ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article by Esther Rajadurai argues that the consequence of globalization has led to the development of multiculturalism in many countries, including the most successful case of Australia (Rajadurai, n.d.). The main points the author sets are Australia’s economic improvement and the successful social adaptation to the nation’s multiculturalism. The article’s primary purpose is to emphasize the importance of this approach. A news magazine article by Martin Crotty advanced the thesis that the Anzac events contributed to the identification and cohesion of the Australian nation (Crotty, 2020). The author defines the main purpose of understanding essential factors of Australian identity. Moreover, the aftermath of the war defined the denial of the brutality of many Australian citizens in historical conflicts. Despite the subsequent economic problems, Anzac contributed to the birth of the nation. In the fifth chapter of the book, Anthony Moran focuses on the main goal, which is to compare the categories of multiculturalism in Australia, and national identity, defining the nature of their relationship (Moran, 2016). The contradiction is in a relatively rapid transition from a British-Australian identity to a multiracial society, emphasizing the national morale’s rapid dynamics and flexibility. What is more, the legitimacy is proven by economic stabilization and increased satisfaction with the native people’s standard of living. In the second chapter of the book, Jim McKay’s main goal is to determine the nature of the myth using examples of Australian, New Zealand, and Turkish nations (McKay, 2018). Barthes’ concept defines myths as a way of communication and a national perspective on historical events. The author states, that the mythical halo of Anzac’s events was promoted by the image of a brave soldier with British roots. Furthermore, the remoteness of the territory has contributed to the need for people for their own exceptional stor
There are a lot of specific methods and approaches to teaching. There is no one particular method affirmed by all the teachers, therefore the vast majority of ideas exists. The differences in perception of the ways for teaching lead to the presence of various methods to learning. The Whole Language ideology is a particular method for teaching which deserves attention due to its peculiarity. The main purpose of this discussion is to consider the problem of the Whole Language in detail, referring to the system of reading as the particular method for helping students understand the nature of language as a whole. Considering the approach under discussion, it may be stated that it is based on the idea that the language is a whole and it should be taught as a whole. Traditional system of teaching presupposes division of the learning procedure into several segments which are given to children separately. The peculiarity of the Whole Language approach is that students are offered knowledge into one specific approach which combines necessary items that help students obtain necessary knowledge (Çekiç 223). The whole language approach is based on a number of particular principles which help many students learn languages as a system of knowledge. Thus, the main principles of the whole language instructions are as follows, (1) the lessons are run from the whole to the pieces, (2) lessons are learner-oriented, (3) the lessons are meaningful and purpose
The film Sunset Boulevard throws light on the experiences of people who want to achieve success in Hollywood. It should be mentioned that this movie represents such a genre as film noir. This paper is aimed at discussing the behavior of such characters as Joe Gillis and Norma Desmond. To some degree, these protagonists are not willing to recognize their flaws as well as inconsistency of their actions. As a result, both of them are eventually doomed to failure because of their inability to accept reality. At first, one should mention that the movie Sunset Boulevard exemplifies such a genre as film noir. It is characterized by certain thematic and stylistic elements; in particular, critics speak about chiaroscuro or the contrast between light and dark, the use of shadows that conceal people’s faces, and the so-called Dutch angles (Smith, 2013, p. 240). Additionally, these films usually explore such themes as people’s disillusionment, their failed attempts to retain their moral integrity, and their cynicism (Smith, 2013, p. 239; Silverblatt, 2014). In this context, the word genre is used to describe a set of cinematographic works that have common stylistic or compositional elements (Silverblatt, 2014). Certainly, film noirs have also evolved considerably with time passing; nevertheless, many of the stylistic elements identified in this section can be observed. Moreover, Sunset Boulevard is regarded as a classical film noir. In addition to that, the protagonists of this movie illustrate the canons of this genre. To some degree, Joe Gillis exemplifies the qualities
The Summary of the Marketplace Money Podcast The story presented as the Marketplace Money Podcast on October 18, 2013, discusses the topic of modifying the employees’ behaviors with references to the financial incentives, and this topic is directly related to the field of management. With references to the problem of the healthy lifestyle, Dr. Kevin Volpp states that today many companies propose definite effective rewards and implement financial incentives for the employees in order to promote their inclinations to follow the principles of the healthy lifestyle (“Modifying Behavior with Financial Incentives”). In this case, the accents are made on the support of the healthy workforce in order to guarantee the better employees’ performance and on the idea of rewards as the important aspects to stimulate the employees’ motivation. Thus, according to Dr. Kevin Volpp, those employers who support the idea are inclined to rely on decreasing the healthcare costs and on increasing the employees’ performance rates within the companies (“Modifying Behavior with Financial Incentives”). The popularity of such initiatives supports the vision that the employees’ motivation can be successfully affected with the help of such managerial strategies as the provision of the significant rewards for persons who support the employers’ projects (“Modifying Behavior with Financial Incentives”). Furthermore, the proposed system of rewards is closely connected not only with promoting the employee healthy programs but also with decreasing the insurance premiums to achieve the balance in relation to the strategies’ profitability. Summary of “Undercover Boss” The episodes from the CBS reality series “Undercover Boss” are the effective illustrations of the necessity to analyze, revise, change, and modify the managerial strategies with references to the companies’ goals and employees’ needs. Those bosses who participate in the reality series are inclined to understand the everyday realities of employees in their companies in order to improve the strategy and to achieve the higher performance results (“Undercover Boss”). From this point, the idea of leadership affecting management within the company is discussed in the reality series. To orient to the company’s progress, leaders should learn the realities of each worker’s experience and, as a result, his or her potential to contribute to the company’s development. The importance of the leader’s responsibility and the ability to provide initiatives are also illustrated in the reality series because after observing the realities of the employees’ work and while focusing on the employees’ needs, many bosses perform some actions to change the situation and to improve the working conditions. It is stated in the series clearly that a leader or a manager should understand and realize the employees’ realities to promote the workers’ better performance (“Undercover Boss”). Furthermore, it is always important to t
Physical security is a complex of tools and methods that are used to guarantee the safety of particular facilities that contain confidential information (Forte & Power, 2007). Technical security is a range of activities that are focused on the safety of modern technologies with a use of such methods and encryption, authentication, and others (Azuwa, 2015). Data redundancy is the availability of confidential information at more than one place at a time (Huang, Chen, Lin, You, & Peng, 2015). It is imperative to consider the fact that it is quite important in case an emergency happens. However, it should be minimized most of the time because it dramatically increased the risks, and it should be addressed. Overall, physical security is the most important and should be focused on because it is not possible for third parties to try and hack data if they are not able to get access to it in the first place, and it is hard to argue with importance of such measures. Currently, some laws are focused on the privacy of health care information and are regulated by The Office for Civil Rights (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2015). It needs to be said that they are quite reasonable because there is a possibility that it can be used for a range of criminal activities. It is also paramount to make sure that such information stays confidential because it may cause issues in personal life. However, it needs to be said that current system is in need of improvement because data is not as secure as it should be, and it is evident that numerous issues are present. Identifiable patient information is a kind of data that can be used to locate an individual (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2015). It should be said that health care institutions are mostly in compliance with the rules. However, some issues are present. Private practices are especially hard to regulate, and this fact should be considered. It is interesting that there may have been numerous instances of information disclosure, and most patients do not know about it. Also, it is imperative that various scientists pay attention to current issues and try to develop tools and methods that would help to resolve such problems (Prada et al., 2011). It is especially dangerous if criminals are able to access such information because it can be used in various ways. The government makes sure that such instances are limited. However, it needs to be said that it is still possible, and the information is not as confidential as one may expect. New technologies make it easier to protect data, but there numerous complications may occur. Als
Introduction The comprehension of criminal justice remains a foremost consideration before individuals, entities, or agencies understand any given crime. In this case, the crime whose maximum term is to be doubled is that of armed robbery. There is an overwhelming legal evidence to comprehend specific crimes in their totalities before defining their criminal/justice aspects. From this observation, it is clear that all personalities involved in the definition of any criminal justice must consider the different contexts in which the commission of a specific crime might occur within the population. Thus, it is appropriate that any policy-making within the criminal justice must depend on the criminological theory. This must occur, regardless of the legal knowledge of the makers. Goals and Objectives of the Bill The chief objective of this bill is to double the highest prison period for any person found guilty of armed robbery. There is a legal observation from this statement that the bill tends to create a very punitive manner of dealing with armed robbers within the general society. It creates a high standard for punishment of the offenders and scares potential criminals to stay off the act. The bill aims to create a legal base of severely punishing the offenders involved in armed robbery. Possible Solutions for the Bill The bill must first understand the criminal etiology process in order to draw any penology on the particular crime. The bill must be treated or handled with a lot of caution as just increasing the severity of the punishment for such offenders might not necessarily lead to a change in criminal trends or engagement. A considerable period of research and engagement of various stakeholders including the public has to be done for the legislatures to have an informed decision concerning the bill. Moreover, caution should be taken for the bill not to major so much on punitive aspects rather than character transformation of such offenders. Justification for Why the Bill Should Be Approved or Not A critical analysis of the bill indicates that it should never be approved. This is because it lacks the proper definition and consideration of criminal etiology. Moreover, there is lack of effective stakeholder engagement in the process. The bill also lacks the basic scientific analysis of the situations under which the described crime may be conducted. There is also the absence of critical descriptions, assumptions, as well as explanations that describe the process under which the bill emanates. Recommendations and the Reasons for Recommendations The legislators must be patient to consult the stakeholders and be pertinent with the various criminological theories applicable to this particular bill. This is because the issues about etiology, assumptions, and descriptions are not properly articulated or presented in the bill. Instead, the bill should be amended to stress more on the rehabilitative and transformative measures meant for such offenders rather than engaging them in severe punishments. This is because institution of legal severe punishment measures do not
Abstract The acceptable reality for now is that no research has managed to conclusively show or document that there is life or no life in Mars. This research paper is of the opinion that the argument about life or lack of it in Mars should seize, until such a time when conclusive evidence to support arguments on either side will be attained. Until then, researchers need to do the hard work of verifying or refuting existing theories and counterchecking any new evidence that could be contained in the Martian meteorites Is there evidence of life on Martian meteorites? According to Buseck et al, Nanocrystals of Magnetite(Fe 3 O 4 ) compounds in meteorites found from mars are the strongest, yet the most controversial indicators that there is extraterrestrial life in Mars(13490). The allegation attached to the Fe 3 O 4 is that they resemble crystals found in Meteorite ALH84001, which are formed by specific terrestrial bacteria. The ALH84001 was found in the Antarctica and later recognized as meteorite whose origin was Mars(Mckay et al 924). McKay Et al authored startling report based on chemical and structural features of ALH84001 (295).The report indicates that there was indeed life in mars. McKay Et al based their arguments on four chemical and structural features of the meteorite and although they admitted that the individual features could not prove their allegation, they sought to convince the general public as well as scientists that the four features taken collectively were evidence enough that there was indeed life in Mars(Friedmann et al 562). The first basis for their conclusion was the “igneous Mars Rock”. According to their report, the rock was of unidentified geologic context and had pores and fractured spaces that were permeated by a fluid. Their second reason was that the igneous rock was older than the carbon globules found there in. The third reason was that the TEM and SEM images captured of the carbon globules had features that resemble microfossils, terrestrial-biogenic-carbonate structures, and terrestrial micro organisms. Fourth, the Fe-sulfide and magnetite particles indicated that the oxidation and other reductions reaction had occurred on the compound, thus indicating the presence of microbial systems and finally, there were Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs)on the compound thus indicating that its original surface(Mars)had carbonate globules(McKay et al 930). Buseck et al, notes that although the McKay et al theory has been criticized and largely questioned, no one scientist or researcher has been able to disapprove it(13490).The report starts by acknowledging the fact that the 1975 Viking lander experiments managed to negate the possibility that there was life on Mars. However, the report states that the conclusion from the tests canno
Summary of the Article In the presentation, What is the right balance between open and closed innovation by Ellen Enkel, the author captures the vital aspects of open and closed innovation in modern organisations (Enkel, 2012). The author showed that Open Innovation is a concept that has gained importance in the recent past for both academics and professionals. Generally, the increased awareness of the concept has been driven by the need to collaborate with the industry peers, improved innovation cycles, growing industrial research and abilities to reduce costs of innovation as well as shortage of resources. In addition, worker mobility and multiplicity of new business models, corporation, opportunities and risks also drive open innovation. Enkel points the dilemma that firms face when they engage in open innovation, particularly when some organisations are poised to benefit more relative to others. The situation requires effective balance between open and closed innovation. The further pointed out that Open Innovation has attracted various innovative firms to work together in order to commercialise certain ideas. Organisations such as Henkel, IBM, P&G, and Bayer have adopted open innovations and have embarked on commercialising outcomes of such processes. However, they must also work on in-house ideas, create new knowledge and drive locus of innovation. Enkel demonstrated that open innovation is all about knowledge exchange and enhancing markets for knowledge. Knowledge for innovation emanates from the company, external relations and from the public (Enkel, 2012). Hence, the corporate open innovation concept accounts for all these three sources of knowledge. While open innovation is measured and growing, firms have continued to assess its drawback, and they have identified loss of intellectual property and drain of knowledge as major risk factors. Overall, Enkel noted that organisational strategies and culture are critical in shaping the right balance between open and closed innovation. Key Learning Points Open Innovation is driven by several factors, including dwindling research and development funds; shorter innovation periods; increasing worker mobility; merging technologies; and assortment of various new business models, new corporations, new opportunities and risks. Enkel shows that open innovation requires knowledge exchange and creating the market for that knowledge among various organizations. These organizations normally acquire knowledge from internal sources, external relations and the public through Corporate Open Innovation concept. While open innovation is shaping innovation in many organisations, it leads to loss of intellectual property and drain of knowledge. At the same time, organisati
Introduction A project is a temporary endeavor that is undertaken to produce a product or provide a service. Project management is an analysis that seeks to define how a particular project executes its operations, monitors the already executed operations, and how the executed operations are controlled (Kerzner 2010:14). Any project has some requirements that are necessary for the successful completion of the project tasks; these requirements are commonly referred to as resources. Project resources are not standard since individual projects will call for different capital resources, human resource, scope, technological skills, and target market, among other factors. To accomplish the mission and vision a given project, the project must take into account the analysis of the scope, the financial requirement, as well as the short, middle, and long-term goals of the project. Most importantly, project management cannot thrive without adapting to leadership style that is congruent with the needs of the employees. The subsystems of the firm have to adjust to an effective organizational structure in order to facilitate success of the project. The effective integration of values can be achieved by leadership development, as this helps to highlight the changes that are taking place within a particular market segment. This study will be guided by one key question: is the issue of leadership an extremely complicated task while motivating the employees working in projects? Background Of The Study Jovanović & Petrović (2000) affirm that proper dissemination of project management plan should be provided to the employees in a manner that outlines vigilant steps, which point out the corresponding responsibilities, the person responsible for the task, the timeline for performing the task, and the expected output (Kerzner 2010: 23). However, the management of projects highly depends on the flow view theory, which seeks to eliminate the unforeseen risks (Hanisch et al. 2011). Additionally, the theory of value generation view is used in project management to facilitate an assessment of the clients prior to provision of goods and/or services. This theory substantiates that the needs of the clients should be viewed differently from the work process. Thus, the project management should define the plan, the cost, the activities, the project’s human and capital resources planning, and judgment of duration of time for the completion of the projects (Rad 2002: 36). An effective budgeting of the project’s cost facilitates this, while an effective execution should define time and quality specification, as they are critical in ascertaining a project’s sustainability. Controlling, on the other hand, should be designed in such a way that it is able to use performance reporting that executes corrections or overall change control that recommends changes at the planning procedure (Kerzner 2010:94). But while all the above are valid procedures and theories that aim at ensuring that projects achieve their main objecti