ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The role of a man and a woman in human society has been a burning question since human society appeared. Many researchers from different scientific fields devote much time and effort to the study of gender roles in society in general and in separate communities as well. The present paper is devoted to the analysis of the article under the title “Male Space and Female Space within the Provencal Community” by Lucienne Roubin. In the introduction to the article, the authoress offers a brief description of her research, she acquaints the audience with her methodology, and it is as follows: “direct observation, archival research, and comparative methodology” (Roubin 152). It is possible to state at once that the methods used by Roubin can be characterized as objective, reliable, diverse, and scientifically proven. She also states the brief results of her study, mentioning two forms in the institution under study, French province of Provence. They are the traditional form and the present-day form. Ruben promises to analyze the second form to trace the evolution of male society in order to clarify the mechanisms of its existence and development. The author makes use of a subheading “Two Universes”, describing the enormous gap between male and female components of society that are so detached from each other. Among the main components of male space in Provence, Roubin mentions wine cellars as male domain that has remained till nowadays (154). Other components of male space are the village square and the church chancel. The latter is, evidently, appropriated by men unfairly as the primary function of the church is to unite all village dwellers instead of separating them. The village square is described by the author as “the very heart of male space” (Roubin 154). Women are allowed to cross it but they never stop to have a talk. There is a tendency of weakening of male space as it spreads out from the village square. For instance, if the fields are considered to be male space as well, women are allowed to enter it as they provide necessary help for men. In Provencal village, they stress the municipal male role more than the agrarian one (Roubin 156). Still, it seems that the author’s explanation of the attitude of a man and land seems difficult and needs a deeper explanation. A separate section of the article is devoted to the concept of female space. In comparison with male space, this one is, evidently, narrower and more cohesive. An interesting idea is offered by the author who states that there is certain discrepancy between patterns of female behavior and the real conduct of women. She ascribes this discrepancy to the gender of ethnologists, who are preferably male. Thus, legally a woman was presented as a minor individual guided by male authority (father, husband). In fact, the status of a woman depended on land ownership and a husband and a wife often were in relationship of cooperation and competition instead of subordination. Roubin contrasts two “universes” of the Provencal citize
Executive Summary Foreign investors have embraced the open door policy and low cost labor, existing in China to expand their businesses. In China, most international companies have spread across major cities such as; Beijing, shanghai and Guangdong regions, which provide favorable business environment for growth. Conversely, since joining the World Trade Organization, WTO, in 2002, more opportunities for Chinese have taken root. Thus, the country boosts of; increased trading area, protection regulations and negotiation power (Yu Xia and Li-Ping, 2011).Despite of major progress achieved in supply chain management by the government, there still a need for improvement, to effectively deal with pacing globalization, evolving technology and competition granted by similar firms globally. Challenges affecting Chinese firms have coiled around logistics management, legal environment and infrastructure. However, with legal reforms, embracing modern technology and globalization, it is definite that the logistical environment will tend to a new competitive advantage to logistics firms in the country. Western countries have, overtime in revamping their supply chain operations. Exploring opportunities beyond their borders, embracing cost effective strategies and government support has been a driving force for their success. However, issues such as; scalability of supply chain, data security threat and natural catastrophes have slowed down their strength. Introduction Globalization of trade and technological progression of businesses across the world have enriched trade between countries. Strategically, this has fixed an opportunity for countries to streamline their logistics management practices to create a competitive advantage (Sandelands, 1997). Countries have endlessly linked their supply chain to international networks to benefit from the opportunities existing within their national scope. The global networks have provided an elaborate logistics infrastructure, which has result in augmenting operational efficiency, fast product delivery and achieving the business objectives. This paper researches on logistics and operations management in China and Western countries. The paper explores the best practices, challenges, trends and critical issues of supply chain operations and management processes existing between these two countries. Information about China Despite recent global recession, financial disasters, and economic do
Introduction By the close of 2000, insurance companies initiated a new Commercial Property Insurance plan. The new plan, which is currently being employed by insurance companies, bears far-reaching modifications from earlier accounts. This limitation is applicable to the three insurance coverages offered by the ordinance (Rosenberg, Portner, & Stool, 2006). The three coverages include loss to the un-destroyed section of a construction, demolition charges, and high building costs. Attributable to the new Commercial Property Insurance Plan, the reality of an approval necessitating an existing regulation at the period of loss could create difficulties for people covered by the insurance. This paper discusses a number of drawbacks bordering insurable values as well as potential resolutions by taking into account property damages in addition to the physical loss and destruction of the asset. In the quest to understand risk management and commercial property insurance, one should understand the risks in society, the relationship between risk and insurance, risk management tools, and the legal principles of risk and insurance as underscored in this paper. Risks in society Some of the risks in society due to natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina as well as other catastrophes offer valuable lessons concerning the practice of acquiring and sustaining efficient insurance coverage in addition to the necessity of correctly approximating insurable ideals for real property assets. Other risks in the society that are covered by Commercial Property Insurance include risks of theft and fire (Gottlieb, Florio & Hoffman, 2008). Commercial Property Insurance is conducted by different businesses such as manufacturers, retailers, and non-profit making organizations, just to mention a few. Risk and Insurance Risk management denotes a planned advance to dealing with uncertainties that entail the identification, examination, and economical administration of the risks that threaten property and gaining capability of an enterprise. In a bid to alleviate the effect of risk, risk management embarks on methods like risk reduction and avoidance. In this way, the management has to come up with its manner of financing risks (Clement, 2010). It is evident that a relationship exists between risk and insurance, for whereas risks signify the exposure to misfortunes, insurance denotes a swap of a particular loss (premium) to another party (insurer) who sucks up all or a section of the negative impacts exposed to misfortunes. Despite organizations having witnessed the recent occurrences of disasters (like Hurricane Katrina) that bring about loss of possessions, most of them still underinsure their property. Underinsured property, owing to impractical insurable value approximation,
Introduction A prime number is “a natural number greater than 1 that can be divided evenly only by 1 and itself” (Alfeld). There are great many of prime numbers, the smallest one is 1 and the largest known prime number on the moment of webpage creation is m 39 = 2 13,466,917 -1 (Alfeld). A prime counting function π(x) “counts the number of primes that are less than or equal” to x (Bose 292). Considering the prime counting function π(x), it may be concluded that the value of π(x) increases only when x encounters the prime number. Thus, the function π(x) can be characterized as monotonically increasing one. Defining the prime number theorem, it is significant to notice that it was conjectured by Legendre and Gauss. To the word, they worked on the theorem separately and managed to achieve the same results independently. A prime number theorem is the statement that “the relative error in the approximation π(x) ~ Li(x) approaches zero as x → ∞” (Edwards 68). The following statement can be illustrated as follows, The non-linear equation can be characterized as “one that represents a relationship whose graph is not a straight line (with two variables), a plane (with three) or a hyperplane (with four or more)” (Parkhurst 229). The examples of non-linear equations are numerous, such as logarithmic and trigonometric functions, power functions (ax b ), exponentials (ae bx ) and many others (Parkhurst 229). Thus, when the theoretical information is checked, it is high time to turn to the practical assignment. Still, there is one more question that can be interesting for students is why the prime numbers should be considered and whether they are really important. Theory Prime numbers play significant role in different spheres of people’s life, both scientific and social. Related to mathematics, prime numbers are important is developing new theories, in convergent or divergent of certain series, for finite field creation, and many others that are connected with calculation. It should be highlighted that prime numbers play a significant role in coding and computation algorithms and circuits. Prime numbers in practical life As it was mentioned above, prime numbers are used in practical life. Using computers and calculators, people usually turn to Binary operation that is characterized by 2 that is a prime number. Internet shops became an essential part of people’s life. Not many people know that buying products online, they use prime numbers via credit card. Prime numbers in the credit card are created with the aim of security not to deliver the message to a strange person
Introduction The Color Purple by Alice Walker is an epistolary novel about African-American women in the southern United States in the 1930s. It addresses some crucial issues, such as segregation and sexism. This work was adapted into a film by Steven Spielberg in 1985 (Bay et al. , 2015, p.169). More than that, The Color Purple won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the National Book Award for Fiction in 1983. The novel is written as a series of letters, that are not dated, and has a fascinating and thought-provoking plot. Its name comes from a character’s words, “I think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and don’t notice it” (Walker, 1982, p. 196). Walker writes in an uneducated language and southern style to create the atmosphere of an impoverished area and develop complex relationships between the main characters and the themes mentioned above. Summary of the book The protagonist of the novel is Celie, a fourteen-year-old abused black girl who lives in Georgia and addresses her letters to God. Her father, Alfonso, repeatedly rapes his daughter and forbids her to tell anybody about what happened, except for God. Then, Alfonso marries Celie off to Mister Albert after her mother’s death. However, married life is also complicated and painful for the girl, as she has to bring up Albert’s children, do all of the housework, and suffer misery and hardship from him. After Celie’s marriage, her younger sister, Nettie, gets the opportunity to leave her father’s household and move to Mr. Albert’s house. However, Celie’s husband kicks Nettie out after a while as she refuses to satisfy his sexual demands. Nettie promises to write to her older sister, but after she leaves, Celie does not receive any letters from her. The protagonist’s life changes only when Albert’s deathly ill mistress Shug appears in his home so that Celie will take care of her. Soon after Shug’s arrival, they fall in love with each other. For the first time, Celie can enjoy emotions, sex, and friendship. Celie and Shug manage to find out why there was no news from Nettie for several decades. Mr. Albert appears to hide all of Nettie’s letters in the locked trunk. When the main character reads her sister’s letters, she opens up a new world and realizes all the abuses that she has suffered from her husband. That is why she decides to leave him and start a new life with Shug in Memphis. Furthermore, Celie learns that Alfonso is not her biological father and that her younger sister lives with the Reverend Samuel and his family in Africa. The girl also finds out that now she owns a house where Alfonso lived till his death. In the end, Celie reunites with her sister, who returns from Africa with her husband Samuel and Celie’s children and maintains a close relationsh
United States arms control since 1970s to the fall of Soviet Union, was done through strategic Arms Limitation Talks Agreement 1 and 11. These are two times of talks between the United States and the Soviet Union that are the cold war superpower. These negotiations started in Finland in the year 1969. The main aim of strategic Arm Limitation Talk 1 was to abolish ballistic missile (Gaddis, 2005). The first results of SALT 1 were announced in 1971 after the parties reached to an agreement. In 1972 the concerned parties signed the anti ballistic missile treatment. This as well came with some agreements concerning United States and union of soviet about some measures to minimize offensive arms (Gaddis, 2005). During this period, the relationship the United States and the USSR made a step forward through some agreed statements. For the United States and USSR to decide on their missiles, it had taken them a lot of time. Great losses had been experienced in both nations through the usage of their chemical weapons. SALT 1 extended from 1969 to 1972 whereby the discussion between the two parties had the main aim of minimizing their both central and most crucial weapons. Most of the agreements that were signed within this period were successful. They both took a step forward in stopping an upcoming competition in their defensive systems although it was seen as a threat to bring offenses (Ball, 2004). Strategic Arms Limitation Talk 11 was conducted between 1977 and 1979. This was between Jimmy Carter of United States and Leonid Brezhnev of Sovi
Executive Summary Marketing communication in the fashion clothing industry is a critically important aspect of the business and it represents the network of relationships that is established between the manufacturer, retailer, and the customer. The essential objective of communicating in the field of fashion marketing is to influence the customers so that their purchasing pattern is directed towards the products of the company that is extending the communication. This marketing plan attempts to present a marketing communication for launching a new range of fashion articles targeted at younger consumers by Ede and Ravenscroft. The report covers different marketing aspects related to fashion marketing proposed to be undertaken by Ede and Ravenscroft. Context Analysis In order to be able to communicate effectively with the consumers about the organization, it is useful to understand the current market standing of Ede and Ravenscroft. To present a comprehensive marketing plan it is essential to understand how the products of the firm are perceived in the market. Ede and Ravenscroft – an Overview Founded in the year 1689 Ede and Ravenscroft offers classic and contemporary menswear, ready-to-wear personal tailoring and bespoke tailoring footwear, gentlemen’s accessories, and academic apparel. The firm has 6 outlets (Gracechurch Street, Chancery Lane, Savile Row in London, Cambridge, Edinburg, and Oxford in the UK. The firm intends to enter menswear products targeting the younger generation and this market plan envisages the strategies that the company needs to follow in this respect. 4P’s of Fashion Marketing The concept of the four P’s of marketing was first introduced by McCarthy (1960) which includes the product, pricing, place, and promotion. The analysis of the product should ideally consider all the aspects related to products like quality, features, options, style, brand name, packing, sizes, returns, etc. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2004), the pricing strategy to be adopted by the firm depends on the product position in the market. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2004) placement encompasses all the activities of the company undertaken to make the product accessible by the customer. The analysis of placement with respect to a particular product needs a thorough knowledge of the available channels of distribution including the involvement of middlemen. Kotler and Armstrong (2004) identify the objective of the promotional activity of a company is to communicate the benefits and values of the products to the customers and convince the targeted customers to make their purchasing decisions in favor of the products of the firm. This is precisely the aim of this report in promoting the new men’s wear line of Ede and Ravenscroft. External Analysis The fashion garment business, in general, is subjected to the influence of a wide range of factors like the growth of direct selling and sales
A Complex Relationship North Korea and Korea as a whole have a very complex relationship with Japan. The majority of their modern history has been shaped by the annexation of Korea that took place in 1910. Although both South and North Korea gained independence in 1945, the Korean War led to the almost complete alienation of North Korea from the rest of the world. North Korea was able to establish relationships with China and the Soviet Union, to which Japan had no official diplomatic response until 1965. The reasons for this are tied to the cultural identity of North Korea, as the story of North Korean independence is closely tied to the Japanese occupation and the idea that the country of Japan is an enemy of North Korea. The North Korean Communist revolution was based on the overthrow of the Japanese regime that had tormented Koreans. These accusations are not without merit, as the actions of the Japanese Empire in the region were reprehensible and caused issues not only between North Korea and Japan but also between Japan and South Korea. For example, the issue of Japan using Korean women as “comfort women” during the Second World War was not admitted by Japan until recently (Kazue 620). After the war, South Korea also imposed a number of sanctions against trade with Japan and often freely disregarded international copyright law. However, in the modern era, South Korea and Japan have a moderately positive relationship. However, North Korea and Japan have been influenced by a number of events that have changed their dynamics. Main body In 1955, the General Association of Korean Residents was established, which assisted Koreans who lived in Japanese territory and supported North Korea. It led almost 60,000 Korean residents to move back to North Korea over the course of five years. By 1965, the first treaty opening official relations between Japan and North Korea was created. While this was initially criticized, it allowed for further cooperation between the countries in the early 1970s. South and North Korea began to be seen equivalently in the eyes of Japanese politicians, and no action that would oppose or support one side or the other was taken. These relationships shifted as new prime ministers took different approach
Nowadays, deep and persistent political dissatisfaction permeates American society. Indeed, democracy is still held as the ideal; however, its noble goals have yet to be attained. What captures attention about the social mood is that more and more citizens shift from mistrusting politicians’ actions to disdaining who they are and how they rose to power. Many people claim that those belonging to the Establishment have grown so detached from a common man’s reality that they are barely able to heed citizens’ needs. When one traces back current politicians’ stories of success, it is easy to see that many of them did not struggle a day in their lives as they came from exceedingly affluent families. The question arises as to whether replacing politicians with regular people could tackle the issue. This essay outlines three reasons why such a decision could be spectacularly disastrous. Randomized Selection The first problem would manifest itself at the selection stage. It is exceptionally strenuous to elaborate a selection mechanism that would enable building a group of people based on non-probability sampling excluding specific demographic cohorts. For instance, those with a criminal record or a history of mental disorders would not be eligible. Developing inclusion and exclusion criteria is likely to be controversial as many people would like to contribute to the discussion about who may be deemed worthy of such a high position. The first “pilot” selection is projected to have various background check errors and allow unqualified people into Congress. One may only imagine how much havoc senile, delinquent, and mentally unstable people could wreak on the work of the US House and Senate. Political Knowledge It is imperative, to be honest about an average American’s legal and civic literacy. A recent survey s