ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The sandwich generation refers to individuals who take care of both their children and elderly parents. The definition indicates a person “sandwiched” between managing the responsibilities of a parent and a caring child at the same time. The caregiver ends up being caught between looking after two opposite generations. It is usually associated with a significant impact on the person who has the role of a caregiver. This topic is crucial to the field of human development since it refers to the pressure the caregiver feels, coping mechanisms, and overall impact on their mental well-being. Developmental Impact The sandwich generation falls into the category of middle-aged adults in their 40s or 50s. According to researchers, they are prone to experiencing stress that has adverse effects on mental well-being (Gillett & Crisp, 2017). Moreover, this practice can negatively affect the children who are caught in between their parents’ responsibilities. Research shows that they find it extremely difficult to take someone else’s perspective on a subject (Broderick & Blewitt, 2014). A child who sees the mother spend less time and give less attention due to taking care of her parents might not appropriately interpret the situation, which leads to frustration. While this is an example of cognitive development, emotional development might also impact the response to this situation. It has been shown that infants whose mothers interact with them even in the first hours of their lives feel a positive effect (Broderick & Blewitt, 2014). A parent who is responsible for taking care of elders cannot be fully dedicated to the children, which may cause them to feel a lack of attention. Since individuals who take the role of caregivers are the most affected by this phenomenon, they are impacted on many different levels. A person’s developmental progress is influenced by mental well-being. The emotional aspect tends to have both beneficial and negative connotations. According to researchers, caregivers have risks of developing cognitive problems; however, the emotional rewards include feelings of meaningfulness and importance (Broderick & Blewitt, 2014). There are also implications when it comes to social and professional life. Combining work with caregiving might be a difficult task (Steiner & Fletcher, 2017). It is also shown that women who simultaneously work and take care of elders and children are more prone to spending less time at their jobs (Aazami et al., 2017). This is why individuals in such situations can meet difficulties in the work field. There are also implications regarding social life and relationships. Lack of time, mental exhaustion, and emotional struggles can impact one’s social life and romantic/fami
Google’s inventive business was producing procedures to help individuals sort rapidly through the quickly increasing volume of content being uploaded on the Internet. More willingly than hire publishing supervisors and investigators to check the links for definite inquiries, Google began elaborating procedures that counted the data it was recording against some exact criteria. These comprised original ideas like incoming links from reliable sources in addition to the typical procedures (such as keyword rate of recurrence and page headings). All of these fragments amalgamated in a page position that defined where a website would show on a definite request. By means of this recording method, Google was capable of bringing up more correct results than the variety of the present search engines that led it in the marketplace. The procedure was — and presently is — being continually pinched and rationalized to provide users with the maximum appropriate search results. For the reason of its robust start and a constant passion for becoming better, Google grew into the most popular search engine for a couple of years. Google stays growing its advertisement income and expands the websites and facilities that produce even more commercial profits 1 . Continuously refining leading goods is an undeniably straightforward corporate practice. The more thought-provoking aspect of Google’s continuing accomplishment story is the commitment to nonstop modernization. Google perceives invention as part of the task of the corpora
Introduction Unlike the previous exploration missions on the moon like the Ranger missions, Surveyor missions were planned in such a way that spacecraft would make soft lunar landings. The program was over-ambitious at first. The initial plan was that NASA would launch a Lander and an orbiter, and that it would perform several scientific experiments. However, NASA and other stakeholders were forced to scale the scope of the program down because of a number of considerations. These include the fact that the initial plan was too costly, and the fact that the plan required sophisticated spacecraft. The main reason however, was the Apollo program. Kennedy approved a lunar mission involving manned spacecraft, and thus Surveyor was changed from a probe to a data-collection mission that would enable human lunar landings. The people who would operate the spacecraft in the next mission would therefore perform Science functions once they landed on the moon (Day, 2007). This paper is an in-depth analysis of NASA’s Lunar Surveyor Program that preceded the Apollo program. Research question The main aim of NASA’s Surveyor Program, which consisted of seven spacecraft designed for soft landing (NASA Science, 2013), was to prepare for manned lunar landings, specifically the famous crewed Apollo landings (Barton, 2010). NASA would therefore use the Surveyors to determine if the lunar surface could support the landing and re-launch of a manned spacecraft. The Surveyor missions were famous for successfully testing soft landings on the moon, and collecting data that was used by NASA to analyze the lunar surface. These preparations were invaluable during the manned Apollo missions. Mission requirements Timeframe The Surveyor program was implemented between the years 1966 and 1968, during which five NASA spacecraft successfully soft-landed on the moon. Surveyor 1, the first spacecraft in the program touched down on the lunar surface in the month of June 1966, the second was unsuccessful. It crashed in the month of October 1966 into the moon. Surveyor 3, the third mission touched down in the month of April 1967 while the fourth mission failed in the same year. Surveyor 5, the third last touched down in the month of September 1967 while the sixth touched down in the month of November the same year. The last one touched down in January the following year (Day, 2007). Data requirements In order to prepare for the Apollo program adequately, it was important for the Surveyor missions to collect data, which would give informati
Introduction This is a short essay focusing on some of the prominent African-Americans in history. It highlights brief achievements and contributions of Ralph Bunche and James Meredith. Contributions of these individuals are fundamental for people who seek to understand African-American literature and history (Flynn 1). Ralph Bunche (1904 to 1971) Bunche had a difficult childhood. He did odd jobs to supplement the family finances. However, Bunche demonstrated his academic prowess by being a valedictorian in his graduating classes, and he excelled as an athlete in different sports. He became an academic, adviser, political scientist, and a diplomat with the UN and in the administration of John F. Kennedy. Bunche had some of the most outstanding achievements in the African-American history. He was the first black to receive the Nobel Peace Prize (1950) because of his mediation efforts between Arabs and Jews in Palestine. Bunche did not actively engage in civil rights movements. However, he criticized racial segregation by maintaining that racial segregation had no scientific basis. He claimed that democracy and segregation were not “compatible and urged blacks to maintain their struggle and accept responsibilities that come with freedom” (Nobel Media 1). He made such claims through personal speeches and published works. Bunche was a member of the Black Cabinet, and Roosevelt’s administration consulted him on several occasions. Bunche rejected the position of Assistant Secretary of State from President Truman because of segregation in Washington, D.C. He was a part of the Civil Rights Movements organized by Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1965. He also supported other black movements such as the Urban League and NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). James Meredith (1933) Meredith is a writer, an activist, and a political adv
From a historical standpoint, it can be stated that the most successful Turkish tribe were the Ottoman’s due to the breadth of their empire and its sheer longevity. It is important to note that the Ottoman Empire lasted for more than 600 years since its inception and only collapsed by 1922 (Ottoman Empire 1). It should also be noted that the empire itself encapsulated most of Southern Europe, North Africa and even expanded as far as Western Asia and the Horn of African (i.e. modern day Somalia, Djibouti Eritrea and Ethiopia). In comparison, the Saljuq and Ghaznavid tribes lasted only 157 and 209 years respectively. Even if you were to combine the number of years that both tribes expanded, came into power, achieved the height of their supremacy and then subsequently went into decline, the Ottoman tribe last 300 years longer than the age of both tribes combined. Another important piece of information is that the Saljuq and Ghaznavid empires each controlled areas that were smaller as compared to the sheer size of the territory that the Ottoman’s controlled at the height of their power. For instance, the Saljuq territory encompassed the area where modern day Turkey is located and extended to Central Asia (Saljuq 1). The same can be said of the Ghaznavid who were also isolated to Persia (i.e. modern day Turkey) and extended towards Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent (Ghaznavid 1). In comparison, the Ottoman’s controlled areas encompassed Southeast Europe, portions of Africa, much of Western Asia and various vassal states near modern day Russia. In terms of sheer territory and the diversity of the people they controlled, the Ottoman’s definitely came out “on top” so to speak when it comes to the sheer amount of people and territory that they ruled over. Do note though that all three tribes do happen to have similar traits that resulted in their downfall. First and foremost, it is important to note that due to the sheer size of the territories that they controlled this resulted in considerable issues when it came to managing them properly. Even modern day countries cannot field the manpower necessary to guard all their borders; a problem that was exacerbated by the lack of modern communication and vehicles during the time of the Saljuq and Ghaznavid tribes which contributed significantly towards successful incursions from rival powers as well as secession by far flung regions. It should also be noted that regional governors of various areas within the respective territories of the tribes also had the habit of acting independently from the wishes of the central government. In fact, this often resulted in internal rebellions which further taxed the capabilities of the three tribes. The final “nail in the coffin” so to speak for all three tribes and their control of their respective territories almost always came from outside forces. For the Ghaznavid
Cultural Background James K. is a person who is chosen for this project to understand his cultural background and formulate proper gospel communication practices. This is a 26-year-old male, who was born in the US in a family that moved from China 24 years ago. The family of James practices traditional Chinese values and prefers interacting with their compatriots. Even they are not opposed to other cultures, this family considers that it is better to be surrounded by other Chinese only. On the contrary, James believes that he wants to communicate with people regardless of their ethnicity, which causes conflicts with his parents. This person is my neighbor, and I know him for two years. I regularly see him on the street, when we speak about general themes. A couple of times he asked me about my occupation, and I told him that I study the field of overcoming addictions. When I mentioned some excerpts from the Bible to support my ideas about the need to constantly struggle with challenges, it seemed that he is skeptical about religion. James answered that he never believed in God and that everything depends on a person’s attitudes and efforts. Cultural Systems To reach James through gospel communication, it is critical to understand his cultural systems. In this case, an economic system is one of the most relevant ones as it considers capitalist versus socialist ways of organization. The Chinese culture practices the socialist view that implies an active role of the government, strong collective ties, and some extent of equality to access basic resources. 1 The US is a capitalist state that encourages individual resources and market economy to meet individuals’ needs. Even though James is from a Chinese family, it is evident that he has a mixed view regarding the economic system. On the one hand, he values his family’s opinion as it is one of the most important principles. On the other hand, the young man understands that he lives in a different environment. Marriage and family systems are one more issue that helps to learn James’ worldview. His family practices kinship relationships, in which blood ties play a great role. For example, if one of the family members has serious problems, it concerns the entire family that tries to assist this person in overcoming his or her problems. Such relationships also imply that the family should be consulted b
Philosophy is a study whose main aim is to understand and explain the mysteries of reality and existence. It tries to unravel the nature of truth and knowledge and to find out the basic values and importance of life. Philosophy carefully examines the relationship that exists between nature and humanity and the relationship between an individual and society. The desire to know and understand, curiosity, and wonder are the main drives behind philosophy. In this respect therefore it is clear that philosophy is a process of analysis that involves criticism and interpretation in order to speculate a given topic. The first known philosophers spent their life in the ancient Greek world in the early 500’s B.C. They tried to discover the intermediate composition of things and the world’s nature and reality. They sought answers on various subjects by thinking and studying nature. The greatest philosophers during the ancient time were three; Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato. Their contribution is in the field of philosophy is invaluable since a big chunk of ideas in various fields of study originated from their thought. It is from this perspective therefore that we have to look at how philosophy is important to us in our day-to-day life. It is no doubt that philosophy forms an integral part of our society and it should not be seen as rhetoric, no wonder we cannot ignore the contributions made by it and the academicians associated with it. Philosophy is important to us in a number of ways which include: Philosophy makes one think, this is because philosophy partially involves critical thinking which is understood as one’s ability to question the assumptions of someone else or one’s own and in the process, make discoveries and hopefully make articulations for good reasons for your position irrespective of your position. (Dave Yount 2001). This is because everyone has a position on every single issue that he or she defends. Defending the view requires the ability to reason, which is thinking of course, so as to understand what good and bad reasons are in order to find the best support for your position. In addition, philosophy can be an effective tool used to convince people that the idea that you hold is right and that maybe the views held by your opponents are wrong. This involves giving convincing and satisfactory reasons as to why your idea stands as it is. Philosophy is also important because it largely contributes to the full and effective growth of an individual which is crucial to oneself. P
Introduction Fatwa (also written as FATWA) is a legal pronouncement in countries that have an Islam-based system of law. This legal pronouncement is usually issued by an expert in religious law, a mufti. In order to be valid and active, a fatwa needs to comply with the rules and principles of the Shariah or Islamic law. The fatwa chosen for this paper is the Murabaha mode, a specific contract used, in this case, for auto finance and regulation of purchased vehicles by the client and the bank. The Murabaha might vary depending on the contract and the product purchased. Nevertheless, it is one of the most common modes of financing in Islamic banks. Operation/Modus Operandi The Murabaha in auto finance functions in the following way: the client signs an application with the bank about a product, in this case, a vehicle, that he wants to purchase. Perse, it is not yet a contract for purchasing but rather a contract that regulates the bank’s financing of a purchase that the client needs. Together with the application form the client also executes a Promise (under the rules of the Murabaha) that he will purchase the vehicle if the bank (RAKBANK) acquires it or is in possession of this vehicle. The bank obtains the vehicle from an owner (or seller) by executing a Sale and Purchase Agreement. If the agreement is followed correctly by both sides and the sale is completed, the bank becomes the owner of the vehicle. Once the bank becomes the owner of the vehicle, the customer who issued the Promise to Purchase this vehicle needs to buy it under the Murabaha mode’s regulations. These regulations state that the client will purchase the vehicle by paying the sale price which includes the cost of the vehicle and the profit for the bank. Such payment is scheduled for a specific payment day. If the client fails to purchase the vehicle on the due day, the bank remains to be its owner. Although not mentioned in the Fatwa/Sharia pronouncement, the bank assumingly might have the right to blacklist clients who failed to purchase the vehicle from future purchases under the Murabaha mode. As the acquisition consists of two steps, two different contracts are used for it: Sale and Purchase Agreement or Local Purchase order (between the bank and the owner of the vehicle) and the Murabaha Agreement (between the bank and the client who aims to buy the vehicle). As mentioned in the fatwa, payment is transacted on a specific date or date. The latter factor indicates that the payment can come in installments; therefore, it is necessary for the bank and the purchaser to establish the dates for each installment. The use of the Murabaha mode is necessary becau
Although nurses are supposed to provide patients with high-quality care, they sometimes do not succeed in it. Unfortunately, situations similar to what occurred with the 88-year-old patient are quite common: failure to assess, monitor, and document are reportedly among the most frequent complaints (“Failure to Follow Standards” par. 6). In this context, legal issues are of great significance. It is vital to understand who is to bear the blame and identify negligence as the problem of paramount importance. First and foremost, the term “negligence” refers to the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in the same or similar circumstances (Grant and Ballard 30). In other words, it is the improper conduct that is likely to result in negative consequences. One may single out several characteristics:   * Harm was done to a person;   * The negligent individual was responsible for the person harmed (Ellis and Hartley 280);   * The negligent individual did not perform their functions: it is considered to be a breach of duty. Two forms are possible: wrong actions and nonfulfillment of one’s duties;   * Damage caused to a person is the direct result of the breach of duty. There is another term that pertains to the dereliction: malpractice. It is more specific. In this case, negligence is committed by a person in a professional capacity, for instance, physicians and nurses (Burkhardt and Nathaniel 198). Just as in any sphere, there are certain standards in nursing; if a professional fails to follow them and a breach of duty causes harm, it is malpractice. As for the legal implication, a person found guilty is considered legally liable for the fallout: usually, this person is to pay for damages to a party affected (Ellis and Hartley 283). For example, the costs of treatment may be covered. In the scenario discussed, all features of negligence, in particular, malpractice, are present. An elderly person was admitted to the unit in the evening shift; on that stage, the appropriate admission assessment was one of the key responsibilities. Regardless of the time, nurses had to fill in the form. If the charge nurse did not complete the admission assessment, th
Many 19th-century female writers as well as women in general struggled against social customs, traditions, and prejudices pertaining to gender roles. Kate Chopin was one of these: she contributed to the exploration of “the women question” by creating works that were highly criticized by most of her contemporaries. The inward experiences of the characters in her literary pieces were always related to the matter of women’s freedom from social pressures and male authority. Mrs. Mallard in “The Story of an Hour” was no exception: for the woman, the news about the death of her husband, although it caused the character sadness at first, brought new hope for happiness, independence, and liberty. Thus, in the course of analyzing the powerful imagery in Chopin’s work, the paper will also focus on the concepts of feminine roles and gender relations as they were perceived in the dominant culture of the Victorian Era. By critically evaluating scholarly evidence for changes that occurred in 19th-century society and employing examples from “The Story of an Hour,” it will be shown how this remarkable literary piece reflected the values of an emerging and actively developing feminist movement. Mrs. Mallard was the wife of Brently Mallard who, according to information received by a local newspaper office, had died, one of many victims in a railroad accident. Upon learning about the catastrophe, “the storm of grief” took hold of the female character as befitted any good woman or spouse in this case (Chopin 1). Nevertheless, as the character sat to reflect about the situation alone, she realized fearfully, at first, and then joyfully that she was finally free: “she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely” (Chopin 1). This realization represents the main conflict in the story and places Mrs. Mallard in opposition to the traditional, imposed feminine role of a submissive and obedient wife. The 19th-century society was characterized by a common public view that held men to be superior and saw women as inferior beings. This supposed qualitative difference in genders dictated which masculine and feminine behaviors were considered acceptable. As s