ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The message of inclusion, together with principles of non-discrimination and equality, is communicated repeatedly to the high school students by public authorities and educators. A bright illustration of the commonly discussed concepts is the film Radio. In contrast to the freedom of accepting disabled individual in the community, the movie depicts the destructive effects of prejudices toward a mentally impaired person through the prism of high school bullying. Synopsis Directed by Michael Tollin, the movie Radio appeared on the screen in 2003 as a heartwarming sports drama based on real-life events. The film was inspired by a true story of Harold Jones, the high school football coach from South Caroline, and a mentally impaired young male, James Robert, also known as “Radio.” Starring Ed Harris as Coach Jones and Cuba Gooding Jr. as Radio, the movie tells a unique story of mentorship, compassion, and friendship. Working for the T.L. Hanna High School in 1976, in Anderson (South Caroline), Coach Jones protects a mentally challenged 24-year-old, James Robert, from his team’s bullying. Man’s accidental act of kindness develops into a long-term friendship with Radio who undergoes a personal transformation from a shy, depressed man into a strong, independent person, serving as an inspiration to the local community. Despite the initial resistance of the towners, Roberts becomes a symbol of humanity, recognition, and kindness. Message of the Movie Though perceived as cynical or even somewhat naive by some critics, Radio encompasses eternal ideas of compassion, wholeheartedness, and inclusion, conveying an important message to the close-minded community. Despite some noticeable flawed dialogues, the movie captures the main ideas of the true story of Jones and Roberts, inviting the viewers to distinguish their priorities and rethink the value of human life. Cinematography Direction Radio is directed in the best practices of Tollin who uses a simple, straightforward, rather direct line of storytelling. To effectively depict the atmosphere of the small town in South Carolina, he deliberately chooses to avoid fancy, grotesque details that would distract the viewer from the main message of the movie. Instead of focusing on the aesthetics or setting of the film, the director puts emphasis on character development and plot dynamics in order to convey a lucid yet rewarding moral of the story. Mechanics of Movie Production The movie uses a variety of shot techniques, including but are not limited to medium-shot, over-the-shoulder shot, panning shot, tilt shot, and tracking shot. By strategically positioning the camera at various angles, the film productors were able to capture emotions of the characters without distracting the attention from the setting and background elements (Baranowski and Hecht 92). One of the c
Empirical studies on aggression have revealed the motivation behind extreme forms of aggression. Increased homicide rates are attributed to aggression. Studies in a number of industrialized countries have recorded increase in aggression with some causes of the increased form of violence being accessibility of weapons, global warming, exposure to violent media and violence against young children among others. According to Daffern, Howells, & Ogloff (2007, 104) theoretical analyses and fresh empirical discoveries have led to promising treatment of aggressive behaviour. Various authors have used different approaches to decipher the major causes of aggression and why it is prevalent in men than in women. Moreover, some studies have indicated that women are involved in indirect forms of aggression. This essay will provide an analysis of aggression as revealed in various articles. Empirical Studies on Aggression Daffern, Howells, & Ogloff, (2007, 104) describe various definitions and theories of aggression. Their article is divided into sections that delve on outcomes, routes, and sources of aggression. On the other hand, Richardson & Green (2003, 13) offer an extensive insight into the aggression phenomenon by offering a description from philosophers, scholars and men of letters. Through ethology, psychoanalytic study on patients, and psychoendocrinologic research, the authors provides an overview of various causes of aggression. Daffern, Howells, & Ogloff (2007, 107) and Rappaport & Thomas (2004, 268) classify aggression in various ways. These ways include aggression targets, whether directed to self or to others, aggression mode, whether verbal or physical, indirect or direct, and the causes of aggression, which can be medical. Subtypes of aggression such as impulsive aggression and premeditated aggression, have received considerable attention. The latter is a form of aggression not associated with frustrations or response to threats. Premeditated aggression is also known as instrumental aggression or proactive aggression. Individuals who have a clear goal in their minds perpetrate this form of aggression. Contrary, impulsive aggression has the characteristic of precipitation and autonomic arousal through provocation. This form of aggression is usually associated with emotions such as fear or anger. Rappaport & Thomas (2004, 268) reveal that impulsive aggression is response to perceived stress. This form of aggression is pathological in case the responses become exaggerated. Sometimes, impulsive aggression may be deemed defensive such as during dangerous threats. Methodologies Used An empirical analysis by Richardson & Green, (2003, 15) reveals that more people are dying from interpersonal or self-inflicted vi
Manufacturing companies have been using methods and techniques to improve productivity for many decades. However, the health care system, as any structure providing services, has its own product system, which can also be improved. The principles of Six Sigma can also be applied to this area, although health care professionals are knowledge workers (Kros & Rosenthal, 2015). The main goal of this technique is “is to reduce variation and improve quality” (Kros & Rosenthal, 2015, p. 360). In particular, the Six Sigma approach uses advanced statistical methods, integrating them into the management system with a focus on rational decision-making processes (Evans & Lindsay, 2015). Thus, the ultimate goal is to create the production process as free from defects and errors as possible. Six Sigma also has certification levels that match the holder’s managerial skills and position within the organization. Six Sigma certification levels reflect the experience of implementing the principles of quality improvement within the company’s processes. In particular, the entry-level white belt identifies that the holder has completed entry-level training. A yellow belt indicates that the professional has been involved in supporting the implementation of Six Sigma principles in the organization’s projects. It is noteworthy that Six Sigma certification levels are not unified, and each organization can set its own criteria for employees. Moreover, various organizations offer training in the principles of Six Sigma to achieve a certain belt level. Higher levels of certification require independent practical work on the integration of the principles of methodology and project implementation. Most significantly within the consideration of Six Sigma certification is the distribution of roles within the team based on their expertise. In particular, professionals with the skills and knowledge of this technique function as a team when working on projects and perform certain roles. For example, the role of a black belt is defined as a staff quality expert and a green belt as a team leader (Evans & Lindsay, 2015). Although there is no unified set of skills, a Six Sigma project manager must have all the skills to plan and control the execution of a project. Six Sigma quality improvement skills within healthcare administration activities have a number of important benefits for professionals. In particular, the principles of this methodology allow improving the quality of care patient safety, minimizing the number of errors, and expanding opportunities for leadership. As part of my
El-Nino is classified as global atmosphere phenomenon influenced by temperature fluctuations in surface waters. As may be expected, there is more surface water in the north and west, whereas water yields decrease and become more erratic to the south (Brasseur et al 1999). Superimposed on this pattern, however, are deviations from the average in the form of major El Niño flood events, at least ten of which have occurred during the past century along with episodes of drought. Such deviations rarely occur simultaneously across the region, while some unusually rainy years appear to be independent of El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing. Moreover, over the longer term before instrumentation, tree-ring data indicate several periods of extended drought. Water resources are further modified by human activity. Water transfers and the presence of hundreds of dams and thousands of debris basins and other control structures have altered average and peak discharges, sediment loads, and groundwater flows in many watersheds (Brasseur et al 1999) (Appendix, Picture 1). More opportunity forecasts are likely to present themselves as scientists refine their understanding of other cyclical large-scale ocean-atmosphere anomalies. “El Niño is the result of complex interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean” (Glantz 2001, p. 8). These are the stuff of the new science of climate prediction: changes in planetary characteristics with consequences that move from one timescale to another. On the scale of weeks, an atmospheric wave that circles the equator every 45 to 60 days provokes tropical thunderstorm activity that leads to winter storminess over the Pacific Northwest. Another important influence on North American climate is associated with El Nino -Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events over the tropical Pacific Ocean. A composite of ENSO events indicates they are commonly triggered from January to June when sea-surface temperatures rise in the equatorial Pacific from the South American coast to the International Date Line. From March to June, a pressure rise over northern AustraliaIndonesia gives a reversal of the normal Tahiti-Darwin sea level pressure gradient (the negative or low phase of the Southern Oscillation). “Warm water in the western equatorial part of the Pacific Ocean is a major source of heat that warms the atmosphere above it. This warming causes air to rise generating convection, produces rain-bearing clouds” (Glantz 2001, p. 53). During the July to December peak of the warm El Nino phase, convective activity normally located over Indonesia shifts into the central equatorial Pacific where there is strong wind convergence (Brasseur et al 1999). Concurrently, westerly wind anomalies develop over the westcentral subtropical North Pacific, continuing through the following April. ENSO events tend to favor frequent and stronger westerly flow across western North America and into Canada during the subsequent winter. Positive temperature anomalies affect the west coast from California to Alaska and all across southern Canada. Conversely, during the corresponding winters of the La Niña (cold) phase with strong Pacific easterly trade w
Introduction Climate change denotes one of the studies encounters presently faced by agronomists, conservation biologists, and plant environmentalists. With the worldwide greenhouse gas emanations projected to continue to upsurge for a significant period, the effect of eminent atmospheric and related alterations in temperature and precipitation are likely to influence the distribution of plant eco-physiology. Consequently, the impacts of anthropogenic environment shifts on plant development, reproduction, phenology, and dissemination have already instigated several debates and research articles on the tolerance of native grasses in hot and dry climatic conditions (Mganga et al., 2019). Information is vital as farmers can decide on growing native grass in hot and dry conditions. Therefore, this report aims to analyze the economic feasibility of introducing native grass production to a farming system in Australia. Background of the Study Warm-Season Grasses in the Narrabri Region The most popular grass grazed in various regions’ hot and dry climate are Bermuda grass, a non-native perennial warm-season grass, and annual grasses, such as the crabgrass. These warm-season grasses are usually associated with the hot and dry areas of various ecological areas. However, the Australian region is known for their native grass, including weeping grass, Kangaroo grass, brush-wire grass, windmill, and bottlebrush grass (Camhi et al., 2019). However, the growing climatic change compelled farmers to adopt new grass species that will enable them to satisfy the growing demand for fodder crops during warm seasons. However, the move to introduce foreign species of grass such as Bermuda grass in the region while maintaining the native grass has been faced by challenges related to the fiscal importance of the production. Executing a grazing managing plan that poizes revenue and nutritive importance is imperative to utilize the potential of warm season grasses fully. Therefore, if the warm-season grass pastures are over-consumed, the Narrabri region will be devastated, whereas if it is under-exploited, the pastures will be wasted, thus reducing the nutritional worth and delectableness of the fodder. Research recommends not grazing native warm-season grass pastures below roughly 12 inches, while numerous warm-season grasses should not be grazed below 3 inches (Jones, 2019). Consequently, farmers and agricultural stakeholders in the Narrabri region need to note that the grazing administration strategy that capitalizes on animal performance by balancing forage yield and quality can shift annually centred on weather and environmental aspects. The inconsistencies in grass production performance research can be linked to changing environmental factors within the location and time. Animal Performance on Warm Season Grasses A few research articles have examined the cow-calf and stocker productivity when relocated from entophyte-infested long fescue in the summer to a warm-season grass. The results showed that animals feeding on native warm-season grass had a sign
Marketing Issue Australian company manufacturing alcoholic products seeks to enter the Ireland market. Ireland Ireland got its independence in 1921 after a great struggle and was followed by a brief civil war, which ended in 1923. It established its constitution in 1937 and was declared a republic in 1949. It joined the European Economic Community (EEC, now the EU) in 1973. The monetary policy of the country is determined by the European Central bank whereas the fiscal policy is determined by the domestic government. Currently, the microeconomic environment remains pro-business (The Economist, 2007). The economic policy of Ireland revolves around keeping Ireland an attractive destination for FDI. However, there needs to be more improvement in public services such as transport and health. The basic statistical data for Ireland is seen in the following table 1 : Table 1. Statistical data for Ireland Annual data                                  2006(a)  Historical averages (%)             2002-06 Population (m)                               4.2      Population growth                   1.6     GDP (US$ bn; market exchange rate)           219.4    Real GDP growth                     5.3     GDP (US$ bn; purchasing power parity)        174.0    Real domestic demand growth         5.1     GDP per head (US$; market exchange rate)     51,861   Inflation                           3.3     GDP per head (US$; purchasing power parity)  41,137   Current-account balance (% of GDP)  -1.9    Exchange rate (av)€:US$                      0.80     FDI inflows (% of GDP)              4.7     (a) Actual.                                  Foreign Trade in Ireland Ireland is a small country, that holds a great deal of potential for exporters from developed countries like the US. Since the mid-1990’s, the CelticTiger’s economy has boomed. The availability of a highly educated workforce along with strong government fiscal policy has attracted good foreign direct investment. Transportation and other infrastructure are good in Ireland. There are now over 550 U.S. companies with branches in Ireland (Hanley, 2001). Consumer demand for more diverse, quality foods from overseas markets has resulted in niche market opportunities for exporters from the United States and else-where, according to Thomas Hamby, U.S. Minister Counselor for Agricultural Affairs at the American Embassy in London (Hanley, 2001). Ireland has traditionally been a liberal country when it came to consumption of alcoholic drinks and people often met at the pub. More recently, the consumption of alchol by adults is declining. One of the major threats to the alcoholic drinks industry in Ireland is the increase in the number of coffee shops on the high street. These coffee shops are positioned as meeting points and as places to relax in and hence compete with the alcoholic drinks market (The Economist, 2007). In 2006 merchandise exports amounted to US$104.7bn and imports to US$72.8bn. Thus Ireland has a big t
One of the main aspects of today’s living is the fact that, as time goes on, more and more people grow increasingly concerned about the possibility for robots (endowed with artificial intelligence) to eventually replace humans, as the next step of evolution. There is, however, much of a controversy to the issue in question – whereas, some social scientists consider the mentioned prospect thoroughly plausible, others believe that there are no objective preconditions to expect that the exponential progress in the field of IT will eventually deem the representatives of Homo Sapiens species ‘outdated’. The validity of this suggestion can be illustrated, in regards to the 2004 article Twenty-First Century – The Beginning of Human Immortality by Alexander Bolonkin and the 2003 article Artificial Intelligence and the Future by William Clocksin. The reason for this is that these articles provide the conceptually incompatible outlooks on what artificial intelligence (AI) really is, and on what account for the qualitative aspects of its functioning. This, of course, implies that the reading of both articles is a must for just about anyone, who strives to form its own logically substantiated opinion, regarding the hypothetical prospect at stake. The main idea, promoted throughout the entirety of Bolonkin’s article, is that the very laws of evolution presuppose the process of people growing increasingly less ‘biological’, which in turn suggests that one day; it will indeed become possible saving one’s consciousness (soul) onto the computer’s hard-drive – hence, allowing humans to attain immortality. Moreover, it will also result in the creation of the so-called ‘e-creatures’, who will have very little to do with the former ways of humanity. As the author pointed out: “E-creatures will be made of super strong steels and alloys, their brain will be working on radioactive batteries, and power will be supplied by compact nuclear reactors, they will not need air, warmth, water, food, clothes, shelter…” (Bolonkin 1540). This idea, however, appears utterly inconsistent with the line of argumentation (as to the prospects of AI), contained in Clocksin’s article. According to the author, one’s intelligence is not being solely concerned with the processing of data in the algorithmic manner, as it happened to be the case with AI – it reflects the varying ability of the concerned individual to properly react to the externally induced stimuli. As Clocksin noted: “The architecture of animal brains… (is) quite different from the digital computer: a densely interconnected network having comparatively low transmission rate exhibiting alarmingly high levels of stochasticity” (1726). What it means is that, in order for a particular neurologic
Introduction Documentaries are non-fiction movies created with the intention to document real events, people, and phenomena for instruction or maintenance of historical records. As a genre, documentary films have been around for quite some time; however, recently, they have arguably started to gain more traction than ever. The present paper discusses Errol Morris’s The Thin Blue Line – a documentary revolving around the life of Randall Dale Adams. This essay provides an analysis of the most prominent themes in The Thin Blue Line. In particular, the essay delves into the nature of justice: it argues that indifference for the human condition are not necessarily characteristics of exceptional evil. On the contrary, depending on the upbringing and life circumstances, anyone may be cruel to their fellow humans. The Thin Blue Line In 1976, Randall Dale Adams, a 27-year-old American, and his brother left their home state of Ohio moved to California. On the way there, the two brothers stopped at Dallas to celebrate Thanksgiving night. The following Saturday, Adams went to work that he had been offered recently, but no one else turned up. As Adams was driving home, his car ran out of fuel. On that fateful day, David Ray Harris, a juvenile who had just turned sixteen, spotted the man stranded on the road and offered help. Little did Adams know that despite his young age, Harris had quite a problematic legal history. He was driving a car that he had stolen in Texas; besides, the teenager kept a loaded pistol and a shotgun for which he did not have a license. Adams and Harris got along and spent the next day together: t