ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
When the organizational changes are significant to make, two major theories are commonly addressed to, namely theory O and theory E. It should be pointed out that the theory E deals with the stakeholder’s value. It can be described as a planned method that is centered on a formal structure and is driven from the top with the help of some external consultants that provide a deeper understanding of the needed direction. In contrast to the described above statement, the theory O suggests development through the experience, the changes are impossible without the participation, and the help of the external consultants seems to be not needed. Every corporate transformation can usually be described with the six dimensions, namely goals, leadership, focus, process, reward system, and use of consultants. The provided theories have significant differences; however, it should be pointed out that the mixture of various approaches can influence the outcome in a positive way. According to recent studies, theory E is usually based on the economic factor, whereas Theory O is centered on the organizational one. The positive outcome requires an active user of both methods and is significant for the improvement. Successful managers usually predict changes as they monitor the environment constantly to see how the market and needs of customers change; however, not every circumstance can be predicted in advance, and that is, it may influence the economic condition of the organization. The understanding of the significance of making the transformation is an essential part of the successful business. It should be stressed that this demands critical and creative thinking, finding a way out from the zone of comfort, and identifying new ways that lead to a successful outcome. Not every company implements certain management changes successfully, although mistakes are impossible to omit while making progress. It should be pointed out that the car company Datsun enjoyed great popularity in the United States from 1958-1980; however, some management mistakes led to the decline in sales and caused a lot of troubles as the company was not flexible concerning finding the common sense with the suppliers. The Datsun Company changed the brand name to Nissan and suffered a very tense competition from Honda that was the reason for Nissan cars to decrease in price. This fact proves the significant role of the environment for the prosperity of the company. The wrong management choices may influence the positive outcome and change the situation dramatically. It should be stressed that Carlos Ghosn, the president of one of the most famous companies Renault and Nissan, has an impressive experience in running the top-selling car companies. Starting his career at Renault in 1996, he developed his success formula that had only three ingredients, namely trust, r
Introduction The interviewee is a woman aged 72 named M. She has a rather active life, both social and personal. M. lives with her husband in a rural community. Their younger daughter and her family (husband and two teenage daughters) live with them. M. worked as a literature teacher and retired ten years ago. She has always been interested in healthy lifestyles. Probably, this fact conditioned her good health for her age. She has been doing her morning exercises for more than 50 years and is not going to stop. They have a family tradition of long weekend walks with her husband, and, at present, their granddaughters accompany them. The interviewee believes that moderate physical activity is the best preventive measure from diseases. M. is the head of a reading club in the community center. This activity provides her with an opportunity for self-realization and the feeling of social significance that is crucial for the mental health of older adults. M. regularly visits her general practitioner and dentist for examination. She demonstrates treatment compliance in case of necessity but still believes that prevention is better than treatment. While she observes some physical age-related changes such as wrinkles, mild hypertension, and partial hearing loss, her mental functions are still not affected. Age-Related Changes M. can be considered a healthy woman for her age. She does not observe any serious chronic age-related diseases. She only reports having some normal age-related changes that do not disturb her much. She has had a visual impairment since the age of 26, so her myopia is not age-related. The most significant age-related changes in the patient are hypertension and hearing impairment. M. has been observing mild hypertension during the last 15 years. Hypertension is found among more than half of people over 60, women in particular (Nagaratnam, Nagaratnam, & Cheuk, 2016). It is characterized by “repeatedly elevated blood pressure, a systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg with a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg” (Nagaratnam et al., 2016, p. 14). An increase in blood pressure is typical of norm
Nowadays, more and more social scientists grow to realize that the phenomenon of crime can hardly be discussed as a “thing in itself”, simply because one’s criminal behavior appears to be closely linked to the particularities of how criminally-minded individual perceives a surrounding reality. In its turn, this points out people’s tendency to indulge in anti-social behavior as such that cannot be solely correlated to environmental factors that affected the process of these people’s upbringing. This is the reason why many of today’s sociologists and criminologists have concluded that, for law enforcement agencies to effectively combat crime, people’s criminal behavior needs to be recognized as having clearly defined sub-cultural subtleties – that is, citizens’ racial, cultural and religious affiliation play crucial role in forming their social attitudes. Therefore, we can only agree with the foremost idea, promoted by essays found in Jeff Ferrell and Clinton Sanders’ book “Cultural Criminology”: “Criminal behavior is, more often than not, subcultural behavior… In this sense, much of what we take as crime is essentially collective behavior; whether carried out by one person or many, particularly criminal acts are often organized within and instigated by subcultural groups” (Ferrell, Sanders 4, 1995). In its turn, this reveal claims that link the rise of crime in Western countries to these countries’ media’ tendency to glorify violence, as being conceptually conflicting, because most Media operate within the framework of a mainstream culture, which is being actively opposed by people affiliated with criminal sub-cultures. Therefore, while not denying the fact that the influence of today’s media can certainly be related to the “decline of morals”, observed in Western countries, we nevertheless strongly disagree with suggestions that it is namely citizens’ exposal to Media violence, whexposureually causes them to choose in favour of committing violent favor, as the ultimate mean of dealing with their existential challenges. The fact that modern Medias often make a point in Mediating violence is nothing but an indication that “something is rotten in the fair kingdom of Denmark”. However, it is absolutely inappropriate to rh Media’s tendency as the actual diagnosis for the process of Western societies’ social integrity being continuously undermined, as time goes by. In this paper, we will aim at substantiating the logical soundness of our thesis. Before we even begin discussing the effects of Media violence upon Australian society, we will need to specify that the realities of post-industrial living make it quite impossible to refer to Australian national Media as being national, in the full sense of this word. In his article “Dictatorship of the Foreign-Controlled Media”, Jonathan Graham is making a valid point when he suggests: “We now live in the virtual dictatorship of a foreign-controlled
Introduction All people dream as this ability is human. Each nation dreams, but only one nation made up the dream that contains the way how to reach it. Of course, this is the American Dream. American Dream is the belief that if you work hard, you are creative and persistent; you will succeed and achieve prosperity. To my mind, the reason why the American Dream is not dead is that it works. And there are a lot of examples of the American Dream realization in real life. Of course, it is also reflected in American literature, for example, F. Scott Fitzgerald paid a lot of attention to this in his Winter Dream and The Great Gatsby. The American Dream in Fitzgerald’s Novels At the very beginning of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald (through the narrator) claims that American Dream invented by our great-grandfathers is still in our minds. The narrator, Nick, mentions his “great-uncle” who “started the wholesale hardware business,” which Nick’s father proceeded to carry on (Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby 4). Nick’s great-uncle worked very hard and, finally, made the American Dream come true. And even after his death, his descendants benefit from his deeds. The other story beginning also reveals the success story of the main hero, who followed the American Dream. He started his business: he bought “a partnership in a laundry” and studied thoroughly every detail which improved services he provided. He worked hard; he even “made a specialty of learning how the English washed fine woolen golf-stockings without shrinking them” (Fitzgerald, Winter Dream 7). And in a few years he achieved prosperity, his persistent work led to the American Dream realization. It is necessary to point out that there are different ways to achieve the American Dream realization. For example, Fitzgerald provides two separate stories: one story shows a transparent and quite exact way to succeed, and the other one shows an obscure way of gaining prosperity. However, the person made a lot of effort to have everything he (and many others) wanted. To my mind, Winter Dream is a perfect example of the American Dream, since the main hero, Dexter, implemented each point of it, he was persistent and very hard-working, he was a very sensible and pleasant young man. From his very childhood, everyone used to say that Dexter was “the best” in everything he did since he was “willing,” “intelligent,” “quiet,” “honest,” and “grateful” (Fitzgerald, Winter Dream2). Even being a caddy, he was very precise in his work; he didn’t skip from work and “never lost a ball” (Fitzgerald, Winter Dream 2). The boy understood the importance of education and was a very assiduous student, and after graduation, he started his business at once. Dexter did everything thoroughly, and that is why in 4-5 years after buying a “partnership in a laundry,” he had a net of very profitabl
My decision to become a dental hygienist dates back to my high-school days. Nevertheless, my initial interest in dental hygiene was sparked by an incident that I witnessed, when a close relative required cosmetic dentistry due to poor oral-hygiene practices. I have limited knowledge on the subject of dental hygiene but I am quite aware of the difference that this information can bring to people’s lives (Anderson & Smith, 2009). Pursuing a course in dental hygiene at the West Coast University would help me realize my personal and career goals. To familiarize me with the specifics in the field of dental hygiene, I spent time with two professional dental hygienists. My experience with the dental hygienists involved observing them as they carried out routine activities that involved clients from diverse backgrounds. This paper is a response to the observations that I made during my visits to two dental hygienists Sergio Rodriguez and Abraham. My first visit was to Sergio Rodriguez’s Crossroads Dental Group and Orthodontics, which is located in Upland California. Rodriguez has been a dental hygienist (DH) for over five years and he has enjoyed his work and all it brought including its financial benefits (Rodriguez, 2015, October X). During my visit to Rodriguez’s practice, he had quite a busy day in the office and I witnessed him serving seven clients. Some of the clients that Rodriguez dealt with required standard procedures while others prompted the dental hygienist to think ‘outside the box. One of the most notable cases that I witnessed during my brief stint with Rodriguez involved a patient who had her gums measured. Before this experience, I had no idea that gums could be measured for any reason. Rodriguez informed me that the procedure that involved measuring gums was known as periodontal probing. Consequently, gums are supposed to measure between 2 and 3 millimeters and not more than that. The hygienist decided that the right course of action was to clean the client’s gums measured between 4 and 6 millimeters. From this patient’s visit, I also learned that part of a dental hygienist’s job was to make sure that the procedures that he/she offered to a patient were as pain-free as possible. I also learned that some of the conditions that dental hygienists might deal with could have direct connections to other serious medical conditions such as diabetes and cancer. When I was in high school, I expected that a DH’s medical repertoire was limited to the field of dentistry. However, during my stay in Rodriguez’s office, I witnessed him utilizing his knowledge in other medical fields and conditions including blood sugar levels, nutrition, and cancer. My second visit to a DH was to Abraham Castellanos at the Mario Castellanos’ Dental Office in Fontana California. Abraham has been a practicing DH for over two years. He enjoys his job immensely especially when he meets new clients. From my observations, I learned that Abraham was quite passionate about oral health. During my stay at Abraham’s office, I witnessed his interactions with three patients. Most of the patients who visited Abraham required simple procedures. One of the
Throughout his presidency, George W Bush has helped a lot in the progress of the U.S. Although often criticized, his presidency has done a lot in making the world a better place for everyone. Yes, not only the United States, but he has also helped the world with some of his actions. His controversial presidency has received both the highest domestic approval along the lowest domestic approval. After the September 11 2001 attack on the World Trade Center by al Qaeda Muslims and his brisk moves to reinforce homeland security, he had an approval rating of around 90 percent. By mid-2007, however, his approval rating went down to 20 percent. His presidency has definitely had its ups and downs with many controversial policies and actions he has made part of the legacy of his presidency for good or ill. The programs and laws that have been passed during the Bush regime can be considered as good or bad depending on one’s point of view. Like his predecessors, Bush has had to deal with both domestic and international problems. Another reason why the Bush presidency is full of controversy is that the majority of the Senate and Congress are Democrats. The difference in beliefs is what drives the conflicts in many decision-making processes along with the passing of laws. One of the greatest achievements of the Bush administration is the “war against terrorism”. With the 9/11 attacks on the United States, the people were all but ready to nuke the Middle East in retaliation. In response to the attack, Bush ordered the invasion of Iraq prior to the approval of the United Nations. This act of Bush, though considered heroic by people at the time, turns out to have been ill-advised because there was no proper justification for it. The reason given for the invasion was supposedly the disarming of the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) of Iraq and saving the people of Iraq from a sinister dictator. Years after the invasion was won, no one could find any trace of the claimed WMDs, except perhaps for the poison gas plants which the world had known about when Saddam gassed the Kurdish minority. As the occupation lengthened with no end in sight, Iraqi militias fighting each other and blowing up any civilians they wanted to, and U.S. military deaths reaching 4,000 at last count, the invasion of Iraq was criticized as the son finishing what the father had failed to do in 1990: get rid of Saddam once and for all to dispel the threat he posed to Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Middle East. Perhaps it would have been better if George W. Bush had waited for UN sanction or given Congress and the American people a more truthful rationale for going into Iraq. After all, great leaders often have to rally their people to do what is necessary in times of crisis. Although highly criticized, the “war on terror” has done some good. Certainly, Bush sent a country that supported terrorists down to its knees, thus setting an example for other countries to close their doors on
Due to the dynamic demands of modern day careers, it important for companies to test potential recruits. Testing employees is a valuable tool that helps to establish the best people with not only the best behavioral but also the best skills and talents to fit in a particular job (Schwind et al, 2007). Schwind et al (2007) also explains that these tests are written as well as oral and sometimes may include roles plays. The company should engage tests that are not biased towards specific people butt towards specific skills. There are four the four basic types of tests available for the restaurant namely: aptitude, personal interest test, personality traits and integrity evaluation. The company needs integrity tests to evaluate employee’s honesty and trustworthiness in the job environment. Trustworthiness is important in portraying employees’ dedication to the job. Personality evaluation will reveal potential employees with the best character traits such customer relation skills, conscientiousness and the emotional stability that are necessary for the fast growing Canadian hotel industry. Aptitude test will help the company to establish the employee’s cognitive skills, knowledge and abilities suitable for the job. The test should also aim at inventorying the recruits’ personal interest The restaurant need to ensure the reliability of test results and as such should combine these four types of tests. This will reduce the margin of error to the bare minimum thus produce valid results that the human resource management will use in making the decision on the best person to hire. Most importantly, the test’s utilitiness will be very important in quantifying the level of productivity of every employee. Thus the company can use test utility information in determining the best combination of employees that will result in the greatest benefit to the company (Jones, Steffy & Bray, 1991). Factors to Consider In Preparing a Report to the MSVU University A good report is intended to be informative, factual and realistic. In reporting to the university, there are several factors to consider in when preparing the report. To begin with, one of the key considerations of the report is to establish the validity of the claim by Halifax Chronicle-Herald on the impending disaster in the university’s human resource requirements in the future. Once the validity has been established, it will be important for the report to define the problem clearly and concisely while giving as much background information as possible. Defining the problem will require highlighting objective and factual information about the current MSVU’s human resource dynamics, while isolating unsubstantiated and subjective comments and reports regarding the issue. To avoid being too theoretical, the report should consider giving a quantitative data by providing statistical information in figures presented in graphs and tables. The reason for this data is to substantiate the gap between the c
Introduction The conflict has been endemic to human affairs since times immemorial. Mankind has fought wars for diverse reasons such as ‘God, Glory or Gold’. In the 20th Century, the traditional reasons for going to war were expanded to include wars initiated for ideological reasons. The 20th century was also typified by the global nature of war encompassing the entire spectrum of conflict from low-intensity troubles to the use of nuclear weapons with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of the Second World War. The response of different civilizations to conflicts varied depending upon the power, vitality, and cultural ethos defining a particular civilization. This essay takes the list of civilizations as formulated by Huntington (1996) as “Sinic (Chinese), Japanese, Hindu, Islamic, Western and Latin American” (45) for the study. The civilizations identified for the study are the Western civilization and the Islamic civilization. The essay will focus on the role played by these civilizations in the conflicts of the 20th century and its impact on the United States and the World. Geopolitical Situation at the Start of the 20th Century At the start of the 20th century, Europe was in a state of ferment. There were three Western empires namely the Hapsburg empire, the Romanov empire, the British Empire (outside Europe), and One Islamic empire; the Ottoman Empire. The sheikhdoms of the Middle East were monarchies sustained by alliances with one colonial power or the other. The Industrial revolution had added impetus to the scientific temper of the people, which had the consequent effect of reducing the hold of religion as a pillar of governance and the rise of new ideologies as means to regulate human societies. America, on account of its geographical isolation, was in a better situation to address the myriad problems of nation-building and thus at the start of the 20th century, chose to distance itself from the turmoil in Europe and elsewhere. The Islamic civilization on the other hand, which had been in a state of decline since 1800 A.D continued to lag, shackled by religious dogma, Shia-Sunni divide, numerous sub-sects, and adherence to clan loyalties. Overall, the geopolitical situation pointed to the growing dominance of the Western civilization over the Islamic civilization. Conflicts: 1900-1914 The period 1900-1914 witnessed conflicts of expansion between the three main empires in Europe interspersed with mass struggles to overturn the old system of monarchies and empires. This struggle was mirrored in the Islamic civilization too, with the abolishment of the Ottoman Sultanate in 1909 and the institution of a constitutional government in Istanbul. “The Balkan wars (1912-1913) ended the Ottoman rule in the Balkans, leading to a succession of ethnic and religious conflicts throughout the 20th century” (Holmes, 2001, p.119). The effect of this turmoil compelled the US to declare a more robust corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The essence of this corollary declared by President Roosevelt was that “Not only were European powers not welcome in the