ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Suitability of push and pull management philosophies in relation to the case study and the boundaries between different stages of its supply chain Several approaches are always made for the purposes of ensuring perfect mobilization of resources towards achievement of certain goals. The approaches may vary in details but at the end of it all share common ground of improving businesses like Sandwich Company. Push management could be designed to position resources at suitable places where there is anticipated need. The model results into equipped line of services based on standardized processes which could assist in delivering resources and products to right venues at anticipated times. The technology employed should specify activities that need to be administered together with the resources in order to meet anticipated demands. The push models tend to work with people passively, where the decisions affecting consumers could only be solved through central decision making (Hagel and Brown, 2005). Focus on pull management assists in the creation of foundation where people are helped in the processes of appropriate mobilization of right resources. The pull models are created as a result of increasing uncertainty within companies like the Sandwich Company. They help in improving the level of creativity applied by local participants who seeks satisfaction of immediate needs. The pull models help employees within the company to come together with innovative ideas which would help in solving the rising demand of sandwich products, this may include resources such as installation of refrigerators for the sake of perishable products. Pull models seeks no dictate on the nature of tools and resources required to accomplish tasks and address arising opportunities like supplying goods to the supermarket. Pull models tend to treat consumers as creative entities that could be used to solve problems and create opportunities. It is applied to reinforce capability building by all consumers and employees hence assisting them towards innovation that could help them solve their needs (Hagel and Brown, 2005). With the maturity of supply chain within Sandwich Company, the demand chain is as well gaining importance and requires the organization’s appropriate responses. Sandwich products alongside services that goes with production, needs to be appealing to the consumers as well as the company’s stakeholders. The pull model could be rightfully applied in this area so as to ensure that both customers and the firm are placed into consideration for viable outcome in production. The firm need not only to focus on the drivers within the demand change but also on their efficient management. This is what leads to the firms’ ultimate value chain (Hagel and Brown, 2005). The efficiency of the supply chain within Sandwich Company cannot be realised until the level of demand for the products is understood. First of all the demand chain objectives requires address in line with the co
Introduction Learning can be defined as the long life process of converting information and experience into behaviors, attitudes and skills. Though, in most cases people go through classes to learn, the process of learning does not necessarily depend on classes. One acquires knowledge as he or she continues with the normal life. Learning occurs consciously and unconsciously. A person may learn something by getting involved in certain activity for along time without him or her knowing that he or she is gaining some experience from that activity. This paper is aimed at discussing the learning stages and surface and deep approaches to learning as some of the learning concepts and how they are applied (Atherton 2009, para. 3). Deep and surface learning approaches Deep and surface approach of learning is a common term used by academicians. Most education research institutes have conducted research to determine whether students use deep or surface approach in conducting their studies (Barrow & Woods 1988, p. 25).These are powerful learning approaches that need to be applied in daily teaching. Deep learning entails; critically analyzing new ideas and looking for their relationships with the already known principles. This results in learners being able to understand and retain the learnt concept. It helps the learners to use these concepts in solving unfamiliar problems (Belenky et al. 1986, p. 75). The approach helps in developing skills among the learners which can be applied in solving life problems. On the other hand, surface learning refers to the general acceptance of information and retaining it in its natural form without having to look into the deep meaning of it or other related information (Biggs 1999, p. 10). This method helps in retention of information required for examination and is mostly used by students. There is no long-term retention of information and learners poorly understand the information (Blythe & associates 1998, p. 23). It is believed that assessment methods play a vital role in determining the learning approach to be adopted by a learner (Bowden 1990, p. 14). The tendency of using unstructured questions when assessing students leads to most of them adapting surface learning (Bradford 2009, para. 4). This is because learners are generally interested in giving what examiner has asked in fear of failing (Case 2008, para. 3). Study has suggested that, by teachers trying to insist that what they ask for requires deep learning, learners result to trying to use surface learning to come up with features portrayed in deep learning (Dahlgren 1975, p. 89). While deep learning is experienced as fascinating and satisfying learning challenges, surface learning is experienced as a struggle and leads to boredom and st
In the current society the position of religion has been a contentious issue. With the past years, societies that gained stability were strengthened by the only religion at that time. Within the sole religion, competing factions have been observed. Divisions were also observed within different sects being based on religious grounds. On the other hand the Christians termed it as interdenominational. These conflicts at times are often based on political grounds. Due to the genesis and beliefs related with religion, the effects on society are not nearly related to the initial intentions (Howe para.3). Religion can be described as a belief on the things that take place beyond the human understanding Religion acts as a tool that brings spiritual fulfillment to the human beings. Religion is associated with some kind of discipline. This discipline can be in physical form. Also, discipline can be mental or psychological depending the approach used. These disciplines are manifested as religious rituals or habits among the human beings. Religion adds strength to the emotions and the logic of human beings. In every society even those who don’t believe on the existence of God, a tradition of religious concept has been known. Religion plays a very vital role in identifying members of a certain group. For those who do not actively participate but are related with members of a particular sect, get their identity from others as having the culture of that particular sect. Discipline of a religion, aids one to get a sense of well-being (Howe para.4). Religion has different effects in the society. It has been set to enhance achievement of common good. Also, religion encourages members to change for better in the society. A bridge is created for individuals to make accounts for the things which are beyond the human understanding. Also, religions create a safety valve for people to relief their guilt by creating a framework that acts as a code of behavior. Commandments and sin are used to enhance the above mentioned. Believers are encouraged to take into consideration individuals who are below their standard morally. (Howe, para.2). Religions can also marginalizing people in the society into ‘us’ and ‘them’. This can also be considered as discrimination as in the case of racism where people are grouped according to their race. The category of ‘us’ is considered as holy while ‘them’ are taken as the unholy. In case a problem arises between communities the unbelievers don’t bare the blame. The easiest thing is becoming self-righteous and directing the blame to those we term as inferior. Such kind of a feeling is not a key intention of religious leaders but in contrast they bring strength in an environment where fear is predominant and understanding does not prevail. In case of disputes among factions of society, religion is incorporated to bring su
Overview It is known that the process of globalization has been going on for a very long time. In modern history, it has been powered significantly by industrialization and development of technology that, in turn, facilitate economic and trade relationships between the cultures of the globe. Today, the advancements in technology and communication lead to a variety of factors pushing different nations and cultures of the world together and facilitating their interaction, integration, and assimilation to one another’s ways and lifestyles. However, living in a highly diverse and fragmented society, the contemporary people are to be well-educated and informed about the basic principles of coexistence, one of which is mutual respect and recognition of various social groups and communities. As a result, the need for knowledge and information these days is more significant than ever in human history; and it is particularly important for the regions of the world where many cultures come together and have to interact on a daily basis (the United States, the European Union, among other areas and states). A virtual field trip to several museums of ethnic history is a great educational opportunity to help the visitors learn about different cultures and their backgrounds for the purpose of promoting respect and raise awareness about the problems faced by these groups in the past and the present. In my virtual field trip, I visited three museums dedicated to the exploration and preservation of the cultural backgrounds of American Indian, African American, and Latino communities; the fourth museum was the United States Holocaust Memorial and told the stories of the First and the Second World Wars. I found the field trip extremely useful and important for myself as a reminder of different historical and cultural paths that various groups belonging to the same nation tend to go through. As it was noticed by Koppelman and Goodhart (2016), for a very long time in the American history, the dominant perspective of history, development, society, and culture used to be that of the white settlers of Anglo-Saxon background, whose primary intention as colonizers was to re-create their original motherlands in the newly conquered lands and establish their orders despite the preferences and views of the cultures who had already been living there or the ones brought in as slave laborers. Recognition based on education is one of the cornerstones of the coexistence of diverse cultural groups in a society without discriminating against one another’s worldviews, lifestyles, and beliefs, but using diversity as a path towards cultural enrichment. I must admit, prior to my virtual field trip, I knew very little details about the historical backgrounds of Native American, African-American, and Latino communities living in the USA. Some of the most overwhelming and touching pieces of knowledge for me were that of t
The American literature of the post-war period can be characterized by the authors’ concentrating on the depiction of the peculiarities of the usual Americans’ lives with references to their social position and the role of politics in their everyday activities. In his short stories, John Cheever often focuses on representing the life of the Americans who live their ordinary lives in the suburbs. How do these people find themselves in the rapidly changing world? What aspects make the basics of their everyday life? At first sight, many American authors concentrated on describing these elements in their works. However, John Cheever’s short stories which were written in the 1950s are rather unique in their extreme satirical tone presented by the author in order to accentuate the people’s intentions to preserve their comfortable life and good public appearance. Thus, “The Wrysons” is the most vivid example of John Cheever’s representation of his vision of the public’s attitude to their good appearance or even oddness with the help of the satirical characterization. The main characters of John Cheever’s “The Wrysons” are Irene and Donald Wryson who have the daughter Dolly. The author emphasizes the main idea of his short story which is the fear of changes in the first lines of his work with the help of concentrating on the description of the peculiarities of the main characters, the Wrysons’ family. Thus, “the Wrysons wanted things in the suburb of Shady Hill to remain exactly as they were. Their dread of change – of irregularity of any sort – was acute” (Cheever 319). The reader has the opportunity to pay attention to the author’s strict tone in portraying the characters from these first sentences, and this tone becomes more and more satirical with every next word. Moreover, it is possible to speak about the author’s usage of the satirical tone as the main device to present the necessary characterization in the text (Dyer). John Cheever’s word choice and the structure of sentences also address his task to represent the images of the Wrysons quite critically and to evoke the readers’ definite feelings with the help of the open satire. Cheever is satirical in his representing the personal images of the characters with focusing on their appearance and providing the readers with the opportunity to understand that Irene was unpleasant, however, she “was not a totally unattractive woman”, and people did not like Donald because he “had a laugh like a jackass” (Cheever 320). Thus, the author focuses on the details and states that, “the Wrysons’ taste in painting stopped at marine sunsets and bowls of flowers” and then he generalizes that “the Wrysons were stiff; they were inflexible” and even “they were odd, of course” (Cheever 320). The “oddness” of the Wrysons is the main topic of the story. Both spouses have different odd ideas, dreams, and occupations which they
Based in Dubai, the government owned Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment (MBRHE) is a primary industry player in housing development and general financial services (“Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment 2012” par. 2). Despite having been in operation for more than a decade and is very successful in the market, the company has not qualified for ISO Certification due various reasons. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review these reasons and provide alternative solutions that will put the company on a road map towards ISO Certification. MBRHE is facing serious challenges in balancing transaction documentation and general accounting. This means its auditing department is not at par with the large financial books which should be properly aligned to the capital structure. The reason behind it is probably the lack of evidence-based and properly established transaction plan which determines cost balancing and prioritization of transactions for its services. There is a lot that needs to be done to improve management and authenticity of the audit department in order to improve on transaction documentation and accountability. Reflectively, the company lost almost 6% of its total revenues on fraud. The challenge at present is being able to develop timely and proper transaction documentation and forensic financial auditing strategy since the quality of financial reporting depends on the availability of better financial monitoring measures (Helfert, 33). In addition, the stakeholders don’t comprehensively understand the factors affecting their business relationship with the company since the reporting model is weak. In fact, there are several lapses in authenticity of payment process, especially the bureaucracy involved. In MBRHE, the information flow department has been experiencing serious challenges in disseminating information and controlling the flow of the same. This is a sign of dire weakness in the firm. The human resource management systems in the organization seem to be dangerously out-of-date and reluctant in transforming the communication breakdown into an efficient, reliable, and relevant communication channel. Opting for a quick fix to this problem would only provide a bandage solution and cover up series inconsistencies that are responsible for massive loss of resources such as time, labour, and technology in information dissemination across the company departments. The employee turnover has grown to extreme levels in the company. The rates are high that it is almost reaching the double mark as compared to other firms offering the same services. The statistics reveal that as a result, the human resource sector loses a lot of time in managing this data base since the information and communication channels between departments operate below standard level. In order to reverse the worrying trends indicated above, several recommendations are feasible when integrated at macro and micro levels of management of the firm. To begin with
Introduction U2, the Irish Rock Band, has been under the guidance of the songster called Bono since 1980s. During most nationalized prayers particularly the February 2006 Washington, DC state mealtime payers, Bono offered a crucial speech concerning religious issues. The affair was planned by the evangelical Christian charity and was attended by various world leaders, congress members, George Bush, and over three thousand people across the world. Before this crowd, Bono admitted that there could be something inappropriate or something deviant a propos the rock stars going to the podiums and starting to preach at the world leaders. According to Bono sermon virtues, instead of preaching to the presidents, the rock stars should give aid to the poor Africans and the sick. With reference to the universal higher bylaws, Bono on behalf of U2 implored global elected officials to go past religion since it usually obstructs God’s ways. In fact, politicians are requested by Bono to hold the grace period that instigated with the Jubilee year, which is the new millennium. The speeches offered by Bono during most mealtime prayers have made fanatics as well as the popular press associates to label Bono as the Messiah of Roll and Rock. Whereas since 1980s this songster has been infusing opinionated and theological teachings in the U2 lyrics, Bono transformed songs discourses into persistent political actions (Lofton, 2006). In fact, Bono united with Pope Paul John 2 together with others in the waive debt drive. The songster invoked the Jubilee period as noted in the customs of Leviticus when most arrears were waived devoid of penalties. Songster, as a manager of DATA, spiritual and U2 pop group organizer has habitually been rising to the arena to sermonize to elected official and states heads. The procedures and promotion schemes used by the songster are akin to those utilized by the present-day American renaissance evangelists that scholars idealized. Similar to Billy and Moody, who are the United States of America evangelical complements, the songster travelled the universe to urge the developed nations to waive the arrears poor nations owe them. Bono via advocating for the Africans debt waiving fuses the revival strands and the American roll and rock in the politics of religion. The backing of the inclusive politics by the songster serves as an image of what various sociological practitioners dubbed the internationalization of dogmas. However, to take part in the modern world politics, Casanova claims that social artists should accept the modernity commands that accrue from the desire. This is particularly factual for the religious conviction according to Casanova. In fact, Bono asserts that, just the religions that have included as their personal enlightenment religion critique, the central aspects affecting poor nations stand a chance of playing the optimistic responsibilities in advancing the realistic rationalization progression (Lealand, 1994). Bono and the U2 Irish Band act as religious brokers and the negation techniques used to advocate for the African debt waiving materialize to be religious. The data foun
Introduction Criminal justice procedure ensures that the rights of suspected criminals are not violated against. Different rules and regulations have been formulated in different jurisdictions to regulate the process of arresting and convicting criminals. It is therefore the duty of law enforcers to ensure that they conduct this process accordingly to promote human rights. Treatment of Eye Witness Evidence Eyewitness evidence, though technically reliable, often lead to a considerable number of wrongful convictions especially in America. It is therefore important for the law enforcers to adhere to the right procedure when obtaining the evidence from the eye witnesses (Anonymous, N. d). When interviewing the witnesses, law enforcers should ask open ended questions to widen the scope in which the witness can tell the story from his own point of view and in his own words and should refrain from asking suggestive questions that may prompt the witness to distort information (Anonymous, N. d). Investigators should also aim at building rapport with the witnesses as this will encourage the witness to give greater amounts of accurate information (Anonymous, N.d). In cases where the witness is required to identify suspects, the investigator should compile the mug book with great objectivity and ensure it contains every required detail that will make it easier for the witness to identify the suspect (Anonymous, N.d). The methods applied in identification of suspects by witnesses especially on line up can adversely determine reliability, fairness, and objectivity of the process and therefore should be handled carefully and investigators should strictly warn the witnesses against providing false information that often leads to wrongful convictions. The Right to Counsel Assistance Criminal procedure is characterized by complexities. Consequently, the law identifies various levels of investigation and adjudication in which the accused can seek assistance of a counsel (Bacigal, 2008). The sixth amendment of the United States constitution creates the provision for right to hire defense counsel by the accused since it is a fundamental right within the meaning of the fourteenth amendment’s due process clause (Bacigal, 2008). Violation of this right often results in the reversal of the conviction. However, the right to hire counsel is limited to those with adequate assets to pay the expenses to the service. If the accused lacks the finances to hire or retain a counsel, he is declared indigent and he may be provided with counsel by the government which then becomes a civil liability (Bacigal, 2008). The right to counsel representation attaches at the start of adversary judicial proceedings (Bacigal, 2008). At this point, the government has adequate basis to prosecute the defendant therefore exposing the defendant to constant confrontations with the prosecution. The right to counsel is applicable in cases where the accused is facing criminal charges and is facing possible sentence of incarceration (Bacigal, 2008). This is applicable in both felonies and