ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Companies that want to succeed should expand their business operations continuously and formulate new strategies depending on the forces recorded in the global market. This initiative is essential since different regions or countries will tend to have unique factors that can either affect or promote performance. A proper understanding of different models for entry and marketing will eventually deliver positive results. Yeo Valley is an English company that markets different dairy products, including milk, ice cream, and yogurt. The selected developed country for consideration is the United States while the developing one in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to propose the best market entry strategies for the two foreign markets. Market Analysis: Macro-Environment for the United States Yeo Valley has remained a family-managed business for many years. Its products and brands are grouped under butter, cream, milk, and yogurt ( Farmer-owned Arla Foods and Yeo Valley announce partnership on liquid milk, butter, and cheese 2018). As it plans to expand its operations outside the United Kingdom, there is a need to consider the market situations and possible issues that can either affect or support performance. With a proper analysis of each possible destination, Yeo Valley’s leaders can make timely decisions and ensure that the investments deliver positive results and eventually make the corporation successful. Political The United States is a democracy with a president as the head of government functions. The country’s elections are usually transparent and fair. A stable political climate has been in place for many years. The preferable conditions have attracted foreign direct investment and economic development (Elson 2019). Policy issues and laws are always taken seriously. Economic The U.S. has favorable conditions that promote economic development. The presence of some of the leading multinational corporations in this country means that various factors can improve business performance. Many American companies outsource most of their activities and services. Its GDP has been increasing significantly (see Figure 1). In 2017, this country’s GDP stood at around 19.4 trillion US dollars (Elson 2019). The GDP per capita during the same period was recorded at 59,531 million US dollars (Elson 2019). The projected GDP for 2019 is around 21.4 trillion US dollars (Elson 2019). These aspects reveal that it can be a good destination for international business. Figure 1: United States GDP (Council of Economic Advisors 2019). Social This county has a population of over 327 million citizens (Elson 2019). The number of elderly people has been increasing very fast. Many people are unable to offer an adequate supply of labor. The U.S. has established healthcare and education systems that meet the needs of the people. Many citizens are conscious when it comes to the issues of food, culture, and terminal illnesses (Elson 2019). According to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions model, c
Facts Barkley was a minor and acted as an agent of Charles, the father. This is because he was allowed to transact for the business on the father’s behalf. He entered into negotiations with Chetum about repair and maintenance and later he signed a contract on the same. Previously, Charles, the father assigned Barkley a duty of renewing licenses. Chem who is a new customer to the business entered into a contract with Barkley on the belief that he is in the position of authority. Barkley signs an agreement with Chetum and accepts a cheque from the customer. Barkley sends the plumper who is one employee to Chetum to perform part of the contract. The plumper discovers the problem and decides that it’s impossible to continue but Barkley gives him a directive to continue with the task after consulting Chetum. An injury occurs to the tenants of Chetum. Later Knarnels discovers from his son that there is a contract with Chetum to maintain his buildings and which has been partly performed. Charles decides to terminate the contract. Chem sues for a breach of contract. Legal Issues Involved Can Chetum successfully sue for a breach of contract? Can he successfully sue for torts of negligence against the plumber? Which is the preferred way of terminating the contract? What damages will Chetum recover for breach of contract? Definition of legal terms   * Contract: A contract is an agreement between two or more persons who have the intention of creating legally binding obligations. For a contract to be valid it must consist of an offer and acceptance, the party to it must have a contractual capacity, there must be a consideration, a genuine consent, an intention to create legal relation, and lastly must be lawful. In law, it’s presumed that every person is competent to enter a contract except a given class of people either because of their age, status, or mental instability (Redfern, 2004). A contract becomes void, voidable, or unenforceable if one or both parties to the contract lack contractual capacity. Therefore for a person to claim exemption from liability on the ground of incapacity must prove this fact, otherwise, in the absence of this proof, he will be liable on the contract (Brillinger, 2006).   * An infant or minor: These are persons who have not attained the legally required age to enter into a contract. The infants’ contracts are gove
One of the counseling theories that align with the needs of a client with ADHD is the cognitive theory. The theory is based on the assumption that an individual suffering from a mental condition experiences certain negative thoughts that influence his or her emotional state (Beck & Haigh, 2014). This phenomenon, known as automatic thoughts, covers the individual’s self-assessment, the perception of the environment, and the ability to make decisions about the future (Corey, 2015). According to the common approach, the possibility to reflect on automatic thoughts usually results in their re-evaluation, which is more realistic and, in most cases, less negative. The counselor is thus expected to assist the self-reflection and guide it in the direction that promises the most favorable outcome as well as raise the client’s awareness of the effect and, by extension, enhance his or her self-sufficiency (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2016). The theory often used for the treatment of depression and anxiety as well as any condition associated with patterns of negative thinking. In the client’s case, the theory can be implemented through several sessions during which specific situations will be identified that have a negative effect on client’s life. The scenario will then be analyzed in order to identify the core cause of the challenge as well as the falsely attributed side-effects. Finally, tactics will be assigned to each major issue that would help the client to reframe his perception and manage the situation. Considering the theory’s focus on thinking as a determinant of behavior, it would be reasonable to identify the following goals:   * Improved self-esteem in terms of academic achievement (the increased confidence in school performance and the ability to accomplish tasks given by the teachers);   * Overall improvement in the quality of life (the improved positive perception of the environment, peers, teachers, and the new community). The first goal is expected to address the gaps in academic performance associated with ADHD. According to the available information, the client is unable to concentrate on a specific task for a long time and is rarely attentive during the lessons. However, he occasionally displays above-normal results in some disciplines. Since there is no system to the tendency, it would be reasonable to attribute the outcome at least partially to the fact that he is aware of his underperformance and, as a result, is discouraged by it. As is common in such scenarios, he is subject to at least one mental distortion, such as mental filtering (in which he remembers the negative results associated with his efforts and ignores the positive ones) or mind reading (where Andres makes an inadequate estimation of others’ negative thoughts about him and holds the as objective reality) (Wells, 2013). The latter is especially relevant since the client also undergoes treatment
Professional Service Firms In the current competitive business world, professional service firms have realized that it is vital to attract, recruit and maintain top talent. These firms recruiting business school graduates ensure that they compete effectively with other companies like investment banks. The business school graduates are used to develop the firm’s clientele relationship, talent base and intellectual property. The business school graduates are mentored through various programmes and then used to establish an increasing flow of talent that becomes a worthy surround: high quality group, exciting opportunities and rapid career development. It is also clear that the various professional service companies have understood the importance of controlling talent and team building. Service firms in United Arab Emirates Some of the companies using both the strategy of focus and differentiation and strategy of focus and overall cost leadership include: Geokinetics, Gyrodata, Ernst and Young, Gartner, Deloitte Consulting, Computer Associates, Cognizant, Computer Science Corporation (CSC), Grant Thornton, Cameron, China Oilfield Service, Challenger LTD, Alix Partners, Arthur D. Little, Bain and Company, Booz and Company, Wipro Technologies, Sapient, Robert Half International, Milliman, Manpower, Core Laboratories. Inc, Logica, Mercer Consulting, Trican Well Services, Monitor Group, Omnex, Oliver Wyman, Egon Zehnder International and Global Intelligence Alliance, Geophysical Services and Flowserve. Globalization Globalization can be defined as the emergence of an international society whereby cultura
Brief Background Security has become a critical component of the United States government. The US Congress has enacted a myriad of statutes, which have been proposed for the establishment of security offices at the state, federal, and local levels on American soil. Key among these established offices in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which was established in 2003, with the particular objective of mitigating and managing threats of the security of the American citizens both within and without the country. Most of the developments that have been made concerning security changes were affected after the 9 / 11 terrorist bombing that targeted Americans. The attack resulted in the premature death of a large number of innocent Americans. Besides, it also instilled fear in the hearts of citizens. This attack proved to the government the vulnerability of the state concerning external threats, especially because, prior to the attack, the customary means of attack had been the use of military force as evidenced in the previous world war. The then-President Clinton noted, “It is increasingly likely that terrorist groups, or individuals with criminal intent, may use unconventional methods to disrupt the Nation’s critical infrastructure or use weapons of mass destruction (WMD) against our citizens. As these types of threats mature, it is necessary to prepare to deter them, prevent them from occurring, or, if need be, limit the damage to a minimum. Success is dependent upon possessing the capability for an integrated response having public/private partnerships in the case of critical infrastructure protection” (The White House: Office of the Press Secretary- Maryland, 1998) Consequently, President Clinton as well as other subsequent administrations have rigorously applied themselves to the fight against terrorism at the local, federal, and state level. This paper briefly reviews the current state of security, or rather status of the fight against terrorism, by specifically looking at terrorism from the perspective of security policies for large events. Key Stakeholders and their Opinion When considering a strategy of developing a federal security policy to counter-terrorism at large events, it is critical to begin by enumerating the relevant stakeholders and including their opinions on the same. The key stakeholders in the creation and implementation of such a policy would include the president, the congress, law enforcement, judges, and the state’s citizens. As far as American citizens are concerned, the government should be allowed to tap into the correspondence of people suspected of terrorism. An opinion p
The hospitality industry is very sensitive due to the nature of what it offers to its clients. The industry offers services to its clients which are intangible. The intangibility of services makes it very difficult to gauge the customer’s satisfaction (Kim, Cha, Knutson, & Beck, 2011). Customer satisfaction is the main role of any organisation that aims to remain in business. There exist two types of markets; business and consumer markets (Bowie & Buttle, 2004). Business markets refer to those that consist of corporations and organisations that purchase products and services and resell them to make profits. Others buy products and services to produce other products and services for sale. Consumer markets on the other hand are composed of customers who purchase products and services for personal consumption. The two types of markets differ in a variety of ways. Business markets are involved in complex processes before they are able to make a purchase decision. This results from the fact that the purchases involve large volumes of products and services as well as many people being involved in the decision making. In most cases, business purchases involve experts in the purchasing process. The involvement of experts means that the purchasing organisation will incur extra expenses. In business markets, there exist formal procedures in the decision making process. Evaluations of different perspectives of the process and feedback concerning the viability of the purchase are required to warrant the real purchase. The organisation size also makes a significant impact in the buying decision making. In large organisations, the decision making process passes through complex stages before approval. The complexity of the organisational structure also has a bearing in the way purchase buying behaviour. An organisation with many departments may take a longer time before arriving to a buying decision. Consumer markets on the other hand are simple and involve few people. Once the consumer has identified a need to be fulfilled and information regarding the various products available to meet the desired need, a less vigorous process of choosing the product ensues (McCabe, 2008). Compared to business markets, the consumer markets are to a lesser extent driven by price. On the contrary, brand of products is a bigger driving force in consumer markets. Stability of demand in consumer markets is high as compared to business markets that have volatile demand. This knowledge of how the two markets function is vital in designing marketing programs targeting the two markets. This is because the programs need to be tailor-made in order to accurately meet the specific needs of the two markets. James’ hotel mainly caters for organisations that hold conferences, exhibitions, meetings and incen
European Americans extension is shown by the movement of Euro-Americans via the continent heading to the pacific west and shaping the jungle for their needs. Their mingling with the tribes inhabiting the land brought many cultural changes. The West was presented as a land with no people ready for anyone. Western expansion brought about individualism, resourcefulness, independence and personal freedom. Euro-American migration to humanized regions rendered surprising cultural ecological deviations. Natives were affected by the disease outbreaks brought by newcomers and had no immunity against them. Some of the diseases were typhoid, cholera and small pox. The diseases led to death of many natives. Thus, the native population was reduced significantly. Intermarriages between the natives and the visitors also led to a rapid decline in their population. The intermarriages between traders and the native population led to a bleach in the culture of the native population, hence giving rise to new cultures which became common to both. The intercultural marriages helped to increase the level of cultural diversity in the West. In fact, the new cultures have been preserved up to date. Jones stresses ties regarding national analyzation and extension (Jones 23). The new occupants of the land utilized the land to increase the level of productivity through commercialized agriculture and industrial uses. Euro-Americans were quick to know the importance of owning property privately. In fact, they executed legal strategies of ensuring that legal property owners could not lose their property. They imposed new cultural ordering to the landscape by changing natural resources to commodities that could be sold or bought in the expanding global market. Indians were the first settlers. They hunted large roaming herds of buffaloes for their basic needs. On arrival, buffaloes were a trouble to Euro-Americans, but later they were a source of food and cash due to expensive skin. They hunted them to extinction, which meant a negative impact on the Indians as it was their source of food. The government tried to force the Indians to leave their hunting lifestyles and drift to government reservations, but they could not adopt to new ways of obtaining food. For example, the Cheyenne who used hunt on the Sand Creek reservation were massacred by white soldiers. However, they revenged later through killing some white people (Jones 30). This was a clear indication of social conflicts between the
America is a powerful country having the best Constitution. This country was considered to be the leader of righteousness striving to protect national and democratic values of the state. Nevertheless some aspects of the state law and Constitution are considered to be completely unfair in the attitude to the nationality of the country. According to the Declaration of the USA all people are equal and the main task of the government is to protect them and secure their rights. Still, a lot of people of African-American origin are subjected to cruel discrimination. Some students suffer humiliation at education institutions because of their race. According to the justice of the country the people of different races are to have the same civil rights as the Native Americans and the law reality should have been the same, though this aspect is not observed. Bill of Rights does not cover domestic violence laws. It is considered to be the social problem of Americans of the current century rooted several centuries ago. Present situation makes the society feel embarrassment and oppressiveness. Domestic violence is the result of the law system development. Many centuries ago this state was perceived on the level of private family life while the time has changed the situation and now it is the global problem of publicity. For example, in the state of Virginia the women have the right of injunction qualifying in case she is in danger of being assault. Is it fair to follow the law stating that if a woman did not certify her injuries she would not need any help and injunction? One more unfair aspect of the law side of the USA is considered to be Civil Disobedience connected with the wrong law-making system. Civil Disobedience is defined as the refusal of laws obedience aimed at making some changes or corrections in the law system of the country or governmental policy having non-violent character. The main purpose of this aspect is the promotion of unfair laws or their consequences. Thus, the example of the unfair law can be regarded that one concerning minorities position in the society who are refused to vote and suffer humiliation because of their weak social state. In this case the person who suffers unfair laws considers that the Constitution of the country is close to the evil and the law expresses ignorance to this person. It leads to social violence and national disorder. The state of the law-making system provided by the government is far from being perfect and Americans are completely aware of this fact. Certainly, the Constitution of the USA is considered to be excellent in terms of the native inhabitants of the country, though it is impossible to state the same about other nationalities living in the country. So, the analysis of the Constitution and Law system of the USA proved some unfair aspects causing global social problems. It is important to stress that Americans as many other nationalities suffer injustice and misunderstanding to the governmental formation providing the society with new laws. American rules and law aspects provide well being of
Paraguay is a country located in the southern part of America. It is part of Latin American countries. The country has a population of approximately seven million people, the majority of whom, about ninety percent are Roman Catholic Christians. The people speak Spanish and Guarani languages (Jermyn and Yong, 137). The country has flourished in Agriculture and has pleasant forest and wood resources. Paraguay has a rich history characterized by wars and military interventions. The Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia defined a political system in Paraguay, which has undergone various transformations to form its current political and leadership system. Paraguay has signed many bilateral and other relations agreements with its neighboring countries and other countries in the world. This is in effort of achieving political stability, economic growth, fight against narcotics and terrorism and other social evils in the region and the world at large. The United States on the other hand is a larger country located in the northern part of America. The country is more stable politically and economically when compared to Paraguay (Bowles, 2). With its resources and desire to invest, the US has also entered into a number of agreements with many countries. It also gives such countries political, financial and military support to enable them to achieve their goals, which also interests the US. The bilateral relation between Paraguay and the United States is one of these beneficial relations that has realized much accomplishments and is also likely to yield more benefits for both the two countries in the future. The start of the relation between Paraguay and the United States of America dates back to as early as 1845. The countries established the relationship so that they may meet their own interests. USA helped Paraguay in its domestic concerns while taking advantage of their president’s anti-communist stand in Latin America. Paraguay wanted the US to assist them in their security concerns. Paraguay’s president, Stroessner, felt that his government was threatened by communists and thus supported US’s security policies to solicit US’s support in maters of security and development. The US, on the other hand was interested in trade and investment in Paraguay. The relationship between these two countries was good between World War II and towards the end of 1970s. However, this relationship started wavering in the late 1970s due to a bridge of human rights and lack of political reforms. Stroessner’s dictatorial nature denied the citizens political and press freedom, an issue that America did not support (Mora and Cooney, 196). His gov