ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction McDonald’s is one of the most successful corporations worldwide. This fast food restaurants chain includes more than 30,000 restaurants which serve to around 70 million people in all parts of the globe ( 2012 annual report , 2013). The corporation’s revenues are more than $27 billion and the growth is steady as the revenues increase each year ( 2012 annual report , 2013). It is also necessary to note that the company was once a family owned business operating in one US state. At present, this is a publicly traded corporation which is operating in 118 countries (Williams, 2010). This success suggests that the company has implemented effective strategies at different levels, which enables it to be the leader of the market even though its major competitors have also achieved a lot. Business-level strategy Business-level strategies focus on the company’s relationship with its customers (and potential customers) and its competitors. When it comes to a corporation, business-level strategies are used to address the needs of customers in specific markets, countries, areas (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2012). One of the major strategies at the business level is development of proper relationships with customers. Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2012) note that it can be effective for a business to employ the strategy at three different levels, i.e. reach, richness and affiliation dimensions. This approach helps develop proper relationships with existing and potential customers. Hence, the reach dimension is concerned with developing strategies to access and connect to customers. At this dimension, the company can focus on introducing new services to customers. Clearly, the company should continuously monitor the needs of its existing and especially its potential customers. It is essential to understand who these customers are and what they are seeking for. It is also important to understand how to let them hear the message. Introduction of new services will attract new customers. Admittedly, each market and each area needs a unique approach and numerous characteristic features of people living in this or that region should be taken into account. The richness dimension dwells upon the degree to which connection between the company and the customer can develop. In other words, this is about the information flow between the customer and the company. This dimension also involves monitoring and research. The company should make sure that customers’ ideas can be heard and brought to reality. The use of social networking can be a good tool to make it possible as customers can share their ideas and address the company at any time. The affiliation dimension is concerned with developing customers’ loyalty. Thus, it is crucial to make sure that customers’ aspirations are met. The two dimensions mentioned above focus on acquiring information and developing strategies to meet customers’ needs, whereas the third dimension is about control over implementation of the strategies utilized. The use of this three-dimension strategy will ensure long-term success of the company as loyalty of exi
One of the most important lessons and thoughts is that people are rather resilient species due to the unique work of their brains. They have the ability to rebound numerous wars, disasters, violence, and traumas and leave everything negative and bad behind (van der Kolk, 2014). Still, traumas are characterized by specific vestiges that may bother even if the sources of such traumas have disappeared or no longer exist. Besides, any traumatic event may have different reactions in the brain (Bullard, 2006). Therefore, it is not enough to know that certain psychological and mental health problems may occur with traumas. It is important to understand how a human brain works and deals with traumas to help people and overcome their challenges. An internship is a chance to investigate all aspects of the brain and understand how traumas contribute to mental health. It is not always possible for people to get over trauma because it can mean different things to different people (van der Kolk, 2014). On the one hand, trauma can be an ordinary stressor like the necessity to meet requirements and standards, visit certain places, or talk to certain people. On the other hand, trauma is a physical or psychological threat that can have a variety of negative outcomes, including the intention to avoid similar dangerous places or situations, the necessity to find additional protection, or the possibility to stay inactive. A human brain can be re-organized to deal with danger, and these reorganizations may have different forms (Bullard, 2006). Traumas can be easily misunderstood, and it is necessary to have a good expert in traumas to be confident in the recommended treatment and offered help to cover all possible psychological problems.
Introduction Thesis Statement The act of having a breakdown of social values and also norms can be defined as anomie. This term was put across by a sociologist from France by the name of Emile Durkheim who wrote a book entitled suicide in the year 1897. In the modern world, this term can be further described as a lack of etiquette in one word or poor social codes of ethics (Messner,1989). In most cases, people are viewed in regards to the standards of codes of ethics that society expects of them. There is a standard of ethic, norms and values that the society expects to see reflected on each individual and when this is not seen then issues related to the individual is approached from a different perspective because this is a condition that is nurtured (Messner, 2010). Many theories have been developed to explain the relationship between crime, anomie’ and weakened social ties in social institutions. Anomie and Crime in America America has not been spared by the issue of increased crime rate and a state of norm-lessness. This is seen every day as robberies, divorce rates, murders, rape cases and suicide cases among others increase day after day. Different theories have been developed to explain this. One of the major theories is on anomie’. The state of anomie in America according to Merton is a result of a strain caused by her goal of attaining economic success in a time when opportunities to achieve such are limited (Merton, 1998). Since society is divided into classes, those in the lower class are limited from accessing the opportunities or resources necessary to meet the goal legitimately. As this happens, there is a strain that results in weakened social ties in the social institutions beginning from the family unit. Individualism takes root as people focus on attaining the goal while disregarding attached norms which govern the means in a society (Messner,1989). Economic institutions become dominant due to weakened institutional ties. This is frustrating and people opt to overlook the norms in the pursuit of meeting their goal of economic success. It is this imbalance among social structures that result in high crime rates (Messner, 2010). The higher the imbalance among social structu
The book of Daniel Boorstin “The Creators, A History of Heroes of the Imagination” is devoted to the issues of the destiny of the most famous and widely-known creations of the human artistic activity, as well as the role of art in human life in general, the sense of creation in terms of its meaning in history and contemporary reality. The first topic to be discussed is the primary opinion of the author about the meaning of the works of art in understanding the history of humanity and the way of thinking, the flow of events it could reflect. The good example chosen by the author is the story about Stonehenge – one of the most remarkable historic monuments of the past situated on the territory of contemporary Great Britain. It was at first considered to belong to the era of the dawn of European history – created by the Mycenae culture. However, the innovative methods of investigation of the historical age of monuments indicated the creation of Stonehenge as long ago as 2000 B.C. The newly discovered truth changed the whole attitude to the subject: The enduring monuments of primeval architecture, then, were no longer witnesses to the outreaching power of Mycenae. Instead, they revealed man’s irrepressible creative powers everywhere and democratized the history of man the creator (Boorstin, 1993). From these words it is seen that the power of human creation and art as a type of human activity has no relation to time or space – it is grand and eternal, contradicting with the basic rules and human considerations. Boorstin argues that art is called to conquer time and arises from the wish of man to conquer death and achieve eternal life (Boorstin, 1993). The author finds the basis for his assumptions in the fact that sculpture was not purely a type of activity for people but the way of expression, a certain ideology, proving the point by many examples – the Greek temples built in strict order as compared to streets of towns built in a disorderly manner to misguide enemies; their attention to exterior features as compared to the Roman obsession with the interior, etc. (Boorstin, 1993). One more implication of architecture is in its technology revealing the philosophy and culture of the nation, e.g. Western reliance on stone and Eastern worshipping nature thus using wood (Boorstin, 1993). The history of images in art is also rich and deeply reflected in the religious, philosophical, and cultural profiles of the chronological and territorial type. The author attributes much attention to the history of the evolution of images in the history of the civilization making the astounding discovery that man created something even before he learned to write – this can be witnessed from the ancient statues and miniatures of ani
The problem of a drug testing of welfare recipients has sparked a public outcry. The question whether welfare recipients should be drug tested or not has its own supporters and detractors. The arguments of those who think that drug testing is necessary are obvious. It is believed that the government, by refusing from the financial aid to welfare recipients who fail the test, saves public funds. Moreover, when this legislative intention was just implemented, Senator David Vitter stated that in such a way the government was planning to find out and to control the drug edicts in families that need government assist (Bennet 9). Many opponents of the drug testing state that this statement implies the fact that the drug edicts are more numerous among welfare recipients in comparison with the rest population. Moreover, in a certain degree Vitters statement may be considered as an intrusion into privacy. However, apart from the moral aspects of this problem, the drug testing of welfare recipients has many other negative factors. Speaking about the financial benefits of this issue, the advocates of the drug testing state that every dollar of taxpayers should be spend properly. It is believed that due to this measure implementation, the funds are distributed in a proper way and only those families who need it receive the government assistance. At the same time, it is believed that drug edicts are rejected from this assistance and in such a way, the economy of taxpayers money takes place. Stating this, the advocates of the drug testing do not take into consideration the cost of all the necessary procedures of the drug screening. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the estimate cost of drug testing depends upon the State and averages 31 dollars (Ingersoll, Pfister and Arrington 5). From the very beginning of the implementation of this legislative intention, it was predetermined that this procedure would be free of charge. At the same time, the drug testing implies not only the procedure of screening, but also a complex of different activities. It is necessity to purchase and to deliver the drug tests, which means additional logistical expenses. It is necessary to pay laboratory tariffs, and to pay wages to the staff that is involved in servicing, monitoring and administrating the drug testing (Radel, Joyce and Wulff 3). Moreover, these are not all the expenses. Considering this, in some states such as Florida or Alabama, an applicant has to pay independently for the drug test. In case a recipient fails the test, he loses his money spent for it. Nevertheless, in case of the negative result of the drug test the charges of the applicant are reimbursed. In this regard, the brightest example that demonstrates the senseless of this policy, from
A community garden refers to a place where a group of people mutually come together to grow something. The Community gardens are open to the general public and any other personnel interested in digging in the dirt and planting fruits and vegetables. The gardens have created a mutual partnership for the people, leading to sustainability in assessing, cultivating, and developing a superb network (Norton). The community garden has ensured a large and growing community partnership that is exceptionally committed to student development, nutrition, and food sustainability. The key aims of the community garden entail increasing concern and respect for the natural world, developing food sustainability, promoting healthy eating and living characters, and building an entirely dependent community. Through an emphasis on grass-roots activism and the power of immediate action, community gardens empower people to solve local needs with local solutions – with or without permission. In her TED talk, Warhurst’s suggested the need to invent a new form of tourism known as vegetable tourism that would help solve local issues related to food security. According to Warhurst, there has been a need for a revolution for the community gardens in her homeland of Todmorden using local solutions available. For instance, Warhurst, in the TED talk, claims that “Can you find a unifying language that cuts across age and income and culture that will help people themselves find a new way of living, see spaces around them differently, think about the resources they use differently, interact differently? Can we replicate the same actions” (Warhurst 00:02:34-00:03:15)? From this argument paused, it is evident that Warhurst was much committed to inventing the community project by creating a simple game plan that later saw them solve their local challenges using locally available solutions. According to Warhurst, the unifying language that aimed at cutting across all ages and income entailed holding a public meeting in Todmorden to shift their focus into their three plates, the community plate, the learning plate, and business without permission from anyone. Through his appeal to empower people to solve local needs with local solutions, Warhurst, in her TED talk, aims to convince his audience through reasoning and evidence. Entirely, the author has in the TED talk focused on providing evidence to the people on how they can eat their landscapes. Pam Warhurst, in the talk, has also focused on expounding her appeal to the people by providing a detailed explanat
Introduction The Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission created a code designed to protect employees from discrimination at the workplace. According to this legislation, employers have a duty to accommodate, where accommodation refers to reassignment of a worker or modification of his or her duties. The duty to accommodate as well as the return to work policy affects all categories of employees defined as protected; these include persons with disabilities, people with divergent religions, ancestry and family obligations. Details of the legislative requirements The Saskatchewan Labour Standards Act, section 44 states that employers have a duty to accommodate workers in order to eliminate discrimination unless undue financial, safety, health and hardship costs will stem from the accommodation (Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission, 2012). In order to show that a company has followed these regulations, it needs to document the process of considering the accommodation request as well as the actions taken. In this legislation, accommodation should not revolve around employee preferences; instead, it should be done in order to eliminate unreasonable barriers at work. When considering accommodation, an employer needs to keep in mind certain triggers that could necessitate it. If an employee experiences something that changes his or her ability to carry out his duties, then the duty applies. For instance, the person may be a new mother or may have changed religions and these alterations may affect the person’s ability to work conventionally. Alternatively, a company may introduce new workplace policies that affect the person’s ability to get work done at certain times. The Saskatchewan Code requires managers to accommodate if the return to work policy has led to discrimination against employees from any of the prohibited groups. In other scenarios, it could be that the individual has developed a medical condition that requires changes in the way the person works. Management should consider such possibilities prior to accommodation. Employe
Introduction Throughout history, the world has continued to pursue avenues aimed at promoting economic development and integration. Due to economic connections, the world has often been referred to as a global village. Through the process of globalization, countries have a lot in common and have become more dependent than before. In essence, globalization has had commendable impact in the world, with economic development having been enhanced. Nevertheless, it has negatively affected the environment even though its impact can be changed if certain measures are taken. This paper explores the issue globalization, its impact on the climate, and what can be done to change the situation Globalization Globalization has been defined by numerous authors and experts in the world, basing their description on certain factors or a given context. It can be defined as the process that involves causes and consequences of global integration of activities, which may be human or non-human (Najam, Runnalls and Halle 4). In this case, integration revolves around transnational and trans-cultural aspects of people. Unlike other definitions, this approach acknowledges the fact that globalization is tied to human and non-human factors. In this context, the environment and globalization are connected by ecological processes, whose impact traverse beyond national boundaries and environmental problems, which pose challenges that are not limited to a given country. Importantly, globalization and the environment intersect at three points: economy, knowledge, and governance. For instance, countries get connected because of economic reasons like consumption needs, which allow highly diffused externalities. Additionally, lack of resources or excess supply of certain products prompts globalization since no economy around the world is self-reliant to depend on another (Najam, Runnalls and Halle 5). Importantly, globalization promote interaction and sharing of information and practices across borders. In cases of environmental stress, such indicators are likely to be shared within a short time because of enhanced channels of communication. With regard to governance, different states have found it hard to promote the well-being of people without involving the outside world. Essentially, environmental standards observed by a given country have the potential of trade and investment on national and global scale (Najam, Runnalls and Halle 6). This aspect has become paramount in promoting business relationships among countries around the world. Impact of Globalization As mentioned before, globalization has a wide-range of effects; negative and positive. One of the aspects of human life, which has been affected widely by globalization, is population. It is evident that current demographic patterns do not resemble those witnessed several decades ago. Cities are growing at an alarming rate, forcing governments to consider the expansion of facilities, which initially met the needs of a small number of people. For instance, research indicates that the number of people living in cities has hit 50% from 5%, two centuries ago (McMichael 1117).
Introduction Domestic and adventure fictions have several characteristics that distinguish them from other types of imaginative writing. “One Crazy Summer” and “Hoot” are some of the most intriguing novels that show the features of domestic and adventure fiction. The core need for using the two books is to identify how these two genres have been used in the texts and how they help create a crucial difference from other genres. Summary of the Novels “One Crazy Summer” comprises Delphine, Vonetta, and Fern, who live in Brooklyn New York. Their father sent them to Oakland, California so they could stay there with their mother, Cecile. Bobby Hutton who was one of the members of the Black Panther was shot by the police and he died while other members were wrongly jailed. The sisters returned home after the San Francisco trip and found their mother and other two members of the Black Panther Party being arrested. The girls performed a poem their mother had written before her arrest. The sisters’ mother is released from jail and returns home, prompting the girls to hug her for the last time as they decide to return home. In “Hoot”, Roy becomes acquaintances with Dana Matherson in Florida. Motherson is one of the worst-known bullies in the area, a trait that becomes unfortunate for Roy. Motherson presses hard his thumbs against Roy’s temples and pushes him against the school-bus window. While in this situation, Roy observes a boy with “no shoes, no backpack, no books—strange, indeed, on a school day.” (Hiaasen, 2019, p. 6). He chases him to where he meets different creatures that he begins to become attracted to and decides to protect. He becomes friends with Beatrice, who has a connection to the barefoot boy. He later realizes that the boy has relationships with vandalism occurring at the site where some construction was happening and endangered the lives of the burrowing owls. The three children then take the fight to the crooked politicians and police hoping to save the animals. Characteristics of Domestic and Adventure Fiction Domestic fiction is evident in the text of “One Crazy Summer” and “Hoot.” Firstly, both novels are set in around the home (Mallett et al., 2019). For instance, “One Crazy Summer” talks about the three sisters, the grandmother, and their mother, while “Hoot” deals with Roy and his other family members leaving Montana for Florida. Secondly, the novels also have elements of social and personal issues that include family and community relationships (Mallett et al., 2019). For instance, Cecile and her sisters were abandoned by their mother and at one point their father sends them to stay for a while with her. On the other hand, Roy enjoys a good lifestyle but is intrigued by that boy who instead of taking the school bus, runs away from it and has no shoes. Thirdly, domestic fictions emphasize social class issues, such as opulence, poverty, and property (Mallett et al., 2019). For instance, the sun is considered a crucial element in the daily lives of the people, since its failure to spin around its axis would result in no harvest among poor farmers and a lack of food for the less privileged. Domestic