ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Charlotte Perkins, the author of The Yellow Wallpaper, spent most of her time advocating for women’s rights. She wanted equal representation in every aspect: socially, economically, and politically. Her utmost focus was on the inequality established after marriage. She argued that women’s obligation to remain in the house while their husbands went to work was unfair and, asserting that it barred women from utilizing their knowledge and intelligence. She proceeded to explain that the fact that women stayed at home the same way as servants could not make anyone happy. Unless she got her freedom, nothing in the house would run smoothly. The ideology of true womanhood made women suffer in silence; however, it was phased out for the new womanhood. Gilman tries to show how men dominate the marriage institution, but in the end, what is displayed is the ways women are weak and let men control them. The Prison Nature of Marriages In my opinion, the owner displays her inabilities throughout the text; it is not a matter of whatever she is going through. She further claims how the man influences her decisions and that whatever man says, she has to listen, notwithstanding its validity. This displays her inabilities as a woman giving the man more power and control. The narrator seems to have conflicts with her inner self; she thinks that women should be given an option to make decisions in the family and assumes her role as a true woman. The woman in this narration has allowed herself to be controlled and not by man alone. She has failed to recognize that she is the driver of her own life, and blame should not be put on man. Although the man tries to control her as it is traditionally, the woman has to take it as her responsibility to control herself. More about The Yellow Wallpaper What Is the Importance of Irony in The Yellow Wallpaper? 4.7 1145 What Is the Narrator’s Name in The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 214 Why Did John Faint in The Yellow Wallpaper? 4.5 4053 In The Yellow Wallpaper, Why Is the Main Character Spending Time at the Colonial Mansion? 5 273 What Is the Importance of the Nurse in The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 235 What Does the Narrator’s Description of the Wallpaper Reveal about the Context of the Story? 5 348 The major conflict in the narration comes about when the doctor, who is also the narrators’ husband, struggles with her over the nature of her illness, which she believed resulted from her struggle with dissimilarity in their marriage institution. As a result, she terribly desires to express herself and make her complains known to the husband (Gilman, 6). The narrator tries to express her views on what sh
Introduction The issue of gun control in the US is a complicated matter due to the extensive history of violence and debates regarding the efficiency of regulations that aim to minimize access to weapons. An important question, in this case, is the issue of mental health, which appears to be the main contributor to the mass shootings, which is typically not addressed by legislators. This paper aims to compare personal findings regarding gun control and compare those to scholarly research. Importance of the Topic The topic chosen for this research is relevant due to the increasing number of gun violence cases in recent years. One element that contributes to the controversy regarding the gun control issue is the Second Amendment. Due to the nature of this legislation, the citizens of the US choose to interpret it differently, with some arguing that it is their right to own a weapon. One can claim that clarification from the government, for instance, a specified law, would resolve the problem and outline the particular components of owning a weapon. However, Burrus (2013) cites a commentary from Joe Biden, who admitted that strict gun regulations would not help mitigate the number of crimes committed using assault weapons. This argument suggests that the gun control issue should be investigated more thoroughly to introduce an efficient policy that will combat violence. Scholarly Research Research conducted by scholars on the issue of gun violence and governmental regulations that help mitigate the problem can be used to develop practices for reducing the levels of crime. Cohn et al. (2013) conducted intriguing research investigating the actual level of crimes committed using weapons and public knowledge regarding this issue. The findings suggest that the levels of homicide, in fact, decreased since 1993 despite the general belief that the violence rates increase continuously. Cohn et al. (2013) provide a statistic suggesting that the peak of this issue was seen in 1993, while “the firearm homicide rate was 49% lower in 2010, and there were fewer deaths, even though the nation’s population grew” (para. 2). The paradox described in this research suggests that despite the enhanced attention from the general public towards the issue of gun control, most people are not
Introduction The divorce of parents is, perhaps, the most devastating thing that children are made to go through at a tender age. Children, who had been used to being attended by both their parents, and being close to both their parents suffer a lot of inconveniences and heartbreak after their parents become divorced. The inconveniences are mostly the fact that they no longer see the other parent as frequently as they used to, and they do not see their parents spending time together. In other cases, the children may be left to live life at a lower financial level than they did with both parents. This paper is an analysis of an article on the effects of divorce in children. Critical review of article This article made me aware of a number of facts I either did not know, or facts that I have been ignorant about. For example, the stated fact that after the end of the Second World War, there was an increase in the rates of divorce, which was followed by a decrease in the rates of divorce shortly after. It is also stated that divorce rates were high in the 60’s and 70’s, and that they declined in the 80’s (Chowdhry 1). This information has helped in changing one misconception about marriage I have held for long. This is the misconception that divorce rates are always increasing with time. I also did not know that some young children may end up, genuinely, blaming themselves for the divorce of their parents. This is, perhaps, a point that has helped to make me realize just how devastating a divorce can be to the children. There are a number of points on which I tend to differ with the writer. The writer mentions that after the divorce of their parents, adolescents become depressed and start abusing drugs (Chowdhry 1). It is true that adolescents become irresponsible after the divorce of their parents, and thus some adolescents may actually become drug addicts. However, different adolescents have different response mechanisms. Some may just become overly defensive without using drugs while others may start disobeying their parents in other ways. With this argument, it is apparent that not all divorce cases make adolescents to use drugs. One of the things that the writer has missed out in her article is the fact that a divorce does not necessarily lead to children living with their mother. This is an important point to note, especially because of the custody battles that occur after a divorce. The parents may engage in court cases whereby they battle over the custody of their children. If the children become aware of this custody battle, they will indubitably be affected. Cases where the father ends up being in custody of the children have not been adequately exploited. In such cases, fathers may remarry bringing more problems to the children. Also missing in the discussion is an explanation of the discussed historical dynamics of divorce rates. The writer mentions that divorce rates were high after WW2, in the 70’s and in th
Students with special needs connected with ADHD and other attention disorders may exhibit behavior that can disturb the learning process, both for the individual and classroom as a whole. Some symptoms may include lack of attention to detail or instruction, restlessness, and even insubordination. Based on Joseph’s observed behavior, areas of focus in the learning plan should be the completion of work, self-control, and following directions. The most competent approach would be to create an Individualized Education Program (IEP) with measurable goals and objects that are universally applicable and can help guide a student’s learning process. Learning Plan Staying on Task (Completion of Work)  1. The student will begin work on a given task within a 2-minute period and remain focused on it for at least 15 minutes. The teacher should not prompt the student more than 2 times for the majority of the tasks.  2. The student will focus on task (including remaining calm in the seat) during group instruction settings for a 15-minute period with 1 prompt from the teacher for 3 out of 5 trials. These objectives can be measured by benchmark goals such as student adherence in 40% of opportunities by the 2 nd quarter and 60% by the end of the year. The teacher will require a timer and a digital chart to record the student’s results. Since it has been effective, visual cues such as a color-coded folder and an item (such as a necklace) that the teacher can carry around to serve as a reminder are additional materials for these goals. Instructional materials should include cues to follow specific tasks. Self-Control  1. The student will show a level of self-regulation, including but not limited to personal space, indoor voice level, and appropriate classroom behavior for 60% of the instructional period.  2. The student demonstrates positive behavior such as hand-raising, patience, and sitting in a seat for at least 3 out 5 trials. Based on observed behavior, a reward-based system is effective. Materials include popsicle sticks or stickers that can be used to reward behavior. Simple prizes such small toys or school supplies can be offered to the student as rewards for good behavior. The teacher should monitor progress by recording incidents in a computerized chart. Following Dire
Introduction In the year 1968, a massacre took place in Mexico City whereby thousands of students died. On October 2, hundreds of students accompanied by professors and other supporters took to the streets of Mexico protesting for transparency in the corrupt government. Government troops opened fire on the protesters at the Tlatelolco Plaza hence the name Tlatelolco massacre. An account by some eyewitnesses revealed that at around 6.10pm government helicopters lit up the plaza by throwing flares on the protesters. As a result, the protesters became startled and the government troops opened fire. Most of the protesters were unable to flee the scene because of the intense military pressure. Once the shooting ceased the soldiers entered the Chihuahua building where some of the students sought refuge. The soldiers killed and arrested the unarmed students from where they were hiding. It is impossible to determine the exact number of protesters who participated in the demonstration that day. The government of Mexico went out of its way to cover up the particulars of the massacre. For the past 38 years, Mexico has not healed from the wounds inflicted by the massacre. Throughout this period, the dead and their names have not come out. In normal circumstances, the number of the dead would be determined through carrying out of autopsies. On the hand, their names would be determined through consulting other fact-finding materials such as death certificates, hospital records, and good journalism. However, Gustavo Diaz Ordaz who was the president at the time in Mexico made sure that the particulars of the event remained a mystery. He wanted to preserve the illusion that his government was a democratic institution that governed peacefully. 1 In his statement regarding the massacre he stated that the number of people who died were more than 30 but less than 40. Consequently, the mysteries from that fateful night still haunt the people of Mexico as some questions remain unanswered up to date. For instance, whose orders did police and the military personnel follow, who gave such orders, and the number of the people killed in the massacre. However, the situation in Mexico was to change with the election of president Vicente Fox. In the year 2000 after the election, the administration of the new elected president Vicente Fox promised to commit itself towards clarifying the events. The president began with appointing a Special Prosecutor for purposes of investigating the Tlateleco massacre. The prosecutor’s mandate was to reveal to the public the official cover up by opening secret intelligence documents. However, as the 38 th anniversary of the massacre approached there was still
Executive Summary Even though sex workers are seriously affected by AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases in most parts of the world, they are also the most likely group to respond positively to HIV prevention campaigns. HIV prevention campaigns targeting sex workers can reduce the percentage of HIV infections that result from commercial sex activities and decrease the overall HIV spread across Victoria, Australia. In this document, I suggest that a comprehensive outreach programme targeting sex workers would help achieve an overall intervention and prevention of spread of STIs. Sex workers across Victoria need to be empowered by providing them with health education especially sexually transmitted infections, as well as, contraceptives. It is also important to make them access health facilities, counseling and drug rehabilitation services. Statement of Issue The central question in this social issue is how the Victorian government should respond to sex workers as a site of disease spread. Background Sex workers generally refer to those who work in the sex industry and provide sexual services. According to the International Union of Sex Workers, the term encompasses all those who work in the industry whether by coercion, choice or circumstance 1 . It includes people who provide sexual services such as prostitutes, escorts, as well as, professional dominants; strippers, porn actors, erotic dancers and those who work in brothels; these, they generally refer to as people who work in adult entertainment. Depending on the region or country, activities of sex workers may be  1.       1. International Union of Sex Workers, Who are we? IUSW, 2009, Web. According to Frances prostitution (sex work) is the oldest profession and exists in every society, Australia included 2 . Frances believes that in the aboriginal society, sex work did not exist; however, it came with the European invasion which can be traced back to 1670s 3 . It became necessary to find female sexual partners for European soldiers and colonialists during the colonial period and the British colonial government had to craft a legislation which allowed them to provide veneral disease-free sex workers to soldiers. Prostitution spread in towns in the 20 th century as demand for sexual services increas
From the 1950s, America experienced numerous notable events both within and outside the nation. The emergence of the Civil Rights Movement, an example of the many New Left organizations, was among the outstanding domestic issues facing the country. Mass media also turned out an important element entering America’s life. Television was rapidly becoming a popular, crucial, and dominant media overtaking newspapers and radio. Cold War unfolded as a hotly debated topic within and outside the country, influencing media reports, film ideas, and radio news and commentary. Media personalities, filmmakers, activists, and leaders took advantage of the turbulent situation to advance their respective objectives. Notably, the different incidences influenced the role of women, primarily the black women in America. The mid-20 th century was characterized by stormy events which directly or indirectly impacted the U.S. women’s history then and in the succeeding years. Although black women such as Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth had made an impressive contribution to women’s history, Rosa Parks advanced the legacy in the 1950s. The mid-20 th century was the height of intense resentment among African Americans due to institutionalized racism (Gore et al., 2009). Segregation was becoming a depressing challenge, especially in the southern states such as Alabama. In 1950, Rosa Parks, a black woman, defied the rules by refusing to surrender her seat to a white person in a bus in Montgomery, Alabama (Shea & Sclarow, 2014). With that one act, Rosa Park singlehandedly invigorated the struggle for racial equality by initiating protests and demonstrations across Alabama. The tension triggered the Civil Rights Movement, a fight for justice, equality, and human rights for African Americans between the 1950s and 1960s. In support of what Rosa Parks had started, the Black Power Movement and slogan came into being in the 1960s. The phrase became popular among proponents of the Civil Rights Movement. It championed racial equality, economic empowerment, and political inclusion for the black people in America. Thus, Rosa Parks influenced black women’s history by influencing Civil Rights Movement. Other than Civil Rights Movement, Cold War was another crucial happening during the second half of the 20 th century. The conflict was an ideological tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union or Russia advanced communism across the world, which America highly discouraged
Introduction Flexible budget and easing up of the economy is believed to the simplest means to recover from a stagnated, growth-deprived economy. However, recent experience from Europe speaks otherwise. In the article, ‘Europe’s Goldilocks Dilemma,’ published in Foreign Policy, points out that many leaders from the European Union (EU) are presently demanding a more flexible interpretation of the austerity policy and introduce flexibility in their budget (Blyth, 2014). Nevertheless, the introduction of a flexible budget will not be easily possible because the recession in the EU is not simply because of its inflated debt problem, but due to its crippled banking system. This essay aims to summarize the article by Blyth (2014) that points out the need for the continuation of the austerity measure in the EU. Summary The article by Blyth (2014) presents a clear picture of the evolving debate among EU members regarding the future of their budgetary policy. The debate erupted when Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi forwarded the request to ease the austerity measures EU had adopted in 2012, underlined by the Treaty on Stability, Coordination, and Governance, to curb its banking crisis. Renzi demanded flexible budget deficit targets (Blyth, 2014). However, this request was rejected as the proposed flexible budget posed a threat to economic recovery in Europe (Blyth, 2014). This disparity indecision created a deadlock in the EU causing tension among countries like France, Italy, and Germany with other EU members. The main reason that led some of the countries to move for flexible budget demand was due to the rising debt-to-GDP ratio. The main aim of the austerity measures was to reduce public debt and increase investor confidence, both of which remained unachieved by the policy (Blyth, 2014). Debt levels in some countries like Greece, Portugal, and Ireland have dangerously inflated; thus, shrinking their economy (Blyth, 2014). The logic behind budget austerity was to induce people to expect tax-cut in future, which in turn would encourage them to spend more. However, this has not happened in Europe. Damp
A resort can be considered a place where guests visit for recreation, health and pleasure, while a full service hotel operation comprises full-service hotel operations with restaurant, room service and suites, fitness centers, and so on. The hotel would sometimes include a resort as part of the establishment. Resorts can be found in places such as beaches, mountains, lakes or areas that offer recreation and sports facilities, and mostly target leisure guests. On the other hand a full service hotel may be located anywhere so long as it is considered strategic and appropriate for business. The demands on management therefore differ considering size and requirements, even though both require a comprehensive management strategy to the full satisfaction of the clients. In management the size and of the establishment matters a lot reflecting significantly the structure, which depends on the size and function of the hotel. There is need to consider the size of rooms, the space for indoor gathering, the amenities required in the rooms, such as television sets, beverage maker, and other amenities that can be developed or demanded by the guests. There is also an important concept of cost for development or investment of the facility. The revenues and operating expenses is also an important consideration. In all these requirements, there is a high cost investment that would be needed for a full scale hotel as compared to a resort facility. A small entity like a resort has less complicated day-to-day operations. These can be handled effectively by only a few managers who can manage to handle the few departments available. On the contrary an executive board comprising several directors who head hotel departments, subordinate line managers and supervisors and headed by the general manager are a requirement of a full-service hotel management. A typically organizational chart of a small resort could require just a general manager who reports to the owner or regional director, and under which there could be sales manager, front office manager, food and beverage, and events manager. Therefore, it would be easier to manage and coordinate such a structure. In addition, other administrative functions are handled at a small scale by a centralized corporate office or by the general manager. These include accounting, human resources, payroll and many others. On the contrary, a full service hotel with several major divisions and departments has many functions which would require thorough management and coordination. Therefore a strong and broad structure is important. A typical example could comprise a general manager r