ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction British Airways (BA) is the leading airline in the United Kingdom (UK). The company’s main operational hubs are Heathrow and Gatwick airports (Heathrow Airport Limited 2019; London Air Travel 2018). Its fleet size is comprised of about 270 aircraft, while its flying routes span across 170 destinations (Routes Online 2019; Jarvis 2017). BA’s strategic direction is based on a three-pronged strategy, which focuses on expanding its airline fleet, transforming customer experiences and growing its global route network (British Airways PLC 2016; (Burke & Noumair 2015). In line with this strategy, The company’s competitive advantage is linked to four key performance indicators (KPIs): financial performance, customer service, operations and colleagues (British Airways PLC 2019). Its dominance on the transatlantic route and its Heathrow operational base is also key competitive advantages (Burke & Noumair 2015). According to figure 1 below, BA’s financial performance within the last eight years has marginally improved from £ 8,537 million to £13,020 million (Statista 2019). Figure 1. BA’s revenue Although the company’s financial performance has steadied throughout the decade, its customer service record has declined. YGR (2018) and Efthymiou et al. (2019) support this view by noting that the public perceptions of the airline’s brand value and quality have decreased by 11.5 and 13.4 points, respectively. In this report, different strategic management tools, such as SWOT analysis, will be relied on to analyse BA’s performance, and they are useful to individuals who would want to invest in the company. An analysis of the company’s key differentiating factors is highlighted below. Differentiation In an industry crowded with many competitors, airlines are struggling to differentiate their services and create dominant alliances to stay ahead of their rivals (Sharma & Singh 2017). The concept of market differentiation stems from the need for businesses to provide unique products to selected markets (Airline Trends 2015). Different strategic analysis tools are used to assess a firm’s differentiation strategy. One of them is the Ansoff matrix, and it is used to review BA’s strategy in table 1 below. Table 1. Ansoff matrix                                                 Product Development                                                                        Market Penetration                                * New aircraft                                                                             * Stiff competition from other airlines         * New facilities                                                                           * Mergers and acquisition (Jarvis 2014)         * Virtual booki
Introduction An organization’s success in recruitment activities affects its efficiency significantly, as well as its effectiveness in the selection process. Here, selection entails a process of choosing from many applicants an individual who has the qualifications for a particular job opening. A pool of applicant that is adequate provides the organization with big attitude in selecting the employees and therefore reduces the amount of latitude. This may eventually result in employment of candidates who are marginally qualified. The procedure is a difficult process because it involves making judgments about people. Recruiting of managers involves examining the ability of a person and how well they can fit in the organization to do a particular job. Making these determinations requires skills, efforts and time. Moreover, for a selection process to be effective, such decisions must be made carefully in order to minimize potential negative impacts, financial and otherwise on the organization which might arise as a result of hiring the wrong managers. It is, therefore, important to involve a cognitive ability test, a work sample test, a test on personality and a structured overview in the procedures of selection in order to get a potential manager fit for the job (Ployhart, Schneider & Schmitt, 2006). Methods of Selecting Applicants A cognitive ability test is important to understand the individuals’ mental capability in understanding various issues. This is one ethical method of eliminating from further consideration those individuals whose qualifications, even though they have passed the preliminary inspection, do not measure up to the standards of the job position. Based on the results of a test, applicants may be asked to take some tests on employment. Applicants passing the cognitive test interview may be asked to do the exercise at this stage. In this test, an applicant is given a task to carry out and give the results which are later examined. The results are assumed to reflect the ability of an applicant to perform in the workplace. These are ethical methods where scores are set from the results of real experiment. The scores from the test carried by applicants are then evaluated and if they are favorable, a job offer is made but if unfavorable, no job offer is extended ( Caruth, Caruth & Pane, 2008). A test on personality is another important and ethical exercise in recruiting of managers. This is whereby morals and behaviors of an individual are tested and applied in a real working situation. Good morals will furnish a good reputation for the organization, and therefore managers ought to have these values. The performance of an organization is also reflected by the ethics and moral values of employees and therefore the test is very crucial to be carried out. This is followed by a structured interview whose main focus is an in-depth evaluation of the qualification of applicants. In some organizations, individuals successfully completing their employment are sent to an assessment center where they complete a series of tests, in addition to engaging in various simulations to further assess their capabilities. If they compl
Conflict Resolution Styles I am an administrator at the US marine. For a long time, we have desired to execute changes in the training of female recruits. It is important to mention that the pull-up test is a crucial part of marine training. In the case of female recruits, it is necessary to carry out a proper recruiting process so that they can successfully undergo the pull-up test. I suggested that the physical fitness test for female recruits should be changed. Flexed arm hang, sit-ups, and three-mile run is the main exercises done by female recruits. When I proposed that we should change the latter, two of my assistant administrators objected to the idea of arguing that the existing exercise was sufficient. My idea was that a pull-up requirement would sufficiently strengthen the upper part of the body. As an administrator, I executed the changes and ignored their objections. However, the two assistant administrators went ahead and ganged up to persuade the female recruits to reject the proposed changes. As a result, about half of the recruits failed to attend the Wednesday morning grills. Since this is a workplace conflict, I requested a joint meeting for all the recruits and administrators. I opted to employ communication to resolve the conflict. All of us openly discussed the pros and cons of the proposed changes. By the end of the meeting, they all agreed to support the proposals. Diplomatic dialogue played a key role in resolving the conflict. This conflict resolution style can be incorporated in daily communication by making sure that each individual involved in an issue is given a chance to share his or her opinion (McCabe & Rabil, 2002). Ethical communication Effective communication is an integral part of management in the workplace. Therefore, management must inform employees of all the key elements of ethical behavior in the workplace. Management communication is part and parcel of ethical practice in organizations (Overe, Kooskora & Valler, 2002). This implies that ethical standards should be applied at all times when disseminating information to employees. For example, employees who have proved to be ethical in their practice should be recognized by the management of an organization. When an employee is rewarded because of demonstrating ethical behavior in the workplace, other employees will also desire to follow the same trend. In other terms, rewards or verbal recognitions in public assist in setting the best ethical standards in an organization. Verbal or non-verbal formats can be used by the management to demonstrate ethical communication at the place of work. Hence, ethical behavior should be reinforced by management. In regards to other employees who are not ready to be ethical when communicating, the management can make use of unethical behavior as a vital tool in teaching ethical behavior. Such employees will be able to appraise the merits of ethical behavior when they are taken through rigorous capacity building and training. The above is an example of communicating ethically because role models are recognized and rewarded in public as a means of boosting ethical behavior at the place of work. Also, when the man
The ethical self-assessment is the effective tool to pay attention to the attributes and qualities associated with the ethical aspects which require the further development because the concentration on answering the questions makes a person thinking about the complex ethical issues in detail. After completing the ethical self-assessment, I focused on analyzing the factors which can influence my ethical decision making. I have learned that my leadership qualities associated with ethical decision making are developed enough in order to influence my communication with colleagues or team members to persuade them to focus more on the effective resolution of the ethical issues, but I need to pay more attention to initiating the discussion of the most controversial questions and to encourage the persons’ involvement in the discussion. Following the ethical self-assessment results, I can state that my actions in relation to ethical decision making are consistent and respond to the accepted professional ethical standards. Thus, I am inclined to focus on the immediate and detailed discussion of the problem and further conflict resolution in order to satisfy the needs of all the parties involved in the discussion or conflict. I can determine my strengths in relation to ethical decision making which was highlighted with the help of the self-assessment. I am inclined to develop positive relationships with the team and clients while focusing on the principles of equitable treatment of patients (Edwards et al., 2011, p. 1654). Furthermore, I respect diversity and the visions and opinions of the other persons. It is important for me to draw the people’s attention to ethical standards and mechanisms to contribute to effective decision making and conflict resolution. However, if I actively participate in the discussion of the controversial ethical problem and propose the effective resolutions according to the ethical standards and codes, it is rather difficult for me to start the discussion and draw the Board’s attention to the problem. This behavioral pattern can influence my ethical decision making that is why it is necessary to develop the associated leadership attributes. The ACHE ethical standards provide the basics for making important decisions in relation to different ethical questions. That is why the ACHE standards influence my ethical decision making significantly because I operate the norms and standards presented in the ACHE Code of Ethics directly. From this point, the resolution of the problematic issues or ethical decision making can be irrelevant without reference to the principles of resolving and discussing different personal, professional, and social conflicts or issues (Botes, 2000, p. 1077). Addressing the ethical uncertainties or concerns, I refer to the ACHE standards in order to develop my approach in relation to ethical decision making. Focusing on the decision-making processes, I can state that I also follow my individual ethics along with the ACHE standards and principles of ethical decis
The shortage of nursing professionals in the US healthcare system is a significant problem as it puts patient safety at risk and is associated with increased healthcare costs. Imbalanced patient-to-nurse ratios are positively correlated with an elevated rate of patient mortality, adverse side effects, medical errors, and longer hospital stay (Morioka, Tomio, Seto, & Kobayashi, 2017). A failure to ensure a proper level of patient safety can be extremely expensive for hospitals. Even though staffing may be expensive as well, and a higher number of nurses hired means greater amounts are spent for salaries, expenses for nursing resources are hard to compare to massive costs that may be induced by the poor quality of care. Therefore, improvements in patient-to-nurse ratios can substantially benefit hospitals in terms of both patient and financial outcomes. I think that the introduction of mandated patient-nurse ratios and the improvement of workplace environments can help address the problem of the nurse shortage more effectively than increased funding for education. Nowadays, a large number of high-quality education programs exist and, although nurses are encouraged to attain higher educational levels, they may enter into the profession without a bachelor’s degree. In my opinion, this system and the overall quality of education at the present moment add to the development of the workforce and contribute to the resolution of the shortage issue. On the contrary, many hospitals still fail to provide healthcare practitioners with adequate work environments. As a result of improper patient-to-nurse ratios, professionals are exposed to excessive workloads and other job stresses, which may strengthen one’s intention to leave the profession (Hämmig, 2018). In the past, I also had a chance of working in a hospital where a patient-nurse ratio could reach approximately 10:1 during some shifts. Luckily, I did not witness any serious medical errors and cases of patient neglect, yet the whole situation put extreme pressure on all team members. Some miscommunications took place frequently and, for this reason, the work process was not as efficient and effective as it was intended to be. Moreover, the inability to handle the excess workload and meet high professional standards at the same time caused a feeling of dissatisfaction with own performance and the workplace as such. This experience proves that poorly balanced patient-to-nurse ratios can contribute to the problem of workforce shortage. There is a need to tackle it at the policy level through the introduction of mandatory standards.
Abstract This research paper provides an insight into the convergence of transportation congestion and security at a United States seaport. Most of the streets in various states of the US experience transportation congestion due to increased use of road and rail networks among others. However, the analysis of seaport congestion demands comprehension of its effects of on the national economy. A purposeful perspective should be applied in vehicle and ship demeanors in the modal networks. It should figure out how these modes of transport compete for the limited spaces on the networks. On the other hand, the user’s viewpoint is a reflection of the expected functionality of the transport system. To manage transport congestion effectively, a combination of behaviors of the physical traffic and users’ expectations of the operational ability of the system are merged. Transportation congestion has caused problems such as prevention of free movement of people, goods, and vehicles. This situation has further resulted in disruption of daily business performances and increased insecurity among others. Cases such as theft and terrorism have heightened because of nature of traffic at the US seaports. As a result, there has been increased fear of being mugged or losing large amounts of dollars at the facilities. The U.S. has strived to manage all aspects transport congestion and security at the seaports by addressing the problems and measures that minimize costs. This research paper elaborates on the e
Project Background Building fire remains one of the greatest threats to human life working in building. Fire threatens governments, weaken economies and effectively destabilize societies and kill people. Building fire thus has important ramifications for the nation-state as well as for the corporate world. Increasingly, arsons and other flammable goods have seriously affected economies by bring down business and destroying human life. Occupational safety of buildings is one of the most challenging phenomena in the modern world take for example the recent fire at twin world center caused by a terrorist act of hijacking airplanes and destroyed the building. That incident is will remain in the mind of people for many years to come. This project undertakes to study fire protection services that are available to those users. Project Scope The scope of study follows literature review of fire protection measures currently available and being utilized by companies and building owners to achieve protection of buildings and user. The building administrator manages the entire gamut of processes from training to installation of safety equipment for providing a pre-defined measure of fire protection. The capabilities required by the fire protection manager in managing the building are involving. What are the necessary attributes required by a fire protection department of a building to manage building based on end user requirements outlined by organizational objectives. This study focuses only on developing fire protection procedures, equipments and training required necessary to assist and to improve the processes, which has been calibrated to deliver a specific fire protection measures meeting the required standards. However, this study assumes that other factors like reputation of the building, financial stability are of less consequence. Options Available There are many options available for fire protection for people in these incidents. To begin with there are many equipments that are installed in the building to protect fire fighters. Some of the apparatus available is sprinkler system which uses water or gas in mitigating the effect of fire breakout. The sprinkler should have a longer horse pipe for the water sprinkler or a lighter cylinder for those using the cylinder to put off the fire these systems should be strategically placed so that no corner or area of the building should be inaccessible. The pumps that will be used should have water throughout to ensure that when there fire breakout it shall not become destructive. each building should ensure that their staff members are trained of the following. How to use the alarm system to alert about impeccable danger, the alarm system that used should be strategically placed so that it can be accessible to all users in the building especially those with knowledge about thee building Causes of Fire Although you cannot see it, the current running through your electric is a source of heat and if a fault develops in the wiring ,that heat can easily become excessive and start afire. In fact neglect and misuse of wiring and electrical appliances are t
Creating an opportunity or encouraging other individuals to pursue their goals is an essential element in the modern world. Additionally, creating new systematic approaches is the primary characteristic of the modern leader. I also had a chance to change the flow of the events in the community and contribute to the positive changes in the society. In 2015, I participated in the Case Competition (Capital Venture Game), which contributed to the development of the business idea to improve the living conditions of the locals. The primary goal was to design the relevant solution to find the equilibrium between supply and demand related to the number of cars and a limited number of the parking lots. This problem is essential in China due to the intensified traffic in the streets. Our team was eager to develop the suitable solution, which will decrease the impact of the problem on the society. It remains evident that the streets remain overcrowded to the high traffic, and it might be one of the potential reasons for the respiratory problems among the i
Introduction The book “Out of Our Heads” by a philosopher, neuroscientist, and cognitive scientist, Alva Noe is aimed at the reorganization of our vision of consciousness as the “secret” of the human brain. Many years have passed after Rene Descartes uttered the idea that has become almost a saying: “Cognito ergo sum” that means “I think, therefore I am”. The main aim of the analyzed author is to reorganize Descartes’ statement completely. In his book, Alva Noe poses the idea that contradicts the one that is stated above, he says that a human being exists, therefore he thinks. The approach of this scientist and philosopher is rather innovative, however, the ideas he presents are often repeated by him in the course of the book as if he aims his work at a very inattentive reader. Besides, his ideas often lack basis and the evidence is absent. The only idea that is uttered is really uncontestable: “only one proposition about how the brain makes us conscious – how it gives rise to sensation, feeling, and subjectivity – has emerged unchallenged: We don’t have a clue” (Noe unpaged). The clue is, unfortunately, not found, neither suggested by the author. The book abounds in controversies, for instance, the author makes use of the process of dreaming to show that the work of the brain alone is not sufficient for the creation of consciousness. The formulation of the hypothesis To begin with, it is necessary to cast light on the fact that the author enlarges the theory of consciousness that is reduced to “brains in vans” by contemporary science (Noe 4). Thus, he presents the idea that contradicts the common view of the human mind and mind on the whole. The novelty of his hypothesis is in its cumulative character: he asserts that human consciousness is not and should not be confined to the human brain only. He states that the mind is the product of the interrelation of three things: the human brain, the human body, and the environment or surroundings in which the activity takes place (Noe 10). Thus, consciousness is the activity of a human being that is generated by him. The phenomenon of dreaming The nature and the mechanism of the creation of human dreams is the area that is covered with the darkness of our ignorance as well as the area of consciousness. However, there is no denying the fact that the phenomena of dreaming and consciousness are interrelated. This can be observed if we consider the generally adopted definition of dreaming that can be found in every dictionary, even not a specialized one. Thus, dreaming is “a series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep” (Pace-Schott 198). Thus, the very definition presents confrontation with the point of view of Noe since the word “involuntary” does not fit into his theory at all. Dreaming as the phenomenon contradicting Noe’s theory Judging by the philosopher’s theory, surrounding is the necessary element, without which the existence of consciousness would be impossible. However, the natural question that arises ab