ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Medical organizations often face various kinds of problems because of environmental factors pressure. Poorly coordinated management can make it challenging to understand employee performance. Nurses are especially affected since their work should be coordinated and focused on the testimony of doctors. Medical institutions face problems like a staff shortage and a lack of adequate resources for training and practice. The medical field of activity suffers from a shortage of personnel since the profession requires high-stress resistance. Coronavirus has become an aggravating factor in recent years, due to which medical activities have become life-threatening. According to Christensen et al. (2021), when the first symptoms appear, patients prefer to come to the hospital to receive better services. The medical staff cannot deny them, which affects the employees’ sense of safety. Doctors must be ready in any situation to go to a patient’s appointment to ensure a high level of sphere functioning. The lack of adequate resources to raise the level of knowledge is closely related to the lack of staff. People are forced to undergo years of training to work in lower positions and then meet with re-certification. Nursing practitioners need to improve their skills faster since salaries and benefits depend on them. The solution may be to provide free additional courses and practice opportunities (Aithal & Aithal, 2017). The ability to receive adequate resources for ongoing training affects the quality of services provided and employee satisfaction. The excellent technical equipment of the medical institution is the basis for the high quality of services. For example, during the first Coronavirus outbreak, there was an acute space shortage to accommodate patients. The hospital needed to accept more people than it can accommodate. Nurses and doctors are in constant contact with patients, which could become infected and spread the virus in the workplace (Tran et al., 2020). Lack of resources for the work of the medical staff can have serious negative consequences. The Medical system is a well-coordinated mechanism that requires constant monitoring and troubleshooting. The shortage of personnel appears because of the prime requirements for future specialists. Self-study resources should be made available to everyone while they will allow faster skill development. Technical equipment is essential to ensure safety during troublesome times such as a pandemic.
In this paper different financial data concepts such as vertical flow, downward flow, horizontal flow and inward and outward flow have been discussed in detail. They have been linked with the Kuali system very clearly and proper examples have been given to clarify these concepts. These concepts relate to the flow of information within an organization i.e from top management to middle managers and operatives etc. The theory of the firm is defined as an activity that looks into the supply of goods and services to consumers by profit maximizing firms. In other words, the theory of the firm concerns different economic theories that explain the differing natures of the firms or companies or corporations including their very existence, behavior and relationships with the market. Every organization or company whether large or small has a separate and unique organizational structure. The structure of the organization means; the different hierarchical levels of an organization coupled with the different divisions it is broken down into so that it becomes more manageable (Stephen, Maeve, Donald, Richard, & Alain, 2006). The structure of an organization is also defined by its objectives and its decision making needs, and powers. Although the organizations have different purposes of existence; each one of them have one thing in common i.e. they share a common goal of managing the movement of information from one point to the other making it easier to understand especially when it is being provided to them by both internal and external publics. In short; managerial structure plays an important role in what the organizations learn about themselves as well as how, and in what way do they retain and use the knowledge and the information. Information in any organization is never one way only; It always moves vertically, horizontally, diagonally, inwards or outwards. This is known as organizational information dimensions. When information moves from one point to another; it is summarized, filtered and manipulated before transmission to its final destination, which so describes its purpose. Horizontal flow of information occurs when different divisions, or teams, or groups work together side by side within an organization to achieve a common goal or objective (Stephen et al., 2006). This means that the information that moves around is firstly filtered and summarized to suit the requirements of a division for the completion of the task at hand. As the people working with each other are likely on the same level of decision making, so this information is usually exchanged very frequently and is often changed teach time to suit the differing requirements as per the moment. In the Kuali Financial system, the ‘action lists and the community sourcing model’ are examples of horizontal flow of information (What’s the Kuali test drive? 2006). On the other hand, vertical flow of information occurs when information is transferred from the non-managerial levels to operational level
The article “Use of theoretical frameworks in research” by Connelly (2014) has addressed the theme of using theory guides for supporting the findings made during the research studies. Connelly (2014) has identified that in a considerable number of scholarly articles, researchers have either removed the theoretic rational part or utilized it in an ambiguous or no clear way. However, the author also noted that the majority of scholars continue to provide the theoretical framework for their research projects. In addition, Connelly (2014) explained the very notion of the theoretic framework and demonstrated how this notion applies to different research designs. Besides, the author has made an overview of the problems that a researcher, especially a novice one has with the theoretical background selection for one’s research projects. For example, the author identified that some researchers begin to understand that the chosen theoretic framework does not apply to the studied population. In this case, Connelly (2014) recommends making modifications to the chosen theory. Howev
Introduction Ditra is one of the leading firms in the UAE’s home and personal care industry. It was established in 1977 in the UAE as part of the Al-Batha group. The firm manufactures and sells various brands of home and personal care products using the most advanced technologies (Ditra 2012). Ditra’s main products include chemicals, aerosols, detergents, disinfectants, and floor cleaners among others. In the last three decades, the firm has achieved organic growth, thereby joining overseas markets in the Middle East, the GCC region, and Africa. The firm has 100 employees and an annual sales turnover of $25 million (Ditra 2012). Ditra’s strategic objective is to double its growth in the next three years. This paper provides a strategic analysis of Ditra. The analysis will focus on the firm’s macro-environment, competitive environment, and internal environment. Based on these analyses, strategic recommendations will be made to help the firm to achieve its growth plan. Analysis of the Macro-environment Political Factors Tax policy and foreign trade regulations are the most influential factors in the industry. The federal government of the UAE does not impose taxes on corporate profits, personal income, and capital gains. Corporate taxes are only applicable to oil and petrochemical firms, as well as, foreign banks (Nyarko 2011, pp. 221-229). The corporate tax exemption improves the competitiveness of local firms by enabling them to utilize a large percentage of their profits for expansion activities rather than paying taxes. Similarly, personal income tax exemptions increase the citizens’ disposable income, thereby improving the demand for home and personal care products. Nonetheless, the government intends to introduce value added tax by 2014. As a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO), the UAE promotes free trade by eliminating tariff barriers. In this regard, the government levies only 10% importation tax on luxury goods and 4% on other imports (Nyarko 2011, pp. 221-229). Since the UAE is a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), its companies can benefit from low import tariffs (5% import duty) in the region Economic Factors Rapid economic expansion is one of the most important drivers of growth in the home and personal care products industry. The UAE is the third largest and one of the fastest growing economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In 2011, the country’s GDP expanded by 4.2% (Nyarko 2011, pp. 221-229). Furthermore, it has been able to maintain an average economic growth rate of 4.6% in the last five years. In 2011, the GDP per capita was approximately $48,158 and the unemployment rate was less than 1.4% (Nyarko 2011, pp. 221-229). These trends means that majority of the citizens have a high purchasing power. Hence, most of them can afford
Introduction The Bullitt country has made a state citation that all employees should ultimately follow within an organization, specifically the Jim Beam bourbon plant. The managers and the plant stakeholders’ key role is that they are at the forefront of administering that the country’s federal labor laws are followed to the letter regarding the break policy. After realizing that the company was violating the state’s laws, the firm changed the policy after concluding that the employees were taking advantage of the liberal break policy. The organization also stated that they consulted with the urologist to give the best policy reasonable to the employees as the old policies are degrading the company (Gottwald & Braun, 2019). Consequently, the company’s key organizational issues are to write a concrete memo to the cabinet, explaining clearly, why they changed the policies before the next hearing scheduled for next week. Integrating the Specific Theory Under this case study, the Jim Beam bourbon plant operates under a closed system. This is because, in a closed system, the organization is separated from the external environment. There is no interaction outside the organization which helps build knowledge from other organizations that could produce better growth (Schach et al., 2018). The company workers cannot change the organization’s policies, and they end up being degraded and embarrassed. In the Jim Beam bourbon case, more than 45 workers have been disciplined and lost their jobs (Gottwald & Braun, 2019). However, this has subjected other employees to begin wearing protective undergarments to avoid leaving the company’s line, or otherwise, they lose their jobs. It is so unhealthy and unethical that some employees have urinated on themselves for fear (Gottwald & Braun, 2019). The Jim Beam bourbon operates under a production line that sets a good example for a closed system. The rational model is a specific theory that helps understand the specific behaviors through rational thinking and the decision-making process. The Jim Beam bourbon plant has set its intuitive implication on the workers’ welfare and realized that there is a need to change the closed system structure of the organization and integrate a rational model (Merida, 2015). In a close reading in this case study, some of the company’s staff members have revolted, and they are holding the company’s ground that the old policies from the federal labor laws are degrading. The company owes that they will not keep quiet and become miserable as they watch their employees being punished. Uzonwanne (2016) elucidates that “through the rational choice model, the theory focuses on the decisions of individual choices that result in the emp
An adequate solution to a problem of such a broad scope as the under-representation of Asian Americans in US politics requires addressing the causes of the issues and the means for their elimination. Since the recommendations refer to the necessity of new legislative efforts to enhance Asian Americans’ participation in the voting process and overall political life of the country, it is relevant to place solutions in the legislative context as well. The vast disproportion between the percentage of Asian American individuals within the overall US population and the rate of their representation in office might be addressed by improving the likelihood of this community engaging in the political process. This goal might be achieved through designing both federal and state community organizations to improve political literacy. The collective efforts aimed at facilitating the representation of the Asian American community in state and national politics will ensure that more individuals consider voting and participating. Another critical area for improvement that might be beneficial in problem-solving is the enhancement of practices for the contact between Asian American citizens and political representatives. It might be achieved through the creation of specific committees that would specifically consider Asian Americans’ concerns and translate them to the political field. Within the context of such measures, stereotyping and racial discrimination might be reduced (Visalvanich, 2017). People should not only be encouraged to participate in the political process but also obtain an opportunity and means to express their concerns. The establishment of special bodies to work with this population will be a trigger for consecutive improvements based on the enhanced social perception of Asian Americans within the political context. More importantly, since the lack of legally processed naturalization cases for Asian Americans constrains their opportunities to become candidates, special legislation is required to simplify naturalization procedures for Asian Americans. This effort will provide the under-represented community with the legal basis for engaging in the elections both as candidates and as voters. Moreover, since the naturalization process involves learning history and language, the naturalization legislation will be capable of eliminating the language gap as a significant constraint to representation rate growth. Thus, powerful and systematic legislative and community-based measures are required to combat the problem of Asian American under-representation in US politics. In summation, the investigation of the problem of Asian Americans’
Facts The case mainly focuses on application of correct criminal procedures by law enforcing agent and effects that result from violation of such procedures. Following information on stolen credit cards, Postal office’s inspectors went ahead and organized a meeting between the informant (Khoury) and the respondent (Watson). Upon receiving a signal from the informant on availability of the additional credit cards, the officers conducted an unwarranted arrest. After arresting the respondent, as dictated by criminal procedures, the officers read the required Miranda warnings to Watson to avoid invalidation of any evidences they collected. After the Miranda warnings and consent from the Watson, the officers went ahead and conducted a search on the respondent, whereby upon discovering the respondent had credit cards; they extended their search to his vehicle, where they got two more credit cards with identities different from the respondent’s. Although the respondent filed a motion for omission of the got cards from evidence, the prosecution used them as evidence, hence convicting the respondent
A volcanic eruption is said to have occurred when magma, ash or dust found in the earth’s crust find their way to the earth’s surface through an opening. The eruption affects the world’s climate negatively. It has a cooling effect, warming effect and produces green house gasses, dusts and chemicals to the environment in turn affecting climate. This paper discusses the climatic effects of volcanic eruptions (Bush, 2006). When an eruption occurs, it releases gasses, dust and magma to/on the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Depending on how sunlight interacts with these exposed compounds, the result may be climate warming or cooling. The effect is both in the long term and short term. For example the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, caused the world temperatures to drop by degree Fahrenheit for a period approximated to be two years. This resulted to slow growth of plans in Europe and other parts of the world. Tambora in 1815 caused a temperature drop in Europe and Northern America which was acute that crops failed and lead to drought in the countries affected (Morgan, Steven & Valdes, 2007). Immediately after a volcano, dust released to the atmosphere causes a cooling effect; the level of cooling depends on the size of dust particles released and the amount. Tiny dusts have a higher cooling effect than large grain emissions. This is because they remain in the atmosphere for a long period. Gases from volcano contain sulphur oxide, carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide among other gases. These gasses easily rise to stratosphere. They then combine with water droplets found in the atmosphere and come back as rain acid. Since the stratosphere is dry, the droplets made take a long time before they are heavy enough to drop as rain. They are at this time interrupting the normal functioning of the atmosphere. The result is a cooling effect. Pinatubo and Tambora eruptions 1991 and 1815 respectively are believed to have caused a massive sulphur haze eruption which resulted to cooling of the earth for about two years. On the other hand these gasses have green house effects which affect the normal operation of the atmosphere. The end result is global warming. Global warming is the increase of world temperature which is caused by emission of green house gasses to the atmosphere. The frequency of volcanic eruption is not high and thus its effect on global warming is not much, however if huge eruptions like flood basalt volcanoes occur, then carbon emitted c
Introduction One of the major problem within PepsiCo entails paying workers less than minimum wage set by the government, despite working for long hours. The problem was discovered while going through the company’s payment schemes and comparing with other similar companies and the stated government regulations concerning salary renumeration. PepsiCo is a multinational company and such unethical behavior though may profit the company in the short run, leads to tainting company’s image in the long-run which ultimately results into greater losses. According to utilitarianism views, ethical actions are evaluated through their impact on all the stakeholders. Interview done on few of the workers revealed that they were being paid minimal wages and at the same time working in poor conditions without recommended full protective gear. These conditions made the workers a party to the company’s exploitation which is against the rule of law governing business ethics. Also discovered was the fact that any complain by workers concerning the lowered salaries have always earned them indefinite leave denying the workers freedom of expression. However, workers also have the right to better their interest in line with the governing rules and regulations (Nimgade). Multinational company like PepsiCo should adhere to the international business ethics which provides for good relationships between companies and individuals. All the operations and behaviors within the company’s premises should uphold the cultural value system as well as the accepted ways concerning business operations within the society. The company has detailed ethical duties towards the employers, employees and all other stakeholders within the public domain. Therefore this calls for PepsiCo to operate beyond their own self interest of gaining through exploitation and infringing on others rights (Nimgade). The other problem is that PepsiCo markets one of its recently produced beverage product without clear descriptions in the developing countries. Good percentage of the beverage is alcoholic, an ingredient not specified by the company and at the same time recommends and markets the drink as fit for all ages including children. The drink is at the same time sold at higher price within the developing countries. According to international business ethics, alcoholic drinks should not be sold to the under-age especially teenagers. Unethical marketing of alcoholic drink as non-alcoholic within developing countries presents a good example of inflicting injury on the population knowingly and willingly (Nimgade). By following Kant’s rule, the company should provide quality and at the same time safe products to the global market. The nature of their marketing strategy within the developing countries involved promoting the product amongst teenagers especially within learning institutions enabling PepsiCo to get good market base. The marketing department promoted the product as a substitute to energy drinks making widespread development
Introduction Between 1 st and 7 th century AD, Teotihuacan was one of the largest empires in its time that was even larger than Roman Empire. Incidentally, it was during the same time that the Roman Empire was also a formidable civilization many thousands miles away in Europe; during this period the Teotihuacan Empire area of influence is thought to have stretched between Guatemala all the way up to Texas (Millon, 1988). It is estimated that it was during the 500 AD that the influence of the Teotihuacan reached its peak before it started gradually declining over the next 150 years or so and was virtually non-existent by 750 AD (Archeology.com, 2010). During it height of civilization in 500 AD, Teotihuacan Empire was ranked as number five on the list of the largest cities in the world at the time and one of the earliest and largest Mesoamerican urban centre with inhabitants above 200, 000 persons (Archeology.com, 2010). By the time that the Teotihuacan civilization was collapsing around 7 th century, its city had became a major economic centre and contained some of the most advanced and impressive architectural structures such as the renowned Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the moon. Several theories have been advanced by archeologists and historians on possible factors that contributed to the collapse of one of the greatest empires in Mesoamerica and in the history of civilizations. Notable convincing theories that have been advanced as the reasons that contributed to disintegration of the Teotihuacan civilization include disease epidemics, drought, economic collapse and foreign invasion (Tainter, 2003). While there could have been many varied factors that might have interacted and contributed to the collapse of Teotihuacan, there could only be a handful that was central to the disintegration of this civilization which would appear to have been invasion and economic decline. These two theories would be the focus of my discussion in the following sections where I would be describing why these were the central theories that directly led to collapse of the Teotihuacan, in fact as I will show later in this paper there is only one major factor that led to fall of the Teotihuacan