ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Literature review Jin Jiang Tower Hotel enjoys high prestige among the plush hotels in Shanghai, China. It is one of the five-star luxury hotels in Shanghai set out by gardens and European-style buildings. The hotel is unique in that it is attempting to offer the western lifestyle and prestige to both international and local visitors. Being one of the largest and most popular hotels, it receives visitors from around the world and throughout the year. Therefore, retaining its large workforce in a changing organization is a strategic issue to the hotel. The relationship between work satisfaction and employee turnover is an issues that is directly related to the capacity of the hotel to retain the right workforce. However, there is lack of a universal agreement among researchers regarding the relationship. It appears to apply in some cultural contexts and not others. This conflict justifies the interest in investigating the causes of work satisfactions on employee turnover of workers at Jin Jiang Tower Hotel. Indeed, not a single research has investigated this relationship in a Chinese environment that has adopted the western culture. For many years, both researchers and business people have realized that employee retention after hiring is important for the success of businesses (Tsai, Cheng & Chang, 2010). The trends of employee turnover in hotels are being focused by scholars and managers because worker’s behaviours and attitudes play a crucial role in the success of hotels. This issue has numerous relationships with work satisfaction and organization’s encouragement. It is apparent that the issue of worker satisfaction has been investigated in many studies. Ying-Chang et al. (2010) claim that worker satisfaction is the general attitude of an employee towards his/her work and that when people talk of attitude, they are likely referring to work satisfaction. This study will investigate work satisfaction from a different organizational perspective. It will focus on how firms can enhance work satisfaction, that is, reduce the rate of turnover through flexible and broader human resource policies that move beyond cultural boundaries. Work satisfaction arise from numerous sources such as quality of supervision, levels of role vagueness, level of support and quality of socioeconomic relationships. The relationship between satisfaction and turnover may also be influenced by variables like gender, mood and cultural orientation. Apparently, it is unclear how strong the relationship should be offered that it may rely on specific elements of a job in certain firms that implement organizational change to include a completely new culture in their business. Moreover, in the long run, negative consequences such as unrealized productivity, loss of trained workers and low motivation usually translate to low financial benefits than expected (Cascio, 2002). Employee turnover in the Chinese context has received considerable attention from scholars as well as managers, though from a gener
Abstract The use of newly developed media technology such as the internet to organize a mass protest in Egypt was a surprise to most people. This was mainly because such techniques have not been effectively used in such a way. Political movements have for example been conducted through physical rallies and appearances in media such as television and radio. Egypt thus becomes the first country to use such technology for a successful revolution. This paper seeks to discuss how new media techniques changed news in the Egyptian revolution. The paper will utilize resources that have documented the communication technologies in Egypt and how these technologies have been used by both the Egyptian government as well as the Egyptian people. The paper then undertakes to discuss the effects that were felt following these technological developments and the reaction that was developed across all divides as a result of the effects of the developed communication technologies. Significant technologies as developed with respect to two Egyptian revolutions, one in the year 1952 and the other in the year 2011 are discussed in line with the roles that these communication technologies played in the development and execution of the revolutions. The result of the research indicated that communication technology is a vital tool in revolutionary processes. Though communication tools did not reportedly play a major role in the first revolution, their possible impacts were foreseen and suppressive measures were taken to avert civil uproar. A similar threat was eminent in the year 2011 but was ignored till too late in the middle of the protests. The paper thus concludes that communication technology was the vital tool in the revolution in Egypt in the year 2011 and could have caused a similar revolution in 1952 if the then government did not oppress it. Research questions The emergence and development of media technologies has over time been felt in the global aspect. Such developments were influenced by the revolutionary wave that resulted from industrial revolution and globalization. Egypt like the rest of the world has been subject to these technological developments in the communications sector. Questions can therefore be asked such as what technological advancements have been realized in the Egyptian communications system? What impacts have these developments caused in the country? Or even how have these developments been received in Egypt? The paper will employ these questions in the research activity to develop the research basis, findings as well as the conclusions of this paper. The impacts of the developed technologies will then be analyzed with respect to the two revolutions that have been realized in Egypt. The first revolution was experienced in the country in the year 1952 with the second being registered in the year 2011. Developments in media technology and the Egyptian revolution of the year 1952 Egypt is believed to have had a long time ex
Background Information In this marketing campaign strategy the focus would be centered on violence against women, as a form of domestic violence that is currently experience in many countries across the globe. Violence against women is experienced through sex abuse and harassment. The perpetrators of this crime usually abuse women sexually, having the knowledge of a woman’s private part without her permission. The sex offender uses force and physical might to have sex with a woman who is not willing. The man violently uses force by assaulting and hurling bitter words and insult at the lady. In many developing countries, women are physically battered at home to yield to the demands of men. They are mainly used as a tool and object to satisfy the men’s bodily demands. In fact, the same problems are also experienced in the developed countries such as Australia. Most of the domestic violence seen and investigated has shown that rape is used as a tool to administer violence against women. There are some reasons that make the perpetrators use rape to administer humiliation, getting forced information from the women, and also used to reward male soldiers. One of the reasons that can be attributed to women experiencing sexual abuse and harassment during conflict is that the women are traditionally seen as tools, and sex-objects. They have been seen to transmit this tradition and culture to the other generations. For this reason, the attack on women is seen to be the right procedure to attack a society. Any attack against women is against the honor of society, due to the fact that they are seen to be the symbol of national unity for any culture and nation (Lee & Kotler 2011, p. 59). There are many effects and consequences that are brought about by sexual violence against women. These consequences can affect the women for the rest of their lives. There are many reports gathered that show that there are rape cases that were experienced by the women in some areas. Besides, many rape cases reported were as a result of the military men taking advantage of the helpless women. According to Mullins, such incidences stayed in the scene for a long time due to the fact that that many acts of violence against women are not punished (Mullins 1999, p.39). There are many investigations that have been conducted to prove that many cases of violence against women are not given much attention by the required authorities. There are various reasons that make the violence against women war that will take a longer time than expected. One of them is that the victims get threats and reprisals that make them fear of what will happen with them. Besides, there are legislations in “the constitutions prevent any accusation made for any crime that is committed in the war” (Maccoby1998, p.46). This is a loophole that enables soldiers and perpetrators to get away with this crime easily. This has been the reason why the women offenders continue to commit this crime without any fear of accusation. Many women fear rejection from their husbands and the families
The Americans are inclined to discuss their country as the safest place in the world because their rights and freedoms are protected, and the necessary security is provided and guaranteed, and moreover, security is free. This idea is reflected in the book Surprise, Security, and the American Experience written by John Lewis Gaddis who discusses it as the myth with references to the observed historical realities and actions performed by the U.S. authorities as to the reaction to threatening attacks about the question of security. In his book, Gaddis provides evidence to state that free security valued by the Americans is the myth supported and developed in society. According to Gaddis, during the 18 th century, the principles of free security were stated, but the political and social issues of the period as well as the threats of the Soviet Union’s attacks and the aspects of the Cold War in the 20 th century led to understanding of the fact that “security could never again be taken for granted as easily as it once had been” (Gaddis 8). Even though the ideas of the United States’ opposition to the violent world and provided free security are associated with the Americans’ identity, the reaction of the Government to surprise attacks supports the opinion that security is not developed enough, and it is not free for the nation. That is why, the United States’ reaction to surprise violent attacks connected with the Cold War issues or the problem of 11 September 2001 in the form of acts to improve national security strategies is discussed by Gaddis as the evidence to speak about the “national identity crisis” related to the problem of free security and perception of the concept (Gaddis 10). The history of the United States in the 19 th and 20 th centuries supports the idea that the country was oriented to winning hegemony in the Western Hemisphere and globally. G
The Book of Genesis comprises two parts . It is called the ‘seed plot’ of the Bible as it contains important biblical doctrines in ‘seed’ form that mark major changes in man’s life, ranging from Creation and Introduction of Sin to Wrath, Depravity, Sovereignty and Responsibility. Creation involves God making the world and man in His own image (Holy Bible, 7). Introduction of Sin occurs when Adam and Eve disobey God (Holy Bible, 12). The sins of Adam and Eve’s descendants incurs God’s Wrath, making Him destroy the world with a Flood while saving only righteous Noah and his family in the Ark. The generations of Noah son Shem brings the biblical genealogy down to the Abraham cycle (The Holy Bible, 27) when Israel begins to take shape. God chooses Abraham {‘Abraham’ means ‘Father of a great multitude’ (Holy Bible, 27)} to lead His chosen people to Canaan, promising to turn it into a great nation (Holy Bible, 29). Depravity is introduced in the evil activities of Sodom and Gomorrah. Israel continues to form during Isaac’s cycle. Sovereignty is completed and guaranteed to Jacob and his descendants (Holy Bible, 58), which God confirms: “No longer shall your name be called Jacob, but Israel shall be your name” (Holy Bible, 71). Responsibility for Israel rests in the descendants of Jacob’s twelve sons who spawn the twelve tribes of Israel . God’s reactions to various situations in the Book range from Love to Forgiveness to Wrath to Relenting to Protection. He shows His Love for man by making him in His own likeness. He shows his divine Forgiveness by allowing Adam and Eve to procreate and inhabit the world. God unleashes his Wrath on sinners by destroying the world with a Flood, and by destroying the land of the depraved Sodom and Gomorrah with fire and brimstone. God Relents after the Flood, making a covenant with Noah and his descendants never again to destroy the earth by a flood (Holy Bible, 22). God gives Protection to His chosen people several times such as punishing Pharaoh and his house with plagues for coveting Sarah, warning Laban against harming Jacob and his family, inspiring Joseph to correctly interpret the dream about prosperity/famine, and helping his chosen Patriarchs to continue their lineage . In conclusion, the Book of Genesis relates how God created the world and mankind, punishing sinners but also nurturing and protecting His chosen people until Israel is formed. Now, although He is more reticent and does not get directly involved as He used to, permitting us to arrive at our own decisions and exist with their consequences, He never abandons us and promises eternal salvation to all who have faith in Him. Reference “Holy Bibl
During the course of recent decades, there has been a clear tendency among many Western historians to strive to distort the history of WW2, especially when underlying reasons for Germany’s attack of Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 is being concerned. Russell Stolfi’s 1991 book Hitler’s Panzers East represents the perfect example of historical pseudo-revisionism, aimed to discourage ordinary citizens from making critical inquiries into officially endorsed view on Germany’s war against USSR as such that has been instigated by Hitler’s irrational desire to expand his country’s ‘living space’. According to Stolfi, in the summer of 1941, German army was fully capable of defeating Soviet Union: “My purpose is to show that the German armed forces… could have advanced through Moscow into the Moscow-Gorki space in August to October 1941” (p. ix). This statement alone reveals the sheer ridiculousness of Stolfi’s assumption that, had Germans captured Moscow before the winter of 1941, they would have automatically won war against Soviet Union. Apparently, despite his academic credits, author never heard of what happened to Napoleon’s army in the winter of 1812, after it had captured Russian capital. In all probability, it simply never occurred to Stolfi that eastwards of Moscow, Russian territory extends by another eight thousands kilometers and that by the end of summer of 1941, 60% of Soviet military production lines have been relocated beyond Ural Mountains. Given the fact that, as we have shown, book’s foremost conceptual thesis appears thoroughly fallacious, it comes as no surprise that Hitler’s Panzers East contains a number of unsubstantiated and even deliberately misleading claims. For example, Stofli suggests that the reason why Hitler attacked USSR in June of 1941 is that he thought that this would help him winning the war against Britain and that he sought the expansion of Germany’s lebensraum to the East: “He (Hitler) reiterated with impressive consistency the argument that
The aging is a combination of changes that accompany an organism in the process of becoming older. The changes are primarily physical in nature for the majority of the living beings, but social creatures such as humans also experience certain social and psychological changes. According to the current understanding, the process of aging begins approximately at the age of twenty, when the first physiological changes occur (Haber 13). Nevertheless, the process can be identified in several life stages from young adulthood, throughout maturity and up to the aging stage, where both the processes and the effects become the most prominent. The onset of all processes, such as the decline in fertility, cognitive decline, insignificant hearing and sight loss, and photoaging (development of wrinkles, mostly on the exposed areas of the body) occurs in the early twenties, although by the age of forty the physical condition is usually at its peak (Haber 24). The most significant changes happen at the end of middle adulthood stage, closer to the ages of fifty, where the said changes transform into recognizable health conditions, such as presbyopia (the loss of flexibility of the eye lens resulting in the inability to focus on the nearby objects) and glaucoma (optic disc condition that limits vision field) (Heiting). The cognitive decline is also the most apparent at this stage and can be manifested as worsening ability to memorize things and increased risk of dementia. In addition to physical changes, collectively known as primary aging, certain habits (termed secondary aging) can contribute to the process. Based on the readings, I can identify several habits that could have a positive impact on my aging process. First, I don’t smoke and rarely drink alcohol, which is expected to slow down the aging-related processes. Next, I maintain a fairly healthy diet, which is considered one of the most important factors of healthy aging, although I must admit that this habit suffers from the lack of systematic approach. Finally, I try to maintain a healthy sleep pattern. On the other hand, I have a hard time maintaining a regular exercise pattern which, in my opinion, is close to no exercise at all, and will eventually result in complications of physical condition (Yu 32). Most importantly, despite my best efforts, I still get anxious over irrelevant issues. This results in a fair amount of stress and, by extension, the development of several age-related conditions, such as heightened blood pressure (Shalev and Belsky 41). The aging-related changes lead to differentiation in the perception of the elderly people. Interestingly, these perceptions vary across cultures. The easiest example is the United States, where the desired traits of aging revolve around physical shape and energy level. This creates difficulty for cultural minorities who are familiar with other criteria (e.g. appreciation for parental qualities) and may feel discriminated by the perceptions of the peers (Cruikshank 26). In addition, different cultures have different criteria of care for the elderly people. For ex
Spin doctoring is a popular technology that has been widely used by public relations specialists during the last decades. According to the Mariam-Webster dictionary, a spin doctor is “a person (such as a political aide) responsible for ensuring that others interpret an event from a particular point of view” (“Spin doctor,” n.d.). Although being a strong political instrument, spin-doctoring is applied internationally in diverse spheres of social life. The concept of spin-doctoring is frequently disclosed in such terms as persuasion, impression management, and propaganda. The current paper discusses the use of spin-doctoring for influencing society in such global issues as global warming, the functioning of the tobacco industry, and discussions about the weapons of mass destruction. Persuasion in the Global Warming Case Persuasion is a power that, similarly to other powers, can be both beneficial and bring harm to humanity (Myers & Twenge, 2016). However, persuasion frequently becomes a tool of deceiving people. Beadle (as cited in Ball, 2013, para. 1) claims that “Half the work done in the world is to make things appear what they are not,” and persuasion is an instrument in this process. Making people believe something that is not true is easier in a sphere in which the majority of the population is not competent. The debate over the environment, weather, and climate change recently became the place for manipulation. In the case of the global warming debate, persuasion can be accomplished via both central and peripheral routes (Myers & Twenge, 2016). The central route is applicable to the problem of global warming due to the improvement of people’s knowledge and consciousness about the issues of planet safety and environmental sustainability. Humanity has broader access to information and is more concerned about ways to protect the planet, such as to reduce carbon emissions that are considered a primary cause of global warming. In this debate, the hydrocarbon producers are not considered to be trustworthy sources of information, while organizations such as Greenpeace, the Suzuki Foundation, or Al Gore are believed to be more credible. Thus, these organizations provide strong and compelling arguments to attract attention to the issue of climate change, thus following the central persuasion route. At the same time, peripheral route persuasion is used to distract the audience from the arguments. Hydrocarbon producers follow this route to assure the community that they are applying advanced technology to reduce emissions by producing fuels that are safer
The image of modern American society tries in vain to convey the prevalence of personality over social division. However, the capitalistic structure, where there is a distinct gap between various classes, has fully integrated into the nation’s culture. People, whose social status is higher than the one of average Americans, are always at an advantage of being treated with respect despite their actions. Although modern society promotes the notions of equality and nationwide respect, money is still the currency that can buy others’ attitudes. Americans’ perception of financial status has been shaped for years by creating the notion of the “American dream,” a desired freedom and success waiting for people on the US land. Even today, when the vast majority of US citizens struggle with financial hardships, the overall image of the nation represents stability and prosperity. Moreover, economic advantage, by default makes people more intelligent and socially pleasing, making the average social class insignificant in the context of social development. The upper social classes, in their turn, tend to fall into various categories and create their hierarchy. The ones who are already born being surrounded by wealth and welfare will always remain the rising power of the American elite. Although the issue is now almost invisible, the class division was more crucial a century ago. The 1920s, known as “the roaring twenties,” introduced a major change in the national social structure. At that time, the majority of American residents moved to cities, creating greater career and development opportunities for themselves. Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby , first published in 1925, serves as a symbolic tribute to this period. Nowadays, almost one hundred years later, this work has remained the handbook of nearly any American due to its both historical and cultural context. The Great Gatsby’s main characters represent two major rich classes (Fitzgerald). The first, wealthy elite social class represents rich people who were born and raised in the surroundings opposite to being average. Tom Buchanan, Jordan Baker, and Daisy Buchanan depict the national elite, whose major purpose in life is to enjoy the benefits of being rich. These people will never understand the values of people who have to do minor work for a living. These people, living in a distant universe, have nothing in common with the rest of the world. More about The Great Gatsby What Does Gatsby Want from Daisy in Chapter 6? 5 461 How Did F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Novel “The Great Gatsby Reflect the Culture of the 1920s? 5 1961 “So We Beat On, Boats Against the Current…” Explain the Quote 5 4417 What Does Gatsby Tell Nick about Himself and His Past? 5 2536 Why Did