ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Theme: The Rain Forest This plan is meant for the pre-kindergarten age-group aged 3 to 4 years. Objectives  1. Students will be able to paint and identify some wildlife species in the rainforest.  2. Students will be able to record and isolate the features found in a rainforest as it will be learnt in “The umbrella” story.  3. Students will be able to play video games with various terms and educative activities.  4. Students will be able to practise some of the onomatopoeia sounds made by the animals found in the rainforest. Materials The materials will be a book “the umbrella” by Jan Brett (2004), a projector, a laptop, pictorial diagrams of wildlife species mentioned in “the umbrella rainforest story“ , pictorial maps showing typical rainforests, animal sculptures, a white board, a blue marker pen, play stations sound games, crayons and drawing books. The class will be organized in a semi-circumference seminary format where the teacher together with the materials will be facing all the students. The display materials will appear at the most appropriate positions for all learners to view effectively. Rain Forest. Body of the lesson Anticipatory Set The class will be set in a semi-circular conference stage format in order to make students focus on the teacher and the resources provided. The teacher will then proceed to introduce the topic of study by showing the cover of “the umbrella book” and then ask the students to make predictions of what they think the story will entail. As a preparation for this lesson, the teacher will carry an umbrella and then engage the students to differentiate between the present umbrella and the one found in the rainforest story. The teacher will also narrate to students about some of the animals mentioned in the story and will then involve the class to give some of their views regarding the habitat to the mentioned animals. These views will be recorded on a chart paper. The teacher will then proceed to taking the students through a picture walk of the book while pointing out the most important captions in the pages. The teacher will then read the whole story to the class in the most effective way. Direct Instruction and Guided Practice The lesson will be all-inclusive one where learners will be allowed to participate. This aspect will improve the equality of all students in that they will experience similar chances of selection. In cases of the slow learners, extra time will be provided to pull up their capabilities. After “the umbrella book” reading session, an animated type of a movie clip that shows a rainforest theme will be played to the class. The choice of the clip must be strictly related to the “the umbrella” story and suitable for the learner’s age. Therefore, the movie clip must contain some child development elements such as cartoons and puppeteer’s explanation. The educator will be actively involved in the lesson’s activities by teaching the learners some songs that have been developed in the “the umbrella” story. In
One of the issues in business management and growth arise from the application of characters in order to realize business goals. One of the issues that make character to be of importance than other issues is dependence. This is the aspect of having something with which someone relies one. While this is an inborn aspect, dependence contributes a lot in business management. One of the areas within which business contributes to development is in the decision-making process. While many businesses have been known to operate under independent environments, the aspects of having dependence is known to influence many issues in business (Bowie & Werhane, 2004). The decision-making process has several aspects that require mutual partnership as well as responsibility in order to function as it ought to be. The issue of dependence has been taken by many growing corporations to develop a foundation on which to lay their companies (Bowie & Werhane, 2004). This means that corporations have raised eyebrows to other companies and although this is ethically debatable issue, three companies have managed to operate in liberty and realize huge profits as compared to other corporations. Dependence is therefore very important in business growth as it ensures that businesses learn and take after other successful businesses in terms of decisions and operations and through this, they earn immense backup and support (Bowie & Werhane, 2004). Dependence is therefore a habit described under character and it represents one of the ways that can lead to success in a business. Without observing these character-defined aspects, it can be hard for businesses to grow and expand. Another character-inspired trait is the independence. This is when decisions are made upon personal choices and hence are not subject to other issues and other operations (Bowie & Werhane, 2004). The independent trait allows managers to practice leadership and intuition at which personal preferences are left out for the company’s sake. The independent aspect is very important for businesses as it gives ways through which businesses can effectively operate their functions without having to be misled by other people. In addition to the above benefits, the issue of having independence in business ensures that the operations are not compromised and that every decision is made without copying, but from the needs of the company (Bowie & Werhane, 2004). The independence aspect therefore ensures that business managers are in a position of ensuring total diversion from certain reliance and following. From the independence trait, the business decision is laid upon the issues at hand but not upon the requirements of other businesses and corporations. Independence as a trait in businesses is therefore very important as it illustrates the best juncture for businesses to make decisions as a well as make influential steps towards business growth (Bowie & Werhane, 2004). These traits indicate that while other pressures may be of importance, the habits within characters have very positive roles in our lives. The decision to make personalized and independent decisions influences the manner in which corporations
Web 1.0: also called the Read-Only era represented the static websites where the user got limited to reading information presented to him. It represented a one-way information flow just like a school library. It missed the interchange of information between consumers and the producers of information. The examples are the many static websites during the DotCom boom which presented the internet before 1999 (Mike, 2006). Many experts call it the hot-mail and fully static website era. The webmaster got concerned with updating the website and providing information to the users. Today’s users get concerned with more than just information. This leads to the birth of web 2.0. Web 2.0: also known as write-read-publish when the webmasters realized that the consumers of information needed more than just information. This got attributed to the lack of interactivity in web 1.0. Now users can read, write, publish, and edit information and share it with the rest of the world without fear of punishment. It has brought about active interaction of users with the webmasters. It got born in the year 1999 with the contributors being LiveJournal and Blogger. With the birth of this technology, even non-technical users can easily interact and contribute to blog platforms. In Web 2.0, it took users a few seconds to publish information compared to Web 1.0. It required effort and co-ordination among users, webmasters, and developers to do a minor change in Web 1.0. Some of the examples of Web 2.0 are YouTube, FaceBook, Twitter, Wikipedia, Flickr, etc (Neil, 2008). The webmaster shares the responsibility with the internet audience to make sure the internet becomes more informative and educative. Web 3.0: also known as Semantic web has been able to provide analytical abilities and intelligence searching. It has brought about a gradual transformation of the web from an overloaded and dumb medium to an intelligent medium. It gets built-in cloud computing and the information can be shared in any computer architecture i.e. desktops, laptops, mobile devices, I-pads, etc. The search engines get built incorporating intelligence contextual searching avoiding keyword searching (Eduard, 2008). One of the examples of Web 3.0 is the Google search engine. The following will be the benefit for businesses migrating from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 (Mike, 2006):   * Contextual Searching: the queries get interpreted just like a human brain. The info agents fill the gap in the tailor-made search thus deducing the best possible answer for your query. This saves the business time and they get the right information.   * Tailor-made Searching: Web 3.0 will provide the business with easier searching for information. Direct answers get provided for any queries. It will save the business from wasting time on million of meaningless results.   * Personalized Searching : Web 3.0 can read and understand personal preferences. The business has its unique web profi
The proposed dissertation suggests that employers who support volunteerism are able to increase job satisfaction in their companies. This is seen in the form of proactive employers who form volunteer programs that are in sync with the mission statement of the company. The recently conducted survey revealed that 68% of the respondents wished to enter into voluntary programs that helped to retain valued employees and 58% of the respondents believed that employee volunteering led to greater productivity. (Wallenius, 2003) The volunteer interests manifested by employees largely influence the choice of volunteer groups to gain support from employers. The organizations which view voluntarism as a part of the corporate culture often benefit greatly from it. At this, connectivity is seen as one of the main aspects of volunteerism. In terms of voluntarism, connectivity serves as a bridge connecting volunteers and those individuals who need their help. Research design is extremely important when constructing a study. According to Morris 2003, before carrying out research, “researchers should consider the goals of their study to determine the appropriate methodology, and should consider the costs and benefits of using student subjects vs. other consumers in conducting their research.” (p.49) Moreover, planning research, should take into account three basic methodologies of research which include internal validity, external validity, and construct validity. (Leong & Austin, 2005) Internal validity is usually applied in cause and effect studies. Cozby 2009 posits that “to achieve internal validity, the researcher must design and conduct the experiment so that only the independent variable can be the cause of the results.” (p.149) Internal validity can be used when carrying out a cause-and-effect study exploring the issue of voluntarism; in this case, the cause-and-effect relationships between practicing voluntarism and the resulting job satisfaction among the employees can be considered. Such a study can be based on the assumption that the rates of job withdrawal among voluntary workers are, as a rule, smaller and their rates of job satisfaction are higher. This is connected with the fact that voluntary workers are more committed to their jobs and have concrete goals to attain. As far as external validity is concerned, its pr
Topic 5 DQ 1 Small group instruction can be defined as an approach to instruction that involves dividing students in the class into small groups and working with each group separately. The size of such groups may vary based on the size of the entire class, the teacher’s preferences, and other factors, but small groups usually consist of four, five, or six students (Hoch, 2017). Small group instruction is often implemented after thoroughly analyzing students’ learning needs, including the use of diagnostic assessments, and identifying students with shared skill deficits. The key goals of this approach to teaching include re-teaching specific skills, creating the most comfortable conditions for peer collaboration, and facilitating exploration (Hoch, 2017). Small group instruction can be applied to discussions and other activities involving collaborative work. Whole-class instruction refers to direct teacher-led instruction methods enabling the teacher to engage in communication with all children present in the classroom. Whole-class instruction is often provided with the help of traditional learning materials, such as textbooks or printed supplemental materials, and it is a popular decision among teachers to rely on this approach at the beginning of the lesson and then proceed with small group instruction (Hoch, 2017). One peculiarity of this approach to lesson organization is that it offers minimal opportunities for the differentiation of instruction, and it is reasonable to give preference to this approach when introducing concepts that are totally new for all students in the class. The advantages of small group instruction include more opportunities for peer interaction and the teacher’s ability to differentiate instruction based on individual needs. As opposed to whole-class instruction, small group instruction allows teachers to differentiate between students, increase particular groups’ engagement, and provide students that may face specific difficulties with focused support (Hoch, 2017; Vukelich, Christie, Enz, & Roskos, 2016). Next, it has long been
According to Historical sources, Talleyrand was a unique and extraordinary person. To some people, he was regarded as an arrogant person because of his confidence which earned him the most successful diplomat of his time. Through his tactics, he managed to survive the regimes of Dictators Louis XVI through to the leadership of Napoleon and Louis Philippe. As observed from his tactics, he had the ability to predict Political events and placed himself on the side of the political victors. One of the events that clearly illustrate this characteristic is the role he played in the Vienna Congress to restore the position of France as a political leader in Europe. Unlike Napoleon, the approaches he used were not dictatorial because he used legitimate advances and public policy laws. The main role of Talleyrand in the Vienna conference was that of a protector and not a peace maker because peace was already prevailing in France. He entered the conference fully convinced that he had a duty to bring back France to its rightful position. Previously, he had actively participated in the signing of ‘The Treaty of Paris’ which ended the ‘Napoleonic Wars.’ When Talleyrand entered the conference, he had the sole purpose of maintaining the power of France among the countries of Europe (Cooper, 1967). Despite the fact that France had narrowly escaped destruction when it signed the treaty of Paris, Talleyrand was convinced that France had not gained her rightful political position in Europe. Talleyrand arrived a week earlier before the meeting started and had gathered information that ministers of powerful nations had met privately to decide on submissions of the congress. In order to counter these advances, he gathered the ministers of smaller powers and convinced them to select France to represent them because it was in a good position to champion for their rights and defend them from oppression from powerful states. As the congress progressed, his methods proved to bare fruits because the opinions of France were heard. He also participated actively in pressing for the start of the congress which earned him an invitation by Prince Metternich of Austria together with other four ministers of powerful nations. During the meeting, he questioned why he was the only representative of France in the meeting yet other countries had more than one representative. He calmed down after it was explained to him that the Secretary of State for Spain was not in the congress while Humboldt was in the meeting because Prince Hardenberg had earring problems (Cooper, 1967). Talleyrand went further and criticized the use of the word ‘allied forces’ in the meeting yet the word was only relevant in fighting Napoleon who was long gone. He argued that word should no longer be used against France because peace was prevailing and that France should be part of the Allied forces. During the proceedings of the
Introduction Born in February 4, 1913, Rosa Parks was and still is a human rights activist icon of all the time. Parks’ memories highlight an end to a black chapter in American history, which was littered with bestiality and utter violation of basic human rights. During Parks time, black Americans were only but ‘the other people’; to be seen and not to be heard, a set of people who could not enjoy the rights their white counterparts were enjoying in the United States of America in the twentieth century. Black Americans faced segregation in hotels, public accommodations and public transport to name but a few; moreover, abuse and mistreatment accompanied this denial of human rights. Nevertheless, Parks’ heroic act in the evening of December 1, 1955 in a bus in Montgomery Alabama brought a revolution that led to the famous Montgomery bus boycott and the subsequent birth of numerous human right activists’ movements, which led to review of laws that hitherto permitted segregation in public transport. Rosa Parks Story and Its Influences Park’s story influenced the world greatly. In the evening of December 1, 1955, Parks refused to offer her seat in a bus to a white man, something that led to her arrest. When the bus driver, James F. Blake threatened to call the police, Parks simply said, “You may do that” (Parks, 1992, p. 1). Sure, to his threats, Blake called the police and that is how Parks found herself in police custody for the rest of the evening. The humiliation of being whisked from a public bus into police custody notwithstanding, this event brought revolution, which led to numerous human rights movements across America and it became the mother of human rights activists across nations. As aforementioned, Parks’ act of defiance led to the famous 381-days Montgomery bus boycott spearhead by Martin Luther King. This boycott crippled public transport system for a long period and it brought attention to the world all over. Blacks in the United States of America and elsewhere knew that they were entitled to human rights just as their white counterparts
Mandatory algebra in middle school has occurred as part of a round of contemporary reforms in the subject area which has required the learners to deeply understand and implement the curriculum (Martinez, 2010). This is a deep change that has come on with a lot of impacts. Due to the long time that it takes for such a change to become a reality, poor personal motivation amongst the students proves a difficult task for the teachers. The change in the subject calls for a lot of discipline, motivation, and also courage from the students (Gottfried, 2010). Motivation has a critical importance in the learning process. In academics, intrinsic motivation plays a critical role in the learning process in the schools due to its inherent relation to the cognitive process of learning. Students tend to show increased motivation once some choices have been offered to them (Ma, 2010). Most of them align with the character’s motivation theory were, those who have confidence in themselves, tend to perform better in the subject as compared to their peers who have lower esteem. When the school focuses on tiered learning, it can be seen to be positively impacting the students’ performance. This mode which involves dividing the study into areas which the students feel overwhelmed with assists them in the improvement of their performance (Suarez, 2007). According to Gottfried (2010), mandatory algebra has then played part in changing the approach given to math causes more alienation to areas which students feel more comfortable with and at the same time approaching all the relevant areas. Tracking and its effects The kinds of methods that teachers follow in teaching their lessons play a big role in the learning of mathematics. Another critical factor is the content that is included in the lessons. Students need to be taught to fear failure using positive methods. Including the students in the learning process is thus very important. Mathematics teaching goes hand in hand with Eccles’ expectancy model. If tracking was to be enforced in a mathematics lesson, it is more likely that the low-graded students will have a low perception towards the subject and thus perform poorly. This tends to go against the motivation theory thus a negative development (Usiskin,
The nursing field has been reported to experience labour shortages in the recent past (Kingma, 2007). In most industrialized nations like the UK, the U.S, and Australia, there has been a discrepancy in the demand for healthcare services and the supply of healthcare services (Kingma, 2007; WHO, 2003). Because of the poor healthcare policy and resource allocation, these countries have been experiencing shortages as nurses are migrating to countries with better healthcare policy and well distributed resources. The inability to retain or attract midwives and nurses has led to the high labour shortages in nursing and midwifery practice (WHO, 2003). According to the current healthcare policy, the Medicare rebates for equity have been increased as well as the number of healthcare consumers in need of medical attention (Janda, 2012). Given that Medicare is offered in the public hospitals, healthcare providers and nurses in these hospitals will have to extend their services on the increased population seeking medical and other healthcare related services. However, the increase in number of people requiring healthcare services (consumers) is expected to affect the nursing sector industry as at currently the numbers of nurses are low (Weiner & Tilly, 2002). As a result, problems will be created since the high demand will result in decreased supply of services. Although this problem has been addressed by the policy, it is sidelined as it does not address the issue of nurse shortage in healthcare centers. The ‘baby bloomer’ generations are retiring and getting older characterized by chronic illness which require more healthcare attention and services (Weiner & Tilly, 2002). However, as the old retire despite their increased health needs, there exists a discrepancy as the number of nurses is getting low. Additionally, the nurses work in poor working conditions, and they are underpaid. The poor working conditions de-motivate the employees (nurses) and even expose them to diseases which jeopardize their health. Consequently, the nurses are migrating to other nations which have better working conditions and better pay. The salaries and retention fee rewarded to nurses and midwives are very low. According to WHO (2003), this has prompted nurses and midwives to take more than two jobs in order to sustain themselves. As a result, the act has led to high potential clinical error resulting from fatigue and long working hours. Therefore, there exists a battle as healthcare providers are unable to get adequate staff and funds to sustain the available nurses (Weiner & Tily, 2002). At the same time, the healthcare sector is unable to attract new nurses to provide the healthcare services. Reference List Janda, M. (2012). Warming health insurance changes cement two-tier system . Web. Kingma, M. Nurses on the move: A global overview. Health Service Research , 42(3), 281–1298. Weiner, J. M., & Tilly, J. (2002). Population ageing in the United States of America: Implication for public programmes. International Journal Epidemiology , 31 (4), 776-781. WHO. (2003). Nursing and midwifery wo