ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Even in some of the prosperous nations of the world where its citizens enjoy a high standard of living, it is difficult to find people that are generally pleased with the way their politicians governed their nation. This is attributed to the complexity of the problems that political leaders have to deal with as well as the inevitable consequences of trying to manage diverse groups of people with different beliefs, interests and ideas on how to run things. But there is another reason for the differences in opinion when it comes to governance and state presence; it can be understood through the ideologies that people use to interpret the world around them. Three of the most basic ideologies are: conservatism, socialism and liberalism. In the case of Canada its political leaders and its citizens hope to have a middle-ground and not to sway to extremes. Conservatism is a strong belief in the capability of the individual. Those who adhere to this ideology believe that the individual is the driving force of social progress (Johnson, p.72). Although others would generally agree to this idea, conservatism is distinguished even further on the basis of how a conservative tend to view the role of the state in his or her life. In this way of thinking the individual does not only have the right to be free this political ideology also stresses the principle that “every individual should be free to ‘ride to the top of life’; to acquire wealth, prestige, and personal power; and to make use of these acquisitions as he or she deems fit” (Johnson, p.72). At first glance this may seem to be a selfish view of life. Furthermore, it is a highly competitive way to live. Much is given on individual liberties but when it comes to governance conservatism creates two major implications. First of all there is a disdain for big governments or more specifically the power of the government to interfere in the lives of the citizens. This leads to the second implication which was summarized by political scientists in the following statement: “nothing can be guaranteed in life and that all individuals are also free to fail, to stumble to the bottom, to find poverty and insignificance if they fail to make the best of the opportunities presented to them” (Johnson, p.72). In other words those who had fallen on hard times should not expect any assistance from the government. Socialism on the other hand is the belief that society and not the individual should be the center of human interaction (Johnson, p.79). This does not mean that socialists do not value liberty and human rights but in the context of the community. Everyone must work together to attain the common good. There must also be an equal distribution of wealth and power. It also means that society must allow a central government to coordinate and regulate everything. This means greater role for the state to make an impact in the lives of people. However, this can also mean an over-reliance for government help. In the case of Canada, the citizens are fortunate to have leaders who were abl
The Lottery is set in an idyllic place with beautiful nature and a peaceful atmosphere. It is portrayed through imagery such as descriptions of beautiful flowers and children running around (Jackson 1). Thus, the author has deliberately created an atmosphere in which people are busy with their day-to-day chores, and the subsequent sacrifice, seemingly, does not affect the village in the slightest. First, children are being described as looking for stones, which only later becomes evident that the stones are necessary for the sacrifice. The villagers do not appear to be overly worried or trying to protest the lottery. There is a distinction between the rest of the villagers and the old man (Warner), who does not understand why other nearby villages have stopped performing the yearly ritual. Warner believes that it is inevitable, and the tradition cannot be avoided (Jackson 2). This exemplifies that the lottery has been around for a long time, and multiple villages either share the same tradition or have just recently changed their way of life. The man of the household is the one picking the piece of paper that ultimately becomes a death sentence for one member of the family. If men cannot do this, the son is to replace them. This illustrates the patriarchal values since the men are responsible for either saving or killing one of their loved ones. The Lottery is a sacrifice performed yearly because of an old tradition that suggests this will facilitate better crops. However, the participants never expect the victim to be them, which is why the Lottery does not create worries within the community become the victim is known. Thus, the lottery cannot have winners since death is guaranteed, yet people are ready to follow traditions blindly without realizing the atrocities. The author has chosen an innocent title and an idyllic atmosphere illustrated at the beginning of the story to allow the reader to understand that the community engaging in the ritual did not consider the deed a murder. The Lottery is a gambling game in which one loses, and one wins, and this is precisely how the blind followers of the old tradition look at it. No one realizes it is murder until they themselves become victims. Works Cited Jackson, Shirley. The Lottery . The New Yorker, 1948.
The United States has been recognizing unions as a legal entity for many years now and most major unions are a part of the public sector such as teachers, doctors, and police. Collective bargaining in the case of wages and salaries, fringe benefits, and other working environments for all these sectors are concluded by labor unions. Even though the number of unions has excessively decreased in the last 40-50 years, however, they still tend to be an important element in a country’s politics (Stearley, 1996). Labor unions also claim to be more actively working in the nursing sector. Their contributions are subjected to providing an excellent working environment and a more relaxed frame of mind to the registered nurses all across the United States. ANA – American Nursing Association ANA has been the voice of American nurses for more than a century now. Their major contributions include the development of policies, lobbying nurses, major newsletter and other published material, internet portability for nurses, and partnerships with other important organizations. The needs of all nurses are addressed formally and quickly thus ensuring proper flow of information. Alignment of proper policies ensures the equitable position of the nurse in all healthcare settings. The American Nurses Association (ANA) is one of the only professional bodies for nurses which embody over 3.1 million indexed nurses through its elemental nursing associations which are affiliated with the Center for American Nurses (Stearley, 1996). This union takes the nursing profession ahead by maintaining high standards of practice, fighting and captivating the rights of nurses in the workplace, keeping their image realistic, and regulating fair practices in order to favorably affect nurses and the public. SEIU 1199 NW The Service Employees International Union is among many reputed unions affiliated with Washington University. SEIU 1199NW is a representative for many nurses at the Harborview Medical Center of Seattle. Among many other entities, they also represent nurses in state hospitals and state clinics. In this outgrowing industry with fees and other expenses rising continuously, the union ensures that the lower class nurses are given at least their wages and promised benefits. SEIU has been operating for more than 75 years and through its efforts to empower the operational class, SEIU has been victorious. Member database is continuously growing and the classes and sectors of work that the union represents are also on the rise. SEIU is the fascinating hold of the worker’s aspiration for fairness and helping to make that fairness realism (Colasurdo). The Washington State Nurses Association The Washington State Nurses Association (WSNA) is an experts’ union that is continuously serving to defend and hold up nurses and the nursing occupation. All nurses from different parts of the Washington State ally to formulate this union about near a century ago. The WSNA’s main reason is to help out in the nurses’ training standards and accomplish today the acts t
Introduction The paper focuses on the use of sociolinguistic perspectives in the process of protecting English as a language in areas where it is endangered as being a minority language by conducting a sociolinguistic study on the reasons resulting to this situation, the prevailing circumstances and the endangerment results. The paper also looks at other social as well as structural processes that are associated with the endangered English language and its survival. The research focuses on the loss of aspects of English language from both the migrant and indigenous perspective due to the introduction of other dominating languages. The paper also looks at the relationships of English and other language to the existing policies introducing the impacts of the ELT as an intervention measure (Long 2005, p. 123). The sociolinguistic approach to English language teaching (ELT) explains its programs and purposes. This perspective focuses on the situations that mostly target ELT competence in communication. The perspective believes that in any program related to ELT, a communication has to be presented, and this will entail events that are involved in communication. These include the daily duties discussed, the domain of the ELT which is mainly educational, the medium mostly used in the presentation of ELT programs that are to be ‘spoken’, the mode that is a dialogue, the communication channel that is mostly face to face interaction, the settings of such learning programs, the content of the subject and English level (Parker 1994, p. 154). Such profiles made up of these events develop an ELT syllabus. The native English speaker’s legitimacy in teaching English as a second language has caused a number of issues originated from a sociolinguistic view of English education. In many studies conducted on the subject, the results indicate that such English speakers theoretical practices vary when it comes to ELT practices ranging from native norms towards the foreign ones. It is clear that the ELT programs pluralized reality practiced globally ma
Introduction Exporting camel meat from Australia to China is a lucrative business venture, but it has risks associated mainly with competition and the lack of adequate marketing structures in both the origin and the destination country. Nevertheless, as the report shows, starting the business is a good idea, given that the economic outlook of China is improving, its population is growing, the middle-income status of households is increasing rapidly, and the demand for alternative food is growing. China is also a historical trading partner with Australia and authorities in the two countries are keen to promote a mutual trading environment. Australia already has a thriving beef export business in China and faces few hurdles in replicating the same success with camel meat. One of the challenges facing Australia would be the wild nature of camels found in the country, which hampers the proper planning of production and processing of meat for export. In addition, the camel meat export industry needs to develop enough capacity for transporting and processing camel meat to match the capacities available for beef processing and export (Wellis, 2013). Meanwhile, China is also implementing various programs to increase its camel population and grow the market share of camel meat, but that is unlikely to deter market penetration of the Australian camel meat into the country. The success of Chinese marketing efforts will also help camel meat from Australia. Given the demographic and social-economic characteristics of China, the best promotion strategies for Australian camel meat would be direct marketing and the use of stakeholders to provide industry-wide support. The opportunities for growing the market are huge and should be tapped. The market for camel products in China has lasted more than 3000 years, and it continues to show considerable resilience, amid the increasing popularity of meat and other animal products (Wellis, 2013). China is also a notable producer of Camel meat, although its domestic consumption takes up for the country’s entire production capacity. Until the last few decades, much of the Chinese market has been informal, and it has been difficult for marketers in various interest firms, as well as state authorities to form a thorough description of the market. Nevertheless, there is considerable evidence available from the main camel rearing areas of China, on the existence of a large enough domestic market to warrant interest for international firms dealing with camel meat. This is the main reason why a thought of exporting camel meat from Australia to China would arise. In Australia, camels are used mainly for meat consumed by both humans and pets (Askin, 2011). In China, camel meat is mostly for human consumption. Nutritionally, camel meat has protein levels that match those of beef, but it has less fat content than beef. In addition, the meat is similar to lamb and chicken, but with a significantly reduced fat content, such that it would take eight times the c
International Corporate Finance Establishing the number of Yuan payable to purchase reams of paper worth 100,000 US dollars from China when the present exchange rate is 6.5766 US dollars per Chinese Yuan. Definition Foreign Exchange refers to the contract to sell or buy a specific amount of currency in return for another. The delivery and settlement takes place at a specified time and rate of exchange or price. Foreign exchanges have no particular physical centre of exchange. The trade is mainly conducted by banks. The foreign exchange markets provide a system that converge sellers and buyers and supply information on prices and the exchange activities of players (Eiteman, Stonehill, and Moffett, 2010). Foreign Currency Derivatives Foreign currency derivatives refer to financial derivatives whose advantage is pegged on the exchange rates of foreign currencies. The instruments are used for speculation and hedging foreign exchange exposure. Spot Contract This refers to an agreement to sell or buy a currency for delivery. The payment or settlement is made at the spot date. This is usually two business days following the trade date (Eiteman, Stonehill, and Moffett, 2010). The payment and delivery rate is known as the spot rate or price. Where there lays an option for immediate payment, the spot contract would be the most suitable. The buyer will need 15205.4253 Chinese Yuan to purchase US$100000 worth reams of paper. Settlement for the contract would take place within two working days. Forward Contract A forward contract refers to an agreement to sell or buy a particular asset at a predetermined future date and at a rate agreed upon presently (Eiteman, Stonehill, and Moffett, 2010). Suppose the buyer wants to purchase the reams of paper thirty days from now. Assuming that a Chinese company has $100000 worth reams of paper, which it wishes to sell thirty days from now. Both participants can agree on a forward contract. Suppose the parties settle for a sale price of $102000 in thirty days, they will have entered into a forward contract. In thirty days, the buyer and seller have an obligation to honour their respective duties at the set price (Reh, 2013). Future Contract Futures refer to standardized contracts where those involved go into an agreement to purchase or buy a specific asset that has a standardized quality and quantity. The present price is used while delivery and payment is made on a future date. Future contracts are entered into in future exchange. The seller and buyer are said to be “long” and “short” respectively since the seller expects the price to go down in future while the buyer hopes it will rise (Butler, 2004). Bid or Ask Spread The bid refers to the largest amount that a bidder or buyer is willing to pay for an asset. The ask or offer price refers to the price stated by the seller of a currency or any other asset. The variance between
Unfortunately, interpersonal violence is an integral part of the modern world, and its rates are relatively high in the U.S. Various factors play a significant role in shaping people’s attitudes toward violent acts, and the impact of the media is probably the strongest one. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the influence of the media, the accuracy of representations of homicide on evening news reflecting the true nature of lethal violence in America, and the differences in how violence is projected by media type. To begin with, there were many studies regarding the effect of the mass media on the ways citizens act and think. According to Alvarez and Bachman (2016), “people can learn and imitate violent behaviors and attitudes from individuals and groups” they have never met (p. 59). What is more, “when individuals are repeatedly exposed to violent media, they are more likely to perceive ambiguous events as being hostile” (Alvarez & Bachman, 2016, p. 60). Therefore, people may begin to tolerate such actions and even get engaged in them. Moreover, by translating images of this violent world, the media makes many people start adding security features to their homes, avoiding certain streets or parts of American cities, and thinking about the integrity of facing cruelty and assault. It is unlikely that homicide representations on news shows accurately reflect the lethal vio
Introduction The development of symptoms of eating disorders is a cause for concern since this health problem can become a serious risk factor. The article by Crawford and Brandt (2018) tells about the dangers of such a problem and why public authorities should pay more attention to the issue of control over the population’s eating habits. As the evidence of the relevance of the issue raised, it can be noted that the physiological outcomes of misbalance in the digestive system are fraught with dangerous consequences. Therefore, relevant interventions can be useful, and the positions of the stakeholders deserve at least a discussion. Justification of the Need to Resolve the Issue The opinion on the need to take urgent measures to address health problems caused by eating disorders has a theoretical and statistical justification. For example, according to Crawford and Brandt (2018), eating disorders are “the third most common chronic illness in adolescents” (para. 14). As a consequence, a number of appeals to the country’s authorities were held. The initiators made a petition to the representatives of the Senate and also appealed to the former head of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Nevertheless, the statements of the activists did not have sufficient influence on the officials, and no significant measures were taken even after providing the substantiation of the danger of the problem. However, the issue raised by the initiators should be considered since, judging by their assurances, the situation regularly deteriorates, and “every 62 minutes, someone dies as a direct result of an eating disorder” (Crawford & Brandt, 2018, para. 19). Therefore, the discussion of the intervention should be started as soon as possible to stop the problem. Causes of Disagreements The primary reason for the disagreement was that the position of the authorities did not coincide with the opinion of the supporters of urgent interventions. According to the healthcare representative, eating disorders cannot be considered such a dangerous problem to take many efforts, and therefore, this ailment was excluded from the list of potentially dangerous ones. Nevertheless, as the authors note, over the past two years since the signing of this law, the changes have taken a toll, and the need for intervention is obvious (Crawford & Brandt, 2018). Moreover, the statistics provided by researchers demonstrates the urgent need for information dissemination among the population and psychological assistance to those in need. However, judging by the words of official representatives, all the data on the indicated problem can be found in free access on various online platforms. Such an approach to protecting the population can hardly be considered successful since the decision to take appropriate measures and group all available information in one place for conducting a complex intervention would be a more sensible solution. It is these disagreements that h
Introduction Progressive Era was a period of great reforms in the United States that occurred in the early part of 20 th century. The progressives formulated reforms focused on promoting good governance and welfare of the Americans by advocating for radical changes in economic, political and social policies. Economically, the progressives advocated for the economic reforms that that regulated businesses in order to provide a level ground for a healthy competition. Reforms Prior to Progressive Era, there were unfair business practices that promoted monopoly of some businesspersons like John Rockefeller, which prompted formulation of policies that ensured fair business practices. Due to poor employment standards, child labor, unfair business practices and rampant corruption in the government, muckraking journalists investigated these vices and exposed them for the society to perceive, and this prompted the government to make reforms (Leonard 112). The progressives also rooted for the adoption of laissez-faire and formation of labor unions in face of high rate unemployment in order to improve the working conditions of the workers. Overall, the government formulated laws and policies, which ensured that the economic growth benefitted all citizens. Politically, the progressive had perceived that the government was full of inefficiencies and corruption that led to various injustices against the Americans. The progressives wanted to clean up the government to be free from inefficiencies and corruption scandals that have affected delivery of quality services to the people. According to Leonard, “four constitutional amendments were adopted during the Progressive era, which authorized an income tax, provided for the direct election of senators, extended the vote to women, and prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages” (115). The sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth amendments promoted both political and social reforms in the United States. The seventeenth amendment empowered the people to choose their preferred leaders thus promoting democracy. Moreover, the nineteenth amendment empowered women by allowing them to vote and participate in the political arena. In addition, the introduction of the secret balloting enhanced democracy because it promoted free and fair election of senators and presidents. Socially, due to deteriorating moral standards that occurred because of rampant abuse of drugs such as alcohol, the progressives supported the prohibition of manufacturing, sale and distribution of alcohol. The religious progressives argue that alcohol consumption destroy the moral fabric of the society and thus advocated for the society that is free of alcohol.