ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Management of change refers to an approach that encourages employees, team members, and institutional managers to changeover from the current systems that seem ineffective to the best practices that would facilitate the achievement of the desired results in the future (Graetz, Rimmer, Smith & Lawrence 2011, p. 89). This entails the introduction of several changes to the management aspect in order to improve the performance of the organization in the highly competitive market. In the case provided, Clemenger BBDO Company went through a number of managerial changes owing to the appointment of Rob Morgan as the group’s chairperson. The organization was the market leader in providing advertising services in the country, but the change of management almost forced the company out of the market since the loyal and long-established clients opted to seek better services from elsewhere. Several customers and clients terminated their contracts with the organization, with some withdrawing their financial support worth millions of dollars. Since the organization was nearly collapsing, the rate of employee turnover was very high, which affected the performance of the company further. The remaining staff could not realize the desired goals, as the morale was low while some feared for their jobs. Various stakeholders were affected since the underperformance of the organization had serious repercussions to the advertising industry in the country. The chairperson came to the realization that the organization needed an energetic, talented, motivated, creative, and highly respected leader who would restore the financial glory of the company. Based on this, Peter Biggs was brought in to bring about reforms and ensure that the organization regains its lost glory as the market leader in the advertising industry. A close analysis of the case shows that the leadership of the organization determines its success in the ever-competitive market. Change management is always considered a structured approach in any organization, which ensures that new ways of doing things are smooth and successful in terms of implementation and goal achievement. The main challenge facing organizations in the modern market is change management. Organizations are forced to restructure their operations in the globalized world characterized by invariable novelty of expertise. This article looks at the several aspects of change as far as realizing organizational goals and objectives is concerned. The case of Clemenger BBDO reveals some of the challenges that organizations face in trying
Self-defense spots are focused on defending personal well-being as well as someone else’s. They presuppose the usage of physical force to counter the threat. Self-defense can be maintained with a weapon or without it. The second type is more spread and taught in many martial arts schools. The techniques of self-defense resemble streetfighting, as they are targeted at the immediate reaction and quickly moves (Jahn, 2012). All actions managed by a person are aimed at making the way to escape clear. Regarding self-defense, the most important thing is to neutralize the villain to stay safe and sound but not to win. Here is the difference between fighting and self-defense. The motivation does not presuppose usual pride or compulsion, etc. Moreover, the emotions typical of fighting, such as anger and frustration are absent. Needless to say that the self-defense is to be taught. Special training is commonly provided by professionals who are well aware of various fighting techniques. They may mix the moves from different metrical arts as well as create some themselves to choose the most appropriate and easy to manage actions. Self-defense techniques need to be rather simple for any person to utilize them. Even teens and elderly people are to be able to defend themselves if they got into a troubled situation. People are taught how to use the things they have in everyday life, such as a bag or an umbrella, and it is not considered wrong. Commonly people who are not well-prepared physically refer to this kind of sport, as they feel they are not able to defend themselves. So during the training, they are taught how to use the force of the person who attacks them against himself. Jahn (2002) underlines that it is very important to prepare for self-defense mentally. A proper mindset allows a person to find the right motivation, be calm and obje
The Big Short depicts entrepreneurs as evil, shown throughout the banking sector. It is an important book explaining the fundamental causes of the Great Recession in style so readable that virtually anyone could wrap their head around it. Michael Lewis explains what he believes to be the underlying cause of the financial recession in the book’s final pages. He describes that the problem is caused not by greed alone but by the “framework of subsidies that funneled the selfishness.” Lewis (2015) explains that the problem caused is more complex and subtle reasoning appealed to an individual, making it possible to presume that because avarice is an inherent human sentimentality, individuals should strive to handle it instead of negating it from the societal structure. The most productive way to accomplish this is to ensure that all stakeholders’ interests are aligned. Nevertheless, this is one notion that Wall Street has continually failed to comprehend over the decades; this resulted in a repeat of the “heads I win, tails you lose” scenario in the run-up to the recession. Financial companies were allowed to leverage up and take on risks with the explicit understanding. This was done with the realization that the US legislature would be bailed out to avoid more such disasters if things went badly. “If you want to understand how individuals behave, look at their incentive schemes,” Charlie Munga once said (Lewis 2015). The book reinforced individuals’ belief in the power of incentive schemes, but it also made most readers realize how important enhanced economic legislation is in handling such incentive schemes. When one of Eisman’s top traders, Danny Moses, was approached with a relatively close trade.” Danny comprehended Wall Street’s “dog eats dog” culture better than most (Lewis 2015). His preliminary disillusionment of others worked to his benefit, allowing him to focus on a person’s true motives and recognize the genuine chance of creating the trade. Even though his communication style may be startling or unfamiliar at first, it is beneficial in the long run. By ‘laying it all on the table,’ both parties gain trust since they feel secure. When Eisman was “intrigued about a particular topic, his inquisitiveness becomes much more essential than being argumentative,” according to Vinny; he was in “learning mode.” Eisman’s straightforward approach leaves no open the possibility that “what you see is what you will get, period.” At the same time, some viewers may have construed Eisman’s evil demeanor as a sign of pomposity. His loss of social skills and rational thinking allowed him to perceive things objectively, which many other energy Wall Street titans seriously lacked. Lastly, Steve Eisman may have perturbed a few wings in his pursuit of the truth, but he is always willing to be completely mistaken. He is seen to be entirely driven b
“The Passing of Traditional Societies” is based on empirical material obtained from fieldwork and interviews conducted over a decade in Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, and Iran. Lerner proceeded from the fact that in the process of modernization, all societies move in the same direction, which was set by the Western countries that had completed modernization earlier. However, this “Western model,” according to Lerner, is, in fact, global. It acquired its name only due to a historical confluence of circumstances. Countries of the North Atlantic were the first to carry out the processes of secularization, urbanization, and industrialization. Analyzing the modernization of lifestyles based on empirical material, Lerner pays the most attention to the growth of population mobility, the spread of literacy, and the mass media. For example, Lerner dwelled on the problem of restrictions for modernization. Among the most critical factors hindering development, he attributed ethnocentrism. Lerner states, “From the West came the stimuli which undermined traditional society in the Middle East; for the reconstruction of a modern society that will operate efficiently” (Lerner 47). The author contrasts societies, at the same time declaring that the focus on cultural identity impedes progress. I believe that this concept of modernization designed to solve the problems of transition from “backwardness” to “modernity” was a specific product of the era after the Second World War. Built on numerous simplifications, the modernization theory interprets the historical process as one-line and non-alternative (Dunmire 23). The paradigm proposed by Lerner does not explain the development principles of many countries, such as China, Russia, or Cuba, and therefore loses its relevance in modern days. Works Cited Dunmire, Patricia L. “‘America’s Most Precious Resource: The Future in American National Identity and Foreign Policy.” Futures , vol. 112, 2019. Crossref , Web. Lerner, Daniel. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East . 2nd ed., Free Press, 2022.
Introduction William Blake is one of the most renowned English men of letters. “The Tyger” is one of his most famous poems, which is highly analyzed. This popularity can be explained by a number of factors. The poem was created in 1794 and rather a few people actually saw a tiger. Therefore, for some people the poem was a kind of reminding of the fearful experience and for others the poem was a source of ‘bright’ and ‘evocative’ knowledge. The poet depicts one of the most majestic animals in the world and he manages to reveal the beauty and covert danger. The poem is rightfully regarded as one of the best literary works in the world literature due to the stunning imagery with its special grave mood created by the author and the use of bright literary devices and figures of speech which help the poet reveal his vision. The Major Theme of the Poem To begin with, the poem is quite short and it has a single theme. The entire poem is a depiction of a tiger. Of course, this is a literary work and the depiction involves the poet’s evaluation or rather contemplation. Blake does not simply provide physical characteristics of the animal. The poet keeps depicting the animal as a beautiful but dangerous beast whose “fearful symmetry” makes people tremble (Blake, 2008, p. 24). This precision and even certain density make the work really evocative. The poet manages to reveal his major message, i.e. fascination for the dangerous beauty of the animal and appreciation of the superior forces which created this amazing beast. Thus, the poet does not simply provide a picture, but he creates a small world where the “tyger” reigns. The Stunning Imagery of the Poem It is necessary to note that this world is bright and full of rich color. Remarkably, there are hardly particular images or objects. The poem provides some tinges of colors and some shapes of objects. The poet does not describe stars, but he focuses on “their spears” and “water’d heaven with their tears” (Blake, 2008, p. 24). Furthermore, Blake provides really stunning imagery as he contemplates on the creation of the beast. Again, the poet does not depict some consecutive actions or the creator. The poet concentrates on the tools. Blake enquires, “What the hammer? What the chain,/ In what furnace was thy brain? / What the anvil?” (Blake, 2008, p. 25). Thus, Blake uses some bright details which do not show the entire picture but help to recreate it. Notably, the poet makes the reader use his/her imagination. Thus, the reader is a co-creator of the world. It is also necessary to note that the imagery of the poem creates a really special mood. The mood is somewhat grave as the poet is
Four Ethical Lenses as the Framework to the Simulation Gaming Site Analyzing the simulation and the results obtained at the end of it, one must mention that the game can be viewed though each of the four ethical lenses. It is quite remarkable that the gaming site has a very clear structure that is closely related to the concept of the four ethical lenses. By introducing behavioral principles, it allows one to view one’s self through the lens of rights (Pozgar, 2013). By creating the premises for engaging in interpersonal relationships, it helps envision one’s self through a relationship lens. By providing results and creating the premises for further personal growth, the given gaming site allows one to view his or herself through the lens of results and reputation. My Professional Ethics Inventory Results and Their Correlation with the Standards The results acquired in the course of taking the test did not quite match the standard established by the people who developed the given test. Despite the fact that the test was originally designed to define the lens that the person taking the test prefers to see the world through, the obtained result pointed clearly at the middle, which means that none of the aforementioned lens seems dominant for me in my social interactions. While the given result can be interpreted as the ability to use a corresponding lens in an appropriate situation, it can also be the signal of inability to establish a social contact. Concerning the Accuracy of the Results: The Line between the Real and the Anticipated The credibility of these results, however, can be questioned. To start with, a human factor, which could have contributed to messing up the answers to the test, cannot be overlooked. In addition, a test is traditionally designed in accordance with a one-size-fits-all principle and, therefore, cannot take individual features of the examined person into account. That being said, some of the results of the test could be inaccurate. Results in Relation to the Issues Covered in the Course: Hitting a Bull’s Eye The results acquired after the test was taken can be related to the course material in many respects. To start with, the results can be interpreted from the standpoint of the theories of personality covered in the course. Another course issue that the results of the test can be related to is ethics, in that it allows for linking the personal vision of nursing responsibilities to the existing code of ethical conduct. Analysis of Results, Concepts and Responses As it has been stressed, the clash of personal ethical universe and the ethical con
Several theorists have presented powerful models that can be applied in nursing. Jean Watson is a scholar whose ideas continue to revolutionize the quality services available to many patients. Watson’s caring theory offers meaningful incentives and concepts that can be used to support practitioners’ philosophies. This paper gives a detailed critique of this theory by Watson. Overview Watson’s model is a powerful tool that guides nurses in preventing diseases and restoring health. It treats “caring” as something that can be practiced and applied interpersonally (McEwen & Wills, 2014). This model goes further to indicate that caring is usually “healthogenic” (Pajnkihar, McKenna, Stiglic, & Vrbnjak, 2017). The idea of compassionate can empower nurses to take the profession to the next level. Caring is a concept that should be perceived as a moral ideal. Human-to-human transpersonal relationships have to be established to promote human wholeness and dignity. The major assumptions outlined in this model include:   * Caring is practiced interpersonally   * Curative factors deliver positive health results   * Caregivers accept patients as they are   * A caring environment is essential   * A science of curing is complementary to that of caring Diagram Figure 1: Watson’s theory major concepts. Origin of the Theory After completing her graduate and undergraduate degrees in the field of psychiatric mental health, Jean Watson undertook numerous researches in order to understand the health challenges facing humanity. Her main focus was on educational psychology. She also managed to earn a PhD in the same field. She conducted different researches in an attempt to examine the relevance of human caring in nursing practice (Ozan & Okumus, 2017). These ideas and expectations led to the publication of the “Nursing: Human Science and Human Care” theory in 1988. Metaparadigms Watson managed to apply the four metaparadigms of nursing in her theory. The first metaparadigm is that of person and is defined as a valued individual who deserves care and understanding. Every individual is fully functional and comprised of different organs or parts (Norman, Rossillo, & Skelton, 2016). The second one is health. It is identified as a high level of social, physical, and mental functioning (see Figure 1). It is achieved by applying efforts that can result in the absence of illnesses. Environment is the third concept. It revolves around the creation of a positive culture whereby coping is promoted. The fourth metaparadigm is nursing. This is a complex approach used to provide care and prevent diseases. Usefulness Watson’s model has been utilized in different settings to deliver positive outcomes. Ozan, Okumus, and Lash (2015) indicate that
Introduction Management skills in an organization provide direction and facilitate achievement of goals. Challenges in the management can occur, and the management skills can be effective in preventing issues and providing solutions to problems. The following is a presentation of case studies and their possible solution. Theoretical overview, managerial skills and insights from the case study will also be discussed in the paper. Case studies Listening case study Listening is an important task in business and can have impacts on the organization. An analyst transfers accounts that were handled by a retired analyst. One of the clients whose account is transferred is Mrs. Crenshaw, a widow. The two discuss her investments. Mrs. Crenshaw demonstrates fear that she did not have enough to support her in her old age, since she is in her late sixties. She demonstrates her interests in investing limited principle. The analyst fails to note Mrs. Crenshaw fears and goes ahead to encourage Mrs. Crenshaw to invest higher principle which she quickly signs against. Mrs. Crenshaw was not interested in making changes and opted to be conservative. Later on, the analyst faces the boss, David Sanders who after meeting with Mrs. Crenshaw son agree to delay changes. The analyst realized that he did not listen to Mrs. Crenshaw and he ended up losing the account to a senior analyst. The analyst learnt his mistake of not listening and failure to detect the fears of Mrs. Crenshaw earlier. He may have been unable to note Mrs. Crenshaw concerns if he was unable to comprehend her perceived issue, had been given multiple tasks or had been overloaded with problems. The significant task in listening was her fear in high risk investment, and lack of enough funds to sustain her. She signed the papers too quickly, and the analyst did not note that she was dissatisfied. The analyst can overcome the listening issues by increasing attentiveness, requesting for clarification and obtaining feedback. Building teams case study In his new job, Ben is placed in a new team. In his previous job, Ben tackled most of the team’s assignments alone in the team. He has high hopes of working in a team in his new job. Besides the team members having a great balance of diversity in specialization and background, the teams kick off well with good relationships and the members are assigned their work. Communication plans and schedules are in order until the members are assigned individual work (Ckbooks.com, 2011). Before presenting the work, the team meets a day before to compile the work. Ben is disappointed since only one of the members has completed. The other team members had not completed their tasks. Ben’s expectation of the team members is turned down, and he wishes he had tackled the team’s work individually. Not all members of the team are determined to achieve results. The team seems to
It is amazing how the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams makes a modern reader rethink many views on social orders and parental pedagogic. The main characters of the play are Amanda Wingfield and her children Laura and Tom Wingfield. This is an amazing quintessence of psychological challenges that the protagonists face during their lives because of many inconsistencies drawn from upbringing by their mother, who in her turn has her own psychological internal problems, and social inadequacies. The essay will elaborate on the differences between Laura’s and Tom’s perceptions of this world in regard to their upbringing atmosphere. Being siblings Laura and Tom both have different characters and so they respond to life circumstances differently. While Tom can exist within the real world, Laura is a person who chooses to hide from life among her glass menagerie because she is so fragile: “…figures are her only friends…” (Williams, p. 48). In comparison to his sister, Tom is far from being psychologically weak, though he can be deservedly called unstable and even distraught, whereas Laura runs away from the slightest social challenge. Although Tom treats Laura dearly: “I am more faithful than I intended to be” (Williams p. 97), and they both have a strong feeling of escaping from the reality, there is a huge difference. Tom would be glad to escape the harsh reality of this word by means of going to the cinema or writing because he is a poet. However, Laura is a person who seeks complete isolation: she prefers polishing her glass, playing her records; and even when enrolled in a business college she drops out because cannot stand the communication and the pressure of the educational atmosphere. On a different note, it is important to mention that both Laura and Tom are wanderers. Laura is going to the “art museum and the birdhouses at the zoo” (Williams, scene 2) and Tom goes to see an adventurous movie that makes it possible to dream and indulge in someone’s travels and adventures rather than own. However, those wanders are different as the characters unveil. Laura’s desire for dreaming is caused by her hypersensitivity, whereas Tom faces the problem of lack of self-realization and eventually decides to follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sailor to seek for adventures: “Man is by instinct a lover, a hunter, a fighter…” (Williams, Scene 4.) One of the psychological challenges Tom faces is the Manic Depression. He is either too depressed or way restless. This is the reason that causes him to have substance abuse: this time it is smoking because when one smokes the fourth endorphins are sent from the brain that makes you upraise. So, once Tom gets stressed out he starts “getting a cigarette” (Williams p. 81), just as in the situation of hiding the fact that he had not paid the light bill, he simply “lights [a] cigarette” and wants it calm his nerves down (Williams, p. 79). Laura’s main psychological challenge is adjusting to