ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is undeniable that today’s world revolves around technology due to its growth over the past decades. Mobile phones as a part of technology have become increasingly common in modern society. Today, it is impossible to imagine an adolescent or an adult without a cell phone. Students have started to use mobile phones in classrooms, which has raised many concerns among teachers, schools’ authorities, and parents. While there are several disadvantages of the utilization of technology during classes, the advantages of it prevail. Benefits The benefits of technology for students are evident. First, mobile phones can substitute textbooks and notebooks, which may have a positive impact on individuals’ health as they do not have to carry heavy bags to schools. Students can download learning materials in electronic form and use them during classes. Moreover, they can find the information faster and save time to perform other important tasks. Second, with the help of mobile phones, students can have access to their textbooks, lectures, and notes anywhere and at any time. They can read on the bus on their way to school, which may increase the time they dedicate to the analysis of the learning materials and help them to reflect on the topics of discussions. Furthermore, students can use mobile phones as dictionaries in language classes. It may save their time and ensure that the long learning process does not discourage them. Also, they can download applications that are designed to assist in acquiring new language skills. It is necessary to mention that students can use mobile phones as organizational or planning tools. They can plan their time based on the deadlines, arrange their activities and track their grades and performance in class. While many students use notebooks for such purposes, the utilization of mobile phones allows for having all the information in one place and ensuring that no important data is lost. Moreover, teachers can be involved in the organizational process too by sharing the necessary information about due dates and requirements via applications. It may improve teacher-student relationships and increase individuals’ performance in class. Drawbacks There are several drawbacks associated with the use of mobile phones in the classroom. The primary one is that they can distract students from learning, as they may prefer to play games or use social networks. Moreover, individuals can become aggressive if the teachers or school authorities try to forbid the use of technology in class. To eliminate the possible negative outcomes, it is necessary for students to learn how to avoid distraction while working with mobile phones. For example, they can delete unnecessary applications or re
Corporate governance is important as it aims to increase the company’s accountability and prevent major failures. The study by Azeez (2015) shows that there is a direct link between corporate governance and organizational performance. Effective corporate governance may be performed through regular meetings of organizations’ authorities, a clear division of their tasks and responsibilities, and the development of the risk management system. Corporate governance may be defined as a system of principles and processes that control and direct the operations of organizations (“2018 Corporate governance framework,” 2018). Performance and accountability are two primary factors associated with effective governance (“Corporate governance framework,” n.d.). Performance is related to the utilization of governance arrangements to improve outcomes. Accountability is crucial as it ensures that legislative requirements are met, and confidence in organizations’ decisions is achieved. There are six principles of the corporate governance framework (“Corporate governance framework,” n.d.). The main ones include transparency, accountability, and security. These three components provide the mechanisms for ensuring that companies follow the necessary standards, establish clear responsibilities and procedures within their systems, as well as implement supervision and control methods. The other principles are integrity, efficiency, and leadership. They prove that organizations act ethically and impartially, use their resources effectively, and achieve high levels of staff commitment. Corporate governance can also improve the public image of companies and provide a structure for their business models. Corporate governance is a vital tool organization can use to improve their management techniques and guarantee the growth of their companies. It is based on a framework that ensures fairness, accountability, and transparency of relationships and operations. The presented discussion suggests that firms should aim to establish corporate governance systems to increase the quality of their performance and services, as well as improve their public representation.
A career is basically the course of situations that form an individual’s work life. A career is important to every person, and as growing up, it is considered most vital to do activities and follow the lifestyle that would help in building a fruitful and prolific career. The purpose of this essay is to cover all the aspects of a chosen job or a career falling into the profession that is chosen to be sports. It would outline all the prospects, opportunities, and openings that may be available to an individual through the successful accomplishment in the profession. Furthermore, the basic features such as the earnings, benefits, required expertise, education, and other aspects related to sports and being a sportsperson would also be covered in the paper. With the passage of time and the progress of the globalization phenomenon, there has become a diverse and widespread range of careers available for people to implement according to their skills. A career pertains to remunerative work, and the return that one gets out of his or her career is based upon the combination of skills, knowledge, and most importantly, the right choice of profession. Having a successful career is very important in today’s highly competitive work environment as every individual is eager to earn a luxurious lifestyle, and it is vital to excelling in the work career if one wants to be able to have a better standard of living. There are a plethora of jobs alternatives that are given preference according to a person’s interest, skills, and of course, the prospect that would be achieved through the job. Career counseling is another career that is available to people for them to discover what they are good at and what kind of career they would have the most interest in and would hence, excel. Also, career assessment opportunities help people explore and better identify and articulate the jobs that would be most suitable to them and would complement their personalities, values, and skills. Through the numerous substitutes available to pursue as a profession, one that is emerging as the most prolific and productive is the career in sports. There has been an extended engagement in sports and leisure activities by people in all parts of the world, in particular among those in the industrialized world. A sport is entertainment that is enjoyed in every part of the world. With the increase of leis
Getting over a break-up is always a difficult process. There are different opinions on the ways how to cope with a broken heart: some people suppose that a person who suffers just needs more time to reconsider past relations; others suppose that a person whose heart is broken is to experience certain changes. Generally, it should be pointed out that healing a broken heart is considered to be an individual process. Moreover, one is to keep in mind that the so-called process of recovering depends upon a person’s individual approach towards the problem he or she experiences. There are different ways, which can be used, in order to cope with a negative psychological state. For instance, to heal a broken heart some people should fall in love with other persons; others should devote their lives to work. The second variant may sound really strange; however, there are many cases, when people start their career, in order to get over a break-up. Those, who are engaged in various activities, just have no time to think about a strong emotional pain they experience. In other words, one can conclude that exhausting or hard work can be regarded as an effective medicine to heal a broken heart. Of course, it is necessary to point out that hard work is not a universal panacea. Still, it is necessary to keep in mind a person’s character, his or her beliefs, values and expectations. Thus, on the other hand, a person who tries to find a new love should also understand that there are no guarantees of success. Moreover, some psychologists suppose that it is better not to look for a new relationship so soon; on the contrary, if a person does not want to reconsider the situation which happened, he or she may face a severe depression. For this reason, one is to remember that being alone for a certain period is one of the necessary steps a person with a broken heart is to follow. For a person, who experiences negative psychological emotions, it is also extremely important to understand that a break-up is not a fatal disease. One can start doing things that he or she used to do before he or she was not alone. In other words, people who suffer must distract their minds from their sorrows. People are to try to forget about a previous routine; to do this they are to use their own methods. Thus, taking into account the experiences of other individuals who have already coped with a broken heart, one can rely on some of the techniques they used: the most popular method, which can be used, in order to heal a broken heart is to throw everything away ( everything includes numerous things, which remind about a previous relationship). The things may include various presents, photos, letters, etc. Throwing things may be regarded as the beginning of a new life, better life. So, one can probably suppose that the process of throwing things has a symbolical meaning. A person with a strong character, who understands the importance of distraction and can control his or her emotions, should create a good plan of action. For instance, one can imagine that his or
Extraversion is a personal characteristic that is opposed to introverts and has been known to show higher levels of activity and output. Extraverts are considered to more outgoing, talkative, and social and are focused on the stimuli that are outside of their own self and understanding. Extraverts have shown a high need for achievement in almost any field. As extraverts tend to be happier and outgoing, their need for self achievement is greatly higher than those of other people (Vitterso 92). Hypothesis: the study will determine how much more are extraverts outgoing and achieving than people that are not either extraverts or introverts. Procedure: to determine levels of achievement for extraverts a part of the study will analyze person’s behavior in an educational institution. Another part of the study will look at the amount of work someone has completed in their job. Several workplaces will be consulted, more specifically local supermarket, a restaurant and a mechanics shop. Conclusion: the expected results will show that extraverts are more determined in their education and professional careers and have a higher achievement rate than people who do not qualify themselves as extraverts. Abstract: the study of extraverts that was meant to show the correlation between achievement level and personal characteristics determined that people who are outgoing, have a higher level of achievement, as well the amount of work is significantly increased (Huang 1130). Introduction: Extraversion, a personal characteristic has shown to influence how a person behaves in both social and private settings. The output of their efforts is much higher that of other people and their need for achievement is directly related to their personal characteristics. Method: the study looked at an educational institution where students were given a questionnaire where they self-evaluated their determination and needs for achievement. The criteria were divided into low achievement, medium, high and extra high. They also evaluated themselves in private setting versus social. The information was gathered from their peers, friends and professors. In a private setting, the questionnaires were given to their parents and siblings. Their achievement determination was also compared to their marks and the amount of social groups and extracurricular activities they participated in. In a work environment the employee was given a form where they have filled in the amount of hours they work per week and in a month. Overtime was a major determinant of the achievement. The employer was consulted on the personal input of the employee with the amount of ideas and personal determination to work extra. Results: the results of the study have shown a direct correlation between extraversion and the need for achievement. Students have shown increased extracurricular activities and participation in the class. The professors have provided statistics that displayed the amount of time they have spent after class and the individual determination to help prepare the materials for the next study. Personal questionnaires and statistics of time spent in a private and social setting showed positive and in
Introduction For a long time now, environmental issues have been discussed and debated all over the world. The twenty-first century call for a reconsideration of the ways through which environmental concerns that affect the planet earth as well as the societies in it are dealt with (Bunnin and Tsui-James 517). A critical reflection on the ethical principles and policies need be done if the current environmental conflicts are to be effectively addressed. Environmental ethics may be defined as the study of ethics of the day to day interactions of human beings with and their impacts on the systems of nature (Attfield 15). The essay discusses the general concept of contemporary environmental ethics. It also elaborates some of the key economic and political dimensions of environmental ethics. Furthermore, the essay offers suggestions on the necessary changes in trade and governance needed to enhance environmental protection with reference to two current issues relating to environmental protection in the U.S. Contemporary Environmental Ethics Meta-ethics and Normative Ethics John O’Neill defines meta-ethics as mainly focusing on the need to understand the status and nature of the various ethical claims that human beings make from time to time (Jamieson 163). It deals with questions about ethics rather than the substantive questions in ethics. For instance, meta-ethics would ask whether or not given ethical claims can considered true or false, whether there is a possibility of an ethical reality, or whether ethical claims may be scrutinized for rational justification. A key question in meta-ethics is usually whether ethical claims are assertions that can be regarded as true or false. According to ethical realist, ethical statements are descriptions of the facts of the world that are either true or false independent of what the speaker believes. However, there are divergent views against ethical realism. First, the error theory states that ethical statements are just but descriptions of the world, all of which are imposed on the world and hence false. Second, there is expressivism which holds that ethical statements are not the descriptions ascribed to the world: instead, the statements are mere expressions of attitudes that the speaker has towards the world (Jamieson 163). Substantive questions raised in ethics are usually the matter of normative ethics. This type of ethics is concerned with particular ethical utterances, including those at the center of environmental ethics such as environmental change and its impacts on human as well as non-human beings. Most often, normative ethics is concerned with attempting to offer systematic theoretical frameworks for the need to justify and articulate such claims: Kantian, contractarian, utilitarian, and deep ecological theories offer standard examples of normative theories. Robert Elliot points out that the assault of human beings on the terrestrial environment indicates no signs of fading away and it is almost clear that it will spill over into the non-terrestrial environments (Jamieson 177). There is continued deforestation, soil erosion, water and air pollution has been on the rise ov
Introduction When one hears the word “hacker,” one typically thinks of cyber terrorists and criminals. People are stealing money from banks, shutting down facilities, acquiring private info, and locking owners out of their computers. It has effectively become a pejorative for illegal activities as well as bypassing computer security. It has not always been this way; the term “hacker” came from the 1960s, referring to extremely skilled programmers running FORTRAN and other coding languages (Grimes, 2017). Nowadays, the profession revolves around identifying weaknesses in computer and network security. With the increased digitalization of every aspect of our everyday lives, the ubiquitousness of smartphones, and the emergence of IoT (Internet of Things), hackers have become both an incredible liability and an asset (Grimes, 2017). They are typically characterized using a color scheme: Black, White, and Gray (Grimes, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to describe each type of hacker and what they do in relation to computer security. White Hat Hackers White hat hackers are individuals who use their security bypassing skills for good causes. They are typically hired by organizations to test their systems against unwanted intrusion (“White Hat Hackers,” 2021). A white hat hacker will attempt to overcome all defenses the organization has to offer, often without causing damage. Should those vulnerabilities be detected, they are quickly fixed (“White Hat Hackers,” 2021). In some scenarios, a hacker will be allowed to do damage to systems in order to enable the company to test its data recovery strategies. The three methods utilized in White Hat hacking include deep-scanning the existing networks for malware, trying to break into the protected systems, and using the human factor to bypass firewalls. The human factor is often overlooked by companies that do not train employees to use safety measures when working with outside documents (Grimes, 2017). Clicking on dangerous links, inserting foreign flash devices without scanning them first, and sharing account information with third parties are some of the most glaring weaknesses. The effects of White Hat workers are evidenced in everyday life. Most organizations with a large digital presence tend to have higher security and lower downtimes (“White Hat Hackers,” 2021). At the same time, smaller companies that cannot afford to test their systems are more vulnerable to security leaks. White hats working for companies have the potential to become dangerous Black Hats. The danger stems from familiarity with the security systems of their clients. They could purposefully leave backdoors for themselves to exploit later (Grimes, 2017). Dealing with reputable White Hats, thus, is very important for businesses that wish to protect themselves, their assets, and their customers. Black Hat Hackers Black Hat hackers fit the stereotype currently present in society. These individuals are criminals that commit illegal cybersecurity intrusions to achieve self-serving objectives. The most common goal is to achieve monetary rewards either by direct theft, blackmailing, or ran
Social media has become a pervasive communication tool in modern society. However, the reliance on these digital tools has compromised interaction competence in various ways. Professor Bhamare observes that young people use slang language to network with peers and family, which has had negative implications on proper grammar and syntax. Therefore, we must learn such rules as politeness, speaker roles, taking turns, greetings, and strategies to achieve socialization competence and participate in conversations. The rules are different on various digital platforms including Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat. Facebook and Twitter guidelines encourage polite language, and users who do not conform to these regulations face a ban. The instructions are slightly different in Snapchat because it does not involve extensive use of text for communication. However, each tool is guided by stringent directions on how the users should share information and connect with each other. The media environment plays a critical role in shaping culture. Broadcasters serve as the link between history, present, and the future. Therefore, younger generations learn about their history from the media, and such information shapes their culture. However, users must remain wary of the amount of data they consume and utilize as part of the values. Professor Bhamare, in his article, “Effects of Social Media on Communication Skills”, asserts that at this juncture, the negative impact of these platforms outweighs the benefits. Some material in the media is misleading and detrimental to the existence of certain heritages. I cannot entirely agree with his claim because social media has played a significant role in facilitating interactions, especially during the covid-19 period. Tools like Facebook and Instagram also include business features that enable people to sell their products online effectively, geographical distance notwithstanding. However, there is a need for more regulation to enhance communicative competence when using social media.
The case highlights a dilemma that many managers have to resolve in their daily work. In particular, they need to ensure that every organizational goal is attained by the personnel. However, these professionals also have to think about the rights of employees. There are several recommendations that Jane should consider. First of all, she should include the provision about substance abuse in the job description. This requirement is critical for the effective work of this organization. It should be noted that the employees of Somewhere Emergency Aid Society interact with the victims of abuse and violence, and these people certainly expect compassion from social workers. In turn, these professional may not cope with their duties, provided that they are addicted to drugs and alcohol. Furthermore, those team members, who are dependent on substance, should be terminated. In this case, the wellbeing of women, who seek shelter, should be the top priority for Jane who is the leader of the team. The second issue that should be considered is the choice between two candidates. It seems that Jane should learn more about the previous work experience of the female candidate. Provided that she was indeed dismissed because of substance abuse, she should not be employed by Somewhere Emergency Aid Society. Furthermore, Jane can give an opportunity to an applicant who has a Master’s Degree in Psychology. It seems that the expertise of this person can be of great value to the organization. He can bring new skills to the team or suggest new ways of helping the victims of abuse. These initiatives can be of great benefit to women who have to rely on the assistance of social workers. This is the main recommendations that one can make. Again, these decisions are based on the premise that Somewhere Emergency Aid Society has to focus on the rights of women who can only rely on the competence and professionalism of employees working in this shelter. The needs of the asylum seekers can be met only in if social workers possess skills in different fields, Moreover, there should not be any obstacles that can prevent employees from doing their work properly. Among these obstacles, one can single out substance abuse or unwillingness of the personnel to accept new employees. These are the reasons that should guide Jane’s decisions.