Islam is currently the second-largest religion in the world after Christianity. It is estimated that about 1.5 billion people consider themselves to be affiliates of this religion that name themselves “Muslims”. Recently, there has been a lot of debate and controversy on the topic of Islam and its believers, and their relation to the terrorist attacks in various countries of the world. Opinions on this issue vary widely. However, before voicing any judgment, a thorough insight into the history and traditions of this religion should be made to find out the historical, national, and traditional context and understand the processes and customs of the religion. Islam is a monotheistic religion that originated from the teaching Muhammad (7 th century) who was believed to be God’s prophet. His life and teachings are recorded in Sunnah – one of the most important religious books for Muslims. At the beginning of his career as a religious leader, Muhammad was preaching in Mecca against the polytheism religions that flourished there. In 622 he migrated to Medina with his followers where he soon became a renowned political and religious leader conquering Mecca soon thereafter. By the time of his death, he governed the whole of the Arabian Peninsula. The word “Islam” can be translated into English as “submission” or “acceptance” meaning the submission to God (Allah), and the word “Muslim” means “the one who surrenders to God”. The sacred book of Islam is Qur’an (can be translated into English as “recitation”). Muslims believe that this book was sent to Muhammad by God through the angel Gabriel in the period between 610 and 632. It is also believed in Islam that all God’s prophets preached the principles of Islam, and it is described in Qur’an as “the primordial nature upon which God created mankind”. When Muslims speak about their sacred book, they usually refer to the recitation of the contents in the Arabic language, but not to the printed version or its translation. Qur’an serves as a primary law to all Muslims and is defined as a source of guidance for every Muslim (Hunter, 2002). The only version of the Qur’an accepted as original is the one in the Arabic language, and any translation of it is considered to be a simple commentary of it or interpretation. The book contains a detailed description of the deeds for which a Muslim can be sentenced to hell. Among these sins are dishonesty, exploitation of others, etc. Although Qur’an suggests physical joy and rewards to those who go to heaven, the greatest reward for being an obedient Muslim is Ridwan, or acceptance by God (Kelly 1984). Although Islam is a relatively young religion, Muslims believe that it was simply brought back by Muhammad as one of the oldest religions containing the teachings of Jesus, and other prophets in its original state without misinterpretations that are peculiar to other religions. The religious practices under Islam vary widely. Every Muslim has to observe the Five Pillars of Islam as well as Islamic law Shariah. The Five Pillars include the following: the shahadatan that states that “there is none worthy of worship except God” and that “Muhammad is the Messenger of God.” It is the most important of the Five Pillars and