ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are many reasons people may like the movie The Pursuit of Happyness, and the fact that it is based on a true story should never be neglected. In addition to a perfect cast and crew, including Will Smith, Jaden Smith, and Thandie Newton, its director, Gabriele Muccino, succeeded in discussing urgent topics and using adequate music background. The struggle of Chris Gardner to survive in this world financially and emotionally is a core theme in The Pursuit of Happyness that proves the correctness of choice to sit and watch the movie. In the modern world, people may be challenged by a variety of factors like their relationships, jobs, community responsibilities, or health. The Pursuit of Happyness is not fiction where the characters face the problems that a screenwriter makes up. It is a true story a natural entrepreneur, Chris Gardner, survived. Its strength is not only to show how a man strives for his rights but an example of how father-child relationships must be developed. Chris gives a profound lesson that when “you got a dream, you gotta protect it. People can’t do something themselves, they wanna tell you you can’t do. If you want something, go get it” (The Pursuit of Happyness). Finally, the scene when Chris borrowed $5 from his potential employer having nothing more in his pocket, is a vital story element. Sometimes, it is worthwhile to give everything in order to obtain something more. In their struggle for happiness and richness, many people forget what it means to be a human. The Pursuit of Happyness is not only a lesson on how to achieve success in life but an example of how to protect a family, be devoted to personal beliefs and never give up. Christopher Gardner revealed a captivating story, Gabriele Muccino made it watchable and educative, and Will and Jaden Smith performed, probably, the best roles in their lives. Work Cited The Pursuit of Happiness. Directed by Gabriele Muccino, performances Will Smith and Jaden Smith. Columbia Pictures, 2006.
According to the Health Belief Model (HBM), what is the decision – making process a person goes through before taking a health-related action? The Health Belief Model is a Social Cognitive Model that seeks to examine and predict health behaviors by focusing on individual beliefs and attitudes. Before an individual takes health-related action, a person should first go through several stages of understanding. To begin with, a person must analyze the possibility of the negative consequence of taking this action, as well as how those consequences can be avoided. To taken an action, a person should have a positive expectation about the recommended action. A person must be convinced about the absence of any negative health conditions. Finally, a person should know that he/she can take a recommended health action to receive the expected result. In other words, a person can feel comfortable about the action he/she takes. The Health Belief Model is represented through four mechanisms permitting an individual to perceive the benefits and threats of action. These mechanisms involve perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived severity, and perceived barriers. These constructs are decisive because they influence people’s readiness to act. How would you use the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) if you wanted to move a person who was in the precontemplation stage – to the ACTION STAGE – using the goal “30 minutes of aerobic exercise 5 days a week – 30 minutes or longer.” Give me a set of directions – or a “recipe for change” using the model as your guide. Limit your response to one single-spaced page – or less. According to the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, an individual has certain stages highlighting his/her readiness to act. Before a health-related action is carried out, an individual should undergo stages of the stage, including precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action. All these stages are important to overcome because they contribute to an individual’s understanding of the necessity to change. About the case above, the stages will look as follows: Preconte
Theoretical Approach Assessment: Cognitive Behavior Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBTs) represents a convergence of cognitive processes and behavioral strategies that aims at achieving cognitive and behavioral change. At the core of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy are three propositions; first, cognitive activity may be monitored and altered; second, cognitive activity affects behavior; third, desired behavior change may be affected through cognitive change (Johnson, 2010). Cognitive behavior therapy focuses their treatment on cognition with the belief that behavior change will follow cognition. To be able to carry out CBT on a client or on a group, one need to understand the various treatment approaches that exist within the scope of CBT (Boyle et al., 2009). The approaches under CBT share the theoretical viewpoint that makes the assumption that cognitive activities mediate behavior change. Consequently, CBT theorist overtly argue that cognition alter behavior. Moreover, it is important to note that the outcomes of CBT vary hugely from one individual to the other. In the case of the client in question, the CBT is ideal since it aims at curing overt behavior such as anger and transforms it into a positive cognition. In carrying out CBT on this client, I will put into practice the therapeutic procedures that organized CBT into cognitive restructuring, coping skills therapies, and problem solving therapies. Series of past research indicate that CBT has been successful in curbing anger problems. For instance, Flanagan, Allen, and Henry (2010) established that rational emotive behavior, as a therapy, is successful in anger management. On the other hand, Morland et al. (2011) established that manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy is very success in anger management among veterans since it outlines all problems that an individual faces at an interpersonal level as ultimately affecting others. Identification The client is a 35 years old African American male, high school dropout, in a relationship, and currently a sailor in the US Military. He has been in the army for close to a decade as a sailor. The client’s commanding officer referred him for treatment, because of excessive violent temper that is interfering with his performance and relationship with other sailors. The commanding officer insisted that the client must be subjected to psychiatric treatment since the violent condition was recurrent. However, there is no record of the client having been treated for temper related condition in the past. Reason for Social Work Involvement The crisis of potential dismissal, demotion, fine, and restriction from duties forced the client to seek for treatment. Specifically, the commanding officer made it clear that the client would face severe consequences should he fail to seek for psychiatric treatment. Family Background and Situation The client has had a long history of violent temper, which could be attributed to his upbringing environment. From a tender age, the client has not known the l
Introduction According to Piotrowiski (2002, para. 1) the success of a hospital is determined by its effectiveness in its management. Hospitals can be categorized on the basis of ownership and control. The main categories include nongovernmental hospitals, not-for profit hospitals, investor owned hospitals (for-profit hospitals), and public hospitals such as the federal government and non-federal hospitals. In the 21 st century, there is an increased shift towards not-for-profit hospitals (Vernon, 2006, p.1). Most federal governments such as the United States operate different hospitals on the basis of the specific population targeted. For example, some of the hospitals operated in the United States are for serving different parties who include veterans, Native Americans and military personnel. Some of the hospitals which fall under the United States federal government include the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers which are located in different parts of the country (McCarthy& Schafermeyer, 2007, p. 174). In an effort to assist its veterans, the United States has implemented a comprehensive health care system under the department of Veteran Affairs. The department has established 43 domiciliary, 864 outpatient clinics, 137 nursing homes and 172 medical centers. The Veteran Affairs Medical Clinics are not-for-profit organizations. This means that the operations of VAMCSs are not guided by a profit motive. As a result, VAMCs are categorized as charitable organizations. Despite this, not-for-profit organizations require a substantial amount of money to operate efficiently. In the United States, most of the qualified non-profit hospitals receive financial assistance from the Internal Revenue Services Department of Treasury (IRS) (IRS, 2011, para. 1). In an effort to understand how VAMCs operate, the author sought to evaluate the rationale behind VAMCs receiving financial aid from IRS. Rationale According to Agard (2011, p. 410), hospitals are not essentially supposed to be tax exempted. However, a hospital is considered for tax exemption if its operations are geared towards promotion of health. For a hospital to be considered for tax exemption there must be prove that the organization is providing health care benefits to a certain class of individuals. Additionally, the cl
Introduction Brimi is an Italian-based food company specializing in the supply of dairy products to its Italian market (Brimi 2010, p. 1). The company started its operations in the late 1960, when two companies merged to form a cooperative, aimed at supplying dairy products to its primary markets. For a long time, Brimi only operated in two locations across Europe, but in the late 70s the company opened more branches, starting with its 1977 Vahrn plant (Brimi 2010, p. 1). This region was chosen because it was home to high quality cattle breeds which supported the company’s supply of fresh dairy produce. In fact, most of the company’s operations were directed from this region. Brimi initially specialized in only a few brands, but in 1978, a board meeting resolution saw the company, expand into producing new products such as Mozzarella products (Brimi 2010, p. 1). This change of strategy was supported by other strategies bordering on the production of their dairy products such as the substitution of dairy milk with buffalo milk. This change of production process acted as a boosting element to the company’s sales because the company’s products bore a new taste which enabled it cut a niche above its competitors. The Mozzarella product is the company’s most popular product, with more traditional products and processes such as cheese production eventually discontinued. In the Northern part of Italy, Brimi had its Mozzarella product strategically positioned in consumers’ lifestyles, such that, there was very minimal competition from other companies (Brimi 2010, p. 1). In the South of Italy, the company’s Cheese products also had a strong co
Sheathing Definition This is a layer of fiber material or a board that can be applied on rafters, studs or exterior joists of a particular building to strengthen its structure as well as to act as a water-proof coating to serve the building. Sheathing is applied on walls, corners and the roofs of buildings. Roof Sheathing Installation of Roof Sheathing Sheathings are nailed into the roof structure in a fairly straightforward procedure. The illustration below indicates how sheathing is installed. Sheathing, however, needs to conform to the ASTM standard requirements regarding the nails that are applied on the gypsum board (Build Your Own Home 1). Materials for Sheathing Regarding wall sheathing, plywood, oriented strand, fiber board and the wafterboard are applied since they allow for enough bracing, and they can also resist lateral loads from the wall. Consequen
Earthquakes The earth consists of four major sections: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The crust is the top-most part, but is not a single piece, rather, it is made up of several pieces, like a jig-saw puzzle. The pieces keep moving gradually, slipping past one another and colliding with each other. These pieces are referred to as tectonic plates. The points at which tectonic plates separate (plate boundaries) contain numerous faults and most earthquakes occur along the boundaries due to the numerous faults. An earthquake originates from the rapid discharge of energy from the earth’s core that generates seismic waves. It is measured using readings from a seismometer. The energy that causes earthquakes can originate from different forms of earth movements, these are generally termed as the causes of earthquakes and are outlined below: Naturally occurring Quakes Earthquakes can occur naturally when tectonic plates slip or slide past one another rapidly along a fault plane. Once the plates slide past one another, continuous relative movement between the plates causes an increase in stress and hence, piles up strain energy around the two plates. The process continues until stress energy has reached a level in which it can escape through the fault line, suddenly releasing stored energy around the plates. The trapped energy is produced as a
The family Mr. Berenson’s family is composed of four members including the father Mr. Berenson 38 years old, the mother Mrs. Rose Berenson 34 years old, the daughter Janet aged 8 years, and the son Vincent aged 4 years. Mr. Berenson holds a degree in commerce and works as an accountant with a micro-financial institution. His wife holds a higher diploma in education and works as a high school teacher. Mr. Berenson’s family is of African American origin with a stable source of income. It also enjoys a middle-class status in the neighborhood. The family also runs a small shop which deals with the sale of household goods and products. The shop is operated by Judy, 26 years. Judy is a young sister to Rose and stays with the family in the same apartment but in different rooms. Judy usually stays with Vincent and Janet in the small shop when the parents are at work. The Problem As reported by Rose, Vincent has a problem with his sister Janet. Rose claims that Vincent is usually hyperactive and sometimes becomes uncontrollable especially when playing with his sister. Recently, he is reported to have thrown one of the toys at Janet thus injuring her in the face where she suffered a minor bruise. Rose is unable to control Vincent and when she tries to become tough on him, he runs to Judy for protection. When Judy tries to become tough on Vincent, she is not successful because Vincent does not take her seriously. Their efforts to separate Janet and Vincent in play are also not successful because every time they are separated, Vincent cries and goes to where Janet is playing and hits her. The only person who is able to control Vincent is Mr. Berenson. Unfortunately, he is rarely at home and when he is present, the children seem to avoid him by playing far from him or close to their aunt and mother. Family Therapy Approach In counseling, various therapies are applied in dealing with different problems facing clients. A family is viewed as a social institution with a set of rules, morals, and other characteristics that make it unique and different from others. Each family therefore must be understood as an entity and generalization of family problems should be avoided at all costs (Nichols, 2013). One of the family approaches which can be applied in the above case is structural family therapy which was formulated by Minuchin in the 1960s as he was working with the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic. As the name suggests, the approach emphasizes the structure of the family during the inter
Background In recent years, several incidents occurring in the external environment have forced organizations to consider implementing comprehensive emergency communications programs. The lingering uncertainty generated by terrorism, for example, has continued to take a psychological and financial toll on employees and organizations ever since 9/11 (Sellnow, Littlefield, Vidoloff, & Webb, 2009). At PSD Energy Solutions, the management is aware that terrorist incidents are on the increase as demonstrated by current trends of radicalized elements targeting Western interests (Sellnow et al., 2009). Due to the ongoing concerns, there is an urgent need to develop an emergency communications program for use by the company. The present paper is a proposal that identifies a strategy for an effective emergency communications program, along with recommended options and business justification. Strategy for an Effective Emergency Communications Program The primary objective of the emergency communications program is to manage terrorism-related communications through a clearly defined channel with the view to reducing serious adverse consequences for PSD and its stakeholders. The first component of the plan entails training a group of employees in the identification of the internal and external constituents to be included in the evaluation of the terrorist threat. Internal components include PSD employees and managers while external parts include suppliers, contractors, the media, and the public. It is expected that the trained personnel will be provided with the knowledge of prioritizing the components according to importance, with the highest priority being given to PSD employees and management. They will also be trained on how to conceive and deliver emergency messages with optimal effectiveness and efficiency. The available literature demonstrates that the efficient delivery of well-conceived emergency communications is essential in ensuring employee safety and facilitating response times (Mazzei & Ravazzani, 2015). Hyer and Covello (2005) report that such a predisposition is needed to inspire confidence and assist families to reunite. The second component of the strategy is to pinpoint potential communication methods for each constituency group. The program will use recent technological advances in social media platforms and mobile phone messaging services to reach PSD’s stakeholders. More specifically, the company will open Facebook and Twitter accounts for use in communicating terrorist-related incidents. The organization will also invest in messaging services and maintain a database of contacts for use during emergency events. These communication methods are efficient as they can reach t
Abstract The experiment is aimed at observing the effects of temperature on growth of microorganism, in this case Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilu s. This happens through use of culturing of the bacteria on different parts of the lab with different temperatures. The goal of the experiment is to get the most suitable temperature that will allow for growth and the temperatures where there would be little or no growth of the microorganisms. In this case it is easier to device a method of controlling the pathogens through temperature variations. Introduction Microorganisms are minute organisms that are visible only with the help of a microscope. They include bacteria and other organisms like viruses and many others. In our case we will be studying the growth of bacteria. The growth of bacteria is affected by various factors which include: temperature, moisture, food and even competition from other microorganisms. If two or more bacteria share the same environment then they are likely to compete for the available resources and this will affect their growth. On the hand they could also compete amongst each other for the food and water available. In our experiment the factor to be studied is temperature and its effects on the growth of bacteria; what effect does variation of temperature have on the growth of bacteria. Escherichia coli are a gram positive bacterium found in the human digestive system (Ryan, K. & Ray, G., 2004, p 22). They are rod shaped and mostly found in the colon of mammals. They are considered to be harmless to the host but could at times cause food poisoning which may result into diarrhea. They are microscopic organisms and cannot be viewed by naked eyes. As for Bacillus stearothermophilu s, these are gram positive bacteria that exist in temperatures varying at around 30- 70°C. They are mostly found in the soil. In case they infiltra
The idea of diversity is applicable to various aspects of social relations, including workplace. Modern communities strive to develop rules and regulations that guarantee the equality of opportunities to people. However, many organizations fail to promote diversity, and in some cases, many groups of the population can be discriminated on the basis of their gender, race, or ethnic origin. This paper is aimed at such discussing such a problem as glass ceiling which can be defined as the unofficial barriers that prevent women and minorities from rising in the workplace hierarchy (Farley & Haaga, 2005, p. 122). On the whole, it is possible to argue that glass ceiling can adversely affect the organizations in which these unseen rules exist. More importantly, people, who face this discrimination, become eliminated from others. One can argue that glass ceiling can take many forms. For instance, many businesses fail to recruit women and the representatives of minorities (Schaffner, 2003, p. 231). As a rule, these companies prefer to select white males from the entire pool of candidates. Furthermore, this phenomenon is closely related to performance appraisal methods. In some cases, senior executives can disregard the contributions of female workers or those people who represent racial or religious minorities (Schaffner, 2003, p. 231). Apart from that, it should be mentioned that minorities or women can be asked to work on those tasks that does enable them to demonstrate their expertise or creativity. These are some of the discriminatory practices that prevent these people from reaching the upper levels of the workplace hierarchy. There are many other aspects that should be overlooked. For example, women are less likely to be promoted if they have children. Very often executives believe that female workers cannot be fully committed to the organizational goals. Certainly, there are no official rules according to which they can be denied promotion. Nevertheless, such a factor as gend