ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Societal Environment General Environment Factors Affecting Nokia and its Competitors In essence, there are many factors that generally affect Nokia and its competitors. In order to analyze these factors in this paper, The PESTEL tool of analysis which entails the discussion of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal Factors, will be used.   * Political Factors : Since Nokia is a multinational company, its products should be able to accommodate various political ideologies like liberalism, conservatism, democracy and independence, all at the same time. This represents most of the key dogmas that should be chiefly assessed by competing companies like Samsung and Apple if their products and services are to reach their target markets. Consequently, Nokia and its competitors should tailor their products and services in a way that they embrace the existing political ideologies (Perrey & Riesenbeck, 2009).   * Economic Factors : A strong economy usually creates a viable environment for the growth of companies since they are able to sell their products and services. For example, a recent report by Euromonitor (2012) shows that, after the 2008-2009 electronics sales plunge due to the 2008 global economic crisis; the years 2010 and 2011 recorded vigorous economic up-surge due to the betterment of UAE’s economy. It, therefore, follows that if Nokia and its numerous competitors are to do well, the companies must prevail over the challenges and limitations that come their way while they intermittently strive to strengthen the economies in their target environments.   * Social Factors : Most of the products and services offered by Nokia and its competitors such as mobile phones and computers are for social purposes. For this reason, the social environment in a place highly dictates the success of the products and services. For example, most people in the western world are renowned for loving plush and trendy items like phones for social purposes such as networking and communicating with others.   * These good social aspects prospect an amiable environment for companies like Nokia, unlike social environments like Africa where such items are not highly regarded (Cherrayil, 2012). Moreover, the use of social forums such as Twitter and Facebook in social marketing explicates the irreplaceable role of social factors on Nokia as well as its competitors.   * Technological Factors : Advancements in the world of technology are believed to be crucial in the modern age based on the potential to simplify and fasten various activities. For this reason, the provision of products and services with immense technological advantages greatly dictates the success of failure of Nokia and its competitors. This, probably, is the reason Nokia and its competitors like Samsung usually strive to provide products with better technologies ( Euromonitor, 2012).   * Environmental Factors : In terms of geographical conditions and climates, there the sale of products and services by companies like Nokia is usua
Summary The Jungle by Uptown Sinclair was published in the year 1906. In the book, Sinclair depicts an immigrant family that had just emigrated from Lithuania to America in pursuit of better living conditions. Before they departed their native country, they believed that many opportunities awaited them in the USA. As such, they expected their problems to end once they had relocated to Chicago. In the book, the author illustrates the experiences the family had in Chicago. All through the book, the author illustrates how the family and other ordinary employees had to sustain the inhumanity and brutality from their employers to make their ends meet. When Jurgis’ family arrived in the USA, they thought their tribulations had ended. After the family arrived in Chicago, they were surprised to note that the country did not offer many opportunities for immigrants and normal employees. Within their first year, four out of the twelve family members had gotten informal employment at the meat packing plant. Through their wages, the four family members were able to secure a house enough for the 12 family members. At the same time, the family realized that the cost of living in Chicago was a lot higher than they had expected. As a result, their wages were spent on satisfying the family’s basic needs. On their first winter, the family was confronted by several social and economic challenges. As usual, winters in Chicago are challenging. During that winter, Jurgis Grandfather developed some lung complications and died (Sinclair, 2001). At the meat packing plant, the operations were slowed down, and some of its units were closed down. As a result, several employees including the newly employed family members were laid off. When summer arrived, everything returned to normalcy. As such, those who had been laid off were able to return to their jobs. Within a short period, everyone was optimistic. However, things changed when Jurgis was injured in his place of work. While Jurgis was recuperating, he realized that Ona’s behaviors had changed (Sinclair, 2001). He noted that she was pregnant. Similarly, he noted that she seemed unhappy, often came home late at night, and at times missed to arrive home from her place of work. He later found out that her wife was lying to him. Through his investigations, he learned that her wife’s employer had raped her. Equally, he learned that her wife’s employer had blackmailed her into prostitution. After that, Jurgis went to her wife’s place of work and assaulted her boss. Later, Jurgis was arrested and charged for assault. After his sentence, some of the family members lose their jobs because of poor weather. Left with no source of income, the family was later evicted from their house and had to live in a tenement house. When Jurgis was released from prison, Jurgis found his family in a mess. His wife was extremely sick and eventually succumbed to the disease. It was not long after her death that their child drowned. Faced with these tragedies, Jurgis turned to odd jobs to sustain his drunkenness. Later, he turned into a criminal and together with his friend started smuggling people from Mexico. Later on, Jur
Introduction The complicated nature of life explains why grieving is a necessary process. The loss of a beloved person can trigger numerous emotions such as guilt, anger, disbelief, and sadness. Coping with sudden death can result in a major challenge. It is agreeable that most of these reactions and emotional responses to loss are natural. That being the case, people should help one another throughout the mourning process in order to find new meaning and move on with life. Those who are in emotional pain should also be allowed to cry in order to support the healing process. The death of my favorite aunt affected me significantly. After the event, it took me five days to accept the fact that my aunt was gone. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to give a personal experience of loss, grief, and mourning following my aunt’s untimely demise. Discussion The most memorable loss occurred when I was 21 years of age. This was after the death of my maternal aunt. She was only 10 years older. Her untimely death occurred when I was in the United States. Our age gap explains why we used to be close to one another. We could do many things together and support each other. She was shot four times while in Colombia and died instantly. Although it was hard to explain the circumstances that led to her death, forensic investigations revealed that she had been murdered by robbers for an unknown reason. The victim was a mother-figure to me. As an aunt, she guided, empowered, and encouraged me to pursue most of my dreams. This analysis shows that I was emotionally close to her. After the loss, I experienced numerous emotional, spiritual, and psychological challenges. Such feelings occurred for several weeks after my aunt’s death. Several reasons can be presented to support this argument. The first one is that I was unable to pursue my goals. This development made it hard for me to
Introduction Like in any other constitutional regime, the American constitution bestows the authority of making laws to the Congress. Congress comprises of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both comprise elected representatives, and a bill must win their support to be taken finally for the presidential assent. The constitution provides in Section 1 of Article1 that all legislative powers be vested in the Congress. Bills are introduced into Congress by a member, who feels the need to make or amend any legislation, though anyone can write it. After its introduction, the bill is numbered and printed in the Congressional Record. Main body The Bill will then be read then send to the concerned committee. However, it may not run smooth if the bill receives an objection from any one senator. It will be postponed for the next day under such circumstances. In the House of Representatives, the Bill is not reads, but entered in the Congressional record then sent to the relevant committee. It is important to note that membership to these committees is largely dependant on a particular member’s sphere of competence. This is for the sake of enhancing professionalism and competence in the rule making process. To make the whole process free and as representative as possible, committees usually conduct their meetings in public, except for cases where the issue of discussion may be prejudicial to public order or security. Further, on some sues of great national importance, the committee may convene public hearings, to get the side of the general population. However such hearings may not be done when the committee decides so. The findings of the committee or subcommittee are analyzed and a report prepared to be tabled to the full chamber. In its report, the committee may or may not recommend amendments. It does not have the powers to amend any provision; this is the prerogative of the said chamber. A bill is not assured to go past the committee. A committee may kill the bill at this stage. The bill will therefore proceed to the to ‘floor action’. Here it is debated by the whole House or Senate, whichever is applicable. A vote is then conducted after approval of appropriate amendments, where the majority caries the day. Conclusion After the vote, the bill is referred to the other chamber for its consideration. Here, the chamber will go by the very procedures as above, and may approve the bill as it is, amend or reject it. In an instance that changes have been proposed, a conference committee is established to consider the differences. Incase there would be no agreement; the bill is laid to rest. If the bill survives this stage, it is taken for the president’s assent. Before any Bill can pass the test to become law, it must go through either of the following procedures. The president must approve of it through an official assent. However, the president is not required to assent to it. He may refer it back to Congress with stated points of controversy within 10 days, with the exception of Sunday, a
The case under analysis suggests that Midshires University and the Engineering Department needs a real professional for a senior management position able to work overtime and be interested in research studies. Anne Henderson is one of the best applicants for this position with excellent experience in this field. In order to analyze her personal traits and needs, several motivation theories will be used. The content theory of motivation is Maslow’s need hierarchy theory. The process theories of motivation, which distinguish individual differences, are at the other end of a motivational theories field. Prominent among the process theories is Equity theory. These theories suggest that no two persons are motivated by the same needs or the same perceptions of managerial rewards. Therefore, the manager must examine the individual’s perceptions and needs in order to offer a prediction of behavior. In terms of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Anne Henderson will not be able to satisfy the need of self-actualization. The motivation problems often manifest themselves in very cohesive teams affording greater productivity (Mullins 2004). Anne Henderson is often referred to as the manager that holds the productive work team together. The tighter the team is held together, the more productive the team should be. To improve the cohesiveness of the work team there are many things the effective manager should do. Just like team formation, team conflict, earlier on, was also believed to be of no benefit whatsoever to an organization and w
The world has changed significantly and development of technology has brought a lot of educators and students. At present, the digital world has a myriad of options to help in the sphere of education. The use of the Second Life can help enhance students’ learning by engaging them in the new experiences and a new way of interaction. One of the major benefits of the use of Virtual Worlds is that distant students can also feel their connectedness. One of the most advanced Virtual World is the one used in Florida. The use of 3D images, facilitated by a number of options, makes the Virtual World seem real. However, the use of ordinary web cameras and avatars is also beneficial. Remote students can be actually present during the class. They can put questions and participate in the discussions. This is important especially during introduction and discussion of complicated topics, when students need the instructor’s support and explanations. It is also important that the virtual worlds are beneficial for communication. Students often need to ask questions and teachers often cannot stop the lecture or discussion to answer all the questions. However, the virtual worlds make answering questions possible. Hence, the use of technology is especially effective during lectures and discussions involving lots of students. Furthermore, the virtual worlds are more flexible. In other words, these worlds enable students to be in the settings they could not access so easily in the real life. For instance, the teacher of mythology can show a variety of sites from different parts of the world. More so, students can even see some places as they looked centuries ago. Admittedly, all these options can be facilitate learning. It is necessary to note that the Second Life can be used for teaching different subjects. Moreover, students of all ages can benefit from the use of virtual worlds. One of the major advantages of the Second Life is that this technology can help more students to access education. Admittedly, this is one of the most important goals of educators as well as the government. Apart from this, virtual world remove boarders and schools will be able to ‘invite’ leading educators to lecture. Thus, educators from different parts of the world can run certain classes. This can also facilitate communication between educators and sharing experiences. It can also be more accessible for
Introduction Art develops over generations through improvements and modifications of previous art works. Many art styles we see today such as the rococo, middle ages, renaissance, mannerism, baroque, neoclassical, romanticism and the likes all seem to have evolved out of individual works or from the cultural or social influences that surrounded their formation. Certain art works are also developed from the styles and characteristics of previous art periods while others developed as a continuation of previous art works or as a reaction to specific art styles (Sporre, 2003, p. 3). For instance, during the ancient Greek period, classical art developed from the neoclassical period and cubism developed as a reaction to the ancient art style of painting (Sporre, 2003, pp. 2-3). This study illustrates such relationships with a keen sense of analysis and critique on the origin and development of art. Specifically, we will analyze the relationship between neoclassical and rococo arts since the neoclassical art developed as a reaction to the latter. Rococo Art Rococo art started in the 18 th century and was characterized by the flexibility of artists to become more experimental with art. When compared to previous art forms, it was more playful, ornate and florid (Lewis, 2008, p. 342). In the French analysis of rococo, it is largely assumed that the style developed from the Louis XV’s reigns; meaning that most of the art developed in France during the mid 18 th century falls in this category. Rococo art was characteristic of the use of objects in decorating art (especially the use of stones and ornaments). The style was also characteristic of shell-like curves which were interestingly used as grounds for its critique as well (Yegengil, 2010, p. 3). However, the rococo art design has been widely accepted in most artistic circles and now stands as a major turning point in conventional Europea
Literature Review Accounts vary over the ease with which al-Qaeda could acquire nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. Nuclear weapons clearly remain the most powerful of the WMD triad in terms of the sheer destruction they can wreak. The demonstrated blast, heat and longer-term radiation effects of fission and fusion weapons mark them out as unrivalled in the history of warfare. Because of this, they are no doubt attractive from a terrorist standpoint: but how easy are they to acquire? Those who maintain that nuclear weapons are accessible for al-Qaeda point out that knowledge on ‘how to build a bomb’ is now freely available to anyone who has Internet access. They also point to documented lapses in Russia’s nuclear system during the 1990s that indicated a leakage of weapons-grade fissile material on to the black market and a striking level of vulnerability in Russia to theft of tactical nuclear warheads and smaller atomic demolition munitions (Chyba, 2004). However, there is general consensus that nuclear weapons are more difficult to obtain than their chemical and biological counterparts. Despite some claims to the contrary, the core ingredients of weapons grade fissile material highly enriched uranium and plutonium—are scarce internationally and very expensive to produce in sufficient quantities to manufacture even the crudest of nuclear devices. Moreover, since the mid-1980s, tight export controls have been observed by the small group of countries able to supply nuclear materials and equipment worldwide (Martin, 2002). Even assuming that a terrorist organisation was able to amass enough fissile material to fabricate a nuclear device, the challenges of secure storage prior to use, the risks of being discovered transporting the device to the target area, and effective delivery would be prohibitive for all but the most sophisticated terrorist group. A more readily attainable option would be acquiring the requisite materials to fabricate a radiological weapon, or ‘dirty bomb’ (i.e. conventional explosives laced with radioactive material aimed at propelling the latter across a wide area). There is some indication that elements of theAl Qaeda network have exhibited an interest in obtaining radioactive materials on the Russian black market for possible use in a ‘dirty bomb’, although it remains unclear whether their quest has been successful (Allison, 2004). While yielding nowhere near the destructive effects of nuclear weapons, terrorist use of a radiological weapon could induce considerable panic among a target population by exploiting fears of radioactive poisoning. And unlike nuclear weapons, the materials required for a radiological weapon are widely used in ‘unsecured’ civilian applications such as medical imaging equipment. Although not usually included in the WMD threat template, radiological weapons could impose significant financial costs on the target state and would be an ideal terrorist weapon in severely
Brief summary Despite the Supreme Court of Canada being the top governing institution in the country, many people do not understand its role. After its establishment, the court got little media attention until the establishment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Fr e edoms . With time, the court has shifted from addressing disputes to making major policies on matters affecting the country. Today, the court has significant influence in Canada’s social, political, economic, and cultural life. According to Macfarlane, “the Supreme Court of Canada is a political institution and its justices are important political actors” (5). Macfarlane’s book analyzes how the ideas of the relevant duties and those of the court bind the judges to the Supreme Court. Nonetheless, Macfarlane believes, “Judicial policy making is not an accidental by-product of the court’s adjudicative function…Rather it is a result of the justices’ determination that one set of legal rules is more socially beneficial than another” (5). In compiling the book, Macfarlane focuses on numerous aspects of the Supreme Court of Canada. He focuses on aspects like the judicial behavior, the evolution of the court and its justices, the processes that lead to the court making crucial decisions as well as the decisions made by the court. Moreover, he focuses on the court’s ability in policymaking and the perception of the public and the media towards the court. Major issues Macfarlane identifies numerous issues throughout his book. In the attempt to understand the judicial behavior, he introduces two opposing views regarding how the Supreme Court operates. He considers the positions both the legal scholars and political scientists take. While the legal scholars view judges as objective and impartial arbiters, political scientists believe that law and legal explanations are intrinsically political. In explaining the evolution of the Supreme Court of Canada, Macfarlane focuses on primary changes and trends in the justices’ understanding of their mandate and the mandate of the court. He posits that external political forces such as the Charter and the decisions the justices make have significantly altered the court. In the focus on how the justices make their decisions, Macfarlane argues that ideology plays a significant role in shaping the decisions the justices make (56). Macfarlane argues that the demand for the Supreme Court to be efficient contributes to its decisions. The pressure compromises the judicial discretion. Limited study on this area exists in the available scholarly literature. Besides, Macfarlane claims that consensus, legal rules, and collegiality influence the decisions made by the justices. He further examines the collaboration and deliberation that lead to the court’s decisions. He highlights the extent to which a judge is allowed to work independently and in collaboration with others. Macfarlane brings out the impact of a goal of unanimity on decisions made in the court. Further,