ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A narrative is a type of text; it is a text that tells a story. While narratives are not always used in classrooms, they have several benefits that make their usage in teaching very beneficial. In this paper, after defining the term “narrative” more clearly, we will describe the advantages of using narratives in the middle school language arts classrooms, and the disadvantages of using only them. We will then provide five examples of the utilization of narratives in the mentioned types of the classroom. Definition of Narratives A narrative is a retelling of a story – some events, imaginary or real, between which there exists a connection; the events are ordered in space and time (Howald 722-723). It is important to note that the narrative is not the story itself, but the event of telling the story; the narrative is not several happenings, but the act of communicating those events, possibly omitting a part of them as not important or not interesting and possibly stressing some of the others. This means that narratives transform the story, often adding opinions, nuances, or emphases (“Definition of Narrative” par. 1). Importantly, the narrative should be distinguished from other types of telling, such as an exposition of an idea, description of a place where no events take place, etc. (Abbott 261). Narrative literature, therefore, can be defined as a literature that contains a description of some events. It also should be noted that literary texts that contain not only narrative but also non-narrative types of telling (description of an idea, etc.) are generally considered to be narrative literature as
Abstract Substance abuse among youths in the Des Moines community is one of the main problems that stakeholders are currently grappling with. A number of youths in this community are addicted to drugs and alcohol. Most of these addicts do not have stable sources of income, forcing them to resort to criminal activities such as burglary and robbery. The report shows that problem affects everyone within the community and as such, it needs a united approach to find a lasting solution. Introduction Substance abuse is one of the main behavioral problems among American youth today. According to Hoffmann, Erickson, and Spence (2013), abuse of drugs among the youth is a problem that the American society has tried to deal with at family, community, state, and federal level for centuries. However, it is still persisting even in modern society. Youths, especially those in high schools, often find themselves in situations where they get addicted to hard drugs, making it impossible for them to lead a normal life free from drugs. Drug abuse affects the socio-economic life of the youths. They are forced to use the little resources they can get to purchase drugs. Sometimes they are forced to steal or even rob in order to get money from drugs. The behavior not only affects the family members but also the community at large. Having drug addicts within the community is a compromise to the security of everyone. These are people who lack self-control when they develop the urge to take drugs. They can do anything to get money for drugs when they become addicted. According to Lee, Kim, and Kim (2015), the Oklahoma bombing, and the series of criminal activities that preceded the attack were largely attributed to the drug abuse among the youth. It was a clear demonstration of how dangerous this problem can be if measures are not taken in time to address it. In this paper, the researcher will evaluate the level of substance abuse in the Des Moines Community in Iowa and recommend advocacy plans that can be used to manage it before it gets out of control. Origin and Cause of the Problem Summary of the Issue Substance abuse among the United States has been a concern for a long time and the stakeholders have been working on means and ways of overcoming this problem in the most effective way possible. The federal government, state government in Iowa, and the local government have come up with ways of curbing substance abuse among the youth. Statistics show that the effort to fight substance abuse has yielded mixed results. There are areas where there have been significant
Introduction Implementation of KM practices aims to formation and proliferation of information both within and outside the organization. The current situation in the global economy and human resources emphasizes the significance of KM. The SEWA’s Knowledge Management is a strategic priority that makes it highly competitive in the global economy. The KM model includes both managing pieces of knowledge through technologies and efficient management of “intellectual capital”, which includes “human, structure and customer capital” (Al-Yahya & Farah, 2009). Main body The SEWA’s strategies are mainly based on the scientific approach and have a purpose to support environmental sustainability and to reduce waste. One of the best practices used by SEWA is the implementation of water resources regulations, which caused a reduced number of water shortages. Also, SEWA was one of the first organizations that arranged the systems for water shortage control and a greywater recycling system (Vadayar, 2015). When delivering the public speeches, the Chairman of SEWA, Dr. Rashid Al Leem, recognized multiple times that the primary goals of the organization are “the ultimately sustainable development, providing high-quality services at the latest international standards and global specifications” (“Sharjah: City of conservation,” 2015). One of the international benchmarks, which the organization strains after, is the UN Industrial Development Programme Organisation. The IDPO’s main principle is based on the maintenance of energy resources. As it can be observed, by following this principle SEWA sets its strategies on power conservation. The UAE leaders aim “to improve the use of smart services by adopting the latest technologies and strengthening relationships of cooperation
Introduction This concert was performed by Robert W. Smith. It was conducted on Tuesday, November 15, 2011, 8.00 PM at McKenna theatre at San Francisco or New Paltz. The artist performed an Africa, Ceremony Song and Ritua. The hall was well organized with the performance stage set with variety of instruments such as guitars and piano. The hall was fully packed with audience who inquisitively waited for the play to be staged. The stage looked elegant with sprinkles of colorful lights. The performers who looked fabulous with black and white suits rounded up with a variety of musical attires rocked the hall and kept the audience anticipating the show. Was this for the reason that artist was very popular? Or had the musical stirred up curiosity in the audience, or both? Whatever the reasons, this multitude appeared badly into the concert. Objective description of the music The first performance was a symphonic band staged by Robert Smith. It was written by Amparito Roca and first performed in Wind Symphony Theater. The instruments comprised of a high pitched sounding consonance which was set at a peaceful mood in the introductory stage of the song (Stein and Spillman 45). A saxophone together with a piano spiced up the melody of the song in a lovely manner. As the song advanced, the saxophone took the center stage, raising the texture as the other instrument accompanied it. The steady rhythm seemed to start getting higher and higher till the peak of the song. At this particular moment, the song dynamics stated getting louder letting all the instruments converge at the peak with a round pound, only to revert to a moderate level and finally into conclusion (Stein and Spillman 45). The second performance which involved the same group was characteristically fused with intermittent pauses that were accompanied by round of applause from the crowd. Voice and tonal variations ruled the song from the beginning to the end. The melody involved rising and falling patterns from time to time. The rhythm was also very flexible, with varied patterns which mostly came from the instrumentation and the soloist himself. Also very frequent was changes from long notes to short notes, which rhymed with the rhythmic variations (Stein and Spillman 45). At times, specific pattern of notes seemed to change gradually while other times they changed suddenly and unexpectedly. Although most of the parts of the song were homophonic, as the rhythm transcended, the instruments were used to transform the song to a polyphonic texture. In other words, notes are started in a simpler and homophonic manner, only to turn into a complex and polyphonic texture, with a mixture of orchestration. While the tone seemed softer and gradual at some stage, it suddenly turned into a loud tone. Just like the tone, the tempo of the song was flexible. Tempo went together with rhythmic variations. Sometimes the speed of the song was slow, while other time it gradually or suddenly increased. Generally, the song managed to evoke audience emo
The relationship between religion and politics is normally interpreted differently by different people due to the presence of a wide gap between religion and politics. However, the most important aspect of religion is that it plays an important role in the world of politics. Religion has been used for many years to legitimize regimes, build support for social movements, deflect social complaints, and also to provide definition and understanding of justice (Allen-Dell’Amor par. 1). The relationship between religion and politics is dependent on the type of religion and political system in question. Most nations in the modern world have put up measures aimed at separating religion and the state. However, this has been almost impossible due to the fact that there are myriads of religious aspects that have been borrowed by the state. Religion has been used by many politicians to assert their influence on the people. In the United States when the 2012 presidential campaigns were underway, Former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum came up with policies based on religious beliefs. He believed that the Republican Party was on the side of God (Allen-Dell’Amor par. 2). Religion has great influence in the moral thinking of people and thus affects how people view political policies. Throughout President Bush’s term, he based most of his principles on religion. United States is one of the few countries that have the oldest democracies in the world. Religion is still a major influence in political decision making. The influence of religion in politics is undeniable. However, these influences can either be positive or negative. This depends on how religion is used to influence politics. Politicians are known to use religious excuses when advancing their political agenda (Johnstone 198). Politics are controlled by the constitution. Most of the information found in the constitution is based on some religious background. The ethical issues, moral obligations, justice and several other aspects of the constitution have religious inclinations. The use of the constitution in managing a country’s politics therefore incorporates religion into politics. Most constitutions are religious in nature. For instance, the swearing functions of political officers require the use of religious books and religious statements. For a United States president to assume power, he or she must be sworn in using a Bible and the mention of the word “God” in the swearing in statements is very conspicuous (Allen-Dell’Amor par. 4). The current world has witnessed reduced religious influenced in politics as the world becomes more secular than it used to be in the past century. The increased level of secularism has tried to separate religion from state. Politicians who are not religious can now be voted into offices. Besides, religious leaders no longer influence political directions (Norris and Inglehart 25). In any case, the current world religions have influence on politics although the influence is not as s
There is a popular belief that the role and status of women in the pre-twentieth century society among Islamic empires were horrifying. Even though historians have reported this, they are always cautious due to the complexity of the matter. In many states, patriarchy played an important role in subjugating women to men. The social structure was characterized by role differentiation based on gender. It is reported that women were isolated and relegated to the harems. In other words, they were not supposed to participate in socio-political life. Women could not participate in economic activities such as seeking formal employment. The labor market was predominantly a men’s affair. In the legal front, women could not defend their rights since they were always supposed to serve men. In case of conflicts, women could not be represented in court. From this analysis, it is established that women were denied their rights that were provided by the traditional Islamic laws. Initial laws gave women equal rights. In the Ottoman Empire, men were allowed to marry many wives, but women were never allowed to engage in extra-marital relationships. This act was punishable by death. With the strengthening of Islam in the Islamic Empires, women were allowed to inherit property and men could only own four women. However, this was never implemented since only men were invited to implement the policy. In the Safavid Empire, women had a different role as compared to that of the Ottoman. Women were given the responsibility of advancing the works of art. Historians observe that the entire region of Safavid, Mashad was a flourishing center of arts in the 16 th century. The Empire of Safavid emphasized on intellectual values and women were supposed to provide them in society. Confidential data from Safavid proof that literacy was a policy among the privileged women at the majestic court. From available data, historians observe that literacy and access to excellent education, as well as physical exercise, appears to have been imperative issues that advanced the societal positions and tasks of Safavid women. With time, Irano-Timurid mores allowed women to take part in academic and inventive life. The intellectual environments of the Safavids and Qizilbash semi-nomadic Turkmen armed groups allowed a significant contribution of women in political and occasionally military quarters. The Old Turkic legacy of prairie land itinerant culture may have been the basis of the certain social positions of women under the Safavids, permitting unique societal human rights for the majestic women. In the Timurid Empire, women had a higher standing as opposed to men since they could inherit power in case of mischief such as death. In the Timurid Empire, the nomadic leaders had no Chinggisid men to take over the affairs of the empire after the death of the ruler. This is because men were always angry for power. It was dangerous to trust any man with power; hence the society was comfortable with the custodianship of a female member.
Introduction As a nonprofit organization government by a board of directors, United Way Suncoast is dependent on economic factors to operate efficiently. A core activity of the organization is to improve people’s socioeconomic welfare by providing income and asset support and equipping them with life skill. Running these operations depends on the availability of funds (Charity Navigator par. 1). On the other hand, the organization does not sell any product as an income generating activity. It relies on donations, grants-forms of assistance from corporate and individuals as well as investments in securities. On the other hand, it has to meet operation costs that include salaries, taxes, and employee benefits. It must also pay for supplies and other solutions or expertise that it uses to achieve its organizational objectives. These resources are affected by economic conditions. For example, cost of printing, training, and travel represent costs in services in the economy. Economic factors affecting the organization Changes in the major economic factors like government monetary policy, which affects the business ability to raise credit, affect the organization negatively (Powell and Steinberg 569). Tightening of the money supply in the economy causes most companies to demand cash payment and reduce offers on credit facilities. Such conditions can also arise during periods of recession. Eventually, they present a severe business operating environment for the organization, which necessitates cutting back on its operations to cope with cash flow limitations (Aggour par. 4-5). The organization also raises revenue by selling its property and by investing its funds. Investments are affected by economic market factors such as existing demand and the lucrativeness of investment returns in alternative investment options. Investments also have risks of a negative return, especially when investment securities lose their value. Therefore, the organization is exposed to market dynamics of demand and supply. The dynamics that affect the value of its investments depend on government policy on taxation of investment, level of integration of the investment vehicles with other sectors of the economy and level of participation of the market in the particular investment vehicle. High participation makes it easy to liquidate investment, and it also increase tendencies of speculation and turbulent pricing environment for the securities. On the other hand, less traditional investment vehicles can be stable, but are often hard to liquidate. This may negatively affect cash flow for the organization (Snipes and Oswald 73). People help worthy causes by
Abstract The main objective of this study was to test the validity of the hypothesis that it is namely the Realist theory of international relations that explains the true significance of the Chinese OBOR initiative better than does the rivaling theory of Constructivism. The rationale for choosing these specific theories had to do with the fact that the rest of the IR-models derive from either from Constructivism or Realism in one way or another. Because of the qualitative nature of the study’s subject matter, the decision was made to tackle it within the methodological framework of the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which presupposes that it is possible to gain in-depth insights into the discursive quintessence of a particular social/political phenomenon by mean of analyzing the semiotic subtleties of its linguistic representations, as seen in the academic articles of relevance. The study’s empirical phase was concerned with conducting the review of the thematically related scholarly publications on OBOR and subjecting the selected articles to the CDA-inquiry for the purpose of identifying the presence of the recurring Constructivist and Realist “clusters of meaning” in them, codifying/quantifying the obtained data, and sub-sequentially interpreting the significance of the detected patterns about the spatial distribution of the semiotic clusters in question. In the aftermath of having completed this particular phase of the undertaken research, it was determined that there is indeed a good reason for assessing the practical implications of OBOR through the conceptual lenses of Realism. The study’s foremost conclusion is that China’s declared intention to proceed with reestablishing the modern version of the ancient Silk Road cannot be discussed outside of the ongoing geopolitical decline of the West – the process predetermined by the objective laws of history. This once again confirms the legitimacy of the specifically Realist IR-model. This particular suggestion is supported by the following set of theoretical considerations: First, even though people are naturally driven to assume that it would prove something close to impossible gaining a complete understanding of the workings of one’s unconscious psyche, reflected by his or her analytical writing, this objective can still be achieved with comparative ease. For this, we will need to recognize that the m
The problem of evil is one of the most urgent problems in different religions. The issue is complicated by the fact that most religions have mane trends and directions which make it hard to create one unique opinion about the problem of evil is one religion. Considering the Hinduism and Christianity as two different religions, it is possible to say that the attitude to evil is different there as well. Even though each of these religions has some particular similarities in understanding evil, the approach to the problem of evil is different. Considering the problem of evil in Hinduism it should be stated that evil is believed to be the human choice based on the free will. To understand the concept of evil in Hinduism one should understand the meaning the concept of karma, which is believed to be one of the simplest and at the same time one of the most complicated concepts in Hinduism. Karma for Hinduism is the universal law of cause and effect oh human thoughts and actions. Each human action cause an effect, thus if an action (a cause) is bad, the effect is also bad, while is the action (a cause) is good, the effect is good as well. According to the main idea of the religion, people have the quality for rebirth. After the human death all karma is summed up and those people who managed to get a positive karma are given an opportunity to get a better rebirth, while in the opposite case the negative rebirth should be expected. Considering the evil events which are not impacted by human actions (such as earthquakes or tsunamis), Hinduism refers this to the play of the Gods who are responsible for the renewal of the life on the earth. Thus, according to this idea, when too many catastrophes appear, the world is getting ready for renewal, that is why these events can be called evil only partially. I do not really agree with the position as I believe that it is chosen just to make sure that there is any explanation to the problem. The problem of evil in Hinduism is more complicated than the renewal of the earth and this problem has not been solved yet. The problem of evil in Christianity is absolutely different. According to this concept,