ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Play, games, and sport have remained prevalent in the contemporary world. As a matter of fact, different communities or cultural groups would practice these activities for various reasons. Among other things, the general purpose of these activities is mainly to enhance the cultural norms and values of the communities associated with them. The sport activities of any group are of great significance, since they help in reaffirming or transgressing the cultural patterns of that particular group. This article describes a sport or leisure activity within a particular group whereby the following aspects are keenly observed: the nature of the sport, its history within the group, the participants, the audience involved, elements of the activity that would tend to contravene prevailing attitudes, and finally, what the activity suggests about the self-perception of the group which practices it. The Bamboo Pole Dance, commonly practiced by the Li people of China has been chosen for this assignment. Bamboo Pole dance is a popular sport among the Li people. In this type of sport, people jump and dance systematically between bamboo poles that are placed parallel to each other, and which are held from either side by eight people. The poles are slammed together to match the rhythm of the accompanying tune which serves as a guide to both the pole holders and the dancers. Meanwhile, the dancers jump between the sticks as they display all kinds of elegant moves. The holders of the poles can shift from one position to another to change the height of the poles, thus exposing the dancers to different height levels. In so doing, they make the dance either easier or more challenging to the dancers. The main trick of the game is to have the dancers’ feet get trapped between the poles. On the other hand, victory can be realised when one successfully makes their way through the puzzle. Losers are politely dismissed from the dance, while those who emerge victorious are lifted up to the jubilation of the audience. The Bamboo Pole Dance was started by the Li people of China. As it would be observed, the dance was originally known as ‘Ka Ge’ in the community’s dialect. The Li people, like other communities used dance and music to accompany their many chores in the fields and also when performing traditional rituals. There is no doubt that the Bamboo Pole dance was the most adorable sport activity among this group of people. This elegant traditional activity would be performed whenever people came together for significant events. Initially, the dance was only meant for the men. Those times, the role of the women was to hold the poles for their male counterparts to dance. This, however, has changed over the years, and today, both men and women can directly take part in the dance. In this respect, people of all ages can compete with each other to maneuve
Problem Statement For a long time, there have been unending problem of high nurses turnover in the General Surgical Floor. Previously, several efforts have been made in the attempt to decrease this turnover without yielding the desired results. Moreover, there have been some strategies that have been implemented in the hospital with aim of helping to increase retention of the healthcare staff at the facility. However, all these efforts have been implemented in vain. As a result of the persisted staff turnover, the services have been jeopardized due to insufficient professional nurses in the General Surgical Floor. For instance, there have been delays in service delivery and continued inconsistency in providing basic services to customers. According to Abbasi and Hollman (2000), the nurse new rate is reckoned to be periodical; many nurses that have been already registered leave their positions as it seems to be rather difficult for them to handle the working stress connected with the given position. Therefore, it is relatively important to craft both reactive and proactive measures to curb the ever-increasing turnover rate and instead provide ample environment that encourages retention of nurses’ in General Surgical Floor. Therefore, it is important that new ways are sort to reverse the dilapidating working conditions and environments at the workplace to are the cause for increased staff turnover. These measures should not only reduce the staff turnover but they should also be geared towards increasing retention rate. Research Questions  1. What are some of the reasons why nurses’ turnover rate is high in the General Surgical Floor?  2. What are the possible solutions that can be done by the management to increase nurse retention? Aim of the Study The aim of this study is to establish the causes and implications of nurse turnover and how their retention can be achieved in General Surgical Floor. Research Methods The study is to employ primary research in order to collect primary data from stakeholders at General Surgical Floor. In addition, secondary sources of information such as journals and books will also be used to understand the best portfolio visions to apply in situations similar to that of General Surgical Floor. Portfolio of Visions on How to Decrease Turnover and Increase Retention of Nurses in General Surgical Floor Every step should always be thought over in any kind of business plan and in any action, actually. It is very important, especially when one plans it to be successful. In order to develop a mechanism that is capable of decreasing turnover and at the same time increasing retention rate of nurses in general Surgical Floor, there is need to develop a portfolio of visions. According to Shrivastava (1993), these visions must be shared amongst stakeholders, they must also be capable of developing and testing authentic mental models and more importantly, they should a appreciate systems thinking. For that matter, the portfolio
Policing in Early America Early American settlers and colonists used social control to police themselves. With the population of several thousand, such methods as physical punishment, humiliation, and shunning made more sense that a paid police force (Bucqueroux, 2007). Southern “slave patrols” were aimed at slavery institution enforcement. Unlike the northern civil law enforcement system that took its root from that of the English, southern slave codes were used for protection of the white population from supposedly dangerous slaves (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Albeit notorious for their focus on the interests of the wealthy, private agencies were efficient in crime prevention. Competing with each other, agencies like Pinkerton, Rocky Mountain, and Wells Fargo fought railroad and bank robberies. The adoption of technology by the police both improved the ways in which the officers fought crime and created a gap between them and the community. The mentality of the 1930s and 1960s can still be visible today. Policing Post 9/11 Members of the counterterrorism bureau started by the New York City Police Department were trained in disaster control. The Department of Homeland Security was created with a mission of terrorism and disaster prevention, border protection, and public security. The NYPD’s Operation Atlas was a program focused on street and landmark patrolling as a precautionary measure (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). The PATRIOT Act gives the police the right to search, arrest, confine, and eavesdrop for the sake of terrorism prevention ( Uniting and Strengthening America, 2013). Such actions can create a threat to citizens’ freedom and privacy. However, in the wake of 9/11, these breaches can be justified. The international criticism has caught the police in the epicenter of a conflict: they have to perform antiterrorism-related duties and cope with the social disapproval of their practices. This disagreement resulted in social unrest, which complexified the police’s task. Different Agencies As metropolitan agencies are bigger, they operate on a larger territory and are governed by municipalities. Other than that, local and metropolitan agencies perform similar functions associated with law enforcement: patrolling, crime prevention, investigation, and order maintenance (Dempsey & Forst, 2016). Rural areas are sometimes forced to depend on city-based agencies, which presents a serious threat to the public safety in such locations. Urban areas do
Organizational objectives & total compensation in different markets Total compensation entails extrinsic and intrinsic rewards that staffs get for carrying out responsibilities and duties given to them by an organization (Martocchio, 2009). Several laws affect the total compensation of staff in federal contracts. These include the laws of the labor market which are external to the business as well as the organizational policies that are internal to the business. One of the laws that affect the total compensation of workers entails the American fair employment standard regulation Act . This law is frequently referred to as the remuneration and hour regulation law. It provides conditions that influence total compensation. These include overtime payment, minimum salaries, and wage rate. The minimum salary condition provided under the American fair employment act provides that the minimum salary that should be compensated to an employee to be approximately 7.25 dollars per hour. This law was approved in May 2005 and implemented in July 2009. However, currently, states are setting and implementing their minimum salaries due to the failure of the American Congress to transform the minimum salary rank reasonably. Another law that may affect employees’ total compensation is the living salary. This is an advancement from the minimum salary requirement due to transformations in the living costs. A living remuneration rate is the amount of money that an employee receives and be able to sustain himself and support his/her family above the legal poverty class. More than fifty local administration entities and companies have approved minimum living salary laws. These laws apply to construction corporations and other private businesses irrespective of the size of an organization (Martocchio, 2009). Moreover, the American fair employment standard act requires that non-exempt workers be compensated for overtime hours they work. Overtime entails any extra hours worked beyond forty hours in a week. Therefore overtime may influence the total compensation of employees depending on the number of hours worked as overtime. The American employment act also provides that workers are entitled to a wage rate of one and a half times their frequent wage rate. The frequency rate encompasses the hourly compensation rate in addition to other kinds of payments received b
Executive Summary Samsung and Apple Inc. are one of the leading companies in the field of Information Communication and Technology by manufacturing products that meet the needs of individuals in the digital era. Samsung, through their Samsung Galaxy Tablet and Apple through iPad 2 have brought tremendous impacts on the media and internet access for personal and business use. Despite the threats and opportunities that these companies have, they both have a bright future given the Information Technology industry is expected to grow with time. Introduction We are living in a progressive world. Ever since the early days of civilization up to the present moment, the world has undergone a lot of changes in terms of lifestyle and culture. Some of the notable changes that the world has experienced were the agrarian revolution during the 16 th and 17 th century that led to the industrial revolution in the 18 th and 19 th century. These revolutions brought about a lot of changes in the field of commerce and science with a view of making the world to be a better place for man through the sustainable use of resources. At the present moment, we are in a digital era. This has come about as a result of the advancement that the world has been experiencing in the field of information technology. This change has mainly been spearheaded with the invention of the computer and the internet, factors that have contributed greatly to globalization and e-commerce (Kaplan and Norton, 2010). The advancements in the field of Information Technology (IT) have modifies the manner in which businesses operate and people interact. This has played an important role in the emergence of social networks, brand communities, globalization, virtual organizations and e-commerce. Samsung and Apple Inc. are some of the companies that have
Epistemology is part of philosophy which majorly deals with knowledge. Epistemology tries to define the concept of knowledge by explaining its nature and how it comes about. Rationalism is quickly gaining popularity and it is one of the branches of epistemology. The proponents of rationalism argue that knowledge can be developed out of the past experiences or out of critical thinking. Several businesses and organizations are today depending on the application of reason and logic. They use them to develop strategies that can help them achieve their objectives. For example computer technology is currently relying on the use of logic in developing security systems. Computer security system deals with management of information. Management of information is very important due to increased number of cyber crimes and data corruption. Data security prevents an authorized people from gaining access to information illegally, but it allows the authorized individuals to access the information. There are several concepts that can be used in developing data security. However, the uses of security systems in computers are all dependent on the application of the concept of logic. The security system of a computer is based on preset access information (code) which a person must use in order to access the data. Therefore one should use the right access code in order to access the documents or information. Deductive and inductive logic are two elements of scientific rationality which are always applied by scientists in the following ways. They use them in identifying a problem (Bernstein, 1983). After that they carry out an observation and then make an interpretation of it. They then develop a hypothesis after which they draw a conclusion. Postmodernists argue that rationality does not provide explanations about what goes on in the world (Delanty & Strydom, 2003). However they all agree that the concept of logic can apply in a given model of instructions for example in the case of computer security. It is therefore possible for a person to apply the concept of logic without necessarily believing in postmodernists’ critiques (Delanty & Strydom, 2003). Most of the modern innovations are products of scientific research, yet some people continue to criticize the scientific concepts. Science tries to experiment on knowledge using empirical method. This method involves making observations and developing hypothesis after which a conclusion is made based on what is observed. Scientific methods have the advantage of giving evidence hence they can be proved. For example before anew product is launched in the market, a research is always conducted to determine its effectiveness (Delanty & Strydom, 2003). If this is ignored, the manufacture cannot have reliable information about his product. Scientific methods could also help various businesses that rely on technology to improve on their services. Fo
Abstract Multicultural diversity is a major area of concern, which is reflected in most functions of an organization, either positively or negatively. Multicultural workforce is an emerging trend growing at an alarming rate in many organizations worldwide. There are many implications that are associated with multicultural workforce in organizations, which forces managers to find appropriate measures to reduce the negative effects that result in cultural conflicts of organizations. Standard Chartered banks in the UAE have a multicultural workforce. Several challenges have been associated with multicultural workforce in Standard Chartered banks that the managers need to address to make sure that they do not compromise their relationship with employees and their customers. The banks have also a less appealing national outlook and need to improve. The case study used qualitative social research method to interview four workers selected from the bank. Their opinion helped to bring out the challenges that members from various cultures had to face in the bank. Discussion on findings is given in the case study and suggested solutions to the challenges are outlined. Therefore, this case study focuses on the effects of multicultural workforce in Standard Charted bank, and recommends the best solutions to curb the challenges and increase the performance of the bank. Introduction Cultural diversity in UAE has been on the increase in the last three decades. United Arab Emirates tops the chat globally on the percentage of migrant workers. Freedom of movement in UAE accounts for the high rate of diverse cultures that exists in almost every organization. There are various benefits and challenges these organizations encounter because of the cultural diversity. Inter-cultural play brought about by the forces of globalization has become a major issue among chief executives that manages these organizations in UAE. The increase in the number of workers that have foreign nationalities working in the UAE has resulted in the multicultural differences existing in various organizations. The benefits these organizations enjoy include, a robust workforce, a determined and organized workforce. However, the negative implication of cultural diversity can affect the benefits these companies enjoy. When the communication gap is not properly addressed, it would cause cultural barrier
Introduction Masculinity power dominated the movie industry during the late 20 th century. The movie industry used masculinity to depict heroism since many film stars such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bruce Willis, and many others were male. “The stress in these movies on physical size, strength, and the ability to use violence effectively suggested that masculine identity was being linked with the use of the body as an instrument of power and control…” (Mackinnon 290). The dominance of male stars in the movies and depiction of heroism from a masculine perspective has shaped perception of masculinity in the Western culture. To prop his argument, Kenneth Mackinnon analyzed movie genres, specific movies, and the film stars that provide vast evidences, which support the diversity of masculinity images that have shaped masculine identity in the Western culture over a long period. Movie Genres The action movies such as Raiders of the Lost Ark, Terminator, Die Hard, amongst other popular action movies promoted heroism by relying upon physical strength and power of masculinity. Action movies focus on the heroic abilities of the actors while overlooking issues of feminism, romance, marriage, and family. Mackinnon argues that, “if love for the family and female partners in romance is demonstrated and supported, that sort of love is less emotional engaging than the hero’s feelings for his sidekick” (291). In the action movies, heroic activities are paramount in that, other actions or feminine issues just complement the scope of the movie relative to reality. James Bond and John Rambo’s movies tend to portray that femininity affects masculinity, and thus weakens the status of heroism. When James Bond involved a woman in his movie, his heroic ability weakened as he sidelined heroic activities and focused on pleasure. John Rambo on the other hand limited his contact with women by staying in isolation to concentrate on the masculine powers that define Western heroism. In war films, male dominance reflects characteristics of competent soldiers with heroic qualities. The armed forces train boys to become soldiers by isolating them from females and making them undergo rigorous training that increases their masculinity to differentiate them from femininity. Typical soldier must focus on acquiring heroic skills and avoid external influences that are distractive. Slasher and Illness movies portray that masculinity is more vulnerable to violence and AIDS respectively as compared to femininity; hence, males experience many cases of death. The sports and comedy movies further illustrate the ideal masculinity in terms of fatherhood. Field of Dreams movie is not simply about baseball, “it involves a return to ideal fatherhood …the currently devalued father must be reclaimed, together with his caring life-giving power if men are to regain their potential” (Mackinnon 296). The New Bad Future movie shifts the idea of masculinity into the use of machines and technology. These movies tend to show masculinity as having the ability to tame and control the universe. Pornographic movies idealize
Introduction Google Incorporation is one of the largest internet-based companies in the world. The company’s headquarters is in California. The company deals in areas such as software vending, search engine, and internet marketing. In the recent past, the company has added cloud computing to its products line. The company has grown through product differentiation, acquisitions, and merges in the last ten years. The main competitors of Google are Yahoo, AOL, Microsoft, and LinkedIn, which have the ability to offer alternative perfect substitute to customers who may be unsatisfied with products offered by Google. The company successfully used flexible sourcing, retail distribution, and product focused differentiation to survive the impact of these competitors. As at the end of the year 2013, Google had the largest market share of 66.7% which was growth by 4% from 63.7% in the year 2010 (Gamble, Peteraf and Thompson, 2015). Google utilized retail distribution (software vending and internet marketing) in the recent past to further expand its presence in markets like Japan, China, and Europe. It applied product differentiation strategy to expand and position itself as search engine. Google’s scope of operations was characterized by online retailing of different internet based products targeting individuals, corporate, and government institutions across the globe market segments. For instance, Google created renowned brands for a number of products within its software vending service. Google applied a series of grand strategies such as concentration, market development, product development, vertical integration, market penetration, and online retail distribution strategies to expose its numerous products across the globe as the most competitive brand. For instance, Google managed to expand its markets outside North America within the first two years of inceptions besides launching a series of new products such as internet marketing and software vending across the globe. Strategic Issue Analysis of Google Incorporation Strategic Capabilities Google has a number of resources that have contributed to its success in the global market over the years. In order to ensure business sustainability, Google has concentrated the focused strategy through clear definition and targeting of specific market segment for its online based products. The strategies are achieved through provision of high quality and unique internet based products, effective distribution and secure network, individual internet user segment, and variety of the internet based products. Despite the success of these strategies, Google is threatened by its competitors with more or less similar approach in doing business within the Internet Information Providers industry. For instance, Yahoo, AOL, Microsoft, and LinkedIn threaten to reverse the gains that Google has made in the Internet Information Providers industry. Strategi