ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction and Overview of the Organization The Jazan School is one of the most cherished establishments in southwest Saudi Arabia. The institution has a population of approximately 600 students whose learning needs are diverse. This institution has employed numerous teachers to facilitate the process of instruction to deliver the most precise information that students need to accomplish their educational goals. The Jazan School offers adequate support to competent professionals by equipping them with the necessary tools and materials to aid the pedagogical process. This project examines the use of various technological teaching and learning resources that aim to promote the overall educational process in the institution. Failure to offer proper guidance to students can render technological tools extraneous. Thus, these tools should be integrated into the learning process rather than replacing the role of instructors (Rice & Gregor, 2016). The promotion of e-learning is paramount to the accomplishment of educational goals since it complements the existing student-teacher ratio and learning materials (Bristol & Zerwekh, 2011). Furthermore, the use of technological aids in the instructional process improves communication skills among students due to the availability of adequate educational content. Thus, it can be deduced that e-learning is an educational framework that promotes the quality of education by integrating diverse instructional aids into the existing system of learning in a particular learning center such as the Jazan School. Moeller and Reitzes (2011) attest that over 43% of learners are inadequately prepared to use technological resources. This fact underpins the purpose of this project to investigate ways in which these multipurpose tools can be integrated well into school curriculums to improve the instruction process. Change Scenario Presently, the Jazan School h
Psychology is the study of human mind. Psychology is divided into two parts, namely research and practice. Research aims at improving knowledge on the subject by identifying the source of the problem while practice applies the knowledge that has been earned in solving real world problems. There are various methods of carrying out research in psychology. They vary depending on the subject in question. These methods include aptitude tests, interpretations and laboratory tests. Once the solution has been found, the results are applied in various disciplines say in human health, law and in extra curricular activities. Social Psychology is a division within psychology that involves studying how groups of people behave. In lay man’s language, social psychology focuses on how situations affect their social behavior. This study is carried out by psychologists; people who study human behavior. The sociologist observes individual behavior. According to Myers (2010), human behavior varies from one person to another depending on their gender, race, class, ethnicity, and socialization. Studies have found social class to be the most influential factor as to why people behave in a certain way. Social psychology is an area that uses scientific techniques to clarify how an individual’s acts, opinion, and feelings are influenced by the probable, definite, and indirect presence of other human beings. Psychology can further be divided into several branches. Other types of psychology include clinical psychology, general psychology, and sociology. Social psychology is very different from other types of psychology. This is because it entails the use of scientific methods. Social psychology focuses on situations in a given social environment and interaction and their effects in an individual’s thoughts and feelings. Sociology and social psychology sound similar. Sociology is different from social psychology because it focuses on social behavior; social conduct affects social psychology directly (Myers, 2010). Clinical psychology is the widest branch of psychology. In this discipline clinician’s research, diagnose and treat patients with mental and emotional issues. This is done in private clinics, public hospitals and institutions of higher education like polytechnics and universities. Sun (2008) defines clinical psychology as the study of individuals by either observation or experimentation with the aim of reforming the individual. When researching in social psychology the psychologist should first find the subject to be studied. The psychologist should then peruse through books to see what has been written in the past concerning the same subject and establish whether there are still mysteries surrounding the subject at hand. The psychologist should identify two principles that can be manipulated under observation. He/she should check across the board to figure out any relationship between the two p
Introduction Even though transition, apparently, seems to be the transition of student from high school education or FE background to a higher education institution, actually it is much less straightforward. Hence, offering a student with an effective transition depends on a range of contributors who jointly support a student to become conversant in, participate in and be successful within a course of study. Factors influencing transition within the psychology fields may be distinctive, but many students are applicable to a range of sciences and other fields. This analysis can serves as an introduction for helping higher education institutions and psychology students with transition to higher education. Investigations about the first year of students in higher education have become even more essential part of higher education research to support transition of students into higher education. Studies concerning first year at higher education states that there is need to conceder significantly on the similarity between what students consider as important and what scholars believe is important for students. It is vital to consider how diversity of students may benefit them in their live at the first year and how it may transform the character of transitional matters. Studies and scholars should focus on the importance of considering the experiences and identity which psychology students convey and to connect with the various backgrounds that these students hail from (Jackson, 2003). Students who are going into higher education with more complex expectations on the new academic backgrounds were even ready to manage stressful
Introduction No one can avoid being corrupted in the corrupted society Human nature basically refers to the characteristics that distinguish one person from another. Some of these characteristics include acting, thinking, and feeling. These characteristics may or may not be influenced by the environment in which the person lives. The question how environment shapes human nature? If it corrupts it has been subjected to public debate for a long time. Some of the great philosophers that delved into this topic are Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Marquis de Sade. On the one hand, we are all children of nature and we all have inborn vices and characteristics and thus, the environment cannot corrupt us more than we are corrupted from the very beginning. On the other hand, people are social beings and we are subjected to the influence of the surroundings, we are in, we learn from each other and borrow some modes of behavior that would help us survive in the world. Thus, no matter how good and innocent you are and whether you are a Christian or f Buddhist, if you are placed in the corrupted environment, you cannot avoid being corrupted yourself. Contrasting views of de Sade and Rousseau Those two great thinkers of their time provided contrasting views on the development of human self and the state of nature. Rousseau understood that the evil acts that characterize humans today, resulted from the original nature (Rousseau 52-72). The ancient man, in his state of nature, was actually at peace and naturally kind hearted. On the other hand, De Sade understood that the natural state of man was characterized by acts of evil. In other words, man is only happy when he is committing evil. Rousseau held the view that human beings are naturally good, but corrupted by the things that bedevil the society (Rousseau 52-72). Rousseau viewed social aspects and inclination to science as some of the things that corrupted the nature of man. According to him, human beings can only get back to the state they had at birth by being close to nature and nothing else. To a greater extent, de Sade depicts human beings as innately evil, and as people who take pleasure from hurting others. In addition, he argued that for humans to be happy in their state, they must be at liberty to pursue all their passions and desires, no matter how unkind they may be (De Sade 137). In short, while de Sade held the view that man’s the happiest and the natural state is committing evil acts, Rousseau held the view that man is fundamentally good, that all virtue emanate from a natural state, an innate distaste to inflict harm to other people. The society corrupts our nature Does the society really corrupt our nature, regardless of the values it is based on, whether Christian or Buddhist? The answer is yes. Christians hold, a resounding believe that the self is immaterial and spiritual. In addition, man must not fully base his senses on truth, but on faith. Pope Alexander, in the Essay on Man, says that God
Introduction The media fraternity has perfected the art of promoting products. Through this, some advertisements are premeditated to associate the goods and services with feelings of desire emanating from imaginations based on sexuality or gender. It is noteworthy that advertisers take advantage of the consumers’ gender distinctiveness to escalate the sale of certain products. It is notable that companies, which seek to acquire market leadership and competitiveness, conduct promotional activities. Therefore, the use of gender and sexuality is one of the strategies of creating adverts aimed at gaining market leadership. Gender is a socio – cultural construction in every society and advertisers have applied it in the portrayal of differences between males and females. These portrayals include among others identity, disposition, social ideals, typecasts of masculinity and womanliness, and the sexuality related roles (Spade and Catherine 281). Furthermore, advertisers apply sexuality differences between males and females to promote products. The advertisers normally attempt to show the sexuality of men or women in such products. They have also achieved greater results by showing the sexuality of celebrities in the promotional activities. In the United States, the application of sexuality and gender variances in product promotion is a multibillion-dollar industry. However, advertisers seem to have turned a deaf ear on the effects of gendered and sexualised adverts among adolescents. This paper discusses the use of sexuality and genders in commercials to show the effects of such adverts on adolescents in the US. Sexuality and Gender in Advertisements Advertisers have developed massive experience in commercials. Depending on whether their target clients’ in the marketplace are males or females, advertisers normally develop their adverts to suit them. It is notable that men and women have different preferences for colour (MacKinnon 215 ) . Therefore, advertisers can package their commercials in such a way to target their potential clients with gendered and sexuality appropriate messages using colours. Labelling people as being either male or female present strong cultural and ideological connotations, which advertisers exploit in making appropriate adverts (MacKinnon 215 ) . Marketers apply information-generated form these labels to influence the behaviour of men or women towards others. Furthermore, such information may be used to develop commercials that influence self-behaviour or needs. Therefore, the use of gender and sexuality in promotional activities influences men and women to buy advertised products. They buy such products to enhance their masculinity and femininity respectively (William, Stephen and Sut 138). Advertising agencies continuously communicate gendered messages to escalate sales of products. The advertisers portray men as more independent than women. They also portray men as providers in households by depicting the as they engage in different occupations. On the ot
Like many leaders, Marco has a team in place and does not have the luxury of building a new team to adapt to the changing business environment his firm now faces. Use the TLM to help Marco diagnose the problems faced by the firm and identify leverage points for change. Marco Hernandez and his team are facing inevitable changes dictated by the external factors impacting the industry where their business is operating. Due to the diminished number of clients and their changing needs and preferences, Hernandez & Associates are forced to adjust to the new environment and remain strong competitors in the market. In order to succeed, the team of Hernandez needs to introduce changes in their roles and tasks. The leader has made the mission of the team clear to its members; also, the group demonstrated an understanding of the clients’ needs. These are the definite points of leverage that can be attributed to such process variables as group dynamics and effort. In addition, Marco Hernandez possesses a deep understanding of what the clients of his business need, how they must be treated in order to promote loyalty, and what kinds of tasks that group needs to fulfill to adapt to the new environment. Consider the major functions of the TLM – input, process, and output. Where do most of the firm’s challenges fall? However, the process variable of skills and knowledge could represent a potential challenge. To be more precise, considering the major functions of the TLM—input, process, and output, it is possible to state that the changes required for the team of Hernandez to fit into their new business environment would take a lot of input in the form of the provision of the new knowledge and education to the team. Practically, Hernandez has no time to hire a completely new team; in that way, the only available solution is to train the existing staff to fulfill their new roles. For that purpose, it is necessary to assess and evaluate the present knowledge and skills of the workers and the tasks they need to master. These factors can be recognized as the inputs necessary for the team of professionals to adjust their business performance to the new expectations and needs of the clients. Moreover, it is critical to remember that the additional coaching of the employees will require such inputs as time and money – the investments needed to achieve the goal of modifying the roles of the workers. Even though the team is ready to take an effort and change their performance as required by the business, the major challenges lie in their ability to master their new functions quickly and effectively in order to perform at a high level. What are the team’s goals for outputs? The outputs of the learning and adjustment process will involve the team’s ability to match the needs of the clients in 2001 that was majorly impacted by external factors. The newly trained team is anticipated to be more oriented at the use of technologies in their working process and engage with the customers using their website and phone. In that way, a larger number of clients could be covered within a shorter period of time (if only the emp
Introduction Culture is the way of life of a particular people or society. These include beliefs, traditions, food, customs, dress, language, music, art and literature. When someone is immersed in a new culture apart from the one he is used to, someone feel vulnerable, frustrated and fearful. This is due to the lack of awareness to the new culture. Also when someone moves to new place, it is both exciting and overwhelming but at the same time someone can get culture shock. It is natural for someone to experience all this due to all the changes people encounter. It is usually hard adjusting to a new place, friends one hang out with, the way they talk, express themselves, all this is new but the best thing about it all is that it is temporally. Culture by Mathew Arnold Mathew Arnold defines culture as study of perfection. In such a case, harmonious perfection is a general perfection that affects all the members of society because if one member suffers, all the others must suffer with it. The entire book of Arnold takes culture as collection of everything what is the best and perfect in the world. The book was written when it was a time of political and social change. The book argues in reconstructing England social ideology. Mathew Arnold states that culture is the process of self discipline and coming out of self centering but having an obligation to the whole society. Sweetness and Light This is the title of the first chapter of Mathew Arnold. Materialism is one of the themes that come out. Materialism covers all the individuals who perceive England from an economic point of view. Arnold argues that England achievements are in poetry, universities in
Introduction In this research article , Dean and Shiva-Jothy experimentally tested the relationship between the defensive action of human hair and the activities of ectoparasites. In the study the co-researchers have used experiential design to compare a parasite search times on the shaved and unshaved arm of the same host and the ability of the host to detect the presence of the parasite (Dean & Siva-Jothy, 2011). The researchers examined the relationship between an individual’s level of hairiness, search time and the detection ability of the ectoparasites. The paper fits well into the wider context of the study because it aims at investigating the possible cause and effect relationship by manipulating one dependent variable to influence the other variables in the group being experimented, and by controlling the other relevant variables and measuring the effects of manipulation through a statistical means. The technique used by the co-researchers indicates the relationship between human fine body hair functions and the detection of ectoparasites. Thus, it is important to identify the link between the ectoparasites’ host choice and the nature and duration of search behavior by the ectoparasites. The gap in this research appears in the evidence and the promising areas of future research. The researchers have attempted to raise questions that are worthwhile and relevant to the topic of the study. However, the core of the validation process and key to the quality of the research is provided by the critical feedbacks in which the theory of the co-researchers is continually reviewed based on their actions and experience. Methods The experiential design used by the co-researchers requires that the individuals sampled are tested both on shaved and unshaved arms to prevent research biases. The experiential method used by the co-researchers is appropriate because the study is based on individuals in which the subject of the research contribute to the content of the research including the phenomenon being researched and the creative thinking that the co-researchers generate and manage to draw conclusions. The statistical analysis explains the comparison of search times of the ectoparasites on male and female hosts, it indicates the search times compared with treatment of the arms on male hosts but not in female hosts. Moreover, the statistical analysis also indicates the detection of the ectoparasites on shaved and unshaved arms, the hosts detected the ectoparasites significantly more frequently on controlled arms compared with shaved arms in female and male hosts. The co-researchers employed research methods that were very beneficial in addressing the phenomena under investigation. Descriptive research is the other important method that can be beneficial in this study since it allows the researchers to verify the hypothesis to present a situation and analyze it (Moher, Dulbers & Wells, 1994). This research describes the conditions in detail of the present situation. The descriptive method can be used by the researchers to re
As far as prostitution in Bangkok is concerned, it has been estimated that here are about 200 European women and 500 Chinese women in the sex industry (Clark, 2005, p. 23). This has come to be referred to as the dark side of Thailand that people don’t know which portrays a narrow segment of life in Bangkok. In this case, it has been estimated that the sex industry as a whole generates more than 100 billion baht each year. This has always been as a result of various short term sex establishments that have sprung up as time goes by. As far as the industry as a whole is concerned, thousands of women are always sold to brothels in Bangkok by unscrupulous job brokers. Brothels have always operated in an organized international syndicate for their own sustainability when it comes to money issues. 40% of foreigners make up majority of prostitutes in different establishments in Bangkok (Clark, 2005, p. 55). The industry has different segmentations based on the amount of money that is involved in the business. It should be known that a large number of women and children alike are always lured into the business from neighboring countries to Bangkok with the promise and expectation of good money. This implies that most of these prostitutes want to go to Bangkok for prostitution because of the thriving industry in the country which might not be the case in their own countries (Seabrook, 1996, p. 35). Thai women always move to other roles in the sex industry which therefore requires replacement that is always done by trafficking in other foreign women who are estimated at more than 10,000 every year. As much as fewer Thai women have entered the sex industry in recent years, there has been a large influx of women from Burma and Southern China into the country for prostitution (Murcott, 1991, p. 62). Most prostitutes in Bangkok have entered the country illegally which shows that there are thousands of foreign women in the sex industry. Prostitution culture and public opinions It should be known that prostitution is one of the areas where issues of people’s private life are always subjected to public opinion as far as cultural history is concerned. This means that there are several underlying factors that have been behind the prostitution culture in Thailand and more specifically Bangkok. The practice of prostitution is illegal but it has been practiced throughout the country which raises various integrity issues (Cleo, 1994, p. 9). The fact that prostitution is illegal in the country has m