ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Child labor is divided into three major stages. The process of labor takes place after some stage of pregnancy. The baby is usually in the uterus for nine months. When the labor begins it is the time that the baby is ready to be welcomed into the world. There are some physical changes that the body undergoes and this is the design that brings the baby into the world. Labor starts when one experiences backaches, abdominal pains, and cramping. Some contractions take place during labor. The contractions are relaxing and tightening of the muscles that are found in the uterus and it is to prepare for the process of childbirth. (Kahan, 8). Description of Child labor The first stage of labor is contractions and dilating. This is the start of labor that is true to the dilation of the cervix. This stage is further divided into three other phrases that are namely Latent, Transition, and Active. In latent labor one experiences contractions that are mild and are usually apart from five to thirty minutes. What is experienced during this phase is backache, excitement, and diarrhea that is mild. Most women usually walk around, given back massages, and shower at times. Active labor is the second phase of the first stage and there is more dilation that is rapid. The cervix begins to open up. This is the time that the baby is positioning itself to be born. The women experience stronger contractions and they are very long. The transition phrase is the last in the first stage of labor. Contractions are more intense and the cervix is fully dilated by this stage. The baby starts to apply pressure to the bottom area of the mother. The second stage of the labor process is child delivery. There is a lot of pressure on the mother’s bottom area and this gives her the urge to push the baby out of the womb. This is usually very difficult to do but what saves the mothers is the rest that comes between the contractions. (Marion, 19). The rest is important as they save the mother by giving her the strength to push the baby out of the womb. There is a second wind that the women get to help them with the process of delivering. There are three phases of the second stage of delivery. One is the resting phase. This normally takes place after dilation of 10cm. The other phase that takes place is descent. These are the contractions that take place between three to five minutes apart for 60 seconds. They are very strong and it is in this phase that the head of the baby descends. The last phase is crowning and this is the stage that the baby opens up the vagina and there are no contractions that take place. It is experienced by stretching and burning. The last stage of delivering is the placenta. It normally occurs at the time between the time that the baby is delivered and the time the placenta is delivered. Some uterine contractions take place and this helps the placenta to be expelled. It takes place within the first twenty minutes from when the child is born. This is usually experienced by bleeding and exhaustion. This stage is managed by expectancy. This allows the expulsion to be done without having to resist medicine (Kahan, 28).
Sciences and in depth knowledge about human and animal genetics has received extensive attention and reached heights that were not expected. Modifications to the genetic information and the types of outcomes have been surprising but at the same time, met with some displeasement. This sort of engineering has resulted in modified foods, animal testing and several other questionable methods that should be highly controlled and investigated (Banyard, 2005). Genetic engineering is the modification of genes in a certain way which is desired by humans. It is done on a molecular level by synthesizing DNA, generating sequences and then inserting the received product into the organism which will be the carrier of the outcome. This sort of technique has been around for several decades starting with the first cloning tries. Many people support the idea but there are also those who say that playing God is wrong and should be off limits for humanity. The real problem is the ethical considerations and the results of such testing (Parmalee, 2010). Very often, the animals will be subjects to a number of procedures that can be painful. As they cannot speak for themselves, they are thought of as perfect test subjects and this leads to a whole number of issues. The fact is that it is wrong to use animals for these purposes. It is understandable that people are becoming even more curious than before and finding out how genetics and live organisms work is of great significance to science. The only problem is that it is unfair to test on animals because it is not their purpose (Watson, 2009). A similar procedure can be seen happening with agriculture. Certain types of plants are cross bred, so that new abilities and qualities emerge. This can range from plants being able to withstand cold or hot temperatures, to having greater amounts of fruit. Another possibility is that the time that fruits and vegetables can be stored is increased. This is another big issue, as people do not want to eat genetically modified products (Kempken, 2010). This has been a problem for some time because this, in turn, leads to animals being fed products that have been artificially grown and then, antibiotics and other chemicals are given as food and this leads to a whole other issue. The natural foods are now separated into a different category from unnaturally grown and chemically fed. This is a sad fact, as these sorts of products produce allergies and deceases in people. From one perspective, this sort of modification can be beneficial to people, as they can make new types of foods that are more nutritious and contain more vitamins. But, the negative effect on human health is a concern and should be addressed (Setlow, 2005). The results of genetic engineering have been successful, as it is existent in the modern world but the long term effects are studied very little. As it has been a recent occurrence, people are not aware of the consequences that might take place. The end result is that people must limit genetic modification as much as possible and closely study the effects on health.
Background Public policies that address the issues of education are crucial because they affect the success of learners profoundly (Dever, 2006). As a result, it is the responsibility of all stakeholders to take part in the improvement of those policies. This makes sure that the policies are stipulated to address the problems and challenges experienced by scholars. Importantly, early-childhood education is a crucial level whose policies should be evaluated carefully. This undertaking ensures that the pupils have a good academic foundation which will help them when handling the subsequent levels. This paper will describe public advocacy that should be integrated throughout the curriculum to ensure effective career development. Description of the Advocacy Activity In this project, a handbook was developed to show how the present academic system has neglected career development. The handbook also proposed that a career development program should be included in the system. Further, several meeting was convened to discuss these issues with headteachers. These meetings were meant to emphasize the importance of initiating the career development campaign. It was necessitated by the fact that education is a process of attaining skills and professionalism. This implies that education is not an undertaking that is meant to equip a pupil with knowledge. Instead, it is also meant to help the pupil to apply the skills in real-life situations. It is learning how to apply that knowledge enables a learner to develop a line of career and professionalism. Although this is the intention of the curriculum, it is evident that the current academic system is not training the pupils to nurture their careers as they continue to acquire skills. Students are forced to seek advice, concerning career selection and development, from consultancy firms that cannot be as effective as the public schools. The ministry of educations should come up with ways that eliminate this problem to ensure that professionalism is nurtured effectively and satisfactorily. As a result, this advocacy requests the government to integrate a career development program. The career program should motivate, train, and guide the pupils concerning their career choices. In this regard, the program should ensure that pupils are constantly inspired to nurture their line of career since their childhood. It should ensure that the inspiration envisaged by the pupils during their childhood does not fade as they progress. Also, they should carry out psychological tests that indicate the capability of the pupils. These capabilities will help pupils to pursue careers that are consistent with their passion and character. Understandably, when students are g
Introduction Sleep is a physiological and psychological condition, which animals undergo especially at night. During sleep, animals are unconscious and most part of the nervous system/voluntary muscles is at rest or the sensory nerves are in an inactive state. Sleep is essential in all living things especial mammals (human beings), who should sleep at least eight hours a day. As an essential body requirement, sleep functions in rejuvenating, repairing, and renewing body tissues or organs especially after a long day’s work. When an animal is under sleep, it subsequently starts dreaming, which is part of the sleep cycle. Psychologically, sleep and dreams occur concurrently and in different stages. Dreams are mental representation of figures or emotional sensations that occur during sleep. Therefore, sleep and dream are human daily activity or cycle that ensures an animal body is healthy and vibrant. Sleep and its physiological benefits According to researchers and health experts, sleep is a physiological necessity that all mammals, especially human beings, need in order to keep fit and function normally. Most of the physiological activities are inactive during sleep and thus a sleeping person is unaware of any activity that happens in his/her immediate environment. During sleep, the brain is at rest while the rest of the body system is in active state. The sensory nerves become inactive; thus; a person in sleeping state cannot use his or her limbs as it happens during wakefulness .The body cells and tissues are in full activity to repair any form of injuries to the skin, blood tissues and other cells. During sleep, the body’s immune system grows stronger leading to an increase in the number of leucocytes. Moreover, enough sleep reduces fatigue and prevents the occurrence of diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure (Kalat, 1995, p.25). Therefore, for anybody to be healthy and live a longer life he/she should have enough sleep as a basic requirement for the body. Infants, children, adolescents and adults, each need enough sleep as directed by most health experts. Psychological role of sleep As aforementioned, sleep is a psychological necessity that the brain system is unable to function properly incase of deprivation (Plotnik & Kouyoumdjiam, 1993, p.50). Psychologically, sleep reduces stress, depression, and other forms of mental disorders People, especially adults, who lack sleep of about eight hours a day, are prone to psychological disorders. Subsequently, a person who lacks sleep experiences mood swings especially anger and fatigue, which may lead to drug abuse or alcoholism (Dinges & Kribbs, 1991, p.125). Psychiatrists recommend sleep to people suffering from psychological disorders as part of medication. Though sleep may lead to psychiatric disorders, anybody who suffers from lack of sleep recovers immediately after sleeping for a sometime. Impact of sleep deprivation: sleeping disorders There are vari
Define and explain information system as an organizational and management solution Information system is defined as a consistent, coordinated set of mechanisms acting together with the objective of production, distribution and or processing of information. By using this definition, precision for generality is ignored but in doing so, an emphasis is laid on computer information systems, networked information systems, biological information systems among other various contexts (Ratzan 2004 p.1). In this context, a system is taken to refer to a consistent, coordinated set of modules working in unity toward achieving a common objective. These mechanisms of a system must work together. When referring to a system, it could either be adaptive or non-adaptive. Adaptive system has a capability to modify itself to suit in the environment. On the other hand, a non-adaptive system does not need to modify itself to fit in the environment it operates in; instead, it operates independent of its external environment. Information can be hard to define unless we do so in terms of its characteristics-information is objective, subjective, temporal, ephemeral, and fungible, not reduced by giving it away, not always additive, both a process and a commodity, and is measurable. Increasing complexity in information and technological solutions have resulted in the rise of e-commerce, the automated office, teleworking and the information ‘super highway’ all forming the facts of organizational life (Perry 2008 p. 3). As a result of these changes, information technology and information systems have become vital aspects in the management of modern organization. Unless we appreciate how information technologies are used and the numerous ways in which they are structured to form a system, it may be difficult to understand how information systems operate within organizations. The computer Understanding computer system configuration is essential in relating how they can be used to support organization’s information communication requirements. A computer system is made up of number components which include the hardware and the software. The hardware components of a computer include the central processing unit, screen, a printer, a keyboard, a mouse, and a scanner (Lucey 2005 p.24). The CPU is the heart of a computer system. The CPU comprises of three different elements; The control unit-this part directs the operations of the e
Introduction In many wars, women have played hidden roles. They have not engaged in wars directly. Therefore, engagement through direct confrontation in the battlefield has always been preconceived as an affair of men since time immemorial. However, this notion was not the case for the Spanish war. During the Spanish war that happened from 1936 to1939, Mujeres Libre’s leadership influenced women. Consequently, they put effort to establish a myriad of programs to help the entire nation. Women were charged with the roles of setting dining halls from where men who were part of the militia could eat. They also provided health care to the injured persons (Hugh, 2003, p.98). This assertion suggests that women were best suited to take roles involving the provision of first aid and other related nursing work for the casualties coupled with feeding the men who were taking part in the war. As this paper argues, this was not the case for Spanish civil war. Women rose from one rank of the military to another. In the new ranks, they were engaged in classes that offered lessons on the proper use of firearms coupled with a good targeting practice. Given that the war destabilised most of the institutions in Spain, women also played pivotal roles in ensuring that the services offered at various institutions such as health care were offered continuously. For example, a class of influential women emerged concentrated on teaching other women about sexuality, ways of birth control, and general health. These women also put up hospitals, which principally focused on prenatal care. Women were also instrumental in reclaiming the rights of workers in Spain during the civil war. With these arguments in mind, this paper analyses these roles as played by women in the Spanish civil war. Women Served as Nurses Following the outbreak of the civil war in Spain in 1936, the Spanish people were subdivided into various politically motivated groups. Such groups included republican’s anarchists, socialists, communists, and the nationalists. The war made it impossible for the economy to function effectively. Workers assumed the noble roles of ensuring that the nation continued to be stable. In this effort, “worker committees collectivised factories and agrarian areas into libertarian communes” (Hugh, 2003, p.23). Indeed, workers’ organizations such as IAF (Iberian Anarchist Federation) and NCF (national federation of labour) among others formed powerful elements of control of workforce coupled with their committees. As this took place, various groups of women assembled to strive for liberation of women from various revolutionary practices instigated by the civil war. The above quest leads to the establishment of Mujeres Libres as an organisation, which endeavoured to fight hard for the rights of Spanish women. According to Hugh (2003), throughout Spain, women focused on engaging in war with the hope of helping workers reclaim their rights (p.40). During the Spanish war, women played pivotal roles through the Mujeres Libre in the reclaiming of their female gender rights. For instance, before the civil war, women who participated in nursing only did so in the cap
In the course of history, science has been critical for the development of society and improvement in the living conditions of people. Nevertheless, it could be misapplied, and the consequences of such misapplication could be catastrophic. To a great extent, the film Jurassic Park can be tied to the discussion of historical and ethical issues related to the use of scientific results. In particular, one can focus on the conversation between John Hammond and Jan Malcolm, who discuss the ethical responsibilities of scientists. To a great extent, this scene demonstrates that, in some cases, irresponsible attitude towards scientific achievements can lead to significant challenges for the community and endanger many innocent people. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely. The film Jurassic Park includes several scenes that can be discussed from an ethical viewpoint. For instance, one can mention the conversation between Jan Malcolm and John Hammond. In particular, Jan Malcolm warns Hammond about the dangers of the experiments carried out by the company InGen. He compares such experiments to the behavior of a child who plays with the gun that accidentally slips into his/her hands ( Jurassic Park ). Moreover, this scene demonstrates that people who created the so-called Jurassic park were primarily concerned about potential revenues, but they completely overlooked the potential risks of this project. Additionally, Malcolm notes that scientists should think about the ethical implications of their research ( Jurassic Park ). The main problem is that Malcolm’s warning goes completely unnoticed. Overall, this scene is important for the discussion of many historical and ethical issues related to the use of science. One should note that in the course of history, scientific works have often been misinterpreted or misused. For instance, it is possible to mention the use of genetics and evolutionary theory. Much attention should be paid to the popularity of eugenics, which led to the forced sterilization of many
Introduction Although it is general, Farb (1963) describes ecology as a concept that focuses on the relationship between living organisms and their environment. It is crucial to acknowledge that this environment comprises of both the biotic and non-biotic factors affecting organisms. This concept develops another aspect of ecosystem that is defined as self-sustaining systems of biological communities. These communities found within a common locale interact with physical and chemical factors in the ecosystems. However, the chemical and physical factors fluctuate according to the prevailing conditions that can be triggered by humans among other factors. These fluctuations causing drastic interference with the ecosystem must be controlled to restore the aspect of a self-sustaining system (Dickinson & Murphy, 2007). This implies that living organisms must respond to the changes that are imposed on them. As a result, this paper will focus on how organisms respond to environmental changes. Topic Description The introduction part has stated that ecosystems experience changes in terms of physical and chemical factors (Brennan & Withgott, 2010). However, the elements of these changes can be triggered by the environment resulting in environmental change. Instead of focusing on general change impacting on an ecosystem, we will describe the environmental change that is caused by environmental factors like climate. Essentially, changes caused by environmental factors are more important than other changes because they occur i
The continuing educational evolution has been fast-tracked by the dawning of the internet era. These days, there is simply no reason for one to not be able to complete his education because a majority of schools, colleges, and universities now offer online classes for anybody willing to invest the time and effort into it. At present, the online student population is comprised mostly of professionals and executives who attend advanced studies such as master’s or advanced training courses to have a chance to get promoted at work or even change their career path. Although classes of these type seem to be breeze subjects, the truth is that these courses are harder to accomplish because it takes a different kind of commitment to one’s education before he can get his degree certification. In an online class, a student can only achieve success if he is committed to time management, balancing personal obligations, finding an ideal study environment, asking questions, and applying more effort to completing the course requirements. The student needs to know how to apply time management to his online classes because these classes tend to have an open schedule during the week. This means a particular class can be attended by the student online during any of the scheduled class times. This shows the dedication of the student and his proactive stance in terms of his educational goals. but how does the student learn to properly manage his time? First of all, the student must decide upon what time of the day he feels he will be most relaxed and in a conducive learning atmosphere. Will you attend the class in the morning or at night? The time you attend the class has to coincide with the time of day when your brain is also most receptive to the information it receives. Once you have decided upon these factors, create your daily schedule around it. Never allow anything to interrupt your class hour. Remember, online classes also require several attendance days or you will be dropped from the roster just like in an actual school. Since we live in a world where everybody seems to be multitasking for one reason or another, online classes allow the student to attend class the minute he has time to spare. However, this could also mean losing some of the much valued personal time in the process. However, provided that you know how to balance your time, you should be able to find a pocket of time to study before or after providing yourself with rest time. Finding the ideal study environment is also the responsibility of the studen