ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays marketers play a significant role in the development of people society, since these are marketers who “search for unmet needs, encourage the development of products and services addressing these needs”, and due to their efforts we now have so comfortable, helpful, beautiful and delicious goods (Kotler, 2004, p.35). But sometimes people in their chase for comfort or pleasure want things that can be extremely harmful for others and even themselves, so here a dilemma for marketers emerges: should they or they should not develop and promote goods, which can constitute a threat for consumers or the society on the whole. To my mind, it is highly important to make goods work for people, but not make harm to them. It is clear that the major aim of the companies is gaining profit and one of the main ways to reach this goal is to satisfy consumers’ needs, and at present even to foresee these needs and provide consumers with what they want even before they want it (Gorchels, 2006, p. 5). But, I believe, that successful firms can and should choose among customers’ need and develop only those goods and services which are really needed for society development and can never be harmful. And big companies already understand that and try to develop new safe goods. For instance, PepsiCo has made a decision “to shift its flagship brand to Diet Pepsi, rather than regular Pepsi” (Gorchels, 2006, p.17). This became a result of growing problem of obesity and “aging Baby Boomers” which “have impacted sales” (Gorchels, 2006, p.17). Of course, this only reduces negative impact of Pepsi, and makes it a bit healthier, but it is not enough. In my opinion, they should continue researching to find the way to maintain the taste, for this is what consumers like, and replace the harmful ingredients with healthy ones or, ideally, with useful ingredients which will contribute into human body development. Moreover, our technology can make all this come true. But more immediate results can bring the method of “increasing “sin” taxes” (Kotler, 2004, p.33). And this can be very effective, since, first of all, people will have to pay more for their doubtful pleasure, so they will think more whether they need to harm their health (and social programs make people aware of all that harm) and pay even more, and, finally they can come to a conclusion to get involved into sports and healthy hobbies. The second outcome of this method is that the government gets more money that can be used for social programs to prevent people from using such harmful goods, or for development of medicine and promotion of healthy way of life. But I’d like to add that, though Kotler mentions charity donations of big companies, for example McDonalds, (2004, p. 32), it is obvious that it is not the way out. It is impossible and really cynic to believe that such big company’s mischief will vanish after its giving some money to a hos
Introduction The following paper is a discussion about the early development of Wahhabism and the relation of the movement to the Al Saud family from the period 1740 to 1840. It starts with the discussion of the formation of Ad Diriyah, where Saud Ibn Muhammad used to live. The paper also discusses the relationship between Al Saud and Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab who was a Mulsim researcher and a preachers due to whose believings the Wahhabi act took place. In addition, the Wahabi beliefs have also been stated. This topic is worth writing about because Wahhabism plays a vital role in the religion section, just like Muslim Sunnis and Shias. Background Close to the capital of Riyadh, in the middle of Najd, Ad Saud was formed in Ad Diriyah. Saud Ibn Muhammad’s captured some orchards of dates which, at that time, was one of the few types of agriculture that were taking place in the community. After quite some time, the community developed into a city, and the tribes which were living over there became well-recognized leaders of Al Saud (Natana, 1800, p.54). Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab was a Mulsim researcher and a preachers due to whose believings the Wahhabi act took place. Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1792) was closely related to the formation and expansion of the Al Saud family. Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab spent his childhood near a sanctuary near southern Najid, famously known as Uyaynah. Over there, he lived with his grandfather and was taught the Hanbali Islamic law. While he was growing up, he decided to leave the country for his further education. He wanted to educate himself through different teachers and in a different places. He completed his education in Medina, left for Iraq, and they entered Iran (Corancez, 1800, pp.213-215). Discussion In order to understand the meaning of Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab’s ideas, special attention needs to be given in regard to the background of Islamic practice. Many differences were found between the ceremonies of Muslims established by the religious content and the ones that were being practised. (Corancez, 1800, pp. 213-215). Examples of self-created practices are Shia’s visiting their shrines and praying over there. Imam’s have always been thought to have a high place in the Shia sector. (Natana, 1800, 54)Shia’s believe that even after an Imam is dead, his soul is living in this world. Even after the Imams died, Shia’s visited their graves, asking for favours from God through the Imams. Because this ritual was religiously practised, it became a part of the Shia religion. (Holden, 1782, 8-10) A few of the clans, belonging to the Arabs, came to acknowledge the same type of authority which the Shia’s believed bestowed in the tombs of a dead Imam. This power was given to natural objects, for example, rocks and trees, through the Imam. Muhammad Abn Ibd Wa
The formation of organizational culture is a multi-step process that requires the joint work of staff members, units, and leadership. Building a positive organizational culture proceeds in several consecutive stages; however, the duration and content of each stage is different for each enterprise. As for IKEA, the most essential part of the corporate culture comes from the identity of the founder, Ingvar Kamprad. He has clearly defined the company’s mission and values, which have become the core postulates for all IKEA employees. Moreover, the company has always sought to bring these values—which include modesty, simplicity, and control over costs—to its consumers. Thus, every worker is a carrier of the propagated IKEA culture, which in turn forms the basis for the success of the organization as a whole. Input Components One key fact about IKEA is that it is an enterprise that was developed into a large-scale company from a small business. At present, it is a firm with a robust vision and a strong value proposition. Notably, the company aims to deliver essential home goods and commodities at reasonable prices while offering high levels of quality and reliability to its customers. The Congruence Model is an approach that can be applied to evaluate and analyze both the technical and social strengths that contribute to and have an impact on company performance. The three input components that could be employed by the enterprise include its environment, its resources, and its organizational history. An understanding of these three constituents will display the essential core of the organization. Apart from the organization itself, this tool enables a review of the unit and individual efficiency as well. In terms of the first component, which is the environment, it is essential to consider it from both outside and within the enterprise. The outside setting includes the company’s market and population, its rivalry within the industry, technological advancements, and changes in the environment. The second subcategory, within the enterprise, includes the policies that the organization employs and applies as well as coworker treatment. The resources category is mainly concerned with tangible and intangible resources. More specifically, increased sales, earnings and income, market share, and an awareness of consumer needs make up the tangible resources group, while client perceptions, a charitable organizational culture, and employee loyalty and fidelity are the key intangible resources. Regarding IKEA’s history, the company emerged in 1943 as a small firm that was run in a village to meet the needs of its own population. Further, the company is based in Sweden and has particular company colors that are instantly recognizable by its customers. Importantly, the first product range was made and published in a catalog in 1951, and a few years later, the company started delivering its own furniture. In 1985, the enterprise made it to the American market; a few decades later, the number o
Every organization has a primary duty of maintaining competiveness. Towards realizing the goal, each organization devises an information system strategy that specifies the path to be used in acquiring, deploying and supporting its Information System (IS). Primarily, the strategy aims at balancing business needs existing information, emerging opportunities and competing efficiently within the global digital economy using collaborative and partnership approaches. The necessity for an information system strategy depends upon the size and nature of business. Larger businesses source for more information content and as such, the product value chain is greater which needs a wider enterprise information systems strategy (Porter 1998). As the paper proceeds, it becomes evident that developments in information technology have narrowed the requirements of organizations based on size or nature of organizations. The Five Forces Model advanced by Michael Porter is significant in analyzing market forces and competition. This view holds as the traditional competition matrix, the Virtual Value Chain and the Value Chain models support the model. However, the progress in information technology has led to a paradigm shift in economics. As it emerges, the validity of Porter’s Five Forces in the Digital Age is questionable. In order to get a clear picture regarding this assertion, it is important to understand the five forces in relation to organizational aspects of businesses. Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s Five Forces Model is an important framework that offers an analytical platform that is useful in gauging competition and thus is useful in the adoption of business strategies. The model focuses on five distinct forces which when viewed collectively influence profitability and competition in the long-term. The notion that Porter’s model has held much influence than any other model in the latter half of the 20 th century remains debatable. Although all the five forces as advanced by Porter are relevant, the weight of each force differs based on the industry under review. However, as indicated earlier, viewed together, the five forces determine profitability within industries in the long-term. This follows from the idea that the weight of each force holds a separate function within the industry structure. Together, the forcers influence competitiveness, investment choices, product prices, market share, profit margins, etc. In order to understand the relevance of the model, it is important to comprehend the dynamics that characterize the five forces. It is held that Porter’s model revolves around the conception of power within associations of the five forces. The first force under review is the “industry competitors”. It is guaranteed that rivalries always develop among companies as they compete for market control (Porter 1998). Companies employ various approaches towards achieving this goal although the results vary. Methods used include advertising, introduction of new products, offering warranties, extending customer services, lowering of prices, etc. All these me
Introduction Dubai Taxi Corporation was founded on 1995 with 81 Taxi vehicles &180 drivers and 70 employees from different nationalities& it has been grown to reach 3504 Taxi vehicles, 8000 drivers and 390 employees in 2011. DTC is wholly owned by the government of Dubai and it is directly supervised by Roads & Transport Authority Board. The vision of DTC is “safe and smooth transport for all” while its mission is “managing a modern fleet of taxis in accordance with the highest international standards. The firm is also committed at ensurig provision of a variety of distinguished services that meet all community needs and expectations”(Dubai Taxi Corporation, 2010, para. 6). Additionally, the firm is also concerend with providing fast, efficent and friendly transportation services. The core objective is to become the market leader within the United Arabs Emirates taxis industry. DTC consists of 3 departments headed by directors; please refer to (Appendix 1:Organization Chart). In its operation, DTC has gained a worldwide recognition. This has playe a critical role in the firm’s financial success. As an employee of the company, I work with the firm’s Resources & Support Department as a Contract & Procurement Manager. Approximately 18 employees report directly to me. The following is an outline of my main roles. However, my roles as the contracting and procurement manager are not limited to these.   * Responsible for buying and approving acquisition of goods and services needed by the corporate.   * Seeking reliable vendors and suppliers to provide goods reqiured by the departments with reasonable price and good quality.   * Negotiating prices and contracts.   * Reviewing technical specifications for raw materials,components, equipments and other issues with concerned parties.   * Interprets procurement process for vendors; investigates and resolves vendor complaints.   * Implements best-value and best-practice procurement strategies to improve operational performance. This paper is aimed at identifying and analyzing the problem that DTC is facing in its operation
Teenagers of the 21st century live a life on a fast lane that nobody in generations before them has ever experienced. The rapid development of technology as it affects their lives have caused them to become more irresponsible and daring in their daily lives. Having grown up in a world heavily influenced by virtual reality video games, they seem to see driving as nothing but a real-life game set in flesh and blood. Since a teenager is not yet an adult but no longer a child, his brain development cannot be fully considered to be reliable just as yet. They have yet to understand that there is no reset button once a driving mistake is made in real life. Teenagers tend to emulate the bad driving habits that they see around them, which is seemingly approved in real life through the way movies portray dangerous driving activities like drifting, drag racing, street racing. In reality, driving takes professional skill and countless hours of responsible driving before one can actually develop proper driving habits and skills that can save a life when something goes wrong. The eventual result of these drivings habits is death or decapitation of a body part. According to a survey undertaken by AAA and Seventeen magazine, which was published by USA Today in July of 2007, approximately 20% of drivers aged 16-17 ended up in fatal accidents from July – August. Seventeen magazine editor Anne Shoket explains this result as the effects of summer vacation: School is out, and teens aren’t just driving from school to home to work… There are road trips, parties, more social activities. Their parents might loosen upon where and when they can drive for the summer because they just want to get the teens out of their hair for some time. Consider the following dangerous activities a teenager has while driving. The same article indicated that 58 % drive with more than the car passenger capacity inside, 50 – 51 % text message or make calls while driving, and 11 % get behind the wheel either drunk or after having heavily used drugs. The results of such actions on the part of the parents are usually devastating for both the parent and the child. Aside from the ruined vehicle, the parents are usually saddled with higher insurance premiums as a result of these accidental collisions. In the event of injury or death, the mental and emotional anguish that parents must deal with at the loss of a child’s physical abilities or, even worse, the loss of the child’s life cannot be accurately measured. Parents have the ability to prevent such events. They have to acknowledge that they are the childhood role model for the kids and this includes being the indirect driving teacher of the child. It’s a case of “monkey see monkey do,” actually. Therefore, parents must seriously discuss the results of irresponsible driving with the teen, come up with a set of driving rules that must be followed at all times, and if necessary, sign a parent-teen driver agreement contract before allowing the use of the car. Whenever necessary, cancel car use privileges. Being the responsible person in the situation, it is up to the parent to preempt any possible dangerous activities their children may try to
Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation is a large Japanese automaker that has global market coverage. Kiichiro Toyoda started this firm in 1937, as an engine-manufacturing firm. During those years, this firm traded as an automobile company. The firm received a massive growth and extended its line of products to include various types of cars. The firm was able to grow rapidly because of the enabling environment in Japan. This firm entered the automobile market in 1930s. The management had seen some of the benefits of operating in the automobile industry. Technology was becoming relevant and this firm realized that there were many opportunities in the industry. The management believed that the firm was able to realize its objectives, given the kind of labor it had and the resources. The company is a known multinational corporation, with branches all over the world. It was convinced that it could use its financial muscle to outmuscle other firms operating in the same industry. The management was determined to ensure mass production, which would minimize the effect would arise due to any external factors that could have affected any of the industries. This firm embraced Total Quality Management as a management tool to ensure that there would be constant customer satisfaction. Since then, this firm has received a consistent growth in various sectors (Liker, 2004). The firm has been in competition with major automobile firms around the world, especially the General Motors and Ford. The management of the firm has been keen on acquiring markets globally. One of the key success factors that have helped this firm in its growth is communication strategy it has employed, especially in crisis communication management. This research paper focuses on the communication strategy that Toyota Company uses in managing crisis communication. The Crisis Toyota Motors Faced Crisis management is one of the most challenging tasks in any organization. Most organizations would always make an effort to ensure that a crisis is avoided. Travis (2007) defines a crisis as an event or a situation that may lead to dangerous or unstable situations, which may affect an individual, organization or the entire society. In every organization, a crisis would probably crop up and the management team would be called upon to come up with mitigation measures. As Martins (2008) observes, a crisis cannot be avoided, yet it can be predicted. The management cannot say for sure that the firm has eliminated all forms of crises because a simple insensible action from one of the employees may lead to a crisis, which would affect the entire firm. When such an incident arises, there would be need to ensure that measures, which would help mitigate the crisis, are developed so that the effect of such a crisis is made less devastating. Toyota Motors faced a crisis when their cars had to be recalled due to their faulty brakes. It was reported that one of their cars (Lexus), had accelerated beyond control and crashed killing a family of four people in the United States. The c
Introduction The Makonde people of southern Tanzania produce a piece of artwork that is called the “Tree of Life” or Ujamaa. The wood carving depicts the members of an extended family, both past and present generations, that seem to be supporting each other around the family ancestor, emphasising the importance of both unity and continuity. African society, even when a member of the family has died, still play an important role in family life and are recognised through rituals. Africans believe that dead or lost loved ones watch over them and participate in their everyday lives. Death, for many cultures, serves as a new beginning, where reincarnation starts, where heaven or life after death is finally attained or experience. In many kinds of literature and folklore, Africans believe that their dead ancestors look after the living. This has been maintained in their rituals, even as some form of the diaspora has led them to many parts of the world, enmeshed in other beliefs and cultures, as well as embracing and integrating the European’s Christianity with their own ancestral or even voodoo beliefs during the occupation, and even oppression. This paper shall try to point out what African-Americans or creoles of Haiti descent through the books Krik? Krak? by Edwidge Danticat, Praise Song for the Widow by Paule Marshall, and Masters of the Dew by Jaques Roumaine try to represent death, its connection with the continuity of life, or even afterlife. Discussion While at some direct point, Krik? Krak? It seems to be old stories about the Western migration: of impoverished peasants to fearful fugitive to cautious immigrant, and finally, as the end of a torturous marathon race and assimilation, it is also about the unimaginable pain and death. And in between all these, along the way, the stories about man’s inhumanity to man but more importantly, man’s inhumanity to women make us question whether or not the escape from oppression was worth the inhumanity (Edelman, 1995). These are nine interconnected tales that tell of the inhabitants of the Haitian town Ville Rose across several generations, from the woman imprisoned and starved during a witch hunt in “Nineteen Thirty-Seven”, “Women Like Us”, “A Wall of Fire Rising,” about an impoverished couple trying to raise their child without filling him with the despair and hopelessness that has infused their own lives, to the young man scribbling his plight on scraps of paper in a refugee boat in “Children of the Sea” to the Brooklyn-raised daughters that suffer their mother’s intolerable Old World superstitions in “Caroline’s Wedding.” Through memory and retelling of old stories of struggle and death, the H