ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Causes of Disturbed and Disturbing Behaviour in Children Within our culture, it is a belief that is commonly held that parents are accountable for the development of the disturbing as well as disturbed behaviours in their progenies. In fact, psychological research has actually stimulated this belief whereby from the historical perspective, children have been perceived as innocent and passive recipients of the surrounding environments where they reside and develop. Much focus has almost been absolutely on the significance of the infant-mother association. In general, both the parenting styles model developed by Diana Baumrind and the attachment theory of John Bowlby laid much emphasis on the effects of caregivers on children but they failed to embrace the effects that children have on their caregivers (Ding and Caren, 51). More recently, both the children roles and other major associations have been studied with respect to how they shape family interactions. The 1975 transactional development model of Michael Chandler and Arnold Sameroff offers a theory that recognizes the active role that children play in modeling their surroundings. The theorists argue that the outcomes of kids’ development come because of the incessant dynamic interplay amid the environmental variables, the caregivers’ response and the children behaviours which might influence both the caregiver and the child. It is argued that children tend to form the bidirectional component of the mutual relations that influence their growth and development (Sameroff, 33). Thus, to explore the extent at which parents ought to be held accountable for the primary development of disturbed as well as disturbing behaviours in their kids, it necessitates reviewing applicable research literature and theories. From this review, it is
The song “Maple leaf rag,” performed by Joplin and Morton’s interpretation sounds completely different when listening for the first time. First of all, Joplin’s version seems gloomy in some places, creating a sense of tension (Joplin, 2007, 00:11-00:14). On the contrary, Morton’s version does not cause such a feeling; it is more joyful and bright. It is noteworthy that the similarity in rhythm is guessed only at the beginning of the interpretation. One can also immediately find that Morton starts the song from the middle of the first piece. Moreover, the repetitions in Joplin’s performance are more apparent than in the interpretation. One gets the impression that each time the pieces are modified and changed. Overall, Joplin’s composition sounds simpler, while Morton’s interpretation is more complex and varied. Joplin was the father of ragtime, which later became the forerunner of jazz. In the song, one can hear contrasting pieces which differ in theme and form, which is due to the dance and marching component of the music direction. Since ragtime was used as an acoustic accompaniment to silent films, the same sections are repeated twice. Joplin has audible sections of 20-30 seconds long with smooth conjunction. It can also be noted that he plays the song at a moderate speed; the rhythm in some places accelerates, but not significantly. Therefore, the whole song sounds even and smooth without any extremes. Morton interpreted the song in a jazz style, which can be seen in both rhythm and form. However, this version leans more towards ragtime than jazz itself, making it outdated for its time. Compared to Joplin, Morton plays faster and with significant differences in intensity, which is audible. In the interpretation, new shades are added to each piece, including tango and swing, which is noticeable in the final two pieces (Morton, 2000, 00:02:02-00:02:41). Thus, the two songs differ significantly from each other, although the basis of the ragtime is also clearly audible.
Abstract The main aim of this study analyze billboard as an element of the popular culture. Billboards have been in use in US for over hundred years now. They have undergone considerable transformation from simple structures erected to accommodate few posters to large digital screens. Use of billboards has grown much faster than other forms of mass media except cables and internet. This is attributed to its cost effectiveness and its ability to reach the targeted population within a short period of time. Billboards have been used to enhance and push popular cultures both in US and in the global arena. However, has given rise to both positive and negative effects in the society. Introduction Billboards have become part and parcel of our urban and rural landscape with its base in larger outdoor structures that exhibits adverts to the passerby’s (those in vehicles and pedestrians). While common type of billboards are those erected in big structures there are other forms of billboards including billboards on moving vehicles especially trucks and buses, billboards on benches, billboards on buses/ train shelters among others. There main aim is to sell or advertise a products and services offered by a particular company, organization or institution (Arena 3). Nowadays the most common types of billboards are the artist boards. This term refers to the any type of large poster posters created by artists and erected in a public place often for advertisement, political or decoration purpose. Large number of these artist billboards tackles social issues but some reflects interest in communication ideologies than the message itself (Arena 4). According to the US Outdoor Advertising Association, the earliest billboard leases took place in 1867 in US while the first advertisement poster associations were formed in 1972. However, the initial billboard structure was created in the year 1900 and had the capacity to accommodate about three to sixteen sheets of posters measuring 42 to 28 inches (Bolton 8). The quest for standardized and revolutionized billboards started from then and this gave way for large corporations to take over billboards as an advertising tool (Berman 3). Since then, popularity of billboards gradually started to grow since companies could utilized billboard advertisement to aim at particular grou
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among midwives have become a significant issue caused by demanding working conditions. It is a professional disease that leads to unfavorable consequences related to females’ well-being and financial sustainability. Examination of contributing factors, such as awkward posture, and understanding of the impact it has on health and the economy can help to develop practical solutions to prevent cases related to the development of MSD among midwives in the future. Various determinants present a compelling risk factor for the onset of MSD. One of the main physical risk factors linked to MSD is the awkward position during the mother-centered delivery as the midwife has to adjust to the position of the woman who gives birth (Doshani, 2018). As the midwife may need to spend hours in such a position, it causes a risk of an injury. Other possible risk factors may lead to MSD development. The study conducted by Bianchi, Belingheri, Nespoli, De Vito, and Riva (2019) presented factors that may cause awkward positions, such as “listening for heart tones, performing vaginal examinations, keeping the fetal head off the cord in cord prolapse, and assisting with epidurals” (par. 3). Such activities cause risk due to the frequency of their performance, which may result in injury. According to Green, Salman, Yentis, and McGregor (2017), the progressive accumulation of muscle fatigue is also known as the risk factor for the development of injury, which can lead to MSD. MSD develops in the majority of females who perform midwives’ activities. Okuyucu, Hignett, Gyi, and Doshani (2019) “found that of the 633 midwives, 92% suffered from Musculoskeletal disorders, most commonly in the low back (71%), neck (45%) and shoulder (45%).” (p. 2). Statistics give a better understanding of how widespread the disease is among midwives and its distribution over the body. The study informs that the majority of interviewees state that their symptoms are caused by work-related activities. Therefore, the problems have a severe impact on the females’ health, which should be a concern among health care providers. Midwives may find it complicated to return to work after an injury due to the inconveniences caused by the disease. The study emphasized the long-term consequences the disorder has not only on health but also on relationships, mental health, and career opportunities (Weckert, Stern, & Porritt, 2017). That is why the scholars conducted a study to examine return-to-work programs as an essential step in the disorder investigation. Such programs may reduce work disability duration and worker’s compensation costs due to the personalized approach (Weckert et al., 2017). Healthcare providers must investigate MSD as they lead to the loss in working time and money spent on injury investigation, which creates economic issues. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the working conditions that can be provided to midwives as it may result in economic and social issues. The issues that they face take roots from their job, so the healthcare providers must address the causes. The understanding of
Upanishads and Tao Te Ching texts represent conventional and ancient guiding concepts of Hindus and Chinese religions, respectively. Both texts are part of traditional cultural values as Upanishad is found in Veda while Tao Te Ching is related to theoretical and religious values. Tao and Brahman are different in how they are perceived in the two different texts. It is important to note that the two texts have similarities in how they influence people’s reasoning and differences in how they explain different concepts. The overriding theme of Upanishads is the need to accomplish liberation by recognizing inner self divinity and surrendering one’s own identity. This effort constitutes the ability to establish a connection with Brahman, who is the supreme being, and Atman involves connecting with the inner self. “If a man knows Atman here, he then attains the true goal of life” (Swami). The main aim of all efforts involving connecting with the inner self should translate to uniting with Brahman (“Alan Watts: About Hinduism, Upanishads, and Vedanta | Part 1,” 00:00:00 – 00:02:00). On the other hand, Tao Te Ching focuses on ways of living with the values of integrity and goodness here on earth. Tao is described as a reference to how one should live and act, while Brahman is a creator-like supreme being. Tao appears as a law or guiding God and supreme reality, while Brahman is the supreme creator and absolute reality. Tao Te Ching focuses on human beings in their natural world by providing advice and guidance concerning spirituality and self-authenticity (Laozi & Stephen 2). Some supreme gods in the Upanishad text are Skanda and Shiva. Both texts provide crucial information concerning the values and beliefs of how humans think. One of the concepts that influence my beliefs is dharma which stresses order and truth as the universal law. This concept encourages me to be relevant in society by fulfilling my roles with respect and courage. Everyone has a social obligation towards others which should allow us to be responsible in conducting our duties to benefit each other (Sayre 4). The concept of Karma is also part of my worldview as I believe that good deeds are paid with good deeds, and evil deeds are paid with evil deeds. As per Tao Te Ching,” the Master doesn’t take sides; she welcomes both saints and sinners” (Laozi & Stephen 2). Just as Tao w
Introduction The issue of gender has been as contentious as the issue of religion. It has sparked worldwide outcry especially from the feminist groups leading to various conventions geared towards solving this issue. The most notable convention was held in Beijing in the year 2000 whose main aim was to form principles that would ensure gender equality in the world. However, as much as human beings argue about which gender is superior, some form of creation cannot be changed. This has been especially so in schools whereby it is argued that boys tend to be brighter than girls, especially in the most technical subjects. Does gender have any contribution to the memory capabilities of human beings? Gender And Memory Several studies have been conducted worldwide to resolve this question. A research study carried out by Levy and colleagues (2005) analyzed the effect of sex differences in object memory and spatial memory. The researchers used 2-dimensional objects arrangement to test the object memory. In this category, females outdid their male counterparts in remembering the characteristics and location of objects. However, in the spatial memory, none of the genders outdid the other and this questioned the prevalent idea that men are more advanced in spatial memory as compared to women. Many studies of this sort had been carried out before with some exhibiting males as being superior to females. Most of these studies have been carried out using rodents to test spatial memory and navigational capabilities. To examine the spatial memory of these rodents’ researchers utilize the radial arm maze which is designed with arms radiating outwards and an inner circle. The researching room is also equipped with extra maze cues. But the research carried out by Levy and colleagues involved real human beings who were students at Yale University. To examine object memory the specimen was provided with an assortment of recognizable objects which they were expected to study interchangeably. The results were that women outdid their male counterparts. In addition to the radial arm maze test, the specimen was taken to a computer room whereby utilizing the joystick they were required to retrieve rewards from the various arms. In this test, the performance of men and women did not differ considerably. This research deduced that women were better placed in regard to tasks that required recalling of locations and object identities probably the reason women were better explorers of the environment. In another research carried out at the University of Wayne by Labouvie-Vief, Lumley Jain, and Heinze in 2003 identified the effect of gender and age difference in recalling our autobiographical moments of fear and anger. The results of this research found that more than age gender differences had a stake in cardiac reactivity. Progressive research has proved that there exist differences in emotional reactions depending on the age of the respondents. According to these researches, older people are slow in responding to emot
The range of responsibilities of human services workers is vast: consulting, defending the rights and dignity of people, overcoming disagreements, and changing psychological attitudes. Generally speaking, each role helps solve all types of human problems, from psychological to material. As for me, I developed a particular interest in the job of a school social worker, whose professional role seems to be the most relevant and significant. It is a specialist who works with children with mental challenges. This profession combines pedagogical activity with the provision of psychological assistance to children violating generally accepted norms of behavior. According to Sosa et al. (2017), this specialist’s main task is to identify and prevent psychological problems in children and possible negative consequences of a child’s psychological trauma. It is crucial to raise children correctly and help them overcome any psychological issues because the future depends on the younger generation. Thus, I think this role is absolutely suitable for me. As a result of studying human services professional practitioner roles, I
The following report is a part of a project that also includes presentation, and the purpose of this report is to support the presentation with some key financial information and a comprehensive company analysis of a foreign company that has recently entered the Saudi Arabian market and now operates in Saudi Arabia. As more companies from the United States enter the Middle Eastern markets, the impact of the divergent cultural climate has certain and financial effects on these companies. The following report will highlight the experience of the Dunkin Donuts Company, which set up a franchise operation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2009. This report will include the following sections: A detailed discussion of the parent company background, including its history and strategic objectives. The report will highlight the incentives that encouraged the Dunkin Donuts Company to choose the Saudi Arabian market to invest in. This report will also provide an overview of the Dunkin Donuts franchise model. As a franchised company in Saudi Arabia, this report will look at some of the main problems that have been faced by the company when they tried to enter the Saudi market, including cultural difficulties. This report will provide comprehensive financial information about the Dunkin Donuts Company in Saudi Arabia, including the following: How many branches it has in Saudi Arabia, how many employees work for the company, the revenueand net income for the company, and the products that it currently sells. The following report also discusses the current Dunkin Donuts Company strategy and core competence? It will also offer insight into the main competitors of Dunkin Donuts in Saudi Arabia. The report also discusses the main reasons why the Dunkin Donuts Company prefers to use
Introduction It is hard to deny that women of contemporary society undergo much more stress than any other century’s ladies. Moreover, today we observe crucial circumstances of women experiencing dreadful treatment at the workplace, home, and within social conditions overall. It is important to understand the outcomes of such attitudes towards young girls. (Ullman, 2003). Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is sometimes a direct reason for later HIV risk. This paper will focus on the article called Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV Risk among Crack-Using Commercial Sex Workers in San Salvador, El Salvador. Further on the paper will reveal its significance from a social worker’s perspective. This article has made a significant impact on the studies of the HIV/AIDS field and most likely this work will give enough information to social authorities to level up social workers’ knowledge and education level on the topic. Hopefully, the article can prevent cases of CSA to stop further devastating outcomes since the work summarizes the reasons, such as living in poverty, absence of education, etc. It means that the HIV risks can be prevented via sociological, political, and economical developments and improvements. Connection to Prior Research/Underlying Etiological Theories The problem discussed within the article is HIV/AIDS. The entire study was initiated by another research that has been made previously. To be more exact, the opinions of HIV/AIDS infected women were gathered through questioning and polls. (The article has its investigation based on interviews of forty women). So, ‘Since the beginning of 2002, 1.2 million women have died from AIDS’ , ‘… in 2002, two million (47.6 percent) adults newly infected with HIV and 19.2 million (50 percent) of adults living with HIV/AIDS’ – this is the crucial data gathered before starting the research on the connection of CSA with drug addiction as the future outcome (Gomez-Dickson, 2006, p. 547). It was mentioned that crack cocaine use was associated with HIV risks, which pushed researchers to look for reasons for drug abuse. Therefore, these were the etiological theories underlying the currently discussed article. Advancing the Understanding of Article After reading this article the understanding of drug use and HIV/AIDS connections became clearer. Now it is perfectly visible that once the poor living conditions make people go out in the streets and acquire sex jobs nothing good is going to happen; moreover, many women were taking drugs to undergo unwanted sexual relations to earn money. First of all, a person gets infected with HIV/AIDS through heterosexual intercourse (Shedlin, 2000). And to understand why a person goes out in the streets in search of drugs and sex work, the article offers interviews with women. Being hopeless they experie
The European Union (EU) is arguably a global economic power. Internal trade within the EU accounts for about 19% of the total global trade (Bekaert, Harvey, & Lundblad, 2005, p. 54). Additionally, the EU is the largest trading partner of China, Russia, and the United States, which makes the Union a leading player in the global economy. Currently, the single market of 15 countries has adopted a single currency, the euro, and has been successful in removing internal trade barriers. Among the spectacular successes of the EU is the full integration of money, and bond markets, of the member countries. This has expanded the capital markets, which has led to a reduction in the cost of capital within the Eurozone. However, contrary to expectations, the economic growth within EU is low relative to non-EU countries. The growth performance within EU is variable with some countries such as Greece and Italy experiencing recessions and high inflation. Additionally, large differences in inflation within the Eurozone coupled with similar nominal rates create a large variation in real interest rates. This has affected employment across the EU region. The European Central Bank has responded through financial market reforms. This aims at increasing competition, efficiency, and further political integration. The strategies also aim to increase accessibility of financial instruments to national governments and remove internal trade barriers. This will attract more capital from domestic and foreign investors. In addition, fiscal and monetary coordination by the ECB will help reduce distortions created by variable interest rates. The price and wage-setting strategy will reduce the current inflation in some EU-me