ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract A computer is an important device for managing huge data. The introduction of computers, therefore, has improved the level of service delivery and thus enhances convenience and comfort. This has also helped governments to achieve economic benefits. Use and Benefit of Computer The computer is a scientific device that accepts log-in information and thereafter manipulates it to produce the desired result based on the program of instruction on how data is to be processed. Computer technology has been around for hundreds of years, “for instance during the 17th century, Blaise Pascal invented the adding machine that operated as a digital calculator, but was only made up of mechanical gears, levers and counting wheels.” (Garson 1999, p, 43) The uses and benefits of computers are diverse and paramount for socio-economic development. Public administration offices were known for the mismanagement of public information. With the invention of the computer, today there is improved safety with the information in both public and private hands. This is therefore restoring the public trust in the ability of institutions to handle sensitive information. Next, organizations and public offices are known to handle a large volume of data, have been salvaged from huge workloads by the introduction of computers. Such large amounts of information include; benefit data like pensions, unemployment benefits, and other social services. Today, the huge crowd that used to gather by the government offices has considerably reduced. Another benefit accruing from the introduction of computers is the ability of the world to manage networks of communication. This has greatly improved the level of interaction of the world. Thus fostering friendship and economic improvements. This in conjunction with the world wide web and other internet services promotes globalization thereby making the world to be like a village. Before the introduction of computers, productivity
Description The companies which I have selected for this paper include AutoNation.Inc, Ford Motors, and Microsoft Corporation. These companies are considered as the A ranking companies in their respective sectors. Now after reviewing all these stocks, company profiles, and their financial positions, here is a report indicating their position within the stock market. AutoNation Inc. AutoNation Inc. is a service provider company so it operates in the services sector. They exclusively work in the automotive dealerships business segment restricted within the specialty retail industry. AutoNation Inc offers automotive products and services, including new vehicles, used vehicles, spare parts, and automotive services. Along with that it also offers automotive finance and insurance products. The company is currently having a sales volume of 3.8 million and has earned its last revenue of $10.2 billion. According to Navellier, the market capitalization of AutoNation, Inc is $3.5 billion with earning per share (EPS) equals $6.99 which is a good ratio. Its book value per share is $12.87, gross margin is 8.20% and its beta which is currently available is 1.43, again it is a very reasonable value. After reviewing ten years of the company’s history (10 years of history is available) it is found that weighted average historical high and low price to sales ratios provides a better idea of the stock’s current original value. Using this method, the company established a high range for the price of sales to 0.28 and the low end of the range at 0.17. Notice here that the existing price of sales per share ratio for AutoNation.Inc is 0.24 and it is somewhat more than its historical average. Sequentially to become more optimistic about AutoNation.Inc, it is required to observe a fall in the price of sales ratio to 3.01%, given current sales per share levels to go back to its past weighted average. Lastly, there is a graph showing you the company’s performance in the last few months. Ford motors Ford Motor Company operates in the consumer goods sector. They particularly function in the automotive manufacturers/major business segment limited within the automotive industry. Ford Motor Company is a producer of cars and trucks. Its production is divided into two sectors; one is automotive and the other is financial services. The company is currently having a sales volume of 95.4 million and has earned its last revenue of $127.5 billion. According to the Ford Motor Company Stock Report 2009, the market capitalization of Ford Motor is $23.2 billion with earning per share (EPS) equals $6.46 and it is a good ratio. Its gross margin is 19.40% and its beta that is currently available in 2.65, and it is a fairly practical value. Ford Motor Company has faced a very considerable drop in earnings and this drop in earnings could be a sign of bigger troubles in the company. Normally, in the case of the consumer services sector, which has shown huge progress in the market, it tends to be more uncertain to suggest stocks in that sector. However
The Persian Gulf regional system emerged in the early 1970s when the British withdrew from the protectorate to Persia. I pointed out that the hostility of natives of the Gulf was not the reason why the British army withdrew from Persia. As a matter of fact, the presence of the British army in the protectorate did not spark rebellions. Hostility from the people would have been the biggest threat to expel the British army from the protectorate, but that was not the case. However, the excerpt states clearly that the pressure that the British military should have left the Gulf came from within the British government. I was particularly impressed by the internal political pressure that came from within the British government and which prompted it to withdraw its forces from the protectorate. It was obvious that the British taxpayers would get tired of shouldering all the military expenses in the protectorate with no considerable gain. The political pressure that has been built within the Labor Party during the regime of Prime Minister Harold Wilson compelled government forces out of the protectorate. The control of the Gulf area, including South Arabia and the Crown Colony by London, was the biggest hindrance to the emergence of the Gulf regional system. In my opinion, the foreign influence of British troops hindered local development in the region since most self-proclaimed local leaders were answerable to the troops, and hence they could not make their own rational decisions. Though the excerpt was not particularly clear about other reasons that could have prompted the withdrawal of British military personnel from the Gulf area, the most outstanding reason was pressure on behalf of British taxpayers. The author of the excerpt succeeded in helping me understand why taxpayers’ influence was strong enough to force British troops out of the protectorate. He clearly states how parliamentarians from the Labor Party brought forth motions against the British military entering the region. Their main claim was that the British economy could no longer sustain its expenditure on the protectorate. He further notes that the British government had to seek assistance from the International Monetary Fund as it cut down its expenditure considerably. In my opinion, British withdrawal from the protectorate was not an economically-instigated move, but it came as a result of political pressure. This took place because the operations had been going on in the previous government until the regime of Prime Minister Harold Wilson. If the withdrawal really was as a result of economic reasons, it would have happened during the regime of the previous government. However, the fact that the withd
People have always been taking nature for granted. Although nature supplies all the necessary resources for people to survive, up until recently there has been little respect towards nature. However, even nowadays, a phenomenon known as consumption still makes the relationships between people and nature complicated. Because of high rates of consumption in the state of Indiana, the local natural resources are threatened (Ostrom); in addition, the safety of the environment is in peril due to the increased consumption rates, since the latter presupposes careless use of the natural resources and, thus, lack of care concerning the waste and other hazardous aftereffects of the natural resources use. According to the existing evidence, people’s activities, especially concerning the industrial field, shape environment greatly and, unfortunately, in a negative way. As the report provided by the Purdue Climate Change Research Center says, the climate in the state has been changed greatly, which, in its turn, affects the organic life in the state in the most deplorable way possible. Starting from the increase in the mean patch area and the reduction of the forest areas (“High value hardwoods are potentially threatened in Indiana,” the Purdue Climate Change Research Center (1) explains) to the rapid and hardly explainable changes in weather conditions (“The occurrence of conditions that spawn severe thunderstorms is likely to increase in Indiana”, the Purdue Climate Change Research Center (1) says), the effects of irrational consumption of natural resources and the incorrect waste disposal are bound to be tremendous. According to the existing evidence, the CO2 emissions pose the greatest threat to the Indiana environment. To people’s credit, it must be mentioned that there is no possible alternative for the Indiana dwellers, or, for that matter, for any citizen of the USA, to use other technological advances. Even though the CO 2 car emissions, which are considered the greatest threat to nature in general and the Indiana environment in particular, can be reduced by using either Hybrid cars or the vehicles that do not produce CO 2 , the solution will be either very costly, or extremely uncomfortable. The solution, however, can be found when considering the option of using vehicles more responsibly; for instance, regular maintenance of the vehicle combined with a less frequent use of the latter. However, not only cars that pollute the environment; household appliances also do their dirty job on a regular basis. Most of them, however, pass unnoticed, since they are considered an integral part of comfortable life. Therefore, such suggestions as turning down the thermostat by several degrees to make its impact on the nature less sever are a reasonable solution. As it can be seen from the examples above, following the principles of sustainability is an efficient compromise for the nature-versus-nurture dilemma. In fact, sustainable consumption is possible; while people can hardly offer anything in return for the natural resources, they can still use the resources reasonably, s
Introduction Cloud computing refers to a technology that is integrated with the Internet to enable computer users to access resources online. This technology has developed so fast that many users have already used it without their knowledge. Cloud computing is an innovative technology that converts the Internet to become a reservoir of applications (Sanchez 1). This implies that with cloud computing users need not to manually install the applications needed to open their documents. For instance, when a user needs to open a document that is in portable document format (PDF), he/she does not have to install that particular program into his/her computer because the software developer has made it available online (Higginbotham 1). However, before this technology is implemented it is important to know its pros and cons. This will go a long way in understanding the benefits and setbacks that lay ahead of both the users and the software developers. This paper will focus on cloud computing, mainly software as a service (SaaS), and the transformations it has injected into the use of computers as well as the competition that has emerged among cloud service providers. How Cloud Computing Works Without cloud computing, the usage of computers would be very difficult because the users would require the IT experts to help them to install the programs required to run the applications that are used in their devices such as laptops and mobile phones (Sarno & Salvador 1). This is because users would be required to have in-depth knowledge in computing. Marks argues that cloud computing has made sure that this scenario does not unfold because currently, there is no specific skills required to operate computers (1). For instance, when people want to interact through social networks they do not need to install the program that supports instant messaging. Unlike in other cases where users are made to purchase software and obtain licenses from the developers, cloud computing does not involve the user directly, but instead makes them pay via the charges that are imposed on them by the Internet service providers (Furht 35). According to New York Times, without cloud computing users would have to install the software they frequently use every time they are using a different computer or any other device (1), but as long as users are connected to the Internet, they need not to have saved their data in compact disks and flash disks. This is because the resources will be always available for use regardless of the users’ location. Benefits of Cloud Computing Firstly, cloud computing helps in slashing the operational costs. This is because organizations need not to purchase the software and other applications that they require (Marks 1). Besides, cloud computing creates a sense of
Blue Gold: World Water Wars is an award-winning documentary film directed by Sam Bozzo. This movie deserves human attention in several reasons. Being a documentary movie, it presents an objective vision of the future. The importance of this movie is in its critical vision of what is going to happen. People are so preoccupied with the present problems, that they do not notice the more important issues which are not connected with politics and economics. Blue Gold: World Water Wars is the movie that must be watch by each person as it considers environmental and political implications not for saving the nature and planet, but for saving humanity, because being too preoccupied with today’s problems which people consider as urgent, they have forgotten about their survival on this planet. Looking at the modern problems which preoccupy people, political, economic and environmental issues seem to be the most important. However, those who at least try to get a deeper vision of the modern world may understand what problems wait for mankind. The director of the movie has done it and he sees that neither the oil shortage, nor the greenhouse effect will destroy the global nation. Absence of water is what makes human lives last for days. It is impossible to reject the facts presented in the movie and which make it notable. People should think about survival, not about global politics. Remembering the human history, it is possible to understand that the greatest settlements were located near big rivers as people understood that water is a source of life. The movie presents several stories when people managed to live just seven days from the time when the last drop of water was in their organisms. Modern people do not notice the importance of water as they have it in excess. Nevertheless, ancient people understood the import6ance of water and worshiped on it as on God. The movie helps to understand that the problems of today are miserable in comparison with the tragedy which awaits people in the future. The film director clearly presents the future problem and points at the facts which confirm his idea. The video is supported with supportive examples and strict examples which may not be contradicted. Additionally, the proofs and scientific argumentation also important. This is not the amateur video about water shortage in the future. This is a professionally shot piece which presents argumentative and convincing proofs about the disaster which may be prevented if the pieces of advice are adopted for consideration. Therefore, it may be concluded that Blue Gold: World Water Wars is deserving movie for watching as it makes people think about the future, it helps people understand how miserable and unimportant the problems we try to solve now may be in the future. Watching the movie further and further I began to understand how important water for us, the natural resource which we d
Cultural and ethnic diversity in the European countries and the US is continually increasing, creating a need for a proper leadership channel that can handle this diversification (Love, 2010). Diversity is a driver of innovation since a diverse organization is expected to post 45 percent higher growth and a 70 percent chance of entering a new market (Hewlett, Marshall, & Sherbin, 2013). This paper discusses two articles on cultural diversity and gender diversity and its challenges to leadership. Great Leaders Who Make the Mix Work The first article reviewed is “Great Leaders Who Make the Mix Work,” published in Harvard Business Review. It discusses the interviews of 24 CEOs who have embraced diversification strategies in their organization (Groysberg & Connolly, 2013). The article aims to understand why diversity has become a priority for the CEOs of the companies, and the strategy they have undertaken to implement these goals (Groysberg & Connolly, 2013). The article also provides information regarding the implementation process and the prerequisite policy changes within the organization. The authors of the article point out that each leader had their way of approaching the issue of diversity within their organization. However, the importance of attaining diversification strategy within the organization was due to two broad reasons: (a) retaining competitiveness of the organizations after employing the diversity strategy and (b) morally, diversification of the organization is the right choice. Another reason for the organizations’ decision to embrace diversity is that it helps strengthen the company to meet the changing demands of a diverse customer base (Groysberg & Connolly, 2013). The article is divided into three distinct parts. The first deals with the reason for diversity based on the personal experiences of the CEOs, which propelled the need to incorporate a diversification strategy. Second, it discusses the “persistent institutional barriers” that hinder the growth of diversity within organizations (Groysberg & Connolly, 2013, p. 71). Third, the article presents a section on the leadership style of women and examines if they have a different leadership style. The fourth section will discuss the inclusive culture and the organizational practices that make the culture inclusive. The first section of the article presents the personal experiences of the CEOs. The CEOs belong to diverse ethnic, religious, and social backgrounds and are either men or women. The CEO of Avon is an Asian woman who points out that she was often the only Asian and a woman who sat with a masculine senior executives table, often faced the unnamed glass ceiling, and silently questioned about her authority as a woman and an Asian (Groysberg & Connolly, 2013). The CEO of MasterCard is an Indian Sikh named Ajay B
Introduction The acronym EFL stands for English as a foreign language where various tests are used to measure the communication and language competency of individuals who use English as a second or foreign language. The teaching and testing of EFL has been on the rise in the recent past as more and more people seek to have their language speaking skills evaluated in terms of their ability to promote communication competency (Davies 2000). There are various tests that are used to measure English as a foreign language but some of the most commonly used include TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), IELTS (International English Language Testing System), TSE (Test of Spoken English) and TWE (Test of Written English). The earliest works in language assessment in the US date back to the 1950s after pioneering studies were conducted by individuals such as Robert Lado and David Harris (Taylor and Falvey 2007). TOEFL, which was the first large scale assessment of measuring English, was developed by the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, New Jersey in the year 1961. The test was designed with the sole purpose of assessing the English language competency and ability of students who were applying to be admitted to either Canadian or US colleges and universities. TOEFL is still the most commonly used English language proficiency in the world and it is now also available in the Internet based format which is known as the TOEFL IBT. The other tests such as IELTS were developed in recent years to deal with the growing need for English language proficiency and competence testing for people applying for college admissions, work opportunities and training activities. The purpose of this study will be to assess the effectiveness of direct and indirect tests in measuring the communication competency of EFL learners as well as their abilities in speaking the English language (Silly 2006). Direct, Indirect and Semi Direct EFL Tests As mentioned in the introductory part of this discussion, the main focus of these tests is usually on the assessment of English as a second or foreign language in either the school, college or university context. The English language is also assessed on the basis of its use in the workplace and also in the cases of applicants using the tests for immigration, citizenship and asylum purposes. The main areas of assessment that are usually considered in EFL tests include