ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The song Where Do Broken Hearts Go by Whitney Houston poses a question in its title. It seeks to understand whether true love lasts through challenges in life. The theme of love revolves around the song as Houston claims the lost love she initially had. In the plot, she and her lover might encounter a lousy relationship and decides to part ways for a while. However, it is unclear whether the former lover stills feel the same as Houston. In her song, Houston points out that the short breakup with her makes her need the partner more. Her life is not good with him, and she wants a reunion. She acknowledges that sustaining a relationship requires much effort and perseverance. The song revolves around several poetic and literary terms like imagery, rhyme scheme, rhetorical questions, and personification that reveal the poem’s meaning and make it enjoyable. In the poem written by Chuck Jackson and Frank Wildhom, there is a rhyme scheme. It creates a tone and makes it more attractive to the listeners. For instance, lines 5 and 6 “We needed space/ But all we found was an empty place” create a rhyme scheme with the words ‘space and place’ (AZ). The rhythmic flow of words encourages the reader to continue reading. Also, there is imagery in the song, which creates a snapshot in a reader’s mind. The reader can perceive Houston’s feeling of loneliness as she wishes to reunite with her lover. She profoundly feels that her lover cares for her and that they will reunite and bring back happiness (AZ). The form of this poem consists of 58 lines that create rhythm, repetition, and a stanza that emphasizes. It is therefore structured to develop an exciting tone and easier understanding to the reader. Besides, a rhetorical query exists in the poem, and the question “Where do Broken Hearts Go” is rhetorical as it does not require an answer. The narrator asks to reflect on her situation where she is broken-hearted in love and wonders where she has to shift her love. Moreover, it is ironic that the two lovers initially parted ways voluntarily, but Houston begins missing her lover and wishes if they would make love again. She later develops needing her lover desperately rather than moving on and love someone else. Furthermore, personification is present in the poem, where broken hearts can find their way home. Broken hearts are inanimate objects used in verse to possess human skills to return home (AZ). Therefore, the poetic and literary terms used in the poem make it exciting and emotional. They also allow the narrator to express a deeper meani
Needs Assessment Currently, cases of manic disorder are on the American agenda due to the increased ratio of population suffering from this psychological and mental disease. Particular attention, however, should be paid to female population suffering from medication-triggered manic disorders. In the majority of cases, lonely mothers and housewives belong to the most vulnerable target group suffering from depressions because they often receive less support and recognition from social and psychological perspective. These women fall under the age category from 28 to 45 years because this category has a wider experience in caring for children, as well as difficulties that women face in relations with their husbands. Lonely mothers, however, are more absorbed with looking after children, taking part-time jobs, and planning budget to sustain normal living for children. Though housewives do not have money problems, they are socially separated from the social activities and, similar to single mothers, they suffer from moral frustration and depression. Both different groups can potentially resort to medications to raise their mood and avoid manic disorder. The client group preparation should also be congruent with the group workers’ expectations. In particular, a strict model should be worked out to meet the clients’ needs. Working group should pay attention to several perspectives. First, group workers should realize the fact that group working should be based solely on medical treatment of symptoms of mental disorder due tot the presence of psychological, social, and emotional contexts, as well as group identification (Brandler & Roman, 1999). Needs of housewives and lonely mothers differ much from other social groups Therefore, the working group should fit in the new contextual dimensions and consider historical, economic, and cultural backgrounds of patients in the group to define solutions and treatment techniques. Shifting from a conventional model of treatment where individual approaches prevail, the new client group orientation can widen the hospital’s opportunities and encourage various social groups to address for treatment (Brandler & Roman, 1999). In this respect, lonely mothers and housewives can receive much greater support in dealing their responsibilities in front of their children, as well as for the family welfare. Identification of Purpose The main purpose of the proposed client group is to meet the psychological and emotional needs of lonely mothers and housewives who suffer from medication triggered manic depression. The group purposes meet the objectives of the working group because its main task is to introduce therapeutic approaches to treating mental disorders. However, the newly created client group objective deviate slightly from the purposes established in agency. First of all, our workers have little experience in facing group treatment of people with identical social backgrounds (Brandler & Roman, 1999). Rather, they feel mo
Alcoholism is defined as “a primary, chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite often devastating consequences” (Thomas R. Hobbs, 1998). Alcoholism occurs as a result of a complex interplay of environmental exposure, biological vulnerability, and developmental factors, for example, the brain maturity stage. Most people share the idea that alcoholism is a persistent disease that can both be clinically diagnosed and treated, much like asthma, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Thus it should not be communally stigmatized but given considerations as a health issue as far as insurance coverage and treatment plans are concerned. Treating alcoholism as only a social problem is not enough because alcoholism is undeniably a very widespread and severe chronic illness that affects many people around the globe and thus should not be viewed as a weakness. For more than 200 years, debate on whether to classify alcoholism as a personal conduct problem or an illness has been ongoing. Benjamin Rush, from the US, identified alcoholism as an illness in 1784. He asserted that ‘alcohol was the causal agent, loss of control over drinking behavior being the characteristic symptom, and total abstinence the only effective cure.’ It is taken that belief in this perception was so strong that he fronted a public education campaign in the US with a theme of decreasing public drunkenness. He also noted that “alcoholism should not be judged as a problem of willpower, misconduct, or any other unscientific diagnosis, the problem must be accepted for what it is ‘a biopsychosocial disease’ with a strong genetic influence, obvious signs and symptoms, a natural progression and a fatal outcome if not treated” (Hobbs, 1998). In spite of the various studies authenticating the disease model of alcoholism, there still exists some controversy. For instance, the argument from social psychologists is that the profit alcohol treatment centers uphold the alcoholism “myth” as a lifelong disease. They further point out that the disease model excuses alcoholics for their present, future as well as past irresponsibility and notes that a good number of people can rise above addiction on their own. Conversely, views from some people indicate that alcoholics are influenced by family, with a claim that economic status, poor social upbringing, and copying of parent’s drinking behaviors are the sole major contributors to this disease. Nevertheless, this argument has been dismissed since there is a hereditary basis for alcoholism which translates that alcoholism is a disease that can be inherited [Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism]. Substance use ailments are the main public health challenge facing many nations, especially in the west, and it has been observed that alcohol is the commonly used substance of abuse in those patients presenting for treatment. Alcoholism is a justifiable disease with identified symptoms but with an unpredictable course. Unlik
The Parthenon is one of the iconic ancient Greek temples. It is considered the embodiment of beauty and the classical Greek style. It was built in the 5th century B.C.E., which is taken as the high classical moment for the whole Western civilization (“Parthenon (Acropolis)”). The construction is dedicated to Athena, the goddess of wisdom protecting Athens. The temple has recognizable and iconic features familiarizing viewers with the peculiarities of the Greek style. The Doric elements, such as massive columns, shallow broad flutes, vertical lines, and columns touching the stylobate (“Parthenon (Acropolis).”). These features contribute to the creation of a classic, and at the same time, beautiful image that can be easily recognized even today The importance of this concept of beauty is evidenced by the fact that many buildings today, such as Le Madeleine in Paris or Jefferson Memorial are built following the style (“Parthenon (Acropolis).”). This understanding of beauty in Architecture became critically important for the next generations. Another notable feature of the Parthenon is the existence of sculptures to emphasize the beauty of the place and show its importance. For instance, the west pediment is decorated with sculptures depicting Athena battling with Poseidon to explain who was the real patron of the ancient city (Ryals 159). Sculptures are another critical part of ancient Greek culture, and they also embodied their vision of beauty. Perfect shapes with ideal bodies are seen in multiple other works of this period and are followed by sculptors representing later periods (“Greek history – Classical period (480-323 BC)”). In such a way, Parthenon can be considered a reflection of classic Greek art as it combines the elements of Doric style, light, and visually attractive shapes, and unique use of sculptures to show the perfection of the human body and translate a particular message to a viewer. Works Cited “Greek history – Classical period (480-323 BC).” YouTube , uploaded by The Benaki Museum, Web. “Parthenon (Acropolis).” YouTube , uploaded by Smarthistory, Web. Ryals, Justin. Humanities: Greek and Roman . Valencia College, 2020.
Discussion of the usefulness of the Bloom’s Taxonomy in strategic planning Bloom’s taxonomy is a system of learning classification proposed by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom in the year 1956 (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). Prior to its publication by Bloom, there were a series of conferences from 1949 to 1953 that were aimed at addressing the goals of education. The aim of this classification was to enable educators to provide a holistic form of education that enables learners to adjust well to the society. In this model, the objectives of education are categorized into three levels/domains which include the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. The cognitive domain is the lowest level of learning in which learners focus on the acquisition of facts. This domain comprises knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Before the advancement of the Bloom’s taxonomy, many educators focused only on the achievement of cognitive skills. On the other hand, the affective domain targets the development of emotions and realization of the presence of others in a group. This enables students to respect others, adhere to rules, and develop a positive attitude towards the environment. Further, the psychomotor domain enhances the learner to apply bodily movements to be able to respond to changes in the environment. This domain led to the introduction of co-curricular activities in many learning systems (Krathwohl, 2002). Based on Anderson & Krathwohl’s (2001) ideas, the Bloom’s taxonomy is very important in the strategic planning of any educational system. In order to attain the goals of any education system, the Bloom’s taxonomy should be inculcated into the key components of strategic planning. Key elements of strategic planning, such as the vision, mission, values and strategy of learning institutions should be critically analyzed using the Bloom’s taxonomy. The mission of an institution defines the main purpose for the establishment of an institution. The diversity and complexity of the levels of the Bloom’s taxonomy mean that these levels cannot be achieved instantaneously, and the need for a vision is crucial. In all the three levels of the taxonomy, the acquisition of finer skills requires reinforcement which is a future prospect or vision (Krathwohl,
Introduction Studies on sociology of religion have been gaining prominence in the contemporary society. This is attributable to the increased need for an explicit understanding of the role of religion in enhancing the development of noble social practices. Indeed, sociology that studies human origin, societal setting and interaction capacity has credible connection with religion. This is evident since religion provides individuals with basic moral and spiritual incentives or principles that shape their decision-making ability. Religion also inculcates structure-oriented principles that influence an individual’s social, economic and cultural practices or actions. According to scholars, there is a strong relationship between religion and sociology. The relationship is based on principles and operating guidelines that cannot be isolated. For instance, religion enables individuals to acquire basic ethical and moral values that are essential for social growth. The scholars also relay diverse classical and contemporary theories of sociology that give clear understanding on how sociology relates to religion. The theories that center on secularization, civil religion and multiculturalism show how sociology of religion is significant. This shows how religion has a bearing in shaping social capacity and wellbeing of persons. It also aids the understanding on why most leaders are advocating for the cohesiveness of religion in the context of globalization. Definition of sociology of religion and its imperativeness As defined, sociology of religion studies beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion that influence individual’s decision
The Flood Story is perhaps one of the few themes that recur in almost every culture in the world. Although the Bible and the Torah include the most famous flood stories, these ancient writings were not the first to use this pattern. The scientific community recognizes that the oldest flood myth known to humanity is the Epic of Gilgamesh, which tells the story of Utnapishtim, who attained immortality by escaping from the flood on a ship. Moving beyond these fundamental writings, other cultures also have their own peculiarities in describing the flood myth. Studying the myths of different cultures about the flood, it becomes clear that Gilgamesh is extremely unlikely to have become a model for writing local myths. Even the story of Noah, very similar to Gilgamesh, hardly had a direct correlation with the more ancient version (Dolansky, 2019). For example, the flood myth of Aztecs is completely different in detail from the usual plot. In this story, all of humanity drowned and turned into fish. But the man Note and his wife Nena were warned and survived in the hollow of the cypress. Disobeying the order to eat only maize, Nena and Note ate fish. As a punishment for this, they were turned into dogs. This story shows how plots can drastically twist from conventional readings. Many flood myths arose in civilizations that were prone to flooding. The destructive nature of floods frightened people, significantly influencing the fearsome image of flooding in culture (Shah, 2021). The Chinese history of flood control is an excellent example of the emergence of a myth about this. Sister and brother freed the God of Thunder from imprisonment, for which God rewarded them and saved the children from the flood in a large gourd. The theme of incest, unacceptable to many people, made this story multivariate. This suggests that flood myths in many cultures may have changed and transformed. Examples discussed in the essay in only a tiny part of a huge heritage of global flood stories. Nevertheless, the myths of Aztecs and Chinese underscored crucial features. Although the key element of flood exists in every story, details are radically different. The differences in the plot depend on the characteristics of the cultures. For example, there is a pattern that flood myths appear in flood-prone regions. Finally, flood stories can transform through time and have different endings.
I chose the patient with MDD who had transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment six months ago because such cases are new to me. To be able to develop effective care plans in the future, I would like to delve into the topic of TMS. Particular questions that are of concern include its effectiveness, reoccurrence rates of depression after TMS, its adverse effects, and contraindications. Effectiveness/reoccurrence of depression TMS involves a non-invasive stimulation of the brain by sending short magnetic impulses to some of its areas. Given that TMS does not require surgical interventions, the method is widely used in the United States for both diagnostic purposes and the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders (Becker, Maley, Shultz, & Taylor, 2016; Luber et al., 2017). Nowadays, prefrontal TMS is approved by the FDA as a method of treating MDD in adults since its effectiveness for mood stabilization has been demonstrated in a variety of randomized controlled trials (Perera et al., 2016). For instance, the sham-controlled RCTs conducted by O’Reardon et al. in 2007 and George et al. in 2010 show that TMS at 120% motor threshold and 10 Hz frequency provides “clinically meaningful antidepressant effects” (Perera et al., 2016, p. 340). However, its effectiveness compared to other treatment options for MDD remains an open question. TMS is regarded as a promising treatment for patients with MDD who do not show a positive response to treatment with mood-stabilizing drugs (Perera et al., 2016). Concerning the reoccurrence of depression after the use of TMS, in 2015, Levkovitz et al. found that in individuals receiving the 4-week TMS therapy preventing the relapse of acute depressive episodes, about one-third of patients achieved remission, and the majority of them did not relapse during the next three months (Perera et al., 2016). Adverse effects of TMS Despite being effective for patients who do not benefit from mood stabilizers, TMS is associated with a variety of adverse effects. Among the most frequent unwanted effects of repetitive TMS, there are changes in hearing. For instance, there are cases of temporary hearing impairments or loss after its use for depression and anxiety (Tarannum, Alam, Khan, Parveen, & Mullick, 2015). Moreover, the therapy can lead to the limited use of short-term memory and cognitive changes, both of which are temporary (Tarannum et al., 2015). Additionally, the use of TMS sometimes causes brief episodes of abnormal elevation (hypomania) or induces pain or discomfort in the head (Tarannum et al., 2015). At the same time, the most dangerous effects such as temporary insensibility or seizures are relatively rare (Tarannum et al., 2015). Thus, the majority of side-effects are not long-term, and it explains a relatively small number of contraindications. Contraindications Contraindication
Buzz Marketing is a form of marketing that is based on the interaction between consumers during which consumers share and distribute information regarding products and services amongst each other. In essence, modern-day Buzz Marketing functions by recruiting fans that are then referred to as advocates of the brand. Once recruited, the advocates are then treated as an infrastructure that will then multiply onwards into further when each recruited fan recruits further fans. This process continues until a complete fan following has been put into place that can be trusted to reflect and promote a positive image of the brand across the general public (Hedges and Chung). The following paragraphs shall attempt to shed light on the relevance of Buzz Marketing in the modern-day consumer market. Research has shown that there may be strong ties between Buzz Marketing or Word of Mouth (WOM) Marketing and Customer Acquisition. The need to acquire an understanding of Word to Mouth Marketing becomes all the more imperative when one considers the fact that modern-day WOM Marketing is based heavily on social networking websites that are based on the fundamental concept of networking and referrals (Trusov, Bucklin, and Pauwels). It is imperative to highlight at this point that this particular modern-day form of WOM Marketing is also referred to as eWOM and is considered to be an essential element in the influencing of the judgment that consumers develop regarding a product (Lee and Youn). A fact that makes social networking websites highly relevant to the discussion of WOM Marketing is that as it continues to mature over the social platform it strengthens and often amplifies the effect of rudimentary marketing tools and techniques. “The elasticity for WOM is approximately 20 times higher than that for marketing events and 30 times that of media appearances” (Trusov, Bucklin, and Pauwels 98). WOM Marketing, or WOM as it is now referred to as is now being replaced by blogging which allows consumers to carry out just as much interaction amongst each other regarding new and old products and services but with the fact that the interaction takes place in an environment where the consumer is exposed to multiple sources of information. Firstly, it was observed in Lee and Youn that blogging allows internet users to share information by posting entries on their websites or websites devoted to blogging. The user generally has complete independence to post on the internet and is therefore at liberty to denounce or appreciate any element that the user wishes. While blogging came forth as a method of expression and was initially supported by segments that believed profoundly in the freedom of speech, it has now evolved to a point where it is recognized as an extremely imperative marketing instrument and is addressed to the same degree of relevance by modern-day organizations. Secondly, Dillenberger elaborated that not only does blogging allow users to read through former blog entries enabling them to develop their own individual perception about the subject product/service but the modern-day consumer can educate himself/herself a