ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Family and tragedy are two concepts that characterized almost every work of Geek drama. Most of such works focus on family relationships, adultery, incest, and the like issues. Aeschylus’ Oresteia and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King are the Greek tragedies that are the most successful in expressing the subjects of family and tragedy. The stories which they present strike the reader with unexpected turns of events and intricate plots. Oresteia consists of three main parts, Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides which are interrelated. These parts present the tragedy in the family of Agamemnon who once sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia; the story and the subsequent parts of it depict the revenge which Agamemnon faced for his actions. Oedipus the King deals more with the issue of fate and its inevitability; however, it closely touches upon the problems of family relations as well for Oedipus killed his father (though unaware that it was him) and married his mother (without knowing that she was his biological mother). Like all the Greek dramas, the two stories under consideration have tragic endings. Each of three parts of Oresteia reveals the subjects of family and tragedy with Agamemnon presenting the story of a Clytaemestra killing her husband, The Libation Bearers telling about Orestes and Electra killing their mother, Clytaemestra, in revenge for her murdering their father, and The Eumenides depicting how the ghost of Clytaemestra revenges her son for killing her; similarly, the interrelation between family and tragedy in Oedipus the King is exhibited through Oedipus killing his father and marrying his mother. What should be mentioned above all is that in Oresteia the tragedy starts developing with Agamemnon sacrificing his daughter, which further serves as a ground for his wife, Clytaemestra, killing him in revenge. The first part of the drama, Agamemnon, presents the revenge of a mother who grieves the death of her child. It is not a secret that women have more affection for their children than men, which is why a woman can hardly be able to murder her own child; instead, she will readily give away her life to save him/her. Agamemnon, however, chose to sacrifice his daughter, Iphigenia, to appease Artemis in whose temple Agamemnon killed an animal without permission. In this way, Agamemnon sacrificed the life of his daughter for gaining favorable winds during the Trojan expedition in which he participated (Morford and Lenardon 322); in revenge, his wife Clytaemestra murdered him as soon as she found out how her daughter died. This is only a part of Agamemnon’s family drama. Another part is presented through his wife committing adultery while he was absent from home. In this way, Agamemnon presents imperfections in the family under consideration with the tragedy of this family rooting in the wife’s unfaithfulness to her husband and the father’s sacrificing his daughter in exchange for the god’s favor. In addition, Agamemnon’s children continue ruining the family basing on their father’s sins in The Libation Bearers . Electra and Orestes, Clytae
Executive Summary In the current world market, small, medium, as well as international businesses have realised the need to adopt and implement marketing management strategies. The marketing management strategies provide a number of opportunities to these companies. The benefits include, among others, enhancing the company’s competitive advantage, increasing the market share, increasing profitability, as well as enhancing product sustainability. Marketing management involves theories and models that cover segmentation, targeting, and position of a given product. As a result of this, an adoption of a marketing mix by a company enhances its effective exploitation of the market. The current paper revolves around these features. Introduction The concept of ‘marketing theory and management’ is defined from a managerial and social perspective. As a social and management concept, marketing process involves the process through which both groups and individuals obtain whatever they desire to satisfy their needs and wants. It makes them create and exchange their values with others. Therefore, marketing strategies that are adopted and implemented by any business organisation consists of actions that help to build on desirable exchanges. On the other hand, according to managerial definition, marketing involves the processes of planning, implementing pricing strategies, distributing products, as well as promoting ideas and products. However, before any business organisation, through its management, makes the decision to avail its products and services to the end consumers, it should take into consideration other marketing concepts. Such concepts include, among others, market segmentation, market targeting, and market positioning. The adoption and implementation of the three concepts will help in the realisation of marketing opportunities. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the principles and practices of marketing management in the context of a multinational organisation. The organisation selected for this study is the Coca-Cola Company. The intention of this paper is to comprehend and blend principles of marketing theory with their real life application. The need for this blending and comprehension is what motivated the writer of this paper to opt for case study techniques. Literature Review Market segmentation According to Chaston (2010), market segmentation refers to: “The processing (and) dividing up of an entire market into measurable, discrete, and identifiable group(s). The groups share similar characteristics and needs. Besides, the attitudes contained in the market (and reactions towards) messages communicated with regard to a product or a service becomes one and same”
Introduction This report is aimed at examining the work of the social media industry. In particular, it is necessary to focus on such issues as its competitive environment, the interactions with other companies, and the regulations that can affect these organizations. Moreover, much attention should be paid to the technologies that these enterprises use. One should also focus on innovations because they play a critical for the sustainability of these companies. Overall, this analysis can be useful for anticipating the main trends that may later transform the social media industry. Competitive environment The size of this industry can be measured in several ways. At first, one should consider the number of users who rely on these online resources. According to the estimations made in 2005, there were 1.7 billion people who were using social media (Statista, 2015a). It is important to remember that the net revenues of this industry are slightly more than $ 5.1 billion (Pacheco & Udowitz, 2014). Nevertheless, they are expected to increase by approximately 200 percent during the next decade (Pacheco & Udowitz, 2014). Admittedly, this sector is dependent on the development of other industries because they often act as advertisers of the products or services offered by other enterprises. However, the social media industry does not rely on the single sector of the economy. Thus, they are more resilient to changes. It is possible to distinguish various segments of this industr
Communication is the means of transferring the knowledge to a group. How and in what way the knowledge will be transferred has been continually researched upon. Communication strategy would be different for people with different personality types or the number of teams, which is just right for optimum learning to take place. Therefore, knowing one’s personality type before learning is commenced is important because it will allows one to avoid communication strategies that does not work for them or to imbibe skills to cope up with a strategy which is widely used, but does not suit one’s personality. This paper describes two communication strategies that best fits three personality types viz. adventurer, organizer and giver. Therefore, this paper describes the communication strategy best suited for the above-mentioned personality types. The main characteristics of an adventurer lie in his ability to adopt to different fields and in his courage and daring attitude. He believes in problem solving and spontaneity of action. He is flexible, nontraditional, and has an uncanny adeptness to negotiate. The communication strategies that are best suited for an adventurer is to encourage nontraditional form of communication. The learning must be related to hands on experience rather than a monotonous classroom lecture. Simulations and games stimulate the adventurers. Given these characteristics, the next section will look for two communication strategies best for an adventurer. Communication strategies may entail various forms. For an adventurer the best form of communication will be to study in a group or team learning. Team learning has the advantage of associating with people and usually does not follow conventional teaching methodologies (Cosse & Ashworth, 1999; Al-Rawi, 2008). Teamwork is good for an adventurer as he is eager to try on new things and does not believe in traditional communication medium. His presence in workplace is enhanced due to his ability to utilize his theoretical knowledge practically and this is possible more in case of teamwork. However, it is important to ascertain the optimum size of the team, which will optimize the communication and therefore learning or performance. This is so because researchers believe that team size has an effect on team performance (Cosse & Ashworth, 1999, p. 98). Usually it is believed that smaller teams allows greater knowledge sharing as the relationship among team members become more cohesive however, in other cases large teams are more successful as intimate environment need to be avoided. However, the concept of
Introduction The history of noise cancellation dates back to the time in the 1950s when technological innovations enabled the engineers to invent the system mechanisms to cancel the noise that originated from the helicopter and the airplane cockpits, Dr. Bose is a very notable personality in the history of noise-canceling headphones, he began his after being provided with headphones while on his international flight, he was dissatisfied with the poor quality which could not withstand the loud engine noise. He began to work on the headphones to find effective means of improving the quality which took him almost a decade of research (Federico, Eric & Nauta, 95). Initially, the noise-canceling technology was meant to protect the pilots from noise interferences especially those that were participating in the first non-stop flights around the world. The noise-canceling headphones that are available on the market use Analog technology, however, there are other standard methods where digital processing is applied in active noise and vibration control, in particular, noise-canceling is very effective in countering the airplane engine noise, in this case, the headphones have the same size as the normal headphones. However, the actual electronic circuitry is located in the plane’s hand rest where it takes the sound signal from the microphone which is behind the headphones then inverts it sums it up together with the audio signal (Berger, 23) Mode of working for the noise-canceling headphones The noise cancellation in the headphones is achieved mechanisms that aim at reducing the unwanted ambient sounds, also referred to as the acoustic noise; the reduction applies the active noise control. Effective noise cancellation ensures that the sound signal is delivered even at very low volumes. This allows for comfort in communication even in noisy situations such as in the airliner. The noise-canceling headphones in most cases make use of the Active Noise Cancelling technique to cancel the low-frequency portions of the noise; however, this technique relies on the more traditional methods such as the soundproofing method in the prevention of the higher frequency noise from reaching into the ears (Seabridge & Morgan, 202). This technique is preferred because of the numerous advantages that it provides; it’s cheap, it has a simplified circuit which reduces the demand for the complicated circuit especially at higher frequencies the active noise cancellation i8s is not effective. It is worth noting that during high frequency to cancel external sources of noise is attained by using a sensor which when combined with the emitters of wavelengths that cancel noise (Hansen 58). Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) This is a technique that involves the use of one or more microphones that are placed near the ear. There is a sophisticated
Introduction Even though the short stories Hills are Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway and Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell are not related, in the formal sense of this word, both of the mentioned works of literature nevertheless explore essentially the same theme. This theme can be formulated as follows: One of the reasons why there is much more misery in the world than there could have been being that the world’s unofficial ‘rulers’ (rationally minded White men, obsessed with trying to impose their dominance upon everybody else) are much too intellectually arrogant. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-stated at length. Hills are Like White Elephants Ernest Hemingway (1899 –1961) is considered one of America’s most prominent literary figures. Throughout his life, Hemingway never ceased adopting a strong stance on the issues of socio-political importance, while going as far as taking part in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the Spanish legitimate government, which at the time was opposed by the fascist rebels. Through the final years of the WW2, Hemingway worked as a journalist in London and Paris. Hemingway’s literary legacy is rather extensive – it accounts for seven novels and six collections of short stories, which are being marked by the author’s adherence to the ideals of progress and tolerance. As of today, Hemingway’s literary masterpieces are being commonly referred to, as such that contain several in-depth insights into what account for the qualitative aspects of the relationship between men and women. In this respect, the short story Hills are Like White Elephants appears especially exemplary. After all, it is specifically the idea that, as compared to what it happened to be the case with women, men are differently ‘brain-wired,’ which represents the novel’s focal point. The validity of this suggestion can be well illustrated, in regards to the fact that, throughout his conversation with Jig, the American never ceased exhibiting the signs of being thoroughly arrogant. For example, while trying to convince Jog that she should decide in favor of abortion, the American believed that the best way for him to address the task would be concerned with trying to appeal to his girlfriend’s sense of rationale: “You don’t have to be afraid. I’ve known lots of people that have done it” (Hemingway 476). It never occurred to him that it was not the prospect of facing any physical danger, which Jig considered the most upsetting thing about the suggested surgery, but the fact that it would result in killing her unborn child. In its turn, this implies that there is indeed much of a difference between how men and women address life-challenges. Whereas, while reflecting upon the surrounding social reality and their place in it, men are innately driven to establish the dialectical links between causes and effects, women prefer to rely on their acute sense of intuition, in this respect. As Jig noted: “I just know things” (Hemingway 477). Therefore, it can hardly be considered appropriate that, during the conve
Legal Issues related to informed consent and refusal For any therapeutic measure to be carried out, a psychiatrist must obtain informed and voluntary consent from the client. Therefore, a client is entitled to the right of not only permitting the psychiatrist to carry a therapeutic procedure but also to be accorded the right information concerning the inherent risks involved, the guarantee of benefits, and the diversity of other medical and psychological avenues that may be harnessed. In the event that the client is incapable of making informed therapeutic choices, it is within the legal jurisdiction of the client’s attorney to allow a surrogate individual with close ties to the patient to make the informed choice on behalf of the patient (Charles, 2007, p. 1). The medical and therapeutic rights accorded to adults of a sound physical and mental standing to steer their medical and psychological undertakings spell the principle of informed consent as one of the key pillars in the ethical and legal practice of psychology. Informed consent is implemented through a mutual interaction between the psychiatrist and the client, in which case, a diagnosis of the current medical status of the client is done, an exploration of alternative treatment therapies with the accompanying risks is done and the psychiatrist gives a professional opinion as to the most effective choice (Charles, 2007, p. 1). Documentation of such a pact is necessary for the formal signature of both the psychiatrist and the client. The right to informed refusal is equally important in any psychiatric scenario to that of informed consent; it follows as an alternative to informed consent after the client weighs all the pros and cons involved in the psychiatric operation. For instance, contrary to the expectation of many, one may opt not to take mental therapy even when it can serve a useful purpose. Legal Issues Associated with Assessment, Testing, and Diagnosis in Professional Psychology The psychological assessment encompasses a holistic integration of all or most of the client’s psychological features, trends, strengths, and inclinations. Primary catchment areas for psychological assessment include the results from former psychological tests on intelligence, potential, dispositions (Duncan, 2010, p. 1). Moreover, professional performance, medical records, and one’s family life are also incorporated in assessment tests with an aim of identifying the most effective therapeutic/treatment measures. The establishment of a psychological test is firmly grounded on the evaluative component of the inherent (latent variables) of an individual’s personality against some standardized outcome (norm group response). Given that the administration of the psychological test is fair for all the clients, then there is an improvement in the dual mechanisms of validity and relevance of the therapeutic test. Based on the test results, diagnosing the psychological status, condition or challenge follows from keen evaluation and analysis of the
When designing experiments, researchers always find themselves needing to control certain variables to ensure the success of the research. According to Sytsma (2009), a variable is defined as almost anything found on the face of the earth. Variables are a real concern for researchers (Sytsma, 2009). When these variables are of definite experimental interests they are known as factors. However, the term factor is generally used when an experiment includes more than just one variable (Sytsma, 2009). Variables that Researchers can Control Among the variables that a researcher can control while designing the experiment are history, maturation and pre-testing (Key, 1997). The environment of the experiment and the actual variable to be used in the experiment may also be controlled by the researcher (Student of Fortune, 2011). As a factor, history can easily affect the results of a study when a researcher takes further measurements to the experimental variables that had not been taken earlier before the onset of the research. An example, consider a case where a researcher collects data before and after a certain event happens. If not properly controlled, this may greatly affect the results of a study as measurements or data collected could greatly differ (Key, 2009). Maturation refers to the process of an individual moving on to maturity either in age or otherwise during the life period of the research. The data collected at different stages of the research may be affected by change in time and hence the need for effective controls (Key, 2009). Pre-testing on the other hand requires that the researcher notes down some parameters before the actual research begins. The challenge faced by the researcher has to do with the fact that experimental conditions could change drastically in the process in such a way that the results of any post-test may end up be being skewed (Key, 2009). It is very typical for respondents to give completely different responses at a later stage of the research leading to invalid results (Key, 2009). Limit the Effects of Extraneous Variables According to Sytsma (2009), when variables are external with regard to the experiment, they are referred to as being extraneous. Without proper control, these variables end up influencing or affecting the results of the research. To limit the effect of extraneous variables, a researcher may need to control the degree of randomness of the experimental variable (Student of Fortune, 2011). Randomization commonly refers to the fact that the outcome of a research is not at all predictable. A researcher’s confidence has been known to come from understanding that a random approach was taken at the time of assigning experimental variables (Sytsma, 2009). Extraneous variables can also be dealt with by means of Control Groups. This involves the use of a matched group that is not exposed to the experimental variables. The control groups can help greatly in reducing the effect of factors such as history and maturation. Generally, the c