ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary The book is organized into seven chapters. The first chapter emphasizes the abundance of life on Earth. The author argues that some organisms manage well in conditions that are unbearable for others. He uses the example of organisms like bacteria which reproduce best at about 221 degrees (Wilson 5). In Chapter two, the author has explicated the issue of overpopulation and consumption (Wilson 29). According to Wilson, today’s population is about six billion and is expected to reach ten billion at the end of this century, yet the production of food has been declining. The author describes in detail the way countries like China are struggling to overcome the existing tension between environment and high population. In chapter three, entailed “Nature’s Last Stand,” the author describes the way human beings have negatively affected other life through their activities. He uses an example that whilst Hawaii may be looking like an undamaged place or “paradise”, in reality, activities on the island have ruined its biodiversity (Wilson 43). In Chapter Four, entitled “The Planetary Killer,” the author describes the species of Homo sapiens as a destroyer of the environment (Wilson 79). According to the author, whenever people settled in a virgin land, they straight away set about destroying it. In the last three chapters, the author has developed the reasons for averting the environmental degradation. Specifically, the author has tried to quantity the cost of biosphere and solutions to the issue of environmental degradation (Wilson 164-168). The social factors that cause degradation According to Wilson, there are many social factors that cause environmental degradation and some of these include: Use of chemicals in agriculture and uncontrolled industrialization: These factors are also the major causes of environmental degradation. According to Wilson, theses processes introduce harmful elements into the environment thereby maiming or even killing animal and plant life (Wilson 110). Overpopulation and urban development: The author uses the example of China, as the population increased the need for land for farming and homes increased leading to encouragement on Wetland areas (Wilson 107). Because of this, animals and plants that inhabited these areas have or are being lost. In addition, the author uses the term overharvesting to mean deforestation and wasting resources that all add to the disappearance of a sound and safe environment. Areas of beauty such as marine environment and forested areas are damaged, as people continue to use toxin chemicals in agriculture, dump waste products, and overharvesting of natural resources. In the words of the author “at times the process of destruction is so extensive tha
Introduction Human beings have three basic needs that need to be satisfied in order for them to live comfortable lives and they include food clothing and shelter. These needs are satisfied by a person in two ways that involve producing them or acquiring them from other producers by buying. The most common means of buying is through making monetary payments in exchange for goods or services. Money is obtained through selling goods and offering personal services in terms of energy and time spend at work. Almost forty percent of people in the world rely directly or indirectly on jobs for survival. The link between the employer and employee is vital in shaping the value of services offered and goods produced in any firm. This is an assessment essay that outlines various compensation management schemes that are essential in a hospitality industry. Management is defined as the process of assembling workers to attain planned objectives in an effective and efficient manner. It is a process that involves technical planning and organization of workers and leading them to attain the objectives set and at the same time controlling the company. Compensation is an act of providing monetary and non monetary rewards to employees by an employer in return for mental and physical efforts put in the process of production. Compensation management is a process that involves keeping a balance between an employer and employees through the use of effective remunerations and is an essential component of managing human resource that improves performance through staff stimulation and boosting a company’s effectiveness. This means that all activities involved in compensation management play important roles in ensuring that employers meet all essential needs of their employees. Compensation management is a very sensitive area in business studies and in business operations since it gives an insight into the expectations of employer-employee relationship. Through effective compensation management programs it is easy to identify various setbacks that limit effective performance at work (Dessler 2010). Managers use this as tools for future planning in order to ensure there is mutual benefit between them and their employees. Many workers resign from duty especially where they offer intellectual or physical labor citing poor compensation schemes as the chief reason for their departure. Through a viable compensation management program the employer is relieved the stress of supervision and monitoring workers in order for them to perform. This is due to the fact that workers are motivated through pay packages that commensurate their efforts. The hospitality industry is one of the greatest business enterprises in the world and provides more than 30% of the world’s job market (Dessler 2010). This means that out of ten people who are employed about three of the
The indication that Cyprus might leave the euro zone raises questions on the socioeconomic effects of adopting the Cyprus pound. The current economic crisis facing Cyprus highlights the ripple effects of the discontinuity in economies sharing a common currency. Cyprus exit from the euro zone would allow the country to restructure its economic infrastructure by introducing a domestic currency and floating exchange rates, which would boost exports and minimize the country’s trade balance. A floating exchange rate would allow the Cyprus pound to rectify the country’s trade balance because the currency’s value will adjust in respect to Cyprus’ economy rather than as a projection of the entire euro zone (Nixon par. 5). The exchange rate mechanism (EMR) adopted among EU members limits the fluctuations of the value of a country’s currency, which negatively affects the response to deficit differentials in different countries. Having the Cyprus pound would allow the country to engage in the simulation of the local currency by printing money proportionately. A flexible exchange rate would play a crucial role in correcting the economic inefficiencies facing Cyprus and boost sectors such as tourism to facilitate the country’s emergence from depression and high unemployment. A small economy has a high possibility of recovery from an economic crisis when using an individual currency because of the flexibility in adjusting rates. For example, a forty percent decrease in the value of the Cyprus pound would translate into a forty percent decrease in the cost incurred by tourists visiting Cyprus. A surge in income generated through tourism can help the country to normalize the effects of high unemployment and increasing spending. Adopting the Cyprus pound would eliminate the main component of Cyprus capital account, which is the transfer of payments from the European Union for investment and capital transfer purposes. Cyprus would experience an imbalance in its financial accounts due to an excess of the disposal of financial assets because investors would expect a devaluation of the Cyprus pound. Retaining the Euro increases the susceptibility of Cyprus to a fiscal crisis because of the lack of a currency that is responding to the local economic factors. Having an individual currency eliminates transition costs, which faces countries relying on a major currency such as the Euro. Transition costs have detrimental effec
In America, there have been severe allegations that activist judges have grown. This has been the result of some decisions that have been taken by judges that have not gone down well with most politicians and other people. Diverse views are raised on the ruling of judges. For some activist judges exist and for others, there does not exist any judges that are activists; rather those you disagree with in their judgments do turn out to be so (at least in your sight.) sensitive cases that have drawn a lot of hullabaloos has been those involving same sex, stem cell operations, abortion among others. The original dissent on cases relating to eminent domain was set up by Justice O’Connor. In her previous ruling she stated that it was allowed for private property to be transferred to another private individual for economic development as long as it is bound to be improved and used in a way that is beneficial to the public in itself or in the process of development (Bodenhamer & Ely 14). This precedent has opened leeway for abuse. The case of Kelo vs. The City of New London is one of eminent domain. It was worked out following the precedent set by Justice O’Connor. The facts of this case relate to the use of eminent domain. New London, which is a city in Connecticut, ceased some property that was not for public use and sold it to some people who were to develop it for private purposes (Merriam & Ross 180). The city was of the opinion that by coming up with these developments, jobs would be created in the process. Equally there was to be an increase in revenues from taxes. Kelo Susette and some other people who had lost their land by this repossession placed a suit in court against New London. The issues relating to the case included: the property owners raised an argument that by its actions, the city was in essence violating the Fifth Amendment’s clause that deals with takings. In this clause, a provision is made for the government to accord just compensation for any private property taken by them. Another issue arising was the determination of whether taking this property and selling it to private developers was in essence a public use of the land. The Supreme Court of Connecticut ruled in favour of New London. In his ruling, Justice John Paul Stevens, stated that the taking qualified to be for public use in relation to the takings clause. The city by taking the land did not intend to benefit a certain group of privates but was intended for an economic development plan. Further the judge noted that the Fifth Amendment was not after the literal public use but rather broader interpretation that could include public purpose. The bench of judges was accused of being an activist in this case. Upon this ruling, there was outrage an
Inspired by “ The Taming of the Shrew” play by William Shakespeare, the “ 10 Things I hate About You” movie commences with the main character, Cameron, Padua High new student, in the office of a quirky counselor Perky who is the guidance mistress. Michael procedure on to walk Cameron around the school compound and later, they become close friends clique. When Michael is passing him through the orientation process, Cameron quickly notices a very beautiful blonde called Bianca Stratford from sophomore. Unfortunately, the only impediment towards getting to know her better is that she has no permission to date whatsoever just like Katrina, her ‘shrew’ sister. Interestingly, Katrina is the opposite of Bianca in that she has fallen for feminist prose, indie rock, and totally despises conformity. Along the way, their father allows them to date on condition that Katrina had to have a date for Bianca to do so. Thus, the dilemma to Cameron, who is interested in Bianca, is to fix a friend to date Katrina in order to be with Bianca. Fortunately, Michael comes to his rescue by tricking the pretty model collage mate called Joey Donner in believing that his only chance to get to Bianca would be paying someone to date Katrina. Written in the Elizabethan Era, the play “ The Taming of the Shrew” reflected upon the assumption of this era when men were perceived as superior to women. The theme of patriarchy as a status determination facet has been addressed by William Shakespeare. This orientation was applied in status determination, and defining traditional values to be imposed on the womenfolk. Reflectively, modern appropriation seems to embrace the same trend though hidden in ‘parental protection’ assumption as presented in the movie, the “ Ten Things I Hate About You” produced by Gill Junger. In the Shakespeare’s era, the society had sophisticated speech as compared to the rugged informal one characters use in the movie. Though Shakespeare’s language was refined, the movie used colloquial dialect characterized by slangs such as ‘heinous bitch’ in reference to Katrina. In the Shakespearean text, ‘wild beast’ and ‘shrew’ was used to define Katharina’s character. Generally, in the Renaissance era, men dominated and exercised authority quite regularly. Shakespeare’s Katharina is defined by Lucentio and Gremio in the first interaction as hell irrespective of her feelings. In comparison, Kat has enough freedom at the expens
Background The La Fitness Centre is one of the renowned fitness centres in the Hatfield region. It started its operations in 1984 (Black, 2013). This organization is equipped with tailored starter programmes, fully supervised gyms, super-free weight facilities, personal trainers, meta-fits, indoor pools, and cricket nets facilities (Black, 2013). This organization offers services that support physical exercises. La Fitness faces competition from giant organizations such as David Lloyd, YMCA Health and Fitness, Mill Hill School Sports Centre, and Devine Fitness Ltd (Caster, 2013). Currently, the main problem affecting the La Fitness Centre is competition. Many organizations have ventured into this business, leading to competitive forces based on facilities offered, pricing, customer relations, promotional activities, and service delivery among other issues (Black, 2013). Research objectives Adjustments Upon reviewing the initial objective of this research proposal, some aspects should be amended. The first adjustment would be to establish the behaviour of each market segment within the Hatfield area. Therefore, the objective will incorporate the demographic characteristics of potential customers in the Hatfield area. Revised objectives (RO)   * RO1: To assess and evaluate the primary competitors in terms of pricing strategies and other core competencies, in order to identify and copy the best strategies in its operations for different market segments.   * RO2: To assess, evaluate, and come up with new promotional strategies that can help the La Fitness Centre to gain competitive advantage within different market segments.   * RO3: To create an employee training module, in order to offer consumers personal services and develop good relationship with them.   * RO4: To purchase and modify the facilities to enable the La Fitness Centre to be competitive in the market. Research design The evaluation research will be used in completing this applied dissertation. The other strategy will involve the participant-oriented model, which emphasizes on the central importance of the participant evaluation through use of a survey method (Chisnell, 2005). Process of research The evolution research will be adopted to effectively carry out the qualitative research. The first stage will involve personal interviews with customers to e
Introduction Many businesses have a challenge, especially concerning logistic procedures. For instance, there is always a problem of comparing the costs against the benefits of a process. For any business, there is always the need that they choose only those projects that have maximum benefits and minimum costs. This fact, therefore, means that a business only considers viable that project that will benefit it at the lowest operational costs. In this work, there is an analysis of the decisions concerning a firm called Gorman Marketing Company, which is a Polish firm that offers transportation services to customers on goods purchased. In this particular case study, the firm is faced with the problem of choosing between buying new delivery vans or sticking to the old system. The work will, therefore make a decision for the company, recommend that best practices, and highlight additional efforts that would make the process viable. Summary of the Case Study The company owns eight warehouses and has plans of adding two new ones in cities across Poland. The original warehouses are each 600 square meters, and the new ones will be about 1000 square meters. There were 2-7 people employed at each of the warehouses to facilitate the process of ordering, which they did manually through soliciting. There was also a sales manager placed in charge of each group of salespeople. The manager was in charge of supervising the people placed under him. He also collected small payments from the customers who paid on credit and whose credit period had extended beyond the 14 days in the agreement. The manager was particularly important because of the consideration that about 60% of the transactions occurred on credit. The ordering process of the firm initially involved the salespeople employed looking for orders from customers on pre-printed forms that ensured they only sold items that were at the store. A typical ordering system could deliver between 15 and 20 items at a total cost of 300 PLN. One delivery carried 18 separate boxes. Orders placed on a given day were delivered the next day because of the difficulties in the packing and finalization of the process. The process of loading the vans took about 90 minutes while as much time as possible was spent on the process of sorting out the orders according to their destinations. Each of the warehouses was equipped with one delivery van except for Warsaw, which had two vans and Gdynia, which had a total of three vans. The vans had a capacity of between 10 to 12 square meters and made 25 deliveries per week. The proposed new delivery process would require that the company buys new vans that had a larger capacity than the older ones. For this case, the new vans would have a capacity of between 15 to 20 square meters but would cost the company about 82500 PLN each. The new vans would giv
Introduction California is the third-largest state in United States situated in the western coastal region. It is a well-developed state with various activities as well as having high population of around 37 million people. In this state, there is a well and organized water distribution system for water utilization as compared to the other states of the United States. Nowadays, California has various water reservoirs- one of the advantages the state has, becoming the leading agricultural state in United States as well as worldwide. With well-developed water reservoirs, storage and formation of many projects, California transformed its natural resources as well as desertification environment into a productive farmland (Carle, 33-46). Main Body There is less rainfall in California and most cities in this state receive less than 20 inches of rainfall yearly. The economy of California State has grown rapidly due to the presence of well-distributed water systems in most cities within the state. The distributed water comes from industries, developers and manufacturers within the state. Well-organized water distribution plants from different cities have distributed quality water to their customers, giving a reputation to the distribution system body in California States. The harnessing and capturing of water in dams, reservoirs and rerouting it in concrete rivers within the cities of California has made the distribution bodies feel proud (Outwater, 5-16). It is useful to take and use treated water every time as directed by health bodies in the medical department in our homes. This helps to control water-borne diseases like cholera and typhoid that affect a number of people within a given area. Water in California State sometimes exposes to chemicals from industries as well as sewages that carry harmful microorganisms, which are vulnerable to an outbreak of diseases. However, many plants in California State use high technology to ensure that water distributed is of higher quality before it reaches the consumers’ tap. Microbial found deep in water supply distribution systems are threats to water channels hence, the results in water quality degradation (Geldreich, 45-62). Larger plants have abilities to treat water acidity, alkalinity, color, hardness, taste and odor through their own laboratories, before supplying their products to customers. Meanwhile, most plants use basic techniques when treating water by applying fluoride t
Introduction Oedipus Tyrannus is one of Sophocles’ masterpieces. This play brings into action different historical issues that are pertinent in contemporary world. Written between 428 and 425 B.C, Oedipus Tyrannus remains all time favorite play. Sophocles explores “how it is to be a human and live in a world that does not bend itself to support humanity” (Meineck & Woodruff 10). Sophocles addresses historical issues like oracles and divination and Greek religion among others. These plays were part of Greek religion; actually, it was a form of worship where they worshiped , Dionysus, a seditious revelry god who lived in the wilderness. According to Meineck and Woodruff, amongst Greek people, divination and oracles served as the only form of revelation, no priesthood, sacred books, theology, or founders, only seers and oracles (13). Delphi; being the most sanctimonious place in Greece, gave the final word on every matter and all people had to respect its oracle. Oedipus Tyrannus expounds on these works in a colorful event dealing with society issues like murder, rape, marriage, family, leadership, and divinity among others. Importance of the Story Though written many years ago, Oedipus Tyrannus addresses important issues that affected people during those times. Interestingly, the same issues appear to be affecting people in the contemporary world. This fact solidifies the common adage that, ‘the more things change, the more they remain the same.’ It is amazing that the issues that rocked the newly civilized society are still pertinent in a fast moving world where civilization has hit climax. The main character here, Oedipus, is acting like most of our leaders in modern times, confident, heroic, saying one thing and doing the other coupled with deliberate denial of the truth even when all evidence is available. This play is important because it handles issues that are happening in our society today. Oedipus appears as a hero especially at the beginning of the play where he solves the Sphinx’s enigma. It takes a lot of confidence to engage in a dangerous activity that Oedipus engages in. He offers to give Sphinx an answer although he knows a wrong answer would lead to death. After this incidence of freeing people from the wrath of Sphinx, Oedipus becomes popular and garners massive following due to his intelligence and bravery. This phenomenon is common in modern world where a single act of boldness and bravery will lift someone to stardom. The first person to hail Oedipus is a temple priest who says, “You freed us from the Sphinx, you came to Thebes and cut us loose from the bloody tribute we had paid that h