ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Consumerism refers to the process by which individuals acquire new goods and services without making some important considerations. Some of these considerations that the consumers do not mind are their need for the product and the durability of the product. They also do not mind the effects of the manufacture and disposal of the product to the environment. Companies spend huge sums of money to advertise their products so as to create a desire for the product by the consumers. The advertisements convince the consumers that the products are very important and that it is very beneficial for them to acquire the products. Those who acquire the products are convinced that they have made an achievement. Consumerism leads to materialism where consumers are preoccupied with the acquisition of material objects, comforts and considerations and have no concern on the spiritual, intellectual, and cultural values. Consumerism has many effects on the society. The common trends of buying adequate supply of life’s necessities, community life, a stable family and healthy relationships changes to a situation where individuals have a great desire for new things and the money to buy them with little or no concern on the utility of the new products. The individuals and organizations that benefit from consumerism encourage individuals to discard old products either because they are not durable or because their fa
The concept of leadership is complex and multifaceted, appealing to both people’s ability to approach a problem objectively and their emotional side. Analyzing the examples of great leaders will allow dissecting the phenomenon of leadership and determining the aspects thereof that help one to set and attain goals. Therefore, an in-depth study of one of the greatest examples of a leader is needed (Lewis, 2003). For this purpose, the example of a historical figure of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as Mahatma Gandhi, will be considered. Embodying the essence of spiritual leadership, Gandhi managed to lead millions of people by setting a personal example of self-sacrifice, intelligence, and empathy. The unique leadership style and the ability to combine persistence with a nonviolent strategy were the key rationale for choosing Gandhi as the focus of this essay. By combining the attributes of several key leadership styles, including transformational one, servant leadership, and spiritual one, Gandhi created a strong following of millions of people who supported his cause and became sympathetic to his plight. This paper consists of three key parts, including introduction to the topic, the further discussion of Gandhi’s leadership style, and the concluding statement. The discussion, in turn, analyzes the extent to which Gandhi changed the Indian society, the traits that he possessed as a leader, the fundamental characteristics by which his leadership style could be described, and the effects of his leadership. Thus, a profound assessment of Gandhi’s leadership style is performed. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as a Leader: Analysis Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi played a critical role in liberating India and supporting its independence movement. At the time, India remained a British colony, which affected the state politically and economically to a significant degree (Dhiman, 2017). Therefore, to introduce changes of the political landscape of the state, one needed the force that could motivate the Indian population, at the same time giving people the strength and willpower that they would need to withstand the difficulties that would ultimately ensue. Gandhi was the perfect leader for reinforcing the conce
Case Overview Atom Film was the first entertainment company to distribute a short-format entertainment including short films and animations to a large consumer audience primarily through the internet and television. In 2000, Atom Film’s innovative and quality film content was in great demand among the audience, making it a company of choice for most online media companies. However, towards the end of the same year, a decline of the market, particularly internet advertising market, led to reduced revenues and investment. This forced the Atom Film’s CEO, Mika Salmi, to forge a merger with another online advertising firm, Shockwave.com, in order to strengthen the company. Consequently, Atom Shockwave, with Salmi as the CEO, was founded. Unfortunately, unfavorable economic conditions that plunged the internet-advertising industry between 2001 and 2002 led to increased cost cutting in an attempt to remain profitable. During this time, most companies dealing in internet advertising closed down. However, Atom Shockwave survived but again faced stiff competition in 2003 for the online market from other established internet com
In his book “In an Antique Land,” author Amitav Ghosh provides an analysis of his experience in a small village in the Nile Delta, Egypt, during his visit between 1980 and 1981. Seven years later, Ghosh returns to the village, only to find the reality of the fast-changing society, where the flow of money, change of culture, and increased shift from the old to the new style of living are evidenced (Srivastava, 2008, p. 63). In the second narrative, which is primarily fictional, but based on the author’s return to Egypt in 1988, a constructed history of the return of Abraham Ben Yiju, a Jewish merchant returning to an Egyptian village, is parallel to the writers return to the village. Here, the author attempts to show how the local communities are affected by modernization, revolutions, change of culture, and increased economic benefits at the expense of other societies facing revolutions. In the last section known as “the return,” Ghosh (1994, p. 321) says, “…it was not just that the lanes were now different or that so many of the traditional adobe houses had been demolished and replaced with modern bungalows… another important thing had changed as well… the relations between the different kinds of people in this village had experienced significant changes through upturning and rearrangements.” Arguably, the in-dep
Introduction Bahrain is known to be an insurance hub in the Middle East region due to its successful and effective monetary policies. This has resulted in the emergence of the best insurance firms that offer several services to the employees and those in the private sector. The kingdom of Bahrain is endowed with the local and international insurance service providers who are able to give a range of insurance services to the clients at the local and international levels. The insurance services range from health, property, personal and group covers. Bahrain is composed of a large number of foreign expatriates and the workforce. This has made it necessary to come up with insurance covers that will include foreign expatriates and the local Bahraini workers. Most of these insurance firms offer holistic solutions to the needs of the clients. Employees are able to register for policies that cover their families and property as this makes them feel secure (Dixon, 1999). Medical Insurance Plans have been underway to make insurance cover compulsory for all the expatriates working in Bahrain so as to reduce the government budget on healthcare. Most of these expatriates are currently entitled to unlimited health services at the government hospitals and other medical institutions. There are plans in place to ensure that companies that have more than 500 workers become the first to register their employees for the appropriate insurance policies. This will be later extended to smaller companies. The Bahrain population is composed of 39% foreigners who form more than 70% of the total workforce. There has been an upsurge in the need for health services in the recent past, hence there was a need to take drastic measures. There are plans to involve the private sector in the health matters. The National Health Insurance scheme is supposed to ensure that health issues of the expatriates are well taken care. The expatriates, private medical practitioners, companies and sponsors have been involved in this plan. The scheme is supposed to be rolled out in stages so as to ensure that all the stakeholders are involved and they are ready. This is supposed to take five years. After the full implementation of the scheme, it is expected that each foreign expatriate will have a medical insurance cover. At the first stage, the fees and levies will be increased and the private insurance sector will not be involved at this stage. After the scheme is implemented, the expatriates and other employees will be issued with medical cards which will enable them to get medical services from the appropriate medical centers. In the event that an employee is not covered, the he/she will still benefit from the levy system. With the current trends in globalization insurance, firms have been putting a lot of effort in making insurance services available to the local employees, as well as foreign expatriates. The insurance companies in the Kingdom of Bahrain are well known for their competitiveness in service delivery. These companies offer both, the inpatient and outpatient medical covers. The employees are able to receive maternity, dental and optical covers. This insurance cover also give
For the work on the project, our class was subdivided into groups. We needed to work in groups during the semester; therefore, the proper distribution of students into members was extremely important. I was lucky to appear in the group of my good friends. That is why, working in team with them was easy and interesting for me. I knew every member of my group before the project, and this made it easier for me to communicate with them. Knowing the personal qualities of every individual allowed us organize the work properly. Specifically, we managed to distribute the tasks among the group members in a way that guaranteed the sufficiency and competency of every individual. Every member of the group was responsible for some task and its performance. All the members managed to do their tasks on time, and there were no disagreement with any of the members. At the beginning of the work on the project, I expected the work to be rather complicated. Namely, I had assumed that it would be hard for several group members to cooperate. In fact, I had doubts about the team project to be successful. I thought that it would have been better and more comfortable for me to work on the project on my own. It was also hard for me to trust the other members, and let them be responsible for some tasks. However, with the flow of the work my vision of the project changed. The team project appeared to be a very interesting and educational type of activity. What is more, the group project contributed to my general understanding of the subject. As far as the responsibilities were distributed among the members of the team, it was easier for me to analyze every level of the subject. Group project allowed me doing the research step by step, learning its separate parts, and then analyzing the project as a whole. In comparison with other activities group project proved to be harder to do, but in some cases it was even more helpful. Now I can confidently claim that the process of learning would have been incomplete without the group project. One more advantage of the group project is that it involved interaction with the other group members. Such activity developed my communicative skills, teached me how to express myself clearly and understand others better. Furthermore, work in team developed the sense of responsibility in every of the members, as the task of each individual was not only doing his or her own task, but also contributing to the group work. Failing to do the task on time meant not only personal failure, but also letting down of the whole team. I feel that the experience of doing a group project changed my attitude to doing tasks in general, and to the process of learning. Working on team project was a new kind of activity for me. However, despite the fact that it proved to be very interesting and useful, it is hard for me to decide whether it is the best of the course activities. I guess that team project is a good kind of work, but it cannot be used alone. Indeed, the textbooks are irreplaceable; they were also helpful in the proje
A male Caucasian client walks in for consultation and sights unbearable pain within the chest cavity, which he initially experienced around the center of the sternum while conducting manual labor about eight weeks ago. Upon further inquest, he reports the pain as being severe in the body’s mobile state, exerting an overwhelming weight and high constrictions along the alimentary canal, with some relief upon minutes of rest. Other possible measures of pain reduction proved futile in pain management. The patient leads a sedentary lifestyle characterized by chronic tobacco smoking, lack of physical activity, and a high sodium diet. The client reports infrequencies with high blood pressure management therapy medications especially that of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) administered at 25mg despite presenting with elevated cholesterol levels besides the symptomatic smoker’s cough in a family history of cardiovascular diseases. Assessment Commonly referred to as pain or unease felt anywhere within the chest cavity, it is a common health condition whose origins are always diverse and bears the potential of escalating from acute or the severe state to the chronic state, resulting from disease states such as angina and myocardial infarction (Ajitha et al., 2017). The patient’s chest pain complaint mirrored against the prevailing hypertensive state, the elevated cholesterol levels, the chronic tobacco smoking, a high sodium diet, and inadequate physical activity. Besides a prevailing family history of cardiovascular conditions, the pain could be relative to clot blockages in the blood vessels or the build-up of plaques within arterial walls of the arteries supplying blood to the heart. According to the patient’s report, the pain presents with an ache and is heavy on the front of the chest with some pressure exertions resulting from acute physical activity or stressful situations, which is classical for vessel occlusion and coronary artery disease. Primary assessment and ICD-10 code: Angina pectoris. Differential Diagnosis   * Heart Attack results from a blockage of a coronary artery or one of the arterial branches, resulting in a complete cut-off of blood supply to the heart muscle that is symptomized by severe chest pains at rest (Ajitha et al., 2017). This was rule out as the patient had some relief with rest.   * Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD ): Mostly presentable as in acid reflux and esophagitis or heartburn within the lower chest cavity and the upper abdomen (Khukhlina et al., 2020). This was ruled out as the patient’s antacids did not work in managing the pain.   * Pulmonary embolism (PE ): results from the blockage of an arterial vessel within the lungs because of a blood clot causing a sharp pain within the chest, especially while breathing in (Wang et al., 2020). The patient did not report the pain as sharp upon breathing in, even in a less strenuous physical activ
Decameron , the classic piece of medieval literature, starts with a depiction of the devastating plague — the Black Death. According to the narrator, that terrible pestilence came from the East and ravaged Europe, killing over one hundred thousand people only in Florence. Nowadays, humanity has an unfortunate opportunity to experience COVID-19 — the modern-day disease, stopping people from returning to normal life. The situations between the two plagues have certain similarities; however, they also have significant differences. Most importantly, there is one vital difference, for which modern humans should be especially thankful. Healthcare and science made a big step forward since the middle of the 14th century. Nowadays, bubonic plague, the terrible pestilence described in Decameron , can be reliably isolated and cured with an anti-plague serum. Ongoing vaccination waves will hopefully do the same to COVID-19, while the plague from Decameron only stopped after about 50% of Europe’s population died. The authorities are not helpless as well; Boccaccio drew a picture of impending doom and anarchy. In the modern world, governments managed to keep control and stop panic at the cost of massive logistic and economic expenses. The similarity with the COVID-19 situation lies within the public attitude towards the pandemic. It seems that modern humans have very much in common with their medieval ancestors. Just like in the 14th century, there are groups of citizens which act reasonably and seclude themselves to avoid infection, and there are those who seemingly do not care. Luckily, COVID-19 mortality rates are nothing in comparison with the Black Death. Otherwise, modern-day analogs of peo
Competition has gone global and the market and industry dynamics have necessitated the need for companies to make concerted efforts streamlined towards ensuring that their marketing strategies are not only effective but also competitive prices. This has resulted in the adoption of various marketing strategies such as viral marketing. Viral marketing, just like other marketing concepts, is aimed at achieving customer loyalty and a competitive edge. Just as its name suggests, viral marketing is based on the multiplicity effect. According to Haag, Cummings, and McCubbrey (2008), “Viral marketing describes any strategy that encourages individuals to pass on a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth in the message’s exposure and influence”. One company that has extensively made use viral this strategy is Google Inc. through the provision of free email services, free chat services, and a load of other factors. I believe my institution can reap loads of benefits if it adopted viral marketing. This is based on the analysis that whereas there is increased traffic of students and nonstudents accessing the site, there is a lack of advertisement. My school would go about adopting this strategy if it embraced effective strategies of viral marketing. First, it would benefit my giving away valuable products or services. This can be in the form of registration fee waivers for the first group of prospective students to register online. The spiraling effect of such a service give-away will attract several students and will be spread by those who have the information. The principles of viral marketing hinge on the ability to exploit common motivators and behaviors among a group of people. My school is composed of students who are madly in love with sports. To attract their attention to the site, the site administrator can simply have a link to a popular sports site on the school site. This would take care of the student’s and visitors’ communication networks and as such attract a considerable number of aspiring students to join the huge number of career opportunities offered by
Introduction Understanding the peculiarities of the children’s perception and interpretation of facts, collecting information and acquiring knowledge is important for guiding them in their cognitive development. In 1920s the Swiss biologist Jean Piaget was the first theoretician who pointed at the differences between amount and structure of knowledge in children and adults. The purpose of this project is to examine Piaget’s concepts by applying them in practice, collecting and interpreting data from an empirical research. Focusing on the peculiarities of the child’s knowledge and the processes of acquiring it, Piaget observed everyday actions of children and infants and offered them various problem-solving situations for examining the reasoning patterns they were using. Deriving numerous concepts and principles from his findings, the researcher concluded that children are active learners who constantly conduct experiments and manipulate the objects from the surrounding word for observing the results of their experiments. Children not only absorb knowledge, but also try to organize it for explaining new phenomena with available knowledge in future. “Children think in qualitatively different ways at different age levels” (McDevitt and Ormrod, 2010, p. 143). Linking cognitive development with children’s biological development, Piaget used the idea of a staircase for his theory of cognitive development, claiming that each step in physiological development represents the improved cognitive ability. Piaget’s model of cognitive development includes four main periods, including a sensorimotor (0-2 years), pre-operational (2-7 years), concrete operational (7-12 years) and formal operational (older than 12 years) stages (Oakley, 2004, p. 16). The empirical research would be valuable for evaluating Piaget’s main concepts and exploring the ways for implementing them in professional practice. Method A five-year-old Jessica and a thirteen-year-old Miranda gave their consent for participating in the study by signing the consent forms. A large discrepancy in the participants’ age enhances the effectiveness of the experiment, clearly representing the differences in their reasoning modes and corresponding differences in their cognitive development. Jessica and Miranda were offered to sort sixteen pictures of animals, including a tiger, a frog, a spider, a parrot, a whale, a snake, an octopus, a goldfish, a crocodile, a newt, a butterfly, a ladybird, a scorpion, a snail, an owl, and a shark, into different subgroups, explain what their reasoning for sorting the pictures in this or that way was and sort them again, using other principles. Both girls had enough time for thinking their decisions over and doing the assignment. The experiments were