ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cultural difference was the main cause of rivalry between the Europeans and Native Americans. The protracted rivalry that existed between the two cultures was indeed beneficial to the Native Americans bearing in mind that they had a tendency of supporting the opponents of the Europeans in return for unilateral favors. It was a common practice to support countries that would assist them in various ways. This tactic made the Native Americans to be very successful because they benefited whenever they entered into any deal with other countries. [1] When the Europeans explored North America and came across the Native Americans, they were indeed shocked to encounter an extremely unique culture that was equally complex. This cultural difference made the Native Americans to take advantage of the Europeans who were treated as foreigners in North America. It is also undeniable that this conflict led to massive social disruption, ethnic violence and political tension between the Native Americans and alliances that were being formed on a regular basis. The conflict between the two cultures also led to rebellion against Great Britain since the Native Americans demanded their independence. In other words, the rivalry prompted the desire to pursue unity of purpose because the Native Americans were able to forge a common front in fighting for their liberation and sovereignty. [2] The American nationalist movement was also brought into limelight as a result of the rivalry that ensued with the entry of Europeans in North America. Although the Native Americans suffered heavy casualties as a result of revolting against Great Britain and forming other liberation movements, the outcomes were beneficial to the North Americans who were mostly made up of the native population. [3] The growing population of the European Americans was also another source of rivalry between the Native Americans and the explorers of the new land. Due to the desire to protect the interests of the native population, several land concessions and treaties were put in place so that the Native Americans could derive the benefits of the growing population. In order to counter the influence of the Europeans who were thought to be more progressive and civilized than the Native Americans, the latter were encouraged to engage in European-style farming activities. [4] Consequently, the Native Americans borrowed a lot of knowledge and skills from their European rivals (especially in agriculture). However, the poor state of technology was a major setba
Introduction The outdoor playing environment forms a very fascinating experience for physicists since it presents a first-hand understanding of the basic principles behind physics. One such playing activity of interest is playing on a trapeze. Akin to a playing ground swing, the trapeze operates under the principles of driving a simple pendulum. A trapeze and a swing are the same things; however, the former incorporates a horizontal bar that is suspended by two parallel and vertical cords. Invented eons back before the 19 th century by Leotard, the trapeze presents a center of attraction to traveling circuses. It has gained considerable popularity of late since it elicits the adrenaline rush akin to what a bungee jumper experiences when sporting. To this end, circus events “such as Cirque du Soleil, found in Disney World, and the Millennium Show are gaining more interest, attracting performers from the world over” (Christiaan, 2007). Moreover, circus schools are becoming common in the major cities around the world e.g., New York and London. In South Africa, trapeze is a sport for the affluent who “are invited to the ‘trapeze parties’” (Christiaan, 2007). While sporting, the performers take breathtaking moves that leave the audience agape. From swinging using the arms, swinging by the use of the lower limbs (figure 1), to performing extremely complex flips (figure 2); trapeze presents an endless list of tricks. Given all the moves a trapeze artist can perform, the forces that keep the performer on the course are similar to what drives a simple pendulum. To this end, the term ‘simple’ may be deceiving since, while it is quite simple to predict the motion of a pendulum, it is quite difficult to perform an analytical analysis. With this in mind, the rest of the literature will concentrate on the history behind this motion, establishing the theories that define it, to conclude with an experimental investigation to ascertain the principles behind the trapeze motion. History The principle behind both a trapeze and a simple swing is analogous to that of a pendulum. This principle was the brainchild of Galileo, a physicist whose idea was borne of a ‘swinging lamp’ used in the Cathedral back in the early 17 th century. Galileo developed this idea while he was in Italy advancing with his studies at the university. In his investigations in the year 1602, “he discovered that the period of a pendulum is not affected by the amplitude” (Christiaan, 2007). As such, he thought of incorporating this amazing discovery into a clock; however, he aborted the idea. Come 1965, this idea was incorporated into a clock with another scientist from the Dutch, Christiaan Huygens. His invention marked a major milestone in the science of timers albeit recording an error of sixty seconds per day. As such, he later worked on minimizing the clock’s error, which recorded an error of 10 seconds daily. Even though this was a major achievement; the big question that lingers in the minds of many is how Galileo devel
There is no secret that companies strive to make as much money out a their clients as possible, resorting to all sorts of marketing tricks. One of the most widespread and definitely the most notorious one is the policy of hidden charges; defined as the supplementary services which are not included into the ticket price, such issues as “Booking fees, baggage charges and a host of optional service fares” (Macguire, 2012, para. 1) are nowadays considered a common practice among a number of airlines, which raises the question whether airline companies infringe the customers’ rights by making them pay for the services which should quite honestly be included into the list of free services. Despite the fact that hidden charges might seem not quite fair to the clients, there are strong reasons to resort to charging the clients for the services which are generally considered free, mostly because of the fact that free services should be considered as a gift from the airline company, not a duty. In the light of the heated arguments which have recently been raised concerning the issue, the article by Macguire should be mentioned. Offering a brief overview of the current situation, Macguire makes it obvious that at present, a number of airlines are practicing the ‘hidden charges approach’ is quite reasonable. To prove the above-mentioned, Macguire states that the airline companies have actually all the reasons to charge people for additional services: “Additional fees for things like baggage allowance and seat selection can be above and beyond what it costs the airline (to offer these services)” (Macguire, 2012, para. 3). In addition, the author of the article explains in details what exactly makes the companies make their clients pay more: “This enables them to streamline their costs and offer customers greater value for money in an increasingly competitive marketplace” (Macguire, 2012, para. 7). Therefore, it is evident that the prices for additional services have not been raised just of nothing – on the contrary, airline companies seem to have no other choice than to charge their clients for certain services. However, it is worth admitting that Macguire also makes an attempt to consider the viewpoint of the opponents of hidden charges: “Many people have told us they distrust the airlines’ weighing systems” (Macguire, 2012, para. 14). All in all, the idea that companies need money to resume providing the services of the same high quality to their clientele pretty much sums up Macguire’s idea in a nutshell. The given article, however, relates directly to the issues discussed in the given course. Macguire
Introduction Several nations have developed ways of safeguarding their local film industries through conserving market share of domestic films against domination by American films. The market share of American’s films is about seventy percent in the entire world. Many countries have created protectionism techniques such as tax concession, import quotas, subsidies, and screen quotas to safeguard their local film industries 1 . Retaining such strategies are beneficial justification since market share of the local film is protected when every nation conserve its cultural autonomy. Nevertheless, the success of these economic strategies is gloomy. In fact, when the strategies do not contribute to any important impact in the local film industry, the best advice is to abandon such strategies. Though, such strategies are recommendable by Global Trade Accord, quotas are not an effective way of protectionist measures because their implementation discourages trade relations with other nations. On the other hand, when tax dispensations and subsidies do not have useful consequence in the local film industry, such strategies would be a waste of public resources 2 . However, there are few consequences of economic strategies such as subsidy, screen quotas, and tax concessions in the local films’ market shares. If such restrictive factors were regulated, the market size would not be an important determinant in the audiovisual industry. Nations, therefore, need to adopt many alternatives ways to enhance market share of their local films industries through promoting average budget in every film, and by enhancing quantity of local films produced. This portrays that production of film should be based on a balance between quantity and quality of goods produced. Countries should adopt International liberalization that does not result in easy deregulation, but in varied regulatory market capitalism 3 . The aim of this paper is to show how a government cannot support domestic audiovisual industry without discriminating against foreign products. Audiovisual industry is one of the fastest developing service industries in the entire world. Technological growth has enabled customers multiple access to information and entertainment services and therefore has enhanced audiovisual industry in the world 4 . Audiovisual industry has played significant role in promoting new technologies. For example, electronically audiovisual goods have enhanced network utility and have promoted business venture of digital networks. Technological growth has promoted cheaper and efficient audiovisual services to customers and has broadened their needs 5 . Due to t
The racist chant was a song sung by the Oklahoma University students. The students claimed that they learned it during the leadership cruise that was supported by the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity several years ago. “The chant, which included at least one reference to lynching, was sung by fraternity members on a chartered bus on the way to the chapter’s annual Founder’s Day event in Oklahoma City.” (Gray). The members later implemented it like a culture in the university. The university president, David Boren, said that the students who participated in the racist chant were to face disciplinary actions. Some students were expelled from the university since they were the leaders during the racist chant that was sung on the bus. The rest of the people who had been on the bus were to face severe actions such as mandatory working for the community. Many students were asked questions in regard to getting sufficient information concerning the racist chant (Mclaughlin). The Message in the racist was against the Blacks to participate in the SAE since they would not accept them. The president of the institution claimed that they would set a good example on how to deal with people practicing racism against the Blacks (Mclaughlin). He recommended that the habit of racial prejudice should not be tolerated in any country in the nation. The racial discrimination against Blacks is against the human acts that made that racial discrimination is illegal. He strongly criticized it, and he was to make sure it could be brought to a halt. Stereotyping plays a part in racial prejudice against Blacks. Human beings usually have the tendency to evaluate any person they meet with and come up with their conclusions that can be positive or negative. Stereotyping influences the results of the evaluation from their beliefs and their knowledge just as the students who participated in the racist chant did (Mclaughlin). Certain characteristics are assigned to particular races. The students incorporated the stereotype belief. The group was not ethnocentric towards the Black race. The American members did not evaluate the culture of Black people, and they also did not compare any Blacks’ cultural belief to their culture. One of the students, Parker Rice, who participated in the singing, apologized for participating in singing a racist song on the Bus (Mclaughlin). He condemned it as a bad habit and very reckless. This shows they did not have any ethnocentric towards the Black race. The entire fraternity did not feel as if they were in one group and did not share a sense of belonging. The Blacks felt intimidated and isolated since some Whites in the university had started practicing racial prejudice as a culture in the university. They could not feel to belong entirely to the fraternity since they were being isolated. The president of the university was annoyed since some members had started practicing racial discrimination which he was agains
In healthcare systems team members have to work together to achieve the common goal (Sales, Cooke, & Rosen, 2008). Research indicates that it is not enough to support the performance of isolated tasks and suboptimal communication is one of the most important causes of medical errors. Effective communication among the team members is a key component in aiding the value-added processes and this has resulted in improvement in the patient care quality (Baker et al, 2007). However, processes, which are computerized without careful analysis, would lead to inefficiencies (Koppel et al, 2008). By supporting communication and coordination, well-designed healthcare processes reduce the inefficiencies in the processes and make the management of complexities easier. Developing Value-added Processes In order to improve the communication among the healthcare team members, it is imperative that the processes are converted into value-added processes so that the information inputs can be converted into valuable outputs that help improving the provision of effective and quality healthcare. The development of value-added processes requires the institution of new activities and reorganization of many current activities. The first step in this direction is to identify and rank the most important processes of the organization. The next step is to establish an interdisciplinary team representing the healthcare team members, clinical units, and facilities that take part or contribute to the processes (Surowiecki, 2004). The foremost task of the team is to define the standard practice of the organization clearly and the existing clinical practices, practices in respect of patient satisfaction and cost measures and performance targets need to be defined properly (Casale et al, 2007). It is better to align the incentives of the team members to the maximum extent possible. It has been proved that prof
Introduction The ‘International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develops relevant standards for different accounting practices’ (Saudagaran 2011, p. 27). The IASB also promotes the application and use of different accounting standards. This agency identifies, develops, supports, and approves various International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). The IFRS Foundation monitors the operations and activities of the IASB. The IASB has been developing and promoting new IFRSs in an attempt to change the nature of accounting. This discussion explores how the IASB has become less relevant and representative today. How Representative and Relevant is the IASB? Many corporations and accountants are currently criticizing the role and relevance of this agency (Harper et al. 2012). For instance, the IASB released new accounting standards between 2011 and 2014. Such standards have the power to change the manner in which corporations record their revenues. According to Zeff (2012, p. 812), ‘such standards will force companies to speed up the rate of revenue booking’. These practices will also defer revenues. This approach can also result in new accounting scandals or frauds. The issue of Revenue Reporting (RR) is another source of controversy. This is undeniable because it is impossible to establish when a company gets its revenues. The other issue arises from the use of International Financial Reporting Standards. This practice will have numerous implications on many companies and countries. For example, ‘the new standards will affect revenues because companies will have to examine the implications of different taxation laws’ (Harper et al. 2012, p. 469). These new changes do not examine the implications of different trade-offs and political interferences. These standards will ensure every company loses its quality. This development ‘will also increase the costs of capital’ (Saudagaran 2011, p. 59). The above situation explains why these new changes might not produce the targeted goals. Every market has its economic frameworks and factors. This fact explains why such international standards will have numerous impacts on different markets (Zeff 2012). Those who are opposed to the transparency of the original standards might not get the best results. The best practice is focusing on new accounting practices that have the potential to produce positive results. These new accounting standards ‘have the potential to make the earnings of companies more volatile’ (Danjou 2014, p. 4). The standards will encourage more accountants and companies to change the time when they earned their revenues. Companies might incur numerous costs in an attempt to provide the required financial disclosures. The new practice will become extremely difficult for more companies. Most of these new rules will complicate the lives of different accountants and managers. As mentioned above, these new IASB accounting standards are detestable. The agency’s main goal w
Racism is the dominant form of discrimination in the USA, with recent allegations triggering mass demonstrations in the entire state in an appeal to end it. Pieces of evidence prove that this racism has existed in the past, with the vice being addressed as the typical American culture. However, the discrimination seems not to be justified since many shreds of evidence show that many Americans are thought to be immigrants to the continent, with the first immigrants being the Spanish and the French. Later the English dominated, with more immigrants being from Europe as opposed to the other sections of the world. The USA federal government’s culture and the law do not identify its nationals by their race or origin. However, by bona fide citizenship and taking the oath of permanent allegiance as explained by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service. It is ideal for the government to identify its citizens because the USA is made of many immigrants, dual citizenship owners, and less population claiming the land as their ancestral land. Therefore, the standard identified races in the USA remain to be Hispanic and Latino American, Black and African American, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaii and Pacific Islanders. Despite the government being unable to link its citizens to one race, culture, or ethnic group, culture still portrays discrimination. It is questionable as to why one would racially discriminate against the other when they are all immigrants. The same culture had enslaved even the early president’s daughter for being black (Dillon). Discrimination has a very long history that cannot be easily done with, making the USA a racially centered culture. The racial culture is still linked to day-to-day activities, including the use of race to incite or attract more votes. Works Cited Dillon, B. “Jefferson’s Daughters: Three Sisters, White and Black, in a Young America.” Women’s History Review , vol. 27, no. 6, 2018, pp. 1040-1042. Web. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service. “History of the Declaration of Intention (1795-1956).” USCIS . 2020. Web.
Theo Paphitis locus control Locus control is the ability to be in control of both failure and success. As such, Locus control is a control orientation. Theo Paphitis exhibited locus control through a psychological construct showing control orientation as main aspect of his personality. Theo Paphitis locus control is seen through a wide range of ramifications towards satisfaction in life, which in itself is indicative of response to success and failures along the continuum of business and throughout his life. He has worked hard to set up retail business success among other enterprises to become the king of retail. Locus control is observed across his ability to respond to his businesses effectively throughout. He knows how to develop a concept, turn it into a business, manage this business, and keep it competitive. In his biography, Theo explains his background as a concept through which optimism, drive to success, and a consistent desire to succeed was a formula for his locus control. At 15, he was a school snack shop shopkeeper and at 16 as a tea boy in Lloyds. His drive for a better life saw him work for a Swiss watchmaker, At 20, Theo was looking for a well paying job and at the same time, thinking of setting up his own business. He observes that no one wanted to give him a job and it made him clamor to succeed. He ventured in property where he managed his first big break before tapping the mobile phones markets by acquiring NAG Telecom. Early in the book, Enter the Dragon, Theo Paphitis is emphatic about one being in control of things. The context is about being innovative and ready to achieve goals within set periods. According to Theo, setting goals and coming up with a clear set of steps on how to achieve your goals is important in business. Theo Paphitis main point in this chapter is to empress a goal as a dream with an expiry date hence one needs to react to it as soon as he incepts it. A strong character: Paphitis (2008) explains that a strong character is indicative of focus and a desire to achieve. This strong character is backed by skills and competencies that allow management of the business and the subsequent success as observed by Maria (2010). Theo Paphitis desire to achieve Failure to secure a well paying job and a consistent turndowns when went look for one inspired him to conceptualize beyond this impasse. Theo Paphitis remarked that no one would give him a job when he asked for one. He further explains that he could not understand how any of those un-educated interviewers who examined him during interviews got their plush jobs. This shows a psychological construct indicative of propensity and self-drive. Theo did not look himself down rather found he more able and capacitated in comparison to others. Theo rather than going ahead in job search saw opportunity in the property boom and invested his teen earnings and it handsomely paid off. The desire to achieve helped him become more able to identify opportunity and turn it into business. When he invested with his friend in the property finance sector, Theo was young, but his desire to achieve provid