ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Apart from performing magic, a shaman is an individual selected on a spiritual basis and who is highly trained and has power to communicate with both the living and the dead, hence at times referred to as a shamanic professional. Shaman is a word derived from saman meaning a priest, but tends to sound like a religion. It is an anthropological word referring to different kinds of practices and what people believe, with the human world communicating to the world of spirits or the dead. It is believed that shamans treat diseases and illnesses by restoring the soul. The shamans go to supernatural worlds to get ways of dealing with problems that are found in different shamanic communities. They also visit other worlds to bring cures for diseases in human souls caused by things that are not from the same world. Shamans dwell in the world of spirits which ends up affecting the human world. According to plot kin, shamanism is regarded from different perspectives, depending on different shamanic communities. One of them is a pharmacist, a pharmacist is a person who cures diseases may be by administering medicine or removing some unwanted content from the body, but a shaman as a pharmacist heals by cleansing and removing all the unnecessary spirits from the human soul. This is a power they get after visiting the spiritual world to gain knowledge and power and they are even able to bring back the lost elements of the human soul from wherever even if it is not within the human world. Through this process of healing, a shaman is able to perform the same work a pharmacist would do, hence given the title pharmacist. The other role of a shaman according to plot kin is a psychiatrist. A psychiatrist i
Sigmund Freud whose full names are Sigismund Schlomo Freud was a doctor and a neurologist in the nineteenth and twentieth century (Freud 12). Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis and was popular for his contribution in the concept of consciousness (Freud 12). Because of his ideas, Freud developed a theory explaining why people experience dreams. Sigmund Freud used to smoke cigars; he loved cigars that he even smoked them during his working hours. Sometime, his patients said that the aroma of his cigar acted as a therapy. To Freud, a cigar had a symbolic meaning, and he even said that there was a relationship or a connection between cigars, power, and success in life (Freud 54). Because of his love for cigar, he smoked them for over 50 years until he died at the age of 79 (Freud 16). During the time he was a psychiatrist, Sigmund would say many things to his patients, especially those that were in his dreams (Freud 76). Everything that Sigmund said came down to have a sexual meaning (Freud 76). In his view, cigarettes could be marketed to women as a representation of empowerment. One day when he was smoking a cigar, one student asked him what that cigar symbolized. In his answer, Freud said, “sometimes, a cigar is just a cigar” (Freud 18). Now the question is what did Sigmund mean by this phrase? Freud said this phrase to mean that sometimes even though some things appear to have complex meaning, the answer may not be so deep; it may jut be the absolute answer. For a long time, Freud’s work emphasized much on the notion of subconscious and how it works to send information to the consciousness (Freud 67). This concept has been outlined in his theory. In his work, Freud said that people think about things, which are repressed and are always in the subconscious. He further argued that those things that stay out of the consciousness always come in the form of dreams. Freud mostly used examples where a cigar signified a penis (Freud 12). Freud used to say that a penis (male sexual organ) is a picture that is strong in mind, but this image is hidden in subconscious in the form of something else (Freud 34). This whole concept would therefore mean that some things are kept in the subconscious while others are kept in the conscious side. In a number of cases, Freud would say one thing that represented something else. People who were close and interacted regularly with Sigmund understood that he would say one thing to refer or signify another thing. However, when a student asked Sigmund what a cigar signified when he was smoking as usual, he replied by saying “sometimes a cigar is just a cigar”. In simple terms, Sigmund meant that not all the time people say things that have a complex meaning (Freud 122). In conclusion, some times people say or do things that have just a simple meaning. In many cases, people tend to see simple things and interpret them in a
In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet , the titular character begins plotting his revenge after he encounters the ghost of his father, who informs him of the murder as well as the culprits. However, it is possible to argue that the use of the supernatural was unnecessary, as a friend or a loyal servant could relay the same information with the same result. When one takes Hamlet’s unstable mental state throughout the play into consideration, they may further postulate that the apparition may be a manifestation of his madness that arose from the rumors he had heard earlier. However, I believe that the ghost is a necessary device for the story’s development. Hamlet is a spiritual and religious person who believes in the soul and its importance. For example, he refuses to take the opportunity to kill Claudius despite the perfect opportunity provided by the usurper’s prayer later on. As such, while he would have been enraged by the revelation of his father’s murder, the ghost’s restless state, denied rest, drives Hamlet into a cold fury that informs the rest of the plot. The ghost’s appearance ensures that Hamlet disregards his standing, safety, and life, eventually dying to secure his revenge. More about Hamlet Does Hamlet Love Ophelia? 5 637 How is Laertes a Foil for Hamlet? 5 1546 Which line would most likely be written by a reader analyzing Hamlet through the formalist lens? 5 172 What’s the meaning behind “…for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so” in Act 2, scene 2? 5 1280 When Polonius says, “brevity is the soul of wit,” why is it ironic? 5 4053 Why is Reynaldo obligated to follow Polonius’s instructions? 5 239 With that said, it would be possible for Shakespeare to write the story in such a manner that the ghost does not appear. The supernatural event is a product of the playwright’s interest in various forms of magic and spirits, which also shows itself in many of his other works. It also provides a dramatic effect to the scene, as the unearthly atmosphere created by the ghost’s appearance is more impactful than a reveal by another person would be. As such, the supernatural nature of the character is both essential to the story as written and a conscious decision by Shakespeare.
The indigenous Australian people have been facing myriads of health-related challenges for a long time. Generally, their health standard is quite dismal. According to Murray, the indigenous people of Australia are generally a sick population (1586). This paper offers brief discussion of the health issues affecting the Australian indigenous people who are known as the aborigines. To begin with, the Australian aborigines have suffered for long owing to poor access to effective healthcare services. For example, the child mortality rate among the aborigines is quite high. It should be understood that this segment of the Australian population hardly receives the full attention of the government in regards to healthcare delivery. The high child mortality rate is mainly worsened by young mothers who give birth while still underage. In other words, teenage pregnancy is on the rise. Since most of these young parents are not employed, they can hardly fend for their children. This has led to malnutrition and early death of infants. Another health issue affecting this group is rampant smoking habits. There are certain regions dominated by the Australian aborigines that have revealed startling figures on smoking habit. For instance, some regions record as high as 50% of a local smoking population. This is obviously a lifestyle issue that has aggravated the living condition of the aborigines. Smoking has been observed among young mothers, teenagers, middle-aged men and women as well as among old people aged over 65 years. Sexually transmitted infections are also on the rise among the aborigines. This trend has been largely contributed by the degrading social values. The issue of morality seems to be a major concern among the young age groups. When the healthcare challenges affecting the aborigines are combined, the net effect is a short lifespan. For instance, life expectancy among women is about forty five years. Other unhealthy social practices among the aborigines include drug and substance abuse, crime and poor nutrition. The Australian government began taking succinct measures way back in 2006 so that the healthcare delivery to the aborigines could be improved. As it stands now, several healthcare related programs targeting the community have been put in place. Healthy social practices, risky sexual habits and prohibition of drug and substance abuse are being encouraged by both community based organizations and government agencies. The overall health standards of the Australian aborigines can be improved if the necessary measures are put in place by the relevant government agencies. For instance, the current health policies targeting the aborigines should be amended with an immediate effect (Stanley 302). It is apparent that policy formulation and implementation regarding the health needs of the aborigines
This paper aims to review a case study on a sportswear and apparel company, Nike, to analyze its core marketing strategy. The paper will also discuss the main competitors of the company and outline several strategies for outperforming them. Analysis The Industry The athletic footwear and apparel industry has experienced a substantial level of growth during the last five years—2.3 percent (Brandongaille, 2016). The growth can be attributed to the fact that consumers have recently become more aware of their health and wellbeing needs, which drives the market demand in the industry (Heroux, 2017). Also, an ever-increasing level of female participation in sports supports spending in the industry. Nike’s Core Marketing Strategy The company has the largest market share in the industry ($26, 286 million) because of the effectiveness of its marketing strategy (Dai & Chen, 2017). Distribution is Nike’s major advantage, which allows the company to deliver the right products at the right time to its large customer base through an innovative website. The superiority of Nike’s marketing strategy is evident in its skillful use of advertising. The company emphasizes on the use of notable athletes for the promotion of its products and strengthening of its brand identity (Bouchet, Doellman, Troilo, & Walkup, 2017; Kornum, Gyrd-Jones, Zagir, & Brandis, 2016). It also relies on sponsorship to “build authenticity” (Kotler & Keller, 2016, p. 31) among sports audiences and develop customer relationships with its target markets. Vertical price integration is another advantage of the company’s marketing strategy. When it comes to the cons of the strategy, it is overly reliant on the influence of spokespersons and extremely expensive. Also, the marketing strategy is less diverse than that of the company’s competitors. The strategy is associated with the following risks: changes in market trends, shifts in consumer preferences, and a damaged reputation of Nike’s spokespersons (Kalb, 2013). Top Competitors The top three competitors of Nike are Adidas, Under Armour, and Puma (Green, 2016). These rivals are making significant gains in the company by launching new products that diminish Nike’s market share. For example, an endorsement deal with Steph Curry has helped to promote Under Armour’s basketball shoe line and increase revenue from footwear by 58 percent (Green, 2016). Adidas also has been able to preempt competition by striking a high-profile sponsorship deal with the Italian soccer club Juventus (Bouchet et al., 2017). Furthermore, the main advantage of the company’s product development is its ability to engage consumers with high-priced footwear lines such as UltraBoost, Zne, and Yeezy. However, athlete strategies of these three competitors are inferior to that of Nike,
Company/Brand Information Suzuki is a Japanese Motor Company that began operating in 1909. Michio Suzuki founded the multinational company at the age of 22 after constructing a pedal-driven loom for the silk industry. The company has been famous for its motorcycles, but has also entered the automobiles’ field. After the 1950 financial crisis that resulted in labor difficulties, the company entered the motor vehicle field; it launched the Power Free 36cc, 2-cylce motorized bicycle in 1952 and Diamond Free 600cc in 1953. Suzuki Motor Company joined the US market in 1964; it exported and distributed over 6,000 Suzuki motorcycles. With the manufacturing of technologically advanced touring motorcycles, the company has been able to meet the needs of the wealthy class in the US market. The Hispanic population in the United Sates remains the largest minority population having a percentage of 17% of the national population as of July 2012 (Humphreys, 2012). Just like other companies, Suzuki Motorcycle also felt the effects of the 2008/2009 global financial meltdown. The motor industry has come up with new models of motorcycles, and has laid strong marketing strategies to reach the Hispanic population in the US. In order to ensure close follow-up within the US, the multinational automotive company had set up the American headquarters in California. The state of California is projected to have more Hispanics than whites by March 2014. The American headquarter, therefore, is a strategic point for the company to engage the Hispanic population. The media plan outlines how the motor company intends to maneuver in the current dynamic market and outshine its competitors like Honda, Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Harley Davidson in marketing its motorcycle brands to the Hispanic population in the US. The aftermath of the Second World War saw the company begin to manufacture bicycle engines to aid in transporting products to different location; the new mode of transport in the country was affordable. Suzuki mostly targeted the middle-income civilians who needed small, comfortable, and cost effective locomotives. In 2011, Suzuki assumed the 10 th position among multinationals dealing in the manufacture, assembly, and sale of automobiles. In 2013, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) rated Suzuki, as the country’s second greatest producer and distributor of automobiles (Global Suzuki, n.d.). Suzuki’s ownership is a family affair considering that its current Chief Executive Officer is Osamu Suzuki. Marketing Mix (4P’s) – Products Suzuki motorcycles have been common for two uses: sporting and commuting. The sport/sport touring segment in the United States has different motorcycles brands, such as TU250X, GS500F, GSR750, INAZUMA 250, and GLADIUS. Suzuki Inazuma 250 is fuel-efficient and is capable of close to 85 mpg; the model has wide range of genuine accessories and has a semi-double cradle frame with the 248cc engine. (Global Suzuki, n.d.) In the commuting se
Introduction Ethical consideration for teachers is one of the most important factors while considering the education profession and taking on the role of teacher. The ethical responsibilities are related to the teacher-student commitment and are also based on the teachers’ perception of their impact on teaching and learning. A good educator must understand the field as an evolving and changing discipline based on theories and evidence-based principles. Ethical Considerations for Teachers There are three basic ethical considerations in educational practice and policy which create a need for the reflection of ethics to frame practices of teachers (Peterson, Kelly & Caskey, 2002). The first one is reoccurring series of evaluation designs that directly involve teachers in formative or summative peer evaluation. Secondly, call for increased teacher professionalism, and finally for a variety of educational applications use of ethical codes to guide professional behavior. The teacher involvement in professionalism and peer evaluation are controversial, the proposals and studies provide more teacher data judgments and gathering summative peer evaluation (Peterson, 2000). A clear understanding of this expected behavior on part of teachers as evaluators and set esthetical guidelines to develop the professional duties among teachers. Peer evaluation can include a combination of activities often, the summative formative nature of the task defines these activates. Peer evaluation is a mixture of review of instructional materials, mentoring and assistance in gathering data, collaboration in action research and school development projects, or grade level leadership. The purpose of using ethical codes is to invite comments and suggestions from the readers and reviewers. (McCarthey & Peterson, 1988). Relevant Research Evaluation is a sign of professional lives position can be achieved by passing a series of rigorous evaluations that continues to be evaluated by colleagues sitting on maintenance and promotion committees, by administrators, and by students. Figure.1 Sources of evaluation matrix The above figure shows the number of parties who have either a direct or indirect interest in faculty evaluation. Because of the evaluations that can significantly influence professions and lives so, in consequence, these entities represent seats of power (Lapp, Lascher, Matthews, Papalewis & Stoner, 2002). The educational profession is highly based on excellent modifications in enhancing and upgrading the teaching profession, call for increased professionalism rely on the involvement of science for that reason the educational research-and-development community considers that the educational improvement is based on scientific progress (DeYoung, 2005). The Code of Ethics was developed to provide members of the Teachers Association with some extensive ethical statements to direct their professional lives and to identify relevant considerations in the case when ethical uncertainties arise, and also present resources for individuals new to the profession to learn about the ethical principles and standards that should conduct the work of institutional researc
Consumer behaviour is based on factors that influence buyers, users, and payers of particular goods and the decisions they make (David, et al., 2010). Today’s consumers purchase the goods and services according to their needs and wants, but mostly they purchase the goods and services due to influence of economic, cultural and social factors from their society. Consumer behaviour is equally important to marketers because it determines the products, the price, the distribution, and the advertisements that are appropriate in a specific market segment. In this essay, we will discuss about how the changes of economic, cultural, and social factors affect consumer behaviour. In addition, the paper will look at how I have been personally affected by these factors on my consumption and how my consumption patterns would be changed. Economy refers to the state of national economy with respect to levels of employment, interest rates, wages, currency exchange rates, disposable income and aggregate household savings (Widing, et al., 2003). Economic factors impact on how many times a consumer purchase and where and what is the consideration of buying products. Consumers purchase the goods and services by ‘money’; every purchase is made by use of money. Consumers cannot buy, pay and use anymore if do have financial problems. If a country’s economy is high, then consumers are most likely to buy more commodities, but there are times when the economic status of a country is low. When the economy is low, people may loose their jobs and this leads to less purchase of items. The supply and demand of a commodity also determines the consumer behavior, because as the demand of a commodity goes up, the prices increases and many suppliers may decide to supply that commodity. When the price of a commodity goes up, then the demand decreases. Interest rate is another factor because when bank rates are high, consumers will not borrow money and hence they will not buy many commodities. When there is inflation, the dollar value is affected and hence this establishes the consumers buying power (Kotler, 2003). Personally, I prefer using the concept of substitute products when the economy is bad. It implies that my idea of economic factors is linked to my income level. For instance, when I experience low purchasing power, I would prefer buying fruits instead of ready-made juice because fruits are cheaper. Cultural factors also determine the consumer behavior. There are many cultural groups; a small group in a given geographical area has their uniqu
In China, Walmart is a leading retailer with over 400 stores in more than 180 cities across the country. The extensive network of outlets means that the management should come up with elaborate supply chain practices to ensure that customers can access goods when they want them in all locations. Additionally, Walmart China has partnered with over 7,000 local suppliers in the country. As such, the management needs a comprehensive supply chain framework to ensure that suppliers deliver goods in time and in the required volumes. Initially, Walmart’s approach to supply chain management in China was designed to fail. For instance, the adopted product flow model meant that suppliers would transport goods directly to stores around the country, which was impractical for some products. Consequently, most outlets would remain without certain products for several days, and this aspect was inconveniencing for customers. Ultimately, in 2015, the management changed its approach and introduced dry distribution and perishable distribution systems in its supply chain management. This paper addresses the current transportation and warehousing strategies used by Walmart China to evaluate their effectiveness and constraints before recommending ways for improvement. Modes of Transportation Currently, Walmart China uses a large fleet of trucks to transport goods to different stores around the country. The company has two models of warehousing – cross-docking and staple stock flow. In cross docking, suppliers’ trucks unload goods at distribution centers (DCs) before they are immediately loaded into outbound trucks managed by the company. In the staple stock flow model, trucks are loaded with products stored at DCs for supply to outlets based on demand. These trucks have to travel long distances to deliver goods, which might be inconveniencing. For example, the newly established perishable DC in Dongguan serves over 128 stores in two provinces in the region within an average distance of 170 kilometers. The trucks supply all the outlets by transporting over 3500 stock keeping units (SKUs) per day. The current model of transportation has several constraints as discussed in the next section. Transportation Constraints The main transportation constraint for Walmart China is the need to maintain a large fleet of trucks at any given time. The cross-docking model supplies over 85 percent of goods needed in different stores. This aspect means that the company should have ou