ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Keys to the recent success of IBM and its plans to solve the world’s most challenging problems The experience of IBM shows that its “ups” were typically the result of a grand innovation (for example, the first personal computer), which was guided by a successful visionary CEO (Kotler 344). Kotler shows that the CEO, who took up the management in the 21 century, modified IBM’s vision and strategy to correspond to the current situation by shifting it towards software rather than hardware and focusing on the “most challenging high-tech problems” (345). Both these actions may have been risky, but according to Kottler, they paid off. As for the solution of the most challenging problems, IBM is unlikely to resolve them soon, but it is capable of contributing to their solution greatly. Indeed, according to Kotler, the company has all the necessary resources, including finances, technology, and research and development advancement (345). Therefore, IBM’s vision corresponds to the idea of a vision: it is challenging, “almost impossible,” but it works to achieve it will bring tangible results (Kotler 38). IBM’s biggest competitors today and risks they face with their current strategy While IBM began as a monopolist, in the 1980s, the monopoly ended (Kotler 344). Back then the company was primarily concerned with Compaq and Dell as Microsoft and Intel were growing into competitors. Nowadays, the situation appears to be similar, and IBM has to take into account the multiple competitors in the field. Apart from that, companies like Accenture PLC, HP Enterprise Services, LLC, and Wipro Limited should also be regarded as competitors (“IBM” par. 2). From the point of view of the strategy, it is noteworthy that the movement from hardware to software is a more or less established tendency: it appe
Psychologists should indeed study consciousness owing to the fact that it is a major aspect of human wellbeing. The study of consciousness captures a number of key psychological areas such as clinical, experimental, cognitive, social and neuroscience (Velmans 128). In regards to the psychology of consciousness, clinical applications, methodology, research and theory are comparatively studied and therefore, cannot be ignored by psychologists. It is crucial t o mention that the rubric of consciousness covers several traditional topics in psychology that are still interesting and worthy to study. In particular, there are a number of conventional experiences that were sometimes thought to be beyond the confines of consciousness. However, the latter might not be the case because modern studies in psychology have neatly incorporated several topics under consciousness. Hence, consciousness and attention have been fairly modified in order to be in tandem with other related fields in psychology (Velmans 231). From the above outset, it is vivid that consciousness is a valid subject for scientific research since there are a lot of phenomena that still need to be discovered and shared by the psychological community. For instance, scientific research in consciousness can be carried out in automaticity, awareness and attention. Other areas that may be of interest for research study under this domain include measurement of various states of consciousness, phenomenology, socio-cultural impacts on consciousness, relationship between psychopathology and consciousness states, differences among individuals, delusions and hallucinations, mind-wandering, daydreaming and fantasy, placebo effects, modification of consciousness, mindfulness, mediation, suggestibility, suggestion, hypnosis, neuroscience, sensation, perception, memory and processing of information (Velmans 73). The coverage of the above scientific topics falls under the psychology of consciousness. Therefore, it cannot be refuted that consciousness is a valid subject for scientific research because psychologists have not fully exploited the aforementioned study areas. Works Cited Velmans, Max. Understanding consciousness . New York: Routledge, 2009. Print.
WAN Service The Frame Relay service provides for a cost-efficient way to transmit intermittent data between the LAN Network or between two endpoints of a WAN. The Frame Relay service uses Virtual Circuits, which are logical paths between source and destination, for data transmission (Protocols.com, 2009). In the lines below a justification is given for choosing Frame Relay Service over X.25 and ATM. Reasons for Choosing Frame Relay over X.25 Networks Frame Relay provides an attractive alternative to X.25 when it comes to transmitting data over current WAN networks. The first reason for choosing Frame Relay over X.25 is that X.25 was designed for transportation of data over high error rate links Frame Relay, on the other hand, takes advantage of the improved reliability of the communication lines and the increased error handling capability of end devices and does away with several services present in X.25 network including the time-consuming error handling service, hence it offers speeds which are up to 20 times faster than X.25 Networks (Data Connect Enterprise, 2009). The second reason is that Frame Relay is a Layer 2 Network while X.25 is a layer three network which also makes Frame Relay faster and thus preferable (Solution. pro, 2009). The round trip delay time of X.25 networks is also much higher than Frame Relay and only allows for static bandwidth allocation, contrary to Frame Relay networks which permit the dynamic allocation of the bandwidth (Wang, 2002 p.37). X.25 circuits, however, offer an advantage over Frame Relay, as they do allow for their initiation and termination from user terminals in contrast to Frame Relay circuits which can only be set up at the time of installation. This advantage, however, is not very useful in WAN configuration ( Data Comm for Business, 2009) and we have chosen to give less weight to it thus preferring Frame Relay over X.25. Reasons for Choosing Frame Relay over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks Asynchronous Transfer Mode or ATM standard was released after X.25 and Frame Relay and offers several advantages and some major disadvantages over Frame Relay. ATM has been designed to handle data as well as video and voice traffic in real-time, which can occur at the same time (TechFAQ, 2009). The First advantage of ATM is that it can emulate direct circuits between source and destination and can guarantee bandwidth for connections, a feature that lacks in frame relay, and one of the main reasons for choosing ATM over Frame Relay. ATM also allows for flexible bandwidth allocation which can go from few megabytes up to gigabytes (Exforsys Inc., 2009). However, ATM does have a disadvantage because of its large header size, which is about 10% of the basic unit of ATM transport,
Introduction In the modern, fast-paced world, stress is unavoidable, and it affects relationships between people. Various kinds of stresses and strains are one of the biggest and most common problems in any loving relationship. This problem can occur even from a minor misunderstanding between partners, and as people are egoistic in most cases, it is much easier for them to blame their partner. According to the results of the survey conducted by the American Institute of Stress in 2014, more than 25% of respondents claimed that they felt alienated from their partners, family members, or friends because of stress, and more than 50% of respondents stated that they had major quarrels with their dearests under the influence of stress. Thus, it is crucial for people to learn how to manage their stress and not create strains in their relationships (Bodenmann et al., 2015). Types of Stress Traditionally, in psychology, there are three main types of stress, the principal difference between which lies in the frequency of its occurrence. The first type is acute stress that appears and disappears quickly and is caused by a suddenly arisen problem. The second type is episodic acute stress, which is recurrent and is caused by problems that occasionally appear in people’s lives. The third type is chronic stress, that is the most dangerous kind of stress, as it affects a particular person and their entire milieu. One more dangerous aspect of this type of stress is that people usually get used to it, and it is much more difficult to get rid of it. Additionally, chronic stress can even kill a person through violence, diseases, and suicide (Rholes, 2017). In romantic relationships, conventionally, stress can be divided into two types: the one that is directly connected to the partners’ everyday life and problems, and the other one that is caused by external circumstances such as problems at work or incidents in traffic congestion. As for the former, it is simply inevitable in any relationship; therefore, people must learn how to deal with it in order not to spoil their relationships. As for the latter, as a rule, people want to abstract from the external stress and not to bring it to their families, but they rarely succeed in it (Bodenmann et
Raising funds, scholarships, and budgets in college sport should be carried out with consideration of talents, skills, and students’ aptness, but not with consideration of gender. Despite the existing legislature, there are a great number of stereotypes and prejudices that are historically and socially predetermined. The development of women’s sports dates back s to 1972, the time when Title IX has passed to enforce equality and fairness in funding sports. Although this provision sounds noble and persuasive, many inconsistencies and unpredicted consequences arise on the basis of these regulations. Therefore, College should introduce complete equity in accessing sporting activities irrespective of gender because it can create wider opportunities for women to fulfill themselves, as well as justify the contemporary trends in gender equality movement. College athlete programs fail to receive sufficient federal and financial support due to the ambiguity of the original law. Therefore, the government should take greater control of funding to ensure equal access of males and females to sporting activities. According to Title IX of Public Law, No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance” (No. 92-318). Although this rule is officially recognized, there is no actual measures taken to introduce equal funding and budgeting for both male and female students studying at college. Each person regardless of sex has the right to freedom and equality in self-expression and self-determination. Therefore, all people should be able to access any type of sport activities. Promoting equal funding will liberate women from false stereotypes and prejudices about their skills and abilities, as well as provide an opportunity for them to demonstrate strength and persistence in making decisions. Therefore, such types of sports as basketball, football, box, or arm wrestling could even attract more spectators and supporters, which contribute to the prosperity of business in sport. Moreover, it can also attract more investors. According to Gee, women can have similar changes to make contributions to sport in general because “American females brought home more hardware than did their male counterparts” (n. p.). These medals were won in boxing, which proves that college budget should be equally allocated among males and females. Providing scholarship support both to male and female students can create underpinnings for exterminating gender discrimination, as well as providing new incentives for intellectual fulfillment. Ensuring sufficient financial support of female sports does not necessarily imply budget reductions in males’ sports. As Carlson states, emergence and rapid development of women’s sports contributes positively to social change (n. p.). In particular, “female
Background: Rural-urban migration and youth in Bhutan Rural-urban migration is a universal concern across the globe. Just like other nations, Bhutan is experiencing mass movement of people, especially youths from rural to urban areas. The bulk of Bhutan’s population is composed of the youth. Actually, more than half of Bhutan population is aged below 25 years. Due to the increasing youth population, the government faces a challenge of ensuring equilibrium between contemporary beliefs and modernity. Bhutan is experiencing massive changes in its personnel due to rural-urban migration. In addition, the mass movement of people to urban areas has led to unemployment and poverty in urban centers. According to the 2012 labor survey, over 0.7% of the rural populace migrated to towns. Further, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization showed that about 33% of Bhutan populace is in deficiency of food safety. The poverty analysis report (2007) exhibited that approximately one-third of the rural populace is poor compared to 2% in the urban areas. Over the last fifty years, Bhutan has experienced rapid growth of its urban areas due to mass movement of populace from the countryside to urban areas. This trend is a major public concern to the state and the government has experienced a number of obstacles in tackling the challenge of rural-urban migration (Rinzin et al., 2005). A number of factors have been proposed in explaining the trend (Yeung, 2005). Bhutan’s urban populace augments at a yearly rate of 6.5 percent. The prolonged rural-urban inclination is expected to grow four-fold in the coming twenty years, among which a significant proportion are youth. Studies contend that increased need for education by youth has been a significant factor in influencing the movement of people to towns as well as the growth of urban settlements within Bhutan (Kasarda, 2001). Rural-urban migration has affected negatively on the development of the rural economy. For instance, a number of youths who migrate to urban centers deprive the rural economy of productive labor that is a significant factor of production leading low agricultural performance and high production costs (Kasarda, 2001). The movement of youths to towns can also be attributed to Bhutan landscape that ranges from subtropical plains to sub-alpine Himalayan Mountains as well as rugged geographical terrains making farming difficult. According to the Human Development Report (2009), Bhutan accounts for the highest rate of rural-urban migration in South Asia. The government acknowledged the positive impact of the trend since it allevia
Introduction Teachers are always on the look out for new and better ways to educate the students. When children enjoy it, they have a propensity to learn better. Well-designed animations may enhance the learning process of students making it faster and easier. They are also an excellent aid to teachers in case of monotonous and sometimes boring subjects like history. With the aid of computer animations, the drudgery of both learning and teaching can be reduced to a very great extent. The insertion of animation offers more variety in the instruction technique and thus promotes various kinds of learning not only in the discipline of history but also others which are included in the educational curriculum. To achieve this goal, moving pictures, and in this case Animation, must be used effectively as a teaching tool in the school system. The development of interest in the subject will be greatly enhanced if there is a close partnership between the animators and teachers in designing the desired syllabus with the acquaintance of the tools of animation. Pictures used in animation are not only an artistic way of expression but have also transcended the barriers of communication and have become an international language. The language of pictures has become a necessary tool in order to develop the ability to read and understand and thus cope with the historical world of the past. Since children and especially students spend most of their day in the company of moving pictures, education through this interesting medium has the potential of becoming their main source of information, entertainment and identity. The language of pictures can be equally effective for academically weaker students because this language will enhance their potential to comprehend better than before and thereby providing them with an alternative way of expression. Teachers in schools must inculcate the practices of using animation to teach and should get acquainted with moving pictures by means of a training program. For the past 20 years, the technical conditions for including animation and moving pictures as a technique of instruction, in the European school system have been present and the growing technological progress is constantly making it easier. The cause why animation still does not play a major part in teaching can be attributed to the lack of computer education and training of the teachers. Teachers should be equipped with the basic knowledge of animation so that they feel comfortable and secure when using it a tool for teaching. Educational animations Educational animations are animations created for the explicit purpose of nurturing learning. The recognition of employing animations to facilitate learners to comprehend and retain information has sign
The job description of registered case manager nurses is explicitly correlated with the soft skill of finding a unique approach to the patient in order to secure long-term and efficient treatment. For this reason, prior to making any treatment decision, the nurses are to carefully consider every option regarding the patient’s case. The notion of evidence-based practice, which stands for integrating the relevant scholarly research, patient values, and professional expertise, is, thus, highly efficient in choosing an appropriate intervention (LoBiondo-Wood et al., 2018). One of the most common critiques of evidence-based practice concerns the fact that finding scholarly proof is a time-consuming endeavor, whereas time is a priceless commodity in clinical expertise. However, as far as the RN case managers are concerned, the planning of the long-term individual treatment may require additional research prior to submitting the most beneficial option. For this reason, it is advisable RN case managers address relevant research and patients’ perception of treatment in order to reach a consensus. A common example of employing evidence-based practice in the decision-making process is the choice of treatment options for patients with collateral chronic health conditions. In such cases that happen quite frequently in one’s practice, it is vital to conduct preliminary research and estimate whether the treatment plan would not interfere with the patient’s health state in the long-term perspective. Moreover, thorough consideration of evidence-based nursing intervention may potentially lead to quality improvement endeavors aiming at altering the overall approach to treatment and practice in a specific setting (LoBiondo-Wood et al., 2018). Hence, it may be concluded that the consideration of evidence-based treatment implications is of paramount importance for the formation of the RN case managers’ individualistic approach to the patients’ cases. Reference LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., & Titler, M. G. (2018). Evidence-based practice for nursing and healthcare quality improvement. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Introduction Brand association is an information strategy that is used to create meaning for a particular brand using mental images or symbols to enhance customer association (Xie, Li, & Wang 2008). The brand association plays a major role in nurturing imagery or symbolic association among customers. One the other hand, the consumer’s intention in buying a product revolves around satisfying his or her needs. Nonetheless, the two aspects cannot be separately interpreted due to their direct relationship. For example, maximum levels of profit by the retailer can only be achieved only when the product fulfils the level of expectation of the consumers in satisfying their needs and wants. Based on the literature review that this paper presents, brand association plays a significant role in the consumer and the retailer. Therefore, different but related approaches should be used in determining the position of a brand. Many companies have deployed celebrities to market their brands, thanks to the fame and popularity of the icons that make people prefer being associated with brands that bear the celebrities’ names. Manny Pacquiao, Michael Jordan, and Tiger Woods are among the icons who have helped when it comes boosting the performance of various companies’ brands. Hence, the paper uses the case of Nike Company to show how celebrity endorsement of Michael Jordan has influenced the company’s Air Jordan Brand. Literature Review Concept Review and Mind Map Brand association broadly comprises various sub-types that collectively determine the position of a particular product in the market. These tools include advertisements, celebrity endorsements, worker-client affairs, commodity/service fee, product worth, consumer reimbursement, entrants’ merchandise or services, product categorisation, and product exhibit. To guarantee the success of the brand, the manufacturer has to consider the relative positions of each facet in the prevailing market conditions and draw out a map that represents the overall brand value (Mathapati 2014). Brand value constitutes the ability to assist in the retrieval of information, ability to differentiate the product, capacity to provide the customer or retailer with a reason to buy, and the capacity to create positive feelings to the customer. Thus, brand value can be measured by determining the contribution of each type of association to each value concept. For instance, as Mathapati (2014) reveals, a product of good quality can assist the consumer in determining the functionality or durability of a product, differentiate the product with a substitute or competitor product, give a great reason for the customer to buy, and/or create positive feelings to the customer. The Appendix section shows this information, including my model of concepts. Types of Brand Association Strategies Employee –Customer Relations Also referred to as brand pe