ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
For many years, social scientists have debated the advantages of marriage due to the characteristics of people who marry and stay married. Do marriage itself – and the status of being a married person create certain advantages? The answer is both. Economically and educationally advantage people, who are religiously observant, and who grew with married parents are more likely to marry and stay married than others. Marriage itself can transform people’s lives, changing their lifestyles, habits, associations, and in ways that are personally and socially beneficial (Fischer, pp. 59-61). Thus, it is logical to choose an institution that is so influential in the parameter of society and daily life. Marriage embeds people within larger social networks; married parents have a better chance to recruit help, friendship, and emotional support in the community. Through marriage, men become more involved with others. It makes one more social and civilized, as a married couple needs to be in the parameters of the society, and there are specific norms that are to be followed. These norms are generally good practices, and on a personal note, it can be mentioned that it has been a great experience being a part of society and a member of this institution of marriage. The family, which is the nurturing ground and basic component part of society, somehow turns into a hotbed of crisis and anxiety for children when their parents are involved in bitter acrimony and fail to live up to the sanctimony of the relationship. As such, the crumbling family unit makes the child feel insecure, and the trauma thereby endured may manifest itself in unsocial behavior, incompetence at school, and alienation from the peer group. Somehow, the age of the child during the separation of the parents is directly proportional to the amount of psychological pressure endured and consistently poor academic performances. This is the most negative aspect of marriage, and on a personal note, it can be stated that as a child, this experience, though for a short span, was not healthy. Marriage is far from perfect, and getting married does not turn people into saints. Nevertheless, in spite of its acknowledged problems and flaws, marriage remains a vital source of social good, individual benefits, caregiving, emotional attachments and long-term commitments. People, who are married, though far from perfect, try to behave in ways that benefit themselves, their children and society as a whole. They control their language and behavior and this is a prime example of symbolic interactionism that is instrumental in the institution of marriage (Fischer, p. 227). The aspect of functionalism of marriage is multifold. As the primary social institution leading familial and kinship relationships, marriage is a source of social capital. Married fathers serve as important role model for their own children and other people’s children also. They can be a valuable social resource in communities to children who lack responsible fathers or positive male role models. Married mothers are more relaxed and caring and this renders a positive effect on the children. The social bonds creat
According to the stock market records, the company has witnessed an upward trend in its share prices. This clearly indicates that the firm is performing well and that its future is bright. As at May 2002, the share price ranged between 15 and16. However, its price appreciated up to 43 in the year 2012 despite fluctuations resulting from economic forces and the environment. In addition, the company has experienced an increase in the amount earned per Share with the basic Earning per Share increasing from 0.78 in 2003, to 2.39 in 2012 (Business Hoovers Press, 2011). From the records, the share prices lack stability, which depicts a risk to shareholders. Instability in price shares would discourage potential shareholders, and this makes it hard to predict and project its future performance. Improved performance of the share price of Saputo has also been influenced by acquisitions. Indeed, one of the key pillars of the company’s strengths lies in acquisitions. There is a positive correlation between acquisitions and corporate performance. Managers believe that a takeover increases corporate efficiency as well as increases shareholders’ wealth. For instance, the company reported high revenues early this year, a factor that can be attributed to its acquisition of Wisconsin’s DCI Cheese Co (Saputo.com, 2011). These acquisitions especially the move to acquire international property has been a bold move, which has enabled the company to penetrate into the international market. Other acquisitions include the F&A Dairy of California, Biscuits Rondeau Incorporation and Boulangerie Inc. among others. Indeed, the net earnings from its operations in December 2011 went up to $ 129 million or 65 cents per share from $ 112.1 million or 54 cents per share. During the same period, the net earnings rose by 18% to $1.8 billion (Burns & Salamatian, 2004). By looking at the EBITDA of Saputo, it can be deduced the profitability of the company over the years. For any investor keen on buying stocks from this company, the EBITDA could provide a rough estimate of how viable Saputo has been on its operations over the years (Plunkett, 2008). Indeed, looking at the cash flows generated in the last 6 years before any capital expenditures provides an optimal value of Saputo since capital expenditures may not be useful or they might earn substandard returns, which might put off investors. According to the company reports, the company reported an EBITDA of $ 803 million, which is much higher than that of the EBITDA industry. Such performance can be a tremendous boost to investor confidence in the company, which might result in a higher interest in the stock of SAPUTO INC (
Introduction The First World War was the first large-scale war and it involved almost all nations in the world. The US joined this war in 1917 and to assist in the war efforts, it sent air combat units to Europe. One of the most famous American aviation heroes of the First World War is Eddie Rickenbacker. Early Life Edward Rickenbacker was born in 1890 to Swiss immigrant parents in Ohio. He endured a hard childhood since his parents were poor and could not provide adequately for their eight children. He did odd jobs until 1906, when he went to work for the racecar driver, Lee Frayer. By 1912, Rickenbacker had established his own reputation as an ace racer gaining nationwide popularity (Glines 13). Military Service In 1917, Rickenbacker joined the army and immediately went to the European battlefront. His first position in France was as an Army General’s chauffer (Ruffin 249). However, Rickenbacker expressed his desire to serve in the air force since he was sure that he could use his aggressive car racing talents to become an efficient Allied pilot in the war. He was allowed to attend flight training and subsequently joined the 94th Aero Squadron as a fighter pilot (Glines 14). He proved his prowess in the air by achieving a number of victories. Ruffin reveals that due to his aerial aptitude, Rickenbacker was made commander of his unit in September 1918 and promoted to captain in the next month (250). By the end of the war, he had accumulated 300 combat hours, survived 134 aerial encounters with enemy planes and shot down 26 enemy planes (Glines 15). Post War After the War, Rickenbacker returned to the US as a national hero. As a civilian, Rickenbacker expressed great desire to play a role in the aviation industry. He joined the industry and had a long and successful career in Eastern Air Transport. This Aviation Hero died of Pneumonia on July 23, 1973. Works cited Glines, Charles. “Charmed life of Captain Eddie Rickenbacker.” Aviation History 9.3(1999): 10-18. Ruffin, Steven. Aviation’s Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Winged Wonders, Lucky Landings, and Other Aerial Oddities . Potomac Books, Inc., 2014. Print.
Introduction Background to the study Coat NA is a subsidiary of a multinational company based in the United Kingdom. The firm operates in the United States and primarily deals with thread. Currently, the firm is ranked as the largest manufacturer and supplier of sewing thread (Advemag Incorporation, 2010, para. 1). Its current net wroth is estimated to be US $1.6 billion of the total Coats Public Limited Company net worth. Most of the firm’s operations are business to business in nature. During the late 1990’s, the firm had a superior performance in its domestic market. This resulted from the fact that there was a significant manufacturing base in the United States. During its 1990s, the firm relied on a traditional supply chain. However, a significant change occurred in the United States leading into a transformation of the business environment. Most of its customers were shifting their operational base to other countries especially those located in Asia. This posed a threat to the firm’s operation considering the fact that 70% of its assets were in the United States. After the shift, only 20% of the firm’s customers would remain in US. There was also a reduction in turnover in the American and European markets during the period ranging fro 2000 to 2008. It was only in Asia where turnover was on an upward trend. In its US market, Coats NA was faced with a challenge due to misalignment of its asset base and customer base. This means that the firm was faced with a dire need of making a change to both its supply chain network and supply chain process. Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill (2000, p.4061) are of the opinion that consumers are a key determinant in the performance of a firm’s supply chain. Considering the nature of the challenge that the firm is faced with regard to supply chain, the firms management team has to make a decision on the most appropriate initiative to improve its supply chain. Some of the choices available to the firm entail whether to incorporate the concept of leanness or agility in its supply chain management. According to Sabri and Shaikh (2000, p.6), these two supply chain management strategies can lead to an improvement in the firm’s operation. Aim The aim of the report is to evaluate the most appropriate strategy with regard to lean and agile supply chain management strategies which Coat NA should adopt in an effort to improve its market performance. Scope The report is organized into a number of sections. The first section entails background information of Coat NA. In this section, the challenges facing the firm’s supply chain are identified. The concept of lean and agility are discussed in the literature review section. The analysis section establishes the link between agility and lean management in Coat NA. In addition, the s
What is cultural diversity? According to Gay (2003), culture diversity refers to a situation where an organization is comprised of employees from different backgrounds. These include racial, ethnic, gender, as well as nationality. This diversity, if properly managed, can result to a number of advantages to the organization as they contribute to the knowledge base of the company. Management of cultural diversity entails recognition and appreciation of culture diversity and ensuring that culture diversity is incorporated in all the core operations of the organization. This is meant to ensure that all the employees are able to contribute towards the success of the organization. Importance of managing cultural diversity in the hospitality industry Tanke (2000) adduces that those organizations, which effectively manage cultural diversity, benefit in terms of increased ability to consistently meet their targets in terms of profitability objectives. Additionally, effective management of cultural diversity helps an organization to reduce employee turnover. Management of cultural diversity in an organization has been known to reduce conflicts within an organization, which has the effect of increasing its productivity. In addition, management of cultural diversity helps an organization to comply with government regulations, which are meant to eliminate discrimination. An organization which effectively manages cultural diversity is able to attract new customers, enter into new markets, and has the ability to harness new business opportunities, which would otherwise be impossible in an organization where all the employees come from the same homogenous culture. It has also been postulated that organizations which promote culture diversity are in a better position to attract talented employees. This is because they are able to draw from a wider pool as compared to those organizations which are culturally homogenous. How can this give a competitive advantage? According to Cox (1994), cultural diversity has a way of availing to the company different skills and knowledge from the employees who come from different cultural backgrounds. Additionally, it provides a wider pool from which the company is able to draw talented employees. This can lead to enhanced creativity and innovation, which could be instrumental in enhancing customer service in the organization. Are there disadvantages with managing cultural diversity? Management of cult
This case study is about how Total Company used legitimacy theory to fix its problems that emanated from negative publicity as a result of two major environmental disasters. These disasters include sinking of Erika tanker which caused significant damages as a result of massive spillage of oil in Bretagne, France, and the AZF chemical plant disaster which took place in Toulouse, France. Considering that this company has presence all over the world and operates in an environmentally hazardous industry, it is exposed to social and ethical controversies. The case is about assessment of the strategies that were put in place by Total Company in a bid to downplay and rescue its performance on environment, together with other actions associated with these scenarios. The case is based on theory of legitimacy which is derived from ‘social contract’ between the society and organizations. The results of the case study demonstrates how Total Company applied communication strategies to portray its activities as legitimate in the eyes of the public, in addition to supporting the idea of environmental and social disclosures as strong authenticity tools instead of commitment towards accountability itself (Scott, et al. 2000). The recent accounts of social contract theory shows that society and individuals’ liberties as well as groups rights are based on mutually beneficial contracts which members of the society build amongst themselves (Rawls, 1999). Shocker and Sethi (1973) proposed that any social organization, whether implied or expressed, does its activities in the society through social contract. In this regard, growth and survival of such an organization is generally dependent on delivery of some socially wanted results to the community, and the delivery of political, social and economic assistance to those parties from which it draws its powers. Shockrer and Sethi (1973) added that, in a vibrant society, both the needs for the organizations’ services and its origin of organizational power are subject to changes overtime. Legitimacy theory provides that companies must relentlessly appear to operate according to the wishes of the society. This means that companies must aim at portraying a legitimate image to the outside world (Deegan, 2000). Lindbolm (1994) describes legitimacy as a situation which takes place when the value system for an organization is going hand in hand with the value system of the extended social system upon which the organization is part and parcel. The organisations’ legitimacy threat is probable whenever there are potential or actual discrepancies between two value systems. Erika and AZF Toulouse Total Oil Company was taken to court; following allegations that it was responsible for
Introduction The book I of Politics describes the role and importance of the state in the life of citizens. Aristotle sees every city as a society ruled by its principles and traditions. The main institutions of society are a family, a government, and a legal institution. “For example, the ruler over a few is called a master; over more, the manager of a household; over a still larger number, a statesman or king, as if there were no difference between a great household and a small state” (Aristotle). Main body In historical context, the book describes the main principles of society and ideals of a state typical for 3 century BC. Absolute uniformity of political, economic, and social organization is no prerequisite of that measure of international government which is indispensable to prevent chaos and anarchy. On the other hand, any society which would regard the internal structure of State government and society with the indifference of pre-war days would be doomed to failure and chaos from the outset. The reading is relevant to the world today as it allows us to understand the main principles of social organization and relations between a person and a state. The growth of the movement towards the formation of states is, however, a gradual one; it is continuous, from the sixteenth century to our day, and while, throughout this period, and in almost every country the middle class has been a principal factor in the growth of the State, the political and social conditions have varied greatly. Firstly, in those countries which already enjoyed political independence and a strong central government, the transition from absolutism to the constitutional and liberal government of a modern national State is essentially the work of the new commercial middle class. Economic determinism leads to class struggle. In any system of private property, there is a division of the classes into those who have and those who do not have. The “haves” wish to retain the status quo which has blessed them with property, while the “have nots” wish for a change. “Property is a part of the household, and the art of acquiring property is a part of the art of managing the household; for no man can live well, or indeed live at all, unless he is provided with necessaries” ()Aristotle n.d… The wish for change is powerless to bring it, and any moral or spiritual considerations are irrelevant. But when the mode of production changes, the dispossessed class has the power of history upon its side, so that it inevitably rises, while the former ruling class must pass from the scene. This change will not be made without conflict, for the rulers will fight to retain their privileges. Resistance, however, is useless for the laws of history are now with the rising class as once they were with the ruling class in its hour of triumph. The state is above all else the captive of class interest. It is the center of power that must be captured by the class that would rule. Aristotle underlines:” man is more of a
Introduction Climatic changes are as a consequence of both natural and man-made factors. Natural factors may relate to floods, epidemic, warming as well as rising in sea-level. On the other hand artificial factors may concern pollution including the green-house emissions. In the above mentioned instance, diverse climatic aspects are considerably altered either seasonally or equally permanently. It ought to be noted that climatic variations are a major issue of concern. Both plant and animal life depends on the dynamics of climate to breed or survive. Exploring the issues surrounding Wabash Watershed in regard to the 1961-1990 periods, it can be argued that a lot of disparities can be detected. During the wake of 1960s the concept of global warming was not a serious issue. As the date testifies the period was in essence clean and free from massive climate changes. As is evidenced by the areas topographical consideration, the population was equally moderate. However, as the region became more and more exposed to increased human activities, the regions weather patterns assumed a new dimension which is testified by the unstable, rain and temperatures. Thus the data stands as the key indicator of climatic patterns before the effect of global warming began to be experienced. Floods, flash floods, heavy rains and animal immigrations can be said to be some of the effects of mounting rate of climatic changes. Hence, the data wrapping around the scope of maximum temperatures ranging from 1960-to-1990 exposes a trend that shows that from 1960 to 1982 began to increase considerably. This was followed by disrupted rain patterns and this is also illustrated by the unstable temperatures variations both in short and long term observations. What this shows is that the changing climatic variations are hazardous. Consider the fact that changing temperatures may increase the instances of drought, low water levels, increases floods as well as influx of diseases and diseases resistant organisms. Therefore, the trend is in essence a negative pointer that can be attributed to global warming. Looking at the entire data presentation it can be said that the environment was gradually giving in to warming. This can be linked to the available data which indicates that in the wake of 1970s the temperatures were deep low, while the subsequent years shows the grea
In the novel, the relationship between Eliezer and his father before and after Hitler deports them is observed to be strong. However, the experiences that they go through together at the Nazi death camp transform that relationship. This essay will explore the relationship between Eliezer and his father and how it changes throughout the novel. Relationship of respect and obedience At the beginning of the story, the relationship existing between Eliezer and his father is held together by a bond of mutual understanding and respect. In Sighet, his father is seen as a respected member belonging to the community of the Jews (Jablon 317). Even though he refuses to take the mentorship role over his son’s training of mysticism, Eliezer still regards him with utmost respect not only because of his position in the Jewish community but because it was expected of him to follow the example of other Orthodox Jewish families (Frunza 99). Relationship of love and dependence At Birkenau, Elie and his father are separated from the rest of their family members. He began to feel the loss and gripped with fear of losing his father, the forthcoming experiences and need for protection; he clings to his father (Spector 40). At some point in the story, his father weeps at the thought of what Elie will go through at the death camp, and the expression of emotions by his father assures him of love (Bauer 22). When Eli is taken to Block 17 after separation with his father, he worries about his well being and continues offering support. They rely on each other for strength to working and survival (Misco 10). Relationship of anger and frustration While in the concentration camps, the oppres