ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The genesis of English poetry can be traced back to the 7 th century. From this period to the present day, English poets have managed to create one of the most lasting poems in the history of all Western countries. On top of this, the language that the poets have used in writing the poetry has spread around the world. In the olden days, all poetry was passed down from one generation to another in an oral manner. With time, these versions have disappeared making it impossible to date ancient English poetry. However, this has changed over time and today all poetry is well documented. Although most poets lived in the past, there has risen a new breed of poets whose contribution has influenced the literary world in a positive manner. One poet who has made a major contribution to the literary world in the 21 st century is Jacob Polley. Born in Carlisle in 1975, Jacob Polley is seen as one of the poets who have shaped the nature of English poetry in the 21 st century. In 2003, Polley published his first poetry book titled The Brink. Immediately after it was published, the book was nominated for the T.S.Eliot award for its classy poems and their articulation of the world affairs. In the same year it was published, the book also won Poetry Book Society Choice. The manner in which the poems were written could only be compared to the legend works of Auden. Polley followed the success of this book by publishing another book titled Little Gods in 2006. Like his first book, Little Gods also become an instant success. However, unlike his first book that centered on the modern life, Little Gods was based more on traditional lyric inspiration. In 2009, Jacob Polley published his debut novel titled Talk of the Town. Just as his other two poetry books, Talk of the Town proved to be equally famous. In all his poems, Jacob Polley uses the same style calculated, melodic and unfussy writing. In al his poems, the writer probes into the fundamental, the supernatural and unstable elements of life. Whether he is talking of a sad or a happy event, all his writing asserts a unique susceptibility at work. In proving his Northern upbringing, the poet presents a visible boundary in all his poems. These borderlines appear in the way in which he differentiates maritime and land, life and death, living and dying, home and journeying or even the way he depicts the urban and rural life. The author’s works follow the fascination with nature first witnessed in his predecessor Ted Hughes. An example of this is where Polley uses phrases like “old yellow eye/ lost in the fall, lost in the mind” to refer to a simple leaf. Another example is where he describes snow as “surviving in quiet places / like a rare species”. Despite this apparent fascination with nature, the writer’s focus remains with the human race. Nearly all of Polley’s poems examine the borderlands and haziness between people and the innate world. This one thing has made Jacob Polley to be one of the most influential poets of this century.
Introduction Slavery was a system that was adopted throughout America. The system was based on race whereby the whites were considered the superior race. The slaves were to serve their masters who were the whites. The slaves were owned and traded by their owners at will. The slaves, however, were strongly opposed to this system. The slaves managed to resist the system and adopted their own way of living despite the harsh conditions that they were being put through by their tormentors. This paper discusses the challenges that the slaves encountered as well as their resistance and the relativity of slavery to gender. How did the slaves resist their condition and create their own way of life The slaves felt the need to live a good and comfortable life. Despite their lack of freedom and the numerous restrictions that were forced upon them, the slaves resisted their condition and managed to create their own way of life. The slaves still managed to start families despite the harsh conditions. The slaves would marry, set up homes and eventually get children. This, however, was a big challenge and resulted in the children being regarded as the property of their owners. The family units even extended to the extended family. The marriages between the couples were done by their own people who presided over the ceremony in their cultural way (Foner 216). Religion was still a very significant aspect in their lives. The slaves did not leave behind their religious beliefs. They still believed in the existence of an almighty spirit who they prayed to. In most cases, baptisms were done in secret. This baptism was presided over by themselves. An appointed leader was to preside over the ceremony. The slaves would go to the river to be baptized. They also taught their children about faith at an early age making them believe in the almighty (Foner 220). Some slaves learnt how to read. This was very uncommon in the period as the slaves were not allowed or even put in an environment where they could learn to read or write. This was mainly through their individual efforts. They learnt to read slowly through the constant learning and recalling of words. The process took time, but their resilience enabled them to learn (Foner 214). Slaves resistance strategies against slavery Slavery was hard for most slaves. The constant mistreatment and denial of rights by the masters who were the whites became too much for the slaves. The slaves were put in situations where their lives were in danger as they were being threatened with death or physical harm. The most common method used by the slaves in an effort to resist slavery was to escape. The slaves opted for this option so as to liberate themselves from the harsh conditions they were under. They escaped to states where the laws against slavery were minimal. In situations where the laws were reformed advocating for increased slavery, they would move to the nearby countries such as Canada where there was no slavery (Jacobs 90). S
Edward Albee focuses on the lifestyle of two couples as he writes the play, who is Afraid of Virginia Wolf? Nick and Honey make up the younger couple while Martha and George are a bit older. The marriage between Martha and George is full of insults; blame game and disrespect, which is contrary to Nick and Honey’s marriage. The author uses the younger couple as a negative reflection of the older couple. Although Martha and George are old, they enter the house at about two in the morning drunk and shouting, Martha is so loud that George decides to silence her. Surprisingly, they do not go to bed and Martha continues to drink alcohol up to sunrise. Martha reminds George about the visiting couple, Nick and Honey; a fact that he does not like. Finally, Nick and Honey arrive and overhears as George and Martha throw insults at each other. Due to fear and embarrassment, Nick suggests that they go back home; if anything they should not have shown up in the first place; nevertheless, they gather the courage to enter the house. Nick is calm as George teases and makes fun of his career as a university professor and for the second time running, Nick raises the issue of going back as the home of the old couple is not habitable. Nick’s request to leave the old couple’s house implies that his (Nick) home is habitable and peaceful compared to that of Martha and George. Additionally, George lacks civilization as he despises his visitors (younger couple), he describes Honey’s figure as hipless and finds fault in Nick’s research on genes. However, Nick remains calm and does not despise his profession and such underscores how the young couples highlight the negative side of the older couple. Martha is 52 years old; however, Nick’s youthfulness turns her on. She goes ahead and changes into attractive dress to attract Nick and she incessantly flirts with him openly. Surprisingly, George does not comment on her behavior and overlooks her flirty escapades; this shows the old couple’s marriage is void of happiness, love, and respect. Additionally, Martha talks about her husband’s lack of success opening their marriage secrets to another couple. Similarly, George blames Martha for forcing her into marriage simply because her father has a reputable position at the university. Nick and Honey helplessly watch their hosts as they tear each other apart; actually the environment is so inhabitable that Honey throws up probably because she cannot stomach the insults exchanged by the
Introduction The creation of integrated systems of management became the subject of interest with the developments of systems corresponding to the requirements of international standards, official and which became official de facto. Among such systems are the ISO 9000 series standards, related to quality management systems, the 14000 series, and related to the environmental management, and Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) standards. The tendency for standardization and integration is reflected through the compliance to certain requirements, the benefits of which can be seen through the provision of greater conformity within an organization, its effectiveness, and the overall efforts of developing separate systems of management. In that regard, the present paper provides a proposal an overview of the possibility of integrating the Quality, Environmental, and Health & Safety management practices within the police department of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Main body The present situation
While there are genetic and congenital neurological conditions that emerge regardless of one’s lifestyle choices, some sudden neurological issues depend heavily on the person’s health promotion behaviors. Stroke is one of the most common examples of neurological conditions, which stands for brain attack caused by a sudden halt of blood supply to the brain due to a rupture or a thrombus (Falkner & Green, 2018). Some of the most widespread contributing factors to stroke include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high low-density lipoprotein count, poor diet, and lack of exercise. For this reason, the preventive strategies for stroke include the promotion of a diet, smoke cessation, cholesterol, and weight management, and physical activity. Stroke, for its part, may become a contributing factor to the development of certain perceptual conditions, as people require much time to restore their sensory function. One of such perceptual conditions is called agnosia, and it may refer to audial, visual, tactile, and body manifestations. Generally, agnosia is the loss of the ability to recognize different objects or perceive the environment through senses (“Agnosia,” n.d.). Other contributing factors to agnosia include brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease. The prevention of agnosia, in this case, is the prevention of the disease that contributes to this perceptual issue. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), being one of the contributing factors to perceptual issues, is a cognitive issue itself. AD is mostly characterized by such cognitive impairments as short-term and long-term memory losses (Falkner & Green, 2018). Contributing factors for AD include age and history of brain injury, and cardiovascular diseases. The prevention of AD also includes smoke cessation, physical activity, and a healthy diet. Hence, it may be concluded that in the prevention of perceptual, neurological, and cognitive issues, the nurse’s primary role is to promote a healthy diet, weight management, regular physical activity, cognition.
After asking around about some unusual places to go visit, I heard about a place called the Tujunga Wash and the Great Wall of L.A. It was described to me as this old painting ‘they’ put up to keep kids from painting graffiti on the concrete, but kind of cool if you had the time. It didn’t sound very interesting at first, so I continued searching for something different. After a while, though, I realized that no one else had mentioned this place, so I decided to take a look. At my earliest opportunity, I journeyed to the San Fernando Valley where the Great Wall is located. As I got close, I noticed that the neighborhoods I was passing seemed to have a high level of ethnic diversity as I saw symbols from a number of different cultures and skin tones of a variety of colors everywhere I looked. I guess this surprised me because I had been thinking of the Great Wall of China, which was built to prevent ethnic mixing. Then I arrived at the wash that divides the neighborhoods and was surprised by what I found. The wash is a manmade watershed control channel. For half a mile along the concrete of this semi-underground channel, there is a series of paintings side by side. All of these paintings seem to tell the story of a different part of history and focus on a minority group. Small little parks are located all along the entire length of the mural, giving people biking and walking trails for better exercise. These parks are great because they give people a reason to stop and look at the mural and perhaps understand a little bit more about what they’re trying to say. Since a lot of the images are complex, driving by and taking a quick glimpse is not sufficient for full appreciation. The first time I went there, the mural was nearly deserted, even though it was a sunny day. There was a mother and a small child walking along with one of the pathways and a guy riding a bike passed by me once. Both of them didn’t seem to pay any attention to the paintings on the wall. I thought this was a shame because I was able to learn a lot about California’s history just sitting there looking at one small section. The panel I looked at the first time seemed to be telling me about Japanese people in California during wartime. I could see a dead tree, a broken-down automobile, a row of drab military-type poor housing with a watchtower leaning over it and a small group of people who are Japanese. It is obvious to me that the whole picture is intended to be taking place in the California desert, so this is something that once happened in this state. As I studied this picture, I gained a sense of what had happened. Instead of the growing life that trees usually represent, this picture had a dead tree, which meant that the Japanese were not able to grow their families and all their treasures had been taken away. I could see them piled up in the corner, far away from the people who had nothing. Nothing is growing, which means this was a bad time for all of America, but especially for these Japanese people. The wrecked car showed that everything had been broken, all the machines had stopped and America was broken. The bad housing made me think of military shelters an
Introduction Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) community is prone to several natural disasters. However, in this region, no disaster stands out as a Tornado disaster. Since IUB is located in Indiana, it runs the risk of being hit by a tornado. History shows that, Indiana has witnessed some of the worst tornados in America (the occurrence of some of these disasters date back to 1814) (US Government 3). However, there is no proper documentation to show the severity of such tornadoes during the ancient days. Nonetheless, the worst tornado to be documented happened in April, 1965 (US Government 3). During this time, there were more than ten tornadoes reported within 24 hours (and several lesser storms within the same period). The number of fatalities from this tornado was reported to be 137 people. The financial loss was estimated at over $70 million in private property and close to $14 million in public property (US Government 3). These tornadoes were extensive because they also struck three other states (Chicago, Ohio and Michigan). Indiana was also hit by another tornado in 1925 where more than 70 casualties were reported in Southwest Indiana. Posey County accounted for most deaths because more than 50 people died in the area. The entire town was almost flattened by the tornado. Griffin town lost 150 homes, leaving many residents homeless (US Government 4). Close to $2 million in financial losses were reported. In 1974, Indiana was a victim to another set of storms (149 tornadoes) which hit more than 39 counties. Of the 149 tornadoes, 29 of them hit Indiana, destroying property and claiming lives in the 39 counties. There were more than 1,000 people admitted to state hospitals (with storm-related casualties) while more than 40 people died in the storms (US Government 4). The total financial loss was estimated to be $100 million. This tornado was also reported to be the worst in the US (US Government 4). Similar tornados hit Indiana in 1990 (again). There were a total of 37 tornados that ripped through 31 countries claiming at least eight lives. In 2002, Indiana was hit by severe storms that ravaged through 32 counties. The total financial loss from this disaster was estimated to be (close) to ten million dollars. Based on these statistics, this paper observes that the IUB community runs the risk of suffering a tornado because the US Government (4) indicates that, tornados can hit any part of Indiana (at any degree). Vulnerability IUB is highly vulnerable to tornado disasters because of its high concentration of people. Tornado disasters tend to have a strong human toll in areas that are highly populated and therefore, IUB poses such a danger because it is highly concentrated with students, staff, visitors and other human populations (US Government 4). If a tornado strikes the community, the human death toll is likely to be high. Low death tolls may be reported in areas with scattered human populations. The IUB community is also vulnerable to tornadoes becau
Introduction: The Ways to View Love In the entire poetic world of elevated tone and spirituality, there is hardly a single topic which has been beaten as much as the idea of love has. Indeed, being the issue that rules the lives of the adult people, love and its secrets is a frequent visitor of the world’s most famous poems and the favorite topic for a number of poets. It seems that whenever the Muse does not have any better idea to offer, love is what she comes up with. However, even though the issue has been discussed over and over again for centuries, there are some fresh and actually unique ways to express it. Although searching for these ways used to be much easier in the times of the Enlightenment, when the topic has not been beaten to death yet, one still must give credit to the poets who managed to express the given idea in a unique and original way. Although the idea of love which John Donne and William Blake convey in their poems seem absolutely different and are composed of different elements, there are a number of issues which both ideas, as well as the means of their expression, have in common. Watching the Sunrise: John Donne and His Interpretation of Love John Donne’s famous The Sun Rising is one of those poems that manage to convey the key idea merely with the help of several lines. Despite its relative shortness, the poem actually offers a plethora of unique ideas. Back to the Realm of Nature What strikes immensely about the given poem is the delicate balance between the people and the nature in it. In fact, Donne actually takes the reader back to the times when nature was considered something more than beautiful scenery and represented a mysterious force, a weird deity that people could actually speak and relate to. To be more particular, the poet animates the sun, breathing a soul and even some human characteristics into it: “Busy old fool, unruly Sun” (Donne). Thus, it becomes obvious that Donne’s idea of love is intertwined with nature; the poet makes it obvious that love is rather a feeling which is caused by the forces by far more powerful than a human will. Portrayed, therefore, as a peculiar “call of the wild”, love in Donne’s vision is closely related to nature. A Trail of Metaphors Passing by It is also quite peculiar that Donne’s poem is packed with metaphors which help the poet express his idea of love in a much more explicit and at the same time subtle way. For instance, with the help of the phrase “the rags of time”, which is also an obvious metaphor, Donne makes it clear that true love never dies. Another peculiar metaphor which the poet uses in his creation, “Th’ Indias of spice” (Donne) can be considered a metaphor for the riches of the world, which the author is willing to give for the sake of a single moment with the beloved one. Needless to mention, the Sun itself is a big metaphor which the entire poem
Media and the rising ease of information access have facilitated major legal and societal concerns in the past. Digital convergence and globalization in the present societies raise intricate legal, societal and ethical issues, regarding information access, privacy rights, intellectual property rights and freedom of expression (Gupta, 2005, p. 123). Because information and Communication Technology is an instrumental tool for gathering information, it should be availed as a basic human right. However, this right is abused all over the world for various reasons such as political stability, anti terrorism campaigns, economic advancements, personal greed and for religious causes. Governments have had concerns over the liberty and use of technologies, in regard to national securities. In addition to this, it is becoming more difficult for governments to control accessibility to the global information systems. Because if this, the fundamental concern over ICT is creating a balance between information access and marinating national security (Schultz, 2006, p. 118). The ethical issue is how a government can decide on controlling access, to what extent, and what kind of information they should control. The media has made it possible for people to access information as well as communicate globally. An example of this is the happening in Egypt, in January 2011, when people use internet media and social sites to organize protests against the then Egyptian president. Because of these concerns, it has been important for governments to come up with strategies of combating incidences of malicious attacks, computer crimes, fraud, and violations of rights. Governments need to inform citizens of the security risks involved in internet and media information access. While it is important for governments to control information flow for national security, it is also important for them to make their citizens aware of the need for the control. Creating a balance between access and security should not be a difficult decision for governments to make because the ICT sector has recognised global ethical issues that affect the industry, and as such, devised ethical guidelines on how to handle such. In addition to these, there are legislations that guide information handling, access and use. If a country recognises the citizen’s right to obtain information, as well as the importance of obtaining these information, it would not selfishly deny them the right. However, in cases such as the Egypt saga, they are globally recognised as selfish attempts by government leaders to deny citizens their right to access informat