ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary A trade union is an organization of workers whose main objective is to regulate the relations between workers and employers. Trade unions have a legal personality separate and distinct from that of its members. This means that powers, obligations and immunities enjoyed only extends to the union itself, and not to its officials and members. For example, a trade union has the capacity to contract, can sue or be sued and can own property. Introduction The need for support and representation in legal matters, financial support, advice and welfare activities are some of the reasons behind formation of unions. A closed shop policy in trade unions provide for mandatory membership of all employees to the same trade union, hence strengthening the organization. Members expect protection and effective monitoring of working conditions by the trade unions. It is widely recognized that working conditions are deteriorating; unions need to improve their capability to monitor working conditions (Wang, 2005). Trade unions provide legal representation to workers facing legal action hence protecting members from exploitation. Unions are expected to have a distinguishable identity from that of employers and the state (Zhu, 1998). Professionalism among the trade union officials is desirable, the quality and effectiveness of education and training provided by the Trade Union College needs to be improved. It is widely recognized that industries with trade unions tend to have higher wages than those without. Unions achieve this by negotiating productivity deals and assisting in the implementation of new working policies, this enables the firm to afford higher wages. Trade unions are reeling from the effects of legislative changes which have made it hard for them to perform their duties. The introduction of the Workplace Relations Act 1996 together with subsequent amendments compromised trade union activities. The act required bargaining for the guaranteed conditions instead of strikes. The act also Introduced Australian Workplace Agreement (AWAs) and individual agreements from which trade unions were excluded. The use of strategic selection techniques to manipulate union sympathies in the workplace and establishing alternative representative forms discriminated trade union activities (Briggs, 2004). In the post-1996 era the federal government has promoted empl
Overview Description Product description The product chosen for this market analysis is the Maotai Spirit manufactured by Kweichow Moutai of Guizhou Province, China. Established in 1951, Kweichow Moutai Winery has been able to grow steadily in the Chinese market through its luxurious brands of liquor drinks. Specifically, Maotai (the sorghum-based liquor) has gained recognition as China’s national drink. About 55 percent of the drink is manufactured from sorghum and wheat, and for centuries, this practice has persisted in Maotai Town, Guizhou Province for centuries (Valkeinen par. 1). In China, the alcoholic spirit has remained a significant part of the country’s tradition. It is recognized in several social events, including birthday celebrations, business entertainment, and state ceremonies. Spirit drinks have been used in China to show respect and happiness, and therefore China manufactures distilled spirit drinks in large volumes. Name and naming strategy Traditionally, the product has been known as Maotai, and it remains the most famous Chinese spirit drink. As a result, the product will retain its original name and continue to drive the brand in the global western market. The spirit has a long history in China and is associated with the activities of the Red Army in 1935 and the Long March. The rebel commander, Zhou Enlai, later referred to Maotai as “China’s “national wine,” giving it an undeniable marketing edge over the other gullet-searing grain spirits, collectively known as baijiu, and tossed back at banquet tables across the nation” (Jacobs par. 1). Position It is not simple to find Maotai Spirit in the US market. Maotai Spirit is a luxury brand in China with a single bottle fetching over $200 (Jacobs par. 5). The product, therefore, will trade in the US market as a premium brand for high-end liquor consumers (Xin 3). In the recent past, it has been noted that the price of Maotai has continued to rise steadily as the number of middle-class citizens continues to rise. On the contrary, the Chinese government has introduced measures to combat luxurious spending. For instance, when the price rose by 20% in 2011, some lawmakers considered it appropriate to introduce a price ceiling on the ‘national spirit. The Spirit is rear and only brewed in a remote part of the city. The increasing costs of raw materials such as wheat, sorghum, water, and other grains have led to a steady rise in prices. These conditions, coupled with affluence and rising consumerism in China, imply that the price of the product will not come down soon. Therefore, Maotai Spirit must be positioned as a luxurious, premium brand
On the basis of information provided in the article and course material, it is evident that communication plays a critical role in healthcare provision and patient satisfaction. Therefore, the need for bilingual and multilingual healthcare experts is increasing since patients can come from a wide range of communities who might not be as proficient in the English language as one expects. Although interpreters are useful and partly solve the problems of language barriers, they cannot replace an intimate interaction between a nursing professional and a patient. For example, it is stated that “patients with limited proficiency in English have less access to and satisfaction with care. This contributes to health care disparities for these populations” (Boyarsky, 2019, p. 11). In other words, the same healthcare service can be received differently on the basis of lingual barriers. The Transition in Nursing course and one’s journey to RN involve mandatory interactions with patients, where the aim is not only focused on patient treatment but also on trust and relationship building. In a current patient-centered healthcare environment, where patients are key decision-makers in regard to their healthcare options, it is of paramount importance to enhance their voices in the communication process, which requires the elimination or minimization of communication barriers, such as language. It is important to understand that patients are human beings who behave differently under strict formal interactions, such as being uncomfortable communicating intimate issues (Boyarsky, 2019). Therefore, it is safe to state that encouraging bilingualism is not only an optional bonus but rather a necessity. The latter is especially true in such a multicultural and diverse environment as American society. Such measures reduce inequity in healthcare by reducing disparity in regard to access and patient satisfaction. Reference Boyarsky, K. (2019). The small talk matters. American Journal of Nursing, 119 (4), 11. Web.
Nowadays, the hair products take an important place among the consumer goods. It is not surprising as keeping up to date requires the careful attention to your appearance. It is often argued that the first impression plays the crucial role in the relationships between people. Our hairstyle tells a lot about us and the grooming of the hair is, undoubtedly, important in order to look well. The aim of this essay is to evaluate the hair styling product by L’Oreal Paris. Recently, the company has launched its new series of hair styling products EverStyle . The series represents a number of products helping to create the texture of the hair. EverStyle Texture Series Beach Spray is the hair care innovation by L’Oreal Paris, which can be used to make the light waves in your hair without its weighting. The producer used a new content for the hair styling products. In particular, EverStyle Texture Series Beach Spray contains the sea salt, a natural ingredient helping to make your hair looks healthy and shiny. The product is alcohol-free and does not contain any waxes, and parabens (“EverStyle Texture” n.pag.). The company claims that it is 100% vegan. However, if you look at the content, you can notice that the spray is produced not only from the natural ingredients. In particular, you can see that it contains phenoxyethanol, which is the chemical liquid (“EverStyle Texture” n.pag.). The cosmetologists and doctors argue that it can cause harm to your health and advice to avoid the cosmetic products, especially, the skin care ones, which contain this component. You should know that phenoxyethanol is considered to be the carcinogen. That means that it is able to cause the cancer. In addition, it negatively influences the central nervous system and may provoke the allergic reactions. Nevertheless, a lot of cosmetic products contain this ingredient. You should be cautious when using them. EverStyle Texture Series Beach Spray also contains such component as orange peel oil, which is the natural ingredient. However, there are pros and coins of its usage in cosmetics. On the one hand, it is able to restore the damaged hair, and, on the other hand, it contains limonene, which can provoke the allergic reactions and skin irritations. The advantage of EverStyle Texture Series Beach Spray is that it does not contain the synthetic dyes. Besides, its light texture does not make your hair heavy and tight. It is a well-known fact that many of the hair styling products weight the curls making them weaker and causing the hair loss. The new spray by L’Oreal Paris softens your hair and makes the hairdo looks natural. In addition, it is long-lasting and easily removable from the hair at the same time. Many people prefer the hair styling products,
Saudi Arabia is a country that is rich in oil production in the Middle East. The oil production in Saudi Arabia was first discovered by the United States. In fact, there has been a great relationship between these two countries without written agreement. This relationship comes as a result of economic reasons. In fact, Saudi Arabia is a great ally to U.S in regard to her largest oil reserves and its strategic location. However, U.S.is also important to Saudi Arabia when it comes to provision of weapons and military training. In addition, the United States is the largest importer of oil and petrol from Saudi Arabia (Drezner 89). Economic Relations between U.S and Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has always been the largest U.S. trading counterpart in the Middle East. The International Trade Administration said that, Saudi Arabia used to export to the current United States of America 31.4 billion ranging from 22 Billion in the year 2009 a little lower than what was there initially in the year 2008 which by then was 54.8 Billion U.S. Dollars. To an absolute considerable extent, the type of high value of trade between these two allies is dictated by U.S. imports of hydrocarbons from Saudi Arabia. Additionally, U.S. also carries out expo
Introduction The Cleveland Clinic is a medical centre that is located in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The clinic is a multi-specialty institution. Cleveland Clinic has a bed capacity of 364 people, which can also be expanded to 490 bed capacity. The hospital is currently under construction and is expected to be complete by the end of 2013. The clinic will be offering a number of medical services, ranging from primary to tertiary services. The services to be offered in this hospital will help Abu Dhabi and the United Arab Emirates region to access international standards of healthcare. The demand for services from the clinic is going to be high given that it will be a leading clinic in the Middle East region. This paper will analyse the market conditions of Cleveland Clinic. Price elasticity of demand for the services offered at Cleveland Clinic Price elasticity of demand refers to the changes in demand that result from a percentage change in the price of a commodity, or a service. Price elasticity of demand normally has a negative figure, but the negative sign is usually ignored despite the fact that it is likely to bring some kind of ambiguity. Cleveland Clinic is expected to be offering international healthcare services in the United Arab Emirates. The clinic will be providing multi speciality services as well. No other health institution offers services of that level in the region. Therefore, the price elasticity of demand for the hospital’s services will be inelastic. This means that an increase in price will not cause any change on the demand. It is important to note that the price elasticity of demand for health services is generally inelastic since people do not have options other than acquiring the services when they are sick or need medical attention. Cost and market structure The cost of operation of the Cleveland Clinic is likely to be relatively high due to the kind of services it will be offering. High-level and specialized services will be offered in this health institution, thus the operating costs are expected to be high. The health centre operates in a monopolistic competition market structure. This is the kind of market structure that has a few large organizations that dominate the market, where each of the firms has a small share of the market and offers differentiated products or services. Cleveland Clinic is the largest health centre in the region at the moment. There are other health centres that compete with it, thus the clinic is not a monopoly. Cleveland Clinic offers differentiated services. The other players in the market also offer differentiated services, making the market structure a monopolistic competition. Impacts of global competition on Cleveland Clinic Globalization has been dominant in the world market over the last couple of decades. Most organizations have established international operations. The Cleveland Clinic will be offering its services internationally, thus it will be affected by the global competition. In the global competition, every organization tries to offer the best services to win more customers and increase profit
Introduction The book under discussion is written by Tanya Talaga and is called Seven Fallen Feathers . The whole plot rests on the deaths of seven Indigenous young people in Thunder Bay. Using this dramatic event as the background for the story, the author touches upon such important issues as racism, neocolonialism, and all forms of discrimination presented in modern society that is expected to be tolerant and humane. The book was firstly published in 2017 and became a significant event in the world of literature. According to the author’s words, the idea of this work emerged under the impact of the real problems people belonging to minorities face in their everyday life (Patrick, 2017). Being a news reporter, Tanya Talaga collected the material about the situation in Canada and federal elections as indigenous people were not planning on voting (Patrick, 2017). Communicating with the representatives of this group, the author discovered that the story with seven dead young people is more complex and sophisticated and should be provided to readers for them to know about how discriminated individuals might live. Summarizing the story, it is critical to say that it provides the needed context that can help to understand all events described in the book and problems that can be associated with them. First of all, Talaga (2017) offers a detailed history of the area near Lake Superior. She emphasizes the fact that in the past it was a meeting place of all Indigenous people who lived here (Talaga, 2017). However, in the course of development, it transformed into the center of the fur trade and finally, into a modern city with all its peculiarities and problems. The given detailed description of the background of the whole story is needed for individuals to understand the tragedy of seven students who died near the Lake. They had to travel to Thunder Bay to attend a high school and face multiple obstacles. In such a way, the story is a detailed description of every individual’s life and their personalities, family situation, and specific conditions under which they had to live. Arguments Analyzing the book and the main ideas presented in it, one should note that there are several issues that can be related to the problems society faces. First of all, Talaga introduces all these students collectively trying to show that existing issues affect wide groups of the population. By utilizing this very approach, the author wants to emphasize the systemic character of the problem which resulted in the death of seven people. One of these problematic spheres is residential schools that still remain a disputable topic. In the book, one can find the idea that this sort of educational establishment has a negative impact on the y
The present essay analyzes a manual for the use of a dishwasher developed by Bosch. The first positive characteristic of this manual is that it contains a lot of illustrations that make it easier to understand how to use the dishwasher. For instance, the manual depicts how to add rinse aid, arrange crockery in the dishwasher, and remove baskets (Bosch, n.d.). Thus, the manual is focused on its audience, who is not expected to know very well how to use the dishwasher. Besides, the section on the installation of the machine is not detailed and contains only fundamental suggestions. Hence, the authors of the manual expect it to be installed by professionals. Another reason that proves that this manual focuses on the audience is that the largest part of the text is presented in the form of bullet points. Therefore, a user could easily and quickly find all necessary information in the manual. The manual is problem-oriented, purposeful, and persuasive because it addresses precise issues that users might face. For example, it explains how to select the right program for specific types of crockery and food remains, cancel and stop the program, and check the condition of the machine. Even though the text is written without technical terminology, the manual remains professional. This conclusion is based on the fact that in the instruction, one could find answers to a wide range of specific questions. The manual contains instructions on how to use the dishwasher, take care of it, install, dispose of wastes, and what to do in case of a failure. As it has already been mentioned, the examined manual is designed-centered. It contains numerous illustrations, schemes, and bullet points that make it easy to read. What is more, near the paragraphs with warnings, a related sign is inserted. The exclamation point in a red triangle draws the attention of a reader and makes him or her focus on the content of the section. The manual is also logical: the first section is dedicated to the components of the dishwasher; in the second one, the manual tells the audience how to put tableware in it. Afterward, there is information on how to add water softener, salt, and rinse aid. Finally, the manual explains how to take care of the device and how to act in case of a problem. In spite of the previously mentioned advantages of Boschs manual on the dishwasher, it could not be regarded as research- and technology-oriented. Undoubtedly, the instructions explain how to use such a technological development as a dishwasher. Still, it conta
Introduction The paper is focused on memory and intelligence along with their age-related changes. Thus, the major concepts that will be discussed are memory, intelligence, and age. Memory is defined as the ability to remember things, people, and experiences. Intelligence is one’s skill to understand, think, and learn things, and aging is the process of becoming older. The central argument of the paper is that intelligence and memory change considerably across the lifespan, but these alterations are different in the two concepts. Theories of Human Development The selected topic is associated with the cognitive and emotional domains of human development. The concepts of memory and intelligence have been reflected in the works of prominent psychologists. In Piaget’s theory, intelligence is considered not as a fixed characteristic of an individual but as a process happening due to one’s biological maturation (Shriner & Shriner, 2014). There is a close relationship between intelligence and cognition since the ability to think and learn is the manifestation of one’s cognitive abilities. Piaget’s stages of development, as well as Vygotsky’s social theory, are concerned with childhood age (Shriner & Shriner, 2014). During each of these phases, there are specific skills and abilities that a child evolves in regard to intelligence and memory, such as scaffolding, repeating, and developing habits. It is crucial to pay attention to historical and cultural perspectives of the concepts of memory and intelligence in different cultures. For instance, in the past, people did not have notebooks to write down some important data to remember, and they used to tie knots or make cuts in a tree. Another example is training memory by repeating ancestors” names in some indigenous cultures. Although renowned psychologists focused their research on the early stages of life, it is important to trace the differences in human memory and intelligence that develop with aging. In their study focused on the changes in memory across the lifespan, Ofen and Shing (2013) remark that age-related alterations in memory systems’ neural regions are noted already at the perceptual level. When a person becomes older, his or her neural representations turn to be less distinctive. This phenomenon is defined as “dedifferentiation” (Ofen & Shing, 2013, p. 2263). Cognitive processing is reported to deteriorate with age due to the eliminated singularity of stimulus representations (Ofen & Shing, 2013). Another aspect associated with aging is that the capacity for producing new individual images rich in specific details becomes reduced. Therefore, memory is developed at the early stages of development and becomes less acute with aging. Intelligence, as well as the memory, starts to develop at an early age. Across the lifespan, there is a fall in the developmental dynamics of intelligence (Schalke et al., 2013). According to Schalke et al. (2013), there exist differential stabilities between the age of late childhood (12 years old) and middle adultho