ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mankind has been faced with varying levels of disaster, and many responsive tactics have been developed, especially in the United States. Virtually all emergency incidences require skilled responses if they are to be put under control. This essay seeks to offer a summary of disciplines that are established under FEMA to ensure preparedness in emergency management. A comprehensive academic curriculum has been developed in most of the key areas like medical services, terrorism, fire control, and performing and information management services. FEMA also provides other educational and training resources for general use in most institutions (200). Development of the plan and training of personnel according to the plan would not be complete without exercising the entire plan. This is with the intention of testing the systems, facilities, and evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency in the implementation of the plan. Exercises can be defined as controlled, situational, and well-designed experiences that can be used to demonstrate and evaluate a given organization’s capability to meet the challenges outlined in its contingency plan (200). There are four main types of exercises; full scale, partial scale, functional, and tabletop. Full-scale exercises are the most comprehensive since the entire organization’s plan is evaluated as compared to the partial scale exercises where the objectives of the evaluation are limited. Functional exercises seek to evaluate procedures within similar categories. Tabletop exercises, on the other hand, usually involve key management of an organization and the evaluation is strictly controlled by a facilitator since specific areas are evaluated (201). Furthermore, there are several c
The United States has had a lot of influence on countries all over the world. China shares a very interesting diplomatic history with the United States, and thus the study of the influence that the U.S. has had on China has been a subject of interest for many scholars. The relationship between the U.S. and China was, perhaps at its worst during the 1960’s and the 1970’s during the Vietnam War. Due to the collateral effects of the war, and the interactions of the two countries that were necessitated by the war, the two countries had a chance to learn from each other, with China being the greatest beneficiary of the two. This paper is an exploration of the influence that the United States had on the social, economic and political set-up of the People’s Republic of China. There was a lot of influence on the social set-up of the People’s Republic of China from the United States in the two decades from 1960 to 1980. The Chinese community, after interacting with a number of countries, and after learning the social set-up of the United States, embarked on a revolution of its social and cultural set-up. A famous phrase that was popular then is the “Destruction of the Four Olds” (Lum 41), that meant that the republic was trying to abandon old customs, old ideas, old customs and old cultures in a bid to be a civilized society. This policy of cultural and social revolution was an idea spearheaded by the then President, Mao Zedong. It was a policy that earned him substantial popularity, and arguably paralyzed people within the republic who were fighting political battles with him. The revolution also touched on religious issues. During the revolution, religiousness was viewed as a feudalistic aspect. By the end of the revolution, the Republic had also tried to r
Introduction Within the latest decades, the debates concerning the place of animals in human society and people’s moral right to use nonhumans for their benefit have intensified. Domesticating some species of animals and mastering some natural forces, people position themselves as the lords of creation and use the natural resources for satisfying their needs. With the present-day level of development of philosophical doctrines, the moral right of people to use animals’ meat in food and keep them in captivity for their enjoyment is questioned. The historical process of domestication of animals is rooted in ancient times, and the human-animal relations have prolonged prehistory. Still, the humans’ attitude to animals has always been exploitative and utilitarian. Though some animals are kept in households not for their meat, fur, or practical value but for aesthetic purposes and companionship to people, defined as pets or companion animals, they are also exploited as the instruments of enjoyment and bringing pleasure. The research question of this paper is whether people have the moral right to treat their companion animals as their property and whether keeping pets in captivity can be justified. In answering this question I will provide a discussion on the historical background of the division between animals used for food and that of companion animals, On the one hand, the majority of pet owners try to create comfortable conditions for their companion animals, regarding them as members of the family. On the other hand, according to the assertions of the representatives of the contemporary animal liberation movement, even providing all the necessary essentials, people cannot prevent animals’ suffering from being kept in captivity and cannot observe all their natural rights. Considering the fact that animals cannot share their feelings, people often forget about their ability to feel suffering and their natural needs and interests. The utilitarian approach to evaluation of the people’s pleasure from keeping the companion animals as compared to animals’ suffering is helpful for analyzing various aspects of people-animals relations and the moral issue of dominating one sentient being over another. Historical background of the division between animals for food and those of companion animals The historical division between animals that are used for food and those who are defined as pets or companion animals was predetermined with the shifts from gathering and hunting to agriculture and farming and following development of the human society. (Zeder, 2006, p. 22). The first tamed
Introduction Turtles are among the oldest creatures currently living on Earth. This is primarily due to the fact that their evolutionary journey provided them with features necessary for long-term survival. Main body Looking at turtles, it is impossible to miss their resemblance to lizards and other reptiles. This is mainly because reptiles were the primary predecessors of turtles. Bowen explains that the closest ancestor of sea turtles was a small reptile called Eunotosaurus Africanus. One of the most essential features of this reptile was its ribcage. In contrast with other animals, it was curved backward, and the bones in it were extremely thick. Researchers suggested that this structure helped Eunotosaurus to protect itself from predators, thus surviving and evolving over time into modern-day turtles. However, recent developments in the field of evolutionary biology led some scientists to believe that the purpose of the ‘shell’ was different at first. According to Yong, the ribcage structure of intermediate fossils suggested that it was not used for defense against predators. On the contrary, wide and thick ribs allowed the ancestor of turtles to dig the soil more quickly and effectively (Yong). During evolution, first, the lower ribs and then the upper ribs fused together and merged with the spine (Yong). Some generations further, they started growing over the shoulder blades, creating a fully formed shell. The structure was used by Eunotosaurus as leverage during digging, as it prevented their bodies from shifting too much. Conclusion Over time, the shell’s added purpose became protection, thus causing it to grow stronger, bigger, and thicker. This gave rise to turtles that survived to the modern days. The evolution of turtles shows how exciting and intriguing evolutionary biology can be. Just one discovery can provide scientists with a new idea, changing their views about specific evolutionary processes and structures. Works Cited Bowen, Dan. “ The Evolution of Turtles: Where Did Sea Turtles Come From? ” Two Oceans Aquarium . 2017. Web. Yong, Ed. “ Why Turtles Evolved Shells: It Wasn’t for Protection. ” The Atlantic . 2016. Web.
Work Processes at the Company The company receives large volumes of varieties of grains shipped from different countries, including Brazil, Argentina, India, and France. Some of the imported grains shipped for the company include corn; soybeans; soy husks; rice husks; palm kernel; sunflower seed husks; sugar cane molasses; husks of wheat; thin corn; and germinated wheat. It must handle these grains for subsequent transportation to other destinations. Given these assortments of grains, tasks at the port remain highly challenging. For instance, the company handles bulk grains for feed (WAFI) from foreign countries and stores them at the port. The subsequent process involved the exportation of the grains to various factories in Dammam, or the grains are hauled by transported to another factory situated in Al-Kharj. The company has two warehouses with various capacities. The Old Flat warehouse has a storage capacity of 60,000 tons, while the New Flat warehouse capacity is 100,000 tons. The company operates two ship loaders at the port, which are used to drag the grain from the ship. The loaders can handle only 600 tons every hour. Grains can be directly loaded into trucks or transmitted by Belt Conveyor to Transfer Tower. The Belt Conveyor can carry a maximum of 1000 tons. The next process involves the transfer of grain to the Transfer Tower using the Plastic Bucket Elevator located inside the Tower at the bottom. The elevator transports bulk grains to the upper part of the Transfer Tower. The Tower has a Slide Gate that puts the grain in the Belt Conveyor and identifies the path of the grain that goes to the Old Flat storage or the New Flat storage. After the grain transfer at the Tower, the next process entails the conveyance of the grain to the Head house, which identifies the grain that goes to the silo or Flat storage. Grains are also sent to the Old Flat storage. At this point, grains may be transported to industries by trucks and the trucks filling by Sheol or by truck loading. The final process of handling grains at the company involves truck loading. From the Headhouse, the exact grain path is identified, and then Chain Conveyor transmits the grain to the roof of Flat storage. Many gates are available on the roof that can be managed through the Control Room in which the grain transmitted by the Chain Conveyor on the roof of Flat storage is deposited. Grains are conveyed above the gate of the control room for storage purposes. Belt Conveyor The Belt Conveyor
Bioremediation of Pesticides in Soil – Past, Present and the Future Bioremediation of pesticides is expensive in terrestrial sites, where large volumes of soil are commonly excavated and transported to a remote site, only to be dumped again complete with pesticides. Bioremediation in situ has many potential advantages but is difficult to manage, and few products are available. These could theoretically be metabolized by a range of microorganisms that may be genetically modified to degrade multiple pesticides that they currently cannot. But what else do the microorganisms need in the soil to maximize the degradation of the pesticides? What does the future hold? How can biotechnology help to remove residual pesticides from soil and protect food? The history of discovery of microbial pesticide degradation The history of microbial pesticide degradation can be traced back to the discovery and use of DDT because DDT became the first synthetic pesticide to be used to control pests. DDT was discovered in 1874 by Zeidler, but its potential to control pests was discovered in 1939.1 The chemical was rapidly applied for widespread use in agricultural applications, as well as, in public health programs to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria. DDT had been found to present devastating impacts on the environment; hence, there were efforts to ban its use in the U.S. and other developing countries. The ecological problems associated with DDT depend on its molecular structure and its microbial degradation that is well understood. DDT and other hydrocarbons are not easily degraded into other substances hence; they remain in the environment after being applied to crops as pesticides.2 Table 1: Persistence of pesticides in the environment. Low Persistence      Moderate Persistence     High Persistence      (half-life 30 days)  (half-life 30-100 days)  (half-life >100 days) Aldicarb             Aldrin                   TCA                   Captan               Atrazine                 Bromacil              Dalapon              Carbaryl                 Chlordane             Dicamba              Carbofuran               Lindane               Malathion            Diazinon                 Picloram              Methyl Parathion     Endrin                   Trifluralin           Oxamyl               Fonofos                  Paraquat              2,4-D                Glyphosate
Summary of the HR concerns and challenges of the division The Creative Division of Midwest Education, Inc. has several problems with human resources. According to the head of the HR department of the division, there is an urgent need to find employees who would be simultaneously highly professional software developers and creative individuals; there is also the requirement for the new employees to have significant experience in the sphere. It is paramount for the department to hire the right people because the cost of this workforce is exceptionally high (Murray and Fischer 101). There is also the wish to try employing people based on the contract. This might allow the company to see how well an employee can work in the new environment before accepting them permanently (Murray and Fischer 101). A recruiting plan for the division and the most important activities To address the situation that has arisen, it is of significant importance for the division to create a recruiting list. This list should include the estimate of the needed number of new workers, as well as the position for which they are needed. The list will be the first step in the recruiting process. Because the company is growing rapidly, it should regularly be updated to address the needs that emerge continuously. Upon creating the list, several different sources from which potential employees could be taken
The essay “Sex, Lies, and Conversation” analyses one of the important problems affected modern families and spouses: communication and interaction inside the family. Tannen proposes a traditional approach to analysis given examples of communication and illustrations of typical situations, and then analysis of these situations. The article combines instruction in writing and presentation making, emphasizing the rhetorical principles common to different types of analyses. These elements of the argument instruction include adapting a message for an audience; organizing so that the most important points stand out; using illustrations, and spatial agreement to supplement words; following traditional formats and structures of argumentation and analysis. Tannen uses the traditional elements of the analytical writing that involve problem statement, illustration of the case and solutions to the problem. The judgments reflect the main theoretical facts of the eventual success or failure of the research studies. As this process shows, the author constructs accounts of experience and it is these accounts the readers are interested in. The author does not pretend to give “straight facts” on what happened to families and spouses or what they did. Indeed, Tannen do not believe it is ever possible to give “facts” that are separate from interpretation. Tannen only claim to recount the typical stories and add her own interpretation to theirs. For Tannen, effective rhetoric involves the refutation that one is using rhetoric. This refutation raises questions about how families explain their own communication. The concept of interpersonal communication implies that shared use of speech is reciprocally related to membership in groups. One has to use language as others do in order to be accepted as a group member, and one has to think like a group member in order to use speech as the group does. Persuasiveness, though, is built into the very goal of communication between spouses. The design of any communication act incorporates social considerations and mutual trust between people. Tannen uses very effective arguments for something beyond its normal purpose believed to produce better text, although those providing the evaluation are not always able to say why the text is better. This evaluation suggests that persuasiveness, as embodied in analysis of actions, is valued even in a type that is most often used to report past actions and schedule future ones I agree with her assertions as they help to inform and persuade readers. The different views of facts–as directly describing a modern reality or as proof produced and used persuasively–are reinforced by the different sources of learning that are most important to the readers: existing texts and experienced colleagues. The established criteria are usually arguable in an obvious way. On the other hand, criteria for arguments and factual materials, such as reliability or effectiveness, are more important at the level of the reader who evaluates and assessed the proposed arguments and data. In sum, Tannen develops an effective analytical essay
The holiday season is approaching and with this period comes the tradition of shopping for gifts. Therefore, this holiday season most people will purchase new sweaters, shoes, shirts, jeans, and other accessories. Clothes are a top priority for most holiday shoppers because developments within the textile industry have made these valuable items cheap to obtain. For instance, some of the leading global stores are able to sell clothes at low prices to their customers but this advantage comes at a hefty price to humanity (Goldstein, 2015). Approximately, ninety-eight percent of the clothes that are sold in North America and other places around the world are manufactured in developing countries such as Bangladesh, Mexico, and India where labor and other costs of production are favorable. Consequently, clothes manufacturing has become a burden to humanity and a viable tool for capitalistic interests (White, 2015). A spot check around the world indicates that currently, the clothes industry carries with it the burden of exploited labor, child labor, and other inconspicuous human costs. Even reputable brands such as GAP and Nike are perpetrators of the evils that surround the modern clothing industry. The only way the madness within the textile industry is for the consumers to take the initiative of influencing change within this industry. This paper argues that if all clothes’ consumers refrained from purchasing clothes that harm humanity and the environment, the entire clothing industry would autocorrect itself. Purchasing clothes has destroyed social and economic life in many developing nations especially in Bangladesh. No single place on earth has borne the suffering that comes with the clothing industry like Bangladesh. The high population of the area and its close proximity to sources of raw materials has made Bangladesh the unofficial fashion capital of the world. This tag has come with a heavy price for the region. The United States (US) has found a manufacturing haven in Bangladesh mostly because the numbers add up. For instance, manufacturing a high quality denim shirt in Bangladesh costs approximately $4 but this cost soars to $14 if the same item is made in the US (Anisul Huq, Stevenson, & Zorzini, 2014). Consequently, the only attractive quality about Bangladesh is the area’s ability to deliver economies of scale to capitalists. Nevertheless, Bangladesh foots the bill for other related costs. For example, the recent factory building collapse in Bangladesh was an eye-opener for the rest of the world. The collapse led to the death of 1,127 workers and caused approximately 2,500 injuries (Burke, 2013). Those who live in the developed world cannot begin to fathom the proportions of this tragedy mostly because there are too many industrial and safety guidelines. However, these same people are directly responsible for the Bangladesh tragedy because their consumerism is the main enabling factor for the tragedy. The only way to stop the fleeting disaster that is the Bangladesh unsafe-clothing industry is to stop consuming clothes, thereby putting a stop to the cycle of events. Wh
Introduction With changing landscape of the business environment globally has forced businesses to adapt and be more relevant to the customers. Companies that fail to do so promptly end up either ceasing to exist or losing market share. One of the most significant changes that the business world has seen over the last decade is the automation of business processes and electronic trade. As stated, e-commerce uses computer networks, primarily the internet, to buy and sell products, services, and information. A more technical definition is “a modern business methodology that addresses the need of organizations, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and speed of service delivery by using the internet.” E-Commerce Application at McDonald McDonald’s is the leading global foodservice retailer, with more than 31,000 local restaurants serving more than 58 million people in 118 countries. More than 75% of McDonald’s restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent franchisees. Though the company started with the opening of its first restaurant by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in 1940; the way the formal company was organized began in the year 1961 with Ray Croc, who was a franchisee of Mcdonald’s before that buying out the concept and rights from McDonald brothers for $2.7 million. Mcdonald’s has taken a lot of initiatives to provide customers with a faster, better, and more convenient service experience. Mcdonald’s website (www.mcdonalds.com) provides a lot of interactive tools to enhance the patrons’ experience. For example, the site has an online store locator that helps visitors locate restaurant locations and provides the facility details for each location. This allows customers quickly find the restaurants, especially in a new area, and plan events like parties depending on the facilities available at each location. The website also has a feature that allows the patrons to shop online for various items like merchandise, gift certificates, and forms for Mcdonald’s Arch cards. Mcdonald’s arch Cards are like pre-paid debit cards and come in four denominations for users’ convenience. It is also available for large corporate sales in multiples of twenty-five cards. These cards are public at all participating outlets, and the form can be downloaded from the Mcdonald’s website. The website also allows customers to check balances online. The site also offers a wide selection of merchandise like T-shirts, caps, sweatshirts, pants, footballs, and other memorabilia, among other collectibles. E-Commerce and Competitive Advantage With facilities like restaurant tracker and online merchandise sales, Mcdonald’s can fulfill many objectives. While, on the one hand, it brings direct revenue and customers to the company, it also ensures customer loyalty by providing better services with speed and cost-effectiveness. E-commerce helps Mcdonald’s achieve improved and lower costs while being available round-the-