ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Understanding Title IX Title IX can be defined as an “anti discrimination” law that prevents individuals from being discriminated against on the basis of their gender when it comes to any federally funded program which can encompass education or sports related activities (Wies 277). In essence, it is a means by which the government imposes limits on gender bias based on the growing gender equality movement that advocates for equal rights and opportunities for men and women. Agreeing with Title IX or Not? From a gender equality perspective, Title IX is an excellent piece of legislation that helps to “level the playing field” so to speak when it comes to educational and sports related activities within various school campuses. By allowing equal opportunities to be implemented, this allows people from different genders access to activities that they otherwise would not have been able to participate in on the basis of their sex (Stader and Surface 119). As such, this paper wholeheartedly agrees with the law’s implementation in various federally funded programs since it helps to influence the removal of discriminatory practices and perceived gender roles within present day society. Benefits of Title IX Some of the benefits of Title IX came in the form of reducing instances of sexual harassment, enabling women to have access to athletic scholarships, creating greater access to academic opportunities and changing long held gender stereotypes (Rose 163). The end result of such practices was that societal notions regarding roles that were “appropriate” for women slowly changed to the point that career paths and opportunities between men and women became “gender blind” (Brodsky and Deutsch 135). Negative Effects of Title IX One of the problems with Title IX was that it had unintended consequences which caused some harmful effects in its pursuit for equality. For instance, since the law demanded equal opportunity for women, this resulted in a redistribution of resources to the extent that some male athletic and education programs had to be removed due to budgetary limitations (Britt and Timmerman 84). Not only that, there were also instances where the athletic programs in some schools were entirely scrapped due to the inability of the institution to pay for activities for both genders. Division One Athletes and Stipends Technically, providing athletes with stipends may seem like a good idea since enabling them to worry less on monetary concerns and focus more on their school work and athletic abilities. However, one of the problems behind its implementation is that it may cause schools to create lucrative stipends to attrac
During the 1970s, the southern parts of California witnessed massive wildfires which led to the destruction of vast acres of land, loss of lives of people as well as millions of dollars. These disasters were mainly attributed to poor coordination and communication among the various agencies which were charged with the responsibility of responding to wildfires (FIRESCOPE, 2003). The disasters triggered a reaction by the 92 nd US congress which approved funding for the southern Californian fire response agencies to establish a system which enabled for their effective, harmonious and timely coordination in response to wildfires. The body was known as the Firefighting Resources Organized for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE) and was established in 1971under the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (FIRESCOPE, 2003). The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection was later joined by the Ventura, Santa Barbara and Los Angeles fire departments as well as the governor’s office and the U.S forest service in the strengthening and enhancement of the FIRESCOPE, where they established a task force composed of technocrats, who were tasked with the research and development of the FIRESCOPE system (FIRESCOPE, 2003). The task force came up with two sub-components which were to comprise the FIRESCOPE and they included the Multi Agency Coordination System (MACS) and the Incident Command System (ICS). This was in 1973. The first attempt to nationalize firefighting was made in 1974 when the U.S government chartered the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) to oversee the coordination of various State and Federal agencies and their fire management programs. Many of these agencies used the model of Large Fire Organizations for wild land fire management (FIRESCOPE, 2003). In 1976, FIRESCOPE was renamed Incident Command System (ICS) following a consensus by all the participating agencies in the same. They also agreed to use the structure of ICS as developed by the task force in 1973. As from 1978, the ICS was not only used in response to wild land fires but also in response to urban fires and to this regard, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) and the State Board of Fire Services formerly adopted the system as a State strategy for responding to fires of any nature (FIRESCOPE, 2003). In 1980, the NWCG conducted an evaluation to weigh the applicability of the ICS in the entire U.S nation following its wide use in California not only for fire response but also for the response to other types of incidents. The findings of the NWCG were positive and it recommended the nationwide adoption of the ICS but under the name of National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS).The NIIMS was not concerned with response to fire incidents only but included the response to other incidents like earthquake, plane crashes and fatal
A computer has become an important part of our life. Most of the work in today’s world is done by computer and information technology. Information technology plays an important role in different fields. Some different fields are completely influenced by information technology. The word “homunculus” is derived from the Latin word homunculus, which means ”little man.” Homunculus is usually used for defining or description of a system. In a scientific system, it is generally viewed as an entity or an agent of a complete system. This term was first used by Alchemist Paracelsus. He claimed in the early decade that he had created a false human being named “Homunculus.” His creature was 12 inches tall, and it does all work associated with a golem. After a short time, homunculus turned on his creator and ran away. Alchemists made homunculus with a combination of different elements such as skin fragments, sperm, and hair of any animal. Homunculus can be created by combining hairs, skin fragments, bones, sperm, and skin elements from any animal of which a person wants to make a hybrid. For the formation of an embryo, this structure was to be laid down on the ground for about forty days. The ground was surrounded by horse manure for forty days to form an embryo (Frege, 1892). Mandrake method is also used and described by other alchemists for the formation of a homunculus. Various methods are now used for the homunculus, and some alchemist refers Mandrake use. The most popular method for the creation of a homunculus is usually cited by other alchemists emphasizes the use of the mandrake. A famous belief about homunculus was held that a plant usually grew where the semen often produced by hanged men within last conclusive ends prior to death fell to the ground. Roots usually resemble a human shape to varying degrees. A black dog usually picked a root in the early morning, then washing of root was done. After that, it used to be “fed” with milk and honey in the same perception as blood, fully develops into a miniature human that usually guards and protects its owner or creator(Homunculus, 1994). Another method was used by Dr. David Christianus at the University of Giessen in the 18th century. He took an egg of a black hen. In his method, he emphasized a lot on egg laid by a black hen. The egg was poked in a tiny hole with the aid of a shell, and a bean-sized portion was replaced with white human sperm. And the opening was sealed with virgin parchment, and the egg was buried on the first day of the March lunar cycle. There was an expectation that a miniature humanoid would emerge from the egg within thirty to thirty-five days, which would surely help and protect the creator from a steady diet of different seeds, including lavender seeds and earthworms. Today, the term “homunculus” is used in different domains to describe a system that thought little man was working inside. There are several homunculus theories about brain modules and sensory events. Both theories are effective in the way of respo
Brand name and generic equivalents Erythromycin (Eryc) is a drug belonging to a class of antibiotics called macrolide antibiotics. It is got from saccharopolyspora erythraea (Herrell 14). It is a chemical base that forms salts when mixed with acids. There are various brand names for erythromycin with some including E-Mycin, E.E.S. Granules etc. Generic derivatives of this drug include Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin, Cethromycin, Telithromycin etc (Webb & Smith 22). Source, class and common usage Erythromycin is capable of stopping bacterial growth by hindering bacterial protein synthesis. It is commonly used as tablets, capsules, oral suspensions, injections, topical ointments and gels. Clinical Pharmacokinetics Erythromycin usually “diffuses directly into tissues and phagocytes” (Herrell 17). Due to high concentration of the drug in phagocyte cells, it is mediated through active transport to infected cells. Eventually, the drug is eliminated through active phagocytosis (Chorghade 16). According to Herrell, (2009) Medical Encyclopedia, “Erythromycin is metabolized in the liver through demethylation and eliminated through the bile fluid”. Indications and Usage It is used to treat various bacterial infections of the skin and respiratory tract. For topical use, the affected area is first washed thoroughly, rinsed with warm water, patted dry and drug applied once or twice a day while for oral or injection use the drug is taken as per the doctor’s prescription (Herrell 25). Erythromycins are also used in the treatment off listeriosis, whooping cough, syphilis, diphtheria, erythrasma, chlamydia, acute pelvic inflammatory disease and pneumonia. It may also be used in the prevention of both initial and recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever. Contraindications Erythromycin has been contraindicated in p
Summary It is evident that simulation facilitates modeling of the production processes, which allows quantitative analysis of the system performances. In this paper, the Simul8 simulation model presented examines the possible benefits of adjusting the current processes at Parsley Pallets (LLC.). The Simul8 model facilitates decision-making by allowing prior assessment of the production processes. In particular, three solutions presented: (1) SMED implementation; (2) Kanban cards; and (3) line balancing. It is clear that simulations using Simul8 give a clear picture of the situation in a company’s production processes. Graphical representations give an understanding of the existing business processes, which facilitates optimization to improve efficiency and output. Using Parsley Pallets (LLC.) as the case study, the research demonstrates that Simul8 modeling is a cheap and convenient method for investigating different scenarios in its three stations, optimizing production and finding solutions to its production problems. Introduction In the current global economy, proper supply chain management is central to organizational success. Supply chain forms a vital component of flow of materials in any organization. A majority of organizations has developed policies aimed at promoting supply chain management. These policies work differently in different industries. According to Chang and Makatsoris (2001), the term ‘supply chain management’ was coined in the early 90s and it entails the process where manufacturers, suppliers, warehouses, and retailers are integrated with the aim of enhancing efficiency and reducing operational costs. When trying to put up systems to be utilized in organizations, some challenges may be encountered, which may affect the operation of the final product, hence the need for a simulation. The conventional definition of simulation is that simulation is a model of the actual system, which can be experimented with the aim of predicting the efficiency of the real system (Banks 1998). Supply chain
In the given case, Christopher Watts, a 33-year-old man residing in Frederick, the state of Colorado, was a defendant. Before the incident, he worked for an oil and natural gas company until August. The victims include Shanann Watts, Christopher’s 34-year-old wife, and his two daughters, namely, 4-year-old Bella and 3-year-old Celeste (Dickson, 2019). Herewith, it is also worth noting that Shanann Watts was carrying a child for 15 weeks at the time of her death. Other prominent figures in the case were Michael Rourke, Weld County District Attorney, Sandra Rzucek, Shanann Watts’ mother, and the Colorado Bureau of Investigations. In particular, Sandra Rzucek supported the decision not to sentence Chris Watts to the death penalty. Background The reason for the murder was the partial motive of Christopher Watts. In particular, the defendant had an affair with Nichol Kessinger, a 30-year-old co-worker, and wanted to leave his family. According to Steven Lambert, the attorney for Shannan Watts’ family, during the conversation, Shanann Watts told Chris Watts that he would never see his children if divorced, provoking the latter to strangle his wife (Dickson, 2019). As a result, Christopher Watts was charged with murder, falsifying the body of a dead person, and wrongful pregnancy termination (Madani and Ford, 2018). Watts pleaded guilty to all the sentences that were passed without the chance of parole. Pretrial Initially, Christopher Watts rejected his involvement in the deaths of his wife and daughters. In the interview conducted outside the family’s home before the trial, he even announced, “I just want them home so bad” (Madani and Ford, 2018). However, after discovering Shanann Watts’ body on the property of the oil company and when the Investigations asserted the victims’ murder inside their home, the defendant changed his position. Firstly, Watts claimed to the police that he killed his wife after she slew their daughters, but then, he confessed to suffocating his two daughters and wife to death. Presumably, Chris Watts decided that the confession in the murder was a much better variant since it allowed him to evade the death penalty that waited for him in the case of guilt confirmation. According to Rourke, Sandra Rzucek helped Chris Watts make this decision. In this regard, she clearly stated, “He chose to take those lives. I do not want to be in a position of choosing to take his” (Madani and Ford, 2018). As a result, Christopher Watts was charged with nine counts: five life sentences of murder, three counts of falsifying the body of a deceased person, and one – wrongful pregnancy termination Personal Opinion The given question is delicate indeed and requires thorough investigation and consideration of all circumstances. I think that there are particular situations in which defendants should obtain the death penalty irrespective of their readiness to plea guilty. For example, in the history of our nation, society knew various serial and vile killers
In these days America remains one of the most democratic countries in the world. But still there are many problems our society cannot cope with. So there are some problems that I think should be primarily addressed by the 44th President of the United States. One of the most topical of them is flaws of American criminal justice system. Nowadays most prisons are overcrowded. According to the latest research, one out of 37 Americans was imprisoned at least once. 7 out of 1000 American citizens are imprisoned now. In Western Europe for example only one out of a thousand is in jail. As opposed to other western democracies about three thousand people are waiting for execution of capital sentence (Schwartz). In America there exist favorable conditions for mass media. But still there is some evidence that American journalists face numerous difficulties too. One of the most important problems in this sphere is the growing tendency of authorities to influence the work of mass media (Katz). But the problem of racial inequality still remains Achilles’ heel of American democracy. Inequality of property is one more issue to address. The number of poor black-skinned American citizens is approximately twice bigger than that of whites. For children from poor Afro-American families it is very difficult to get a proper education. It means that their chances to become rich one day are rather low, and their children in their turn will also be unable to get higher education. In big cities still there are areas where only Afro-Americans live, and these areas are avoided by white Americans. The strong evidence is presented by mass media to support the idea of unequal treatment of Afro-Americans and Hispanics. “A black man has a 1 in 3 chance of being in prison in his lifetime compared with a 1 in 17 chance for a white man.” The gap between white and black Americans gradually becomes less, but still there is much work to do. “The justified celebration of pluralism can obscure the substantial and enduring gap between whites and blacks in the United States” (Schwartz). I think that the problem of racial inequality has to be addressed first of all; and this problem is the most difficult one to solve. Some new approaches to the problem must be invented. I think the problem should be addressed in school firstly. Some developing programs for children should be worked out. In higher educational establishments Afro-American students should have more benefits. It is important to improve nondiscriminatory laws. I think there is not enough information about oppression which Afro-Americans still face in mass media. I think Barak Obama can solve these problems, and he will be the victorious candidate. African Americans have never had a worldly renowned transformational leader (American Election News). He is an extremely charismatic and intelligent person with pure reputation. Obama is a brilliant speaker and a strong leader. I think Barak Obama can solve this problem also because his father was born in Kenya, and he must know from his own experience what racial inequality is
Acute respiratory distress syndrome The authors review and summarize eight articles on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) to compare their clinical relevance. The variability and incidence of ARDS were perceived to differ across clinical settings across the world. These variances are mainly attributed to factors such as alterations in diagnosis, risk factors, the bias in clinical trials, and the inability to properly recognize the condition. The authors’ analysis further showed that efforts to prevent the condition were futile, with medicines such as aspirins and statins failing to assist in randomized trials. On issues of treatment, glucocorticoids were identified as a viable model in the management of ARDS. Therefore, Confalonieri, Salton, and Fabiano (2017) note the inadequacies involving the clinical practice of the condition. The authors are affiliated with the pulmonary department of the University Hospital of Cattinara, hence, are knowledgeable about issues affecting the respiratory system. They present a variety of information from several sources, comparing the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of ARDS. This article provides the basis for arguments that call for increased efforts to enable better diagnosis and recognition of the condition in patients. The role of red blood cells and cell-free hemoglobin in the pathogenesis of ARDS Janz and Ware (2015) analyze the pathophysiology of ARDS with the underlying complications such as lung inflammation and pulmonary edema that increase morbidity and mortality in patients. Red blood cell (RBC) membranes become damaged due to sepsis in patients leading to lower transmission of oxygen to organs which causes their failure. Additionally, a study found that cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) played a critical role in ARDS in human beings. It showed that patients had higher levels of CFH, which led to instances of higher pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance (Janz & Ware, 2015). The use of haptoglobin as a treatment regimen improved renal function in patients with ARDS, while acetaminophen can reduce oxidative injury. Cell-free hemoglobin in RBC, thus, shows signs of being a pathologic mediator of ARDS in human beings. Both authors work in departments of medicine and have the requisite expertise in matters concerning ARDS. Consequently, this article widens the perspective on the causes and effects of the condition to enable the development of appropriate therapies to directly target the affected reg
The Grocery Manufacturers of America (GMA) is concerned that cases of obesity have been on the rise and this emanates from diverse complex factors that collectively influence the physical activity and nutrition choices of an individual. Moreover, GMA is concerned about the measures being taken to counter the rising obesity cases. For instance, GMA believes that burdensome restrictions like imposing taxes or banning particular foodstuffs will “do nothing to motivate students, parents or communities to take the needed steps…” (Katic, 2004). Additionally, GMA feels that the intensity of physical activity is dwindling as Katic (2004) laments, “an alarming number of students have little or no regular, daily physical activity.” These observations are critical and as GMA concedes, causes of obesity are diverse and there is no all-inclusive answer to this problem. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2009), causes of obesity include energy imbalance, little or no physical inactivity, genetic factors, and diseases like Cushing’s disease coupled with drugs like steroids. Nevertheless, CDC isolates poor eating habits (behavior) and little or no physical exercise (environment) as the chief causes of obesity. The GMA is taking responsibility as a contributor to the obesity epidemic by conceding that it has a part to play. First, GMA agrees that its current products are not perfect in fighting obesity thus validating the current intense product development. Second, it has failed to convince consumers that calories matter in any diet. Nevertheless, GMA feels that restricting access to unhealthy food is not an answer towards combating obesity for ‘restrictions do not educate” (Katic, 2004). However, after reading this release, I strongly feel that the industry is to blame for the increasing rates of obesity. Consumers take what manufacturers present and given the fact that these products do not come with sufficient information concerning calories value, the industry is to blame. Industries should protect their consumers by creating awareness on what is required for healthy living not just bombarding consumers with an advertisement after another with the sole aim of making profits. Health should precede profits. It is not a crime to offer varieties and let consumers make their choices. Nevertheless, these choices should be informed choices to avoid unhealthy eating habits. Restricting manufacturers from offering a variety of products would be tantamount