ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
IGR J17091--3624 is a transient galactic black hole which has a distinct quasi-periodic variability known as `heartbeat', similar to the one observed in GRS 1915+105. In this paper, we report the results of $\sim 125$ ks \textit{AstroSat} observations of this source during the 2016 outburst. For the first time a double peaked QPO (DPQ) is detected in a few time segments of this source with a difference of $\delta f ~\sim12$ mHz between the two peaks. The nature of the DPQ was studied based on hardness ratios and using the static as well as the dynamic power spectrum. Additionally, a low frequency (25--48 mHz) `heartbeat' single peak QPO (SPQ) was observed at different intervals of time along with harmonics ($50-95$ mHz). Broadband spectra in the range $0.7-23$ keV, obtained with \textit{SXT} and \textit{LAXPC}, could be fitted well with combination of a thermal Comptonisation and a multicolour disc component model. During \textit{AstroSat} observation, the source was in the Soft-Intermediate State (SIMS) as observed with \textit{Swift/XRT}. We present a comparative study of the `heartbeat' state variability in IGR J17091--3624 with GRS 1915+105. Significant difference in the timing properties is observed although spectral parameters ($\Gamma\sim2.1-2.4$ and $T_\mathrm{max}\sim0.6-0.8$ keV) in the broad energy band remain similar. Spectral properties of segments exhibiting SPQ and DPQ are further studied using simple phase resolved spectroscopy which does not show a significant difference. Based on the model parameters, we obtain the maximum ratio of mass accretion rate in GRS 1915+105 to that in IGR J17091--3624 as $\sim25:1$. We discuss the implications of our findings and comment on the physical origin of these exotic variabilities.
The frequency dependence of the longitudinal group speeds of trapped sausage waves plays an important role in determining impulsively generated wave trains, which have often been invoked to account for quasi-periodic signals in coronal loops. We examine how the group speeds ($v_{\rm gr}$) depend on angular frequency ($\omega$) for sausage modes in pressureless coronal tubes with continuous transverse density distributions by solving the dispersion relation pertinent to the case where the density inhomogeneity of arbitrary form takes place in a transition layer of arbitrary thickness. We find that in addition to the transverse lengthscale $l$ and density contrast $\rho_{\rm i}/\rho_{\rm e}$, the group speed behavior depends also on the detailed form of the density inhomogeneity. For parabolic profiles, $v_{\rm gr}$ always decreases with $\omega$ first before increasing again, as happens for the much studied top-hat profiles. For linear profiles, however, the behavior of the $\omega-v_{\rm gr}$ curves is more complex. When $\rho_{\rm i}/\rho_{\rm e} \lesssim 6$, the curves become monotonical for large values of $l$. On the other hand, for higher density contrasts, a local maximum $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm max}$ exists in addition to a local minimum $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm min}$ when coronal tubes are diffuse. With time-dependent computations, we show that the different behavior of group speed curves, the characteristic speeds $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm min}$ and $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm max}$ in particular, is reflected in the temporal evolution and Morlet spectra of impulsively generated wave trains. We conclude that the observed quasi-periodic wave trains not only can be employed to probe such key parameters as density contrasts and profile steepness, but also have the potential to discriminate between the unknown forms of the transverse density distribution.
In this paper, we study the structure of projective space bundles whose relative anti-canonical line bundle is nef. As an application, we get a characterization of abelian varieties up to finite etale covering.
The Renormalization Group equation describing the evolution of the metric of the nonlinear sigma model poses some nice mathematical problems involving functional analysis, differential geometry and numerical analysis. In this article we briefly report some results obtained from the numerical study of the solutions in the case of a two dimensional target space (deformation of the $O(3)$ sigma model). In particular, our analysis shows that the so-called sausages define an attracting manifold in the $U(1)$-symmetric case, at one-loop level. Moreover, data from two-loop evolution are used to test the association put forward in Nucl. Phys., B406 (1993) 521 between the so-called $SSM_{\nu}$ field theory and a certain $U(1)$-symmetric, factorized scattering theory (FST).
Classical and semiclassical schemes are presented that are timeless at the primary level and recover time from Mach's `time is to be abstracted from change' principle at the emergent secondary level. The semiclassical scheme is a Machian variant of the Semiclassical Approach to the Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity. The classical scheme is Barbour's, cast here explicitly as the classical precursor of the Semiclassical Approach. Thus the two schemes have been married up, as equally-Machian and necessarily distinct, since quantum change is part of whence the latter's timestandard is abstracted.
For a scheme X, we construct a sheaf C of complexes on X such that for every quasi-compact open subset U of X, C(U) is quasi-isomorphic to the Hochschild complex of the scheme U. Since C is moreover acyclic for taking sections on quasi-compact opens, we obtain a local to global spectral sequence for Hochschild cohomology if X is quasi-compact.
Nonlocality lies at the core of quantum mechanics from both a fundamental and applicative point of view. It is typically revealed by a Bell test, that is by violation of a Bell inequality, whose success depends both on the state of the system and on parameters linked to experimental settings. This leads to find, given the state, optimized parameters for a successful test. Here we provide, for a quite general class of quantum states, the explicit expressions of these optimized parameters and point out that, for a continuous change of the state, the corresponding suitable experimental settings may unexpectedly vary discontinuously. We finally show in a paradigmatic open quantum system that this abrupt "jump" of the experimental settings may even occur during the time evolution of the system. These jumps must be taken into account in order not to compromise the correct detection of nonlocality in the system.
We present electron and phonon spectral functions calculated from determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the half-filled two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model on a square lattice. By tuning the relative electron-electron ($e$-$e$) and electron-phonon ($e$-$ph$) interaction strengths, we show the electron spectral function evolving between antiferromagnetic insulating, metallic, and charge density wave insulating phases. The phonon spectra concurrently gain a strong momentum dependence and soften in energy upon approaching the charge density wave phase. In particular, we study how the $e$-$e$ and $e$-$ph$ interactions renormalize the spectra, and analyze how the interplay of these interactions influence the spectral renormalizations. We find that the presence of both interactions suppresses the amount of renormalization at low energy, thus allowing the emergence of a metallic phase. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the influence of multiple interactions in spectroscopically determining any one interaction strength in strongly correlated materials.
In processes at the energy much higher than electroweak scale, weak boson mass act as the infrared cutoff in weak boson loops and resulting Sudakov log corrections can be as large as 10%. Since electroweak theory is off-diagonally broken gauge theory, its IR structure is quite different from that of QCD. We briefly review recent developments on electroweak Sudakov and discuss on the exponentiation of Sudakov double logs and explicit 2 loop calculations in Feynman gauge.
We study a representation of the (local) plactic monoid given by Schur operators $u_i$, which act on partitions by adding a box in column $i$ (if possible). In particular, we give a complete list of the relations that hold in the algebra of Schur operators.
We give a classification of all non-symplectic automorphisms of prime order p acting on irreducible holomorphic symplectic fourfolds deformation equivalent to the Hilbert scheme of two points on a K3 surface, for p=2,3 and 7\leq p \leq 19. Our classification relates the isometry classes of two natural lattices associated to the action of the automorphism on the second cohomology group with integer coefficients with some invariants of the fixed locus and we provide explicit examples. As an application, we find new examples of non-natural non-symplectic automorphisms.
We employ the conditional version of sandwiched Tsallis relative entropy to determine 1:N-1 separability range in the noisy one-parameter families of pseudopure and Werner-like N-qubit W, GHZ states. The range of the noisy parameter, for which the conditional sandwiched Tsallis relative entropy is positive, reveals perfect agreement with the necessary and sufficient criteria for the separability in the 1:N-1 partition of these one parameter noisy states.
We analyze the LHC phenomenology of lambdaSUSY - a version of NMSSM with a largish SH1H2 coupling. The scalar spectrum of the model contains a 200-300 GeV Higgs boson h with Standard-Model like properties, and heavy CP-even and CP-odd Higgs bosons H and A with masses in 500-800 GeV range. We study the discovery potential of H and A in the decay chains H->hh->4V->2l6j and A->Zh->Z2V->2l4j. The dominant backgrounds are the diffuse Z6j and Z4j productions, which can be suppressed by demanding reconstruction of V's and h's in intermediate states. The excess of signal events allows for a discovery of both H and A with over 5sigma significance for 100 inverse fb of integrated luminosity.
The fragmentation of projectile and spectator matter is studied at different incident energies using an isospin-dependent QMD model with reduced isospin dependent cross-section. The sensitivity of the production of fragments is analyzed using different parametrizations of density dependence of symmetry energy. We shall also highlight the collective response of the momentum dependent interactions(MDI) and symmetry energy towards the fragmentation of colliding nuclei at intermediate energies.
Erd\H{o}s conjectured that 1, 4, and 256 are the only powers of two whose ternary representations consist solely of 0s and 1s. Sloane conjectured that, except for $\{2^0,2^1,2^2,2^3,2^4,2^{15}\}$, every other power of two has at least one 0 in its ternary representation. In this paper, numerical results are given in strong support of these conjectures. In particular, we verify both conjectures for all $2^n$ with $n \leq 2 \cdot 3^{45} \approx 5.9 \times 10^{21}$. Our approach makes use of a simple recursive construction of numbers $2^n$ having prescribed patterns in their trailing ternary digits.
Due to the commonly known impossibility results, unconditional security for oblivious transfer is seen as impossible even in the quantum world. In this paper, we try to overcome these impossibility results by proposing a protocol which is asymptotically secure. The protocol makes use of the basic properties of non-orthogonal quantum states. Apart from security, the advantages of our protocol include the fact that the honest players do not need to have quantum memory or create entanglement between individual qubits. The relation of our work to the known impossibility results is also discussed.
For four newly suggested microscopic equations of state of neutron star matter, we construct equilibrium sequences of rapidly rotating neutron stars in general relativity. The sequences are the normal and supramassive evolutionary sequences of constant rest mass. We find that for these equations of state the maximum (gravitational) mass rotating models occur (in central density and rotation rate $\Omega$) before the maximum--$\Omega$ models. We calculate equilibrium sequences for a constant value of $\Omega$ corresponding to the most rapidly rotating pulsar PSR 1937+21. Also calculated is the radius of the marginally stable orbit and its dependence on $\Omega$.
We calculate the nucleon form factors G_A and G_P of the isovector axial-vector current and the pion-nucleon form factor G_piN in manifestly Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory up to and including order O(p^4). In addition to the standard treatment including the nucleon and pions, we also consider the axial-vector meson a_1 as an explicit degree of freedom. This is achieved by using the reformulated infrared renormalization scheme. We find that the inclusion of the axial-vector meson effectively results in one additional low-energy coupling constant that we determine by a fit to the data for G_A. The inclusion of the axial-vector meson results in an improved description of the experimental data for G_A, while the contribution to G_P is small.
Generation of arbitrarily spin polarized muon pairs is investigated via polarized $e^-e^+$ collision. We calculate the fully spin-resolved cross section ${\rm d}\sigma_{e^-e^+\rightarrow \mu^-\mu^+}$ and utilize the Monte Carlo method of binary collision to describe the production and polarization processes of muon pairs. We find that, due to the dependence of mixed helicities on the scattering angle, arbitrarily polarized muon pairs with both of the longitudinal and transverse spin components can be produced. The collision of tightly collimated electron and positron beams with highly longitudinal polarization and nC charge can generate about $40\%$ muon pairs with longitudinal polarization and about $60\%$ muon pairs with transverse polarization. The compact high-flux $e^-e^+\rightarrow\mu^-\mu^+$ muon source could be implemented through the next-generation laser-plasma linear collider, and would be essential to facilitate the investigation of fundamental physics and the measurement technology in broad areas.
Lattice models with long-range interactions of power-law type are suggested as a new type of microscopic model for fractional non-local elasticity. Using the transform operation, we map the lattice equations into continuum equation with Riesz derivatives of non-integer orders. The continuum equations that are obtained from the lattice model describe fractional generalization of non-local elasticity models. Particular solutions and correspondent asymptotic of the fractional differential equations for displacement fields are suggested for the static case.
Deep learning revolutionized data science, and recently its popularity has grown exponentially, as did the amount of papers employing deep networks. Vision tasks, such as human pose estimation, did not escape from this trend. There is a large number of deep models, where small changes in the network architecture, or in the data pre-processing, together with the stochastic nature of the optimization procedures, produce notably different results, making extremely difficult to sift methods that significantly outperform others. This situation motivates the current study, in which we perform a systematic evaluation and statistical analysis of vanilla deep regression, i.e. convolutional neural networks with a linear regression top layer. This is the first comprehensive analysis of deep regression techniques. We perform experiments on four vision problems, and report confidence intervals for the median performance as well as the statistical significance of the results, if any. Surprisingly, the variability due to different data pre-processing procedures generally eclipses the variability due to modifications in the network architecture. Our results reinforce the hypothesis according to which, in general, a general-purpose network (e.g. VGG-16 or ResNet-50) adequately tuned can yield results close to the state-of-the-art without having to resort to more complex and ad-hoc regression models.
We studied the geometry of the inner (AU-scale) circumstellar environment around the Herbig Be star MWC 147. Combining, for the first time, near- (NIR, K band) and mid-infrared (MIR, N band) spectro-interferometry on a Herbig star, our VLTI/MIDI and AMBER data constrain not only the geometry of the brightness distribution, but also the radial temperature distribution in the disk.   For our detailed modeling of the interferometric data and the spectral energy distribution, we employ 2-D radiation transfer simulations, showing that passive irradiated Keplerian dust disks can easily fit the SED, but predict much lower visibilities than observed. Models of a Keplerian disk with emission from an optically thick inner gaseous accretion disk (inside the dust sublimation zone), however, yield a good fit of the SED and simultaneously reproduce the observed NIR and MIR visibilities. We conclude that the NIR continuum emission from MWC 147 is dominated by accretion luminosity emerging from an optically thick inner gaseous disk, while the MIR emission also contains strong contributions from the outer dust disk.
We analyze the spectra of pions and protons in heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies from 2 A GeV to 65+65 A GeV by using a jet-implemented hadron-string cascade model. In this energy region, hadron transverse mass spectra first show softening until SPS energies, and re-hardening may emerge at RHIC energies. Since hadronic matter is expected to show only softening at higher energy densities, this re-hardening of spectra can be interpreted as a good signature of the quark-gluon plasma formation.
In the light-front milieu, there is an implicit assumption that the vacuum is trivial. By this " triviality " is meant that the Fock space of solutions for equations of motion is sectorized in two, one of positive energy k- and the other of negative one corresponding respectively to positive and negative momentum k+. It is assumed that only one of the Fock space sector is enough to give a complete description of the solutions, but in this work we consider an example where we demonstrate that both sectors are necessary.
An extension of the Standard Model by three right-handed neutrinos with masses smaller than the electroweak scale (the $\nu$MSM) can explain simultaneously dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe, being consistent with the data on neutrino oscillations. A dark matter candidate in this theory is the sterile neutrino with the mass in keV range. We discuss the constraints on the properties of this particle and mechanisms of their cosmological production. Baryon asymmetry generation in this model is reviewed. Crucial experiments that can confirm or rule out the $\nu$MSM are briefly discussed.
Aims: To gain better insight on the physics of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae through studying their environments. Methods: We obtained low-resolution optical spectroscopy with the New Technology Telescope (+ EFOSC2) at the locations of 20 Type Ib/c supernovae. We measure the flux of emission lines in the stellar-continuum-subtracted spectra from which local metallicities are computed. For the supernova regions we estimate both the mean stellar age, interpreting the stellar absorption with population synthesis models, and the age of the youngest stellar populations using the H-alpha equivalent width as an age indicator. These estimates are compared with the lifetimes of single massive stars. Results: Based on our sample, we detect a tentative indication that Type Ic supernovae might explode in environments that are more metal-rich than those of Type Ib supernovae (average difference of 0.08 dex), but this is not a statistically significant result. The lower limits placed on the ages of the supernova birthplaces are overall young, although there are several cases where these appear older than what is expected for the evolution of single stars more massive than 25-30 M_{sun}. This is only true, however, assuming that the supernova progenitors were born during an instantaneous (not continuous) episode of star formation. Conclusions: These results do not conclusively favor any of the two evolutionary paths (single or binary) leading to stripped supernovae. We do note a fraction of events for which binary evolution is more likely, due to their associated age limits. The fact, however, that the supernova environments contain areas of recent (< 15 Myr) star formation and that the environmental metallicities are, at least, not against the single evolutionary scenario, suggest that this channel is also broadly consistent with the observations.
We discuss black hole spin measurements employing the relativistic iron line profiles in the X-ray domain. We investigate the iron line band for two representative sources -- MCG -6-30-15 (active galaxy) and GX 339-4 (X-ray binary). We compare two models of the broad iron line, LAOR and KYRLINE. We realise that the spin is currently determined entirely from the position of the marginally stable orbit while the effect of the spin on the overall line shape would be resolvable with higher resolution X-ray missions. We show that the precision of the spin measurements depends on an unknown angular distribution of the disc emission. We study how sensitive the spin determination is to the assumptions about the intrinsic angular distribution of the emitted photons. We find that the uncertainty of the directional emission distribution translates to 20% uncertainty in the determination of the radius of marginally stable orbit. We perform radiation transfer computations of an X-ray irradiated disc atmosphere (NOAR code) to determine the directionality of outgoing X-rays in the 2-10 keV energy band. Based on these computations, we find that from the simple formulae for the directionality, the isotropic case reproduces the simulated data with the best accuracy. The most frequently used limb-darkening law favours higher values of spin and, in addition, a steeper radial emissivity profile. Furthermore, we present a spectral analysis of an XMM-Newton observation of a Seyfert 1.5 galaxy IRAS 05078+1626 being the first X-ray spectroscopic study of this source. The lack of the significant relativistic blurring of the reflection model component suggests the accretion disc to be truncated at a farther radius.
We discuss some aspects of data management important to cross-wavelength comparison of images and catalogs. We then consider the application of statistics to the general problem of object cross-identification. Finally, two software systems developed as tools to aid the comparison of catalogs and images are briefly presented.
We observed current-voltage characteristics of superconducting single charge transistors with on-chip resistors of R about R_Q = h/4e^2 = 6.45 kOhm, which are explained in terms of Cooper-pair cotunneling. Both the effective strength of Josephson coupling and the cotunneling current are modulated by the gate-induced charge on the transistor island. For increasing values of the resistance R we found the Cooper pair current at small transport voltages to be dramatically suppressed.
We consider a semi-linear integro-differential equation in dimension one associated to the half Laplacian %This model describes the evolution of phase transitions associated to dislocations. whose solution represents the atom dislocation in a crystal. The equation comprises the evolutive version of the classical Peierls-Nabarro model. We show that for a large number of dislocations, the solution, properly rescaled, converges to the solution of a well known equation called by Head \cite{H} "the equation of motion of the dislocation continuum". The limit equation is a model for the macroscopic crystal plasticity with density of dislocations. In particular, we recover the so called Orowan's law which states that dislocations move at a velocity proportional to the effective stress.