ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cultural humility is a concept that needs to be implemented in human service organizations to improve the effectiveness, responsiveness, and accessibility of provided services. The concept of cultural humility emerged around 30 years ago, which was first introduced by Melanie Tervalon and Jane Murray-Garcia. Cultural humility was identified as “a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and critique, to redressing power imbalances… and to developing mutually beneficial and non-paternalistic partnerships with communities on behalf of individuals and defined populations” (Greene-Moton & Minkler, 2020, p. 142). In other words, cultural humility increases care providers’ awareness about the culture of service receivers through self-reflection and introspection. Even though the majority of human service organizations understand the importance of cultural humility; however, not every organization has a statement of cultural humility/safety. Connecticut Coalition to End Homelessness (CCEH, 2015) has such a statement which is called “Cultural Competency and Responsiveness.” The statement acknowledges that the organization provides services to increasingly diverse populations in terms of race, cultural background, language, age, gender, and sexual orientation (CCEH, 2015). The statement gives definitions to cultural competency, cultural humility, and cultural responsiveness. Additionally, the statement describes the population it serves, demonstrating awareness about the matter, which is crucial for providing top-quality services. Additionally, it provides a list of resources that were used to guide the practice of the organization in terms of cultural safety. While the statement is adequate, there are two considerable flaws. First, the organization does not describe how the principles of cultural safety were implemented in practice. Thus, it is recommended that CCEH demonstrates examples of how the commitment to cultural safety led to improvements in everyday practice. Second, the organization puts an increased emphasis on cultural competence instead of cultural humility. Unlike cultural competency, cultural humility acknowledges the inability to understand the complicated nature of a person’s culture (Greene-Moton & Minkler, 2020). At the same time, cultural humility makes a commitment to learning about the culture of other people. Thus, it is recommended that the organization puts a greater emphasis on cultural humility. If I were the leader of the organization, I would try to find a medium for communicating with some of the groups of younger homeless people in Connecticut. For instance, the organization acknowledges that more than 30% of the population served are young Hispanics (CCEH, 2015). This population may have trouble communicating with service providers. However, if the organization asked a bilingual young adult to communicate with the population, it would have a greater effect on the outcomes. Such a practice would improve the organization’s cultural humility practices.
Early Middle Ages as the “Dark Ages” The fall of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the Middle Ages divided into early and the later middle age (lecture 8). Historians refer to the early middle age as the dark ages to refer to people’s perception of knowledge and learning. The main reason why this age is referred to as the Dark Age is that historians expected people to value knowledge more than what people of the ancient era did. However, this is not the case since people were more illiterate as compared to the ancient era. Also, people were more concerned with their religious beliefs than logic. Therefore, they valued the next life more than their present life. There was learning during the dark ages, although it took place on a small scale and among the elite class. The learning was also centered on religion, and the clergymen were the teachers (lecture 8). The Causes of the Protestant Reformation During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church experienced a crisis that it had not experienced before, which led to the inevitable protestant movements and reformations. The causes of this protestant movement can be linked to the poor leadership of the church and the ability of people to read the Bible on their own. The first reason that caused people to protest was the poor leadership of the Roman Catholic Church. Initially, people believed in the church without question. Therefore, they entrusted the church with all their finance without concern. During the Middle Ages, this changed as the people realized that the church took advantage of their faith and misappropriated their finances through corruption (Lecture 13). Before the beginning of the protestant movement, the Bible was only available to the clergy, and they were responsible for reading and interpreting the Bible to the people (lecture 13). However, this changed, and the people realized that there was a lot that was not according to the Bible. In particular, the pope had elevated himself to the status of God, and he had the power to forgive sins and the keys to heaven (Gochberg 98). Finally, the clergy lived a hypocritical life whereby they claimed the status of holiness that they could not maintain. The clergy was supposed to observe celibacy, but instead, some of the clergy members chose to keep mistresses and marry in secret (Lecture 13). The most important reason that led to Protestantism was the elevated status of the pope. After people read the Bible, they were determined to know and pursue the truth. Therefore, they could not withstand something that was against the truth. Renaissance as the “Birth of Modernity” Renaissance is a major and important period in history since it marked the beginning of modernity. The modern era is characterized by politics, scien
Introduction The paragraph from the book Tough Choices discusses many important concepts related to organizational behavior theory and strategic management. Carly Fiorina identifies the importance of distinctive competencies and core competencies in organizational behavior. The steps in strategic management include the use of consensus for decision-making in the organization. Carly Fiorina underlines that resource strength requires unity but not unanimity or concurrence. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis can help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Carly Fiorina’s approach. The strength of Carly Fiorina’s approach is that planning is crucial as it determines strategic directions and activities. In the import/export company, planning consumes prime resources and transforms them into approaches that are intended to improve the quality of service provided. She writes: “We measured and paid for results through a balanced scorecard that focused the organization on financial performance metrics like revenue growth and profit improvements”. This sentence suggests that managers who are assigned the task of strategic development, have scheduled appropriate time, and have been provided with appropriate knowledge or information need resources such as good lighting, software, hardware, and support staff. Such resources help assure staff members that the undertaking to which they have been assigned will be achieved. The identification and appointment of a strategic planning team or task force are responsibilities that should be given careful thought (Thompson et al 2008, p. 97). Weaknesses and deficiencies The main weaknesses and deficiencies of Carly Fiorina’s approach are the lack of interaction between managers, the staff, and customers. A danger is that it may become a social forum. They can drift off track, and it is the leadership’s task is to keep them focused on the task. Strategic management requires a careful analysis of the situation and evaluation of all alternatives. In any situation, strategic decisions call for teams of knowledgeable people to share knowledge for more effective problem solving and decision making. It is past time to break with tradition and to start using teams more effectively. Carly Fiorina mentions: “Along with this balanced scorecard, every employee and every executive was also evaluated against our core values and our leadership behaviors”. This sentence allows me to say that a good manager should take advantage of this powerful mode of interaction when and where appropriate. An effective strategic management process develops a kindred spirit by focusing the strengths of each member on a clear and challenging goal. Then, just as in operating models, various strategic models are used to depict the need for listing alternatives or options to be considered in achieving specified goals. A segment that deals with ordering or organizing the steps to be completed is not included in all models. In some situations, the strategic management has been made that the steps will be sequenced in a way that enables the persons using the plan to achieve the desired outcomes. In one form or another, implementation
Introduction Clean up Australia is a non-governmental organization which is at the fore-front of environmental conservation. The organization uses community based events as its main tool in environmental conservation. The organization was founded by Ian Kiernan in 1989(Clean Up Australia, 2012). This was after he had witnessed the level of pollution in various oceans around the world. In 1989, he organized the clean up Sydney Harbour which got an overwhelming response. The first Clean up Australia day was organized in 1990. Clean up Australia has internationalized its operations. Through UNEP, a Clean up the World day was introduced in 1993. Clean Up Australia has launched a campaign through which it intends to raise funds from individual sponsors. Clean Up Australia day has enjoyed support from both individual and corporate sponsors. The campaign is dubbed ‘We Want You’ is a request to Australians to contribute $ 2 Australian dollars (Clean Up Australia day, 2012). Also, businesses can contribute towards the course. They are several incentives that have been set up to ensure that individuals and businesses contribute towards the course. A role of honour has been established for individuals and businesses that contribute towards the course. Businesses that contribute more than $ 5000, a company is given a special honour where they will be featured in by Clean Up Australia as a case study which will be posted on the organization’s website. High effort behaviour is characterised by several things. One of the aspects associated with high effort behaviour is increased personal cost (Barr et al., 2011). Personal cost can be incurred through direct monetary donations. Secondly, an individual can invest time and thus forego income generating activities to engage in alterna
Introduction Internet piracy mainly refers to downloading of intellectual property such as movies, television, music, games and software programs via the Internet. Illegal downloading of movies via the Internet occurs in different ways. One is file sharing commonly experienced in colleges. Other ways through which Internet piracy occur include pirate servers, websites and hacked computers. A single file posted on the Internet can result in millions of down loads bringing a great loss to the music industry. The movie industry has contributed a lot to the growth of the U.S economy. But my worry is that most people including colleges don’t recognize that illegal down loading causes a lot of problems to the movie industry. Computers are normally meant for learning purposes and research but most students have been found using the Internets for down loading movies and songs. The illegal downloading presents the greatest threat to the economic basis of movie making. Theft on movies actually hurts the local business in the entire community in United States. For example illegal downloading of movies in United States currently cost each video store almost more than $10,000 per year (Quirk36). It therefore means that illegal downloading of movies via the Internet is like tax evasion, which can only be stopped by forcing people to take the legal consequences. Due to the problems caused by this dirty act the so-called Internet piracy, I have decided to highlight some of the impacts it has on the industry in the entire United States. The illegal down loading of movies brings a big loss to the economy of the moving making in United States. Those who participate in this game have been invading taxes.As a result they threaten the economic security of the technicians, craftsmen and artisans who have put a lot of effort in creating these movies. If appropriate measures are not taken the intellectual rights of these people will not be protected (Scott 52). This paper therefore gives some of the impacts that illegal downloading has on the movie industry. It has been presented after a postal questionnaire was used to capture the relevant information required. The target groups were mainly lawyers, employees from the movie industry and some representatives from various universities. The questionnaire mainly contained questions on the impacts of illegal down loading of movies on the movie industry and the entire economy of U.S.The lawyers who participated in the study were to give information on how the measures put into place to punish movie pirates can be effectively be implemented. Coming up with effective measures can reduce the rate at which people illegally down load movies. Impacts of illegal downloading on movie industry The illegal down loading of movies causes a total loss $20.5 billion per year by the U.S movie industries (Tucker 31). This act reduces the number of jobs th
Abstract A question is the core of any historical revelation. In science and history, questions are the basic finding tools. However, in history, applications of questions have been diffused to the extent that they have become apparent discovery machines. Questions are products of quests of knowledge, which are born out of exploration. In history and all other fields of study, questions agitate mind to unearth hidden facts. As a result, Fischer 1 reaffirms that a question is a mental precursor to thinking. There cannot be any achievement in the field of history without logical questioning. The apparent nature of questions both among readers and researchers has created a lot of complexity in developing logical questioning strategy. Normally, the results achieved are undesired outcomes or a general failure in a given historical finding. Questions should be created under a hypothetical frame through construction of testable hypothetical model. There are various models of questions depending on intended goals of the historical study. Conversely, there are no specific results that should be expected. Historical fallacies are the main hindrance to developing questions and gaining desired results. There are several historical fallacies but Fischer focuses on the ten main obstacles. Introduction This paper highlights Fischer study over historical fallacies. It identifies key fallacies in historical perspective, their influences and ways historians can overcome them. While several other fallacies can be identified, Fischer identified ten erroneous fallacies that have gravely affected historical studies. Fischer fallacies are mainly based on question-framing that affects the empirical outcomes. Fischer work is based on personal research. Literature Review After outlining the significance of questions, Fischer identifies ten fallacies that affect historical study. The first fallacy he identifies is the Baconian 2 fallacy. The fallacy is based on the principle that historians can study free from assumptions, paradigms, questions, theories, postulates or any other kind of framework. Historians are supposed to wonder aimlessly into the darkness of knowledge. The second is the fallacy of many questions. Fischer identifies this fallacy as erroneous mixing of questions linking two or more questions, developing a question structure that creates a false presumption or creating complexity in question structure 3 . Metaphysical questions fallacy 4 is derived from application of poor means of solving problems. Fisher identifies this fallacy as the use of empirical method to solve non empirical problem. Questions must be developed to allow entry for in-depth analysis before a historian applies questions in the core of the issue. The fourth fallacy that Fischer identifies is the fallacy of fictional questions. 5 The fallacy is routed in developing questions that explore what might have happened in historical times as if they actually happened. The fallacy loses practicality of historian study since no evidence can be collected based on assumptions. Consequently, Fischer identifies fallacy of semantical questions 6 . This is a name
Abstract Workplace violence is a growing social problem that has many negative consequences. The workplace can provide an atmosphere of both physical violence and verbal aggression. A perceived violence climate can be reduced if the management exercises control and provides ways to eliminate violence and verbal aggression. This can be done with the institution of policies and procedures that deal with violence, by providing training on avoidance and management of violence, and through good examples provided by supervisors and managers. Examples of these techniques include methods of reporting and the formal and informal announcements that violence and other forms of verbal abuse and aggression are not tolerated in the work environment, or even outside of the workplace. This study will delve into the definitions, causes and outcomes of workplace violence, and will provide recommendations on how to avoid and eradicate this social malady. Introduction Workplace violence is a growing social problem and is recognized as “a critical safety and health hazard” (Chenier, 1998, p. 558).Injury caused by accidents and violence in the work environment have been regarded as a significant social problem. Healthcare providers particularly nurses are the most common victims of workplace violence (Di Martino, 2002; Henderson 2003 as cited in Chapman et al., 2010). As an outcome of workplace violence, some leave the profession earlier than expected (Farrell et al., 2006 as cited in Chapman et al., p. 186) but many embrace their job and care for patients and they have to take the risk of being a continual victim by patients who are the most common perpetrators of workplace violence. Some patients are bullies and nurses can do nothing to defend themselves (Chapman et al., p. 186). WPV threatens the health of workers who succumb to stress, depression, and absenteeism. Weng-Chin et al. (2010) posit that this trend can lead to shortage of health workers and undermine health services in urban and rural areas. Psychiatric wards and departments are seen as the most frequent places for WPV, particularly physical violence, and nurses are an easy prey. Some of the nurses feel that WPV is a part of their job, but even then they feel helpless and incompetent in their job because they are hurt physically and emotionally. Nurse-victims react by avoiding patients, which can disrupt their job of providing health to psychiatric patients (Wen-Ching et al., 2010). Statement of the problem and sub-problems In the United States, there are as many as 2 million workplace violent incidents recorded annually; there were an estimated 16 million recorded in 1993 for verbal aggression, and in 1992, 1
Aims And Objectives The current training practices in Kent Fire ad Rescue Services correspond to the National Framework, through constant improvements. Showing the lack of national standard measurements for training and Development. Support for standardized training and development in National Framework. Recommend adopting IPDS for Kent Fire and Rescue Service. Current Training and Development Practices The focus of the National Framework covers training and development of staff, provision of risk information, and incident command training (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2008). Other significant areas include:   * E-learning initiatives.   * Training access to Retained Duty System (RDS) staff.   * Linking training to IPDS framework. Training initiatives in Kent focus on:   * Investing in more live-fire training, performed on the defence training site at Manston and at the Denton Sea Training School (Kent and Medway Fire and Rescue Authority, 2010).   * New Equipment.   * Organizational changes to incident command formation and training. No information Integrated Personal Development System. Recommendations Equal focus on development initiatives as well as training. Focus on the development of skills and competencies. Adopt and, if necessary, modify Integrated Personal Development System (IPDS) to govern training initiatives in Kent Fire and Rescue Service. Support in Different Frameworks Civil Contingency Act:   * Emphasis on training staff.   * Maintaining plans for emergency prevention. National Framework:   * Training and development is one of the key areas for improvements.   * Linking to the IPDS framework and National Occupational Standards.   * Sharing of Risks and Critical data. Bain Report:   * More training for senior and retained staff.   * Human resource management programs.   * There is a significant role of IPDS in training and developing staff.   * Recommendation of Integrating IPDS into HRM practices (George Bain et al., 2002). Kent Fire and Rescue Service Live
A romantic style replaced classicism and marked the beginning of the new era of development in music. Composers began to resort to the uncommon forms of the expression of their ideas that were reflected in unique melodies. According to Kamien (2018), this style differed from classicism with “unprecedented emphasis on self-expression and individuality of style” (p. 219). Although composers continued using some musical forms of the past era, emotional intensity became the main feature of the romantic movement. Dynamic and harmonic shades became richer compared with those that were common during the classical period. Music acquired a more revolutionary and free character, and composers had an opportunity to realize all their creative ideas boldly. One of the representatives of musical romanticism was Frédéric Chopin, the creator of a piano ballad style. He was famous for his unique waltzes that became a vivid reflection of expressive ideas and were filled with drama and vivid emotions. Kamien (2018) gives an example of “Nocturne in E Flat Major,” the outstanding work that reveals Chopin’s art to the full extent. Transitions from one register to another are the technique that allows achieving the effect of changing the mood and reflects the colorfulness of a melodic line. Another representative of musical romanticism was Robert Schumann, the author of lyrical works filled with sensual motifs. The composer created concerts for the piano and dedicated his career to making several cycles. Kamien (2018) notes that the compilation “Fantasy Pieces” consisting of eight individual parts was one of the most significant of Schumann’s works. Each of the pieces had its unique character and mood, which was the feature of romanticism as a style where a change of emotions was the leading method of influencing the public. Reference Kamien, R. (2018). Music: An appreciation (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.