ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Virtually all professions are guided by a well-defined code of ethics and members must strive to adhere to them. This is usually aimed at ensuring effective and efficient delivery of services to the clients. The nursing code of ethics is designed to act as a road map to all nurses as they interact with the patients (American Nurses Association, 2001). A nurse is concerned with the delivery of care services to the sick, injured and the welfare of those who are vulnerable as well as fight for social justice (American Nurses Association, 2001). In their day-to-day duties, nurses seek to prevent illness and alleviate suffering. Moreover, they are expected to protect, promote, and restore the health of individuals, families, and community members. The code of ethics for nurses lays the foundation for appropriate ideals and moral norms of the profession in general. I can vividly recall a day when I had a very tight schedule for the day. I reported working very early in the morning for the morning duty. When the time for change overcame, the nurse who was supposed to take over me was delayed and several patients needed to be attended to. At first, I felt that it was unfair for me to go on beyond my scheduled time. Although whatever I had planned to do in the afternoon was equally critical, I decided to continue offering my services to the patients as a professional nurse. America has been faced with several public health crises especially communicable and non-communicable diseases. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and mainly affects adults (Cheriyan, McEniery, & Wilkinson, 2010). It is characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries which may reach chronic levels. Occasional levels of increased blood pressure do not constitute hypertension but sustained blood pressure of 140/90 is regarded as hypertension in medical terms (Fishberg, 2004). The condition may either be essential or secondary. If the cause of hypertension is not known, then it is referred to as essential hypertension. Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is used to describe high blood pressure whose cause can be established. Unfortunately, about 95% of all cases are classified under essential hypertension (Fishberg, 2004). Apart from kidney problems, use of birth control pills, and tumors, it is not easy to determine the cause of hypertension. It is estimated that about 73 million adults in America suffer from hypertension while some 2 million teenagers and children are affected by the condition (Cheriyan et al., 2010). Research findings reveal that African Americans are at a higher risk of suffering from hypertension compared with any other ethnicity (Fishberg, 2004). Smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, alcoholism, lack of vitamin D, stress, aging, and genetic orientation are some of the factors closely associated with hypertension. High blood pressure as the disease has no clear symptoms to such an extent t
Abstract Victims of child abuse and domestic violence have the right to seek legal recourse in case of violation of their rights. Domestic abuse or violence entails the expression of certain patterns of behaviors that are abusive towards one’s partner in a relationship involving marriage, cohabitation, dating, or a familial affair. This paper provides a basis upon which victims of child abuse and domestic violence can sue authorities for their failure to take timely and relevant action against the offenders. Introduction Cases of child abuse and domestic violence have been on the rise in the recent past following the authorities’ failure to act accordingly against those who engage in such misdemeanors. However, domestic aggression is not constrained to actions that entail physical and emotional abuse. It also implies criminal coercion, unlawful imprisonment, and kidnapping. Engaging in these acts is regarded as a violation of the victims’ rights. Child abuse occurs not only within the familial settings but also in the communal background. For example, acts of sexual assault, molestation, and children beating can be found within and outside their families. An understanding of such violations raises the question of when such victims of child abuse and domestic violence can sue the authorities. This paper argues that the victims of child abuse and domestic violence should sue authorities in case they report any abusive deeds to the authorities who in turn do not take appropriate and timely legal action. When can Victims of Child Abuse Sue Authorities? Child abuse is a communal challenge. Consequently, no one agency can claim to possess the training, resources, legal capacity, and the necessary labor to offer full intervention on the issue. In fact, Jordan and McDermott (2015) assert that no single agency has a full mandate to handle abused children. In the event of child abuse such as sexual harassment or physical mistreatment, a series of events occur. The doctor treats the patient after confirming that the act of abuse took place. The child then undergoes therapeutic interventions, for instance, counseling, followed by the act of social workers taking the necessary undertakings, including working in close partnership with the family, until full recovery. Most importantly, police are also supposed to take action by arresting offenders before lawyers can take their role of prosecuting the purported criminals (Jordan & McDermott, 2015). This multidisciplinary response calls upon different players to fulfill their duty owed to the child. In case any authority fails to execute its duty, the child has the legal recourse of considering a lawsuit. Victims of child abuse need to sue authorities in case they do not take sufficient actions th
Noncompete agreements are specific legal contracts that may sometimes be concluded between employees and employers in addition to the basic document. Though many courts do not approve of these agreements, many employers actually benefit from them (Cihon & Castagnera, 2017). On the contrary, workers usually find these contracts to be a severe problem threatening their future career; that is why there are particular factors that have to be taken into account when signing a noncompete agreement. First of all, such legal contracts may only be concluded in case a new employer of the departing worker will likely be in direct competition with the former hirer, and this competition will damage the former employer’s business. Then, it is recommended to make such an agreement if workers know valuable information and can either share it with competitors after leaving their job or even start their own business and apply those trade secrets learned from the former hirer. Finally, if a new employer is in the same location as the former one, it is also a significant factor as the likelihood of the customers being stolen increases. There are specific legal implications for both employers and employees for requiring workers to sign noncompete agreements, and these consequences are typically positive for the former and negative for the latter. As mentioned above, employers get a guarantee that in the near future, their former employees will not help their competitors (Cihon & Castagnera, 2017). Another favorable implication for companies is that fewer employees will want to leave knowing that they will not be able to work in this niche anytime soon unless they move to another area. In case a departing employee violates the noncompete agreement, former employers at least receive compensations (Cihon & Castagnera, 2017). In other words, such legal contracts are significant and rather effective protection for companies’ trade secrets. At the same time, most workers get primarily negative implications after signing a noncompete agreement. First, their hirer may use the agreement to prevent them from leaving even though there will be no adverse consequences for the firm (Cihon & Castagnera, 2017). Then, employees may remain jobless after being fired because the document makes them wait for about a year before finding a similar job. Therefore, it is evident that noncompete agreements are a mainly stressful experience for ordinary workers. As for the case study, when making its decision, the court referred to the following facts. First, the one-year time frame in the agreement had expired, which meant that only the claim for money damages but the request for injunctive relief was not moot. Second, the application of Ohio law would violate the public policy of Nebra
United States, the original power in the word, adopts the miserable harsh interrogation and torture of the suspected terrorists and detainees. U S being suspicious about the sustainability and continuity of their position as a superior power resorts to such mal treatment. Reports say that in the United States of America the suspected terrorists who are captured will have to suffer a hell lot from the hands of people in authority. Even though there is ruling in favor of such persons the authorities never care for it. United states completely forget the age old human values when it comes to the treatment of the suspected terrorists and detainees. Ethics and morality have fully been discarded by the United States in the treatment of such people. There will be a number of negative impacts on those who undergo such worst treatment. Torture and harsh interrogation has become very prevalent in many highly developed countries especially in the United States.. The people in authority never care for morality and ethics of an action they take. They consider torture and harsh interrogation as the best method to be adopted to deal with suspected terrorists and detainees. The treatment of suspected criminals in the United States is much harsh than in any other country and is with out any regard for morality and ethics. Harsh interrogation and torture are considered as the suitable methods to treat the suspected terrorists. The idea of giving them such mal treatment is not at all advisable in the modern society where technology has advanced so much. In modern day America justifies the torture of suspected terrorists. America, in order to be secure, takes very rigorous actions against the suspected enemies. “In some cases, we determine that individuals we have captured pose a significant threat, or may have intelligence that we and our allies need to have to prevent new attacks. Many are al Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters trying to conceal their identities, and they withhold information that could save American lives. In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly [sic], questioned by experts, and — when appropriate — prosecuted for terrorist acts.” (Bush). The detainees from the war of terrorism have certain rights and protection. But this is only for name sake in most cases. The detainees have to undergo a period of harsh procedures to get liberated. But at times the court of law comes for the rescue of them. But even this won’t be much helpful as the officials would be against the idea of passing bills in favor them and it creates confusion with regard to the arrest and detention of such suspected culprits. “Washington – In a stinging rebuke to President Bush’s anti-terror policies, a deeply divided Supreme Court ruled Thursday that foreign detainees held for years at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba have the right to appeal to U.S. civilian courts to challenge their indefinite imprisonment without charges.” (Sherman). But such highhanded ruling would not always be there to assist the detainees. Persons in power, in order to secure their country from any anti social elemen
Introduction Professional nursing organizations or bodies are formed to support the field and make it easier for practitioners to achieve their objectives. These are some of the reasons why nurse practitioners (NPs) are encouraged to be part of such associations. Unfortunately, many nurses are yet to join a professional association in the United States. This paper offers a detailed analysis of the significance of professional nursing associations and the reasons why nurses should be willing to join them. Roles of Professional Organizations Catallo, Spalding, and Haghiri-Vijeh (2014) acknowledge that professional associations in the field of nursing are important since they generate ideas and share them with community members, government agencies, and practitioners. This means that they generate the required energy and ideas that can inform the nature of nursing practices. For example, they propose various issues or policies that can be examined and implemented to improve the way health and nursing services are offered in a wide range of settings. Such bodies are also known to generate ideas that can be embraced by practitioners to transform their care delivery models. This means that more nurses are empowered to achieve their potential and meet the needs of their respective patients. Professional organizations engage in proactive work to ensure that nursing remains a healthy field that supports different populations. For instance, such associations design specific regulations, clinical guidelines, and care delivery procedures that inform practice. They also offer powerful codes of conduct to their members, thereby guiding them to act in a professional manner whenever focusing on their patients’ health needs. These associations offer insights, legal protections, and the provision of resources to empower members depending on their demands (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). The society is also a beneficiary since professional bodies implement powerful measures and initiatives that advocate for the needs of both nurses and patients. This argument explains why every improved nursing process will address patients’ health needs, minimize the major diseases affecting them, and improve their livelihoods. These complex roles are, therefore, needed to maintain the status and health of nursing. Comparison of AACCN and ONS The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACCN) is an organization that brings together many acute and critical care practitioners. The body has over 100,000 members. Interested practitioners should have the right academic qualifications and certifications. They should also be dedicated and willing to support the association’s agenda. Individuals must apply in order to become part of the AACCN fraternity. There are active and affiliate members. Retirees are also encouraged to remain in the organization. Members (affiliate and active) are required to pay 78 USD annually as fees. Retired members pay 52 USD per year. The associ
Introduction Super alloy materials are a phenomenon in engineering. These materials form excellent creep resistance and properties that are maintained with varying temperatures and operating conditions. Mechanical characteristics such as toughness and chemical behavior are well maintained at these temperatures rendering them efficient in satisfying industry needs. Both mechanical and chemical properties indicate the crystalline structure and nature of these materials and their behavior to different forces. Creep is one of the properties that are improved with super alloys. A table of some of the super alloys in use today provides the microscopic behavior of some super alloys as detailed below. Literature Review High strength super alloys are characterized by excellent creep resistance when working and operating at high temperatures, excellent mechanical properties such as resistance to breakages, high tensile strengths, excellent malleability at all working temperatures, good surface stability, toughness, and other properties that are characterized by high oxidation and corrosion resistance (Furrer & Fecht, 1999). Kirkaldy and Feldman (1991) argue that super alloys are formed from bases compounds such as Nickel-iron. A detailed analysis of super alloys shows that these materials are chemically characterized by face centered cubic arrangements with a crystalline nature. Super alloying was a field whose development was driven by technical demands in the aerospace industry, marine turbine industry, gas turbines, and power industries. In addition to that, chemical and process innovations have over time played a key role in the development of super alloys (Furrer & Fecht, 1999). These industries use technical devices that operate against high forces which tend to deform materials used for their construction. In addition to that, lateral forces that act on these devices, tensile strains, corrosion resulting from chemical reactions in the process were some of the demands that led to the development of super alloys. When fuels undergo combustion to release energy, endothermic reactions take place resulting in the release of large amounts of energy in the process. In addition to that, high temperatures are achieved in the process creating a catalytic environment for chemical reactions to take place. These reactions result in corrosion and deformation forces acting on the power transmission system. These forces have to be overcome constructively while resistance to corrosion should be inhibited. These materials possess excellent corrosion resistance abilities suiting them for such environments. A discussion into the chemical and process developments of super alloys could afford information on the chemical compositions of super alloys, and the effects of the historical development on the operating characteristics particularly the operating temperatures of these materials and their improvements with time. Chemical Developments When material operates at high temperatures, their creep values ar
Introduction The poem of T.S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is picaresque due to the way it sounds and provides lines of changes appeared to the main character in the poem. The plot of the poem concerns the story of a man reasoning on his life and its peculiarities at the moment and supposed changes in the future. One should be able to designate the stream-of-consciousness technique by T. S. Eliot. This method is relevant to Modernism and the philosophy of Henry Bergson. Thus, the puppet film on this poem is possible to make up due to the vortex of different changes that a narrator experiences in his “love story.” Main body It is a peculiarity of genre that this poem comprises lots of events that are going around one person only. In this respect it is better to pay attention to the main characters of the would-be puppet film. The characters are as follows:   * J. Alfred Prufrock – He tries to understand his willingness to find out love when meeting a woman to please his expectations. He provides personal reasoning on this problem going far beyond triviality of the love issue.   * A woman – This character is supposed to be imaginary in most cases. She is allegedly flying in the dreams of the main character constantly talking of Michelangelo. This woman is desired by J. Alfred Prufrock. Hence, she constantly present in his imagination.   * Footman – he gives a coat to the main character in his imaginary wanderings down the street. It has an outlook of an old and respectful man in his field of activities.   * Crowd – These multiple characters are supposed to direct a sad man to what he is seeking for.   * Mermaids – These creatures are thought of pleasing the look of a sad man on the reality. They are signing satisfying inner world of J. Alfred Prufrock. Once the main characters are done, it is about time to think of the decorations. It is a matter of the way the poem narrates. Thus, the narrative presupposes the essence of the street, first of all. In this respect one should prepare decorations in the form of several buildings, street lamps, and, perhaps, shades of other persons walking the street. The second is considered with the decorations for different weather on the street. It means that the fog and the dusk should be represented, as imitated drawn pictures. To lay more emphasis on the live performance of what is happening in the episode as for fog, it is better to provide decorations in motion. In the bellow mentioned episode they need to show different movements: The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes, The ye
Introduction Roller derby, being an actively played game, would require players who have enough energy to face it. The players would most likely be enthusiastic and adaptable to maneuver in the game easily. Energy and flexibility are requisite for jammers, blockers, and pivot to be able to accomplish individual responsibilities in the team. Main body Such a player should also be aggressive in the game. A game which involves balancing, pushing, and shaving requires an aggressive person to succeed in such a play. The player should have a passion to make the game enjoyable. I also think that the player should be resistant and persistent at the same time. He or she should be resistant to the adversities of the grueling game and persistent to performing his or her obligations in it. Roller derby is a game full of physical activity, which requires tough individuals. A player should be tough enough to handle the challenges, resistance, and even injuries. He or she should be able to handle the tension, push forward, and face the opponents. They should always be tough enough to gain what they want in the game. However, there is some difference between female and male professional players. Female players have smaller muscle fibers with lower testosterone levels than men do. Females also have considerably faster strength than males with lesser muscle capacity. Female professionals, therefore, will have less energy activated from the muscles. A female professional player will also differ from a man concerning endurance. For instance, females have lower endurance than men do because men’s aerobic capacity is greater. This implies that female players are less aggressive than men are since men can endure longer. Males also have a difference with females in body mass. For example, there exists a difference in thermoregulation between females and males. Women tend to sweat less as compared to men, owing to their higher body fat, and lose heat through other avenues. There are also similarities between female and male professional players. Female and male players have equal muscle fibers and, therefore, have equal muscle strength. Female and male players can generate equal energy per muscle. They also have similar strength increase and, thus, can develop the same resistance. In addition, female and male players can be of the same physical characteristics such as height and weight. They can also gain equal tactical process in the game. Roller derby has received different perception in different quotas. In my school, roller derby has been held with high esteem. This game is mainly for girls, but men have also been accepted to participate in it. Derby athletes are perceived as pleasant achievers, especially when they win over other competitors. In their training programs, girl teams mainly engage in game practice while boys capitalize on building their muscle ability. The interest to participate in the game or to watch is mainly a p