ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) is a firm that manufactures diverse products such as plastics, fertilizers, chemicals, and metals. It is ranked among the best 10 petrochemical companies worldwide (SABIC para. 6). SABIC is considered by the Fortune magazine as the fifth largest petrochemical company, while Simba Financial Group ranks it as the sixth largest petrochemical firm worldwide (CNN Money para. 3). The company has succeeded in its mission because of its ability to prioritize its objectives. The firm‘s approach entails improving its productivity by ensuring that it sustains high technical and exceptional quality standards. In addition, the company is also devoted in improving its marketing efforts in order to make its products perform well in the competitive petrochemical market. SABIC has been able to position its products strategically in every region it operates. For instance, SABIC has succeeded in establishing a very effective market for its methanol product in China. China is famous in the production of wines and spirits for both local consumption and the export market, mainly in the European nations and the United States of America (Gulbase para. 4). For example in 2008, China imported from SABIC methanol worth $ 2 billion. This was approximately 14% of the methanol that was manufactured by SABIC in that year. Although the company is ranked among the 10 leading petrochemical companies globally and the leading petrochemical company in Asia, nonetheless, it requires positioning its products more appropriately in order to enhance the sales of its products within its established markets and in the new regions the company aspires to penetrate (Gulbase para. 4). The company’s products are noted to face very stiff competitions from other rival petrochemical firms from Europe, U.S.A. as well as other Asian nations. For instance, the company faces very stiff competition in the European markets from the BASF a Germany petrochemical company that is considered as the worlds leading producer of chemicals. The company is estimated to possess more than 160 subsidiaries and joint ventures. The company has succeeded in establishing the markets of its products in over 200 countries. The firm employs over 96,000 people (Gulbase para. 4). Most of its markets are concentrated with the European region. The company has been able to command a bigger market share particularly in the European region because it has been in existence for a longer period of time compared to SABIC. Similarly, BASF has succeeded in its quest to establish
Introduction Although a fast growing economic hub, Abu Dhabi remains a relatively dry land that needs maximum water preservation. In addition, the increasing population and number of local, regional and multinational organizations and businesses seeking to operate in the city require adequate supply of water. At the same time, wastewater management remains a challenge to the city, especially in terms of managing the city’s sewage. However, technology has the potential to recycle much of the wastewater with an aim of preserving the city’s precious water resources while at the same preserving the environment (Tseng & Lin, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to define a wastewater treatment planning for Abu Dhabi’s future. The plan describes the best technology for wastewater treatment and the process involved. Moreover, it will provide the best possible location as well as the type of operation necessary to enhance wastewater management. Description of an ideal wastewater management technology for Abu Dhabi The proposed wastewater treatment plant will be located at Allamahah, some 20 kilometers west of the Abu Dhabi. The purpose is to serve the city’s population both as a source of water and as a water treatment facility. The aim is to treat some 600,000M 3 /d of sewage per year and produce some 400,000m 3 /d of clean water per annum for u
Life is a basic human right which every human being is entitled to. Life is sacred and as much as possible; it should be preserved and protected until natural death occurs. However, under some conditions, an individual may be deprived the right to life due to a number of reasons. This will greatly depend on the individual’s country of residence, since different countries issue different punishments regarding the same crime. For example, in the United States of America, different states assign different punishments for murder. There are a total of 36 states which still execute capital punishment as punishment for murder, while the rest execute a life imprisonment (Prejean, 1996). This remains a challenge to the entire policy making system of America. It remains a dilemma why a criminal in the same country should face heavier judgement than another in the same country, yet they have committed the same crime. In real terms, there should be a uniform implementation of similar jurisdiction regardless of the place of residence. Cases of lenient application of policies in some areas have made them targets of criminal activities. Criminals will feel ‘safer’ in the areas where the laws are soft since they are assured to go through the punishment and hopefully come back to the society, and continue with their anti-social life. In conclusion, it should be clarified that no matter where a citizen lives, laws should be applied firmly, with the same weight. It defeats logic when criminals move to a different state to commit crime, simply because they believe they will face a more lenient judgement than if they committed the same crime in their state (Constanzo, 1998). Crime should be punished with the same seriousness, as a way of promoting national security. Reference List Constanzo, M. (1998). Just revenge: Costs and consequences of the death penalty. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Prejean, H. (1996) Dead man walking: An eyewitness account of the death penalty in the United States . New York: Vintage Books.
Have you ever wondered how exclusion from coverage on healthcare services in Maryland affects the uninsured citizens? My name is _______________ and I am here to shed some light on the details of the SENATE BILL 471 that seeks to address this issue. The BILL is entitled ‘Task Force to Study the Provision of Health Care Coverage to Uninsured Marylanders’. Having worked on different BILLS in different task forces and with my rich experience in the field, I can confirm that this task force will be able to deal with the issue of exclusion effectively. The task force shall study and research on two different categories of residents in the state. The two categories that will be studied are the individuals covered under the Federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and those who are not (Hartman, Martin, Benson & Catlin, 2013). The task force shall collect information that shows the second category’s size, it’s individual’s income status, and their willingness to enroll in a healthcare coverage plan if they were eligible (Kelly, 2015). It will also examine the current state’s policies that govern the local healthcare industry to address the exclusion issue effectively. This BILL is very important for uninsured Marylanders because it intends to analyze the provision of healthcare coverage among them. The BILL is sponsored by several senators including Nathan–Pulliam, Benson, Conway, Currie, Feldman, Ferguson, Guzzone, Kelley, Lee, Madaleno, Manno, McFadden, Montgomery, Muse, Peters, Pinsky, Ramirez, Raskin, Rosapepe, and Young (Kelly, 2015). To show how important this Bill is for the residents of Maryland, the voting in both houses was overwhelmingly in support of the establishment of this task force. In the House of Representatives, 137 members voted in support and no one voted against the Bill (Kelly, 2015). Similarly, in the Senate, 46 members voted in support of the BILL and no one voted against it (Kelly, 2015). The positive feedback from the two legislative houses was based on the need to provide affordable healthcare to uninsured individuals. The role of government is to protect and enhance the well being of its citizen and healthcare exclusion is not one of the ways to do so. However, some healthcare practitioners are opposed to this bill. According to those opposing the Bill, it is a way for the government to justify its measures to improve healthcare services. Private healthcare providers are opposed to this because they fear that their sources of revenue will be altered. My rationale for supporting this Bill is because it protects the well being of Marylanders in terms of healthcare services. I believe that bypassing the Bill the high cost of healthcare services will no longer be a cause of worry among Marylanders (Hartman, Martin, Benson & Catlin, 2013). The task force will study and write a report recommending an appropriate measure that should be taken to improve the healthcare system to address the issue of exclusion. This task force will essentially look into the issues that are hurting the uninsured citizens to strategi
Eurobond Eurobond is a bond issued in a denomination which is different than the currency of the country in which it is actually issued. Mostly, these bonds are issued internationally by syndicates and are then classified on the basis of their currency denomination. An example of Eurobond can be, for instance, a bond which is denominated in Great Britain Pounds, which is issued in the United States but by a Canadian company. In this scenario, the Canadian company is at liberty to issue these bonds from any other country (Eiteman, Stonehill, & Moffett, 2010; Baker & Martin, 2011; Arnold & Kumar, 2008). Foreign Bond Foreign bond is a bond issued by a business entity in the financial market of a country which is other than its parent country. For such foreign bonds, the denomination is in the local currency of the country where these bonds are issued and they are regulated by local regulations. The major reason for issuing foreign which bonds is to obtain finance from a foreign financial market. Those foreign business enterprises which have a significant portion of their operations in foreign countries usually issue foreign bonds regularly in such foreign countries (Eiteman, Stonehill, & Moffett, 2010; Baker & Martin, 2011; Arnold & Kumar, 2008). Choosing between Eurobonds and Foreign Bonds Eurobonds constitute more than 80 % of the overall bond market in the world. The primary reason behind this fact is that a majority of bonds in the global bond market are denominated by United States dollar and US dollar is the most prevalent currency all over the world. Same is the case with Eurobonds as a majority of them are denominated in the US dollar. Eurobonds, in comparison with foreign bonds, can be introduced in the financial market more swiftly as they do not require compliance with the regulations and other requirements of Securities and Exchange Commission. Moreover, Eurobonds can be transacted by a bearer, thereby resulting in an opportunity to avoid taxation on the income earned by the bearer. It is due to this reason that investors are always ready for lower returns on these bonds in comparison to earning high amounts on other bonds, which require registration and compliance with ot
Introduction The search for the truth as one of the aspects of human existence is the subject of not only sociological but also theological sciences and concepts. The notions of spirituality and pragmatism intersect, which leads to the mixing of theories and entails deep discussions of faith, the philosophical background of religion, and other significant issues. Based on the doctrines that are presented by the modern church community, the understanding of the mysteries of faith comes through studying the science of God and the ideas that are considered in the Scripture. However, in addition to spiritual concepts, the importance of reason is also considered an essential component in theological practice, and rational arguments in support of certain hypotheses are permissible. This work is aimed at determining the significance of reason, the element that contributes to the understanding of the mysteries of faith and its essence. Reason as One of the Aspects of Doubt Due to a large amount of information and constantly changing priorities, modern society tends to be more practical than philosophical. Religion has not lost its value; nevertheless, the manifestations of reason are observed in doubts about theological concepts, and the search for the truth has become the integral part of the process of knowledge. According to McGrath, “faith is not the same as certainty,” and the evidence of salvation that people seek to find is due to the natural human desire to learn the unknown (343). Withal, the denial of the secrets of religion and the complete disregard for theological teachings cannot be considered a positive trend since such a categorical position contradicts the essence of the science of God. Therefore, human reason as one of the aspects of doubts plays an essential role in forming the concept of faith and may be viewed from different standpoints. The philosophy of rationalism that is closely associated with doubts and the desire to obtain irrefutable evidence is alien to traditional theological doctrines. Reason as the integral component of human existence is not the tool aimed at exposing or reprimanding ecclesiastic concepts. On the contrary, as Pearse argues, even in early teachings, “acquiring divine truth or morality by reason was constitutive of natural religion” (231). The method of understanding the secrets of faith is an attempt to find out but not to expose, to achieve but and not to disprove. Therefore, when applying reason as the instrument of rapprochement with God is not only welcomed but is also a natural condition for people’s interaction with religion. At the same time, any other manifestation of mental activity, which is based on doubts, alienates skeptics from the notion of spirituality. Therefore, reasonable does not mean controversial, which it is essential to accept as one of the divine truths. Role of Rea
Introduction Medicaid Fraud is one of the main issues that hamper provision of quality, reliable, and efficient medical services across the world. Medicaid is designed as a health insurance that offers the less fortunate in the society a chance to get affordable quality medical services; they are edible to children, the elderly, and persons with a disability and funded to a large extent by Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) Medical Assistance Administration. The United States government medical department with collaboration of the office of the Attorney General has been on the fore front fighting the vice; however, the vice seems to be far from being won. As much as the practice is unethical and unaccepted in the medical fraternities, the efforts that the federal government has enacted remain focused on corporate level but they seem to be un-reaching to the micro level practices. According to Steven Malanga, the rate of misuse of Medicaid Fraud has continued to increase with an estimated amount of 10% of the total cost nationwide, which translate to about loss of &30 billion per year from the federal government. Corporate compliance programs have focused on the corporate level but they have “allowed” the low practitioners like nurses, doctors and physicians to continue using Medicaid to defraud the economy. This leads to deteriorated economy or an economy with a huge medical bill to cover. Although the program had been made to benefit the society and offer quality medical services across the board, it has been misused and defrauded for individual benefits (Matusicky & Cheryl, 1998). This paper discusses the problem of Medicaid Fraud and the interventions that federal and states governments should do to prevent the alarming state. Problem statement The main issue that is affecting the success of quality medical services to the less fortunate, children, and the elderly under the Medicaid program is fraud by medical practitioners for their benefits. The issue have an economic implication as the practitioners bill the U.S. Department of Health and Human amounts that does not commensurate with the service that they have offered to the patients or beneficiaries of the program. How Medicaid Fraud occurs Medicaid fraud takes different forms; however whichever the form they have some quality and financial implication to the beneficiary or the state government. The main ones are: Unnecessary billed services This occurs when a medical practitioner advices a beneficially of the program to undertake some medical services that are not really necessary; when doing this he or she is guided by the financial benefit that he will attain from the program. This kind of fraud is technical and hard to detect especially with non-medical practitioners. For instance, a patient may call in a facility with a certain condition say Malaria, then the doctor or the medical officer advices him to undergo a full tests of some other related diseases like Typhoid, altho
Executive Summary The study will focus on examining the resilience of Austria to the threat of cyber-attack. The approach will include a qualitative study and a review of government sources and academic literature. The main sections will entail introduction, literature review and methodology, key findings and discussions, conclusion, and recommendation. Under the introduction, the manuscript will provide the background and history of cybercrimes and threats. Moreover, the document will illustrate the statement of the problem alongside the key objectives to evaluate during the study. Furthermore, there will be a comparative study on various countries related to the chosen area of interest. Under the review of collected works, the substantial concentration will be put on the values of various activities amounting to threats and cybercrime. In addition, the researcher will also explore the trends in the world to help deduce value conclusions and recommendations. Under the findings, the study will provide a clear illustration of what the previous scholars established to ascertain the importance of the topic in modern society. Additionally, there is a need to make comparative reference to government documents to appreciate the role of legislation and governance in technology and development. There are several aspects which may pose a danger to cyber users; hence, the motivation should remain on manifested implication as opposed to opinions and outcries. Introduction Cybercrime is a global phenomenon which poses a fundamental threat to all economies in the world. Countries show different resilience levels worldwide; hence, there is a need to understand how Austria has fared in this sector. Background and statement of the problem The int
Introduction BP is an organization involved in oil and gas industry globally, its headquarters are in London, Britain. BP is one of the largest global companies and is involved in activities such as exploration, refining of crude oil, distributing, generating power and production of renewable energy among other roles. The company operates in over 80 nations across the globe and manages more than 22,400 gas outlets globally (Cheremisinoff and Davletshin 443). The United States division is the largest outlet for BP and thus plays a huge role to the organization as far as revenue generation is concerned. Current Business Problem With the division in the US being the most important for the company, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill has had many negative effects to the company. The oil spill led to deaths of 11 people, loss of trust in the company, destruction of the surrounding ecosystem and a bad reputation for the organization (Farrell 43). Tourism, marine life and the ecology were enormously affected in the coast by the oils spillage. BP has already spent over $3.12 billion on the spillage on actions such as containing the spillage, responding to the disaster, drilling the well, payment of grants to the states affected by the spillage, payment of claims and costs to the federal government (Cheremisinoff and Davletshin 443). The spill was the largest oil disaster in the history of the industry in regards to off shore drilling in the United States. The problem is identifying the challenges the company is facing in the United States after the oil spillage and the impact of this event by applying ethical perspectives. IBP Competition BP is a global company that faces huge competition from other organizations that deal with oil, gas, and petrochemicals. There exist huge competition within the industry as well as in other industries in regards to the supply of gas, fuel and meeting other needs of the energy sector, commerce, industrial, and for hom
The report written by Tony Bush and Derek Glover is aimed at examining various aspects of school leadership. The authors review various books and articles in which this concept is discussed. In particular, they mention that the process of influence is the central element of leadership. This means that leadership involves the change in the behavior of a person (Bush and Glover 4). Furthermore, the scholars note that school leadership is determined by the values that people have. Much attention should be paid to such issues as individual value of every student, his/her wellbeing, and academic achievement (Bush and Glover 4). Moreover, the examples provided in this report suggest that school leadership includes the ability to create a vision or an idealized version of the educational organization. For instance, school principles are expected to have a clear understanding of the goals that they should attain in the near and distant future (Bush and Glover 6). Furthermore, the authors focus on the connections between leadership and management. They note that management can be viewed as the implementation of a specific policy that has already been tested. In contrast, leadership is more concerned with bringing change into existing strategies (Bush and Glover 9). Overall, school administrators have to work on each of these tasks. The distinction between these notions is important for the professional activities of school administrators. In their review of literature, Tony Bush and Derek Glover focus on different types of leadership which can be instructional, transformational, moral, participative, contingent, and so forth. The differences between these models lie in the following areas:  1. the motivation of employees or students;  2. evaluation of performance;  3. attitude toward change,  4. the power distance between employees and administrators. Yet, the researchers do not tell that a certain approach is more or less suitable for school leaders (Bush and Glover 31). They argue that that each of these models is partial. Therefore, one should single out the elements that are most relevant to educational organizations. The authors note that school leaders should consider various factors that are related to the internal and external environment of a school. For instance, they should focus on the type of school, its location, culture, type of governance and so forth (Bush and Glover 29). This information is critical for the development of the most optimal policies. Additionally, Tony Bush and Derek Glover argue that leaders should focus on the following areas:  1. promotion of teaching and learning;  2. creating a school vision that inspires both teachers and learners;  3. training of f