ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One of the study strengths is that the subject selection process is excellently and well-designed, where the subjects represent the study sample, in general. Notably, 222 participants in the research are aged between eighteen to sixty-nine (Kalkan and Bhat 21). The age bracket of the subjects exemplifies a critical sampling criterion that the researchers used. In other words, the selection formula indicates that online gaming, gambling, and Internet addiction is causing similar hazard among people across age. The weakness of the study is the fact that its sources are outdated. The information that the authors depend on to make their claim comes from articles and other similar researches that were conducted decades ago. For instance, despite the research being conducted in 2017, it uses sources that were created in 1998 to make a claim (Kalkan and Bhat 19). Significantly, there might be tremendous changes since 1998 regarding the impact of excessive Internet use. Connectedly, the dependability on sources that were written long ago remains the main weakness of the study. The study can be improved by incorporating recent evidence and research on online gaming, gambling, and Internet addiction impacts. The audience can comprehend the existing impacts of these factors among the present population. Current materials regarding the topic can challenge the audience to formulate different questions and subsequently conduct further study on the topic. Thus, it is worth noting that current references remain the main way of improving the study. What is strong about the study is that it develops authentic information that is supported with adequate evidence. The research is verifiable as it uses multiple shreds of evidence to prove specific points. The article depicts that the overuse of the Internet is costing relationships and leading to negligence of responsibilities using evidence from different researches written by different authors (Kalkan and Bhat 24). Moreover, the study is strong because it suggests and gives directions concerning future research. Understandably, the authors opine that there is a need for future examination to focus on other possible factors influencing life quality and depression among college students (Kalkan and Bhat 25). Therefore, the provision of adequate evidence and suggesting further research on the topic are the two main entities that make the study strong. Work Cited Kalkan, Bilal, and Christine Suniti Bhat. “Relationships of Problematic Internet Use, Online Gaming, and Online Gambling with Depression and Quality of Life among College Students.” International Journal
Freshwater is one of the most vital resources in the modern world. This resource is valued even higher in the mostly arid Middle East region. When common water resources have to be shared among different nations in the region, the existing political differences result in tension and disputes over water management. River Jordan is one trans-boundary watercourse that is heavily influenced by the politics of the nations utilizing its waters. The five independent parties that share the Jordan River Basin are Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Fig. 1: The River Jordan from source to Mouth In spite of the significance of this common water supply to the various parties, political hostilities prevent adequate cooperation. Zeitoun, Tathami and Eid-Sabbagh declare that tensions over trans-boundary water are complex and conflicts may exist for protracted periods (299). The Jordan River’s basin is negatively affected by the political situation between the various states. Due to widespread diversion of water, the river’s volume has greatly decreased and some parts have no flow. The total quantity reaching the Dead Sea is minimal and this has led to a sharp annual decline in the volume of the Sea (Mirumachi and Zeitoun 306). In addition to this, the river is badly polluted by industrial waste from the riparians. Hostilities between the participating states make it impossible to establish a body that can manage the river basin resources. The conflict over River Jordan’s water is caused by the desire for each party to control the resources. Currently, Israel is the apparent hegemonic state. Israel’s power comes from its occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights and its control over Palestinian territory’s water resources. This creates tension between Israel and Palestine over the control of water in the Palestinian Territories (Yetim 88). Tension also exists over Israel’s occupation and control of Syria’s water resources. There are conflicts between Jordan and Syria due to Syria’s attempts to build canals to divert water from the river. Finally, tensions exist between Israel and Lebanon over Lebanon’s attempts to build a dam that would be fed by the Jordan River. Such an act by Lebanon would affect the Jordan’s volume since the river originates from this country. Two nations that have a special interest in the Jordan River are Jordan and Israel. These two states rely primarily on the Jordan River Basin for their water needs making the river critical to their survival. Cooperation in the management and utilization of the water resources was crucial to the survival of the two nations. By the early 1990s, it was recognized that a treaty to share and govern t
Introduction Comparative politics is a scientific concept that is widely applied in the study of political science. This concept and ideology are used to study different political units of countries, pointing out how different they run their political affairs while at the same time noting differences. According to Caramani (2020), comparative politics rely on comparative methods that benchmark one country’s political system to another to understand the failure or success of various countries’ political systems. There are several mythological approaches to studying political science, including statistical, case study, and experimental methods (Chilcote 2018). In simpler terms, comparative politics applies comparative approaches in examining two or more countries to assess various political functions. The two countries chosen for this research paper are Canada and the United States. Therefore, the concept of comparative politics will be applied to the two selected counties’ political unit systems to point out both similarities and differences. Canadian and American Government Countries and states have specific rules and statutes that have different contents. This implies that the laws apply differently in states or countries. Therefore, Canada and Unites States are different countries; the two have political systems and units that differ in operation and how the vital process occurs. According to John Wesley Dafoe (2022), the political systems of the United States and Canada exhibit some similarities and differences. Despite the numerous changes that have occurred in both countries’ systems, they are still a replica of one another with slight variations. John Wesley Dafoe (2022) educates that the Canadian Dominion and the American Commonwealth explain the two countries’ political system development. However, John Wesley Dafoe (2022) noticed that Canada has stayed under the umbrella of Great Britain and therefore is practicing parent-state laws. On the other hand, the United States is a sovereign state and drives its principles from the European constitution (Floridi 2020, p. 371). Therefore, from the country’s profiles, it is clear that the two have different government operations with some similarities. Canada and the American government have similarities and differences worth discussing in this paper. Floridi (2020, p. 372) reports that the two countries’ governments h
Introduction One of the best leadership qualities that Warren Buffet shows is his ability to delegate responsibilities to the other executives that manage Berkshire Hathaway. He does this by separating different types of asset portfolios in the company into batches that can be distributed to a select number of individuals. After this is done, Buffet gives instructions regarding expected returns or performance indexes that the individual executives or portfolio managers have to meet or exceed. That is the entirety of the process that occurs at Berkshire Hathaway when it comes to delegating responsibilities and, as seen in the success of the holding company so far, it has proven to be a sound method of managing investment portfolios. The benefit of delegating responsibilities is that it shows a certain level of trust between a leader and a team member (Allio, 2015). This in turn encourages the team member in question to live up to the trust that they were given by performing to the best of their ability thereby leading to potentially greater work outputs (Warner, 2015). Understanding This Method of Leadership There are many ways in which a company president or even a manager can choose to run their organization. For instance, they could focus on a leadership style wherein they micromanage everything to make sure that all aspects of a project operate exactly as they want it to be (Overstreet, Hazen, Skipper & Hanna, 2014). The benefit of this style of leadership is that it ensures that operations proceed along the desired paths that a leader wants; however, it also entails a considerable commitment of time (Hamstra, Van Yperen, Wisse & Sassenberg, 2014). The result is that a leader often focuses so much on a day to day operations that they neglect to examine the external market environment of the company leading to missed opportunities or not anticipating changing consumer trends. On the other end of the spectrum, there are also leadership styles that focus on a “less engaged” method of management. Under this particular style, leaders focus less on micromanagement and more when it comes to developing the business as a whole (Marques-Quinteiro & Curral, 2012). The benefit of this style of leadership, as seen in the case of Warren Buffet and Berkshire Hathaway as a whole, is that aspects related to investment opportunities and changes in consumer behavior are more observable by a leader resulting in the potential to be able to take advantages of trends while they last. This was seen in the case of Buffet investing in the railroad industry within the U.S. as well as his initial investment
Introduction and Background of the Research The twentieth and twenty first centuries are known for the high rate of globalisation that they recorded. The global community has been reduced to a global village, especially with the coming of the information technology. Boundaries have virtually disappeared, and now business activities can be carried anywhere in the world, provided the business observes the rules and regulations of the host nation. Globalisation came with the emergence of multinational corporations such as Coca Cola, Unilever, Microsoft and the like. As such, international business can be conceptualised as one of the products and indicators of globalisation. With international business came the idea of sustainable growth and development. For these multinationals to survive in these new markets, they had to come up with strategies that will ensure that the growth and development of the business were well within the capabilities of the firm. This means that the growth and development of the business can be comfortably supported by the revenues generated and can be sustained in the long term. Defining sustainable growth and development in the wider context of the economy, Pohle and Hittner (2008 p. 3) view it as the stable growth of the economy, characterised by full employment and no inflation. This way, the economy can comfortably maintain the growth and developments therein without borrowing either from within or from without. It can also be conceptualised as the income that a business generates and which can be used to support future growth and development (Costa 1997 p. 25). When a business or economy can grow using retained earnings, less external funding or borrowing, and in the absence of altered financial leverage, the same can be described as having attained sustainable growth. Sowinski (2006 p. 8) furnishes us with a simple definition of sustainable growth and development within the business context. He views it as the “realistically attainable growth” that can be comfortably achieved by a business (Sowinski 2006 p. 8). This means that the company can grow and at the same time it will not run into problems such as debts or bankruptcy. If the business can grow and develop, but does so from borrowing, and it can not maintain the growth in the long run without external intervention, then that business can not be said to be growing and developing sustainably. If a business grows too fast, it may be hard for it to fund this from retained revenue (Gallinger 2000 p. 50). On the other hand, if the business happens to grow and expand too slowly, or not at all, this again may spell doom for it. It may end up stagnating in one position for a long time, and may be overtaken by competition and at long last, vanquished. The above two scenarios spell a lack of sustainable growth and development. From this, the importance of striking the optimum growth and development rate, which is neither too fast nor too slow, becomes the goal of managers interested in attaining sustainable growth and development for their busi
Introduction The treaty ended the war that had affected the lives of many individuals for several years. It is commonly referred to as the treaty of peace, friendship, limits, and settlement because it effectively ended the war, limited the powers of Mexico, resettled many people who had been displaced, and strengthened the ties between the two states. Mexico had been affected greatly because it lacked the army to continue fighting, as several of them had lost their lives while others opted to reassign after realizing that the US was not going to be defeated. Through the treaty, the US was to pay the Mexican government fifteen million dollars while it had to compensate the citizens of Mexico who had lost their properties at least three million dollars. The US was to be given the territories around the Grande boundary, including Texas, California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado (Bevans 793). The paper goes a notch high to analyze articles XIII, IX, and X with an aiming of establishing which of the three was the most important as far as the lives of the Mexicans were concerned. Impacts of the Treaty on Mexicans The primary impact of the treaty was that it extended American citizenship to the Mexicans living in the ceded territory. Several problems that citizens of the new territory continue to face in the country could be explained by the ratification of the treaty. As Chavez noted in his analysis, Americans were of the view that Mexicans were in their soil and the Indians would do everything to chase them away (Chávez 1). Many people in Mexico and those living around the territory are never happy since they accuse the leadership of their country at the time for betraying them when they needed help since the injustices that their children go through in the US could not be happening when the treaty was drafted properly. Mexicans are never happy with the US and this has always fuelled conflicts between the two countries leading to conflicts that interfere with regional development. In 1910, Mexicans felt it was enough when they decided to organize a revolution to end the problems facing them. The US offered to intervene, but Mexicans never trusted it and requested the US government to keep off from the internal affairs. Mexicans were disappointed with the way they were treated since they were considered the second-class citizens who had no position in society as far as political and economic activities were concerned. As Chavez observed, the Mexican congress was disappointed with this behavior to an extent of formulating a stronger policy in 1830 that allowed the military to invade Texas (Chávez 7). For instance, Mexicans were expected only to support a white candidate in elections yet they were not permitted to present their candidature during elections while the treaty claimed that they had full civil rights meaning they would engage in political activities freely. In the labor market, the Mexicans living in the ceded regions were s
Design: Whirlpool case study Product design decisions could be categorized as unstructured decisions, as based on how they are derived and implemented. Unstructured decisions are characterized by their complex nature as they do not follow established standards in the formulation process. Unstructured decisions are those experienced in situations whereby elements are unknown or undefined. Goals set for this decision making process are often defined in general terms, and are mostly incomparable with alternatives since there is no clear way of measuring their effects. It is difficult to link performance to the actual decision as it would be difficult to isolate factors incorporated in the final decision Chuck Jones’ decision to change the way design decisions are made came after a meeting with Whirlpool’s resource allocation team. Chuck was unable to persuade the resource allocation team to invest a further $5 in a Kitchen Aid refrigerator that was being redesigned, by adding some ornamentation (Robbins & Coutler, 2008). In this case, Chuck failed to explain the potential return on investment from the ornamentation, and the sum invested. His argumentative approach of “trust me, I’m a designer” did not work either. Chuck resolved to improve the design process into one that was more objective, rather than subjective. Whirlpool has new criteria for its design decisions. In the new system, the company develops prototypes that are subsequently presented to customer focus groups in order to ascertain customer preferences. In this stage, designers are free to use their creativity to develop prototypes that they think will appeal to customers. Results obtained from the customer focus groups are charted against competitor products and the company’s own products as well. This allows Whirlpool to evaluate viability and practicability of proposed designs. This approach gives decision makers objective evidence on which they can base their investment decisions. Therefore, this approach is factual based, rather than being solely subjective. Goals: MasterCard’s master plan Setting goals is critical when planning for training events. MasterCard’s learning event, dubbed the Roadmap to the Future, aims to train the company’s employees on the changes expected after the company went public. The goal of the training event was to ensure that all employees understood the changes that would be experienced now that the company was now a public institution. The goal in this case will set the agenda for the training events, and will help the company in deciding the topics that should be covered by the training event, and who will carry out the training based on their knowledge of the study topics. Both strategic and operational plans will be useful when the event is being carried out. Strategic goals illustrate future targets that the company is aiming for, while operational goals descr
Over the last seven weeks of this semester, we have studied various forms of writing. These writings include perspective paper, research paper and a personal narrative writing and summary/strong response. Now as the semester ends, an opportunity to reflect back on the various skills acquired and tasks accomplished is appropriate. I am confident that the tasks that I did wholeheartedly with total regard for their importance ultimately came through as my best assignments. I mention here that the three most comprehensive works that highlight my personality as a writer are my research paper, personal narrative and finally the perspective paper. These three works embody a soul that raises them from the classification of mere words because they depict my thinking process transport the reader to a vivid context of the respective topic in the paper. Out of the three outstanding works, the perspective paper comes first. It was an interesting assignment where we had to choose an abstract location and describe its scenery. The whole exercise took twenty to thirty minutes overall and I am proud of my final perspective paper. A key attribute that makes the paper so appealing and worthy of mention is my use of action verbs in my description. The phrase, “the leaves noticeably moved lazily forth and backward in perfect rhythm with the swaying of the tree branches in a never ending oscillation as the wind gently blew”, brings out the exact picture of the simple picture of a leaf movement, and the reader actually sees through the words the leaf moving. I am grateful for the writer’s toolbox that gave me a large arsenal of tools and tips to tackle the assignment effectively. Another phrase is “The grass felt crisp, wet and was sharply pointed like nails capable of piecing your feet”. In the rhetorical analysis of the perspective paper, I was simply explaining my writing and therefore found the overall tasks to be fairly easy and straightforward. I write that it is easy because rhetoric analysis is a style I am used to after taking a substantial number of English classes while in high school. In our rhetoric analysis, we were to describe specific elements of five rhetoric tools as used in our previous part of the assignment. I effectively tackled the requirements of the first part of the assignment by describing the same place using two distinct perspectives to give the reader separate impressions of the same place. When it came to the rhetoric analysis part, I concisely described my use of each element and the intended effect I wanted to pass on to the reader. I found the explanation of a concept of research paper to be the most difficult of all assignments in this semester; however, I strongly feel that despite the difficulty, I delivered a thorough research paper. The most difficult part of the assignment was coming up with a topic of research that had adequate information. I had to discard other topics solely for the lack of information. I landed on my topic of research by sheer coincidence as I shopped at a video store and overheard