ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper focuses on the peculiarities of efficient implementation of M&A. First, various measurement strategies are analyzed, and it is acknowledged that researchers come to different conclusions due to the use of different methodologies. The existing measurement methods involve stock-market-based measures, accounting-based measures, managers’ perceived performance strategies, expert informants’ assessments and divestment measures (Wang & Moini, 2012). Zollo and Meier (2008) identify two major dimensions: the level of analysis (with task level, transaction level, and firm level) and the level of time (short-, medium- and long-term levels). The paper also addresses main execution issues such as the lack of communication, unclear and unrealistic expectations and goals, too many compromises associated with organizational structure, the absence of the strategic plan and concepts, the lack of top management commitment, the lost momentum, and the failure to address IT issues in a timely manner. The two integration imperatives (urgency and execution) are also considered. Finally, the acquisition plan developed is enhanced in accordance with one of the metrics mentioned above. Major execution issues are analyzed. It is concluded that the new pl
Is it possible to imagine this life without computers? In fact, computers play an unbelievably significant role in people’s every day life both for work and entertainment. Each sphere of human life is connected with computers, Internet technologies, and online communication. The field of computer technologies is advanced day by day, and the changes are quite noticeable. It is necessary to admit that the development of computer technologies causes the rising of ethical, legal, and even some moral issues; this development has been advanced within a short period of time considerably in order to improve own business, distant communications, and information exchange. People click on their mice, type their keyboards, gaze at their screens, and enlarge their level of knowledge, meet new people, and, of course, earn money. Computer technologies have a certain influence on many spheres of life, and geology is one of them. The science about the Earth and its constituents provides people with a good chance to learn more about the place, where we live and know for sure how it is possible to improve our planet in future. The relation between the spheres of computing and the sphere of geology has lots of peculiarities and advantages connected to legal, ethical, social, and moral issues; the development of one sphere causes the changes within the other sphere, this is why any change should be analyzed from both sides and taken into consideration. Discussion Computerization of Society One of the first computers appeared in far 1940s in order to achieve positive results in the military sphere. At the beginning of the 1970s, the first personal computers became available for people. And, of course, the year of 1985, when the first Microsoft Windows was introduced, turned out to be crucially important for society and computerization all over the world. Nowadays, people may spend so much time in the Internet, so that “the relationship of Internet and society is characterized by antagonisms that are an expression of the modern antagonism between cooperation and competition” (Fuchs, 340). If people do not have common affairs, it does not matter that people have nothing to do with computers. Many people use computers to complete certain tasks, conduct researches, draw tables, and present information in a clear way. So, it is quite possible to find out numerous advantages as well as disadvantages of computerization of society, however, people will never argue that the use of computers may worsen their lives. Nowadays, people focus on such details, connected to computerization: design, size, font, and color turn out to be so important. For example, in the article of Steve Lohr, much attention is paid to clouds, which may considerably influence the development of the company, because “everyone talks about Google-style cloud computing software” (Lohr, 2009). Such points could seem senseless for people fro
Introduction Astrolabes are a two-dimensional model located in the celestial sphere. The name astrolabe was derived from two Greek words astron and lambanien. 1 These words mean something that catches the blissful bodies. Astrolabes have been used since time immemorial as a versatile astronomical instrument. Throughout history, astrolabes have been an elaborate inscription of brass discs. The reason why astrolabes became popular among our ancestors was its portability. 2 With an astrolabe as the instrument, astronomers made accurate measurements of various objects. 3 These included the position of celestial objects, time of the day or night by measuring the altitude of the sun, time of the year, part of the visible sky, altitude of any horizon object, current latitude, and NPS orientation. The oldest astrolabes to have existed are believed to have been made by Hipparchus in the BC centuries. 4 Throughout the years until the Middle Age period, astrolabes had been undergoing improvement as astronomers added more features to the original ones. It was later developed to become a complex astronomical instrument. In 1392, Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the most illustrative description of an astrolabe and its use as an astronomical object. 5 Early History of Astrolabes The invention of the early astrolabes is attributed to Hipparchus and Apollonius. The instruments resembled the modern analog calculator and could process various problems in the context of astronomy. Generally, the Greek astrologers were the first to create astr
Brexit (Britain-exit) is a commonly used inference to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (EU). On-going campaigns in the United Kingdom are anticipated to see a member state leaving the European Union. Supporters of this move feel that the exit of Britain from the EU would stabilize the economies of their countries. There are claims that countries in Britain are likely to make better deals without necessarily being members of the European Union. However, there are various economic implications of Brexit, as depicted in this essay. The predominant issues that characterize the exit of Britain from the European Union are the economy and immigration. Different projections have been derived based on different contexts of the European Union interventions in the United Kingdom. These predictions focus on primary issues, such as the effects of Brexit on the power of investment and trade patterns in the United Kingdom. This report aims at exploring probable economic impacts on trade patterns and foreign direct investment after the United Kingdom exits the European Union. How Trading Patterns Will Be Affected by Brexit Ebell, Hurst, and Warren (2016) reveal that Brexit will pose significant shifts in the trading patterns between Britain and other countries, especially those who are members of the European Union. As a result, the United Kingdom will most likely incur a huge and long-term loss of its gross domestic product. Although this assumption is based on inadequate research, most economists have used prudent methods that provide a close picture of what will probably happen after Brexit (Begg & Mushövel 2016). Indeed, Brexit would result in enormous economic costs for Britain. The ambiguity and distraction of lengthy and discordant separation meetings that are beyond the shadow of a doubt will most likely depress both investment and economic development in the United Kingdom. Studies have shown that the long-lasting annulment will result in reduced trade, investment, and migration between the United Kingdom and the European Union (Begg & Mushövel 2016). A research conducted in the London School of Economics’ Centre for Economic Performance reveals the anticipated lessening of trade between the UK and EU will presumably decrease the country’s GDP by approximately 9.5-percent (Ebell, Hurst & Warren 2016). Foreign direct investment (FDI) is also likely to drop by not less than 3.4-percent. These costs will pose potential threats to the economy of Britain in case it exits the European Union (MacDonald 2016). Figure 1: Estimated FDI net inflows if the United Kingdom had not been in the European Union (MacDonald 2016). According to Ebell, Hurst, and Warren (2016), the exit process is expected to bring about prolonged uncertainty. Although the Brexit process is theoretically projected to take two years only, there is a likelihood that it will even take a considerably longer time. In a controversial issue that involved fish, the arbitration of the disentanglement of Greenland amidst a population of 50,000 people in the 1980s took approximately three years. Being the second-largest economy in the European Union (with a popula
England was the birthplace for Anne Hutchinson. She was born in 1591. In 1634, she opted to relocate to Massachusetts Bay Colony after following John Cotton, who was the Puritan leader. She was very instrumental in the life and times of Cotton and his brother when they were serving as Christian ministers. Hutchinson was indeed a radical character who was known everywhere. It can be recalled that the Church of Boston excommunicated her due to her radical position. Worse still, the General Court of Massachusetts banished her on charges heresy. She died a few years later in New York following an Indian raid (Smith 68). Hutchinson was a key personality in the controversy that surrounded the antinomy. The latter took place at the Bay Colony of Massachusetts. She managed to preserve her voice in female activism. She was one of the highest flanked females who rose beyond limitations posed by male dominance to fight for a unique purpose. Hutchinson’s participation in religious matters was so public that she gained a lot of fame and of hatred in equal measure. It is also vital to mention that before religious activism was fuelled by Hutchinson in England, women served mostly in subordinate positions. However, the situation changed gradually as the female lay Christian ministers obtained a broad leadership scope especially after the Puritan movement gained momentum. There were no published works, journals or correspondence lefty by Hutchinson. This was typical of several contemporary female activists. The only records left were the antinomian controversy documents. The latter contained her trial details when she was convicted by the General Court. Historians have indeed utilized these documents after closely reading them. It is crucial to mention that the colonial crisis was marked with myriads of issues related to gender, theology, and politics. Feminism played a major role in shaping and remodeling the interests of women on religious matters (Winship 53). The feminist command of Hutchinson was contributed by a number of factors. To begin with, she was born in a family that was already rooted in deep and widespread Christian service. Her father (Francis Marbury) was a dissenting Anglican clergyman who was known throughout England. In her early life, she developed a lot of passion and interest in leadership skills while still living with her parents. Anne also acquired adequate education in theology. In 1605, the entire family relocated to London. After she was married to Hutchinson, they traveled widely and eventually came across John Cotton. The
Introduction Persuasion is the process of influencing other people’s attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors. Persuasive speaking is an activity which is aimed at bringing people or your audience to take your view or perspective about a given issue or subject. The persuasive speaker develops an argument in support of a position on a topic. The speaker relies on his or her ability to formulate a case that is going to be accepted by the audience. The speaker, therefore, formulates arguments that create meaning and provide evidence that supports the claims which one puts across. In this case, the informative speaker seeks to create a mutual understanding of a topic (Griffin). In addition, the speaker hopes to influence listeners to agree with a position and sometimes to take action as a result. Persuasion is necessary when there are two or more points of view on a topic: these may be directly opposed or differ only in degree. Case analysis I happened to listen to a student who was seeking support from other students for the position of student president. The aspirant was quite vibrant in the way he was presenting his points. To anyone who is objective or was objective at that time could have voted for him. However, he got jeers from his audience even before he could finish his speech (Naistadt). In an attempt to understand what was going on, I took an analytical perspective to his speech. In essence, this aspirant had challenges with his mode of delivery. The aspirant was delivering his speech i
Introduction In recent years, debates about sustainability have permeated the scholarly landscape as researchers and policymakers attempt to develop strategies and initiatives that could be used to secure our future. Most of the debates have focused on how stakeholders can integrate environmental concerns with economic and social considerations to ensure a sustainable and fulfilling future for the present generation (Browne & Weiss 2014). Other debates have focused on political and technological issues as the cornerstone for a sustainable future, arguing that political steadiness acts as a stabilizing force for other sustainability components to be achieved (Alipui & O’Shea 2015). While it is agreeable that these debates have their own merits and disadvantages, they all underscore the need to invest in education and ensure that the environment is conserved for future generations. Drawing from these elucidations, the present paper argues that the present generation can ensure a sustainable future by educating the population and minimizing man-made activities that continue to hurt the environment at unprecedented levels. Understanding the Sustainability Concept Most of the literature on sustainability has associated the concept with developmental issues to the point that sustainability is often perceived within the context of development (Browne & Weiss 2014). While it is clear that sustainability is not synonymous with development, it is worth mentioning that the two are interrelated in the context that human beings cannot be able to achieve a sustainable future without development. To ensure a sustainable future, therefore, people need to adopt development models that incorporate “the social, economic, and environmental objectives of society to maximize human well-being in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” ( Planning for a sustainable future 2010, p. 1). The scope of this description demonstrates that human beings must not only reconcile their development efforts with the earth’s ecological systems to achieve sustainability, but also have the knowledge and information needed to make conscious decisions on how to avoid adverse economic, environmental, and social consequences (Prodham 2013). It is in this context that environmental conservation and investing in education are underscored in this paper as the most important things that people need to embrace to ensure a sustainable future. Environmental Conservation Today, more than ever before, it is increasingly becoming clear that our future lifestyles and livelihoods are dependent on how well we preserve the environment. Ecological footprint calculations show that “our present situation is unsustainable in the long term, and we need to find ways in which we can meet our current needs that do not diminish the quality of the environment nor reduce the capacity of future generations to meet their needs” ( Educating for a sustainable future 2005, p. 4). This m
With the development of the UAE, put connections with other countries on the front burner and attracted the attention of numerous professionals. Emirati Law considers international treaties according to the statements from the Constitution and main legislation. The Constitution treats international relations in different perspectives. It is stated that the Supreme Council of the Union is responsible for “the ratification of treaties and international agreements” (“United Arab Emirates’s Constitution” 10). In this way, all treaties and agreements cannot be implemented without a special decree made by its representatives. The person that represents the country in international relations is the President (according to the article 54) but the Council of Ministers is in charge of “supervising the implementation of judgments rendered by Union Law Courts and of international treaties and agreements concluded by the Union” (“United Arab Emirates’s Constitution” 14). It is stated in the article 91 that the Government shall inform the Union Assembly of “international treaties and agreements concluded with other states and the various international organizations, together with appropriate explanations” (Khedr and Alnuaimi para. 23). According to Emirati Law, any international treaty should be evaluated to get to know how it will affect the country before it is accepted so that the adverse influence can be avoided. The implementation depends on the decisions made by the Governments and is affected by local regulations. The Supreme Council also shares power with the Council of Ministers. It has a right to approve international treaties and agreement. It is critical that delegation of ratification can be maintained only by the Supreme Council while all other bodies that hold power related to international treaties are to take immediate actions (Abed 135). Works Cited Abed, Ibrahim. The Historical Background and Constitutional Basis to the Federation . 2006. PDF file. Web. Khedr, Ahmed, and Alnuaimi, Bassam. A Guide to United Arab Emirates Legal System . n.d. Web. < https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/United_Arab_Emirates.html >. United Arab Emirates’s Constitution 2004. PDF file. 13 Feb. 2016. < https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2004.pdf >.
Behavioral CEO’s: The role of managerial overconfidence In the United States, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) have been observed to portray larger-than-life personalities and images (Malmendier and Tate 37). They have continued to grace news headlines in different parts of the country. Some have even gone further to publish books in an attempt to share their ideas with the rest of the world. Such aspects and achievements explain how the image of such managers is rooted in the concept of self-confidence. In an attempt to cultivate the best personas, such CEOs have continued to engage in numerous investment decisions. Unfortunately, such decisions have been observed to produce negative results. In the article “Behavioral CEOs: The Role of Managerial Overconfidence”, the authors argue that many Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) have continued to portray symptoms and signs of overconfidence whenever making their business decisions. The authors use various approaches to measure CEO overconfidence. The first one is the CEOs’ “willingness to keep their wealth undiversified by holding stock options until their expiration” (Malmendier and Tate 57). Some other widely-used measures include survey responses and psychometric tests. The article defines overconfidence as the belief that the price of a company is higher than it might be. External mergers and internal investments can therefore be used to track the available cash held by different firms. The article indicates that CEO overconfidence is also noticeable when “these leaders rely less on external equity-based finance or paying less in dividends” (Malmendier and Tate 57). Some CEOs will also force their firms to pursue various innovative strategies. More often than not, CEOs have been working hard to pursue their personal goals and benefits. At the same time, claim holders and shareholders expect such CEOs to be aware of their interests. Evidence has also shown conclusively that many managers focus on the best approaches to maximize shareholder-value (Malmendier a
A Review of Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 classic fiction novel that was written by African-American writer, Zora Neale Hurston (Jan. 7, 1891 – Jan. 28, 1960). Hurston was born to John Hurston and Lucy Ann Hurston and was the fifth in a family of eight children. Her mother passed on in 1904 and her father re-married. She was later sent to a boarding school, but dropped out due to non-payment of school fees by her father and stepmother. She was later employed as a maid in a theatrical band that toured America (Gale CEngage Learning, 2011). She returned to school and graduated from Morgan Academy in 1918. Soon after her high school graduation, Hurston entered Howard University where she went on to co-found the University’s student newspaper, The Hilltop. She left the University in 1924 and was awarded a scholarship at Barnard University; she obtained her BA in anthropology in 1927 and worked at Columbia University for two years (Gale CEngage Learning, 2011) By 1930, Hurston had written many short stories, including the much-hyped Mules and Men (1935), a landmark piece of writing that expounded on the African-American tradition. She also collaborated with several well-known African American writers such as Langston Hughes. Most of her novels were published in the 1930s and included Jonah’s Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), and Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939). Hurston spent the latter parts of her career writing for magazines and newspapers, before she disappeared from the public eye, and died in 1960 from a hypertensive heart disease (Lester, 1999). Of all her literary and factual works, Their Eyes Were Watching God