ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Definition of Trans-cultural Nursing Transcultural nursing is a special discipline in the field of nursing, which entails a comparative study of the cultural health practices of different people, communities, families, cultures, and sub-cultures (Andrews & Boyle, 2008, p.4). As a result, trans-cultural nursing aims at developing a body of knowledge, which enables nursing professionals to deliver culture-specific and universally acceptable nursing care services to different people who are drawn from various backgrounds (Andrews & Boyle, 2008, p. 4). Cultural influences on nurse-client interactions The contemporary nursing practice faces major challenges in terms of providing care to a large number of patients with different cultural beliefs, behaviors, health practices, and values (Bastable, 2008, p. 96). Therefore, diverse cultural health practices and behaviors can influence the relationship between nurses and their clients because they play a major role in determining different styles and patterns of communication used by nurses on different clients. In addition, cultural practices are very influential in nurse-client interactions because of their role in enhancing or hindering therapeutic communication between the two parties (Bastable, 2008, p. 98). As a result, culture and other related factors influence therapeutic communication between the nurses and their clients in different aspects. Factors affecting Therapeutic Communication Cultural perceptions attached to different illnesses in different cultures can influence therapeutic communication in that they determine the individual understanding of different situations relative to one’s cultural and social experience. As a result, communication breakdowns occur due to differences in cultural perceptions between the nurses and their clients (Bastable, 2008, p. 100). Conversely, differences in the cultural contexts of the nurses and their clients can influence therapeutic communication because different cultures have different ways of communicating and attach different meanings to various aspects of communication. Therefore, communication between the two parties may be hindered in case the two cultural contexts contradict each other (Cohen & Cesta, 2005, 132). In addition, it is obvious that different cultures and sub-cultures have different languages. Consequently, the interaction between nurses and their clients may not produce positive results if the two parties are using different languages. Apart from gender stereotyping in different cultures, gender differences in communication influence the nurse-client interactions in that the ability of men and women in using different communication skills differs from one culture to the other. For instance, women are very sensitive to nonverbal cues than men. As a result, the use of different communication styles is influenced by gender differences. Additionally, different cultures attach different meanings and values to various health conditions. As a result, the patient’s health status influences therapeutic communication in different ways. For instance, a patient who is in pain may be pre
Chesier v. On Q Financial Incorporated deals with the concept of a hostile work environment. Chesier, the defendant, worked for On Q and fulfilled administrative functions. One day, her work-related conversation with Middleton, her supervisor, suddenly took a sexual direction. Both spent around three hours sending and receiving messages with sexually explicit content, and Chesier did not attempt to stop the conversation. One day after, Chesier filed a lawsuit against On Q, claiming that she had suffered from a hostile work environment, and Middleton lost his job. Despite regarding Middleton’s behavior as ethically inappropriate due to the power differential between the involved parties, the court declined Chesier’s claim and denied her motion for summary judgment. It held that Middleton’s conduct was not severe enough to constitute a hostile working environment. The court’s decision could have different effects on the involved parties and society in general. Firstly, the decision offers some protection for organizations by preventing single and non-systematic incidents of sexual harassment from inflicting responsibility on entire companies. It does so by requiring Chesier to prove that the experience was extremely severe. To qualify as such, Middleton’s conduct would have to involve measurable negative consequences for Chesier’s physical or mental health, for instance, injuries or moral damage from intimidation or unwanted touching. None of these outcomes were stated and proven by the defendant. Finally, the decision can prevent accusations against organizations that do not leave the reported incidents of harassment unaddressed, thus protecting responsible employers. Chesier’s claim involved no evidence that On Q had been explicitly supportive of Middleton’s behaviors or failed to react accordingly. Instead, right after receiving the plaintiff’s complaint, On Q initiated an internal investigation and then fired Chesier’s supervisor, thus removing the key source of concern for the employee. Considering that, the abovementioned case outcomes further differentiate between organizations that actually take steps to prevent further incidents and employers that are aware of workers’ or contractors’ misconduct and fail to intervene.
Introduction In the United States, much attention is paid to the process of accreditation in order to improve the quality of the education system. At this moment, regional accreditation determines the work of more than 3,000 colleges and universities with seven commissions operating in different geographic regions (New England Association of Schools and Colleges, n.d.). This self-regulatory activity is based on a number of significant standards by promoting the quality, security, and regional traditions, and all higher education facilities must be organized, meeting a list of demands. The development of a new academic program includes such important tasks as cooperation with various campus constituencies, learning the amounts of documents, and ensuring its worth through presenting good samples (Driscoll & de Noriega, 2006). The evaluation of the work of the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities and its requirements for submission of a proposal helps identify the key factors in the development of a new program, which are chance recognition, professional and financial support of experts, and clearly identified goals. Factors in the Development of a New Academic Program The creation of a new academic program is a significant step that to be supported by strong decision-making, readiness to prove choices, and abilities to use available resources. In the existing variety of barriers and opportunities, a program developer has to remember about the main principles of this organization. A new program is introduced regarding students’ needs that have a tendency to be changed all the time, learning abilities, social expectations, and a competitive environment (Shavelson, 2010). However, the major factors that can determine the development of an academic program remain the recognition of a chance (motivation), support of experts (initiation), and goals with a clear focus (awareness). First, a person has to identify an opportunity to do something new in the chosen high
Technologies that Allow an Individual to Research a Citizen’s Private Data One of the most commonly used technologies to research a citizen’s private data is via the online system used to record credit scores and an individual’s outstanding debt. While such systems were once limited to banks and various credit card companies in the past, these days they have been increasingly utilized by employers, insurance agencies and even service providers in order to assess the eligibility of a particular individual for employment, insurance or even the installation of utilities (Media Awareness Network, 2010). In a similar vein to the system used for credit scores and outstanding debt are the online hospital records that enable hospitals from various counties and states to immediately learn of a patient’s medical condition and past treatments for an accurate and expedient diagnosis. The only problem with such a system is that aside from hospitals, private institutions such as insurance companies also have access to such a system in order to evaluate whether a person is a viable candidate for a life/health insurance policy. The last pervasive system that allows an individual to research a citizen’s private data are online social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Google Plus as well as through online search engines such as Google. Through these networks, a person’s likes, dislikes, current status and daily activities are can be monitored and used against them as seen in various cases involving identity theft and the firing of employees for various acts of misconduct that were shown on the social networking site as well as can be sold to various corporations for profit (as seen in the case of Google). Advantages of Public Access to Private Information Based on the various snippets of information indicated above it can be seen that the most obvious advantage of public access to this information is that it enables various companies to evaluate potential clients as to their financial/health-related viability for credit, insurance, and utilities. This reduces the likelihood of people with bad credit histories getting an extra line of credit or a person that has a history of drunk driving and accidents being approved for life insurance. Also, from the perspective of a potential employer, having access to such information enables them to evaluate whether an individual is suited for a particular position based on their history of debt, health and various other personally identifiable information that can be attained from such records (Martin, 2011). For those being investigated though such access can often result in them b
Introduction The overuse of specific natural resources can result in reduced sustainability and even threaten the integrity of a country’s economy. The promotion of new policies in Qatar strengthening the partnership between public and private sectors is an effort that has resulted in a shift to economic diversification, thereby increasing the sustainability index. The discussion below gives a detailed analysis of the thesis and supports it using various examples from Qatar. Diversification Policies For many years, the government of Qatar relied on the gas and oil industry as the main source of wealth. The Qatar government has introduced new policies and plans to support the initiative include the Qatar National Vision 2030 and the Qatar National Strategy 2018-2022 (Tok 632). These plans are improving the level of inclusion for the private sector. Such new partnerships are making it possible for small business entities to receive government support and continue transforming different areas of the economy. More people have been able to get new job opportunities that never existed before. For example, the hotel and hospitality industry has become essential due to the increasing number of people visiting the country. With these new developments, the oil industry is currently contributing less than 50 percent to the GDP. With the idea of diversification, the government has supported ICT useful different policies. The move has made it possible for Qatar to have a mobile penetration of 100 percent (Tok 632). Around 89 percent of the population has a computer while the greatest percentage of the population has access to the Internet (Tok 633). Logistics and tourism industries have received continuous support as a way of preserving the available natural resources. The exploration of untapped areas is a practice that will eventually support economic sustainability. Economic Sustainability The concept of sustainability revolves around the availability of different sources of GDP and economic opportunities for all citizens. Overdependence on a given sector is malpractice that makes a country incapable of overcoming the challenges associated with financial crises or any form of depression. New sectors arising from the established public-private partnerships have become across the country (Biygautane 91. For instance, the Qatar Tourism Authority is keen to support emerging businesses and private companies that can attract more people and fulfil their expectations. Such an achievement has the potential to increase Qatar’s foreign exchange and attract more foreign direct investments (FDIs). The outlined development is making it possible for Qatar to diversify its economy and maintain the pace set by other countries in the region. With its financial strength and GDP, Qatar has the potential to consider new strategies that will improve the level of economic sustainability. Such a move will present additional opportunities for the people to
Input/ Output (I/O) of data refers to the type of interface used to enter data and extract data. Data is entered into a system as instructions that are then processed. Data is also entered into the system to further refine and convert it. While large volumes of data are usually done by using EDI (Electronic Data Exchange), smaller volumes or irregularly formatted data can be entered manually. When automated systems are used, certain specific file formats, that can be read by the IT systems need to be used. Some such file formats are comma-separated value (csv) and others. This paper provides information on the I/O methods used for different applications. Accuracy of data input is important. Method of data input which is the best for each of the following situations Printed questionnaires  Manual entry or handwritten. This is needed since the questionnaires would be distributed to people.                                 Telephone survey        The interviewer who calls up people can either enter information in a web form using a keyboard                                      Bank checks             These can be printed using special software. But the signature has to be done manually to prevent fraud.                             Retail tags             Retail tags are printed using inkjet printers connected to computers. They are also made as bar-coded tags and printed by computers. Long documents          Data can be input by using the keyboard since the information can be saved and retrieved and there are lesser human errors            Convenience and quality of output are important. Method of output that would be best for each of the following situations Hand held computer     Output methods are Infrared ports, screen, peripheral devices connected to the USB port such as Flash drives, printers, modems, etc. Since the keyboard of small hand held devices is multifunctional, it is difficult to manipulate, edit or process data by using the inbuilt keyboard. Color photograph       High resolution colour screen or a high resolution colour printer. The image can also be sent through modems, network cards, etc.                                                                                                                                                         Resume                 Printer – black and white, Screen. A resume will only have text characters that needs to be read using a hardcopy or online.                                                                                                                                                              Memorandum             Printer – black and whi
The Texas Tribune has recently published an article on the government mandates on COVID-19 vaccine bans by the Governor of Texas Greg Abbott regarding COVID 19 vaccines. In particular, the article notes that the Governor has announced an executive order that prohibits any government entities to “compelling any individual to receive a COVID-19 vaccine” (Svitek, 2021, para. 5). An exception to this order is nursing homes, as well as state-supported living centers. Additionally, Abbott urged lawmakers to develop appropriate legislation to govern the functioning of state and federal vaccine mandates. This order was issued shortly after the approval of the Phizer vaccine by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Governor also specifically emphasized that private businesses and public entities receiving private funding cannot require an individual to confirm vaccination to receive services, although it was already banned by the state law. However, this order does not affect the requirements that private entities may establish regarding the vaccination of their employees. In this regard, some independent institutions are already criticizing the mandates banning of the Governor, as they are convinced that “the safest path forward… is for all staff to become vaccinated” (Svitek, 2021, para. 14). Governor Abbott has previously resisted forced vaccinations and the wearing of personal protective equipment, which sparked widespread resentment. In this context, there is a rapid increase in infections in Texas, and the percentage of the population vaccinated is less than half (Svitek, 2021). Many believe that the approval of the vaccine could help accelerate the rate of vaccination among Texans, and the Abbott order is having a negative impact on the epidemiological situation. Governor Greg Abbott is a member of the Republican Party, which in part explains his views on the situation. In particular, in the context of the global pandemic, the Governor focuses on the personal choice of people, saving them from mandatory vaccination. This step can encourage people to be more responsible in assessing facts and making decisions. On the other hand, this strategy threatens the well-being of the whole society and attracts widespread criticism, which also negatively affects the attitude of the population towards the Governor. The banning of mandates exclusively affects government entities, which supports the right of people to receive a variety of public services. A ban on visiting any institution without proof of vaccination may become an act of segregation. In this situation, Abbott, in my opinion, is taking the right direction since he emphasizes the equality of all citizens, regardless of their position on vaccination. Private entities can still independently regulate their policies regarding the need for proof of vaccination, which also preserves their rights to self-government. The situation described in the article is still extremely controversial since it contains a discrepancy between individual and social
Introduction Organized crime has become a key problem that law enforcement institutions have to deal with in Australia. This type of crime has become complex and the police and other law enforcement agencies need to be well prepared to deal with the threat that society can be exposed to. It is estimated that Australia loses 10 to 15 billion dollars annually because of the activities of organized crime groups. The police therefore must put in place stringent measures, which can make it difficult for organized criminal groups to perpetuate their activities without any regard for the law. This briefing paper is going to highlight the various organized crimes that are present in Australia and how law enforcers can rid society of these crimes. The crimes to be discussed are fraud, embezzlement, money laundering, tax evasion, and drug trafficking. This paper will validate the assertion that organized crime not only hurts the community but also the financial well-being of Australia at large. Background The issue of organized crime continues to pose a big risk to the well-being of Australian society. This is because these criminal incidents have become more sophisticated and those who commit them are more adept at manipulating the rule of law. The most common forms of organized crime that are likely to occur in the country include cybercrimes, money laundering, counterfeiting, tax evasion, drug trafficking, public sector corruption, and corporate embezzlements (Schloenhardt 2011, 11-12). All these criminal activities are committed by criminal gangs and networks to obtain power and financial clout within the locations they operate from. The police in Australia must deal with these forms of crimes because they pose the biggest danger to the well-being of Australian society. The strategies that the police use to fight crime must be able to respond to the needs of law enforcement in the 21st century. Organized crime gangs continue to come up with new methods through which they commit crimes without being stopped and as such, they risk eroding the rule of the law in the country. The incidents of financial crimes are also a problem for the police to deal with because they involve a great deal of planning and execution to avoid detection. These crimes cause great harm to many people and business entities and as such, the police must design strategies, which can help to reduce the occurrence of financial crimes. Successful organized crime operations within a country make it difficult for the government and the police to exercise their authority in upholding justice and the rule of law (Schloenhardt 2011, 13-14). The police must monitor all suspicious activities that are
Case Background The case illustrates Franklin Fan’s flawed implementation of a Material Requirements Planning system creating incorrect order processes leading to shortages, delays, and inefficiency. The system was suggested by the organization’s vice president of supply chain and operations, Kathryn Marley (Week 5 MRP Case, 2013). The suggestion followed rising popularity of the company’s products: personal fan (PF032) and ceiling fan (CF151) as an initial step toward a full-fledged ERP process. Although the MRP system is fairly functioning, it needs improvement as it currently leads to shortages, delays, and functional inefficiencies. Improving the system will ascertain timely deliveries, minimize shortages and unnecessary costs, and increase overall profitability. Review of Manual MRP The manual MRP explosion highlights production projections within a six weeks’ timeline. The projection addresses each product’s forecast, booked orders, projected on-hand inventory, MPS quantity, MPS start, and ATP. The system projects 954 of the 954 CF151 each week. The projection reveals decreased customer booking with time when projected from week 1. However, the MPS quantity is within the projected forecast, implying that the new system can significantly address quantity and priority issues. Equally, the forecasted quantities for PF032 are slightly above the MPS quantity for weeks 4, 4, and 5 except for week 1, 2, and 6 which do not have any orders. Thus, the MRP explosion for CF151 occurs throughout the estimated period except Pd 6, while that of BF032 occurs within Pd 1, Pd 2, and Pd 3 with exceptions in Pd 4 to Pd 6. The findings illustrate a need for improvements of the MRP systems to incorporate such a projection system to address capacity and prioritization issues to enhance production and customer satisfaction. Identification of Good and Bad Points of MRP Benefits The MRP has facilitated accurate creation, storage, maintenance, and retrieval of BOM files and inventory records. Hence, inventory transactions are accurate after removal or replenishment of inventory from stockroom. In other words, the system has enhanced credibility of the current on-hands balances. The MRP also experiences an explosion each week providing new material requirements plan, which is vital for the identification of new orders for launching (Week 5 MRP Case, 2013). The system also allows material search to identify scheduled receipts to expedite and those to delay through pushing their due dates to create room for urgent tasks. Shortcomings The main shortcoming of the MRP system is that it does not address capacity and priority issues. The system l