ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abortion is one of the most common problems in the modern world. This problem causes fierce opposition in society and includes religious, ethical, medical, social, and legal aspects. The essay is going to discuss the ethical dilemma around abortion and apply Christian ethics to the problem. According to Christian ethics, abortion should be considered the same as the murder of a human being, however, at the same time, there is controversy regarding the presented issue. Two opposing points of view have developed around such a complex and delicate topic in bioethical literature. Abortion is a purely personal, intimate problem that does not concern anyone except the woman herself, in which no one should interfere (Faúndes & Miranda, 2017). It is simply one of the medical operations, and as with every surgical operation, all problems are solved by the doctor and the patient. In short, this point of view can be said as follows: abortion is a medical problem. The second point of view is the opposite pole: abortion offends a moral feeling. Therefore there is a moral, ethical problem, and a very complex one. After all, before she comes to a doctor, a woman solves a moral problem – the life or death of a future person – and even after she turns to a doctor, the ethical meaning of the problem not only does not disappear but becomes even more complicated. A third person is involved in it – the doctor, and if they do their job, they become an accomplice in the murder. The main argument of opponents of abortion is the following: the fetus is a human being. Therefore, it has the right to life, so abortion is murder. There are several additional arguments to support this basic argument. Among them are indications that the mother is biologically and socially responsible for her child since he or she is a helpless creature in need of a mother, non-autonomous (meaning unable to survive in any other way). Before this creature, the mother, however, like the father, also has a special responsibility, since it is not a creature alien to them, but flesh from their flesh, blood from their blood. Therefore, there is a biological and moral duty of the strong to protect and take care of the weak (Zulu et al., 2018). As for the rights and interests of the mother, when comparing them with the rights and interests of the child, there is a possibility of an axiological preference for the goods of the latter. After all, no one knows what will become an unborn human being, and maybe it will be the greatest genius. The fire of criticism is focused on the main argument of the opponents of abortion that the fetus is a human being. More precisely, not on this statement itself, but on the understanding of what meaning is put into the concept of “human being.” It is possible to agree that the embryo is a human being. However, at the same time, it is proposed to think about the question if t
Over the past decades, there have been substantial developments in how organizations and managers see employees. Research in management highlighted the essential effects of employee motivation, engagement, organizational culture, and other workforce factors on the performance of companies. As a result, most managers today focus on creating a positive environment for employees to work in so that they can be more productive. These developments also gave rise to new divisions of management, including human resources management and human relations management. The difference between these two approaches was first explored by Miles (1965). The author explains that the human resources approach focuses more on organizational efficiency, whereas the human relations approach aims to establish and maintain excellent relationships between employees and the management (Miles, 1965). While most researchers and managers choose to focus more on human resource management, human relations can also benefit organizations in several ways. The present paper will seek to discuss the function of human relations in an organization. Since research contributes to the practice of human relations, the difference between laboratory research and field research in this area of management will
Introduction The Zachman Framework was introduced in 1984 as an attempt to systematize the understanding of enterprise architecture using a primitive approach. The fundamental concepts of the framework have been preserved. However, the minor details and concepts were altered to make the framework more precise and accessible. The first iteration of the framework, known as information systems framework at the time, had only three columns instead of six, which was attributed to an author’s attempt to make it more approachable (Mary & Rodrigues, 2012). The earliest iteration also contained several models that did not align with the framework’s approach, such as IDEFO notations, IMS Root-Segment Diagram, and Chen Diagram, among others. Due to the fact that they were composite constructs, it was decided to substitute them with primitive models, which eventually became the fundamental principle of the Framework’s evolution (Mary & Rodrigues, 2012). The expanded version of the model featuring all six columns was introduced in 1992. Some changes were made in the language of the framework, such as the addition of the terms Owner, Designer, and Builder for clarity. Since the newly introduced columns were scarcely supported by precedents at the time, the same models were used to describe them. The columns were then briefly retracted the next year to simplify the process of delivery of the framework to the stakeholders. The 1993 iteration also introduced adjectives into rows in an attempt to emphasize their transformational nature and exclude misinterpretation. Finally, this version used a pictogram of a world map instead of a map of the United States to mark the international applicability of the model. Next, in the 2001 version, the first major changes were made to the models. The process component was eliminated from the Chen diagram, and the controls and mechanisms were removed from several columns, thus converting them to primitive models. The idea of transformation as a principle of row organization was further emphasized by the introduction of colors. The wording was further refined to clearly distinguish abstractions from instances and thus separate the result from the rest of the architecture. The next milestone in the evolution occurred in 2004 with the transition to business terminology, which dramatically increased the scope of
The Green Building Leadership (LEED) is specifically concerned with the manner in which design and planning is adopted across the globe when it comes to the construction of buildings ( LEED, 2014). Certain design models can be employed during the planning process of communities and buildings in order to enhance the overall wellbeing of society. Vital resources such as money and time are saved by LEED certified buildings (Easton, 2012). In addition, the health of residents who occupy such buildings is positively impacted owing to the safety standards put in place. One of the most outstanding attributes of LEED certified buildings is that they enhance the concept of clean renewable energy. As a green building certification program, LEED aims at establishing and initiating programs that can be adopted in order to boost green energy initiative. In other words, it proposes best-in-class practices in the construction sector. This implies that there are a number of prerequisites that must be satisfied by building projects in order to obtain certification. In addition, there are several levels of certification that building projects must learn and pass before being awarded the certificates. It is also vital to mention that there are remarkable differences in the rating systems when it comes to the issuance of credits and prerequisites. It is crucial for new buildings to adhere to design standards provided by law owing to the numerous benefits of such constructions. To begin with, LEED buildings are at a vantage position to save immensely in terms of the consumption of both water and energy resources. Residential energy bills may go as high as $2,150 per year on a typical US household. Homes that are built according to LEED specifications and standards save a lot of energy ( LEED, 2014). Minimum energy is used to heat and cool such homes whenever there is need. Moreover, LEED certified homes have limited probabilities of ductwork leakage since they are individually tested by building professionals. Both indoor and outdoor consumption of water resources are also reduced substantially. Second, proper ventilation must be incorporated in LEED-certified homes. Better still, appropriate measures must be put in place in order to minimize mildew and mold through the installation of air filters that are highly efficient. Onsite inspection is one of the operations that is usually carried out in each LEED-certified home. This increases the trust level for residents who use such homes. Contrary to other non-LEED certified homes, it feels safer to reside in residential premises that are inspected on a regular basis. It is also reassuring to learn that LEED buildings are tested on how they perform in addition to detailed documentation
Introduction There is no single religion, whether universal or local, that does not have its own beliefs about the relationship between the body and God. This can be attributed to the relevance of different types of clothes that are used in these different religions. This paper will focus on three main denominations: Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam. The paper will also look at the different religious clothes that these three denominations have and the way they use them to practice their religion. The discussions will also compare the relevance of some of the common clothes that the three religions have. Religious clothes and their importance in Christianity Christianity is arguably the most dominant denomination in the world today. Christians believe that the body is a gift from God, thus it should be treated with respect. They also believe that there is a relationship between the thought system and the body. Christians believe that an idle body is free and easily manipulated by the devil. They claim that the individual in question should have respectful thoughts about other people for the body to remain pure. Christians believe that the body withers away and the soul that was in the body goes back to God after the death of an individual. This might be the reason why Christians believe that the body is a temple of God because it holds the spirit, which is the breath of God (Price and www.abiblecommentary.com, 2010). The history of Christianity shows that early Christians had several religious clothing. One such clothing is the veil. The veil among the early Christians was used to cover the head of a woman when in the temple. The veil was a way of humbling the woman before God and a show of respect towards the woman’s husband. In this day and age, there are some groups in Christianity who still find the veil relevant in prayer. Even though there are a lot of controversies on the relevance of the veil among Christians, some of them still wear them. There are various groups of worshippers in Christianity, and some of these groups encourage their followers to wear the veil when they are praying. This is the case with Catholics where nuns wear a form of veil when they are in church. Another type of clothing that the Christians have used in their worship rituals is the cloak. The early Christians used to wear the cloak as their everyday dress. However, Christians adopted this dressing as a religious kind of dressing. In this day and age, the cloak is used by the religious leaders in Christianity. The cloak is a robe that the religious leaders wear on a daily basis. This cloak is very important for identification of the religious leaders in the institutions in que
Introduction The following report is on professional development and it specifically looks for ways of identifying the interpersonal and intrapersonal effectiveness strategies in career choice and growth. The report is about the motivational theories of interpersonal development and their relevance to my professional development. There is an assessment of my interpersonal effectiveness through ratings on the Learning Style Profiler where I discuss the results from the profile and the kind of professions that may be appropriate to me. The other aspect discussed in this report is the interpersonal effectiveness assessment findings. Interpersonal effectiveness refers to the ability to interact and communicate with other people. This affects professional development especially if someone has low interpersonal effectiveness. Working in environments that deal with people may be a challenge. The reports take into consideration the fact that one’s profession is in a social-cultural setting and how this affects the professional effectiveness. It considers how to improve intra personal and interpersonal effectiveness. Intrapersonal effectiveness This refers to the self-awareness of mental and emotional states. This awareness is imperative in today’s professional development as it develops mental and emotional effects when doing a particular task. This part will look into my evaluation of personal effectiveness and how it may be used in career development. Interpersonal development takes into consideration emotional abilities (Atkinson, 1964). To assess me, I did a test in Jackson’s Learning Profiler where it tests the learning styles. My most prominent learning style was Deep Learner as well as Sensational Leaner. As a deep learner from Jackson’s profiler, one is more inclined to have a deep sense of general knowledge. The knowledge may not have any basic application (Matthews, 1997). As a person with a high deep learning profile one may be best suited for brainstorming discussions to come up with new ideas as well as solutions. It helps to identify potential challenges and problems that may arise in the course of doing a task. The other aspect of evaluation is on one’s emotional intelligence. This is the cognition of one’s feelings concerning a particular situation. Interpersonal effectiveness involves knowing situations that trigger particular emotions like what makes one angry or happy, which will help to deal with situations. This knowledge when coupled with Kolb’s Learning Profiler test shows that I have a diverged learning style that focuses more on thinking and doing. With this set of knowledge, it becomes easy to evaluate the profession that one is likely to choose in the process of personal development (Mainemelis, 2002). The other score is instinctive learning where I had a moderate score of five. The moderate score indicates that one is more inclined to look for learning opportunities especially if the learning is a pleasurable experience to enjoy learning new th
Introduction The Volcker Rule is a part of the planned laws of the United States that originated from the Federal Reserve former chairman and economist Paul Volcker. Volcker’s move was to create restrictions to banks from selfish investing mode that were not beneficial to their clients. According to Volcker, the speculative trade system by the banks greatly contributed in 2007-2008 Wall Street meltdown, which caused a big world recession. The Volcker Rule (ban on property trading) means that clients’ deposits are used as part of the banks’ account for making profits on currencies, stocks and bonds, derivatives, commodities and several other financial instruments (Wieland, 2012). Critics against Volcker Rule Following Cheyenne (2012) analysis from SIFMA, a representative of world financial institutions, such as Bank of America, Goldman Sachs and the Blackrock, sees this move as limited to judicial scrutiny as there is evidenced fail in conduction of the system’s cost benefit analysis. It is impractical to implement the proposal as its cost benefit analysis does not meet the securities and exchange standards as reflected in the commission rule. The proposals have several unfilled gaps on dealing in underwriting, market-making trades and hedging transactions (Cheyenne, 2012). The move is seen to neglect some loopholes, such as increase on fees. Marketing banks might resolve in charging higher fees onto the investors with the restriction of holding block inventories. This might become the most probable cushioning for the banks. On the other hand, in purchase of customers’ inventory and facilitation, the marketers might decide to regulate the prices, thus going for the lower prices. The length of time taken by the inventories might also result in additional fees charged (Beck, & Wieland, 2008). Some bankers argue that The Volcker Rule may evidently result in job loses as it changes the trading pattern. Reduction in liquidity in the banks in the US securities and marketing field will lead to translocation of business enterprises to better fields outside the United States. As a result, employment will shift to those areas. The American banks’ securities and incomes employ many people internationally. On the other hand, both the non-covered entities and hedge funds were not proportioned to meet customers’ liquidity demands (Beltrame 2012). Supports to the Rule However, as per Quaadman’s (2012) article, it must be considered that the Volcker Rule was geared towards exploitation of the consumers as well as protection into any future economic crisis. As Volcker said before, it was not evident that the proposal would have impact on liquidity, and the arguments were just but superficial. At the same time, trading in proprieties is a necessary part of not only commercial banks trading but also taxpayers’ support. Hence the banks generally have no strong grounds to critics on regarding the proposal. It is also clear that the issue actually played a critical part during the recession (Quaadman 2012) Clients and banks’ conflict may be reduced with the execution of the Volcker rule. Now, the banks constantly play an advisory role as we
Introduction In general, U.S. economic policies concerning benefits for workers and citizens are broad and aimed at encouraging and easing people’s lives. It evolves permanently, adapting to the new conditions and needs of the inhabitants. Preferential conditions are intended to facilitate and support any beginning of people’s lives, such as the birth of a child. To understand what is meant by Social Security, it is necessary to analyze all the upsets of this system. Why Government Benefits Are Needed The fact is that for the practical existence of any person, he needs to maintain a balance between work and life. This balance is necessary for an individual to be a multifunctional person, solving several problems at once (The School of Life, 2015). But if a citizen works exclusively, there will not be enough time and resources for more than one purpose, but only for work and leisure. Thus, social benefits are designed to make life easier for society by providing some incentives and benefits. For example, benefits for the worker help him relieve the busyness of life and travel, devote time to family, or alternative leisure activities (Piper, 2). A program like Social Security offers such opportunities. What Is Social Security Social Security helps older Americans, workers who have lost disability, and families who have lost a spouse or parent. In 2020, about 180 million people were working and paying Social Security taxes, and about 65 million people were receiving monthly benefits from this program (Rentzou & Slutsky, 2020). As employees work and pay their taxes, they earn Social Security “credits”. The amount needed to earn one credit usually increases each year. In most cases, 40 credits (10 years) are required to qualify for the benefit requires 40 credits (10 years of employment) (Melin, 2019). Younger people need fewer credits to be eligible for disability allowances or to provide survivor’s manuals to their relatives in the event of the worker’s death. Retirement Benefit Deciding when to start receiving retirement compensation is one of life’s most important decisions. Suppose the person chooses to start receiving retirement manuals at full retirement age. In that case, they will receive their total compensation, which will be reduced if employees receive them before they reach full retirement age (Melin, 2019). Every individual may choose to work beyond the full retirement age, and after it, manuals will increase from the time person reach full retirement age or by reaching age 70 (Melin, 2019). If individuals decide to delay receiving benefits after they reach full retirement age, compensations will be increased by a certain percentage depending on the individual’s birth year. This amount will increases automatically each month from the time person reaches full retirement age until they begin receiving manuals, or until a person gets to age 70, whichever comes first. Disability Allowance Persons who cannot work due to a physical or mental condition, which may
Rehab professionals should be keenly aware of their value-informed worldview. There is no denying that a wide range of preconceived notions, beliefs, values, and assumptions about the nature of reality and my place in it have been shaped by my family. Even though I do not identify equally with all sets of beliefs that undergird the family members’ behaviors, many decisions and actions I make are guided by value priorities that have been developed during my childhood. My predominant worldview is that the world is not a project that can be used for self-actualization, but rather a global society. Therefore, during my practice, all clients will be treated with an empathic understanding that is devoid of negative judgments (Parrott, 2014). By understanding the strengths and limitations of my worldview and taking a value-oriented approach towards practice, I will be able to function as a catalyst for change, which is essential for effective rehabilitation delivery. Respect for an individual’s freedoms of choice and action is not an optional modus operandi for a rehab professional (Parrott, 2014). Evidence-based practice should always be informed by the principle of autonomy (Corey, Corey, Corey, & Callanan, 2014). However, I understand that this principle is relational in many ways. It means that a person’s capacity to act autonomously depends on a variety of both internal and external barriers. Therefore, taking into consideration the fact that when assisting clients, a rehab practitioner acts on behalf of the state and society, I will not be able to provide unconditional support for their right for self-determination. Nonetheless, I will try to deliver values-informed and legally competent assistance to all clients while showing respect for their autonomy.