ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract COVID-19 hit the world last year, causing enormous losses in every field. Media was a key player during this worldwide disaster since it could provide people with the most recent updates about the pandemic. However, the news flows were unstoppable, with much contradictory information leading people to hope or despair. Initially, the Arab media responded adequately, yet there were numerous fake data about the number of cases and the disease itself. The preferred risk communication plan for media includes improving cooperation with major governmental organizations for verifying information, developing messages, and providing feedback. Introduction The end of 2019 brought disturbing news about the appearance in China and the beginning of the active spread around the world of a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes a disease under the international name COVID-19 (COVID-19 is a coronavirus disease-19, as it was politically correctly called in the World Health Organization). By March 10, 2020, more than 110 thousand people were infected with it reliably, with laboratory confirmation, all over the world (“Effects of the COVID-19”, 2020). And now, it is spreading much faster outside of China than in China itself. The media played a vital role regarding the information spread (Abbas et al., 2021). Hence, the primary goal of this research is to identify the part of UAE-based media channels in informing people about the pandemic and their response to the disaster. Previous Research Once the disease began to spread, the media channels reacted quickly, suggesting a severe menace to humankind. According to various sourc
Introduction Company lifecycles are the stages of development through which a business goes through. New businesses are faced with various challenges throughout their lives. Failure to deal with the problems will lead to the downfall of a business due to financial losses. The current paper focuses on the differences between the lifecycle and financial strategies adopted by a company that focuses on domestic expansion and a company that focuses on international expansion. Business Lifecycle Seed stage The first stage of a business is the seed stage. Business ideas and plans are developed at this stage. The challenge of this stage is market acceptance. Many companies concentrate on one market segment to enhance success. Money and resources should be used effectively during this stage. The company stipulates its focus on such areas as skills, experience, and passion. Other key elements of this stage include business ownership structure, business planning, and accessing professional advisors. The source of capital for expansion becomes a challenge to many companies since they rely on owners, friends, customers, banks, and government grants. A company that focuses on international expansion draws clear guidelines to attract international investors. It has to invest in a wide range of products to offset the risks of business failure. Start-Up It is the second stage in business establishment. Business exists legally at this stage. The challenges of this stage include lack of money and time for marketing. The business owners have to take time to determine whether or not the business is on the right track (Hitchcock & Willard, 2012). A company focusing on domestic expansion will require reduced capital expenditure in such areas as advertising and product promotion compared to a company whose target is international expansion. To expand internationally, a company requires increased capital investment. It has to attract shareholders from different parts of the world to support the business (Parker, 2006). Growth At this stage, the business becomes well established. A company focusing on domestic expansion faces the problem of hiring many employees and setting up accounting and management systems. Productivity must be improved to enhance proper management of the business. New products and services must be added, increase the financial strain for a domestic company. For companies aiming to expand internationally, new sources of capital become available. The earnings from the business are passed to shareholders in a company that focuses on domestic expansion. The earnings can also be used in the business as capital to venture into new markets. In a company
Introduction According to Wood (2000) the word “brand” refers to a sign, name, term, symbol or design or even a combination of them all with the intent of giving identity to the goods and/ or services of a single seller (or a group of sellers) and to give them uniqueness from their competitors. In reference to consumer- manufacture relations, a brand makes the source of promises given to the consumer by the manufacturer (Ahmad, Simmons and Clifton, 2009). Nevertheless, the same brand initiates the relationship between the manufacturer and the consumer in the first place. In addition, brand makes the perfect tool of name and symbols that are the unprecedented source of a company’s products and/ or services. Furthermore, for a company to be successful and have a future, its initiator must be keeping a single concept within his mind; brand. Ultimately, brand can be best described as the sum total of a single customer’s experience with an organization. The Nike Corporation Guerrero (2008) describes the Nikes Corporation as the top- most suppliers of apparel and shoes. Such levels of success were attained by giving the corporation the most solid foundation; an appropriate brand. It is no doubt that the origin of the brand name “Nike” (from the Greek goddess of victory) has been a definition of Nike’s ambition to be a big success and take the sporting industry by a storm. There is always a brutal fact as far as branding is concerned; the business notion that exists in the mind of the initiator will either happen or stay in the mind, depending on the branding. Nike is a corporation that has absolutely used its branding to bring the business notion in to reality. According to eHow (2010), Nike’s products include apparel, which are usually for sports and other activities like yoga and dance. Additionally, casual clothes for both men and women are also produced largely. Nevertheless, many people wear Nike’s clothes for purposes of association with the big brand name. Other products are equipments where mostly sports equipment such as balls, bats, and golf clubs are sold. Additionally, a number of accessories are also known to be from Nike’s products, for example watches, socks, bags and the like. Lastly, a number of stores are also known to be under Nike. There are many departments and online stores that are basically set up for purposes of selling Nike’s products. Niketown for example is the biggest store with many braches around the world. Additionally, there are many factory outlets th
Introduction Possibly nobody has controlled our knowledge regarding life in this world as much as Charles Darwin, the English biologist (1809-1882). His natural selection evolution theory, currently life sciences uniting supposition, explained the origin of all the amazingly different types of living things and also how they became gracefully tailored to their specified niche. His hypothesis prepared to accept a host of varied types of evidence for instance fossil forms progressive nature (in the geological record), the species ecological distribution, embryology recapitulative emergence, (homologous) structures, (organs) vestigial as well as taxonomic (nesting) relationships. No other elucidation after or even before has made these facts appear sensible. In addition, Darwin illustrated that the disparity between other animals and human beings varies in degree but not kind. In literature zoology, theology, geology, botany, taxonomy, philosophy, paleontology, anthropology, and psychology Darwin’s writings elicited thoughtful reactions, many of which continues to generate heat and controversies. Hitherto even with the absence of his evolutionary works, Darwin’s achievements would be hard to match. His brightly innovative work in botany, psychology, zoology (invertebrate), geology, scientific travel, and biogeography writing would with no doubt make him one of the most innovative and significant personnel in the science history. Darwin’s publications are therefore of significance to an enormously wide range of scholars. Life History Charles Robert Darwin, a renowned scientist, was born in England on 12th February 1809. His mother was Susannah the wife to Robert Waring. Darwin’s mother passed on when Charles was a small boy (8 years old) and it was his sister who took charge of the upbringing. Darwin got his primary education at Shrewsbury Grammar School, and then sent to study theology at Christ’s College in Cambridge (1827). Throughout that period Darwin treasured collecting geological, insects, and plants specimens under the watch of William Darwin (his cousin) who was an entomologist. His scientific fondness was supported by John Stevens, his botany professor (Wyhe, 2010). He took a five year expedition through visiting Tenerife, Aires, Tahiti, among other towns. Through the journey, Darwin collected immense knowledge of the trees, geology, and animals that existed on earth thus equipping him sufficiently for further investigations (to be carried later on). By the year 1846, Darwin had a number of publications relating to zoological and geological discoveries of his expedition—works that catapulted him in the scientists front rank. Between 1938 – 1841, Darwin served as the Geological Society’s secretary. At this time he had Sir Charles as his friend. In 1839, Darwin married his cousin Emma Wedgwood. Darwin lived at Down House (from 1842) and gathered invaluab
Project Success Project Success is defined as adherence to budget, schedule, function (performance), and client satisfaction. To determine whether the Masdar City site was a success it is important to evaluate what the goals of the project were, if it succeeded at them and if it met the criteria above. The goal was to test the possibility of a self-sustaining zero-carbon city, running entirely on renewable energy resources, and prepare the United Arab Emirates, at the moment reliant on oil sales, for the future ( Masdar City, Abu Dhabi , n.d.). In the wake of the financial crisis, the completion date was pushed from 2016, which saw only one-third of the initial goals completed, first to 2025, and then to 2030. With the current technology, the goal of zero carbon was replaced by low carbon. The design of the city has the potential to fulfill its promises, with the planning accommodating for a “green” lifestyle. However, testing has shown that the goals can be achieved only through strict regulation of energy consumption and lifestyles of the residents, which will be much harder to accomplish once real inhabitants move it (Walsh, 2011). On the other hand, the delay has seen a change in the budget from the original $22 billion to $19.8 billion (Stanton, 2010). At the moment, t is hard to say if the Masdar City project is a success or a failure. There are already diversions from original goals. But even if the goal of a self-sustainable zero-carbon city will not be met, the project will still provide abundant research results in similar future endeavors and is set to become the major testing ground for all new “green” technology. The UAE proves that they are determined to prepare for the day when the oil runs out. Financial Feasibility Estimation Techniques The Masdar City is a unique project and a lot of inherent uncertainty in the application of new technologies and design choices. This creates difficulties when choosing the appropriate Estimation techniques to evaluate its financial feasibility. Since the project has numerous aspects, consisting not only of construction but also of the introduction of new materials and new technologies, it would require a combination of several different Estimation techniques to be used to achieve the most accurate result (O’Halloran, 2013). Since the aim of the UAE was to create the first zero carbon self-sustaining city of its kind, applying the technique of Analogous Estimation is not feasible in this situation, for lack preceding similar projects of the same scale. For the same reason, Expert Judgment would be less efficient in this situation. For buildings, solar panels, windmills, electric cars, and other similar objects manufactured or purchased in bulk it would be a good idea to employ Parametric Estimation. For example, provided that a price of a single “green” house, equipped with solar panels, and furnished with all essential facilities, is known, estimating the costs of the total number of scheduled housing should be possible. For less defined expenses, like th
Introduction It should be noted that the case builds around a conflict between Frank and Reno who have different official duties. Frank is dissatisfied with the fact that Reno does not listen to him and does not follow his instructions. Meanwhile, Reno is frustrated about the way his supervisor treats him both in a professional and personal way. Importantly, TRIP goals are helpful in resolving conflicts due to the fact that this approach helps individuals raise their self-awareness and comprehension of another person. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conduct of the two colleagues from the standpoint of TRIP goals. TRIP Goals TRIP goals are related to topic, relational, identity, and process purposes. In particular, the topic goal denotes what two people want from each other while relational one signifies the type of connection between them. Identity goal determines the role of each individual in the dialogue and their self-identification in the conflict whereas process goal specifies the form of communication that each of them employs (Greene, 2013). Altogether, these aspects establish a system that allows analyzing the actions of participants and the degree of their awareness about his or her aims in a particular situation. Each goal either hinders or assists in finding mutual agreement on the topic. Frank’s topic goal is to micromanage the other person while Reno’s purpose is to find a common language with Frank. Nevertheless, he chooses to avoid his supervisor. In the case of Frank, he is rather aggressive and asserts his leadership position by repeating “I’m the office manager” (Davis, n.d., p. 2). Importantly, both persons pursue the same relational goal, which is the desire to be respected. Nonetheless, no one of them makes efforts to provide respect to the other person. In terms of the identified goals of the two individuals, Frank wishes to persuade Linda that he is not guilty of the current conflict since he only requires Reno to complete his duties. It is evidenced by Frank’s statement that “Reno knows he’s supposed to do what I ask him to do” (Davis, n.d., p. 2). Therefore, Frank is trying to save his face in this conflict. Unlike Frank, Reno employs an opposing strategy and wants to express that he is the victim due to the fact that his supervisor treats him disrespectfully and does not provide the necessary instruction and guidance. Regarding process goals, neither of them comprehends the importance of communication. Both men prefer talking to a third party rather than trying to reach a joint agreement together. For instance, Frank insists that Linda talks to Reno while Reno refuses to communicate with Frank because “he seems so hostile” (Davis, n.d., p. 3). Apart from that, the goals of the two people also change in a different manner. Despite the fact that Frank is aggressive and insists on subordination, he is willing to resolve the conflict. He asks Linda to talk to Reno to regulate the critical situation. Thus, it can be stated that from a self-defending position he switches to the goal of mitigating the misunderstanding and miscommunication (Davis
Introduction Ecological integrity may also be referred to as ecological health or ecological damage. As the names suggest, these are symptoms that prove that the ecosystem within a particular duration has experienced a certain loss that has slowed its capability to execute the nature’s services as well as its carrying capacity possibly as a result of pollution (Noss 16). Most measures of ecological integrity tend to be referred on the ecosystem. The mission of my action plan is to come up with an education program that can help reduce the negative activities that cause ecological integrity, particularly environmental degradation. Causes of Ecological Damage It has been undoubtedly proved that most of the human beings’ systems on natural resources, done for the sustainability of their interests hurt the ecosystem. The misuse of resources by human beings is done widely leading to an imbalance in resources either directly or indirectly. To begin with most individuals have taken part in excessive mining which is an act of misuse. I was not aware that the excessive use of unscientific water from the ground affected the ecosystem. Deforestation of forests for commercial and fuel purposes which has had a serious impact on the ecosystem never missed on my list. I encroached through the forests while looking for agricultural land. All these activities are done by human beings lead to environmental degradation. Consequently, my educational program will focus on educating human beings on how some of their activities like mining and deforestation have caused harm to the environment. Given that there could be better mining approaches, the program will engage in an interactive approach to enable us to come up with these approaches. We shall discuss the best way to ensure survival not just for us but also the environment. Background Environmental degradation may be defined as the weakening of the environment through the exhaustion of resources (soil, water, and air) as well as the devastation of the ecosystem (Hunter 22). The negative impacts of degradation outweigh the positive ones. Considering the negative effects of degradation, it leads to the extermination of different species of plants and animals the thus reducing the ecosystems adaptability to the environment. Deforestation by human beings has at largely affected soil erosion due to the exposure of soil to the susceptible conditions. The vast droughts and floods experienced in various countries of the world have at large affected the ecosystem. The various changes in the environment lead to the depletion of the ozone that increases the susceptibility of living things to many diseases. The hazardous production of wastes causes pollution in most of the groundwater sources. The warmer climate that may be created as after deforestation may not be favorable for most living things within the environment (Hunter 12). The benefit that may be achieved from environmental degradation is that fuel is availed for use within the environment. Through most of these activities, people lacked freshwater for not only consumption but also industrial
What is Romanticism? Romanticism refers to the period of intellectual, artistic and literary movement in Europe in the first half of nineteenth century. This movement was a vivid response to the Industrial Revolution, as well as a revolt against existing political and social norms (Gunderson 38). Romanticism was an ideological system that criticized rationalistic nature of assumption. Therefore, the priority was given to the development of visual arts, literature, music, and natural sciences. Romanticism had a potent impact on political life, leading to the development of radical and liberal view on governance. Romanticism is characterized by free expressions of emotions and feeling, which is often exposed in literature, artistic works, and science. The significance and nature of Romanticism is also analyzed by German artist Caspar Friedrich and poet William Wordsworth. The supporters of the Romantic Movement point to the spontaneous and irrational display of powerful emotions and feeling that allow humans express themselves. In terms of artistic representation, the emphasis should be placed on imagination as the major source for creating artistic works whereas artificial rules should be ignored. Additionally, the representatives of Romantic Movement attained much importance of genuineness and originality of ideas and thoughts. Why is the 19 th Century Called The Romantic Era? The nineteenth century is called the Romantic Era because describes a historical and cultural movement characterized by aesthetic style and attitude toward art, literature, and science. In artistic sphere, romanticism was a protest against the neoclassical search for intellectual control and order (Gunderson 16). A human, therefore, should be guided by sense and intuition rather than by logic and reasoning. Finally, people should be free from dogma dictated by the Church. In literature, Romantic Movement can be perceived as a shift in Western mythological trends in portraying heroes. In fact, real hero with ordinary abilities and skills prevailed instead of focus on supernatural phenomenon. The movement features strong emotion as a powerful tool for expressi
Despite its evident value for science and humanity, in general, archaeological research remains the subject of public criticism. More specifically, the controversy around the resources, namely federal expenditures, allocated to archaeological studies and excavations have caused heated debates. The critics claim that funds, which are currently used for such research could be redirected to higher purposes. This idea comprises better funding for life-saving initiatives and policies aiming at improving the quality of life at the expense of archaeology. Evidently, such an approach views the field as a part of “non-essential” sciences, which are inferior to more noble goals. However, these opinions appear to disregard the immense cultural and social importance of archaeology. This discipline explores the history of humanity, providing insight into the profound process which determined its development across ages. From one perspective, archaeological expenditures from federal funds are actively criticized by a considerable portion of American society. In her Internet blog, the professor of archeology Rosemary Jones (2013), refers to an opinion piece that specifically attacks the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) decision to support research on Mayan architecture. The opponents of such studies claim that these resources could have saved numerous lives had they been allocated to higher purposes. In addition, the government of the United States is urged to increase the funding of policies that promote a higher standard of living in the country. In this context, archaeological research is said to hemorrhage the taxpayers’ money. In spite of the heated criticism, the importance of archaeology in today’s society is not to be underestimated. Jones (2013) refutes the idea that her and her colleagues’ research distracts the federal government from higher purposes. As a matter of fact, archaeology pursues a higher purpose of its own, meaning that it directly influences the quality of life. The field’s contribution consists of the profound knowledge of historical processes that determined the social evolution of humanity. More specifically, archeology explores various aspects of the past in terms of public, economic, and political relations (Jones, 2013). In a way, the field analyzes at depth both the correct ways and mistakes of history, providing policy-makers with guidelines on how to avoid negative developments in the present and the future. For example, the archaeological research on Easter Island became highly relevant in terms of its social significance. Without this professional knowledge, it was seen merely as a remote island with fascinating monuments of the mo’ai. However, archaeology highlighted the centuries-old feud between the isolated people of Easter Island with limited resources that put an end to a thriving civilization. In other words, this research introduced an evidence-based perspective on the dangers of such developments. Moreover, the ideas presented by Altas (2012) suggest that archaeology impacts society on a more profound, fundamental level. Knowledge of the past civilizations highlights the relentless flow of