ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction China is the world’s most populated country where thousands of people are migrating from villages to cities in search of a better job and life. The rapid transition of Chinese society from a rural agricultural based society to an urban industry-based society has taken a toll on the social and cultural life of the country. Internal migration to the urban areas has resulted in an immense population pressure in the industrialized urban areas, leaving only the older generation to take care of the agricultural land in the villages. Last Train Home is an 80-minute documentary about the social and living condition of these Chinese migrants (Fan 2009). The film presents a well-documented study of the life of a migrant worker and the social problems the families from rural areas face in present day China. It is set in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province of China and a village in Sichuan Province almost 2100 kilometer away. This essay will review the film and discuss the various social problems that migrant workers face at work as well as at home. Last Train Home: Summary The film follows Zhang and Chen, two migrant workers in Guangzhou and their painful journey home during the Chinese New Year. The movie spans a period of three years. Director, Lixin Xan strikingly captures the inside story of a migrant’s life. The movie begins with an alarming picture of the masses trying to board a train that was already crowded and then moves on to show the life of the protagonists. It begins in 2006, just before the holiday season when the couple were trying to go home from the city. The film shows that they had chosen to leave their children back in the village under the care of the elderly grandmother and go to the city for work. Poverty had forced them to migrate from their village to migrate and now they wanted to work hard, even when they lived in dingy apartments and had a heavy workload, and provide the best education and future for their children. The dream of a better future, financial security in old age, and stability for their children motivates these workers to toil endlessly in the inhuman conditions of the city. The movie then focuses on the couple’s disillusioned teenage daughter who decides to leave the village to work in the city against the wishes of her parents. This creates a disagreement between the parents and the child that ultimately lead to their estrangement. The documentary finally ends with the beginning of another journey when Chen decides to leave her job and return to the village to take care of her younger boy. The social issues that have been shown in the documentary are living condition of migrant workers in cities, the growing gap between the children and their absentee parents, and the change in the position of women in Chinese society. Living Condition of Migrant Workers Living condition of the migrants in the cities is bad. They live in derelict apartments, with no basic amenities and supplies. These workers are migrants from far off villages who were internally displaced due to destitution.
Crucial Success Factors for a Perfumery The success of the international fragrance companies is highly dependent on the effective marketing, research of customers’ preferences, and high-quality promotion program (Matherly, Nandialath, and Richards 5). The companies should focus their attention on the constant development of the product and extension of lines. SWOT analysis for Ajmal Perfumes To get a better understanding regarding the effectiveness and success of Ajmal Perfumes, the organization should be analyzed by SWOT. SWOT examines the companies from four different perspectives, namely strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It provides vital information for evaluation of the company’s effectiveness and success. Ajmal Perfumes is the family business based company that originally was functioning in India. As a matter of fact, the company is one of the leading in the perfumery industry in the United Arab Emirates (Matherly, Nandialath, and Richards 8). The major strength of the company is that it is focused not only on manufacturing perfumes but soaps, lotions, and oils as well. The brand is represented internationally. The company aims to find a balance between traditions and innovations. Ajmal Perfumes is versatile enough to satisfy every consumer. The ability to combine captivating scents of the Eastern World with modernity is the reason the majority of consumers prefers particularly this company over other famous brands. The major weakness of Ajmal Perfumes is that the target customers group of the bran
It is always a great idea to work in tandem with other people as opposed to working alone. The old adage, two heads are better than one is true all the time. If it is better to work with a partner then surely it is highly recommended to work as a team. It is a documented fact that teamwork enables a group of individuals to accomplish more than a person working alone. Working with a team makes it possible to increase productivity, share the burden of the workload, generate better ideas, and the combination of talents can produce amazing results. But aside from working with a team, the next important thing to learn is how to manage a team to increase the efficiency of everyone involved. Thus, teamwork plus good leadership equals amazing results. The Team In an organization setting or in a highly competitive industry there is no better way to tackle problems and to accomplish tasks other than to do it with a team (Cavaleri, 2005, p.5). There are so many things that have to be completed within a certain time frame and there are so many bases to cover that it is impossible for an individual to handle all the work. One of the consequences of working alone is poor performance and the possibility of a burn out. Michael West in his book, Effective Teamwork lists some of the reasons why it would be better to work with a group and he listed the advantages as: a) enable efficient learning; b) saves precious time; c) innovative solutions can be formulated; d) lower stress levels; and e) thus, more work is accomplished (West, 2004, p.7). One can also add other benefits such as cooperation, sharing of resources and the power unleashed in combining different types of talents and skills. Team work is important because even with the help of cutting-edge technology no one has solved the physical challenge of being in two places at the same time (Thierauf, 2001, p.10). For example, in performing a certain task, someone has to be in one place doing the documentation while another person has to go somewhere to deal with another component of the said project. Using sports analogies the value of team work is easily understood. Leadership It has to be made clear that team work does not mean that team members has to lose their identity as they submit to a dominant personality. A good team leader understands that true team work is all about collaboration. A good team leader knows how to derive the best solutions based on the ideas contributed by the team. According to Stanford University’s Graduate School for Business, “…teams encompassing at least two separate points of view on a particular question make better decisions because the pressure of the minority forces the majority to think more complexly and consider diverse evidence” (Silicon Valley Business Journal, 2004, p.1). It is also impo
Introduction The purpose of this report is to define key problems and critical issues of easyJet, discuss McKinsey’s 7S framework, analyse driving forces, external environment and the position of the company comparing with competitors. Key Problems and Critical Issues This company has to consider both internal and external problems, for instance, the management of this company faced challenges to control internal management system and implement a strategic plan like motivate the employees, changed the status from private to public, use subcontractors, maintain a relationship with directors and customers. However, a reporter Sunday Times investigated availability of its low fares and stated that easyJet theoretically asked low price, but practically the customers have to pay more while the price of the services depends on many factors including time factors (earlier flight was much more expensive), taxation policy, unrealistic decision of the management and so on. SWOT Analysis Strengths                                                                                                                                 Weaknesses                                                                          * Strong brand image in the airline industry;                                                                                                                                                                               * It has enough financial capability to expand business in a new route;
The cancer of the early blood-forming cells that develop in the bone marrow is termed leukemia. This is a cancer of the white blood cells in general, but it can also involve another blood cell. The causes include several environmental, genetic, and infections risk factors. This paper briefly discusses the environmental risk factors involved in acute lymphocytic or acute myelogenous leukemia. In order to find the etiology of the disease, there are several epidemiologic studies conducted all over the world. According to a study conducted by Belson, et al. (2007) only one environmental risk factor (ionizing radiation) is linked with either acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). This study also took into consideration other environmental risk factors such as electromagnetic fields, nonionizing radiation, hydrocarbons, pesticides, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and illicit drug use. They found that these actors have been weakly or inconsistently linked with both the form of childhood leukemia. In general, this cancer results from the damage done to DNA by an external factor particularly radiation that results in uncontrolled cellular growth and spread throughout the body. Ionizing radiation has been reported as the major environmental factor responsible for childhood leukemia by a number of researchers such as Mahoney et al. (2004), Ron (1998), and Sali et al. (1996). The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (1994) has also confirmed this fact. However, the amount of radiation exposure or the dose, the duration of exposure, and the age of the individual determine the magnitude of the risk (Belson, et al., 2007).
In order to envision desired changes with my behavior, skills, and identity in the future, it is essential to analyze who I am as a person today. This allows me to ascertain how far away I am from reaching certain goals and whether the time estimates hypothesized by me of acquiring them are realistic. The ability to reflect on the past and present is integral to understanding any form of progress, which is an especially complex ordeal when it comes to tracking development of an individual. As such, I have outlined seven particular fundamental skills, behaviors, or changes I would like to focus on in the near future. The seven selected changes include the ability to manage my time efficiently, to build and maintain habits, to consult and support ethical beliefs through my actions, improve my communication, adaptability, self-confidence and the aptitude to react calmly to anxieties of the future. I believe that I possess a number of these skills already, but need further development in order for them
Plato’s Euthyphro is a dialogue that poses the issue of right and wrong, and what makes an action be termed as right or wrong. The conversation between Euthyphro and Socrates leads to a dilemma. It becomes unclear to Euthyphro whether righteousness or holiness is ultimately defined by God, or whether God loves righteousness because it is good. This relates to Creel’s argument of “Perfect being Ethics” in his discussion of divine command ethics. Creel brings up an argument that God decides whether an action is right or wrong. He suggests that understanding “Perfect being Ethics” would require one to imagine how a perfect human being would act. Creel suggests that this offers alternatives, such as understanding the nature of God through studying the Bible, but another approach tries to compare what several religious scripts define as divine. Therefore, the approaches posed by the issue of “Perfect being Ethics” would need more elaboration to the understanding of God as a perfect being. This overcomes the self-contradictions brought about by those approaches. The Euthyphro dilemma The Euthyphro dilemma refers to the state Euthyphro found himself in after the conversation with Socrates, whereby it was difficult to decide whether God loves holiness because it is holy or whether holiness is holy because God loves it. Euthyphro believed that God ultimately defined holiness. He said that pious was pious because God loved it. Meanwhile, Socrates engaged him in a dialogue, which involved breaking down the matter in simple terms and allowed Euthyphro to decide what seemed right. The dialogue narrows down to two options. If pious is pious because it is as it is, then it is not determined by the subject in question. In this case, God deems to be pious because He decides it to be so, and piety becomes arbitrary. This is because, God can choose whatever is right, irrespective of the acceptable standards of ethics. This is a dilemma that faced Euthyphro and faces the believers of monotheism today. A personal response to Euthyphro’s dilemma Indeed, there is divinity, which we all cannot ignore. There is a divine power far beyond us all. God is perfect and according to the biblical scriptures, all He does is holy. The monotheists believe that God decides everything that is in place. I also believe that God made man in his image, so humans as well were supposed to be a perfect beings. However, after the fall of man in sin, as recorded in biblical scriptures, people lost the opportunity to maintain the state of ‘perfect being’. Before that, what pious was pious because God decided so. For instance, according to the Bible, the man was commanded not to eat the forbidden fruit. Eating fruit is not necessarily wrong. Yet the command was not to eat the fruit, and this was solely decided by God, which makes the argument of pious being pious because God says so, true in this case. God
In line with Chijioke (2007) As an organization mainly considered as an African Private Sector, Econet is a telecommunication industry offering wireless technology services and products concerning the key areas relating to the mobile and fixed telephony industry, internet data transfer and satellite communication in nine different countries globally. The group has its headquarters in South Africa. The other operational offices are in Botswana, Burundi, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Zimbabwe New Zealand and United Kingdom. The systems in various countries are fully stand-alones with management of individual broadband at the local scenes of each country. The parent of the Econet is Essar Communication Holdings with 49% sares. In Africa, the most dominant business and economic characteristics of mobile telephony are mainly internet services, data streaming or exchange services, transaction systems and sale of mobile handsets. Other services include the old system of landline telephony services. Entry into the mobile telephony business is not an easy one as there are many barriers encountered by investors. These barriers could be government policies barriers such as monopoly over telecommunication services or long procedures involved in acquiring license to operate from most of the African governments. The financial barriers also hinder prospective investors from entering new markets and compete with already established companies in these markets niche. Another major barrier to the entry into the market is opinionated interference by the political elite in the host government so as to safeguard their interest in the industry i.e. some prominent government official are shareholder in some telecommunication companies and so they will never welcome new players in the market with open hands. Their wish is for monopolization to enjoy better profit margins for their investments. One cannot put aside the poor telecommunication infrastructure backbone in most African countries among the barriers, as this would mean telecommunication companies would need to put various resources in order to have proper network coverage. Earlier on, strategic group map of telephony market in Africa was poor and no companies had invested in communication as these industries faced monopoly. Later on, with the modernization of telecommunication facilities and new technologies such as the recent implementation of the fibre optic cable to link Africa to Middle East, more players have shown interest in this sector. This has attracted more companies into the market making services and goods competitive, affordable, reliant and fast. It can now be said that, strategic group map of telephony in Africa is growing rapidly and becoming populated with communication services that are more mobile oriented coming in through the various service providers. According to my personal opinion, the strategic groups, which are enjoying favourable positions, are those that took an early advantage of the emerging market in Africa and as a result, these companies have cut themselves a good share of the market in
Resource allocation and multi-project scheduling are essential for the efficient functionality of many companies. The distinctive feature of the modern business world is multi-tasking. A variety of projects and tasks are executed at the same time due to the need to meet all requirements, deadlines and satisfy growing demands. There are cases when available resources are not enough for a particular task. Consequently, there is a need for proper time management and division of resources. In the following paper, the efficiency of heuristics approaches for multi-project scheduling and resource allocation will be evaluated and analyzed. As it has been already mention, there are situations when the availability of necessary resources is limited. As a result, the decision-making process should focus on the proper organization of resources. Besides, many companies work on several projects simultaneously. It means that the scarcity of resources is even more pressing. When such a situation occurs, one may observe the example of the need for multi-project scheduling and resource allocation. Resource allocation is the proper division of labor force and technological resources. Taking into consideration the constraints of resources, project managers mostly refer to heuristic methods as the most effective for multi-project scheduling (Lova and Tormos 263). Heuristic methods stand for attainable and optional solutions for particular problems. The basis for heuristic methods is clear — conduct the most urgent tasks first. There are various types of heuristic methods as far as their implementation and efficiency may vary depending on th
Introduction In an organization, employees experience a number of challenges that relate to their level of motivation and performance. These challenges include poor working relationships between junior and senior staff, deprived working conditions, meager salaries and wages, as well as different needs of employees. These challenges result in poor performance as employees fail to meet the set targets and expectations of the organization. Lawler (1999) argues that, when employees fail to meet organizational expectations, it implies that there is a significant reduction in productivity, which is likely to cripple its activities and processes. To prevent impending crises, an organization have to spend most of its time resolving issues of employees in aspects such as time management, underperformance, cooperation, and strikes instead of using the invaluable time in enhancing organizational productivity of employees. Hence, the purpose of this essay is to examine the effect of generational conflicts and motivation levels among junior and senior sailors in the navy. Generational Conflicts In the naval organization, managers are experiencing challenges in addressing generational differences among employees. The challenges emerge because managers have not understood diverse needs of young and old sailors. For instance, many young sailors like technology, teamwork, immediate feedbacks, and are competitive, whereas old workers like standard and routine methods of operations. The major challenge facing the organization is the friction created by the different perspectives and points of view due to diversity of generational demographics (Lindner, 1998). Since the organization is unable to address the requirements of the new generation effectively, it has continued with its conventional methods of operations and management; hence, demoralize the young workers and make them lose the zeal in their work. Additionally, many young workers are reluctant to participate in the organization’s operations because they perceive them as outdated. The organization has not effectively recognized the generational differences that exist among sailors. Therefore, the organization has not mentored young sailors well as a way of incorporating them into the organization to inject fresh ideas and opinions. Incorporation of new ideas and opinions from young sailors would enhance the organization to promote the level of motivation, and thus, boost the productivity of young sailors. In addition, old sailors are not prepared to adopt fresh ideas from young sailors because they believe that they do not have any relevant experience. The unwillingness of old sailors to listen to new and fresh ideas from young sailors has made young sailors feel inferior, as they believe that
Oxford school is one of the greatest centers for classical philosophy. The relationship between faith and the natural world was widely examined in this school. Most of the fundamental philosophical beliefs were espoused in the daily lives and operations of its alumni. The actions of Thomas Bradwardine and many other alumni from the Oxford School provided a clear picture of these philosophical beliefs. The philosophy portrayed the incidence of the Black Death. This is notable within its major disseminations. The general belief was that human beings played a critical role in the linkage between faith and the natural world. In this perception, the school accepted the fundamental fact that God prevails as the absolute being. According to the philosophy, the infinity of God remains a crucial factor. Particularly, they were arguments that emphasized the importance of infinity in strengthening human faith and peaceful coexistence. Generally, the existence of the natural world reflected God’s understanding and infinite nature. Bradwardine echoed the sentiments that humankind has no authority to question God’s actions. However, according to their philosophical convictions, the mortal being must understand and practice the act of faith. As specified by this philosophy, this initiative was is crucial. This is because it helps man to endure and bless the actions commissioned by God. However, the significance of the philosophy is that it appreciated and emphasized the rational capacity of the human kind. Rationality could enable human beings to examine and understand the dynamics of the natural world. It is also imperative to note that the vagueness of the space and the rest of the world played a significant role in the Oxford school. The philosophy also indicated that other planets similar to the earth existed under the protection of God.