ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Personality studies are some of the most problematic issues in psychology, mostly because there is no standard for the assessment of one’s personality type. More to the point, the entire concept of personality classification is rather questionable, seeing how there is no dominant principle of personality evaluation. Even though there are only four basic methods to consider the specifics of human psychics, the lack of cohesion between the personality types defined with the help of these methods, as well as the fact that these types are very generic, begs the question whether the existing means of personality classification can be credited as trustworthy. Personality Types and Their Assessment: Diving into the Depth of Psychoanalysis and Personality Evaluation As a rule, various approaches towards personality types classification are defined in traditional psychoanalysis. Eysenck’s theory, however, is traditionally considered by far the most common one, with its tendency to differentiate between people’s characters based on their interactions with others. To be more exact, Eysenck defines four key personality types known as Introverted-Neurotic, Extraverted-Neurotic, Introverted-Stable and Extraverted-Stable. It is also noteworthy that, apart from splitting people into groups based on their interactions with the outside world, Eysenck differentiates between different types of character based on people’s emotional reactions towards various stimuli (Cooper, Robertson & Tinline, 2003, p. 23)
Introduction While opposing the “commercial” activity of the slave trade in the United States in one of his lectures, Abraham Lincoln decried that “those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves” (McCarty 91). The epoch of slavery defined the darkest history in the evolution of the civilization of humanity; the results of slavery continue permeating the psychology of very “far” descendants of the slaves themselves. In this respect, the restoration of any dignity lost by any human should be a cause that is supported by everyone. Those who have human rights issues at heart should support the move by CARICOM to initiate legal suits against the merchants of slavery (McCarty 91). The need to eliminate fully the modern day slavery is dependent upon the punishment of the perpetrators in the past. The lawsuit, in my opinion, sets a nape for the rest of the globe to follow. It asserts emphatically that the need to uphold human rights is fundamental and plays a significant role in the modern civilization. This paper seeks to offer a consummate discourse on the CARICOM lawsuit and its significance in the socio-political morphology (Brophy 165). Justice and Freedom The end of the slavery marked a new turning point in the history of the human civilization, and it opened a new chapter in the reconciliation process. The war against this dehumanizing act had been won eventually, but what awaited the victims and the perpetrators still remained unclear. The concepts of justice and freedom are intertwined. As freedom is sought, justice implicitly comes, but this was the missing link in the termination of the slavery. The psychological scars had been injected, and the healing process would take time. In this regard, the reparatory lawsuit by CARICOM is elaborate enough to serve in obtaining the justice and freedom for both the victims of the slavery and the perpetrators (McCarty 91). Morality: Does the Reparation Case Meet the Moral Threshold? CARICOM’s establishment, the National Committees on Reparations, while issuing its report, unquestionably admitted that the moral precinct of their demands to the slavery merchants is prominent enough to sustain an apology and compensation in one way or the other. Of course, this is an admissible fact; the impact of slavery on both the victims and their descendants was a mockery of the moral obligations of the humanity to respect the dignity of each other. It “bleached” the basic tenets of freedom and entirely “bended” the antennae of ethical values regarding the treatment of “free” humans. This affirmation is conclusive enough that CARICOM is justified in the pursuance of the case and making the demands to the perpetrators of the crime (Burnard 191). It is in the interests of setting precedence in the fight for human rights that this case is anchored. As mentioned earlier, the sociological and economic impact of slavery continues reverberating throughout the history; the loss of “artisanship” is still very prominent in the affected societies. Mental torture is still witnessed in some of the victims due to the hars
Socio-Cultural Analysis IntroductionUGG Australia is a division of Deckers Outdoor Corporation. It is a registered trademark in the United States and has operations in over 130 countries. The firm is known for making boots using high-grade sheepskin. The product has gained popularity ever since its inception, leading to increased demand and growth. In this paper, the author provides an international marketing socio-cultural and economic analysis for the exportation of the product from Australia to South Korea. The aim of the assessment is to determine the success of the product in the new market. South Korea: A History The history of South Korea begins with its independence on August 17, 1948. During World War II, the Japanese defeat led to a United Nations arrangement that involved the U.S. administering the south and the Soviet Union the north of Korea. Due to disagreements between the parties, two separate governments were established. The establishments stabilized following the Korean War, leading to North and South Korea (Kummer, 2008). South Korea has had alternating periods of democratic and autocratic rules. Since its inception, South Korea has developed its culture, education, and economic systems (Hyeon, 2011). The current president of the nation is Lee Myung-Bak. He was inaugurated in 2008. Geographical Setting South Korea is located in Asia and covers 99,720 square kilometers. It is the 109th largest nation in the world. Its climate is characterized by four distinct seasons (Lee, 2012). Spring and autumn are short in duration. Summers are hot and humid. On their part, winters are usually long and cold. The long winter will be beneficial in the sale of the product. The country’s strategic location would provide a wide market for the product in East Asia.  1. Social Institutions  2. Family Setting The family setting in the country is mainly characterized by close ties and dependencies (Kim, Choi & Kim, 2008). The rapid economic growth and excellent results in the country are attributed to favorable government policies and family expectations. Education As a result of the government policies, the country has managed to achieve a literacy rate of 97.9%. The situation makes it suitable for the marketing of the product (Pascale, 2012). Political System The South Korean political structure is determined by the constitution of the Republic of Korea. It is comprised of three main branches that include the executive, the judicial, and the legislative branches (Pascale, 2012). Under the arrangement, the president is the head of state. The country has a multi-party system that comprises four political parties (Kim et al., 2008). Generally, the country enjoys a stable political environment, which would foster export trade. Legal System It is a communist state under the Communist Party of Korea. The party was founded in a secret meeting in Seoul in 1925. The legal system has improved over the years, leading to democratic reforms since 1945 (Bluth, 2008). As part of the Vienna Convention on International Contracts, Korea participates in patents and other trademarks. The
Football verses Baseball: Which is more profitable? In the current contemporary world of professional sports, there are two key players. These are: baseball represented by Major League Baseball (MLB) and football represented by the National Football League(NFL).There are other sports which are more profitable than the two but the argument here boils to which sport between the two is more profitable. This paper examines both sports from different angles to include attendance, entertainment value, ticket costs, venues, salaries, television revenues and athlete perception. The goal of this paper is to determine which sport is more profitable (Bouchette 12). From the overall two thousand regular attendances in National Football League was 72,782,013 in 2,416 games at an Average per game crowd of 30,125 whereas the official attendance paid in Major League Baseball was 16,387,289 in 248 games. Therefore, baseball is twice as popular as football. The popularity in attendance clearly manifests realization of huge amounts of earnings from base ball as opposed to football. Football game is almost on every day on a variety of channels and its ratings are considered dismal when compared to baseball. The main reason for the rating is purely based on season length. This is because in MLB seasons are too short and every game means a lot. This makes baseball more profitable than football (Martin 18). Television revenue has nowadays become big business in sports industry. This is because television networks are paying large chunks of money to championship game to earn the rights of broadcasting sports activities. The championship game in the Major League Baseball is rated as the highest broadcast every year. Both MLB and NFL enjoy large television contracts. However the revenue shearing plans are quite dissimilar. The Major League Baseball receives 2.7 billion dollars a year from television revenue. National Football League receives 340 million dollars a year. This fact renders baseball more profitable than football (Bauchette 45). In regard to the ticket price, baseball becomes more profitable than football. This is because the ticket price usually vary but at average, ticket price for NFL contest was $ 20.07 With the highest average price being $ 30.33 to watch the famous Washington redskin.Where as on the other hand, the average ticket price for MLB was $53.4 to watch the Boston red sox and the lowest average ticket price was $34.07 to watch Milwaukee Brewers. The average MLB venue can hold up to 70,000 people with the largest stadium in San Diego setting its capacity to 76,000.The smallest of the MLB stadium is found at Boston with the capacity
Introduction There is little doubt that businesses should aim not only at reaping benefits but also following certain moral standards. However, the actual situation is far from being perfect. Ethics is sometimes violated, and both small and big companies might be involved in these issues. In this context, an ethical audit may be essential because it helps analyze the roots of the problem and identify probable solutions. The purpose of the present paper is to examine Nike as the company that follows some principles of corporate social responsibility but fails to meet the ethical requirements in relation to its workers from the developing countries. Similar to many large corporations, Nike possesses factories in these regions, but the labor conditions de facto leaves much to be desired: in Indonesia, the employees have to overwork without any compensation. In this essay, the context of the company’s behavior is given, and the situation is analyzed by means of four concepts, namely the Declaration of Human Rights approach, ethical fading, motivated and indirect blindness, and ethical culture assessment. Context of Behavior One of the most recognizable brands all over the globe, Nike is notable for its turnaround in terms of its behavior: the advancement in diversity and child labor rejection are positive tendencies. Still, the company is linked to sweatshops and found guilty of “numerous violations of requirements for reasonable working conditions in their production facilities” (Wong par. 3). While the headquarters and customer bases are situated in America, the vast majority of factories are located in Asia, where the costs of the labor force are significantly lower. More than that, the workers frequently have to overwork without additional payment. The case of Indonesian workers is illustrative: in 2012, only after a year of difficult negotiations, Nike agreed to pay $1 million in overtime compensation to about 4,500 Indonesian workers because almost 600 thousand hours of overtime at the facility reportedly went unpaid over the previous two years (Ghosh par. 1-2). As a result, it is probable to state that Nike is not always compatible with the requirements of ethics. The Situation Analysis The Declaration of Human Rights Approach First and foremost, one should underline that ethical values are not only connected with people’s consciousness but also institutionalized in different documents, the most remarkable of which is the Declaration of Human Rights. In this section, the main ideas pertaining to work and ethics are analyzed. According to the text of the declaration, “everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment” (United Nations 6). In terms of the discussed problem, the most important issue is the definition of favorable conditions. It is hardly possible to consider regular overworking without extra payments fairly. As the people made their choice and started working for Nike, it implies appropriate working conditions. Another statement put out in the declaration is tha
Introduction Strategy formulation and management are some of the critical aspects that companies rely on to succeed in achieving their business objectives. The business context is highly dynamic for any firm, thereby requiring appropriate planning and implementation of measures to steer the firm steadily towards its goals. Factors such as government policies and regulations, recessionary pressures, technological changes, and social characteristics of the market lie outside the control of a firm’s management. Therefore, it requires a highly effective strategy to counter the negative pressures. This paper analyzes the competitive strategies adopted by Sony Corporation and Nintendo Consumer Electronics Company, using the Porter’s competitive advantages and the Blue Ocean strategy respectively. Sony Entertainment Inc. Sony is a multinational manufacturer of a wide range of electronics, which include televisions, gaming consoles, music systems, DVDs, among a variety of other commodities. The firm is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, but it has established offices across its global market. Sony ranks amongst the biggest household names in terms of its heritage that has been built during its long period of operations. The Sony Online Entertainment (SOE) is the firm’s division concerned with the development and publication of video games. Among the most common games produced include EverQuest, PlanetSide, and the Star Wars Galaxies, among many others. Nintendo Company Ltd Nintendo is an established manufacturer of electronics devices and digital content with a global market reach. The firm is the largest globally in terms of the manufacture and sale of video games. The firm has manufactured several generations of the home console since the 1980s, beginning with the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System released in the early 1990s, and the Nintendo 64 that was released in the mid 1990’s. The Game Cube and Wii were released in 2001 and 2006 respectively, incorporating new technological features such as optical discs and the Wii Remote controller. Presently, Nintendo’s latest generation of home console is the Wii U, which was announced in 2012. It supports high-definition graphics and features an in-built touchscreen capability. Five-Force Analysis of the Entertainment Industry New Entry Threats New entrants into the digital entertainment content are faced with significantly high industry barriers that make it difficult for them to venture easily. An initial significant investment in the form of high capital outlay is required for an aspiring entrant to set base successfully. Part of this investment is needed for acquiring skilled workers and building critical techniques to enhance business continuity. Additionally, brand identity is useful to enable the new players to compete with other established players in the industry,
Living in a multi-ethnic society does not come in as easy. Often, we have heard or maybe encountered ourselves some prejudice with regards to people that has not the same color of our skin. In television and in movies, there are clashes in cultures. Unknown prejudice caused mainly by people’s refusal to accept reality as it is. This is why in the film by Paul Haggis Crash (2004) tackled the realities of what cross-cultural panorama of Los Angeles urban life looks like. More than the interwoven stories of multicultural people, it involves no direct good or bad people. These are people interconnected to each other in vestiges of crime, racism, corruption, obligation, indignation and chance over a two-day period (Sicinski, 2005). The storyline superimposed the complexity of their multifaceted lives entwined under the numerous social and psychological issues usually hidden inside the closet of the American consciousness. One of the most vivid stories that revolve around the movie is about two cops, one senior and the other junior. The other jaded and abusive, the other one is a novice and willing to learn the ropes. These cops are played by Matt Dillon and Ryan Philippe respectively. One day, when they were assigned in their beat site, they pull over a black couple Cameron and Christine (Terrence Howard and Thandie Newton) because the SUV they’re driving vaguely fits the description of a carjacked vehicle that was reported. However, while undertaking “a sobriety test to television director Cameron… his tipsy wife, Christine decides to step
Central theme of the article and critical analysis of its importance The article focuses on transient advantage, a crucial factor in business organizations (McGrath 62). Emerging businesses aim to gain competitive advantage so that they would outdo their competitors. This is crucial because business environments are characterized by a considerable level of competition (Gürerk, Irlenbusch, and Rockenbach 110). On the other hand, established firms that have sustained growth are no longer interested in gaining competitive advantage, but transient advantage. At this stage, they need to establish new strategic initiatives periodically. The initiatives should reflect changes in the concerned business industries (Barney 3). For example, this would entail adoption of innovative ideas and/or technologies that would help a firm to be an excellent performer for some time. This results in the creation of portfolio advantages that could be established and abandoned quickly. Thus, success of a firm that aims to gain transient advantage would require the realization and utilization of new operational capabilities. The article affirms that strategy is still important in turbulent industries like publishing and photography. Although leaders in these industries can compete effectively, they cannot use traditional approaches to outdo their competitors (McGrath 65). If a firm uses the same approaches that it used to gain competitive advantage a decade ago, then it would not achieve much with regard to gaining market share. On the other hand, visionary business managers and leaders are required to commence new strategic initiatives. Also, they need to exploit several transient competitive advantages. The author argues that modern business leaders have abandoned the norm of valuing stability in successful firms. Thus, they perceive strategy differently, i.e. less bound by industry, but more customer-centered. They use different methods to evaluate new business opportunities and approaches to utilizing innovative ideas. Thus, the central theme of the article is based on the adoption of transient advantage by the modern business organizations. Firms should visualize business environments in a different way and abandon the traditional competitive advantage as a way of outdoing business rivals (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 20; McGrath 67). This article has a lot of importance to the business community across the world. The study author introduces a new concept in business, which many companies have not yet adopted. A comparison is done on competitive advantage and transient advantage, and research-based evidence is provided to support the new concept (McGrath 64). The article would provide important information to both new and experienced business managers with regard to remaining relevant in terms of financial performance. Although the author supports transient advantage, there is limited evidence to support its significance to companies because it is relatively new. The concept requires to be changed frequently, and this would result in increased financial expenditure. It might be a powerful approach to businesses. However, it might not be applicable
Abstract The paper is an analysis of the effects of an economic project (Coal mining) taking place in a reserve (Denniston Plateau). First, a summary of the stakeholders was done and the historical context examined. Thereafter, the report looked at the consequences of this project on all entities. It was found that consumers of the product (mainly industrialists) and the mine company will benefit. The government will also get revenue from existence of the mine. However, these economic benefits will be offset by the environmental challenges that will stem from the mine. Problems of pollution in the local and global context will arise. This will threaten endangered species, destabilize local inhabitants and lead to climate change through emission of carbon dioxide when burning the commodity. Since several countries around the world will buy the coal, then this mine will affect a lot more stakeholders negatively than it will benefit them. Context of the situation The geographical context is Denniston Plateau, which is in the West coast of South Island, New Zealand. The area was initially a coal mining settlement with a close-knit community living there for years. However, after the owner closed a portion of the land, known as the Denniston Incline cable railway, in 1967, residents left the area. Only one residential house can be found in the location. Biologically, the area has diverse plant and animal species. Scientists claim that about 505 species live in the plateau. Some rare and endangered creatures are there, such as the spotted kiwi. Velvet worms and certain reptiles are just some of the other animals that would be destroyed if the coalmine opened. Insect diversity in the location is quite noteworthy. About 77 insect species inhabit Denniston, of which the day-flying moth