ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Legacy and non-legacy carriers Legacy carriers are airlines that have a large route network. These are airlines that existed prior to the deregulation act (Mellat-Parast, 2015). Such carriers are obsolete in terms of service delivery and their operational procedures. Therefore, by the standards of the current trends, the legacy carriers’ industry model is outdated. This means that they still exist and they are still utilized but they are obsolete (Mellat-Parast, 2015). Non-legacy carriers on the other hand are newer airlines characterized by new technologies. Such carriers have the most modern electronic devices and their business models are up to date. Non-legacy carriers do not utilize the conventional airlines’ business models and they are mostly run on new and highly innovative business strategies. I have flown on non-legacy airlines but I have never been into a legacy airline. However, it is common knowledge of how the older generation of flight used to operate. The new generation airline services are more liberal and easy to use. This includes booking protocols and other aspects such as safety measures, fare pricing, onboard catering among other differences (Mellat-Parast, 2015). Legacy airlines are more reserved and they seem to hold on to outdated airline’s practices while the non-legacy seems to break the rules of operations by creating new easy to follow procedures. What differentiates a legacy carrier from a flag carrier? A legacy carrier is an old modeled form of the air travel business and it is majorly made of different airlines serving a large route network. Mostly, such airlines are privately owned. They serve a specific market and they are not recognized as national or state carriers. On the other hand, the flag carriers are partly owned by the government. Such airlines are state-owned and they represent the country in the airline business. They are the official state airlines and they mostly bear the name of the nation and the flag. Such airlines include British Airways, the American airlines among others. A business decision that set the Latin airlines apart The business decision that set the Latin airline apart from the rest of the airlines was the agreement to merge. The merger between American airlines with the US airways was announced in December 2003 and this caused a shift in the operations procedure of the Latin airline market (Flottau& Buyck, 2014). This merger allowed the Latin airways to run its operations through the American headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas. This was a major breakthrough for the airline. Effect on passengers’ load factor The merger was like a business expansion to the Latin airline. Therefore, the passengers’ load factor was not negatively affected. It was an advantage to the business since the number of customers increased significantly. Benefits of Alliance membership Alliance membership increases the number and scope of operation for an airline. It also increases the customer
Introduction Organized crime has been a problem in many countries in the world. Yakuza members in Japan also known as gokudo are a perfect example of organized crime. Police and the media refer to them as the boryokudan meaning a violent group while they call themselves ninky o dantai or basically chivalrous organization. Although there is uncertainty concerning their origin, there are two major divisions, Tekiya and Bakuto who are believed to have emerged during the mid-Endo period. Some people maintain that Yakuza are descendants of a group known as Kabuki-mono which existed in the 17 th century which was also know as hatamoto-yakko, characterized by weird hairstyles and clothing as well as carrying large swords in their belts. Currently, Yakuza members believe that they originated from mkachi-yokko also known as servants of the town whose main activity was to protect their community from hatamo-yakko . Whichever the case, there is much concerning the Yakuza that makes them to be a unique group of people [1] . This paper shall focus on the stereotypes and realities of the Japanese Yakuza. Background Information History of Organized Crime in Japan As highlighted earlier in this paper, Yakuza are divided in to different groups. The Tekiya or the peddlers were the lowest socially ranked group in Edo. The group became distinct immediately after starting to take over some administrative roles related to commerce like allocation and protection of stalls. Their role in commerce continued to advance since during Shinto festivals, they opened some stalls and some of the members were hired to become security officers. The peddlers used to pay rent for the stall and for the security offered. As years progressed, they were recognized by the Edo government and were given permission of carrying a sword which was a major step forward as it was only the Samurai and the noble men who were allowed to do so [2] . The Bakuto was yet another group of Yakuza which was mainly involved in gambling. Socially, they were lower than the Tekiya since gambling was an illegal activity. Nevertheless, the group established many gambling houses especially in abandoned shrines or temples where they carried out their illegal gambling businesses. The group maintained their own security and such places as well as the Bakuto community were regarded with contempt by the whole society. It is believed that the Bakuto group contributed greatly to the stereotype of the entire Yakuza community [3] . There is yet another group that contributes greatly to the Japanese Yakuza known as the Brakumin. The group is mainly considered as an out cast as it is comprised of the descendants of people who had occupations that were not acceptable in the society such as undertakers, leather workers or executioners. They used to live in seclusion mainly in ghettos and hamlets. The group
Differences in the compensation plans for Parkleigh and Kaufmanns Basically, the compensation plans for these two firms might significantly differ for various reasons. There are firms that give preferences to paying fixed salary to their employees because of the need to maintain and reimburse the level of their academic qualification and to retain them. Other firms like paying commission in order to urge the employees to make greater sales volumes (Brickley, Smith & Zimmerman, 2007). Thus, based on the goals and objectives as regards to these two facets, namely increasing sales and retaining employees, it is evident that Parkleigh pays straight hourly wage without commissions on sales mainly to reimburse the workers for the academic qualification, to retain them and to encourage them to make regular product purchase at the firm’s stores. In contrast, Kaufman aims at maintaining its workers by paying low hourly wage but offers 5% sales discount to encourage the employees to make greater sales volumes. From the case study, it is apparent that Parkleigh might be interested in employing many employees specializing in different areas. Therefore, this firm might not wish to pay sales commission since it requires various individuals who perform divergent tasks, but just a single employee who makes product sales to the clients. Parkleigh for instance, might require just one salesperson that spends extra time in handling customers and providing clients’ services. In contrast, given that Kaufmanns sales personnel have their wages tied to the sales but have the opportunity to increase their compensation through sales. They have relatively high incentive in the short-run for them to warrant that the clients are extremely happy while the sales are processed very quickly (Cavanaugh, Tocci & Wilkes, 2009). Besides, by offering the employees discounts on the products they purchase from the stores, Parkleigh Pharmacy encourages its employees to make regular products purchase from its stores. The sales concession presented to the workers by Parkleigh might be intended to make them to be acquainted with the merchandises and to continue supporting them. In fact, Parkleigh intention must be to ensure that its sales personnel are well-informed about the products they tender to the clients as they handle or deal with such people. Conversely, given that Kaufmanns products are more run off the mill, they might necessitate sales people who have similar knowledge. Discount might not help in the case of Kaufmanns. However, by offering discount to the employees, Parkleigh stands a chance of drawing employees who value the kinds of products being sold at Parkleigh. This is valuable in case Parkleigh Pharmac
Pain is a common and crippling problem among the cancer patients (Hager & Brockopp, 2007, p. 3). A study conducted in the US showed that 25 percent of the newly diagnosed patients experienced pain, and this figure increased to over 90 percent of patients with advanced cancer. The study also established that many patients kept on experiencing pain even after effective treatment of cancer (American Pain Society, 2008, P.4). Pain in cancer patients has multi-dimensions; these are biological dimension, social dimension and psychological dimension. Social and psychological dimensions are normally witnessed at the advanced stage of cancer (Turk & Okifuji, 2002, p. 690). Surgical and therapeutic approaches are considered to be the foundation of cancer treatment. Even though these approaches have proved to be useful, they also have their limitation. First of all, a number of patients experience irrepressible side effects limiting their ability to take medication. These approaches are also expensive and not as effective as one can think (Hager & Brockopp, 2007, p.6). Psychological interventions represent a value addition to the above approaches. Medical studies have found a strong correlation between cancer pain and psychological factors. Greater psychological well-being enhances self confidence and self efficacy in controlling pain among cancer patients. Psychological interventions are also effective in treating pain related to other diseases like arthritis (Turk & Okifuji, 2002, p. 692; Deandrea, 2008, p.1985). Depression with suicidal ideation is a life threatening condition. Even if the patient did not have suicidal thoughts, but tries to tolerate pain being depressed, then, the process is less effective because person has less energy to invest in physical fitness or other therapeutically significant aspects, and is likely not to comply with medication (Disorbio, Bruns & Barolat, 2006, 3). Hillman Cancer Center is one of the leading facilities of cancer treatment and research located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This center is considered to be a home to the world finest surgical, medical and radiation oncology specialists. The centre also boosts of advanced imaging technologies to identify and screen cancer. In addition, Hillman Cancer Center provides a wide range of service beyond clinical care, and it includes guidance and counseling, nutrition and genetic resources. These services are meant to help patients and their families to cope with cancer better (Hillman Cancer Centre, 2010, p. 2). Psychological interventions for cancer patients in Hillman Cancer centre is carried out by clinical psychologists. Most of the clinical psychologists working in this centre holds doctoral degree in psychology and have huge experience as independent practitioners. Howe
While focusing on Part IV “The Doctrine of the Word of God” and Part V “The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God” from John Frame’s Systematic Theology, it is possible to note that these parts are helpful to understand how people perceive God’s Word and how they form their knowledge of God. This reflection paper provides the proper discussion of key points learnt from Chapters 23-32 of Frame’s book. Part IV of the book is titled as “The Doctrine of the Word of God”, and the ways to receive, perceive, and understand God’s words are discussed in Chapters 23-28. I have learnt from Chapter 23 “God and His Word” that the divine word is not only in the written or verbal form, but it is in the acts. Thus, the Word is the attribute of God, and this idea is closely associated with such important phenomena as creation and providence 1 . Those people who have learnt the Word of God are not the same anymore. Chapter 24 “God Speaks to Us in Events and Words” provides more details to understand the fact. Thus, I have learnt that there are many ways in which the Word comes to people, and they are human words or historic events, and natural events. These ways are the media for revelation 2 . It is stated in Chapter 25 “God’s Written Words” that the prophets who heard the divine voice represented their knowledge in the written word. From this point, it is also the direct Word from God. Referring to Chapter 26 “The Nature of Scripture”, I can state that God’s Word is truth in its nature because the principles of infallibility and inerrancy are followed in Scripture 3 . Now, I understand that I can discuss Scripture as the reflection of God’s direct words. Chapter 27 “From God’s Lips to Our Ears” and Chapter 28 “From the Text to Our Hearts” are very interesting and important for me because they present the information on the ways of receiving and understanding God’s Word. I received the opportunity to understand that God’s Word comes directly to prophets who write it, and these copies are extremely important for believers. Although many autographs are lost, God uses many media to come to the person’s heart 4 . I can guess that the reason is in the fact that Scripture includes the message that comes directly to the believer’s heart and mind. I have learnt from Part V “The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God” how God and person can know each other. In Chapter 29 “God and Our Knowledge”, it is stated that God knows everyone in spite of the personality’s aspects. Thus, there are many perspectives from which God can see the person. That is why, there are no ideas or acts which can be unnoticed. Our knowledge of God is more limited, but we need to know
The fact that leadership is an inherent component of better control and regulation of law and order in the public sector is undeniable. Public officers, therefore, should follow all the established norms and take corresponding responsibility for safety of citizens. More importantly, law enforcement offers should acquire leadership skills to cope with community-based problems in the 21 st century. While considering leadership and behavioral patterns established by law enforcement establishment, ethics and moral values are among the most frequently emerged concerns. On the one hand, law enforcement officers relying on morale and ethic fail to obey the main principles of law and order. On the other hand, unethical behavior may generate negative consequences, including racial discrimination, bribery, unequal enforcement, and corruption. With regard to the above-presented considerations, that ethical behavior and leader constitutes a serious challenge to law enforcement officers unless specific ethical standards of conduct, ethical principles, and correlation between law and morale limits are imposed on them. Ethical concerns emerged in the sphere of public managers are explained by a failure to establish new unconventional approaches to leadership training. In this respect, Burrell (2007) re-conceptualizes the definition of ethical leadership and argues that it should be primarily based on effective decision-making and problem-solution. Specifically, integration of a set of ethical concerns related to legal practices (race equality and gender concerns) is indispensible to create a consistent framework for legal enforcement. Reluctance of law enforcement officer to follow the main principles of ethics and moral can bring in corruption to justice. Specifically, ethical perspectives of law enforcement are largely connected with the crisis of identity (Brown, 2011). Public officers are often challenged by their obligation to protect the community and serve the community in accordance with the provisions of the U.S. Constitution. These challenges have been significantly intensified by the terrorist attacks happened in September 9, 2001. As a result, many policy officers face a conflicting situation while deciding what interests meet their loyalty. What is most threatening is police organizational culture often “…often sabotages its officers and presents the most significant obstacle to change” (Brown, 2011, p. 675). Though militaristic principles contribute to safety and welfare among the community, it hardly meets the generally accepted standards of ethical leadership and behavior. While highlighting the major frictions between ethical leadership and legal enforcement, spec
Being a foreign student is hard. Not only the language but also the people are completely different. For a Chinese student in the U.S., going to a U.S. school means dealing with a clash of cultures every day. However, there is also much to learn from the American people. Whenever I talk to my American friends, I make a discovery, whether it concerns the language or the culture. At the current stage, however, the language barrier is the greatest obstacle. Though I do my best to talk more, new words keep coming, and I cannot figure out how to learn them all. However, I try to engage in as many social activities as possible. Although learning a second language is hard for a Chinese student, especially since there are the British and the American English, I can feel my skills improving because of the constant communication and discussion of the latest theatrical events and plays. As I have already mentioned, my primary USA English speaking community was the theatrical discussion group. The group was called “Acting, Voice and Movement Workshop.” The group consisted of twelve students. However, not all of them were present all the time. Therefore, on average, there were eight to ten people in the group. After all, Swales says that “A discourse group has a threshold level of members” (Swales 135). These are the interactions that matter the most: “competing discourses of (so-called) decontextualized and contextualized language use in the literacy socialization” (Duff 183). The first occasion was the discussion of the difference between acting and real life. It was one of the first lessons. The basic goal of the given community was to draw the line between acting and reality. It was thrilling to find out that acting and reality are often intertwined. Moreover, there is no ac
Executive summary Ocean Beauty Center is a salon, which will operate in the UAE’s beauty industry. The salon will provide beauty services to female customers aged between 25-35 years. In order to satisfy the customers, the firm will incorporate the concept of product diversification. Subsequently, Ocean Beauty Center will integrate a wide range of beauty and personal care services such as manicure, pedicure, hair services, facial services, and massage. Subsequently, the salon will operate as a fully-fledged beauty center. Upon its inception, the firm intends to achieve a number of financial and societal objectives. The financial objectives are focused on ensuring that the firm achieves a high level of profit maximization while the societal objectives will ensure that it operates ethically. Furthermore, Ocean Beauty Center intends to create a substantial level of market awareness by integrating a comprehensive marketing communication strategy. Subsequently, the firm will utilize integrated marketing communication through sales promotion, advertising, public relations, and personal selling. In a bid to attract different customer groups, the firm will adopt differential pricing. Moreover, Ocean Beauty Center will ensure that its services are delivered effectively by locating its store strategically. Furthermore, the firm will integrate a high degree of professionalism and expertise in the service delivery process. Marketing objectives Ocean Beauty Center intends to position itself as a profit-making entity. In order to achieve this goal, the firm has formulated a number of objectives that will guide the marketing department in its effort to ensure that the new business penetrates the UAE’s beauty industry successfully. Some of these objectives are outlined below. Financial objectives  1. To increase its sales revenue with a margin of 40% within the first year of its operation  2. To increase its market presence in the UAE by 55% within one year  3. To develop a strong store loyalty by attracting and retaining a large number of customers by incorporating effective brand management strategies and some of the aspects that the firm will take into account in order to achieve this goal include brand identity, brand culture, and brand image  4. To achieve a customer retention rate of 65% within the first year. The firm intends to achieve this objective by developing a high level of customer loyalty.  5. To create a sufficient level of market awareness both in the local and the international market  6. To diversify its salon services continuously in order to meet the needs of diverse customer groups by incorporating the concept of new product development and continuous innovation. The firm’s ability to innovate will arise from its capacity to utilize the prevailing market intelligence.  7. The firm intends to achieve a net margin of 5% within the first year of its operation. Societal objectives The firm’s management appreciates the view that the ability to achieve its profit maximization will depend on the extent to which the firm operates a
Tips and Techniques The best performances are delivered by persons who are dedicated to their roles wholeheartedly. The fear of “something might go wrong” while in front of the public triggers anxiety for some people. For instance, conducting a physical examination demonstration on video can produce a tremendous feeling of irrational dread to an individual who is not used to being the center of attention. Yes, one could feel that each action or step during the physical examination is under scrutiny. This scenario can be likened to any other stimulus that produces a “fight-or-flight” response to the body. In reality, not all anxieties produce dysfunctional behavior in individuals; in fact, a mild level of anxiety generates a positive effect. It enhances perception, learning, and productive abilities (Kozier, et al., 2008). If anxiety occurred during a comprehensive physical examination, this generalized mood condition could be channeled into a constructive behavior or action. The Cognitive Dissonance Theory of Leon Festinger stated that people are not able to tolerate inconsistency or discrepancy between their own and other similar people’s attitude; hence, people will try their best to eliminate such uncomfortable feelings (Craig, 1998). Self-awareness is key in managing stress levels. It is necessary to explore the probable cause. If the reason is due to a perceived lack of “self-efficacy” in doing the physical assessment, it can be controlled, if not eliminated, through constant practice. It would be better to invite and ask a good friend to become a volunteer, instead of using a “dummy” constantly for practice. By doing so, the nursing student will not only have the advantage of having a real person to practice with but also have someone with whom he/she could verbalize his/her fears. Meanwhile, they say that good actors try to immerse themselves in their characters and forget the audience once they step on the stage. While physical exam demonstration has an entirely different purpose compared with plays or movies, the nursing student can still utilize this technique. By forgetting his demonstration is being recorded, the student can concentrate more on the process rather than lose his focus because of the fear of the comments and evaluation he might receive once the video is reviewed by his teachers. Lastly, it would be helpful to use relaxation techniques. For example, deep breathing exercises, guided imagery, or even biofeedback mechanism can decrease the body’s tension and prepare the student to adjus