ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Commercial banks have significant functions in every economy. This paper first critically examines the roles of commercial banks. It then analyses the crisis of Northern Rock Bank, in relation to the roles of the commercial banks. Prior to the actual analysis of the case of the Northern Rock bank is a brief background that elaborates the scenario of the Northern Rock Bank Crisis. The paper then ends with a summary that highlights the key points discusses. Roles of Commercial Banks The roles of commercial banks are separated into two groups including primary roles and secondary roles (Hon, 2008). The primary roles of a commercial bank involve granting advances and loans and receiving deposits. A key, significant action of a commercial bank is to collect deposits from the civic. Individuals who hold extra savings and income find it suitable to deposit the sums with banks. Money deposited with the bank normally makes interest, depending on the nature of deposits (Shleifer and Vishny, 1992). Therefore, deposits with the bank develop alongside the interest made. In case the rate of interest is towering, public are motivated to deposit extra money with the bank. The bank also provides security on deposited funds. Another vital role of a commercial bank is to offer advances and loans. These advances and loans are offered to members of the civic and to the business society at a higher interest rate than permitted by banks on a range of deposit accounts. Interest rates associated with advances and loans differ depending on the function, phase and the form of reimbursement. The chief source of a bank’s revenue is the difference involving the rate charged on loans and rate of interest permitted on deposits. Loans are offered for an exact time phase. Habitually, commercial banks offer short-term loans. However, other loans that last for about one year, term loans, can also be offered. The person being financed can extract the amount in installments or lump sum. Nevertheless, interest is determined on the whole sum of the loan. Loans are usually offered against the security of definite material goods. It is possible to repay in either installments or a lump sum. Banks offer advices, which are credit facilities presented to clients (Saunders, 1996). Advances differ from loan in the logic that loans may be established for long phases, but advances are usually offered for a short phase. Besides, the function of offering advances is to satisfy the daily necessities of business. Interest rates associated with advances differ from one bank to the other. Interest is normally indicted on the sum withdrawn and not on the endorsed quantity. Overdraft, bill discounting and cash credit are among the ways in which banks grants short-term monetary aid. Cash credit refers to a deal in which the bank lets a client draw sums up to a precise bound (Diamond and Dybvig, 1983). The quantity is credited to the client’s account. The client can remove this sum when and as he wants. Interest is normally indicted on the quantity taken. Cash Credit is offered as indicated by established terms conditions and terms with the clients
Introduction Many men find it hard to handle the stress that comes with the loss of a job. There have been cases where men have attempted to commit suicide after losing their jobs. Many of them, however, opt to go back to their old stress-relieving behaviors for consolation. Sebastian, for example, went back to drinking. He could not imagine his family suffering while he was alive. His interpretation of this situation was that he had disappointed the family. Drinking was, therefore, a way of managing his stress. Problem statement Sebastian has much stress because of losing his job. He has been behaving abnormally in recent days. Precisely, he shouts at his wife, children, and any other person who interacts with him. He can no longer provide for his family. He cannot buy food, clothes, shelter, and other basic amenities. Lack of these things is the cause of his stress. Justification Sebastian needed to get pastoral care. He’s yelling and shouting was a sign of his stress. If we had not given him our services, he could even have harmed his wife and children. Such c
Introduction According to Anandarajan and Simmers (2002), many homes today are increasingly being connected to the internet following advancements in technology. The paper provides interesting perspectives on how a number of aspects regarding the internet have progressed, and as well as the progress as far as access and use of health information is concerned (Anandarajan & Simmers, 2002). Internet Users It has been approximately three decades since the United States’ government introduced a network that was primarily designed for research and academic. During the time, it was connected to a few hosts, who mainly constituted corporate and academic laboratories. Twelve years later, internet users had grown to fifty million, and by 2009, the figure had hit a one-billion mark. In the year 2013, the number of global internet users had increased to 2.1 billion, constituting forty percent of the total world population. By 2012, the number of websites had increased to six hundred and thirty-four from a hundred and thirty in 1993. With time, the number of search engines also grew, and today, Google reports a record three billion queries every single day compared to nine thousand eight-hundred queries in 1993 (Tittel & Robbins, 1995). Mobile The year 1973 saw the invention of the first mobile phone, and thirty years later the 3G mobile network came into effect. By the year 2007, there were approximately three-hundred million subscribers to the mobile network globally. The 4G mobile network, an advanced version, was launched in 2009, and its rate of usage was simultaneous to that of Smartphone. According to studies, at least 1.4 hours are dedicated to internet activity every single day by cell phone users. The introduction of the Smartphone came with a number of mobile applications, which are not only addictive and fun but also informative (Domingue, 2011). There has been a transformation regarding the manner in which people all over the world uses the internet since its invention (Lipscomb, 1996). Today, the internet occupies a critical part in our everyday life, and it is certainly indispensable. The nature of internet usage is changing rapidly, especially in the telecommunication sector. In the past, applications were underdeveloped and asynchronous with sequential interactions. However, the past decade has seen a plethora of highly efficient applications, such as instant chats and video messaging (Bertot & McClure, 1999). The figure below shows the number of internet users with the percentage of the world’s population that each represents. These figures will be used in calculating the average rate of growth that will ultimately to project the number of internet users by the end of December 2014. Year           Internet Users  % of World’s Population December 2008  1,574,000,000   23.5 %                  December 2009  1,734,000,000   25.6 %
Introduction The place, function, and importance of religious images in the Byzantine Empire were a subject of concern for both the secular Emperor rulers and the religious leaders. Byzantine Iconoclasm concerns the banning of the veneration of religious icons within the Empire. The point of contention amongst the proponents of iconoclasm (iconoclasts) and those in support of the veneration of these images (iconophiles) lay in the analysis of whether the reverence of these images alienated the divine Christ or not. The need to ensure that the actions and beliefs of the people of the Byzantine Empire were acceptable to Christ, and drew favor from the heavens, was born out of the prevalent belief of the time that the fortunes of the kingdom were designed by the Christian savior Jesus Christ. Christianity was the dominant religion of the Byzantine Empire, and the Emperors were particularly keen to act in accordance with the designs and providence of the Christian God. The growth, power, and influence of the Byzantine Empire coincided with the belief in the power of religious images, especially those portraying Christ, in exercising divine influence on the fortunes of the Empire and its political and religious leaders. Therefore, Byzantine Iconoclasm was born of a desire by the Emperors of various eras in the Byzantine history to align the fortunes of the Empire, according to what they believed was the will of God. Byzantine Iconoclasm occurred in two different historical times, the first being in the Eighth Century AD ( in the period 730-787 AD), and the second in the Ninth Century (In the period 814-842) 1 . In both periods of Iconoclasm, emperors that were fearful of the wrath of God for the collective sin of idolatry within the Byzantine Empire banned the presence of these images in churches or their use as substitutes for the divine Christ. Naturally, such decrees, besides causing inevitable rifts with the religious leaders, also led to a dearth of artistic images in the places of worship within the Empire during the Iconoclastic periods. The First Iconoclastic Period (730-787 AD) During the reign of Emperor Leo III in the Eighth Century, the Byzantine Empire suffered several military defeats at the hands of Musl
Introduction The paper presents the case of China income inequality (II). The fast economic growth of the country has resulted in a very high Gini coefficient due to the discriminatory policies of the government. Nowadays, China works to reduce the geographical disparities as well as those between rural and urban populations, which presupposes rectifying the damage done by the previous governmental policies. Still, the government appears to neglect one of the reasons for II: social disparities (in particular, in the terms of education opportunities). It is suggested, therefore, that more attention is paid to this issue. Sociology of Work: Income Inequality According to Strangleman (2015: 29), the sociology of work is concerned with regarding and understanding “the nature of the social structures that enable and constrain work practices and cultures in their different forms.” In other words, it considers the complex phenomena that are incorporated in the process of work within social context on both macro and micro levels, in the static and dynamic status, separately and in their combinations (Strangleman 2015:29). It is obvious that the field of scholarship is extremely vast and covers numerous topics, one of which is the II issue. II means the differences between the wages paid to different groups of people. II is often regarded together with wealth inequality (WI), and the two phenomena are related indeed. The term “wealth” is used to define the accumulated property; “income” presupposes a regular influx of money, be it wages, salary, investment interest and so on (Janoski 2013:427). II is always lower than WI since higher income allows accumulating wealth faster and easier (Janoski 2013:429). Extreme II and WI are harmful to the society (Janoski 2013; the World Bank 2015; Oxfam 2015; the Institute for Policy Studies 2015). Their primary consequence is the decreased social solidarity, which leads to political dissatisfaction and crimes (including homicide). Naturally, II also means that the low-income part of the society possesses fewer opportunities (for example, education and healthcare), which leads to issues like increased teenage pregnancies occurrence, higher crime rates, shorter lifespan, and so on (Janoski 2013:430). As a result, II and WI are being measured and monitored nowadays, and attempts at decreasing them are being made. The One Percent In 2006, the World Institute for Development Economics Research published the data that described the state of the economy of the world in the year 2000. According to this information, one percent of the world’s adult population possessed 39.9% of the world’s wealth, which was about 3.4 times more than the possessions of the poorest 95% (Institute for Policy Studies 2015). Since then the situation has cha
There is no doubt that it is extremely important for members of any developed society to pay increased attention to the issues related to healthcare because health remains the supreme value for the authorities. As for the United States, it needs to be said that specialists from the country make attempts to improve healthcare system and to encourage healthcare providers such as nurses to grow professionally. Speaking about the most important innovations proposed by the researchers in the field, it is necessary to mention the initiative supported by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Committee which remains one of the largest social service organizations in the United States. With the help of specialists from the organization, the report on the future of nursing was prepared; having analyzed the report and the positive changes that it has encouraged, one can understand that the proposed improvements can definitely help to meet the demands of healthcare that are increasing together with the growth of technology. In reference to the discussed report that has been prepared to propel healthcare in the United States to the next level, it needs to be noted that it touches upon a range of problems that can be regarded as topics of interest for many nurses in the country. To begin with, the points covered in the report include the problem of operational practice (Lowe, 2016). As is clear from the report, it is important to ensure that nurses are provided with the opportunity to apply their knowledge into practice and use their skills. More than that, the authors highlight that it is of the utmost importance that nurses can use the resources provided by the modern education system in order to develop their skills. Apart from that, the importance of collaboration of healthcare specialists should not be underestimated, and this is why the report states that the opinion and contribution of nurses should be as valued as one of other specialists. What is more, significant changes should be implemented to IT infrastructure closely interconnected with the work of healthcare providers. Therefore, the report touches upon many spheres related to nursing profession that may be inextricably connected with problems. It is clear that recommendations outlined in the report can be considered as extremely important for all the people related to the profession. Despite constant development of technology, millions of people still suffer from various diseases, and nurses remain the specialists whose work maintains the appropriate level of health among the population. In fact, it can be said that the assumptions expressed by the authors of the report are important for practice, education, and workforce development related to the field of nursing. It cannot be denied that constant practice increases nurse’s chances to act immediately and make sound decisions in case of unforeseen situations. Apart from that, proper education acts as a factor improving the quality of nurses’ work and reducing the number of mistakes. As for nursing workforce development, this sphere would also benefit from the implementation of the recommendations included in the report be
Introduction Many countries do not prioritize baseball as a major game simply because it as famous as other games such as soccer, American football and basketball. The reason for this is not particularly hard to discern. This is because very few have a complete knowledge of the rules of playing the game. Baseball is a bat and ball game considered and played as a national game in America. The game has created a lot of interest amongst the Americans because of the intense competition it creates between the opposing sides during the game. It is a game played between two teams of nine players each. Fielding and batting are the known two teams playing the game where by the fielders are meant to defend the ball from the batting team. During the game, the ball is to be hit hard by the batting team and the “hitter” to stop at a base before proceeding to other bases. Once one has become a player in this game, his/her first objective is to be a perfect hitter. Various teams have been facing great challenges and have significantly created weaknesses. Even though the weaknesses might be considered as minor, their effects in the capacity of a team to win a game may be drastically reduced because of the amount of holes created in the team’s offense or defense. This may be due to lack of appropriate skills that normally demand intense dedication to develop. “Here are some drills to help with one such small weakness, hitting. When a team’s hitting is weak, it is important to do baseball hitting drills to help players become stronger in this area” (Goldman and Kahrl, 2010). Hitting Skills To develop the hitting skills in this game, it is imperative that a player develops full knowledge in the biomechanics of baseball swing. Studies on the biomechanics swing of this game have been done in recent years with the aim of developing it. According to Albert (2003). “The biomechanics of the baseball swing can be described four phases: Stance, Recoil, Sw
In the world of prevailing dynamism, that is moving from progress to greater progress, or better said beauty to higher beauty in an endless motion, underneath all ostensible pandemonium and bewilderment. This has happened down the ages of history in every century and artists in each century have depicted the society in their artwork through conscious formulations. Nicolas Poussin is one such painter and his selected work, “ The Adoration of the Golden Calf ”, for the analysis is an example of art with “ profound humane values of religion and dramatization ” (Boorstin 176). The painting (153.4 x 211.8 cm) was created in 1633-1634 on the medium ‘oil on canvas’ (Boorstin 176). Nicolas Poussin (1594 –1665) was born in France and he drew in Classical style. His work can be distinctively identified by the use of logical order of placement of characters in the paintings with emphasis on lines over the use of color. Clarity is another significant aspect in his paintings. During his time, the 17th century, “ Baroque style was the major driving art force ” (Boorstin 175) but he decided to serve as an alternative force and persisted with the Classical style. “ Paul Cézanne and Jacques-Louis David considered him as a major inspiration ” (Boorstin 175). The subject of the painting is based on Hebrew bible that depicts the story of the Israelites while Moses was away to Mount Sinai. They created an idol of the Egyptian calf demigod and decided to erect a temple in its honor. The scene depicted in the painting is the situation when the idol is being given adulation before the arrival of Moses. The fundamental aspects of the painting are deep rooted in its motifs that consist of ethnocentric approach. This means, the essence of the painting is predominantly based on ethnic or tribal approach. It is definitely primitive as it was conceived before the development of the Ancient or Classical era. The term ‘totem’ indicates motifs or tribal gods. In this case the Golden Calf is definitely such a motif. This Golden calf was also the symbol of the tribe. By symbol, it means that the Calf became the identifying motif of the tribe (Sayre 224). In the painting, dark colors are often used to show calmness. Also, when painting, if one uses wider and more circular strokes with a lighter press on the brush, so, it would be more advisable to use lighter. Lighter colors often give off a feeling of warmth and happiness, which is something that one would like to be doing. The entire painting is painted with the help of Implied Lines. The lines are merged with the subject of the painting. The curved lines of the tree and the lines of the hills make the painting well balanced. The artist has used Organic Shapes and not geometric shapes in the painting. The hill can be enumerated as a geometric shape but in reality the artist has transformed it into a natural curve to make it a part of the nature. The mass in the painting is implied with the use of dark and light color. The dark colors starts from left of the canvas and gradually turn
For this discussion, I decided to focus on Unilever which is a multinational company of consumer goods, headquartered in the city of London, England. This organization’s products include food, drinks, cheese, tea, ice cream, baby foods, water, chewing gum, coffee, pet food, and many other different goods. Concerning this company’s strategic direction, it can be concluded that it has a clearly defined and specific strategy. This business believes in the power of sustainable business and desires to contribute to the creation of a world where every person can have a good life within the limits of the planet (“About our strategy,” n.d.). I resonate with the main purpose of this organization and wish more modern companies would focus on the concept of sustainability to ensure better living for the generations to come. In my opinion, this company does not need to change its strategic direction. This claim is primarily based on the fact that this company’s main goal is to make people’s life better by providing them with high-quality goods as well as having a small impact on the environment they live in. In addition, the