ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Religious principles have always dwelled on the foundations of continuous praying as means of communicating with God. Whereas people congregate in the worshiping places to pray, the reality about the prayer as a means of communication between the humans and God has remained unrevealed. Samuel Dickey Gordon is one of the renowned spiritual writers who managed to write over 25 devotional books, most of which have discussed the issues surrounding prayers. His book, Quiet Talks on Prayer ’ , has been a very helpful devotional material to those believers who often seek to understand the meaning of a prayer and how it connects people or the believers with God. However, Quiet Talks on Prayer is an exceptional book that has often attracted criticisms and accolades on the manner in which it discusses prayer and its connection with God. This essay seeks to present a critique of the Gordon’s book, ‘ Quiet Talks on Prayer’, to discuss the concepts of quiet talks and prayer. The Power of the Prayer Gordon was very practical when he thought the believers about the power of the prayer. Just as a prayer, biblically remains as an important element of religions, believers have always been optimistic that prayer is the central channel of communication with God. Gordon in his book, Quiet Talks on Prayer, makes believers adhere to the principles of continuous praying, as means of communicating with God. 1 According to Gordon, a prayer is a gateway to that puts a man into a nonstop lively communication with his creator, God. 2 Such connotations make a prayer a powerful religious element just as the Bible considers praying as a vital God-human communication process. Gordon reveals to Christians how prayers have been useful in dealing with global problems such as the catastrophic events that marred China and India. 3 In the bible and other religious scriptures, prayer intersession is crucial as the Holy Scriptures advice people to pray for each other. In the book, the aspect of prayer intersession appears in the sense that people globally prayed for God’s mercies upon India and China, and changes in the climate patterns eventually appeared. 4 What makes readers wonder about the prayer teachings of Gordon in the book, Quiet Talks on Prayer, is the manner in which the author struggles to create a connection between a prayer and the human virtues or ethics. Prayer is not an ethical virtue, but rather a religious practice that acts as a channel of communication between God and the human beings. Although his authorship skills and philosophies help him to create an affiliation between a prayer and ethical values that make the believers understand the essence of prayers, his main comparisons are wrong. Gordon claims that praying is the greatest favor and honor that a man can offer to God, and believers must be righteous in his intentions and life. 5 Such a connotation is wrong because biblically, no one is righteous. Prayer and Spirit Conflict Gor
The source relating to Kristallnacht is an article from the Science History Institute’s website written by Mier Rinde. The text is titled “A History of Violence”, and the author discusses the events preceding Kristallnacht using the example of a well-known physician Paul Ehrlich and the institutional nationalism in the 1930s and 1940s Germany. In this speech, the issue of devastating consequences that political power may have will be discussed. The term “Kristallnacht” can be translated from Germa as “Night of Broken Glass.” On November 9 and 10th of 1938, the Germans destroyed the homes and businesses of Jewish citizens. Nuremberg was one of the cities where so-called “brownshirts,” a paramilitary Nazi organization raided the homes of Jewish citizens. The article by Rinde reveals the story of Ehrlich, who was Jewish, and due to the anti-Semitic political and social attitudes “he was denied full credit for helping develop a diphtheria serum at the Charité hospital in Berlin” (para. 3). Due to the fact that he refused to convert to Christianity, Ehrlich faced difficulties in his career. This source describes how another Jewish physician, Adolf Dessauer, ordered Ehrlich’s portrait in 1927 as a symbol of recognising the latter’s achievement. This painting, along with Dessauer’s other belongings, was destroyed when the brown shirts began raiding his family home. Moreover, Dessauer had to give all his savings to the paramilitary that day (Rinde, 2017). Later that day, when the police arrived, his family was too afraid to write a complaint. Kristallnacht is one example of how the political power of the Nazis had detrimental consequences — the Jewish people were oppressed and later brutally murdered. Overall, Kristallnacht was a coordinated action of attacks against Jewish citizens in different parts of Germany. The article “A History of Violence” by Rinde is a description of historical events that happened in 1938 in Germany. The text refers to the events of Kristallnacht as well as some institutionalized oppression that was prevalent in Nazi Germany. This paper will analyses the reliability, usefulness and bias of “A History of Violence” as part of the source evaluation process. Firstly, the reliability of this source is moderate because of the medium where it was published. This source is not a peer-reviewed article, although it was published in a scientific journal that focuses on history. Despite the author citing correct dates, there are no references to primary sources. Hence, this is not the most reliable source, and a peer-reviewed article in a history-related journal would be more reliable. Next, in terms of usefulness, Rinde’s text highlights the consequences of detrimental political power that Jewish people experienced, using examples of Elrich and Dessauer. Despite some reliability issues, this source is very useful, since it provides an outline of one man’s experience of Kristallnacht. This information is
Genetically modified foods are foods produced through biotechnology processes involving alteration of DNA. This genetic modification is done to give the organism or crops with enhanced nutritional value, increased resistance to herbicides and pesticides, and reduction of production costs. Besides, genetically modified foods are integral in enhancement of food security, enhanced quality and increased shelf-life; hence becoming cost-effective to consumers and farmers. However, genetically modified foods have raised issues pertaining to safety and consequences of their consumption. This paper highlights the negative aspects that are associated with genetically modified foods; genetically modified foods expose people and the environment to risks. First, experts are not certain that the process is safe. Therefore, there are fears that DNA transfer might not be effective. Moreover, untargeted cells may be affected resulting in suppression of some proteins. This would lead to unanticipated gene mutations in target cells hence, leading to physiological alterations. Secondly, research has shown that genetically modified foods pose serious health risks. For instance, GMOs can cause impotency, disorders of the immune system, hormonal disorders, accelerated aging, alteration of vital organs in the body system. Moreover, genetically modified foods can cause allergies and be a source of toxins. Thus, their use has seen the development of complications such as premature delivery, abortions and sterility. Moreover, it is evident that animals feeding on genetically modified food have an increased number of cytokines. This has been associated with conditions such as allergies, inflammation and asthma in human beings. In serious cases, these foods have worsened medical conditions that were mild. Thirdly, genetically modified crops have a likelihood of increasing the expression on naturally occurring toxins. This is due to activation of proteins that control the same. This results in the release of toxins that make foods not safe for human consumption. Thus, people are severely affected when these toxins get into their body systems. Furthermore, genetically modified food suits developed countries. Farmers in developed countries have resources and capital to execute this procedure. However, low income farmers are at a disadvantage because they cannot afford its procedures. In addition, political and economic aspects prevent food distribution to the poor and vulnerable populations in developing nations. What is more, genetically modified foods are associated with environmental risks. Large scale farming involving genetically modified foods serves the interests of few people. In fact, it has been determined that the process is commercialized to the extent that, it exploits people’s patents rather than giving support and protection.
In the flow of Christology there were different trends which influenced the growth of this theological teaching. The historical data provide hot discussions among not just philosophers but hole philosophical schools. Thus, Gnostics outlined that Jesus was not material creature (McMahon 123). However, the humanity of Jesus was spread among believers. The notion of the divine bilateral relation of Christ to spiritual and material worlds is understood today, as the metaphor which explains the range of wonders which He made. The power of word (logos) and the power of spirit characterize Jesus one being of the Father and related to humanity as well. Among three major soteriological models of Christology it is vital to mention Prophetic, Sacrificial, and Penal Substitution. In this respect Prophetic model admits that God uses events and people for making historical changes in order to save righteous and judge wicked people (McMahon 173). The advantage of it is emphasis on sin and death; limitation – lack of moral constituent. Sacrificial model designates the role of sacrifice of Jesus and his blood as the symbol of forgiveness (McMahon 173). Advantage is the provision of continuity of Covenants between people and God. Weakness lies in lack of information about ministry of Jesus. Penal Substitution admits that death of Christ is a substitution of peoples’ death (McMahon 173). It highlights the complete character of God’s salvation, but the role of conversion is unclear (McMahon 173). Sacrificial model best fits the provision of message about salvation in 2009, because of the direct and slight approach of it for contemporary busy and nervous people. Christological ideas are as follows: humility, goodness, purity of mind, loving Jesus above all, appreciation of God’s grace and significance of Holy Cross (Kempis 7). Hence, they support all points admitted by Jesus for all who follow Him. These are the main ideas in Christology which serve to be the so-called road to understanding the mission of Christ. Soteriological idea is the salvation of God’s people. It is a point of how Jesus designates righteous from wicked in the entire life. Jesus saves everyone who is sincere in this issue. He is expressed as the Son of God, as the beginning and the end, as the path, life, and truth etc. These interpretations of who is Jesus give ground for understanding of how He saves. In fact, it is the issue of faith, but most of preachers say that some kind of revelation should come to a man’s consciousness. James Cone represents an assumption which is deeply based on the ethnical and racial problems of American society (Burrow 35). In this respect the position of Christopher McMahon relies on the description of Jesus, as significant for everyone in the world. Moreover, this assertion is emphasized with the fact that Jesus appeared to serve first for Jews, and then the New Testament gives the way for all nations. Thus, there is no difference about the issue of color of skin. Exclusivism, Inclusivism, and Pluralism are three respo
Shaw in the first chapter of his “ The Jack-Roller ” has mentioned all the cases related to juvenile delinquency and has tried to emphasize the notion that our sociological customs are mainly responsible for thrusting our youth into delinquent behavior. The onus lies on the shoulders of our society, particularly parents, to analyze any hyperactivity or the antisocial tendency of conduct disorder among children. Delinquency is dependent upon the extent to which the fairness of an institution is judged and the inequalities it allows in society. The first criterion that evaluates such behavior among children questions us whether rights are equally distributed in the society and if distributed whether it is rational for the least-advantaged representative individuals of practice to accept its inequalities. If the situation that escorts children to adopt such behavior is improved while keeping in view the inequalities, then the practice may be considered fair, otherwise, it is only destroying our youth sociology. Criminal behavior within children is identifiable in context with communities with high rates that tend to have social and economic characteristics that differentiate them from communities with low rates. Delinquency among boys is more common than girls and constitutes prevalence overall officially recorded offenses having its roots in the dynamic life of the community. Although the meaning of being delinquent leads us to think in diversified ways, the high degree of consistency in the association between delinquency and other characteristics of our society not only sustains the conclusion that delinquent behavior is related directly to the community but also raises the concern to establish that all social organizations of our society do not take measures to alleviate the ground root of juvenile delinquency. Problem of Delinquency Shaw has introduced the Juvenile problem effectively but has only emphasized one dimension of the root cause of the problem, the most significant aspect responsible for juvenile behavior among adults is not discussed, which is the role of parents in shaping their children’s personalities. Multitudes of parents are confronted by their child’s stealing, early sexual behavior, serious substance use, or prolonged depressed moods but the amazing thing is that parents never bother to analyze the main reasons behind such misconduct. At home, parents may see endless quarrels in which children and their siblings may become participants as well as victims resulting in the fear of parents that their child will not outgrow serious problem behavior and might become chronically delinquent, addicted to alcohol or drugs, or mentally unstable. On the other hand, the role of schools and institutions is also vital because, at school, children who are treated unfairly are the victims of ridicule, th
Flare Guns is a song about conflicted love and how two people want to be together but are unsure if it is the right thing to do. When they call the individual, a mental “flare gun” goes off, and they question if it is a brilliant idea to keep coming back to the person who causes them so much grief. The chorus is the most significant motif in this song; it is repeated several times and truly hammers home Quinn and Chelsea’s argument. The song begins by discussing how they are drifting apart, something they do not want to happen but may have to because they are both harmful to one other. While their love for one another is tremendous, there are several indications that they are not meant to be. The song’s rhythm is primarily constant throughout. At some points, the pace varies slightly, and an additional instrument is introduced to help the lines flow. Quinn’s voice blends seamlessly with the song’s rate and rhythm, creating a pleasant tone. The song’s pre-chorus talks about how he’d be willing to love her forever even though he knows it’s hazardous but also recognizes that it doesn’t seem wrong. The words are filled with passion; love is a strong feeling, and when an artist sings about it, you can tell whether they truly feel what they are talking about. Emotions make a song great; without them, there would be nothing. The feelings in this song are palpable, as seen by the instruments used and the way the performers sing the words. Quinn occasionally raises and squeaks his voice as if he is being harmed by the emotions he is singing about and feeling. The music video is initially perplexing, as they simply stroll around amid the woods singing. However, listening to the lyrics and experiencing what they are singing makes a lot more sense. They sing in the song about drifting apart and going nowhere. Being in the woods is a world apart from society, and if they are going away from one another, they are “drifting apart.” Additionally, when wandering in the woods, one frequently becomes disoriented, so I can see how they might wind up going nowhere and drifting apart simultaneously. Work Cited Quinn XCII ft. Chelsea Cutler: Flare Guns.
Ted Bundy was one of the most wanted criminals in the United States during the four years that followed 1974. He was a high-profile serial killer and it is estimated that he was responsible for the death of over 35 females. Normally, he would bash his victim’s head with a crowbar and then choke them to death. In other instances, he would rape his victims and also have sex with them even after their death. He managed to escape twice from police custody but in the second month of 1978, he was arrested for the last time. The state of Florida found him guilty of various murder charges and was sentenced to death. At the beginning of 1989, Ted Bundy was electrocuted to death on an electric chair (Sullivan, 2009). At the beginning of February 1978, a young girl by the name of Kimberly Leach disappeared from her school. She was only 12 years old; some witnesses reported seeing her leave the junior high school with a man who was assumed to be her relative. After an intensive search for Kimberly, her partly decayed body was found in a small pig shed in Suwenee County. This was two months later and 45 miles from Lake City where she was abducted. Her body was naked other than a jersey wrapped around her neck. Her panties were discovered close to her corpse with male reproductive fluid traces on the crotch (Vronsky, 2004). During the discovery of Kimberly’s body, Bundy was still in police custody. Before his execution, he confessed to Kimberly’s murder and revealed the details of the abduction. Like many other victims, he lured Kimberly to his car where he had hidden a crowbar under his car. He never revealed how he convinced Kimberly to his car, but we know that he did not bash her head with a crowbar like the other victims. This is because her skull showed no signs of head trauma. He took her to Suwenee County to a holiday inn where he already had a room. That day, he raped her violently and then drowned her to death. He did discard the body right away but kept it for a while. He used to wash it and have sex with it for about a week. Afterward, he disposed of her body in a wooded area near Suwannee River. All of Bundy’s victims had signs of being strangled except for Kimberly since she was drowned (Sullivan, 2009). Groth’s typology of sex offenders and rapists classify all rapists into two categories; child sexual abusers and rapists. Under rapists, there are further three more categories; anger rapists, power rapists, and sadistic rapists. A sadistic rapist is probably the most dangerous of them all because he is thrilled and sexually aroused when he causes pain to his victims. Rapists who fall under this category plan well ahead on how they will atta
Working with a group has both advantages and challenges. Careful analysis of the patterns of social loafing and social striving is the key to finding effective methods of ensuring that all members of the group contribute to the project equally. While working to complete a project in a group, I noticed patterns both of social loafing and social striving. Social loafing is the phenomenon of decreasing activity when working in a group compared to the individual’s efforts when working alone (Meydan, Kahraman, & Bazar, 2014). Social loafing has certain general causes, as it appears to be typical for most people because of our disposition to put more effort into doing some tasks when we are alone. Particular personal characteristics contribute to the person’s inclination to social loafing. People with unique knowledge and skills often appear to be not willing to share them with the members of the group and behave passively. However, the same people put much effort into the tasks suggesting individual work and demonstrate a high level of creativity in such situations. Cultural and educational background also influences the patterns of behaving while working in a group. People coming from more individualistic cultures demonstrate less willingness to work in a team. Social striving is the inclination to put more effort when working in a team compared to the efforts put when working alone. Such a pattern is more common among people coming from countries with conformist culture, as collectivism has been an essential part of their everyday life. Some individual characteristics and skills also influence the disposition of social striving. Sociability and well-developed skills in organizing the work of a group stimulate the person’s willingness to put much effort into teamwork. While social striving contributes to the effectiveness of teamwork, social loafing puts a threat to the successful results of group projects. Therefore, group leaders and project managers need to find effective solutions for dealing with the problem of social loafing, as it directly affects the group performance (Ying, Li, Jiang, Peng, & Lin, 2014). Providing a friendly atmosphere in the group is one of the keys to promoting the people’s willingness to cooperate while completing the project. Organizing activities aimed at encouraging the members of the team to communicate in an informal atmosphere can contribute to eliminating social loafing. If good results of the group benefit each of its members, the motivation to put more effort into achieving these results will also raise. Therefore, defining the real benefits of effective work in a team for each of the individuals in a clear and comprehensible manner can also decrease social loafing. Regular col