ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Creating the environment that allows for efficient acquisition of academic knowledge and skills is crucial for the promotion of success among learners. Therefore, it is imperative that the school mission and vision should reflect the needs of students and set rigid standards for the quality of the learning process. The educational setting of the Washington Elementary School District can be defined by an elaborate assessment system, profound philosophy, and a focus on the needs of diverse learners, which means that its current strategy toward creating a positive environment for promoting knowledge acquisition and academic independence can be deemed as efficient. In the context of the Washington Elementary School District, the efficacy of the assessment framework is defined by the opportunities for identifying the problem areas and the availability of the information that helps shaped new and improved teaching strategies for catering to the needs of learners. For example, the existing assessment system helps determine the points at which the process of learning may have been hampered and, thus, locate the tools for managing the problem and encouraging the further development of a student. Vision and Mission Statement One must give the Washington Elementary School District credit for developing the vision and mission that promote opportunities for every child. It is admittedly difficult to build the environment in which educators will be capable of catering to the needs of every learner and take the unique characteristics thereof into account when designing teaching strategies, drafting the curriculum, etc. However, both the vision of the school and its mission statement promote the active focus on learners and their individual needs, thus, stating that equality, diversity, and the safety of learners are the key priorities of the Washington Elementary School District at present (Timm, 2014). One could argue that the current vision and mission statement lack the introduction of opportunities for self-directed and independent learning. It is paramount to promote learners’ independence so that they could engage in meta-cognitive activities and, thus, develop lifelong learning skills. The significance of academic independence can be justified by the fact that students need to control their learning experience. Hence, they can adjust certain parts thereof so that they could become more confident and train new skills not only in the context of the classroom but also outside of it. Consequently, a better understanding of the subject matter and the ability to solve practical tasks by using theoretical knowledge will be developed in students
Since the first of the Disney parks was founded in 1955 in Anaheim, California, Disneyland theme parks have often been referred to as the “happiest places on earth.” Donyamali has mentioned: One of the most significant functions of recreation is to generate an unrealistic and ideal world for social groups or individuals. The entertaining industry seizes this desire of the public, providing various products for people to escape from the physical world’s pressure. Disneyland, as one of these choices, lay in front of us, are becoming increasingly popular around the world due to their specific themes that can meet different demands of visitors. People’s interests and desires are satisfied here since theme parks collect and amplify the Utopia within each mind, creating a unique environment that used to only exist in our dreams. Disneylands are recognized worldwide for their joy-filled rides, playful atmosphere, and other amusement features. Various studies have shown that Disneyland has created multicultural amusement zones where people from diverse geographic and cultural backgrounds enjoy escapism and fairytale life. This description makes Disneyland an intermediary between cultures. Culture can be seen as shared beliefs, customs, values, behavioral patterns, and cognitive constructs among people belonging to a particular group (Banks 72). It defines the characteristics and knowledge of unique groups of people in aspects such as language, socialism, religion, cuisine, art, and more. While culture presents diverse characteristics among people of different origins, conscience plays a significant role in binding them within a larger society, allowing them to share unique experiences, beliefs, attitudes, values, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and time (Banks 73). In this context, cultural diversity is a phenomenon where people of different cultures respect each other’s beliefs, customs, and values, among other aspects. Due to the popularity of the American culture, Disneyland’s representation of American culture that spreading a positive attitude about life has a significant impact on Disneyland in Asian countries, especially in Japan. However, the popularity of American culture does not go well in every place, such as Paris Disneyland in Europe. As a result, they are equally crucial in the embracing of cultural diversity in Disneyland theme parks. Overall, Disneyland offers an en
The controversial situation of ceasing the business relationships with Don Willetts can be discussed with references to the principles of business ethics and contract law. There was no any revealed agreement to regulate the business relationships between the supplier and Don till the conversation about ceasing the relationships (O’Sullivan, Smith, & Esposito, 2012, p. 54). Initially, the relationships between the supplier and Don were not regulated, and the supplier relied only on Don’s fairness. However, Don did not follow the principles of business ethics and made the supplier wait to pay for the products. It is also important to note that Dan also violated the spiritual and moral norms because of acting in an unjust manner in relation to the supplier. While analyzing the nature of relationships between the supplier and Don from the ethical perspective, it is necessary to support the cessation of doing business with Don. Nevertheless, the main reason to stop working with Don is his violation of the contract law. Having influenced the supplier’s 17-year-old son to sign the contract, Don made the young boy sign the voidable contract, which can be easily disaffirmed while following the regulations associated with the principle of the minor’s capacity. The supplier’s 17-year-old son can choose to disaffirm the contract and rescind it in a written form as the child (Beatty & Samuelson, 2011, p. 112). As a result, the contract will be breached legally, and the supplier can defend the company from the effect of Don’s complaints. In spite of the fact that the supplier has all the rights to breach the contract while focusing on the minor’s capacity principle, it is also necessary to explain the possible effects of Don’s complaints and actions against the supplier’s company. On the one hand, Don can state that the signed contract should be discussed in the context of the covenants of good faith and fair dealing (Meiners, Ringleb, & Edwards, 2014, p. 21). On the other hand, both the parties should demonstrate fairness and loyalty and not have a conflict of interests (Beatty & Samuelson, 2011, p. 118; Charman, 2013, 18). Don’s actions can be discussed in the court, according to this principle also, and there is much evidence to state that Don was not fair and consistent in his relationships with the supplier. The next important detail to discuss in the case in order to prevent seeking remedies is the idea of fraud in relation to the contract law. From this point, Don’s actions associated with concealing the fact of signing the contract can be discussed as a fraud in the execution of a contract (Mann & Roberts, 2012, p. 48; Schwenzer, Hachem, & Kee, 2012, p. 56). The purpose of Don’s activities is to obtain more money from the supplier while concealing the points of the agreement and referring illegally to the idea of the minor’s capacity. Thus, there are many weaknesses in the execution of a contract that should be taken into consideration while discussing the conflict of interests between the supplier and Don. While deciding on the fu
Ethical and Unethical Use of Confidential Informants Law enforcement and crime prevention are highly technical tasks undertaken by policing units worldwide. The missions target identifying criminal deals and preventing them before they become criminal deeds. Lauchs (2019) notes that almost all illegal activities undertaken by gangs or terrorist groups involve lengthy planning, thus allowing confidential informants’ utilization. The “snitches” work by pretending to be part of felonious groups while secretly reporting the proceedings to police forces like the FBI (Hällgren et al., 2021). The method poses significant ethical trepidations, which affect regulatory objectives. The positive side of using confidential sneaks includes cost reduction, community collaboration, and trustworthy first-hand evidence (Fiorelli, 2020). However, issues like “snitches” using the informant’s role to create money make the method immoral (Fiorelli, 2020). Hällgren et al. (2021) say that most snitches exhibit criminal history, which they surreptitiously extend while serving as confidential spies. Therefore, the unethical concerns involving “snitches” depict the use of sneaky informers as a way of promoting crimes instead of fighting them. Advantages of Confidential Informants Confidential informants work for anti-crime agencies by getting involved in illegal schemes arranged by real criminals. The spies’ ability to acquire first-hand evidence from the apparent offenders makes the method significantly reliable for the agencies. Consequently, using “snitches” to investigate misconduct offers substantial benefits despite several concerns. For example, informers offer a cost-effective tactic for countering crimes. Bunin (2019) says that most U.S. canaries earn allowances based on the quality of the reports they deliver. Such makes the deal less costly relative to the expensive gadgets and hurts policies at times required to collect evidence. Moreover, a significant portion of the informants in the U.S. faces other charges. Such individuals’ rewards involve leniency during their case proceedings, making the method highly affordable. Drawbacks of Using Confidential Informants Using undercover spies often promotes injustice and crimes instead of curbing them. Many betrayers in the U.S. do not act honestly and thus compromise the justice system significantly. Corruption among officers and racism issues also play a role in jeopardizing the search for justice through secret stool pigeons (Hällgren et al., 2021). The case of Randell Adams provides substantial evidence concerning the drawbacks of confidential informants. He almost faced execution i
Smoking is one of the most common negative habits that people indulge in. Many health experts have warned that smoking is unhealthy and dangerous to the human health. This essay will discuss the negative effects of smoking on human beings. Smoking cigarette is addictive that is why many smokers have difficulties in giving up the habit. Cigarettes are produced of tobacco with a large percent of other additives, which account for the largest number of preventable deaths in the world. People who smoke commonly face different health problems, which are caused by tobacco consumption. Therefore, smoking has negative health consequences for smokers and people who live with them and become passive smokers as a result. The WHO and other health organisations have sensitised people on the dangers of smoking. There are many health conditions which smokers are likely to suffer from (Pampel 61). Their bodies absorb harmful toxins which cigarettes contain which are dangerous to their health. Smoking is a major health risk which results in heart attacks, strokes, bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases. The accumulation of tobacco and other toxins in the respiratory tract of a smoker makes a person suffer from respiratory health conditions. Smokers, therefore, are likely to incur huge medical bills when they seek for treatment for these diseases. Many governments spend a lot of money on treating smoking related diseases, which increases the cost of healthcare. Pampel argues that smokers can succumb to such illnesses unless they stop smoking (64). Tobacco consumption causes dental problems which are difficult to reverse. Smokers are likely to have bad breath, stained teeth and smelly gums. Toxic elements, which cigarettes contain, for instance, tar, have dangerous impacts on human health. These substances cause smokers to have poor dents and even lose their teeth (Peate 362). Smokers are likely to suffer emotionally and psychologically because poor health and unattractive appearance, caused, for example, by stained or broken teeth, make a person lose his/her own self-esteem. Smokers are likely to be shunned by people close to them because of fetid breath, bad body odour and poor outward appearance. Therefore, people need to be made aware of dental and other health problems they are likely to experience as a result of smoking. Tobacco consumption causes a lot of deaths in developing countries. These countries have weak laws which do not effectively regulate cigarette selling and consumption. Advertisement implicit messages encourage the young to become smokers. Tobacco advertising in many developed countries has been prohibited. However, some third world countries still allow tobacco advertising, which encourages more people to acquire this bad habit. The images of sophistication, bravery and glamour which are carried by tobacco adverts easily persuade the young to become smokers. Peate reveals that tobacco companies target adolescents and women to increase their sales (363). These people are easily influenced by what they see in the media. People who b
Facts The Supreme Court case, Garrity v. New Jersey recognized rigid standards for law enforcement officers concerning explanations that were given to their managers. Garitty principle applies to an officer who gives an implicating articulation out of fear that he or she may lose their source of income. It is the duty of the investigating officer to advise the subject that constrained responses would not be admissible in future hearings by a jurist. Consequently, the subject’s responses would not be an exhibit in criminal proceedings. This principle protects subjects against inflammatory remarks during the investigation. However, their responses can be utilized for regulators or administrative reviews. In contrast, if the subject declines to consent or give a confession, the law stipulates penalties. In accordance with Garrity principle, the prosecutor must assure the subject that case reviews and cross-examinations must relate to the officer’s duty and obligations. It is important to note that the officer cannot be exposed to criminal charges when they provide false proclamations (Diagle, 2005). Decision It was decided that if such an episode were presented before the courts, the cross-examination and the response would be considered as pressured if the officer were given a chance to apply their Fifth Amendment rights. The decisions originated from the conclusion that it was illogical to put an enforcement officer in a situation to self-implicate or risk their integrity and occupation for conjuring the Fifth Amendment. The Garrity interpretation states that a representative can be given a request to coordinate in an inner examination and be constrained to sincerely respond to allegations concerning their superiors (McGuinness, 2013). However, responses from such investigation would remain docile in future hearings. Alternative Solution Based on the facts available, the decision by the jurist is appropriate. However, such decisions could create doubts and cause confusion in employees who are pressured over an obstruction from work laws. Based on this subm
Introduction In the era of the modern technology and fast development of the world, the implementation and the modernization of the updated and effective software programs has become of crucial importance. It is a universal truth that nowadays the activities of all the major social institutions, business and governmental organizations are dependant upon their computer support, and without the constant modernization of the latter it would become impossible for these organizations and companies to catch up with the progress of today. Therefore, the development of the newest and the most updated software becomes one of the major tasks of the Informational Technology (IT) workers. Having numerous models and system for such a development, the bulk of IT specialists agree that the spiral model is currently the most effective way of software development. Background It is not surprising, accordingly, that the history of the computerized society knows several models of software development, each of them having its positive sides and drawbacks. All of these models are characterized by the joint main aim: “The primary functions of a software process model are to determine the order of the stages involved in software development and evolution and to establish the transition criteria for progressing from one stage to the next” (Boehm, 1988, p. 61). The variety of software development models includes code-and-fix, stage-wise, waterfall, evolutionary development and transform models. Having minor differences, th
Philosophy can be defined as a complete understanding of a human way of life. Philosophy, therefore, gives an analysis of human nature as well as the nature of reality of human beings in their lives. Philosophy addresses the fundamental issues of life and normally these issues are basic and pervasive which helps in the determination of the course of life an individual takes as well as the way an individual treats other people in the society (Chisholm, 16). Basically, Philosophy is concerned with the rational explanation of reasonable inferences that concerns human values as well as the establishment of claims which are related to human knowledge and making interpretations of the nature of reality (Watts,12). The field of philosophy is quite different from other fields in its methods as well as the nature through which various subject matters are handled. Philosophy is believed to pursue questions that are related to various dimensions which concern the nature of human life. Many researchers tend to describe philosophy as a branch that concerns the fundamental truth as well as the principles of conduct. Studies by Watt (29), show that philosophy seeks to establish standards of confirmation of rational methods which consequently deals with the methods of solving conflicts to create techniques that can be used in the evaluation of ideas and arguments. Philosophy helps individuals to view the world from their own perspective in terms of their own cultures. In addition, philosophy enhances the ability of an individual to perceive some relationships among the numerous fields of study by deepening one’s sense of meaning and identification of the various varieties of human experience (Watts, 40). The major subfields of philosophy commonly consist of logic which can be seen to be a sub-branch of philosophy that is concerned with the provision of sound methods that can use to differentiate between what is right and what is wrong. It is therefore seen as an aid which well provides premises that can be used to evaluate decisions that support our conclusions. It helps an individual to find arguments in a situation where there are set loose statements as well as discovering assumptions that an individual didn’t know while making the claims (Chisholm, 26). The other sub-field is ethics which is concerned with the moral concepts of what actions can be termed as wrong or right. It is an area that is concerned with the formulation of principles concerned with the making of moral decisions. The other field of Philosophy is Metaphysics which actually seeks to determine a criterion that can be used while sorting out things in a real-life situation. It deals with matters of spiritual as well as m
During the 1920’s America thrived. The emergence of new technologies and innovations provoked the economic growth that caused many changes in society. The most remarkable innovation was electricity that made the mass production available. The productivity increased accordingly, and because of that, the changes in the work management were required. For making the working process more efficient, the supervision became more strict and controlling. Nevertheless, the management tightening didn’t have only bad implications for the workers. With the increase in working efficiency, the wages also became higher, and the leisure hours expanded (Boydston et al. 693). The rapid urbanization and the establishment of large corporations induced a decline in agriculture. Most of the farmers couldn’t stay competitive on the market because they couldn’t afford the new technologies. Most of the countryside residents moved to the cities in search of profit. Along with the decrease in the rural population, the urban population experienced growth. The officials of the mass production organizations encouraged consumerism. The demand increased not only in the consumption of products but also in services and entertainment. The advertisement had a great impact on the products’ promotion, and the credit buying made the desired things more affordable. The period of the 1920s is also marked by multiple cultural innovations. With the development of new technologies, the movie industry began to attract attention. The movies were the most popular type of entertainment, the number of movie studios expanded. American citizens also relished listening to music, and especially jazz. The new technologies also influenced the music industry positively, and radio made it widespread. The cultural changes provoked the emergence of new concepts and the shifts in public views and opinions. The attitude towards sex was changed; the boundaries of feminine and masculine began to become more loosened. Even though women still faced discrimination, and “most people continued to believe that a woman’s place was in the home,” the movement for emancipation started to gather momentum (Boydston et al. 691). The feminist movement relatively equaled men and women in society. The value of individuality was emphasized. Nevertheless, many people regarded the new culture as an “unwelcome abandonment of old values” (Boydston et al. 700). Since most of the American citizens couldn’t afford the products of mass production that were widely promoted at that time, the division of the society into working and business classes took place. The artists and