ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary Arterial blood gaseous analysis measures the pH, oxygenation, and carbon dioxide levels of oxygen in the bloodstream using artery collection and processing. The investigation is simple to carry out and provides helpful information for treating acute and chronic disorders. Using this data, you may determine a patient’s acid-base balance, gas exchange efficiency, and ventilatory regulation. Collateral blood oxygen levels in arteries and veins differ significantly; it is commonly acknowledged. As a result, arterial blood has been used for blood gas analysis, while venous blood has been used for the majority of laboratory tests due to its ease of collection (Schrauben et al., 2018). An arterial blood gas test should not be interpreted without taking the patient’s clinical history into account. Analysis of the Article Severely ill patients frequently have acid-base imbalances. These acid-base imbalances can be diagnosed and corrected utilizing arterial blood gas spectroscopy, the platinum standard in the area at the moment. Research has examined ABG and VBG results in individuals has tended to focus on connections between specific circuit elements of the laboratory instead of acid-base diseases’ detection and diagnosis (Schrauben et al., 2018). However, central VBG measures were used to assess acid-base abnormalities in a pathologically varied ICU sample, but their efficacy was not explored. When adjusting core VBG and ABG data for the correct acid-base ratio, the diagnostic consistency is higher. Older critically ill patients can gain from employing the primary VBG, which has detection abilities equivalent to the ABG, to recognize and treat acid-base abnormalities, even in unexpected conditions, with credible diagnostic performance (Schrauben et al., 2018). Compared to the ABG, this one has just a dramatically diminished adaptability to respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis, but it is completely adaptive to these conditions. Reference Schrauben, S. J., Negoianu, D., Costa, C., Cohen, R. M., Goldfarb, S., Fuchs, B. D., & Berns, J. S. (2018). Accuracy of acid-base diagnoses using the central venous blood gas in the medical intensive care unit. Nephron , 139 , 293-298. Web.
The challenge of drug and substance abuse has been prevalent among the youth for several decades. Evidently, some of the major drugs abused by the youth include cocaine, heroin, and marijuana. Although drug abuse encompasses improper use of drugs disregarding the prescriptions of medical practitioners, the principal challenges of drug abuse occasion from abuse of drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and marijuana. It is important to note that drug abuse has a number of challenges that comprise reduced performance at home and in school, poor health and development, and death in extreme cases. As such, drug and substance abuse is an issue that requires urgent solutions. It is within this context that the essay examines the issue of drug abuse among the youth. Fundamentally, some of the solutions that are useful in minimizing the effects of drug abuse include education on their effects and adoption of strict laws that discourage their supply. In essence, the solution regarding use of strict laws is one of the main solutions that when applied effectively, the challenges occasioned by abuse of drugs becomes minimal. The implication of the solution and its effectiveness means that law enforcers and the state need to institute its policies and regulations in order to discourage circulation of these drugs in the society. Some of the policies initiated by the solution that effectively discourage dealers and smugglers from introducing the drugs into the society include penalties and fines. Penalties such as imprisonment and fines are among the penalties that can discourage purchase and use of drugs among the youth. Remarkably, when the state and law enforcers impose penalties that are successful in minimizing smuggling of drugs into the society, the issue of abuse and related challenges reduce. Some of the reasons that compound the need to impose strict laws on drug dealers and smugglers include reduced circulation drugs in the society, minimized effects of drugs among the youth, and minimal cases of juvenile delinquency. The three reasons that occasion from the use of the policy substantiate its practical nature in the aspect of drug abuse. Notably, drug and substance abuse make the youth perform poorly in school and at home, initiate problems like poor health, and death. Moreover, drug abuse among the youth leads to problems such as increased criminal cases. Therefore, by using a policy that discourages smuggling of drugs into a state, the youth cannot acquire the drugs and abuse them. As a result, the challenges and problems associated with abuse of drugs reduce and the society becomes liberated from the problems linked to use of drugs among the youth. Drug abuse is a serious challenge that has existed for several decades. Principally, the youth are among the highly affected individuals as they are the main abusers of drugs. Drug abuse
Introduction The development of the cities, irrespective of their size, population, and geographical location, is basic for the development of the whole country as far as recently the global trend towards deregulation and authority decentralization has been observed. This means that cities, even the small ones, acquire larger importance in the political, economic, and social life of the country. Needless to say, the domestic life and development of any city is also rather important for the development of the society of the USA. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be the comprehensive analysis of the demographic, political, economic, etc. aspects of the development of the city of Coral Gables, Florida. The analysis of the aforesaid factors will be carried out with the help of the reputable Internet resources, the official web site of the city of Coral Gables. Demographics Per Capita Income The analysis of the demographics is paramount for the understanding of the overall picture of the city’s development. First of all, it is necessary to state the population of the city and calculate the growth rates of the per capita income that Coral Gables citizens enjoy annually. Thus, Coral Gables, Florida is the city with the population amounting to 43, 000 people (Coral Gables, 2009). The interesting fact is that the major part of the mentioned population consists of the white-collar workers whose annual per capita income levels equal $60, 000. Taking into account the fact that the average household income amounts to $128, 288, the per capita income rates can be stated to grow over the recent years by 10% on the average (Coral Gables, 2009). Based on the same facts, the city of Coral Gables proves to be a perspective and potentially highly-developed city (Coral Gables, 2009). Age Groups The same can be stated in respect of the age distribution in the Coral Gables population. First of all, the median age in the city equals 38.1 years, while the gender distribution of the average age is as follows – the average age for males is 37.2, while females’ average age is 39.0 years (Coral Gables, 2009). Drawing from the city official statistical data, the conclusion can be made about the population in Coral Gables getting younger recently. The age distribution among the city inhabitants places the males of age under 20 in the group of 11% of the whole population, while males of 20 to 40 years constitute 14%, and those 40 to 60 years amount to 13% of the population (Coral Gables, 2009). The people of more than 60 years a
Alan Poe’s tale explores the state of mind of a character in decadence. It is interesting that the main character (both the narrator and protagonist) introduces himself at first as a person who in his childhood is docile and sensitive. As the tale unfolds, the narrator/protagonist, in perhaps an expiation of guilt, tries to describe how his mind and spirit were functioning when he committed the atrocities on the black cat and later his wife. The tragic end shows that an absurd crime is absurdly uncovered. While the process of change from such ‘docile’ nature to a vile one is not explained, the state of mind in which the crimes are perpetuated is described. The first series of crimes were committed on the black cat, Pluto. Pluto from all the pets that the protagonist owns is his favorite. However, as the protagonist’s character was ‘altering for the worse, as he puts it, even Pluto is not spared. A first crime is committed against it; his owner intentionally causes it blindness in one eye. At this point of narration, the blame is put on alcohol which is qualified as the ‘Fiend Intemperance’. As soon as the protagonist is sober, he reflects upon his act. Elaborate self-introspection is shared with the reader. The clarity of the analysis demonstrates that the introspection has come much later in time than the actual moment when the effect of alcohol is over. The narrator puts a name onto the attributes of the demeanor that has led to the crime: the spirit of Perverseness. It is the attribute he gives to the act of committing a gratuitous crime. By the time the second crime has taken place whereby the cat is killed and hanged up, the psychological motive of the perpetrator is more elaborately described. Pluto’s pitfall in the eyes of the protagonist is its unconditional love of the animal and the sheer power in hands of the protagonist to commit the sinful crime. The theme of love and how the twisted character of the protagonist deals with it is further developed with the introduction of the other cat into the narrative. The other cat somehow comes into the story to better elucidate the decadent character of the protagonist. At first, when the new pet is introduced to the narrative, especially that there is a clear physical resemblance with Pluto, the reader is tempted to believe that the new character may be a tool of redemption. As the narrative develops, it becomes clear that the protagonist follows the same pattern of returning love with cruelty. The affection that the new pet unconditionally offers to its owner is faced with growing repulsion on the part of this latter. These two dynamics ascend to a point where the aversion leads to the fatal and ultimate crime in the tale, the killing of the wife. The protagonist’s wife is mistakenly killed while the target is in fact the cat. This yet tragic event does not bring in any improvement in the main character’s personality. The protagonist is overwhelmingly relieved that the cat disappears upon the killing and the walling up of the wife, leaving little room to actually reflect on the crime. The tale ends with the
Introduction It has been established that MoonLucks’ expansion to China and Egypt, which is going to be combined with the termination of operation of fifteen locations in other countries, is likely to involve several difficulties relating to culture, ethics, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The identified difficulties include the cultural issues of organizational culture establishment and cultural conflict management in new locations as well as the ethical challenge of the implementation of ethical and CSR policies. Moreover, there is the ethical issue of dismissals in the closed chops and the CSR challenge of ensuring the fulfillment of all the company’s responsibilities in the new locations. Measuring Identified Issues Multiple measurement tools for issue identification and effectiveness assessment have been developed and successfully applied throughout the history of HR studies. Nowadays, it is recommended to combine approaches (for example, a normative approach will benefit from the introduction of qualitative surveys and vice versa) and take into account the context of the company, which presupposes customizing measurement solutions to particular needs (Guest 2011; Paauwe 2009). Some of the components of HR management are not quantifiable and intangible (Boxall & Purcell 2011, p. 102), for example, the issues that are related to organizational culture establishment, but some measurements can be suggested even for them. With respect to cultural issues, the key quantifiable measure is the existence of conflicts that can be monitored through the establishment of MoonLucks’ customized reporting form and the distribution of monitoring roles among the managers, including HR ones. Concerning dismissals, this issue requires proper documentation, but the company keeps its workers’ profiles in order, which is why no additional measures are needed here. The policies and codes implementation, as well as CSR enforcement, will be quantified with the help of the cases of misconduct; also, the outcome measures will be applicable, but they evaluate the company’s success in the relevant solutions implementation, which is why they can be found in part “Measuring Outcomes.” Addressing Identified Issues It is apparent that the identified issues can be addressed through HR decisions that are incorporated into the company’s current strategy. In particular, the implementation of the code of ethics and CSR norms and standards will begin the process of the problem resolution. To proceed with it, the employees will need to receive the appropriate training in line with MoonLucks’ standard procedures that also typically involve team-building, which makes the solution multifunctional. After that, the appropriate reporting an
Introduction The Euro is expected to fall in the coming year. Speculations are that the EU will not be able to retain its common ground and, therefore, will lead to the fall of the EU economies. This is discussed in the article published in The Economist on 26 November 2011 (Economist, 2011). The article discussed for macroeconomic analysis is based on the recent speculation on the prospect and future of Euro that arose due to the increasing debt burden of some of the European Union countries. The article provides a detailed understanding of the impact the fall of Euro will have on the economies and the reasons why such a future is expected to arise. This paper first discusses the article in detail and then presents an analysis of the issues discussed from economic perspective. Then it attempts to provide a possible solution to the problem derived from the analysis. The Article The article in The Economist discusses the increasing pressure on the eurozone countries of the increasing debt burden that is leading to monetary tightening, lower investor and consumer confidence, and subsequently lower growth. The article discusses the surging pressure of Euro as many of the countries like Greece and Italy have to be bailed out of their public debts. The currency index for Euro has gone down to 47.2, which is considered bad when below 50. The German bonds failed to be sold in auction this year, and the bond yield for some countries like Spain and Italy has gone up to 7% mark. The article presents the apprehension of the eurozone getting into a recession due to the following reasons “credit crunch, tighter fiscal policy, and a dearth of confidence” (Economist, 2011). However, the Euro’s exchange rate has not declined, and the reason is in the consolidated Euro fund, but the households and the private sector will soon be affected due to the paucity of credit and increasing interest rates. Due to the weakening of the financial position, governments, like that of France, Spain, and Italy, are aiming at budgetary cuts and austerity. This is expected to reduce growth in the economy, and overall it is expected that the growt
The twentieth century became a turning point in the destiny of women. For many years the most important role of a woman was to give birth to a child and bring up a successful member of society. For many years women had no opportunity to get a good education, not because women are less clever, but because their social role did not predetermine any education except the one which is necessary for the aspect of social role. Women could not take part in such aspects of social life as voting. In other words, a century ago women were devoid of any pleasure and attractiveness of life to which men were accustomed. The range of interests of an average woman was limited by family interests, nothing more, and nothing less. In the story Sweat by Zora Neale Hurston one can find lots of examples of social inequality of women and men. In the novel, the author highlighted that the position of a woman depended not only on her status as “a woman”, but also on age, income, race, religion, occupation, etc. In other words, the position of a woman was rather difficult for many years. For the clear representation of women who lived at the beginning of the twentieth century, the author applied such a trick as a depiction of local color. On the one hand, it represented a true social situation, and on the other hand, it helped to illustrate the life of Afro-American people at the beginning of the twentieth century. The speech of the story’s character serves as the main technique to underline the culture, religion, social place, and geographical location of the place where the story is held. The author skillfully applies the dialect of the Afro-Americans. For example, in such a way, she demonstrates the level of education of people. If to be more correct, Zora Neale Hurston shows that the majority, if not all, Afro-American people in the 1930s were illiterate. Of course, it could not influence the level of general culture and system of values: “Yo sho is one aggravatin’ nigger woman!” (Hurston 206). From the phrase “Gawd! how Ah hates skinny wimmen!” (Hurston 207) we can see that the author highlighted that level of communication was pure. It was the phrase of Sykes: it is the understandable form it that the man does not respect any woman, for him a woman is a just a miserable living creature, but not a personality. The dialect used in the story hints that development takes place in the southern part of the United States. In such a way Zora Neale Hurston makes a reader think over a historical context of the area, Eatonville. It is not a secret that the social situation for Afro-Americans was more difficult just there. In this aspect, the author suggests that economical status was another reason for such social problems. Language was the most important technique to deliver social stagnation in the 1930s. Although Zora Neale Hurston was criticized for she crammed the story with samples of the dialect, still, it is obvious that it was the best way to depict the local color of Afro-Americans in 1930s, making it sound real. The writer applied local speech to deliver to readers, black and white, men and women, the true description of life, culture, and
The Tet Offensive represented a coordinated action of North Vietnamese attacks on over a hundred cities and outposts in South Vietnam. The key objective of the offensive was to initiate rebellion among the population of South Vietnam and therefore force the United States to decrease its role in the Vietnam War 1 . The Tet Offensive led to a large number of casualties; however, it resulted in a strategic victory of North Vietnam and the withdrawal of the United States from the escalation of military conflict in the region 2 . Studying the Tet Offensive from the perspective of changes in the United States’ domestic and foreign policy is important because the country had played a significant role in the Vietnam War. The Tet Offensive initiated a significant media coverage and the subsequent bias. The American public was greatly misinformed of the real events that took place in the region 3 . The reality of American victory was reported as if the country among South Vietnam were defeated. For instance, it was reported that the Vietcong managed to overrun several floors of the United States embassy when in fact the former had never been found inside the building 4 . Also, the news reported wounded marines huddling under cover or being dead while in reality, the Marines were fighting and causing casualties among the enemy. Such a coverage of the attacks led to the warped representation of reality for Americans, leading to significant changes in foreign and domestic policies of that time. Bibliography Gillam, James. “Historical, Social, and Personal Effects of a War and a Battle: The Vietnam War, and the Tet Offensive.” Journal of Third World Studies 12, no. 2 (1995): 14-43. Herman, Arthur. “ The Tet Offensive Revisited: Media’s Big Lie. ” National Review , 2018. Web. Huebner, Andrew. “Rethinking American Press Coverage of the Vietnam War, 1965-68.” Journalism History 31, no. 3 (2005): 1-6. “ Johnson’s Defense of the U.S. Presence in Vietnam (1965). ” Pearson Mag , 2009. Web. Footnotes  1. James Gillam, “Historical, Social, and Personal Effects of a War and a Batt
The Euro Crisis, which has turned out to be one of the worst crises in the region’s history has affected almost every country, directly or indirectly. However, the Euro Zone countries have largely felt the effects of this crisis, which has persisted beyond the expectations of many leaders, with several measures being considered to mitigate its effects. One of the countries, which have largely suffered as a result of the crisis, is Greece. This essay discusses the Financial Crisis in Greece, highlighting some of the causes and measures, which have been undertaken in recent months. The financial crisis in Greece was caused by efforts to expand the public sector during the reign of Andreas Papandreou as the Prime Minister. During this time, the Prime Minister championed the interests of his country within the European Community, resulting into grants and agricultural subsidies (Belkin 2011). He also awarded favors to several disenfranchised social groups and trade unions, which had previously suffered. As a result, the deficit of the Greece accumulated as the government sourced funds to sustain the public sector. Additionally, the financial crisis has been attributed to excessive borrowing, which rose to alarming levels in early 2000s, after the country adopted the Euro as its currency. This considered as the main cause of the crisis as Greece’s debt became unsustainable in 2009. Other factors include corruption, inefficient public sector, progressive tax system, and uncompetitive economy. As a result, several measures have been undertaken to save the country’s economy. For instance, the European Union and the IMF have been on the frontline in offering rescue packages since 2010. Moreover, the government has stepped-up its efforts in fighting corruption, tax evasion and improvement of the economy. In recent days, several austerity measures have been approve by lawmakers, including wage reduction, raising the retirement age to 67 and lowering benefits (Belkin 2011). Time value of money It is doubtless that the value of money is essential in determining a number of factors like the stability of the economy and inflation. Based on the current value of money, some people may opt to be paid in future because of projected high value of money. On the other hand, there are moments when the value of the same amount of money today could be much higher than that of the same amount in the future. This is generally referred to as time value of money, commonly abbreviated as TVM. Time Value of Money plays a major role in explaining the finance theory and is widely considered as a major tool in carrying out a wide-range of calculations. In fact, it is regarded as the basic foundation of almost all financial notions in the market. In essence, the impact of the time value of money is normally felt when dealing with government, business,