ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The reformation of the voting and control system is a task that entails complex and accurate considerations, as well as a thorough assessment of the existing control system. (McKee, and Garner, 412) The implementation of the additional control element will inevitably complex the existing system, as the additional control elements will have their own interests in the control process, which may contradict the initial control policy. Additionally, in accordance with AASB127 principles, the control may be specified by the legislative or executive authority. As it is stated by Bavly (87): In determining whether the relationship between similar organizations within the public sector constitutes a control relationship, the following factors would be among those which should be considered either singly or in combination: ministerial approval is required for operating budgets; the power of the Minister or a central authority to appoint and remove members of the board of management; or a ministerial power of direction. Where the relationship between a company and a central authority constitutes a control relationship, this Standard would require consolidated financial statements to be prepared for the group comprising the central authority and the controlled company. In the light of this perspective, the company with less than a half votes in an entity will not be controlled effectively, or it may get under the control of the shareholders, who have lesser amounts of shares, which contradicts the initial policy of the company. Additionally, the implementation of the additional control element will cause the diversification of the control power, which may impact the entire governing system negatively. On the other hand, if the existing system is aimed at ignoring the interests of the investment minority, this group of investors may leave, and the company will be left without additional reserves. Thus, if financial difficulties are forecasted, this reformation will be useful for the entire company, nevertheless, eh governing system will be diversified, which will not grant stable co
Today, more than ever before, contemporary land use pressures coupled with haphazard cutting of trees have had a noteworthy impact on the extent and condition of forests in the United States, igniting a country-wide decline in forest cover. In consequence, the potential for forest regeneration in our country has slowed, with experts suggesting that forest loss is now more common in the U.S. than forest gain due to indiscriminate tree cutting to satisfy the huge demand for timber. Indeed, it is disturbing to note that the national forest cover has for the last five years declined by more than 4 percent despite the fact that our forest region, particularly in the southern United States, is one of the most spectacular and productive in the world (Drummond & Loveland, 2010). Forest experts have singled out forest tree cutting as the foremost contributing factor to this worrying trend. As the governor of this state, it is my duty and responsibility to lead in conserving our environment and, indeed, our trees. Nature and experience have demonstrated to us how wanton destruction of forest cover and environmental degradation can be unforgiving to the human race, and we all know of the profound negative effects that forest tree cutting may bring to this nation. It is within our knowledge that forest tree cutting, otherwise known as deforestation, will cause extinction to some wonderful species that depend on the forest cover, not mentioning that it will enhance changes to climatic conditions, propel desertification, and ultimately displace human populations (Drummond & Loveland, 2010). This must never be allowed to happen. Global warming is an issue that world leaders are currently contending with, and its genesis can be traced to the wanton destruction of our forest cover. A fundamental array of ecological services, including water sources, wildlife habitats, biodiversity, and magnificent recreational sites, ultimately depend on how well the forest cover, specifically trees, will be conserved by the current generation for future generations. Yet, the aggressive invasions of trees by the human race for slight economic gains poses a looming threat to the country’s critical forest resources. It is within my knowledge that some individuals and companies, driven by their inordinate desire to enrich th
Introduction Some people claim that internet piracy is a crime without a victim. They argue that users do not take tangible products, so no one gets hurt. Some people see this as a platform for sampling what they will eventually buy. Alternatively, some people claim that they only pirate content that they would not purchase. These arguments fail to recognize the unethical side of the practice. Pirating digital products, they abuse the rights (copyright) of the concerned entity. They prevent artists, writers, producers, and other copyright holders from reaping the full rewards of their efforts. Furthermore, users rarely purchase physical copies of a product after using its digital copy. Several laws and policies have been put up to curb piracy. One law that focuses on internet piracy is SOPA or Stop Online Piracy Act. This law eliminates the trafficking of counterfeits or copyrighted material. It has assisted stakeholders in knowing the measures to take to slow down piracy or eliminate it. Internet piracy Internet piracy refers to the process of sharing copyrighted works through P2P (peer to peer) networks. This material may include video games, movies, music, software and digital books. This habit began in the 1990s when MP3s came into the scene. Individuals realized that they could compress material and still retain the original quality in these file formats. They started sharing their material using Napster, which was a peer to peer application (Ramayah, Ahmad, Chin & Lo, 2009). When the invention of CD burner came up, more people continued to download free material from the internet and duplicating them into multiple copies. Hacking has increased as seen through several high profile cases concerning the internet. Some people participate in internet piracy for commercial purposes, and these are the main targets of antipiracy legislations. They cause enormous losses to the companies responsible for making original material (Singer, 2012). Other parties may engage in internet piracy for their reasons. Such parties may not benefit economically from their file sharing or downloading. However, they still cause enormous economic damages to copyright owners. Eventually, whole industries may end up lacking the financial backing required to make future products. Copyright owners argue that single copyright infringement may appear harmless, but over a long time, this process ro
In the contemporary world, trauma has become a common occurrence mainly due to the increase in violent acts that are aired by the media. It does not necessarily mean that one has got to witness a live event for it to become traumatic. Literature and the psychoanalytic theory interconnect in their attempt to explain how trauma comes about by using the qualities of knowing and not knowing. In the article “Unclaimed Experience”, the qualities of knowing and not knowing have been shown to clearly yield into post-traumatic stress disorder, plainly stated as trauma. While witnessing an event, one does not know what they are seeing until it becomes a frequent nightmare in one’s life. To some extent, individuals know what they are seeing in terms of physical description but they do not know the extent of what they are seeing until it becomes a constant reminder of the event that is engraved in their eyes (Caruth 10). This is what transforms into trauma, and it is also at this point that the language of literature manifests itself. An example of a soldier, who in a numbed state witnesses the sudden and massive death around him, shows that the soldier does not observe what is happening around him in his right state of mind (Caruth 11). The language of literate and the psychoanalytic theory of trauma both meet in their explanation of how trauma comes about. It is through the act of not knowing either due to shock or powerlessness but very much knowing through awareness of what is happening that leads to trauma. In order for an event to be traumatic, it has to create that notion of unknowing within oneself such that whatever one does at the time is not based on a rational decision. In the example of the soldier, he became numb and was not able to do anything. However, later on, he relived this experience in frequent nightmares. The psychoanalytic theory of trauma has been postulated by various physicians, psychiatrists and psychoanalysts as an experience that overwhelms a person beyond his or her recognition to the extent that he or she becomes disoriented and extricated from his or her body (Levine and Maggie 4). Trauma also overwhelms individuals in the form of fate or a series of painful events that cannot be controlled. Such an example is the story by Tasso “in his romantic epic Gerusalemme Liberata” (Caruth 2). The history of the Jews by Sigmund Freud, “Moses and Monotheism”, the psychoanalytic theory of trauma shows that the foundation of the Jewish nation was associated with the traumatic experience by Moses. Thus Freud says that despite the persecutions, he is surprised at how the Jewish have turned out (Caruth 12). According to Freud, the most important thing in the history of the Jewish from captivity to return to freedom is not the later but the repression of Moses’ murder and its effects. The trauma around the deeds of Moses is very fundamental here. In the film Udaan, without knowing it, Rohan becomes a victim to events around him but on a conscious mind that shows he is aware of what is happening. As earlier stated, when individuals succumb to
Introduction According to Blackler and Mooney (2007), the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive illness that is described by airflow impediments that are not reversible. The airflow obstructions are occasionally linked to the damage of lung parenchyma. COPD comprises diverse diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema. Its prevalence varies greatly because it is underdiagnosed by the majority of people. In addition to its symptoms being hard to diagnose, the majority of the nurses and doctors lack enough information concerning appropriate primary care. According to Calverley and Pride (1995), COPD, a smoking disease, is the sixth disease that causes human deaths in the world. Physiology of COPD The majority of the people get COPD via gaseous exchange. The intake of polluted air or air full of dust contributes significantly towards an individual contracting COPD. The other fact concerning COPD is that it is also a genetic disease; it passes from parents to offspring (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1986). Typical symptoms of COPD Individuals suffering from COPD not only experience difficulties in breathing but also cough strenuously and produce chronic mucus. COPD also affects an individual’s physical performance; the majority of the person suffering have difficulties in carrying out their activities. In sum, a person suffering from COPD not only produces sputum regularly but also a wheezing sound when breathing in and out (Currie, 1991). Etiology of COPD Studies have shown a high relation between smoking of cigarettes and the contracting of COPD. According to MacNee (2004), it is also evident that increase in age contributes to severity of COPD. Majority of the individuals above the age of 65 have been found so susceptible to it compared to those below the age of 65. Research carried in the UK proves COPD as gender sensitive disease; it affects men more than women. However, the difference can be explained by the high number of male smokers as compared to women (Miller, 1980). In addition, malnutrition contributes significantly towards individuals contracting COPD. It leads to the lungs of the fetus not developing fully thus resulting to it suffering from lung infections. Inhalation of polluted air produced by automobiles or solid fuel used also play a significant role towards advancing the occurrence of COPD on the inhalers (Martinez and Wedzicha, 2009). Management of COPD Management of COPD is mandatory as lack of this translates to early death of the affected. Management of COPD requires an individual to take appropriate measures in daily activities. For instance, it is crucial for COPD patients to reduce the number of exacerbations by ta
Following the signing of the budget that cuts the funding of California State University, many changes have been witnessed. The idea was introduced only three years ago, but tremendous changes have been experienced in the systems of education in this country, especially in the California State University. According to McMahon (84), California State University is the largest system that offers higher education to both the residents and the non-residents in the country. The university is widely known for the quality teaching it offers to its learners. The education in this university is affordable and diversified to meet the daily changing needs of the people of California. The university has over twenty campuses which support over 400, 000 learners. Geiger (52) says that, apart from offering learning opportunities to many, the university also offers many employment opportunities. Initially, the university was funded by the state, but since the year 2011, following the final decision by Governor Brown, Funding of the California State University has been left in the hands of the University administration. This research paper seeks to explore the merits and demerits of lowering the tuition in the California State University. According to Hernon (43), following ‘the baby boom’, the education sector has been experiencing challenges due to the increased number of learners. The California State University is one of the education systems that have seriously experienced an increased number of learners. Lowering tuition is very important to a nation that aims at offering learning opportunities for all. This idea will allow both the rich and the poor to acquire equal education opportunities. According to Hoffman and Randal (76), lowering the tuition eliminates the avenues of social discrimination as it provides a picture of where both the poor and the rich dine in the same table. This will consequently solve any social discrimination-related problems in the country. Equal learning opportunities lead to equal employment opportunities. This implies that the job employment positions that used to be dominated by the rich learned individuals can also be occupied by the poor but learned individuals with the same or better qualifications than the rich. Lowering of the tuition will help the university meet its financial needs. This is so because; lowered tuition will allow many people to enroll in the University hence generating more cash for the university. The availability of a continuous flow of money for this university will help it pay its employees and meet other expenses since the funding by the state is no more. Although the lowering of tuition has several advantages, it also has its demerits. According to O’Brien (54), the increased number of people increases the number of learners in this university. This is so because lowering tuition makes it easier for many to afford educat
Scholars and practitioners agree that Canada has numerous artifacts that serve as lenses through which to view certain features of the Canadian culture as are created by humans of diverse cultural orientations to provide information-rich in cultural context (Mackey 368). This short paper assesses the totem pole cultural artifact. To many Canadians, the totem poles are cultural artifacts or “…monuments created by First Nations of the Pacific Northwest to represent and commemorate ancestry, histories, people, or events” (University of British Columbia para. 1). The origins of totem poles construction in Canada are not known, but no examples of poles carved before 1800 exist due to the easy degradation of red cedar – a malleable wood that is used as the primary raw material in the creation of this group of cultural artifacts (Totem Poles para. 1). Most totem poles average between 3 and 20 meters in height (Mackey 370; University of British Columbia para. 5), and are either two-dimensional or three-dimensional (Totem Poles para. 6). Irrespective of dimension, most of these artifacts are maintained within a complex design system that was developed by Northwest Coast Native Peoples “…over many thousands of years, as evidenced by stone and bone artifacts uncovered in archeological studies which display clear examples of the same design” (Totem Poles para. 6). In construction and decoration, extant literature shows that the “Northern” style of the totem poles, which is characteristically related to Canadians of Northwestern British Columbia, uses colors that are almost entirely limited to black, red and turquoise (Totem Poles para. 7). To demonstrate that cultural artifacts attempt to provide information about a particular group of people or cultural outfit, the Wakashan and Coast Salish-speaking peoples of Southern British Columbia, who inhabit the Vancouver Island and the nearby mainland, employ elaborate utilization of colors (e.g., black, red, white, turquoise, green, yellow, etc.) to create totem poles with dramatic thunderbirds and crest figures (Totem Poles para. 12). In all the instances, however, “…the surface finish consists of thousands of fine adze cuts incised in parallel lines that cover all the unpainted surfaces of the pole and follow the contours of the sculpture (Totem Poles para. 15). As mentioned earlier, most totem poles are normally made from red cedar, a malleable wood comparatively plentiful in the Pacific Northwest (University of British Columbia para. 1). In the Canadian context, the uses and functions of totem poles are as diverse as the cultures that create them. Certainly, the functions of these artifacts resonate along a continuum from a celebration of cultural beliefs (e.g., communicating familiar legends, clan lineages or notable events) on the one hand, to artistic presentations (e.g., communicating artistry and beauty) on the other hand (Mackay 380). Extant literature demonstrates that “…most
Introduction and Claim Education systems continue to change within the global perspective. Technology and globalization have played crucial roles in initiating these changes. Home schooling is one of the key innovative techniques that have emerged. There are various benefits accrued to this system of schooling (Houston & Toma 920). Nonetheless, the system of home schooling remains highly debatable. Whilst the system has many supporters, there are also parties that highly oppose it. It is clear that being a new system; the concept is likely to face grievous challenges and opposition. Most authorities base their educational systems on transparent structures supported by legal government agencies. Evidently, this enables the ease of information transfer. Apart from this, monitoring of learning activities can be done from a focal point. Proper and effective organizational procedures are also observed within the public learning systems. These highlight some of the fundamental disparities between the new home schooling public schooling approaches. Despite these differences, many people presently prefer the home schooling strategy (Romanowski 79). Indicatively, information and communication technology, (ICT) has played a crucial role. Through application of relevant technology, most people can now access universal and advanced learning materials online. This process is independent and can even occur within very remote areas. This is a Rogerian essay exploiting the different arguments and debates about the home schooling system. Background Parents and other stakeholders are able to save a lot from the home schooling system. There are economic gains due to reduced costs associated with travelling, school levies, uniforms, and outside meals (Sweetland 8). Generally, the system allows parents to increase on their savings while maximizing their monitoring techniques on the children. In this system, teachers, mentors or facilitators are hired as external consultant. This provides room for flexibility and adaption. Particularly, this benefit relates to the learner and the person offering knowledge. Dispensation is not limited or restricted to specific times or period. The learner and the facilitator are able to twist or manipulate the learning times in a way that satisfies their comfort and schedule. Most investigations indicate that the learning capacity of students within highly restricted public school systems might be compromised (Houston & Toma 924). Normally, this occurs due to diverse factors. For instance, students might feel the systems are punitive and corrective. Therefore, home schooling offers the most suitable and comfortable environment for the academic development of learners. Generally, the benefits of home schooling are diverse, just like those of the public education systems. Proposition, Opposition, Strengths and Weaknesses Psychological investigations indicate the significance of guidance and counselling in enhancing a learner’s capacity. Specifically, this relates to counselling processes that might arise from close relatives such as parents. Most parents and guardians are more likely to enjoy. This is
Introduction From a psychological point of view, the human memory may be said to be the capability on one to store a piece of information and retain or recall it as of when appropriate. The study of this very important phenomenal started with philosophers’ investigation of such possibilities as an artificial enhancement of the memory. Over the years, particularly by the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, there was a lot already done by scholars particularly in the area of cognitive psychology’s paradigm. Knowledge of memory has developed so rapidly of late so that it is the fundamental pillar of cognitive neurosciences. With the rapid development of cognitive psychology, there are several alternatives to testing of one’s brain. These include testing for audio receptivity or for image receptivity, or for both. This paper is a report of a test of memory for visual receptivity and retentiveness through a conceptual model that was designed to help retain pictured images. The Concepts of Working Memory, Short-term Memory, and Long-term Memory For one to articulately understand the concepts of working-memory, short-term-memory, and long-term-memory in present days, he or she has to streamline the three memory types to specifics of what constitutes or makes a difference or similarity in working-memory, short-term-memory, and long-term-memory (Schacter, 1996). This, of course, is because there are numerous confusing arguments regarding the three from different scholars. From a general point of consideration, however, short-term memory constitutes 2 distinct properties including a demonstration of chunk-capacity limits, and the ability to decay temporarily. There is equally a significant controversy on the differences between these 2 properties (Schacter, 1996). One’s understanding of the concept of working memory is therefore build around 3 slight discrepancies. These discrepancies, according to Atkinson & Shiffrin include ‘short-term memory applied to cognitive tasks, a multi-component system that holds and manipulates information in short-term memory, and the