ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The world has many organizations, which engage in charitable causes. For me, the non-profit organization World Relief stands out as one of the noblest agencies and its actions provoke admiration. The organization’s motto is to “serve the world most vulnerable” and it accomplishes this noble task though its staff and volunteers. The organization’s efforts are commendable since they make a difference in the lives of thousands of vulnerable people in the US and all over the world. The most endearing attribute of World Relief is its passion to assist the vulnerable. In response to the vast suffering experienced by the vulnerable in the world, the organization takes action to assist. It does this by soliciting for funds from individuals and businesses and then using this money to make the most impact in the lives of the vulnerable. The support offered by World Relief is not limited to monetary but also capacity building through its training and mentorship programs. The organization has exhibited huge innovation in its quest to assist the vulnerable. By mobilizing individuals and the community to champion the cause of the poor, the organization has been successful in delivering aid to those who need it (World Relief 1). By stressing on the impact that an individual can make, many people have been inspired to play a part in assisting the needy in their communities. World Relief has therefore made people more aware and responsive to the needs of the needy around them. World Relief exhibits high level of integrity in its conduct. While some charity organizations have been plagued by scandals involving misuse of funds, World Relief continues to uphold integrity and high ethical standards. The organization offers all its annual reports and financial statements on its website and anyone is able to see how the organization uses its funds. This high level of transparency increases the public’s confidence in the organization. The organization demonstrates foresight in its activities and hopes to provide long-term solutions. While the organization is quick to serve the vulnerable at all times, it places emphasis on empowering the local church so that it can assist the vulnerable by improving their economical wellbeing. The same approach is used in dealing with the refugees and immigrants who come to the US. Through its resettlement efforts, the organization helps the immigrants to adjust to the American culture and it assists them to find employment and become independent and productive members of the society. The organization also exhibits bravery by venturing into war-torn regions where thousands of people are suffering
An ecological footprint measures the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to meet the demands of a population and helps determine whether a particular populace is living within the biological capacity of the land that sustains it. A carbon footprint on the other hand is the total amount of greenhouse gases emanated by each person or a population. Carbon footprint is a subset of ecological footprint. The greater the carbon footprint greater is the strain on the ecology and the larger is the ecological footprint. The US Environmental Protection Agency allows US companies to export pesticides that have been banned or restricted within the country. This measure is by far the most unethical practice of the US government that seeks to maximize profits at the expense of the poor developing countries. The banned pesticides have resulted in the sickness and deaths of thousands of Third World people because their government’s tax laws allow the continued usage. However, pesticides used in the Third World enter back into the US food chain as the agricultural products of the developing world enter US markets as imports. Thus the US authorities must ban such a practice. The EPA risk assessment falls under two main categories; Human Health and Ecological. For both the categories, the EPA uses a four-step methodology namely, Hazard Identification, Dose-Response Assessment, Exposure Assessment, and Risk Characterization. In the Hazard identification step, the EPA examines whether the substance has the potential to pose risk to human or ecological health and if so then under what circumstances. In the next step, having determined the feasibility of the risk, the EPA determines the quantum of exposure and its likely toxic effect. After this, the EPA arrives at the assessment of how long people or the environment have been exposed to the dangerous elements which then leads to the final determination as to how much extra risk is possible for the populations who have been exposed to the danger. Since the Second World War, owning a house and two cars in the suburbs has been defined as an American Dream which has been helped by several federal and state laws that encouraged subsidies for the housing sector, the GI Bill, road building projects, strip malls, shopping malls and food chains which have led to the shrinkage of agricultural lands and expansion of the suburbs. Government-sponsored entities such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae gave away millions of dollars in cheap housing loans that encouraged the sprawl explosion. Federal tax laws allow homeowners to deduct the interest on mortgages thus encouraging them to buy more homes. The highway act of 1956, ensured that road connectivity improved, which in turn made it easier for suburbs to develop. The Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act are two important acts enacted by the government which are monitored by the EPA that ensure that industries, state, and local authorities adhere to the anti-pollution norms. In addition, the Atomic Energy Act ensures that atomic materials are strictly regulated
Introduction Little Oaks is a company with a well-established culture that is based on effective collaboration, innovation and creativity. People have been seen as the major asset of the company, which translated in the creation of favourable working conditions characterised by high salaries, attractive pension and health insurance programs, benefits and development options. More so, employees received the company’s shares, which also contributes to the development of a more committed staff. Nonetheless, the organisation is facing certain financial constraints, and the reduction of staff-related costs is inevitable. There are a number of options that can be employed. This paper includes a brief analysis of several cost reduction methods, evaluation and justification of the most appropriate one and guidance on its implementation. Possible options Redundancy seems one of the most widespread and effective ways to cut costs associated with human resources. It can be easily controlled as the management decides on the number of people who should leave (Pries & Quigley 2012). Clearly, this tool is associated with various adverse effects. First, it may result in some legal issues as HR professionals may fail to comply with the existing regulations. It will also have a negative impact on the employees’ morale and motivation, which may lead to poor performance of the entire company. To avoid legal issues, it is possible to resort to voluntary redundancy. However, this measure will still lead to a negative image amongst employees. Of course, redundancy may also help to get rid of less efficient employees. On the other hand, this strategy will require effective evaluation and assessment program that will have a negative effect on people’s motivation and commitment. This may result in natural wastage that also has significant disadvantages. For instance, high-profile employees (those who recently joined the company and those who have been working for a while) may wish to seek for new employment as they are likely to land a good job while low performers are likely to be satisfied with their current positi
Introduction HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which leads to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the most infectious disease that has emerged in more than a century. The human and economic impact has been most apparent in its area of origination, Sub-Sahara Africa where an estimated 24 million people are infected. In seven countries of this region, 20 percent of adults are HIV Positive. In the U.S., the disease was ignored when first discovered in the early 1970s. Even when HIV landed on American shores in 1981, the government did not acknowledge its existence for years. This slow response and general lack of concern by the U.S. is apparent today. Forty thousand new cases are reported every year but just how many people are infected is unknown because the system intended to track cases is flawed and unlikely to be remedied anytime soon. The social impact of HIV has been well documented and widely distributed which has served to educate the public and acted to stem the tide of the epidemic. However, there is a hidden cost that negatively affects business and the economy. This discussion examines the genesis of the virus, why it is difficult to control, the prevalence of infection, its economic impact and how businesses are following the government’s lead by ignoring the growing problem. The Evolution of HIV Virus Overview Given the virus’ precedent for evolutionary transformation, awareness of the evolutionary aspects of HIV greatly
The emergence of capitalism has contributed to the development of the community exchange system. Introducing money as a tool for measuring use-value of commodities has provided a revolution into the economic society. Money, therefore, has become a powerful instrument of assessing prices and value of goods and services. They represent both material side and ‘fetishism’ of goods and services. Therefore, commodity price often equals to material and spiritual needs of consumers. Apart from the presented network of commodity exchange, the complex capitalist system also introduces significant problems to the recognized system of use-value and its magnitude. Apparently, the problem of shifts and deviations is explained in ability of the capitalism system to estimate the commodity in accordance with labor engaged in creating the value of a product. All these problems are highlighted in studies by Marx about commodities, as well as in the deliberations of Longhofer. According to Langhofer (2012), “…economic lives are comprised of thousands of wages, purchases, gifts, saving, and investment, but they are also social lives comprised of complex human relationships” (p. 108). The complex nature of human interaction also leaves imprint on value formation of the products of these relationships. According to Marks, other than material side of value is more confined to mysterious processes because “the social character of men’s labour appears to them as an objective character stamped upon the product of that labour” (Marx, 2012, p. 133). Thus, commodity cannot be estimated on the basis of its material values because of the presence of human factor. Moreover, because commodities are result of labor of individuals working independently, the outcome can be regarded as a result of social relations. The analysis of Marx’s theories and assumptions provides a better understanding of how capitalism and commodity system can face financial and economic crisis. Specifically, the theorist attached much importance to the capability of capitalism to adapt to the changes and reinvent the values and principles of commodity exchange and labor distribution. Specifically, Langhofer (2012) emphasizes, “… that the spontaneous collision of social and economic events is actually not spontaneous, but is driven by underlying contradictions in how we create, manufacture, and manipulate the material necessities of life” (p. 109). Therefore, the mysterious nature of commodity is explained by changes in material concerns of consumers. It is important for capitalists to understand how a specific use-value can be obtained, as well as evaluate attitude of consumers towards specific products across time and space. Judging from the historically predetermined trends, future approaches to commodity exchange will rely on the human r
Qualitative research methods used in psychology are not intended to compare but to observe and draw appropriate conclusions about the characteristics of human development and interaction. As Newman (2016) notes, one of the main advantages of this practice is an opportunity to prove specific hypotheses based on data obtained from primary sources, which helps avoid bias in the assessment process. One of the types of research design used in qualitative studies is phenomenology. Gaete Celis (2019) describes this technique as an approach aimed at finding the meaning and causes of specific motives but not the consequences of actions. Also, the author argues that today, it is customary to distinguish two key types of phenomenology – descriptive (the disclosure of meaning) and interpretive (the disclosure of experience) (Gaete Celis, 2019). When talking about possible topics that such a technique can address, one can mention the manifestation of concerns in verbal communication or symbolization as a feature of a closed personality. These themes are of a deeper nature compared with standard studies on human behavior and require a phenomenological approach. In case personal experience and reasoning are used as the basis of the study, the methods of data collection and processing are based solely on oral and written notes. Lundh (2018) describes psychology as a scientific field in which phenomenology is one of the manifestations of interacting with people and assessing their heritage. The qualitative principle of data collection and analysis is applied, for instance, a conversation with a person in order to find out the background of his or her experiences and opinions concerning a specific situation. Therefore, this research strategy is similar to those used in qualitative studies, and the interpretation of all the results of the work is individual due to different opinions and behavioral motives.
Introduction In the past two decades, the international community has made poverty eradication as their number one priority. Over a decade ago, Breton wood institutions came up with an objective of minimizing cases of income – poverty in less developed countries from over 30% to less than 15% by 2015 (Bourguignon 2). Escalation in global poverty has led to emergence, fusion, and dispensation of new economic models which focuses on economic stability, liberalization, privatization of public institutions, and exploration of market solutions in supplying public goods. These approaches marked the era of policy making in both developed and developing nations in their effort to promoting living standards of the poor nations and the eradication of poverty globally (Bourguignon 3). Most studies investigating inequalities between countries assume all citizens from these nations have similar mean income. Most of these studies suggests that majority of the Asian countries grew first towards the mean income while the rest of developing nations are moving further away (Glazer 3). These studies show that the income of the richest members of the population which constitutes of about 20% has rose to over 80%. Therefore, the increasing global inequality has been a constant feature over the past three decades, with a noticeable scenario from 80s to date and there is diminutive evidence that this condition will change (Glazer 4). With exclusion of china, the reduction of inequality in the global arena has not been realized since 1975. Since the end of 70s, US have experienced spectacular increase in economic inequality. United States is considered to be the most unequal nation among the world richest economies. In spite of the scale of the increase in the inequality, the political class in the US rarely discusses this subject in the public. Throughout the history of the United States of America, its populace has struggled considerably with the paradox of poverty amidst riches (Weil and Kenneth 2). This has left many people wondering why a nation endowed with such magnitude of wealth still witness its own citizens struggle while there are enormous opportunities and excellent economy. Are the poor to be to be blamed or they are just victims of social inequality dogged with racism and bigo
Nightingale’s first recommendation was the need to prioritize positive health and its determinants. She saw the impetus for good health as the individual commitment towards realizing positive health determinants. Nightingale saw nurses as important players in the process of promoting positive health determinants. The culture of caring should be furthered by nurses even in the future. Good health in the future will be attained by first valuing the nurses as important players in promoting health. The second recommendation by Nightingale was that nurses should be valued and sustained. Although she emphasized about valuing nurses, she also meant that every individual involved in promoting health should be valued. Nightingale went her way to reach to others to collaborate in promoting health. The future of nursing lies in encouraging collaborations with people from all walks of life who seek to promote determinants of positive health. Nightingale saw it useful to educate people on the need to stay healthy. She recommended the need for individuals and the larger society to be knowledgeable about staying healthy. She knew that realizing the global idea of health had to start from the grassroots. Nightingale understood that health education could be done in both formal and informal ways. She saw the need to inform their leaders about health issues affecting the people. Nightingale saw the nurse as an individual who should promote health literacy by coming up with modules that can teach health in a holistic manner at all levels of the society. Despite her emphasis on learning and teaching about health, Nightingale strongly emphasized that applying knowledge was a crucial component of learning. In the future, nurses will play a central role in promoting positive health determinants by teaching individuals about positive health. Nightingale promoted the idea of making known the health issues to the public through public opinion. She encouraged the public to push their leaders to address health issues. She believed in using the different media platforms to highlight health issues. She urged the idea of working behind the scenes, which nurses still promote today. However, Nightingale still called for public opinion to be formed to make the voices of everyone be heard in the course of promoting health. Nur
The High Lane is a truly fascinating place in terms of its architecture and design. A fantastic mixture between urban design and an environment friendly approach towards architectural choices, it truly is a patch of wonder in the midst of concrete and steel. Once created as a part of the city transportation infrastructure, the High Lane is nowadays a manifest for sustainability in urban areas. When it comes to specifying the elements that make the High Line entirely unique, one must bring up the original combination of urban design and green areas. The plant life of the High Line is quite diverse compared to other parts of the city; more importantly, the ratio between the elements of the traditional urban design and a greener, more environment friendly approach is much higher in the High Line area. The unique balance between the aforementioned architecture styles represents a reasonable and harmonious compromise between the current environmentalism trends and the necessity to incorporate the recent technological innovations into the design. Thus, the sustainability principles seem to have been integrated into the architectural design of the High Lane quite successfully. Apart from the above-mentioned original combination of the urban architecture and the green policies, the fact that in the High Lane, the elements of the past meet the key trends of the future also deserves a mentioning. Though most of the elements of the High Lane can be identified as modern, and the overall design of the place has been updated successfully, it sill incorporates the details that can be characterized as rather nostalgic, the form-over-function principle being the key one. Indeed, taking a closer look at the elements of the modern design, especially the ones that are represented in the Manhattan architecture, one must admit that modern architects seem to have reached a reasonable compromise between the form and function of their creations. Form is no longer used as a separate element and is tied closely to the function of every single element of the architecture design. In the High Lane, however, some of the form-over-function approach elements become quite noticeable; to be more specific, such details as the space arrangement and the layout should be named as the conflicting parts of the design. On the one hand, the High Lane looks rather cozy because of the stylistic choices, such as the design of benches; on the other hand, the High Lane once being a railway, its very structure lacks flexibility and seems too strict and linear. Indeed, the idea of using the railway for planting trees and flowers there, as well as installing benches for people to enjoy the scenery, seems rather fresh at first. However, taking a stroll down the High Lane, one will notice sooner or later that the pattern of the local design is unbearably repetitive. Although the designers should be credited for their innovative idea, the excessively homogenous design of the place requires a re-planning. While the idea of repetitive c