ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What Is the Near-Term Future (Next Five Years) of Egypt? Nowadays, the world has become a witness of how one nation could change the current state of affairs and promote a revolution using information and communication technologies. Egypt is the country that has undergone considerable political changes during the last five years, and it is hard to predict what is waiting for it in the nearest five years for sure because the intentions and the actual abilities of the citizens could be hardly understood and analyzed. Still, the evaluation of the current financial reports (“Trading Economics: Egypt” par.1) and the observations of the current achievements that are defined as the means to survive (Banks par. 4) help to realize that Egypt may see the significant changes in the nearest future and become closer to its true goal that is to become a truly democratic country. There are many predictions that the current military activities, mass protests, and the change of the political forces can influence the development of the country considerably. It could become free in its intentions to develop international relations with several countries worldwide. A referendum could be organized based on a new con
Literature review The issue of the subject-verb agreement is quite meaningful for the linguistic society of present days, the difficulties learners of the English language experience in this field are quite common and frequent, this is why this problem has been explored and highlighted by many scholars all over the world. This problem has several layers and can be researched from different points of view. Subject-verb agreement difficulties have attracted the attention of many outstanding linguists, who study the most significant errors the students make in this area and work on the solution to simplify the procedure of teaching the theory and practice of the agreement. The problems related to the subject-verb agreement have been examined by many educators and researchers. For example, one can mention the study carried out by Siti Stapa and Mohd Izahar (2010). In particular, these scholars focus on the errors made by Malaysian ESL learners. Their research indicates that these errors occur primarily due to linguistic differences. One should mention that in some languages, there are no forms that can distinguish the singular and plural forms of the verb. For example, one can speak about such a language as Bahasa Malaysia. Thus, these people can use the singular form of the verb, instead of the plural form. For example, they can utter the following phrase, “Now, people are not looking for an appropriate job but a stable one” (Stapa & Izahar, 2000, p. 67). These mistakes can significantly impair their written and oral communication. Thus, it is critical to consider the differences between the two languages. Additionally, there are many students who speak non-standard dialects of the English language, such as Ebonics (Baxter, 2007, p. 149). Such learners perceive themselves as native speakers; nevertheless, they can also violate the rules of subject-verb agreement. Therefore, their academic writing style can be significantly impaired. Such people need to do remedial exercises to overcome this difficulty. This is one of the points that can be made. Apart from that, the researcher notes that the errors related to the subject-verb agreement can arise due to some language impairments. For instance, the study by Judith Rispens and Pieter Been (2007) suggest that these errors can occur due to dyslexia (301). These problems should be mitigated during childhood or adolescence; otherwise, these deficiencies can result in significant challenges for learners in the future, especially when they may study in colleges or universities. Therefore, the needs of such students should also be taken into consideration by educators. In turn, much attention is paid to the development of instructional methods that can help students avoid making mistakes. In particular, the article written by Gang Ping argues that learners should see that subject can take a variety of forms. By providing these examples, a teacher can demonstrate complex situations that can give rise to mistakes. For example, one can speak about the use of quantifiers such “a third of,” “the majorit
Introduction The “Once and Future King” written by T. H. White is considered to be a perfect reflection of the historical events disclosing legends of previous generations. This book should be regarded as a national treasure reminding us peculiarities of ancient times and the heroic victories of former kings. I have selected this book for an outside reading because I consider it to be quite emotional and deeply involving. This piece of work is generally recognized as a real masterpiece of the literature world. It tells a lot about the history of previous generations and underlines the main features of ancient times. Frankly speaking, this work is very thought-provoking and emotional. It is not easy to understand the deepest sense and character of the author’s feelings reflected in the book. The brief basic plot of the novel The book “Once and Future King” requires attentive reading and deep understanding. Young people who are eager to feel the character of that time can learn a lot from this piece of writing. It is important to stress that the author wanted to create a masterpiece for future generations in order not only to enjoy reading but study history transferring the readers to the world of kings and queens. It should be mentioned that the book under analysis is considered to be a tragedy. Originally it was called “the Death of Arthur” because it reflects the heroic but tragic destiny of the powerful king. The strength of the book lies in its historical value and teaching character. It allows comparing and contrasting different epochs and generations; to understand the strong character of those who lived in ancient times. (Montgomery, 2003) To tell the truth this book is quite complex but it should be compulsory read by any student to become wiser and more experience. It cannot leave anyone being indifferent because its emotionality makes the reader be part of the whole epoch; a student reading the book will get new skills and experience of being part of the history. The reader will dive into the depth of heroic actions of king Arthur and will be able to understand
The industrialization process falls under the second half of the nineteenth century, during which the American economy and society underwent significant changes. Urbanization, the emergence of new businesses, and new technologies, as well as the development of capitalism, were among the leading changes that occurred to American workers. In the articles presented by DiLorenzo, Dubofsky, and Blackmon, the focus is on defining the impact of industrialization on the American workers in terms of labor conditions, wages, machinery, and standards of living. Specifically, DiLorenzo focuses on the evidence improvements of the working conditions during the industrialized prosperity. By focusing on such issues as increase of incomes, greater competence in handling technologies, the author has managed to provide both qualitative and quantitative data on the positive influence of the capitalist movement. Dubofsky concludes that, despite the fact that the growth in earnings was relatively moderate, the rapid economic development should not necessarily be the best solution for American employees. Finally, Blackmon refers to the industrialization process as to the phenomenon of re-enslavement of the labor force. DiLorenzo asserts an argument that Capitalism helped improve the workforce and wages for the average worker, however, Dubofsky and Blackmon present a more convincing statistical argument and notable first-hand accounts that prove otherwise. While deliberating on the influence of capitalism on the American labor force, all the authors discuss the wage rates among the employees. At this point, DiLorenzo focuses on the evident improvement, though a moderate increase in wages that significantly raised the standards of living. To prove that, the scholar evaluates the wage rates with regard to the current rates, as well as define the opportunities that earnings create for workers. For instance, DiLorenzo writes, “in 1908, the typical American worker had to work two years to earn enough money to but average-quality care” (99). Nowadays, the average American workers will need eight months to buy a technologically advanced car. Although modern possibilities are much more beneficial, capitalism contributed greatly to worker’s material status and potential. Despite the positive changes that DiLorenzo enumerates, Dubofsky acknowledges the rise of wages, but the percentage of increase is relatively low with regard to the fact of rapid economic growth. The research argues, “…prosperity of course, boosted wages but that after the outbreak of World War I prices rose even more rapidly, and workers found themselves breathless on an economic treadmill” (Dubofsky 20). Therefore, the price rise significantly outperforms the increase in wages among American employees. Blackmon takes a radical pos
Outline The worldwide financial crisis is rearing its head since the middle of the year 2007 and has a full impact during the year 2008. Due to this economic crisis, the stock market around the world have tumbled, the world’s famous and large banks and financial institutions have filed bankruptcy petitions or merged and even the wealthiest nations faced the brunt as they have to come to rescue their banks and corporations with financial rescue packages mainly to bail out their economic structure. (IMF Report vi). The fundamental reason for the present international financial meltdown can be ascribed to the subprime disaster which is the outcome of a national bubble in the residential housing market that started to burst in the USA in 2006 and has presently created shatters in many other economies across the world in the guise of the international credit crunch and financial failures. The impact of the financial rupture is that it has set in motion basic societal transformation – the change that will influence global consumer’s customs, relations with each other and our values. (Shiller 1). Though, Saudi nations gained initially due to speculative zeal which pushed up the oil prices to unprecedented levels but later witnessed downtrends due to global financial crisis (Shiller, p. 5). Commodity exporting nations like Saudi Arabia will witness a deep fall in oil prices which will put heavy pressure on its government finances and external accounts. Further, any future limits on OPEC productions could naturally assist to support oil prices. However, due to rising inventories and softening demand will prolong to weigh on the market in the shorter run (IMF Report, p. 12). This research essay will focus on how the recent financial crisis has affected the economic system across the globe and its impact on Saudi Arabia’s economy in detail. Introduction The international economy is in the middle of a deep slump, influencing financial and real estate sectors which are having its impact both in advanced and in developing and emerging nations. All major developed economies are in a slump while economic activity both in developing and emerging economies is declining suddenly. All nation’s economies are vulnerable to present international meltdown greatly than in earlier meltdowns since they are now more integrated than before with the global economy through foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and remittances. The current economic crisis has affected these nations through decreased requirements for their exports. Since a majority of these nations are exporters of merchandise and commodities, they are affected badly by the sharp downfall in demand for their merchandise. Due to global economic recession, many nations are affected by lower inward remittances and the flow of foreign direct investments and financial aid from the advanced economies is also under threat. It is to be noted that the increase in inward remittance was flat in the latter half of the year 2008 whereas it is anticipated to be negative in the year 2009. In the case of developing countries, a sharp decline in in
Victims of racial and gender discrimination suffer from such injustices as segregation and prevalent poverty. In many societies, women are often discriminated against when it comes to equal pay and access to health. Such inequalities may come about due to the issue of race. The combination of race and gender compounds discrimination. Statistics on the status of women worldwide shows that women have to struggle before attaining equality with men (Frye, 1996). The problem of racial and gender discrimination becomes obvious when a woman’s race is considered instead of her experience. This leads to race-based violence against women. Morris Glegle-Ahanhanzo, an investigator on racism, visited Brazil in 1995 to study the situation of minority women in the labor market. He made the conclusion that “black women receive the lowest salaries (four times lower of than that of a white man), are employed in the most unhealthy locations, work a triple working day and face threefold discrimination” (Frye, 1996). It is always important that social demographic variables such as gender and race be viewed dynamically instead of statically. This reduces the possibility of oversimplification and overgeneralization in what they mean and where they are to be applied. The variables should also be considered within societal contexts that are specific since they simultaneously operate in all the social situations. Equal treatment should be given to everyone regardless of the gender or race. Indeed, there are many distinctions between people, but it should not be of much concern in today’s society. It becomes a big problem when the barriers of inequality are tried to be broken because it is hard to abolish the things that people have been adapted to. The most dominant of all is gender related issues, especially in determining who is more superior between a man and a woman (May, 2008). Gender and race issues should be well tackled, for instance, in some of the societies men are believed to be superior to women and hold all the important positions in the society. To overcome all this, an interaction-theory concept can be designed because it relates one’s race and gender to his or her personal awareness to reality. New research strategies can also be formulated to effectively integrate race and gender. Practitioners who work in educational institutions especially where the population consists of different people are faced with the challenge of cross-cultural exchanges between them and the students. In such schools, race and gender awareness programs should be introduced as well as issues concerning diversity. The curriculum should also incorporate important issues that concern gender and race. Lessons and programs focusing on these topics require clear understanding among the students as well as active listening. Race and gender issues can result to residential segregation for the marginalized p
Introduction Boost Juice is one of the most well-known healthy brands. The company specializes in selling delicious and nutritious fruit juice. Boost Juice is an international chain of retail outlets with headquarters in Melbourne, Australia. Boost Juice has expanded from a small local company to an established network of retail stores all over the world since 2000. There are more than 200 outlets in Australia, Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. The Type and Nature of the Juice and Smoothie Bar Industry It cannot be denied that people tend to be more health-conscious all across the globe, and the demand for healthy organic food is growing faster nowadays. It is confirmed by the success of such healthy grocery store chains as Trader’s Joe and Whole Food. The juice and smoothie bar industry is a part of this health market trend. Although the industry is relatively new, the number of juice bar franchise operations is growing with years. Juice bars are becoming more popular in the world. They are usually located in shopping malls and urban areas. The secret of the juice and smoothie bars industry’s success is the thing that bars are convenient and accessible for those people who do not have enough time to sit down and eat a salad or drink juice but who still want to lead a healthy lifestyle. What is more, the juice bar business does not require a great amount of capital to start. There are some international juice and smoothie bar chains. The brightest and most prosperous examples are Jamba Juice, Smoothie King, and Fresh Healthy Café. As well as Boost Juice, these brands promote a healthy lifestyle and make healthy living easier. Business Expansion Humanity lives in the time of globalization that means the transformation of the world into a single space. There are a lot of successful examples of companies that have already entered the global market. Boost Juice is one of such international companies. International business is a good opportunity to increase sales and profit and outperform competitors though there are some obvious risks related to it. It is worth mentioning that although Boost Juice has more than 200 retail outlets throughout the world, there are still no stores in North America. The company is recommended to take a planned approach to establish its operations in the United States of America. The local conditions of the United States can offer some advantages for a brand like Boost Juice. Due to the high demand for healthy foods in the United States, the juice bar and smoothie industry offers opportunities to such businesses as Boo
Introduction Print media has been the most powerful pathway for the transmission of fashion, fashion designs and other elements of the fashion industry. In fact, fashion magazines have been the key to the fashion industry (Stone, 2004). For several centuries, the fashion industry has increasingly taken the modern advantage of technological advancements in printing. In turn, technological advancements have turned the industry into a major consumer of print technology. Nevertheless, towards the end of the 20 th century, the fashion industry made a major trend by incorporating the internet (Stone, 2004). Since 2000, the fashion industry has experienced the influence of internet revolution. Thousands of readers are migrating from print to online media. According to Kansara (2009a), readers are increasingly getting access to the free and abundant information available online. Moreover, according to Kansara (2009b), advertisers are also pulling out of the printing industry. Advertisers are the main source of revenues in print magazines (Hill, 2004). Their migration from the print media (fashion magazines) to online magazines and blogs has left print magazines in a poor state. This state is actually forcing them out of business (Kansara 2009b). The situation worsened between 2008 and 2010 during the global economic crisis. For instance, major fashion companies were adversely affected by the crisis- major fashion and luxury titles declining significantly (Ovide & Adams, 2009). According to Clifford (2009), renowned fashion publishers such as Conde Nast had their performances declining by 2009, a factor that worried many in the industry. In fact, Clifford (2009) asserts that the problem persuaded most people to evaluate the fashion industry within the context of migration from print to digital media. Since then, major printers have resolved to increase their efforts towards digitalizing their business, which, with no doubt, is killing the print media (Keen, 2008). Currently, many print magazines are still circulating every year. Nevertheless, the value, volume and significance of the printed materials in the fashion industry are reducing (Stone, 2004). Two important aspects of the digital world are worth discussion as a cause of the decline- the economics of print media versus digital media and the change of consumer preference from print media to digital media in the fashion industry. Therefore, the statement “print media is dead” seems to be true as far as the state of the migration is concerned. The fashion industry and media as a popular culture According to Storey (1997), a popular culture is simply defined as the culture that is widely appreciated and favoured or liked by many people and organizations. Storey asserts that such a quantitative index is the one that meets the approval of many parties. To provide an example, Storey argues that such objects as books, DVDs and CDs are part
Introduction The book under consideration is Mexican Immigrants in America: An Interactive History Adventure (Hanel, 2009). It was written by Rachel Hanel, an American writer. It is an interactive nonfiction book base on the stories of real people. The author applied this adventure approach to attract the attention of readers. First published in 2008, it describes the events from the beginning of the 20th century when many Mexican people came to the United States after the Mexican revolution for shelter to the first decade of the 21st century and its legislation that attempted to provide legal status for young immigrants. Book Organization and Author’s Subarguments The major issue of the book is to demonstrate real-life situations that happened to real people. However, it is not historical writing. It is an adventure book where a reader can select his or her ending. The book consists of five chapters. After the first chapter, there is a choice where to go, and the outcome is different in every case. Moreover, the writer provides a timeline to clear up the events of the century when Mexican people actively immigrated, legally or illegally, to the United States. Also, the page about further readings and Internet links to extended information can be useful to the readers who want to study the subject more carefully. One of the main points expressed by an author is the role of the United Farm Workers Association in the support of immigrant workers. The problem of Mexican immigrants is not broadly represented in literature. Another work dedicated to the issue of being immigrants and adapting to new life conditions is Remaining the immigrant. The accommodation of Mexican immigrants in rural America by Haley (2009). The author presents the results of his research that proved the diversity of possible outcomes for immigrants. Strengths and Weakness of the Book To assess strengths or reveal weaknesses, it is worth considering the target audience of the book. Mexican Immigrants in America are reading for adolescents. In this case, its structure is a strength and an important advantage. Frequently, teenagers do not read eagerly, but the format of adventure and an opportunity to select the development of the story and its outcome is likely to keep them interested. Another advantage of the book is the use of simple language that is not typical of books on history. It contributes to the unique character of the book and supports its value. Finally, the strength of the book is i