ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human emotions are divided into 3 main emotions which are physiological, perceptual, and interactive. Physiological perceptions are such as being happy, sad, angry, and so on. Perceptual emotions are based on our perception of what we think of a situation. This varies according to individuals. A perceptive person would analyze a situation, think of all the possible outcomes/thoughts/ideas before one reacts. However, an interactive person would view a situation and immediately give a reaction to it without thinking. The two most common perceptions are perceptual and interactive. Most people would either take time to think or react on the spot. This is most commonly seen during a fight. For example, in school, if we fight with a friend, we wouldn’t talk for some time. Why? This is because after a fight, most of the time, the people involved would take time to analyze the situation. Personally, one of these incidents happened when I was in school. During a small argument I had with my friend, we both became passionately involved in our arguments which caused it to become a fight. Then, me being the quieter one just walked out of class and took a walk alone away from my friend. This allowed me to think about what happened and who’s fault was it whereas my friend had been expressing her anger by talking about it to the other kids around. But in the end, we both realized it was just a silly argument and there was nothing to fight about it! From the above situation, we can see how the two perceptions works. For the perceptive situation, one tends to take time to think about a situation. This allows the person to think of the positive and negative outcomes of a situation which will then allow the person to judge the situation and think carefully before they react. However, if a person is interactive, that person would immediately react according to how they feel, expressing their emotion. A person who expresses their emotion never holds back, this could be sad or happy situations. They are the ones who would be crying for joy or sorrow, as well as laughing out loudly or expressing their anger in front of the person they are angry with. These perceptions can also be influenced by other factors such as environment, family situations, and so on. Thus, a perceptive person would be a calmer person and the people around this person would find it hard to guess what is on their mind. They may tend to keep more things to themselves in order not to hurt the other person, however, this may be accumulated and this may result in a sudden blast one fine day when this person is pissed or had a bad day. On the other hand
The Unified Messaging System The unified messaging system is traditionally defined as a messaging system, which allows keeping all the incoming messages in a single box. As a rule, the subject matter is defined as the “service that makes several forms of communication available from a single user interface” (Dean, 2014, p. 444). In other words, it does not technically unify all the information elements that users receive over a specific time period, but, instead, stores them in a single location. UMS serves as an efficient means of protecting the users’ data from being stolen. Particularly, the information pieces such as faxes, recordings, etc., are sent to the user’s personal e-mail. Moreover, the system in question may be accessed from a phone; in the case in point, the text messages received are converted to audio and then played to the user as the latter dials the corresponding number. It should be noted that the specified approach, though clearly being rather efficient, also has its problems as far as the data analysis is concerned. To be more exact, the system in question does not presuppose a classification of the incoming messages and, therefore, impedes the process of data analysis by piling the data without any classification thereof (Kim & Solomon, 2013). Nevertheless, the tool in question can be deemed a rather efficient in terms of information security. While it does pose certain obstacles to the data analysis and requires that the information should be sorted by the user, it offers a solid security of personal data. Additionally, its ability to incorporate several communication forms is quite impressive and useful. Trade Press vs. Academic Sources: Comparison Though Wikipedia offers a fairly honest and detailed description of a range of phenomena, it is typically viewed as lacking credibility and generally non-trustworthy. The specified attitude can be explained by the fact that the articles in Wikipedia can be edited by anyone. Consequently, the chances of articles vandalism and the resulting retrieval of the incorrect information become dangerously high. However, the references to the articles put on Wikipedia can often be defined as credible sources. The difference between the less trustworthy sources, such as the articles emerging in a trade press, and the ones coming from business journals or peer-reviewed journals, is drastic. First and most obvious, the unbiased approach adopted to address the subject matter tackled in the article should be mentioned as one of the essential characteristics of business articles or scholarly resources, as opposed to those published in magazines and less credible databases. However, while trade publications may have biases and take the viewpoint that can be defined as somewhat biased, they still have a lot in common with peer-reviewed articles in the structure, the way, in which they support their argument, and their goals, Indeed, both resources p
It was Wright Mills who coined the term “the sociological imagination”, having used it in his book of the same name, published in 1959, it was greatly influenced by Marxist thought. Mills agreed that it is not consciousness that determines our life, but life itself determines consciousness. The main task of the work is to investigate the elements of uneasiness and indifference of the present day. The author, using his sociological imagination, tries to find the answers, analyzing the role of a single personality in the course of history and the place of historical events in every separate human destiny. “The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society” (Mills, 1959, 6). In other words, Mills underlines the necessity to analyze not only the structure of every particular society and a personality as an essential component of it but also the stage of human history where society is standing at the present moment. One of the most important points is the questions of the private troubles and public issues in Mills’ theory. The author provides his reader with vivid examples of both approaches to the events and their assessment. Mills describes different life situations and historical events from the point of view of an individual, with all their unique features and lacks and from the point of view of the society as a whole. The author considers the problems of unemployment, divorces and wars from these two perspectives. The reader is made to agree that an only person may be unemployed in a big city due to some personal traits of character, lack of abilities and initiative, then this problem may be regarded as private trouble. But 15 million unemployed are a public issue for sure. Divorce of a young couple may be considered private trouble in every concrete case, resulting from lack of responsibility and egoism, but at the same time, noting that every 250 couples out of 1000 are broken, this problem becomes a public issue. The same is with the question of war. A person is more likely to think about how to survive a war or how to make one’s death in it more meaningful than to think about the political reasons and economic outcomes of it in the future. It is not easy to speak about sociological imagination under such circumstances. “In so far as war is inherent in the nation-state system…, the ordinary individual in his restricted milieu will be powerless- with or without psychiatric aid – to solve the troubles this system or lack of system imposes upon him” ” (Mills, 1959, 10). The personality of Mills and his work may be considered from two different perspectives as well. From one side, he coined a new term into sociological science, his approach to sociological analysis is really interesting, but at the same time, he was influenced by Marxist thoughts and the spirit of his time, so the theory could be developed only in this epoch, becoming a public issue from this perspective. Mills’ theory may be used to analyz
The 21 st century has been characterized by the pursuit of women for equality. Sex and gender issues have been in the public domain for quite some time now. This generation has experienced more freedom compared to any other in the past with reference to the female gender. Therefore, sex and gender are issues that need to be addressed cautiously. Masculinity has been attached over the years to superiority and power while femininity is associated with weakness. Women have always been expected to take the second positions after men in all social classes. It is true there are women who are higher on the social ladder than other men are but that order is not practical. It is important to note that human beings are in different social positions and this has to be considered when looking at the position of a woman. Even though a woman can achieve a higher position in the social ladder than some of her male counterparts, if she is compared with the males in her standard brackets, she is still in an inferior position. This notion is created in humans from a very young and tender age. For instance, a male child is taught that to be a man one must never show or let his emotions be displayed in public. Men believe they are superior to women and that women should listen to them and not the other way round. I believe the author is correct in asserting that the greatest losers in most cases after a divorce are women. This is true because of the societal beliefs that have been laid. For instance, men will go out and date as m
The formulation entailed in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke brings to fore vivid distinctions between real and nominal essences. Locke defines a real essence as the observable physical appearance of an object. He further describes it as ‘ it is what it is ’. In regards to a nominal essence, he views it as a conceptual idea made out of analogous qualities that are inherent in such objects. The distinction brought out by Locke is therefore significant in bringing out both the semantic and epistemological roles. By giving an example of gold, Locke brings out his first contrast between the two essences. According to him, the nominal essence of gold is created by bringing together the noticeable qualities such as its yellowish and malleable nature that formulates the conceptual common idea of gold. Locke asserts that “ the quality of any object is characterized as the power to generate any Idea in our mind .” Locke further contends that there is an additional element of an unrecognizable microstructure that gives rise to these noticeable qualities. The microstructure, it is noted, is as a result of the corpuscular theoretical proposition by Boyle and the subsequent hypothesis of the ‘mechanistic’ physics. Locke therefore refers to the internal formation of a substance as the real essence and further notes that in contrast to nominal essence, it has a foundation in actuality. Secondly, Locke proposes that the other distinction is visible through the naming of sorts, or what is commonly known as the ‘ natural kinds’ . According to him, he attributes the process of naming to nominal essences as opposed to real essences. This is attributed to the fact that the formulation of conceptual ideas is created prior to acquiring knowledge of the internal corpuscular composition of objects. Further, due to the fact that the real essences of objects remain unknown, Locke argues that it becomes difficult to ascertain the corpuscular microstructure of objects and how the same comes up with the noticeable qualities that form the basis of classification. He further contends that the corpuscular microstructure of objects generates all the pertinent and irrelevant noticeable qualities present in the particular object. Accordingly, the cognitive rationale of identifying the pertinent qualities becomes the foundation of picking out the nominal essences. Locke therefore argues that the real essence is reliant on the nominal essence as it is from the nominal essence that the qualities that define the particular object are derived. The nominal essences are as a result of human option. The option entails the kind of qualities that the beings are seeking to incorporate in their categorization of species or genus. Locke avers that “ the species are the workmanship of the understanding ”. Based on the above argument, it is not in doubt that most scholars view Locke as a ‘nominalist’. The concept of ‘nominalism’ allows the entities to subsist only as names that are applied to a
The dollar is the main currency used in the transactions of most international businesses. However, this does not mean that it is the best performing currency in the world. Most currencies are exchanged for the dollar and that has made it universally accepted as a measure of value and a medium of exchange. The terms and the conditions of the exchange rates can either have a positive or a negative impact on the economic growth of a given country. Exchange rate is defined as the price of a country’s currency in comparison with that of another country’s currency (Jongwanich 2006). Every country desires to move forward in economic growth and that necessitates the application of the best strategies to ensure that the desired results are achieved. However, analysts have not been able to come up with the best exchange rate regime that can result to economic prosperity. Different studies on this matter have been carried out but the conclusion is yet to be made. Economic development requires the application of the appropriate exchange rates. This is because the kind of exchange regime adopted by a country determines its macroeconomic performance. Therefore, the choice of the exchange regime to be adopted by any given country is of great importance to international finance and in other aspects of economics. The way these rates affect the economic growth of a given country is highly based on the status of that particular state in terms of development. There are four main types of exchange rate regimes: fixed exchange rates, the flexible exchange rates regimes, managed floating exchange rates and the exchange control rates (Yarbrough & Yarbrough 2006, p. 37). The fixed exchange rates are also known as the pegged exchange rates while the flexible exchange rates are referred to as the floating exchange rates. The managed floating rates are a combination of the good aspects of the fixed and the floating exchange rates. In exchange control rate, the government is the controller of the allocation and the pricing of foreign currency (Yarbrough & Yarbrough 2006, p. 37). The choice of an exchange rate regime should be done with a lot of consideration because it affects the domestic economy (Jongwanich 2006). It should be well understood that adopting a certain exchange regime does not a guarantee the desired macroeconomic results. Therefore countries should not put all their hopes in the exchange rate regimes that they decide to make use of. Never the less, countries that adopt a fixed exchange rate regime are said to reduce their rate of inflation. Today, Inflation is the greatest problem that is affecting many economies in the world. Perhaps this is because most economies have turned away from fixed exchange rate regimes since 1970’s. However, there is no a clear prove that the fixed exchange regime is the best in economic growth performance. A positive growth in the economy of a given country brings about tangible developments. Citizens enjoy the sweet fruits that come with an improved economy. They do not experience a lot of economic difficulties and that results into more developments. Develope
Problem Statement Most businesses depend on technology in their everyday tasks. From email and phone sessions to websites, there is almost not a single activity which does not involve technology. These technologies, which are now taken for granted, have bridged some great holes in business communication. As businesses grow geographically and internally, there is a necessity for more advanced means of communication. New trends have caused some new internet-based collaboration tools and software to be implemented in the established or growing businesses. In recent years, some useful collaboration tools, that are enabling people to conduct their businesses globally, have been created. Google Docs, Skype and Drop Box are examples. Virtual teams now need the collaboration tools as well as the project’s success. However, some of the collaboration tools have disadvantages that make virtual project teams suffer. In this paper, I will discuss the Google Docs as a one of the prominent tools for collaboration, and try to present the challenges that are faced in its implementation, and how they are overcome (Geist, 2010). When working in a virtual team, it can be hard to have all the statistics prearranged and easily recognizable. Nonetheless, remaining prepared is an important sign of being fruitful in a virtual team. To do this, it is essential to have a network in which each group member can log, upload, and save parts of their work, as well as the work of other members. With the use of content organization tools, statistics or documents are always at hand, and can be opened and corrected by each member of the group (Geist, 2010). Challenges & Opportunities Many researches have mentioned some problems and challenges of the Google Docs. For example, the features of the Google Docs are rather rudimentary and simple, which more tech savvy workers may dislike. Moreover, other programs have extra progressive features that allow the worker to completely modify their documents and databases. Google Doc’s greatest weakness is its lack of organization and synchronous communication purposes. It is, for the most part, a database for documents. There is a lack of type-switch tools, and all oversees and improvements are lost, unless the document has been uploaded twice and one reproduction left complete. It does offer a tool for sharing folders and documents with a chosen group of people, so there is no need to use Google Groups. Google Docs offers a prompt messaging function that can be used when many operators are reading the same paper, but
Introduction Verbal communication is defined as communication using words. Verbal communication is very important to businesses, groups and good relationships. It has a very important role in our lives. It’s always important that verbal communication is in agreement with the non-verbal for them totally. For example, when an employer recognizes the efforts of his workers for the job well done by praising him, it should be followed with some activities such as increasing their salaries or awarding them. Thus this will be emphasizing his words. Verbal communication is mostly seen in public speaking when a person communicates to a large group of audience, for instance, businessmen leading meetings. A large number of people always find difficulties during public speaking due to the level of vulnerability needed. It’s always good to have full responsibility as a communicator when using verbal communication so as to earn more attention, thus advisable to think through what is on your mind that you wish to say before you let it out. Examples of verbal communication include debates, discussions, and dialogue (Brake, p. 45). Barriers to international communication and their results International miscommunication is a result of language which is a major problem to business communications. Hardships in languages may be a result of gross translation problems where the message is distorted by the translator to the audience. Presenting of distinctions from language to language and lastly, a problem of cultural variations among the speakers of the same language also leads to communication barriers. The result of these language barriers leads to wastage of time, makes the audience feel tired and it’s also be seen to be a form of disrespect for the parties whose language the message is being translated into. Cultural variations are seen from the accent of the communicators and these lead to the creation of international business communication barriers, in that they bring about negative feelings towards business ability, thus poor business performance due to regional prejudice. Physical barriers such as environmental problems like climatical conditions, population density, poorly lighted areas and use of old-fashioned tools lead to international miscommunication. Noise makes the communication process to be hard and impossible. The result of environmental barriers to international communication is that they encourage poor participation during the meeting. For instance, this may be because of a hot or cold environment which causes discomfort to people. Population density leads to overcrowding thus the poor conception of the message being conveyed by the communicator, hence no way forward to business deals that are supposed to be met (Hall, p. 14). Another factor that