ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, remains in the history of the United States of America. Numerous studies and investigations have been done in order to ascertain whether Franklin Roosevelt had information on the attack or not. After many decades since the incident occurred, questions on why and how America was caught unprepared still exist (Hanson 236). Roosevelt and some high officers in the government could have been aware of the attack. United States Intelligence managed to decode information from radio broadcasts, which were used by the Japanese in their plan to attack Pearl Harbor (Jacobsen 695). The messages were sent to Washington. However, Roosevelt kept the messages to himself. In addition, United States intelligence was able to arrest the spy used by Japan to provide information regarding Pearl Harbor. The spy informed Japan on exact geographical grids of the Harbor. The Intelligence informed Roosevelt, but he might have not shared the information with others in Washington (Jacobsen 695). It is believed that Roosevelt wanted to engage Japan in war and the only way to achieve this was by allowing Japan to attack the Harbor. It is argued that there was no reason which could have allowed the United States of America to participate in war. In addition, Britain and Netherlands were aware of the attack by Japan on the harbor. The Intelligence of these nations might have informed Roosevelt because they had an alliance with United States of America (Hanson 237). Therefore, it can be concluded that, Roosevelt knew about the attack and he allowed it to happen so that his country can be involved in the war. A memo written from Naval Intelligence Office outlined 8 actions to be done which by the government States of America. It is believed, Roosevelt began implementing the steps in the memo and by the time Japan attacked Pearl Harbor all 8 steps had taken place. The two main areas of the memo were; manning the trade and economy of Japan and preparedness of the military men because there were signs of an attack (Bratzel1343). It is believed that Roosevelt knew about the attack because he began preparing for war by joining hands with Britain to acquire supplies and use of military services from Indonesia and Singapore. It is also believed that Roosevelt personally deployed a division made of heavy cruisers. He also deployed two other divisions of submarines. Roosevelt said that he was setting up the divisions to keep Japan guessing (Bratzel1343). Moreover, lack of military services and geographical location of Pearl Harbor, made it more vulnerable. Commander in chief, Richardson, informed Roosevelt on the issue of lack of military services in the harbor (Bratzel1343). It is believed there was a confrontation between Roosevelt and Richardson and the latter one ended up loosing his job four months later. Husband Kimmel replaced Richardson and is believed to have been manipulated by Roosevelt to a point of overlooking dangers of the attac
Introduction The United States of America’s political system is described as democratic with Republican and Democratic parties forming the majority. Since time in sundry, exercising democracy during elections, especially on campaign platform, has reached maturity. In any presidential election, it is apparent that a Democratic Party nominee faces off with a Republican Party nominee. America’s presidential election results are often determined by policy inclination and practicality as perceived by the public and technocrats. Specifically, the politics of the Tea Party and the Affordable Care Act have closely interacted in the past in the opposition of the ObamaCare. Directly, the Affordable Care Act is one of the tests of popularity of the Tea Party outfit against its opponents. Thus, the influence of the Tea Party in the Affordable Care Act cannot be dismissed. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly discuss the Affordable Care Act (ObamaCare) and the Tea Party on the tenet of how these topics interact with each other. The Affordable Care Act Despite the controversy it courted, the ObamaCare (Affordable Care Act) has presented a comprehensive health policy which mainly adopts the redistribution economics to ensure that every American is covered under the scheme (US Department of Health and Human Services par. 11). Despite initial rejection by a section of Americans, the policy carried the day as it promised to make health very affordable to the low income groups. At present, the only challenge is implementation since it will have to cover very many people. Through partnership with insurance companies, this policy has been described as basically what the Americans need after the just ending financial crisis characterized by reduced disposable income. This policy has been successful in Norway and its only determinant of success in America will be its implementation module. As proposed in the policy, the aspect of individual mandate has been supported by both houses and even President Obama’s opponent from the Republican Party. The aspects of fairness, objectivity, and transparency define a policy. Objectivity minimizes biasness and prejudice when drawing a policy. On the other hand, fairness involves collective consultation with stakeholders and adopting consultative decisions. Transparency involves the aspects of proactive reviews that are consistent with the performance evaluation and monitoring system. Reflectively, the Affordable Care Act proposed by President Obama contains all these aspects within its scope. This policy on healthcare is objective and targets to make healthcare provision affordable to the upper and lower economic ends citizens of America. It has specific projections and intentions that are multifaceted and based on recommendations of the expert and other stakeholders. The transparency aspect of this act is that it has the target monitoring un
Infoscape Technologies Infoscape Technologies is a novel technology firm focusing on the hospitality industry in the UAE region. It focuses on providing software solutions to the hospitality industry. Mainly, it provided solutions in Guest Incident Management, HR administration, concierge management system, and Hotel Service Optimization System. Vinod Philip, who is currently the CEO, started the company in 2008. The company has several middle level managers, director of sales, project manager, HR and financial officer. The CEO is the overall manager in charge of the operations of the company. The CEO is responsible for strategic leadership in the company. The CEO, in collaboration with other senior level managers, has the task of devising policies for implementation within the company. Since its inception in 2009, the company has grown in many dimensions; this includes an increase in the customer base and an increase in program outputs. The CEO offers guidance in what products the company distributes from other companies and sets targets for the percentage of products the company will market under its own brand. The number of high-level collaborations has increased as well as the output of Infoscape branded products. The CEO maintains discretionary authority on decisions concerning which products the company markets from outside. The CEO also represents the company in industry conventions, within and outside UAE. The CEO receives reports on the progress of the company form the different departments and charts new course for the company. He also provides decisions on expansions; for example the decisions to expand to India. The other mid-level manager is the project manager. The project manager is in charge of all projects undertaken by the company. The company deals with installation and maintenances of software solutions in the hospitality industry; consequently, all the functions of installation and maintenances fall under the office of the project manager. The projects manager oversees the implementation of projects related to varied technology products. This includes presales, execution, training, project management, and support. All the activities pertaining to customer satisfaction fall under this office. The project manager has duties comprising of designing, instituting, and evaluating the progress of projects. She is in charge of monitoring the productivity and motivation of her workers. She also handles customer complains concerning the company products or products marketed by the company. The director of sales deals with all marketing activities in the firm, which includes both the company brands and external brands. The manager has the charge of overseeing effective collaboration between his company and other company in marketing partnerships. He furnishes the CEO with information regarding the market requirements and recommend solution products. He has to keep the sales personnel motivated and productive. The other managers assume the roles designed for their departments in the same manner. First-line managers include the assistant te
Abstract Starruca Viaduct is a monumental bridge in Pennsylvania, which is a pioneer work in the field of engineering using concrete. This paper gives an overview of how the viaduct was constructed. It starts with an introduction followed with an overview of when, where, and the size of the bridge. The paper then gives the civilization and prevalent culture in which the viaduct was constructed. The body of the paper highlights how the bridge was built, including the materials, methods, tools/equipment, the labor force, and the cost of the viaduct. It also gives an analysis of how the bridge would be built in contemporary times before giving a conclusion. Introduction Starruca Viaduct is a monumental bridge in Pennsylvania, which is perhaps one of the most important concrete engineering works of the 19 th Century. Before the construction of the bridge, the journey from New York to Lake Erie was a long and arduous one as people had to travel to New Jersey, then climb the Gulf Summit in Pennsylvania, and ultimately get to New York via Binghamton. Fortunately, surveyors discovered what would later become a ‘logistical redeemer’ to people transiting from New York to Lake Erie and beyond. The discovery was Starruca Creek, who joined the two locations. However, the eminent problem was how to come up with a structure to connect the two locations via the newly found creek. Julius W. Adams, a respected civil engineer, was tasked with the duty of figuring out how people would cross the valley. Adams had several options with the most straightforward one being to fill the valley by removing tons and tons of raw earth and gravel, which conventionally would be a laborious and costly exercise. The second option was to construct a wooden supporting tower, which came out as the most feasible and inexpensive exercise. However, the wooden trestle would require regular maintenance and a couple with its vulnerability to disasters like fires; this option could not qualify as a long-term solution to the problem at hand. The last option was to venture into a monumental concrete bridge, which had not happened anywhere else across the world at the time. Nevertheless, Adam decided to take the road less traveled, and he chose the last option, which led to the birth of the Starruca Viaduct as it stands today. The structure was a pioneer bridge in many aspects. First, the bridge was the first concrete structure of its kind. In addition, it was completed in record time, and it was the longest structure of its kind at the time. This p
Summary of the Research This research paper compares the functioning of Al Rahji Islamic Bank and HSBC non-Islamic banks in Saudi Arabia during the global economic crisis of 2007-2010. This research aims to single out the most effective means of managing the banking system when turbulent times happen in the banking industry. The method of this research is purely qualitative. Its research will be based on the information, taken from such sources as bank documents, case studies, and articles about Islamic and non-Islamic Banking. Research findings reveal the supremacy of Al Rahji Islamic banking in Saudi Arabia in handling financial investments in the event of an economic crisis. Banking plays an important role in the economy of any country. In Saudi Arabia, bank investors constitute more than 80% of its population. These people possess strong faith in Allah, and they want to lead their lives as per the instructions, given in the Holy Quran and the way shown by the prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). The economic relations in this country are also governed by the precepts of Islam. However, the Islamic banking system though popularly known in the Kingdom, remains less favored by Saudi than the conventional banking system. Non-Islamic banking is fully based on interest, and it is commonly meant, as commercial banks. However, interest is prohibited by Islam. This paper will also demonstrate that the Islamic banking system is less vulnerable to the economic crises since it practically eliminates the possibility of fraud or any other unethical and illegal behavior among executives. Review of Literature Islamic banking can be defined as a system of banking that is governed by the principles of Islamic Law or Sharia, and by the conventional principles of risk management (Ariff, 2008). Its major distinguishing feature is the prohibition of interest. Interest-free banking is a narrow concept denoting the number of banking instruments or operations, which avoid interest. Islamic banks are expected not only to avoid interest-based transactions, prohibited in the Islamic Shariah but also to avoid unethical practices and participate actively in achieving the goals and objectives of an Islamic economy, which is to improve the quality of life in the community (Ariff, 2008). According to Ariff (2008), the modern banking system was introduced into the Muslim countries at a time when they were politically and economically at low ebb, in the late 19th century. The main banks in the home countries of the imperial powers established local branches in the capitals of the subject countries, and they catered mainly to the import-export requirements of the foreign businesses. The banks were generally confined to the capital cities, and the local population remained largely untouched by the banking system. The local trading community avoided the “foreign” banks both f
There can be no possible doubt that FOX and the J&J crossed the line between a reasonable compromise and a breach of the corporate ethical principles (Stewart & Paine, n. d.). In regard to the conflict that Johnson & Johnson had to deal with, the nature of the problem, particularly, the conflict between the ethical values of a company and the possibility of gaining an impressive financial benefit in the notorious Tylenol scandal (The Tylenol crisis, 1982, n. d.), should be brought up. In other words, “a set of principles that you can’t make a profit at the expense of” (Harvard Business School, n. d., 00:02.06) deserves to be mentioned. Therefore, it is obvious that J&J and FOX should have stopped at some point to check whether the actions that they were taking complied with the basic ethical principles that the two companies were run with. Indeed, as one of the members of the meeting recorded by the Harvard Business School noted, “The question is, which of these things are legitimate demands” (Harvard Business School, n. d., 00:01.53). Therefore, one must admit that the two firms made very unethical decisions. Nevertheless, both companies should be credited as rather trustworthy and efficient because of their corporate policies, which are clearly based on a range of complex and well thought out ethical values and principles, such as employee satisfaction and the safety of the stakeholders (Ingols & Brem, n. d., p. 49). Speaking of the organization of the FOX Corporation, one must note its alignment with the six basic considerations for a company organization. First, the strategy was defined quite precisely; likewise, the environment, in which the company was planted, was also quite welcoming. One might argue that Fox could have set the company’s priorities in a different manner; however, focusing on the manager-employee relationships was also a very legitimate step to make. The technology issue (outsourcing versus owning) was admittedly downplayed, though. As a result, the choice between different types of technologies was not made in time. Nevertheless, the FOX Company seems to have been making rather efficient use of technological advances (Ingols & Brem, n. d., p. 45). As far as the culture of the J&J Company is concerned, the Burke video shows clearly that the firm was clearly about to break new grounds and at the very least was doing something very peculiar with the corporate policies on the quality of the services provided to the end customers. As the video shows, the company was ready to experiment and was not afraid of taking a step in the wrong direction; while
Introduction The article “Improving patient care through the prism of psychology: Application of Maslow’s hierarchy to sedation, delirium, and early mobility in the intensive care unit” is written by Jackson et al. (2014, p. 438). It discusses the way care is delivered to the patients of the intensive care unit (ICU) currently and the way it should be delivered to improve patient healthcare outcomes. The authors underline that it is necessary to pay attention to the safety of the consumers because this concept is even more important than the quality of care. They say that the most vital need of every human being is survival that is why it should be more important than the others. Professionals refer to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to prove their point of view. They also claim that patient safety should be improved in the ICU. Today a lot of studies are conducted on this topic, and scientists provide many recommendations (including those developed from the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs) that should be used in practice but are not. With their article, Jackson et al. (2014) tried to motivate healthcare professionals to start implementing them. This work is organized as a literature review, even though its purpose is not just to speak about the observed problem. It is based on 74 sources, the majority of which were written recently. Thus, the paper is full of authoritative qualitative data that can be easily understood by the targeted audience that includes healthcare professionals. Still, the information is presented in such a way that even students who are going to work in this sphere will understand it. Moreover, some representatives of the general public are likely to realize what the article is about because the authors explained their position in detail. Some misunderstandings may occur when dealing with specific terms. The paper is based in the USA, but his information is not emphasized in the text of the article, which can be seen as its drawback. The article prepared by Jackson et al. (2014) is rather interesting. It states that the quality of care that is today emphasized greatly by many professionals is not that important as patient safety. Even though such an idea seems to be reasonable, it is rarely discussed in this way. Also, the fact that nurses and physicians should work according to Maslow’s hierarchy attracted my attention, as I have never thought of it. Finally, it was interesting to get to know that many patients tend to have problems after the discharge, even though they seem to be rather healthy at that time. Using this information in practice, I would be able to ensure the delivery of appropriate care to my patients. I would refer to their needs according to the hierarchy so that they would have fewer problems and would feel better. Thus, I would encourage other students to read this article. It will help them to realize how to work with patients and to what situations to pay attention. They may make use of this information when deciding how to ac
Introduction Career Management (CM) ‘is a powerful process used by employees to monitor their strengths in order to achieve their career goals’ (Whymark & Ellis, 1999, p. 119). Students and employees ‘can use CM to analyse their personal interests, expectations, values, weaknesses, and capabilities’ (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 72). This knowledge will make it easier for them to formulate the best career objectives and goals. Job-seekers can use the CM concept to gather the best information about the targeted industry or company. Employees should establish favorable action plans in order to achieve their goals. Career Management (CM) makes it easier for employees to predict their short-term and long-term goals. This essay gives an analysis of my career path. My Career Path Traditional Versus Protean Career A person can have a protean or traditional career depending on the targeted objectives. I am currently working as a Personal Assistant (PA) in an Asian multinational company. I am planning to retain this position because it fulfills most of my career goals. The position of a PA ‘can be described as a traditional career’ (Pilbeam & Corbridge 2010, p. 27). My current position revolves around this organization. I have been working as a PA for several years. The position ‘has made it easier for me to complete different managerial duties’ (Bratton & Gold 2007, p. 76). I have acquired new skills and competencies that support my career goals. My efforts have encouraged every leader to manage his or her time properly. I have also handled different administrative and secretarial roles in the firm. It is my obligation ‘to complete every task in a professional manner’ (Whymark & Ellis, 1999, p. 119). I have always maintained the highest level of confidentiality. These attributes have made me a successful Personal Assistant (P