ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Professional development and school improvement is a continuous process. It is imperative that teachers be empowered to improve on their training skills and strategies (National Staff Development Council, 2014). On the other hand, it is the responsibility of the school administration to ensure that students’ performance improve. The presentation defines an effective professional development. In this regard, the presentation focuses on instructional vision and personal development, as well as, associated challenges of the same. Finally, the presentation provides a connection between curriculum, instruction and professional development in the context of an educational setting. What is effective professional development? An effective professional development is a necessary process where need for establishing a performing educational system is indispensable (Richards, 2009). There are important elements associated with an effective professional development. In this regard, the importance of facilitating collegiality and collaboration among education stakeholders is critical. Therefore, a teamwork should be established to conduct needs assessment to evaluation of the professional development and school improvement initiative. Moreover, it is necessary to involve educators as primary planners in professional development. Educators possess necessary experience and skills that require improvement. The importance of identifying the purpose of personal development is critical in providing a guideline and inspiration to the initiated efforts. Effective professional development An effective professional development must possess diversity of ideas, people and practices as main characteristics (Richards, 2009). There is importance of empowering teachers to facilitate professional development at the school level due to their expertise in classroom culture. Teachers can provide social and technical assistance to colleagues or during the initial phases of the professional development initiative. Moreover, teachers understand the importance of a follow-up in the program and inclusion of stakeholders from the learning community. An effective professional development process must adhere to school and personnel schedules. In addition, integrated planning is critical in ensuring the initiative is well-coordinated. An effective professional development encourages systems thinking for optimal benefit. In this regard, the use of technical and communication systems to integrate subsystems and phases of c
The dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro in front of the King Archon’s court reveals two individuals at crossroads on how to define and comprehend holiness. The two were to attend court hearings on different cases. During their discussion, they reveal to each other reasons why they are to appear in court. According to Burrington (n.d.), Socrates was to attend a court hearing in which Meletus accuses him of distracting the attention of young people from believing in the gods that the state religion recognizes. Instead, Socrates was propagating for the belief in new gods. On the other hand, Euthyphro was at the court to file a case against his father, who, he argues, has made his family and friends be unkind to him. The father had isolated a servant, who killed a family slave, in a ditch to prevent religious pollution. Later, the servant died even before the messenger could report on what religious steps could be taken against the servant. Euthyphro explains that it is wrong, in line with his accepted beliefs, to protect a manslayer. In addition, he says that his actions would prevent poisoning his father’s associates. According to Socrates, it is a taboo to lodge harmful proceedings against one’s father. This different points of view or different reasoning perspectives prompted the two to discuss in depth the concept of holiness or piety. Notably, Socrates wanted to understand the interpretation of the term holiness from other people’s standpoint. This step could help him in defending himself at the court (God, 2009). Socrates wanted to gage whether his action of preaching to the youths to accept foreign gods could be viewed as holy or not. Additionally, he wanted to know whether his act was appeasing or annoying all the gods and whether it was right or wrong. The concept of holiness also took prominent position, as Socrates wanted Euthyphro to evaluate his decision of arraigning his father in court. In the dialogue, Socrates aimed at making Euthyphro back his actions with solid premises, which are religious. According to Socrates, many people have confused religious actions that are wrong or right, as they argue from archaic religious contextual. Remarkably, these two characters were faced by cases, which required deep philosophical explanations and comprehension. Socrates requested Euthyphro to define what is meant by piety. In his first response, Euthyphro defended his ‘religious’ actions by alluding that even Zeus punished his father the same way. Socrates refuted this response by saying that, though it can be genuine, but the exemplification cannot be part of the definition. Therefore, Euthyphro needs to understand the difference between what he considers religious and what he considers moral. Further, Socrates adds that he had difficulties in comprehending how misunderstanding
Introduction The movie industry refers to the businesses that primarily deal with the exhibition of movies. It comprises of the film festival exhibitors, cinemas, outdoor and drive-in movie theaters. The PESTLE comprises of the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. Both PESTLE forces and the Porter’s forces affect the performance of the movie industry. The paper will discuss the forces as well as evaluate the main strategic issues affecting the movie theatres. In addition, strategic initiatives that can help exhibitors in handling the strategic issues will be evaluated (Katkin 6). PESTLE Forces The meaning of the PESTLE analysis entails evaluating each of the PESTLE components and the way in which they influence the movie industry. Political factors The government plays a major role in the way the movie industry operates. Some governments protect intellectual rights and patents for the movie industry. The protection of intellectual properties helps in preventing the copying of technological processes that negatively affects the company profits, sales and product prices. Government’s role in the release of films affects the industry (Katkin 6). Some jurisdictions control the release of films by protecting morals and culture, banning movies regarded as highly sexual and with violent subject matter and regulating the content of each movie. This is associated with the uncertainty regarding the date of the release of the movies. In addition, the movie industry is subject to the FCC, as well as the regulations imposed upon it. This affects the production of film and TV due to the fines imposed by the FCC (Slamanig 1). Economic Factors The industry is extremely expensive, which makes it very valuable to capture a small portion of the market share. The movie industry has a high cost of capital that makes it difficult for new firms to enter the industry (Slamanig 2). This is due to the high cost of production associated with movie products. Economic forces such as the recession and high unemployment rates negatively affect movie attendance. This occurs when theatre owners charge higher ticket prices in order to maintain the sales for box office (Slamanig 2). Technological Factors There are several technological changes taking place in the movie industry over time. The use of internet platforms to facilitate entertainment has led to the growth of the industry in meeting advertisers concerns on the reduction in advertising opportunities due to piracy (Slamanig 4). In addition, the use of mobile devices and the introduction of the new video format shows the level at which advancement in technology has propelled the movie industry to achieving higher quality. It is therefore essential for companies to adapt to the new technology that deals with online streaming in order to remain relevant in the i
Introduction The interview is a research method that needs thorough planning and exceptional knowledge of the special techniques. Moreover, competence, neutrality, and tactfulness are crucial elements of an interview. Interviewers must be proficient not only in their fields but also in psychology. Although this method may contribute to a detailed understanding of the situation or phenomenon being researched, its appropriateness significantly depends on context. Main body Firstly, the outcomes of an interview depend predominantly on the questions that researchers ask. For instance, qualitative and quantitative questions result in entirely different reflections. The quantitative method includes a prepared set of answers, while the qualitative approach lets the respondents provide broader perspectives (Doody & Noonan, 2013). Responses can be more or less subjective, and the questioner should know how to regulate this subjectivity. Researchers classify interviews as structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. (Doody & Noonan, 2013). Structured interviews have a set protocol of questions, while unstructured and semi-structured interviews comprise open questions on which the respondent should reflect. Various contexts need different types of questions, which can be set or situational. Secondly, a competent questioner is to understand the difference between interviewees’ words and their thought processes. For example, if research demands the full understanding of one’s environment and thoughts, it is to contain “why” and “how” questions. The interviewer should learn to capture the respondent’s thinking process as fully as possible. Therefore, the conversation the aim of which is to reveal the broader context should include core and related questions, which are later subject to improvement through pilot testing (Jamshed, 2014). The recording method is also essential to the interview outcomes as it allows the questioner to detect verbal signals and interpret them. Interview preparation, process, and deciphering should take into account the complexity and potential ambiguity of one’s thoughts. Importantly, experts involved in interviewing consider both interview planning and its deciphering. Proper interview planning depends on the number of tools that are available to researchers. These instruments largely depend on the questioners’ knowledge of trends and advancements in the field. For instance, such approaches as a perceptual map technique can help inquirer identify the preferences of potential customers and understand the targeted audience of a product better. The perceptual map fosters goal-oriented thinking and creates a reference frame that makes communication between interviewer and respondent clearer (Mojtahed, Nunes, Martins, & Peng, 2014). Interview planning and deciphering
The European Middle Ages, popularly referred to as ‘dark ages’ can only be described by one word, ‘barbaric’. This was after the fall of the Roman Empire that had ruled for almost 500 years. Hooligans, Hans, barbarians and Goths came from all directions, East and North, sweeping down Europe. Many buildings and architectural structures that were used during the reign of Roman Empire were destroyed. The Western half of Europe was now in a state of anarchy but Eastern Europe was still thriving. Power was now decentralized, army was disbanded and the force that upheld Rome collapsed. During this time, there was little education and trade, countries were fragmented into small portions that were now under the control of feudal lords. Barbaric tribes were immense and kings had little power. This means that the Roman army that used to protect the empire was almost powerless and could no longer guarantee security and distance travels became quite risky. I could not even visit my uncle who lived in the neighboring city to have a chat with my cousins and being the only child at home them, life was so boring. I had to stay indoors for most of the days as schooling had also become difficult. My father would leave us home to go look for casual jobs in the agricultural farms as this was the only place that one could secure one. Feudal lords had taken over all the lands and the laws that protected such property were no longer applicable. By now, schools were closed roads were not maintained d and living standards were dismal. Agricultural practices were torn down and the agribusiness that had thrived was now replaced by subsistent farming. The fertile lands in the areas of Iran and Iraq that had flourished in technology collapsed and resulted to use of rough methods of irrigation which had a great effect on rivers Tigris and Euphrates. There were salt sediments along these basins and eventually, they became deserts which are prevalent to date. Misery continued and life became almost unbearable. This was made worse by the emergence of plagues that saw the continued downfall of cities like Persia, Indonesia and Arabia. Northern Greece was also invaded Dorians and this led to the collapse of the famous arts culture and playwrights that had charmed the world. The Mycenaean who were the Greeks in the Bronze Age and popularly referred by Greeks as Ionians fled and settled in Turkey. Today, there is the believe that the Philistines referred to in the bible were the Ionians who settled in Israel. The church conserved ancient and Biblical writings and it helped in bringing people together since it had a centralized authority and was constant. The barbar
Sorting and classifying Early patterning experiences are extremely significant for young learners in terms of their mathematical development (Papic, 2007). Patterning helps in arranging as well as classifying items, which helps our children to think sensibly and be able to relate the rules. Moreover, patterning teaches the children about relationships and attributes. This exercise provides children with models that help in organizing things in the actual world, example is putting the blocks together (Tucker, 2002). Initially, children learn to contrast things, then categorize them. Children are capable of learning how to organize items by focusing on characteristics of the objects, and then focus on objects that are not included. As a justification to why they are not included, children can practice grouping objects based on observable uniqueness. By doing so, they are gathering concepts that will form a basis, which will help in understanding mathematical functions (Saw, 2002). Patterns and sequences Patterns and sequences ease the process of understanding concepts in mathematics; which is the basis for solving difficult problems in mathematics and functions too (Waters, 2001). Patterns help to identify similarities and be able to formulate number predictions. Learning the basic number patterns helps a student understand functions better, and these functions explain why there is an association between different quantities (Ginsburg, 1993). What assists students in categorizing minor numbers from the bigger ones is sequence teaching, which also helps them in adding and subtracting. Therefore, an understanding array of numbers helps in solving difficult mathematical problems. Pattern creation and ordering With pattern creation and ordering, children learn to place objects in sequence and compare them accordingly. When children are able to compare and order objects, they are able to compare different numbers, ordering them from ascending to descending (Charlesworth, 2010). Therefore, it is easier for them to learn how to work out compound mathematical problems in the future. Children will be able to add up, and subtract as well as arrange numbers in order.
Introduction Economic and financial crises may be caused by adverse external factors as well as logical processes that are part of the cyclical mechanisms of the market (Birdsall 5). The latter is important to acknowledge for scholars in order to regard crises not as much as disasters but as developments within economies where a long chain of events and circumstances lead to a crisis. Therefore, identifying what caused a particular financial crisis is challenging, and a single answer to what causes a crisis is unattainable (Taylor 1). Also, defining the consequences is difficult because economic processes are highly interconnected, which is why it is hard to determine what would have happened in an economy if it had not been for a financial crisis. However, researchers still emphasize the importance of analyzing crises for the purpose of developing better coping strategies for negative effects, such as higher unemployment rates, decreased consumption, lower incomes, and so on. For the financial crisis of 2008, three major points of analysis can be identified: causes of the crisis, response to it, and possible recommendations for avoiding similar devaluation in the future. Causes of the Financial Crisis of 2008 First of all, there are multiple approaches to defining the causes of the financial crisis of 2008. One of them is the classic approach that is hundreds of years old and based on the fundamental understanding of how capitalist economies work. According to this perspective, crises “are caused by excesses—frequently monetary excesses—which lead to a boom and an inevitable bust” (Taylor 1). For the given crisis, the excess came from the area of housing, where values and assets had not been properly assessed, which resulted in financial turmoil that spread from the United States around the world. Economics specialists have argued that the global financial crisis of 2008 was caused by a combination of factors, including the abundance of cheap credits in the macroeconomic environment as well as counterproductive decision-making in governments and in the market. From the point of view of the international political economy, these circumstances, as they had been leading to the crisis, could have been identified to establish the threats associated with them (Helleiner 67). For example, many scholars, although a minority in the academic community, had been pointing at the weaknesses of the pre-crisis securitization model. As well, many had been criticizing policies and revealing regulatory failures of the late Bush administration. However, according to international political economy experts, the academic community, in general, had failed to recogniz
Introduction The ‘NIGHTINGALE AND THE ROSE’ refers to a short story to which love features as the overall theme. In the story, we are introduced to a young student who has been promised a dance by the young beautiful lady that is the professor’s daughter. From the story, it is quite clear that the young boy expects much to come out of this and maybe he gets a foundation on his love life from the ball. As such, the young student reflects “that the prince gives a ball tomorrow night, murmured the young student, and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn,” (Del 6). The young student presage what he expects of her reaction when she sites him with a red rose. He reckons that he would embrace her between his arms; consequently the lady would “lean her head upon my shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine” (Del 7). However, the predicament faced by the young student is that his garden lacks red roses. In effect, he feels that the encounter with the lady will be a sorry state of affair. He reckons that he will be a lonely soul seated as the lady passes by for he has nothing good to offer her. Of this, he says she will have “no heed of me and my heart will break” (Wilde 5). The devastation and desperation in the boy’s heart as witnessed by the Nightingale melts his heart as he pities the boy. The girl’s request to be sent a red rose is unrealistic then given the fact that it is not flowering season for the red roses. However, the Nightingale is stunned by the boy’s reaction and equates the passion in the boy to a character he normally sings about when he says, “here at last is a true lover,”(Del 5). He proceeds to say “that night after night I have sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him” (Del 8). The above sets the pace in the story, therefore, with Nightingale sacrificing his life, his music and everything for the sake of this young man. This, however, does augur well given the fact that the girl refuses the rose citing another bowling invitation where she has been presented with jewels as gifts. She values them more than the rose, and, therefore, turns down the boys offer, this discourages the boy as
Martin Luther King, Jr. is one of the brightest and most persistent leaders within the Civil Rights movement. He inspired millions of people and made them take their stand. First, this preacher was seen as a religious leader who stood for Christian morality in terms of the American society, but soon he entered the US political arena. 1 Martin Luther King managed to make the government hear the poor people’s message. The movement had a great impact on the American society. Several programs aimed at helping poor people of color were launched. Of course, the war in Vietnam undermined the development of the programs and the movement itself. Martin Luther King noticed the negative trend and he took his stand to make people see the devastating effects of the war. The leader noted that lots of programs were shut as the funds were used to support the military industry. 2 He knew that the war was a great mistake and he wanted to make people see that. He stressed that according to polls millions of people were against the war. However, millions were also unsure and were silent. 3 Martin Luther King tried to make those people speak. Notably, the leader of the Civil Rights movement provided comprehensive evidence to support his stand. He linked the Civil Right Movement to the Vietnam War and justified his viewpoint. Firstly, he argued that the funds which were to be sent to help poor people were allocated to support the military operations. 4 Martin Luther King stressed that there was another problem, which was much more serious. He noted that the government sent thousands of young men of color as well as white men to fight for illusive values. 5 Of course, these were two basic reasons why the war had a negative impact on the development of the Civil Rights movement. However, Martin Luther King also named one more reason which could have negative effects in the long run. He noted that the movement for Civil Rights could be changed and become more violent. 6 He claimed that many fighters for the Civil Rights were adopting violent measures of struggle since they witnessed the ways which were used by the government. Admittedly, it was quite logical to use violent actions against the government which used force to achieve certain goals. Martin Luther King claimed that it was a very dangerous trend and the government had to reconsider its ways. It is important to note that those precautions were ignored. Many people tried to highlight King’s ‘errors’. Thus, there were articles where King was depicted as an ignorant and unpatriotic idealist who did not see the whole picture. 7 Nonetheless, the history has shown that the ideas expressed by M