ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A brief overview of Cox’s article Michael Cox’s article is devoted to America’s political power and influence all over the world. The author specifies how the major political events the world experienced increased US international influence. US military supremacy is regarded as the key argument in Cox’s conception of a powerful American Empire . However, it should be noted that the idea of US international power is considered to be rather ambiguous. For instance, the author gives readers an opportunity to trace back not only a variety of events America took part in but also the consequences of these events for the country’s future. According to the author, acting like the British and Romans is the most appropriate way to establish a new political era. Therefore, the cruel war of peace is recognized to be the most effective way the USA relies on order “to protect and enlarge the empire of liberty” (Boot 2002). The idea of an American Empire as a hotly debated issue Some of the historians are of the opinion that the United States cannot be accepted as an empire on the basis of several reasons. These involve other nations’ power, the impact of global economic growth, territorial divisions, and the general complexity of the world. Cox is deeply concerned about theoretical weaknesses and dangerous policy implications in relation to the discussed idea. Thus, the author’s viewpoint on the idea of American imperialism seems to be quite aggressive, as he clarifies that the phrase an American Empire should not be associated with world domination . In other words, there is an incorrect understanding of the term, which prevents a proper understanding of the idea of an American Empire. The US economy in relation to other countries The key actor’s Cox points out in his article are Europe and China. Thus, he highlights their importance within economic perspectives. On the other hand, the author also analyses the economic power the USA possesses. He provides readers with certain statistical data on the US economy in relation to the whole world. The government of the USA affects shaping the material environment. Cox explains that the United States’ economic power is extremely important, as the fate of the world depends upon the American Empire . So, when speaking about the war in Iraq, one is to keep in mind that in this war, the USA thinks about the whole world, as the country’s military actions will allow reducing oil prices for all nations. To assure readers of his conclusions, Cox refers to the opinion of Wade on the US power in relation to the international system. Thus, according to Wade (2003), “America has the ability to determine the fate of the region, and by so doing, reinforce its central role in the wider world system.” Conclusion Any empire has two ways to follow: on the one hand, if an empire is able just to repress or exploit – it will not survive (Cox 2004); on the other hand, keeping the interests of others can bring about many positive outcomes. It seems to be evident tha
Introduction Stress is a psychological concept it cannot be touched or perceived directly because it is the emotional and physical strain caused to us when we respond to some indirect pressure from the outer world (Stress, 2008a). Stress is usually caused due to some imbalance on the mental and physical conditions which varies from how person to person takes it. Stress makes a person unable to make decisions particularly when he is subjected to workload in operational settings where the stakes are high and data are ambiguous. Stress is doubled or tripled whenever there are time constraints like noise, workload, or threat which can play havoc with the clear thinking needed in work settings (Driskell & Salas, 1996, p. 49). Stress is an intrinsic element of human biology, psychology, social relationships and organisational structures and is therefore a predictable consequence of being human and alive. In order to reflect on how we might wish to safeguard ourselves from the more deleterious effects of stress, it is first necessary to accommodate this fact psychologically and emotionally. However, not all stress results in a negative outcome. Stress that motivates us to push against the limits of our human experience or learning that we perceive as challenging rather than debilitating is called ‘eustress’. Eustress stimulates teachers to develop their professional competence and perform their roles more effectively. Pressure and stress come from two main sources, from the outside world and from within oneself. Stress from the environment comes in the shape of unexpected life events, the strain of ongoing, unsatisfactory circumstances, and from daily hassles. Internal sources of stress are unconscious and self-imposed and can come from an ill-maintained, sensitive, or ailing body, from faulty learning, which results in problem behaviours and habits, and finally, from maladaptive patterns of thinking and erroneous beliefs about oneself or one’s world. External risks on stress include ill health, problem behaviours, or faulty thinking that can exacerbate the impact of external events, ongoing life circumstances, or daily mishaps (Flanagan, 1990, p. 23). Personal causes of stress include accidents, psychological disorders due to some mishap, death of a family member or loved one, financial issues and so on. Symptoms The symptoms include tension, mental instability, and lack of concentration, depression, excessive workload, family problems, personal problems, and sometimes physical diseases. Cognitive Symptoms: The cognitive side of stress includes memory problems, inability to take decisions, lack of confidence, viewing everything from the negative aspect, uncertainty, anxious thoughts and fearful anticipation. Emotional Symptoms: the emotional drawbacks are loneliness, restlessness, being unhappy with the present situations and inability to take rest or relax. Physical Symptoms: Physically in stress the person is subjected to over eating or eating disorder, headaches, migraine, nausea, diarrhoea, unnecessary weight loss or gain, insomnia,
The article under consideration is Inflation Rise Hits US Consumers posted at bbc.co.uk, 29 February 2008. The main focus of the article’s concern is the inflation rise that US economics experiences now and the impact it has on US consumer spending. It is stated in the article that personal spending rose 0.4% during January 2008 that significantly succeeds the economists’ expectations, whereas “a key gauge of inflation rose 0.4%, with shoppers spending more on food and fuel.” (bbc.co.uk.) Parkin and Bade suggest the following definition of inflation in their Foundations of Economics: Inflation is an upward movement in the average level of prices. Its opposite is deflation, a downward movement in the average level of prices. The boundary between inflation and deflation is price stability (12). In general, inflation is usually seen as an increase in the price of a basket of goods and services that serves as a representative of the economy as a whole. The graphs below suggest a graphical demonstration of the current US inflation in food and energy. CPI Inflation: Food. CPI Inflation: Energy. US economists predict a danger of stagflation in the state. This concept is a neologism of the 1970s formed by combining stagnation with inflation; it implies the situation where the economy is not growing, accompanied by high inflation. The current situation in the US economy is that it faces “significant inflationary pressures because of record oil prices which have pushed up the price of petrol and heating oil. “ (One-Minute World News) Below is the diagram that characterizes US inflation in general: However, as the article goes on, Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke states that no stagflation should be expected, instead, oil, metals, and food prices will rise. The article informs that US economic growth dropped sharply in the last three months of 2007 after spending on new housing collapsed. Here is the situation with US economic growth: US economic growth. BBS claims that In the past few years, the US economy has been growing strongly. But recent troubles in the housing and credit markets have hit the economy hard, with growth slowing sharply at the end of 2007. Economic forecasts suggest that the US growth in 2008 could be cut by half to about 1.5% (One-Minute World News). Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which deal with mortgage lenders to help people get lower housing costs and better access to home financing (and guarantee about 45 % of US mortgages) report huge net losses for 2007 and forecast further bad news because of the increase of the glut of unsold homes. As a result of this situation house prices, drop and mortgage defaults stack up. Analysts claim that consumer spending should remain robust in order to prevent the economy from a recession. Still, the article suggests that consumers are being squeezed too far. It ends with Robert Brusca of FAO Economics’s saying that. It is a weak picture of the consumer. Income growth, the raw material for spending, is fading (bbc.co.uk.). Works Cited “ Inflation Rise Hits US Consumers. ”
On the whole, the article by Yasuda, Zhang, and Huang (2008) indeed points out an important issue: that there sometimes exist racial differences in the effects of various medications, including side effects. Furthermore, it should be stressed that racial differences in medical care also exist in a variety of other aspects. For instance, Dickson, Knafl, Wald, and Riegel (2015) mention that representatives of various races may tend have different levels of understanding of their health conditions and different rates of medication adherence; for instance, Black individuals tend to have a lower degree of understanding of such a problem as health failure, as well as worse medication adherence than White persons. Also, medics prescribe different treatments to people of different races for some reason (not due to clinical or sociodemographic characteristics) (Dickson et al., 2015); this requires further investigation (as the authors of the article point out), but should probably be kept in mind when caring for patients of different races. The findings of both Yasuda et al. (2008) and Dickson et al. (2015) may be applied in clinical practice. The racial differences in the response to different drugs should be taken into account when prescribing medications and treatments, for instance, if the potential risk and impact of side effects may be crucial. The differences in medication adherence might be a reason to pay more attention when providing care for Black patients on medication regimens, ensuring that they take their medicines as appropriate.
General Mills is an American company that manufactures consumer goods, including breakfast cereal, yogurt, snack foods, and others. The firm is considered a successful representative of the given kind of business, and its rich history supports this idea. However, past performance is not sufficient to predict how the company will develop in a while. That is why it is reasonable to identify the firm’s strengths and weaknesses to predict its future, and the SWOT analysis is a suitable tool to achieve it. External Environment Analysis To begin with, one should draw attention to Porter’s Five Forces model. This approach helps identify the industry’s attractiveness and the probability of obtaining profits (Mind Tools Content Team, 2009). As for General Mills, its sphere of business features intense rivalry because significant competitors include ConAgra, Kellogg, Kraft Heinz, and others. This fact indicates that there is a threat that buyers and suppliers will find working with these competitors more beneficial for them. However, General Mills offers products of high quality and reasonable prices, which provides them with many customers. Consequently, the company has substantial buyer power that is another element of Porter’s model (Mind Tools Content Team, 2009). In addition to that, it is reasonable to use PEST analysis to assess General Mills’ remote environment. On the one hand, one should consider health consciousness that is a part of social factors (Quick MBA, 2007). Since more people draw attention to healthy nutrition, it will drive them to buy the products of General Mills. On the other hand, economic factors, including exchange rates, are also of significance (Quick MBA, 2007). It is so because the company distributes its goods to a few foreign markets, and different exchange rates can result in some problems for General Mills. Considering the information above, one can state that it is challenging to assess the overall environment for General Mills unanimously. If one uses a 1-10 ranking system for this purpose, the company will get 7. It is so because there are both positive and negative predictors, but the advantages, including the buyer power and health consciousness, are said to have a more significant impact. Internal Analysis One should mention that the internal environment of General Mills has a few productive phenomena. It is challenging to identify significant weaknesses of the company, and that is why it impresses with various strengths. Firstly, it refers to a numerous workforce that includes app
Introduction Corporate governance refers to the set of laws, guidelines, customs, procedures, and institutions, which guide the governance in a company or corporation, control, or direction. In addition, it includes the stakeholder’s relationships, as well as the goals which guide the corporation. Vital stakeholders in a corporation include the community involved, creditors, clients, employees, suppliers, and shareholders. While discussing Azerbaijan’s corporate governance failure, it is worth noting that the subject is multi- faceted. An extremely vital concern for corporate governance is safeguarding the answerability of people within the organization. Strategies, which get rid of or minimise the key- agent challenge, are essential in accomplishing this. There is an aspect within the subject of corporate governance that assesses the result of corporate governance on economic efficiency. In regard to this, there is a keen assertion on the welfare of shareholders. This paper aims at analysing the failures in Azerbaijan’s corporate governance. Failures in Azerbaijan’s Corporate Governance There are several evident characteristics which can be associated with the development and implementation of the joint stock institutions, in addition to Azerbaijan’s corporate governance. The Selected Privatisation Model and Practice have various characteristics. The shareholders lack knowledge in regard to economic areas, which are concerned with corporate governance and joint stock institutions. According to Monks and Nell (70), another key characteristic is inevitable shareholder syndrome. During the privatisation process for enterprises, managers mostly acquire reasonable share portions and people with an interest in the enterprise via corruption. Other violation forms are also used to accomplish this. Consequently, the enterprise has no option but to be under their control. Shareholders who possess less share portions have mass violations of their rights. This results from the immense gaps and conflicting legislation areas. This leads to violation of small investors’ rights. The management of leading companies is in favour of the principal shareholders’ interests. Therefore, there is half- willingness to cater for small shareholder’s shares. Most of the times, small and principal shareholders have a conflict of interests, because key shareholders have a tendency of transforming the company’s legal and organizational form through liquidating it (Monks and Nell 54). The law enforcement institutions and the judicial systems are extremely corrupt, resulting to poor legal and judicial infrastructure in companies. The system should enforce and protect property rights, but it is exceptionally unstable. This leads to broader share concentration occurrence. The rate of the discipline and culture of contracts is extremely low (Weismann 634). The market institutions have characteristics of poor growth. Moreover, the reforms lag behind, leading to poor economic growth. The level of liquidity is exceedingly low, and the securities market develops exceptiona
Introduction Australia has experienced an increasing number of immigrants and refugees for more than three centuries now. During 18th and 19th centuries, most immigrants who came to Australia were Europeans and Chinese. These immigrants came to colonize Australia in a bid to obtain land for settlement, deport prisoners, and exploit gold. From 1890 to 1970, the colonial government of Australia introduced White Australia Policy, which restricted immigration of non-Europeans. However, during the 1970s and 1980s, Australia adopted multicultural policy that led to increased Asian refugees. In the late 20th century, world unrest in places such as East Timor, Yugoslavia, Jakarta, South Africa, Argentina, coupled with the rise of communism in Europe created a large number of refugees and immigrants who increased the population of Australia. Sudan’s Civil War and Afghanistan’s War on Terror contributed a large number of refugees and immigrants in the 21th century. According to Craig (1999), Australia has received over 500,000 refugees in the past 50 years (p.4). Due to a large number of refugees that Australia is hosting, Refugee Council of Australia (RCA) is currently having over 130 organizational members that support the process of offering essential services to refugees. Survey carried out showed that health, housing, and education are essential services that refugees require in Auburn, New South Wales (NSW). Health Services Survey carried out showed refugees in Auburn require more health services, for they face many health challenges. Realizing that refugees have many health issues, Australian ministry of health prepared strategic policy in 1999 to provide a framework for NSW healthcare system to deliver appropriate health care services that suit the needs of refugees. Strategic policy aimed at enabling refugees to receive multilingual information from NSW healthcare system, access comprehensive health assessment, closely link with health professionals and access health professional interpreters who speak the native language of refugees. Craig (1999) argues that, refugees need a comprehensive health strategy because they have traumatized experiences and are most vulnerable to diseases; hence, they should access health care services promptly (p.6). Therefore, strategic policy ensured that refugees have access to health care services and alleviate their vulnerability to health problems. After the successful implementation of the strategic policy of 1999, the Australian government noted that refugees demanded more health services, which prompted it to prepare NSW Refugee Health Plan for 2011 to 2016. According to Stewart (2011), the health plan is a comprehensive plan that aims at improving health status and welfare of refugees in NSW by ensuring accessibility of health care services (p.8). To enhance accessibility of health care services, the Refugee Health Plan recognizes complex medical needs of refugees and thus incorporate elements of culture and language as some of the factors that need consideration in the effective delivery of health care
How to Write a University Level Essay A university entry-level essay ought o portray the potential qualifications of the applicant. Writing an article meant to sell good personal traits might be a challenging task, especially when one lacks enough information regarding the challenge, lacks preparation, or has no guidelines regarding the procedures. This paper provides a simple guideline for writing the essay in the reasoning that the procedure is enjoyable and easy. The college entrance essay has a clear and often common title, and the writer must expound on it thoroughly. Although general, the title forms the paper’s thesis and therefore requires concentrated research. When the essay provides one with the luxury of choosing a topic of interest, it is fundamental for one to read intensively before writing. Some topics might be boring to research, but this ought to be the only option out of the challenge. It is a procedure that helps in changing ones’ heart regarding an approach to the given topic and enables one to have an open mind with widely and well-sorted ideas that enable one to have a different angle of events over the dislikes of the study subject. Secondly, one must perform an analysis of the events once equipped with the necessary data regarding the subject matter. They form the base to argument the topic and distinguish the facts from hypothetical conclusions. There is an urgent need for exploring any weaknesses and noting any strength found in the research one conducts to form strong opinions for the essay. According to my personal opinion, a good writer is equally a vivacious reader. During the writing, it is also important to discuss and brainstorm the ideas to have better insight over matters projecting from the research and analysis. The gathering of ideas occurs slowly and sequentially, thus, one needs to spend enough time at this stage. It may entail discussions or time breaks before embarking on further research. The writer should opt for this measure to gain perspective and clarity of the topic. The next procedure involves narrowing down ideas to a clear assertion referred to as a thesis statement. The statement is the whole essay wrapped up in one or two sentences to form the direction of the whole paper. It means that one must build an essay around the thesis statement. The statement grabs the reader’s attention over the preconceived ideas regarding the writing. The writer ought to use a practical or fictional outline since it provides th