ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary Wars, political and social instability, and economic constraints the countries of the Arab world are facing lead to serious issues related to food security, with the most alarming situations in Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt. Due to the agricultural peculiarities of the region and the need to import diverse products, as well as a considerable dependence on the US dollar, many Gulf states are witnessing a significant level of inflation. Even the United Arab Emirates, although ensuring food security and proper economic development within its boundaries and even beyond, is likely to face serious challenges associated with the overall situation in the Middle East. Why This Matters This report includes insights regarding food security issues in the region that are instrumental in ensuring active participation in the discussion of related topics with the representatives of other Gulf countries. This report highlights some of the most burning problems causing food security constraints in poor and rich Arab states. The presented data can serve as the basis for creating a plan to address the problem and ensure food security in each Arab country and the entire region. Ministers should share their perspectives concerning the matter and potential steps to be undertaken to solve particular issues in every country. The collaboration plan should include the description of the roles and responsibilities of Arab countries, which will lead to coordinated effort and potential success. Such initiatives are essential for the UAE as stability in the region is needed for the sustainable development of the country. Being one of the leading nations in the Gulf region, the United Arab Emirates should be involved in addressing such serious challenges and helping other states to attain proper development and growth opportunities. Implications One of the most immediate implications for the United Arab Emirates is linked to its national security. Famine, social and political instability, military conflicts, and the associated migration of thousands of people destabilize the situation in the Arab world and has adverse effects on each and all Gulf countries. 1 Various military groups, such as ISIS, can attack the UAE if they cease power and obtain more resources in the area. The growing instability can disrupt the existing economic, political, and cultural ties between the UAE and other states of the region, which will have a negative impact on the country. In addition to losing investment and economic growth, the UAE can soon face skyrocketing food prices and worsened st
Introduction Iron (II) compounds which are octahedral in shape which may also transit a spin state crossover have imperative uses in biomedical applications since they detect the onset of two important physical conditions namely temperature and pressure. Besides, they act as visual components in devices that work through display characteristics. Furthermore, iron (II) complexes with the orientation of FeN 6 are more considered as far these applications are concerned. It should also be understood that the chemical analysis of unique coordination numbers among the complexes which fall under transition metals has elicited much interest owing to their importance in catalysis. This paper will analyse the crossover complexes of iron coordination compounds in terms of their synthesis, structures and magnetic characterization. Background Dominant practical theory in inorganic chemical analysis indicates that coordination numbers from four to six are traditionally assigned for transition metals within the first row. On the other hand, coordination numbers namely three, seven and eight are not common and hardly seen. Moreover, the coordination number of eight is most minimal in occurrence compared to others which are relatively abundant. Although the CNs of eight prove to be rare, there is an increasing quest for the study of their composition due to the high possibility of being used in metallobiomolecules (Trofimenko 126). This is of remarkable biological importance bearing in mind that catalysis has a wide array of applications in this field. The synthesis of this rare species will greatly rely on ligands. Unfortunately, there has not been an orderly study of this group of complexes and therefore no platform for the study of other classified materials. In the synthesis process of the deep-blue 8C iron (II) complex with the chemical formula [Fe (LN4)2] (BF4)2, one of the conditions posed was a complete lack of oxygen besides using the correct proportions of individual reactants. Structures (X-Ray crystallography) In order to qualitatively determine the structural orientation of some of these complexes, X-ray structural experiments were conducted. X-ray crystallography can be carried out at different temperatures. At 150 K, Fe [HB (3, 4, 5-Me 3 pz) 3 ] 2 complex structure proved to be a high spin. The iron- nitrogen single bond interaction has a span of 2.19 Å. (Reger et al. 8865). The angles are equally disorientated in a trigonal manner mostly due to pressure exerted by the rings. Moreover, the geometry of the nitrogen-iron single bonds is measured at 86.2 o . The structure of Fe [B (3 -cy Prpz) 4 ] 2 exhibits two molecules which are not related to each other. This is especially so when an x-ray is run at two temperature intervals of two hundred and ninety-four and ninety Kelvin. The mean linear distance of the nitrogen-iron bond at a temperature of two hundred and ninety-four Kelvin is 2.17 Å. The average distances for the o
Introduction Most researchers are making attempts to link the industrial transformation in China to the developments of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. The most critical question to ask about the growth of industries in China is the country’s growth with the relations it had with other countries like Japan, the Soviet Union, The United States, and the United Kingdom among other nations. The history of the transformation of China in various fields can be traced from the early years of the 19 th century. The transformation of industries in China cannot be explored without talking about the role that was played by a substantial number of countries. There is a substantial amount of historical data that points to the fact that the course of development in China was greatly shaped by the activities of foreign countries. Among these countries are the Great Britain, the United States, Japan, and the former Soviet Union. In this paper, it is argued that the growth of industries in China in the 19 th and 20 th centuries was significantly influenced by both positive and negative relations between China and other countries. This paper explores the transformation of industries in China between 1830 and 1990. This period denotes a cut across two centuries, the 19 th century when there were a lot of political developments in China and the 20 th century, when the political upheaval was patterned by the pursuance of economic reforms that later saw China’s industrial triumph at the global level. The paper centres on the influence of foreign countries, in particular the political and economic influence of foreign countries in the growth of industry in China for the mentioned period. Historical overview of China The question that ought to be asked is how China has managed to attain the prevailing level of industrial growth and to what level other countries like Japan played a role in shaping industrial growth in China. As observed in the introduction, China is a country that has had a long history dating as early as the 16 th century. However, the current l level of industrial development in China can be traced from the 19 th century. China had a lot of political issues in the 18 th and 19 th century, which impacted upon the development path of the country. The most critical thing to note is that China has had relations with different countries since the 17 th century. Therefore, the interaction of these countries with China must have, in one way or another, impacted upon the industrial development in China. One important element in the development history of China is the age of fragility that was experienced from the later years of the 18 th century into the entire 19th century. The historical antecedents of the 20 th century denote that China made contacts with a substantial number of countries, which shaped the political and economic developments in the country. It is important to note that the change in the political set-up of China in the mid of the 20 th century is the main landmark in the industrial transformation of China. According to Hays (para. 1), China attracted a number of foreigne
Introduction Two initial sentences in the introduction to the book Overthrow: America’s Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq written by Stephen Kinzer state the problem and briefly consider it, “Why does a strong nation strike against a weaker one? Usually because it seeks to impose its ideology, increase its power, or gain control of valuable resources” (Kinzer 1). The statement is true, but when it goes about the United States of America, it is a rule to talk about democracy and the necessity to help Americans and other nations understand what democracy is and to implement it by all means. The modern situation in the world and the latest events which made the USA interfere into the life of its country and other nations allows us to look at the issue critically and to point to the problem which exists in the contemporary world. Paying attention to the modern American history, it is possible to consider a number of specific examples when the USA tried to impose its rules (and it is necessary to state that it was rather successful in its attempts) on other countries and limit the freedoms of its citizens claiming about the importance of democracy and helping the whole world become free in its actions. Dwelling upon democracy and the desire to help Americans and other nations become free, the government of the United States of America have been providing constant interference to the private life of different nations, calling it democratic idealism, and making its citizens remain speechless contradicting to their first amendment right to free speech; the overthrow in Hawaii in 1893, the President Woodrow Wilson’s declaration of war message to congress (April, 1917), and the Espionage Act of 1917 are brightest examples of the American imperialism in the whole world. The Dynamics of Capital Expansion Considering the modern history of the USA and trying to remember the most striking events connected with the American interference into other countries, the invasion of Iraq in 2003 is remembered. However, being the most vivid case of American expansion, Iraq is not the only country where Americans tried to interfere. The USA constantly tries to implement its capital expansion on other nations. To make it clear, the main idea of capital expansion (read imperialism) should be described. Deeping into the history, Parenti in The dynamic of capital expansion states that the expansion as form of ruling was popular, e.g. Persian, Mongol, Roman, etc. empires functioned on the principle of imperialism. The development of the financial relations made it possible for the more powerful countries to spread capital expansion as a form of imperialism. Parent
Introduction The Cyprus Rose Valley Ventura Hotel’s case presents an opportunity for training and employee development. The intervention can improve employee reaction, provide opportunities for organizational learning, and change the behavior of the human resource department to achieve better results for the hotel. The location of the hotel is in the Mediterranean tourist market. Carrying the “Rose Valley” brand name as part of its name means that the hotel is supposed to offer excellent services to customers. Its loyal and new customers expect to get world-class services whenever they are staying at the hotel. This report reviews the hotel’s case study to highlight problems with its human resources that hinder it from delivering the expected high-quality customer care services, especially in its restaurant departments. The business/organization context and key issue The hotel has poor customer service at its Snack Shack and has to achieve appropriate employee training and motivation to address the situation. It also faces a problem of employee underperformance in the Paradise Cub Restaurant. The management needs to come up with ways of improving employee performance. Also, overall staff behavior is incongruent with the hotel’s vision. Some of the reasons are under training and a poor mix of skills and roles. The workers exhibit changing behavior towards other members of staff and the customers, with negative behavior affecting the reputation of the hotel. The hotel is facing a competitive threat as other hotels in the same target market are improving their offerings. At the same time, customers can compare offerings and service delivery standards of different hotels using various internet tools. Therefore, the Cyprus Rose Valley Ventura Hotel cannot afford to let its service delivery status continue to deteriorate. The negative remarks by guests about its staff and food, as well as overall services hurt the hotel’s brand and the overall “Rose Valley” brand. On the other hand, the hotel is facing a human resource problem. Its human resource department (HRD) needs to establish ways of cultivating employee relationships and ensuring that there is a collaborative team working on the management staff and supervisors. The hotel recently underwent a refurbishment to improve its main attractions. However, a similar upgrade has not occurred for its human resources and tensions in modes of operation, and work-related stress continues to affect employees, such that they are unable to offer optimal services to customers. There is a problem with the identification of guest needs. The hotel understands that it receives different kinds of guests in various periods. For example, in the high season, it gets families with children. However, the hotel continues to offer the same kind of services and follows similar protocols both during the high season when there are families with children and during low seasons when its customers are older couples or singles. Therefore, there is a mismatch in customer expectations and the services delivered. The identification of learning and employee development needs The hotel is facing a shortfall of revenue, despit
Forensic science is a branch of science that deals with classification, detection, verification and analyzing of material in trying to unravel the mysteries that often surround investigative cases. Police have, through time and experience gained insights into solving their cases more quickly, efficiently and accurately. Forensic science has helped unravel a myriad of cases while reducing the backlog of the same in investigative departments. This has also assisted the judicial department in providing evidence on key cases in which justice could have otherwise been averted. Another thing is that, wrong people were often being put behind bars in cases they every so often had nothing to do with. In some circumstances they even never knew about the cases. Therefore this paper will show how forensic investigative techniques are used in the prosecution of criminal cases and then explain how forensic science is better than traditional methods. Prosecutors and defense attorneys have in many instances drawn serious arguments using the evidence handed in by the investigative police; these materials mostly provide the blue print for these cases. The reason for this is because they give both parties (prosecutors and defense attorneys) a pivot-point with which to base their facts in the case. Forensic science has helped defense attorneys acquit innocent victims in delicate cases. These are cases in which the absence of forensic evidence, would have led to their being imprisoned or sometimes even hanged (Huck, 2003). The evolution of forensic science has been there since time immemorial, but through history there has not been a method used that is as good as Forensic D.N.A analysis. This process explores the distinctiveness of an individual’s DNA to answer forensic questions. At times, testing either paternity or maternity has placed suspects at their respective crime scenes. D.N.A testing has assisted prosecutors bring to book major criminals, murderous, and even smart thieves. Some of these lawbreakers hire the best defense lawyers so that their chances of being brought to book become very slim. Nevertheless, these attorneys, however smart cannot argue and win over cases in which all the forensic evidence point to their clients. This is especially in cases where the D.N.A evidence provided shows the link and sometimes the connection between the crime and the law breakers. In this case, forensics refers to the appliance of a broad spectrum of schools of thought to answer questions of significance to a legal structure. Forensic science is different and better than traditional methods because, traditional methods were mainly based on hearsay. This is in the sense that, the two aggrieved parties would be brought together side by side to explain their side of the incident. Any one of them with a logical explanation for or against the accusation leveled against him/her would be absolved of the charge. The result was that sometimes the accused ended up being the accuser, and
Introduction Managers play a significant role towards supporting the performance of their organizations. They make businesses successful through continued management and allocation of organizational resources. They undertake every managerial practice in their organizations to achieve the targeted objectives. According to Robbins and Coulter (2012, p. 64), “managers oversee and coordinate the activities of their employees in order to accomplish the targeted organizational goals”. Managers should always be ready to address the challenges and problems affecting their companies. Managers have many duties and roles depending on the nature and goals of their organizations. This paper analyzes the roles of a manager within every functional area of an organization. The Role of a Manager within the Functional Areas of a Business Managers have a role to play in every functional area of their respective businesses. Such roles are critical towards realizing every business goal. One of these functional areas is the Human Resource (HR). The HR department “handles different activities such as hiring employees, firing workers, and ensuring every person follows the company’s policies” (Feldman & Khademian, 2007, p. 308). Managers should provide the best leadership and administrative concepts to their HR departments. They should also support and mentor every HR manager. Managers also use this functional area to “take the best disciplinary measures and offer compensations for different activities” (Kraut, Pedigo, McKenna, and Dunnette, 2005, p. 124). Business managers present the best leadership practices in their organizations. Leadership is a critical aspect because it makes every employee successful. Managers use “various theoretical concepts to deal with the conflicts and challenges encountered by their employees” (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Managers should also be ready to train and mentor their employees. Some “managers will hire, train, and support new employees in order to remain productive” (Robbins & Coulter, 2012, p. 64). Such roles are critical towards the performance of every HR department. Accounting is another relevant functional area in an organization. This “functional area deals with the auditing, monitoring, and maintenance of every financial aspect of an organization” (Robbins & Coulter, 2012, p. 83). Some companies formulate new accounting units in order to achieve their goals. Such units “include managerial and financial accounting departments” (Feldman & Khademian, 2007, p. 312). Financial accounting “focuses on the examination and creation of financial documents such balance sheets and income statements” (Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Managers should always examine income statement and balance sheet before making the best business decisions. Managers also monitor the roles and goals of every accountant. Managers use the best leadership practices in order to empower their
Introduction The history of humankind needs to be remembered and passed to the next generations. Unfortunately, we cannot witness the events in the past. Luckily, however, we have evidence of the past events, which shows us exactly how things happened, what people looked like, and what the world was like long before us. While written facts do not always convey the whole truth and should be taken with a pinch of salt, there are ways of passing on the earlier happenings that do not seem unreliable. These ways of collecting and sharing information are video and audio records and photographs. They are valuable sources of peeping into the past and contemplating the things there. All the same, photography and recording data are used for keeping the present available for the next epochs. Cape Beaton is lucky to have a large number of collections in the archives, which have absorbed the sense of history and can be used to share the atmosphere of the past. These assortments include tapes, manuscripts, songs, stories, pictures, and many other items. I would like to describe the collection of photographs by the Abbass Studios Ltd. fonds because it made a particular impression on me. I believe that as well as the sound recordings transfer the audio atmosphere, the photos pass the visual environment of the past better than anything else. This opinion especially concerns the old pictures because people tended to be more sincere and they did not have an opportunity to take hundreds of pictures at a time. Unlike at present, in the past, the art of photography was much more time and money-consuming. Thus, pictures were taken less frequently but with more responsibility. Abbass Studios Ltd. considers its purpose to preserve the memories of the surrounding events for history. Moreover, after many decades of its activity, the Studios’ owners decided to donate a big part of their collection to the Beaton Institute archives so that as many people as possible could feel the sense of history by visiting the archives and observing the items. Summary of the Collection The Abbass Studios Ltd. fonds is a collection of photographs covering the span of seventy years. The pictures were taken by the studio owners, as well as by the employees. The selection includes 250,000 negatives. The approximate creation date of the collection is mentioned as 1940 – the year when the eldest of the Abbass brothers became interested in photography (Beaton Institute, 2016). The collection began to be deposited in the Beaton Institute archives in 2007. The first part of the presented items included “negatives, prints and copies of business indices” (Beaton Institute, 2016, par. 5). In 2014, the collection was enlarged by the school photography items. And, 2015 was noted as the year when portraiture items were added. The images portray various artistic, official, and commercial events of the region. The negatives are