ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The success of every organization depends upon its strategies, and that is why every year a good number of organizations, spend a lot in time, money and effort to create the perfect strategic plan (Syrett, 2007, p. 63). But a successful strategy will not benefit the company much if it is not executed successfully. Recent studies of companies that have over five hundred million dollars in revenue showed that, more than sixty six percent of them set their targets above nine percent real growth. But unfortunately less than one company in ten of these firms achieves this level of success. In fact only thirteen percent of them are able to achieve six percent compound annual growth rates and provide their shareholders with returns that exceed their cost of capital. This percentage could be raised if only companies understood the secret of successful strategy execution. This paper explains these secrets to successful strategy execution. The success of every organization solely relies on how well it executes its strategies. (Syrett, 2007, p. 63). Brilliant strategies can place an organization in the competitive map, but this does not automatically translate into success in this aggressive sector, but on the contrary can it can lead to the organizations downfall. Many companies have excellent strategies but they struggle with their execution since most of them rely on other factors to trigger this implementation. This reliance is mostly because these organizations do not understand the logistic for implementation of these effective strategies. This lack of understanding is majorly due to fear of the unknown, fear of the consequences, which can only be overcome if theses firms understood the secrets of successful strategy implementation. This paper explains these secrets to successful strategy implementation. Why Strategies Fail Before we look at the secrets we need to understand why most strategies fail, despite their brilliance. Strategies that fail are not the bad ones only, the good ones fail too and in most cases it is hard to pinpoint the reasons for their failure. Failure could result from poor planning and clarification, poor communication, poor alignment and measurement, poor leadership for strategy execution, lack of expertise and experience, poor synchronization, cultural factors, and executive inattention among others. These causes have been explained below: Lack of Expertise and Experience Lack of expertise is mostly predominant in organizations that rely upon newly MBA-trained managers who lack of experience. These managers know a lot about decision making and planning but know very little about carrying out the proposed plans. Despite the fact that these newly trained managers are good and knowledgeable they still have much to learn probably through experience, and this means that they will make a lot of errors in the process. Poor Synchronization Poor synchronization is the major reason why executions go wrong, since it allows the main focus of the given strategy to shift with time to a different thing altogether (Neilson, Martin, Powers, 2008, p. 5). Poor synchronization leads to deviatio
Zero-tolerance policies (ZTPs) are widely used in the US (Welch & Payne, 2018). ZTPs establish particular consequences for specific violations that are applied in any situation regardless of mitigating circumstances or any other aspects of the context (Welch & Payne, 2018). Criticisms have been directed at ZTPs, suggesting that they violate the rights of students. However, the proponents of the approach reject this idea. A summary of the arguments in favor and against the statement that ZTP can violate students’ rights can be used to inform one’s perspective on the topic. One of the main arguments for the idea that ZTPs violate students’ rights is connected to instances of discrimination. For example, African American girls are more likely to experience the consequences of ZTPs, especially suspension and expulsion, than white ones (Hines-Datiri & Carter Andrews, 2017). This phenomenon can be explained with the help of conflict theory, which highlights the problem of social inequality, and feminist theory, which focuses on the inequality of genders (Ferris & Stein, 2016; Ritzer & Stepnisky, 2017). Based on them, it can be assumed that the disparities which are present in modern society can affect ZTPs. In particular, they may result in students from disadvantaged groups being more likely to partake in activities that are subject to ZTPs or cause the people who are responsible for ZTP-related decisions to perceive the activities of some students more negatively. To illustrate the second potential outcome, Hines-Datiri and Carter Andrews (2017) demonstrate that Black girls are viewed as more loud and aggressive than white ones, which is an attitude that incorporates the stereotypes related to both gender and race. As a result, the activities that are generally normal for children (for example, temper tantrums) may be perceived more negatively when Black girls are engaged in them, resulting in the above-described racial discrepancies. By not taking into account the context in such cases, ZTPs violate students’ right to be free from discrimination. Furthermore, the nature of punishments in ZTPs, which are typically suspension or expulsion, may violate the right to education (Welch & Payne, 2018). Students who were subjected to ZTPs are evidenced to have increased risks of dropping out or underperforming, which may be another factor that explains the discrepancies between privileged and disadvantaged groups in obtaining an education (Hines-Datiri & Carter Andrews, 2017). It has also been suggested that associated punishments may be extremely severe (Mowen & Parker, 2017), which violates the right to justice and might be connected to various types of discrimination. For instance, Hines-Datiri and Carter Andrews (2017) cite cases in which five- and six-year-old Black girls who had temper tantrums were escorted out of their schools by police officers; one of them was handcuffed (p. 2). In summary, the problematic nature of ZTPs is supported by several arguments exemplifying their negative consequences for student rights, and they may be traced back to social inequality. The key arguments against the idea that ZTPs violate
Introduction The feasibility study is the second major phase in the Software Development Life Cycle. This study is of great importance since once a rough specification of the information system has been drawn up, it is important to access whether it is possible to implement such a system. It is is made up of a series of studies conducted to assess if the proposed information system can be developed and whether its implementation will benefit the business. The feasibility report provides a formal summary of the findings of the feasibility study. It addresses a range of issues including: the benefits of the project, projected costs, effectiveness, alternatives considered, and the opinions of potential users. This report is addressed to the management and should therefore be brief enough and sufficiently non-technical to be understood; yet at the same time detailed enough to provide the basis for system design. The feasibility report serves as the basis for making the decision to begin or abandon the project. This paper will highlight the main parts of a feasibility report which are; economic Feasibility, technical feasibility, operational feasibility, and scheduling feasibility. It will then proceed to discuss why it is important to undertake each part of the feasibility report. Economic Feasibility The cost of development is a key concern for all parties involved. This is because the costs will have a direct bearing on the design of the system as well as how it operates. It is important to be able to demonstrate that the investment in the information system will create value for money (Dixit 2007). The benefits identified in this phase include tangible and intangible benefits. The tangible benefits are easy to identify since they are quantifiable in terms of savings or profits accrued as a result of the new system. For the information system, intangible benefits are harder and at times impossible to quantify. They include benefits such as improved customer service and higher employee motivation. A cost-benefit analysis is done to identify costs and benefits and at the same time assign real values to this costs and benefits. Through this process, the financial risks that the project possesses are identified (Norris & Simon 2000). The costs identified are not just the development costs but also other expenses such as training costs and operational costs. From the real values assigned, the net present value can be calculated. This present value is the difference between the cost of the investment and the discounted present value of all future earnings from the investment. If the net present value is positive, then the development of the information system should proceed. The feasibility study also determines the break-even point which is the point in time when the returns match the amounts invested in the project. Barnard (2008) states that the longer it takes to break even; the riskier the project will be viewed. Technical Fea
Material Requirement Planning System’s Inputs and Outputs Material requirements planning is the system for turning master schedule requirements for end items into time-phased requirements for subassemblies, components, and raw materials. Inputs and outputs are affecting the MRP and its efficiency. The inputs required to build a system are a master schedule formed by orders and forecasts, design changes plan process with a bill of materials, and inventory records containing receipts and withdrawals (Stevenson, 2014). When MRP is set up and used, several outcomes appear, and they can be divided into primary and secondary reports and an inventory transaction. Primary outputs are changes, order releases, and planned-order schedules, and the secondary ones are the exception, planning, and performance-control reports (Stevenson, 2014). The proper translation of master requirements can help successfully manage the order and appliance of assemblies and raw materials. Differences between Regenerative and Net-Change MRP Systems MPR can be updated via the two most useful systems: regenerative and net-change approaches. The main difference between these practices is that the regenerative system edits MRP’s data periodically, while the net-change one does it continuously (Stevenson, 2014). The regenerative method is based on picking an interval and complying with the changes in all aspects to discover what MPR’s updates to make (Stevenson, 2014). The net-change approach modifies a system after every requirement of change on a continuous basis (Stevenson, 2014). The regenerative system is the most suitable for managing stable MRPs, while the net-change method can deal with the inconsistent ones. Benefits and Limitations of MRP as a Push-System MRP is a push system that helps determine the costs, quantities, and availability requirements in a time-based manner so that the results can be forecasted and then achieved. This operation method’s benefits are low demand for in-process updates, the ability to manage material and capacity requirements, the allocation of production time, and the potential to determine the inventory usage (Stevenson, 2014). MRP implementation’s main limitation is the necessity to have a computer with the software capable of handling calculations and maintaining records. Moreover, the system can only be applied if accurate and approved master schedules, bills, and inventory records are properly collected (Stevenson, 2014). Any inexact piece of data can lead the companies to significant order, production, and delivery issues. Reference Stevenson, W. (2014). Operations Management. (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Claim The dishwasher has come as a savior to many American people; it solves many domestic chores related to dish washing in a manner that helps people a lot. It has a lot of advantages. Many people now rely on the dishwasher, and the traditional method of manually cleaning the utensils has become a thing of the past. Introduction Since time immemorial, people have continued to come up with kitchen equipments that surpass time. These equipments have proven to be very helpful. People use these equipments to fulfill daily chores in the kitchen. The dishwasher is one of the most common equipments in the kitchen of American women. It has simplified work for many people in the family level. The dishwasher has also simplified work in places like hotels, restaurants. It has continued to solve the problems of dishwashing in the kitchen of american families. This equipment has continued to grow in popularity. Advantages of the machine The dishwasher has a lot of advantages; these advantages have seen it as one of the most used gadgets in the American kitchen (Michael 167). First, the dishwasher is an automatic machine, for this reason, the machine does not need a person to keep monitoring its progress. A person just needs to feed a few commands to the dishwasher, and it will do the rest. It will clean the dishes and then turn itself off. Therefore, it saves time and as the utensils are being cleaned, a person will be free to accomplish other chores. This has helped people continue with their work at home without worrying about dirty utensils. The convenience of this machine has encouraged many people to acquire it. People who have used this machine always praise it for its good work. Before the dish washing machine was invented, people used to hand-clean the utensils and wipe them dry. This machine cleans the dishes and then dries them using electronic heat. This machine can clean utensils for hours without being switched off. It is quite convenient and the device cannot be compared with other kitchen gadgets. People with skins that react to certain chemicals found in soaps and detergents consider this machine to be very helpful. A person using this machine will never hav
A Summary of the Events that Resulted into the disaster and the Measures that could have helped to prevent the Explosion Goodyear applies pressurized ammonia as a coolant in the chemical process of the manufacture of rubber. The ammonia is made to circulate around the tubes where it cools the chemical processes that are contained in the tubes in the heat exchange. The rapture is said to have been caused by a closed isolation and a blocked valve, which acted as a connection between a relief valve and the heat exchanger shell. An operator of the company, unaware of the closed valves, continued with the cleaning of the pipe. The cleaning process and the malfunctioning valves resulted in too much pressure in the heat exchanger shell causing the rupture that occurred (U.S. Chemical Safety Board, 2011). The pressure that caused the rapture could have been prevented from building up to the extent of causing the explosion if the necessary precautions were taken. Firstly, Goodyear ought to have had a proper communication between the operators and the maintenance workers. The most effective preventive measure in this case would have been to ensure that the operators examine the block and the isolation valves before beginning any chemical process in the heat exchanger (Asfahl, Hammer, & Price, 2004). Critique of the Accident Investigation It is always believed that government investigations in incidents of accident are never exclusive and are always prone to assumptions that in most cases turn out to be disastrous afterwards. The accident investigations conducted by government officials are often done hurriedly hence omitting some of the important steps. For instance, the investigators in the case of Goodyear failed to account for a dead employee until his body was discovered by his fellow employees. The government’s investigations could be made more efficient if the investigating officials worked together with their fellow colleagues from the private sector. The coalition can ensure that every step conducted during the investigation process is well monitored and evaluated to avoid overlooking some of the steps that are often deemed negligible, but which are equally important. Importance of Accounting for Every Employee during an Accident and Steps that Goodyear Management could have applied in Accounting for its Employees It is important to account for every employee in a company whenever an accident occurs. The major reason for making such accounts is to ensure that every employee is safe. This in turn assists to detect if any of them is involved in the accident and helps find the quickest way of saving the victims. To account for all its employees, Goodyear should have occasionally carried out employee headcount drills; this is the only mechanism that could have assisted the investigators to implement the company’s response plan on a facility-wide basis, which is hig
Apple is one of the most valuable companies in the world. The California-based corporation has achieved international recognition by distributing premium gadgets such as smartphones and personal computers. Within the last twenty years, it has completely reconfigured man’s relationship to technology and its software models are regularly emulated by other brands. Apple recently became the first U.S. company to briefly reach a 3 trillion USD market cap with a share price of 182 USD (Leswing, 2022). Such a large operation undeniably depends on effective collaboration between numerous departments. Various strategies have been developed to improve workplace teamwork, including clear goal-setting, supportive behavior, effective communication, conflict handling, and overcoming change resistance. Firstly, the most important aspect of setting goals is ensuring they are unambiguous and clearly understood by each team member. Rather than listing vague ideals that are up to interpretation, the company should set concrete and measurable goals. Furthermore, all employees should clearly understand Apple’s financial and conceptual objectives and their role within the company structure and department. This largely depends on a leader who can steer the team in the correct direction within the appropriate timeframe and identify which employee is the best for each task. Therefore, interventions to clarify short-term performance goals that lead to the fulfillment of long-term ones should be regularly held by a leader who understands the essence of Apple’s mission. Secondly, the efficacy of a certain team is determined not only by the motivation and qualifications of individual members but also by how they interact with one another. Behaviors conducive to collaborative teamwork are captured in the “Five Cs” model: cooperating, coordinating, communicating, comforting, and conflict handling (McShane & Von Glinow, 2018). The most judicious way to cultivate the Five Cs is by recruiting applicants that are team players and compatible with the company culture. Further team development is accelerated through formal activities such as company-wide sports events and scavenger hunts (McShane & Von Glinow, 2018). However, an oft-overlooked aspect of encouraging teamwork is the importance of upper management modeling appropriate team behavior and avoiding fostering competition between employees. Thirdly, management needs to outline a strategic plan to encourage effective communication across the organizational hierarchy. Formal activities in the form of open town hall meetings and roundtable forums with employee representati
Introduction The word lesbian encompasses a description of intimate and passionate longing between two females and t is also used to describe female persons who are set apart as having the principal element of female homosexuality (Castle 2). The term is also used to refer to attributes of an entity or action associated to female same-sex longing. Lesbian as a theory, to distinguish women with a common sexual preference is a creation of the 20 th century. Much as this form of homosexuality has come out in many civilizations in the course of time, not until in recent times has the term ‘lesbian’ referred to a set of individuals (McCormick 6) Towards the end of the 19th century, sexologists brought to the fore their findings on same-sex longing and grouped lesbians in the West as a distinctive group. Consequently, women who found out their new sexual orientation came up with secretive social groups mainly in the larger Europe and America. A further expansion of this term was to come up in the 1970s. Various historians have been studying relationships between females from times gone by and have queried the criteria used to group an individual(s) or an association as lesbian (McCormick 6). From this, three aspects of categorizing lesbians have emerged and they are; sexual behavior, sexual longing and sexual individuality. Men have over time came up with opinions on what is upright for females in love, intimacy, and due to the nonexistence of males in a lesbian association, often rebuffed the likelihood of the practice discounting it as a legitimate reference to sexuality. The various forms in which lesbians have been depicted in the media gives an impression that the Western society has on a larger scale been both appalled and intimidated by these women (Castle 4). There is also an aspect of fascination by lesbians from some quarters. The lesbian women on the other hand give accounts that suggest a grouping that can be likened to an ethnic or tribal association. They are brought together by the bias and probable denunciation they may face from their families and other people (Doan 9). Due to the fact that they are female, the challenges they encounter are unlike those of men. Construction of lesbian identity For a good number of females, the apprehension that they got involved in acts that qualified to be described as l
Introduction: Religious Leaders and Their Impact Over the course of the evolution of Christian religion, it was supported by a number of Christian leaders, who introduced the basic concepts of Christian faith to all those willing to learn about it and created an image of Christianity. Much to their credit, they did their job incredibly well, seeing how nowadays, Christianity is one of the three largest religions in the world. However, some of the Christian leaders should be given a special credit for their work and persistence in trying to follow the key principles of Christianity and retain Christian values. Therefore, the impact of religious leaders on the evolution of Christian religion cannot be overestimated. The one who has contributed the most to the given process, however, is yet to be found. Although it cannot be argued that Jesus was the historic personality that actually is the central figure of Christianity, there are a number of people who moved Christianity forward in the darkest of the times, therefore, preventing others to let Christianity dissemble. The Religious Leader That Made a Difference When it comes to defining the ultimate Christian leader that the world has ever produced, it is more reasonable to go back in time and search for the man among the people who called themselves the chief disciples of Jesus Christ. While the given issue is truly arguable, seeing how each of Jesus’ disciples had enough faith in Him and had the right to be called the true Christian leader. However, it is remarkable that Peter is the first to figure out who Jesus actually was: “Blessed are you Simon son of Jonah! For flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. And I say to you that you are Peter [petros], and upon this Rock [petra] I will build my church” (Matt. 16:17–18). (Ehrman 15). Apart from being, as Ehrman put it, Jesus’ favorite disciple, Peter discovers his healing abilities later on (Gaiser 224), which also makes him all the more significant a persona. Ev