ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It must be accepted that the rapid adoption of new technologies is a distinctive feature of the modern age. This calls for a significant reconsideration of existing approaches and also promotes the implementation of new practices that might increase the efficiency of various and vital activities. Additionally, the implementation of new technologies impacts the business world by providing varied possibilities both for customers and for companies. Customers accept these mediated methods toward making purchases, noting new conveniences and new practical uses. In this regard, traditional designs and past approaches are now being reconsidered in the industry. When discussing the practice of online shopping, its great potential clearly must be noted. Resting on modern innovations, online shopping will continue evolving by the introduction of new challenges and by continually altering many previous approaches. At the moment, great market shifts are already quite clear. Online shopping has become an efficient tool that is now gradually replacing traditional retail stores and shops. For these reasons, the inevitable and radical reorganization of many companies’ structures is happening, based on implementing this new online accessibility and service. Warehouse design and operational decision-making could be considered the first components of significant procedural change. (Richards 2014). Analysis Numerous positive changes are already noticeable. The ability to provide customers with a variety of simple ways to obtain a needed product can be considered one main point of competition among companies (Deloitte 2014). Online shopping implies making a purchase at home, which is why in terms of increased rivalry among businesses, convenience becomes most significant. This introduces the need for the creation of smaller urban logistics warehouses that can provide the needed goods in the shortest period of time ( The impact of online shopping on retail property 2013). Thus, urban facilities obtain a unique significance as the only efficient way to facilitate delivery and to improve business and delivery performance. This statement is evidenced by numerous real-life examples where great companies have refused to turn from the use of national mega sheds toward creating small warehouses located within a short distance of a potential customer (Friedman n.d). Moreover, warehouses placed within any given city demand thoughtful design and specific locational and l
In her 1998 article “African Americans and TVA Reservoir Property Removal: Race in a New Deal Program,” Melissa Walker discusses the relocation process of local farmers due to dam construction projects from racial perspectives. The author argues that despite increasing the overall prosperity of the local communities, the policies and projects of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) did not address the well-being of the white population and Afro-American citizens equally. For example, Walker studies East Tennessee analyzing the average pre-relocation economic conditions of two races mentioned above and cases of discrimination that appeared during the removal of black people to other properties. In this regard, the researcher maintains that due to the differences in the average value of the farms, Afro-American people were more susceptible to relocation as TVA sought to move poor and ineffective landowners. Moreover, Walker states that removal workers did not offer sufficient help to black people as they did to white counterparts. However, although the author’s arguments that prove the existence of discrimination are persuasive, the paper has some minor reasoning flaws that should be discussed. First of all, the fact that relatively more black people were removed from their lands by TVA does not mean that the choice was primarily motivated by racial discrimination. The author agrees that Afro-American farmers were on average poorer than their white counterparts. However, it is also mentioned that the main purpose of relocation – except construction – included the release of the land, which would ensure further expansion of prosperous households. Therefore, the fact of intentional discrimination is questionable as TVA primarily pursued other purposes. Rather, it proves that inequality already existed in the region on the institutional level. However, the question of whether TVA should have sought to prioritize solving the racial issue over reaching maximum prosperity is debatable, especially considering the context of the Great Depression. Next, although Walker mentions that unfair treatment existed due to racial and status-based prejudices, the author does not profoundly analyze the latter cases. For that reason, it is unclear how much each of the factors influenced the removal workers’ behavior separately. Of course, this notion does not imply that racial discrimination did not exist, but the extent to which it existed is left unknown. For instance, the comparison of poor African-American and poor white farmers’ cases would help to better understand racial inequality as the status of those people is similar. Finally, the same logic applies to the author’s argument that “Poor African Americans also faced problems in navigating the authority’s bureaucracy because of discrimination against them and their own lack of education” (Walker 426). It can be hypothesized that the latter had the same or even greater impact on eviction policies as uneducated white people would also encounter difficulties while moving to another place. However, again it i
Introduction The current learning system has encountered a major change as it puts into account the concept of multiple-intelligence, thus giving room to children who display different kinds of learning abilities. This is because learning occurs through the performance of thought, and it is characterized by different levels of understanding, hence producing different dimensions of intelligence. The purpose of this paper is to administer an inventory to five students and analyze their responses in order to determine whether they exhibit characteristics that promote or inhibit learning within the context of a content area classroom. Report First student  1. This student uses the words that follow in order to figure out the meaning of the words, which he is not conversant with.  2. Whenever he fails to understand the meaning of a sentence, he reads it over again.  3. He normally skips parts that are hard to understand while reading content entailing social studies and sciences.  4. He never makes plans prior to reading since his main aim is to complete his assignment.  5. Whenever he fails to understand a whole passage, he reads it over again.  6. Whenever he fails to understand a sentence in a passage, he notices that he is not conversant with the new words or the concepts that used in the sentence.  7. While reading a textbook, he normally adjusts his pace depending on the complexity or the simplicity of the content.  8. He normally takes note of the ideas that he knows as well as the ones that he does not know as he reads a textbook.  9. Whenever he comes across a confusing part of the content, he keeps on reading it. 10. He assumes that all sentences are important since they are already in the content. This student exhibits characteristic that promote learning as well as characteristics that inhibit learning which are neurological in origin. A student suffering from these shortcomings normally has a problem of processing of information, thus affecting his learning process and especially learning of new content. This is because neural connection is responsible for stimulating the appropriate learning style, which is experienced when current passes along the nerve cells (Vacca & Vacca, 1999). This student thus lacks the ability of taking complex words and putting them into proper sentences. He therefore expresses incoherent paragraphs as he skips the content while writing or reading a narrative. However, being aware that he is not conversant with new words by taking note of the concepts used in the sentence is vital since it enable him to take charge of his own learning style. Second Student  1. This student echoes the words, which she is not conversant with.  2. She echoes the difficult words in a sentence whenever she fails to understand a particular sentence.  3. She takes note of the important ideas whenever she fails to understand content entailing social studies and sciences.  4. She carries out a self-reflection analysis by thinking about her knowledge on the subject prior to reading the content.  5. She takes an approach of trying to clarify the content by using a supporting idea whenever she fa
Introduction Pinnipedia is a broadly distributed and varied group of semi-aquatic sea mammals. It consists of three families that include Otariidae (eared seals), Odobenidae (extant walruses) and the Phocidae (Earless seals) (Harrison & King 102). Earth history Pinnipeds were first spotted in the middle Miocene having been tremendously specialized for an aquatic survival. It has been proposed that the pinnipedia may have had a two fold origin and a monophyletic foundation. Reproduction Pinnipeds are polygamous with the males being larger than the females. Towards the breeding season, the males choose the breeding sites and establish harems on the arrival of the females. This depends on the species. The males assertively defend groups of particular females while others protect the reproductive terrain. Males compete for females. Breeding occurs especially during the late spring and summer. A single pup is normally produced yearly but twins’ occasionally occur. After giving birth, the females wean their young ones for an uneven period of time. The females possess a postpartum estrus that permits them to breed soon after reproduction (Harrison & King 102). Species number Pinnipeds constitute slightly more than 28% of the diversity of marine mammal species with 33-37 living species being spread all through the world. Of these species, 18 belong to the family Phocidae, and the remaining 14-18 species belong to the Otariidae and the Odobenidae family. Shapes/ Sizes and Color Pinnipeds are smooth bodied and have a barrel shape. This makes them to be well adapted to their marine habitats. The large size of Pinnipeds in comparison with most earth carnivores helps them to preserve warmth in their bodies. Their sizes differ with the smallest Pinniped being 1.3 m when fully grown and the largest being 4m long. Color patterns in Pinnipeds occur almost entirely among the family Phocidae. Others show dark and disruptive color patterns (Nowak 1458). Some Pinnipeds have a homogeneous coloration and this permits them to intermingle well with their icy surroundings. Typical behavior Pinnipeds have a typical behavior of going back to land to reproduce. They are polygynous with triumphant males mating with quite a number of females throughout the breeding period. The males compete for females and the females reach sexual maturity before the males. Eating habits Pinnipeds are carnivorous. They feed on sea creatures including fish, crustaceans and sea birds. Most are general feeders while a few concentrate on some foods only. Pinniped eyes are well adapted to darkness hence they do most of their feeding at night (Henry 110). Role of Pinnipeds in th
Heart diseases have always been of primary concern for the population of the United States of America. Although they can be prevented easily, heart diseases are one of the most widespread reasons for the death of many people even nowadays. A variety of factors predetermines the development of heart diseases. In many cases, people have unhealthy ways of life and neglect their health condition and timely inspections. Nevertheless, the elderly is more likely to suffer from heart diseases in most cases due to the decreasing quality of health and other accompanying illnesses. According to data provided by the American Heart Association, the incidence of heart diseases increases with age. Almost eighty-five million American adults suffer from heart disease, and half of them are more than sixty years old (American Heart Association 1). The most widespread types of heart diseases are cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. Men suffer from these diseases more often than women. However, the gap disappears with age. For instance, twenty-one in one thousand men start experiencing cardiovascular diseases at the age of fifty-five (American Heart Association 1). What concerns women, the same rate occurs ten years later (American Heart Association 1). However, more women suffer from cardiovascular diseases when they are more than eighty years old (87.1% of women in comparison to 83% of men) (American Heart Association 1). The gap between genders is apparent in cases with coronary heart disease. Thus, more than twenty percent of men and ten percent of women suffer from this disease when they are sixty or seventy-nine years old (American Heart Association 1). Almost thirty-five percent of men and twenty percent of women have coronary heart disease at the age of eighty and older (American Heart Association 1). The identification of heart diseases in the elderly can be rather a challenge due to the variety of facts. First, doctors can misinterpret some signs. For instance, the identification of heart diseases usually starts with the evaluation of such symptoms as breathlessness and fatigue. However, these symptoms are typical for other health conditions of older people (Lacoviello and Antoncecchi 166). The second challenge refers to the need to examine diastolic function properly to diagnose heart disease that is connected with ejection fracture (Lacoviello and Antoncecchi 165). There are other health conditions can have the same signs as heart diseases in the elderly. The other challenging thing about the assessment of heart disease in the elderly relates to the high possibility of death. Most old people have weak health conditions, and they cannot undergo surgery or other methods of treatment. Particular models have been developed to assess all potential risks, especially for aged patients. Seattle Heart Failure Model is a tool that is used for the evaluation of risks (Lacoviello and Antoncecchi 167). The received results are useful for the decision-making. Thus, doctors can decide about ways of treatment, medications
The origin of life must be the greatest puzzles that the humankind has ever faced. Old as the hills and practically unsolvable, the problem has led to a number of theories, most of which name the divine power as the reason for the universe to exist. Thus, grounding its basic postulated on scientifically proved facts, the theory of evolution poses quite a contrast to the ideas of the existing religions and, therefore, requires a comparison to the other explanations of the origin of life. It must be admitted that the theory of evolution has a number of legit points and has all the rights to be considered the most valid theory of all existing. There is no doubt that among all the pieces of evidence for the evolution theory, the species diversity and distribution is definitely the strongest one: “The distribution of flora and fauna of the oceanic islands provided Darwin with some of his strongest arguments. The islands contain a small number of species because immigration from the mainland was difficult […]” (Biogeography: Polar Bears and Penguins). However, it is worth mentioning that Darvin’s ideas can also be considered a touch flawed. According to Olofsson, the chances that the stages of the evolution process will drive to the development of life forms are next to nothing: “Once all chance explanations have been ruled out, ‘design’ is inferred” (42). Thus, it can be considered that the theory of evolution does have its contradictions. However, as Oloffson admits, “A general point of criticism against ID is that it does not offer any scientific explanations of natural phenomena, but merely attempts to discredit Darwinian evolution, aiming at inferring ‘design’ by default (43). As opposed to the idea that life forms can be developed in the course of evolution, the creationist theory is also well worth mentioning. Offering an idea of a superior creature that gave life to people and the entire variety of the Earth life forms, the theory of creation might seem far not as impressive and well-grounded as the theory of evolution. Indeed, there are little to no pieces of evidence that prove the divine creation of the Earth and the human race. However, it is still important to mention that the theory of creation is closer rather to a legend than to a scientific justification. Since true believers do not need proofs for the Lord’s existence, the theory of creationism functions in quite a different way than the one of evolution: instead of providing solid explanations of how the world was created, it offers the grounds for people to base their faith on. Therefore, it can be considered that the theory of creativity serves rather as the stronghold of moral values than an explanation of the origin of life. Thus, the function of religion in society becomes more obvious. It is clear that religion does not offer any well-grounded explanations of the way the world was created, nor does it provide any pieces of evidence that God is the Creator of the Earth, the human race and the Universe. Instead, religion serves as a guide for people to live
Executive Summary The given paper is devoted to the description of workplace bullying, its types, and the impact on the people and society. The choice of the topic and its relevance are explained by the fact that today this issue remains especially topical because of the attempts to create a positive environment and ensure that workers might benefit from the appropriate climate in offices. The paper offers detailed definitions of various types of bullying, which is vital for an improved understanding of how individuals might depress other ones or discriminate. The work also focuses on the consequences of bullying for the organisation and individuals as the disregard of this issue has a pernicious impact on various units. The paper follows a traditional structure with the introduction and body paragraphs that provide essential information devoted to the problem, and improve the understanding of the concept of bullying. Introduction Today much attention is devoted to the creation of the society deprived of various forms of discrimination. Tolerance and respect are the basic elements of the cooperation between individuals today. It means that the functioning of organisations should also be aligned in accordance with the principles of humanism or mutual respect. For the sphere of business, which acquires the top priority today because of its role in global economics, the creation of a positive working environment deprived of biased attit
While the paradigm of medical ethics is complex and diverse in its nature, the ethical considerations are frequently yet not uniquely based on the four primary principles. These pillars include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice (Grand Canyon University, 2020). Indeed, medical practice in the US addresses autonomy to be the most significant aspect of ethics, placing emphasis on the patient’s inherent right to make decisions and demand respect for these decisions by the practitioners. In my opinion, such an allocation of values is justified. While the medical workers’ primary goal is to serve the patient, the notions of beneficence and nonmaleficence presuppose an anthropocentric perception of care, placing the interests of the patient above anything. Hence, even if the patient’s decision may be contradictory in terms of practice, practitioners may explain all the risks and benefits of care and specific treatment but never impose their thoughts and decide for a patient, as ignorance automatically becomes a red flag for maleficence. When speaking of ethical principles in the context of Biblical narrative, it would be reasonable to assume that such notions as beneficence and nonmaleficence would be prioritized and followed by autonomy, leaving justice behind. While justice is undeniably important, it is also the most controversial concept in terms of definition and philosophical perception, including such approaches as Kantian deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics (Grand Canyon University, 2020). For example, when considering the right of conscience for both the practitioner and the patient, it is difficult to define the extent to which the sense of justice for one of them should be sacrificed in order to benefit the other (Orr, 2015). Beneficence and nonmaleficence, in their turn, are central to the Biblical narrative and the Ten Commandments, whereas autonomy is one’s right as a human born in imago Dei.
Apple Inc. Profile Mission and Goals Cusumano (2010, p. 22) argues that the overall purpose of Apple Company is “to bring the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals, and consumers around the world”. The company is distinguished for the development of quality computer software and hardware. On the other hand, the company’s goal is “to obtain stellar products and services within tight timeframes, at a cost that represents the best possible value for our customers and shareholders” (Cusumano 2010, p. 23). According to Cusumano (2010), every organization has a duty to offer quality goods and services to customers at reasonable prices. Apple Company values its customers. Its leadership prefers working on a few projects that are of significant value to customers. One of my professional needs is to be a stickler. Thus, I would like to work in an organization that gives workers an opportunity to learn and acquire skills in their areas of specialization. Apple Company emphasizes quality and does not settle for anything less. The company ensures that it runs on-the-job training to equip its workers with relevant expertise. Leadership Style The competition in the technological world requires organizations to innovate progressively. Therefore, employees working in technology companies are required to be creative (Kawasaki & Carlton 2011). The success of Apple Company lies in its leadership style. The past and present leaders believe in employee empowerment. They give workers a chance to make decisions on matters that affect their departments. According to Cusumano (2010), the corporation’s objective is to manufacture excellent products. Therefore, employees are encouraged to be imaginative. I desire a career path that will help to enhance my aptitude. Besides, I would like to work with a leader who values my contribution and supports professional development. The leadership style of Apple Company aligns with my desired career path and professional needs. Kawasaki and Carlton (2011) argue that employee empowerment allows workers to test their skills and try new ideas. As a result, it promotes professional growth. One of my personal requirements is to work in a company that pays well and promotes employee growth. Reporting Structure During Steve Jobs’ tenure, the chief executive officer made all decisions. All the departments reported to Jobs. Such a reporting structure had numerous drawbacks. At times, the CEO would focus on a single matter and neglect the rest leading to bottlenecks in some departments. Kawasaki and Carlton (2011) argue that Jobs was a leader who preferred finishing with one issue before going to another. Hence, many projects would remain unattended for a long time. Today, employees report to the departmental heads who respond promptly to matters that affect the departments (Levy 2012). The change in reporting structure has enhanced operations in the company. Besides, there is a collaboration between different departments. One of