ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Information system is a network of communication within an organization that entails the use of technology. In information system there is collecting, processing and disseminating of the information or storage, encoding and decoding depending on the nature of the information and its use (Aberer and Martin-Flatin 2). Through the use of information system the world has been turned into a global village due to its high speed, efficiency and its worldwide coverage. Information system is essential in organizational decision making process. This is due to the fact that it helps in planning, controlling, coordination and analysis of the organization decision making which is an important aspect in any organization. The information is stored in electronic databases that are secure, accurate and provide data in an easier and accurate form as compared to the old traditional methods. Information system has four main components which include the following; Management information system This component’s main function is to deal with sources of information that emanate from within the firm. It is mainly used to relay reports from middle management officers to the top management of the firm (Aberer and Martin-Flatin 2). It is concerned with monitoring the use of resources and how operations are conducted. This system being tactical it saves the company resources by controlling misuse of resources and employee idle time. Transaction processing system It is intended to deal with the everyday routine activities of the firm. It accurately and efficiently monitors inventory controls, billing systems and preparation of payroll and tax calculations of the firm. This kind of data is essential to the management in its operations and providing relevant information for other departments. Decision support system Since decision making is a critical function of any organization, the decision system is put in place to guide the management on the probable outcomes of the decision to be made or already made. It is technically designed to gather, analyze and offer alternatives to the decisions through the use of databases and spreadsheets support. It deals with information from both internal and external sources. It predicts the firm’s future thereby enabling the management make viable decisions that will steer success of the firm. Executive support system As the name suggests it is used by executives and senior administration in the making and implementation of strategic decisions relating to the organization. It uses comprehensive and sophisticated analysis tools that answer the question what if. It is designed in such a way that the executives can operate it without involvement of intermediaries. Knowledge work system With the help of this system firms can create and share information with the other departments and employee
The process of global diversity management includes evaluation, forecasting, formulation, implementation, and control of strategies according to the specific needs of the management in a given institution. It is aimed at reducing the level of variation in the personal ability of organizational employees caused by cultural diversity. Management takes the initiative of improving employees’ involvement and productivity in multinational organizations. The process mentioned above helps in improving as well as coordinating the company’s activities both horizontally, vertically along the organization line of authority, as well as between employees to minimize challenges caused by diversity in origin (Barack, 2005). With the help of research focused on offering solutions for reducing the level of multiplicity, two main elements of diversity have been considered. One of them is the factor affecting an individual country and its neighbors, for example, the geographical position in the globe and the countries’ law. Secondly, we consider the formulation of policies and their implementation in an effort to minimize the effects of cultural differences on the firm and between employees. The management identifies and manipulates what is common among these people to bring them together, with the aim of maximizing efficiency and marginal productivity of labor in the firm. In addition to that, the companies may apply professional appraisal methods such as training, organizing, and hosting seminars for employees in their area of interest in addition to their area of weakness and taking them for tours to different parts of the world. The employees get acquainted with the existing cultural variations. Apart from that, they also improve their ability to embrace changes they get involved in as well as creativity and innovation. Lastly, the process leads to narrowing the variation gap and reduces resistance to the change that is implemented initially but is resisted during implementation. There are two aspects of diversity that exist while dealing with various circumstances. They include intranational and cross-national forms of diversity management (Meek, 2010). In the intranational form of diversity management, the company implements policies that conform to the level of diversity within a given country. An example of the variation is the gender-based diversity, which may be caused by the varied beliefs of different people from different communities in the traditional role and responsibilities meant for a specific gender. For instance, most communities believe that a man must provide for his family, while others believe that the responsibility of women covers taking care of their families and husbands. In an eff
Introduction The paper is claimed to examine monetary policy in the Euro area from theoretical and empirical perspectives. It is necessary to discuss in the paper what theory defines the approach of Central Banks should be and compares it with the one applied by the European Central Bank. One of the aims of the present research is to review achievements (and breakdowns) of financial strategy in the Euro area and offer modifications that would augment the association among words and actions; rationalize the realization that markets have of the strategy procedure, and fasten anticipation arrangement more powerfully. (Mafi-Kreft, Russell 2006) It is necessary to mention, that the latest monetary policy sources have stressed the necessity of a clear understanding of the Central Bank’s performance by monetary markets in the creation of anticipations about future attention rates enhancements. This happens as accurate anticipations assist the Central Bank in its behavior of the financial strategy. Whereas Central Banks only manage short-term interest charges, theory and experiential confirmation designate that longer-term notice rates and arbitrage circumstances in monetary markets subject the most for the broadcast of financial policy itches to the financial system. Longer-term interest rates, in turn, reproduce anticipations of future short-term rates and the reliability of the Central Bank. Hence, victorious financial policy is to a large extent a substance of shaping market expectations about how short-term rates are likely to evolve not only in the period leading to the next policy decision but also later on. Market participants’ ability to predict future monetary policy decisions is often viewed as the shortest outcome of the Central Bank’s clearness. A translucent overall financial policy frame is consequently regarded as highly popular. This has come to be extensively recognized by Central Bank managers over the latest decade. It is also acknowledged that a believable and unsurprising Central Bank can attain its purpose with smoother interest charge modifications and at lower interest rate levels than a Central Bank with poorer reliability. (Taylor, 1996) Theory and reality of EU monetary policy Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been a rebellion in the way Central financial institutions regard their permission and converse with the marketplaces and the community. Up to afterward, Central Banks were enigmatic institutes, which spent little time defining their aims and their strategies, and often astonished or puzzled market partakers with their setting of the strategic tool. An enigmatic advance was preferred, in part, as it was considered to protect against political omission, an imperative condition to attain Central Banks sovereignty. In the previous 15 years, Central financial institutions have dealt with political difficulties in a dissimilar method. Almost all politicians, both in the industrialized world, now distinguish that clearness and enhanced cooperation with the public are the main components to run a victorious financial strategy, both in the sense of permitting markets
Introduction The focal point of this paper seeks to analyze the causes and effects of the popularity of foreign festivals in China and demonstrate the importance of preservation of Traditional festivals. It has been found that there is a rising phenomenon that foreign festival is becoming increasingly popular in contemporary China. Western festivals like Christmas and Valentine’s Day are taking over the traditional festivals of China like Bullfight Festival of Miao, Knife-Pole Festival of Lisu, Torch Festival of Yi, and Water-Splashing Festival of Dai. This is a serious consequence, and the hybridization of cultures due to Globalization can be identified as the chief culprit. Globalization has an assortment of characteristics, which influence the world in numerous dissimilar ways. The various forms of Globalization are as such, Industrial Globalization, pseudonym Trans-nationalization is surfacing of worldwide manufacture markets and wider access to an assortment of merchandise for consumers and companies. The lack of interest in local festivals indicates the ramification of local culture due to close contact with foreign festive cultures developed by close contacts due to Globalization. Loss of local festival means loss of identity and existence crisis for the local population. Steps must be taken to prevent this from happening. Government must take needed measures to save the local festivals of China. Analysis It can be well established that Globalization accelerates the spreading of foreign festivals in China. The hybridization of cultures is nothing new to the history of the world, and it has happened earlier. However, the only difference this time is that the scale is taking place at a much larger parameter today. We can well ascertain there would be a single culture in days to come if the current trend is in motion in an uninterrupted manner. There would be a loss of cultural pride, sovereignty, individuality but the gradual change would make it bearable for all, and the one-world scenario would be welcomes by the generations undergoing the change. On the other hand, the brought-in culture can effortlessly step into the shoes of the local culture, causing a diminution in assortment through hybridization or even incorporation. Fiscal Globalization is the appearance of international financial markets and improved access to foreign financing for commercial, national and local borrowers. Economic Globalization is the comprehension of a widespread universal market, based on the liberty of exchange of supplies and capital. Political Globalization is the conception of a world government, which controls the associations between countries and assures the rights arising from communal and financial Globalization. Informational Globalization is the augment in information flows between geographically inaccessible locations. China is going through all these aspects today. No wonder China would be f
The chronicle El primer nueva crónica y buen gobierno contains over a thousand pages of illustrations and written narrative concerning the background of the Incan people and problems in the region. From the perspective of King Phillip III, first of all, the chronicle reveals the intricacies of the Inca culture and history. Furthermore, the text demonstrates the attitude of the Spanish toward the native inhabitants in the region that is frequently unnecessarily cruel and disrespectful. Naturally, the chronicle also provides a different view of the indigenous society from the one that the king is presented by the Spanish mercenaries. When the script was written in 1615, the Incan empire was already conquered by the Spanish conquistadors; however, the unjust attitude toward the native people was still persistent. Drawing 147. The first illustration, ‘The Inka asks what the Spaniard eats. The Spaniard replies: “Gold”‘, concerns the vast differences in priorities between the Spanish colonizers and the Incan people. From the perspective of the indigenous people, gold and other metals were subject to art, religion, and self-expression. Sun is the central point of the Incan beliefs, and gold metalwork generally symbolizes the Incan faith. On the other hand, the illustration clearly represents the obsession of the Spanish colonizers with gold and money. From the perspective of conquistadors, the Incan empire was the source of great wealth that could be claimed with relative ease. According to the drawing, the Spanish were so obsessed with gold that the author decided to depict the metal as food. Ultimately, the distorted desire for wealth has significantly affected the minds of the Spanish colonizers. Drawing 215. The second illustration, ‘A Spanish traveler mistreats his native carrier’, is one of the most powerful drawings in the chronicle. It transparently demonstrates the harsh reality of life in Colonial Latin America and the attitude of the Spanish toward native people. In the drawing, the Spanish traveler kicks the indigenous carrier. It is unclear whether the native person has somehow failed the assigned task or was merely exhausted due to the exploitation by the Spanish people. However, it is evident that the Spanish traveler is unnecessarily cruel toward the carrier, and the worker cannot object to the harassment, for he would have probably been killed for defying the orders. Drawing 372. The last illustration depicts the central city of the Incan empire, Cuzco. Cuzco is a royal city located at more tha
Target Customers The customer segments are divided into corporate customers and private individuals. The former are automobile manufacturers who will buy the product and install it in vehicles at the point of production. A private customer, meanwhile, is any automobile owner. This means that the product does not discriminate between customers in terms of gender or age. The psychographic profile of the targeted customers is driven by the latest trends in affordability, effectiveness, and automated automobile safety. The market segments are further divided into business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer (B2C) components (Kotler and Keller 34). The B2B segment consists of vehicle manufacturers who will acquire the rights to modify this product to fit their different automobiles. The B2C segment will involve direct selling of the product to final users through online retailers such as Best Buy. The product will target car owners, especially youthful buyers who quickly embrace new technology as well as those who might have concerns about parents’ safety in driving due to old age. Unique Selling Proposition (USP) The impact detection and remediation system is a unique technologically advanced safety gadget created to guarantee convenience in automobile use since it automatically detects damage and notifies the user (Markel 15). As the first of its kind, this product is designed to improve the accuracy of damage detection and provide a quick alert to enable a user to be in control of the
Food-borne bacteria of importance to human health, must be controlled along the modern food production line. This requires an understanding of their physiology facilitating the subsequent targeting of those features that can be included as processing intervention measures. These steps are designed, based on scientific knowledge to reduce numbers or eliminate the hazard. For this self-directed exercise, select four food-borne bacteria that you consider to be important and necessary to control. Table of food-borne bacteria showing the associated features relevant to food safety. Food-borne bacteria      Onset     Symptoms/                                                                                       Temperature ( 0 C)  pH       Gram stain     Source(s)                                                                                                                                           Infecti
Summary Communication is very critical for any business entity in the current competitive marketplace. In this project, the researcher seeks to develop a communication strategy that can be used by Open Doors Letting Agency in its new market. The strategy will define tactics and controls that this firm can use to achieve the best results. The plan will also include a critical analysis of the external and internal environmental forces and how the agency can manage them to come up with an effective and actionable communication strategy. Background Open Doors Lettings Limited is a company offering let services to students in Buckingham. Having been acquired by an independent letting firm it is now time to promote the presence of its brand among students in Buckingham. The main target market for this firm is the University of Buckingham students’ community. This relatively new firm is yet to gain a strong foundation in the market. The market has other players who have been present in the market with a very strong brand that is trusted among the student community. Open Doors Lettings Limited comes into a highly competitive industry. This means that it must find a way of managing this competition if it hopes to achieve success in the market. It must find a strategy that will endear its products to students to penetrate the market that is currently dominated by top brands. According to Fill (2013, p, 57), building a brand is one of the most complex activities in the marketing process. It requires an effective marketing communication strategy that will not only help the firm to pass the relevant information to its target audiences but also enable the clients to communicate to the firm. According to Temporal (2010, p. 58), many firms are now seeking interactive communication platforms. Passing a message to the target audience remains very important. However, equally important is the need to get the views of the audience, either in response to the communication passed to them or on any other relevant factor concerning the products offered by the firm. Marketing communication will be critical to Open Doors Lettings Limited as it moves to Buckingham. This is a new market that this firm has not operat
Fertility Decline The population of the world was on the increase during the centuries before the 20 th and 21 st centuries. However, the two centuries have witnessed population decrease especially in developed countries. This has been referred to as sub-replacement fertility, that is to say, the rate of fertility in an area failing to replace the population of the given area resulting in a low population. This has been praised as it would counter the imbalance created by immigration. This trend has been reported in over 100m different locations in the world. The main places affected were North America, moving to Western and Eastern Europe then to the former Soviet states and finally East Asia, Japan is the leading in the area. The other parts of the world are slowly witnessing this trend of sub-replacement fertility. Of the new areas witnessed, Iran is the leading showing that the conservative Arab world is embracing change. North Africa has also been affected. This trend has resulted in an aging population. The trend has mainly been brought by globalization and improvement in technology. People are working around the clock and this has resulted in limited free time for childbearing. Life expectancy in developed economies has gone up and thus children to continue one’s lineage have been seen as not a priority Gender Imbalance When gender imbalance has been analyzed, China has represented a good illustration. Naturally, the number of boys born at any given time is higher than that of girls. However, this cannot have been the major cause. It was studied that almost all cultures give preference to boys than girls so there is a tendency in the society to try and sire boys. It was also studied that the illiteracy level of the females affected the gender balance. The imbalance was high in urban areas where women were more educated as opposed to rural areas. The one-child policy in China has seen many sex-selective abortions in a bid to have a baby boy. In the long-run social problems have occurred where young men have lacked girls to marry. Gender imbalance has also been witnessed in other countries like India and also in Europe like Georgia. This case can be attributed to the fewer wars, in contemporary the world and the preference given to boys. In ancient times boys used to perish due to wars where they were viewed as potential future enemies. In the past, the girl child used to outnumber the boy child. Mortality The mortali
Introduction Today, I am going to present to you a summary of the story by Edward D. Ives. The story is called The Oral and Written Tradition: A Micro-View from Miramichi. To present the material, I will, firstly, give you the background of the story, and then I will try to list the methods and the results of the folklorist’s work which the story describes. Background So, the central theme of the text The Oral and Written Tradition: A Micro-View from Miramichi by Edward D. Ives is the folklorist’s work and his attempts of collecting the songs in the region of the Miramichi River. The narrator of the story tells us that he has just finished his doctoral work in folklore at Indiana University and has received a small grant for the collection and research of the folk songs (Ives n.pag.). He starts on his journey to the Chatham Head located just across the Miramichi River (Ives n.pag.). The region has been chosen by him due to the lumbering traditions which have been widely spread there. Presumably, folk songs reflect the traditional occupation of the local people. During his visit, he has attended the local song festival and has gotten acquainted with the local singers and songwriters. The Methods Of Songs Collection Now I am going to describe the methods of songs collection employed by the narrator. First of all, it should be said that he has collected the songs by the fieldwork. It means that he has had an opportunity to communicate with local people and to obtain some interesting facts about their folk songs. Secondly, he has tried to hear as more songs as he can and to pick some for the detailed study. And finally, he has typed the most interesting songs and compared their different versions. The Song Research I want to focus your attention on one song which the narrator analyzed profoundly. Its name is Pretty Polly. The song has awakened his interest for both reasons: its lyrics and the different versions. The lyrics tells “about a young woman who rode off with a man who, when they came to a river, told her he was going to drawn her…he said to her to take off her clothes; she told him to look the other way, and, when he did, she threw him into the stream and rode back home alone” (Ives n.pag.). The song has been heard by the narrator in two versions performed by the two different men. The second version heard has been the most interesting for him. He asked a performer to dictate the lyrics stanza by stanza. After typing the lyrics, the narrator has analyzed it thoroughly. He tried to answer such questions as to when this version originated, where the performer heard it and had the differences in versions been invented by t