ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Currently, the United States is promoting a monetary policy that is conducive to the business market and encourages open entrepreneurial relationships. According to Miranda-Agrippino and Rey (2020), this incentive principle implies reducing domestic credit, increased opportunities for open trading, and moving away from international liquidity as a constraint. At the same time, despite the relatively loose monetary policy, the principles of fiscal regulation are more stringent. As Rickman and Wang (2020) state, increased tax requirements have a negative impact on the business of individual companies. One of the main reasons is the social hardship caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and, consequently, the government’s need to ensure a steady flow of funds to support the budget. Monetary and fiscal policies can affect the production and sale of goods and services in different categories. For the target product Ibuprofen, one of the most popular Equate drugs, sales are consistently high (“Equate Ibuprofen tablets,” 2021). However, by analyzing the aforementioned principles of financial and tax regulation, one can cite the potential impacts of these policies on Equate’s business. For instance, Brinca et al. (2020) mention the concepts of supply and demand shocks and note that prices are often dependent on demand fluctuations. With regard to Ibuprofen by Equate, the current monetary and fiscal policies do not put pressure on product manufacturing or hold back sales, largely due to the drug’s affordable price. At the same time, changes in these regulation principles can affect supply and demand. If tighter fiscal regulations are imposed, Equate will have to respond by raising the price. The supply figure will decline since the organization will have to spend more on purchasing raw materials and manufacturing. Nevertheless, one should take into account the prescription of the medication in question. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, this drug is being actively marketed because the drug has antipyretic and analgesic properties. Thus, the demand for it is unlikely to fall as consumers will need the medication. Since Ibuprofen by Equate is one of the most affordable products in its market, demand will remain, although potential changes in price and production costs are possible. To determine how successful the performance indicators of Walmart and its sub-brand Equate have been recently, individual variables need to be analyzed. As the parameters for the assessment, net sales and operating income will be analyzed over the past three years, and as a source, Walmart’s annual and latest report will be applied (“2020 annual report,” 2020). These data are valuable factors
Introduction The book “Strength to Love” highlights the major problems and challenges that have been affecting the American society for decades. The author of the book identifies the major obstacles that have made it impossible for very many citizens to realize their potentials. According to the book, the American religious experience has been marked by different ideas and challenges. Since many political and spiritual leaders have used the complexity of America’s religious experience to perpetuate slavery, social intolerance, and discrimination, Christians can transform this past by embracing Martin King’s philosophy of non-violence. This paper explores the book’s ideas about the American religious experience. “Strength to Love” and the American Religious Experience Religion has been a major cornerstone of every American society for three centuries. This fact explains why the country supports different religious virtues and values. However, the country has not used Christianity to deal with the issues affecting its society. According to Frank (28), “enmity, inequality, and discrimination have defined the lives of many individuals in the country”. Many Christians from various “religious and socio-cultural backgrounds have failed to achieve their potentials due to such problems” (King 17). Every American citizen should use Luther’s book to change his or her religious experiences. Martin Luther King uses most of his sermons and ideas to ridicule the American religious experience. The country’s “religious groups have failed to support the best ideas such as patient reasoning” (King 36). The moral actions and ethical values of many American citizens have not produced the best fruits. Religion should therefore “become a new source of inspiration in order to address the issues affecting different individuals in the country” (King 24). The author offers a unique vision of Christianity. According to the author, Americans should embrace the teachings of Christ. This “practice is necessary because Christ was a nonconformist who supported what is right” (King 57). The book also explains why different Christians have failed to achieve their religious goals. The author examines the weaknesses and malpractices that have defined the lives of many Christians. Many citizens have taken Christianity for granted. Some Christians have “also failed to support God’s ideas and commandments” (King 48). This situation explains why “believers should reexamine their practices and values in order to support their societies” (King 56). The history of the United States explains why Martin Luther King’s embraces his philosophy of non-violence. According to the book, human beings from all backgrounds should promote the concept of love in order to achieve their goals in life. Personal transformation should be a powerful concept that empowers individuals to achieve their goals. According to King (76), “personal transformation is a powerful practice that will promote social justice in every community”. According to the book, many Christians and believers used different Bibli
What Are the Factors in the “Carter Racing” Decision? In the “Carter Racing” case study, John and Fred Carter, who are in charge of a business involved in car racing, are trying to make an important decision as to whether or not they should participate in an upcoming Pocono race (Brittain & Sitkin, 1986). The decision is impactful due to the media exposure that their business would enjoy due to participation, as well as the monetary prize in case of their team wins. This article will discuss and analyze the “Carter Racing” and the decision-making process behind it. However, the decision-making process is complicated by a series of factors that represent risks for the team, their careers, and the business in general. In particular, one of the major factors that are making the Carters hesitate is the series of fails that their team has suffered during the season due to the problems with engines. The professionals involved in the maintenance and development of the vehicles have clashing opinions as to the causes of the failures – Edwards, the engine mechanic, is convinced that the construction of the engine alongside with the external conditions such as weather and temperature cause failures; at the same time, Burns, the chief mechanic, argues that engine failure is a factor that cannot be controlled, and luck is what the team should hope for (Brittain & Sitkin, 1986). Another couple of important factors are the sponsor’s support and a promising contract for the future season that depends heavily on the high performance of the Carters’ team. The decision-maker is under a lot of pressure because participating in the race will bring a lot of money to the team and help them develop and expand; at the same time, canceling will result in a significant loss of money. Moreover, a failure (of which there is a 29% chance, as stated by Burns) will throw the team back making them start paving their way to the top all over again. Should the Carters Race Today? Why? As it was pointed out by the engine mechanic, who is a highly qualified professional knowledgeable about engines, the head gaskets were the root causes of the engine failures experienced by the team (Brittain & Sitkin, 1986). The mech
Introduction Marqusee, Mike. Redemption Song: Muhammad Ali and the spirit of the sixties . Verso Books. 2 nd edition. 2005 The life of Muhammad Ali is regarded as one of the most fascinating and bright moments of world boxing history. Ali had become an idol for lots of young sportsmen as an example of insistence, commitment to a goal and courage to face various challenges. This is a bright example for numerous sportsmen who wish to be the best. Even though most Americans consider him a traitor, he is regarded as one of the greatest boxers in the world. “Redemption Song” by Mark Marqusee is a book that describes the cost of the choices that Muhammad Ali had to face in his life. The book itself is available in paperback as well as a hardcover, while the highest price level reaches $ 50. The book is not too popular, though it has already been born in 2 editions, and has been translated into Japanese, Indian, Korean and Norwegian languages. Biography Review Ali’s way per Aspera ad Astra was full of sorrows and challenges, however, his life is featured with the only motto “if you want to be – be the best” (Miller, 40). As a whole, his life can not be regarded as easy. This was a way to victory under the constant hail of punches in the ring and out of it. The only thing that bothered him is victory in life and a ring; hence, he did not admit any barriers. He did not wish to be like others, and he clearly realized that staying an Afro-American Christian will not let him become a champion, as Christian religion as well as discrimination of Afro-Americans in the USA will create essential barriers. Thus, Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. becomes Muhammad Ali in 1964, and goes on his way to the top of his boxing career. Actually, this can not be regarded as a career in its wide sense, as Ali was interested in boxing mainly, while he did not use his name as a way of propaganda. He did not wish to participate in various political actions, as his main aim was his professional growth as a boxer. “I don’t have to be what you want me to be”, – he once claimed in one of his speeches. One of the key considerations that are described in the book is the statement that he aimed to resist any political involvement in his life and career, as he felt disgusted to any type of leadership as it was realized in 1960s. He did not accept any ideology, however, most of his actions that were not linked with sport and boxing ring were interpreted from ideological, or even political points of view. Marqusee explains that this is closely linked with the intensity of political and social changes that were common for that epoch, and political system resisted against him, as he resisted against political interference in his life. He wished to live in a peaceful world, and it was his key motif of accepting Islam: “I believe in Allah and peace… I don’t have to be what you want me to be. I’m free to be what I want” (Marqusee, 7). In fact, he was the first champion who had ever proclaimed such an “independence” from the rest of the world. This declaration became the defining moment of the rest of his life: all by himself, independent, sincere and worth of respect. Anot
The author of the article is trying to define the moral responsibility of every individual in society with regard to giving relief and alleviating suffering. He uses the case of refugees in Bengal, India. The refugees are experiencing an emergency that has gone unnoticed by many individuals. The relief they have received is not enough to alleviate their suffering. The author’s argument is that it is necessary for the society to change its way of responding to the problems of needy people. The thesis of the article states that it is everyone’s moral responsibility to prevent suffering and offer assistance without sacrificing anything of equal moral importance. The author starts by stating that it is wrong for people to die from lack of basic human needs including food and shelter, as well as medical services. Singer talks of the importance of morality in society and uses the case of refugees in Bengal to present his ideas and arguments. He argues that people have a moral responsibility to prevent bad occurrences. Morality does not choose the type of person to help or their geographical location. In addition, distance should not be a hindrance. He argues that the geographical location of needy people should not be a reason to deny relief to the needy. The problem of distance has been overcome by globalization. Singer explores the issue of numbers and obligation, and their relationship to morality. According to him, it is immoral for anyone to refuse to help because other people are not doing it. It is an individual obligation to help and not a communal obligation. Singer argues that individuals should offer as much help as they can without causing suffering to themselves or their families. It is important for people to offer help as long as they do not expose themselves to suffering. He demonstrates the effect of communal perception on people’s willingness to help. Many people give relief because others do it. However, if others fail to do it, they also
Introduction Health Savings account is a savings plan, established during the Medicare overhaul in 2003. This plan affects all lower and middle class working citizens. Savings account, free of charge and high deductible policies of insurance, and low cost characterizes the latest health account. A small number of companies provided this service in the same year of operation of this reform. Consequences of more expenses Health care expenditure from consumers’ pockets makes them have an informed choice of looking for affordable health plans, which fits their needs. By doing this, they would counteract directly with the health care’s rising value and protect the savings account owners against catastrophic problems of health. In order to qualify as a member of the savings account, one must be below the age of 65 and have a high deductible income of $2000 for families and $1000 for single people (Feldman, 2004). It is a supplement for financing services of health care. It accumulates expenditures of health care funds, just like accumulation of retirement funds as individuals retire. It also entails the withdrawal of funds without penalty for expenses of health, purchasing the long-term insurance of care or health, or other expenditures stipulated in the code of tax. Today, it is necessary to have health care coverage. Productivity of employees and health can be affected by a lack of health insurance. Retaining of employees in health insurance, based on employment is in high demand and, therefore, many people do not have health insurance. Since there is an increase in premiums for employers, there is a possibility of initiating plans of health insurance that are save cost. Such health accounts are alternatives for most of the employers thus, increase in the number of health plans (Openshaw, 2004). Competition Individuals possess and manage an account of their own, without considering changes in place of work, therefore, have an incentive of finance the use of the resources of health care cost effective. The savings accounts of health empowers patients of cost-conscious in making decisions regarding health care and increases pressures of competition to reduce the costs of health care. There have been a reduce of costs of administration and paperwork linked with insurance of health, and some of the people who do not have the insurances of health are capable of obtaining some protection of finance. Nevertheless, the savings account has failed to achieve the aim of universal access. It is not helping people not employed or persons of incomes that are low and middle and cannot afford in contributing to this account (Marone, A., J., et. al., 2008). Consequently, it resulted in reduced insurance of health in some cases and expenses out of pocket for people needing services of health care. Selection of adverse risks problems took place when a person who was healthy chose to establish a health account and obtained health insurance of high-deductible. This decision caused premiums become unaffordable for people who desire traditional insurance of health. Conclusion In conclusion, the savings account of health does not limit the consum
Introduction Did you know that Drug Addiction is a Disease? Many people refer to it as behavioral problem but it impacts the brain hence a chronic brain disease. Drug addicts become obsessed with drugs such that they always want to take more. This is normally as a result of changes that occur to the brain. The victim becomes reliant on drugs, and thus he/she does not take them voluntarily. Drug addiction is a community disease since everybody is impacted including public health programs. This research paper therefore will aim at discussing the causes, signs and symptoms, effects and help for drug addiction to portray it as negative vice both to individuals and the society as a whole. Causes of Drug Addiction The main cause of drug addiction is, obviously, the use of drugs but there are specific predictors making some people engage in drug abuse. One of these causes is continued exposure to drugs. This may be from peers or even family. Thus it is more likely for a person who lives under exposure to drugs at his/her early years to become an addict in adult life, than a counterpart who spends his/her childhood without exposure. For the aforementioned case of influence by family members, a person may be introduced to drugs by his/her siblings, or he/she may even copy what his/her parents do regarding the use of drugs. There is also the issue of drugs being available to a person. This can potentially lead the person to use them, and eventually lead to addiction. Additionally, genetics may also play an important role in determining whether a person will become a drug addict. This is because genetics are associated with dispositions that may make a person prone to drug abuse. An addictive personality is normally characterized by a number of addictions, and relapse into the use of drugs after rehabilitation (Mork 1). Other causes include poor family environment where the parent-child bond is poor therefore without a figurehead to guide him/her, one can easily end up engaging in drug use. One may also have psychological problems making a person vulnerable to drug abuse. Finally an individual’s personality may determine level of resistance to drug abuse compared to others (Mork 1). Symptoms of addiction to drugs The symptoms of addiction to drugs are constant with different drugs. Firstly if one is neglecting his/her responsibilities at work or even school because of the drugs. Secondly is doing dangerous things or taking risks when on drugs for example driving. Addiction can be seen if one is often involved in legal trouble or breaking the law when high for example being arrested or even stealing to get more drugs. Fourthly if on drugs one causes problems
Introduction The emergence and development of the theology of liberation should be considered a milestone in the churches’ history. Its establishment and growth have been subject to skepticism and hostility. A majority of its supporters consider it as having emanated from Latin and Central America. The reaction it has evoked illustrates its impact on society, regardless of the efforts by critics who have continuously ridiculed its existence. Scannone (2016), for instance, remarks that the volatile response by people from different quarters is a sign that it addresses highly sensitive topics. The liberation theology is concerned with the meaning of Christianity and the true mission of the Church which includes the fight against oppression. Summary The book, A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation are noteworthy as the author combines his intellect as a theology professor with his knowledge of the world’s phenomena. According to Gutierrez (1971), there are various definitions of liberation including the freeing of man to allow him to take responsibility for his future. In addition, he acknowledges that it may refer to communion with God. As such, he tries to relate these meanings with Latina America, which was a place dominated by Christians, yet the people lived in oppression. While third-world countries perceive concern for society as the demand for justice, the Westerners are solely interested in development and progress. The book’s primary focus is on the relation between faith in the word and harsh realities. This is what Gutierrez (1971) defines as the theology of liberation that advocates for the end of exploitation. For instance, sin is a historical concept that entails the breaking of relationships among men as well as those involving God. Specifically, a person can encounter the Lord as long as they have good relations with others. Likewise, man is separated from Christ as long as they erect barriers. Therefore, acts of evil have several dimensions that manifest in exploitative social structures. The mission of the Church should involve creating a community of justice that embraces every person. Ideally, God is liberating, and Christians should be committed to building a new social order. If for any reason, the Lord’s house cannot accommodate the poor and the oppressed, then this questions the universality of biblical love. Also, this is a risk to the unity of the believers. Indeed, it is impossible to have neutrality, but this does not imply that class struggle should be ignored. Analysis For many years, the Church in Latin America has aligned itself with the elite in society. It neglected the grievances of the poor despite hav