ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Liberal ideal can be termed as a belief in progress and science, the rule of law, expansion of democracy, free markets and production of individual liberties. Different scholars have contributed towards development of liberalism field and as a result there are a number of documents addressing the subject. This paper will critically analyze primary historical documents by showing how the authors of the documents support or challenge the liberal ideals and why. A source of twentieth century global history is a book used as a primary source reader text designed with intentions of supplementing twentieth century history courses. It contains both visual and textual sources from different locations in the world. The book has a general introduction chapter and is divided into different sections. Chapter four highlights the writer’s ideas on church opposition to general society matters. It was written by James Overfield, a Denison university graduate who had a lot interest in studying social history. Overfield did research on church reforms and contributed greatly towards Germany’s pre-formation. Laozi, a famous 6 th century Chinese philosopher is another great contributor to the liberalism field. He authored a text called Tao Te Ching, which suggested that; rulers were not supposed to involve themselves in matters of the society. People should be independent without and should work without any interference from their leaders, something which he viewed as causing unintended side effects. According to him, Leaders are supposed to guide but not to rule hence should never meddle with other people’s affairs. Banuchi Spinoza from the Netherlands was another great contributor to the field and wrote an article titled Tracticus theologio-politicus. The articles strongly defended separation of the state, church and democracy. He supported secular governments and viewed freedom as the catalyst of human actions by arguing that people know why they do things. He also stated that people know the end results of their actions; hence they should not be forced to conform to specific expectations. Between the periods of 1689 to 1755, a philosopher from France called Charles de Montesquieu wrote a book known as the spirit of laws in which he explained the separation of powers in society and government. He supported the division of the government through formation of the legislature, judiciary and the executive. His views were not meant to contradict the established laws of any country or state. He gave England as a good example whereby the constitution subdivided the powers of the monarchy and split parliament along class lines. He impacted greatly on American and French revolutionaries such as napoleon. Countries such as Finland were not left behind in contributing towards liberalism. Anders Chydenius who lived when Finland was still part of Sweden between 1729 and 1803 wrote a book titled Den Nationale Winsten. In his book, Ander conveyed similar ideas and thoughts concerning national gains with another philosopher known as Adam Smith. Smith’s book was titled as Wealth of nation and was about foundations of liberalism and capitalis
Introduction The transformational processes taking place in the contemporary Middle Eastern community are multilateral. One of them is related to shifts in the dominant ideology and the structure of the educational system. Nowadays, many Muslim states try to adhere to liberal views and ideas. Due to this, there is a need for the transformation of the value system incorporated in various social institutions and schools, in particular. The school is one of the most important agents of socialization. At the same time, education is an important factor in individuals’ social mobility, i.e., one’s ability to acquire higher social status, grow professionally, and succeed in life. Thus, the importance of school, as well as educational models, classroom environments, and instructional practices applied there cannot be underestimated. In the given essay, we will review and analyze the issues associated with gender segregation in education focusing on the Middle East. The purpose of the paper is to identify which education environment − single-sex or co-educational − is associated with better effects on students’ academic performance and the overall social development in the selected region. To do so, we will review the social-cultural factors which influence the education system in the Middle Eastern countries, and provide the analysis of opposing views on gender segregation in schools. Overview of Social-Cultural Factors In most of the Middle Eastern states, societies are gender-segregated because of the conservative traditions and views on gender. According to El-Sanabary (1994), in predominantly Muslim societies, men and women are seen as complementary to each other rather than equal. Throughout the time in the Middle East, gender segregation has been traditionally perceived as “honorable seclusion of women” and was closely interrelated with such values as modesty and reverence (Thompson, 2003, p. 57). Protecting women’s reputation is of a large concern there and, for a long time, females could be criticized for being seen in mixed settings in the company of males (AlMatrouk, 2016). In accordance with traditions, males and females in the Middle Eastern countries are still usually associated with different lifestyles and social roles. Moreover, many professional and academic institutions are segregated by gender. For instance, in Kuwait, gender segregation in public schools and universities is enforced by national policies (AlMatrouk, 2016). The same situation can be observ
The minimum acceptable remuneration that an employer should pay an employee has been a source of contention among diverse parties with conflicting opinions about the importance and drawbacks of laws on minimum wages. Pursuance of regulation on wages in the 19 th century set the stage for the formation of trade unions and other bodies that seek to protect the concept of controlled wages. Major aspects of focus concerning the minimum wage revolve around the standards of living, socioeconomic status, equality, opportunities, and improvement of business effectiveness. The inexistence of a linear relationship between minimum wages and levels of employment highlights the need for an expansive interpretation of economic factors that influence employment. An analysis of the concept of the minimum wage in the context of economic models and empirical studies illustrates the positive and negative aspects concerning setting wage levels. The concept of supply and demand dictates that employment is subject to the equilibrium between labor demand and supply, which incorporates all economic factors. The supply-demand curve is such that as the number of workers increases, the level of wages decreases while as the number of workers decreases, the level of wages increases. In this regard, the supply and demand for labor determine the level of wages in a natural manner without human interference, and establishing institutions to determine the level of wages is likely to alter the balance between demand and supply (Sherman, Hunt, Nesiba, O’Hara and Wiens-Tuers 377). Considering that there is a greater supply of low-skilled labor in comparison to high-skilled labor, setting minimum wages will force employers to minimize recruitment within the low-skill labor market, which will affect a significant portion of the population. On the other hand, the high-skilled labor market will remain largely unaffected because of its importance to employers and the fact that the segment constitutes only a limited number of individuals. Therefore, policies on a minimum wage can only be productive if the focus is on reducing the minimum wage, which would ensure that the low-skilled labor market continues to thrive and prevent the increase in levels of unemployment in a country. The concept of employment as a factor of equilibrium between the demand and supply of labor has come under criticism due to assumptions that fail to consider aspects of market elasticity. Inelastic demand for certain products creates a scenario whereby the employer transfers the cost of production to the consumer rather than regulation the size of the workforce. In this regard, the increase in wages will lead to increased prices of a product without causing the laying-off of workers because the high inelasticity of the product ensures that the demand for the product continues to thrive. Furthermore, in the view of the balance of power between employers and employees, setting minimum wages could be productive by ensuring that wages and employment are within the optimal levels of the product of labor. Therefore, laws on a minimum wage would act as a form of regulation that ensures emplo
The vital nature of the energy sector makes it a target for international cyberattacks, and new, improved cybersecurity infrastructure needs to be developed urgently. Significance of the Topic The energy production and supply sector of the United States remains subject to high risks of foreign cyberattacks. Such a development poses serious threats to the national security of the country, as any disruptions of the energy framework compromise the safety of its residents. The stable supply of energy is the key to the normal functioning of American society, as it fuels all essential industries that ensure the vitality of the nation. Communication, transportation, and data analysis are now easier than they have ever been before. Computers can perform complex calculations in
Introduction Dementia is one of the most common disorders in society that is associated with the loss of cognitive ability in aged adults. The condition may stem from brain injury or disease, which may interfere with the mind of an individual. Dementia presents a wide range of syndromes that entail language problems, memory loss, difficulties in communication, and problem-solving ability. To solve the problem, different measures are used with various levels of effectiveness. It is in this regard that is study highlights the management of dementia condition concerning the question stated below. Framing of the Question How effective is reminiscence group therapy in eliminating symptoms of depression in dementia patients? The above-stated research question can be analyzed using the PICO model as stated below.   * Patient or Population : Patients with dementia   * Anticipated intervention : Reminiscence group therapy   * Current standard : Non-Pharmacological tool   * Outcome : Reducing depressive symptoms Search Strategy Five scholarly articles were identified for the topic. The articles presented information that could be used for evidence-based practice since the information provided the correlation between reminiscence group and its effectiveness as a non-pharmacological tool for reducing symptoms of depression. The scholarly articles include the following: Blake, M. (2013). Group reminiscence therapy for adults with dementia: a review. British Journal of Community Nursing , 18(5), 228-233. Bohlmeijer, E. Kramer, J. Smit, F. Onrust, S, & Marwijk, H. (2009).The effects of integrative reminiscence on depressive symptomatology and mastery of older adults. Community Mental Health Journal , 45(6), 476-484. Croucher, M. (2009). Effects of reminiscence group in elderly people with Alzheimer disease and the vascular dementia in a community setting. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 7(2), 167-273. Robinson L, Hutchings D, Dickinson HO, et al. (2009). Effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia: a systematic review. International journal of Geriatrics Psychiatry, 22 (1), 9–22 Van, P.J., & Maes, B. (2009). The Effect of Reminiscence Group Work on Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem and Mood of Ageing People with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Applied Res Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), 23-33. Resources Electronic Databases        Research or Professional Organizations                    Experts in the Field to Consult
Many global investors have poured their resources in emerging market economies because of the returns accrued, which is higher compared to investments in advanced market economies. The returns are not necessarily high for the emerging market economies. External financing is always accompanied by high social costs to the countries with emerging market economies. Moreover, volatile external financing may reduce economic growth of such countries because of some uncertainties involved. It is for this reason that government should intervene and place controls on this economic aspect. Too much intervention by the government is not productive because side effects will also arise, e.g., if a government imposes a limit to the amount of cash that can be ploughed into a country for investment, the investor may be limited to a strict budget. This may deprive the country from gaining other benefits, e.g. infrastructure. Investors sometimes build roads and bridges for easy access and transportation of goods to the locations of investment. These remain the assets of the host country. It is very critical that the government limit their restrictions by formulating favorable policies. Governments should issue contracts to all investors. These contracts should explain in detail the length of time that the investors will stay. In addition to this, the contracts should restrict pulling out of the investors until a certain stage in the process of market liberalization is reached. This is better than having no contracts, and allowing investors to emerge markets at will. In so doing, the government plays an important role; they ensure that there is a constant and continuous accumulation of capital within the country. Without contracts specifying the stay of investors in a country, they may decide to pull out their resources and capital as they wish. This is very dangerous to the economy of any country because the assets in that country may become less valued. The main reason why investors may decide to pull out of a country in the course of their stay is loss of faith in that country’s economy. Since the economic stability of most developing countries is uncertain, it is wise for them to give contracts (specifying the duration of stay, and the time to pull out) to investors. Capital flight occurs when the capital injected by investors rapidly flows out of the country. This takes place when inv
Introduction Communicating in a Multicultural Workplace is a matter of great importance. With a flow of time companies more and more tried to implement the most optimal decisions for making their global internal communication productive. Some of the points concerned with this idea presuppose the need for making communication more comprehensive and effective for making production process reliable and competitive. In other words, people are intended to have skills in communication with other people, so that a multicultural dimension of a workplace represented no obstacles in a process of a company’s development. Discussion Social issue Many people are convinced that there is no problem while working in a multicultural or multinational workspace. In reality there are several reasons of why such perspective seems to be difficult. First of all, in the United States still there is a huge problem of racial discrimination, which is not solved yet. In this respect it is a challenge for a company to make the administration understand the value of this issue. As the company is directed to achieve positive results in its activities with partners and customers, then it should correlate the work of departments as for a good functioning, as if they are separated and produce their kind of products or services. In this case, issues of ethnicity and cultural coloring of the company should be statistically analyzed by the top personnel in terms of communicating and gaining of positive feedbacks from every department. Technological issue Second, living in the era of high technologies and a major flow of scientific research in the field of information systems it is convenient and strategically vital to implement different IT technologies. It would support communication not only in a multicultural, but also in a multinational workspace. The use of information systems in a global estimation of a company’s elaboration provides a quicker communication and link between parent company and its subsidiaries throughout the world. 2.0 web technologies provide businesses with social networks and internal platforms for the urge of the personnel verification. The significance of suchlike “web” relationships provides an easier and more convenient way for communication. Moreover, there is no necessity to meet with a person due to his/her business during a definite period of time. Multinational dimension of the workplace needs to be equipped with newly updated software for making information
Shakespeare employs the use of irony to convey his message to his audiences. The use of irony creates exciting scenes and makes the audiences identify with the characters. There are several instances of use of irony in the play. Shakespeare uses irony significantly to demonstrates Othello’s prejudice. This is probably the ultimate irony in the play. Critics have focused their attention on Othello has the victim of Elizabethan prejudice. Ironically, Othello commits a shocking act of prejudice in the play against his wife, Desdemona. He refers to his faithful wife as “cunning whore” that must suffer for unfaithfulness with her life. Othello blindly refuses to prove the innocence of his wife and summarily execute her. Othello is a good man who commits ironical act of murder. This is an ironical act of prejudice against Desdemona (woman). Audiences know that Desdemona is a victim of Iago’s evil plots against Othello. However, Othello neither knows the innocence’s of his wife nor Iago’s evil schemes. Irony drives the scenes in Othello. The audiences know Iago as an evil man. However, he is masquerading as a man of honor. Iago assertively declares his good name in the play by extolling himself as “ Good name in man and woman, dear my lord. Is the immediate jewel of their souls……But he that filches from me my good name, Robs me of that which not enriches him . And makes me poor indeed ” (Shakespeare 185). Iago, a jealous man from the beginning of the play, pretends to befriend Othello and speaks to him about the danger of jealousy. Therefore, it is ironical for Iago to warn Othello of jealously as follows “ O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; It is the green-ey’d monster which doth mock, The meat it feeds on… .” (Shakespeare 193). Anagnorisis is a time of recognition of unknown or unsuspected truth in Greek tragedies. Anagnorisis emanated from the works of Aristotle. The idea forms a turning point in Greek tragedy. The protagonist recognizes his tragic mistakes almost at the end of the play leading to his failure and downfall. Shakespeare uses recognition in Othello whereby the tragic hero wrongly murders his wife leading to Othello’s downfall in the play. Othello must get a form of recognition in order to make his fate as well as the play tragic. There are no chances of saving the victim of the tragic hero. Otherwise, the play will not be tragic. Shakespeare cleverly relates his plots to create anagnorisis leading to the climax of the play. This creates a catharsis among the audiences. Recognition depends on the doubts, beliefs and skepticism of the main characters in the play. Othello demands that Desdemona confesses her infidelity to him as he prepares to kill her. Othello tells Desdemona thus “ If you bethink yourself of any crime unreconciled as yet to heaven and grace, solicit for it straight ” (Shakespeare 156). Othello believes that he acted fairly by killing his wife. R
A Business Impact Analysis (BIA) entails the procedure of identifying the essential business activities and required resources to ensure continued operation in the event of a business function or process interruption. It predicts the consequences of business disruption and collects the necessary information for recovery (Huang et al., 2020). Organizations use the BIA in developing and implementing practical business continuity plans. Companies that have effectively implemented the business impact analysis can recover their operations notwithstanding the condition or circumstance (Huang et al., 2020). The development of an operational BIA incorporates the establishment of component priorities, determination of component reliance and dependency and informing personnel of their roles in the recovery strategies. Methods for Establishing Component Priorities There are many ways involved in developing component priorities during BIA. The identification of business functions and processes is essential in establishing the component priorities. This includes the determination of the organization’s business activities and processes to identify its goals. It specifies the departments that are responsible for ensuring the procedures are completed effectively. Furthermore, it indicates the amount of time required to accomplish the various business tasks and processes. The business functions of an organization include purchasing, human resources, marketing, production, researching and accounting and finance. Business functions and procedures are essential in establishing component priorities since they describe the business operations that are being analyzed. They also play an important role in BIA by providing ways in which the assessment is going to be conducted. Moreover, BIA scenarios and components have a significant duty in developing component priorities. There are several components of a business impact analysis; the exploratory component of BIA determines the weaknesses of the business processes and functions. It entails identifying both short-term and long-term risks that may arise during the execution of business processes and operations (Hassel & Cedergren, 2021). These risks may include machine breakdowns, power failures, employee nonattendance, property damages and failure of any other necessary factors for conducting the business operations. On the other hand, the planning component develops recovery measures that can be implemented to reduce the potential risks to the business operations. For instance, an analysis of what happens in varied scenarios may be applied to gather information on nature and possible solutions to potential threats. Furthermore, the planning component develops procedures that can be applied to alleviate the risks if they emerge. The financial and service impact of components not being ava
The Northwestern Memorial Hospital is fundamentally focused on ensuring that it gives the best services to customers. To achieve such a purpose, the facility has a well-designed customer experience model used in the collection of feedback from patients. First, patients who visit the hospital are asked to give their views concerning the quality of care they have received from caregivers. Second, the hospital’s website runs a special section on its menu dedicated to customer satisfaction through collection of feedback after serving them. The management of the hospital then uses the collected feedback to improve the manner in which its staff handles customers (North Western Memorial Hospital, 2015). For instance, the hospital trains its staff on the essentials of proper communication with the patients because it fees it is