ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Departing from social norms could lead to a magnitude of progress. Social practices have a way of dictating what to do and how to react to certain situations. An institution sets rules to be followed and challenging such norms is termed disobedience. Society, including media, is used to portraying the black community as a sad one so seeing them happy seems like a way out of order. Sharing black joy might seem like resistance from the social norms but will have a positive effect on the whole American society. Adam also had to disobey God to be set free from pre-human state to human. Therefore, leaving social norms can lead to many forms of progress for humans. Resisting the ruling power may seem like disobedience but can result in major human development. For the African Americans, resisting the negative norms of sadness demand sharing more joy with the black community. However, it will take more than individuals to yield positive results. The artistic and media communities need to spread black joy to change the black practice of celebrating sadness and pain. Such actions would communicate the diversity of black, the need to take space and claim their belongings. According to Roderique, sharing black joy “would create spaces of opportunity, possibility, and affirmation” (4). This quote affirms that resisting negative social norms yield positive results. Therefore, if it takes resistance to achieve progress then in this case resistance is good. Acts of disobedience, although may seem wrong at first when they set in freedom, they are assumed right. When Adam and Eve disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden, they seemed to have been corrupted by sin (Fromm 1). However, t
Introduction The world has been overly relying on oil as a source of energy to fuel most of its operations. It is important to note that as much as 80% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuel. Unfortunately, the fossil deposits we have in the world cannot last forever. They will be depleted one day and cause a lot of problems in the world. Therefore, efforts should be made to ensure that other sources of energy are found so that when fossil fuel gets depleted the world does not come to a halt. In this regard, many people especially in the U.S. have been concerned with the steps that the government is taking towards encouraging development of other sources of energy. Consequently, the government has been urged to reduce restrictions impeding the development of renewable sources of energy and increase funding of the same. However, to address this issue, it is better to understand some of the sources renewable energy. Solar Power Among the proposed sources of power to be used is solar energy. Solar energy is a renewable source of energy because the sun has been there and can only be absent for a very short period of time. On the same note, harnessing of solar energy is noise proof which means that noise pollution is avoided when using solar power (Boxwell 58). Similarly, solar power is environmental friendly because it does not produce any form of pollution. In addition, equipments used in the production of solar power are cheap to maintain thus the long run cost of production is low. Moreover, it is easy and cheap to install appliances of solar power. Similarly, the electricity produced from solar energy can be used to power virtually every thing that uses power (Box
Introduction Arts education in California, is slowly being displaced by standardization and career development that promotes Mathematics and Sciences. Over inclination on specific subjects has left arts threatened to oblivion. Governance and influential society, have been associated with decline in practice of arts in California. Nevertheless, arts education is still far from extinction as challenges are now being converted to opportunities. The essay will be argumentative and assume two sides. Challenges that are seen to drive arts out of California will be outlined. Remedies implemented to reinstate arts in California mitigate challenges, leading to prediction of better Arts education. California Arts is not yet over. Discussion Insufficient funds allocated to Arts education, has led to enormous challenges faced by arts in California. Many scholars have stepped in to present their views and future recommendations. Notably, there are those who present reasons as to why field of art in California is facing many challenges. Globalization, governance and ignorance are among key issues associated with challenges. Many art scholars feel that art education is slowly coming to an end. However, there are those who have tripled their efforts to mitigate challenges facing Arts education in public schools of California (Brady and Khan 2). According to Deborah, her career as a music tutor in San Jose is coming to an end. Her music classes have been reduced to one. Other hours that had been allocated to arts, have been transferred to Mathematics and technical sciences. In a study conducted by Music for All foundation, number of students who enrolled in music classes in public schools had decreased with 50%. The study found out that between 1999 and 2000, 18.5% of students in California public schools enrolled in music classes. A subsequent study done in 2004, revealed that the percentage had further reduced to 9.3. In areas of general music, there was 85% declination in enrollment of students. Further, there was a 26.7% decrease of music teachers, according to findings of same study (Brady and Khan1). Arts education has suffered many losses that have been interpreted by many scholars as process of extinction. Budget cuts and implementation of certain policies like, No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), have threatened existence of Arts education in public schools of California (Brady and Khan 9). According to Laurie Schell, situation of Arts can only be reversed by modifying policies, in favor of Arts education. Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, a popular artist has ironically been associated with budget cuts of Arts education funds. California Alliance for Arts Education (CAAE) notes that, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has not advised the state to set aside funds for Arts education in public schools of California. Despite the successful advocacy by CAAE and Arts Community on allotment of Arts education funds in 2005 budget, Gov. Schwarzenegger eliminated it. As a result, California had no state funding specifically meant for Arts education. Declaration
Ardent scholars of religious history will realize that St. Augustine’s assertions concerning Christianity and business are contradictory to the message advanced by this book. For those who have not heard about the fifth century cleric, the author mentions him on several occasions, albeit with contempt. This is because of his ideologies and the sentiments he espoused, terming business a sin and arguing that Christians should neither own nor run these ventures. As a result, he interrogates the credibility of this allegation and sets out to establish if a business venture can be operated successfully within parameters set be the Christian religion. The writer acknowledges that business operators are faced with unending challenges, most of which are controversial and may be contradictory to the core beliefs of Christianity. He cites the example of a business venture run by Christians that prioritized service instead of profits. Fiscal uncertainties forced a merger with a similar minded firm, which in turn merged with another bigger establishment. The result was a clear contrast from the initial objectives of the business as operational principles were utterly overhauled (Chewning, Eby and Roels, 2010). The writer attempts to address the issue of Christianity among business operators in capitalist societies. He cites the profit driven nature of this set up and the way it contradicts fundamental Christian beliefs of charity and sharing with the less fortunate. He argues that the nature of business is determined by the political and economic environment. It is disappointing that he fails to advance this argument further and opts to draw conclusions from the bible that he feels address the issue conclusively. He concludes that people should discern the parameters of the socioeconomic system carefully and make decisions that will extol the Christian beliefs they profess (Chewney et al., 2010). He further argues that accomplishments are not determined by the titles held by persons denoting the capacities in which they serve. He advocates for a different method of measuring success by establishing personal goals, as opposed to indiscriminate competition with rivals. He concludes that prosperity and profitability in business should not be equated to God’s approval and favor, rather it should be perceived as due reward for diligence and discipline in the course of running the business. He supports this by citing that Christians should set realistic goals for themselves, which are easily attainable and will not tempt people to engage in sinful practices. He closes this argument by citing cases in the bible where Israelites underwent tribulations but still had God’s favor and protection with them, urging Christians to be patient at all times (Chewney et al., 2010). A new concept is also introduced when he talks about having covenant agreements with employees as opposed to contractual agreements. This implies that employers should focus on what is fair and right when transacting with employees as well as clients. By doing this, all the necessary pr
Introduction Apple Inc. is a multinational tech company based in California, the US. In terms of revenue, Apple is the largest technology firm, with approximately $365.8 billion as of June 2022. The company has been known for its market capitalization, whereby it has sold many computers and mobile phones. The company was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs and others such as Ronald Wayne and Wozniak Steve. The company’s success has been through digital innovation that matches modern customer trends in technology. The common products in the market include iPhone, Apple Watch, iPad, and AirTag, among others. Apple has endured global success due to the maximization of devices’ capability by adding value to the internal structure of any handset it makes. There have been key marketing plans, and the quality of products makes consumers get interested in the products. Description of the Organization Apple designs and manufactures smartphones, personal computers, tablets, and other products and services, as seen in Figure 1. The company operates on various platforms, such as App Store, which allows clients to discover and download applications, books, music, and other digital content. Through digital subscriptions, Apple has succeeded in offering digital content, such as through Apple Arcade, Apple Music, Apple TV, and Apple Fitness (Smith, 2020). Apple sells all these products to a range of markets whereby individual consumers, small-scale businesses, and government agencies have been key customers. It is important to note that Apple has been regarded as one of the companies that created a class regarding what is offered in the market. Many consumers have raised the company’s reputation in social media, which has given a recommendable perception towards consumerism. The firm is known for marketing its products through commercial ads and print media. The company has an official store and website that assists in leveraging the marketing of its phone, laptops, and other products. The target audience for apple is high-end product users, and that is why the company has been associated with premium branding that matches high customer services. Apple delivers innovative, up-to-date items that fit the market (Hern, 2018). With the current metrics put in place, Apple is gaining a high volume of sales which gives the company stability in the market. Therefore, the company is one of the competing firms globally regarding digital products, and the management is doing all it can to explore the market more. Figure 1: Apple’s products (Licsi, 2022). One of the major moves that helped Apple explore the market right is the foresight to beat the competition. The firm identifies customers’ needs before the customers discover what they require. For instance, the introduction of iTunes saw a major shift in keeping music organized in a given platform. Other key tools include a voice-activated assistant enabled through company research and development (R&D) (Hern, 2018). Simplicity is another way that Apple has maximi
Thumb-sucking (sensual sucking) in children as a sexual expression Freud’s second presumption on sexuality provides exhaustive information on why human beings must consider sexuality during the upbringing stage. I have realized the essence of educating children about their sexuality during their tender years. This circumstance is possible when the child begins to attend school. It is noteworthy that a child finds it difficult to interpret whatever he is taught until he gets to school. Thus, in my opinion sexual edification in children is limited to the age bracket. There is a part of Freud’s text that I seem not to recognize, Freud says for reasons which he will deduce later; he considers thumb-sucking or sensual sucking as a sign of sexual expression in children. I seem not to understand why Freud interprets thumb-sucking as a sexual expression in children. I personally interpret it as conduct in children as a result of the propensity to suck their mothers’ breasts. He further divulges the emergence of a grasping-instinct in kids that extend into pulling of the ear lobes or touching body parts of other individuals. In my opinion, this is hard to understand, since a child will always grasp anything that is placed before it. This is because they are developing their individual senses. In this context, I interpret the simultaneous sucking of another person’s ear lobes by the children as a stage in advancement of three senses. These are; sight, touch and taste. Thus, Feud’s view is distant, in comparison to my own. Freud introduces another concept, when he says sensual sucking comes with an inclusive attentiveness which results either in a nap; furthermore, he equates the feeling to an orgasm. He further acknowledges that this rarely comes with rubbing some receptive section of the body such as the breasts or the genitals. He concludes that a lot of kids go on with this path from sucking to masturbation. I realize that he has introduced the concept of sensual sucking, which he says, involves distraction of attention that leads to sleep. He further relates this feeling to the nature of orgasm. This further distorts my understanding. This is because I can not relate the process of a child going to sleep due sensual sucking with orgasm. I beli
The death of Kitty Genovese was one of the horrendous acts have that ever happened in the history of crime. The heinous crime witnessed one of the human incapability in offering help to others in an emergency situation. Of all the Genovese neighbors, no one came to help her when she was attacked. Surprisingly, it is alleged by the witnesses that it took more than 30 minutes for the murderer to kill Genovese. The time was enough to rescue her. For many years, the same trend of not reacting towards helping others among humans has been observed. Sociologists have observed this trend and have always tried to explain the reasons of such irresponsibility. It is important for moral responsibility to be observed by everyone in the society. Such a contentious discussion is still being investigated. Nevertheless, the murder story of Genovese also raised issues such as what should be done to criminals, who have intentions to kill without reasonable doubts. Some critics argue that the punishment for murders should be death sentence, while others view it as unnecessary action that does not protect lives. The following discussion gives an insight into why people are reluctant to help others and why death sentence, torture or capital punishment should be reviewed on convicted murderers. One important concept that emerges from the issue of people not helping others is the diffusion of responsibilities. According to sociologists, the diffusion of responsibility is the solitary reason behind people being inactive in situations that require emergency help. Diffusion of responsibility will emanate from the aspects that will be discussed further. First, a bystander response research indicates that there is always a “psychological withdrawal with an indiv
Psychology is one of the most developed among the human-related disciplines. It involves a range of domains which are geared towards the understanding of the cognitive process as well as the overt human behavior (Durand & Barlow, 2005). There are a number of braches in the field of psychology. They include educational, clinical, biological, abnormal, community, cognitive, and forensic psychology. Each branch aims to study psychology from a specific perspective and how the findings can be used to understand and improve these areas. The report focuses on the legal issues related to the licensed and unlicensed professionals in the field of abnormal psychology. Those who are in the field of abnormal psychology are mainly interested in investigating behavior which is not common with an aim of describing, predicting, explaining, and making attempts to alter the abnormal behavior manifestations. Professionals in this field study abnormal behavior in order to diagnose and offer treatment options for the mental disorders. The knowledge obtained from the study of psychopathology is quite useful in the other branch, clinical psychology, which deals mainly with treatment of psychotic patients and others with similar mental problems. The challenge that is experienced in this field is the difficulty in distinguishing between normal and abnormal psychology. It is usually believed that abnormal behavior manifestations have significant impacts on the normal functioning of an individual that may call for clinical and research attention (Durand & Barlow, 2005). However, professionals in the field of abnormal psychology experience numerous legal issues, both the licensed and the unlicensed professionals. First, it is quite demanding to become a recognized psychologist. It takes a very significant amount of time to acquire a license in order to legally practice psychology on an independent dimension. If an individual dealing with abnormal psychology is not licensed, he/she is not free to operate a personal shop or clinic (Neale & Davison, 2005). When one is licensed, he/she can work on his own schedule, set the rules and guidelines, determines the fees to be charged for service, and other factors. This implies that if one is not a licensed psychologist, even if he/she is a practicing clinician, the person is restricted on offering services on psychological disorders. In the United States, there are several state and federal regulations that every psychologist must abide by if one is to preserve his/her career. Clear regulations have been set for every field of specialty in the field of psychology. Any violation by an individual dealing with abnormal psychology may be detrimental to one’s future anticipat
Introduction In the past century, environmental issues have been on the center stage as core to man’s existence. The impacts and consequences derived from neglect of the same can be traced as far back as the ice age. Over the past decades, man’s industrious nature has shaken the balance that stood between his environment and the various climatic conditions that prevail in those settings. As such, evils like Deforestation, air, noise and water pollution have been on the rise and consequently pose a threat to our own survival. This could be attributed to the rise in the global population accompanied by rapid technological and industrial advancement. These are among the key factors which have left a negative effect to not only the climate and the ozone layer, but also to our own health. However, in realizing the error of their own doing, nations have come together and put a valuable effort to restore, maintain and manage their respective eco-systems. This study shall look into the environmental implications presented by plastic water bottles. A detailed analysis of relevant literature shall be provided so as to highlight the effects of plastic water bottles to our environment. To this end, solutions on how these effects can be mitigated if not avoided shall also be offered. Emergence of the problem As the global population continues to grow rapidly, the demand for basic needs such as; food, water, shelter and clothing increases much faster. As such, industries and other providers are under constant pressure to produce and distribute these
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci or better known as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was a renowned Italian genius and perhaps a man of immeasurable curiosity and an inventive mind. His multiple talents enabled him to do many things in different fields including painting, writing, architecture, engineering, geology, anatomy, and botany among others (Veltman 381). Despite his diverse talents, Leonardo is well known for his works in art, particularly painting whereby he produced some of the most famous paintings such as the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper , and the Vitruvian Man among many more (Emmer 449; Mills 39). On the other hand, being an illegitimate son of a notary and a peasant woman did little to undermine Leonardo’s quest to excel in different fields, which ranged from painting to science and technology. Arguably, Leonardo was perhaps the greatest mind of the Renaissance era. Background Youth and Early Years Leonardo was born and raised in Italy under the protection of his father and stepmothers. He spent most of his youth working at Verrocchio’s workshop and learning the laws of science and nature after he had been informally educated in geometry and mathematics. His stay at Verrocchio’s workshop gave him the necessary exposure and experience in painting, which saw him becoming one of the painting masters at the age of 20, and he received recognition by the Guild of St Luke (Budd 13; Emmer 450). His Greatest Works Some of Leonardo’s greatest works to date have been in painting more than in science and technology. One of Leonardo’s most famous works include The Last Supper , which was done in the 1490s. The painting captures Jesus’ last moments with the 12 disciples, specifically at the moment where he reminded them that one among the disciples would betray him. The other great work by Leonardo is the Mona Lisa , which he painted in the 1500s, and it is arguably one of the most famous paintings in the world to date. Apart from painting, Leonardo created several drawings in science and technology such as the Vitruvian Man and the picture of a fetus in the womb (Clayton and Philo 8-12). A Renaissance Man Leonardo was a genius and a true Renaissance man owing to his extensive talents that extended far beyond painting and drawing. Following in the footsteps of other Renaissance humanists of his time, Leonardo had developed a keen interest in establishing the relationship between art and science. Accordingly, he had varied interests in science and technology, particularly in anatomy, optics, and hydraulics whereby he came up with some original pieces of inventions. This interest in science and technology had a great influence on Leonardo’s paintings and drawings (Mills 39). Level of Acclaim Acquired Leonardo commands admiration and respect from other painters, critics, and fans in equal measure. His fame and reputation increases by the day, especially considering the number of people who travel long distances and pay a lot of money just to have a glimpse at his famous pieces