ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gordon Park in his life achieved the remarkable success that led to the empowerment of the African American people in the United States. In the history of journalism, Gordon Park is someone who remains an inspiration to many people because of his life that was admired by many. Born on 30 th November 1912 in a poor black African family in the state of Kansas, Gordon Spark was a well-known photographer, poet, writer, journalist, movie director, and a wonderful novelist. His works remain in the history of America as one of the pioneers in the field of journalism. This man in his early life was greatly inspired by his mother who believed that the fact that her son was born black was not a justification that he was out to fail in life. In other words, she believed that failure in life could not be justified by black originality. This inspiration motivated Gordon in the sense that from that point he began his ambition, hardworking and the spirit of never giving up in life that so he earns the kind of respect he commanded from the American people. He grew up in a highly segregated school system where even black athletes could not be allowed to participate in high school games. Due to the segregation, hate could have arisen from Park but he always insisted that his mother only thought of his love. This has helped the amoral people to maintain their peace an
Introduction Competition in the market increases everyday and business enterprises that produce substitute products and services introduce them to the market all the time. This has increased the market competition as the enterprises try to outdo each other. To ensure they achieve the competitive advantage, every enterprise plans its strategy to use in order to gain the market (Aaker & McLaughlin 2010). During the planning, the enterprises focus on consistent approaches that will offer their products or services competitive advantage in the market. They emphasize on issues that will help their products or services to outsell the competition. Similarly, the implementation of the market plan is as crucial as its planning (Aaker & McLaughlin 2010). Many enterprises formulate their market plan in a very competitive manner but fail in the implementation. This makes them to have a good market plan but they do not penetrate to the market due to poor implementation methods (Aaker & McLaughlin 2010). This paper gives a report of all natural nutritional drink –green fit market plan. The paper focuses on Australia as the target market and the generation born between 1965 and 1979 as the target customers. In addition, the paper addresses the current marketing situation in terms of market, product, competition, distribution and macro environment situation. Finally, the paper addresses the SWOT analysis of the company. Current marketing situation Market situation: Green Fit Nutritional Drink target for the year 2012 is the Australian market with the customer target being the people born between 1967 and 1979. In choosing the market, the company put various factors into consideration. The company did a market analysis that gave the overview of the market that guided the company in choosing the market and customer target (Klein 2007). In the analysis, the company realized that competition of naturally healthy products in Australia was not stiff as in some countries. The company objective in this market is to establish itself and ensure it penetrates to all parts that require naturally healthy products. In the analysis, Green Fit managed to identify a competitor in the Australian market who is not well established. The company has made the capture of the market their major concern before this competitor penetrates to the market. From the analysis, the company realized that majority of the people born between 1967 and 1979 need naturally healthy products that made the company to choose this people as the target customers. The company realized that Australian market did not have enough naturally healthy products and the demand for the products was increasing. The company understood that the majority
The psychological environment and stressful situations often prevent people from predicting further actions and behavior. The outcomes of suppression and stress can be different and, therefore, smoking cannot be expelled from the list either. In the article under analysis called I suppress, Therefore I smoke: Effects of Thought Suppression on Smoking Behavior , the authors dedicate their study to the evaluation of human behavior as well as the influence of stress and thought suppression on smoking behavior. The researchers have also explained the effects of controlling thoughts and emotions as well as have defined what consequences it can have for individual health. The main idea of the research is to define whether stressful situations, as well as excessive control of emotions and thoughts positively, affect the number of cigarettes smoked during a day. In order to conduct the research, the scholars resort to the sampling method and define the target audience via e-mailing and analyzing the questionnaires fulfilled by the chosen volunteers. The selected group is further subjected to other experiments designed for a period of 3 weeks. Gender and age characteristics have also been fixed. In addition, the participants have also been asked about the frequency as well as the negative effects triggering them to smoke more. Specific scales have been designed to find out the stress level and intensity of influence of negative situations on thought suppression. The individuals taking part in the experiment were divided into the suppression group, the expression group, and the controlled group. The findings have revealed that suppression groups smoked much less compared to other observed groups. Such a situation was typical for the participants of this group, irrespective of age and gender affiliation. Further, similar results were observed, despite the fact that the participants from the suppression group were told not to change their behavior, which provides the implications to believe that short-term suppression can be effective in diminishing the displays of unwanted behavior. Finally, the researchers have noticed the changes in the stress levels during all three weeks indicating that stress increases with the increase in suppression. In addition, the correlation between the attempts of the
Government should have supported Enron, a large energy corporation, because the company advocated strict global regulations and followed the environmental principle of energy distribution (Carney, 2006). In addition, Enron have significant influence on the government in Washington, which is the second reason why the government should have supported this company. In particular, by providing financial support, the authorities could have taken greater control of bureaucracy and bribes. At the same time, excess support of such large company as Enron could have hampered significantly the development of smaller businesses. In this respect, funding of Enron would have led to a shifted balance of small and big businesses. Another reason to withdraw funds allocation among big businesses lies in a possibility to support environmental and ecological reform because Enron would have had a direct impact on the polluted environment. Influence of Enron on Political Environment Enron actively engaged political leaders into their business activities to monitor the economic situation in the country (Milbank & Kessler, 2002). In particular, close relationships political leaders – Bush and Lindsey – and Enron company can be considered the brightest example of the company’s political influence on the government. The case presented above discourages authorities to support big companies because they can also have a negative influence on a democratic system in the United States. Specifically, having influential people to support corporate activities provides a seed of misunderstanding between the US people and the government since the former strongly believes in transparency and equality in making political decisions. However, in case political power had supported big company’s initiate to advance economy, such as the example of supporting the Kyoto protocol for climate change, Enron would have had a good impact on the US development. Analysis of a Free Enterprise System The benefit of a free enterprise business lies in providing private owners with freedom of choices (Meyer, 1997). Free corporate systems and business groups often pursue their own interest rather than focus on global development. Therefore, they can significantly hamper the global integration of company into the globalization process. Shifts in production process and business management can lead to decreased control of the government of the trade market and, therefore, an enterprise system develops apart from the overall economic context in the United States. Moreover, it can significantly change the course of orientation and crea
Abstract Deep-water horizon oil spillage that took place in the Gulf of Mexico had a massive impact on the environment. The spillage caused a massive pollution on the high seas, on air and on land. Statistics from various relevant authorities shows that this spillage massively affected aquatic lives, besides other destroying the ecosystem at the sea and along the beaches. Health experts have also confirmed that workers at this plant were exposed to benzene among other toxins. Benzene is a very dangerous chemical and those who are exposed to it may suffer serious medical consequences. The research looks at the statistics of those who were affected by this spillage, and how it was finally resolved. Introduction The Deepwater Horizon oil spillage, also known as BP oil spillage is the worst oil spillage to have ever occurred in the history of this industry. According to the reports by Steffy (2011), the oil spillage started in April 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico and would last for 87 days as it was finally sealed on July 15 the same year. The report says that the problem started when the Deepwater Horizon- a floating mobile drilling ring- exploded due to excessive pressure. This drilling ring was located in Mississippi Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico. British Petroleum was the principal operator of Deepwater Horizon. It is reported that on the fateful day of April 20, 2010, at about 9.45 at night, methane gas emanating from the well, rose to the drilling ring causing a lot of pressure on the ring. At this point, the gas was ignited which caused a massive explosion, engulfing the entire platform. When this took place, it is reported that about 126 members of the crew were onboard the Deepwater Horizon doing various operational tasks. Most of the members on board were employees of Transocean Company, which was contracted to operate the driller and a few employees of the British Petroleum Company. All those who were on board were thrown into the water when the explosion occurred. Eleven of the crew members were never found even after a search team was commissioned for almost a week. Others were rescued and treated for various injuries. Following this explosion, a massive oil spillage began, and it is estimated that the flow rate was about 62,000 barrels in a day. This was a massive amount of oil being released into the water. When the spillage was finally controlled, reports indicate that about 5 million barrels, an equivalent of 780,000 miters cube of oil had been released in the deep waters of this region. This makes it the worst oil spillage in history. The graph below shows the rate of flow for the first nine days. Rate of flow The impact of this oil spillage was massively destructive. The instant impact of this accident was the death of the eleven people who were on board this ill-fated drilling machine, and injuries of several others. The impact on the waters in this region, the coastal line in Mississippi, and other coastal states in the United States, the ma
In contemporary society, the problem of restoration of old works of art will always remain a hot-debatable one. Hundreds of attempts are having been made by restorers and art historians to come to an agreement on the extent to which the works of art should be restored and the way how it should be done. As Mike Daley of ArtWatch UK claims, there always exists “the temptation for all restorers … to prettify and to introduce their own tastes and interpretations” (BBC News), whereas the original value of this or that work under restoration can be lost forever if the authors of this introduction and interpretation fail to keep to the artist’s style. In this respect, the debate around restoring Michelangelo’s David for his 500th “birthday” in spring 2004 is a rather exponential one. The case aroused the row between restorers and art historians against each other over the best way to preserve the statue. James Beck, an artist, art historian, and founder of ArtWatch International argued that the clean-up is harmful to destroying the history of the masterpiece (NewScientist.com). Going by this artist’s position we also believe that old works of art should be conserved. Beck claims: We must conserve our rare works of art, maintain their integrity and their life, but we shouldn’t change their imagery without very serious philosophical debate – even if they have been abused in the past. At some point, you have to begin again with a tabula rasa. You have to say, OK, this is the object that has come down to us. Let’s all get together as a society and decide what we want from our past. Do we want our past to look like our present? Once we’ve come to a decision, we can work towards it. But at the moment the aims are haphazard because this debate has never taken place (NewScientist.com). Still, we believe that these are artists and scientists who are responsible for making this crucial decision. They should combine both the modern tendencies and the old achievements of the great artists following their original intentions. Conservatism should go along with modernism causing no harm to great masterpieces. Works Cited Beck, James. “ Restoration Drama. ” The New York Review of Books. 1992: 39.19. Web. “ Outcry Over da Vinci Restoration Plan. ” BBC News. 2001. MMIII. Web. “Restoration Tragedy.” NewScientist.com. 2008. “Restoring David.” ACFNEWSSOURCE. 2005. CBS Radio Network. Web. “Sistine Chapel Restored.” BB
In recent years, the transnational agencies launched a number of initiatives aimed at reducing worldwide poverty and improving international security. Criticizing the modernism and development theories which were used previously, the scholars made attempts to explain the major causes underlying the failure of the development efforts of the previous half a century. Refocusing on education development as the dominant discourse helpful for achieving the rest of the development goals is one of the most decisions made by the transnational agencies recently. This paper will discuss the criticisms of the development theories, the historical context of development efforts, the role of international and non-governmental organizations in multilateral education and solutions offered by contemporary scholars to enhance the effectiveness of the launched programs. Current sociocultural perversion marginalizing the poor In modern world, all governments make efforts to not only protect their citizens but also to ensure their access to the basic services, including those of safe drinking water, health care delivery and education. Regardless of the fact that a wide range of domestic state institutions, international agencies and non-governmental organizations launch projects to benefit the poor, the poor perceive formal services as inaccessible and ineffective. The politics of representation of the Third World has had a significant impact upon the development discourse and formation of culture and subjectivities in developing countries. Escobar (1995, p. 215) noted that the very existence and status of the Third World is currently negotiated. The term of the Third World was created as an opposite of the First World denoting the countries which consider them as developed. The term has a negative connotation and remains an important construct used by those in power. Notwithstanding the chosen definition of modernity, the Third World should not be perceived as a uniform entity, but rather as a fragmented and polarized combination of diverse regions. Since the 1980s, resistance to development expressed by the grassroots movements was one of the strategies through which the Third World made attempts to construct their unique identities. This struggle against the intervention of international organization aimed at modernization and globalization into the domestic affairs of the Third World was fundamentally cultural (Escobar, 1995, p. 216). Another approach used for negotiating
How does the solving of marketing related problems help me become a better marketer? Acquiring experience is a natural way of professional development. After learning the theory, one must apply the new knowledge to practice to train one’s skills and improve them in order to become an expert in a specific sphere. Since finding the solution for any marketing problem presupposes applying a specific theory to practice, it can be assumed that with every new problem that a marketer faces, (s)he trains more skills and becomes more experienced. It is also important to stress that the necessity to solve marketing issues on a regular basis leads to the ability of evaluating the organization’s strengths and weaknesses, as well as the opportunities and threats that an organization is most like y to face, more precisely. The situation in which a marketer has to deal with specific issues related to his/her work contributes to developing a specific strategy of approaching a problem. By establishing a plan to solve the company issues, a marketer shows that (s)he has learned the basic paradigm of handling the company issues. Thus, the transition from being a theorist to becoming a practitioner is carried out, which means that a marketer has entered a new stage of hi/her professional development. It can be argued, though, that dealing with marketing problems does not presuppose growing one’s experience. Indeed, marketing problems can vary; there are recurrent problems that need only a specific set of skills and, therefore, do not encourage a marketer to learn anything new. For example, a market analysis presupposes the use of the same analytical tools. The search for the existing niches, however, involves a combination of different approaches, which means that marketing skills are trained and perfected. It should also be mentioned that the process of seeking a solution for a specific marketing problem might turn out not as successful as planned; as a matter of fact, the entire search may end up being a complete failure. However, the latter is no reason to give up; instead, a good marketer should analyze the case and draw the necessary conclusions in order to avoid similar complexities in the future. Thus, it can be assumed that being a good marketing specialist does not presuppose enjoying an unceasing string of succes
Introduction Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the growth of the Kenyan economy. The sector created over 50% of the job opportunities that were created in 2005 (National Baseline Survey 2007, 216). However, despite the significance of the sector in the economy, statistics that have been collected in the past indicate that more than 60% of the businesses collapse during the first few months of operation (National Baseline Survey 2007, 222). Various reasons have been cited for the poor performance of SMEs; Amyx (2005, 86) cites negative perception towards SMEs as the primary reason for their poor performance. SMEs are often perceived by potential clients as being incapable of providing quality services or undertaking more than one significant project simultaneously. This has denied the SMEs business opportunities as clients prefer to transact business with a selected pool of large companies. Starting and growing a small business is a challenge in itself; there are both chances of success and failure. Due to their small size, a simple management mistake may result in the collapse of the business and hence the business is denied the opportunity to learn from its mistakes. The absence of planning, inadequate financing, and poor management techniques have been quoted as some of the major causes of the collapse of small businesses (Longernecker, et al. 2006, 516). The inability to access credit has also been identified as one of the main reasons that hinder the growth and development of SMEs (Oketch 2000, 316). In general, small businesses encounter exclusive challenges; these challenges adversely impact their growth and profitability and blur the capability of these small businesses to contribute meaningfully to sustainable development. Major challenges that affect these businesses are discussed below: Inadequate Managerial Skills and Experience A significant number of SMEs managers are suffering from a lack of managerial training and expertise. The typical SME owner manages the business from their homemade managerial approaches that are implemented on a trial and error basis. Thus, the managerial approach is more likely to be intuitional than analytical; the management is often concerned with the day to day management of the business as opposed to the long term factors that impact the business; and the approach is more opportunistic than tactical in its concept (Hill 1987, 212). Though the attitude is critical during the initial stages of the company since a lot of creativity is required to keep the business running, it may pose challenges when there are more complex decisions to be undertaken. Poor planning results in small busine
The story is about the construction of the transcontinental railroad. It talks about the risk -takers who financed the railroad, surveyors, those who protected the constructors, and managers of the construction of the railroad. Mainly, the book discusses the workers especially the Irish and Chinese, who assisted in the construction of the railroad along the United State. The workers underwent tough life during the building of the railroad. They lived under snow caves, which were not favourable for them. They lost lives in the caves especially during chaotic explosions and due to lack of food. People were prone to death since accidents like fire occurred frequently. As time went, technology was improving day by day and this was encouraging the establishment of railroads (Ambrose 20). Late at 1850s, trading was extremely difficult. This is because there was no way to carry items. People desired and encouraged the construction of railroads. They laid poor run on tracks which were highly risky to the cars that moved on them. The cars that were present during 1850s got extremely hot during the summer season and cold during winter. They also often caught fire. This made transportation a hard thing to take place. An engineer discussed the proposal on construction railroads with a politician-Lincoln or influenced the project. They both surveyed the route where to construct the railroads. During the construction, there were civil wars, which made it slow. This is among problems that risked lives of those who built and the engineers. The United States government had two companies-Union Pacific and the Central Pacific. In conclusion, the construction of railroads had a lot of problems as discussed in the book. Examples of those problems are hunger, adverse weather conditions, poor infrastructure, and death (Ambrose 85). Adverse weather conditions These conditions vary from one time to another. It is a problem that interrupted with the construction of the railroads during 1860s, and is also an expected problem in today’s constructions. Snow was a serious problem that made construction of railroads terribly hard. Climatical changes especially winter was the worst part of building of railways. This is because when workers dug tunnels, they could find them filled with snow the following day. Getting rid of it was the hardest task. Today, there are parts of