ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The 21st century is the age of information and mass media. With the government and corporate control over the internet vanning, an individual’s actions today can achieve that which 50 years ago was considered impossible. Access to information provided new tools to reach out to millions of people worldwide in order to fight discrimination, violence, and racism. The newly discovered freedom of speech caused a major shift in public opinion, supplanting the power of dominant population in America to suppress, exploit, and belittle the country’s minorities. The result of such shifts was the protest of Colin Kaepernick, who opposed the flag of a nation that allowed for innocent people of color to be gunned down by police with impunity. Socio-Cultural Causes Behind Kaepernick’s Protest In order to understand the magnitude and bravery behind Kaepernick’s protest, it is important to realize the pressure placed on every single media representative in the entertainment industry. Sports athletes, musicians, and actors provide entertainment for large groups of people. It also makes them slaves to public opinion, since they must speak what the public wants them to hear, lest they lose popularity and employment. By putting himself on the line, Kaepernick risked his career and employment in the forty-niners’ sports club. There are several reasons as to why he did it. The first reason is the violence against black people that had been escalating in the past 5 years. According to the FBI bulletin, black victims of police violence constitute 25% of the entire group, despite comprising roughly 13% of the entire population (Payne). One of the most famous examples of institutionalized police brutality included the apprehension of Ferguson riots in 2014, which resulted in 1 death, 10 injuries, and over 300 arrests (Payne). The awareness of multiple acts of police brutality across the US was made possible because of social media and the Internet, which helped collect proof and share information between many people. The second factor that contributed to Kaepernick’s impact was the existence of various social movements promoting racial and gender equality. One of these major groups is Black Lives Matter, which helps shape the public opinion by exposing various injustices and violations against the black community by the government, the educational system, the businesses, and the law enforcement. The organization exists since 2013, and during the four years before Kaepernick’s incident, it managed to gain significant exposure and promote the rights of black people across the US (Virk). The last factor revolves around sustainability. Fifty years ago, any activist challenging the status quo could be effectively suppressed by being fired and shunned by the predominantly white community. Black rights leaders did not see any government support and had to rely on their own supporters to promote the cause. Because of this factor, it required figures like Martin Luther King Jr. as well as massive boycotts and demonstration to make a dent in the public opinion. Altho
As an aspect of their vocation, entrepreneurs have been provided with a great resource, and the Lord through his word is asking them to do great things with that resource. The Bible says that, from everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded in return; and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked of them. ( New International Version, 2021, Luke 12:48). In this new century, many entrepreneurial skills have given rise to extraordinary innovations, some of the resulting innovations have helped cure chronic illnesses, connected people through technology advancements all while creating prosperity in many ways (“ The Vocation of the Business Leader: A Reflection “, 2018). Nevertheless, this era has also seen a rise in corporate controversies, severe economic disruptions, wealth inequality, environmental damage, and a loss of faith in corporations and free-market organizations in general. Entrepreneurship is, without a doubt, a wonderful and vital vocation. It is not because it can lead to financial independence or untold wealth, but rather because entrepreneurship allows those with the confidence, drive, and ambition to express themselves, empower themselves, and be self-sufficient. The benefits of self-actualization outweigh any financial or status gain that one may be fortunate enough to earn over time. Empowerment is a form of leadership that manifests itself through entrepreneurship. When a conceptual notion, idea, or innovation is turned into an enterprise, the businessman accepts the leadership role. Therefore being empowered to develop an entity made up of people who will carry out their mission and vision, not thoughts. Rather than becoming a collaborator in somebody else’s pursuit for prosperity, the entrepreneur gains authority over their own. In the unraveling of creation, entrepreneurs have a unique and crucial role. They not only produce goods and services and continuously enhance them via innovation and the use of scientific and technological means, but they also assist in the formation of institutions that will continue this job in the future (“The Vocation of the Business Leader: A Reflection,” 2018). Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is important for reasons other than the economic implications associated with it. The intense competition becomes fiercer with each business venture, driving entrepreneurs to be more entrepreneurial, productive, and sensitive to customer requirements. Due to the desire of a large number of risk-taking entrepreneurs, everyone profits. Naughton’s comment that is an indication of how profit is a crucial component in the success of any business. For a business to continue developing its products and offering its services, there must be a profit to facilitate those activities.
Introduction As compare to other forms of art, music is the most popular across the globe. The main elements of a musical composition are the form, rhythm, harmony, and melody. Besides, music is about balancing the dynamics and tempo to create a sonic resonance composition that can appeal to a specific audience. Thus, this reflective treatise reviews the concert which occurred on March 5, 2016 from 8.00 pm at the Catalina Jazz Club. The performers in the concert were Michael Gulezian, Benjamin Verdery, and Billy Dean as a special guest. The paper will dwell on scope of their performance, songs that were played, strengths and weaknesses of the performance. The Jazz Concert The concert was held on 5 th March 2016 at the Catalina Jazz Club. The concert lasted for two hours from 8.00 pm to 10.00 pm. This being my first attendance to such a big concert, the spectacular recitals by the solo guitarists such as Michael Gulezian, Benjamin Verdery, and Billy Dean really captured my attention just like it did to the jovial audience. The concert hall was packed by audience dressed in their best evening attire. Majority of the audience appeared youthful. The performance stage background was illuminated with a mixture of bright colors and decorations. The background illumination systematically and frequently changed to different themes as each solo guitarist was on the stage. The audience and performers were generally excited and you could see a smile in nearly every face. Gulezian was the first to perform five compositions followed by Verdery who also did five compositions. The special guest, Billy Dean, closed the concerts by doing six compositions. The compositions I liked best were presented by Michael Gulezian. The compositions consisted of pieces such as Little Meggie, St. Louis Blues, Whale in the Sky, Goodbye, My Friend, and A Nice Place to Visit . The talented Gulezian artistically fused the tempo and dynamics to create a deep jazz music. Gradually, the tempo of the compositions increased and harmonized proficiency and controlled energy as the audience clapped on through the swings between moderate, allegro, and andante. The hypnotic quality of the fast beat perfectly suited the modern performance style of Gulezian’s jazz composition. The musical instrument played in during the performance was a guitar. Song after song, Gulezian demonstrated emerging and entertaining performance styles in balancing the tempo variances. The performance I liked best were
Family Breakdowns and Re-Formations: Divorce and Post-Divorce According to Cherlin, the change in the social functions that a family has, and, weirdly enough, baby boomers (social structural factors), as well as a shift toward individualism and the lack of family support (individual risk factors) are most likely to trigger divorces (Cherlin, 2013). A very complicated and complex process, divorce has multiple effects on every member of the family. Children are most likely to feel unhappy and have divorces when they create their own families. Single parents will most likely face financial and psychological crises. However, in some cases, a single parent might feel relief after the divorce procedure. The key problem of studying a stepfamily is to embrace all the possibilities of the kinship ties development between the step-children and the step-parents (Cherlin, 2013). Children in step-families face the same issues as children of divorced parents. Girls in step-families are more likely to leave sooner, Cherlin warns (Cherlin, 2013). Even though a child raised without a father faces serious issues, there are some ways to minimize the threat, including 1) the support from the father even in case the mother moves with the child, 2) bring down the poverty rates among single mothers; 3) make sure that “local policies do not discourage marriage” (Cherlin, 2013). The findings concerning the effects of divorce on children can be considered questionable, since the families chosen as the object of research are typically not quite normal, to begin with (Kelly & Emery, 2003). The stranger model presupposes that the stepparent is related to as a stranger, whereas the dependency model acknowledges the fact that the stepparent provides for the child (Mason, 2003). Negativists deny the possibility of step-parenting, voluntarists recognize the risks yet accept the possibility of step-parenting, while reformers are in favor of step-parenting (Mason, 2003). According to what Crohn says, the research was focused on nineteen middle-class educated women of roughly 23.4 years each. The research is based on the classification provided by Berger, Burgoyne, and Clark, Church, Erera-Weatherly, and Gross, the women in the research were evaluated according to the existing five types of stepmother. As the research showed, each of the women reported that their stepmothers never tried to replace their mothers (Crohn, 2013). As a rule, in a ground-based divorce, the person to blame for the breakup is clearly defined, whereas, in a no-fault divorce, the decision to part was made by the couple unanimously and peacefully. Among the unexpected consequences of no
Introduction It is June 12, 2019, and Hong Kong remains as agitated and indignant as it was for several days in a row. A recently introduced bill to extradite some categories of criminals to mainland China, potentially exposing Hongkongers to unfair trials, provoked widespread resentment among the 7.5 million of the local population. The city that enjoys increased autonomy and civil liberties under “one country, two systems” arrangement ever since its return to China in 1997 remains ever-vigilant of the national government’s attempts to restrict its freedoms and erupts in protests. These remain peaceful so far – as recently as June 9, more than one million people marched across the city’s streets to demand the withdrawal of the controversial bill, and no violence occurred. However, the story does not repeat itself as peacefully on June 12. As the protestors gather outside the Legislative Council Complex to impede the bill’s second reading, clashes with the law enforcement begin, which the police disperses using tear gas and rubber bullets. Stephen Lo Wai-chung, Commissioner of Police, categorizes the protests as “riots,” which raises the question of what will be the fate of the dozens of protestors arrested in the clashes of June 12. Several days later, as the protests grow stronger, he backpedals on his words and explains that police do not categorize any and all participants of the protest as “rioters.” According to the Commissioner, he only applied the term to those who have actively engaged the police with metal poles or bricks, and those not involved in violent clashes with law enforcement should and will not be classified as rioters. Still, five people already arrested for rioting during the first days of the protest and twice as more are charged with violent crimes. Commissioner also insists that some of the events outside the Legislative Council Complex were “rioting situations” and refuses to apologize to peaceful protestors injured in the process of dispersing them. The implications of the statement are clear: as far as the authorities are concerned, Hong Kong protestors are rioters, and even those who do not fall under the term legally still deserve the same treatment. Main body Riots – that is the world that has largely dominated the public discourse of Hong Kong protests for the past eleven months. After first being used by Hong Kong Police after the events of June 12, the term has become inseparable from the protests themselves. The authorities cling to it with an adamant conviction, consistent in their attempts to portray the protestors as little more than street ruffians opposed to law and order. The protestors themselves reject the official moniker as a mockery of their struggle for civ
Introduction In assessment of clinical trials there are different potential problems faced by the researchers in order to reach accurate results. Subjective clinical outcomes are the measurements that would reflect the perceptions of the person being accessed, the subject. However, subjective measurements are not very reliable and are inconsistent. It also reflects quality of the procedure used to access; hence, imperfection in performing a procedure may affect the measurement. Subjective assessments are also influenced by bias introduced by the observer. Main body While making clinical decisions, individuals tend to use their own assessments, relying on subjectivity, rather than being objective in every aspect. This means that most results are obtainable on the basis of perception. However, these results are not to be relied on wholly, as they are not scientific, and there is a need to measure clinical outcomes that are subjective (pain, etc.), in order to attain optimum results. There are various methodologies employed for measurements of clinical outcomes, according to the type of assessment to be made. The area of physical therapy, that involves the ‘pain’ element, does not have adequate standardized clinical measures. There are a few methods and procedures used in the criteria for identification of clinical measures, which include measures of spasticity, balance, muscle tone, and shortness of breath. But these are assessed through unstandardized methods and techniques, which lead to negative out
Introduction Cloud computing is generally perceived as the next generation computing structure for hosting and delivering economical services such as platform, software, and infrastructure. Notwithstanding the various advantages and facilities of cloud computing, privacy and security issues remain a basic concern and impair the growth of this technology. Consequently, this research proposal discusses the possibility using attribute-based encryption to achieve secure sharing of students’ cloud-based data. The proposed pilot study will be performed on a university domain that shares student files and will validate the use of attribute-based encryption system for improving security and enhancing the trust of cloud users. This section presents a background of the privacy and security issues characteristic to cloud systems. As a result, the importance of using attribute-based encryption to eliminate the security and privacy issues of cloud based systems is highlighted. Background There are numerous, related research studies that highlight the significance of students’ record systems for improved effectiveness, better student management (Ewing, 2012), advanced student academic follow-up, strict student privacy (Urtel, 2008), and reduced costs (Stowell, Addison, & Smith, 2012). Using students’ management software will improve the management of student assessment tests, class attendance, class participation, scores, and GPAs. Students and parents monitor the students’ learning progress and examine other extracurricular activities, such as students’ engagement in sports. Also, the school board can promptly view the students’ academic records and recommend future career paths for the students. Students’ electronic recording systems offer potential for improved privacy and higher accessibility to required records. Likewise, with the rapid increase in tablet and smartphone use, more students and instructors are ready to migrate to students’ electronic recording system. Nevertheless, privacy issues have prevented the implementation of cloud-based students’ recording systems. Mobile devices can be operated in almost every environment and may be used to instantly access various networks, and this exposes them to potential privacy risks. Thus, it becomes difficult to secure students’ scores on mobile devices without compromising students’ privacy. For instance, a mobile virus harnessed the susceptibility of Android’s browser to circumvent application authorizations and retrieve users’ data. Therefore, the possible utilization of mobile technology to access students’ records has highlighted the need to create significant methods for safeguarding the privacy of information, inside and outside the school environment. Importance of Offline Access Cloud-based academic systems are gaining acceptance by scholarly institutions, offering students access to their academic records through online environments, such as blackboards and portals. Nevertheless
The Nightmare Scenario The charges of Atwood in the novel “Year of the Flood” are based off her concept that never in the history of creation has a species had the means to its own mass extinction that it literally had it within its very fingertips. This is idea is of course inspired from the potentially destructive forces of nuclear holocausts, unmitigated genetic engineering and an increasingly divisive society where the potential for class warfare is a growing concern as seen by the recent uprisings in the Middle East. For Atwood, her destruction of choice is death by plague wherein humanity is wiped out by a plague that was initially disguised as a prophylactic. While the Geneva Convention on Human Rights has banned the use and development of biological agents as a means of warfare, thus sparing humanity the possibility of dying due to a virulent disease, the fact remains that studies still do continue in the realm of genetic engineering wherein the secrets of the genetic code are continuously being explored by scientists. For Atwood the structure of our culture involving sciences, religion and people are inherently flawed and in need for change. The current norm in society is in the fostering of the concept of social inequality which can and will create problems in the future in relation to cooperation between all sectors of humanity (Brooks, 11). It is due to this that Atwood portrays the future in such a dystopic faction since it is actually a good enough impression of what the world will look like should nothing be done. In relation to the science of genetic engineering, it has been able to create bioengineered corn that is more resistant to disease, created effective means of treatment through hormones and gene therapy, all while the science of genetic engineering is still within its infancy. On the other hand various negative outcomes have also come about such as bioengineered crops that humans are actually allergic to and untold side-effects on the human body by the current myriad of drugs and inoculations developed by pharmaceutical companies. While unlikely, the possibility is still there for catastrophe to occur; one statement by Atwood in the book summarizes this possibility “this was not an ordinary pandemic it wouldn’t be contained after a few hundred thousand deaths, the obliterated with bio-tools and bleach, this was the Waterless Flood the Gardeners so often had warned about, it had all the signs: it travelled through the air as if on wings, it burned through the cities like fire, spreading germ-ridden mobs, terror, and butchery” (Atwood, 20). This particular quote from the book shows how a biological contagion can sweep through society; unhindered, unstoppable and un-killable. The point that Atwood is trying to make in this particular instance is that with every step we take towards scientific progress is a possible step towards human extinction. In the case of the a
Introduction Shelley’s writings have received numerous analyses from different scholars and students of this great writer. One of such works is Ode to the West Wind. People like H.B Forman have noted this poem talks in part about Shelley’s emotional background while Professor Hthe.C. Pancoast has interpreted it from the environment in which it is set, and many more people have reviewed this poem from different perspectives over the years. Nevertheless, I.J. Kapstein stands out because of his analysis on use of symbolism in this poem from a different point of view by drawing parallels between this poem and other works by Shelley including some of Shelley’s choice reading materials and authors. Kapstein has compiled his work in The Symbolism of the Wind and the Leaves in Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind, this paper examines this Kapstein’s analysis, and the writer differs with Kapstein on some issues. Analysis Kapstein seeks to establish the origins, the development, and the implications of Ode, as written by Shelley. According to Kapstein, leaves and wind are the significant symbols in this poem and adds that the intellectual and emotional disturbances associated for Shelley with the symbols may be the impetus that pushed Shelley to write this poem. After Shelly arrived in Florence on October 2, 1819, he read John Taylor’s review on The Revolt of Islam, an article that occurred in the Quarterly Review. This review introduced the theme of the Reformation in Shelley’s works. Kapstein notes that Shelley loved walking as part of his many recreational activities and one day on his way from these walks, he wrote to his friends explaining to them how he loved watching the leaves and the flow of water in the Arno. Kapstein argues that Shelley’s mention of leaves to his frien