ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The history of the world has seen many prominent figures who have left a strong mark on the philosophical paradigms of millions of people. In many cases, this impact exists in the form of religious dogmas and traditions, which are transmitted from older generations to new ones. There are particular personalities, which have inspired millions of people across the globe and defined the development of worldviews and philosophy for centuries. Among them, Jesus Christ and Confucius have become some of the most prominent figures in the history of the world. Their teachings have become the Earth’s major religions with millions of followers. They were two utterly different men divided by continents, but their ideas have survived across two millennia. In spite of major fundamental differences between Confucianism and Christianity, it is still possible to discern some similarities between the personalities of their founders. The purpose of this is essay is to compare the lives and the teachings of Confucius and Jesus Christ. Religious views form the core of the major differences between civilizations. The East and the West are separated by water and land, but the primary dividing aspect has lied in the philosophical sphere. Jesus and Confucious both lived in an Ancient era when laws and values were different. Nevertheless, the common feature of their personal impact is characterized by the eternal nature of their teachings. The paradigms of social, political, and ethical thought have shifted significantly over the past 2000 years, but the ideas of Jesus and Confucius have retained their relevance (Li). Therefore, these great philosophers were able to grasp the very nature of the human soul, describing the aspects, which lie beyond time and space. However, despite the renowned status of both religions today, Li writes that both figures caused considerable controversy during their respective periods. This fact introduces another common feature, which consists of the challenges faced by the religious leaders initially. These barriers add value to their teachings, as they have managed to survive despite severe criticism across centuries. On the other hand, despite the common characteristics of these people, Confucius and Christ demonstrate a range of differences, as well. While their teachings may even appear contemporary from a modern person’s perspective, there are still five centuries separating them (Muesse). Furthermore, the two personalities differ in terms of their status within the religions. In the eyes of his followers, Confucius has remained a philosopher with a profound understanding of the universe. On the contrary, Jesus Christ has acquired a divine status of the embodiment of God on Earth (Muesse 189). Such views have caused greater controversy across the globe, and the number of those who oppose them has increased, as well. At the same time, while Confucianism has numerous followers, it still remains regional in nature, encompassing mostly the populated Chinese territories. Christianity, however, is
The question of optimizing urban planning is becoming more relevant every day due to the inability to solve some issues entirely through the tools currently used by the authorities. In particular, there appeared an urge to elaborate new ways of dealing with questions of homelessness. Implementing sensitivity analysis introducing quantitative models and methods that organizations and systems can use to measure multiple aspects of performance may become a choice to elevate the level of urban planning. Sensitivity Analysis Researchers use sensitivity analysis to assess the contribution of single preference parameters to the uncertainty of the ranking of alternatives. That is sensitivity analysis answers the question of how changes in independent variables influence a dependent outcome. The most obvious application of this kind of analysis is in finance, stock market trading, and sales. There are also ways of using sensitivity analysis in other fields, for instance, Scholten, Schuwirth, Reichert, and Lienert (2015) in their study use global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to address the question of water supply infrastructure planning. GSA allowed the researchers to assess the contribution of individual parameters and parameter groups on the uncertainty of the ranking of alternatives (Scholten et al., 2015). Their study elaborated valuable advice for urban planners to improve the situation concerning water supply infrastructure planning in Switzerland. In short, sensitivity analysis is an important up-to-date tool to tackle questions in a variety of fields. Urban Planning and Homelessness Sensitivity analysis can be used to address the issues with homelessness as an innovative way of treating the matter. It is common knowledge that there are two main reasons for homelessness: unemployment and high residential space cost. Therefore, there seem to be three ways of addressing the question of homelessness: creating jobs, decreasing accommodation cost, and creating shelters for the homeless. All three questions touch upon
Introduction The presence of aliens in different forms can be traced in numerous works of art, such as paintings, fiction literature, documentaries, and action movies. I, Robot portrays the picture of the future, where the robots became an inherent part of society. It shows the world in which the use of robotics became standard for everyone, and the machines perform different kinds of activities, including housework, taking care after sick people, walking the dogs, shopping, and others. It is crucial to mention that robots became so mundane for humans that no one is paying attention to them as something unique. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of aliens and its implications in the movie I, Robot . Main body First, it is critical to understand that although everyone does not view the active utilization of robotics as something extraordinary, the androids are still not considered to be equal members of society. In other words, the machines become assistants to humans, ensuring their safety and comfortable existence. The plot of the movie revolves around the agent Spooner who does not have trust in robots and believes that they can become a threat to humanity. Spooner investigates suspicious cases is not convinced that the laws of robotics work. It is found out later that Virtual Interactive Kinetic Intelligence (VIKI) designed by the U.S. Robotics stands behind all the discrepancies and troubles (I, Robot). One can say that artificial intelligence created by humans decided to outperform the creator. The movie’s director is raising an essential issue of human co-existence with technological development. As Cohen mentions in Monster’s Theory, “monsters are our children” (20). It is possible to state that modern advancements are the reflection of something different from humans, which, as a result, can inculcate fear and the feeling of the unknown. The beliefs that people can subjugate robots represent the attempts to overcome potential dangers that the developments hinder. It can also be compared to the presence of aliens among humans, where robotic creations differ from humans in numerous aspects. In the movie, people found a way to co-exist with something new, whereas it is vital to remember that the machines were designed by humans who were assured that they could control them. However, rationale without emotions, as VIKI possessed, can lead to dramatic events and unregulated dominance, and destructions. In contrast, it is worth mentioning Sonny, who turned out to be a robot with the ability to have feelings and sentiments. The same situation can be with aliens because it might be challenging to see whether one can perceive and sensate such emotions as compassion, friendship, or care. Thus, I, Robot delivers an essential thought to society, which implies that judging something or someone only by
Introduction People are always on the move to live better lives by seeking efficient alternatives for survival. Development is an essential aspect that determines the future of human life, which is why there are many plans to ensure nations, societies and individuals develop by making proper use of their abilities. This discussion involves a case study to analyze various development theories and the link between development and social and economic well-being of the nation. Four Major Development Theories Analyzing the world economic situation, as well as the basic economic stages that an average country undergoes in the course of its development, researchers have offered several models of economic development. Among them, four key stages are worth taking a better look at. To be more exact, these are structuralism, linear-stages-growth model, neo-Marxist, or dependency, theory, and neoclassical revival theory, as Contreras explains. Structuralism Emerging in 1940s in Latin America, the given school of economic thought argued that “export-led growth of raw materials was no longer a feasible path to economic development” (Conteras), therefore, opposing the already existing idea that a state economics should be based on exporting goods to other countries. It seems that the given school of thought was a product of its time since the cost price of products was times higher than their market price at the time. It must be admitted that structuralism has done a good job by helping states keep their economic status higher than it could be expected during the WWII. Linear-stages-growth model Another idea of economic development, the linear-stages-growth model was offered by European economists in response to the theory of structuralism. Also known as the Marshall Plan, the given model of economic development presupposed “implementation of a program providing for a massive injection of capital coupled with public sector intervention designed to accelerate the pace of economic development” (Conteras). While proving viable for the stat
Introduction This project presents China’s sociological features and its collision with Asian societies. It discusses the financial, social, and following forces which are determining Asian society. The case of China’s globalization strategy and its crash on the rest of the planet and its interior society is obtainable in detail. Furthermore, the psychoanalysis of the KOF index is also obtainable which is base on the financial, social, and following globalization with orientation to China. The first section of the account deals with globalization and financial factors. It discusses the macro-financial policy and financial reforms followed by its end. The second part presents the cultural factors and the feature of globalization in Asia. The concluding part details the following factors. It also presents the result of China’s globalization in retrospect. A therapy of changing contemporary Chinese society due to globalization is also obtainable followed by the comments on KOF directory ratings. Macro Or Micro Society Many discussions of Chinese society treat possessions rights, the home economy, and relations dynamics unconnectedly as aspects of law, finances, and kinship, in that order. Myron Cohen, by dissimilarity, examines how the relations estate, the relations economy, and the structure of the relations are mutually dependent. The result is not merely a clear expression of the need to relate relations to their fabric base, but also a new appreciation of the family’s ability to adapt to changing financial circumstances. What had to appear to be an inflexible organization doomed to founder on the shoals of upgrading now looks as although it may survive substantial change without behind its essential individuality. Geographic Location Nowadays China becomes single of the hottest marketplace places all over the globe from the viewpoint of the investor, China seems to be the majority potential market using the huge marketplace and attractive economic state of affairs. The apparent result is the put-in to in the number of overseas investments place into China, besides that the Chinese administration also releases several favorable policies to pull towards you the investment beginning abroad. For the overseas investors who desire to get into this productive market, it is essential to containing the general in order what is going on in the marketplace, the situation of the marketplace, and cultural issues. This document will give several ideas about the marketplace state of affairs in China as well as several issues connected to how to do industry in China. Cultural Profile of Your Society The identification in the book was at first presented at the conference on “Landscape, Culture, and Power in Chinese Society” held in 1996 at the University of California, Berkeley. Corruption is the majority attention-driven to the overseas investors. It may result in the industry in a lot of ways. Some populace says that it is a bad standard in
Pastis Restaurant is a French eatery located in the New York’s 9 th avenue and is operated by Keith McNally. The restaurant offers a wide variety of French cuisine as well as a range of services including take outs and deliveries. Besides vintage French wine, Pastis Restaurant offers a wide variety of meals for breakfast, brunch lunch and dinner. The waiters and waitresses are pleasant, helpful and friendly. They attend to the clients’ needs appropriately making the clients feel valued. The waiters and waitress are well informed of the restaurant’s menu items. Overall, dining at Pastis is a pleasant experience. The interior decoration at Pastis is deceptively simple. However, the decorations complexly integrate with each other. There are large antique mirrors covering most of the walls. The ceiling is made of unconventional material (pressed tin). However, a closer look reveals that the tin ceiling is glazed with yellowish-brown pigments giving it a cool shinny finish. This creates the impression that the tin in the ceiling is part of the building. The floor is lined with mosaic patterns that complement the decorations on ceiling and the wall (Tyrnauer n.pgn). Pastis restaurant does not get its reputation from its food. However, the restaurant serves distinctively good quality French cuisine. Despite the fact that the food seems to be overpriced, it is a largely popular eatery. Ironically, the menu doesn’t contain as much wine as a French menu should. Nevertheless, the food is well cooked and moderately spiced. The meat seems to be a bit dry and lacks the rich beefy taste, making meat dishes unsatisfactory. Additionally, the green vegetables accompanying the main courses are a bit bitter and mostly inedible. The bread is however delicious. Much of the wine is served at the bar. There are a variety of cocktails constituting French vintage wine, served in glass, carafe or bottle. Pastis restaurant also serves a variety of French flavored aperitifs at the end of every meal. Overall, other than the distinct taste of French flavors, the food is average. The wines however, are richly flavored and add to a pleasant dining experience (“Pastis”, n.pgn). Pastics Restaurant seems to combine the best of New York and Paris cultures. In typi
Summary The extinction of animal species is still a serious problem facing ecosystems at present. Certain animal species are of immense economic, social and even cultural significance in different regions of the world. As a result, these animals have been over-exploited. If necessary measures are not taken, these animals will soon become extinct. This will severely affect the ecosystem and result to a set of ecological imbalances. All organisms interrelate in an ecosystem and the extinction of one species will undoubtedly affect the other animals. Grizzly bears are currently among the endangered species of animals (Bishop and Potts 43). If adequate measures are not taken to safeguard the grizzly bear, then they will soon be forgotten. Grizzly bear parts are on high demand in various parts of the world. As a result, they have been illegally hunted and now their existence is threatened (Smith and Hudson 75). Grizzly bears are a group of brown bears that live in the highlands of North America. The grizzly bears play an essential role in their ecosystems. In particular, they are remarkably good agents of seed dispersal. The bears consume fleshy fruits, and they release the seeds in their excreta. They boost germination of seeds since they excrete the wastes with nutrients which provide favorable conditions for germination. They, therefore, form vital agents of seed dispersal in their ecosystems. Bears feed on bulbs, plant roots and also forage for squirrels in the soil. In the process, they do stir the soil. This improves the quality of the soil, and promotes luxuriant growth of the species in the ecosystem (Ouderkirk and Preston 206). There is usually a high degree of species diversity in grizzly bear inhabited areas. The grizzly bear together with the wolves also plays a hugely crucial role in checking the populations of other animal species in the population. They control overgrazing in alpine forests by regulating the population of herbivorous species in the ecosystem. In an investigation once conducted by Teton National Park, in the USA, it was proved that eliminating grizzly bears and wolves from an ecosystem will result in an increase, in the level of the herbivores, in the ecosystem. This will eventually lead to overgrazing. Owing to their importance, they should be saved from extinction at all costs (Sanford 13). Materials and methods To come up with the suggestive measures to protect the bear population, various methods were employed. Interviews were conducted to investigate the factors responsible for extinction of the bears. Identifying the causes of death of grizzlies would help in formulating conservatory strategies. Park managers at Bariff and Theodore Roosevelt National parks were interviewed on the causes of deaths in grizzlies. They were also interviewed on the possible measures that can be taken to protect the bears. The interview was also aimed at obtaining the estimate populations of grizzly bears over the last few years. Other than the interviews, questionnaires were also designed and mailed to different grou
The Vietnam War or the Second Indochina War as it is also known has always been a subject of thorough historical research, especially the main causes of this conflict. There is a vast variety of books and research papers dedicated to this topic, However; we can single out some major ones, like for instance “Vietnam War. A History”, the book that was written by a prominent American journalist Stanley Karnow. Even though in the overwhelming majority of cases, the author focuses attention on the history of Vietnam since the Involvement of the French troops in the nineteenth century, he also gives background information as to the struggles of the Vietnamese against the domination of China’s government. The main peculiarity of this book is that the author tries to remain as objective as possible, overall, it is worth mentioning that “Vietnam War. A History” is believed to be the most unbiased book devoted to the conflict in Vietnam. It is also worth mentioning that in the authors belief, Vietnam was like a tidbit for superpowers like for example the United States, the Soviet Union, or France. The chapter, which is called “The War with the French” explores the factors, that contributed to the downfall of the French dominion in Vietnam. Moreover, the author analyzes the antebellum situation in the country, especially before the intervention of American troops. According to Stanley Karnow, one of the main reasons for the war itself was the vast discrepancy that existed between Buddhist Vietnamese and Catholic Vietnamese in terms of social and financial status. Probably, to a certain degree, the war was triggered by this division of Vietnamese society. It should be mentioned that this problem was extremely acute at the end of French rule in the country. The author believes that the French government made a great number of unnecessary steps after 1885 the year then France assumed almost entire control over Vietnam. First, they tried to impose a Western lifestyle in the country, which was not always appropriate. The French government turned Vietnam into a plantation economy country, which was undoubtedly very detrimental because such an approach gave no possibilities for further development. Moreover, the civil rights of Vietnamese people and their calls for autonomy were practically disregarded. It comes as no surprise that such policy sparked off a wave of protest. Forced labor, high taxes, and oppressive law enforcement could not produce anything but resistance from the Vietnamese people. Every person, who disagreed with this regime was considered to be a dissident and subsequently arrested. The author argues that if the French government agreed to make some concessions to the Vietnamese people the country would not have become a pro-communist state (Karnow, 1997). The situation took a different turn after the two world wars. First, the territory
The role of the education is significant for the progress of the mankind. The reliability of this assertion props up against the practical examples. The thing is that most of people believe at their initial stage of life, in their young ages, that simply working will make the result of happiness and prosperity. However, looking at the reality of life one can admit that the hardships of it can be undergone only due to enough knowledge base and experience as well. Thus, theoretical and practical knowledge can be obtained in specific places serving for the purpose of cultivation of the mankind experience and contemporary level of progress being appropriate for the time. Educational establishments are destined to fulfill this idea in reality. Actually the paper is dedicated toward the discussion of the place of education for an individual in this complex world. For this aim the works by Michael Pollan “The Animals: Practicing Complexity” and by John Beck “Morality and citizenship in education” are taken into consideration, so that to make emphasis on the extra-ordinary importance of education for the successful life in terms of cruel world. The ratio between education and prosperity as well as success is straightforward due to the possession of optimal volumes of knowledge for solving particular tasks. First of all, it is necessary to note that individuals can be compared to plants in terms of their growing process a