ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Charles Dickens is known for his direct criticism of social problems that were prominent at his time and had an enormous impact on the population. The novel titled “Hard Times” is frequently discussed all over the globe, and can be regarded as a masterpiece. The author observed a lot of issues and did not hesitate to critique them in an attempt to provoke discussions among scholars and politicians. It is clear that many people had to live in inhumane conditions, and some of the beliefs were incredibly questionable. The popularization of philosophical thinking is particularly interesting, and the writer describes severe complications that may occur when one is blindly devoted to such ideas and does not question them. This paper presents a critique of how loyalty is portrayed in the work. Discussion The story is focused on the problems related to the industrial revolution and how it has affected society. Capitalism had fuelled the mistreatment of employees, and nobody had ever thought that there will come a time when all these injustices will be forgotten. Dickens’s novel reveals the struggles that parents, workers, and even children had to go through. They hand to ensure a lot of traumatic events to afford rent. The emergence of philosophical lives is perhaps one of the driving forces of changes that were witnessed during this era. The author describes various forms of loyalties and their prices in shaping the lives of the main characters in the novel. Mr. Gradgrind, one of the central characters, is committed to ensuring that he raises his children and influences all people around him through a unique philosophical approach. He believed that individuals should analyze facts before making any significant decisions, and it would help them to improve the quality of their lives. However, his philosophy makes life difficult for his children and others. Moreover, he does not have an easy time living with those who oppose his approaches and it causes many disagreements. The author tries to grab the attention of readers with the line that states “you can only form the minds of reasoning animals upon Facts: nothing else will ever be of any service to them” (Dickens 3). In other words, he did not accept anything else and the level of devotion to these ideas was enormous. Dickens was interested in highlighting how blind loyalty was a weakness even for powerful individuals. F
Introduction Spain is an important and vibrant member-nation of the European Union (EU) because of an economy that ranks fifth in the EC and eighth largest in the world. In addition, the Spaniards are likely to maintain their lofty standing because GNP routinely grows better than the average for the Community. Among members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the exclusive club of the world’s developed countries, Spain also stands out for having the fastest job creation growth year after year. Spain is extremely attractive for foreign direct investors for the preeminent position internationally and the gigantic size of export markets favorably disposed to Spanish goods. The nation commands respect among trading partners because, even as a “second-echelon” nation, Spain is the third largest foreign investor after the U.S.A. and China. From the Iberian Peninsula, the country offers easy access not only to the rest of the Continent but also to North Africa and to other markets around the Mediterranean. Elsewhere, the once-mighty reach of Spanish navigators and conquistadores open up tremendous opportunity in no less than 440 million Spanish-speaking consumers, chiefly in Latin America and the Caribbean. No wonder then than Spain plays magnanimous host to no fewer than 54 international banks and 11,000 foreign businesses. Regulations Governing Market Entry Even more than the already wide-open norm for the EU, the legal environment is extremely open and “business-friendly”. The letter and spirit of contract law adheres to the laissez faire principle that parties enter into contracts of their own free will. Consequently, the legislative, judicial and regulatory environment holds domestic enterprises and even government itself accountable for their contractual commitments, except:   * Where compliance with EU standards for free, fair and open competition apply.   * When workers must be afforded the fullest labor relations protection possible. Otherwise, foreign direct investment has already been deregulated, meaning that foreign companies are permitted entry into the full spectrum of high potential business areas: education, R & D, renewable energy, recycling, information and communications technologies (ICT), biotech, desalination, wastewater treatment, travel, leisure and hospitality. Foreign direct in
Introduction “A Scandal in Bohemia” by Conan Doyle is a masterpiece of a short story that blends playwriting skills with the flow associated with story telling. The reader completely connects with the rather peculiar character of Sherlock Holmes and his intuitive skills. Sherlock is also built as having adept communication skills and thus the reader follows the story from one conversation to the other until it ends. As compared to the other two, Mukarami’s “UFO in Kushiro” and Munro’s “How I Met My Husband”, the story has unequalled captivation. Plot Summary In “A Scandal in Bohemia”, the protagonist, Sherlock Holmes, is displayed as an individual with a high level of intuition built by his observant character. Being a passionate criminal investigator, Holmes solved criminal mysteries that defeat the official police. Watson, his former friend and companion, and a medical doctor, paid him a visit one day in Baker Street in 1888, and were introduced to Wilhelm Gottsreich Sigimond Von Ormstein, the hereditary king of Bohemia masquerading as Count Von Kramm, a Bohemian nobleman. Watson also got invited by Sherlock Holmes to work for the king in a task that involve the retrieval of pictorial evidence of the king’s relationship with a woman named, Irene Adler who was an adventuress retired from Opera. Adler was determined to break the King’s relationship with Clotilde Lothman Von Saxe-Meningen, the second daughter to Scandinavian King. The king was sure that if Adler sent the Clotilde photographs as she intended, his fiancée would be agitated and they would cancel their marriage plans. They had to move as quickly as possible to protect the king’s relationship. Adler had threatened to send the picture on the public announcement of the mutual intention of the King and his fiancée to marry. On getting Adler’s address, Briony Lodge, Holmes left for it the following morning. He found it and after obtaining information about Adler and her routine activities from the surroundings of her address, he went back to the Briony to device a plan. He noticed that Adler and her only male ‘associate’ were moving to the church of St. Monica in the Edgeware road. He followed him or her and found them stranded as they intended to marry and the clergyman could not bind them because there was no witness. He acted as a witness and went back with broken plans. Holmes devised a plan to know where she keeps the picture, which worked just fine. He then decided to visit Adler with the King and ret
Research Question What is the effect of different shampoos on the growth of bacteria on different hair types? Materials   * 9 Petri dishes   * Agar gel   * Cotton buds   * Three different shampoos   * Test tubes   * Droppers   * Test tube rack   * Labels Independent variable Different types of shampoos Different hair types The condition of the different hair types. Dependent variable The rate of growth of bacteria on Petri dishes The amounts of bacteria from different hair types. Types of bacteria on the Petri dishes The size of bacteria in different hair types. Controlled variables The brand of shampoos used The volume of the shampoos The amount of bacteria on the Petri dishes Procedure   * Rub your hands thoroughly in the first hair type (the dry hair) to ensure that the required bacteria are attached to the hands; 5-6 rubs will be sufficient.   * The bacteria collected should be smeared on the first agar plate 5-6 times and labeled correctly.   * Add three drops of the shampoo to the Petri dish containing smeared bacteria.   * This procedure should be repeated for the other remaining two hair types.   * Different types of shampoos should be collected and put in their respective test tubes.   * All the shampoos should be put under the same temperature in their respective test tubes.   * The bacterial cultures should be removed from the incubators at the same temperatures.   * Measure 2 ml of shampoos to be added to the growing bacteria on the Petri dishes.   * The volume of the shampoos to be added to the growing bacteria has to be kept constant throughout the experiment.   * Each test tube should have its own dropper to prevent mixing of the contents in the test tubes.   * All test tubes containing the three different shampoos should be well labeled.   * The Petri dish plus its contents should be kept in the incubator for them to start growing.   * All the Petri dishes containing the growing bacteria should be well labeled to avoid mixing them up and creating confusion.   * Place the first Petri dish containing bacteria undergrowth and add 2 drops of the first shampoo (Pantene) to the bacteria.   * Place the second Petri dish containing bacteria and add in it the same volume of a different shampoo (head and shoulders).   * Place the third Petri dish containing growing bacteria and add drops of a third shampoo (Baby Johnson) like the other two. The same volume of the shampoos should be maintained for the other remaining samples.   * After adding Shampoo to the Petri dish the dropper should be returned to the respective test
The authors of the article “Racist Love” offer useful arguments to describe the impacts of racism. According to the authors, racism has a tendency of imposing “white supremacy.” This situation makes every colored person a stereotype in the United States. A racial stereotype usually presents two models: acceptable and unacceptable . This premise makes it easier for the authors to explain why racist hatred and love are undeniable. The silence of many whites explains why racism has succeeded. The existence of resistance by the minority also describes the nature of racism. Most of the actions completed by whites in education, government, and politics play a critical role in correcting such flaws. The whites have forced different minority groups to continue suffering. American has also destroyed every sense of identity. New policies of white racism have also emerged in the country. According to the article, the function of different social stereotypes is to establish a new order between two aspects of a given society. This effort has also enforced the idea of white supremacy. This development has become a unique behavior that conditions the expectations and perceptions of the wider society. The majority of racial group conditions the minority to accept every stereotype in society. A person’s self-contempt plays a major role in supporting various stereotypes. That being the case, every acceptable stereotype becomes the “minority version of whiteness.” These developments explain why stereotype eventually becomes a critical part of society. The article goes further to explain why racism has existed for very many centuries in the world. For instance, the relationship between many cultural groups portrayed the concept of “racist love.” The Americans forced many immigrants into different societies. The relationships existing between whites and other minorities have been culturally deaf and unacceptable. This issue explains why the issue of racism has remained a major problem in different parts of the world. The other powerful argument presented in this article is how the tyranny of language is evident everywhere. This practice injects the minority sensibility into the mainstream culture. Many arguments and explanations have ignored the impacts of different cultural aspects in the country. Although some individuals have embraced various American practices and lifestyles, the agreeable fact is that the country is still promoting new stereotypes. Some cultural groups in America have been identifying new strategies to legitimize their social positions and ideas. The authors also examine how new distinctions have emerged between different cultural groups in the United States. This discussion explains why the issue of stereotype is a major challenge affecting many people. This article examines why the people of America have experienced numerous obstacles and chall
The rapid decline in employment opportunities across major economies around the world is one of the reasons why entrepreneurship is quickly growing. Although the population is growing, most economies have been experiencing sluggish performance in the past few decades. Of the worst impact to national, governments were the recent 2007 global recession that led to massive loss of employment opportunities to several skilled and non-skilled labors. When formal and informal employment opportunities are scarce, the next best option is to engage in entrepreneurial activities (Lundstrom & Stevenson, 2005). Secondly, entrepreneurship is fast growing due to the acquisition of professional training and development in business related courses. Over the past few decades, new and competitive training modules have been formulated and vastly taught in the middle level, and tertiary colleges. The same trend in training has also been experienced in institutions of higher learning. Due to the acquisition of business and entrepreneurship knowledge, there has been a desire to put the same knowledge into practice through the development of entrepreneurial activities. Also, most world economies are finding it relevant to develop their Gross Domestic Products (GDPs) by supporting the private sector initiatives in business (Swedberg, 2000). This type of support has led to the availability of funds needed to start and run business entities. This trend is, of course, expected to continue bearing in mind that the world is quickly becoming business-oriented. Even though the public sector is fully run by national governments, positive economic growth can hardly be realized in the absence of contribution made by the private sector through entrepreneurship. The three primary reasons that lead people to entrepreneurship include lack of opportunities in the public sector, knowledge, and skills in entrepreneurship as well as confidence, optimism, and talent in initiating new business ventures (Duening, Hisrich & Lechter, 2009). Out of the given reasons, an eventual personal choice to become an entrepreneur is largely driven by passion, talent, and optimism to succeed as an entrepreneur.
One of the most scandalous incidents in 2015 was the Volkswagen emissions case. In September 2015, it was revealed that the company purposefully rigged the diesel engines software. The latter ensured that emissions were always at the necessary level for the diesel car to pass the emissions test in the United States. Eventually, the company admitted that the software was supposed to recognize when the vehicle was being tested (Hotten para. 1). “ Dieselgate“ The incident leaked into the news on the 18 th of September 2015 and was dubbed “Dieselgate”. This matter affected not only Volkswagen but also Audi, Skoda, and Seat, adding up to 11 million vehicles implicated in the scandal. According to Spence, the Volkswagen software allows for passing the laboratory tests, but while driving, the emissions controls are deactivated (Spence para. 2). This means that when on the road, Volkswagen-manufactured vehicles emit pollutant substances, such as nitrogen oxide, nearly forty times the legal limit. The software was developed explicitly for the purposes of regulating the emissions according to the situation. The algorithms of the software determine the steering patterns, engine use, air pressure, and other key features that help identify whether a vehicle is being tested. The laboratory tests involve putting the vehicle on a stationary rig, which is detected by the software and a so-called safety mode is switched on, where the emissions are reduced to the legal limit. The software was dubbed a “defeat device”. In many countries, including European states, investigations are being carried out to determine the extent of the damage caused by the Volkswagen’s policy regarding the emissions of pollutants. As a result, the company faces significant problems. First and foremost, Volkswagen betrayed their customers’ trust thereby losing their loyalty. The company’s reputation is significantly damaged. It will be rather difficult to regain the clients’ loyalty and reestablish the company as trustworthy. Moreover, Volkswagen incurs significant losses that amount to 2.5bn euro, as well as 12bn euro of penalties. Multiple fines and lawsuits filed by certain civil groups exacerbate the company’s position. The situation was aggravated when the public found out that the cheating software has been in use for six years. Now, many people are appre
In “Mother Tongue,” Amy Tan considers the various implications of the different “Englishes” that she became acquainted with, and she pays particular attention to the “limited” and “broken” English used by her mother (2-3). Tan does not consider terms like “broken” and “fractured” to be appropriate because of their negative connotations and implications about her mother’s intelligence that are not true. However, she cannot find a better descriptor to represent the way her mother expresses thoughts in English. Her mother’s English and others’ reaction to it led to several limitations that Tan had to deal with in her personal and professional life. First, Tan claims that her mother’s issues with English impacted Tan’s ideas about her. While pointing out that difficulties with grammar or sentence structure in speech do not imply anything about her mother’s abilities, Tan admits that this manner of speaking used to be embarrassing to her. Because Tan was aware of the way this type of speech was often dismissed or derided, Tan used to be ashamed of her mother. Furthermore, the English of her mother, which Tan terms as her mother tongue, may have affected Tan’s performance at school. Tan points out that relatives have an impact on the formation of a child’s language-related skills. To prove the idea, Tan observes that her struggle with English is mirrored by other Asian Americans. Besides, Tan criticizes English tests that she used to have to take because they did not account for the diversity of thought processes in students. Finally, Tan believes that people around her have always expected her to fail to use English correctly. She suspects that the lack of support from teachers may have contributed to her initially pursuing math rather than English at school. Thus, Tan feels like her mother tongue and the reaction of others to it could have denied her access to the literary career that she eventually made her vocation. Problems persisted even after Tan started writing professionally. Initially, she established a style that would contradict others’ expectations and prove her mastery of English. She used excessively complex language and vocabulary that she did not employ in real life, which is why she eventually found that she hated her writing and decided to change it. Thus, even Tan’s early style was limited and defined by other people’s reactions to her mother tongue and expectations that she tried to defy. Work Cited Tan, Amy. Mother Tongue . 2013. Web.
Introduction A Supreme Court decision that is often consulted when it comes to the question of competency is Dusky v. United States (1960). This has some definite and expert opinion on whether a defendant is competent. It says that a defendant should be able to rationally understand “the proceedings against him” (Swerdlow-Freed 24). A defendant is protected of his rights under the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Everyone is equal under the law and as such defendants have a right and should be protected under the law. This is the principle behind the competency issue. Defendants should have a significant part in defending themselves and should know what is going on inside the court. But mental health problems are a barrier to this right under the law. It is very specific in Dusky v. United States (1960) that a defendant must have the “rational and factual understanding” of the adjudication against him. In criminal law, defendants should be competent to stand trial and to actively defend themselves. Defendants should have basic understanding of the adjudication that is going on and should be capable to assist the defense counsel in the trial. Discussion A definition of “competent” or “competency” is that if a person is arrested and brought to court for a crime, he/she should have the ability to understand what is going on, what are the charges against him and how he can effectively assist the defense counsel in the trial for his/her defense. The meaning of “incompetent” or “incompetency” is the contrary to the previous definition and the stress should be on the “inability” of the defendant to understand the proceedings. (Graham 6) The legal context in the competency issue started long ago in the 18 th century. Sir William Blackstone said that if a man commits a grievous offence and before arraignment, he is perceived mentally unstable, the arraignment should be postponed. If, after arraignment, he becomes mad, the trial should be postponed because he would not be able to defend himself. If after the trial, his mental state is again in question, the judgment should be postponed; and if after the judgment, his mental health is not good, execution should be stayed. (Zaph and Roesch 2) Blackstone’s writings have become a basis for the legal procedures in England and the United States. Richard Lawrence, who was tried for attempting to assassinate President Andrew Jackson, was considered incompetent to stand trial. In 1899, a defendant Youtsey was declared incompetent to stand trial because he was epileptic, which made him unable to help his counsel in the adjudication of his case. (Zaph and Roesch 2) English common law has been understood as saying that any trial, judgment, or execution should be stayed if he is found to have “become absolutely mad” (Hale, 1736 qtd. in Roesch et al. 1). There are at least three clinical conditions that a referral for competenc