ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Environmental planning is when decision making is done to attain development of an area while giving due thought to factors that may include Mother Nature (environment), economic policies and political aspects, governmental policies as well as social aspects and at the same time allowing for a holistic outline to produce viable results that will be of mutual benefit to both the resident communities and nature. Several issues may affect the construction of a reservoir along the course of a river, with different aspects and interests being brought forth. These may cover a vast array of issues with diverse views and interests. Environmental planning tries to direct these processes not only effectively but also transparently, methodically and in an equitable manner to the advantage of constituents of the affected schemes, presently and in later years. Among the building blocks of environmental planning in the present day are issues such as regional development, infrastructure systems, natural resources and land use that’s integrated, governance policies, urban development and social and economic development. Integrated environmental planning assessment encompasses among other things land use, wetlands, air pollution, endangered species, noise pollution, transportation, flood zones, coastal zones erosion, housing and visual studies. Issues on dams and reservoirs Building dams brings about changes to the region, completely altering the physical characters and this is due to several different factors. A poorly planned dam construction would pose an ecological disaster. This is in regard to the impact of the construction on the environment. A wide scope of personal interpretation has got to be applied when pondering about the environment. These are mainly social, cultural and environmental impacts. Most planners hardly ever consider the reasons to foresee related impacts. Issues that affect dam constructions could be local, regional, national or international. The erection of dams leads to evident changing of the watercourse and its usual flow. Even so, upstream, a contrasting set of changes is witnessed as the resultant reservoir forms a lake on what was formerly dry ground that was either residential or farmland. Though there are myriads of problems affecting dam construction assessment, not all can be deliberated on seeing as it would be more viable to focus on the most important ones which are environmental and socio-economic impacts. How the dam will look after completion Impacts of dams The assorted environmental impacts of dams can be divided and sub-divided into several groups. These range from upstream and downstream impacts, to biological and physical impacts. Climatic changes that refer to the drop in temperatures due to the change of environment caused by the buildup of water play a vital role in determining the impacts on the environment. Stagnation deprives the water of oxygen which in turn affects living organisms in the water like fish. The local communities have a portion of people that thrive on the fishing business and would be rendered jobless and wit
Philosophy of Teaching   * Proactive problem solving techniques.   * The philosophy of teaching is impact learners with mastery of specific subjects.   * Inquiry learning allows for the development of research skills.   * Research skills help learners to find solutions to mitigate demise of the Great Barrier Reef.   * An inquiry based learning covers all processes of learning. Teaching is meant to impact knowledge on students. Nolan and Hunsinger (2007) emphasise on the importance of imparting skills in education. The inquiry learning guarantees the same. As a teacher, a philosophy on proactive problem solving. Pro-activeness is a requirement in environmental protection. The same will ensure that the Great Barrier Reef is protected from extinction . The proposed lesson plan is for year four learners in an Australian school. Aspects of inquiry-Based Learning   * The inquiry approach develops problem solving skills.   * The approach focuses more on the student.   * Through active involvement, the student is able to construct knowledge.   * Inquiry learning makes the process effortless since the students are more excited. Inquiry based learning has become popular in the recent past. The reason for this is the various advantages it is associated with. It will help the year four class students, who are the target of this lesson plan. Five Models of Inquiry Inquiry Based Learning Models:   * Murdoch;   * Hornsby;   * 5 Es;   * Problem Based;   * IB. There are five main models of inquiry based learning. The models are essentially meant to create interest in the learning endeavour. They include:  1. Murdoch Model: Supports thinking and conversation. Students get to hypothesis solutions to problems.  2. Hornsby Model: The students should gather relevant material touching on the subject.  3. IB model: The learners develop research skills and are allowed to solve existing problems.  4. Problem Based Model: The learning process allows the students to learn about a subject by solving the problems at hand. Learners get a first hand experience of solving problems.  5. Es model: A constructivist approach to learning. Requires learners to build upon their existing ideas of a subject. Shawer (2010) argues that the five Es explain all the phases that make up for the learning process. The process is as indicated; Enngage>Explore>Explain>Elaborate>Elaborate. A constructivist approach to the coral issue can be seen in the case where the students are allowed to demonstrate suitable solutions. Consequently the learning process is student based. The Murdoch Model   * Generative questions.   * Understanding skills and values.   * Tuning in.   * Finding out.   * Sorting out.   * Going further.   * Concluding and acting. The Murdoch model creates an inquiry journey. The elements listed ensure that the inquiry process is covered in its various stages (Fisher, 2003). The generative questions seek to establish the reasons behind a given phenomenon. For instance, the learners are asked “why is the coral dying?”. The model allows
Abstract The confusion associated by the changing emotional development in teens always brings about some imbalance as they swing from dependence to interdependence. Sometimes they want to be treated as children at times as adults making it difficult for parents to decide on how to treat them. Hence parents should be overconfident and be there for their teenagers. There should be a support system developed to enable the highly venerable teen to grow well as he/ she is undergoing emotional changes. This can be done through parents at home, the family unit, the church and the teachers through the school system. As far as the teen gets appreciation and respect, his emotional well being will be at rest. The art of making responsible decisions rather than erratic comes with time, patience and practice. In all aspects on emotional development, whether its drug abuse, romantic /sex, suicide, bullying, teens should be taught about being responsible by taking well thought out decisions and consequences of irresponsible behavior. And as they identify them selves let them be accountable for their individualism and not quorum (peer pressure) (Dennis and John, 2007). Introduction Adolescence This can be defined as the period between the ages of twelve years to twenty years. It is characterized by the self identity factor an age of identifying oneself. All human beings have to pass through this controversial period that depicts their character and their future relations with the society. It is associated with various changes which are classified as follows: physical changes, psychological changes, emotional changes. All three changes tend to inter-relate in one way or another affecting the growth of a child during this period that can also be termed as puberty (Dennis and John, 77-93). Physical Changes This process takes rapid changes in the body can be termed as puberty. Its onset is gradual and it varies from girls to boys. For boys its onset can b
According to Chesney-Lind (2017), almost every social interaction involves gender as a driver of behavioral choices. Due to this fact, male and female individuals grow up to have disparate experiences. Moreover, the actions of girls and boys are rendered differently by those observing and evaluating them (Chesney-Lind, 2017). Since patriarchy is the determinant of gender role division, it views female delinquency not in the same way as male criminal activity. Recent research supports the theory established by Chesney-Lind (2017) and offers valuable insights into female delinquency. One of the core ideas expressed by Chesney-Lind (2017) is that girls are highly susceptible to abuse and violent treatment. Another opinion is that those females who attempt to leave their homes, where they are abused, are considered as runaways and as sexually profligate individuals. As a result, criminal actions committed by women are viewed through the prism of their vulnerability and victimization. Research by van der Put, van Vugt, Stams, and Hendriks (2014) indicates that the main characteristic of the girls who have committed sexual offenses is sexual abuse they have experienced outside the family. Scholars also note that females who commit non-sexual violent crimes usually have a history of such negative issues as truancy or dropping out of school, parental and behavioral problems, and running away from home. Usually, if a girl develops antisocial behavior at an early age, such conduct is likely to aggravate and lead to serious crimes in adulthood (Pechorro, Gonçalves, Marôco, Nunes, & Jesus, 2014). Duarte and de Carvalho (2017) report that females consider their social and family problems as the cause of their delinquent practices. At the same time, scholars note that girls do not view delinquency as the “rejection of their femininity and gender roles” (Duarte & de Carvalho, 2017, p. 258). Therefore, Chesney-Lind’s (2017) theory of female delinquency is supported by recent studies.
Introduction Environmental factors that influence decision-making can also be termed as external forces (that are outside) in the organizational environment. These factors play a critical role when a decision is to be made in an organization. Some of these factors are Buyers, Suppliers, government regulations, competitors, Trade unions, Technology, and the Economy. Buyer/consumer The attitude of a consumer towards an organization or its products can highly influence the success of its business strategy. Positive attitudes will translate into the success of the organization, and the opposite is true in the case of negative attitudes from clients. Suppliers Businesses are highly interdependent on their suppliers; Richard Bowett outlines that the effects of any decision-making will critically depend on the reactions of the other groups in the market. Government Regulations Government regulations are imposed in the form of tariffs and taxes. An increase in tax on a product will automatically transform into an increase in prices; hence it will become unattractive to the consumer. The imposition of tariffs on imported or exported goods will make it unattractive for foreign investors and also the local exporters. An argument by Patrick (2005) indicates that political influence is frequently ascribed to business organizational strength. Competitors Competitors pose the highest challenge in an organization. Competition can be gained unfairly in an organization if one competitor decides to have counterfeit goods at the expense of the others. Also by lowering the prices of a product so as to gain from your competitor would be termed unfair competition. Trade unions Trade unions pose a great threat to an organization’s decision-making since one has to take into consideration the effects on the employees who are protected by the unions. Technology Technology advancement in the world today has led to the creation of a competitive market. The use of software like PowerPoint in the introduction of new products gives an organization the niche to advance its products. Another technological advancement is the use of video conferencing, where organizations in different environments can communicate through the satellite. Kirkbride and Karen Ward (
Current Issues in Marriage, Family, and Religion History teaches us that societies rise, blossom, and collapse, which is only logical, because change is the essential process of all existence. We as human beings, members of the American society and the global community, are generally aware when a change takes place and are more or less able to intuitively reason where this change might lead. Still, when the changes concern the matter as fundamental as the family, the future (as perceived by each individual) becomes quite vague. The issue of family and religion, as illustrated by the corresponding module and the readings, therefore, is the subject of immediate interest. The analysis of religion as a social construct can reveal the ways it is intertwined with all other constructs – the instances the given society has agreed to treat in some particular way. Family, at that, comes in the form of yet another social construction, and a powerful one since it lies at the baseline of the society, with practically all social processes revolving around family as a unit. The changes that are happening in how the institution of family is perceived directly affect the institute of religion (Edgell 642). However, there is a resonating discrepancy between the current familial tendencies and the teachings of the Catholic and many other churches, a gap that the Church will probably have a hard time closing. The Church has done and is doing its best to promote familial stability and values such as fidelity, fertility, and overall healthy relationships between the members. Albeit the authoritative way in which religion promotes these values, the interrelation of these two institutions is, probably, the driving force behind the society. Religion encourages what it supposes to be healthy marriage, and family socializes the children in a fashion that subsumes religiosity and cultivates the socially agreeable understanding of all the basic cultural concepts like race, gender, and class (Edgell 636). Th
Indian Culture Indian culture is an example of tradition and conservatism. It has not changed much over the centuries. People still share the same values as they did in the past. Although modern India is a mixture of cults and beliefs, the ancient religion of Hinduism is still strong among the people. Ramayana Epic as an Example of Indian Culture The culture and values of Indian people are best described through their literature. The ancient book of Ramayana (Buck, 2000) originally written in Sanskrit has answers to the attitudes of Indians to almost every moral issue existing in today’s society. Ramayana is a story of the young prince Rama, who is sent away from his home for fourteen years. His beautiful wife Sita is kidnapped by Ravana, the king of Lanka. This hero is an example of what Indians believe to be a perfect leader. He possesses not only the excellent managerial qualities but also the personality traits which characterize him as a kind man. Governance The idea of a good leader mentioned above in Ramayana is best pictured by the advice which Rama gives to his brother that having one good minister is better than having many bad ones. Indians believe that a manager’s idea should rather be opposed by smart proposals, rather than supported in order to please the manager. Since the king cannot pay close attention to every issue, he requires a group of people to do this for him. Thus, these people “do not have specific tasks to carry out, but the king is always expected to consult them before initiating any task” (Olivelle, 2013, p. 40). Moreover, the essential idea is that this circle of councilors must be small in order to prevent the possible collision of ideas. Succession Planning Indian people highly value their traditions. They want to be sure that the new person in charge will follow these traditions and ensure the surpassing to the next generation. There are a lot of challenges facing a leader in this sphere, because “he faces the challenge of inspiring communities different from his own” (Verma, 2013, p. 182). The current leader’s opinion on who is going to be the next governor is highly valued. Prince Rama was loved and respected by his people, he was the oldest among his brothers, and confident about his actions. The community would only support the king’s decision if he chose Rama as his successor since he would be the keeper of traditions, yet the man who would be able to find a compromise with people of other beliefs. Loyalty Ramayana gives a proof that loyalty is earned by building strong relationships with partners. Rama was kind and open-minded. He made friends with all sorts of communities and never paid attention to a social status. It is important to remember that Indian society is still divided by the caste system. This inequality is based on discrimination which has its roots in the ancient history of t
Positive relationships are important in an educational setting. Building of positive relationships in an educational set up is very important in an educational institution. The teachers need a positive relationship amongst themselves for them to work as a team in achieving goals and objectives of the school. Every single teacher has a role to play in ensuring that the students achieve the best in the process of leaning. This way, every teacher would be helping the other in accomplishing the noble task of ensuring the students’ success either directly or indirectly. The relationship between them must be very cordial for this to happen. The student must live as one family within the learning institution. As stated in the discussion in Section A of this paper, the learning institution is a community. Within this community, students must cooperate with one another and develop a bond that would help them stay as one. When this good relationship is developed, there are benefits that would be generated by the students. The students would be in a position to share knowledge, thereby enhance their understanding of various subjects. When this positive relationship is maintained, every student would be the protector of the other. As such, the classroom would be turned into a peaceful environment where everyone cares for the other. A positive relationship should also be developed between the teacher and his or her students. This would help break the wall the two that could be created by fear, difference in age or knowledge or such other related factors. This will make it easy for the teacher to freely share with the student and therefore understand their unique needs and abilities. This way, the teacher would be in a position to come up with a strategy to help these students. A number of strategies of building relationships in an educational set up exist, with varying suitability based on time and place of application. In an educational setting, the best strategy that is very relevant is using of strengths and talents in building productive relationship. This strategy, also widely considered as a concept, has been in existence for a very long time but its applicability was developed recently. Use of Strengths and Talents in Building Productive Relationships Peters (2002) says that good relationships are very important in a learning institution. This scholar holds that the learner should fist start by ensuring that he or she has a good relationship with himself or herself. This involves the process of ensuring that the learner understands his or her internal self. An internal conflict is one of the most destructive factors to any learner. When a learner does not have a piece of mind, it would be very difficult to make him or her develop a positive relationship with others. The first step in ensuring that a student has a peaceful mind is by ensuring that he
Identify the specific policy, ethical rules, and legal rules James violated James is not accountable to the people that work under him, which is clearly shown by his actions. He has no respect for procedures and protocols that stipulate how contracts are to be awarded. He is using his brother-in-law’s company to present false data for his gain. This is ethically wrong because the company will invest in a venture that is not viable. James has directed Nubrio to choose NDC to do data gathering and analysis. Nubrio has not looked at the company’s performance records, and this violates the company’s policies. Halbert and Ingulli (2011) argue that James’ involvement creates a conflict of interest because he is in charge of the project (p. 224). James has also canvassed for NDC; an interested party in the process which shows he practices favoritism and nepotism. Therefore, he is not supposed to choose his brother in -law to do the work. His actions are corrupt because he has abused the power the company has given him, which is an offense under the law. Describe what Nubrio should have done when asked to perform a questionable task with a vendor that had not gone through the company’s strict accreditation process for vendors Nubrio should have informed James of policies and procedures that need to be followed before a contract is awarded. Nubrio should also have told James that it is against the firm’s policies to canvass for a prospective contractor to be given preferential treatment before and during the bidding process. Nubrio should not have allowed James to compromise the company’s bidding procedures for vendors. Nubrio should have informed James that NDC needs to apply formally for the contract. Nubrio should have asked his company to publish and air adverts, informing all interested parties to bid for the contract. Nubrio should have written a letter to his seniors to report the wrong actions done by James so that corrective measures could be taken. The company would have had time to assess the ability of each bidder to do the project according to its standards (Halbert & Ingulli, 2011, p. 227). The company with the best bid would have been chosen to do the contract, after showing evidence that it has the technical competence needed to accomplish the project. This process would have allowed the best contractor to be chosen based on his merits and ability to do the project. Discuss whether you believe Nubrio will come to regret having left this contract without a paper trail Nubrio will regret it because he is likely to be made the sacrificial lamb should anything go wrong. He did not follow the company’s strict accreditation process for vendors, before awarding the contract to NDC. He has allowed hi