ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room was a documentary film showing the real story of the largest business scandal in the U.S. where top executive officers in Enron Corporation squandered over one billion American dollars while the Corporation investors and employees lost everything. Enron Corporation was a leading commodity, and Service Company established in Houston, Texas. It was the seventh largest companies at the time. The executive officers included Ken Lay, the CEO, Chief Operating Officer, Jeffrey Skilling, Chief Financial Officer, Andy Fastow and the Accounting Firm, Arthur Andersen. The film was based on the 2003 award-winning book, The Smartest Guys in the Room by Fortune reporters, Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind. It also featured insider accounts and fire-raising corporate videotapes audios, interviews with former Enron executives and employees, reporters, former Governor of California and stock analysts. The film significantly examined the collapse of Enron Corporation in 2001. It showed how smart and powerful men were driven by greed, which brought shame to themselves and severely affected innocent investors and employees (Gibney 1). In 2006, the film was nominated for Best Documentary Feature and consequently won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature. Enron Natural Gas Pipeline Company was formed in 1985 as a result of the merger of Houston and Omaha, Nebraska’s and InterNorth, natural-gas companies. By 2000, Enron Natural Gas Pipeline Company had grown and dominated the North America natural gas industry and Jeff Skilling pioneered its expansion to a different range of products that included coal, steel, and water. This resulted to skyrocketing of the company’s stocks and Jeff Skilling was considerably named CEO of the company. Many people invested in the company and with the increase in the range of products, and consequently, the number of employees had to be increased. Meanwhile, Skilling accounting results put Enron’s earnings at 53 million dollars a deal with no profits (Independent Lens 1). Summary of what happened at Enron Jeff Skilling declared the company’s earnings of $53 million dollars in a deal that yielded no profits. Essentially Enron faked its bookkeeping to report profits that never existed. The company operated on corrupt and closely-guarded mismanagement by Enron executive officers. Enron came up with a scheme to artificially increase electricity demand at the West Coast. As a result, many California citizens experienced blackouts, and unfortunately, two people lost their lives while Enron’s West Coast desk pocketed huge
Introduction Theology should reflect a form that God chooses to manifest Him to humanity in the contemporary society. In that way, humanity is faced with the challenge whether there has to be Charismatic theology in the modern Christian society. In a bid to establish a theology, there must be talks concerning God, but this should be handled in a critical manner. This translates that the apprehension of God generated becomes the formulae in tackling the dilemma the contemporary religious fraternity manifests to theology. Moreover, the theology that develops must also reflect the tradition of the religious fraternity from which it emanates. The theology must also mirror the manner in which God has been presented concerning the religious past 1 . Consequently, to be Charismatic entails how humanity acknowledges the existence of the Holy Spirit. In practice, charisma entails receiving and presenting the works of the Holy Spirit to the contemporary society. In other words, Charismatic is a term referring to Christians who hold the notion that the doings of the Holy Spirit experienced in the early Church, such as miracles, tongue speaking, and healing, are also promises to the modern Christians. Therefore, to be genuinely charismatic, a doctrine should assume its meaning from the basis of the existence of the Holy Spirit as transcribed in the scriptures. Thus, a charismatic theology needs to consider the experience of the existence of the Holy Spirit as manifested in the Holy Scriptures 2 . It is only through the working of the Holy Spirit that a charismatic doctrine is established. Contrary to this claims, theology is seen to bring a misunderstanding about God and may fail to influence the believers. This paper seeks to show that the doctrine often spread within the Charismatic movement regarding self-imparted uniqueness, is widely uninformed and unbiblical. Since the movement accredits itself as sent by God to continue with his divine undertakings, it does not grant it a Christian experience. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the various controversies surrounding the Charismatic doctrine as well evaluate diverse opinions from different quarters sharing or refuting the claims of the Charismatic movement. Much attention will focus on St. Paul’s perspective of spiritual gifts as it is written in 1 Corinthians 12- 4. Eventually, this paper will assess whether the Scriptures affirm exceptional Charismatic gifts to the modern Church. Background information The proliferation of the Charismatic renewal can be traced in the early 1960s 3 . The idea of filling with Holy Spirit diffused swiftly via the mainstream denominations. Many conventional churches were highly influenced by the Charismatic renewal, and later independent Charismatic churches started to emerge. Currently, most Charismatics have shifted from the mainline denominations to independent Charismatic churches. Following their break from the mainline denominations, these churches abandoned the doctrinal traditions that shaped them and
The population of the Earth grows rapidly, making overpopulation a crucial environmental problem. At the same time, areas of high population growth are associated with increased child mortality. According to You et al., people in the regions with the increased birth rate have a relatively low income, and many of the families live below the poverty line (2276). At present, there are approximately 7 billion people living on the planet, and 2 billion of them are the poor (Rosling). Child mortality rates are distributed unevenly among the population, with six out of seven million child deaths occurring in families with low income (Rosling). The primary reasons for the matter are limited access to healthcare, food insecurity, and homelessness. Therefore, an indirect link can be established between areas of high population growth and high child mortality, as people living in these regions have low incomes. Works Cited Rosling, Han. “Population Growth and Climate Change Explained by Hans Rosling – a Video.” The Guardian , 2013, Web. You, Danzhen, et al. “Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in under-5 Mortality between 1990 and 2015, with Scenario-Based Projections to 2030: A Systematic Analysis by the UN Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation”. The Lancet , vol. 386, no. 10010, 2015, pp. 2275-2286. Web.
Need to Investigate Cyberbullying among Adolescents In recent years, bullying has risen to become a hot topic in both the national and global media. Cyberbullying has added a new dimension to the already severe life-impacting issue, especially children and adolescents. The evolution of traditional bullying has facilitated this due to the emergence of modern digital communication. In the U.S., the adolescent culture is shifting from the usage of the Internet as an “extra” to a “primary and necessary” mode of communication. It is suggested that approximately one-third of Internet users worldwide are children. Its capability to encompass every aspect of human activity is almost infinite. The rapid spread of the Internet and children’s easy access has facilitated the promotion of traditional bullying by granting it an opportunity to expand from the school grounds into the vast and complex cyberspace, which also includes homes. Studies have revealed that since 2004, approximately 20% of children aged between 10 to 18 have fallen victim to cyberbullying ((Vaillancourt, Faris, & Mishna, 2017). Nevertheless, only a limited proportion of the victims have been reported. Furthermore, this new form of bullying is more rampant and unique to the traditional one in that there is an unlimited audience, and it provides an illusion of anonymity. This is because the perpetrators
Canada has faced with the burning issue of incorporating innovation in their economic development process. One of the reasons for a dire need for innovation in Canada was the high productivity rate in the country, which ultimately was stalling growth. The need to speed up the process of the country’s transition into a knowledge-based economy in order to facilitate innovation has become important part of policy making. For this purpose, the policy makers have undertaken extensive planning to develop the innovation strategy in the country. This section of the paper aims to provide contextual information, validating facts with documents such as appropriate primary and secondary sources. The main aim is to tell the story of how this policy has been developing over the past few years. In order to do this, first the relevant documents in the process has been located. The paper also traces the sources of the documents such as who created it and why was it initiated. Further, the outcome and the present state of the mandate are also traced in this section. The first step initiating the innovation strategy in Canada started with increased investment on research and development by the Liberal Government since 1993. The initial policy outline was presented with the original Red Book named Creating Opportunity: The Liberal Plan for Canada (Liberal Party of Canada, 1993), which highlights the importance of support given by the federal government to the innovation and development initiatives within the economy. The first step was to show that the new economy that was forming with the change in the global equations, required greater capacity to innovate and must make the way for private as well as public institutions to become learning originations. The requirement was to stress on the dynamic role of the government to revitalize the manufacturing and the services sector through a process of active learning. The emphasis was on the development of an idea-based economy where innovation becomes paramount and supports the communities who become the root of these developmental processes. Thus, the emphasis was on practical utilization of the research conducted in the laboratory. The initial stress was on identifying the developmental areas and start creating jobs in those sectors. In pursuing this line of action, the government released a series of policy in 1994 initiating the agenda of creating jobs and enabling growth. The main aim of the policy makers was to create innovation policy to enhance the economic agenda of the government: Since productivity growth depends on working smarter – for example, mastering the economics of ‘ideas’ – Canada must position itself to be at the forefront of innovation in the products and services we create; in the ways, we organize economic and social activity; and in the ways we govern ourselves. (Government of Canada, 1994, p. 30) The policy initiative started by the Canadian government was done with the aim of pursuing four areas of development viz. trade, technology, infrastructure development, and business market. Infrastructure spending was important for Canadian
Summary of Theory of Moral Development The topic of moral development is of fundamental importance in the fields of psychology and education. American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg adapted and expanded upon the seminal works of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget to formulate a stage theory of moral development that was more comprehensive than the latter’s initial suggestions (Crain, 2004). Kohlberg’s theory of moral thinking is viewed as more inclusive and comprehensive in that it makes mention of six stages of moral development, which are firmly grounded on three different levels of growth. In contrast, Piaget’s theory only makes reference to two processes of moral development. It is the purpose of this essay to summarize Kohlberg’s theory, and thereafter analyze how the theory can be applied to grade a school. Kohlberg used a sequence of dilemmas such as ‘Heinz steals the drug’ analogy to evaluate the moral reasoning capabilities of children aged between 10 and 16 years. The explanations received from the subjects assisted the psychologist to develop his theory, which holds that moral reasoning, the foundation for moral behavior, has six exclusive developmental phases, each more comprehensive at answering to ethical dilemmas than its precursor (Crain, 2004). Expounding further upon the earlier works of Piaget, Kohlberg established that the progression of moral development was fundamentally concerned with justice, not to mention that this process continued throughout a person’s lifespan. Under level one, also known as pre-conventional morality, Kohlberg developed two stages – obedience and punishment orientation, and individualism and exchange. In stage 1, the child is of the opinion that some powerful authorities dictate the rules to be strictly followed without question. According to the child, breaking the rules is met by unfavorable consequences. In stage 2, the child become aware of the fact that there exist many right views relating to a particular decision and that different people shares diverse viewpoints. This demonstrates that the child has developed some sense of right behavior, otherwise known as the concept of fair exchange (Craig, 2004). The second level – conventional morality – consist of phase 3 and 4 of Kohlberg’s theory. In phase 3, the conventional morality phase, people believe that individuals should always leave up to the expectations as formulated by family and society, and should always have good motives and exhibit good interpersonal feelings in their behavior, devoid of unfair practices. In stage 4, individuals strive to maintain the social order in the society as a whole. Emphasis is laid on obedience of laid down laws, respect of authority, and adequate performance of one’s core tasks in a concerted effort to maintain social order (Craig, 2004). The third level – post-conventional morality – also consists of two stages depicted as Social contract and Universal principles. Here, individuals are mor
Introduction It is worth noting that the articular and muscular systems are the two most important parts of the human body due to the fact that they perform the functions of the musculoskeletal system. This system provides the volume of motion of the skeleton relative to the fulcrum. The purpose of this paper is to review this system and describe its peculiarities. Articular System Joints are discontinuous, hollow, and mobile links between bones. Each joint in the human body has basic elements such as articular surfaces, an articular cavity, and so on. In addition, there is also an auxiliary apparatus. In particular, the articular ligaments, discs, meniscus, and synovial membranes are parts of this system (Schuenke, Schulte, & Schumacher, 2015). Joints are quite strong. In their strength, the tension of the ligaments of the joint, muscle traction, pressure, capillary tension between the articular surfaces is important. Due to these aspects, the joints are strong and allow the person to move around in space. The joint fluid is particularly important in this system since it reduces the friction between surfaces during motion. A similar function is also performed by smooth cartilage covering the joint surfaces (Rizzo, 2010). In general, the main function of all joints in the human body is their participation in the movement. In this connection, they act as dampers since they quench movement inertia and help to stop instantly in the process of moving. Muscular System In the human organism, there are almost 600 individual skeletal muscles. The comparison of a number of muscles of the limbs made it possible to reveal a mosaic pattern in the distribution of fibers (Schuenke et al., 2015). It is important that some muscles have an internal arrangement; other tissues are attached to bones, skin, and other muscles in order to provide certain movements. Muscles can move arbitrarily and involuntarily depending on the type of tissue (Swisher, Patton, & Thibodeau, 2014). In general, three categories can be identified in this system, which is cardiac, visceral, and skeletal muscle tissue. Any of these types of tissue consists of water, inorganic substances (such as mineral salts), and organic substances (this includes myoblasts that form muscle cells). The majority of the muscles are attached to bones through the strong fibrous connective tissue (tendons) (Rizzo, 2010). However, muscles can be both fixed and movable. There are two types of muscle movement such as concentric and eccentric contraction (Swisher et al., 2014). The first type is a shortening of the muscle, while the second is its elongation. In general, the muscular system has three functions including movement, holding the body, and producing heat. However, overall, all muscle groups ensure the correct location of the body, which contributes to the overall health of a person. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that these two systems perform the musculoskeletal function. The muscles and joints serve as the power unit. The skeletal muscles furnish any movem
The September and February Christchurch earthquakes were a powerful natural event that led to severe impacts on two-thirds of the New Zealand businesses. This event destroyed buildings and infrastructures, causing dire consequences to businesses. The occurrence exhibited a varied range of business effects depending on their vulnerabilities to the event. The survey undertaken after the event indicated that 18 per cent of the businesses suffered long-term effects, 26 per cent suffered medium-term effects, and 20 per cent suffered short-term impacts. In this regard, the human resource management of various organisations was bound to face multiple challenges with the workforce shortage. 1 Considering the devastating experience that human resource management underwent, drastic measures were vital to counter any occurrence of the same event in future. An analysis of the challenges that the human resource department would face indicated that the challenges would increase with time and their severity would grow. Some of the basic elements of the human resource that were significantly influenced include hiring, planning and appraisal, individual and team development, succession planning, job design and compensation. These crucial components of the human resource affected the overall performance of the most business that had initially encountered the disaster. In this regard, most organisations had to incur additional expenses to attract, hire, and retain an adequate workforce to realise their objectives. Through such initiatives, organisations had the capabilities to counter the earthquake’s impacts. 2 Companies’ human resource aspects affected by the Christchurch earthquakes Selection and Recruitment Selection refers to the identification of potential candidates with the relevant skills, knowledge, and experience. After identifying and undertaking screening procedures, successful candidates are absorbed into the organisation through recruitment. The occurrence of the Christchurch earthquakes had a severe impact on this process of human resource management. The crisis caused a general panic about either settlement or working on such environments after the repeated incidence. Most people, out of fear, either moved out of the city or shifted to areas with less vulnerability. As a result, organisations lost several people with relevant knowledge and skills in undertaking varied organisational tasks. Similarly, the occurrence of the incident led to the loss of lives that had the potential of promoting most businesses into great heigh
There are many various possibilities of how to study ancient eras, cultures, and civilizations, and the most common of them are attending lectures and reading textbooks. It is difficult to disagree with the fact that these are also the most effective methods since scientists and researchers spend most of their lives studying epochs and writing their scientific works. However, in addition to analyzing the thoughts of great literary scholars, it is vital to receive information through some other ways. Since the modern world requires modern approaches, some theater directors rethink the works of great writers of the past, remake their literary compositions, and present them in a new form. This is exactly what Simon Godwin did by directing the Timon of Athens show that I recently visited. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about that show and describe my emotions and reaction after watching it. Despite the fact that I am not a huge admirer of contemporary art and modern interpretations, I decided to attend this very show because I wanted to give it a chance and try to change my opinion. Fortunately, this decision was not a mistake, and I did not regret spending my money on the ticket. The show took place on the 12 th of March at the Shakespeare Theatre Company’s Michael R. Klein Theatre in Washington, DC. This production of Timon of Athens is a charming, electric, and explosive reload of Shakespeare’s work. In this exciting retelling of the original play, the role of Timon is played by a woman, Kathryn Hunter, and this is the most important change. As soon as the performance began, I realized that the actors experience and show emotions not only with their voice but with their whole body. The wonderful choreography, every stretching of Timon’s hand, her gestures, and movements serve the text. I was surprised to the depths of my soul how phenomenally the actors know the language and meaning of Shakespeare, and this is shown in phrases, pauses, and accents that look like pure magic. Timon interacts with the audience with a look, words, and the slightest movements, and this creates a very warm effect. The plot is divided into two parts: after being too generous, Timon runs out of money and discovers that her alleged friends are quickly abandoning her. With disgust, Timon leaves her fallen estate and sets up a camp in the desert, where politicians, her former friends, a group of rebels, and thieves come to her. As many people violate Timon’s loneliness, she challenges their selfishness while revealing her own philosophy about the best goals of humanity. Continuing this journey, Timon convinces the audience that she is modest, kind, and generous, that she has a thirsty mind and soul, and tries to live an inner life separated from violence. Kathryn Hunter gives Timon a whole new dimension, enchanting energy, and a free child spirit. Since the action takes place in a slightly futuristic and surreal Greece, stage and costume designer Soutra Gilmour rather skillfully manages some complex and carefully intricate scenes. She is pretty entertained with stunning