ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The product, being developed for those people who lost their limbs, has to provide the possibility of doing usual work. Therefore, high functionality of device is one of the major needs of potential customer who will be able to use the product everywhere at home, for instance, to open bottles in the kitchen. Using the product, customer should feel oneself as a completely normal person who does not have any barriers caused by one’s disability. On the other hand, one of the major needs of customer if safety of the product. Although high functionality is important, it is necessary to pay more attention to its safety. The product is to be easy in use, simple and appropriate for everyone with no matter of age or gender. Moreover, one of the major needs is ease of cleaning and organizing. As the target group of the product may vary, every customer, for instance, pensioner with a weak nervous system and memory should clearly understand to use the device. Ease of storage as one of needs requires the simple and compact model of storing. Additionally, durability is highly important for those who have restricted income; therefore, there must be a guarantee that product will serve for a long time. The image of good product will help involve more new customers and maintain the respect of the old ones. Another important part of customer needs is environmentally friendly design and construction. Made for humans, the product should be similar to real limbs and should be as more as possible natural. Obviously, customer would not want to draw the additional attention to one’s disability. Therefore, design of the product should be aesthetic and do not draw excessive attention to its user. People with upper limb amputations face many problems as they unable to do simple work. Inability to manipulate an object causes various difficulties in life; however, all of them can be solved with a help of an appropriate device designed in order to replace the functions of missing limb. Many companies work on production of such devise that could be easy in use, simple and, at the same time, would provide a high level of functionality and smart and friendly design. Devices for upper-limb amputees must work well in order to meet customer needs. Therefore, as the offer grows every day, everyone should be able to choose a product the most adequate to one’s needs. One of the interesting solutions is the moyelectric prosthesis based on electromechanical construction that helps to measure by sensors the signals provided by the upper limb and activate them. However, device can be easier and serve as the subsidiary mechanism that will allow customer, for instance, avoid the problems while cooking. The concept of usability, functionality and designs are the basic aspects of development of this product. The concept of study is based on analysis of challenge to develop such product that could guarantee upper limb amputees innovative device that could support and supplement the functional capability of upper limb. The design of this product should be based on needs of tar
Introduction Racial profiling is any police-initiated act that is based on race, ethnicity, and country of origin rather than the behavior of the person. It also entails information that leads the police to the seizure of individuals who plan to engage in criminal activities. It is racially-biased monitoring that occurs when law enforcement agencies consider the ethnic background of a person to determine how to put the law into effect. Profiling can take different dimensions, such as police stops, questions, arrests, and/or searches. From a broader perspective, it includes a routine exercise and suspicion that eventually leads to an act of discrimination. This paper provides an insight into racial profiling in America using the conflict sociological perspective. Levels of Racial Profiling in America The police profile individuals to apprehend citizens who commit crimes such as drug trafficking and possession of illegal firearms, among others. The occurrence of racial profiling involving the police usually hinges on some assumptions. At the outset, there is a straight correspondence to habits of committing particular crimes besides being a member of a specific race (Shelby 145). The White police in the US have been accused of profiling the African-Americans. The primary reason for such behavior lies in the assumption that Blacks are more likely to commit crimes than their White counterparts. Testing the Legitimacy of Racial Profiling Proponents Heated debates have ensued in an attempt to gauge the legitimacy of profiling. The proponents of the practice have put forward issues that are addressed by racial profiling. The practice deters crime as the suspected group remains in constant and regular checks by the police. Shelby reveals that the effects of such events have been seen in the reduced number of crimes that have improved the quality of life in the US (146). Again, the process of profiling is democratic since there is a weighing of the interests involved, which balance the tilts to favor particular races (Lippert‐Rasmussen 192). Racial profiling is justifiable on legitimate grounds that are needed to control crimes. Lippert‐Rasmussen further attests that it is wrong to ignore the law of probability (193). Breaking of the law is preventable through fast judgment. This objective is achieved by profiling the victims. Opponents The opponents hold that racial profiling causes resentments, hurt, and loss of trust among groups subjected to increased police attention. This state of affairs arises from suspicions generated among the profiled groups. It further leads to a conspiracy that instigates counter-attacks against the police. In an attempt to fight inequality resulting from the practice, crime proves the best solution to revenge. In the US, the Whites have discriminated against the Blacks, giving them the tag of criminals. In fighting the criminality tag, counter-attacks were used. This turn of events cannot auger well with the security apparatus that the police seek to heighten. Lever holds that profiling is an indisputable act of discrimination and injustice (9
Introduction Marx, Weber, and Durkheim were each troubled about societal changes and the subsequent transformations they saw in the quality of people’s lives in modern industrial society. This paper will set forth how the Fathers of Sociology might respond to a future society through the examination of Andrew Niccol’s 1997 film, “Gattaca”. The paper is claimed to discuss the views of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emil Durkheim. These scientists were bothered with the issue, how the industrial epoch changes society, and to what extent the social structure changes. The key aim of the paper is to put forth an idea, how all the three would respond to a probable variant of future society, by the example of the film “Gattaca”. Main body In their works, the three sociologists explored the problem of class relations. Understanding the way Marx, Weber, and Durkheim viewed class relations is relevant to the film as it also focuses on this problem. Along with numerous opportunities genetic engineering offers classical inequality: genetically superior discriminate genetically inferior against not for whom they are but for what they are made of (Perriman). In a genetically run society, genetically superior will feel more confident in their freedom and rights having the best-paid jobs and better opportunities to succeed in life. We will start modeling the sociologists’ response to a probable variant of future society with an analysis of the views on society and class and the way they are applicable to the situation presented in the film. Marx and Weber’s views on class relations result from the belief that any social order involves the regulation of opposing interests. The conflict between individuals and among groups according to this view is an essential part of every society: The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian , lord and serf, guild -master and journeyman , in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large or in the common ruin of the contending classes (Marx 2002: 30). The quote implies that society does not exist without class struggle. No matter which direction the societal development might take any existing contradictions will definitely spill into class struggle. This seems to be the message of “Gattaca” in which at the beginning the society is proud of the scientific achievements and then gradually experiences the shortcomings of the existing contradictions between the representatives of different classes. Marxism divides people into oppressed proletarians and bourgeois (Marx 1932). Marx described the proletariat as “a class of laborers who live only as long as they find work, and who find work only as long as their labor increases capital.” (Briefs 1937: XI) In Marx’s theory of class struggle, the bourgeoisie plays a significant role. By overthrowing the feudal organization it is seen as an originally progressive force that a
In “Tech’s Frightful Five: They’ve Got Us,” by Manjoo (2017), the author gives their opinion concerning the so-called monopoly in the modern world, which is represented by five major and internationally renowned companies—Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, Facebook, and Google. He groups these corporations under one name, the “Frightful Five,” and claims that these companies are the flagships in their spheres to such an extent that they virtually exclude competition in the market (Manjoo, 2017). When attempting to place the aforementioned corporations in personal rank, Manjoo (2017) notes that he can live without social networking or special modern electronic devices. However, daily activities would become more boring since many gadgets have already made their way into usual daily life. The Frightful Five largely shapes the modern world economy and influences the development of certain trends. Nevertheless, while considering the activities of these corporations in terms of innovation, some controversial nuances may arise; in particular, the uniformity of goods produced. Based on the opinions of other researchers, it is possible to assess the prospects of the Frightful Five companies and analyze their work about innovative advancement. Compare and Contrast Analysis The theories of the various approaches to innovation are described by many authors, but the works of Schumpeter (1942) and Thiel (2014) are particularly significant studies. Schumpeter (1942) argues that any attempt to introduce new technologies and products leads to economic distress and, as a result, creative destruction. The opening of new markets and the promotion of current trends through the creation of innovative products is a business strategy that is doomed to bring down existing competitive links. According to the author, monopolization methods in the business environment adversely affect the development of the economy and do not allow the allocation of resources efficiently among all market participants (Schumpeter, 1942). Thiel (2014) presents a different opinion on innovation, arguing that the term monopolization can be viewed from different angles. According to the author, companies with monopolies—for example, Google—can own large assets in one area but do not dominate in other areas (Thiel, 2014). Creative monopolists form the modern market and provide consumers with relevant goods, thereby ensuring a stable demand. It is the concept of Thiel (2014) who insists on supporting such a business approach. About Manjoo’s (2017) description of the Frightful Five, Thiel’s theory (2014) looks more appropriate. Even though both Schumpeter (1942) and Thiel (2014) assess a monopolistic approach to innovation as one aspect of the market, the latter’s work is aimed at encouraging the elimination of competition. Unlike Schumpeter (1942), Thiel (2014) approves of the lack of competition and is not against the domination of some corporations. Manjoo (2017) notes that, despite some controversial approaches to innovation and promotion in the market, the five corporations that he described have almost no analogs in the world in terms of the power of influence they
Fast food businesses managed to survive the global financial crisis that the entire world faced since 2007. However, the fast food businesses too began to suffer the consequences of the crisis. In 2009, some fast food chains closed some of their branches as they posted low sales levels. McDonald’s, Yum Brands, KFC and Pizza Hut all posted decline in sales in 2009. The crisis intensified competition in the fast food industry. Participants in the industry tried to beat competitors through the introduction of new products and prices. McDonald’s is one of the companies that participate in the fast food industry. It faced stiff competition from numerous competitors worldwide. Some of the key competitors include Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), Pizza Hut and Yum Brands. McDonald’s can use product positioning to ensure that it leads in the fast food industry. It can use this strategy to enhance its brand and lead other companies in the industry. This strategy requires that it pays close attention to the needs of the customers (The Times 100 1). This is essential because there is international promotion and export, psychological and sociological issues that can affect the position of a product in a market. This paper examines product-positioning strategies that McDonald’s can use to promote itself and stay ahead of its competitors in the international market. It mainly focuses on India and Africa as segments of the international markets. Additionally, it considers the international markets as areas outside the United States. Background of McDonald’s McDonald’s is a well-known brand internationally. It is a company that has international operations. Two brothers, Dick and Mac, established the company in 1937. In 1948, the company began to sell fries, hamburgers, soft drinks and shakes. In 1953, the company began to franchise the business. The first franchises were in California and Arizona. The brothers adopted a system of operations that was efficient and ensured fast movement of customers. Currently, the company operates approximately 31000 restaurants internationally. Moreover, the company has employed about 1.5 million individuals in its restaurants. The company has operations in more than 120 countries. The advantage that the company has had is that it uses a system that ensures efficiency in operations. The company uses intense media hype to support the efficient process that it adopted. The media hype has been a campaign strategy that the company adopted. Product Positioning Product positioning involves stimulation of a company’s brand and its services. The brand image of a company shows how clients perceive an organization. Companies promote their brands to develop personalities of their organizations. Product positioning and branding are effective only if a company maintains consistency (The Times 100 1). Consistency is important in promotion strategies that a company adopts. Images and colours that a company uses in promotions like adverts provide a brand with distinguishable features. McDonald’s uses the Golden Arches logo to position its products in the fast food industry. McDo
Introduction The term hero is probably one of the most frequently discussed themes in different spheres of life. Are there certain traits that have to be inherent to heroes? Is it necessary to be born a hero? Or is it possible to become a hero with time demonstrating the best qualities and good intentions? When a person starts thinking about heroes, it is better to use one of the most reliable and helpful sources, literature. Each author makes a wonderful attempt to evaluate the peculiarities of a hero and define what can actually make a hero. The works of such authors like Knight, Quinonez, J.H. Franklin, and Thoreau have to be mentioned at first because their ideas are so different and so helpful for those who are still seeking the answer to the question “what is a hero?”. A true hero may be defined by the situations which happen to him and the actions which he prefers to take; there are both dark and light sides of heroism that have to be comprehended, and each side makes its own contribution to the definition of a hero. Discussion Is it possible to present one concrete definition to the word hero ? Hardly! Each person has his/her own understanding of this world and the demands which are expected. Some people believe that virtue is needed for a person to become a hero, and some people still admit that anyone may become a hero just being in the right place at the necessary time. For example, in Bodega Dreams, Ernesto Quinonez introduces a Robin Hood character is the role of a drug dealer as a typical hero who earns money from selling drugs in order to renovate houses and improve the healthcare system (Quinonez 168). Though it is an example of the dark-side heroism, this character is still a hero for those who feel these improvements and get a chance to make their lives better than they are right now. The concept of heroism and its impact may also be defined by the society this hero lives in. One of the most successful examples of how heroism may be accepted by society is described by Etheridge Knight in his poem about Hard Rock, a Black hero. This prisoner is the hero that tries to fight on behalf of the society and introduce a kind of opposition to authority that fails to comprehend everyone who “dreamed of doing but could not brings ourselves to do/ the fears of years, like a biting whip, had cut deep bloody grooves/across our backs” (Knight 183). On the one hand, if society is weak, it is not very difficult to become a hero and introduce the disappointments that may bother. On the other hand, becoming a hero in a weak society may be frustrating because not everyone is able to realize this heroism and accept it on the necessary level. Being a hero may be rather frustrating and difficult for some people, especially in the rest of society, who
The transport industry has been blamed for environmental damages in different parts of the world; Auckland city, New Zealand is suffering from air pollution believed to have been caused by industries, households, and the transport industry (Abhishek & Colls, 2009). The city depends on buses, trains, cars, and ferries for transport within and without the city; however, the modes of transport are not environmentally friendly. This paper analyzes the environmental un-sustainability in Auckland city, New Zealand; it will focus on the transport industry. The un-sustainability problem Buses, trains, cars, and ferries used in the city consume diesel and petrol from fossil fuels, when fossil fuels are burnt emit greenhouse gasses that are hazardous to the life of human beings animals, and plants. Vehicles and the planes used in Auckland city to move from one place to another is major source of pollution. This happens because as we move the motor vehicle produces some smoke that gets into the air and causes a great threat. Motor vehicles produce carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide which are health risks to the people of Auckland city. When carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide get it to the air, it is immiscible and thus one may think that the air is very pure but the fact is that there is a lot of pollution in the air. When the particles get into the atmosphere, they remain there for a long time, when it rains the particles are mixed with water, and what is referred to as acid rainfalls. When the acid rain falls, the entire emission that the motor vehicles had emitted finds its way to the water bodies. The water purity is thus reduced; the purity of water is crucial for the survival of aquatic life (Auckland city Government press, 2011). The economic and living standards of the people is high, any number of people can afford to use private means of transport, the higher the number of private cars, the higher the pollution from the vehicles. When people are using ferries, the ferries leave a trail of pollution on the water bodies especially when fuels used on the ferries leak. Noise pollution is another challenge that is facing Auckland city; the mode of transport produces a noise when moving from one place to another making the city polluted by sounds (Stephenson, 2010). Explain what you believe is the background, and cause of this situation/practice The main cause of the problems facing Auckland city is the relaxation of environmental conservation policies; the government is not keen on the enacted laws and neither are they willing to enact more laws to face the changing needs of the communities. The increased living conditions in the country that is one of the agenda by state and local government is seen to pose some challenges to the city; people are owning personal cars and using them in the town; this has increased pollution in the city (Agarwal, 2009). The role of engineers When planning the city, the services of engineers are called for; when they are planning the city, they should put into consideration the efforts they can take to ensure there is minim
This is the process by which, a company runs its business operations to achieve a positive impact on the community. It can be achieved through contributing to economic development of the local community and the society. Millercoors the second largest beer manufacturer in the U.S has perfected this well. Its portfolio that exhibits vastly complementary brands in just about all major industrial segments can attest to this. It believes in driving a profitable industry growth through brewing quality beer with a community and environmental impact. The company cares about the communities and it has encouraged its customers to do the same. It supports the communities and employees in places that it sells beer (MillerCoors, p. 3). Without great people who brew the beer and great communities to enjoy it the company cannot grow and that is why it has invested in corporate social responsibility. The numerous C