ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The company, today is known popularly as HP or Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), was founded in 1939 by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, Stanford University classmates at Palo Alto, California (HP, 2007). Starting out with the manufacture of an audio oscillator in a garage, the company today offers a wide range of technological products and services worldwide. One of the earliest customers of HP was the Walt Disney Studios which placed an order for eight oscillators for the making of its movie Fantasia. During the 1940s, the company received many orders from the U.S. government for electronic instruments due to World War II. This laid the foundation for the growth of HP. In the 1950s, as HP grew, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard introduced a new management style that soon became a popular corporate culture and was followed by several other technology companies (HP, 2007). The company went public in 1957, and true to its policy of respecting workers, the company offered stock grants to employees. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, HP has become of the world’s largest IT companies and is a strong force in the realms of printing, personal computing, and IT infrastructure globally (HP, 2007). Hewlett-Packard Inc The company leads globally in the manufacture of printers, software such as blade, x86, Windows®, Linux, UNIX, and high-end UNIX servers, total disk and storage systems, and desktop and notebook computers. HP has reported revenue totaling $100.5 billion for the four fiscal quarters ended July 31, 2007 (HP, 2007). Speaking from a global context, the company serves more than one billion people in more than 170 countries, has 156,000 employees, and ranks 14 in Fortune 500 ranking (GCR, 2006b). HP spends over $3.6 billion (U.S.) every year for research purposes. According to its official website, the company’s mission is to “invent technologies and services that drive business value, create social benefit and improve the lives of customers — with a focus on affecting the greatest number of people possible.” In fiscal 2006, HP revenue increased 6 percent to $91.7 billion, and non-GAAP earnings per share increased 46 percent to $2.38. And, according to Mark Hurd, current CEO and President of HP, the company “achieved the most balanced profit mix by business group and region that HP has seen in years” (Hewlett-Packard, 2007). Leadership at Hewlett-Packard Initially, the company’s founders focussed on the quality of the products and not on growth. But when the company became public in 1957, the founders planned to give considerable operating freedom to the managers of these business units but to do so within a set of commercial and management guidelines (HP, 2007). These guidelines became encapsulated within a vision statement known as the ‘Hewlett Packard Vision’: “Confidence in and respect fo
Cultural competence is a concept that ensures proper communication between the healthcare provider and a patient and is an excellent way to address cultural disparities. A highly diversified modern society often faces barriers when delivering health services due to the lack of appropriate understanding of the patient’s social individuality. Therefore, spreading awareness of personal values, and learning about others is a vital part of efficient nursing delivery, which will be further discussed. The statement that cultural competence is directly linked to personal cultural values is highly relevant to the healthcare sector. Contemporary medicine pays much attention to diversifying and educating staff to enhance the quality of their assistance to more people (1). Being a representative of a unique culture creates multiple advantages and many barriers. Culturally competent care delivery highly depends on the level of recruitment of a diverse ethnic staff (2). As a representative of the Arabic community, various values are specified and displayed in society mainly due to the difference in religion. I believe that Arabic culture is widely represented across the world, yet many patients face inappropriate treatment caused by a lack of educational competency. On the other hand, Muslim healthcare providers are proved to demonstrate high communication skills with diversified patients; however, they do not possess enough understanding of cultural health history knowledge (3). In my opinion, nurse-patient communication plays an essential role in the delivery of treatment for several reasons. Proficient nurses, who communicate properly, contribute to improving their connection with patients with the nurse and their perspicacity of the therapy as a whole (6). Muslim culture is complex, containing many specific features and restrictions, and therefore, I strongly believe that such representatives must be present at every medical facility for several purposes. Firstly, as a representative of Muslim culture, I could contribute to educating healthcare providers on culturally relevant practices, as the Islamic faith significantly affects the behavioral patterns of individuals (4). Healthcare providers must be informed of privacy issues, dietary habits, and tolerable medication of Arabs, and as a direct representative of this culture, I am the best candidate to teach my colleagues about this. In this case, my cultural values can enhance healthcare delivery and increase the professional level of the nursing staff (7). Secondly, direct communication of ethnic representatives with accordant patients may make them more comfortable in addressing their issues to a person of similar beliefs. The fear of being mistreated often creates barriers that affect the quality of healthcare performance (6). Thus, being a caretaker from a diversifie
Abstract Automated Storage and Retrieval System has become one of the very popular systems used in managing materials in warehouses. Soon after designing its new warehouse, the management of the British Airways Avionics Engineering realised that they needed this tool to enhance efficiency and cut costs of their operations. This study has revealed that the system was indeed appropriate for this firm at the time of its implementation. The study has also identified several deficiencies in the layout of the firm’s new facility. The main issue identified was the use of vertical space. Introduction The British Airways Avionic Engineering Limited (BAAE) was founded in 1993 as a subsidiary of the British Airways Group (Pathak 2005). The firm has its headquarters in Llantrisant, Wales, and it specialises in the repair of avionic equipment for British Airways. According to Tan (2002), this company was established as a way of reducing overreliance on other companies to handle repairs at this firm. The new subsidiary grew rapidly as it had a major client which was also the parent company. One of the main issues that this firm faced soon after starting its operations was effective warehousing strategies. Most of the equipment and spare parts require proper storage to ensure that they are protected from damage and rust. As the firm grew in size, its inventory also increased considerably and the management realised that much time was wasted in the warehouses. Sometimes the firm would be forced to purchase parts and equipment that were available but misplaced within the warehouse. This was a serious impediment to the success of this company given that the client was becoming a dominant player in the aviation sector. According to Reeves (2008), for a long time, many companies have always ignored the need to develop technology-based systems to manage inventories in their warehouses. For British Airways Avionic Engineering Limited, a time had come when it had to re-evaluate its warehousing strategies and find the best ways of using modern technologies as a way of achieving success. One of the most appropriate technology-based systems that were available for this firm was the Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS). In this paper, the researcher will critically analyse the relevance of this system for this firm. Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS) as the most cost-effective and efficient warehouse handling system The British Airways Avionic Engineering Limited handles a wide variety of equipment and spare parts meant for the maintenance of the British Airways’ planes (Meghanathan, Nagamalai, & Chaki 2013). As shown in the case study, these items are very sensitive and require handling with care. It is, therefore, very important to come up with a warehousing system that can meet the specific needs of this company. Automated Storage and Retrieval System is the most cost-effective and efficient warehousing system for this firm because of the following reasons. This computerised system keeps data of every item that is within the
Introduction There are diverse risks within organizational environments. The increased level of organizational competitiveness is important. It has led to a potential rise in the complexity of risks. This explains the core principle behind “occupational health and safety,” (OHS). Notably, present organizations recognize the need to employ critical OHS processes. The practice includes the establishment of key safety procedures. These embody both the psychological and the physical risks. A risk may refer to the likelihood of occurrence of a detrimental activity (Branch, Ramsay & Barker 2007, p. 265). In a typical risk management programme, there are vital steps to be undertaken. The identification of the risk emanates as the basic initial step. It is necessary for organizations indulged in risky operations to establish critical steps for risk mitigation (Hopkin 2012, p. 17). This discussion examines the role of risk perception in the process of risk management and regulation. Apart from this, the discussion highlights the critical examples and scenarios where risk perception and management are applicable. Role of Risk Perception in Risk Management and Regulation Risk perception is a critical process in the management and regulation or risk. The global transformations have significant impacts in the management of risks. Ideally, organizations must develop a crucial risk identification path. This helps in the process of formulation of the risk management and regulation policies (Griffin & Moorehead 2012, p. 11). Consequently, the process remains pertinent to the basic implementation procedures. Risk perception enables the institution of important evaluative procedures in the management of risks. It operates as a probabilistic scale from which the perceived risks get evaluated, monitored and mitigated. Risk perception emphasizes on the significance of establishment of the risk management departments within orga
Florida is located in the Southeast of the United States and is known as the “sunshine state.” According to statistics provided by the World Population Review (2020), it is the third most populous American state after California and Taxes. The prevailing industries are information technologies, agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing. Besides, Florida is a great place to conduct scientific research in the field of natural sciences. Overall, in Florida, there are more than ten national parks that provide a possibility to monitor the fauna and flora and hydrological situation. Currently, the South Florida Natural Resources Center (SFNRC) analyzes how to preserve the ecosystem of this region (National Park Service, 2015). The interest in this particular state is driven by the fact that it severely suffers from floods that, in most of the cases, happen unexpectedly (Florida Flood Insurance, n.d.). Floods have a devastating impact on local flora and fauna. The state government adopts research programs on the eradication of floods, mitigation of their consequences, and restoration of the devastated areas. In spite of this fact, there are still a lot of issues to be further investigated. Besides, the situation with floods suggests that the government is willing to accept the innovative solutions of researchers. In turn, the tricky problem of floods in Florida might become a motivation for experienced and young scientists to study the peculiarities of this region and the overall topic of natural disasters. To conclude, it should be noted that Florida is an immensely interesting state for studies in the field of natural sciences. It has not only diverse wildlife but also a curious geographical location that leads to frequent unexpected and devastating floods. These features provide scientists with motivation to develop incentives that could be used to protect and restore the nature of the Sunshine State.
Introduction This report describes an experiment conducted to test the effect of electromagnetic induction. More specifically, it tests whether the change in magnetic flux caused by the change in relative speed of the ordinary magnet towards the coil of copper wire results in the change of the direct current generated in the wire. Changes in the amount of current are measured using a sensitive multimeter at the moment when the magnet passes within the coil at different speeds and recorded by a digital camera for precision. Electromagnetic induction is a process in which a dynamic interaction of a magnetic field and an electrical conductor produces an electromotive force. Several types of interaction, collectively described as a change in magnetic flux, result in the generation of the current. The most common ones include the change in the position of the conductor relative to the source of the magnetic field and the change in the power of the field. The latter served as a basis for the discovery of the phenomenon by Michael Faraday, who noticed the relationship between the change in the readings of galvanometer and the process of connecting and disconnecting an electromagnet to a power source (Hammond 233). The process was later mathematically described by Maxwell as Faraday’s law of induction via the following formula: ℰ Here, ℰ is an amount of electromotive force generated in the coil, N is a number of loops in a coil, Φ is the amount of magnetic flux involved, and t is time. Importantly, the change in the flux can be created mechanically rather than electrically, with faster movement resulting in greater voltages. Literature Review Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831 (Hammond 233). By that time it was established that a coil carrying an electric current could generate a magnetic field. Faraday hypothesized that the opposite process is possible, i.e. it is possible to generate an electric current by placing a coil within the magnetic field. He soon observed that such process indeed takes place, but only under the condition of a changing magnetic field, the phenomenon termed magnetic flux. The initial experiment established the presence of a current generated in the moment of connection of a power source to the coil, and another manifestation during the moment of disconnection. Soon other conditions were discovered under which the current could be generated. First, the magnitude of the current directly depended on the strength of the magnetic field. Second, a direct relation was observed between the generated voltage and the speed at which the magnetic field moved either towards or away from the coil. Since all of the descri
The relative rise of conservatism in the XX century United States began around 1950s, and continued through 1970s, at that time the movement was marked by the general diligence, as well as the beginning of actions and the birth of ideas which crystallized only later, in the framework of the third wave of conservatism and the so-called “Reagan Era”. The conservative period in 1970s could be characterized as the backlash to various civil rights movements, including the feminist and the anti-racist movements, while the 1980s were the time of action more than reaction, when the ideas of 1950s clarified from anachronisms and aligned with modern values were incorporated into the paradigm of “modern conservatism” and brought into action by Reagan himself and his administration. The purpose of this paper is to look more closely at the conservative tradition during Reagan’s period, using the work of James Oakes, and also to investigate the following questions: whether there was something new and revolutionary about the “Reagan Revolution” and how the Reagan presidency was able to change the nature of American politics. Oakes et al. speak about the origins of the contemporary conservatism from the positions of interpretation of the 1960s events. He notes that at the beginning of his term Reagan had to face the nation’s insecurity about the future, which after the war in Vietnam and the economic decline seemed very strong. Being a charismatic leader, Ronald Reagan was able to reassure his fellow citizens with his speeches “to stir up patriotic emotions and to persuade Americans that the Vietnam War had been a “just cause” worth supporting” (Oakes et al. 923). With that rhetoric Regan assured the restoration of the US military power, and the Reagan Doctrine has had significant influence over American foreign policy. The confrontation with the Soviet Union, which lasted almost until the downfall of the “evil empire” itself, the aggressive anticommunist policy in the Third World countries, mainly including Central and Southern America and the attempts to pacify the Middle East, backed up by the necessity to secure the US oil supplies and to help the ally state of Israel, all of these strategies illustrated the active approach aimed at restoring the nation’s sense of self-esteem, while at the same pursuing the less obvious benefits. Oakes agrees that “Reagan successfully combated the sense of national decline that had pervaded America in the 1970s … His presidency re-invigorated faith in capitalist innovation, minimal government, and American military power” (Oakes et al. 941). After years of failures in foreign policy, such an aggressive promotion of American values and excellence has become a welcome novelty and change, and not only brought high popularity to Reagan and his ca
Independence of the board and good corporate governance The inextricable link highlighted in the National article is the independence of the board of directors. Outside directors, sometimes called non-management directors, may be executives be executives of other firms but are not employees of the board’s corporation. Analysts who favor a high proportion of outside directors’ state that outside directors are less biased and more likely to evaluate management’s performance objectively than are inside directors. This is the main reason why the New York Stock Exchange requires that all companies listed on the exchange have an audit committee composed of independent, outside members (Ryan & Wiggins 2004, 497-524). Legal, financial or future merger and acquisition advice Without independence of the board, especially in a situation where the CEO is free to nominate directors, the CEO might select only board members who, in the CEO’s opinion, will not disturb the company’s policies and functioning. Consequently, CEO-friendly, passive boards are likely to result. Directors selected by the board often feel that they should go along with any proposal made by the CEO, which may not always be in the best interest of the shareholders. Due to agency conflicts, management is likely to act in ways that will protect its interests, for example by awarding itself huge bonuses that may not necessarily reflect the performance levels. An independent board is more likely to make advice on merger and acquisition strategies as top management will be mostly concerned with increasing shareholder value, rather than in enriching or protecting top management positions. 2010 UK Corporate Governance Code As per the 2010 UK Corporate Governance Code, the audit committee should be made up of only independent non-ex
Introduction At the early stages of childhood, children are not able to identify and control their emotions. Consequently, they react distinctly to display situations in accordance to their intensities and perspectives. The reactions expressed determine the message relayed to a child caretaker. However, regulation of emotions improves by the rise in the age of a child. The middle stage of childhood allows children to control their emotional reactions. This implies that the child must not cry to refute an action. Instead, speaking and reasoning are incorporated when presenting the response. The emotions experienced during childhood are related to the environment in which a child grows. This essay will explore the emotions that children attain and experience when subjected to different emotions. Extroverts and Introverts Children exposed to outgoing parental treatments could become extroverts and sociable. Consequently, they make friend and sustain their happiness through interactions. The positive emotional skills are retrieved subconsciously from parents during daily shores. The child copies the moods and actions intimately. For instance, if a dependant mother is calm and tolerant to the husband, children could be less aggressive. Additionally, the children could tolerate hardships in accordance to their mother’s tolerance. Consequently, the children could be highly tolerant when performing motherly duties. In reverse, children who are raised by mothers with direct exposure of negative emotions and vulnerability fail to succeed well in life. They are characterized by failure to identify emotions of friends. For instances, they do not note when they are making friend happy or sad. Exposure The environments exposed to children determine the emotions established in their characters. What emotional differences would be expected between twins raised from two distinct families? Assuming one family is rich while the other one is poor, the response reactions and emotions would be significantly different. Probably, the child growing in a wealthy family will have problems to tolerate and face hardships. The child will meet other happy children living under similar conditions. Consequently, the child will be happy, adventurous, and livelier than the twin brother. On the other hand, the child living under harsh conditions will face hardships, receive poor education and miss adventures. Although these attributes deny a child the opportunities to be outgoing, he could attain qualities of tolerance and perseverance. Emotional Neglect There exist childhood forces that retain their intimacy at adulthood. Apparently, these forces reduce the joyous activities that people would like to experience throughout their life. This feeling makes people feel separated and distinct from others. Parents could direct the emotional needs of their children