ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has a long history dating back to the late 19 th century. The conflict has been in existence for all these years without an amicable resolution. The rise of Zionism and Arab Nationalism in the late 19 th was the genesis of this conflict. The Jewish immigrants in Europe got fed up with the continual persecution of Jews and began thinking about relocating to their original land of Israel (Milton-Edwards, 2009). The intense desire to re-establish the Jewish nation by the Jewish population was sparked by the underlying beliefs of the Jewish religion with of them being repatriation to Zion. Zionism gave rise to a political movement whose main objective was to establish a Jewish nation in Palestine (Milton-Edwards, 2009). The Jews needed the right to self-determination and this mission was the perfect way of achieving their long-term dream. This paper will extensively discuss the history of the Israeli-Palestinian war and the major players in the conflict. The task of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine was a tall order and required the right strategies and adequate planning. To show their determination towards attaining their own state, the Jewish population around the world began forming organizations such as the Jewish National Fund and the World Zionist Organization. These organizations raised funds for purchasing land in the Palestinian region during the British rule (Karsh, 2002). This action by the Jews did not go down well with the Arabs in Palestine and this gave rise to the Palestinian nationalism as reaction to the Jewish Zionism Movement. The Jewish population around the world began migrating to the Palestine region and in the process brewing a conflict due to the desire for self-determination by both Jews and Palestinians (Karsh, 2002). The Arab leaders in Palestine became concerned with the increased invasion of Jewish in their area. The Zionist Jews continued to buy more settlements under the Ottoman rule. The tension between the two parties was further fuelled by the eviction of the fellaheen tenants. This eviction drew a lot complaint from the Palestinian population about their continual displacement from their settlements by the Jewish immigrants who were returning from the Diaspora (Kamrava, 2011). Under intense pressure from the Palestinian population, the Ottoman Empire was forced to introduce land purchase regulations.Since most of the early Jewish immigrants were from Russia, the Ottoman empire being of the Russian origin had been very hospitable to them as it expected complete loyalty in return. The Arabs in Palestine feared that immigrants form Russia and other parts of Europe would erode the Arabic culture and traditions in the region. The Palestinian population continued to protest against the Jewish invasion prompting the Ottoman authorities to ban land sales to Jewish immigrants in 1914. The number of Jewish settlers in the Palestine region had significantly increase
Our brain usually stores memories in a quirky way and this often results in deception. The mode of storage of the information is quite different from that of the computer. In the brain, the information is always stored in the hippocampus once received at the first time. When a person remembers something, the brain rewrites the information and reprocesses it. During the re-storage, that information is transferred to the cerebral cortex. This often results in a person forgetting whether the information is true or false, a condition called source amnesia. This renders a person susceptible to self deception. According to Ekman, facial expressions are universal while gestures are specific to a person’s culture. It is therefore possible to detect a person telling a lie from his/her facial expression or non-verbal gestures. It is also possible for someone under great distress to hide the real emotions so as to trick another person to give in to his/her deception. A liar might avoid gestures; facial expressions and change in tones so as to conceal a certain truth hence avoid being caught. In most cases, the victim of the lie might ignore the clues to the lie in fear of the consequences of the lie being revealed, hence accepting to be lied to (Ekman). In Rodriguez’s case, Ekman would have looked for non-verbal gestures which indicated that he was lying. While he was being interviewed for instance, his body twitched with emotions. The intensity of the emotions being covered resulted in Rodriguez’s leaking out his real emotions hence exposing the lie. He could not conceal the lie completely. He was trying to conceal many intense emotions and this betrayed him in the form of non-verbal gestures. The Tiger Woods article is a clear indication that people often believe what they want to believe. Even after the allegations of promiscuity of Woods, it was difficult for people to come to terms with the fact that the much respected figure was actually having a questionable character. Companies could not easily remove his name in their brands and his name remained in most of the billboards. It is quite clear that his tarnished name could bring a negative image to any brand or the golf industry but most people could not just heed to this. It is quite clear that even after quitting golfing, Woods would come to the limelight especially after another celebrity scandal props up. People often pay attention to certain information while in a certain emotional state although it might be distorted or false. They tend to believe it when received as the first h
Overview The onset of the 21 st century saw the inception of the Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Company. The motorcycle manufacturing firm started off its operations in Wisconsin, United States of America (Harley-Davidson, 2006). Although it had a small beginning, Harley-Davidson has grown to be a renowned global market leader in the manufacture and sell of heavy duty monocycles. The company successfully went through the hard economic times of the 1920s, which was largely contributed by its unwavering strong background in leadership, marketing and customer satisfaction (Armstrong & Kotler, 2011). One of the major challenges faced by Harley-Davidson in its history of successful operation in United States is when the government failed to instituted as well as monitor market forces of demand and as well as quality checks which led to the influx of cheap imports into the U.S market. However, this just marked the beginning of a long journey for Harley-Davidson bearing in mind that the motorcycle manufacturer continued with the uninterrupted production of motorcycles with engine capacities above 750cc (Harley-Davidson, 2006). Customer satisfaction was and has been key to this overwhelming market presence. On the other hand, Harley-Davidson is still struggling to penetrate the lightweight motorcycle market. The competition is tough in this line of production and unless the company transforms its value proposition, it may completely miss out on the yet to be tapped profitable lightweight motorcycle market. In this paper, the case study of Harley Davidson has been discussed in terms of the marketing capabilities of the company (Harley-Davidson, 2006). In addition, some marketing strategies that can be adopted by the motorcycle firm have been proposed using relevant marketing theories. Harley-Davidson case study summary and marketing theories One of the outstanding features of Harley-Davidson is the creation of brand loyalty among its chronic customers. As part of its fundamental marketing strategy, the company has developed a culture of consistent liking and consumption of its heavyweight motorcycles among the long term customers. As a result, it has managed to maintain its clients for a considerably long period of time in spite of the ever prevailing market competition (Armstrong & Kotler, 2011). The most integral ideal being cherished towards customer loyalty is the ability of the company to critically consider the needs of its consumers. Harley-Davidson has a strong belief that customers from its most valuable asset add therefore should always be given the first priority. The department of marketing has put up efforts of reaching out not only the old customers but also the high end market that has not been tapped yet. In order to achieve the best customer loyalty, it has taken the marketing department significant amount of time to study and analyze the needs, tastes and preferences of consumers. The ease with which customers can purchase Harley-Davidson products has been
In the article “An Outbreak of the Irrational,” Sarah Dzubay takes the opportunity to analyze how the recent 2015 outbreak of measles cases countrywide created a public health concern. Therefore, she educates reserved parents on the benefits of vaccination to their children. In a critical yet persuasive voice, the renowned scholar provides clear facts about immunization. Her main goal is to deliver the right information regarding vaccination, its benefits, and the ways it can protect the community against diseases. To achieve her intention, Dzubay presents scientifically proven studies on how vaccines have managed to help millions of people over the past years. According to her arguments, the families who allow their children to be immunized often reduce the possibility of contracting the disease and the frequency of transmission (Dzubay). Consequently, she persuades the reluctant people to vaccinate as it is an effective and safe fighting against diseases such as measles. Her opinion coincides with that of public health experts who encourage immunization against certain ailments such as flu and polio. In conclusion, in her article, Dzubay has managed to appeal to the audience by emotionally presenting the facts about immunization. She has disapproved some of the myths which have continued to engulf this idea of treatment over the past years. Dzubay has provided scientifically proven evidence to show the health benefits of vaccination. Finally, she has warned the families against denying their children the right to treatment. Therefore, parents should follow her advice and allow their children to be vaccinated against ailments such as measles. Further, the mechanisms will help to reduce the number of death rates that have been experienced among the children over the past years. Work Cited Dzubay, Sarah. “An Outbreak of the Irrational.” Fresh Writing , 2020.
Langston Hughes is a writer of wide experience. He worked as doorman, cook, waiter, sailor, and in restaurants as a boy. He wrote plays, stories, and poems. He is a controversial writer. His works had significant influence in the Harlem Renaissance. Most of his poems reflect the socio-economic conditions of the blacks living in American society. A critical review of Hughes’s poems, after having a close look at Arnold Rampersad’s “Langston Hughes’s Fine Clothes to the Jew”, is the focus of this paper. Rampersad, the biographer of Langston Hughes, says that Fine Clothes to the Jew is not a successful volume, though it is Hughes’s greatest collection, which was published when the poet was at the height of his creative activities. At the same time, he points out that it was one of the most significant volumes of poetry ever published in America. Rampersad compares Fine Clothes to Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. He also highlights the influence of Whitman on Langston Hughes. Three important aspects of Langston’s poems are explained by him. They are: 1. isolation, despair, and suicide, 2. aggressive socialism and non-racial intelligence, and 3. response to the needs of black people. Although the poet’s subject is racism, Rampersad argues that the poet makes a separate aesthetic approach to poetry and art. Like Whitman, there is an authentic search for the American poetic language. In short, Hughes’s poetry has a perfect blend of artistic spirit and the black spirit. Rampersad notes that Langston Hughes “is able to affect a distinguished fusion of learned poetic values with those of the despised masses” (Rampersad 146). It is an apt evaluation of the poet. The main subject matter of Langston’s poetry is the struggle of an Afro-American for equality. In “Theme of English B” this is how he dramatizes an assignment given to a black student by his English teacher: “Go home and write/ a page tonight. / And let that page come out of you—/ Then, it will be true” (English B). The event takes place in Harlem, a place which was the centre of renaissance. The subject matter of the assignment is the true portrayal of the student’s life in one page. The truth from an Afro-American should obviously be his inner feelings about the racial discrimination which he undergoes. The student writes that he wants: “to eat, sleep, drink, and be in love. / I like to work, read, learn, and understand life” (Hughes). These are the basic needs of a human being. The real problem, according to the student, is that “I am the only colored student in my class” (Hughes). His sincere confession in his pa
Speed limits are often set by laws and statutes so as to inform “motorists of the highest speed that is considered to be safe and reasonable under favorable road, traffic, and whether conditions” (The Association of British Drivers, 2005). Most states in the United States still have speed limits that are set at 55 to 65 miles per hour. The vehicle and speed legislation of the United States indicates that the speed limit was established so as to improve public safety. Some states have since revised their speed limits to higher speed limits. Most countries in Europe and Asia have speed limits of up to 85 miles per hour (Feigenbaum, 2011). This paper will argue why states need to raise their speed limits from the current 55 miles per hour. Speed limits in the United States were higher than the current levels prior to the political oil crisis that was witnessed in 1973. Following the events of that year, the federal instituted established a speed limit of 55 miles per hour. States were required to implement this speed limit by 1988 or lose federal transportation funding (National motorist association, 1999). In the year 1995, the national speed limit was repealed and thus each state was allowed to establish its own speed limit. Many states still have speed limits
Psycho Mise-en-scène The suspense that sends shivers down the viewer’s spine can be considered the definitive characteristic of Hitchcock’s mise-en-scène. The elements of suspense are clearly traceable in the famous shower scene in Psycho , where the tension reaches its boiling point as the scream can be heard. The mise-en-scène works perfectly as it adds to the overall tension and foreshadows some of the plot twists, thus inviting the audience to participate in the analysis of the mind-twisting mystery. The silhouettes and the contrasts in Psycho do their part to create an almost surreal impression, therefore immersing the audience in a nearly nightmarish atmosphere ( Psycho 1960). Cinematography What makes the movie leave such an impact is that its lead antagonist is not revealed until the final third of the film. In the rest of the scenes, he is mostly kept in shadow, allowing the audience to create their own interpretation of what he looks like and what makes him so intimidating. The high contrast between the silhouette of the murderer and the bright yet hazy environment makes the scene mentioned above surreal and, in this way, helps embrace the horror of the situation. Blending nightmares and reality, the technique used by the director can be considered revolutionary ( Psycho 1960). Editing As another example of Hitchcock’s brilliance, the editing in Psycho tricks the audience into experiencing nearly the same shock and horror as the alleged victim of the killer. The whole scene in the shower is shot in close-up, focusing mostly on the face of the protagonist. As a result, an impression of intimacy and security is created. Therefore, as the murderer assaults the lead character, the shock that the viewers experience increases exponentially. With a careful selection of intimate shots, Hitchcock creates an illusion of safety and security, thus mixing the building tension with the seemingly soothing environment of the bathroom ( Psycho 1960). Sound The violin screech that immediately gets on the viewer’s nerves, will forever remain in the gallery of iconic cinema sounds, along with the wah-wah effect (Loh-Hagan 2015). The soundtrack contrasts with a comparatively soothing scene in the bathroom, as described above, thus foreshadowing the attack. The harmonic elements of the tune and the dissonance that the sounds of the violins bring into it, though seemingly being from two different worlds, in fact, comprise a single piece that stirs a mixture of fear and thrill in the audience, tricking them into paying attention ( Psycho 1960). Narrative Needless to say, the story grips the viewer from the very start of the movie. It develops slowly, creating the freedom to move to a rapid climax. The narrative is linked directly to the US and European culture, which places the story in a context. However, the fears that the movie unlocks blends the cultures, sending a message that can be understood by anyone. Vertigo Mise-en-scène Similarly, the disposition of the lead characters in Vertigo creates the
Abstract Modern-day social policy aims to form safer communities, to a certain extent, through the use of antisocial behavior legislation, supported by the introduction of Antisocial Behaviour Orders (ASBOs). Statistics have shown that there has been continued and increasing use of ASBOs since they came into existence in April 1999. It appears from data that a high proportion of orders are granted based on noise nuisance, yet it is the varying frequency and volume of orders granted that provokes concern. This paper delves upon the advantages and disadvantages and as well as the interpretation, administration, and operation of ASBOs within both English authorities and the court system. The Community & Anti-Social Behaviour: An Overview The community can become involved in collecting evidence and enforcing breached ASBOs. Evidence for ASBOs can be based on hearsay evidence. This means that a police officer can provide a statement on behalf of a witness or witnesses who remain anonymous. Individuals or groups in the community could provide evidence for an ASBO in the form of diaries, video, or audio recordings. The evidence should contain specific information about dates, places, times, specific descriptions of actions, who was present, and what was said. If an individual or group is a witness for an ASBO they should have regular contact with the person managing the case who will give them advice and support throughout the process. Once an order has been made, the community has an important role to play in advising the police or local authority when a breach has occurred The Causes of Anti-social Behaviour The basic causes of anti-social behavior are complex and interrelated. They include:   * Family problems – parental criminality, poor parental supervision/discipline, conflict.   * School and education problems – non-attendance, lack of motivation, poor educational attainment.   * Employment problems – lack of skills, qualifications, and jobs, low income.   * Social and medical problems – drug and alcohol abuse. Tackling the factors that put people susceptible to anti-social behavior is a difficult task. It needs wide-ranging and long-term strategies, which must involve a wide range of local agencies, including the police, local authorities, registered social landlords (RSLs), schools, health workers, social workers, and community wardens. Interventions also need to draw on the skills and capability of community-based organizations such as mediation schemes, drug, and alcohol support services, and mental health projects. Most important of all, local people have to be involved. They know better than anyone the problems facing their communities and they have to take an active part in solving them. The idea is for criminal justice agencies namely police, courts, and corrections are to become more p
Introduction Green initiatives have taken centre stage in almost every environmental talk across the globe. However, it is essential for all stakeholders to take note of the importance of sustainability in upholding green initiatives as environmental policies are being formulated (Hard 2010, p. 1). Every economic sector remains culpable for environmental destruction experienced in the world today; although the level of responsibility may vary from one industry to another. The hotel sector is however an important sector for embracing green initiatives because it accounts for a significant amount of expenses which companies, individuals and organizations make for social and corporate events (Hard 2010, p. 1). This is true because most hotels are usually chosen because of their abundant facilities for meetings like conference facilities, guest rooms and the likes (Hard 2010, p. 1). In as much as event planners specialize in the best event practices, they should also wrap their fingers around devising ways in which hotels can offer more environmentally friendly services in form of green initiatives. Certain hotels across the globe such as Veil resorts in the Caribbean have adopted this initiative and are at the forefront in decreasing their environmental footprint while increasing their sustainability of hotel services (Ernst & Young 2010, p. 4). The same trend has also been adopted by Asian hotels since the advent of Asia- pacific hotels environmental initiative (Ernst & Young 2010, p. 4). This movement towards sustainability is slowly being embraced across the globe and many hotel owners are finding it increasingly important to live in cordial harmony with the environment, thereby reducing the environmental impact of their operations. Many hotel chains are therefore embracing sustainability through the focus on developmental and operational activities on programs touching on educational functionality, reforestation strategies, eco-resorts and such functional areas in the hotel sector (Enz 2009, p. 2). Various governments have also joined this course by coming up with sustainable environmentally friendly practices which touch on building designs to meet environment standards and benchmark energy efficient practices. Such kinds of trends have been witnessed across the globe and observers note that such trends are here to stay in order for the world to achieve an environmentally conscious tourism sector (Enz 2009, p. 2). However, green initiatives are diverse and many of them have been necessitated by increased costs of operation, increased government pressure, rising consumer expectations and the need to stay above business competition. Core areas where green initiatives are usually implemented in the ho