ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary According to Romero’s examination, there is a likelihood that the Latin American region is facing bright economic days ahead but there are challenges with enough potential to derail the expected economic growth in the region. Quote “Los Olivos offers a glimpse into the growth lifting parts of Latin America out of poverty, but big exceptions persist” (Romero 2). Response Los Olivos is a working-class district in Lima. The district is coming up economically and business activities are flourishing in the area. However, as Romero pointed out, development is not taking place all over Lima and in general not all over Latin America. Challenges are facing the region which can derail its quick economic growth. Apart from Romero examining the huge economical potential that Latin America has, he did not fail to point out some huge drawbacks which can, with much ease, derail the expected economic growth. The current general trend in Latin American countries is a positive growth in the economies with exception of few nations such as Venezuela and Ecuador. Despite the broader trend of positive economic growth which has been identified, scholars have aired their fears that the trend can not hold on for long enough. Concerns have been raised about the political instability of the region, the region’s exponential growth in reliance on China, and overreliance on exports. The region’s overreliance on China exposes the region to the policies of China and this may be detrimental to the region’s economic growth. The region indeed has a huge potential of becoming a regional business hub. For this to be achieved, there is a need for the nations in this region to forge ahead as an economic bloc. There is a need to stabilize the whole region through democratization. Country development in the region has to take place even if the whole region is to benefit internally from each other. There is also a need to develop more regional-based solutions to support and boost the region. Brazil being a bit ahead of the other members in the region needs to take more initiatives within the region to ensure that the bloc evenly develops; this can be possible if Brazil redirects some of its attention and focus from China to other members of the region. A strong, stable, and united Latin America will be in a good position to absorb economic shocks and be in a better bargaining position with other economic blocs. The region is still underdeveloped and forming a tight econom
General Profile Political Stability   * Parliamentary democracy with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government Headed by the Prime Minister, currently Lee Hsien Loong.   * Leading political parties are People’s Action Party (PAP); Workers’ Party of Singapore, the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) and the Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA), etc.   * Laws allow capital punishment for first-degree murder and drug trafficking.   * Least corrupt country in Asia is among world’s ten most free from corruption.   * Stable politics with good economic policies. Economic Development Model   * Highly developed and successful free-market economy.   * Economy depends on exports, of consumer electronics and information technology products.   * Fiscal stimulus, low interest rates, surge in exports, and internal flexibility led to vigorous growth in 2004-07 with real GDP growth averaging 7% annually.   * Major FDI in pharmaceuticals and medical technology production.   * GDP (purchasing power parity):$228.1 billion; GDP – real growth rate: 7.7%; GDP – per capita (PPP): $49,700.   * Current account balance: $39.16 billion; Exports: $450.6 billion f.o.b. Imports: $396 billion.   * Unemployment rate: 2.1%; Revenues: $27 billion; Expenditures: $21.5 billion.   * Agriculture products: rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables; poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish.   * Industries: electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade. Environmental Profile Carbon Emissions   * 26.80 CO2e Mt; 8.38 CO2e t/person.   * 2 % of global emissions.   * Increasing at 3 % annually. Renewable Energy Status   * Singapore has a renewable energy policy but it does not used renewable energy source for energy production. Fair Trade Status   * The FLO Fairtrade system is distinct from most development schemes as it empowers and guarantees a better deal to disadvantaged producers. It addresses the injustice of low prices by guaranteeing that producers receive fair terms of trade and fair prices – however unfair the conventional market is. Additionally to the Fairtrade Minimum Price, the Fairtrade Labelling system guarantees a Premium to producer organizations or worker bodies to enable them to invest in social, economic or environmental improvements.   * The concept of Fairtrade, however, goes far beyond a simple economic transaction. At the heart of Fairtrade are long term relationships between producers and buyers, enabling producers to strengthen their businesses and diversify their sources of income. Unlike aid, which is dependent on donors, Fairtrade offers a more sustainable solution for farmers, workers, and their families to improve their livelihoods.   * Currently no Items and products are dealt with from my country.   * There is an opportunity to trade in Cotton. Carbon Trading Regime   * Singapore has acceded to the Kyoto Protocol that commits signatory countries to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions   * Countries that ratify the Ky
Introduction The plot of “The Namesake” deals with identity and assimilation issues faced by various members of a racially and culturally distinct Indian-American immigrant family in the United States and how they adapt to and reshape their host environment (Urdang, 2002, p.156). The aim of this report is to understand how social workers can improve the quality of social services for a targeted client by utilizing the framework of human behavior and the social environment. Main text The client’s family comprises Ashoke Ganguly and his wife Ashima, their son Gogol and daughter Sonia. The parents are first-generation immigrants from India and depicted as traditionalists who cling hard to their unique South Asian Indian ways. The children, in contrast, relate to more than one cultural system, leading to a clash of values which becomes even more pronounced as the son comes of age, unsuccessfully trying to assimilate into American culture. For a social worker, diversity and cultural issues directly affect their social work practice in many ways because they involve the need to resolve complex value conflicts faced by their client (Urdang, 2002, p.157). According to theoretical constructs of human behavior and social environment, social workers can use the following techniques to stay informed and resourceful in their practice of dealing with culturally diverse clients. Cultural Sensitivity In order to provide leadership in promoting sustainable changes for service delivery and practice, the social worker must recognize that people may have different values and perspectives and must keep an open mind in learning about the client’s culture (Anderson, Carter & Lowe, 1999, p.138). To take a leaf from the movie “Namesake”, if a social worker had to deal with the Ganguly family, she would be able to relate with them better only after giving due importance to values and norms prevalent in Asian immigrant cultures e.g. respect for parents, arranged marriages, the pursuit of higher education, etc. Becoming familiar with the client’s cultural background greatly helps the social worker in understanding their “real need” in order to develop culture-specific contexts and techniques (Urdang, 2002, p.157). For instance, if the Ganguly family was facing discrimination or prejudice due to their ethnic origin, the social worker would be in a better position to recommend appropriate diversity programs that address the social, emotional, and economic well-being of the clients. Cultural Competence In order to attend to changing locales, populations, etc. and relate with emerging societal trends for providing relevant service to the client, the social worker must be culturally competent so t
Introduction Wuensch and Moore (2004) acknowledge the positive perception of physically attractive individuals in the society. Additionally, attractive people tend to be treated better compared to those who are not attractive. Wuensch and Moore (2004) argue that unattractive offenders who rape attractive women are more likely to be perceived as guilty. The authors provide an example of a stimulated sexual harassment research undertaken in 1990. In reference to the research, cases involving unattractive perpetrators were more likely to have guilty rulings (Odds ratio= 2.5) compared to those with attractive offenders. The authors also acknowledge that such trends are disturbing as the perception of the mock jurors is likely to affect their judgement on sexual harassment cases. As a result, these jurors are likely to infer that attractive offenders have other interesting features, and hence less likely to participate in criminal activities. Wuensch and Moore (2004) presented the aforementioned research study to university students and requested them to explain the actions of the jurors. One of the most repeated responses from the students was that attractive men are incapable of harassing women. It was clear from the responses that the students thought that sexual desire was a predisposing factor to harassment. Based on findings from past research, this study sought to investigate the impact of juror’s gender, and the attractiveness of the offender on the verdict in a civil case. Specifically, this case involved an alleged sexual harassment of a male worker by his female boss. Methods Wuensch and Moore (2004) selected 324 students from an undergraduate psychology class. Majority (78%) of the students were Caucasian. Other races that were represented included; African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. The average age of the respondents was19.5 years. The subjects were required sign an informed consent prior to participation, and the researchers emphasized on the fictional nature of the study. According to the authors, a 2 x 2 x 2 research design was applied in the study. There were three independent variables assessed in the research; gender, attractiveness of the offender, and attractiveness of the accuser. The dependent variables included; the judgement and the participant’s admission of guilt. Wuensch and Moore (2004) classified the subjects into groups (10 to 40 students) and gave summaries of the plaintiff’s testimony and their photographs, a summary of the trial, and a respondent’s response form. Based on the case summary and the resources given, the students were asked to indicate what their verdict was (yes or no). Thei
Abstract This research article evaluates the debt fiasco in Dubai. The paper starts with the distinction between Dubai and Dubai world, and then proceeds to describe the nature of the liability crisis in Dubai. Additionally, the research evaluates the intervention by Abu Dhabi, reviewing the reasons and effects of the intervention. Finally, the article evaluates the crisis outcomes. Dubai is an UAE emirate. The UAE is a union of seven emirates in the Persian Gulf. The emirates are ruled by emirs. In most cases the rule is by personal decisions of the emirs. Dubai has significantly transformed from an oil dependent state to the present situation where oil accounts for about 10% of the economy. It has grown from an oil-based economy to diversification in areas of business characteristics of western economies. The Dubai government approached the diversification by increasing public spending on investment and to boost venture capital. This means that the government is involved in most projects within the emirate. The government does this through a venture company. Dubai world is the venture company that runs different investment portfolios in varied fields on behalf of the government. The Dubai economy ranks third globally, while its per capita income is placed fourth. There has been speedy growth promoted by the government’s effort to brand the emirate as an economic hub full of opportunities. The government has also adopted a laissez-fare approach to social issues, unlike other Muslim states. The government’s efforts led to a rapid increase in the volume of construction projects. Landed-property industry grew rapidly with numerous building projects being initiated. Most ventures were financed through credit from the global finance. The problem started in 2008, with the exponential growth in landed property in Dubai. There was an over expectation on the industry and investors started projects with increased growth postulates. This was, however, compromised by the worldwide crisis which led to reduced spending and the consequent lack of demand in numerous good and services businesses. This debacle was revealed when the Dubai government presented a declaration to urge its creditors to reschedule the debt repayment. Some Islamic bonds were near maturity and the government had no money to honor its obligations. It requested creditors for a standstill and a redrafting of the payment schedule. The ensuing debt crisis extended through 2009 and is still felt in 2011. The government of Abu Dhabi promptly countered the crisis together with the central Bank of UAE. They offered Dubai a $10 billion loan. This was meant to cater for the immediate loan repayment of the matured bonds. Financial analysts link the progression of the predicament to the government’s investment in landed property in US. Others opine that the crisis was a result of personalized decisions practice which is the phenomenon of the emirate’s government. Blame has also been laid on the Islamic bonds, Sukuk of Nahkeel. However, more objective analysis reveals that the Dubai government and Dubai World used public funds increasingly indiscriminately in the last decade The speculations o
Abusers often believe that they are the victims of the situation. Most people perceive that abusers have psychological problems that lead them to do violent acts. In the reality, it is the problem of perception as abusers believe that what they are doing can help them keep control of a situation in family. They use language to lie to themselves and find an excuse for their cruelty (Snyder 149). Language and framing play a significant role in manipulating people’s understanding of domestic violence and the nature of the problem. The interventions like that show some results where abusers stop their cruel behavior. However, it is challenging to gather precise data on the affected people and keep track of their actions by the batterer programs. People only know about domestic violence when the victims report it and there is actual evidence of physical abuse. Therefore, social worker may never know the real recidivism rates and number of abusive cases. The carried study on prisoners recorded that there was about 80% decrease in recidivism in people who underwent recreational programs (Snyder 133). The violent people can always become nonviolent through these programs, nonetheless, there always will be things which cannot be rehabilitated by the program workers (Snyder 222). Men who are abusive in their families are usually traditional, religious people with reputable workplace and who think that men are superior to women (Snyder 178). They are also very secretive and do not like to share personal information (Snyder 178). This sphere requires tons of investment, but it is important that the social programs like this function to protect citizens from harm and ensure stability. For instance, the medical expenses for treatment of victims is approximately $8 billion a year and the Department of Justice needs about $28 billion annually to oversee the cases of domestic violence (Snyder 16, 20). It is more effective to prevent violence rather than clearing all the troubles it has caused. The prosperity of families is a determinant factor of the country’s wealth and democracy as there is no free country with domestic violence. The batterer programs are low in funding and this is the reason the familicides and family fights are still the issue all over the globe. Work Cited Snyder, Rachel Louise. No Visible Bruises: What We Don’t Know about Domestic Violence Can Kill Us . Scribe Publications, 2020.
Text for Analysis Susan: Why don’t you want to go there with me, Teddy? Theodore: Well… You see… Sue, I’m not really sure that I should. Besides, you are a smart girl and can do that on your own. Susan: But… I thought we were going to the Jarreds’ together. And now… Now I do not want to go either. Susan: Maybe I should call them and tell that we fell ill and this can be influenza?! Theodore: Don’t, honey. They are waiting for you! And I… Susan: You have to come with me! You are my boyfriend and I want my friends to know that and accept my decision. Theodore: But, Sue… They don’t like me and we both know it. One doesn’t need to be a genius to know that. Look at yourself and look at me: We are from different galaxies and all your friends think so too. Did you ever notice how your friends look at me when I stand aside? No? And I did… And I didn’t like that at all. At all! Maybe you can be more successful if you find someone who fits you perfectly…? Susan: Someone from the same galaxy? Don’t be ridiculous, Ted! I do not want to find a perfect match and don’t want to be judged by my friends. I like you and want to be with you. Isn’t that enough? Theodore: Yes… Well, no… I don’t know what you mean. I think that you could just go without me to that stupid party… Susan: So, now you think it stupid! Hah! I thought so. You don’t want to meet with my friends and do not try to make them like you. You just sit and moan, walk and moan, lie and moan. What do you want me to do? Maybe I should have told them to like you, shouldn’t I? Of course! I should have taken you there and told them to be nice with you. But you are not a little boy and should take care of yourself. (She went out and slammed the door). The Genre and the Cultural Context Variables As the text is a composed one, it can be characterised in accordance with genre peculiarities as a fiction romantic novel (Eggins, 2004, p.56) where two main characters are involved in a dialogue. Besides, this can be treated as a dialogue between two people who have a romantic affair. It is obvious from the context that they are of different social status or have unequal background. Munro (2008) explores researches by Halliday and other prominent linguists of the era concerning the concept of linguistics and of grammar in particular. In this respect, Halliday (2002) suggested a complicated analysis of grammar related to semiotics hence developing research on multi-functional nature and structure of language. Thus, the cultural peculiarities of the text under analysis cannot be defined. However, the basic information can be retrieved from this text. For instance, the dialogue takes place between two people of different genders and none of them tries to take the role of another; a man and a woman have some differences in social position and do not have great difference in age
This research study was done to determine contingent negative variation in psychopaths. It rectified diagnostic and methodological problems witnessed in previous studies in order to bring out the definite findings on contingent negative variation in psychopaths. It sampled 29 male prisoners who had volunteered for study. They were grouped into two; psychopaths and nonpsychopaths based on psychopathy check list score. Psychopaths forewarned reaction time task guided by time duration was performed in relation to warning stimulus and imperative stimulus and recorded on psychopathy check list. These results were later analyzed to determine psychopath’s contingent negative variation (Adelle & Robert, 1989). Past research studies indicated that; psychopath’s anticipatory autonomic responses are different, they showed a weak behavioral activation system, normal behavioral activation system and are more responsive to rewarding than in punishment. They also, indicated that a slow negative potential shift occurred in intervals between warning stimuli and imperative stimuli and it failed to show classic condition response by showing little or no contingent negative variation activity warning intervals. This scenario relates to Gray’s theory in that rewarding psychopaths prompted them to exhibit certain behavior, while punishment inhibited the same behavior (Adelle & Robert, 1989). Raine and Venables criticized earlier research studies on psychopath’s contingent negative variation by concluding that there was no way of knowing whether or not any of the antisocial subjects would meet the criteria for psychopathy. They added that previous studies were based on false premise concluding that psychopaths are generally poor at learning relation between events. They also highlighted that although autonomic data indicated that psychopaths are not fearful in anticipation of aversive stimulation there was no reason to assume that they were unaware of contingencies involved (Adelle & Robert, 1989). Forth and Hare predicted that psychopaths were incapable of having cognitive or motivational process thought to underlie the contingent negative variation and they had the ability to focus on attention on events that interest them. They also predicted that, psychopath’s contingent negative variation in tasks that are sufficiently interesting and motivating was larger than those of normal individuals. The difference between the early contingent negative variation and late contingent negative variation is that, early contingent negative variation reaches its maximum within the first few seconds after the warning stimulus. It is largest over frontal regions and reflects task demands as well as the physical properties, significance, processing and warning stimulus. Late contingent negative variation peaks just before the imperative stimulus. It is largest over precentral and central regio