ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abortion as an Illegal Act Abortion is real. For any single act of abortion, an innocent baby is killed. It is best described as a deliberate termination of pregnancy before a woman delivers. Many societies consider it illegal and people found practicing this act are heavily charged. Contemporary societies have strived to legalize its existence although this has been met with strong resistance from several quarters of the society especially the Christians. However, an instance where a baby succumbs to death accidentally as a result of a sudden force or accident experienced by a mother is referred to as a miscarriage and not an abortion. As Christians Belong to Abortion Christians view abortion in several ways. For instance, they are against the termination of pregnancy if the mother’s condition is stable and not under threat. There is sufficient evidence to prove that expectant women abort their children for fear of the roles that accompany child bearing. Some of them also think that if they put their children to bed they will have to forego their careers. Other reasons for their actions include, expenses associated with pregnancy, time required for child bearing, social stigma associated with early pregnancy, and the difficulty of bringing up children. Such reasons cause such women to kill their children through abortion instead of finding other channels to take care of such babies. For example, many welfare organizations have been formed to take care of children whose mothers are incapable of giving them proper care (Sproul 100). Deliberate abortion is considered as murder from a Christian perspective. This is the reason Christians vehemently oppose its practice in as much as many nations of the world are legalizing its practice. Abortion denies babies their deserved right to their life. This refers to the curtailing of a fundamental human right. Babies are the most defenseless creatures in the world and denying them their right to life is blatantly insane. There are people who claim that the act of abortion is okay since it does not amount to the death of a live being. The basis for their argument is that an unborn baby is considered human only after birth. To them the act points at a mere removal of unwanted tissue. This mindset can be defined as peer pressure at its best (Sproul 100). A case scenario where an infant dies in its mother’s womb and an operation is conducted, the following will be noticed. The footprint of such a baby is 25 millimeters. However, the foot has a normal shape and structure with all the features developed. Such a case proves that however small, it is a real baby. Through common knowledge, a woman’s womb only houses a baby and not an animal. According to recent technology and microphotography, a baby is a growing, living human being from the onset. Our biological composition needed for proper growth is intact immediately conception occurs. Our genetic makeup is determined at this point. Caring mothers will try as much as possible to avoid all those things that may pose any harm t
Introduction Culture influences the way people behave. It is thus important to understand it in relation to global work place where professional communication is employed. Every country that has Multinational Corporation and other businesses dealing with international firms should recognize the fact that cross-cultural differences have a negative impact on the professional communication process (Hall, 1976). A good case study is the culture of Taiwan. Taiwanese unit of social organization is the group. This is because their culture encourages them to live as extended families. For this reason, people in Taiwan are seen to work comfortably in teams and groups. In addition, the Taiwanese culture is made up of other several subculture including Chinese and Japanese. Moreover, it has been greatly influenced by imperialism and colonization. Another case study is that of American communication style. The American Business communication style does not encourage them to discuss issues directly. They believe in talking less without wasting time. Moreover, the Americans are polite and friendly but do not keep relationship for a long time. They also use a lot of protocols in their language. Comparison of Taiwanese and Americans cultures Taiwanese communication culture is characterized by use of non verbal language, indirect verbal language, close relationship between the parties involved as well as face to face communication when intending to make decisions. In addition, they prefer group discussions and use of wide sources of information in order to achieve accuracy. On the other hand, the Americans communication culture is comprised of verbal communication. It is usually task centered and involved the key personnel only. They meet to make decisions and do not consider relationships at all. They do not consult wide sources of information and thus the process is fast (Hofstede, 1980). An Analysis of the Two Cultures Effective communication can only be achieved once the cultural difference between the Taiwanese and Americans cultures are realized. Once they are realized and recognized, the appropriate methods of communications are adopted depending whether you are dealing with individual or both cultures. The difference between the two cultures can be described in terms low and high context culture. In this case, the Taiwanese culture is the high context culture while Americans is the low context culture. When both high and low context cultures work in the same environment, communication problems are bound to happen (Hofstede, 1991). For example in such an environment, the Taiwan people are seen to communicate in groups especially to those people they are close to. The communication is always intensive. That is, it is usually comprised of wide and detailed information. This is not the case with Americans. Their communication is basically at personal or individual level. They give information that is only necessary for their work environment. The professional c
During the medieval period, women had social status and a role that was conclusively determined by some influential and powerful church leaders and male theologians. The perception of women grew out of patriarchal interpretations of the holy bible (Wilson 132). This paper discusses what women desired most during the medieval time by providing examples of three women that had things in common. In addition, it talks about what they desired most. During the medial time, man was viewed as superior to the woman and was the head of the household. In marriage, a woman was to fulfill her primary role in the household. This reinforced the notion that women were inferior and seductive human being with a sexual nature that caused man to sin. This led to limits in women participation, in church activities and the society (Wilson 66). Margery Kempe was so devoted, but through the worldly pride, she graciously came against her mind (Wilson 269). She thought that she was bound to God. For most women, convent life offered the only opportunity to control their personal lives. Kemp got married to John, a worship burgess of Lynne and she gave birth after a remarkably short time. Later she continued with a series of pilgrimages after bearing a large number of children. The significance of Margery Kempe indicates the desire of women, that is, sexual intercourse that followed about two years after her first mystical experience (Wilson 270). Julian of Norwich was of humble birth and well educated at a Benedictine convent. She had a diverse biblical knowledge and the teachings of the church (Wilson 272). Julian was much devout and became an anchoress. This is a lifelong commitment to solitary religious lifestyle spent in a room. She was a mystic and theologian. She was able to use devices of metaphor and allegory to pass deep messages, and at times, with inexpressible meanings that can only be experienced in life that is extremely devoted and intensely focused and personal relationship with God (Wilson 277). Saint Bridget is considered as a woman who left a significant literary work. Her role in the society during the medieval ages made her a teacher of the word of God. The revelations of Saint Bridget have shaped in a highly decisive manner the portrayals of life and the human suffering of Jesus Christ. Saint Bridget was also a mystic and a theologian in the role of women during the medieval church. Women desired to study medieval theology that was concentrated substantially on Scholasticism (Wilson 228). In conclusion, the three women have plenty in common since they were devout Christians and were writers as well as theologians. Women need an opportunity to develop a close and personal relationship with God. However, for most women during the mediev
Introduction Adenocarcinoma is a subtype of lung cancer. It is under the major classification of non-small cell carcinomas. They mainly affect women and men who do not smoke (Kumar, Cotran, & Robbins, 2007, pp. 678). Adenocarcinomas progress gradually, but they metastasize at early stages (Goljan, 2007, pp 67). This, therefore, means that they have to be dealt with earlier because cancer is difficult and more expensive to manage after there are foci of metastasis. The carcinomas of the lung also need early treatment because once they progress, they have a poor prognosis (Jakab, 2006, pp.89). Factors that indicate that the cancer is still localized and resectable are; expectoration and chronic cough, alternatively, signs of late-stage disease are; chest pain, hoarseness of the voice, pleural or pericardial effusion, superior vena cava syndrome, and recurrent segmental atelectasis (Young et al. 2011, pp.168). The common sites for metastasis are the brain, liver, and bone. The treatment of choice in early-stage cancer is resection (Alter, 2009, pp. 18). The reason why doctors prefer epidural analgesia instead of other forms of analgesia is the fact that it provides exceptional pain relief postoperatively. It also reduces the use of opioids, for that reason, avoiding the side effects of opiates especially dependence (Jarrell & Carabassi, 2008, pp 57). It can also be used for extensive periods, thereby, reducing complications that occur post-operatively. It acts locally; therefore, it has no systemic effects. Epidural anesthesia has reduced stress response as compared to other modalities of pain management. Types of Pain There are two kinds of pain, physiological and clinical. Physiologic pain is pain that comes and goes. It acts as a protective mechanism since it sends a message that there is something causing pain and; therefore, one has to remove the offending stimulation. Clinical pain, on the other hand, is pain arising from excessive sensitivity of a local area to painful stimuli, and this pain also spreads to localized tissues that are otherwise not injured. Surgery causes incision pain as a result of trauma to nerve endings and tissues. The resultant trauma causes overstimulation of pain receptors, and these then communicate the stimuli to the spinal cord, which then becomes hyperstimulated. The resultant pain that is centralized is a kind of post-traumatic tension to the spinal cord. The central nervous system, consequently, interprets any stimulation as unpleasant, because it is overwhelmed. In addition to that, the pain can be referred to additional parts of the body. Pain is transmitted through A fibers and C fibers (Ganong, 2009, pp. 56). The A fibers are myelinated, and they are
Local governments serve a significant role in the daily operations of the Canadians. In Canada, there are several various levels of governments including the federal, provincial, territorial, and local ones. The local governments in the various cities are served with the responsibility of enforcing policies directly associated with the local people. These governments have complete leadership structures consisting of reeves, agencies, boards, and commissions (Swift, et al.). This paper provides an analysis of the financial problems and issues associated with the local governments in Canada and the causes of these problems. It also includes an analysis of the solutions that the Canadian government has in place to solve these problems. Finance in the local government The local government obtains all their power from the provincial administration and is thus the lowest level of government in Canada. Although this has several advantages, it is a major weakness and cause of the financial problems in the local governments because the provincial authorities place strict budget requirements and limitations to the local governments. The provincial government only allows them to borrow on capital accounts thus limiting their finance sources. It is only in the most advanced local governments that more than 50 percent of their finances are derived from independent sources including tax and non-tax revenues (Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 2). Close to 15 percent of the local governments’ finances are sourced from non-tax methods. The local governments are experiencing significant fiscal pressures resulting from the fiscal restrictions of the governments by the higher authorities. Limitations in fiscal policies have forced the local governments to minimize transfers and hence enhancing a downloading aspect on them. This has created an environment that is unfavorable for revenue generation by the local governments. This is the cause of the financial problems in the local governments (Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 1). Causes of financial problems and issues Apart from the unfavorable revenue generation methods created by the fiscal constraints experienced by the country governments, several other factors are contributing to financial problems in the local governments of Canada (Coleman 11). Some of the problems are associated with the governing officials while others are natural causes. Some of these factors include: Financial mismanagement One of the common issues that lead to financial problems in the local governments in major cities is improper
Introduction In the recent past, the global governments have invested heavily in energy production due to the increase in demand. There have been environmental concerns with skeptics arguing that the process of producing energy is harmful to the environment. Besides, the consumption of energy has increased greatly over the past few decades thus necessitating the need to conserve the limited energy produced. The mentioned factors have been the driving forces for innovation in the energy production industry. Currently, the focus has shifted from the traditional production of energy, which majored on non-renewable sources, to renewable sources. Solar energy has specifically been identified as one of cleanest and cheapest sources of energy. This paper shall analyze three articles that explore the effective use of daylight during the production of energy. Literature review The article “Sun tracking system” by Eskiçirak, Akyol, and Karakaya describes the need to develop a more efficient and environment-friendly energy sources in the backdrop of the rising cost of energy and environmental concerns. The authors argue that the increased use of fuel in the production of energy is to blame for the climatic changes. The article highlights the sun, the wind, and the rain as the main sources of clean energy. The mentioned energy sources have not, however, been exploited by the energy producers. In substantiating the need for a reliable and clean source of energy, the article presents a sun tracking system with two axes (Eskiçirak, Akyol, and Karakaya 5). The system makes use of the sunlight to produce clean and inexpensive energy. The authors present the sun tracking system and demonstrate the effective use of the system. The authors break down the major elements of the system and propose a few improvements that could be made to the system to increase its efficiency. The most crucial elements of the system include “Two light dependent resistors (LDRs), 2x10K resistors, 2x10K potentiometers, BD 547 BC 557 transistors, 4x1N4004 diodes, and LM358 integrated circuit and DC motor” (Agrawal 121) The article goes further to compare the system’s voltage using two comparators namely, LM358 and OPAMP as shown in the diagram below. In making the comparison, two resistors are placed on the LDR. The working concept of the system is that when the light intensity of the LDR increases, the resistance also decreases. How the system works The voltage comparator’s output increases when the non-inverting terminal’s voltage value exceeds the voltage rate at the inverting terminal. The
Summary The title of the second article is “Who Preserves? The Protection of Historic Places in Growing and Struggling Communities” by Tom Urbaniak. The article begins by examining a critical issue that has continued to affect the sustainability of various historical landscapes and places. According to Urbaniak, many people are unaware of the political issues associated with the protection of various historic buildings, districts, streetscapes, and cultural landscapes (1). The article uses the case study of Cape Breton Regional Municipality (CBRM) because it has been struggling with various economic issues. The author identifies the importance of preservation ethos towards protecting various historical places. Municipal governments should embrace the power of preservation ethos in order to achieve the best results (Urbaniak 4). The author explains why such municipalities should select qualified individuals to plan and avail the relevant resources. This move will preserve every historical landscape. This strategy can be critical towards addressing the major challenges affecting many regions across the globe (Urbaniak 2). The article goes further to explain how various economic and political challenges can affect the sustainability of various historical locations. Presentation Conflicts have always threatened many cultural landscapes and historical structures in different parts of the world. Preservationists should, therefore take control of every situation in order to produce positive results. For instance, the author “encourages leaders and preservationists to take full advantage of political windows of opportunity to secure victories on every institutional or legal reform” (Urbaniak 2). This practice will be critical towards promoting the concept of heritage conservation. These “preconditions should be used to establish a strong municipal preservationist ethos” (Urbaniak 2). The approach will ensure every local government establishes new policies to preserve threatened historic landscapes and buildings. These issues and practices should be encouraged because many historical sites, monuments, and buildings face several threats. The article indicates clearly that different stakeholders and policymakers should be on the frontline to protect such historical structures (Urbaniak 9). Such measures should focus on various economic, environmental, and political challenges that might result in destruction. The practice will safeguard most of the heritages and historical sites for every future generation. Works Cited Urbaniak, Tom. “Who Preserves? The Protection of Historic Places in Growing and Struggling Communities.” Material Culture Review 63.1 (2006): 1-24. Print.
Institution of marriage is believed to be connected with one of the most important spheres of the human society as rules and responsibilities connected with marriage often define the life of the humanity in general. Speaking about marriage and legal rules related to it, it is necessary to highlight the fact that practices applied in different countries can be slightly or extremely different. In order to better understand similarities and differences between different countries when it comes to marriage and related practices, it is necessary to compare legal assumptions related to marriage that are implemented into practice in South Africa and KSA. In reference to South Africa and marriage, it can be stated that there is a few important trends touched upon in the case that we were supposed to read. To begin with, there is a range of rules applied to cases of extramarital children, and there is no doubt that some of them can be regarded as discriminatory due to the fact that they deprive those children who have been born outside of marriage of the right to get financial help from paternal grandparents. In fact, there are a number of difficult cases related to the problem of extramarital birth and marriage. In one of the given cases, the problem was related to law prescribing that only maternal grandparents are supposed to take care of an extramarital child in case if her of his parents are unable to do it themselves due to different financial situation or other reasons. As for KSA, having sexual relationships being unmarried remains a crime itself. This discriminatory practice is often criticized. Speaking about important trends related to marriage in South African countries, it is necessary to say that the number of possible forms of marriage has been extended almost twenty years ago, and plural marriage (only for men) was approved. Speaking about KSA, it is necessary to say that polygamy is also supposed to be an appropriate practice but in fact, the share of polygamous families in the country is relatively small. Considering the fact that polygamous relationships are supposed to be inappropriate in the majority of countries, it can be stated that the approval of such form of marriage in both countries that are discussed can be seen as an important common feature between marriage laws in South Africa and KSA. As for the differences that between the countries in terns of attitude to marriage, it is necessary to mention that the most important difference is related to laws touching upon same-sex marriage. Speaking about South Africa, it is necessary to say that it was one of the first countries to accept homosexual marriages, they were claimed to be legal more than ten years ago. Different couples living in South Africa are given the right to be seen as a real family. D