ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Topic Pursuing opportunities for career growth can be deemed a primary goal of present-day students (Chu, Jayaraman, Kyamanywa, & Ntakiyiruta, 2014). Therefore, understanding the changes that studying abroad has to offer is an important step toward exploring existing opportunities for professional growth. Although studying abroad requires significant investments, it opens a plethora of resources for further career development to students in the public health sector. Specifically, learning new skills and knowledge abroad implies sharing one’s professional experience with others and using other students’ experience as the extension of one’s own knowledge base. As a result, opportunities for a consistent acquisition of new knowledge and skills can be created, and a student becomes enabled to engage in lifelong learning (Linzer et al., 2013). Therefore, studying abroad should also be viewed as a possible means of extending one’s skills and abilities with regards to tending to the needs of patients (Hoffmann et al., 2014). Because of the options for engaging in knowledge sharing, multicultural communication, and active learning, studying abroad serves as a powerful tool for increasing students’ competencies in the public health domain, thus increasing their chances to build an impressive career and obtain a position with a high-paying company. Goals Defining how studying abroad helps further the careers of students in the public health sector is a key goal of this study. Particularly, the research seeks to identify the factors that affect career options for learners who study abroad. Thus a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon a
The debate on whether exposure to media violence plays a role in influencing aggressive or violent behavior is a critical one. There are those who argue that exposure to media violence encourages violent behavior while others oppose the notion. Those who support the idea like Nancy Signorielli argue that exposure to media violence prompts people to have a notion that the world is a violent place. This desensitizes them so that they begin adapting unacceptable behavioral traits. Facts The pro side of the argument clearly brings out the fact that media violence has a long time effect on the people especially the children. They are desensitized and tend to become aggressive or fearful. The argument against the connection has however been clearly brought out the fact that media violence has significantly increased in the resent past yet cases of real-life violence have significantly reduced. Opinions The argument for the existence of a connection between the two proposes that people exposed to media violence are more likely develop aggressive behavior than those who are not. It is stated that the media does not clearly bring out the fact that crime is bad and people in the long run tend to ape aggressive behavior from the same. Those arguing against it on the other hand insist that studies show no connection between the two. They are of the opinion that exposure of media viole
Introduction The book “Black like me” by John Howard Griffin was published in 1961 for the first time, which coincided with the beginning of the Civil movement. It brought him both notoriety among those, who were accused implicative of racism and international respect and the place of a leading advocate in a Civil Rights Movement. The book is an account of the trip of a white journalist who takes the risk to go on a six-week trip to racially discriminated Southern states in the likeness of a black man. During this trip he takes notes in a form of a diary about everything which is the store for any black man, living in this country. Main body The first thing which occurs after reading this book is that it is a truly remarkable piece of writing, needed at the time it was published. It is a most opportune work that explores national identity and denies racial segregation of the time. One might even say that this book is a try to equalize black and white people in their rights. And still, the question arises, how successful was that try. As one of the best cons in this book, I see that the author and the character of the book are the same people. John Griffin went on his quest to find out what the real situation was with civil rights and how bad it was. It is a brave deed on the side of the author. After being transformed into a black man, he discovers that life can bring really hard times just thanks to your color of skin. Unfortunately, sometimes it predetermines one’s fortune in life. Considering the episodes of the book, the episode on the bus can not be lost on the reader. It is defined as a climax of the book as it shows how far the hatred between black and white went. When every slight attempt to compromise is excepted with sarcasm and misunderstanding. This episode is very touching as it allows everybody to feel compassion for the poor man who just attempted to be a gentleman and compassion for a blind lady who failed to see a good goal standing behind this deed. Both black and white people failed to show their real identity in each other’s presence. Thus, black and white didn’t know the real identity of each other. Then, one of the most memorable episodes, depicted in the book is the episode, with the check, which shows makes one ask himself why did it happen to those poor people or the other episode, where a black man is limited even in the basic conveniences like a restroom. Conclusion The book “Black like me” is a breakthrough to a certain extent as it is like no other book that gives an insight into the inner problem of the country in general and some of its parts in particular. The fact that this book had such strong feedback proves that the issues it studies were crucial for the society of that time. It is nothing more than the fact that day in day out people suffered from those issues unable to change anything. But as at least one white man rushes to do something to change the bad fortune of a black one, it is a token of hope for futu
The Production Overview Sister Act is the famous Broadway musical which could also be seen at the Fox Theatre during November nights. This fact is important because many people interested in musical and comedy should see Sister Act which can be discussed as the funny and impressing show. The show is based on the music by Alan Menken, and the variety of wonderful songs the lyrics to which is written by Glenn Slater is presented in the musical. The story written by Cheri Steinkellner and Bill Steinkellner is based round the person of Deloris Van Cartier who became the witness of a crime and should have been hidden in a convent where this diva changed her life and the life of Mother Superior and other sisters. The character of Deloris Van Cartier was played by Raven Simone. The Environment The musical show could be seen at the Fox Theatre which is the effectively arranged performing arts center. While discussing the settings, it is important to note that decorative elements were chosen carefully not to draw the audience’s attention from the persons of singers. On the contrary, the dresses of the singers were rather vivid when the elements of show were accentuated, and they were rather simple when the events in a convent were discussed. The most important and vivid factors were the observed behaviors of the singers who attracted the attention of the audience from the
The primary source that is to be analyzed in the paper is the article called “800 Supporters of Sal Castro March on School Board”. The author, Ruben Salazar, was the first Mexican-American reporter working for Los Angeles Times (where he published the present text). The source does not contain any official documentation on the case; yet, it describes real court proceedings. The publication date is October 7, 1969, shortly after Sal Castro, who was a public school teacher in the East Los Angeles School, inspired his students to take part in the student movement (“blowout”) in order to express their protest against discrimination of Mexicans in educational institutions. The culture of the region, which was characterized by deeply rooted racial prejudices, triggered the Chicano walkouts. The main issue described in the article is the rally organized by Sal Castro’s supporters to protest against the transfer of the teacher. The major problem that caused this reaction of the general public was that, according to the chairman of the board-created Mexican-American Education Commission, “assigning Castro to a downtown job while the board of review was studying the case, a board rule had been violated”, which the court denied (Salazar, 1969, para. 6). It is rather difficult to make conclusions on the position of the author since he does not develop any personal point in the article. The language of it is rather neutral: Salazar avoids any kind of judgment on Castro’s actions and personality, calling him a “controversial teacher” (Salazar, 1969, para. 1). However, knowing that the author himself is Mexican, it is still possible to trace some evaluative points. For instance, he stresses the fact that the marchers were peaceful even though they seemed unfriendly to the court (Salazar, 1969). Such close attention to details is the most demonstrative example to prove that the source is credible. The intended audience of the article is rather broad. It is written in the form of a brief report without any discussion of the issue. The prestige of the newspaper ensures accuracy and reliability of the information provided. However, it produces rather a negative impact on the rhetorical strategy. Salazar was limited in expressive means; that is why he totally refrained from any radical statements (“controversial teacher”, “alleged conspiracy”) (Salazar, 1969, para. 3). It is likely that Salazar prepared the document because he was tasked to update the population of the region with the latest news on the case. The occasion for its creation was the rally itself, which
Introduction The formation of market relations, with a priority on economic criteria, in modern systems of health care enforces a particular view of theorists and practitioners of such systems. Such view can be seen as the main focus of the discipline of the health economics, which is concerned with the problem of resource allocation in health care from the perspective of efficiency and equity. In that regard, this paper analyzes the subject of health care market, its characteristics, distinctions, and the process of decision making, in the context of health economics. Health Market and Other Markets The main distinctions of health market can be assessed in the context of competition. In terms of structure, the relation of supply and demand outlines the main difference between the structure of the health care market and other structures. In that regard, comparing the structure of health care market and perfect competition market, i.e. an idealized model of the real world, the main distinctions can be seen in the following (Mills and Gilson, 1998):   * Limitation on the number of suppliers and barriers for entry   * Heterogeneity of the services   * The difficulty in collating price and quality   * Uncertainty and the lack of information   * The large number of non-profit organizations   * The existence of a mediator between the supplier and the client In terms of markets in general, the unique characteristics of the health market can seen in the following aspects:   * Having consumption and investment elements   * The costs are high in relation to income   * Clients are involved in the production   * Consumption or non-consumption decisions might be irreversible (Mills and Gilson, 1998) Health care Market and Price Setting The services provided by health care are not different from other goods, as they are also scarce and require allocations. However, an important factor that is considered, when setting the prices for health care services is the balance between efficiency and equity. In that regard, efficiency, i.e. “resources being used to get the best value for money” (Palmer and Torgerson, 1999), is a reflection of the price and the allocation of goods in a free market. On the other hand, the equity perspective in health care provides arguments against market-based considerations when setting the process and allocating the services and goods. The main arguments can be summarized as follows:   * Equity pursuit counterbalances inequality in income, while market exacerbates it.   * Market assumes self interest, while equity represents a concern for the well being of others Thus, if assuming the market model with no intervention or equity pursuit, it will result in that those who are most likely to be sick being unable to afford health care. Health Care Services and Decisions It can be stated that, although equity, as
Introduction In the “Etiology of Hysteria” Sigmund Freud based his argument on the Seduction Theory. In this theory, he argued that only early childhood sexual molestation could cause hysteria. Hysteria is a condition in which the subconscious mind attempts to reduce stress. It results from a weak biological and neurological body system. Therefore, hysteria is hereditary most of the times. Hysteria has a trigger effect caused by traumatic events like an accident or a molestation ordeal (Gay and Freud 96). A case study of Desire and Discontent At first, Freud attributed hysteria with “real experiences”. These real experiences at childhood appeared during adulthood causing hysteria. However, after a year Freud abandoned this Theory of Seduction. Together with other neurologists, they came up with the Psychoanalytic Theory. In this theory, nurture but not nature was the main cause of hysteria. Through the study of people suffering from mental disturbances, hysteria symptoms included constant seizures, paralysis, hallucinations and amnesia. Hysteria was a social but not a physical condition. (Gay and Freud 99) In his “Letters to Fleiss” Freud turned to Biology and Pathology to unlock the jinx of hysteria. Hysteria is a condition of the mind that consists of mental processes, which are unreal. These processes include memory, affection and motivation. In the Psychoanalytic Theory, unconscious processes take place in the form of slips of the mind, dreams and visions (Gay and Freud 114) along with forgotten memo
Introduction Words can have different themes attached to them, and cultural bias shapes these associations. Cultural bias is the capacity to distinguish different predispositions in our lives. This is the report on the interviews on people’s perceptions and knowledge on the City Colleges of Chicago campus on the culture-specific word “Santeria.” This project is done to evaluate the different perceptions of people about the ethnographic or ethnological word and the most common superstitions about it. It is the initial step to seeing how our psychological cycles work. In science, analysts attempt to recognize research participants’ biases to have the most precise outcomes and information conceivable. Methodology The methodology used in this project is the face-to-face interview on whether the responders ever heard the word “Santeria . ” Interviews assist a researcher with clarifying, better comprehending and investigating research subjects’ perspectives, conduct, encounters, wonder, and social assessment. Interviews are capable of offering data according to participants’ points of view instead of being approached to squeeze those viewpoints into the restricted reaction choices given by the analyst. Furthermore, on the grounds that subjective meetings are intended to evoke itemized data, they are particularly helpful when a specialist’s point is to concentrate on friendly cycles. The interviews with three people from the collected 20 were selected as the most relevant representatives of the study. Most of the surveyed people were students of my age, and a couple of professors also participated in the project. The interview took place in comfortable places such as the campus cafeteria and took about 5 to 15 minutes per person. The questions asked in the interview were:   * Have you ever heard the word “Santeria”?   * What kind of associations do you have with this word? These questions are relevant because they do not hint at the origin or cultural link of the word. I also noted the reactions and changes in voice tone of the responders so I could identify their attitudes towards the topic. Interview Interview Subject #1: The White Caucasian Male Student. Professional Scope: Economics   * Me: Have you ever heard the word “Santeria”?   * Him: No.   * Me: Maybe you have some association with this word? Anything familiar?   * Him: It seems like some Latin word, but I have no idea what it can be. The Tone of The Conversation:   * The student seemed confused by the question. His facial expressions were neutral, and he tried hard to think of the meaning of the word “Santeria.” Interview Subject #2: The African American Female Student. Professional Scope: Literature and Languages   * Me: Have you ever heard the word “Santeria”?   * Her: I do not think so.   * Me: What kind of associations do you have with this word?   * Her: Well, I can only assume it is a rare ancient word. Mayb
Red Flags in the company There are several red flags in the company’s operations. Phil Ackers, the president brought Julie Roper to be his personal assistant when his previous assistant left the company. Hope has allowed Julie Roper to assist her in the concession booth operations yet Julie is the one who orders the concessions. Julie also assists in the sales of tickets when it comes to group tickets sales. She calls the staff at the ticket booth and tells them to set the tickets apart. She also assists Michelle in receiving accounts receivable. Julie is too eager to help especially in sensitive company operations. Tucker Johnson, the general manager, does not like paperwork so he has let the equipment manager, Sam, order, receive, and keep the company equipment. There is no segregation of duties in this department. Ben Hill is a high-risk employee. He may be living well beyond his means. He may be facing a lot of financial pressure to sustain his lifestyle. He has several ex-wives who he may be supporting in alimony and child support. He lacks integrity and faithfulness. He had started dating most of his ex-wives when he was still dating the previous wife. When he got a new bonus he blew it all on a car which he uses to attract women. Phil Ackers, the president has also let him run the day-to-day operations the way he sees fit due to his great performance. These are the people who have the opportunity, the time, and the motive to commit fraud in the organization. Internal Controls in the Company Operations There are several weaknesses in the controls of the company. The internal controls over equipment management are weak and can be easily exploited by Sam, the equipment manager. He is able to order equipment that the company does not need for his own personal use. He is the one who gives the order, receives the equipment, and gives the receiving report to Michelle to follow up for payment. There are also weaknesses in the internal controls that the company has over the concessions. Julie Roper has the opportunity to commit fraud in this department. When she arrived in the company, it was noted that she wanted to assist and even take over some of the operations that the former president’s assistant did not handle. Her motives may not be genuine. She may be out not
When a counseling intervention is intended to benefit a patient, ethical considerations appear. It is critical for healthcare practitioners to have an ethical framework to use at the stage of the counseling interventions. Because of the potential for adverse outcomes, it is critical for healthcare practitioners to have some framework in place to assist them in evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of taking action (or not taking action) in order to make ethical judgments (Kurpad, 2018). Two of the ethical standards can be considered as the most important: non-maleficence, benevolence. Firstly, non-maleficence, which is intended to assess the risk of the intervention from different points of view. In order not to bring more harm to the issue, counseling specialists should properly weigh possible outcomes and the consequences of the intervention. An example would be if an unskilled therapist attempted to deal with domestic violence in a person who was abusing alcohol, an issue that requires training and sensitivity. Several difficulties may develop during the intervention, including safeguarding the family from more violence, resolving legal issues, and attempting to modify the patient’s overall conduct (Kurpad, 2018). Thus, the ethical issue of non-maleficence is crucial at the stage of counseling intervention. Secondly, benevolence should be the primary goal and the foundation of any counseling intervention. In other words, the ethics of doing good should be at the forefront of any intervention. When patients seek care, they are often quite vulnerable, especially if they are in a crisis. When it comes to interventions, they don’t always know what they want to achieve. Any counseling intervention must be evidence-based in order to be effective (Kurpad, 2018). A well-trained therapist should be able to determine whether the patient is truly benefiting from the treatment. Thus, the ethics of beneficence plays a vital role in the overall process of counseling intervention.
Any significant historic event can have an immense impact at both societal and individual level. Under certain circumstances, it may leave almost indelible scars in the lives of people. Such phenomenon as post-combat trauma has recently become a subject of thorough psychological analysis, because a great number of soldiers are not able to overcome the haunting memories of the past, which may eventually result in insanity or even suicide. As regards cinematography, it would not be an exaggeration to say, that film-makers pay special attention to this problem. Among the most prominent works, dedicated to this issue, we can single out such movies as Peppermint Candy , directed by Lee Chang-dong and White Badge , produced by Jeong Ji- yeong. Both these films portray people, struggling against their past, which brings the horrors of war and violence back to them. Prior to analyzing these films, it is of the crucial importance for us to discuss such notion as psychological trauma. According to Cathy Caruth, this notion can be defined as an “intense personal suffering”, which is primarily caused by a stressful situation in the past (Caruth, 7). The scholar argues that soldiers or people, who have lived through any armed conflict, tend to suffer from the so-called survivor guilt, and very often they deem themselves unworthy of living. As a rule, the main reason of this disease is the lack of support and understanding. Overall, it is quite possible for us to say that even now psychologists have not come to the consensus as to the most optimal treatment mode, because in the overwhelming majority of cases, they can give virtually no assistance to such people. Korean film Peppermint Candy tells the story of a person, who has been an active participant of the Kwangju uprising that took place in 1980. What was initially supposed to be peaceful demonstration, turned into a bloodshed, which left approximately one hundred and eighty people dead. This event had a profound effect on political and cultural life in South Korea. The country took pro-western course and soon became one of the world superpowers. Yet, there were some victims, who were completely disregarded by official statistics; Yong-ho, the main character of the film is one of them. As far as the structure of this movie is concerned, it should be pointed out that the order of events is delib