ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, the business field is highly controversial, and the professionals have to face an extended variety of ethical issues. For instance, the actions of managers are often associated with misconduct, and complying with morals becomes an important concern (Jamnik 141). Subsequently, dealing with these challenges assists in overcoming ethical dilemma. Nonetheless, managers are not the only segment, which has to face controversies of the business environment and ethics. For example, the most common issue is marketing misinformation (Painter-Morland and Bos 221). The typical situation is the fact that the salesperson has to decide whether to lie to a client or explain the real drawbacks of the product and lose the sale. In the context of this paper, a salesperson, John, decided that he could maximize company’s revenue and exaggerated the main features of the product. The product was purchased, but it was unclear whether the consequences of John’s actions were either positive or negative. Consequently, the primary goal of this paper is to analyze the case study presented above with the assistance of the eight steps of the ethical decision-making process. Gathering the Facts One of the first aspects to consider when assessing the consistency of the decision-making is collecting the information about the issue. As it was mentioned earlier, John was presenting and selling goods to the customers in the pharmaceutical sector. He cherished the company’s goals and values and wanted to contribute to its financial prosperity. To support his positive intentions, he often lied to the clients, did not tell about the products’ significant drawbacks, and exaggerated their positive features. The factors reflected above offer only basic information about the situation. Consequently, some of the aspects were generalized to acquire an overall image. The primary assumption is the fact that, in the end, the customers were not satisfied with the product and its features. The company received numerous complaints about misinformation and false advertising. Nevertheless, it could be assumed that the actions of the salesperson had a positive influence on the overall financial stability and increased the percentage of sales. Despite the abstract nature of the case, these assumptions will help define the st
Introduction The adoption of new, more advanced concepts in crisis management is critical. An example of such advanced thinking is “gender sensitivity,” which is a term that can be roughly defined as the acknowledging and understanding of gender-related concerns that typically result in inequality, exclusion, and discrimination (Budhathoki, Bhattachan, Pokharel, Bhadra, & Teijlingen, 2016). The present essay will consider the outcomes of incorporating gender sensitivity into disaster and humanitarian crises management based on the reasons for using it. Furthermore, the paper will employ this information to demonstrate the ways in which professionals can show an improved awareness of gender sensitivity and its role in disaster and crises management. In general, due to the multiple positive outcomes of using gender-sensitive approaches in disasters and humanitarian crises, professionals need to use and promote the use of gender sensitivity. Gender Sensitivity in Disaster or Humanitarian Crises Gender sensitivity is incorporated into disaster management frameworks, for example, the Sendai Framework (United Nations, 2015), as well as professional codes of conduct, for example, that of the Australian Council for International Development (2017). The reasons for this decision are numerous, and they are connected to the outcomes of incorporating gender sensitivity in the management of disaster or humanitarian crises. Some of the reasons are related to the fact that disasters and crises tend to affect people differently, and the specific needs of various populations can make them more vulnerable. For example, women (especially young girls) face increased risks of abuse and violence in a variety of humanitarian contexts (Noble, Ward, French, & Falb, 2017). Similarly, women and transgender populations are more likely to be subjected to issues like poverty and the lack of resources, education, and freedom, which also makes them more susceptible to the negative outcomes of crises and disasters (Alston, 2014; Mustafa et al., 2015; Wong, 2016). In fact, there is some evidence indicating that women have higher risks of dying as a result of a catastrophic climate event (Alston, 2014, p. 289). Thus, it is apparent that disaster management needs to be gender-sensitive to support more vulnerable populations. Moreover, the biological needs of genders vary; for example, females of reproductive age require the materials meant for menstrual hygiene, which may be difficult to obtain in disaster or crises environments (Budhathoki et al., 2016). Budhathoki et al. (2016) point out that gender sensitivity is crucial for the management of such needs in a culturally ap
Introduction It is apparent that the book entitled Understanding & Managing Cybercrime by Samual McQuade, takes a multidisciplinary approach in an attempt to address the concept of cybercrime and how the vice has rapidly grown over the past few decades. In this case, the author uses the alleged computer hacker who was identified as Gary McKinnon from the United Kingdom in the case study to address the complex types of criminal activities that do take place in cyber (McQuade, 2007). This book has provided a coherent study of what cybercrime entails and thoroughly explains measures that can be put in place to reduce emerging cases of computer hacking. In this book, it is evident that Gary McKinnon has publicly pleaded guilty of interfering with computer systems belonging to NASA and the Department of Defense (McQuade, 2006). It is against this backdrop that this paper intends to analyze the wide spread intrusions of protected and confidential information that belong to either private individuals or public entities. The paper also comments on the case as presented in the text book. Notably, this paper will equally incorporate additional research to describe the theories of cyber crimes in the context of the framework in which the case has been presented. Moreover, the paper will examine whether the effort to extradite Gary to the United States was a political stunt and whether it is a vital precedent to use while prosecuting international cyber criminals. The impacts of these widespread intrusions According to McQuade (2006), the case of Gary has been faced by numerous intrusions since it is believed that he committed the offense under abnormal circumstances. Studies have shown that Gary admitted to be guilty of hacking computer systems even though he did not know the end results of his action. In other words, he performed the act with little knowledge of the end results. Evidence has shown that due to these commotions, the case has been suspended for decades and also because the victim suffers from Aspergers syndrome. As the author discusses the concept of understanding human behavior in regards to high tech crimes, numerous scholars debates whether Gary should be prosecuted yet he does not have the understanding of his action as well as the concept of justice. It is imperative to note that Gary was under influence of Drugs when he was committing this criminal offence. As a result, this made him to unknowingly compromise even the high-tech computer systems (McQuade, 2007). It is imperative to note that one of the outstanding effects is that the case has raised concern among many computer users all over the world. In this case, investigation has been done and it has been proven that computer administrators should be protected. This made people to realize that even with minute basic knowledge; it is quite easy for anyone to intrude into private computer networks that have default security codes (Wang, 2007). As it is evident from this case, the events that have been captured in the case act as mind openers for computer software development experts to come up with measures that can be used to protect and safeguard illegal ha
Introduction This world is made up of many people who belong to different tribes. These tribes have different cultures that they practice. These cultures produce different myths. Myths are either or not shaped by historical contexts. It is important first and foremost to understand the meaning of the words myth, culture and historical context. Most scholars define them but Geoffrey (12), defines myth as a story that tells about a belief of a group of people. He further explains that myths mostly tell about gods and heroes. He discusses and concludes that myths are made up when people try
Introduction Despite the uncertainty and downright turmoil that impacts many industries in North America, the principal Euro Market economies, Japan, India, China and Singapore today, organizers report a stable core of events. Since market realities dictate increased competition for a temporarily-shrunken pool of event dollars, planners must work harder than ever to get business and raise their profile above those of rival alternatives and destinations. As we shall see in the following pages, the industry is more responsive than ever in paying heed to social realities, creating differentiation, and leveraging technology for what has become an increasingly savvy and exacting audience of decision-makers and attendees. Discussion Technology advances Much has been said about how the great advances in wireless networks, the Internet, mobile communications and video conferencing have shrunk the globe and made virtual “face-to-face” interaction possible even on a daily basis (see for example, Ball, 2007). This is all true and made even more pronounced by utilities as diverse as Google “Groups” and “Document Reviews”, Lotus Notes, Microsoft “HyperOffice” and “SharePoint”, WebMeeting, and Yahoo “Zimbra” for educational use. Doubtless, these have reduced the need for corporate travel notably when historic highs in jet fuel prices are reached, as happened in the Spring and Summer of 2008. And the best of “Web 2.0” technologies is yet to come, if O’Reilly (2005) and others are to be believed. In fact, a study jointly undertaken by Meeting Professionals International (MPI) and American Express that surveyed over 1,000 meeting and event planners worldwide affirmed the expectation that virtual meetings will become even more popular but cannot possibly displace face-to-face meetings entirely (Meeting Professionals International, 2008). Bruce Macmillan, President and CEO of MPI, observed that “(while) meeting and event professionals are embracing technology, its greater role is in enhancing events, not replacing them” (Meeting Professionals International, 2008, 1997). The study concluded that the more likely effect over the medium term is that technological advances could help planners create more impactful and stimulating events. As the generational shift from post-war “Baby Boomers” to “Generation Y” gathers momentum, chances are that more and more Web 2.0 technologies will creep into the ways associations and families interact and, by extension, enrich the events that bring them together. Reiterating his hoary maxim that “there is no such thing as (having a) virtual beer (together),” Ball (2007, 39) plays down the claim that webcasts and virtual meetings could possibly displace live and in-person events. Rather, he convincingly argues, associations and events will become more dynamic for leveraging trends and technologies that emerged very recently, just since 2002 or 2003. Reminiscent of dating sites, Facebook and other vibrant social networking sites, there now exist nearly two dozen
Introduction to the Readings There are many ways of how technologies can be used to improve the quality of a human life. People believe that the concept of technology should be associated with something new. However, the idea of the technological worth is as old as a human society because technology refers to a kind of craft and the discussions that take place around arts (Woods & Woods, 2011). This paper aims at discussing the role of innovative and emerging technologies in modern society and the ways of how social media can be used in business, communication, and other activities. There are three main readings that can help to comprehend the development of the technological aspect and discuss social media as the means to find and exchange information. The work by Nambisan and Nambisan (2008) introduces social media as a chance to involve customers in product design, development, and support. McAfee (2006) discusses the worth of Enterprise 2.0 as a good chance to promote collaboration among employees. The project developed by Bernoff and Li (2008) describes the sources with the help of which people can stay connected with each other, share information, promote communication, and use technologies to improve their business affairs. Social Media Technologies and Its Worth for Business The project by Nambisan and Nambisan (2008) examines the concept of a virtual customer environment (VCE) and the number of benefits of the possibility to engage ordinary people, who perform the roles of customers, in such activities as product development, design, support, marketing, etc. The VCE initiatives that can be interpreted as various social media technologies help companies learn better their customers and analyze their needs and expectations. There are many methods that can be used to gather information, share experience, and introduce new ideas. Regarding the current technological progress and the opportunities available to people via the Internet, it is not appropriate to consider online technologies as the only ways of exchanging information. Such organizations as Nokia, Nike, and Microsoft want to develop close relations with their customers using different technologies and gathering as much information as possible. The access to information helps customers perform new roles in the organizations and become the partners, who are ready to provide many other customers with product support services (Nambisan & Nambisan, 2008). Customers may share several types of experiences using technologies. For example, they can be pragmatic and use the opportunities to learn better the properties of products and services. Technologies and the possibilities available to customers also help to develop hedonic experience when customers enjoy and get pleasure from everything they are involved in. Rating systems, knowledge centers, forums, and customer recognition programs are the best examples of how social media and the technological progress may be combined. Benefits and Challenges of Platforms and Channels for Users People like to share information and use the Internet to find or deliver something. They promote tweeting and using Faceboo
Abstract In the protection of computer networks from attackers organizations often use firewalls. Though firewall software is often effective in controlling threats on a computer network lapses in its use can allow potentially harmful programs or individual’s access the system. For this reason it is important to perform periodical assessment to ensure the organizational information system is not breached. In this paper such an assessment will be performed using software and a policy. Introduction In the provision of security on a computer network or stand alone system there are no absolute guarantees (Windowsecurity.com 2002, p. 1 of 13).The issue of cyber security is an especially crucial organizational agenda as it involves protection of company data from attackers and unauthorized access (Suma 2010, p. 3213). Essentially a firewall is a software shield that is installed on a computer to provide protection of files and the system from external threats (Lucas, Singh & Cantrell 2006, p. 74). Taking a real world example a firewall resembles the steel reinforced passenger compartment in a vehicle that acts as a shield to the occupants in the event of an accident. The firewall acts as a chokepoint between the internal system and the external network (Wright, Freedman & Liu 2008, p. 276). Physical access control is among the aspects that often go unnoticed during the design phase of networks and in some instances is the source of breaches on the network. There are a greater number of threats and entry points in a network than there were in the past. For example in a medium to large sized networks several entry points can exist due to a variety of factors such as presence of various Internet Service Providers (ISP’s), etc (Lucas, Singh & Cantrell 2006, p. 74). In general given that a firewall is aimed at providing security to the system and user data it is important that the software is capable of preventing attacks. This report therefore seeks to identify a set on optimal tests that can be used to ascertain the effectiveness of a computer firewall. Background of the Problem As stated in the introduction the objective of this project is to develop an effective approach to assessing the security of a firewall. As mentioned earlier one major source of potential vulnerability is the existing infrastructure upon which the network is constructed. The infrastructure can be accessed using either an audit or an assessment. The assessment is performed to identify potential issues whereas the audit which is done later to gauge performance in accordance with policies and procedures (Lucas, Singh & Cantrell 2006, p. 308). To provide adequate security to the system it is essential to have a proper understanding of the components of the network system (Weinschenk 200
Abstract The feature story to be written in the context of the final project will resemble the articles that can be found in such magazines on poetry as The New England Review . The topic that will be discussed in the feature story is the mission of a modern female poet in the United States. The reason for addressing this topic is the necessity to understand how the range of themes discussed by female poets could change over time with reference to the experience of famous writers, modern poets, and the personal experience of the author of this paper. What Is Already Known About the Topic For many modern female poets, Emily Dickinson became a role model and an influential figure, who had formed their approach to writing. The topics, which Dickinson covered in her poems, included gender, family, social norms, and death, among others. Some of these topics are still interesting to modern poets, such as Kristen Tracy, Megan Falley, Deborah Landau, and many others (Lambert, 2019). These authors also focus on gender roles and the position of a woman in society, and they are also interested in revealing women’s inner feelings. The comparison of the topics and the discussion of Dickinson’s impact on modern writers are typical for feature stories and articles. New Information Regarding the Topic Existing literature on the topic seems to lack the discussion of possible changes in the role of a female poet today. The mission of modern female authors is rather different than it was centuries ago as they can reach a wider public with the help of different media. As a result, it is important to discuss what messages are typical for female authors today and how they formulate their mission (Lewis, 2020; Syme, 2019). Furthermore, a personal experience of developing as a poet will all be added to this feature story. How the Feature Story Will Be Researched The information for the feature story will be collected with the help of electronic resources, including articles on modern poets and interviews with them, describing their position. It is important to research the information published in journal and magazine articles, as well as other online sources. This step is necessary to collect enough material on the works of modern American female poets and the impact of Emily Dickinson on their poems. The audience for the Feature Story The audience for the feature story will include individuals interested in poetry, students, and poets. Researchers studying female poetry can be excluded from this audience because the focus will be on informing and entertaining readers. As the audience will mainly include individuals who just read poems, and who are not researchers or scholars, the language of the text will not include a variety of complex notions and terms. Writing Style and Tone The writing style of the feature story will be less formal than it is typical for academic papers because it is necessary to include anecdotes and perso
Introduction Assemblies of God USA (AG) is one of the largest Pentecostal organizations that refer to a Pentecostal group of two spiritual crises. Founded in 1914 in Hot Springs, Arkansas, this new church was called to achieve a better understanding and unity among the Pentecostals, combine missionary efforts and coordinate publishing of religious literature. The supporters of the Assemblies of God view the Bible as the word of God, being a sufficient guide for the faith and actions of a person. The Bible is interpreted by them in a fundamentalist way, which means that they fully rely on it in various situations. Today, the identified denomination focuses on providing the word of God to many people all around the country, including adults, teenagers, and families. This paper aims at exploring how AG impacts teenagers with such problems as substance abuse and interacts with them via marketing strategies. Since the mentioned target population tends to be less attracted by the church and religion in general, related marketing issues can be viewed as a challenge to AG. Marketing Challenge Encountered by Assemblies of God (USA) Project Review According to the doctrinal provisions of AG, a person owes his or her salvation to the bloodshed by Christ, which is expressed in the holiness of life. The possibility of salvation is understood in the Arminian spirit that states that a person has free will). The two blessings are the conversion through water baptism by immersion and the Holy Spirit, which is allegedly expressed in receiving the gift of speaking in foreign languages. The Assemblies of God adhere to the Trinitarian doctrine – faith in the trinity of God, and their followers believe in the resurrection of Christ, adopt a dogmatic position about the fall of a human, and admit the possibility of divine healing of the sick. The supporters of the Assemblies of God are premillennialist since they believe that Jesus Christ will return to earth before the onset of his thousand-year kingdom. The field of activity of the Assembly of God is rather extensive: they are engaged in charity, produce printed publications, broadcast, organize educational institutions, including Sunday schools, and conduct missionary work in the United States and worldwide. Today’s young people can connect to Wi-Fi, access the Internet, and read Facebook, but they know little about how to apologize, enter the temple, and what loyalty and honor are. The youth lives now and today, while the role of the Church is hardly large since the modern generation tends to be disoriented unlike previous populations (Chiswick & Mirtcheva, 2013). To assist young people who have problems with self-control and addiction, Assemblies of God launched a project called Teen Challenge International. It strives to ensure that teenagers who are addicts may