ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a support informed modular tactic for helping children, teenagers, grownups and families in the instantaneous aftermath of calamity and terrorism. The assigned Psychological first aid core action that will be discussed in this paper is the connection with social support. Connection with social support is defined as relations within and amongst social networks. It refers to the degree in which an individual is linked with social network. Family attachments, colleagues and associations in clubs and corporations contribute to social support. Connection with social support is constantly associated with bodily health outcomes such as death and diseases (Tehran, 2010). Social interactions have some usefulness. The core action of connection with social support brings to light the importance of social support and the role of teamwork and confidence to achieve collective results in times of a crisis. Connection with social support is a product of social relations. It comprises the anticipative benefits obtained from the collaboration between persons and groups. The primary goal associated with this core action is that it helps in the development of brief continuing contacts with primary support individuals including family members and acquaintances. It also helps to look for other support sources (Morgan, 2002). Discussion Response Practices Connection with social support is a significant core action. It is vital to many people who are concerned with physical and psychological health. This involves instances such as mortality and depression. Social support assists people to deal with stressful occurrences. It also sustains the victims well being in the absence of traumas. It is thus a part of an adaptive individuality profile all through an individual’s life. Social support grows in cycle with adaptive individual features including low enmity, low neuroticism, high hopefulness and survival skills. Specialized psychologists who are familiar with this core action are usually implored to deal with a wide range of crises and hurtful events. The connection between acute happenings and poor psychological and bodily health is weaker for victims with maximum social support than for those with minimal social support. This weak connection between trauma and health for individuals with maximum social support is regularly understood to mean that social support has self-guarded individuals against stress (Tehran, 2010). An example of a trauma An example of trauma which I am familiar with in relatio
Introduction At the end of the nineteenth century, the foreign policy of the United States underwent considerable change. Being one of the most powerful countries at that moment, the USA had to expand its territory and therefore the government took the course, which is often called imperialism. This term can be defined as a superior attitude towards less developed countries. This is the first meaning of this word and the second is the development of the country as to be means of expanding its territory. Main body It stands to reason, that there were both supporters and opponents of this policy. Among the supporters of this policy, there were such prominent people of the then-American society as Theodore Roosevelt and President William McKinley. The arguments that this side presented were the following: first and foremost, the US had to win the palm of supremacy in the East and it could not be done without expanding the territory of the country. As Theodore Roosevelt said “We cannot sit huddled within our own borders and avow ourselves merely an assemblage of well-to-do hucksters who care nothing for what happens beyond. Such a policy would defeat even its own end” (Roosevelt, 147). Naturally, his arguments appear to be quite weighty. Moreover, the supporters of colonial policy were quite sure that the United States would bring freedom and democracy to the so-called ‘third world countries”, as President McKinley remarked:” there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them”. (Jeffrey S., 98). The statement that President McKinley made seems a little bit artificial because the primary concern of the US government was not the benefit of the Filipinos. As far as the opponents of this policy are concerned, this side advanced the following arguments; according to them, this course of action was aimed at subduing people from other countries, but not to free them. It eventually turned American soldiers into conquerors. As Mark Twain wrote: “I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. We have gone there to conquer, not to redeem’’ (Bernard Semmel, 77). According to him, the United States should leave the people of the Philippines alone and let them deal with their problems on their own. The second argument is that imperialism inevitably leads to ceaseless bloodshed. The opponents of imperialism believed that this game was hardly worth the candle. From their point of view, the lives of American soldiers could not be sacrificed. Besides, the soldiers, themselves, could not understand, what is the purpose of the campaign in the Philippines. For example, one of the American soldiers wrote to his family the following:” I am not afraid and am always ready to do my duty, but I would like someone to tell me what we are fighting for’’ (Lewis Feuer, 110). Conclusion In conclusion, having weighed up all the arguments,
Introduction Nash equilibrium is a challenge that has acquired many increasing applications in both the internet and economics. It is evident from the internet that it is hard to count all the Nash equilibrium of a two player game. This is so even if the entry of the matrix is 0 or even 1. Nevertheless, the complexity which is involved in finding the Nash equilibrium is open and has been actually opposed as one of the most significant wide open problems in the complexity theory today. There is a new polynomial reduction given in finding the Nash equilibrium in the general bi-matrix games in finding Nash equilibrium in the games where all the playoffs are either 1 or 0 (Kim, 2004). Once a given problem is shown intractable in the in complexity theory, the research for the same shifts towards the directions of polynomial algorithms for approximation or modest goals and the exponential bounds which are lower for the restricted algorithm classes. We however conclude that Nash algorithm is a concept of solution of a game that involves two or more players in it, where by assumption has been made that every player understands the strategies of the equilibrium for the players and that not even one player has a thing to gain by altering his own strategies unilaterally (Kim, 2000). Algorithm for the Nash equilibrium In calculating the Algorithm for Nash equilibrium, we give out a common algorithm for calculating the Nash equilibrium of the bi-matrix game within an exponential time. The calculation relies on the proposition that; given the existence of a Nash equilibrium with the supports S1 = Supp (x) and S2 = Supp (y), there will be a polynomial time of the algorithm in order to compute a Nash equilibrium with the definite supports stated. In the question, we will calculate the Nash equilibrium as follows: Let S i 1 be the i th row of S1, and S j 2 be the j th column of S2 We then solve the linear program based on the 2n + 3 variables: The variables: a, b ≥ 0, U, V, ᵟ The solution is then shown to the given conditions in a Nash equilibrium having the supports (S1, S2). The set of the constraints demands that the probabilities a i be non-negative and add up to one. They should also be 0 outside the required support with at least ᵟ within the desired support (Freund, 2006). The following charts show the Nash Equilibrium tables. The steps I used in calculating the Nash equilibrium.   * I examined the payoff matrix and determine what payoffs belong to whom   * I determined each player’s best response in all other actions of the other players, this process is done to all other players   * The Nash equilibrium hence exists where each player’s best response is similar to the other player’s best response For instance Step one                Cooperate        Non cooperate Cooperate      2000(B) 1500(A)  4000(B) 50(A) Non Cooperate  100(B) 2000(A)   101(B) 60(A)   Step two                Cooperate        Non cooperate Cooperate      2000(B) 1500(A)  4000(B) 50(A) Non Cooperate  100(B) (2000)    101(B) (60)    Step three                Cooperate        Non cooperate Cooperate
Introduction Islam is one of the wide spread religions especially in the Asian world. However, the teachings endorsed in the Quran and other religious books in the Islamic culture culminate into the oppression of women especially in issues dealing with taking up of leadership roles. Although some Islamic scholars criticize the teachings, most Islamic women condemn women rulers branding them ‘dissidents’. Fatima Mernissi, a famous scholar in the Arab world skillfully interprets the laws governing women’s leadership in the Islamic culture. Mernissi Mernissi sets out to inquire about her people’s view on women as Muslim leaders. She encounters three men, a grocer, a customer and a schoolteacher. All of the three fall in shock when she asks about women being leaders. Although one of the men is literate (schoolteacher), he gives her a Hadith, a Quran counterpart (Al-Bukhari and Al-Sahih 226). Furthermore, he tells her to understand it to avoid attracting a curse on the land for the Hadith condemns women leadership (Mernissi 1). Full of disappointment, Mernissi leaves the market with urge to go through the holy book to investigate its authenticity. On the other hand, she thinks about the constitution of her country (Morocco). The constitution grants women the right to vote and take up office. However, during elections very few women ever become parliamentarians. Ironically, about 50% of the voters are women but they refrain from taking up the offices due to the misunderstanding of the holy books and fear of rejection from the society especially men who are against women leaders. Origin of Hadith and its effect to Islamic culture The Hadith and Quran are large books with enormous volumes, one of the factors that discourage people from reading them. However, Mernissi finds out that the teachings in the Hadith as the main source of oppression to women. The book asserts that any society, which empowers women, ends up in destruction. Unfortunately, men use the book to admonish women from engaging in politics due to fear of competition. Additionally, Hadith is a reference book in matters concerning women and politics. An amazing factor about the origin of the Hadith is that, its recording took place twenty-five years after the death of the prophet who allegedly recited it. In addition, the recitation of the supposedly holy book occurs
In Mallet’s article “Asynchronous Online Collaboration” As one of the most important subjects and a foundation of many careers, mathematics requires dedication and a considerable number to practice. Sufficient practice is vital for one to succeed in mathematics. A well-structured online course in mathematics can facilitate practice by offering numerous exercises and systematic demonstrations. Online courses are convenient and flexible thus allowing one to practice at his or her pace. These types of courses present an individual with an opportunity to make clarifications by searching for more information on the internet. About mathematics, the learner can access numerous information on various approaches used in solving mathematical problems. Although mathematics can be learned through an online course, some elements cannot be taught effectively to a large number of students. This arises from the fact that some elements require systematic demonstration and class interaction for the learning process to be successful. Interaction with tutors and other students is vital in enhancing understanding of some principles in mathematics. Even though some students may understand some mathematical principles without much difficulty, others may require assistance to understand. Classroom interaction would thus provide an appropriate atmosphere where students experiencing difficulties can be assisted. Online math courses can be used as a collaborative course in conventional classes. Factors that Mallet used in measuring success I agree with the factors which can be used for measuring success listed by the author of the article. Tracking students’ performance throughout their course or even in their employment is vital in measuring success. Even though this task is demanding, one would be able to understand their trend. Because a significant amount of resources are required, it is important to develop a more convenient method of tracking students’ performance. This motivated the author of this article to consider developing alternative approaches for measuring success. One of the approaches considered includes illustrative collaboration. This is a very effective method of measuring the success of online courses. Collaboration with other students indicates that a student is interested in a particular subject. Through collaboration, a student can learn from other students. This arises from the
The article written by Smith is focused on the project cost management profession. In particular, the author examines those global problems and challenges that are faced by its representatives. The information revealed by the author is likely to be beneficial for those individuals who are occupied in various fields but provide cost management services in the framework of the global construction industry. The necessity to develop the discussed paper can be explained by the existence of numerous high profile projects that are associated with critical resource overruns. Such issues faced at all project levels made Smith consider the possibilities of more efficient cost management. The author states that cost management professionals are often not obliged to be registered as professionals in the field. That is why many of them do not have the experience required for high-quality services and have poor specialist technical competencies. The article discusses those problems that are faced by these individuals to provide recommendations that can improve cost performance. Smith’s work is based on a literature review so it reveals true to life experiences of professional cost management associations. In particular, the sample includes authoritative sources that discuss information about seven organizations, such as the International Cost Engineering Council, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, and the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering, etc. The researcher states that projects with under-estimated costs have a negative influence on both developed and developing countries’ gross domestic product, as about 90% of their construction projects are proved to have cost overruns up to 100%. Due to globalization, those organizations that operate in the construction and infrastructure market are brought together. For the representatives of developed and developing countries to establish equality considering project cost management, a set of standards, competencies, and certification programs should be established. The research methodology selected by Smith provides an opportunity to identify those challenges and issues that are major ones for professionals. Numerous discussions and meetings that have been held between 2010 and 2013 are selected as the major source of information for research. In particular, they are associated with the International Cost Engineering Council and its key members. The author examines these materials thoroughly, which provides him with an opportunity to point out problems observed at global and regional levels. Analyzing this information, he also manages to speak about the future needs of professionals and the whole industry. According to Smith, the major issue is the failure to identify the profession globally. Different scientists resort to a variety of terminology so that no universal description of the profession exists. As a result, it is not possible to make numerous counties establis
The goal was to foster health and wellness, as well as growth and development in four-year-old children. The objective was to use physical activities such as dance and music to promote healthy growth and development. The rationale is that although growth and development are principal in child growth, health and physical activity interactions should not be overlooked. Activity 1: Dance at 10 am   * Objective: To expose the children to dance and music, cultural values as well as improve their choreography and movement.   * Execution: The children need to learn tap first because tap forces them to think rhythmically and methodically. These are the basics so that further progress in dance will help them learn how to figure dancing movements in terms of which comes first, what follows, and how it sounds with music. Activity 2: Playground at 11 am   * Objective: To provide interaction with and manipulation of the natural environment together with simple and inexpensive introduced elements. The playground also provides for social interactions among the children on their own.   * Execution: Various methods were used, which include obstacle courses, where gross motor skills are imparted. The activities include walking, jumping, climbing, leaping and others. Art projects, which impart refined motor skills and necessitate the use of small muscles, are also applicable in the playground. They include drawing and using scissors, as well as grasping objects. Observations Social behavior advances when children interact with each other in the activities given to them whether dancing, in the playground or learning. Socio-emotional skills are directly proportional to academic success (Beaulieu, 2008). The children can identify their own emotions as well as others, and react to them. They learn to relate with each other and adults positively. Developed social behavior helps them enjoy learning and approach learning with enthusiasm. Co
Tourism in the Great ocean Road region Tourism is a very critical sector of the economy and it entails provision of various services to tourists who visit tourism attraction sites which in most cases are natural features. Provision of tourism services involves use of considerable resources and the issue has been faced with a lot of controversy on whether or not it is worth investing in tourism in some attraction site (Cooper and Hall 2007). The Great ocean Road region is a tourism area that has a lot to offer in terms of variety. The Great ocean Road region is a well known tourist attraction site that was constructed between 1918 and 1932 as a reminder of the people who died during the 1 st world war. It is located in Australia, in the south western part of Victoria. It has however developed too much since then, making it to be a notable tourism region. It is composed of a diversity of tourism elements for instance the Apollo bay, the Otway National Park, London Bridge, the 12 Apostles, the Loch Ard Gorge and the inland volcanic plain among others. Other unique attributes of the Great ocean Road region include waterfalls, volcanic lakes, beaches, rich maritime, restaurants and an attractive culture and heritage collection. Tourism in the Great ocean Road region has been practiced to a great extent currently with most of the tourism sites attracting a significant number of tourists. With the implementation of strategies aimed at making the situation better, tourism activities and practices are
There is an emerging trend in which insurance companies offer discount for multiple insurance contracts, and have resulted to various scenarios. Some experts in the insurance company sector argue that offering multiple services by the same insurance company does not guarantee that the customer will stick with them. There are some of consideration that must be taken in focus, for example, the terms and scope of the cover. However, previous studies have shown that, there is a likelihood of two scenarios to occur. Some customers would prefer differential services from multiple companies, for example, house insurance in one company and car insurance in another. Other customer would prefer to have all their services under one insurance company (Schindler 23). Statement of the Research The research aims at studying how multiple insurance contracts will affect customers’ decision when choosing their services from a variety of insurance companies. Goals and objectives   * Goal: This study will help to understand the dominant pattern in the insurance companies and comprehend why some of the companies have established multiple insurance services.   * Objective: The study will provide useful information to insurance companies, which will significantly help them in policy making, pertaining to their strategies in multiple insurance services. Background Offering discounts for multiple insurance contracts is a trend that emerged in 1990s. Insurance firms such as, State Farm emerged as one of the most reputable insurance firms offering diverse services to its clients. State Farm offers a wide category of services which includes: house, car and banking services. State Farm has achieved success through offering differential services at a competitive rate in the market. Discount and the multiple services have captured a large composition of the market. Customer finds more appropriate to acquire all their insurance and banking services under one roof. However, as a result of diversity in offering of services, State Farm has experienced a number of challenges (Stevens 17). Customers have always complained about poor services, and it follows that the company has less concern over their issues. Operating insurance firms who offer diverse services such as discounts for multiple contracts is not an easy task. Insurance companies must have reliable information concerning the market needs and strive to offer the best service to their clients. Customers, on the other hand, need to know the trend, by insurance companies, to offer multiple insurance contracts so that they can
Introduction The financial sector has always been popular among young entrepreneurs, but after getting a degree in finance what are some of the available options for the new graduate? The financial degree gives the person a variety of employment positions that can vary in required skills, tasks, and benefits. Financial Career Options A degree in finance provides a person with a focused list of career options. For example, a college graduate can become a personal financial advisor. They provide financial advice on a large variety of topics for individuals and families. Social skills are valued among financial advisors due to their work with clients. Taxes, investments, as well as issues of estate planning, are some of the main topics that concern financial advisers. This line of work presents multiple options for employment. Firms often have a financial adviser among their staff but a self-employment is always an option if the resources are provided. Most employers require at least a bachelor’s degree from the graduate. On-the-job training is often provided to ensure fast adaptability to the workplace. Depending on the type of advice, financial advisors might have a license from either the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) or the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). An experienced financial advisor could be invaluable to a company dealing with investments (Robb et al., par 5). One of the more popular careers chosen by graduates with a degree in finance is financial management. In broad terms, financial managers evaluate investments and raise funds to finance them. Financial managers deal with three main issues about the business: long-term business investments for the firm, this is usually called capital budgeting; raising money for these investments, this is called capital structure decisions; and managing the rise of cash flows in the day-to-day operations of the company, this is called working capital management (