ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The controversial debate as to whether organic foods are healthier for human consumption has taken centre stage for the past six decades. The proponents of organic foods believe that organic foods have greater benefits as compared to conventional foods, while the opponents believe they have are unsafe. Under such circumstances, consumer research is paramount, as it is the one to establish what consumers say about organic foods. Amazingly, numerous consumer reports confirm what the consumers have been saying right from the start – that organic foods are not only nourishing and harmless but also, contains more savor than non-organic foods. Perhaps the question that we might ask ourselves is the kind of savors that make organic foods stand out from non-organic foods. In this case, it is imperative to consider different examples of foods. For instance, milk is richer, vitamins (fruits and vegetables) tastier, and cheese blurt out with extra cologne. Ironically, many people, especially those with old-school mentality, do not believe that organic foods have benefits unless and otherwise they taste for themselves. In fact, after tasting organic foods and finding how sweet they are, they find it hard to resume their earlier foodstuffs (Allen and Albala 288-289). Today, more people are increasingly becoming consumers of organic foods. This is because many people have noted the benefits of organic foods. Firstly, it is imperative to note that many people opt for organic foods because they are free of hormones, preservatives and chemicals. Secondly, people are becoming so much concerned with their health, and that produced and packaged foods are not good for the health of their children. The paper will examine various benefits associated with organic foods, which include better taste and health, environmental safety and animal welfare. Higher Nutritional Levels Researchers have conducted numerous studies in order to establish the difference in the nutritional levels of both organic and non-organic foods. Some of them have come out claiming that the two do not have any difference in terms of the nutrient content. The truth of the matter is these people are not saying the truth. In fact, it has come to the realization of many researchers that some reports are inconclusive, incoherent, contain a number of agricultural and analytical flaws, and tend to obfuscate real facts. Undoubtedly, organic crops contains trace mineral, which are fundamental to the bodies of human beings. Additionally, they contain vitamin C and antioxidant phytonutrients t
Introduction According to Neuwirth (1993), learning disabilities hamper the potential of the students to learn optimally. These disabilities tend to lock in the potential of the children, even though they may be well endowed intellectually. It is postulated that a child with disability consistently falls behind, despite trying very hard to catch up with the rest of the children in school. Most of these learning disabilities stem from the nervous system. Some of these conditions are hereditary but others may result from the environmental factors that the children interact with. A child having a problem in the nervous system will have a problem with receiving, synthesizing, and transmitting information. Some of the issues that could point to a problem in the nervous system include inability to sit still, inability to concentrate, and hyperactivity. Background It has been postulated that learning disabilities plays a very major role in affecting the ability of the child to learn successfully. Therefore, the relevant stakeholders must play a very critical role in helping the affected children to learn successfully. The first step in solving this problem is to ensure parents and teachers evaluate the children to assess if they have learning disability (Grant, Ramcharan and Flynn, 2010). If the problem is detected early enough, the child can be helped and continue with learning normally. Statement of the Problem This research aims to investigate whether learning disabilities can significantly affect the ability of the child to learn successfully. In addition, the paper will investigate any methods that could be used to lessen the impacts of learning disabilities during the learning process. Significance of Study The study will play a major role in shedding right on the effects of learning disabilities on the children. More importantly,
Ever since the events of 9/11, when two airplanes hijacked by Al-Qaeda terrorists crashed and collapsed the World Trade Center, the USA engaged in a fierce campaign of counter-terrorism, both within its own borders and abroad. The country spearheaded military operations against Islamic terrorism and any states are thought to be in coalition with the criminal religious groups. Now it is the year 2016, and the amount of pressure coming from the radical groups did not go down. Moreover, it grew. The echoes of explosions across Europe are heard in the United States. The government responds to emerging threats with more strong-arm policies, racial profiling, and anti-terrorism laws that violate the amendments regarding privacy and religious freedom. Despite the government’s statements that surveillance over the public is done with good intentions, there is very little reason to believe these invasive and expensive security measures would prove adequate or effective. The Department of Homeland Security was established in 2001. It molded several departments including anti-terrorism, border security, and natural disaster agencies into one large division. The Patriotic Act was signed the same year. This act largely expanded the definitions of what could be considered domestic terrorism and granted the state additional authority to apprehend the situation. At the time, these seemed like reasonable ideas, as America was too shocked and bewildered by the tragic events of 9/11. The people demanded action from the government. Now there is enough data to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies employed since 2001. The Patriotic Act (section 802) defines domestic terrorism as an act dangerous to human life, which violates criminal laws of the USA and is aimed to intimidate the civilian population and influence the government policies through coercion and intimidation. The definition is broad enough to declare almost any act of civil disobedience as domestic terrorism. Greenpeace, Wall Street protesters, and Vieques Island activists are all susceptible to this act. Section 806 of the same act is about the seizure of any assets of people suspected to be involved in
Introduction Objective The objective of the report is to demonstrate the occurrence of alternation of generation in a fern plant. Specifically, it entails the haploid generation, which is the development of spores through meiosis, and the diploid generation, which is the development and maturation of sporophytes through mitosis. Background Fern is a unique plant that exhibits alternation of generation in its reproductive cycle. The alternation of generation means the existence of both sporophyte and gametophyte generations in the productive cycle of the fern. Sporophyte generation is a diploid generation that undergoes meiosis and leads to the formation of spores. The formed spores comprise a haploid generation that undergoes mitosis, which leads to the formation of gametes. The fusion of the male and female gametes results in the formation and development of a sporophyte, which shifts to the diploid generation and the devolvement of spores. The sporophyte generation is not only a dominant generation but also visible, while the gametophyte generation is a tiny generation that grows independent of the sporophyte. Therefore, the experiment demonstrated the occurrence of the alteration of generation in a fern plant. Results Life Cycles Diploid-haploid cycle Unicellular-multicellular Cycle Mitosis-Meiosis Cycle Description of Observations First Period (Day 0) Figure 1: C-Fern spores magnified 900 times The observation of the fern spores under the microscope revealed their shape and conformation. Visibly, fern spores appear oval and rough when observed under the microscope when magnified 900 times. Figure 1 depicts the shape and texture of the fern spores. In the life cycle, these spores are the products of the meiosis, have haploid chromosomes (n), and are unicellular. Second Period (Day 4-7) Figure 2: Spores spread on the media in the Petri dish The observations of the spores spread on the media on the fourth to seventh day indicate spores being the same as the first period. However, some spores appeared larger than the previous spores, which means that they have absorbed water and started germinating. Moreover, some spores appeared green and larger than the first spores; hence, indicating that they had germinated. In the life cycle, the spores are in the mitotic phase, which is the division and growth of cells into a multicellular gametophyte. Third Period (Day 8-14) Figure 3: Germinated spores The observation of the Petri dishes shows that the spores have germinated and grown. The germination of the spores is evident as there are green patches on the media, as shown in Figure 3. In the life cycle, the growth of the fern is at the gametophyte phase, where the gametophytes grow and mature. Figure 4: Appearance of gametophyte under the microscope The examination under the microscope shows green and white patches, which reflect different parts of the growing gametophyte (Figure 4). The structure of the green structures depicts that the stage of development is the mitotic growth of the gametophyte. Fourth Period (Day 14-21) At this period, gametophytes ha
Introduction The article discussed in this paper observes the 2017 firing of James Damore, a software engineer at Google. He wrote and posted a memo that discussed the differences between women and men, citing scientific evidence suggesting that men as a whole were inherently better suited for software engineering than women. Damore explicitly stated that his intent was not to call into question any of his female coworkers’ abilities, as the research was not useful for predicting individual traits. However, he also made the case that seeking to achieve perfect equality in the numbers of men and women among software engineers was counterproductive and dangerous. For writing the memo, Damore was fired, with Google’s CEO, Sundar Pichai, stating that it advanced “harmful gender stereotypes in our workplace” (Singer 2017, par. 2). The article’s author, David Singer, challenges the decision, claiming that it was against Google’s own policies and based on a false premise. While I agree with the fundamental logic of the argument and do not believe that James Damore should have been fired, I have also identified an issue in his argument related to the interpretation of Damore’s premise. Main body Singer begins his argument by questioning the stated reasoning Sundar Pichai used to justify the firing of James Damore. While the software engineer discussed gender stereotypes, the point of the memo was to show that they have scientific support. Damore provided studies that served as evidence for his conclusions, and Pichai did not discuss their validity. Singer’s (2017) claim is that, should the stereotypes prove accurate to reality, it would be harmful to ignore them and discriminate against men for equity’s sake rather than to acknowledge them. The other point of Singer’s argument is that, despite Sundar Pichai’s claims, James Damore tried to avoid targeting the women currently working for Google. He explicitly stated that the findings could not be applied to specific individuals, and Singer (2017) adds that the women chosen under Google’s exacting standards were likely atypical for their gender in any case. As such, Damore’s findings would not apply to them, especially because he had only discussed new hirings and the policies that they should follow. Singer concludes that the only people who were harassed and intimidated at Google were Damore and those who shared his views. While Singer is fundamentally correct in his facts, he ignores the broader implications of the argument Damore was making. Software engineering is similar to many other professions in two regards: it is extremely well-paid, with even junior Google workers paid several times the national average, and it is dominated by males. The findings of Damore’s literature review, especially those about stress tolerance
Introduction COVID-19 has been a topic under discussion since the first cases appeared and remain one of the most discussed themes in the present. Its unexpected appearance has puzzled many, as most people were unprepared to face it. With recent shifts in treating this disease and forming the proper protection against it, there is an expectation that humankind may one day live in the manner it used to. However, it is vital to assess better the damage done in different aspects of life to understand the world after COVID-19 better. COVID-19 has affected the world extensively and has appeared to be a significant issue, leading to many significant changes in people’s lives. The Impacts of COVID-19 In discussing the world’s future, it becomes essential to examine the aspects of life that the disease has affected the most and changes that happened or are to happen because of it. Particularly, COVID-19 as a disease has primarily affected many areas of the economy and, most importantly, human health in general. In addition, there are modeled scenarios forecasting the future life after COVID-19, specifically in the United States, which is also worth mentioning. Examining the aspects of alterations might be helpful for further understanding of the issue on the surface. The global pandemic had infiltrated a significant part of people’s lives, but most importantly, their health. Some of those directly impacted by the coronavirus have yet to regain their abilities, while some were not as fortunate to survive the disease. The human losses were numerous and later led to mental health decrease in people regarding the fear of pandemic. The survivors of COVID-19 are also suffering the consequences and the recovery period happens to be longer than expected. According to Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group (GA COVID, 2020), the recovery length depends on the extension and severity of the attacks in organs and cells. Although there is a lot of research done in the area, the clinical picture of the infection appears to be quite vague. Further information regarding the consequences of COVID-19 might be better obtained through an interdisciplinary approach, as the disease affects multiple organs apart from its primary focus, which is the lungs. Therefore, considering the long-term outcomes of the disease, its impact on people’s health is massive and remains one of the concerning factors in the
Each profession has a number of problems and difficulties and to succeed people are to search for the ways of solving those problems. It is much easier to consider the problems connected with the peculiarity of the profession than to solve the ethical issues. When people face an ethical problem, they usually feel more difficulties as in this case professional knowledge is not enough and personal values are to be involved. One of the most frequently met ethical issues in the professional world is the conflict of interests. This is the problem which seems rather complicated for many employees and especially for scientific workers. Trying to define the problem of the conflict of interests within the professional of a chemical researcher, the specific examples are going to be considered with the possible ways of solving those situations. Defining the notion of the conflict of interests, it is possible to predict that conflicting interests are involved (Davis, & Stark 2001). Defining the nature of those interests, Maurissen (2005) points to the following interests, financial and nonfinancial. Financial interests are usually related to employers or other employees, consultants, etc. Non-financial interests are usually connected with the family, colleagues, etc. Trying to define the conflicts of interest, Maurissen (2005) offers two following definitions, “an individual has a COI when there is a conflict between his/her private or institutional interest and his/her official duties in a position of responsibility or trust” and “an individual is in conflict if he/she owes a duty of loyalty or responsibility to two distinct entities or individuals, both of which are likely to be affected by the scientific activity in which the individual is engaged” (p. 11). These two definitions are closely related to the scientific world. Much research has been conducted within the problem of the conflict of interests in the scientific sphere. The results of such research are devastating. Some scientists cannot continue their duties after the conflict of interests appears as they shift to another motivation which is more beneficial for them personally. Krimsky, and Rothenberg (2001) have conducted a research with the purpose to study “the extent to which scientific and biomedical journals have adopted conflict of interests polices for authors, and whether the adoption and content of such policies leads to the publishing of author’s financial interest disclosure statements by such journals” (p. 205). The results of such research show that only 16% of scientific and biomedical journals had the conflict of interests policies. It means that only 16% of all, the journals which exists in the scientific world are interested in the fairness and necessity of the obtained results. “Career advancement, independent funding, and personal or professional relationships” (Keeping it real 2007, p. 185) are considered the most commonly used conflicts of interests scientists face. These conflicts may be considered and solved is a scientist is interested in the issue. Many
A profile article is an academic paper that aims to explore a person’s character or group/business background. The peculiar feature of any profile paper is the ability to analyze the chosen subject using personal interests, educational or even family backgrounds. One of the powerful examples of a profile article may become an article by Michael Lewis The Ballad of Big Mike that represents a story of life and success of Michael Oher, whose past and surname was too odd (Lewis 1). With the help of the strategies and information of this article, it is quite possible to learn one of the most serious lessons on how to create a captivating profile paper, what strategies are better to use, and what kind of information can make a paper more powerful. After reading the article under consideration, it is possible to find out that the author made use of several different researching and writing strategies. The author properly identifies the subject of his article and presents enough background information about Michael Oher. To achieve success from the very beginning, it is very important to use those researching strategies, those results lead to a clear identification of a subject and representation of its worth. This is why the success of any research strategy is the presence of clear backgrounds. Writing strategies have to be a proper continuation of the already used researching strategies in order to introduce the ideas according to the way they intend. To succeed in writing, it is
Introduction Asia is known for its rich cultural and national identities. Asians derive their sense of nationality and identity from their daily lives. Gender and sexuality are some of the areas where Asians find their identity and citizenship. This essay discusses how gender and sexuality are implicated in the construction of identity, citizenship, or community in an Asian perspective. Body Gender is a term that is used to refer to roles performed by men and women. The roles are learnt by young people as they grow, and are often prescribed by culture. There are roles for men and other roles for women. Sexuality refers to individual sexual tendencies, beliefs, experiences, and advocacy. Sexuality denotes experiences and is revealed in thoughts, attitudes, values, desires, and beliefs which can be expressed. Sexuality is developed when people interact with one another socially, politically, religiously or culturally. Sexuality is influenced by ethics, spirituality, and culture (Toffler 1980). Peletz (2011) mentions that cultural practices in Asia that go hand in hand with genders are still being practiced. There are a few changes that have emerged with modernization. Women’s role as care givers is still being practiced, although women have joined men in providing for their families. Women now get educated and work with men. According to Misra and Chandiramani (2005, p. 17), Asian states gain their identities by exercising the rights of all groups in the society. Women have their rights to make choices on matters of their sexuality. This extends to their healthcare needs and reproduction. They exercise their freedom from being discriminated or coerced to do something because of their gender. National laws that protect women are stipulated. International laws that protect women rights are recognized and safeguarded in Asian countries. Men and women in marital union have the right to space and get the number of children they desire. Moreover, they are free to choose the family planning practices that are suitable for them. The decision to attain the highest standards of reproductive and sexual health is on their hands (Misra and Chandiramani 2005, p. 18). Access to healthcare should not be discriminatory. There are cases of people being discriminated because of their gender, sexual health (in the case HIV positive), political view, social status, disability, and sexual orientation. The vice is strongly discouraged by the government and stakeholders fighting for human rights. When the government encourages equality, it creates a sense of identity and citizenship among the citizens. Thornburgh and Lin (2002) mention that there are initiatives by the government to create opportunities for all. The initiatives also encourage peop