ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary Type 2 diabetes mellitus is defined as one of the most dangerous chronic diseases in contemporary societies. It poses a significant challenge to manage for individuals, not because of a lack of treatment options but rather a population issue. Because families and patients typically accomplish managing diabetes, self-management is chosen as the best method to perform diabetes care. Nonetheless, a large number of individuals have a problem self-managing their care, necessitating new intervention measures to address the issue (Carpenter et al., 2019). Therefore, it is crucial to discern how interventions influence self-management actions for individuals with Type 2 diabetes. It is essential to consider that diabetes mellitus poses a problem for self-management because of the expenses involved in acquiring medication. These expenses pose a problem for the patient’s well-being as they have to work longer and experience illnesses such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Self-management is the practice of dynamically conducting self-care actions while intending to boost an individual’s well-being and behavior. It includes measures such as planned physical activity, taking diabetes medication, meal planning, managing illness episodes, monitoring blood glucose, and determining high or low blood glucose (Carpenter et al., 2019). Treatment plans involving self-management are continually advanced in tandem with the consultation of various healthcare professionals such as pharmacists, dieticians, nurses, and doctors. An individual should maintain a regulated glycemic control using the tenets of self-management to reduce the possibility of complications related to diabetes. Nonetheless, diabetic self-management and strict glycemic controls are distinct and could be confounded by concerns connect
Gender segregation reflects existing social structures and beliefs in various societies and available options for observing such segregation. Thus, the main issue that arises is how far segregation should go. This issue came to limelight in North America when the Dean of York University granted a male student’s request to avoid female classmates because of religious reasons. However, the Dean noted that he did not have any other choice but to grant the request (Hopper, 2014). While the Dean regrets his decision, he maintains that the Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC) or the Code bound him. The Code recognizes the “inherent dignity and worth of every person and to provide for equal rights and opportunities without discrimination” (Ontario Human Rights Commission, n.d). The request considers religious reasons but fails to account for its impacts on female learners. However, it sets a dangerous precedent and undermines several achievements toward an integrated society. Accommodating such a segregation request violates liberty because strict segregation limits individuals’ freedom, especially for women. At the same time, segregation and accommodation promote gender inequality. While the West has emphasized the importance of offering equal opportunities to women, segregation puts women in the negative light and shows them that they are unable to compete effectively in the modern world. Accommodating a segregation request limits abilities and opportunities for women to interact, coexist, and practice fairness in any environment. Such practices are responsible for the widespread gender stereotyping about the role of women and men in contemporary society. Accommodating the exclusion request goes against the progress toward enhancing acceptance, tolerance, and inclusion of all persons in society. Vulnerable people, especially women, may lose their rights through requests related to accommodation and exemptions. Segregation perpetuates sex subordination for women and enhances the status of women as inferior. It is imperative to treat women and men equally to promote gender equity, which is a long-term commitment of the University. The decision to accommodate the learner’s wish received support from some quarters. Conversely, others have termed the request as ‘odd’ since it originated from a male student. Such requests undermine gender mix and collaboration among learners of the opposite sex, as well as attempts to promote diversity, tolerance, and equity. Therefore, institutions should review their approaches to individuals’ belief systems against the rights of others. In other words, religious concerns and people’s belief system should not compromise the rights of others. The fundamental source of concern is that if the West starts to accommodate every person’s religious request, then it may be forced to grant other requests supported by firm beliefs in religion, such as stoning, which
Chronic Homelessness Homelessness has been an issue in the United States for decades. The problem was first reported in the 1850s though it became a national problem in the 1870s shortly after the Civil War. It forms the central point in Cait Murphy’s article Here’s How Hard-Headed Business Practices can Help the World’s Wealthiest Nation Deal with the Hard-Core Homeless . The article presents the realities and issues surrounding homelessness. It backs up the facts with statistical evidence to show just how much the problem has grown in the United States. Therefore, this paper assesses the article’s key issues and comprehensively addresses them. Chronic Homelessness Definition There are multiple types of homelessness in the world today, each defined uniquely depending on the context and the scholar. This article focuses on chronic homelessness and gives an economic view of the issue. According to Murphy (2006), chronic homelessness describes individuals who have lived on the streets for a year or more while simultaneously having some impairment which could either be a disease, mental illness, drug and alcohol abuse, or a disability. She notes that most of the individuals who fall in this category are overwhelmingly males, and they form 10% of the homeless in America at any given night. Ways and Estimated Costs to Various Cities Furthermore, being an economic issue, chronic homelessness has costs directly related to it which in one way or another affect a city’s financial situation. The author primarily notes that homelessness is not cheap, as may be assumed by many. These costs arise from the hospital staying shelter costs, a year spent in jail, and emergency room visits offset by city management whenever a homeless person is involved (Murphy, 2006). He notes that the issue costs up to $150,000, as established by research done in San Diego. In Dallas, the figure is put at about $50,000, while in New York, it is estimated to cost at least $40,000(Murphy, 2006). This is enough evidence of just how much the issue has grown and its financial impacts on various cities in the United States. Steps to Address the Issue Additionally, Murphy presents the steps which can be implemented to bring the issue to an end potentially. The primary step involves establishing the size of the market, and this is done through a street count. A street count consists of going out to the streets at night and noting the number of people sleeping rough. Benchmarks are then
Introduction The nervous system is the major communicating, regulatory, controlling system in the body. The nervous system is the center of all mental activities including memory, learning, and thought. In conjunction with the endocrine system, the nervous system is in charge of maintaining and regulating homeostasis. The objective of this laboratory report is to dissect, identify the internal cavity of a rat, and examine the different sensory organs of a rat. Additionally, this report examines the neuron anatomy from the prepared microscope slides in the laboratory. Although humans and rats seem to be entirely different, they tend to share some physiognomies, which may include biological, psychological, or behavioral. Like other body systems, the nervous system comprises organs such as the ganglia, nerves, spinal cord, and brain. Background Information According to Snyder and others (2018), the nervous systems are developed from glia and neurons. Neurons are the key functional cells while glia plays a range of primary support roles. Subsequently, the nervous system develops as an interconnected network of cells. The brains of vertebrates are the largest nervous organs, while other simple animals such as jellyfish have nerve nets (Mastorakos & McGavern, 2019). Researchers posit that self-awareness or consciousness is one critical concept of the nervous system, and helps to differentiate between perception and sensation. This report explores the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system of a rat. According to the National
Human beings show great variations in terms of their personality traits mainly because of the differences in genes. Traits could be defined as the consistent prototypes of behavior, idea, and feeling, which differ from one individual to the other. Based on this definition, personality traits are often stable and vary from one individual to the other. For instance, psychologists have proved through research that some individuals are outgoing while others might be shy. Traits are very powerful in the sense that they influence human behavior. A number of psychologists have engaged in research to establish the way traits influence human behavior. Gordon Allport was one of the first theorists to engage in these types of studies (Saul, 2003). In his theory, Allport noted that traits could as well be referred to as dispositions since they are basic to any individual meaning that an individual cannot do without them. At least two types of traits exist, one of them being central traits while the other is secondary traits, which are more peripheral. Modern evolutionary psychologists apply the theory of natural selection and sexual selection to understand how human traits vary among individuals. Such psychologists are of the view that the human mind has a modular structure that is comparable to the functioning of the body, which affects the behavior of an individual. Based on this, the actions of an individual are greatly influenced by psychological adaptations, which evolve to deal with the current issues affecting individuals in the environment. Human beings show variations in their actions because of the frequency-dependent selection or facultative adaptations. Therefore, traits in people may vary since the genetic make-up is different. The variations among human beings are too many. People would vary in terms of their openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, self-esteem, novelty, perfection, and even rigidity. However, this paper discusses one variation among individuals, which is impulsivity. Impulsivity refers to taking risks. Those considered impulsive are often poor planners and they would tend to rush into conclusions without a careful evaluation of an event. Impulsivity is directly related to genetics since the lesions in the right inferior frontal gyrus in the brain cause it. This situation is passed from one generation to the other through genetics meaning that parents would automatically transfer to it to their children. People with this condition have serious problems when it comes to making decisions in life. It would be difficult for an individual with this problem to postpone his or her plans since they would always wish to accomplish their objectives as soon as possible. Impulsivity is a kind of trait that dr
Asia has a long and rich history and it has seen its share of wars for territory and dominance in the region. China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan have signed several treaties after World War II, which specifically outline the circumstances between the countries. The unique relationship that each nation has with the other can be seen by the conditions that are set out in each individual and unique agreement. When the Second World War finished, Japan and Allied Powers signed “A Treaty of San Francisco”. This took place in 1951 when the war was officially over but there were two more treaties that were signed in the later years. Because the end of Second World War was made official, the nations felt that they must acknowledge the unified goal towards better relations and as such have included points that were same for all nations. Even though these were peace treaties, the content was affected by the historical relationship among nations. The reason for treaties was in answer to Japan’s damaging treatment of China and its people. The treaty that was signed by Japan and Taiwan and the one between Japan and Korea had the same specificity. Article II of “Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea” states that “it is confirmed that all treaties or agreements concluded between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Korea on or before August 22, 1910 are already null and void” (Radtke, 1990). A unique fact is that the third treaty did not have the same point of nullification which makes a distinct statement about the relationship of the two nations. The date is of importance as this was the time when Japan overtook Korea and did it in a forceful way. It was necessary for the peace treaty to contain this acknowledgement of Japanese aggression in the past, so that such matter would not repeat itself in the future. There was much animosity between the two nations because a number of trade agreements were unfair and damaging to the whole country (Wang, 2000). After the first Sino-Japanese War, Taiwan, Penghu and some territory of the islands went under Japan’s rule, ending in 1895 (Radtke, 1990). In relation to the matter, Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty between Japan and the Republic of China was signed in 1952 which put an end to the Second Sino-Japanese War. It has been known that Japan has treated Korea and Taiwan in an abusive way, using residents harshly and aggressively. The peace treaty emphasized the fact to prevent any future occurrences. One of the most important differences in the treaties was the territorial ownership and domination (Oros, 2010). Those agreements signed between Japan and Korea, and Japan and Taiwan did not have any mention of regional dominance, whereas the treaty between Japan and the People’s Republic of China stated that neither had plans or goals to become dominant in the region. This happened because in the late 19 th century Japanese military had more advancement over China and has taken possession of parts of Chinese land and some islands in the area. The two Sino-Japanese wars were proof that Japan was actively seeking domination and so, this was an important factor to include
Nowadays, mystery compositions are regarded by many people as ordinary relaxing melodies that are associated with the Middle Ages. However, in the past, when the laws of church were followed strictly, mysteries were important performances concerning some central Biblical stories. Today performers rarely sing a cappella, but mysteries were usually performed in this way. The mystery under consideration is not accompanied by instrumental music. Initially, the mysteries were performed during fairies, where many people could see them. The purpose of the mystery was not to entertain but to reveal certain stories, teach certain values. So, there was no need for music. The folk’s attention was drawn completely to the story and singing. Of course, it is quite difficult to imagine what could medieval people feel when listening to the mysteries, but it is possible to assume that they felt that God’s grace is a possible future for their souls. There are two choirs: female and male group of performers. This peculiarity makes the piece similar to works of the famous composer Palestrina who also created compositions for two (or sometimes three) groups of singers. The voices create a beautiful polyphony, which was a norm for the Middle Ages. This texture produces a fascinating effect of solemnity. This texture makes a mystery similar to the church chants, which are also very solemn. There are two more similarities. In the first place, the composition under consideration is performed n Latin, and in the Middle Ages, all the services were in Latin as well. Latin was the language of all monks. Secondly, mysteries also represented various sacred stories, usually taken from the Holy Writ. Admittedly, both genres bear a certain sacred burden. Of course, at present, the vast majority of people do not perceive such composition as something sacred. The slow tempo of the piece and the peculiar rhythm create a relaxing atmosphere. Despite the absence of habitual instrumental accompaniment, contemporary listeners also appreciate the composition. One of the characteristic features of the mystery compositions is the change of pitches. The present composition also uses different pitches. Interestingly, at the beginning of the composition male voices are the background for female voices, but in the middle of the pieces, the performers change their roles. It is necessary to mention the meter of the present composition, which serves to create the same effect. It is the effect of harmony in the world. These mysteries have always helped people have rest from vain secular life and think about some spiritual perfection.
Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1875) was already forty-eight when she received her camera as a gift from her daughter and son-in-law. The year 1863 is considered to be a starting point of her career as a photographer, which, was rather short – only 11 years in total. It is known that the fame did not come to Cameron at once; at first, her photographs were regarded as ‘mistakes’ due to the fact she took an unusual approach to photography and treated it as an art. As the photographer later wrote in her unfinished memoir “Annals of my glass house”, from the moment of the first shot, the camera had become a link to the world of artists, scientists, and writers. Naturally, Cameron’s beginner steps were quite uncertain: she had little idea of how to focus a sitter or where to place a dark box. However, during the next eighteen months, she had sold eighty printed photographs to the Victoria and Albert Museum and even managed to establish a studio within its walls. It needs to be mentioned that the photographer never had any interest in arranging a commercial studio. In the majority of cases, she preferred to picture her own family, household staff, and close friends. Cameron often referred to costuming as the means to transform her models into religious and literary figures: her maid was once the Madonna, and her husband is known to try the role of Merlin. Inspired by the Italian spiritual concept of the fifteenth century, the woman put forward all the artistic goals in what referred to as photography. Alas, those goals were not understood in the right manner by other photographers of her time and, thus, Cameron had to look for acceptance elsewhere. Luckily, pre-Raphaelite artists had found her works exciting and then helped to become a symbol of modern photographers’ inspiration.
Introduction This paper discusses the economics of deploying commercial air transport or air logistics companies. It compares the strategy with the economics of the UAE defense force, which runs its air logistics aircraft. It sets the stage for this debate by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of leasing over owning transport aircraft. Besides, it recommends whether the UAE defense force should obtain a commercial air logistics company. The UAE has an air force, namely the United Arab Emirates Air Force (UAEAF). To date, it has about 4000 people operating more than 368 aircraft (The UAE 5). These people receive salaries and wages at the end of every month, even though many of the aircraft does not fly to full capacity. If the air force decides to lease aircrafts instead of operating its own fleet, it gains the advantage of lowering the cost of operating the air force since the planes will only be called for when required. This move might also mean lowering maintenance costs since the companies that will be operating the leasing of planes business will assume such costs. This paper is organized in two sections. However, before presenting the first section, it gives a summary of the UAE air force. Section 1 investigates the economics of the air force and that of the UAE commercial air logistics companies, which operate in the cargo and passenger industry. However, this discussion is restricted to Strategic Airlift, Tactical Airlift, and VIP transport. The second section offers economic recommendations on whether the UAE defense force needs to deploy commercial air logistics companies. Summary From an economic perspective, idle equipments are considered waste. They consume resources without any substantive gain to an organization. Leasing aircrafts means that the companies that lease the aircrafts to the UAE air force will have to operate their businesses in a manner that ensures they remain profitable. The air force has gone through tremendous growth based on the number of aircrafts and its outstanding transport capability. This situation suggests that the air force must provide plans to the companies concerning when they intend to use the planes to ensure they (companies) avail the plane in time and in a reliable condition. Although the plan of leasing aircrafts to the military is based on the idea of lowering the UAE air force budget, companies that operate the plane leasing business must standardize the design of the planes since they serve different customers, not just from the UAE. This situation introduces the problem of customizing aircrafts to fit the diverse needs of the state’s air force. Such customization is cr