ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Federal budget 2014 has made life more difficult for Australian women than ever before. In fact, parents will no longer stay at home because of limits to funds they can get from the taxpayer. Feminism refers to the striving force for equality between women and men irrespective of their religious, sexual and race links. In Australia, only 29.2 % of the country’s representatives are women (SLSA 2014). 29.2 % is quite low when compared with women’s participation in other developed countries like France and Belgium, among others. For centuries, Australia has been considered a patriarchal system. In fact, Australian women have been fighting for their rights since the 1960s. Australian women are a worried lot, especially when they have to choose between job and family. This paper will explore feminism, patriarchy and their existence in Australia. The paper will also discuss policies such as sex discrimination act of 1984, university school fees as expected in 2016, and tax benefits for single mothers (AustLII 2014). Patriarchy Patriarchy can be defined as a family, a social organisation, a group, or a government where men are considered the supreme authority. For centuries, Australian society has been dominated by men. Until 1960s, women’s national duty was mainly to reproduce and to control the number of children born to them. This was arguably women’s dark age in Australia. Australia was considered patriarchal during this period. It should be noted that women did not have the right to vote. Moreover, women were not allowed to access education. Women were forced to go against their natural functions. In fact, women were only allowed to vote as recently as 1902. However, women’s right to education was still far off in the 20 th century, especially tertiary education. Moreover, women in Australia are still considered a disadvantaged lot concerning their roles in the family. Moreover, women are forced to disregard their preferences in the choices they make. Women were brought I Australia to satisfy the sexual demands of men in the country’s colony. In addition, women were usually damned for their behaviours. In fact, debates in the 19 th century centred on whether women should own property in Australia. Additionally, such debates were aimed at establishing whether women could get formal education or have custody of their children. Western assumptions that women were mainly emotional than rational, affected their ability to get their rightful place in society. It should be noted that women still get less pay as compared to their male counterparts. In essence, Australian women have lived in a patriarchal society for centuries (Coleman 2014). The slow change in Patriarchy Since 1902, Australian society has slowly moved from patriarchy to pro feminism. In the 1950s, men were considered in the workforce as wage earners, women were barred from joining some jobs. In particular, women were considered homemakers and women were paid less. In the 1970s, legislation eliminated overt discrimination against women. From 2010, women have enjoyed equal opportunities in employment policies although achieving this reality has bee
Adoption of correct communication channels is of the factors that determine an organization’s success. This is because, depending on the communication channels adopted by an organization, the nature of outcomes varies hence, the need for managements to analyze any communication channel before its implementation or allowing it. In addition, it is important to note that, giving employees freedom of communication is one of the success factors in an organization. Primarily, this results due to the fact that, not only does freedom of expression through correct communication channels guarantee the free flow of information, but also it ensures an organization encourages innovation through sharing of ideas among employees. Although this is the case in most cases, sometimes freedom of communication can be a major factor that can cause an organizational downfall depending on the nature of messages that employees pas to each other. Permitting employees to communicate via an electronic media on personal views to some level can be beneficial to organizations; however, in most cases it has many associated disadvantages. This therefore makes it important for an organization to be strict, in terms of employee-employee communications on personal feelings about an organization’s state. It is not wrong for one to express personal feeling about the state of an organization they are working for, but rather what complicates the whole issue is the nature of messages that employees pass to each other and their resulting impacts. Most employee-employee communications are mere gossips; something that can adversely impair the smooth running of an organization incase the messages transferred overboard result to some kind of hatred among employees and the management. For example, take a scenario where one of the employees or a group of employees has problems with one of the supervisor. To make sure that other employees accept what they perceive to be right, hence join them in revolting against that specific supervisor, they will formulate hatred messages about the running of the organization. Depending on the nature of interpretation other employees give such a message, chances of revolt are high hence, greatly affecting the smooth running of such an organization due to unrests, which may emerge. Another main reason why managements should lay down strict measures as concerns personal expression of feelings or opinions about a company is due to problems associated with traceability of such messages passed between different employees in an electronic media. Tracing of messages is important more so when implementing discipline measures on employees or when trying to determine the motive behind some employee behaviors. The fact that, there exist many complexities in tracing messages through electronic media can complicate this process hence, making it hard to hold liable concerned culprits. Determination of accuracy of messages conveyed of this nature is hard d
Greek culture is one of the most ancient and unique cultures that exist in the modern world. The traditional beliefs, norms and separation of gender roles have been always prevalent. For a long time, there has been a gender difference between men and women in life and social environment. Even though there were times when women were an instrumental part of the world and family, they were still oppressed. A play “Medea” has several major themes that describe the way women were treated in ancient society. Not only has there been a gender difference between men and women in life and social environment, but extreme discrimination and external conditions of the world and governmental ruling added to the role division. It is made clear that women have realized their burden when Medea exclaims: “Ah, me! A wretched suffering woman I! O would that I could die!” (Euripides 8). The despair and helplessness are very obvious, as women were constantly oppressed and deprived of any rights. The factors could be seen in the community itself, as well as environmental factors, discrimination and segregation, as well as economical position of the society. Not only did this life create a vicious circle where it became close to impossible to get rid of role division, it separated women from the rest of society. At the same time, there were those who believed that a strong nation could not have such separation between genders and people. This is evident from Medea’s words when she says: “…Some think me clever and hate me, others say I am too reserved, and some the very reverse; others find me hard to please and not so very clever after all…” (Euripides 12). The passage is a clear example of how controversial the views were and what role women played in society. This divides the civilization and does not add to the greater good. Another important theme is that women were boxed inside for seeming protection, but were really feeling like prisoners and objects of their husbands who were in reality “owners”. They had their wives’ pride, freedom and pursuit of personal goals under control and did not allow them to step outside their duties. Not only is this a representation of the physical limitation, it is also a mental block that has been set up by society to keep women obedient and with no rights whatsoever. But more importantly, “Medea” tells a story of a personal character, in relation to family and changes that take place in social life. It illustrates the connection between family members and the relationship that shifts according to the country and the political matters that take place. A family is an integral part of any society, but women were made unnoticeable being one of the most critical factors present. It is shown that the effects of the common beliefs and the movements that were going on in the country have engulfed the understanding and beliefs of all men and women. For a very long time, Greece was somewhat torn apart, from a modern perspective. Men did not take proper
Introduction The terms women’s liberation and women’s movement are synonymous to the feminist movement. Women’s liberation refers to a stream of, “campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, equal pay, sexual harassment, and sexual violence, all of which fall under the label feminism” (Freedman 34). The movement’s precedence varies from one state to another and from community to community. While movements in developed countries fight against the glass ceiling, those in a majority of the developing countries fight against female genital mutilation. Since the movement was established, it has witnessed three campaign phases. The movement uses the term “wave” to refer to each of the three phases. Freedman alleges, “The first wave involved the fight for political equality and suffrage by white women while the second wave tried to liberate women from cultural and social inequalities” (34). The third phase involved women staging war to claim their rights in the political sphere (Freedman 34). This paper will discuss the feminist movement in the United States. Cultural dynamics Humm posits, “The feminist movement’s agendas include acting as a counter to the putatively patriarchal strands in the dominant culture. …the movement has struggled to overthrow power holders, political structures, and cultural practices that give men superior powers over women” (27). Although one may trace the precursors of feminism back to the early 18 th century, the present women’s liberation movement was established in early 19 th century (Humm 31). Christine de Pizan was the first woman to champion for an overhaul of western cultures that discriminated against women. With time, other intellectuals like Marquis de Condorcet and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu began enlightening women about their rights. This led to many women adopting feminist thoughts, which eventually led to the establishment of the feminist movement. During this time, majority of the women languished in poverty and they could not fight for their rights. Therefore, the only women who benefited from the movement hailed from rich families (Humm 31). There were claims that, in the United States, rich women came up with the feminist movement to fight for their personal agendas. Today, the feminist movement still fights for rights of women in the majority of countries across the globe. For instance, the movement still exists in the United States, although it currently targets a different set of women. In most cases, people use the three phases of feminism to demonstrate how cultural values have been converted, shared, and improved (Hyde 45-47). Besides, they use the phases to show how the movement has struggled to restructure certain standards of its demands to accommodate a wide range of women. Nowadays the movement fights for the rights of women from minority groups as well as lesbians. The feminist movement still advocates for women to chase their dreams without fearing intimidation fro
Many people claim that a universal healthcare system is needed in the USA. These people argue that the existing system is unfair and contributes to the spread of inequality. However, there are many detriments of incorporating this system in the USA, e.g., cultural, economic destruction of the healthcare system and society. First of all, it can lead to the degradation of healthcare services in the USA. Healthcare professionals are now well-paid employees who strive for self-development. However, in many countries with a universal healthcare system, the quality of healthcare services is very poor. Thus, the new system can bring about issues concerning quality. Apart from this, the US economy is far from being ready for such a change. The US economy has developed for decades. According to the video, Switzerland benefits from the universal healthcare system. Needless to say, to come to the new system, Switzerland needed a great deal of time. If the USA starts the change immediately, it can lead to a new economic crisis as the budget is not ready for such a change. Finally, people are not ready for the new system. Americans’ mindset is based on such values as hard work. However, Americans also believe that one should pay for everything he/she gets. People may develop the idea that there is no need in working hard as the state will still provide them with their basic needs. In other words, the system contradicts major beliefs reigning in US society. Destroying such beliefs can lead to the destruction of society. These potential detriments suggest that the US government should carefully consider this issue.
The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to provide accessible and comprehensive quality healthcare services for people of all backgrounds. Even though the quality of contemporary medicine has improved, ethnic and racial healthcare disparities are still common in clinical practice. Racial and ethnic minorities make up to 40% of the US population, so the improvement in the health of minorities will respectively enhance the health of the nation (Norris & Nissenson, 2020, p. 112). I have chosen the topic area called Access to Health Services and the problem of chronic kidney disease for the research of disparities related to the issue. The following work will contrast the existing disparities and propose a public health communication strategy aimed at promoting health for every population. The Access to Health Services topic area explains the importance of healthcare accessibility and describes the steps for its achievement as well as barriers and limitations. Access to health services is defined as “the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes” (ODPHP, “Why is Access to Health Services Important?”). According to the ODPHP, “access to comprehensive, quality health care services is important for promoting and maintaining health, preventing and managing the disease, reducing unnecessary disability and premature death, and achieving health equity for all Americans” (ODPHP, “Overview”). The components of the Access to Health services are insurance coverage, services, and timeliness. Despite the governmental efforts to improve coverage and the quality of care, millions of Americans do not have health insurance coverage. Moreover, there are disparities impeding patient access to quality healthcare such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, and income in multiple areas of care, including primary care. The National Institutes of Health defines disparity as a “health difference that adversely affects disadvantaged populations, based on one or more health outcomes” (as cited in Norton et al., 2016, p. 2576). Access to Health Services aims to increase insurance coverage, address the disparities, and adapt to the current methods of healthcare delivery, such as telehealth. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a noncommunicable disorder and a major contributor to premature death. Racial/ ethnic disparities are linked to multiple CKD risk factors including hypertension and diabetes. Hispanic patients are 1.5–3 times more likely to reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than the members of the non-Hispanic White population (Norris & Nissenson, 2020, p. 111). Moreover, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reported that during the quality of care measures, ethnic/ racial minority groups
Instructional Technology Resource Among the most beneficial instructional technology resources with the potential to enhance learning in the operating room is a journal of the Association of Operating Room Nurses. Experienced professionals develop detailed articles that reveal how to use instruments and equipment during various procedures in the operating room. For instance, those technology options that were discussed recently referred to electrosurgeries, lasers, and sterilization. This instructional technology resource is a guide that helps students and novice professionals to learn how to work in operating rooms. These participants do not have enough experience yet, but they need to practice already. In the framework of education, people usually have an opportunity to learn from mistakes, but in this environment, such an approach is not the best option. Everything should be maintained properly in the operating room because it is vital for professionals to ensure patient safety. Using the selected instructional technology resource, participants will have a chance to get to know how to use various devices effectively. It is also advantageous that they can learn within a healthcare setting, educational establishment, or at home. The journal can be easily downloaded and carried to the hospital so that a learner can try to maintain offered manipulations. It is also possible to use it in an educational establishment or to resort to self-education at home because detailed descriptions and illustrations are included. The integration of this resource into the selected environments will improve the learning of the use of surgical devices through provided recommendations and identified challenges. It reveals recommended practices for the participants to follow them and become more independent. Technology Options Spruce and Braswell (2012) focused on the maintenance of electrosurgeries. They educate readers on how to determine what electrosurgical devices should be purchased and ensure safety through the minimization of the potential for injuries. They also point out the main precautions that should be considered in the framework of minimally invasive surgery, explaining the ways to avoid issues associated with surgical smoke hazards. This technology option is selected because it is vital for professionals who work in the operating room, as it describes the usage of all critical equipment involved in electrosurgeries (Steege, Boiano, & Sweeney, 2016). It includes peculiarities of documentation, descriptions of policies and procedures, and ways to ensure the maintenance of high-quality care. In this way, it can lead to performance improvement, which is its main benefit. This option was selected because it discusses a wide range of devices and elements related to their usage, such as checklists. It is advantageous that his article provides information needed to ensure patient safety. However, participants may find it difficult to focus on many devices at the same ti
Introduction With the rise in how fast globalization has been affecting interactions in personal and professional areas, the importance of being able to establish a rapport with the representatives of other cultures and participate in a cross-cultural conversation successfully has increased noticeably. However, in a range of corporate settings, leaders still face significant pushback from employees, who are unwilling to accept the necessity to embrace diversity and make an effort to learn how to interact on a multicultural level. The observed issue occurs for multiple reasons, yet the key axes of conflict can be identified using the framework proposed by Hofstede, namely, the Model of Cultural Dimensions. Due to the incompatibility of beliefs and perceptions linked to individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and the femininity-masculinity dichotomy, conflicts may arise between the representatives of different cultures. The described conflict is depicted quite accurately and in a very relatable fashion in the movie “Outsourced.” “Outsourced” exemplifies the idea that, even with the presence of strong opposition for cultural diversity, cultural competence can still be built once exposing individuals to the opportunities that cross-cultural communication provides and allowing them to come to terms with the differences observed in the key cultural dimensions. Background, Setting, and Plot The plot of the movie is quite basic for a romantic comedy; namely, it centers Todd, the protagonist, who must make a business trip to India in order to outsource experts for his department. On his journey, he meets multiple new acquaintances, including Asha, who will, later on, become his love interest. After his experience during the Holi festival, Todd gradually changes his initially biased perception of Indian people and culture. However, at his company, an emergency leads to the outsourcing project being cancelled and moved to China. Asha tells Todd that she is writing a book about their encounter, and suggests him to help her, after which they become a couple and move in together. After Todd returns to the U.S. Asha calls him, and the movie abruptly ends. Scenario Analysis: The Hofstede Perspective Power Distance Hofstede’s Model applies perfectly to “Outsourced,” with every element of it falling into its place perfectly to explain the phenomenon of cross-cultural communication, the rise in diversity rates and the resistance to change that team members are likely to have. Specifically, the misalignment between the expectations that the leading character has of the new staff members and the Indian employees’ perception of their role in the organization, a