ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One of the most significant events in the history of the British Empire, the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years’ War, was of tremendous importance to Great Britain since it finally gained control over the colonies in North America, which initially belonged to France. Thus, the French and Indian War meant that the colonies in North America were finally under the full jurisdiction of Britain. More importantly, the war resulted in France also losing its influence in India, and Britain taking its place, thus, acquiring the Indian colonies that once belonged to France. More importantly, Britain finally took power over the key sea channels as well, therefore, improving its trading process considerably. Weirdly enough, the war that was initially called the French and Indian War never took place in France (Jillson 29). The British Parliament had its unique means of controlling the colonies. The Parliament passed a range of regulations, among which the Sugar Act, the Declaratory Act, the Stamp Act, and the regulations known as Townshend Acts should be named (Jillson 29). While the three acts mentioned above can be considered comparatively efficient, with the introduction of the Townshend Acts, unrest and revolts emerged. To top it all, the newly adopted laws triggered the infamous Boston Tea Party (Jillson 29). As the Peace Conference followed the War, Britain was offered to choose between West Indies and French Canada. Picking the latter, Britain opened the Mississippi Valley to westward expansion, therefore, reinforcing the economy of the colonies and contributing to the latter developing the desire to become independent. Under the pressure of taxation from Britain, the Revolution erupted, creating the premises for the colonial society to develop into a strong and independent state (Tucker 372). Works Cited Jillson, Carl. American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change . New York, NY: Routledge. 2013. Print. Tucker, Spencer C.. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 2013. Print.
General Information Topic or Unit of Study: Derivations Subject(s): Word recognition Grade/Level: 3 Instructional Setting   * Grade: 3 rd   * Subject: Language Arts   * Time: 30 minutes   * Amount: 10 students   * C1. Book Choice Justification The book Every Dog Has Its Day by John Rousselle was selected for several reasons. First, this book corresponds to the elementary level of academic difficulty. Second, it has many words and derivatives which are necessary for our lessons. The choice of the words are appropriate, there are many examples of the words with word-forming prefixes and derivational suffixes. Standards and Objectives Core Curriculum/Student Achievement Standard(s) According to the standard, students are to know the word-forming elements and to “identify and know the meaning of the most common prefixes and derivational suffixes” (Wisconsin Department of public instruction, 2011, p. 17) Lesson Objective(s) At the end of this lesson, students will be able to use word-forming prefixes and derivational suffixes in the words as they are word structure clues that are important to word recognition 95% of the time for creating new parts of speech and the words with new meaning. Materials and Resources Instructional Materials  1. Copies of the text Every Dog Has Its Day by John Rousselle  2. Cards, handouts  3. Computer  4. Paper, pencils Resources  1. School library  2. Internet Instructional Plan The sequence of Instructional Procedures/Activities/Events (provide a description and indicate the approximate time for each) Identification of Student Prerequisite Skills Needed for Lesson: (2 minutes)  1. A teacher shows students colored cards with suffixes and prefixes. Students have to point to the given suffixes and prefixes and show where the separation of the root word and its prefix/suffix is. The students have to create their examples using suffixes and prefixes, if they need help a teacher offers a word, and students are to add a suffix or a prefix. This task should show students the most common prefixes (un-, re-, in-) and suffix (-ful, -ness, -est) and give examples.  2. A teacher tries to understand which prefixes and suffixes students remember, their role in word formation, and language. A teacher should give leading questions if students fail to answer questions themselves.  3. Students need to know that words can be broken up into parts or clusters. Presentation of New Information or Modeling (4 minutes)  1. After the principle of word-formation is understood, a teacher shows students separate cards one set with root words and one set with suffixes and prefixes. A teacher creates new words using adding suffixes and prefixes to the words
John Donne was one of the most remarkable literary figures of the Elizabethan age. He remained different in the sense that he broke away from the great Elizabethan traditions and revolted against the easy, flexible style, stock imagery, and the pastoral conventions of the followers of Spenser. Donne’s poems, especially religious ones, reveal the struggle in the mind of English people during the 16 th and 17 th centuries, before taking orders in the Anglican Church. His poems often depicted their horror of death, terror of the rage of God and the desire for God’s love. His poems like Holy Sonnet 10 and The Sun Rising illustrate Donne’s dexterity in pasteurizing the peculiar blend of passion and rationalism or feelings and thought. Donne also expresses the religious conflicts between Elizabeth 1and Mary. Analyzing Donne’s poems The Sun Rising and Holy Sonnet 10,a reader can find cultural, historical, and religious elements of 16 th and 17 th century England. By analyzing Donne’s poetry one can find that most of his works reflect the peculiar emotional, ethical and religious tension of 16 th and 17 th century England. Donne follows the medieval ideologies of men as a mortal presenting at different layers, and his love poems especially demonstrate the complex transformation of medievalism to modernity. In the earlier part of his literary career Donne has followed the religious principles of Catholicism. In his Holy Sonnet10 Donne pictures death as a blessing. Protestants believe that death is a curse and it is the punishment given by god. Poet addresses death; “Death, be not proud, though some have called thee/Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so” (Donne Holly Sonnets line 1-2). Here one can see Donne considers death as an easy way to escape from this earthly life. In ‘The Sun Rising’ the poet constitutes the idea that love is not scheduled into time. The poem is often regarded as an intellectual practice in reversing the existing social and cultural systems of 16 th and 17 th centuries’ England. In ‘The Sun Rising’ poet addresses the sun through the following expressions: “Busy old fool, unruly sun//Why dost thou thus/Through the window and through curtains call on us?” (Donne The Sun Rising Line 1-3). Here the reader can understand Donne overturns the various conventional concepts about suns such as the center of universe and the golden eye of heaven. YU Qiao
Social welfare should be among the priority of any financial institution and business organization that strives to receive regular profits. Threats imposed to moral and ethical stability of human environment can also create challenges for all financial structures ignoring business ethics. Before the collapse of the Stock Market in 1929, the security business experienced significant expansion and prosperity, but the financial environment failed to encourage trustful relationships due to numerous cases of corruption, conflict of interest, and scandals (Santoro and Straus 99). The crash of the financial system marked the downfall of the entire business institution, as well as the advent of the Great Depression period. With regard to the above-presented challenges, the government and public sector should take serious measures to restore trust and respect and ensure transparency of reporting in the security markets. Currently, Wall Street is also considered a controversial issue of economy because of negligent attitude to all stakeholders involved in carrying out business. The analysis of Wall Street ethics should be associated with profit making through brokerage transactions, releasing new securities, and investing banking fees. Wall Street did its best to raise revenues and get the maximum benefit from its operations. At this point, new developing models of firms also undertook significant financial risks by putting their capital at stake. Further transactions and financial operations became the precursors of the financial crisis. According to Santoro and Straus, “[m]ismanaged Wall Street firms were to become almost singularly obsessed with betting the house on mortgage-backed securities” (101). Therefore, negligence of societal welfare and focus on business transactions was the main sign of low morale in the workplace. The situation worsened when the significance of business partnerships and unions diminished. Specific attention requires the case with Solomon Brothers, whose incomes from proprietary trading turned the venture into the most profitable company on Wall Street. Their model also focused on financial rather than ideological and ethical consideration, which also became one of the reasons for the outburst of the 2008 financial crisis. Specifically, the firm established a priority in proprietary selling of debt securities presupposed by compensation system, causing excessive risk and inappropriate attitude to clients. The case with Solomon contributed to the bad reputation of the Wall Street sector that was considered a corrupted system exploiting rather than respecting customers. The case also made the Wall Street business world think over the importance of integrating specific ethics and moral codes that would allow to restore their image and develop a rich customer culture. Negligent behavior and inappropriate treatment of clients has become the major reason for financial collapse at Wall Street. According to Wallis, “…the behavior of the rich on Wall Street is an affront to our basic understanding of values like commit
Introduction Business process re-engineering is a recent management tool which aims at improving organisations current operational strategies. It aims at modernisation of business processes to attain high efficiency for a competitive advantage (Jack, 2001). It reconstructs different organisation processes; the expected results include cost efficiency, improved customer service and improvement in production speed. Generally the process has three major steps; determine the status quo, identify the areas to change and change implementation; however each step has two stages (Naitove, 2010). This paper discusses the steps in business re-engineering process (BRP). Step 1: Determination of the status quo Develop business vision, mission and business objectives BRP does not aim at marginal improvement in a single area but target the entire business; it aims to look into all processes for an overall gain to the organisation. With this in mind, the start point of the process is aligning all business processes with the new system. The direction of a business is shaped by its mission, vision and corporate objectives. In this stage, mission, vision and objectives of the company are defined again. The definition result after interpolating what has the business being able to attain and its potential level. Set mission, vision and objectives should be attainable (Huang, 2010). The following factors are considered;   * What is the vision of the organisation? Has the vision being attained? If not to what extent has the company failed? Is the vision still relevant to the new business environment that the business is operating in? What areas lead to failure?   * What is the mission of the organisation? Is the vision met using the current set methods and strategies? If not why? Does the business have enough potential to fulfil the set mission?   * Review the objectives which the company aims to undertake? How often are the objectives met? If not always why they are not met?   * Is there an established trend in business performance? This looks into areas which have failed the organisation in the past. After understanding the current position in the business, then an attainable vision, mission and objectives are defined. If the previous ones are still relevant and attainable, they can be retained but care taken to improve processes which has in early cases affected their attainment (Wheelen $ Hunger, 1999). Understanding and measuring existing processes For the attainment of business objectives and attainment of goals, a business undergoes through a number of processes. Before making a move to implement a BPR, an in-depth analysis of processes in the company is necessary. The main reason for this move is to ensure that the business learns from previous mistakes. Those activities which have lead to inefficiency in the past are documented and measures taken to ensure that they will not be repeated. For example if in the past a business was not able to attain its objectives because of inefficient logistics supply’s, where they have gotten sub-standard goods, this area is addressed independently. Note are taken o
From the 15 th century up to the 18 th century, European exploration and expansion occurred (Cipolla, 2000). Several factors influenced this occurrence. These factors are economic, social, and technological changes that took place in Europe before the 15 th century. Advances in sailing technologies enable Europeans to explore other continents. With the aim of controlling major trade routes, which were dominated by Arabs, some of the earliest Europeans were sent on trips around the world, leading to the discovery of America. Equally, religious factors played a major role in enhancing European exploration and expansion in the 15 th century. The Europeans wanted to spread Christianity to their new colonies. Because of this exploration and expansion, several immediate and long-term effects were felt in the colonies. The expansion extended trade between the colonies and Europe. New products were introduced to these colonies, while other new products were introduced to Europe from the colonies. For instance, tobacco was introduced to Europe from America, while horses were introduced to America from Europe. In the long-term, most of the indigenous communities lost their land to the European immigrants. These resulted in numerous conflicts and wars between the indigenous communities across Africa, Asia, and America and the Europeans. Another major long-term effect of the expansion is the diversity witnessed in Europe and America. Nowadays, black people whose origin can be traced to Africa live in the US and Europe. By exploring other lands, several Europeans realized enormous accomplishments. Advancement in technology, the need to spread Christianity, the need for economic expansion, and the desire for fame are some of the major factors that enhanced expansion and exploration during the age of exploration. Reference Cipolla, C. M. (2000). Guns, sails and empires; technological innovation and the early phases of European expansion, 1400-1700 . New York: Pantheon Books.
Business Definition BlaBlaCar is a European online carpooling service that helps in finding a travel companion. Its customers are drivers who want to save on the ride expenses and people who seek cheap travel means. The web service matches the offerings from car owners with the passengers’ searches and allows finding a desirable ride based on feedback from previous customers and companion’s preferences, such as music tastes and desire to talk during the trip. In recent years, the company managed to expand its operations across Europe and was recently introduced in Asia. The following paper analyzes global strategy levers and industry globalization drives to determine the company’s international strategy. Key Markets and Competitors BlaBlaCar operates as a substitute for traditional transportation services. However, since it does not provide its customers with profit generation opportunities, it targets a wider audience than most of its counterparts. It covers two distinct markets. First, it reaches out to the customers who seek an alternative to a traditional means of travel, such as a railroad or a commercial flight. BlaBlaCar’s main advantage in the field is its price, which is more affordable compared even to the cheaper means of transportation. However, the services it offers also provide the clients with an opportunity to choose a more suitable option, either in terms of physical convenience or the one which has social or
The issue of immigrants has been a thorny issue for as long as our country has been in existence. While our country has welcomed foreigners mainly from Europe and other regions, it may need to develop a framework that will absorb foreigners in the modern world without jeopardizing its sovereignty and economy. President Bush suggested a plan geared toward solving the immigrant issue permanently. This program was designed to allow foreign workers to work legally in the United States under work visas that could be renewed. According to a study carried out by an MPI research assistant named Julia Gelatt, the annual immigration level stands at about 1.8 million people on average. (Julia)If this trend is not addressed in the right manner, it will cause a crisis shortly. Since the Bush temporary worker program is geared toward solving the immigrant problem once for all, all like-minded Americans should support it. While some of us may look at the negative side for immigrants, there are still some positive sides. According to research carried out by the Fiscal Policy Institute, immigrants contribute about 20 percent to our economy which is proportional to their population. (Graglia) Looking closely at our economy, it requires many employees that the local job market cannot provide. Many Americans are not even willing to do most of the jobs that foreign workers are ready to take. Moreover, these foreign workers do not demand the high salaries that local people will ask for. To ensure that our goods remain competitive in the global market, we may need to absorb foreign workers that will provide an affordable resource to our industries. This will check the current trend where a good number of our companies are collapsing or relocating to China where production costs are much lower than here. (Graglia) Since the program seeks to vet all aliens entering our country, it will be bound to increase the security in our country considerably. According to the program, all foreigners entering our country will have to be registered at the point of entry. This will ensure that the government knows who is entering and on what business. By noting when visitors enter and when they leave, there will be no place for terrorists to hide and this will, in turn, increase our security considerably. (Graglia)On top of increasing the security of our beloved country, we will have made an important milestone that other nations will have to pick up. Our country has always been considered to be a pacesetter to the rest of the world. By adopting the Bush worker program, we will be setting an example for the rest of the world. If this program is successful and other nations adopt it, we will have
It is undisputable that economic progress involves painful adjustments, especially with respect to concepts that are considered to be classical. Most of the classical concepts are replaced by contemporary concepts in a bid to attaining economic progress. For instance, old social institutions are disintegrated to form new ones while persons unable to keep to the pace must adjust to the specific requirements of economic progress. Economic progress aims at making the contemporary world and environment more favorable hence the need to get rid of the various classical concepts, ideologies, and institutions that never assisted in attaining the objective. However, most nations or economies find it difficult to enjoy the benefits of economic progress since there are many communities unwilling to pay the full price of economic progress. Notably, the problems experienced after the World War II made many nations to wake up in a bid to carrying out specific developments in line with economic progress. This was as a result of the increased poverty during the period. Many nations after World War II became curious of the causes and possible techniques of alleviating poverty, thus leading to economic progress or development. Development of a nation to achieve economic progress requires adherence to certain basic rules of statement defining various systems of attaining the same. Such systems should define the categories and relationships existing between various concepts of development in order to aid the economic progress process. For instance, the systems should be able to define hegemonic view of the world in terms of development consequently arousing various players in the global arena to take part in economic progress. It is noteworthy that all stakeholders taking part in economic progress should have the ability to allow for transformation in economic, social, and cultural aspects of nations or economies. One main cultural force that has shaped significantly the worldwide economy is the discourse of development economics. Understanding discourse of development economics requires deep analysis of its emergence, building on the existing parameters, as well as the necessary conditions for its formation or occurrence. Moreover, economic progress benefits significantly from the corpus of rational techniques, which include planning, measuring and assessing techniques, professional knowledge, and institutional practices amongst others. In addition, economic progress may never be complete unless stakeholders focus on