ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The stories of Pops Foster and Chief Blue Cloud in wild scenes were introduced in an interesting manner. I was intrigued by these two stories that described the characters of musicians. Their skills give them fame as well as power to influence. Creativity was also inevitable in their careers. Music and Influence Pops Foster’s story in page 3 and 4 of Jazz Anecdotes, was a man with a talent in music and knew how to control people. Those under him got it rough for they had to stick to his commands. His words were final and he could not tolerate opposition. Even if his co-workers were dissatisfied with a certain performance, they had to admit that they fully enjoyed the music. His performance was unique in that they could play one song for a whole night (Crow 3). The skilled musicians, Pops Foster had a small band in Bear town. The Bear town in Illinois was mainly populated by miners who could attend the entertainment events. Their character of carrying drinking jugs was a community tradition. The appearance of the great artist was contrasting his role. He was described as untidy and was always chewing tobacco. He was a dictator in the band. His audience obeyed him in one accord. The performers played a single song but how they kept the audience from moving away was interesting. I think all the attendants loved him for the music. He had a great influence on what people did (Crow 3). Those who did not want to drink behind him still drank behind him. His evening band performances were characterized by wild behaviors. For instance, this man could make people drink from one jug from time to time. At some point he could point at his fans with a pistol. Another moment he could go to the bathroom and tell his audience to wait until he went back. His audience could remember his favorite song; yes we got No Bananas after 50 years time (Crow 3). Music and Creativity Jazz music caused people to do crazy things. In the story of Chief Blue Cloud in page 4 of Jazz Anecdotes, Wingy Manone was said to have got himself into an interesting hot band. Their uniforms were very complicated. They wore funny costumes during their performances. Their hairs were supposed to match Indian hairs which were very far to look alike. They had to look like the Indian chief and his wife. The only option which was left was to wear wigs on their heads. The imagery in this story was so clear until I felt as if I was also part of the show. Chief Blue Cloud was an Indian and the leader of the band (Crow 4). He was well skilled in playing a trombone. Music skills such as this man playing trombone show a big influence in a community or a society. The outgoing characters of the band are artistic in that they had to find ways to make the performance interesting. They were innovative in that their costumes were unique. Feather and beads made part of th
Anaphylactic shock refers to an extreme and life-threatening allergic reaction. It mainly involves a response to allergens such as food, latex, medications, and insect stings. Patients exhibit symptoms in various body systems, which occur within 5 to 30 minutes after exposure to an allergen (LoVerde et al., 2018). Generally, there is light-headedness, dizziness, and fainting. Respiratory signs include rapid respiration, difficulties in breathing, and shortness of breath. There are itchy swellings under the skin, and poor blood circulation leads to blue skin color. The patient has a swollen throat, hoarse voice, and coughs severally. There is vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and dysfunction of the myocardium leading to decreased blood pressure and cardiovascular collapse (LoVerde et al., 2018). In the gastrointestinal system, the patient experiences abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Some conditions such as severe asthma demonstrate similar symptoms as anaphylaxis. Diagnosis and differentiation of the condition from others are critical because it is a life-threatening reaction. Anaphylaxis is highly likely to be the issue if there are sudden onset and rapid progression of the symptoms and conditions, for example, difficulties in breathing or hypotension, detrimental to life. Moreover, changes on the skin such as urticaria, flushing, or angioedema are important too. Cardiac troponins can also be measured for a timely diagnosis in the emergency departments (Kounis et al., 2018). However, the diagnostic tests should never delay the management of the condition. If a nurse suspects anaphylactic shock, the first step is to give the patient an adrenaline auto-injector in the middle of the other thigh. The causative agent is carefully removed and the patient is put to lie down flat unless they are having difficulties breathing or are pregnant. A second injection is given in 5 to 15 minutes if there is no improvement. Mechanical ventilators and vasopressors are required in patients with compromised vascularity and respiratory issues. Secondary treatment includes administering glucocorticoids, fluids, and bronchodilators.
Ethics is one of the key concerns in nursing care since it defines rules of conduct and nursing values. The ANA Code of Ethics is a critical document that sets forward the standards of ethical nursing practice (Quinnipiac University Online, 2017). These standards can be applied to all activities involved in nursing care, including care management and coordination. The present paper will consider the relationship between the ANA Code of Ethics and care management and coordination in nursing. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, 2018), care coordination is a process of organizing patient care and sharing information with involved parties to achieve a higher quality of care and better patient outcomes. Effective care coordination can thus decrease healthcare costs and prevent hospital readmissions (Hollingsworth Forbes, 2014). It also helps to improve the continuity of care, which is essential to ensuring positive outcomes in the long term (Yoder, 2017). The revised Code of Ethics for Nurses supports the need for adequate care coordination through provisions 2, 4, and 8, which emphasize the nurses’ commitment to patients, obligation to promote health, and collaboration with other providers (Lachman, Swanson, & Winland-Brown, 2015; Winland-Brown, Swanson, & Lanchman, 2015). Thus, the Code shows that improving care coordination is a necessary part of ethical nursing practice. Care management is a concept related to care coordination, although it also includes other areas of nursing practice. The primary goal of care management is to improve the quality of care provided, thus reducing the population health burden and helping patients to manage their illness. The ANA Code of Ethics applies to all aspects of care management since the document is also focused on care quality improvement. One particular provision of the Code that has the greatest potential to achieve lasting change in care management is patient advocacy, which involves supporting the patients’ interests both by providing high-quality care and by advocating for essential healthcare issues (Lachman et al., 2015; Winland-Brown et al., 2015). Patient advocacy can assist nurses in care management by increasing access to care, enhancing care quality on a national level, and improving population health through political initiatives (Warner, 2017). As a result, the ANA Code of Ethics can assist in care management both on the practice level and on the policy level.
Hemophilia is a disease that is inherited and is associated with the sex of the patient. It manifests itself constantly throughout life, mainly in men, and this consequence does not depend on the race and socio-economic origin of the family in which hemophilia is detected. The clinical symptoms of severe hemophilia include hemorrhages in the joints, muscles, and other tissues, which can occur both spontaneously and as a result of minor injuries. Hemophilia can be seen as a classic example of a recessive disease related to a person’s sex. The given article investigates the effect of hemophilia on the masculinity factor of men because even the smallest cut can lead to severe bleeding. The image of masculine men who are not bothered with scratches and small wounds is not applicable for men with hemophilia. The main reason for the excessive bleeding is the fact that these patients do not possess blood clotting factors, such as factor VIII or factor IX (Reinicke, Søgaard, & Mentzler, 2019). Therefore, the body lacks the defensive component of protecting itself by forming blood clots, which stop the bleeding process until skin cells divide and heal the cut. The article focuses on the masculine identity of men who suffer from hemophilia because the disease predominantly affects the male population, and it is X-chromosome-linked disorder (Reinicke et al., 2019). Women can be affected only if two recessive hemophilia alleles will be present in both X-chromosomes, whereas in men, only one X-chromosome is present and it cannot be masked or compensated by Y-chromosome. The major finding in the study is that hemophiliac men are highly affected by the disease, which can lead to the loss of masculine identity, treatment non-adherence, and depression (Reinicke et al., 2019). Therefore, the study shows that sex-linked diseases can have severe consequences, which are not bound by genetics only. Reference Reinicke, K., Søgaard, I. S., & Mentzler, S. (2019). Masculinity challenges for men with severe hemophilia. American Journal of Men’s Health, 13 (4), 1-11.
Introduction It is amazing how truly wonderful things inherent in human race activities only can change people’s perception of this life. Among those are visual arts, sports, and music. As such, it is important to outline that some composers did put much impact on today’s music and styles. Béla Viktor János Bartók, Sergei Prokofiev, and Igor Stravinsky were three of many important composers of the nineteenth-twentieth century. It is amazing how broadly their works are still performed today and the way they were actually firstly accepted by public. This paper will elaborate on the styles of each of the three composers, their life and works, and the societal conditions they had to undergo. Béla Viktor János Bartók Early Years Béla Bartók was a prominent Hungarian composer, also regarded as the greatest composer of Hungary of the 20 th century along with such genius as Liszt (Biographiq, 2008). Béla Bartók is considered to be a founder of ethnomusicology, working this new stream though, he was able to analyze and study the folk music. Most of his early compositions were performed through the mixture of nationalist and late Romanticism features. The young composer made his way to the countryside in 1908 in order to earn the would-be title of the folk music examiner. Fortunately, his attempts were truly well met among public because the interest of the composer and the social interest in traditional national music coincided. Thus, the composer found an activity after his heart and was able to earn for living satisfying the demands of public. Besides, his researches within the traditions and heritage of Magyar folk melodies truly surprised the discoverer. Béla Viktor János Bartók and Kodály revealed that Magyar – that was considered a Gypsy music before – actually belonged to Asian folk traditions, even maybe to Siberian ones. These discoveries helped composing thnext masterpiece that would hold the pentatonic scale of Hungarian peasant music. Bartók indulged in creating Allegro Barbaro in 1911 as the most famous among his popular piano per
Introduction In a perfectly competitive market, companies will always engage in activities that would be aimed at retaining their relevance and maintaining their market shares (Samuelson & Marks, 2011). In the modern economy, companies adopt managerial methods, such as mergers and acquisitions, to establish dominance in a given industry. This paper seeks to analyze mergers in the automotive industries with special attention to the factors that led to the mergers and the economic benefits that resulted from them. Summary Mergers and acquisitions refer to managerial efforts made by individual companies to consolidate a given industry in which they operate. Mergers and acquisition agreements are always achieved through the concentration of the resources of many small companies into a few larger companies, often with better economic advantages than the smaller companies (Donnelly, Morris & Donnelly, 2005). The two concepts do not appear to have clear differences, especially if looked in terms of their ultimate economic outcomes (Samuelson & Marks, 2011). Both “mergers and acquisitions ultimately lead to an increase in the market share of the resultant association, with an increase in economies of scale and better services” (Samuelson & Marks, 2011, p. 45). The two concepts are, however, different in fundamental ways. Mergers refers to “legal consolidation of two or more companies into a single entity, whereas acquisition is considered to have occurred when one company, usually the bigger one, takes over another one and establishes itself as the new owner” (Samuelson & Marks, 2011, p. 48). Unlike in mergers, acquired companies exist as independent legal entities controlled by the acquirer. Either arrangement has the same ultimate goal, i.e., to consolidate the economic and financial resources of smaller companies with a view to attaining a competitive advantage in the market (Donnelly et al., 2005). Automotive Mergers and Acquisition Mergers and acquisitions have contributed immensely to shaping the market structure of the automotive industry. In fact, mergers in the “industry ware largely seen as a means of increasing market shares and for improving the market reach for the products from the merging companies” (Donnelly et al., 2005, p. 435). The other reason that forced automotive companies to merger was to attain large economies of scale, which could allow them to outdo their rivals. In the current market structure, the automotive firms cannot experience massive scales of mergers like those witnessed in the media and other industries, such as the healthcare sector. The trend is mainly because of the fact that the majority of the major deals in the automotive industry was achieved in the early 1990s and the beginning of the new century, reducing the future scope for further consolidations. It is important to note that firms in the automobile sector are merging so that they can achieve excellent growth rates. Besides the corporate level alliance seen in the
Introduction Clostridium tetani are the microorganisms that are responsible for causing tetanus disease. It is active in the absence of oxygen, and it is sensitive to heat. The microorganism belongs to the genus Clostridium, and its form of a gram strain corresponds to the shape of a drumstick or the tennis rackets. Sporulation that happens inside the cells determines its appearance. According to Thwaites and Loan (2015), the microorganism depends on fermentation because it is an obligate anaerobe. Spores of the microorganism can only develop in the body of a host through an open wound. Clostridium tetani are motile and use rotary flagella to move in the body of a living organism. It can survive in different environments. It is mainly found in the dusty environment, soil, and sediment. Campbell et al. (2009) analysis found that the microorganism can also live in intestinal tracts of animals and humans. In this environment, it develops and become pathogenic. History of the Tetanus Tetanus is an ancient disease that was associated with causing serious muscle spasms and wounds. The causal factor for the disease was discovered in 1884 by Carle and Rattone. Transmission, cause, and clearance of the ambiguities associated with tetanus were approved in the year 1890. The study was conducted by injecting Clostridium Tetani that was extracted from an infected person into an animal’s body. The analysis hence demonstrated that the microorganism is responsible for causing tetanus and could be neutralized using antibodies. According to Campbell et al. (2009), neutralization was conducted using specific antibodies to reduce levels of tetanus among people. Tetanus antitoxin was used to cause passive immunity in human bodies. Antitoxin was hence used to prevent infections and during the treatment processes. Transmission Tetanus infections are transmitted by exposing deep-tissue puncture wounds to Clostridium tetani bacteria. The microorganism is naturally foun
Burger (2009) replicates Milgram’s experiment to verify that obedience rate among people does not differ greatly from that reported by Milgram in the 1960s. Burger (2009) argues that though some changes have taken place in the society, people still tend to obey in specific settings. The researcher’s hypothesis is that “any differences in obedience between the 1961-1962 participants … and the 2006 participants would be minimal” (Burger, 2009, p. 4). The researcher also tries to define whether gender can influence the level of obedience. He also argues that people will disobey if they can rely on specific knowledge. Interestingly, the researcher supports his hypothesis with specific data obtained during replicating Milgram’s experiments. Evaluation of Milgram’s Studies Burger (2009) reveals the major peculiarities of the research and focuses on the results obtained. The author also reveals four major factors which are considered to be vital in developing people’s obedience. Thus, the first factor the researcher reveals is obedience to authority. Burger (2009, p. 3) argues that people tend to obey if “the person’s authority is seen as legitimate”. The second factor mentioned is “incremental nature of the task” (Burger, 2009, p. 3). Thus, the researcher argues that if people did not gradually increase voltage (but started with high voltage, in the first place), this would influence the level of obedience. Besides, the researchers also states that one more factor that influences the level of people’s obedience is availability of information in an unknown situation. In other words, the researcher assumes that if people knew that they could stop at any moment (or if they saw that someone actually stopped at certain point), the participants would tend to show lower rate of obedience. The researcher claims that the lack of such kind of information makes participants rely on their own experience. Finally, Burger (2009) also states that absence of responsibility also contributes greatly to aggressive behavior. Ethical Concerns The researcher dwells upon ethical issues concerning Milgram’s studies. First, the author assumes that “the 150-volt switch is something of a point of no return” (Burger, 2009, p. 2). In other words, Burger (2009) claims that Milgram’s studies show that the participants, who continued the procedure after the 150-switch, were likely to continue till the end. Therefore, the author concludes that there is no need in making participants go much further as it is clear that a participant, who goes on after the “point of no return”, is likely continue till the end. Secondly, the author reveals some more steps undertaken to secure participants’ welfare. Thus, the participants were explicitly told they could stop at any moment and keep their payment. The participants could also refuse to try the volt shock (though only 2 did refuse). At that, only the minimum (15-volt) shock was administered. The perso
Introduction Humanity has made great strides in technological advancements, so great that extra caution is now being taken to ensure these advances do not turn out to be ticking time bombs that may go off sometime in the future. Unfortunately, none of these breakthroughs has managed to beat death. It is inevitable. Having this in mind, different cultures have embraced it and tried to prepare themselves for whatever comes after death. This paper will analyse the cultural and social stances of the Chinese and Hindu from an anthropological standpoint. Death According to the Hindu Society The Hindu believes in reincarnation. They believe that the soul (jiva) is immortal, and for this reason, they do not consider death a tragedy. They only acknowledge and appreciate the fact that the soul has moved on to another lifetime and arrange for a respectful send off. Another key feature of the soul according to their culture is that it cannot be destroyed; they can only shift worlds in accordance to the characters they displayed while in the previous world, that if the dead was of good will and used to help the needy while alive, his/her soul proceeds to a world seen to be higher than its previous one. This is to ensure that its faith keeps growing in intensity as it will be better nurtured in the watch of the Lord Krishna. The final stage for a soul is when it finally reaches the Lord Krishna. Here, it settles peacefully with him. Death According to the Chinese Society Similar to the Hindu, the Chinese believe in the existence of souls in living human beings. These souls exist in form of a cosmos consisting of the Yin and Yang, a dark spirit and a light one. They can be referred to using numerous terms depending on the context. “In the…bodily existence of the individual…are…two… polarities, a p’o soul (or anima) and a hun soul (animus). All during the life of the individual these two are in conflict, each striving for mastery. At death they separate and go different ways. The anima sinks to earth as kuei, a ghost-being. The animus rises and becomes shen, a spirit or god.” (Baynes 64). The anima (yin) is the spirit the Chinese claim to be the driver of all evil in humanity. It is the dark spirit left behind with the body after death. The yang (animus) on the other hand, is the spirit credited with all the good in humanity. This includes humility within the being, self actualization, honor and respect of one’s life, culture and ancestry. Similarities in Their Views of Death In their view of death, the Hindu and Chinese share a lot in the way they treat their dead and how the deceased is supposed to carry on. They both regard death not as a tragedy, but as a necessary rite of passage in a soul’s lifetime. This is guided by belief that souls of human beings are released from the body at death. The Chinese believe that once they have been released, the yin and yang head in separate ways to their respective destinations, where they keep on maintaining humanity’s well being. On the same, the Hindu believe that once the souls have been released after cremation, they go to a wo