ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The concept of justice can take many forms, and it can be related to the environmental practices adopted by the government and companies. This issue can be better illustrated by looking at the development of transportation projects that can be evaluated from ecological and economic perspectives. In many cases, they were built in low-income and minority communities that had fewer resources for mounting lawsuits and protests in response to the decisions of governmental agencies. This is the main thesis that should be explored in greater detail. Admittedly, it is possible to say that transportation projects can bring enormous benefits to various stakeholders such as businesses and people who seek employment. Nevertheless, minority and low-income communities have to face such consequences as air pollution, rising levels of noise, and dilapidation of many areas that can disrupted by highways (Jarrett, 2000, p. 148). These are some of the challenges that should be taken into consideration. Additionally, it is important to mention that some suburban neighborhoods were more likely to benefit from infrastructural projects if they inhabited mostly by white people (Marcantonio & Brenman, 2014). This trend was particularly widespread in the fifties, sixties, and seventies (Jarrett, 2000). One should keep in mind that these infrastructural projects were critical for the economic sustainability of many suburban communities since they helped many residents get to their jobs. Nevertheless, many minority and low-income communities were displaced. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about West Oakland which is more exposed to air pollution (Marcantonio & Brenman, 2014). Furthermore, this infrastructural project did not create many employment opportunities for the residents of this neighborhood. Thus, one can say that they were disadvantaged. It is important to mention that the planning decisions regarding the transportation system can influence the economic development of the community (Anyon, 2014, p. 94). One should keep in mind that businesses are not likely to operate in a neighborhood that does not have a well-developed transportation infrastructure. Public administrators normally take into account this issue while developing their planning policies. In many cases, the decisions of governmental officials do not reflect the economic needs of communities that could be discriminated in the past. For instance, one can speak about African Americans. This is one of the problems that should not be overlooked. Furthermore, it is important to speak about the practice of eminent domain which can be defined as the compulsory purchase of land and private property that can be required by local or federal governments for infrastructural projects (Merriam & Ross, 2006, p. 173). According to this policy, an individual should receive the reimbursement for the property that was taken from his/her. Admittedly, in many cases, such a practice can be vital for the economic growth of the community. Nevertheless, in many cases, the compensatio
Two books, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Fast Food Nation by E. Schlosser were written during different periods of time but portray similar problems and issues typical for two societies. In The Jungle , Upton Sinclair strives to produce a socialist critique of the horrific living and working conditions for turn-of-the-century immigrant laborers in the Chicago stockyards. This account of the brutal poverty that afflicts Jurgis Rudkus and his family, however, blends indistinguishably into an account of Jurgis’s subjective terrors of imprisoning familial relationships, terrors expressed in the novel as a fear of the maternal body. Fast Food Nation depicts fast food culture and its impact on the American population discusses the history and advantages of fast food. The Jungle was written in 1906 and Fast Food Nation in 2001 but both of them address the problem of capitalist exploitation and obesity problems. In the Jungle, the vertiginous transport in Jurgis’s story between macropolitical critique and irrational dread results, Upton Sinclair The Jungle , its very pursuit of the truth of social and cultural relations, often in spheres and situations outside the reality of middle-class life and across lines of ethnicity, class, and personal experience, makes its fantasies powerfully projective and produces a continuing vulnerability to uncanny and psychoanalytically resonant disruptions. Similar ideas are expressed by Schlosser who claims that the image of fast-food culture is replaced by modern social culture. Thus, in contrast to Sinclair Schlosser sees fast food as both “a commodity and metaphor” which helps him to analyze and reveal the nature of this phenomenon and its consequences for the nation. Both novels portray hatred of the capitalist burdens of social injustice, poverty, and suffering is increasingly indistinguishable from an aversion to the body and all of its fluids, smells, and processes. As a metaphor, fast food means the way of life followed by millions of Americans since the 1950s. Schlosser views McDonald’s as a prime example of suburbanization, Americanisation, and degradation and assumes that those who eat there are, by and large, dupes and victims. In the Jungle, the narrative’s fear of an entrapping world swarming with disreputable life blends into a fear of family life and, within the confines of the family, misogynistic fears of maternal women and their reproductive powers. Sinclair tells us that “she was a Dutch woman, enormously fat,” and that “[s]he w
Introduction The concept of early development opens a plethora of opportunities for a child. The latter may acquire the information that will help them grow as a young learner at a very fast pace and become a lifelong learner. By creating the environment that will spur the young learner’s enthusiasm for studying and avoiding the factors hindering early social and instructional language development (ELD), teachers and parents will be able to encourage a child for academic progress. Situations Fostering Early Language Development As a rule, to create a situation that promotes ELD, active participation of parent is highly required. One of such situations presupposes that one of the parents (or both, if needed) reads a story to the child and engages the latter into the discussion of characters, their actions, etc. To facilitate such a situation, it is recommended to find a book with big and colorful pictures that the child can scrutinize for details. Another situation that fosters ELD, engaging the child in a specific exercise while the child is listening to music should be listed. It is also highly desirable that the music should belong to the classic genre; surprisingly enough, classic rock music also works as a background for the child to be creative and develop their language skills (Aspire Training & Consulting, 2010). Finally, ELD can be enhanced by creating a situation, in which a child communicates with a parent or both parents. The theme of the conversation may concern pretty much anything; for example, the parents may help the child learn new words by playing a game (e.g., showing drawings of objects and suggesting the child to name them). The important thing is that in the course of such communication, a child establishes positive and trustworthy relationships with their parents. As a result, the environment fostering ELD emerges. Situations Hindering Early Langua
Introduction The PICOT Statement plays a highly significant role in nursing practice; based on the collected information, it helps to frame the core of any medical investigation. This review analyzes the research concerning the importance of telemedicine for the geriatric population to prevent diabetes complications. It examines how the study supports the Picot Statement and the presence or absence of evidence. Research Questions The term PICOT consists of five words – Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time. This format is frequently used in evidence-based nursing practice to formulate a clinical question in a statement to promote further investigation (Echevarria & Walker, 2014). For the formulating of the PICOT Statement, data collection is highly significant. For the information about patients, all data concerning patients’ gender, age, race, health status, and diseases are gathered. For the intervention, health care professionals elaborate on a treatment plan to perform; it may be therapy, medications, diagnostics, or specific tests. A new treatment plan should be compared with previous methods, or the necessity of treatment should be investigated in the segment of comparison. The outcome implicates the final results of the proposed treatment. The paradigm of time analyzes the time frame of treatment. It is essential for nursing professionals to use an appropriate template while framing the PICOT Statement. Echevarria and Walker (2014) suggest five main question types and describe templates that may be used to frame them. These templates are meaning, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis or prediction, and intervention. The template of meaning is used to investigate the importance of experience for a particular individual, group, or society (Echevarria & Walker, 2014). Etiology is used to determine the main risk factors or the reasons for a condition (Echevarria & Walker, 2014). The diagnosis template helps to identify which test is “more accurate in diagnosing a condition” (Echevarria & Walker, 2014, p. 19). The prognosis, or prediction, the template is used by nurses to determine the dynamic pattern of treatment and potential complications of the patient’s condition. Intervention is a template that is used to identify which treatment will be the most effective (Echevarria & Walker, 2014). While time and comparison may be optional categories, Population, intervention, and outcome are the obligatory parts of any template. Sample Populations The resulting PICOT Statement is: “In the geriatric diabetic patients, the implementation of telemedicine, compared to traditional clinical visits, will decrease the concomitant effects of type 2 diabetes through 24/7 monitoring of the syndromes from home, over a six-month period.” This statement frame the question of whether telemedicine, as a new treatment monitoring practice, will be more efficient in reducing the potential risk of comorbid diseases of geriatric patients with type 2 diabetes. This statement uses the template of prognosis (pre
Role of Ethical Standards in Psychology: Focus on Societal Norms Ethics refers to the acceptable code of conduct upon which individuals’ behavior may be perceived as right or wrong depending on societal norms. However, having a generally acceptable code of conduct has faced controversies, with different thinkers coming up with various theories to attempt to develop the standards. This has led to diverse views on what is ethical and what is not ethical among different communities or social groups. Philosophy and religion are the major ways of attempting to establish the generally acceptable principles in these settings (Wright, 2000). In the field of psychology, debates and discussions on the role and need for ethics code arose due to increased tasks and social interactions of psychologists with members of society before and after the second world war. In this epoch, the psychology as a field was increasingly expanding, and thus come the year 1947, the American Psychological Association (APA) appointed a committee for the ‘Ethical Standards’ whose mandate was to establish code of ethics for psychologist, with the specific aim of changing human behavior (APA Council of Representatives, 2003). Role of ethical standards and codes and norms in the field of psychology Broadly, ethics code is indicative of moral norms underlying the values of psychology as a profession. As in many professions, ethical norms in psychology are geared towards achieving morality associated with ‘doing good’ causing no harm, respecting others and their dignity, and being fair and honest with everyone. Norms in a profession refers to the ideals of that profession and defines distinct behavior types (dos and don’ts) that guide the professionals as they conduct their business. In a sense they guide the conduct of the individuals involved and provide the ground upon which the codes are assessed (APA Council of Representatives, 2003). The specific roles of these norms and codes of ethics include the following: One is the establishment of the professions integrity. This role is largely associated with creation and maintenance of the professions capability based on societal norms of respect and responsibility (Wright, 2000). This role separates and makes the field of psychology unique as a ‘community of common purpose’ and forms a unitary agreement among the members of the profession and thereby by extension boosting the confidence of other members of society in it. Further, integrity of the profession is anchored on the fact that the ethics code is streamlined for the members to focus on the activities and the duties they have for the enti
The leadership styles used by Grant and Hitler resemble and differ in several ways. In this essay, I will first discuss the differences followed by similarities. First, Grant‘s leadership style becomes demonstrated as unheroic while Hitler’s style becomes demonstrated as false heroic. Second, Grant was a strategist who wanted the best out of himself and his soldiers while Hitler did not mind much about the well being of his soldiers and most of his strategies involved murder. Lastly, Grant’s style of leadership was humble and democratic, while Hitler’s style of leadership was that of dictatorship. On the other hand, both leaders led to loss of lives during the attacks and the strategies they employed became influenced by earlier experiences. Considering the styles of leadership by the two leaders, Grant was more heroic than Hitler, as he gave his troop autonomy to do what they deem best, as opposed to Hitler who ruled by the supreme command. Differences between Grant and Hitler According to Keegan, Grant used unheroic style of leadership because he resisted leading from the front (18). Grant’s ability to embrace new and creative methods of fighting in the war and his down to earth attitude of taking himself like a mere soldier or commander while still leading his soldiers into places that would result to losses of lives is what makes Grant the symbol of an unheroic hero (Keegan 168). Other traits that made Grant seem unheroic include his appearance and mode of dressing. Grant did not appear to have power, from the outside look. He was, also, not handsome as he paid less attention to his physical appearance and he wore cluttered clothes. Besides, Grant watched over the soldiers in the vanguard and often assisted soldiers who found themselves in trouble. Grant ensured that his troops did not surrender through encouraging them and providing reinforcements. Conversely, Keegan demonstrates Hitler’s leadership style as false heroic (154). He uses the fact that Germany finally lost the battle to support his argument. He further argues that Hitler, at some point, lacked the confidence and aptitude to carryout operations on a daily basis. Hitler did not embrace new fighting techniques from his soldiers, as he solely formulated strategies and made vital decisions with no consultation from his fellow army men. This implies that the troop had to abide by all Hitler’s military ventures despite the fact that some of these ventures were not viable. Keegan, also, demonstrates Grant as a committed strategist who wanted the best out of himself and his soldiers as he quotes him saying “I finally decided to have (no communications) – to cut loose altogether from my base and move my whole force without a rear link.” (18). In other words, Grant preferred not to address his troops as he regarded it as needless
Introduction Neoclassical and Romantic activities cover the epoch of 1750 to 1850. Neoclassicism demonstrates life to be additionally balanced than it was. The Romantics special an interest in scenery, picturesque, aggressive, inspirational. Unlike Neoclassicism, which locations for the arrange, reason, convention, society, cleverness, and resolute communication, Impracticality acceptable everyday society in the passageway of realizing not in stature close to introduction the not representative independent visions of continuance and consider on a moving and over-romantic side of humankind. In this association, the importance was on feeling, obsession, imagination, human being, and usual enunciation. Ensuing infractions from the freedom and democratic principles of the French uprising, the idealistic Movement had in ordinary only a rebellion alongside the system of classicism (Arthur Lovejoy, 2004, 229-53). Intellectual And Philosophical Origins Neoclassicism was a creative and thinker movement, commencement in the mid-17th century in England, jointly progressive and usual in its object of contestants the imaginary and original activities of Augustus Caesar’s daylight hours and the traditional epoch in universal. The historicist analysis’s of Romanticism, which mainly organized one thread of Romanticism next to one more, supplied an enlivening detachment sandwiched flanked by thought through us and a deceives them, an unbreachable opening stuck between at the moment and then, consequently produce minutes of approaching into the pastness of the history yet as well an additional description of the Enlightenment topic whose basis happens to objectified command, right away as in that Enlightenment account of “false notion,” the legend of Frankenstein. Jerome McGann’s Romantic viewpoint (1983) tartan this dialectic of Enlightenment with romanticizing
The Cold War is among the brightest examples of inter-state tensions in the twentieth century. A few decades of the war became the period of global changes related to political affairs. The competition between the USSR and the USA, the dissolution of the former, and major armed conflicts in Korea and Vietnam are among the events that still impact the world. The superpowers involved in the Cold War needed to mobilize all resources to prove their superiority. Unlike the nuclear arms race increasing the risks of global wars, competition related to space exploration caused the development of science and technology (Holland and Burns 9). As for the impact of these events, modern achievements, including satellite communication, would not be possible without the scientific discoveries made during the Cold War. The arms race led to increases in the production of weapons, and nowadays, multiple countries possess nuclear warheads (Bell and Miller 74). It requires the global community to implement new measures for arms control. The dissolution of the USSR, the Vietnam War, and the Korean War are also among the political events influencing the world. The end of the USSR changed the geopolitical situation due to the formation of new states and conflicts between its former members (Rezaev 1). As for its long-term impact, this event significantly decreased the popularity of socialism. The Korean War changed the world by causing further division of Korea and the emergence of two drastically different political regimes (Cumings 330). The war has a variety of consequences impacting modern people’s lives. For instance, the approach to development and censorship chosen by North Korea affects the country’s foreign relations with modern economic superpowers (Cumings 330). In the twentieth century, the Vietnam War changed the lives of millions of families leading to the country’s reunification and the growth of socialism. Apart from its long-term political effects, the war still impacts veterans and injures people’s health (Schlenger et al. 543). Thus, during the Cold War, there have been numerous events contributing to political changes. To sum up, the discussed events that took place during the Cold War significantly changed the world. Their key effects include the continuous conflict between the capitalist and the socialist states, casualties of war, and progress in science. These consequences still impact people in many countries, mostly in a negative way. Works Cited Bell, Mark S., and Nicholas L. Miller. “Questioning the Effect of Nuclear Weapons on Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol. 59, no. 1, 2015, pp. 74-92. Cumings, Bruce. “Imagining the Korean War.” Reviews in American History , vol. 45, no. 2, 2017, pp. 330-336. Holland, Dora, and Jack O. Burns. “The American Space Exploration Narrative from the Cold War through the Obama Administration.” Space Policy , vol. 46, 2018, pp. 9-17. Rezaev, Andrey V. “25 Years after the USSR: Comparative Sociological Accounts: Introduction to a Special Issue of Comparative Sociology.” Comparative Sociology , vol. 16, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-12. Schlenger, William E., et al. “PTSD and Use of Outpatient General
In the summer of 2015, the unexpected downturn of the Chinese Stock market took the world by surprise. Consequently, the global financial market was thrown into turmoil as the events in China sent shockwaves across other established markets. China is the second biggest economy in the world and the developments of its stock market are a cause for concern for various stakeholders including national and international financial market players around the world. The downturn of the China stock market has witnessed the shanghai Composite Index lose over 40% in value between 2015 and 2016 (El Montasser, Fry, and Apergis 3). Most of the financial players in the world reacted in a speculative manner as opposed to outlining how this market crash would affect their own interests. A few months afar this phenomenon unfolded, it has now become clear that the reactions of most financial analysts were mostly borne out of panic. Other players were too quick to compare the China market crash with the events that took place in the United States between 20008 and 2009 and the subsequent Euro zone crash of 2011 and 2012. It is now clear that most of the initial reactions to the crash were exaggerated. Nevertheless, the Chinese market crash is expected to have far-reaching effects on the global economy whereby most of the shock would be felt by its main trading partners in Europe and the United States. in 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) outlined some of the threats faxing its economic prospects to include “the foul combination of $33 oil (£22.30 – an eleven year low), bubbling middle-east tensions, the prospect of rising interest rates and rapidly disintegrating Chinese equity markets” (Kundu and Sarkar 300). Although the issue of the Chinese market crash for the UK was initially lull, its persistence is likely to have significant impacts on the financial services of the UK and the EU in general. For instance, the UK government has instituted ‘circuit breakers’ to the effects of the China market crash by suspending trading on several occasions. This essay investigates the impacts of the Chinese market crash on the UK. The paper looks at the gravity of the market disaster in China and analyzes whether the events in Shanghai could be mirrored in the UK. Currently, the epicenter of the problem is in China whereby the country has done all that is in its power to arrest the situation. However, the authorities in China have proved to be misinformed in their understanding of the stock markets and their underlying dynamics. Consequently, the panic in China has had significant impacts on other stock markets around the world. For example, the situation in china has prompted a decline in the FTSE among other major global financial markets. The panic behind the free falling Chinese market is mostly fueled by the fact that this phenomenon bears striking similarities to other distasteful financial events of the twenty-first century such as the ‘dot com bubble’ and the financial crisis of 2008. For instance