ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Qatar is an Arab country that draws sufficient attention to promoting cultural, social, economic, political, and environmental development. That is why Qatar National Vision 2030 appeared to explain what strategic goals the country had. The Human Development pillar is an essential part of this document, demonstrating that Qatar focuses on improving the quality of people’s lives. In particular, Qatar National Vision 2030 promotes human development by addressing workforce issues. This statement denotes that Qatari authorities invest in certification and training programs, create professional and management roles in numerous business sectors, and provide Qatari women with increased vocational support and opportunities (General Secretariat for Development Planning, 2008). This information demonstrates that Qatar is witnessing a context that welcomes initiatives to make the life of Qatari citizens better and solve the existing issues. A significant problem refers to limited employment opportunities for fresh graduates, which results in a few pain points for the nation and requires a prototype of a specific platform to improve the situation. Defining the Problem As has been mentioned above, the issue under consideration is associated with an insufficient number of employment opportunities for fresh graduates. The more formal problem statement is as follows: Fresh graduates need more job opportunities in the private sector because they are currently suffering from the lack of entry-level positions. It is worth admitting that a set of interrelated and complex processes and events could have contributed to the problem, and that is why they will be described in detail below. Firstly, the given problem exists because the number of Qatari graduates keeps increasing with every passing year. Figure 1 by the Planning and Statistics Authority (2019) demonstrates that there were “21,000 students in 2012/2013 and 34,000 in 2017/2018” (p. 46). This information indicates that the period of 2012-2018 saw a 3% annual growth rate regarding the number of students (Planning and Statistics Authority, 2019, p. 46). There is no doubt that this fact leads to an increased number of graduates in the country. Figure 2 proves this thought and depicts that the number of university graduates rose from 2,284 in 2013 to more than 6,000 individuals in 2018, and the portion of female graduates accounted for 42% (Planning and Statistics Authority, 2019, p. 48). Consequently, this information a
Infections contribute to the adverse health consequences more probably in hospital settings. A myriad of pathogenic agents contends to invade the hygienic chain of susceptible individuals. The underlying reasons that are responsible for the problem may be a sterile-free hospital environment that has become a breeding ground for the pathogenic microorganisms. The microorganisms even become drug-resistant and continue their life cycle. The management of such microorganism-led infections has become a major task for health care professionals. These infections are better regarded as nosocomial infections. These infections contribute to conditions like sepsis to a higher degree. It was reported that most infections originate in departments of pediatrics or neonatal units, intensive care units (ICU). Adults also run the risk of acquiring infections. Adult nosocomial infection rates in ICUs are 5-10 times more than that of general ward patients (Trilla, 1994). Emerging incidence rates claim 1.7 million infections and 99,000 mortalities per annum in countries like the United States. There are several research reports across the globe as far as the adverse health impact of nosocomial infections. There is a need to explore them to gain better insights into the emerging trends in nosocomial infections. The surveillance data from Japan has indicated a high incidence of nosocomial infections in ICUs across various hospitals of the country (Machi Suka, Katsumi Yoshida & Jun Takezawa, 2008). This was found to be significantly correlated with mortality and duration of hospital stay (Machi Suka, Katsumi Yoshida & Jun Takezawa, 2008). This study has compared their findings with that of the United States and described that they had a narrow focus on the nosocomial infection epidemiology, indicating the need for a good number of surveillance studies. The ultimate objective was to prepare a curriculum and methodology for determining the data related to the surveillance of infection which might facilitate the infection monitoring authorities to build –up their independent or surveill
Reasons for higher tariffs on Agricultural goods Tariffs are higher on agricultural commodities compared to industrial products due to high international protection accorded to the farm products. The existing disparities in tariffs allow some countries to protect their agricultural sectors at the expense of other competitors within the global market. Such distortions create significant barriers to markets, especially for competitive producers of agricultural commodities. Generally, tariffs affect three parties comprising of the country imposing the tariff, the exporting country, and the country importing commodities (Gibson et al., 2001, pp. 3-24). Effects of tariffs on prices of domestic and imported goods Tariffs contribute towards adjustment of costs on goods within local markets. All products crossing borders are taxed based on the tariffs of the country involved it determines prices of the commodities within the country. Imposing tariffs increase the prices of imported goods hence reduces competition, which otherwise could have been felt by domestic producers. The differences in agricultural tariffs interfere with farm production, and in such cases, countries tend to grow products that are heavily protected than those in which they are competitive internationally (Moroney and Sullivan, 2006). Effects of tariffs on consumers and businesses Domestic producers are not always subjected to the act of reducing prices for their products owing to high prices attached to imported commodities. It makes consumers pay highly for imported goods. Also, tariffs distort market signals, which are normally used in the processes of economic resource distribution hence influencing the nature of business operations. High tariffs lead to higher prices, which ultimately affect the nature of supply since farmers respond by increasing output. In the long run, consumers tend to respond by buying less due to higher prices hence affecting the demand (Gibson et al., 2001, pp. 3-24). The effects felt within domestic markets at times are the same in the global market. It is since the aspect of increased supply and less demand has the capability of reducing levels of import. Necessity of tariffs Tariffs are necessary since they provide the best tool used in protecting domestic industries. Various countries provide the necessary protection (on local sectors and commodities) against competition from imported commodities through the use of tariffs. At the same time tariffs offer channels of income transfer across the value-added chain and also from consumers to producers. However, it has some spillover effects when imposed on higher rates since it has the c
Intensive Care Units are often susceptible to danger, risky procedures, or mismanagement of care. As such, it is essential to establish clear and traceable care quality indicators which will allow hospital staff to react accordingly. Additionally, it will benefit medical boards in planning better care programs and solutions to risk-high environments within medical facilities. Some of these care quality indicators include rates of unplanned extubations within specific hospitals as well as on a national scale. The rate of unplanned extubations within Intensive Care Units is an evident indicator of the safety and care of a healthcare organization. Unplanned extubations, or UEs, are classified as accidental or self-extubation. Cases of accidental extubation refer to patients experiencing involuntarily-induced effects during nursing care or medical procedure. In the current research, a definite rate has not been found, as incidences vary from 0.3% to 35.8% in different studies (Lucchini, 2018). Self-extubation occurs when the patient disrupts the medical procedure themselves. ICUs are settings with a likely high risk of danger and familiarity with potential harm in relation to patients. Much of the negative effects may stem from interference with the provided treatment such as self-removed support or monitoring equipment on a varied scale of invasiveness. Such actions can sway the medical consequences, each with its own severity and danger to the patient’s wellbeing. As such, a substantial portion of the care’s quality is indicated by incidences of positive or negative outcomes. Patients are not the only group affected by possible mishaps, as nurses are often the ones that bear significant responsibility. Some of their tasks include managing and protecting the patients from injury and maintaining the integrity of hospital equipment and devices. In cases of unplanned extubation, a part of the concern is also focused on preserving the quality of endotracheal tubes. Thus, in the cases of
The Harlem Renaissance, a period spanning roughly the decades of the 1920s and 1930s, is frequently referred to as a literary movement, but the movement also encompassed a great explosion of African-American expression in many venues that celebrated the unique heritage, art forms, sights, and sounds that were the African-American experience. It was through the literature that much of this expression came to the attention of the rest of the nation, enabling it to have the tremendous impact it did on its own as well as future generations. One of the literary artists that gained the most recognition during this period was Langston Hughes. Hughes came into his professional years just as the Harlem Renaissance was becoming recognized on a more national scale and worked to reinforce the proud heritage from which he came in poems such as “The Negro Speaks of Rivers.” In “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”, Hughes manages to capture a sense of the long history and cultural memories that run through the black people. He does this by employing metaphors that paint an image for his readers: “I’ve known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow / of human blood in human veins”. This statement brings to mind the concept of the rivers as the lifeblood of the planet. This metaphor immediately causes the reader to think on a much grander scale than they are accustomed to, which forces them to consider the vast span of time that has taken place between the time when the rivers started flowing and the time when mankind first started walking the planet. That these first men were his kind of men (in other words, black men) is emphasized in the first-person association with those places that have long been recognized as the cradle of man – the Euphrates, the Congo, the Nile. By invoking these locations, Hughes takes his readers on a whirlwind journey from the birth of man to the deepest, darkest jungles to the birthplace of civilization itself, emphasizing all along that he has been there, “My soul has grown deep like the rivers”. Through natural progression, he remembers each step that has been taken, including the last, when he “heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went / down to New Orleans”. In this last image, he includes the years of slavery and oppression as well as freedoms won and the birthplace of jazz, thoughts that lead toward the future just as the mighty river turns “all golden in the sunset”. With such a long line of traceable history and exploration, creativity and ability to survive, perseverance and innovation, he can indeed claim that his “soul has grown deep like the rivers”. With his careful linking of brilliant creativity, highlighting not only his own abilities but the abilities of his fellow black men as well, and his sense of history and perseverance of the race, it is no surprise that Langston Hughes emerged as the spokesperson for the Harlem Renaissance. He celebrated his people’s accomplishments even while he acknowledged their weakness
The Ukita family has a medium degree of well-being because it owns all necessary household appliances, including the washing machine, two TV sets, the microwave oven, and the kitchen machine. The children and parents are well dressed and they have enough clothing in their wardrobe. They also have a family car, which is another necessary attribute of wealth. As per the Skeen family, it has relatively similar level of well-being because they have enough household appliances, two cars, and good furniture. They also garage for their automobile. Both the Japanese family and the American family seem to be happy and well off, but in a difference sense. The Ukita family is more concerned with material well-being, which can be judged from the things that are placed in front of the house. Besides, the family itself is sitting around the table and watching TV. Therefore, it can be concluded that the parents are more interested on earning more money and become richer. Despite their focus on household values, the Ukita family still adheres to the Japanese traditions by eating traditional dishes and sitting at the table without shoes on. The family leaves the shoes outside the kitchen before entering the room. In contrast, the Skeen family attaches much more importance to spiritual and cultural values rather than to the material ones. Mrs. Skeen holding the Bible is another evidence of the family’s adherence to religion and traditions. The wall with family photos handing on it is another thing that supports the family’s adherence to family values. Therefore, the members of the Skeen family are less concerned with material well-being because all household appliances are placed in the background of the photo. Aside from economic well-being, the photos depict the differences in social well-being and its influence on the families. In particular, the Ukita family is depicted as sitting in front of the TV and watching news. So, it is possible to suggest that they are interested in what is going on in the world, but are less concerned with what is going on in the neighboring house. In contrast, the Skeen family rely less on mass media because they are more focused on face-to-face communication. They are more open-minded and less prejudiced. Environmental issues are also brightly illustrated in the photo. Hence, the Skeen family considers environmental problems a priority because all of the furniture items seem to be made up from the ecologically pure materials. Unlike the Skeens, the Ukita do not pay much attention to the environment because there is no sign of their interest in the surrounding world. While comparing these two families, it should be stressed that the Japanese family is under greater influence of popular culture and consumerism trends because all of the items presented are traditional objects that an average family should have, including clothing, appliances, and car. Unlike the Japanese interior, the American family is more likely to stay beyond the media culture expansion because they are less attracted with the material values. The poses of the Skeen member are also more open and they look happier than Japanese family members. Allo
Background The Memorial Hermann Health care system in Texas has a history that extends 100 years even though its outlook today took shape in 1990s when Memorial and Hermann systems merged. The memorial hospital was started by the Rev. Dennis Pevoto when he purchased an 18-bed sanitarium in a downtown neighborhood in Houston with an aim of establishing a hospital for all regardless of religion, ability to pay and race. Rev. Pevoto was then the superintendent of the then Baptist Sanatorium and worked hard to see the growth of the hospital and its mission. The Hermann hospital, on the other hand, started in 1914 when George H. Hermann left his $2.4 million fortune for the building and maintenance of a hospital meant to benefit the poor and sick. It began operation in 1925, and the people who began this hospital believed that medical services should be made accessible to everyone. The hospital focused n saving lives, giving people a chance to face illness with courage (McManis Consulting, 2011). After the merger of the two hospital systems, the Memorial Hermann has become the largest non-profit healthcare system in Texas. The organization serves the larger Houston community through its 11 hospitals, 7 Cancer treatment centers, 3 heart and vascular institute, 27 sports medicine and rehab centers. The Texas medical center has also grown to become the biggest medical center around the globe world. The mission of this health care system still remains to provide quality healthcare services to all people in Southeast Texas (Burke Center, 2009). A SWOT analysis into the health care system will evaluate its strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. SWOT analysis Strengths One of the greatest strength of Memorial Hermann is location. The organization has many hospitals, clinics, and service outlets in the Houston Metropolitan area, which are found, in 129 locations and with 21,000 employees (Burke Center, 2009). Has the greatest market share of the hospital inpatient in Texas with 34% of the market. It has 11 hospitals with the largest one being MHH Texas Medical Center with 860 beds, eight suburban hospitals, 3 hearts and vascular institutes, a rehabilitation hospital and research institute, a children’s hospital, 8 comprehensive cancer centers and a Neuroscience institute (McManis Consulting, 2011). After the Merger of the two hospital systems, the strategy focused on building market share and financial strength. The focus has shifted now to working in an environment where service providers are more accountable and risk for performance which is more responsive by becoming more integrated and working on the quality and cost of services (Burke Center, 2009). This strategy borrows from other industries such as commercial aviation and US Navy submarines especially in instituting patient safety. An environment of transparency and “just culture” in the organization where people can speak of what is going on without being victimized or penalized is strength in the organization. According to the one of the directors, Charles Stoke, employees can say what they think is being done wrong and proactive actions taken to improve the si
Abstract The focus of this study was to analyze the value that people attach to status earned through achievement versus that acquired through ascription. The researcher collected data from primary and secondary sources. The findings show that many people in the Middle East and North Africa attach more value to an ascribed power. People from royal families are respected for who they are irrespective of their capabilities. On the other hand, western countries attach great significance to what people can or have achieved when defining their status. The conclusion made emphasizes the need to reconcile the two approaches to determining an individual’s position. As society assigns status based on the core competencies of an individual, it is necessary to respect the influence that comes with an ascribed power of a person. Introduction The concepts of achievement and ascription are two extremes when describing the positions and roles of people in an organizational setting. According to Hamerstone and Musser Hough (2013), the concepts often present a dilemma in management when it is not clear whether the emphasis should be placed on ascribed or achieved positions. Achieved status is gained through consistent work and clear demonstration of the capacity to accomplish specific goals. The achievers believe they can climb the social ladder through commitment and consistent improvement of core competencies. On the other hand, ascribed status is achieved through being a member or part of a given family or organization. To earn an ascribed position, one does not necessarily need to go through extensive training in a given field. A close relationship between a job applicant and a business owner may be the main qualification that one needs to be in the top management position. Such an individual may become a leader of people with impressive academic backgrounds even if he or she has a basic education. Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1998) observe that the situation causes a serious dilemma in the management process. Depending on the culture that is embraced within a given organization, emphasis may be placed on ascribed or achieved status. In this paper, the researcher was interested in determining whether the modern Emirati society leans more towards ascription or achievement when assigning status to individuals. Literature Review Understanding the Concepts of Ascription and Achievement The status that is accorded to a given person is often based on two main factors. The first factor is the ascribed status. It depends on the place which a person holds in society. It is no matter what they have done to earn such a position (Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 1998). In the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed bin Zayed bin Sultan Al-Nahyan is considered the crown prince, not because of the training and achievements earned within the country, but by the virtue of being the son of the king. The same case is witnessed in the Kingdom of S