ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are quite a number of factors or conditions that expose students to different risks especially in their academic endeavors. Some of these factors are poverty, substance abuse, violence, truancy and delinquency and teen pregnancy. Poverty is defined as deprivation, a lack of safe drinking water and shelter or a lack of access to food. (Peterson, 2001) Factors such as harsh environment, bad economic conditions, poor health care, poor governance as well as social factors are major contributors of poverty. Students who experience these conditions lack access to health services. They also suffer from hunger, starvation and they experience both physical and mental health problems. The implications that accrue from poverty are detrimental to a student’s education. For example, a poor student’s concentration level while in the class room is adversely affected as compared to other students from well to do families. This in return negatively affects the student’s performance and teachers might end up losing their best student as a result of this because most of them opt to drop out of school instead of being in a humiliating setting. The risk factors brought by poverty on a students life include, loss of interest in education which causes a drop in performance. A student may also contract diseases brought by lack of enough nutrients in the body because he/she can not afford a well balanced diet. Bad health may cause prolonged absence from school which will affect a student’s performance. The remedy is that learning institutions should develop support programs which include financial as well as material help to such students. Substance abuse is another factor that exposes students to risks. It refers to dependence and overindulgence in drugs or other chemicals that affects ones physical and mental health. According to Jeremy (2000), 40-45% of students in various schools have in one or several occasions used drugs and other harmful chemicals due to peer pressure. Implications from this habit include withdrawal symptoms which is a sign of a student’s absence from reality. Pham-Kater (2001) asserts that students forget the reason why they are in school and they no longer perceive education as important to them. They mostly fail to do their assignments and their concentration levels in class room are greatl
Introduction “People are our most valuable asset” is one of the most popular clichés in business today. Indeed, this is true as organizations worldwide are struggling to meet market demands realizing that these outcomes depend directly on the ability, commitment and skill of employees. These factors in their turn depend significantly on employees’ motivation. Unfortunately, researches (for instance, Gallup Organization research) show that only 29 percent of employees are motivated (Kimball, 2006, p. 54). This means that management teams in a number of organizations either fail to motivate the working force or disregard the importance of motivation at all. Main body This is not the case with Washburn Guitar, the company that boasts a rich tradition of fine instrument making. They produce a wide variety of acoustic and electric guitars, selling more than 50, 000 of them annually with $40 million dollars in revenue (Daft, 2008, p. 772). This success of the company is a direct result of the work of highly motivated professionals. The thing is that for people working at Washburn Guitar their occupation is not a routine work, but a “labor of love” (772). 95 % of the employees that work at US Music (parent of Washburn Guitar) play an instrument that really improves the quality of instruments produced as they have the passion for what they are doing (772). Love for music increases the employees’ desire to produce instruments of the best quality. A willingness to work, dedication to the project, commitment, an appetite to achieve, the typical qualities of a motivated person, are better cultivated if the person has a real passion to the occupation he or she is involved into. Motivation is something within a worker that impels him/her to move forwards, to achieve a goal, to make progress in a task. The worker’s need, desire or emotion might serve a driving force and lead him/her to act in a certain way (Thomas and Adair, 2004, p. 58). The Washburn Guitar workers are motivated because they love music and care about the instruments. Each guitar they are working on is treated as if the workers produce the instruments for themselves. As guitar making is labor intensive and requires attention to detail, having a motivated workforce is essential. Quality materials plus quality mastership is the formula of the company’s success. Gil Vasquez, Washburn Guitar Production Manager says about the employees: “Some are motivated by the fact of music, and some are motivated by being able to work on an instrument” and continues: “one of the biggest motivation factors for me is when you are done with a guitar … you’ve taken it from the d
America has always been taken as the land of hope and the land of possibilities. It was believed, that every person had a chance to become prosperous and rich. Everything depended on a persons abilities and luck. The term the American dream appeared as the reflection of this belief. It can be taken as the national ethos of the citizens of the USA. Every person is proud that values like tolerance, equality and liberty are appreciated and that the American dream attracts millions of people all over the world. They leave everything in order to come to the USA and start a new life, hoping to become rich and prosperous. However, things changed and nowadays the main basis of the American dream is shaken. The movie Park Avenue: Money, Power and the American Dream is devoted to this very issue. The film starts with the description of the life at the 740 Park Avenue, Manhattan. It is believed, that the richest and the most influential people live there. The movie shows some shops which sell luxurious watches and clothes. At the first gaze, it seems that everything is perfect. However, the movie then shows the next avenue, which is situated near Manhattan, in South Bronx. The situation here is absolutely different. It is the poorest district of New York, where almost 40% of people live in poverty. Having depicted horrible conditions under which people live there, the movie than introduces the main question whether the issue of American dream is still topical or not. One of the main problems touched by this movie is the idea of inequality. It was supposed that all people in the USA would have the same possibilities. However, the movie shows that it is almost impossible to improve a person’s state if he/she lives in South Bronx as since the beginning of the life people who live there are deprived of the possibilities and remedies which inhabitants of Manhattan have. The movie presents a great gap which exists between rich and poor people. There has always been a difference between these layers of society, however, nowadays this gap became giant. The basis of the American society is broken and it is not united anymore. The video shows that nowadays more than half of all incomes of the USA is distributed between only 1% of its population. This fact, of course, makes the situation even worse. Rich people do not need all money which they have, while people, who live in poverty, have a great demand in it. Manhattan is always taken as the embodiment of his unfair distribution and seeing it people become more irritated with current state of affairs. The video also states the fact that super rich people have created this system and now it functions to satisfy their main needs. The fact that great amount of money is also distributed between politicians who rule the country can serve as the best evidence of this statement can serve. Current state of affairs introduces one more problem. Majority of people are not able to pa
Theoretical framework Economic entrepreneurship theories are essential in the analysis of entrepreneurial individuals. One theory that is highly relevant in today’s marketplace is the Austrian Market Process model, which Joseph Schumpeter initiated in 1934. In this model, adherents assume that an entrepreneur is essentially a driver of a system that dwells on market economics. An entrepreneur must have ways of satisfying market needs through the creation of new services or goods or use of better mechanisms for doing so (Murphy et al., 2006). The Austrian Market process theory is quite applicable to the person under analysis because she found a better way of offering legal services. Basdeo noticed an opportunity that other business persons had not discerned, and this was the lack of a female-owned law firm in Princess Town. Furthermore, she was alert to the uncertainties and risks involved in offering this business, but she took it on nonetheless. In the model, an entrepreneur must cease profit-making opportunities whenever they present themselves; this is what Basdeo did when she opened the law firm (Murphy et al., 2006). Personality trait theories include all the qualities that individuals in entrepreneurship positions demonstrate frequently (Coon, 2004). Entrepreneurs are optimistic; they choose to see the positive side in situations. They are highly creative and innovative. They also have a knack for identifying new opportunities. They are highly resilient and immensely committed. Entrepreneurs have a need to alter the status quo and improve things. They are visionary and always want to make a difference. Many of them desire to win and are hard workers (Coon, 2004). The person involved in this case study possesses most of the personality traits identified in the personality trait framework. First of all, she was unhappy about the way, the legal system was in her area, and wanted to make a change. She is highly creative because she thought of a niche that other law firms had not seen. Additionally, Basdeo is visionary as can be seen by her involvement in the school boards and other unconventional areas that typical lawyers would not have entered (Gartner et al., 2004). She was also optimistic because there were plenty of risks involved in starting her business venture such as facing malpractice, lacking experience and having no family name (Drucker, 1985). She chose to look at the glass as half full and started The Globe Law Chamber regardless. In the end, she made up for those risks by her energy and commitment to the business. Additionally, she is a hard worker as seen through her efforts in court and outside. She has a desire to win as also evidenced by her aggressiveness in all her cases. Basdeo possesses the qualities that make a person an excellent entrepreneur (Hisrich, 1986). The locus of control theory (as postulated by Julian Rotter) is another trait theory that argues that entrepreneurs have an internal locus of control; not an external one. The former term is the conviction that one can control one’s life events. Conversely, a person with an external locus of control believes that things are outsid
Introduction Brazil has a very diverse culture. Residents of the country have their origins from all the four corners of the world. The Brazilian society has undergone several cultural and social changes. In addition, the country has also undergone several political changes. During the 1960s, the country had a coup d’état, which preceded political transformation of the country. Political transformation led to the economic transformation of the country. Brazil is a classic example of how good economic policies may lead to economic prosperity of a country. However, despite the economic transformation, the country still has many problems. High crime rates and inequality are some of the problems that the country faces. Cultural Diversity Brazil has a very diverse culture. Europeans settled in Brazil in the early sixteenth century. During this period, the population of indigenous Brazilians was approximately 4 million. The Portuguese later colonized the country. The Portuguese imported hundreds of thousands of African slaves to work as laborers on large plantations. However, abolishment of slavery necessitated the Portuguese to employ Italian immigrants on the plantations. The subsequent arrival of the Japanese and Middle Eastern immigrants increased the racial diversity of the country. Intermingling of these ethnic and racial groups led to their dilution. This makes it difficult to classify the racial group of most Brazilians. The Brazilian society has very low levels of discrimination. However, people who have a lighter color usually have a high probability of getting a higher income, education, or social status. On the other hand, very few people who have a dark complexion achieve positions of wealth and prestige. They may only achieve this position in sports or the arts (Parijs 105). This is a clear indication of the mild racial discrimination that exists in the Brazilian society. Cultural Change Internal and external factors are the major drivers of cultural change in the Brazilian society. Social rigidity characterizes the Brazilian culture. However, the social rigidity of the Brazilian culture did not hinder the emergence of modernity. Social rigidity was a critical factor that helped in the emergence of modernity. One of the major factors that ensured that the Brazilian culture does not hinder modernism is the fact that culture is very dynamic. Therefore, modernity did not cut off the cultural values of the country. Cultural values helped in shaping the current culture of the Brazilian society. Cultural values helped in drawing a clear demarcation between social and economic spheres of life (Gordon 95). This facilitated the peaceful coexistence of people within the society. However, external factors are not the only causes of changes in the Brazilian culture. Various internal courses have led to the cultural change of the country. Stable democracy and politics is one of the factors that have contributed to the cultural change in Brazil. Before 1985, Brazil was under military rule. The military rulers stifled the freedom of Brazi
Introduction Diverse scientific studies have established that Watching Television has a Huge Genetic Influence. The argument posits that the manner individuals behave or carry themselves could be partly allied to watching television. Therefore, it becomes imperative to explore how TV watching can have such a phenomenon on individual genes. More so, it is essential to understand that genetics plays a fundamental role in shaping our individual personality. The general area to be studied Considering the multiple effects of TV watching on our life’s, it would be instrumental to explore and determine the manner watching TV influences our genes. The purpose of examining this quarter would help us in understanding how TV watching is linked to the genes. A number of scholarly studies have established that TV could be disastrous on our brains. However, no consistent studies have ever been conducted to establish the relationship between the effects of TV watching with the human genes (McAdams, 2006). Why this area is important to the general area under study The reason why this area is paramount to the study can be allied to the fact that genes play a crucial role in our bodies. Therefore, any element or factors influencing our genes ought to be taken seriously. For instance, established studies have demonstrated that TV watching has contributed to obesity in children as well as instances of ADHD. Therefore, exploring this aspect would be instrumental in understanding the connection between TV watching and the manner it influences genes. Research problem Why Watching Television has a Huge Genetic Influence. As a matter of fact in our contemporarily society TV watching has become the norm. The growth and progression of IT has made it possible for individuals to access TV from very tender age. Thus it becomes pertinent to examine the impact of watching TV on genetics. The purpose would involve establishing if any links exists between watching TV and our genetics. The background to the research problem From the physiological point of both normal and abnormal genetic traits are known to be highly inheritable. However, the emergence of pop-culture where TV watching has become a way of life to many investigating the impact TV on genetics becomes paramount. Therefore, this point to the fact that many individuals are exposing a number of genetic related features allied to TV watching. In this regard it becomes paramount to examine why watching TV has a huge genetic influence on individuals. According to the recent studies it was found that the longer an individual gets exposed to the TV the greater the chances are for one to be affected. Considering genetic aspects are more allied to biological and physiological perspective, it becomes essential to note their impacts (Funder, 2005). State your research questions why Watching Television has a Huge Genetic Influence, what causes this phenomenon. Does the genetic influence affect how the affected individual interact socially, does it also impinge on them emotionally
Curriculum According to Burris and Welner (2005), having a diverse population of learners in a school presents several challenges in ensuring flexible, accessible curricula which offers opportunities for success and development for all. The first step in finding a solution is identifying the diverse learners so as to have an overview of their demographics and other information related to the education of these learners. There are two major solutions that can be implemented:   * Multi-Tier Systems of Support (MTSS) These try to address the issue of academic, social, emotional and behavioral needs of the students struggling with school success. This type of curriculum addresses both academic and behavioral needs of all the learners.   * Application of the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Here, the curriculum and instruction are made both accessible and engaging for all learners; hence there is a higher chance for students achieving success. Instruction Multicultural sensitive communication enables teachers to teach and the students to understand what is taught. In order to achieve a solution in this perspective, greater emphasis should be placed on practices within the educator’s immediate control. These include classroom strategies, pedagogical techniques, school condition and the environment. The teacher should have the ability to speak and listen so that he or she can observe the students’ progress. Evaluation To solve the problem of evaluating learners in a diverse community, there should be multiple forms of assessment rather than relying on a single standardized test. This can be through students holding exhibitions or performance of certain tasks. Therefore, schooling institutions should revise their mechanisms of evaluating students which are based on just one very subjective tool (that of a standardized test). This is prompted by the fact that so much could happen during the period of sitting for a standardized test; for instance, a student could fall sick, panic before the test, or receive some bad news, among other things. All these would interfere with the student’s concentration during an exam resulting in poor performance. If other formulas of evaluation (as discussed earlier in this paragraph) were adapted, then the process would be more fair and effective not only to the students, but also the relevant bodies in charge – such as teachers and tutors. Technology Assistive technology should be implemented to help ensure all students succeed. This includes use of closed circuit monitors, Braille readers, and voice activated software. All these enable disabled children participate in activities that were once deemed impossible. Using technology effectively reduces barriers that block instruction and hence teachers are able to control and monitor student’s progress. Policy Policies to close the achievement gap should be implemented so as to manage diversity. Diplomas Count (2008) provides a solution to this. The
Alignment of Organizational Values   * According to Dunn (2002), employee satisfaction relies on:       + Their attitudes;       + Level of satisfaction with their work;       + The work environment.   * It is thus essential for an organization as well as nurses to ensure that their values are aligned.   * This will ensure that the overall goals and the objectives of the nursing practice are met.   * Common organization values include in the nursing practice include:       + Striving to meet the needs and requirements of patients.       + Treating and curing patients.       + Embracing a strong organizational culture.       + Expressing passion and emotion in the nursing practice.       + Following the principles and ethics of the nursing practice (Certo, 2002).   * To achieve organizational goals, most healthcare facilities try to ensure that nurses feel as part of the organization by:       + Having Effective leadership mechanisms;       + Embracing teamwork among nurses;       + Enhancing their skills and experience through training and education.   * As a result, nurses are motivated to:       + Help and heal patients.       + Have passion in their work.       + Treat fellow employees with respect.       + Becoming advocates of their profession.       + Value the well being of their patients. These factors are essential since they determine the performance and the level of motivation that employees will work. In a healthcare setting therefore, the management should ensure that employees are satisfied so that they can perform their duties as per the expected standards. It is a common to find that the organization and the management have similar values. In such an instance, the health facility is expected to operate in an effective and efficient manner hence realizing its vision, mission, goals and objectives (McShane, 2003). The organization structure of a healthcare facility plays a critical role in determining the level of satisfaction of its workforce. Effective leadership is an essential component that needs to be consider to realize this goal. Through effective leadership, effective mechanisms will be put in place to align the values of the organization and its employees. To further increase efficiency, the management of many organizations have adopted the concept of teamwork to ensure that its workforce have shared values (Luft, 2004). At the same time, this association will act as a platform where employees will share their skills and expertise hence improving their overall performance. Motivation increases the overall performance of nurses. As a result, the patients will receive high quality services. Effective Communication   *