ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Strepto pyogenes was first introduced and narrated by Billroth on the verge of third and fourth quarters of the nineteenth century (1874). This first description came when the microorganism was detected from the infected wounds. Further work by Fehleisen resulted in isolation of organisms on cultures from perierysipelas lesions within the next decade; these organisms settled them in chains on the culture media. So, after a year Rosenbach called them for the first time as S pyogenes. Main text S pyogenes belong to the phylum firmicutes, class bacilli, genus streptococcus, order lactobacillus, family streptococcaceae and species s pyogenes. It is a spherical gram positive bacterium and when cultured, it grows on media in long chains. Group A streptococcal infections are caused by this microorganism. It produces group A antigen on its cell wall; it also displays beta-hemolysis when the culture medium used is blood agar. One of its unique features is large zones of hemolysis because of the complete disruption of red blood corpuscles and as a result release of hemoglobin. This microorganism is catalase-negative with an incubation period of ten days when the conditions are favorable. Initially, different types of hemolyses were described by Brown which was followed by the Lancefield classification of beta-hemolytic streptococci by serotyping on the basis of M-protein precipitin reactions. It was at this time that the role of M protein was established in disease causation. Different scientists including George and Dick determined that scarlet fever was the result of this microorganism. The other two very important autoimmune diseases, acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis, have also been linked to post-infectious sequelae of hemolytic streptococcal infections. Metabolism Like metabolic needs and their satisfaction in other microorganisms, S.pyogenes has also got various pathways and chemical reactions that maintain the metabolic needs of the microorganism. Some of these pathways or chemical reactions are given below: Heterotrophic Metabolism It is the biologic oxidation of organic compounds, as glucose, to produce ATP and inorganic compound. This energy-producing step is required by the microorganism to meet its demand. Respiration It is a type of heterotrophic metabolism in which oxidation of glucose takes place. The process results in the production of 38 moles of ATPs from 1 mole of glucose, thus yielding approximately 380,000 cal. Fermentation This is a process in which comparatively less amount of energy is produced. Here some organic compound replaces oxygen, in comp
Cavalier, by no means, can be said established because it is unsure about the strategy it should take to penetrate into the market. The company might be thinking that it could simply shift its pattern of selling by triggering the personal buyers instead of extending the range of business buyers, but it could be a costly strategy. Firstly, what possible measures can Cavalier take to reach the personal buyers? Is Cavalier thinking of opening numerous stores around the city so that it can gain popularity in the buyers market? Well the strategy seems sound from one point but can have unpleasant consequences considering the investment Cavalier would have to make and the time it would take to recover the costs. To decide which strategy Cavalier has to come up with, it is wise for Cavalier to analyze the market and the nature of the product it is offering. Cavalier specializes in selling office equipment which is not an everyday product. The product may get sold only once or twice in an individual buyer buying cycle. So it can easily be said that the decision is based on considering the ‘nature of the market’ and the ‘nature of the product’ (Calvin, 2000). The product is not an FMCG and so it may not seek greater personal buyer attention if Cavalier decides to sell the products to the personal buyers. A sound strategy would therefore be to expand geographically by keeping the same set of buyers (B2B). However, it could be a handy idea to open a store in one of the most famous and popular spots of city as this would increase the general awareness of the personal buyers regarding Cavalier. If Cavalier is smart enough to analyze the whole situation, it can identify the numerous challenges associated with the B2C approach. The sales scenario can be changed as due to competition and nature of the product the only handful of people may prefer to buy the goods from Cavalier and so it may take a longer time to recover the investments made which is simply a drawback. On the other hand, if Cavalier hires another sales team and assigns sales quotas keeping the geographical coverage in view, it is likely to expand and generate sales with lesser emphasis on the investment recovery. This could be a point encouraging B2B strategy over B2C. As there are drawbacks, there are benefits as well. A clear plus point for Cavalier, if it decides to go with a B2C strategy in addition to its current B2B strategy, is to have greater confidence and trust of customers (businesses) in itself. To answer, we have to consider the fact that Cavalier ma
Abstract Economic risk analysis of the UAE shows that it lacks serious economic threats to the Road Pavement Management Industry. The GDP has risen in the past few years. The population that can provide the required labor for the company has increased. Inflation rates remain low. Oil and hydrocarbon trades have generated large revenues and surplus to keep the balance of payment in positive positions and eliminate taxes of businesses. The financial market is stable for investors. Taxes are low in the UAE, but a foreign pavement company may not get the same treatment as local ones. Moreover, foreigners cannot easily own land and can only own 49 percent of their investments. The R&D in the UAE may not favor the growth of the pavement company due to poor performances. The pavement company can use available media to promote its work. Introduction This market report presents economic risk analysis of United Arabs Emirates for potential investment in the Road Pavement Management Industry. The report covers population characteristics, economic data and activities, developments in science and technology, channels of distribution, and media. Population The UAE National Bureau of Statistics estimated that the total population of the UAE was 8.19 million people in 2010 (National Bureau of Statistics, 2010). The country’s population growth rate was 3.28 percent in the year 2011. A potential investor can rely on this population to provide the required labor for the industry. Most of these populations are concentrated in major urban centers of the UAE where the pavement company can establish its operations. Abu Dhabi has an estimated population of 2.9 million people while Dubai has 2.4 million people. The large number of qualified migrants would provide technical skills for the company. The Bureau’s data show that nearly 88.5 percent of the populations are expatriates while Emiratis are only 947,997 (11.5 percent). Ethnic composition includes Emiratis and foreign expatriates from different regions, which represent over 150 nationalities. The ethnic composition will provide the company with diverse workforce for the international market. Economic statistics and activity The UAE’s GDP or PPP is $258.8 billion and grows at the rate of 4.9 percent according to the Heritage Foundation (Heritage Foundation, 2013). The per capita income is $48,158, but there is not data on average family income. This growth shows the UAE provides a good opportunity for investors. The country has several modes of transport, which includes water, land, and air. The UAE experiences one of the worst traffic jams in the world, particularly in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Nevertheless, there are plans to upgrade road and public means of transport. The usage rates of surface transport have increased significantly as the number of middle-class increases. Conversely, availability of public means of transport is now st
Hundreds of people are escaping from the cities of the South East of Ukraine every day. Leaving behind everything they had, their homes and properties is the only way to survive the artillery bombardment that their hometowns undergo every day. The armed conflict between military rebellions of Donetsk and Lugansk regions and the Ukrainian army has been going on for months. Both sides use heavy artillery in urban areas. Maternity hospital of Donetsk survived a shell attack today. The patients hid in the basement. The doctors had to deliver three babies in the unsanitary conditions, said Marina Ovsyanik, the nurse of the hospital. The shells broke the windows, hit the walls and beds in the rooms where pregnant women were resting. Daria, a patient of the hospital says that this is how people of South East of Ukraine live now, scared and hiding. The shells came from the side where the Ukrainian army is based, states the fireman that arrived to put out the fire in the maternity home. The hospital was hit today, yesterday a school was shot, luckily no one was inside. The citizens of Donetsk do not understand why the army attacks hospitals, schools, kindergartens and apartment buildings. The train and auto stations of Donetsk are always crowded; people have to leave their hometown right under the constant bombing. The sounds of explosions and bombing do not surprise anyone in the South East of Ukraine today; people that still stay there have adjusted to life in the towns without electricity, water supply or food. No one can predict when this humanitarian catastrophe in the South East of Ukraine is going to end.
Vietnam War deprived thousands of people of life and is considered one of the deadliest wars in the history of humans. The decade participation of the United States in this war was initially directed at preserving the noncommunist government of the Vietnamese people. The American leaders were confident in their necessity to intrude into this conflict, especially after the success of the US army in World War second. Over the years, the American people realized that the lived of the US soldiers were wasted for achieving the ambitious goals of the American leaders. The horrible events taking place on the battleground were vigorously described by many war journalists and short stories writers. In particular, Viet Nam War Generation Journal reveals non-fiction stories depicting writers who highlighted cruel struggles in Vietnam. Mangling Frail Civilian Sensibilities: the Story of Gustav Hasford, Literary Snuffie narrates some outstanding facts from the life of Gustav Hasford, the famous short story writer (Aaron 2002). Jason Aaron, the author of the article, describes the feelings and reflections of a young writer who witnessed the horrors of those fights. However, on arriving in this country, Gustav “didn’t exactly know where [Vietnam] was” (Aaron 2002), but further he realized that war had deeply perpetuated into his life thus having been embodied into his stories The Short-Timers and Mirror Northwest. These stories reflect Hasford’s condemnation of the war that made innocent noncombatants suffer. In his story The Tattooed Chicken, the author included the motives of the Vietnam War where the characters had been compared with werewolves in the violent scenes. In the article, Aaron refers to Hasford’s recollections of the war thus calling Vietnam a “bad dream that we wanted to tuck away forever. It was like writing about cancer” (Aaron 2002). For this writer, this war was like a plague that crushed the aspiration of many good people to live. During the war, Gustav Hasford met many friends who helped him to remain strong and persistent and provoke him for writing his stories full of pain and grief. The article also showed the author’s growing anger against this cruel world where people turned into animals. By his writing, he intended “to attack you [the aliens] where [they] were the most vulnerable and [he] can inflict the most damage…” (Aaron 2002). In his works, Hasford expressed his hatred to this land that deprived him of his numerous friends, and instead he was constan
Introduction An enterprise directs its work either at the production of goods or the delivery of services. Apart from being engaged in its main activity, a company might search for additional ways of profit-making or funding, which require an accurate assessment of opportunities and risks. Such projects constitute a significant part of many organizations’ work and enable them to widen the boundaries of their performance, improve the quality, and manage the finances. Successful engagement in project work requires a company’s managers’ rational methods of project selection, utilization of estimating techniques, and methods of evaluation of project costs. All these elements should be incorporated in an effective system of planning interventions to ensure the success of the selected project. Factors Determining a Company’s Selections of a Project Based on the aims a company needs to achieve upon the project’s completion, managers identify the influential factors that determine the selection of the type of project. They include prioritization, time and funding limitations, “fit with other projects in the portfolio,” availability of resources, and level of competency of project managers (Kezner, 2017, p. 285). The factors related to funds should be addressed at the initial stages of the project selection process because they present the limitations for the possible types of projects a company might consider. Also, the human, material, time, and other types of resources should be analyzed from their availability and applicability to the particular projects (Wilson, 2014). Finally, the prospects of profit-making or processing improvements should be taken into account when selecting a project. Top-Down and Bottom-Up Estimates and Their Use In the sphere of project management, there are two opposed types of estimating techniques: top-down and bottom-up. In general, top-down estimating addresses cost analyzing a project as a whole (Nicholas & Steyn, 2017). It utilizes general information available from experts or statistical data from the previously experienced activities in the field. Top-down estimating does not give a detailed cost evaluation since it emphasizes the ultimate costs of a project. This approach might be used at the initial stages of a project “when developing the overall scope statement or project character” (Wilson, 2014, p. 197). Thus, the top-down method is only effective for the general planning of the project but not for the detailed estimation of all the types of costs. From this perspective, the bottom-up approach is the most effective due to its detailed analysis of all the influential factors at all stages of project processing. It presents specific information about the costs of all “components of each work activity and progressively forms the sum of all costs” (Wilson, 2014, p. 197). For a project manager to apply this method the most effective, it is essential to divide the steps of project implementation and analyze them separately. This method requires more time and more specific data than top-down (Nicholas & Steyn, 2017). It might be used at the later stages of the project selection process when there is a limited ch
Pathophysiology of Shock Examination of the shock condition allows determining the patient’s health condition more effectively, to identify symptoms and find treatment methods. In this essay, it is analyzed the male dog, nine years old, neutered. Based on the input signals of involuntary vomiting, bloating, anxiety and palpation pain, the stage of the patient’s shock is analyzed, and solutions are proposed. This essay aims to investigate the pathophysiology of shock, to analyze the state of shock and to recommend treatment options. Shock state includes three stages: compensatory, decompensatory, and late decompensatory. The first stage of shock refers to a situation where the body primarily responds to a lack of oxygen, which leads to increased blood flow into the tissue. Compensatory mechanisms achieve this by increasing HP and reducing blood pressure. To compensate for oxygen deficiency, breathing frequency tends to increase. Also, the mucous membranes become pale, and the capillaries fill up longer due to narrowed arterial lumen. At the same time, temperature and mentation are reduced. The opposite situation occurs when the body cannot compensate for the lack of oxygen – it is a decompensatory shock. At this stage, respiration rate, body temperature, and blood pressure are reduced. There is an increase in HP, although the mucous membranes are still pale, the capillaries fill slowly, and the mentation is blurred. The late stage of decompensation is associated with hypotension and bradycardia, and breathing frequency drops even more significantly. The color of the mucous membranes will become turbid grey, and the filling of the capillaries is inhibited. Temperature is lowered to the max, and the mentation is not felt. Given the signals given, the dog is in the last, obstructive stage. Monitoring Shock Patient assessment is based on three indicators, such as the increase of lactate, change of urine specific gravity (USG), the PCV status. In shock states, lactate production by multiple hypoxic organs may exceed its metabolism: this is the basis of lactate determination for assessing hypoperfusion. The USG is responsible for the ability of the kidneys to concentrate: values greater than 1.014 indicate insufficient fluid intake into the body. Moreover, monitoring can be done through PCV, which shows the number of red blood cells. In this way, it is possible to determine how well the blood is oxygenated: dehydration increases this figure. In these cases, plasma volume decreases with normal red blood cell count and the PCV level in the tests increases. As for the physical changes when the patient moves from compensation to decompensated, I would pay close attention to delicate and irregular breathing, reduced body temperature, tachycardia and tachypnea, and quickly falling blood pressure. Drug dosage and metabolism would become the essential objectives when caring for the patient as well as its immune status and response to pain control and nursing care. Treating Shock Immediate treatment for the patient should include oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and removal of the gas from the stom
The Habit of Smoking Reasons why University Students Smoke University students use smoking to alleviate stress from constant studying and the constant pressures in their social lives. Others start smoking due to the peer pressure from their friends. Students, especially those who suffer from low self esteem, are the most likely to start smoking in an effort to blend in with “the crowd”, who in this case are their peers (Zachary & Siegel, 2010). The Side Effects of Smoking Cigarettes, like any other drug, come with their effects and most of them are serious health effects that can even lead to death. The most common health hazard associated with smoking is lung cancer. It can also cause heart attacks and strokes. Lung disease and chronic bronchitis are also caused by smoking. Other side effects of smoking are the yellowing of the teeth, bad breath, difficulty in sleeping, sore throat and even cancer of the mouth, lips and larynx (Siegel, Tanwar & Wood, 2010). Ways to Quit Smoking Visiting a Smoking Treatment Medical Center. To quit smoking, one can visiting a smoking treatment center; the addict meets with a certified smoking cessation specialist who will determine how dependent one is to nicotine, the willingness to quit and the most preferred way of learning. Then the specialist will design a specialized treatment which is suitable for the smoker (Siegel, Tanwar & Wood, 2010). Joining a ‘Stop Smoking’ Support Group A support group is another avenue for smokers to quit smoking, this achieved by the group therapy in which students who want to quit smoking come together and are taken through the quitting process and since they share a common goal they encourage and support each other which builds up to the achievement of the group and the individuals in it (Siegel, Tanwar & Wood, 2010). Using some medicines to help you quit The use of medicines is common to the students who wish to stop smoking. The examples of the medications used for quitting are; nicotine replacement therapy, Zyban and Champix. This meds release nicotine to the blood stream therefore helps to counter the cravings that arise and result to withdrawals (Zachary & Siegel, 2010). Electronic Cigarettes An electronic cigarette is an electronic device that simulates the act of smoki
Introduction In order to properly describe the technical setting that includes the color palette and set design for the movie Pan’s Labyrinth, it is necessary to understand the most about the film why such set design and color palette are used starting out with the Goth-themed movie intertwining a historical background of war against the fantasy of a girl. In Pan’s Labyrinth, del Toro explores his extravagant childhood imagination and intertwined it with: the dangers of ideology and the Spanish Civil War. With that in place, a compelling tale about a young girl into the journey of painful reality and challenging fantasy. The film that traces the fate of an innocent girl Ofelia is landscaped with man-made evil in the character of her stepfather Captain Vidal, an officer for Spanish leader Franco. In this film, del Toro collaborates with cinematographer Guillermo Navarro, an Academy Award-winning Mexican cinematographer who has worked in Hollywood since 1993 and is a frequent collaborator of fellow Mexicans del Toro. The narrative is about a fairy from the underworld who went to the upper world and has forgotten about nature and dies on earth. The underworld believed that this princess should someday return. Back on earth, a war was going on between government forces and rebels in 1944 Spain, and a certain Captain Vidal leading the army is about to reunite with a woman he had impregnated. That woman had a child from another man, who is Ofelia. Ofelia was not exactly welcome to join her stepfather, whose only interest was the son carried by Ofelia’s sick mother. A garden infested with other-world creatures became Ofelia’s sanctuary to buffer her against the cold reality. This paper shall try to properly organize a comparison/contrast essay about the narrative/film using proper stylistic, grammatical, and evidential procedures to demonstrate an understanding of introductory paragraphs, thesis statements, body paragraphs, and conclusions. It will use Real World against Fantasy World comparing or contrasting the Color Palette and Set Design of both the real world and the fantasy world in the film Pan’s Labyrinth. Discussion In consideration of the set design, it is necessary to define the time setting of Pan’s Labyrinth in the Spanish civil war in 1944. It is to be expected that its world was younger, though in a bleak period of deaths and torture that comes with wars. In reality, it was a Spanish period that, although bloody, still featured days of Mediterranean sun as its backdrop: peasant houses and royalty castles in their glory. In fantasy, which is the film, the lightings that define the color palette were quite shady, with the projection that the film, although taken prior to the year 2006, which is very recent, has the effect that it was old. The color palette is in dark shades of sepia brown, black, brown, grey, or dark green as though eternally clouded with moisture or fog. The colors of objects, background, and the physical environment, in general, areas they are in foggy mist, although there are moments that sepia is applied to em