Introduction The history of the grand jury goes back to the Athenian since there some institutions which played the role of the jury, however, there are doubts that this kind of jury that existed in Athens would have influenced the development of the jury as it later evolved in England. Initially, the kings would be involved in the administration of justice leading to the introduction of the jury system. The purpose of the jury was to make sure the central government was well represented in all parts of England and to give verdicts to criminals. The history of the jury began in 1166 in England whereby King Henry II formulated a law requiring 12 kings to have judged to pass verdict to criminals. These twelve men would give trial by the ordeal but in most cases, the accused would verify their virtuousness by beating the rules of nature. Otherwise, the introduction of the jury system in the 12 th century was the beginning of the conclusion of primary fairness. These judges were required to travel through the royal capital at certain times of the year to pass a verdict, they were therefore called “circuit judges”. They were mostly involved in cases brought by private citizens whereby they did not even follow justice besides doing it for leisure, they did not even screen the defendant and consumed a lot of time, all this was happening under Norman and Plantagenet king. Under the above circumstances, there was a need for change, this was done by using royal citizens who are needed to take an oath of faithfulness and must have had a certain status quo to reduce the charges. This worked well and become to be known as the grand jury, large or Norman French. During the 13 th and 14 th century, members of the grand jury who are also the petit judges, because they would indict a defendant in the grand jury and later acquit him hence the proper function of the grand jury was determined and defined to assert from the evidence provided by prosecutors, whether there were reasons to carry out the trial. The grand jury reduced the function of the royal judges besides controlling the prosecution of criminals. The function of the grand jury was personified in the Magna Carta by a wealthy clique for security against the excessive power of the royals to take legal action against the nationals; this was during the reign of King John in 1215. Between 1312 and 1377 during the reign of King Edward III, the old-fashioned 12 judicial officials were replaced by 24 others with the introduction of common law and the12 men formed the petit court. By the 14 th century, the common law gave allowed indicting and jurisdiction by the grand jury and petit court respectively. Edward Coke who was a philosopher in the English legal system further interpreted the common law (the land of the law) in a specification, which was interpreted by Blackstone in 1642 and did not protect the innocent because the king imprisoned the jurors who failed to convict the accused. The grand juries came to be really recognized after protestant juries protected the convicted catholic enemies of King Charles the II Grand jury in the us The first grand jury was adopted in 1635 and was meant to protect the monarchy. It was brought by Britons who were running from shackles