ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the modern world, the increase of advanced information and technological solutions has made way for automated office, teleworking, and e-commerce as some of the organizations’ way of life. Information systems way of working can only be appreciated by understanding the information technologies used and the way they can be merged to create a system (Perry, 2008, p 3) Organization learning can be described as a process followed by organizations with the main aim of improving the organization’s performance. Outcome measures, one or more goals, relevant people, and knowledge are just but a few of the elements that are involved in performance process. In the organizational learning process, the organization is expected to anticipate, act on the feedback, and extract knowledge from the feedback attained and act accordingly based on the knowledge acquired. Not only is the organizational learning involved in adaptive learning, it is also involved in generative learning that entails creation of the future. Organizational learning can hence be summarized as processes used to improve an organization’s competence and are inseparable from organizational performance (Smith, Salvendy, 2001, p 306) Educators have often faced challenges in finding better ways of incorporating business managers in getting to know about information systems and information technology’s way of working. The advancement of modern information technology and information systems has offered new solutions of rethinking, the present business strategies, practices, and approaches. In the last few decades, IT has opened up doors for new business opportunities (Barta, Tatnall, Juliff and International federation for information processing, 1997, p 1&2). Organization learning and information technology management The radical change in the world’s business environment has arisen from three phenomena:  1. networking of organizations and their information systems  2. global emphasis in business operations  3. increasing utilization of market mechanisms in mutual transactions. In the organization context, businesses are expected to manage the design and implementation of information resources. In the modern digital economy, operators perform electronic transactions with their partners in the international market (information resources management association. International conference and Khosrowpour, 2002, p 314) In the modern economy environment, learn has been acknowledged as the best alternative for a company to be competitive in maintaining knowledge. These companies are hen
Evaluation is one of the most important procedures to provide decision-makers with the information regarding this or that educational program to be implemented in an institution. In the K-12 education, much attention is paid to improving students’ skills in reading, and administrators often discuss opportunities for adopting not only traditional but also alternative reading programs (Lindahl & Beach, 2013). Student Team Reading is a program oriented to developing students’ skills in reading, and it was developed by Robert Stevens about three decades ago (Gagnon & Barber, 2014). The revised program requires the evaluation in order to conclude about its appropriateness to be implemented in schools with the high number of immigrants as it should be compared with a range of recently developed reading programs. The evaluation can be conducted with the focus on the objectives-oriented, management-oriented, consumer-oriented, expertise-oriented, and participant-oriented approaches (Fitzpatrick, Sanders, & Worthen, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the appropriateness of using the management-oriented approach to evaluating the Student Team Reading program with references to strengths and weaknesses of the approach. Student Team Reading Program Description Stevens developed the principles of the Student Team Reading program to be used in middle schools in 1989. The program is based on the idea of the cooperative learning, and students develop their reading skills while working in small teams. Students are involved in reading the materials interesting for them, receive the diverse instruction, develop the reading comprehension skills, and participate in partner reading, reading for understanding, and storytelling (Gagnon & Barber, 2014). The program is adapted for culturally diverse student populations. The Student Team Reading is discussed by researchers as an effective reading program that allows developing the students’ skills in reading, interaction, and communication during a shor
Summary Creating the environment in which students will be eager to share their experiences, collaborate actively, and address emerging conflicts efficiently by applying appropriate negotiation strategies is a crucial step toward enhancing the process of knowledge acquisition by the target population. In their article, Hale, Freed, Ricotta, Farris, and Smith (2017) stress the significance of a teacher using the communication approach that incorporates essential elements of body language. According to the authors of the study, the adoption of a proper body language technique as the means of conversing with students is bound to lead to a massive improvement in the quality of the education process and leave a profound effect on learners. Apart from increasing the levels of investment among students, the use of a body-language-based communication framework triggers a rise in the levels of analytical thinking and successful problem-solving. Therefore, the tool must be considered a crucial addition to the set of communication strategies used by a teacher. Reaction I was far from being surprised to find out that body-language communication is viewed as essential for successful learning. Indeed, a significant amount of information is received with the help of nonverbal communication. Therefore, the idea of using body language as the means of identifying the levels of engagement among learners, as well as deploying specific elements of body language to make students pay attention to specific themes, ideas, and concepts that are addressed during the lesson seems quite legitimate to me. However, the idea of incorporating body language into the process of teaching, especially when meeting the needs of ESL students, raises a lot of questions. For instance, I wonder whether it is possible to develop a set of universal signs that cannot possibly be misinterpreted by the learners whose ethnic and cultural backgrounds are different from the ones of a teacher and the rest of the class. The article inspires me to explore the challenges associated with deploying a body-language-based teaching strategy in an ESL classroom and identify the means of managing the associated difficulties successfully. Implementation in a TESOL Classroom To use a teaching strategy based on body language, an educator will have to consider the needs of learners carefully by taking account of the unique characteristics of the target population. For instance, teachers will have to use the elements of body language that can be misinterpreted by the representatives of specific cultures and ethnici
Introduction This paper is an analysis of a case study titled, ‘Cutting it: Learning and Work Performance in Hairdressing Salons’. The study involves research carried out in the UK hairdressing sector. By observing and interviewing employees in four franchised hair salons, Lee and his fellow researchers are able to show the different methods in which formal and informal methods of learning are organized. It covers the relationships between learning at work, how the work is organized and performance of both the organization and the individual employees. The work in this case study is organized by the franchise heads who also oversee the learning process and customer service requirements. An analysis of the case study discusses the strategies used, how they influence implementation of learning both for the organization and the individual. It also discusses the driving forces and restraining forces of to the implementation of the strategies. Lastly, it lists solutions that could reduce the restraining forces. Learning and work have become inextricably linked and reinforcing each other as genuine areas of endeavor for second or alter modern people and needs (Caims 2011, p. 73). For this reason, organizations are taking steps to ensure that their employees are learning so that they can maximize profits and increase efficiency. In past years, learning has had a strong influence on the workplace, with organization viewing it as a product. However, this is no longer the case as organizations now see learning as more of a process than a product (Hager 2011, p. 44). In the case study, the company involved has two training centers for the off-the-job training of apprentices and has working partnerships with other local colleges (Lee et al. 2005). To ensure proper learning, the two companies in the case study have come up with several strategies. Below are various strategies used in the case study:-   * Service training that involve group work and role play. This makes learning more enjoyable and easier to remember.   * Technical training that involves cutting and colouring techniques on blocks, dummies or volunteer models.   * Rotating buddy system in which apprentices are assigned to a stylist or sometimes more than one stylist as a learner. After a certain period, the apprentice then moves on to another stylist. In this way, they learn different methods from different experience stylists   * Workshops, seminars, exhibitions, competitions a
It is obvious that public schools have students from various backgrounds. This has influenced the manner in which they understand information. The presence of students from different races, tribes, communities, and social status has also made the teaching process to be challenging (Gay, 2010). A modern day teacher requires skills that will ensure that students with different languages, cultures, and abilities are included in the process of learning. The relationship between a teacher and a student in most cases is dialectical, culturally embedded, mediated by perceptions, and situational (Gay, 2002). For a learning process to be effective, appreciation of cultural diversity is an important aspect to be considered. The use of cultural responsive pedagogy proves to be an effective way of handling these diversities (Gay, 2002). Cultural diversity is a serious problem in the learning process. The level of intermingling among students affects the learning process. In some cases, students feel discriminated due to the various ways in which information is communicated. The need for proper communication techniques by teachers is necessary in ensuring that learning process takes place effectively (Gay, 2010). A system that handles diverse cultures offers a suitable way that ensures proper contact between the learner and the educator in a classroom environment. The most common problem arises from the behavior of the learner in the class. For instance, students from different cultural backgrounds have unique behavioral patterns (Gay, 2010). This may equally lead to conflict between the code of ethics used in school and the student’s cultural background. A typical example can be drawn from case whereby a student is required to maintain silence in class and yet his or her culture promotes socialization. This affects the learning process of the student because the latter confuse between calmness and retribution. Students have diverse learning styles. Learners who are forced to use specific learning styles that they are not acquainted with might develop some level of dissatisfaction. Teaching a frustrated student has proved to be quite cumbersome (Gay, 2002). For example, the level of understanding lesson content is very low for a learner who is dissatisfied. Students are also fond of forming groups based on common and shared interests. Hence, students with different interests might be abandoned by other peers. The most common interests that group students together include common language and race. In most cases, these types of isolation might lead to depression of the learner. The teaching and learning processes also become complex in such case scenarios. Academic performance is varied among students. An open comparison between academically weak students and those who are bright may also lead to a sense of bei
The European Union forms an important trading block that thanks to the Euro is shaping business dynamic across the world. The integration of the states forming the European Union offers a typical platform for the benefits of integration in the world. The apparent strong position of the Euro has persuaded critics of the union like the United Kingdom to soften their stances and view the benefits of the European Union with less skepticism. A good number of the policies that define the union interfere with national sovereignty of many member countries but with good reasons. The member countries entrust some of their national sovereignty elements to the union. These are the areas that are specified by the treaty and that the countries would like to work on together. As a result, a pool of European sovereignty is created. The benefits cut across the social economic spectrum of the member countries; Flourishing democracy, expanded markets, cooperation on immigration and ease in doing business thanks to the Euro are some of the benefits EU member states have been able to enjoy. Besides the European Parliament, the European court and other democratic institutions, democracy is anchored in the foundation of the union. Many nations in the union are thriving democracies unlike the period after the Second World War when Europe was disjointed. This is in part because of the requirement for all members to strengthen their democratic institutions before joining. Growth of democracy is especially marked in countries like Spain, Greece and the former communist states, now part of the union. Countries joining the EU are required to abolish the death penalty in order to be compatible with EU membership. The abolition is a major victory for human rights campaigners in the region who have long seen the practice as barbaric and backward. The countries therefore have been forced to amend their legal statutes, as the treaty requires a typical though small effect on their sovereignty. With a population of over half a billion, the EU forms the world’s largest internal market and the world’s largest trading block. The treaty provides for the formation of an internal market without frontiers to enable free movement of goods, services and capital for all member countries. Countries within the EU who previously faced major obstacles in exporting their products can now do so with ease, thanks to the opened borders between member states. Free movement of labor too has made it easier for experts who could not secure jobs in their countries to get them elsewhere within the union. The US has been grappling with a thorny issue of immigration. The same picture is replicated in Europe though on a smaller scale. Initially before the un
Introduction This industry review is a survey of the Aerospace industry in China. It will analyze the industry on both commercial and military aviation development in the recent past, as well as the space program. It identifies the current operations, developments, and challenges facing the airline industry in China. It will be outlining the operational efficiency, financial and workforce efficiency in the commercial and military aviation developments, and the underlying factors behind the successful development of this industry in modern china (Bnet). This was done in the event of establishing the overall developments processes of the industry in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability. This will outline the success story of the Chinese as they have become the fastest-growing economy in the world in almost all sectors including the aerospace industry (Covault, 2003). Overview of the aerospace industry in China The Chinese aerospace industry has experienced a lot of developments that are aimed at enabling it to become the aerospace giant in the 21 century. Numerous research and development programs have been put in place and thus have led to an increase in the development in both the commercial and the military sectors. This industry has faced both negative and positive circumstances and the extensive research and development initiatives have increased the chances of ever manufacturing commercial and civil aircraft. The Chinese aerospace performance has been lopsided, satellite launches capabilities, ballistic missile development, and the increase in the demand of all types of planes have made them begin indigenous production of aircraft in the recent past (Shambaugh, 2004). Commercial and military aviation developments and programs China boosts to have the third-largest civilian market which accounts for a quarter of the world’s commercial airline fleet, the dream of building a domestic commercial aerospace industry is beginning to take effect. A few strides can be seen e.g. the development of ARJ21-700 has been complete and undergoing the final tests.
Over the recent years, corporate sponsorship has gained considerable attention among corporations. Empirical studies indicate that corporations have been quick to embrace sponsorships as a vital tool of promotion strategy (Keller, p. 82). Most importantly, sport sponsorship has received much attention among corporations as most of them spend millions to finance sporting activities (Meenaghan, p. 98). Apparently, major sporting events attract large number of spectators, while others watch these events on televisions. Moreover depending on the magnitude, sporting events receive heightened media coverage; thus, making sporting events a vital promotion marketing strategy (Keller, p. 84). Against this background, major credit companies in the US (Visa, MasterCard and American express) have not been left behind in this euphoria. These companies adopt various strategies to secure sponsorship slots in major sporting events globally. Among the three companies, Visa Card is the market leader in this category whereby it was estimated to have spent $140 million in sport sponsorship in 2007 (sponsorship.com). Visa has defended official sponsor position in Olympic Games for several years. Visa has guarded this position selfishly and it has managed to secure exclusive sponsorship rights in Vancouver 2010 and anticipated London 2012 Olympics (sponsorship.com). Moreover, Visa tops the list of major FIFA world cup events sponsors (Visa.com). Secondly, MasterCard was estimated to have spent $90 million in sport events sponsorship in 2007 (sponsorship.com). MasterCard has a long standing relationship with UEFA Champions League sporting event as the official sponsor. Moreover, the company also sponsors other minor football events such as Copa America and South American Qualifiers (MasterCard.com). Other sporting sponsorship events by MasterCard include Golf PGA tour, Major league baseball events and minor rugby events (MasterCard.com). Concurrently, American Express spent $ 40 million in sporting events during the same year (sponsorship.com). American Express concentrates on major basketball events such as NBA, WNBA and most importantly the USA Basketball leagues (American Express.com). As epitomized above, sporting sponsorship plays an integral role in marketing. Apparently, the increased adoption has been due the myriad promotional benefits associated with sport sponsorship (Keller, p. 92). Against this backdrop, most of these corporations are motivated by similar marketing objectives. To begin with, by s
Introduction Commonly referred as CBT, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach through which people change the way they think (cognitive) and what they do (behaviour) 1 . These changes come through changes resulting from setting goals and achieving them. In treating depression, CBT has found wide application due to its satisfying positive results. Instead of dealing or addressing the causes of depression, CBT concerns itself with coming up with ways that would address depression here and now. It is only concerned with finding solutions to the present state of depression. CBT owes its roots to Aaron beck and Albert Ellis who designed it in late 1950s. Nemade, Reiss, and Dombeck 2 note, “Cognitive behavioural therapy is founded on the single basic idea that cognition, in the form of thoughts and preconceived judgments, precedes and determines people’s emotional responses.” Principally, depression results from people viewing situations from a negative point of view and this disposition leads them to act in a particular manner hence their behaviour. CBT Principles CBT works on the principle that positive thoughts and behaviour heralds positive moods and this is something that can be learned; therefore, by learning to think and behave positively, someone may substitute negative thoughts with positive ones and do away with depression. As aforementioned, depression is a product of maladaptive practices and dysfunctional thoughts arising from the way someone views a situation. “These maladaptive thought patterns are also known as negative or maladaptive schemas, or core beliefs. Core beliefs are fundamental assumptions people have made that influence how they view the world and themselves.” 2 As people think in a given way for prolonged time, these thoughts become habits and people stop questioning them as they become part of life. With time, people accept these core values as realities for they govern their life. Because these core behaviours are only perceptions, not necessarily reality, CBT seeks to fix them and change them from negative thoughts to positive thoughts. By substituting these negative thoughts with positive ones, the core values changes and people start viewing themselves from another perspective. Feeding the min