ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A modern market economy cannot function in isolation, market transactions occur inside a set of regulations, and a person must uphold these regulations in a position of authority. Along with its laws, the government upholds contracts, other agreements, and understandings between the various parties engaging in economic transactions. The government occasionally establishes guidelines that specify what a pound, mile, or bushel is. A government must also raise revenue through taxes, which have an impact on how people choose to spend their money. Beyond these fundamental duties, on which almost everyone can agree, governments can take on a wide range of responsibilities, all the way up to directly owning and running every farm and industry in a country. The role of the government in the economy has been a source of debate for more than a century. Whether in democratic or non-democratic nations, those who supported the government playing a more significant role were unmistakably in the majority during a considerable portion of the 20th century. At one extreme were the Soviet Union, China, and other countries in the Communist bloc (Sowell, 2014). However, democratic nations like France, Britain, and India also enabled their governments to seize control of a few businesses and strictly regulate the decisions made in other fields that were permitted to remain privately held. This expanded role of the government has frequently been embraced by large segments of the political, intellectual, and even commercial sectors. Despite the incredible range of activities that governments may perform, we can look at the fundamental responsibilities of government. Almost everyone can agree upon and explain why those responsibilities are crucial for allocating limited resources to other uses (Sowell, 2014). Government must create an optimal framework of law and order. Framework within which the populace can participate in whatever economic and other activities they choose while reaching such mutual concessions and agreements among themselves as they see appropriate. Additionally, several workouts have enormous costs or advantages that extend beyond the participants. The government can accept these payments when the market fails and provide assistance. Similar to how people behave in businesses, homes, and other humanitarian organizations and activities, those who work for the government in various roles frequently react to the incentives placed in front of them (Sowell, 2014). Government is neither a monolith nor only the personification of the public interests (Sowell, 2014). Its incentives and limits must be considered to comprehend what it does, just as the marketplace’s incentives and circumstances must be considered to understand people who engage in market transactions. There is no specific system of government or structure for the economy described in the Bible. Political, economic, and moral liberty are all supported by ideas found in the biblical worldview. Even though no system is perfect, market economies considerably increase human prosperit
Implementing Strategy for Staff Involvement and Experience Staff Involvements in clinical governance Clinical governance should contribute to the capability for patient, public and healthcare professional involvement through creating the environment for interaction, shared strategic care planning, and delivery of care based on shared goals and objectives (Porter-O’Grady, 1994; Donaho, 1984; DoH 1998). In addition, it should provide a basis for staff management, staff performance, and motivation that should be a function of structure and procedures for employee recruitment, workforce planning through training need analysis to ensure right staff identified for training and development (Sirgy and Su, 2000). The organization should demonstrate commitment to staff development through the development of policies and framework for staff education, in-house training, continuous staff professional development, provision of a psychological contract via work-life balance, and capabilities for data protection and management (Kaynak, 2003). Clinical governance is important towards the development of framework and structures for clinical effectiveness as well as achievement of duty of care which should be supported by capabilities for clinical audit management (Rahman, 2001). In this respect, the Southern NHS Trust should also introduce as a lean operational process, review the quality and effectiveness of care, plan and monitor quality systems, invest in research and development towards determination of mechanism for quality improvement and audit efficiency of operational processes (Gutteridge, 2000; Hart et al., 2006). The clinical governance should define mechanism through which team working and workgroups are structured, enhance internal and external consultation in the healthcare, and advance the framework for promoting clinical and multidisciplinary teams (Oakland, 2003). Communication improvement Lean implementation through clinical governance has capability to improve communication and flow of information material (Lewis et al, 2006), hence lead time improvement as documented by Poksinska et al. (2006) Through staff communication, physician and nurses are able to prepare admission of a patient and preparation of patient management plan before the patient finally ar
Introduction Perineal pain, which is experienced in the second stage of labor, affects the overall outlook of birth experiences and is associated with perineal trauma. The use of warm compresses is extensively supported by midwives to minimize perineal soreness and enhance relief without using potentially injurious pharmacological pain respite (Ahmad & Turky, 2010). Recent advances in medicine have generated a large body of evidence concerning effective childbirth practices (Ibrahim, Elgzar, & Hassan, 2017). However, many countries have not implemented major beneficial practices. Instead, they uphold ineffective or deleterious practices (Altaweli, McCourt, & Baron, 2014). An example is Saudi Arabia, where barriers such as inadequate training in evidence-based medicine, unavailability of facilities, and time constraints are blamed for the failure to adopt evidence-based practices (Al‐Almaie & Al‐Baghli, 2004). Altaweli et al. (2014) report that routine procedures such as shaving of the pubic hair, episiotomy, enemas, electronic fetal monitoring, and intravenous (IV) infusion are commonly observed in some areas of Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, there are no studies reporting the adoption of warm compresses to minimize the occurrence of perineal tears during labor. This literature review provides a background of early nursing practices, complications of labor, the trauma of the genital areas, and strategies used to minimize the trauma. History of Childbirth In the years before the 1930s, women gave birth to children in home settings assisted by traditional midwives. During this time, childbirth was a dangerous affair because many pregnant women and newborns lost their lives during or following childbirth (Corretti & Desai, 2018). Organized medicine sought to lower mortalities associated with childbirth in the mid-1930s. Consequently, a new branch of medicine known as obstetrics was set up (Rosenberg & Trevathan, 2002). Uncompromising efforts were made to eliminate high-risk habits such as poor hygiene by preventing infections during childbirth. Medications were used to hasten labor and alleviate pain. The training of clinicians was also enhanced. Prenatal care was recognized as important in avoiding death. Therefore, childbirth attempts shifted from home settings to hospitals in the hope of providing effective and managed conditions for birth (Thomasson & Treber, 2008). These steps led to significant improvements in healthcare, for instance, enhanced working conditions, improved family nutrition and public hygiene, better-quality handling of longstanding illnesses, and fewer deaths during childbirth. In the 1940s, progress in the use of antibiotics and blood transfusion services elevated the safety of childbearing (Allen, O’Connell, Liston, & Baskett, 2003; Campbell et al., 2008). However, by the 1950s, the standard maternity treatment that was meant to enhance safety was characterized by extreme
As digital technology advances, it permeates almost all spheres of human activity and life in general. Digital devices play key roles in a wide variety of environments ranging from interpersonal communication to financial operations and even home security. Such technological development is highly beneficial as it provides humankind with numerous opportunities. However, the interconnectedness of diverse devices and machines leads to the occurrence of cybersecurity threats. Vital information may be stored in digital forms, and hence cybercriminals may try to steal or use such data for their benefit. Cybersecurity issues were considered long before the rapid spread of the internet and web technologies. Nevertheless, with the ability to access remote devices and data storage from all over the globe, cybersecurity concerns have become more relevant than ever. Therefore, it may be essential to address cybersecurity not only in the private sector but also on a national level. The threats may come from different sources, and the criminals may focus on distinct vulnerabilities in the security of the system (Wall, 2017). It is vitally important to introduce a comprehensive approach to the development of cybersecurity frameworks to prevent all varieties of potential threats. Such a goal may be achieved by thoroughly analyzing the threat landscape and implementing tools, tactics, and procedures following the analysis results. As already mentioned, digital technology develops rapidly as new methods are implemented, new hardware is designed, and advanced software is utilized. As various advancements emerge, the cybersecurity field undergoes significant changes. For instance, the occurrence of mobile devices and the development of cloud services introduced several security-related challenges. The field is constantly changing, and it may not be possible to introduce a comprehensive cybersecurity framework for a brand new technology. Cybercriminals may find weaknesses and vulnerabilities as the product is not tested on the market. Moreover, it may not be possible to assess every possible threat and prevent cybercrime completely. Therefore, it may be critical to constantly reevaluate cybersecurity frameworks and provide timely responses to emerging threats. Even though it may be highly beneficial to expect the unexpected and consider all
Every corporation has to deal with finances and the distribution of resources. The management and selection of priorities is what differentiates one business from another. Investments and budgeting techniques must be advantageous in order for further development and growth. McDonald’s is a corporation that has been rather successful in managing its finances and other resources, as can be seen from its popularity and well established economical base. It is obvious that McDonald’s Corporation has been wise in managing its resources and continuing its development worldwide. The fact that it can diversify and adjust to the environment and the demanding market shows that the management is able to figure out what consumers want. A rather straightforward employment has allowed for lower salaries which lead to more cash flow. The capital is used to open up new locations over the world and the evidence is seen in the following: McDonald’s has opened locations “in over 118 countries serving approximately 48 million customers per day” (Plunkett, 2008). This means that a large amount of resources is spent on development of McDonald’s restaurants and the satisfaction of customers’ needs and wants. In 2003, the corporation generated $23 billion but at the same time, there were some losses. A new strategy had to be developed to adjust to changes. As the work began, by 2008, “revenue rose 3 per cent to $ 23.5 billion, but profits jumped 80 per cent to $4.3 billion” (Plunkett, 2008). This took place due to financial modeling and close observations, as the managers were able to determine the specific estimates and values that would be present in the market. Formulating strategies and close comparison to the assets available would yield best results in future expenditures and gains (Hitt, 2008). Since 2010, the operating income has been steadily rising, from 8,780 it grew to 10,093 in 2012 and is estimated to be as high as 11,008 to 11,676 in 2014 and 2015. The key to success are the strategies that focus on bettering the working conditions and customer relations. As the capital is being increased, the company is able to output more resources and invest in potentially beneficial franchises or service modifications. A key factor is the increase in the skills of employees which are bettered by training and constant upgrades to the environment. At the same time, the values and stocks have to analyzed, so that the money invested into the company will not lose in the future. When considering discounted cash flow in relation to the net present value, it is important to have in mind that money made can be worth less than money invested. This happens due to market fluctuations and ever increasing expenses. Thus, a wise strategy would be to calculate the amount of finances made by investments and relate it to the rate of return. This would allow to see how much capital can be used and what the strong sides of investments are (Hitt, 2008). The market, especially on an international level, is a flexible entity that must be cl
Bath & Body Works Bath & Body Works is a large-scale company that retails its products globally. It is engaged in the production of goods in the personal care industry. It has more than 1600 stores and an online store, which ships worldwide. The main product categories of the company are body washes and lotions, candles, accessories, and so on (“Our Story”). The objective of the company is to be the definitive personal care destination. Overall, the enterprise targets to become an innovator in the industry by using natural ingredients and offering high-quality commodities. The company’s marketing strategy centers around customer reviews. In particular, Bath & Body Works has introduced the Bazaarvoice platform to its clients to enable them to contact each other immediately and leave their comments and ratings regarding the products. Importantly, the company evaluates the conversion of goods based on these customer ratings and ceases the production of those commodities that did not have any ratings from customers. This platform has been integrated with the company’s website. This strategy provided the enterprise with the opportunity to include customer-generated reviews in the marketing strategy (Hayden and Webster 97). At present, Bath & Body Works include this content in its campaigns. The organization’s business strategy is to expand the brand. It plans to reach new channels and markets through franchise partnerships (“Bath & Body Works, LLC”). It strives for international presence through global collaborations and simultaneously opens new stores in the home country (Bolton and Thompson 269). To achieve active sales from its website, Bath & Body Works offers some top-rated products that can be purchased exclusively from it. In terms of brand strategy, the company aims to develop brand recognition and loyalty. It stresses that customers can receive the products of high quality that have been produced using natural ingredients. In addition, it targets to grow its presence in other countries by opening malls in capital cities. Works Cited “Bath & Body Works, LLC.” Vault. Web. Bolton, Bill, and John Thompson. Entrepreneurs: Talent, Temperament, and Opportunity . 3rd ed., Routledge, 2013. Hayden, Tim, and Tom Webster. The Mobile Commerce Revolution: Business Success in a Wireless World . Que Publishing, 2014. “Our Story.” Bath&BodyWorks , 2017. Web.
History Starting off as a small German car manufacturing company that was founded in 1937, VW (Volkswagen) has expanded into becoming the third largest car manufacturer in the world at present which focuses on the development of compact and affordable cars (Bagshaw, 2013). Company Strengths The strength of VW lies in the compact design of its cars along with their general affordability which makes them an ideal choice for potential customers that live within many of today’s cities and have the need for a cheap, small and reliable vehicle (Bagshaw, 2013). As a result, the company mainly caters to mid- and low-income consumers and leaves the development of larger SUVs and luxury cars to its competitors. This focus on designing compact yet aesthetically pleasing and affordable cars has resulted in the company consistently winning the car of the year award from 2009 to 2013, which shows investors that in terms of creating a good product, VW can be ranked as one of the best car manufacturers around the world with a great potential for returns on investment (Bagshaw, 2013). Macro Environment Despite its origins as a European car manufacturer, a majority of VW sales are primarily outside Europe (particularly, in developing countries within Asia or industrial countries, such as the U.S. and China). This is a good move for the company given the current consumer predilection of Europeans to prefer more cars with long body than the primarily compact VWs, however, it should be noted that VW also has a considerable amount of sales within its local market, Germany as well as the U.K. (Rieger, 2010). Investment Thesis This report believes that VW is an attractive investment due to the consistency of its products as well as its expansion into the developing markets of Asia. When referring to consistency, this primarily centers on the awards it obtained for car of the year from 2009 to 2013 as well as the fact that despite being several decades old, the VW Beatle still continues to rank as one of the most popular motor vehicles. This is indicative of the fact that the company has good fundamentals in terms of creating products that appeal to its target consumers and is able to get into the markets where it can develop the greatest amount of profitability (Rieger, 2010). The evidence of this can be seen in its expansion into Chinese market, which is a focus of many of today’s automakers, resulting in VW gaining 22% of the local consumer market. Risks One of the risks, when investing into VW, is the current economic climate and its potential to reduce demand for cars, regardless the affordability or the mileage. Based on the article “Volkswagen AG SWOT Analysis” (2012), it was seen that at the onset of the 2008 financial crisis and two years thereafter, demand
Introduction Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world with converts spreading all over the world following the many conversions that are taking place every day. In the recent times, the religion has witnessed the emergence of differences among its followers both in the interpretation of their holy writings and religious beliefs. Traditionally, this religion was based on the teachings of Prophet Mohammad and the Quran. Some religious leaders have however emphasised what is now regarded as radicalism, which is the strict interpretation of the Quran and Mohammed’s teachings. This essay seeks to find the differences between classical and radical Islam life with reference to faith, values, beliefs, practices, and understanding of God. Differences in Faith The holy book on which the Islamic religion is based is the Quran, which is the book written directly word for word as communicated by God and memorised by the prophet. It has 114 chapters that were written at around 600 CE. Every Muslim considers this book to be the source of his/her faith and the template to their behaviours and morals. Classical Islam follows the Quran. However, it discourages any form of violence, which they claim is not advocated for in the Quran. They believe that Muslims should refrain from acts of aggression to practice prayers and respect for Allah (Umar 125). On the other hand, Radical Islamists are considered violent, a trait they use to propagate their faith. Strict observance of the law is followed with punishments being instituted to those who do not follow this to the letter. While the basic beliefs and faith are common to both groups, there exist few differences. The Quran advises Muslims to pray as many times in a day as possible with the minimum being five times (Ibrahim 34). God is described as having strengthened their faith by giving them a direction in which to pray. In the Quran, it is written that, “Turn your face to the holy mosque and wherever you are, turn your’ face towards it” (Saheeh International 23). The expression of faith is therefore most importantly portrayed by this prayer practice. While classical Islam leaves the decision of prayer to individuals, it is a sin in Radical Islam not to pray to Allah. This strict observance of the law means that they practice more of faith in relation to their counterparts. However, this is not genuine, as true
Maher, R., Maher, M., Mann, S., & McAlpine, C. A. (2018). Integrating design thinking with sustainability science: a Research through Design approach . Sustainability Science , 13 (6), 1565–1587. Web. This study by Maher et al. focuses on the benefits of an integrative approach between different stakeholders to create sustainable designs. It uses researchers, practitioners, and design thinking from different backgrounds to undertake multiple cycles framing problems, solution development, testing, and reflection. This research aims to use MetaMAP created using multidisciplinary teams in understanding social-ecological systems and create well-integrated solutions. The authors of this study collected the data by involving over 150 people from diverse backgrounds to undertake multiple cycles of framing a problem, developing solutions, testing, and then reflecting. This article is important for this study because it emphasizes how a multidisciplinary approach creates more diverse and sustainable solutions. When people from different fields are exposed to a problem or complex situation, they understand it from diverse perspectives, which helps generate new responses that are more sustainable (Shapira, Ketchie, & Nehe, 2017). There is a pressing need to integrate design approaches with the sustainability of science and other research tools that will help designers and other professionals to develop sustainable responses. When sustainability science is integrated with design to transform the socio-ecological systems, they hold much value in achieving sustainable goals (Tantiyaswasdikul, 2020). Some of the challenges that may be experienced when working with multidisciplinary teams include; research elements that cannot be predetermined and a shortage of studies on design approaches for sustainability research. However, to make a multidisciplinary approach in sustainable designs, these challenges can be overcome by collaboration between experts in creative design methods, diversifying opportunities for publishing creative explorations and sharing results and progress of Sustainable Development Goals. The main limitation of this study is that it only tested one design; therefore, the lack of comparative analysis with other previously used methods makes its data not generalizable. This article will be useful in my research because it shows how multidisciplinary teams effectively address sustainable development goals by developing a new graphic tool that will improve the predictability of collaborative eff