ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The success of a company depends on factors such as innovation, profit margins, and the quality of its services. A company can only remain competitive if it has competent and creative personnel. Many employees are motivated to work for companies that offer competitive benefit plans. Thus, a benefits package of a company can influence the kind of employees that it attracts. Consequently, a company that has a good benefits scheme is likely to motivate its workers. This paper discusses the benefit plan of an event-organizing company and the factors that influence the options in the benefit plan. Benefit Plan The company will provide the following benefits to its employees. First, all its employees will be entitled to health insurance. The employees will choose between the Health Maintenance Organization option and the Preferred Provider Organization option (Inc, 2010). “Employees who will choose the Health Maintenance Organization option will be expected to identify a primary physician who can direct them to other doctors in the Health Maintenance Organization network” (Inc, 2010). The company will pay a monthly premium of $100 for every employee under this option. The employees under this benefit scheme will be required to give a copayment. On the other hand, “the Preferred Provider Organization option will provide employees with multiple choices in terms of doctors and hospitals” (Inc, 2010). Furthermore, this option will enable employees to access doctors and physicians who are not part of its network (Inc, 2010). However, the company will only pay for outpatient services provided to employees. Employees will also pay additional medical fees. This option will cost the company $150 per employee. Second, the benefit plan will include a retirement savings scheme. In this option, employees will contribute 20% of their gross monthly income towards their retirement benefits. Additionally, the company will contribute an equivalent amount every month towards retirement savings. This option will cost the company $4,000 per month. Third, the company will offer two weeks paid vacation to junior employees and a maximum of three weeks to employees in senior management positions. It will also pay $250 for extra working hours. Factors Influencing the Options in the Benefit Plan A number of factors influence the aforementioned benefits. First, the company will adopt a standard health insurance plan for its employees as required by the law (Entrepreneur, 2010). It will also have a unique benefits package for vacation and extra working hours. These benefits will enable the company to attract the most competent person in the event-organizing industry. For instance, many event-organizing companies do not compensate their employees for extra working hours (Allen, 2010). Additionally, most companies only offer a maximum of two weeks for vacation. However, this company will offer a maximum of three weeks for a vacation to its senior employees. Second, the nature of competition in this business segment influences the options in the benefit plan. For instance, the success of an event-
Weick (1995) explained that the formulation of a new theory results in the emergence of several other theories that are mere approximations of the original theory (p. 385). He argued that most theories do not have strong ideas since their main ideologies have just been borrowed from other actual theories. He believes that those theories come about as a result of the lazy process of merely lifting an idea from a strong theory and applying a new set of data to it. Weick agrees with the idea of Sutton and Staw (1995) that a theory does not come about as something added by someone or transformed into a stronger theory by introducing graphics or other elements. He also explains that a theory cannot be imitated through a mere performance. Weick argues that most works that are said to be theories are only approximations of theories. He points out that these approximations follow four general directions. First, they broadly specify the kind of variables that should be considered, but they do not give the specifics on the relationships that exist among them. Secondly, an analysis of the concepts is provided for, but their relationships are not shown. Thirdly, a premature interpretation is made after a single observation with no further observations to consider other explanations. Lastly, there is a generalization in which a single entity summarizes two different variables and worse still does not attempt to show relationships. Weick argues that none of this is a strong theory and may only be used to further its development. For convenience, He argues that an author should mention this in writing. It is work, Weick (1995) acknowledges that Sutton and Staw made it clear to him that it is difficult for the beginner theorists to identify where their efforts yield theory and which of their efforts do not (p.387). The various forms that can be taken by methods bring about this difficulty. Sutton and Staw (1995) demonstrated the difference between works that had theories and others that did not contain them (p. 387). They admit that there is no clear cut between a strong and a weak theory. They, however, have an agreement on what does not constitute a strong theory. This includes data and hypotheses. They went on further to explain how these elements, among others, might be mistaken to be theory and yet they are not. They, however, tried to show how authors could avoid such mistakes so that the readers may not view their work as not having enough theory. They also discussed how journals might be useful in producing theories that hold a strong idea or argument (Sutton and Staw 1995, p. 389) Sutton and Staw argue that authors who are willing to write strong theories usually begin by reading a wide range of literature that tries to elaborate on what an argument is and to give the difference between a strong and a weak theory. Another barrier that faces organizations is
Guanine, Thymine, Adenine, and Cytosine; no matter what order they appear in, these are the elements of change in the human body that make every one of us unique, yet similar in so many ways. As humans, we have always been interested in genetics. Merriam-Webster defines genetics as the scientific study of how genes control the characteristics of plants and animals. That is precisely what we have been trying to do for the last hundred years or so. Having control of our genes was thought to be a way to make our society prevail against any unwanted characteristics. Around 1920, this idea became popularized in the form of eugenics. The eugenics movement resulted in the deaths and sterilizations of thousands of people. Today, the scientific community has started to experiment with genetics again through gene therapy. The eugenics movement has positively influenced gene therapy. The mistakes made during the movement have taught scientists to be more careful when dealing with something so delicate as genetics. Francis Galton was the first person to call his idea eugenics. His idea of eugenics did not start as severely as it ended. It was originally supposed to improve humanity through childbirth. Of the two types of genetics, positive and negative, Galtonian eugenics was labeled positive. Unlike negative eugenics, whose goal is to eliminate people with unwanted =characteristics, positive simply encouraged healthier people to reproduce as much as they could. Positive eugenics was meant to increase the population of healthy people (those with likable characteristics). Encouraging healthy people to have more children was not an issue. The issue was what constituted healthy vs. unhealthy(unhealthy was usually called degenerate). Those considered degenerate were sometimes what we would nowadays consider normal. Simple things such as masturbation, sexual promiscuity, mental illness, epilepsy, crime, and “idiocy” would instantly label a person degenerate. How would society handle these degenerate people so that the majority of the population would be ‘normal’? The answer was either to kill them or take away their ability to have more degenerate babies. The Model Law, created by Harry Laughlin, was published in 1914 and allowed eugenical sterilization. Ten years later, approximately three thousand people were sterilized, legally, and without their consent, due to the Model Law. Those who could be sterilized included anyone in a public institution and those who were deaf, deformed, blind, dependent on others, orphans, homeless, tramps, and the feebleminded. It was thought that these unwanted traits were passed on genetically. So, if someone was deaf or deformed, it was thought that his or her children would be as well. Carrie Buck took her case up to the United States Supreme Court. The case of Buck v. Bell took place in 1927. Carrie was the first person chosen for sterilization. She was a seventeen-year-old girl
Introduction Definition of handover “Clinical handover involves the transfer of professional responsibility and accountability for some or all aspects of care for a patient or group of patients to another person on a temporary or permanent basis. Within medical imaging, this involves specifically a two-way information exchange that ensures the communication of relevant, accurate, timely, and concise information to medical imaging from a referrer or other clinical staff and the communication of information from medical imaging staff, back to referrers and other clinical staff” (Australian Medical Association 2006). Australia adopted this definition of handover from the UK’s National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) to guide medical imaging practices in Australia. Medical Imaging Error: Handover Diagnostic errors have become common in many areas of medicine. Such errors indicate a lack of adequate patient care during the provision of care services. For the last decades, physicians have experienced increasing cases of medical malpractices claims. In this respect, radiologists have become prone to such cases of medical negligence. Most cases relate to the failure of radiologists to diagnose patients properly. However, we have to note that past studies have shown that errors in medical imaging are multifactorial. Therefore, it is fundamental for radiologists to understand possible sources or causes of medical imaging error during diagnosis and elements of negligence that may result in legal proceedings. It is also necessary to identify and highlight errors during imaging processes to find interventions. This article focuses on errors in medical imaging concerning handover practices. Handover includes communication breakdowns, poor patient preparation, and poor handling of requests. Areas of concerns Radiologists have strived to keep the radiation levels as low as possible to reduce cases of radiation effects. In addition, old cases involving radiation burns are no longer the problems, which face medical imaging because it is difficult to imagine that an injury can result from modern imaging technology. Studies have demonstrated that problems in medical imaging result from interventions, which relate to medical imaging processes. In this case, the focus has been on the failure to diagnose or report a patient’s condition. Serious challenges have been communication problems, lack of follow-through, follow-up, and possible human errors instead of problems from the imaging machine. Medical imaging errors in Australia mainly relate to handover and poor communication during medical imaging processes. These errors occur during “the transfer of the patient to or from medical imaging, at the time of requesting medical imaging, and during communication of the diagnosis” (Hannaford et al. 2013). Patient preparation Ong and Coiera (2011) noted that there were risks in intrahospital transfers. They observed that there were errors in “the preparation and transfer of patients to medical imaging” (Ong and Coiera 2011). Consequently, these autho
The key business processes at BizCobber include the development of software tools for SMEs. The main tools developed by the company since its establishment is the Wealth Runner software tool, which enables the clients to budget their finances and keep track of their monthly spending. The company also provides business services through its IT software (About Us 2014). The business services offered by the company include budget analysis, banking analysis, marketing services, and human resource management. The company collects data and information provided by its clients, and it conducts business analyses that provide comprehensive information about the financial performance of the respective clients. BizCobber enhances the value of its services by providing clients with a software tool that enables them to feed data into their cloud system. The data is analysed by the business experts in the company, and they offer clients comprehensive information about the financial performance of their SMEs (Services 2014). The management services offered by BizCobber are free services for the clients, and this gives the company a competitive edge over its rivals. The core competencies of the company lie in the skills and knowledge possessed by the 15 employees. The IT department is in charge of developing software that makes it easier for clients to manage and save their data. The business management department has experts who can manipulate the data and provide the clients with meaningful information about their businesses. Bizcobber is essentially providing its clients with technology that helps them to eliminate the need to employ business analysts. Technology is a viable replacement of human assets in small businesses because it is cheaper and more effective in delivering the required results (Future Work 2014). BizCobber has identified the gap in technology for SMEs and is looking to harness the opportunity. List of References About Us 2014, Bizcobber . Web. Keung, J & Kwok, F 2012, “Cloud Deployment Model Selection Assessment for SMEs: Renting or Buying a Cloud”, Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC), 2012 IEEE Fifth International, pp.21,28, doi: 10.1109/UCC.2012.29. Web. Services 2014, Bizcobber . Web. Future Work 2014, IEEE Spectrum. Web.
The given presentation will primarily focus on a key figure of Italian Fascism, Benito Mussolini, and his overall impact on the establishment of fascist ideologies. The key argument of the presentation is to demonstrate that fascism emerged as a reactionary framework to communism, where the latter was aimed to empower the working class and the former to preserve the power of the ruling class. The main idea is that fascism adopted several core principles from both socialism and liberalism and created a mix, where one can have full control over a nation by directing any hostility from the public outwards, unlike communism directing at the ruling class and liberalism directing at both state and other groups in the nation. He can be considered as a prominent figure and representation of what Italian fascism is in practice and what type of regime the political and ideological framework establishes. In other words, he views the concept as comprehensive, which means it has both spiritual and practical elements. Mussolini defines fascism by stating: “Like all sound political conceptions, Fascism is action and it is thought; action in which doctrine is immanent, and doctrine arising from a given system of historical forces in which it is inserted, and working on them from within. It has, therefore, a form correlated to contingencies of time and space; but it also has an ideal content which makes it an expression of truth in the higher region of the history of thought” (Mussolini, 1932). Mussolini states the demonstrated quote to highlight the universalism of fascism, which absorbs the achievements of previous eras, in which other ideologies dominated, replacing each other due to insurmountable contradictions. Fascism takes the best of them and rejects those elements that have led previous doctrines to decline. For example, from socialism, the fascists adopt the collective principle in the management of the state, they do not deny trade unions that unite people to solve their problems, but at the same time, fascism rejects the class struggle and atheism, as well as the democracy of the majority of the people (Bosworth, 2007). From liberalism, fascism adopts the freedom of the individual, but only such freedom that does not contradict the freedom of the state, that is, fascism stands for the freedom of the state, only within which the freedom of the individual can be exercised (Duiker, 2015). Fascism fiercely rejects the liberal principle of non-interference of the state in the economy, only the state, according to Mussolini, can resolve all contradi
Introduction Agile methodology is one of the most unique methodologies used by organizations to undertake a project. The agile principles are based on organizing processes into smaller, self-organized, autonomous, and team-based sprints. Any organization is required to undertake an audit of its financial statements. Internal audit teams are required to perform regular audits within the organizations. In recent times, digitization has revolutionized the way conventional activities are undertaken within an organization. A prominent concept that has come with the digitization of organizational processes is the induction of agile methodologies in Auditing. Objectives of Agile Auditing Agile Auditing builds upon the fundamentals of the agile approach by allowing internal audit teams to focus on the needs of stakeholders. Furthermore, it helps increase the speed of audit cycles, improve the scope of the audit, and create efficiency in the audit process (Mkoba & Marnewick, 2020). The main objective of agile Auditing is to create a system of continuous audits that is timely and involves all the stakeholders. The collaboration and interaction between the various stakeholders, processes, and tools are important in Auditing. It is important to understand that organizations have to deal with market disruptions and a dynamic business environment. As a result, internal audit teams are usually unable to predict the changing nature of organizations. Another objective of agile Auditing is the integration of software tools and proper documentation. Agile auditing methods, therefore, allow internal Auditing to be undertaken continuously without the need to define requirements explicitly. The flexibility of the agile principles makes the audits respond to changes easily. As a result, the audits undertaken provide credible and reliable audit results. Difference between Agile Auditing and Typical Agile SDLC The agile audit approach is adapted from software engineering principles. One of the most popular software development life cycle (SDLC) methodologies include the waterfall and agile approaches. The waterfall is traditional and uses step by step flow of activities. On the other hand, agile SDLC methodology is based on short sprints which adjust to changes in the requirements of the software. Agile project management includes scrum and Kanban implementations. The conventional business processes typically follow the traditional business process (TBP) model. The TBP model follows a sequential flow whereby the business process execution is planned, and it follows a given set of steps. One of the business processes that have made use of TBP is Auditing. The internal auditors can examine the organization’s financial books through a detailed and sequential audit plan. However, the main challenge with this approach is that the audit r
Intro It is necessary to mention that Wal-Mart had to deal with a channel conflict in 2005, and the decision that was made by the company can be regarded as incredibly efficient and has helped to address this issue. The problem that occurred is that core telephone suppliers had to revise their strategies all the time and were competing at that time. The issue that needs to be noted is that many suppliers had to reduce prices of their products, and it has resulted in less profit (Hittt, Black, & Porter, 2009).The decision to separate products in particular groups that are aimed at different consumers was an efficient choice in this case and has helped the company to resolve the conflict. Discussion It is a responsibility of the retailer to find the best possible solution in such situations, and cooperation is of utmost importance most of the time. Also, it is paramount to understand that it is necessary to provide suppliers with a range of benefits to address such issues because it may help the enterprise to get a significant competitive advantage. It is understandable that a company may have to deal with several difficulties when manufacturers provide products that are incredibly similar and it is necessary to come up with various approaches because it could lead to severe consequences in some cases. The fact that it is one of the biggest retailers also played a vital role because the company was able to get an excellent position on the market, and the overall goal is to receive the most profit (Bloom & Perry, 2001). Another core aspect that should not be overlooked is that the enterprise takes advantage of the fact that manufacturers make a significant percentage of their sales through this retail channel. They may be forced to sign deals that would be beneficial for Wal-Mart ( Putting screws to suppliers means big cash for Wal-Mart , 2010). However, the company is determined to build long-term relationships with its partners, and it is one of the core aspects that have led to such tremendous growth over the years. It is imperative to note that a company like Wal-Mart wants to ensure that its suppliers are reliable because any issues may affect the experience of the consumers, and it is an aspect that is highly valued by the enterprise. Another aspect that is worth noting is that it has access to enormous amounts of information and knowledge because it operates all over the global and the company can use such data to develop approaches that would be the most useful and channel power is also increased as the result (Govindarajan & Gupta, 2009). The fact that the company has invested many resources into information technologies also needs to be discussed, and the enterprise can determine possible sales and how they would be affected by differences in price (Perner, n.d.). Also, it is imperative to understand that the data that is available on social media and the Internet is collected and analyzed, and it is possible to get a better unders