ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world today is defined by plurality of cultures running in a rhythm of conflict and integration. The Islamic culture and value system defines the Saudi Arabia’s cultural, political, social and economic norms (Commins, 2006). As a country deeply rooted in Islam as the source of political ideology, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has continued to shape its international relations based on the staunch belief and practice of the Islamic culture. The country is a non-aligned Islamic state whose main foreign policy objective is to maintain the security of the citizens as well as its position on the Arabian Peninsula. In addition, the country has a long history of defending the Arab interest, promotion of solidarity among Islamic states, and maintenance of positive relations with oil-based countries. This paper seeks to explore the role of Islam in influencing its foreign policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Discussion Islam is central to Saudi foreign and domestic policy framework. According to the library of Congress, Saudi Arabia has been known for its stand on three thematic concerns, including the Arab nationalism, regional security, and Islam. These themes have come to dominate the process of formulating foreign policies since the early 1950’s. Most scholars have directed their efforts toward investigating the extent to which the Islamic principles have tended to shape the Saudi foreign policies (Commins, 2006). The concept of Islam has provided greener grounds that depict Saudi Arabia as a strong country, especially the existence of holy cities of Medina and Mecca. Studies show that religion, culture, and politics play significant roles in shaping a country’s relationship with the rest of the world (Emerson, Youngs, and Amghar, 2007). According to Alshamsi (2011), where religion forms that core of a country’s unity, there are tendencies of creating strong affiliate unity. Therefore, this study suggests that the existence of a single religion has provided Saudi Arabia with a strong form of unity that remains unmatched by other countries around the world. The fact that Saudi foreign policy remains committal to ensuring peaceful coexistence with allied Islamic countries, its quest for creating foreign policies has been driven by ideologies of Islam. Islam has continued to offer the basis for searching and maintaining allies, and providing support for Muslim countries in terms of leadership and political strengths. For instance, Saudi Arabia has generated impetus for involvement in the internal affairs of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Somalia (Emerson, Youngs, and Amghar, 2007). Literature abounds about the role of religion in streamlining political ideologies of most countries, especially the Arab world. History recalls that from mid 1930’s up to 1991, the Saudi Islamic concept opposed the existence of communist ideologies. This meant that within this defining moment, Saudi Arabia had no positive relations with the Soviet Union, which was regarded as unholy state. Although Islam has driven most issues of Saudi foreign agenda, studies indicate that countries that have supported its Islamic stand have won its foreign support agains
Background EZ-ABC school is an ESL (English as a second language) school in the Kangnam business district of Seoul City. The school has two major problems. One of the problems is employee retention under the human resources management department. The other problem is lower student enrollment, which should appear under general management. General management deals with creating strategies for capturing a larger market share. The school operates as a franchise of EZ-ABC, which is a brand with a good reputation. Sandy is the principal of the school. She has a doctorate degree in educational leadership. On the other hand, Mr. Lee is a retired soldier. He is the sole proprietor of the school. Without professional management, the standards of the school cannot improve. With lower teacher retention, students cannot perform well in their courses. Teacher retention requires a suitable work environment. Some of the external constraints include increased rivalry and unfavorable economic conditions. Identifying Problems/ Issues Overall management Integrity/ honesty/ honouring contracts One of the symptoms of lack of integrity is the irregular city deductions from employees’ salaries. It appears dishonest to imply that the city council has deducted some taxes when it has not. The firm is not honest when reporting facts to the employees. It was inaccurate to tell Bert that teachers do not need to draft lesson plans. If the management appears dishonest, none of its core values can be taken seriously. Dishonesty also indicates a lack of a vision. Professional leadership The school lacks professional leadership. Mr. Lee hired Sandy to be the principal of the school and to act as the manager. Mr. Lee is a retired military officer who has no formal knowledge of running a school. It creates a leadership gap if Sandy takes orders from him. Leadership style The autocratic leadership style used by both Sandy and Mr. Lee demoralizes teachers. Daft (2014) explains that an autocratic leader “centralizes authority and derives power from her position, control of rewards, and coercion” (p. 44). Sandy is demoralized by Mr. Lee’s commands. In turn, she also applies similar commands to teachers. The commands are uttered together with threats. Her repeated use of commands and threats are a characteristic of the autocratic leadership style. Mr. Lee’s resistance to a curriculum change is another characteristic. The management is resistant to change. Conflict of interest The conflict of interest that Sandy has on the development of a new curriculum affects general management. She wants to experiment with her lesson plans by forcing other teachers to comply with them. Cultural difference One of the symptoms of the problem is that Koreans do not expect foreigners to complain about small deductions provided it is returned to the firm that employs them. It appears as if the firm needs the small deductions to survive. In Korea, it is normal. In Canada, it is unacceptable to make false deductions. The difference in cultures m
Objectives This paper seeks to achieve the following objectives:  1. Appreciate the notion of working capital and evaluate issues that are associated with the monetary feasibility of a company  2. Appraise the risks that SABIC/B&W may encounter in the present position  3. Recommend answers to problems that relate to:      1. Supplier associations      2. Power and management      3. Cost management      4. Working capital      5. Client associations      6. Supplier affairs      7. Prioritisation  4. Utilise knowledge from the Corporate Award curriculum in matters concerning:      1. Risk examination      2. Interaction with people with service providers      3. Cost breakdown      4. Ratio scrutiny      5. Mutual dealings      6. Revenue making      7. Successful developments      8. Electronic procedures  5. Prioritise actions in a suitable progression Management Summary The role or purchasing and supply chain management in any modern organisation cannot be ignored. Indeed, the concept of purchasing and supply chain management forms one of the major competitiveness factors that separate one organisation from the other in terms of efficiency, good service delivery, and most importantly, profits. Therefore, it is easy to understand why there has been an increased focus on aligning organisation’s purchasing and supplier roles with the overall organisational goals in the recent past (Baier 52). With reference to SABIC, it is commendable that despite its non-existent purchasing and supply function, it has achieved a substantial level of success in its business as evidenced by its recent acquisition plans for B&W, which has been a major supplier for a long time. The recent realisation that its supply chain has been a one-man show with high-handedness towards suppliers is rather unfortunate. It indicates a high level of organisational inadequacies and ineffectiveness. However, on the bright side, it is a clear indication that the opportunities that SABIC has are very high and that it can achieve great success if it can utilise its available human capital resources together with resources the to-be-acquired company, B&W. B&W has a better organisation management structure and processes that are very enviable. SABIC can integrate them in its quest of establishing a better purchasing and supply processes in its operations. For instance, apart from having a highly effective purchasing and supply management process, B&W has patented some of its processes that will be very handy in the efforts that SAB
Introduction Health and wellness are an important part of people’s lives, and a consideration each and every person must have. Individuals are in large part interested in prolonging their life, making them more enjoyable, sustainable, and beneficial to both themselves and the environment. However, with the variety of daily considerations to take every single day, the prospect of healthy living can seldom be achieved. Despite this fact, many people strive to improve their habits, preferences, and routines in order to promote a better life for themselves and other people. For the purposes of allowing people to achieve their best possible self, professionals in planning and implementing change are often consulted, including psychologists, trainers, doctors, and other knowledgeable individuals. Their support or advice can be invaluable in the pursuit of a better lifestyle and positive change. For the change to take place, an introduction of a comprehensive and thought-out strategy is often needed. In particular, a framework for improving lifestyle should be appropriate for each individual and backed up by evidence of its effectiveness. An intervention strategy to achieve such a goal will be documented and discussed in this work, as demonstrated by my friend Robert. The friend in question is a lively and positive person in life, who, prior to this intervention, did not have the ability or proper self-management skills to achieve better health outcomes for himself. The intervention discussion will focus on overviewing Robert’s problems, as well as an intervention strategy to change his daily diet to a more beneficial one. Client and Intervention Overview Robert is a long-time friend of mine and a person that I have known for more than a few years until now. He is a 26-year-old white man, living in a middle-income suburban area in a rented flat. He is currently both working an office job and going to some creative courses, leading a generally active life and taking part in many community activities. He has taken a habit of exercising in the morning, and often runs to his workplace instead of using public transit. For a prolonged period of time, he has been generally healthy, and has not experienced many serious diseases, nor does he have any chronic conditions that I am knowledgeable of. However, something that Robert shared with me recently is a desire to start leading a more healthy and environmentally-positive life, in particular by adjusting his diet. While not exactly eating unhealthy, he is known to indulge in greasy, fat, and meaty foods often, leaving him feeling full and heavy in the mornings. We have been discussing possible alternatives to change his diet, and come up with a few solutions, including the reduction of meat consumption, eating habits, and regime. During the process, Robert noted that his other acquaintances recommended a vegetarian diet as a viable alternative, one that will improve his general health and wellbeing. Robert and I both thought that the idea is very p
Living in rush and busy world many people do not think globally about such notion as partnerships for health. Still, it is really important to implement this idea in the societies of different countries to organize the partnership on different levels, local and international. To begin with, it is important to define the notion ‘partnerships for health’. It is possible to understand this idea from different angles and with various shades, but one of the central ideas of partnerships for health is providing support in the health care offering different kinds of help when it is necessary. Partnerships for health works on the basis of a number of different organizations which are created with the purpose to provide help to the countries which cannot cope themselves. There are a number of reasons why partnership may be helpful. Here are some specific cases when partnership is beneficial and really important. It is impossible to survive without support in this world. Here are some specific examples which may be considered as the most important basis and reasons for existing partnerships for health. The countries in the modern world have different level of political and economical development. Pointing only to these characteristics of the country, I would like to state that they are the most important for identifying the level of health care in the community. Partnerships for health help create the basis for the countries which remain on the low level of political and economical development. Looking at the health care in the African countries and other countries of the so-called ‘third world’, it becomes understandable that these countries are unable to help people without outside help. Disasters which happen too often in the modern world may be considered as one more reason to increase the partnerships for health in the world. Considering the latest events in Japan (with its tsunami and earthquake) and the USA (with the tornado) show that international organizations which may help at least with medicine are really important. Different opportunities the countries have can also be considered as the basis for partnership. Even the developed countries are unable to have everything necessary as the technologies are changing and it is difficult to follow everything. The possibilities the countries have may be exchanged, rented and offered for use. The help one country offers in to another country may be granted with the request offer of the services which are not available in that country. Research in healthcare is also the part of the partnership. There are a lot of cases when scientists and doctors from different countries worked on the specific vaccine or medicine. One country may have raw materials and resources, another one may dispose of qu
Introduction Researchers ground their investigations on reflection of what they perceive and know about the social environment they are in. Epistemology and ontology are some of the fundamental principles that govern how a researcher conducts his or her research. This is because what the researcher knows reveals the persons they are since they act based on their internal world. Depending on the epistemological and ontological influence on the researcher, he or she chooses either a qualitative or quantitative approaches. The qualitative approaches are ideal in educational research and the researcher’s knowledge and knowledge of others are inseparable to this approach. As a result, the phrase “the researcher you are is the person you are”, comes into light because in accordance with what the researcher knows, he identifies a gap and the most suitable methodology. Epistemological and Ontological Perspectives According to Johnson & Duberley (2000), epistemology is the knowledge of, or it is about knowledge. Thayer-Bacon (1996) quotes Kant’s idea that what one knows depends on the external and internal world. As a result, she postulates that it becomes impossible to know the actual truth since what an individual sees as “truth or knowledge” is inherently flawed by a person’s social constructions (Thayer-Bacon, 1996). This is because individuals are born in a certain times defined by certain events, and in certain places and cultures, and therefore, no one is a neutral being. This has been reinforced by David Hustler (cited in Somekh & Lewin, 2005, p. 18), who states that one cannot enter into a field with a blank mind. There is usually that knowledge and truth that he or she possesses and either wants to oppose or enhance it. I tend to agree with the above propositions. Each individual possesses a certain kind of knowledge that he or she obtains from the culture and society that he or she lives in, not to mention the experiences encountered. This applies to the statement that the researcher you are is the person you are since the knowledge and truth possessed from the surrounding will influence the researcher’s way of doing things. A researcher is the person she or he is because he or she tends to delve into fields that ring at the back of his or her mind, or those which he or she has some bit of knowledge about. However, I agree with Popper, who felt that it is hard to gain absolute truth or knowledge. When research is carried out at a certain time, the knowledge established cannot be regarded as the absolute truth since when the same research is conducted at the same place but at a
Data Collection Plan In my data collection plan, I will use data-gathering instruments like checklists, observation, surveys, and others. This plan also describes the data collection matrix which will describe my research questions and three data sources for the study. The plan will also seek to explore different data collection instruments in detail and explain how they will be used in data collection. It will also give in detail the anticipated data collection timeline. Data collection matrix Research Question                                                                    Data Source 1                                                                                                   Data Source 2                                                            Data Source 3                                                                                                                                           * Using letter construction aids to assist the child in identifying various alphabetical letters and vowels.    * Teachers lesson plans used in reading assignments                      * Referring to various researches that had been carried before How can a child develop pre-reading skills?                                            * Using various reading materials in the classroom to help children gain fluency in reading                     * Assessing students reading materials samples                           * Research field notes                                                                                                                                * Use of audiotapes in teaching students                                                                        * Resource materials like Gray Oral Reading Test-3                                                                                                                                                                             * Giving students reading assignments                                                                           * Child’s assignments at school and at home.                                                                                            How are the reading skills improved by the teacher, parents, and the child himself?    * Giving the child reading assignment to be assessed by their parents                                           * Parental recording and remarks on the reading fluency of the child.    * Past research materials                                                                                                                             * Assessing the number of materials that a child has read in a given period                                     * Teachers assessment records                                                                                                                                                                                                  * Child performance in-class work as related to reading fluency performance.                                    * Child reading assignment
Abstract The users (both internal and external) of financial information are always concerned about the future holding of the firm that what has occurred in the past because the past performance and occurrence are not capable to change the history. Here financial forecasting is a good technique and can be used for planning and budgeting purpose. The forecast offers to the user, to predict or expect an output based on historical performance, data, and facts. Role of financial forecasting The success of a firm depends much upon the forecasting function. Especially public limited companies make their budget and plan based on prediction and budgeted expectations. However, here are some roles which forecasting plays:  1. A financial forecast says or identifies how much finance (both internal and external) and assets are needed.  2. By the financial process and organization can set up its goals and estimate cost.  3. A financial forecast helps the firm to find a way how to meet the different needs.  4. It points to the interaction among the different elements in the organization.  5. Financial forecast helps the company to decide on which finance option will be favorable and which will not.  6. Financial forecasting also helps the company to avoid unexpected situations or surprises because it incorporates interest rate and inflation/deflation rate. Forecasting mainly answers the question of five “WH” questions; these are:   * How many profits will the firm make   * What is the demand level of the product or service   * How much per unit cost for the product and services   * How much many the company need and how much to borrow   * How long the borrowed firm can be used and when it will be repaid Importance of forecasting in an organization Financial forecasting is now a vital fact for an organization. Bushman (12 April 2007) has mentioned several importance of forecasts, these are:   * Financial forecasting enables management to change operations at a right time to reap the greatest benefit.   * It says the company what inventories are needed to reach their business targets.   * It is important when a firm goes for launching new products or services.   * Forecasting saves time and money