ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The occurrence of a crime dictates that a given law has been broken and someone has been affected directly or indirectly. This study aims at establishing the causes that motivate people to commit crimes. After establishing the causes of crime, the study aims at establishing whether understanding the causes of crime can help in reversing this vice. It is clear that crime in the US is a major problem that requires to be addressed. From the research conducted on the crime trends in the US, it was found out that the rate of property crime in the country has reduced tremendously in comparison to the United Kingdom, Canada, and other Western European countries. However, in comparison to violent crimes, crime rates are relatively higher in the country than in the other western democracies which prompts the studies to evaluate the root causes of this problem. Definitions of Crime The lexical definition of crime defines it as any act or failure to act as one had been requested or is obliged. This failure to act constitutes an offense if it hurts directly or indirectly any interested party. This offense can be punished in a state using the state’s statutory regulations. Crime can be defined using the legal fraternity dictionary as the absolute violation of the laws of a country. This violation results in hurting the public or an individual and thus is punishable as per the stipulated laws Causes of Crime The reasons why people commit crimes is a complex topic to evaluate because of the diversity in the world socio-cultural and socio-economic differences displayed by the various societies. In order that we may understand this better, the classical theory will be used to illustrate what really motivates people to commit a crime. It is also important to note that many countries in the world have been experiencing drastic increases in crime rates. The lash and secure neighborhoods in the country are no longer safe and serene places to live anymore. The global rise in crime necessitates that criminal justice experts come up with mitigating measures to ensure that the issue of rising crime rates is addressed. Crime trends should also be used to evaluate the possible causes of increasing crime rates. For instance, in the United Kingdom, home invasions and burglary have hit a higher recorded mark than in the US. There is a need for criminal justice experts to come up with solutions that are tailored to address the issue of crime in their localities. Literature review on the causes of crime The study of the possible causes of crime can be traced from 3700 years before Christ were the Babylonians tried to explain the reasons that motivated people to commit crimes (Fitzgerald, 2001). Later on, in the early 18th century, European missionaries and colonialists are recorded to have stated that crime and sins as per their religious orientation are one and the same thing. To the early missiona
Coaching Approach Employed The organization undertakes coaching at various stages and levels with the sole purpose of exploring employee potentials. The senior management understands that many workers might be willing to give everything to the organization to ensure realization of major aims and goals, but lack of sufficient skills, strategies, and knowledge might be the hindering factor. Therefore, the organization employs coaching as one of the ways through which workers can maximize their talents to realize both organizational and individual goals (Smither, & London, 2009). The management undertakes coaching to enhance the performance of employees, especially when their skills are no longer applicable in carrying out the required tasks. Additionally, the management sets out coaching programs to improve employee skills proactively, as they are needed in tackling the challenges that the assignments at workplace present. Based on this, the organization employs proactive coaching mainly to develop the talents of employees. Under proactive coaching approach, the coached and the coach have to be positive if they are to attain a pleasant experience. The employee gives negative feedback to enable the coach to design the discussion to suit the suits needs of the workforce. The employee is equipped with necessary skills in advance, as this will help the worker in tackling the tasks efficiently. The coach gives the employee a chance to approach the responsibilities individually before moving in to give some technical assistance, as this will permit the worker to do the work skillfully and passionately. Instructing employees to follow orders and the laid down regulations will definitely result in poor performance since there would be no room for innovation and creativity (Homan, Miller, 2008). When the manager gives the employee a new assignment, he or she is often anxious to take it on and deliver excellent work, something that en
Introduction During the 19 th century, conflict between the ancient and modern art emerged. As a matter of fact, the century witnessed the beginning of radical changes in the field of art (Galenson ‘painting outside the Lines’ 45). It was also during this century that industrial revolution began in France whereby some artists embraced romanticism of art as the prime subject (Cork 428). In line with this, change of impression on art equally faced myriad of conflicts since some artists inclined towards what was referred to as traditional realism. These traditional artists rebelled against the new wave of change in the wake of modern art. Needless to say, radical changes experienced in the work of art have challenged, altered and also expanded people’s perception on what constitutes art and an artist (www.all-art.org). For this reason, modern work of art has never been pedestal to be cerebrated in the same wave as ordinary art (Galenson ‘painting outside the Lines’ 49). This paper aims at discussing the historical challenges, alterations and perceptions evoked among individuals in regard to art and artists. Moreover, it will also shed light on the several works of art that have been executed alongside their artistic agenda. As part of the contemporary culture and societal norms, works of art have been speculated altered and widely exposed to the various channels of information such as media houses due to different attitudes evoked from the current era’s artists (Galenson ‘painting outside the Lines’ 65). Although the present form of art bears its roots in the 19 th century, there are several phenomena that have shaped it to its current state. Therefore, contemporary art has been subject to critique in society. Meanwhile challenges, alteration and perceptions of art since 19 th century can be understood better by discussing several artists whose works have been executed in history (Cork 428). It is imperative to note that this century marks the age of enlightenment where people’s altitude begun to change. The pursuit for art was no longer based on skill and knowledge but toward the taste and beauty (Cork 428). Vividly, artists in the century came up with theories against the rising tides o
Building and sustaining high performance business organizations is a crucial success factor for both manufacturing and services institutions. With the current trend of transformations in the business world, notably as a result of the many changes in technology, there are numerous ways through which entrepreneurs can establish and sustain high performance strategies in business. There are countless factors which can be implemented by business organizations in the wider business world, to build high performance in all segments of productivity. Quality management is arguably one of the key factors to consider when it comes to creation and sustainance of high-performance business organizations (Moody and Shanks 633). This is an effective factor whose consistent application can result to the best strategic and tactical outcomes in business. Quality management is one of the upcoming trends that have continued to make outstanding transformations in the contemporary business world. Through this concept, modern day businesses have been able to address the uncertain business environment which is presented by the faster and disruptive changes currently affecting the global populations. Quality management simply refers to activities which are involved in the determination of quality policies, and their applications in business through ways such as quality assurance and quality planning. Quality control and improvement are some of the main processes involved in the implementation of the practice within business organizations. The main objective behind quality management is to oversee all tasks that are needed to achieve a desired level of success in meeting the expectations of the customers. As a matter of fact, quality management is just what modern businesses need to cope with the many challenges presented by the rising pressure of environmental factors affecting the business world nowadays. This quality management research paper features Sony Corporation, as one of the global companies which utilizes the concept of quality management in shaping their business position in the competitive business world. Contribution of Quality Management Frameworks in the success of organizations The current business environment faces many challenges. Business entrepreneurs in all levels are facing increased demand for heightening social responsibilities, technological changes, and strategic thinking ways which have changed greatly over the years. Increased trends of competition and globalization have also been top among the factors which continue to pressurize the global business arena. With all these demands, there is a need for modern businesses to adopt effective operational policies that will help to build, manage and sustain high performance business organizations in all levels of accountability. Today, high-performance corporations such as Sony, which has come to realize the value of employing quality management in
Ward reports the widespread invasion of homes in Washington D.C. by an insect that releases a pungent smell whenever it is touched or threatened by its enemies. The insect is therefore commonly referred to as the stink bug. The author of this article highlights clarification from experts in the field of entomology to describe the stink bug as regards their invasion pattern, their potential harm, ways of handling or avoiding the insects, and general information about stink bugs. According to Ward (para 1), stink bugs are “smelly, pesky bugs…and when you try to kill them, they just smell worse.” The author has correctly reported that stink bugs are mainly a nuisance during winter and they spread all over during the warm periods. There is, however, contradicting reporting on the reason for the bugs invading homes during the winter. While the author reports that the pests simply seek refuge and not necessarily warmth, Robinson (211) indicates that they invade houses during winter in search of warmth. The stink bugs have accurately been identified scientifically as Halyomorpha halys , although the author has not adhered to the scientific rules of naming organisms i.e., the author has not capitalized the first letter of the genus name and has not written both the genus and species names in italics (Ward, para 4). The stink bug is a pest which is commonly known as the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug and is a Hemiptera that infests plants that bear fruits, causing damage on leaves and fruits (Denlinger & Richard, 354). This article does not exaggerate stink bugs as scary pests, since it correctly presents the bugs as smelly insects which are mainly a nuisance to human beings. Moreover, the author goes ahead to present the bugs as a threat to farmers due to their destructive nature on fruits and vegetables (Ward, para 9). It is reported that stink bugs are a threat to grapes and cause considerable losses in farm produce by damaging fruits, hence making them unsuitable for sale (Jacobs 12). In this regard, the article is not a form of scare to the reader since the stink bug is not only a real nuisance to humans but also a destructive pest to farm produce. Gill, Klick, and Kenney (1) indicate that the Halyomorpha halys that came into the U.S. from Asia has spread into more than 26 states. It is stated that in addition to being a nuisance by overwintering in houses, the pest has injured various fruits and vegetables. The stink bug has been found to feed on cucumber, sweet corn, peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, and cucumber among other fruits and vegetables (Denlinger & Richard 354). It is worth noting that the damage inflicted on fruits and vegetables attracts even more pests, thus the Halyomorpha halys can be viewed as a potentially destructive pest. This article highlights that the pest can be prevented from entering homes by sealing off any openings, and this is in line with scientific advice that indicates sealing openings using silicone as a preventive measure. The article also advises on the use of vacuum cleaners to suck
Background Many study reports have explicitly explored the imaginable impact of oil spills on marine flora and fauna. The nautical milieu may suffer from noxious and somatic smothering effects caused by oil spills. The intensity of aquatic effects is influenced by the nature and extent of the spilt oil. Besides, the severity might be influenced by the sensitivity and ambient state of the pretentious marine and their surroundings to the lubricant spilt. As depicted by the media fraternity as ecological disasters, the spillage of oil causes direct and indirect outrageous effects on aquatic life. This poses awful consequences and anguish to the existence of aquatic ecological unit (Etkin, 2001, p. 1291). Statement of Purpose Studies have hardly explored the consequences of oil spillage on maritime animals. This report incorporates the pollution of habitat, intensified predation and dwindled production as well as internal mutilation and poisoning as caused by oil spillage on water bodies. Topic definition This report tries to narrow down the effects of oil spillage as influenced by an assortment of features like climate and other ecological conditions. The report is divided into sections. Under habitat fouling, the report discusses the effects of oceangoing atmospheres including seaside and offshore waters, inshore shallow waters, and shorelines. In addition, plankton, fish, and maritime reptiles and mammals are discussed based on the intensified predation and reduced reproduction. Finally, the report confers the environmental effects on sea grass, corals, and mangroves about internal mutilation and poisoning. The impacts of oil spills on marine life The general impacts
Introduction Over the past century, aviation has become a critical industry all across the world. Due to globalization, people and goods need to travel at a faster pace through longer distances. As air transportation increases in volume, implementing safety measures in aviation is a major concern for government agencies all over the world. The amount of general aviation accidents per year has been steadily declining over the years. The National Transport Safety Board (NTSB) however notes that the relative portion of general aviation accidents due to weather-related issues has remained steady, ranging from between 6% to 9% of annual general aviation accidents (National Transport Safety Board [NTSB], 2014). Historically, about 66% of all weather-related aviation accidents are fatal, a rate that is three times higher than the overall fatality rate of general aviation accidents (Kulesa, 2002). In 2014, there were 1213 general aviation accidents in the US, with 253 being fatal involving 405 deaths (General Aviation Manufacturers Association, 2015). According to the NTSB, over 25% of all these fatalities occurred during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Since the weather is a frequent cause for general aviation accidents, it is important to understand the mechanism with which it poses a threat to aviation and develop possible solutions to counter these threats. This paper looks at the accident involving Continental Airlines Flight 1404 and looks at how the weather played a part in the events surrounding the accident. The paper will also develop several recommendations based on the analysis of the case. Background Continental Airlines Flight 1404, departed from Denver International Airways on 20 December 2008. The plane utilized the left side of runway 34R but a post-crash fire ensued during take-off. According to the NTSB accident report, the initial preflight procedure proceeded as usual. After the pilots completed all the preflight checks, they taxied towards the runway without problems. The local traffic controller informed the pilots that the wind strength was 27 knots from 270 0 (NTSB, 2010). The pilots received clearance to take off from runway 34R at a departure heading of 20 0 . After acknowledging the clearance, the first officer advised the captain on the power settings based on the data offered about wind conditions. At the time of acceleration, both the captain and the first mate observed that clouds were rolling in at a fast place and that the wind was picking up. During acceleration, when the plane had reached a speed of about 90 knots, the airplane began shifting towards the left of the runway. Investigations by the NTSB revealed that the airplane veered left 2600 feet away from the approach end of runway 34R (NTSB, 2010). It then crossed an adjacent service road and taxiway before stopping near the airport’s fire station, at a heading of about 315
Facebook can be considered a suitable example of a discourse community because this social media gathers millions of people throughout the world who share values, assumptions, and ways of communication. Its unique feature is that it unites people who are users of the same social media platform. Thus, the selected discourse community has a few peculiarities, including rules, specific language, types of interaction, and contribution to society. Since Facebook is a legal body, it is not a surprise that it has specific rules that govern users’ behaviors. This statement refers to the fact that community members cannot distribute nudity, knowingly false statements, “all threats, and calls to violence” (Haselton par 5). With this, the community shares specific language, including ‘followers,’ ‘likes,’ and ‘posts’ (Kim and Vorobel 278). This information demonstrates that the community deals with pertinent phenomena. The terms also imply how members can interact with one another. For example, an individual can post something, while others can respond to it by leaving likes or writing a message. Now, this social media is widespread, denoting that the people outside the community are familiar with it, assuming that this community represents a vast part of society. Simultaneously, one cannot state that any specific music, food, or art is associated with the community because it grasps all the manifestations of pop culture. Thus, the community represents a significant part of society, allowing people to disclose information and share their opinions. In conclusion, Facebook is an example of a discourse community since social media users have shared goals, means of communication, and lexical units. All the members abide by the same rules and distribute general cultural achievements. This information demonstrates that even those individuals who are not members of the given community are well familiar with its unique principles. It denotes that the Facebook discourse community is an integral part of modern soci
The short story, I Stand Here Ironing by T. Olsen, portrays the hardship and low status of women in society, poverty, and the realities of working poor women. Olsen depicts the common oppression of women and resistance through maternal bonding and nurturing. It is possible to say that Olsen succeeds in creating a space for women to articulate themselves and their feelings. Thesis I Stand Here Ironing is based on the similar theme of the low social status of women in society but depicts different outcomes and conflict resolution. I Stand Here Ironing describes the memories of a single woman with several children and her young years when children were small. She tries to analyze her behavior and mistakes and tries to imagine what she would have done differently in order to create a happy life for her children. She finds that her children were deprived of support and love, care, and trust. Olsen states that these problems are caused by oppression and low status of women, gender gap, and male dominance in society. The children suffer from misunderstanding and lack of care while a single mother suffers from an inability to earn for living and low wages paid for women. The mother recollects “After a while I found a job, hashing at night … so I could be with her days“ (Olsen 3). This quote allows us to say that Olsen presents a constructed and discursive identity by having her woman character take on the role of a mother and a poor worker. Olsen seems to regard the woman’s role as an inescapable fate. In her struggle to extricate her family from the situations, she does not blame the other people who made such arrangements but the society and social traditions. For instance, the mother lost a connection with her daughter Emily working hard all her life and having no time for her children. She asks herself: “What in me demanded that goodness in her? And what was the cost, the cost to her of such goodness” (Olsen 6). This quote shows that the social culture places the family at its heart, as the experience of the women in this situation demonstrates, its attitude toward women begins in the more fluid modern world to tear away at this fundamental unit, making the difficulty of mother-daughter bonding a crucial problem for the culture as a whole. Olsen vividly portrays hardship and life grievances faced by a single working mother. In contrast to Olsen’s main character, the children do not suff