ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Our modern era has influenced the beginning of the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution which has particular unique characteristics that can only be applied currently. Advanced production and smart digital technology are two main factors of the present industrial process that directly affects all levels of management and social interactions. The innovative approach to technology can be described not only as autonomous and interconnected but also as able to increase technological and digital intelligence and put it back into the physical world. Thus, the most striking innovative feature of today’s technological revolution is the unification and connection of the real and digital space to boost human understanding of information and knowledge in general. Further, organizations are also being transformed using technologies with operational excellence that change the approach to customer service and digital validation. Speaking of new technological spheres that are highly interactive and promising for future generations, scholars distinguish robotics, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, neural networks, quantum computing, and so on (Coteleer et al., 2020). Moreover, such types of modernization can question people’s perception of design, social advertising, and the way society views visual information as a whole. Technology that is Changing User Interactions Undoubtedly, modern everchanging technological advances greatly affect any user interactions, especially the ones that are connected with digital aspects of social communication and management. Hence, user interactions are altered because of the aforementioned peculiarities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where the implementation of artificial knowledge and intelligence in the physical world becomes quite significant from everyone’s point of view. Therefore, ushering in a digital reality cannot be unnoticed by the organizational systems everywhere because it puts the consumer/partner experience in a more essential position than it was before (Coteleer et al., 2020). What is more, the advancement is happening at an exponential pace, which is unprecedented – this fact is affecting user interactions greatly. To keep up with this modernization process, specialists have to be rather perceptive and susceptible to new information because it has never become outdated so quickly (Schwab, 2016). Thus, scholars predict that the way of interaction between consumers, users, and creators will be greatly altered through autonomous logistics and distribution. Changing Principles of UI/UX Design To take into consideration everything that has been mentioned before, nowadays, the UI/UX design community is obliged to follow multiple principles to stand the test of time and stay relevant. First, UI/UX designers’ number one goal should always be to meet the user’s needs completely. That is because, in the realm of the Internet and limitless global online
Article Analysis The article by McAdam and Leonard (1998) alludes to the exploration of traditional business improvement (BI) approaches. According to Delgado, Weber, Ruiz, Guzman, and Piattini (2013), BI refers to a set of instruments and methods that constitute a framework for the identification and evaluation of business processes that contribute to decreased costs or increased revenues. Effective BI can provide a company with valuable strategic perspectives to help it to adapt to a new environment. The article also focuses on the model of double-loop learning that serves as a guarantee of BI’s successful implementation. Beginning with the traditional or long-range strategic planning, McAdam and Leonard (1998) emphasize its disadvantages, such as the lack to provide rapid responses and being flexible and open to new discoveries on the market that inevitably lead to the failure of the establishment of a competitive edge. Besides, the authors argue that it “fails to take into account the creative processes and discoveries that generate breakthroughs and prompt genuine shifts in strategic direction” (McAdam & Leonard, 1998, p. 265). In general, long-range strategic planning retards progress. On the contrary, the learning-based approach to strategic planning allows for the creation of quick responses, thus promoting dynamic strategies and distinguishing between strategic thinking and action. The mentioned approach integrates experience into an organization’s performance. And last but not least, it stipulates progress development and minimum limits. Speaking of the impact of learning approaches, it is pinpointed that the transformation of strategic planning is one of the aspects that introduces the element of renovation. For that reason, it is safe to say that an organization incorporating the learning approach ensures its product development based on modern tools and methods that help to address the current challenges in an effective manner. Meanwhile, the learning approach contributes to the fact that employees “think creatively about the needs of the organization” (McAdam & Leonard, 1998, p. 268). In particular, they assess not only the internal environment of an organization but also the external one as well as any changes and discoveries. In effect, such an approach creates the opportunity to remain competitive in today’s ever-changing era of technology and innovation. It is also essential to note that double-loop learning presents another beneficial aspect of a learning approach. It is considered to be a progressive BI strategy that integrates proficiency and efficiency. Collecting ideas from the bottom loop that is represented by employees, this strategy implies the two cycles, thus ensuring that a range of the required learning interventions is implemented as appropriate throughout an organization. In other words, being a cyclical model that reflects its consistent nature, double-loop learning introduces progress. Drawing from the evidence presented in the article, it is possible to pinpoint that the mentioned learning model is rather significant to keep an organization competitive. Conclusion To conclu
Introduction The Protestant Reformation was caused by the opposition between the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant reformers. It spread to most of the European countries, including Germany, England, and Italy, and shaped the future development of the Church, giving rise to new religious movements and schools. Four main factors influenced the start of the Reformation, both short- and long-term. Short-Term Causes: Indulgencies and the Leipzig Debate Indulgences became a common practice during the Middle Ages and caused a lot of controversy in society. Whereas the believers saw it as a way to avoid the punishment for their sins or to reduce their time in Purgatory, the Church officials saw it as a promising way of commercializing their practice. Indulgences were sold to the people who were willing to pay and denied to those who could not afford them, thus causing an uproar among the masses. The Roman Catholic Church was unable to respond to these incidences of corruption, which gave power to the Protestant theologians such as Martin Luther to address the issue using a reformation. The Leipzig Debate, on the other hand, occurred in 1519 between John Eck, Martin Luther, and Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt. Eck was defending the Catholic doctrine after the writings of Martin Luther on the indulgences were released. Karlstadt, on the other hand, was a Christian theologian who wrote a repudiation of Eck’s treatise and collaborated with Luther to oppose Eck in an official debate. The debate was crucial to the development of the Reformation thought, as it was during this debate that Luther for the first time argued that the Pope had no official power since the Bible alone (sola scriptura) was the basis of the Christian faith, and the Bible did not establish the existence of the Pope. Long-Term Causes: The Corruption of the Church and the Development of Humanism Throughout the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was becoming more and more political, which did not go unnoticed by the theologians. Church officials occupied high positions in the hierarchy and had the power to influence certain political activities, such as the initiation of the Crusades. Many theologians, including Luther, felt that the role of the Church has changed and it was no longer there for the benefit of the people. One of their primary aims was to stop the corruption and the division of the Church into many political units, thus ending the engagement of the Church with political matters and ensuring its care for people and God instead. The development of Humanist thought during the Early Renaissance period was also associated with an investigation into the values and role of the Church. Many humanists wrote on the need to reform the Church and on the obsoletism of the exercised faith in general. For instance, Erasmus of Rotterdam offered a revised edition of the New Testament, which was later use
Since the beginning of time men and women had no parity in terms of their social roles in the world. Not only in business but in many spheres women had no possibility to occupy leader positions but only enjoyed the minor roles. And the thing is that women have not been estimated by their knowledge or professional characteristics they have been discriminated according to their sex. In other words, they are not allowed to take the ruling roles just because they are women. Correspondingly, as women are regarded as the softer sex there should be the opposite, the rougher sex, that is men. It is generally accepted that men hamper women’s development in various spheres, such as business, technology and the like. This phenomenon has been called “the glass ceiling” phenomena, a nicely put metaphor that describes the situation that people can’t advance in their work, as a rule, because they are discriminated according to various prejudices. As far as women are concerned they are discriminated according to sexual character. Formerly, women were not allowed even to get education not to mention even to be permitted to try to do something better than men. Since we still live in patriarchal society, the majority of leading posts in business are occupied by the representatives of the rougher sex. However, it cannot but make me glad that the tendency is changing nowadays. The number of women at the helm is increasing annually. Despite this fact it is sad the salaries of women are still lower compared to the salaries of men who hold the same posts. Dealing with this issue, I’ve become interested in the development of this tendency. I came up with various questions. First, it is apparent that the influence on the today society of the “glass ceiling” phenomenon is fading away. In this respect, I wonder whether it is possible for women to get the same social status as men enjoy throughout the history of mankind. Of course, it seems doubtful that it is possible but, on the other hand, women have achieved great success compared to their position in former years as many reporters and observers claim. Moreover, is there a chance that the phenomenon of “glass ceiling” will cease to exist at all and won’t be applied to women? Will the level of wages that women get increase or even excel men’s wages over the next decades? Ideally, from my perspective, men and women should have the same rights. I also understand that this is next to impossible as the social roles of both sexes were forming throughout the whole history and are very unlikely to change in such a little amount of time. In the light of recent research on women role in modern society and the i
“A Worn Path” written by Eudora Welty is a short story which is full of symbolism. It is possible to find a variety of symbols concerning most important issues. This is a story about love and devotion, about aging and illnesses, and it is a story about racial discrimination in the USA in the 1930s. Each of the topics highlighted are worth volumes. In this paper, I will focus on racial discrimination in the US society of 1930s. It is possible to find a variety of symbols which stand for racial discrimination. Some of these symbols are the path itself, the absence of support and the hunter. Admittedly, these are only a few symbols. For instance, the name of the main character is also a suggestive symbol of hope. However, the symbols mentioned above are more comprehensive as I believe each of these symbols represents a facet of African Americans’ life in the USA. One of the first symbols to be discussed is, of course, the “worn path” (Welty n.p.). The path African Americans had to walk was a really “long way” which was also very difficult (Welty n.p.). The path was full of dangers and “trials” like thorns which were doing their “appointed work” and “never” wanted “to let folk pass” (Welty n.p.). Of course, the ‘thorny bushes’ were all over African Americans’ way. The word ‘worn’ is also very suggestive. Thousands and millions of African Americans had to make the same journey and endure the same ‘worn’ obstacles. To make the matters worse, the woman is all alone on the dangerous road, just like African Americans did not have anyone to support them. Thus, the old woman falls and she is unable to stand up, she sees someone and reaches her hands but “nothing reached down and gave her a pull” (Welty n.p.). Likewise, African Americans had to face lots of constraints and there were few people who were ready to help. In the 1930s, African Americans were discriminated in all spheres of their lives and it was uncommon for a white person to help an African American. Notably, even those attempts made were rather ineffective, as any advance or help was followed by even more horrible conditions. Thus, the fact that the woman has the hallucination stands for the futility of some attempts to help African Americans in the 1930s. Finally, the conversation between the woman and the hunter is also very symbolic. The man helps the old woman stand up, but, at the same time, he is rather disrespectful and he teases the woman with his gun. In a single phrase, the woman reveals the sufferings of slaves, “I seen plenty go off closer by, in my day, and for less than what I done” (Welty n.p.). The slaves were treated like undeserving creatures and were punished even without a reason. Unfortunately, little changed in the 1930s and African Americans were tortured and humiliated. The entire conversation is the symbolic representation of the roles available for whites and African Americans in 1930s. The whites were still ‘patronizing’ African Americans who were regarded as inferior. On balance, it is possible to state that the short story is a symbolic representation of the life of African Americans in the 1930s. The old woman’s path stands fo
Just like most of Sherwood Anderson’s stories, “I’m a Fool” offers an important moral lesson for his readers to learn. Reading this short story, the audience meets a young boy who desires to make a mash on a beautiful girl resorting to the use of lies and deceitfulness, but he soon realizes that such an approach is a mistake. The girl falls in love with the story’s main character because she likes him just the way he is. The young man is very surprised by such a twist of fate, and he is encouraged to change and become a better person. Eventually, the audience may see a better person who wants to be a deserving man in the main character. In his short story, “I’m a Fool”, Sherwood Anderson discusses the problems which young people may encounter including winning a girl’s heart and building relations, and he does so in a non-intrusive, but the intriguing way which adds a special allurement to this excellent piece of literature. The setting of the story is in the countryside of America in the 1920s. The main characters are placed into a rural territory where a great number of different domestic animals and animal stock are kept. The main character describes what he has to face on a daily basis: “the swipes coming out with their horses, and with their dirty horsy pants on” (Anderson 252). The story plot describes a common situation that people face. One day, a young man meets a beautiful girl who is rich and exalted. He describes in the following way: “me trying to pass myself off for a big hug and a swell–to her, as decent a little body as God ever made. Craps almighty–a swell chance I got!” (Anderson 253). He believes there is no way for him to win this girl’s heart, but to lie to her that he is also rich and prosperous. However, at the end of the day, his deceitfulness is uncovered, and the young man is in despair. He comments on his situation: “It was a hard jolt for me, one of the bitterest I ever had to face. And it all came about through my own foolishness, too…” (Anderson 250). However, this time the main hero remains happy because the girl falls in love with him for the sort of a person he is in reality. This subtle irony is an important lesson for both the young man and the story readers. The young man decides to become a better person, stops telling lies, and manages to become successful. Happily, such situations happen in life as well which presents an important truth for every person to remember: “every human should value oneself the way he or she is, try to become better, and this may lead to a great success”. This important message is the main theme of “I’m a Fool” short story. The main character of the short story under consideration understood his mistakes, and he even decided to share his experience with the others to prevent them from acting foolishly: “Perhaps, even now, after all this time, there will be a kind of satisfaction in making myself look cheap by telling of it” (An
Introduction Natural disasters are taking businesses by surprise every year, and causing loss of millions of money in terms of damages and interruption of businesses activities and procedures. The impact of loss as a result of natural disasters can be perceived with focus on the examples of natural disasters that have occurred in the past with disruption and destruction of business activities. Interruption of business and business procedures manifest as destruction of the systems which support businesses such as computers and computer systems such as internet connectivity. Business records and information which play a very vital role in business practices are disrupted or destroyed, meaning that there can never be an analysis of business activities, which would be vital in improving business. Some businesses have necessitated closers once they have lost vital information following natural disasters. The worst thing about natural disasters is that they cannot be avoided as sometimes they occur so abrupt. Small businesses have largely been affected by disruption as a result of natural disasters because they are limited in preparedness, have limited resources to keep in check such dangers, and probably limited knowhow on the avoidance of natural disasters or the problems involved (The Institute for Business & Home Safety, n.d.; The Institute for Business & Home Safety, 2007). They rely on less sophisticated means of avoiding losses, for example, less sophisticated computer networks. The general impact on the U.S. business economy can be premeditated especially with the consideration that the nation has about 27 million small businesses (Hp & Score, n.d.). The most problematic issue is on preparedness on the occurrence of natural disasters because they cannot be avoided. The impact of being not prepared is not only felt on property loss but also manifests as job losses since businesses provide jobs for citizens, and economic disruptions. Businesses rely on other activities, facilities and services such as provision of power, and once these are disrupted, they lead to losses also. Even among the businesses which survive tragedies, there is continued struggle to operate. This points out to the need for businesses to formulate not only a disaster preparedness program but also a p
Contrast Paper Langston Hughes wrote many pomes on a wide range of topics. This paper contrasts two of the prominent poems by Hughes, Mother to Son and Cross. Both poems are written about the relationships between children and parents; however, Mother to Son poem is written from mother’s perspective while Cross is written in form of a monologue of a son. In addition to similar theme, the poems are rather different in their meaning. In Mother to Son poem Hughes explores the difficulties of being a mother, most likely a single one, who devoted to her life to taking care of her son. In Cross Hughes focused his attention on lack of understanding between parents and their children. The poems are comparable in their themes but the raised issued are addressed from opposing perspective. This paper presents contrast analysis on Mother to Son and Cross with the focus on three aspects: son-mother relationships, difficulties of life, and mutual understanding. While both poems address these issues, Hughes adapts absolutely different approaches for each poem. The first theme to explore is presentation of son-mother relationships in poems Mother to Son and Cross. The title Mother to Son suggests that the poem is written from mother’s perspective. In the opening lines, Hughes writes, Well, son, I’ll tell you: Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. It’s had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor – Bare. In these lines, the reader gets a clear picture of a woman, a mother whose life has been a real challenge. Evidently, the son of this woman is frustrated or dissatisfied with something while his mother is trying to explain him that life is not always easy and that she had to go through many challenges. She gives her son a recommendation not to turn back and not to give up. Mother to Son poem is an encouragement given by mother to her son who has encountered some difficulties in his life. Cross , on the other side, explores another facet of son-mother relationships. The Cross covers wider theme of parent-children relationships. For example, Hughes writes, My old man’s a white old man And my old mother’s black Evidently, the speaker (the son) struggles with his own racial identity because his parents belonged to different races: his father was white while his mother was black. The symbolic title of the poem, Cross , is probably the resemblance of Jesus Christ and the cross he had to carry. Similar to Jesus Christ, the speaker of the poem had to carry his own cross – quest for his own identity. Unlike Mother to Son, Cross is more philosophical and