ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Facebook has become a part of the daily lives of most people these days. That is because the technological marvel has allowed people to connect with each other and communicate in ways and means that seemed to only be a part of sci-fi movies 20 years ago. These days, if one does not have a Facebook account, it is almost as if that person does not really exist. Facebook has become the bonding factor amongst family and friends these days, allowing us to stay in touch with each other even when we are separated by time and distance. This is supported by the research of Jay Leon (2011) in his article”The Advantages Of Having Your Own Facebook Account” where he explains that : If you use Facebook, you are never really out of touch with people you know. Once you add a person as a friend on your account, you will know whenever there are updates, uploaded photos and other new information on his or her profile — unless your friend blocks you from seeing updates — through your news feed. You can contact one another anytime from any place in the world where you have access to the internet. With over 5 million registered and active users on the social networking site Facebook’s official statistics page (20110 indicates that the site is fast proving to be the best tool for organizing activities and keeping in touch with each other be it in a personal, educational, or professional basis. Educational institutions have also come around to realizing the advantages that having a Facebook account presents to their offices and student body. Take for example the use of Facebook Groups in order to disseminate information to relevant student participants whenever an activity arises. Kate Wadas (2008) studied the possible reasons as to why a student organization or educational institution should have a Facebook account in her article “The Challenges and Advantages of Facebook”. It is her opinion that Facebook works best for these parties because: Students can log-on at a time which is convenient for them and see what is new with the student organization, as opposed to filling their inboxes with multiple emails a day about announcements or schedule changes. Facebook can also be used to advertise events and other involvement opportunities. Businesses have also learned to take advantage of the high traffic volume, the Facebook Statistics page (2011) indicates that the site users have at least 900 million objects in the form of group pages, communities, and events pages, to interact amongst themselves via their “friends list”. Within these pages are paid targeted advertisements related directly to the topic being discussed on the page and recommendations being offered as points of interest and discussion in a discreet manner by the advertisers themselves. These paid advertisements have the advantage of clearly picking up on the interests of the user and offering them products and services that they will be sure to take an interest in and possibly, actually c
When one thinks of art, various concepts may come to mind ranging from the Black Square by Malevich to Ginevra by Leonardo De Vinci, and few would dare to portray and present banal objects as pieces of art. Stuart Davis, a bold representative of modern art, has proved that objects ordinary as a saltshaker, Odol, or a mellow pad may be viewed as items pertaining to modern art and furthermore be exhibited in museums. Although Davis was associated with abstract concepts, he insisted on being considered a realist (Stokes 13). When Davis talked of his paintings he said that he was an American to the bone, he studied in America, and he painted what he saw in America’s daily life (Doss 116). His words truly relate to the quality of his paintings which are widely different from those found in Europe. An art lover might wonder what moved Stuart Davis to portray daily life as it is. Travis said that he was moved by skyscrapers, storefronts, trains, cars, planes and taxi cabs, and even electric signs (Jopp par.3). When Davis felt there was more to learn, he traveled to Paris where he familiarized himself with European Art and incorporated some of its elements into his painting (“Stuart Davis” par 4). The Salt Shaker displayed in the Museum of Modern Arts in New York presents interest for art lovers. It is an oil-on-canvas painting, credited as the Gift of Mrs. Edith Gregor Halpert. Painting dimensions are impressive for a Salts Shaker, 49 by 32 inches allowing even for tiny details to be seen. The Salt Shaker is seen differently by people and if one is not told that he is actually looking at a Salt Shaker, he might regard it differently. For some, the frothy, white background and black dots on it, the colored vessel may give the viewer an impression of a cup of coffee from your local coffee shop. Upon closer examination, an observant viewer may notice that the dots, in fact, represent tiny holes for sifting salt. Another thing that complicates the viewer’s perception lies in the colors of the Salt Shaker. Most Salt Shakers are made from glass, metal, or wood, although Davis himself noted that the one he had painted bears an exact resemblance to the Salt Shaker from a café in Paris (Strokes 213). The bifurcated yellow-and-white sphere above the Salt Shaker is most probably ahead of a lid. It also has two holes, black on yellow and white on black semisphere, which serve for the passage of salt. The Salt Shaker itself is contained in a second, bigger vessel. This form might be a container for pepper. Standing closer to the picture, the viewer will definitely notice the strokes of paint, which might be lost in reproduction. The big letter ‘S’ across the Salt Shaker perhaps represents the world ‘salt’. The painting has three horizontal red strokes of paint of various lengths and a red dot above them. It is hard to decipher and guess what was on the artist’s mind when he added them to the painting. There are two black arrows at the bottom of the shaker, one pointing up and the other pointing to the white corner. They may imply the
In his article, Diamond illustrates the political mayhem currently taking place in many nations of the Arab World. The current chaotic nature of these countries is because of political reformists that have sensitized the large mass of citizens about the significance of moving from dictatorial-type of ruling to democratic-type of governance. This document, therefore, critically analyzes these incidences and examines the causes and impacts of these occurrences in Arab world reformation, as illustrated in Diamond’s article. In the last few decades, most countries around the world have experienced major political revolts, all in a bid to oust tyrannical rulers, who have sunk their countries into havens of corruption, nepotism and other ills associated with bad governance. The revolts chiefly originated in Eastern Europe, where angry activists toiled hard, to uproot these autocratic rulers, and their regime of corruption and non-democracy. In the 1970s, for instance, countries such as Greece, Spain and Portugal had undergone this reformation and had transformed into democratically governed states. This phase was dubbed as the first wave of political transformation, with a shift from dictatorial rule to democracy. The second phases took place in Korea and Taiwan, with the Philippines following suit. The third occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where Muslim states took their frustrations to the streets to force out these leaders. Established political analysts around the world, now view the political mayhem happening in Arab world as a possible start of the fourth phase. Diamond also exemplifies how different leaders have been overthrown, paving way for democracy, examples being the Tunisian leader, and his Egyptian counterpart. Diamond, on one side, believes that the mass oppositions will bring liberation and end despotism in the concerned Arab countries (King 35). This is evident in countries such as Egypt, which is now headed for fresh elections that will bring in a new dawn of democracy (Ottaway and Amr 25). On the other hand, the article seems to differ with the protestors’ main call, ar
Human beings have experienced psychological disorders since the ancient ages which can be categorized into different groups. Psychological or otherwise known as mental disorders can be defined as patterns of behavioral expression or mental symptoms that can have various impacts on someone’s normal life (Anderson, 2002). Usually, they make the individual to be greatly distressed. There are several psychological disorders which have been diagnosed and listed in the psychiatric universal records. They include adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, dissociative disorders, impulse-control disorders, and mental disorders as a result of a general medical condition like depression due to diabetes. Clinical depression, one of the psychological disorders, can be defined as a mental illness that affects both the emotional and physical behavior of an individual over a period of several weeks (Anderson, 2002). It is characterized by such feelings as worthlessness, suicidal tendencies, sense of guilt, failure in concentration and decision-making, fluctuating appetite and sleep patterns and general loss of interest or pleasure. The depressed person will also exhibit weird behavior like shouting, violence, agitation, drug abuse, and general difficulty in social relationships. There are different perspectives of regarding depression as a psychological disorder. This research paper seeks to explore depression from a cross-cultural perspective with key focus on the conceptions of depression, its epidemiological aspects, different manifestations of depression, the evaluation of depression as a disorder, and the various hypotheses concerning depression. Under ordinary psychiatric diagnosis, depression has been regarded as being due to biological, genetic and psychological factors (Aldwin & Greenberger, 1997). Just like any other disease, depression has got no single cause. Extreme levels of neurotransmitters found in the brain caused by varying levels of body hormones can result in depression at a biological level. Other types of depression are genetic and can be inherited down the family lineage and in most cases result in bipolar disorder. Stressful experiences at work place, school, or home can play a significant role in the onset of depression among persons with the genetic makeup that increases the vulnerability of falling ill. Furthermore, recent research suggests that major depression can be experienced as a result of psychological changes involving the structure and functioning of the brain. These causes are the ones that have been clinically diagnosed by psychiatrists. However, there seems to be other perspectives of looking at depression among human beings, especially across different cultures and religious inclinations. Current researc
Finding Forrester is a movie focusing on a boy in search of a role model and finds it in a place he least expected and also in a person he least expected. The movie revolves around the story of Jamal Wallace and William Forrester with the most focus in his last days of life. The story presents life from the beginning and in its ending making an intertwined relationship between the two stages. The life of Wallace begins as that of Forrester ends. In a way, they came across each other and standing side by side at one time, they contemplate the crossroads they need to face and realize that the settlement is on a similar plateau. That plateau is in their meeting, interaction and parting at the death of Forrester. In an evaluation of conflict in Finding Forrester , there is evidential conflict between Jamal and Mr. Crawford. They have differences shown throughout the film. Mr. Crawford had multiple problems against Jamal. Most of the problems between the two characters rose from racial differences and in the intelligence of Mr. Crawford. The initial conflict is in the classroom. It begins with a question from Mr. Crawford to another student and Jamal gets into the conversation. In his opinion, Jamal wants to help the other student and he hints to the students to say his name as the answer to the question asked by the teacher. This instant makes Mr. Crawford very angry and he rebukes Jamal making certain quotations. However, each time he starts a quotation, Jamal jumps in to finish the quotation for him and he gets very mad at the boy. It is an embarrassing situation for Mr. Crawford and he orders Jamal out of his classroom. Apparently, Mr. Crawford is not ready to accept that Jamal know the quotes he was using and that intelligence proves to be something he cannot accept on the part
Objectives The research, which has been carried out is aimed at studying the causes and effects of drug and alcohol abuse. Moreover, it investigates the effectiveness of various treatment modes. Tasks The research should solve the following tasks. First, it is necessary to indentify the age groups, most inclined to drug and alcohol addiction, and ascertain the major reasons for it. Secondly, the research has to describe physical, psychological, and social effects of drug and alcohol abuse. The final stage is to discuss various treatment modes, especially their effectiveness. Expected Difficulties The data, provided by this research may not always be valid or reliable because respondents may be reluctant to discuss such highly sensitive issue as addiction with other people. For this reason, we have employed various research methods, such as qualitative and quantitative ones. Procedure The research should discuss the problem of addiction from various standpoints therefore the combination of research methods is needed. As regards, qualitative research methods, we may single out interactive or unstructured interview, written interview, and observation. As a research method, interactive interviewing has its advantages and disadvantages. First, we should mention the so-called “interviewer effect”. The interviewee’s response can be influenced by the presence of the interviewer. People are usually disinclined to discuss such issues with other person. Besides, the interviewer may have a prejudiced attitude, and therefore may distort the answers, that respondents give him. Another drawback of this method is that it is time-consuming. However, interview has certain advantages. First, an interviewer is able to ask qualifying questions the interviewee. In this research the preference was given to phone interview, in order to minimize “interviewer effect”. According to the data, obtained by this research method, we can draw the following conclusions. Almost eighty percent of respondents believe that addiction is mostly connected with the great number of stress situations. Thirty percent of respondents say that it is caused by some family conflicts that they have. Ten percent ascribe it to the problem of overwork. It should be taken into account that only ten percent of addicts admit that the main cause of their disease is the longing for new sensations and experiences. As we have already mentioned the validity of this method can be easily questioned, because an interviewer as the participant of this process can be biased in his judgment and his assessments of the results can be predetermined by his attitude. Along with oral interview, we have employ
Visiting a museum is a fascinating but challenging endeavor. Rich in emotions and impressions, a visit to a museum requires the basic knowledge of art. Visitors must be able to place themselves within the museum’s emotional and physical context. Reasons why people visit museums are numerous. Falk and Dierking (1992) are confident that the prevailing majority of visitors come to museums for leisure. Therefore, before a visit to a museum takes place, individuals must ensure that the anticipated context matches their desires and preferences and meets their financial and time expectations (Falk & Dierking, 1992). On August 23, 2011, I came to the Delaware Art Museum, located in Wilmington, Delaware. That was the first time I ever attended the Delaware Art Museum. The museum looked smaller than the one I had visited in Spain. It impressed me with its compactness, creating an atmosphere of physical and emotional density. The day I visited the museum, all three levels and fifteen galleries were open for visitors. A few other visitors and a group of young children were wandering through the museum’s corridors. On the second level of the Delaware Art Museum I suddenly felt joy and anticipation. As I approached George Tooker’s White Wall (1964-65), the sense of anticipation gradually increased. Tooker’s picture became a true revelation to me. A graphic representation of anxiety and iso
Being a therapist means that one should be able to understand the problems and concerns of their clients and see the way that the customer perceives them. This often might be a hard task, but it can be made even more complicated if the patient and the therapist have different cultural backgrounds. It is no wonder that, for instance, ethnic matching is associated with better counseling results (Weiner & Craighead, 2010, p. 450). Therefore, it is crucial for a therapist to be culturally competent in order to be able to understand the patient’s cultural assumptions, unerringly identify their diagnosis, and choose the proper treatment. It is noted that the main aspects of diversity include a patient’s identity, culture, ethnicity, race, gender, age, sexual orientation, religion, and socioeconomic class (Faculty, 2014). The first and most obvious step for a multicultural therapist is to free oneself from any possible prejudice. To do that, it is worth taking time to carefully reflect upon one’s perceptions of the culture the client belongs to to explicitly see one’s own biases and feelings (Faculty, 2014); trying to track their origins should also be useful. It is also pointed out that considering one’s historical roots, worldview, and beliefs is one of the critical first steps for a therapist (Clay, 2010). Further, a therapist should study other cultures. Reading books and articles will prove useful. Also, learning a foreign language is recommended, for this will enable a therapist to see the limits imposed on people by their word and to understand cultural differences better (Clay, 2010). It is also worth interacting and socializing with other cultural groups, attending conferences and other research activities dealing with diversity, and putting oneself in a multicultural context. While interacting with patients, the open acknowledgment of any cultural differences is one of the most useful instruments for a therapist. Even the most obvious steps a therapist can make, such as directly inquiring about the client’s problems, might be considered impolite by representatives of other cultures, and the acknowledgment of the differences will help not to make a wrong impression on the customer (Faculty, 2014). It is also recommended to inquire about any aspects of the patient’s culture that the therapist does not understand, and to keep learning about various aspects of that culture. Even for a highly competent and experienced therapist, there will always be space for improvement, and cultural education
Introduction “I have been to the mountain” was Martin Luther King’s last speech before he was assassinated. In this speech, King aims at maintaining action by encouraging the civil rights activists to continue fighting for racial equality. He uses biblical references to pass his message across to the people. He says that just like the biblical Jews who suffered in the wilderness, but their descendants finally reached the Promised Land, so will the descendants of the black people in the United States. King rallies the people to keep fighting for their rights and never to give up. He refers to the many successes the movements have had so far. He realized that this was the best tactic to encourage the people to make sure that disillusionment does not overwhelm idealism. He compared past events and to make conclusions that all will be well in the future. On most occasions he uses the bible, for instance, he compares the Jews slaves who were persecuted in Egypt, but due to their perseverance, they lived until they were released and eventually reached the Promised Land, to the black slaves in America whom he believed would also finally be free. This was his central claim, which actually comes out clearly in this line “I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the Promised Land” (King 1). This served to encourage the civil rights activists to employ righteousness in their fight for equality. In this speech King was speaking directly to the sanitation workers who were striking in Memphis, but his intention was to reach all African Americans to encourage them to rally behind the movement so that they can achieve their civil rights. He uses many past events to support this claim. For instance, he uses past efforts to illustrate some of the civil rights successes. Among them are the sit-ins that happened in North Carolina, the freedom rides that were witnessed in the South, the Negro activism in states like Georgia, Albany, Alabama, and Birmingham, and also the many supporters who trooped to capital in 1963 to participate in the demonstration in which King gave his “I have a dream” speech. He also used those fighting injustice in Memphis, Alabama, and Selma to support his claim (King 1). King uses his oratory skills in this speech to create a role of activist to be played by his audience by retelling heroism stories in the past and assuring them that they will eventually succeed even without him around. He employs a superior relationship with the audience by using many personal examples in supporting his claim. This made the people realize that he was a very important person to them. The role of prophet that he gives himself makes people believe in every word that come out of his mouth. When he says “I want to thank God once more for allowing me to be here with you” (King 1), he bring
Introduction The promotion of every movie is a complex process that includes different elements, images, posters, trailers, interviews, and advertising campaigns. The central aim of all these tools is to attract viewers attention to a new product by appealing to their feelings, emotions and creating particular associations that will arise while looking at one of the phenomena mentioned above. In such a way, the creation of these visual aids becomes a difficult process, as specialists should consider the existing stereotypes and concepts popular among the target audience. For this reason, every product related to an upcoming movie should have several layers and inclinations to appeal to viewers on the subconscious level. Regarding the fact that images are one of the most frequently used tools to popularize different films and interest the audience, the given paper delves into the investigation of the poster devoted to the movie The Heart and analysis of imagery, shapes, fonts, symbols, and colors. First Impression First of all, the general impression that appears while looking at this image should be mentioned. The viewers might associate it with drama, thriller, or scary movie with violent acts or other problematic issues. The given p