Introduction: The Articles of the Confederation The document founded the independence of the United States from the colonialists. The articles of the Confederation established the Confederate states as opposed a strong central government, informed by the experiences of the colonial system, that had hitherto existed. Though the document is not highly regarded, it was instrumental in offering lessons in self-governance in the context of written laws (Duncan Jr 333). Toward a Constitution As of 1787, it had become clear that the founding document of the United States had to be revised to make it responsive to the problems faced by the national government (Kirgis 371). The critics of the document argued that the articles of the Confederation had denied Congress all power to regulate domestic affairs relating to taxation or enforce trade controls. While the national government had the power to appoint ambassadors, call for war, and appoint generals among other duties, it lacked the express source of finances to remunerate them. The turning point for these disagreements came in 1786 when Congress could not raise money to pay the soldiers and service the loans it had incurred in the revolutionary war (Kirgis 371). The United States government was bankrupt. Besides the lack of revenues, the states grappled with ceaseless trade wars through policies that protected their markets and locked out competitors. The Southern States through an exploitative means production sought to create a comparative advantage in cheap labor over the Northern States. With a looming war and a broke national government, the credibility of the United States to enter into contracts with other states was put into question. These compounded challenges forced the continental congress to hold the Philadelphia convention to deliberate and put in place necessary constitutional measures that were deemed necessary to ensure that the constitution of the federal government of the United States could effectively discharge its mandates. The American society was highly divided at the time, calls for liberty rung all over. With the question of slavery as a means of production in the South, they were bound to be continued struggles (Kirgis 371). George Washington Though initially a Republican, he later became a vocal proponent of federalism. He was of the view that an energetic, independent executive was critical at all cost. An all-powerful presidency was the ideal executive for him. During his 2-term presidency, Washington was the first American president to issue an executive order in 1789 by calling on heads of departments to be precise and distinct in the information they relayed to him about American affairs. In total, he issued eight executive orders during his two terms (Duncan Jr 333). Thomas Jefferson Jefferson’s move to purchase Louisiana through an executive order is, perhaps, the most controversial executive order in American history. At the time, the federalists in the Congress termed Jefferson’s move as the closest that America made to the autocracy. His move doubled the American territory in size. During his tenure, Jefferson utilized the executive orders four times. Andrew Jackson Jackson’s most co