ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Performing an ultrasound of the gall bladder only Patient preparation The examiner introduces himself to the patient. The relevant clinical information regarding the patient should be confirmed. The examination area should be checked (Bisset, 2002). The examiner explains to the patient how the procedure will be performed and how much time is necessary to finish the examination. Verbal consent is obtained from the patient. The patient should be dressed appropriately for the procedure and feel entirely comfortable ( Ultrasound of the gallbladder 2012). A brief medical history is taken, and the following details are obtained: if the pain is present, its location and duration are verified; the presence of any nausea or vomiting should be noted; any history of the abdominal disease or abdominal surgery is discussed; any current medications are discussed; any recent tests or imaging procedures are clarified with the patient (Block 2004; Ultrasound of the gallbladder 2012). It should be ensured that the patient is nil per os (NPO) before the procedure. The patient has explained the technique of breathing during the ultrasound scanning. The patient is asked to lie face up on the examination bed. The patient should feel comfortable, and if necessary, his or her position should be adjusted with the help of pillows or foam wedges ( Ultrasound of the gallbladder 2012). Equipment The ultrasound machine, gel warmers, power beds should be prepared in advance to start the examination. The work of the computer system, sonographer’s worksheet, and the printer should be checked. The bed should be prepared (linen, cloths, towels). The next stage is to select the transducer’s frequency and perform the survey. It is essential to choose the right subcostal or the right intercostal positions for the survey. While surveying the gallbladder area, it is necessary to identify the anatomical landmarks. The healthy gallbladder is oval and echo-free. It is located on the in
The young generation usually forms a group or network based on their interests. It is a normal thing for every society that young people are gathered together for a certain purpose. However, some organizations and groups are involved in criminal activities that are against the law and are being a threat to society. ‘Gang’ is the word which is used in order to describe such an organized group of, usually young, people with certain purpose and values. The formation of gangs is a very complex process, which can be viewed and discussed from various points of view. From an anthropological perspective, gang formation usually happens spontaneously and is integrated into society via a conflict. Conflict is the key factor, which constitutes the formation of gangs. Fighting against other gangs and the world gives the excitement and thrilling experience that the ordinary social establishment is unable to provide (Fleisher, 2018). The sociocultural side of gang formation is mainly related to the poor conditions of the gang member. The isolation from the rest of the world due to economic limitations and drug use pushes the groups and organizations to create their own cultural practices that would give them identity and status within society. Psychological perspective to the formation of gangs includes the reasons why the young generation are willing to become a member of the group. The main reason for becoming a member of a gang is that youth think that gangs can provide them with things they believe are not able to get from the ordinary social establishment. Mostly the reasons are financial benefits of gangs via illegal activities, drugs, and alcohol, which is forbidden. Also, gangs are able to guarantee protection to their members in a way the police are unable or not willing to provide.
One of the most notable aspects of the book Eros and Civilization by Herbert Marcuse, is that it fuses together the conceptual conventions of Freudian psychoanalysis, the existentialist ideas of Martin Heidegger and the author’s own insights, as to what should be considered the legitimate subject of a philosophical inquiry. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-stated at length. The main idea that is being promoted throughout the entirety of Chapter 5 ( Philosophical Interlude ) in Eros and Civilization , can be outlined as follows: At the current point of its historical development, Western civilization is being associated with the generation of a ‘surplus repression’, as the mean of ensuring its structural integrity. In its turn, this is the direct consequence of the fact that, in order for this civilization to remain on the path of progress, in the linear sense of this word, it may never cease seeking the additional ways to ‘channel’ the ‘instinct of death’ (Tanatos), on the part of its affiliates, into the socially-appropriate sublimative forms. Consequently, this results in more and more Westerners finding it increasingly harder to be able to achieve the state of a self-actualization: “An innermost tendency in the organism militates against the principle (Logos) which has governed civilization and insists on return from alienation” (Marcuse 109). The author explains this situation by the fact that, ever since the time of Greco-Roman antiquity, Western philosophical thought continues to be preoccupied with drawing a line between one’s sensual realm (Eros), on one hand, and the concerned person’s ability to operate with the utterly abstract categories of philosophy and logic (Logos), on the other. Traditionally, the latter has been considered representative of humanity’s ‘metaphysical’ (true) calling, whereas, the realm of sensuality is being commonly deemed attributive of people’s physiological essence as ‘hairless apes’ and therefore – ‘shameful’. Yet, while facing life-challenges, people do it in the matter prescribed to them by the most fundamental laws of nature. That is, when in the process of trying to explore their existential potential to its fullest, people remain primarily preoccupied with seeking to experience as many sensual pleasures, as possible – even when such their preoccupation appears to aim at suppressing/eliminating pain. This, of course, creates an irreconcilable dichotomy between the workings of one’s ‘super-ego’, on one hand, and the unconscious anxieties of the person’s ‘id’ – hence, establishing the objective prerequisites for more and more Westerners to experience the sensation of an existential alienation. As Marcuse pointed out: “The idea of reason becomes increasingly antagonistic to those faculties and attitudes which are receptive rather than productive, which t
Introduction Have you ever heard of an economy powered and consumed by the affluent? In “ San Diego reader: how the rich steal from schools’’, availed on Wednesday, August 11 2010 , Don Bauder gives readers a foretaste of the plutocracy in the San Diego administration (Bauder). Plutocracy Bauder’s exit from the union-tribune on 27-03- 2008 was well received by the city council affiliates. He had lashed out at the San Diego administration, branding it a plutocracy administration since the affluent minority control significant proportions of resources. He says an economist at New York’s Citigroup initiated the statement plutocracy in 2005 (Bauder). Abuse of redevelopment funds He says the poor and persons at the middle-level were to benefit from the redevelopment resources. It was to create reasonably priced housing and eliminate affliction. San Diego administration instead diverted the strategies and built corporate interests scheme. This benefited the affluent who were involved in the venture; they include the prosperous, developers, and builders (Bauder). Charger stadium Bauder sees no essence of the San Diego government, paying a consulting firm to analyze the prospect of a charger stadium. Political apparatus eventually helps the rich in stealing from the young ones. Tax augmentation gap is to be increased; the spur is to permit the distorted city to support a charger stadium (Bauder) financially. Conclusion Bauder believes San Diego is an archetype with a plutocracy administration. The economist concluded that major producing countries such as the UK, Canada, Austrailia, and the US, were to enjoy sturdy economic augmentation than other emergent countries (Purpel 25). The citigroup economist prediction of the rich increasing their stature in the society was realized between 2001 and 2007. Reaction The information provided by Bauder illuminates the need to comprehend how affluent persons in society distort the manner in which operations are conducted. Their influence transcends different sectors, such as the economy, erudition, and societal factors. It is imperative to come up with measures that would ultimately initiate regulatory measures. This prevents affluent people from unduly interfering with societal processes, especially education (Bauder). His exit from the administration further illuminates the rot in the society that ultimately contributed to the dire state of education affairs. It is familiar information that persons, who significantly experience the dire
Different types of survey research help to collect data of a higher quality depending on the specifics of a particular study. In such a way, the differences in the research study, as well as formulating a research question affect the degree to which group, mailed, face-to-face, telephone, and web research can have certain advantages over the other types of research and questionnaires, especially in the field of criminology. In such a way, group research is more effective in the context of criminological research, when it is possible to gain more information from a group of people than by questioning each particular individual (Forza 155). The possible research question, in such a case, can relate to the events that a group of people witnessed a while ago. The advantage of using the method of group research is that it is more effective for accessing collective memories, and by sharing associations and details about the events, a group of people will be able to remember more. Mailed research differs from some of the other types of surveys in a way that it does not require any physical contact (Cobanoglu, Warde, and Moreo 442). Thus, in the context of criminological research, it can be used for confirming some information or obtaining a more detailed perspective. The research question in the case of mailed research would rather concern studying the environment of a particular area in terms of its safety or crime rates. The advantage of such research relies on the fact that since it does not require individual conversations with each of the interviewees, more people could take a survey. Unlike web research, the form of mailed research allows focusing on a specific area. Face-to-face research can be used in the studies that require precise data from a specific individual. For example, it can concern details of a particular event witnessed by that individual. The advantage over the other types of research is that it allows the researchers to eliminate some of the external influences. Unlike in a group research, the individual would not impose the narrative of the other group member on his or her own experiences. Whereas some types of research that do not require the physical presence of an interviewee do not take account of an emotional component, telephone research enables combining fast obtaining of information with the consideration for emotional reactions (De Leeuw 118). It is used, when a survey needs to be conducted quickly, but it is also important to know how the interviews themselves evaluate the information they provide. The possible research question may concern asking an individual or a group of people that has already been interviewed on the updates of information. Unlike other types of survey, it allows tracking an interviewee’s emotional responses by listening to voice and intonations but does not require as much time as face-to-face research (Singer, Van Hoewyk, and Maher 172). Web research is used when a large amount of research information needs to be collected (P
Introduction The demand for regulation reforms on U.S transportation arose from the year 1998 to 2008 (Edrich 2009). This is due to the rapid growth in public transportation. The demand for public transportation is still growing and to assist ridership in this industry the federal government established the Federal Transit Administration within the Department of Transportation (DOT) (Nadeau 1938). The state also signed in the safe, accountable, flexible, efficient, transportation, equity act: a legacy for users act to regulate and address transportation issues. Some of the transportation issues include the trends in ridership from past to present years and the future possible means of transportation (Edrich 2009). Secondly, the bodies address the challenges facing transportation and look into possible response to this challenges. Lastly, the bodies look into the various agencies and their capability to meet transportation needs. SAFETEA-LU legislation act The SAFETEA-LU program grant by the federal state represents one of the largest transportation investments in the U.S (Wise 2009). The program was developed to regulate highway funding and look into highway safety and public transportation. The SAFETEA builds on investing in transportation channels such as roads and maintaining the infrastructure. Road Alligator Removal and Control Act (RARCA) and for State-aid for RARCA is responsible for the transportation system in U.S today; it seeks to improve transportation safety by ensuring the transportation networks are well maintained. The program also embarks on reducing congestion by expanding transportation routes and building more infrastructures (Federal highway commission 2005). It also works to improve freight movement and ensure cargo flows smoothly between interstates. It strengthens the network connectivity and protects the environment against pollution. The road alligator removal and control act (RARCA) can be incorporated and implemented by the SAFETEA-LU program because it is a strong unit in charge of highway safety rules and safety improvement program (Wise 2009). If the road allig
The San people are a foraging group located in Africa. The culture of the San people is said to be mainly based on gender based working and unity at work. Women have the duty of cooking food and taking care of the children while it is the duty of the men to hunt for food and provide other useful items such as making farm tools (Haviland and Haviland, 2008). The San people are hard working people who relish togetherness and delight in each other’s company. For instance, during meal times, every member of the family must share a part of the meal. The San people also treasure relations very much and consider themselves related with each member of their families (Solway, 2003). Close relations are of key importance to the San people since they toil together to obtain food for survival. In addition, the San culture considers women as very important to the society. This is because they provide food for the society. Thus, according to the kinship of the San people, women’s right also counts in major decision making of the society. Women are also married while very young in the San community. Thus, unlike in other communities where it is the bride that moves out to live with the husband, in the San community, it is the man that moves out to live the family of the bride in order to provide for the family’s needs. Although divorce is very common in the San community, marriage rituals are very much treasured by the San people. Therefore, family is a very important part of the San people in keeping social ties (Solway, 2003). The kinship system of the San people affects their culture in different ways. For instance, hunting and gathering acts as a way of bringing the people together. Sharing of the food collected also brings in love and unity in the society. In addition, the kinship also affects the culture of the society through encouraging equality among the people, while reducing emotions of envy. Secondly, the kinship of the society also affects their marriage culture since men are supposed to work hard for their wives and for the families of their wives. Thus, men will treasure women very much. Thirdly, through hunting and gathering, the kinship also brings in unity among the people and builds teamwork. This is because men should hunt together, while women gather vegetables together thus, in the end creating one united community (Haviland and Haviland, 2008). The kinship of the San people is very different from that of my own society. This is because, while the San people value a woman very much, in my own society, women are considered inferior to men. In my society, men make the major decisions of the society. On the other hand, in the San society, women are allowed to contribute to the decision making process of the society. Therefore, people have been led to think that men are the ones supposed to be leaders of the society. Kinship influences many behaviors i
Introduction PowerPoint is one of the most effective tools in presenting information to an audience in a class, workplace and public lectures. However, the effectiveness of information presented in PowerPoint largely depends on the presenter’s ability to make some interesting and informative slides. Tim Washer (2009), attempts to highlight some of the issues that affect the effectiveness of a PowerPoint presentation and how one can solve these issues. The purpose of this discussion is to provide an article reflection. The aim is to determine the importance of Washer’s article in developing quality skills in presentations using PowerPoint tool. Article summary Tim Washer introduces his argument with a short advice he gained from his father- ‘redundancy signifies ignorance’ (Washer, 2009). He argues that redundancy in PowerPoint presentations is one of the most frequently observed mistakes in presentations. To solve this, Washer suggests a few ideas to reduce redundancy. First, he suggests that before writing a PowerPoint document for presentation, the writer must do a thorough homework. For instance, it is important to inquire for information on what question other people would like to be answered in the presentation. Washer argues that this makes a presentation relevant and ensures that the opinion of the audience counts. Secondly, Washer suggests that a good presentation should have three to eight words to deliver an idea. He suggests that the font size should be at least 30-point. Thirdly, Washer suggests that using visual presentation is a powerful technique in conveying message, especially because human minds understand pictures more easily than written information. He suggests some sources of visual presentations such as Corbis.com and ShutterStock.com. In addition, Washer suggests that developing a story relevant to the topic is an easy way of conveying some information. He suggests some sources of reference, including WSJ.com and NYTimes.com, where one must develop a story with the ‘problem-solution-results’ formula. Finally, Washer suggests that the maximum time for presentation suing PowerPoint should be 20 minutes, and that it is important to finish early. To finish off, he repeats that redundancy is a vice in PowerPoint presentation. Reflection For the most part of the article, I tend to agree with Tim Washer for a number of reasons. First, I agree with him that redundancy affects the process of conveying information to the audience. In fact, Washer points out an important factor in the effectiveness of presentation using PowerPoint- that people tend to get bored when the idea is presented in excessive words. In addition, I further agree with Washer’s methods of reducing redundancy. For instance, it is evident that mos
Things Fall Apart is one of the greatest novels in Africa and is widely read across the world. The author wrote this novel in order to help demystify the myths that the African culture was primitive and needed civilization. The novel is considered to be a classic tragic novel, as we see the main character that is Okonkwo raises high in the society but at the end of the novel he kills himself. This is because he was trying to fight against the invasion of his culture by the British. The Umuofian culture was complex and its invasion would bring its disintegration. In this society morality governed the lives of the people and the society at large. Every action that was taken was controlled by the moral values that helped to control the community. These moral values were quite complex, for example at the end of the novel when Okokwo kills himself, the people in the community cannot touch his body. In spite of the fact that he was one of the greatest men in Umuofia and a leader of his community he was hence not given the burial ceremony that he deserved as an Umuofian leader. The Umuofian culture therefore had a lot of moral complexities. This paper will discuss the moral complexities in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. I will use the definition of morality as, one’s ability to judge what is right or wrong, or good or right conduct. Discussion Things Fall Apart is a nov
Intangible benefits The only tangible benefit that the learning institution will experience is the annual estimated revenue from outsider students registering to learn French in the institution. Whenever outsider students benefit from the online system to study French, then the system has a positive externality to the society. However, most of the benefits associated with the online system are intangible surplus advantages on top of the tangible benefits.   * Valuation of time: Time is a very important aspect of life. Incorporating the French language lessons into the syllabus will save students of the time they would need to learn the language after school (Kingma, 2001, p. 128).   * Valuation of richness of information: Installing an online system to learn French will mean that students will interact more with the systems. They will go an extra mile and obtain richer information as compared to students who do not have the opportunity to interact with the online systems. Moreover, since the French tutors will comprise of the customary instructors, students will interact with the instructors freely, and this will bring a better understanding of things, a benefit that will enable students to obtain rich and quality information.   * Valuation of the training: Putting up an information system within the learning institution will mean all trainings will take place within the organization. The organization will no longer have to spend on sponsoring students and instructors to train on French courses elsewhere.   * Valuation of trust: Trust is of paramount importance in any organization as it enables the organization to maintain and obtain new customers (students in this case). The ministry of Education will regard the institution as ideal and trustworthy (Varian, Farrell, & Shapiro, 2004, p. 49). The benefit enables the organization to have a competitive advantage over the other learning institutions.   * Valuation of life: Whenever students join learning institutions, they expect to come out better people than the rest of the individuals who never went for further education; the learning institutions “save the lives” of the students. The students expect to be highly demanded and worthwhile people, and that is the value of life obtained from higher learning institutions.   * Total revenue: The total revenue that the organization is likely to obtain by putting up the online system is given by summing up the intangible and tangible benefits. Total revenues are the opportunity benefits. Explicit costs Lemons market Lemon markets occur when people consider buying second-hand machinery. Second hand machinery could be good or bad (referred to as lemons). The only person who knows whether the machinery is good or whether it is a lemon is the owner ( Experiment, 2002, p. 1). However, since the owner wants to sell the machine, he will hide the true information from the buyer, and the buyer risks when buying used machinery. The buyer would be lucky enough to buy a good machinery, or unlucky to b