ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Probably the most dramatic event in 20 th century’s U.S. history was America’s entry into WW2. In its turn, this entry has been triggered by Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Therefore, it does not come as particular surprise why researching this event represents not only historical but also political, military and philosophical interest – after all, due to what happened on that date, America had lost a part of its ‘innocence’, as nation. 1 This also explains why, throughout the course of 20 th century, there has been a number of movies and documentaries produced, in which the attack on Pearl Harbor accounts for the main theme. In this paper, we will compare and contrast how earlier mentioned historical event is being portrayed in Richard Fleischer and Akira Kurosawa’s 1970 movie “Tora! Tora! Tora!”, in Michael Bay’s 2001 movie “Pearl Harbor”, and in British 1998 documentary “Great Mysteries And Myths Of The Twentieth Century: The Mystery of Pearl Harbor”, narrated by Robert Powell. What sets “Tora! Tora! Tora!” apart from “Pearl Harbor” is that movie’s initial titles claim the full historical authenticity of depicted events: “All of the events and characters depicted are true to historical fact” (00.24.00). And, the watching of this movie largely supports the validity of such a claim, as directors had made a point in representing Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor as having been dialectically predetermined by the particulars of geopolitical situation in the world at that time. 2 According to the movie, in 1941, the Japanese only had two options of how to deal with an acute shortage of natural resources, experienced by their country due to America’s trade embargo – they had either to pull out of China or to declare war on U.S., in desperate attempt to ensure the continuous existence of Japan as an Empire. There is a memorable scene in the movie, which depicts Japanese high-ranking politicians in the midst of deciding of how to deal with the situation: “America is against the war we are waging in China… Now we are threatened with an embargo on raw materials we need… Either we improve relations with the U.S. and withdraw from China, or find another source of raw materials in Indo-China” (00.08.17). Reluctantly, Japanese politicians had chosen in favor of second option- hence, sealing their country’s eventual demise. Such directors’ treatment of a theme of what prompted Japanese to declare war on America is being indeed consistent with the notion of historical authenticity. A
‘Mens sana in corpore cano’ is a well-known Latin proverb, which, according to Webster Dictionary, is translated like: ‘Sound mind in sound body’. Only recently the scientists have researched the link between body and mind. Actually, the thing is that as strong your health is, as much success your brain “brings” you (Brailer, 2006). The students of our department have already got acquainted with the above mentioned research, that is why they try both: to study well and to promote the healthy way of life. Today, the Creig College campus health office is seeking for developing the programs to meet the diverse needs of our students. We would like to introduce you our health community. First of all, our campus is situated outside the town, that is why the place we live is not very polluted. We have 6, 000 residents, including the community outside the campus. What should the student have to be healthy and feel good? The answer is: the leisure time. Thus, everything that is needed for a student is situated here: Movie Theater, a few restaurants, a shopping mall, two taverns and a roller-rink. If one shopping mall is not enough, the students have the opportunity to go to the nearest city in twenty miles. The city is not overwhelmed with transport. The bus system connects the college to major air, rail and the Atlantus commuter systems. It also provides access to the major area shopping malls. Everyone has a possibility to raid the bicycle or simply have a sun in the fresh air (Health Insurance, 2010) We would like to point out on the obvious connection between the mind and healthy body of or students, as 75% of them have the scholarship. Our students know how they are willing to live in th
Introduction The health sector in Australia is rapidly expanding, owing to the expanding health care needs, the growing population, and the increasing number of informed patients (Loney et al. 2013). Hence, there is a need for continuous training and development of healthcare personnel, specifically nurses and midwives, through a practical evidence-based curriculum. Such a curriculum should be anchored on outcome-based approaches supported by nursing theory and benchmarks. It should allow nurses and midwives to continue sharpening their skills and knowledge through learning and education. One must know the extent or degree of attainment of intended outcomes for a curriculum. In other words, the right knowledge among health workers is essential in facilitating decision-making that supports safety programs and initiatives in health facilities. This situation calls for the need for a framework that can enhance the educators’ judgment when developing or adjusting assessments. This paper adopts Bearman et al.’s (2016) Assessment Design Decisions Framework. The rationale behind the choice of the framework is that it offers a platform for occupational health experts to adopt the best decisions when establishing an assessment plan. However, the main task of this paper entails designing a curriculum whose objective is to produce competent, confident, and highly compassionate occupational health nurses who are ready to meet the challenges of the Australian healthcare environment. However, the integration of an assessment framework facilitates the adjustment and attainment of new knowledge that can guarantee better outcomes in the various work environments where occupational nurses are employed. Curriculum Document The curriculum will be delivered through systematic knowledge-based lectures that will involve direct interactions between tutors and students or experienced occupational nurses and students. The above model of delivery is founded on the fact that occupational health nurses require a well-developed practical knowledge base and a specialized set of skills, which they deploy during health promotion and when assessing risks in a given work setting (Parkay, Anctil & Hass 2014; Boud & Soler 2016). The tutor-student and occupational nurse-student interactions will take place in class and work settings. The work setting will be reflective of areas where students who successfully complete the course would work. While the class setting will establish the theoretical foundation set of skills and knowledge, the practical environment will foster the actual implementation of the class-acquired skills and knowledge by way of watching, active involvement, and taking directions under the superintendence and control of an experienced occupational health nurse in
While discussing humanitarian intervention in Lybia, I would like to consider some fundamentals of the term. First of all, there is a need to point out what humanitarian intervention is. “The term humanitarian intervention encompasses a wide range of possible actions—including economic sanctions and diplomatic efforts—and involves military force only in the most extreme cases” (Palmer par. 5). In other words, one can make a conclusion that the so-called humanitarian intervention is considered to be war . In my opinion, the term should be changed, as its meaning seems to be quite strange and doesn’t reflect the essence of the matter. When speaking about humanitarian intervention in Lybia, it is necessary to point out that an International law does not support the kind of intervention, which is related to military operations. In other words, it is obvious that the so-called humanitarian intervention is based on international war; so, does anybody can state that involving international war is legal? I think the answer is evident. Valentino is of the opinion that “Yet even if the intervention does ultimately give birth to a stable and prosperous democracy, this outcome will not prove that intervention was the right choice in Libya or that similar interventions should be attempted elsewhere” (p. 60). Taking into account the events, which took place in Lybia, one can think
General Education Assessment Nowadays the schools are “the largest consumers of the intelligence tests” (Nijenhuis, Evers, & Mur, 2000, p. 99). They use the results of the students’ abilities assessment to predict the students’ academic productivity based on the analysis of the correlation between the tests’ scores and students’ performance. The test outcomes play a significant role in the administrative decision-making regarding the educational modes and schooling environment. Therefore, the adequate validity must be represented. In the educational institutions, the psychology specialists are responsible for the detection of the causes of the students’ outperformance in classes. The psychologists in schools also assist teachers in the correction of the educational plans and interventions aimed at the increase of students’ academic achievements. The professionals apply the standardized testing for the identification of developmental delays or defects in cognitive processes – perception, attention, memory, thinking, undeveloped educational activity, health conditions, lack of educational motivation, etc. One of the professional goals of the school psychologist is the timely identification various psychological and learning disabilities and developmental disorders in children and adolescents. Psychologists need to address these children to the further psychological, medical and pedagogical examinations. The Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) is one of the widely used standardized tests for the assessment of multiple abilities in students or organizational personnel. The test helps to evaluate the numerical abilities, verbal and abstract reasoning, usage of language, the abilities of spatial dimensions estimation, etc. (Taylor, 1999, p. 2). According to the representatives of the psychological organizations and committees, “the psychometric qualities of the DAT are rated highest” among all the tests invented for the evaluation of the cognitive abilities in both children and adults (Nijenhuis, Evers, & Mur, 2000, p. 102). Validity may be defined as the criteria of measurements reliability of the psychological qualities and phenomena assessed in the test. Validity represents test’s effectiveness and pertinence. The validity level of the best tests usually doesn’t exceed 80%. In the study conducted by Nijenhuis and colleagues (2000), the reliability coefficients were: “Vocabulary 0.84, Spelling 0.73, Language Usage 0.78, Verbal Reasoning 0.75, Abstract Reasoning 0.85, Spatial Relations 0.90, Mechanical Reasoning 0.84, Numerical Ability 0.83 and Clerical Speed and Accuracy 0.86” (p. 102). The reliability data is represented by Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest (for Clerical Speed and Accur
Introducing technology is associated with an array of reactions. Whereas some technologies are perceived positively and embraced very fast, others face some resistance and their integration into the desired environment may be rather slow. The latter is the apparent case for electronic health records (EHR) system, which is meant to make work easier, but the nurses fail to understand this and instead deem it as an invasion to the already prevailing sociocultural structure. Therefore, this paper aims at discussing the adoption strategy for this system so that it can gain momentum in usage within the hospital. I will use the five paramount qualities as discussed by Rogers (2003, p. 15-17) to show the essence of EHR in delivery of health care. To begin with Rogers indicates that the relative advantage, which is the ability of an innovation to yield better results than those which are realized by an already existing but outmoded technique, determines the receipt of new technology (2003. p.15). Despite the fact that there has been mixed evidence with regard to the quality of EHR, according to Bates (2010), it is important to note that most of this evidence is based on cross-sectional studies that require verification from more valid studies such as randomized controlled trials. Nonetheless, EHR has been associated with reduced costs and improved performance with regard to preventive care and management of medical supplies when decisions have already been made as opposed to making decisions guided by the EHR while delivering care (Murphy, 2011; Bates, 2010, p. 174). I presume that the nurses are informed of the instances of failure realized in some institutions, but according to Darwin’s model of imperatives for change, attitude greatly influences the manner in which change is executed. Fickenscher & Bakerman (2011, p. 64) second this model in their view that change is a personal endeavor that is influenced by feelings of adequacy/inadequacy, entitlement, personal mastery, personal gain and a sense of loss. Therefore, the nurses need to learn of the benefits of the EHR in comparison to some of its setbacks, which are common during the introduction of mega projects (Cresswell & Sheikh, 2009, p. 155). Sensitizing the nurses on the importance of EHR in enhancing interconnection among all the health care professionals is essential. The new technology may seem like a threat to the profession of the individual health workers, but the nurses need to understand that it has not been invented for this purpose. The EHR aims at building powerful relationships among the health workers, who will be largely involved in exchange of health care information to enhance delivery of care. This is no doubt a new project whose actual failures have not been established while controlling for attitudes and perceptions from the end-users. I will enlighten the nurses on the need to have a positive perception on the new technology because realization of benefits with regard
Introduction (Stratus and MS.NET) In order to support continuous processing and provide the maximum uptime possible, comprehensive server solutions are required to address areas such as hardware, software and service. Within the Windows market, it is reported that only Stratus technologies, together with its distribution channel partners offer this total solution (Sherman n.d.). The Stratus ftServer systems include features that support continuous processing. This is due to experience of over two decades in assuring uptime for mission-critical and business-critical applications all over the world (Sherman n.d.). All aspects necessary for continuous processing work concurrently to avoid unplanned downtime and not merely minimize it. A key design aspect considered in manufacturing the ftServer system is the prevention of downtime, which differentiates the system from traditional servers (Sherman n.d.). These ftServer systems are engineered to support continuous processing capabilities through the use of three fundamental elements namely, lockstep technology, failsafe software and ActiveService architecture (Sherman n.d). Lockstep technology uses similar fault-tolerant hardware components that process the same set of instructions at the same time. In the event of component malfunction the remaining set of the hardware components can continue execution averting system downtime (Sherman n.d). Failsafe software works hand in hand with the lockstep technology with the goal of prevention of software errors. Unlike most servers, ftServer hardware and software solve most errors transparently providing a shield for the operating system, middleware and application software (Sherman n.d.). In addition to that the ftServer is designed with ActiveService capabilities that enables built-in serviceability that is not provided by other vendors. The servers constantly monitor their activity and when a fault is detected the server generates a cal specifying what action to take (Sherman n.d.). Availability of a server is measured as the amount of time in a 24 hour or 7-day cycle that a server is available to perform required instructions. Servers are often used to support a wide range of functions such as the supply of web pages from the World Wide Web or support a corporate intranet with file and print or email (Stratus n.d.). Regardless of the purpose of the server, it is important that the level of availability matches the applications and functions assigned to that server. The IT industry states that 99.9 percent uptime is considered high availability, whereas the goal of Stratus technology is to go beyond availability of 99.9 percent (Stratus n.d.). This point is better illustrated when we
Chapter 1 In Chapter 1, Dr. David Jeremiah argues that people can only feel truly fulfilled if they have dreams. The author recounts his own experiences and shares with the readers that his life is as exciting and colorful as his dreams are. To illustrate that dreams are far greater than memories that people tend to cling to, Dr. Jeremiah uses the example of retirement. Some, believers or not, enter the “retirement mindset” and leave behind their dreams (Jeremiah, 2020). However, people are never too old to serve the Lord and put all their strength into spreading God’s wisdom. According to Dr. Jeremiah (2020), Christians do not have permission to simply check out of life once they reach a certain age since the practice of Christianity is a lifetime commitment. The author interprets the words of Jesus Christ himself and concludes that people have the potential to do greater works than Jesus, which is tied to the coming of the Spirit of God. Therefore, it becomes clear that Christians do have the ability to create permanent changes on Earth if they prioritize spirituality over the material. Dr. Jeremiah (2020) writes “the spiritual is far more important than the material (…) the eternal is infinitely more important than the temporal” (p. 17). The author makes an excellent point in arguing that the deeds of Jesus, although truly miracles, remained temporary. Hence, Jesus proclaimed that his followers can do “greater works” which means that their deeds can be temporary and their message – eternal. Dr. Jeremiah (2020) finishes chapter 1 by explaining to the readers that “greater works” Jesus talked about can be accomplished only through prayer. At the end of the chapter, the author warns that to engage in prayer, it is crucial to abandon the past, which parallels his earlier point that dreams become greater when people leave their memories behind. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 guides readers towards a better understanding of the Holy Spirit and its significance in the Christian faith. According to Dr. Jeremiah (2020), a lot of believers are often confused about the Spirit of God, a quintessential part of the Holy Trinity. The author argues that “when people try to describe the person and ministry of the Spirit, they become mystical, vague, tentative – and maybe a little uncomfortable” (Jeremiah, 2020, p. 20). Dr. Jeremiah notes that the misunderstanding of the Holy Spirit can be determined by the traditions and attitudes one grows up around. Since the purpose of Dr. Jeremiah’s book is to inspire Christians to embrace the significance in the teachings and practice of Christianity through the Spirit of God, the author emphasizes the importance of the Spirit by listing how the Spirit helps believers. Firstly, Dr. Jeremiah (2020) mentions that it is impossible to find salvation without the Spirit of God. In addition, no one can possess assurance and true holiness without the Holy Spirit (Jeremiah,
Introduction Cognitive Abilities refers to abilities such as concept formation, intelligent quotient, memory, problem solving, perception, visualization, attention, language learning abilities, mental imagery and actions. It has been argued variously about the cognitive skills of men and women and while some argue that men have better cognitive skills others argue that women are equally adept in certain grades of cognitive skills. The paper would argue that there is no difference between men and women as far as general cognitive skills are concerned. However, there are certain patterns observed where men and women show different scores for different types of cognitive abilities. Main body The question of women’s intelligence in comparison to men has been debated since the past few centuries with Charles Darwin arguing that women were inferior to men as far as the mental ability was concerned. This may have been true to a certain extent since in the medieval era and even in the 18 th century, women were vain creatures who were only interested in gossip and dressing. Learning and writing was a rarity in those days and even many Kings were illiterate and it was only scholars who could read and write. The issue came up again while deciding if women should be allowed to vote. However, all argument pro and con were based on anecdotal data and no proper scientific tests were conducted. Paul Broca discovered in 1861 after weighing brains from male and female cadavers that male brains weighted 1.325 kilograms on an average while female brains weighted 1.144 kilograms. The conclusion drawn was that since men’s brains were larger, they had more intelligence. This study did not consider factors such as body weight to brain ratio and the social background of the subjects and hence the results are rejected for this paper (Colom, 2002). The American Psychological Association conducted a study among a number of male and female graduates and undergraduates to asses their IQ levels. The professionally administered and conducted tests showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the IQ of men and women. Lynn (1999) on the other hand reviewed published results of standard tests and concluded that men had an IQ of 3 to 4 points higher than women. He further conducted tests using Standard and Advanced Progressive Matrices and concluded that men had an IQ greater than 5 points than women. However, Ankney (2002) conducted tests on 2404 people by subjecting them to the California Verbal Learning Test. The author concluded that there were certain mediating variables that influenced the scores for men and women. When these variables were in favour of men, they tended to score higher and the reverse was also true and the author concluded that there was no evidence to show that men were essentially more intelligent than women. The series of tests show that both APA and Ankney conducted tests that were designed to prevent certain variables that influenced either men’s or women’s scores and these results are more admissible. On the other hand, the tests conducted by Lynn are not acceptable since th