ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Having a devastating impact on the global economy, the 2008 financial crisis helped to point out the most critical issues in the international supervision of the banking sector. Thus, the recovery after the crisis began with a search for a new stable system that could establish stability in the financial markets. As an option for coping with the issues exposed and preventing similar downturns in the future, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision developed a new framework aimed at supervising the global banking system. Known as Basel III, the new plan is expected to have a positive influence on the financial and banking sectors of countries affected by the 2008 crisis. Moreover, the new framework has become the foundation of banking supervision in China. Because that country recently became involved in the new system, there are several critical challenges to address in order to make it operative. Therefore, the article at hand aims to describe these issues as well as speculate on ways to eliminate existing defects and improve the effectiveness of the banking supervision system in China. The global economy is characterized by increased interdependence, which commonly results in high volatility risks due to the so-called spillover effect. One recent example of this trend is the 2008 financial crisis. This economic situation had a detrimental impact on global economic development because it exposed numerous problems that related to international banking supervision. For this reason, to overcome the identified issues and prevent potential future crises, a new and reliable system for supervising the banking and financial sectors was needed. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision rose to the challenge in adopting the new framework for achieving global financial stability known as Basel III. The details were publicized in September 2010. The introduction of the new framework has initiated numerous changes in different countries around the globe. For instance, in China, Basel III became the foundation for developing that country’s system for banking supervision. As it is a new phenomenon in the Chinese economic environment, the banking supervision system has varying defects. Therefore, it is essential to address these problems in order to offer recommendations for altering the system so that it corresponds with international standards of financial stability. Thus, the paper at hand aims to investigate the banking supervision system currently operating in China. Stress will be laid on studying the specifics of macro-prudential supervision, financial market operation mechanisms, legal frameworks, and the activities of the Central Bank of China. In addition, the article will explore ways to eliminate the major challenges and alter the current system so that it complies with international standards of banking supervision and regulatory frameworks, particularly the provisions of Basel III. The Novelty of Basel III in Terms of Banking Supervision Basel III, a new framework for guaranteeing the soundness of the global banking system, aims at minimizing the
Currently, the number of healthcare programs for veterans is increasing, and more focus is placed on the efficaciousness of these programs. Now, the major American nursing associations for veterans such as Military Officers Association (MOAA) and Veterans Healthcare Association (VHA) are advocating for the healthcare protection of veterans and their families (Karpf, Ferguson, & Swift, 2010). Veterans and Their Families’ Healthcare Needs Most veterans returned from war require multiple healthcare needs including adequate treatment of their diseases to the creation of the appropriate environment for further recovery (International Council of Nurses, 2008). The two main types of healthcare needs that veterans need are mental and physical. The most widespread illnesses connected with these needs are the absence of an extremity and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Paquin, 2011). The first duty of a nurse is to help veterans cope with their physical pain or physical disability if they have lost a part of their body. The second duty of a nurse is to help veterans cope with their mental pain and the PTSD symptoms caused by war. The third duty of a nurse is to help veterans’ families understand how to look after them and to return them to a quiet life in society (Deyton, Hess, & Jackonis, 2008). Nursing Advocacy Skills One of the most important advocacy skills that nurses must have is communication skills. Nurses must quickly establish a connection with sick veterans and gain their confidence using communication skills so that they believe that the therapy the nurse provides will help them recover (Laureate Education, 2012). Another important advocacy skill that nurses must have is problem-solving. This includes the identification of veterans’ health problems and finding ways to solve these problems. Thus, the nurse must find a solution to every health problem that occurs in a patient (Davis-Alldritt, 2011). Thus, the role of nurses as advocates requires from them both practical and intellectual skills, as they are the only professionals who are always in direct contact with sick veterans and their families and must make crucial advocacy and medical decisions and act by the situation to help them recover (Milstead, 2016). A Nurse’s Responsibility as an Advocate According to the code of ethics in the American Nurses Association, a nurses’ primary duty as an advocate is to be fully committed to their patients, protect their rights, and improve their health. Moreover, they must also be committed to all the stakeholders and ensure that veterans and their families are provided with timely and comprehensive medical care (Vancouver Coastal Health, n.d.). A vivid example of a nurse advocating for comprehensive healthcare is through media advocacy. It is a
Introduction Cognitive apprenticeship is a mode of education that emphasizes on cognitive as opposed to physical skills (Frasson, & Gauthier, 1990, 57). The main aim of apprenticeship as a mode of education is to enable novices to become experts in their respective fields such as engineering, brick layering, printing e.t.c.Usually, apprenticeship entails the act of the most experienced people lending a hand to those who are less experienced. The most knowledgeable provides the less experienced with models that facilitates them to accomplish objectives. Apprenticeship is the main mode of learning in most developing nations. Just like in the case of trade apprenticeship, cognitive apprenticeship is a form of education where learning occurs through social interaction by both experienced and less experienced people. Thus, learning in apprenticeship is usually experimental as young people learn by doing. The learning model is interactive and it is characterized by trial and error and gradual accumulation of skill and knowledge. The novices are mostly passive observers at the outset but they become active as time goes by. Novices learn from experts through imitation. Imitation is generated as a result of social interaction (Cohen, 2002, 94-96). The following essay addresses the questions what are the strengths and limitation of viewing learning as apprenticeship? The essay also examines the implication that it has for educators. Strengths of viewing learning as apprenticeship Apprenticeship makes use of teaching strategies that have been proved such as coaching, modeling and scaffolding and these strategies enables students to become conscious of the thought processes that are involved in knowledge construction. Apprenticeship le
The lawlessness of street gangs has become the burning issue of many poor districts of South Los Angeles. Who can protect citizens suffering from these street gangs? It seems that there is not any justice for them. The police should keep order and calm in these districts. Nevertheless, the police are aggressive towards such anxious districts and even innocent citizens of this district are afraid of the police too. The poor citizens of South Los Angeles have the same right to live in peace and calm as other Americans. They should be protected by the police as well as the rich people of prosperous districts. Who should solve this social problem? There are a lot of such cases all over the world when people who do not have enough money have a lack of civil services. Beth Barrett presents the problem of street gangs in Southern California in her article Living in Fear: Gangs Keep Stranglehold on Southland Cities . The author describes the life of the poor districts of Los Angeles where banditry and willfulness reign. Most families live in the fear. Their life is compared to prison when they are afraid to go outside. Their children do not have the opportunity to play with their peers outside as far as they may be the victims of fights between the police and the local gangs. People are accustomed to the noise which does not stop at any time. Their life resembles the action film with gunshots and shouts. The police fight with these gangs prohibiting loitering, graffiti and drinking alcohol in public but they do not take into account the life of peaceful citizens who are not guilty (Barrett). People use steel curtains on their doors and windows to protect their life from these gangs. These people cannot afford to move to peaceful districts as far as it is too expensive. That is why they have to bear the lawlessness of local gangs and they do not have anything to do. The police which seems to be the only protection do not care about the life of poor people. During the skirmish between the police and local gangs, innocent people suffer. The author provides the example of Patricia Lopez who is a Mexican immigrant who has lived with her son in this dangerous district for two years. Of course, she wants a better life for her child but she does not have enough money for better conditions. She and her son have to endure the sirens of police and paramedics, the gunfire and people’s cries (Barrett). She is afraid when the sun is down and the evening begins. She is afraid that someone gets into her apartment with the gun in her hand. She sees when these gangs sell drugs openly on the street and she does not venture to say something to them. Everyone is afraid of the gangs. They cannot call the police as far as they get mad at them and hurt them too. These people do not have any protection from the government. Their rights are violated and this fact does not worry anyone. Who cares about the life of poor people? There is not only the social division on the rich and the poor but on those who are considered to be humans and have rights and those whose life does not worry a
Introduction Research shows that family presence during resuscitation is viewed differently by different healthcare professionals. Physicians, especially interns and residents, are in general less enthusiastic about family presence during resuscitation than are other medical professionals. The same is true for nurses. Some nurses view family presence during resuscitation positively, while other nurses have more negative opinions. There are three main why some nurses are reluctant to include patients’ families during resuscitations. First and foremost, these nurses feel that resuscitation is an unpleasant experience that family members should not be allowed to witness it. Second, nurses argue that the medical team in charge of the resuscitation may not perform well in the presence of the patient’s families. Lastly, nurses argue that the anxiety of the patient’s family may disrupt the resuscitation efforts of the medical team (Twibell et al., 2008). On the other end of the resuscitation debate, nurses who support family presence argue that such presence is beneficial not only to the nurses but also to the family. Family members who witness the resuscitation get to understand the gravity of the patient’s condition. They also get to see and appreciate the efforts made by the resuscitation team. Thus, complaints of inadequate care from the family members are reduced significantly. Family members also get to receive news about the ill member relatively faster than would have been the case if they were not present. Most importantly, in the case of death of the patient, family members get a chance to say their goodbyes, which in turn makes it easy for them to go through the grieving process. Because of all these benefits of family presence, nurses in general feel more comfortable when family members are present during the resuscitation of their loved one. The issue of family presence during resuscitation and its effect on nurses’ comfort level is important not only to the families concerned but also to nurses (Henderson & Knapp, 2006). Literature Review A number of research studies have been carried out to examine the relationship between nurses’ comfort level and family presence during resuscitation. These studies have mixed results. Demir (2008) conducted a study to examine the opinions of nurses about family presence during resuscitation. “The data used for this study were gathered between November 2006 and January 2007,” (Demir, 2008, p. 411). The respondents included the opinions of 82 nurses working in emergency, cardiology and anesthesia departments in Turkey. Out of the 82 nurses, Demir (2008) found that 82.6% thought it was not appropriate for family members to be present during resuscitation. The reasons given for this outcome include: the possibility of family’s interference with the medical team’s performance; the trauma associated wi
An independent variable is one that is manipulated and controlled by the researcher; on the other hand the dependent variable is the one that is observed and measured so as to understand the effects of manipulating its independent counterpart. However, these two variables are not the only ones present in an experiment. Extraneous variables may also be present and play a great role in influencing the research. If a researcher wanted to study the effects that inadequate instructions have on level of anger or frustration, variable identification is requisite. The ability of the researcher to define the variables in an operational approach is very important because it makes the study’s outcomes more valid and reliable for use at present times and in future. In this case, the independent variable is represented by the inadequate instructions while the level of frustration or anger is a variable that solely depends on the inadequate instructions given. Having identified the variables, the next step is to make them operational. At this point, the researcher should select a concept to ensure that anger is a result of the instructions given. However, the concept chosen should be within the limits of time, feasibility and financial ability. For instance, a researcher in this case may come up with a rewarding competition where the competitors are given limiting instructions. The competition may be presented inform of an aptitude exam. It should be clearly stipulated that a competitor can only win by completing a given task within a specified time frame. When a short but logical period of time is set, it may result into frustration of the subjects being studied. In order to measure anger, various methods could be used. For example, an oral interview at the end of the competition may give the researcher an opportunity to evaluate anger or frustration level especially for those who did not win. Another method that could be used is the filling of a questionnaire at the end of the study. A set of questions could be asked and based on the response; the researcher may be able to measure the level of frustration or anger. In many experiments, extraneous and confounding variables will always be there. An extraneous variable can be described as unwanted variable that influences the experiment other than the variables being studied. These variables are objectionable because in most cases they produce erroneous outcomes. They are divided into two, the first one being participant variables that are linked to the characteristics of an individual participant and which may have an impact on the response. These variables may include factors like intelligence, mood and background differences. In the example of the aptitude test case given here, the extraneous variable might be pre-knowledge that competitors have on the questions being asked. If the competitors had seen the questions, then they might have an easy time and as result may not show any signs of frustration. The other category of extraneous variables is the situational ones, which
In criminology, profiling is a psychological portrait of a person suspected of committing a series of violent crimes. A comprehensive method of personal and social accentuations is used in the course of criminal psychodiagnostic. Multiple crimes can be linked to a specific criminal, and the profile can be used to predict the future actions of the identified criminal. Profiling tends to have many reasons which prove its effectiveness. The first reason is the easiness with which the personalities of past offenders may be identified. Unlike a strand of DNA, profiling cannot easily recognize the culprit but instead serves as a guide to correlate behavior patterns to traits that would define the perpetrator (Eaton, 2016). Thus, profiling helps link criminals with committed crimes much faster with the help of patterns. Another proof of the effectiveness of profiling is the formation of the general portrait of the criminal. In many cases, a lot of criminals may share common characteristics, and the reason for this is the psychological process behind every crime (Eaton, 2016). However, this can be advantageous to the investigation process. Thus, profiling might facilitate the establishment of criteria that connects criminals and alleviate the investigation process. The last proof of the effectiveness of profiling is the establishment of factors that lead to crimes. For example, profiling a criminal can determine various details such as victims, places, and times (Eaton, 2016). As a matter of fact, many circumstances of crimes may be similar, which may make it easier to create a pattern of the crime. Arranging given information can help investigators capture not only the culprit but also prevent future occurrences of crimes. Hence, profiling may thus provide great value when used with traditional investigation and forensic techniques. Different resources, such as instances and evidence, may shed light on specific patterns that comprise an overall prof
Abstract This project is designed to analyze the factors motivating Indonesian nationals to settle in Seattle, USA. The major reason for choosing this topic was because I’m an international student pursuing an undergraduate bachelors’ degree at the City University of Seattle. I have desired to pursue an undergraduate degree program in Seattle since it houses several good universities and its favorable climatic condition, which resembles that back in Indonesia. Interestingly, Seattle is one of the favorite states with Indonesians due to its cold weather condition (Atri, Sharma, & Cottrell, 2007). Also, Seattle is an academic powerhouse favorable for students with a desire to pursue education further. Not to forget, many Indonesians have settled in this state and are interacting well with the locals to influence them to adopt their culture (Constantine et al., 2005). Objective The main objective of this project is to establish the number of Indonesian students living in Seattle and also the key factors influencing them to settle there. Despite students pursuing different courses, most Indonesians seem to prefer studying in Seattle at the City University of Seattle. Sampling methodology On data collection, I took a sample of few colleagues from different faculties I issued with 11 questions to fill. However, I found out that the response was insignificant and decided to survey questions designed similar to the questionnaire through individual email addresses from the University’s IT department. The survey had a total of 35 responses, which I listed on a Microsoft excel worksheet. Further, I presented this information on charts and graphs to give a clear understanding and a better view of the results. Charts In this project, graphs and charts are my preferred tools for presenting data in a better understandable way (Dao, Lee, & Chang, 2007). What to do differently on the availability of unlimited resources If more time and money is availed, I would take samples from different universities in Seattle and also increase the sample size to ensure that the sample reflects the larger population (Sodowsky & Plake, 1992). Further, I would apply statistical tools such as regression analysis to analyze data collected from the survey. Project report What motivated you to settle in Seattle? (See graph) Analysis From the analysis, I found out that 12 students had settled in Seattle because their university of choice was located there. Also, nine students had relatives who had settled there, and 9 preferred the weather while 5 liked the environment. High school Enrolled at University of Washington Analysis The analysis carried out showed that 14 students had attended local high schools in Indonesia. In contrast, 21 attended international schools but regardless of this, all enrolled for courses at the City University of Seattle. For the sample of 35 students, eight enrolled for a degree course in Biology, 8 in Business Accounting, 12 in Business Marketing, 6 in Civil Engineering, and 1 in Psychology. Interestingly, despite the two categories of students, they all ended up in the State of Seattle enrolling for different courses available at the City Un