ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The British Rule In Ireland Angry, enraged, and furious summarizes many Irish feelings toward rebellion for independence. In order to gain freedom from the British, revolutionaries were willing to sacrifice everything, even their lives. No doubt, for centuries, the Irish had been part of the huge British Empire, and for the majority of that time, they move violently to obtain their self-government. Several events sparked the displeasure in Ireland in the early Twentieth century. One of the proceedings is the Easter Rebellion, which various felt was the turning point for the war. A quantity of the Irish felt that World War I going on at the time had persuaded on the Easter Rebellion. The action of the Irish by the British was the major reason for the rebellions and explains why the Irish required their independence. At the peak of the Irish list of complaint was how they were being delighted. The Irish parliament was highly poor and had no real power to represent the people (The “Outlook”, 116). As well, Britain governed Ireland in the similar manner that it governed all of its country; it ruled according to what would most excellent serve Great Britain. For instance, Ireland’s commerce was disheartened, and their developed was halted by the British rule over the Irish (The “Outlook”, 116). The Irish were prohibited to purchase or rent land (MacManus, 458). Also, religious action of Roman Catholics angered the Irish. A great number of Irish were Catholic and were reserved in lots of ways by English legislature. They were predictable to pay taxes to support the Established Church of England, which gave Catholics no services (MacManus, 456). In addition, Irish Catholics were not able to offer learning for their own children. Catholics were not allowable to be teachers, and parents could not send their children for education devoid of forfeiture of their property and nationality (MacManus, 459). These proceedings by the British government angered the Irish, and the new wave of revolt had begun again by means of the British government hostility back. Physically powerful feelings came to a climax on Easter Monday, April 24, 1916 in the Irish capital of Dublin when about 1500 men, led by the Irish, seized the post office and other planned points (“The Outlook”, 115). No doubt, these men were members of the resident Army, an against the law force of Dublin citizens, which they established themselves in armed fashion by setting up barricades of sandbags and closing off the streets with snide wire. The leaders of the rebellion affirmed Ireland independent and raised the national flag above the city. These men signed a public statement of independence, which declared Ireland self-governing from Br
The modern Australian society is very demanding of people in their workplace, but at the same time, offers benefits through employee welfare. Often, time spent at work is greater compared to other activities, so proper working conditions have become extremely important. There are several reasons that offer explanations to such a trend which relate to safety, health guarantees, and leave or pension support. The society and working regulations are the moving force in any job. This can be attributed to social and the demands of people. Previously, working conditions were poor, but people had no choice. Australia was one of England’s colonies, and it would seem that the same rules and laws would be in both countries, but this was not the case. Welfare in the workplace is a concept that is rather recent. The global economic crisis has hit all countries, and those with strong worker base had a better chance to get back into shape. It has sharply reduced the volume of production, which led to the breakdown of finances, caused widespread destruction and bankruptcy of industrial, commercial and financial firms, not to mention mass unemployment (Turnell, 2002). Something had to be done to increase the quality of working conditions, and a system of benefits was implemented. From one perspective, it allowed people to have better support, which resulted in a stronger social fabric. The United Kingdom was among the first places that offered people better working conditions. Employees were provided with a healthcare plan; they were guaranteed pay or treatment in case of accidents or health problems. Some places offered paid vacations, which greatly increased morale, and people delivered higher work output. When comparing the United Kingdom and Australia, it is clear that the UK had a much better economy and industrial support. As it was considered a part of Europe, the social development was on a much higher level. Whereas in Australia, people relied more on farming, and there were no particular work or social benefits. The main reforms have been carried out in the employment sphere, and a large number of laws covering all aspects of social, economic, and political life became crucial to society. To combat the main problem—poor working conditions and organization, as well as to improve the material conditions of the population, the following measures were taken: the introduction of unemployment insurance and public works, as well as medical support. For political reasons, the government paid special attention to the increase in employment among young people
Introduction This research paper explores an alternative model of sustainability assessment. Specifically, it highlights a sustainability assessment model adopted in brownfields, greenfields, and Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) as applied in Bowden-Brompton community development. A discussion of method Currently, all major cities in Australia are experiencing intensifying pressure due to urban development. Hence, a new alternative model of sustainability is required for brownfields, greenfields and TODs. This would ensure that old buildings and neighbourhoods are renovated, reworked and retrofitted to attract new businesses and reclaim brownfields and greyfields with the aim of rejuvenating defunct sections of the city through TODs for enhanced accessibility. This alternative shall curb notable sprawling of the city into outer greenfields and make extensive use of brownfields, inner city greenfields and TODs. In addition, it would restore public infrastructures, reduce costs, reduce car dependency, enhance accessibility, create space for recreation, and leave agricultural land in city outskirts (Newton 2012). According to Newton (2012), the NSW and Victoria governments have missed the concept of urban planning and sustainability development. In the recent past, these governments announced that they would continue to ensure “the development of new housing on the fringes of Sydney and Melbourne” (Newton 2012, para. 1). This approach shows that the current sustainable urban planning in Australia cannot offer the required solutions to sustainability development and therefore sustainable urban development constitutes a critical challenge in contemporary cities (Newton et al. 2012). There is a need for urban planning to exploit brownfields, greenfields and TODs within the middle suburbs of the Australia’s largest and fastest growing cities. An urban regeneration model that focuses on brownfields, greenfields and TODs provides an effective approach to inner city development. Australia has an existing model for inner city development known as the Better Cities. However, Newton (2012) has observed that a brownfields, greenfields and TOD model, in itself, is likely to fail in the provision of housing required to cater for growing populations and ensure sustainability if there are no effective approaches. This approach offers sustainable urban development. Lombardi et al. (2011) noted that the concept of sustainability is popular and widely used in the UK, but it has not achieved much in urban regeneration. In fact, urban regeneration has failed to challenge the status quo because of ineffective policy and lack of implementation. The regeneration of brownfields, greenfields and TODs offers an alternative solution to urban sustainability development. These are ageing areas within inner cities. They have physically deteriorated, not environmental-friendly and technologically backward. In addition, t
Introduction The global trends in the field of nursing indicate a rapid shortage of staff in all types of healthcare facilities. Such a situation implies a range of difficulties resulting in unsatisfactory patient outcomes. The reducing number of nurses causes more responsibilities for the professionals and leads to the diminished safety of medical interventions. There are several reasons that influence the emergence of the shortage problem, the most crucial of which is the aging population. Main Objectives The world’s population is becoming older as the generation of baby boomers reaches their retirement age. According to Haddad and Toney-Butler (2019), the number of Americans in the age of more than 65 is the highest in US history. It is logical that the older the people, the more health problems they have. Another side of the event of the aging population is the consequent aging workforce. More nurses retire, leaving more vacancies available and not taken. Therefore, the nurse to patient ratio increases imposing impeded healthcare for the aging patients and more workload for nurses (Haddad & Toney-Butler, 2019). Specific measures are needed to be taken to avert the adverse tendency of the nursing shortage and to improve the quality of healthcare services. Conclusion Since the aging trends impose more workload and more severe working conditions for nurses, it is essential to implement some efforts aimed at simplifying their job. According to the World Health Organization (2020), systematic work is being done in this field in the world, in general, and in the USA, in particular. Specific measures are applied to enhance the professional potential of the nurses employed in the hospitals, namely, management methods improvement, leadership effectiveness fostering, and optimizing the work with technological advances (WHO, 2020). Thus, although nursing encounters significant problems caused by staff shortage, systematic efforts contribute to the elimination of the difficulties.
Introduction In various languages such as English, Greek, and Arabic, complete clauses have two features, which comprise semantic and phonetic. Conversely, in some instances, the phonetic feature of a sentence can be absent, and thus, initiate a concept known as a null constituent or empty category. Empty categories or null constituents take different forms in English, which comprise imperative, truncated, and non-finite. While imperative null subjects occur due to the silence of auxiliaries in imperative sentences, a truncated type of null subject takes place when individuals shorten a sentence and omit some words making them silent. Consequently, non-finite null occurs when the pronoun demonstrates a dependency on the subject of a sentence, and hence, becomes silent or null. It is within this context that the essay summarises the various aspects of null constituents in chapter three of the book ‘An Introduction to English Sentence Structure’ by Andrew Radford. Body Summary Essentially, a sentence requires audible or phonetic features and grammatical features, which are also known as semantic features. By possessing these two features, a sentence fulfills its grammatical requirements. However, some sentences can only have one feature, for instance, a number of sentences used in the English language have semantic features and do not have audible or phonetic features. In these sentences, the phonetic features are usually silent. The silent phonetic features lead to a concept of null constituents or empty categories. Fundamentally, English has three cases where null subjects are applicable such as imperative null subjects that are practical in imperative sentences and truncated null subjects where the pronoun becomes silent. Consequently, a non-finite null subject transpires when the pronoun is dependent on the antecedent or the subject of the sentence. Null auxiliaries are evident when the sentences used contain elements that easily lead to silent phonetic features of the subject auxiliary. Principally, the concept of null auxiliaries occasion when sentences introduce an element known as gapping. Gapping is a concept that makes the auxiliary silent by creating an empty space or a gap in a sentence. Another instance where the auxiliary can be silent happens when the sentence employs the issue of cliticization. Apparently, cliticization occurs when the auxiliary attaches itself onto the antecedent or the subject of the sentence, and hence, becomes silent. Although cliticization is common in several English sentences, it cannot apply in all the sentences used in the English language. Infinite clauses, the auxiliary can be null or silent when it attaches itself onto a verb as an affix. Affix hopping is the procedure through, which an auxiliary attaches, itself onto a verb. Conversely, affix hopping is applicable in cases where the verbs used are regular. Perfect verbs require the use of perfect auxiliaries such as ‘have’, which take causative and perfect forms. Another situation that characterizes null constituents in a clause concerns infinitive clauses. In infinitive clauses, a null auxiliary is also known as ‘T’ is silent in
Discuss what is meant by Fiscal Policy. What are the instruments of fiscal policy? Fiscal policy involves the use of government incentives to address the amount of money in circulation. There are normally two types of fiscal policies. These are expansionary and contractionary fiscal policies. Expansionary fiscal policies are those policies meant to boost the disposable income of the citizens. Contractionary policies on the other hand help mob up an excessive amount of money in circulation (King, Stonecash Mankiw &, 2009). Normally, they are used during times of inflation; the governments through its fiscal policies reduce the disposable income of individuals. The government aborts the development projects; this consequently cuts down the amount of money in circulation. According to Stonecash, King, & Mankiw (2003), government spending, taxation, and borrowing are the three major instruments of fiscal policy. Government expenditure entails the initiatives used by a government to realize a given macroeconomic goal (Rao, 2006). The development of infrastructure is an example of government spending. Taxation is a way through which a government obtains its funds to use in the budget. Taxation helps control the amount of money in circulation. Borrowing entails the use of treasury bills by the government to control the amount of money in circulation. With the aid of a diagram, show and explain how fiscal policy can be used to shift the aggregate demand. Evaluate the effectiveness of the policy used From the above diagram, I have used taxation as an instrument of fiscal policy to demonstrate how a fiscal policy shifts the aggregate demand. D 1 and D 2 represent aggregate demand while t 1 and t 2 represent taxation respectively. When economic inflation figures are high, the government increases taxation from t 2 to t 1 . From the graph, when taxation is high (t 1 ) the aggregate demand is low (D 1 ). This is so because taxation reduces the disposable income of customers hence reducing aggregate demand for goods and services. The expansionary policy helps increase the amount of money in circulation; this in turn increases the aggregate demand as the consumers have a lot of money to spend on products. Given the reduction of taxes, for example from t 1 to t 2 , the aggregate demand increases from point D 1 to D 2 . Taxation is a useful instrument that helps maintain sustainable inflation pressures. Access the 20010-11 Australian Government’s Budget papers and with the aid of statistics, explain the fiscal policy stance adopted According to the Australian 2011 – 2012 government’s budget paper, the inflation rate stands at 3.6%. To maintain sustainable inflation pressure, the government needs to tighten its fiscal policy stance. Tight fiscal policy measures however have adverse negative effects on the economy in the long run. To maintain price stability, for example, the government needs to reduce its expenditure, increase taxation, and increase internal borrowing. The aforementioned incentive reduces the disposable income that in turn decrease
General Issue Studies indicate that career academics do not benefit all students. This is because the administrators fail to determine the programs that suit each student (Nightingale & Holzer, 2007). It is true that career academics increase the individuals’ knowledge and skills; however, not all the students may apply the knowledge since every student embraces his/her learning styles (Nightingale & Holzer, 2007). From the research outcomes, it is clear that 70 percent of students can learn best in the traditional setting. This implies that those students who can discover best in career academics are 30 percent (Nightingale & Holzer, 2007). Students do not learn well in career academics because the education lacks the appropriate context. The 70 percent who cannot learn best in the career academics can improve if the education is in context. For students who do best in career academics, the labor market may not present motivation for them. Instead, some of them may still benefit from the traditional setting (Nightingale & Holzer, 2007). Legislators and taxpayers are currently calling for better quality education The traditional setting can be helpful to students who want to work directly after school (Maclean, Wilson & Chinien, 2009). This may not be the same for career academics since one will have to go for practical training before working. This is because, in the traditional setting, learning is more directly connected to the workplace compared to career learning (Maclean, Wilson & Chinien, 2009). Additionally, the traditional settings have been proved to be better than career learning because, in career academics, there lack of widespread and genuine supports from the educators in developing and executing necessary curriculum (Maclean, Wilson & Chinien, 2009). Career academic is books oriented unlike the traditional method, which involves active learning in different contexts (Hernandes-Gantes, Blank & Blank, 2008). The traditional setting is not teacher-centered like the career academics, but it is student-centered; hence, learners are given chances to develop themselves. Since the career academics are more teacher-centered, students do not have the chance to become very creative (Hernandes-Gantes, Blank & Blank, 2008). Additionally, career academics focus on the achievements of students in class, unlike the traditional settings, which focus on the development of the learners. Hence, the traditional setting ensures that students are developed, and this will enable them to perform better in the workplace than the students who went through the career academics. The traditional setting favors formative assessment with feedback unlike career development, which favors summative assessments. The formative assessment with feedback enables the students to upgrade certain ways of performing tasks (Hernandes-Gantes, Blank & Blank, 2008). Problem In career academics, unlike the traditional setting, learners only focus on passing exams than the knowledge they get from a course. This happens especially in degree Programs (K
Introduction Communication and interaction are the main characteristic features in the modern world. People got used to communication via various devices, the development of the innovative technologies and the world discoveries help people remain in contact with people all over the world. Therefore, the problem of the multicultural communication has become urgent. People from different countries go to other countries in the world with different purposes, however, communication is an inevitable part either of work of rest. Therefore, the aspects of the multicultural psychology have become important. Most of the biggest cities in the world are multicultural as people from all over go there to get job, therefore, it is important to avoid multicultural problems. Racism and other issues are almost eliminated in the world, however, there are some specific cases when aggression and discrimination has remained. Therefore, living in the modern world, multicultural psychology has become an important subject for discussion due to the modern tendencies and changes in the contemporary world where multicultural psychology has easily become a subspecialty of psychology. Definition of the multicultural psychology Multicultural psychology deals with racial, cultural and ethnic diversity and human behavior which deal with some specific aspects of those notions. Multicultural psychology is not just an intellectual process, “it encompasses work in social advocacy and expresses profound moral commitments to the ideals of tolerance, human rights, and social justice” (Hill, & Kral, 2003, p. 118). Many cultural beliefs and considerations influence human behavior. Trying to understand the specific nature of multicultural psychology, it is possible to compare and contrast multicultural psychology with multicultural psychology. The main purpose of multicultural psychology is politically prejudiced while cultural psychology is not. Multicultural psychology aims to establish plural psychological stan
Introduction In the recent past, environmental issues have attracted a lot of concern at all levels of governance. This is because of the high rate at which the environment is being destroyed. Australia is no exception with most of the population complaining of different types of environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, and water conservation among others. As a result, consumers all over the world have increased their awareness on matters of environmental conservation by going green. In this, they use commodities that are environmental friendly just to make sure that they conserve the environment. Given the demand by consumers, the manufacturers have also resorted to producing environmental friendly commodities, which have a higher demand than the other non-eco-friendly commodities. The products range from the sophisticated commodities such as motor vehicles to the simple ones such as foods and beverages. In this paper, the production and marketing of an economic friendly food product will be analysed by investigating the marketing Ps of the product. The food product to be discussed is ‘organic crisps/chips’. For many years, potato chips have been produced through deep-frying in oil. Nevertheless, recent research has indicated that frying of potatoes in oil to produce chips leads to the production of a compound known as acrylamide, which is carcinogenic (Granda 406). As such, people have refrained from consuming potato chips that have been produced through oil deep-frying as a way of going green. This has in turn led to research done to come up with a gadget known as the ‘Airfryier’ which produces perfect chips without using any oil. The chips produced through this method are therefore known as ‘organic chips’ since they contain no or less harmful health effects. The Airfryier makes use of superheated air instead of oil to produce chips. The innovation of the airfryier has not only been a benefit to the health of the people but it also helps in the conservation of the environment. This is because the oil that h