ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an international alliance that was established in 1949 and mostly focuses on collective security. Currently, it consists of 28 members and has built numerous partnerships with other regions. The Headquarters is the primary center that hosts thousands of conferences each year. It is located in Brussels, the capital of Belgium (see map. 1). Map. 1. NATO Headquarters. The central purpose of the organization it to guarantee the safety of its members. Also, it considers the threats to other countries because it may affect the overall strength and security of the regions (Amadeo par. 4). It was formed as a way to respond to threats from the Soviet Union. However, the overall goal of the organization has changed over the years and now it has other imperative missions. The alliance actively participates in operations against piracy. It has been one of the biggest issues and needed an intervention. The primary goal is to prevent and limit attacks of the pirates because the safety of one of the most important maritime routes was under the threat. The overall security of the region near the Suez Canal has gradually increased over the years. The organization is still involved in some of the operations in Somalia (Croft par. 1). Also, it actively cooperates with Afghanistan because the country is in need of external help. The alliance provides aid and addresses current issues such as problems with the security of the country, financial aid, and underdeveloped security forces. It has been one of the hardest operations for NATO because some of the points were hard to solve. Currently, there is also a mission in Kosovo. The aim is to make sure that citizens are safe, and the region is stable. The situation has dramatically improved since the beginning of the operation in 1999, but the presence of forces is still necessary (BBC News Online par. 20). Operation Active Endeavour also has to be discussed. The primary mission is to deter and prevent any actions that are associated with terrorism in the Mediterranean Sea. It is quite successful at making sure that ships and vessels are safe. Necessary measures are taken to guarantee maritime security. It is paramount to say that the organization has had an essential role in the war on terrorism. Also, the alliance has addressed the situation in Ukraine and has initiated trust funds that would help to solve current issues. ISIS is also acknowledged as a significant threat. It is imperative to say that membership requirements have changed over the years. One of the most paramount factors is that a country should provide a range of benefits to the organizations to be eligible. Political and military aspects are considered to be the most important. The alliance provides the necessary support to the ones that aspire to become a part of it, and the final decision is based on the consensus of all the members (NATO par. 5). In conclusion, it is hard to argue wit
Nursing practice is a sophisticated endeavor, which presupposes taking into account various facts related to the situation in order to make a quality judgment. The abovementioned process is also referred to as “critical thinking.” The ability to consider the situation from more than one perspective is crucial in terms of nursing, as nurses serve as intermediators between the patients and practitioners. Thus, in order to secure efficient cooperation and treatment for positive patient outcomes, medical professionals have to understand the situation through the prism of both patient’s perception and impersonal medical judgment. Moreover, during communication with patients, nurses who employ critical thinking are able to convey the information crucial for the treatment process in such a way that the patient would understand the value of any procedure. It is achieved through the nurse’s ability to judge the information from the point of view of a person not related to the medical field. Another important skill required for the nursing practice is the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practice in order to secure the best result. Thus, it is necessary to pay enough attention to the empirical data present in the field. The process of analyzing such information is known as an evidence-based practice. According to the researchers, evidence-based practice is primarily aimed at minimizing the gap between the theoretical basis and practical application (Mackey & Bassendowski, 2017). Indeed, extended knowledge in nursing is of crucial importance because nurses frequently face situations when one detail in the patient’s history might become an obstacle for applying theoretical knowledge to a particular setting. Thus, the nurses’ evidence-based approach is explicitly correlated with the patient outcome and treatment success. Reference Mackey, A., & Bassendowski, S. (2017). The history of evidence-based practice in nursing education and practice. Journal of Professional Nursing , 33 (1), 51-55. Web.
Introduction Myra’s Haircuts has the potential to achieve its business goals. The Porter’s Five Forces model identified in Stage 1 shows clearly that the firm will be successful. The best strategy for competitive advantage is Customer Orientation (CO). This strategy will ensure every customer is aware of the offered services. The business process to improve is Customer and Employee Scheduling (CES). A positive Customer Orientation strategy will eventually support the goals of UMUC Haircuts. Business Process Explanation UMUC Haircuts has developed a proper CES process. This business process begins when a potential customer communicates with the company’s employees (Hanford, 2010). Step 3 shows clearly that the employees should inform the customers about the offered services. In step 4, the employee should check the available stylist before advising the customer. According to step 5, the scheduling process for different customers should be done manually. The customer has to collect a printed receipt and take it to the cashier. In step 6, the cashier is required to enter the customer’s information into the system. The feedbacks collected from the customers are recorded manually. The cashier informs the customer in order to pay the required amount. This business process can support UMUC Haircuts’ goals. However, the process consumes a lot of time. The customers might not get the right support from the employees. Some of the employees might be unable to support the changing needs of the customers. The employees must collaborate with other individuals in the firm. Most of the feedbacks collected from the customers might not be recorded effectively. Step 6 shows clearly that the cashiers handle every receipt manually. T
Understanding contemporary political and processes are impossible without learning their historical background; that is why sociology, history, and political sciences are considered strongly connected. Numerous researchers are carried out on the border of these disciplines. African-American study is one of the examples that illustrate this statement: this field of study requires one have a significant background in the history of Africa and the USA to understand contemporary processes that take place in the African-American community and the World. In this sense, the book by Naomi Chazan et al (1999) is a treasure for a student eager to succeed in getting familiarized with the issues of African-American studies, as well as for any other reader interested in this field. Chazan et al demonstrate an effective approach to delivering knowledge in African-American studies: the book offers a historical observation of political and social processes in Africa from the moment of the first movement of white settlements to the modern time. The authors make the effort to analyze and compare thus demonstrating common tendencies that took place throughout the continent. Particular attention is paid to the new era, the era of independence: the authors state that the contemporary political process in Africa is saturated and interesting; the problems of African countries are diverse but at the same time similar (3). The history of South Africa is a set of struggles and conflicts which have left their imprint on today’s independent state. Chapter 13 titled The Possibilities and Limits of Transforming State and Society helps a reader to understand the mentioned “possibilities” and “limits” from a historical perspective. The chapter aims to study the causes, the course, and consequences of struggles that took place in South Africa during the 18th-20th century. The focus of the chapter is a political history of South Africa from the moment of coming of the first white settlers to the political processes that took place during the period of independence. However, political issues are not discussed in the isolation from those social: the authors allude to the social processes that accompanied the actions of dominating powers. This approach is very effective, as the connection between these two fields in the real life is unquestionable. The book addresses a broader range of issues than “what happened when”: the authors offer their answer on “why it happened”. This helps a student understand that every historical event has its underlying reason based on people’s interests and intents. Particularly, Chazan et al provide the observation of forces that tore South Africa apart for centuries; material and labor resources became the core of the struggle. We may see that whatever “newcomers” we talk about, each of the groups had its interests that did not coincide with those of the native population and South Africa’s ecology. The contradiction of interests was the main ground for conflicts that, in turn, brought new suffering to the land. The authors emphasize that whatever sides took part in t
Introduction Popular culture refers to the collectivity of beliefs, attitudes, practices, and other phenomena that are adopted by man depending on his ability to learn and transmit knowledge to the next generations. They are agreed upon informally by the practicing group, and it’s highly influenced by the external surrounding. The popular culture among American society takes the form of music, films, advertising, magazines, and television, among others. The mass media has greatly influenced the way of life in the modern world. In our day to day life, we are constantly being bombarded with a lot of information through the mass media, and we have to make decisions depending on that information which in turn influences our way of life. Print media affect our lives on many levels, in generating ideas, shaping our opinions, influencing our emotions, and the way we behave. This has further intensified due to increased time devoted to the mass media as well as a rapid change in information technologies that allow the distribution of information to larger audiences. The current print media is a transformational agent to social and economic changes in the world. It is a form of communication through paper, billboards, magazines, newspapers, fliers, etc. It has both negatively and positively affected human perception towards culture. The views depicted in these magazines often influence people’s reactions to various issues that they address. This has resulted in the development of popular culture in America. Americans tend to identify themselves with the idols found in the magazines and other print media and aim at achieving a lifestyle close to the one displayed by these people. This has changed the cultural orientations of the Americans towards the new lifestyles that are characterized by popular culture. Popular American culture embraces the print media, which has transformed the advertising industry and promoted consumerism. It does this by influencing people’s perception towards a product hence determining their consumption of the same. The print media tend to promote analytical thinking. That’s why in the nineteenth century, when people relied largely on books and newspapers as their source of information, they displayed a highly rational approach to political issues (Cogan & Kelso, 2009). Trends Propagated by the Print Media The print media sets the aesthetics standards among American society. Fashion magazines have been the popular determinants of fashion trends in America. They have influenced people’s attitude towards modes of dressing by repeatedly promoting certain modes of dressing over others. The magazines display the intended fashion trend targeting the potential consumers who in turn, make their decision to adopt it depending on their attitude and perception towards them. The print media extensively research on con
Writing accolades to beauty is a comparatively simple task; however, discovering the unusual in the most prosaic items possible is a task that only a true poet can accomplish. In his poem “The Red Wheelbarrow,” William Carlos Williams describes an everyday scene that can hardly be seen as poetic. However, with his ability to represent even the ordinary from an unusual perspective, Williams imbues the described scene of a red wheelbarrow with unique meaning, therefore, establishing the theme of deceptive simplicity. Although the poet initially represents the wheelbarrow as a rather dull and unimaginative thing, he later on shows that it, in fact, can serve a larger purpose, which cements the theme of the magic of the ordinary as the poem’s leitmotif. At the beginning, the central item of the poem is portrayed as the thing that is hardly worth any bit of attention. Thus, the theme of the ordinary is established. In fact, at the very beginning, the phrase “So much depends/upon” suggests that the author is going to elaborate on the usefulness of the wheelbarrow in its traditional sense (Williams lines 1-2). As a result, the initial theme is established as the starting point that is going to experience a tremendous transformation shortly. The use of several epithets, particularly, the attempts at characterizing the barrow by pointing to its color, might seem as unnecessary given the short size of the poem. However, as it expands, the role of these descriptors becomes apparent since they serve as the platform for the further change of the object’s perceived use. Afterward, Williams introduces the reader to a new perspective, which allows seeing the wheelbarrow as more than a vessel. Instead, the barrow is represented as an item of much greater meaning, namely, a shield for living creatures: “beside the white/chickens” (Williams lines 7-8). Therefore, the contrast between the colors represents the transition from the initial theme to the new one, namely, that one of discovering the new meaning of an item and, in a broader perspective, the new meaning for existence, in general. Eventually, the concluding lines of the poem tie the two images together, creating a smooth transition and blurring the distinction between the initial dull image and the new one that has been enriched with a new meaning and a new purpose. The transfer from the bland, traditional perspective to a new and inspiring one occurs seamlessly due to the concise nature of the poem: “glazed with rain/water/beside the white/chickens” (Williams lines 5-8). Thus, William manages to combine the mundane essence of the tradition with the inspirational perspective power of imagination. In fact, the juxtaposition of white and red, namely, “red wheel barrow” and “white chickens” plays a vital role in emphasizing the perceived
Introduction HIV is a dangerous virus that has gained prevalence in recent decades. With the development of science and technology, treatment and prevention measures have become more widespread, but the disease still presents an issue for many. As a chronic condition, HIV and AIDS damage the person’s immune system, rendering them unable to resist other types of disease or injury. While most countries have developed ways of managing the condition and safeguarding their people to a large extent, some of them have had great difficulty in accomplishing that. One of such places in Africa. The majority of HIV-positive people reside in Africa, with at least 91% percent of HIV-infected children also being African. The disease is a major public health concern on the continent and warrants attention from both the African authorities and the global community in general. South Africa is affected the most, as its population suffers from lower life expectancy and heightened death rates. Africa, overall, has faced significant challenges in counteracting the effects and the spread of HIV. The paper will examine the issue of HIV/AIDS in Africa, focusing on the effects of the disease, procedures of its containment, and the prevention tactics used by the African public. By examining this topic, one can gain a better understanding of the context around the African HIV epidemic. The Effects of HIV HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a type of chronic disease that affects a person’s immune system. First discovered in the 1980s the condition has over time spread to a significant part of the population and affected their daily lives in a significant manner. The virus causes the immune response of the victim to shut down, making them susceptible to life-threatening diseases and dangers. Generally, the condition can manifest through a variety of symptoms, including fevers, fatigue, inflation of a person’s lymph nodes, diarrhea, and some others. While the disease itself does not cause a person to suffer life-threatening side effects, a person’s ability to resist other types of disease is extremely lessened, which can damage their health irreparably. HIV can be transmit
The very concept of gender roles in human society is in the constant process of changing and redeveloping. This statement can be made on the basis of evaluating numerous sources that present a witnessing to this matter. For example, the literature pieces by many writers often address the themes of the role of a woman in society. Among them are Nathaniel Hawthome, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Kate Chopin, Virginia Woolf, John Steinbeck, Susan Brownmiller, and Tom Chiarella. Besides, the other cultural evidences provide more insight into understanding the role of a woman. In particular, a lot of information regarding this can be derived from modern-day advertisements. In the following paper, the vision of the role of a woman by a number of writers beginning from the XIX century will be compared with the vision by contemporary advertizing business specialists. Overall, after the analysis of the essay by Diane Barthel, the literature pieces by the prominent writers exploring gender issues, and the piece called “Taiga Leather. Louis Vuitton” by modern masters of advertizing, a conclusion can be made that a serious shift in the role of a woman in modern society has taken place because it became possible for females to occupy their places in the world of business together with men, which seemed outrageous during the previous periods of time. First of all, while juxtaposing the text by Barthel, and the ideas from the advertisement “Taiga Leather. Louis Vuitton”, the shift of the female role in positioning herself as a passive agent can be observed. In her essay, Barthel states that the role of a woman in the society of the 1990s is still inactive and stationary. According to her, “whereas the feminine model is based on passivity, complacency, and narcissism, the masculine model is based on exactingness and choice” (Barthel 130). Thus, Barthel makes an emphasis on the situation, when women are seen as passive supporters and assistants for men. This position is not different from the position by the earlier writers, exploring the theme of gender inequality. For example, in their works, Woolf and Brownmiller
Were the alterations to Ashley’s body in her best interest? When doctors decided to remove Ashley’s breast buds and uterus at 6 years of age with the approval of her parents, these alterations were not in her best interest. Instead, her parents decided to authorize the alterations to Ashley’s body based on their emotional interests. They are her parents and nobody can dispute that and as such, they would want what is best in their opinion for their daughter. For example, they would not want her secondary sexual characteristics to develop beyond their current levels on the chance that she might be raped and get pregnant. For this reason, they saw it best to have her uterus removed. Besides, her family has a history of large breasts and they would not want that for Ashley given her current condition, which is why her breast buds were removed. Normally, such alterations cannot be carried out on a normal child but in this case, Ashley is not a normal child. Therefore, it is the responsibility of her parents to ensure that her future is practical and better and for this, we cannot blame them. However, they did not seek a second opinion on the intended alterations to their daughter’s body. According to the Washington state law under whose jurisdiction Ashley falls, it is illegal to undertake involuntary sterilization before a court of law has been approved. It is important to note that Ashley’s parents did not seek the approval of the court regarding this matter. Ashley may not be in a position to make rational choices but she has rights regardless of her condition. In this case, the court of law would have acted as a custodian of her rights and probably made a ruling that would have been in her best interest. What is/ are the core issue/s of the situation? Ashley was born with static encephalopathy, a rare brain condition. Although Ashley is now 9 years old, her mental age is the same as that of a 3-month-old child, owing to her condition. This means that she cannot talk, walk, change her position in bed, or even hold a toy. Doctors have said that Ashley will have a normal lifespan, although her current mental condition can never improve. With the approval of her parents, doctors at the Seattle Children’s Hospital have performed a hysterectomy a controversial procedure that involved removing Ashley’s breast buds and a hormone therapy procedure entailing estrogen treatment aimed at inhibiting growth. These hormones will hinder normal development so that even as an adult, Ashley will have the body of a child. Her parents authorized her breast buds to be removed so that her breasts may not develop normally because the family has a history of enlarged breasts. This would be a burden to those taking care