ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The song “Man in Black” was written by Johnny Cash, an American songwriter and the most significant musician of the twentieth century. Though his songs were performed in such genres as rock and roll, folk and blues, primarily, he was considered a country music singer. Johnny Cash was also known as “man in black” owing to the way he behaved and the way he dressed. Throughout his career and life, he was revealed as a rather contradictory person. He recorded many humorous and railroad songs such as “One Piece at a Time ” and “Rock Island Line”. However, the most part of his songs were dedicated to themes of sorrow, redemption, and moral grief. While listening to his songs, one can describe the musician as a deeply religious person and as a social protestor (Edwards, unpaged). The song “Man in Black” also refers to the period. Recorded in 1971, the song discloses Cash’s redemption and justifies his iconic garb (Cash, 3). From the first lines, we can observe the singers’ outright protest against the social inequality that existed in the world. So, the first reason he wears the black clothes is brightly illustrated in the second verse: I wear the black for the poor and the beaten down Livin’ in the hopeless, hungry side of town I wear it for the prisoner is long paid for his crime But is there because he’s a victim of the times (Cash, unpaged) Johnny Cash always cared about those who were deprived of the luxuries of life and until it existed, he was restless. Moreover, his had deep faith in God and the Kingdom of Heaven propelled to pray for the others in order to be forgiven for his own sins: I wear the black for those who never read Or listened to the words that Jesus said Ab
Introduction Incidences of disasters in organisations have tremendously increased across the world. Thus, risks, which compromise organisations’ financial position, are becoming part of business (Raghavan 2005). In fact, organisations do not have control over their internal and external business environments (Smith 2003, p.27; Smith & Elliot 2006). The biggest challenge for an organisation operating in a disaster-prone business environment is the development of mechanisms of predicting risks and ways of protecting their brands from collapsing in the event of organisational crisis (Grundy & Moxon 2013, p.57). Solutions to these challenges are important in ensuring continuity of an organisation upon the occurrence of crisis. Organisations experience disasters, which pose risks to their normal operation. While planning for possible risks that are associated with human error is one of the strategies that organisations consider through their risk mitigation programmes, natural disasters strike unexpectedly, thus causing immense loss to an organisation. Nevertheless, during crisis, the business of an organisation must continue (Hiles 2011). This need has given rise to concerns of business continuity management as an emerging professional activity for managers, and hence an important area of academic research (Borodzicz 2008; Seymour & Moore 2000). The aim of business continuity management involves developing both theoretical and practical paradigms for mitigating emergencies, catastrophes, and crises. This paper discusses how organisations handle crisis management and crisis communication efforts with reference to British Airways (BA) plc. The focus is on how the company handled the Icelandic volcanic Eyjafjallajökull eruption crisis to enhance business continuity during the crisis. Background to British Airways (BA) British Airways dominates the United Kingdom airline industry. It is a foremost flag haulier in terms of task force and global businesses. Measuring a company’s operations from the context of passengers’ carriage capacity, BA ranks second after easyJet plc. The company is headquartered at waterside next to Heathrow airport. The inauguration for the BA headquarters took place in 1998 (Duffy, 1999). Designed by Norwegian architect, the headquarter building can house 2,800 people. The company operates three core centres, namely London metropolitan, Heathrow, and Gatwick. BA offers airline services in over 160 destinations in seven continents. The main operation base for BA is in Heathrow, despite having major operations at Gatwick. The London city airport operations are mainly dominated by BA city Flyer, which is a subsidiary of British Airways plc. BA also operates flights from Manchester airport. However, due to the r
Now all the roles of health care providers may be subdivided into two broad categories. They are direct care providers and indirect care providers. Apart from certain similarities that are adherent to both categories, there is a difference between the specific core competencies that depend upon the specialization of a medical specialist. There exist several regulatory documents, approved by different nursing associations, which define the level of competency of medical care providers. As it has been said, it is possible to distinguish between direct and indirect health care roles. The direct health care providers are nurse educators and advanced practice registered nurses. Nurse administrators and nurse informaticists belong to the second category. “Nursing Informatics is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice” (Troseth,2012, p.9). The scope of activity of the health care specialists of this field is very broad. They are involved in a numerous range of various official duties. Nurse informaticists play a significant role in medical education, workflow analysis, and emerging technologies. Apart from this, they lend support to patients and other health care providers. This support is realized with the help of different information technologies and information structures. Regardless o
Introduction Creating Shared Value is an article written by Michael R. Porter and Mark R. Kramer in 2011. It introduced the concept of “shared value” as a link between a corporation’s business strategy and social responsibility. This is demonstrated through numerous examples of major companies such as Google, Nestle, Wal-Mart, and others, who put investments into the local communities in hopes of generating greater revenue. The purpose of the article is to influence businesses and corporations, big or small, to invest in the local communities and aim for the long-term profits rather than outsource production to low-wage countries in hopes of generating short-term revenue. While the article proposes an interesting version of capitalism, it presents the shared value model as a panacea for the businesses, the government, and the society, with little to no analysis dedicated to the downsides of the system. The purpose of this review is to evaluate how well the article achieves its goal, what lessons it intends to teach, and what are its strengths and shortcomings. Background Information The article was published in 2011, after a series of major economic crises that happened around the world during 2008-2010. The authors, as two leading experts of the Harvard University and Harvard Business Academy, sought to provide an alternate route for capitalism, which is, allegedly, “under siege.” The article itself expands on the idea of “shared value,” which was first mentioned in Harvard Business Review in 2006. In the wake of rising social challenges, the authors stay firm in their conviction that capitalism and competitiveness are the ultimate models that would lead the world out of recession, provided they follow the model they offer. The evaluation of the article will be based on three criteria, which are:   * How well the article achieves its goal.   * What ideas does the article try to promote?   * Strengths and weaknesses of the article.   * Personal experiences related to the subject. Summary The article starts with a rather dramatic line, declaring that “capitalism is under siege.” The first part of the text is dedicated to how businesses are being blamed for society’s problems. The authors admit that the corporations are not blameless, as they operate using outdated schemes and perspectives on value creation. In this part of the text, Porter and Kramer introduce the term “shared value” as the result of companies recognizing the societal needs of the local communities. Creating shared value means that the companies are doing something that is beneficial to the community not because it is charitable or “right,” but because such actions would bring profit in the long-term. The first part of the article denounces globalization of the economy and outsourcing industry to third-world countries, stating that investing in local communities would be more beneficial in the long run. The ultimate goal of shared value companies is the transition into a for-profit/non-profit organization – a self-sustainable business that benefits those around them. The second part of the article addresses the redefining of the value chain. Here, Porter and Kramer outl
Introduction In the modern context of a rapidly growing amount of information, the term Big Data was originally used as the opposite to conventional information storage (Provost and Fawcett 55). Various contemporary information carriers serve as a means to contain necessary data, and for the ordinary pieces of information, they are of a sufficient size. However, the Big Data refers to the information of such size that cannot be stored or used via traditional means. It is also important to note that storing such information is crucial for the management of a particular company. In other words, if data is collected on separate carriers, it is impossible to operate it, neither can one analyze or evaluate it quickly enough. For that reason, the Big Data manifests itself in the framework that is entirely different from traditional data storage, analysis, and maintenance. The Big Data: methods of collection and developments The Big Data is a way of storing and operating large sets of information. In a broader sense, “data science is a set of fundamental principles that support and guide the principled extraction of information and knowledge from data” (Provost and Fawcett 56).The Big Data functions within the complex systems, it strongly influenced scientific research in various disciplines because of its complexity and possibilities. With the ability to analyze the Big Data, there is no more need to restructure complex information and compare the data obtained from a number of different sources of such information, but only to concentrate on the integrated complex system of Big Data. Moreover, the data exchange between two complex systems facilitated various kinds of interdisciplinary research, especially in the fields of linguistics, computer science, etc. It can be used in any field that requires operations with the big data sets, including the fact that there is a possibility of utilizing the Big Data techniques for the purposes of resolving various political and governmental issues. It is important to mention that the Big Data can be collected by using a number of means and techniques, depending on the field of knowledge. However, the primary requirements for the data sets to be rendered as the Big Data is that it cannot be calculated or perceive by the regular means. In such a way, the large sets of data that constitute the Big Data are collected empirically, with consideration for the further analysis. In the framework of the Big Data, the variations and other structural elements in the data sets manifest its complexity. Therefore, it is collected and calculated by using various testing algorithms that define the disposition and character of the data collected in an empirical way. Additionally, it is important to remember that the Big Data does not restrict itself to “data-mining algorithms” (Provost and Fawcett 55). Moreover, claims that “successful data scientists must be able to view business problems from a data perspective, and there is a fundamental structure to data-analytic thinking, and basic principles that should be understood” (Provost and Fawcett 55). In such a way, although the data-related science is attractive
Nursing is currently facing a wide range of challenges, which require breakthroughs in order to prevent them. The first major issue is an ever-aging population, where the proportion of elderly adults is increasing. This means that the healthcare sector will be overwhelmed by patients suffering from age-related health diseases. A potential solution for such a demographic shift is to expand the elderly care sector, where specialized healthcare professionals will serve the given age group. The second challenge is the increase in chronic disease occurrence rate, where more people have diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. It is stated that the root cause of these problems is inflammation, which also contributes to the development of cancer and cardiovascular diseases (Thoudam et al., 2016). The latter two are the main causes of death across the globe, which means that strong measures need to be undertaken. The inflammation issue can be resolved by either convincing the population to lead a healthier lifestyle or designing anti-inflammatory drugs. I believe that these two issues will manifest themselves in a healthcare crisis because the industry might not be fully prepared for the waves of elderly and chromatically ill patients. Therefore, a potential nurse needs to be highly educated and properly trained in order to ensure the efficiency of care. I am certain that my personal nursing legacy will be built on making the handling process of these challenges easier. I will need to further my education in order to understand the underlying factors of health problems of old age or inflammation. There needs to be a change in perspective regarding these challenges because they are not mainly curable. One cannot stop the aging process or eliminate a metabolic disease. Therefore, a nursing approach needs to shift from “care to cure” to “care to sustain”. Reference Thoudam, T., Jeon, J. H., Ha, C. M., & Lee, I. K. (2016). Role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane in inflammation-mediated metabolic diseases. Mediators of Inflammation , 1-18.
Abstract The present has discussed virtual machines in IT contexts, their benefits, as well as their drawbacks or limitations. Drawing from the discussion, it is concluded that virtue machines provide immense benefits to firms in the IT industry, though more work needs to be done to ensure the security and reliability of these machines. Although the concept of virtue machines first came into the limelight during the 1960s when technology firms led by IBM attempted to create a system that could avail concurrent and interactive access to a mainframe computer, its development has been lukewarm until some few years ago when the inherent benefits of the concept became more pronounced (Ali & Meghanathan, 2011). Today, the interest in virtue machines has grown tremendously as firms in the information technology (IT) come to terms with the unending possibilities presented by the concept. The present paper discusses virtual machines in IT contexts, their benefits, as well as their drawbacks or limitations. A virtual machine has been described in the literature as an efficient and isolated imitation of an actual machine (Bradbury, 2008), or a replica of the original physical machine which provides users with numerous computing possibilities that appear to be running directly on the physical computer (Kotsovinos, 2011). Virtue machines are divided into two main categories (system and process) based on their utilization and level of correspondence to any physical machine, with available literature demonstrating that a system virtual machine avails a complete system platform which sustains the execution of a complete operating system, while a process virtual machine is designed to run a single system and hence can only support a single process (Pearce, Zeadally, & Hunt, 2013). Some of the important virtualization tools used to run virtue machines in contemporary times include Virtue Network User Mode Linux (VNUML), VMware Server, Virtual Box, Qemu, and Xen. While VNUML enables multiple Linux-based operating systems (guests) to be run as applications within the normal Linux system (host), hence providing users with the capacity to run and manage multiple virtual Linux machines on a single piece of hardware, VMware allows a physical computer to host several virtual machines with different operating systems. Additionally, while the Virtual Box tool deploys virtual machines destined to desktop computers and enterprise servers, Qemu manages and executes virtual machines under Linux or Windows (Ali & Meghanathan, 2011). In terms of benefits, available literature demonstrates that “virtualization is often touted as the solution to many challenging problems, from resource underutilization to data-center optimization and carbon emission reduction” (Kotsovinos, 2011, p. 61). Additionally, virtu
Richard Cory is the work of Edwin Arlington Robinson. It is a poem with four stanzas; with each stanza having four lines. Three of the four stanzas have a rhyme scheme that takes the pattern a, b, a, b. The other stanza, which is the second stanza has uniform rhyme with each line in the stanza ending in the letter “d”. This gives the stanza the scheme of a, a, a, an as its rhyme. The effect of this well-structured rhyme on the tone of the poem is evident upon recitation as it gives it a musical sound. It also offers a complimentary flow that supports the events in the poem that begin with a clear description of Richard’s good disposition and end with his suicide. What is this poem about? Richard Cory is about a man whose manners are impeccable. He is separate from the rest of society. This is shown by the way the rest watch him as he passes by. They pay close attention to his outstanding dresses as well as his manner of speech. He is calm and greets them with respect and grace. In the last stanza, a big irony is presented when the persona tells us that Richard has taken his life. The question that comes up here is: Why should a gentleman such as Richard take his life? The effect of irony that Robinson achieves in this poem is outstanding. It is not expected that a man of Richard’s standing will commit suicide. Perhaps this serves to remind us of the complexities of life in society. How I Met My Husband is the work of Alice Munro. The story appeared in Munro’s work entitled Something I have Been Meaning to Tell You. Edie, the teenage girl employed as a domestic servant for the Peebles family is the one telling the story. It is in the first person, an attribute that gives it a great sense of realism. The focus is on the way to access happiness. The images of women waiting for letters by their mailboxes and a pilot landing a plane across the street represent the illusion of good life ahead. But Edie realizes that she has nothing to look forward to and if it is happiness, the chance at hand is the best. Ethics is the most famous work of Linda Pastan. She was born in New York and spent a great length of her quiet life trying to explore the meaning of ethics in the face of rampant injustice and disregard for human life. In Ethics, a teacher is said to have presented students with a question on what to salvage between a Rembrandt painting and an old woman with a few days to live. This dilemma presents a classic case of the battle between the clamor for material things and the protection of human life. Oedipus the King is the work of Sophocles, the renowned Greek playwright. In this work, Oedipus realizes that he is the one who killed his father, King Laius, and married Jocasta, who happens to be the dead king’s wife and Oedipus’ mother. The discovery is too much for Jocasta; so she ends up taking her life. Oedipus takes his life too. The overriding idea here is the inescapable nature of fate in that Oedipus was cursed and not even the action of discarding him would help. In “Theme for English B” by Langston Hughes, we are given the tension that exists in American society at the time when the poem was written. The r
The purpose of Fournier’s article is to assess how a brand in the consumer products category exhibits the relational phenomenon since there have been several empirical studies carried out on the subject. The author of the article is in favor of there being the relationship theory in the consumer brand domain so that validity of the relationship is proven. The object of the study was, hence, to establish that the brand was a core partner in the consumer products relationship. However, empirical backing is required so as to justify this theory about consumer brand relationship phenomenon. The author also went forth to bring out the kinds of relationships that exist in consumer brand partnerships, and to characterize and explain them for easier understanding. The study was needed because the marketing field had gone through a stage in which brands had lost meaning and importance and a solid conceptual foundation was needed so as to enable the development of brand relationship theory. It is also important to recognize that the author used three case studies so as to provide data for the study. Also used was literature that evaluated the impact and characteristics of person-to-person relationships. According to the author, past studies had revealed that there was over emphasis on loyalty as the main relationship concept, and this had led brand relationship research to halt. This highlighted the need for greater knowledge to be developed on other forms of relationships that constituted consumer brand partnerships. Thus, the hypothesis of the author was that there had been indeed a valid relationship between consumers and the brands which could be expressed using conceptual terms since brands were feasible relationship partners that were proven through experience (Fournier 344). From the findings of the study, it emerges that the concept of brand relationship quality is significant when evaluating the strength of the consumer brand relationship. Brand relationship quality is a tool that adequately aids at the conceptualization process of consumer brand relationship strength. The author went further to explain how relationship strength could be conceptualized through the use of an indicator which would bring out quality and depth. The study revealed that the behaviors of brands and those of consumers were related because of the relationship that existed between the two factors. The quality of brand relationship was found to be dependent on love/passion, self connection, commitment, interdependence, intimacy, and brand partner quality (Fournier 366). These, in turn, had an effect on the stability of the relationship since they brought about accommodation, tolerance/forgiveness, biased partner perceptions, devaluation of alternatives, and attribution biases (366). The limitations of the study were that the study urged future researchers to further the development of theory on brand relationship, yet that, in itself, was not an assurance that the field would actually be pursued. The study lays