ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The paper is an essay on main themes in the play titled ‘The Hamlet’ written by Shakespeare. Themes are those issues that propel an artist whether a poet, novelist, essayist or a short story writer to write. It is worth noting that Hamle t is tragedy kind of art and it is deemed to have been written between 1599 and 1601. The play has a setting in Denmark and tells the story of Hamlet who is planning to revenge against his uncle Claudius. The former believes that the later killed his father, King Hamlet. After killing the king who was his real brother, Claudius took over as a king and married Gertrude, prince Hamlet’s mother. Throughout his quest which eventually landed him into trouble, death together with those dear to him, several themes do come out clearly. These includes, moral corruption, incent, treachery as well as revenge (Russell 164) It is worth mentioning that all these themes were developed clearly through various forms but mainly through characterization. Among the characters in this play include Claudius, hamlet, Gertrude, Polonius, Ophelia, Horatio, Laertes, Voltimand, Rosencrantz, Osric, ghost of Hamlet’s father, Barnardo to mention but a few Themes Mystery of death is one theme that clearly comes to light from the onset of the play. After the death of the King, Hamlet seems to be seriously affected by the demise of his father. He contemplates to committing suicide and viewed death from various perspectives. Many questions linger in his head especially concerning the spirits of the death, their physical bodies. On the same note, he pondered about his own death. He even though of taking his own life, but from his soliloquy, “ to be or not to be ” (Edwards 21) made him not to take such an action despite he wanted to end his suffering by taking his own life. This goes hand in hand with the theme of sin and salvation, choosing right from wrong. A second theme that is very clear throughout the play is revenge. By definition, revenge refers to a set of actions that one takes in return for being offended and injured either directly or indirectly. Before hamlets father became the king, he defeated Fortinbras father in a war. The young man planned to quickly act to restore what he deemed was his, power to rule and the land. Different from Fortinbras, Hamlet does not take revenge action as soon as possible may be because of inadequately courage (Russell 91). Despite the fact that he succeeded in revenging, the one he fought so hard for to regain the honor are all dead, him and his mother. Moral corruption similarly is clearly brought forth by Shakespeare in this play. We are meant to understand that king hamlet was not killed by a bit
Introduction For the longest time now, immigrants have continued to shape the history of America. Due to many opportunities present in the US, many foreigners move to America from across the globe. As a matter of fact, the fact of cultural diversity has been cited as one of the strongest aspects of America in regard to development. In the past, there were no restrictions on immigration to the US but the country now is characterized by many immigration restrictions. However, even with the current strict restrictions, there are estimated undocumented immigrants adding up to 12 million today. The imposition of these restrictions does not necessarily mean that immigration only impact the host country negatively but rather it is meant to maintain the country’s stability in all aspects. This paper will evaluate how the US Government should encourage the immigration because of its benefits to the nation. US immigration policy Due to the increasing volumes of immigrants, restrictions were made to regulate this number which was rising gradually. Although there were initial several restrictions to US immigration, the Immigration and Nationality Act was and still is the most effective policy although it abolishes quotas that were previously based on national origin. This was replaced by several preferences which have been used to determine who gains entry to the United States. Family members are among those who gain entry without restrictions. Other preferences include professional workers such as scientists and artists among others although their entry is only acceptable in a short supply. This restriction was meant to create equality among people from all nationalities and particularly to remove the previous restriction that had been imposed on Asia (Cohn 1). Reasons for increased immigration to the US There is no particular reason causing the ever rising immigration to the United States. Some of the contributing factors as reported by various economic historians include political and economic stability in the USA, great differences in real wages between United States and other countries, high degree of urbanization and industrialization in the United States, previous immigrations from other countries and population growth rates in the home countries of the immigrants. The factor of real wage difference between the U.S. and other countries carries a lot of weight in immigration rates to the United States of America (Cohn 1). With economy fluctuating in many nations nowadays, many employees are receiving very low income which can barely sustain their basic needs alone. Additionally, life has become very expensive with prices on basic commodities spiking up year in year out. While many countries across the globe are facing economic crisis, the United States of America have always maintained its economy stable. This has been depicted in various aspects of life including rates of wages for employees at various levels. For instance, in a country such as Kenya, university graduate employees earn a monthly salary of around Kshs. 30,000 which is equivalen
The public key infrastructure allows securing the transferring of the information. This approach can be implemented in the internet banking, private emails, and other spheres where the security should receive the priority. The easy passwords are not difficult to break, and that is when some additional proof is needed the system of the public keys is commonly used. The primary purpose of the paper is to evaluate the significance of implementation of the public key infrastructure in the working process and discuss strength and weaknesses of the system. To get better involved in the issue, the question regarding the fundamentals of public key infrastructure should be taken into account. As the matter of fact, the PKI makes the distribution of the encryption keys possible and allows the user to exchange data over the Internet privately. The PKI usually consists of the following essential elements, namely hard and software, policies, and digital certificates. Certificate Authority (CA) provides the entities with trust. The PKI has the chain system and consequently if one element is weak, the whole system suffers and can get affected. The main problem is there is no standard that is prior and dominant for all the policies. CA is believed to be a “trusted third party”, however, it should be stressed that the problems with the security put the whole system of the PKI in the risk zone as a number of fake certificates has been discovered recently (Davies, 2011). A digital certificate is considered to be the form of document that identifies the personality. The certification authority (CA) provides the needed information regarding the entity. The information stays actual for the certain time. Digital certificates are significant while they support the PKI (Karamanian, Tenneti, & Dessart, 2011). As the matter of fact, the digital certificate can be compared to the passport, and it gives an opportunity to the person to send and get the information privately and secure. Digital certificates provide the trusted and secured exchange of the files. The certificate should have a variety of characteristics for the recipient to be sure that it is real. Among such characteristics are the following, namely name, serial number, digital signature, and expiration date. The implementation of the PKI will improve the overall work of the organization making it safe and secure.
A consumer will purchase an item based on his or her need with the aim of satisfying this need. While cost is apparently a paramount determining factor in the purchase of any product, other factors such as social, personal, situational, cultural and psychological factors equally affect the behavior of a consumer. This paper aims at discussing the factors influencing my purchase of a commodity worth more than $50. The tablet is a sophisticated computer that is light and allows one to carry on with his or her daily activities from wherever they may be. As technology compresses everything to fit into the web, so are organizations and upcoming businesspersons, developers and innovators. Compared to a mere smart phone, the tablet has better computational abilities and a wider screen that makes it easier to watch movies, surf, read books and articles, and chart and video call with friends. Presenters now are using the tablet to make their presentations, giving them a classic and elegant touch. The tablet writing tools have revolutionized everything, and now, there are no hustles to writing using a tablet. My neighborhood and the media, which is always emphasizing the efficiency of a tablet, are the cultural factors that pushed me towards getting one. The tablet is deemed as the trendy technology that has made computation a lot easier. In school, the teacher comes with just a tablet and does not need to carry heaps of papers or books. This is a really fascinating occurrence that left me desiring for one. Also, having a tablet is associated with class and the people I hang out with uphold the acquisition of tablets. My friends are always wondering why I am missing out on the adorable applications in the tablet, why I have to keep on wasting my time carrying my laptop yet I could easily slide the tab into an envelope and access it wherever and whenever I maybe (Shah par.5-8). As we are doing discussion groups, my friends just come with the tab whereas I find myself carrying heavy books when my laptop battery goes down. Most of the times when I am chatting with my friends using my smart phone they always complain that I am slow and that they cannot view me properly. As a way of fitting into this social group, I had to get a tablet (Nagarkoti 11). I discussed the issue of the tablet with my family, and to my surprise, they loved the idea even though no one had acquired a tablet yet in the family. My dad actually said that with the tablet I will get A’s in all my subjects since reading time had increased. Also, my social role in the society fully allowed me to get a tablet (The 4 factors influencing consumer behavior par. 52-58). Personal factors that influenced my purchasing of this tablet were age and lifestyle. At my age I can easily explore the tab unlike when I grow old (The 4 factors influencing consumer behavior par. 60-65). Regardless of the cost, I decided to get myself a tablet and keep up with the advancing technology. In addition, owning a tablet would make my life a lot easier; I would access ebooks and online articles with ease. The tablet would make my mobility easier since I would have a reduced load to carry; hence, I would be able to
I believe the leading causes of the American Civil war were the fight over the moral issue of slavery and political differences between the Southern and Northern American states. The differences in the American Civil War were, however, solved through amending laws that would create peace between the states (OpenStax, 2019). The three major laws that led to the American Civil War were; The Compromise of 1850, The Fugitive Slave Law 1850, and The Lincoln Douglas Debates 1858. According to The Compromise of 1850, five sets of bills were passed by the United States Congress in 1850 to eliminate slavery. The bills defined the political confrontation that would solve territorial disagreement experienced during the Mexican-American warfare. Eventually, the bill succeeded in developing Free-states that would create peace in the country (OpenStax, 2019). California was admitted as a Free-State, and Texas boundary was also fixed to solve the border rivalry between the Southern and Northern states. Today, the United States Supreme Court has been able to solve legal and moral issues through judiciary review (OpenStax, 2019). The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal and also acts as the final expositor of the constitution of the United States. USA Supreme court has been able to control moral values and legal decisions concerning the country, which has helped in improving public relations. Recently, last year, 2020, the Supreme Court of USA said in the 5-4 ruling in June Medical Services vs. Russo that the state required all doctors who performed abortions to have admission privileges at the hospital within 30 miles (Schwartz & Tatalovich, 2018). The Supreme Court has played an important role in enhancing fair justice in the USA.
Key Causes of Stress for Students Stress is a natural response of the body to the challenges and problems around. This concept is old enough, and every person is free to develop different meanings and experiences to associate them with stress (Selye 14). Students, as well as other people, could experience stress because of different reasons and of different forms. Some students suffer from stress because of the inabilities to learn and memorize some new material. Dissatisfaction with grades, problems with physical or emotional health, poor sleep, and the presence of other poor habits could be the main stressors for students. Seaward explains that stress for college students could be classified accordingly regarding roommate dynamics, professional pursuits, academic deadlines and pressure, financial aid and school loans, lifestyle behaviors, exploring sexuality, etc. (15). Some students suffer from stress that is caused by the necessity to follow full schedules and the inabilities to meet deadlines. The necessity to work and study in a hurry could confuse students or make them angry with personal powerlessness. Therefore, stressors could be found everywhere, and students have to know how to deal with them and understand their effects. Key Effects of Stress on Students The fact of stress is not the worst outcome that could be observed among students. Some students cannot even understand what effects of stress they should be ready for. In fact, stress is neutral by its nature and defined as the way of how students perceive events. However, it could also be negative and positive. Positive stress includes situations when students are motivated to improve their performance and achieve success (FitzMaurice 21). Negative stress is when a person tries to do something, but no positive results are observed (FitzMaurice 22). Besides, stress could affect a student’s health and leads to some autoimmune, hormonal, or neuromuscular problems (Mensah 12). As a result, stress could promote the worsening of academic performance, increased penalties for deadlines, and the inabilities to cope with the amount of work gathered in a short period of time. Regarding such effects and outcomes of stress, students have to know how to deal with it as soon as it is identified. Results of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale The Perceived Stress Scale developed by Cohen at the beginning of the 1980s is one of the most famous and frequently used tools to measure the level of psychological stress among people (Lee 121). It does not take much time to take this questionnaire and give the answers to several simple questio
Introduction Mental health refers to the state of human cognitive and emotional condition. This refers to the feelings and behaviour of individuals. Mental health can also refer to the absence of a mental illness. Mental health is a concept that was clearly defined during the 19th century by William Sweetzer. He was the first to define mental hygiene that laid the ground for advances in mental health. Eugen Bleuler is credited for having come up with the term “Schizophrenia” during the second decade of the 20th century (Kyziridis, 2005). Nonetheless, it has to be remarked that Emil Kraepelin came up with various categories of mental disorders. There is no doubt that schizophrenia is not a new disease. This is because symptoms that are associated with schizophrenia were witnessed in the formative years of human history. In the early years, signs related to the disease were said to be resulting from possession of evil spirits. There has been debate on whether schizophrenia is a biological or social condition (Jablensky, 2010). This paper strives to give a critical analysis of schizophrenia and provide a position on whether the condition is biological or social. Historical analysis of Schizophrenia The term “Schizophrenia” is relative new in medical circles. Notably, the word was coined by Eugen Bleuler in 1911. In this regard, it can be observed that the term has only been in existence for barely a century now. In the first description of schizophrenia, Emile Kraepelin categorised the condition as “dementia praecox” in the year 1878. Nonetheless, schizophrenia has been associated with humans since the ancient times. There is evidence indicating that schizophrenia was recorded in ancient Egypt since the year 2000 BC. Notably, psychotic symptomatology and symptoms related to schizophrenia characterised the ancient communities. This is evidenced by the skulls belonging to the Stone Age humans that have holes drilled in the skulls. Research has indicated that the holes in skulls were drilled while the individual was alive to give a throughway for the evil spirits to leave the head. This mode of treating schizophrenia has become to be known as trepanning. In the ancient communities, schizophrenia was explained through supernatural understanding (Kyziridis, 2005). Incidents of schizophrenia are clearly described in the Book of Hearts. In ancient Egypt, the heart and mind were seen as being similar. Psychical illnesses were considered to be symptoms resulting from blood vessels, faecal matter, poison or evil spirits. In most instances, the people of ancient Egypt regarded the mental disorders as being physical illnesses. Among the Hindu community, mental disorder descriptions can be traced to the year 1400 BC
Contemporarily, people are equal regardless of their gender courtesy of the different constitutions across the world. This perception did not exist earlier, especially at the start of the 20 th century and earlier centuries. In the past, the society was mainly male-dominated and women were treated with little importance. For instance, the woman’s place was in the kitchen and she played the role of a good mother to her children while at the same time taking care of her husband. Literature materials published before late 20 th century mainly deal with roles based on the gender of an individual. The 19 th century was characterized by the emergence of female literary figures and writers who wrote exemplary works on inequality on both sexes, while paying attention to women’s inability to be independent and their overreliance on men. Several female literal writers paved the way for other female writers in the 20 th century. Susan Glaspell was one of the 20 th century writers and she came up with literal works that addressed various issues in the society. One of the most outstanding literal works by Glaspell is Trifles. In the play, Trifles, Glaspell shows a reflection of gender and sex roles bound on cultural notions with greater emphasis on women. Women were treated with lesser dignity as compared to men and to the society; they were of little or no importance, as they presumably contributed very little to important issues within the society. In her play, Trifles , Glaspell uses two parts of the play, one distinctive narrative on men and the other on women, in order to trigger the reader into evaluating the value of both genders to the society. In this piece of literature, Glaspell not only demonstrates the role of women, but also depicts knowledge and valuation or devaluation of perspectives on women within various contexts. This paper aims at discussing conveyance of the feminist perspective as depicted in Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles. Trifles is a feminist play where feminism means the act of agitating for women rights by any means. Glaspell goes into details to show how Mrs. Wright is an object of abuse to her husband and thus arouse sympathy from readers who would in turn support the feminism agenda of liberating women, which started in the late 19 th Century. Mr. and Mrs. Wright, the two main characters in the play Trifles , bring out the challenges faced by women as at that time. For instance, Mrs. Wright is subjected to mental suffering as a result of endless abuses from her husband, who also imposes quite a number of restrictions to her; hence, limited access to the outside world. The play presents men as uncouth creatures who never want peace in the house. Mrs. Wright spends a considerable amount of time in the kitchen, which is a symbolic representation of marriages where most women of the time spent a significant portion of their lives. In addition, Glaspell incorporates five people in the play, two of whom are women, a symbolic representation of women as
Introduction The way children are brought up is rather important for their whole lives because all basic features of character, values, and moral standards are formed in the early years of life. Besides, the future of the whole mankind depends much upon the way children are brought up, as their actions in the future will be based on things that they experienced in childhood. That is why all major sciences are concerned with the issue of children’s upbringing, as well as with the problems that one can face in this difficult way. As with any other phenomenon, this kind of human activity is connected with a lot of problems that make it much more difficult to bring up children. Among the greatest problems that can be faced on the way of the formation of a child’s personality are the situations when a child is deprived of his or her parents’ care. In this case, it is not only hard to form a complete and educated personality. Moreover, it is very difficult to protect the child from the influences of the environment that includes not only natural and ecological factors but at a much higher rate the influence of people that surround this child. When a child has no parents, there is nobody who could tell him what is wrong and what is right and this child has to learn everything him/herself thus making lots of mistakes and acquiring a great amount of negative experience (Cohen,19). What is much more important for the life of a child is that he or she is unprotected from what other people can do to him or her. Different kinds of abuses, offenses, and other things that do harm to the child’s psychology constitute only a small part of nega