ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
When speaking about Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives, one is to keep in mind that Bloom described the process of thinking in such a way that his traditional hierarchy of thinking skills is still used in our days. Thinking skills Benjamin Bloom reflected include knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation (“Designing Effective Projects: Thinking Skills Frameworks,” 2009, p. 1). Knowledge means information recalling ; comprehension denotes the process of understanding ; application is mostly associated with a new situation, in which a concept can be used; analysis means breaking information into separate parts, in order to understand its meaning deeper; synthesis is related to ideas combination; evaluation is considered to be a judgment. In 1999, Bloom’s taxonomy was modernized. The cognitive process dimension is based on the same number of skills; however, these skills are improved. So, remembering, understanding, applying, analysis, evaluation, and creating are considered to be revised thinking skills of Bloom’s taxonomy. Adult learning should be conceptual, contextu
Background Mobile marketing is a range of activities that allow the businesses such as the hotel industry to communicate with potential customers through the help of mobile devices, gargets and networks, in a relevant and interactive manner (Aberdeen Group, 2008, p.1). Mobile marketing is the utilization of mobile phones and other wireless gadgets to enable business organizations to wirelessly provide time and location sensitive information. This is enhanced by a heightened level of personalization that can only be achieved using mobile phones. This new phenomenon is intensified by globalization that is in turn brought about by radical improvements in technology. The speed of transactions and communication is unprecedented in the history of mankind, making it possible to conduct business on a global scale at the speed of light. Goods, services and ideas can be easily transported from one continent to the next and surprisingly a major part of all these transactions can be controlled from a mobile phone. The power of global logistics is now at the hands of the consumers. Mobile marketing is usually conducted through the use of short message services (SMS), multimedia services (MMS), in-game mobile marketing, mobile web marketing, mobile applications, Bluetooth, infrared and proximity systems (Mobile Marketing Association, 2009). These new capabilities can be characterized in speed and efficiency of transactions and communication. Purpose and Objectives The objective of this study is to find out the impact of mobile marketing to the hotel industry and how it can be used to generate more revenue for those willing to transition from traditional methods of delivering advertising content. Part of the objective of this study is also to find out the constraints that can become roadblocks to success. In order to clarify the purpose and objectives of this study the following prompts must be included in the discussion:  1. To understand common guidelines used by business organizations in developing their respective advertising campaigns.  2. To find out if the hotel industry can use the same strategies in order to develop an advertising campaign that can help them increase their profitability. Research Question The main question that needed to be answered in this study is this: Is mobile marketing applicable to the hotel industry? This inquiry is further broken down into similar questions as seen below:  1. What exactly is mobile marketing?  2. Is there evidence to show that mobile marketing can be used in the hotel industry?  3. Is there a precedent to the use of mobile marketing in delivering advertising content?  4. What are the advantages of using mobile marketing as opposed to traditional use of mass media to deliver advertising messages to the customers? Literature Review The following is a review of related literature that would provide information as to the history and current sta
Introduction The French Revolution took place between 1989 and 1799. This was the most radical event in the country’s history. France had remained under the absolute monarch for very long but the revolution led to its collapse within less than four years. During the period, the country’s society and political structure transformed to what would become the new era of European enlightenment. Different movies have tried to cover the historical event from different perspectives. One of these movies is Marie Antoinette. This discussion analyzes the differences between the movie and five other sources in their portrayal of the French Revolution. Marie Antoinette and the Actual Historic Event The movie by the name Marie Antoinette tells the story of the Austrian-born queen and the events leading to the collapse of the monarchy in France. The movie begins by introducing the queen after she gets married to Louis-Auguste. After the marriage she became the Dauphine and later assumed the role of the queen after her husband became the King of France. However, according to the film, Austria was an enemy of France. At the time she was the Queen, Marie was seen to harbor care and sympathy for the nations believed to be enemies of France. This made the citizens mad and accused her as promiscuous and profligate [1] . The film also highlights the events of the Diamond Necklace, an incident that ruined the reputation of the new queen despite the fact that she was innocent. The worst decision by the King was to move the royal family to another city. The idea changed the opinion of the people thereby leading to the bloodiest revolution in the country’s history [2] . Although the movie does not present most of the events of the revolution, it informs the audience about the abolishment of the monarchy in the 1790s by the citizens. Following the abolishment of leadership, the royal family faced the hardest moment and later imprisoned. The execution of the king represented the end of the monarchy. The queen was executed in 1793 using the guillotine, nicknamed the French Razor. This movie is one of the best sources of information about the revolution and the beginning of enlightenment in France and the whole of Europe. The movie informs the audience about her betrothal and subsequent marriage to the King Louis XVI at a tender age of 15. It was after she became the queen of the country at the age of 19 when things began to change and eventually resulting in the end of her leadership as the queen. The events resulted in the fall and collapse of Versailles and eventually the revolution [3] . One thing about this movie is that it tries to concentrate of the life of Marie Antoinette as the best approach to inform the audience about the revolution. However, some other articles and sources tell the story from a different angle. Historians describe the revolution as the most radical event that changed the way the governance of the country [4] . For many years, France was under abs
Introduction The effects of social environment on identity are the topics of the growing interest among scholars, theorists, and practitioners. While the character is the fundamental psychological construct, it develops within a specific social context. Numerous social forces influence the direction and patterns of identity development, but the nature of these social forces, as well as the severity of their influences, varies considerably from one person to another. Under the influence of these forces, a person eventually develops and, at times, changes the set of values, principles, beliefs, and norms he/she wants to follow, to be a member of a specific social group. My life and identity have been shaped by a variety of social forces, which either impeded or facilitated the development of my personality. While traditional values, schools, and peer groups often became an obstacle to achieving my dreams, social inequality motivated me to pursue my most desired goals, whereas social mobility created the most favorable conditions for improving my status. Social Forces That Made It Difficult To Achieve My Dreams Surprisingly or not, traditional values became one of the greatest barriers to the development of my identity. Brym and Lie (2007) describe traditional values as one of the most important conceptual dimensions of contemporary social reality. In their view, individuals who adhere to traditional values believe in the importance of God, do not accept abortions, and hold trust in coercion and obedience, instead of independence and self-determination (Brym & Lie 2007). Such individuals are expected to respect authority and be proud of their nation (Brym & Lie, 2007). The main reason why traditional values were the barrier to achieving my dreams was that I never fit into the traditional view of personality. My identity was shaped by the modern values of religious neutrality, determination and independence, and the importance of autonomy in making crucial life decisions, such as abortion. As a result, I faced misunderstanding and had to struggle to prove the importance of my values and viewpoints against the predominantly traditional community, in which I was growing. Apart from fighting against excessive traditionalism, I faced considerable resistance to growth on the side of my school and peer groups. I can say that the crystallization of my identity went not with but against the morality and principles promoted by the school and the peer groups, to which I was expected to belong. Because I spent most of my time at school, being actively involved in curriculum and extracurricular activities, the school had a fundamental impact on my identity. Brym and Lie (2007) speak about the way schools impose misbalanced beliefs on students about their career, professional, and job future. In my life, the school and peers created a vision of coercion and misunderstanding. As a result, I started to believe that the whole world was focused on conformity, standard
There are many techniques and methods of achieving success, but they are quite different, and everyone interprets them in their way. In my regular practice, I primarily evaluate what I have done in one day based on a parallel with the previous day’s achievements. This strategic comparison mechanism allows me to emphasize my progress toward my goals. Even if the work is little and only a small unit of the global task, it is still significant. Any step toward a purpose is associated with positive experiences. Through this strategy, I reinforce pleasant experiences and maintain a positive attitude toward my work (Canfield, 2018). Daily comparisons help to motivate me to achieve more, and visible progress helps me not give up. Moreover, I try to praise myself for each step made to the goal. Every small accomplishment is a particular reason to rejoice, and success is always about more than just the result. Furthermore, my strategy includes adding another aim every day for my personal growth and progress. It is especially relevant when I have a large amount of work in front of me. Breaking it down into smaller parts helps to focus on specific tasks and clearly define what steps I require to take to accomplish them. Adding a goal also allows me to start taking action today instead of putting it off indefinitely. Secondly, dividing the upcoming work into separate parts makes it possible to determine the necessary daily efforts (Canfield, 2018). Moreover, regular work creates a certain rhythm of activity and acts as a kind of ‘inertia.’ Moreover, its observance begins to act as an independent motivating force for the continuation of movement. An essentia
Introduction In the recent world of technology, media plays a significant role in communication, politics, economy, and culture (Baran and Davis 232). The media exposes people to current information related to several fields. Similarly, it creates entertainment that breaks boredom and idleness, which protects the society especially the youths from engaging in immoral behaviors. E-media makes communication easy, fast and reliable. This paper focuses on reporting an experience of a 24 hours e-media fast. Experience E-media fast means no use of television, computers, and iPods or other mp3 devices, radio, video games, CD players, records or cell phone for 24 hours. The fast came on a school day that I had some assignments to complete. My plan was to use a computer in typing my assignment as well as for research purposes. I had to use my change strategy that forced me to work on my assignment from the library. It took me five hours to do a research that could have taken me only an hour if I were to use a computer. The day turned long for me, as all schoolwork that was to be completed on that day had to be done from the library, which was tiresome. I had to write my research reports that were several pages something I was not used. Similarly, apart from communication with my friends in school, I spent the day without communicating to my parents and other friends. This made my day look odd as compared to the other days. During our leisure time, instead of involving ourselves in video games, watching the TV, listening to music or communicating with friends through the social network sites, we planned to have several physical exercises on the school playground that were followed by sport activities. On this day, I realized that I used to spend most of my time on media with my favorites being the internet, radio, video games, mp3 players’, television, and the iPods. I used the media in communication, schoolwork, listening to music, watching news, movies and other programs, and for entertainment. The level of my media usage had risen to a point that I could not spend a day without the use of any of the media sources. The media fast day came with its repercussion as it had several emotions on me. I felt as if the world had turned at random and everything had fallen apart. The day ended without any updates of the happenings of the day across the globe. This made things even worse as I was waiting to know the progress of the proceedings of a court case in the International Criminal Investigation court. The family and friends too felt the impact of the media fast. My observation for the day helped me to realize the importance of media in the society. Many things happened around the globe but society only received the information of the things that hap
Introduction The beginning of NASA was based on both military and scientific pursuit. After the World War II, United State department of defense started a series of research into the rocket and atmospheric sciences to thump their leadership in technology. The science was based on having better understanding of the earth through observation system, through research and exploration (Harvey, 2003). The plan involved data collection from the outer space. The Naval Research Laboratory’s Vanguard was selected to support this program afterwards but the technological requirements outweighed the funding and this jeopardized its success. The US satellite program was put in crisis by the launch of Russian Sputnik in 1957 but she subsequently launched her own in 1958, the explorer. The launch of Sputnik alarmed the congress and they perceived this as a threat to their security and technological leadership (Madders, 1997). They later agreed to establish a separate agency to conduct non-military studies and research within the space and also to develop space technologies. The agency launched research into mercury to ascertain whether man could live in this planet, whether they could recover both man and the spacecraft safely. The agency issued guidelines on the technologies used and the existing equipment, and the approach to this task. Since the inception of NASA, the society has had benefits ranging from public safety to industrial productivity. NASA developed fiberglass that was coated with Teflon which has been used for roofing in buildings and stadia worldwide. The agency had been responsible for the transfer of information from space to the community; it had improved the communication sector (Madders, 1997). NASA developed cooling systems for treatment of patients with medical ailments like spiral and sport injuries. This was from the garments that they wore that had the capabilities to protect them from high temperatures. They developed a lightweight breathing system for firefighters and subsequent reduction in inhalation difficulties for people in this sector. Every major petroleum and mining companies use data, pictures and images that are provided from space, courtesy of NASA research and explorations. The benefits of space program can be grouped into   * Earth surveying; the satellites launched into the space by NASA were responsible for this function. The benefits could be felt in the sectors such as agriculture, geology, geography and oceanography. The satellites had improved the remote sensing department globally with more and precious information concerning the earth system. Given that the dangers of famine, depletion of natural resources and permanent ecological changes were a challenge to all nations globally, the request for such information and data normally generated revenue for the agency. If the funding for NASA at that time could have been stopped, it would have taken time to develop such info
Application of tools to create value in a market economy Application of analytical tools in a market economy has led to the realization that numerous benefits can result from reduced macroeconomic volatility. “Lower volatility of inflation improves market functioning, makes economic planning easier, and reduces the resources devoted to hedging inflation risks” (McConnell & Perez-Quiros, 2002, p. 12). In addition, “Lower volatility of output tends to imply more stable employment and a reduction in the extent of economic uncertainty confronting households and firms” (McConnell & Perez-Quiros, 2002, p. 23). Presently, recessions have become less severe and less frequent, hence a cutback in output volatility. Nevertheless, it can be argued that there is a potential for such a divergence because individual firms’ performance is basically pegged on non-aggregate conditions such as firm-specific factors. For example, greater firm’s competition is likely to result from more competition which leads to tremendous consequences. However, “one firm’s gains are another firm’s losses” (McConnell & Perez-Quiros, 2002, p. 26). As such, there is little effect on volatility of aggregate production as a result of higher competition, “Firm specific-factors may therefore increase firm volatility without affecting aggregate volatility” (McConnell & Perez-Quiros, 2002, p. 26). Market volatility in the U.S. is essentially explained by a scenario whereby “while the aggregate economy has become more stable, on average, the profits, sales and employment of individual publicly-traded companies have become more volatile” (Blanchard & Simon, 2001, p. 30). As the profits of big company have become less predictable, the schemes that relate wage level on performance of the firms have heightened the earnings unpredictability. Furthermore, workers compensation has been pegged on firm performance since around 1980. The increased volatility of wages by the U.S. workers for the last 3 decades can be explained by such accounts. The shock that hit the economy can, as such, be attributed to the economic volatility which causes great ripple on GDP of nations. For instance, “ an increase in oil prices may reduce the incentives of firms to invest in new capital, and reduced investment will lead to a decline in GDP” (McConnell & Perez-Quiros, 2002, p. 29). Nature and structure of global economic markets Fast economic globalization has heighted the spread and incidence of economic crisis by resulting into ripple effect. Consequ
Executive Summary There are several reasons why women do not competitively participate in computer and information science programs all over the world. Most societies encourage girls to have a negative attitude towards computers by denying them opportunities to handle “sophisticated machines” as boys do. In school, females are perceived to be weaker in science subjects and mathematics; hence, they are not sufficiently supported in studying them. In addition, many workplace environments perceive women as underachievers in computing, implying that they have to work harder if they have to earn equal pay as men or even secure the job. The above predicaments depict why there is a need to formulate strategies that will ensure that women get equal employment opportunities as men and that they get rid of the mindset that computer courses are difficult and only appropriate for men. This proposal highlights the strategies that will be taken by Twilight University to ensure that more women enroll in computer and information science programs. These include mentoring interviews for women, a holistic course curriculum, the provision of scholarship programs to attract more dedicated participation of women in computer courses, creating ample teaching environments, and highlighting the benefits of pursuing computer science to society. The strategies, if implemented, will create confidence among women and instigate their enrolment in computer-related programs. Consequently, the enrolled students will be role models to society and will therefore attract more enrolments. Introduction Computer, information, and science-related programs are important courses that are offered in universities across the world. This is due to their relevance to the current state