ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background The Rohingya crisis in Myanmar has become quite notorious over the past few weeks. Also known as the Rohingya insurgency, it has been started by the members of the local Muslim minority population as a response to continuous acts of violence and abuse toward them by Buddhist residents ( BBC News 2015). The members of the Rakhnine Buddhist community, which is also located in the Rohingya region, have been attacking the Muslim community extensively in 2016-2017 ( BBC News 2015). While the specified aggression might seem unexpected at first, a closer look at the relationships between Rakhnine Buddhists and Muslims will reveal that the representatives of the identified cultures have been at odds since 1947, when the separatist movement was started among the members of the Muslim population to separate themselves from the Burmese population both culturally and geopolitically, resulting in numerous confrontations ( BBC News 2015). Placed in the identified perspective, the 2016-2017 conflict no longer seems unprecedented, yet it remains extremely violent and, thus, requires immediate actions aimed at stifling it and helping the opponents reconcile. The process of peace-making, however, cannot be started without the assistance of intermediaries, who do not seem to be too eager to help (Khan et al. 2016). Although not supporting the violence that the Buddhist population displays toward the Rohingya people, western states seem to alienate themselves from the specified problem. The unwillingness of the western community to assist the vulnerable population of Rohingya and contribute to further reconciliation seems odd and needs to be explored more. Thus, a profound foundation for providing assistance to the members of the Rohingya community can be created, and the strategies for making the confrontation cease to exist can be designed. Furthermore, possible cultural issues can be addressed so that similar issues could be avoided in the future. At present, it is assumed that a combination of prejudices toward Muslim people, the economic challenges associated with supporting Rohingya refugees, and the fear of engaging in the situation that may turn out to be entirely unmanageable should be listed among the primary obstacles on the way to handling the conflict with the help of western states. Indicative/Notional Argument The crisis in Rohingya has become notorious over the past few years due to the intensity of the conflict and the de
Revolutions are radical changes in political power brought about by people’s dissatisfaction with the regime prevailing in the country. One of the most popular beliefs about the origins of revolutions is that “misery breeds revolt.” 1 This idea presupposes that people are likely to rise against their rulers if the latter makes the life of the former unbearable. While this argument is a viable explanation of revolutions, it is still not sufficient since revolts occur in some countries but do not happen in others. Several circumstances can affect the development of revolutions, such as the level of impoverishment in a society, the degree of inequality, and the division along with ethnic connections. Other factors include officials’ corruption, military forces’ dedication to the people, the level of armament, the country’s traditional ways of protesting against social injustice, and the likelihood of other states interfering with the country’s revolutionary movements. 2 However, as DeFronzo remarks, despite the existence of a variety of circumstances, there are five principal factors most likely to cause the correct climate for a revolution. The first of such crucial elements are the mass frustration of the people that leads to popular uprisings in rural or urban locations. In this case, many citizens become dissatisfied with the authorities’ methods, which results in rebellions and protests against the government. 3 Historical evidence indicates that peasant rebellions play an important role in agricultural societies that are not well-developed in terms of technology. 4 The second factor is dissident political movements in which elites are engaged. Due to the emergence of divisions among different elite groups, some of their members become opposed to the government. 5 The third decisive element is represented by “unifying motivations.” 6 Under these circumstances, compelling catalysts for revolution “cut across”
Introduction Project-close-out marks the finalization of all project activities in all phases. The objective is to close a project in a formal way followed by making a transfer of the cancelled or otherwise completed project to the owners. Large project-closeout techniques may apply upon the completion of each phase. However, various retainage issues may emerge during project closeout. This paper discusses these issues. Importance Closeout in Construction Contracts Projects are constrained by time and monetary resources. In their execution, various challenges that cause financial risks and delays may occur. To ensure that such risks do not occur in similar projects in the future, construction projects must reach the crucial and final step of closeout (Koffman and Macdonald 107). At this stage, a project is assessed, documented lessons learned, completion realized, and guidelines provided on the best practices that need adoption in future similar projects. This strategy helps in avoiding repetition of mistakes or risks that could be mitigated even before a project has been initiated. Effects of Certificate of Completion or Substantial Completion on Retainage Certificate of completion or substantial completion serves as a conclusive document indicating that the employer, through the contract administrator, is satisfied with works executed and quality of materials and goods supplied for the whole project or part of the project (Dentons par.1). Retainage acts as the shiel
Occupational Focus Living Longer Living Better policy pointed out that “The current aged care system does not place sufficient emphasis on wellness and restorative care” ( Living Longer Living Better: Aged care reform package , 2012). The policy also mentioned that the occupational level of aged care is one of the largest and employs over 15% of RNs and about 64% of personal carers ( Living Longer Living Better: Aged care reform package , 2012). In that way, the authors of the policy demonstrated a clear vision of the disadvantages of the aged care approaches and practices and used to be in place previously. World Federation of Occupational Therapists (n.d.) added that the primary focus of the policy is optimising and rationalising the existing resources to achieve better efficiency. As noted by Braveman and Metzler (2012), the reforming is relevant to OT because it is likely to expand its role in the health care system and its preventative activities, the practices targeted at the promotion of healthy lifestyle and wellness. Examples Rudolph, Caplan, Ben-Moshe, and Dillon (2012) use the public health issue of obesity as one of the aspects that require reforming and can be positively impacted by it. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2004), the older population of Australia (55 and older) has been strongly affected by the problem of excessive weight and conditions related to it such as diabetes and hypertension (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). Reforming the sector of health care working specifically with the ageing population will address this challenge and optimise the practices promoting healthy lifestyle and diet thus helping to reduce the rates of conditions connected to obesity. For instance, the prevalence of hypertension that affects 11% of the Australian older population can be minimised via the enablement of such practices as the communication between the health care providers and patients (nurse-led reach out programs, email and phone reminder systems, provision of education and the improvement of literacy for better self-care). Moreover, the preventive practices and measures can become more effective. Their optimisation is likely to increase the precision of screenings for various age-related mental health problems such as Alzheimer’s and dementia that can be addressed if diagnosed at the early stages. These conditions are rather common among the aging population of Australia; currently, about 2.7% of the Australian older citizens report that these two conditions are the drivers of mental o
Marketing Considerations for Quaker oats The art of marketing starts when a product is produced, and stops when the product is transferred to the open market. Marketing strategy determines how a product is sold. A well-planned marketing strategy influences the sale and profit of products. For product such as Quaker oats, the market is a homogenous one and the chance for a close substitute is slim. Quaker oats is a seasonal product, and that means it sells better at varying times. The presence and sustainability of the product can guarantee its sale for a very long time (Chris & Dale, 1997). Thus, a good marketing strategy defines how such a product will thrive against all the odds in a competitive market. The marketing mix for Quaker oats includes the product, time, place, customer, convenience shopping, and specialty. The Customer’s Importance The most important variable for a product to sell is the customer. Market demographics divide the population size of the market into subgroups. For Oatmeal Company, the market demographics cut across all ages. Children and the aged are the major targets for the product. Remember, that the best way to sell a product is to have a customer friendly product. The appeal a product can give to the customer can influence the market value of the product. Market segmentation is considered when products are homogenous. The market is divided into various segments such as the standard of living of the population, the location of the customer and the satisfaction that the customer derives from consuming Quaker oats. One key market consideration for Oatmeal Company is that the product must be designed specifically for a target group. A customer, who is aware that a product is made for him, will be convinced to buy the product (Chris & Dale, 1997). Product Differentiation A well package product can influence the customer’s appeal. The price and the content color contribute to what is referred to as a well-packaged product. The customer is willing to buy a product that has a perfect market mix, or that is packaged with the essential characteristics of a high quality product. Thus, a good market executive will consider a combination of variables to get a perfect product characteristic that will meet the customer’s need and satisfaction. The availability of Quaker oats at all times will influence a customer’s desire to patronize the product. The price of the commodity determines how much sales and profits are made on the product. This variable is critical in selling any product. The customer is motivated by the price of Quaker oats and that influences his willingness to buy, and forget other close substitutes. If the price of Quaker oats is high, it will drive away customers and that will reduce sales. The price variation is a difficult aspect to consider, because it is the quickest way to either lose a customer or make a profit (Chris & Dale, 1997). Product promotion A promotion of products is as important as adverts for the product. Customers are vulnerable to aggressive marketing. Therefore, telling your customers that you have the right product for t
Introduction Advanced practice nurses are among the key players in the primary care environment, as they usually have a broader scope of responsibilities than other nurses. Besides delivering care to patients, APNs are engaged in developing treatment plans and supervise other healthcare staff (Gyin, Sottas, Odermatt, & Essig, 2019). APNs are trained in one of the four recognized APN roles: Nurse Practitioner (NP), Certified Nurse-Midwives (CNM), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS), and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA). Each of these roles impacts APNs’ practice settings and experience. The present paper will explain the four APN roles in greater depth and provide a rationale for choosing the CNP role. Additionally, the paper will consider plans for clinical practice and discuss the role transition from RN to CNP. Four APN Roles The four APN roles define the area of specialization and vary in terms of their breadth. In addition to initial education in nursing and licensing, all roles require a Master’s or Doctorate degree and certification. Certified Nurse-Midwives deliver primary and gynecologic care to women and are involved in reproductive health care, as well as in prenatal and postpartum care (American Nurse, 2017). Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists provide various types of anesthesia in different settings (American Nurse, 2017). They can offer pain management services in primary care or work in pediatric, obstetric, surgical, and dental care settings. Clinical Nurse Specialists and Clinical Nurse Practitioners have a broader practice area than the first two roles. According to American Nurse, CNSs “practice across the lifespan and in all settings, and provide support and expertise to other nurses, physicians, hospital systems, and patients” (para. 8). Their role often includes managing complex patients and supporting care integration, and they can also specialize in a specific population, health problem, or setting. Finally, CNPs usually work in primary care settings and “provide care across the wellness-illness continuum” (American Nurse, 2017, para. 4). Depending on their education program, CNPs can be prepared to work in acute or specialty care (American Nurses Association, n.d.). Hence, each of the four APN roles impacts nurses’ practice scope and specialty. The rationale for Choosing the CNP Role The primary reason why I chose the CNP role is that it offers the most flexibility in terms of practice scope. As explained by Gyin et al. (2018), CNPs have an “expanded scope of practice in diagnosing, prescribing, treating, and referring patients” (p. 1). Depending on the specific population focus, CNPs can provide services to families, older adults, children, infants, or women, as well as offer mental health services. This means that, as a CNP, I will be able to have a significant influence on the health outcomes of my community. The potential i
Analyzing history, it can be seen that the consequent event are always interrelated with many factors that affect the further development of a nation or a society. In that regard, the dominance of Europe in the economic and the political world, between 1400 and 1700, can be seen as an example of such factors, where European dominated despite other parts of the world, such as China being equally developed. Thus, this module’s theme is “European domination of Trade and Christianity influence on culture of Africa, Asia and the Americas”, stating that the combination of religion and trade were the driving force for Europe at that time. The religion were diverse on either parts of the world, where in addition to Abrahamic religions, people in Southeast Asia practiced a kind of animism, a belief that “spiritual powers inhabited natural objects.” (McKay, p. 430). Religion practices included Hindu, Buddhism and Confucianism, however, none of these religions can be said to have the religious expansion ideas that Christianity and Islam had. In that regard, Christianity competed with Islam for religious beliefs of South Asian people. Religion itself was not the only factor for expansion, where the trade has been a major factor for Europe at the time, eager for luxury goods from and east, and specifically spices (p. 434). In that regard, the Europeans had dual goals, which are spreading Christianity, and trading goods. Similarly, relating the religion to trade it can be seen, that Islam also played a role in that matter, where they spread their religion invading parts in South East Asia and Africa, heavily influencing the slave trade in the latter. The competition for such dominance can be seen as a factor for the technological development, where “[t]echnological developments in shipbuilding, weaponry, and navigation provided another impetus for European expansion”(p. 436). The vision of expansion sponsored by the government was also a combination of the trade and the religion factors, where based on such motives the new world was discovered. Although trade can be seen among the main factors and consequences in the settlement, among the non intended consequences of the settlement of the new world was bringing European diseases to American continents, which killed millions of the native population. Among the consequences of such phenomenon was the shortage of labor in the new world, which combined with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, created a demand for slaves, the trade of which, drastically expanded. The same consequences affected Africa as well, which became a major source for slave trade during that period. Although the largest portion of slave trade was involving the Atlantic slave trade to the Americas, there were many slaves that were brought to Europe working as servants. Accordingly the Africa was also dominated by the combination of
Introduction As the play commences, Nora appears perfectly happy and she acts as if she was more of a child than wife to Torvald (Ibsen 2). She is apparently excited about the extra income that her husband’s job would bring to the family. In as much as she is treated as if she is a doll, it does not seem to bother her in the least. However, she is put in a difficult position when Krogstand blackmails her because of the laws she had broken to save her husband’s life and he realized he might be compromised. In fact, he condemns her without regard to her efforts. She radically changes her nature and turns from a timid and submissive doll of a wife to a cold-hearted woman with bitterness enough to cause her to abandon her husband and children. The abandonment of the latter is even more unreasonable since they had played no role in the betrayal (Baseer, Alvi and Zafran 2). This begs the question regarding whether she was the architect of her problems or not. In addition, it is relevant to ask whether she was a villain or victim of her circumstances. Given actions at the end of the play, she may appear to be a villain, but, in fact, she is a victim of her circumstances she was driven to her decision by the blackmail and betrayal of people whose actions she could not control. A summary and an analytical abstract Stephen Forward talks about the book as a revolutionary step for women in the 19th century and suggests that the critics rightfully enquired if dramatic walking out of Nora from her home was the end of the world or the beginning of a new one (Forward 24). Nora is presented as a paradox of sorts. The audience is left wondering if she is displaying fundamental selfishness and intransigence or only trying to retake control of her life outside the familiar context. At the end of the day, Forward argues that she is triumphant and expressive, brave and uncompromising, but, at the same time, immoral, self-destructive and irresponsible as a parent (Forward 24). Finney insists that the assumption that Nora’s argument is too radical and he cites the line “I would never dream of doing anything you did not want me to…”, (Ibsen 34). Evidently, despite all indications to the simplicity and childishness of Nora, she was a complicated woman and despite her desire to include her husband in everything she did, circumstances forced her to conceal a great deal and later it results in the ultimate falling out. Rutledge, in The Marrying Kind suggests that Ibsen introduced Nora to the audience not based on who she was, but the condition under which she lived (Rutledge 70). For example, in the opening scene, she is shown secretly eating snacks and this gives the impression that she
Data mining can be defined as the process through which crucial data patterns can be identified from a large quantity of data. Data mining finds its applications in different industries due to a number of benefits that can be derived from its use. Various methods of data mining include predictive analysis, web mining, and clustering and association discovery (Han, Kamber and Pei, 2011). Each of these has a number of benefits to a business. In predictive analysis, analytical models are used to deliver solutions. Using this model, a business can uncover hidden data which can be utilized for the purposes of identifying trends and therefore, predicting the future. This method requires a business to define the problem before data can be explored. There is also development of predictive models that must be tested. Finally, these models are applied in the population identification and in the prediction of behavior. The process followed helps a business to identify its current position in relations to the industry (Simsion and Witt, 2004). From this, businesses can plan on how best they can improve their positions in relation to other companies in the industry. The trends obtained from analysis of the acquired data can be used for the purpose of planning which might further give a company an edge over its competitors. In association discovery, the main aim is to discover correlation among different items that make up a shopping basket. The knowledge of these correlations is important in the development of effective marketing strategies. This is possible due to the insight gained on products that customers purchase together. This method of data analysis can also help retailers in the design layout of their stores. In this layout, the retailer can