ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary Cognitive development in children has been related to good and appropriate nutrition in children. Postnatal development is a very important aspect in life. It is at the postnatal stage that most development in human beings takes place maximally. Many studies have justified the effects of nutrition in most of the development. The main organ in the body that has been emphasized in these studies is the brain. For proper development of the cognitive features, it is important that a child eats the right food. The neural system requires certain nutrient that helps in informational transfer hence the cognitive aspect of a human being. Socio-economic status of a people, community, region or country may contribute to the different cognitive development of children or pre-school kids. Inability to provide the essential needs such as the social status, education, wealth and health may affect the development of kid’s brain. Social factor is essential for a people’s bargaining power. Purchasing of goods and services depends on the socio-economic status. Another study involved the learning of a second language by children. This was done among the Spanish kids whose first language was Latin while the second was English. Most studies show that kids developed stronger base for one language than the other. For instance, if a child knew more of English, then the kid will have fewer skills for Latin. However, those kids with strong affiliation for both languages were very intelligent. These studies also suggest that learning in English was a prudent step in the development of language in Children. Supplements have also tremendous effects on kid’s cognitive development. It has been noted form the studies that there are certain components of essential body nutrients that lack in mother’s milk in the period after six months of breast feeding. Cognitive Development This form of development is a branch of studies in neural science. It focuses majorly on language learning, perceptual skills, conceptual resources, processing of information and also other forms of development connected to the brain. Most of the studies here have touched on nutrition and supplements. Among the supplements discussed are the iron, folic acid and zinc (Siegel et al., 2011). The deficiencies of these nutrients have been related to neuro-cognitive defects. Studies were done on children from Nepal. Cluster randomization and controlled placebo trials were done using daily supplementation of 5mg zinc, 25 microgram folic acid and 6.25mg of iron. An alterna
World history is varied and it is possible to consider different regimes and policies applied in the societies. Having read the words by Ronald Reagan that, “Concentrated power has always been the enemy of liberty”, I have remembered about French revolution, the event which can be considered as the beginning of the Age of Absolutism. It is impossible to disagree with Reagan as even the history proves this. Absolutism is a regime in the history of many countries when the whole power was concentrated in the hands of one person. This person was not limited by the rules and laws and could act according to personal will and intentions. This person was actually the law. Defining the notion ‘absolutism’, it is important to state that this regime covers many years and historians began to characterize it in such a way after the system has gone. It means that the contemporaries of Louis XIV did not use this term, but preferred to use the word-combination “absolute power of the crown” (Beik 3), which they understood as the “concentration of sovereign authority in the hands of the king” (Beik 3). Coming out of this definition, it should be stated that human rights are not protected, a ruler can do whatever he/she wants. Liberty is based on the principle of freedom and the ability to according to personal intentions and desires. Considering French absolutism in practice it is important to refer to the reasons of French revolution. The power was concentrated in hands of one person, Louis XIV and he “administrated control of his nation-state with an iron hand, keeping the nobility in check” (McNeese 27). Human dissatisfaction with the regime may be explained by the autocratic behavior from Louis XIV’s side. Having the whole power in his hands and governing a state, Louis XIV understood that without strict rules, order cannot be implemented. However, people heed to have freedom, they should have an opportunity to choose what they want and how they want to do it. The absence of liberty, the absence of choice always results in rebellions. Referring to France, the rebellion became a revolution which destroyed absolute regime. It should be noted that while the country prospered, people were satisfied with the autocratic and absolute regime, as the absence of liberty was covered by high level of life. However, when the country’s economy began to weaken, people began to notice that the whole power is concentrated in hands of their monarch and they do not have rights at all. When people began to notice that leading poor lives they are also restricted in their actions, they began to express their dissatisfaction. King’s desire to suppress the rebellion awaked powerful counteraction which resulted in monarchy subversion in three years (McNeese 27). Considering the absolutism as the power concentration in the hands of one person and referencing to French revolution, I have stated that the revolution was caused by the people’s dissatisfaction with autocratic regime. Besides,
Several beekeepers first reported Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) in the US during the winter of 2006-2007. The disorder is characterized by the loss of between 30-90% of worker bees (Ellis, Evans and Pettis 2015). This phenomenon has been an issue of concern among beekeepers, environmentalists, and the general public (Ellis et al. 2015). It is important to note that over 50% of the world’s plants rely on worker bees for pollination (Moore and Kosut 2013, 44). With the mass loss of worker bees, it is believed that the world will suffer a significant loss of its vegetation. The U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) describes the disorder as: During the winter of 2006-2007, some beekeepers began to report unusually high losses of 30-90% of their hives. As many as 50 percent of all the affected colonies demonstrated symptoms inconsistent with any known cause of honeybee death: sudden loss of the colony’s worker bee population with very few dead bees found near the colony. The queen and the brood remained, and the colonies had relatively abundant honey and pollen. However, hives cannot sustain themselves without worker bees and would eventually die. (Moore and Kosut 2013, 42). Entomologists and beekeepers agree that bee colonies have significantly dwindled and disappeared (EPA n.d). However, the current phenomenon is dangerous, as no one seems to know where the bees are going. The ongoing bee colony’s disappearance is unique in its ways since no one can attest that Colony Collapse Disorder has led to bees’ mass death. In essence, in the event of bees dying, dead bees would be found near the hives. This has not been the case with CCD as there are no available dead bees in or near hives (EPA n.d). Scientists are left in confusion, trying to explain what could have triggered worker bee colonies’ disappearance from the hives. The honey bees’ mysterious disappearance left the U.S. beekeepers, entomologists, and reporters confused about what could have led to their mass loss. So far, no one has comprehensively explained the CCD phenomenon. Several theories to explain the characteristic were advanced by different focus groups concerned with bees’ loss. For instance, since the CCD’s discovery, the issue was linked to power lines, mites, cell phone towers, and pesticides (EPA n.d). These reasons were to explain the strange loss of the honeybee and what it meant for the population. The internet narrative advanced this story to a higher notch by showing the honey bee’s potential extinction. Some narratives quoted Albert Einstein’s words, “If the bee disappears from the surface of the earth, man would have no more than
The transnational corporation under analyzes is Tesla Motors Inc. This company belongs to the industry of automotive production. As a matter of fact, the corporation started the business with the production of innovative electric sports cars. However, the company decided not to focus on one specific sector, and the global strategies of the company involve the production of cars that will satisfy all the segments of the modern market. Elon Musk, the founder of the company, once stated that one of his primary goals is to “help expedite the move from a mine-and-burn hydrocarbon economy towards a solar electric economy, which I believe to be the primary, but not exclusive, sustainable solution” (Williams, 2015). The company aims to be environmentally friendly as they realize that the automotive industry is the segment that can influence ecology in a significant way either positively or negatively. The batteries that are landfill safe and are not toxic were designed to make a step towards nature. Furthermore, the company offers a positive energy solution, Solar City panel, for people who care about the environment. It is worth highlighting that nowadays, Tesla Motors Inc. is the only corporation that produces zero-emission sports vehicles. The global strategies of the corporation involve innovation of technologies and providing people with the ability to be environmentally friendly using outstanding cars. The premium product can be compared to the ones produced by Apple. Belonging originally to the premium class, the product became more affordable then. The objective of the corporation is to provide customers from different social segments with an opportunity to be an owner of the care developed by Tesla Motors. The article A review of trends in the global automotive manufacturing industry and implications for developing countries written by Michael Gastrow is focused on the evaluation of modern globalized trends in the automotive industry (Gastrow, 2011). The author states that global production and providing people from different countries with an opportunity to buy the product is considered to be one of the dominant trends in the industry. It should be noted that Tesla Motors follows this principle. The modern automotive market is experiencing changing of vision not only in terms of production but consumption as well. The industry shifts its vision from the Western world to the Eastern, and it affects the functioning of every company represented on the market (Gastrow, 2011). The giants of the automotive industry have already placed their factories in developing countries. Economic crises affected the automotive industry and consequently led to the re-location of the plants. However, Tesla Motors have their factories only in the United States and Europe ( About Tesla , n. d.). Nevertheless, the company discovers the Asian market as well. Another global trend is considered to be global distribution, and Tesla Motors follow it as th
Introduction Women are viewed in many different forms by different religions. Some consider women as the integral part of the religion or of the society while some provide several restrictions for women when it comes to their beliefs and traditions. The picture above is just one of the proofs that women can be viewed differently especially when the religion will be the deciding factor. Gender Roles As represented in the picture, in Muslim societies women and men are expected to behave in accordance with social, cultural or religious codes. They have various reasons from doing so but what is most dominant is the fact that they want to make create a line separating men from women and that they want to distinguish between what is considered to be ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’. These gender roles are learned within a particular social and cultural context. More so, these gender roles are affected by factors such as education and economics (Inglehart, 2002). In practice, gender roles are often affecting women thereby adversely impeding their self determination in areas such as their socio-economic status, status within the family, health, life expectation, independence, freedom and even their rights (Inglehart, 2002).This clearly reflects the gender bias that is happening inside the Muslim communities. For them, women are still the weaker sex and males are the dominant ones. For them, women are essential for male for they should act as their partners… and because they are essential for men, Muslim societies tolerate men from having numerous women (provided that men can financially support all his women and his offspring equally). For them, women are accessories to the male’s harem and that the males are the ones who would ensure on the availability of food, shelter and other basic commodities, while the women should stay at home and manage what is being given by the males. For the Islam, women should not be in command… the decision making is the sole responsibility of the males. In short, women in Islam, are often expected to be obedient wives and mothers remaining within the family environment, whereas men are expected to be protectors and caretakers of the family Although the Qur’an views women and men to be equal in human dignity, this spiritual or ethical equality has not been reflected in most Muslim laws. Like for example, women do not have equal rights to make independent decisions in relation to c
Introduction Background of the Study Abandoned construction projects are characteristic of the Malaysian construction industry because different literatures have documented hundreds of projects abandoned in the city because of a myriad of reasons (Razaka, Mohammed & Tarique, 2015; Tomas, 2013). However, this problem is not unique to the country alone because other developing economies have experienced the same problem (Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, 2012). Project delays, cost overruns, environmental issues and legal tussles are some challenges that are associated with this problem (Abidin, 2016). As a result, many major projects, such as the construction of churches, bridges, schools, hospitals and the likes fail to materialize. Although there are many cases of abandoned construction projects in Kuala Lumpur, it is important to point out that the construction industry is a key part of the city’s overall economy (Tomas, 2013). The Malaysian construction industry is also a pivotal part of the country’s economy. From 2008 to 2012, the industry contributed more than 3% to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) (Ali, 2017). Statistics from 2012 alone show that the industry contributed RM 34.9 billion (Idris, 2016). Comparatively, the overall GDP for the country is estimated to be RM 937.5 billion (Ali, 2017). The value of the construction industry to Malaysia’s economy stems from the fact that the industry often generates thousands of jobs for its citizens. According to Rahman, Alashwal, Ayub and Abdullah (2013), about 1.1 million Malaysians work in this industry. This population is estimated to be about 10% of the total workforce in Malaysia (Rahman et al., 2013). Implicitly, this fact means that the construction industry is responsible for about 10% of all jobs in the country. In this regard, it is no surprise that in 2012, it was estimated that the total value of projects awarded in the construction industry was RM 112.5 billion (Ali, 2017). Despite these impressive statistics, it is imperative to point out that not all construction projects undertaken in the country are completed on time (Bolotin & Birjukov, 2013). Indeed, some of them are delayed, while in worst-case scenarios, some are abandoned altogether. Abandonment could occur at any phase in the construction lifecycle. Although the Malaysian law outlines different criteria for categorizing a project as being abandoned, or not (as highlighted above), it is important to point out that the definitions for abandonment that will be used in this paper will mostly relate to the failure to complete projects. However, generally, researchers say abandonment relates to projects that have been completely neglected, or that have experienced indefinite delays (Bolotin & Birjukov, 2013). As Rahman et al. (2013) point out, construction project abandonment is not only confined to the Malaysian context alone because other countries are affected by the problem as
The COVID-19 global outbreak has hurt many industries, among which are airlines. During this time of adversity, airline companies have to pay special attention to their strategic management to respond to public health concerns and uphold workable business ethics. As of now, Boeing is amid turmoil caused by the coronavirus pandemic and 737 MAX setbacks that have already cost the company significant losses. Staying afloat requires timely measures that would protect customers, employees, and suppliers. For the safety of customers, the staff at Boeing is disinfecting all surfaces that can be potentially contaminated: door handles, table surfaces, light switches, and others. The company continues to restrict travel to countries with the most massive outbreaks, such as China, South Korea, and Italy. On top of that, clients can access up-to-date information regarding changing travel bans and restrictions, so that they could be more mindful about planning their trips. As for employees and suppliers, Boeing is keeping the number and frequency of personal meetings with big groups of people to a minimum; this especially applies to areas with active virus transmission. The airline company holds online meetings whenever it is possible, which includes job interviews. Boeing is canceling non-essential business meetings that require international travel to avert situations where travelers could be exposed to the virus or be subject to unexpected quarantine. So far, the organization has clearly communicated to its stakeholders that they have the right to opt-out of the face-to-face meetings as well as refuse to travel for work. Lastly, Boeing is now shipping masks and other relevant items to employees at risk of exposure.
Abstract There are many challenges that come up when spouses work together. These challenges are often seen as detrimental to both the individuals’ career projection and the involved company’s profitability. There have been debates on whether it is ethical for spouses to work together. It is important to note that many of these debates assume that spouses were already married before they started working together. However, there are cases where co-workers fall in love with each other and marry. The issue of employment of spouses is multi-dimensional and complex. However, there is evidence that whereas it might be challenging for one to work with his or her spouse, it is not unethical. Introduction Servant leadership and job social support are identified as critical requirements for organizations that employ spouses (Yang, Zhang, Kwan, & Chen, 2018). There are several debates on whether working with one’s spouse is ethical and even ideal in terms of career progression. The involvement of personal (family) concerns in work duties has negatively affected the perception of spousal employment. This essay seeks to answer the long debated question of whether working with one’s spouse should be termed unethical. Objective The objective of the essay is to analyze whether working with one’s spouse is ethical and professionally acceptable. Investigative Question This inquiry focused on how spouses interact both in the workplace and at home. Specifically, the investigation sought to find out whether employment of spouses is professionally acceptable. Some of the things that were considered during the investigation include the positions the spouses held, how long they had worked together, how they met, and their career progression since they got married/started working together. Background According to Machek, Kolouchová and Hnilica (2016) the number of working married women increased significantly in the US in 1960. This was attributed to the fact that more women have acquired necessary skills for work. Additionally, it was also associated with the reason why many married men helped their wives get jobs. Due to this, several spouses ended up working together in the same industries. However, due to marital problems affecting work, many companies began shunning spousal employment (Yang et al., 2018). Some of the main concerns recorded included spousal duties where one spouse was accused of neglecting their marital role due to their work (Yang et al., 2018). This was especially common in men, who would prefe
Which is more important: creativity or knowledge? Find here the answer! This creativity vs. knowledge essay explains the relationship between imagination and intelligence and gives examples. Introduction Schools are institutions that are set up with the aim of impacting students with knowledge. This being the primary focus of most education systems, generating new knowledge through creativity becomes secondary to most scholars. This leads to the question of which, between knowledge and creativity, is more important? This question is more relevant to students in higher institutions of learning since this level of learning is developed enough to generate creative thinking, in addition to impacting students with knowledge. Creativity Is More Important than Knowledge As such, a college student should ponder on this question, considering that such a student is almost ready for the job market. As a college student, creativity is more important than knowledge since creativity allows one to explore ideas with no boundaries, it gives birth to innovation, and it provides room for developing practical solutions to real life challenges, unlike knowledge which is limited to one’s expertise and experience. While knowledge is limited to one’s skills, creativity has no boundaries since it goes as far as one’s imagination can reach. Knowledge hardly goes beyond one’s training or experience in a certain field, whereas creativity/imagination follows intuition and transcends one’s acquired skills (Ox and van der Elst 84). Creative minds do not necessarily focus on achieving good grades in school. This is because good grades do not always imply creativity; instead, good grades are usually a reflection of one’s knowledge in a given subject since schooling systems are more oriented on impacting knowledge than creating an environment that enhances creativity. Knowledge is determined by set standards and systems, but creativity transcends these systems since a creative mind is more flexible and imaginative. With specific focus on great people like Albert Einstein, who came up with the laws of relativity, it is very clear that Einstein exercised more creativity than knowledge in coming up with the laws (Gardner 108). Although it is acknowledgeable that his prior knowledge in the field of physical science created an environment for developing the laws of relativity, his sense of imagination was far much important than the acquired knowledge. It is for such a reason that college students should be more creative, other than just acquiring knowledge in their course of learning. Creativity births innovation since it is not bound by experience, unlike knowledge that is limited to acquired skills and experience. Creativity encompasses the intrinsic motivation to pursue a certain interest, and this gives birth to innovation. Creativity allows college students to think in a flexible and imaginative way such that when a motivating environment is provided, students can end up creating very impressive solutions to problems. Global success is pegged on innovation. Virtually every sphere of life in the current world is competitive i