ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Jane “Bitzi” Johnson Miller is running for election in Texas and she is considered to be a worthy opponent. Her chances of winning are rather high as she is a republican and is the granddaughter of former governor Joe “Big Daddy” Johnson. As she was born in Texas and lived all her life there, she is very well aware of the matter of things and political atmosphere that is present in Texas. She is divorced and is a mother of two children. This is an important point because it means that she has great managerial skills since she is able to control and raise two children, being a single parent. The fact that she had a software company in Dallas in 1993, and was able to raise $2.5 million by selling it to “Dell”, proves that she knows how to organize and develop a company. These skills are very much needed in running Texas and can prove to be extremely beneficial in her campaign. She has shown to be very patriotic and is determined to create best conditions possible for her fellow Americans. Cultural and Regional Support Jane Miller will meet different support in parts of Texas according to people’s values and beliefs. From previous elections it is possible to assume that the northern part of Texas will support Jane because their preferences are republican. The southern counties are mostly democratic, so she is bound to meet some opposition there. As the majority of Texas has previously elected republican candidates, there should not be any doubt or worry that she will be successful in her campaign. The South part borders with Mexico and this can be problematic because the Hispanic population has somewhat shifted their views from republican to democratic (Stiles, 2010). This is due to a more lenient immigration policy that democrats have been offering in the past election campaign. It would prove beneficial for Jane Miller to include a reform or policy change that addresses the issue. If she is able to have the support of people with Mexican background, she will greatly increase her chances of winning the election. At the same time, it is important she stays true to her republican beliefs and does not get involved in the immigration issue too deep. This could be detrimental to the rest of Texans’ views and they could become disappointed with Miller. She must stay very culture oriented because Americans value their heritage and unique origins. The fact that she has lived in Texas for a long time will help her in determining cultural specifics and traditional preferences. Demographic Support The North East part of Texas is most populated, so the amount of votes will greatly exceed those of the South and West. As Texas is a second largest state, the amount of people living in the industrial area is significantly higher (Nagengast, 2009). The determination should focus on communicating to people who want to get involved with the developing regions. People who are looking for employment could also be targeted, as the mostly populated area of Texas has well established corporations and businesses. Another possible avenue could target construc
Introduction The duties performed by assistant managers vary according to the types of different organizations. Assistant managers may assume the roles of managers when the managers are absent. They are important in coordinating functions of different offices and departments as well controlling all the employees of an organization. One of the most important functions of assistant managers is leadership (Performance Appraisal 5). They are required to develop good leadership by being a good example to other employees. They are also important in delegating duties to other employees in the absence of managers. Case A As an assistant manager, Ms Fatema is supposed to oversee the operations of the club by being in touch with all the other employees. It is also her responsibility to ensure that the members of the club are satisfied. There have been complaints from the club members that small ants are destroying the lawns and Fatema has been working in the evenings and over the weekends to deal with the issue but no change has been witnessed. The fact that there has not been a change is an indication that there is a problem that needs to be solved in order to achieve the desired outcomes. One of the likely causes of Fatema’s poor performance is that she might have been communicating with the employees on what should be done using one-way communication method. For instance, the issue of the presence of small ants requires constant follow up to ensure that the employees assigned the work of eliminating the ants do their work. Best employee performance is achieved when assistant managers are involved in a discussion with the employees regarding their work. Employees are expected to meet the requirements of their jobs (Delpo 46). An appropriate solution for this problem is for Ms. Fatema to engage the employees who are supposed to do the work in a discussion. In such a discussion, they will assess their own performance and set the goals they want to achieve themselves. Such a move will compel them to take responsibility of their work and be ready to achieve the goals even in the absence of the assistant manager. In the end, they will eliminate the small ants that the members of the club have been complaining about. Another potential cause of Fatema’s poor performance is that she might not have focused on whether the employees have the required skills to prevent the ants from doing the destruction or not. The employees might do their best to deal with the problem but if they do not have the required skills, the problem will persist. It is the responsibility of Fatema as the assistant manager to ensure that the employees are skilled enough to deal with the problem. She can solve this problem by ensuring that the employees assigned the duty have the required skills. To avoid poor performance, Fatema should make sure that employees are offered training sessions and encouraged to develop essential skills. By so doing, they will perform their work effectively hence s
Introduction The word “money” has been defined differently by many people throughout history. The role and nature of money have been changing within the past ten centuries. People have been using different forms of money. Barter trade entailed the use of commodities and goods. People could exchange such commodities depending on their needs. Money has been a powerful force in the establishment of many communities and social relationships (Weber, 1904). This essay describes how the purpose and significance of money have changed within the past years. The essay also describes how my ideas about money have evolved during the term. Definition of Money Money is, therefore, defined “as a medium that can be used to purchase specific services and goods” (Weber, 1904, p. 3). Money is used by people to measure the value of assets, commodities, and services in different markets. Money can take various shapes, such as coins, notes, gold, and checks. Personally, I think money is a medium that makes it easier for people to purchase different commodities. Money is also a sign of power and autonomy. It makes it possible for individuals to get whatever they want. I also believe that money has a powerful role in modern society. Money brings people together. It has become a strong force that can make or break human relationships. The role and significance of money in society should never be interpreted lightly. How the Purpose and Significance of Money has Changed Historically The history of the world cannot be described effectively without identifying the function of money. Many ancient societies and communities lived without money. Such societies functioned effectively. For example, the Inca Empire of South America never used money (Ferguson, 2008). This community focused on the aesthetic value of rare metals such as gold. However, the history of the world changed when people began to monetize different commodities. After a few decades, governments were established, thus resulting in the creation of credits by financial institutions. Such banks could not use precious metals and other commodities. The above historical development “led to the creation of bonds” (Ferguson, 2008, p. 65). The bond would become the greatest revolution in the history and evolution of money. Throughout the 20 th century, the issue of property ownership became common in different parts of the world. A small number of people began to own property in an attempt to maximize their profits. The game of Monopoly shows the role played by money in the world today. Money has also been a critical aspect of our modern social system. For instance, some landlords have been collecting rents from poor tenants (Ferguson, 2008). People began to look for money through hard work. This fact explains why the middle class began to take
Introduction William Butler Yeats is one of the most renowned figures in British as well as world literature. His poems are full of symbolism and mystery, which are combined with clarity and divine power. The poet touched upon numerous topics. Love was one of the major themes in his works. “Never Give All the Heart” is one of such poems. It was written in 1905. The poem is a response to the poet’s romantic disappointment. The woman he loved, Maud Gonne, got married and broke Yeats’ heart (Ross 170). This poem is a reflection of the poet’s romantic experience revealed with the help of a number of expressive symbols and literary devices which create the mysterious atmosphere of the world of emotions. The ‘Surface’ of the Poem As has been mentioned above, the poem is a result of the poet’s sad romantic experience. The woman he loved broke his heart and the poet warns other people to be more careful. The major theme of the poem is unhappy love and the way to love. The poet claims that a person can never lose one’s head, otherwise he/she is likely to lose his/her heart in the game called ‘love’. Yeats is regarded as a great Symbolist poet who managed to make every word meaningful and symbolic. The poem in question is an example of the poet’s style. The poem is full of symbols and hidden meanings. It is also necessary to note that though the poem was written in 1905 when Modernism was flourishing, the piece under consideration is traditional in form, just like the majority of the poet’s works (Ross 170). Therefore, the poet warns people in a very symbolic but, at the same time, explicit way. The Meaning and Symbolism One of the major symbols in the poem is the symbol of the play, called ‘love’. The poet warns people that it is dangerous to play the game, especially if a person is completely devoted to the one he/she loves, “And who could play it well enough / If deaf and dumb and blind with love?” (Yeats 79). The poet compares love to a game. On the one hand, the play means a variety of rules and conventions which people have to follow. Glances, smiles, kisses of “smooth lips” and “brief, dreamy, kind delight” can be regarded as different tactics to play the game (Yeats 79). Apart from this, there is another symbol. In the poem, the heart also stands for a stake, “He that made this knows all the co
Preface The authors of this book have established the effect of Reuschling’s classic models on the evangelical ethics. These models are controversial in a Christian point of view. The book outlines the ethics on Jesus Christ and the Church.The author seeks to discredit the manner in which Reuschling has constituted evangelical ethics. However, Reuschling seeks to steer the Christian religion from ridicule. In this regard, she has undertaken to establish a framework which will provide a model manifest of the kingdom of God. She argues that the Christian faith is compelling for the Christians because the ideas it offers to the believers transcend the norm. The ideas of Christianity are more appealing compared to the ideologies of Kant, Mill and Aristotle. The book will provide sufficient analysis of Reuschlng’s success. This book will reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the evangelicalism. Introduction Evangelicalism refers to the commitment, fortitude and devotion towards the gospel. This aspect is manifest in personal faith in God. This is an understanding of scriptural message, which gives a person divine authority to teach , evangelize and exhort people to follow Jesus Christ. Reuschling’s strength is that she is committed to giving a sound approach to evangelical ethics. She does not concentrate on minor doctrines, which do not relate to the broad subject of evangelism. Reuschling bears criticism in the sense that she took part in laying more emphasis on a hybrid social gospel than personal holiness. She argues that the ethics of Christianity have become a relative issue, whereby personal opinion supersedes standard morals in society. In addition, the people have been called upon, to take a hard line positions with regard to the evangelical ethics crafted by Reuschling. However, liberals and secularists outlined challenges which gave rise to fundamentalism. This culminated in a radical change from a religious initiative to a social political entity, in evangelicalism. The American vision has brought a reminiscence of Biblical Christianity in the modern world. This owes to the fact that many people have advocated for “red politics” instead of the gospel of Jesus Christ. In this regard, Reuschling has come up with legacies pertaining to the American evangelism. These legacies border the historical and social aspect of evangelicalism. The legacies highlight the issues pertaining to duty, utility and virtue of ethics. The first legacy is the commitment to the Bible in order to get moral and divine guidance. The second legacy is that the conversion of multitudes of people to Christ is a land mark achievement of all time. The third achievement is the emphasizing of personal piety to be the guarantee of moral integrity. According to Reuschling, the American evangelicals are myopic in the aspect of salvation resulting to flaws in the corporate ethics (Reuschling, 2008, 45). She argues that the evangelicals hold unto a false believe that
Considered one of the oldest empires in the world, the Mongol empire existed between the 13th and 14th centuries after originating from steppes in Central Asia. The existence of the empire was due to the efforts of Taizu, Borjigin Temujin, also identified as Genghis Khan, who the empire considers the greatest military leader. With the rising population over the years, the empire grew drastically stretching to the Sea of Japan from central Europe. With Genghis Khan at the helm of management, the Mongolia Empire was able to unify its nomadic tribes in 1206. In addition, the continuous population growth of the empire posed major threats to the surrounding communities as the empire leaders invaded the neighboring communities from all directions. These attacks constitute the major reasons for the growth of the empire over time. The empire was insensitive to the cultural values of the neighboring communities like Chinese and went ahead to distrust the influence of the neighbors. With these factors, most of the local communities considered the Mongol empire as the barbarians whose interests were mainly maiming, destroying, and killing (Ibn et al. 101). Considering the quest of the empire to retain the northern and southern China, it damaged these two territories considerably leading to loss of lives. China’s population declined due to these attacks. Besides the killing of the Chinese, the Mongols abolished the civil service tests, which the Chinese considered one of their elementary institutes. The institution remained closed until 1315 when the Mongols reopened it. However, the Chinese were no longer officialdom of the institution. In 1271, the Mongolian empire founded the Yuan Dynasty of the Great Yuan Great Mongol State under the leadership of Kublai Khan from the clan of Mongolia Borjigin (Polo, Marsden, and Corbino 230). The major change brought by the dynasty was the proclamation of the traditional Chinese style, which had a great impact on the culture of the Mongolians. The dynasty significantly contributed to the culture of the Mongolians and the perceptions they had about the Chinese people. Even though the dynasty contributed to the integration of the two cultures, Chinese and Mongolian, some clans like khanates isolated themselves to control some parts of modern China and Mongolia. In a bid to prevent the erosion of their culture and language, the Mongolians emperors, especially from the Yuan, did not master the Chinese dialectal but rather resorted to their local dialectal and Phag-pa scripts. In the history of the Chinese, the Yuan Dynasty was the first foreign dynasty to exercise authority in their land (Polo, Marsden, and Corbino 234). When the Mongolian potentates adopted and coined the name ‘dynasty,’ it validated the Mongolian rule in China through the integration of the government and political replacement of t
The book Why I am a Muslim written by Asma Hasan discloses the position of Muslims living in the USA. The author tried to show the peculiarities of Islamic religion and its interactions with American society and its traditions. Hasan disclosed her biography as a Muslim woman living in America trying to connect it with historical stories and religious aspects. She managed to underline God’s attitude to people and the way they are united through Islamic religion. According to Hasan global functions of religion are considered to be the following:   * Ethical source;   * Religion is to explain the world;   * It is to engender a community sense; Quran is perceived as the basic elements of sound ethics; the author managed to disclose modern interactions of Muslim rules and American democracy. God’s perception and expectation of human beings are based on their mutual understanding and relation with religion. “ Islam does not preach violent aggression against one’s enemies. Do you honestly think I would be Muslim if that were true? ” The book discloses the fact that it is Muhammad who created Islam, though he is the massager of the religion. God is the only founder of this religion. The author tried to compare female Islam experience in the USA culture and traditions atmosphere. According to the religion of Muslims relations between God and people are holy, unique, and individual. “ When a Muslim prays, it is between him and God. There are no clergy that must conduct the relationship…” Islamic vision of society is God-centered. Quran states that people are to keep God in their consciousness and be aware of Judgment Day. The power of God is to proclaim the sins committed against the will of religion. Hasan highlighted the peculiarities of Islamic jurisprudence which is also based on the principles of religion. She notes that pregnant women who are lonely, unmarried have no right to have a child because it can be regarded as criminal action followed by punishment. This fact is explained by the will of God interpreted in the Islamic religion. “… a legal fiction of sorts, designed to discourage adultery but unenforceable on its face” The difficulties of Hasan’s life in the USA being a Muslim provided her with a broad experience. She tried to show similar elements uniting Americans and Muslims such as freedom of speech, but the power of religion remembered about profound differences. So, as a matter of conclusion, the author underlined the most important issues as to relations between people and God in the Muslim religion. The analysis of this book allows evaluating Hasan’s vision of the Americans and Muslims unity. She disclosed the power of God and the impact of this power on human beings’ life activities. The basic element of Islamic belief is complete harmony between people and God.
Introduction The changing lifestyle leaves elderly people wondering about the relevance of some aspects of the new generation’s lifestyle. Saudi Arabia still has strong attachments to its traditions, which are dictated by their Muslim religion. This is the main reason why families still value the opinions of the elderly, especially their contribution to the lives of the younger generation. Despite this importance, the younger generation is slowly losing their interest in elderly people’s point of view. This may be attributed to diversity, education, integration of cultures, and the influence of technology on how the younger generation perceives issues. These contradicting views between the younger generation, their parents, and their grandparents lead to questions regarding the influence and relevance of the elderly participants in the upbringing of their grandchildren. A focus on the possibility of a peaceful co-existence between these two-generation leads to this paper’s research question: what is the perception of the Saudi Arabian elderly on the new generatio
Introduction According to Sharma (2006), the development of knowledge relies on performing research and retrieving more information than the one that is available. Additionally, these scientific procedures allow scientists to solve problems and answer questions (Sharma, 2006). It is, therefore, prudent to depict the necessity of science research. For instance, I have noticed that the growth of grass is much slower after winter in a situation where salt is poured to melt ice than in other places. I wonder why the growth of salted grass becomes slower than unsalted grass after winter. In a bid to answer this question, I will suggest experiential research through scientific techniques. Hypothesis I needed a research hypothesis to reach the goal of answering the question. I could have assumed that salt did not have any influence on the growth of grass. However, this hypothesis was not testable. Consequently, I hypothesized that the application of salt on grass inhibits the proper growth of grass. This hypothesis could be tested. Prediction An experiment could be set to approve the testable alternative hypothesis. If the grass grows slowly when salt is applied, then it could be concluded that salt has effects on the growth of grass. Contrary, if there are no differences between the controlled setup and the treated setup, then it could be concluded that salt does not influence grass growth. The results would disprove the null hypothesis and either approve or disapprove of the alternative hypothesis. Controlled Experiment Testing this hypothesis requires two setups. Grass would be grown in similar conditions. After growth and development, the grass could be trimmed or burned to leave the roots as the only survival mechanism. Two setups could be established where some grass is treated with salt and the other is left untreated. The length of grass would be recorded at intervals of two weeks for three months. It is, therefore, clear that the six lengths of grass would be collected for each setup. Results The results could be similar to the ones tabulated below in table 1. If the results support the alternative hypothesis, it is expected that treated grass grows slowly. Therefore, the length of the grass is expected to be less than that of the control experiment. The results of table 1 show that the grass was not able to grow after salt application. What would have caused the absolute failure? After the first month, the grass started to grow at a much slower rate than the control. The growth continued uniformly until the third month. Table 1. Week period  Length of untreated grass in inches  Length of treated grass in inches 0-2          1                                    0                                 2-4          1.5                                  0                                 4-6          2                                    0.3                               6-8          2.6