ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Job site security currently poses a major challenge to contractors with losses from job site theft estimated at over US $ 1 billion. Professional contractors, equipment manufacturers, equipment dealers, and insurance companies experience huge losses as a result of vandalism and theft of construction materials and tools. Impacts of Job Site theft Job site thefts have far-reaching negative impacts on the Construction Company, equipment dealer, and insurance companies and on the general work progress. These impacts are:   * Temporary job shut down   * A rise in the cost of insurance   * Refusal by rental companies to rent out equipment   * Damages to company reputation   * Increased security cost Temporary job shut down When construction materials or piece of equipment are stolen from a construction site, the job at hand is likely to be shut down temporarily as the contractor look for other tools and building materials. This results in construction delays which trigger a chain reaction of other losses related to delay in handling a particular job at the site. A rise in the cost of insurance The cost of insurance is bound to rise with increased reported cases of theft equipment and tools. The construction company and equipment dealers are bound to pay a higher insurance premium to offset the huge insurance cost in case tools and equipment theft occur. This in essence makes the operation costs of a construction company and equipment dealers rise. The huge operation cost is, in turn, passed to the client by the construction company. Refusal by rental companies to rent out equipment Equipment and tools rental companies these days have become very strict in regards to who they will rent out equipment and tools. Construction Companies which does not have a good security system are likely not to get a rental company that is willing to rent out their tools and equipment to avoid losses resulting from theft of such equipment and tools. Damages to company reputation Repeated vandalism can have far-reaching impacts on the construction company’s reputation. No clients or other related companies want to be associated with a company that fails to apply pre-emptive programs to avoid theft and vandalism as this is a display of irresponsibility. Increased security cost Increased Job site theft leads to increased cost of security as construction companies find a better way to avoid loss of tools, equipment, and materials. Modern security systems cost with round-the-clock remote surveillance capability costs a lot of money to install and operate. The cost of such a system increases the operation cost of the construction companies, which is passed on to the clients as additional costs. Timing Most job site thefts take place during the holidays and weekends, that’s between Friday at 6 pm and 6 am. Construction materials are likely to be stolen during the night on weekdays. Factors influencing job site theft A combination of factors makes job sites vulnerable to vandalism and theft. This factor includes;   * Lack of security   * Increase in cost of co
The focal point of this paper is to present a symbolic criticism of the play “Fences” by August Wilson with a special emphasis on the significance of Gabriel in the play. This play by August Wilson can be described as a loose autobiographical saga where African American lives are portrayed under the social structure of legalized discrimination during the late 1950s where the setting is mainly Troy’s house in Pittsburg. The basic story of the play is based on the ramification of black manhood where the protagonist tries to mend matters from going bad to worse by his means. This story is an effort from the protagonist’s point of view to formulate a survival strategy living within the framework of an otherwise unwanted system with the help of illusions and pragmatism. This mechanism of survival strategy against a discriminating society is the basic theme of the play where Gabriel acts as an alter ego of Troy (Zimmerman 143). Gabriel is unaware of all these social complexities and evokes a blissful aura that, as per the play is the gift of shrapnel in Gabriel’s head during the Second World War. Gabriel is insane and thinks of himself as angel Gabriel. This insanity acts as a counterpoint to Troy’s reality and makes existence and survival easier juxtaposed between reality and fallacy. This play can also be seen as a social criticism of the black community with enough care to depict the actual cause, reasons, and effects of the prevailing social misgivings among the community. The playwright analyses the cause of a degraded livelihood of the black community and traces the actual reason to the days of the slavery through the story of Troy’s father who led an utterly depressing life and unlike Troy’s illusions he had no back ally to fall back and searched for salvation what he understood most with his perceptions- women. And thus ramifications of the present state of affairs could well be linked with racial discrimination and misfortune. Another depressed character from the former generation to that of Troy was Bono’s father whom he narrated as walking blues. This person was also induced by women but his main objective was traveling far and wide. He was also a dejected character like Troy’s father and it could be enumerated that the entire generation was completely disheartened after the freedom their ancestors received from slavery (Wilson 67). This tag was difficult to come off and they all suffered because of it dearly. Troy Maxon is the protagonist of the play. He is a responsible person who is extremely dissatisfied with life though he is a dreamer by nature. In this frustration, Troy Maxon lives in a self-created world of illusions. When the play starts we see Troy Maxon is telling a story to Rose and Bono where he is encountered Devil who is personified by death and there is a huge brawl between them. This is just one example of his imaginary world and there are more. As a whole Fences is a story that narrates the livelihood of Troy Maxon and all the characters of the play are instruments that communicate with Troy and thereby reveal his inner self to the audience. Neverthele
Introduction Out of all civilized western countries, the USA has the highest rates of sexual assaults. As it stands, the country ranks 9th in rape frequency, being behind only certain countries such as Uganda, Botswana, Somalia, and South Africa. According to the UCR (2015), over 90,185 rapes were reported to the law enforcement agencies in 2015, which is 7.1 percent higher than the same estimations made for the year 2011. Sexual assault rates vary from one state to another, with absolute leaders in the statistics being Alaska (142 cases per 100,000 people), Columbia (78 cases per 100,000 people), New Mexico (73 cases per 100,000 people), Arkansas (72 cases per 100,000 people), and Michigan (72 cases per 100,000 people) (UCR, 2015). At the same time, rape remains one of the most underreported violent crimes to exist – estimations by some sources state that over 90% of rapes go underreported and that the official reports represent only a small percentage of sexual assaults, and not the entire picture (Hazelwood & Burgess, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to introduce the issue, highlight the reasons for high exceptional clearance rates, explain the low rates of reporting for the crime, and provide potential solutions to improve the quality and quantity of data regarding sexual assaults. Rape Statistics Statistics on sexual assault prevalence in the US vary. While UCR provides reports on the number of officially reported crimes, estimating the number of underreported incidents is increasingly difficult. In some studies, researchers have to rely on social worker databases, self-reports, and other means of projecting the narrow sample on the entire population. According to UCR (2015), percentages of male-to-female perpetrators for 2015 are 79% for males and 21% for females. The same source states that, based on the recorded cases, 26% of rapes occur involving a current or former sexual partner, 7% involve family members, 38% are acquaintance rapes, and 26% are conducted by strangers (UCR, 2015). In lieu of this statistic, it is also claimed that sexual violence is more prevalent in smaller communities as well as black communities, where higher crime rates were historically prevalent. The peak of violent sex crimes in the US, based on the UCR data, came about between 1970-1972 and had been gradually going down since. The prevalence of rape crime has fallen from 2.5 cases per 1,000 people to 0.8 (UCR, 2015). It is associated with improvements in the criminal justice system, a decrease in institutional racism, and the increasing availability of free pornographic material (Hazelwood & Burgess, 2017). Clearance Rates As it stands, clearance rates for rape and sexual assault are at 35%. According to Walfield (2016), clearance rates for reported rape cases are extremely low. In the majority of cases, the police are forced to stop the investigation, thus calling for exceptional clearance. Reaso
Introduction McDonaldization according to George Ritzer is the process by which the operational mechanisms of the McDonald fast-food chain of restaurants are being applied as the standard mode of operation not only in other businesses but also in social conduct on a global scale. Mom and pop stores on the other hand are commercial ventures that are central to a specific locality like a town or city. These businesses are owned and run by established members of the given society and are known to have historic or native value. Such businesses include the local general store or the local drug store where the proprietors are usually personally acquitted to their common customers. McDonaldization relative to Mom and pop stores To fully understand the extent in which mom and pop stores have deviated from McDonaldization, it is imperative to understand the underlying principles of McDonaldization. According to Ritzer, McDonaldization has four elements of operation and they are efficiency, calculability, predictability and the replacement of human with nonhuman technology. The application of these elements has notably been different in mom and pop stores via-a-vies McDonaldization. According to Ritzer, efficiency involves the optimization of standard modes of operation to arrive at a much greater speed to the required end of a process. McDonaldization has accomplished this by reorganization of due process, simplifying goods and services and allowing the customer to perform various tasks rather than using paid employees (Ritzer 58). However, the mom and pop stores insist on personalized service thus dependant on service staff. A notable indicator to the lack of McDonaldization in these stores is the fact that mom and pop stores still have customer attendants and service personnel who endeavor to serve their customers rather than allow customers to serve themselves (Ritzer 61). Such services as catering and after sale services are now exclusive to mom and pop stores consequently extricating them from McDonaldization. Calculability is the quantification of input and output which has been achieved through the use of bureaucracy, where various hierarchical levels perform specific limited tasks in aid of the greater process. It is worth noting that bureaucracy is entirely superfluous in terms of its application in mom and pop stores (Ritzer 78). There is no apparent need for bureaucracy in the local general store for they thrive on effective service at minimal cost. As a result, one attendant is capable of performing a multiplicity of tasks while serving two or three people at the same time. McDonaldization has ensured that predictability is sustained by providing structural systemization and veto points through which customers must go through to get to the final product. For example there are security checks at the gate to man cars, metal detectors at the doors, a specific direction to take to get to the product and finally a line for different payment options. Mom and pop stores on the other hand do not rely on sequential impediments to provide goods or services (Ritzer 99-100). Cu
Introduction Policymakers have received opposed ideas from economic experts on the way to prevent a long-term economic slump in the United States of America as well as Europe. One side of the debate recommends austerity, while the other supports deficit spending. This analysis aims to assess the arguments and the potential impacts of both sides in light of the theory of endogenous money. Austerity Austerity refers to the situation whereby a government focuses on reducing its spending and increasing frugality in the financial industry. Therefore, austerity mechanisms address the measures taken by the government to minimize expenses in a bid to tap the expanding budget deficits (Ina, 2002). Another point is that austerity measures are not commonly practiced because they incline to reduce both the quantity and the quality of services as well as the benefits advanced by the government. At the onset of the year 2009, several nations had no other option but to embark on adopting austerity measures. This was also orchestrated by the presence of budget deficits that had accumulated beyond the limit, having followed the course of action taken by some states in stimulating their economies due to the global recession of 2008 (Pratt, 2010). Deficit Spending There are times when the government’s expenditures go beyond its revenues where such occasions are rare. Therefore, the excessiveness in spending requires more financing, for instance, through borrowing, especially from foreign governments (Fergusson, 2010). In this regard, the increased spending by the government provides more stimulation to the economy as more funds flow in. On the other hand, consistent borrowing may adversely lead to increased interest rates (William, 2010). As mentioned above, deficit spending serves as a fiscal policy that helps stimulate the economy in moments of recession. Therefore, during such a financial crisis, increasing government spending enhances business activities, creates more employment opportunities, and promotes consumer spending (William, 2010). Analysis and Discussion Looking at the above findings, it can be said that austerity will be the best way forward for any government to address the economic challenges. This is because it is important to reduce spending since that is what may lead to unprecedented costs that may just create a lot of expenses, hence occasioning a great number of financial problems. However, in the case of deficit spending, the problem will derive from the fact that there will be more expenditure in the operations of the government which will just present more financial pressure. It is also the case that austerity and deficit spending have their implications on the economic slump. Consider Figure 1 below: Figure
Memo   * TO: Henry Carpenter, ABC, Inc. Manager   * FROM: Clare Cook, XYZ, Inc. company representative   * DATE: October 1, 2010   * SUBJECT: Offering Material Assistance. Having informed me in confidence about your son’s requirements to work on a project at school and your financial position, I have resolved to offer desirable assistance. I propose to send over to you a digital camera and color printer and charge only the company’s cost on the devices as per my company’s regulations. My decision to take this action was after a detailed and careful consideration of the legal requirements, company laws, responsibilities, and obligations I am bound to while working with this company and decided to act in my capacity as our company’s representative. In addition to that, I took this course of action bearing in mind the close working relationships between your company ABC Inc. and XYZ Inc., my cordial working relationship with you, information of your budgetary constraints you confided to me, and my knowledge about you. I am entitled with the authority to act in the capacity as XYZ Inc. company representative to enhance client relationships as I deem it necessary. Looking forward to improving our company’s working relationship with you and acceptance of the offer I am making to meet your son’s needs. Facts Both Henry and Clare hold positions of responsibility which come with business obligations and responsibilities. Henry is ABC Inc.’s marketing manager and Clare is XYZ Inc.’s representative .ABC deals in computer equipments and office supplies in the retail market. XYZ sells new products to ABC Inc. Henry is responsibility for purchasing new products for ABC Inc. from Clare. There is a business relationship between Henry and Clare. Clare and Henry are single parents and do occasionally meet and spend a lot of time together. Henry confides to Clare about the failure of his son’s school to give him prior information about his son’s projects and the requirements for the project. Henry discloses his budgetary information to Clare and the position that he could not afford to meet the expenses for a new digital camera and a color printer. Due to their relationships, Clare offers to use her position as XYZ Inc.’s representative to give Henry her organization’s digital camera and a color printer. Clare clarifies to Henry that she had authority to act in that manner. Issues Should Henry accept Clare’s offer of the digital camera and color printer for his son for the sake of improving customer relationships? What could be the consequences of Clare’s actions of
What is the crisis facing Moon Group? How did it happen? Is there any creative idea opportunity you see for the group? According to the case study, the crisis has manifested itself in several different dimensions. To be more precise, the Moon Group did not have a particular area of focus, and the management was ineffective. In addition, the group needed to make an emphasis on improving the quality of commodities and the processes such as technology but the stress was made on the quantity rather than quality. Apart from that, the enterprise did not orient at creating a cultural challenge. It should be noted that the group had a lack of focus almost from the beginning. As it was mentioned, when it grew to 24000 employees, it was producing multiple products such as fabricating steel, fertilizers, plastic, cement products, and so on (Sandhu & Arif, 2017). Moreover, they were also manufacturing drilling equipment and trading in different countries and even continents. Therefore, the decision of the top leadership to continue leading other businesses apart from construction side was the critical point that designated the emergence of crisis. An idea opportunity for the group is to develop a strategy with a distinct focus on one or several conjoint areas and make quality improvements in technology processes to ensure that customer complaints are addressed and managed. Moon Group’s decision to buy the cement factory was an example of vertical integration. Was their decision wise? How do you view the decision? It is worth noting that vertical integration is one of the alternatives to growth strategy, which can provide the company with external growth. However, it should be used when an enterprise plans to increase sales by penetrating into markets that have not previously been developed (Sandhu & Arif, 2017). From this point of view, this strategy had the potential to become effective; however, the management did not take into account a number of factors. Vertical integration is most advantageous in rapidly developing segments of the economy, with rapidly evolving and changing technologies and with the product life cycle is at the development st
Security is a fundamental management responsibility of data protection concerned with determining the access control of genuine entities and also with the protection of computer systems from internal or external threats (Margariti et al, 2007). Today, more than ever before, organizations are increasingly investing more resources in information security with the aim to reduce the risks and impacts of system susceptibilities and risks to a level that could be considered as acceptable (Walters, 2007). This paper purposes to describe some of the basic steps that could be taken for the physical security of computers used by physicians and other practitioners in an urgent care center to remotely access patient data and their email system through a virtual private network. According to Etzioni (2011), the first layer of security organizations need to take into consideration is the physical security of the computer systems. This type of security needs to consider not only the individuals who have direct physical access to the computers, but also if they are allowed to have access to the machines and how these systems could be set to limit illegitimate tampering. As such, the steps taken to ensure physical security of computer systems must have the capacity to decrease the possibility of success for any kind of illegitimate access or attacks (Walters, 2007). One of the ways through which physical security of computer systems could be enhanced is to restrict access to areas where the computers are kept to those in possession of appropriate identification badge and/or any other form of authorization (Albuquerque, Krumm & Geus, 2010). Such restriction, according to the authors, not only decrease the ease with which an individual could access sensitive documents stored in the computers, but also reduces the possibility of an individual to physically tamper with the computer systems. Second, physical security of computer systems could be enhanced through the use of passwords and other system features such as computer locks (Albuquerque et al, 2010). In passwords, physicians and other health practitioners using the system to access sensitive patient data should be encouraged to memorize their passwords instead of writing them down to prevent any instances where the paper with the password falls into the wrong hands. In computer locks, it is imperative to note that most modern computers include a locking feature, which can be used to prevent someone from stealing your computer or manipulating the compu