ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Environmental Changes Microsoft is one of the companies that change strategies over time due to changes in technology, competition, and consumer preferences (Marcus, 2010). This company understands that its future depends on the moves it makes while responding to the shifts of the aforementioned changes. The company employs relevant strategies in order to achieve the long term or a competitive edge in the industry. Technology changes Despite its dominance in operating systems, Microsoft makes changes that enable it to keep up with the technological pace (Marcus, 2010). These moves come as the outdated traditional computers take the back seat, allowing new devices to take over. The company employs strategies to keep up with the changes in technology. This move helps it to help increase the transparency of its products and services. It also benefits by driving greater interoperability, opportunity, and choice for competitors, partners, and customers, among others. The company continues to pursue office suite software, employs strategies to meet the challenges posed to it by the internet through the browser, and pursues the server business (Marcus, 2010). Competition Microsoft faces stiff competition from other giant companies in the industry, such as Apple, Lotus, IBM, and Hewlett-Packard, among others (Marcus, 2010). The company takes the aforementioned moves in order to gain a competitive advantage over these competitors. Each of these competitors poses a new challenge to Microsoft Company. IBM, Lotus, and Novell challenge Microsoft in office suites; Netscape poses a challenge in browsers, and IBM, Sun, and Hewlett-Packard challenge it in servers. Microsoft has developed a programming language, which has improved communication of different websites and computer programs. It has attempted to push its operating systems into non-PC environments such as TV set-top boxes, handheld computers, and cellular phones, among others. All these efforts, despite being outside its core businesses in operating systems, internet browsers, and software-suites, aim at improving the company’s competitive edge (Marcus, 2010). Customer preferences A change in customer preferences is another challenge that has led Microsoft to change its strategies to ensure customer satisfaction (Marcus, 2010). As consumers migrate to tablets and smartphones, there is a need to keep up with these changes. The company employs its dynamic Customer Relationship Management (CRM). In the sports or gaming indus
Introduction Turkey can be considered as an attraction for foreign investment mainly due to the fact that is internal market is larger than any of the countries of the European Union, excluding Germany, and the 15 th largest economy in the world (Investment Support and Promotion Agency, 2009). The basis of the current investment policy was founded in the 1980s as a component of a large-scale reform directed toward the liberalization of the economy. Considering the favourable economic environment for investments in Turkey, Oh la la!, a French manufacturing company, is interested in investing there through establishing a legal presence. In that regard, this paper analyzes such possibility, through providing a general strategy for the selection of the most appropriate business form for such presence. The Legislation The main factor in choosing Turkey for investment can be seen through the view of Turkish government on foreign investment as a vital part of the country’s prosperity (Dimireva, 2009). In that matter, Turkish legislation can be seen as the result of such view. The legal framework governing the foreign investments in Turkey is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) law, which goals are encouraging FID’s, protecting foreign investors’ rights, apply international standards and increase the volume of FDI (Investment Support and Promotion Agency, 2009). Another contributing policy can be seen through the Turkey’s 1990 Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), which guarantees the “free transfer of profits, fees, and royalties, and repatriation of capital” (Dimireva, 2009). The results of such legislations, can be seen through the facilitation of FDIs in Turkey, where the percentage of FDIs from EU-15, constituting 67.3%, with France taking the fourth position with 7.79% (“Business and Investment: EU Brochure,” 2009). The Forms of Business Foreign investors have several forms of businesses to choose in Turkey, ranging from starting a new company, making a portfolio investment, participating in a joint venture, to purchasing a part of an existing business, or establishing a branch or a subsidiary. In that regard, the most common types of legal presence in Turkey are as follows:   * Limited liability Company (Ltd. Sti.)   * Joint-stock
Abstract Computationally, when a population size phase exceeds the carrying limit, it becomes a super-martingale, and depletion occurs from a variation of martingale elements. Jagers and Zuyey (2020) explore such an extinction particularly among species with soft carrying capacity. They propose a model to explain this extinction with an initial non-random value of Z 0 and the value of a n th variation by C n, where n – 1, 2…. Thus, subsequent population sizes are denoted by Z 1 = Z 0 + C 1 … indefinitely because of extinction. In this case, extinction is the final stage denoted as Z n = 0 implying that Z n _ 1 = 0 (Jagers & Zuyey, 2020). No further finite absorbing levels of population sizes exist beyond this point. In an actual world, the time durations are of varying lengths hinging on an individual species’ life span, age range, and other superseding factors (Jagers & Zuyey, 2020). Species in settings with soft carrying capacities such as those with non-negative value K create a restricted expectation of a variation, given a full past history, is non-positive when the species surpasses the carrying volume. Problem Explaining population distinction is technical; thus, requiring a simplified model. Some of the population changes are homogenous and take place within unspecified periods. For others, such as those in soft carrying capacities, they die out when their carrying capacities are exceeded leading to extinction. However, the time durations cannot be estimated as they vary from species to species. As a result, these variations cause classification problems necessitating the development of a simplified framework. Method Used To avoid these technicalities, Jaggers and Juyev (2020) propose a mod
Qualifier The much awaited Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) acted as the only qualifying factor that would avert the threats of nuclear weapon. Michael (19) notes that the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), such as nuclear bombs, tends to qualify the infiltration of security threats in the United States and across the world. Hence, the nuclear weapon policy of the US can only qualify if the Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) is enforced to the letter. Rebuttal Michael (42) observes that some sections of the policy makers rebutted the need to change the current policy on nuclear use. There were those who suggested that NPR ought to have been overhauled because it was not serving the security needs of the US. However, other policy formulators indicated that selected sections of the NPR should have been amended. This kind of sharp rebuttal in terms of consensus has led to the great discourse on the United States’ declaration policy. It reached a point when clear explanations were needed on why the US had been extremely interested in controlling the nuclear policy across the world. Backing/support There were some officials within the administration who supported the need for the United States to maintain flexibility when seeking policy alternatives. On the other hand, there were those who supported the idea of ending the Cold War mentality that was initially proposed by President Obama. The latter also supported the desire to reduce the United States’ responsibility in nuclear weapon programs. The two aforementioned approaches were thought to be the most effective in addressing the possibility of nuclear war in future. In addition, it would lower the level of international conflicts and security threats that had been witnessed in the recent past. Moreover, deterring the nuclear-related conflicts was unanimously supported by both sides of the administration. It was noted that the United States’ government ought to strive always in order to avert any possibility of nuclear attack by adopting the No First Use (NFU) policy. Claim Michael (9) claims that NPR failed to optimize a vital chance when it did not adopt the No First Use (NFU) policy. If NPR wo
Introduction It should be noted that “Levelling the Filed” is a comprehensive report, which displays current issues faced by women in Africa. Even though it places focus on farming and the role of females in it, the text also raises and stresses several other direct and indirect barriers that African females have to face. The purpose of this paper is to review the report and to evaluate it. Summary It should be noted that the low productivity of women farmers in Africa is one of the difficulties experienced by the country at present. Although it is a result of certain state policies, cultural domains, and other objective factors, no significant progress has been achieved so far in improving the situation or the setting. The article provides data and information related to this issue in terms of such countries as Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria, and so on. 1 Importantly, the focus of the report is made not on the lower levels of productivity of female workers but on the constraints that women face in their lives and duties. A high role is given to the agricultural sector in combating poverty and initiating growth in Africa. It represents one of the leading sources for constructing the gross domestic product, and it also influences the earnings of citizens greatly.. 2 Nevertheless, heavy investments in agriculture are required for boosting the sector and its efficiency. Although almost 90% of the entire African population is involved in this occupation, its potential has not been maximized to the full capacity due to the absence of sufficient regulation. At this point, it is essential to mention that lower productivity levels are directly linked to the existing gender gap, and it prevents the sector from booming. According to the statistics, almost half of the workforce is represented by women and, in some countries, the percentage of female workers is even greater. 3 However, their levels of productivity in agriculture are significantly lower than those of male workers. The reasons for weaker performance are linked to poor access of women to resources, training, and opportunities. Also, certain institutional obstacles hinder their progression as specialists. Cultural norms also prevent female workers from making the most of their potential. Moreover, women are actively engaged in taking care of children and furnishing household chores, which also affects their p
Music is one of the best forms of human culture that helps people understand reality and appreciate it by looking from the side that displays the beauty of life and the surrounding world. On March 6, 2006, the special concert of the symphonic band’s titled Symphonic Band and Concert Band took place in the Eisenhower Auditorium in Penn State. This concert deserves it’s mentioning here as far as the pieces of music presented there made an unforgettable impression on all its listeners, among whom the author of this paper was happily present. The performers of the concert operated with mainly jazzy topics that were combined with the classical symphonic pieces of music, and respectively the instruments used were the saxophone, the percussion instruments, and all the others used in these styles of music. Their use provided for the brilliant performance that widened the scope of the listeners and enriched their minds in an aesthetic sense. To begin with, the major point that was the most impressive during the concert was that it combined classical music and such a relatively new style, compared to music by Bach or Zdechlick, as jazz. This was a new thing that the author had never experienced before while visiting either purely symphonic concerts or purely jazz ones. Another impressive point of this very live performance was that all the compositions performed by both bands participating in the concert were executed consecutively without any breaks, rehearsals, and time for the rest of the musicians. They seemed to live by the music they played and feel every single emotion this music was intended to render. Moreover, the modern adaptations of the classical masterpieces of music of the famous European and American composers made the performance more understandable for the listeners of today for them to understand them in the context of the modern world. The selection of compositions that intrigued the listeners to the greatest extent was the part of the concert performed by the Concert Band. This band specializes in modern adaptations of the
What would happen if starting tomorrow the advertisement industry stops producing ads? Imagine yourself in a supermarket without knowing what product is of good quality. What would happen to the business world if advertising is taken out? What would happen to the media world if publicity is taken out? As I wake up in the morning, I brush my teeth with my Sensodyne toothpaste, I eat some exquisite Betty Crocker cake with a tasty Starbucks cappuccino, wear my school uniform, tie my Nike shoes and off to school. As the Lexus car rides to school, one by one all the signs and notices of the Starbucks, Nike and Sensodyne toothpaste pass before my eyes. One day, suddenly, a terrible thought came into my mind: what if all these advertisements are not placed there anymore, what would happen? Imagine yourself in a world where advertisement has disappeared. We would go to the supermarket to get some coffee, some toothpaste or some cake, but what kind of each would we get? Advertisements help us distinguish between the qualities of the products. This is what brands are supposed to be there for. This is what the role of advertisement is all about. We, as human beings, have different needs and desires and would like that business fulfills them. But none of us have the time and desire to go to the supermarket and inform ourselves there about the different types and qualities of the products we want. At least I do not know anybody who does it and do not believe that you do it also. What I want to demonstrate here is that we do not have the time and, sometimes even the desire, to get all the information when we are at the store. We prefer to go informed at the supermarket, just pick the product we want, and use it. This is exactly what the advertisement industry helps us to do. The primary goal and intention of the advertisement is to inform the public about the product, or service, it is advertising. When we see the Starbucks or Nike advertisements, we do not just see some graphical presentation. Its scope is to inform us that Starbucks makes first quality café and cappuccinos so if we want to buy good cappuccino, we go for Starbucks. It is in our interest to do it. This is the same if we want to purchase good quality shoes. Nike is there for us. There is no need to go to the supermarket and get informed there. You can go there informed, with precise intentions of what to buy because you have been informed by the advertisement industry about the quality of Starbucks and Nike, for example. And it is not that difficult to be informed. Nowadays psychologists are discovering that even if we do not have the attention focused toward the advertisement still its message remains “within” ourselves. They have found that when we hear, or see, repeatedly an adv
Introduction Research studies and reviews portray abortion as having divergent extremes in the American context and have a sharp integration into the political aspect to relate to the concepts and different ideas around abortion. Being an issue with great controversy, it has seen efforts for law amendments and funding to allow for legalities and freedom strategies that give more flexibility on abortion. Abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy which entails embryo or fetal removal before the baby is born. Abortion is severely influencing vice in our society. Individuals in large numbers use abortion to kill an unborn for reasons of varying nature. Alternately, others accept that it is a woman’s lawful right to pick early termination, particularly if there should arise an occurrence of inbreeding, assault, or medical problems compromising the existence of a mother. Background In the contextual issue, it is of significant ethical problem. Due to its relevance in society, the issue of abortion has those affirmative, the proposers, and those who think that abortion is a vice against humanity and unethical, the opposers. It has led to congress motions and the need for constitutional amendments in light of civil rights, healthy provisions, ethics, and religious views surrounding the concept of abortion (Todd-Gher et al., 2020). It refers to the idea, which harbors sensitive and callous demands, and seeks to create a world where abortion is free will. The text aims to evaluate and analyze the provisions and propositions of abortion and its perceptions to create a varying dynamic effect on the population. According to cultural practices, political views and alienation have a robust way of deciding accept
Roman poets, similar to other Roman artists of that period, employed an inimitable skill in acquiring exterior influences from outside cultures, effectively assimilating them and then re-engineering a Roman equivalent (Cunningham & Reich, 2010, p. 87). In poems 5, 58, 75 and 87 from the Roman poet Catullus, we see this skill exemplified. Catullus belonged to a generation of poets who dubbed themselves the neoterics, normally translated as “the modems,” a moniker derived from the Greek term “neoterikos,” who borrowed heavily from the school of poetry that originated in Alexandria (Burckhardt 2005 p. 122). The “new poets” like Catullus incorporated the principles and structure of Alexandrian poetry, which included “short and sharp epyllion, lyric, epigram and elegiac” (Burckhardt 2005 p. 122). Catullus started writing poetry in mid first century B.C.E.. At that time, a poet deemed typically was Greek, and what was classed as the suitable poem was the “aristocratic epic” that catered to needs of familial honor and social status (Batstone 1999 p. 2). Contemporaries of Catullus included Q. Lutatius Catullus, the Roman consul in the year 102 B.C., and the young Cicero, both of whom wrote Latin verse and lyric poetry designed to attend to the social needs of the moneyed class of conservative Romans, men who had achieved social status through war or statesmanship. However in the era when Catullus began producing his works, at the time of the emperor Augustus, a poetic transformation was afoot. Roman poets began to expand their style and subject matter to include “personal lyric and erotic elegy” (Batstone 1999 p. 2). Some of the works other than Catullus’ which survive from this period include the works of Horace, Tibullus, Propertius, Ovid and a large body of work from Virgil. In essence poetry began to be seen more as an art form, and less as an exclusive mechanism of social leverage for the small percentage of elite, powerful and well connected families. The generation of new poets from which Catullus came from combined Roman literary customs in epigram, satire, and comedy with the epic “learned and elitist aesthetic standards and values of third-century Alexandria” (Batstone 1999 p. 2). The effect became the poetry itself grew to develop an wider, more international scope, and the subject matter itself became more personal, more connected to everyday matters such as art, sex, the state of Rome, individual and erotic passion, education, and life (Batstone 1999 p. 2). In this way Catullus came to personify a generation of Roman poets that had started “to think and write in new and complex ways” (Batstone 1999 p. 2). In Catullus’ hands, the principles of the Alexandrian poets came to be used as lyric barbs to criticize other poets, as well as political leaders, who perpetuated the “utilitarian and patriotic old guard with their moralising epic-bashing endless stanzas” (Burckhardt 2005 p. 122). Catullus dealt with a myriad of the
Ethic is one of the most ancient sciences that has developed as the integrant part of philosophy. Nowadays the problems of the business ethic and the psychological climate in the company are of great importance for its successful functioning. At a time of economic reforms, with the development of private enterprises and new market relations the use of innovative approaches of management becomes actual. At the same time, there exist a lot of facts of trickery in business relations. The first priority for partners and customers who get into a contact with an organization is a brand confidence, its compliance with the domestic and international laws and its reputation. In this context, the question of business ethic is very important. It is impossible to create good trading and economic relations without considering moral aspects of business. The development of any company is possible only under the circumstances of trust relationships between its members. The confidence is based on such notions as social responsibility and good management. The basis of the business ethic are the moral standards, which rest upon cultural and traditional values. They are the unspoken rules and regulations that include such notions as conscience, accuracy, justice and respect. My personal belief is that the honesty with customers is one of the key factors that influence the development of any organization. In the modern world under the conditions of the dynamic competitive market, the success of any organization depends upon a customer. There is the unwritten rule that a customer is always right. To some extent, it may be considered as exaggeration, nevertheless the fact remains. It is a customer who ensures a profit of any organization. No matter whether it is a big multinational corporation or a small private organization- it is a customer for whom an enterprise conducts its activity. The aim of any business organization is the realization of profit. Without a customer there is no profit for an enterprise, without the profit the existence of an enterprise is impossible. It is the universal truth. Every manager in order to be successful should realize this fact, as well as any organization to be competitive should be customer-oriented. In such a case, the relation between a client and an organization is of great importance. Nowadays many organizations implement new programs aiming to attract customers. They propose different discounts, additional services and even gifts for clients. However, when push comes to shove it turns out that the benefits described by the company are not so