ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The idea behind part-time studies entails looking for effective ways of improving one’s performance by accomplishing advanced tasks accurately and at the required standards. One arm of literature on the effect of part-time work on employees’ performance suggests that a flexible work environment has a positive impact on an organisation’s productivity. Although such literature does not consider activities undertaken by part-time workers after job, the current research hypothesises that the quest for increased performance drives the need for pursuing part-time studies with the view that employees can increase their knowledge repositories, hence enhancing the demand for their input in their career lines. However, considering the human capital theoretical framework, another hypothesis emerges that engaging in part-time studies reduces the time that is necessary for the accumulation of human capital. Thus, engaging in part-time work with the objective of securing an opportunity for studies has negative effects on employees’ productivity. To test these hypotheses, data will be collected in the food and service industry. However, due to resource constraints, quantitative and qualitative data will only be collected from McDonald’s food chains, owing to its multinational nature. The research will use a sample size of 385 employees derived from 50 McDonald’s stores and franchises located in California. Introduction Part-time work entails an increasingly popular phenomenon across the world. For example, in Germany, Sweden, and the UK, in every four employees, one of them works on a part-time basis while nearly 50% of the total workforce constitutes part-timers in Netherlands (Künn-Nelen, de Grip, & Fouarge, 2013). One realm of literature finds part-time jobs as having positive effects on job satisfaction (Garnero, Kampelmann, & Rycx, 2014). Hence, workers’ productivity (one of the measures of a firm’s performance) increases. The other realm argues that part-time work leads to a reduction in workforce capital, which compromises an organisation’s performance. The changing environmental dynamics force corporations to integrate flexible work structures into their operations in an attempt to maintain competitiveness. Part-time work is viewed as one of the mechanisms for attaining such flexibility. Organisations adjust their schedules to meet their respective workforce’s preferences, for instance, balancing work and employees’ personal and family lives (Den Dulk, Groeneveld, Ollier-Malaterre, & Valcour, 2013). Inflexible work environments may increase employees’ decisions to leave an organisation voluntarily. For example, according to Cegarra-Leiva, Sanchez-Vidal, and Cegarra-Navaro (2012), Merrill’s survey conducted in 2005 revealed that 16% of all baby boomers sought part-time jobs. About 42 percent of those studied preferred jobs that allowed time for leisure. In other words, the emerging workforce prefers companie
Introduction Management of Information Systems (MIS) is sometimes regarded as Information Management and Systems is the research which plasters the appliance of people, techniques, and processes — cooperatively called information systems — for the aims of resolving commercial matters. Management Information Systems are different from regular Data systems in that they are applied to investigate other Data systems used in operational performances in the companies. Rationally, the definition is generally applied to refer to the collection of Data administrational processes connected to the mechanization or maintenance of human conclusion taking, e.g., Decision Maintenance Systems, Expert Schemes, and Executive Data Schemes. ‘MIS’ is a considered scheme of gathering, keeping, and distributing information in the form of information required carrying out the roles of administration. The terms of MIS and IS are often puzzled for some particular companies, and often appear to be individual. Information systems involve schemes that are not meant for decision-making. MIS is sometimes regarded in a restraining intelligence, as data expertise administration. It is necessary to mention that MIS has also some dissimilarities with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support. Relating to the Beak Bar, the following statement should be applied: Beak Bar is one of the companies that need system management principles to be elaborated. These principles, surely, would be individual, but the essence is single for all the MIS principles. The Management Information Systems (MIS), or Information Systems (IS), discipline is researched by the whole community of researchers concerned in the enhancement, application, and collision of data techniques in widely classified communal and managerial settings. Consumer approaches, acuities, taking, and application of IT have been long-placing matters and include a key subject of MIS explore since the early days in IT science. These matters go on engaging a major section of researches in the MIS writing, and they satisfactorily balance numerous theoretically directed research aims to concentrate primarily on the planning stage of technologies. Jointly, the design and application/contact importance of studies has grown essentially in the past and have superior our realization of human interaction w
The book entitled Teaching Middle- and High-School Students Using Literature begins with an informative Preface that points out the premise of this work, the intended audience, author’s position, and his/her credentials. Then, the ideas of how to use this book and why this book is worthy of attention are presented. The Table of Contents illustrates the main issues for discussion in this book, and an Introduction underlines the values of this work to the reader. The Outline under consideration will present the major issues from this book and provide chapter-by-chapter description of the ideas, covered in this book. There are 5 chapters, and 5 subcategories for each chapter, which properly describe the material: Importance of Teaching to Use Literature for Students of Middle- and High-School Students Goals for Teaching Literature and Learning Activities at Middle- and High-Schools Essence of teaching literature; lessons for life by means of literary sources; effectiveness of teaching literature at middle- and high-schools; proper introduction to the class; acquaintance with the class; brief examination of each student; creation of a journal; attention to students’ responses; proper criticisms of students’ work; fighting with own anxiety (Showalter, 2003); evaluation of own abilities and development of teaching literature; communication to students: being a friend, a tutor, a mentor. Understanding of Students Individuality at Middle- and High-Schools Game as a form of teacher’s introduction and first meeting with students; making notes about each student to comprehend his/her individuality; students’ desire to learn literature at middle- and high-schools; reading personal information about a student; students’ attitude to literature; teacher’s reading aloud and students reactions; independent reading by students at classes and their attitudes to a task; evaluation of students’ understanding of the material within a short period of time; activities to check students’ short-term memory and long-term memory. Selections from Literature, which May Help to Analyze Students’ Understanding of the Course Evaluation of literature that is appropriate for middle- and high-school students; analysis of English in the books; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Twain, 2006) as an easyread story for children of middle schools; The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare, 2007) as a story that teaches justice and care; Gulliver’s Travels (Swift, 2006) as a story about human nature and a person’s attitude to different situations. Choosing of One Language for Studying Literature at Middle- and High-Schools English as an international language; improvement of English by means of reading literature; communication with the help of English to encourage each student talks correctly; training at posing questions about the literary work in a proper way; development of English from Old to Modern in literature; attention to level of English acquisition of each student; memorizing the difficulties, students face while speaking English. Attention to the Students with Special Needs at Middle- and High-Schools Good impres
Reproduction of human beings is very important because it ensures that humans do not become extinct. This is because every day some people die and thus we have to multiply to fill in the gap that they have left. The whole process of multiplication involves two elements, that is, Jack the sperm and Alice the Egg. The two people must combine their efforts in order for another human being to be established. This paper reviews how the two persons coordinate their activities towards achieving their mission. Jack and Alice live into separate locations, Jack lives in a mountainous region called the male while Alice resides in a valley popularly known as female. These two buddies used to be close to each other hence they still visit one another. Walter and Krause and Rajesh (2009) argue that most of the times it is Jack who pays Alice a visit because her surroundings are quite dangerous hence she is always indoors. The journey to Alice’s home is a risky one and since Jack is aware he always asks a bunch of his friends to keep him company because if he goes alone chances are that he may not make it. Jack’s neighborhood is very complex because the people their live in a sack like structure called the testicles. Jack and his siblings are allergic to high temperatures hence the sack is suspended in the air. On the material day jack gathers his buddies and they all have one mission: to set their feet inside Alice’s house. They hear that it is so lovely and that’s why they are eager to see it. Before they depart jack informs them that Alice’s home is heavily guarded and the guards can only allow one visitor at a time and tells them that those who won’t make it will have to wait until the next visit. Every sperm is determined to enter Alice’s house because those who do are treated like heroes back at home. Jack and his buddies begin their journey with a lot of enthusiasm. I almost forgot the journey is referred by many as the ejaculation tour. The guys run like they are going to put out a fire. They board a plane called penis and each sperm finds his seat in the urethra. The attendants of this flight are very kind because each sperm is issued with a secretion juice that is obtained from the prostrate glands. According to Toshimori (2009) the juice is meant to make them strong and alert. This is the fastest plane in the world because in about ten minutes they have reached their destination. The
Introduction There are many convectional, traditional, and customary rules formulated to regulate the utilization of water-related resources of different nations. However, majority are dictated by people’s perceptions towards the issue of sovereignty of states. Applicability of such laws in Saudi Arabia, therefore, means that acts amounting to aquatic pollution would entail illegal acts if they entangle the erosion of territorial integrity of Saudi Arabia. This perception widely holds in the “case of shared freshwater resources where the focus of the equitable use principle is on the balancing of different use interests in the resource and not on the protection of ecological interests” (Brunnée & Toope, 1994, p.45). Nevertheless, in the recent past, numerous developing regimes of aquatic ecosystem international law stand out as departing and extending far beyond the obligations adhered to by traditional approaches. The modern focus of conservation and protection of aquatic ecosystems in Saudi Arabia predominantly rests on the need for creation of laws that foster the use of international watercourses in a manner that is not only equitable but also reasonable. According to Brunnée and Toope (1994), such an approach entails the “prevention of significant transboundary harm by including more ‘purely’ environmental obligations, such as provisions that require the adoption of a more ecosystem-oriented approach to such protection” (p.49). The ecosystem approach is the heart of the aquatic ecosystem international law formulations binding Saudi Arabia. Its roots are anchored in the United States scientific literature of 1930’s and 40’s and implies looking at the aquatic ecosystem as a single unit, as opposed to a set of interconnected components. As Ehrlich et al (1987) informs, “An ecosystem is the functional unit that includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements” (p.97). EGEL (The Experts Group on Environmental Law), on the other hand, claims that aquatic ecosystem embraces “a system of plants, animals and micro-organisms together with the non-living components of the environment” (Brunnée & Toope, 1994, p.51). For the purposes of discussions in this paper, aquatic ecosystem will be used to mean both fresh and salty water’s living organisms (biotic) and non living organisms (abiotic) that supports the life of the biotic component. Akin to the setting of the international laws on aquatic life protection and conservation to which Saudi Arabia subscribes is the need to regulate non-navigational human activities. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify aquatic ecosystems, which are most vulnerable to deterioration and destruction by human activities. This helps people to apply the international law provisions explicitly on specific cases in an endeavor to make it more effective in monitoring of undue human activities. Nevertheless, this presents a challenge particularly by considering Schwarte and Siegele (2008) insight that “at prese
Computer Programming Computer programming aims at creating operating designs, drawing, evaluating or establishing the cause of troubles on a particular computer program. This is done using a parameter called the source code. A computer programmer, therefore, develops very essential software programs which are needed in running computer programs of choice. Computer programming will be one of the best jobs in ten years’ time due to the current and projected future trends discussed below. Urbanization Trend Urbanization refers to the process of growth and development of towns which are usually referred to as urban centers. It may also be defined as the population upsurge which is occasioned by migration to urban centers where there is easy access to social amenities. Urbanization has a close correlation with the industrial development of a region. The writing of computer software is indeed very necessary for instance, in the planning for the industrial development of a country. The manner in which empirical factory processes occur purely requires the knowledge of computer programming. Future projections reveal that more urban centers will continue to spring up as rural-urban migration becomes intense. Besides, the development of urban infrastructure in the next decade will not be an easy task without the application of computing skills in programming Technological Trend Technology is the actual application of necessary organs and procedures which are necessary for the quick attainment of growth and development. The use of specific devices and coherent methodologies are common characteristics of the technology. In some cases, systems and structures are invaluable tools in advancing technology. For example, the current technological trend in the field of computing demands better and more enhanced software that can be used to track down technological malpractices related to computing like cybercrime. Furthermore, the latest challenges in terrorism call for a well enhanced technological base that can counteract the threat. In fact, technology cannot be separated from the knowledge in computing and the backbone of any computing capability is only possible through software development which is the main duty of computer programmers. These specialists are also capable of carrying out intrinsic repair and maintenance of computer software programs. Globalization Trend Globalization aims at integrating several regional parameters into a globalized system of networks which aims at creating a common platform of operation. Exchange of goods and services, transport and communication are some of the local elements which can be globalized. A more profound description of globalization is the harmonization of regional economies into a single global network. Global trade and other forms of online transactions are increasingly becoming popula
Erich Fromm was born in Frankfurt in 1900. At the beginning of his academic career, Fromm studied jurisprudence, but later he developed a close interest in sociology and psychology. Moreover, he gained expertise in psychoanalysis and even began clinical practice (Funk, 2013, p. 5). He was forced to leave Germany in 1934 because the Nazi Party seized control over the German government (Funk, 2013). Later, he worked at various American universities. For instance, one can mention Columbia University. Additionally, he participated in the foundation of some educational and research organizations. In particular, Fromm founded William Alanson White Institute. Furthermore, this scholar worked in other countries such as Switzerland where he died in 1980. In turn, it is critical to discuss the theoretical contributions made by this thinker. In his works, he focuses on various issues, especially the way in which a human being perceives freedom. In Fromm’s view, this concept can be interpreted in several ways. In particular, this notion can be described as the ability to reject conventions or restrictions (Fromm, 1994). However, at the same time, it can be viewed as the opportunity to fulfill one’s creative talents. The main problem is that people can voluntarily reject freedom. For instance, they can do it by submitting to the will of a totalitarian and violent regime (Fromm, 1994). Additionally, the desire to conform to existing standards can stifle a person’s freedom (Fromm, 1994, p. 183). In particular, individuals may be reluctant to question the assumptions or stereotypes that are often taken for granted. This behavior can be observed among employees who are often affected by groupthink. The author urges readers not to disregard these risks. In part, this warning is intended for the intellectuals living in advanced countries. Moreover, this thinker introduces such a concept as the orientation of a character. For example, one can mention the so-called receptive o
Stress is part of everyone in our day-to-day lives. It is normal for anyone to go through a stressing moment occasionally, but excessive stress is worse, as it interferes with our work productivity, and affects our physical and psychological health. For the working people, their main sources of stress are the challenges in their working places, and from their social lives and families (Lynda 102). Young people go through stress because of the workload at school and from their peers, as well as their family members. Luckily, there are several solutions on how one can manage and reduce the level of stress at the working place. If everyone can manage his or her stress successfully, the chances of passing its effects to other people are reduced, but if left to overcome one, its effects can be passed to everyone in the workplace. To begin with, taking responsibility for one’s duties can help one to improve his physical and psychological welfare. The people, who are irresponsible in their working places, undergo extra stressing moments as they feel like failures and liable to blame due to their acts. Through learning better ways of communication in the working place will improve the relationship of the person with his fellow employees and with the management. In case of anything, he or she is unable to handle or may require some assistance; such a person would be in a position to pass his worries to the others and find a solution (Chappell and Martino 96). Some people in the working place suffer just because they do not know how to communicate their struggles to the management or the relevant people. Moreover, taking care of oneself may help a great deal to reduce levels of stress. For instance, if there are some causes of stress at the working place, it is advisable for one to take some actions and manage his or her personal life (Furnham 113). One is supposed to start with the most sensitive aspects such as physical and psychological health. When one’s health is good, and other physical needs are available, one feels strong and more positive to face life. One feels better and fully equipped to handle all sorts of challenges without letting anything to overcome his or her strengths. One should not use large amounts of money to take care of his personal life, but small things can also lift ones well being like dressing smartly and comfortably. Lifting one’s mood should be a process of one step at a time. When one is facing some form of stress at the working place, he or she should get set in a moving mood through being engaged in aerobic exercises. Through those perspiring exercises, one increases body energy as well as making the mind and the body to relax. These exercises can be tried everyday or in several days per week depending on the level of stress. As one ge
The perpetual technological development has made organizations to device new approaches of operating in the current global and dynamic market in order to remain relevant. Best Buy Company is not an exemption. Resources, whether tangible or intangible, form the core competencies for organizations to acquire strategic competitiveness (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 72). The process of gaining competitive advantage requires a vivid internal analysis of a company’s strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats. With the global economy, firms like Wal-Mart and Best Buy have to understand their internal operations to guide them in analyzing and managing an internal organization from a multi-faceted approach. With the fall of Circuit City in 2009, Target and Wal-Mart remain the main competitors of Best Buy, as they deal in electronics. The company’s internal capabilities can enable it sustain its competitive edge; for instance, the numerous shopping outlets make it possible for Best Buy to remain in contact with large customer base. In analyzing resources, capabilities, and core competencies that firms can manipulate to gain competitive edge and strategic competitiveness over its perennial competitors, the treatise takes a case example of the Best Buy Company. Moreover, the discourse discusses how the management and the entire leadership attempt to bring out the best from the company’s internal opportunities. Best Buy is a dealer in appliances, computers, video games, cell phones, and electronic products. In addition, the company offers online e-commerce, as well as internet services. At the same time, the inclusion of IT services like online e-commerce and cloud computing make Best Buy to face stiff competition from Google, Amazon, and Digital River (Fitzsimmons par. 3). With stiff competition from the multibillion firms, Best Buy has to supply products that fully meet the needs of the customers as compared to those of the competitors. The concept of product branding is significant in enhancing customers’ satisfaction since effective organizations use customers’ feedbacks in producing future products. Best Buy enjoys a strong brand presence that the CEO Hubert Joly and the knowledgeable staff have built to create strategic competitiveness. Since no competitive advantage lasts forever, Best Buy constantly applies innovation in their operations in order to come up with new product designs and supply chains. The strengths of Best Buy include the affordability and commonality of electronic products, use of Geek Squad in enhancing competency in technological services to customers, and the creation of Best Buy Mobile that offers all-inclusive assortment of mobile phones and their accessories (Chang, Heelan, and King par. 4). Moreover, the company has well-known brands, and s