ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nike operates in the footwear and apparel industries, being one of the most successful competitors. In 2019, the company’s revenues increased by seven percent and reached o $39.1 billion (“2019 annual report,” 2020). Nike is present across geographies and categories, which makes its performance more comprehensive and location-specific. Its’ business-level strategy is based on a winning long-term perspective that implies making consumer experience more personal and faster. To achieve the above goal, the company introduced a revolutionary Triple Double strategy that fuels the Consumer Direct Offense, consisting of speed, innovation, and direct client connections. At the same time, keener analytics and product line differentiation are put at the core of the company. These strategies have already shown effectiveness as it can be seen from the immediate return on investments. As for the corporate-level strategy, Nike focuses on such competitive advantage as delivering innovation to all the customers, from ordinary people to athletes. For instance, the company was regarded as number one in North America for sports bras. There are more than 90 styles in combination, which are designed for sportswear, training, and running (“2019 annual report,” 2020). Accordingly, the company applies a diversification strategy to distinguish among the rivals. Speaking of the major changes, it should be noted that Nike started greater investments in digital customer experience, reshaping its products and selling them online, which connects customers and the company due to building closer and more personalized relationships. This change can be considered as the opportunity in terms of the SWOT analysis, while diversification and customer approach are the key strengths. The highly competitive environment presents the main threat since there are such rivals as Adidas, New Balance, Reebok, Under Armor, et cetera. The customers’ price sensitivity and potential Nike’s price increases compose the weakness. Reference 2019 annual report. (2020). Web.
The assigned video shows the Hematopoiesis map, describes its elements and links between them. There is a scheme on top of which multipotential hematopoietic stem cell (Hemacytoblast) from which other cells come. Initially, it is divided into common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor. The first gives rise to megakaryocytes (from which thrombocytes originate), erythrocyte, mast cell, and myeloblast (basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte originate, the latter gives rise to macrophage). The second gives rise to natural killer cells and small lymphocytes, divided into T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte, from which plasma cell originates. Anemia is a reduction of the number or volume of red cells or a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin. Erythrocytes are not nucleated, and hemoglobin in them carries oxygen. That is why anemia is accompanied by decreased oxygen delivery causes several symptoms, such as dyspnea or dizziness. According to the video, red cells originate from the common myeloid progenitor, which originates from multipotential hematopoietic stem cells (Hemacytoblast). It means that causes of anemia lay deeper in problems of functioning of these elements of Hematopoiesis map. There are several kinds of anemia: posthemorrhagic, macrocytic (megaloblastic), microcytic-hypochromic, iron deficiency anemia (“the most common nutritional disorder worldwide” (1), anemia of chronic disease, and normocytic-normochromic. Hematopoiesis map allowed me to understand the relation system of different blood cells. All of them originate from one multipotential hematopoietic stem cell (hemacytoblast) that lets to see that they have one source and are connected. In addition, I have learned that the word “blast” means the beginning of a stem cell, and the word “cyte” – the mature cell. “For example, erythroblasts would give rise to the erythrocytes” (Downes, 0:50). “Blast”-cells are immature and give rise to others as, for example, myeloblast is an origin of granulocytes and agranulocytes. The latter are mononuclear leukocytes with the absence of granules in the cytoplasm. Basophil, neutrophil, and eosinophil differ from monocyte that we can see on the map.
The United States has several laws that illegalize any form of discrimination in the workplace. Since America has many racial groups, the chances of an individual being discriminated against because of color/race remain quite high. This discussion focuses on the issues surrounding the problem of racial discrimination in the workplace. Selected Type of Discrimination The choice for this discussion is race/color discrimination. Williams (2015) defines “race discrimination” as the unfair treatment of persons because they belong to a particular race. The concept also includes any form of exploitation based on a person’s characteristics such as skin color. Individuals married to people from a different race might encounter this kind of discrimination. They might also be laid off, harassed, or mistreated. The main law that illegalizes this kind of discrimination is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. According to the law, employers and leaders must never discriminate against persons based on their racial backgrounds or skin colors (Civil Rights Act of 1964). The law also protects complainants from any form of retaliation. There are specific consequences of a violation. For instance, employers can be forced to compensate claimants. Some of these payments include fringe benefits, wages, and salaries that would have been earned throughout the period. Punitive damages can also be outlined to punish employers. Court Cases Several court cases can be cited to describe this kind of discrimination. The first one is the Steele v Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company 323 US 192 of 1944. The background of this case is that one of the members of a majority-white labor union notified his employer to revise the collective bargaining agreement by proposing to exclude African American employees. The Supreme Court of Alabama indicated that the white employee had not committed any offense ( Steele v Louisville, 1944). This was the case because there was no law supporting the interests of minorities. However, the Supreme Court judged that the union had failed to represent every individual equally. The second case is Robinson v. Shell Oil Company, 519 US 337 of 1997. Charles Robinson had been fired by his employer, Shell Oil Company. After filing the case for being fired for being black, the claimant received an unfavorable rating from his former employer, thereby being unable to get a new job. The company indicated that Robison was not protected since he was a former employee. The court pronounced itself by stating that it was illegal for companies to retaliate against individuals who had complained about any form of discrimination ( Robinson v. Shell , 1997). Although the claimant lost the case, it emerged that companies should support former employees even after filing complaints. Employers’ Roles Companies should implement powerful mechanisms to reduce the risk of this discrimination. For instance, they can have transparent hiring and recruitment processes (Williams, 2015). The concepts of equality and diversity can deliver positive results. They should also focus on existing laws to transform their employer-employee relations. Discussing the Law: C
In scientific or social researches, observations and measurements are two key variables that shape the every aspect. Generally, each and every research includes observation and/or measurement instruments for its empirical aspect. The question however is how they interact and compare within any given research. Normally, researchers attempt to undertake systematic observation of the aspects they research on and further attempt to assign specific, often numeric, values to the observations (Goodwin, 2005). What does this imply? While observation relates to what is either observed directly or indirectly, measurement instruments are used to assign specific values to these observations and hence facilitate empirical measurement of the observations. More often, qualitative researchers focus on observation of the world rather than measurement of the same. Such researchers make basically used first hand observations, record the same either as written texts or verbal texts. Basically, this does not require any measurement instruments. This perhaps explains the reason most social scientists do not describe what they do as a form of measurement. Measurement instruments on other hand, largely shape researchers in addition to providing a more unified and precise approach to research. Basically, measurement instruments provide a means by which empirical observations are classified and quantified (Silverman, 2011). Unlike the case of observation where measurement is not a necessity, the reverse is true in this case, a measurement tool can only be used on an observation and hence go hand in hand with an observation. It is also important to note that the measurement instrument used is without a doubt subject to the kind of observation one wants to derive from a research. Measurement instruments are therefore dependent on the kind of observation being sought. The latter variable (observation) can therefore be said to affect the earlier variable (measurement instrument). When adopting either multi-cultural or cross-cultural relationships, different observations which cannot be related or measured at par with each other, are likely to be encountered (Hall, 2010). Generally, the leading challenge in such a scenario can be described as lack of standardized metrics. Different cultures have different metrics and as such it is often not easy to standardize them and come up with a unified measurement instrument of form of observation. In many instances, researchers with such environments find themselves in a quagmire due to insufficiency of measurement instruments of approaches of observations. In such instances where the existing approaches or measurement instruments are insufficient, researchers are faced with a co
One of the reasons why the story The Cask of Amontillado (Edgar Allan Poe) and the poem My Last Duchess (Robert Browning) are being commonly referred to, as such that represent a particularly high value, is that the narrative perspective chosen by the authors to highlight the discursive significance of the contained themes and motifs, does add to the perceptual plausibility of the concerned storylines. In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that, while reflecting upon the motif of murder, Poe and Browning succeeded in convincing readers that it was specifically the very psychological constitution of both protagonists (Alfonso Ferrara and Montresor), which naturally predetermined their behavioral maliciousness. In my paper, I will explore the validity of this suggestion at length. After having been introduced to the characters of Montresor ( The Cask of Amontillado ) and Alfonso Ferrara ( My Last Duchess ), we inevitably conclude that they seem to interact with the surr
In the article called “A Push for Policies for Sustainable Food Systems” and an email interview with Cat Warren Marion Nestle explains her perspective of the main moving forces of malnutrition in modern society. I would like to note that in both the interview and the article Nestle states that malnutrition is not only the responsibility of the consumers. In her conversation with Warren Nestle emphasizes that the way unhealthy food products are marketed makes them irresistible for the buyers, whereas in the article she explains that a significant change of food preference and diets of modern individuals would be impossible without political intervention. This way, it looks like the modern obesity rates are inflicted not only by the consumers through their poor choices of meals, but also by the food industries pushing unhealthy products, and by the politicians reluctant to make a serious step towards the promotion of the healthy nutrition. Another common point of the article and the interview I noticed is that in both pieces Nestle explains that today food is treated as a fungible commodity. In other words, it is viewed as a source of capital, instead of the source of life and health. In the interview Nestle mentions that the consumers cannot overcome the marketing pressure which encourages them to purchase unhealthy products, but in the article she states that if the politicians remain passive in this reference, the average individuals would have to rise to the challenge. The difference
Introduction Staff turnover rate is among the major determinants of the company’s operational effectiveness because it predetermines the chances of successful growth. In general, high turnover rates point to the existence of significant deficiencies in the internal environment, including ineffective employment and training policies and interpersonal relations among team members. However, the most critical consequence of the high turnover rate is the increased volume or operational costs due to the necessity to recruit and train new employees. Therefore, it is essential to develop a comprehensive plan for eliminating or, at least, minimizing the risks of this challenge, thus contributing to the sustainable development of a facility or an organization. Belmont Village is one of the facilities that have faced this problem. To cope with the existing issues, a focus should be made on developing a detailed sustainability plan as well as identifying clear objectives of the facility’s operation and determine criteria for evaluating implemented changes. Completing these two tasks is the aim of this paper. Sustainability Sustainability is a complex phenomenon. It is a unique combination of clear development goals aimed at achieving particular public health objectives (in this case, improving health outcomes of the elderly citizens and making their life more comfortable), links between all members (management, nurses, patients, and other stakeholders) of a particular facility (Belmont Village), and local groups that are not related to the health care sector (recreational parks and organizations, etc.). Due to the complexity of the phenomenon, becoming a sustainable organization is impossible without developing a comprehensive plan of actions paying special attention to the most critical elements of the system (National Center for Chronic Diseases Prevention and Health Promotion, n.d.). The main elements of interest and necessary steps to achieve sustainability in the facility under consideration are outlined below.  1. Stakeholders (staff, including physicians, nurses, and administrators, patients, and the affected public (e.g. potential employees and relatives of the elderly patients)): create a shared vision of sustainability (identify and increase awareness of the existing issues and offer unique patterns for eliminating them). In this case, it is essential to assure that all key stakeholders are familiar with the very concept of sustainability and know that the facility is interested in becoming a sustainable organization as well as share all plans with key stakeholde
Introduction Corporations have been given various names according to their past impacts on society. Klein describes corporations as being fictitious entities that are backed by the law and exploit citizens. Their power is seen as being granted basically by the law, without which these large bodies would be toothless. In some states such as America, the Supreme Court has constantly increased the powers of corporations by making sure that the law is in favor of these large business bodies. Their existence has been criticized by many. Their objective is considered by the majority as not aimed at assisting the people, but at extorting money from individuals so that to benefit the shareholders (De Angelis 102). Characteristics of Corporations Most people do not care about how corporations operate, the cost of resources, who they affect and the impact they impose on the environment as long as they get whatever they want. For instance, BP Corporation was not blamed for water pollution; it was considered to have been struggling to satisfy the energy needs of the people (Klein 14). Corporations are very important in any state. This is because some nations and especially the developed nations have very big corporations that play a pivotal role in their economies. This has enabled them being very powerful. For example, some non-governmental organizations can have such influence that when they open subsidiary stations in other countries where they are required to follow certain protocols, their parent country steps in to try and meddle with the regulations in the host nation to enable them operate the way they deem it ok for them (Klein 14). Considering that these multinational are very rich then the host country may be forced to comply with demands of parent state in order to secure employment and other benefits for the local citizens (De Angelis 102). Furthermore these larger multinationals can easily interfere with the intentional laws and public policies on many nations to keep their corporations running. Such operations prompt questions regarding sovereignty as they are definitely interfering with the integrity of the domestic decision procedure. The International Monetary Fund and several other economic organizations habitually discuss conditionality treaties that include specific economic targets and domestic changes on some institutions like pledging some states to crack down impunity, corruption and do away with certain cartels (De Angelis 102). Corporation and Governments There is a very strong connection between governments and corporations because these relationships are beneficial to the two parties. Nonetheless, the people who are supposed to benefit usually suffer. Governments consider Multinational Corporations to have been very important to growing economy and globalization. They facilitate i
Modern communication technologies have revolutionized the way in which we carry out our day to day activities. Hardly any aspect in our modern lives has escaped the influence of these systems. Human social life is one such arena which has experienced the positive and negative influence of modern technology. Considering the significance effects that these technological advances have had on human communication, I shall through this paper set out to illustrate how modern technology has impacted human communication. This paper shall further discuss whether modern technology has made man a better communicator and whether technology bridges generation gaps or causes a bigger divide. I shall also provide discuss how technology has affected my relationships. Communication is arguably the corner stone on which any successful relationship, be it business or personal, is built and modern technology has to a large extent improved human being’s communication skills. Over the course of the last two decades, there has been prevalence in the use of online means for communication purposes. Chat rooms have become common place and social networking sites have also gained popularity with sites such as “Facebook” and “twitter” boasting of millions of users. Online dating has become an acceptable mode for meeting prospective partners. Business corporations have also exploited modern technology and utilize e-mails as well as video conferences for holding business meetings. This “invasion” of human communication by modern technology has greatly improved the communicational effectiveness of human beings. As such, human beings communicate better as a result of modern technology. This is because modern technology helps people to overcome some of the setbacks that hinder effective communication. For example, in face to face encounters, fear may result in someone stammering or talking in an incoherent manner. Technologies such as chat rooms and emails reduce this fear since one does not feel intimidated by the person they are communicating with. This lack of direct contact may reduce anxiety levels therefore resulting in an increase of assertiveness and articulation by the person who would otherwise be overcome wi
Summary The International Journal of Hospitality Management is a quarterly scientific journal that discusses significant issues and developments in various disciplines in the hospitality industry. The journal has been ranked as a Q1 journal by Schimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) ( SJR , n.d.). In 2019, the journal had an impact factor of 6.701, making it one of the most impactful journals in the hospitality industry ( SJR , n.d.). The journal was published in the United Kingdom by Elsevier Ltd. This paper critically reviews Breier et al.’s (2020) article titled “The role of business model innovation in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 crisis”. It analyzes the selected aspects and identifies relevant themes, theories, and study limitations. Context Breier et al. (2020) aimed to discover why hospitality firms can successfully recover from a crisis through business model innovations (BMI). The authors claimed that many hospitality industry firms were adversely affected during the COVID-19 crisis. They suggest that BMI can bring new opportunities to increase firm performance and help firms recover from a predicament. The researchers provide little but quality evidence to support BMI, possibly solving the hospitality industry’s current problem. Literature Review The article’s literature review is relevant to the study, and it allows the reader to understand its relevance and compatibility with previous research. The authors use recent studies to support the position that BMI can solve the hospitality industry’s current crisis. I agree with the literature review because the surveys are credible (most were peer-reviewed) and focus on the review’s central theme. The literature also supports and justifies the need for the research. The study was justified because the pandemic has affected many hospitality firms worldwide, and BMI is also empirically relevant in the industry. Moreover, the authors claim that research on BMI in the industry is scarce, further justifying the study. The authors sought to answer two research questions; first, can hospitality firms use BMI to overcome the COVID-19 crisis? Second, what are the drivers of BMI, and what role do stammgasts play in the industry? The survey discussed the relationship between BMI, market turbulence, and firm performance. They postulate that BMI mediates the relationship between market turbulence (COVID-19) and an enterprise’s performance. The researchers hope to contribute to BMI’s antecedent current by highlighting its drivers by conducting this study. The study also contributes to the literature on stammgasts’ role in the industry. Conceptual Framework The researchers used a conceptual framework, which provided dictionary meaning and empirical findings to define the identified conceptualizations. The study’s main conceptions were crisis management, innovation, open innovation, and business model innovations (BMI). BMI is described as the insignificant changes in a firm’s operating business model (BM). Arguably, the study’s BMI definition is inadequate, considering that BMI is its central concept. The authors should have expounded on “insigni