ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
People’s consciousness is very complicated and the processes it has to provide are not very understood. People are born with the definite instincts that are to breathe, to eat and to move. All other skills and abilities people receive living in the world, communicating with people, in other words being the part of the society. Some people may think that all they can do was either implemented by nature of they learned it to do in early childhood and what they need to do just to receive knowledge at schools or Universities and be learned to practice these knowledge. What about feelings? Do people always feel only because they possess this ability from the very beginning of their lives? No, people should learn to feel: to love and to hate, to be afraid and to courageous, to like somebody and to feel hostility. Considering my experience in learning to feel, it is crucial to mention that all of the feelings were cultivated in me since my childhood, when I learned to love my relative, to hate children who offended me, to be indifferent to people who pass by and so on. I have never thought that I will have to learn to love. It was strange for me that being able to love my parents and relatives I had to study how to love the person from the opposite gender. Understanding the learning love process, it is important to consider this learning experience from different aspects, such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning and cognitive-social learning. These three processes are different in nature as influence different issues, but at the same time their direction to the behavioral learning makes them common. Classical conditioning is “a process in which an organism learns to respond in a particular way to a stimulus that previously did not produce that response” (Wittig, 2000, p. 110). This means that while experiencing love my organism learned to respond, to produce that new feeling. The first try to feel love is called conditioned stimulus, while the other tries, that is situations when person falls in love for a second, third and other times are named the unconditioned stimulus. People’s consciousness is structured in such a way that once having been taught of something, it is impossible to forget it. That is like to ride the bicycle, if you was taught to ride if in childhood, even after 20 or 30 years person is able to fide it without extra trainings. The same situation is with love, once being learned to love it is impossible to forget this feeling. After having experienced love for the first time, people’s organism is ready to respond for this feeling, in this situation we deal with conditioned response and in the cases of unconditioned stimulus the unconditioned response takes place (Wittig, 2000). Operant conditioning is considered to ne the most researched technique which involves “increasing or decreasing a particular behavior by associating the behavior with a positive or negative condition” (Lidwell, Butler & Holden, 2003, p. 144). This technique has three basic concepts, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment. These three basic concepts are usually used while implementing learn
Napoleon Bonaparte is definitely one of the most famous leaders of the modern era. “Bonaparte’s prominence emerged during the last stages of the French Revolution” (Landau 67). He eventually established a new monarch in the country. Napoleon established a new hegemony across Europe. This explains why the political leader was able spread the ideas of the revolution across the continent (Hunt et al. 683). That being the case, it would be agreeable that Napoleon was both a destroyer and a child of the revolution. On one side of the coin, Napoleon was a child of the French Revolution. For instance, Napoleon promoted some of the ideas and aims of the revolution. The fathers of the revolution wanted to make the people free by destroying the “absolute monarchy” in the country. Napoleon supported the same idea by established new policies to safeguard the needs of the people. “He also monitored the exportation of grains, food substances, and bread” (Hunt et al. 685). As well, Napoleon controlled the prices of bread in order to safeguard the food needs of his people. He also created the Bank of France. The bank managed the country’s currency and economy thus promoting the country’s stability. These were the same visions held by the revolutionary predecessors. The earlier government did not support the welfare of the people. As the new leader of France, Bonaparte introduced a new system of government aimed at making the people equal. He also introduced the famous Napoleonic Code. This code made the country successful thus influencing different legal systems and jurisdictions across the globe. The leader gave the people their rights and liberties. The people of France were able to own land, property, and other assets. These were some of the major goals targeted by his predecessors (Hunt et al. 689). As well, Napoleon Bonaparte abolished “serfdom and feudalism” in the country in order to make the people free. He also reformed the country’s education system thus making it available to the people. “Napoleon centralized power in order to promote fairness and equality in the country (Landau 93)”. On the other side of the coin, it would be agreeable that Napoleon broke from the targets of his predecessors. For instance, the new leader introduced indirect taxes thus affecting the people of France. A good example was the “land tax”. The taxes made it impossible for the peasants and laborers. According to Abbott (82), “the revolutionary fathers were angered by such taxes since they affected the ordinary people”. It is agreeable that the revolutionary fathers wanted to make France a “democratic state”. The people of the country would elect good leaders and establish fair laws. Instead, Napoleon consolidated his powers and formed an “imperial monarchy” (Hunt et al. 685). This explains how he became a “destroyer” of the revolution. Napoleon’s predecessors
Introduction British Petroleum (BP), headquartered in St. James’s, City of Westminster, London, is ranked number three among the largest energy companies in the world. Founded in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the company has grown to be a multinational oil company and it is listed in the London Stock Exchange (British Petroleum, 2010, para. 1). Since it is the largest corporation in the United Kingdom, it forms part of the FTSE 100 index. In 1998, the company came out of a partnership with its American-based counterpart, Amoco, and it has now established business operations across six continents. The core activities of the company are “exploration and production are exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas; refining, marketing, supply and transportation; and manufacturing and marketing of petrochemicals” (BP, 2010, para. 1). This paper analyzes the current issues in the company’s HR department. The Human Resource Department is endowed with the task of assisting the organization it is representing in attaining its goals and meeting the needs of its workers. This department is the hub of the company acting as a liaison between all the parties concerned with the aim of improving the performance of the organization. The efforts of the HR Department are increasingly being recognized as an essential element in organizational success; therefore, a major focus of the department’s interventions is an effort to influence the behav
Rich Picture of Situation Birthday R Us is in dire need for a computerized system. There are critical areas that need a quick intervention to streamline operations. There are three major areas namely:  1. Ordering: Once a customer places an order for a party, they are obliged to take at least one catering option out of the ten available. The others (entertainment and equipment hire) are optional. However, if needed, the administrator checks availability from the diary.  2. Logistics: The Company has made certain concessions in terms logistics. These include minimum times and fixed payments for particular services. For example, entertainers can only be booked for a minimum of 2 hours while customers make fixed payments for a catering option per head.  3. Payments: The Company has several payment requirements. For example, the company receives a minimum payment of 50% on order placement. The rest is paid at most seven days after the party. Entertainers charge an hourly rate of which the company takes 20%. However, the company collects the monies. Collection of monies is one of the most critical areas of the company. Equipment is charged a flat rate regardless of the time of usage. Company affairs have been in jeopardy and the owner is intent on introducing a computerized system that handles all operations. The staff need some training and positive reinforcement to mitigate the risk of feeling left out. The system is likely to increase customer numbers and iron out grey areas in operations such wrongful application of entertainer commissions experienced currently. Functional Requirements and Non-Functional Requirements Functional Requirements The following may form the proposed list for functional requirements:  1. Invoicing: Once the party is over, the system will automatically send an invoice to the customer detailing the remaining amount to be paid in seven days. Usually, the amount will be 50% of the total since the customer will have paid a deposit of 50%.  2. Ordering: the system will prompt a customer to take at least one of the ten available catering options in order to continue with order placement. The customer has to pick one of the options in order to choose alternatives such as entertainers and equipment hires.  3. Birthdays’ reminders: the system will keep a list of clientele and their respective birthdays and will automatically remind them of the services they offer a month prior to the birthday. Non-Functional Requirements  1. A day after the party is over the system will send the relevant invoice to the client.  2. After the party is over and the client fails to pay after 7 days, as agreed, the company will wait up to the thirtieth day. On the day, the system
The debate on whether some jobs are preserved for men and others for women still rages as critics and adherents alike try to prove their points. Among them is Sophocles, the playwright, who technically pictures a variety of women’s roles. Antigone is one of his masterworks, which precisely manifests most of the Greek myths and culture. The themes brought across by Sophocles bear a close relation to the modern society. This follows from the way he strategically employs women characters to bring out the themes while delivering his play. The play features two sisters, Antigone and Ismene, who work alongside each other. Their role in the play, and hence the role of women, stand out as the two act in conjunction with another woman character, Eurydice. According to the play, women are the inferior sex as expounded next. Sophocles takes the reader through ancient Greek, a society dominated by men. Like any other society, it distinguishes its people based on gender, where women stand as weak compared to men. While the society treats men as brave and aggressive, women on the other hand stand in the ‘second hand’ category of people. Such is the picture in Sophocles’ play. Ismene, Antigone’s cute sister, concurs with the notion that women are a low-grade people. This comes out during her argument with Antigone, concerning the burial of their brother Polynices. Referring to Antigone, she says, “We must remember we are women born, unapt to cope with men; and, being ruled by mightier than ourselves, we have to hear these things and worse” (Sophocles 3). Her words picture women as substandard people. They are unable to perform some duties due to their belief that they are ordained for men. For instance, organizing burials is men’s task in most contemporary societies. Women ought to obey the authority more than their male counterparts do. As cases of disobedience stand, men appear the most affected. Women on the other hand are too obedient to defy authority. It does not matter much to them whether the laws set are good to all or they interfere with other peoples’ rights. In the play, the king has passed a decree that deprives all the disobedient people of Thebes, a right for proper burials. Polynices happens to die after having brought an illegal foreign army to Thebes. Though the law interferes with the Christian burial rites, of which Ismene is a partaker of the faith, she obeys the decree despite it being against her religious rights. She is the illustration of women who believe that it is their role to obey at all costs. Ismene tells Antigone to think of the repercussions of defying Creon’s law. Nick, addressing the reaction of Ismene says, “Ismene can be viewed as being afraid and unease to agree to an action” (26). Ismene in this case plays the role of obedient women. However, exceptions exists as Antigone picture her womanhood. Antigone depicts the role of strong women, who are capable of making informed decisions. She fits her self into the shoes of men. For instance, Fagles says, “Antigone opposes Creon’s law and buries her slain brother; because in her mind it was immoral not to” (Para. 3). She
The main conflict of literary works is often based upon the struggle between good and evil, or between virtue and injustice. At the same time, all moral constructs have to a great extent subjective nature and are understood dissimilarly in different cultures. For instance, the concept of justice has a number of interpretations, and the methodology of the present paper will incorporate the perspective of retributive justice, which implies a proportionate response to crime and the natural, fundamental equality of living beings. The present paper argues that whereas in “The Secret History” by Donna Tartt justice is executed fully at the end of the novel due to the fact that all members of the group are punished on the basis of their moral and legal deviations, whereas in “The Bacchae” by Euripides, Dionysus’s wrath results merely from his pride and vanity, so there are no objective reasons for the destruction of his family. Although Euripides’s play entitled “The Bacchae” was created more than two thousand years and the author was influenced by the contemporary ideas of divine justice, Dionysus’s actions can be barely classified as just from the modern perspective of retributive justice. However, due to the fact that he is the main character of the literary work, it is important to understand his personal reasons for the collapse and catastrophe he brings about to Thebes. First and foremost, Dionysus seeks to pay his relatives back for their failure to recognize his divine background: “ My mother sinned, said they; and in the need;/ With Cadmus plotting, cloaked her human shame/ With the dread name of Zeus; for that the flame/ From heaven consumed her, seeing she lied to God” (Euripides, ls. 35-38). This means, instead of giving Semele a credit for her explanation of her pregnancy, her parents and sisters blame her for amorality and engagement with non-marital relationships with a man; moreover, as she dies, they abuse her light memory by concluding that Semele was killed by Zeus’s thunder for making false statements. They might also have employed the story about Semele for political purposes, as Semele’s example in their interpretation serves as a perfect deterrent of the
Introduction The introduction of the European Monetary Unity (EMU) was meant to uplift the economies of member states. All the member states were expected to use a common currency as required by the rules set by the member states. Despite the idea being so good, it was coupled with shortcomings that made people see the creation of this union as a mistake. Some of the challenges that the European monetary union has faced are discussed below. Making monetary union The union was meant to distribute resources equally among the member states. These resources depended on the supply and demand that existed in a given country. There was an influx of labor from high to low unemployment regions. The result of the influx was the appearance of more unemployment of the locals, who did not have enough skills to get employed. The membership in the EMU was initially done discriminately depending on the GDP of a country and its independence of national banks. However, France avoided membership in the EMU for the fear of a power struggle with Germany. The Crises Countries with developed economies continued to widen the economic gap between them and the developing ones. The development was insignificant in the Eurozone. The interpretation of the movement of resources from developed economies to developing economies was hard: it reduced the per capital income of the developed economies This flow of capital to problem countries accelerated excessive spending by the public and private sectors who adopted excessive budgets instead of investing the capital wisely. The culture of unnecessary borrowing erupted as a result of low-interest rates charged on money borrowed by poor member states. Rich member states oppressively enjoyed the interest rates charged on the loans. The investment rates in the European member states stagnated as the economic gap between the rich and poor member states increased. For example, the German bank lent out capital to poor states at a profit. Much of the capital invested in poor states was used to develop residential constructions that added little to the economic development. Savings declined in poor
E-Waste/Recycling Basel Action Network In this modern era, going green is the main concern of companies and thus a stance for competition for the majority. However, this video highlights key issues responsible for e-waste turmoil and, ironically, there hasn’t still been any profound law in some countries forbidding the way it is recycled. Environmentalists vehemently express that quite a number of electronic goods are still made with hazardous material which during recycling could pave way to health issues partly due to them being disposed carelessly. An example of this is ‘lead’ and ‘mercury’ which are responsible for causing abnormalities while the main sufferers are children or even plastic for that matter which is causes no less trouble. Moreover, companies try to seek electronic recyclers who might not be proper recyclers and can result in endangering their surroundings. For instance, bids often result in recyclable material being taken to Asia and Africa. In China alone, some of the villages are a hub of e-waste and, therefore, proper human health is questionable. Piles of such e-waste has been polluting the air and nearby rivers, thus, making them over two thousand times more dangerous than the expected threshold level. People eventually, extract chips exposing themselves to great vulnerability and aim for extracts of gold. Similarly, in Nigeria used computers exported are mostly futile as the majority of them are not in working condition, hence, the result is e-waste recycling. On the other hand, it has an adverse effect on developed world companies in the form of confidential data not wiped out when sending computers for recycling or donating. Hard disks often include confidential emails and other important company data. E-waste recycling is a major issue because of which The Basel Treaty in Switzerland was signed in 1989 gathering quite a number of European countries. It forbade the shipment of e-waste to developing countries, thereby, taking a stand to protect them. However, Canada and USA are the only developed countries that have not made much an effort to support this cause. It is now a matter of gathering companies and consumers urging them to act responsibility and paving way for the step to go green. Where Does E-waste End Up Developing countries like India seek opportunities in e-waste recycling which happens to be the bread and butter for many. While burning chips and electronic computer cards, the fumes given off would hurt eyes and create irritation, however, with the span of time workers get accustomed to the work gaining momentum and resulting in a growing market in India. While comparing the rate, it would cost only $2 in India to recycle a computer as opposed to $20 in USA, thus, the cost effective nature of such a business is getting the country huge prospects. Greenpeace scientist, Dr. Kevin Brigdon has had the opportunity of researching on various samples collected from India and China where recycling takes place. He has thus been able to achieve astounding results which reveal health issues as horrendous as possible. Therefor
Introduction The argument towards the topic in question will be strengthened by the use of motivation theories and examples. This will be done by analysing various incentives and aspects affecting work and private life. Motivation which is a major factor underlining productivity of employees within organisations can be used to balance the concept of work and private life (Daft and Murphy). Performances usually depend on the nature of skill or training level attained by an individual within a specified duration of time. It involves subjecting employees to defined principles and intended goals based on organisation’s mission and vision statements. The goals and systems used for motivation are to conform to the organisation’s corporate policy (Dick and Ellis). Theories of motivation have been used to explain various individual actions, reactions and needs within organisation’s set-up (Scott and Davis 41-50). Main Body Topic 1: Payment as an important factor Balance between work and private life is important for healthy running of an organisation. According to Fredrick Taylor’s theory of scientific management, workers can only be motivated through payment. For efficiency purposes, employees have to be placed under close supervision since they do not naturally enjoy working. This calls for the development of process breakdown capable of defining different tasks performed by specific individuals (Jaffee 65-87). Fredrick Taylor argued that for perfection and productivity to be realized, there is need for adequately equipping employees through appropriate trainings (Sytse and Schreuder 161-191). The theory is very instrumental in the aspect of delegation and at the same time provides concepts on how organisations can maximize on employees’ potential to realize high productivity at reduced costs. Management of employees’ stress is vital in every organisation since it assists employees in managing occurrence of unexpected events at workplace. Majority of employees work out of fear of losing their current positions, and this may at times lead to distortion of personal livelihood (Frey and Osterloh). Topic 2: Social needs Healthy environment at the workplace depends on the nature of focus given to employees’ social needs according to Mayo’s theory. The theory places much emphasis on empathy, where managers and junior employees are to portray healthy relationship. There is always dire need for healthy relationships within various working environments (Fionna; Jo Hatch andCunliffe 156-274). Good relationships can be realized through teamwork and efficient communication (Yukl 284-314). Topic 3: Psychological needs Work and private life incorporate taking care of employees’ psychological needs. This is in line with Maslow’s theory that focuses on the existence of five levels of human needs which require satisfaction. Within this context, the theory argues that unless one need is fully met, there are high chances of employees becomi