ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of current essay is to provide the analysis of Thanksgiving Day’s historical cultural patterns of celebration in the past and now. The Thanksgiving Day rites, customs and options of celebration will be discussed in relation to ethnographic features of a given territory and its people. New York Macy’s parade held during Thanksgiving Day was chosen as the primary object of analysis. Besides this current research provides the description of the role Thanksgiving plays in shaping cultural and religious identity of people and reflecting deeper social layers of life. Current paper is subdivided into several parts. The analysis of Thanksgiving Day in historical perspective is provided in the first place with detecting changes that occurred in the way it is celebrated. Secondly, the contemporary Thanksgiving Day cultural patterns are analyzed with a special emphasis on values, food, family relations and places of celebration. Thirdly, a comprehensive analysis of Thanksgiving Day in the formation of people’s social, religious and cultural identity is provided with a particular emphasis on the role of religion, social experience, the relations within family and the formation of the intrinsic worldview and values. The analysis of ethnographic cultural patterns as they are presented in New York cultural patterns of Thanksgiving Day celebration are embedded in the discussion of identity formation. To top it all these descriptions are made drawing on a relevant material of modern Thanksgiving Day celebrations. If all these stages of research are completed we hope that a comprehensive account of Thanksgiving Day in terms of its role in shaping people social and cultural identities would be provided. History of Thanksgiving Day in the United States Figure 1. History of Thanksgiving Day in the United States. The history of Thanksgiving presents an interest to popular writers, historians, sociologists and anthropologists. The story of Thanksgiving Day celebrating began with Pilgrims, the newcomers to America who organized the fest for Wampanoag people and themselves on October 1621 (Meyers, p. 114). After the United States gained their independence three presidents prior to Abraham Lincoln such as Washington, Adams and Madison issued proclamations of Thanksgiving as a national holiday. For a long period of time Thanksgiving was popular only in the states of New England and to a much lesser degree in mid-Atlantic states. Besides this it should be mentioned that Thanksgiving was
Human management systems (HRMS) entail vital connection between human resource and information technology. The system combines HRM and particularly its primary HR functions with information technology aspects, while the data processing system gets developed into standardized usual patterns and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software (York and Tyson, 1996). These EPR systems emanate from software that joins information into unified worldwide database. The system facilitates automation of duties that concern human resource management. The advantage is that it minimizes the manual work load of the human resource department, and also enhances standardization of the many processes in the entire department as it accelerates effectiveness and efficiency. Efficiency is of essence in the HR department as a number of tasks take place with minimal interruptions and hitches. In most cases, the human resource department goes about its businesses without much notice from other departments. It is only when problems emerge that attentions go to it. This shows that most organisations do not prioritize their HR departments. Consequently, they deprive HR departments full space of exhibiting their potentials in the organisation. The system controls all the company’s activities that include training and development, compensation, recruiting, and performance management. It aims at meeting the needs of the human resource component of companies and industries. Therefore, it facilitates the management of significant aspects of staff work effectively. However, the system reduces the HR department workloads and accelerates the efficiency of the department through standardising HR processes. In addition, the system is able to perform tasks of tracking and analysing time management, and work patterns of the employees. These applications come in a wide variety of platforms for aiding the department manage their tasks and facilitate the automation of various duties. Therefore, organisations cannot do without them. The HR function’s reality The HR department assumes a relevant position as it portrays the company’s development and integrity. The core duties of the HR department involve evaluation of the company’s activities and monitor the work trends of the company’s workforce. The human resource department works in collaboration with the higher man
The GASB accounting treatment for capital project funds is based on the principles of the modified accrual accounting in contrast to the full accrual accounting rules that are followed in private enterprises. Thus, for capital project funds, accountants refer to standards that are normally used for any other type of the governmental fund (Freeman, Shoulders, Allison, & Smith, 2012). It is important to note that for capital project funds, any capital expenses are mostly presented as expenditures. From this perspective, the focus is on matching expenditures with the finances or resources that can cover those expenditures at the moment when the cash is paid. This detail is the significant one in order to differentiate the GASB accounting treatment for governmental funds and the principles of accrual accounting (Reck, Lowensohn, & Wilson, 2012, p. 182). Thus, the focus is on the correlation between expenditures and revenues when actual expenditures are noted, and revenues are received during the concrete period of time (Reck et al., 2012). The other main GASB accounting principles in this case are that debt issues and expenditures should be discussed and reported when the process of selling was completed as it is important that the expenditures are measurable and clearly matched with the gains or revenues (Freeman et al., 2012; Reck et al., 2012). The reason to use such specific approach
Coming out is the process of identifying, accepting, and revealing one’s impairment to others. The process of one illuminating a very bright light on their impairment and coming out is termed as compelling. This process is not a one-day event but a lifetime process (Barnes and Mercer, 2010). The impaired people mostly always disclose their identity and orientation because the society they live in today assumes everybody is normal. Coming out is not an easy case because every new person they meet has to choose whether to come out or disclose impairment. The process begins with the individual (Barnes and Mercer, 2010). The stage is uncomfortable and stressful initially; this is because many the impaired people have digested the negative and misrepresented information from society. The last step includes coming out to people, like family, friends, workmates, or schoolmates (Barnes and Mercer, 2010). This step is difficult, too, because it involves convincing the assumption of society that everyone is normal. Those who manage to complete this process of coming out experience freedom and live authentically, forming a genuine relationship with those who understand them. Impaired people face some challenges when coming out, especially if they live in an unsupportive surrounding. They face the challenge of selecting who to come out to first. It is very difficult for them to select who to start with (Bates, 2014). It is hard during the first time because they do not know how this person will react. It is easier for them to come out to the second person than the first one. Besides, choosing the appropriate time to come out is a challenge facing the impaired (Bates, 2014). The impaired are mostly confused at what time it is appropriate to come out. Besides, the impaired face the challenge of wondering who will be on their side after they come out. The impaired worry much about who really cares about them and also who does not care (Burr, 2015). In some cases, there are those who care about them, while others do not care about them coming out. The impaired face another challenge of discovering the right words to use when coming out (Burr, 2015). They cannot use the same words to everyone because there are different categories. There words for family, workmate, teacher, and best friend, indeed there is a lot of speech. Also, the impaired find a challenge when handling the nerves. In most cases, they are so nervous since they wonder will they mess up with the person they are coming out to (Cameroon, 2014). They see that it might be embarrassing because society assumes everyone is normal. Besides, the impaired always fear to open up because they may be told that they are confused (Cameroon, 2014). It will be a turn-off for them because they trusted that person and decided to come out to them only to receive feedback of being told they are confused. Accepting one’s impairment has tremendous benefits on their mental wellness. Studies show that persons who accept who they are have fewer chances of hurting themselves, lows stress makers, and fewer mental health problems (Swain et al., 2014)
Introduction Although since the inception of the film industry and inventions a lot has evolved, from its humble beginnings, principles of neo-realism can easily be outlined. The film “Stranger than Paradise (1984)” is an artistic work of one person – Jim Jarmusch. A synopsis of the film as presented Jarmusch indicates a drift from the tenets of neo-realism to a futuristic story-oriented comedy that is hard to categorize, as depicted in Magill’s Survey of Film – he describes it as “a road film with an unknown destination; a buddy film but friends dissociate most of the time and a near documentary film with a realistic synoptic view showing a delicate membrane between daily life and the ridiculous ideas that are presented in theatre (Lanzoni 29-33). Formalistic aspects of the Film In the phenomenon Willie and Eddie return from gambling; on reading Eva’s note, they make up an assumption on her course of action and go after her. In the confusion that ensues thereafter, Willie boards the plane headed for Hungary and takes off leaving Eddie behind only to realize Eva is not on board. This section conforms to the neo-realism aspects where films sought to represent or depict life as it is. Considering the timeline of the film, there were communication limitations and in such situations, people can only be directed by their instincts. This is exactly what Eddie and Willie chose to do, at the helm of their confusion. Also, in desperation to aid their circumstance, Eva goes back to the hotel only to find an empty hotel room. On the other side, Eddie is left alone at the airport making it difficult to connect with either of his colleagues (Lawlor 1). This incident has plenty of formalistic aspects, because it is a comedy that is based on paradoxes of life, while Willie is acting in a rush to find Eva, Eddie is hindered by the jam of people to get on board, and owing to time limitations, he is left back; hence, complicating the situation further. On the other hand, Eva’s intention was moral, because she took the responsibility of informing her buddies about her course of action, but there seems to be a misunderstanding and rush to a conclusion by the two gamblers. In daily life, such misunderstandings have often been one of the primary causes of resource and time wastage, in addition to occasionally straining relationships; hence, greatly jeopardizing people’s social life. Indie” cult Classic aspects of the Film Stranger than Paradise emerges as an outstanding indie cult classic film
Introduction The masterclass with John Gross, a jazz saxophonist, lasted 90 minutes. Gross started from telling the story of his path in the field of jazz and focused on motivating students to challenge themselves to play the music that nobody wants to play. This practice aims to improve not only the technique but also the understanding of jazz music (Whitehead 54). After these introductory notes, Gross asked a student to challenge himself and focus on sight-reading to improve the understanding of the saxophone music character (Berle 12). Gross selected a specific piece to play, and when the student stopped playing, Gross asked him about his feelings and any questions. Referring to the student’s questions, Gross focused on the role of a melody in playing the saxophone when it is necessary to produce a specific jazz sound. Gross asked students to pay more attention to overtones while playing. Main body After answering the questions, Gross focused on the character of jazz music and its impact on playing the saxophone. Gross noted that saxophonists often find playing different scales as challenging tasks, but the problem is in the lack of the developed finger technique, and more finger exercises are necessary (Taylor 12). While exercising, it is also important to pay attention to minor scales and minor thirds. The other challenge is intervals, especially broken chromatic intervals. Gross explained how octaves and the fifths along with the non-tone and twelve-tone could influence the melodic pattern. Gross stated that when students pay attention to the intervallic practicing, they also become good at understanding the jazz music and combining scales and different intervals (Smith 218). Gross demonstrated how it is possible to combine the intervals to achieve a certain melodic pattern and noted that, in this case, the success depends on the finger technique and on the ability to ‘feel’ the music. Therefore, Gross claimed that before playing a particular piece, students should learn the technique of those saxophonists who played the piece previously. It is important for a jazz musician to train his ears and learn those pieces that sound interesting to catch the listener (Murphy 27). One more approach to training the ear and developing the technique mentioned by Gross is listening to the great saxophonists with the purpose to imitate their technique. However, to distinguish the great and interesting players, it is necessary to listen to the variety of saxophone pieces and players to identify possible mistakes and strong features of the technique. Gross noted that it is important to notice how players can make mistakes sound better while using improvisation, and the saxophonist demonstrated such an approach to students (Berliner 22). The final notes made by Gross were related to the necessity of practicing the chosen key and selecting those pieces that are unknown and seem to be challenging to imitate the approaches of great players and then play differently, comparing performances of these players. Conclusion Conducting the masterclass, John Gross
Frans De Waal, a Dutch-American primatologist, researched the morality of animals using bonobos and chimpanzees. He discovered that animals have instincts to make morally right decisions (Jaroš, 2017). In times of trouble, animals fight for their fellow animals’ survival and freedom. He also found that all social animals have ways of cooperating and showing empathy. His research identified that human beings and primates are all apes, but on a different stage of evolution and civilization, with humans having superior thinking. Indeed, it is necessary to consider making ethical decisions on animals, for they deserve humane treatment. Animals live in a social environment; thus, they have adopted moral codes for survival. Human beings should strive to guarantee animals their fundamental rights to foster better cooperation and enhance the lives of animals. According to Monsó et al. (2018), De Waal asserted that animals could not express emotion because they are limited; for instance, they could convey emotions if they could speak. Essentially, humans should ensure animals have their basic rights because both animals and humans are social animals and should live interdependently in mutually benefitting ways. Animals’ basic rights are many, and they differ in nature, scope, and volume. Animals deserve good treatment in their social interaction with human beings. Indeed, humans are apes just as primates; the main difference is that humans have rationality (Monsó et al., 2018). According to Monsó & Wrage (2021), animals deserve rights that usually manifest through slight reactions such as touch. The rights include care, empathy, consolation, reconciliation, kindness, tolerance, and reciprocity. There is, however, a hierarchy in the prevalence of those rights; dogs, for example, should have more rights than mice.
Introduction Becoming a parent can be exciting and fun; however, it can be too demanding, notably if a mother lacks adequate knowledge of maneuvering through the primary care practices. As a new parent, one is bound to have several questions regarding the appropriate approaches for taking care of infants. This paper provides a guide for new parents; it focuses on three major parental subjects, including early sensory development, breastfeeding versus bottle feeding, and attachment. Early Sensory Development Vision Babies can detect motion at birth; they can focus on devices placed at a distance of approximately eight inches. They are usually sensitive to bright light and have green and red color vision. Towards the second month’s cessation, infants can monitor smooth movement patterns and begin discriminating between colors. Furthermore, according to Gogate (2017), they can focus better on objects placed farther away during the third month. Infants also start developing depth perception during this period, which develops continually until age two or three. Various toy companies develop miniature replicas with geometric shapes and white and black colors for newborns and brightly-colored toys with specific patterns for children aged three months and above. Playthings encourage development since they promote the proper formation of the child’s neuronal pathways. Hearing By the gestation’s termination, a baby’s auditory system is usually fairly mature; their hearing sense continues to develop throughout the initial year following birth. Babies exhibit this sensation by turning their eyes or head toward a sound’s direction. According to Gogate (2017), neonates are more likely to react to higher than lower frequencies. Furthermore, longer duration and repetition increase babies’ hearing probability and response to a particular sound. Parents can enhance infant stimulation using musical toys with high-pitched tones and repetitive sounds. Taste and smell Taste buds become perceptible during the eighth gestation week – their taste sensation is usually formed by the fourteenth week. Infants typically express aversive and positive facial reactions to tests at birth (Gogate, 2017). Their sense of smell is manifested at birth; they start distinguishing and preferring their mother’s scent. It is crucial to monitor their response to textures, salty, bitter, sour, and sweet sensations to identify their dislikes and likes. Touch Infants, regardless of their age, have a well-established sense of touch. At birth, an infant’s sense of touch can be distinguished through their reflexes whenever they interact with various stimuli. An example is a rooting reaction, which occurs when a child turns its health reflexively towards the direction of its cheek’s touch (Gogate, 2017). It is crucial to comprehend the touch stimulation types preferred by an infant. For instance, bab
The concept of federalism is one, which member groups are bound in togetherness by a covenant. There has to be a representative from the government who acts as their head. Federalism can also take a form of government where there is some division between the central government and various political units for example states or provinces that operate autonomously. In any federal government, there has to be well formulated democratic rules with the power and authority to govern. The member states must thus share this power constituting what is referred to as a federation. In federation, the constituent governments must be in favor of the federal government which has distributed powers across the national, supranational and regional level (Eugene, 2007). The most political influential movement since the early 1790s has been federalism. This is why a lot of emphasis should be put when it comes to formulating its policies and rules that will be operational over a long period of time. Considerations in developing Emergency Response Policies For effective development of emergency response policies there should be special considerations to issues that affect the federal government and federalism in general (Dye, 2010). This should be made with regard to views of the stakeholders since every federal government’s view must be represented in formulating the policies. The following are the considerations: Involve stakeholders: members who form part of the federal government must be made aware and their views sorted in the process of formulating policies. This is done so as to represent each one’s view in the policies to be made. Prediction system in place; there should be a well laid down prediction system which tries to preempt and foresee the occurrences of the emergencies and how each can be evaded. There should also be a very strong connection between the prediction system and the emergency response policies made. This will ensure anything that occurs do not take the government wit