ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Zara is one of the companies owned by the Inditex Group, a large apparel retailer working worldwide. Zara is based in Arteixo (A Coruña) in Galicia, Spain, where the first Zara store was opened in 1975 (Wang, 2018). The company is associated with fast fashion and produces clothing, accessories, shoes, swimwear, and perfumes. It is believed that Zara has managed to launch around 10,000 new designs each year with only two weeks to develop a new product on average (Wang, 2018). Although this strategy helped to expand the company worldwide and make it a leader on the global market, it is important to continue developing new growth strategies as well as analyzing all opportunities and areas to work on. SWOT Analysis and Intensive Strategies for Zara SWOT Analysis Being the flagship company of the Inditex Group, Zara understands customer’s needs and desires. The Inditex Group has a vertical integration business model, which is a primary strength (Aftab et al., 2018). The production and distribution are fulfilled by the group subsidiaries, which helps reduce time to market and gives control over the whole process (Aftab et al., 2018). The innovative analysis of the best-selling products is one of the main strengths of the company (Wang, 2018). Thus, Zara is also able to adapt to the customer’s wishes extremely fast and change the company’s offer. Target prices are affordable and usually are 15% lower than Zara’s competitors’ offer (Aftab et al., 2018). Due to vertical integration, it is easier for Zara to control the production cost so that the target pri
Introduction The process of state-building relies on many factors like politics, social dynamics, and cultural development. The history of Africans includes all of them mixed in various patterns. Some countries were created by the indigenous population, while others developed as a result of repatriation. One part of them was centrally governed, and the rest were ruled by community effort. This paper reviews the origins of several African states that appeared centuries ago. Repatriation In the late XVIII century, the status of Blacks in the Western world began to change. This was a direct result of the American War for Independence, which had engaged many of them. For instance, the British government liberated former slaves who used to fight on its side (Harris 103). This led to the appearance of a rather large population of free Blacks in London. Some of them found jobs in England, but the majority could not find any decent work. The situation became suitable for implementing the idea of resettling Blacks in Africa. In 1787, more than four hundred people left Britain to create a state of Sierra Leone, which became the first application of repatriation practice (Harris 104). The start was difficult, as settlers suffered from diseases, lack of money and supplies, and attacks from the indigenous population. The distinguishing feature of Sierra Leone was that its people, coming from the Western world, recognized the value of education (Harris 105). It became the place for the first college in Africa, where people could receive a degree. As newcomers mixed with the locals, the Krio group emerged, which was successful at first as its members occupied administrative positions (Harris 107). The situation changed after the British intervention, which imposed a colonial rule in Sierra Leone. Liberia became another state created as a result of repatriation. It was founded in 1816 by Blacks that used to reside in the United States (Harris 109). The White American population supported the process, fearing the possibility of revolts. The first group that reached Liberia suffered from the same issues as people in Sierra Leone. However, the distinguishing feature of this state became the attempt of its administration to use all the benefits of mixing American and African culture. Unlike Blacks in Sierra Leone, who never truly experienced life in England, Liberians were former U.S. residents who carried Western culture. Local Politics The indigenous population of Africa a
The organization under analysis is a sporting goods store Sporty & Trendy that is a small family business with many loyal customers. The motto repeatedly used in the store is “we will help you be sporty and trendy.” Hence, the strategic mission can be defined as meeting customers’ needs and going beyond. The owner of the store often tries to help his customers to choose the most appropriate item after a discussion of their needs and wants. A customer-oriented approach is the utilized strategy that has proved to be effective. Based on the information mentioned above, it is possible to identify the company’s competitive priorities. First, it is noteworthy that sporting goods are quite popular due to modern people’s focus on healthy lifestyles and wellness. The media promulgate this way of life making sporting goods popular. However, this business is rather competitive since many stores and online retailers offer sporting items. Large retailers can offer high-quality goods at lower prices as well as attract customers with a wide range of products. The competitive priorities of Sporty & Trendy include customer-centered service, special offers, fashion trends, and community impact. The analysis of order qualifiers and winners can be instrumental in identifying the effectiveness of the chosen strategy. Order qualifiers are services and goods regarded as essentials by customers and offered by the vast majority of organizations operating in a certain business (Collier & Evans, 2016). Order winners are goods and services that are unique to a particular organization. The company’s order qualifiers are sporting goods, friendly assistants, delivery service, and gift cards. The store also offers some unique goods and services such as local entrepreneurs’ products and gifts to loyal customers. The owner of the store emphasizes that being trendy requires paying attention to details, so local producers’ items are regarded as trendy touches every sporty person needs. These are mainly wristbands, bracelets, belts, bags, and similar items. All customers are informed about the producer of each piece and their stories. The owner of the store pays special attention to their contribution to the community. Besides, each year, loyal customers receive some gifts that are chosen according to their interests. The major competitive advantage of the organ
Nature is an attribute that a person is born with whereas nurture is the influence of environment where a person lives. When a child is born, he has neither ideas nor likings, but as he grows up, he begins to develop personal traits. Nature and nurture has big effect on humans because they control their development because nature is hereditary and nurture is environmental. This paper focuses on nature-nurture controversy. According to Wood et al (2010), nature determines our characters and looks because these traits rely on the notion of inborn biology. Many people believe that as a child grows, he obtains either good or bad traits from the parents, but this may be due to the inherited genes in a family. Although newborns do not have personality traits, he later inherits them as he grows. The baby’s traits are most likely influenced by biology rather than acquiring them from other siblings. Nature is a genetic gift that provides us with physical characteristics such as body structure and hair or eye color. Nature does not decide on the kind of emotions a human is likely to experience through the development process. In general, genes give a person characteristics and attributes, but the environment or nurture determines whether these traits are inherited. Similarly, nurture is the cause of our behaviors and attributes. Although the genes gives humans a personality, the environment to which they live in has the influence to alter these traits into opposite. The way children grow up and in a certain environment
Sharing governance is a term that can be observed in various spheres of life, but most often this phenomenon can be met in business. For instance, different people can own shares of one company, and derived from the value of every share, the power of every stakeholder – which is his ability to influence the company’s life and make decisions – is defined. The scheme is pretty simple and familiar to everyone. However, lately the tendency of sharing governance has been observed in such sphere as higher education. This means that a certain higher educational establishment, such as a college or a University, is governed not only by its provost and administration, but also by the board of trustees, defined by the government. Such scheme has its advantages and drawbacks, which are being discussed by many specialists nowadays. Marvin Lazerson in his article “Who Owns Higher Education” mentions the two contrasting points of view on the matter. Some are completely against the intrusion of the board of trustees in the life of educational establishments. Such point of view can be explained by the abrupt and unexpected cut of financing, which always affects the quality of educational process. In addition, the critics of this scheme insist that the shared governance can never go along with the traditional values of educational establishments, which are not related anyhow to politics or economy (Lazerson, 1). Another perception of shared governance is rather positive. The representatives of this position state that trustees can often be more effective than the higher education administrators, as far as the latter have little power in supporting a certain establishment financially, managing the educational process during economic crisis, or making the college or University politically correct (Lazerson, 1). What is more, when a power is given to a trustee, it can be rather beneficial for an establishment, as a person who works in government can attract more attention to the University, as it was pointed out by Christakis in the article “Gubernatorial Authority and Influence on Higher Education” (Christakis, 115). After comparison of the two positions, a question arises: which of them is right? Marvin Lazerson, an author of the mentioned extensive and informative article, a man who has worked in one of the Universities for many years and therefore knows the system inside out, states that the both positions are right (Lazerson, 2). The higher education administrators indeed failed to cope with numerous financial aspects that occur constantly in any establishment. However, at the same time, Lazerson states that their position has become even worse with the pressure of trustees (Lazerson, 5). For instance, the author names various forms of negative impact of the trustees’ activity on higher education. They include:   * The increasing power of inves
I have avoided using personalized suggestions on services like Spotify for a long time. My experience with one of the early services called Pandora created an impression that no algorithm can decipher what I actually want to hear at any given moment. However, I was extremely impressed by the suggestions given to me by the Spotify service. I am specifically talking about the daily and weekly mixes that are based on the music selected by the user. The modern music industry is extremely diverse, and in theory, almost any kind of music may be found, but it is often hard to describe the kind of music a person likes. I was searching for bands similar to the shoegaze group “Forth Wanderers” that only has two albums but also a very specific sound that is hard to describe (“Forth Wanderers”). Surprisingly, Spotify was able to suggest more than one band that shared the qualities that I enjoyed in those songs. There would be no other way for me to find those bands and I am glad Spotify did the job. It is unfortunate that they play such a low amount to the artists because I would support the service more (Sears). It is possible that categories based on the mood or energy of the song can provide better suggestions than those based on genres. Two bands of one genre can have a completely different appeal from each other, and the mood of the songs may differ too. However, I have rarely had luck finding music I truly enjoy when listening to such playlists. I found that they are most effective as background music rather than active listening. Therefore they have a purpose, but I do not think they should replace standard genres. Suggestions provided by music services have improved tremendously in recent years. With their help, I was able to find a lot of new music. However, mood-based playlists have proven to be less effective. Works Cited “Forth Wanderers.” Bandcamp , 2017. Web. Sears, Glen. “ How Much Does The Average Artist Earn Per Play On Spotify? .” Forbes , 2016. Web.
Introduction A system in the U. S. called Uniform Crime Reports compiles crime data collected from different cities, counties, and states. There are two categories of criminal offence: violent offense if it involves murder, robbery or forcible rape or property offense if it involves burglary or theft (Press, 2008). The Federal Bureau of Investigation receives the crime statistics from UCR monthly and publishes it every year. The law enforcement agencies collect reports from police who discover the crimes. The public also informs the police of crimes in their areas. Crime in the United States has decreased greatly over the years because of improved living standards and most citizens are above the poverty line. Burglary is entry into a structure or another person’s dwelling without permission with an aim of committing a crime. The unlawful attempt to get into th
Introduction The United Arab Emirates is a hub for exporting oil and its products to most countries in the world. In addition, countries in this region have invested heavily in air transport and this has earned it a strong reputation in the international market. Therefore, investors in this region work hard to ensure that their businesses control significant portions of the local and international market by developing advertisement strategies that will make them look better than their competitors (Al Shoush 2009). This has necessitated the need for this region to establish regulations that will guide businesses, media houses, and individuals to ensure their advertisements do not violate the rights of individuals, communities, or competitors. This research paper presents how the United Arab Emirates regulates advertisement activities. Definition An advertisement is a message produced to persuade or convince consumers to buy a product or service (Singh 2008). Some advertisements are produced to correct misconceptions about a product or service while others inform the public about new goods in the market. Regulations are rules established to ensure there is order and people follow specified ways of doing things to eliminate conflicts in society (Al Asfahani 2008). The United Arab Emirates amended its Media Regulation Act in 2009 to ensure consumers, producers, and media houses understand each other. Therefore, local and foreign investors in this region must ensure they understand the following advertisement regulations to avoid conflicts with law reinforcement agencies. Objectives of Advertisement The United Arab Emirates is developing just like other regions in the world; therefore, investors must look for better ways of promoting their businesses to ensure they make good sales by trouncing their competitors. The goal of an advertisement is to persuade people that a product or service offered by a company is better than that of its competitors. However, there is the need to ensure that advertisements are objective and do not promote unethical behavior in businesses (Al Shoush 2009). The new United Arab Emirates’ Advertising Standards of 2009 intend to ensure that all advertisements are objective and follow the following regulations. Advertisements should instill respect for the local cultural, social, and religious values that are dominant in the United Arab Emirates (Singh 2008). Islam is the predominant re
Introduction Claims management refers to the process of recognizing, evaluating, and responding to requests for compensation. Expertise in insurance legislation, investigative, fraud prevention is required to handle payment claims. Since it is a critical business procedure; clients expect superior and faster services. Companies that are sparing with this technique risk losing clients and reputations over time. Insurance companies are expected to resolve claims quickly and effectively. Reducing the time taken to pay insurance claims is a good method of reducing customer unhappiness and improving service delivery. Higher levels of client satisfaction can provide a firm with a competitive advantage. Thus, claims management is seen as a vital approach for improving the image of the insurance industry. The chargemaster is responsible for making sure that hospitals get paid for the services they deliver. Chargemasters are documents that list the costs of treatments, drugs, and equipment. In the current hard economic environment, chargemaster management tools go beyond established coding standards to identify additional revenue streams. The foundation of this type of revenue inflow for hospitals is a trustworthy and updated chargemaster. An inadequate chargemaster might result in revenue loss, legal liabilities, and even annoying and exorbitant prices for patients (Vial, 2019). In addition, the financial status of an enterprise is determined by the level of chargemaster maintenance. The Best Practices One great strategy is the formulation of a long-term strategic budget for the chargemaster. This budget ought to be drafted to cover more than the incoming program. Given the variety of alternatives, it’s crucial to keep in mind that a more or less thorough program comes with compromises. Pricing data analytics can also be built into a process, reducing consulting project timeframes, and more thorough systems can generate financial gains while avoiding fines. Adjustments to the chargemaster system have a positive influence on employee training costs. Moreover, additional savings are realized if the software is robust. Another strategy is to put in place controls to monitor that the proposed process changes stay in place. A reliable process must be established to assist enforcement activities. It is important for the organization to prioritize staff training and skills development. This is because an empowered skilled workforce is by far the most important partner in any organization during process management. Make processes for coding integrity, charge entry, targeted audits, as well as other sorts of monitoring. The development and implementation of procedures for the chargemaster management are also strategic (Kongstvedt, 2020). On a specific instance basis, analyze and verify the data. This can be made to consist of chargemaster listings split down by agency, regular charge-posting audits, monthly income and expenditure financial reports. Why They Should Be Included in the Chargemaster Maintenance Process Maintaining the chargemaster entails creating new charge entries every month, tracking operational costs, adding reference papers, as well as
Summary The case study presents a 2005 article by Roberto and Levesque entitled “The art of making change initiative to stick.” According to the authors, managers of different organizations are always coming up with strategic initiatives to improve the performance of their organizations. However, most of the time, these initiatives do not produce long-lasting impacts. Therefore, for a change initiative to have long-term effects on the organization, it must be well planned. As the authors argue, the institutionalization of change initiatives involves four processes viz. chartering, mobilizing, aligning, and learning. How the organization will carry out these four stages will determine the success of the change initiatives. The chartering process will involve defining the scope of the changes and the role played by individuals in the organization. The learning process is where managers gather information to test what can work and what cannot work. Mobilization underscores the process of resource marshaling to enable the accomplishment of the set goals and objectives. Finally, the realigning process is where job and other performance metrics are changed. All these stages underscore the process of institutionalization and if followed correctly, success is almost guaranteed. Key Learning Points In this article, Roberto and Levesque emphasize that the planning process is very important before undertaking any major changes in the organization. Managers and all the other stakeholders who are involved in strategic change initiatives need to plan the whole process before any implementation starts to ensure that these changes have long-term impacts on the organization and not simply temporary results such as short-term performance improvement. The four critical processes that are needed before implementation are well presented in this article. Any successful change initiatives require managers to gather all the necessary information to help in testing the processes that are viable and those that are not viable. All those who are taking part in the changes also need to be well prepared and informed. Resources mobilization and realignment also play a crucial role in the success of the initiatives. Critical Analysis This article presents a very good analysis and description of how organizations and more so managers can prepare before undertaking strategic change initiatives. It i
The author is trying to use action research to critically analyze the conditions for developing sustainable as well as scalable health information systems in third world countries alongside the scalability as well as sustainability of the action research process itself. The author acknowledges that providing health services to individuals in deprived situations particularly in developing countries is a complex task. In his thoughts supported by previous research studies, he asserts that improved health information systems can significantly lead to curbing the complex health delivery issues. Through the world health organization, the vision aimed at providing health for all by the beginning of the millennium through decentralization of management of health issues has not yet been achieved (Braa, 2004). The reason according to the researcher rests on unsuccessful efforts to utilize health information systems in developing countries. This brings two main problems that he sought to research; challenge in making HIS work (sustainability) as well as the challenge of making HIS to spread to other site (scalability). Context Establishing sustainability and how an initiative can spread successfully is of significance in health information system. Considering that third world countries have encountered a myriad of problems regarding healthcare provision, it would be rational to evaluate the challenges facing HIS and its sustainability and scalability. It has been shown that successful HIS has the potential of saving lives of those who are poor and are entangled in poverty by providing them with proper health care services. It is in this context that the researcher has embarked on studying and exploring health information system programs that were ongoing by the time he was doing the research. The countries of interest were South Africa, Ethiopia, Mozambique, China, Nigeria, Tanzania, India, Cuba, Malawi and Mongolia. Additionally the researcher engaged in tracing the evolution of HISP since 1994-2004. Action research approach used It is worth noting that after reviewing the various possible research approaches, the author of the article decided to utilize action research approach developed by Baskerville & Wood-Harper, 1998. This approached included the following sections discussing primary goals, structure, and process and researcher involvement. According to the model developers, action research process is iterative, reflective and linear. Literature review It is in the literature review where the researcher engages in reviewing works of other scholars related to his study. The a