ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The telecom industry in UK provides information and communication services such as voice and data delivery. The industry has realized significant growth in the last three decades and is currently at its maturity stage (Streel, 2010, pp. 210-260). The industry is completely deregulated following the implementation of the 2003 Communication Act. Consequently, many firms have joined the industry thereby increasing competition. The steady growth in the industry is attributed to advancement in technology which facilitates product and process innovation (Hsuan and Mahnke, 2011, pp. 154-165). The growth is also attributed to high demand for mobile phone and data services. This paper analyzes the telecom industry in UK. The competitiveness of the market and the influence of the macroeconomic environment on the performance of the industry will be illuminated. Current Industry Overview Top Ten Firms in the Industry The recent deregulation of the industry has led to elimination of most of the entry barriers. Besides, advancement in information and communication technology has led to the development of new products such as online TV services. This has resulted in to high demand in the industry thus prompting more firms to join it. Currently, the following firms are the market leaders in the industry. The top ten firms include, Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile, British Telecom, Gamma, O2, Avaya, Vodat Telecoms, Cable and Wireless and Analysys (Cadman and Helen, 2010, pp. 320-364). Current Market Conditions The market is characterized by intense competition especially in the mobile and broadband segments. This has led to a significant fall in consumer prices (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). However, growth is expected to accelerate due to investments in next generation technologies and an ever increasing demand for data and mobile phone services. Since the market is at its maturity stage, most firms are consolidating their market shares through mergers and diversification of products. Competitiveness and Market Share The industry is characterized by high competition in all segments. The market shares of firms providing mobile phone services are as follows. O2 commands 26% of the market, Vodafone’s market share is 24%, Orange’s market share is 21%, followed by T-Mobile with 17% and the rest is shared by small operators (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). Market shares for the top five firms in the broadband segment are as follows. British Telecom leads with 62.5%, NTL/Telewire is second with 16.7%, TalkTalk is third with 10%, Homecall commands 2.5%, Sky Talk commands 2.1% and the rest is shared by small firms (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). British Telecom is the main provider of fixed wire call services. Concentration Rations The mobile phone segment has the highest concentration of 89% since it has only four firms (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). The internet service segment has the
It is beyond doubt that the release of Frozen planet has triggered anxiety and celebration as a natural history documentary. This can be backed up by the interesting coverage of the documentary which takes the Pavlovian cues and the marvelous dramatic pullback zooms that resemble the production of Planet Earth and Life or the Blue planet. David Attenborough goes from the northern to the southern hemisphere, a distance of 15,000 miles in the coverage of the documentary hence bringing the two geographical regions together in a documentary. He appears on camera other than producing the voice-over, a role that he has played for many years to show the extraordinary dimension of the documentary. It is vivid that most of the natural history documentaries never lack “ holy shit ” that ends up amazing most viewers hence the astounding shots in Frozen planet. Some of these shots include the wolf attacks and lightning attacks that cause death. Nevertheless, I am very pleased by the fact that the documentary does not only specialize in the wild creatures in the cold geographical regions but also focuses on the life of the people who habit such places. In the documentary, Attenborough gives his own viewpoint comparing the Antarctic and Arctic. He is not implicit but explicit while showing the peculiar changes that are taking place at the north and south poles and goes further into addressing the creatures that take advantage of environmental changes. He covers the astonishing transformation of the polar geographical areas and leaves it to the viewers to make their own judgment on the causes. Besides the child stories of “ Mother nature’s creation ,” the documentary also depicts the unfair and vindictiveness nature of the wild. Shots of the battle between wolves and muskoxen are captured. This does not leave behind the seals and their orca hunting skills. It is also fundamental to note that Frozen planet is child-friendly. This means that children find it interesting as it is featured as a cheat for those who are willing to watch the longer version. In addition, one can also decide to watch the complete documentary with an isolated sore of tracks. This can apply in most cases at parties where one plays the documentary in su
Introduction Dubai is one of the leading economic hubs in the Asian continent, attracting traders from various parts of the world. According to Tumlin (48), the infrastructural development in the City of Dubai over the past two decades has seen it become a major economic hub in this region. Transport within this city has become a major issue of concern as it finds itself hosting an increasing number of people who come for business transactions or to tour the country. Transport system is one of the most important infrastructures that the government of Dubai has spent a lot on to ensure that there is ease of flow of people from one geographic area to another. The field of transport in Dubai has attracted attention of many scholars who have conducted researches on the same. In this section of the research, the focus will be to analyze some of their works in order to have a better understanding about the modes of transport within this city. The research will analyze secondary sources of information, especially books, journal articles and reliable internet sources. According to Dawidowicz (19), a piece of research is important in developing the existing knowledge in a given field of study. Literature review will play a major role in the development of this research. It will form the basis upon which the hypothesis will be developed for analysis purposes in chapter four. The review of the literature will also help in answering research questions that were developed in the research proposal. Finally, the literature will help give the research a sound background upon which reliable conclusions and recommendations can be made about the transport system in the City of Dubai. The researcher will be keen to provide the comprehensive literatures about modes of transport in this city, including literatures of contradicting opinions. It is a fact that not all the existing literatures have unanimous opinions over various is
DQ1 Security What information model would you choose for evaluating data security policies at the department level? Why? How would that information model be used? The information model incorporates all departmental data within the organization. Every department has its own data processing technologies, which it uses to conduct analysis. For instance, the finance department has financial data, the marketing department has data on the consumer trends and sales have data on the demand and supply of the product (McKeen, & Smith 2009). The role of Data Resource Management model is to network data by providing a central point where data is controlled and regulated such that unauthorized persons cannot access it. The information model must meet the following criteria to be incorporated at the departmental level. The first one is that the data resources management model must have back up strategies or security measures to ensure that data cannot be lost even when the machines are not in good condition. The Backup may involve having remote computer storage of data. The second criterion is that the Data resource management system must be firewalled to protect the computer systems from malicious software attacks and other encrypted messages. The data resource should be easy to use, which can be done by training the employees working in the data resource management on how to use the system (Alter, 2011). For the departments to succeed in Data Resource Management in an organization, the data resource system must be implemented in three levels. The first level is the strategic level, which involves aligning the data management system with the business strategic goals. This means that if the business plans to be global, the data resource manager must plan how to secure and process the data. The business strategic plan is important when formulating and designing the information technology architecture and processes to be used in the organization. However, the Data Resource Management system may fail to satisfy the increased demand in future. The second level of evaluating the security as well as the capability of the data resource management is the tactical level (Luftman, 2012). This level involves planning the enterprise resource software to use in data resource management. There is creation of networking infrastructure to connect various departments with in order to create a central data location. The third level of evaluation and implementing data resource system is the where the plans and the decisions made are implemented (McKeen & Smith, 2009). DQ2 Value of Data How is the value of information or data assessed at the department level? Does that differ at other levels? The value of information or data in the departmental levels is assessed differently at the departmental level in comparison to the organizational level. The first reason of assessing this information differently is that it must be relevant to the functions of the department.
Introduction People from specific racial backgrounds and ethnicities exhibit unique cultural attributes, norms, beliefs, practices, and behaviors. Entrepreneurs who want to achieve their business goals must be aware of such aspects and formulate appropriate models to engage employees from different regions. Fortunately, similar social activities and ideologies continue to be recorded in various regions or countries. This paper examines and describes the existing evidence to support the fact that a common business culture is spreading throughout the world. Spreading Business Culture Many organizations and companies have powerful codes of conduct that dictate their employees’ action plans and responsibilities. The term “business culture” refers to the style of operations in a given firm (Adamczyk, 2017). Such a model determines who employees share ideas, communicate with each other, and meet their clients’ needs. Within the past three decades, some convergence in business culture has been observed across the world. Several factors are capable of triggering this outcome. The first one is that of economic and political systems. Many countries and regions have embraced either the communism or capitalism economic moles to pursue their goals. This move has resulted in similar corporate practices, guidelines, and initiatives that can make both public and private corporations successful. Democratic and liberal political ideologies have continued to inform such economic models. The existing leadership styles in many governments in Asia, Africa, America, and Europe have forced corporate managers to promote similar business cultures. The second one is the wave of globalization and it has transformed the nature of interactions between nations. In the world of business, theorists have managed to propose superior cultural attributes that can empower employees and deliver positive results (Hong & Cheon, 2017). This process has also catalyzed the diffusion of business behaviors, ideas, and norms. The engagement in international trade has resulted in cultural globalization whereby similar meanings, business values, and concepts have become common across the world. The third one revolves around the Internet, computers, and advanced communication systems that have transformed the way people share business ideas and knowledge. For example, social media platforms and websit
Introduction The value systems from which organizations derive their culture dictates the ethical behavior of their managers and employees (Jones, 2010). In many companies, especially large firms, managers are supposed to abide by a set of rules that guide them as they discharge their duties. However, an effective organization seeks to balance the interests of all stakeholders to ensure that all groups are minimally satisfied (Sims, 2002). Managers are often faced with ethical dilemmas when confronted with issues that need them to make a decision that weighs heavily on the interests of opposing parties (Jones, 2010). In making appropriate decisions, managers weigh the balance between stakeholders and take actions that will be able to appeal to both parties. Utilitarian Approach The utilitarian approach proposes that managers should focus on providing the most significant benefits for a large number of stakeholders at the lowest cost possible. In essence, managers are supposed to weigh the costs and the benefits of their actions as a way of balancing between two different courses of action (Sims, 2002). The utilitarian approach has been held as the most popular business ethics and management approach because it is in line with some of the business goals, such as profitability, efficiency, and productivity (Jones, 2010). Through profit maximization, managers can argue that they make such decisions to secure and safeguard the greatest god for the most significant number of people. This principle anticipates that if a business decision only brings good to a few people then, such an action will be rendered unsustainable. The Moral Rights Approach According to the moral rights view, one is subject to uphold respect for the rights of other individuals, such as the right to free speech, privacy, and respect for due process. This principle supports that even though an action derives the highest good, it is not actionable if it does not allow others to access their rights (Sims, 2002). The position contemplated by this rule implies that employees are protected even if they report their employer of unethical or illegal activities. With the preceding, managers are constrained to respect individual rights (Jones, 2010). In the interest of the employees, managers may find this rule untenable since the rules may not add up to establish the goals of an organization. The Justice Approach This approach embodies the principles of democracy and serves to safeguard the interests of the minority in society. This approach suggests that managers, in their effort to enforce rules, must endeavor to apply the rules somewhat, impartially, and equitably to ensure equal allocation of resources, costs, and benefits (Jones, 2010). This approach finds application in organizations that have unions. Union members tend to favor this view. The view suggests that people should be paid or rewarded equitably
It is an incontrovertible fact that there will always be more prisoners outside the walls of the gaols of the world than within the confines of such institutions. As W,H.Auden sang in an unusual elegy on the death of W.B. Yeats, each of us “in the cell of himself is almost convinced of his freedom” (197). Meursault, the protagonist of Albert Camus’ L’Etranger (the title having been translated both as The Stranger and The Outsider ) always eludes the grip of the fetters and chains of human society—whether he is merely in the “cell of himself” or in a prison cell. Therefore, in an ultimate and essential sense, he is always free because he can never be imprisoned by the conventions that bind the rest of humanity to their cells of themselves, to each other, to their sometimes ludicrous codes of conduct and behavior, and to their frequently obviously asinine laws and systems of justice. In fact, before he is executed, he succeeds in proving, to the satisfaction of the reader at least, the truth of the assertion that that the law is an ass. The most striking thing about Meursault is his absolute and unshakable honesty. It is almost as if he does not understand the need for dishonesty in a world full of people who are convinced that dishonesty is the best policy. Another admirable quality of Mersault is his refusal to pass judgment on other human beings, for whatever reason. The Biblical promise: “Judge not and ye shall not be judged” may not have been kept to Mersault’s advantage while he was alive—he was judged by one and all, and not merely by the judicial functionary assigned to try the case of this particularly ‘trying’ defendant who did not even try to defend himself, as any defendant is duty bound to do, by the rules of human society. However, three or four generations of readers have perhaps overturned the judgment of that court in their hearts, and paid Meursault the tribute he, without any doubt, deserves, of judgment according to the principles and practices upheld by him and not by the shopworn moth-eaten rules, regulations and traditions of the world. The very beginning of the novel reflects Meursault’s individuality: MOTHER died today. Or, maybe, yesterday; I can’t be sure. The telegram from the Home says: YOUR MOTHER PASSED AWAY. FUNERAL TOMORROW. DEEP SYMPATHY. Which leaves the matter doubtful; it could have been yesterday. What man is this, the reader wonders, who seems so unsure about the date of his mother’s death? The plain fact of it is that most men would find themselves similarly disoriented in such a situation, only they wouldn’t go on talking about it. It cannot, surely, be all that difficult to empathize with the Meursault who feels that “For the present, it’s almost as if Mother weren’t really dead. The funeral will bring it home to me, put an official seal on it, so to speak….. This is surely a sentiment that many men and women in the same situation woul
The 20-th century introduced the industrial spirit to almost every country around the world. The change in the mode of production and a switch to an unfamiliar social system was quite difficult for most nations to put up with. High capital requirements, inherent to the industrial era, forced the majority of countries to create the governmental pool for resources concentration, thus shifting their social and political systems towards an authoritarian type. The amount of power and authority, acquired by administrative structures, was enormous, which made social transformation available. Following this, so-called socialism, with its principles of equal consumption and social equality, was employed in some twisted forms. As a result, the citizens of those countries turned into hostages of their government, or, at least, that is what was observed from the outside. This significant change was reflected in the literature of that period. A new type of society – capitalistic one – was discussed there, yet, the principal amount of works were dedicated to the author’s vision of probable future, which seemed utterly unpredictable. Such works, like Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell (2017) and “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut (1961), made a considerable contribution to this subject by developing their own perspective of the future. It usually included adverse circumstances and negative outcomes of a government’s poor decisions. Despite the time gone by, no one has a clear image of what might happen; that is why the topic is still actual. This paper will analyze one of the books mentioned, namely “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut, and provide a reasonable opinion on its content. Summary of the Novel The story takes place in 2081, 120 years after the date of the book’s release when the new amendments to the Constitution have been introduced. According to those standards, there can be no outstanding features in any citizen. All of them should be equal in the sense that some inherent characteristics ought to be hidden by masks when it comes to beauty or heavy weights if someone is healthy or well-built. The laws are enforced by various government agents, watching the citizens all the time and punishing those who would not obey. Then the author illustrates a family, which is, by definition, is standard and, as usual, watches a ballet on television. The only difference is that unlike the other families, this one has just lost one of its members – the son, named Harrison, taken against his will by the government. He is a clear representation of everything forbidden in this society: intelligent, attractive, and incredibly brave; the usual mechanism can not suppress the boy. Consequently, the only way to eliminate such a threat is to isolate him. Despite that loss, the family does not seem to grieve – the couple f
Introduction The subject of happiness is almost as ancient as philosophy itself. Many scholars, starting with Ancient Greek philosophers and ending with modern scientists and psychologists, pondered the question of what constitutes happiness, how important it is in our lives, and how could it be best achieved. Modern science is yet to achieve a consensus on whether it is possible or not to provide a universal ‘receipt’ for happiness. The empirical data on the matter is not conclusive. The researchers are split into two camps – one camp is in favor of developing universal techniques for inducing happiness, while the other is uncertain and cautious about the psychologists making a public announcement on the matter. This paper shall analyze the “Yes” article, written by Julia Boehm and Sonja Lyubomirsky, and the strength of the argument it presents. Premises and Conclusions The argument is built upon three premises. Let us look at each of these premises and grade them based on five criteria, those being acceptability, consistency, credibility, support for the conclusion, and missing components. There are differences between how happy and unhappy people perceive the world Grade: Strong. This is a perfectly acceptable premise. Its evaluation is consistent, and it offers sources and empirical data as a base of evidence. The premise supports the conclusion albeit in an indirect way, instead of serving to relay the reader to another premise by stating that happy people, in general, employ certain mechanisms and strategies to facilitate a positive worldview. However, this premise does not give enough credit to circumstantial factors, instead of dismissing it at the very beginning. Unhappy people can learn strategies to achieve sustainable happiness Grade: Moderate. This appears to be the concluding premise of the text, which is instead put in the middle for some reason and serves as a transition point towards the next premise involving intentional activity. It acknowledges the possibility of unhappy people to learn how to be happy. However, the represented point is moot, which does not help support the conclusion. This premise admits that it lacks data, which would clear out whether the strategies cause happiness or are more likely to be practiced by people who are already happy. Intentional activities are the basis of Happiness interventions Grade: Strong. This premise is well-supported by research, and it describes several different strategies that could be implemented to achieve short-term happiness. It lends a lot of credibility to the conclusion, as the initial researches say that these techniques could ensure long-term happiness so long as they are not repetitive and interchangeable. The article concludes with a quote that a “man is the artificer of his own happi