ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Family life is full of challenges. On top of all the normal challenges, there are extra challenges for step families. That is one of the reasons that the divorce rate for remarried couples is higher than for first-time marriages. Step families and blended families can be happy and effective, but the extra challenges require extra effort and extra wisdom to make the family strong. This paper aims at discussing the divorce rate in the United States of America, the causes of divorce and the emerging blended families. It also brings out the means in to which the two parents can strengthening their blended family and shun divorce In most cases if one was to ask a child what is a family, these are some of the answers one would get: Mum, dad and I; mum, dad, our baby and I; mum, dad, our two babies, grandma, grandpa, aunts, uncles and I. That’s a funny description of a family but believe you me that constitute what a child would think of a good and peaceful family. However, does this really bring out the family as the world attributes it today? The original purpose of God, the creator of man was that a man and a woman would leave their parents and live together. They would then multiply and fill the other, that is, they would give birth to their children. God’s original purpose was for that family to live together and be happy. Of course, he must have seen some emerging differences on the verge of marriages but he must have a good reason why in the first place he orchestrated the beginning of marriages. On going back to the same child, a child would think of a family as: they live together, they share, they care for each other, they keep each other safe, they love each other and they work together. Basically, what every other child in the universe would wish for their family to be. The question is “Does it really happen as so, is it fiction or does it possess some truthful nature in it?” That is yet to be realized… Main Part In the United States of America, the marriage rate has declined over the years since 1940. Many people have got married as well as they have divorced in some way or another. The reason why most people marry is: Love. However, love is not ultimately the greatest reason why people would marry. This is so because love could be relative as measured by a number of factors. Love may or may not result to marriage, people would marry to obtain a regular sexual partner of every time you feel you need to have someone with you in bed, others may marry to earn legitimate living together, one would also marry to enter a rich and powerful family that would earn you an amount of recognition or even to advance a career. Another strong motivation towards marriage is conformity. Apart from conformity leading to marriage, one could also marry out of pressure; pressure from external or internal forces. Some external forces are like parents who at one point you’ve really stayed much being single and your years are further gone. Parents also want to have a grandmother or grandfather title thus may result to influencing a person to get married. Othe
Nursing Services for the Elderly Taking care of elderly people is different from providing nursing services to the younger demographics not only in the type of medicine and diet but also in the factors that contribute to the patients’ faster recovery. With the elderly, the incorporation of reminiscences into the therapy is crucial for retrieving positive outcomes. My personal experience on the subject matter involved helping a 65-year-old man fight his depression. After the death of his wife, he started feeling incapable of enjoying life as he used to and, thus, developed the above-mentioned disorder. While the intervention designed by the therapist involved introducing new activities into the patient’s life so that the loss could be made less heavy, it was the focus on the happy memories related to his wife that made the progress possible. The patient’s realization that he needed to focus on the happy memories instead of the pain of his loss was the key to recovery. Despite being admittedly long, the therapy sessions did have their effect on the wellbeing of the patient. Nursing Services for Patients of a Different Background Catering to the needs of the patients, who have little to no points of contact with the therapist in terms of culture, age, social background, etc., can barely lead to any tangible results in the observable future. Therefore, it is essential for a therapist to acquire background information on the patient prior to designing and carrying out an intervention. Personally, I have experienced communication with a patient, whose background was strikingly different from mine.
Albert Einstein is arguably one of the most influential individuals in the modern world. He played a role in the development and physics, and also dabbled with the politics of his day-even though at a small scale level. During the period around the First World War, Einstein was among the individuals that were against the usage of violence in resolution of conflicts. This was one of the ethical standpoints that have made him receive credence, years after his death. Albert Einstein was born in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879 (Meltzer 2). Less than two months after his birth his family relocated to Munich where he started his education. As years passed by, Einstein and his family again relocated, this time to Switzerland, where the young Albert gained a diploma in physics and mathematics (Lakin 20). After his graduation, Einstein tried to find a job as a teacher but instead landed a position in Switzerland’s patent office (Frisch 12). In 1905, at just 26, Einstein received a doctoral degree. It was during this period that he published most his remarkable theories. By 1911 he had been declared Professor Extraordinary and Professor of Theoretical Physics in different cities across Switzerland (Frisch 23). Einstein was fundamentally a pacifist when it came to conflict resolution and this was well manifested in the First World War. During this time, 93 German professors supported a manifesto for the conduct of the nation in war, while Einstein and three other intellectuals gave their support to an anti-war counter manifesto (Calaprice and Lipscombe 121). Einstein played a critical role in the establishment of a non-partisan coalition that fronted the idea of just piece and international cooperation in the prevention of wars in the future. During his stay in Switzerland, Einstein spent his days as a theoretical physicist but also dedicated some time to uniting the warring factions. He even once declar
Homeless individuals lack access to protection, sense of belonging and are affected by diseases and seclusion. They are compelled to stay in crisis shelters or live with acquaintances and family due to a lack of options. In life, there are three basic needs of life which are food, clothing and shelter. One without the other may be considered as a miserable life. Being homeless simply means being unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, and adequate housing, or lack “fixed, regular, and adequate night time residence” (LHA Support Services, 2012). If a person lacks residence, then the person is homeless. In most cases, being homeless comes along with lack of food and proper clothing. In Ohio State, the situation of homelessness may be considered to be worse. It is characterised by the American natives, blacks, whites, and other American. In fact, “10,576 homeless Ohioans were in shelters or transitional housing in 2010″ (Facts on Poverty & Homelessness, 2012). This is a very huge number which translates to many homesteads. The causes of homelessness may vary from time to time and from person to person. Major ones can be classified into economic, social and political. In Ohio, however, many individuals experience homelessness through mental health cases, drugs and unemployment. Ploeg et al. (1997) indicated that the effects of poverty and a tight housing market were more important than individual psychosocial problems as causes of homelessness among families. The causes of homelessness in the current Ohio include the rising costs of housing, poverty and the lack of affordable housing. For instance, current levels of housing costs, coupled with low wage jobs can result in the working poor being forced out of their homes, divorce, domestic violence and lack of family support, broken relationships, chronic health problems or physical disabilities and sudden job loss due to injury or illness. Others include mental illness, engaging in drugs, alcohol, gambling addictions and natural disaster (Facts on Poverty & Homelessness, 2012). There are various effects of homelessness to the community and to the homeless. These effects have impacted negatively on the homeless individuals depending on the underlying causes. They include:  1. Psychosocial health. Homelessness leads to mental imbalance, thus, there are so many madmen in the streets. Facts on Poverty & Homelessness (2012) indicate that 20-25% of the US homeless populations suffer from some form of menta
Executive Summary Contrary to the much-publicized struggle against segregation by African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans’ fight for social, economic, and racial inclusion remains relatively unwritten. Stories of white discrimination against the Hispanic-Americans remain untold, while the closer attention is paid to the struggles of the Black-Americans. Probably this gets attribution to the fact that most activities against segregation hailed from the Black-American community. Rosa Parks, the women behind the post-war struggle for equality and war on racism came from the black community. Martin Luther King Jr., the force behind equality also originated from blacks. However, it is vital to note that the Hispanic-Americans were vocal in the fight for equality too. In a society where the Whites felt superior, the Declaration of Independence brought up avenues for social, economic, and political equality. Together with the fight by Blacks, Latino civil groups, and individual activists played a crucial role in creating a society that appreciated the liberty and equal justice for all the citizens. Through education and civil disobedience, the Hispanic community demystified stereotypes that presented the Latinos as racially inferior and intellectually below the levels of the white counterparts in the country. Moreover, through lessons in schools, educators taught against playing second level citizenry, creating increased self-esteem among the Latinos. These coupled with other measures helped in crafting a society that appreciates equality across all groups of citizens. Introduction When President Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery and all forms of servitude, marginalized groups such as Blacks, Latinos, and the Indian Americans sighed with relief. The future seemed bright with equality taking center stage. However, the struggle remained the same; Whites continued to oppress the minority groups. For example, only white men were entitled to voting rights while women remained quasi-members of society. Increasing civil disobedience, social strives, and rising number of activists reshaped the struggle for inclusivity. Martin Luther King Jr., in borrowing much from Mahatma Gandhi’s style of social disobedience, preached peace, love, and harmony as he embraced discourse towards an all-inclusive society. The Ku Klux Klan, on the other hand, believed in an eye for eye revenge, in which violence played a great role in retaliatory actions against the white oppressors. Hispanic Americans, on their part, remained relatively less vocal in this respect even though their complete dissatisfaction with wh
Introduction Sociologists use different theoretical perspectives when studying society and human interactions. There are three prominent theories in sociology: functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory. This paper will introduce theorists of each of these three perspectives and the tenets of their theories. Further, qualitative and quantitative research methods will be defined, and an explanation will be offered regarding these research methods being approached from different sociological perspectives. Introducing Sociologists and Their Perspectives The first sociologist is Emile Durkheim, whose views adhere to the structural-functional theory, also called functionalism. Functionalism views society as comprised of different elements that serve to meet people’s various biological and social needs (Smith-Hawkins, 2020). According to the structural-functional perspective, all parts of society, such as family, government, and education, contribute to the entire society and maintain its stability (Griffiths et al., 2015). Durkheim believed that society functioned as a whole because people in it were connected by a common language, values, and symbols (Griffiths et al., 2015). Consequently, in order to study sociology, researchers should look beyond individuals and explore larger structures, such as laws, religion, and fashion. One way in which Durkheim applied the structural-functional perspective to research is by studying social factors affecting suicide rates. He hypothesized that suicide rates could be influenced by differences in religious affiliation and, after reviewing the suicide statistics, he found that his hypothesis was confirmed (Griffiths et al., 2015). His findings showed that, although suicide was considered an individual phenomenon, such social structure as religion affected it, with Catholics being less likely to end their lives than Protestants (Griffiths et al., 2015). Thus, functionalists look at how larger social structures affect the lives of individuals and society as a whole. The second sociologist is Karl Marx, who is considered the developer of the conflict theory. This theory posits that society represents “a competition for limited resources” (Smith-Hawkins, 2020, p. 4). Marx believed that society was comprised of people of different social classes who competed for scanty resources, such as employment and housing (Griffiths et al., 2015). Some individuals managed to obtain more resources, which put them in a position of power and allowed them to maintain the inequalities in society. According to Marx, social inequalities would become extreme one day, and it would force the disadvantaged classes to revolt (Griffiths et al., 2015). Whether Marx’s predictions are true or not, they demonstrate the major argument of the conflict theory, namely, that social changes are the result of conflicts in society. In addition, Marx believed that the economic structure determined the other elements of social structure (Griffiths et al., 2015). For example, in capitalism, the social conflict stems from the inequalities between the working class and the bourgeois
Nicholas Carr comes up with an argument on the effects of computers on human intelligence. The technology writer claims that the Internet has turned the human brain into toys by reducing their ability to process information. He states that the brain becomes lazy and weak unable to make even the simple contemplations. Researchers from University College London support his studies because they have the same observations with peer-reviewed sources. The researchers determined that people go online to avoid the traditional reading that eases access to information. Internet is becoming the primary source of information and the writer notes that this is affecting peoples’ ability to read books. Carr uses pathos directly to connect the readers to his arguments. The writer explores every detail in the effects of computers making the reader think that something needs to be changed. The author thinks that he can no longer issue quick judgments. His brain is becoming weak each day he faces the computer. Carr states that he can no longer enjoy reading books because his concentration diminishes daily. Use of pathos in his argument is a good way to engage the reader’s mind into getting a clear picture of the worrying situation. In the same way, the writer is unable to go beyond what the Internet provides, weakening his brain from exploring inner details. On the positive side, the writer recognizes that the Internet helps him save time while searching for complex information. Carr warns readers from this habit as it diminishes their ability to carry out their own tasks like researching from books (Stansbury, 2008, 102). Carr captures the mind of his audience by using familiar issues and movie scenes. Besides the movies, his arguments are embedded in imagery and relatable analogies. The writer also uses metaphors to capture the minds of his audience. Use of pathos is most common in Carr’s arguments and this has helped capture the mind of the audience and help clarify his points. According to Carr, every benefit has a price attached to it and sometimes the price may be more than the item. In his argument, the writer notes that the Internet is taking over the human mind. Carr uses Ethos appeals in his argument. This help captures the mind of his audience. Ethos mostly focuses on the speaker and here the technology writer dominates the talk. As he clarifies his points, the writer applies ethos to help his audience capture the inner details of his argument. According to Carr, computers have eroded human mind leaving them with little power to concentrate. This has affected students in schools as they can no longer come up with reliable research using their books. Use of logos dominates Carr’s argument where he relates the problem posed by
Supporting Arguments Undocumented immigrants’ taxes are more profitable to the government Nowadays, there are many undocumented immigrants in the United States. Though some people think that immigrants create a number of challenges and threats to native citizens, it is necessary to admit that immigrants still have to pay taxes almost the same way others in the United States do, 1). In the United States, there are millions of dollars in taxes that come from unknown sources. Immigrants without documents have to pay sales taxes in order to cover all their purchases and avoid financial or level problems. The government finds it necessary to spend all such money on the development of schools, fire departments, and highways, 1). Therefore, it seems to be rather profitable for the government to use taxes that come from undocumented immigrants and cover their official debts and social needs. The revenue and GDP improvements are observed with the presence of undocumented immigrants in the United States People continue believing that the presence of undocumented immigrants worsens the current economic situation of the country. However, even despite the fact that such immigrants may require certain educational, medical, or legal expenditures and costs that exceed $15 billion annually, the revenue generates the same number of immigrants exceeds that amount considerably and brings many financial benefits to the country, 2). For example, over the last 10 years, US GDP was increased by $1,5 trillion due to the existing immigration reform and the fact that approximately 10% of the US population are undocumented immigrants, 3). In general, it is hard to give an exact number of revenue that has been already improved by the work of undocumented immigrants. Besides, it is hard to predict future changes in the same sphere because many people from different countries are ready to leave their homes and enjoy the famous American Dream without even thinking about possible threats, 4). Immigrants continue providing native citizens with new energy and opportunities and deprive Americans of the necessity to do the work they do not want to do The presence of undocumented immigrants has a number of positive outcomes in terms of the needs and opportunities of the US citizens. For example, American employees should not be bothered with the necessity to pay a lot to illegal immigrants but focus on covering their main needs, 5). Besides, such immigrants may perform the work that the US citizens do not want to deal with and promote the development of agriculture in the country, for example. Finally, Americans have to understand that undocumented immigrants do not ask a lot. They usually enjoy the opportunities they get and have no sources to address for the help to. Though it seems to be cruel from an ethical point of view, such a situation creates certain benefits to the citizens of the United States. Counter Arguments Immigrants steal jobs from citizens, increasing the unemployment rate
Executive Summary The main purpose of this report is to understand the consumer buying behavior. The findings that were noted are that a consumer has diverse requirements and wishes. The marketers should search for relationships between their products and lifestyle group, for example for a middle-aged she would prioritize her needs to cosmetic surgery this is to enable her to feel like she is still young and the lowest need being tattooing and piercing and since she is mature and she would like to present herself in a respectable manner she would only prioritize on cosmetic surgery, eye surgery and laser skin treatment. And The old lady, she would prioritized her options to eye surgery to avoid wearing glasses, followed by the laser skin treatments to prevent her from looking too old and avoid the wrinkles from appearing Thus, buyers with different ages have different needs and spend different amounts on necessities and non necessities. Thus, the marketer should have be able to know the target market of its product and ways in which he/ she could attract these markets e.g. the could be able to attract consumers through promotions like bonus packs to prompt the consumers to buy and perhaps buy more than they otherwise would. Introduction Consumer behavior is a rational psychological process which allows consumers to critically evaluate their purchase options with the aim of justifying the reasons behind their purchases in order to maximize their own satisfaction. Consumer behavior involves on how consumers decide whether or not to purchase a product. The consumers’ decision is usually based on consumers decision making process with respect to understanding what the consumer wants, consumption and disposition of goods and services, activities, decision-making units ( overtime) (Kotler 2003, 12). Consumer behavior means more than just the way that a person buys tangible goods; it also includes consumers’ use of services, activities experiences, and ideas. Marketers are very concerned with the manner in which consumers buy products and services. However, marketers are also intensely interested in consumer related to using and disposing of a product. This include; acquisition – the process by which a consumer comes to own the product; usage- the process by which a consumer uses the product; and disposition – the process by which a consumer discards a product (Porter 1990, 8). The sequence of acquisition, consumption and disposition can occur over time in a dynamic order. Entire markets are designed around linking one consumer’s disposition decision to the customers’ acquisition decisions, for instance, when consumers buy used cars they are buying cars that others have disposed of and should be aware of it. Body modification Some of the image altering options reflecting the variety of behaviors by the illustration were: body art for fashion (tat