ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Since the first hierarchic systems appeared in society, the figures of political leaders have inevitably been at the center of public attention. Chiefs, emperors, and presidents have been ruling the destinies of whole nations and defining the course of history. When their policies ceased to satisfy the needs of the population, protests emerged and new leaders came to the fore giving hope to millions for a better life and a just world. Among such leaders of the twentieth century, one can observe two personages who embody whole eras in the life of their countries and whose actions have lead to a sharp turn in the course of events in the world political arena. So significant is their political legacy that their lives and ideas have found reflection in multiple informative sources, among which are video biographies Madiba: The Life and Times of Nelson Mandela (directed by Robin Benger) and Fidel Castro: A Life of Revolution (directed by Terence McKenna). Featuring various aspects of the life course of the two leaders, the videos provide an insight into the events that contributed to the development of personalities and reveal both the similarities and the peculiarities of their actions, ideals, and achievements. The present essay aims at focusing on the details of Mandela’s and Castro’s biographies and the features of their characters which have determined the nature of their political activities. Learning about the childhood and background of both leaders, one reveals a striking semblance. Both were born to relatively prosperous families which could provide a worthy education to their children who proved bright enough to be top students. As their university majors, both Castro and Mandela chose jurisprudence, and both of them subsequently worked as lawyers, often for free, as they were protecting the rights of poor people. Their formative years went under the sign of political education and activity. Nelson Mandela attended the meetings at the Royal Kraal where he listened to the debates over the burning issues of the time and learned a lot of things that further on influenced his leadership style, and the ideals of equality and democracy with minority right firmly established in his mind with a view to eradicating the social injustice that flourished in his country torn apart by the policy of apartheid. Fidel Castro developed an interest in Karl Marx’s theories, attempting to understand the historical process and to figure out the ways to overcome the poverty, illiteracy, and lack of medical care that brought his country to misery. Both the Cuban and the South-African ideologists openly and repeatedly displayed their active political positions, which consequently lead to Mandela’s expulsion from the Fort Hare University. Further on the paths of leaders followed a course of severe and violent obstacles on the way they envisaged
Imperialism may be regarded as a situation where a nation exerts a lot of effort to influence and dominate other countries and mostly politically and economically. Cultural imperialism on the other hand is considered as the situation where the western countries dominate the media worldwide and in the process exert a lot of influences on the cultures of the developing nations that in turn conform to theirs. Imperialism has both negative and positive consequences to both the donor and recipient nations. One of greatest advantage of the imperialism to the donor nations which are generally the western nations is its success to influence the cultures and views of the residents in the third world nations. They thus end up embracing foreign cultures since they perceive them as being more superior to theirs. This process has necessitated the growth and expansion of the western firms and in particular American companies. The advancement of technology and especially the Information Technology (IT) has greatly boosted the concept of American cultural imperialism as a result of the enhanced integration that is associated with the advanced IT that greatly enhances globalization through e-commerce. The high spread of the American culture in many parts of the world has become an issue of concerns to many nations as is sometime being taken as a modern form of colonialism. The American imperialism is characterized by an increased consumption of American products and the dominance of the American culture worldwide. Many nations are complaining because of the domineering aspect of the American culture. Many nations associate American cultural imperialism as a key factor that has greatly contributed in eroding their native values and traditions. The aspect of imperialism is not a new phenomenon in the 21 st century; Imperialism has been in existence since the time of the Roman emperor and also the 19 th century during the period of European colonization. The cause of the great worry on the American cultural imperialism is the impact in which it is spreading. The American culture imperialism has seen widespread proliferation of the U.S. products across the globe. Despite the complain from some nations on the domineering aspect of the American culture, some nations such as Canada are now happier due to the American culture imperialism as it has caused them more good than harm (Culture and Globalization, 2011). The concept of the use of media to promote imperialism has been an issue of controversial for long. It has been addressed by various scholars among them Latin American thinkers who included Tomlinson who argued that globalization is a term that is used to refer to the latest phase to a process that has a long history. He considered the concept as a process that is aimed on propagating western cu
Introduction Far from heavens (2002) by Todd Haynes is an exciting domestic melodrama about a model house wife who was privileged in the 1950s America, she was greatly inspired by the Hollywood dramas of that time. Haynes illustrates how calm and gorgeous the suburban life was in the mid centuries and how emotions and desires are able to cross the boundaries of racism. The characters in this movie are Cathy Whitaker who is depicted as a model housewife in 1950s in Connecticut, her friend Eleanor who assisted her to plan parties for local societies, and her husband was Frank. Cathy is a wife and a mother of two children; a girl and a boy while her husband Frank is a breadwinner, a father to the two children. Cathy crosses the border and befriends her gardener Raymond who was of the black race. Frank has unique character of being attracted to men, when he realizes this, he confesses to his wife who takes the initiative of taking him for rehabilitation. The therapy however proves futile and Frank eventually leaves Cathy for a man; this leaves Cathy confused and eventually she becomes a victim of a mixed relationship which is not acceptable in the society. Homosexuality Homosexuality is portrayed by Cathy’s husband, Frank is late from home on the excuse that he is working late, Cathy goes to his work station to deliver him supper only to find him passionately embracing another man, he confesses to Cathy about his homosexual feelings, he goes for therapies with no success, eventually he leaves Cathy for a man. Haynes portrays homosexuality as a taboo being a subject of the 1950’s and a disease. Frank is in difficulties because of his sexual orientation, he has a habit of visiting the bars after work where he is portrayed as a gay who picks men at random. Even after undergoing psychotherapy to cure his homosexual urge, he does not deviate from his homosexual behaviour but he drinks heavily; due to Frank’s ill health he take time off from work and takes his wife to Miami on a holiday, in Miami Frank starts another relationship with another young man who is beautiful according to his judgement.When both of them return to Connecticut, Frank tells his wife about how the plans he had harbored to have an affair with another man in Miami and this causes them to divorce. Frank can no longer control or resist his attraction to men and he leaves his child
The attempts to improve healthcare service delivery and the quality of service have a significant impact on the population. In my letter, I will speak on behalf of the population of Idaho (“Submit a letter to the editor,” n.d.). The problem is the quality of services in different healthcare institutions in Idaho. The reason that has encouraged me to express my opinion on the problem of value-based healthcare is the news article by Galvin (2017). In the article, the author discusses the most recent official discussions of the model under consideration in Washington. In particular, the article provides personal opinions of primarily positive healthcare experts. As for my personal opinion on the mentioned article and its validity, I believe that the majority of benefits of a value-based healthcare system stated by the experts should be regarded as reasons to take further steps to develop implement this approach to healthcare in Idaho. In other words, there are no inconsistencies in factual information. The implementation of a value-based healthcare system in Idaho is expected to improve the health of the population in our state. The minimization of costs is essential but it does not affect the quality (Hillary, Justin, Bharat, & Jitendra, 2016). Among the statements included in the article under consideration, there are claims related to barriers to the implementation of the model. The brightest examples of such barriers, the experts believe, are the unreadiness of providers to shape a new vision and the necessity to improve care payment mechanisms. Apart from that, the experts suppose that the implementation of virtual visits will be among the key innovations, improving the quality of healthcare. As for me, I suppose it to be the key step to improve care quality. In general, the implementation of a value-based healthcare system would have a positive impact on the population of Idaho due to its ability to improve the quality of service in all institutions and medical centers. Nowadays, the idea of value-based healthcare is becoming more popular in Idaho. A few local healthcare organizations have already implemented a value-based reimbursement model. Taking into account the advantages for patients that the system involves, it is necessary to support the implementation of new
Introduction The United Arab Emirates is a nation renowned for its immigration policies, which have led to the majority of the population being comprised of noncitizens who come in from various locations around the world. Its two largest cities, Abu Dhabi and Dubai, are each responsible for a large portion of this massive population, mostly in the form of expatriate workers. Abu Dhabi, in particular, is a noteworthy case study subject due to its history as the center of the UAE government and its corresponding influence on the question of immigration in the nation. Moreover, it is not as well-known worldwide as Dubai, in no small part due to its lack of publicity efforts such as skyscraper construction. This case study will investigate the history, current state, benefits, and issues of these questions in the city to illustrate the immigration and citizenship questions. History In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the UAE was effectively under the British Empire’s control. As such, there were numerous foreign workers and officials in its territory, controlling and exploiting the nation’s resources. However, the British government became unable to control the region in the 1960s and eventually abandoned it, with the emirates moving to become a federation known as the UAE today. However, many foreign immigrants remained in the nation for whatever reason, creating citizenship issues. As Lori (2019) notes, initially, only Arab males who could trace their lineage to 1925 or before could become citizens, with the rest effectively stateless despite citizenship laws being passed. While individual emirates still provided passports to those who did not qualify, citizenship matters were decided solely by the federal authorities located in Abu Dhabi. As more oil was found in the Emirates, immigrants would come in to satisfy the demand for labor and participate in the nation’s rapid generation of wealth. However, while Abu Dhabi was eager to accept the new workers, it was also firmly against letting foreign actors benefit from its resources. Lori (2019) outlines the nation’s 1972 federal nationality law, which requires the potential UAE citizenship candidate to have lived in the country since 1940. The 30-year period was incorporated into the law for non-Arabs later on instead, as the 1940 date became more distant. With Abu Dhabi’s growing influence, it was able to pressure the other emirates into following suit, creating a system where obtaining citizenship as an immigrant is highly challenging. The policy has not relaxed since the nation’s inception, likely because of the dramatically growing numbers of immigrants and concerns over national identity. The Present Nowadays, the proportion of UAE nationals in the country is substantially lower than it was when the nation was first formed. López (2016) explains that foreigners were two-thirds of the population two years after the nation’s formation, over three-fourths in
Introduction All organisations establish their unique people management strategy with a view of enhancing the achievement of their objectives effectively. Hospitality organisations, in particular, consider this to be an important aspect because they offer services. This implies that their employees are the actual meeting point between the organisation and its external consumers. This paper analyzes the internal consumer strategies for three companies: British Airways, Hilton Hotel, and the Wembley Stadium. Hilton Hotels Corporation Hilton Hotels Corporation has commissioned a third party, Kenexa, to develop its people management programme. The main expectation of the hotel is to develop an HR talent programme that will be aligned to Hilton’s HR vision. Kenexa employs use of focus groups, critical incident questionnaires that focus on existing HR talent, together with the general managers, as well as job analysis with the aim of identifying HR talents (Hilton Hotels and Resorts, 2013). This strategy also entails formulating a success model that would enhance goal achievement for Hilton. Kenexa has on its part established a web-based solution whose main mandate is to evaluate HR candidates with respect to the trait clusters that are associated with four HR talent types; technical expert, change agent, strategic partner, and team member champion. Another program aimed at people development strategy at Hilton is referred to as the Top Gear development program that mainly targets the HR professionals. The program operates by allowing up to 20 HR professionals to attend four models, with the main aim being to enhance their competencies on the talent curve blocks. The end objective of this programme is to promote the professionals in order to manage even bigger roles, such as being regional HR managers (Hilton Hotels and Resorts, 2013). British Airways The British Airways focuses mainly on motivation as a significant part of its people management strategy. The company invests heavily on its internal customers by ensuring that the best and highest levels of value and service are available. The company has put more attention on the working environments of its employees; where a move to open corporate offices has seen the company set up a state of the art facility at Waterside (British Airways, 2013). The new office facility at corporate business park mainly seeks to ensure that employees operate in a serene environment in order to motivate them into producing more. This is in tandem with the company’s vision of ensuring that it motivates its human resource towards achieving greater success and results towards serving its customers. Part of the investments aimed at creating a unique working environment that motivates the workers at Waterside include ‘hot desking’, as well as ‘cyber surfing’. These facilities are open and available to the more than 3,000 workers based at the facility. This highlights the company’s main strategy of achieving g
Introduction Communication is the process of transmitting information from one place to another. It is the key to all sectors of the economy because, without communication, the development will not occur. Ineffective communication, distorted, or delayed communication is even worse. Therefore, it is beneficial to integrate technology in the form of Digital Media Production. The discussion covers the following issues: Digital video production, recording, and HDTV implementation in Australia; Impediments of HDTV in the market; Australian HDTV system; How to make HDTV system interactive and lastly we shall describe the TV over the IDSL. Question one: Digital Video Production, Recording, and HDTV implementation in Australia According to Thorde (2001), video production equipments include Time based Correctors, Digital video effects and Thomson- CSF. Digital Video production can be interlaced or progressive. When one is recording pictures using Interlaced method, one should write all the even numbers, followed by the odd numbers, and these results in half pictures known as fields. When one is recording pictures in the Progressive method, one has to write the numbers in progression. The result pictured is called frames. The Progressive method is standard for computers and is most preferred to Interlace method because it produces more quality pictures to be displayed in graphics. The broadcasting corporation for Australia supported the early digital broadcasting services. The corporation had been optimistic about acquiring a high definition television to enhance the quality of broadcasting services. Australians associated the quality of broadcasting services with high-speed broadcasting and increased freedom for its members to launch many channels at different times of the day (Thorde 2001). Question two: The system of HDTV in Australia Richard Alston, the Minister for Communication in Australia, announced the decision for the government to introduce digital television in (DTV) 1998, which was to start in 2001. Sponsors found the decision. DTV was to be implemented in the urban setups and later on to the other areas in the country. Completion of eight years necessitated the adoption of High Definition (HD) content, with some fee charged. According to the government laws, Broadcasting services act of 1992 states that the license is a necessity for all the broadcasting services (Elliot 2007). In 2008, the minister made another announcement on the need to implement HDTV. The high definition components in the HDTV enhance the quality of broadcasting services. Question three: The Impediments of HDTV System in Australia and Other Parts of the world The Minister launched the Digital system in 2001. However, inhabitants of Australia lacked the know-how to receive signals from the broadcaster. Barn (2002) argued that people in Australia did not support the conversion to HDTV because it was expensive, unlike the TV which could be affordable. HDTV was expensive because it has more than one sound system. Another impediment for HDTV is that it displays resol
“The Book Thief” by Markus Zusak Teaching about the historical importance of book burnings in Nazi Germany in 1933 using the novel “The Book Thief” by Markus Zusak should incorporate jackdaws. This piece was published by Knopf Books for Young Readers in 2007, and it narrates the hard life of Liesel Meminger, an avid reader, during the time (Zusak, 2007). The story is significant for understanding the political power of words. Supporting materials alongside the original story are appropriate for grades 9-12, and student participation will be ensured by providing resources of high interest that are easily comprehended (Rasinski, 1983). Hence, the focus of this project is on increasing awareness regarding the selected period through reading. NCSS Theme and NGSSS Standards The theme which corresponds to the discussion of the selected book is “Individuals, groups, and institutions” since the topic reflects on the link between these elements and their political significance. In other words, an examination of the methods which entities can adopt for controlling people’s activity can be performed concerning this aspect. In turn, the chosen period is aligned with two NGSSS-SS standards, which are “Interpret primary and secondary sources” and “Describe how history transmits culture and heritage and provides models of human character” (“NGSSS_SS,” n.d.). Their inclusion is conditional upon the suitability for referring to multiple resources for clarifying the relation between literature and people’s mindsets. Artifacts Photographs and Video Materials (World Jewish Congress, 2019) (The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d.b) (“Book burning,” n.d.b) (“Book burning,” n.d.a) (Naor, 2019) These artifacts are photo and video materials related to the described events. The first picture is a short film clarifying the types of books that the Nazis burned, and it will be used to introduce the period (World Jewish Congress, 2019). The second photo shows the response of American Jewish leaders to the event, which is helpful for reflecting people’s attitudes (The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d.b). The third and the fourth items are
A product that both me and my parents bought recently is Aveeno body lotion. We made these purchases separately, in different retail chains, and at the same time, while using various methods of product distribution. Having analyzed these methods of shopping, one can conclude that different generations of consumers use those methods of purchasing goods that are most convenient for their social group. My parents bought body lotion at one of the large Walmart stores, located on the highway away from the city. This is a fairly traditional way of making wholesale or just big purchases. The lotion made it onto their large grocery shopping list for groceries and household chemicals. This method of purchasing seems to my parents the most convenient due to their habit of traditional methods of obtaining goods. For the older generation, a trip to the supermarket is like a family ritual, like going to a restaurant or a movie, and therefore is the most comfortable way to shop. I bought my body lotion using the Internet. Having found out through the official website of Aveeno retail the companies that sell their products, I discovered that I could purchase the lotion through the Amazon portal. Because I regularly use this network to buy souvenirs and a variety of things, Amazon seems the most comfortable way to buy goods (Culpepper, 2020). The younger generation prefers online shopping not only because of the sedentary lifestyle. This makes it possible to independently choose from a huge number of offers, facilitates the search and packaging of goods and greatly saves time and effort. Shopping through Amazon and similar networks is becoming more common, even stores like Walmart are adapting their technology strategies. Reference Culpepper, P. D., Thelen, K. (2020). Are we all Amazon primed? Consumers and the politics of platform power. Comparative Political Studies 53 (2). Web.