ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the long-term effects of music therapy on older residents’ agitation manifested with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia and other old age medical complications. Towards this end, this research paper will also take a comparative analysis of the evaluation of studies on music therapy on older residents. The purpose of this study is to compare research studies on music therapy as an intervention to medical complications experienced by older residents brought about by dementia and Alzheimer’s. In brief, this research paper seeks to conduct a comparative analysis, or systematic review of effects of music therapy in older adults to assess the quality of the evaluation of research studies in this area. The research problem Agitation leads to severe disturbances in the quality of life of people with Alzheimer’s disease and their carers (Lawlor, 1995). It is well known that the incidences of dementia and older people’s medical complications are steadily rising due to the partial increase in the average life expectancy observed over the past century (Miller, 2008). During the recent past, different research articles abide to the fact that there is need to adequately meet the physical, psychological and social needs of the older people. Research evidence, heath care givers, affected family members and a number of medical reports point to one fact that music and music therapy may have a unique effect on people with dementia, and more specifically on those with probable diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) (Wigram, Pedersen & Ole Bonde, 2002). While most research articles abide to one fact that music therapy remains an effective intervention technique in handling the symptoms of dementia, the qualitative nature of the reviewed and methodological approaches observed in the analysis of the studies failed to effectively provide a conclusion on the most effective form of music and therapy practices. There is therefore the need to focus more energy to aid more understating on the role of music therapy on older residents. Literature review “The recent qualitative review of literature in the area of music and music therapy and dementia published on this topic suggest that music and music therapy is an effective intervention for maintaining and improving active involvement, social, emotional, and cognitive skills” (Lehrer, Woolfolk & Sime, 2007). In addition to the above, music and music therapy are
Introduction Unemployment is a macroeconomic factor that affects the performance of any nation’s economy. It is an adequate measure of the performance of any financial system. Nations spend considerable proportions of their resources trying to address the problem. Some financial analysts use the level of unemployment when reporting on the health of the economy. Various studies have concluded that there is a correlation between the level of unemployment in the country and the strength of the economy (Jabeen and Katsioloudes 57). In the wake of the global economic crisis that occurred in 2007, many countries reported increased levels of unemployment. This observation was a source of concern for economists (Jabeen and Katsioloudes 57). The United Arab Emirates has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the world. Its resilience in the global economy means that it was not affected significantly by the crisis. Although the UAE has a generally low unemployment rate, the rate varies among the emirates. This essay compares the unemployment rate for two Emirates, namely Abu Dhabi and Dubai. However, it begins by looking at unemployment in the UAE in general. The study will target to answer some questions. What is the unemployment rate in the Dubai and Abu Dhabi? What contributes to the unemployment rates observed for the two emirates? How does the unemployment rate compare for the two emirates? The other questions that will be answered include the causes of unemployment in these Emirates, the observed trends, likely future trends, and measures in place to address this macroeconomic factor. The UAE Background The United Arab Emirates is a conglomerate of territories that are commonly referred to as emirates. The seven Emirates include Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Al Fajayrah, Dubai, Ras al Khaymah, Sharjah, and Umm al Qaywayn (Jabeen and Katsioloudes 57). These regions share common geopolitical characteristics. They have a long history of Arabic culture. The city of Abu Dhabi is the capital of the Emirates, with the British awarding independence to these territories in 1971 (Jabeen, and Katsioloudes 57; Mayerowitz par. 3). The UAE is located in the Arabian Peninsula in the region between Oman and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The population of the UAE was reported at between 4.1 million and 4.6 million individuals in the results of the 2005 census. This figure has been rising over the years. A significant proportion of the UAE’s population is young. Most of the citizens are also Arabic, with the chief religion being Islam. Education levels are also increasing, with the number of institutions that offer higher education being on the rise. The UAE has depended on oil for its national revenue since its discovery over 40 years ago. It is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Before the discovery of oi
Colored graphics usually contain vast amounts of different colors, which is especially true for art and photographs. Reproducing every color to put it on the page would be highly challenging, expensive, and time-intensive. Nevertheless, consumer-grade color printers exist and are often not prohibitively expensive. The reason is the invention of the CMYK process, which allows the approximation of the colors permitted by the RGB system typically used for digital colors with a smaller array that can be printed using a base of four colors. This report explores the method and its application by various color printers. The colors used in the process are cyan, magenta, yellow, and black, as opposed to the red, green, and blue trinity used in RGB. The reason for the difference is the fact that RGB can only be used with devices that emit light (“Color Systems – RGB & CMYK”). According to “Colour Theory and Printing,” the four specific colors are used because they can mix and absorb almost all light when applied consecutively. Small spots of colored ink are applied at various points so that their overlaps create the desired color (“How 4 Color Process Printing (CMYK) Works”). The system is considerably older than computers and digital software, and before appropriate software was invented, printing companies utilized specialized equipment to separate the colors. Color printers utilize a technology called CMYK, which approximates colors using cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. Specialized software translates the RGB color values found in digital prototypes into the appropriate CMYK pattern and allows the printer to produce the image using the so-called subtractive method. The system enables cost-effective printing that is available to consumers but is still preferred by large-scale companies. The colors are usually applied consecutively, as simultaneous coloring is a mechanically challenging task that is restricted to expensive models. Works Cited “Color Systems – RGB & CMYK.” Color Matters. Web. “ Colour Theory and Printing. ” Design & Technology . Web. “ How 4 Color Process Printing (CMYK) Works. ” Printing for Less . Web.
Retailers need to think like a brand and act like a retailer. —Richard J. George, PhD, Professor of Food Marketing, Haub School of Business, Saint Joseph’s University Private labels are taking on the national brands. Putting pride aside, specialty retailers, supermarkets, and chains are creating high margin, high-quality consumer goods and experiences that are enticing growing numbers of loyal and profitable customers. This gives retailers more control over what happens at the point of sale—they can design not only their planograms but also their presentation of products in a way that competes directly with national category leaders. Private label brands like Macy’s have good business in the market, but they face a dilemma when it comes to positioning their product. This essay aims to bring out the strategic issues Macy’s has been facing and a solution to the stated problem. “Private labels require that the organization have the skills to identify trends before their customer is ready, interpret those trends for their customer, and bring them to market in time and at the right price. Additionally, the organization absorbs the entire financial risk of the assortment, elevating the requirement for a flexible and efficient supply chain to the same importance as the trend management capability. Federated has invested an enormous amount of time and money to develop, enhance and sustain these skills. Both in terms of flexible supply and trend management, the organization has technology, processes and people dedicated to being excellent in these mission critical capabilities.” – Don Delzell, Partner, Retail Advantage 1 Macy’s was founded in 1858 by Rowland Hussey Macy, a Quaker businessman whose religion dominated the island at that time. Macy’s Inc. (NYSE) generated net revenues of nearly $27 billion in women’s, men’s, and children’s apparel, and accessories, cosmetics, home furnishings and other consumer goods in 2006. Today, its two main department store brands are mid-tier Macy’s and upscale Bloomingdale’s. In 2003, the company strategically converted all of its regional store nameplates to the Macy’s brand (except for the Bloomingdale’s stores). Macy’s today sells various branded goods along with their private label products, especially in apparels and soft line home furnishing. Their strategy lies in merchandising of the private label products in a similar fashion as the branded products, so that the customer is enticed by their value proposition. They ensure that vertical differentiation of national brands does not work. But such techniques are short-lived. The case poses the question whether Macy’s should position their labels openly a
Introduction Quite a number of businesses have adopted the use of information systems in the recent past in a bid to shun data loss and enhance service delivery. This has then resulted to the creation of databases. They are accessed according to the coherent structures in which the information contained therein is presented. This paper is meant to give a comprehensive review of four database structures for varied departments and how they are significant to the organization. It also seeks to explain how these database structures may be articulated to foresee an improvement in business performance and rational business-related decisions. It is imperative that the four functional departments are mentioned before stating the database structures and the effects they would have on the departments if implemented appropriately. The departments include:-  1. Human resources  2. Finance  3. Customer service  4. Marketing The four departments mentioned above are the most outstanding sections of an organization. This is because they incorporate service delivery, product production, sales and employee welfare. The four database structures selected for this analysis include:-  1. Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) – This structure is used in the collection and analysis of data. It is also used in updating current data.  2. Online analytical processing (OLAP) – This structure, on the other hand, assists in the manipulation of data in order to enhance decision making processes (Chatterjee, 2010).  3. Data dictionary: – this plays an imperative role in the process of data mining. It is meant to define the nature and category of information.  4. Integrity constraints: – this ensures that information keyed in is reliable and correct. Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) In the customer service department, for instance, OLTP can be use to trace all customer-to-organization transactions in order to customize customer experience in the event that they make a return. In the world today, customers only want to associate themselves with institutions where they are provided with customized services according to their individual preferences (Chatterjee, 2010). In the quest to hold onto customers, organizations have since devised methods of keeping their clients through this system. In human resource, on the other hand, OLTP can p
Ottomans Empire Ottoman Empire also popularly known as Turkish Empire rose into power after the weakening of the Byzantine Empire towards the early 1300 (Ottoman.com, 2010). This empire was founded towards the year 1299 and was lead by Osman 1 a member of emirates Gazi from whom the name ottoman was coined; Osman 1 was admired as a strong and courageous ruler (Ottoman.com, 2010). To start with, the conquest of this empire was deeply established due to utilization of great innovations and skills of ottomans military men who had high discipline level that ensured commitment to protection of ottomans interest like securing key trade roots among others. Additionally, this empire become more established into power due to the economical advancement which prevailed for a long time as a result of the empire conquering and taking over and dominating most of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. The ideologies that led to retaining of power by ottomans Empire was also as a result of many people converting to the Muslim religion (Shapour, 2000). The state’s troops were mostly characterized by Muslim religion which became dominant and most people converted to this religion in a wave that was fueled by the ottomans empire whose mission was to convert the whole world into a Muslim religion. Primarily, the ottomans state was in control of land titles and they gave right of ownership to land based on the ability to pay tax by the people, those who were close to the state and influential like the orthodox church were given bigger share of lands so that the state could control and manipulate them and thereby become more established in the process. Generally, due to great ruler like Osman and Suleiman and also due to high number of descendants, the empire was strong and greatly dispersed with other members settling in neighboring countries like Hungary leading to the emperor becoming more dominant in both Turkey and Europe which is the reason that the empire was so successful. Safavid Empire The Safavid Empire ruled between 1500 and 1722 and became one of the most dominant dynasties in Iran; during its reign, the empire established a greater Muslim religion in Persia hence characterizing the empire with Muslim religion (Shapour, 2000). The dynasty was further characterized by great innovations, economic development and artistic creativity of the fine art (Shapour, 2000). The Safavid empire became very dominant and maintained its authority due to their ability of linking power and religion; in fact this empire advocated the ideology that power was attached to religion which was the basis
Introduction The healthcare sector has been evolving over the last few decades occasioned by changing patient needs. The involved stakeholders seek to create an environment that enables patient safety. However, errors happen due to human input in the system. When mistakes occur in the provision of care services, it may be termed as negligence, which is punishable by law. Healthcare practitioners put the patients’ safety first, and when an error occurs, the problem lies in differentiating negligence from a mistake. On the other side, a just culture requires the creation of an open and honest environment where healthcare practitioners can report different occurrences in the workplace to ensure patient safety. This paper explores the criminalization of healthcare negligence within the context of a just culture. Criminalizing negligence Healthcare practitioners make errors, which may cause morbidity or mortality. One of the ways to look at such cases is to identify the responsible individual and hold him or her accountable for the mistakes made (Oyebode, 2013). As such, if one is found guilty, he or she is punishable under criminal law. However, the element of criminalizing negligence points to intention, where a practitioner premeditates a given decision and the consequent action. However, this approach has many drawbacks and it may compromise the patients’ safety. For instance, assuming a nurse is supposed to obtain some blood samples for specified tests and he or she forgets. Later on, the patient undergoes a certain medical procedure, which leads to an adverse health outcome. In this case, the nurse will be in a dilemma on whether to confess that the required blood tests were not done to facilitate the right intervention procedures. However, due to the criminalization of negligence, the nurse will be liable, and he or she may face a jail term if found guilty. On the other side, the nurse may decide to withhold information that the blood tests were not carried out in a bid to avoid being culpable for the adverse health outcome. Criminalizing negligence will encourage a practitioner to withhold information as a protective mechanism from the criminal law. However, th
The most important virtue of a market economy is efficiency when it comes to the use of resources, capital, and labour. The main goal of the efficient use of the three is for the market to supply the demand for products and services. And this can only be achieved if ideal conditions are in existence. These are: a) competitors that cannot dictate prices; b) access to labour and capital; 3) the customers must know about the prices and the products that are available in the market; and 4) producers must have an idea what the market demands. Aside from the existence of these conditions, there must also be the freedom to choose. Every participant of the market economy must have this freedom. They must be able to choose what they want and refuse what they do not want. In every transaction each party must realize that they have chosen the best. In other words the transaction that they entered into must be mutually beneficial. Based on this discussion about the ideal features of an ideal market economy it can also be argued that advertising is an important component because the consumers must know what is available in the market. They must know the features of the products and what is included in the services sold by businessmen. It is only after they are made aware of these products that they can make a decision which product and service to buy or patronise. However, experts in the field of economics are saying that advertising can have both a negative and positive impact to a market economy. On one side they argue that advertising create demand when there should have been no demand and this would increase the price of goods that are in limited supply. At the same time advertising can create brand loyalty and a successful ad campaign will make the consumers believe that there is no other product that is much better than what they currently use. This made others to say that this blocks the entry of other competitors and since competition is needed to create an efficient economy then this is a problem. Those on the other side made their counter-argument that advertising is good for the market economy because it pressures the brand leader to maintain high-quality or else their customers will buy the products produced by their competitor. They also add that advertising’s main purpose is to inform consumers and this is good for the economy. And so, in order to r
Introduction International Relations [IR] entail the study of various global issues and foreign affairs amongst states and non-state actors such as non-governmental organisations [NGOs], multinational corporations (MNCs), and inter-governmental organisations [IGOs]. These actors constitute the international system. IR is a dynamic discipline due to the fast changing world. The contemporary society is characterised by numerous changes such as the high rate of globalisation, ebbing state system, newer international regimes, increase in cases of crisis within sovereign states, terrorism, and ethnicity (Ghosh 2013). Different scholars have undertaken intensive research on international relations, which has led to the emergence of varied opinions on the scope of IR (Baylis 2013). Some of the studies have asserted that IR focuses on issue areas [trade relations, cultural exchanges, war], international security, conflict, and cooperation amongst states due to various issue areas and the international political economy (Ghosh 2013). The high rate of globalisation has increased the interaction among different economies. Thus, businesses have a unique opportunity to maximise their profitability by investing in international business. However, in order to develop optimal competitive advantage in international business, it is imperative for firms to develop effective strategies and collaborate with different actors. Studying international relations improves the effectiveness with which an organisation undertakes international business due to the improved understanding on how international business is intertwined with international relations. Ruel (2012, p.16) emphasises that international entrepreneurs ‘need politicians and government representatives to get access to foreign markets and deal with legal issues across borders’. In an age where some different countries are undergoing remarkable political and economic changes, it is fundamental for businesses to develop effective international relations with respective governments in order to develop sufficient market intelligence. Businesses are subject to different global issues, hence the need to integrate effective international relations in order to survive. One of the most notable cases relates to the recent outbreak of Ebola in March 2014. The outbreak was largely reported in some West African countries such as Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia. The disease led to a major crisis whereby over 4,900 people were reported dead by 14 th October 2014. This essay analyses the impact of the Ebola disease on international business. Literature re