ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cover Letter Introduction of Sponsor (Emirates Airline) and Rights Holder (National Football League – NFL) Founded in 1920, the National Football League (NFL) was initially known as the American Professional Football Federation. However, after merging with the American Football Federation, it adopted its current name – NFL (Klein, 2014). Today, the league is one of America’s most celebrated sporting events. It is comprised of 32 teams, which play for two leagues: the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference (Creamer, 2018). The NFL often undertakes a regular sporting league that spreads across 17 weeks of play (McAtee, 2018). About 16 games are played within this period and the first four teams from the National Football and American Football Conferences make it to the playoffs. These winners take part in a single-elimination game, which culminates in one of the most iconic football events in America – the Super Bowl (Bonsor, 2019). The first Super Bowl was held in 1966 and it has attracted huge national and global audiences since then (Bonsor, 2019). Emirates Airline is one of the Middle East’s most successful airlines. Based in Dubai, the company is owned by the UAE government (Emirates Media Center, 2019). Emirates Airline is the largest and most successful Middle East Carrier. It operates about 3,600 flights per week (The Emirates Group, 2017) and travels to more than 40 destinations around the world (Center for Aviation, 2019). Like other airlines in its category, Emirates offers its customers an array of services that include cabin catering, in-flight entertainment, ground services, lounges, and chauffeur services (Emirates Media Center, 2019). As part of a strategic plan to improve the profile of the NFL for businesses and customers, this strategic plan is designed to allow Emirates Airline to make cost-effective campaigns during the 2020 Super Bowl event. Identification of Strategic Objectives and Fit Emirates Airlines and the NFL are two separate organizations, with different goals and visions. Emirates Airline strives to increase its service networks across several markets in the world (Emirates Media Center, 2019), while the NFL aims to unite people and inspire communities through American football. The sponsorship opening with
In this essay, I will argue that apparitions of Our Lady of Fatima, and the following Miracle of the Sun, famous miracles that were officially declared worthy of faith by the Catholic Church should not be believed. In 1917 three young shepherd children from Fatima, Portugal witnessed few apparitions of Virgin Mary, who talked to them and shown them visions. The issue was widely spread, which lead to gathering a crowd of few tenth of thousands of believers near Fatima, who witnessed the other apparition that is referred to as the Miracle of the Sun. The major things I doubt, are that the children had seen anything miraculous at all; that what the children had actually seen was the image of the Lady, Jesus and other saints; that all the crowd that reported to see the Miracle of the Sun have physically seen something, and that all the crowd that witnessed the apparition have actually seen something of a miraculous nature. I doubt that the children had seen anything miraculous at all. In other words, they made everything up. Imagine, three young shepherd children (aged ten, nine and seven), from the deserted rural region in the Portuguese mountains in the second decade of the 20th-century. They have not a trace of a classical education. Probably, they can read a little bit. This assumption applies to Hume’s third statement. Tomka notes that in the middle of 20th-century “illiteracy was still wide-spread in Portugal (44%)” (Tomka 364). As a rule, the rural society is very religious, especially in the Southern Europe. So the children’s education, probably, was majorly based on religious values and texts. “Lucinda begins her description of her childhood by noting that the first thing she learned was the Hail Mary” (Bennet 102). All the children tend to have a vivid imagination that was evoked by the miracles described in The Holly Bible and during sermons in a local church. The boring deserted landscape that surrounded them, as well as sheep, was not much of an exciting company. So the three children made up a small game for themselves. They imagined angels, saints appearing, and the words they would tell them. If the children would read the fairytales and stories, they probably, would imagine elves and unicorns, but the primary source of supernatural and miraculous was the Bible, so the children imagined angels. A good argument for the fact that initially the apparitions were only a game, is that the oldest of them, Lúcia, who was considered a leader, ordered the others to keep everything in secret, but the youngest, Jacinta, got into the game too much and told her family about the apparitions as a truth. The reason why children did not tell everyone that it was only a game after the story was
Introduction The treatment of prostate cancer is normally accompanied by some undesirable side effects such as bowel and urinary incontinence, and most commonly, erectile dysfunction. According to Klein (2000), of all these any other side effects, it is the erectile dysfunction (ED) that is the most common and the one that bother’s most men because they fear that it may negatively interfere with their sex lives. Yeung, Escalante and Gagel (2009) observe that most of the post-prostate cancer treatment men fear that the treatment may not only significantly reduce the quality of their lives, but may also result in an increase in anxiety, depression and strains in their relationships with their partners. It is with such concerns that the issue of sexual treatment after prostate surgery has become meaningful and significant in the field of the psychology of sexuality. Even though the chances of these individuals developing sexual dysfunction after the treatment are high, it is not all lost for such patients because there are some forms of treatment that have been developed to help them regain their sexual functions. Background There is still no evidence that suggests that prostate cancer causes sexual dysfunction (Yarbro, Wujcik & Gobel, 2010) but several studies have revealed that the methods utilized in treating prostate cancer can actually lead to erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction may psychologically make it difficult for one to have intimacy even without penetrative sex, and this can in turn result in other negative effects. According to an article published by Bivins (2008), prostate cancer treatment methods including cryosurgery, removal of prostate gland by surgery, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy, combined with other determining factors during the recovery period all contribute to the chances of a post-prostate cancer treatment individual developing ED and sexual dysfunction. As noted by Suls, Davison and Kaplan (2010), some of the treatment methods have a higher chance of resulting to ED compared to the others. Statement of the issue While it is true that the treatment of prostate cancer affects sexual performance, there are several treatments available that could help affected couples get intimate, even without vaginal intercourse. Definition of terms Erectile Dysfunction: According to Melman and Newnham (2011), erectile dysfunction is the inability of the penis to erect even with stimulation. Sexual dysfunction: According to Mulhall (2009), sexual dysfunction is the inability to have sexual intimacy. Penetrative or vaginal sexual Intercourse: Mulhall (2010) defines penetrative sexual intercourse as intimacy which entails sexual contact between the female and male sexual organs. Literature review Melman and Newnham (2011) point out that before treating sexual dysfunction problems, it is first of all important to distinguish between the physically and psychologically causes of sexual dysfunction and that it is only from the psychological causes
Introduction Bipolar disorder, also known as the bipolar effective disorder has been identified as a psychological disorder that is characterized by episodes of mood swings, hyperactivity among other instabilities of a normal functioning body. Historically, the disorder was referred to as the manic depression disorder. The disorder is known to start exhibiting its traits at around the age of fifteen, but its full-blown syndrome exhibit themselves either at late adolescence or in early adulthood. Sometimes, those affected with this disorder can express levels of elevated moods where a person can have extra energy for a particular activity. Those who experience mania or hyper mania in cases where the levels of mood elevation are too high also suffer from periods of depressions that sometimes follow the periods of elevated moods. This instability in emotions make bipolar disorder to have divergent views as far as its recognition is concerned. It also leads to increased risks among those affected as the situations of mood swings, either to the hyperactivity or to the depressive states, leads to unstable decisions made by an actor. This indicates the severity of this disorder. Bipolar disorder has been classified into three categories, Bipolar disorder type I, Bipolar disorder type II and the final type of the disorder being the cyclothymia, a type that involves less severe mood swings. Those diagnosed with bipolar disorder type one are said to have suffered at least one major episode of depression. Due to this requirement for the definition of bipolar type I disorder, it was historically known as the manic depression. Those diagnosed with bipolar type II disorder are those who had never suffered from a full manic episode or depression. However, such persons are said to have experienced periods characterized with high energy levels as well as impulses that cannot be classified as severe as those experienced by type I patients. Cyclothymia on the other hand is mild in nature as it involves less severe mood swings. Those diagnosed with this disorder are characterized by alternating periods of hypomania and mild depression. Due to their mild nature, bipolar disorder type II cyclothymia can be confused to people suffering from depression. Literature Review Due to its severity, the confusion surrounding its identification, its misunderstanding in the society, lack of clear understanding of how it is acquired, its prevalence in the society among many other factors associated with the dise
According to May, Fessel, Samual and Means, violence is thought to be a suburban public school problem and a consequence of poverty and family dysfunction; however, he argues that stable schools across the country are experiencing violence even though the nature and extent is different in suburban and city schools (May, Fessel, Samual and Means 75-93). Teenage violence within school systems have been a growing concern for the education institutions, particularly suburban schools. Numerous studies have analyzed that in the US alone 36% of all discriminating or personal assaults and 40% of robberies that teenagers face take place when they are within the school vicinities. The only solution is the intervention of resource officers in these schools (Baker and Laurance 76). Violence escalates, Freeman has asserted that a way to prevent violence is for resource offices to get involved as guides and pathways to either prevent or define peaceful paths out of potential violent situations. This is why this study would evaluate the resource officer in controlling the violence (Freeman 112). Finn explained that there were certain sections of schools, for example, locker rooms and toilets, where students faced more violence than in other sections and hence these sections needed the thorough and strict administration of the resource officers, for example, school corridors and playground (Finn 1-7). Suburban schools in particular are the focus of this study as numerous researchers reveal certain characteristics of violent teenagers like low-income groups, students suffering from family dysfunctions, psychological strains, etc are found more commonly in suburban setting. However the problem is not restricted within this context as many stable schools are also facing problems with crimes being committed by teenagers. However the extension and variation of violence in suburban schools is very different from other schools as a study by the National League of Cities of 700 communities reports that more than 50% of students within suburban school setups believed that the violence rates within their schools are increasing; the same study also reports that more than 30% suburban schools have experienced a significant increase in violence in half a decade (Baker and Laurance 132). Violence, as aforementioned, generally stems from a certain group of teenagers who act out towards their peers within school grounds. The earlier defined environment for schools being safe havens for children no longer exists as the more and more parents now fear that their children are exposed to different categories of violence within schools grounds. This rising concern amongst parents has led many administrators to try and figure out a strategy that could be helpful not only in the short term. Gang violence and racist crimes have plagued schools for years w
Written by William Shakespeare, Tempest is a poem that exhibits the intriguing features of humankind. The poem is set on an island and it explores the characters by giving them a chance to experiment the human nature. Through the island, Shakespeare is able to describe the themes of power while Prospero explores his leadership skills. On the other hand, the poem the rape of the lock by Alexander Pope ridicules the habits of the upper-class people. Shakespeare uses the island to experiment human qualities of different characters in his poetry. For instance, when Prospero’s brother is forcefully evicted from kingship, he moves to the island, which is like a testing ground for him and Shakespeare uses the island to promote the theme of power. While on the island, Prospero eventually dominates all the other people on the ship yet his brother had taken his kingship away during his reign in Milan. Shakespeare seems to nurture both the negative and positive qualities of human nature. Intellectually, Shakespeare uses the events at the island to explore betrayal that exists among kingdoms and rulers on earth. Through the poem/island, Shakespeare highlights the observations he has made in most kingdoms. Shakespeare uses the island to provide the failures of human leadership whereby, throughout his life he has seen betrayal/fights among the royal classes. Furthermore, Shakespeare describes the sexuality and abuse of humanity that goes on in many kingdoms; for instance, Caliban has not only attempted to seduce Miranda, a young girl, but also tried to rape her. Through the author’s voice, the reader is able to condemn the evil or betrayal of human beings in the society. Additionally, using the island to symbolize the kingdom, the author provides conspiracy that occurs in most kingdoms because Antonio and Sebastian plot to kill Prospero yet he is the ruler/owner of the island. Therefore, Shakespeare not only uses the island as a kingdom to explore his themes, but also to nurture and reveal the characters of different people, which exists in the world. Prospero is Shakespeare’s principal character who runs for his life after his brother attempts to eliminate him and take over the kingdom (Langbaum 20). Finally, he settles in the island and calls all people to board a ship. He invites people of all classes to live with him in the island ranging from servants/maids to royal class. Therefore, the island is a testing ground, which gives him an opportunity to learn, nurture, and provide his leadership skills that his brother overlooked. While in the island, he uses his magical power to rock a ship, which has boarded many people. Thus, through the island he manipulates the psychology of other people to emerge as the leader (king). While on the island, he cultures his genuine qualities as a leader. Moreover, his godly like character while on the island leaves the reader to categorize his behavior as a human leader because although he and powers to stop his brother’s hostility, he leaves him to take over, and decides to move to unknown island. In addition, while in
Different Roles and Responsibilities in the Series In the series Buffy the vampire slayer, definition of sex and gender is also evidenced by the roles and responsibilities that men and women have in the society. The series dramatizes that men and women in the society have distinctive roles and responsibilities that define them. However, young women feel aggrieved oppressed and are struggling for independence and powerful ambitions. According to the writer, some articles describe gender by the look of a person’s body; a good example is when referring to Buffy’s spectacular body looks and Gellar’s breasts. The media portrays women as overwhelmed, having beautiful body, feminine and always in strangle for empowerment. Men are portrayed by the media as having ego, domineering, bossy and always looking for submissiveness from the female. Feminists regard gazing as a proclamation of power between the gazer and the one being gazed as an unequal one. In most of the cases patriarchy plays a role when women are seen as to have passive gazes to the active gaze of men. Women in the Media There is indeed unequal representation of gender and sex by the media. This is evidenced when the media focuses on sexuality of the female body and does not focus on male bodies. The writer notes that the mass media covet and cultivate a particular type of female body for their messages just like the American media used Buffs body. On the hand men are portrayed with masculinity and heroic they are seen to be very demanding and egocentric and are disturbed by independent minded women. Girls are equally good as boys, Buffy being a young prom queen girl was able to relinquish here former self to being self aware, reliant, competent, and independence precisely what is being offered to women. The writer also notes that strong female characters with unique powers tend to spear head struggles and reject dependency from men. However, men heroism can be put to test by the fact that Angel, Buffy’s lover when restored does nothing expect rushing Buffy to the emergency room waiting for some one to save her life. Week 7: Resistance Comedy has been I identified as media source that tells the truth where it is not present. It is this reason that Jon Stewart nightly broad cast news on the daily show that has most viewers because it offers a glimpse of realistic news and informs its citizenry while giving a touch stone of sanitary. Blog pages, cross fire episodes, Jon Stewart nightly broad cast, online streaming and YouTube are some of the forms of media that are mobilized to break information. In 2004, Jon Stewart media story was top cited in one of the blog sphere while
Introduction In Criminal studies, the concept of psychological observations is given concentration to understand the etiology of crime related behavior and to improve intervention programs. This is to eliminate unrest and social crime from the society. Battering is one such domestic crime prevalent across the globe, where studies on intervention programs observed the recidivism of criminal behavior after some time. Many studies identified recidivism, either after short time or after longtime. The current study tries to identify what makes the interventions for battering successful or fail in the light of literature. Significance of the study There is an increasing concern towards prevalence and consequences of domestic violence with considerable debate on the effectiveness of interventions that in turn depend on the origins of battering. During the previous years, many research studies concentrated much on the cause and effect of the battering and the probable interventions under particular conditions. However, the most out coming question from such findings to the psychological studies is to further analyze the effectiveness of the interventions. Therefore, it is important to study the evaluation of such interventions for battering even up to the level of examining the evaluation tools. Need of the Study Though treatment for partner aggression is off many folds as do the intervention, the reasons for the reappearance of battering are still non predictable and non controllable. Many interventions are gender oriented and are not balanced to manage the partner aggression. In addition, the right kind of intervention for a particular kind of seriousness is still not known concerning battering. Type of approach The current study proposes to observe “The effectiveness of interventions on men who batter” by way of hybrid method including both qualitative literature review and quantitative methods to understand the cause and effect of the problem and to identify the particulars about effectiveness of intervention. Purpose of the study The study proposes to identify the effective interventions on men who batter, basing on the criteria that battering involves two people, where as intervention is given to single person, assuming its need for only one Gender role. Treatments for partner aggression generally follow a psycho educational format informed by feminist and or cognitive-behavioral conceptualizations of violence and delivered in men only group formats (Mederos, 2002) as cited in Erica M. Woodin & Daniel. As such interventions are purely biased, the current study proposes to consider the interventions where both are involved. The authors Holtzworth-Munroe and