Overwriting hate has been known since ancient times when the original cave drawings of some people were obscured by new paintings. Smith provides a range of examples in order to present his argument and support it with evidence. In particular, it is discussed that in an attempt to protect their rights, the Indian tribes obscured “United States Property” inscription on the territory of Alcatraz, changing it to “United Indian Property” 1 . Another example is related to the textual sabotage as it were in the case of Ray Gun magazine and its separation efforts. There is a specific explanation of the so-called sensitive words that cause immediate impulse in the reader, making him or her cry, yield and so on. In fact, these words are just a set of symbols and not their form, yet the meaning affects and insults people. Thus, beginning the topic from relevant examples, the author moves to the core topic of the investigation – bathroom graffiti. The core argument of the suggested reading can be identified as follows: even though hate writing in bathrooms causes negative effects on the viewers, it is possible to change the situation positively by using overwriting. Focusing on typology, Smith reveals the power of psychology and creates the dialogue between a sender and a recipient of the message. The author creates clear nodes and links between the parts of the chapter so that the text flows well. In order to introduce the topic, he begins with the cave drawings that were pinpointed above and then identified his own experience by noticing the corresponding voices. Primarily focusing on anti-gay hate speech in men’s bathroom, Smith claims that this place is characterised by sexual acknowledgement of homosexual and heterosexual users. Graffiti is considered there as “a form of propaganda and emotional expression” and presents plenty of aspects of hate speech 2 . For example, racial bigotry and homophobia are at the top of the themes that may be encountered in public bathrooms. At the same time, it is noted that men’s bathrooms are more vernacular rather than those of women as the former are more aggressive, sexually explicit, and articulate. Interestingly, according to the data cited by the author, 86 per cent of men’s bathrooms comprise erotic material 3 . Smith explains this by connecting the mentioned tendency to childhood and excretion, referring to the so-called anal stage of childhood, as noted by Sigmund Freud, in which male children feel satisfaction during anus stimulation and defecation. Thus, male public bathrooms cause this childhood “smearing impulse” and make men enter the discourse of private and public as well as those of childhood and present 4 . Furthermore, the author reflects on his intentions regarding the investigation of this topic and states that the interest to interpretation and understanding motivated him to use graffiti letterforms to create a queer language with the aim of answering to the existing writings. 32 letters were generated with the adherence to the proper semiotic analysis of every letter. It is emphasised that language itself consists of letters, yet there are specific signals that identify the nature of the impulse revealed by a certain text