ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction For quite a considerable time now, the United States of America has had a comparatively poor medical policy compared to all other developed countries in the world. As a result, the US has been observed to have an unfavorable quality healthcare. Moreover, this care has been unaffordable to many individuals, especially the poor. Therefore, the private insurance companies exploited their clients as the government did not have a concrete plan of ‘bailing out’ its citizens. Poor citizens and immigrants could not afford taking the insurance at all. It is for this cause that President Obama instigated the Health Care Reforms. He targeted bringing about changes in the existing system to ensure quality and affordable care for all Americans. The US Needs the Health Care System Reform The debate of whether the United States should have initiated the healthcare reform should be based on the premise that, there is increased need for care and the fact that health issues are particularly critical for the survival of a nation and that the previous system had deficiencies. Therefore, discussions should not be as to whether there should be reforms or not but rather the best way to cause these reforms (Marleise 2007: 10). Healthcare reforms were not only inescapable but also highly desirable. The reasons for arguing that reforms were enviable include among others;  1. The numbers of the United States citizens who are uninsured over health had increased to a great number (Marleise 2007: 11). It is estimated to be over 45 million including immigrants were uninsured in 2007.  2. The healthcare in the US had become increasingly unaffordable for many Americans because of their economic situation  3. With quality care and free access to medical services, many Americans would be encouraged to seek preventative care and research their problems early enough, so that treatment is efficient and cheap. It is suspected that currently, patients usually avoid these physicals and primary (preventative) care because the expense.  4. The care providers will have more time to concentrate on the purvey of care rather than processing the insurance claims, liability from malpractice and other issues that smudge the existing healthcare system (Marleise 2007: 10).  5. There will be no much paperwork, like claims documents, insurance procedures plus patients with preexisting conditions will still access care without restrictions or obstacles. Obamacare Addresses the Deficiencies of the Previous System Appr
The psychodynamics of the democratic leadership style, including the structure of the value system Democratic leadership involves all the people within a team. Democratic leaders find ways to influence the rest of the group members to assimilate the qualities of the group to their core identity. As a democratic leader, one must focus on the social aspect of life because such qualities guarantee success in leadership. The social identity influences the core identity of a person in democratic leadership. On the other hand, the personal qualities of a leader affect the group identity. Leaders try to propagate their idea of life into the rest of the group members (Hogg, 2001). For instance, an innovative leader would try to instill innovative skills to every member of the group. This approach of leadership helps in motivating followers to work for a collective goal. The value system of a leader has a significant impact on their general leadership concept. As a democratic leader, it is easy to assimilate my value systems into the leadership activities because my personal and business life is the same. My value system helps in shaping my decision-making techniques, as well as my behavior as a leader. For instance, I believe in inspiring and motivating my followers. Therefore, during the decision-making process, I allow people to speak their minds, and I consider all the suggestions made. The value systems of people determine how they view the external environment (Peterson, 2013). A person with high levels of visionary sees challenges as opportunities for growth. The value system of leaders is what differentiates successful leaders from good leaders. Additionally, my value systems help in the value creation for the stakeholders as well as in making strategies. Despite the group identity of democratic leadership, the leader must have a plan for the future of the organization. Value systems help in shaping the strategies of the organization. Group members identification with their leader and the concept of followership It is rather imperative for followers to identify with their leaders for business success. The leader has a duty to inspire the group members to believe and trust in the course and the purpose of the group. The leaders must show a level of trustworthiness, compassion, stability, and hope for team members to identify with them. Followers respect and bestow power on a manager depending on the leader’s ability to show commitment to the group. The respect helps the manager to influence the team to operate in a certain way that guarantees success. In addition, followers who identify with their leaders easily conform to the group dynamics (Knippenberg, 2011). In general, the success of an organization is embedded in the followers’ ability to identify with their leaders. Group prototypically is important in achieving followership. However, the leader’s individualism is necessary
The health of an individual must of essence encompass all these facets to live a quality life. Generally, the problem of health is one of the main at present times and it should be paid a lot of attention of. Psychologists have made research seeking to understand the dynamics of healthy living and whether it is only limited to the physical well-being or it is a wider scope. It goes without saying that the health of each individual, in particular, depends not only on them but also on the attitude of the surroundings and the action of the governments in corresponding existing situations. To understand the psychological perspectives attached to health we consider a case of an Australian movie namely the Black Balloon that presents a peculiar but rather unfortunate situation of a family that is faced with a reality check experience. Health psychology revolves around the wide area of the cultural, psychological, biological and environmental factors that encompass the prevention and the physical well-being of an individual. It would be pragmatic to begin with a brief characterization of the main characters of the movie. There are several characters coming into play such as Charlie, Jackie, Simon, Thomas and Maggie. Charlie is the elder brother of Thomas, born of Simon and Maggie, whereas Jackie is seemingly Thomas’s girlfriend. The family is confronted with the hurdle of living with an autistic teenager, Charlie, who seems like a child in a man’s body. In particular, Charlie expresses awkward behavior that irritates his younger brother who becomes the center of attention even in his new school. Amidst this challenge is the fact that the mother of the family is expectant of a third child sooner than later. Maggie has developed pre-eclampsia even as her time of delivery nears and is consequently advised to take bed rest. According to Brown (2003), it is a condition that usually occurs in a state of pregnant women whereby the incumbent experiences high blood pressure with unusual protein content in the urine. If not kept under check, the condition could lead to eclampsia which endangers both the mother and the unborn child. It is in light of these settings that we seek to explore the psycho-social factors that surround Maggie’s scenario as an expectant mother, diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and of necessity required to take care of a child with a special need. The report also illustrates how several psychological theories and models would be applie
Introduction Jones family is a nuclear family living in New Harlem neighborhood in the state of New York. Specifically, this paper seeks to use the family in order to achieve three main goals. First, the paper seeks to examine the impacts of functional patterns and role structure of the family. Secondly, the analysis will examine family relationships and communication patterns. Finally, the review will attempt to identify various factors associated or affecting health promotion in the selected family. Description of nuclear family form As mentioned above, Jones family is a nuclear family made up of six people. The couple, Jones and Joyce, has four children aged between 6 and 17 years. Annie is the couple’s first child. She is 17 years and a student at a local university, where she is taking a degree course in mass communication and journalism. The second child is Dave, aged 13 years and a fresh high school graduate but expecting to join a prestigious university. George, the third child, is about 9 years and a student at a local elementary school. The final child, Judy, is 6 years old. Social-cultural data analysis Jones family is an example of a modern American family characterized with a number of social and cultural aspects. First, it is worth noting that Betty and Jones belong to different ethnic backgrounds. While Jones is a Caucasoid, Betty is a Hispanic American whose parents emigrated from Mexico some 40 years ago. Nevertheless, she was brought up in California, Virginia and Texas. She was educated in Texas and Massachusetts. On his part, Jones was brought up in Texas until he joined his first university in New York. They met in New York some 20 years ago. Therefore, the ethnic classification of the family is mixed up. While Jones and the wife are white and Hispanic respectively, the children are considered Hispanic as per the social norms in the US. Thus, the family is considered a cross-cultural institution that represents more than one ethnic group. Genogram and ecomap Genogram Ecomap Ecomap As the ecomap above shows, the inner circle relationships between various individuals vary significantly (Schilson & Braun, 2009). The relationships marked by strong black connector are strong. This suggests that the relationship between Jones and his wife is very strong. The same also applies to the relationship between Jude and her parents as well as siblings. Inside Jones’ family, the relationship between Annie and
Introduction Websites, such as Alibaba.com, create a great opportunity for SMEs to expand their sales and production. Alibaba.com and Trade-india.com have similar features on selecting products and suppliers. The usefulness of the information to a buyer is that it offers a wide range of companies and products that an individual can select. The websites lower the cost of marketing, labor, and retailing. The three sites offer a simple path of registering a seller. A single click is enough to put the seller on a page where he can begin the registration process. Fraud can come from the ordering procedures that require customers to make payment before goods are delivered. Fraud can be reduced by using a third party to hold money on behalf of customers. The third party can release the money once all the terms of trade have been met by the supplier. In the short run, the problem caused by lack of infrastructure can be solved by convenience stores. Ease, usefulness and potential value of the website The product I would like to purchase is genuine leather. I type genuine leather on the advanced search field and look if there are categories that match my search. I click on search, since there are no direct matches. Most of the categories are about finished goods. I want genuine leather material that I can use in the fashion industry to make items such as jackets, wallets, belts, and shoes. I choose suppliers and the gold standard criteria. The list of companies that qualify is large. The selection shifts to lower prices, and suppliers with a wide range of colors. There are about 38 companies per page, and there are 90 pages. Most companies are located in Asia. There is a large of number of suppliers, which may increase the difficulty in choosing one supplier. The two companies that I select are Jinjiang King Lion Garment Trading Co., in China Mainland, and E.F.A International (SMC-Private) Ltd., in Pakistan. I select Jinjiang King Lion Garment Trading Co. because of its low prices. The material costs US$ 2.5 – US$ 4.5 per square meter of genuine leather (Alibaba fig. 1). The material can be used for making handbags and shoes. The delivery time is also a factor in the selection. Jinjiang King Lion Garment Trading Company delivers a package between 10 and 15 days. It offers a wide variety of colors, which makes it easier for a fashion designer (Alibaba fig. 1). E.F.A International is selected because it offers a wide range of genuine leather with a light weight that can be used for apparel. It offers a wide variety of colors. It is chosen for sheep, goat and pig leather. The price is higher than the price offered by companies operating in China. The price ranges from US$ 1.99 to US$ 2.75 per square foot (Alibaba fig. 2). The goods are delivered in a period of 30 days. Selecting a product and a company, based on price and ratings given to the supplier, is an easy process. The usefulness of the
The film is about young Africans who decide to go to Paris in France to better their lives. They try hard to acquire boat tickets to go to France hoping for stability and prosperity. This is because they have been pushed by the desperate conditions in Senegal. The film revolves around Mory and Anta. Mory is a former herd’s boy who is a motorcyclist. Anta on the other hand is a student at a local university. It emerges that the University is not a safe-haven given that it is prone to decadent revolutionaries. The theme of poverty is evident in the film. Mory and Anta, for instance, want to travel to France from Senegal but lack money for that. They opt to steal the money to cater for the travel expenses. First they steal a box at a wrestling match hoping to get some cash in the box. They later steal money and clothes from Charlie the rich homosexual who had been attracted to Mory. The film portrays the Senegalese society as one which is divided by class. On one side there are the wealthy that are mainly the urban centers and live lavishly enjoying the amenities. On the other hand there are the poor, who are mostly in the rural areas and are in abject poverty, having no access to basic amenities. When Mory decides to alight from the boat he goes back to Medina, which is a slum where people live under deplorable conditions (Ukadike 173). The other theme that is evident in the film is cultural alienation. Mory is portrayed as a young man with no respect for the Senegalese traditions. Instead of riding on a steer, he rides on a motorbike with the horns of a cow tied to the handle bar. While searching for the money to facilitate the journey to Paris, Mory is willing to sell himself to a rich African Gay individual, Charlie. This is contrary to the African culture which abhors homosexuality. It is evident that the well-off Africans emulate the lifestyle of the whites which is contrary to the Senegalese culture. Neo-colonialism is another prominent theme in this film. Mory and Anta, for instance, perceive their community as backward and they try hard, even stealing so as to afford their tickets to Paris, their dream city. They therefore perceive the Whiteman’s lifestyle as superior. Some of the rich and elite in Senegal have adapted the Whiteman’s lifestyle, like homosexuality which is abhorred in the African culture. Mory and Anta also make love yet they are not married. This is against their culture. The Senegalese culture is depicted as one which has lost its values and has been encroached by the Whiteman’s culture. The film was first released in 1973 after independence. Senegal is depicted as a nation grappling with the search for its identity. When Anta attends some of the meetings with the revolutionaries, it is evident that they speak in French and tend to resurrect the colonial practice. Racism is eminent. The theme of suffering is also portrayed in the film. Majority of the people live under deplorable conditions with no access to amenities. Most of the poor live in the
Business Profile Glowork is an online recruitment facility that has been helpful for both employers and job seekers, especially females. The facility is the brainchild of Khalid al-Khudairi and some other like-minded young entrepreneurs. Started in the year 2011, the facility has proved itself to be of immense help. Though initially there was a lot of resistance from religious fanatics, Glowork was able to garner support from the Saudi government. It is understood that Saudi Arabia is an Islamic nation, where the law is based on Shariah that allows less freedom for women. Saudi women are usually confined to their homes. Recent years have witnessed some leniency in such restrictions; females have been allowed to pursue education, but unfortunately, they are unable to get jobs. This situation exists due to stringent labor laws of the Saudi government, according to which employers have to provide a separate workplace for males and females; this obviously increases the overhead expenses. So, businesses desist from employing females. It is estimated that 1.2 million women between the ages group of 20 and 35 are unemployed, which represents 86% of the unemployment market in Saudi Arabia (source – Ministry of Labor, Saudi Arabia). Further, 60% of women with PhD certification (doctorate) are unemployed. Various obstacles are prevalent for women to enter the labor market, such as the limitation to drive, segregation laws as well as laws that do not allow women to work in certain sectors and industries. Glowork’s vision is to be the leading enabler for women into the labor market throughout the Middle East. The company’s strategy is to collaborate with the government, private sector, NGO’s, and universities to bridge the gap on hand when it comes to women in the labor market, as well as change mindsets of people and employers using a systematic approach. Glowork’s vision complements the Saudi government’s feminization program; the company’s vision is to become a job creator by influencing changes in current laws. Adel Fakieh, who holds the portfolio of minister of labor in the Saudi government, recently stressed the need to replace the male workforce with females in certain areas such as lingerie stores. Past Performance Within a short period of 3 years, Glowork has created a niche for itself in the employment sector. For the rest of the world, it might not seem to be tough to get jobs for women, but in fact, Glowork had to overcome several hurdles in order to achieve the reputation that it has today. Some major achievements of the company are mentioned below: The company developed an online portal that links female job seekers with employers. Since driving is a limitation for women, the website assists them in applying for jobs from home. Also, there are segregation laws in the Kingdom, which limit women from going to certain companies and applying in person. Moreover, the HR departments do no
Cape Town city, located in Western Cape region, is the capital of South Africa. The city has developed from the historical scars of apartheid and has become a model for urban planning and development. This report studies three aspects of the city –demographic transition, migration pattern, and economic condition in the city. Demographic Transition This section provides information regarding the transition in the demographic profile of the population in Cape Town city. The demographic transition will show a trend in change in the demographic profile of the city from 1996 through 2007. Population The population of Cape Town according to the Community Survey report was 3,497,097 in 2007. This was an increase of 20.9% from the census data of 2001 and 36.4% since 1996 census (Small 6). The city showed a very high increase in population as compared to the population growth of South Africa, which was by 8.2% between 2001 and 2007. The population growth in Western Cape was by 16.7% in the same period. Cape Town showed the highest increase in the population growth of the province and it comprised of 80.2% of the population increase of Western Cape (Small 6). Population by Race: Figure 1 shows that there has been a higher degree in increase in Asian and Black African population than coloured or white population. The growth of Black African population (89.4% since 1996) has been highest in Cape Town. The second highest population growth has been for the Asians (64.6% since 1996). However, the largest population in the city is coloured population since 1996 through 2007. The population of whites in 2001 declined however, it showed an increase of 24% in 2007.                Population Growth                1996-2001          2001-2007  1996-2007 Black African  42.29              33.10      89        Colored        12.31              10.46      24        Asian          9.59               50.19      65        White          -0.16              24.68      24         Table 1: Population Growth based on Race (Small) Figure 1: Demographic shift based on Race (Small) Population by Gender : The gender ratio has shown a remarkable transition in the city since 1996. The city had a dominant female population in 1996 that changed from 51.6% of total population to 50% pe
Meaning and Definition of Qui Tam Qui tam is defined as writ that allows a private individual who provided assistance in a prosecution case to receive all or part of the penalty imposed on the accused. The Qui Tam writ has its origins from the Common Informers Act of 1951 formulated for both England and Wales to be used by the king in common law matters and actions. The Act had a qui tam writ provision that stated that “[he] who sues in this matter for the king as well as for himself” which was the first qui tam writ to be enacted. The Act was incorporated in the US constitution under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C 3729 et seq (Doyle, 2009) Qui Tam’s actions are the detailed analysis of the Civil False Claims statutes that outline the litigation procedures that will be used in the case. The qui tam actions also involve establishing the merits of a claim by determining what amount will be allocated to the plaintiff of the case. After the plaintiff has filed a qui tam action, the case is put under seal which can be only be lifted by the federal court and the US government once investigations into the fraud case are complete. The seal is meant to restrict the defendant from disclosing any information about the case to anyone to prevent a conflict with the defendant and the Securities and Exchange Commission regulation. This regulation requires that the defendant; whether a private individual or a company should disclose information about the case that might affect the stock prices and the stock market (Doyle, 2009). History of Qui Tam Writs The earliest example of a qui tam provision was the 695 declaration made by King Wihtred of Kent in the 13 th century that stated that “If a freeman works during a forbidden time like on the Sabbath day, he shall forfeit he heals fang, and the man who informs against him shall have half the fine, and the profits arising from the labor.” (Doyle, 20