ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Charity is a universal, and one of the major attributes of a civil society. Charity allows the society to serve its interests directly, without a state intermediary. To a certain extent charity provides redistribution of incomes from most propertied to the least propertied citizens in shortest ways and in the shortest terms. Charity can become the tool by the means of which the society satisfies the main social and universal requirements more and more. The research interest to understanding the motives of charities is shown by many humanities, and each field has its own variant of the answer. For example, philosophers and historians believe, that incentive motives of charity can be mercy, altruism, compassion, sacrifice and religiosity. Sociologists as dominating motives outline the aspiration to social recognition and the improvement image self-estimations. In social psychology the altruistic motivation of philanthropists, and also the interpretation of charitable interpersonal interaction as a special humanitarian transaction are marked. Some psychologists consider charity as a display of spontaneous and emotionally painted impulse and a help by the call of heart and soul. The latest world tendencies in the sphere of corporate social responsibility considerably transform the classical understanding of charity. The world business community has already come to understanding that charity means not merely giving money on a constant or short-term basis, but a competently built charitable policy which functions, justifying the made investments. This paper analyzes the concept of effective charity and benevolence programs in terms of how business attempts to optimize its charitable activities. As far as the volumes of financing charitable noncommercial organizations increases, donors often ask questions of the efficiency expenditures and cost management. First of all, this question concerns the concept of efficiency with reference to social projects. The problem can be caused by the nature of the activity of the charitable organizations, where years and original techniques are necessary to estimate the effect of their activity, as the social effect of many charitable projects can be shown in decades after the start of the project. That is why researchers are compelled to rely on the palliative methods which are focused more on the measurement of the process, rather than on final results. If taken as efficiency estimation the classical indicators of profit, this will automatically lead to that the noncommercial organizations will ignore the task of receiving profit – its occurrence will almost automatically mean the termination of financing from donors. As a result, as shown in researches, effective social projects are seldom reproduced, whereas less effective can proceed for years. Effective charities are impossible without effective partnership of donors with public organizations, mass-media, the state, volunteers and other social subjects. In the USA 75% of the charitable budget are donations from private individuals. (Hernández-Murillo and Roisman) Not all donors are major businessmen. Sim
Technology is currently taking a lead in priority in most organizations and institutions that purpose to improve their customer services as well as the internal operations. One of the key aspects that aid to maximize on utilization of an organization’s resources is data organization and ease in the communication processes. Improving the telecommunication and network infrastructure within an organization improves several other factors. Adopting a modern infrastructure, for instance, leads to improved efficiency with the employees having a friendly working environment. The result is an improvement in service delivery or quality of products depending on the specialty of the organization (Armoni, 2000, p. 234). A health organization for instance requires a modern technology communication system for a smooth running. This paper is an “as-is” telecommunications and network review of my place of work that gives a plan to manipulate for a new and better internet based infrastructure at the end. Surprisingly, most health institutions have lagged behind in incorporating the latest technology within their systems. The systems currently in place are manual and result to wastage of otherwise resourceful time. Such systems can improve significantly if integrated with modern telecommunications systems. (Kaschek, 2008, p.14). Am though grateful to the founders who established health organizations like the one I work for that delivers medical services through several outlets in different regions of the country. Certainly, they had a positive motive to reach the rural areas and the less fortunate individuals in the society. In my opinion, they must have adopted the best technology at that time. Subsequent top ranking officers have since then done little to improve the information system hence the system remains outdated. Since the goal of this organization is to deliver quality and affordable medical service, I always get aroused whenever I think about the duration that it takes a patient to get medication with the current information system. The main reason is the long duration the patient has to wait for the processing of the medical report from the laboratory leave alone the occasional failure of the old machines in place. An automated system will certainly generate such reports faster once fed with the necessary data. It is thus time saving and less labor intensive giving (Armoni, 2000, p. 234) the lab personnel time for other tasks. Nevertheless, time that would have spent preparing reports is spent attending other patients. The patients take the compiled laboratory report to the doctor for the appropriate medical advice. A cash receipt showing that the patient already paid for the medical lab services must accompany this report. In case of a lost or misplaced receipt, the patient pays for the service once more sin
Introduction The contrasts in the life and culture of a less developed country will significantly visible in the life style of the population, they generally poor or middle class income levels. The purchasing capacity and the consumerist culture influenced by the income levels makes their market more static than dynamic. In marketing research much of the information required is outside the firm e.g., information on why people buy only certain products and not other products. The variables involved in the marketing decisions being external to the firm make the study of external environment very important in market planning. The researcher will have to take special care to find out which of the environmental factors –social, political, cultural, economic, legal, technological-are the most important for the consumption of a certain product. The researcher should also concentrate on external agents such as competitors, suppliers, customers, trade unions, governments, share holders, local community which are affecting the company most. The major contributory factor for sustainable competitive advantage of an organization is its positional advantage. The positional advantage of a firm is decided by the assets, skills, and resources possessed by the firm. Examples of positional advantages are factors such as differentiation, customer intimacy, or low cost allowing the firm to achieve superiority and higher profit. Differentiation can be considered as more secure than cost advantage in achieving competitive advantage due to the following reasons such as:  1. differentiation will be build and sustained over time,  2. customer relationships and loyalty are the base of differentiation,  3. differentiation cannot be easily transferred,  4. differentiation can not be easily replicated,  5. quality and innovation are the building factors of differentiation,  6. differentiation stops customers from switching for a lower price,  7. differentiation is successful in creating switching costs for the customers. Differentiation of a firm’s product is generally based on the following important factors such as:  1. product quality,  2. customer service,  3. product reliabilit
Moses ( Mosheh in Hebrew) is recognized in the Old Testament as a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet and he is best known for rescuing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. He is the most influential prophet in Judaism. Other major world religions, such as Christianity and Islam, recognize him as well. The Book of Exodus records that Moses was born during the period of Jewish enslavement in Egypt. At his birth, the Egyptian Pharaoh issued a decree that all male Hebrew infants were to be thrown into the river Nile. However, Moses’ mother, Jochebed, desperate to save the life of his son, floated him in a basket in the Nile, and he ended up being adopted into the Egyptian royal family (Exodus 2:1-10). Growing up in the Egyptian palace made him to develop, the pride, vision, and courage necessary for liberating the Jews from slavery. These significant personal changes could not have been possible if he lived as a Hebrew slave. The life of Moses is full of several unique aspects. At one time, he killed an Egyptian slave-master who was oppressive to his people, the Children of Israel. Thereafter, afraid that Pharaoh could kill him, he escaped across the Red Sea to Midian. Here, he looked after the flocks of Jethro, his father-in-law, the priest of Midian, on the slopes of Mt. Horeb until one day God appeared to him on a burning bush. Tending the flocks of his father-in-law for forty years made Moses to develop other significant personal changes in leadership for delivering his people from slavery. Consequently, he set out on a mission to liberate his people from slavery. Following the Ten Plagues that fell on Egypt, he led the Israelites out of the nation and across the Red Sea. Thereafter, they gathered aro
Introduction to Pender Health Promotion Model Health promotion models adopt nursing and behavioral science perspectives to describe the multidimensional nature of persons interacting with their interpersonal and physical environments in pursuit of health (Bastable, 2006). The Pender model is made up of three major constructs. The first is individual characteristics and experiences. The other is behavior-specific cognitions and effects. The third is behavior outcomes (Bastable, 2006). The framework explores the complex processes that motivate an individual to participate in health behaviors. It is based on the need for nurses to nurture their patients and educate them on ways of reaching optimum health. Patient education is a process through which a patient is made to understand their condition and self-care through the use of different medians and experiences. To be effective patient educators, nurses should familiarize themselves with various theoretical models of patient and family education (Friedman, Bowden & Jones 2002). In this report, the author analyzes a modified version of this framework. In this case, the Pender model will be used to educate patients on their health and on how to use their current conditions to influence others to take up preventive measures. Reasons for Selecting the Framework The Pender model was selected because it provides a basis through which a patient’s behavior can be manipulated into influencing others to take up preventive strategies. For instance, a patient suffering from a sexually transmitted infection can be educated on how to improve their health and made to understand the need for using protection. Several studies have used this model. For example, the research by Bauer (2008) was informed by the increasing number of patients suffering from preventable diseases, such as obesity and HIV/AIDS. The spread of HIV/AIDS can be prevented through the use of protection, while diabetes can be avoided by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Efforts to control the diseases are directed towards healthy persons in the public (Bastable, 2006). Bauer (2008) takes a completely different approach. Significance to Nursing Practice in Urban Family Population The model will be of great significance to nursing practice and the public at large. It will help to prevent the occurrence of new infections. The model will also provide new strategies for controlling a wide range of diseases (Bastable, 2006). Literature Review Use Pender’s Framework in Research The framework has been used in two research situations to find out the possibility of eliminating HIV/AIDS and diabetes. In recent times, there has been an increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS among urban families despite efforts made to control the situation (Bauer, 2008). The research by Bauer (2008) shows that many people are aware of the risky behaviors associated with the disease. However, they continue to engage in the same behaviors. Young persons aged between 13 and 24 make up approximately 26% of
Introduction The first three years are very important to the development of an individual. I am a first-born in a family of five. I had a very healthy childhood; there were no complications in the first 18 months of my life. I was brought up in a stable family with both parents; this is what made me develop confidence and optimism about a better tomorrow. When I was three years old, I joined the elementary school. This played a major role in my development. The school environment helped me develop self-esteem as I learned new skills. I started developing friendships with other children and I was able to know what is wrong and what is right (Erikson, 3). The care and support that I received while in school made me be fond of education and that love for education has enabled me to accomplish what I have attained as far as education is concerned. Main body When a child is between the ages of 3 to 5, he or she faces a desire to do what the adults do; at this point, one wants to behave like an adult (Erikson, 7). When I was 4 years old, I forced my parents to buy me a bicycle. Most adults in my hometown rode bicycles; I wanted a bicycle so that I could ride like them. When I was five years old, I lost my pet friend, a cat and I was hurt by the demise of the Cat. At this level, I had started to develop emotional links with individuals and animals in my vicinity. I was in a position to show affection, and I had realized the importance of family love (Erikson, 10). During a child’s development, the foundations of one’s competencies are laid at the ages between 6 and 12; the experiences that a child is exposed to at this stage will determine how competent the child will be as an adult (Erikson, 20). At the age of six, I had developed an interest in playing football, so I decided to join the school team. The football coach did not offer enough encouragement, and I lost interest. This could have been a career but due to lack of support, I developed low esteem as far as football was concerned and I never attempted to play football again (Erikson, 18). At the age of ten, I had a serious fight with a friend over an argument we had started. I wanted to assert myself and proof a point physically. This led to my shoulder bone dislocation. I became very afraid of fighting and I have never indulged in fighting again. At the age of 12, my brother died and I was terrified of his death but it helped strengthen the family bond in me. Between the ages of 13 to 18 an individual transits from childhood to adulthood, this stage is full of confusion and as one tries to identify him/her self (Erikson, 62). At the age of 15, I indulged in teenage smoking, although it did not last for long. I was influenced into smoking by the media my friends. My parents were supportive of me, they helped me learn the negative effects of smoking, I decided to quit before I became an addict (Erikson, 59). I was also arrested for reckless driving, it was my first time to be arrested, and I learned that if one misbehaves in society there are forces that will impose a punishme
The idea behind public participation is to involve all people living under a single government within the decision-making process that pertains to their country. Doing so allows effectively upholding the core principles of democracy. Thus, understanding the importance of citizen involvement in government affairs may allow identifying its most efficient method of initiating change. Furthermore, this awareness could help appraise the competency of voting as an indirect public participation technique. Public participation may be crucial not only to uphold historical democratic principles within the USA system of government but also to defend the interests of various strata of the population. People cannot always be involved in all acute processes of government. Thus, sporadic participation allows them to achieve varying degrees of engagement based on their interests. As per personal observations, direct involvement does not create a sustainable difference in contemporary policy-making. Therefore, speaking from individual experience, the more efficient way of influencing modern-day government is through indirect means, for example, voting and contacting appropriate representatives. Defending the essentiality of indirect public participation requires the appraisal of voter turnout. Voter numbers remain quite low in the US for a first-world democratic country. This circumstance exists because most people may not feel confident in their ability to incite change by performing such a small action. Increasing voter turnout from the current 50% could become possible by raising the overall levels of political involvement among the general populace. Furthermore, doing so among younger age categories that range between 18 and 30 years old could lead to an exemplary model of government. People’s involvement in public affairs in an indirect manner allows sustaining a more productive level of change, which already existing policy structures could support. Voting may help build a better future for those who involve themselves in the process of public participation in a democratic way. Therefore, increasing voter turnout for previously uninvolved population strata, for example, adults below the age of 30, could allow the body of government to become more representative of its people.
Introduction In order to analyse Starbucks according to the Congruence model of Nadler-Tushman, we first have to define the various parts of this model as it relates to Starbucks. So we will first look at the organization as defined by this model and then analyze how well or poorly it functions, according to the desired and the achieved “outputs” at all levels. Environment The environment for Starbucks includes its history, the market, the culture and the government regulations. We will briefly examine each of these in turn. History Three Seattle men, English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegel, and writer Gordon Bowker, started the Starbucks Corporation in 1971. They sold fine imported fresh roasted coffee beans and coffee making accessories. By the early 1980’s they had four stores selling the coffee beans, a roasting facility, and a wholesale business for local restaurants. “Their store did not offer fresh-brewed coffee sold by the cup, but tasting samples were sometimes available” (Thompson, Jr. et al, 2005). In 1982, Howard Schultz was hired as head of marketing and overseeing Starbucks retail stores. They did not listen to his innovative ideas. (Thompson, Jr. et al, 2005). Schultz opened his own coffee bar in 1986 based on Italian coffee cafes, selling brewed dark roast coffee. By 1987 Schultz had expanded to three coffee bars and bought Starbucks from the original owners for $3.8 million. He changed the name from Il Giornale to Starbucks. His plan for the company was to grow gradually to 125 stores over the following five years. He wanted to create a superior management team by persuading top executives from other well-known corporations to join him. (Thompson, Jr. et al, 2005) Schultz had a total of 161 stores by 1992, 1,015 stores by 1996, with plans to open over 2,000 stores by the year 2000. “Management expected to have 15,000 stores by year end 2005 and 25,000 locations by 2013” (Thompson, Jr. et al, 2005). Starbucks is still one of the fastest growing purveyors of Coffee in retail outlest. Business & Corporate-Level Strategy Starbucks’ corporate strategy has been to “establish itself as the premier
All three poems seem to have the theme of mortality and growing older. In Ulysses, the persona admits that he has grown old, and this has left him weak, ‘Match’d with an aging wife, I sit and dole’. However, the persona does not accept old age and weakness as his affliction; he does not accept the fact that death is near and should sit and wait for it, he goes on to do the things he likes and considers sitting and waiting for death as dull, “How dull it is, to make end “. The persona is aware of his ticking time but tends to use up to the last of the second to do what he loves and relive his younger years, “ Little remains: but every hour is saved”. Most would consider resting at an old age a way of elongating one’s life, but the persona finds this disgraceful, as he says, “ …vile were it…For some three suns to hoard myself”. As a leader, the persona wants to serve his people to the last day, even if it means dying while serving them. In Stopping by the Woods, the poem is written from a perspective of an adult who stops to mesmerize at the beauty of life, the woods and its beauty symbolizes the beauty of life while his journey symbolizes the beauty of life. In this poem, the theme of mortality and aging is addressed clearly. Here, the persona does not allow aging and mortality to obscure the beauty found in life. As seen in the poem, the persona is aware of his gradual aging, “ The darkest of the evening”, symbolizing the inevitable death and the darkness associated with it. The poem has also symbolized old age with the snow reference, “ To watch the woods fill up with snow”, this has been used to show how with age, the thoughts of a person are filled with obscurity. In the poem, the persona is caught between enjoying the beauty of life at his old age and fulfilling his duties and obligations, “ The woods are lovely, dark and deep…..But I have promises to keep” In the third poem, Do not go gentle into that good night, the theme of mortality and aging is also addressed. Here, the title of the poem clearly shows the mortal nature of man, as the “ good night” symbolizes death. The poem convinces the readers to accept death, as no one can escape it but should challenge it, “ Do not go gentle..”. In the first stanza, in the third line, the persona says “ Rage rage against the dying of the light”, which clearly tells the readers to challenge death, the dying light symbolizing death. The poem also shines a light on the beauty and power of life, as seen in the first stanza, “ Old age should burn and rave at close of day”, juxtaposition is used here to clearly show the difference between life and death. While death is symbolized with darkness and nigh