ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Food allergies belong to the most serious managerial challenges because they require designing and implementing special plans of action. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there are more than 160 products that cause food allergies. However, the most common allergens are soybeans, milk, peanuts, eggs, fish, tree nuts, wheat, and crustacean shellfish (1). This list was determined by Congress and published in the 2004 Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act. The mentioned products lead to more than 90 percent of cases of food allergies and are ingredients in numerous dishes. Even though the aforementioned list is made up of the most common allergens, there are other products that might be dangerous. Another widely used ingredient leading to allergic reactions is tomatoes (Veličković and Gavrović-Jankulović 11). They are often added to salads, sauces, pasta, soups, pizza, and more. Although the instances of being allergic to tomatoes are rare and do not exceed 1.5 percent of all cases (Boye and Godefroy 512), this product is popular in almost all cuisines of the world. Managing a restaurant is a heavy responsibility because it requires having special plans for serving those suffering from food allergies. One example is a restaurant specializing in Mexican cuisine. It is common to tomatoes to Mexican dishes and sauces. Therefore, it is vital to guarantee customers’ safety. One Mexican dish that commonly includes tomatoes is chili con carne. Both chopped tomatoes and tomato purée or sauce are added to cook it (Maldonado). When a person who is allergic to tomatoes decides to visit a Mexican restaurant and orders chili con carne, it is necessary to have a special plan of action to guarantee the customer’s safety. I would recommend mentioning that people suffering from a food allergy should notify a manager or a server (AllergyEats). It can be written on the first page of the menu, like a friendly reminder, in order to make a visit to a restaurant pleasant and improve the quality of service. When a guest, there are several steps that should be taken to ensure safety and avoid cross-contact. There are plans of action developed for servers, managers, and cooks. The primary responsibility is put on the person who was notified of a food allergy, whether it was a manager or a server. Upon receiving an order, any information about an allergen should be put down. It is critical to ensure that the cook is familiar with the problem and does not add the mentioned product to the dish. Generally speaking, there are several requirements to follow. Servers:  1. Specify whether the customer is allergic to other ingredients in chili con carne besides tomatoes.  2. Make this remark noticeable in the order, and inform cooks audibly as well.  3. Once the dish is ready, ascertain that it was cooked without tomatoes before serving. Managers:  1. Remind the cook about the customer’s allergy.  2. Make sure that the dish does not cont
Introduction In contemporary times, AIDS has become manageable courtesy of discovery of lifesaving drugs in 1996. Since then, AIDS death casualties have been on the decrease with life expectancy taking the opposite direction. Actually, an AIDS victim today may live to average of 65 years of age and this is commendable. Unfortunately, this good news have been stained with misconceptions that AIDS is not a big issue. Consequently, people, especially youth have gone out to experiment with all forms of sexual activities most of which are unprotected hence unsafe. As a result, there has been a sharp increase in new infections amongst youth, gay men, and intravenous drug addicts. Moreover, this misconception has allowed AIDS to take its toll on African-American women, a forgotten demographic. Studies indicate that, AIDS remains the top cause of death amongst African-American women aged between 29 and 34. On the other hand, as aforementioned, life expectancy is on the rise as evidenced by ageing. These intriguing facts make AIDS management an area of great interest and this paper expounds these facts. ‘Manageable’ AIDS As aforementioned, AIDS is manageable in contemporary times. This came with the introduction of lifesaving drug regimen in 1996. Introducing the lifesaving drug initiative, the chair of Stop AIDS campaign said, “Innovative initiative will be operating within a year helping to deliver vital drugs and save millions of lives…the pool should help to save the lives of millions living with HIV across the developing world who are unable to access the life-saving medicines they need” (Walker, 2009). True to these words, the fight against AIDS has borne significant fruits. Life expectancy has been on the increase; an AIDS victim today would live to age of 65 years. The lifesaving drug regimen constitutes use of combination therapy whereby, patients use more than one antiretroviral drug. The common antiretroviral drugs include zidoduvine, lamiduvine, lopinavir, tenofovir, and staduvine among others. The combination of these drugs offers better management of AIDS. “Combinations of antiretroviral drugs create multiple obstacles to HIV replication, which keeps the number of offspring low hence reducing the possibility of a superior mutation” (Dybul, Fauci, Barlet, Kaplan & Pau, 2002, p. 381). This option of combi
Homosexuality is not new in society. Its documentation goes back ages but there are some changes in the way people perceive it. However, regardless of time, people have preponderantly objurgated homosexuality from historical times to date. Nevertheless, this behavior seems to be gaining popularity among people in the recent past. States are even approving laws allowing same-sex marriages. Hitherto, homosexuality seemed to be a practice of Caucasians; however, last month two Kenyan men living in the United Kingdom became the first Kenyans to get involved in same-sex marriage. This serves to accentuate how this practice is gaining popularity across borders. Notwithstanding these alterations, what is the role of historical and scientific perspectives on homosexuality? Do these perspectives play any role in how gay people view themselves? There is enough evidence that the perspective from which homosexual people view themselves, depends largely on scientific and historical perspectives of the same. Generally, most gay people view themselves as unacceptable probably due to their unusual sexual attraction that negates the societal norms about sexual relationships (Gorman, 2009). Historically, there is enormous proof that some practices shape the way gay people view themselves. With the mention of history and homosexuality, religion pops into the mind. Religion and sexual behaviors in past societies contributed immensely to defining what is morally acceptable and what is not. The major world religions: Islam and Christianity condemned homosexuality and this stand slowly found its way into legal systems. Unfortunately, authorities passed it as a criminal offense that attracted jail terms (Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, 2005). This only served to create fear among homosexuals as societal norms and moral uprightness continued to define them. The other striking perspective in this context is heritage or psychological perspective. Historically, there are defined roles for men and women across cultures. Rathus, Nevid, and Fichner-Rathus, (2005) posit that anything outside these defined roles is unacceptable (p. 297). Traditions have it that, men are the heads of any family setting. Consequently, woman-to-woman sexual relationships appear as a way of demolishing this male dominance in society. Therefore, any woman with sexual desires towards another woman has to suppress them or portray them clandestinely. Traditions and culture, therefore, play a pivotal role in determining what is acceptable or not concerning sexual predilection. Family settings and the way children are brought up contribute largely to the view of homosexuality. Sigmund Freud, the
Introduction Over the years health care has transformed to become more complex in nature especially across the various disciplines throughout the world. New adaptive systems that have been incorporated into the health care have come to be regarded as individual agents that possess freedom to act in unpredictable ways. Concepts like knowledge translation have also been incorporated into the health care systems, which represents the notion of “translating research into practice”. Health care systems are faced with policy challenge that is attributed to technological innovation, cost control and quality of care. However, this is not the case in middle and low income countries that have to work extra hard to incorporate research evidence in their systematic review. Health care models There is enough evidence incorporated in health care system to indicate that the study evidence incorporated into the clinical practice is not consistent despite implementation of various strategies. Models have been developed for the sole reason of comprehending the knowledge translation concept. This has led the categorization of the research practice continuum into two. The first category is categorized by attaining the evidence straight, and the second category is categorized by attaining the evidence used. Pyramid-like models have been developed with the understanding of a hierarchic scheme being put across. At the highest peak of evidence pyramid, systems are regarded as clinical information support tools that can be incorporated in the patient’s record. NICE programs NICE, which is referred to as National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellent is part of the British National Health Establishment that was set up in 1999 and mandated with the task of developing standards to be used in adopting new technologies into the health care system. The institute incorporates 4 different programs that are generally regarded as NICE guidance. The NICE programs are founded on methods that are fully systematic in terms of review as well as cost-effectiveness measures that are attributed to economic modeling. In addition to this, the NICE programs are structured by different advisory groups whose members are from the various medical practitioners. Stakeholders who include the patients and the professionals are mainly incorporated throughout the different stages and are attributed to attaining complete access to systematic reviews. Middle and low income countries Despite the numerous studies conducted and numerous drugs developed, infectious diseases are still a menace in the middle and low income countries. As the new drugs continue to develop, the outcomes in these developing coun
Introduction Contraception treatments are a vital part of women’s health for several reasons. First of all, they increase one’s chances at preventing unintended pregnancies which can seriously affect women’s physical and mental health (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). Furthermore, some of the contraceptive methods present other benefits to women’s wellbeing (Yonkers, Cameron, Gueorguieva, Altemus, & Kornstein, 2017). In the first case, a 23-year-old Caucasian female raises concerns about mood swings that she experiences around the time of her menstruation. This is one of the examples where hormonal contraception can be used. This work will discuss the use of contraceptive pills for the patient and consider how to treat patients who disagree with the clinician’s recommendations. Contraception Treatment The primary advice for the patient in the first case study would be to use hormonal contraception. Oral contraceptives (pills) are one of the most common medications that women are prescribed (Taggart, Eaton, Keyes, Hammett, & Ulloa, 2018). They are used for a variety of reasons, affecting the hormone-related changes that happen in women during the menstrual cycle. For instance, they can alleviate one’s mood swings, sleeping problems, depression, anxiety, and fatigue (Taggart et al., 2018). Birth control pills contain doses of estrogen and progesterone, which are released over time to placate the ovaries’ function and stop the growth of endometrium on one’s uterus (Yonkers et al., 2017). As a result, the hormonal fluctuation usually experienced during periods decreases, affecting one’s mood and pain levels. An oral contraceptive seems to be the most appropriate option for the discussed patient because it affects the hormonal balance in one’s body and makes it more stable. It should be noted that the patient does not express the need for birth control, only for the relief of distress during menses. Thus, it is vital to discuss with the patient whether she wants to take contraceptives for mood swings or other options need to be reviewed. Working with Disagreements The topic of contraception is an exceptionally serious discussion that is also very private and important for patients. Birth control options differ according to their longevity, cost, and need for regular intake. While some options require additional commitment, others provide a limited number of benefits. Therefore, the patient’s decision in choosing a contraceptive method should be informed by the nurse and based on personal needs. A care provider has to deliver patient education and show which birth control strategies are the most effective for each individuals case (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). However, if a patient strongly opposes some of the recommended options, nurses have to look for other ways to help patients dea
Introduction In any business enterprise, innovation has to bring on board aspects of an organization’s vision, its strategies, inherent tactics, how it allocates its resources, how delegation is done, and from where the business outsources. There are well over 15 types of innovations. Indeed, these classifications have been made depending on businesses, processes, products, and markets. Innovation in an organization can completely change the way people perceive their world as it radically changes many aspects of human life. Innovation as a process involves transforming ideas into products that are valuable to the customers. Innovation, as a result, involves coming up with a valuable product that was not initially available that satisfies the needs of users that were not previously catered for. Strategy refers to where the business intends to go. This integrates its goals and objectives. Of great importance here is how the business wants to achieve these goals and objectives. These are generally called the methods or the systems of methods. Examples of business strategies include the marketing strategy, the communication strategy, and the trade-show strategy. The business strategies can also be organized as initiatives. Some types of business strategies can also be categorized as innovations. These include business models, financial models, and alliances. This essay will interrogate the impacts of innovation on the strategy, process, and products of General Motors, Microsoft Corporation, and Hewlett Packard. Impacts of Innovation on General Motors Strategy, Process, and Product General Motors enjoys a very big client base that makes it extremely difficult for new entrants into the industry to break. General Motors has embarked on initiatives that have enabled them to rake profit in extremely difficult situations. They have embarked on the provision of safety and security services by installing in-built vehicle electronics. This has been arrived at to enhance their base business. They have undertaken to engage in vehicle styling and engineering, coming up with a model that is more profitable in the truck market, investing in high margin add on and vehicle accessories, merchandising, extensive advertising, and initiation of incentive programs to enhance dealer traffic, and drive up sales volume. This strategy in the year 2001 paid off and GM’s competitors desperately started coming up with other initiatives to much its moves. However, it is worth noting that diversification of the business base is not enough. The ability of GM engineers to embrace technological advances has changed
Introduction Race distinguishes people based on the physical characteristics that make them appear different from each other. Race in the United States of America is more prominent in describing different people. During the slavery period race would justify the mistreatment of people who were enslaved. The people of the United States of America thought that those who were enslaved had negative traits. The concept of race should not be ignored because there is discrimination of people based on race that need to be solved so that all of them are treated equally. Bi-racial families should teach children to have self-esteem so that self-hatred is avoided for proper functioning of the mind. The development of a child in a bi-racial family The healthy development of a child in a bi-racial family is shaped by emotional acceptance. The mixed race people identity is unique and helped by interacting with others who do not reject them. The healthy pathways originate from having open communication about factors that influence identity. The bi-racial children encounter challenges in their development because of self-worth. The families and caregivers should help these children understand that they are bi-racial so that they can reject historical stereotypes (Tokar, 1991). The parents are able to prevent their children from damage of self-esteem by telling them to ignore those who talk about their race as well as skin color. The schools, families and peers tend to privilege the people with lighter skin, which lead to difficulties in accepting those from bi-racial families. Honesty is significant when communicating about race especially when bi-racial children are involved so that they are not discriminated. The bi-racial families fail to discuss about race with clear conversation even if children are from mixed race. This creates confusion on how to interact with other children making biracial children not to value them. Development of identity is very important for the children to grow well because the bi-racial children are many. Children develop from early childhood to adulthood where the whole process requires them to know who they are and the answer to the question is difficu
Abstract Evolutionary theory foreshadows the existence of a concrete sex disparity in mate choices. For instance, the men focus more on characteristics that indicate high fertility, while women focus on traits that point to financial prospect. The paper examines the basis of sex disparity between both genders. The paper further portrays males as more concerned with the physical appearance, while their female counterparts concentrate on the resource availability. In addition, the paper also describes the implication of age on the concept. Males of all age brackets show preference for younger mates. In contrast, young females desire older males although the pattern seems contrary for most of the women past their fertility stage. However, the paper also identifies some exceptions to the rule. Teenage boys exhibit some preference for older women. On the grounds of my interpretation of some previous studies, I indicate that gender disparity in mate preference based on physical attractiveness may be more dynamic, relative to preference for resources, prospects and social status. Introduction The concept of mate selection has existed since the beginning of humanity. This concept involves both the male and female genders. However, when it comes to the selection of short- or long-term mate, they differ in the basis for their choices. For example, people believe that most men are relatively sex driven in their selection for mates. In fact, Baumeister (2001) argues, “men desire sex more than women” (p.270). This concept, like other attributes of humanity, is evolving. Thus, there is no doubt that selection of mate is subject to social factors, such as financial resources, peer influence, and cultural perspective. This paper seeks to explore the basis of gender disparity in regard of mate selection. What elements can account for this difference? The basis of mate selection Buss (2003) supposes that people can only understand gender difference in mate selection from an evolutionary psychological perspective (p.23). Humans make mate choices with regard to their offspring. In most cultures, people talk about someone who will carry the family name after they are gone (applies for men). They choose mates who exhibit traits, which favor the conception,
The renaissance period is known to have had various effects on the Catholic Church, both positive and negative. This was the period when the Catholic Church gained a lot of popularity from people. However, it was also during this period when the church almost collapsed. This paper seeks to establish the various ways that the rise and the near collapse of the church were due to the renaissance period. Despite the very many contrasts that were existent during this period, there was a declining influence of the Catholic Church. Most humanists thought that the church still had traditional rules, values and policies which they felt that they were getting outdated and should therefore change. In the earlier periods, the Catholic Church was an imperative part of the structure that was based on the faithfulness between vassals of the feudal system and the lords. In the renaissance period however, there was a shift on focus from religious matters to money matters. The church had a hard time adjusting to this fresh philosophy. As a result the church had been accused on the grounds of corruption on several occasions, an act which gave the church a bad reputation. The high regard of the church was also wounded as some church heads desecrated the biblical regulations they were delegated to uphold and existed no differently that the worldly merchants and p