ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Mubadala Investment Company is the UAE’s largest investment holding company operating as a sovereign wealth fund. It comprises of several state-owned enterprises, such as the Advanced Technology Investment Company (ATIC), Advanced Microdevices (AMD), and the International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) (US-UAE Business Council, 2017). The merger between the former and the latter occurred in January 2017, when the company became a public joint-stock company (PJSC), adopting the new name of Mubadala (US-UAE Business Council, 2017). The company is wholly owned by the government of Abu Dhabi and responds to the UAE’s overarching authority. Although both ATIC and IPIC were created and operated under the Abu Dhabi government, they were fully independent organizations dedicated to different aspects of investments. The merger meant to unite their financial and operational capacity in order to compete in international markets. However, such a move presented a myriad of issues related to change management. The entire structure of the company had to be reinvented to encompass new employees, transform the decision-making apparatus, and enhance the capacity of the organization to handle larger amounts of finances necessary to operate in the investment markets outside of Abu Dhabi and the UAE. Change management is a complex process that involves theoretical and practical expertise. An HR manager has to understand the routines and the underlying issues in the context of a large merger such as the one between APIC and Mubadala. A successful resolution to change can make the company stronger and more resilient in the long-term perspective. The purpose of this report is to identify the major changes for Mubadala Investment Company, highlight the purposes of these changes in relation to the significance of the problem, and propose a model for organizational change along with recommendations. Identification of Change Existing Situation Before the merger occurred, the companies operated independently, while a joint committee was established with the purpose of creating a plan for merging and the corresponding changes that were to take place. Presently, both APIC and Mubadala have their separate command and control structures (US-UAE Business Council, 2017). This means there are two directorial boards, two middle manager cores, and two sets of employees, each focused on their respective duties. The organizations, despite being owned by the same entity, do not maintain a connection and information exchange. A customer seeking investments in technology is not directed from APIC to Mubadala, just as one seeking to operate in oil exchanges is not referred by Mubadala to APIC in return. Likewise, a client wishing to deal in petroleum and technology at the same time will have to separately address both companies. This creates a discrepancy, which leads to a loss of money and business opportunities since many international players would rather deal with entities that provide the whole package. Another issue that arises from separation is a diff
Edgar Allan Poe was a significant figure in American literature who formulated the literary theory of horror and established short stories as a genre. Then existing conditions of the publishing industry irritated Poe so that he criticized his colleagues. During his life, he struggled with poverty, death, and lack of appreciation since he decided to pursue a career as a writer; even his renowned poem “The Raven” did not provide sufficient profit. Edgar Allan Poe (Primary Sources) are drawn from his letters and writings of the American journal’s editors and represent three episodes:   * Thoughts on the death of his wife and future independent career.   * Critique of Mr. Longfellow and the American writing sphere.   * Three reviews of Poe’s poem “The Raven.” Edgar Allan Poe: The Death of Virginia (1848) Six years ago, a wife [Virginia Clemm], whom I loved as no man ever loved before, ruptured a blood-vessel in singing [became deceased with tuberculosis]. Her life was despaired of. I took leave of her forever & underwent all the agonies of her death. She recovered partially, and I again hoped. At the end of a year the vessel broke again — I went through precisely the same scene. Again in about a year afterward…. Each time I felt all the agonies of her death — and at each accession of the disorder I loved her more dearly & clung to her life with more desperate pertinacity. But I am constitutionally sensitive — nervous in a very unusual degree. I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity. During these fits of absolute unconsciousness I drank, God only knows how often or how much…. I had indeed, nearly abandoned all hope of a permanent cure when I found one in the death of my wife [in 1847]. This I can & do endure as becomes a man — it was the horrible never-ending oscillation between hope & despair which I could not longer have endured without the total loss of reason. In the death of what was my life, then, I receive a new but — oh God! how melancholy an existence. Poe, E. A. (2009). E. A. Poe to G. W. Eveleth (1848). Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. Web. Edgar Allan Poe: Plans of Careeer (1848) I am resolved to be my own publisher. To be controlled is to be ruined. My ambition is great. If I succeed, I put myself (within 2 years) in possession of a fortune & infinitely more. My plan is to go through the South & West & endeavor to interest my friends so as to commence with a list of at least 500 subscribers. With this list I can take the matter into my own hands. There are some few of my friends who have sufficient confidence in me to advance their subscriptions — but at all events succeed I will. Poe, E. A. (2009). E. A. Poe to G. W. Eveleth (1848). Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. Web. Edgar Allan Poe: On Plagiarism of Mr. Longfellow (1845) It is universally, in private conversation — out of the knot of rogues and madmen aforesaid — admitted that the poetical claims of Mr. Longfellow [a poet and professor of Harvard] have been vastly
Abstract Male circumcision is a term used to refer to the process of cutting and removing the foreskin found at the front of the male reproductive organ exposing the gland penis. In some parts of the world, the practice is done as passage of rite. However, in certain communities female circumcision is performed to ensure that they reduce their sexual activity and preserve the virginity of girls until marriage. Male circumcision has numerous benefits ranging from hygiene and improved sexual satisfaction. Research has also proven that male circumcision minimizes the chances of contracting HIV/AIDS and other STIs by half. 1 This essay focuses on study that was done by and UNDP and WHO in South Africa and Uganda with an aim to promote male circumcision on the notion that it was an effective way to reduce the chances of contracting any sexually transmitted diseases. Importance of the study The study on the effect of male circumcision to reduce the chances of contracting HIV-1 virus among the heterosexual segment of the population was very important. 2 The following points will support the benefits of this issue: It was necessary to educate people about the benefits attached to male circumcision, aimed at ensuring that people make informed decisions on the matter concerning male circumcision. This study provided those who were undertaking it with very important information necessary for designing the project. Such information includes individuals’ opinion to male circumcision and its effects in reducing one’s vulnerability to infection with HIV-1. 3 Its aim was to establish the information gaps that needed to be addressed before embarking on the full version of the project. In this sense, it laid down the facts that were relevant to the objectives of the project. Key outcomes There were major outcomes in this study that include: The sero-negative individuals accepted to take part in the circumcision process, mainly prompted by the acceptance of the fact that it would reduce the possibility HIV infection by half. However, those already infected were against the male circumcision, because they believed that undergoing circumcision would not reduce their chances of being infected with the virus. 4 Another outcome was the highest number of people who turned up and accepted to undergo circumcision from the tribes that did practice circumcision. The Muslims had the lowest number of participants who went for circumcision because almost all Muslims circumcised their males. A great number of women were for the idea of their husbands to be circumcised. 5 Data The authors could not use the data collected to make a justified conclusion. This was due to the reason that some details were not verified and some crucial steps of the study were skipped. The sample size was not representative to enable the researchers to collect adequate data for the study. It is likely that the information collected was not objective because the subjects of the
Introduction International investment pays huge and essential dividends for the country’s financial system and its workers. This happens through the escalation of exports, enhancing productivity, generating new employment opportunities, and increasing wages. The protection of international investments and the relevant shareholders is crucial for the realization of an enabling environment for the investment (BEA, 2012). The protection is also crucial for ensuring that American investors are treated in line with the investment regulations in foreign markets. International investments are normally relevant when the country maximizes the benefits of working in a foreign marketplace (USTR, 2012). International investment entails both the American companies and the workers in foreign countries. This paper discusses how the United States (U.S) undertakes international investment (BEA, 2012). Organizational History International investment is not a recent trend; it stretches back into the past beyond Phoenicians. Companies have operated across borders throughout the documented civilization. The U.S has also interacted with other countries through international investment for many years (Vandevelde, 2005). However, the U.S international investment took shape in the 1950s and 1960s through starting with big companies. The companies undertook interrelated manufacturing and sales functions in many parts of the world including European and Asian countries among others. The U.S has normally recorded an increasing flow in international investment since then surpassing her national economic expansion (Lipsey, Schimberni, and Lindsay, 1998). The emergence of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) has significantly liberalized international investment (Vandevelde, 2005). Organizational Current Situation Notably, America’s international investment position corresponds to the amassed U.S.-held resources abroad calculated annually at the closure of the calendar year. The international investments include trading in the areas of goods and services such as asset income, government, and monetary flows. The investments also include international assets and direct investment by U.S multinational companies (Jackson, 2012). The international investment position (IIP) provides a comprehensive overview of the summary of the accumulated stocks abroad held by the U.S operatives. The assets normally include official stocks belonging to the government, official reserve assets, direct investment assets, and portfolio investment reserves (Jackson, 2012). The international investments include Trans – boundary exports and imports of undisclosed services and on services provided by multinational companies largely owned by U.S. citizens and their foreign counterparts. The American Trans – boundary exports and imports entail business deals between America and citizens of foreign countrie
Executive Summary Dubai Coffee Experts is a new food outlet that will start its operations on January 1, 2016. This business plan identifies the marketing strategies that will help the firm achieve success. The plan also gives the financial estimates at various stages of operation. Introduction Dubai is one of the leading tourist’s destinations in the world today. The city has experienced massive development in the recent past due to the effort put in place by the government and private investors. After conducting a comprehensive market research, it was noted that most of the tourists, especially those from Western countries, struggle to get quality coffee that meets their standards. Some of them even consider preparing their own coffee in their rooms because they consider those offered in most of the hotels to be below their expectations. The market research revealed that there was a gap in the Dubai coffee market. That is why it was decided that it is appropriate to start a coffee shop in Dubai. The coffee shop will be located within the city centers where many tourists and other visitors coming to Dubai frequent. The Dubai Coffee Experts is the proposed name of the coffee shop. The coffee shop will operate throughout the day and night in order to maximize profits and minimize expenses. This will be made possible by the fact that Dubai has become a 24-hour economy city with a lot of business activities going on even at night. Objectives It is important to define the objectives given that the decision has been made about starting a coffee shop in the city of Dubai. The following are the objectives that should be achieved once the Dubai Coffee Experts start their operations.   * To maintain high quality coffee production that meets the international standards   * To be the preferred coffee shop for the local and international clients in Dubai   * To expand the operations to the regional markets, especially into the regional cities such as Abu Dhabi, Riyadh and Mecca.   * To maintain a pool of talented employees who will help the firm move to the next level. Detailed Analysis of the Project Sales objectives According to Nash (2000), one of the most reliable metrics used to determine the performance of a firm is its sales volume. High sales volume is considered an indication of progress in the market penetration. It is a sign that a firm has understood the market needs and is offering products that meet these needs in a perfect way. When Dubai Coffee Experts start the operations, the primary objective will be to achieve average sales of $ 950,000 within the first one year. T
Introduction Back in 1973, the country was hit by oil crisis that left all individuals in a quagmire. This was a wake up call for various stakeholders to take necessary action that amounted to imposing National Maximum Speed Limit, down sizing automobile categories and enacting National Energy Acts among other (Juhasz 237). However, it is still evidence that more needs to be done to help arrest the problems of energy in the country. This is because the need for energy not only in the country but globally is growing exponentially calling for a review of the policies in place as well as coming with new ones. Considering the current trend on energy consumption especially from oil, there is need to conserve it or else we risk coming to a stand still in terms of economic growth due to lack of energy. Needs section As suggested by Juhasz 42 tremendous increase in human population has an automatic effect on increased amount of energy need. A larger population will need energy for lighting their houses, during construction of new buildings, a larger amount of energy is consumed, and there is increased need for transport among others. All these put pressure on the available energy resources. Unfortunately the problem facing BP since last year has made it a challenge for oil products to be available (Brune 207). The environment has been negatively impacted as a result of the oil spill forcing the company into legal suits where they have parted with lots of money that could have been used to better oil conservation, processing and storage. Political instability in a number of OPEC countries has negatively impacted on availability of oil forcing prices to sky rocket due to short supply. For instance countries such as Egypt and Libya have experienced political instability which has seen to it that oil supply has declined. There are studies that have shown that there is a decline in oil reserves. The amount of oil resources underground has been deemed to decline at an alarming rate and in the near future, there will be no more underground reservoirs of oil. It is no doubt that this has been influenced by the raising demand of the energy source (Brune 37). Another area of concern when it comes to oil conservation is the manner with which the rich in the society have absolute control on the resource. In the major countries that are top suppliers of the product, there are a few rich individuals who dictate how the product is to be priced, supplied, transported among other attributes. This negatively influences impact on the consumers. Lastly, oil as a source of energy compared to other sources is heavily depended on. This kind of over-reliance is a threat to it being available in the future (Madison par. 4). Policy section Having in mind that the demand for energy will continue growing; to help propel the growth of the economy there is need to come up with steps that will help conserve oil. One major way to do this is to solicit for alternative sources of energy. Despite the fact that 80.0% of transport and industrial sector depend on oil, having in place other sources of energy especially from bio
All musical genres are the results of the synthetic process of other styles. Jazz is a musical style formed in the USA at the beginning of the 20s century. This style covers the combinability of polyrhythms and involves improvisation. It is the embodiment of Western music together with the techniques of Afro-American rhythms and theory. This style began to function as the music of African slaves and it gained recognition and popularity only in the 1940s. It refers to the classical sound presentation where improvisation is considered to be the main characteristic. In the 1960s this style faced some difficulties and its significance had dropped. All the jazz players suffered strong criticism on the part of the masses. Jazz was considered to be devoid of the ability to cooperate with the public and involve the majority of the listeners. The features of neoclassicism had been characteristic of the jazz style since the late 1970s. This period in the development of the musical style contained the combinability of improvisation together with mentality; neoclassicists mixed standard jazz music with classical fusion. In the 1940s the pop character of jazz was changed to more challenging and “musician”. Such music performers as Thelonious Monk, Clifford Brown, and Wardell Gray tried to represent a more abstract form of jazz involving chord-based improvisation. Their works can help the contemporary generation to understand the history of jazz and of course the music itself. The character preserved in these musical masterpieces reflects the atmosphere of that time allowing us to understand a lot from the history and cultural import to the art. One of the most outstanding musicians of that period in jazz history is Wynton Marsalis who is considered to be a famous composer and a jazz trumpeter. His agenda was to show music characters combining discipline, a great improvisation, and some compositional form. His project Blue Interlude seemed to change the state and vision of that contemporary jazz music. His conservative views were completely reflected in his style. The attention was more devoted to the composer rather than to the soloist. The basic and most important principle of his jazz band was democracy. His music was represented all over the world and he was the author of the special jazz program performed at Lincoln center with symphony orchestra and choir. The saturation of this program was of great importance for the sphere of art and education. It was presented on the international level and was mostly directed to educational activities and art development. As a result of this program, jazz was recognized as a world form of art and Lincoln center as an institution of culture. The richness of the program helped to recognize this style of music as an individual independent prestige style. Together with the trend of neoclassicists jazz has been widening its possibilities and becomes more organized. It has its history and provided with the development of completely new jazz directions such as Afro-Cuban or Brazilian. Of course, all of them cannot exist wi
Contracts are agreements between two (or more) parties, accepted voluntarily and leading to legal consequences if the prescribed conditions are not met. Usually, they “help to solve some of the basic challenges of cooperation for humans”[1]. Contracts are always made when there is a benefit for one of the parties while fixing the other party’s losses. A contract cannot be entered into by force, with the threat of blackmail or persuasion, and persons must be of sound mind when entering into a contract, wherever it is signed[2]. In the event of a breach of contract, the parties are subject to legal protection, and their case is subject to review. Contract law enforces such promises and may differ from state to state. Consideration and mutual agreement are considered the main elements of the contract. Consideration implies the presence of favor or action by one person that he or she can exchange for a reward from another person. If both persons entering into the contract consider their benefits to be sufficient, the contract successfully enters into force. Usually, contracts are supported by two theories, the first of which relates to benefits-costs. Contracts are made when both parties may suffer losses but decide to help each other on favorable terms. Simplifying, this model can be described as ‘one performs an action, and the other will respond positively, although he or she may harm.’ The second theory relates to a bargain, transaction, and exchange. In this exchange, one person makes a promise to another after he has been induced to make this promise. Most often, contracts are considered by private law, which can prevail over the norms established, in general, in the states and over statutory law. Private law does not emphasize the signing of papers and the evidence of professional persons (auditors, notaries). Private la
Through the analysis of the character traits of the main character of any work, one can see the display of the attitude towards people, to the character as a person and build a picture of the world of the work. The use of psychological measurements for this process is especially important for drawing up a complete and detailed picture. For this study, the hero Patrick Randle of Ken Kesey’s widely known and profound work One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest was chosen. This protagonist was chosen because he is a fascinating object for analysis since his character and personality as a whole differs from the generally accepted concept of the normal. First, it is necessary to determine the setting in which the character of the work’s central character develops. Therefore, the main action takes place in a psychiatric hospital, in which the protagonist was placed from prison (Muncan & Mainescu, 2017). However, later, the reader understands that all the people present there do not have any severe psychological abnormalities. Most of them were placed there because of their inability to properly and fully interact with society. Thus, the main task of a ps