ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction At the turn of the twenty-first century, a new branch of psychology emerged, which was named positive psychology. This new field of psychology aims at studying people’s happiness and the ways of achieving it (Parks & Titova, 2016). Positive psychology focuses on people’s positive experiences, character strengths, and positive institutions, such as workplaces and families (Harzer, 2016). These constituents, as well as their interrelation, influence individuals’ well-being (Harzer, 2016). One way of increasing one’s happiness is to recognize and utilize one’s character strengths (Parks & Titova, 2016). This paper aims at identifying the key character strengths and their influence on people’s well-being. The knowledge of personal qualities that contribute to one’s feeling of happiness helps one to develop those traits and enhance one’s life satisfaction. Character Strengths One of the key concepts used in positive psychology is character strengths. They are positive personal qualities that are stable but liable to changes through training (Gander, Hofmann, Proyer, & Ruch, 2019). Researchers distinguish 24 character strengths that are considered valuable in many cultures and contribute to greater life satisfaction (Freidlin, Littman-Ovadia, & Niemiec, 2017). Some of them are curiosity, bravery, honesty, forgiveness, self-regulation, gratitude, and spirituality (Wagner, Gander, Proyer, & Ruch, 2019). A person demonstrates these character strengths through feelings, thoughts, and behaviors (Harzer, 2016). For example, if a student is listening to the lecturer, he may be interested in the subject, thus showing curiosity through feeling. If he thinks about asking the lecturer for more details on the topic, he demonstrates this strength through thought. When he approaches the teacher after the class to ask for more information, his curiosity manifests through behavior. Character strengths are basic qualities that contribute to the development of more complex behaviors. They provide the basis for talents, interests, skills, values, and resources (Niemiec, 2017). For example, to develop a talent, which is something that a person is inherently good at, one should exercise self-regulation, perseverance, and zest (Niemiec, 2017). While talents and skills may worsen, resources, such as friends or family, maybe lost over time, character strengths always remain in a person’s nature (Niemiec, 2017). For this reason, it would be beneficial for anyone to invest time and effort in developing positive personality traits. There are several subgroups of character strengths, depending on the degree to which they are present within a person. Signature strengths are qualities that are the most characteristic of an individual and are used the most n
What do you know about the nature and causes of child abuse? How might you design an intervention to prevent child abuse? Child abuse is both a social and psychological issue that is prevalent in almost all parts of the world. It is a serious problem not only due to its high prevalence as illustrated in the surveys that have been conducted but also due to complicated consequences of the same. It has been defined differently by different groups of people, but all definitions mean almost the same thing. Legally, child abuse is defined as “the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligence or maltreatment of the child under the age of eighteen, by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare under the circumstances which indicate that the child’s health and welfare are threatened thereby (Pandey, 2007 pp. 4)”. On the same note, it is important to mention that child abuse may incorporate sexual, physical, emotional, and psychological abuse. Child neglect is also classified as child abuse because it increases the vulnerability of a child and exposes them to more harm. There are many causes of child abuse in the view of the fact that the issue is multifaceted. It is against cultural norms, and therefore, m
The Main Motivations of Patrick Henry Sovereignty and the need for America to be independent and decide the course of her destiny are easily the main motivating factors towards the authorship of this document. One can see these from the scathing attacks Henry makes on the foreign-manned and foreign-run government of his day. He makes “liberty” a refrain in the speech, and such repetition draws the listener or reader of such a work that employs this style to the repeated phrase. Liberty implies self-rule, the ability to make one’s own decisions by oneself and standing tall like other people. On the opposite end is servitude, being a subject of a master other than oneself, and answering to the voice of that master, however irrational it may be. It is grave when the master is ruling one against one’s wish and in one’s house. It is this rule of a stranger in America that Henry is resisting. The treachery of Britain forms the bulwark of factors that drive Henry to author this speech. In a few instances, he keeps referring to the dishonorable character of the English given their not keeping promises. The allusion to Judas kissing Jesus when selling him out to the Roman authority is the best illustration of this thought. According to Henry, the British lay this trap on the Americans through which they would establish a regime that is oppressive to the natives of America (Henry 1775). Henry sees this shrewd behavior when the British arm themselves in preparedness for war when peace talks are on. The Targeted Audience The audience targeted by this speech as members of the House, including the President. These people have organized themselves into a body that makes decisions and formulates policies that will run the whole body smoothly. The aspect of members of this governing body presents itself in two forms: the direct cognition of “the House” as seen in the first statement of Henry (Para 1), and secondly through references to the people who comprise the House, in this case, “the gentlemen”. This happens especially when Henry appeals to them in a hopeful venture to sway their decisions to his line of thought. The President too is a member of the audience. One cannot fail to notice his prime importance as the chief of the House and the most important fellow around, because he has the title “sir”. From a literary perspective, the people who share the same ideals with Patrick Henry, but who may not necessarily be members of the House are also part of the audience. These, the patriots, feel that Henry’s words are reprints of what they want to say or hear, and they contrast sharply with members of the assembly who may not be in favor of Henry’s words but who are imperatively in the collective decision of the House. The Main Argument in the Speech Should America go to war against Britain, or should dialogue prevail? Britain has colonized America-or parts of it- and she even has an agency, the British ministry there. This connotes a mutual relationship
Introduction In today’s competitive world, when globalization has taken the front seat in almost all parts of the world, the companies have to face enormous amount of competition. It helps organizations to avoid investing considerable amount of money in combating the competition. For avoiding unnecessary blockage of money into things, which do not lay any output for the firms, the companies these days resort to corporate restructuring processes. Corporate restructuring involve mergers and acquisitions. On the bigger picture, the mergers and acquisition leave lasting effects on the performance and fate of the company. A merger is the coming together of two companies to form one larger company. Such actions in the business world are normally voluntary and they will involve cash payment to the company that is targeted or even stock swap. There may be a stock swap, which is mostly used by many companies since it always has the provision of allowing the shareholders from both companies to share all the involved risks in the business deal. The merger often has effect on the earnings of the company as well as on their market goodwill. Hence, the price of the share is also affected. Whenever any company goes through phases of restructuring, the expected output could be either negative or positive. In a way, a merger may be similar to acquisition but in merging companies, the resulting company will always have a new name, which may be a combination of the companies’ names. Branding of the resulting company will purely depend on the marketing and political reasons. Thus as time continues to pass and competition tightens between companies competing for the same markets, the drive to merge will continue taking precedence. It should be remembered that the management of the companies plays a key role in the discussion of choosing a merger as a right strategy. It has been noted that a key element in mergers is to increase the competitiveness of the new organization and bring about better fortunes. Major force driving this acquisition of merger between Merck’s and Medco Mergers increase shareholder value and attract accrual of gains to the target company. Among the benefits, include the benefits of economies of scale, attempts by companies to form oligopolies and monopolies thereby creating market power, and need for diversification. In essence, formation of mergers is attributed to waves in an industry, prompting different companies to react by uniting and clustering to enhance their survival. The failure of the efficient market hypothesis gives rise to acquisitional takeovers, in which companies strive to increase their market power by accumulating material, financial, and human resources. Mergers are largely associated with increased shareholder value and company profitability, usually through expansions, diversifications, and cost savings (Gugler, Mueller, Yurtoglu and Zulehner, 2003). By using share values for the merged companies before
Criticism The Theory of Thin Slices According to Gladwell, thin slicing is a concept that refers to the ability of humans to find patterns in events through the application insights gained from short or small experiences. In the book, Gladwell contends that thin-slicing is one of the most dazzling capabilities of the conscious, and at the same time, the major weakness of rapid cognition (Gladwell, 2012). The conversation between Bill and Susan provides subtle insights that enable Gottman to analyze their marriage with great accuracy (Gladwell, 2012). In the book, Gladwell presents thin-slicing as a highly beneficial aspect of the unconscious that allows people to make accurate judgments of others by observing them for short periods. One of the weaknesses of this concept is the propensity to apply bias in one’s judgment. There are many factors that determine how people behave in different circumstances. People have a tendency to seek out information that validates their beliefs and perspectives. Therefore, thin-slicing, though it provides accurate judgment in most cases, can mislead people into making wrong decisions. Cognitive biases affect the effectiveness of thin-slicing because it stretches and distorts judgment. It is highly unlikely that the state of Bill and Susan’s marriage can be evaluated accurately from a short discussion involving their dog. The Warren Harding Error The Warren Harding error is Gladwell’s contention that thin-slicing, though useful in making snap decisions, can lead to erroneous thinking. Gladwell uses the story of Warren Harding and Harry Daugherty to demonstrate how rapid cognition can be problematic (Gladwell, 2012). He begins the chapter with an example of a mistaken judgment that invalidates his previous argument regarding the effectiveness of thin-slicing. He should have begun by giving a brilliant insight, and then using the Warden story to support his argument. Harding was successful politically because of people’s snap judgments regarding his capabilities (Gladwell, 2012). They equated physical looks to courage and intelligence. His physical looks influenced people’s thinking. Bob Golomb is a successful salesman because of his prowess in thin-slicing (Gladwell, 2012). He determines what customers want by evaluating their emotions and attitudes. Gladwell’s arguments are narrow b
Hurricanes are considered to be one of the most devastating and dangerous cataclysms known to mankind. Fortunately, today, there exist ways to predict hurricanes and their routes so that the regions that are likely to be under risk can prepare beforehand and take all the necessary measures to ensure the safety and security of the population. The major threats during a hurricane include:   * Flooding;   * Windborne debris;   * Strong winds;   * Storm surge. Preparing for an upcoming hurricane, one has two major objectives:   * Protect oneself and close ones;   * Protect the properties (FEMA, n.d.). For the safety of people, several solutions are depending on the severity of the hurricane: evacuation is the first option if the risk is very high, shelters and staying at home are the solutions in cases when the danger is not as serious. To protect properties, individuals are to remove everything that can result in windborne debris – secure trees, put away objects that can be carried away by strong winds. If there is a danger of flooding, the properties as well as people need to be elevated, moved to the upper floors of the buildings, and waterproofed. Finally, one should purchase respective types of insurance for natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes to obtain reimbursement for the damage. The individuals living in regions exposed to hurricanes must know the range of danger specific to their particular areas, as well as the most typical risks and threats during floods and hurricanes. To stay on track with the latest weather information, it is important to follow the forecasting and pay attention to warnings and notifications. Apart from staying aware of the threats and knowing what should be done in theory in case if a disaster strikes, one is to train and practice his/her actions for emergencies (NHC, n.d.). For example, it is useful to practice packing necessary supplies, and knowing the way to the shelter built specifically for disasters, or train oneself and family members how to act at home during a hurricane (occupying a small room without windows that would not be flooded). Moreover, communication with close ones is critical in emergencies. In cases where the telephone connection and electricity are not working, it is important to have a plan of action: where to meet with the family members and friends and have the numbers of close people written down. Also, it is crucial to master some basic first aid skills to be able to help people when they are hurt. There are specialized courses and classes training people on how to respond to emergencies. Moreover, th
Introduction Market research entangles one of the essential activities that organisations conduct to garner information pertaining to their brand loyalties. In this research, marketing research is considered as “a systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services” (Kotler & Armstrong 2007, p.56). The principal aim of executing these tasks is to ensure that a firm is able to note and evaluate them coupled with appraising the manner in which the various elements affiliated to market mix affect the conduct of the users. In the context of Deakin University, consumers are the service users who are largely the students. However, the contexts to which the terms marketing research and market research are deployed in this paper are distinctive. Although more commonly used interchangeably, market research is related to markets. On the other hand, marketing research is related to marketing processes. According to Bradley (2007), marketing research is “the function that links the consumers, customers, and public to the marketer through information” (p.13). Bradley (2007) further informs that these “ information is used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process” (p.13). Consequently, marketing research is dedicated to delimitating a myriad of information that is vital for dealing with these enumerated issues, contriving various methods of garnering information, handling, and effecting of the data garnering processes coupled with conducting a thorough analysis of the results without negating communication of finding and implication of these findings. Central to these concerns of marketing research, an immense need for determining the effectiveness of various marketing campaigns exists. In this end, the main objective of this paper is to provide a research proposal related to the effectiveness of the latest advertising campaign undertaken by Deakin University with regard to the new Deakin’s ‘worldly’ brand. The research is engineered to unveil the manner in which such a campaign is shifting the altitude of potential and the already existing students of Deakin University. Purpose of the research On 10 June 2012, Deakin University launched the inclusion of the word ‘worldly’ in its brand. This initiative is directly articulated to the university’s strategic plan of ‘live the future’. According to this plan, the university aims at remaining focused on two main guiding principles. With regard to Deakin University Australia Worldly (2012) in the web page titled Building on Our Success, these are “to develop lasting and mutually beneficial relationships with rural and regional communities, in particular those in Geelong and Western Victoria and to offer an educational experience which will widen p
How does “entrapment” figure into Le’s novel? What are some examples of this experience? Entrapment has been featured in Le’s novel, “ The Gangster We Are All Looking For”. According to the novel’s plot, the narrator’s family is among many Vietnamese immigrants who settle in a new country and are expected to adapt to the new environments with minimal resources. The Vietnamese family, which settles in San Diego, has to survive in a new political and social environment, which hinders their attempt to increase resources and experiences. The entire setting represents the lives of individuals confined within the limits of new environments. They are expected to improve their lives with limited resources. In addition, there is the challenge of breaking away from haunting memories. In addition, Ba, the narrator’s father, is psychologically held to the Vietnamese war, especially after having fought on the losing side. He is unable to break away from his past and appears disturbed by memories of Vietnam. The narrator cannot break from her fantasies because she tries to understand every member of her family without success. While the family migrates to America in search of greener pastures, it finds itself in similar circumstances of poor wages, poor living conditions and family conflicts. Describe the brother’s presence in the novel. What happened to him? How does his death affect the family? How does the sister relate to him? Why do you think the parents do not talk about him? The brother is among the family members rarely featured in the family discussions and activities. Unlike the narrator, who is the only remaining child, and who accompanies her parents to San Diego, her brother is kept out of the picture in most occasions. However, his memories are active in his sister’s mind, since the narrator, talks about how they used to play when Jehovah Witnesses failed to pass by their home, and these memories are hard to lose. In addition, the brother to the narrator appears to have been courageous and a risk taker. He drowned while the family was still in Vietnam, after falling from a boat while jumping from one boat to another. His death seems to have devastated the family because, in some essence, the migration caused his death. The family finds it hard to feature him in any family conversation as his reference generates sad feelings. The brother was the only person, who mingled freely with the narrator. This is because their parents were engulfed in personal problems and could not accommodate her feelings. The parents want to cut ties with the past, and hence do not talk about their lost son. In addition, they fear that by talking about him, they might start shifting blames on who was responsible for his death. What are the different forms of migration, or “movement” in the novel? How does it relate to nation and belonging? Home? How does the author’s use of short stories and a non-linear timeline reflect experience of migration and movement
Understanding the operations of an organization calls for an analysis of its internal and external environments. Internal environment refers to the internal forces shaping the strategy and the operations of the company while external environment refers to forces outside the control of the organization that affect its strategy development and implementation processes (Porter, 1980). This project concerns itself with the quality service profile of Crescent Petroleum. This is a multinational oil company based in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE). The objective of this phase of the project is to examine the internal and external operating environment of Crescent Petroleum. The examination will address the organization’s Quality Service profile by the analysis of its mission, strategic objectives, its environment and competitive landscape, and its current structure and formal design. Crescent Petroleum started operations forty years ago as an oil and gas exploration and marketing company. The company’s headquarters is in Sharjah in the UAE (Crescent Petroleum, 2012). However, it has international offices in the UK, Iran, and Iraq, with liaison offices in Canada and Egypt (Crescent Petroleum, 2012). In addition to its oil interests, Crescent Petroleum is also the largest shareholder of Dana Gas Company. Dana Gas is the largest traded gas company in the UAE. Current Mission The website of Crescent Petroleum does not provide a specific mission statement. Rather it describes the issues the company prioritizes in its business interests. As such, it is possible to derive the organizations current mission based on its current business focus. In its website, Crescent Petroleum (2012) states that its “current focus is upon energy opportunities in the Middle East, specifically within the Gulf region, but more widely also encompassing North Africa, the Caspian Sea region and South Asia.” From this statement, Crescent Petroleum seems set to develop its energy interests in the wider oil belt of the Arab countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia (MENASA). The mission of the company is to develop the oil and gas resources in these regions. It has a strong foothold in these countries because of the extensive concessions it holds for oil exploration and development (Crescent Petroleum, 2012). Strategic Objectives The company’s website lists four “business objectives” which forms the basis for the discussion of its strategic objectives (Crescent Petroleum, 2012). The first strategic objective of the comp