ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gender relationships in America have evolved over the years, most notably in the 20 th and 21 st century. The role of women was initially homemaking; women were barred from engaging in public affairs. This means that important issues, such as politics and prestige, were entirely left to the men. Women were also excluded from voting since it was believed that they would influence the society due to the fact that they are the majority gender. During World War II, in 1950s, America went to war (Kessler-Harris 9). This implies, that the young men who were working for factories and offices got engaged in war affairs and left their positions vacant. These factories and offices called upon women to fill up these vacancies. Due to the fact that they were now working in nation-building, they started to feel a sense of freedom. This freedom was short because as soon as the war was over, men came back to proclaim their positions. Thus, women were thrown back to be homemakers and the husbands and fathers played the role of the sole breadwinners. Women became resentful due to the fact that they had experienced self-definition they had not known earlier (Kessler-Harris 15). From the 1950s to 1960s, America’s prosperity was realised through the creation of such important items as washing machines, vacuum cleaners, and toasters. These consumer items were created in an effort to enable women to have the freedom and save time, and also to ensure efficiency in their home-based duties. Efficiency was important because women had to ensure that they created a haeven for their husbands to come to after work. Since issues like birth control were seen as immoral, families became larger and the men who were the sole breadwinners of these families had to work endlessly in order to provide their children and wives financially (Kessler-Harris 23). This led to rebellions in both men and women in the 1960s, whereby they rebelled against these severe expectations. These rebellions are reflected in the poem “Daddy” by Sylvia Plath. Men began to realize that they were greatly restricted by these expectations as they were forced to work for long hours, whereas they could be at home with their families. During the same era, women were not allowed to make any decisions (Kessler-Harris 26). Decision making was solely for men, whereby it was either for the father or for the husband. Boys were brought up and taught how to become future leaders and engineers. On the other hand, girls were taught how to become good mothers and be submissive in marriage. Throughout the 21 st century, women have become very active in public life. It is important to note that nowadays women have attained great levels of education and career. Unlike the 20 th century, when women were getting married at tender ages, today’s woman is delaying or even avoiding marriage in an effort to attain education and career (Kessler-Harris 30). Women have also attained great to consumer power. It is noted that women influence the purchasing of consumer goods up to the level of 85% including new
Reading Summary One of the main messages of the reading “Your Paradise” from p.73 to 143 is to explain the essence of the idea of the island of the dead. The reader gets to know how the role of the dead becomes more important than the role of the people alive. The main events are the expected inaugural speech the new director Cho, his expectations to promote a number of changes within the island, the already predicted reaction of the island’s inhabitants, and the real actions that can prove Cho’s intentions. The reading helps to learn better Cho and the reasons of why he is so passionate with the idea to change the island. He concludes that “this island is afflicted by distrust and betrayal” (Yi 81). He learns that people are “still suffering from the psychological side of the disease that is far more debilitating than the physical side” (Yi 81). What he wants to do is to involve all people on the island in creating a kind of paradise. Still, people are not ready to trust his words. They have already heard the similar speech several decades ago and tried to change their lives under the guidance of a new director Shŭ. Their attempts were not successful and even frustrating as they imposed more restrictions with time. They do not want to believe that something can be changed; this is why they are not eager to take some steps and accept Cho’s ideas seriously until the statute has some powers over them. The next day after Cho’s speech, Han Min committed a suicide. Different characters treat this even in different ways: Cho believes that it is a kind of a challenge for him, Sanguk admits that Min “has already started to speak” (Yi 106) as only the dead can speak on the island, but the director fails to “understand the words of the dead…” (Yi 106), and the majority of people defines his case as ordinary and not worth of attention. What does it mean that only the dead can actually speak on the island? This question can make the reader think about the true relations and possibilities of the people, who live on the island. It is not an easy task to comprehend what is happening there, and the analysis of this phrase is a good chance to share personal ideas about the problems, challenges, and backgrounds of the island. Why do the people of the island not want to believe the Cho’s words about the possibility to change the living conditions? In order to give the answer to this question, it is necessary to read the chapters under consideration thoroughly and learn the past experience of the inhabitants and their relations with one of the past directors, Mr. Shŭ. This question helps to learn better the essence of the statute and its true intentions. It is not enough to retell the story, but it is necessary to share some personal thoughts about its role and its impact on the people with leprosy. What are the first actions of the director Cho that aim at changing the relations on the island? It is necessary to analyze the possible reasons of why Cho wants to gather all representatives of the island at the same school and destroy the difference between the people with leprosy and the people, who have already cured
Introduction According to (Snyder, 2008), stimulus package is the funds spent by a government or measures put on tax payments to help in reviving its depressed economy. The government of United States has undergone a major recession and is therefore employing a stimulus package to revive it. This package will cut on the amount of taxes paid by Americans which will result to increased demand for goods and services thereby boosting American economy. The package that has been passed through the stimulus bill amounts to seven hundred and eighty seven billion dollars. This money is supposed to be distributed accordingly to the most affected areas of American economy. Texas is one of the states expected to receive a share of funds in this stimulus package which will help it revive its economic situation. Ways in Which Stimulus Package Will Help Texas The funds in this package will be in form of cuts on tax payments which will then be divided among several areas of Texas Economy one of them being housing. The package is expected to allow those Texans purchasing houses or cars get a tax credit of an average of eight thousand dollars which should not be refunded to the government. However, even if this amount accounts for a small section of the total cost of houses, it will still assist those purchasing houses and on the other hand increase demand for house purchases. Though some Texans doubt whether this will have an immediate effect on housing industry, they agree that the sale of houses will considerably increase. According to Goldwasser, a realtor in one of Texas’ real estates supports the expected positive effect of stimulus package as he has already figured out some changes in the market for real estates. He supports his observation by saying that, a number of houses have already been constructed to cater for increasing demand for houses. This increase in demand is primarily because of the provision of tax credits for those wanting to buy houses which will affect Texas’ economy positively. Another area that will be covered by the package is energy, where part of the funds in this package will be used to create an environment of clean energy for Texans. They will be provided with tax credits which will help them weatherize their houses. Weatherizing of houses will involve improving levels of efficiency of energy in their homes. It will also offer training programs where people will be trained on how to conserve energy. It is also expected that, the package will cater for health services where Texas’ workers who benefit from unemployment checks will be considered for Medicaid. This is a program that offers medical care to Americans who earn low incomes but this stimulus package might also include c
The slope is the term that is used to describe the correlation between the rise and run of a particular surface, object, staircase, or other things. In other words, the height of each step divided by its length will demonstrate the slope (Bender, n.d.). The term is applicable to different situations or objects as it has a universal nature and is used in math. The concept of slope can also be used in more complex calculations and examples demanding more detailed measures and analysis. Thus, the importance of the concept of slope is explained by the fact that there are many situations in everyday life when we meet it. For instance, using a train, we have to enter it, passing the staircase consisting of several steps. This is the classic case where slope can be applied as there is the rise and run that can be divided to acquire the needed meaning. Another example is when you enter the plane using the ramp. For this scenario, the idea of the slope is applicable as it also can be calculated by dividing the height of every step by its rise. In such a way, there are many situations when this concept is met in real life. The real-life problem involving slope can be formulated in the following way: Nick has stepped in front of his building, but his grandmother uses a wheelchair. It means that he has to install a ramp to simplify access to the house for her. The height of the stairs is 2 meters, and it should be considered when building a comfortable ramp with an appropriate climb. For this scenario, it is vital to calculate slope and consider it when planning an upgrade to ensure a high quality of life for a grandmother. Reference Bender, S. (n.d.). Introduction to slope [Video]. YouTube.
Introduction Ken Wilber has been described as an integral philosopher as a result of his immense contribution to the field of psychology. In the contemporary psychology, a number of disciplines such as nondual psychology, transpersonal psychology and integral psychology have emerged. According to Caplan (2009, p. 231), these disciplines heavily borrow from Ken Wilber’s work dubbed ‘‘spectrum of consciousness’’. In his theory of psychology, Ken Wilber makes clear distinction between transformative and translative spirituality. In transformative spirituality, the notion or rather the perception of a separate self is undermined. This results in individuals undergoing disillusions, annihilations and physiological process which in their nature are painful. Translative spirituality facilitates the creation of meaning and the understanding of the notion or the perception of the separate self. The components of translative spirituality such as belief systems, rituals and spiritual practices reorganize individual’s psyche to enhance the notion of a separate self. This essay paper seeks to examine the forces of psychology with reference to Ken Wilber’s “Spectrum of Consciousness”. Where First Force (Behavioral) is situated on Ken Wilber’s Spectrum of Consciousness Model According to Ken Wilber’s “Spectrum of Consciousness” model, psychology plays a significant role in ensuring that people live a wholesome and integrated life with regard to psycho spirituality. Behavioral force thus not only involve itself with fixing individuals to comply with social norms, but also enable people to understand what is possible for human beings as separate beings (Caplan, 2009, p. 231). First force (Behavioral) is situated in the upper right quadrant of his model which represents the “exterior individual”. Figure 1 below shows a representation of Ken Wilber’s spectrum of consciousness model. Figure 1: Ken Wilber’s spectrum of consciousness model, source: (Wilber, 1997). The first force (behavioral) in Ken Wilber’s spectrum of consciousness model is a representation of contemporary evolutionary science. In represents the evolution from atoms, to molecules, to cell and eventually to organisms in an irreversible manner. The highest points in this hierarchy represent human brain functional structures. According to Vrinte (2002, p. 100), the most significant level of the spectrum represents the level of the human mind. This level is regarded as eternal, timeless and infinite in nature. Primary Model of Pathology The primary model of pathology seeks to examine the origin and the path of the spectrum of consciousness. It involves itself with the factors which trigger the shift of an individual’s mind into the context of the world or rather the reality of the world (Vrinte, 2002, p. 101). The model describes the actions of individuals as unconscious in observing the reality o
Gay and Lesbian couples having children through assisted fertility techniques is a good thing. Gay and lesbian couples develop healthy relationships that are characterized by normal desires like raising families with their biological children. Since it is not possible to have children naturally, assisted fertility techniques have come to their rescue. The techniques are ethical because the assisting parties give their consent for the gay and lesbian couples to use their donated sperm and ova to get children. These techniques of getting children not only provide gay and lesbian couples with an ethical method to have children, but they also provide them with a chance to raise children for the donors. Children that have a biological father or mother in their families are relatively happier than the adopted children because they do not have to wonder about their biological parents. The adoption of children is one of the most common ways of raising families among gay and lesbian couples. Adoption is a very good way of having children because it provides the children in question with a home where they can be loved and have their basic needs provided. Most of the adopted children come from undesirable backgrounds. For instance, most gay and lesbian couples adopt children from children’s homes. The children are normally in dire need of parental care and emotional provisions, and the gay and lesbian parents provide these needs with adequate measures. Gay and lesbian couples have a right to raise families, and they should be given the chance to show love to children through adoptions. Gay and lesbian couples should not be placed under the spotlight for using the available ways to have children; instead, they should be supported and encouraged to continue providing homes for destitute children.
Introduction The purpose of this report is to evaluate the marketing mix of Schneiders food, past marketing strategies and prospects in the future to suggest changes. Company Background The last large traditional manufacturing plants “Schneiders food” established in Canada In 1890 to produce packaged processed meats, poultry and grocery products; this company runs as a subsidiary of Maple Leaf Foods (Schneiders 1 and Mercer 1). Marketing Mix of Schneiders Food (Maple Leaf Foods) Products Schneiders Food, being a brand of Maple Leaf Food, offers a wide variety of products like Bacon, Cold-Cuts-and-Deli-Meats, Ham, Hot Dogs, Sausages, ham stuffed tomatoes, Country-Naturals, and Lunchmate as well as many other items. According to MLF (1), Maple Leaf Food offers high quality products through brands like Schneiders, Dempster’s, POM, Mitchell’s Gourmet-Foods, Bon-Matin, Burns, Olivieri, Maple Leaf Prime Naturally, and so on; moreover, products like Dempster’s and Bon-Matin-Healthy-Way with ProCardio are exclusive recipes designed to maintain healthy cholesterol and blood pressure-levels; conversely, ThinkFOOD is formed to expand the company’s bakery and protein-based products. The company’s Meat-Products-Group comprises value-added fresh-meats, chilled and ready-to-cook products, ready-to-serve products, and packaged-meats; moreover, Bakery-Products-Group comprises breads, rolls, ethnic-breads, bagels, croissants, morning-goods, baked-goods, and pastas, whereas the Agribusiness-Products-Group possesses biodiesel production and hog production operations Price According to the annual report 2011 of Maple Leaf Foods, it increased the price of packaged meat products due to volatility of the price of raw meat products and the rationale of this strategy was to increase aggregate profit margin this firm. On the other hand, Mercer (1) stated that it needed to invest large amount in order to expand its business operation in Hamilton and other place; therefore, the management of this company decided to boost the price. At the same time, the management of parent company of Schneiders food increased the price to balance the restructuring costs of $2.5 million and to face the challenge of operating costs, for example, annual income from poultry processing business decreased drastically because of continuous raises in live bird costs. Place Packaged food products of this company was popular both in national and international markets (particularly in the American and European market), for example, in home, it operated in Ontario, Manitoba, Quebec and British Columbia; however, Maple Leaf Foods would like to restructure the business by starting operation in new place or closing unprofitable centers (Schneiders 1 and Mercer 1). In 200
Introduction The use of fair value or mark-to-market accounting is extremely widespread among various organizations, including those ones that represent the financial services industry. This method is also advocated by investors who need to estimate the price of various assets. This approach has often been criticized during the economic and financial recession which broke out in 2007. Much attention is often paid to the sub-prime mortgage crisis which triggered the downfall of several financial institutions such as Lehman Brothers. This paper is aimed at describing the peculiarities of this method. Furthermore, it is critical to determine to what extent fair value accounting could contribute to the subprime crisis. Overall, one can argue that this method of accounting should not be regarded as the underlying cause of the sub-prime crisis. Instead, more attention should be paid the internal inefficiencies within financial institutions, especially lack of proper risk management strategies since these problems increased the vulnerability of various banks. Certainly, one should keep in mind that fair value cannot always be used to predict the long-term changes in the price of an asset. Nevertheless, from the investors’ viewpoint, this indicator is the most objective one. This is the main thesis that should be discussed more closely. Overall, these details can have profound implications for different stakeholders. The main peculiarity of fair value accounting It should be noted that the term fair value can be defined as the estimation of a product’s worth provided that it is sold in the open market (Penman 169). It should be mentioned that there is no clear algorithm for determining this price. In many cases, this task has to be performed by an independent appraiser. One should also keep in mind that the fair value of an asset is regularly updated. The concept of fair value should be distinguished from historical cost which is used to describe the price at which a certain asset was purchased by the owner. In many cases, the use of historical costs is very inaccurate because the value of an asset can change dramatically with time passing (Penman 167). As a rule, organizations rely on fair value accounting in order to determine the worth of their assets while reporting their financial performance. To a great extent, this approach has become a gold standard in various industries. The use of fair value accounting is also advocated by investors. Moreover, it is recognized by governmental institutions such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board. These are some of the key issues that should be taken into account. At this point, it is important to examine the key events that lead to the sub-prime crisis which affected millions of people. Sub-prime crisis One should keep in mind that the value of mortgage-backed securities was based primarily on the price of real estate. Since the early 2000s, these prices were continuously rising and very few investors
Abstract This paper aims to foster readers’ understanding of what accounts for the discursive subtleties of the notion of wisdom, as assessed from the psychological perspective. In the introduction, the author introduces readers to the topic and formulates the paper’s main thesis: the notion of wisdom should be discussed in conjunction with the philosophical concepts of phronesis and Sophia. In the paper’s second sub-chapter, the author explains how the psychological theories/models are being categorized and briefly describes the ones that appear to be the most influential. In the analytical part of the paper, the author outlines the main conceptual inconsistencies of the psychology-based explicit theories of wisdom while arguing that to be considered fully legitimate, in the scientific sense of this word, they should take into account the neurophysiological aspects of cognition. In this specific sub-chapter, the author also explains why it is inappropriate to refer to wisdom as a metaphysical category that exists in the realm of its own. The sub-chapters main argument is: the virtue’s observable extrapolations are reflective of the particularities of the brain’s morphogenetic structuring. In the concluding part of the paper, the author summarizes the acquired analytical insights, restates the thesis, and suggests that there will eventually be a neurophysiological shift in the psychology of wisdom, as a whole. Introduction One of the most notable phenomenological issues within the domain of psychology has to do with the fact that, despite the psychologists’ preoccupation with studying human nature, it was only through the last few decades that they began to study wisdom as probably the most virtuous attribute of one’s existential mode. However, even today there is no universally adopted definition as to what the notion of wisdom stands for. Such a state of affairs has a strongly defined paradoxical quality to it. After all, categorizing people as “wise” and “unwise” became a customary practice since the time of antiquity: this alone should have helped psychologists a great deal within the context of how they go about trying to define wisdom and conceptualizing the proper methodological framework for measuring the former. Nevertheless, there is still much ambiguity in this regard. In the author’s opinion, the described situation is reflective of the fact that psychology suffers from the apparent lack of axiomatic integrity (psychological research is rarely consistent with the principle of reproducibility). It also indicates that while proposing different approaches for defining wisdom, most psychologists prefer to turn a blind eye to the recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience. The validity of the above-stated will be explored throughout the paper’s analytical part. The main thesis of this paper, however, is as follows. It is specifically the ancient Greek conceptualization of wisdom as such