ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The particular topic that I decided to study within the frame of the project is the usage of such expressions as ‘to make an appointment andto make an appointment in the English language. The reason why this very topic has been chosen is closely interconnected with the fact that English is not my mother tongue. There was a situation that happened to me and encouraged me to search for additional sources to extend my knowledge related to English grammar. One fine day, I needed to arrange to see a doctor, and I gave a call to specialists from one dental hospital. A lady in the reception answered the phone, I said, “Hello, can I make an appointment?” The lady replied, “You mean that you would like to make an appointment?” Frankly speaking, this case encouraged me to think more about the peculiarities of the usage of some words in English. To solve this problem and find the information that would provide me and other non-native speakers with a substantial explanation related to the usage of these expressions in English, I decided to use the corpus tools we have learned during the exercise. To be more precise, I was using Google Ngram Viewer as it appeared to be the most appropriate tool to help me with my question. This tool allows users to track the popularity of a certain word or expression, they are supposed to lay down necessary parameters such as time-lapse, insert the particular word or expression to search for, and choose a corpus. After that, the system provides users with a graph showing the frequency of occurrence of the word or expression in texts from the chosen corpus, and these results can be analyzed and used in research papers as a justification of a certain point. Another important fact related to the given tool is that the user can insert two expressions together and compare word frequency results in different variants of the English language. In this case, my search inquiry would look like “make an appointment, make an appointment”. Due to the tool, students who learn English as a foreign language can collect a lot of interesting information and choose the most appropriate variant to express a certain idea. Speaking about the information on these expressions that I retrieved with the help of the discussed tool, it can be stated that they were used in different ways. To begin with, as it is clear from the graph showing the tendencies for modern American English, “make an appointment” is used a few times more often than “make an appointment” and this fact remains a clue encouraging non-native speakers like me to choose the first variant. The same tendency can be noticed in British English. Nevertheless, it is known that some people can “make an appointment” but this expression can be used only about specialists who confirm the planned visit. To check it, I used two more search inquiries: “patient takes an appointment” and “patient makes an appointment”.
Julie Otsuka was born and grew up in California; after acquiring an art degree from Yale University, she practiced her profession in painting prior to venturing in fiction writing at about thirty years of age. She obtained her Master of Fine Arts degree from Columbia and has won many awards, such as the Asian American Literary Award and the Faulkner Award, to mention a few. The author’s audience is the contemporary families, whom he enlightens with a past occurrence regarding the incarceration of a Japanese American family in the course of the Second World War (Park 140-143). The fact that the author has failed to give names to the major characters in the book is one of the indications that she is not biased. The book’s honesty and forthrightness in condemning injustices act as the sources of its charm. Perhaps avoiding names is a means of preventing bias by making the characters universal while ensuring that every detail provided resonates perfectly with all readers. The trouble facing the family in the book represents ordinary individuals caught up in bizarre occurrences past their control, a human experience. Even without bias, the author presents fine details of the accounts. The title of the book, current references, tokens that children carry with them to the campsite (a blue stone and watch), the killing of the dog on the eve of departure to the camp, and the experiences of the family make the story thrilling while ensuring that the reader identifies injustices carried out against the terribly underprivileged American family without the author being biased at any point. In this regard, the experiences in the book do not
The US National Park Service manages more than 400 national parks in the US. It also works with local stakeholders to revitalize the environment, preserve history, heritage, and recreational facilities. However, some of these national parks have faced major challenges related to overuse, human-wildlife conflicts, insufficient funding, climate change, pollution, concession systems, mining activities, fire, and illegal activities, among others. Moreover, popular parks like Yosemite and Yellowstone receive huge numbers of visitors every year, which overwhelm the available resources. Yellowstone National Park strives to protect natural and cultural resources and beautiful scenery within the park. Fishing is one major attraction in the park for many visitors, and it has a rich history. Consequently, fishing has continued to complement and promote the preservation of natural and native species. However, the introduction of some species in the park altered the natural ecosystem. This proposal explores challenges associated with destructive activities of some wildlife, humans, and fire in the national park. It also proposes possible solutions and a budget for the problems. Problems at the park Yellowstone National Park boasts of diverse ecology and high economic impacts in the city. It has significant cutthroat trout fisheries in the US. However, over the years, critical threats to the native trout have grown significantly. The trend has permanently changed the park, and its sustainability and future growth have remained unknown. Studies helped the park management team to understand that any negative impacts on the native trout number could have profound long-term impacts throughout the Yellowstone ecosystem. Trout are the main sources of energy for several birds and other animals and great recreational activity for visitors (Yellowstone National Park 1). At some point, a section of the Yellowstone water did not have fish. Consequently, park managers embarked on a massive restocking of the park with exotic fish, which had deep ecological outcomes. One major problem that occurred was the displacement of other native species of fish, such as Arctic grayling and west slope cutthroat trout. The exotic species now predate on the Yellowstone cutthroat trout. At the same time, policies on the management of the park have also shifted with ecological changes. For instance, the once-popular fishing for subsistence use and harvesting have declined to pave the way for the maintenance of the natural ecosystem and restoration of the previous park’s ecosystem. Exotic species of lake trout feed on cutthroat at a high rate. This implies that uncontrolled numbers of lake trout could decimate the native cutthroat trout and threaten other predators, which originally depended on Yellowstone cutthroat species for survival. For several years, the fire has played a fundamental role in shaping the ecosystem of the Great Yellowstone. Native plants are able to evolve and thrive after the fire. Park managers understand the importance of fires in influencing nutrients and plant species. However, fire remains one multifaceted factor for the park because of its b
Introduction Public and private sector management strategies are only different in theory but the manner in which such organizations (both public and private) are run and managed is more or less the same. However, the difference in context is so significant that it affects the outcome of the activities which these organizations conduct or are involved in. It has been seen for many years now that the performance of private firms is much better than that of public organizations yet they follow similar procedures and practices 1 . That is why scholars of recent times believe that public organizations should borrow managerial strategies from private firms if they want to achieve the goals and objectives which they have set and also to ensure that there is a smooth and efficient running of the organization. To improve their performance, public managers should try to adopt and implement management strategies which the private sectors have been using over time. This includes the adoption and incorporation of methods such as management with objectives, total quality management and payment of staff according to performance 2 . Although adoption of private management structures by public organizations has been viewed with a lot of scepticism, recent literature has shown that that is the only way forward for public organization to grow and develop. In the U.K for example, some public institutions have adapted and implemented management structures and methods which have been used by private firms and have become successful in the long run. This therefore should act as an eye opener for other public organizations to try and adapt these practices. The main aim of this paper is to establish the critically analyze the management practices which are being used by the public and private organization and to identify and explain their differences. Definitions of Public and Private Organizations Although similar, the main difference between public and private organizations is ownership 3 . While private firms are owned by shareholders and entrepreneurs, public organizations are owned by the entire public through the government or political communities. Further more public corporations are funded mainly by taxes levied on the citizens of the state and not the money paid by customers who utilize the goods or services which they offer. In private firms, market forces control the manner in which they operate while in public organization it is the political systems which control the manner in which they operate. Therefore due to the political interest in public organizations, they rarely attain their goals and objectives. According to the works of Bozeman, all organizations are privet. The only difference is the extent to which these organizations are private 4 . Therefore to distinguish between them he came up with a th
Introduction First of all, one should state that art represents the source of knowledge about the country and the culture of its nation. The cultural artifacts serve as the study means of the art history as well as of the techniques used by the artists in the past. The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston exhibits a unique collection of the Ancient Greek art objects, which is interesting from both the artistic and the historical points of view. The aim of this essay is to characterize the theme of the exhibition and to describe the exhibited art objects. The Purpose And Theme Of The Exhibition The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston is one of the largest art museums in the world. It is famous for its collections of the ancient art objects. The collection, which is the subject of the current research, is presented with the purpose of familiarization of the public with the culture of Ancient Greece. It encompasses such periods as the Neolithic age, the Bronze period, and later centuries in the history of Ancient Greece. Here, one could observe the ceramics found in Southern Italy, which was inhibited by Greeks at that time. It also includes the statuettes, statues, and reliefs created by ancient artists. Besides, it is possible to view the household goods, which are interesting for the investigation of the lifestyle, cuisine, and even the taste preferences of people living within that timeframe. These objects are also attractive for the study of ancient art as they are decorated with the traditional Greek paintings depicting the scenes from the Greek myths. The development of different art kinds in antique Greece reflects its long period of prosperity. The Description Of The Collection The Statute of Athena Parthenos Athena Parthenos was the goddess of war in Ancient Greece. The Greeks also considered her as the patroness of military art and strategy. They believed that Athena Parthenos protected science, art, knowledge, and ingenuity. She took a very important place in Ancient Greek beliefs and myths. It is not surprising that the capital of modern Greece bears the name of the goddess. This name reflects the thousandth history of the country. The Ancient Greeks believed that Athena was the creator of their state. Also, she ruled the family relationships and social well-being. The art object exhibited by MFA represents the marble statute of 154 cm in height. The weight is 232.7 kg. This piece of art is dated to the 2nd or 3rd century AD. The figure of the goddess is placed on the stone sized 69.9 x 55.9 x 51.4 cm. One can see a lot of decorations covering the head of the goddess and the upper part of her body. She has a long curly hair hanging over the shoulders, though does not have the hands. The decorations seem like the snakes rising to her neck. The goddess wears the traditional Greek dress touching the floor. Besides, one could notice her feet coming into view from the bottom of the clot
Introduction Unhealthy lifestyles have been associated with high levels of obesity and anorexia. Lifestyle changes are believed to have a significant effect in reducing people’s risk to anorexia and obesity. Anorexia has mainly been due to media’s obsession with very thin fashion models. Obesity on the other hand is the opposite of anorexia. It is excessive gain of weight. This topic on healthy lifestyles caught my interest because of the realization that these two disorders with associated detrimental effects can be prevented by adoption of healthy lifestyles. Therefore, I found it necessary to get more insight on this concept. What is more is that other people will benefit from this piece of information hence; will save a life through instigating change with regard to lifestyle. The reader needs to understand the importance of lifestyle in control and prevention of anorexia and obesity, as well as how he/she can adopt a healthy lifestyle. This paper will therefore focus on healthy lifestyles in the context of anorexia and obesity. Information Anorexia is associated with excessive loss of weight from the normal due to an extreme fear of gaining weight. Anorexia is synonymous to being skinny/thin and the growing numbers of anorexia, mainly among teenagers, are due to the media’s focus on thin fashion models. Anorexia is very prevalent among teenagers and as many as 3 in 100 teenagers are anorexic 1 . Unhealthy lifestyles such as avoiding food/fattening food, engaging in excessive exercise and self-induced purging cause anorexia. Healthy lifestyles that counteract these unhealthy lifestyles coupled with treatment help to avoid anorexia’s complications. When anorexia sets in, there are major lifestyle changes that need to be implemented. To start with, an individual needs to develop a regular eating habit involving a healthy diet. Anorexia entails unhealthy lifestyles with regard to eating. The need to have regular meals that consist of a healthy diet is imperative. This is because severe anorexia results in death due to the body’s inability to function properly. The functioning of almost every body organ is impaired to the point of death. This is attributed to irregular heart’s rhythmic action, hypokalemia, low blood pressure and related critical con
Introduction Different nations have different economic policies that guide investments in stock markets. Consequently, decisions to invest in the international equities will mean subjection into differing sets of polices opposed to the prevailing domestic conditions. The dilemma on the differences between the impacts of the factors affecting domestic equity returns and international equity returns has prompted several empirical studies to be done to unveil the differences. The findings of these studies indicate that, among the factors affecting equity returns, domestic factors were more influential than international factors. From this dimension, the writer gives opinion on why this is so. On the other hand, an immense body of literature presented herein investigates the reasons why there are low returns on equity investments in cross-countries. The focus of the studies is to give insights on the existing correlations on cross-country investment in equities and the low returns on equity investments. In this light, according to Serra (2000), “some studies claim that the low correlation of returns between countries results from the diverse industrial structures in each country that are mirrored by different industrial compositions of their stock market indices” (p.127). This means that the correlation between industries is imperfect. Hence, for industries with differing compositions, the correlation for equity markets is also imperfect. From this line of thought, the paper also focuses on giving the writer’s opinion on why industrial membership of a firm is of little importance in forecasting the international correlation structure of a set of international stocks. Domestic factors and international factors affecting equity returns Integration is a key factor that makes domestic factors that affect equity returns more salient than international factors. In this regard, there has been an incredible achievement in the integration of markets since the onset of endeavors for economic globalization. Nevertheless, amid this effort, there is still a room for magnificent levels of segmentation, which truncate into leaping the benefits that accrue from the diversification of international financial assets. Different market policies and varying economic circumstances in different nations often lead to the existence of different fiscal and monetary policies (Eun & Resnick, 2000, p.89). Therefore, the preva
There are many companies that provide consulting services to entrepreneurs. Among them, one can distinguish such organizations as Mind Tools Corporate, Contingency Planning Solutions , Inc., and Lloyds TSB. Each of them specializes in contingency planning. These companies have been selected because they work with various businesses, including small manufacturing firms that hire no more than 100 employees. Furthermore, they offer various services to clients, for instance, the training of workers or the development of information technologies that can be used to mitigate the impacts of a calamity (Lloyds TSB, 2013, unpaged). It should be taken into account that these organizations do not usually specify the exact amount of time that will be needed to develop a contingency plan because the length of their activities can depend on the specific production processes adopted by a manufacturing term. Nevertheless, this task can require a consulting firm approximately thirty days. Secondly, each of these organizations is ready to organize training for the employees of a business that needs consulting services (Lloyds TSB, 2013; Contingency Planning Solutions, 2013; Mind Tools Corporate, 2013). Overall, these consulting firms understand that manufacturers may need to communicate with experts who are knowledgeable in a specific area of production or risk management (Contingency Planning Solutions, 2013). This is why they hold many seminars that can be attended by many businesses. This is one of the main aspects that can be identified. Furthermore, these consulting firms do not specify the price for their services. In order to l
In my presentation, I am going to talk about E-learning tool that is actively used in various education programs nowadays. E-learning System: The Problem of Choice Companies and organizations apply to academic sources to reveal all the drawbacks and advantages of using e-learning system. In the 21st century, due to the development of modern technologies, it is possible to introduce new education systems that allow upgrading the skills of employees in organizations and increasing knowledge of students in colleges. The e-learning system is one of them. There are numerous companies, institutions, and educational organizations that examine the e-learning system trying to decide whether they should use it or not. Academics and researches around the world are involved in debates and discussions about all the drawbacks and advantages of this system. Scholars’ Opinion Scholars about e-learning:   * “E-learning courses are typically self-paced, allowing the individual learner to access training at any time or any location on their own” (Clark and Mayer 9).   * “When it comes to improvement of learner’s communication skills, e-learning may have a negative effect” (Arkorful and Abaidoo 36). For example, American psychologists Ruth Clark and Richard Mayer in their work “E-learning and Science of Instruction” reveal positive effects of the e-learning system (9). However, professors of the University of Cape Coast Valentina Arkorful and Nelly Abaidoo in their work “The Role of E-learning” assert that using the e-learning system can negatively impact learners’ communication skills (36). Therefore, there are some pros and cons of the described education system. Having searched both online and offline sources, I managed to reveal the main advantages and disadvantages of the e-learning tool. Advantages of E-learning   * Professional growth of employees;   * Encouragement of self-development;   * Low cost of introducing the system;   * Saving the time of employees and learners;   * Easy access to the results of trainings. The main advantage of using e-learning is an opportunity to improve the skills and knowledge of learners. It is a perfect tool that helps employers to upgrade the skills of employees in case if there is an introduction of a new business method that should be implemented in the near future. The opportunity to use e-learning helps to reduce expenses for renting rooms for lectures and saves the time of employees who do not have to spend hours on coming to the office. This system is actively used by some universities that offer online courses for students. It allows those who are disabled or live abroad and cannot attend courses at universities obtaining high education without leaving a place of their location. The e-learning system also saves time for instructors and employers who do not have to check papers in order to see the results of trainings and courses. Everything can be found in charts that are created automatically