ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Redbox has succeeded in the old-fashioned style of renting movies in form of DVDs to its clients through kiosks spread across the United States (US). However, the company operates under a business environment that is threatened by online presence, a strategy used by the current market leader called Netflix. For that reason, the owners of the company along with the company’s management have committed great resources to compete against Netflix (Stewart, 2021). The aim is to be the market leader and have the biggest share in the movie rental business. An expanded market share comes with numerous advantages for the company. The greatest benefit is the opportunity to make the maximum sales in the industry that will translate into more business revenues. Stewart (2021) states that once the company is able to manage the costs effectively, they will enjoy huge profits, which will attract more investors thereby raising the value of the company. Being a dominant player in an industry also leads to the power to determine business trends, set the prices, and enjoy general public acceptance and admiration. Even as the company may desire to expand their market share and grow the business further, the drive can as well be riddled by several disadvantages. An expanded share of the market may portend serious problems to the business managers. Big companies that have achieved huge market shares consider this alternative both a good move and a bad one at the same time. For instance, Coca-Cola, Gillette, General Motors, IBM, and Xerox are in a tight fix because their businesses are under constant threats (Stewart, 2021). The companies have to relentlessly struggle with business pressures arising from incessant competition from emerging businesses that use unorthodox means bring down established brands in the market. Therefore, the huge market share will push the company to manage the business and make business decisions in very sensitive ways than the competitors. The desire to pursue greater market share will be limited because it may be risky or may be in form of a double-edged sword that may cut on both sides. Business damaging issues such as antitrust actions will certainly emerge pushing the company to have to cut down on
Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) affect many individuals, meaning that it is not a surprise that many scholarly articles address this topic to identify the practical ways of how to manage and prevent the problem. Researchers apply various methods and designs to investigate the issue comprehensively, which results in the fact that they have different data analysis approaches. Thus, the given paper will comment on how data analysis is performed in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method articles related to the selected topic. Types and Applicability of Statistical Tests Since quantitative research relies on numerical data, such articles should draw specific attention to the use of statistical tests. A randomized controlled trial by Pickham et al. (2016) offers a wide variety of tests. The study is “a single-site, open-label, two-arm” trial with 1,812 individuals to determine the effectiveness of 2-hourly turning (Pickham et al., 2016, p. 1). For example, a t-test is used to identify the differences in turning compliance between control and treatment groups. This statistical value can show whether the difference between two or more means is significant. A chi-square test is useful to analyze the participants’ pressure ulcer rates. This test can show whether there is a related variable that determines the presence of HAPUs. Finally, Pickham et al. (2016) use a Kruskal-Wallis rank test to identify a connection between HAPUs and being admitted by medical or surgical service. These statistical methods denote that the researchers invest much effort in dealing with the numerical data. When it comes to qualitative research, such articles do not draw much attention to statistical data. A scoping review by Jocelyn Chew et al. (2017) is a suitable example of this claim because the authors wanted to find current evidence on turning frequencies’ effectiveness. Even though the research piece focuses on statistical data from ten articles, the authors did not take any action to apply statistical tests. The studies’ conclusions manifest themselves in the summary of the chosen works to demonstrate that eight articles failed to identify that some turning frequencies were more effective than others. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that mixed-method studies have the features of both qualitative and quantitative research. Thus, Martin et al. (2017) conducted a research piece that included a repeat observational study, pre- and post-test analysis, and qualitative interviews to identify how medical professionals evaluate regular turning. That is why the researchers used chi-square analysis to compare pre-test and post-te
Introduction The notion of “doing almost anything” to get a picture varies across situations. Therefore, one of the essential skills that a photojournalist must possess is the capability of making decisions at a moment’s notice. This will range from the scene to photograph, how to photograph, and the reason for photographing it. Furthermore, besides photographic decisions, the photojournalist has to be concurrently thinking about the scene, the effect of their presence on it, and their interaction with every individual that is present. There are times when the photojournalist might judge that it is one step too far to take a photo, or too dangerous to take the photo. What is constant is that in all these situations, the photojournalist has to understand the end goal. Hence, the question, “Is the image worth it?” As a result, several ethical principles have been set in place to guide photojournalism. This paper uses the situation definition, analysis, and definition (S.A.D.) model for moral reasoning to explain whether John Harte, a photographer of the Bakersfield Californian, was morally obligated to take a picture of Edward Romero. It will achieve so by answering several questions. How far should a publication go to achieve the best emotional effect, be it through a story or photograph? Should a family’s right to grieve privately be violated because it is considered newsworthy? Situation definition The picture of the five-year-old Edward Romero taken by John Harte was among the most controversial images in photojournalism. The photo captured the dead Edward’s face and the top of his torso; however, the rest of his body was covered in a black vinyl bag. Kneeling beside him was his weeping father, and standing behind his father were his brother and mother who were also grieving. The picture was published by the Californian, which ironically had a policy of not publishing dead bodies. The Managing editor of Bakersfield Californian, Robert Bentley, claimed that the decision to run the picture was based on warning other families on the potential dangers of the lake. It is this kind of explanation that raises more questions than it answers, among them: Were there other picture alternatives that John Harte took? And if there was, why did the media outlet publish that specific photo? Analysis of the situation Values Several principles and values will be used to examine the ethical context of John Harte’s controversial photograph. For instance, when it comes to values, it is evident that Harte and Bentley did not value the Californian policy of not publishing images of dead bodies. Fu
Confucianism is a philosophical movement that started from the teachings of a famous Chinese philosopher, Confucius. Some people argue that Confucian was not a philosopher, but rather, a religious leader (Taylor 8). His works span through several disciplines, including morality, humanity, rationality, and ethics. However, his teaching on human virtues and morality stands out as his most prominent teachings. These teachings have formed an important part of Chinese society for more than two millennia now. Its impact on Chinese society manifests through the Chinese social and political spheres (Taylor 8). The influence of Confucianism has also spread to other parts of Asia, including Vietnam, Japan, and Korea. The teachings also cut across several religions because albeit some Confucians may profess Islam, Buddhism, or Christianity as their main religion, they rarely deny the fact that they are Confucians. Confucianism developed from the quest by Confucius to retrieve the meaning of the past by using the love of antiquity and the desire to understand why certain rituals (like burial ceremonies) have existed for centuries (Confucius ignores worship, metaphysics, and dogma throughout most of his teachings). Confucianism derives a lot of faith from the role of culture in upholding human societies, and the continuity of social norms to uphold civilization (Taylor 8). Indeed, Confucianism adopts a straightforward perspective on approaching people about benevolence, love, compassion, generosity, and other human virtues. From the basis of its development, Confucianism supersedes other religious influences, like Daoism and Buddhism, to have the greatest impact on Chinese society (Waxman 1). This paper discusses the ethical dimensions of Confucianism by exploring some of its most fundamental ethical pillars. This analogy works to show how Confucianism relates to the dominant ethical and political vision of society. These findings also analyze a practical social problem of solving leadership dilemmas in most modern democracies (from the Confucian perspective). Ethical Concerns Confucianism outlines six important ethical components – Xi, Zhi, Li, Yi, Wen , and ren . These components also have significant connections with one another. Xi The concept of Xi explores the innate qualities of people by understanding if people are born with a natural tendency to do “good,” or be “evil.” However, in the understanding of Confucianism, “goodness” and” badness” are not contained in the concept of the Xi (Waxman 1). Instead, Xi encourages people to learn to undertake their duties ethically because ethics is not an innate human trait. The concept of xi also represents the ability of men to instill virtuous qualities among their peers (Waxman 1). Zhi The concept of Zhi refers to the natural substance that defi
Thesis Cloning is an artificial method of creating a genetically identical duplicate of a human. This involves taking one person’s DNA and making another human with the same DNA. Theologians feel that it is a theological issue and not just science. Cloning is a controversial issue, and many theologians are opposed to it on the basis that it is like imitating God and the consequences of cloning on human survival may be adverse. Considering the arguments raised by theologians, it is clear that cloning would have negative effects on human society. Despite the limited benefits of allowing for such a practice, the challenges such a practice poses outweigh its anticipated benefits. Introduction The aim of this paper is to establish the implications of cloning on society and understand the theologians are saying about cloning. Cloning can have many implications on society; both positive and negative. Theologians feel that cloning is not a purely scientific issue; it is a religious issue as well. In the majority of theologians view, cloning is unacceptable and should be banned completely. Many theologians feel that cloning is playing with God because He is above all, and He only can create. They further argue that cloning a person, especially against his/her will is an abuse of the individuals’ freedom and identity. A relatively small number of theologians, however, view cloning differently. They argue that cloning is God continuing His work of creation through people (Turner 13). Cloning and Implications on society The prospect of being able to recreate say Napoleon Bonaparte by use of his DNA is an alluring prospect for some scientists. However, these prospects are approached with great care due to the implications they can have on society. At this moment in history, cloning is possible; however, should this practice be entertained in society. The basic worry of theologians and other concerned individuals are the wide ramifications of cloning. The first concern is how to treat the cloned individual. Given he or she is likely to be treated as a human creation, the cloned person may not be treated as a normal human being. The way clones are treated likely to change the perception of human life. Human life will be devalued and turned into a commodity of sorts that scientists can accord one at will. Society treats life sacredly, and cloning turns it into a sort of manufactured commodity. The second concern is how society would react to cloned individuals. Clones may not be accepted fully by the society, which might treat them as less than ‘real’ human beings; who was born naturally. Society may not fully accept the dignity and humanity of cloned humans. Even if they have the same legal rights and protect the others have, society may fear and not associate with them because they don’t see them as real humans (Chapman 99). This may lead the society to split into cloned human beings and naturally born human beings. Women may especially feel opposed cloning because it denies women the right and choice to give birth to children; women are the ones who bear children when it come
Introduction Writing about books is one of the most interesting and difficult tasks for many people. On the one hand, it is easy to read a story and share a personal opinion. On the other hand, it is important to understand that a number of people are aware of the plot and the worth of the story, and it is a real challenge to prove the chosen position and understanding of the author’s message. Twelve Years a Slave is a bestseller in the world of the American literature. It is a story not about slavery and its impact on different people but about a human life and the values that are not always treated the way they should be. Twelve Years a Slave is an autobiographical story of Solomon Northup that helps to see how unpredictable and mysterious a human life could be because not all people are able to define and understand how crucial such issues as freedom, choice, and an opportunity have to be for an ordinary person. Facts that Help to Learn the Story of Solomon Northup The analysis of Twelve Years a Slave can have a number of sides. It is possible to discuss how crucial the impact of Northup’s narration to the American history and the development of the relations between people of different colors of skin. It is also interesting to investigate the story as a neo-slave narrative because it helps to comprehend how to escape from the bondages established by people (Li 1). The analysis of the Great Migration that followed about 60 years after the story introduced by Northup could also become a significant contribution to the history of the American society and the American literature (Thaggert 332). The story was written before the American Civil War when the black people decided to protect their freedoms and define their rights in the American society (Fradin and Fradin 5). Of course, Twelve Years a Slave was not the reason for that war. Still, it could help to understand why slaves could not stand that long and accept the rules dictated by people, whose skin was white but whose souls could hardly be defined as white. In his story, Solomon Northup did not call for action or criticized the people and their decisions. He tried to describe the conditions under which ordinary people lived and the rules according to which people develop their attitudes and prejudices. The main point that Northup wanted to underline was that “life is dear to every living thing; the worm that crawls upon the ground will struggle for it” (134). The story shows that people could have different destinies and opportunities. Still, all of them are related to one simple thing, a life that cannot be changed or chosen again. A human life is a gift t
Introduction Rapidly developing technology seems to be a viable option to apply in response to high mortality and morbidity from acute and chronic conditions. In healthcare, it is accepted that care quality is a top priority, which ensures that patients receive the required services and recover. The use of the Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is one of the technological solutions to continuous care improvement, which is part of routine care in hospitals, namely, psychiatric units (Desai et al., 2017). This paper focuses on exploring the identified technology from the point of the user interface to evaluate its functionality, user experience, and usability. User-Technology Interface Evaluation The iCB is a health care technology that provides online access to programs that support patients. Namely, one of the areas of assistance is web-based consultations with specialists, when the necessary questions can be posed and answered. Also, this technology allows for offering materials and instruments that can be used by patients to improve their behavioral and cognitive skills. iCBT is often implemented in patients who are diagnosed with depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders. For example, there are such platforms as MoodGym and Interapy. The current academic evidence shows moderate effectiveness of the identified technology. In their recent study, Mathiasen et al. (2018) found that iCBT reduces the symptoms of depression and anxiety when the intervention is applied in hospital settings. In turn, Kumar et al. (2017) revealed that patients with mental illnesses and psychiatric comorbidities tended to recover more rapidly. However, many patients showed low adherence levels, which point to the need to evaluate and enhance this technology. To measure the effectiveness of the iCBT, it is possible to apply an actor-network theory (ANT) that considers that all the elements of a patient information system are closely intertwined. Namely, the system should include a database, manuals, hardware, administrative staff, and so on. The implementation of technology depends on the stakeholders who are enrolled in the system, which makes every case unique (Ballantyne, 2015). Accordingly, the exploration of the relationships between these stakeholders is one of the most representative ways to evaluate the iCBT. Ballantyne (2015) states that the links between human and non-human actors are also important since they compose the so-called heterogeneous network. Therefore, both of the mentioned aspects should be taken into account during the evaluation of the target technology in terms of its usage in healthcare settings. The user-technology interface assessment is an essential procedure that allows revealing the strengths and weaknesses of a system to recommend relevant improvements. Speaking of the elements to be evaluated, one should list usability, user experience, and functionality. These concepts correspond to unique aspects of technology, such as interaction, experience, and product. The relationships between patients and technology aimed at providing the former with valuable knowledge and skills to enhance their health outcomes. A
Executive Summary Herbal is a small herbal company that has recently had a breakthrough in cancer research as one of its painkillers cured liver cancer of a lab rat. At the moment, the company’s CEO is looking for an investment of AED 3 million to refine the drug and start testing it on human subjects. With the constant growth of the cancer drugs industry, Herbal has massive potential to capture a large market share due to the innovative nature of the new drug. The company’s further activities in terms of marketing, operation, and management will be analyzed. Also, the compliance with the current legislation will be assessed, and the budget will be planned. Key risks and potential barriers will be identified and addressed, the timeline of key further activities will be set, and the exit plan will be designed. Overall, Herbal’s prospects are estimated as favorable, but certain possible complications will require extensive attention. Introduction This business plan aims to present an innovative pharmaceutical company, Herbal, to potential investors. The plan will include such key elements as a description of the business, marketing and operations suggestions, management and financials, as well as exit strategy for investors. Opportunities for Herbal are vast; as a company that specializes in natural medications, it can capture the attention of healthcare providers and patients. Business Description General Herbal is a business that is currently at the stage of a breakthrough associated with the discovery of a drug’s effectiveness in treating one type of cancer in lab rats. Herbal’s owner, Majid, who inherited the business from his father, reported outstanding results of further testing; the medication completely cured the liver cancer of one of the lab rats. The company is looking for investors to collect funds to continue testing the drug on human subjects. Industry Background The global industry of cancer medication has recently evidenced a massive spike in sales. According to Herper from Forbes , annual sales could reach $147 billion in 2018, which points to the vast potential for the development of new medications. Essential characteristics of the modern market include:   * Cancer patients living longer after diagnosis;   * The U.S. healthcare system spends the most on cancer drugs (as an absolute amount);   * Europe spends the most (as a percentage of total spending);   * Rising approval of cancer drugs;   * Economic prices;   * Predominantly patients pay for their medications. Plan’s Goals and Potential The plan is aiming to attract interests of potential investors for continuing testing Herbal of human subjects. Opportunities for the plan are vast since the pharmacological industry makes large investments in Research & Development and welcomes new entrants to the market. Uniqueness
The chapter provided for the investigation illustrated the various principles and conditions that from the social inequality. From the five principles that figured out the emergence of social inequality, I would like to discuss the principle about the interplay of Power, Privilege, and Prestige according to the current terrifying occasion of a global pandemic (Charon,77). Firstly, the COVID-19 vividly demonstrates the insolvency of overall national governmental performances worldwide and puts on display the lack of scientific and economic stability and development. Secondly, I was deeply shocked to understand the actual size of the misunderstanding gap between ordinary people and the privileged society. As an example, the demand of the authorities to conduct the education and work processes at home, with the help of the Internet. My friend faced the mission to perform five different activities at one particular time with his two sisters and parents, having three rooms, one computer, and only two smartphones capable of the educational services work conditions. And this case is still highly positive because, in India, half of the population does not have access to the Internet at all. The teachers delivered the classes using the loudspeaker in some rural areas. I have also read about a shocking occasion about the Russian boy, who lives in the outback, had to sit on the tree to catch the Internet connection. Thirdly, speaking about the power and privilege (Charon,78), the question about the quality of the information provided, for such questions as the vaccines, turns out to be controversial. People with money and status are the first to receive reliable evidence and then decide what to say to others. Moreover, the principle of inheritance of positions makes me think about the real qualifications and competence of people who tend to determine people’s fates. While the society is created according to the principles of inequality, similar to COVID-19 global accidents will show the failures of this strategy. Work Cited Charon, J.M. Ten Questions: A Sociological Perspective . 8th ed. Cengage Learning, 2012.