ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Code Of The Street by Elijah Anderson depicts the peculiarities of life in the American inner-city, revealing the mainstreams and the code of such neighborhood. Anderson defines two major camps: decent and street people; and depicts the struggle of these two camps on different layers. First of all, it is necessary to point out that Anderson notes that the main cause of emerging of the street code in inner-cities is the lack of well-paid jobs and, thus, threatening poverty. In such difficult conditions, when there is no confidence in the future and there are only problems and obstacles in the present, a lot of people make their choice and decide which camp to pertain. It is very promising that in such a grave situation a lot of people find strength and courage to fight against circumstances and environment and make success in life. Anderson calls families which try to make success in the American society “decent families”, and those families which adhere to the street code “street families”. Anderson suggests that the street code is several behavior models which form an image of a strong person which can defend him/herself and his/her family. The Code Of The Street reveals that this code applies both decent and street families since these two parties have to co-exist in the same neighborhood. Anderson points out that sometimes members of decent families should act to show their strength to defend themselves, and, vice versa, some members of street families show values which are common for the rest of the society. Anderson also stresses the exclusive role of the family in forming a behavior model in youth. The Code Of The Street contains numerous example of such relationship from real life; moreover, Anderson inserts whole passages of interviews of different people living in the inner-city, who share their experience. Based on these interviews and his observations, Anderson concludes that parents of decent families working very hard to earn their living, take control of their children and teach them what is right and what is wrong. In the majority of cases, children from decent families understand the negative consequences of the street life, which they see in their everyday life in their neighborhood, get inspired by the example of their parents or start cherishing their parents’ care, and work hard as their parents, and, finally, reach their goals. On the contrary, parents in street families don’t pay a lot of attention to their children upbringing, instead they show bad examples of adhering to street code; moreover, they teach their children to adhere to the street code as well; they show violence or even put their children to violence, and, as a result, they bring up another generation of street people. It is necessary to add that Anderson depicts cases, which are not rare when children from street families were inspired by school, church, or members of decent families and acquire new values and changed the camp. In terms of this peculiar layer, i.e., family, Anderson d
Abstract and hypothesis The UAE is a budding economy that is doing better by the day and education has contributed greatly to this promising turn of events. This observation holds for in 1970, only 20 per cent of the population was literate, which is a figure that has increased to 80 per cent (82 per cent women; 76 per cent men). Forty percent of the schools are private, the other 60 per cent are public schools, and these figures continue to shift in favour of private schools. The exact cause of this ‘migration’ is not clear and so this paper attempts to explore possible explanations by reviewing the matter through a series of perspectives including   * an ideological perspective (looks into capitalism vs. socialism and perhaps the reflection of these systems on individual parents’ perspectives of private vs. public schools. Additionally, it touches on theories of classism and elitism as determinants of preference;   * a financial perspective – costs;   * a social perspective – looks into the school reputation, special programs proffered, school safety, and location. Finally, an academic perspective yields a review of the school performance and college preparation, curriculum, quality of education, teacher qualification, and dismissal option, and issues like class size and teacher- student ratio. The hypothesis is that the divide between private and public schools is due to compounding all these perspectives into the reality of each circumstantial parent. Introd
Summary French people and Americans have different ways of developing, defining, and appreciating friendship. These differences cause conflicts and misunderstandings between friends from America and France. However, they all value friendship because of its role in life. In America, there is no distinction between a friend, an acquaintance, and a colleague. In contrast, French people treat friends, acquaintances, and colleagues differently. The French language allows distinguishes between a friend, colleague, and acquaintance by use of certain phrases. This distinction causes problems between friends as witnessed between Michel and Laura. Laura used the word love to express her friendship with Michel. However, Michel thought that the word was an expression of Laura’s romantic feelings towards him. Michel was surprised to learn that the word was used to express friendship. French people are very careful with formation ofthe friendship. They get new friends under strict conditions and circumstances. For example, neighbors may not be friends by virtue of living in the same building. They make friends during childhood, at school, and at work. In contrast, Americans make new friends under any circumstance or situation. New relationships last for either a short time or a lifetime. Unlike French people, Americans take advantage of any opportunity to make friends. For example, neighbors automatically become friends by virtue of living in the same place. As such, Americans are friendly, approachable, and even invite strangers to dine within them. In contrast, French people are unfriendly, unapproachable, and rarely interact with strangers. To Americans, friendship is all about socializing, interacting, and doing things together. Americans choose friends who share common hobbies and interests that determine activities that friends do together. In contrast, friends in France rarely engage in activities that bring them together. Even though they do things together sometimes, they do not consider it an essential part of friendship. Americans use these activities to strengthen friendship ties. However, they highly value autonomy and individuality. In contrast, the French do not. Their lives overlap and assume a similar style unlike in America where friendship ties do not diminish autonomy and individuality. Lastly, Americans and French people have different perceptions about role of friendship in life. Americans perceive friendship as a source of emotional and social support. Therefore, they do everything possible to save friendship from falling apart. They ignore disagreements and conflicts in order to keep friends. In contrast, people in France use friendship as a way to avoid boredom. They expect disagreements, arguments, and conflicts between friends. In France, conflicts and disagreements do not affect friendship because it does not involve any mutual understanding. Responses Harpal Harpal gives a clear distinction between love and friendship as defined by Americans and French people. He supports it by giving an example of Michel and Laura who perceived their relationship differently. He also presents differences between
Introduction Ecocide is a “neologism that refers to the act of intentional destruction or degradation of the environment” (Broswimmer 1). In other words, ecocide is the collective sum of ecocidal actions that have led to the current, disastrous loss of species worldwide. Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin refer to the current loss of species as Sixth Extinction. The ongoing global obliteration of habitat has significant impacts on humanity. Thus far, the principal value of the planet’s enduring ecosystems remains affronted and under-studied. Today, humanity is yet to identify a big part of the projected multiplicity of life. Some scientists claim that there are at least 5 million species globally. Other researchers contend that the number of species ranges between 30 million and 50 million. Scientists are yet to agree on the estimate of the number of species. Despite the disagreement on the number of species, the scientists agree that the Earth is losing its species at an alarming rate. Broswimmer posits, “The standard trickle rate of extinction has become a gushing hemorrhage as 100 species, or more disappear every day” (1). The present trend of destruction is paralleled only by the three great catastrophic mass extermination of the far-off ecological past. The Phases of Mass Extermination The Earth has witnessed three phases of mass extermination of species. The first phase of mass annihilation occurred 250 million years ago and had devastating effects on both the land and shallow water environments. The crisis marked the end of the Permian era (Brisman and South 63). Being the oldest phase, many people have little knowledge of this period. Hence, a majority of its repercussions are yet to be resolved. Paleontologists argue that this crisis came as a result of alteration of sea level and climate change that arose during the merger of the continents. The tectonic forces that led to the detachment of the continents led to the annihilation of over 90% of the earth’s species (Renner 132). The massive extermination swept away a majority of the land and living marine species. The extermination brought to an end a “200 million-year-long evolutionally history that geologists have named the Paleozoic era” (Brisman and South 65). The second phase of the extinction happened 200 million years ago. The crisis occurred after the global bionetworks reordered themselves into a chain of stable earthly and aquatic communities. Before the colossal extermination, the land fauna comprised “some mammal-like reptiles, gigantic crocodile-like animals, and a variety of evolving dinosaurs” (Brisman and South 66). A majority of these animals “vanished from the planet, together with many shelled ammonites and coral reefs” (Brisman and South 67). A chain of environmental calamities that occurred in close succession is blamed for this massive extermination. One of the calamities was the collision between the Earth and a huge meteor, which led to the death of many di
Currently, the architecture of the UAE is a marvel. Ranging from the biggest artificial islands in the world to a number of tall buildings in Dubai, great changes have taken place in the physical look of the country during the last fifty years. In order to come up with a modern image of architectural strength, most of the country’s architecture is a combination of traditional, Islamic, modern, and vernacular styles. Before the enormous changes took place in the country, its vernacular architecture responded to its harsh climatic conditions. Since the 1970s, with the discovery of oil, the economic development of the UAE has influenced the design and the construction of buildings. Consequently, the UAE has developed a unique fourth style of its own that has made it to be an architectural marvel in the world. In the past, the residents of the UAE lived a simple and traditional way of life and the vernacular architecture found in the area reflected this way of life. This architectural design was influenced by the styles that that were being practiced in other neighbouring regions (Hurreiz, 2002). A particularly recognizable influence came from the architectural style of North Africa, Middle East and the Mughal Empire of South Asia. The Emiratis developed localized versions of the foreign models to suit the country’s mostly hot-arid weather conditions. The ancient Egyptian architecture was characterized by the building of huge structures using simple and efficient tools that were available to them. The Emirati traditional architects adopted this in construction of the houses, especially the precision and accuracy that the Egyptians used in construction. The design of the Great Mosque of Kairouan (in Tunisia) served as a model for the construction of similar buildings in UAE. The Emirati architects adapted the techniques that were used in the construction of the impressive and largest architectural marvel of the Islamic world to suit the demands of lifestyle and climate of the country. Other past influences of UAE architecture came from the Middle East. The Great Mosque of Samarra in Iraq, having seventeen aisles and walls decorated with mosaics, and the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, famous for its massive dome, also influenced the Islamic architecture of the UAE. The important characteristics of these impressive buildings, such as the ordered use of repetition, fractal geometry, piers and arches having discontinuous series of niches and colonnettes, as well as different unique metric patterns, influenced the vernacular architectural design of United Arab Emirates buildings. Another influence of the traditional UAE architecture came from the Ottoman Turkish architecture. The UEA adopted the techniques that the Ottomans were using to construct huge inner spaces that could achieve a perfect blend of light and shadows. This made the vernacular buildings to be refined into elegance. The UAE architects
Role of Consumer Behavior in Insurance Positioning Consumer behavior is a broad concept that critically analyzes consumer purchases with the aim of predicting future purchases. It explains why a consumer settles on a certain product or service as opposed to another. Positioning refers to the view and opinion a customer places on a product in relation to competition. A positioning strategy should take into consideration a number of factors. One such factor is the effect of consumer behavior. The role of a positioning strategy is to prepare the mind of a consumer. The basis should be differentiating a company’s product from competitors. In a market where the insurance service is the same, this is tricky. However, the service provider should strive to meet the basic requirements of a service before engaging in secondary requirements. In United States, it is a legal requirement for any individual who owns or drives a vehicle to buy Auto Insurance. This provides a vast target market encompassing virtually all segments. Since this is not an essential product, a number of factors influence a customer’s decision to buy insurance from a particular provider. Most customers might look for comfort, value addition and innovativeness since prices are almost the same. Hence, it is imperative for Nationwide Auto Insurance to employ a strategy that puts it in that position (Usunier 2000). Creating long-term bonds requires creating new ways that meet the sophistication and unpredictability of customers. Nationwide Insurance does not compete on prices. Rather, it employs a value addition policy that ensures brand loyalty. Consumers perceive non-basic items as unnecessary costs. They do not enjoy purchasing auto insurance. This means that Nationwide should use creative ways to make this a good experience. From the above, it is important to note that Nationwide can combine a service whose requirements are bound to possession of yet another product. For example, Nationwide can package Car Insurance and Life Insurance together. Unlike luxury products, which customers may quit using once they fulfill their urges, this service (insurance) is a requirement. Hence, the principle of diminishing returns does not apply. Income and b
Introduction The Success International Company has managed to expand its business given that the aim of every business operation is to increase productivity. However, the expansion of its business operation has necessitated an increase in labor. As a result, the company has been characterized by work overlap that tends to create a challenge while handling a proper communication channel between various departments of the company, as well as between the workers and the customers. This stems from the fact that the company has an obligation of keeping a wide range of information pertaining to its customers, business trends, as well as its profit margin. Using paper work to convey such information is ineffective since it is vulnerable to errors that normally emanate from handwriting, lack of privacy, and lack of a system that helps to evaluate the letters, invoices, or purchases orders that need urgent attention (Rahman 13). Therefore, a balance that bridges the communication gap amongst members of various disciplines and between the company and its customers must be sought in order to avert this discrepancy. Because of this, it was expected that adopting automation system would facilitate company’s operations and communication channels. But the question of how to adopt automation system surfaced due to the logistics involved in it. This report primarily concentrates on evaluating the major shortcomings that emanate from paperwork. It then provides a recommendation of adopting automation system from paperwork to supply answers as to what extent the automation system has on improving the company’s operations and communication channels. It does so by carrying out interviews with the staff, as well as analyzing relevant articles in a bid to evaluate the factors that facilitate a successful transition from paperwork to the automated system. Findings And Conclusion Research Methods on Elements of Problems in Task Functions Errors in the Success International Company were attributed to a number of factors. While some errors emanated from the work practices, others emanated from relationship between the workers, as well as relationship between the workers and the customers. Informational and grammatical errors are prevalent in the working environment due to lack of a system that helps to avert the situation. For case in point, grammatical mistakes emanating from poor handwriting, such as popper instead of paper, have led to writing incorrect invoices. The informational errors, such as wrong placements of decimal points while placing the cost of the products, have resulted to a discrepancy in the operation system. Additionally, the Success International Company lacked a clear idea that could create awareness of environmental damage caused by business practices and processes. An ethnographic study aimed at evaluating the causes of errors in paperwork found out that informati
Planning and Preparing for the Trip In planning a trip to the Ministry of Sports in Kenya, Africa, the most important is selecting a convenient mode of communication. In this case, a WhatsApp group will be created, and all the members included in the group. The team will not only meet physically but also e-, meet at Google-Meet to ensure 100% attendance when planning the trip. During the first meeting, leaders will be chosen to ensure that things run smoothly. In this case, one person will be chosen to take care of accommodation and food, another person to take care of transportation and the third group leader to take care of the main activity. All the group members will agree to a budget so that no one will be surprised by additional costs in the middle of the trip. The specific date of the trip should also be agreed upon and confirmed by all the members. How we will Travel The group will travel in two separate trips, whereby the second trip will leave a day after the first trip. The traveling plan will be coordinated and managed by Bonfire Adventures, who will ensure the smooth running of the trip. The company will be responsible for booking the two flights. The tours and travel company will also manage navigation from the airport to the hotel, with unique and comfortable buses. They have a better comprehension of the city and the entire country. Bonfire adventures will also ensure that the group is comfortable in their recommended hotel. It is beneficial to travel with travel and tour agents because they offer competitive prices, especially for groups, guarantee security when navigating through the travel destination, and also help in saving time. Most importantly, the tours company will help the team learn about the culture of the people in order to avoid culture shock. Where we will Stay The team will stay at hotel Gracehouse Resort in Nairobi, where the bookings will be made early to accommodate everyone. The resort is a convenient place to stay, considering that we w
Subject area and relevance to Diplomatic Studies This paper will explore the challenges/threats to Turkey’s national security as a direct result of the current conflict in Syria which threatens to send the entire region into a state of turmoil. With factors related to regional and foreign alliances, ethnic conflict, increasing tensions within the region as a direct result of spillover effects as well as the possible militaristic intervention of western powers, this has created a situation where Turkey may find itself embroiled into a full scale regional conflict (Anderson, 16) (Leenders, 1563). The Research problem(s) and/or question(s) With the escalating conflict in Syria which has spiraled into a full blown civil war, Turkey, as a result of its proximity to Syria, has become host to 33,000 civilian refugees as well as dozens of military defectors. Not only that, tensions between the two states have become considerably strained as Syrian rebels often utilize the border between Syria and Turkey as a staging ground for their attacks on the regime of Bashir Al Asaad which threatens to bring Turkey to the brink of war with Syria as a result of Turkish sympathies for the plight of the rebels as well as vocal protests over the thousands of civilian deaths that have occurred since the start of the conflict (Syria: Protracted Civil Conflict Scenario Increasingly Likely, 19)(Saad, 13). It is based on this that it must be questioned whether Turkish assistance towards the rebel faction actually promotes its national security issues since it helps to bring about a swift end to the conflict or if such actions acts as a catalyst for greater challenges for Turkey’s national security and if so should Turkey actively distance itself from the actions of the rebels? It must also be questioned what the possible impact radical Islamic militants may have in the coming conflict and whether this may affect Turkey in the long run. Research Aim This research aims to examine, identify, and analyze the various threats to Turkey’s national security brought about by the current conflict in Syria. This will be done through an exploration of the current Syrian conflict, what events have connected Turkey to it and the historic relation Turkey has had with its neighboring states and what this could mean should the conflict escalate beyond Syria and encompass the region (Bercovitch and Jackson, 1 – 30). Literature Review Turkey at the present can be considered a nation at the crossroads of international relations due its close economic and diplomatic stance with the U.S. as well as its possible accession into the E.U. This is despite its location which many consider to be part of the Middle East due to its proximity to Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria (Aras and Polat, 495-515). This creates a plethora of national security issues for the country due its proximity to countries that possess a variety of Islamic militants who have a distinctly negative stance on western influences (Abu-Qarn and Abu-Bader, 1-23) (Interfax, 1). This particular situation is further exacerbated by the current Syrian conflict which threatens to spill over into Turkey as a di