ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Background Designing a viable human resource (HR) strategy and promoting sustainable human resource management (HRM) is an essential requirement that any company operating in the realm of the global market must comply with. Goals The paper is aimed at evaluating the HRM approach adopted by the H manager of Company X. By identifying the current trends and addressing the benefits and the drawbacks of the policy implemented by the organization, one is likely to locate the patterns in the contemporary HR tools development, the problem areas that need to be addressed, and the possible solutions for the emergent problems. Questions The interview will incorporate three questions, which the HR manager will be invited to respond to:  1. What tools do you use to measure strategic HRM for its effectiveness?  2. What inconsistencies between theory and practice can you define?  3. How do you define value measurement tools and evaluate the overall performance rates? Strategic HRM Approach RBV as the Key Tool When defining the course of the contemporary HRM progress, one must mention the RBV theory as the foundation for the existing assessment practices. According to the existing definition, the RBV framework implies that the competitive advantage of the entrepreneurship should rise after investing in its human resources. The interview indicated that the HR executive has been using the RBV theory as the key to developing a coherent evaluation system for years. However, according to the executive, the theory under analysis has been failing the organization for quite a while, triggering a string of unsuccessful project outcomes. Seeing that the reasons for the issue to occur varied from the lack of control over the team and the processes in it to the members misunderstanding their roles and responsibilities, it can be assumed that the RBV theory has nearly worn out its welcome in the environment of the 2016 global economy. The issues faced by the executive are, in fact not as singular as they might seem – studies show that there has been a surge in the number of HRM measurement tools (Lussier & Handon, 2014). Nevertheless, the company managed to locate the HRM measurement strategy that works quite well in the target environment. As the respondent explained in the interview, choosing the tool that would help evaluate the effects of the HRM approach on differe
The adherence problem is mainly caused by high drug prices, which can be solved either by drug price rate regulations or by providing medical aid to patients without sufficient resources. Nurses should always ask if a patient can afford the desired medicine. It will ensure that there will be full adherence to the treatment, but if a patient cannot afford the medication, nurses should provide the most effective treatment for the patient’s financial situation. Therefore, the most important recommendation for nurses is to be able to design alternative treatments adjusted to patients’ needs (Gipson, Kelly, McKinney, & White, 2017). It will lead to the overall improvement in adherence without which the most effective treatment procedures are useless. The affordability factor can only be influenced by either lowering the cost or increasing the income. The latter is impossible to integrate on the national scale, which makes low-cost drugs a priority. The best plausible solution is to remove or reduce the amount of patent-related regulations because the patented product does not operate in the competitive market. This leads to an uncontrolled drug price increase, which is a similar occurrence in monopolistic organizations (Gipson et al., 2017). Patented drugs should be rewarded by a shorter exclusion timeframe, which is compensated with monetary rewards. This will eliminate the risk of research motivation loss; however, it will allow other competitor companies to produce drugs, which reduces the inflated medication price. Because several patients do not inform advanced practice nursing clinicians on the causes of cost-related medication non-adherence, nurses should encourage the discussion of the given topic. The prescription process must be modified to be highly patient-oriented, which will solve the issue of affordability and alternative planning (Hammond, Chiu, Painter, & Meena, 2018). The primary approach should be focused on an open discussion, which can be achieved by making the conversation on finances as comfortable as possible because it is a delicate topic. In addition, patients should be informed of the downsides of choosing less expensive treatments and drugs to allow them to make a conscious and deliberate choice. If a person’s insurance does not cover medications, but he/she needs them for the proper treatm
Security experts often posit that the greatest terrorist threat to the so-called western countries of Europe and North America come from homegrown violent extremists (HVEs). To give due credit, even though the number of plots developed by HVEs sympathetic to various extremist causes including racism, anti-Semitism, and jihadism, have increased in recent years, federal and state security officials have also improved in their disruption. However, given the potential adverse effects of a single case, it is essential to critically review the countermeasures employed by security officials to combat HVE threats. Social media and the internet may be supporting the existence and continued operation of HVEs. Nance (2014) essentially defined HVEs as individuals who, rather than travel abroad to fight for a foreign-based terrorist organization, remain home to conduct terrorist attacks. The term has been widely used to refer to individuals who are sympathetic to terrorist groups such as the al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, as well as right-wing extremists. In rare cases, these HVEs maybe unaffiliated with any groups, but push their terrorist agenda. They are often inspired and motivated to act on propaganda on the internet and social media, and sometimes interact with like-minded people, or get influenced on these platforms. Terrorist attacks, at first glance, may appear spontaneous and random, giving the feeling that they may be impossible to predict or stop. The increasing sheer number of terrorist attacks instigated by HVEs, and wide range of extremist agendas being pushed further reinforces this impression. The attacks that the Islamic State has claimed responsibility for seemingly holding to this notion as well. For instance, in July of 2016, a French citizen, Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel drove a truck through a promenade, killing 84 civilians and injuring at least 300 more in Nice, France (Armstrong, Derrick, Hienz, Ligon, & Southers, 2019). The individual, despite having no formal ties to the Islamic State, was sympathetic to the terrorist group and had executed the attack in their name. The Frequency and Response to HVE Attacks The prevalence of HVEs sympathetic to notable terrorist groups and extremist ideals have increased in recent years. Dauber and Robinson (2019) assert that since 2014, individuals supporting specifically the Islamic State have attempted 455 attacks outside of the declared territories of Syria, Iraq, and other countries. These are widely referred to as external operations. However, Dauber and Robinson (2019) note that these figures represent both successful terror strikes, as well as plots that were thwarted through the intervention of law enforcement personnel. The schemes that were disrupted through military raids in Iraq or Syria against notable Islamic State instigators and planners are, however, not included. Of the reported 455 attempted terrorist attacks, 80% or an esti
Abstract This research was investigating a possible link between marriage and increased physical health. Current research indicates that individuals who are part of a strong marital relationship experience increased benefits to their health with lower complaints of chronic or long term illness or physical handicaps. The research also indicated an additional correlation among marriage, physical well being and religion. This combination of life choices results in an increased quality of life as well as an increased life span. Additional research needs to be performed to ensure that this correlation is more then a statistical anomaly. This research demonstrates the correlation in order to provide a basis for future research. Introduction This research paper is attempting to answer the question Does a decline in health affect the marital quality reported by the sick person or by the spouse, as well as what factors moderate the effects of health declines on marital quality. This research is important because it would provide an increased understanding of one of the many factors that can affect a marital relationship. By understanding the relationship between health and marital well being additional support programs could be developed to decrease the negative marital effects that the prolonged illnesses of one spouse can cause. Humans are social creatures who have experience a wide variety of benefits when involved in social relationships. These relationships provide a variety of benefits such as companionship, shared resources and increased health benefits. When researching social relationships it is shown that the marital relationship provides the greatest significance for improving health when compared to those that are unmarried (Umberson, et al, 2006). However it wrong to assume that any marriage is better then no marriage when considering these health benefit. A marriage that has increased levels of stress or other negative connotations is believed to dame the health and well being of the individuals living through that situation (Umberson, et al, 2006). Among married individuals those that chose to describe there relationship as a distressed relationship exhibited a greater risk for poor health. This risk for poor health when compared to individuals who had experienced a divorce demonstrated a higher risk for poor health then the divorced individual (Umberson, et al, 2006). In scripture the following quote can be used to understand the relationship between a good marriage and good health. “Behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will cure them, and will reveal unto them the abundance of peace and truth” (Jer 33:6). When individuals are experiencing large amounts of stress or unhappiness one of the first things to suffer is their health. This scripture while speaking of Jesus could also be used in describing marriages. When a couple creates better communication strategies and begins to repair their marriage the health of the two individuals begins to improve. While this could be as slight an improvement as the decrease in high blood pressure these small changes can add up to increased health benefits. When individuals are
Logic Studies show that the radix sort algorithm was first used in 1887 by Herman Hollerith to perform computations on tabulating machines. Dalton et al. claim that radix is a sorting algorithm that uses passes to sort numbers or integers instead of using the classical method of comparisons (25). Radix sort can use the bucket sort or bin sort logic. The logic of operation involves sorting a series of numbers repeatedly by utilizing the digital properties of numbers. The sorting process starts from the rightmost digit based on the key (string or word) or the positions of the numbers being sorted. Each key is determined by its base number representation. Because different pieces of keys are fixed in size, each key holds a fixed number of values. If R represents different possible values, then the sizes vary according to the series 0, 1, 2…, R-1. Typically, “the key can be defined as a radix-R number, with digits numbered from the left (starting at 0)” (Dalton et al. 26). It has been suggested that good hardware support provides an appropriate environment to implement the radix sort algorithm. Reasoning The radix sorting algorithm has two specific modes of operation. The first one involves examining the key with its corresponding digits in a left-to-right order. This technique is referred to as the most-significant-digit (MSD) radix sorts (Albutiu et al. 1065). Often, the MSD approach is the most preferred sorting technique. MSD sort optimizes the lexicographical order based on the minimum amount of information. The original order of the duplicate keys needs not be kept but it follows a sequence that begins with the most significant digit, which is followed by the left most digit before shifting to the least-most digit and gradually to the right most digit. The files can be sorted recursively by partitioning them into sub-files using the sorted digits. LSD Radix Sort The second method is the least significant digit (LSD) radix sorts. LSD radix sort works in the opposite way to MSD radix sort. LSD radix sorts the integers from the least to the most significant digit. With LSD, short keys are given a higher priority than long keys. By considering a typical example like “b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, ba” characters, it lexicographically becomes “b, ba, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j”. The original order of the keys is usually kept when using the LSD sorting technique. LSD is non-recursive while MSD is recursive. Besides, MSD consumes more memory than LSD. For the LSDRadixSort(R) algorithm, suppose a set of input values is supplied consisting of R = , whose length is m in the alphabetical range of [0…α], the output occurs in the lexicographical order of the following pseudo code: for l ← m − 1 to 0 do CountingSort(R, l) Return R Example: Suppose the original unsorted number is: 171, 45, 75, 92, 802, 2, 25, 66, using the least significant digit results in 171, 92, 802, 2, 25, 45 , 75, 66, while noting that 802 has been kept because 802 comes before 2. If sorted by 10 digits, it comes to 802, 2, 25, 45, 66, 171, 75, 92, and if sorted by 100, it becomes 2, 25, 45, 66, 75, 92, 171, 802. The time complexity of the above sorting
Introduction In tackling various public problems, legislators formulate public policies and they implement the formulated public policies to effect some change in the performance as well as the behavior of the target group. The aim of most legislators is to ensure that the change brought about by the implementation of a policy will ameliorate certain public problems. According to Bourgon, policy implementation is an operational phase involving the translation of the policy into action with the aim of solving the targeted public problem (2008, p.15). Several tools and practices are essential in the implementation of public policies ant their success depends entirely on the efficiency of the government in implementation process. The requirements of successful policy implementation Governments achieve results of public policies by employing a mix of instruments including laws, regulations, credits, tax, and social marketing. Another important tool that governments employ before commencing the implementation process is consultation. Although it is the responsibility of the governments to ensure that the implementation process is successful, other organizations play a pivotal role in ensuring that the process is a success. Policy makers need to work through vast networks of organizations, both within and outside the government, to achieve the targeted public outcome (Bourgon, 2008, p.42). Democratic principles are very important in enhancing the success of the process; actually, democracy allows proper parliamentary insights, encourages transparency by guaranteeing access to information on the implementation process, and ensures holders of public offices are accountable for exercise of power besides facilitating access to government for its support in the process. Moreover, democratic principles encourage public participation in the policy cycle by ensuring strong support for government initiatives. However, each of these tools and practices has its own demerits. Seeking public opinion in policymaking is an important aspect; nevertheless, however, it poses some threats to the process in that, it may delay the policy makers’ decisions thus preventing timely action. Single-interest groups may hijack the consultation process making it to lose its meaning. In democratic nations, the choice of leaders lies in the influence that an individual political leader has on the masses. This can lead to the election of a leader who may influence the citizens’ opinion on certain aspects of a policy thus influencing the implementation process as in the case study. In successive governments, policy implementation depends on the political will, policy choices, and political decisions of the new government (Haynes, 2003, p.81). Consequently, tools and practices that might have worked in previous governments may not be effective during
Introduction The issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR), manifested as a firm’s caring endeavours for its workers, stakeholders and the environment, is of momentous value for academics and contemporary business practitioners (Delios, 2010). Prevalent external observations that a firm continually engages in socially irresponsible practices often bring undesirable ramifications for the firm in question, since external literature demonstrates that an entity’s success – indeed its survival in the harshly competitive business environment – largely depends on satisfying normative demands and expectations arising from the environment (Lange & Washburn, 2012). When organisational action on social and environmental domains seems ethically untenable to the standards set by stakeholders and other constituents, the firm not only risks losing key members of staff and potential employees, but also its outside endorsement, reputation and support, as well as its customers and investors (Raman, 2007). T hrough highlighting Coca Cola’s CSR initiatives, the present paper purposes to demonstrate that social responsibility, rather than economic conquest, provides the needed impetus for modern-day organisations to reach the pinnacle of business success. Coca Cola: Precursors to its Social Responsibility Initiatives With a huge and sustained presence in thousands of communities across more than 200 countries worldwide, Coca Cola, headquartered in Atlanta, is undoubtedly the world’s largest multinational corporation interested in the soft drinks and beverage industry (Madhavan, 2012). In 2010, the corporation was ranked in the 70 th position by Fortun
Abstract This case study paper explores the challenges faced by leaders in different organizations. The characters of unethical charismatic leaders, which make them withstand critics and have avid followers, are highlighted in the first case study. In addition, factors that limit the board of directors and the chief executive, in making of decision that influence the running of an organization, are discussed in the second case study. Introduction Charismatic leaders have the ability to win many followers on their side. They create a strong emotional bond with their followers. On the other hand, unethical charismatic leaders can lead their followers towards pursuing and endeavoring in detrimental visions and goals. On this first case study, the characters of these leaders that make them cope with criticisms are outlined. The upper-echelon of leadership in an organization includes the chief executive office, the president, the board of directors and the executive managers. These top management executives create the policies of the organization and identify new opportunity in the market. They interact with the external factors and internal factors that affect the operation of the organization. These leaders face tough challenges as they conduct their duties. These challenges are enlisted in the second case study of the Board of Directors (BOD) and CEO’s. Standing up to a Charismatic but Unethical Leader Charismatic is the ability of person to possess extraordinary power to attract other people. In this case, a leader can command a large following by virtue of being charismatic (Nahavandi, 2011, p. 215). A strong bond holds both charismatic leaders and their followers together. This bond created can cause them to participate in ill-mannered activities at worst the followers can commit suicide. Both ethical and unethical charismatic leaders have some common characters. They all have self-confidence and enthusiasm in their service. In addition, they use their oratory skills to present their message and drum support from their followers (Avolio & Gardner, 2005, p. 320). In addition, they are truly passionate about actions and use “catchy” words to draw support from people who join them in their vision. In the same breath, they create witty messages that they present to their followers to win them (Nahavandi, 2011, p. 255). They also portray themselves, as a role model, to their followers by following what they believe in, fearlessly. Therefore, their followers imitate them in all dimensions of their life. Moreover, they use a unique symbol in order to enhance their popularity. For instance, Hitler used a symbol of raising a finger in order to gain popularity. Followers of these leaders pay their total loyalty to them. They imitate them in all aspects of their life such as dressing style, mannerism and behavior (Avolio & Gardner, 2005, p. 315). They have confidence in their
Introduction Responsibility does not mean having tasks to perform but rather it refers to the character of being answerable and ready to face the consequences of one’s choices in life. A responsible person portrays several characters like self-restraint, being accountable for everything he does, pursuing excellence and being reliable. Responsibility is the act of doing the right thing out of will and not because you are being monitored. Accountability Responsibility comes with being accountable. Thus, when one makes a mistake he refrains from making excuses for doing the mistakes, but rather admits and makes the necessary correction. In the case of a student, he analyses his performances in class and is always seeking means to improve and make his performance in class better. He takes the initiative to read ahead of the teacher without being asked to do so. Moreover, if he does not understand anything in class he takes the initiative to seek out information from fellow students or even the lecturer until he understands clearly. In summary being accountable refers to being assertive, listening, offering and inviting feedback in any undertaking and question for clarification to facilitate their understanding. They always have to think of the result or the consequences of their actions before they engage in them to evaluate whether they are value adding or not. Excellence The best example of what it means to pursue excellence is the way a responsible employee will always seek to perform his duties better, with due care and professionalism even when not under the scrutiny of his employer. In addition, the employee will not persevere and not quit to the time he accomplishes his responsibilities. They are always prepared to undertake any responsibility assigned to them with due diligence. Thus, for example a student has to persevere and cope with the burden of many assignments, and not quit until he passes his exams. Self-reliant Self-restraint is also an aspect of being responsible, which is the act of practising restraint on one’s behaviour, feelings and emotions. It implies that a person should be disciplined in personal and social behaviours and matters. A self-restraint individual is one that takes charge of his own life and sets realistic goals. This also means that one is careful and disciplined with health, feelings and time. An individual is also said to be self-restraint if he is rational in that he acts out of reason, unlike emotions or anger, or revenge. In the case of a parent he knows the difference between what he has a right to and what needs to be done, for example, he may have the right to use the money he has for enjoyment but rather has to use it to educate his child because this is the right thing to be done. Reliability Finally, a responsible person is reliable in that he always keeps his words and promises. In the case of an employer he always keeps, his word to his employees and n