ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The industry of health care is closely connected to the industrial activities sector, which has the largest impact on the atmosphere through polluting the air, soil, and waters (Eckelman & Sherman, 2016). Researchers have extensively studied how harmful emissions from production and other operations can be attributed to the sector of health care and whether the industry harms the population’s health. According to the recent research conducted by Eckelman and Sherman (2016), the prevention of health sector pollution is of high importance due to the variability of waste that the industry produces. For instance, ambient air pollution is concerning for researchers because it is associated with emitting fine particulate matter into the air through various vehicles such as stationary sources or fuel combustion. Air pollution is especially important to consider when discussing the impact of the healthcare industry on the environment because emissions have proven to damage public health, leading to increased healthcare costs for citizens. It has been reported that, on average, Americans pay $3.4 trillion per year for medical care without getting any “impressive results” (Bloom, 2017, para. 1). This figure is expected to grow with the expansion of industries since the harmful emissions into the atmosphere along with growing landfills only harm a society’s health. While air pollution is a preoccupying aspect of the healthcare industry that deserves greater attention, it is crucial to discuss plastic waste. The largest category of plastic waste that the healthcare industry produces is disposable packaging, which makes up roughly 50% of total waste (Circle Economy, n.d.). Such plastic is produced from more than fifteen different materials, which is challenging for the recycling industry. It has been advised to facilitate a shift towards the use of a single material, which will subsequently lead to better recycling and recovery of disposable plastic packaging (Circle Economy, n.d.). Even though the healthcare industry aims to preserve and improve populations’ health, it harms the environment due to the use of disposable products and emitting harmful particles into the air.
Introduction Background of the Study According to Spencer (2016), rape is a type of assault, which involves involuntary sexual intercourse with victims. Most rape cases entail physical assault whereby a perpetrator exerts a corporal force on the victim. However, they may also include sexual exploitation, whereby a perpetrator defiles a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as a mentally incapacitated, unconscious, or underage person (Helman 2018). Both women and men can be victims of rape but the latter is considered the biggest perpetrator of the crime (Spencer 2016). Broadly, there are three types of rape: stranger rape, marital rape, and date rape (Gravelin, Biernat, and Bucher 2019). Stranger rape is defined by its name because the victim and the assailant have no prior relationship. However, marital rape cases occur among people who know each other. Comparatively, date rape cases happen when “familiar” people sexually assault their victims (Gravelin, Biernat, and Bucher (2019). For example, it could occur among friends, colleagues, or even someone known to a victim for only a few hours while having a drink. Generally, perpetrators of rape know their victims (Helman 2018). Rape has a significant psychological impact on affected people. For example, most of them suffer from trauma or posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) because of psychological torture (Spencer 2016). Serious cases of sexual assault may be detrimental to a person’s health because they predispose them to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Thompson and Ortiz 2016). Some rape cases may also result in unwanted pregnancies. Rape incidences vary across jurisdictions, but there is a consensus among researchers that most of them are underreported (Helman 2018). For example, it is estimated that about 95,000 cases of rape occur every year and only 15,000 of them are reported to the police (Gravelin, Biernat, and Bucher 2019). These statistics mean that thousands of rape cases are unreported every year, highlighting a fundamental problem with how society views the crime. In some countries, there is a low level of awareness about the assault because some rapists intimidate victims, while others are subdued into accepting the crime through informal mediation or threats from family members (Helman 2018). Noneth
Importance of education The place of education cannot be overestimated in the modern world. Elder people understand that knowledge is one of the main ways for success in the future. Those who have profound knowledge in different spheres and specialize in one specific field can achieve high results in their careers. But, this information is available and understood by parents, children are not so conversant with this issue. Thus, it is possible to conclude that parents are those who should encourage and help their children study. There are a lot of different strategies which may be helpful for parents in this question, but there are three main things each parent should do to help a child to do better at school. Children’s success depends on their parents One cannot reject that each child has a right to attend public school and succeed there. All parents want their children to be prosperous and they are to help them. School education is the process which should be guided by parents. Much research has been provided in the sphere of the connection between school and home. Scientists have proved that school-home collaboration in the questions of a child’s studying is useful. Close connection between school and home enhance students’ desire to study as they see that parents support them in this difficult but really interesting initiative. [1] The research conducted by Jan Hughes and Oi-man Kwok [2] shows that children study better when they see collaboration between parents and school. Thus, if children’s success also depends on the actions of their parents, they should act. We would like to offer a list of three main things parents should do to help their children do better at school. First of all, parents should make sure that
Thesis statement One of the most striking characteristics of post-industrial living is the fact that currently dominant socio-political and cultural discourses grow increasingly marginalized, in intellectual sense of this word. In its turn, this explains why, as time goes on, more and more people are being tempted to seek answers to life’s secrets in tabloid press and in the books by self-appointed ‘experts on morality’, known for their tendency to utilize sophistically sounding but essentially meaningless New Age phraseology. The validity of this statement can be well illustrated in regards to continuously growing popularity of Rhonda Byrne’s book The Secret , first published in 2006. Despite the fact that in this book, Byrne had proven herself possessing a clearly defined anti-scientific outlook onto surrounding realities, it nevertheless did not prevent The Secret from becoming a bestseller, within a matter of a week, after its initial publishing. As it was noted by Smythe: “ The Secret props up faltering dogma by relying on charismatic representatives and a lot of smooth talk, which is so expert and cleverly edited it is easy to miss the false premises, tautologies… and other varieties of fuzzy thinking”. [1] The earlier articulated suggestion corresponds to the discussed subject matter (can literature ‘tell the truth’ better than other arts or areas of knowledge?) rather directly, as it helps to expose the potential fallaciousness of would-be positive reactions to assignment’s question, due to the sheer extent of question’s contextual inappropriateness. After all, there is ‘fictional’ and ‘scientific’ literature, with these two types of literature differing from each other qualitatively. And, as history shows, it is only the scientific literature that is being potentially capable of ‘telling the truth’. In our paper, we will aim to explore this hypothesis at length. Analytical part There is a number of so-called ‘eternal questions’, which never cease puzzling the majority of growing adolescents, endowed with genetically predetermined ability to indulge in abstract philosophizing, such as ‘what is the universe?’, ‘what is love?’, ‘what is the purpose of life?’, ‘what is death?’, etc. And, even today, many people continue to firmly believe that it is namely by reading the works of classical and contemporary fictional literature that youths would be able to find answers to these questions. The fact that as of today, the dogmas of political correctness are being forcibly imposed upon people in Western countries, created additional preconditions for the growing number of citizens to refer to the very process of reading as intellectually beneficial, regardless of the actual content of what it being read. As Griswold had put it: “Women readers of formulaic romance novels… whom academics formerly regarded as passive vessels into which mass culture poured its most mindless drivel, are now reconfigured as agents, cultural actors making decisions and insisting on their rights”. [2
This paper addresses how context and culture influence a person’s communication. Communication is a skill that combines what is learned through human interactions. Different forms of communication are used, such as crucial communication, written communication, and storytelling, which is the most valued form of communication (Business communication for success, 2015). The communication interconnection context involves position, scenes, and the participants’ expectations. Proficient communication context involves environmental cues such as sound, lighting, and territory that indirectly or directly affect behavior expectations and language among the contributors (Business communication for success, 2015). Conversely, the degree to which an environment becomes informal or formal is dependent on the context of the message held by those participating. Formal meetings, for instance, weddings, are official proceedings in which the event influences any presentation. Subsequently, cultures influence all the components of languages and the context of communication. Language use differs from one culture to another, how words connect to a specific environment, and the understanding process influences communication (Business communication for success, 2015). For example, in different English-speaking nations, the term “gift” indicates “present”. Consequently, in non-English speaking languages such as German, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish, the same word means “poison”. Cultural diversity leads to language barriers since the mindsets of individuals from various societies are different; their symbols and signs also have significant alterations. The role of languages and culture that people grew up with is creating prejudices, opinions, manners, and ethnocentrism. The way a person speaks behaves, and interacts with others is greatly affected by the culture that they were brought up in. For instance, Germans are very direct in their communication which is part of their culture. In contrast, Indian’s way of communicating is indirect, and they may view direct communication as rude. Specifically, a person’s instincts are grounded on decoding a message based on their culture while the audience interprets the
Introduction Stone age is a term that is used in reference to the pre-historic times basically between 600,000 to 700,000 years and ending at around 6,0000 B.C, the time that human beings began to make their own weapons and tools from stones (Ignacio, 2011, p. 770). Therefore, the term is associated with the tools and the equipments that the ancient people made from the stones. The Stone Age period was then followed by the bronze and iron ages respectively. Stone age period is clarified into three groups namely, Paleolithic period, Mesolithic period and Neolithic period. Every period of Stone Age is characterized by its own kind of tools and weapons that were used by these humans. The tools that were used by these humans were in tandem with the sophistication they inhabited. Even though information about stone age is not available due to lack of records in those times, scanty information has been gathered by the archeologists through study of the items they made such as tools, weapons, their shelter, stone inscription and other objects that were discovered . Most stones and bones which have been used in the study had inscriptions of designs. Furthermore, caves and drawings on walls of caves also helped in stressing the human species during that time. This category of human is classified as Homo sapiens. The Paleolithic period of the three periods is the oldest time stretching for approximate 2.5milion years BCE to around 10,000 years B.C and the human species during this time was Homo sapiens. The oldest tools which are estimated to be in existence from 2.6-2.5 million years ago was discovered in Africa at Gona near Ethiopia -a place that many stone artifacts were found. Between 100,000 to 150,000 years ago, an early species of human, Homo erectus was found in Asian Africa, china, and Europe. From their study, these species used stone tools and even axes which were manufactured through chipping of the stones in order to form an edge cutting. Other countries that these flint tools were found is North Africa, Siberia and in the Middle East. During this Stone Age period, human lived in caves and cliff overhangs. They also created there shelters from the bones, animal skins. For instance, the shelters that were inhabited by the Neanderthals were mainly huts, which were made of wood and had hearths for their fire. Other huts were made from animal hides which were interwoven over the wooden poles in their caves. A good example of this kind of huts was found in France at the place called Grotte du Lazaret. Furthermore, other caves that were interwoven with bones and hearths were found in France, Siberia, Ukraine and Russia (Herr, & Clark, 2009, p. 70). Rock painting was also a common venture in the Stone Age period especially the Paleolithic times. During this period, animals were painted on rocks and caves. Animals that were hunted and eaten and those that were deemed to be courageous represented strength. Such animals that were curved included rhinoceros/large cuts, lion, wild beast among many others The
Cybersecurity is one of the central issues in the operation of any modern technology or program. Any projects involve the transfer of confidential data both for internal use by companies and for external developments. Currently, I work as an IT project manager and lead a team that develops various products and programs for clients’ needs. I know that an IT project manager must operate significant amounts of information, ensure its confidentiality, and correct use to meet the needs of clients. For this reason, it is essential for me to know the features of cryptography algorithms as an IT project manager to ensure the security of customer information and develop the most secure and convenient product. A project manager is a professional who provides communication between clients and the team that creates the product. My main tasks as a project manager include the definition and set of tasks, control over their implementation, documentation, and constant communication with the client. For this reason, I constantly transmit, create, and manage a significant amount of documents and confidential information, which must be protected from unauthorized persons. Often this information has commercial value, so its leakage can cause losses to customers and legal consequences for performers. Consequently, one of my concerns as a project manager is knowing secure communication channels and ensuring that they are used correctly. For this reason, I must be able to assess the security risks and weaknesses of communication channels to prevent their use by intruders. For example, Alali et al. (2018) present a Fuzzy Inference Model for assessing security risks and highlight that the most common threats areas are DoS (and DDoS), malware, web-site defamation, spam, and e-mail phishing attacks. A correct risk assessment by a manager and taking measures to prevent them, for example, training the team and clients using special encryption programs for e-mail and secure communication systems will help keep client information safe. Thus, my other responsibility is to find and prevent all possible causes of information leakage and ensure that all my team members and clients know how to use different pieces of software and web-sites developed for internal communication. Moreover, this knowledge of data security risk assessment contributes to the correct determination of the client’s needs and the setting of tasks for the team. For example, gadgets connected to smartphones over wireless communication require different security protocols and encryption algorithms than payment systems for online shops. Hence, I, as the project manager, must understand the differences to attract the necessary professionals to the project. In addition, as Haney et al. (2017) note, 90% of organizations turn to cryptographic standards to develop cryptographic implications and often also apply them for product design and testing. Therefore, knowledge of these standards is necessary for a project manager to monitor team m
Advancing technologies that are widely used today allow digital evidence reaches the courtroom. Still, if this information cannot be easily accessed, digital forensic analysis is needed. However, forensics methods are not usually accepted without special assessment (Garrie & Morrissy, 2014). Even if they seem to be efficient and appropriate for the case, it is critical to refer to something more than simple assumptions. That is why they are expected to comply with the Daubert Standard and only then utilized in the framework of the case. The Daubert Standard is commonly used to evaluate scientific testimony. It allows a trial judge to make a conclusion regarding the reasoning and the forensic methodology that was utilized by an expert. The assessment with the help of this standard can prove or disprove the scientific validity of the information and its reliance on the facts (Morgenstern, 2016). The evidence that reaches the court and is used for the expert’s testimony should be provided along with a forensic report. Having conclusions made by the third party, it is likely to prove the reliability of the information (Fradella, O’Neill, & Fogarty, 2004). In order to prove the validity of the methodology, the judge should take into consideration five main factors. First of all, it is critical to find out if there is a possibility to test the theory or technique used by the professional. The methodology is to be supported by peer review and publication that can ensure its effectiveness. Assessment of the obtained information and the potential error rate is also vital, as it allows the judge to be confident in the results. Then, one should find out if the discussed standards are in exercise. They may be used to control the operation o
Ethics is an extremely important concept in business that applies to a variety of areas such as employee relationships, their rights and freedoms, transparency and sustainability, responsible production, workplace safety and security, brand image, and customer relationships, to name a few. Although this paper will focus primarily on the latter area, it will also include several of the others because the case under discussion is quite massive and has a series of significant impacts. Indeed, the Volkswagen scandal of 2015 was one of the loudest and most significant issues of business in recent history. The scandal, otherwise known as the VW emissions fraud, occurred when the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) carried out a series of tests on VW vehicles and discovered that the cars were not in compliance with emission regulations established by the Agency for car manufacturers who sell their vehicles in the United States and Europe. This breach of ethics is related to a variety of problems and has negatively affected many groups of stakeholders including VW consumers, employees, the company itself, its investors, and its dealers. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the VW emissions fraud, its causes and consequences, and the responses of various groups of stakeholders and the company’s leaders. Further, it will focus on the solutions developed by VW leadership, as well as their perceived views of the most effective ways to recover their brand image and win back their customers. All aspects of this case will be evaluated for business ethics; to be more precise, the paper will discuss the decision-making of those responsible for the creation of the flawed vehicles, the basis on which such a decision was made, the impact is created, and the way the company responded both immediately after the scandal and a year later. Also, the role of whistleblowers in the case and the effect of the employment-at-will concept on Volkswagen employees will be discussed. Case Overview Different kinds of vehicles are popular in the United States and Europe when it comes to the types of fuel by which they are powered. Vehicles that run on diesel fuel that is known to create carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are found frequently in the countries of Europe; at the same time, American residents prefer cars that are powered by gasoline that produces nitrogen oxide (N2O). In terms of their effects on the health of people and animals, these two gases are equally harmful. However, carbon dioxide is also known to be
To begin with, I would like to say a few words about travel literature. As a genre, it is very popular nowadays. The study of this genre was widely spread in the nineteenth century. Travel literature is much diversified because it describes a person or a group of people who visit some concrete place, another culture, and other people. And as a fact, the writer describes his emotions, his experience during his or her traveling to that place on the globe. The traditions of travel literature are laid in the methods of narration. The writers of travel literature are not who move their characters and themselves from one geographic area to another freely, but they are analysts of contemporary reality, they generalize historical experience in their prose, the experience of generations, the experience of spiritual emotions, and understanding of critical contemporary issues, in particular, the present national disasters which make the readers revise previously established notions of indigenous moral and ethical standards of public human’s conduct. And such books from travel literature as “The Autobiography of a Tibetan Monk” by Palden Gyatso and “Holy Cow: An Indian Adventure” by Saran MacDonald draw my attention a lot. Palden Gyatso is an outstanding representative of this trend, travel literature. His book “The Autobiography of a Tibetan Monk” captures the interest of many readers all over the world because of its reality and truthfulness. This story is based on real events and covers the period from 1950 till 1992. In his book, Palden Gyatso illuminates the evil and horrible years of the Cu