ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the complex, dynamic, and increasingly competitive business environment of the 21 st century, organizations are required to demonstrate an effective innovation capability if they are to achieve their growth targets and safeguard existing markets (Kaplan 1). However, as acknowledged by this author, leading innovation in the contemporary business world necessitates new mindsets and behaviors for organizational leaders, as well as for the entities that develop them. Other scholars have underscored the role and importance of leadership as a dominant ingredient in not only spearheading innovation as a process, but also in sustaining its impetus until innovation as an organizational outcome is achieved (Furr and Dyer 82; Huzzard 1). The present paper reflects on how leading innovation differs from leading other types of teams in organizations, before illuminating the factors that are considered as most important in the leadership of innovation. Leading Innovation vs. Leading Other Types of Teams There exist notable differences between leading innovation and leading other types of teams in organizational settings. The first difference revolves around the level of predictability and control characterizing both settings. Here, it is important to note that, while leading other types of teams requires a high degree of predictability and control, leading innovation involves extreme uncertainty that is often characterized by unexpected events, inevitable failures, and a noteworthy lack of control (Kaplan 1). The propensity for extreme uncertainty that characterize the leadership of innovation requires leaders to be well prepared and/or trained to address the harsh realities associated with leading or responding to disruption. As a direct result of this difference, leaders charged with the responsibility of spearheading innovation “must embrace ambiguity, live with uncertainty for long periods of time, and confront the critiques of naysayers both inside and outside of their organizations” (Kaplan 1). This means that, due to the extreme uncertainty associated with leading innovation, leaders in these types of environments must be prepared to live with being misconstrued or condemned for longer periods of time. The second difference between leading innovation and leading other types of teams revolves around the issue of leadership competencies. While it is clear that leading other types of teams requires leaders to demonstrate the competencies of teamwork and engagement (Furr and Dyer 80-81), leading innovation is a bit different as it requires leaders to demonstrate new leadership competencies that allow them to, among other things, (1) unearth their deeper motivations to drive significant opportunities for others, (2) push personal boundaries and limits with the view to challenging their own assumptions, (3) take simple yet concrete steps into the unknown in order to develop the capacity to view failure as a stepping stone to learning and progress, (4) turn into surprises as an effective avenue for gaining novel insights and discoverin
Notably, although most participants agreed that the University does not have enough equipment to facilitate adequate participation in sports-related activities for its female students. One issue is the equipment that female students do not have access to gym facilities on the University’s territory. To further explore what equipment is necessary for a successful female health education program, such as treadmills and strength training equipment. This would require the University to invest in constructing the gym and adjacent facilities, such as locker rooms and showers for females. Other options include equipment for active types of sports – tennis, football, or others. Regarding the curriculum, the research indicates that most participants agree on the lack of preparedness of the faculty and inadequate curriculum program that hinders students’ access to exercising. One issue is that the health education program for females was modified from a male program with some slight modifications to ensure that it can be applied for female students as well. However, the research suggests that it is necessary to develop a curriculum for female students from scratch, considering the specifics of female physical health. Another aspect for consideration is having faculty from outside Saudi Arabia. On the one hand, this can have a negative effect on female students because of the faculty’s misunderstanding of the local culture and traditions. As a result, there may be a misunderstanding between the faculty and the students regarding the sports activities because of cultural differences. It is possible that having staff members from Saudi Arabia, who would be in charge of sports education would be more beneficial because these faculty members would consider the cultural specifics and the context of implementing appropriate female sports education programs into the curriculum.
Introduction Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly clear for more and more people that the procedural format of Olympic Games, as we know it, has grown outdated. The indirect proof of this statement’s legitimacy can well serve the fact that, as of this day, the attendance rate at the currently ongoing Olympic Games in London has hit its all times low. In its turn, this caused Games’ organizers to resort to rather unconventional methods of increasing the number of spectators, “Faced with this awkward situation (the low rate of attendance), the London Olympic Committee invited security guards to fill the empty seats. This, however, was criticized by the media” (Zhang par. 7). In this paper, I will aim to explore the validity of the earlier suggestion at length, while outlining the main reasons why I think Olympic Games should be banned. Argumentative part It now became a commonplace practice among many people to think that one of the main purposes of Olympic Games is to help the participating athletes and the spectators to embrace the spirit of apoliticalness – hence, advancing the cause of peace and tolerance in the world. Another assumed positive aspect of Olympic Games is that they are believed to promote physical culture. The earlier mentioned suggestions, however, are far from being considered as such that represent an undisputed truth-value. After all, the staging of the first modern Olympic Games in Athens (1859) was meant to serve the clearly political cause of celebrating Greek victory over Turks in what it is now being known as the Greek War of Independence. Ever since the early 20 th century, the factor of politics has been playing an ever-increased role, within the context of how Olympic Games used to be staged and within the context of what accounted for the process of defining the Games’ locale and content. This, however, did not make Olympic Games less popular. Quite on the contrary – as history indicates, the more there was politics to the staging of every particular Game, the more it was capable of attracting Media’s attention, and consequently spectators. The extent of Olympic Games’ politicization has reached its peak during the course of the Cold War, when these Games were commonly perceived as the sporting manifestation of an ongoing confrontation between the U.S. and its allies, on the one hand, and the USSR and its allies, on the other. This was exactly the reason why it is was namely throughout the course of the Cold War, when Olympic Games used to enjoy a huge popularity with people, throughout the world. Nevertheless, ever since the world has ceased
Introduction Written by Nikolai Ostravasky, How the Steel was tampered is a captivating socialist realist piece that reflects the picture and position of the literary world in the former Soviet Union and other socialist states around the world. The socialist philosophy around the world was based on a philosophy that was meant to glorify the position of the masses that were referred to as the working and the ruling classes, which were made up mostly of the military. Socialism was based on brainwashing of the masses by feeding their minds on information that the state wanted them to know. In this way, the state would control everything that happened around its people. In essence, socialism controlled the freedoms of people in the nations it was practiced as the mode of governance. The purpose of socialist realism was to advance the goals of socialism and communism by controlling what was being disseminated to the masses at all levels. This strategy too was applied to the literary world to the extent that all literary works produced had to conform to the guidelines set up by the socialist order. The book by Ostravasky confirms the same. Therefore, as the paper reveals, the book has demonstrated a great deal of relationship with Chinese fictional works such as Talks at the Yenan Forum and On the Revolution of Peking Opera based on the evident effect it has had on the two mentioned Chinese works. How the Steel was tampered vs. Talks at the Yenan Forum The article Talks at the Yenan Forum presents a round-table held in May 2 nd 1942 to review the way literature works were being produced and if they were conforming to socialist realism. As the reader would find out from the paper on the proceedings at the Yenan forum, there is a talk of liberating the Chinese people using all fronts. One front is the gun while the other front is the use of the pen meaning that the forum was emphasizing the use of literature to perpetuate the socialist agenda as well as to control the content of literature being produced. The second page of the forum document talks of “the need to fit literature and art in the whole revolution machine” (Tse-tung Para. 2). When compared to the book How the Steel was tampered , one finds that the author of the book has followed a certain line of thought that is found to be highlighting the achievements of the socialist government. Although the talks of the forum were held in China, China and the Soviet Union were both socialist republics that were guided by the same tenets. The socialist philosophy called for loyalty to the revolution asking people to give their lives to the service of the revolution. This issue can be found in the first part of Ostravasky’s work that describes his time as a young Bolshevik and the dedication he had to the revolution that, even through ill health, he never left his position lest he was invalidated from the movement. This effort shows how socialist realism had taken root in the nations that had socialism as their political system. Ostravasky’s loyalty highlights the extreme effects of indoctrination and the expectations that all people felt they had to meet a
The extract we should analyze comes from the story The Bath by Janet Frame. It is a short story, describing the life of an old lady, who lives absolutely alone, as she is a widow -her husband has been dead for seventeen years. The author describes her day-to-day routine. She still grieves for her husband, constantly visiting his grave and taking care of it by planting flowers. She is constantly thinking about the sense of her life and her loneliness. The author is famous for her ability to reveal a grim aspect of human experience and describe the nature of life in an unusual way. In the Bath she creates the atmosphere of total loneliness and irrelevance. The main character does not even have her name, the author constantly calls her “she”. The reader knows more about her dead husband, whose name and the date of death are written on the grave. Leaving the main character nameless, the author underlines her total insignificance in the world. The first paragraphs of the story depict her preparations for another visit to her husbands grave. The strange thoughts come to her mind. She feels so tired that she wants just to lie and fall asleep on the grass among the graves. This moment underlines the great tiredness of her body and, which is more important, of her soul. The next paragraph leads us to the extract we should analyze. It is the description of the main characters daily routine such as meal preparation and heating water for the bath as ”visits to the cemetery, doctor, and to relatives, to stay, always demanded a bath” (“Story of Ourselves” 68). The preparation for the bath takes a long time and has its own peculiarities “she found a big towel, laid it ready over a pair, arranged the chair so that should difficulty arise as it had last time she bathed she would have some way of rescuing herself” (“Story of Ourselves” 68). We can see from the procedure, it is rather difficult for the elderly woman to get out of the bath and, moreover, the author shows her remembrance of the troubles, connected with the last time, she took the bath “should difficulty arise as it had last time she bathed”(“Story of Ourselves” 68). Though, the author does not go into the details of the main characters previous problem. It is one of the main peculiarities of the extract and the text in the whole – it is told in indirect style, form the point of view of the elderly woman, using long sentences, imitating her thoughts. We can see that the woman has a fear for that procedure. The view from the rim of the bath scares her, it “now seemed more like the edge of a cliff” (“Story of Ourselves” 69). Though, having decided to get in, she finds herself in the desperate state. She cannot get out. Showing the helplessness of an old lady, the author stresses the importance of the relations in human life. The main characters thought conveys her loneliness “if I shout for help, she thought, no one will hear me. No one in the world will hear me. No one will know I am in the bath a
Recognition of women through direct action in the international arena is central to women’s empowerment to enhance the success of the international development agenda. International agencies need to understand and appreciate the vital role that women play in the international development process and incorporate them into the priorities of global organizations and agencies of the United Nations. The organizations and agencies in the global arena must facilitate cooperation on women empowerment, gender issues touching on education, political, social, economic, and political impacts (Steans, p. 78). Gender inequality has been addressed through global efforts largely by emphasizing education as a way of attaining women’s empowerment. Education has provided women with an avenue of venturing into the public sphere and has established them on the same level as men. Global insistence in encouraging women’s education provides the necessary foundation of their empowerment and gives them unlimited opportunities for equal employment and independence economically. Women and education and employment are key elements of empowerment. They are sources of empowerment, meaning that educated and employed women have more sources and opportunities they can utilize to become empowered, unlike women who are not educated or employed. Feminist organizations and other networks have utilized and have been preoccupied in many years analyzing, anticipating, and reporting on the impact of globalization on the lives of women. The main issue taken into consideration by these groups is the economic and social outcomes of the global free trade agenda on women. Women have been involved in meetings jointly with other movements in campaigns against gender, social, economic, and political influences resulting from globalization (Kelly et al., p. 10). It is important to note that women focus more on economic structures and policies that affect their lives and livelihoods. Economic analyses of international development by feminists tend to criticize international economic and structural programs that women view as discriminatory. Primarily, women’s groups tend to focus on economic structures and policies which they identify as core to the subordinate and deteriorating conditions of women and other unprivileged members of society. In the global arena, women and Non-Governmental Organizations also dwell on and respond to local and international experiences on sexual imbalances, d
Introduction Humans and the environment are closely connected and related to each other. That is why the actions of humans have consequences for the latter, and the environment affects the former. There are plenty of factors to consider to evaluate these two’s influence. Different strategies, perspectives, and concepts are used to explain the relationship between human activities and natural landscapes. Main body Different human activities alter landscapes in a variety of ways. Human actions can have a significant impact on an area’s ecosystem and geography. When it comes to things that change the look of the landscape, things like strip mining and open-pit mining are rather evident, but others are more subtle—human actions can have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle, erosion, and more. However, it is vital to assess the significance of places by identifying their physical and/or human features. In fact, in order to address the problems regarding the alteration of landscapes by human activities, a collective approach should be taken. Among the consequences of human activities on Earth are global warming and climate change. Climate change mitigation is frequently viewed as an issue requiring communal effort. This occurs when people refuse to lower their own emissions. While it is in our individual interests to continue emitting, it is in our collective interest to minimize emissions. The issue of climate change needs to be addressed as it has many threats to the environment, such as the extinction of animals and natural disasters. One of the factors facilitating the change of landscapes due to human activities is urbanization. The population transfer from rural to urban regions, the resulting decline in the number of people in rural areas, and the methods by which societies adjust to this transition are all referred to as urbanization . Among other factors is the increase in plastic use, which adversely affects the environment. Plastic takes a long time to break down, and as it goes to the ocean, it pollutes water resources and makes it difficult to clean up the ocean. Demographic patterns and population distribution are influenced by physical features and natural resources. It means that the distribution of various physical features, such as forests and water landscapes, among the location of the natural resources mines affect the distribution of populations. Thus, demographic patterns of growth, decline, and movement are also influenced by these factors. The abundance of natural resources and the presence of different physical features might help not only to follow the trends of the global population but also to predict its movement and distribution of it. The more natural resources there are at the specific place, and the more physical resources such
West Wacker 225 West Wacker buildings are built in the downtown district in the city of Chicago, it has a total of 31 stories and is 132 meters tall (Emporis.com 2). The 225 West Wacker, the skyscraper was designed by one of the most renowned architecture firms; the Kohn Pederson Fox Associates. It was commissioned in 1985 and completed in 1989 becoming one of the few skyscrapers built in Chicago (Emporis.com 2). Structurally, 225 West Wacker building appears to be a beige glass tower, decorated by well-designed tiles. On one side faces the Wacker Drive, which the building was named after. The top of the building is structured differently and separates the rest of the skyscraper with what appears to be a collar, but which is a two-story column. The top finishing is made up of four columns on each side that is capped with turret spires. Figure 1. Merchandise Mart Plaza. For a long time, 222 Merchandise Mart Plaza was one of the largest buildings, not only in Chicago but in the world as well. It is also one of the earliest skyscrapers built in America having been finalized in 193; in 1941 it was officially gazetted by the government as the world’s largest building in terms of floor space with its 13.6 km of floor space and 25 stories (Aviewoncities.com 2). Its magnificent structure is located between Orleans Street and the Chicago River on the north bank. It was designed by four architectures; Anderson, Probst, Graham, and White, and constructed by MarshallField and Company (Aviewoncities.com 3) Historically, 222 Merchandise Mart Plaza has essentially been used as a commercial center that has housed some of the world’s leading business enterprises and is still regarded as one of the leading commercial centers even today. The interior structure of the building is made up of grey and cream tiles, while the exterior structure is finished with dark brown marble that makes the building appear dull from a distance. The building consists of eight pillars finished with human busts on its front side which faces the Chicago River: what has been historically known as the “Merchants Hall of Fame” that dates back to 1953 intended to symbolize great American merchants such as Marshall Field (Aviewoncities.com 6) Figure 2. Randolph Tower /188 West Randolph. The Randolph Tower building was originally known as the Steuben Club building in 1929 when it was first completed (Powers 1). It is considered as one of the historica
Introduction Studies show that the world has been changing at alarming rate. Global warming is experienced, the number of the world inhabitants has increased, monetary systems endure shocks and the supply of water is strained. Organizations have realized the significance of sustaining the innovative green economy. This implies that transformations in the customary modes of doing businesses have been made clear. The leading motorcar production corporations and venture financial institutions have detected that the state of entrepreneurial activities should be transformed. It is reported that corporations must not just do businesses to generate profits, but the entire global economy should quickly adapt and be innovative in order to be green. This will enable societal morals, ecological stewardship and conventional monetary matters to merge and result into ethonomics. This research paper discusses ethonomics, how the concept is related to corporate social responsibility as well as the implemented social responsibility and sustainability initiatives in different organizations. Ethonomics Several ethonomics definitions have been proposed by scholars and organizations. Ethonomics is a word that was used to illustrate the intellectual procedures used to map value system. However, a magazine written by Fast Company (2009) gave a novel meaning of the phrase “ethonomics”. In this magazine ethonomics means ethical economics. A report by Fast Company (2009) asserts that all companies and organizations claiming to be resourceful and sustainable ought to be responsible, transparent, offer appropriate commercial operation balance and should be well-organized in utilizing ordinary reserves and power. This implies that ethonomics is a fusion of social responsibility, design and know-how or an ethical study of any given market. According to Gray, Brown and Macanufo (2010), any definition that an individual prefers still describes ethonomics as concept that primarily entails ethics observed when doing business. It is the application and learning of specialized revolution and organizations that decide to implement commercial activities which might yield positive end result. It is an improved and friendly economic version that was invented just in time to rescue the universe from activities that lead to downgrading. Ethonomics incorporates stockholder commitment, micro-lending, fair business dealings, CSR and social entrepreneurship. The aim of ethonomics is to offer mechanisms that can be used to resolve conflicts which emerge between different value systems. Ethonomics versus corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the new ethonomics definition as various ethonomics organizations propose. The relationship between CSR and ethonomics is clearly shown through the description of economics. For instan