ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Business law deals with all legal matters that govern individual and cooperate business groups. These laws start all the way from the government, states to local councils. States and local councils make laws that specifically govern the institutions in which they are. In Tennessee, there is an overall assembly meant to make laws to govern the state institutions found there. In addition, the proceedings of Metro council were available. A comprehensive listening of the recorded Metro council meetings produced the finding discussed below (Metro council, 2010). Examination The council meeting started with confirmation of the attendance of the councilors. The council is a legislative branch of the government that rules through the senate and other official departments. These departments may be official government agencies. The agencies tackle matters such as printing and bookkeeping. The judiciary together with the executive makes up the remaining parts of the ruling authority. The role of the executive is ensuring that laws made find application in area in focus. On the other hand, the judicial branch is entirely the court system with the Supreme Court being at the top of the ladder (TENNESSE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 2002). The attended session was Metro council. It helped in getting deductions for this report. While attending the Metro council it was definite that there is a stack difference between national, state, and local legislative processes. National and state legislative processes take place under laws provided by the institution question. However, for the local legislative process, there is delegation of powers from the state. The similarity is that all the three processes are limited only to their sphere of influence (NASHVILLE .gov, 2010). The session majorly dwelled on proposed zone changes of title 4 map for the city to take care of newly demarcated industrial domain. The main objective was to support the economy and provide employment to residents. The key players who moved the motion were Maryanne Carson and the governors. The council used ordinance type of legislation to go through the discussions. Amending the title 4 map was the purpose of proposed legislation. This was because the city had adopted the project in 2003 called north-west liberty plan to promote urban character. After thorough council discussions, the legislation went through. This meant that the law created was to be in effect. Analysis The legislation had the strength of improving the economy of the city through right legislation. Weaknesses present could be a shallow view of the matters put on table without documentary evidence. The threats to the legislation could include angry reaction from the industries. Major points of the legislation were the zoning of the map and designation of industrial areas and residential neighborhoods. The zoning of the city had both strong points and drawbacks
Persuasion remains one of the most important psychological tools that push people to perform specific actions. An American scholar, Robert Cialdini, identified six principles of persuasion. These principles are liking, reciprocity, social proof, consistency, authority, and scarcity (Cialdini, 2001). In this paper, one specific direction, namely liking, will be addressed. In addition, it will be examined how social psychological principles of persuasion are relevant to the principle of respect. Also, the characteristics of the communicator will be identified. Then, the paper will contain a plan on how to enhance persuasiveness using alternative principles. At the end of the article, ethical issues related to the information provided will be discussed. Liking is one of the essential principles of persuasion. The principle of appreciation implies the idea that people tend to be influenced by those who they like or find attractive (Orji, Mandryk, & Vassileva, 2015). It is based on several factors, such as similarity, compliments, and mutual goals. Cialdini, in his work “Harnessing the Science of Persuasion,” narrates the Tupperware party as one of the examples of how the principle of liking works in practice. Usually, hosts of the party invite their friends, colleagues, and relatives to their apartment to demonstrate products for sale. Typically, these products are purchased by the guests at the end of the demonstration. However, the guests buy the goods not because they need them but because they like the host of the party (Cialdini, 2001). It is crucial to notice that even though the principle of liking yields positive results, all the other principles of persuasion are also relevant and used in collaboration with each other. Thus, it is difficult to use the principle of liking without the principle of reciprocity. It is especially noticeable in the example of demonstration parties. As it was mentioned above, guests purchase products during these parties primarily because they are attracted by the hosts. However, in this case, the principle of reciprocity also plays a significant role. The invited guests are treated by hosts in a reasonable manner and enjoy delicious food that is usually cooked and served by the hosts. As a result, at the end of the demonstration, they want to thank the organizers of the party and buy the products in order to show their appreciation. It would be a mistake to suggest that all the other principles of persuasion are not relevant to the direction of liking. By continuing to analyze the example of demonstration parties, it becomes clear that the focus of social proof also brings an impact. Thus, if one of the guests decided to buy a product, others also try to do the same. In addition, if a party is visited by experts who can answer the questions and prove the benefits of the products by showing appropriate documentation, the demand is further increasing (Goodman-Delahunty, & Howes, 2016). It is ensured by authority, which is another principle of
Abstract Aviation security has been a big problem in the United States of America. Critics have argued that terrorists have used airports to get into and even move all over the US. This has created various debates on what should be done to ensure more security in airports. This paper looks into the agencies that have to cooperate to ensure safety in the airports. These agencies have been working independently, trying to deal with the issue of insecurity in airports. However, a joint effort is the best option to deal with insecurity in airports. Several challenges that have been faced and can be solved by joining forces have also been discussed. Introduction Diplomatic wrangles that have led to acts of terrorism have made airports and port key focus points for terrorists. Due to this, Elias (2009) argues that various agencies have to come together to enhance the security levels in these two mentioned points. This paper will look into the cooperation of various agencies in an attempt to tighten the security in airports and in aviation in general. Agencies involved in airport security The airport personnel The airport personnel is the first agency that has the responsibility to ensure security in the airport. Airport personnel include the security guards that the airport has hired and the staff. Some of the things that the airport personnel does in relation to security include frisking the passengers and anyone else in the airport, checking the luggage, keeping an eye on anyone who is not supposed to be in the airport, keeping an eye on the passengers to reduce conflict, reporting any person who is trying to travel and has been denied access, and arresting and holding anyone who, for obvious reasons, is considered to be a terrorist or a criminal. The first thing that the airport personnel have to do is to confirm the identity of the passengers. Rodriguez (2008) explains that many criminals have been caught trying to flee using fake passports and other documents. Checking and confirming documents not only highlights terrorists and criminals, but it also highlights illegal immigrants. Airports have upgraded their technology to make this process easier. Many airports, including the John F. Kennedy, Los Angeles International Airport and O’Hare International Airport, among others, have adopted the biometric technology of identifying their passengers. Biometrics include checking fingerprints, scanning the retina and at times even checking facial patterns to confirm that the individual is who they say they are. Elias (2009) adds that many airports are also trying to adopt CAPPS II technology. This is the Computer Assisted Passenger Pre-screening System. This technology will require passengers to give detailed information about themselves when they are booking their flights. Currently, identity is confirmed just before the passenger boards the aeroplane. Government agencies The government agencies also have a role to play in airport security. Salter (2008) explains th
Using expertise in the policy arena of homeland security, the Aggranoff’s appended version of Federalist No. 44 is a proper guide to action. The community safety calls for implementation of prevention programs that are community-based while educating citizens to cut down on violent behavior and bullying. Federalist No.44 encourages mentoring programs, which aim at supporting all aspects of young people’s lives. Through it, young people will interact with adults in a one on one relationship. There will be making and supervising of matches by leaders to ensure the program is effective. Though programs may differ by location, provisions in the federation ensure that there is maintenance of integrity and program principles through the state organizations that oversee recruitment, screening, and matching of groups (Madison, 2010). It also has provisions for the supervision and support to mentors. This is possible because there are restrictions to enter into treaties, alliances and confederations. Certain paragraphs of the federal (the second and third paragraph) also emphasize on the liberty of the nation’s citizens. Therefore, all citizens will work towards the success of the nation and not for individual benefits. Federalist No.44 also involves the provision of therapeutic foster care that is substantial for the lives of chronically delinquent citizens. Restricting foreign trade in the country is vital for the economy’s development; else, every citizen will want to work towards benefitting himself/herself. Additionally, if the nation’s citizens interact freely with the outside nations, there will be non-adherence to the policies and citizens will be addressing individual issues, which are a threat for the state’s development (Madison, 20
The global financial crisis hit the UAE economy when it was enjoying above average growth rate. The market in the UAE was in boom due to the easy and cheap accessibility of capital that resulted in high degree of lending and borrowing and high level of investment and consumption. Commodity prices, such as that of crude oil were high, leading to increased level of capital accumulation. This boom time in UAE coincided with the US sub-prime recession that began in 2005. The financial market was crippled completely when in 2008 Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy. 2008 marked a turbulent year for the Arab countries, even though they began the year with high oil prices, buoyant real estate sector, and thriving banking sector (Ravichandran & Maloain, 2010). The only problem that was imminent during the period was increasing inflation due to the depreciation of the US dollars. Therefore the banks that earlier had easy access to international market, were now grappling for finances. This crisis has led to dramatic changes in the growth process of the Arab world and GCC countries (Brach & Loewe, 2010; Ravichandran & Maloain, 2010). Therefore, the pertinent question that arises is that the degree to which the global financial crisis has affected the economy of UAE, especially its business sector, and the effect it will continue to have on businesses. The aim of the paper is to discuss the global financial crisis and the impact it had on the UAE economy and businesses. The economy of UAE was in boom until 2008, with positive conditions in its financial market, investments, capital accumulation, and growth. The economic growth of UAE when compared with other regions like European Union, the world economy, and the US economy from 2004 through 2009 (see figure 1), it can be observed the UAE economy had a higher growth rate than the other regions through 2004 to 2009. However, the growth rate followed a similar pattern of declining growth rate since 2006. UAE has been one of the fastest growing economies of the world and its GDP had crossed $270 billion mark, even when the construction industry has been in recession but the growth rate of the economy fell to -0.7 percent in 2009 (World Bank, 2010). The economy had a very high growth rate, and the per capita income of the country since 2005 had been higher than European Union countries. The service sector of the economy has been the highest contributor to the GDO with its share at 44 percent in 2009 (World Bank, 2010). Figure 1: Comparison of GDP growth (in percentage), Source – World Bank (World Bank, 2010) The economy was doing very well until the real estate industry showed signs of downfall in mid 2008. The boom market had created excess supply of realty. However, property prices crashed by 15 to 25 percent i
Introduction: The Effects of Social Networking: At the Dawn of the New Era Over the past few years, the importance of live communication seems to have dropped, while the use of social networks has increased several times. Indeed, with the help of social networking, a lot of communication issues vanish without a trace. To start with, social networks serve as a kind of a bridge between countries and continents, linking the most remote places on the Earth together and allowing people from different corners of the world talk without any tangible problems. However, in the recent social networking history, the infringements of users’ rights have been spotted. Since in most social networks, users are to specify their actual personal information, starting from the date of birth to the place of residence, the people who have become a part of social networking become extremely vulnerable to the attacks of hackers. Taking into account the recent increase in the cases of account breach, one must admit that the security of social networks leaves much to be desired, and can possibly cause its virtual users a lot of real problems. Concerning the Knowledge Deficit It is necessary to mention that the given sphere has not been researched well enough. Through the pros and cons of using social networks have been studied long enough, such an obvious negative feature as fraud in social networking has not been yet studied quite well. According to Dupont, Bailey and Shearing have explored the aspect of the network multilateralization (Dupont 76); however, the researchers did not explore exactly the instances of online fraud. Hence, the problem of online identity theft needs to be considered closer. It is necessary to mention that several researches have been written on the given issue. For instance, Dupont, Lehrman and Powell touch upon the given issue. It is important to mention that at present, the state of knowledge has been improved; however, there is still a considerable knowledge deficit in the given sphere. To be more exact, the fact that social networking can pose a threat to one’s personal data has been stated. However, none of the existing solutions have been offered to handle the situation. While Dupont offers a statement about the conceptualization of security in the age of networks, Lehrman explains in details what kind of threats one can face when using social networks – blackmailing, to be exact – and Powell shows in a rather graphic way how far the insecurity of social networking has gone, none of the authors actually suggest a one-hundred-percent efficient means to solve the problem, which is an obvious knowledge gap in the given sphere. Social Networking and Privacy Issues: Concerning the Security Indicating their private data in the fields required for filling in when signing up for another social network, the
Discussion First, the class helped me understand the meaning of culture where it refers to a specific system of knowledge that is shared by a specific group of people which is considered as the tradition of that group of people. Some of the things that constitute the system of knowledge include; concepts of the universe, religion, experiences, roles of the members, values, meanings, and language (Fry 93). Due to these differences in ideas, values and behavior a conflict may take place. These disagreements are referred to as cultural conflict (Lansford 3). From the different and diverse cultures expressed by each student, I felt that cultural differences can be a cause of conflict. The class also helped me understand the diversity between different cultures. All the cultures are equally important no matter how different they are from ours. However, some ideas and beliefs are shared across most cultures. If a conflict arises, a mediator is required to carry out the mediation process so as to bring harmony between the two parties. I felt that is not possible to make one cultural group conform to the ideological beliefs of the other party and thus the main importance of the dispute resolution is to create a middle ground for the different parties. Various disputes arising from people of different cultures can be solved if every person can respect and acknowledge diversity (Blank 58). For example, I learned that in India and Saudi Arabia women adore and highly respect men. They have little or no freedom of making crucial decisions in society. Cultures in the European countries and America give almost equal respect to either gender. Women make decisions and can disagree with men. In a society where cultures interact there is a chance of conflicts taking place like the Indian and Arabic men expect such respect from women. To solve this dispute the mediator should try to understand both cultures and strike a middle ground to bring harmony and co-existence. Lessons learned are most important for me I learned that every individual has a responsibility to help avoid and solve disputes arising from the cultural conflict. I also learned that a good mediator should know his or her own culture (Berry 57). A good mediator should also expect other people to have different expectations and views. There is no specific solution to each conflict thus the mediator should value both parties’ ideas to formulate a conclusion. I understood the importance of listening to other people’s experiences and views. By listening to the various experiences and practices of people from different parts of the World, I not only understood various cultures but also the reasons behind such practices. It also revealed the points of departure of different cultures. A good mediator strives to be unbiased and respect both parties at all times (Deutsch 4). Understanding other cultures make me appreciate all cultures and gain more knowledge about their practices. This enhanced my skills to be a good mediator whenever a cultural conflict arises. In conclusion, I understood that conflict resolution is a major tool that can be used to bring harmony to the World. We sh
Since goods and services need to move from producers to ultimate consumers, individuals involved in business have to employ distribution channels that work perfectly to deliver products. This brings various benefits to the company, which encourages businesspeople to keep the economy thriving and running. To mention a few of these benefits, like generating employment, providing finance to people involved, promoting goods, and giving market information. These are just a few of the many advantages that accrue from distribution. The main aim of these channels is to collect the commodities from various manufacturers and make them ready for consumption by the end-users. With these functions available, information and products move from manufacturer to consumer inefficiently and promptly. In a normal chain, some wholesalers sell the products to retailers and finalize with the consumers. Distribution logistics employ the three parties mentioned earlier, controlling movement, planning, and realization of goods. Physical and online retailing involves direct transactions from wholesalers to retailers and consumers, while online transactions are conducted via the internet. For instance, when a website is used to sell products, it duplicates the feel and looks of the store since the customers do not interact directly with the commodities. These can make more customers since quality information of the products is normally provided on the website. On the other hand, online retailing has its disadvantages, like people who have no access to internet services. When it comes to the advantages of online-only exposure, there is less fatigue since customers access the site with not much movement. Having gone through channels, I would redesign a Coca-Cola distribution channel. For now, they are selling concentrates to bottlers who sell to wholesalers and finally to retailers. I suggest Coca-Cola buy bottlers and put them under one umbrella to allow easy management. Bottling outside the company may create logistics challenges that Coca-Cola can avoid using its vast resources and experience.