Introduction The major proponents of the theory of natural selection are Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, who were scholars coming from different regions. Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) is said to have been a British scholar known for solely suggesting the evolutionary theory as a result of natural selection. This move motivated Darwin to make his theory known to the public. At the collegiate School located in Leicester Wallace employed to impart knowledge on mapmaking drawing and surveying. Here, could access the library and spend enough time reading. At some point he came across Thomas Malthus essay on the principle of population. Also it is here that he met Henry Bates an entomologist who introduced him to the liking of collecting insects and this interested him much. This went on even when they moved to Brazil. Only this time some of their specimen was sold while the rest was left for investigation purposes. On the other hand, Charles Darwin (1809-1882) a British has made quite some remarkable contribution on the subject. However we can not say he conceived the idea, it was there before he was born. Darwin was sent to Cambridge University after dropping out of his medical studies in Edinburgh, Scotland. Here he enrolled himself to theology and his life took a turn towards his career. He met and developed interest in the ideas of Adam Sedgwick and John Henslow who were geologist and naturalist respectively. He dedicated time to work with them and even began adopting some of their concepts like lack of faith with the theory of biological evolution. These and other events triggered the scholars towards formulation of the model of how and why evolution occurs. Evolution is said to occur through the process of natural selection. This process of natural selection is a process through which organisms possessing certain traits in their gene structure have advantage over other organisms located in the same habitat in their chances of survival as a result of stiff competition for scarce resources. Only those organisms that are best adapted for a particular habitat survive when the prevalent conditions are not favorable. Natural selection takes effect when species possessing different traits regroup into smaller pools of those with similar traits and they separately reproduce causing further drift. Different pools will exhibit differences in reproduction patterns depending on certain factors, e.g. those that are preyed on much are likely to be fewer in numbers as they reproduce at a slower rate. The pools with larger populations are bound to increase more since they reproduce and give rise to species with similar genetic traits. The end result is that the populations that possess gene traits that are advantageous continue to dominate in numbers and eventually as the process selectively favors the population with better traits the other population becomes extinct (Ridley, 2003). However, this theory of evolution by Darwin and Wallace have been borrowed and revised by other scholars to explain some of the basic concepts in modern population genetics. For instance, we can talk of Hardy Weinberg and his equilibrium, microevolution and genetic drift concepts. His argument states that the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies remain unchanged or ar