ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary of the business process involving electronic postage (E-Stamp) The electronic stamp postage meter for the office and home markets utilizes the internet procedures whereby the users utilize a digital stamp known as Information-Based Indicia (IBI). It makes use of a bar code that was on operation in earlier devices of the barcode utilized by the U.S. Postal service (USPS) for better speed processing and efficiency. The system has overcome the monthly release fee of postage meters. The consumer is now in a position to print out account information directly at any required time, stored closely, or at a distant interference-free electronic vault of the personal computer. The system allows users to purchase the postage electronically using credit cards via the internet from an office supply store, recording of the payment in the vault occurs, and the user generates the stamps at free will without having to reconnect. The balance in the vault reduces as per the generations according to the classes or weight of postage made by the user. The final step entails carrying out the electronic verification before the transfer. Other similar online services Literature review As Mould indicates (2006), the U.S. has various electronic shipping services on offer today. Other services include electronic directories, as illustrated by Pederson. (2000) More alternative utilized with the electronic stamp is the postage scale. The price increases on the postage create confusion among the consumers due to the dynamism involved. According to Bushman, (2008), the click and ship services offered by the USPS is an online system that uses the regional system to consider the weight of the package and the distance to the destination. Just like the online services for selling books, the postage scale offers its users a twenty-four-hour ability to determine the exert weight and therefore enables payment for the actual amount other than the common standard stamp. (Windwalker, 2002) This was a stamp used for the common unit letters and those below a certain weight while one had to visit the posting offices to have the overweight letters checked. Comparison between e-stamp and regular postage The electronic postage has a slow growth rate, and the customer went back to the original post office services due to the processing cost, lack of grants by the USPS, initial capital for setup requirements, and complications of the procedures such as inability to print the digital st
How organizations can gain a strategic advantage with information systems The usefulness of utilizing appropriate information systems (IS) for efficient management is documented. It is worth saying that the advances in the application of advanced IT infrastructure has motivated organizations to develop and adopt I formation Systems (IS) and IT strategies to facilitate the design of business strategies. This process aims at supporting organizational missions and getting them on an edge of advantage over their competitors (Ramanathan, 2009). The nature of the contemporary business environment has necessitated that organizations design mechanisms in delivering on their objectives. Studies reveal that information systems have this potential to offer strategic advantages to organizations seeking greater performance. The following are some of the ways through which IS may lend numerous advantages to organizations. Strategic IS helps organizations to gain competitive advantages through contributing toward organizational goals. Organizations can gain from the efficiencies offered by IS strategic placements to substantially increase performance and productivity. A firm that obtains and implement IS systems have the ability to increase productivity and quality in the production processes. Computer applications such as cloud-based data systems have the capacity to reduce costs of IT that account for an increased expenditures of an organizations. The impact of digital economy is enormous and firms should take advantage of the strategic cost-effectiveness of applying relevant IS strategies. Innovation and creativity is critical in delivering intended objectives. Firms can achieve this element by investing heavily in research and development (R&D). studies on firms that invested substantial resources in R&D recorded steady growth compared to firms that lagged behind in terms of application and use of IS enabled research and development. Organizations can reap from the usefulness of IT infrastructure in reaching a wide market. Supply chains remain the true examples of businesses that have gained profitability through the implementation of the best of breed IS strategies. Similarly, the intention of organizations is to remain a market leader in respect of price, quality and reliability. IS and IT systems have proven successful in leveraging organizations against increased operational costs. Using this intrinsic advantage, organizations can model their pricing structures in order to exercise price leadership. In addition, IS systems have the capacity of assisting firms to reach best quality customers who have the potential of moving firms to higher levels of returns and profitability Contribution of an IS sourcing strategy toward gaining a strategic advantage Research documents that organizations with strong and efficient IS systems posses within themselves the ability to explore various market fundamentals that remain unexploited by firms with weak or no proper IS infrastructures. IS sourcing has far-
Anthropologists make attempts to establish the relationships between cultural and economical sides of the life of the society, deciding between the materialistic and spiritualistic approaches or trying to integrate both of them. Weber’s theory of religious beliefs as the basis for the division of labor forces in capitalistic society can coexist with Malinowski’s and Lewi’s views but is opposed by Geertz who put emphasis on culture. The key issue of Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Weber is the definition of the primary principles of capitalism and the prioritized values of people living in a capitalistic society. Defining the leading principle of capitalism, he notes that “man is dominated by the making of money, by acquisition as the ultimate purpose of his life” (Weber 53). The researcher is aimed at establishing the relationships between the individual’s motivation for working, the principles of division of labor forces and materialistic values in the society and the level of its cultural development. Considering the religious beliefs as an integral element of culture having a significant impact on people’s decision making, Weber finds the rational explanation for prioritizing the materialistic values in the principles of the asceticism. Not limiting the concept of capitalistic culture to the economical structure of the society, Weber attempts to evaluate the influence of the religious beliefs on the citizens’ obedience to the existing economical laws. The anthropologist analyzes the protestant principle of calling as the
NICE Technology Appraisal   * The technology:       + Botulinum toxin A used in the prophylaxis of adult chronic migraine.   * Chronic migraines:       + Refers to headaches that persist for more than two weeks in a month.       + Not responded to at least three prior prophylaxis interventions.   * The technology (Botox, Allergan) is priced at £276.40 for a 200 ml vial.   * Administration cost is £73 per treatment.   * Total treatment cost for 12 weeks estimated at £349.40. This presentation outlines the economic model in the determination of the cost-effectiveness of a health technology based on NICE’s appraisal guidance. The appraisal of the technology, Botulinum toxin A, was issued in September 2012. Botulinum toxin A is extracted from a bacterium ( C. Botulinum ), which is prophylactic compound for headaches and migraines in adults. It has been approved in the UK as a preventive medication for chronic migraines in adult patients. Chronic migraines are defined as headaches experienced for at least fifteen days per month. The dose level is 155 ml administered intravenously twice a month. The NICE appraisal evaluated whether botulinum toxin A is cost-effective and clinically effective for use by adult patients with persistent migraines, who have used more than three (medications) prophylactic therapies with no positive response. The manufacturer conducted a sensitivity and economic evaluation to respond to the decision problem raised by NICE. The estimated cost of a 200 unit bottle of this medication (Botox) was £276.40, with £73 the estimated administration cost for each treatment. The total expected cost was estimated at £349.40 for treatment per patient over a 12-week cycle. Markov Model   * No relevant literature existed on economic evaluations of the technology.   * The Markov Model was used; it was based on data from two trials.       + Compared the technology and placebo group over time.       + Only 35% of study population met the NICE criteria.       + Used 64% of trial subjects to achieve higher statistical power.   * The model defined s
Khalil was a Lebanese-American writer and artist who made a significant contribution to the literary world. Khalil wrote several philosophical essays, novels, short stories, and mystical poems. In addition, he managed to produce several paintings and illustrations during the course of his career. Gibran was born in Bsharri an area that falls under the current geographical Lebanon. Gibran was born in 1883 in a mountain village that was mostly inhabited by Maronite Catholics. Gibran’s mother was thirty years old when he was born and she had another son from a previous marriage. Gibran regarded his father as an ill-tempered man who never showed love and care towards his family. The writer’s family faced abject poverty mostly because of his father’s gambling habit. In one occasion, all his family’s belongings were auctioned off to pay for Gabrin’s father gambling debts. His father was consequently jailed in 1884 after being unable to pay some of his gambling debts. After the family’s bankruptcy, Gibran’s mother Kamila decided to move to the United States with three of her children. Gibran’s mother settled in Boston together with a young Gibran, his two younger sisters, and his half brother. After settling in Lebanon, Gibran’s mother made a living by selling linen and laces. In 1895, the young Khalil enrolled at a school in Boston. His school put him in an immigrant’s class where he could learn English. In addition, Gibran was able to enroll in a nearby art school. It was in this art school where he had the chance to meet Fred Holland. Holland was a member of the European avant-garde-movement and he acted as a tutor and mentor to Gibran. Later on Gibran moved back to his home country where he studied at a Beirut college. In college, he concentrated on Arab classics, Syrian novels, and Syrian poems. He also served as an editor for the college magazine. His return to Boston was marked by tragedy because he lost three members of his family within a period of one year. Following this tragic loss, his remaining sister Marianna was the only person who maintained him as he sought to launch his career. Gibran spent his days scouring through the Boston society in search of valuable contacts. Later on, Gibran met Mary Haskell a local headmistress. The relationship between Haskell and Gibran was both professional and personal. Letters that were exchanged between the two indicate that they were lovers although Haskell was ten yea
Introduction Strategic localization of organizations requires proper management and planning to ensure that the appropriate measures are considered. The purpose of an organization in its endeavours to reach its goals is a primary determinant of this localization. For instance, if a research organization requires supply of plant materials, or needs to plant the research resources, proper climate or artificial manipulations of conditions must be considered before localization. It is crucial to consider the settlement, supply availability, communication, transport mechanisms, and target market. Proper positioning of an organization is, also, a key determinant of profit making, efficiency, and enhances outside-in approach. The locality of an organization should be determined to fit the future progress of the region and the nation. Positioning a large health facilities in an area that has a sparse population would imply an improper managerial strategy. For these reasons, it is vital to note and appreciate the credibility of proper localization of organizations or facilities. In a bid to make this noticeable, I will make a comprehensive analysis that could favour Cork for biosphere plant localization. Cork Profile Cork is the 2 nd largest city in Ireland. Cork city is situated in the south west region of the country. It is the 3 rd densely populated region in the country. The climate is dynamic with significant rainfalls and absence of high temperatures. Temperatures range from 0 to 25 degree Celsius while the airport records an average rainfall of 1228 millimetres every year. Also, it is necessary to note that the region shows persistent recording of about a week of hailstorms and between one to two weeks of snow in every year. The most referable weather station in Cork is in Cork Airport situated in the southern part of the city. The republic of Ireland possesses a concise establishment of high-tech industrial productions, trades and investments. The features of the economy are evidenced by the retail trading within the county. This trade comprises of modernized shopping strategies and close neighbourhood shops distributed to provide the needs of people throughout the county. The county possesses the street of Saint Patrick that proves its economic distinctions between the regions due to its classic expenditures. However, the rise of living cost has lead to the closure of many businesses especially due to increased rent within the city. The businesses in the region initiated a strategy where the rent rises without decreasing. Pharmaceutical industries are evident in the region. Viagra is the key product produced to dominate the market in the region. Novartis and Pfizer Inc are the dominating employers in the region. Apart from pharmaceutica
Abstract At present, employers have acknowledged that employees’ satisfaction is essential for company’s development. The present paper dwells upon the latest findings in the field of human resource management. It is reported that workforce diversity is beneficial for employees’ productivity. However, it is also important to remember that workforce diversity can cause certain constraints which should be taken into account when working out the necessary technique. Fortunately, when paying attention to possible negative effects of diversity, it contributes to enhancing of creativity and competitiveness among personnel. Admittedly, creativity and competitiveness are two important features which help a company to be successful in the competitive business world. Introduction The history of the concept of workforce development dates back to ancient times. Of course, the modern concept of work force differs greatly from that of people living in times of slavery. At present employers who are preoccupied with their companies’ prosperity pay much attention to their workforce. It is now accepted that comfortable environment created for an employee will make the latter more productive and creative. Admittedly, company which hires productive and creative employees benefit. Thus, nowadays many scholars try to find many ways to motivate personnel. The latest finding in this field is concerned with diversity in the workplace. It has been proved by many researches that it “creates an energy that can rarely exist in an environment of uniformity” (Sujansky 10). Admittedly, this energy is beneficial for reaching business goals, so employers should make use of the latest discoveries in the field. It is accepted that employees’ satisfaction is important The new concept of the importance of employees for the sake of company’s benefits dates back to 1980s when UK researchers claimed that there were “direct links between job satisfaction and job performance” (Ferris 1). Thus, scholars started researching this link from different perspectives. Eventually, everyone agreed that employees’ satisfaction enables companies hire “reliable and competent employees” which was “a key component in developing an effective and sustainable competitive advantage” (Kickul 320). Admittedly, productive and competitive employees are eager to take up new assignments and fulfill them as soon as possible. More so, such employees are not seeking new working places, but are concentrated on their tasks. According to Sujansky it is very important to keep employees in the company, because the loss of employees can lead to the loss of customers (9). On one hand, the employee is often the personification of the company’s image, so stability in workforce means stability in the company. In other words, customers will not trust a company where employees do not want to remain for a long time. On the other hand, customers often follow employees
One of the more interesting projects on CCJ Architects is their concept of a rural home. In this particular case it can be seen that the homes attempt to incorporate “natural energy” into the way in which they are designed and function (Keitsch 2012, pp. 141-145). For example, as explained by their website the rural homes apparently utilize various forms of passive solar and ventilation principles in order to minimize energy use within the building. This means that large windows and areas where the wind can pass through have been incorporated into the home design so that light bulbs and various method of artificial climate control (i.e. air conditioners) do not have to be utilized during particular periods of the day. Not only that, due to the location of their rural home projects which is situated at the Namadgi and Bendora dams, homes in the area do not have to rely on an external power supply. Instead, the mini hydro system within each house effectively allows them to have free unlimited energy. Another factor that should be taken into consideration is the fact that each home has its own onsite sewer treatment facility and enough storage for 50,000 litres of rainwater. In effect, each home is self sustainable and does not need to utilize any external means of support to keep its inhabitants safe and comfortable. As the demand for water grows so too will necessity of increasingly larger means of water extraction
Military/Naval Industry Use of Exoskeletons The exoskeleton can be used to provide additional protection to soldiers when in combat. Since the extreme is made of hard material, it acts as body armor to the soldier wearing it (Doyle 10). Military personnel can use the exoskeleton can move heavy objects on the battlefield. Through its hydraulic system, the suit enables the soldier to move heavy weights, therefore making it unnecessary to have heavy-lift machinery present for these tasks. Advantages The armor will protect soldiers from enemy fire, ensuring that the number of deaths and injuries suffered during military confrontations is reduced. The efficiency of the soldiers will be increased since they will be able to travel for greater distances while carrying heavy loads with little fatigue. The use of exoskeletons by the military will lead to a reduction in the need for heavy-lift machinery on the battlefield since the soldiers will be able to lift heavy objects with the help of these machines. Finally, exoskeletons will enable soldiers to single-handedly carry and operate heavy weapons that normally require two or more soldiers to handle (Donaldson 58). Disadvantages A major disadvantage is that exoskeletons require a constant power supply. These machines would be ineffective when the battery runs out. Another disadvantage is that if the exoskeleton is damaged during combat, the soldier will be trapped inside it, making him/her vulnerable to enemy fire (Doyle 10). In addition to this, exoskeletons would significantly increase military spending in the country. These machines are complicated robotic systems and the military would have to spend billions of dollars to equip an adequate number of soldiers with them. Finally, soldiers would need specialized training to gain the expertise needed to maintain the complex exoskeleton machine on the battlefield. Space Industry Use of Exoskeletons The space industry can use exoskeletons to protect astronauts from harm when they venture into hostile environments. The exosuits can also be used to assist astronauts to walk in environments that have reduced gravitational pull. In addition to this, exoskeletons can be used for exercising purposes by astronauts who are confined in space stations for long durations. Howell explains that exoskeletons can be used to “add resistive force in microgravity environments” (par. 4). Advantages A major merit of exoskeletons in the space industry is that they protect astronauts who are working in high-risk environments. These suits have a hard shell that encases the body of the astronaut ensuring that he/she is safe from environmental hazards. Exoskeletons increase the efficiency of astronauts by reducing the effort required to perform tasks. Newman observes that these machines minimize energetic expenditures, therefore making it possible for astronauts to carry out energy-intensive tasks without suffering from fatigue (par. 3). Exoskeletons enable astronauts to deal with heavy weights by providing robotic power boosts. Astronauts
Anesthesia is one of the most important inventions made by man. It is hard to imagine a world where there is no way to deal with the pain caused by surgery and other related medical procedures. Complicated medical procedures such as surgery require the application of appropriate anesthetic. But even with expert knowledge about anesthesia and the skills necessary to perform complex dental procedures, the patient can still suffer from unbearable pain if the dentist does not understand the complex nature of dealing with the inferior alveolar nerve or IAN. It is the responsibility of the dentist or surgeon to be familiar with these anatomical variations. The IAN is a mixed nerve and the main reason why people have the ability to have sensory perception in the lower teeth, lower lip and buccal mucosa (Sandoval, Lopez, & Suazo 51). The IAN is the largest branch of the mandibular nerve (Pai, Swamy, & Prabhu 93). It represents a direct continuation of its posterior trunk and carries sensory and motor fibers (Lang 119). The IAN descends behind and positions itself lateral to the lingual nerve in the interpterygoid fascia between the pterygoid muscles (Lang 119). The IAN enters the mandibular foramen through the pterygomandibula space (Lang 119). In addition, the IAN “supplies the mandibular teeth, a portion of its fibers exiting at the mental foramen as the mental nerve (Lang 119). This is the basic description of the IAN. But it is common knowledge among experts that the IAN can be observed as having different anatomical variations. These variations can have significant implications when it comes