ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Job dissatisfaction is a negative feeling or response by employees to their jobs. Job dissatisfaction includes feelings of frustration, anger, resentment, and depression among others. This is a problem since it lowers the productivity of employees, increases employee turnover rates, and impacts negatively on the overall performance of an organization. To enhance the productivity and profitability of their organizations, it is crucial for employers to prevent job dissatisfaction among their employees. Job dissatisfaction has several causes such as underpayment, career stagnation, poor management, and loss of interest in a job. Employers will increase the productivity of their employees by addressing job dissatisfaction. Using the EVLN model of job dissatisfaction, predict and explain Wendy’s future action actions and recommend a strategy for Tanya The EVLN model has four steps; exit, voice, loyalty, neglect. The Exit step refers to employees transferring to other jobs, resigning from work, or leaving situations unattended. Voice is an attempt by employees to change a situation instead of escaping from it (Vangel 2011, p. 5). Loyalty is the situation where dissatisfied employees wait for solutions to a workplace problem. In the Neglect step, employees deliberately reduce their output, increase cases of lateness and absenteeism, and become unconcerned about the quality of their work.
Introduction The body that is involved with the understanding of scientific knowledge undergoes constant refinement and change. Major historical events that have occurred and scientific discoveries alter our understanding of the natural world. Scientific discovery is founded on the concepts of experimentation, study, and observation, which leads to new a understanding. Historical events such as earthquakes have led to new discoveries due to their ability to give real data that is subject to further study. Evolution refers to change that occurs across successive generations that bring forth diversity in biological organization, which includes individual organisms, species, and molecules Ridley (2009). Evolution is important in that the understanding and discovery of the process of evolution represents a major achievement in the history of science. Evolution has been confirmed through experiments and observation in major scientific disciplines. Evolution science is the basis of modern biology, which has opened the way for new types of agricultural, environmental, and medical research. How Science Works Observation This is through observing nature and asking testable questions concerning the natural world. Experiment Scientists test the questions through new observations and experiments after careful observation of nature. Confirming evidence After experiments, the scientists construct explanations of evolution based on the evidence that they have gathered. As the scientists get new results and further findings, they go on refining their ideas. In some cases, explanations previously made are altered when compelling and contradictory evidence is discovered. In some instances, the scientific explanations are well established such that no further evidence can alter them. In this case, the explanations are referred to as a scientific theory, which is a comprehensive explanation of a feature of nature that is supported by facts that have been gathered overtime. Therefore, evolution is anchored o
Below, you may read MLK’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” rhetorical analysis. It looks at different techniques, appeals, and methods used by the author in his work. Introduction On April 19, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr (MLK) wrote a detailed letter from Birmingham Jail in reply to some public releases which were directed at undermining his fight for civil equality. Most of the Martin Luther statements were very rhetorical, whereby he employed Aristotle’s kinds of persuasion to convince his audience. He made use of ethos, pathos, and logos, which are directed towards his own reputation and wisdom, to have the attention of the audience and to have the logic of influential thinkers, respectively. This “Letter from Birmingham Jail” Rhetorical Analysis Essay aims at defining a list of rhetorical devices used in the letter with examples. “Letter from Birmingham Jail” Rhetorical Analysis of the First Paragraphs Rhetorical devices are present from the first paragraph. In his efforts to promote civil rights on behalf of the American community, he starts by explaining his state of confinement in the jail, which is a clear indication of how the poor are suffering in the hands of an unjust society. He further states that he would wish to respond to their recent statements that his activities are unwise and untimely. This is meant to let the clergymen understand that Martin Luther King Jr. was well aware of their mind. He proceeds to say that if he decided to look at each criticism that comes through his office, he would have no time for his work. In this statement, Luther King wants to let his critics know that his civil rights work is far much significant than the criticism they have been directing towards him and that they would rather concentrate on their work since he has no time to direct towards their attacks. He also terms their criticism as genuine and set forth as a way of showing them that he can understand the reason behind their criticism. He further indicates in the second paragraph the fact that the clergymen have an issue with outsiders coming into the city, whereby he intends to let them know that though they are against him, many are on his side since he states that it was an invitation. This again appears in the fourth paragraph, where he says that as long as a person is within the United States, no one should claim that he is an outsider. He also states that “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian leadership conference” (King 1) to show them he equally holds a religious leadership position as they do, and he has the right to exercise his faith. What Type of Appeal Is Martin Luther King, Jr. Using from the Third to Fifth Paragraphs? In the third paragraph, he likens himself with Paul to make it clear that he is a prophet of freedom and liberation, just like Paul . Claiming that he has been sent by Jesus shows that he has a v
The poem, “We wear the Mask” by Paul Laurence Dunbar is my most favorite of the five poems provided. The poem provides me with intrinsic satisfaction when I read it. For instance, the message the poet provides through the poem is touching as it demonstrates clearly the picture of how the black people in America lived in pretence by hiding their agony and problems that they faced. The mask is a figurative word which refers to their confinement. Although the poem depicts a somber mood, I find it encouraging and motivating, as it provides a big challenge for those people who feel oppressed to rise up and defend their own rights. Pretence, the spirit the author postulates through the poem, provides encouragement and gives me the strength to carry on with my goals irrespective of the situations. Therefore, this poem has provided a clear picture of how the black people were treated thereby helping me in understanding the benefit of providing every race with the freedom to engage in activities without making their lives difficult. It has further clarified on the issue behind goodwill, as every person needs a peace of mind, love and part of the larger society. Notwithstanding, I acknowledge the author of his background and creativity in his compilation of poems. The poet is a well renowned author who has received acceptance from a multiplicity of poets and readers for producing good and quality chef-d’oeuvres. For Instance, his poem “We Wear the Mask” presents the situation in America during his time when he witnessed the way the blacks suffered in silent. Therefore, I like his poem because of the content, the educational aspect it carries and more importantly, the way he addresses his poem relating it to the daily occurrences of the time. Having composed it at times when racial discrimination was at par, the author seems keen while portraying the situation as it then stood. In addition, I favor this poem because of the way the author has adapted to simple language which is easily understandable. I am mean to believe that, the author was conscious about the audience in mind. The poem is written in a systematic and captivating way as author tries to bring out a clear picture of how the situation was which enhances understandability. His choice of words fosters clarity, as various people of different education levels have testified how easy it appears upon reading and understanding the poem. As for me, the poet uses simple words which make the message clear. For instance, in this poem the first line, “We wear the mask that grins and lies,” is simple. Any person sees how the “black Americans” lived a life of pretence as they could not rise up and defend their rights or comment on any issue that pertained to them. They lived in cocoons, denoted as ‘mask’ by pretending in order to void any instances of seclusion or harassment (Connelly and Trimmer 30). This simplicity and use of easy understandable languages explains the
Elements that need to be changed Radical innovation (RI) projects are characterized by high levels of uncertainty. Deducing from the case study, management and people need to change to adapt to new strategic approaches of doing things. Management should educate employees on new approaches of doing things and that should be stated in the organization’s mission and vision statements. Research has shown that management that has factored a culture of innovation in its RI strategy eventually becomes very successful. For the case study, people at different levels of the organization can get motivated and stimulated to be proactively involved in the change process. The organization needs to legitimize these changes so that when people come up with conflicting ideas, these ideas can either be dismissed or incorporated with a lot of care. In addition to that, management has to be fully committed in implementing new changes by presenting a united front in order to avert possible resistance to change particularly from employees. The organization’s strategic approach to RI also needs to be changed. One of these strategic factors includes a tactical approach in introducing the RI strategy. In addition to that, communication is a key component in getting employees to know what their roles and their involvement in introducing change in the organization are. The business structure can not remain the same when change has been introduced in this organization. Therefore, structural factors need to be changed. An organizational structure specifically involves horizontal and vertical hierarchies. A change in structure is indispensable so that the organization and people fit in the new organization. People factors include competence and skills, entrepreneurial approach to doing things, team work, and management’s involvement. On the other hand, external factors envisage the environment and how the organization under study interacts with it. In addition to that, process factors include the organization’s approach to implementing the RI, controls and how these controls are exercised. Technology is another element with a key role in the change process. Newer, cheaper, and cleaner technologies play an important role in product quality. The change agent The change agent in the RI process should be the leadership. Leadership should have the ability to enhance certain practices and destroy those practices that adversely impact on RI. An organization’s existing strengths can be enhanced to put it
To understand a work’s rhetorical power, it is important to comment on both its status as a personal essay and on the topics it conveys. Rebecca Mcclanahan’s titular essay Interstellar utilizes metaphors, analogies, and direct comparisons to discuss the topics of envy, sisterhood, beauty, and family favoritism. This analysis examines the ways in which the work explores these topics after re-establishing its genre as a personal essay according to the existing definitions common within the industry. As a genre of non-fiction, personal essays are frequently able to overlap with other literary forms due to their relatively loose defining characteristics. A personal essay is a genre form that seeks to communicate a significant life lesson learned via the author’s experiences. The essay frequently tells the story of a momentous event in the first person, and it may be written in a variety of genres, including formal essays and creative non-fiction. A personal essay can also be an opinion article, expressing one’s viewpoint on a certain political or social issue or topic of interest. The writer of this form of personal essay might identify the problem, offer answers, and then write a conclusion—which must include a key point. Whatever the writer says, it is a topic that he or she is interested in. Frequently, the writer tries to convey the truth or reality as he or she sees it, occasionally addressing questions that require no specific answer. The writer may as well investigate a subject from his own point of view. When expressing a personal opinion, it is imperative writer refrain from lecturing, preaching, or moralizing. In other words, the writer must offer their viewpoint in such a way that the readers may make an informed decision. With these concepts in mind, one might categorize the titular essay
Background In the current world, increasing pressure from problems that arise due to daily changes in the business sector is driving businesses towards finding alternatives to abate the problem. In fact, businesses are drifting further away from the old forms of thinking and incorporating sustainability programmes to create new market (Elkington, Schwab, & Hartigan, 2008). The changes witnessed in the current business world and the crazy search for new markets is driving entrepreneurship to have a new shift in leadership and management. Social entrepreneurship is like a hybrid that combines both commercial entrepreneurship and social aspects in an organization. Social change in entrepreneurship Failing governments and the lack of economic enterpreurship has driven the need for social entrepreneurship to rise (Wei-Skillern, Austin, & Leonard, 2007). Social enterpreurship is a form of enterpreurship that incorporates facets of both economic and social aspects in a business idea (Martin & Osberg, 2007). It is a venture that brings into account the activities that impact positively in a society bringing about social change. This shift in business paradigm occurred due to the existing suffocation of markets and the need for new markets. The urgency of these new markets has been brought about by the increasing competition faced by businesses. Although social entrepreneurship starts as a small venture or limited effort, it marks troubles with the local output but makes global significance. This includes provision of water, promoting micro-businesses, waste managing and the preservation of the environment. For example, the escalating growth of micro-industries in the world is due to social entrepreneurship (Zahra et al., 2008). The development of such ventures and their success has turned them to the spotlight and they have received scholarly attention. This scholarly attention has led to the need to formulate theories that explain this phenomenon (Kuhn, 1962). The idea of social enterpreurship offers a platform for alleviating world poverty through promoting social good (Yunus, 2007) The positive externalities theory It is important that any theory that tries to define the concept of social entrepreneurship should address the issues of value creation and value appropriation (Mizik & Jacob, 2003). The theory of positive externalities best explains the shift towards social enterpreurship. It is apparent that economic entrepreneurship cannot exist in a vacuum. This theory suggests that economic enterpreurship is not valid in areas where there are strong positive externalities. Basically, the assertion is that the potentiality for value creation is not marched by the potentia
The maintenance strategy that WidgetWorld will use in the next decade will largely define its ability to achieve success in the market (Hoke and Craig 28). That is why as an Assistant Maintenance Supervisor of this company, I engaged the Production Manager to come up with a strategy that will be used within the next decade. The Production Manager wanted the manufacturing plant to run without the one-week partial shut-down. However, the maintenance department is convinced that this partial shutdown for re-tooling is still very important. After lengthy deliberation, it was finally decided that the partial shutdown will be reduced from the current seven days to four days every summer. The decision was reached after putting into consideration a number of factors. First, it was obvious that partial shutdown after every year is important to review the system and upgrade the tools to ensure that operations are not disrupted in any way (Daya 37). It was also important to have a partial shutdown to review past performance and determine how to adjust the system to meet the following year’s target. During the summer, many people prefer taking a holiday so that they can spend time with their families (Stephens 48). It was, therefore, the best time to review the system because the workload was determined to be at its lowest level during this period. Finally, it was agreed that with the new technology and highly skilled workforce at the disposal of this firm, the duration for comprehensive maintenance can be reduced from seven to four days. The plan will be implemented in the same way it had been done in the past. When most of the employees have gone for the holiday, the maintenance team will be called upon to review the production plant. During this time, the production department will use information obtained from other departments, especially the marketing and finance departments, to determine how the production system should be adjusted to meet the set expectations. The main concern was that the current manpower at this department may not have the needed skills to upgrade the systems as per the expectations of other related departments. It was agreed that the manpower will be outsourced from specialized companies that will be required to come with their own equipment needed for the entire maintenance process (Yan 61). Our firm will only purchase materials needed to upgrade the system or other consumables needed once the system starts operations. The desire of the Production Manager was effectively accommodated by reducing the time taken for maintenance. Situations Where Unscheduled Maintenance May be Appropriate Unscheduled maintenance may be appropriate in a number of instances. Wireman says that sometimes a machine used in production may break down unexpectedly (45). When that happens, unscheduled maintenance may be unavoidable. The faulty machine will have to be repaired
Introduction Parole is a system whereby prisoners are granted conditional release after serving a certain length of sentence. This system was introduced in the American criminal justice system to decongest prisons with the hope that it would reduce the costs of having a large population of prisoners. With a prisoner population of more than 2.1 million as of 2005, American prisons (state and federal) registered an increase of about 600,000 prisoners from 1995 (Merlo, p. 675). The capacity of the prisons was less than the prisoners and the state of overcrowding in prisons made many prisoners be released before they completed their full term (after serving approximately 51% of their terms as of 2002 estimates). For instance, state prisons had an average capacity of 107% in 2005 whereas federal prisons functioned at a capacity of 134%. This would lead to early release of dangerous criminals who would almost predictably recede to crime. Other than the problem of failure to complete jail terms, overcrowding in prisons called for the building of more prisoners to accommodate a large number of prisoners and this translated to heavy costs to the economy. Instead of incurring billions of money to increase prison capacity, alternative solutions to prison overcrowding had to be applied and parole was among them. Parole is an effective means of criminal justice in American prisons since it saves taxpayers money. Main Body The cost-efficiency of parole is undoubtedly present as it saves money that would otherwise have been used in the administrative process if the prisoner is incarcerated. As of 2001, it was estimated that the cost incurred in maintaining a state inmate was approximately $22,650 thus totaling $28.4 billion required for the upkeep of all state prisoners. This was equivalent to a contribution of $100 for every American resident. These expenses were incurred in paying salaries and benefits, food service, and medical care among others (Merlo, 678). Unfortunately, the cost burden is borne by taxpayers when inmates are not granted parole whereas parole would offer an opportunity for prisoners to bear much of their costs. Other than the positive contributions attained by the prisons, society also gets a good chance to benefit from the paroled prisoners. While under the parole program, prisoners make a positive economic contribution to society. With an approximate 45,000 federal parole prisoners, the government can collect an estimated $10,000 in form of taxes per prisoner totaling the federal revenue to $450 million per year. An additional benefit of parole is that paroled prisoners go back into the workforce at an early age hence they get a chance to contribute to Social Security which they later benefit from. Such an advantage would be inexistent if prisoners are made to remain in prison and their release comes after they have attained retirement age. Such prisoners would benefit from the Social Security fund yet they contributed very little if any and the taxpayers would th