ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is a very pleasant sight to see children proceeding towards schools, in groups or alone. Smaller children with their parents and elder children on their bikes present a busy yet colorful scene outside the school. All of them carry school bags of different types, ranging in sizes from small to big, and some are quite stylish in look. But these are nowadays the biggest enemies of school-going children. I watched carefully, the heaviness of the bag becomes prominent, and the student seems to drag himself somehow carrying the overweighed bag to the classroom. It seems that it is the bag that is carrying the student, rather than the student carrying the bag. These overweighed school bags are today’s concern for both students and parents. Carrying bags heavier than a child’s capacity leads to several serious pains and injuries. Some of these might continue till adulthood. Let us discuss this in a little detail. Why heavy bags are harmful Children on a mandatory basis have to carry school bags containing books, notebooks and other things to the school. In fact it is good to carry a little weight while walking or cycling as it gives a sort of strength training to the back muscle of the students and makes them strong. But today students are carrying so heavy bags that it is becoming a curse rather than a boon for the students to carry a backpack on their back. A student should never carry more than 10 percent of his total body weight but the weight of their backpack today is going as high as 30 percent or above of their body weight. As a result a number of abnormalities are taking place. As a result of carrying a weight beyond their capacity, a student has to lean in front to balance the weight he is carrying on his back. This is a reason for which a child might suffer from fatigue days in and days out. Carrying overweighed school backpacks leads to upper and lower back pain and spinal strain. The child might twist his spine while putting or removing the backpack if not taken caution and get badly hurt. In the long run the extra weight might lead to a hump and make the child a hunchback. This distortion of back structure might continue even in adulthood. That was the bad effect of carrying a too-heavy bag when carried on both the shoulders. If the student is a fashion-conscious one he might like to carry such a bag on one shoulder only in order to look “cool”. This means the same pressure of the heavy backpack gets concentrated on one shoulder only. That in future might result in rounded shoulder in the student. Serious injuries like slip discs are also not impossible. How children feel comfortable Children will feel happiest if they do not at all have to carry a backpack. But as that is not possible because children have to g
The database designer navigates from the computer’s start button to the all programs option to launch Microsoft access from the Microsoft office folder. The first access window allows the designer to start creating a database from scratch (blank database), access recent databases as well as exit databases (using the “more button”). One can also use the offline/online templates designed by Microsoft. The title bar of Microsoft access shows the name of the database, while the lower part of the database window presents the navigation buttons for accessing and adding entities. During the database design, it is not possible to delete the primary key fields in the datasheet view until one changes to the design view, since the primary key represents a unique identification field of the entity. Access allows the renaming of columns, through the right-click shortcut menu, especially when the field name is too large or is not entirely visible. Microsoft access allows designers to make changes, add new fields, undo procedures, or rename fields. It also enables one to create new tables in case major changes are required. It is however possible to change the primary key in the database design view, by selecting the row and assigning it the primary key property. The design view presents options for changing the field size, and changing descriptions of the fields. The descriptions are displayed under the status bar when the database is run. The designer adds and modifies records in the database tables through the datasheet view, and access auto-saves any completed entity. A datasheet is a collection of columns and rows that represent related information. The access shortcut menu enables navigation from datasheet to design view or vice versa. Access also provides a navigation plane accessed through the shutter bar. While designing a database, the undo option assists in reverting to the previous steps. One is able to delete an entire entity/record that may contain some errors but it is advisable to keep the table closed to avoid accidental changes of entities and cluttering., like other programs, access allows one to save changes before closing the program, ignore them or cancel. It is possible to print entities of a table as hard copy reports using the print option, which is accessible through the office button option of the access window. It is advisable to preview these reports before printing in order to change some setups such as the orientation from the print preview option. Printing setup allows one to print multiple pages at once or pick a range of reports from the database. Through the create option of the menu bar, it is possible to create more related tables of the database by clicking on create and then choose the table option. In the datasheet view, one can then assign various field names and save them before closing the table. When switching to the design view of a new table, Access prompts the designer to save the table first by assigning it a suitable name. A Data field whose data type is set to a number requires the designer to specify the size. Choosing byte from the prop
Marketing Objectives With regard to the SWOT analysis represented in the Marketing Analysis report, the Virgin Blue Airline pursues three major purposes. To begin with, the company strives to provide their customers with high quality catering services. Second, it also seeks to introduce management strategies that would reduce costs and, as a result, introduce lower prices to customers. Finally, the company focuses on the changing the consumer behavior and attracting more clients to use their services, which should also increase the company’s competitive edge. All these strategies are justified by the existing strengths and weaknesses of the proposed services, as well as threats and opportunities. In particular, because the major mission of Virgin blue airlines is to sustain and develop a respectable image that would attract wider customer segments and would introduce new marketing strategies for future growth. The accomplishment of the presented goals is possible through consideration of both external and internal environments. Target Segment The major target audience that the services are designed for involve consumers that are oriented on the adequate ratio of price and quality. Therefore, the company seeks to meet the needs of customers from middle social class. The choice of target segment is successful because it has several advantages. The first one lies in wide market segment that the company receives while handling this target a
Executive summary In the past few decades, companies have shifted from the old ways of achieving competitive advantage over their rivals which used to include the automation of systems to managing of the knowledge they have in possession. As a result, this has led to the introduction of knowledge management systems in many companies. The introduction of knowledge management systems has seen improvements in terms of company returns and performance. Just like any other process, implementation of knowledge management has faces several challenges with the most difficult one being its attempt to change culture within organizations where it is implemented. Culture is described as the patterned way through which people of a certain group do their activities. It plays a very great role to the performance of knowledge management system since most people are usually against changing the culture. It is therefore important to note that a knowledge management system can only succeed in a culture which is collaborative, has high levels of mutual trust between the involved parties and also offers rewards to those who work hard. Introduction In the last four or five decades, organizations used to achieve a cutting edge over their rivals by automating their systems and thus cutting down on operating costs. However, things have changed of late and with competition among different organizations increasing day by day, business managers have discovered the importance of really understanding what they know and what more they need to know. They have discovered that it s only after knowing what they have can they be able to use the information for the benefits of the company. As such knowledge management is not only the infrastructure but also the framework and systems in which knowledge is organized for effective utilization by firms (Ududec and Mazilescu 2011). Knowledge can be classified in two ways: tacit and explicit. Tacit knowledge is knowledge that is not expressible this is knowledge that doesn’t require any thought. it can only be attained through experience. Explicitly knowledge, on the other hand, is knowledge that acquired formally through educat
Relationship between citizens and the government is vital for any country’s political social and economic development. Some patriots have had an impact on the leadership of the United States since the declaration of its independence. Thomas Jefferson is among the patriots, who participated in initiating America’s liberation from its colonizers. Since then, the American democratic government has evolved strategically by allowing citizens to be part of decision-making. This means political leaders allow individuals to give their opinions on issues of governance. Even though America is a large entity with a population of more than 300 million people, the state keep in touch with people all year round. This is achieved by the help of political parties, media, interest groups, and campaigns. This paper is aimed at letting the reader understand the need for ethical leadership and governance as a measure of democracy. It will analyze contributions of Thomas Jefferson as a political leader towards the nation’s evolution on equality, liberty, opportunity, democracy, and rights. Eventually, the reader will appreciate the dedication and spirit instilled by society that helped America reach its current state. The relationship between the government and its citizens has strategically evolved since the declaration of independence in 1776 (Ambrose, 2002, para. 2). Native Americans had suffered enough, and needed change. British colonizers had taken advantage of the country’s vulnerability and dictated Americans for a long time. For example, all policies had to be approved by the British government before implementation in the regional land. American citizens needed a government ruled by the people. In this case, American patriots documented a list of complains and directed them to England. The list advocated for human property and liberty rights required by citizens. This meant Americans needed new leadership from the native inhabitants. Revolution against corrupt and greedy leaders helped America alter its governance strategies. Top government officials encouraged citizens to be part of a new leadership in the country. For example, the government wanted a mutual relationship with local inhabitants. This was achieved by working for the people as servants. Servants are dedicated people who offer services to meet the needs and wants of clients. Americans wanted leadership in which the top officials met individual needs rather than embezzle funds. The Declaration of Independence promised to punish corrupt and guilty leaders through a new justice system. A way of building relationships with the people was to allow them participate in community development. For example, state officials of America obtained land that was forcefully taken from native individuals. This gave the government an opportunity to win the trust of citizens regarding ethical leadership. Participation in campaigns and
The plot of The Trial , a novel written by Franz Kafka, revolves around a person, who was unlucky enough to get accused of an unknown crime and involved in a year-long hopeless lawsuit. The protagonist has to face all the horrors and injustice of the legal system. In the novel, Kafka demonstrates his disapproval of the tyranny of legal system and government in general. The Trial presents a story of Joseph K., a bank officer, who suddenly gets arrested by the members of a mysterious organization for an unknown crime right on his thirtieth birthday. However, he is not kept somewhere but is let free to do his daily duties. On Sunday, he receives the address of the office where a hearing will take place, but the time is not established. At the address, he finds a building with a room with a great number of people. Confused, still not knowing what his crime was, Joseph gives a speech addressed to the judge and the people present, in which he criticizes the law process, expresses his concern about its unjust nature, and complains on the agents, who had previously arrested him. Silence comes as a response. Later, Joseph sees the agents flogged because of his complaints, and his protests against this unjust deed are not to be heard. Consulting a lawyer is a little help for K., for the lawyer merely tells him a lot about hopeless cases. The same things are described by Block, an unsuccessful man, who has already spent five years in dealing with his legal problems. Joseph starts having troubles with his work since the lawsuit consumes all his time. One day, an important Italian client arrived at the bank, and K. was asked to show him cultural sites. They arrange a meeting in a cathedral, but the client does not show up. Instead, Joseph talks to the local priest. The latter tells him a parable, Before the Law , which was published separately, previously to The Trial . The plot involves a man, who keeps trying to enter a closed gate and waits for the permission, which is never given. Thus a year passes in a non-stop struggle with the legal system, and a day before his 31-st birthday, Joseph is taken by two agents and killed for his unidentified crime. “Like a dog!” says one of the murderers, “as if the shame of it should outlive him” (Kafka 165). One of the main topics of the novel is law and justice. Overall, the whole story is devoted to the problems that happen if a justice system is not properly regulated (Rana and Dhanker 408). The author lived in Austrian-Hungarian Empire, where the rights of the people could be (and were) easily violated. Being a Bohemian Jew, Kafka was a representative of a minority; Czechs and Jews would be arrested and punished merely for their nationality, without having committed any crime (Cushman 51), including Kafka himself (Banville par. 15). The protagonist of The Trial starts having problems with the law from the very beginning of the novel : “he knew he had don
Introduction Strategy refers to the “direction and scope of a firm over the long run”. It facilitates the creation of competitive advantages through configuration of the firm’s resources in a challenging business environment in order to meet the customers’ and stakeholders’ expectations. The strategy process begins with strategic analysis in which the internal and external environment of the firm is assessed. This helps in identifying potential changes and the best responses to such changes. Having analyzed the environment, the firm must critically appraise all the strategic options at its disposal in order to choose the best strategy. The best strategy is usually implemented in order to overcome competition in the industry. This paper will focus on the process of formulating and implementing business strategy. The first part of the paper focuses on the process of analyzing internal and external environment of the firm. In the second part, case studies will be used to illustrate the application of tools such as five forces in environmental analysis. Steps in Environmental Analysis The order in which environmental analyses are done is important. Analysis of the external environment should precede analysis of the internal environment. The importance of this order can be explained as follows. Analysis of the external environment serves three purposes. First, it facilitates understanding of the existing as well as potential changes in the business environment. Second, it provides intelligence that informs strategic decisions of the firm. Finally, it facilitates strategic thinking within the firm. Internal environment analysis on the other hand, enables the firm to indentify its strengths and weaknesses. Thus, it is apparent that external environment analysis serves as “an early-warning system” that enables the firm to predict opportunities and threats in its environment. This prediction enables the managers to formulate the best strategy to respond to the anticipated changes. In order to respond to the expected changes, the firm must conduct an audit of its internal environment with the aim of identifying its capabilities or strengths and weaknesses. Consequently, the firm will be able to formulate the best strategy and utilize its resources as well as capabilities to exploit emerging opportunities. Additionally, the strategy will help the firm to mitigate the negative impacts of threats in the industry. Thus, it is important to begin with external environment analysis in order to identify the factors that affect the competitive environment. The internal environment analysis should then be conducted in order to verify the firm’s ability to respond to the changes predicted by the external environment analysis. Importance of Profits As a manager of a large firm, I would focus on making superior profits due to the following reasons. To begin with, making profits is the main objective of every business. All other objectives of the business are meant to support the profit objective either directly or indirectly. From the point of view of the stakeholders, profits represent re
Both the novel Black Rain and the science fiction film Gojira are very impressive in terms of expression the strongest effect which the atomic bombing has left in the minds and hearts of Japanese people. However, the novel presents the most detailed, touching and thought-provoking description of all the saddest consequences the trauma of being a victim of an atomic explosion may leave in the life of any individual who went through such a terrible tragedy. The novel Black Rain written by Masuji Ibuse is based on the historical events of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The author describes what Mr. Shigematsu, the main protagonist of the novel, had to go through after the explosion: There had been a dozen or more people suffering from radiation sickness in the village, but now only three survives – mild cases, of which Shigematsu was one. All three had checked the progress of the disease by taking care to always get plenty of food and rest. Where the rest was concerned, however, it was not enough—nor was it tolerable for the patient himself—simply to lie in bed all day. The doctor had suggested doing light jobs about the place, supplemented by “walks”. Unfortunately, it was out of the question for the head of the family, to all appearances in the best of health, to stroll idly through the village. For someone
In conditions of doing business internationally, there appears an issue of global staffing. The major approaches to global staffing policy include ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric staffing (Mondy & Martocchio, 2016). An ethnocentric approach, “companies primarily hire expatriates to staff higher-level foreign positions” (Mondy & Martocchio, 2016, 396). This approach is suitable for companies with foreign offices which want to have more control over affiliates or preserve corporate culture. Employees from the parent company in high positions can transfer necessary experience and company traditions. With this approach, expatriate managers guarantee the proper connection of foreign companies functioning with the parent company (Mondy & Martocchio, 2016). The polycentric approach presupposes employment of host-country national workers “throughout the organization, from top to bottom” (Mondy & Martocchio, 2016, 396). With this approach, more power is given to the local employees of the host country. The approach is grounded on the supposition that host-country nationals have more experience in the conditions of the local market and thus can be more efficient. It also needs a separate HR department in the country of operation. The polycentric approach is usually well accepted by the local population because it provides more positions and is proof of the company’s commitment to the host country. The geocentric staffing approach includes “a worldwide integrated business strategy” (Mondy & Martocchio, 2016, 396). It means that companies try to employ a candidate who suits the position best of all without consideration of his or her nationality or place of living. This approach is most suitable for big corporations because the search for suitable employees can be time-consuming and expensive. The geocentric approach can also be complicated for HR managers due to the challenges of dealing with international employees. On the whole, the choice of staffing approach depends on the company’s HR policy and its global goals. Reference Mondy, R.W.D., & Martocchio, J.J. (2016). Human resource management, Global edition (14th ed.). Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited.