ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Main Thesis Overview In his book, Elsewhere USA : How we got from the Company Man, Family Dinners, and the Affluent Society to the Home Office, BlackBerry Moms, and Economic Anxiety , Conley describes two portraits namely Mr. & Mrs. 1959 and Mr. & Mrs. 2009. He emphasizes the differences between the two portraits using broad ideas, lifestyle differences that exist between the educated, white collar families prevailing in those eras. It is from this standpoint that he weaves the discussion focusing on economic, social and corporate levels. Interestingly, Conley maps out numerous changes that have taken place over the past three decades, and how they were planned out in an unbelievable and interesting manner. He explores how continuous economic, technological and social changes, have affected man’s way of life (Collins 6). A flashback on how the author was brought up, his parents’ lifestyle back in the days which are significantly different from modern ones and, in fact, deeply contrasts to today’s environment and lifestyle are provided. This helps one appreciate the dramatic changes which have occurred and continue to occur in various spheres of our lives today. Illustrated below are some of the sub arguments that contribute to the overall assessment of the thesis. How we got from the company man, family dinners, and affluent society to the home office, blackberry moms, and economic anxiety” (Dalton 1) Conley explores the gradual dramatic changes that have taken place in our daily lives over the past three decades. The various spheres of life have various bounds and are related to each other, e.g. there are certain links between such areas of life as leisure and work, home and office and public space and private space; not only have they blurred but also become permeable. A deep insight into our new social reality is given (Collins 10). Our daily lives are connected with the often occasionally overlooked sociological changes. These often overlooked sociological changes include increased women participation in the labor force, the rise in economic inequality which has in turn resulted in increased anxiety among successful professionals. The books provides an in-depth inside into how our society is influenced by advances in technology, what socia
Introduction Starbucks Corporation is a worldwide coffee and coffeehouse chain mainly located in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the greatest coffeehouse corporation in the world, with 15,011 stores in 44 states. Starbucks sells dribbled brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, other hot and cold drinks, snacks and objects such as mugs and coffee beans. Through the Starbucks Entertainment separation and Hear Music product, the company is also represented on the market of books, music, and film. Many of these products are seasonal or specific to the location of the representative or dealer. Starbucks brand ice cream and coffee are also vented at grocery stores. History The original Starbucks was first originated in Seattle, Washington in 1971 by three associates: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegel, and writer Gordon Bowker. The three were enthused by Alfred Peet, whom they knew individually, to originate their initial store in Pike Place Market to vend high-quality coffee beans and gadgetry. The original Starbucks placement was at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971-1976. That store then changed the location to 1912 Pike Place; it is still open. Throughout their first year of functioning, they bought green coffee beans from Peet’s, and then started purchasing directly from farmers. As Starbucks often tries new productions as part of its ongoing modernization and alteration, Starbucks began testing selling a “short” brewed coffee for $1 and offering free of charge restocks on all brewed coffee. This test was restricted to the greater Seattle market, with no plans for development to country markets. Per an interior email, this program was terminated in late March 2008. The general price for a dumpy brewed coffee at Starbucks is about $1.50 when Dunkin’ Donuts 10 ounce coffee runs for $1.39 and McDonald’s’ 12-ounce premium coffee is $1.07. Products Starbucks offers a diversity of beverages entailing brewed coffee, hot chocolate, espresso, teas, and Frappuccino. Also obtainable are bottled beverages comprising Naked Juice, Ethos water, San Pellegrino, Izze soda, and Horizon Organic Milk. Cappuccinos and all other drinks with steamed milk and/or foam can be modified to order with impels of flavoured syrups, rational temperature modifications and supplementary espresso blasts. Starbucks also provides blended drinks, such as the “Frappuccino Blended Coffee”, a flavoured drink of chocolate, milk, and sugar merged with ice. The name is a portmanteau of frappe and cappuccino and was initiated in 1995. Starbucks vends seasonal beverages as well, such as the Pumpkin Spice Latte (Thanksgiving), Gingerbread Latte, Peppermint Mocha, Eggnog La
Introduction Let me take this opportunity to congratulate each one of you for finding love and your apparent commitment to establish a functional relationship. Your desire to learn how to use interpersonal communication in your relationship indicates that you are committed to establishing a long-term interdependent beneficial relationship. This step is an admirable start, and it is highly recommended. Secondly, I am grateful because of your confidence in my expertise and advice on this significant element of a healthy interpersonal relationship. In response to your inquiry, I shall explore the main aspects of interpersonal communication, which are a prerequisite to building of a working interpersonal relationship. These aspects include principles and misconceptions in effective interpersonal communication, barriers to effective interpersonal interactions, and the process by which self-concept is developed and maintained. I shall also discuss strategies for active, critical, and empathic listening coupled with how perceptions, emotions, and nonverbal expressions affect interpersonal relationships. Principles and misconceptions in effective interpersonal communication An interpersonal relationship is complex and requires a lot of work on the part of both parties. Effective interpersonal communication is a cornerstone of a healthy interpersonal communication. It is pertinent for the sake of your relationship to note that communication relies up on the interaction between the two parties communicating and one party can not warrant its success (Pearson et al, 2006, p.157). Therefore, learning personal communication ideas and acquiring given communication skillfulness is fundamental to effective interaction. Interpersonal communication refers to communication that takes place in an interpersonal relationship like yours (Miller and Steinberg cited in Pearson et al, 2006, p.132). You communicate with others in an interpersonal way when your communication is limited to a situation in which you are aware of the personal characteristics, individuality or behaviors of your friend, partner or the other person. The two of you should, therefore, do a lot of work in knowing and understanding each other on a personal basis, so that your communication may be based on interpersonal knowledge. It is essential to remember that this is a long-term developmental process. The principle of self-disclosure is a fundamental factor for growth and development of your relationship. Self-disclosure refers to a process whereby each partner deliberately reveals her or his part of private life that others would otherwise not know (Pearson et al, 2006, p.136). Self-disclosure consists of sensitive, confidential or private information that is deliberately provided. Self- disclosure makes a spouse transparent and helps others to understand you as a distinct individual (Pearson et al, 2006, p.136). You should note that self-disclosure is not synonymous with a superficial self-description. However, it is necessary to be cautious of the misconception that self-disclosure is exclusively negative information. Even tho
Capacity planning and control entails the research techniques for addressing the issue of scheduling business applications, planning the allocation of resources, controlling inventory through routing or queuing and having the problem solving techniques in place for various departments. The planning and controlling approaches include optimization techniques. The function in this approach is diminishing or maximization of business elements to meet the least expenditure objectives within a constrained operating environment. A big problem is broken down to ease complexity and thus speeding up computation. A problem can decompose to allow efficiency in and ability to handle the uncertainties adequately. Secondly, dynamic approach allows the business owner or analyst to make decisions sequentially in a multi-stage pattern. A problem is recursively related to solutions come up with most effective results or conclusion. A complex problem can be decomposed to various sub-problems and the solution to one problem create a sequentially dependent framework such that the solution of a sub-problem emerges from the preceding solution meaning that the whole problem is one, broken into various parts but the preceding resolutions are independent of each other. The other approach entails sensitivity analysis. The management have to analyze hypothetically, logically or substantially, the most important functions of the firm. This must be the key element of the business that triggers major changes in the business performance and examines the most important factors for the revolution. The definition of this approach is a procedure of examining impacts over changes and their effects as outputs. (Dodds, 2008) One has to evaluate reasonable limits for change or the individual impact on other independent measures of business quality. This approach rarely features independent usage because it has the sole purpose of challenging other business points for optimal performance. Its main usage occurs after other approaches, to determine their viability or validity. Lastly is the probabilistic and risk analysis approach. This represents a major departure from the main deterministic view. The analysis has a subjective basis on judgements made by the experts, business planners or analysts. The consideration entails correlations along with uncertainties to gauge cost and performance. Compared to deterministic or fixed-point approaches, the probabilistic approach offers additional information of chances and range sensitivity. These approaches entail some common techniques and the business manager ought to base their decisions on the method to implement, by checking on the primary functionality of optimisation or delineation of the differences in the approaches. They can also support their decisions on simulation based on the systems dynamics, an
If the American military considers purchasing shoes from local manufactures only, a number of the economic phenomena are likely to occur. Both short-term and long-term impacts are possible. One of the major short-term effects will be an increase in the rate return on sales for the local companies. The current situation, where the military obtains shoes entirely from imports, tends to reduce the market for local manufacturers. It also gives foreign manufacturers an advantage since the military is a bulk buyer. In addition, the government is likely to lose in terms of the tax obtained from imports. However, it is worth noting that American laws exclude the military from certain taxes, and shoes are some of the basic items for the military that face lenient taxation. On the other hand, the government would increase tax collectible since local manufactures would still be taxed on manufactured units. On the long-term basis, the local manufacturing companies that would be picked to make military shoes would need additional employees, which would increase the rate of employment by a significant margin (Ramey & Shapiro, 2011) This initiative is a relatively good idea in economic terms. When goods are manufactured in foreign nations, the market available for local companies is reduced. They cannot compete with foreign products since the latter is preferred, especially when the consumers are not individuals but a group such as the military. Local manufacturers lose to foreign manufacturers, especially in terms of microeconomics. For example, such imports as shoes are made in countries such as China, South Korea, and India, where labor is cheaper than in the US. In addition, the cost of production on materials is relatively low in these nations compared to the US. Although companies such as Reebok, Marlboro, and Nike are European conglomerates, they have taken advantage of cheap labor in Southeast Asia and India by locating their manufacturing plants in these countries. Thus, it is clear that the price of imported products is less than that of locally manufactured products. Thus, the competitiveness of the local shoe manufacturers is relatively weak. In this case, the military’s intervention by purchasing locally manufactured goods is likely to promote this industry. Another long-term effect of this action is the increase in the demand for raw materials. This would promote other industries such as leather, silk, cotton, and others that produce products needed to make shoes. As such, the American economy is likely to gain, especially in terms of an increased rate of employment and industrial growth. The government expenditure on the military is likely to remain intact. However, due to the increase in demand for raw products and the resulting increase in the rate of production for raw materials, the increase in industrial growth, especially in agriculture and processing industries, is likely to benefit the government (Galí, López‐Salido & Vallés, 2007). Thus, the long-term effect is a significant improvement in the general economy. From a
Introduction The research article written by Yamamura and Grupe (2005) called “Ethical Standards for Online Advice Giving” is a comprehensive source of information on the topic of ethical conduct when providing services on the Internet. It should be noted that the authors throw light on the benefits and barriers of online advice-giving and provide insights into the ways companies or individuals could ensure ethical standards are met in their practice. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and review this article, analyze its strengths and weaknesses, and determine the importance of society. Summary The authors stressed that the Internet had become a new and powerful tool for businesses to seize their potential and expand capabilities. It enables companies and individuals to grow without significant investments while raising clients’ awareness of the company and reaching wider audiences throughout the world. However, the use of the Internet implies certain ethical responsibilities and threats for both customers and businesses, which should not be ignored. This understanding poses a certain degree of liability on companies since it is their responsibility to ensure the validity and reliability of the services they offer online. Importantly, Yamamura and Grupe (2005) delineate such notions as information and advice. They state that anyone can provide legal information on a subject; nevertheless, only an authorized body can give legal advice, and the violation of this rule is a serious breach. In terms of unique opportunities that online activity provides, the authors emphasize that ease of access, potential savings, and reaching wider audiences are the main advantages that the Internet can bring to the business. However, certain disadvantages are present as well. For instance, difficulties in communication (impossibility to use body language, reliance on the printed text, differences in skills) pose a threat to the success of interaction (Yamamura & Grupe, 2005). In addition, anonymity ca
Introduction Globalisation has expanded the volume of trade activities amongst countries. Modern technology has eased business activities by eliminating communication barriers that hampered the efficient transfer of information between traders (Ruigrok, & Tulder, 2013). Africa, South Asia and the United Arab Emirates are some of the latest beneficiaries of modern technology and globalisation. Multinational companies have flocked to these regions in search of new markets to expand their territories (Kotabe, Jiang, & Murray, 2014). This proposal is prepared to examine the impacts of the media on marketing multinationals in new and emerging markets. Research Questions The following research questions will guide the researcher to focus on important issues regarding the survey.  1. What is the role of the media in marketing?  2. What are the relationships between emerging and new markets, multinationals and the media?  3. What are the communication challenges facing new entrants into new and emerging markets?  4. What is the relative influence of multinationals on local business activities?  5. Are there incentives to attract foreign investors in new and emerging markets?  6. What is the future of multinationals in spurring economic development in new and emerging markets? Research Objectives The primary objective of this study will be to determine the possibility of using the media to seek or create investment opportunities in new and emerging markets. The demand for goods and services continues to rise as the world’s population soars. Some nations do not have the resources to offer essential services to their citizens. This proposal formulates a framework for analysing the opportunities available in emerging and new markets offered by developing nations. The researcher will identify the problems that these markets face and solutions that multinationals offer to solve them. Therefore, the weaknesses of the economies of emerging markets are an important variable in formulating the hypothesis of this research. The economic and technological powers of multinationals are also important variables that will be analysed to identify ways these companies may use to enter new markets. Most multinationals are usually interested in expanding their territories by conquering new and emerging markets (Cui, & Jiang, 2012). The findings of this research will provide valuable information on the feasibility of investing in Africa, South Asia and the United Arab Emirates. Other objectives include evaluating the financial benefits that these companies may get if they invest in new and emerging marketers (Massari, & Ruberti, 2013). In addition, the researcher will be interested in identifying the entrance barriers and how multinationals influence the social, economic and political environments of these markets. Li
Introduction “A primitive crystal ball” and the talks about their future beloved – this seemingly naïve and childish pastime of the girls of Salem turned out to be the causal factor of the tragedy that makes the flesh of contemporary generation creep when reading about the nightmare that descended on Massachusetts in 1692. Salem, a village in Massachusetts, and the neighboring towns of Ipswich and Andover suffered a massive outbreak of a witch hunt in 1962 that saw many people tried and convicted of the crime of witchcraft. The fact that deserves mentioning is that the convictions were all based on unfounded accusations of a group of young girls who lived in Salem. The claims of these girls stated that they were suffering witchcraft attacks that made them develop convulsive seizures and act in a weird manner and this led to the belief that there were citizens practicing “malefic witchcraft” in Salem. The arrests started with three women accused: Sara Good, Sara Osborne, and Tituba, but their imprisonment did not mean that the matter was then at an end since “adults as well as children were falling victim to the spell”. As a result of the series of hearings, nineteen inhabitants of Salem and neighboring towns were put to death and more than a hundred of suspected witches were kept in jail but the arrests went on until the intervention of the principal ministers of eastern Massachusetts 4 . The authors state that the Salem witchcraft outbreak has been “the continuing fascination and challenge” for historians since the account of the events arouses much more questions than answers. Nowadays, the practice of witchcraft cannot be considered an acceptable cause of the tragedy of Salem. The event should be analyzed as a multidimensional historic situation caused by a number of factors, such as social, economic, religious, and certainly, gendered. While Boyer and Nissenbaum have presented a deep analysis of the communal and social aspect of Salem witch trials, they have set aside the gendered dimension of the event, though its analysis could have been beneficial. Boyer and Nissenbaum’s Explanation of the Salem Episode As it has been mentioned above, Boyer and Nissenbaum attribute the Salem episode to something more than what people perceived it to be. The two paint a picture of other factors that might have contributed to the Salem tragedy. As they offer the account of the pace, status, and geography in Salem trials, they stress the necessity of “a close look at Salem Village before its moment of notoriety”. They include such factors as political and economic situation of the region. Boyer and Nissenbaum state that there were two geographical namesakes: Sal