ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An accident that occurred with the Challenger shuttle was tragic as it caused plenty of deaths that might be prevented in the case of appropriately ensured safety measures, timely shuttle examination, and attentive risk management. The mission of Challenger was to revive the interest of the press and public in the NASA space program. However, the idea failed – January 28, 1986, the main TV channels showed only the first seconds of the start and switched to standard broadcasting (Villa Bal, 2011). After a few minutes, they had to go on the air to report that the Challenger broke apart and no one survived. The principal cause of the disaster was the leakage of gas through the connection elements of the solid booster that occurred due to an unusual trail of exhaust. However, there was a set of reasons that led to the catastrophe. The problems with the integrity of joints have been known since the second flight of the Space Shuttle program. After the first case, engineers provided the following test: O-ring has been damaged intentionally stronger than before, and then it was subjected to the pressure that was three times more than the pressure in the working chamber. The O-ring kept the pressure. However, the test proved to be incorrect. The engineers understand the seriousness of the problem, but they lacked resources to investigate it in detail and eliminate (Villa Bal, 2011). Moreover, engineers stated that low temperature might worsen the problem with O-rings and raised the issue of the transfer of the start date. Despite the warning, Challenger was activated at extremely low temperatures. Furthermore, another reason for the disaster was a strong side wind that changed the direction of the shuttle making it move in a zigzag. The report shows that a jet flew nearby 30 minutes before the lift-off process. It seems that Challenger was affected by the side wind entering the same layer as the jet. From the above observations, it becomes clear that the shuttle design requires the implementation of adequate measures to eliminate these disadvantages that lead to irreversible consequences. The design of the side accelerator needs to be changed. In particular, the elements increasing the stiffness of the solid booster parts are to be added. A rescue system suitable for the emergency escape of the whole shuttle should be introduced. NASA risk management is expected to follow proactiveness throughout all stages including observation, evaluation, and decision-making. Smith and Merritt (2002) state that “late discovery of potential problems precludes solutions that would have been available earlier” (p. 10). In the case of Challenger, the last 73 seconds were decisive and non-convertible. In terms of proactiveness, it is essential to conduct timely examinations of all the systems. Nevertheless, efficient risk management was not ensured at all stages of the program lacking continuous and systematic control. According to one of the performance objectives in the context of Risk-Informed Decision Making (RIDM), the maintenance of astronauts’ health and safety are to be ensured by NASA risk management. It should be stressed that Challenger
Mergers and acquisition (M&A) is a corporate strategy taken by organizations to expand their operations by acquiring or combining the facilities of other firms. Before a firm acquires the facilities of another firm, the profitability of the company is considered by evaluating the status of profits and loss accounts. However, Selden, and Colvin (70) argue that about 75% of acquisition fail as a result of scanty scrutiny of the actual financial performance of the firms being acquired. They claim that such problems can be avoided if the balance sheet is scrutinized properly. M& A should be seen as an effort to increase the value of shareholders through customers. Consequently, a firm ought to scrutinize the balance sheet because it tracks the capital, and at the same time profits of a firm. The authors claim that business deals are about the profitability of customers. Some customers are money losers whereas others are profitable and thus an organization should be better placed to understand the profit position of customers during mergers and acquisition. In this article, the authors acknowledge that the profitability of customers varies in a dramatic fashion. Consequently, they describe the measures of success. Look At the Balance Sheet Managers look at the profit, and loss account when evaluating their potential acquisitions. However, profits can change any time, depending on the market conditions, and therefore a firm may not be profitable in the long run. This means, one has to look at the balance sheet. A balance sheet is a financial statement that shows the assets and liabilities of a firm at a particular time. It indicates the investment position of the firm. When evaluating potential acquisitions, wealth of shareholders will be destroyed if the balance sheet is ignored by the acquirers. For instance, the profit, and loss account may indicate that the profits of the company are going up. However, scrutinizing the balance sheet may reveal that there is a big charge on capital invested. If such a company is acquired, it may prove profitable before, but later become a disastrous loss thereby destroying the wealth of shareholders. How to Measure the Profitability of Customers A smart acquisition is pegged on profitability of customers. Customer profitability can be calculated using data collected in about two months based on several steps. First, the profitability of product and service is measured taking into considerations all costs. Second, an evaluation of customer preferences is done. The preference may be considered because some customers buy highly profitable baskets whereas others do not. Third, the customer specifics, such as a how the customer behaves, are subtracted from the estimates of the profitability of the customer. Lastly, all the expenditure not acco
Distinguishing between Cosimo’s Values and Those of His Parents The Baron in the Trees is an account about a young boy refusing to live on the ground because of his sadistic sister humiliating him. The hero climbs up the trees and swears he will never descend on the ground. Judging from the plot, the author provides a story about a self-sufficient and confident boy who strives to free himself from the obligations imposed on him by his parents. He prefers living in the trees for the rest of his life to taking the role of a noble baron. Cosimo creates a new world and, therefore, the arboreal existence is a kind of his protest against his family striving to observe the obsolete and accepted norms in society. The plot sets around the eighteenth century, the times when societal norms and behavior patterns were highly valued. The conservative outlook on children’s upbringing prevents the character’s family from crossing the established boundaries and identifying new ideals and paths for development. Hence, Cosimo’s parents are determined to follow the conservative rules irrespective of the common sense. In the book, Cosimo’s father is presented as a man whose “life was dominated by conflicting ideas”. He “…thought of nothing but genealogies and successions and family rivalries and alliances with grandees near and far” (Calvino 5). Similarly, Cosimo’s mother considers it a priority to follow the old traditions and ethical principles. Cosimo’s values are radically different from those pursued by his parents. The hero does support their faithful commitment to traditions and old-fashioned norms. On the contrary, the boy is overwhelmed with the desire to cross the moral boundaries and find new path for self-defiance. In particular, Cosimo criticizes his family for being extremely canonical. These circumstances prevent his parents from recognizing the new tendencies in social development. In addition, both Cosimo’s father and mother consider it rational to think over their son’s career and position in society (Calvino 6). In contrast, the hero believes that the reality is too dull because there are no opportunities for building his life independently. He strives to be more determined while making decisions. Though Cosimo’s decision to climb up the trees was initially meant as a kind of protest, it further turned into a more serious intention to lead life above the ground. In fact, such a choice is congruent with the hero’s outlook on life and society. Everything that is connected with the life on the ground disappears as soon as Cosimo starts living in the trees (Calvino 12). The possibility to make decisions and develop relationships independently from parents shapes Cosimo’s personality and characterizes him as a liberal, radical, and even protestant to existing no
Introduction The term constitution refers to a set of rules and regulations which are used to run a country. Each state or nation has its constitutional document which has been uniquely crafted to address and suit the situation of its residents. Even though constitutional documents differ from one country to the other, there is usually a common feature of all constitutions in the sense that is a legal document whose provisions cannot be overridden by any other law. Additionally, one of the dominant elements in most constitutions is the principle of democracy which refers to the government by the people for the people themselves. Democratic governments allow their citizens to choose their leadership through a free and fair electoral process. This paper attempts to examine whether constitution supports the modern democratic ideals or not. Constitution and democracy Constitution and democracy are very close applications in modern forms of political leadership and it is often difficult to discuss or embrace one without a clear mention of the other. In so doing, the term constitutional democracy becomes of great importance. However, it should be noted that not all governments with stable constitutional documents may end up supporting and applying democracy in their day-to-day leadership especially if the authentic principles of democracy are not put into use. Good governance requires that these principles be applied. From one of the principles, the wishes of the majority should be put into account. In other words, democracy is so much concerned about the power of the majority vote which should always take the centre stage in political governance (Mautner, p. 213). Moreover, this principle equally requires that the very wish of the majority be respected and upheld by the constitution. Nevertheless, this principle is often not in agreement with the principles governing most constitutions. The modern constitutions are quite sensitive to the principles of democracy although its full and pragmatic application in day-to-day governance is still elusive so to
The Biopsychosocial History encourages the use of sociocultural, biological, and psychological assessments in the treating of and interacting with a patient. It is generally done in the form of an interview at the very first interaction between a patient and his or her therapist. Hastings (2015) notes that the test is done at the initial stages of therapy to allow the therapist to get a full picture of what the patient is going through, and pinpoint some of the factors that might be contributing to the patient’s mental health problems. It can be argued that the biopsychosocial history test is very holistic. This is because it does not limit the depth of personal knowledge that the client can provide. The test analyzes the client at all possible levels of self. One can argue that the basis of the test is grounded in the fact that mental health can be influenced by several factors that cut across various platforms and circumstances. Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test II In the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, the therapist uses nine index cards highlighting various geometric designs to the patient. It is important to note that patients that take this test are normally over three years old. Once the cards are shown, the patient is asked to draw a representation of the same card from memory. The test normally checks neurological impairments, visual-motor interactions, and developmental disorders in the client. Each drawing the patient makes is scored based on its accuracy compared to the original image. The test has been very critical in the treatment of children and was initially only used in child psychiatry. Adaptations were also made to suit older patients. Critics have analyzed the accuracy of the scoring model since there is no rigid and absolute grading model. This means that different therapists can have different grades for the same patient, thus, offer various treatment options depending on the discrepancies between the given scores. Danger to Self and Other Assessments The Danger to Self and Others tool is a risk assessment that (as the name suggests) analyzes whether a person can harm him/herself
Introduction In mental health care, special attention is given to the role of nurses, who interact with patients, acting as the key providers of services, supporters and communicators. The majority of mental health problems develop in childhood and adolescence, which affects a person’s physical and psychological health in adulthood (Cowie, 2018). As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), “10-20% of children and adolescents worldwide experience mental disorders; half of all mental illnesses begin by the age of 14 and three-quarters by mid-20s” ( Adolescents and mental health , 2017). Therefore, it is important to be aware of the challenges that are encountered by people in their adolescence to understand their current struggles and assist them. This paper will examine the case of Diana, a 24-year-old female patient, who is now at an acute mental health inpatient care. Since the parents of Diana were unable to look after her, she was put on foster care at the age of two in the family with several other children. The new family was not comfortable and supportive to the girl except Angel, who left their home soon. When Diana was caught with selling cannabis, her parents asked her to leave them, and she started living with squatters. The patient became addicted from cannabis, aggressive and suspicious to others, practising self-harming several times per day. This paper will use a three-phase conversational model (connect, exchange information and find agreement) to explore the importance of mental health care in the given case. A 4P model, including predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective factors, will be applied to evaluate Diana. Exploring the Case of Diana Case formulation is one of the most critical skills for nurses to develop since it implies turning a patient’s story into a coherent report for further treatment. The process of case formulation should include a patient’s narratives, examination information, interviews with parents, and any other available data. In case of Diana, it is possible to assess her background, current physical and mental condition, as well as prescribed medication. In terms of the biopsychosocial model, it is important to prevent reductionism by applying a comprehensive approach to the evaluation, which involves taking into account social, psychol
As part of this assignment, we were asked to review a news article from a major online publication whose topic is related to statistical tools and the Central Limit Theorem in particular. Such an article was the March 2021 piece chosen, namely Three Key Conditions For Robust ML Solutions by Prashanth Southekal. The article was published under the Forbes label, which means that the publisher’s authority imposes some criteria, allowing less doubt about the reliability of the published data. In brief, this material describes the tendency of modern enterprises to use AI and ML as tools for optimizing operational efficiency. The author gives a pretty accessible explanation of these concepts (given their relative academic novelty), followed by excerpts from a statistical report by McKinsey & Co. For example, Southekal writes that the introduction of AI in corporate practices increases profits by an average of 79%. At the same time, for companies with 20% of profits from AI, the speed of launching new projects increases because of remote working opportunities. The author then argues that 80% of all data collected in the enterprise is unstructured, and CLT should be implemented to optimize machine calculations. More specifically, Southekal cites information without reference when he says that the number of records to process must exceed 100 to comply with the CLT concept. As a result, the author cites three critical criteria for using machine data based on the report data and provides a set of three recommendations for companies deciding to integrate AI and ML into their business practices. Referring to the source makes it clear that in his article Southekal referred only to the data that were most relevant in the context of the topic: the report provides additional statistical information. However, there is some inaccuracy in the management of the numbers. From the article, it seems that companies that get 20% of their earnings from AI launch new projects faster, while the report indicates “…a small contingent of respondents <…> attribute 20 percent or more of their organizations’ earnings <…> to invest even more in AI” (McKinsey Analytics 2). In addition, the article mentions a 79% increase in profitability of companies but does not indicate that there is a trend of a 25% reduction in costs. Thus, we can determine that the news article does not accurately reflect the statistics, while the overall message can be modified.
Introduction Tissue engineering is a discovery in the field of science. It was once a sub-field of biomaterials but due to considerable improvements in the sub-field, it is now a field on its own. Regenerative medicine is also used in place of this term. This is the process whereby cells and a combination of other factors are engineered. This is done to provide improvement or replacement of biological functions. It is the process whereby certain parts of the body tissues or an organ as a whole, are repaired or replaced. The tissues involved include the skin, bladder, bones, blood vessels, or cartilage (Langer and Vacanti 920). Tissue engineering Langer and Vacanti defined tissue engineering as “an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life science towards the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue functions or a whole organ” (922). It has also been defined as an “understanding of the principles of tissue growth, and its application to produce functional replacement tissue for clinical use” (Langer and Vacanti 923). The tissues that are usually involved in this process are those that require structural and mechanical properties to function properly. It can also be said to be the process of using cells to perform certain biochemical functions. This is done within a support system that has been created artificially. The artificially made organs include the liver (bio-artificial liver) and pancreas (artificial pancreas). Through tissue engineering, various interventions have been made in the field of medicine. This has led to the production of tissue replacement parts. However, challenges have also faced this new intervention. One of them includes the need for more complex functionality. Another issue is in the functionality and stability of the artificially made tissues. Further research is needed to finally develop the human replacement tissues or organs that would match the actual organs. There are several examples of tissues that have been derived from tissue engineering. One example is in vitro meat. This edible muscle tissue was developed artificially. It was cultured in vitro . An artificial pancreas was developed using islet cells. It was used to produce and regulate insulin in the body. This was important particularly to the persons who had diabetes. Artificially made bladders have also been tested and proven to be successful. Knee cartilages have also been
Background Leadership is a crucial aspect that determines the success of groups, teams and organizations (Sullivan, 2013). Analyzing the individual styles of leadership is an important undertaking since it is the basis of improvement. This paper will include a personal assessment and discuss Mother Teresa’s style of leadership. In addition, it will bring out the similarity between those individual leadership styles and the ideologies of Mother Teresa. Results Assessment During the assessment, the DISC inventory was used to determine the underlying eight dimensions of leadership. After the test, it was established that my primarily leadership style is pioneering. This leadership style is exhibited by people who inspire followers towards achieving their aspired results. Pioneer leaders are oriented to the organizational achievement, and they work to accomplish the stipulated roles rapidly. In order to ensure this accomplishment, they envisage confidence that energizes the followers to forge forward. In addition, they embody an assertive nature that enables them to inspire followers and oversee the fulfillment of the organizational objectives. The authoritative nature is also used as a tool of uniting the team members as they work towards a common goal. On the other hand, the inspirational attribute helps to build charisma that enables the leader to develop strong bonds with other group members. This unity allows them to work smoothly and get the job done. Importantly, pioneering leaders have the guts to take risks. The willingness to take risks is an attribute that reinforces their innovativeness and the ability to make changes. Besides pioneering, I have seven more dimensions as shown on this list.  1. Commanding  2. Resolute  3. Deliberate  4. Humble  5. Inclusive  6. Affirming  7. Energizing In nursing, pioneer style can be used to motivate the scholars, especially in the modern world where there is laxity in this profession. In addition, the capability of team boding can be used to unite employees so that the nurses work towards a common objective. Reviewing Mother Teresa’s Leadership Leadership Characteristics Identified Mother Teresa had a notable attribute of determination that she portrayed all through her life. Importantly, she was determined to eliminate poverty despite the complexity (Bose &