ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Why lead through Communication? Communication strategies are crucial in organizations, particularly in the information age. Organizations are growing immensely in terms of their operations. As a result, they are constantly looking for mechanisms for becoming competitive. One of the ways of gaining competitive advantage is through the implementation of communication strategies, which support organizational growth and objectives. Right communication strategies have multiple benefits for an organization ranging from enhancing workforce motivation to the creation of additional customers and retention of the existing clientele. Organizational leaders are ever placed on a constant pressure to comply with various demands by various corporate stakeholders while still ensuring that an organization remains competitive in the short and long run. Upon ensuring compliance with these dual anticipations, organizational managers design and/or execute various business strategies. Although the failure of such strategies may initiate at the designing phase, many of business strategies, irrespective of how well they are designed, have more failure rates at the implementation and execution phases. The implication of this claim is that inadequate expertise in the execution of communication strategies within an organization may produce serious consequences. At the phase of implementation of the business strategies, effective communication is essential in helping leaders to control and monitor the implementation of strategies to meet the desired goals and objectives. Implications of inadequate expertise in communication strategies are reflected in a research conducted by McFarlin, Sweeney, and Cotton (2003) in which 197 management executives from 197 companies were surveyed to unveil their anticipations for success of their communication strategies. The researchers found out that only 63 percent of all the surveyed executives anticipated their strategies to succeed. Upon considering that 37 percent of the surveyed executives were not sure whether their communication strategies would succeed, the researchers concluded, “much of expectation and performance failures are a failure to execute the company’s strategy effectively” (McFarlin, Sweeney & Cotton, 2003, p.380). Strategies are implemented through the collective effort of all people who must work to attain given goals and missions, which an organization is established to accomplish. These goals and objectives must be communicated effectively. Communication provides a link between the plans developed by leaders to enhance the success of an organization and the actual implementation process of the programs. Developing strategies that would succeed requires ardent communication at all hierarchical structures of business administration. Communication is vital since the implementation of new business strategies often involves change (Williams & Seaman, 2001). Poor communication often results in resistance to change, especially where the persons working in an organization perceive the changes being implemented as threats to their jobs and personal excellence. For instance, while personnel at the h
Introduction e-Commerce is seen as one of the key growth areas and business enablers for not only the new age business but also ‘brick and mortar’ companies. By having a viable e-Commerce website and strategy, organisations are able to reach out to thousands of potential customers, spread information easily, help customers to resolve their problems, find out potential clients and also most important, it allows business to be transacted. The paper provides recommendations and a plan for SatWorld to switch to e-Commerce and to help them to move to the e-Commerce platform. Strategy for Internet marketing and promotion of SatWorld portal E-Commerce is defined as “ the sharing of business information, maintaining business relationships and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks “. E-Business is defined as “ the transformation of key business processes through the use of Internet technologies “. eCommerce has the potential to help small companies to look at the world as a market, way beyond the occasional walk in customer or the weekly village sales that would be restricted to mostly locals (Deitel, 2007). There are many challenges in setting up an eCommerce site and while part of the challenges is to adopt the right mix of affordable technology, accessibility and security, success would depend on the manner in which a business brands itself and the business model used along with its product offerings that it wants to transact (Jupiter, 2008). Proposed Interface Shown below is the proposed user interface for SatWorld customer. Figure 1.1 Proposed User Interface for SatWorld The components of the User Interface and the system are: User Interface : The user interface is what the customer would be using. A personal login system is proposed for registered users and login is required only for customers who want to transact while other information is available for any visitor. The interface would have objects such as hyperlinks, drop downs and radio buttons along with a shopping cart System Architecture : It is proposed that an objected oriented design be used and there would be different features. This is a system composed of collaborating objects. This collaboration defines the behaviour of the system. The collaboration is brought about by the objects sending messages to each other. The implementation of the message send differs depending on the architecture of the system, the location of the objects and the function that has received the message. The main task here is examining the problem with the aim of coming up with a conceptual model of all the information existing on the area of the problem being analysed. Object analysis is undertaken before object design and hence it overlooks the implementation constraints that might prop up e.g. concurrency, distribution and persistence. A system with multiple domains representing different technological, business or other areas of concern may have each of the domains being analysed separately. The end result will be a conceptual model giving a description of system functionality presented as use
Introduction Globalization has brought about dramatic increase in the speed of major economic, technological, and social shifts around the world. The interconnectedness of societies around the world has important consequences, especially for the speed with which change takes place in economic and cultural spheres. The globalization of trade and modern communications systems means that, for instance, youth clothing fashions, movies, and music move around the world at tremendous speed. The political leadership of countries such as Asia, Iran, Egypt, and other dictatorships has been able to prevent the speed of open political systems. Each of these dictatorships has resisted the pull of openness, under the guise of protecting the people from capitalism, or protecting nationalism. However, they have not succeeded in cutting off their countries from being connected to the global economy. The rapid spread of youth culture has been even more difficult to prevent, even in Islamic dictatorships that have both political and religious organizations at their disposal to try to control the culture changes; since young people are relatively more in tune with new electronic communication systems such as email, Twitter and Facebook, and for the reason that they are generally open to new things. This paper looks at how the internet (especially social network Facebook and Twitter) affects politics and elections. It puts more emphasis on Twitter by highlighting some of the impacts it has had on politics. It also looks at how the government can control the social networks and concludes by giving the reasons that forced the government of Egypt to ban the use of Twitter. Twitter Twitter is a free social media service that allows anyone to say almost anything to anybody in 140 characters or less. Over the past few months, Twitter has experienced an explosive growth which has a roused the interest of many developers. In consequence, there have appeared many analytic tools which, besides other characteristics, calculate how influential a user is. In just four years, twitter has become one of the most popular social-media networking tools. Its more than 145 million users have made it a public platform for the discussion and dissemination of news related to business, politics, education and gossip. In Twitter, the users are characterized by a basic profile that includes personal or corporate information and details about their contact network. Twitter users are not only people, but also organizations and companies that use Twitter as a broadcast medium. They are interested in extending their influence to reac
Introduction Every business establishment has aims and objectives. The objectives vary significantly from one business to another (Harris, 1999). The objectives can be in the form of financial or non-financial aspects. Businesses work on different strategies to secure sufficient financial resources while generating revenues to achieve the objectives. A business has to incur different costs when generating revenues (Harris, 1999). For instance, a business has to pay workers’ wages, rent, and supply for raw materials. When revenues generated from business operations exceed the total business running expenses, a business is said to be making profits. Therefore, by definition, profit is a financial gain derived from various business operations. Businesses develop operational plans to generate maximum revenues to achieve financial objectives. Proper planning for the profit that a business has to generate is necessary if the business has to survive in the long run. According to Harris (1999), profit planning is a process of determining and developing plans of operation so that maximum profits can be generated by a business entity. For a firm to realize this, it should define the steps that need to be taken in order to achieve the desired profits from its operations (Harris, 1999). Profit planning The profit planning process involves looking at various operational expenses with an aim of determining what should be performed to ensure steady revenue generation (Harris, 1999). Businesses focus on various business expenses such as production costs, raw materials costs, tax obligations, workers’ salaries, maintenance costs, as well as sales and marketing costs. On the other hand, firms look at the possible revenues that can be gained from the sale of the end product. This is done by assessing market conditions and designing price models that allow the firm to remain competitive in the market (Harris, 1999). According to Harris (1999), profit planning offers businesses many advantages. It is necessary for evaluating the overall business operation efficiency over a specified period. Any profit shortfall is identified through the evaluation. This is then rectified by initiating changes in business operations to increase profits in the subsequent periods. It also creates awareness about responsibilities that managers should take in achieving set targets. Also, this controls measures that can be taken to achieve the set goals. Profit planning also serves as a tool through which business expenditures can be compared to budgets. Firms identify cost excesses and design ways of reducing unnecessary costs and overspending by comparing the expenses to the budgetary allocations (Harris, 1999). Profit planning also helps in the future planning of the business. Harris (1999) argued that the process offers an opportunity for managers to think of the current financial position of the firm and plan for the desired position in the next period. This helps in the identification of opportunities t
When the third wave millennium came by, many opportunities came up, and people could travel around the world. The historical perspectives of change, comparison and conversion are what made traveling possible. This essay expounds on how these three Cs of history affected cultures of different groups of people. There was a well educated monk from china who enjoyed travelling to the west with the purpose of spreading religion. When he compared his religion to religions in western countries, he realized that his sect lacked some important scriptures. He and other passionate members organized and carried out a study on Buddhism and later integrated it into Chinese. One of his major recordings is the Western Part Records. Marco Polo was among the travelers who travelled around the globe. He grew up in Italy, and when he was eighteen years old, he travelled to China with his father and uncle. What made their journey necessary was the big change of the Mongols and the peace in the transcontinental kingdom. Polo noticed that this city was one of the most civilized cities in the world. According to him, it had many unique features. Notably, the city had one hundred miles of compass and high bridges. The bridges were very high but convenient enough to allow the crossing of horses and cars. The city also had twelve guilds; each with a different type of craft. These guilds had houses where 12,000 workers lived. All craftsmen in this city had jobs to do. The guilds also made the city unique. Ibn Battuta was another notable traveler. He was a citizen of Morocco and very instrumental in spreading religi
Introduction The Man Who Was Almost a Man is a psychological, economical, moral, and social age development story from childhood to manhood by Richard Wright. The story chronicles the growth story of Dave, the protagonist, from his childhood to manhood. The story describes the experiences that the young man undergoes while trying to prove his manhood. Dave tries to seek respect, recognition, and honor from the people around him after feeling limited, confined, and caged in the childhood category. He finds a way to gain manhood respect by proving to the people that he is no longer a child. This paper will highlight the psychological, social, moral, and economic age growth of the protagonist and the experiences that make him recognize his actual position of growth. Coming of age Dave, a seventeen- year- old young man, decides to seek power and respect that he feels he deserves as a proof of his adulthood. He plans to visit the local guns store with the hope that his mother will allow him to own a gun through his hard-earned cash from working in Mr. Hawkins’ fields. Dave visits Joe, the shopkeeper, but at first, his courage to ask for the gun drains. Nevertheless, he finally manages to convince Joe to lend him a catalog overnight (Wright 2). Fortunately, Dave manages to secure an old gun of 2 dollars, which he carries home in the late dark evening. On his arrival at home, Mrs. Saunders, his mother, notices the catalog with his son. Dave manages to convince her mother that the family needs a gun. During supper, Dave becomes uncomfortable with his young brother and father’s presence and decides to ask for gun money from his mother instead of the father. Dave confirms from the mother whether his boss, Mr. Hawkins, has paid for his work in the field in order to use the money to purchase the gun. However, the mother states that the money can only be used for better things like education as opposed to funding a silly idea like owning a gun. Nevertheless, Dave manages to secure two dollars from his mom to purchase the gun, but under one condition that he would directly hand it to her after the purchase. After Dave purchases the gun, he walks around the fields feeling secure, but under great fear on how to use it. He decides to wait for the darkness, as he would feel more comfortable to carry it when everyone is asleep. On his arrival at home, Dave puts the gun under his pillow instead of giving it to his mother as agreed earlier (Wright 7). During the night, the mother confronts Dave and demands to be given the gun; however, Dave lies that he left it outside and thus he can only retrieve it in the morning. In the morning, Dave retrieves his gun and immediately he holds it, a sense of being powerful engulfs his body. He now feels that he has the power to do as he wills. Therefore, he decides to carry it to the fields. He accidentally collides with Mr. Hawkins, but he lies that he wants to start his work in the field. By chance, Dave meets Jenny and head to the furthest end of the fields so that no one can hear gunshots. He studi
Introduction In the writing of a book, an author always has an objective in mind, which he hopes to have achieved by the end of the writing. This applies to both fiction and scholarly writing, classifications which make books meet the needs of varied audiences. This essay seeks to analyze a scholarly writing on human resource management. To this end, a general overview of a particular book shall be provided before the discussion narrows on the key reasons that drove the authors to settle on the particular topic as well as the objectives that they intend to attain. The methodology that they use in the meeting of the objectives has also been given a critical mention, in the latter part of the discussion. In the provision of support to various elements of discussion raised, a number of external sources shall be considered. These include other books and electronic journals. The contents of these sources shall, however, serve a reinforcement purpose, to give strength to the theories raised by the primary authors. Rationale Human Resource management is a key component of all properly working establishments (CNN, 2009). This is because even for the most technologically savvy establishments there needs to be an input of human labor in order to get the systems to operate at utmost efficiency levels (Jonathan, 2010). Over the years, it has come to the realization of various scholars that the human component of any given institution is the most vital in guaranteeing its stability (Conaty and Ram, 2011). This basically means that if the workers are not working up to the ideal optimum, then the inadequacy will be well reflected in the image of the company (Merkle, 2002). In the book Human Resource Management , by Angelo DeNisi and Ricky Griffin, the authors seek to explain how a company’s manpower can be well managed through a combination of both traditional and modern approaches for maximizing output. In their writing, the authors help the readers understand learn the functions of the human resource department in a company, which range from staffing to the enhancement of the motivation of the members of staff, as well as the addressing of payment and other associated benefits (DeNisi and Griffin, 2007). The targeted audiences of this book are individuals whose career focus is directed towards general management. In this regard, the authors ensure that all components of effective human resource management are covered including the proper management of diversity, and the fostering of proper relationships between the members of staff and the institution. The authors argue that a healthy human resource department is the key to a well functioning company (DeNisi and Griffin, 2007
The matter of population growth has been a prominent social and economic issue in the last few centuries. Consequently, experts have tried to predict population patterns with the view of aligning global planning matters. Nevertheless, most of the population trends that have transpired in the course of history have caught the world by surprise. Population levels only began to grow exponentially in the last two centuries. Before this period, the world was experiencing very slow growth in population. For example, the world’s population hit the one billion mark in 1800 and since then global inhabitants have reached more than six billion. With these unprecedented population increments, there are deep concerns as to whether the world has enough resources for all of us. Although technology has played a great part in the sustenance of the global economy, the rising competition for global resources such as water and land is a cause for concern. Another trend that has been rising concern in regards to overpopulation is the food prices that have been increasing uniformly across the world. One of the earliest authorities on the subject of population growth is Thomas Malthus. In 1798, Malthus wrote an essay titled “An Essay on the Principle of Population” and it had grim predictions when it comes to overpopulation (Holdren & Ehrlich 2004). According to Malthus, the earth’s resources could only support a population of approximately three billion. Furthermore, any growth in population beyond this point would only lead to a scenario where the earth would ‘react’ by autocorrecting the population issue through catastrophic means. This essay supports Malthus’ concept of the need to keep the population growth in check but it does not align with his mass reduction approach. The population increase that has occurred since Malthus made his predictions has not done so under the conditions that he envisioned. Consequently, even though he was right to caution people about population growth, he was wrong about the earth’s carrying capacity. The resource-capacity of the world can only occur through incremental means while the population has been growing exponentially. For example, in 1800 the population of the world stood at one billion. However, the population doubled in the next century and by 1900 there were approximately 2 billion global inhabitants (Smail 2002). One of the facts that Malthus might not have considered is that a reduction in mortality would have significant effects on the rate of population growth. The industrial revolution that occurred in the early 1900s had a significant effect on both resource-generation capacity and reduction in mortality rates. By the mid-twentieth century, the global population was growing at unprecedented rates. For ins