ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
General Information Children’s Apperception test also known as CAT is a rather famous kind of psychological testing for children from three to ten years old. The test was designed to determine children’s personality qualities and psychological issues together with the social or intimate problems that bother them on the stages of their lives and developments when the test is conducted. Children’s Apperception test is made in a form of creative storytelling based on the set of drawings adapted specially for the children. Children’s Apperception Test was developed in 1949 by a psychiatrist and a psychologist called Leopold Bellak and Sonya Sorel Bellak (Children’s Apperception Test 2014). The test was designed based on another well known test called Thematic Apperception Test that was created by Henry Murray. Bellak and Bellak later developed another version of their CAT, it was called CAT-H, and it was adjusted for the older children and adolescents so that the pictures for the storytelling looked more suitable for more mature test participants. This renewed version of CAT was released in 1965. The latest published version of CAT appeared in 1993. Today, the test and its versions are widely available online together with many examples and explanations. The test can be accessed for free through the internet. Besides, all the versions and supplements of the test including CAT-A, CAT-H, and CAT-S can be purchased for forty three to forty five dollars each (Apperception Techniques 2012). Variations of CAT used to be very popular within the first several decades after the test first was created. Over time its popularity went down, yet even today, sixty five years after the invention of the test, it is still widely used by the councilors and children’s psychologists all around the world. Test Description The purpose of Children’s Apperception Test is to uncover and identify issues a child may be dealing with at a certain period of their life. The test detects psychological disorders and the children’s attitudes and personalities though their projective responses to the drawings of the test featuring animals or humans in various social situations. It is assumed that forming a story based on the pictures, a child would employ concepts and words that are the most common in their surroundings, the child would also identify themselves with certain characters of their stories and describe various situations that seem problematic for them. The psychologist conducting the test is the perso
Introduction The problem of accessing social services and receiving state support after retirement is becoming an increasingly large concern. Particularly, the question of whether age or need should provide the basis for determining one’s eligibility for receiving state support after retirement should be seen as an important issue. Because of the current propensity toward focusing on people’s needs, especially as far as vulnerable groups are concerned, the shift toward a need-based retirement framework is expected. The identified change is expected to cause a range of alterations, which will affect people of all social backgrounds. Main body There are several positive changes that are likely to be observed after a new approach toward the provision of social services is integrated into modern policies. Specifically, the use of a need-based framework for social security will help to address some of the current social disparities, which may reach an even greater scale in the future. Specifically, people living in underserviced areas will require substantial assistance to service after retirement. Thus, the opportunity for retaining what Moody and Sasser (2014) defined as “justice between generations” will become possible (p. 332). With the use of a need-based approach toward providing social services, one will meet the principles of not only equality but also equity, which is critical for disadvantaged populations, as well as the groups that currently do not have a voice in the modern U.S. society. However, the financial aspect of changes within the current social security framework should be seen as a point of concern when considering future implications of the current trends. For instance, Moody and Sasser (2014) point to the fact that most of the current alterations to the social security framework are justified by the financial crisis that is expected to ensue as a result of the recent mistakes made in the financial and political domains. The described issue will be of particular significance to Generation Y, which has been already affected by financial concerns such as increasing student loans and mortgage issues (Kennedy, 2017). Thus, among the key changes that the alterations to the social security system will include in the future, an increase in my retirement age and a drop in t
A contract is a mutual agreement of obligation between two people or parties reaching consent. In most cases, such commitments are enforced by the law. The arrangement involves one side making an offer, which the other party accepts. A contract consists of such elements as offer and acceptance, appropriate consideration, and legality (Eisenberg, 2018). The parties involved should also have the contractual capacity to commit to the pact. Applying the law in contracting means that there are consequences if any participant forfeits the rules pertaining to the engagement. Therefore, breach of contract necessitates legal measures for failing to honor the deal or hindering the execution of the promise by the other party. This negligence is a case of punitive damage for which the complainant requires compensation for money and time wastage. The scenario presented involves two individuals, Johnny, who is not a merchant under the Uniform Commercial Code, and his neighbor Mark, from whom he offers to buy a car for $30,000. The latter requires some time to consider the offer to which Johnny agrees and puts down in writing that his proposition is going to remain open for fourteen days. After a week, Johnny sees another car that fascinates him, buys it and informs Mark of his intention to revoke the initial offer. In response, Mark insists that Johnny’s proposal was in writing and still holds it. Johnny apologizes, saying he cannot keep the agreement but promises to give mark $10,000 for the assistance that he had received from him in the previous year around the house. Appeased, Mark accepts only for Johnny to annul his second pledge after a week. The former decides to sue Johnny for breach of contract on the two commitments, buying the car and the $10,000 offer. There was a valid contract between the two, but Johnny dissipated both Marks’s time and money. He Hastily offers to buy the car instead of informing him that he hasn’t made a final decision and needs to check more cars before settling on one. Johnny also made the mistake of writing down his promise to Mark. Purchasing a car requires a lot of research and inquiries instead of choosing the first option due to the availability of more varieties that might even be cheaper in the market. After being approached by Mark, Johnny should have told him that he had not made a final decision because he still wanted to look around; therefore, he was unwilling to commit. The promising note written by Johnny caused the car to be withheld from other customers willing to purchase it. Mark, the car owner, had the opportunity to sell the machine, but he had the integrity to hold it. Johnny’s actions concerning the car are wrong, and he deserves to pay for them. There is evidence of a
Introduction The first Starbucks cafe was founded in Seattle about half a century ago. Currently, this company operates in six continents and has grown to the largest coffeehouse chain in the world. Its core philosophical principles imply that each visitor needs to experience the best service and get a coffee drink of the superior quality. Moreover, the chairman, Howard Schultz, is targeted at making Starbucks accessible to the customers. That is why Starbucks has become the most recognized coffee brand over the last several decades. The expansion of this coffeehouse chain has significantly increased its brand awareness, but at the same time, it imposed risks on compliance with sustainable business practices because of the mass production, energy and water consumption, waste management, and social responsibility policies. At the turn of the twenty-first century, Starbucks operations resulted in considerable environmental impact. Therefore, the company decided to launch a range of initiatives and programs aligned with sustainable practices and regulations. Currently, an audit is necessary for Starbucks because it is deeply concerned about reducing the number of non-recyclable materials and restricted use of plastic in favor of paper or other biodegradable components. Business Greening Program General tendency promoting development and implementation of corporate social responsibility evolved at the end of the previous century. That was the time when Starbucks launched its first initiatives directed at sustainability and decreased environmental impact. The key idea of sustainable development outlines the linkage between
Introduction: The Brentford Area and the Challenge of the Takeaway Meals Idea The idea of home-cooked meals is not new; it seems that the meal-producing companies have been claiming since the dawn of time that their production does not differ from home cooking. However, it seems that in the Brentford area, running a business which involves providing healthy home-cooked takeaway food is rather promising. However, to be one hundred percent sure that the local residents will welcome the new takeaway service with open arms, a thorough research on the customer’s profile must be carried out; otherwise, the supply will not meet the demand. Concerning the Customer’s Profile Taking a closer look at the customer’s profile, one can see what exactly the takeaway service must be aimed at. Local demographics and the takeaway facilities It is crucial that, according to London borough of Hunslow. Bedford area action plan (2007), the takeaway services have not been fully established in Brentford yet, which gives reasons to think that the venture in question is going to be successful. Customer research details: the population density It is also essential to take the population density into account to figure out the best approach towards the locals. According to the information offered by Iselworth and Brentford area profile report (2004), the total population makes 41,659, which is quite a humble number. In addition, as it is stated in London borough of Hunslow. Bedford area action plan , “The population density of Brentford’s wards is 27.7 people per hectare, based on average of densities across the three wards ( London borough of Hunslow. Bedford area action plan , 2007, p. 23). Therefore, it can be considered that the population density is small. Thus, it is clear that the service must offer something to attract every client. However, with small population like this, it can also be expected that most of the population will soon find out about the service. The national statistics: some issues to consider It is also quite peculiar that the people in the Brentford area are mostly white (74% according to ( London borough of Hunslow. Bedford area action plan , 2007, p. 52). In addition, it is quite important that the male life expectancy in Brentford is the lowest in England and makes 72.9 years. Thus, the emphasis in the promotion campaign must be on middle-aged European men; it will be reasonable to stress that the takeaway meals offered by the service improve health and increase life expectancy. About the customer’s demand and the opportunities It is also extremely important that the health issues in the Brentford area leave much to be desired. According to the information o
Introduction The use of energy sources alternative to fossil fuels has become an essential issue in the energy industry. Research and policies are aimed at finding sustainable sources of energy that would be renewable and effective. The exhaustion of natural resources such as gas, oil, and coal leads to irreversible and destructive changes in the environment and climate of the planet. Therefore, some countries and international organizations have implemented innovative methods of energy consumption and distribution that would be based on biomass. One of such countries that pioneered in the sphere of the use of bioenergy on a national scale is Austria. This European country has occupied a solid place of a leader in the supply of bioenergy for industrial and housekeeping needs. Since the world is now on the verge of shifting to low-carbon industries and the usage of renewable sources of energy, it is vital to learn from the Austrian experience. In this paper, the mechanisms of biomass use, particular technologies, forms of biomass, policies in Austria will be investigated to learn about the current and future of bioenergy, as well as its impact on the environment. Current Bioenergy Use in Austria Austria is one of the first countries of the world that has shifted to the use of bioenergy as one of the branches of its domestic energy policy. The world now changes the economies from polluting and depleting to clean and sustainable (Hakkarainen, Hannula, & Vakkilainen, 2019). However, Austria already has a great amount of experience since it started using bioenergy in the 1990-s and has built significant baggage of technologies and strategies in this field (Bacovsky & Matschegg, 2019). Such a broad implementation of biomass in energy production is the core of a bioeconomy strategy, which aims at “sustained reduction in fossil energy use and consumption of materials produced from fossil fuels” (“Bioenergy: Technology of the future,” 2019, para. 1). The strategic decisions made in the field of bioenergy use contribute to the achievement of the country’s goal to become a more competitive economy on the global scale (“Bioenergy: Technology of the future,” 2019). Thus, Austria plans both its domestic and international growth on the basis of its strengths. It is evident that one of the main strong sides of Austria is its forest areas. The reason why the case of this country has been so successful is because 47.9 % of the country’s territory is covered with forests (Bacovsky & Matschegg, 2019). The economy of the state is based on the wood industry, which provides the materials to be used as bioenergy. The share of biomass in the consumption of energy in Austria has risen from 9% in 1990 to 17% in 2013, and the number grows each year (Bacovsky & Matschegg, 2019). As of today, the share of biomass in the energy industry comprises 32% (“Bioenergy in Austria: A factor creating added value,” n. d.). Thus, the current situation in the sphere of Austrian usage of bioenergy is characterized by various technologies, forms of biomass,
Introduction The Mary Gates Hall is a testament to modern architecture that incorporates or builds on the architecture design of picturesque drawings of prior architects. The research focuses on architectural design. The research zeroes in on the architectural design of Mary Gates Hall. The best of architecture incorporates the environmental influences for future generations to appreciate and understand the heritage of prior architectural designs. Original Architectural design Based on pictures 1 , the new architectural masterpiece is the metamorphosis of a former physics building. The Mary Gates Hall was named after Bill and Mary Gates donated $10 million to aid the students of diverse backgrounds as they learn the rudiments of their trade and crafts needed to succeed in life’s struggles after the students’ graduation. The Mary Gates Hall is an L-shaped building. Bill and Mary Gates donated money for the structural support of the University of Washington’s endeavor to mold the leaders of the United States’ future. The building faces the School’s library location. The exterior walls are the remaining skeletal structure of the former physics area. The historically designed walls are renovated with modern-day trusses. The same hall has new plaster sections that bring the ambiance of a gracious as well as spacious elegantly architecture interior study area space. The architectural design of Mary Gates Hall persuasively entices the students to focus on their studies. The Mary Gates Hall was architecturally intended to present elegant interior designs for students eagerly pursuing their higher learning activities. The Hartman- Cox-inspired building had been designed to showcase relevant and valid exhibitions of priceless and meaningful art collections. The building’s architectural design is to ensure the centrality of a college education within the University of Washington. The centralization is geared towards ensuring the housing and centralization of the educational materials (books and other references) and students of the University of Washington. In addition, the Mary Gates Hall includes the dean’s office, the Gateway Center, the University Honors Program, the University of Washington dream project, and the Center for Experiential Learning, Office of Minority Affairs and Diversity. Further, the Mary Gates Hall had won many prestigious architectural and other related awards for its influential contribution to the United States educational system. The Mary Gates Hall won The 2000 Masonry Institute of Washington Excellence in Masonry Design Awards. The same Mary Gates Hall also won the 2000 International Union of Bricklayer and Alli
The breakdown decomposition degradation or removal of toxic contaminants from the environment is called bioremediation (Aislabie, 2012). Microorganisms are introduced into the contaminated soil to carry out normal functions (Nester, 2001). Microorganisms act on the contaminated soils to neutralize the contaminants. The organisms include bacteria, fungi, and plants to mention a few (Perfumo, 2007). The organisms alter the composition of the contaminants by carryout their normal life activities. The waste management technique can be done on the site of contamination or on a neutral waste disposal site. Advanced technologies are employed in the treatment of contaminants (Walworth, 2007). The techniques include bioventing, bioaugmentation, and bioleaching to mention a few. The organisms utilized during bioremediation are called bioremediators. The organisms are introduced on the site of contamination to degrade the contaminants. Waste management is a necessity because of the effect of the contaminants to human health. These contaminants pose health risk to humans and the environment. A study conducted by Simon revealed that waste managements could reduce the effect of toxic spills by 13 percent (2010). Reasons for the technology Environmental studies suggest that oil contaminant causes severe health challenges. This accounts for the rise in toxic related diseases and infant mortality. Bioremediation technology mitigates these contaminants (Walworth, 2007). Observations are ongoing to ascertain the effects of bioremediation on the soil and its effect on human health. Human beings and Plants suffer similar risk to contamination of the soil. The polluted soil makes it difficult to cultivate crops and grow animals. Contaminants block the passage of soil nutrients and the blockage affects the circulation of soil nutrients. Such situations make the soil infertile and toxic for agriculture. The contaminants reduce the fertility of the soil. Three important agents are present during bioremediation processes. The agents are; the contaminant, the electron acceptor and a suitable microorganism. The degraded material adds nutrients to the environment. For example, degraded hydrocarbons react with oxygen to cause aerobic respiration. Although these microorganisms have their limits, they combine well under favorable conditions to influence the degradation of various contaminants (Swannell, 2010). Industrial waste constitutes 65 percent of the world’s toxic materials. The emergence of bioremediation technology is a positive development in curbing the effects of the contaminants. Sveum suggested the use of five microorganisms to reduce the toxicity of industrial contaminants (2008). These microorganisms include; Pseudomonas,
Learning and development is an important element of human resource development. The world over, corporations and other organizations are increasingly appreciating the need to engage comprehensive plans for learning and development in a bid to improve the productivity of their workforce hence becoming more competitive. This competitiveness as a result of higher productive workforce gives these organizations added advantage in the market improving their ability to deliver products and services and hence the ability to generate returns. Holistically, the organization is also said to be engaged in a learning process through its experiences over its time of existence. This paper looks at the theoretical aspects of learning and development within the organizational context. One important difference exhibited by scholars on learning and development in the organizational context boils down to whether emphasis is on technical process or social process. The technical aspect is based on the understanding that the process of learning and development in an organization is mainly aimed ensuring better interpretation, processing as well as response to information both within as well as without the organization. Indeed an organization is said to be engaged in a learning process if it manages to change a range of its behaviors as a result of efficient and accurate interpretation and processing of information. The different units of the organization can acquire valuable knowledge which has the potential to make the organization operate better (Bruhn, & Gibson, 2006, p34). One important concept is the distinction between single and double-loop learning. Single loop learning entails the ability of the organization to detect and correct errors occurring in the processes and in consideration of the parameters established to control variables. An organization which has well devised mechanism to continually engage in corrective measures has a better chance of improving its efficiency internally. Double-loop learning on the other hand involves making relevant alterations with the aim of improving the existing processes in the organization. This difference is critical as it spells out the process of organizational change. Consequently, single-loop learning entails incremental changes and adaptations while double-loop learning entails more radical adjustments often involving radical changes in strategy for the organization. The double-loop learning is thus superior to single-loop learning (Klein, & Kieslowski, 2000, p45). The criteria to determine whether to apply single-loop or double-loop learning are also an important concern for many authors. Several challenges emerge from this requirement. An example is the exploration and exploitation of technology. Exploration should lead to the emergence of new knowledge which can lead to a radical shift in the organization. This leans in the double-loop learning concept. Exploitation of technology is more likely to lead to an improvement in the organization’s performance in the short term meaning that it leans more towards single-loop learning. The most import