ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The work Discourse on the Method appeared in 1637. The first move that Descartes makes is to undermine the doctrine of the four elements by carrying out a reduction. By this project, Descartes aimed to stipulate norms and principles of science and its main functions which help a researcher to create new knowledge. The material sets out rules of method which go beyond specifically mathematical concerns, and it draws on areas as diverse as rhetoric, psychology, and dialectic. The material from the third stage is above all concerned with the mechanistic construal of cognition, although the final, incomplete, Rules return to more directly methodological concerns and appear to describe, in a general way, mathematical procedures that are set out much more fully in the Geometry. Main body Having established the unity of knowledge Descartes sets out why we need a method if we are to succeed in our inquiries, holding up the mathematical sciences as models in virtue of the certainty of their results. Rules then set out the two operations that the method relies upon, namely intuition and deduction. The central topics here are the doctrines of intuition) and deduction, and it is in these that the novelty of Descartes’ account resides. By this project, Descartes hopes to create a new understating of science and scientific research based on logic and doubt. It seems impossible to reconstruct the world view in one day (as Descartes claims) and create a new vision of reality. The Discourse on Method was based on Aristotle’s understanding of the method and scientific process. In the seventeenth century, there occurred a series of scientific discoveries that challenged and eventually destroyed the medieval conception of the universe — a conception that had endured for nearly two thousand years. According to this conception, which was rooted in the physics of Aristotle) and the astronomy of Ptolemy, the universe is a sphere with the earth at its center. By his doubt, then, Descartes does not mean to reject permanently all of his former beliefs. Some of them may well be true. But if they are, then Descartes wants to rediscover them, in the sense of showing that they follow logically from basic, indubitable propositions. The main purpose of the doubt is to find these indubitable propositions so that Descartes can use them as “foundations” upon which to rebuild his knowledge. The doubt is a way of rethinking everything from the beginning, to achieve the certainty that Descartes is seeking. One standard interpretation of Descartes’s notion of clarity and distinctness sees it as being inspired by mathematics. Descartes, in any case, took it as obvious that thoughts are properties, rather than substances. The truth of the substance theory is based on the correctness of a particular application of it. It has become apparent, then, that despite Descartes’s wish to doubt everything that is not certain. Descartes tries to give content to his conception of a purely thinking substance by reminding us of what “thinking” covers – namely, all conscious
Civilization involves high level developments on the cultural, political and social aspects of a region or a country. Mesopotamia and Egypt can be described as the two earliest civilizations which were located along the great river systems. Mesopotamia and Egypt had well established religion, art, architecture, education as well as political organizations. Both of them were very similar although there were some differences (Seignobos, 123-127). Both of them were found along the east. However, Mesopotamia was found in the Middle East, and it is currently known as Iraq. It was located along the two major rivers, Euphrates and Tigris. The word Mesopotamia is a Greek word meaning between two rivers. Both of them had political organizations. However, Mesopotamia had various states while Egypt consisted of a centralized state. During the early days in Mesopotamia, the cities were headed by priests. However, these priests abused their powers, which led to the rise of kings. Each state in Mesopotamia operated separately from each other with its own government and gods. On the other hand, Egypt was ruled by pharaoh who was the only powerful king. During this time, Egyptians stayed along the river Nile (Seignobos, 123-127). They were not living in the cities as compared to those people living in Mesopotamia. Both of them used calendars to guide them on their daily lives and farming activities. The people of Mesopotamia used calendars in order to determine when the floods could occur along the Euphrates and Tigris rivers (Chadwick, 126-140). However, the two calendars had some differences. For instance, the Mesopotamian calendar was shorter than the Egyptian calendar with eleven days. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt had similarities in terms of religion (Rollin, 225-228). Both of them worshipped more than one god. They also believed that the good people on earth will be granted an everlasting life in heaven. The Egyptians also believed that their kings were spiritual leaders (Chadwick, 137-151). Mesopotamia and Egypt had architecture and art which were their major achievements. Ziggurat was used as a centre of conducting celebrations in Mesopotamia. The Egyptians started building using bricks instead of stones, and they were regarded as the greatest builders. They built their first pyramids using six large stone brick tombs. In Mesopotamia people were well educated as well as in Egypt. Mesopotamians and Egyptians attained science and mathematical skills such as algebra, geometry as well as addition and subtraction. Most of the people in Mesopotamia were able to compute quadratic equations, and they were also very advanced in algebra and geometry (Chadwick, 157-160). The Egyptians used their mathematical skills in order to build great pyramids. Mesopotamians had a lot of mathematical skills as compared to the Egyptians. The Egyptians had a lot of developments in the field of architecture and art than the Mesopotamians. Both of them had great r
Introduction Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) is a technology-focused global corporation that was established almost five decades ago in California. Nonetheless, the company faces tough rivalry from other superior organizations, namely, Intel and NVIDIA, both of which have invested heavily in their research and development (R&D) personnel in relation to AMD. In addition, while Intel has a substantial capital base to facilitate its global operations, NVIDIA has recorded continuous productivity over the years, thanks to its CEO, Jen-Hsun Huan, compelling leadership and management expertise. As a result, AMD underwent constant restructuring with the view of beating both NVIDIA and Intel, although the move was poorly calculated because the company ended up recording negative organizational performance. In addition to examining what went wrong with the AMD, this paper discusses the input that an organizational development consultant and I would have given to save it. AMD’s Change and Negative Organizational Performance In the context of AMD, despite recording substantial sales and possessing assets amounting to close to 45 billion American dollars in 2000, it took less than one and half decades to realize negative performance characterized by losses to the tune of more than USD 40 billion (Kurtulmus 142). The change process, specifically, the way AMD handled its restructuring process with the view of remaining competitive, is responsible for the company’s negative performance. This reconfiguration could not eliminate the company’s prevailing management issues that led to the resigning of talented engineers such as Atiq Raza and even its founder, Jerry Sanders. In particular, issues had been raised and left unaddressed regarding the company’s spending that exceeded its sales. After acquiring ATI Technologies as part of its change process, the company did not do thorough market research regarding its competitors’ inventions before producing its innovative processors, namely, Phenom and Phenom II, because its rivals such as Intel had already supplied superior items, a situation that made AMD record losses in 2007 (Kurtulmus 143). In addition, the company’s acquisition plans resulted in a weak R&D team that steered the production of items such as the Bulldozer class of processors, which could not beat its rivals’ commodities. Hence, while its competitors were making huge sales of their innovative and competitive products, AMD was counting losses and hence the reason for its negative performance even in the 2016 financial year. AMD’s Organizational Structure and Culture To regain the lost glory, AMD can alter the prevailing organizational structure and culture to match its goals and objectives of being the best in its line of business. Consequently, it is crucial to note that rivalry determines the direction that interested parties take to remain operational and profitable. In this case, any actions that an organization takes are preceded by elaborate research concerning the prevailing market situation. In addition, any change should also consider workers’ reaction to it, including proposing so
Introduction British Airways are one of the world’s largest international airlines it operates both domestically as well as internationally. The company operates internationally with airlines flying in more than five-fifty destinations all over the world. Since the company carries out its operations all over the world there are many macro-environmental challenges that the company faces. Because of these challenges the company needs to develop and adapt dynamic strategies in order to combat the different challenges faced. Marketing is one of the functions that are carried out in any organization and that plays a great role in the operations of the company. In the case of the British Airways holiday package, the function has a great and important role it plays in the organization. Marketing has played a great role in the marketing of the British airways holiday packages. This is because it has created awareness of the packages to different customers all over the world. This has been possible through internet advertising whereby adverts on the packages are put on the front pages such that when a person is browsing personal information the first thing to view is the advert. Also, the adverts have been placed on the web pages of the British Airways online bookings. This strategy has resulted in increased awareness of the products and as we know whenever customers become aware of a product in the market what follows is making decisions regarding that product or service. Through awareness creation, many of the customers have made positive decisions regarding holiday packages. Also through marketing, the brand name of the company has been built, this is because it is used to market the products and services they offer. The more people are informed of a product or service the more the brand name and image is built in the minds of those people. The marketing function in British airways has played a great role in building the brand name and image of the products offered including the holiday packages. Marketing of the holiday package also creates the brand name of the company in the midst of a highly competitive environment. Marketing also plays important role in British Airways holiday packages, this is because it persuades customers to go for the holiday packages. Through the marketing activities that the company carries out the company has managed to survive in the competitive airlines market. Also based on one of the reports of the company the sales of the company have increased to large extends because of the marketing functions. The marketing function has played a very important role since based on the report the holiday packages have experienced a 100 percent increase in online sales of the packages. This has been a result of strong marketing strategies that have enabled the company to build its brand name in the market against the competitors. Apart from increasing awareness and persuading customers to purchase the marketing function has also enabled the company to achieve a competitive advantage against its competitors in the market hence an increase in
Medical practices have always faced challenges ranging from lack of equipment and supplies to inadequate knowledge on how to deal with some community health issues. In the implementation of medical practice, various ethical problems arise sometimes, undermining the whole process and the common good. Socially, some cultural values do not conform to such medical procedures as genetic testing and even manipulation. Additionally, some religious groups, such as Christians, believe that humans are perfect creations from God, and, therefore, any attempt to manipulate human structure is wrong. In his interview on the coronavirus vaccine, Dr. Francis Collins admitted that his experience as a scientist, atheist, and later as a Christian allowed him to understand science and faith. His experience in studying genetics, Bible, and directly involved in the human genome project enabled him to comprehend the ethical issues raised by society and Christians in general (Reed, 2020). Therefore, Dr. Francis’ views and that of his fellows are critical in analyzing the ethical issues for society and Christian healthcare professionals. The evolving science surrounding the genetic composition of humans has presented ethical obligations among clinicians. Genetic information helps in revealing health conditions of fetuses and their sexual statuses. Clinicians can deal with any prevailing health conditions affecting the mother or child using genetic testing or screening to prevent future risks. However, on some occasions, such information has been misused, posing ethical issues socially. Most scholars, including Wauters and Van Hoyweghen (2016) regard DNA testing as “a coded probabilistic medical record,” which, if carelessly handled, may lead to discrimination among patients. Information on individuals’ genetic contents, especially job seekers, may prevent them from obtaining their dream jobs, especially if they possess high-risk factors for some diseases. Additionally, further discriminations exist among employees who wish to obtain insurance covers. On some occasions, insurance companies have rejected workers due to the employees’ high health risks. Since genetic tests can help in determining an individual’s medical future, various companies can use such information to stigmatize people, leading to family discord and psychological d
In my home, China, one of the problems we have been working on is to recover the Sichuan Earthquake area. I have taken initiative to gather another 12 people who are very closely associated with me. We have taken an oath to provide relief to the people who have been affected by the earthquake. For all our endeavors to succeed we need financial backing and for that e have decided to print pamphlets that show the magnitude of the damage in the affected areas of China. We plan to give these pamphlets to businessmen in China and we have also uploaded these pamphlets on the internet for all the people around the world to see and to support this great cause. The winter is just around the corner and we are quickly running out of time, we need to get support to buy heat equipment for the affected people. We aim at collecting USD 800 before the winter season; this will ensure the survival of the less fortunate people who have been adversely affected by the earthquake. We plan to buy heaters for the people to ensure their survival, if we fail in this endeavor of ours, the results will be devastating. Our aim is to solicit donations from two resources: large corporations from my hometown, Beijing and online donations to our fundraising website. We have divided us into two groups. The first group is responsible for collecting donations from the established businessmen in China. We will approach them using our established networks such as personal friends, family members, and alumni. The second group is responsible for collecting as much donation as possible from the Internet; we plan to make use social networking sites for the same. I firmly believe that by the grace of God we will succeed in all our endeavors. This confidence of mine and my group members will accomplish this mission.
The paper features a discussion on the patient showing the symptoms of endometriosis, as well as the differences between treatment modalities for endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and amenorrhea. The report presents the chosen drug therapy and the follow-up care plan. The paper stresses the significance of proper assessment and diagnosis and concludes that errors during patient evaluation may result in poor health outcomes due to the differences in treatment for the mentioned conditions. Patient’s Assessment During my practicum experience, a 27 year-old-woman presented to the office with endometriosis. The patient noted severe pelvic pain during the first day of her menstrual cycle that was also present during ovulation. The woman also reported heavy irregular bleeding during menstruation and occasional spotting before periods. The symptoms are common of endometriosis; pelvic exam and laparoscopy were used to confirm the diagnosis (“Endometriosis,” 2016; Schuiling & Likis, 2017). The patient had a significant family history as her mother has had endometriosis for several years; her sister was diagnosed with ovarian cancer three years ago. The selected drug therapy and treatment was danazol 200mg daily in 2 divided doses for three months; the use of oral contraceptives was suggested (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). Follow-up care included regular rechecking to avoid worsening of symptoms, as well as laboratory tests every six months to eliminate the risk of endometrial cancer. Treatment Modalities It is vital to note that although the primary objective of care is to reduce symptoms and improve the quality of the patient’s life, treatment modalities for endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and amenorrhea differ. According to Tharpe et al. (2017), endometriosis may be treated with anti-inflammatory medications, medications, surgical interventions such as oophorectomy, as well as hormonal contraceptives and other medications. Treatment options for ovarian cysts include ovarian cystectomy, removing the fallopian tube, and the use of hormonal contraceptives to prevent the disease from recurring (Villines, 2018). Moreover, in cases when there are no symptoms and the cyst is small and fluid-filled, there is no need for interventions as it may disappear within several months. As for amenorrhea, which is characterized by the absence of menstruation, the treatment plan should be based on the possible causes of the condition. It may include changes in diet, psychological counseling, thyroxine-based treatment, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and oral contraceptives in case of polycystic ovary failure (Nordqvist, 2018). It is vital to consider the implications of these differences during diagnosis and treatment to ensure excellent patient outcomes. First, it is crucial to perform a detailed patient assessment to ensure that the diagnosis is correct. For example, both endometriosis and ovarian cysts may be associated with pelvic pain during menstruation or sexual intercourse, so it is necessary to implement
The assessment item explores the various consumer aberrant or criminal behaviors that are a common practice in everyday life. An intensive literature review from journals has been covered considering in each journal the various categories of consumer misbehavior ranging from slightly unethical through to the more serious illegal behaviors. More views have been gathered from a cross-cultural interview whereby individual responses to the suggested consumer misbehaviors have generated vivid views necessary for inclusion in this assessment item. The members of the interview group have been considered as hailing from different ages, sex, religion as well as social classes to come up with non-biased views. Finally, some recommendations have been highlighted based on the results of the findings of the various research findings that have been visited to come up with this assessment report. Introduction A consumer is a very significant entity in any production chain. The ultimate end goal of the system of production is consumption and therefore the consumer is the end entity to complete this line. It is out of this factor that the consumer attracts a lot of focus in this assessment item of the behaviors of the consumer. Ethically everybody would require appreciable attributes associated with consumer habits. In most instances, this has not been possible and even extends to affect the buyer since the extent of sales determines the benefits of the retailers. To some extent therefore the retailers give a positive contribution towards these aberrant consumer behaviors although sometimes it is out of goodwill and rights they do so. The decision by the consumer to purchase an item is a result of ethical issues. A consumer may be motivated to purchase an item guided by ethical norms or on the other hand, guided by the perceived consequences of behaviors. Research has shown that more weight falls on the side of ethical norms, whereby consumers to a large degree rely on ethical norms as opposed to perceived consequences in forming ethical judgments. (Babin, B. J. & Babin, L. A., 1996). There are factors that were found to be of major impact as regards the influence of these aberrant or criminal consumer behaviors. Factors of the price of the commodity and emotional issues are significantly important. Evidence of financial status, education level as well as religious affiliation however has a significant impact on the consumers’ misbehaviors. Concept of Consumer Misbehaviours Shoplifting is one of the most serious consumer misbehavior. According to Larry Greene Meier’s Journal Information Week: April 9, 2007; 1133; ABI/INFORM Global Pg.47., shoplifting is a common customer misbehavior practice affecting much retail. There has always existed of disparity on a balance between the percentage of shoppers frequenting a retail outlet and the actual difference in the store quantity. The peoples’ movement inside the premise has not always been monitored. The purchase of illicit goods is another form of customer misbehavior as has been put forward by Nancy
Introduction Self-transformation and self-reflection are critical parts of heroic journeys in literature. Often, heroes fail to succeed, but their experiences provide philosophical insights into the essence of personal reflection journeys. In this paper, I explore “Wild,” a hiking memoir of Cheryl Strayed, as she embarks on a 1,100-mile journey through the Pacific Crest trail “to save herself.” This paper explores the underlying thoughts behind personal journeys because it undermines the idea that Cheryl Strayed pursues the attainment of goals in her narration, Wild. Instead, this paper shows that Cheryl Strayed focuses on the process that leads to the goal of her journey, even when she cannot attain the goal. Essentially, this paper demonstrates that quest literature (“Wild”) mainly focuses on transformation, as opposed to evaluating how the hero meets or fails to meet her goal. Therefore, this paper suggests that the end of the road is not important in quest literature; instead, people should focus on how the subject transforms throughout the journey. Personal Journey Cheryl’s adventure throughout her journey is gripping, not because of its adventurous nature, but because of Cheryl’s ability to relate its details with her journey. Through this journey, Cheryl strives to understand herself and the predicaments in her life. Faced with the emotional torment of her mother’s death, her stepfather’s demise, her heroin addiction, and her failed marriage, it is difficult to ignore the emotional journey that Cheryl experiences. This jo