ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Domino’s Pizza is a fast food chain of restaurants that is headquartered in the United States of America, but it has a large network of international branches worldwide (Abc News, 2013, para 5). The firm was established in 1960 by two brothers, Tom Monaghan and James Doyle, following the duo’s successive takeover of Dominicks. The business changed its trade name to Domino’s Pizza, Inc. five years later, in 1965, following a decision arrived by its sole owner Tom Monaghan at the time. The firm’s first franchise store opened in 1967 in Ypsilanti. This reflected its growth. The first international store opened up in early 1983 in Canada’s Winnipeg area in the Manitoba province. The chain presently has a presence in close to 70 countries across the world. It employs a workforce of more than 145,000. It is considered to be the leading global fast-food chain of restaurants with corporate, as well as franchised stores that exceed the 10,000 marks (Domino’s, 2013, para 1). Domino’s competes with other numerous fast food chains in the market that include both international and local market players. Domino’s is ranked second in the global market behind another American brand, Pizza Hut that is owned by YUM! Brands. Other established industry players include McDonald’s Corporation and Papa John’s International. The rival firms have equally expanded their franchise networks and spread throughout the global market. The major competitive challenge has been maintaining lower operational costs in order to sustain higher profitability amidst the poor global economic situation. Consumers’ spending power was reduced significantly as many people considered spending their little disposable income on basic necessities only (Gluyas, 2013, para 2). External Analysis of the Company Positive market outlook Consumer demands are also expected to increase with the overall global economy improving following poor performance in the recent past. According to Morning Star (2013, para. 6), restaurant industry sales in the US are expected to attain the $604 billion mark. This will represent a 3.6% annual growth. This is critical, particularly coming immediately after a period of economic lull that lasted for about three years (Morning Star, 2013, para 7). The improving economic situation and conditions are enabling customers and potential buyers remain with a significant amount of disposable income that they can eventually spend on luxury products, such as buying and enjoying fast foods with their families and friends. International market expansion Domino’s eventual entry in 2010 into the German market has provided it with a great opportunity to enhance its profits and market performance in general. A Master Franchise Agreement signed between the company and Yakir Gabay, the owner of over 3,000 residential units and a multiple number of hotels, offers a lucrative business opportunity for the restaurant chain. This has seen Domino
Assessment of Children’s Writing: Reasons, Types, and Information Determining whether a child can express their ideas in writing coherently allows identifying whether they meet the development standards of their age. Thus, writing tests will help to locate cognitive development problems and the health issues that may have caused them. Traditionally, several types of writing assessment are identified in an academic environment. Similarly to the evaluation of other literacy skills, these include diagnostic, formative, benchmark, and summative types. The information that teachers seek to locate in these tests is how well students understand the subject and whether they can translate theory into practice. Theories of Early Writing Development The task of developing early writing skills can be approached from several theoretical angles. For instance, Dewey and Vygotsky’s theory will allow a teacher to approach the process of writing as the development of essential social skills. Ferrerio and Teberosky, in turn, argue that the acquisition of writing skills reflects the child’s understanding of how social interactions work and, thus, explain their perception of communication within their community (Richmond et al. 115). To embrace the importance of early writing development, one should examine it through the lens of both theories and view it both as the reflection of the cognitive process and the acquisition of social skills. Strategies for Developing Writing in Kindergarten through Grade Three The job of an early childhood development educator is very demanding since it implies the need to prompt early childhood development. The acquisition of writing skills is among these requirements, which is why the strategies such as starting with simple sentences, using descriptive ones, and appealing to learners’ individual experiences are often used by kindergarten teachers. The appeal to learners’ experiences helps to keep the process of writing skills development personalized and exciting. In addition, using different writing prompts and keeping a journal are good examples of how a teacher can encourage writing skills development in young learners. Work Cited Richmond, John, et al. Curriculum and Assessment in English 3 to 11: A Better Plan . Taylor & Francis, 2017.
Introduction “To Build A Fire” (August 1908), written by Jack London, details the story of a man who foolishly underestimated the environment that he found himself in which resulted in his death. The short story describes the actions the actions the man took to meet up with his associates and how they contributed to his misfortune. Throughout the events in the story, the man remembers various flashbacks of advice given to him by a man from Sulphur Creek, which revealed the foolishness of his actions. Not checking the temperature, not having someone else come along with him as well as not being observant of his surroundings are the main contributing factors that lead to his demise. After reading the story, the central idea that can be drawn from it is that assumptions can kill. Action and Reaction The first situation that supports the idea that assumptions can kill can be seen in the commentary of the main character in the story when it comes to the surrounding temperature. He continuously made allusions to his supposed capacity to handle the weather, thought that the temperature was not as cold as it was, and believed that he could make it to this destination before the temperature got lower. The problem with this scenario is that his survival hinged on him being right when in reality he was wrong about the temperature, his ability to survive and being able to make it to his destination without any problems. This is a clear case of action and reaction wherein his actions of assuming without verification lead to a life threatening situation that could have been avoid
Introduction The business cycle and real estate cycle have a strong association. The statistical association between periods of booms and busts in house prices and periods of economic instability suggests that understanding the nexus between real estate markets and the real economy is likely to constitute a central issue and raises some important questions. Economists have defined business cycles as wavelike movements of increasing and decreasing economic prosperity. In such a phase employment dips considerably and there arises a rise in consumer goods prices. Presently the US economy is in a recessionary phase. This is due to the decrease in US consumer spending. Economists believe that real estate follows the trend of long-term business cycle. This has been supplemented by an increase in global oil prices. Body The US economy has been facing an economic downturn since 2004. The sluggish growth has been shown in figure 1 (see Appendix). Further the inflationary pressure on the economy is high which is currently at around 2% (Appendix, figure 2). This has adversely affected consumer confidence and US consumer spending has gone down considerably. This has in turn affected the GDP as it is primarily driven by consumer spending. Sluggish growth rate has affected US consumer confidence which is reportedly at its lowest level in 16 years. Higher oil prices, high commodity prices and higher fuel prices are causing an inflation headache for the Federal Reserve. Analysts suggest that to tackle inflation Fed may increase the interest rates, but that will only worsen the economic slowdown. This situation has been described as “fire and ice” by the IMF. The latest reading of US consumer sentiment also showed a worsening situation. Higher food and fuel prices and fears over the economy, jobs and wages mean that US consumers’ expectations for the next six months are at an all-time low, according to the Conference Board which polls 5000 households monthly. The percentage of consumers expecting business conditions to get worse over the next six months jumped to 33.9% in June from 32.9% the previous month. And the percentage of those expecting fewer jobs to be created in the months ahead rose to 35.5% from 32.3%. Sluggish growth, high inflation, long-term high unemployment rate and rising oil prices have dipped the housing prices to an all-time low (Appendix, figure 3). In the housing market, property prices fell by their fastest rate since 2000, according to the Case-Schiller home price index. Prices in the 20 cities it monitors was 15.3% lower in April compared to the year before. The narrower 10-city index was 16.3% down, its biggest decline in its more than two-decade history. Las Vegas and Miami experienced falls of more than 25%, while the declines in Denver, Chicago and Cleveland were less severe. Research has shown a decline of housing prices has been attributed due to the decline in consumer confidence which has been attributed to declining housing prices all over the US. “The economic pullback since last year has been led by slumping home construction and flattening business investment. Bu
Introduction The public debt of the United States has been a topical issue in the country for a long time. Nowadays, the already staggering numbers continue to increase despite the fact that the public and the government have addressed the matter. Nevertheless, it is often said that the growing amount of debt has not reached its peak, and when it does, it will entail an unprecedented economic collapse. The purpose of this paper is to examine the issue, as well as several ways proposed to resolve it and mitigate the consequences. Main body While the problem in question has been receiving increasing attention from the media and the public in recent years, its origins date back to the countries foundation. Over the history of the United States, there have been few periods when the country’s national debt was not considerable compared to the economy (IOUSAtheMovie, 2008). As far as the present situation is concerned, the U. S. National debt exceeds twenty-seven trillion dollars (U.S. national debt, n.d.). Generally, the issue derives from a lack of balance between the country’s revenues and expenditures. According to Lee et al. (2013), the government’s revenues depend primarily on taxation and social security. Therefore, increasing spending without a corresponding revenue growth leads to a range of problems, including the budget deficit. In fact, the national debt poses a substantial issue due to the possibility of collapse and a lack of effort to cope with it. As the numbers of the U.S. national debt grow, there is an increasing risk of catastrophic consequences for the country’s economy. Furthermore, it is expected that the issue will become even more severe in the coming years, as the generation of “baby boomers” nears retirement (IOUSAtheMovie, 2008). According to the U.S. national debt clock website (n.d.), the numbers have almost doubled since 2016, and, at current rates, will double once more by 2024. Accordingly, the issue is expected to persist in the near future with the possibility of growing more serious. As mentioned above, the federal government relies on taxation in terms of its revenue. Therefore, the pressure of the national debt may force the government to increase taxes, thus lowering the quality of citizen’s lives. In the worst scenario, the damage to the economy by the national debt growth will entail a global crisis comparable to the Great Depression. In order to solve the problem or, at least, mitigate its consequences, the nation must take decisive steps in the right direction. Public Agenda (2012) proposes three possible methods, which can be implemented to cope with the budget deficit and national debt. The first approach consists of accurate long-term investments in the country’s infrastructure, science, education, and information technology. Accordingly, today’s expenditures are expected to result in significant profits later, thus reducing immediate spending in the long run. Secondly, another approach implies that the government should focus on Social Security and Medicare. Evidently, this
Introducing the Contemporary Business World Executive Summary The proposed business name is Red Lobster Restaurant. The name of the business suggests the proposed core services be offered to customers. To make the best of the existing opportunities, the business will be located at the seashore to offer seafood to customers from different backgrounds, as expressed in the mission statement. According to the mission statement, the business is to provide healthy seafood that will be prepared according to the health and nutritional needs of the target customers. The focus will focus on customers from different income groups to create a customer base sufficiently large to enable the business to generate enough profits to sustain the business. Typically, the business will use modern web technologies and advertising services on the internet to reach a wide audience of customers. The proposed business will offer products at competitive prices to attract a wide number of customers. The business intends to widen the scope of the services and the variety of foods offered and to grow to become a global business empire by taking the unique services close to the people (Marketing theory 2013). Business Name The proposed business name is Red Lobster restaurant. The reason for the use of the above business name is to reflect the type of services the business is proposed to offer. Description of Business The Red Lobster restaurant deals in seafood, which is obtained from the best sea fish and other sources, and the meals provided are of high quality, which is prepared according to the customer’s taste. Form of Business Ownership The proposed form of business ownership is based on the concept of a sole proprietorship. The reason for making the business a sole proprietorship is to optimize the benefits of a sole proprietorship, which includes the ability to run the business based on the available capital base without the need for shareholders. In addition to that, the business will be run as a single entity, making the management of the business flexible and easy to run. Another benefit associated with a sole proprietorship business includes the taxation of profits, which is done on the marginal profits of the sole proprietor. Ideal Customer The proposed ideal customers include people from different financial backgrounds and middle-level income earners. The proposed business plan targets customers from different age groups who have the financial capability to enjoy the services on offer. There are social and economic trends that have affected many households making it difficult to access good quality services. The business will accommodate different people with different economic backgrounds to enjoy the services to be offered (The Importance of Market Segmentation 2013). Our Advantages The pricing strategy will provide the proposed business with the ability to target middle-level income groups from different areas of the state. In addition, there will be additional l
The basic purpose of the analyzed article as it is outlined by the author is to formulate and elaborating a new concept of recovery-oriented mental illness treatment. According to the author, earlier approaches in mental illnesses treatment centered on organizational capabilities and a ‘repressive’ attitude to patients, which often neglected their own needs. In modern conditions of medicine humanization and the development of bioethics, there exists the urgent need to transform dominant approaches within mental illnesses treatment. As the article shows, the process of deinstitutionalization in the sphere of treating mental illnesses which started in the 1970s resulted in transforming formerly centralistic and paternalistic approaches to treating mental illnesses into Community Support Model. The community-based mental treatment system, as the article proves is based on the new comprehensive approach to the issues of psychological health, which puts forth not only the consequences of the illness but its deeper causes and the need for comprehensive recovery and rehabilitation. The introduction of this system is premised on the concerted efforts on behalf of community health organizations, civil society stakeholders, medical specialists, etc. Unless these steps are taken mental treatment is unlikely to become an effective means of serving human mental problems. In this view, the author offers the comprehensive concept of recovery, which is applicable to mental illness and centers not only on treating illnesses but also creating all necessary conditions for returning to normal life, reestablishing broken life ties and possibilities. There is no denying the importance of the fact, that this process is time-consuming and is often connected with severe stresses and dissatisfaction which may cause future comebacks of mental diseases. A person which was cured should be helped and supported to find its place in society, job, and activities. There is no denying the importance of the fact that this can only be achieved within the framework of communal support and help. One of the most important contributions of the author as they are presented in the article is elaborating his own recommendations and assumptions for creating a viable and sound mental illness recovery system. If summarized it claims that the recovery should not be regarded as the function of illness and should be considered as the unique non-linear process. To guarantee effective recovery, it should be provided that a treated person is surrounded by caring people and helpers, which do their best to improve his/ her general health and psychological conditions. The author of the article concludes by saying that old visions of mental illnesses care are outdated and should be revisited with a new concept of recovery. He points out that the task of creating new schemata is very difficult but all necessary steps should be taken to guarantee effective care of those people who are in need. My own reaction to this article is
Corrections serve the objective of separating offenders from the community in which they would function. Corrections is a branch of the criminal law process that gives accommodation and services for offenders who have been convicted of crimes that result in the loss of their liberty (Wilson, 2016). Confinement is the most severe penalty that a healthy democracy can inflict on a person. Correctional discipline is a growing scientifically sound relationship between two ideas: discipline and reintegration. Crimes lose their freedom because society expects that they are punished for their actions. If the pattern of recurrence is to be halted and the prison yard culture transformed, criminals must also learn constructive habits and have good role models. For a long time, social scientists have maintained that reintegration must be the prevailing ideology in correctional policy if only to protect the prison population from overflowing the physical infrastructure. This work was written with the aim of comparing two correctional systems from different countries. Incarceration is associated with jails, prisons, and other correctional institutions that house people who have committed crimes. In most cases, people who are locked up in these facilities are referred to as prisoners. The United States has one of the greatest imprisonment rates in the world, but this is not always due to broken criminal justice. The obvious explanation for this is openness in accounting, as opposed to those nations that do not provide accurate imprisonment numbers. Community supervision is a step after imprisonment or an entire alternative to jail, which has proven expensive to the community. It is part of t
Overview “Over 100 million children around the world work in hazardous conditions in agriculture, mining, domestic labor, and other sectors” (Human Rights Watch). At those workplaces, they are often exposed to adverse environmental influences including pesticides and extreme heat. Moreover, they are frequently abused and have excess workloads which can undermine their health and hinder sound psycho-emotional and social development. For these reasons, UNICEF considers that child labor violates the basic human rights because it is considered to deprive young individuals of childhood and good education and, in this way, condemns them to “a life of poverty and want.” Conflict of Interests Child labor as such is against the interests of children especially if their work is not voluntary. However, without sending their children to work, some families simply cannot survive. In many developing countries where the level of poverty is high, without work, children may have even fewer opportunities for good life. They likely may end up begging or perhaps engage in crime. Thus, it is important to remember that while in the countries with the advanced economies, it may seem like a big problem, in developing regions, it is not n