ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The paper is devoted to the investigation of next-generation sequencing technologies and traditional sequencing methods, as well as a comparison of their utility in clinical practice. Peer-reviewed articles were reviewed and analysed to identify major areas of implementation of sequencing technologies. The findings on their use in the treatment of various forms of cancers and genetic and congenital disorders as well as in drug metabolism are synthesised in the paper. The research evidence suggests that next-generation sequencing is associated with greater benefits in comparison to standard methods such as Sanger sequencing. The major potential advantages linked to their use include cost efficiency and speed of genetic and genomic assays. The advanced capabilities of contemporary DNA characterisation tools allow them to contribute to the advancement of personalised medicine. Based on this assumption, recommendations are given to improve individualised healthcare. Introduction The rapid advancement of molecular biology technologies has provoked an increase in the demand for high-quality medical diagnostics in the modern world. At the beginning of the 21st century, it became possible to apply massively parallel sequencing, i.e. determination of the nucleotide composition of the DNA molecule. The new methodology allowed the deepening of the understanding of ​​the structure and functioning of the genome of living organisms (primarily humans, various types of viruses and bacteria) and provided a background for the application of sequencing techniques in clinical practice. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) became a prerequisite for the development of a new scientific and practical area – molecular medicine, in which the problems of diagnosis, prevention and treatment are solved at the molecular level using the analysis of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and products of their expression (proteins). At the same time, modern ideas about the structure of the genome as a whole and separate genes in particular, as well as their functional interactions that define various health conditions, provide a methodological basis for molecular medicine. NGS technologies have helped to advance traditional sequencing methods: Edman degradation and Sanger sequencing. Edman’s method was developed in the 1950s, and it involves the treatment of studied peptides with a specific set of reagents, resulting in the separation of one amino acid from the N-terminus. The cyclic repetition of the reaction and its analysis provides information about the chain of amino acids in the peptide. Sanger sequencing, also known as the chain-termination method, was developed in the 1970s and continues to be widely used today. It assists in identifying the nucleotide sequence of DNA through hybridisation of the synthetic oligonucleotide. The major disadvantages of both traditional sequencing
About Etisalat Corporation Emirates Telecommunication Corporation trades in the brand name Etisalat. It is based in the United Arab Emirates. It is a multinational company with operations in seventeen countries across Africa, Asia and Middle East (Etisalat Corporation, 2012a). “With a market value of approximately USD 20 billion and annual revenues of over USD 8.7 billion, Etisalat is today on the verge of being numbered amongst the top ten operators in the world” (Etisalat Corporation, 2012a). “Etisalat now has access to a population of more than two billion and its satellite network provides services over two thirds of the planet’s surface” (Etisalat Corporation, 2012b). In 2011, the company generated a net profit amounting to USD 8.7billion. This treatise aims to discuss data mining and how it can be beneficial to the company in retrieving information. Data mining Data mining entails removal of information from bulky databases. Data mining helps companies focus on relevant information on their data warehouses. A data warehouse is a collection of information that supports business analysis activities and decision making. Data mining tools are software tools that are used in a data warehouse environment. These tools aid in forecasting future behaviors. Examples of these data mining tools are query and reporting tools, artificial intelligence, multidimensional analysis tools, digital dashboards, and statistical tools. These tools are useful in day to day running of Etisalat since they simplify information that would otherwise take people a long time to process (Jiawei, Kamber, & Pei, 2011). Information obtainable from data mining Various types of data can be obtained using data mining. The data depends on the line of business of the entity. Examples of information obtainable from data mining are transaction data, text report and memos, relational data, World Wide Web repositories, and multimedia data. These types of data retrieved benefits the company in various ways. For instance, transaction data provides Etisalat Corporation with details of transactions carried out in the company. Transaction data provides information such as the time when transactions with customers and with other companies took place. Examples of transactions are sales, purchases, banking, and exchanges (Jiawei et al., 2011). World Wide Web provides the company with information on a broad variety of topics covered and infinite contribution of resources and publishers. The Web contains information of all kinds that can benefit the Corporation. Multimedia data comprises of images, audio, text media, and video. Retrieval of such information requires high technology. Multimedia information is beneficial to the Telecommunication Company. Relational data comprises of information of
The Causes of the Canadian Depression Robert Bothwell contends that Canada endured the second most genuine monetary decrease of every single western country. In the WW1, Canada had profited monetarily when the interest for nourishment prompted to an expansion in the measure of land developed and interest for crude materials. This prompted to an extension in Canadian businesses and expanded exchange with the United States. This ascent in their economy proceeded to the 1920s and depended on the fare of crude materials and sustenance to the USA and the British Empire. The accessibility of simple advances to begin cultivating after the First World War likewise implied that generation spread into peripheral prairie lands. Henceforth, by the mid-1920s, Canadian grain generation overwhelmed request. By 1928, regions, for example, Saskatchewan were creating record levels of grain, however because of overproduction, wheat costs tumbled from 1925 onwards, achieving an unsurpassed low in 1932. Because of this, most Canadian ranchers confronted destitution. The USA got 35-45% of Canada’s fares in 1920; an exceptional decrease in exchange and spending by the USA was a noteworthy cause. Comparison With the Causes of the Depression in the USA Similarities  1. In both nations, there was overproduction in the horticultural divisions and sudden drop popular hit agriculturists who were at that point confronting falling costs. Canadian wheat generation (like that of US oats) needed to adjust to changing eating designs in Europe and North America, and the advancement of railroads in Canada enhanced apparatus, for example, tractors and join gatherers, added to this overproduction.  2. Canadian states attempted to help the agriculturists by ensuring them with duties, as in the USA. In the Canadian west, wheat pools were set up with agriculturists framing tremendous cooperatives to store, transport, and offer grain. Mackenzie King’s legislature in the 1920s finished the railroad from Winnipeg to Port Churchill, which cut transport costs for wheat. To assuage the Maritime Provinces, the national government offered endowments. However, Canada’s monetary development, similar to the USA’s, tended to overproduction so was defenseless against falling interest. Differences  1. In Canada, the money related fall in 1929 was not exactly in the US. There were less financial specialists and the Canadian banks had not turn out to be so uncontrolled. The huge bank disappointments that brought about the US crash did not have a parallel in Canada.  2. Canada was additionally part of a bigger monetary system. The Ottawa Economic Conference in 1932 brought down duty hindrances with Britain
Introduction A college is an institution that provides specialized education. It can either be an independent institution or part of a larger institution. This paper seeks to argue on whether college education is appropriate as it is or if it should be made mandatory for every one. The paper will look into factors and benefits of higher education as well as the constraints that are associated with it and draw a conclusion at the end. Benefits of college education One of the benefits of having college education is that it increases an individual’s knowledge about his or her environment. Whether in psychological or physical terms, the increased knowledge will be applicable in the life of the learner in one way or another. Apart from the knowledge that an individual acquires in college, there is a significant association in the amount that employers are willing to pay their employees as wages and the level of education that those employees attained. This is based on the level of specialization of operations in every sector and industry with lucrative positions been set aside for individuals with proper knowledge and skills in those areas. Those with basic education are thus overlooked and offered low profile jobs with low pays. This leads to low earnings with subsequent poor living standards for these lowly paid individuals. College education is associated with increased level of skills. Such skills are directly or indirectly taught besides the normal curriculum and are essential in interpersonal relations and even control and resolution of conflicts among individuals. This leads to promotion of peaceful coexistence among people. College is also beneficial to individuals as it enable attendants to meet new people and thus expand their social ties. This promotes cohesion and understanding among individuals from different regions, a tool for peace between different people in terms of race or beliefs. Having individuals go through college education is thus a tool towards empowering them as well as a tool to developing integration in a society. Higher level of education is associated with reduced level of unemployment and higher income among individuals. This is a direct benefit of education to the learned category as well as increased revenue collection in terms of government tax. Higher levels of education standards are at the same time associated with reduced chances of involvement in drugs and higher participation of individuals in social issues. Dangers of college education Even though college education is identified to be beneficial to the individuals who attain such qualifications as well as to the society in general, there are some dangers that are associated with attending college. Issues such as peer influence into drug abuse as well as overconsumption of such drugs have been realized in colleges. Habits such as using of drugs have adverse effects on the consumers: poor academic achievements and health complications am
The Successor is a political thriller written by Roderic Ai Camp, published in 1993. The story revolves around the political situation in Mexico in the 90’s. Though the novel is fictional it seems like it Camp was much inspired by the political conditions of Mexico and this is reflected in the novel. Kent Cornett is the protagonist of the novel who is a U.S. college professor conducting a research on the on going Presidential elections in Mexico. The professor soon learns that the candidates who are to succeed the current president have their own dark secrets and propaganda. Roderic handles the subject of the novel with proficiency and provides an insight in to the political situation in Mexico in the 1990’s. He is able to do justice to the novel because of his deep understanding of Mexican history and culture. The protagonist of the novel is much like Camp and it is through him that the ideas of the author are conveyed to the reader. Since Camp has a keen interest in “Mexican politics, comparative elites, political recruitment, church-state relations, and civil military affairs” (Claremont McKenna), he is able to manipulate the political situation of Mexico in the 90’s according to his needs to fit the scenarios in his novel. When Cornett discovers the secrets, one of the would-be successors becomes his enemy turning his life upside down. After that he lives under constant threat from the successors and is only able to survive with the help of an American ambassador, who is also the brother of Gina, a beautiful divorce whom Cornett loves. The theme of tyranny and control is dominant in the novel. Political allegory can also be found in the novel as the political events that take place in the novel reflect one event or another that took place in the political situation of Mexico. The element of love and sacrifice can also be found in the story. The affection that Cornett shares with Gina is genuine and the kindness that Gina shows toward Cornett is humane. It is Gina who convinces her brother to help Camp and it is because of this help that Camp is able to survive the dangerous situation that he is in. The novel begins with a tyrannical situation in which a woman is being brutally tortured by a person who appears to be strong and is content controlling the weak. This shows that this character is power hungry and does not hesitate torturing the weak to get total control over things. The woman who is being tortured by this person appears to be helpless and weak. She is tied down and is already injured. This reflects the helpless population of Mexico that was ruled by tyrants for a long time. This also symbolizes the helplessness of the Mexican population during the long rule of PRI, the revolutionary party. No mercy is shown to this woman even when she begs and when she tries to escape she is repressed. This indicates the brutal repression of the Mexican government of the protesting students who wanted to reform the political situation. The first chapter ends with the
Nature is a “cradle” of everything created on earth. Nature can influence people due to its magnificence and fascination. It is no surprise that some people obtain passion and inspiration from the natural diversity around them. Others are more likely to get into despair owing to bad weather or some cataclysms happening. The Sorrows of Young Werther by Goethe is an applicable demonstration of how the main hero appealed to nature as a reflection of his joy and sorrows. This theme can be generally extracted out of the main ideas presumed in the novel. Moreover, Werther is an example of a man whose heart pounds if only he appeals to nature for more objectives to live. Hence, The Sorrows of Young Werther by Goethe is applicable in highlighting an unannounced topic of nature throughout the letters of the main character. Nature cannot but amuse a human being. Such a statement goes throughout the whole novel by Goethe. Werther wanted to shape his feelings and to provide more impressions on his friend by means of substituting his feelings through nature. “Did I not feel charmed at those truly genuine expressions of nature, which, though but little mirthful in reality, so often amused us” (Goethe 7)? This peculiarity of what Werther tried to express to his friend, Wilhelm, amazes at once. The question is that the main hero can tell the truth of his heart by means of the charms of nature. It seems that there is nothing more fascinating and beautiful for a man than to bring in personal assumptions on life prospects and human beings in terms of their controversial character. Love affairs and attitudes to nature are both full of emotional coloring. Werther was seriously struggling, for his love was not his own. The girl that belonged to another male heart could never be with the main character. However, he tries to seek tranquility closer to nature. Werther is inclined to compare his love with the most beautiful aspects of nature. It is logically correct, for the non-man-made reality cannot but touch a human heart. In his reasoning about the love that is distant from him, Werther notes: “This confirmed me in my resolution of adhering, for the future, entirely to nature” (Goethe 16). It is apparent that the ideas on nature fulfill the protagonist to the bottom of his heart. He cannot but become humiliated before the magnificence of nature as such. Werther cannot find out something more graceful and eloquent than thoughts on the features of nature. He never uses something against nature, but he seems miserable because he cannot be happy anymore. The more Werther wants to compare or contrast something with nature, the more pain he gains. It is so, for there is nothing so stable and beautiful than what was created to please a human being. Nature impresses people of art. This is the way people are inclined to create works of aesthetical value. It is, undoubtedly, true that a man cannot have an alternative to fulfill
Introduction One of the most effective strategy for writing a proposal which is intended for financiers of the growth of your business is to cultivate a culture of trust for them in you. This is can be done by ensuring that you meet your targets and notify them so that they can be satisfied with your progress. Many of the financiers are financial institutions and hence they may follow keenly on the business performance. Strategies It is important to note that most financiers are financial institutions. In this regard, financial institutions finances projects that they are sure that they are not going to fail them. If the unexpected happens, the institutions always have a back-up in that they will take your assets to cover their losses. It is in this respect that it is necessary to prepare a proposal that will be appealing to the institutions and which will guarantee them that their money will not go down the drain. Forwarding highly profitable proposal is one of the best strategy that will guarantee that the financiers will consider you. Another strategy is assuring the financiers that you are capable of handling their finances without any scandals arising. In the world today, many corporations as well as businesses are collapsing because of mismanagement in all fronts. Financiers need to hear that the company has been doing very for sometime and it is the same management that will be taking care of the new projects that the company is willing to undertake. It is of paramount importance to portray the company as an efficient one that has been handling its business effectively for a significant time. The products and services that the company is seeking financing should also be products and services that are highly in demand and that are relatively new in the market. This means that the products will maintain a good sales volume for some time before they are edged out of the market. This will prove to the financiers that the company will have returned the money and made a significant amount of profit from it. Financiers will never finance a product or a service that will not find consumers. They view this as a doomed project and they will fear that their investment in the project will be of a loss to them. These products and services should be market focused and hence ensuring that they maintain high sales volume for the business. The proposal should also stress the importance of the intended expansion and should also show prove that it is willing to compete with the other already established providers for such products and services. In the same respect, it should also indicate the marketing strategies that it intend to use for the promotion of the products and services it is willing to engage in. This m
‘SWOT Analysis’ on QANTAS SWOT is an acronym of “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats” (Bohm, 2009). Using SWOT analysis technique to assess a business environment is beneficial to any organization. This technique helps in understanding both the strengths and weaknesses of a business venture as well as recognizing opportunities and threats faced by the concerned business. Therefore SWOT analysis act as a support tool to assist an individual or an organization in the business evaluation. The fact that SWOT analysis can help in revealing opportunities makes it an influential tool for periodic evaluation of businesses. In addition, if the management of a given business enterprise can comprehend the faults and threats facing the business, it is possible to eliminate them promptly. SWOT analysis will help Qantas airlines to formulate a viable business strategy, which is helpful in outdoing other competitors within the same industry (Mckeown, 2012). Qantas Airways Limited is one of the most popular airline organizations worldwide. Concurrently, it is among the companies that started the ‘One World’ alliance. Qantas execute its operations in several countries. For instance, they operate in twenty nations with more than eighty destinations. Essentially, it is the only Australian airline associating with the international airline alliance (Hierling, 2007). Qantas has numerous local networks. In addition, they also have checkpoints in different continents such as Africa, North and South America. These check points can also be found in the south pacific, Europe, and Asia. In analyzing Qantas Airways using SWOT technique, its various aspects ranging from strengths to threats are discernible. The strengths of Qantas are based on a number of factors. Firstly, it is a well-established airline company with business operations spread all over the world (Bremner, 1994). They also operate both locally and internationally. This implies that the company is in a better position to get lots of profits from its operations. This will enhance its global expansion. Another strength of Qantas Airways as an airline organization is the strong government support it enjoys. The Australian government is supporting the organization massively in the realms of business structures. For instance, w