ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Roosevelt was the 32 nd president of the United States of America. Polenberg asserts that “This most enigmatic of men become the most influential American political leader of the twentieth century.” (2).He is one of the most reputable and respected president in the history of America. He rose to power in breaking the record by ruling for more than to terms. Apart from Roosevelt, there is no any other American president that has ever been elected for more than two terms. During his era as the president of America, the country had been hit by an economic meltdown that caused the entire country to crumple financially. He was fundamental in the creation of the American liberalism. Polenberg was also careful to note that Roosevelt “changed forever the way politicians use mass media to present their massages and themselves to the electorate” (2). Before he was elected president, he had made some promises to the electorate if they voted him for him in his bid for the prudency. Throughout his presidency, Roosevelt kept each of his promises to the people and that made him a very popular president among all the citizens from all walks of life. According to Polenberg, “March-June, first hundred days, witnesses the creation of the National Recovery Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority and Civilian Conservation Corps” (229). September of the same year he was elected president, he had a rotating retirement-fund plan operational to satisfy for the aging population. As Polenberg writes in his book, “FDR maintained that the time had come to replace competition with cooperation.” (5). The Greatest achievement of Roosevelt was the Law of Spending meant to combat the ‘Roosevelt recession’ (Polenberg 39). All through his presidency, he was very specific with policies that were created and designed to fight the looming economic meltdown. The business communities and stakeholders had begun to fight against his policies and argued that his policies where not helping in the recovery of the economy. He was not ready to give up to the pressure and instead he pushed and continued formulating more policies to save the economy. One of them includes the social security program as well as the emphasis by his administration on taxation. Roosevelt imposed heavier taxes on the affluent and wealthy citizens while relieving the middle and low income earners. He was also responsible for the formulation of regulatory policies for industries such as the banking and the public utilities (Polenberg 39). Polenberg claims that Roosevelt justified these policies by arguing that “the role of government was to protect the general welfare to guard against the disastrous social consequences” (5). According to Polenberg, Roosevelt felt that it would be disastrous “if individuals are allowed to do as they please with the natural resources to line their own pockets during their life time” (5). It was under his tenure as the president of
Criminologists are tasked with conducting research to determine crime typology and to do profiling. The crime topology and profiling can best be established by theorizing and application of tested principles that aid the criminologist to understand various causes and treatments of crime (Siegel, 2013). The following paper reviews criminal theories that relate to serial killers and how they explain the motivation of the Zodiac Killer. Different theories explain the cause of crime based on the human nature, biological factors, sociological, and economic aspects. Zodiac Killer has remained to be a mystery; hence, no single theory can be used to explain the works of the Zodiac Killer. Some of the theories that can explain the killings are the classical and neoclassical theories. The theories are based on behavioral practices. For instance, the classical theory stipulates that criminals derive pleasure from inflicting pain on the victim. The explanation is based on the principle that behavior of human beings is due to free will, which is informed by a rational choice. As a result, pain and pleasure are crucial in the identification and explaining particular human behavior. In relation to the Zodiac Killer, the cryptograms, and letters to the newspapers written by the killer could be an explanation of the Zodiac having been deriving joy from his acts. Even though the classical theory tends to explain the work of the Zodiac Killer, i
Introduction Salsa music is predominant in Latin America. However, it is difficult to define the term salsa. This is because there is no concise definition of the term that is applicable when one is talking about salsa music. Salsa is a term borrowed from Spanish language and it refers to a spiced up cuisine in Latin and Caribbean culture. Since every culture values its traditional dishes and spices are used to make food attractive and sweeter, then one can say that salsa refers to a very beautiful and attractive music. In addition, sweet food is made up of different components meaning that even salsa music is made up of different styles and variations. This could explain the reason why up to date we do not have a concise definition of this beautiful music. In general terms salsa music could be taken to mean a very smooth and beautiful music which has a very joyful and vibrant carnival beat with rhythms that have roots in Africa, Caribbean and Latin origins. The term is mostly used when were referring to a famous Cuban music genre especially chacha. This essay is going to describe the emergence of this new music genre and its development from a historical point of view. Great musicians who molded this genre will also be highlighted in the discussion. Origin of Salsa Music The origin of salsa music is as complex as it is definition. However, musicians and historians agree that salsa music must have originated in Latin America. It was introduced in Latin America by Africans who were shipped into the region by Spaniards as slaves. African had a very elaborate musical instruments such as conga and different percussion instruments and it is believed that they introduced these instruments in the region. In addition, these instruments are heavily used in salsa music. Others believe that emergence of salsa has a relationship with social upheavals in the region. Therefore we end up having two schools of thought when we are tracing the origin of salsa music. The first schools of thought represent those who believe that salsa music originated in Cuba. According to the first school of thought the ‘Cuban Son’ laid the foundation of what today we refer to as salsa music’ (Lamadrid, 2005). Cuban son appeared in 1917 in Havana. During this period the Danzon dance was very popular in Cuba. Danzon dance was an old music style that dated back to 1879 and was embraced both by the elite and the commoners in the society, but it could not prevent emergence of Cuban Son. The son borrowed lot from Danzon dance but its form was different. Additionally, the son had very distinct music and sound that was totally different from the Danzon. This uniqueness was brought about by the use of percussion and rhythms introduced by Africans as mentioned earlier. Lamadrid (2005) asserts that ‘the son originated specifically in Oriente Provence, which is located in the eastern region of Cuba. Apart from musical instruments with African origin other instruments were invented in order to flavor to the Son. They included: bongos, marimburala, quijada, timbales criollos, cowbell, botijuela, and the
Shenzhen Winon Logistics Company Shenzhen Winon Logistic is a Chinese company located in Shenzhen. The firm provides diverse services to its customers in the field of transport. Some of these services include ocean services, parcel express services, rail and air services, and inland truck services. Over the years, the firm has managed to develop a strong management team with the capacity to offer expert logistic services. As a result of integrating customer responsibility, the company has been able to retain a large customer base. In order to improve convenience in its operation, the firm has incorporated the concept of cross- docking. According to Palmer (2005, p. 21), cross- docking is defined as the process of procuring finished products from the manufacturer and delivering them to the final consumer with minimal handling in the process. As a result of handling a large volume of cargoes for its customers each month, the firm’s management team considered it necessary to incorporate the concept of cross docking in an effort to reduce handling cost. Through cross- docking, the firm is able to supply merchandise directly to its customers thus minimizing warehousing cost. The resultant effect is that the firm is able to operate cost effectively. In addition, the firm is able to meet customers’ demand with regard to speed and agility (Creative Vision Foundation, 2008, para. 1-3). Zhangzhou Excellent Import and Export Company Limited This firm was established in 2008 and it operates within the Chinese food industry. The company has a human resource base of 100 employees. The company deals with the production and export of a variety of canned foods in China. In addition, the firm also produces and supplies frozen food products. Some of these products include pineapples, baby corn, frozen vegetables, sweet corn, lychee, and canned mushroom. The firm operates on an international scale but its key markets are in such diverse regions as the Middle East, Africa, Russia, Middle Asia and Europe. Considering the competitive nature of the food industry, the firm’s management team realized the importance ensuring that the customers attain value in the process of consuming its products. In an effort to achieve this, the firm’s management team recognized the importance of ensuring value not only in the product itself, but also in other aspects of the product. One of these strategies with the management team considered paramount relates to product distribution. As a result, the firm integrated the concept of cross docking in an effort to ensure that it saves on the customer’s time and money in their consumption process. According to Blanchard (2008), cross docking enables a firm to close the timeline between the t
Literary heritage of Edmund Spenser and John Donne is rich in sensual pieces of poetry dedicated to love and women. Even though not all of their works depict beauty, both authors show their views on female body in the following pieces. In Book I Canto 8 of “The Faerie Queen,” Spenser provides a grotesque description of stripping off the character while in “To His Mistress Going to Bed,” Donne pays tribute to the yet untouched beauty of the narrator’s beloved woman. Although the representation of the theme is different in two pieces, they both address the questions of human desire, pleasure, and shame. Both pieces under analysis are focused on the theme of female body and the feelings evoked by it. “To His Mistress Going to Bed” may be considered as a highly erotic poem. In this piece, Donne describes the process of undressing of the narrator’s beloved woman in a delicate and refined manner. The woman’s beauty is depicted with the most gentle and soft words. The narrator invites his mistress to undress and join him “In this love’s hallow’d temple, this soft bed” (Donne 18). While Donne’s poem depicts female body as something beautiful and sensuous, Spenser’s piece talks about it as of an extremely hideous and unpleasant thing. Upon removing the clothes from the witch, spectators meet a horrifying scene of ugliness and unpleasantness. The body of Duessa appears not to be what everyone expected: “Such is the face of falshood, such the sight / Of fowle Duessa , when her borrowed light /Is laid away, and counterfesaunce knowne” (Spenser 49.4-6). Unlike Donne’s heroine whose stripping is impatiently expected by the narrator, Duessa’s process of undressing evokes the feelings of disgust and repulsion. Although the theme of female body is disclosed differently in two poems, both authors resort to a variety of devices to make the idea clear and to engage the readers in the perception of it. Spenser uses rhetoric of revulsion to address the question of shame. The witch that is being undressed is entitled to a variety of disgusting features. Duessa’s “misshapèd parts did them appall / A loathly, wrinckled hag, ill favoured, old” (Spenser 46.7-8). The author draws attention to the fact that no outer beauty or ornaments can disguise the “secret filth” of a person, and sooner or later, everyone’s bad secrets will become known (Spenser 46. 9). Spenser employs many similes such as “drièd dugs, like bladders lacking wind” (47.6), “wrizled skin as rough, as maple rind” (47.8). The author uses h
The understanding of medical terminology, as well as the ability to interpret new terms with the acquired knowledge of word parts, namely word roots, suffixes, and prefixes, is a vital part of the educational process for every future medical professional. The article “Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes” published in The New England Journal of Medicine in June 2017 uses the terminology on the subjects of treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, various treatment effects, and outcomes. The authors of this article explore the effects of canagliflozin treatment in patients with diabetes, focusing on complications connected to renal conditions, such as albuminuria and diuresis, and cardiovascular conditions, like myocardial infarction and hypoglycemia. Neal et al. (2017) conclude that the use of canagliflozin may have positive effects, as it lowers the risk of hospitalization and death from cardiovascular conditions and reduces the intensity of albuminuria and the necessity of amputation. The purpose of this paper is to locate various medical terms and define them and their possible constituents such as word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. The first group of medical terms, which can be defined in this paper, is a number of words with a word root album , which means protein. The article contains multiple words with this root such as albumin , albuminuria , macroalbuminuria , and microalbuminuria . First of all, Martin (2015) defines albumin as a type of protein that is “soluble in water and coagulated by heat” (p. 20). The suffix – in in the word albumin contains the meaning of a material substance. Secondly, the words albuminuria, macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria also share the suffix – uria , which relates to urine and more specifically to various diseases of the urine (“Common medical terminology,” 2017). Consequently, the term albuminuria has the meaning of the presence of protein in the urine. Finally, the last two terms mentioned above contain prefixes macro – and micro -, meaning large and small respectively. Therefore, these terms bear the meanings of having high or low levels of albumin in urine. There are other medical terms, found in this article, that are related to the word urine. For example, such words as urinary and genitourinary have the word root urin and the suffix – ary , which indicates the connection to something, in this case, to urine. Furthermore, prefix genito – pertains to reproductive organs, pointing out that conditions described with the adjective genitourinary have a connection to both urinary and reproductive systems. The term diuresis describes a condition when the amount of urine that is produced by the kidneys is too large (Venes, 2017). The word root here is diure , meaning to urinate, and the suffix – sis denotes a motion or a process (“Common medical terminology,” 2017). Words containing the word root ren define every condition connected to kidneys (Cohen & DePetris, 2013). For instance, in this article, the authors use the adjectives renal and intrarenal that consist of the word root ren and the su
Talent retention has always been one of the highest priorities of any company as it is often associated with gaining competitive advantages. Organizations operating in the market of new technologies have various opportunities to retain talent and ensure the high morale and performance of their employees. Competitive salaries are only a part of retention solutions such companies can use. This paper includes a brief description of possible talent retention solutions and associated benchmarks that can be utilized at Visioneer, an intellectual imaging technologies developer. As mentioned above, high or rather competitive salaries often serve as a potent retention tool. However, this technique can be insufficient, especially when it comes to innovating employees. Intellectual property agreements can contribute to talent retention as employees will secure the ownership of employees’ innovation. Innovators should receive benefits, be it financial or reputational gains. In terms of these contracts, the company should guarantee the protection of an employee’s intellectual property. Since it can be more difficult to protect one’s property for an individual, employees would see th
Introduction This book explores the issue of attitudes and satisfaction of employees within organizations. The paper also describes the meaning of employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Article Overview The paper generally addresses the issue of employee attitudes and job satisfaction. These are some of the major concepts that are studied within the broad spectrum of organizational behavior. Generally, the article explores three main gaps that exist between Human resources practices and employee attitudes towards their jobs. The main three areas are reasons that lead to the emergence of employee attitudes, the issues arising from job dissatisfaction and satisfaction, and the ways of measuring and influencing employee attitudes. These are the main objectives that the article seeks to achieve. The paper also provides scientific research and recommendations for each gap mentioned above. There are also recommendations that help in enhancing organizations in the areas of employee attitudes and job satisfaction. The means of implementing these practices in the organization are also addressed. Employees normally exhibit different attitudes towards their jobs careers or the organization itself. Job satisfaction is mainly taken to the most focal form of employee attitudes in this article. The concept of job satisfaction is defined by Locke (1304) as an emotional state that is exhibited by employees culminating from one’s job appraisal or experiences. The main points covered in the article include the causes of employee attitudes, the impact of positive or negative job satisfaction, and how to measure and influence employee attitudes. The article also describes the means of closing these gaps and for evaluating the effectiveness of employee attitudes and job satisfaction. There are also recommendations and directions for future developments in the field. Concerning the cause of employee attitudes, the Author indicated that the work situation is the major cause. He argues that HR is able to control this problem through organizational programs and management practices. The other source is dispositional influences. For instance, childhood temperament was found to be a statistically significant determinant of an employee’s job satisfaction. Other causes are cultural influences and work situation influences. They were all found to significant determinants of employee attitude. Concerning the effects of employee negative and positive satisfaction, the articles sought to understand whether satisfied employees are productive employees. Even if earlier researches concluded that there was no relationship between job satisfaction and performance, recent researches have revealed that there is a high correlation between the two (Organ 549). Job performance was therefore found to be pre
Causes of organized crime In order to assess what are the causes of organized crime, we have to begin by assessing what organized crime is. But here we encounter the first big problem. As to date, there is no clear and widely accepted definition of organized crime. There have been several attempts to try and define organized crime but all of these attempts have not produced the desired consensus. Nevertheless, there have been positive steps made in this regard. Among investigators, there is a rising consensus on what constitutes an organized crime. They have determined four pillars, principles, around which a criminal organization is formed. Understanding these four principles will enable us to understand the roots of organized crime. These principles are that the criminal organization first of all should be a continuing organization, one that operates rationally and for-profits, it does this through the use of threats and force if necessary and, finally, it uses corruption as a means of maintaining immunity from law enforcement. In fact, it would seem that a criminal organization operates as a business firm. Many authors would agree that actually, a criminal organization is a criminal enterprise that rationally works for profits from illicit activities. Furthermore, the criminal organization achieves these results by exploiting criminal opportunities which are:   * Those that provide easy access to illegal funds without creating high risks;   * And those formed by motivated offenders; Thus, we can conclude that the causes of organized crime can be attributed to the opportunities presented to conduct illegal activities and benefit from those more than you would benefit from conducting legal activities. Another source is the efforts that criminals themselves make to expand and enhance their profit activities. They realize that organizing and working in groups can achieve better results than what they can achieve alone. Difference between people smuggling and human trafficking People smuggling cannot be defined only as the crossing of the borders from one country to the other without having a visa or permission. Smuggling is also to move goods, products, from one country to the other without paying custom taxes or registering them. This is a big difference with human trafficking. Human trafficking is to move people to another country and sell them as they were products, not human beings. In fact, most of the people that are trafficked are used for cheap labor resources or for sex labor slaves. Horribly they are even used for human organs trading. That is the most horrible aspect. So, the difference between smuggling and human traffickin
The CN Tower Overview of the CN Tower The CN Tower is an amazing observation and communication tower standing in Ontario Canada. The tower was built by a railway company known as Canadian National (CN) which is also an important source for the name CN Tower. Its construction was completed in 1976 with a height of 1,815.4 ft or 553.33 meters tall (Anon. 70). Studies indicate that after its completion, the tower was considered to be the tallest in the world and was able to hold this record for about 43 years until others such as the Canton and Burj Khalifa Towers were built (Anon. 70). However, it is imperative to note that in the western hemisphere, the CN Tower still holds an impressive record as a free structure that is tallest and also serves as a Canadian symbol and an icon in the skyline of Toronto. Every year, millions of tourists often visit this astounding structure in Canada. It is worth mentioning that the CN Tower was considered by the American society of civil engineers as one of the modern seven wonders in 1995 (Siry 265). Architectural program for the site Baggaley indicates that the work of constructing the tower began in 1973 after plans to develop a large communication platform for TV and radio in Canada was finalized (135). The CN Tower project team members were a group of structural engineers like Canron, Foundation Building Construction, Housden Architects, Menkes, Zerafa, Webb and John Andrews Architects. However, it was noted that this plan would have made the tower shorter. Therefore, engineers rectified the previous plan and came up with the current structure which has one core that is hexagonal and continuous with three pillars. The construction of the tower began by massive excavation of shale and dirt amounting to 56,000 tones (Baggaley