ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Before 1800, European statesmen did not consider African continent as a fascinating continent and did not find it a challenging filed for “civilizing missions” but instead a relatively simple configuration on the world map, then commonly referred to “the dark continent,” although some parts were of specific major strategic interest. Ever since the latter half of the 15 th century, the trading-posts set-up along African coastlines had been involved in the conflicts between rival European powers. But it was not until towards the end of the 18 th century that certain African territories came to be seen by imperialists and politicians in Europe as areas of interest. Two interdependent signs of progress, neither of which had anything to do with Africa, can be attributed to the change in perception towards Africa. In Asia, the British were finding their stake in India increasingly profitable and were therefore prepared to accept a steady expansion of their responsibilities. In Britain and France, the emergence of the Revolutionary war in 1793 intensified the already bitter relationship between Britain and France. In this situation, the sea routes, which connected Africa to Asia became the British routes important for the sustenance of their nation’s economic prosperity and for the obvious French targets in time of war (Haslett 461). Looking at history, it is evident that the expanding foreign trade was a major ingredient of the British to developing an interest in Africa, which was potential for commercial expansion of the European industries. The protection of British merchants and the creation of new commercial opportunities could thus be regarded as important aspects of overall British strategy. Thus, Britain trade with Africa grew tremendously during the 19 th century, as British merchants developed an interest in the novel commodities offered by their old customers in West and South Africa, found new openings such as that offered by Zanzibar, and broke into the markets of Egypt and Morocco from which they had been virtually left out by local limitations during the 18 th century. Towards the end of the 19 th century, trade with African territories formed an insignificant percentage of the total British economy, and Africa was longer expeditious in commercial terms. Remarkably, as according to Ades (154), France was the only other European country to make a major impact on Africa during this period change the attitude of other European countries towards Africa. Cases like the conquest of Algeria, the expansion in Senegal under Faidherbe, the creation of close ties with Egypt, and the growth of a vigorous settler population in Reunion, greatly changed the perception of Africa. However, the French interests were less of commerce, though Frenc
Background The idea of creating a partnership is getting increasingly more attractive to a range of organizations operating in the context of the global economy. Indeed, due to the need to develop a strong competitive advantage and expand in the target market acquiring new customers, an organization needs substantial support from another entrepreneurship. Even corporate giants form collaborations to attract a new audience and create product awareness after recent rebranding, as the case of Microsoft and National Football League (NFL) has shown. Despite the fact that the organizations are having significant troubles with the issues related to brand awareness, as well as the faults in technology, the partnership is likely to result in positive outcomes as soon as the PR issues are addressed. Benefits and Disadvantages of Alliance Benefits Promotion Although both brands became household names a while ago, it will be a sensible step to carry out a new promotion campaign that will shake the dust off of the companies’ marketing department. By using the devices created by the Microsoft Corporation, the members of the NFL will advertize the products to the football fans. Similarly, with a clever marketing campaign, the NFL organization will be able to attract the attention of Microsoft users to its products. Thus, the collaboration is likely to have a mutual positive effect on the companies’ PR processes. Customer Satisfaction The innovative solutions that Microsoft is able to deliver to its target audience are bound to increase customer satisfaction rates significantly. Specifically, the needs of fans will be met once the IT tools will provide them with an opportunity to experience the game “from the comfort of their living rooms” (Chansanchai, 2014). Thus, the NFL organization will be able to attract an increasingly larger fan base, therefore, expanding further into the target market. As far as the Microsoft Organization is concerned, the chances that it will offer for both fans and coaches will make people appreciate its brand devices even more. The firm will provide its customers an opportunity to participate in the fantasy football (FF) more actively. For instance, it is expected that 74.7 people will engage in FF in 2016, which is 130% compared to the 2014 data (57 million participants) (Bregsler, 2015). New Products The cooperation between the organizations has also allowed MS to brand its new product known as HoloLens. Although immediately marked as a rip-off of Google Glass and Oculus, it proved to have its own unique flavor (O’Connor, 2015), and it is currently expected to generate a $150-profit by 2020 (Gaudiosi, 2015). Although promoting its products in the same way is going to be rather problematic for NFL, the organization will still be capable of keeping the focus on some of its recent goods, such as clothes and sports inventory (T-shi
Introduction Research concerning the theoretical approaches that teachers can employ to foster full learning potential of gifted students provides evidence pertaining to some myths about the applicability of some educational programmes for gifted students. One of the myths is the perception that the programmes foster segregation of students into different groups based on their achievement levels and abilities, which are then replicated in their work environments (Loveless, 1998, p.17). This paper confirms that optimal achievement and development of students’ abilities are only possible upon development of programmes to ensure that students with gifts in certain areas of curricular learning and co-curricular activities develop their talents in education. This development occurs when they interact and/or compete with students with similar abilities. Placing students in groups that have similar achievements and ability levels in learning highlights the necessity of acceleration programmes. Acceleration and enrichment programmes are important where gifted students display their learning abilities that place the student one grade or even two grades ahead of his or her current grade (Loveless, 1998). Nevertheless, some gifted students may fail to yield good performance and achievement in areas of their strength. In such situations, counselling and mentoring programmes are important in helping to unveil the abilities of gifted students. Where students are in a grade with regard to their age, but not meeting their learning abilities and achievements, low learning motivation may influence full development of their talent potential. This paper presents ability grouping or achievement grouping, acceleration, mentoring, and counselling as important aspects that can be incorporated in any programme that seeks to address fully the needs of gifted students. It uses the four aspects to evaluate and analyse the ability and levels of a typical school programme (discussed in the context section) to meet the needs of students. The evaluation draws from existing scholarly literature on mentoring, counselling, acceleration, achievement grouping, and ability grouping programmes. Overview of Context The discussion of this paper draws from a typical school programme scenario for enhancing learning abilities of gifted students. In this context, gifted students refer to “those students with abilities that are sufficiently above the average learner that they require special provisions to achieve their potential” (Cox & Neil, 1984, p.47). The school is a comprehensive institution located in an urban area. It teaches 880 students from multicultural backgrounds, mainly Caucasian, Asians, and Islanders. It celebrates higher regard for its exemplary performance in sports, cultural pursuits, and technology areas. The school appreciates the contribution of gifted students in respective areas in
Brief description of Google Google is a multinational corporate entity that specializes in provision of internet solutions in diverse areas of engagement. Its realm of specialty embodies online advertising, web searching, cloud computing, and software technology. Its revenue emanates from online advertisement and other related forms of technological undertakings. Since its inception in 1998, this corporate entity has had numerous milestones that have defined its current inclination and presence in the market (Frost, 2012). Through strategic expansion and acquisition, Google has managed to entrench its presence with regard to serving customers and satisfying its stakeholders. It is important to underscore Google’s quest for dominance in a highly volatile and competitive corporate landscape. Technology is usually dynamic and subject to recurrent transformation that makes it difficult for most organizations to sustain operations and profitability (Frost, 2012). However, Google records high profits due to its unique organizational culture and approach to challenges that manifest in the market. Google has a competitive advantage over other players in the market because of factors such as customer satisfaction and development of appropriate products. Its network of operational outfits offers the necessary support for actualization and propagation of basic ideals and aspirations that suffice with regard to its presence in the market (Frost, 2012). Google’s organizational culture Organizational culture plays an important role in realization of ideals that characterize operations within corporate entities. It is important for corporate entities to nurture appropriate cultural orientation in order to guarantee success in diverse areas of engagement. In absence of such deliberations, it would be difficult for organizations to propagate desirable existential parametrical thresholds. Superior organizational cultural practices are vital because they accentuate formulation of products and delivery of services (Frost, 2012). Google embodies dynamic and unique cultural patterns that bolster its desire for hegemony in the technology market. Its organizational culture has enabled the realization of desirable outcomes with regard to provision of technological solutions in the market. In order to achieve its objectives, the company institutes measures that guarantee sustenance of qualitative service delivery. It maintains quality and efficiency through creation of systems that ameliorate internet solutions for its clientele (Frost, 2012). The company hires personnel who possess skills in current technology and other areas that support its operations in the market. It guarantees a favourable working environment for its employees. This is an important aspect of its ability to dominate a highly competitive market segment. Goo
Introduction Gender issues such as equality between men and women and gender roles evoke strong reactions in the contemporary world. Much like race, ethnic, and class stereotypes, gender stereotypes, exclusion, and discrimination are central to politics in many countries. In particular, issues of feminist exclusion and discrimination characterized by a relatively low political participation of women remain unresolved and often elicit negative feelings in many societies. Additionally, these issues shape a society’s politics especially the policies of left-wing parties and feminist activist groups. For this reason, gender issues in contemporary societies require a cautious approach when addressing them. Gender issues, particularly gender equality, roles, relations, and political participation are common stereotypes despite the massive awareness campaigns and legislations on these issues. Ideally, studying gender aims at promoting knowledge about gender exclusion and discrimination as well as encouraging the respect of rights of minorities (Spence, 1993, p. 632). However, the high sensitivity and politics of gender issues with respect to economic, cultural as well as social inequalities are obstacles to studying gender. In addition, sample participation in gender studies is low; thus, decisive conclusions cannot be made. Future research should focus on understanding the gender roles within social contexts rather than on inequalities. Major Challenges to Studying Gender Most scholars studying gender issues focus on gender roles, as opposed to studying the broader gender identity along with its cultural, social, and economic aspects. In particular, social roles of each gender vary across culture; therefore, studies should focus cultural aspects. Stet and Burke study analyses the causes of social oppression against women as well as ways of fighting discrimination (1996, p.210). In addition, other studies focus on social feminist movements and analyses the causes of feminist political activity as opposed to focusing on the social, cultural and political background of gender disparities. In my view, the ever-increasing interests on gender roles face stiff opposition from cultures, which hamper effective study of gender issues. Indeed, masculinity and femininity are not only based on sexes but upon cultural and social conditions of an individual. Burke’s study shows that observed differences in social behaviors between women and men result from the cultural and cultural expectations of each gender (1991, p.838). Traits and temperaments that are normally linked to one sex are, in fact, present in all the sex groups. In addition, far more variability in roles or identities does exist within each gen
The issue of Canada’s monarchy is very controversial: the population of the country cannot come to the same conclusion whether it is fair and justified that the Queen of England remains to be the head of state. Current paper helps to comprehend the reasons of why it is necessary for the Queen of England to stay Canada’s head of state and define the points according to which it is time to for the Canadians to deprive Elizabeth II of this opportunity. The role of Queen Elizabeth II for Canada is crucial indeed: she, as a great politician, is able to establish high-quality relations with the representatives of different spheres of life, she performs a number of functions in the country, like its Sovereign, Colonel-in-Chief, and the patron of different organizations, that cannot be replaced, and remains to be a symbol of unity and power for the Canadian citizens and the whole world; however, for a long period of time, her duties are performed by a governor general, and it seems that the Canadians do not want to bother themselves with changing their priorities and become an independent from England political body. On the one hand, there are many reasons to support the leading positions of the Queen due to her abilities to gain control over any situation, demonstrate extreme success when political or economic instability destroys the whole countries, and become an example for millions of people around the whole world. On the other hand, Canada is an independent country with a number of provinces with its own history, culture, and traditions; and it is high time for Canada to forget that it used to be one of the English colonies and demonstrate its true autonomy and readiness to exist separately from the English influence. When the Canadians are posed the question if the Queen of England should not be Canada’s head of state, they face a number of challenges and try to find out as many counterarguments as possible. Many political experts and ordinary philosophers admit that such uncertainty or unwillingness to deprive Elizabeth II of her duties as the Sovereign of Canada may be based on the Canadians inabilities to change the complicated constitutional system that is implemented or the personal treatment of the citizens to this woman. People explain that “Queen Elizabeth II personifies the state, which means that she is the human face of our complex form of government. More than just a Head of State, the Queen represents the thousands of rules, regulations, and centuries of traditions” (Tidridge 71). In addition to such positive personal attitude of the Canadian citizens to the Queen of England, there are many other counterarguments that can be used in the statement that “Elizabeth II should not be Canada’s head of state”. For example,
Introduction The aim of this essay is to analyze Marriott Vacation Club International as a four-season timeshare resort. The concept of timeshare (vacation ownership) has evolved over the years to be a profitable venture for many entrepreneurs. Since 1960s, timeshare has gained popularity. Families who wanted vacation in the Alps every year bought shares from real estate investors. Rather than simply staying at the apartments, tourists purchased these resorts. This marked the beginning of timeshare resort, although it was difficult in the beginning. Marriot timeshare was established in 1984, a period that marked a new era in vacation ownership. Marriot introduced benchmark practices, quality and services in the industry. The company was responsible for customer-focused approaches to ensure that timeshare owners had increasingly flexible schedules with regard to when and how to spend vacations. The company shaped and introduced modern vacation practices known in the industry today (Marriott Vacations Worldwide, 2014). Definition The term timeshare emerged in the 1960s after the WW II to reflect vacation practices. Four families would jointly purchase houses for vacation purposes. They would then have exclusive right to use the property during one of the four seasons in a year. Families, however, took different vacations every year to ensure prime use of all seasons equally. Timeshare was based on trust. In most cases, vacation homes remained vacant most of the time because of limited vacation periods. This presented an opportunity for entrepreneurs (Kuratko, 2000) who would divide resort rooms into 1/50 th ownership. They allocated two weeks for resort upgrades and repairs and collected maintenance fees from owners. This business, however, was not easy to run because it evolved slowly. Later, the concept of timeshare spread to the US in 1970s because of large profits entrepreneurs made from selling resorts to owners for 52 weeks every year. The US model was regulated to ensure that it was a simple process for ownership transactions. The business model was based on fees from owners’ vacation payment and maintenance fees. Other companies later introduced rotation programs so that owners could experience different des
Students studying Computer Science in the university have a variety of careers to choose from. Students may become Web Designers, Programmers, Database Developers, Networking Professionals, Hardware Engineers, etc. Each of the careers has its challenges and opportunities, although some are relatively more difficult than others. For instance, being a hardware engineer presents challenges and opportunities in equal measure, and a person will indubitably like and dislike his job at the same time. This paper is an examination of the things that a hardware engineer may like and dislike in his job. Among the things that may make a computer hardware engineer dislike his/her job is the fact that it is sometimes difficult to identify a problem in a computer system. Despite the fact that there are some procedures to diagnose problems, a computer system that has malfunctioned may tire a hardware engineer before he/she identifies the specific problem. For instance, a computer may stop working, prompting the hardware engineer to establish whether it is the hard disk that has been damaged, the motherboard, the battery, or even the processor. It may prove tiring to eventually know what the exact problem is. Another thing that can make a computer engineer dislike his/her job is the fact that some parts of the computer system are difficult to repair. For instance, it may prove very hard to repair a damaged processor or to repair a disk drive that has malfunctioned. Additionally, in case the motherboard has problems, it will take great expertise in computer engineering to repair it. Thus a computer engineer may get discouraged if he/she tries to repair a computer part without success. This may even make the engineer feel like he/she has failed in his/her work. Lastly, a computer engineer working for individual clients may dislike his/her job due to trust issues. Computer laymen who bring their spoilt computers for repair may distrust him/her if, after the repair, the computer gets spoilt again. A layman may even think that the engineer has stolen some functioning parts. Despite all these difficulties, computer hardware engineering is a very rewarding career that is bound to make the person who practices it proud of it. One of the main reasons why a computer hardware engineer may like his/her job is because corporations respect computer hardware engineers and thus they have attractive packages for these professionals. Additionally, a large proportion of computer hardware engineers get satisfaction out of solving other people’s problems. This implies that apart from the monetary benefits that may come with repairing people’s computer hardware, the hardware engineer will be getting substantial satisfaction from helping people with their hardware problems. Additionally, while working with computer hardware, especially the motherboard, the hardware engineer gets substantial knowledge related to progr