ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Forming a pattern is intrinsic to the art of writing and this fact will become evident in the comparison of any two pieces of writing by a particular author. In order to analyze how patterns in writing occurs, I take the example of Jack London and the following paragraph will analyze the two short stories written by the author, ‘To Build a Fire’ and ‘White Snow,’ and illustrate the instances where one comes across such patterns in terms of the subject discussed in both the stories. Both the stories deal with the subject of the savageness of nature, manifested in the form of extreme cold conditions, where humans fight for their survival. In both stories Jack London is seen as following similar patterns to convey the severity of the climate to his audience. Right from the choice of titles, both stories can be perceived as sharing a common pattern, in terms of their allusion to snow or cold. Quite obviously, people build a fire to ward off cold which results from snow. Similarly, ‘White Silence’ is a subtle hint at the ambience existing in a snowbound terrain. While ‘To Build a Fire’ begins with the narration, “Day had broken cold and gray, exceedingly cold and gray…” (London) the author introduces the reader to the extremity of the weather in ‘White Silence’ with an opening scene where one of the characters “bites out the ice which clustered cruelly between the toes” (London) of a dog. Thus, a reader can decipher that the writing pattern used in both the cases is similar, albeit the latter, without being a statement like the former, sounds more effective in terms of ‘showing’ rather than ‘telling’. Another writing pattern readers may identify as a common thread in these stories is that they mention a trial through snowbound, frost laden terrain where the characters succumb to disasters. The prose in these stories contain similar phrase like ‘below sixty degrees’ wherein, again, a pattern of mentioning the exact measurement of temperature, intended to evoke a sense of the bitterness of the cold conditions in the readers’ mind, is evident. Yet another writing pattern that exists in these stories is the manner in which the author depicts the cruelty that man shows to animals, through which London implies that man, unlike other animals, can become savage for achieving his personal objectives. The character in ‘To Build a Fire’ contemplates the idea of killing the dog and tearing its belly so he could warm his hands. On the same vein, the character in ‘White Silence’ lashes the dog mercilessly but regrets this before he dies. Besides, in both stories one comes across the instances of the writer showing the fierceness of nature through several narrative techniques. The description of the spittle freezing and breaking on the ground, in the first story, and the postulation in the latter that “Nature has many tricks wherewith she convinces man of his finity, — the ceaseless flow of the tides, the fury of the storm, the shock of the earthquake, the long roll of heaven’s artillery, — but the most tremendous, the most stupefying of all, is the passive phase of the White Silence” (London) are the best examples. One major difference in the writing pattern i
Introduction Background Information Aging of the world’s population, along with the fast-growing life expectancy, results in increased expenditures spent on health care services. Older age is closely associated with high rates of chronic diseases. In this respect, dementia is considered to have had a serious impact on the quality of life, as well as on the economic burden that family should take. At the current moment, dementia treatment refers to advanced medicine and novel approaches to cope with the increasing number of cases. However, the ineffectiveness of treating dementia has a negative impact on life expectancy in aging societies. The global trends in aging undergo significant changes due to the influence of external factors, including economic, political and social challenges. This is of particular concern to the evident difference in the distribution of adults with dementia in developing and developed economies. The recent explorations of the problem have indicated the tangible impact of environmental factors on dementia development (Prince, 2000). In particular, because the mental disorder is considered a significant problem in the developed world with increased rates of aging population, it has considerably higher rates in the developing economies. The evident distinctions, as well as demographic transitions, have negative consequence for the dementia spread among the developing world’s population. The research studies by Wang et al. (2008) have recently discovered that dementia is the core reason for economic burden among the aging population in developing countries. Such a situation is explained by insufficient education, as well as poor health care services tailored to the patients’ demands. Attention should also be given to the cross-cultural survey of people with dementia in the third world. Research studies in such developing regions as Latin American, Africa, China, and Southeast Asia are indispensible to define how lack of education, poor health care network, and community perception affect dementia diagnosing (Prince et al., 2003). Considering culturally and economically sensitive environments of the developing countries is vital for evaluating the differences in incidence and prevalence of the disease among the identified populations. Purpose of the Research Although the developed world recognizes dementia as a serious threat to the aging population and overall demographics, little comparative analysis has been done on the assessment of the situation in both developing and developed worlds to define what external and internal processes influenced the lifespan of adults with dementia. This is of particular concern to such issues as cultural diversity, economic impact, political situation and
Introduction The miracles of computers and Internet communications have transformed this world into a global village in the true sense of the term. Today, just at the click of a button we can cross the barriers of time and distance and get in touch with our friends and relatives staying abroad, carry out online business transactions, real-time banking, and many more functions. All these functions require us to pass on personal & confidential information, which may be misused by hackers or frauds if not protected through proper data protection legislation and data usage protocols. Many countries around the world have developed privacy policies and laws to protect an individual’s information in the realm of electronic communication ( Green Ashley, 2003 ). Universal enforcement gets complicated because the Internet is not restricted to one country; it’s worldwide. As a result, concerns arise regarding the compatibility of various countries’ privacy policies. This paper will discuss the current legislation in place in Canada, the silent features of the Canadian data protection Act, the existing conflicts and gaps if any, and the implications these may have for the protection of privacy on the Internet. Internet Privacy Concerns & Laws Most countries around the world are toady concerned about Internet privacy. They protect an individual’s right to privacy in some respects, because “privacy is a fundamental human right that has become one of the most important human rights of the modern age” ( privacyinternational.org ). Definitions for privacy vary according to context and environment. For example, in the United States Justice Louis Brandeis defined privacy as the “right to be left alone” ( Privacy and Human Rights, 2003 ). In the United Kingdom, privacy is the right of an individual to be protected against intrusion into his personal life or affairs by direct physical means or by the publication of information. Australian legislation states that privacy is a basic human right and the reasonable expectation of every person. Regardless of varying definitions of privacy, the importance of an individual’s privacy is recognized on some level. Every country in the world has a provision for privacy, even if it is as simple as the right to privacy in one’s home or the right to secrecy of communication. On a more global level, international agreements such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights protect the privacy of individuals around the world. We see that in order to protect the fundamental privacy rights of individuals, laws have been established on both local and global scales ( TRUSTe, 2003 ). Therefore, it follows that laws are also necessary to protect the information of individual
Summary For any manufacturing industry to make any meaningful success in the competitive market, proper management of the new product development process, is a must to ensure the correct products are rolled to the market at the right time at a reasonable cost otherwise the industry has to make losses. Production is a multi-factorial process involving much planning and management which must be done with the aim of maximizing product fit with market need, shorten development process, and minimize development costs. Maximizing Customer’s Needs Maximizing customer’s needs ought to be the first priority and this must be achieved with extensive market study and research. This will enable delivery of not only customer requirements but also at an affordable price. Apple’s Newton Message Pad failed due to failure to meet customer’s need while on the other hand Phillips failed due to production of both very sophisticated and expensive product. Massive losses can be minimized by cutting down on development time society that the products hit the market at the optimum time neither too early nor too late. Bringing products to the market brings customer loyalty and early market capture while late entry may find that market has already been taken. In addition production costs are likely to be cut in the process though rushing may compromise on quality of the products. The whole process of development must be both effective and efficient for profit maximization. Product development Product development takes place in stages which may occur either sequentially or concurrently and it is the work of production managers to make sure that product design, concept development and manufacturing in every stage is coordinated for optimum results and also for early detection of flaws or feasibility. Project championing is important in that project managers can take the challenges and responsibility of the project. Project managers are better positioned to integrate communication and cooperation from different branches and levels of production. They can provide the drive and the motivation needed to take the risk in the project. However precaution must be taken to ensure that too optimistic managers do not push projects further into losses even when it is evident the project is failing. Development process will bear muc
Introduction Euthanasia is normally a tricky ethical issue for healthcare professionals, and therefore to them, it is essential to distinguish between active and passive euthanasia. The idea is normally, at least in some cases that, while it is permissible to withhold treatment and let a patient with little or no chance die, it is not permissible to take deliberate steps to kill the patient (active euthanasia), with the former being the more acceptable option for most doctors. Intentional killing or taking of another person’s life contravenes the very reason for the existence of the medical profession, and contravenes the policy of the American Medical Association as well as most of the associations of other countries, although a window of chance for the termination of efforts to conserve life for which an end is imminent is allowed (Rachels pg. 493). James Rachels however disagrees with the position taken by doctors when it comes to active Euthanasia and argues that, given a case where the patient is in intolerable pain and is certain to die in a few hours wouldn’t active euthanasia be the better option considering that the second option would only serve to prolong their suffering or even a case of an infant born with deformities which cannot allow for the continuation of life, due to Down’s syndrome (like intestinal obstruction) leaving this child to die on their own just falls short of brutality, therefore in this aspect the doctors have to rise above ethics and make the tough but right choices if only to save the patient, family and even the medical staff the agony of having to watch the slow and painful death of a loved one (Rachels pg 494). Rachels argues that while he would understand anyone who took the position of letting the child live as long as possible through active care, or anyone who opts for passive euthanasia, he does not understand why anyone would decide to let the child die a long and painful death due to among other things infection and dehydration as a result of deliberate lack of care. Morals What exactly constitutes morality? This is no doubt everyone will have an answer to but are they right? well, most will believe they are and are true to this, depending on the perspective fr
Brief Biography Warren Buffett was born in Nebraska in 1930. From the years of his youth, he had exhibited extraordinary business competence. To confirm these words is has to be said that at the age of 26 he had already established Buffett Partnership Ltd; nearly ten years later Warren gained the authority over Berkshire Hathaway. Warren Buffett appeared to be one of the world’s most wealthy men and an acknowledged benefactor due to his supervising of the rapidly growing empire with ownership in the fields of media, generated power, and cooking industries (Zakaria, 2013). Early Life The young boy had been actively displaying dexterity towards finances and organizational management, which was confirmed by the friends of the family on countless occasions. Warren was considered to be a mathematical genius due to his exceptional capability to add enormous numbers in his head; a capability that he would later expose in public. The first experience as a financier Warren received when he was 11 years old. He used to attend the stock brokerage shop that belonged to his family and helped to write the current stock costs on the blackboard with a piece of chalk. Later he attempted to make his first money expenditure there: for 114 dollars he had purchased three shares of CSP, which is short for Cities Service Preferred. The price of the stock had quickly decreased to 27 dollars per share; however, Warren patiently waited until they attained 40 dollars per stock. The boy was dissatisfied with the earnings he made; moreover, the price of each share unexpectedly went up to 200 dollars each. Later Warren Buffett would describe this incident as his first life lesson that had shown him the precondition to be patient with investments. Higher Education and Early Career When Warren was 16, he had been admitted to the University of Pennsylvania to examine business models and management. However, in less than two years, the future billionaire decided to continue his education at the University of Nebraska. Finally, he finished his higher education at the age of 20, and the income of almost 10 thousand dollars coming from his adolescence, not so little companies. 10 “Influenced by Benjamin Graham’s 1949 book, The Intelligent Investor, Buffett enrolled at Columbia Business School to study under the acclaimed economist and investor. After earning his master ‘s degree in 1951, he sold securities for Buffett-Falk & Company for three years, and then worked for his mentor for two years as an analyst at Graham-Newman Corp” ( Warren Buffett biography , 2015, para. 8). At the age of 26, Warren had established the company Buffett Partnership Ltd. in his native town. By using the approaches that he had picked up in Graham’s book Buffet was lucrative in determining the underrated organizations and began his path towards becoming a millionaire (Muenjohn, 2007). Among other companies appraised by Buffet, there was Berkshire Hathaway; Warren began to assemble shares of the company at the beginning of the 1960s, and little over five years later he
The passage “the only way to get a bill through Congress is by sweet-talking legislators and the president refuses to do any such sweet-talking” highlights possible ways of the bill to pass Congress (Jackson and Newberry 54). The major aim of the paper is to provide the critical precis of the reasoning. As the matter of fact, the argument of the statement is centered on that fact that the only opportunity to pass the bill is to be flexible and use sweet-talking as the approach to influence the legislators. However, in the case, when the president refuses to keep to such strategy, the situation will be followed by certain consequences, for example, the president can apply veto to the bill. The issue of the argument is centered on the topic whether the legislatures and the president should use sweet-talking as the method of letting the bill pass through Congress. The claim deals with the statement that to pass the bill, persuasive techniques and talking in a pleasing way should be used. Moreover, it is stressed that the intention of the legislatures would fail, in the case, the president refuses to do any sweet-talking. It should be pointed out that there is only one claim in the argument. Receiving the bill passed by Congress, the president usually has some possible ways. The first opportunity is to sing the bill and after signing, it will transform into the law. The second option is to veto the bill (in this case the bill will return to Congress), and the last choice is to take no actions and in ten working days, the bill will receive the power of law. The argument is centered on the evaluation of the possible ways if the president will refuse to accept the bill passed by Congress. It should be stressed that the argument describes the conclusion. The statement deals with the description of the possible outcome of the situation where the president does not have the intention to follow the approaches chosen by Congress. The president has a right to veto the bill, and it may be seen as the stimulus for the legislators to listen to the opinion of the president. Moreover, the leader uses his right to impact the process of creation of the bill and influence the content. In the modern times, the president has already received more power. The decisions made by the leader affect the actions and discussions of Congress. The president knows much more information and can keep it in secret. Although, the Congress used to be responsible and dominated during the process of passing the law, now they should be aware of the ideas and thoughts of the president. According to the experts’ point of view, the president should collaborate, negotiate, and interact with Congress. Blocking the bill is seen as the mechanism to influence the legislation process. The president should be confident, control the work of Congress, and take an active position, use favors and system of benefits to improve the work of Congress. The argument evaluates whether the work of Congress should be directed to pleasing the president. However,
Ancient Greek critic Aristophanes understood the end of The Odyssey as occurring with the words “rejoicing in each other, they returned to their bed, the old familiar place they loved so well,” thus rendering the final installment of the poem, Book 24, superfluous (Homer 337-38). However, Book 24 serves an essential function when we view The Odyssey as a whole. The Greek concept of honor breeds war, over and over, without end. Those who suffer affronts to their honor retaliate, and if they cannot exact revenge in their lifetimes, their sons are charged with the duty. Book 24 of The Odyssey terminates the cycle of revenge initiated with Menelaus, Helen and Paris. Its importance lies in the assurance, underscored by the intervention of the gods, that the saga of the Trojan War is over, all wounds are healed, and the wheel of vengeance will now finally halt. Critics such as William Merritt Sale argue that Homer’s purpose in creating the mythic poem of The Odyssey was to represent the inherent struggle of the human condition when faced with the choice between the life of a hero and the life of home and family. “The poem’s main theme, that human destiny is domestic, is greatly enlarged by the symbolism of the mythic world of Odysseus’ adventures. Odysseus becomes an everyman, facing universal perils — Circe…erotic enchantment and bestial enslavement, the Sirens…deadly lure or artistic beauty, [and] Scylla and Charybdis…lose part or lose all. Penelope in turn becomes everywoman confronted by the perils and pleasures of masculine desire, and all of us are seen caught between the competing needs for adventure – meeting risks and satisfying curiosity – and for home and family” (Sale 1). Similarly, Finkelberg points to numerous unheroic qualities that Odysseus displays, namely, his wily refusal to die. In Finkelberg’s words, “Odysseus is the only Homeric hero who, in both the
Introduction Majority of the people in the world embrace two genders; male and female. However, a small group of people in the society have a different opinion with regard to their gender with some believing themselves to be genderless or not belonging to any of the genders (Iyall, 2008). This is recognised as the third gender in the society. Research has shown that trans people in the society have, higher than average, academic qualifications compared to the rest. Definition It is important to understand the definition of the several terms used in the description of the trans people in the society. Firstly, trans people defines a category of people who believe in having multiple or no genders (Whittle, 2000). Secondly, the trans people can also be defined as cross dressers as most of them prefer dressing with cloths from the opposite genders (Blackless, 2006). Current Situation Research findings in the United Kingdom by the Endangered Penalties reveal that between 2009 and 2012, about three to five hundred thousand (300,000 to 500,000) people experienced a degree of gender variance (Gooren, 2008). Out of these, six thousand (6,000) have already undertaken a gender transition (Gooren, 2008). The low number of individuals opting for reversal of their roles as compared to the high number of individuals with gender variations is attributed to stigmatization and alienation (Baranyi, 2009). Although organizations have been in the front line in creating non-discriminating policies against sexual orientation, some organizations have not implemented such measures. Exxon Mobil Company is an example of a company that has amended its policies to ensure that none of its employees are trans gender. According to the company’s website, this is to protect its corporat