ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Social media and various apps have tremendous addictive potential because people cannot stop receiving imaginary approval or consume an endless amount of unnecessary information, thus shortening life. Many people spend too much time on their phones, especially on specific apps, such as Tik Tok, Snapchat, Instagram, and others, when they could be doing something much more productive. Consequently, in order to not spend the whole life looking in hand, it is necessary to wake and live in a real, not a virtual world, using the phone only for truly necessary reasons. Social networks, as mentioned earlier, make people addicted and have a significant risk of subjection. There are several reasons for it, one of which is the effect on the brain’s pleasure centers (Anderson and Rainie, 2018). In particular, on Instagram, the person receives enjoyable emotions from approval marks; as a result, he or she has a desire to publish and receive a new positive response endlessly. A human can spend hours updating the feed in order to see new likes under the publication. In this case, if you are so hungry for people’s approval, don’t post your brand-new snickers on Instagram – just ask your mom and you will be rewarded by the most precious “like” in your life. If you are lucky enough, your mom “reposts” to your grandma and you will be drowning in the sea of love and approval. Thus, why seek love from random strangers? If you find the basis for the brain’s pleasure centers in truly useful things, for example, in the pages for learning a new language, time will no longer be wasted. Posts in social media frequently have the highest degree of bias, which in turn is reflected in the low degree of accuracy of online portraits of people. Instagram creates life in miniature, and frequently, the owners of accounts themselves cannot define where the reality is and where the fiction of their online portraits is. The business person on Instagram is frequently a 15-years-old geek playing video games and missing classes. Realizing that there is no need to strive for an equally perfect picture in a profile because each person is unique, it is possible to escape this addiction. Working in the mode of a constant flow of information and replacing each other emotional impressions, the brain gets extremely tired. Not surprisingly that the hallmark of our generation is the ability to get tired of doing nothing. Without having time to fully open your eyes, you are already inserting the phone and looking at the tape with a stream of meaningless information, don’t you? Your emotions do not receive development in response to incoming feelings since it requires time and peace, which are absent in the conditions of convulsive assimilation of information (Anderson and Rainie, 2018). Besides, all this online chatting makes you change the masks all the time; while at a late party and receiving a message from your sad friend, just by switching from one chat to another, you can turn from a party animal into an empathic and supportive friend. However, in a hurry to be heard by people on the Internet, you lose p
Introduction The problems facing the children internationally include internet child pornography and child labor. These are problems widespread across the globe because of abating of the vices by government officials of various states and instability of various policy frameworks set by the governments. Also, the social malpractices like bribery have also led to the laxity in dealing with the menace. There is a need for the involvement of the community and organization of goodwill, in the alleviation of poverty and suffering of children. This owes to the fact that poverty is the root cause of child abuse. Internet child pornography The internet is a virtual platform for the predation of children by the unscrupulous people. The people who propagate this vice act illegally, given that it is hard to apprehend them legally. This owes to the fact that different countries have their jurisdictions and internet space. This makes it difficult for identifying, arresting, and prosecution of these criminals. Moreover, not every nation is a signatory to the international internet protocol pact. Therefore, some countries allow the practice in their jurisdiction. Sanderson (2007, 23) posits that lack of funding also contributes to the low legal response to this vice. This aggravates the situation because the legal practitioners, who ought to investigate the suspects, accept bribes, and let the suspects go unpunished. Child labor This is the forced working of children at attender age, usually between the age of 5 and 14 years. This arises from the low financial status of families. This is because their parents forcefully bond some children because they have no power to object. Furthermore, young children may not be aware of the problem until later in life. This practice denies the children the chance of attending school; hence, they grow as illiterates. This affects every aspect of their lives, including their financial stability. The practice is usually concealed. Hence it becomes difficult for the policy enforcers to crack down on the propagators of these criminals. Hugh (2009, 35) posits that the consent of the parents of the children to the vice aggravates the situation. However, financial instability is the overriding causal problem. Therefore, it is incumbent upon all governments to boost the economic and financial welfare of its citizenry to avert the vice. Children can also be abducted and subjected to forced labor by the abductors. The children are compelled to work in adverse conditions detrimental to their health and safety. The children are also denied freedom of expression to suppress complaints from the children. Indeed, they are also denied the freedom of movement, given that they may escape (Chris, 2007, 51). This makes the children afraid and traumatized; hence; they are forever victims of circumstance. They do not receive any compensation for the services they offer. Remedial measures for Internet child pornography There is a
Although cheating is considered a “bad thing”, there are no clear pointers as to who are prone to cheating. The general agreement is that everybody is capable of cheating. According to Dachis (Par.2), a consideration of why people make a fearful choice is crucial in understanding why people cheat. In this essay, I assess some of the causes of cheating among different people and the effects of their actions. Dachis asserts that cheating occurs because people are afraid that the alternative to cheating would possibly result in worse experiences. Adams further asserts students cheat in examinations in order to get good grades and avoid failing. He argues that students also cheat in order to secure admission to prestigious colleges of their choice and to please their parents by posting good grades. Pressure from the society to perform well in examination also results in cheating among students (Par.3). Cheating happens when the risk of being caught does not seem frightening like the risk of failing. Combinations of pressure to perform well and forced activities are the major causes of cheating. Forced or compulsory schooling promotes cheating. Students are continuously being told on the value of good grades. Basically, grades are the only motivator for students who view schooling as forced work, boring, and purposeless. Consequently, they advance their way out of the system and into freedom by ensuring they post good grades through cheating (Dachis Par.4). People cheat because they perceive the outcome to be more attractive than failure. A subjective external environment can cause pressure for a person to perform thus resulting to cheating. However, it is baffling to understand why some people would continue cheating even after succeeding and the need to continue cheating is no longer there. Dachis (Par.8) argues that there are some self-destructive people who like pushing things to the edge. He further argues that other people are risk-seekers who enjoy the pleasure that comes with the risk of cheating. Other people cheat because they enjoy the feeling of power that comes with getting away with things they should not have. Many people have been left wondering why a smart student capable of passing an examination would resort to cheating. In the world of sports, a lot of people have been perplexed by the tendencies of great teams to cheat despite prior warning regarding the consequences of cheating. It has baffled many people as to why people would choose to cheat in circumstances where the disadvantages of cheating far much outweigh the benefits. A student may have the entire examination cancelled, or in some cases he or she may be discontinued from school. Cheating in sports may also give a slight edge in a game but may result in huge fines, suspensions, stripping off the medals or awards worn, or even a lifet
Introduction The novel Emma vividly portrays the life of women and their values, problems and destinies, happy moments and life grievances. The novel portrays life of society and relations between men and women, their attitude towards marriage and the role of women in society. Emma Woodhouse, the main character of the novel, “handsome, clever, and rich,” dominates her story with an energy and confidence which distinguishes her from the other heroines. Main text The main part I like the most is the beginning of the novel when Jane Austin introduces Emma and her surrounding. Emma has those external supports of beauty, money, and a comfortable home to express her sense of superiority. Her sister, Elizabeth, is handsome, and many are richer. Emma, more completely than Elizabeth, seems “to unite some of the best blessings of existence.” Emma’s joy in being “so always first and always right,” as if those two conditions were the same, displays her belief in a direct correspondence between her qualities and her position, her confidence that she merits those blessings of existence. I appreciate this part the most because Austin depicts a real girl in contrast to other writers of this period who portray poor or unhappy women who suffer all their life because of male oppression and inequalities. As she so memorably informs Mr. Knightley at the end of the story, “I always deserve the best treatment, because I never put up with any other.” In the course of the novel, Emma, like Captain Wentworth in Persuasion, will learn to brook being happier than she deserves. But what does this mean? Of what does her education consist? From Emma’s own words, we know that the novel can hardly be read as a lesson in humility. Emma does not learn that she deserves less than the best treatment. Perhaps, she learns that the best treatment is not a matter of deserts, that in her high self-evaluation she had not given value enough to the world outside herself. Summary The moral of the story is not that Emma should think less of herself but that she should value the world more. Emma’s joy in being first is part of what makes her such an exhilarating character. What she offers us is the conviction that what she thinks about is interesting and valuable. What she offers is a confidence that borders on sublimity in the powers of her own mind. Emma, then, is an appropriate starting place for examining Austen’s ideas of perception because Emma is Austen’s grandest version of a commitment to personal vision. Moreover, women’s exaltation of her mind’s power makes her the very heroine with which to take up the traditional charge that Austen’s fiction treats those areas of human experience accessible to reason rather than to feeling and imagination. For me, Emma Woodhouse is one of the great characters in the English novel. And that moral life means learning the proper relation of imagination to the truth. Works Cited Austin, J. Emma . Web.
Introduction Japan is a country that comes to mind when one hears the words “samurai”, “sakura”, “geisha”, and “sushi”. This is the place where you can enjoy beautiful nature with lots of mountains and volcanoes, a country of huge megalopolises and a big population. I chose the culture of Japan to be the topic of my essay. I believe that it is worth visiting this country and highlighting its uniqueness. A Long History as a Reason for a Cultural Mix Japan is a state that has a very long and complicated history. It dates back to 35,000 BCE (“History of Japan”, 2020). China heavily influenced Japan in the early periods of history. Later, Japan exercised isolationism and did not maintain relations with most of the world states. It is one of the reasons why Japanese culture is so unique and distinctive. After 1868, Japan began to open its doors to relations with other states (“Timeline of Japan’s History”, 2020). This country adopted different practices from other countries, and that is why now it has a unique cultural mix. Peculiarities of State Language and Religion To begin with, I was impressed with the Japanese language as it differs from any language that I have ever heard. Furthermore, the Japanese use three different alphabets which are Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana (Neuman, 2020). As for me, I thought that the Arabic language is complicated but after I heard Japanese, I understood it was really hard to learn and speak it. What is more, I was surprised that the Japanese do not have one state religion as Arabs do. They have two different main ones which are Shinto and Buddhism. What surprised me, even more, is that most people do not believe in any god at all. It is different from our values since we have one main religion and believe in one God. The Beauty of Nature Which Makes You Stop and Think I think I will remember Japan as something bright, vivid, energetic, extraordinary, and very unusual. I was impressed by its beautiful nature; you can see it no matter where you are – in a city or in a village, in a park or at the seaside. I will never forget the blossom of sakura, a Japanese cherry tree. I recommend going to Japan in spring when there is a season of its blossoming. The pink and purple trees will leave you breathless, I am sure. The entire city looks like a wonderful picture from a fiction book. I got the impression that an artist had just painted it pink with his brush. One more natural marvel that is worth visiting is Mount Fuji. It is an active volcano and the highest mountain in Japan. The landscape is marvelous, and it exudes calm, serenity, and peace. Watching it made me think about how beautiful the Earth’s nature is and that we should notice its beauty every day. I understood that in our country there are many fascinating places too but we are so busy that do not even pay attention to them. I realized that sometimes it is better to stop and just seize the moment. Unique Cuisine as a Part of a Culture One more important point of Japanese culture which I want to pay attention to is its cuisine. It was completely unknown and new to me but it is really awes
Introduction Essay writing is a major concept practiced in high schools, colleges and universities, regardless of the course that one is undertaking. Unlike creative writing, which can take any format, it is worth noting that essay writing has a method that has to be followed, especially for academic reasons. This paper explores the method of writing a good essay, with special focus on the format and main ideas that have to be considered during this type of writing. Fundamentals to writing a good essay While most people know that essays usually have an introduction, body, and conclusion, less emphasis is put on balancing the three components in actual writing. Oftentimes, most experts recommend that introduction, body, and conclusion should represent 10%, 80%, and 10% respectively (Helpsheet 2). Essays, which do not adhere to this rule, are likely to score low marks, since it is considered as the basic structure of any academic essay. Secondly, the introduction of an essay depends on the research questions or the topic of research being considered. In general, the topic gives direction on how ideas are organized in the essay, and may take varied approaches. At this point, one may choose to turn the research topic into a question, as a way of introducing the essay (Langley 3). Additionally, a good essay narrows its scope to limited issues, since not everything can be covered in a single essay. In other words, it is important to state what to be covered, areas under consideration, and possible comparisons, in order to give the reader a clear picture of the content of the essay. Importantly, this method allows the writer to draw information from different disciplines, as a way of collecting enough materials to educate the reader, rather than reproducing other people’s ideas (Helpsheet 3). This also makes the essay authentic and interesting to read, as one’s view of the topic is widened through different ideas. In this line of thought, excellent essays are neither too general nor too specific. When the method is too general, it becomes hard for one to plan in terms of how to start, the content, and the final direction of the essay. On the other hand, too s
The issue in America There is a strong relationship between the state and the church based on the fact that the church and believers form a significant part of American society. Separating the church and the state is both a political and a doctrine of the American government law requiring the religious institutions to be disconnected from the government and operate independently It revolves around the principles of government secularity (it is important here to spot the difference between the government and the society) and the principle of freedom of exercises concerned with religion. Historical background From ancient times, the uppermost political leaders in America also were highly connected to religious leadership and sometimes we’re given the highest responsibilities, and sometimes being considered divine. Religious leaders were appointed by the political leader. This is greatly associated with the republican government. This issue can be traced back to a letter that was written in 1802 to the Danbury Baptists by Thomas Jefferson. In this letter, he said if the constitution was going to be amended to include this proposal, that would be like creating a wall of separation between the church and the state. But earlier Martin Luther had articulated the doctrine of two kingdoms (religious and political) and this was a markable beginning of today’s conception of the state-church separation (Wood 46). The issue and the Constitution The American constitution lacks any phrase that refers to the separation issue. Jefferson in 1802 had suggested that the Free Exercise clause and the establishment clause in the first constitutional amendment. This clause has been, even today, quoted in a number of opinions of the US supreme court. This phase has also been viewed as a metaphor- in that it requires the church to keep off the business of the state and also requires the state to keep off the business of the church. Due to the frequent use of this phase, many Americans have been led to thinking that the phrase has been included in the constitution (Lee 239). The metaphorical phrase of the separating wall in the above-mentioned Jefferson’s letter was used to reassure the people that the erection of the separating wall was aimed at protecting them. Jefferson was addressing the Danbury, Connecticut Baptists who were in fear over the intention of the separation of the church and the state. The American Congress has never be mandated to constitute any law that may concern the establishment of any religion or to establish any statute that may prohibit the free exercise of one’s religious faith. The clause addressing the free exercise and that addressing the establishment both put restrictions on the government with respect to the manner of setting up new laws. The only religious clause appearing in the constitution is that there is no single denomination that can be made to be the state religion. In other words, the state cannot determine what the society’s religion can be. The freedom of worship is unto every citizen of America. It is also important to note that the c
The housing and monetary policies are the key causes of the 2008 economic crisis. Two main mortgage firms, the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Corporation eased the credit requirements on loans it purchased from lending institutions. In September 2008, the two giant mortgage companies faced the danger of bankruptcy as they had guaranteed close to half of the total mortgages in the US. The Clinton administration came up with the idea of making poor citizens and low-income consumers own homes. As a result, banks were under pressure to lend to minorities and low-income consumers who even had no security for the loans (White par. 1). Notably, some of the borrowers who accessed the sub-prime loans had poor credit ratings, did not make down payments for homes, and had no verifiable assets. So misguided were the housing policies that unqualified borrowers could access mortgages with the support of the federal government. After the banks and other lending institutions had loaned the low-income earners, the prices of houses peaked and turned down completely. At this point, borrowers who had inadequate capital compared to their debt started to default the repayment of mortgages (FRONTLINE). Notably, these categories of borrowers were propelled to borrow with the hope of increased prices of houses in the future to repay the mortgages or sell their properties at high prices. This was not to be as prices of essential products went down too. The occurrence led to rise in the number of defaulters on nonprime-mortgages. The increased numbers of toxic mortgages made investment banks lose trillion of dollars. The rest of the Wall Street felt the effect with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke making critical moves to salvage the Bear Stearns Investment Bank, which had remained the subject of rumours that it would be falling soon. Bear Stearns’s stock had slumped to a low of $57 from $171 thus making it clear that something had to be done to contain the situation. The then Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson had to try out different approaches to rescue the entire financial market from the crisis. At one instance, he persuaded the federal government to provide the Treasury with $700 billion for buying the high-risk mortgage securities. Rumours in the financial market are fears that market players have towards operations of a firm. For instance, market manipulators and short sellers can spread false information about the nature and operations of a company. The financial market deals in monetary issues and some of the institutions include Bear Stearns Bank, AIG Insurance Company, Lehman Brothers and Fannie Mae Corporation. Bear’s chief executive, Alan Schwartz blamed falsehood on the loss of liquidity of $10 billion in one working day (“Bank Chief Blames Rumours for Bear’s Collap