ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Toyota is one of the leading automobile manufacturers in the world. The multinational employed over 315,000 workers in 2012 to make it the largest automobile manufacturer. Having being founded in August 28 1937, Toyota Motor Corporation has grown to include a group of companies including Daihatsu, Lexus, Hino Motors, Scion brand and Toyota (Toyota 2012). The founder of the company was Kiichiro Toyoda who ventured out from Toyoda Industries which was owned by his father. The company is based in Toyota which is in Aichi, Japan. Toyota operates worldwide and its success in the automobile industry is as a result of sound management practices and implementation of strategic marketing policies. This paper seeks to analyze how Toyota has created a global brand and the features of a global brand it has successfully implemented. Strength of Toyota in home market For a global brand to be successful, it has to be strong in its home market where it was first introduced. Toyota was founded in Japan and though it is now an international brand, it first had to perform well in Japan. Toyota is so strong in its home market that most people in Japan and Chinese speaking countries identify with this brand. This has made it extremely difficult for other automobile countries to make an impact in this region of the world. Dominance of the home market prevents new entry of competitors. This has been beneficial to Toyota as it has been able to minimize competition in Japan. Dominance of the home market is a characteristic of all major global brands. It enables other markets to also appreciate the value of a brand since they are aware of its existing popularity and customer preference in another place. Other markets would not appreciate Toyota automobiles if th
Executive Summary The BlackBerry series of phones are made by the Research in Motion (RIM). The BlackBerry phones target the business and professional people as their features made it possible for the owners to carry out a good number of office function through the devices. The BlackBerry phones have a strong presence in the market, and therefore, they are widely popularly. Though RIM has been locked in court over infringing a number of patents, its technology is still away ahead of its rivals, and therefore, it still enjoys market popularity. RIM carried out aggressive marketing on behalf of the BlackBerry phones. The pricing of the BlackBerry phones are dependent on the level of technology of a particular BlackBerry phone. In order for RIM to continue enjoying its popularity in the market, it will have to continuously adjust its phone prices in proportion to the value and technology level of the phones. RIM also needs to be at the top of the game in relation to the issues touching phone technology. Introduction There have been many innovative solutions for wireless communications that have been evolving in the recent years. Mobile phones have been considered one of the sectors that have witnessed numerous inventions where state of the art technologies are under constant implementations in the handsets that are manufactured by popular mobile phones manufactures. This paper provides an environmental scan for Research in Motion (RIM) which is the company under which the BlackBerry portfolio falls and its associated services. The paper will define the market structure of BlackBerry and a detailed analysis of the marketing mix or programs and macro-environment trends as well as their effect on the competitive analysis of the product and their demand and market segmentation. Project Scope This project is mainly theoretical and will seek to evaluate the marketing program of BlackBerry. The report examines BlackBerry’s macro and competitive environment, its marketing program elements which it employs and the recommendations which can enhance its popularity. An analysis of the marketing environment of Blackberry based on the five porter’s forces is also included together with the SWOT analysis. The life cycle of the product is also given. A critical response to the Introduction Analysis of Product Brand and Macro-environment Trends Product Brand BlackBerry is one of the mobile phones that have created a phenomenal brand in the mobile phone market. BlackBerry phones are well-known for their sleek look, design and style with other features. With BlackBerry, an individual can access email, data-transfer services and web serving. In basic terms, BlackBerry handsets are just camera phones with the various functions that are required and are used by people of business class. Traditionally, it was launched and meant for the high class and the rich people but from its transformation and quality, some phones of BlackBerry brand are available for people of average class (Sweeny, 2009). This has provided t
Correlation between Lower Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Lower Cognitive Ability More than 20% of the standard deviation for the IQ and educational achievement can be recorded by socioeconomic status (Heckman 15). The majority of the conducted researches have reveals a positive relationship between the achievement and SES in all ages of children (Weis 15). The socioeconomic status also influences the probability of remaining in school and colleges. A study by Abadzi (2006) showed that the annual dropout ratio in high school was 9% for children from families with low income status as compared to 4% of middle income earners and 2% for those who have a high family status. It shows that 82% of America’s criminals are high school dropouts as well as 45% of all the people who earn minimum wage. Reflectively, only three percent of college graduates work at minimum wage (Abadzi 19). Learners from low income families are three times more likely to drop out of school as opposed to those from higher-income homes. As of the year 1997, children living in families with incomes in the bottom 20% of all family incomes were nearly seven times more likely to drop out of high school than their peers from families in the top 20% of the income distribution table (Abadzi 28). There is a strong relationship between lower socioeconomic status in children and cognitive ability which has been proved by psychological methods. Questions arise regarding how socioeconomic status influence cognitive ability and vice versa. For example, cognitive ability can explain socioeconomic status related influence on Neuro-cognitive development in adolescence and children which over time might reduce socioeconomic success in adulthood (Arrighi and Maume 17). Recently, research has shown that socioeconomic status is related to neural development. In one study, it is shown that close to half of the difference in cognitive ability were linked to the adopted socioeconomic status. The influence of lower socioeconomic status is greater if it is experienced earlier in children. In fact, “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” (Jacobus 35). Identifying causes of low socioeconomic status and cognitive skills in children As described by Heckman (2008), children from lower socioeconomic status families get lesser cognitive stimulation than children from higher socioeconomic status. This is attributed to the fact that these children had few toys and books, little exposure to museums and zoos and social gatherings (Heckman 21). In addition, Feinstein (2003) showed that the average hours for one on one reading and learning of books or pictures experienced by children previous to kindergarten entry were at 25 hours for low socio-economic status in children compared to about 1000 to 1700 hours for middle class children (Feinstein 25). As well as material limits, the concerns and the expectations of par
The globalization and integration of the countries around the world caused a shift in modern society. With an increased number of immigrations, wide information consumption, and various political views, modern society presents a complex mix of different perceptions from people of many ethnicities and races. While some current workplace policies suggest that diversity brings innovation and push employee diversity, others still prefer to ignore candidates with unusual names or surnames that suggest belonging to specific ethnic groups, such as Muslims. Despite the trend for appreciation of versatility brought by diversity, organizations often prefer candidates with more “white-sounding” surnames (Katwala). While I was familiar with the common discrimination in job applications, I personally never encountered the problem, which emphasizes its covert character. However, it turns out that the same name-based discrimination could take place even in children’s applications for kindergartens (Katwala). Even though the 21st century marks a historical point for racial equality with solid movements such as BLM and conditions where people openly request representation in the media, there is still work left to do. One of the areas that require improvement is several inconsistencies in current racial discrimination in hiring processes. Coming back to the discrimination in hiring pro
On our planet, there are several insects potentially dangerous for humans and animals. Some species of invertebrates can serve as the vectors of viruses and bacteria which cause different diseases. Among such vectors, there are mosquitoes, ticks, flies, flea, bed bugs, and lice. The diseases they may cause are malaria, typhus, plague, encephalitis, yellow fever and Lyme disease among others. Over time, as medicine and hygiene norms developed, the rates of the diseases transmitted by insects minimized. This paper is focused on the exploration of Lyme disease and its vector the black-legged tick. The black-legged tick is also known as a deer tick. Its scientific Latin name is Ixodes scapularis. Black-legged tick inhabits the territories of Eastern USA, from Florida to Maine (Halperin 1). Another species of this insect called I. pacificus or Western black-legged tick inhabits Western part of North America. One more species names I. persulcatus lives in Asia and is also known as taiga tick. Both adult and nymphal forms of black-legged ticks are frequently infected with Borrelia burgdorferi the agent of Lyme disease. Ten to thirty percent of nymphs may be the carriers of the disease, among the adult ticks the rates are higher, twenty to seventy percent may be dangerous. Ticks are spread widely, for example, I. pacificus covers the Western territories of North America from Canadian province British Columbia to Mexico (Castro and Wright 140). Black-legged tick carries the bacteria that are the agents of Lyme disease. This way, when a tick bites a human or an animal, the disease gets passed. The bacteria do not infect their carriers, but when a carrier bites, it becomes the bridge for the disease transmission. Ticks are multi-year insects and can infect more than one human or animals through their life cycle. Ticks may live in the forest area or just in tall grass in someone’s back yard. Having unprotected skin on one’s legs or arms and walking in the areas inhabited with ticks is the way to get infected. Ticks attach themselves to the victims’ skin and may stay like that for a long while consuming blood. When a tick bites special secretion is produced, this way a human does not feel and pain or itch so the insect and feed without obstacles. Besides, nymphs of a black-legged tick are rather small, so often they attack themselves to humans unnoticed. The bacteria is thin and has a form of a spiral; this is why it is called a spirochete (Donnelly 14). A bite of an infected tick sends the spirochete into the blood system of humans or animals, through the blood stream, the bacteria travels to the nervous system and joints. At the initial stages of the disease, most of the infected people do not experience any symptoms. This is why the disease is easy to miss or
Introduction Slavery in America remains a controversial issue. It started way before the country was founded. Today there is debate about affirmative action for the races that were under slavery. This arises from the fact that those who founded the nation failed to abolish slavery in a country that is dedicated to human liberty. During the era between 1776 and 1865, there were many slaves in the southern states, and some prominent founding fathers of the American nation owned slaves for instance George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. During this era people who were opposed to slavery for example Benjamin Rush led a campaign against slavery in the year 1774. With the revolution for the abolition of slavery, blacks were serving in the army and a policy to free the slaves was proposed by Alexander and George Washington supported that policy and in 1786 he wrote against slavery and came up with a plan to change his slaves to paid laborers. Many states supported the motion about the emancipation of slaves and laws against slavery were written down. However, there were still pro-slavery proponents and they had sections in the constitution that supported slavery as well as the slave trade. The black man bore the brunt of slavery by being turned into an object that could be owned by another human being. They were denied their freedom and liberty by being looked down upon. They were considered less human because they were thought to possess the sheepish attributes of a human being (Douglas, 1). They could not choose when and where to work as well as the type of work. This era saw the black community face gross prejudice from the white community. his paper will look at slavery and its effects on black people. How blacks look for something to connect to. Importance of religion to the black community. racism and discriminatory laws against blacks. Finally why America should live up to its promises. The effects of slavery on black people The black man in America lacks a sense of belonging. This is because they are seen as aliens while in Africa they are seen as foreigners who do not belong to the African culture. Therefore the blacks look for something to connect to. They were and some are still discriminated against because of their black color. The discrimination led some African Americans like David Walker to speak strongly against slavery. David was born a free man but as a black man, he witnessed the atrocities that were suffered by the black men. He issued a warning to the white man. It was published in the Appeals. In his statement, he told the whites that someday the very blacks they enslave due to their skin color would one day root them out of the face of the earth. This statement was very radical and the boldest at that time against slavery. The statement caused trepidation among
Self-reflection Assignment Sometimes life presents us with unique opportunities which can contribute to the way we accept the world around us, can make us better specialists in a particular task, can teach us some very important skills, and sometimes may even change or impact our entire perception of a particular phenomenon or processes. That is something that has happened to me not long ago. I was privileged to participate in one of the very interesting and evolving outdoor volunteer projects in Ecuador. This experience has taught me the importance of putting my heart and soul into what I am doing, and to develop a number of practical qualities and skills that I believe would make a successful outdoor leader. To begin with, I would like to share a short story with the audience describing my road to such important revelations in my life. That morning I was about to fall asleep when I was finishing packing my hiking bag. The clock showed extreme numbers of one fifty-eight in the morning. My flight to Ecuador was in about two hours. The decision to make this trip to a rather remote country came not unexpectedly; I always wanted
Abstract Success of a leader depends on many factors. Business experts from all around the world explore various theories of leadership and recognize various leadership styles. The most famous and brilliant leaders of the business world have achieved their success practicing absolutely different kinds of management. The style of leadership varies from a person to a person and is affected by the circumstances the leader has to work in, their personality and character, the kind of organization they manage and the kind of people they hire. This paper examined leadership style of an outstanding business leader whose name is Warren Buffett. This man has changed the world’s idea about leadership in business; this is why his style is of high interest for many experts. Introduction The keys to successful leadership have been debated about ever since the ancient times. Well known thinkers such as Plato, Socrates and Aristotle discussed what makes a great leader, if being outstanding is something people are born with or if it is something they can learn to be. Today the issues of leadership in the business world are researched from various perspectives. Many experts came up with different theories about the styles of leadership, the qualities and skills necessary for a good leader, the kinds of behavior and thinking that can be useful for them. The most popular and professional business schools are focused on training specialists for work in the sphere of business and take over leading positions, be prepared to organize the employees and handle responsibilities. Having knowledge of all the theoretical approaches to the duties and tasks of a successful leader is, without a doubt, very important. At the same time, observing the work of practicing world renowned business leaders can be even more useful because it provides the observer with special insights, original approaches and unique strategies that have never been documented because they appear as products of the professional experience, extraordinary personality and special circumstances the leader had to work with. Such observations are truly priceless, this is why the leadership styles, strategies and techniques of well known business practitioners are carefully followed and examined these days. This paper is focused on leadership style one of the most famous business leaders if the present days Warren Buffett in order to research his special approaches and the basic factors of his success. Warren Buffett’s Success The management genius of Warren Buffett is known all around the world. This man is famous for his easy attitude and down to earth personality, but at the same time he is the second richest American and is the number four in the list of the wealthiest people of the world. According to last year’s data, Warren Buffett is worth fifty thre
There are numerous similarities between the Korean and Vietnam wars. Yet, identifying how different they were in conflict resolutions and political interferences. That is why the author has written a thorough Korean war and Vietnam war compare and contrast essay. Similarities between Korean and Vietnam Wars First of all, the decision to start both wars had an ideological background. According to the Truman Doctrine, the government of the United States supposed that in case if Korea and Vietnam choose communism as the ideology, the United States has to stop this process. Such measure seamed only one good solution used to prevent the expansion of communism around the Asian continent and around the world. However, the way battles, the use of chemical weapons and millions of victims demonstrated that those wars were unfair regarding the citizens of Korea and Vietnam. While the United States and the URSS were solving their ideological conflicts, millions of the local citizens were involved in this process. Although the Vietnam War and the Korean War had the same ideological roots, methods of battles, both countries were separated for two parts where North parts were favored communism and South were supported democracy. There were also several differences such as the way of development of the conflicts where the Korean War was during three years, and the Vietnam War was the prolonged struggle, the participation of the Chinese troops in the Korean War, the use of chemical weapons in Vietnam and the different outcomes. After World War II, the world faced a new way of ideological wars. The world was separated between the United States and the URSS, democracy, and communism. Considering the expansion of the communism among the Asian countries, the United States had to develop the measures which could stop the expansion of communism and to spread the ideas of democracy and liberalization on the Asian continent. In the end of 50s, when the Cold War started to be more open and transparent, the United States and the URSS decided to find out which political system is stronger. According to the article The Cold War, Korean Conflict, and Vietnam, “it grew out of long-standing disagreements between the United States and the Soviet Union over which type of government and the economic system produced the most liberty, equality, and prosperity” (The U.S. Department of State publication). Both of the systems did not want to start the open conflict and especially to do it on their territory. They chose Vietnam as the base where both systems could examine their forces, fighting with each other. Such politics was the continuation of colonial rule that always existed in this part of the earth but with a different face. The conflict of two economic and political systems, communism and liberalism, caused a number of problems and led to several military conflicts. The Vietnam War and the Korean War were two of those conflicts. Differences between Korean and Vietnam Wars After World War II, the leaders of Vietnam started to accept the system offered by the URSS and considered communism as the only one possible and acceptable system for th