ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Villains are often the main determinants of elaborated plots of literary works, and the more interesting the plots of the “evil” is, the more unexpected the plot will appear to be. In both Othello and The Crucible, the authors provide complex descriptions and characteristics of the most immoral and corrupt characters, Iago and Abigail respectively. The villains in both “Othello” and “The Crucible” are unique in their proficiency in the use of language for manipulating others and their ability to use the current setting for achieving their goals; Abigail is interesting because of her desire for power and influence, unusual for this young low-class girl, whereas the most interesting and surprising characteristic of Iago is the absence of more or less rational reasons in his intrigues against Othello. Shakespeare’s Iago seems to have perfect command of language and rhetorical devices, in particular, delicate and subtle flattery as well as appeals to commonly shared values or ethos. In particular, in the conversation with Roderigo, Iago skillfully involves the desperate young admirer of Desdemona in his plot against Othello, stating that the Moor is guilty of the distortion of the old military tradition (Shakespeare, Act I Scene I). Furthermore, Iago reveals that he almost hates himself for his failure to unite Desdemona and Roderigo (Shakespeare, Act I, Scene I) and refers to Roderigo as a nobleman, underlining his belief that Roderigo is a more appropriate candidate for Desdemona as compared to the Moor. Similarly, Abigail, the villain of The Crucible, is a manipulative character who uses Biblical language, appealing thus to the commonly shared values of belief and devotion, for the purpose of gaining control over the thoughts and actions of others. For instance, at the crucial moment of Titube’s confession about her communing with the devil, Abigail uses Biblical language to tell that the devil has been cavorting with other inhabitants of Salem. In Act III Scene III of Othello, Iago wins the trust and good disposition of gullible Othello by appealing to societal values and sharing secrets about Cassio. First of all, Iago states he believes that Cassio is in fact an honest person, who might, however, be going the wrong way and following his temptations in the relationships with Desdemona. Further, he confesses that he is extremely sensitive and intolerant to injustice and seeks to preserve the reputation of Othello’s family. When Iago makes sure Othello has swallowed his manipulative statements, the main villain presents the information about Cassio’s affair with Desdemona as a big secret he never dared to share with anyone. Iago’s feigned sincerity, sense of intimacy and closeness he suggests to Othello, and devotion to his lieutenant consequently make Othello blindly follow the hypocrite throughout the play. Similarly, Abigail, the villain of The Crucible, at first behaves and speaks like a kind and caring person, particularly by expressing willingness to look after sick Betty and concerns about
Introduction The goal of this paper is to study an article that describes a company’s successful communication strategy and provide an abstract for it. The abstract would incorporate the article citation, name of the company, a brief description of its communication technique and situation, and the outcomes of its successful communication. An appropriate paper has been chosen, studied, and this essay aims to fulfil the requirements. The Article Citation The chosen article is “Organizational Communication Climate and Conflict Management: Communications Management in an Oil and Gas Company” by Shahrina Md Nordin, Subarna Sivapalan, Ena Bhattacharyya, Hezlina Hashim Wan Fatimah Wan Ahmad, and Azrai Abdullah. It concerns an oil and gas company and presents a study of the effects of the implemented measures. The focus of the article is on the openness of the communication climate as well as the preferred conflict resolution strategies among different groups within the company. The Company The enterprise itself chose to remain anonymous, but the data provided says it is located in Malaysia and deals in oil and gas. Their line of work is hazardous, and according to Nordin et al., “failure in effective communication could be fatal” (1047). As such, more than just the effective operation of the company and mental well-being of the employees depend on the successful implementation of appropriate strategies. The Study Methods The authors distributed one hundred and fifty questionnaires to the company’s employees, one hundred and twenty-five of which were filled out and returned. The survey estimated the organizational communication climate and conflict management strategies while taking into account the respondents’ demographics. The instrument utilized to evaluate the communication climate was The Organizational Communication Climate Survey , and the Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument was used to determine the conflict management strategies. Communication Strategy and Situation The study determined that the company employed different strategies in appropriate areas, favoring a positive communication environment but recognizing that it was not optimal for staff with greater responsibilities. The general personnel enjoys an open, supportive climate which encourages them to share their concerns, which the authors consider crucial for the success of an organization. In conflicts, t
Religion may refer to “individual acknowledgment of superhuman divine power, and particularly a special God or gods entitled to submission and worship” (Fontana 6). Spirituality in both secular and religious arena refers to a force that unifies the unseen and the seen dimensions. In religious view, it represents a belief (Fontana 6). Throughout many centuries, religion has continued to dominate upon the reasoning and actions of humankind. Even presently, it is observable that religion instills profound effect on persons and diverse cultures globally. A view of religion or spiritualism as under the domination of dreary sermons, with individual confessions about salvation would misplace several elements that underlie these fields (Nelson 8). Religion itself is a source of motivation for noble actions regarding personal surrender and altruism. These two concepts coexist and operate to touch at least all domains of human world. For example, most of the world’s structural design is under the influence of religion. The mosques have their unique architectural design and so do Christians, Buddhists, Hindu, and several other religions. Religion affects aesthetics, paintings, cultures, music and so on globally (Fontana 1). Spiritualism as I view it inspires humankind to inculcate moral plus ethical systems and philosophize about them. Additionally, man has become more cautious on reason and purpose of existence and life that waits after death. Attributable to these, development of approaches for changing consciousness likes prayer and meditation transform regularly as man is in quest for better ways of satisfying their spiritualism. Spirituality provides people with psychological well being, solace, and purpose of existing in the world. Countless people receive their livelihood through spirituality. This is notwithstanding scholarship and education beneficiaries through these systems (Nelson 5). Most institutions have grown and expanded their political power and wealth through religion. Although these two dominions have vast constructive implications globally, they have also been sources of great loss and pain. Social and customary divisions presently exist due to these, for example, countless barbaric wars like the Jihad tolerable and propagated by some religions have caused great losses globally (Nelson 3). Extermination and extra-judicial carnage, impaired families, disrupted careers across many sectors have emanated from spirituality. Dogmatic mentality and conduct, obstructed educational systems, and incorrigible parental punishment systems result from some religions (Fontana 2). In addition, justified social structuring, sexual abuses, and gender imbalance propagated by in some religions
Lara is a young lady whose family was killed during the war. Her brother was mobilized as a militiaman and she go married one of his pals, who mistreated her and who was later murdered in battle. Combating made her move from one place to another, living in protections and sometimes vending her body to stay alive and buy food. She was uneducated and did not have a place to go. Sana was a 15-year-old when she entrusted suicide. She was born in war and raised considering that it was never-ending. She and her parents were made move, initially from their village and lots of times later from their sanctuary. She considered that life was not worth living. Jamal is a young boy who has watched demolition and murders. He was combating with militia when a bomb fell and blew up, tearing three of his friends into parts. Two months after it, a break in fighting succeeded and he saw his militia chief hugging the leader of the “enemy.” He can not realize why he and his friends were combating when everything could have been resolved peacefully and saved lives. He does not have capabilities to earn a living and is now addicted to heroine. To get finances for his addiction he steals. Lately he was imprisoned of murdering a man while attempting to steal his car. These are only few examples the children of Lebanon have suffered. Even however the United Nations proclaimed its Declaration of Human Rights in 1949 as a promise to a humanitarian and enlightened existence, and the Geneva Convention pledged the defense of civilians in period of war, the standard of civilian protection does not survive in reality, and inhabitants have always suffered. This is factual in such instances as Vietnam, Hiroshima, Beirut, and Sarajevo. Among inhabitants, the most susceptible groups are kids and teenagers, who are eager to know all that happens around them. They do not miss an opportunity on the enthusiasm and they are the ones who typically require security and refuge. Death and injuries happen at random and as a cause children question the honesty of their parents and matures. In war areas, blameless people die in ache in front of the eyes of their relatives. Civilians move in great waves, which causes social and dwelling troubles. Blockades, hunger, and deliberate assaults on civilians are general war processes-as antique as warfare itself. As children often have no consideration what a weapon is, they play with it, with disastrous consequences. The family splits and the injure to it cannot be regarded in cold figures. As an alternative, people should consider of confused humans in problem. In the nonattendance of government direction, inflation and redundancy increase and destroy adolescents’ visions and ambitions. The Lebanese children have observed
Body art involves decorating the skin of human body. It can be done in various ways such as tattooing, shaping, painting, body piercing, branding, scalpelling and scarification. The kind of body art may be limited to one’s gender because in some communities certain arts are limited to one gender. However, females are considered to be more concerned about body art. Tattoos are permanent body drawings that are done using needles to make the paints penetrate beyond the upper layer of skin. Some people use tattoos as a way of adding beauty while others use it for identification purposes (Margo 14). Tattoos were first developed in ancient Japan and later spread to other parts of the world. Nowadays tattoos are the in thing among young people and that’s why the demand for tattoo artists has increased. According to Margo tattoos are used to distinguish certain members of a group from the others. Tattoos are not limited to certain body parts and thus they can be drawn anywhere (15). Most Christians apart from the Catholic Church are against because they argue that the Holy Scriptures is against tattoos. Tattoos are associated to criminal groups depending on one’s location. They are also known to reflect a person’s behavior. In recent years they were mostly associated with porn stars. A cross check on various religions indicate that religions don’t accept tattoos as an art. Tattoos can not be erased completely and even so a laser technique is employed. Traditional methods of tattooing can spread viral diseases such as AIDS because the tools come into contact with blood hence if they are not sterilized diseases could be transmitted from one person to another. Nowadays tattoo artists sterilize their equipments after they have been used by one client. Scarification includes inducing body scars by scratching or cutting the surface of the skin into various shapes. This kind of body art is recommended for people who are of a dark complexion. This is because tattoos are more visible when the surface of the skin is lighter in complexion. The intended shape of a scar may not be achieved because the wound usually contracts and stretches at different points. Scarification is not preferred by many people because of the obvious pain associated with it. It also exposes one to contracting HIV/Aids if the tools are not sterilized. This art is very rare today because most people have abandoned traditional practices. Body piercing entails making small holes that are used to hold jewelry. It can be done on various parts but it’s limited to various organs unlike tatto
It is universally acknowledged that education is the background for the successful development of any nation (Alyami 2014). In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, education has become one of the governmental priorities. Thus, in 2007, the government started King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Project for Public Education Development that is aimed at reforms the sphere of education (Alyami 2014). The project involves the opening of new educational establishments, decentralization, and empowerment of schools and educators through training and motivation as well as efficient evaluation. Under this incentive, teachers will be evaluated, and 80% of the weight of their assessment will depend on their students’ performance during the standardized test (Alnahdi & Abdulaziz 2014). Gender issues are also in the lens of the officials, and more egalitarian trends appear. Many schools adopt the vision of the government and try to employ efficient strategies to improve the quality of the educational services provided as well as the performance of students. For instance, Tatweer Schools can be regarded as an illustration of this process. These schools focus on Professional Learning Community, evaluation and self-planning as well as lifelong professional development (Alyami 2014). Many schools have already employed similar strategies that have proved to be effective. The effectiveness of the schools is measured through the analysis of the students’ performance and their behavior as well as teachers’ performance and motivation. This paper focuses on the benefits of such strategies utilized in one of the schools of Saudi Arabia. However, before discussing the rationale for choosing the educational establishment in question, it is essential to consider the peculiarities so of the educational system in Saudi Arabia to understand the context the school is operating in. First, it is necessary to note that several governmental agencies administer the educational system in Saudi Arabia. The educational structure is defined by the social context. Thus, the Ministry of Education has been the primary administrative agency. The Ministry establishes major standards for public, private and special education. However, the rapid development of the country in the 1970s unveiled the need for high-profile professionals in various spheres, but the focus was still on the oil production industry (Sedgwick 2001). There was a need to establish a governmental body that would develop, implement and manage policies aimed at the development of the educational establishments as well as the educational system as a whole. The Ministry of Higher Education created in 1975 focuses on post-secondary education, associated standards, programs and so on ( Background educational system in Saudi Arabia 2013). Apart from administering colleges and universities in Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Higher Education provides supervision of scholarships for Saudi people studying abroad as well as “coordinates
Although in his The World’s Religions, Huston Smith identifies speculation as one of the religious constants (Smith 93), Buddhism views humans’ endeavors to ascertain the truth as meaningless and fruitless pursuit: It is not on the view that the world is eternal, that it is finite, that body and soul are distinct, or that the Buddha exists after death, that a religious life depends. Whether these views or their opposites are held, there is still rebirth, there is old age, there is death, and grief, lamentation, suffering, sorrow, and despair…. I have not spoken to these views because they do not conduce to the absence of passion, or to tranquillity and Nirvana. (Smith 96) In order to enhance a reader’s understanding of Buddha’s attitudes towards theorizing and speculating, Smith provides the “parable of the arrow smeared thickly with poison” (Smith 95). The parable was told by the Buddha to his disciples who deluded him with abstract queries. As the story tells, a man wounded by a poisoned arrow did not allow a surgeon to heal him until he would obtain detailed information about his attacker. Replying to his numerous questions required much time that was necessary for healing and relief from suffering. Therefore, emphasizing the uselessness of such questions, the Buddha states that “Before knowing all this, that man would die” (Smith 96). However, in Buddhism, in accordance with the First Noble Truth, the concept of suffering or dukkha is much broader in comparison with painful sensations; besides physical manifestations, suffering involves all spheres of life (Smith 99). According to Buddhism, questions insistently asked by the wounded man fall into the category of non-judged or not considered queries because of their uselessness for achieving relief from suffering. Questions that are merely speculative in nature, as well as answers to them, only lead to greater confusion. It is possible to deal with such questions for years but never come to the conclusion. People can only answer them grounding on their own imagination instead of complete comprehension. Answers given by an ordinary person who has not become enlightened yet will be simplistic conjectures (Smith 98). Furthermore, it is apparent from Smith’s interpretation of Buddhism that humans’ incessant search for truth is also useless because it can divert a person from practice into fruitless speculation (Smith 95). Accentuating the uniqueness of Buddhism, Smith defines it as empirical, scientific, pragmatic, therapeutic, psychological, egalitarian, and directed to individuals’ religion (
Introduction The energy and petrochemical industry in Saudi Arabia is ranked among the world’s most vibrant in the global energy sector. The energy sector mainly comprises the oil and gas sector which is dominated by the national oil company, Saudi Aramco. The petrochemical sector on the other hand has approximately more than 70 billion dollars worth of investment projects underway. One of the big players, Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, holds a considerable size of planned projects in the coming decade. The energy and petroleum sectors constitute approximately 17% of the total value traded at the Tadawul Stock Exchange (Tadawul, 2010). The energy sector is extremely small in this respect because the oil business is nationalized. The petrochemical sector thus remains the only viable investment vehicle. It comprises fourteen listed companies where the five largest are; Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC), Rabigh Refining and Petrochemical Co. (Petro Rabigh), Saudi Arabia Fertilizers Co. (SAFCO), Saudi Kayan Petrochemical Company (Saudi Kayan), and Yanbu National Petrochemical Company (YANSAB), listed in descending order of size by market capitalization. Their respective market capitalizations are SABIC with SAR 247.5 billion; Petro Rabigh with SAR 31.098 billion; SAFCO with SAR 30.25 billion; Saudi Kayan with SAR 27.3 million; and Yansab with 18.7875 billion (Tadawul, 2010). These companies not only represent the bulk of the petrochemical sector but that of the entire bourse as well. The petrochemical sector performed excellently as compared to the Tadawul exchange’s averages and other sectors’ figures. SABIC and Saudi Kayan, which represent the petrochemical sector report 60.19% and 80.67% value traded changes respectively, being way ahead of the index. Similarly, the year saw the petrochemical sector constituting the majority of the value traded, at 23.73% of total traded value. In the same spirit among SAFCO is among the top price gainers in the first quarter of 2010 reporting a share price increase of 21.28% as compared to the index change of 11.1% (SAFCO, 2009, para. 5). In the same period, Saudi Kayan and SABIC are still in the top value traded companies with 5.77% and 20.61% respectively. This indicates that the petrochemical sector is performing well ahead of industry and bourse trends (Tadawul, 2010). However, the energy sector is comprised of only two companies, is National Gas & Industrialization Co (GASCO) & Saudi Electricity Company (SEC). The national gas and industrialization Co. is comprised of investments from companies such as Saudi Factory for gas cylinders, National Company for industrial gases, Natural gas Distribution Company, East gas Limited company, Gas Equipment Limited Company, and Glass union Arabian company. This makes it be financially stable and able to deal with market fluctuations. Industry analysis The Saudi petrochemical industry is the result of the venture to add value to natural gas and oil in t