ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article under analysis dwells upon effective marketing strategies applicable for small businesses. The author provides ten tips which can help save money spent on advertising campaigns. It is possible to note that the major idea of the article is to make entrepreneurs understand that they should use appropriate marketing strategies instead of trying to adopt other businesses’ approaches and methods. One of the most effective strategies provided by the author is paying partners on time. This helps develop a positive image among the existing partners (Bly). A lot of entrepreneurs ignore this aspect and think investing into marketing is more important than timely payments. Nonetheless, an appropriate image among partners is favorable for a business and positively affects its development. Another important point provided is to get “maximum” out of materials available (Bly). This is a common mistake as lots of entrepreneurs think they need more materials and more new texts and images to promote their products. Therefore, lots of businesses accumulate numerous leaflets, posters, brochures, pictures and never use them. Admittedly, this is a waste of money and time as materials (especially texts and pictures) can be reused several times. There is no need to hire photographers, copywriters and marketing consultants to develop new materials if nothing brand new is produced. Entrepreneurs can slightly modify content they already have. It is also important to consider hiring a full-time marketing manager or assistant. Bly notes that addressing consultants is often costly. Some entrepreneurs think they only need marketing assistant when a new product is produced or when a new marketing strategy is needed. However, the marketing manager or assistant is the person who creates new strategies and makes sure the strategies are implemented properly. This person also makes sure the strategies are efficient. It is also stressed that entrepreneurs tend to adopt strategies used by other businesses. This is ineffective and can be harmful for a business. Bly emphasizes that different markets have different needs. This is an important point to remember. If a small business star
Introduction The study focuses on the freedom of the press in Turkey. Turkey is supposed to be one of the more liberal Muslim countries but events of the past few months on media crackdown do not reflect that. Some of the issues this study explores relate to how the government recently shut down social media sites, namely Twitter and YouTube before the elections. The research also covers media censorship and highlights any laws related to the freedom of the press in Turkey. Today, the media industry in Turkey faces challenges related to press freedom, including indirect or direct government censorship, imprisonment of journalists, and laws that would allow prosecutions of journalists that criticize the governments. According to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Turkey has the highest number of imprisoned journalists in the world (more than China and Iran). At the same time, a judicial package was adopted in 2012, which addressed these challenges but they were not strong enough to allow and protect full press freedom. Evidence from available studies indicates that Turkey’s press freedom has been deteriorating over the years and has dropped in the ranking of organizations such as Reporters Without Borders by fifty places. Other organizations such as Freedom House have categorized Turkey as partly free and the 2012 European Commission Progress Report for Turkey (EU membership annual report) categorized press freedom as one of their main concerns. In addition, research shows that 68 percent of the imprisoned journalist’s cases were related to the Kurdish Issue. Many of the journalists were charged under laws that were unrelated to media and the press like anti-terror laws and organized crime laws. There are also issues of court-ordered suspension of online sites and conflicts of interest due to media ownership. The Possible Cause of the Increased Media Crackdown in Turkey In the year 2010, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Human Rights Investigation Commission issued a report on its outcomes concerning the allegation that some of the news reports by Turkish Media had violated the presumption of innocence (Çataklar). The outcomes of this Commission were devastating to the Turkish Media. For instance, it criticized the media and their reporting methods. The Commission accused the media of striving to be the first power rather th
Foxconn’s business model implied prioritization of the leadership of the CEO while minimizing the significance of the employees’ individual goals (Eccles, Serafeim, & Cheng, 2013). Meanwhile, Foxconn’s factory is the best-working location for the potential workforce with low education or the absence of it (Eccles et al., 2013). Nonetheless, the company’s desire to minimise the overall labour costs was one of the reasons for the increased migration, horrifying living conditions in the dormitories of the workforce, and the lack of the motivation among the workers (Eccles et al., 2013). A combination of these factors was the primary cause of the occurrence of the social problems associated with illegal immigration and suicide. The majority of the issues related to Foxconn’s business model are related to the malfunction and underestimation of HR practices. The management failed to apply the best practice principles, which imply focusing on employees’ learning while ensuring the achievement of the financial objectives (Boselie, 2010). Meanwhile, the company did not emphasise the increase in the commitment of the employees while not cultivating the drivers for the overall development of skills and continuous learning principles due to the educational distinction between workers (Smith, Oczkowski, & Sellby-Smith, 2011; Ashton & Sung, 2006). Furthermore, the firm was not able to depict the connection between the company’s competitive edge and the competences of the employees while being a primary cause of the underestimation of the workforce as a critical asset and leading to the development of the wrongful attitudes among the workers (Lloyd, 2005). In the context of the presented case, the lack of the well-developed employees’ role in Foxconn’s business model and the underestimation of HRM practices were the critical attributes, which define company’s failure and the incapability to reach the set financial objectives while creating negative perception of the firm in the society.
According to Heidegger (2006, p. 48), the term ontology has attracted various definitions from various scholars. However, all these definition share the fact that ontology basically means existence or state of being or a reality. Ontology as a name was developed from a Greek word ‘onto’ which means ‘being’ or ‘that which is.’ Ontology is a branch of metaphysics that deals with issues about the existence of entities, and how these entities may possibly be grouped based on their similarities and differences and on their hierarchy. Ontology has been very popular in philosophy. It helps in defining existence of various beings in the world. Philosophers have been trying to explain the existence of various beings and how they are related to each other in the world. It is interesting to understand the existence of various being and the hierarchical relationship with other beings. It is through ontology that this can be brought to a clear focus for one to understand this existence and the relationships they have. Ontology can be classified into a number of ways using various criteria such as field of application or degree of abstraction (Hacking 2004, p. 84). This scholar emphasizes that the criteria used in this classification may vary depending on the approach one gives to this analysis or what one seeks to obtain from the process. Plato is one of the philosophers who have been lauded to have helped in the development of ontology. Ontology can be classified as upper ontology, domain ontology, interface ontology and process ontology. Each class has specific states of being as described below. Upper ontology involves the concepts which support the development of a given ontology. Domain ontology involves concepts which are relevant to a particular area of interest such as science, computer languages, and information technology among others. Interface ontology is always used when dealing with a scenario where two disciples are involved. Process ontology on the other hand involves the inputs, outputs, the constraints, information among other factors in a business process. These classifications are important in helping understand ontology and how it is relevant in analyzing various states of being. Plato was concerned of with making the society understand reality from illusion. According to Plato, sometimes an illusion can be so real that it may be considered a reality (Hacking 2004, p. 76). Using ontology, Plato was interested in bringing forth ways through which illusions could be distinguished from realities. This is because the state o mind can be very deceptive at times. The mind can transform an illusion into what appears to be a reality, especially if the involved party has an obsession over the issue. The mind is an engine that knows how to create a leveled ground when there
Confucianism is a concept that was born in China. It is not really viewed as a religion but rather as a set of ethical expectations. The basket of norms emphasized in this concept are; respect for elders, courtesy, and benevolent governance. Goodness and truth are among its core values. It was said to have been developed by a famous ideologist, and its aim is to build morality to maintain social order. The concept of Confucianism was incorporated in the Chinese culture since time immemorial and has been emulated by other societies due to cultural exchange with the Chinese. In fact, there are several other philosophers who have developed the concept further, over the past several decades. Although the concept dwells on religion to some extent, it mainly focuses on morality. Overall, the concept offers moral guidance on the appropriate way to lead a social life in an expected manner. Apparently, the Chinese people have been using it over the years as a virtuous means of liv
Introduction Obesity has become a serious health concern issues because of it is a health risk factor that affects “cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and certain types of cancers” (Paoli, 2014). People get obesity when they acquire a given body mass index. People with 25-29.9 BMI are considered overweight, whereas others with 30 or more BMI are considered obese. Obesity is related to several chronic conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, cancer and stroke among others. There are several recommendations and approaches on weight loss, but these strategies have often failed. Cases of obesity have increased since 1980s globally. In addition, there are many deaths related to obesity. For many healthcare providers, they have to deal with serious cases of overweight and obesity with difficulties because many recommended solutions seem not to work for patients. Some of these recommendations for obesity treatment include diets, exercise, medication and bariatric surgery. The main consensus regarding obesity management has been reducing energy intake and enhancing physical activities. Diet has remained the most controversial means of obesity and overweight management because various strategies have been adopted. There is however little empirical results to support outcomes of such interventions. This literature review explores carbohydrate count by focusing on ketogenic diets (KDs) because of the increased interest in the topic in the recent years as an intervention for obesity and overweight management. Significance of the topic Many studies have referred to ketogenic diet (KD) as a low carbohydrate, high fat diet which decreases blood glucose and elevates bloo
Healthcare organizations face a lot of challenges that have led to many patients not receiving appropriate health care services as it is supposed to be. The majority of healthcare facilities across the world have failed to deliver quality treatment to their clients and in the process leading to the loss of many lives that could have been saved. The emergency room department is the most affected department and many lives have been lost due to the many challenges facing the department in many healthcare facilities. This paper will highlight some of the major challenges facing healthcare organizations from a given case study with a lot of emphasis being put on the emergency room department. From the case study, the first major challenge facing healthcare organizations is extended waiting time for patients especially those in need of emergency healthcare attention. It is the obligation of all hospitals to make sure that all patients receive the required medical attention on time (Swayne, 2006). Many hospitals do not have waiting areas in the emergency departments where physicians can be able to triage patients and determine the urgency patient cases. When patient evaluation is done, those patients who emergency medical treatment are attended to and in the process saving many lives. The waiting time is too long leading to the worsening of patients’ conditions. One of th
Introduction Risk assessment is used to evaluate the possibility of hazards and their outcomes. This report concentrates on occupational hazards that may take place in the Qatar Civil Defence. It presents the principles and models of risk assessment, describes the activities of the organization, evaluates the possible risks for its workers, and suggests precautionary activities to eliminate them. The report concludes that the risk level is passable and that the organization performs measures needed to manage it. Managing Employees’ Safety To perform occupational risk assessment, it is necessary to understand the definition and the principles of it. According to the Health and Safety Executive (2014), risk assessment is the process of identifying measures that can control the risks in the workplace. It is necessary to note that organizational risk assessment is crucial and serves several purposes. Its primary aim is to protect employees from severe outcomes of possible occupational risks (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work 2007). Moreover, it can improve the organization’s performance by creating a safe and positive working environment for individuals. It is evident that all employers should carry out the risk assignment regularly. The Supported Place   * Company: Qatar Civil Defence   * Location: Doha, Qatar. The goal of the organization is to provide safety to the citizens of the country. Activity The services of the Qatar Civil Defence include security coverage, evacuation, theoretical and practical courses, and lectures, an inspection of organizational safety, installation of safety equipment, and issuing trading licenses for hazardous substances (MOI Qatar 2016b). Moreover, the organization qualifies companies to install, distribute and test fire-extinguishing equipment and performs renewal of employment authorization cards for individuals that work in the field of gas and fuels. Security coverage involves providing assistance during public events, escorting vehicles that transfer hazardous materials, and maintaining operations at gas stations (MOI Qatar 2016b). Evacuation measures include not only rescuing activities but also emergency training for governmental and private organizations. The risks for employees’ safety are determined by their tasks. According to MOI Qatar (2016a), the workers of the Qatar Civil Defence Department are involved in immediate interventions for disasters and the organization of the measures for emergency prevention. Moreover, they ensure the safety o
Employees of HATI may abuse their privileges. This leads to the emergence of the first vulnerability for this organization that occur in cases where these employees perform other functions, which are beyond their job responsibilities. On the same note, HATI employees may share classified information for the organization with third parties. Moreover, HATI organization may face platform vulnerabilities for its laptops. Such situation leads to denial of services, corruption of data, or even unauthorized access to data (Cybercrime, 2012). An example of this is the “Blaster Worm”, which may deny the organization services in case the laptops have Windows 2000 as their operating system. Database communication protocols are also vulnerabilities for HATI Company. Figure 1: Vulnerabilities to an Organization SQL injection attack is one threat, which HATI organization may experience while performing its functions. SQL injection creates an opportunity for the attackers to access the whole database for an organization. HATI may also have a weak audit trail, which indicates that the organization may have higher risks in several levels, which include detection and recovery, deterrence, and regulatory risk. Furthermore, HATI may have a Denial of Service (DOS) attack, which may be created by several vulnerabilities. DOS techniques include network flooding and corruption of data among others (NIST, 2007). Finally, weak authentication for the database, as well as exposure of the back-up data for the database is a threat, which HATI organization may face while conducting its financial transactions. Personal opinion on the risks, which HATI faces, is that denial of service; weak authentication of database, privilege abuse, and weak audit trail of all data processes are the significant risks to the organization. If the organization cannot control these risks it will eventually collapse due to the fact that the organization will incur losses, be attacked, and lose confidential data. Figure 1 shows how the organization may be at a risk because of a threat. HATI has an opportunity of using query-level access control (QLAC) as a measure of eliminating the vulnerabilities of employees’ privileges abuse. QLAC illustrates a mechanism, which has the power to restrict privileges of the database to the minimum operations of the SQL, as well as data. This mechanism has the ability of issuing an alert in case an employee is engaged in malicious activities. However, this mechanism needs to use SecureSphere’s Dynamic Profiling Technology, which enables the creation of various algorithms that contribute to the
Introduction Private security firms have contributed to supplementing security for international organization across the world. This has been an important factor especially in conflict zones. This paper will explore the challenges surrounding the engagement of private security companies in “Privatization of war”. Further, it will examine how they impact on civilians and their position under “international humanitarian law”. The paper will also highlight other reasons that affect privatization of war will also be examined for example contracting private security companies in conflict zones, Global arms trade and mercenaries involvement. The essay will further look into the impacts of private security companies on peace and stability. In conclusion, the essay will examine the concerns raised from the use of these private security companies. The role of mercenaries The traditional description of a mercenary is a person who engages in an armed conflict and he is not a national or a party to the conflict, and is driven by the need for self-gain.” Normally material benefit is promised by or supported a party to the conflict. In international law, to define a mercenary is set out in Another Protocol 1 to Article 47 of the Geneva Convention (Mandel, 2002, p.64). Contrary to popular belief, Mercenaries have existed for a long period of time. Macedonians are an example of this in old Greek and they were used to fight Greek wars. The Hessian soldiers were British and they were used to fight in the American war for independence. However the famous idea of mercenaries comes from around 1960’s and 70’s, this is the period when mercenaries were used by the colonialists to stop liberation movements in Africa. These were no state formations trying to destabilize establishing newly independent states. These received widespread criticism as a threat to the state’s self-determination (Mandel, 2002, p.77). In 1967, The UN approved its first resolution condemning the use of mercenaries. Other stiffer resolutions followed later and mercenaries became a criminal act within international “customary law” (Jäger and Kümmel, 2007, p.87). This universal revulsion of mercenary movements to the OAU Convention for Eliminating Mercenaries in Africa which came into effect in 1985 and the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries which was adopted by the UN in 1989 (Jäger & Kümmel, 2007, p.98). However, these conventions have been ineffective in cutting out mercenaries. The 1990s saw the rise of mercenaries once again, although this time, mercenaries had taken another a different route – the traditional mercenary has been substituted by forming companies offering a wide range of military services. These new corporate entities are being used by states, rather than trying to destabilize the states (McCuen, 1992, p.233). Paradoxically, countries such as Angola who originally signed the OAU Convention are now seeking the
Introduction While taking this course, I have discovered that practice in the medical profession has some privileges and obligations that vary from the ones of other fields. This means that exceptional standards of professional conduct are anticipated of both medical students and practitioners (Fox et al., 2018). Medical training provides learners with the chance to gain professional behavior in a controlled setting that is secure for patients. Professional Practice Medical schools have the opportunity to note forms of behavior that are unsafe, and thereby take appropriate action to enable learners either improve their conduct or, when this is impossible, ensure that such students do not graduate as health professionals. For students to demonstrate that they are qualified for professional practice, they should be supervised severally for any medical duty they undertake and correctly portray their position and capabilities. Moreover, they should understand that treatment ought to be anchored in the medical requirement and the success of therapy alternatives, and that conclusions should be reached after thorough valuation and dialogue with the patient (Fox et al., 2018). Medical practitioners should not deceitfully discriminate against any patient by letting their opinions to adversely sway their professional affiliation or treatment provided (this encompasses their perspectives concerning the age, disability, color, culture, gender, ethnic background, religion, lifestyle, or socioeconomic status of a patient). Personal Strengths I have discovered that my personal strengths encompass the ability to develop strong relationships with the people around me and the desire to help others. For example, I have recently developed good relationships with patients whenever I have contact with them while taking the medical course. Irrespective of the existence of limitations to such clinical contacts and the fact that students are supervised, many patients have often considered me to be in a position of accountability, and this makes them assign additional importance to their views and comments (Lomis et al., 2017). Family members, partners, carers, and other people close to the patient should be given special consideration and offered support when necessary. Even though I have a strong desire to help others and interact with them, I have discovered that health professionals and medical students are anticipated to uphold a professional boundary with patients and other people close to them.