ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This plan aims to improve the preoperative health status of orthopedic surgical patients to improve surgical outcomes in a hospital setting. The implementation plan will take 2 months as shown in the table below: Activity                                                                                               Time Duration Systematic review                                                                                      1 week        Creation of awareness                                                                                  1 week        Gathering the resources                                                                                1 week        Collaborative modification of the hospital’s preoperative assessment for orthopedic surgical patients  1 week        Quasi-experimental study design                                                                        One month     Analysis of the results                                                                                2 weeks       Informing practice to roll out a major change of the hospital’s preoperative assessment policy         1 week         A systematic review will be used to guide this implementation plan because it is more informative. After all, it is a summary of existing studies so that only the best evidence is available to guide decision-makers (Smith, Devane, Begley, & Clarke, 2011). This review will target well-designed controlled trials only, regardless of randomization. The target population is the orthopedic surgical population; thus, only studies that have tested the efficacy of the MRSA screening protocol will be included in this review. In addition, the study will entail a comparison of the screened population using the MRSA tool to an unscreened population. Articles published since 2006 (in the last 10 years) will be included in the study. Only studies that have adapted a controlled trial will be included in this review. A data extraction form will be used to determine the imperative facets of the different studies. Also, a quality appraisal checklist will aid in determining the quality of the studies included in this review. Upon reviewing the methodology, the precision, as well as generalizability of the results, only a certain number of studies will remain. A PRISMA flow diagram will be used to give a pictorial representation of the literature search process. Two reviewers will be selected and briefed on how to select the studies about the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Differences between the two revi
I chose to analyze the poem “Death of an Infant” because it is susceptible and appeals to the author’s feelings. The poem, through metaphorical images, describes a terrible event in the life of any woman, which is the death of a newborn baby. The touching love that the writer implies into drawing the features of a tender infant is impressive, “There was a tint of rose //O’er cheek and lip; – he touch’d the veins with ice” (line 3). Sigourney depicts death as something animate, an entity that has taken away a tiny soul that has just appeared into the world, “Death found strange beauty on that cherub brow” (line 1). Finally, Sigourney concludes, “Death gazed and left it there; – he dared not steal // The signet-ring of Heaven” (lines 14-15). The reader thus learns that the author considers the death of an infant to be innocent and doomed to eternal life in the Kingdom of God. The accuracy of conveying the mother’s feelings about who lost the child and the subtle vivid description of the event leaves no doubt that Sigourney is familiar with the story. Understandably, such a sorrowful experience leaves a significant traumatic imprint that probably has led to the desire to express feelings through poetry. Therefore, many of Sigourney’s poems are distinguished by such melancholic touchingness and appeal to maternal feelings. In general, in her poems, the author feels that she wanted to write about the vital, often traditionally hard. Given the realities of that time, one can imagine how difficult it was for her and how much disapproval she received. However, going through Sigourney’s poems, the reader understands that she certainly experienced a lot and could not help but express it through words and images. Reference Sigourney, L. H. (1997). Death of an infant. In She Wields a Pen: American Women Poets of the Nineteenth Century . University of Iowa Press.
It should be admitted that contemporary society faces a number of disorders that are not related to medical conditions. Although the term “disorders” could be arguable, the fact that many phenomena have a negative effect on people is certain. For example, large megalopolises brought an illness, recently acknowledged, which is obtrusive shopping. The desire to purchase goods in surplus quantities can be considered as an uncontrolled mania and a serious neurosis. As a related theme, William Severini Kowinski specified another problem of the citizen of modern society, which is Malaise. Malaise is the author’s created term for the sickness felt by customers as a result of being in a mall. Being a chapter in his book “The Malling of America: An Inside Look at the Great Consumer Paradise”, Kowinski in an ironic way addresses the possible causes and symptoms of Malaise, stating that malls indirectly affect people. The author, in a seemingly satirical way, starts by pointing out to the symptoms of his detected mall disease-Malaise. The assumption of his irony is obvious through the usage of doctor-like diagnosis, which is similar to drug advertisements on TV. “Does the mall make you tired? Set your nerves on edge? Do you find it difficult to concentrate? Do you sometimes wonder if you are really as safe as mall management would like you to believe? If you are a parent, do you fear for your children’s ability to survive outside comfort control because they spend so much time in the mall?” Kowinski then shifts the tone of the narration to more serious, presenting several reasons why people feel particular “uncomfortable” symptoms. One reason is the similarity of most of the malls, so people start feeling lost and disoriented. Many excerpts of interviews emphasize other mall features that annoy people. The combination of the mall features and the shared symptoms is followed by the so-called “Zombie effect”. The Zombie effect can be summarized as the loss of time and space in a seemingly friendly environment, with an abrupt awakening and alienation. The author compared this effect with the resulted of watching television, which is the same case to some extent. Nevertheless, the author acknowledges the necessity of the malls as places for buying good. However, the waste of time, where people might spend most of the day even after buying what is needed, is a serious problem. As a possible cause of such phenomena, the author refers to the Zombie effect as a consequence of Mallaise. The customers or Zombie Effect sufferers, as referred by Kowinski, are the victims in his work. They are the victims of the cultural impact of the hypnotizing world of consumerism and its main guide – the television. The points made by the author are clear, and the arguments for such specific outline of malls can be seen in the author mentioning his first experience of Mallaise. At the same time, the main reason for building malls is not apparent through the chapter. The most anticipated outcome of building malls is forcing the custo
Focusing on such literary works as Natsume Soseki’s Kokoro, Yukio Mishima’s “Patriotism”, and Nakano Shigeharu’s “The House in the Village”, it is possible to state that these Japanese authors create the vivid image of the modern Japanese literature as rather emotional, provocative, and full of internal and external tensions. To avoid any generalizations while discussing these works, it is important to note that these literary pieces make the reader think about the life and death through the provocative concepts of suicide and responsibility. Thus, referring to Natsume Soseki’s Kokoro, the reader can focus on the extremely emotional description of the person’s feelings related to the ideas of suicide, responsibility, and guilt because Sensei, the protagonist of the novel, feels guilt due to the other man’s suicide; the theme of committing suicide is also presented in Yukio Mishima’s “Patriotism”, but the discussion of the suicide through the focus on a photograph mainly causes thinking about the value of the people’s life; finally, in “The House in the Village”, Nakano Shigeharu makes the reader think about the values, ideology, and humanity while presenting the main character’s considerations about the feeling of shame. One of the most controversial and interesting moments in Natsume Soseki’s Kokoro is the author’s focus on Sensei’s feelings about his role in causing the other man’s suicide. To provide the context, it is necessary to note that Sensei was involved in the complicated situation of the love triangle, and the other man committed suicide, while providing the letter with explanations for Sensei. Thus, describing this situation, Sensei refers to his complex feelings, “A friend of ours asked me: “Why did he commit suicide?” … It seemed that the question was in reality an accusation. It seemed that what the questioner meant to say was: “Why not be truthful, and admit that you killed him?” (Soseki 234-235). The presented statement is rather emotional and truthful in its nature, and it is influential to change the reader’s vision of murder and suicid
It is noted that Chinese people believed that traveling was too dangerous and it was better to stay home to be safe (Osnos par. 18). However, it is clear that Chinese people have traveled for centuries, and modern Chinese travelers are open to new experiences and are eager to learn more about other cultures. Mike Pugh sees travel as a way to learn more about the world around him (“About Mike Pugh” par. 1). The traveler claims that he comes from the family of travelers who were not afraid of new experiences and traveling to other countries. The two passages contain a similar idea that traveling makes people more open-minded and helps them learn about the world around them and themselves and their place in this world. Thus, Mike Pugh states that it is the best way to “learn about people and nature and your place in the world” (“About Mike Pugh” par. 1). Osnos also notes that modern Chinese people want to experience things rather than read about them or watch TV programs, so “Chinese literature lovers” want “to glimpse” at things they were reading about (par. 21). They want to experience the same (or maybe different) feelings, and they want to listen to themselves and to understand their feelings. Another similarity between the two passages is that both authors refer to historical facts to prove that people have traveled for hundreds of years. Thus, Mike Pugh tells about his ancestors who came to the New World centuries ago (“About Mike Pugh” par. 3). Osnos states that Buddhist monks came to see other lands (like India) in the name of the emperor (par. 18). This makes the texts more relevant as the authors’ ideas are supported by experiences of people who lived many years ago. Nonetheless, the two passages differ in several ways. For example, Pugh focuses on the history of his own family, but Osnos considers the history of Chinese people’s travels in general. Thus, Pugh mentions “Great-Great-Grandfather Pugh” who sailed to New York from Liverpool (“About Mike Pugh” par. 3). At the same time, Osnos starts with mentioning travels of ancient monks and then tells the story of Chinese people who “were permitted” to travel only a few decades ago (par. 19). Another difference is the way the authors start their stories. Pugh states that he sees “travel as life’s great educator” (par. 1). However, Osnos starts with Chinese proverbs that prove Chinese people’s fears of travel as traveling is associated with great and unnecessary risks (par. 18). Thus, Pugh starts with something positive, but Osnos starts his s
Introduction Mental health of a human being can be affected by a whole variety of both physical and mental factors. In the majority of cases, there is no single correct diagnosis because various disorders that characterize mental health usually come in combinations, and Ms. Bainbridge’s case is one of the examples of such a situation, because her symptoms reveal several possible diagnoses. Step 1: Diagnoses Probable Diagnosis The probable diagnosis for Ms. Bainbridge is not limited to a single idea of, for instance, general depression. On the basis of the symptoms reported by Ms. Bainbridge, the probable diagnoses for her can also include the paranoid personality disorder and the posttraumatic stress disorder, as her paranoid symptoms seem to be conditioned by her childhood sexual abuse experiences associated with her father. Possible Diagnosis Possible diagnoses for Ms. Bainbridge are also three-fold. First, the patient can be diagnosed as the one having paranoia. Second, the symptoms of anxiety are also observed. Third, both above considered diagnoses might have been caused by substance abuse, as Ms. Bainbridge is reported to take cocaine for a rather long period of time. So, the diagnoses for Ms. Bainbridge include: Probable Diagnosis               Possible Diagnosis  Not Probable Diagnosis General Depression               Paranoia            Dissociative Disorder  Paranoid Personality Depression  Anxiety             Dementia               Posttraumatic Stress Disorder    Substance Abuse     Eating Disorder         Step 2: Decision Trees The analysis of paranoia and anxiety caused by substance abuse (APA, 2000, pp. 191, 430) reveals that the diagnosis can be correct based on the symptoms, but the long-lasting nature of the symptoms rejects this diagnosis in favor of general depression mixed with paranoid personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (APA, 2000, pp. 181, 429, 685). This diagnosis is correct because it has the matching symptoms, that are also listed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR in association with the mentioned disorders, and support for development in the patient’s background. The fact that numerous attempts of therapeutic treatment of the disorders brought to actual results is also an argument in support of the probable diagnoses presented above. Step3: Diagnostic Criteria The diagnostic criteria are the symptoms of the defined disorders. Thus, APA (2000) reveals that general depression is characterized by feelings of emptiness and worthlessness, loss of pleasure in common life activities, decrease of energy, suicidal thoughts and attempts (p. 181). All these symptoms were observed in Ms. Bainbridge as the case under analysis reveals. Further on, the paranoid personality disorder is characterized by having doubts about people around the person, taking their actions as threatening or dangerous, displaying an
In teaching science, teachers should always ensure that science programs  1. are based on standards and employ standards-based instructional materials,  2. have the capacity to develop students’ command of the academic language of science used in the content standards,  3. reflect a balanced, comprehensive approach that includes the teaching of investigation and experimentation skills along with direct instruction and reading,  4. employ multiple instructional strategies and provide students with multiple opportunities to master the content standards,  5. include continual assessment of students’ knowledge and comprehension, with appropriate adjustments been made during the academic year,  6. continually engage all students in learning and prepare and motivate learners for further instruction in science,  7. use technology to teach students, assess their knowledge, and develop information resources,  8. have adequate instructional resources as well as library-media and administrative support,  9. use standards-based connections with other core subjects to reinforce science teaching and learning (California Department of Education, 2004). Teaching Strategies The framework is clear that the content standards for grade six students primarily focus on earth science; hence the adopted teaching strategies at this grade level should demonstrate the capacity to stimulate intellectual curiosity in earth sciences (California Department of Education, 2004). In teaching science, “direct instruction and investigative activities need to be mutually supportive and synergistic” (California Department of Education, 2004 p. 6). In direct instruction, the teacher takes control of the classroom and delivers skills-oriented instruction by breaking down the topic into smaller units, which are then deliberately sequenced and explicitly taught to the classroom. In teaching earth science to grade six students, for example, the teacher can break down the topic of plate tectonics into smaller units and then decide to provide skills oriented instruction on the process of continental drift by not only providing readings and notes to students, but also leading them “to model the process by cutting out continental shapes from a map of the earth and treating these continents as movable jigsaw puzzle pieces” (California Depar
Feasibility of an ERP system In order to assess the feasibility of an ERP system the management of Bandon Group Inc should focus on the following criteria: cost-effectiveness of this project, operational performance, and timelines of implementation (Musaji, 2002, p 2). First, they need to determine whether the expenses that the company will incur could be avoided or justified in any way. It should be noted that the average price of an ERP system is $ 20.000. This application will have all capabilities, required by Bandon Group, namely ad hoc query, web-based invoice system, customer website, electronic purchase interface, and so forth (Sumner, 2005, p 175). The management may consider alternative approaches to their IT problems, for example, they may develop separate software solutions. Such a strategy can prove to be less expensive; however, these separate elements will not function as a single entity; more importantly, they will not insure effective data migration among users. This is why we can argue that the costs, associated with this project, are indispensable. If this application speeds up t
Environmental degradation has been on increase, thus raising the concern all over the world on how to compact it. It is defined as the declination of the environmental value in its quality. It is however important to understand the causes of the environmental degradation and the ways to reduce them, which will promote the improvement of the environmental quality. Human activities are the major cause of this degradation, which are highly associated with poverty and dependence. Poverty is the state of deficiency in affording the basic material needs with ease thus leading to over dependence on the available resources for a short term intervention. This paper therefore is a discussion which illustrates the relationship between poverty and dependence to the environmental degradation (Ali-Akpajiak & Pyke, 2003). To begin with, as a result of poverty, people exert pressure on the available natural resources as an outcome of population increase, inadequate access to the natural resources, or access to the poor value and fragile lands for the investments. For instance there are many cases where people have carried mining activities near the water sources. They do this to look for the means of survival but on the other hard they are polluting the water sources thus degrading their quality as the dust particles gets into the water. Therefore, poverty and dependence leads to environmental degradation and when the environment is degraded then the effects of this degradation is much felt by the poor “some quality inherent in the condition of poverty results in environmental degradation in the broad majority of social, environmental and policy contexts” (Prakash, 1997 pp 3). In search of the means to survive, the poor cuts down trees in the forest for timber and charcoal for sale or individual direct use. They lack the knowledge on how they can use natural resources such as solar and wind energy for fuel and equipments which can help them to utilize these resources as fuels. Trees are also harvested for art crafts as an economic way to promote the survival by the poor. Forest is known as important watershed in that it is the source of streams and rivers for the continual replenishment. Trees are also important in carbon sinkers thus cutting down of trees by whichever reason promotes increase of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere thus increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming. Global warming cause drought thus the land cannot produce as expected as its quality is already degraded (Killick, Steve & White, 2001). The poor have insufficient access to the proper medical services. They
History of Saudi Arabia In the past, the expansive land that makes up modern-day Saudi Arabia was occupied by nomadic tribal societies. There were some urban trading settlements but they were few in number. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 when King Abdul Aziz united two previously independent kingdoms. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 following the unification of the Kingdom of Nejd and the Kingdom of Hejaz by Kind Abdul Aziz Al Saud. In the initial years of its existence, the kingdom was poor since the major economic activities were agriculture and revenue from Muslim pilgrims. The economic fortunes of the country changed when vast oil reserves were discovered in the country in 1938 by Western companies. The oil wealth of Saudi Arabia made it possible for the government to develop infrastructure and social services for the citizens of the country. Geographic and Demographics Information Saudi Arabia is geographically located in the Middle East and the country has an area of 2.14 square kilometers. The climate for most of the country is arid and semi-arid with a large dry desert occupying most of the country. Due to its dry climate, Saudi Arabia does not have any rivers flowing within its borders. However, the country has a very expansive coastline, which spans for 2,640km. The Kingdom has a population of a
The Third Punic War fought between 149 BC and 146 BC was the final war in the series of wars that involved the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian civilization. Basically, the war in question was to maintain the results of the previous Punic Wars that weakened Carthage by inflicting significant losses in terms of financial (military reparations) and human resources, as well as territories. Being the logical continuation of what had been started by the Roman Republic due to the Second Punic War, the final war was necessary to bring Carthage’s potential for recovery and competition to naught. From the viewpoint of the Roman Republic, the necessity of the final Punic War was linked to the need for additional measures to fully destroy Carthage’s military and financial capabilities and prevent it from effective economic recovery after the previous wars. In particular, the Second Punic War left Carthage only with its North African territories and being required to pay significant war indemnities, which could be devastating to its geopolitical competitiveness (Hoyos, 2018). However, partly due to effective reforms initiated by Hannibal in 196 BC, Carthage gradually managed to embark on the path of economic recovery and renovate its ports (Hoyos, 2018). The strengthening of Carthage’s allies, such as Numidia, and Carthage’s successful post-war endeavors to initiate improvement were a potential threat to Rome’s further expansion (Hoyos, 2018). Resulting from those tendencies, the fears of Carthage’s economic and military resurrection arose in Rome and contributed to the Roman Republic’s willingness to start the third war and nullify Carthage’s chances to improve its international competitiveness. Rome’s subsequent victory and the total destruction of Carthage actually improved the political situation for the Roman Republic and reinforced its position as the leading power in the Mediterranean.