ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Venture Starting a new business can be rather a challenging task. One has to understand a variety of concepts and the way they are connected with each other. The entrepreneurial activity requires profound theoretical knowledge of the area of business. Nevertheless, a theory is not enough in professional activity. One’s personal traits, such as readiness to work and study hard, are significant as well. It is necessary to set exact goals and know how to accomplish them. Every entrepreneur should possess leadership abilities and skills. In the following paper, notions of enterprise awareness, entrepreneurial mindset, entrepreneurial capabilities, and entrepreneurial effectiveness will be evaluated from the perspective of the café shops industry. Defining Basic Concepts Before the examination of the café shops industry and entrepreneurship, it is necessary to be aware of the general meanings of basic notions. This understanding is compulsory for the ability to put it into some other context. The term “enterprise awareness” comes from the approach known as Disciplined Agile Delivery. This approach refers to the way an organization should organize the working process. Enterprise awareness is a central element of DAD. It presupposes the realization of the role a working team plays in the wider world. Besides, one of the aims of enterprise awareness is to unite various divisions of the same organization. Thus, teams and professionals should collaborate, define their goals, and understand that their achievement is a part of something larger (Higgins 2015). In such a way, enterprise awareness promotes the efficient work and accomplishment of shared goals. However, this meaning of enterprise awareness is taken from the Disciplined Agile Delivery. The other way of understanding this notion is directly connected to entrepreneurial effectiveness. According to Rae (2014, p. 44), ‘enterprise awareness is ‘what enterprise means to me’; that is, why and how it is relevant and useful in your life’. It is what one thinks of him or herself as an enterprising person. The other notion that should be examined is the entrepreneurial mindset. This concept refers to the personal traits of the entrepreneur. Thus, one should understand that being an entrepreneur is not simply about doing a particular business. Thousands of people have various businesses, but they are not entrepreneurs. Rae (2014) writes that an entrepreneurial mindset comprises of such constituents as social identity personality, motivations, goals, ambition, resilience and confidence, self-discipline, time-management, personal traits of character. Turner (2015) goes into details
Introduction Information management systems play a crucial role in ensuring that the organisation becomes efficient and effective, but companies need enterprise planning to centralise data collection, storage and data processing. Enterprise resource planning is a technology that deploys computer technology to integrate various organisational resources—such as human resources, assets, information resources –across the organisation (O’Leary, 2000).The intention of ERP systems is to streamline an organisation’s data access, information sharing, business continuity, and revamping the decision-making processes. When ERP systems were invented in the mid-1990s, organisations shifted their attention to embrace the capabilities of ERP components; and a decade later this technology still moves on strong (O’Leary, 2000). However, during their early days, ERP systems enjoyed acceptance from large manufacturers, a trend that has since shifted dramatically. Today, small businesses are able to deploy robust ERP systems in virtually every operational aspect. ERP systems have grown from mainframe computers to more flexible, robust, and seamless applications (O’Leary, 2000). In this paper, the benefits of ERP systems are discussed to help comprehend how companies can leverage ERP systems to strengthen their Information management systems. This focus is important owing to the fact that it relates to the learning outcomes learned in the chapter. Discussion and Learning Outcomes No organisation can achieve its medium and long-term goals without a realistic resource plan. To guarantee effective implementation and realisation of the results, the organisation must remain faithful to identifying change agents and supporting them to deliver on the objectives of the firm. Technology has brought various functions together to achieve a more flex
Introduction The article being reviewed is Negotiating Privacy Concerns and Social Capital Needs in a Social Media Environment by Elliso, Vitak, Steinfield, Gray, and Lampe (2011). It focuses on the concept of balancing privacy concerns that arise when personal information is shared on social media with the positive benefits of social capital such as exchange of information or social approval that requires sharing personal details. Social networks have revolutionized the context of virtual geographies, creating an online space that allows for personal connections, interactions, and formation of whole cultural trends and practices that transcend to the physical world, but are no longer bound by rules of other communicative properties to contribute to formation and maintenance of social ties. The primary argument is that individuals are able to use strategies such as friending behaviors, privacy settings, and managing disclosures to control the audiences which are able to see private information on one’s profile and being able to mitigate certain risks. Summary The intention of the authors for this article is to investigate a new research approach and theme to the overall sociological research on social networking sites. According to their discourse, early research has focused on the privacy pitfalls of social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook due to technical properties and suggested that users were inadvertently disclosing information that may lead to negative consequences. Despite these, further research suggested a number of social capital benefits that came as a benefit of social networking, and the motivations of use alongside pure statistics of users continued to grow. This article directly focuses on an area not addressed by scholarly research which is the relationship between privacy and social capital, since disclosure of information and lowering of privacy barriers are required to communicate with a wider network to build social capital, but the process can reveal personal information that the user may not want to be shared with a large audience. Social capital can only be formed with dynamic interactions, but alongside a number of technical privacy concerns, users must also consider their audiences and b
Introduction The aim of this paper is to reflect on the benefits of Database processes in business operations. Actually, database refers to data collection that is prepared and arranged in computer systems in order to choose quickly preferred items. The effective use of database is enhanced by the manner in which information is organized orderly in ascending documentation. Indeed, manual recording has been faced with many shortcomings, for example it is complicated process thus ineffective. This paper also examines how database packages can be applied in business processes. Surely, database systems are invented to enable businessmen to manage and restore information (data collection) in an ordered way. Importance of Database in Firms’ Business Operations Database process is beneficial to businessmen when it comes to processing, collecting and storing information (Solove, 2001). For example, business operation will be more effective when businessmen know their suppliers, competitors and consumers. According to Mukherjee & Duncan (2000), several business lack resources to process and collect huge amount of information. “This means that they do not have vital information on whether consumers buy goods repeatedly, how progress is their business and how profitable are they” (Mukherjee & Duncan, 2000). Such important information is beneficial in shaping business strategy and handling operational business challenges. Businessmen should gather much information from database which are beneficial in future operation of their businesses. Solove (2001) claimed: Database operation is important because it minimizes resources and time utilized in managing data; it enables businessmen a capability to evaluate data in many ways; it is an effective system of management of data;
Baseline Information James Q. Wilson and George Kelling in 1982 established that efforts targeted at controlling minor disorders could help reduce more serious crime. White James Emery (2001) established in their research over the past decades three key areas in the US which are Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles have embraced at least some tenet of the suppositions and theoretical positions of the research that established that the tolerance of minor disorders leads to the proliferation of more serious crimes and disorders. The broken windows theory addresses the first puzzle of the neighborhood-effects literature in a straightforward and provocative way: it is the variation in disorder in neighborhoods that explains the variation in crime, holding structural disadvantage constant. The real trigger is disorderliness itself. The theory was familiar to psychologists and sociologists because of its proximity to theories of urban decay and social contagion. Urban sociologists interpreted the broken windows hypothesis through the lens of urban decline: disorderliness, dilapidation, abandonment, and social disorder, such as prostitution, public intoxication, and drug use, reflected and reinforced, in a cyclical manner, declining property values, residential instability, and the gradual decay of the urban neighborhood. A closely related interpretation is suggested by Philip Cook and Kristin Goss’s review of the standard model of ‘social contagion’. Bratton started initiated a program of zero-tolerance in which the NYPD From this contagion perspective, the broken windows phenomenon reflects an information cascade: people with imperfect information about the risks and rewards of criminal activity may infer the net returns to crime from the social environment. Information limitations are at the heart of the information cascade model. Here, the potential criminals do not know the probability of being detected in a neighborhood, but the lack of enforcement of minor crime and disorder fills this void and signals low enforcement. The characteristics of the local physical environment, which are themselves the product of the accumulated series of behaviors of local residents, thus communicate the statistical likelihood of being apprehended. They are a signaling mechanism that feeds into the calculus of whether to commit a crime. “This “contagion” interpretation offers a straightforward explanation of broken windows familiar to most sociologists and economists” (Hier, 2007). As to the second puzzle concerning the public policy prescriptions. Wilson and Kelling’s original Broken Windows essay itself did not compel a particular policy outcome. From a policy perspective, the broken windows hypothesis is, in principle, consistent with a variety of potential policy levers, ranging from changes in policing to community organizing. Nevertheless,
Globalization involves an increased unanimity of the global economic activities through eradication of the common barriers such as tariffs, and import duties. Globalization may also involve an improved way of sharing ideas, languages or culture among nations. Any aspect or attribute that has managed to move and be shared among nations leads to globalization. The aspect of globalization has both negative and positive impacts to the nation. Globalization has changed various ways of doing things in Australia. For instance, through globalization most of people in Australia have improved their ways of travelling, their eating habits, and generally their living standards. The major part that has been affected by globalization in Australia is the economic sector. Australia has been able to enjoy a free and open markets, whereby the importers and the exporters are subjected to a less tax. Through globalization, Australia has realized a rapid growth of industrial competition hence increasing both the quality and the quantity of production, and the consumers are left to enjoy the lower prices for the goods they are consuming. Globalization has come with many changes in Australia and the whole world, changes such as even the impacts of terrorism. The Australia was found through the globalization of the 19 th century. The focus of this globalization was moving from Europe to other corners of the world as people used to describe it. The globalization of that period was very slow as things used to happen through the longest route, as there were no otherwise. In terms of communication, there were very slow means of conveying the intended messages. It was an era whereby the letters were used in various places to pass the messages. There were no quick means and hence a delayed response. In terms of transport, the means were also ineffective and people could take ages to reach their destinations. Economically, Australia
The titular bell jar In Sylvia Plath’s eponymous novel is symbolic of Esther’s condition because it serves as a metaphor for her depression. This symbolism is especially evident when the heroine reminiscences on her past experiences and reflects whether a “bell jar” would not descend upon her and distort her perception once again. The bell jar becomes a fitting symbol for depression because it is a barrier that, despite being fully transparent, is always there. Depression itself is a medical condition that does not manifest in evident physical symptoms, such as a rash or cough but is, nevertheless, completely real. Thus, the bell jar becomes a metaphor for a grave state of mind that oppresses and isolates Esther while staying mostly unnoticeable for those around her. Another reason why the belle jar is symbolic of the heroine’s condition is also related to its transparency. One of the functions of the bell jar is decorative: it is meant to shield the objects from dust and other external impacts while also preserving their visibility – in other words, to display things safely. Esther, just as if she were under a bell jar, lives through her depressive experiences while being on display. For instance, one of the earliest manifestations of her depression comes during a photo-shoot, when she proves unable to hold a smile and bursts into tears instead. Thus, Esther’s depression begins when the heroine is on display, and anyone can see her. The heroine remains visible for everyone but grows increasingly lonely and depressed as she cannot make a human connection – just as an object under a bell jar, which one can look upon, but not touch.
Introduction Educational scientists suggest that learning is the process that brings common cognitive emotional and environmental influences and experiences together. They suggest that the sole objective is to acquire enhance and make changes to ones knowledge skill values as well as worldviews. This stand has suffered the influence of the various learning and education methods that have been suggested to make learning a reality. They have all however been skewed towards an agreed criteria that has often failed to ensure that learning takes place. Literature review Essentially the learning process concentrates on the happenings and undertakings of the learning exercise. In the hope of comprehensively embracing the process of education or learning there have been several learning theories that create a vivid explanation for the acquisition disposure and or alteration of knowledge (Smith 2000, pp 245). I shall interrogate the various steps taken in the learning process from the perspective of the various proposed styles of learning. I shall also provide a tentative analysis of the successes achievements difficulties and remedies that allow the learning process to continue. Statement of the problem There can be a thousand approaches to the learning process. The objective of each approach however should be to provide the relevant vocabulary and conceptual framework for the interpretation and exemplification of the learning objectives. The approach should suggest sources for solutions to the practical problems in learning if not provide them (Honey and Mumford 2006, p 47). The great contention has been to lean on the argument of most theorists that teachers should assess the learning styles of their students and make subsequent adjustments to fit each students specific learning needs. This is often termed the meshing hypothesis (Geary 2005, p 479). Objectives This report seeks to establish the following objectives   * evaluate the learning experience against agreed criteria   * Evidence to support your learning against the level 4 indicators   * Reflect on learning :successes, achievements, difficulties and coping mechanisms that will help to identify further development needs and plans Methodology The research employed a variety of secondary sources both internal and external. An interrogation of these references provides an adequate review of the ideal learning environment that represents the everyday situation out there. The research has also employed different theoretical premises form various educational scientists in constructing a stand. Data analysis Over the years, the empirical evidence that supports learning styles tests and theories has been greatly criticized. In as much as the learning children and adults will express their preferences it is quite impractical to develop an accurately tailored set of instruction that suit the various preferences of the learner. The various concluded attempts in well-designed studies reveal results that plainly go against the mesh hypothesis. Anthony gregorc an educational scientist makes an attempt at prescribing a learning approach that
In her article “Regional Variation in the Perception of Sociophonetic Variants of Spanish /s/”, Lauren Schmidt observes the categorization of weakened variants of Spanish syllable-finals and its effects on speech perception. The main finding of the study is cross-dialectical dissimilarity of aspirated sounds within a dialectical region where the phenomenon of weakening is present. This research result suggests a conclusion that an individual’s geographic, social, and linguistic experience affects the categories of /s/ weakening. A pivotal aspect of this research study is the deep analysis of response patterns in maintaining dialect groups. In the following paper, the given article will be summarized to provide a full account of its main highlights. Overall, in her paper “Regional Variation in the Perception of Sociophonetic Variants of Spanish /s/”, author Lauren Schmidt argues that socio-economic, gender, and geographic factors affect the /s/-weakening patterns and the level of perception between the representatives of varied dialects. The article under consideration begins with the description of research showing socio-linguistic and territorial implications on Spanish sibilant /s/ weakling in the final position of a word. The author states that the phenomenon the study is focused on occurs only in southern Spain, Central America, the Southern Cone, and the west of Southern America 1 . In addition, there is a tendency to use weakened /s/ between the representatives of male gender and low to middle class. Further, the researcher shifts to the evaluation of previous studies addressing similar research problems. Then, Schmidt explains the questions that current research study is investigating and the methodology. Finally, the main findings along with their evaluation are presented. The key idea of this study is that sibilant /s/-weakening is utilized by the Spanish speakers in the above-mentioned terrain intentionally. Particularly, by means of such speech way, they demonstrate they’re belonging to a particular linguistic region, socio-economic group, and gender category. It has been also noted that Spanish speakers who tend to maintain sibilant /s/ pronunciation, have difficulty understanding another group of Spanish speakers who weaken this sound. The difficulty that takes place is either the slowing of the process of speech comprehension or complete failure to understand an interlocutor. The result of communication depends on the listening strategies and mechanisms implemented by language users in different sociolinguistic regions. Another main idea of the article is that the weakening of the aspirated fricative [h] to similar legitimate forms of /s/ in the addressed gr
Introduction Disrespect is an action of being rude or discourteous to the authority or person in charge. It is an act that demeans people and causes them to appear as if they do not know what they are doing. Disrespect does not only work for vertical chain of authority but can also be among people of the same rank. Every organization has got code of conducts which ought to be followed of which if not taken keenly it is termed as disrespect. For example, going against the rule of law is a sign of disrespect and could get one into trouble either with the police or people in charge. The military is one place that requires respect but instead of disrespect. We cannot talk about disrespect without mentioning the essence of respect. The word respect is imperative in today’s setting. It is neither a privilege nor a right. Everybody demands respect of some kind. Respect varies in different degrees. The reason for this disparity could be due to the position a person holds in the family, organization, society, and nation or at global level. Respect should be earned. Disrespect in the Military The military is one place that has the highest form of code of conduct. The military has got mandatory rules that have to be followed once someone has sworn an oath to become a member. No military person is permitted to answer back a non commissioned officer. Issues like retaliating or questioning of judgment is not allowed. It is important that every person in the military adhere to the conducts whether in uniform or not. For instance, it could one bad repercussion when he or she shows lack of respect to an NCO when in uniform. Other forms of punishment would include, withdrawal of hard cash earning from the family, dishonorable or honorable separation from the military and travel limitations. Therefore, to prevent such occurrences a person in the army needs to keep the right code of conduct twenty four hours a day, seven days a week and three hundred and sixty five and a quarter days a year. For the military to achieve such high respect in the society, it takes them sacrifice and commitment. Disrespect in the military in the recent times has been caused by few leaders who compromised the codes of conduct in the past days. This has since been transferred to the junior employees too. Efficiency in the administration of the military can only be achieved through discipline. This applies both in military and life. In order have a high sense of professionalism, it is important to input the actions of discipline that guard other values such as respect, integrity, self commitment and loyalty in work. Respect in the Military involves ranks. In addition, it is likened to the proverbial saying that goes “Do unto others whatever you expect to be done for”. Respect will not only apply to the seniors but also to the subordinates, juniors and