ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Topic Selection Education is built on the transfer of knowledge and social principles within the framework of power relations “student-teacher.” In it, the student is traditionally perceived as a passive recipient, and the teacher as an active provider of “good.” Children use the same methods as teachers to organize their statuses and reduce anxiety about their position in the social hierarchy, for example, in the classroom, building relationships based on power and control. With the development of information technology, significant changes have taken place in the life of a modern teenager: virtual reality has appeared, in which communication and interpersonal relations move to a new level. Bullying becomes more dangerous for an individual, as it can be carried out using Internet technologies. The phenomenon of cyberbullying occurs on various social media, but the vast majority of bullying cases on the global network happen in adolescents. At first glance, it seems that the form of such bullying is harmless. However, the differences between cyberbullying and its traditional real form are due to the peculiarities of the Internet: anonymity, the presence of a wide audience, and the ability to attack 24 hours a day. This has a strong psychological effect on the teenager. There is also anonymity on the Internet, due to which an individual may not even suspect what kind of person is persecuting him, which can cause even more fear in them. Unlike physical abuse, the effects of emotional one affect mental health in the long term. Thus, cyberbullying poses a serious threat to the psychological health of a teenager, which determines the necessity to develop effective programs of cyberbullying prevention based on a deep understanding of its latent causes in the psyche of adolescents. Research Question and Hypothesis The “invisible” bullying factors are the most difficult to study. Although there are components of violence and abuse of power in the family and in everyday life, in education, it is difficult for a researcher to discern violence and the conditions that support it in a habitually organized situation. Meanwhile, knowledge of the psychological characteristics of adolescents who participate in cyberbullying is necessary, with the aim to improve approaches to the implementation of measures to level the manifestations of bullying in social networks. Thus, the research question can be formulated as follows: What psychological characteristics of adolescent’s personalities define readiness and practicing cyberbullying? The aim of the work is to study the psychological characteristics of high school students – participants in cyberbullying. The aim also implies developing practical recommendations for preventing the situation of cyberbullying and optimizing the relationship of adolescents in the digital environment. The hypothesis of the study is as follows: the role of adolescents in a cyberbullying situation is interconnected with
Abstract The paper is devoted to rehabilitation patient scheduling and its significance for clinical practice. The study employs a literature review as the primary data collection and analysis tool. The purpose of the research is the evaluation of different algorithm-based scheduling models, their features, advantages, and flaws. The findings reveal that the application of automatic planning systems support the increase in service and work efficiency and facilitates the achievement of the positive patient and economic outcomes. The reviewed dynamic programming and deterministic linear programming models can both be effective in rehabilitation hospitals. However, the linear model computation can be readjusted to meet particular situations, needs, and constraints and it is less time-consuming than DP exploration. Introduction The purpose of rehabilitation divisions’ work is the maintenance and recovery of patients’ health, frequently right after surgery or other interventions of acute conditions. The largest part of rehabilitation inpatient populations stays in hospitals for some weeks and receive various treatments that involve the implementation of numerous resources (staff, equipment, medicines, time, etc.). The number of rendered services and treatments varies from one setting to another depending on size and specialization. Similarly, the demand for them differs in distinct communities. However, despite potential dissemblance in supply and demand, rehabilitation divisions play an essential role in health systems due to the very nature of their functions. Most of the therapeutic rehabilitation processes are carried out with the assistance of personnel and are usually fixed in duration. Therefore, the quality, accuracy, and efficiency of scheduling practices are critical to the patient, staff, and economic outcomes within such settings. Based on the importance of this issue, in the given paper, we aim to review and evaluate the evidence about the major rehabilitation patient scheduling principles collected from the recent scholarly articles. Through the analysis of findings regarding various hospital scheduling systems, we will attempt to generate some recommendations aimed to improve adverse situations within the context of the discussion. Literature Review Problem Statement According to Wang, Hung, and Yen (2016), hospital punctuality, regularity in the use of treatment equipment by rehabilitates, and wholehearted health practitioners’ support are the key success factors in rehabilitation intervention. Each nurse, therapist, physician, and other clinical staff members all equally responsible for the effective treatment provision and adaptability to the course of intervention and particular hospital conditions. Providers should thus be allocated with sufficient time to meet every patient’s needs. Additionally, practitioners’ patient communic
The need for incentive rewards as a form of promoting quality and productivity has made companies across the global village to adopt different incentive plans. Often, these plans are aimed at enticing the workforce to perform above the normal standards. HR professionals have noted enterprise, individual, and group incentive plans. Thus, this reflective paper adopts a deductive approach presenting the pros and cons of individual and group incentive plans review from refereed journal articles on the perspectives of quality and relevance. In addition, the treatise looks into the key quality measures that are considered important by incentive plan implementers. Incentive plan is one of the most discussed topics in the human resource management. Depending on the plan adopted, every group has an interpretation of the term ‘quality’ as a result of incentive plan implementation. However, there is usually a lot of difference in people’s perspectives about quality depending on the type of incentive plan adopted. As the oldest form of incentive plan, piecework is “an incentive plan under which employees receive a certain rate for each unit produced” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 219). Generally, piecework plan’s merit is that “employees are paid based on their performances” (Kaynak, 2003, p. 429). Thus, it inspires underperformers to improve on their service delivery upon witnessing top achievers receiving rewards. However, piecework plan “may not motivate employees especially when employees believe that the above average performance will provoke disapproval between the fellow coworkers” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 219). Moreover, this type of incentive plan is restricted to specific situations and may not present quantifiable results in long term. Generally, it requires “constant administration as well as industrial engineers and/or industrial engineering technicians to maintain the system” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 220). Group incentive plans are aimed at giving rewards to a group or a team for an outstanding achievement. Instead of concentrating on an individual, these plans attempt to promote quality through team encouragement. Often, based on the group’s overall performance, many firms pay the same quantity of incentive to all members of the group. This type of incentive plan is best suited “when quality is more important than quantity” (Kaynak, 2003, p. 432). Thus, group incentive plans “differ from the individual ones as they encourage employees to cooperate each other in order to achieve companies’ goals” (Brink, Fruytier, & Thunnissen, 2012, p. 220). Among the merits of group incentive plans include minimization of envy between employees, acquisition of different learning skills from several interacting teams, and collective responsibility in execution of duty. Besides, member of these teams are likely to adopt healthy competition as group interest will override that of self interest. However, it has the disadvantage “of
Dear Mr. Ferguson, I am writing you regarding the deplorable state of affairs concerning childhood obesity in the state. I would like to stress that the statistics show not only high obesity rates among children but also high rates of disorders among children suffering from obesity, as well as several lethal cases, which raises my concern. I believe that taking the right course of action will help improve the situation considerably within the next several years. Taking a single look at the recent data on childhood obesity and diabetes rates is enough to notice that the problem has been snowballing for several years running. For example, the 2010 report says that the rates of childhood obesity have peaked greatly compared to the previous decades: “Obesity has doubled in Maryland over the past 20 years, and nearly one-third of youth are obese, with significant consequences for health and the State’s finances” ( Childhood obesity: A growing problem in Maryland , 2010). Moreover, the tendency among the Maryland children and teenagers to develop obesity continues nowadays at an even faster pace: “Currently, 31% of adults and 18% of children are obese, as defined by their body mass index (BMI)” (Perlstein, 2013). Therefore, I believe that the problem has become increasingly significant over the past few years and that it demands immediate solutions. As it must have been expected, the key factor that influences the rates of child obesity and diabetes among younger students in school nutrition. As Schanzenbach explains, “By the end of third-grade lunch eaters are 23 percentage points more likely to be obese, are six percentage points more likely to be overweight, and have a 2.8 percent higher BMI” (Schanzenbach, 2008, 696). Therefore, the school nutrition program must be improved. Instead of junk food, the school should offer students healthy food that contains slightly fewer calories and contains less fat. It is important to mention, though, that offering only vegetables and fruits will be not enough; children need a balanced diet that includes protein, i.e., meat, and products containing carbohydrates as well. Fats consumption, however, should be reduced to a minimum. In addition, the school should also cut the number of sweets offered to children, since the latter are likely to develop diabetes in case of careless sweets consumption. As for diabetes prevention, it is reasonable to increase diabetes awareness among children. As the recent studies show, the intervention that involves such components as “nutrition, physical activity, behavioral knowledge and skills” (Foster et al., 2010, 444) works best when the rates of obesity or diabetes must be brought down. That being said, I would like to stress the necessity to take action as soon as possible, since the rates of childhood obesity are likely to increase, as I said before. Even at present, it seems that childhood obesity has become more than an issue – it is nowadays a kind of a national scourge, and one must find a way to put a stop to the growing obesity rates. With that in mind, one
My living room is undoubtedly the favorite room in my house. It is the room where I relax when I am tired. I entertain my friends and any other guests in my living room. My living room is designed in such a way that windows are facing the hills. These hills offer extraordinarily beautiful scenery, and one can just look at them the whole day without noticing how time flies by. At the foot’ of the mountains is incredibly beautiful vegetation comprising mainly of cedar trees and blue lilies. My friends love coming to my home just to have a view of the beautiful snow-capped hills. I have painted a light green color on the walls of my living room and a cream color on the ceiling. The green tint offers a therapeutic and comfortable feeling since it matches well with the environment around my home. The domain itself is remarkably green and provides a great sense to one’s body and soul. Cool colors are useful when it comes to painting or decorating one’s house. Dull colors create a feeling of discomfort and may even stress the guests. In fact, my home is painted with only cool colors. Since my living room is not very big, I had to plan wisely before furnishing it. I also wanted it to look warm and to accommodate my guests who visit me once in a while. I tried to arrange it in such a way that it would fit the necessary furniture without looking congested. The cost of furnishing it was another issue that I carefully considered. I wanted to buy things that were fashionable and comfortable yet not very expensive. After careful thought and consideration, I decided to purchase sofas, two chairs, a rug, a table, a bookshelf, 21-inch television, curtains, and a table. The sofas look comfortable as I decided to buy a set that has enormous cushions. The collection of sofas is cream in color and, it blends very well with my cream flowery curtains. The location can accommodate at least five people at a time. When I am entertaining more than five people in my house, the chairs come in handy. The shelves in my living room hold a number of books and magazines. The brackets look like a small library and, one can get books on different topics. I also have novels from mainly bestselling authors, which my friends borrow from time to time. They also exchange my stories with theirs. My magazines are mostly lifestyle magazines that have information about different international celebrities. I also make sure to buy a newspaper daily to keep up with current affairs. My plasma television is silver in color. This is where my friends and I catch up on recent blockbuster movies. We also watch football games, especially from our favorite soccer teams. The stand that holds the telev
Introduction In a general sense, power gives an individual (or an entity) the authority to control the behaviors of other people or influence the environment to suit ones need. Power has often been perceived in a number of ways but legitimately, it has often been referred to as authority (Greiner 1988, p. 4). The exercise of power in the society can be either beneficial or retrogressive to the society, depending on how it is applied. For example, in the business environment, power can be either perceived as top-down or bottom-up (Greiner 1988). Either way, control is exerted on the subordinates or the leaders. For example, in the top-bottom approach, power is exerted on the subordinates but on the bottom-up approach, power is exerted on the leaders. Often, power is confused with coercion and arm-twisting of peoples’ will towards the advantage of an individual or entity (however, this need not be the case at all times). On one hand, power is normally referred to as influence (in the European society), and often, the two terms are used interchangeably; but practically, it refers to different things (Moore 1990, p. 1). Nonetheless, in political and social circles, power has often been analyzed in the context by which it enables individuals to do something. Many researchers and philosophers such as Michel Foucault and Niccolò Machiavelli have in the past tried to expose the existing dimensions of power but evidently, power is witnessed in almost all forms of human actions (Moore 1990, p. 1). Comprehensively, it can be analyzed that power is the distinctive tool that makes most human actions possible and in the words of Michel Foucault (a French philosopher) (cited in Moore 1990, p. 1), power is “a complex strategic situation in a given society social setting”. These definitions abound, this study seeks to analyze the concepts of power and how it dictates the social and political landscape of the society. Emphasis will be made on how power influences the setting of agendas and how it determines structural and disciplinary practices. These factors will develop a conceptual understanding of power after which this study will analyze the sources of power and how it can be created. Agenda Setting Agenda setting is basically a political process which involves
Introduction The novels Robinson Crusoe and Pride and Prejudice by Daniel Defoe and Jane Austen respectively, share a lot. Characterization and themes that the two novels portray are drawn from the medieval British society. This implies that the two novels use huge amounts of realism as a technical element that facilitates their themes. At the one hand, it is recognizable in Defoe’s novel that the use of real events to steer the plot has been immense. In the novel, Robinson Crusoe , Defoe describes it as a history of facts that seeks to portray the social institutions and structures of the medieval British society. Indeed, he uses real experiences of the protagonist who had spent quite some time alone. Undoubtedly, this is a reflection of the real life of Alexander Selkirk in uninhabited island. The author uses his skills to describe minute details in such an elaborate way that the reader cannot question the presence of reality in the novel (Black 129). For instance, he describes the minute details of Crusoe’s activities like building the fence, harvesting his grains and digging the cave amongst many others. Using circumstantial method, Defoe brings out the aspect of realism in the novel. According to Myers, he describes the success of the protagonist in growing crops that gives him a platform through which he brings on board the technical element of realism (176). It is apparent that Defoe also introduces a wrecked ship in novel that facilitates the survival of Crusoe. Another technical skill that has typified Defoe’s use of realism is in the characterization. He portrays Friday’s gratitude and behavior in a very natural way. This is in consideration of the fact that Crusoe had saved his life from cannibals. It therefore becomes natural for him to show gratitude to the protagonist, which inspires the realism in the novel. Finally, he narrates using precise dates that the protagonist stayed in uninhabited island after being swept ashore by unfavorable sailing conditions. In fact, these dates coincides with the real dates of the real character, Alexander Selkirk whose experiences have largely inspired the novel (Black 192). On the other hand, Jane’s novel, Pride and Prejudice , depicts the reality of the society in the nineteenth century. Precisely, her depiction of events in the novel reflects the society of the time. DeMaria says that it is clear that throughout the novel she uses such stylistic devices as irony and contrast to highlight the theme of social relationships in the society (591). Use of letters and other medieval means of communication throughout the novel are critical and realistic elements that portray the themes as being relevant to the medieval British society. Like Defoe, Austen uses characterization to display the reality of social values and beliefs. The characters such as” Bennets” have used their subjective beliefs t
Support The 1960s were a unique period in American history, yet they are remembered mostly due to the ambiguous policies in the interactions within American society. On the one hand, the propensity toward tolerance started to become evident at the specified period in time, allowing American citizens to develop a perspective on the problems faced by people from diverse environments. On the other hand, the presence of deeply seated prejudices was evident. Nonetheless, the 60s are often characterized by the freedom movement that was at the forefront of the American culture at the time (Foner 974). The focus on liberation and the reinforcement of the traditionally democratic values resonated with a range of American citizens, causing American society to experience a gradual change in values. With its promotion of democratic values and the promotion of peace and tolerance, the described culture contributed to a change toward a more tolerant worldview among Americans. Despite multiple challenges, the process of transforming American society was launched in the 1960s. Specifically, the famous Freedom Movement, which viewed the promotion of equality for the African American community as its central goal, gained especially strong traction and voice in American society on the specified time slot (Foner 971). Therefore, despite still being ridden with prejudices, the American community showed the tendency to change toward a better and more diverse environment where the principles of “freedom, justice, and equality” could be planted (Foner 970). Therefore, while the overall sociopolitical environment was not quite favorable to the plight of African American people and other minorities, premises for the fight against oppression were created. Rebuttal Despite the presence of positive trends, the culture of the 1960s was filled with a range of problems that were inherent to American society at that point. The increase in the extent of social division and the development of racism within American society was also spurred by the rise in the urbanization process. According to Foner, “suburbanization hardened the racial lines of division in American life” (951). As a result, the tension in the relationships between the African American community and European Americans rose noticeably at the specified point in time, causing severe disruptions in the cultural progress of the state. Therefore, one might claim that the 1960s were a rather controversial era during which the basic principles of equality were often neglected due to deeply seated prejudices and stereotypes. Apart from th