taken without their precise consent, or bearing witness to the straight and unintentional cost of European invasion of the Americas. Writing also documented the dreadful effects of European colonization of the Americas where the unintentional contamination of Old World diseases such as small pox, measles and the like to the Natives and the enslavement of the latter for plantation labour gave strong reactions toward from the public. Also during the early occupation of the Americas, writing gave opportunities to people who were not born to a life of privilege but were in favour of merit, talent and effort to reshape the possibilities of their life such as Diego del Castillo and John Smith. In the 15 th century New England had a publishing edge over other colonies with Boston’s size in terms of population driven in producing Puritan literature together with the establishment of Harvard University in 1636 which operates with an independent college and printing press. Thou
Introduction The (Caretta caretta) loggerhead sea turtle is the species of oceanic turtle which is spread all over the world and belongs to the Cheloniidae family. Adults measure an average of 90 centimeters in the carapace length (Blasi & Mattei, 2017). Its normal weight is 135 kilograms although there are bigger species whose weight is more than 450 kilograms. Its skin color ranges from yellow to brown and the shell is naturally reddish-brown (Blasi & Mattei, 2017).When they are young, there are no external differences in sex until they become mature when adult males develop thicker lower shells and thicker tails than their female counterparts. The turtles are mostly found in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans and the Mediterranean Sea (Blasi & Mattei, 2017). Most of their time is spent in estuarine habitats and saltwater, although the females come ashore to lay eggs. Figure 1: Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) Loggerhead Turtle. The Caretta Caretta have a low rate of reproduction, where females lay approximately four clutches of eggs after which they become inactive without reproducing for two to three continuous years (Blasi & Mattei, 2017). The turtles have a lifespan of 47 years and they reach maturity when they are between 17 and 33 years (Blasi & Mattei, 2017).They are omnivorous animals that majorly feed on the invertebrates that live on the bottom of oceans. They have powerful jaws which help them to catch and dismantle their prey without much struggle. They have dorsals that are in the shape of the heart and its width is 76 to 86% of their actual body length (Blasi & Mattei, 2017).The carapacial scutes are hard and tough but thin with scales. The hatchlings are dark-brown with pale-brown dorsal and the lower shells are paler (Blasi & Mattei, 2017).The young loggerheads are prone to several sea predators and the eggs are susceptible to the terrestrial organisms that feed on them. Figure 2: Geographical Regions for Loggerhead Turtle Habitation. When they become adults, their formidable body sizes protect them from being preyed on by large sea animals such as sharks. The International Union for Nature Conservation regards the animal species as endangered because of the numerous potential threats (Blasi & Mattei, 2017). Most loggerheads die due to unintended fishing by large trawlers. Caretta is broadly distributed in the coastal subtropical and tropical waters which has temperature ranges of between 16 and 20°C (Bolton & Witherington, 2019). This type of species prefers wandering between the boundaries of the warm currents and the temperate waters. Marine scientists suspect that the creatures take long migrations in the warm currents, especially in the California Cur
Introduction Socrates and Agathon were in deep dialogue trying to define love. Ultimately, they agreed that love must have an object and that the object must be in short supply and beautiful, or amusing. In their dialogue, they asserted that love desires and is always in want of beautiful and praiseworthy things; for it triumphs in happiness and wanes in sadness. In their view, love does not desire emptiness or ugly things because it has to adore something or beautiful things. Therefore, Socrates presumed that love is a god of beautiful and marvelous things only. However, Diotima disputed this view because gods own both beautiful and ugly things. According to Rouse, Diotima views love as one of the spirits that mediate between human beings and gods, and mortal and immortal things (98). Diotima argues that love is the offspring of gods of Plenty and Poverty and that is why he (love) desires beautiful things for his father is Plenty, and he dwells in want because his mother is Poverty. Therefore, Diotima views love as a continuum of beautiful and ugly things that human beings desire to achieve and attain happiness. Love of Beautiful Things Since love is always in want and seeks to achieve beautiful things, it has compelled human beings to strive for beautiful things. Human beings struggle to achieve beautiful things that they lack in life, and in so doing they obtain happiness. Hence, human beings are in love with beautiful and smashing things for they need happiness. It can be conclusive to say that, all human beings are lovers of beautiful and praiseworthy things, but human needs and means of achieving these things vary from one lover to another. Diotima asserts that human beings always desire to have beautiful and pleasurable things, and this constitutes love (Rouse 101). Human beings are willing to sacrifice themselves to obtain their desires, since love is always wanting and pursing nifty things. Diotima adds that one tends to view own property as valued while views another’s property as worthless because his/her love seeks fair and beautiful things only. Viewing love to have a lack of healthy and beautiful things is contrary to the common view that love is generous. In the perspective of common view, Diotima’s view begs a question that, how can love be generous yet wanting at the same time. Given that love pursues courteous and beautiful things, a human being use various approaches to satisfy his/her unique needs that love compels him/her to obtain in life, for it is always lacking. Since love seeks to obtain decent and beautiful things, immortality is one of the things. Diotima argues that, the process of pursuing and expressing love is divine as human beings are pregnant in body and soul, yearning to immortalize themselves through procreation. Women are pregnant in the body, for they desire to immortalize their existence and live happi