ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Given the great implications, either negatively or positively that product proliferation has on a firm as outlined in this observation it is paramount that firms understand the dynamics resulting from proliferation of their products. Besides, the concept of product proliferation has other implications related to logistics, marketing and overall product management among others, while opting not to proliferate also has its implications. It is these pros and cons of product proliferation and an analysis of this very concept that this paper intends to discuss; additionally this paper will review the challenges faced by firms during product proliferation in order to arrive at a fair conclusion regarding its suitability. Product proliferation concept The concept of product proliferation in business is attributed to three major outcomes; one, it increases the product demand and ultimately boosts sales, secondly, because of increased demand the distributions costs consequently increases as well as other logistics and finally for strategic purposes (Gruca, Sudharshan and Kumar, 2001). This in general summarizes all the implications that product proliferation has on firms and the market at large and is the basis upon which we shall also base our arguments. Thus, because firms are for one reason or another motivated to undertake proliferation strategy based on these reasons, it is essential that they be aware of the downside of this strategy. In essence product proliferation is portrayed by three key characteristics; “large number of new product introductions, wide product variety, and long product lines” (Bayus and Putsis, 1999). Most often, product proliferation strategy is largely pursued by firms for two broad reasons; to increase sales and as a barrier to entry strategy for other firms that are interested in entering the industry (Bayus and Putsis, 1999). Unfortunately in doing so, the flipside of it is increased costs and other managerial challenges that incidentally emanate from that very strategy; thus it becomes necessary for firms to undertake sort of a cost-benefit analysis that analyzes the end benefits that it hopes to reap by considering these other factors. As it would seem, based on current evidence it appears that product proliferation has in fact less benefits than is always thought to be the case; it is this evidence that we shall review in the following section. Challenges associated with product proliferation No doubt that one of the critical factors that informs product proliferation is the need by a firm to bar new entrants from entering the market, but in doing so this strategy inherently increases production costs of the same products, which is one of the major determinants that shapes the outcome of competing firms. Indeed, the empirical evidence to support this has existed for long when this observation was first noted by Hauser and Shugan (1983) who are attributed for developing the Defender Model which addresses the most viable options that firms should pursue in de
Overview Stores in the US retail industry are active in their promotional undertakings. The aim of the promotional strategy is to enable business brands to be more visible. In the promotional strategy, the stores have utilized various basic techniques to reach the customers. The promotion techniques include advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotions. This paper will examine the promotional strategies of the Wal-Mart and the Wm Morrison in their save-on-food (good) and save-on-one-day (bad) coupons, respectively. Selecting the promotion The save-on-food promotional strategy by Wal-Mart and the Wm Morrison’s save-on-one-day are good and bad, respectively. In the Wal-Mart’s promotional strategy, there are coupons for customers who buy certain amount of food from the store, and everyone is a winner. There component of the campaign for the save-on-food promotion is web and store. The promotion is on the company’s website besides visible boards in the store. On the other hand, the Wm Morrison’s save-on-one-day promotion is presented in the form of coupons which are only valid for one day, despite the fact that most customers rarely visit the store every day. This means that the promotion limits customers to use the coupon within one day. The save-on-one-day coupon is promoted with a well-designed promotional strategy. To promote the coupon, the store has deployed many advertisement mechanisms like word of mouth, publicizing through leaflets, online advertisement through its website, announcement of the promotional offer, promotion of the use of local media, social media and billboards at the entrance of the store (Bowden 69). Write-up I found the two promotions from the Wal-Mart and Wm Morrison stores. The two promotional coupons were at an end-of-aisle promotion. The price of the food items qualified for the coupons were $50 and $70 for the Wal-Mart and Wm Morrison, respectively. In each case, there were no competing product promotions since they both targeted customers buying food products. For Wal-Mart, the save-on-food promotion can be classified as consumer since it targets direct purchase of the food products. For the Wm Morrison, the save-on-one-day promotional strategy can also be classified under the consumer promotion (Bowden 70). Promotional platforms The promotional platforms target shoppers in the stores interested in food products. The two stores have invested in both mainstream and social media (twitter, Facebook, Instagram) advertising to increase awareness of the products. The major objective of advertising is to increase the awareness of the food products offered by the two stores to the target users. Besides, the secondary objective of the promotional strategies is to stimulate and retain the customer loyalty (Rhim and Lee 160). The two supermarkets aspire to build their business models around affordable pricing
Client Description and the problem being worked on I am a worker in a given school. While here, I am charged with the responsibility of dealing with a client to ensure that everything around him is in order. The client I work with is a student named Austin. He belongs to a family and my dealing with him borders on the family too. The family comprises of Ms Pabisz, her son Austin, and Austin’s grandparents. Austin’s grandmother stays with Austin’s parents after she is ill. His grandfather is also ailing, and is at the hospital. Austin is at school. The problem am working on is that affecting Austin. First and foremost, it is Austin’s health challenges. More than one year down the line, he was diagnosed with Lyme and has been a number of medications to treat the same. One form of medication is the family therapy of which Austin has declined to attend. He believes that the therapy is not of help to him. The second problem is the health issue of Austin’s grandparents’ state of health and how it affects the student. This has particularly to do with the communication between Austin and his grandfather. The grandfather has been hospitalized for quite some time now, and this really worries Austin. He is not certain of his state of health. He is not able to visit the grandfather, let alone communicate with him. Third, there is the problem of Austin’s academic performance. He’s reported to have missed assignments and other exercises. Goals mutually agreed on between the worker and the client and tasks to be performed to reach these goals After receiving information regarding these issues from Austin’s mom, I decided to communicate the same to Austin and we had to come up with goals on how these problems were to be tackled. The goals were three-fold: improving communication between Austin and his grandfather, looking for a remedy on Austin’s own health issue and improving his academic progress. The first goal is to enhance communication between Austin and his grandfather. The remedy to this problem would better be understood from the psychological effect that the grandfather’s sicknesses, and his overstaying at the hospital, have on Austin. After I asked Austin about his feeling regarding what his mother’s and grandmother’s sentiments on the grandfather’s state of health and long stay at the hospital, he was not comfortable with what they said. Besides, he did not like thinking about the grandfather passing away. The best way was to look for a better way of improving communication between the two. Since the mother could make it to the hospital, sending a letter through her from Austin could be great. We mutually agreed that Austin was to write a letter, expressing his feelings to the grandfather regar
Foreign assistance plays a substantial role in promoting the social and economic development of a nation. For instance, a considerable number of countries that have received foreign assistance and utilize it well have registered faster growth and development. A good example is South Korea was among the poor nations during the 1950s but currently, it is considered a middle-income nation. However, economical and political policies that are strong must be put in place to facilitate foreign aid inflows functioning. The presence of political goodwill will also facilitate the functioning of foreign assistance in development. International charity on the other hand, through the creation of several charity agencies in developing nations, will help in supporting development projects that are aimed at building capacity and empowering community members (Koschorke 47). The funded projects are mainly labor-intensive hence creating employment for the members. Charity is also used to support reform initiatives as well as strengthen the institutions that are present in an economy. These institutions include legal and democratic institutions that form the core for economic prosperity (Lancaster 77). Also, most countries utilize charity for capital accumulation which facilitates the creation of more wealth in a nation. International investment also facilitates the economic development of a nation. It is indispensable that international investment is the main engine of growth. It ensures proper management of resources, penetration to world markets, a competition culture, as well as technology (Siebert 22). Also, international investment ensures new marketing channels and markets, and at the same time cheaper production facilities. The other crucial role involves the internalization of business, foster liberalization, developing new information and communication systems, privatization coupled with deregulation of several industries. As such, international investment facilitates the expansion of the economy, and as a result, it will ensure sufficient growth and development of the economy. Work Cited Koschorke, Klaus. (2002). Transcontinental links in the history of Non-Western Christianity . Otto: Harrassowitz Verlag. Lancaster, Carol (2007 ). Foreign Aid: Diplomacy, Development, Domestic Politics . USA: University of Chicago Press. Siebert Horst. (2006). The World Economy: A Global Analysis . London: Routledge.
Introduction “What is Eating Gilbert Grape?’ is a story of the Grape family who lives in a small town in Endora, Iowa. The family consists of Albert, Bonnie, Larry, Gilbert, Arnie, Amy, and Ellen (See Appendix A). According to the movie, Mr. Grape dies for unknown reasons, and Larry, the eldest son of the family, doesn’t live with the family. After the death of their father, each person in the family had to take on different roles, except Bonnie. Bonnie is a morbidly obese woman who is isolated and suffers from depression. She spends her days on the couch watching TV. The two daughters help around the house with cooking and cleaning: Amy, the eldest daughter, is very maternal. Ellen is a narcissistic and sarcastic teenager and has problems with Gilbert. The story is narrated by Gilbert Grape, who is the second eldest son of the family. Gilbert was forced to take on the role of “father” early age after the death of his father. Gilbert works at a small grocery store to support his family financially and cares for his mentally disabled brother, Arnie. Arnie is the youngest son of the family who is developmentally delayed and needs physical care. Family Assessment The Grape family seems to be a typical nuclear family, but indeed they each have their problems. The different roles that each person in the family take affects their family dynamics. Arnie and Bonnie are dependent on Gilbert and Amy for their basic physical needs, such as bathing. Bonnie is a loving, caring mother to her children, especially sensitive to Arnie; however, she feels emotionally overwhelmed and feels herself as a burden. Additionally, disgraceful glances from the community had caused her to withdraw herself. Gilbert takes his brother Arnie wherever he goes, and Arnie always cheers him up. Gilbert, on the other hand, is torn between his family and his independence. As a coping mechanism, this crisis leads him to a love affair with a married woman, Betty. The Grape family is always Endora’s center of attention, especially Arnie and Bonnie. Arnie frequently climbs to the water tower, finally causing him to end up at the police station. On the other hand, the children in the town try to sneak and laugh at Bonny through the windows at every chance. Bonnie broke the last straw when she left the house for the first time in seven years to save Arnie from the police station. Embracing glances from the people had deepened her depression which later caused her not to leave the house ever again. Cumulative problems cause huge stress on the family. The main character, Gilbert, sinks under the caregiver’s stress, which leads him to make another mistake
I am Dr. Latisha Martin, a dental officer serving as a Lieutenant at Marine Corps Recruiting Depot, Parris Island South Carolina. A native of Ohio, I received a Bachelor’s degree in Science in 1997 from Alabama A&M University in Huntsville. I was awarded the United States Navy Health Professions Scholarship after serving for five years in the United States Navy as a Psychiatric Technician. I earned my Doctorate of Dental Surgery from Howard University College of Dentistry in Washington, D.C. in 2006, after which I was awarded a Michigan State dental license. I have membership affiliations in the Naval Hospital Beaufort Dentists Association, the Low Country Dental Society Study Group, the National Naval Officers Association, the Academy of General Dentistry and the American Dental Association. Working mostly with a military patient base, where after I completed my one-year general dentistry residency at the Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego California, I served for one year, as one of two Dental Officers at Branch Health Clinic Diego Garcia, I also have an experience working with the uninsured population. During my dental school training, I treated adult, pediatric, and geriatric patients who suffered from dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusions, infections and oral cancer as a result of their limited access to care and/or financial limitations. My dental experience includes working at Gage-Eckington elementary, a full-service school-based dental clinic, where I worked with children from low-income families. In addition to providing sealants, I contributed to decreasing oral diseases in the elementary school population through providing routine hygiene, restorative and surgical procedures. My clinical practice includes close working with diverse population within urban communities. While working with Whitman-Walker Clinic and the Spanish Catholic Center, I gained a greater appreciation for the need for comprehensive community outreach, acknowledging the diversity in understanding the importance of oral health within such communities. My community-based interaction also includes improving oral health and oral disease prevention in Washington D.C. where I provided emergency services, preventive care, restorations and oral health education for low-income, uninsured and immigrant populations. The most recent working experience as a dental officer was overseeing 30 staff members, both military and civilian, participating in the National Children’s Dental Health Month 2009. This experience was comprised raising children’s awareness about the importance of oral health in the Department of D
Introduction In modern times, one of the most common ways of manipulating the security of information of an organization or individual is through social engineering. The successful application of techniques in this technology has enabled attackers and hackers to access information that is sensitive and crucial from computer and network systems. Social engineering is a method of accessing data, systems, or buildings by making the best use of human psychology instead of using complicated methods for hacking or breaking in. The attackers manipulate individuals to provide or reveal the information that they need to gain access to secured systems. In most cases, the victims never realize that they have been tricked, manipulated or their systems have been hacked (Hardnagy, 2010). The common reasons for social engineering are getting access to information or network systems without authorization, committing fraud, theft of identity, industrial espionage, and disruption of a network or system. Social engineering trends and ways Attackers use different methods in social engineering. One of the methods is exploitation of familiarity. The attackers get trust from the individuals they want to exploit by familiarizing with them. An attacker may impersonate someone who is in authority and request for sensitive information through emails and phone calls. Pretending to be someone well known by other employees, the attacker may send emails directly to the employees’ email accounts with intention of obtaining some sensitive information. An attacker may also access important organization’s documents from the organization dumpster. An attacker may come up with pop-ups, hack into an individual search web, and direct the search to their own page (Williams and Sawyer, 2012). The hacker may also send an online form to his targets portraying that there is a sweepstake competition and request for the individual’s details. Once this information is availed, they would use it for their intended purpose. Another complicated method used by the attackers is reverse social engineering. The hacker impersonates someone in authority and the employees find themselves asking him questions. This last method needs adequate planning, research and execution for it to be successful (Tolman, 2008). The attackers use tactics that convince their targets to trust them and eventually provide crucial and private information. The attackers also ensure that they never ask for too much information from one individual but ask for little information from several people. Impact of social engineering and prevention Social engineering in most cases i
Introduction The autobiographical novel by Harriet Jacobs “Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl” is a story of survival and depicts the various problems and tortures female slaves at the time had to endure and go through in order to survive in the world. The realism mentioned in the book differs from the styles of others authors of fictional novels. This essay shows a comparison of styles in Hawthorne’s “The House of the Seven Gables” and Melville’s “Moby Dick” with providing a parallel with the style used in Harriet Jacobs’ “Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl”, with the main purpose to distinguish the necessity of using various techniques and strategies in Jacobs’ autobiographical work. Overview In analyzing the narrative styles of Hawthorne’s “The House of the Seven Gables” and Melville’s “Moby Dick” the reader must keep in mind the different settings of the two novels and possibly the different themes. As Harriet Jacobs’ “Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl” the central point of our analysis is an autobiographical novel, the “The House of the Seven Gables” and “Moby Dick” are fictional, therefore the strategies used by the authors to increase the believability of their books are different and it is obvious that the goals were more difficult. Perspective Comparison The narration style in the both novels is different, wherein “Moby Dick” the merging of the narration and the main character of the novel (Ishmael) is achieved during the first person narration in which there are no parts in the book that give the idea that the hero knows the future outcome of the events. This strategy gives the opportunity for the reader to live the events accordingly to their occurrence and to be in the same position as the hero. The identification of the author, the hero, and the narrator become identical as narration switches from the active style of telling the story to the omniscient narrator style. This style in addition to the purpose of identifying the reader with the hero gives the story more believable pattern as the reader acquires the knowledge of the upcoming events and the decisions at the same time with the main character in a way that makes him live the novel. The narrative style in “The House of the Seven Gables” is a little different and serves other purposes, the third-person perspective of unknown character that is not present in the book, instantly puts a border between the narrator and the events. The author wants the reader to believe as he tells us somewhat a tale about which he knows everything. Sometimes the author makes an effort to identify himself with the reader when switching to a plural form referring as “we”, but mostly the reader is presented to the events in the order that is told by the narrator. The Moral The “tale” impression is also obvious through referring at the beginning of the book to the novel as a romance, giving an impression to the reader that in spite of the fact that the events of the novel might be real; the nove
Introduction Juvenile delinquency and the victimization of children are issues that have a direct impact on the welfare of society. In many communities around the country and mostly in regions and cities, juveniles who break the law and children who suffer from abuse and neglect have become a great concern for society as a whole (Martin, 2005, p. 3). Many people will want to assume that these twin issues do not happen in their communities but rather to other communities. The truth is that these problems do persist everywhere; they occur in rural areas, cosmopolitan cities, and wealthy suburbs, and also in the provincial small towns (Martin, 2005, p. 4). It is therefore important, in regard to these issues as a matter of national necessity, that the concept of juvenile justice permeates society at every level. Basically, juvenile justice can be defined as the fair handling and treatment of youths under the law. Furthermore, it is a philosophy that recognizes the right of young people to due process protections when they are in trouble and personal protections when they are in need (Martin, 2005, pp 4). The juvenile justice process on the other hand may refer to distinct procedures established to assure the fair administration of youths under the law. Moreover, these particular procedures are carried out in accordance with institutions designed for the administration of justice in general and par