ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Are you wondering why you are losing strength as you are growing older? Once we reach the age of 30, our bones stop growing and making new cells, and we are left to live the rest of our lives with the current condition of our bones. The musculoskeletal system of our body provides us with several important features. Firstly, the bones provide our bodies with the internal structure that helps us stand straight, walk upright and even lay down. Secondly, the bones give us the axial balance that allows us to move forward, backward, and even turn around. Thirdly, the muscles of our body are the sources of strength that we immediately use for any activity, from the simplest movement such as writing a letter to difficult activities such as weightlifting. It is therefore important that we understand how bones and muscles work and that we maintain good health and not abuse or misuse these parts of our body. Has it ever come to your mind that whenever you find difficulty performing an activity these days, you would remember those earlier days when this same activity was easier to do? Take the example of jogging. If you are experiencing shortness of breath now, you will quickly recall that you used to do the same length of running ten years ago, and you never felt any difficulty jogging then. Or maybe going up a flight of stairs, and you end up catching your breath on the last few steps of that trip. Our usual response is, “I’m getting old.” It’s true, each one of us is growing old, and there’s no exception to that. And as we grow older, the parts of our bodies grow old, too. The bones and muscles of our body need enough movement each day in order to maintain their pliability and strength. Physical exercise is another important aspect of our daily lives that may help enhance the potential of our bones and muscles. Let’s drink milk every day! There is this saying that milk is only for kids. This is so untrue. Milk contains calcium, which is the main component of bones. The Food and Drug Administration has indicated that children should consume around 2 glasses of milk every day, while for adults, 3 glasses of milk would be enough to maintain their bones. Therefore, the best scenario for healthy bones and muscles is to start early in life. Drinking milk starting at an early age and continuing on until the elderly years is very good. There is also this old saying that goes, “Everything in life is free.” Yes, indeed! And one of the most important th
Introduction Erik Erikson is one of the most popular modern psychologists and is considered to be an evolutionary psychologist; his theory of psychosocial development stipulates that an individual goes through eight evolutionary stages of human development. His contribution to the field of psychology, particularly personality developmental, is phenomenal. Additionally, his theory is considered to be one of the most influential neo-Freudian human development theories; it is also considered to be an improvement of Freudian Psychosexual theory (Schachter, 2009). Erikson, like Freud, divides personality development into several stages. Freud’s psychosexual theory proposes five stages of personality development, a theory in which Erikson seems not only to borrow from but also make improvement on. However, Erickson stipulates that there are eight stages of human development, unlike Freud’s five, and that human development starts at birth and ends at death. Therefore, Erickson is the first human development theorist to develop a theory that encompasses human development throughout a person’s life (Newman & Newman, 2009). Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development has grown in popularity. In the face of such popularity the theory is herein tested against a carefully selected subject for this assignment. The subject, herein referred to as Jane, is a twenty year old female student. The test focuses on Erickson’s fifth stage of personality development, Identity vs. Role Confusion. Information for the assignment is got through a face to face interview, and is used to determine the extent to which Erickson’s theory is effective. Attempt are also be made to compare Erickson’s fifth stage of psychosocial development with Freud’s fifth stage of psychosexual development. Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of personality development In his Psychosocial Theory of personality development, Erik Erikson, like Sigmund Freud, proposes that an individual goes through several progressive stages of personality development. Unlike Freud who proposes five psychosexual stages of personality development, Erickson proposes eight major stages, beginning at birth and ending at death. In this theory, Erickson stipulates that the development of a healthy personality is hinged on a person’s ability to go through all the stages successfully. In each stage of Erickson’s personality development, there are vital psychosocial skills that a person ought to master, besides the attainment of a corresponding virtue. However, graduation to the next stage is not solely dependent on the masterly of vital psychosocial skills at the previous stage. This implies that it is possible for an individual to skip certain developmental milestones with regards to Erickson’s psychosocial theory of personality development. A brief summary of Erickson’s developmental stages is described below, together with the Freudian equivalent of the Erickson’s first five stages of personality development. Stage                Age    Crisis                       At
Introduction The current paper is concerned with both theoretical and practical issues of market research. It consists of three parts. The first part is aimed at investigating the roles that both strategic and tactical marketing play in obtaining a sustainable competitive advantage in the market by an organization. Definitions of the key notions are provided, a theoretical analysis of the issue is supplied, and several retailers are considered as examples. The second part is concerned with the business environment which exists in Canada in its relation to retail supermarkets. Both internal and external analysis of the issue is proposed. Finally, the third part of the paper addresses a theoretical issue, namely, Porter’s model of generic strategy analysis. The drawbacks of this model are considered, and the origins of these limitations are explained; at the same time, the advantages which can be obtained by employing this model for analysis are also considered. The Role of Strategic and Tactical Marketing is Gaining and Using a Sustainable Competitive Advantage Critical Analysis of the Role of Marketing Marketing is one of the key components of any business activity. On the whole, marketing involves the research of the market and the development of methods aimed at promoting and selling products by identifying, forecasting, and satisfying the desires of the clients. West, Ford, and Ibrahim (2015, p. 7) point out that some of the main components of marketing include “the famous 5 Ps,” namely, “developing the Product (good or service), Pricing it, Placing it in the market, Promotion, and dealing with people who influence the buying of it.” It is also important to differentiate between strategic and tactical marketing; the former is aimed at the creation of a long-term strategy which would allow a company to gain a sustainable competitive advantage and thus to survive and develop over a long period, whereas the latter has as its goal obtaining profits in the nearest future. It is also important to define the notion of a (sustainable) competitive advantage. A competitive advantage is a circumstance that allows a business to occupy a position in the market which is better than that of its competitors, for instance, by providing a product or service at a lower price or in a manner that is more favored by customers. A sustainable advantage is a competitive advantage that cannot be easily copied by rivals and is, therefore, lasting (“Competitive Advantage” n.d.). Therefore, it is clear that strategic marketing is critical for a company to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage in the market (West, Ford & Ibrahim 2015). It is the analysis of the market and of the desires and needs of the customers that allows a company to identify its existing or potential strengths and find a way to use them to gain an advantage. Strategic marketing also involve
Executive Summary My previous report to COSCO Group Trans-National Company (TNC) introduced to the group the idea of critical success factors (CSFs) for the Maritime Logistics sector. This addendum report develops this idea further by; 1) being an appendix that critically evaluates three most important CSFs currently driving the Maritime Logistics sector and that additionally evaluates one CSF that I feel is being overlooked by the sector. 2) Demonstrating, to some detail, how the effective management of these four CSFs will deliver an effective Competitive Advantage for COSCO Group: over each other and over their competitors, in the Medium-Long term. This addendum report goes on to demonstrate to the Group, using examples, how innovative Maritime Logistics processes might be introduced to it and Wilh. Wilhelmsen Holding ASA, – another Maritime Logistics company- in the Medium-term. The examples in this demonstration are current and capture successful and unsuccessful innovations. To demonstrate its key issues this addendum report regularly compares COSCO Group and Wilh. Wilhelmsen Holding ASA. Wilh. Wilhelmsen Holding ASA is a global maritime industry group in Oslo, Norway. Morten Wilhelm Wilhelmsen established it in 1861 in Tønsberg, Norway. In 2009, Wilh. Wilhelmsen Holding ASA registered a profit of $240.8 million. Introduction Critical success factors, as the name suggests, are factors
Poetry is one of the greatest forms of expressing human thoughts. Poetic language is a specific language which seems to be too ideal. However, when some people consider poetry as the greatest destination of the literature, others are afraid of poems and everything connected with them. There are a lot of different reasons why people are afraid of poetry. However, in most cases this is not the fear of poetry, this is the fear to fail to understand the poetry or the fear to seem too old-fashioned among peers. Looking closer at the problem, it may be stated that some of the poems are difficult for perception. Additionally, many writers use the words which are not used in the every day life, that is why students are obliged to search for the meaning of these words and then reread the poem for several times to understand its main meaning. Moreover, many authors of the poems refer to symbols and the plot which seems strange for most people. Therefore, it may be concluded that the language and the meaning of the poems make students fear this piece of literature. Many students in the modern world got used to get the information on the Internet, that is why most of the poems are analyzed there and students are not to spend their free time on understanding the meaning. However, when students are asked to read a poem and reflect on it in class, many students feel real fear as they are unable to understand those poetic and archaic (in some cases) words which they meet in the poems. The fear to look old-fashioned is another reason for the problem. Such issue is usually considered among those students who have low self-esteem. Being afraid that others will consider them as not appropriate for their company, many students are afraid of using the poetic words, reading poems and show their interest and knowledge in poetry. The possibility to be considered as a stranger is class is considered as a great disaster for some students and they prefer to stay way from poetry in order to go along with other students. However, I am the one who is not afraid of poetry as I understand that poetic words are sacred. Reading Shakespeare I get to know a lot of different words and their meaning, I don’t afraid of poetry as I believe that the difficulties it places before me are able to make me stronger. Of course, it is difficult to read Shakespeare without interpretation, but this is a great experience for me. I want to assure that reading poetry I increase my vocabulary, I get to know a lot of information and, what is believed to be the most important. I learn to think. Poetry makes me think about the problems it rises, as sometimes in the several lines the meaning of the whole book of prose may be found. Therefore, it may be concluded that those who are afraid of poetry are either those who are afraid of difficulties, or those who are not sue in their superiority or want to be accepted among peers. However, one should ask a question, whether those who are unable to read the poetry and properly understand it deserve to be called the leader of the team?
Seeing a contemporary statue of the Buddha in an active temple, in a museum, and in a book each offers a different perspective. The experience is different, and seeing the same subject in these three settings allows me to realize how important context is. It also has helped me realize that the more I know about the background of art, the more I can appreciate it, even if it may seem silly or strange. The Temple building: The Mahayana Temple on Canal Street in lower Manhattan is a rather colorful building from the outside. It is a relatively new building faced with yellow stucco. The walls are decorated with low relief representations of ceremonial gates that are found in traditional Chinese communities. The overall effect is very visually striking, and drew my eye. However, it is drastically different from the way that houses of worship from some other faiths present themselves to the street and the neighborhood. Rather than being discreet in design, quiet, and blending in with the surroundings, this house of worship advertises its presence enthusiastically. The entryway door, however, is not particularly dramatic or tall. Once inside, the room is scented and quiet for the most part. A long table is set with chairs. This suggests to me that at other times, either a ceremonial or communal meal is enjoyed, or perhaps planning meetings go on in this space. This gives me the impression of a community that worships here and perhaps does good works in the neighborhood, or in the city more widely, from here as well. I noted a scent of something unfamiliar and sweet in the air. Several gentlemen in robes were chanting, as well. It was not crowded when I was there, but the room could have held a good-sized group. The room: The visual focus of the room is the large golden statue of the Buddha set on a raised platform. Before the statue, on a table and on the platform of the statue, are small oranges, pineapples, other fruit, and flowers. On the wall behind him are several sets of vertical decorative motifs that appear to be stylized buildings. These decorations are executed in gold. There is also a circular motif of what appears to be flame around his head. There is neon lighting outlining this flame design and a mirror that reflects that back of the Buddha’s head. Everything looks quite new. Beside the Buddha on each side are conical constructions of lights. These immediately evoke the memory of Christmas trees for me. However, they must fulfill a different in purpose and meaning, except for the common use of light to honor a sacred space or time. The statue: Seated with one foot on the other knee, with his the ring finger of his upraised right hand touching his thumb, the Buddha rests his left hand open in his lap. His eyes are open, his mouth has a slight smile, and he wears a draped garment. His ear lobes are prominent, and his features are distinctly Chinese, or Sinitic. In fact, the modeling of the features is almost cartoon-like in its simplicity. The Buddha himsel
The video in question raises questions that are to be addressed as soon as possible. Scholars, educators, politicians, economists understand that the contemporary system has a variety of flaws that cannot be tolerated anymore. However, people have not come up with any solutions or even ideas on how to handle this. David Harvey claims that capitalism is a corrupt system that leads humanity to a new crisis or even catastrophe. Admittedly, the sociologist is right in many respects when saying that capitalism does not have solutions other than spreading the problem or transcending it to other areas. Recent events (such as crises in Greece, other European countries, Asian countries) can be regarded as examples of this spread. Thus, poor people are becoming poorer while billionaires continue accumulating resources. It is also disturbing that financers (not manufacturers) accumulate money. Capitalism is the result of industrialization, i.e., manufacturers producing goods became wealthy. At present, manufacturers often go bankrupt and fewer goods are being produced. However, the lack of resources and their disproportionate distribution will inevitably lead to a serious crisis. Therefore, the system should be changed. Admittedly, people’s nature (i.e., greediness) will not change, and many people will not want to build a fair society where resources are distributed properly. Thus, a charismatic leader will help build a new society. The system should be based on principles of socialism but should embrace all countries. It is necessary to create a global socialistic society where resources are produced, accumulated, and distributed fairly. Proper management and people’s commitment to helping humanity evolve will ensure the creation of the new society.
Abstract The main aim of Insurance is to minimize the risks involved in various aspects of life and to cover and compensate the owner for any loss is suffered by the owner. Insurance may be taken to cover the risks involved in life, property, and business. Mainly there are two types of insurance, namely, life insurance and general insurance. General insurance involves fire and miscellaneous insurance. This type of insurance covers a host of things ranging from burglary, theft, fidelity guarantee, livestock and crops, employer’s liability, and lastly insurance of the motor vehicle. Insurance is a system of sharing risk and is responsible to pay the owner who suffers any kind of damage covered in the contract. Insurance plays a pivotal role in minimizing risk and in compensating against the damage suffered. Insurance The term life assurance better known as life insurance is a contract between two parties, one is the policy owner and the other is the insurer. In life insurance the insurer agrees to pay compensation to the policy owner upon occurrence of an undesired event and the compensation is paid for the same, this undesired event can be death or accident or any other event which causes damage to the policy owner. In retu
Introduction Two major revolutions that occurred in Russia in 1917 largely shaped further development of the country and its global political position. In March 1917, the communists managed to remove Tsar Nicholas II fro the throne, and in November 1917, the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government, finally changing the country into a communist state and creating the U.S.S.R. Later, the U.S.S.R. developed into a totalitarian state under the rule of Joseph Stalin. Orwell’s allegorical work Animal Farm serves to highlight the key aspects of the Russian 1917 revolution and Stalin’s harsh role that followed suit. Causes The key long-term cause of the 1917 Revolutions was the class system that existed in the country under the monarchy. Until 1861, the vast majority of the country’s population were peasants that were owned by the affluent upper class. In 1861, they were freed but remained poor nonetheless. The industrialization created a new class – the working men – who were heavily exploited due to the harsh economic conditions. Their working and economic conditions were significantly worse than in other countries, which led to protests and increased the people’s dislike towards the monarchy (Goff et al. 139). In Orwell’s Animal Farm , the monarchy is represented by Mr. Jones, whereas most of the animals represent the working class or the peasants. By portraying the society in this way, Orwell highlights the inequality and oppression that were characteristic of the Russian society of the time. Another significant long-term cause of the Russian revolution was the tsar’s military failures in Japan and the events of the Bloody Sunday, which showed Nicholas II as an unstable ruler. He was unable to address the people’s struggles and did nothing to support the low and middle classes, which led to public disapproval of his rule and the monarchy in general. Similarly, in the Animal Farm , Mr. Jones fails to fulfill the need of his animals and care for them while reaping the benefits in the form of money and food. The old Major’s words serve to outline the conflict between the monarchy and the Bolsheviks: “Man is the only creature that consumes without producing […] Yet he is lord of all the animals” (Orwell 2). The development of the Marxist ideology that would treat all human beings as equal and abolish class distinction was exactly what the society of the time was willing to create. The main short-term cause of the revolution was the World War I (Hodge & Cambridge par. 5). The war resulted in significant demographic and economic struggles that further impaired the position of poor peasants and the working class. The peasants were especially outraged at the military losses, as farming without young working men was barely possible, while the working class was upset at the closing of the Putilov plant in February 1922. Orwell shows farm animals experiencing the same problems that were pertaining to Russian society of the time, including poverty and hunger. Both the long-term and the short-term causes of the revolution
The British East India Corporation in the financial year 1857 managed over 1.60 million subcontinent-squared miles of the territorial land. These included controlling the freshly invaded nations such as Punjab and Sind in the fiscal 1849 and 1843 respectively. These areas were under the protection and control of equal, but huge military forces comprising of three separate defense forces surrounding the presidents from Bengal, Bombay, and Madras. The joint national troops for this company only totaled to two hundred and eighty thousand men in the fiscal 1856. This made it the major all-unpaid mercenary defense force globally, and the most tactical and commanding tool for Britain to dominate the world. However, a year later the Bengal defense force, which was the strongest arm of the military showed signs of ending the reign of British in India (Bayly 51). Whereas the corporation of East India started its trade dealings in the 17 th century, the conversion into a defensive dynasty in the 18 th century necessitated that it incorporates martial issues in its policies. The company had to stabilize its rule by suppressing the alliances and border securities, as well as the internal instability. Communication, transportation and strategies to avert the risky pan Indian combination encountered difficulties implying that the corporation control centers at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras had to maintain different civil, military staffs, commanders in chiefs, and detached military establishments. Bengal housed the slackly coordinated Indian army presidencies, who controlled policies on the Indian revenue collection, diplomacy, and warfare (Brodkin 278). The military of India comprised of different customs and citizens. In fact, regulars from Britain were incorporated in the regal defense forces where they rotated duties while each of the three presidential armed forces employed citizens from Europe. Armed forces from Europe that operated in India by 1857 totaled to forty thousand troops. Nevertheless, the Crown and Corporation militia regarded each other with shared revulsion and they were kept rather detached (Randall 9). In I