ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Entrepreneurs are individuals who hold immense ability to utilize and coordinate scarce factors of production at their disposal to satisfy the needs of society members. They continuously focus their potentials in organizing and operating business entities to promote economic performance in various settings. Notably, entrepreneurship is a concept that holds requisite capacity to revolutionize execution of activities in diverse sectors of operation. The concept facilitates the development of innovative and pertinent solutions to diverse issues that affect business performance. Therefore, individuals and nations that seek to record excellent performance in all aspects of service delivery should adopt the concept. They should also create a favorable environment that promotes creativity. This is critical in fostering the introduction of new things or ways of production that entrepreneurship is all about. Successful entrepreneurs are individuals who are able to make right decisions, choices and are always decisive. They are always focused, determined and industrious individuals who explore every idea that comes their way. They are also influential strategic thinkers who hold immense capacity to evaluate various scenarios or action plans before execution (Butler, 2004). This enables them to execute their ideas effectively. Based on these facts, it is true that entrepreneurs have the different innovative capacity, different ways of seeking opportunities, creativity levels and how they execute their ideas. This explains why some entrepreneur’s record immense success over a short period compared to others. As noted by scholars, how entrepreneurs search for opportunities matter a lot in various facets of operation. The search process defines how successful they can be and how effective they can execute their expansion plans. Entrepreneurs who maximize the opportunities they have always record proper performance levels than those who underutilize the available opportunities. Consequently, entrepreneurs who aggressively seek to establish new inventions or acquire information on emerging opportunities, regularly record excellent performance. Such entrepreneurs are always able to expand their businesses with speed compared to those who do not perform vigorous search of information (Butler, 2004). This is evident since they find it very easy to identify available opportunities and plan effectively towards exploring the opportunities. They also find new ways of product development through detailed information search. Notably, the reasons highlighted seek to justify the notion that repeat entrepreneurs are more aggressive individuals compared to single firm owners. This is apparent since they execute their information search about prevailing business opportunities effectively. Relevance and significance of the study This paper provides insightful information on the notion that repeat entrepreneurs normally perform their search for business opportunities in a different manner compared to single entrepreneurs. It focuses on establishing how they seek for various development opportunities in the market, st
Introduction Modern scholars as well as business administrators attempt to identify those factors which impact people’s attitude toward their jobs, their willingness to remain with the company, and contribute to its performance. Special attention is paid to humor and fun at the workplace since they are associated with such positive outcomes as decreased absenteeism and burnout, and improved relations among employees (Plester, 2009, p 584). Additionally, it is believed that humor and fun can enhance group cohesiveness and team work (Baptise, 2009, p 601). Overall, their effects are considered to be beneficial. This paper aims to discuss the ways in which fun and humor can impact managing people at work. Yet, it is necessary for us to explain how humor and fun are constructed in contemporary organizations. In other words, one has to understand in what kind of companies people are more likely to have fun or resort to humor. The findings of this paper can be important from theoretical and practical perspectives: on the one hand, they can better explain those forces which govern the relations among colleagues; while on the other hand, they can be used by managers, who need to improve the climate in the workplace and ultimately raise productivity of employees. Humor and fun in their workplace and their manifestations Humor and fun are those notions which avoid definitions or interpretations; in part, because there are hundreds if not thousands definitions of humor. Managers and researchers do not overlook the issue because it is vital to mark the boundaries of legitimate or permissible fun in the workplace. Modern scholars define these notions in terms of what they are not. In other words, they try to single out those aspects of fun, which are not permissible, for instance, Jerald Greenberg focuses on those jokes which are based on racial or sexual stereotypes (2010 p 176). In short, humor must not be offensive or it will eventually result into hostility. In their turn, Susanna Stromberg and Jan Karlsson (2009) argue that the management must not tolerate those activities which can potentially distract employees from their direct duties or harm t
This is a narrative by Booker Washington about his struggle to get an education. In this narrative, Booker uses a number of literary devices to bring out his message in a clear manner. In this narration, he identifies the challenges he had to face in order to save enough money to travel to Virginia. He uses flashback when he says, “As I now recall the scene of my first year… Many of them were as poor as I was, and, besides having to wrestle with their books…” (Gates and McKay 1394). There is uniqueness in the narration of Booker about events that took place as he struggled to get an education. Most of the individuals who came across his life are described in a favorable manner. General Lewis Ruffner is presented in the essay as a mean woman who dismissed any employee who failed to meet her expectations. However, Booker portrays her as an understanding person who played a major role in his life towards becoming an educated American. He uses a descriptive narrative to bring out this fact. He says, “Lessons that I learned in the home of Mrs. Ruffner were as valuable to me as any education I have ever gotten” (Gates and McKay 1397). Miss Mary Mackie, the headmistress of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, was very stern, but Booker says that she became a rock in his college education. He used another descriptive narrative to paint a clear picture of her. He says, “Miss Mary F. Mackie, the headteacher to whom I have referred, proved one of my strongest and most helpful friends” (Gates and McKay 1399). As Gates and McKay observe, during that time, bullying was a common phenomenon, especially in boarding schools (1392). Booker was much younger than his colleagues. It is expected that he would mention the rough experience he had with them before they could accept him as a colleague. However, he gives very little credit to himself, his own effort that enabled him to be enrolled at this college. One behavior presented in this article that is still common today is social segregation in our modern society. During the era of Booker, segregation was based on race. This is changing as technology creates a global community where the geographical boundary is no longer a factor that hinders movement. However, a new form of segregation is emerging that can be equated to the racial segregation that was common in the past. According to Generals, a new social setting where the haves avoid the has not is becoming very common (215). This behavioral pattern may not be pronounced as it was during the era of Booker. However, there are places that the poor may not access simply because they social status. Tight security officers man the gates of many clubs in major cities in this country to ensure that the non-members are kept out of the compounds. Schools are emerging that are very expensive. Hence they can only be afforded by the rich. This is another form of segregation (Moore, 540). In the transport sector, this is a little more pronounced, but people have come to embrace it as a normal social setting. We have classes for the rich, the middl
Abstract The aviation industry has grown significantly since its inception. This successful growth can be attributed to many aspects, among which is the human factor. Through out history, both men and women have played pivotal roles in the achievements and developments being enjoyed today. This study aims at exploring the life, legacy and achievements of an individual who had a significant impact in the aviation sector. Through the analysis and perusal of relevant literatures, the study will in detail provide an informative and well thought out discussion as regarding to the various aspects of life as experienced by Willa Brown. The main themes covered in this study will evolve around her achievements, motivators, challenges and how she overcame them. The historical periods experienced by this aviation icon will also be discussed. Introduction Throughout the history of human civilization, mankind has been engaged in various activities that aim at improving their lifestyle in political social economical and technological terms. In many instances, the achievement of related dreams, hopes and ambitions has been challenging. This can be attributed to the most prevalent social vice that eats away our full potential up to date. Discrimination as regarding to the sex, race, religion and political orientation has been documented as the most predominant threat to success. Worst of all, discrimination has sipped in through all the sectors leading to unwanted results such as social conflicts, disharmony in societies and the nurturing of hate within the diverse populations across the globe. The aviation industry is one such sector that has experienced the impacts of discrimination through out its history. From the late 1800 to half of the 1900s, mankind engaged in warfare against each other. The United States was not exempted from this phenomenon and as a matter of fact, America has had a long standing history of wars waged both within and without her borders. The reasons for these wars ranged from protecting America’s territorial integrity to assisting her allies. Invariably, war had far-reaching effects on the countries that were involved in the operations. As such, pilots and other aeronautical personnel played a pivotal role in the facilitation of these wars because in most cases, airplanes provided an added advantage against the enemies. The focus of this paper shall be to evaluate the life of an individual who beat all odds and became a pilot during a time that discrimination was rife. The various events that led to the success of this individual shall be discussed and the challenges faced highlighted. This shall be done by analyzing the environment through which pilots operated from and the culture that was prevalent during the aforementioned period. Brief history of Willa Brown (legacy, impact and achievements) According to Smith (1996) Willa Brown was born on the
Good sleep is essential for good condition of a human body. People who constantly fail to have a good and successful sleep often become irritated and reduce the abilities of memory and attention. Academic performance is reduced as well. Sleep affects logical thinking processes and the ability to make conclusions. The conducted research should focus on various psychological limitations people are sure to experience if they do not have good sleep at night. Conducting a research project devoted to human sleep habits in children and the affects on their confidence as adults, the existing data should be evaluated, and the conclusions are to be drawn in the sphere of sleep habits and its impact on human mind activity. Human confidence is a result of human performance. Depending on the quality of the performed tasks and completed issues, on the personal and general feelings, and on the ability to draw conclusions, people may be either confident or not. Bad sleep habits, such as a short length of sleep, late going to bed, and bad quality of sleep at childhood reduce human confidence and make people be uncertain in personal actions at the adult age. Considering this problem, it is important to understand what a notion of ‘confidence’ means. According to Cambridge Dictionary, ‘confidence’ is defined as “the quality of being certain of your abilities or of having trust in people, plans, or the future” (Cambridge Dictionary, 2011). Thus, confidence depends on personal feelings in relation to others and to self. This paper aims to conduct a literature review considering the research in the sphere of the sleep habits in children that affect them and their confidence as adults. Psychological Dependency on Sleep Habits Wolfson and Carskadon (2003) conducted a research where they tried to test human psychological abilities and dependency on sleep habits. The researchers paid attention to the quality of sleep and mentioned such characteristics as the time of going to bed and waking up, the duration, and quality of sleep. The research results show that “those who went to bed late and got up late, those whose sleep was short and those who could not sleep the whole night being constantly woke up reduced their academic performance. These people were irritated and could not focus on one and the same problem” (Wolfson & Carskadon, 2003, p. 493). Additionally, those people failed to think logically, perform the easiest tasks at colleges, follow the teacher’s ideas and respond to questions. Bad performance at school reduces students’ self-assurance as they feel personal failures. Moreover, when people fail to present good results at colleges, they understand that they fail to meet the expectations of the others, and it also a
Purpose of the Research and Research Questions This study lies in the field of human resource management since it examines the main obstacles and incentives for the automation of manufacturing in the defense sector. The purpose of this work is the determination of relations and the influence of factors affecting defense companies in the UAE in the production process. This study helps to identify weaknesses in human resource management, which will help companies optimize and accelerate the implementation of automated technologies and improve company productivity. A review of defense companies’ data demonstrates that there is a gap in knowledge about the process of automation of production in this area since the interaction of various factors is not defined or partially considered. Therefore, the main research question is the determination of factors exerting the acceptance of automation in manufacturing and the degree of their influence on this process. For this purpose, similar scholarly sources will be investigated, and a survey of employees will be conducted to determine empirical evidence of the research hypotheses. Theoretical and Practical Contributions In this study, a new variable of resistance that is not taken into account by other researchers aimed at introducing innovations into work processes in various fields will be added. Consequently, the theoretical contribution of the work will be the development of a new research model, which allows scientists to study in detail the issue of adopting new mechanisms or tools that increase productivity. The improved research model can be applied to analyze the processes of adoption of automation, electronic systems, and technological innovations in any field of activity, for example, medicine, banking, delivery services, or the public sector. In addition, this research will supplement the theoretical knowledge base in human resource management in such a specific area as the defense industry. Moreover, the resu
The hypothesis The selected hypothesis of the study is the second one: facing a very harsh disappointment. The exposition of the hypothesis is that the Arab Spring failed to spread in Arabian states because the affected states performed poorly in achieving their objectives of protesting and received minimal support from states that supported the protest, thus causing a very harsh disappointment among the people. Therefore, the study hypothesizes that the citizens of the Arabian states who perceive the Arab Spring as unsuccessful are less willing to participate in protests in their own countries than the citizens who perceive Arab Spring as successful. Independent variable Perception of ‘successfulness’ of the Arabian Spring by citizens of Arabian states. Dependent variable Willingness to participate in a protest by the citizens of the Arabian states. Research Design The appropriate research design of the study is the cross-sectional design. A cross-sectional design is a type of survey that allows researchers to collect information from a given population or a sample of the population without consideration of any time bounds. As a type of survey research, the cross-sectional design is applicable in assessing the feelings, perceptions, and opinions of people about a given issue in a community or society. Since it deals with abstract information about feelings, opinions, and perceptions, the cross-sectional design permits qualitative collection and assessment of data, thus providing the basis of descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics are applicable in the analysis and interpretation of qualitative information. The perceptions of people about the success of the Arab Spring comprise qualitative data that the study needs to collect from the population and analyze. In this view, since the study examines the perceptions of the citizens of the Arabian states, a cross-sectional design is the appropriate design for the research. Essentially, cross-sectional design entails the collection of data from a population sample by use of survey techniques such as questionnaires or interviews. In this case, the study will apply the technique of collecting information using questionnaires. The questionnaires are appropriate for this form of study because the population of study spreads across the Arab world, which is very extensive to conduct using interviews. The use of questionnaires is advantageous because they are simple to construct and easy to administer as they do not require a lot of resources. With the use of the Internet, the study can administer questionnaires to thousands of people in various countries via mail or social sites. Hence, given that the study targets people who are spread across the Arab world, the use of questionnaires administered via mails and social sites is appropriate for the study because it is cheaper and more convenient than other methods of data collection. For an appropriate analysis of the data collected using questionnaire
Mesdames Harrington and Salas, in their article, entitled Darth Wall Street Thwarting Debtors with Credit Swaps (Update2) , have demonstrated the concept of unintended consequences. They highlight the negative and counter-productive results of the creation and proliferation of credit default swaps and negative basis trades (Harrington & Salas, 2009, pp. 1-5). The entire system of bankruptcy procedure has, in living memory, at least, and to the eyes of the non-professional observer, been oriented towards preventing bankruptcy. It has been assumed, although not necessarily articulated explicitly, that the company’s employees, board, operational management, and stakeholders, all share a burning desire to keep the entity afloat indefinitely. This has been the case for individuals as well as corporations. Social shame, loss of credibility, the inconvenience and uncertainty of ever getting credit again, all have, historically, militated against declaring bankruptcy unless the situation became truly dire. The depressing realization that one must start all over again to rebuild a business, whether personal or corporate, has also acted as a powerful discouragement to taking any route which could lead to bankruptcy. However, as Salas and Harrington explain, with credit default swaps and negative basis trades, the whole set of motivators changes. As they quote Henry Hu, describing what he terms, ‘Empty Creditors’, “You’re given these control rights under loan agreements or bond indentures on the general assumption that if you’re a creditor, you have an interest in the borrower surviving,…Because of things like credit-default swaps, that assumption no longer holds.” (Harrington & Salas, 2009, p. 2) This means that because the holder of a credit-default swap will earn something , no matter whether the fixed income instrument, which they also have an interest in, actually pays in full or not. The credit-default swap is, in the words of Investopedia, “A swap designed to transfer the credit exposure of fixed income products between parties.” (n.a., 2010) Salas and Harrington point out that, “Credit swaps were created by JPMorgan Chase & Co. more than a decade ago to hedge against losses from bank loans.” (Harrington & Salas, 2009, p. 3) As with most risk management instruments, by whatever nomenclature they are known, this exotic hothouse flower of a derivative pays off most handsomely to the seller when the risk or peril is not incurred. Just as with life insurance, the seller hopes that the bond (or other fixed income instrument) will mature, as planned, pay, as planned, and thereby obviate the need for any laying off of risk. However, the situation is different for the buyer of the Credit Default Swap. The buyer of a CDS is now “insured” against default. If, as Salas and Harrington put it, quoting Henry Hu, ““Say you’ve lent $100 million to a company and you had bought $100 million in credit-default swaps,” said Henry Hu, a law professor at the University of Texas in Austin. “In that circumstance, the creditor really doesn’t care whether or not the company goes under.” (Harrington & Salas, 2009, p.