ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Society had become increasingly concerned about the degradation of youth. Different studies over the years have suggested that a big part of youths and adults are increasingly assassinating and hurting others and are showing anti-social behaviors. The other part is becoming obese. At times, it almost seems to be an epidemic. Many believe that one of the major causes of these problems is video games. However, contrary to popular belief, video games have not been scientifically linked to causing violence, obesity, or anti-social behavior. Anti-social behaviors Anti-social behaviors have no connection with gaming at all. There should be a realization that though society has changed its perspectives, it has yet to deal with the social operations and dynamics that dampen the development of many sectors in the society. In effect, by not being able to take the opportunities that are supposed to alleviate them they are being further stressed by the censure of failure and personal responsibility for their lives ( Giddings, 178-180). That is why there is a need for conscious and collective actions to change society. One of the most urgent concerns is the assurance of economic opportunities which should be considered an integral component of any social program to address the issue. The development of various alliances among groups within the community has shown better success in eliciting a response from the most distressed among specific segments: the youth and women. These efforts have achieved success because they have taken into consideration similar trends among other social that suffer marginalization. Anti-social behaviors are clear cases of alienation towards society and there is no connection whatsoever with gaming. If an Anti-social has a liking for gaming it certainly does not make gaming the cause of Anti-social behaviors. Furthermore, gaming never causes isolation. It is actually helpful for building social bondage. “ Much video gameplay is social. Almost 60 percent of frequent gamers play with friends. Thirty-three percent play with siblings and 25 percent play with spouses or parents ” (Jenkins, 1). Obesity Recently there was an article posted on www.betterhealthusa.com, titled, Overweight and Obesity in children , which informed readers about the significant rate of growth of obese children in the general population. The rate of prevalence of obesity among American children had seen a significant rise and it was estimated that about 15 percent of children aged between 6 to 15 and about 10 percent of children between the ages of 2 to 5 were reported to be seriously overweight. This is an issue, which has worried health professionals in the United States for a long time because such a situation indicates that the subsequent generations would become weaker and more prone to diseases. The article informs that about two-thirds of the general population in America is overweight and 30 percent of the population is obese. What is more worrisome is the fact that the growth of such cases in children h
Introduction: Exploring Educational Tendencies in Qatar Qatar is one of the leading countries in the Gulf area due to its economic and social performance as compared to other nations in the region. The country’s real GDP is around 8%, which is one of the highest rates among Arab states ( Survey of economic and social developments 2009). This success can be explained by the countries commitment to ongoing reforms and adoption of approaches that have proved to be successful such as the introduction of electronic record-keeping in Qatari healthcare facilities, the development of a universal insurance program in the healthcare sector, the use of the advanced technology in the petrochemical industry (Goodman 2015). The educational reform is one of the most remarkable illustrations of this successful adoption. The country managed to achieve almost universal literacy among people under 15 ( Survey of economic and social developments 2009). The inclusion of women in the educational sphere is also remarkable as over half of the student pool within higher education is female students (Golkowska 2014). This paper includes an analysis of educational policies as well as the effects of globalization on the sphere of education in Qatar. Specifically, the work focuses on such issues as literacy, schooling materials facilitation, the improvement of learning access, and the promotion of equality. The overview of the WISE initiative, which evolved as one of the most consistent globalization influences, is sustained. The paper is divided into three central sections. The first part of the analysis provides a general context in which the case study is regarded. Specifically, it targets the issues of social, economic, historical, and political foundations, which rule the dimension of learning in Qatar. Second, the realization of educational progression through the realization of WISE forum initiative is analyzed. Finally, the connection between the principles of globalization and educational improvement in developing countries is reviewed. This analysis of the data suggests that the impact of international institutions and global policies improvement inflicted some positive changes that were applied in the Qatari educational system. Educational Policies Background Exploring the Social Platform in Qatar In the majority of Arabian states, the foundation for learning is extremely poor due to scarce resources available to allocate in the educational system (Rizvi & Lingard 2009). Such Arab countries as Yemen, Egypt, and Palestine where more than 50% of people do not have access to proper sanitation and where life expectancy is the lowest in the region have various socio-economic and political issues to resolve before they can consider allocating significant funds into the educational sphere ( Survey of economic and social developments 2009). Despite the
“Barbie Doll” is an open-form narrative poem written by M. Piercy. It tells a sad story of a girl, whose life comes to a deplorable end because of the effect of other people’s opinions. The poem consists of 25 lines and does not have any regular end rhyme or solid rhythmic structure. However, there is internal assonance and alliteration. The rhythm is created by repetitive iambs and anapests. Punctuation and capitalization are often omitted, which is typical of the genre (Mays 121). The author uses repetitions as the main device. “And” is repeated several times, which suggests the imitation of a child’s speech. Repetition can be identified on the morphological level as well (past participle form is used multiple times: “tested”, “possessed”, “advised”, “presented”, “offered”, etc.). This formal style enhances the irony: the poet stays detached from the lyrical heroine as if telling her story as a medical case study. Childish phrases at the beginning (e.g. “did pee-pee”) are contrasted with the gravity of the outcome. The major theme of the poem is how the life of a person can be destroyed by the accidental loss of self-confidence. The girl who was strong and intelligent gets ruined when she sees her ostensible defects. Like in the first poem, death is shown as relief from sufferings, and as a way to put an end to the life that so largely depended on recognition and appraisal of others. The means chosen by the author contribute to the bitter irony of the subject. The ending of the poem is particularly powerful as all the observers finally find the woman pretty when she is lying in her coffin. The sight of death pleases everyone. Works Cited Mays, Kelly J. The Norton introduction to literature . New York, New York: WW Norton & Company, 2015.
History of Racism Deviant behavior refers to violation of informal social norms and formally enacted rules. The deviant behavior discussed in this essay is racism in the United States. The history of racism started way back in the 19 th century whereby slaves were being taken from Africa to go and work in the plantations. Racists considered Africans to be dependent on the whites for their care since they were considered not fit to take care of themselves. During this time, racism was not regarded as deviant behavior since whites saw them as inferior and less human. The other reason that made racism not deviant behaviors during this time was that Africans needed the guidance of the whites and have limited control of themselves. Africans were seen as dangerous beats which needed to be eliminated in America (Morabia, 2019). Africans were discriminated against based on their skin color and origin. During the 13 th , 14 th , and 15 th constitutional amendments were black voices for equality and freedom. The constitutional amendment focused on the struggle for Africans to be treated with respect and dignity. In the late 19 th century, education increased among the African Americans after self-conscious black among the middle class. Books and novels published portrayed how the black population was not treated as equals to the white population (Morabia, 2019). It showed how the blacks have difficulty attaining prosperity and dignity by proving to the whites that they are productive society members and deserve equal and fair treatment. Racism in other Cultures In European cultures, especially in Germany, racism is not considered a deviant behavior. Racial discrimination has affected the life routines and chances of minority groups. It is stated that deviance is dependent on race, mostly when justice and crimes are involved. The whites are less likely to go further and apprehended in the justice system, convictions, booking, and jai
The phenomenon of human life has been continuously discovered from various perspectives, including biology, sociology, religion, and philosophy. In my opinion, the only way to define the value of a human being is not to isolate this definition from any of the aforementioned concepts. Indeed, the biological value of a human being concerns the maintenance and development of the ecosystem and the production of new human beings in order to continue the existence of humankind. The religious value of a human is to do good in the name of God and build a blissful community around them both during and after life. The sociological and philosophical aspects of human life concern the emergence and gradual development of a community that establishes certain norms of behavior and interaction with each other while driving progress and evolution of human intelligence and relations. For this reason, I believe the human value to be somewhere in the middle of these definitions, with every human choosing the path closer to their perception of life and existence in general. In my opinion, while there is no answer to when human life begins, the most appropriate answer in the modern context would be when the human being becomes physiologically independent, that is, at one’s birth (Gilbert, n.d.). However, it by no means implies that the embryo should be disregarded or not perceived as a genesis of a new life, as all stages of human development are to be respected equally with respect to the parents’ opinion. Essentially, I do not think that people should have a definite stance on the matter of the most recent discoveries in medicine, including alternative ways of fertilization, abortion, or euthanasia. The phenomenon of pluralism is a driving force of modern society, giving people a choice the see the same situation from various perspectives. While, in some ways, abortion or surrogate might be a conscious choice between various options, some precedents do not leave people with a choice. Furthermore, people have no obligation to justify their autonomy in order to prove the relevance of their choice, as we are all entitled to be human beings with fundamental freedoms. Reference Gilbert, S. (n.d.). When does personhood begin? Swarthmore. Web.
Introduction First published in 1960, the novel ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ by Harper Lee won the Pulitzer Prize in 1960 for presenting the themes of the racial injustice and oppression of the innocent blacks in southern states. The author draws her own childhood experiences in the state of Alabama where racism and poverty were major social problems in the early and the mid 20 th century. In this book, the author tells the story from a perspective of a young white girl, Scout Finch, whose family emigrated from England to settle in American South during the Jim Crow era. The family is transformed from poverty to wealth, but it remains one of the few white families ready to accommodate and recognize the black people as a part of the society, while other Whites oppress and discriminate them. Evidently, the book provides an analysis that attempts to show the impact of racism in American south, clearly showing that the problem does not only affect the Blacks, but the entire society in general. Book summary Scout Finch, the narrator, is a young girl living in Maycomb, a sleepy town in Alabama, with her father Atticus and brother, Jem. The father is a widower, having lost his wife some years before. The story is set during the Great Depression, when American societies were experiencing a harsh economic period. However, Atticus, a prominent lawyer who emigrated from Britain to settle in Alabama, has made fortune due to his hard work. In fact, it is evident that the family is financially well off as compared to their impoverished neighbours. A few years after their settlement in the town, Jem and Scout have made a new friend, Dill, a young boy who later becomes their associate in telling the story. As the trio plays in the streets, they become fascinated by a certain spooky house called the Radley Place, which is owned by Mr. Nathan Radley but occupied Arthur Boo, Nathan’s brother. The man is quite mysterious and does not venture out, but the townspeople do not dare interfere in his life. Scout goes to school for the first time during a fall, but it is evident that the girl does not like school life. During their play close to the Radley Place, Scout and Jem find gifts left in a knothole of the tree. Apparently, the gifts are meant for the three children because they normally play close to the tree. The three decide to find out who Boo is and why he acts in a strange manner. However, when they sneak into the Radley Place, Nathan shoots at them, so they escape. During the escape, Jem loses his pants, but then he is surprised to find them mended and hung over their fence. Atticus agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a young white woman, as a protest against racism. Atticus finds that Mayella and her father, Bob
Abstract In recent years, electronic games, home computers, and the internet have taken up an important place in our lives. This paper gives a review of the research on the impact of home computer use on the development of teens. Time use data is presented along with a brief discussion of factors, which influence the time spent on computers as well as the activities engaged in it. Research on the influence of computer use on cognitive skill and academic development, social development and associations, and perceptions of reality and violent behavior will also be presented. The critical role in the lives of adolescents is brought out using data obtained from various academic sources. The paper concludes with observations and recommendations for future study in order to better understand the rising impact of computers on teens. Introduction The time is now ideal to review the effects of technology use on teen development. Over the past few years, a growing number of U.S. households have added electronic games, home computers, and the Internet to existing technologies-the telephone, radio TV, and the stereo system-that take up much of children’s time. Indeed, estimates show that 60% of U.S. households with teen children have home computers and 61% of the households with computers have access to Internet services (Cole 30). Surveys of parents suggest that they acquire home computers and subscribe to Internet access to provide learning opportunities for their children, and to equip them for the ‘information-age.’ It is obvious that many parents are increasingly concerned about the impact of the Internet on their children and express disappointment over their children using the computer for activities like playing games and surfing the Internet to download lyrics of popular songs and pictures of rock stars. However, parents usually consider time wasted on the computer preferable to time spent before the TV, and even regard children without computers to be at a disadvantage (Cole 31). While the research on whether computers are a positive influence in teen’s lives is mostly vague and indefinite, some initial findings are beginning to emerge. Understanding the effect of computer use requires good estimates of both the time children spend on computers and the time taken away from other useful activities. It is estimated that teen’s spend approximately two hours a day on computers, including video games (Dworetzky 12). The same estimates show that among the teens who had access to the Internet at home, usage averaged about 3h/week during weeks when they used it, and over 10% used it more than 16 h/week (Dworetzky 13). This shows that teens are heavier users of the internet and all its services compared to their parents. Many computer applications, mostly computer games, have design features that shift the balance of required information processing, from verbal to visual. The much admired action games, which are spatial, iconic, and energetic, have things going on at various locations.
Executive Summary The vital improvements in companies have been the change of roles of operations managers who have become innovators of systems and continuous developers of the daily running of the systems of the company. Companies have realized that to have a competitive edge the operations systems, development of capabilities is key to their success. Increasing the reliance of their systems is solely the focus of their marketing and delivery of services and products. (Slack et al, 2010). Therefore, improvement of their information systems enhances the effectiveness of their operations thereby giving them the capacity to satisfy their customers who in turn continue to buy their products. Improving new processes of technology brings in new methods of controlling the market thus the companies are also able to manage their internal affairs and management of operations. It is in these new developments that the company is able to deeply delve into the knowledge that allows operations to adapt flexibly in reaching out effectively to their customers (Bic & Alan, 2003). Therefore, internal auditing of their running is everyday managed properly in a more advanced way by information systems. Recent management trends of information systems points out that technological change has become a vital means towards company managing resources and facilities. This is true in the sense that many companies have been forced to adapt to the new system technology to earn a position in the competitive world (Stallings, 2008). As the companies expand in various ways, they realize that they need to adapt to their growing need to become more effective in their operations. This therefore, has led to many companies introducing systems that make them practice best management methods in their production and delivery of their services (Checkland, 1999). However the increasing importance of information sys
Communication is defined as the two-way process of conveying and receiving information, ideas, knowledge, feeling or attitude from a source to a recipient using certain symbols and signs. Interpersonal communication can be defined as the process utilized in communicating feelings, ideas and thoughts to other people. Interpersonal communication is a prerequisite for effective human interactions and relationships. For this reason clearly understanding the interpersonal communication principles is essential. In “Looking Out, Looking in,” Adler and Proctor identify five communication principles. These include Communication can be intentional or unintentional, communication is irreversible, it is impossible not to communicate, communication is unrepeatable as well as communication has a content and a relational dimension. In communication can be intentional or unintentional, many scholars ascertain that communication only encompasses intentional messages, while others assert that unintentional behavior can also communicate (Adler and Russell 13). When a person plans their words carefully when presenting constructive criticism or asking a raise from their boss, this is identified as intentional communication. This is because intentional messages are conveyed. In many cases, a friend might overhear another muttering. This unintentional behavior should be classified as communication, because though the muttering person did not intend others to hear, a message was clearly passed to the person that overhears them. Essentially, people usually send nonverbal messages unintentionally. In communication is irreversible, something that has already been communicated can never be taken back. In some cases, an apology can be utilized to lessen the effect of a sent message or an explanation can clear up any confusion surrounding the message. In most cases, however, deeds done or words said are irrevocable (Adler and Russell 14). Though a judge might request the jury to disregard a last statement made by a witness, it is common knowledge to the lawyer that this definitely made a specific impression on the jury. In essence, it is impossible not to communicate. This is due to the fact that messages are sent by both unintentional and intentional behaviors. People are envisioned as transmitters that can never be shut down, because whatever they do provides information about their thoughts and feelings to others (Adler and Russell 14). The manner in which different people decode the message sent, however, might not be accurate culminating into inaccurate interpretation of the information provided. For example certain information might be branded a joke, while it was intended to be serious. In many cases, the re-creation of certain events is impossible. This is because the same behaviors and words might convey a different message every time they are used. This ascertains that communication is unrepeatable. The fact that communication encompasses an ongoing process establishes that the repetition of a certain event will never have the same effect (Adler and Russell 14). For example, a smile that