ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Describe the primary functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, controlling) and the associated skills, tools, and theoretical approaches that can be used to accomplish these functions Google is one of the most excellent and well-known organizations that provide internet search engine globally. Its head offices are located in Mountain View, California. Since its establishment on September 4th, 1998 by its founders L. Page and S. Brin, it has progressed and thrived speedily into a universal corporation offering excellent products and services. The success of Google, as a technological company is attributable to scientific research carried out by determined scientists. The great efforts of the scientists resulted in major a programming theory, whose application through a complicated mathematical procedure paved the way to the current acceptable search engine technology. Google as unique innovation has portrayed considerable efforts to enhance knowledge among the human race (Steiber, 2014). The initiators of this corporation had a high aspiration of changing the world by making information available to all at a click of a button. Their relentless efforts have demonstrated that their principal objective was not to engulf wealth. Therefore, the corporation’s mission is to ensure that the entire world’s information is organized and made valuable and universally available. Though internet users get free services from Google, the company generates its revenues from various advertisers whose aim is to connect with their online customers. They are provided with Google Adwords (an advertising program), which allows advertisers to post their Ads on the internet for online users to see their products and services. Additionally, Google has invented a great mobile software platform named Android, which is being used by phone manufacturers to install on their gadgets as well as create applications for handset devices. Some of these Google Apps include Google Sites and Gmail among others. By selling these products and services, Google has recorded a great fortune in the recent past. Explain the principal theories and the various approaches to management that have evolved and their application to current management situations The employees working for Google are happy, contented, and always determined. The reason behind their happiness and motivation to work is that their employer provides them with a great diet. They are given free meals from breakfast to dinner. At the headquarter campus, several cafeterias have been set up to serve healthy foodstuff and drinks such as juice and coffee to the employees. Hence, the company has incorporated the habit of a healthy diet for its workers as its organizational culture and identity through supporting the production of organic products as well as chemical-free meats from local farmers. Besides, these workers ca
Introduction In the process of recruitment, the interviewing group requests interviewees to state their anticipated wage or monthly pay. The logic behind posing this question is pegged on the claim that it is likely that the job may be unsatisfying when the pay offered to a successful candidate is too low from his or her anticipations. On the other hand, when the salary offered is too high in relation to the candidate’s expected pay, a general interpretation is that the candidate is not sure of the job requirements. The amount of anticipated pay is crucial to the employee. It determines their buying power. It is also equally important to employers. According to Chaudhry and Sabir, “while running a business, salary can also be viewed as the cost of gaining human resources for running systems and operations, and they are designated at different positions, with employers bearing personnel disbursement or salary expense” (325). In every organisation, the perspective of salary or wage level is incorporated in the motivational programs. One of the noble roles of the human resource arm of an organisation is to develop salaries and reward systems. This suggests that payment satisfaction is mandatory for employees’ satisfaction with their jobs. This study investigates the interrogative of whether reimbursement is a significant factor affecting job contentment. This aim is accomplished through examination of the relationship between performance-based pay and job satisfaction. Performance-based Pay System Performance-based pay is a system of payment in which an employer rewards an employee based on how well he or she works or paid equivalent to the amount of work output. The system is most suitable for enterprises that depend on a high level of performance and skills, and in which the cost of labour represents somewhat small share of total costs, unlike in labor-intensive industries. In addition, according to Glisson and Durick, performance –rated pay schemes are not only, mostly applied in manufacturing firms but also in service industries (81). Whether public or private manufacturing or service industry, an employer negotiates the system with employers and seeks a management or pay expert to analyse pay structure in order to ascertain its feasibility, corporate or business objectives as well as human resource management objectives (Chaudhry and Sabir 355). This consultative and negotiated principle helps to guard against possible pitfalls and outlines the terms and conditions of such payments. Conversely, as Green and Heywood assert, the principles are vital in establishing and in ascertaining different structures that are best suited to particular businesses and tasks. Several tasks are closely associated with performance-based pay system. One example of this mechanism of payment is the payment of salespeople, in the service industry, on a commission basis depending on the number of sales made. In sales, based on the claim that people work with determination and extra effort to earn optimally, some employers base their remuneration programs on work performance. In the case of sales perso
Introduction The Declaration of Independence is regarded as the United States of America’s most important document. This document, which was drafted in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson, is hailed as a symbol of liberty and it marked the birth of the United States of America. The ideals expressed in this document continue to be upheld by the American society to date. Considering the great significance of the Declaration of Independence, this paper will set out to highlight the reasons why the Declaration of Independence was written. Reason for Writing the Declaration The Declaration was to serve as a notice to all the nations of the world that the American Colonies were proclaiming their independence from the British Colonists. The declaration served as a formal document expressive the reality that the colonies were announcing their independence (Vile 208). The thirteen colonies that endorsed this document wanted to be recognized as a state by the international community. The Declaration affirmed the right of the Americans organized into thirteen states to enter the international arena on a footing equal to other, similar state (Armitage 64). The Declaration of Independence was written to act as an explanation to the international community the reasons why the colonies were declaring their independence from England. A declaration of independence was bound to elicit an aggressive reaction from Great Britain, which was keen to maintain its hold on America. Other European countries ruled by monarchies might also have opposed the move towards independence by the colonies. The colonies therefore needed to explain their cause of action to other nations from whom they sought support. Armitage confirms this by noting that in its early decades, the Decla
Introduction This report presents the transcripts of the interview conducted with Mr. Tony Chan of XYZ Company. The interview is about the effectiveness of communication in the company. The company belongs to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) category with total employees of 30 people. The company has three departments – marketing, operation and general. Mr. Tony Chan is the manager responsible for all the activities of the company engaged in international trading. The questions asked in the interview pertain in general with the lines of communication and issues faced by the company in the communication. The following section presents the questions and answers from the interview. Interview Questions and Answers The questions are shown in bold letters and the responses in normal form. What types of written messages, including email, are used for communication in your department/ company/ organization? What types of written messages are most commonly used? The company uses email as the main form of communication both internally and with outside agencies and contacts. Employees frequently use inter office memorandum for communication within the organization. In addition to emails, newsletters and promotional fliers are used for marketing communication. What types of communication technologies are used for communication in your department/company/organization? What types of technology are most commonly used for communication? Computers with internet connectivity are the most common technology used for written communications. Printed materials are used for marketing communication. Landline and mobile telephones are used for oral communication. Please share any communication errors/problems you have encountered or observed in your department/ company / organization in the past few weeks. What do you perceive to be the cause for these errors or problems? In general, there is only lesser amount of errors in communication occurs within the organization as the number of employees is very less. However, sometimes there will be miscommunication among the marketing and operations department on the quantity of certain materials available or the discount structures on the products. The errors in quantitative information arise mainly due to the carelessness of the employees dealing with the inventory. Since the company follows a computerized inventory system, if the employee omits to enter certain transactions this may affect the correctness of the quantitative information passed on to the marketing department. Similarly, when the manufactures whose products are dealt with by the company communicate revised discount structures, the marketing department needs to be informed at once to adjust their offers to the potential customers. On some occasions, the company has lost potential sales due to the lack of proper communication between marketing and operations departments. What communication skills do you feel are most important for new employees in your department/ company / organization? Effective written communication skill is very im
Success if one of the major concerns of modern society, Nowadays, it serves as the main determiner of the significance of an individual and his/her position in society. For this reason, everyone tries to attain success and promote the further development of personality. However, there are numerous challenges a person might face while trying to improve his/her position in society. It is a complicated process that is comprised of numerous ups and downs. Besides, it is crucial to realize the fact that failure is an integral part of the life of a human being, and it helps to acquire the new experience and reconsider some approaches. Revolving around the issue, one could remember his/her own failure. Sometimes it is rather painful and could result in disappointment and despair. Moreover, failure can make a person abandon some projects and accept his/her helplessness. As for me, I had a number of painful downs in my life, which impacted my personality and triggered a certain change process. However, at first, I was rather vulnerable, and any failure was a great tragedy. I was sure that it resulted from my inability to perform a certain kind of activity and evidenced the necessity of giving up. Yet, very soon, I realized that this approach could ruin my life and deprive me of any perspectives. This recognition of this idea resulted in the reconsideration of my approach towards success and its main components. The fact is that failure is one of the major concerns related to the issue. However, it does not prove our weakness. It just serves as evidence that the chosen method or approach is not efficient enough to achieve the needed goal. In this regard, it is vital to analyze the main reasons that conditioned fiasco to acquire clear knowledge about the weaknesses of the plan and skill gaps. This investigation will promote a better understanding of the main vectors of the development of personality needed to become successful. Revolving around my own experience, failures in various projects served as the positive reinforcement for me. I was not able to accept the idea that there were things not available to me. The absence of the result just evidenced the lack of preparation and the necessity of some additional effort. In this regard, the reconsideration of my personal attitude towards the issue promoted the significant improvement of my personality. For instance, critical writing has always been one of my weak points, and I experienced a number of failures in the given sphere. Besides, realizing the necessity of writing skills and the impact they have on my further personal and professional development, I made efforts to improve this aspect. Analyzing my previous failures, I highlighted the weak points and created the plan to get rid of nagging mistakes. This fact evidences my own attitude towards failures and the necessity of their acceptance. In conclusion, one should realize the fact that failure is not the sign of helplessness or the absence of any positive aspects. It just shows a person that he/she should work harder to attain success and contri
Introduction Can the legalization of extramarital affairs change the world for the better? This is the brainteaser behind Kate Chopin’s book The Storm . The prevailing society rules do not always take into account all the likes and dislikes of people neither do they care about the repercussions of this ignorance. These rules allow some practices while forbidding others. In her works, The Storm , Kate Chopin raises the issue of adultery. Adultery is an extramarital affair that significantly interposes matrimonial relations. Following the respect attached to marriage, my society prohibits anything that can be put asunder married couples, adultery inclusive. On the contrary, Chopin brings another view of adultery in marriage. She employs characters like Calixta (a wife) and Alcee (a previous admirer) as her main characters. The two ends up having a sexual affair regardless of their respective partners, an action that results in no conflict but a happier marriage. According to Chopin, a passionless marriage coupled with adultery is consequence-free and is as powerful as ‘the storm’ and that it can help maintain the union, nature, and happiness of the married couple, a view that I differ with, based on my aforementioned societal rules attached to marriage. Adultery
Introduction The collection of personal information for market research has been of immense importance in marketing as scholars and practitioners attempt to understand the various characteristics and attributes of consumers (Nunan and Di Domenico 2; Schillewaert and Meulemeester 164). Advances in technology have seen the development of various data collection software for use in the gathering of data from the field. The present paper undertakes a comparative analysis of three such data collection software namely iSURVEY, Dub Interviewer, and Voxco Online. Comparative Analysis iSURVEY is the versatile and reliable data collection software that supports unlimited devices and can be used on any Android or iOS mobile device to capture market data and download the results in the widely utilized CSV (comma separated value) or SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) file format (“Harvest your Data” par. 1-3). The software has been developed by HARVEST YOUR DATA and is mostly used by large and small companies, universities, health institutions, hotels, distributors, and banking institutions for research related purposes (“iSURVEY” par. 1-2). Dub Interviewer is an intuitive and innovative market research interviewing suite developed by NEBU with the aim of allowing face-to-face, telephone and internet research to be conducted from one centralized platform (“NEBU” par. 1). The software targets big and small companies to provide viable solutions to their market research needs. On its part, “Voxco Online offers true flexibility in online survey software – powerful scripting and design capability, multi-channel recruiting options, secure data hosting, and more” (“Voxco Survey Software” par. 1). The software is developed by Voxco and is used by hundreds of clients (e.g., market research firms, academic research centers, and the insights departments of global organizations) and industries (e.g.
The psychological history of Charles Manson suggests that the offender’s behavior is heavily contingent on his childhood memories. Moreover, Manson’s psychological disorder can be characterized as a gradually developing ailment that led to a number of dire consequences (Guinn, 2014). The evaluation of the offender showed that he could be well-defined as a sociopath and a psychopath at the same time. Despite the complexity of Manson’s case, his psychological history can also suggest that he was critically influenced by a number of external sources such as family and peers (Fox & Levin, 2015). The analysis of the offender’s behavior showed that he suffers from cognitive impairment and cannot be a member of society. Manson was mostly abused by his parents, so there were numerous factors that led to the development of a mental disorder that could not have been described in a definite manner. Manson’s behavior largely depended on his childhood sufferings, and the very first crime that he committed was a gas station robbery at the age of 16 (Shanafelt & Pino, 2015). The majority of environmental influences are concealed by the abuse (several times, Manson was dressed like a girl and was obliged to go to school like that simply because his aunt’s husband believed that he was not man enough). Behavioral factors cannot be separated from their psychological counterparts, but Manson’s cognitive impairment is still one of the biggest mysteries in forensic psychology (Guinn, 2014). Moreover, the psychological history of Charles Manson includes a number of events that can be rightfully considered the triggers of his ultimate delinquent behavior. First of all, he was the son of a prostitute. Manson did not even know who was his birth father, and this put a lot of pressure on him throughout his childhood (Forbes, 2016). His personality was formed under the influence of the mother’s illicit behavior. One of the first crimes that he committed was connected to a stolen car that Manson took to have some fun and visit his relatives. Even though he was captured and sent to prison, he managed to escape (Fox & Levin, 2015). After that, he was captured one more time but was later released for being a model prisoner. One of the examples of behavior that can be associated with psychological influences is Manson’s insanity. Regardless of his high level of IQ, he could easily lose his composure over trivial things and showcase his temper. In other words, Manson was rather an improviser than a planner (Forbes, 2016). Also, we can relate to the offender’s view of the world and reach a verdict regarding Manson’s perception – he is a visionary that is basically detached from real life. Manson’s prophetic delusions are the result of his behavior, and he cannot tell these signs of nuclear war fr
2008 was rather rough for the economy of the United States. In many ways, the problem which the state encountered in 2008 reminds of another crisis, which was much stronger and had much more dreadful consequences, yet developed on very similar premises as the one of 2008. The notorious Great depression that struck the United States in 1929 also concerned the issue of mortgage, increasing prices and the intense feeling of financial insecurity. As a matter of fact, there are a number of features which are characteristic of both crises in question. According to Salisbury, the results of the 2008 crisis were just as disastrous as the situation during the Great depression: “the economic circumstances in the United States now and during the 1929-1940 have several elements in common” (Salisbury 23). One of the common issues with both crises was the mortgage problem. Despite the fact that mortgage agencies are rising prices (Nanto 24), in 2008, people still continued to pay rent for their houses, which raises the question why people followed the attempts of the mortgage agencies to profit from the crisis. As a matter of fact, the answer to this question is rather simple. First of all, it is important to mention once again that dishonest brokers created the illusion of their companies being completely transparent, thus, making people believe that what they would get the services which they would pay for (Zandi 187). Thus, even as the price for the rent increased, people would still pay for the mortgage, being completely sure that they would not be left without their homes. However, as soon as the price rose even higher than ever and the people who lost their jobs due to the crisis could not pay for the rent anymore, the houses went into foreclosure, thus, making people lose their hearth and home. Logically, the people who have suffered because of the swindlers who offered the mortgage which could be sustained only in the case the house was flipped should have been more cautious. Indeed, the rapid increase of the price for the mortgage should have been taken with a grain of salt by the people who rented houses. However, apart from the psychological factor mentioned above, there were also the economical and the financial ones. During a crisis, it must have been extremely risky to switch from one mortgage to another in the search for a more trustworthy company. Honest mortgage companies and swindlers are quite hard to tell apart to begin with; in addition, when changing the mortgage company, one is most likely to come across even higher prices, which was quite undesirable for the people who were struck with the crisis. Hence most of the problems connected with mortgage and the rising prices for it stemmed. Despite the fact that there obviously were the ways to deal with the mortgage issues other than following the policies of the mortgage companies which decided to raise the money for the rent, the reasons for people to keep paying the rent money is still understandable. Mostly because of the instability of the economical situation in the country and the fea