ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
New Orleans is undoubtedly the only place in the world where jazz music could have been born. It is a city of incredible diversity and rich history. Perched in the delta of the Mississippi river it has been a center of commerce and culture for the longest time. Named after the town of Orleans in France, New Orleans lived through the rule of the French and the Spaniards before becoming a rightful subject of the United States. From the early days of its history, the city became known as a jubilant place with its annual carnivals. The traditional celebration of Shrove Tuesday called Mardi Gras is famous around the world. During the festival city’s denizens dress richly and celebrate wildly, marching on the streets in colorful processions. New Orleans has always boasted a diverse populace with a significant number of people of color living in the city. And with different nationalities came different cultures and beliefs. Catholicism mixed with Voodoo rituals, traditional choir chanting tangled with the rhythms of Africa. Such an eclectic foundation served the birth of jazz music wonderfully. The music of the early jazz band of Buddy Bolden and Nick LaRocca drew on the very essence of the city. It captured the entirety of the city’s culture, its wild mix of religions and nationalities, and its semi-tropical climate of almost never-ending summer. It channeled the brass band dance music of the 19 th century into a similar, yet different form. Jazz is still a part of life in New Orleans. The city holds annual Jazz and Heritage festivals to celebrate the music and ensure it remains known as the birthplace of jazz. A music critic Bruce Eder proclaimed Benny Goodman’s performance at Carnegie Hall “jazz’s ‘coming out’ party to the world of ‘respectable’ music”. With the phenomenal success of his new rhythmic style, Goodman triggered a whole new era for the American music scene – the age of swing. The musical career started early for Goodman. After receiving lessons from the classically trained clarinetist Franz Schoepp and being influenced by already developed New Orleans jazz of Johnny Dodds, Leon Roppolo, and Jimmie Noone, he promptly joined Ben Pollack Orchestra and worked with them for five years. After that, he set forward to play with his own band eventually starting a nationwide swing craze with a series of successful concerts. In 1938, his success was marked by the famous concert in Carnegie Hall. In the 1930s Goodman contributed to stopping racial segregation in music by employing musicians of color Teddy Wilson and Gene Krupa to play with him, ignoring the infamous Jim Crow laws of the southern states. The recording of Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing) was one of the first to break the convention of 3-minute long recorded songs, lasting more than eight minutes with the famous Carnegie Hall version lasting 12 minutes 30 seconds. The work with Benny Goodman gave a boost to many famous jazz musicians of the era including the pianist Jess Stacy, gui
Abstract The paper researches the problem of women rights in the UAE and the Middle East. It aims at the investigation of recent movements in the state and explains of the idea that a significant improvement of views on women and the decrease of sexism could be observed. Qualitative research design and the method which investigates peoples experiences are chosen to conduct the study. To prove the hypothesis an interview among 20 women aged from 20 to 40 is used. Participants belong to different social groups which increases the relevance of data. In general, respondents admit the gradual improvement women rights and a decrease of sexism. The study could be used for the further investigation of the issue in the region. Introduction The 20th century could be characterized by great changes in peoples mentalities and shift of priorities towards the tolerance and equality. The rise of civil rights movements along with feminism resulted in significant processes in the society that stimulated the reconsideration of the role of women and provided them with numerous opportunities to contribute to the creation of new approaches and ideas. These processes also helped people to work in a different way. New ideas that women had were important for the Western world, and it tried to support them. However, regarding the Middle East, the situation remained complex. The inability to accept innovations and create the ground for the reorganization of the society was preconditioned by a traditionally different perspective on women rights and their role in society. However, the last several years the gradual enhancement of womens position in the UAE have been admitted. Under these conditions, the importance of the problem for the further evolution of the UAEs society becomes crucial. The findings of the given paper could be used to create the basis for the further investigation of the issue in the region. Literature Review First of all, the current situation in the UAE and its perspectives on the role of women are mainly preconditioned by the ratification of the Convention for Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) on 6 October, 2004 (International Federation for Human Rights, 2010). For this reason, the
Introduction The Tadawul Saudi Stock Market started its operations in 1986. It has since grown to become the region’s leader in the stock exchange market. Research reveals that Tadawul is among the leading stock markets in the world. However, critics assert that the 37-year old industry bars foreign investors from engaging in its business activities. Under the Capital Markets Authority (CMA), Tadawul remains a competent stock market with at least 160 companies trading their stocks therein. Statistics reveals that the market is worth $360 billion currently. The market’s success emanates from the country’s economic stability and oil mining activities. Despite its streak of success, research indicates that the market has been subject to economic challenges. The argument is that the country’s authorities viewed the stock’s boom as a sign of economic growth. Therefore, they failed to predict the occurrence of a subsequent downfall once the market’s potential was exploited to the optimum. Further, the 2006 to 2008 economic crunch in the world challenged every country’s business, and Saudi Arabia was not an exception. During the 3-year long economic downfall, the country’s stock exchange market experienced lows of 8,000 and 5,000 simultaneously. The outcomes of these lows compelled investors to engage in the selling of their stocks in order to avoid additional losses. However, the investors’ decisions to sell their stocks led to the incurrence of more losses as the move heightened the supply, amidst poor demand. It is evident that the Tadawul Market suffered an overall loss of 65% in that period. Research indicates that the situation occurred because of the level of ignorance that prevailed upon the responsible authorities, the country’s media, and the entire population of investors. Case Study: Financial Management Principles (FINA) 3311 As a financial analyst in the BHH Company, a person realizes that the company trades its preference and ordinary stocks with a view of amassing extra capital from the investors. According to the firm’s recent statistics, its tax rate is 30%. On the other hand, the company’s current price per coupon rests at 12%. The information is vital in the process of evaluating the expected growth rate of the preference and common shares. The coinciding calculations to establish the firm’s stock changes indicate the possibility of a 7% overall growth. Therefore, the predictions that the firm’s semi-annual payments and bonds are predicted to escalate to a maturity price of $1,140 within a scope of ten years. According to the corporation’s president, the firm intends to avoid the prevalence of chances that might coerce it to issue new shares in the market. The perception that the restraint will act as a remedy to avoid dwindling of the company’s capital amount remains insufficient. The argument is that the subsequent decision will lead to the inflation of its preference and common share prices at a 7% rate for every un
History is the science of human existence. Throughout many centuries historians have been studying records or particular events of various times and places. The United States of America is at once a brand new nation and a very old and ancient one. However, the United States of America did not start functioning as we are all used to see it now until 1776, when the Declaration of Independence had been established. The history of the United States is a chronicle of plenty of nations who together compose the grand United States of America. Since the first Europeans arrived in 1492, millions of people from many different countries have entered the United States and made the country their new home. Just the way the history had been processing as a natural occurrence, the terms “confidence” and “captivity” appeared and gained its own coloring within the frames of the US history and the US literature. “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” was published in 1861 by Harriet Jacobs, using the pseudonym “Linda Brent.” The entire book is based on feminist thoughts and therefore it points out the actual term of slavery and captivity in relevance to the cusp of girlhood. The book reveals various humiliations the author had to endure in that unhappy condition together with particular tortures experienced by women. The main trait of the book is that the author shows the level of confidence and captivity of both men and women to be nearly equal. Jacobs puts Linda in similar straits as men, though acting on her convictions and gaining the same freedom. It is hard not to see that Linda’s condition as a slave is the main source of her unhappiness. This is where her confidence suffers from constant attacks, suggestions and harassment by her owner Dr. Flint. And here, we can purely follow the way “captivity” is embodied – Dr. Flint does not punish her with whippings but with words. Women Captives and Indian Captivity Narratives were created to be the special genre of American literature. Here we observe the use of “captivity” as a violent and brutal expression of society. The main characters are usually white European women kidnapped or captured by American Indians. The captivity narratives determine principles of a nation – what a woman should and should not do. In these stories, the world and life of women are described pretty vividly. All they see is the violent deaths of their husbands, brothers, and children. Often, they are forced to fulfill roles unusual for women: being violent in their own defense, physical challenges such as long journeys on foot, or lies of their captors. That is how the term “confidence” is expressed. Women, forced to live the way they are not created or meant to, are made to change their views and confidences according to the environment and conditions they are put into. The Confidence-Man (1857), Melville’s last major effort to personify satire of American life set on a Mississippi River steamboat. The Confidence-Man uses the Mississippi River as a tool in order to identify the broader aspects of the American character that brings together and unites those disparate
Describing the Situation An examination of the case study shows that Classic airlines has experienced a considerable decline since January 2005 wherein it has experienced a decrease in not only the amount of passengers that have subscribed to its “Classics Rewards Program” but also in the number of repeat passengers that are already part of its loyalty program (University of Phoenix, 2011). Such a decline is indicative of competitive pressures squeezing its current consumer base to the point that many are choosing to fly with the company’s competitors. A loyalty program can be described as a structured marketing effort meant to encourage loyal buying behavior towards a particular service or product. It is utilized as a means of increasing sales by ensuring that a client/customer will continue to come back to that particular company in order to patronize what they are selling. For the airline industry, loyalty programs come in the form of frequent flyer miles wherein a certain number of miles per year (i.e. 25,000, 50,000, 100,000 etc.) that are accumulated with a carrier become redeemable as either a free trip, a hotel stay, or can be exchanged for various goods or services (University of Phoenix, 2011). One common theme seen through the loyalty programs of airline carriers is that the benefits accrued through such programs increase based on the amount of miles flown with that airline. Since there are a certain amount of miles that need to be flown to be eligible for certain benefits, this encourages customers to stick to a particular airline over a prolonged period of time in order to avail of them. The problem with Classic’s current loyalty program is that it simply is not effective enough in ensuring sufficient consumer patronage. While the company is profitable, it is literally bleeding customers and losing stock value. As such, a solution must be developed to create a stopgap measure to keep its current customer base and increase it in the near future. Defining the Problem Within Classic Airlines, there is apparently a chasm of interest between the different “camps” among its key players which has bogged down the ability of the company to focus on a specific solution that would resolve the its current problems. Amanda Miller, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company and Catherine Simpson, the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) are numbers oriented and perceive that a “numbers oriented solution” (i.e. cost cutting) would enable the company to become more profitable (University of Phoenix, 2011). On the other end of the spectrum is Kevin Boyle, Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) who views better marketing initiatives and marketing alliances as the best way of resolving the company’s problems. Other opposing viewpoints come from Renee Epson, Senior Vice President of Customer Service who views improving the customer service system of Classic as a way of improving the ability of the company to better connect to its customers which John Hartman, Senior Vice President, Human Resources agrees with (University of Phoenix, 2011). These contending solutions and viewpoints have backlogged the ability of the company to actually formu
Political Views Over the Sugar act The Sugar act or simply American revenue act entails the derivation of a mechanism to raise tax. The act, passed by Great Britain parliament in 5 April 1764, states that, “it is expedient that new provisions and regulations should be established for improving the revenue of this Kingdom…and…It is just and necessary that revenue should be raised…for defraying the expenses of defending, protecting, and securing the same” (Countryman 51). The 1733 tax rate that was agreed upon in the molasses act had been significantly reduced but since the tax had not been successfully collected due to colonial invasions, the American duties act attracted imposition of strict measures into place to ensure t tax collection. The action to impose the measures invited queries by the colonialists regarding the British parliament’s intent. This facilitated the growth of movements opposed to the proponents of the act. Adams expressed his political discontent by writing inflammatory letters. On the other hand, Otis defended the colonies by resting his cases on “laws of nature and goodness of British constitution, both terms of sufficiency ambiguous for him to convince vast audiences that his arguments were unanswerable” (Countryman 92). Despite expressing their political discontent in different ways, they were both opposed to the act. Both Adams and Otis, according to Countryman, “The Sugar Act underscored a growing disconnect between Britain and the colonies” (44). The two opponents viewed imposition of the tax act as away to counter and recover the costs incurred in defending British colonies. Adams’ Role in the Stamp act Samuel Adams housed in an umbrella under the name, sons of liberty, rose up to in hard way to oppose the act. Sons of liberty declared the tax illegal and not right. To put words into actions, according to Adams, “…they burned the stamps and drove out the stamp tax collectors…” (4.6). Adams plays a significant role in heading the Boston sons of liberty group, which is deemed one of the rowdiest patriotic groups in Boston. His role saw him elected in the general court of Massachusetts in 1765. He came up with strategies to spread immense brouhaha of the stamp act. The strategy made the Bostonians to reelect him despite his acts that threatened to corrupt the
A Step Ahead Career Fair The third edition of the Glowork’s “A step Ahead Career Fair” is due in April 2015. This event is anticipated to be the largest career fair involving women in the entire Middle East region. It is expected to exhibit massive improvement in comparison to the two preceding events. The upcoming edition shall not only be held in Riyadh as has been the custom, but shall also make its debut in the cities of Aldamam and Jeddah. This new development is aimed at broadening the event to incorporate a larger number of participants from across Saudi Arabia. As of now, the 19 th booth has already been sold. This is an indicator that participants are scrambling to be part of the event as its importance and fame skyrocket. Saudi Arabian firms are gradually acknowledging the significance of the event and are embracing it. As such, it is imperative that female job seekers follow suit because this event exclusively focuses on them. It is time to dispel the myths and cultural obstacles that have previously kept Saudi Arabian women in the confines of their homes despite having enviable qualifications. The Saudi economy needs their input to become more prosperous. Marketing efforts have been doubled and the prospective participants as well as sponsors have that have expressed interest have already been made public. The trend will continue as more companies show interest. Awareness campaigns have been stepped up as well. The aim of the campaigns is to raise the awareness of Saudi Arabian women insofar as the career fair is concerned. It is critical that they understand that the event is all about them as it seeks to motivate them, link them with suitable prospective employers, and encourage them to embrace various rewarding careers that they have shunned in the past. The event is organized for the benefit of all Saudi Arabian women ranging from fresh graduates to those who have the highest post graduate qualifications. A step ahead career fair is a two-day event in which workshops are held by participating companies and sponsors in addition to a general conference that brings together all participants and invited guests from across the world. Women benefit from the career fair because they receive advice and guidance from experienced and successful career women as well as wonderful job opportunities. Participating companies benefit because they advertise themselves and access qualified and competent employees. Sponsors benefit because t
To follow a raw food diet means to eat only unprocessed, or raw food, and food cooked in a special way, not exceeding a certain degree of temperature. Various philosophies and lifestyles are involved in the movement, which means different trends can be distinguished within the movement itself. Such trends include the raw vegetarianism, raw veganism with sub-trends like “paleo” vegan diet, fruitarianism, juicearianism and sproutarianism, and raw animal food diets, for example, anopsology, primal diet, and “paleo” meat diet. Some of these trends are more popular than the other, and some are almost marginal, but it would be a fair assumption to say that the social component in these movements is as essential as the nutritional. To illustrate the mentioned thesis in this paper, it may be necessary to do a background research on the movement and then analyze its present state and future directions and perspectives. While the concept of consciously choosing to eat raw food is ancient and dates as early as Ancient Greece and Rome, where fasting and eating raw fruit and vegetables was considered healthy and beneficial for body and mind, the actual raw foodism movement was born at the beginning of the twentieth century, and later was revived twice in 1970s and the late 1990s, as the interest for “fancy” and healthy food habits steadily grew. For some time, the movement has been “underground” among other trends like vegetarianism and veganism, more popular at the time, but then, as Frederic Patenaude reminisces in his article, “The Death of the Raw Food Diet”, there appeared an actual “raw food scene”: If you had been a 100% raw foodist … [and] if you could claim to have done it for a decade or longer, you were viewed with a godlike aura. All the gurus were claiming to eat a 100% raw food diet, and were encouraging their followers to do so. If you were strong enough … you would convince as many people as possible to do the same. You would hang out with other raw foodists almost exclusively, and try to “spread the word” in a way that dangerously resembled a cult. ( The Death of the Raw Food Diet par. 24-26) The social component of the raw foodism is evident, and its aims and objectives are similar to any other social movement, including the attraction of new participants, getting their message across and drawing the public attention to their cause. A few extremities also existed in this movement, simi