ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Cold War started in the year 1945 and ended in the year 1990. This war was characterized by military and political enmity between the US and the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Nazi government, in the year 1945, the US and the Soviet Union became the world superpowers. The Cold War initiated several changes in the American society during and after the war. These changes were enhanced by the differences in democratic values between the US and the Soviet Union. During the early 1990s, the Cold War had greatly influenced America’s domestic and foreign policies. Before the Cold War, the US government was not involved in foreign affairs. For instance, during the leadership of President Gorge Washington, the American government did not participate in foreign affairs and alliances. During the year 1935, Neutrality Act was enacted. Through this act, the US Government was forbidden from participating in foreign wars and affairs. Equally, during the World War II, the US government never got involved in foreign affairs. However, after the fall of the Nazi government in Germany, the US perspective on foreign policies and affairs changed. After the year 1945, the US considered the Soviet Union as a threat to its security. Notably, the communist expansion and Russia’s advancements in weaponry forced the American government to be involved in foreign affairs. As witnessed from various government administrations during the Cold War, the US foreign policies and domestic policies were changed constantly to thwart the spread of communisms, and to stop Soviet Union from attacking America and its allies. For instance, Three months into office president Dwight D. Eisenhower conveyed a meeting in the Solarium house at the White House. At the meeting, the president met with three different teams to deliberate on appropriate foreign poli
Need to prepare Goodfellas critical analysis? This paper focuses on camera movement and scene analysis of Scorsese’s masterpiece. The plot explanation of Goodfellas is also provided! Introduction There are a number of works created by a famous American film director Martin Scorsese which deserve recognition. Almost each movie is a unique attempt to describe human life as it is with its own pros and cons. It is not enough for Scorsese to make a movie; it is necessary to create a masterpiece where each angel, camera movement, and frame has its own purpose and place. One of such movies is his Goodfellas directed in 1990. And though this movie did not get the Oscar as the best picture ( Dances with Wolves won it that time), Goodfellas starring by Robert De Niro, Ray Liotta, and Joe Pesci is still considered to be an important work that makes Scorsese return to the world of gangster cinematography and take another important shift in career. In this paper, several cinematographic aspects like movie shots, optics, moves, compositions, and long takes in Goodfellas will be evaluated. Goodfellas Movie Summary Goodfellas is a 1990 adaptation of Wiseguy – a non-fiction book by Nicholas Pileggi, a crime reporter. The plot focuses on the rise and fall of Henry Hill, an American mobster, as well as his family and friends. The film’s timeline is 1955 to 1980. Goodfellas Film Analysis Goodfellas Scene Analysis Goodfellas , as well as all other movies, consists of a number of shots those relationships aim at creating a complete and informative scene (Corrigan 66). The peculiar feature of frames and angles in Goodfellas is Scorsese’s desire to overwhelm the viewer with information, this is why each frame contains a number of details to be observed. Certain attention should be paid to the frames used by the director to express “the freshness and energy of a real world” (Lopate 241). The point is that even the opening frames of the movie may easily destabilize audience (Nochimson 135). For example, the frame when the three main characters, Henry, Jimmy, and Tommy are in the car (ELS): the director wants to say that they are connected by friendship, business, and trust, and even though audience is not aware of their relations, it is necessary to underline this connection at the very beginning ( Goodfellas ). Another shot when Karen holds the gun and looks at it from above (MS): the director wants to introduce the idea of human choice when a young girl realizes what is waiting for her and that she has a choice and needs to decide. Her decision was based on emotions and feelings. The two shots when Karen directs the gun to Henry to kill him because of betrayal (CU). The gun is not only a weapon; it is the
Costs In order to make a business profitable, one must maximize revenues and minimize costs. Maximizing profits does not necessarily mean making great profits. A business should make profits that would make it competitive in the market. At times, reducing the losses a business incurs might be likened to a profit. Profits are made when the total revenue is greater than both the total variable costs and the total fixed costs. When output is considered in the equation, then the averages of these variables are considered. Therefore, it is also correct to say that profit equals the difference between the average revenue and the sum of the average variable costs and the average fixed costs. Since the total fixed costs are not affected by changes in the output, it is a constant. Therefore, businesses must try to make the difference between average revenue and average variable costs the greatest. However, it is not straightforward since the average revenue (AR) and average variable costs change with changes in the output. Businesses should find the level of output that would lead to maximum profits or lowest losses. In order to understand this, one must understand the impacts of output on the costs and revenues. An illustration of a short-run total cost curve can be used to understand this. As indicated in Fig. 4-1 , the curve touches the y-axis (total cost) at a point representing the business’s total fixed cost. As the name suggests, these costs are fixed and may not be avoided. These costs may include those incurred during payment of mortgages, security and maintenance. Other costs are further incurred during the operation of the business. However, these costs are not fixed since they vary. They may include those incurred during the purchase of raw materials and those required for labour (work force). Therefore, total costs increase with increase in output. The technology and equipment that a company has determines the level of output it can produce comfortably and effectively. This level of output has been indicated as Q’ in Fig 4-1 . Therefore, a company producing less output than that particular level would imply that it is using its facility to produce less than it can actually produce. A business can also produce outputs greater than that level of output. However, this would imply that it would incur extra costs to attain that level of output. The choice on whether to operate below or above that level of output (Q’) is dependent upon the demand of the business’s products. Average Total Costs (ATC) For every business, the average total cost is represented by a U-shaped curve as shown in Figure 4-2 . Every amount of average total cost on the curve corresponds to the total cost divided by the output (quantity) produced at that point. Up to some point, the average total cost decreases as the level of output increa
Introduction The Roman Empire was one of the biggest empires in history. Before this empire, the Romans were governed by a Republican. Several factors led to the rise of the empire. This paper looks at a book from the Beaton Institute’s archives with the view of retelling the history of the Roman Empire. A Description of the Location of the Document The book, The Roman Empire, by Paul Veyne, was located in the University of King’s College link. I found it on the Beaton Institute’s website . I visited the Beaton Institute’s official website, went to archival search and typed the Roman Empire. The Nunavut Search Engine appeared and helped in searching for the relevant documents. Several books and articles appeared, out of which I chose The Roman Empire by Paul Veyne. Relevant Historical Context Understanding the document first requires one to understand the historical background of the Roman Empire: the formation of the Republic and its collapse (Veyne, 1997). As early as 458-274 BC, the Romans had begun fighting against their neighbors with the view of expanding their territory and defending themselves against warlike neighbors. The Romans first defeated their immediate neighbors: Latin villagers and the stubborn Sabines. Around this period, these two groups were under the control of the Etruscans. The Roman’s expansionist intentions also took advantage of alliances in many other regions where they had vested interests. They slowly moved towards the other part of the Italian Peninsula before eventually reaching other parts of the Mediterranean Sea including Africa, Asia and parts of Europe. The expanded region called for the formation of a strong
Introduction The case study “Fetal Abnormality” consists of four individuals who present diverse views on the abortion of a fetus considered to have a higher chance of having down syndrome. However, the fetus also has no arms and has a lower chance of developing. The parties involved in this case include Jessica, the expectant woman, Marco, and Dr. Wilson, Maria. With the dilemma presented concerning decision-making, various theories are revealed and will be explored in this analysis. The Christian worldview The Christian viewpoint on life is that it is sacred and that its existence is based on the will of God. Man was created in the image of God, a mighty being that oversees everything that happens in the world. The Christian doctrine upholds the moral ethics of life preservation regardless of color, strength, statute, or aura. This means that everyone deserves to be valued and respected despite their distinctive characteristics or special needs. The Christian viewpoint aligns with virtue ethics, which presents the idea that an individual’s character determines the rightness of an action. This is linked with human value and dignity because it shows that people with virtuous habits are likely to make the right choices. Theories Used by Jessica, Marco, Maria, And Dr. Wilson and Impact On Their Recommendation Dr. Wilson uses utilitarianism theory, which advocates for actions that promote happiness. As shown in the case, he supports abortion due to the quality of life that the child would have after birth. He believes that would save the child and parents from suffering that would arise from the condition diagnosed. The theory makes the doctor think that abortion is the best option because it would promote happiness and eliminate sadness (Crisp, 2018). The doctor is convinced that abortion would make the family happy and save the child from pain and suffering. Marco also uses utilitarianism theory, which determines right from wrong based on the outcome. Although he says that he would support the decision of, Jessica, he believes that the pregnancy and the prospect of a disabled child as a burden and a hindrance to their economic security. Because of the theory, he believes that if the child lives, they might become broke and experience the burden of raising a disabled child (Crisp, 2018). The theory also makes him believe that the greatest happiness would be achieved if the child is aborted. As a result, abortion is considered a better option in this case. Maria uses virtue ethics in her reasoning in regard to the fate of the fetus. Virtue ethics majors on the moral character of an individual performing the action (Crisp, 2018). In the case scenario, she urges Jessica to consider her responsibility as a mother and proceed with the pregnancy. Maria wants Jessica to make a decision from the perspective of being a mother.
People who have a constant feeling of pain will do anything to get rid of it. The movie called The Crime of the Century describes how American giant pharmaceutical companies earn millions of dollars by using people’s pain to sell synthetic opiates. The film exposes the profit-driven nature of the pharmaceutical industry, showing that the industry does not care about the welfare of its clients. The movie director, Alex Gibney, demonstrated the inhumane actions of big companies, pointing out their immorality. I was surprised by the actions of the doctors in the movie, that ignored their duty of not harming patients by allowing them to be addicted to drugs. I thought that doctors would have been able to solve the problem, but they were the driving force behind people’s addiction to opiates. I felt sorry for the victims of the industry that were prescribed dosages of painkillers that could cause addiction. Even now, people are getting addicted to drugs without choosing them on their own. As such, the movie calls for action to control the industry by showing how people are being misguided by doctors and companies. During the whole documentary, I was thinking about why the government did not take any actions earlier and why authorities let it happen. Indeed, there was corruption as the profits were too high. Yet, there is a crucial violation of the ethical principles of industry and political elites. Additionally, I was wondering whether it is money or the feeling of power that turns people towards violence. I believe that the issue of prescription painkillers should be controlled not only by state regulators but also by a special administrative body. Checks and balances will ensure that doctors do not abuse their position to make the pharmaceutical companies richer and profit from this.
Since the sexual revolution in the twentieth century, teenagers have been participating in sexual intercourse outside marriage and with multiple partners. The emerged sexual freedom and consistently decreasing level of parents’ involvement in the private life of young people contributed to the increased sexual activity among the youth. Various measures for preventing negative consequences of such behavior were invented. Although contraception is relatively available in the U.S., teenagers tend to disregard these safety tools. Hence, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), like gonorrhea or chlamydia, became common among youth. This research project aims to study the lack of examination for gonorrhea and chlamydia among high school students in the U.S. Unfortunately, not every teenager with these illnesses knows about these infections because they do not often get tested. Research Questions Students that participate in sexual intercourse and potentially have STDs can belong to various categories and yet not visit clinicians for this cause. Numerous factors might affect the decision not to take tests for chlamydia or gonorrhea. The first question is, does age affect the lack of testing? The second question is, does gender affect the lack of testing? The third question is, does the race of the teenagers affect the lack of testing? Study Rationale Studying the lack of visiting clinicians for testing for STDs like chlamydia or gonorrhea is helpful for further study of the reason for this phenomenon. Moreover, it can be insightful about the ways of popularizing the screening. The methods for testing are numerous; some of them are brief and effective, like the Point-of-Care test (Pol et al., 2020). Therefore, it is helpful to determine the population ignoring the testing to prevent the spread of the diseases and enhance their treatment. Annotated Bibliography Dretler, A. W., Trolard, A., Bergquist, E. P., Cooper, B., Liang, S. Y., Stoner, B. P., & Reno, H. (2020) . The influence of race and sex on gonorrhea and chlamydia treatment in the emergency department. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , 38 (3), 566-570. Web. The authors of this paper state that urban areas of St. Louis, Missouri, have the highest rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea. They explore different causes that affect high infection and low treatment rates among people admitted to the emergency department (ED). The authors developed their claim based on previous reports about the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the asymptomatic young population. In this study, data was extracted from ED visits, where a rapid test for these infections was done to patients of different ages, gender, and race from 2012 to 2014 (Dretler et al., 2020). They found that women were at greater risk of not receiving testing and treatment. This manuscript is related to my topic because I plan to examine the effect of age, gender, and race on the lack of tes
Mind Map Introduction and thesis statement There are many open-ended questions with answers that are difficult but interesting to consider and find. In addition to the well-known discussion about which came first, the chicken or the egg, representatives of the theory of knowledge have introduced a variety of concepts that may confuse or challenge ordinary people, including students and writers. Such discussions on facts, theories, and their connections seem to be captivating and educational indeed. Sometimes, combining facts and explaining theories turn out to be difficult tasks. Still, very often, the establishment of theories and the explanation of facts may help simplify life and put everything in perspective. To understand the nature of the relationship between fact and theory, it is not enough to use dictionaries or provide standard definitions. Instead, it is important to consider concrete examples and apply the concepts in multiple ways. Facts are indeed needed to establish theories and also that theories help make sense of facts; instead of discussing these truths alone, this essay turns out to be an attempt to clarify what unites fact and theory and why such a union matters. Importance of Concepts’ Definitions Nowadays, it is not difficult to find numerous definitions of concepts using both print and online dictionaries. The theory of knowledge is a field in which definitions mean a lot because they help create a basis for further evaluation and explanation. Considering the philosophical direction of this paper and the need to discuss the importance of facts regarding theories and vice versa, it could be difficult to find out which domination is possible and reasonable. Still, the challenge is accepted, and the work should begin. There are two main concepts at hand to discuss: facts and theories. An interesting feature of both of these concepts is that they each exist in all areas of knowledge such as the arts, ethics, human sciences, mathematics, religion, and history. Indeed, in all of these areas, facts and theories play a crucial role because they create the basis for discussion. According to Scott, a fact may be any statement that is proved to be true (233). Moreover, this author talks about the relationship between facts and theories, explaining theory as an “account of the world which goes beyond what we can see and measure” (Scott 759). In one online dictionary, “theory” is a term with multiple definitions, one of which states that a theory is the analysis of related facts ( Merriam-Webster Dictionary ). In other words, theories cannot be developed without facts, and facts seem to be chaotic and unrelated when they are not grouped into theories. Therefore, it is necessary to think about the importance of both theories and facts and discuss their roles in the theory of knowledge, as well as in everyday life. Facts Help Establish Theories It has been identified that facts help establish theories. In this way, people gather several ideas, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and investigate their possible connections. If the relevance and appropriateness of facts are proven and cannot be disputed, the chosen facts
The 21 st century opens with attributes of concern by the corporate firms. The intensity of commercial activities continues to relentlessly increase. The commercial systems, activities, and programs have continued to change due to the changing scenery in the marketplace considerably. With the highly competitive state of the market, corporations have been in a financial look to strategize on a competing portfolio. Strategic management has consistently become an important tool in this exercise. The world market has become highly competitive, with organizations producing substitute goods. With the demand and supply of the market changing, the organizations have changed to corporate espionage and competitive intelligence. The next logical question that a rational human being would ask is, “do these two disciplines provide for incorporate rationality activities?” At one level, competitive intelligence involves the set of various ethical issues, which may include the examinations into the corporate publications, their patent contents, and websites whose aim is to formulate various analytical conclusions about the activities involved within the corporation. In contrast to this is corporate espionage. These are activities that may involve the theft by one corporation to another of its trading secrets, the bribery of its activities, the blackmailing aspects, and various surveillance in technological frontiers. Industrial espionage has been voted as an activity most prevalent to the highly technological corporation. This involves information management. Managers have considerably understood the role played by information. Consequently, information is an important compliment in formulating the corporation’s success or failure. ( Desmet, 1999) With the stealing secrets about the trading trends of an organization, the stealing company will therefore develop various advantages over its competitors. For corporations whose activities are provided by the advantages in information, the loss in its information to a predator is a loss in the survival tactics at the market. Espionage involves diversity in the theft of activities about a particular corporation. From a number of documents, including agreements on supplies, the various records on an individual client, any documents on research activities, plans about its activities above others, a competing company may steal such items from its competitor. The stealing of the documents involves a process of compiling in the same documents, through the Competitive Intelligence Solution (CIS) or even through the Competitive Response Solution (CRS). As the two fundamental aspects of the marketplace game theory of the corporations, a debate may then be formulated about the authenticity of each in relation to the other. The point of analysis would be in drawing an elaborated structure about the prevailing ethical parameters ascribed to the two aspects. The next logical question for the debate would be, “are both or at least one of the aspects ethical?