ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, social media are used by managers in order to inform employees about the coming events, post updates regarding different projects, and initiate discussions (Mount & Martinez, 2014). Therefore, it is possible to speak about the active use of social media to change the patterns of internal communication. This topic needs to be discussed in detail while referring to the public sector of Dubai because the current impact of social media on the internal communication is significant. In spite of the fact that the strict legislation is followed in Dubai regarding the use of social networks, many companies adapted social media for their communication purposes and chose to share the information with employees immediately (Golden, Wulf, Alanazi, Alhamad, & Shomefun, 2014). However, the processes of applying social media to internal communication are different in private and public companies because of strict regulations followed in governmental companies, and the internal communication in this sector requires the further research. It is also necessary to refer to the key concepts that were identified by researchers in relation to the topic previously, the problem in the sphere of internal communication, and methods that can be appropriate to answer the research questions. Key Concepts In the scholarly literature, the study of internal communication in companies is associated with the sphere of management of human resources and development of the corporate culture (Huang, Baptista, & Galliers, 2013). The studies on the internal communication in the governmental organizations state that managers working in the public sector prefer to choose traditional ways of sharing the information like face-to-face meetings, conferences, and letters (Oliveira & Welch, 2013). The evolution in the sphere of the online communication led to the active use of e-mails in the corporate environment. Oliveira and Welch (2013) state that many companies adapted the social media for the internal communication because of such advantage as flexibility. The use of social media in the corporate context, especially in the public sector, is the new trend. Moreover, the researchers also note that the use of social media in the Dubai public sector differs from the approaches used in other countries as the field of the corporate communication in Dubai is highly regulated (Golden et al., 2014). Problem Statement Managers working in the public sector companies of Dubai tend to avoid or limit their use of informal language and creative or catchy posts in order to attract the employees’ attention while using the social media for communicating internally, why? This problem of the limited use of s
The history of Africa is mostly considered as a period after colonization of the countries by Europeans rather than the territories in their pre-colonial state. As for its empires and kingdoms, they were typically viewed by the colonizers as sources of raw materials needed during the Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the most interesting facts regarding the development of the continent are its peoples’ capability to resist colonization and their successes in exploring the world. The progress of African states can be clearly seen from the achievements of citizens, especially in the Mali empire. They include the travels of its king to the American continent proved by the signs of the African presence in the later years. These circumstances allow concluding on the discovery of the land by these people prior to the beginning of European attempts and, more specifically, Columbus’ journey. The resistance of the Zulu kingdom is one of the examples of the continent’s power in the war with Europeans. In the 1800s, it took several decades for Britain to colonize this territory since the confrontation consisted of numerous battles with almost equal amounts of casualties in the beginning (“The Zulu kingdom and the colony of Natal,” 2019). The fact that they managed to demonstrate a strong capability to resist changes the perception of pre-colonial Africa as a poorly organized land. To summarize, the African entities in all their forms were unique divisions with specific powers and achievements helping them rule such a diverse society. Nevertheless, the question of the role of chiefdoms in the resistance movement and their importance for this historical period remains open. Most information on the topic is devoted to empires and kingdoms, whereas these peoples should have also influenced colonization outcomes. Reference The Zulu kingdom and the colony of Natal . (2019). South African History Online. Web.
Introduction The concept of beauty has been known to differ amongst nations and one community’s idea of beauty may not necessarily be the same for another. This difference in perceptions is what makes human life as intriguing as it is. With regard to beauty, most of the differences that are exhibited from community to community are as a result of the variances in cultures. According to Tjale and De Villers, culture comprises of “a system of shared ideas, concepts, rules and meaning that shapes people’s way of life” and it stipulates how the society should experience and view the world and relate to it (31). The people of the Middle East and Saudi Arabia in particular exhibit especially interesting concepts of beauty. These perceptions of beauty are as a result of Saudi Arabian citizen’s cultural and religious way of life which plays a primary role in the country’s affairs. While there is no universally acceptable standard of beauty, beauty pageants try to come evaluate people on a standard that is acceptable to the local community. These being the case, Saudi Arabian beauty contests offer us a glimpse at the perception of beauty in the Middle East. Th
Introduction The bond between animals and humans has been the subject of serious psychological research (Coren, 227). Prior to the twentieth century, a person’s mental state could easily be called into question simply for showing affection to a dog and vice versa (Coren, 227). That, however, is not the perception of the modern man. Today, dogs and other animals avail a means of promoting both the physical and mental health of their owners or handlers (Coren, 227). To this end, the research has established that dogs are worthy companions, not only as pets, as they can be trained to complement human beings in other more involving duties. In particular, dogs have over the years been trained to assist soldiers in combat. In the USA, for instance, dogs have been fighting alongside soldiers for over 100 years (Frankel, 2011). They participated in the Civil War as well as World War I (Frankel, 2011). Their official joining the US army took place in 1942 (Frankel, 2011). Thesis statement Dogs are invented creatures; with appropriate training, they can proficiently and professionally perform virtually all tasks. Background “Dogs are invented creatures”. One author used this phrase to describe the evolving nature of dogs and their relationship with human beings (Coren, 10). According to Coren, dogs are man’s invention in that human beings have been recurrently changing and shaping them for thousands of years. The relationship between humans and dogs has also been evolving. Human beings are always finding different means of fitting dogs in their lives and creating new tasks for them to perform (Coren, 10). The evolution of dogs in meeting human’s needs is far from being over. This is particularly so because people are not only genetically influencing the size and body shapes of dogs but also their behavior. Their ability to communicate and understand humans has allowed human beings to take advantage of the astounding skills of these animals (Ensminger, 3). Today, dogs can be trained not only to obey basic orders, but also to carry out as many tasks as their owners or handlers want. In the military, dogs are an essential component in many missions. Further, dogs can be trained as teams. For instance, in 1993, three military dogs, Duke, Mick and Tia, set off for Somalia with little supervision, hastily found concealed ammunition, weapons, bombs, and grenades (Duckworth, 156). Classification of active duty dogs The term active duty means full time service and has its origin in the military. In this context, the term ‘active duty dogs’ refers to those dogs engaged in both military and law enforcement activities. Military and police canine functions can be divided in four general categories: detection; tracking, trailing and identification; rescue and protection; and crowd control and suspect apprehension (Ensminger, 4). Consequently, active duty dogs can be classified either as military, police and search-and-rescue dogs. Discussion Dogs fall under each category for their refined abilities in certain tasks. Military dogs The training of military dogs pertains to searching buildings, detecting bombs and other e
The elders who are sixty-five years of age and above normally experience some health problems. Heart failure is one of the most serious and life-threatening conditions for any elderly person. The paper would discuss the reasons the elderly delay in responding to the symptoms of heart failure. Research Problem Heart Failure (HF) has become one of the most common ailments among elderly persons who have reached the age of 65. Most of the admissions and readmissions in the United States are due to heart failure. Over 50% of these cases are preventable when there is adequate self-care. Self-care would include adherence to medication, careful observation of the symptoms and changes thereof (Thomas & Rich, 2007). Even after the diagnosis and treatment, there are repeated admissions due to the delay in responding to the heart failure symptoms. The elderly can use their previous illness experience and social environment to analyze their condition. There are some reasons for the delays in response to the symptoms. The elderly may not be able to recognize the symptoms in time for treatment. Some of the symptoms are also characteristics of other sicknesses (Dahlström, 2005). Symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea can be very confusing. The elderly would also view the symptoms as the normal aging process. Another reason is the patient’s perception of the symptoms. Another challenge is the unavailability of published studies that specifically examine contextual factors concerning the heart failure condition. The revelations resulted in a study that would help to analyze the problem and find a lasting solution. Literature Review The study involved the use of the Self-Regulation Model of Illness. The model has concepts that describe the multidimensional aspects of illness involving the physical, cognitive, and emotional components. The components involve the past and present symptoms. The literature review is relevant and current. It incorporates the history of the problem and seeks to use the current technology to solve the problem. People can use the information to transform their lives. Previously, there had been a lack of information and education on the problem. The elderly had mixed signs that made them think of the symptoms as something normal. The results of the study indicate that if they have information about the symptoms of heart failure, then they can get help on time. The lacking connection is the lack of comprehensive study about heart failure. Another concern is the insufficient knowledge that the elderly have concerning the sickness. Theory or Framework The Self-Regulation Model of Illness is helpful in the study because it examines one’s response to illness through perceptions of the illness or symptoms. First, there are the physical stimuli that help an individual to watch the symptoms and any changes in the body (Jurgens, Fain & Riegel, 2006). The physical stimuli would enable the elderly to use either the cognitive representation of illness or the emotional one. Then there are the coping stage and the appraisal stage. Finally, the elderly have to respond to the stimuli through self-care or to seek care from family, fr
Types and Components of Nursing Theories Many nursing theories are known all over the world. There are three types of them: grand, midrange, and practice. The first one usually consists of abstract and global ideas of ameliorating the medical system; the second one is about the synthase of theoretical issues and their use in reality. The third one proposes real steps to improve the exciting way of helping patients. In general, their purpose is to provide new solutions for the practice in this sphere. It is also important to mention several components of nursing models. The first one is understanding the aim of the work. It means that all healthcare workers have to analyze what they are fighting for. The second one is a personal set of values of a nurse. Expressing beliefs and thoughts with a patient is a permanent part of the treatment process. The last one is about the environment: it includes skills, knowledge, equipment, and patience for helping others. These components are an essential part of every nursing model. Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort At the end of the 20th century, Katharine Kolcaba invented her theory based on her personal experience as a nurse. She called it “theory of comfort”; and the naming fully represents the main idea. The researcher claims that the quality of life is a fundamental need for all patients without dependence on their condition (Williams et al., 2017). What is more, it is necessary to pay attention not only to sick people but also to their families, relatives, friends. Well-being becomes extremely important in stressful situations that are caused by the disease. That is why the support of the nurse in that particular moment is so crucial. Comfort, Well-being, and Quality of Life The principal hypothesis of Kolcaba is that comfort is as obligatory as treatment. However, this term is too abstract to have the only possible meaning. To have a clearer understanding, the scientists from Portugal examined the definition of three words: comfort, quality of life, and well-being (Pinto et al., 2017). The conclusion is that comfort is associated with safety, calmness, friendly communication, and the absence of symptoms. The quality of life is a broader term that includes the idea of a good life and human dignity. The thoughts about happiness, mental health, and energy are correlated with well-being (Pinto et al., 2017). Distinguishing these phrases is essential for a nurse to see the real needs of patients and to provide them with the type of comfort they want. The efficiency of the COMFORT model in Nursing Practice The appearance of the theory of comfort was of great success. There are still new researches and academic papers based on this model. For example, there is a COMFORT model, that is supposed to examine the way of communication between the nurse and the patient in the hospice (Wittenberg et al., 2019). It covers seven different principles: C–connect, O–options, M–making meaning, F–family caregivers, O–opening, R–relating, and T–team (Wittenberg et al., 2019). This way
For Lohika to fulfill Kosdaq listing requirements, AVC, being the largest shareholder, must wait for one full year after the Initial Public Offering before it can sell its shares. However, if it is after six months, it can sell up to five percent of its initial shares every month. According to Venture Company development law, Lohika is classified as a foreign company 1 whereas Altos Venture is classified as a foreign investor 2. Therefore, this means that the Safeguard period is not applicable for any professional investor or a venture capital firm that intends to invest in a venture company. It is important to note that according to the Special Law for the Promotion of Venture Business (SPLPVB), the new technology investment company is not considered registered. However, if the Kosdaq listing regulation applies to Altos, then it should be considered. The Foreign Investment Promotion Law (FIPL) obliges any foreign investor from disposing of shares, which it acquired through capital increase using third party allocation. This is applicable for one year after the acquisition day. For Altos to be considered viable for safeguarding its deposit, it must be ascertained if it is a foreign investor in terms of FIPL regulations, Lohika’s share acquisition date, and its level of acquisition of new share or old share. If Altos is the current largest shareholder, it can only safeguard its deposits for one year. According to the current U.S.-Korea tax treaty, it is not lawful to import tax on American investors’ Transfer Gain. This means that Altos don’t need to pay capital gain tax. A company is supposed to transfer income tax after selling its old shares. This does not apply to Altos. This is because it is only applicable to a listed company in a stock market. The Act on capital market and investment banking details this.
Recruitment within the army started back in 1776 in the United States. The soldiers who were being recruited were to fight during the revolutionary wars. The recruiting stations were situated in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York but today the recruitment is quite open with many stations situated around the major cities of the metropolitan area in the U.S. During this time the recruitment within the army was directed by the Army Adjutant general’s office but this was then transferred to the U.S continental Army command in 1964. The command recruited the regular army and supervised the whole process of recruiting. In 1972, the USAREC body was given the mandate of recruiting personnel for the army. It also assumed the duty of recruiting for the army reserve in 1978. Volunteer-ship was the major way of recruiting but this has changed over the years. Various changes have taken place in the recruitment of the United States Army as the challenges dictate a transformation of policies that would suit today’s needs. Among the major challenges that have been demanded is reform, including the diversity of recruitment within the U.S military personnel. Another area of reform has been collaborating the active duty with the reserve personnel to form a stronger fighting force (Rod, 2008). This paper analyses these two challenges and looks at the factors that have led to the need to transform in addition to the policies that have been enacted to ensure adherence to these reforms. It also looks at the forces which have shaped the policies and finally assesses well these policies have been achieved. Factors that lead to the transformatio
Introduction: The Complex Issues of Ethics in Philosophy It is hard to overestimate the significance of ethics in philosophy. Since the latter often poses a number of moral dilemmas to solve, it is important that there should be certain standards that a philosopher could live up to or at least base his/her judgments on (Rachels 651). Although not all philosophical movements might actually follow the basic principles of ethics, each philosophy still uses these principles as the guidance in defining the good and the evil, which means that ethical principles should be considered the building blocks for a specific philosophical movement (Shafer-Landau 444). Taking a closer look at the existing philosophical movements will help define the role of ethics in philosophy and at the same time observe the ways in which ethical principles manifest themselves in specific philosophical movements. A. J. Ayer and His Defense of the Form of Compatibilism: Explanation Point Since the dawn of times, people have been trying to figure out whether the future has been predetermined by some sort of the highest creature, whether it is God, Allah, the providence, or any other creature of the highest authority, or whether there are millions of options, and by making their choice, people work their way into the future on their own. However, before compatibilists offered their interpretation of future, no one had ever thought of combining the two approaches. Adding determinism to free will, Ayer broke completely new grounds in philosophy by stating that there are three conditions that are required for making a choice fully based on the principle of free will in the light of the determinist theory postulates (Stace 224). As it has already been mentioned, Ayer considered that free will was possible in the determinist environment as long as three key conditions were met (Pereboom 204). According to Ayer, tone must draw the line between the notions of free will and responsibility. Therefore, the first condition of free will that Ayer considers necessary is that as long as one has to act in a specific way due to the specific circumstances, it cannot be considered as taking responsibilities. Hence, the first condition is that the circumstances should not shape one’s course of actions; otherwise, these actions are not going to be based on free will in the sense that determinism presupposes (Stace 223). Taking the case of two states starting a war, one can possibly consider the practical application of Ayer’s theory. In the situation described above, both parties should make a decision based on their strengths and weaknesses. However, if one of the states makes political or military decisions based on what is being dictated by the patronizing country, the condition is not fulfilled, since the actions of the state in question are shaped by the patronizing state. Another condition clarified by Ayer concerns the reconciliation of determinism with free will. In other words, according to A