ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Internet can be defined as computer networks interconnection using a standard protocol to provide information to the entire world irrespective of where one is at any time (Garcia 32). The networks compose of public computers, learning institutions computers, business enterprises computers and private organization computers for local and global scope. Earlier the internet was being referred to as the information super highway, its’ main aim of was to avail limitless information to everyone who needs it as fast as possible. Internet censorship refers to the act of controlling information access through the internet. Main motives of internet censorship vary from one website to another (“Research profiles.” 1). Main reasons are children protection from harmful and explicit material, enabling grown up avoid contents that may compromise their community and personal standards, imposition of a moral framework in adult communication through the internet, and blocking of information material that is illegal to possess according to the government of a particular country under consideration. The government uses various techniques to censor internet depending on the content they want to restrict. It does so through the use of program software called web filters or censor ware. Internet censorship Main techniques for internet censorship include, IP blocking technique, this target website hosted by a common server. The entire websites hosted by that particular IP address are blocked (“Research profiles” 1).Whenever one tries to access them he/she is denied the access rights. Filtering domain name server (DNS) method, in this method the domain name is not resolved hence one is unable to access the site. This method uses software that restrict resolving of the domain name, as a result the target website is unavailable. Packet filtering method, this technique uses keywords in filtering the content to be accessed, if the keyword is detected the site content is blocked. Another method is through the use of the uniform resource locator (URL), it uses keywords to block censored site from access. When one try to access a website the uniform resource locator is checked if it consists of the restricting keyword, if the keyword is found in the URL the site become unavailable. Reasons for censorship Different government censors the internet due to different reasons, some may be reasonable and varied, while others are misuse of the power by the government. This has created a controversial situation of whether the government should carry out internet censorship or not (Kenny 1). Different people have different views depending on the perspective one look the situation from, each any everyone has reason and
Global Warming (GW) is a term that connotes elevated temperatures of the globe at closer planes. This originates from the sun’s heat enclosed within the atmosphere. It is notable that such a warming process appears to be escalating. Probably, changes appear negligible to many societies, but they will augment with time. Apparently, the next decades may witness elevated warming levels, upon comparison to the temperature in preceding years. Diverse segments of earth inhabitants and property drastically suffer from the predicaments of global warming. In order to address the repercussions of GW, it is necessary to initiate mitigation strategies. These strategies will augment people’s adjustment and solutions to GW consequences. Thus, this paper will design a sustainability plan for implementing mitigation tactic and solutions for GW. Detailed Description of the Problem The balance of input of energy into the earth and its eventual loss control the earth’s temperature. Some atmospheric gases named “Greenhouse Gases” (GHGs) avail greater controls to
This paper explores how the principles of the consequentialist ethical approach can be applied to the discussion of using animals in medical research as well as in laboratory experiments. The specific type of the consequentialist ethical approach that is applied to the topic in the paper is preference utilitarianism formulated by Richard Mervyn Hare. Preference utilitarianism is only one type among many forms of utilitarian ethics, but this particular approach needs to be applied to the topic of the research. The reason is that this ethical theory helps understand the controversy of the choice made by medical researchers and practitioners in terms of morality when they put their preferences higher than possible preferences of animals. Therefore, the paper aims to provide not only application of the theory to the study but also strengths and weaknesses in discussing animals in medical research from the perspective of this particular type of utilitarianism. The use of animals in medical research is an issue for multiple debates because the problem can be viewed from different ethical points. One of the important ethical perspectives is the consequentialist approach. This perspective is divided into several types of utilitarianism, among which the preference utilitarianism proposed by Richard Mervyn Hare in 1981 seems to be the most actively discussed one (Foëx, 2007). While discussing the use of animals in medical research according to the consequentialist perspective, it is important to state that humans’ preferences cannot be counted higher to cause animals’ suffering; humans and animals’ preferences need to be valued equally; preferences of animals can be even counted as a priority, and the use of animals in research can be changed with alternatives. Preference utilitarianism is based on the idea that preferences of all parties involved are equally important for the discussion. Therefore, this consequentialist ethical theory is directly related to the problem of animals in medical research because it explains how preferences of both humans and animals should be treated in the context when positive results are expected (Li, 2002, p. 590). According to Hare, all preferences can be counted as equal, but it is also possible to prioritize one’s preferences over the others (Hare, 2000). This approach allows understanding the controversy of using animals in the medical research because the preferences of both humans and non-humans need to be treated equally, but in reality, the preferences of humans for finding new medications are prioritized without stating clearly the arguments for such prioritization. Hare’s preference utilitarianism is a strong ethical theory to explain why the choices of researchers to use animals in laboratory experiments cannot be discussed as moral. The most important aspect is the equality in the right to have preferences for both humans and animals (Irvin, 2004, p. 62; Li, 2002, p. 590). It is possible to assume that humans prefer t
With the information contained in the annual report, it could be easier for an investor to make sure that they consider all the essential risk factors and financial performance indicators prior to making any specific decisions. The two primary risk factors that currently affect HP are the Covid-19 pandemic and a heavy reliance on third-party suppliers (HP Inc., 2022). For an investor, risk-related information is going to play an important role due to the changes that are going to affect (a) supply chain operations and (b) materials and products delivery, respectively. Statement on Financial Position Compared to 2020, HP saw total net revenue grow by 12.1% due to increased sales of laptops and supplies. In the 10K Form presented by HP Inc. (2022), it can be found that the gross margin increased by 2.7% as well, being driven by favorable foreign currency impacts and numerous HP employees working from home. The company’s profit margin percentage is equal to 10.24% ($6,503 million profit; $63,487 million total revenue). Based on the current state of affairs in the market, this 10% margin can be considered exceptionally healthy, as smaller companies cannot be expected to perform as nicely during the pandemic. A reasonable debt financing source could be angel investors due to their extensive reach in the market and valuable connections with other stakeholders (Di Pietro, 2021). On the other hand, it could be harder for HP to attain referrals from angel investors and maintain a healthy relationship with them. One possible equity financing source could be stock funding, due to the ability to stay ahead of inflation and increased incomes from dividends and price appreciation (Singh, 2021). Nevertheless, HP could risk losing all of its sourcing and exposing itself to compete against professional and institutional investors. Stock Figure 1. HP Inc. stock price variation: Six-month history. As it is evident from Figure 1, the stock price for HP Inc. started increasing in December 2021. The two main reasons that contributed to the increase were (a) a strong PC market presence and (b) a much more stable operating margin. Those reasons resulted from the pandemic and the need to provide workers from all over the world with reliable hardware.
Introduction Many scholars in the contemporary world concur with the fact that education affects cultural practices in many ways. Others agree that modernity, which comes in form of technological advances, has eliminated cultural practices in society. The modern world is perceived to be rational where people apply logic in doing things. Furthermore, modern society is highly differentiated meaning that secularization is favored as opposed to spiritualism. This research, therefore, aims at testing the hypothesis suggesting that education affects the cultural practices of parents. The researcher interviewed college students. The findings were analyzed to conclude. Method The data used in the investigation was obtained from a sample of students on Campus whereby each category represents a particular social class. A student undertaking social research unit in the university performed the study. The instrument used in collecting data was a standardized questionnaire, which captured information concerning the respondents. It captured their biographic data and socio-cultural records. The researcher preferred to administer the questionnaire personally that is, delivering it to students selected. This was chosen because students were available and the distance between the researcher and the respondents was less. In case parents were to be interviewed, the researcher would have mailed the questionnaires to them because of the distance and the issue of resources. The researcher employed sampling techniques referred to as the quota system. Furthermore, it was also relevant for the researcher to utilize convenient sampling as one way of establishing the population to be involved in the research. Upon realization that various categories of students exist, the researcher employed quota sampling. The sampling technique ensured that an equal number of respondents were represented in the study. The college has several categories including fresher men, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Convenient sampling was vital due to the realization that students are usually busy hence selecting those available would be suitable for the research. The response rate was high given that all sampled students gave their views. The questionnaire had four Parts. The first part sought to capture the biodata information of parents. The second part dealt with the demography and gender of parents. This was to ascertain the prevalence of views in various categories to ensure that if any differences came about, then they would be captured in their demographic space. The third part dealt with the academic credentials of parents (Wolfer 67). The motivation for this section came from the understanding that different sections of the population respond differently to motivators based on age and academic credentials. The fourth part delved into the specific issues relating to cultural differences, starting from the understanding of the concept to the possible effects it would have on students. Findings Table One In
Introduction Technological advancement in the 21st century has caused unprecedented growth in many industries. Companies in the manufacturing industry have gone to great lengths to ensure that they deliver state-of-art products to their customers. This clamor for esteem by the customer has been compounded by the advent of global climate change. The adverse effects of global warming have prompted manufacturers to opt for designs that do not heighten the scourge. In light of this development, companies have gradually embraced the idea of ‘green technology’, which is a term coined by environmentalists to refer to environmentally friendly designs. Technophiles have been obliged to tow along this line of thought by warming up to designs that incorporate green technology. In the automotive industry, manufacturers have expended a lot of resources and time to roll out designs that measure up to the increasingly sophisticated desires of their customers, while at the same time incorporating elements of green technology. The Fisker Karma is a prime example of this trend. While its features embody a modern luxury car, its designers delved deep into their design repertoire to ensure that the car incorporated every practically conceivable element of green technology. This essay seeks to examine the Fisker Karma critically in order to develop a clear concept of its standing as a product in the automotive market. A Synopsis The Fisker Karma is a plug-in hybrid (Leftlane, 2013) car that is touted as the best among the green car generation that is quickly taking its place on the automotive market. It is the “first model in Fisker’s line of production, which is a coupe-like four-door sedan that boasts of a range-extending gas engine and electric motor” (Leftlane, 2013, Para.6). These features set it apart from its competitors in the green car generation of which most are either purely electric or hybrid in the configuration. The Fisker Karma, although it uses gasoline, is always electrically driven because the gasoline-only serves to power a generator, which produces the power to run the engine (Sherman, 2011). The machine is capable of accelerating from zero to sixty miles within about seven seconds, an attribute that is commensurate with modern day sports cars (Leftlane, 2013). The car was engineered in Los Angels by a team of high profile experts headed by Henrik Fisker, hence its name (Cropley, 2013). A lead designer is a man who has been touted to be among the best car designers of modern time, as attested by the fact that he is the man behind the gorgeous BMW Z8 and Aston Martin Vantage car models (Cropley, 2013). The car was built at the former Porsche Boxter plant in Finland as the foremost of the Fisker car brands (Cropley, 2013). It is relat
Comparing the forty-forth president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, to the twenty-third president of the French Republic, Nicolas Sarkozy, it should be noted that the historical background, economical systems and the foreign policy of the two countries differ much. It is possible only to compare or contrast the gentlemen’s ways to the presidency, their views concerning governing the economy, the democratic idea and the politics of collective identity and their ethos. The world community was surprised at the fact that Barack Obama was elected a president of the US in 2008. “Obama self-identifies as, and is understood to be, African American in a society that has persistently discriminated against blacks” (Kesselman 339). The white population was not expected to support this candidate, but the democratic values won and Barack is the first Afro-American president of the USA. Sarkozy has got mixed national and ethnic origin as well, his father was a Hungarian aristocrat, though the question was not so significant as in the case of his American colleague, Nicolas is the first French president with immigrant background. Being a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, Obama is an educated and intelligent man; his personal and professional qualities come up to the expectations of the American people. The election of Nicolas Sarkozy as a president of the French Republic created a sensation as well. “2007 did indeed mark a turning point in French presidential election campaigns, with exaggerated importance placed on public opinion, its measurement, and also its publication in the candidate selection process” (Carballo 141). He received the master degrees in Private and Business Law, so the two presidents are educated in the similar spheres. Nicolas was expected to solve the problems of ailing economy, unregistered immigration, unemployment and crime, but the French people were very soon disillusioned about his activity. Barack Obama and Nicolas Sarkozy are the prominent politicians, whose pre-election slogans were oriented on the well-being of the majority of the population and the recovery of the states after the economical crisis. At the period when Barack Obama and Nicolas Sarkozy were elected both countries needed revitalizing reforms in the sphere of economy. From the very beginning of his political career Obama positioned himself as a reformer, he was aimed at changing not some separate elements, but rather the people’s attitude and the direction of movement. “Obama’s efforts to refocus political debate on bread-and-butter issues is likely to appeal at many centrist voters who are tired of narrow political appeals to a small base of voters and who don’t consider morality issues a top concern” (Dupuis 113). Barack Obama is a commoner and remembers the problems of common people. His pre-election speeches might seem to be a grass-roots strategy, but his further activity proved his sincere care for the welfare of the common people. “Obama’s belief in preparation and self-discipline served him well in his role as president-elect, wh
Introduction The Republic of Belarus is a European country and a member of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Efforts to appreciate Belarus cannot be successful without examining various aspects such as its natural features, system of governance, economy, and culture. It is also imperative to look at the events that transpired in the early years before the formation of the modern day Belarus. Knowing this history enables a comprehension of secrecy and the enigma that describe the nationwide psyche in Belarus. Evaluation of credit is vital in deciding whether a country can enter the international capital markets. In addition, it helps promote remarkable expansion, stability and effectiveness of international and domestic markets. Such a feat can only be attained by gaining an insight into the country’s economy. For someone intending to tour Belarus, it is worthwhile to learn about its cultural assortment and monumental buildings. This paper seeks to give the reader an in-depth understanding of Belarus. It does so by providing the physical characteristics of the country and the natural life (plants and animals) found in Belarus. The paper also provides a brief history of the country, which takes us back in time to the origin of the state and its formation. An economic insight into Belarus is illustrated in this paper while laying emphasis on factors such as currency, gross domestic product as well as the state of employment and unemployment in the country. The paper finally describes the culture of Belarus including various tourist attraction sites. Geography Absolute/Relative Location and Size The Republic of Belarus is a country situated in Eastern Europe on the eastern part of Poland. Its precise coordinates are 53 00 North, 28 00 East. The country covers an area of 207,600 square kilometers out of which 4,700 square kilometers are occupied by water bodies. Belarus shares its southern border with Ukraine. The eastern boundary of Belarus is adjacent to Russia while its western borderline is next to Poland. The northwestern part of Belarus borders Latvia and Lithuania. The total extent of these boundaries is approximately 3036 kilometers. Nationals of Belarus are referred to as Belarusians. The Central Intelligence Agency estimates that the country is likely to have a population of 9,608,058 in July 2014 (“The World Factbook”). The capital of Belarus is Minsk, which is a city situated at the center of the country. The city is the political, moneymaking, scientific, and social hub of the country as well as the managerial base of the Minsk area. It has a population of about 1.9 million people. Belarus is subdivided into six regions with “118 districts, 111 cities and towns, 97 urban-type communities, and 23,973 rural settlements” (“Republic of Belarus: Environment and Safety” 1). Hydrological Features Forty percen
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was supposed to be a political statement advocating socialism to prevent atrocities towards the proletariats (McChesney and Scott). Written in the era of Progressive reforms, Sinclair′s novel presents the starting point which roughly lies at the turn of the century (1900) and if one insists on an ending point it would be the First World War. But as this time was an age of reform and rethinking in respect of various realms of society, it has had a long-lasting effect and some remnants of this progressive movement can still be observed today. The main idea of the book lies in upholding the Marxist belief of the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the accession of the proletariat, or industrial working class (Sinclair). The Jungle may be considered one of Sinclair’s best works which successfully convinces the reader that “social facts” “make” people (Musteikis). It aims to unmask the social and economic evils spread by capitalist oligarchy that prevailed in the early twentieth century America and how it shattered the American Dream of so many people (McChesney and Scott). This paper aims at discussing the enumeration of the American dream and socialism in Sinclair’s penmanship through his book The Jungle. The essay provides a brief plot of the story and then shows how the story bears elements of ideas of socialism and American drea