ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Increased advancement in Information technology has enabled many sectors of the economy to adapt information technology in their day-to-day operations. Subsequently, many corporate have many clients as well as servers that they use in running their businesses. These computers consume a lot of electricity while operating as well as cooling. For instance, between 2000 and 2007, the number of servers in corporate data centers increased from 5.6 million to 12 million in United States. The high increase in the number of servers in data centers resulted to an increase in power consumption from $ 1.3 billion to $ 2.7 billion in United States. Globally, the increase in the cost of electricity as a result of the increase of the number of servers in data centers rose from $3.2 billion to $ 7.2 billion. Excessive power consumption that is associated with data centers uses vast amount of electricity that must be generated through hydroelectric plants or coal-fired power plants. While hydroelectric generation plants are less stressful on the environment than coal-fired, nevertheless, they do pull resources from more useful purposes. Coal-fired power plants generate huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which some scientists and politicians claim is a major cause of global warming. Social implications of increased power consumption point to global warming (Schneider Group, 2008). Subsequently, global warming results to heavy down pours that destroys a lot of investments, displacing people as well as killing people and animals (Peterson, 2005). Similarly, the huge amount of money that is used to pay the electricity bills that is consumed while operating as well as cooling the server in data centers greatly hinders new investments that can stimulate the economy very much. Instead of business using the revenues they receive from their sales to augment their production, they spend majority of it to pay for high electricity bills that are associated with data centers. Moreover, the great heat that is generated from data centers often make equipments to fail which subsequently raises the costs of operation. The issue of electronic waste has become very controversial since many corporate have not established appropriate methods of disposing their electronic wastes. Many agencies that address environmental issues have raised the concern for establishment of appropriate methods for electronic disposal to address the high raising accumulation of
Introduction The Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) is a technique in which waves are applied for stress redistribution and for analyzing the structure of an object. This approach is one of the nondestructive testing techniques (NDT), meaning that an individual uses non-invasive techniques to determine the properties of the tested material. Though the process of inspection, one can determine if an object was damaged, which is the primary aim of NDT and AET in particular. The concept of AET is connected to the notion of stress waves. This refers to the structural integrity that a solid object has, which is tested by examing the stress waves. Next, the concept of acoustic emissions is an external stimulus in the form of waves. Therefore, the main objective of AET is to determine if a solid object can remain integral under the impact of stress waves. Any observed object under stress of technical, thermal, or chemical nature produces noise or soundwaves. This noise is an emission connected to the energy release. Therefore, this technique aims to detect and examine sound produced in places where cracks exist within a solid material by analyzing acoustic emissions. In nature, an object can be subjected to stress through earthquakes or other disasters, while during manufacturing procedures, the machinery can compromise structural integrity. These factors suggest that AET testing is crucial for creating a visual interpretation of a material’s structure and examining its integrity. This can be done by analyzing the diagrams of acoustic emissions. One should note that the acoustic emissions are acoustic waves that affect a material as a result of irreversible changes. This report will outline the main principles of AET and procedures that one must know to apply this testing method in practice successfully. Basic Principles and Theories In order to perform AET in a practical setting, one must understand the underlying theoretical background and principles that guide the AET. It is assumed that a solid material subjected to the stress of any nature can disintegrate, meaning that cracks in it will open. Other common issues are crack growth, opening, closure, and movements that lead to further dislocation, all of which affect the properties of the examined material. This can lead to issues with further exploitation of an object and subsequent defects, making it necessary to use AET for the timely detection of structural changes. Basic principles of AET that will be outlined below highlight the approach that AET takes, what can be measured through this method, and necessary equipment. In simple terms, acoustic emissions are the sounds that are derived from the places in a solid object, where deformation occurs. These can be cracks and any alterations of openings, as well as thermal stress, twining, and fiber breakage (Shen, Wu, & Zhang, 2015). As a result of deformation, energy is rapidly released, which results in the distribution of elastic sound waves. The main principle of AET is the need to detect these waves and locate the source of them. Usually, the range of testing is 100 kHz and 1 MHz. A piezoelectric transducer is a sen
(Jablonsky, 2006 pp16-18) found that, Army security has been changing due to the changes in technology leading to the transformation of warfare. The world is interconnected to various regions by development in information technology, improved transport, and communications with broader evidence suggesting that changes have been extreme and would help in shaping the future of army security. It has not been easy to predict the future and know what would happen because nature is complex and the parameters used may be contradicting making it difficult to predict the future with precision. The most important task is to examine recent trends in army security and future scenarios that look at affairs in the present state. Changes in the landscape have an effect on planning for defense and the land component will help in dealing with crises and improve security in the future. When exploring how the army security will be in the future, land forces and their configuration structure will help to ensure there is a clear environment in order to depict the future and predict the change. There are armed conflicts in the developing world that come as a result of ethnic polarization, local wars, and religious hostility. There is a new phase in future politics where human beings have been divided and becoming a source of conflict in cultural civilizations. Terrorists, drug cartels, and crime syndicates have caused major national concern about security because; they have advanced technology and access to weapons used for mass destruction causing major problems and threats. Security threats are changing leading to the devolution of power and capability of dealing with new challenges. (Frank, 2004 pp48-53) (Barry, 2007 pp28-29) argues that, the future of army security will be helped by the state but will have many threats leading to the use of force in resolving the disagreement. Demographic and social trends will change the security environment of the army in the future. Growth in population will lead to prosperity and at the same time trigger social effects and humanitarian crises such as increased poverty, urbanization, and unemployment that result in conflict. There are circumstances where financial demands lead to competition and as a result civil violence increases. Communal groups’ conflict causes major challenges to security which requires intervention to resolve the conflicts and maintain peace now and in the future. In the future, the world will be urbanized making it difficult for the army to control wars that will be experienced in urban centers most of the time. The economic influence of global corporations is increasing and in the future, commercial organizations and states will start struggling for power which will make it difficult to use coercive measures in implementing security. New interests in the economy will make people struggle for resources and economic changes in future distribute power in an uneven manner creating stratification of societies wealth where some of the countries w
Key concepts and principles essential to effective financial practices and operations of a healthcare entity An effective financial management system in a healthcare entity is of great importance. In this regard, there are essential components and principles of financial practices that must be implemented. Financial reporting is characterized by accurate and complete disclosure of financial-related information (Kongstvedt, 2001). Accurate reporting of financial reports is necessary for effective control of the healthcare system. In most cases, financial reports are used by grantors who contribute to the healthcare entity. In addition, financial reporting is a federal regulation subjected to all healthcare entities that require reimbursements. On the other hand, the auditing of the entity’s progress is based on financial reports (Kongstvedt, 2001). Accounting records and source documentation are considered to be the principles of financial management in a healthcare setting. Important information about assets, expenditures, and income are derived from these documents. The inclusion of canceled checks and payrolls is critical in providing information. Additional information required for compiling accounting records is sourced from payroll contract documents. The importance of source documentation is to support the use of funds as implied in the accounting records. From accounting records and source documentation, a healthcare administrator understands the financial condition of the system (Kongstvedt, 2001). Therefore, any improvement in operations will be based on current record-keeping practices. The concept of internal control determines the effectiveness of a financial management system. An administrator has the obligation of ensuring that funds from the grantors are safeguarded against misuse (Kongstvedt, 2001). To ensure that financial resources are used for the intended purpose, an effective system of internal control is maintained. In this context, an effective control system is harnessed through the organizational environment, the accounting system, and procedures. The environment entails a management philosophy, organizational structure, and effective methods of operation. The element of an accounting system is comprised of methods and daily records of transactions. The procedures include policies and objectives as established by the organization and fi
Organizational Changes: AKU Company AKU is an English organization that provides the representatives of the general public with communicational devices, mobile phones in particular. It operates in the market only for 2 years yet but it already has a lot of loyal clients and its business turns out to be rather successful. Still, the company is willing to expand to improve its competitiveness constantly. Realizing the necessity to attract customers, its CEO decided to put more emphasis on innovations, claiming that AKU should launch a new product if it is willing to continue developing. As a result, the company faces a necessity to implement organizational restructuring so that it can manufacture and sell smart bracelets developed for communicational purposes. This change also triggers revamping of departments, as separate workgroups are needed to focus on the new product. The CEO believes that restructuring will have an advantageous influence on the company’s operations because it will make it more centralized and efficient. The organizational change that AKU is going to implement soon will be entailed by a range of cultural, ethical, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) implications. Basically, AKU has a flat structure, which means that only a few employees have an opportunity to interact directly with the top management team and the CEO. In this way, they tend to have more autonomy in comparison to other workers. What is more, their level of authority is rather high because of the lack of hierarchy. The necessity to launch a new product is going to entail the creation of additional departments and teams, which means that those employees who are now close to the top management will make one step down and reduce interactions with a boss. A chief operating officer is likely to take everything under control over time. Such kind of organizational restructuring has some positive alterations because it will make interactions more structured. However, cultural changes may cause additional issues and misunderstandings among the personnel. For example, employees may start arguing regarding the importance of their operations. In addition to that, departments may turn into competitors who are willing to protect their budgeting and hierarchical position. If restructuring will lead to the creation of combined groups (novices and experienced employees), competition within the organization is going to increase. In this way, the workers are likely to gather in groups who are
To prepare for an exam you should leave all study to the last minute, this will increase the pressure on you to ensure that you retain information out of a sense of fear of failure. Do not be tempted to summarize notes in ‘chunks’ of time, say 15 minutes here and there across the entire semester. This will only serve to confuse you as over time details will merge and the cognitive links forming between the information will mean that you have too much knowledge to recall. You will be slowed down in an exam trying to process the wealth of knowledge you have bestowed upon yourself, instead of having rapid recall of information that you have glanced at within the past 6- 12 hours. This technique will also enable you to sleep soundly during the semester and lead up to the exam instead of stressing about the upcoming assessment. The human brain is built to multi-task, so be sure during your high pressure study block to have loud music playing, watch a DVD at the same time or have friends over. These ‘distractions’ will give your brain minute breaks during study to ensure that you do not experience information overload . Other helpful study activities include; ironing; cooking; vacuuming; car washing and gaming on a play station. The multi-tasking will also increase your brain capacity to retain information, as the brain is like a muscle and the different activities are like doing reps. When you step into your exam your brain will be “trimmed and toned” to the essentials and able to focus because its had rest periods during your study. The use of analogies and metaphors can be a helpful study technique for the more creative student. Such as working on your car, or going shopping, or even working on a short story competition, and drawing links between study materials and parts of the car engine, the cut of a garment or the personality of a written character. This will give depth and breadth to your study experience. Also, as you are studying while doing something that you enjoy the ‘happy hormones and neurotransmitters’ in your brain and body, will help you to retain information better as you are having a good time. When you are in the exam you have only to imagine a carburetor/pair of Jimmy Choo pumps/the heroine of your novel; and you will be mentally transported to that ‘happy place’ of the study time and instantly recall the associated information. Remember a cluttered work area implies hard work in progress. The process of losing, searching and re-finding lecture and tutorial materials will strengthen t
Introduction This research paper is going to discuss the Employee Free Choice Act, views of local and international labor laws on freedom of association and organization of unions, and advantages and disadvantages of card checks as compared to secret ballot elections. The congress of the United States has a responsibility of enacting the ‘Employee Free Choice Act which would greatly solve the problems experienced in the US labor laws that have limited the ability of employees to form unions. International Human Rights Policies guarantee workers in any organization form unions that enable them to negotiate collectively. The United States is a member of the International Labor Organization and is therefore mandated to abide by this basic law. Unfortunately, most employers in the United States ignore this law because they deny their workers the freedom to form unions. The United States Labor Laws have loopholes in the sense that they allow employers to manipulate the organization of workers. Delays in implementation are rampant leading to interruptions in delivering corrective actions for workers. According to Employee Free Choice Act (2007), employers often use sanctions for any misconduct which is against the International Law which requires employees to be given a warning to stop the further breaking of the law. Flawed union election procedures enable employers to manipulate selection proceedings thereby suppressing union organizers from campaigning freely in the workplace. When employers realize that workers are strongly aligned to a union, they might organize premature elections as a strategy to counter the union advocates thereby, violating the labor laws. They do it considering that penalties for their manipulation are minimal and that if there is any form of justice, it would be delayed. Even though some unions are successfully organized, they are unable to bargain effectively because US labor laws do not have tough penalties on employers who manipulate workers’ union rules. Bypassing ‘Employee Free Choice Act,’ most of the problems faced by unions would be addressed by creating a neutral playing ground for workers to organize elections and bargain effectively for their demands. The weak US labor laws would be reinforced with more consequences for employers who violate labor laws. The process of selecting union officials would be democratic because employers are required to identify the formation of unions on the grounds of a card check. Historical perspective of labor organization Historically, US labor laws that govern the election of union officials always favored workers to select officials of their choice through a competitive process and after acquiring relevant information regarding the unions. Employers had no option but to recognize a union that had been supported by the
Kuwait is an Islamic region, which in the early years had few investors. This was because there was little knowledge of the marketing opportunities in the region. The religion and culture of the people living here influenced their perception of the services offered especially retail services. The discovery of oil attracted many foreign investors to Kuwait and this led to increased spread of wealth to those who were poor. Many immigrants were from America, India, Bangladesh and other parts of Asia. The wealth from the extraction of oil accelerated growth in the middle and upper-middle classes. As a result of this, McDonald’s corporation – an American fast food company – was one of the 63 companies attracted to develop a branch in Kuwait. It specializes in selling cheeseburgers, hamburgers, French fries wraps and breakfast items. McDonald’s corporation is considered to be a small store and it will be hard for it to succeed in the industry because it lacks incentives. On the other hand, McDonald’s is believed to ignore some cultures and behaviors of customers. McDonald’s corporation cannot expand their services into new markets because the Kuwait market is now saturated. For McDonald’s retail store to grow, it needs to first understand the importance of culture and religion to the residents of Kuwait (Blank 4). This will improve human relations that will have a positive effect on the incomes of the retail stores. According to Raven and Welsh, McDonald’s fast food store should hire foreign workers from different countries who have experienced different needs and different ways of satisfying those needs. This will be an opportunity for them to diversify in production of different types of foods. Foreign employees can easily be brought in from the head office in America. This will be an advantage to McDonald’s corporation because it will have to train its workers on how to prepare its products as well as how to use the equipments (Blank 5). McDonald’s corporation should focus its attention on service encounters and satisfaction of their customers because customers are believed to receive less emphasis in the developing countries. Customer satisfaction is known to be specific to a transaction while service quality is affected by the attitude employees have towards service delivery. The corporation should, therefore, invest its resources on improving the quality of services offered by its employees to their customers, for example, through training. This will help it to expand into other new markets leading to increased growth and profitability (Blank 5). McDonald’s corporation should understand the culture of residents to help it in segmenting the market and resource allocation. Before entering into a market, it should have full information of the different cultures that exist in that market so as to operate profitably. National culture is considered as the main factor that influences international management as it will determine the decisions made by management concerning its operations (Blank 5). McDonald’s corporation should prepare its food in large quantities in order to take advantage of economies of scale, which will lead to r