ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Survivor is a show that revolves around two teams of individuals competing between themselves and each other, with the ultimate goal of winning 1,000,000 dollars (“Survivor,” 2017). Despite the fact that the premise of the competition introduces a disruptive element into the game, the team aspect of the game is evident in both the survival and the contest elements of the episode. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the 1st episode of the 23rd Season of Survivor and apply Belbin’s Team Roles model to three characters participating, namely Ozzy Lusth, Benjamin “Coach” Wade, and John Cochran. Belbin’s Team Roles Belbin’s model identifies 8 archetypes that are unlikely to be found in pure form in real practice. These types include 4 extravert and 4 introvert roles, namely the following (Driskell, Driskell, Burke, & Salas, 2017):   * Extravert roles: The Plant (PL), the Resource Investigator (RI), the Chairman (CH), and the Shaper (SH).   * Introvert roles: Monitor Evaluator (ME), Team Worker (TW), Company Worker (CW), and Completer Finisher (CF). Belbin notes that it is nearly impossible to find individuals that purely reflect either of the subtypes, due to the fact that people display mixed patterns of behavior depending on the situation. Character Analysis Ozzy Lusth From the first few moments with his team, Ozzy Lusth has demonstrated him to be a Resource Investigator (RI). That type of personality is classified as an enthusiastic communicator with a penchant for creating morale boosts for the team (Driskell et al., 2017). His first suggestion to others was to take a swim in order to get everyone to enjoy their stay on the island, at least for a little bit. He also shows signs of being a Plant (PL), as the very idea of getting to know each other that way was somewhat unorthodox compared to the average meet-and-greet procedures previously seen on the Survivor show (“Survivor,” 2017). Nevertheless, he does not seem to be particularly systematic in his approach, which could turn into unpredictability, as the group is looking up to him for leadership. Benjamin “Coach” Wade Benjamin Wade is an interesting combination of introverted and extraverted qualities. Being a three-time veteran of the show, he knows how to lead a team, and expresses a Chairman (CH) type of team personality. He is calm, confident, and decisive, as demonstrated during the first team assembly (Driskell et al., 2017). At the same time, he is not an exceptional performer in terms of intellect or idea generator, which was the reason why he lost the first challenge to Ozzy (“Survivor,” 2017). His secondary personality type is that of a Team Worker (TW), which was demonstrated by his concern towards other members
Philosophy has been a popular discipline for many centuries, but not many people know what it exactly is. Some consider it to be a superset of rhetoric, while others believe that philosophy is dealing with questions that have no use in practice. Despite these assumptions, philosophy has played an essential role in human progress because it affects how people do science. To have a more detailed understanding of philosophy, it is critical to consider the primary traits that philosophers possess. The first part of this paper provides an examination of these characteristics and explores the concept of paradigm with a real-life example of Socrates. The second part is a personal account of what constitutes a philosopher, and if the author considers himself a philosopher. Argumentative Piece Traits of a Philosopher One of the most significant parts of the philosophic enterprise is the questions it provides. These inquiries are not simple in the sense that they cannot be answered to the full extent because of human’s limited understanding of the universe and its mechanisms ( Introduction: What is philosophy , n.d.). Instead, answers to such questions are only improved over time as the science progresses. The ability to wonder about the world and construct these enduring questions is the first trait a philosopher should have. An example of an enduring problem is, “How do we know that we exist in reality and not in our imagination?” Solutions to such issues have changed over time as human beings learned more about the surrounding world and have made significant developments in scientific disciplines. There is a possibility that answers will be altered further as time passes, and new inventions and discoveries will be presented. After giving an enduring question, a philosopher should have the capacity to answer it. Not all solutions suffice because they must meet the criteria of rational consideration. Therefore, the second trait of a philosopher is their ability to think and answer questions rationally ( Introduction: What is philosophy, n.d.). One may ask what rational thinking is, however, which makes the author switch the context to the field of critical reasoning. Rational thinking is the ability to engage in independent reasoning activities and evaluate conclusions based on logical connections between its supporting premises. When one says that a philosopher should be able to think rationally, they mean that philosophers need to be proficient in logic, argumentation, and unbiased reasoning. Critical thinking is a significant constituent of philosophy, but it also has a place in many other fields of studies, including mathematics, computer science, and jurisprudence ( An introduction to arguments , n.d.). Therefore, it can be considered that philosophy has an influence on other scientific disciplines and may have an impact
Introduction Global warming is one of the most important issues affecting the world today. Most of the world’s climatologists agree that the planet is warming and will continue to do so as more greenhouse gasses are emitted into the atmosphere. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) declares that while global warming has been happening naturally for centuries, most of the global warming experienced since the 1950s can be attributed to the greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activities (Webb, Whetton, & Barlow, 2008). Over the last three decades, scientists, policy makers, and governments have acknowledged that this phenomenon has many adverse effects on the Earth. These effects include a rise in sea levels, heat waves, flooding, droughts, proliferation of diseases, and the destruction of biodiversity. Global warming has had a significant impact on the agricultural sector since plants are affected by environmental conditions. One of the plants that have been significantly affected by this phenomenon is wine grapes, which are the raw material for wine production. Researchers reveal that grapes are some of the most climate sensitive fruits in the agricultural industry (Smart, 2006). Wine makers have come to the realization that they must acknowledge the impacts that climate change has on their industry and proceed to react appropriately to these changes. This paper will consider the ways in which the wine industry can adjust to the global warming phenomenon and continue producing high quality wines for the market. The paper will also discuss ways in which wine makers can reduce their own contributions to global warming. Wine Grapes and the Climate All agricultural products thrive under certain ideal climatic conditions that might be unique to the particular product. Jones (2012) reiterates that “climate is a pervasive factor in the success of all agricultural systems” and it influences aspects such as the suitability of certain crops to certain regions (p.284). Wine grapes are unique from most agricultural products in that they require very precise climate conditions to produce optimally. To begin with, vineyards are able to thrive in very limited geographical regions with most vineyards being found within the narrow latitude range of 30 0 to 50 0 on both sides of the equator. Outside of this range, vineyards do not flourish and it is uneconomical to engage in commercial cultivation of wine grapes. In addition to this, vineyards are susceptible to weather changes. Unlike many plants, which are equipped to adapt to a wide range of weather conditions, grapes have a low threshold for extreme weather. Extremes such as frost, freeze, or heat wave have a negative impact on the plants. Smart (2006) explains that the wine sector will be affected by changing weather conditions more than other crops since there is only a small average temperature difference between the present day wine regions making even slight shifts in global temperatures important for the sector. The weather changes caused by global warming therefore have an impact
The concept of the marketing mix is one of the most basic concepts of business, and yet it plays a paramount role in success or failure of a company. The marketing mix defines a set of factors that a company can influence in order for the customers to buy their products (Palmer, 2009). Nowadays, many beginning and even advanced enterprises neglect the in-depth study of the market, dismissing it, and the techniques of the marketing mix as common knowledge. Many of these businesses fail, having committed to a wrong marketing strategy (Palmer, 2009). Natio Cosmetics is an Australian company that was created from a family business that produces cosmetics for local and international companies for over 75 years. It specializes in skincare and other cosmetic products (“Natio,” 2016). The brand is spread throughout Australia and Oceania, which is known for the rural lifestyle and special connection with nature. The company appeals to that sentiment by making herbal-based products and ensuring that their merchandise is produced with the latest ecological concerns in mind (“FAQs,” 2016). Figure 1. Natio Logo The majority of their products revolve around skincare, as the company produces lotions, toners, sun protection, lipstick and other products that help preserve the skin against multiple natural hazards. The company keeps in touch with its clients by having a customer-dedicated fan-site and a Facebook group, where everyone interested could find out about their products (“FAQs,” 2016). The purpose of this paper is to see the concepts of the marketing mix in effect by observing and analyzing the products, prices, and promotional products of Natio Cosmetics. Marketing Mix As mentioned before, the marketing mix is a set of measures and options that a company can take in order to advance its merchandise on the market. It is very closely related to marketing strategy. The typical marketing strategy consists of four Ps, which are Price, Promotion, Product, and Place (Kamaleddin, Korosh, & Reza, 2015). Advanced market mixes contain more than these four positions, but the ones mentioned above are the core. The price policy determines many thi
Introduction This was an interview involving two service professionals from a school and a hospital. The two professionals consisted of a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist. The interview aimed to provide similarities and differences used by these professionals to handle cases in their respective settings. It is imperative to recognize that the field of psychology is wide and therefore offers various career opportunities for qualified professionals. Techniques applied by these professionals could be similar or different in some ways. Although the techniques may differ, the ultimate goal of these professionals is to ensure that their clients recover their health and well-being (National Centre for Mental Health, 2014). Professionals Interviewed Dr. James Shaw is a qualified clinical psychologist who has worked in both private and public settings. He is currently associated with the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Dr. Shaw offers therapy services to both adults and teenagers. Dr. John V. Campo is a child and adolescent psychiatrist with expertise in anxiety disorders, ADD, ADHD, child behavior disorders, mental disorders, psychiatry, and psychosomatic medicine among others. Dr. Campo is currently affiliated with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and the Ohio State University College of Medicine. Setting and duration Dr. Shaw practices in a warm, supportive environment within Ohio
The Purpose of the EFQM Model The model proposed by the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) is supposed to serve two functions. Firstly, it is expected to provide a set of guidelines that will help managers improve the performance of their businesses. Secondly, the EFQM model establishes criteria according to which executives can evaluate the work of their organizations. The Main Elements of the Framework This framework incorporates several concepts that are essential for analyzing the performance of enterprises. For instance, much attention should be paid to such aspects as the creation of added value for clients, sustainability, talent management, agility, leadership, and so forth. The EFQM model is also focused on the company’s relations with its major stakeholders like employees and business partners. Furthermore, this approach to quality management provides instructions for improving and monitoring the work of the organization. In particular, one should mention the following steps: identification of expected outcomes, developing strategies for attaining business goals, implementation of the chosen strategies, assessment of performance, and refinement of existing policies. These steps represent a continuous process aimed at improving quality and financial results. The Principles of the EFQM Model The advocates of the EFQM model stress the point that managers should not focus only financial indicators while assessing the performance of the firm. In their opinion, it is essential to study the perceptions of customers. This method is helpful in identifying potential problems at the early stage of their development. Furthermore, it is critical to examine workers’ attitudes. According to the EFQM model, companies should determine if they can adequately meet the expectations of their employees. Financial results cannot be disregarded; however, these indicators are often misleading. Overall, the EFQM model is premised on the idea that business administrators should not focus only short-term results because such a strategy can threaten the sustainability of the organization.
Introduction Outdoor events are becoming prevalent in British society and Annisburgh District is proud to be hosting the music festival. This event will bring about a number of benefits for the community and participants. It will develop community cohesion as people come together to participate in the music festival. It will promote the careers of the local and international artists who will be performing at the event and raise the profile of the district leading to a positive reputation. Over the course of the music festival, the food and drink requirements of the participants will have to be met. To achieve this, a number of food businesses will be serving the population. The Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (2010) contends that even at the best of conditions, outdoor food provision is a high-risk activity. With this in mind, this paper will set out to assess and control risks to public health posed by food provision at an outdoor music festival. Assessment of Public Health Risk Background An assessment of the music festival is necessary to determine the key food safety risks that the event may pose. The Local authority will ensure that risk assessment and policy formulation are undertaken. Walters and Rashid (2008) confirm that the local authority must be involved in the event since food hygiene falls under local authority control. This entity is responsible for issuing the Food Hygiene Certificate and checking that each food business meets the legal requirements. Risk Assessment Suitability of Site The previous use of the land poses great risks. The selected size is normally used for grazing stock and this reality raises public health considerations. As a field for grazing stock, the site will contain animal droppings, which can contaminate food areas. The participants will also have their hands contaminated through contact with grass. Drainage will also be an issue on the site since it is highly unlikely that the field will be connected to drains. Nature of businesses The diverse nature of food businesses will result in varying levels of food hygiene qualifications being held. Businesses with highly qualified staff will have impressive food hygiene qualifications while those that employ part-time or temporary staff will have little to no food hygiene qualifications. Mortlock et al. (2000) suggest that most retail businesses are likely to employ no qualified full-time food handlers while caterers are likely to employ those qualified to intermediate levels. This shortage of qualified personnel can be blamed on the high turnover rates in the industry. Research indicates that staff turnover rates in the food sector are high with 54% of catering assistants changing occupations after completing education (Hutter 2011). The food hygiene qualifications will therefore be varied across the food businesses, which will result in inconsistencies in food safety. Food Handler Proficiency The competence of the food handlers will present a key food safety risk at the event. In addition to legislation and inspections, it is desirable that all food handlers be properly trained. However, the Food Standards Agency (2006) confirms
What is important to understand about the taming of the West? Taming of the West is important for the American history because it depicts the experiences of the Native Americans, Mexicans, Indians, Spanish, and White settlers. The arrival of the immigrants to the American West faced a wild environment because different ethnicities and races fought constantly for land. The warring groups, which consisted of Native Americans, Mexicans, Indians, Spanish, and White settlers, required territory for settlements and agricultural purposes. As a result, the process of fighting constitutes taming of the West because it eventually led to the coexistence of Native Americans, the White settlers, Indians, Mexicans, and Spanish after a series of comprises and loss of lives. What is the value of Texas independence to the story of the American Westward movement? The independence of Texas empowered the American Westward movement there. Due to the massive immigration of Americans to Texas the Mexican government was gradually weakened. By 1836 Texas gained independence and facilitated American Westward movement. When Sam Houston became the president of the Independent Texas, he travelled to the east and recruited many settlers, who invaded the West and thus contributed to the American Westward movement. This is how Americans in Texas assisted westward expansion of the territory of the United States. Why did we go to war with Mexico in 1846? Who was at fault? The war between the United States and Mexico emerged in 1846 due to recognition of Texas’ Independence, annexation of Texas to the United States, and offensive behavior of Mexican soldiers. When Texas got its autonomy in 1846 after fighting with Mexico, recognition of this independence by the American government created enmity between the United States and Mexico. Moreover, annexation of Texas to the United States deepened the confrontation and resulted in threats from the side of Mexico directed at the US. Soon after that captain Thornton Affair encouraged Mexican soldiers’ aggression and it led to an attack of the States army. In response the congress declared war on Mexico in 1846. According to these facts, Mexican government and military forces were the ones to provoke and initiate the war. Discuss the various conflicting images of President Polk During his reign, President Polk presented conflicting images, which baffled his contemporaries. Although President Polk supported colonization, he threatened Britain regarding the issue of ownership of the Oregon Country. Surprisingly, President Polk changed his course for emancipation of Oregon Country, when they agreed to split Oregon and share ownership with Britain. Furthermore
Abstract Crime has always been a negative side of society. Taking the life of another human being is one of the hardest crimes, which dates to the biblical times of the first murderer Cain, who killed his brother Abel. As humanity progressed, the ways of killing people emerged as well as the reasons, that got more and more complex and sophisticated. As a result, the second part of the twentieth century has seen the so-called Golden Age of serial killers. This tendency ended in the twenty-first century with more developed criminology to counter-react to homicide and criminal behavior. This annotated bibliography provides insight into how different authors explain the phenomenon of the rise and decline of serial killings. Yaksic, Enzo, et al. “Detecting a Decline in Serial Homicide: Have we Banished the Devil from the Details?” Cogent Social Sciences , vol. 5, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-23. The article provides an insight into the argument between people who disagree with an evidential decline in serial killings with factual evidence. It is believed that the 21st century has been associated with a worldwide decline in serial homicide cases. However, the opponents argue that the missing people and unresolved cases may be attributed to the serial killers of the present day. The past decade contained almost half the cases (13%) that existed at the 1980s peak of serial homicide (27%) (Yaksic et al. 12). However, experts argue that unresolved cases cannot contribute to the numbers of the 20th century. Only 282 (1.3%) strangled females made up the 22,444 unresolved homicides reviewed (Yaksic et al. 12). In addition, not all modern serial killers are able to reach their full potential, as did the criminals in the twentieth century. Therefore, the article shows that the statement about the decline of serial killers in the present day can be argued. This resource can be used to critically examine the problem and prove the existence of various influencing factors. Marono, Abbie Jean, et al. “A Behaviour Sequence Analysis of Serial Killers’ Lives: From Childhood Abuse to Methods of Murder.” Psychiatry, Psycho