ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Racialism is a phenomenon that claims that people from different “so-called” races genetically inherit certain characteristics that are not found in other races. However, it is quite hard to clinically prove that the chromosomal difference between two human beings belonging to two different races is more pronounced than that of two humans from the same race. Moreover, the biological community does not agree on human beings from different ethnicities being physically classified as races. Kwame Appiah suggests that it is biologically quite difficult to arrive at a conclusion that people from different ethnicities have different mental abilities, thereby voiding misconceptions such as intellectual and moral racial superiority. Morphological characteristics such as skin color do not play a role in determining an individual’s biological traits. Therefore, it would impossible to gauge a person’s characteristics merely based on his/her race. One has to understand that differences in culture, language, and general attitude are purely due to social factors and has nothing to do with racial inheritance. The theory of evolution would suggest that all the morphologically different people around the world actually descended from one race. As time passed by, people moved from one place to another and evolved accordingly to survive under different environments. It would be impossible to claim that a new species originated in any part of the world since all of us have some degree of genetic linkage left in us. Appiah compares classifying human beings based on morphological differences to classifying books in a library based on their size since such a classification is of very little significance. It is also quite similar to early scientists perceiving characteristics of substances based on taste and smell. Physicist Heisenberg believed that the characteristics of a substance can be determined only by understanding a simpler entity (atom) that does not possess its properties. As science progressed, scientists began to realize that a substance’s behavior is based on its atomic properties rather than physical attributes. Similarly, the characteristics of human organisms cannot be determined based on physical properties such as color and hair texture, thereby shattering nineteenth-century racialist beliefs. The genes and DNA structure of a human being actually determine an individual’s characteristics. Although there is enough scientific evidence to prove that racialism is not a scientific concept, Appiah believes that racists who would still “want” to believe in it wi
Introduction Jimmy Page, also known as James Patrick Page, is a prominent English guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. Page attained international acclaim as a guitarist while playing for the Yardbirds and Led Zeppelin rock music bands. Page was the leader of the Led Zeppelin Band. Due to his achievements throughout his career, Page is considered by many to be both the most successful and most influential guitarist in the history of rock music. Born in 1944 in Heston, West London, Page learned to play the guitar at the tender age of twelve (Case, 2007). Among the people who greatly influenced his practice are guitar legends Scotty Moore and James Burton. The duo played on Elvis Presley’s recordings. Jimmy Page first emerged in the musical limelight in 1957, during the All Your Own talent show on BBC1, when he was only thirteen-years-old (Gulla, 2009). At the time, he played a Hofner President. However, Page insists that his first-ever instrument was a 1959 Futurama Grazioso. Later on, he acquired a Fender Telecaster. His Early Career in Rock Music Page fully decided to pursue a music career and left Danetree Secondary School in 1959. He later landed a deal with the Crusaders, under the leadership of Niel Christian while he was fifteen. While still working with the Crusaders, Page always found time to work on individual projects. For instance, in 1962, he released his first single known as “The Road to Love” (Case, 2007). Unfortunately, after a while, he contracted glandular fever and became indisposed and unable to manage the many Crusaders’ musical tours. For a while, he halted his career in music and opted to concentrate on fine art. He then joined the Sutton College of Art. However, as a student in the art college, Page never abandoned his guitar playing. He performed at the college with several groups until he was noticed and approached by the leader of the Brian Howard & the Silhouettes Band, John Gibb (Hoskyns, 2006). He worked as a session musician for some time, and he declined several offers from rock bands such as The Yardbirds. He mobilized artists such as Jeff Beck, Nicky Hopkins, John Paul Jones, and Keith Moon to make recordings such as “Becks’ Bolero” (Case, 2007). The success of these projects gave him the idea to form the Led
Introduction The world is increasingly embracing technology and institutions of learning are some of the most affected by this emerging trend. Within the past two decades, scientists have tried coming up with ways of making learning simple and interesting both to the learner and the educators. Coming up with assistive technologies has been one of the main focus of these scientists as they try to ensure that teachers and students can interact easily and that materials can be accessed easily (Zakrzewski, 2016). The emergence of tablets is one of the recent inventions in the field of education and it is clear that it is soon replacing textbooks. However, many stakeholders are not sure if indeed tablets should replace the textbooks. It is a debate that has been raging over the recent past and it would be appropriate to conduct a study over this issue. Purpose The debate over whether tablets should replace textbooks has been going on for some time now as the stakeholders in the education sector try to embrace the emerging technologies. This subject matters a lot because it is important to determine if indeed tablets can effectively replace textbooks before this technology can be fully embraced in learning institutions (Warren, 2014). This project is worth doing because it will critically evaluate the existing literatures and conduct some further research to determine the relevance of tablets in the learning institutions. It will be an informative report that will help the policy makers understand what is at stake on this issue. It will explain to them why indeed it is important to have tablets instead of textbooks or vice versa in learning institutions. The project will weigh the pros and cons of using textbooks and tablets and then propose the one that is most appropriate. Thesis In this project, the researchers seek to investigate the relevance of tablets in the modern learning institutions, and whether or not they can replace textbooks. The study will investigate the benefits of using tablets by both the learners and educators and compare these benefits closely with the ben
Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental illness which manifests with strong belief and concern that one is deformed without any evidence. Affected individuals get to point of seeking medical assistance to correct their purported deformity. Currently, there is no clear statistical data on body dysmorphic disorder, but it is alleged that, approximately between two to six percent of patient who seek cosmetic or dermatology interventions are affected. Mostly, affected individuals rarely seek psychiatric interventions, but frequently visit plastic surgeons and dermatologists for treatment. Onset of Body dysmorphic disorder is commonly in mid teenage to late teenage. Its clinical features include, an individual suddenly getting worried of her appearance and believing that she has deformities. Most of patients who have this disorder claim that, the deformity is on their face or head (Cotterill, 1996). Many people who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder visit psychiatric hospital with chief complain of spending a lot of time looking their face on mirror. They frequently complain of their deformed facial appearance that is contrarily. Some of those affected get to an extent of covering their face to hide the purported deformity. In other scenario, people with this disorder ask their friends if the deformity is visible or recognizable. Most of the affected individuals are always anxious and afraid of being in public places or meeting people. This change in behavior negatively affects their school or job performance (Cotterill, 1996). Joan Rivers a 79 year old female who works as an American television personality, actress and comedian in the past years has portrayed features related to body dimorphic disorder. She has undergone cosmetic surgeries several times to change her facial appearance. Evidently, this indicates that she believes that her facial appearance is deformed and needed to be changed. In 1965, she underwent her first eyelift cosmetic surgery. Since then, she has undergone several other facial plastic surgeries. She claims that, doing facial cosmetic surgery boosts her career (Rivers, 1997). In her past psychiatric history, Joan Ri
Being a governor is not an easy thing for any person: to be in constant touch with country and state affairs, to complete the functions of commander-in-chief of naval and military forces, to take care of numerous healthy services, to issue laws in order to improve current state of affairs, and to be responsible for lives of people, who have already trusted own lives to governor’s hands. This list is certainly not complete, and the duties of the governor as the head of the executive branch require more attention and more time. How did it feel being a governor? This question has to be posed to those people, who have already had this feeling and realized how great this responsibility can be. Arnold Schwarzenegger or Pete Wilson from California, David Paterson or Eliot Spitzer from New York, George W. Bush or Rick Perry – these governors may be very helpful in this little research and may answer all possible questions. But the trouble is that is impossible to interview them right now. Being a governor requires patience, understanding, abilities to control, and efforts to gain respect and recognition from citizens, and such policies like issuing laws or cutting budget should not prevent achieving success in the chosen profession but only promote for demonstration of best qualities and high level of knowledge. Cutting budget is probably one of the most unpleasant tasks that have to be completed by governors. Lower demand for different services, competitions because of price setting, or unusual cost events serve as the most famous and frequent reasons of budget cutting. In order to prevent society of such a dangerous step, a governor has to evaluate the situation, comprehend each of the above-mentioned reasons, and be able to control situation in order to avoid this activity and help citizens. Unfortunately, the abilities of a governor have certain limitations, this is why this step is usually becomes inevitable or obligatory. If we talk about feelings in governing, it is impossible to hold to one concrete feeling. As a rule, cutting budgets usually cause unpleasant feelings, because any governor comprehends that this is the way of how public universities with students suffer and lose the opportunity to get proper education and enjoy their studying processes. Public universities and community colleges expect to receive considerable financial support in order to have chance to improve education, classroom conditions, and availability of material. However, the news that budget is cut, and the numbers are considered to be significant, the dreams of many students just collapse. Cutting budgets may be just
Business Information Project Overview Avenue Park Garden Services (APGS) are a start-up company situated on the suburbs of the Mott Haven division of the South Bronx. The company will start operating on March 2014 as a sole proprietorship. Extensive coverage of the targeted market will begin in two months ahead of the commencement date. The company will offer professional garden blueprints, landscaping services and repair services for individuals and businesses in a geographical area covering Manhattan and Mott Haven division of the South Bronx. The peak trading season for the company is expected to be between March and October, while the low season is expected to be between November and February. During the low season the company will continue to operate but on a limited number of clients. Objectives of the project The main objectives of the project in the initial year of operation include: First, to successfully commence business operations on March 2014. The second objective is to be the leading company in garden planning, design and maintenance services in the entire Manhattan region. Last but not least, the company aims to achieve sales of $120000 in the first year exclusive of Value Added Tax (VAT), and net earnings of $30000, prior to tax and promoter drawings. In the following year (which is not in this plan) sales are projected to rise to over $200000 with the addition of staff. Figure 1: Financial Projection for the First Year Services to be offered by the company Avenue Park Garden service (APGS) will offer all gardening services as per the customers’ needs. The services that will be offered by the company will include: garden planning and design service; garden construction, landscaping and lodging services; turf cutting; edge and couch maintenance; pruning/trimming hedges; clip removal; and maintenance of other special features, for instance, aquatic features and outdoor architectural elements among others. Business structure and ownership The company is a sole proprietorship, which is also known as a sole trader business. In other words, the proprietor (promoter) will possess, run and work on a full-time basis. The proprietor has massive and widespread experience in the field of horticultural garden. He has worked among the top horticultural services companies in different capacities, the latest as operations manager in professional landscaping and gardening. In addition, he holds a Bachelor of Science degree in horticulture specializing in soil science and plant propagation. The proprietor has also completed a number of entrepreneurial courses including Mott Havens Enterprise Board’s Business Start-Up Program. Organization and Staffing Besides the proprietor, the company will also have one extra permanent staff in the first year, and it is probable that two extra employees will be needed in the following year. Staffing will be based on the following skills: landscape/garden design, application of learned or gained knowledg
Speeches represent a detrimental aspect of learning and sharing information, with the most prominent examples of them being listened to or watched long after they have been delivered. For instance, Steve Job’s commencement address given at Stanford University got thirty-one million views on YouTube, with its message inspiring generations (Smith). Learning from the best public speakers is important for discovering one’s own style and capitalizing on the strengths that a person has in regards to public speaking. This paper will focus on providing a critique of the delivery of a Personal Narrative Speech to identify positive and negative aspects and learn from them. Looking back at the speech, it becomes evident that one of the main challenges associated with the speech is fe
Introduction Police brutality is a divisive and serious problem affecting many countries across the globe. The issue is usually against human rights and liberties. Police have been reported to have abused suspects unfairly. Supervisors in charge of violent officers fail to penalize or act decisively. The discussion below gives a detailed analysis of this problem. Context of the Challenge Alang, McAlpine, McCreedy, and Hardeman (2017) indicate that law enforcement officers engage in malpractices that amount to a violation of human rights. Such challenges are common in rural and urban regions in the country. These abuses are committed by federal agents, state police, and officers. According to Wahl (2014), many law enforcers engage in severe beatings and unjustified shootings. Some even treat specific suspects indecently. The problem has persisted due to the ineffectiveness of different leaders. The history of this challenge has been informed by the social and economic issues revolving around race relations in this country. Police brutality was used against marginalized races from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. Laborers who engaged in strikes were targeted by the police. They could be brutalized and arrested without a valid reason (Wahl, 2014). The problem continued during the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Individuals from minority groups continue to face this challenge. Several policy decisions have led to the present situation. Existing law enforcement laws guide the behavior and practice of officers. They also dictate how criminals can be identified, arrested, and prosecuted. However, such policy decisions have not compelled the police to act ethically and promote citizens’ rights (Alang et al., 2017). They are also not implemented in accordance with the dictates of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Addressing the Problem Several reasons explain why this challenge should be addressed. The first one is that police brutality creates an ineffective environment for proper law enforcement. Secondly, it is associated with increased levels of racism. The issue also promotes stereotypes whereby minority groups are viewed as criminals (Alang et al., 2017). Dominant races in states affected by police brutality might continue to justify the malpractice. Finally, community policing cannot be implemented efficiently when malpractice still exists. Internal and External Impacts Police brutality has been observed to impact some individuals externally or internally. To begin with, officers who abuse different citizens find it hard to relate positively with workmates from minority races. Supervisors and leaders in different police departments never deliver positive results. Externally, the malpractice impacts the lives of many victims (Desmond, Papachristos, & Kirk, 2016). Members of the community also lose trust with different law enforcement agencies or departments. Individuals from minority groups are usually unable to achieve their potential due to malpractice. Personal Opinion I believe that this problem is yet to be resolved. The disparate treatment by different officers based on a per
Starwood Hotels has been keen on ensuring that they improve the performance of the entire system. This firm operates in various continents and targets the high-end part of the market. The market has a stiff competition posed by other high-end hotels like the Hilton Hotel. However, Starwood Hotels have managed to deal with costs and increase their profit margin within the market. Prevention cost is one of the strategies used by this firm. The firm has taken measures to reduce accidents within the facility. This has come at a cost, but in the end, the benefit generated from this outmatches the cost incurred in the prevention of such incidents. This borrows a leaf from the Total Quality Management. Appraisal cost is another very important cost to incur in order to improve quality of the output. Starwood has been keen to ensure that defects are identified as soon as possible, and rectified before the process is brought to an end. This has ensured that most of the products offered by this firm are defect free, making it more profitable. This has also attracted more customers for the firm. Internal failure cost is another cost that this firm has been keen to incur in order to ensure that the firm offers customers total satisfaction. It has been keen to eliminate products that after processing, seems to have some defects. The last cost that this firm has incurred as a measure of reducing cost of production and increasing profitability are the external failure cost. When the product is delivered to the customers but it is realized that there are some defects, the firm would recall the product and incur the cost in order to ensure customer satisfaction. Starwood Hotel management has employed Six Sigma as a means of improving the output of their facilities, including their labor force. Motorola invented this strategy in 1980s in an attempt to improve quality of their products. It gained fame in the mid 1990s. It is currently considered as one of the most important tools of managing the production process in an attempt to reduce the cost, but produce goods of high quality. To this hotel, Six Sigma can be used in an attempt to ensure that the products of this firm are as per the specifications desired by the quality management unit. Within the various chains of hotel that this firm runs, the management can integrate quality in its products. Six Sigma would help this firm avoid various costs identified above. Given the competitive nature of the market posed by other firms like Hilton Hotel, this firm must be in a position to produce products of very high quality. The type of customers served by this firm laid more emphasis on quality than on the price. The quality of the products can therefore not be negotiated. The firm would charge premium prices for the products. However, this is should be directly reflected in the quality of the products that are delivered to the customers. In order to ensure that Six Sigma works properly, all the employees must understand its principles, irrespective of the positions they hold in the hotels. They have to appreciate the importance of the application of six sigm