ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Werbach In “Nutritional Influences on Mental Illness”, Werbach continues to compile evidence from the work of others about the relationship between psychiatric disorders and vitamin or mineral deficiencies (folic acid, B 12, C, calcium, lithium). Taking the viewpoint of orthomolecular medicine that “mental” disorders are in fact physical “central nervous system disorders,” Werbach contends that omega 3 fatty acid has great value in the treatment of bipolar or mood disorder. Manifestations Besides the work of Werbach on orthomolecular medicine for mental illness, much work has been done to augment or refine the field. UK-based therapist and founder of the British Association for Nutritional Therapy Lazarides (n.d.) cites research dating back the 1980s in support of vitamin C and lecithin supplementation for bipolar disorders and the risk posed by excessive vanadium intake. For instance, she points to a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Naylor et al. (1981) where manic-depressive patients showed remarkable improvement after just one 3-gram megadose of vitamin C and also evinced progress when vanadium intake was reduced. Cohen et al . (1982) showed that lecithin alone worked well with manic patients. Somewhat later, Coppen et al . (1986) discovered that a 200-mcg folic acid was a useful adjuvant when lithium was administered for manic depressive illness. Much more recently, we find that inputs from orthomolecular medicine will presumably remain necessary because lithium remains in the treatment arsenal of mainstream psychiatry for bipolar disorder. This despite the complications and cumbersome monitoring that residents endure, the commercialization in 1994 of valproate for acute mania, and the procession of new medications and associated psychosocial interventions that followed. (van Kammen, 2007). The new mood stabilizers, Belmaker (2007) reports, count carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and such antipsychotic drugs as olanzapine or quetiapine. But perhaps the signal contributions of Belmaker are that:   * Despite the risk of provoking mania, use of antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy should continue on an individualized basis, especially for those who present with severe and sustained depression.   * He strongly urges serious consideration for nutrient therapy employing inositol 14 and n-3 fatty acids. Even as teacher in “mainstream” Psychology Medicine, Vaddadi assents to the Werbach viewpoint and points to “a growing body of evidence examining the role of neuronal phospholipid abnormalities in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illness…” (2006, 81). There have been eye-opening outcomes, he acknowledges, employing Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA or icosapentaenoic acid), an omega-3 fatty acid, to ameliorate mood disorders. Taking of
Abstract The article presents a brief overview of the meaning of the terms communism and organic solidarity and compares and contrasts them with respect to societal interactions. An in-depth analysis established that communistic ideologies were aimed at replacing the profit-based economy, which characterized the society during the ninetieth century. Communism was a more advanced form of socialism, which was believed to succeed in capitalism. According to Durkheim, organic solidarity is a form of socialism that laid the basis of the interconnectivity of societal elements. Durkheim was for the idea that social order can only exist where communities appreciate the differences that exist in any diversified society. Such differences may either be economic, cultural, ethnic, or political and can only be tackled through mutual understanding. Durkheim pointed out that although society is the key beneficiary following a social transformation from mechanical to organic solidarity, chaos, and anarchy are some of the anticipated outcomes. The Concept of Communism Communism was an economic and political ideology that targeted to replace the profit-based and property-owning economy with communal ownership, an arrangement where all factors of production in society are controlled by a central organ. Communism, in some way, is a highly advanced form of socialism. The development of communism saw a deep rivalry between the socialist world and communist states in the Western world. According to Marxists, communism is the new society that will come into existence following the overthrowing of capitalism, and it is a socially evolving process that will give yield to a world where a division of labor, as well as remuneration, will be non-existent. The wide-ranging political and theoretical agenda of Karl Max was primarily based on the concept of human history, which essentially differed from those of the social and philosophical thinkers (Marx, Engels & Arthur 21). The conception of communism came into existence in 1840 following the impulsive thought of two providential German interpreters, Engels and Karl Marx. The conception of communistic ideology by Karl Marx was on the premise of both knowledge and human possibilities that were apparent when the potentials of socialism were assessed. Marx analyzes capitalism by projecting the future of communism through the use of existing trends and patterns. According to Marx, communism favors the unstable and transforming states, and conditions for such a movement result from currently existing premises. Marx divides communism into two parts: the full communism and the dictatorship of the waged-people, with the latter depicting the transformation period between communistic and capitalistic societies. This certainly corresponds with the period that a state takes to transform into a revolutionary dictatorship (Marx & Engels 25). According to Communistic Manifesto, Marx primarily planned to wrest capital fr
Extant project management literature demonstrates that the structure and management of a project are extremely important fundamentals in any project management effort (Lechler & Dvir 2010), and are instrumental in ensuring that projects are managed in an effective way, thus leading to significant gains in productivity, profitability, and employee morale (Patanakul & Shenhar 2012). From the case study, it is evident that the West Gate project had a multiplicity of problems with its structure and management, particularly with regard to the major stakeholders involved and the relationships and interactions between them. A complex project such as the West Gate project is made manageable by first decomposing it into individual constituents in a hierarchical structure, referred to as the work breakdown structure (Devi & Reddy 2012). However, the first problem with the structure of the project arose due to irresponsible assignment of responsibilities by the state-funded independent statutory authority known as the Lower Yarra Crossing Authority (LYCA). In the West Gate project, consulting engineering companies Maunsell and Partners (M&P) and Freeman, Fox, and Partners (FF&P) provided consulting engineer services for the project and came up with the main tasks including concrete construction works and large scale steel construction works. These tasks were allocated to two other engineering contracting companies, namely John Holland (Constructions) Pty. Ltd (JHC) and World Services and Construction Pty. Ltd (WSC). Later, after WSC went behind schedule in onsite erection and fitting of the bridge steel works, LYCA contracted JHC to complete the steel-related tasks despite the fact that JHC was only experienced in concrete constructions work but had no relevant experience with large scale steel constructions projects. An effective project structure must have the capacity not only to define the activities that can be commenced and completed independently of other project activities, but also to measure and control the project towards successful completion (Devi & Reddy 2012). A second problem for the structure of the West Gate’s project, therefore, was grounded on the fact that although LYCA had defined and separated project activities (construction works and steel works) to be completed independently by JHC (construction works) and WSC (steel works), it had not put in place quantifiable measurement and control strategies (checkpoints) to ensure the contracted engineering firms kept up with the pace of the project (Lewis 2007). In this light, the work under WSC’s control (steel works and fabrication) went behind schedule, causing LYCA to authorize JHC to proceed with the bridge steel works despite the fact that the company was inexperienced in such a large-scale steel project. The third problem with the project’s structure concerns the fact that in decomposing the project scope and the project deliverables into small, more manageable components (construction works and steel works), LYCA and the consulting engineers for the project (M&P and FF&P) failed to define the scope
The article “The Future of U.S.-Chinese Relations: Conflict Is a Choice, not a Necessity” by famous politician Henry Kissinger highlights the main tendencies in the relations between the two states. The author explains that despite significant cooperation increase between China and the United States the controversies among the two countries also became increased. The article begins with relating the events of the negotiation between the high officials of the United States and China held in 2011, and the results they led to. In particular, the author expresses his worries concerning the armament drive initiated by China and the creation of a Sinocentric Asian bloc which can be evaluated as a serious threat to the positions of United States not only in the Asian region, but also in the whole world. Of course, China conceals such dangerous strategies stating the opposite ideas of its main objectives being in economic development and the improvement of social situation in the country; however, facts show the opposite that the country is concentrated on the increase its military power. Next, Kissinger meditates on possible strategies which might be implemented by the United States in order to prevent the military conflict with China, and guarantee peace in the world. In particular, he argues that the establishment of democratic values in every land including China is a sure way to peace and harmony in the human society. He also explains the importance of creation of multiparty system in China for changing the aggressive moods in the country, and establishing the ideas of peace in the world as a primary purpose for every state. Highlighting the main points of the article, it should be stated that they are in the prognosis of possible relations between China and the United States, and the positive results which might be achieved in case the two counties will be able to find compromise in their relations. Kissinger explains that no other compromise is possible, but the one resting on the ideas of democracy. In addition, the author provides numerous reasons why China and The United States must find a way to compromise including the experience of the two World Wars and the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Another strong reason which states separately, and appears to be the most outstanding is in the economic expansion of both China and the United States. In case the war begins between them, this will be a sure way to the world economic collapse which is not possible to overcome. Therefore, the war is to be avoided by all means, and the best possible diplomatic relations between the two countries are to be developed. Overall, the article “The Future of U.S.-Chinese Relations: Conflict Is a Choice, not a Necessity” by Henry Kissinger raises the issues which are rife in connection to the relations between China and the United States, and their consequences for the peace in the world. Ki
Introduction This paper is an instructional guide, which is prepared with the aim of being presented to the board of the charity organization. The organization under investigation includes older adult people, who want to raise money for charity donations and supporting local artistry by selling handmade crafts and some other related goods via Internet. Objectives The purpose of this instructional guide is to provide the charity organization’s board with the real-life examples of effective usage of Internet with the aim of achieving the objectives set by the members. The most significant goal of the guide is to determine the websites, which are easy to use and access for those people, who do not have strong skills in using computers and need a lot of time to learn new applications. In other words, the chosen websites should demonstrate that they comply with the primary requirements of the charity organization’s members and are beneficial for selling more handmade crafts and other goods. Materials – Determining Related Websites The idea behind the instructional guide is to choose several websites often used for the retail purposes and conduct their analysis on the basis of studying the features, which are crucial for the target users. The proposed e-commerce retailers might include Amazon, Etsy, eBay, and others. Other websites such as social networks or video-sharing websites will not be proposed because, first, sometimes it takes a lot of time to obtain necessary skills to use them and, second, using them for the determined objectives is intricate. Of course, video-sharing websites like YouTube have proved to be effective for increasing sales because demonstrating the goods via video clips is more attractive if compared to photos and product description, but the skills and knowledge of the target sellers should be the foremost priority (Robertson, 2011). Social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and others, which are actively used for marketing purposes, will also be ignored due to the complexity of working with them. Nevertheless, search engines such as Yahoo and Google are recommended. Procedures – Guidelines for Evaluating the Websites The procedures section is made up of two subsections – guidelines for conducting instructional activities and necessary resources. The first subsection will focus on the features of the websites themselves while the second one will provide the requirements to resources and skills. The motivation for the similar division is to mention every detail, which might be significant for reaching the established objectives of the charity organization members. Designing the Conduct of Instructional Activities While choosing the websites, it is recommended to keep in mind several features. First of all, it is better to use the popular website. Because the primary objective of the target people is to sell their goods and donate money to charity, they are not interested in promotion and marketing because it is expensive. That is why, the first feature for the website analysis is website popularity, i.e. how many p
Introduction Web accessibility is the term used to refer to the usability and accessibility of the website by the differently-able or disabled people with auditory, physical, cognitive, visual, cognitive, and neurological disabilities. In other words, an accessible web makes the different types of disabled people understand, perceive, navigate and interact on the web. Different disabilities affect the usability of the web differently and form the scenarios to be adopted in web development. As the number of people using the web for education, employment and education purposes, the ratio of people with disability that are using the web also increase, reflecting the need to increase the web to their access. Web access to disabled people reduces the digital divide and is a socially responsible issue. So the current paper intends to identify how web accessibility is observed and created for Colorblind people. Problem Statement How website design is made accessible to the color blind and the different types of color blindness with the click of a button When the web is more accessible to the major audience, the purpose of the web enablement will be fulfilled. However, color blindness prevails in 12% of men. And it is also known that 8% of American men (one in twelve) have some form of color blindness. What if the hot customer who has color blindness is not able to submit the order form when he could not understand the instruction stating the green button for submission and a red button for cancellation? Such circumstances made the web developers think about the web accessibility issue for color blind people. Body Context Color Blindness Color blindness, though treated as a disability, little is known about its awareness and the facilities to reduce the troubles associated with it. Though there is no clear figure on how many people suffer from the problem, the disability definitely disturbs online activity. The official statistics say that more than 8% of males and between 0.4% – 2% of females in the US are color blind. The disability is in several forms and is commonly termed as color blindness or color deficiency. The disability causes color vision confusion and is known as CVC in short. Color blindness is a problem in seeing colors as most others see them. But it is not blindness; it has nothing to do with the eyesight. These people confuse some colors and may not see someones at all. Many people think color-blind users only see black and white – like watching a black and white movie or television. But only a few people really do not see all colors. At the back of our eyes, there are cones (blue, red, and green) that pick up color and rods that pick up the brightness. Colorblind people have fewer cones than normal, so they get color confusion. People see differently with different colors. The most identified color confusion is between green and red. There is no known factor that causes color blindness; there are assumptions that factors like head trauma or treatment. I
Introduction Marketing has become an integral part of modern organizations. The Dubai World Central (DWC) is an integrated state organization that conducts a variety of business operations in the local, regional, and international markets. Its activities include the management of air traffic, logistics, and the development of leisure facilities, among others. The hub aims at tapping the eight integrated economic facets as it offers the most important urban transformation of the region into an economic power, facilitating trade, and transport, which are the key drivers of Dubai’s growth and government’s excellence. A robust marketing strategy for such an expansive economic driver is vital since value creation is paramount to the success of the establishment. This paper aims at providing an elaborate report on how the DWC marketing function is achieved to create and establish customer value and relationships. Current Situation Analysis Economic leadership closely correlates with global trade dynamics and patterns. In this regard, Dubai exposes itself to numerous vagaries of world trade, especially with its open economic structure. Being a significant node in global logistics networks, Dubai offers DWC an already established system that will suit its operations. With the growth of the world population and the integration of Asian nations in the global economy, the demand for transportation, aviation, and logistics continues to grow rigorously. Microenvironment The internal environment is an important aspect of any organization. It determines the strengths and weaknesses of the business. The internal settings also have significant effects on the external business environment. The DWC’s microenvironment is a strong and unshakable one, as it comprises eight business districts that aim at integrative operations. The organization is an all-encompassing facility that addresses aviation, leisure, residential, and logistic functions, among others, in its areas of operation. The Airport facility is currently operational. This accomplishment is the first phase of the project. The aviation facility can handle over 600,000 tons of cargo in a year. It has been programmed to operate in a 24-hour economy. At present, the airport has over 60 planes besides a fuel firm and fire station. It also runs various line maintenance units that ensure proper progress of activities. Many organizations that operate at the local, regional, and international levels will remain in a position to reap thoroughgoing benefits since the firm is focused on increased cargo capacity and passenger handling in the near future. The expansion plan will also allow the handling of more aircraft. This situation will ensure impro
Introduction The increased global population is one of the main contributing factors to the insufficiency of food for consumption. For a long time now scientist have been altering different types of crops and animals through selective breeding in a bid to improve their production. Although selective breeding is one of the common methods of gene transfer, genetic engineering outdoes it because of its wider scope (Butcher, 2009, p.1). This has therefore led to the development of genetically modified organisms. The technology of genetic engineering though common in animals and crops it has been used in other life forms for example the bacteria modified to block HIV transmission. GMOs are now in high production globally as a way of increasing the food production. Though in high demand, there have been controversies on policies governing the production of genetically modified foods in most countries (Butcher, 2009, p.1). Australia is no exception, since its scientists have had several discussions on the issue majorly arguing about its impact of the environment. This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of how the different value systems and ideologies influence this environmental issue in terms of their management and the public agenda. Genetically Modified Foods Genetically modified foods are foods whose genetic make-up and or constitution have been altered so as to influence their productivity as well as the end product (Butcher, 2009, p.1). The genetically modified organisms known by the acronym (GMOs) are the host species of a genetically modified food. This technology involves the removal of the desired characteristic from one organism then introducing it into another species. This technology is widely used globally to produce the highly demanded commodities whose supply is minimal (Engdahl, 2007, p.360). Today many varieties of crops and animals have come up as a result of this technology. However, the question which many people ask themselves is whether these foods are safe for consumption and whether they could pose any harm to the environment. This question is difficult to answer at the moment since the little research done on GMOs has not shown any negative impacts. However, this is not to mean that they have no risk since there are definitely long-term effects of these modified foods on human beings, animals and the environment (Engdahl, 2007, p.360). The issue of GMOs has been of political and social concern since time immemorial because even the first food alteration was authorized by a Supreme Court ruling. Environmental organizations, governments as well the public interest groups have been the major protestors of genetically modified foods. A list of perceived Benefits and Risks of GMOs   * The crops have high yields yet with low cost of production   * Development of drought resistance crop and animal types   * Increased nutrition in the low nutrient types of foods   * Increased supply of foods thus low prices to the consumers Risks   * Creation of herbicide resistant weeds as well insecticide resistant insects   * The organisms could harm the soil fertility   * Possible effects on organism not targ