ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The main objective of fire safety is life safety. In that regard, the provision of an escape route for everyone within the building is one of the main considerations when designing and constructing non-domestic buildings. The considerations made when constructing buildings are aimed, first of all, to ensure the protection of people, rather than property. In the light of the aforementioned, there are several technical standards that were developed to ensure the safe escape of the building’s inhabitants. These technical standards cover all the possible stages in the process of escape, which include escaping the room of fire origin, escaping from the compartment of origin, escaping the floor of origin, and escaping from the building. The number of exits is an important technical standard for non-domestic buildings, which ensures that all building users have the opportunity to escape. The calculation of such umber is made according to with to the occupancy of the room, the height of the story above and below the ground, and the travel distance. Accordingly, each of the aforementioned factors is established through specific technical standards as well, e.g. occupancy capacity through the description of room and space and the load factor, recommended travel distance through occupancy profile and building use, etc. In that regard, for each of the established factors, there is a minimum number of exits that would ensure a safe escape. The destination of escape routes is another factor considered in the technical standards in order to ensure a safe evacuatifromorm the building. These standards include the way access is given to a safe place, i.e. directly, by way of protected zones, by way of a flat roof, or by way of external escape stair. Additionally, no obstacles should be in the way of an escape route, where obstacles might include lifts, escalators, turnstiles a fire shutter, or a manual sliding door. It can be seen that such factors as travel distance and the absence of obstacles, largely emphasize the time factor, in addition to getting people away from harm. Thus, it can be stated that the principles of safe evacuation outlined in the technical standards specifically indicate the importance of the time frame, through which the evacuation should be performed. The developments in this area can be related to the reduction of the time frame, through which the evacuation can be performed. Such factor might be achieved through alternative building designs, specifically, non-domestic buildings, in which the technical parameters of the spaces would be optimized to expect worst-case scenarios. The Requirements for the Disabled People The application of the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), when designing the safety requirement for disabled people, has the main purpose is not putting the disabled person at a disadvantage. The application of the DDA is concerned with all non-domestic buildings, including employme
Introduction This study is a proposal to investigate into the challenges of infrastructure modernization in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). KSA is a unique kingdom located in Middle East. KSA is best known as the world biggest oil producer. It is strongly found on Islamic culture, which dictates most of its activities (Blanchard, 2012). The Islamic traditions practiced in KSA have been attributed to shape the response of the people in this kingdom on matters of national interest. A documentary produced and directed by Mill (2008) reflecting on the Saudi Kingdom has been a good eye opener on understanding of the KSA. Inside Saudi Kingdom documentary provides a penetration in the way KSA is wrestling with modernization and technology by trying to conserve its Islamic traditions. The documentary is about Prince Saud bin Abdul Mohsin bin Adul Aziz Al Saud, a governor of Hail province. The governor speaks of his ambitions and problems. Coupled with the Hail province people, a fascinating insight is revealed about this feudal country. Currently, modernization is vital in every part of the world. The way this process is accepted is determined by people’s backgrounds and values. For instance, in KSA, modernization process is influenced by the country’s Islamic traditions. According to Mill (2008) British Broadcasting Cooperation (BBC) documentary, KSA is revealed to be not immune to vagaries of change. Interestingly, the kingdom is highly protected by the Saudi Religious Police, who are known to punish those who try to abandon the kingdom’s Islamic law. Adopting modernization process in KSA is challenging especially when the change is likely to contradict the Islamic tradition. However, there are some infrastructures in which the KSA is willing to modernize. Specifically, KSA has made huge investments in its military infrastructures (Zuhur, 2005). Thesis Considering the point that Islamic tradition influences the kind of change adopted in the KSA, we agree with the idea that challenges of infrastructure modernization in KSA emerge from Islamic tradition or laws. Infrastructures are developed to suit the needs of the Islamic traditions. Research Questions To achieve its purpose, the study methodology will be designed to answer the following study questions: Does KSA put emphasis on modernization of some infrastructures than others? The study will examine the infrastructures that the KSA has put much effort in modernizing by adopting current technologies and standards. The emphasis will be determined by reviewing the amount of funding directed to infrastructure. Why does the Islamic traditions in KSA influence the modernization of infrastructures? Different infrastructures will be examined to determine how their developments are controlled by the Islamic laws. Which infrastructures in KSA are highly affected by Islamic traditions or laws limiting their modernization? Answering this question will help determine infrastructures that are highly challenged by the Islamic tradition in KS
Abstract The analysis of the case of fire indicates that arson was the cause because the fire started in every part of the warehouse and the fire alarm was disconnected to prevent early warning. The scrutiny of financial and inventory documents provides the first direction of investigating the motive for profit. Low profitability or losses, low sales, and low inventory indicate arson for direct profit through an insurance claim. In contrast, high profitability, high sales, and adequate inventory imply that the motive for arson is indirect profit through the elimination of competitors. The animosity motive is the second direction of the investigation because a conflict between the owner and aggrieved party would result in arson. Crime concealment is the third direction of the investigation for the existence of fraud, embezzlement, or theft in the workplace that provides grounds arson. The fourth direction of the investigation is extremism motive by animal activists. The Case of Arson Arson is a common form of crime, which entails intentionally destruction of property using fire to achieve a given motive. Broadly, arsonists destroy property based on economic, psychological, and social motives, which compel them to commit arson. Nordskog (2016) outlines that profit, animosity, vandalism, extortion, crime concealment, political factors, and psychopathological factors are possible motives that drive arsonists to destroy property. The case of fire at the Novandon Fur Warehouse emanates from arson because how the fire occurred depicts the intentional destruction of property. First, the investigative team observed that the fire commenced at several parts of the warehouse at once. Second, the fire detection equipment was disconnected from the telephone line to prevent early alert of fire. Third, there was a complete loss of property as the fire had destroyed the warehouse by the time the fire team turned up. Therefore, based on pointers of arson, this essay examines possible motives of arsonists by scrutinizing warehouse documents and interviewing warehouse owners. Profit Motive Scrutiny of documents would provide the first direction for motive, which is the profit motive. The scrutiny of financial and inventory documents is necessary to establish possible motives of arsonists because they provide important information regarding the financial status and performance of the warehouse. A profit-motivated arsonist destroys property intending to gain direct or indirect benefits (Doley, Dickens, & Gannon, 2015). When businesses perform poorly in their respective markets, owners usually plan to destroy them and make an insurance claim to get inflated compensation so that they can wind up their businesses in a profitable state (Hess, Orthmann, & Cho, 2016). In this case, scrutiny of the
Introduction The fascination with the cryptocurrency and the digital money trade has recently gained great popularity among people of different incomes, gender, age, etc. It is quite natural since today, this type of money called Bitcoin is one of the most valuable world currencies, which has an extremely high course and is therefore very rare and desirable for many. Over the past year, many people joined the movement in support of the search and resale of the cryptocurrency, and many were unconsciously guided by some communication theories. Those efforts that are used by Internet users around the world have certain and often selfish motives. Therefore, the concept of buying and reselling the cryptocurrency implies following the communication privacy management theory, as well as the uncertainty reduction theory, which is caused by the natural desire of the majority of the Internet users to enrich themselves. Summary of the Context of the Cryptocurrency Trading Bitcoin as a world-recognized electronic currency was most widely spread in 2017, even though it had been created much earlier (Fetisova 162). However, it was in 2017 when the course of this virtual money reached a large size (more than $7,000 per Bitcoin) (Fetisova 162). Any interested person can act as a market participant. The fact is that the earnings procedure of electronic money is not very simple; nevertheless, ordinary residents found a way to correct this situation: they began to use third-party websites and other resources as a platform for their earnings. The popularity of this currency is possible because this type of payment is quite convenient. However, such a large exchange rate concerning other money confirms the uniqueness of this means of trading and makes it possible to evaluate it as the most expensive currency. Media to Disseminate
Glory is a movie that represents a celebration regarding a bravery act witnessed in the course of the Civil War. The movie depicts the way members of a battalion treated one another because of racial segregation. Furthermore, the leaders of the regiment treated members differently depending on their race. The members of the “54 th Regiment of the Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry” were segregated because of their racial origin (Zwick, 1989). Colonel Robert Gould Shaw who plays Mathew Broderick headed the regiment. The black members of the regiment faced serious discrimination than their white counterparts. They did not access several rights and amenities. Furthermore, they performed demeaning roles. However, they did not abandon the regiment when they had opportunities to quit. The movie begins with a serious battle, which leaves Shaw hurt and forced to return home. While at home, Shaw gains information concerning plans by the government to form a regiment incorporating mainly black soldiers. He takes up the role of a commander. He later asks Major Forbes to deputize him (Zwick, 1989). Colonel Shaw eventually started enlisting soldiers into the regiment thus leading to the emergence of the other actors depicted in the movie. The movie depicts a real story regarding the experiences members of the “54 th Massachusetts regiment” underwent (Zwick, 1989). It is important to note that the regiment was the first ever to incorporate many African American combatants. The theme of racial discrimination appears to be at the core of the movie as depicted throughout its setting. The soldiers had several battles to fight. The movie depicts them as a group who has the desire to achieve their freedom. The black soldiers also has the desire to secure the freedom of their colleagues in the south (Zwick, 1989). They are also fighting to end discrimination that is so rampant within the military union. It is notable that discrimination also dogged the Northern states in the country affecting the lives of many. The Union Army staff plays a critical role in promoting discrimination. The personnel discriminate against the members of the regiment by failing to give them appropriate weaponry, apparatus, and other items tha
Introduction The subject of human personality has been studied since the time of the ancient Greeks. Several spiritual, philosophical, and psychological explanations have been advanced over the years in an attempt to explain the formation of personality. Historically, studies on this subject have traditionally come from theorists in the areas of social sciences and humanities, but in the recent past biologists and experts in neuroscience have contributed immensely (Hoffman 24). Hans Eysenck and Jeffrey Alan Gray are the most influential biological theorists who have played a pivotal role in advancing biological explanations of the formation of personality. On the other hand, American psychologists Abraham Maslow and Carl Rodgers are popular humanistic theorists. This paper will discuss the theories involving biological and humanistic approaches and will examine the relationships and differences in both theories. How psychological growth needs influence personality development Psychologists Abraham Maslow and Carl Rodgers disliked cognitivist, behaviorist, and psychodynamic views and developed a relatively modern humanist approach to explain human personality (Cooke 45). Maslow and other humanistic theorists established a school of psychology called humanism which refuted views that ignored the unique qualities of humans such as self-realization, rationality, and determination. Abraham Maslow used Einstein’s writings to develop his theory of the hierarchy of needs and models of self-actualization. According to this theory, individuals strive to attain their full potential or self-actualization only after they have satisfied their basic needs (Grogan 73). The American psychologist also used writings of other successive psychologists to exemplify the traits of a self-actualized person and also provided a profile of what he considered a healthy personality. He placed basic human needs such as shelter, food, water, and oxygen (breathing) at the lowest level of need of the hierarchy pyramid. H
Abstract This research paper will explore the factors that promote effective leadership in a multi-international organisation. The paper investigates the objective of reviewing the impact of talent on leadership sustainability. Through the mixed research method, the paper reveals the disparities between actual and ideal factors that make leadership effective in any organisation. Keywords: Talent, Motivation, and Organization Structure. Project description This research paper will explore the factors that promote effective leadership in a multinational organisation. The paper surveys the aspect of talent, which envisions natural skill and ability to gain proficiency through personal experiences and relevant training. Constant and reliable training may equip a person with the necessary skills that are required to demonstrate mature leadership characterised by persistence and experience within a multinational organisation. The current state of the problem Sustainability and quality of leadership are critical towards fulfilling the vision and missions of any multinational organisation. Even though numerous studies have been carried on effective leadership, there is a scarcity of empirical information available on the role of talent and ability of effective leadership in an organisation. This research project will attempt to establish how leadership effectiveness on the tenet of sustainability and quality can be measured. Research objective, questions and rationale The main objective of the research is to develop a framework for proper leadership application and strategic management within a multinational organisation that has a framework for sustainable leadership skills module. To achieve this objective, the research will look at the best leadership practices from major multinational organisations to provide evidence-based solutions to current leadership challenges. The following are the proposed research questions.  1. What is the relevance of skills and ability in leadership initiatives within multinational organisations?  2. How effective is the multinational organisations’ utilisation of contact channel management as a quality measurement element in their leadership modules?  3. How do international organisations manage their motivation systems to enhance effective leadership initiatives? Literature review According to Aimar and Stough (2007), Leadership Inventory Practice (LPI) assesses human acts when interacting with different situations in an organisation. This assessment is helpful, especially for leaders who intend to know how to influence people and communicate effectively. Also, leadership
Technological advancements in modern scientific research have helped scholars estimate the real scope of threat for each existing drug. Thus, nowadays, even people who are not related to medicine or science can briefly explain why others consume a certain drug and what the potential outcome may be. However, it is not the case with the ones already affected by the drug, as their minds are programmed at feeding their body with illegal substances. As drugs are primarily divided into licit and illicit according to their legalization and impact on the body, the latter group then consists of stimulants and opioids. The most typical representatives of stimulants are cocaine and amphetamine. Speaking of cocaine, over the centuries, this drug has come a long way from a magic cure to an illicit substance prohibited by law (Levinthal, 2014). Back in the 19th century, people believed cocaine to cure fatigue and kill the pain. The Coca-Cola manufacturers had used the coca leaves for about twenty years. Modern society mostly treats cocaine only as a dangerous drug that kills a lot of people and destroys lives. However, the statistics show that people do not seem to reduce cocaine consumption in society. In 2014, for example, the number of cocaine abusers was approximately one and a half million people (“What is the scope of cocaine use in the United States?” 2016). Hence, although cocaine is now of prohibited use, there is an evident issue of cocaine abuse demanding immediate governmental and social interference. The question here is whether the government should be involved in the situation and, if yes, how the government should discourage the use of cocaine in society.
Introduction In an attempt to ensure proficiency and efficiency of machines, maintenance becomes important because it ensures that the tool run as expected (Bansal, Evans & Jones, 2004). In addition, maintenance prevents the breakdown of machines that could otherwise lead to the escalation of the operation cost (Ambani Li & Ni, 2009). Particularly, lubrication is one of the most commonly used methods of maintaining machines bearing in mind that it is not only inevitable but also provides a cheap alternative to the management. In essence, it is a preventive measure that protects the moving parts of the machines so that they do not wear out and even cause much damage (Bensoussan, & Sethi, 2007). This paper will discuss some of the themes related to improper lubrication of machines in dairy production. Case Study on Lubrication and Non-Correlative Maintenance A dairy farm has been incurring problems with their bearing system, especially in their vibrating box that conveys power to the moving parts of the machines. The bearings failed prematurely when the machine was running so that the reliability of the conveyor was not assured. Having experienced this problem for a considerably substantial period, the company requested SFK to provide technical expertise in order to fix the problem. SFK establish
During the course of 19 th -20 th centuries, the process of Western societies’ urbanization was continuing to gain ever-increased momentum. In its turn, this created objective preconditions for these societies to grow ever-more tolerant, simply because; whereas, the existential values of village-dwellers are being concerned with intellectual inflexibility, religious fanaticism and behavioral collectivism, urban-minded individuals profess essentially opposite values of intellectual open mindedness, tolerance and perceptional individualism. In its turn, this explains why certain issues that, even as recent as hundred years ago, were not supposed to be talked about publically, such as abortion, alternative sex styles and application of contraceptives, have now attained a status of fully legitimate subjects of public discussion. Nevertheless, in 19 th century’s America it was never too easy for mentally liberated individuals to proceed with exploring their individuality, especially if they happened to be women. In this paper, we will aim to explore this thesis even further by referring to Kate Chopin’s novel “The Awakening” as such that does not only represent a high literary, but also philosophical and semi-historical value. The plot of “The Awakening” cannot be referred to as overly complex, as it is being essentially concerned with the main character Edna Pontellier going through a variety of different trials and tribulations, on the account of her refusal to feel emotionally comfortable with its actual status of a soulless commodity, imposed on Edna by extremely conservative and highly ritualized socio-political realities of 19 century America’s South. Given the fact that Chopin’s novel contains clearly defined biographical undertones, it will not be an exaggeration to suggest that “The Awakening” provides readers with rather realistic insight onto the very roots of women’s liberation movement as such that was dialectically predetermined by the laws of history. In our paper, we will aim to explore this thesis even further, while emphasizing the fact that even today, Chopin’s novel continues to represent not only literary but also philosophical value, just as it is the case with just about any works of literature that are being concerned with promotion of idea of liberation as ‘thing in itself’. Nowadays, it became a common trend among feminist critics to refer to the character of Edna Pontellier as a woman who could not possibly enjoy marital status, because of her deep-seated mistrust of men and also because Edna was a latent lesbian. For example, in her article “The Metaphorical Lesbian: Edna Pontellier in The Awakening”, Elizabeth LeBlanc states: “I contend that the true power of the novel ( The Awakening ) cannot be fully realized unless it is read not only as a feminist text, but also as a lesbian te