ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Building provincial mental health capacity in primary care of rural Ontario, Canada. Description An initiative of Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (Project ECHO) uses virtual education to enhance the primary care provider’s mental health capacity. The project has the ultimate objective of solving the perpetual challenge of urban-rural disparities in access to specialist care (Sockalingam et al., 2017). Subsequently, to monitor the effectiveness of the project, evaluators scrutinized a mental health and addiction-oriented ECHO program in Ontario, Canada, at the end of the program. How was the success of the program or policy measured? Evaluation is essential to establish the program’s effectiveness in producing desired results. Therefore, the mental health and addiction ECHO program relied on certain indicators of program success, such as primary care providers refined knowledge of mental health or addiction. Additionally, the evaluation conducted measurements on primary care providers’ perceived self-efficacy, active engagement in the virtual education program, satisfaction, and competencies in the management of mental health disorders. How many people were reached by the program or policy selected? The program’s effectiveness is a product of information from the program participants. Therefore, the program recruited 131 participants comprising family physicians, nurse practitioners, social workers, nurses, and counselors from 26 spoke sites to engage in virtual medical education. Consequently, the program recorded an average of 4 out of 5 scale program satisfaction rate, indicating that the participants were satisfied with the program. Additionally, the program noted significant improvement in participants’ ability to manage patients, attention to screening patients for mental health disorders, enhanced knowledge of mental health disorders, and inter-professional collaboration following the educational intervention. Moreover, the perceived self-efficacy among the participants was higher in the post-intervention than pre-intervention assessment. What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation? The program evaluation relied on qualitative in
Aggregate Description Hispanic subgroups in the United States include Mexicans (66.9%), Central/South Americans (14.3%), Puerto Ricans (8.6%), and Cubans 3.6%). A recent study that was carried out among the Hispanics indicated that only 22.5% earn more than 35,600 US dollars per annum, 57% are high school graduates, and 67.5% boast of healthcare insurance (Hompesch et al., 2014). Among the Mexican-American Hispanics, the prevalence of type-2 diabetes is approximately 10.4% and 5.2% among the non-Hispanic population. According to Hompesch et al. (2014), the disease is predominant amongst the males (9.9%) as compared to females (11%). This paper adopts the DSME (Diabetes Self-Management Education) theory for alleviating diabetes amongst the minority ethnic groups. Other factors that increase the vulnerability of Hispanics to type-2 diabetes include lifestyle, ethnicity, age, overweight, obesity, and biological factors. For instance, the frequency of obesity among the Mexican-American Hispanics who are above the age of 20 years is 65.9% among the females and 63.9% in males. These figures show that Hispanics are more likely to suffer from the disease than the non-Hispanics. A recent study shows that Hispanic communities do not perform physical exercises frequently. The aforementioned statistics imply that Hispanics are highly affected by type-2 diabetes. Therefore, there is a need to adopt a health strategy to avert the sickening trend that has been prevalent amongst the population. However, the health remedy should take into account various factors that affect the vulnerability of the Hispanics community to the disease. Most importantly, the plan should also consider distribution of the malady amongst different ages of the population. Statistics clearly show that age, gender, socio-economic status, and weight management are some of the key factors that affect the distribution of type-2 diabetes amongst the Hispanics. Three Levels of Prevention Disease prevention refers to practices that are geared towards eliminating the chances of a certain condition with a view of averting its future effects on the susceptible groups. Various levels of forestalling such diseases include primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention (Müller-Wieland & Goldstein, 2008). Primary prevention aims at precluding a condition that does not yet exist. This level targets the general population. Measures to avoid obesity such as sensitization of people to the benefits of regular physical exercises and/or restricted calorie intake should form the basis of primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, susceptible populations such as the Hispanics should become the prime target groups to healthcare professionals (Müller-Wieland & Goldstein, 2008). On the other hand, secondary prevention focuses on the detection of the malady at its onset with a view of executing early evidence-based interventions. In diabetes type-2, th
According to my own understanding, marketing can be described a series of activities aimed at accomplishing the objectives of an organization by simply anticipating what products and services are needed by customers and determining the strategies of communication, sales and ultimate development of the business. Through marketing, business companies and organizations get to create and develop loyal relationships as well as value for their respective customers. According to the American association of marketing, marketing is referred to as a process that involves an organizational function of creating and delivering goods and services to customers with appropriate communication and value (Kotler & Keller, 2009). The association further states, that marketing is emphasized for the purpose of creating healthy relationships between business organizations and their customers for the benefit of all the stakeholders and the organizations themselves (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). According to the chartered marketing institute, marketing is described as a process of management aimed at identification, anticipation and satisfaction of the needs and requirements of various customers in a profitable manner (Kerin et al., 2009). The institute further elaborates that the process of marketing seeks to increase the returns to all the share holders of business organizations through creation of a competitive advantage and strengthening the relationships with valued customers in a business environment. According to the above definitions, marketing contributes to the promotion of the awareness of products to the public and the target market. One of the primary goals of marketing is to get the products recognized in the market and this helps to increase the sales volume and revenue earned by business organizations. It is very hard for any dedicated business organization to think of letting the public or the customers find out about the products of the organization. For start-out business organizations, it is very important for their marketing departments to enhance the awareness of available products through advertisements and promotions. Although promotions and advertisement programs are costly to the organization, the major advantage is that the company information and the available products get disseminated to the public domain for buying purposes. For example, the Coca-Cola Company spends a lot of cash on advertising its products to the target market and this has enabled most of its brands to thrive worldwide (Kotler & Keller, 2009). Another major importance of marketing is that it helps to boost and increase the sales of the organization. The main reason why business organizations exist is to make profits through delivery of various types of goods and services to respective customers. In order to enhance profits and meet business targets, business
Located in the state of Nevada, Las Vegas is one of the most populous cities within the U.S. whose aggregated business economy initially developed almost entirely around the tourism industry brought in by the numerous gambling, gaming and entertainment establishments within the city (McCracken, 1997). In total, the city has a total population of 1,951,269 individuals and is well known as “The Entertainment Capital of the World”. The growth of Las Vegas as a city can almost entirely be attributed to the creation of the various casinos on the Las Vegas strip. Starting in 1931 with the El Rancho Casino, the area grew into a location known for gambling and entertainment as the number of casinos and hotels along the strip increased (McCracken, 1997). This, of course, led to the agglomeration of various businesses establishments such as independent hotels, construction firms, restaurants, etc. The main issue with development in this particular region of Nevada was the fact that it was situated right in the middle of a desert and as such necessitated considerable land reclamation efforts to establish the city boundaries that Las Vegas is known for today (McCracken, 1997). Of course, initially, there were problems related to labour shortages, water resources and the fact that there were far too agglomerated businesses within the area as a direct result of the spatial difference between Las Vegas and the nearest major population centre at the time of its initial growth. Such problems though were eventually overcome because since the Las Vegas strip was situated near Highway 91, this made it a major stopover for people going through Nevada and into other states. Eventually, its location along the highway became its major selling point establishing the initial basis for the tourism industry that the city is known for today (McCracken, 1997). As a direct result of the growth of its tourism industry, this also resulted in more people moving to Las Vegas for work resulting in a subsequent boom in agglomerated business establishments and real estate development within the city to meet the demands of the subsequent increase in the population of the city. At present, a large percentage of the businesses and gambling establishments are concentrated along the Las Vegas Strip, which is actually in line with the ideas presented by Michael Ball involving agglomeration and spatial division. The inherent problem with the city itself is that its entire economy is almost entirely dependent on a constant influx of tourists into various gambling establishments. This city has had little time to develop a substantial industrial manufacturing base, and it also is not k
The relations between the Europeans and natives in British and Spanish America had both similarities and differences. The Spanish began to colonize the Americas earlier than the British, and their goal was to resolve the problem of the workforce shortage in the Spanish Empire. As a result, the exploitation and enslavement of the American Indians was the characteristic features of the relations between the Spanish and American natives. In spite of the fact that the Spanish monarchy planned to treat the Native Americans humanely, the colonists could not lose the opportunity to use the free labor of the American Indians. That is why, to colonize the natives who were discussed as barbarians, much attention was paid to proclaiming the superiority of the Spanish and to the necessity of Christianizing Indians. As a result of the active colonization, the Europeans and natives in Spanish America became mixed because of the exchange of religions and cultures and because of the intermarriage. Moreover, many natives could not bear the burdens of exploitation and committed mass suicide. Although the British also focused on using Indians as the cheap workforce, they were less successful in fighting the natives, and the main challenge was the land occupancy. The British paid more attention to winning the Indians’ lands than to exploiting them as slaves. However, the British, like the Spanish, understood the necessity of Christianizing the Indians of North America. While trying to civilize Indians and occupy their territories, the British developed a lot of conflicts in their relations with the American natives. If the Indians of Spanish America were less adapted to the challenge of colonization, the Indians of North America continued to oppose the British invasion during a long period of time. That is why, the relations between the Europeans and American Indians were based on promotion of the idea of cultural superiority.
Introduction This paper is based on the topic of political and social theory. It focuses on the origins of legitimate governments based on the arguments of three philosophers namely Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Plato’s Socratic dialogues (Apology and Crito). The paper pays special attention to the main views and values of each author as to what constitutes legitimate governments, the power of such governments and the limitations of the power and authority of legitimate governments. Thesis Statement Rousseau’s arguments on the origin of legitimate governments are more compelling than those of Hobbes and Plato. This is because he traces the development of legitimate governments to the emergence of private property which came as a result of increase in human population. Private property pushed man to form governments so that he could enjoy his natural rights and run away from the state of nature, which the three theorists described as brutal, nasty and harsh. Plato Plato was one of the first philosophers to put into writings the works of Socrates. In two of his dialogues (the Apology and Crito) Plato constructs the views of Socrates in a manner which resembles the social contract theory by Hobbes and Rousseau. According to Plato and as presented in the Apology and Crito, the main value which led to the emergence of legitimate government is the value of justice (Emery 46). In the Apology and Crito, Plato portrays Socrates as a person who stands by his beliefs and words. He also portrays him as a hardliner who would not be moved by anything to change his philosophy on any issue. On the issue of fear of death, Socrates is presented as a fearless person, who would not be intimidated by anybody or anything to change his philosophy. He is not afraid of death and goes ahead to state that the fear of death is illogical because no one knows what happens after death. When he is brought before the jury to answer charges of atheism and corrupting the youth, he says that he prefers death sentence because it would reprieve him of the burden of living a life which is full of contradictions and biases. He blames the jury for being ignorant of his arguments and for agreeing with the charges brought by Meletus, who is not able to substantiate his arguments. In the apology, Plato argues that Socrates was not afraid of death because he was ready to obey the laws of Athens, which according to Socrates enabled his parents to give birth and take care of him. According to Socrates, men are naturally inclined to do injustice to each other, that is, each man would like to do injustice to the other man. Men also fear the effects of doing injustice to others and thus, in a state of nature, each man would like to do harm to others and be spared of any punishment for doing so. Accordingly, this state of nature does not allow any man to
Cell-phone use has become more and more popular. In fact, the latest survey has revealed that there are more cell phones than adult population in developed nations like the United States and UK (Heath 62). This survey means that it is not only adults who own cell phones, but also kids. It is true that cell phones have made life much easier and better. With a cell phone, spouses can easily update each other on their whereabouts, managers can run their businesses from wherever they are, and parents can contact teachers on any issues relating to their children’s welfare at school. However, these devices are receiving more media coverage for the wrong reasons than good. A recent research carried out by Harvard University researchers revealed that one in every 20 accidents is a result of cell-phone use (Richtel). Use of cell phones in moving vehicles has caused many accidents. It is therefore, not surprising that many states have burned the use of cell phones while driving. In fact, it is high time for the states that have not burned use of cell phones to act. The greatest danger caused by use of cell phones in moving vehicles is distractions (Ross 29). When on the road, a driver should fully focus and be alert. This is because the road environment is dynamic and uncertainties such as the driver in front suddenly braking, reaching a sudden turn and vehicle system failure can happen abruptly. Many drivers’ reaction to these changes when on t
The Gate of Heavenly Peace describes Chinese social and political revolution that took place in the period between 1895 and 1980. The film fails to focus on many prominent figures; instead, it follows the preferences of Mao Zedong and Sun Yatsen. However, this gives an opportunity to center on the history of China and see how the society was shaped and transformed by the characters featured in the movie. Such a move leads to characterization of such figures as Lu Xun, Li Dazhao, Ding Ling, Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi. Without highlighting specific dates, the author offers ideas and changes presented by intellectual minds for understanding of the occurrences during the political and social transformations in China. The documentary focuses on the 1989 Tiananmen protests and the resulting June 4 Beijing Massacre. The video piece is an exploration of the history of demonstrations with a focus and comments on the political structures, habits and attitudes, which reformed Chinese public life in the 20 th Century. The script of the movie was written in a politically turbulent period when there were many demonstrations and political strife, which resulted in the Qing dynasty’s fall and restlessness of revolutionary factions demanding for cooperation of the warlords and foreign powers and the intrusion of Japan into China. The film shows the virtual colonization of economics by Japanese military and Mao Zedong’s eventual victory. The political environment portrayed in the movie features a turbulent situation in the country and the efforts to preserve the history of China. The movie places the happenings in a period of a memorable historical moment in China, which is significant to all the Chinese and those interested in the history of the country. The social opinion in the film was the following. Some bloodshed should have awakened people to rise up and demand for democracy. There were deaths and casualties happened due to the demonstrations, which resulted only in bloodshed. The Chinese government reported over 8,000 injuries and 300 deaths. In the efforts for a political revolution in China, the students and workers who occupied the Tiananmen Square had no arms. The intention was to have a nonviolent demonstration but the reaction of the government broke the efforts of the marching people. The result was a massacre in Beijing leaving the efforts for a call of democracy destroyed and irrelevant. Historically, the witnessing of the massacre following the Tiananmen protests need for the protection of human rights, nationalism and reforms in the government. It had been a long struggle to fight for human rights and the call to the students was just an effort to make a wakeup call to the authorities to rethink the statuses of the country. Historically, the country lurked in fear and no chance for freedom of speech. With the results, it was just clear that the reactions held an open testimony regarding the high handedness of the communist era. The leaders did not respect humanity and they cared less for hu
Introduction A QI plan is a wide-ranging organizational work plan meant for various purposes like improving health care services including clinical services. A QI includes various things like essential information that detail how an organization will handle, position and assess quality throughout the organization (McLaughlin & Kaluzny, 2006). A QI plan requires committed leadership for it to be successful. This is because leadership helps in developing and improving quality through the acts of setting priority. Management also helps in the improvement efforts and coming up with core values. They also help in upholding a learning atmosphere and other important things that are of help to the organization. Board of Directors The board of directors support and guide the putting of QI process into operation. They also help in annual analysis, appraisal and approval of the QI plan and also provide or even approve the resources required to execute the plan. QI Committee The role of QI is to implement and to keep an eye on the QI program. QIC is also endowed with the task of recommending policies through subcommittees in the QI program. It also plays the task of examining and appraising the improvement, fallouts and outcomes of actions in the QI program. It also sets up actions and also follows up to make sure that the actions are followed. Strategic directions meant to guide the program are also set by the QI committee in addition to reviewing of important data related to the program. Medical Staff The medical staff ensures that quality is realized in the QI while working closely with other leaders in the QI. This is the team that is primarily responsible for carrying out the implementation plan. Executive Leadership Executive leadership is responsible for the overall processes and coordination of the plan and the staff. They are responsible for the communication between the staff and the committee and the stakeholders. Middle Management Middle management is a team that enhances the implementation of the plan by providing the necessary requirements. They facilitate the meetings and the communications of the QI in the organization. Department Staff The department staff is engaged the plan implementation at the departmental. They enhance the development and the implementation of the plan. They process the necessary documents and ensure that the plan meets the requirements and the necessary accreditations. Communication It is crucial to communicate regularly to the stakeholders, and the staff to keep them updated on how the plan is being implemented. Communication may be done through Q-letter emailed, all-hands meeting, board meetings and staff meetings among others. The significance of quality communication is to have the participants informed of what is happening through the implementation of the plan (Dew & Nearing, 2004). Education It is important to educate the staff on their responsibilities and roles i