ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
High crime rates have been a common problem in the city of Baltimore. In this section of the paper, I will discuss the crime rates in two different neighborhoods of Baltimore. I will compare the homicides that have taken place in Baltimore city from January to October 2015. In the east district of Baltimore city, there has been very high in 2015. The eastern districts have shown 40 homicides and the southwestern neighborhood has posted 51 homicides (see Figures 1 and 2). A comparison of the demographics of the victims by age and race, it is observed that in Eastern Baltimore average age of the victims is 28.5 years and there are more blacks than whites that are victims ( Current Crime Trends , 2015). The GIS mapping shows that there are more homicides in the southwestern region of Baltimore City than in the eastern region. The data on homicides from January to October 2015 shows that the southwestern region is a more violent region than the eastern region, as in the former the occurrence of homicides is much higher ( Baltimore City Homicides , 2015). The income that the families have in these regions is low. The low income of the families in the southwestern region and a higher crime rate is representative of the social structure theory which is based on the axiom that social structure and standing have an indirect effect on the incidence in the locality. Therefore, our study of the Baltimore City neighborhood shows that the region with a lower average income has a higher rate of homicide as compared to the region, which has a marginally higher income. Further, as the southwestern region has been historically a high crime-prone region, the incidence of crime has gradually increased. This follows the social strain theory, which postulates that individuals belonging to a particular society are forced to commit crimes due to the pressure from within the community. Therefore, the areas, which have historically recorded high crime rates, will continue to do so in the future, as the younger generations are initiated into crime. Figure 1: Homicide in Baltimore City by Neighborhood (Baltimore Homicides, 2015). Figure 2: Homicides by cause of death per month in 2015 (Baltimore Homicides, 2015). The homogeneous neighborhoods with almost similar geographical status demonstrate that there is little or no difference between the parcel demographics conditions of the region. Further, the nature of the crime committed is similar in regions with similar economic backgrounds. The crime rates in the Baltimore city region are expected to increase every year. This may be due to the rise in unemployment and other concerns in the region. Further, the crimes committed are violent crimes such as homicide, rape, and armed robbery. Other forms of crime are theft, larc
Introduction Population density is the number of people residing in an area depending on the size of the area. (Brannon & Feist, 2009) Noise is any sound that causes a disturbance in comfort and is usually loud or unpleasant. Population density has a direct effect on noise meaning that the higher the population density, the greater the noise. Thus as people move to sparsely populated areas, the utility of privacy and territoriality is acknowledged. The coverage of privacy, territoriality and personal space will help us understand to what extent population density affects individual people. Effect of territoriality Territoriality can be described as guarding or protecting one’s space from the same species. There are three types of territoriality within the human species. They are primary, secondary and public territories. Primary territories are owned permanently by the individual such as the homes, while secondary territories are temporarily owned or rented such as car rental services. Lastly, public territories are those that are owned by anyone and apply the rule of first come first serve basis such as fast food places or ticket offices at airports. The main aim of maintaining territoriality is to gain privacy; thus; primary territories have more privacy than the other two territories. Territory can be categorized as a physical territory which is divided into body and personal territory, a social territory that entails the family, peers, the clan, religious and cultural associations and lastly the psychic history that entails the philosophic theories, opinions, plans, and dreams. (Brannon & Feist, 2009). Effect of privacy and personal space Privacy may be a separation of self from the rest. Hence, it can be said humans have less exposure of themselves to others. Personal space is the space where one is comfortable because it constitutes both primary territories and privacy. It is divided into four types that is social distance, intimate distance, personal distance, and public distance. Each has specific measurements that range from 0 to 25 feet. (Straub, 2006) The social, cultural and biologic rules that draw the line between who is granted access to the stated distances and the rules of engagement once in these distances are pre=determined. (Arkkelin & Veitch, 1995). Private guidelines differ from individual to individual. Arkkelin & Veitch, go on to show the relationship between privacy and interpersonal relationships. The demand for privacy and territoriality of an individual are directly proportional to the population density. To maintain the social input of an individual, there is a tendency of humans to safeguard their primary territories. Moreover, cross-cultural differences are mostly detected between different cultures. Effect of nature The eff
Power Distance and Cultural Relativism To begin with, power distance is widely recognized as a measurement of power and wealth hierarchy among individuals in settings of different types. However, Hofstede (2011) identifies it as an influence on people who are exposed to the notion. To be more exact, power distance affects not only those on top but less powerful as well. Thus, this index determines the extent to which individuals accept the inequity of power distribution among them and colleagues. Still, it seems crucial to note that people might experience the term due to various types of differences, such as ethnicity, gender, culture, and status. Furthermore, Hofstede (2011) identifies six dimensions that lead to cultures distinguishing; however, the most crucial ones remain power distance index and gender. Consequently, cultural relativism might decrease the significance of the notion in any setting. For instance, according to Hofstede (2011), power distance can be perceived as the dimension of culture and, therefore, can be eradicated by promoting cultural relativism. To be more precise, working environments may be positively alternated if people accept the viewpoint that they cannot judge or criticize people of other communities. As a result, countries have different indexes of power distance which considerably influences the economy and society on the whole. To be more particular, an average power distance measurement across the globe is 59.31, which is relatively high (Clearly Cultural, 2021). In other words, it means that most countries display an apparent existence of power and wealth hierarchy among residents. For instance, the Uni
This paper deals with the cultural myth that “Love is women’s whole existence.” Over the years, the society has been made to believe and accept that women live only for love. However, this is not the case; it is a cultural myth whose time to go has come. Love is crucial to women; nevertheless, love is not the only goal or purpose that women live for. Apart from being lovers, women are responsible mothers, sisters, daughters, and workers as well. With changing times, women can now access decent education and jobs; which make them, lead independent lives without men. Nowadays women are living without that ‘love’ and this may explain the up surge in single mothers and single women. This myth of love being the woman’s whole existence usually accompanies the notion that a woman’s place is in the kitchen. Far from it, women are found in every profession be it military, healthcare, judiciary or even in presidency. Nothing can explain a freed woman from this cultural myth than Charlotte Bronte’s works: The Life and Loves of a She-Devil, The Mill on the Floss, and Jane Eyre . Female characters in these works struggle to shake off love and through this; they are in a position to pursue their dreams and gain the much-needed energy to overcome life challenges. For instance, in Jane Eyre, Jane portrays her autonomy and will power to overcome Rochester after realizing he has a wife. Drowned into the myth of ‘love is woman’s whole existence’, Rochester thinks Jane would become his lover and a missus. However, Jane is not set for these illusions; she walks away with only ten pounds, a piece of bread, and the clothes she was wearing. She leaves behind the jewelry and all luxuries that Rochester had brought into her life in name of love (Cadena para. 5). This may be in literature, but it translates and links strongly to what is happening in the contemporary world. Women are no longer tied to this myth and they are rising to claim their autonomy. Single mothers are on the increase and this is a clear indication that this cultural myth is obsolete. If love was the only thing that women lived for, there could not be single mothers in the society today. The word ‘single mother’ here does not refer to single mothers because of spouse’s death; it refers to single motherhood by choice. Interestingly, the current demographics are shocking to those who think that love is the only thing that women live for. For instance, in 2006 alone, 80% of the 12.9 million families headed by single parents were women (Mackay 36). Moreover, in Australia, 31% of babies born since 2001 are from unmarried women (Rickard 29). In the United Kingdom, of the 5.9 million single parents, 64% were single mothers (Bergman 8). This does not leave out South Korea, a rather conservative society. 1.6 million Children were born by single mothers in 2007 (Sang-Hun 9). These statistics shows how misplaced the cultural myth that love is the only thing women live for is. In the wake of these revelations, it is evident that there are other components in a woman’s life, which are of more importance or at least equal importance to love. If love were the only thing women had to live for, then these bi
One of the most important subjects raised in “The Talisman” by Walter Scott is the differences between Islam and Christianity and the confrontations between the followers of these two religions in the times of King Richard of England and the Crusades. In the first chapters of “The Talisman,” Walter Scott vividly emphasizes the clash between the Muslim and Christian people, their traditions and beliefs. During the first peaceful interaction between Kenneth the knight and the Muslim emir, both men face notions and behaviors they cannot understand or accept; due to this, both participants of the never ending discussions constantly argue and judge each other. For example, emir does not appreciate the food his Christian rival eats because it contains pork; at the same time, Kenneth tries to explain to emir the meaning of monogamous relationships widely preferred in the West (Scott par. 23). The confrontation and its descriptions continue in the conflict between Richard and Saladin. The two rulers consider each other’s traditions and beliefs wrong, and disrespect each other’s cultures and spend lives trying to change each other’s practices and rules. Scott uses very descriptive language in his works; they contain a lot of metaphors and epithets, which make the story deeper and more colorful. The key of the author’s narration is rather calm; the author does not pick sides but instead tries to present the points of view of each character from their own unique perspective making the reader understand that all of the opinions have the right to exist. Works Cited Scott, Walter. The Talisman . 2013. Web.
Introduction The topic of cultural diversity is not that it has not lost its relevance; it has not even been properly updated. Numerous publications of various kinds devoted to the critique of the unifying tendencies of globalization usually consider it as a self-sufficient and self-evident value. At the same time, the question of the nature of cultural diversity and its significance in the socio-cultural progress of mankind remains in the shadow of intellectual pursuits. The individual must retain the human dimension, which requires its implementation by being in a situation of cultural diversity. The importance of the latter is evidenced by the attention to this phenomenon on the part of international organizations. In particular, it is the adoption by UNESCO 2001 of the World Declaration on Cultural Diversity (Vincent & Manzano, 2017). In it, cultural diversity was recognized not only as a fact but also as a source of innovation, exchange, and creativity, which form the basis of human existence as an organic whole. All this confirms the fact that cultural diversity is constituted in our time as one of the important problems of socio-humanitarian knowledge. The analysis of this problem – with an emphasis on my related personal experience, racism, and the ACA code of ethics – is the purpose of this discussion. Personal Perspective I admit that I have biases within the scope of cultural dimension, given that I have experienced them from others, which influenced my state of mind to an exact extent
Executive summary This paper looks into the general concept behind the LCC analysis, its importance and purpose of such an undertaking in any organization setting. The analysis is based on the case study of a chain store company, which specializes in the sale of household goods such as furniture, electronics, kitchen appliances and furnishing items. The chain store has more than 2000 products that are distributed in different outlet stores throughout UK (Chandler 2004). The analysis entails the introduction of a new inventory system for the company with the intention of streamlining record keeping in the organisation. The rationality of the system lays on its ability to monitor all entries, hence ensuring that the company’s data is up to date at all times. This makes it easy for the company to compile reports, and further serves to boost accountability. The focus of the analysis is on the alternative support options that are likely to improve on the sustainability of the system. For this study, three options were identified which included corporate management, insurance and manufacture’s support. To come up with the most efficient method in terms of cost, the three options were analyzed. During analysis, the author identified the pros and cons of each identified option. The life cycle cost for the options spanning a period of 8 years was also taken into consideration. Based on the results of the analysis, manufacturer support was identified as the most appropriate approach because of the costs and effectiveness of the support instrument. Introduction According to Langford (2007), the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is a tool used to evaluate the overall cost of a system or a specific product over its entire lifespan. This method allows one to identify with the elements entailed in the lifespan of the system and thus helps in the calculation of the costing of each incorporated element. The main purpose of employing the LCC analysis is to identify the most cost effective approach that caters for all the required resources over the entire lifespan of the system. This therefore provides an essential systematic approach for identifying the required elements and quantifying them thus accessing the available alternative options before employing the most qualified option in terms of cost effectiveness (TAM, 2004). Ghoshal and Greeff (2004) assert that it is essential for all companies to employ the LCC analysis on any new systems that they need to incorporate in the organization. Such an action would allow the company to identify any substantial costs that the business is likely to incur in future. As such, Ghoshal and Greeff (2004) recommend the LCC analysis should be implemented right from the design phase of any new project that a company intends to undertake. By using such an analysis, the company would be in a good position to comprehend the extent of costs related to research and development, production, operation and support and product disposal as illustrated in figure 1. Figure 1: Typical life cycle cost Typical life cycle cost (Mtain, 2009) With reference to LCC analysis, this research work looks into the acquisitio
Introduction As we give critical speculation over the book ‘INVISIBLE MEN: Life in Baseball’s Negro Leagues’ by a promising writer Donn Rogosin, we discover lots of things that are kept unrevealed so abruptly in the social configuration of racism. “In all things that are purely social, we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.”[1] This is a particular book that is a very fresh scholarship on the Negro baseball leagues. The context as has been dealt with is totally related to racially isolated America during the period between 1920 and 1950. This is the particular phase of racism that has made the dominance so very concrete that the title in itself declares the actual picturesque about the foregrounding towards this dominance. There is no doubt that history has followed this particular structure of declaration. However, the initiations were discovered by the presentations related to the Negro Leagues. The first person was Robert Peterson, in his write-up ‘Only the Ball Was White’ made a very strong stand. The basis of this particular plot was made over the history that has been collected colloquially. Added to this, all kinds of write-ups on African-American baseball are scarce and are whirl pooled by controversies. The attempt, as has been forwarded by Donn Rogosin’s Invisible Man: Life in Baseball’s Negro Leagues, too, is remarkable in its own way. This book makes a detailed exploration and exposition of how the native and the local teams became an important community in the sports institutions. All these sports institutions were operated by black entrepreneurs involved in the numbers rackets in a random way. As history states that in the year 1947, it was Jackie Robinson who very strongly broke baseball’s color barrier and became the most unconquered hero for black and white Americans. The role played by Robinson was a Negro League player and is all about his struggle till he integrated with the Major League baseball. The Negro League ballplayers were always followed by thrilling black fans. This was an obvious state till 1920. The legends on the line were Smoky Joe Williams, who was famous for his fastballs. He was a player who can deliver fastballs in a really fast way. The force comes in as if off a mountain top. The next legend on the line was Satchel Paige, the player who was more known as an ageless wonder. He had dominance on the pitch for five decades. This was well expressed in “I hope that someday Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson will be voted into the Hall of Fame as symbols of the great Negro players who are not here only because they weren’t given a chance.” [2] The players like Josh Gibson and Buck Leonard were some noted legends in the stream of the sport. Their contributions were not only well-acknowledged but are still very much recognized. However, their struggles to this position were like “the Ruth and Gehrig of the Negro Leagues.” The d
Abstract This research paper explores different marketing strategies that businesses may use within the Islamic countries. Detailed appraisal of cultural, economical, and demographic inclination of the Islamic countries is presented to facilitate relevant and quick market penetration. Companies should apply cauterization of marketing, distribution channels within their augmented network alongside a strong financial arm. The challenges that companies may face in the Islamic market include limited political, cultural, and social freedoms encircled in a religious parameter. Besides, there are legal restrictions and poor infrastructure challenges which might be encountered. Putting into consideration of the external and internal dynamics, companies targeting the Islamic markets should adopt a customized marketing strategy in order to remain relevant and benefit from the highly stratified market. The findings indicate that the Islamic marketing system is very complex besides having the ability to improve the product visibility among the players, since it is designed to internalize the Islamic beliefs. Besides, the Islamic marketing system is driven by the object of perfection designed to convey information to customers on the unique features of a product. Finally, the community engagement initiatives often employ very emotive marketing language to appeal to the hidden benefits to the sensitive Islamic customers. Introduction This paper seeks to establish a meticulous research and documentation of the results of a successful marketing within the Islamic markets. The essay will integrate the marketing strategies, entry strategies, feasible marketing mix, and socio-cultural segmentation of the Islamic market. Also, this paper attempts to present a detailed analysis of the marketing system plan for any company interested in selling its products or services within the Islamic markets, and its choice of penetration technique without causing any disturbance. The findings reveal that the global Islamic marketing is effective when the marketing system is inclusive of the direct players such as the consumers and producers, suppliers, independent entities such as business associations or regulatory agencies (Ali 1999). Besides, there is a need to promote proactive community engagement since it involves directly encouraging customers to proactively participate in brand evolution. The global Islamic marketing promotes development of sustainable relationship among the parties. Findings Kotler and Keller (2012) state that “in order to build a strong marketing system, it is necessary to ensure that the potential customers will be in a position to identify with the product, due to the benefits it has” (Kotler & Keller 2012, p. 32). Thus, the marketing strategy should be very effective in increasing the visibility