ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Qatar has for many years been an absolute monarchy, however, the political system of the country was changed into a constitutional monarchy in 2003 due to the desire to improve upon the present day system (Yom and Gause 75). What must be understood is that as Qatar enters into the 21 st century, the state has determined that changes need to be implemented in order to ensure the continued existence of the state. It is with this in mind that Qatar has begun a campaign centered on utilizing soft power strategies in order to develop better relations not only with other states but with people and organizations as well. This is done to “build up” the country so to speak from an economical and sociological point of view. The case of Qatar is unique in that while its per capita income is among the highest in the world ($93,000 on average with a GDP of $200 billion ++), the fact remains that its industrial capacity is quite low. Simply put, nearly 85% percent of its economy is dependent on oil wealth which is a finite resource. It is with this in mind that in order to ensure the continued survival of the state, steps must be taken to address this dependence in the foreseeable future. Since Qatar is neither economically powerful nor is it population “rich” so to speak, this leaves it with the option of utilizing alternative methods of developing its regional and global profile. One way in which it has decided to do so has been through the utilizatio
Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies supply and demand with regard factors that determine the prices and output of various products. It studies how businesses determine the prices of products and the quantity of products to supply in the market. Supply and demand determine the pricing of products by businesses. High demand and low supply lead to high prices and vice versa. The article “Hong Kong Baby Formula Smugglers Drain Milk Supply, City Takes Action as Citizens Appeal to U.S. for Help” discusses a situation that occurred in Hong Kong in 2013 that affected the supply, demand, and price of baby milk formulas. The article was written by Grace Li and appeared on the Huffington Post newspaper. The article discusses the effect of certain policies in China on the demand, supply, and prices of baby milk formulas in Hong Kong. According to Li, the government of Hong Kong had reduced the size of luggage that an individual could carry on a train from 32 to 23 kilograms (Li, 2013). This measure aimed to curb baby milk smuggling from Hong Kong to China. A commuter could only carry two cans of milk from Hong Kong to China by train (Li, 2013). Demand for Hong Kong baby milk increased after scandals hit the milk market in China. In 2008, a baby milk formula known as melamine milk powder attracted widespread criticism due to low quality. More than 300,000 Chinese babies fell sick after consuming the milk (Li, 2013). According to Li (2013), this incident led to a surge in demand for baby milk from Hong Kong because of its high quality. Chinese civilians flocked Hong Kong to buy baby milk. This caused a rise in demand for baby milk and a subsequent rise in price. Baby milk supply was low because demand was very high. An analyst at China Market Research Group argued that consumers flocked Hong Kong because they did not trust Chinese milk products (Li, 2013). On the other hand, Chinese had high import taxes that made business difficult. Therefore, residents travelled to Hong Kong, bought baby milk tax free, and transported it to China where they sold it at high prices (Li, 2013). Smuggling of baby milk into China caused shortage that led to high prevalence of malnutrition among babies in Hong Kong. The people of Hong Kong sought help from the president of the United States because their government had failed to resolve the issue. The situation was made worse by the varied ideologies of China and Hong Kong. The communist ideologies of China did not match the Capitalist ideologies of Hong Kong. This led to differences in policies. For instance, China had stringent import tax policies while Hong Kong had flexible tax policies that lured Chinese civilians. The author demonstrates the effects of the shortage on the price of milk. A brand of baby milk that cost $33.52 in Honk Kong went for $4
Introduction It should be noted that although the necessity of the code might be questioned, as the legal framework might do the job in setting the standards, it should be stated that the code is not considered obsolete in today’s society, being almost 95 years old. The code is constantly refined to meet the increased demands, but nevertheless staying to the true nature of the ethical guidelines initially established. The fact that the code is voluntary, and at sections surpasses the legal framework in terms of defining responsibility outlines that the profession “chosen to take on a degree of service above and beyond [civil engineers’] legal responsibility” (Groden 75). Main body The characterization of civil engineers in 2025 outlines that engineers will be all-around “master builders” taking the responsibility for the environment, innovation, integration, risk management and leading the shaping the public policy. In that regard, the ethics in the established vision can be seen to be concerned with many aspects of civil engineering in 2025. In terms of knowledge, the ethical aspects should include the acknowledgement of such basic of ethical conduct as client confidentiality, anti-corruption, comprehension of the differences between the legal requirements and ethical expectations, and profession’s responsibility. In terms of attitudes, the ethical aspect includes commitment the established ethical conduct as well as to the goals, both individual and organizational. As a way of achieving such vision, specifically in terms of ethics, it can be stated that the guidelines established an educational direction in that matter. The guidelines outlines that the aspect of ethics should be devoted greater training and education, where engineers should serve as role models (ASCE “The Vision for Civil Engineering in 2025” 25). In that regard, it can be seen that the vision in showing the significance of ethics, goes beyond simple ethical decisions between engineers and customers to include the engineering practice in general and on a global scale. It can be seen that despite the fact that the code of ethics established by ASCE dives into the specifics, which might cover various ethical and moral situation, the ethical conduct outlined in the Vision for Civil Engineer of 2025 can be translated as an essential part of the engineering practice, rather than a guideline. In that regard, such phrase as high ethical standards of practice covers many behavioral practices, which accordingly can be integrated into areas of knowledge and competence. It can be said that the moral basis of engineering practices can be disrupted by s
Introduction The human resource field has taken a strong stand in the global competition for prominence and performance. (Bartholomew et al 2000, p 86-321).This paper interrogates the relevance or otherwise of various information units that are produced by the mixed method approach stating the case for the prominence of the approach in the contemporary human resource pretext. It will go further to try the propositions of the approach through a proposed research on the impact of organisational retrenchment strategies on job satisfaction in a case study from the Uganda public service.The volatile nature of the environment makes human resource management a key determinant of the success of the organization. (Bassanini and Duval 2006). In the prospect of providing a solution this paper underscores the analytical options available to managers in need of information. It provides a manual or employers who need to adopt a retrenchment strategy as part of a downsizing method of their staff. Th
Introduction The influence of American cultures on other countries is notable globally. The Scandinavian culture remains one of the observable traditions that have harbored significant manipulations from prevalent global cultures. Renowned academicians as well as writers have noted these influences and presented them within their literary works. Mikael Niemi and Erlend Loe are such authors that present the notable ways through which young Americans have influenced the Scandinavian culture. Generally, these two novels appear to be a presentation of fictional imaginations about the lives of two young Americans and how they relate with the society as well as people around them. They are both fictions that tend to give a comic and humorous depiction of the lifestyles of two young personalities. This paper thus compares and contrasts the diverse ways through which the young Americans have influenced the Scandinavian culture. Contrasts and Comparisons Foremost, a critical analysis of the two novels presents the atmosphere of humor as well as comic relief. The authors appear humorous in their artistic work. The description of the Scandinavian culture assumes a comic presentation with both young main characters taking the enter focus. It is observable that the “popular music from Vittula” gives a presentation of a typical village as well as native Swedish cultural practices. On the other hand, Erlen Loe’s Naïve Super, presents a modern metropolitan atmosphere of New York that includes a multicultural state of affairs. In particular, the cultural interactions within the two settings presented in the two novels are multi-dimensional. In Vittula specifically, the yo
Abstract This study uses a quantitative survey technique, and summarized data collected is used to correlate results with listening skills as its fundamental principle (Punch, 1998). A survey was sent out on the Internet and yielded results from various gender, socioeconomic backgrounds and education levels. Communication issues have been maintained by employing a number of methods. Pain faces scale training of participants and research assistants and maintaining good relationships with participants are used in our recruitment to further develop partnership between the study population and researchers and to maintain feedback. Each step undertaken to gather and analyze data, validate findings and present research outcomes in which comprehensive and accessible findings will be used to facilitative growth and continued development. The purpose of this research is to develop a better understanding of listening skills and how better listening skills well as ability to recognize nonverbal expressions will assist the healthcare industry and its consumers. Introduction The merriam-webster dictionary defines pain as “suffering or distress of body or mind”. It is argued that effective communication between healthcare provider and patient is an important element in improving treatment compliance. Holmes et al, (2007) on the other hand provides that pain interferes with person’s ability to communicate by altering normal patterns of verbal and nonverbal communication. Listening skills is something that has been emphasized in the medical field for years. Professors in medical schools have been attempting to teach their students to be better listeners to their patients (Holmes at al , 2007). As we seek to integrate effective communication skills in healthcare, the best question, and yet difficult to ask, is: does listening skills, as well as purposeful nonverbal communication, while being applied, more likely to improve the relationship between healthcare providers and patients? Listening skills is something that has been emphasized in the medical field for around 2,500 years and the problem of communication challenges often leading to misdiagnosis has always been an issue. Frischenschlager and Pucher (2002) argue that describing pain to a physician falls solely on the patient. And in most cases, physicians often lack the skills to read patient’s nonverbal signs or even interpret the slang they use. Therefore communication problems between providers and patients remain to be a major problem in the healthcare professional. The provider-patient as demonstrated by the pain scale (figure 1-Appendix) illustrates their interrelationships. The research conducted sought to answer the question, “Can pain faces be distinguished from other emotional expressions?” Literature reviews on the ability to reco
In the story called Women on the Margins , the recognized author Davis explores the three lives of seventeenth century women. The first – Glikl bas Judah Leib – was Jewish woman that took an active role of a wife, mother, and businesswoman. Her story reflects many joys and hardships she experienced. Apart from these accounts, she also expressed her viewpoints. The second woman – Marie Guyart was a Catholic and left her autobiography about her life in the New World upon her son’s request. Finally, Maria Sibylla Merian, a radical Protestant sect supporter and a German artist provided images of insect metamorphoses. At a glance, these women do not have much in common. However, the author focuses on the very idea of their marginality which makes these females significant in political and social history. Specifically, Davis reveals the way their lives are influenced by religious expectations of the seventeenth century’s society. Emergent forms of Catholic, Jewish, and Protestant spirituality hampers their extraordinary desire to fulfill themselves and spell out their actual needs. Constant searching within the constraints of traditional female cycle in Modern Europe can be studied on the example of these three women. Within the social stereotypes and expectations in the seventeenth century, all the women followed their cycles. Hence, Glikl, a German Jewish woman was an active wife and mother. Her early marriage does not prevent her from quickly becoming independent and wealthy (Davis 18). She had eight children which, according to her opinion and overall expectations, should marry successfully. She also carried business with her husband because she wanted to stay afloat. So, her unions with her first and second husbands were a kind of mercenary marriages. Marie de l’Incarnation was a Christian woman who also married a Christian man (Davis 115). Therefore, she never abandoned religious boundaries because of adherence to strict principle of religious morale. Finally, Maria Sybilla Marian was among the woman who managed to put all stere
Red Rooster is an Australian fast-food restaurant chain that specializes in roast chicken. It was founded in 1972, and by 2012, had over 360 stores across Australia. Since 2011, the company has been operating through franchises, and since 2018, rumors have been spreading of the company being on the verge of bankruptcy due to several franchisees having closed down their businesses (Chung 2018). A number of factors are thought to cause the company’s decline that can be connected to the failures in its brand value chain. The brand value chain is a structured approach to assessing the sources and outcomes of brand equity and the manner by which marketing activities create brand value. The first stage of the brand value chain is marketing product investment. The identified Red Rooster’s mistakes on this stage are primarily connected with its policy towards franchisees. The company has been reported by critics to assume a “poor business model,” forcing franchisees to buy products from suppliers at prices higher than charged by a supermarket (Daily Mail Australia 2019). The reward system and the customer loyalty program were designed poorly and introduced without warning or cost-benefit analysis, making the average store lose over $25,000 (Daily Mail Australia 2019). The company was accused of unfair business practices, and a number of franchisees dropped out and closed their stores, causing a fall in the company’s sales. In terms of customer mindset, which is the second stage of the brand value chain, Red Rooster has maintained a consistent image throughout its history. Since 2011, it started to promote its restaurants as “healthy, fresh, and quick,” and in 2014, a new brand positioning and an image upgrade centered around the slogan “Tender Loving Chicken” was launched. However, one of the reasons behind the company’s decline was reported to be connected with its brand image. According to Queensland University of Technology retail expert Dr. Gary Mortimer, the company’s problem is that it focuses only on chicken (Carey 2019). He claims that it “makes it difficult for the company to respond quickly to new consumer food trends like vegetarianism and veganism, healthy eating, and better quality fast casual gourmet options” (Carey 2019). For decades, the brand has been associated in the minds of consumers with unhealthy food and has not been taking sufficient efforts to change it. The third stage of the brand value chain is brand performance that defines how customers react to the brand and is measured in its market share, sales, sales growth, and market penetration. The indicators have dropped in recent years due to the conversion of
The research circle is a concept that throws on the main stages of an empirical study. In particular, one should speak about such tasks theorizing, formulation of a hypothesis, collection and analysis of data in order to test the hypothesis, and generalization of results. This paper will examine the research carried out by Lawrence Sherman and Richard Berk (1984) with the help of the research circle. Overall, the scholars do not complete the fourth stage, namely the generalization of findings; however, they produce valuable results that may have significant practical implications. The study is aimed at examining various strategies that can minimize the risk of domestic violence. It can be described as a descriptive study that should illustrate common certain social or behavioral trends; nevertheless the scholars do not generalize their findings. The experiment conducted by the authors throws light on the three stages of the research circle. At first, it is important to mention the use of the so-called deterrence theory according to which punishment decreases recidivism. Secondly, this theoretical framework gives rise to a hypothesis according to which arrest can reduce the risk of recidivism of domestic violence among men who abused their wives or children (Sherman & Berk, 1984). This is the main assumption that had to be tested. It should be noted that the efficiency of this method was compared to other interventions, namely the separation of spouses and counseling (Sherman & Berk, 1984). Later, researchers proceeded to the collection and analysis of data that could refute or support their hypothesis. In particular, they conducted
Over the recent years, social entrepreneurship has gained popularity, as new opportunities emerge in the changing societal trends. According to Bornstein (21), many organizations and individuals’ perceptions on socially-oriented ventures are changing significantly, as the need for social facilities increase with regard to the increasing globalization. Organizations are currently organizing for awards and other attractive awards for successful entrepreneurs who venture into the social sector to resolve eminent problems facing the society or a section of the society. For instance, Manhattan Institute Award (MIA) is one of the recently established organizations which awards social entrepreneurs who establish new ventures to solve various pressing problems among the people. As revealed by Trevis and Toyah (2), social entrepreneurship is currently taking a new form, where unique ventures are being established with regard to the changing needs of the contemporary global society. This paper will discuss the major key issues emerging in the social entrepreneurship with respect to the changing societal needs and preferences. As revealed by Trevis and Toyah (2), social entrepreneurship is expanding vastly both in the academic and business sectors. With the increasing globalization across nations, the need for increased literacy among the people has been increasing significantly. Particularly, many social organizations are being established to offer educational opportunities to the poor and orphaned children with an aim of developing literate future generations. For instance, in the year 2008, Fast Company was acknowledged Better World Books and Organization due to its efforts to address global illiteracies by giving book donations among schools in less developed countries. As reported by Bornstein (25), the framework of contemporary social entrepreneurship is largely embedded on the emerging global problems and calamities, with respect to the increasing globalization among nations. With the changing climatic conditions, there has been rising need for social entrepreneurship to integrate some elements of business. Since natural resources are declining significantly, most of the innovations in the business sector are seeking sustainability and efficiency in resources usage. On this basis, environmental management has become a very important area of consideration among businesses to facilitate sustainability in their production processes. As it revealed by Trevis and Toyah (4), dematerialization and value chain management are becoming the core areas of consideration among contemporary organizations in the social sector. For instan