ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
African diaspora resulted due to the mass scattering of people from Africa between the 1500s and 1800s during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. It entailed the involuntary migration of millions of Africans to Europe, the Caribbean, and America. The nations most populated by the African diaspora are Colombia, Brazil, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. [1] They reflect the historical African experiences, struggles, and victories over time. African diasporic population is also vital in studying migration processes, cultural contexts, and subjective aspects of African-decedent’s life situations. The residents use rituals, spirit venerations, storytelling, and resistance mechanisms to memorize slavery experiences. The paper, therefore, discusses the sources relevant to the introduction to the African Diaspora course. Gomez, Michael. Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora . New York City: Cambridge University Press, 2019 Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora elaborates on the fundamental cultural, social, political, and economic issues, which shaped the African diaspora’s experience. The author of the book is Michael Gomez, and he updates the document to encompass recent findings on the African diaspora. [2] He is a professor of History and Middle Eastern Studies at New York University. Gomez focuses on the working classes and increases the manuscript’s temporal boundaries to include the twenty-first-century developments. [3] The intended audience is African-descent people in the Persian Gulf, Europe, North Africa, and Latin America. The document is also relevant for political scientists, sociologists, and anthropologists studying African culture. The book addresses important issues, such as the impact of global trade, slavery, religion, and resistance to modernity challenges. Gomez intends to reveal African descents’ historical experiences, victories, struggles, and mass movements over time. [4] He shows black people’s achievements in theater, sculpture, painting, athletics, dance, and music. Examples of black musical production are blues, jazz, hip-hop, calypso, and reggae. The manuscript focuses on how African political, cultural, and social forms transform and influence Europeans, Asians, and First Nationers. [5] The author uses a diasporic lens to connect spatially separated and culturally distinct people of African ancestry. Onyebadi, Uche, ed. Multidisciplinary Issues Surrounding African Diasporas . Hersey: IGI Global, 2019. African diaspora populations have dual personas as transient members of new nations and affiliates of the ancestral land. Multidisciplinary Issues Surrounding African Diasporas examines epistemological and philosophical aspects of Black people in the US, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Latin America. [6] The author is Uche Onyebadi who is an associate professor at the Texas Christian University. He has a doctoral degree in journalism, and his research interests are international communication, media ethics, and politics. [7] The intended audiences are anthropologists, sociologists, politi
Introduction Conflict management is one of the most difficult and complex issues in the workplace. The example of a small job shop machine tool company vividly portrays that ethical dilemmas and principles are neglected by trade unions in order to sustain their image and policies. In general, the owner of the company should understand that conflict is an affliction common to all of us, however, the ways that people “struggle” with one another are quite diverse. Main body The best solution for the owner is to accept a certain position and examine his own ethical standards. On the one hand, it is important to present financial estimations and financial forecasts which prove his words. This step will help the owner to reduce negative feelings and misunderstanding between the trade union and the company. There is a touch of idealism revealed in our belief that appropriate control over the process of communication may lead to more equitable, humane, and satisfying forms of conflict than are often experienced. Still, the relationship between communication and conflict is not straightforward. Sometimes the ostensibly “best” forms of communication lead to the worst consequences and vice versa (Booth 43). The next step is to communicate with workers. This step will help the owner to create a positive atmosphere and explain the situation to the workers. Policies aimed at achieving a measure of pay fairness are thus shaped in practice through a process of cooperation and conflict between the employing organization and the employees’ representatives. Both sides, though close to the scene, are guided in their dealings by their own beliefs about pay fairness rather than by well-founded factual knowledge about the employees’ pay-fairness notions (Costantino and Merchant 76). These notions, which in principle are supposed to guide the policies aiming at a measure of pay fairness, are in practice largely hidden from their eyes. Illegitimate union activity by an employee meriting discipline might be evidence of an intent to harass the employer as distinguished from
Introduction A market strategy in allows an organization to focus its resources to the most profitable of opportunities with the objective of maintaining and increasing sales and gain a competitive edge as against other similar or alternative competitor organizations. They are therefore a fundamental tool in every organization in as far as achievement of the market objectives is concerned. (Gupta and Lehmann 2005, p70-77) Background The retail establishment specialized on the sale of electronic products majority of which were computers and communication devices such as cell phones. The retail outlet has a turnover of $50000 and has wide and characteristically differentiated market. There are numerous similar stores that sell alternative or similar electronic products and therefore the market environment is highly aggressive and competitive. The establishment has a reliable supply source and is therefore able to cut on warehousing costs that are otherwise incurred by other retailers. It also has a resourceful labor force that is employed on a permanent basis hence reducing the unpredictability of casual and on demand labor. It has also managed to cut on its management overheads by implementing an impress system that has increased the level of accountability and reduced wastage. The establishment has also invested heavily in surveillance technology that has ensured that there is little or no loss from theft of products from the shelves. It has also allowed them to stock high value equipment, which is not available in other retail shops. The retail establishment has also partnered with an advertising company that purchases their p
Introduction The People’s Republic of China initiated far reaching reforms in its external sector in 1978. The country instituted broad based macroeconomic reforms and restricting programs. This has contributed to the rise of its GDP, global share of trade, and investment in the last two decades (Kraay, 2000, pp.545). There has been rise in productivity levels (Lai, 2003, pp. 26). Beginning 2000, China was considered the most attractive investment destination for foreign direct investors (UNCTAD, 2002; UNCTAD, 2004). Modernization in china has not only been enhanced by inflow of foreign direct investment (Das, 2007, pp.285), but also by the domestic private sector (Das, 2001, pp.44). This report will illuminate the attractiveness of China as the potential investment destination for foreign direct investment and a market for manufacture goods. The report will also give a summary of the country considered as the best investment destination, the countries favored for export, the reasons for the choice, and finally why other countries were rejected as places for doing business. A research by A.T. Kearney on FDI confidence positions China as the best country for foreign direct investment (A.T. Kearney, 2010). The report also shows that executives are currently wary of making investments in the country due to the economic climate. The executives were optimistic that the uncertainties that characterized the world economy were to ease come 2011. The uncertainty, the report revealed, made many companies that were interviewed to postpone their investment plans. Other reasons why these companies postponed their investments were due to difficulties associated with accessing credit facilities. China still remains the best investment destination for foreign investors ahead of the US and India (Das, 2006). It has held the position from 2002 (GBPC, 2004). Brazil and Germany complete the five best investment destinations for foreign investors. The report showed the United Kingdom as the most striking exemption because of its reliance on financial services hence its exposure to current world economic down turn. Investors were more optimistic about the future outlook of China. The report shows that the country had a confidence index of 1.93 in the 2010 FDI Confidence Index. Experts have repeatedly predicted the possibility of services and hi-tech sectors seeing the biggest inflows of capital from abroad. China’s dominance as the most attractive investment destination as the world slowly recovers from global economic doldrums was confirmed by both the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and renowned economists. Beijing has continued to push for China’s industrial upgrading and relocation (Siyu, 2010, p.1). Her foreign direct investment inflows to service industry and high technology are expected to remain bulky in the years to come. The director of investment and enterprise division of the UNCTAD opined that China boasts a bright future with regard to attraction of Foreign Direct Investment flows. The ministry of commerce indicated that China’s foreign direct investment jumpe
Description of the program On 31 st May, 2010, also known as the World No Tobacco Day, the Ministry of Health or MOH in Dubai formed an alliance with Dubai Healthcare City or DHCC to launch an important campaign, called the No Tobacco Campaign, in order to stop people from smoking in Dubai. The most important program of this campaign is the Quit and Win campaign, which is a unique idea, launched by the DHCC and is in the form of an open contest (George, 2010). Program goal and objective The goal of the campaign is to provide the smokers in Dubai with an opportunity through which they can quit any form of smoking with the help of numerous support mechanisms. The campaign reaches out to almost every community throughout Dubai and the UAE by the means of their wide range of programs. The campaign aims at helping young and old smokers to completely cease their smoking habits and also tells the non-smokers how to keep away from smoking. This campaign aims at making the participants realize the danger they can be in due to their smoking habits and that over 50% of them can even succumb to numerous diseases if they do not let go of their smoking habits (Snell, 2010). Awareness needs to be raised since now even the young children have started to smoke and their numbers are steadily increasing. The main object of the program is relief of smoking addiction among the people of Dubai or Smoking Cessation. Continuous smoking habits can lead to a number of health related problems among the smokers. Consumption of tobacco in any form has been found to be the major source of premature death and is also responsible for almost fifty thousand deaths a year. Smoking sometimes also leads to lung cancer, which is the 2 nd highest reason for premature deaths in Dubai (Heymann, 2008). Although smoking is completely preventable, its cessation can only be achieved if smokers realize its growing threat and can refrain themselves from becoming a victim to the deadly lure of smoking. It has been projected that almost 20% of males and 3% of females in Dubai are smokers of which 2
Decision-making and problem-solving are two different concepts, but successful problem-solving depends on the quality of the decisions made. As the competition and demand for quality services increase in the nursing field, new challenges emerge, impacting both managers and junior staff. According to Welch (2013), effective decision-making and problem-solving necessitate the adoption of multi-disciplinary approaches and participative leadership style. In the case presented, workload, team communication issues n dissatisfaction are highlighted as the core issues at California Children Services (CCS). These problems can be addressed through a collaborative effort from all stakeholders, including the staff, the administrator, and the public. The first step, in this case, would be gathering a list of complaints and the probable causes from the staff and prioritizing them. The problems facing the CCS have both internal and external dimensions influencing the staff operations. Kossaify et al. (2017) show that organizational problems are best solved through team effort. After prioritizing the problems, I would welcome input from a randomly selected group of employees on their preferred solutions. This step is essential because the employees are in the first line of service delivery, and their satisfaction directly determines the quality of care. To develop viable solutions, I would also invite the public to share their feedback through questionnaires delivered at the CCS and on our website. Involving public opinion is important because, as the direct recipients of our service, their satisfaction is paramount (Welch, 2013). Lastly, I would form a panel of ten people representing the various stakeholder groups and schedule a series of meetings to develop practical solutions to the problems. I would also lead the team to develop a plan for effective communication at the CCS.
Curriculum development is a well structured plan of the subjects to be taught in school and what is being learned by students as is reflected in the courses that are offered for study and the programme in school. This systematic plan is then embedded in an official documentary or put together as a curriculum guide and then disseminated to the interest groups and key stake-holders in the education sector for the purposes of implementation and strict adherence. A curriculum has to be made mandatory and not a choice. The curriculum discussed in this paper is very specific and follows the formula 6-3-3-4.These curriculum has been developed to reflect the changing scenarios in the world today and the dynamics in the job market. Currently the kind of curriculum followed will go along way in determining the quality of workforce being produced and will too affect the economic advancement of a country. A nation build on strong education or school system will be well managed and its base will always be on a sound footing (Hunkins, Ornstein, 2009, pp.6-30). Some countries have very comprehensive curriculum development and education system such as the one used in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries with very high literacy levels in the world today which stands at 62.8%. The percentages of males who are literate stand at 71.5% while that of female stands at 50.2%. The system of segregation in terms of the sexes is followed in Saudi with the education system being divided into three distinct parts which are usually administered separately. Important to note is that both the boys and girls usually do the same exams.The curriculum in Saudi Arabia follows the technical-scientific approach. The distinctions of the education administration include the education specific for boys, for the girls and also the traditional education which is muslim oriented.The curriculum followed in the country constitute 6 years in the primary school with the age of the students being 6-12 years, then intermediate schooling at the age of 12-15 years which takes 3years at most. After the intermediate the student proceeds to secondary school which again takes 3 years at the gae of 15-18years. Students at secondary school level can choose the general school, religious school or the technical secondary. After the secondary school the curriculum of Saudi Arabia stipulates that a student proceeds to for higher education at the university which takes 4 years at the age of above 18years. After the higher education at the university, there is the university –higher education where one can persue masters which takes 2 years, general diploma in the department of education which takes 1 year or do PhD which takes 3 years following a qualification for a masters degree and where one has to present a dissertation which should be based on own and independent work on r
“Long-term care is assistance with any activities of daily living, which can include bathing, dressing, transferring, eating and continence. Long-term care can also include short-term rehabilitation” (All About Long Term Care, “What is Long Term Care?”). Need: LTCI policy is meant for people who can afford continuity in payment of premium without that posing a burden on their finances and draining their retirement savings. Individuals needing long-term care usually fall in the 85+ age band. Experts suggest a minimum cover of three years for men and six years for women (Wolosky, p. 34). Eligibility: The benefits are triggered in case of severe cognitive impairment or inability to perform two or more “activities of daily living”. Coverage: LTCI covers skilled care in nursing, housekeeping at home, any medical care that is approved but not written in the policy. It is now available without age limit, offers unlimited benefits and covers Alzheimer’s as well. The maximum duration of the benefit pay-out is usually 3 to 5 years. The pay-out is made till the insured’s maximum lifetime benefit or till the pool of funds is completely used. Employer’s role: The change in federal policy has shifted responsibility to individuals and their families for their healthcare. Employers now offer group LTC at discounted rates. From 2000 to now, there is a 17% growth rate in employer participation in Group LTC (Hirschman 65). If LTC is purchased under a group plan, it still remains portable since the policy is owned by the employee. Ensuring benefit and avoiding fraud: LTCI policy like any other insurance policy should be carefully read and understood. Agents selling these policies are eager for high commission and often in their greed, tend to explain policy features in an incomplete way which can render the policy meaningless when a claim actually arises. Agents often use scare tactics especially with seniors who are lured to buy LTC Insurance. For example, as explained by Alexander, LTC policies can have severe disability criteria or not provide for inflation and turn useless at the time of claim. Similarly, even if a facility is licensed to provide care but it is not explicitly stated in the policy, one cannot claim coverage. Purchase of long-term care by younger aged individuals: Owing to the expense associated with long-term care and fear that it may cut into retirement savings long term care policies are gaining popularity. Interest in LTCI is compounded by the fact that Medicare or other health insurance products do not provide this benefit. Besides the desire to be independent is another driving force that pushes younger aged individuals to buy LTCI. Experts
With the rise in diversity and the focus on the cross-cultural dialogue as opposed to furthering the colonialist policies of foisting European culture on other communities, the importance of acknowledging cultural values has risen. However, in some cases, due to drastically different perspectives on the ideas of justice, social hierarchy, and the related notions, some cultural values may turn out to be in partial or complete disagreement with the UN Declaration of Human Rights. Although acknowledging the rights of racial and ethnic minorities for self-actualization and the development of a cultural identity must be respected, the essential principles of human rights as stated in the UN Declaration must be adhered to in order to retain fairness and humanity in addressing people’s needs. The current UN principles of human rights have been built based on the existing experience of supporting and protecting vulnerable minority groups., which is why they must be adhered to at all costs. Using the standards of the “universal and inalienable; indivisible; interdependent and interrelated” as its core values, the UN has established its human rights standards as the essential principles of fairness that allow every voice to be heard (United Nations Population Fund, 2005). At the same time, in case of discrepancies between the perception of human rights as they are seen by the UN and how they are perceived by members of a specific culture, the opportunity for the latter to represent their point of view should be provided. Nevertheless, the UN has come a long way in ensuring that the needs of all population groups, including those of ethnic or cultural minorities, are fully met. The universality of the rights in question allows applying them to every population type, ethnic group, or a specific individual, which suggests that the UN standards for human rights should remain the main arbiter in the situations suggesting a conflict of needs. However, there are instances when the traditions and values established in specific cultures clash violently with the modern perception of human rights. The specified discrepancy becomes particularly apparent when the health, life, or dignity of an individual is at stake in the debate regarding the choice of cultural values over UN standards. For example, the tradition of performing a female genital mutilation (FGM) on girls has been rightfully defined by the UN as a barbaric practice and overwhelmingly condemned as illegal, which is an entirely rightful and reasonable position (Nabaneh & Muula, 2019). In the described case, the regulations of the UN override cultural values and traditions. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the UN to contribute to the fight against FGM and the related cultural traditions that are f