ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Maunder & Maunder (1979, p. 41) explain that the economic problems and policies implemented in developed countries have placed significant boundaries and constraint. The establishment of new intervention principles and the surfacing of new regulatory organizations have been the combined effect of the political values and economic conditions in many countries. Many nations have faced challenging economic conditions in the presence of considerable government intervention measures. Laws which limit gambling on sporting events One of the key concerns of the gambling participation is the legal age for the gambling activity. Young people are regularly involved in the sale of raffle tickets. There is need for age restrictions regarding child involvement in the gambling events, especially relating to what particular age children should be permitted to participate in the gambling sports events. An individual is regarded as an adult when he or she performs specific roles in managing finances and is mature enough to understand his or her roles and actions and can append signatures on legal documents. Prohibitory legislation is necessary to give direction on matters regarding the gambling on sporting events. Internet gambling for example is currently controlled by the Gambling Act created by the federal administration. The Act provides that individual states should have the ability to devise their own regulations and policies. Gambling is considered a popular entertainment activity in developed countries such as Australia and the attempts by the federal administration to intervene will potentially raise a lot political debate given that several groups and gambling supporters are unwilling to endorse the legislative interventions (Balaban & Carabateas 1998, p.178).). Restrictions on the sale of alcohol at outdoor music and events In many developed countries, individuals love sports and arts. Many individuals in both developed and developed countries are strong supporters of the arts including music and films. The average expenditure for arts products ranks among the best in many countries. The country’s unique cultural landscape is a result of its blend of traditions and a mix of cultures. The government plays a significant role in the development of the national culture. For example the Australian council provides more than 2,000 grants to arts organizations throughout the nation (Penrith & Seal 2009, p. 425). Alcoholic drinks and beverage
Introduction People seem to elicit different non-verbal behavior patterns when they are surrounded by strangers or communicate with someone they know. As such, some of the pedestrians tend to maintain a fairly rapid walking pace. This seems to suggest that they are uncomfortable on the street due to its poor and unfriendly design or they are rather busy with other matters. It is also noteworthy to mention that people tend to avoid touching each other when maneuvering in the crowd. Wood (2015) suggests that such non-verbal behavior is conditioned by culture. Thus, in the U.S. touching another person is considered a gesture that demonstrates a closer relationship. People who walk in pairs seem to be more relaxed and confident which is seen through their posture and active hand movements. Engaged in conversation, they tend to wave their hands, point at objects, and demonstrate their security by other means. Nonverbal Communication Observations of the kinesthetic domain also allow concluding that people feel safer in the presence of their friend or significant other. The walking distance between pairs of pedestrians is significantly lower which illustrates the tendency to share personal space with someone relatively familiar rather than a stranger. The presence of a friendly person also appears to make the other individual more prone to touching hands or shoulders. However, this is highly variable due to the degree of relatedness, friendship, or cultural factors. Thus, some
In a narrow sense, the “zero-sum story” is a belief that there is a competition between racial groups, and any progress for one group is a threat to the resources and position of another (McGhee). This story is the mainstream paradigm for conservative media and has been told in different forms for years. The negative impacts of the “zero-sum” paradigm on the United States are massive and diverse. This mindset created additional economic, political, and social costs for all citizens of the United States. One of the prominent examples demonstrated by McGhee is the history of public swimming pools in cities across the US. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were massive public swimming pools in many US cities, yet at that time “public” mostly meant “white only” pools. After numerous drowning incidents, local municipalities were told to open the pools for all people regardless of their race, which provoked a backlash from the white residents. As a result, cities preferred to close or privatize the public facilities instead of allowing people of different races to use them freely. This is an example of the destruction of public goods and a massive cost increase for the whole population due to the “zero-sum” mindset. Another negative example demonstrated by McGhee is political in nature – many white people stopped pushing for social governmental policies regarding jobs and social benefits after the Black community joined the agenda. In the end, this means less social justice and social benefits for the whole country because the adherents of the “zero-sum” paradigm do not want other races to benefit from these policies. The arguments provided by McGhee seem reasonable and fair to me – they describe the past and current state of affairs in the United States well. The main reason I think so is the factual and statistical support of her position – it is very hard to argue that the US has significant social and economic problems due to racism. Works Cited McGhee, Heather. The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together . One World, 2021.
Executive summary The project is aimed to assess the construction structures presently used in Saudi Arabia and to introduce a new structure company, which offers residential and commercial building solutions to the Saudi Arabian economy. The study was conducted in association with Modern Walls Company and was designed to create a marketing plan for the company to adopt an innovative structure. Saudi Arabia has become one of the leading construction markets over the past few years and the government takes supportive action towards the implementation of newer technologies in the construction industry. The proposed new company can offer lots of advantages like reduction in cost, saving of time…etc. Introduction Modern Walls Company is dedicated to the design, development, manufacturing and installation of residential and commercial building solutions. This destination company offers the advantages of providing structures specifically designed for home structures. Modern Walls Company has the following objectives:   * To provide calm and comfortable accommodation for people.   * To provide less costly houses for people.   * To provide an easier and faster construction process. Current Market situation Market description defining market and market segments Modern Walls Company has given support to the people of middle and lower income groups for constructing less costly houses. It mainly concentrates on the people in the age group of 30-40 years, and also focuses on fresh graduates. It can construct commercial and residential buildings by using synthetic composite materials. The target market is mainly concentrated on the above stated category of people. Based on the target we can divide the entire market into different segments. The following are the different segmentation strategies based on the behavioral, demographic, geographic and physiographic characteristics of people. Behavioral segmentation is the nature or habits of the user towards particular product. Here, the people in the age group of 30-40 years have different perceptions regarding the efficiency of Modern Walls Company’s p
Introduction Most people believe that urban areas offer good jobs with enormous allowances that will afford them comfortable lives. However, these people move to the city without realizing that job opportunities are not increasing at the same rate they are migrating into urban areas. This results in a high a high number of unemployed people in urban areas. Consequently, housing becomes a nightmare and leads to street families (Steel 2012). This research paper explores the possibilities of solving the problem of homeless and street families through counting them and presenting the best alternatives and suggestions on how this exercise should be done. Background Seattle city has about 5,500 people living in poor conditions with an average of 4,200 living in shanties while 1,300 live in the streets. Many people continue to be turned away from the city due to inadequate space to accommodate them. Researches conducted in 1993 and 1997 showed that there were 16,615 and 45,529 people looking for shelter in this city. This means there is an average increase of about 5,800 new cases of homeless people reported every year in this city (Hallway 2003). This calls for the need to develop housing plans to accommodate people living in informal settlements and on the streets (Morgan 2010). Therefore, Mayor Paul Schell’s call to provide urgent housing solutions to street families was a wise decision to help this city in solving housing challenges. However, these problems cannot be solved without knowing the exact number of men, women and children living on the streets. Therefore, the following approach is suitable in establishing this number. Identifying Issues Land First, it is necessary to understand that land is limited and fixed in supply. This means it cannot be increased or multiplied. Therefore, the small land available must be used properly to ensure it has been maximized without being exploited (Hallway 2003). However, there are serious concerns at the rate at which the population of this city grows. Population Growth There is a very rapid increase in the general population and this means the street families are also multiplying. This city cannot accommodate this soaring, population if it does not plan its resources effectively. The local authorities cannot regulate human population increase without involving all stakeholders (couples, healthcare institutions, churches and civil rights groups) in this section. Migration Secondly, the influxes of people from other regions pose serious threats to housing programs since they are not budgeted for in the initial plans. Even though, the local authorities try to restrict admissions into this city some people find their way into the city and continue pilling pressure on the already crumbling housing units. This pushes to the streets those that cannot afford
Introduction Music is regarded to as the universal language that traverses over cultural boundaries and nations thus unifying the human race. Music is believed to have the ability to evoke sentiments ranging from happy sensual emotions to sad and enraged feelings. As an art, music has evolved together with man from a humble mostly percussion beginning to the beautiful and complicated symphonies that engage hundreds of instruments of this modern era. The developed of music was expansive thereby leading to the birth of different styles of music called genres. These genres often depend on the unique geographical and cultural settings of the singer as motivation and inspiration always come from ones surroundings. The United States is home to a myriad of musical genres all originating from differing groups and inspiring different kinds of sentiments. These multiple genres affect people differently and the prevalence for one genre over another varies. This paper sets out to discuss music in the US cultural context. The various kinds of music and their effect on US culture shall be articulated. Advantages and disadvantages of music as a whole shall also be highlighted so as to bring about a deeper appreciation of the effects of music in America. Genres of Music Owing to the extensive nature of music, there is need to categorize music so as to simplify classification and ease the process through which a person can find music that they enjoy. Musical genres can be termed as categories into which music sharing certain stylistic similarities are placed. The popularity and frequency with which music from various genres is listened to differs due to many reasons among which are demographics, religion and age groups to name but a few. A report by Nielsen Soundscan indicates that the Rock genre is the most popular in the US. Musical sales in the year 2007 showed that a total of 150,000 Rock records had been sold making it by far the highest selling genre (IT Facts). This group of music is mostly favored by the youths as can be
Introduction Subutai masterminded the Mongol invasion of East Asia. Since the 13 th century, there has been disagreement among scholars on importance of the invasion to the conquered states. Military historians strongly believe that the invasion was aimed at frightening Western powers so as to make them withdraw their interest in East Asia. This would make the Mongols have autonomous authority over the region. This is proved by Batu Khan’s motives in conquering Russia. He aimed at taking control of western frontiers thus making it hard for Western powers to get into the region. There are numerous scholars who have tried to highlight some of the political, economic and social effects that the Mongol invasion had on East Asian countries. This paper is aimed at discussing social, political and economic impacts of Mongol invasions on China, Japan and Korea. China Political impacts of the Mongol invasion in China By the time the Mongols arrived in China, the country was politically divided. It comprised of four states: Nanzhao, the south Song, the Jin and the Tanggut. The four states had different systems of governance. To effectively take control of the country, the Mongols had no option but to look for means of controlling the four states. This led to them invading and unifying the four states under one rule (Ebrey, Walthall & Palais p. 213). Their conquest did not lead to loss of initial features of the Chinese government. However, they introduced various practices in the government. Before their invasion, the government did not heavily tax farmers. In case of disaster, farmers were exempted from taxation. However, after their invasion and unification of the four states, the Mongols introduced heavy tax on farmers. The need by the Mongol government to fund numerous projects they had initiated in the country resulted in court ordering farmers to be taxed. The court heavily taxed Chinese merchants and farmers and at the same time alienated Chinese officials. For many years, Western Asian Muslims in China were not given a chance to assume powers in the government (Ebrey, Walthall & Palais pp. 243-257). The Mongols appointed the Muslims and assigned them the responsibility of collecting tax. Apart from taxation, there was establishment of classes in the country that were based on race. Under the Yuan, there emerged hierarchical systems of legally defined status groups. It is during this period that the role of doctors and merchants was elevated while that of Confucians was curtailed. Chinese scholars were denied the opportunity of taking positions in the government. This led to most scholars turning to writing dramas and opera music. Economic effects It was during the Mongol rule that most of the Chinese cities experienced rapid growth. The number of merchants in the country increased significantly as the country’s trade recovered. In rural areas,
Introduction The purpose of this task is to explore Bhutanese views on happiness as a form of positive psychology that depicts national progress. Bhutan’s views on national progress are not based on the gross domestic product (GDP) but rather on gross national happiness (GNH). This is the most effective way to assess progress. In addition, spiritual, social, physical, and environmental elements of health are evaluated among the public. This view posits that subjective wellbeing is more important than material progress. Bhutanese views on happiness Based on these views, Bhutan has discarded the normal measure of national growth based on the GDP (Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness, n.d). Instead, the country focuses on GNH as a measure of national progress. This measure encompasses other factors such as physical, spiritual, social, and environmental wellbeing among the public (Bhutan- The Happiest Place on Earth- One Life, n.d). Bhutan notes that happiness should be the priority rather than material achievements (Tobgay, Dophu, Torres, & Na-Bangchang, 2011). Is Bhutan a nation of only happy individuals? Of course, it is not; the GNH is a national aspiration and a guiding principle to ensure equitable, fair, and sustainable growth. Hence, happiness, as a national goal, can only emanate from equitable social development, environmental and cultural preservation, and ensuring a just governance structure. Specific examples from the video were found interesting or meaningful The concept of GNH is unique. It does not find any in the world, except in Bhutan. The country aims to advance good governance, equitable social development, environmental and cultural preservation through GNH. The happiness and prosperity of every citizen are considered as worth more than any economic achievement (Vorster, 2012). Environment preservation is imperative in Bhutan. The country is currently carbon negative, with over 70% of forest cover. People understand the role of the natural environment in their lives. Conservation efforts are vital, but these efforts occur at the expense of economic prosperity, which is not important in this country. Bhutanese believe in good governance to achieve happiness. Good governance is guided by the happiness of the people. In addition, people are encouraged to take part in ongoing changes. The country believes in sustainable development. It provides free education and healthcare for increased standards of living. Only sustainable development can promote the effective use of current resources and guarantee availability for the future generation. Equality drives sustainable development in this tiny country, and it ensures that every member of the nation benefits from natural resources. The contrast of “Good life” as reflected in
Meat is an irresistible food that most people prefer specially during occasions and when enjoying their evenings with friends and families. Most people believe that meat is the most delicious animal product and this explains why it is in high demand. Meat is obtained in different forms from poultry, pigs, cows, sheep, goat, camel, and other domesticated animals. Some people slaughter wild animals and eat their meat even though this practice is not encouraged in some countries. Most people consume cooked meat and other animal products; however, some eat them without cooking because of personal, religious, or traditional beliefs. Raw meat is harmful to human consumption and people should cook it properly before tasting or eating it. The main reason why people cook foods is to make them soft for easy chewing and digestion. Moreover, the digestive system of human beings is not as strong as that of animals. Cooking meat makes it soft and tender because it reduces its toughness by weakening the bonds between muscles. Most people slaughter animals when they are old and this means that their meat is tough. Tough meat may spoil a rather delicious meal because people will not enjoy it (Anderson 33). Most people believe that good foods should be soft and easily digestible. Raw meat is very tough and cannot be digested easily. People may suffer abdominal discomfort if they eat raw meat. This means that meat should be cooked properly and under the right conditions to make it soft and good for consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to cook meat before eating it to ensure it is tender, soft, and easily digestible. Secondly, children have weak jawbones and this means that their teeth cannot tear or cut tough meat. Most children like meat, especially from fish, goats, pig, and sheep. Tough meet may cause teeth deformities or pain in the gum because children use excess force to tear it. In addition, some people have dental cavities and other health problems that do not allow them to use their teeth to tear meat. Most dental diseases are managed by avoiding tough foods like raw meat. Individuals who have weak jaws and eat raw meat are to blame for exposing themselves to severe pain. People should not eat raw meat because they may lose teeth as they try to tear, cut, or chew them. Moreover, tapeworms thrive in raw meat and their eggs stay viable for a very long time even after the animal is slaughtered. People who eat raw meat have higher chances of having tapeworms because they are transmitted through uncooked foods. A research report that appeared on Medical News Today on January 18 th 2007 revealed that most people who suffer from tapeworm infections usually have a history of eating raw pork or beef. Tapeworms lay their eggs which are transported through an ani