ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The face of the nursing profession in the US is about to change. As it stands, the country’s healthcare system has many deficiencies, is exorbitantly expensive, and faces a cadre supply crisis. The number of patients is expected to grow in the next 20-30 years, while the number of recruited and trained nurse specialists will not be enough to accommodate them all. In the light of these events, nursing is to be transformed, with an emphasis on removing practice barriers, improving quality of care, and reducing expenditures. Pay-for-Performance – an Emerging Trend in Healthcare Law Healthcare in the US is evolving to better serve its customers and provide the highest value per dollar spent. The purpose of such a motion is to help reduce costs by increasing the quality of care, decreasing rehospitalization incidents, and providing healthcare workers with an incentive to perform well the first time. This trend has been encompassed in Medicare statutes and further implemented in various state laws, such as in New York (The Greater Buffalo United Accountable Care Organization), California Pay-for-Performance program. The introduction of levels of Value-based purchasing (VBP) as a means of reimbursing hospitals for the successful delivery of care (Mossialos, Wenzl, Osborn, & Sarnak, 2016). These laws have a major effect on nursing roles and responsibilities. Nursing practice is shaped to deliver successful care in one go, with significant disincentives provided to prevent them from doing a poor job resulting in patients coming back for additional treatments. As a result, the demands towards effectiveness and nurse training are increased (Mossialos et al., 2016). In order to deliver a higher standard of care, healthcare professionals have to engage in practices of life-long learning, constantly adding to their existing skillset and updating their knowledge on the latest practices. Many nurses understand their critical role and responsibility for other peoples’ health and lives, which is why they have been entering universities to get additional education (IOM, 2016). The difference between a physician and a fully-trained nursing practitioner (NP) is getting thinner and thinner, which helps remove barriers to practice, which currently exist in various states. Quality Measures, Pay for Performance, and Patient Outcomes Pay for Performance has been a controversial issue since its introduction in 2010. In theory, it was supposed to increase accountability and incentivize healthcare providers to improve their standards of care. Bastian, Kang, Nembhard, Bloschichak, and Griffin (2016) report that Quality Blue, a P4P program implemented in Pennsylvania, helped reduce the incidence of
Nottingham is a city located in the central part of the United Kingdom. It is a popular destination among tourists and international students, as it has several reputable education institutions. Despite its rich history, the city does not have a wide range of museums available, which means that both residents and tourists have limited opportunities to explore the city’s past. The present report will show that a history museum would be the most appropriate choice for Nottingham, as it reflects the needs of citizens and visitors alike. According to the Census 2011 data, Nottingham has a population of 305,680 people, which constitutes almost one half of the county’s population (Nottingham City Council 2). The racial makeup of the city is different from the rest of the county, with a higher share of mixed, Asian, and Black ethnic groups (Nottingham City Council 3). The vast part of the population is of working age and has a high level of education, having completed either high school or a university. Among the biggest employers in the city are its universities and branches of UK companies. Given the fact that the population of the city is diverse, young, and educated, the citizens would be interested in learning more about the history of the city. This is also true for visitors, including tourists and international students, which are also a significant part of the city’s population (Nottingham City Council 5). The focus on history is essential to the city, as Nottingham has a rich history. It was established in the 6th century and followed the development of England under different rulers, including Anglo-Saxons, Danish Vikings, the Normans, and more. The diverse history of the city would reflect the diversity of its population and appeal to visitors from other cities and countries. The need to focus on history is also evident because much of Nottingham’s history remains unknown (Heath). Developing a large historical museum in the city would also stimulate the discovery of new parts of Nottingham’s history, thus benefiting the city and its citizens and attracting more visitors. Works Cited Heath, Neal. “Nottingham: The City Where They Keep Finding Caves.” BBC News ,
Introduction One of the main challenges faced by leaders in the contemporary world is achieving prolonged success. It is important for leaders to apply effective strategies, which ensure that they achieve all objective within the set timeline (Rosemann 2010). This is particularly important when an organization has ongoing projects. One important element that organizations use to ensure effective running of projects is Business Process Management (BPM). Project management experts define BPM as an organizational tool through which a business assesses, identifies, changes, and monitors its various processes to ensure efficiency. The tool is often used to improve the overall performance of a business by ensuring the optimization of all processes that influence success (Ahmad & Francis 2007). BPM helps to increase the asset value of organizational processes by ensuring that they are effectively managed and developed in line with the corporate culture. Proponents of this tool argue that it has the same effect on organizational success in the same manner as Total Quality Management (TQM) (Rosemann 2010). Therefore, it is important for organizations to adequately invest in this tool because it has the potential to influence prolonged success. Although many BPM critics define it as a piece of technology, experts argue that it more of a business practice because it focuses a lot on getting the best outcomes from organizational processes before they are automated. In addition, BPM helps in ensuring great standards for organizational processes, an element that reduces errors through effective easing of risks (Ahmad & Francis 2007). Discussion BPM should be a continuous process because it’s effectiveness in maintaining workflow within an organization. A number of factors influence the manner in which an organization can achieve maximum benefits from implementing this business tool (Jeston & Nelis 2010). One such factor is effective communication. Experts argue that the ability of an organization to acquire the right information on time, and deliver it to the right people ensures the effectiveness of BPM. Communication plays a pivotal role in ensuring the success of projects in an organization (Jeston & Nelis 2010). The same case applies to BPM, as there is a need to ensure that all the objectives of organizational processes are clearly understood by everyone. Effective communication during this business practice entails talking to people and sharing relevant information in an effective, as well as interactive manner (Rosemann 2010). In addition, it involves a combination of oral, nonverbal, printed, skewed, and relative elements of sharing information with major stakeholders in each organizational process. Stakeholders rely on the communication
Adolescent development is a dynamic biopsychosocial process that has to be understood by both parents or caregivers and health care providers to guide children through the transition from childhood to adulthood (Neinstein, Woods, Gordon, Katzman, & Rosen, 2009). No one would deny that adolescent development does not occur outside the context of familial and peer relationships. Therefore, it could be argued that the most important distinguishing characteristics of an adolescent are products of family and peer influence. Adolescents develop their identities and beliefs about their role in surrounding cultural environments through interaction with different social groups. Therefore, their ability to cope with the developmental process is directly influenced by their familial and peer relationships (Neinstein et al., 2009). Unlike Western cultures, the traditional cultures of India and China are associated with a strong pattern of closeness to extended family members (Arnett, 2013). Even though American minority cultures often display a similar proclivity for living in immediate proximity to their grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins, Western majority cultures engage in less frequent contact with their extended families. Taking into consideration the fact that “closeness to grandparents is positively related to adolescents’ well-being” (Arnett, 2013, p. 181), it could be argued that Western society could benefit from this practice. Moreover, traditional cultures promote caregiver relationships between siblings, thereby strengthening their bond and substantially reducing the amount of conflict in a family. There is ample evidence suggesting that health problems faced by adolescents are likely to result in negative consequences in their lifetime (Reilly & Kelly, 2011). For example, adolescent obesity that adversely influences the developed world for the last few decades is positively related to adult morbidity, specifically cardiometabolic morbidity (Reilly & Kelly, 2011). There is also a large body of evidence that shows that exposure to major psychological stressors during adulthood leads to “elevated rates of morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases of aging” (Miller, Chen, & Parker, 2011, p. 959). Health problems faced by adolescents have a lingering influence on their adult life; therefore, it is necessary to take a careful and systemic approach to thei
Introduction Standard of living refers to the objectives that people have with respect to goods and services. In a more specific way, it refers to the level of goods and services desired by people. Here, goods and services mean items that are privately bought and that which are not directly controlled by people but adds to their well-being. Every human has certain fundamental rights which include the right to food, shelter, protection, and another standard of living. Since something which adds to the well being of people is a part of the standard of living, for this reason, the right to health is also included in it; such a right involves the presence and provision of necessary facilities to a person so he can enjoy a healthy life; the presence of safe environment, availability of food with required nutrients, medical facilities such as hospitals, drugs, and medical workforce. The right to health is considered significant in the developed world and for this reason, numerous efforts have been successfully made but, it is often overlooked in developing countries, as a result, the standard of living of people in these countries is very poor. These people face many health problems and the unawareness of their right to health further aggravates the situation. There is international and regional level, there are bodies, treaties, and agreements that have been designed and implemented for providing people with the best possible rights to health and different countries consider it their duty domestically, to make sure that their citizens enjoy the best health by inculcating the provision of this right in their constitution, even in the developing countries. Where international efforts refer to those efforts that are being carried out at the macro level across the world, regional level refers to those agreements that cover a certain region like Asia or Europe, or the Middle East and domestic efforts are those which are being carried out within a country. The essay analyzes whether the international framework for the right to living is effective and influential from the aspect of rights to health by assessing the extent to which it has worked towards the fulfillment of the right to health. It discusses the effective efforts being made at the international and regional level for ensuring an adequate right to health, where effectiveness refers to the extent that success is made in achieving objectives and resolving targeted problems. It also discusses how influential the international framework is in terms of the influential organizations in this context, where influential refers to the capacity of creating an effect to achieve the goals without the use of power. To assess the practical effectiveness, the essay briefly discusses the legal dimension of the domain in India and South Africa. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the various efforts, the essay sheds light on the role of heal
Negotiation Objectives Though both pay rates and classification had been agreed upon in the previous negotiations, this negotiation dealt with four major objectives, namely: basis for increases in wages during the life of the agreement; agreeing upon the workplace arrangements, such as the process by which employees will be identified for, and can nominate for training; agreeing upon an hours’ roster, including implications for shifts and for overtime; agreeing upon the agreement duration; and last but not least, deciding on whether the set joint workplace committee should be a negotiating body or a consultative one; and whether any company information can be kept confidential from the committee. For the purpose of this assignment, I will be arguing on the Dairy Co workers union side. My decision is based on the fact that, in most companies, unions enter negotiations without skills and experience on negotiation strategies and phases. As a result, most negotiations end up failing, or favouring the side of managers. So, this easy will provide them with different strategies, skills, principles and phases involved in an effective negotiation. Negotiation Phases During this negotiation, the four negotiation phases that were followed are: making organized, which involved a certain level of beforehand preparations; breaking up phase which involved agreement foundation development by “framing the issues, without becoming bogged down in the miniscule details” (Bazerman & Neale, 1992); accepting a common line or detail setting phase which saw demand reduction from both sides to try to reach at a conclusion; and the last phrase was finding a solution where the two parties reached at an agreement by finding better ways of protecting their rights as well as profits. At the end of these phases, all objectives had been reached upon, and an agreement had been made which did not delve much in the intricacies of ice cream production. How phase identification and preparation led to our success The first phase in our preparation was making organized. This phase was very important particularly when coming up with comprehensive arguments towards our case. This phase was of great help particularly in avoiding admonished situations due to unpreparedness. Making organized helped use in determining our negotiation objectives, as well as coming up with specifics we were going to negotiate about. According to Loudon, McPhail & Wilkinson, (2009), this is a very important phase especially in putting things right before contacting anybody with whom we were going to negotiate with. This helps in the formation of negotiation agendas before the commencement of any negotiation; this is because the
Being an immigrant is not an easy. People immigrating to another country do not do so because of good situation in their home country. Most people are driven in their immigration decision based on their search for a better life, or at least better than the one in their home countries. In that regard, no matter how bad it was back home, people still feel connection with their land which sometimes result in a two-sided situation, where people are torn in establishing the country they belong to. A similar situation is found in the biographical article “Two ways to Belong in America” by Bharati Mukherjee, which describes two different perspectives on how immigrants perceive themselves in America, based on the opinions of the author and her Sister Mira. The article was written as a response to the proposal, which was eventually defeated, to deny legal benefits to resident aliens, and accordingly this paper analyzes these different perspectives based on the difference between the perceptions of the two sisters, stating that belonging to another country implies more than legally living there. The position of Bharati is mainly that the way she belongs to America is complete, i.e. being a citizen. She does not hold that bond anymore, where she even “welcomed the emotional strain that came from marrying from [her] ethnic community” (Kirszner and Mandell, p. 416). Bharati became a citizen for the United States and the proposed policy did not affect her as she had no intentions to go back to her homeland India, and as her sister think, she erased her “Indianness”. Mira, on the other hand, represents a legal resident, an immigrant whose only bond is to take “the permanent protection and economic benefits that come with living and working in America.” This status was fine with Mira, as long as she could go wherever she wanted to maintaining her own identity. The propose policy, even though it was defeated, just revealed the truth that the other way of belonging to America does not make her an immigrant, where she is just “expatriate Indian”. In that regard, the difference in the sisters’ perception comes from that with that policy proposed, there is no really two ways to belong to America. There is only one way in which you become not only a citizen, but also opting for changes from the conditions left behind, which for Bharati were the fluidity, self-invention, and cultural marriage rejection. Other than that, it does not matter that you pay your taxes, obey the rules, or speak English with fluency, you will remain an alien, and as Bharati said, it is a price that they are willing to pay. Accordingly, even if Mira obtained citizenship, she would do so just to have the advantages of a citizen, not because she wants to devote her life to this country. It can be concluded, that the situation presented in Bharati’s article demonstrates that no matter how hard it was for people in their homeland, they still have that bond. It is only that the policy did not differenti
The topic of my research is “Medical melodrama.” I narrowed it to “Are medical melodramas simply a means of entertainment, or can viewers learn something from them?” I want to investigate this question because I wonder whether those who criticize such TV shows for being unrealistic are right or wrong. A lot of people watch medical melodramas, and I think that the results of my research might be quite interesting to them. With this aim, I want to perform some research and look for scholarly articles discussing this issue. I think that ten articles will be necessary to investigate the topic. I will use Google Scholar search to find the material. I will try searching with the help of the following keywords: medical melodrama, medical drama, House, M.D ., Grey’s Anatomy , medical TV show, and medical mystery. With the help of these search terms, I will look for the material for my research. I am going to limit search results by 2012 as I want my sources to be most relevant and up-to-date. c to my research topic. I will analyze each of the articles to see how they relate to my paper. If some source does not contain any significant data, I will continue my search to find a more suitable one. After analyzing the sources, I will be able to check my hypothesis and see what opinions about medical melodrama prevail. I will conclude whether medical melodramas are only performing the function of entertainment or if they can teach the viewers something about real medicine.
Abstract Within the past few years Chinese manhua within China has been losing relevance within the country of its origin wherein more Chinese citizens apparently prefer manga to manhua. This shift towards manga and manhua has yet to be fully understood and, as such, will be explored within paper. By delving into the historical aspects of this paper through works such as Wong (1999), it is expected that a revelation will shown regarding the various external influences that have helped to shape and mould manhua into the form it has at the present. On the other end of the exploratory specturm, this paper will explore the various changes that have occurred to the culture and thus the consumer tastes within China regarding the forms of entertaining they enjoy and the general changes in the artwork created. It is expected that through an exploration of both the historical and cultural aspects of China at the present, an answer will reveal itself which points to the exact reason as to why Chinese readership of manhuas has been dropping at a considerable rate within the past decade. It is expected that this study will show the historical and cultural aspects of such a problem and delve into the means by which the topic will be approached and subsequently explained by the researcher. Research Trail and Histography Reason behind Choosing this Topic The main reason why I chose this particular topic is due to my affinity for manga and my country’s traditional culture. I find it to be such a shame that the richness of my society’s culture and historical heritage has not been us