ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Schizophrenia, in contrast to what many believe is not a multiple or split personality disorder. The term refers to the interference with the common contemplation and emotions. In fact, it is often regarded as an extreme brain disorder. Patients suffering from this brain condition construe things abnormally. It may result in diverse complications such as severe thinking conditions, delusions, hallucinations, and conduct. The purpose of this study is to demystify schizophrenia as is commonly known to individuals as a condition that threatens the lives and wellbeing of those around. Main Body Schizophrenia.com The website was founded in 1995 founded on an awareness of the disease. The web is an internet community that is dedicated to the provision of high-quality data, elucidation, and assistance to the kin, providers, and persons that have been impacted by the condition. The site does not have affiliations with the psychosomatically associated corporate. Instead, the website founders endeavor to offer steadfast and scientific revelations regarding schizophrenia. The founders of this site hold that schizophrenia is a condition that anybody can contract. Consequently, they urge that the public should seek information on how to handle individuals with the disease. Although they acknowledge that the condition is primarily irreversible, they urge scholars to research on the subject in pursuit of remedies for the condition (Chiko, 2014). Mayo clinic is another website that gives concentrated efforts towards demystifying the issue of schizophrenia. The website notes that schizophrenia is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment. It offers the visitors of the site information requisite for identifying the condition including the symptoms and any other related information. Schizophrenia is a persistent and disabling mental disorder that primarily occurs in the late years of teenagers and early mid-years. The condition is prevalent with the rate accumulating up to over one percent of the global population. The condition has profound repercussions on victims and relatives considering the far-reaching financial, social, and personal impacts of the condition. Persons suffering from schizophrenia have an increased possibility of being homeless and unemployed. In essence, schizophrenia costs the US accumulative baggage of more than $65 billion. Unfortunately, the precise etiology of the condition is yet to be determined. Epidemiology The beginning of schizophrenia signs primarily happens between late adolescent and mid-thirties. The victims of the condition before the age of 17 years are regarded as having an early start to schizophrenia while others below this age are considered as having very first occurrence of schizophrenia. Epidemiological r
Introduction Cases presented before legal authorities usually have various elements or components. This discussion will focus on several fundamental elements which include issues, facts and rules. Every case in the legal procedure must observe and apply these elements in the pursuit for justice. As a matter of fact, judges do not conclude cases before considering facts, issues and rules. The only exception is in the case of an appeal, where the judge may not require all the facts to conclude a case. However, rules and issues surrounding the case are mandatory. Courts use a hypothetical procedure in application of facts, rules and issues, known as IRAC. Difference Facts Facts are the main reasons that justify the presentation of a case in court. For example, in a typical court case, facts can be about accident or injury. The court requires facts to make sense and to be relevant to the case being conducted. Eventually, the court uses the facts to make its decision by ruling out impossible situations that do not have a logical connection to the case. In each case, realities are the key segments to all the steps in the IRAC method. In essence, issues are simply derivatives of the facts of a case. Likewise, it is from the facts that the court identifies the most suitable rules to apply. Utilizing the standards, the court recognizes the most pertinent path to translate its truths. Legal analysts usually require interpretation of the rules as well as the facts before making a conclusion. Issues Issues are components of the legal procedure which serve the purpose of defining the dispute that is presented before the court of law. The court does this by restructuring the facts and the rules into questions form. It makes reference to the rules that govern the country in which the case incident or the dispute occurred. By so doing, it identifies the specific element which contravenes the hypothetical court procedure. The issues must lead to adequate facts that can make them deterministic. Issues of one case can apply in future as references to similar disputes that involve similar legal facts and issues. Rules In an IRAC procedure, rules take the direction and the statement of the issue in the prevailing chaos. The rule is the section of an IRAC procedure which essentially states the rules of the country in which the dispute occurred, and is significant in making decisions on the issues stated. The rules enable the court to make the right legal analysis concerning issues being handled using the facts. The legal summary of rules analytically consolidates issues into relevant rules. Similarities Considering all the differences between the facts, rules and issues, it does not necessarily mean that they do not have any common feature. The three elements all make up the IRAC hypothetical legal procedure and are found in every case. In other words, each case must hypothetically have facts and issues, and
Introduction Despite being used interchangeably, the terms animal welfare and animal rights are different. One can state that the term animal rights refers to the privileges that animals should enjoy ( Welfare vs. Rights) . Scholars that support this school of thought argue that animals should have the same privileges as human beings ( Welfare vs. Rights) . On the other hand, animal welfare refers mainly to the human responsibility to ensure that all aspects of animal well-being are upheld ( Welfare vs. Rights ). This essay compares the two concepts in relation to animal research in medical science. Main body Apart from the definition, animal welfare is different from animal rights as it supports the ethical and responsible use of animals for the benefit of man ( Animal Research ). According to the Animal Research web page, animals are an essential part of medical research. Individuals that debate using animal rights are often against the use of animals for experimental biological studies. To convince them, I would mention some of the ground-breaking researches and studies that have been realized due to animal research. For instance, it is the use of cows in the search for a vaccine for smallpox that eradicated the disease ( Animal Testing and Research ). While comparing animal rights and welfare, one also has to consider the fact that animals cannot have the same rights as human beings as the former (animal rights) recommends. Man’s complex brain has ensured their position at the apex. Whereas human beings can reason and know what is right and wrong, animals depend purely on their instincts for survival. It is this reason that allows human beings to keep animals as pets. A person who suggests that animals should have similar rights to human beings should also not keep pets as it can be deemed ‘slavery’. Additionally, one can argue that supporters of animal rights should also be completely vegans. Whereas one can argue that animals cannot have the same rights as humans, it is important to also point out that animal welfare ensures that animals are treated well at all times. One can state that whereas animals do not have the same complex brain as humans, they can feel pain, love, and other emotions (1). The fact that animals have feelings creates an ethical conundrum in regard to medical research. However, animal welfare ensures that the animals used in medical studies are as comfortable as possible (Butterworth 13). Many of these animals do not suffer duri
Delivering professional health care is connected to a variety of factors, including political, social, bureaucratic, and financial issues. The same is true about health-care reforms. Nowadays, the American health-care system is operational and effective. Nevertheless, there are always issues that can be altered to make it even more efficient. For instance, employer-sponsored insurance offers a significant challenge. At present, workplace wellness programs are an extremely sensitive issue because the decision to employ or fire an individual may be connected to that person’s health status due to potentially increased insurance costs (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2017). In addition, only large companies—those employing more than 200 people—are obligated to sponsor health insurance (Pollitz & Rae, 2017). The central challenge connected to the current legislation is the fact that it potentially leads to decreased access to professional care. The proposed change will decrease the threshold for company-sponsored insurance. Under the requirements of the main proposal, companies employing more than 150 people will be obligated by law to provide their employees with health insurance. This proposal will impact only those companies that were not involved in this system, and other elements will not feel the change. While this reform is connected to increased corporate costs, it offers the benefit of reducing the financial burden on taxpayers—especially those who are obliged to pay for their insurance themselves. At the same time, it will potentially contribute to a reduction in governmental health-care costs due to increased health insurance premiums and the overall quantity of employer-sponsored insurance. Moreover, it is essential to state that the proposed novelty is connected to potential positive changes in people’s access to health care due to increased access to health insurance. This can be explained by the fact that the number of uninsured has been growing because of a decrease in employer support (Sultz & Young, 2014). With the anticipated increase in access to care, the potential influence on the health of the population is also positive. In the long term, this change will improve population health as it will facilitate the timely treatment of diseases and the prevention of complications. However, in order to implement this change and make it efficient, governmental support is essential. This can be explained by the fact that this novelty will increase the financial burden on companies. It is associated with potential changes in employment and industry. For instance, companies might be interested in cutting the number of staff. Therefore, guaranteeing discounts for employer-sponsored health insurance is a must in order to balance the situation. In conclusion, regardless of the potential challenges, the benefits of this novelty outweigh the related costs. This fact can be explained not only by the anticipated increased access to health care and improved health outcomes but also the fact that there is no need for additional training of staff—neither health professionals nor human r
Introduction Immigration is the movement by people from one country to another with the motive of permanent settlement in another country. Across boarder movements are majorly facilitated by unfavorable conditions in some countries as compared to others. This paper seeks to carry out an argument that strict measures should be adopted in order to counter illegal immigration. The paper will look into the negative impacts that are suffered by the host countries in order to form the ground on which illegal immigration must be stopped. Arguments for Control of Illegal Immigration Immigration has been a global factor on a variety of bases that range from family based immigration in which individuals move to join their relatives in other countries to humanitarian grounds which include cases of refugees. Most of the reported illegal immigration has majorly been based on social security which sums up to economic factors in different countries. This leads to higher flow of populations from developing countries to developed countries whose economies are perceived to be better. This direction of flow is associated with the hardships in countries of origin which drives the immigrants into seeking better lifestyles in economies that are recognized to offer better opportunities. One of the impacts of such immigration is the financial burden that is laid on the government in terms of making provisions for the immigrants. The basic responsibility of government to provide to its citizenry will be extended to the immigrants, which implies increased government spending. The economic strain is worsened if the immigrants are not productive to the economy. The United States of America has, for example, realized a large number of immigrants that calls for more than ten billion dollars in government expenditure with respect to social security on the immigrants. Though the immigrants at times contribute to the economy through their paid taxes, their contribution has not been sufficient to cover for their needs. The taxes that immigrants in the United States of America pay are for example reported to be way below their needs in the health care alone. An independent consideration of budget with respect to immigrants thus has a deficit that is then transmitted to the federal’s annual budget. The strain is further realized with respect to the emergency services that the immigrants are entitled to under government funding. This strain on the government resources that puts native citizens at risks of not getting such services due to scarcity thus calls for adequate measures to ensure that the number of immigrants is reduced (Meissner, Meyers, Papademetriou, Demetrios and Fix 1). The economic impacts as realized from immigration are similarly felt by individual legal citizens in a number of ways. The fact that the immigrants are mostly driven by economic factors is a disadvantage to the natives in terms of job competition. Their level of desperation together with remuneration rates in their native countries that enable the immigrants, especially on their arrival, to acce
In chapter 10 “Kant: The Need for Reason to Dominate,” Joel J. Kupperman has illustrated the role of human perception and believes in forming a reason or judgement. It is said that humans do follow the empirical approach to find answers for their queries, but even before finding the truth, their minds structure the truth. When a car is stopped suddenly, the driver can say that it stopped for no reason, but even without checking the engine, the passenger knows that there has to be a reason for its malfunctioning. It is because of the prior experiences or truths that the passenger has already structured about the truth before knowing the truth. The author uses Kant’s Method of reasoning to explain the human thought process. This method comprises of three critiques. The first is the Critique of Pure Reason . This explains that a human mind gathers all past facts and knowledge to build up a logical reason. The second is the Critique of Practical Reason which connects the effect of something with possible actions for it. The author explains in the chapter that all human desires are connected with actions to achieve, and that forms the basis of defining laws and principles. The third is the C ritique of Judgement , and that is another important aspect in forming human perception for truth. It links human experience and intuition, defining that humans’ personal interest, feelings, and imagination can alter the nature of their judgements. In the later part of the chapter, the author elaborates Kant’s concept of the noumenal and phenomenal world. Humans are aware of the phenomenal world, knowing that they are intelligent beings, and the truth is what can be seen or assessed. However, the unaware reality that truth is not separated from human senses and morality. It is not seen either accessible, but it is present and has a profound influence on all reasoning made in the phenomenal world. Works Cited Kupperman, Joel J., editor. “Kant: The Need for Reason to Dominate.” Theories of Human Nature, and, Human Nature: A Reader , Hackett Publishing, 2010, pp. 125–37.
A proposal is a significant part of every project as it contains essential information about the plan, strategy, and budget. In the proposal for plant service, the author clearly and coherently states the necessary objectives of the proposed project. However, there are some weaknesses concerning the proposal that should be noted in order to achieve an objective point of view. Proposal Overview Plants have a number of features that elevate mood, the well-being of clients and employees, and even set them on the fruitful creative collaboration. According to Courtier and Clarke (2012), “green color of the plant relaxes the mind and can be helpful in de-stressing people in the workplace” (p. 85). The beautiful, well-maintained plantscape would make the atmosphere in the office more productive, friendly, and supportive. The suggested proposal introduces methods, scheduling, and budget of possible planting of greenery of the Mason Office Building. Moreover, the author presents his qualifications and experience for 32 years in the interior plant maintenance business. The proposal seems to be quite appropriate and trustworthy as primarily comprises budget specification: installation cost, maintenance fee, and absence of additional charges. Capabilities and Qualifications of Personnel The author of the proposal emphasizes his experience, along with a BS degree in landscape design. In addition, he marks his employee’s qualification, but there is no definite information about it, whereas a high level of professionalism and efficiency of the staff, which is an integral part of quality service, plays a considerable role. Green Thumb’s providing plant service should use an integrated design approach to the plantscaping of office space in order to achieve the desired result. Fresh ideas and efficient decisions of specialists should contribute to the perfection of all projects without exception and, therefore, to customers’ trust. In my opinion, only plants of the highest quality from the best nurseries of the Netherlands and the best manufacturers in Europe. It allows for guaranteeing quality services. Maintenance Speaking of the maintenance of the plants, it would be better if there was a detailed specification of it. For example, constant monitoring and professional care, including watering, fertilizing, trimming, shaping, treatment, dust removal, and replenishment of soil-ground, are the basic plants care operations. Though no details are afforded. Moreover, it seems like maintenance once a week is not enough for sufficient care. Design Formula Furnishing the office with plants is half the battle. Some rules still need to be followed. Firstly, the size and number of plants should conform to the size of the cabinet. A small one would be enough of one large plant. Plants with large
The poor and deprived people in a country suffer the most due to environmental degradation. With the advent of industrialization and modernization, more and more villages are converted into towns, cities, forests are cleared, and trees are increasingly cut down for utilizing the land for the construction of industries and other uses. These clearing of forests have adversely affected the lives of poor people who depend on forests and forest products for their livelihood. Deforestations again lead to lack of rain, soil erosion and drought, which not only devastates the life of people but also adversely affects the overall progress and development of the country. Aveda Corporation is a company that is operational in the fields of esthiology, cosmetology, hair care products, perfume, cosmetics, and manufacturers of skincare. The head office is located in Blaine, Minnesota. It has several other offices including the institution of Aveda training centers in Washington, DC, New York City, and Minneapolis. Horst Rechelbacher was the founder of this company in 1978 and at present, it is a sister concern of Estée Lauder Companies Inc. Rechelbacher sold it to Estee Lauder for $300 million in 1997. (Canedy, 1997) Aveda Corporation was among the first companies that took environmentally sustainable policies and this is known as The Ceres Principles in the corporate world. The mission of the company is clear and pro-environment friendly. Dominique Conseil, the President of the company says, “ Aveda believes that authentic beauty works in harmony with the greater web of life. It does not qualify as beauty if it hurts any of the diverse life forms that the best beauty artist of all, Nature, created .” (Conseil, 2008). Thus, beauty is their product and it is operational in the context of a sustainable environmental system. The company launched an aerosol hairspray that is perfectly aligned with their mission statement as it was proved that this product has no effect on the environment and it has no polluting components. The VOC formula was at 35% and is regarded as an award-winning product. It is reported that each “ component, Ms. Myers said, must undergo ‘mood mapping,’ which tests its psychological effects ” (Steinhauer, 2000). Thus, it is obvious that the environmental practice of the company is extremely sound. From the point of view of environmentally engaged b
In the history of choices and the way in which they leave an indelible mark by which a person has judged the decision of betrayal made by Benedict Arnold has forever marked him in infamy as a traitor to the American Revolution and the measure by which future traitors are compared with (Evisum, 2000). Under the psychoanalytic theory of motivation Freud postulates that an individual’s actions or behavior are a direct result of their internal biological instincts; when combined with Freud’s theories on Id, Ego, Super Ego and the defense mechanism of the Ego one can assume that the actions of Benedict Arnold were a result of outside conditions reacting with inherent biological instincts resulting in his decision to betray the revolution. While history has marked him a traitor to America Benedict Arnold was actually a revolutionary hero before he became a traitor. His actions at the Battle of Valcour Island, the Battle of Ridgefield, and the Battle of Saratoga contributed immensely towards ensuring the survival of the revolution. Unfortunately, despi