ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Author’s arguments In his article, Be What You Are Not , Carr (2004) presents his arguments in support of the need of flexibility among IT companies. According to him, the world of IT is rapidly changing and managers, investors, and entrepreneurs need not be rigid but to change as the IT changes. Carr continues to point out that many companies continue to use the internet by applying business strategies that are traditional where they just want to sustain their market advantage. Many businesses continue to take a defensive position in the market in relation to the use of IT rather than to adjust as technology changes. If a certain company pioneers in the use of on-line services for its products and at first attracts many customers, management of such company thinks it will continue enjoying the same advantage for long and therefore, they put mechanisms to protect this. However, according to Carr, this amount to building castles in the air, which cannot work. Within a very short, all the rival companies would have adopted the same technology in their services and within no time, they will have advanced the same technology thus leaving the company that came up with the idea lagging behind in the market. As the author argues, in the world of IT, there is nothing like sustainable advantage to the first mover in a certain technology. Every technique is easily replicated and investors will always run where there is large profit. The author gives several examples of online companies such as Yahoo and American Online that have managed to sustain the advantage of first mover in the IT market, but according to him, those are exceptional cases. Indeed, those companies have also constantly adopted change to sustain their advantage in the market. Critical review The field of IT is changing so fast and only entrepreneurs, managers, and investors who keep pace with these changes can reap the resultant benefits. As Wang (2010) puts it, every organization is in a race chasing the newest technology (p.63). I agree with Carr argument that, there is nothing like sustainable advantage for the first mover in the field of IT and companies must be always ready to be what they are not. Many companies in the recent past have lost their market share for failing to keep in pace with IT development. Though at the beginning they were making huge profit by being the first mover in a certain technology, within a short span, their secrets are replicated by rival companies, and after sometime, they find themselves lagging in the market rather than leading. A good example of these companies is CDNow that was the first mover in selling CD over the internet. It made huge sales at the beginning and everybody thought it would continue reaping the same profits. However, after a short period, Amazon came up with a technique to sell music on-line rather than the CD. Amazon also came up with other services such as online bookselling that strengthened its position in
Introduction One of the main challenges in the urban regions, mostly for needy persons, is accommodation. Average houses may not be affordable to those without decent income, making a significant number of people resort to living in slums and other sub-standard residences. The issue is escalated when average rent prices are tremendously raised, which causes an additional problem to underprivileged individuals. As a result, most of them find themselves overwhelmed by the high rental fees, thus making their lives even more unbearable. Causes and Impacts of Increased House Prices There are many effects that urban extension causes to the housing sector. Firstly, the rent increase in the urban areas occurs due to the high demand for accommodation, a factor credited to the increase in population. Secondly, due to the restricted spaces for housing projects, the cost of constructing these houses has increased significantly. To make a profit, these proprietors have to charge more than they bought the property for, making it more expensive to the ordinary person. Furthermore, the construction expenses incurred for these new buildings is passed on to long-term inhabitants of the community through levies. As a result, fewer resources are available for the maintenance of public services in older neighborhoods, thus allowing municipalities to increase taxes for compensation. Thirdly, price increases of essential supplies have significantly contributed to the high rental costs. Therefore, these increases will continuously lead to high house rents unless the relevant institutions intervene. Moreover, a more significant percentage of people in many societies consist of the poor. Therefore, because of the interaction between the less fortunate and the few wealthy individuals in these communities, the high rents tend to affect the whole population (Cunningham and Cunningham 106). Furthermore, a large percentage of the community cannot pay for the high housing taxes causing them to become even more financially unstable. Therefore, the overall skyrocketing charges make it hard for the average person to fulfill their shelter demands, which may force many to turn to illegal activities such as crime to survive. Ethically it is erroneous to impose something on individuals who do not have many resources since it is difficult for them to survive in the mainstream. The idea of impartiality and fairness will be ignored if such happenings are done without considering these people and the issues affecting them. If there is a constraint on the building, then suitable housing units should be provided exclusively to disadvantaged individuals so that the urban center can be affordable to them as well. Urban Renewal and Its Impacts Urban renewal focuses on redeveloping spaces in a metropolitan, which falls under the class of urban deterioration. The regeneration is intended to take control of unused spaces or p
Introduction Interpersonal relationships are normally evidenced between two or more individuals and may be based on (among other factors) love and solidarity (Berscheid, 1983, p. 1). These bases of interpersonal relationships normally vary but basically, they are centered on social, cultural, family or kinship relationships (in addition to other forms of social relations). This fact is affirmed by Jeannette (2010) who states that: “Interpersonal communication is derived from the close relationships we have in our life of our choosing. Yet, we have interface with people on many levels in our life, ranging from personal to professional. Interpersonal relationships constantly change and shift and can derive from formal settings. Relationships can vary from friendships, family members, lovers, acquaintances, professionals and even adversaries. Life welcomes and encompasses most relationships in each of these categories” (p. 12). It is important to note that interpersonal relationships command some level of interdependence but there are often incidences where people in interpersonal relationships influence each other in thought, actions, activities and feelings (Fincham, 2010, p. 4). The level of interdependence among partners in interpersonal relationships allows for the influx of opinions, thoughts and feelings but the success and longevity of interpersonal relationships basically thrives on communication as a basic component, determining the thriving of interpersonal relationships. Dr. Ramesh Rao, a sociology researcher, explains that “We thrive when we communicate well, and we starve ourselves of companionship, camaraderie and community when we fail to communicate effectively” (Rao, 2010, p. 1). When communication lacks, people tend to live in worlds completely and needlessly alienated from each other, and in extreme cases, miscommunication may lead to excessive boredom and even the eventual breakup of two individuals. Those who decide to live with communication problems are normally subjected to a lot of despair, agony and frustration. However, the positive thing regarding the controversy surrounding miscommunication in interpersonal relationships is that it need not be that way. In other words, there are a number of ways and strategies through which if properly applied can avoid instances of miscommunication. From this basis of understanding, this study will explore the barriers to effective communication as the background research to understanding how to avoid miscommunication in interpersonal relationships. Secondly this study will explain the principles and misconceptions in effective interpersonal communications, which consequently causes miscommunication in interpersonal relationships. Lastly this study will identify how people in interpersonal relationships can assess their personal communication strategies to improve their communication competencies. Comprehensively, these elements when applied sequentially will eventually lead to the avoidan
Introduction Over the last century, the society has rapidly grown in information creation and sharing with information technology taking the world to the information age. The growth in information sharing has led to the development of one of the most powerful and fastest growing industries in the world with devices such as cell phones, tablets, and pagers entering the market. These industries have greatly diversified the way people convey and receive information with the speed of doing this task increasing over the years. The expression of information in the text form has proved to be less appealing to people over the centuries. Fewer people have the interest to read texts (Wurman, 1997, p. 5). With the significantly large amounts of information that the current generation is being bombarded with, it has become important to present the information as clearly as possible in the fastest way possible. The use of plain text in the presentation of information has several disadvantages over the presentation of the same information using Infographics. To begin with, the visual appearance of plain text does not encourage the reader to continue reading while infographics draw the reader into the intended message. As Wildbur and Burke reveal, “a picture is worth a thousand words’, and it is proven that people are able to remember messages that are presented in picture form” (1998, p. 12). For the presentation of new and crucial information, the traditional use of graphs and test is not enough to enable the reader to remember the information (Tufte, 1990, p. 23). However, the development of infographics has led to ease in the presentation of this form of information as evidenced by Fukushi (2009, p. 11). The ability of a reader or a person for which information is intended to remember is important in the present world, as the number of messages received in a single day is many. To enhance the memory for readers and other people targeted for information, the use of graphics has been utilised in literature with significant success (Tufte, 1997, p. 24). The use of infographics in data presentation is not new. Many authors find it easy to convey information by using the method. One would wish to know what infographics is and what it entails. As the name suggests, information graphics is derived from ‘information’ and ‘graphics’. This essay discusses information graphics, its origin, development, styles, and elements. Information graphics Over the last two centuries, information graphics has changed from the original forms of lithographic posters to the current trends (Fukushi, 2009, p. 13). It is now common to experience advanced forms of information graphic in everyday life. The rate at which it is changing is commendable. Some of the sites where information graphics are encountered include newspapers and magazines with televisions and computers taking it to a higher level. In the use of graphics, there a
Introduction One of the factors that contributed to Woody Allen’s 1977 film Annie Hall attaining cult status is the fact that in it, director succeeded in providing viewers with an analytical insight on what accounts for the actual subtleties of a sexual relationship between men and women through the lenses of distinctively Jewish humor. According to Whitfield (1986), the notion of Jewish humor is being essentially synonymous to the notion of ‘black humor’ – that is, many Jewish-American comedians make a deliberate point in ridiculing traditionally ‘sanctified’ notions, such as love: “[Critics] have tried hard, stressing the proximity of Jewish humor to the suffering that is an ineluctable feature of this ancient people’s history” (Whitfield 245). Therefore, the popularity of Annie Hall does not come as a particular surprise – apparently, in this film, Allen was able to present viewers with intellectually honest perspective onto purely technical/physiological characteristics of a sexual relationship between representatives of opposite genders. In our paper, we will aim to explore the validity of this thesis by analyzing Allen’s treatment of physiological aspects of a sexual relationship and by emphasizing director’s tendency to refer to them from essentially qualitative perspective. Analytical part While watching Annie Hall , attentive viewers will be able to notice that, throughout movie’s entirety, the character of Alvy never cease trying to expose the primacy of people’s animalistic instincts over their often skin-deep layer of civilizational sophistication. For example, in the scene where Alvy and Annie get to be invited to the party of left-wing intellectuals and consequently to have a conversation in hotel’s room, Alvy deliberately ridicules these people’s artificial pretentiousness, while implying that having sex is so much more productive type of activity then being exposed their friends’ blabbering about nothing: “All of those PhD’s are in there discussing modes of alienation, and we’ll be in here quietly humping” (00.21.28). Nevertheless, even though Alvy’s existential mode appears to be firmly based upon his strongly defined sexuality, there is a fundamental difference between how he and Annie perceive the significance of sex. Whereas; Alvy’s sexual urges can be compared to a skin-rash, which goes away after being scratched, Annie’s sexuality appears to be an integral part of her identity – as film’s context implies, Annie is being always sexual and not just being sexual from time to time, as it is the case with Alvy. The validity of this statement can be observed in the scene where Alvy and Annie are taking a leisurely stroll down the street in New York. During the course of this walk, Alvy addresses Annie’s sexuality as fol
Abstract Genetically modified foods are a main concern these days as varieties of foods now produced are genetically modified. An important example in this case is soybean, which is only available in its genetically modified form. Thereby it is important to realize if these genetically modified foods are substantially equivalent to natural and conventional foods. This paper will highlight two aspects in relation to substantial equivalence of GM foods and natural conventional foods. One lobby has proved that GM foods are safe while other lobby argued with evidence that GM foods are unsafe and are not substantially equivalent. Substantial Equivalence Introduction Concept of substantial equivalence was developed by OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 1991. Main principle of this concept is that genetically modified foods should be considered safe and reliable as conventional foods if the nutritional quality and compositions of GM foods are same as conventional foods. The idea of substantial equivalence is crucial if regulatory perspective is taken into consideration. It has been argued that if novel foods have same nutritional quality as conventional foods than GM foods can be regulated in the same way as conventional foods (Flachowsky, and Aulrich 2). Issues in GM Foods Approval There has been a debate on genetically modified foods being equivalent to conventional foods. Thereby Food And Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) in 1990s, in order to speed up the approval of genetically modified foods, approved the concept of substantial equivalence. It has been realized that lots of stringent testing is involved in GM foods testing thereby GMO companies have avoid carrying out these tests since many years in order to avoid the debate on substantial equivalence (Goldstein and Goldstein 67). Moreover, genetic profiling of genetically modified foods is important in order to assure any absence of newly introduced food allergens or toxins. Latest concept added asserts that substantial equivalence is a part of safety assessment and safety evaluation of foods as genetically modified foods can be compared with conventional foods for any differences in nutritional quality and characteristics. Thereby these comparisons are important is highlighting any differences between genetically modified foods and conv
Introduction Perhaps war is one of the most controversial issues. The main thing about war is who and how should define whether war is fair and the reasons for starting it are really serious. This is actually what the Just War theory is about. It is a doctrine, which states that all conflicts should fit some religious, ethic and political criteria. Main text The Just War theory has the direct roots in religion and Christianity particularly. First, this theory is regarded to be a Catholic teaching proposed by the Catholic bishops of the United States. Second, the Christianity roots can be traced in the ideas of Thomas Aquinas and Augustine of Hippo. They also suggested that war should be just and waged according to the certain rules. These days their ideas are still urgent and are the subject of the various debates. Basically, there are two main points of view that the Just War theory is reviewed: jus ad bellum and jus in bello. The first one states when it is right to use the military force. The second one tells when it is acceptable to resort to the use of the military force. The core aspect of jus ad bellum is a just case. Just case means that the reason for waging war has to be just. Force can be used only in case of an extremely serious threat to the society. Jus ad bellum also tells that the military force can be used when all the other measures were used and there are no peaceful options of settling the conflict. Force should also be used if the benefits of the war will be proportional to the possible harm and evils. Jus in bello concept says that the destruction and harm of the military force should be minimal. It is wrong to attack civilian objects and kill civilians. The principle of the proportionality of good and evil while using the force is also a distinctive feature of jus in bello. Now, let us consider the two wars (Iraq and Afghanistan) that the United States is currently involved in. From the Just War theory it seems that these wars are not right. For instance, the principle of proportionality is violated. The benefits of the wars are minimal, but the harms and evils are really significant. Perhaps it sounds disappointing, but the United States did not achieve its main goals in these wars. The USA wanted to promote democracy, but instead of it Iraq and Afghanistan suffer from the abuses of the human rights. This can be perfectly illustrated by the cases of Abu Ghraib and the rape and murder of the 14 years old Iraqi girl. These countries also suffer the humanitarian crisis, numerous deaths of the civilians and thousands of refugees who had to l
The five major reasons why an organization would choose to implement DirectAccess on their network server include no user input, “always-on” nature, increased security, reduced support costs, and deployability in existing infrastructure. The first reason refers to the fact that no user authentication is needed for DirectAccess because clients must be joined to the domain. The second reason is due to the tool’s seamless and transparent presence because the connections are established not by the user but by the machine. In other words, one does not need to launch a separate software in order to turn on DirectAccess. The third reason is manifested in the notion of DirectAccess being inherently more secure than traditional VPN tools. It utilizes multifactor authentication, connections are bidirectional, uses Public Key Infrastructure or PKI, and is attached to the domain. The fourth reason is that no additional support costs are needed in terms of hardware or software. The fifth reason is that it can be readily used on the existing infrastructure. The two most common reasons are user experience and low costs. The lack of additional hassle of authorization, software launch, and constant problems with firewalls make DirectAccess significantly more compelling in terms of the user-friendly experience offered by the service. In addition, organizations do not want to invest heavily into additional software and sometimes even hardware in order to accommodate a new security tool when DirectAccess is available. The logical replacement for DirectAccess is Always On VPN, which is being promoted as an alternative for the former. It is important to note that any form of “always-on” VPN, which is user friendly and does not incur additional costs, can be considered a viable option.
Concept Statement for ABMS Al Bayt Maintenance Services (ABMS) is a start-up organization that starts to operate in the United Arab Emirates, Dubai, in particular. This company enters the facilities management industry, which determines its current direction. ABMS provides residential maintenance services and is focused on building structure, plumbing, and electricity. The company also deals with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, including all peculiarities of such work. Except for that, the workers are always ready to provide a consultation. They can help to select appropriate materials or purchase everything needed themselves. ABMS creates a plan and reconsiders it with the customer to confirm it and spring into action. A strong network of professional staff is ready to provide the clients who are willing to move into new apartments, villas, and other residential buildings with high-quality services. The targeted market of ABMS mainly includes expatriates because they tend to be the population that requires such services more than others. Such a tendency can be explained by the fact that Dubai and the whole United Arab Emirates are constantly developing. The country enhances its performance in various spheres, becoming the leader in the world’s market. Thus, organizations require more efficient employees who come to Dubai and start leaving there. Except for that, people believe this city to be full of working and entertaining opportunities, which makes them move. Thus, ABMS is willing to cooperate with expatriates who came to Dubai, want to stay there for a long period, and can afford such services to prepare their residential buildings for a living. Services provided by ABMS have a range of benefits compared to the offerings of the competitors. First of all, it should be mentioned that the company is working with the most experienced and efficient person who can cope with the most difficult tasks and turn customers’ wishes into reality. Professional suppliers make sure that all materials used for residential maintenance services are of high-quality. They constantly update the list of available products so that the organization can ensure on-time delivery and completion of work within the contract period. ABMS is a new company that refers to best practices in the sphere. Thus, it has a fresh view of the operations and ensures innovativeness and creativity that can hardly be maintained on the same level by old organizations. It is beneficial that all services are provided by one organization, and there is no need to address different people. Finally, it should be mentioned that customers’ property is safeguarded. All services provided by the compa