ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The North Carolina state, like other states in the USA, has a significant history that dates back to the American Civil War between 1861 and 1862. The state’s help towards the war came mainly in the form of supply of military personnel, ammunition, and other military supplies that helped to keep the enemy soldiers at bay. This research paper focuses on the role that the state of North Carolina played during the Civil War to ensure victory against the adversary. Actions and Role of North Carolina Significant contributions of the state of North Carolina helped to shape up the American Civil War in a more special manner. Firstly, North Carolina provided close to 134,000 personnel to help in the realization of the Confederate objective in the war. This was comparatively the biggest number of servicemen to have come from a single state, among the numerous states that formed the Confederate State. This figure made up approximately a sixth of the entire Confederacy army. Given the large contribution of personnel towards the Confederate army, North Carolina also suffered immense consequences after at least 40,000 of the servicemen perished, either because of direct war consequences or because of disease-related causes. In addition to the large contribution of army personnel, North Carolina also provided a significant number of generals, whose skills helped the Confederate State to outwit its adversaries. Amongst the most notable generals who hailed from North Carolina included Braxton Bragg, who was in charge of the Western Theatre, and Daniel Harvey Hill, who led the North Carolina Infantry to the Battle of the Big Bethel. Other notable generals included William Dorsey Pender, who participated in the Battle of Seven Pines during the Civil War, and Stephen Dodson Ramseur, who took charge of the Battle of Malvern Hill. The agriculturally rich Piedmont region of North Carolina acted as the main producer of food that was used by the Confederate forces. This was a significant contribution, as it was necessary for the Confederate State to have a steady food supply for its servicemen. Another of North Carolina’s strategic regions, Wilmington, offered a vantage point from where the Confederate forces monitored and participated in both the Atlantic Ocean and the European trade. The Union’s efforts during the war equally benefited from the North Carolina region, despite a larger percentage of the territory has been under the Confederate forces’ control. More importantly, the north-eastern reg
Abstract The research paper aims to investigate the impact of race, crime, and gender on criminal behavior. In the criminal justice system, delinquency may be the result of biological excellence, for instance, excessive physical strength or aggressive, fighting motherhood. An arrangement of causal factors according to relative weight, manageability, and ambivalence must come later. Immediate problem is to determine the causes, regardless of their interrelation or ability to remove them without detriment to other vital social relations. It was found that race, crime, and gender cannot be considered as sole factors of delinquency but in connection with social and economic factors. Introduction The questions of race, gender, and age have been the most important factors of crime theories determining the main trends and approaches to crime. Today, criminal law clings to the pretense of free will. There is in reality only one cause of crime: ill will, malice. Only it was the wrong cause on which critics bestowed so much care and effort. It is not very different from the free will of the lawbreakers (Brownlee, 1998). The will belongs to the realm of natural phenomena, all of which follow the rules of cause and effect. Punishment may be a deterrent. It may be and often is submerged and neutralized in the turmoil of vehement impulses. It may affect stimulations and shrink inhibitions. To limit the reflection on human misconduct to that one simplified causality, the free and ill will must necessarily lead to an impasse. The theory disregards the powerful causative impetuses that strike upon the will from the outside and the complex structure of each willful act. The part causality of which legislations avail themselves can under the most favorable conditions produce but part results. To the criminologist, the behavior of every human being is conditioned. In attempting to bring some sort of order to the complexity of causes, he finds two main distinctions: The paper aims to analyze the problem of race, age, and gender in crime prevention and commitment. Problem Identification A theory of crime states that issues of age and gender are possible factors that influence delinquency and crime rates. The paper aims to investigate the problem of age, race, and crime in the criminal justice system and analyze current data on this topic. Critics found that many “causes” consist of slowly converging developments, which appear to drag the guilty man by degrees to the fatal outcome. It may be only vice or illegitimate business or l
Introduction It is worth noting that in the era of late capitalism, the multifaceted study and comprehension of monsters, as well as the study of their historical hypostases and particular social habitat, have become the recognition mark of cultural theory that dwells upon the query of what is human and what its symbolic signs and limits are. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen wrote an essay “Monster Culture (Seven Theses)” in which he strived for displaying that the study of culture from the point of view of monsters represented there should be declared a new modus legendi (Cohen 3). The purpose of this paper is to provide arguments in support of the position that monsters can be considered a window into certain culture or society and provide evidence from two other sources to justify this assumption. Literature Review The author of the writing describes the universals of culture and its local features through a detailed taxonomy of monsters. He determines monster culture as a pure culture and states that it is the projection and manifestation of the collective human intellectual achievement. One of the theses in defense of this position is that monsters represent the decomposition of ideological codes (Cohen 4). The monster, in its interpretation, is an object existing on the border of differences and it signals gender, race, and other differences and constantly refers to them. In addition, the monster denotes the boundaries between the possible and permissible and allows building personal and national, economic, psychological, and other identities (Cohen 12). Thus, a rather large-scale theory of monsters gives creatures the properties of dangerous agents of cultural knowledge; they organize and simultaneously differentiate various identities and role strategies. At this point, it is essential to mention that Cohen addresses the reader’s attention to the issue that not only human beings view the monster but it also perceives humans. That is to say, he wanted to stress that society creates a monster and people cultivate the horrors or distortions in such creatures. Therefore, a monster is only the mirror of the deformations existing within society. Example One The movie “I Am Legend” centers on vampires. They are perceived as monsters and relate directly to the theory proposed by Cohen. It should be noted that the creatures were shown as unsympathetic and aroused the feelings of disgust and fear. Importantly, the viewer perceives vampires through the eyes of Robert Neville and experiences the same feelings as the main hero does. The creatures hav
Introduction Racism can be defined as a belief in which a particular race considers itself to be either superior or inferior in comparison with other races. This mainly occurs due to existence of a number of various innate moral or social traits (Anti-defamation League, 2004, p. 4). Alternatively, racism can be defined to include negative or hostile feelings directed towards a given ethnic group by another. It also includes the associated attitudes and actions. Racism has existed over a long period of history in many countries. This is evident through discriminating and segregation of people based on the skin, origin, language and other factors. The climax of racism was witnessed in the 20 th century with the decline of racist regimes. For example, in South America, the enactment of the segregation laws and acquisition of freedom of voting among the blacks resulted into an improvement of their status (Fredrickson, 2006, p. 1). The constitutional amendments undertaken led into attainment of equity between the white and black communities. Racism greatly influence the way we relate with people and historically has influenced interracial wars, nation boundaries, leadership and slavery. For example, the attitude developed by the whites towards the blacks was meant to oppress the blacks. Kundnani argues that racism is a complex of terms such as identity, postcoloniality, ethnicity, multiculture, hybridity, and whiteness all of which make sense in contemporary politics (2009, para. 2). Racism is a complex social problem and cannot be merely attributed to an individual attitude. Macpherson Report This report was prepared to inquire about the murder of Stephen Lawrence but sociologists had reservations concerning the issues which were raised by the report, police, public and other institutions in relation to this murder case. Solomos analyzed the Report and focused on the three major issues. These include account of racism, political dilemma on recommendations, and role of sociologists in combating racism (1999, para. 4). Institutional Racism There was a lot of political response to the Report being demonstrated by huge public debate concerning institutional racism. Solomos (1999, para. 6). argues that the Report has a vague definition of what constitutes institutional racism as “the definition reflects the frustrations of activists involved in the Stephen Lawrence campaign with the everyday racism and plain ignorance that they came across in their dealings with the police and other institutions.” Solomos claimed that the report does not give proper definition of institutional racisms relative to police nor provide
Depression and suicide are common issues for elderly. Older adults appear to be especially vulnerable to depression and other mental disorders. Taking into account the aging of the baby-boom generation, the depression in elderly is likely to contribute to increased suicide rate in this group. Depression is not only one of the most prevalent disorders in elderly but is also a pervasive social and healthcare problem. Depressed elderly are at risk of substance abuse, poor health habits, and suicide. Brown and Vinokur (2003) argue that elderly are at risk of suicidal behavior due to job loss, poor physical health, and the belief in being a burden to others. Those older people who are physically ill, depressed, and unemployed feel like a burden for their relatives and may consider suicide as the only viable option. Brown and Vinokur (2003) suggest that supportive communication, expressed care and love increase the likelihood of suicide and depression among the elderly as they feel more regret about the burden they place on lives of others. Conwell and Pearson (2002) highlight that anxiety and alcohol use in elderly contribute to depression and eventually lead to suicide intentions. Furthermore, Benshoff et al (2003) note that substance abuse in elderly is rather challenging to identify due to societal beliefs about this group and coexisting disabilities. Moreover, the professionals often neglect the correlation among forgetfulness, emotional instability, depression, and substance abuse. While significant body of research has been devoted to the study of depression in elderly, little attention has been paid to the investigation of substance abuse, emotional instability, burden feelings, and depression. Moreover, no research has been done to assess the impact of these factors on suicide intentions in older adults. Thus, the hypotheses for this study are:   * H (1): Burden feelings, emotional instability, and substance abuse are positively correlated with the depression   * H (2): Depression in elderly caused by burden feelings and substance abuse is positively correlated with the suicide intentions. Brown and Vinokur (2003) hypothesized that poor physical health and depression exacerbated the adverse
Problem Background The issue of business sustainability, or, to be more specific, the location of the approach that will allow for a sustainable use of the resources that a company has at its disposal, has always been a major concern for the owners of entrepreneurships. Attaining complete economic safety and reducing the existing financial risks to the lowest point is only possible when locating the approach that will allow for encompassing every single factor, including the ones from the economic, financial, political and social dimensions. Statement of the Problem The implementation of a multidimensional approach, which will help integrate the existing tools for managing the aforementioned domains, requires that a variety of aspects of the organisation and its operations should be encompassed for the provision of sustainable development. The factors in question, however, have not been identified so far, which makes the process of promoting sustainability within the environment of a specific entrepreneurship rather complicated. Herein the significance of locating the elements in question and identifying their significance for and role in the creation of organisational sustainability lies. Proposed Solutions It is suggested that the incorporation of the elements such as innovativeness, communication, environmental sustainability, preservation of social capital, and the realisation of the institutional perspective significance will contribute to the development of sustainability within a company. More importantly, the integration of both internal and external factors affecting the development of an organisation should be integrated into the framework of the study. In other words, it is assumed that the integration of the four key perspectives, i.e., economic, institutional, social and ecological, is required for achieving business sustainability within the environment of the present-day global economy. Method to Be Used It should be noted that the study in question is going to address the relationships between the key factors at the same time quantifying them; therefore, the study design can be identified as mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The exploratory approach is expected to be adopted due to the significance of locating the gaps in the current sustainability models by carrying out a vast study of the subject matter. The data required for conducting the study will be collected with the help of focus group interviews. While the specified tool cannot technically be considered especially credible due to the incorporation of personal opinions into the data obtained in the process of the interviewing, carrying out the process of data collection in groups will contribute to retrieving more objective information and, therefore, embracing every single aspect of the process of company sustainability promotion. The introduction of the literature review into the study will allow for addressing the aspect of subjectivity mentioned above and incorporate a wid
Medical students tend to be reluctant to study calculus because they believe it will be unrelated to their jobs. However, the branch of mathematics offers much to other fields of science, including medicine. For instance, cardiology uses calculus for accurately identifying the condition, disease prevention, public reporting, and conducting studies, where one has to apply some of its methods. This paper will highlight those usages and demonstrate the importance of calculus for the specialty. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential means of identifying whether a person has a heart condition. The curves represent continuous functions, which belong to the field of calculus (Sengupta et al., 2018). However, the graphs can be unreliable, as certain non-differentiable points exist, potentially disguising a disease (for instance, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy) as the absence of pathology (Sengupta et al., 2018). As the incident can have devastating consequences for the patient, a more accurate method using fractional calculus has been developed (Sengupta et al., 2018). It is characterized by fractional derivative, which allows for differentiating between the norm and pathology when applied to ECG, and differs from the classical one (Sengupta et al., 2018). Thus, calculus is used to diagnose heart conditions and improve the process, and ideally, the specialist should be able to do more than interpreting the graphs. In addition to ECG, calculus also helps identify and classify leukocytes before issuing a diagnosis. It is done through the use of fractional calculus, which helps remove noise during blood cell image processing, leading to more accurate results (Guangnan et al., 2018). However, the Snake of Gradient Vector Flow should be applied later to comb color information; otherwise, calculus alone cannot help classify leukocytes (Guangnan et al., 2018). Regardless, being an essential part of the process solidifies the role of calculus in identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, even such advanced methods as artificial intelligence rely on the models studied in the field of calculus (Guangnan et al., 2018). In conclusion, calculus is indispensable in diagnosing CVD and subsequently prescribing the most effective treatment. Another field of calculus application in cardiology is disease prevention. It is evident following the results of the CANTOS trial, which confirmed that inflammation leads to CVD, meaning that anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy can be used to treat that group of conditions (Verma et al., 2017). To determine the secondary treatment of atherosclerosis, which will theoretically have a positive impact on the cardiovascular system,
Introduction The much-acclaimed movie ‘The Godfather’ introduces one to the life of a multi-ethnic American family that was of American and Italian background. The film paints a picture of life as it was in the 1940s and part of the 50’s, majorly zeroing in on the most prominent family as far as crime was concerned. The film was directed, Francis Ford Coppola. The producer was Albert Rudy, adopted from Maario Puzo’s and Coppola’s screenplay. The movie was a sequel to 1969’s novel ‘The Godfather’. The film starred Marlon Brondo and Al Pacino as the head to a powerful New York cartel that was run majorly by a single-family. The storyline revolves around the years between 1945 and 1955. It features around Michael Corleon, a family recluse who transforms from a law-abiding individual to head the mafia whose management is basically a family affair. In this scene, he is portrayed as a cold-blooded leader as due to the nature of his relationship with the Corleone family under the leadership of Vito Corleone, Brando in the movie ( The Godfather Movie ). Thematic analysis: seen and unseen Analysis of the movie would be incomplete without an insight into the major glaring themes within the movie. Some of them, as listed and explained below, include; The business touch to every aspect as distinguished from a personal perspective, the difference in the worlds of men and women then, and the difference that arises from respect and legitimacy. These are explained below; Business as usual, nothing personal This phrase has been used several within the play in myriad scenes symbolic of the difference between personal acts and business as it is. Sometimes it tends to emerge as a slogan within the gang cycles, but this briefly describes their daily activities or routines. It is a euphemism to the gruesome activities, and this assists them to view themselves from the secondary adjective they use, as such hide their guilt away. Other phrases used to describe such include family business, and also ‘offer he can’t refuse’. The above affects the audience through the adoption of such phrases in even the highest offices. Phrases such as ‘nothing personal, it’s just business’ have been used in many places and are the usually accepted norms. Their overall effect however is to conceal the speaker’s intentions. The different worlds of men and women The movie is wrought with chauvinistic phrases and attitudes that demean women and raise the stakes accorded to men. This occurs in several instances such as his father’s advice when Michael took to head the vast business that is the family empire, “women and children can be careless. Not men” ( Th
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are one of the most important ways to increase the competitiveness of companies. Through M&A, major concerns from developed countries enter new markets, and companies from developing countries can overcome the technological gap by acquiring the necessary technologies. However, a plethora of various issues during the process of integration may arise. Among crucial ones is the presence of cultural differences between two combining companies, which can lead to a failure in further business. This paper investigates the influence of cultural dilemmas on leadership effectiveness and the success of joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions. Moreover, Gung Ho will be considered here as a movie-example of cultural conflicts between two integrating companies from different countries. Gung Ho Summary Gung Ho is a comedy movie that humorously presents problems that occur during the acquisition of a bankrupt auto factory in the USA by a Japanese auto manufacturing company. Despite its comedian character, the film exhaustively depicts the importance of an appropriate cross-cultural strategy of acquiring firms. If enterprises do not develop and undertake an effective policy of cultural adaptation, they will face the unproductive performance of their employees – the most valuable resource – almost for sure. The movie was directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton as Hunt Stevenson, a protagonist. Relationships between employees and new top management, humorously shown in the film, provide viewers with the opportunity to realize all the obstacles and hardships that might occur due to M&A. The incompatibility of business approaches, substantial differences between American and Japanese mentalities, and wrong actions of the protagonist as a leader are directly related to the theme of the paper. For instance, the main plotline in the movie is about Hunt trying to lie to his colleagues about the number of cars that must be provided by the end of the month (Howard, 1986). Then, Howard ridiculously shows the differences between the West and East approach to business negotiations by the scene in which Hunt is trying to convince the Japanese to purchase the factory (1986). It might be crucial to understand the points given in the film and apply them to one’s management practice. Scenes from the movie that demonstrate the clash of cultures will be integrated into the following research to provide a coherent train of thought and support ideas. Case 1: Procter & Gamble and Gillette To stimulate its growth and development, Procter & Gamble (P&G) decided to purchase Gillette. However