ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
PowerPoint slide on Apple Inc. This aid is a PowerPoint presentation about Porter’s five forces that affect Apple Inc. The author begins with a brief description of the company and its history and then looks into the external forces that affect the company’s business using Porter’s five models. In the ‘degree-of-rivalry’ section, he identifies the Windows Operating System, Microsoft, and Linux as some of the software competitors. Dell and HP compete with the company in the hardware sections while Samsung, Napster, and Creative belong to the music and device industries. Under ‘threat of new entrants’, Apple Inc must deal with disruptive technologies from Google, and streaming video and audio technologies from Verison or iTunes. Concerning the bargaining power of suppliers, Apple is confronted with powerful computer memory processors, such as IBM, Intel, or Motorola). It is also supplied by strong movie or music production firms like Disney, Warner Brothers, Sony, Fox, and Universal. Under the ‘bargaining power of customers’, Apple Inc. must also deal with a formidable consumer market. They can download and share music for free using applications such as Limewire. Besides that, most retailers pressure the company to reduce prices. Lastly, the teaching aid talks about a high threat of substitutes in the industry. Customers can use different methods of accessing music such as DVDs and CDs. They may opt for satellite radio or other sources of videos such as Cable ( Apple Inc 5 ) . The content relates to chapter 3 of “Understanding Business Strategy” by Ireland et al., which talks about the external environmental analysis. In that section, it is noted that an organization’s external environment may consist of industry-related forces, market-based forces, and the macro-environment. Porter’s five forces assist in an analysis of the industry-related forces. They prepare their companies to align their strateg
Technology exercises a significant influence over the modern life. Ordinary people cannot imagine their life without modern devices at present. Besides, because of the population growth the amount of necessary goods and services increases permanently. In compliance with this tendency the growth in number of shops and services is attributed to current changes. It is caused by need to increase amount of available products and goods. Thus, the amount of companies which provide the effective management of this production is grown as well. They ensure control, storage, handling, goods tracking and provide an optimal treatment and economical disposition of the available space. This work is devoted to the analysis of functions of one of these systems. Google search engine was used for the searching. After the web search Rockwell Automation has been selected among the representatives of storeroom services. Rockwell Automation has offices around the world and this indicates that the company is trusted. The company demonstrates its capabilities effectively and it allows Rockwell Automation to stand out from the rest. Other companies such as Schneider Electric or Fanuc Corp were insufficient because of their shortcomings. These shortcomings are uncomfortable information provision, lack of services, and bad management. The company’s website is fully efficient: necessary information could be easy found. It also shows the complex approach to a customer’s needs offering the four-step management process. Rockwell Automation refers to industrial automation systems. It is the world’s largest company in this field. The company is notable for the fact that it issues a leadership journal. Thus we can get to know some representatives of the board of directors better. First of all the customers’ needs are to be studied for the necessary issues highlighting. In this step equipment and space is described. Company’s experience shows that this step is in such high demands. In the design step the company used to manage the redesign and rationalization. It can also try using the alternative methods such as the equipment migration. The third step of implementation consists of measurements for reducing costs and productivity improvement. In the last step reporting system is in such high demands helps in the creation of effective conditions of a customer’s business. One of the initial input functions is the optimal goods movement within the storage room. The output flow provides that goods need to be loaded with the help of transport. The company also provides such opportunities as layout and design of storerooms. Rockwell Automation controls the consistent run of production and the high r
The article “An Invariant Dimensional Liability Model of Gender Differences in Mental Disorder Prevalence” focuses on mental disorders and their differences in both men and women. Throughout this research article, the main research topic comes out clearly to be an impact of gender on diverse comorbid mental disorders. This happens due to the result of observed gender differences in mental disorders, where women are seen to have more effects to some extent compared to men. The existing gender differences in the prevalence rates of a number of mental disorders have been found in many research studies. In this respect, the article explains different theories and research studies along with their findings and conclusions on gender differences in specific disorders. Also, the mentioned article takes into account comorbidity (Harkness, Alavi, 2010). The research problem investigated in the article is the fact that defines whether there exists gender difference in prevalence rate of disorders as reported by several epidemiological studies or not. Their study also wanted to find out if it was possible to make a reliable model to show how a specific gender affected mental disorders. From the study, it has been found that at first gender differences exist in mental disorders and have a great effect. Secondly, there are mood along with anxiety and disorders that are emotional commonly observed in females or women. Men are known to have a high rate of drug disorders. Women have higher internalizing level and men have higher externalizing level (Grant, & Weissman, 2007). There are other studies that show that women are more influenced by such disorders as anxiety, dysthymia, social phobia, panic disorder, at high prevalence rates than men. On the other hand, men are associated with high rate of alcohol, drugs, and antisocial personality disorders. The researchers identified that these differences had also been identified in other research studies carried out before. It has been found that the social phobia and panic disorders are the internalizing dimensions that are at high prevalence rate in females. Contrary, the externalizing dimensions are mostly are as a result of with nicotine, drugs, and other disorders that are antisocially dependence (Leedy, & Ormrod, 2011).  1. Are there gender differences that exist in disorder prevalence rates?  2. Are disorders often comorbid?  3. Is it possible to develop a liability model to elaborate on the effect of gender on different mental disorders?  4. What are the patterns of disorder comorbidity? When we try to find out the solution to the first question,
Introduction The website that has been selected for this review is the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses’ website. The website is a platform that allows medical-surgery nurses to interact. In addition, it provides information on nursing issues, especially in the field of medical-surgical nursing. Also, it contains information concerning certification, resources to assist medical-surgical nurses to practice, and ways in which nurses can advance professionally. The website was located through Google search by using the search terms ‘nursing websites.’ Selection of the website involved locating the most appropriate domain name. Websites ending with ‘.org’ or ‘.gov’ were considered to be more desirable compared to those that did not. The rationale behind the selection was that the website met the selection criteria. First, its web address ends with ‘.gov’ or ‘.org.’ and deals with issues related to nursing. The credibility of the Website Assessing the credibility of a website requires a multifaceted approach (Metzger, 2007). With this in mind, this paper will assess the credibility of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses’ website. More focus will be on the evaluation of the content of the site and the site itself. The paper will examine the authority of the site, the information provided, its objectivity, ease of navigation, privacy, and security policies. Authority Authority is defined as the trustworthiness, or expertise of the sources of the information on the website. There are two categories of authority. They include the authority of the publisher and the authority of the writer. The selected website is owned by the academy of surgical-medical nurses. As such, the organization is the author and the publisher of the information through its members (Mattus, 2007). Most of the content on the site is developed by nurses or the nursing profession. The content is mainly used for research purposes. Also, the website has professional resources. As such, it reinforces the idea that the authority of the website is credible. The website indicates it’s owned by the organization, Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses. Such reputable organizations are viewed to provide credible information by readers (Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, 2014). Information Information on the site is mostly about su
Introduction Currently, businesses have ventured into international markets while at the same time maintaining their domestic market share for various reasons. With the emerging competition among business organization, an organization can easily shut down if not in a position to cope with or outdo actions taken by competitors (Harvey & Moeller, 2009). Various business organizations have started merging into international markets for several reasons that include growth, expansion, and survival. The concept of competition can highly be attributed to the mushrooming of multinational corporations, which has been experienced in the recent past and the trend continues (Briscoe, Schuler & Claus, 2009). The situation While many other competitors trend on this path, our organization had a decision to remain into the domestic market due to careful scrutiny of the company’s performance and the fact that it had remained in the market for quite a long time and enjoyed excellent performance while in the domestic market. In addition, the management had considered the fact that remaining in the domestic market would be one of the ways of keeping the organization’s vibrant culture alive. However, there has been a move by the management of the company to move into the global business due to various reasons. For instance, the company looks into the international market for fear of losing all its grounds to global competition. However, the company is also unwilling to resize the organization through laying off employees as one of the
For Asia and Asian governments, WWII had severe ramifications. Due to a scarcity of resources, the great colonial powers from Europe were left weak and unable to administer their colonies during WWII. They were preoccupied with their own issues, and the emergence of anti-imperialist sentiments at home slowed the decolonization process. After what they had seen after WWII, colonies were not ready to be colonized again. After the war, colonies that had aided their colonial rulers were awarded independence. Examples of countries that regained independence include the Philippines from the United States of America in 1946, India from the United Kingdom in 1947, Ceylon and Burma in 1948, and others. Prior to WWII, Japan has had an ambition of expanding its influence over other states. The invasion of Manchuria in 1931 marked the start of Japan’s East Asian expansion, which proceeded in 1937 with a deadly campaign on China. Japan joined the military alliance known as the “Axis” when it signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy. The United States imposed economic sanctions on Japan in order to deter Japanese aggression and force the evacuation of Japanese soldiers from Manchuria and China. Faced with serious shortages of oil and other natural resources and motivated by a desire to dethrone the United States as the Pacific’s dominating power, Japan planned to assault the United States and British forces in Asia and take Southeast Asia’s resources. The modernity of the Japanese post-WWII indeed began in the 19th century. During this time, the Asian states have accepted the culture of the West, which allowed them to integrate into the global society and develop relationships, including economic partnerships with other nations outside Asia.
Background, Differences, Challenges, and Barriers Evidence-based practices (EBP) are the essential methods, which are frequently used. Thyer and McNeece (2014) define them as “treatment based on the best available science,” and it clearly outlines the current attitude toward their implementation (p. 8). The evidence-based practitioner shall consult the empirical literature for the most accurate choosing the appropriate interventions (SW Classes, 2016a). Moreover, the worker relies on the efficacy data and utilized hypothesis-testing, a systematic approach that sets clear goals, develops an individualized treatment plan, and assists in progress monitoring (Thyer & McNeece, 2014); (SW Classes, 2016b). EBP is based on different research methods: systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-experimental studies, case-control and cohort studies, pre-experimental group studies, surveys, and qualitative studies (Thyer & McNeece, 2014, p. 10). In addition, distinct practices have their areas of focus, contexts, challenges, and implementation barriers. Instances of EBP are clinical, macro, community, administrative, and policy (Thyer & McNeece, 2014). The difficulty of their implementation depends on the mentioned methods. For instance, RCT may not contain enough information about the potential for bias, which ethnic group the participants belong to, and the legitimate random conduct. There is a necessity to ensure the client does not know that they receive less credible intervention than regular ones, as the placebo is used for control (Thyer & McNeece, 2014). Therefore, it might be challenging to implement such a practice in social work treatment. Pre-experimental research is even less credible and complicated for a practitioner to utilize because of the absence of control groups and evaluating only the client’s well-being after receiving treatment (Thyer & McNeece, 201
Introduction The ethical decision-making model as advanced by Cooper (2009) offered a way through which sequences of questions can be formulated to provide guidance to the public administrators in a systematic evaluation of identical and challenging moral predicaments. The model has varied features that involve various levels of views concerning ethical apprehensions ranging from expressive to moral reflections. In between the levels of perspectives are the moral rules and the ethical analysis. The Coopers decision-making model also includes sequences of steps that are iterative and back-looping (Cooper, 2012). The steps range from the description of the dilemma to finding the fit or ethical resolution. Within the continuum of the series of steps are the definitions of the ethical issues involved, ascertaining the unconventional method as well as having a forecast of the conceivable consequences (Cooper, 2012). The varied features and consequences remain critical in the analysis of the Corcoran case. Description of the Situation and Ethical Issues Involved in the Case The case of Corcoran State Prison presents ethical situations that involve public administrators as well as the civil servants. The case revolves around the two prison guards Rigg and Caruso who were discontented with the manner in which the inmates were being treated. Rigg and Caruso were particularly not happy with the way the inmate, Preston Tate, was treated and finally murdered by fellow prison guards and how the guards manipulated the reports in order to justify their actions (Dryburgh, 2009). According to Rigg and Caruso, the actions of the fellow prison guards were unwarranted and amounts to unethical behavior as well as contrary to the mission and values of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDOCR). The core values of the department are based on integrity, justice and accountability, which were constantly being violated by the prison guards either by their conducts or their correctional strategies. Description of the Possible Course of Action the Guards Could Have Taken Exposing the unethical behaviors was not been the only action Caruso and Rigg could have taken. In fact, there were various options which included creating change within the organization through inventing new strategies of dealing with inmates’ violent behaviors (Cooper, 2012). Besides, Rigg and Caruso could have opted to use ethical procedures by involving the authorities within the prison ranks not only within the Corcoran correction department but also from the major corrections departments within the state and at the federal levels. Moreover, Caruso and Rigg could have retrained the other prison guards on the moral issues and values of the organization as well as the consequences. The Reasons Why They Chose to be Whistle Blowers Rigg and Caruso decided to go public after all the alternative strategies failed. In fact, the attempts made by Caruso and Rigg to create change within the department failed before turning to the FBI for help (Dryburgh, 2009). Caruso and Rigg
The downfall of an eight-story clothing factory in Rana Plaza on the peripheries of Dhaka on April 24th slew at least 400 persons and wounded much more. It was perhaps the nastiest manufacturing accident in South Asia since the Bhopal tragedy in 1984, and the vilest ever in the vestment business. Resident police and a trade association had cautioned that the construction was hazardous. The proprietors supposedly replied by intimidating the employees who did not continue working routinely. Much of the responsibility lies with Bangladeshi management of all kinds, which have made only basic efforts to carry out the national construction code, specifically contrary to the governmentally well-connected landowners. With a blessing, the decrees will now be applied, but no one assumes much. The transnational corporations are now in the limelight, whose commands from the native factory possessors have led to the recent quick progress of the clothing industry in Bangladesh, which takes second place after China among the countries that export clothing. Most of the brands that are known worldwide now are suspected of taking advantage of unwell salaried employees with a heartless indifference to their protection. Two concerns whose goods were found in the ruins of Rana Plaza have hastily sworn to recompense the losses to the sufferers and their relatives. But the issue is a lot more serious than that. Clothing corporations, in spite of everything, have faced corporate social responsibility. Driven by the prior scandals over working environments in wide-ranging sweatshops, multinationals like Nike have struggled to cope with the complications like child labor. Here and now, the catastrophe in Dhaka demonstrates how much of a problem it is to state that your goods are properly sourced in every sense of those words. The accident at Rana Plaza proves that nowadays the CSR is more controversial than ever. Lots of limits in the governmental mechanisms and globalization cost lots of money to the industry. It is pretty obvious that the administration did not pay attention to their workers’ requests as they needed to get the work done. But no one surely knows where the limits of the corporate social responsibility really are. To recognize whether the CSR is modestly trying to impose the ethical standards applied within the company on its customers or just trying to vigorously fool its customer base to profit massively has become a complicated task lately. The CSR might have been a winning strategy on the management’s playbook, but they have never been seen to play on the same team with their employees and abused them, which, in turn, is a direct violation of the general corporate social responsibil
Introduction There are many professional organizations in the world today which are formed by practitioners in a given field. This is, for example, professional organizations for doctors, lawyers, writers, among others. Professional accountants around the world are also organized into professional bodies, given the fact that their work involves a lot of professionalism. In Britain, a chartered accountant is perhaps one of the most prestigious titles and achievements in this profession. A chartered accountant is a title that is used to describe a professional accountant who is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in their country (Australian Financial Review [AFR], 2011). Chartered accountants are usually found in British countries or countries that were under the colonial rule of the British. The professionals must be trained and work under the supervision of a practicing chartered accountant for about three years before they qualify to become chartered accountants. This is in addition to a set of structured written tests within and without a classroom setting. After meeting all the requirements and becoming a chartered accountant, the professional is then given the title of an ‘ACA’, which is added to their name (AFR, 2011). Chartered accountants are to be found in many areas in the business and public sectors. They can go into private and provide services such as auditing, accounting, and other financial consultancy services. Their services are also significant in commerce and in the public sector. To this end, they can provide services in fund management, financial reporting, among others. Chartered accountants in Australia are affiliated to the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (herein referred to as ICAA). This is the organization that represents and regulates the activities of these professionals in the country. According to AFR (2011), this organization has about 66000 members as of the year 2011. This number is made up of both chartered accountants and accounting graduates drawn from universities all over Australia. Chartered accountants comprise about 54000 of this number (AFR, 2011), while graduates are about 12000 in total, making it one of the largest professional organizations in the country. Like other chartered organizations around the world, ICAA has several roles when it comes to the conduct of accountants in the country. It is noted that the major role of this organization is to regulate the activities of its members within and without Australia. Any complaints made against a member of this professional body will be investigated, and disciplinary action is taken where necessary (AFR, 2011). The organization is also tasked with the duty of improving the standards of the quality of education that is offered to accountants in the country. ICAA also encourages affiliate organizations to adopt corporate social responsibility policies. This is given the fact that the organization recognizes the importance of giving back to the community as far as businesses are concerned.