ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The process of country development varies in different parts of the world and can provide valuable insight into steps and legislation that can be implemented to enhance growth. Botswana is among the most remarkable countries in the African region because it is an example of economic success. This policy brief aims to provide information about Botswana, analyze its economic development and existing issues, and offer recommendations for improvement. Background The Republic of Botswana is located in South Africa and is a remarkable example of rapid economic development. The country gained its independence in 1966 and since then has been enhancing its policies (Hillbom 2015). Prior to this, it was a British colony, as part of the Bechuanaland Protectorate. The colonial history of this country affected its development in the subsequent years because it played a role in determining the specific industries that the state could emphasize. Two million inhabitants are living in Botswana, while the population growth rate is estimated at 1,7% (Hillbom 2015). Currently, the primary issue that should be addressed is poverty because, despite economic growth, the majority of Botswana’s population is unable to provide for themselves. Development Experience and Recommendations Botswana’s economy is influenced by the political and social environments of the country and region. As was previously mentioned, it became independent fifty-three years ago, which allowed the country to adopt new strategies and approaches to policies. In general, the World Bank considers the country to be a democracy with a variety of political forces affecting the legislation (“The World Bank In Botswana” 2018). Thus, new policies that should encourage economic growth can be easily implemented by the government. It is necessary to review the development experience to understand the implications of this progress. In the past, diamonds were essential for the country’s economy (Bolt & Hillbom 2016). Additionally, in the post-colonial years, cattle breeding was among the critical components of welfare for this state. This is connected to the colonial history of Botswana, which had a significant impact on the economy. This historical component played a role in the process because after acquiring independence the citizens had to adapt to new social and political conditions. Due to effective policies, Botswana is among the most successful African countries. In recent years, the economy of the country has been growing by 5% annually, and currently, the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018 was estimated at $6,33 billion (“The World Bank In Botswana” 2018). This provides an understanding of the efficiency that the existing governmental approaches have. The primary industries that are developed in Botswana are mining, construction, services, and public investments (“The World Bank In Botswana” 2018). Minerals have a significant role in this state, which facilitated rapid growth. Beef used to be the primary export product in the first years of independence. In 1974, Botswana was able to mine and sell minerals, which created a
The analysis of the character Beccka is presented using several elements of literature to bring out the hidden traits of the young girl. According to the text, the young girl carries childhood characteristics that are common to many children within her age group. Just like many children, Beccka’s actions bring joy and happiness to the adults, and she can therefore be symbolically referred to as a bundle of joy’ to the parents and community members. Besides, the girl’s inquisitive nature is similar to the curiosity held by many children. Questions among children are considered normal, especially due to the urge to understand the origins of everything and why operations take a specific course. The analysis uses the metaphor of a “sponge” to explain the actual nature of children in sourcing for information. The use of a sponge makes it more convincing to the reader of the actual character of the child. Beccka, therefore, acts like other normal children with multiple questions to increase her knowledge about life and other forms of existence. It is expected that children should appreciate the answers provided to them by adults. Young children usually possess some form of trust and believe the answers provided to them. Therefore, they cannot be expected to be interrogative and excessively inquisitive. The analysis is provided in first-person narration, a style that enhances a story’s authenticity and validity (Damrosch 37). The author provides a first-person narration that analyses the character traits of Beccka from the viewpoint of other analysts, and as generated from personal critiques. The point of view of the text generates the narrator’s perception and understanding of the young girl, who seems to have unique traits, which are concealed from many analysts. The narrator uses some connotation to change the mood of the story. As the plot progresses, the girl is perceived to have hidden traits. While the first part of the analysis brings the normality of the child with an urge to learn, the second part questions this normality. The girl is brought forward as an intelligent and wise child, who is not limited to the level of understanding of other young girls. Unlike other young girls, Beccka appears excessively inquisitive and interrogative, an uncommon trait among children. Although she appears to interrogate adults in a joking manner, she maintains her eagerness to learn and test the understanding of the adults. The narrator identifies uncertainty as to the possible cause of her
My Wood Forster is oddly delighted and dejected by his newly bought ‘wood’. He takes his ‘wood’ as a dishonor upon his standards, besides, the property is a burden and a source of shame. However, he is slightly satisfied with new possession, as this is the first private land he has ever owned. Forster attempts to elucidate the physiological consequences of property on the owner. Property ownership has four negative effects: it makes the owner greedy; it makes the person want more and more until he can achieve the impossible; the owner becomes arrogant, and he becomes self-centered. Who Owns the Mountains? Van Dyke mainly deals with true ownership of property in this essay. He addresses the issue of property ownership by referring to the Mountains, which he describes with so much passion that according to his explanation of property ownership, they belong to him. He views property ownership from a religious point of view, likening true ownership of the property to God’s ownership of earth: He has given away all his Creations and does not possess any title deeds. His only possession is the perfect understanding, joy, and love for all He made, and this is an ideal example of true ownership. Discussion The thesis for My Wood is ‘property ownership can cause spiritual poverty’, while that for Who Owns the Mountains becomes ‘true ownership of a property is not bestowed unto the owner’. The two theses resemble each other as they both touch on property ownership. However, they differ in the journey towards acquiring property and the effects on the owner. Van Dyke asserts that an item is truly owned if the owner can take it to his inner life by understanding it, showing appreciation, compassion, and adoration. He dismisses the notion that simply paying up for property makes one the owner, he goes on to write that the one person who tends to the purchased items with passion is the true owner. He gives examples of Pomposus Silverman and Honorable Midas Bond as examples of people who purchased expensive and rare treasures, but they are not the true owners of such items. They belong to those who hold them, dear, in this case, the art students and Bücherfreund, Silverman’s employee, respectively. Possession of wealth can make one miss out on the real wealth of spiritual fulfillment. Forster also goes further than just ownership of the property; he informs us of the negative traits associated with owning property and the effects of an endeavor to own a lot of property. As the thesis states, the quest to own property can make one be selfish and separate himself from the world thinking he has all he needs. He exemplifies Ahab, who did not need the vines but planted them around his property to keep off intruders. Besides selfishness, property ownership gives one a restless mind that originates
What is the primary composition/ownership pattern of the private sector in most developing countries? Is the existing ownership pattern a major constraint towards building appropriate institutions for market efficiency? Why or why not? Governments, both in the developed and developing countries, should create policies that support institutions that foster the efficiency and stability of their market. All countries should focus on creating standards that protect citizens and prevent the introduction of harmful products that affect human health. In Tanzania, for instance, institutions are expected to have a quality inspection at a fee (Tanzi, 2011). In the agricultural sector, all imports and expert are registered by the Tanzania Food and Drug Authority. Tanzanian Atomic Energy Commission conducts the final inspection before the products are released to the people. It is also the responsibility of the government to train and educate its citizens in order to make them understand the market and their roles in improving the efficiency of the market. Liquidity problems are faced by most developing countries due to limited budget allocation by serving governments. In order to create efficient markets and institutions, governments are expected to secure financial viability. The private sectors, in most developing countries, consist, of partnerships that involve large organizations. This form of ownership has steered development in poverty-stricken countries because it creates funds for institutions. When partners in an institution or a well-known company implement this, it is easily accepted by the local community. Such companies also help the institutions to raise funds so that they can attain a large number of people. Due to the fact that most companies seek to improve public relations, there are more opportunities for institutions to partner with such companies in order to achieve mutual benefit. In the textbook of Todaro and Smith (2012), it is noted that the burden of corruption falls disproportionately on the poor. Therefore, combatting corruption could be one of the development strategies for reducing poverty. To what extent does this strategy appropriate in reducing poverty in a developing country? Provide examples in your response. Combating corruption helps in reducing poverty in developing countries. Corruption affects all government sectors because it heavily relies on a country’s leadership (Spector, 2005). Nigeria is one of the developing countries that suffer from poverty because of corruption. Other developing countries that were at the same level as Nigeria such as Rwanda, have now improved their economy due to new incorruptible leaders. Currently, Rwanda is trying to use its resources to connect to all African countries and do business with them. As a result, it has its own airline that connects to most African countries. However, it takes longer to register a company in Nigeria than in Rwanda because one is expected to pay bribes to the registrar before completing the registration. This hinders foreign investments hence t
Introduction Many problems develop at the headquarters for companies that go globally. Some of the problems include those concerned with management, planning, and implementation as well as assessment problems. For instance, when a company commences marketing its products globally, it comes across several obstacles. Such hindrances are more pronounced because there are several crosses like those of languages, policy, and administration changes from one country to another. (Ralph, 1992) If we take an example at the moment, the conversion of a company to be marketed in the global world will frequently come across different cultural, ethnic, and ethical challenges together with linguistics. Recent research indicates that most companies face this as one of the greatest challenges for going global. This perhaps is due to language barriers which call for several actions to be taken in the planning processes. (Mintzberg, 1994) Global companies are supposed to familiarize themselves with the different kinds of languages existing in the different parts of the world. So, this necessitates the headquarters of the particular companies to plan for several countries on how to make such language translations. This is further made complex, as it is well known that many countries do not have one specific language which is entirely used by the citizens in those countries, this creates a more complex planning problem on how to cater for the whole community in a particular the country. The overseers of Motorola Company The overseers of the company work under the obligations of planning for the translation of products and the company’s name which becomes sometimes difficult. They not only face it hard in planning for the translation of product and company’s name, but they also find it not very much welcoming while they plan for placement of advertising slogans and messages as they want to market their products. (Mintzberg, 1994) Furthermore, it is said that the planning strategy is a very important tool in the success of any business such as Motorola Company; this is not always the case. Although the planning process is put in place for the best intentions to be achieved at the end of the day, the planning strategy process gets off track. This is because sometimes the planning board jumps from the mission to strategic development without sufficient time to determine the critical indicators embodied in the mission. This develops as a result of the urgency of some business matters which are required for implementation to save the operations of the business stores in the different places in different countries. It is also shown that this company operates massive volumes of work such as manufacturing, marketing, and advising its core customers on the operation of their gadgets. The larger work volumes create a complex chain which at the end of the day, brings a problem in communication. Top managements fail to com
Introduction Instagram is a service that is quintessential to all companies and individuals in the globe. It offers its users online photo-sharing and social networking services, such that they can take photographs and apply digital filters to them.Thereafter, they can share these pictures with their friends and colleagues in other social media sites like Twitter and Facebook. Sidra Medical and Research Centre plans to open an account in instagram in a bid to let people know about the activities of the hospital, its scholarship program, events as well as social activities. This paper presents a one-year strategic plan for Sidra’s account in the networking site. This is important for all people wishing to visit Sidra, as they can learn about it and its activities from the site. The hospital will also get feedback regarding its services from the site. Executive Summary The Aim of This Plan With this plan, we intend to grow to a higher level, by increasing people’s awareness regarding Sidra. Organizational Mission Sidra Medical and Research Centre will provide patients with world-class healthcare services in an innovative and state-of-the-art facility specially designed to promote healing. In particular, it will initially address the growing need for more comprehensive patient-focused medical services for women and children in Qatar and throughout the region. In collaboration with the premier medical school in Education City, leading research institutions worldwide, and Qatar’s health sector, Sidra will provide a diversity and quality of care conducive to training medical students and highly skilled clinicians, and will be a pioneer in clinical and translational biomedical research of value to the population of Qatar and the world. Organizational Vision Sidra Medical and Research Centre will be a beacon of learning, discovery and exceptional care, ranked among the top academic medical centres in the world. Core Organizational Competencies Our key organizational competencies are good management, quality leadership and remarkable coordination. Core Values   * Integrity – we always act in an open manner and are truthful; in all that we do   * Accountability – we work with open staffs that are responsible for all their actions   * Collaboration – we work together in a cooperative manner, with the recognition that combined efforts ach
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of symptoms suffered by a baby dependent on drugs (due to mother). The drug dependency of an infant makes this problem havoc for the infants. Approximately every medicine or drug parent intakes during the pregnancy period her’s get transferred to the unborn baby through the mother’s blood. This makes the infant baby get addicted to the drug her mother intakes. In cases when a mother takes narcotics or other such addictives, the unborn baby will be addicted to the same even after the birth. Since after the birth, the drugs which were available to him in the pregnancy period, will not be available now and so his need would not be satisfied anymore because he is now addicted to the stuff he was intaking while in pregnancy period. This will lead to his disorder in the central nervous system and hence there will be stimulation in the baby’s central nervous system and gastrointestinal system because of the nontrespassing of the drug supply as it was before. Opiates and cocaine are the major drugs that lead to this problem. Some more such types of drugs are amphetamine, alcohol, ethanol, Diphenhydramine, Chlordiazepoxide, SSRIs, Marijuana, etc. different types of opiates and narcotics are meperidine, heroin, codeine, and morphine. Neonatal abstinence syndrome can be classified into two-prenatal Neonatal abstinence syndrome and postnatal Neonatal abstinence syndrome Prenatal Neonatal abstinence syndrome refers to the symptoms in the baby before his birth, that is, when the baby intakes the drugs supplied to him via mother. All that his mother takes into her get fed to the unborn baby as well through her blood. This condition of the infant baby is known as prenatal Neonatal abstinence syndrome. While postnatal Neonatal abstinence syndrome refers to the condition of the baby after birth. This implies the conditions suffered by the baby when his supply of drugs is cut off. This affects severely the baby’s health. Traditionally, Neonatal abstinence syndrome was used to describe the withdrawal of opioids but now this definition has been changed and expanded to other drugs as well, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and alcohol. SSRIs are used to treat depression and other behavioral disorders. Babies affected by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during the last pregnancy period may exhibit Neonatal abstinence syndrome. All this is manifested as the central nervous system, motor, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Different studies have demonstrated that smoking cigarette during the pregnancy period increases the hazard of having a low birth weight baby. Neonatal abstinence syndrome born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy on an average weighs 175-275 grams less at birth than Neonatal abstinence syndrome born to mothers who do not smoke during pregnancy. Research demonstrates that babies of mothers get affected by nicotine outtake those who all smoke during their pregnancy period theirs. Babies who have been addicted to tobacco are found to be more impulsive and have asceticism signs. The drug opiates produce the most striking effects on the mother
Humanities These are disciplines in academics that are used to assess the human condition. This is normally done using methods that involve analysis, critical thinking and speculation. These methods of inquiry are different from the empirical approaches that are usually adopted for the natural sciences. Examples of humanities include history, literature, music, religion and arts. Languages, both the ancient and modern, are also humanities (Fiero, 2011). Distinguishing the humanities from other modes of human inquiry and expression Humanities differ from other academic disciplines that study the human condition since they use methods that involve speculation, analysis and critique. Other modes of human inquiry and expression use methods that involve the empirical approach. Such approaches are employed in natural sciences and they need to have testable variables and predictions about various aspects of the universe. Such studies may be explained rationally or logically, differing from the humanities. Empirical approaches, employed by other modes of inquiry, utilize the empirical approach that requires evidence or observable events that need the use of senses. A current example of each type of the following humanities and an explanation of why each example given reflects current developments in politics, socioeconomics, and technology:  1. Art – art has evolved with time and has experienced improvements owing to the fact that technology plays a great part in art now. At the beginning of the 21 st century, critiques and historians realized the difference in the methods of artistic works. The historians described this as post modern. This expression has been used to describe the different styles of making art. One way this art has been changed is through the copying of masterpieces of the past and using current technology that involves the use of computers. Today’s art does not contain the traditional aspect of the past and their uses differ from those of the past. Today’s art (contemporary art) differ from the traditional art in that the content of the art is of more significance than the material or form utilized in its making. Today’s artists seek to involve the viewers conceptually through the use of innovative ideas and issues (Levi, 1970). Today’s advancements in art include computerized and digitized art. This computerized art is used as a major form of human expression. This can be accredited to the technological advancement to the computer age. The first computers were developed and with time, there were several advancements that saw the development of more sophisticated software. Computers have also allowed the easy manipulation of large amounts of data. Technology has also played a great role in making the art easily available to the people interested in it. People can now access art from the internet in the comforts of their homes. The World Wide Web has enabled people access art galleries to choose the pieces they want. Museums have also been seen trying to incorporate technology in their methods of displaying and advertising their pieces of art. This