ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Logically, as the number of inmates increases in every nation, more correctional facilities are required so as to avoid overcrowding as well as to provide quality corrective measures. Therefore there is a need for local, state, and federal governments to unite and deliberate the way forward. This is because; correctional institutions exist at three levels of the government (Levinson, 2002). However, it has been noted that Correctional facilities like prisons have been neglected over the years. An increase in the number of prisons brings about the need for more competent and up to the task administrators and correctional officers. It is therefore in this spirit that the local, state, and federal governments should join hands to facilitate a holistic well being of the inmates; ensure proper programs are in place to instill quality discipline, and equip them with life skills which may benefit them. Therefore, this paper seeks to demonstrate how local, state, and federal governments cooperate on the issue of correctional facilities. Main Body It is the prerogative role of the federal government to protect its nation from any kind of aggression both internal and external. Any kind of crime committed is an aggression against the laws of the land. Conversely, it is the mandate of the state officials to investigate all crimes committed, prosecution of the perpetrators, and deliberating on the appropriate punishment for those found guilty. The actual punishment is carried by the local government at the lower level as stipulated in the law. The increasing number of crimes has caused overcrowding in prisons, hence the need for expansion, renovation, or building of new facilities.Since it is the federal governments’ responsibilities of funding the stat
Introduction The Union in Peril is a period that drew a lot of passion and controversy in the American history. Many major events took place from the birth of the Union until 1877. Three major players during this period included the white northerners, white southerners, and the African Americans. For both whites, the main issue of concern was the future of the West. The white southerners were worried about imminent dominance by the white northerners. The African Americans were concerned about freedom. The enslaved African Americans particularly found freedom an almost impossible feat to achieve. Dred Scott’s case showed how the court system was compromised. All these events drew varied reactions to Americans. Southerners felt that the secession was better for them. However, other Americans felt that rather than secede, war was better. (Oakes et al. 415) Towards Conflict The motive behind the Wilmot Proviso was to do away with slavery in the newly acquired lands after the Mexican War that occurred between 1846 and 1848. The southerners knew that the expansion was in earnest. It would only lead to the rift that already existed. War was imminent. Civilians wanted war. As more states seceded, the reality of war to protect the Union loomed. According to Oakes et al, each opposing side felt that it “was the ultimate protector of the country’s revolutionary heritage”(419). The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made both blacks and whites worried. This is because both could feel the consequences of the act. For instance, the fugitives were concerned because they could be taken back with consequences. Also, their accomplices would face the same. This is because those who would failed to arrest the fugitives stood to be jailed. Officers would be rewarded for capturing runaway slaves. Those officers who would fail to capture the slaves were liable to a fine or even imprisonment. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 would
Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among social scientists to refer to the process of Globalization as such that results in depriving people of their sense of national/cultural identity. For example, according to Sánchez (2010, p. 71) ‘(due to Globalization) we are facing both a breakdown and a disarticulation of institutional and symbolic mediations from the past… that are having a strong impact on identities’. And, as anti-Globalist demonstrations that are now taking place throughout the world indicate, many people do consider this process strongly counter-productive, in social sense of this world. Apparently, they believe that there is indeed very little to win from Globalization-fueled process of cultural unification. Nevertheless, such point of view, on the part of people who oppose Globalization, can hardly be referred to as being thoroughly justified. The reason for this is simple – individual’s sense of cultural/national self-identity is only one among many emanations of his or her existential identity per se , which is why even though Globalization does diminish people’s identity-related cultural anxieties, it simultaneously provides them with an opportunity to attain qualitatively new ‘post-industrial’ identity. As it was implied in the Introduction, one of the reasons why anti-Globalists adopted a strongly defined negative stance against Globalization, as the process which they believe accounts for the gradual destruction of people’s sense of cultural/national identity, is that the concept of ‘globalization’ is being quite inconsistent with the idea of ‘diversity’, in traditional sense of this word. According to Nuyen (2003, p. 75) ‘One distinct
The following are the main points from the chapter 15 of the Self Help in Hard Times book that were determined as Zinn’s main points of interest: Social Unrest is a By-product of Inequality The first main point of Zinn in this chapter is that social unrest is connected to inequality in the current system. As seen in the case of the IWW, the various protests brought about by the defunct socialist party as well as the other subsequent protests that were shown in the chapter, the concentration of wealth and opportunity towards a small sector of the population breeds considerable discontent (Zinn 380). Simply put, the more processes implemented that favor the wealthy, such as tax deductions and priority treatment, the more likely people are to rebel resulting in social unrest. Zinn points out that the development of social unrest through organizations such as unions is only a by-product of a greater case of social resentment over the trickle down effect having little in they way of sufficient positive social benefits. It is based on this that Zinn implies that the problem with worker strikes is not the creation of unions; rather, it is the way in which the current system is setup where a select few are given disproportional advantages over the rest of the population (Zinn 385). So long as this problem persists, the same protests, violence and societal unrest will continue to exist well into the future. The problem, as Zinn points out, is that there is a considerable difference between a living wage and what employers pay their workers. If workers are actually paid enough for them to live comfortably, it is unlikely that they would even strike in the first place. Resistance to Change Another of the main issues pointed out by Zinn in this chapter is the resistance to change presented by the government, the wealthy and other local organizations. For example, despite the Seattle protests being generally peaceful, the response of the authorities once it was over was to violently arrest the individuals who lead the IWW. Not only that, there are numerous instances showcased in the chapter of law enforcement generally overreacting when it came to peacefully addressing the problem of worker strikes (Zinn 379). There was also the case of resistance to change on the part of the rich wherein instead of acknowledging the fact that their workers were being underpaid and giving them better wages, they actively attempted to repress the workers as muc
Introduction The aerospace industry is among the most complex businesses to undertake as the business involves several commercial challenges that are often difficult to comprehend. This commercial investment normally faces a series of challenges ranging from financial deficiencies, political interferences, social problems, technological complications, to legal dilemmas. Although most of the companies strive to excel in the highly challenging environment through revising and reforming their operational strategies, their chances of business survival are often miniature. Bombardier Aerospace is among the globally renowned dealers and manufacturers of private jets with long-term survival record of several decades since its inception (Bombardier 18). Despite its massive performance over the years, the company has been facing a number of irresistible challenges regardless of its strategic management plans (Bombardier 18). Central to such problems, this essay focuses on providing a comprehensive critical analysis of the Bombardier Aerospace, while focusing on its several external and internal factors. SWOT and PESTEL in the Case of Bombardier SWOT is a business analysis model that stands for the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that determine the survival of a business in a certain commercial space (Valentin 94). The SWOT business analysis tool is a strategic assessment instrument that helps analysts and managers to identify the lapses in the current operations of a company and provide possible solutions to fix the identified problems (Valentin 94). The case of the Bombardier Company contains identifiable strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats. PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal components will also make up the analysis. Threats to the Company Legal dilemmas A significant threat to the strategy of the Bombardier Company in the unveiling of the C-series airplane model is the legal dilemma that the company is facing. Neighboring countries are using the World Trade Organization (WHO) regulations to create legal controversies that seem to be veracious to the existence of the C-series scheme (Bombardier 25). WHO controls the international trade and it is a powerful institution that presides over the business agreements between the transnational firms. A significant threat to the launch of the C-series model is the previous trade litigations between Canada and Brazil that concerned trade fairness. Technology and modern innovation In PESTEL, technology is a crucial facet in determining the successful development of a desired business or project (Mahara 366). The Bombardier Company has failed to remain resilient or adaptive to the modern technologies that spur innovation and growth in the aerospace company. Its chief competitor has consistently evolved together with the remarkable transformations experienced in the aerospace industry. Such a levelheaded strategic progress makes Embraer viable to future evolutions. Even as the company seeks to introdu
Introduction The provision of quality healthcare should be without any discrimination. It should befit all the patient’s needs and preferences and avoid unnecessary delays during its administration. A study by Healy (2011) rates Australia as having one of the best quality care systems globally. The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare acts as a guideline to ensure that strategic measures of quality and safety are put in place in all healthcare facilities (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2009) Healthcare professionals are judged by their behaviors, mode of communication and general etiquette. It is common sense that when a patient comes to seek healthcare services in a healthcare facility, they put their trust in the health and human service practitioner in the belief that their problem will be taken off. Most healthcare centers fail to meet the high expectation of the patient due to the unprofessional conduct of their practitioners. This not only leaves the patient dissatisfied but the general image of healthcare professionals is destroyed. This paper will therefore analyze the general conduct of healthcare professionals and what is expected of them as professionals. Understanding Professionalism In Healthcare Context Many scholars have attempted to define the term ‘professionalism’ but no specific definition has surfaced. However, professionalism is the high level of competency or skill portrayed by a professional. The main role of a professional in the healthcare context is to offer quality clinical services to patients (Bhugra and Malik, 2010). The skills and character of such a professional are therefore reflected in a multi-faceted approach to the general rules and regulations that govern clinical practices. Health care practitioners are faced with several issues that put their professional conduct in question. Some of the issues include lack of proper communication, loss of patient information, or even medical errors. Though the issues are blamed on other factors such as poor technological infrastructure systems, most are blamed on personal negligence by healthcare practitioners. A professional should therefore be guided by a code of ethics to ensure professionalism and integrity when discharging their duties. A good example is the Australian Code of Professional Conduct for nurses and medical doctors which sets out the expected professional conduct of the medical practitioners in the course of their duties. This is regardless of whether they are dealing with patients, health care workers, or medical officials. To realize these norms of healthcare, professionals should not only be guided by the set codes but also through their set principles. Professionalism in the healthcare context, therefore, upholds the principles of universalism and neutrality that
Introduction The greatest problem here is communication coupled up with poor planning. For the activities to be carried out smoothly, it requires good inter-departmental communication so as the whole organization works as one unit. It will take a properly laid out communication program to ensure that every member of the organization knows exactly what is happening at what time and by which department. In addition, each head of the department should have a clearly defined plan of what is to be done where and when and what are the requirements which he should ensure are in place in due time. Background A successful organization needs to have a good communication strategy at all times. This includes both internal and external communication (Redoctober, 2008). The problem facing ABC Inc. is a breakdown of internal communication. In an organization, there need to be two forms of communication which are formal and informal. Informal communication, information flows through the specified company rules. These include reports, memos, directions, etc. These forms of communication take place in three channels that are supposed to be open at all times. These channels are upward, downward and horizontal communication. The downward
Background of the Problem In the age of globalization and rapid technological development, new technologies go far over IT sphere and are incorporated in nearly every field of activity. One of the spheres that are learning the benefits of technology and the new media that it empowered is business. One of the new media choices that have been underestimated until recently as a technology for business is blogging. A blog is a social media tool that can be defined as an online diary where users post their personal experiences, daily events, thoughts and ideas about a topic of interest or expertize (Palonka and Porębska-Miąc 36). On the whole, blogging allows sharing knowledge as well as obtaining feedback through commentaries, which empower the development of new ideas. Initially created as personal journals, blogs are entering the business sector providing unique opportunities for promotion of products and services, publishing of company’s news, and delivering g technical support to clients. Corporate blogs are gaining popularity and coexist with corporate websites suggesting many benefits both for customers and a company. For example, a blog is less formal and uses a more lively, direct, and informal style. Also, a blog is interactive and implies two-way communication, which is important for many clients (Palonka and Porębska-Miąc 37). A blog is usually easier to navigate and updates information more frequently than a website. On the whole, a business blog can be considered as a significant communication channel that empowers the growth of a business. Due to business enhancing communication, a business blog has a potential to develop relationships with both loyal and prospect customers as well as reveal clients’ needs. Finally, it is a powerful source of feedback that provides an organization with alternatives for further improvement. The Relevance of Blogging Utilization in Dubai Tourism A blog is one of the tools applied within Web 2.0 capabilities. It allows keeping in touch with clients and promote products and services (“Business Reference Guide: Telecommunications & the Internet Age” 17). Blogging applies to many business directions but can provide many benefits for tourism marketing. For example, the Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM), which is the major authority for tourism in Dubai, can utilize blogging as an opportunity to enhance planning, supervision, and development of the marketing that is aimed at making Dubai a leading tourist destination (Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing). Also, DTCM markets and promotes the emirate’s commerce sector being responsible for both licensing and classification of various tourism services including “hotels, tour operators, travel agents, and other tourism services” (Department of Tourism and C
Introduction As of late there has been a constant cultural idea within Canada what has defined its military operations as primarily consisting of peacekeeping measures. Peacekeeping, as defined by the most international relation scholars and the U.N., is defined as a rather unique system of armed intervention in order to instill order within countries that are currently in conflict in order to create conditions appropriate for the development of peace. In this regard, it is thus considered that due to its participation in numerous U.N. peacekeeping measures that Canada itself is thus a peacekeeper that does so due to altruism and the desire to mitigate international conflict, however such an assumption should not be immediately assumed to be true. This paper is not trying to state that Canada is not a peacekeeper; rather the justifications behind the participation of Canada in peacekeeping measures must be taken in consideration. Harting and Kamboureli as well as Jefferess and Beaver in their various work examining the “myth” behind Canada’s peacekeeping actions explain that the prevalent social idea behind peacekeeping and what it actually is in reality are actually two divergent and distinct concepts which should be differentiated in order to gain a proper understanding of the justifications and reasons behind Canada’s actions as a peacekeeper. As such an examination of Jefferess definition of the use of ethos and selective interpretation, Harting and Kamboureli’s use of ethos and national interests and finally Beaver’s use of peacekeeping as a method of military survival will be examined in order to give a clearer picture of the reasons behind Canada’s peacekeeping measures and how they differ from the current ideas proliferated in society. Article Examination Harting and Kamboureli Harting and Kamboureli in their article “Introduction: Discourses of Security, Peacekeeping Narratives, and the Cultural Imagination in Canada” present the argument that the idea of Canada as a peacekeeper (international arbiter of global conflicts) is highly ambiguous, rooted in apparent racial undertones and the development of a specific type of public ethos in order to protect national interests both domestically and internationally (Harting and Kamboureli, 660). The term “racial undertones” is connected to the historic concept of “the white man’s burden”, a view that presents the idea that white people have an inherent obligation to encourage the positive development of other cultures until such a time that they are fully inculcated in the adoption of western ideals and mannerisms. Harting and Kamboureli give evidence of this apparent cultural predilection when they cite the following statement by Adrienne Clarkso
Introduction Aroma components that are common to the grape cultivar are vital in defining the wine aroma aspect of wine quality. Sauvign blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Semillon grape are cultivars of which their typical aroma may be described as constituting vegetative, grassy, herbaceous, gooseberry, asparagus and green pepper nuances. The nuances are caused by a particular group of chemical components referred to as methoxypyrazines, though other chemical components also contribute to the complexity of the aroma. There are three kinds of Methoxypyrazines (grape-derived flavour compounds), namely 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (IBMP), 2-methoxy-3- sec -butylpyrazine (SBMP) and 2-methoxy-3-isopropylpyrazine (IPMP). IBMP, SBMP and IPMP have astonishingly low sensory thresholds in wine, which are generally reported at low ng/l levels (Murray and Whitfield, 1978). Concentration of wine Research on the occurrence of isobutylmethoxypyrazine has indicated that it has a methodical and regular association with the grape variety and vine growing conditions. The occurrence of isobutylmethoxypyrazine-like aroma in the making of wine is regularly associated with the grape variety, which proves that the methoxypyrazines are produced under genetic control in the grape berry. In spite of the production of noticeable isobutyl-methoxypyrazin levels by Sauvign blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Semillon, other cultivars are observed to lack the ability to produce this compound. In another study of different grape varieties using vines with the same vineyard, high levels of isobutylmethoxypyrazine were observed in Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc grapes, but no traces were found in Pinot noir (Heymann, Noble and Boulton, 1986). Research has indicated that there is a direct relationship between the maturity of grape berries and concentration of isobutylmethoxypyrazine, such that increasing maturity leads to a decrease in concentration. Another study showed that the ripening temperature of the grape berries also affects the concentration. A study comparing fruits at various stages of ripeness, higher levels of methoxypyrazine were observed to occur in cool regions by comparison with warm regions. The level of isobutylmethoxypyrazine was observed to drop below its sensory detection threshold, in warm areas, by the time it got to harvesting time. In cool areas, the level ranged from 20-30 ng/L (Heymann, Noble and Boulton, 1986). A regular increase in the concentration of isobutylmethoxypyrazine has been observed during fermentation with grape skin contact. This implies that methoxypyrazines can either be extracted from the solid parts of the grape, or produced by yeast-mediated effects. An increase is initiated by ensuring contact of the juice with the grape skins, and it decreases as fermentation progresses. Another important factor affecting the concentration is the vine canopy and the pruning