ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The development of the recreation zones is generally regarded as the one of the most important factors of city development. The fact is that, it is not only the issue of aesthetic satisfaction of the dwellers. This is the issue of environmental protection and public health care. Consequently, if the city council can not allocate sufficient sources for the park development, and Parks and Recreation Department has an opportunity to attract additional resources, no place for offence from the side of the council should exist. Solution The fact is that, the situation is absolutely unambiguous: the Parks and Recreation Department requires additional sources for the implementation of a project, which is directly associated with the direct obligations of the department. The finances for the departmental activity are essentially restricted, and the responsible executives of the department do not wish to stay unemployed, or just wish to perform their working assignments at the high level. Originally, if the city council refuses to allocate the additional finances because of any reasons, any opportunity to get money for the implementation of the required project will be regarded as an opportunity to improve the appearance of the city. It has been already emphasized that there is no place for offence should exist from the side of the city council. Originally, it is considered to be normal to find the financial reserves from the outer sources, if the municipal powers are unable to provide the required sums for the projects, which are intended for the common good. In the light of this perspective, it should be emphasized that the actions by the Parks and Recreation Department may be regarded as absolutely legal, if only the source of the financial assistance is legal. Otherwise, the city council may have serious reason to experience essential concern on the matters of the actions by the subsidiary department. Originally, concern on the matters of legality should be the only reaction of the city council. Moreover, offence, as the response for the official actions or official appeal is not permissible within the municipal department. The city council should reply either with the permission of the further actions by Parks and Recreation Department, or prohibition statement, with clear explanation of the reasons, why the Parks and Recreation Department should not resort to the outer financial assistance. In accordance with Denhardt and Denhardt (2008), there is strong necessity to emphasize that the city councils are obliged to encourage the initiative of the subsidiary departments, is the actions by these departments are aimed at making the common good. The only reason why city council has the right not to permit any department to
Contract Administration Contract administration involves the task of managing the construction of the Victorian Desalination Plant with focus being on the supply and timely delivery of materials. Within the task of contract administration constant communication with the contractor is crucial in managing tasks within the project scope, time and budget. Contract administration is important in ensuring best practices are established and maintained by contractors and sub-contractors. Important stages of contract administration are explained below: System verification Procurement The Victorian Desalination Plant is a huge project and the process of procurement must be handled prudently. Automation of the procurement process would reduce costs in undertaking the project since IT systems helps in tracking the supply of materials to the site. IT systems help in tracking work progress and thus it would be easier to order supplies using IT systems and software designed specifically for procurement thus ordering of supplies can be done orderly and timely and tracking of supplies would be easier. In undertaking the procurement, it would be advisable to take one experienced contractor who would be responsible for supplying materials. The contractor would be responsible for sub-contracting to other sub-contractors and maintaining quality of materials supplied. The decision to choose one contractor is based on integrity and quality assurance issues (Kerzner, 2009). Dealing with one contractor is advisable in managing quality assurance of the materials supplied and making the project cost effective. The project manager in consultation with the project assurance manager will overlook into the procurement procedures and ensure project standards such as safety are maintained. Environmental Environmental preservation is very important and therefore an environmental impact assessment study is important is establishing the extent of environmental destruction. This project is big and therefore its undertaking will lead to emission of greenhouse gases and destroy the delicate ecology of the project area. Therefore an environmental impact assessment is important in coming up with a report which analyses the extent of environmental destruction and systems of how to sort these problems. IT System Integration The use of IT systems in the management of the project is very important and it is advised that various automated systems are used at vital stages of the project. Software that will be used in the project includes: Microsoft Dynamics NAV: This ERP software will be deployed in managing financial costing, undertaking payments, timesheet management and preparing financial reports. Dookmee: This is a storage software system that will be used in managing documents used in the project. This project will have many documents and the software will be deployed in archiving of all documents which include maps, drawin
In his book “A Different Mirror”, Ronald Takaki explores the intentions and assumptions about diversity across the United States. The argument that the United States is a multicultural society has often been challenged by Takaki and others. The skepticism towards the existence of a ‘multicultural society’ is mostly due to the fact that American citizens of European descent are considered to be the ‘natural citizens’ of the United States. Consequently, the issue of race and citizenship is a controversial subject in the United States. However, Takaki observes that America is mostly considered a nation of European immigrants. ‘Americaness’ has for a long time been synonymous with white people of European descent thereby introducing the issue of race in American citizenship. This paper explores Takaki’s arguments in “A Different Mirror” while focusing on America’s history and citizenship. The main argument in Takaki’s “A Different Mirror” is that American citizenship should not be concentrated on European stock. Consequently, individuals from other races should actively take part in activities and decisions that grant them unlimited access to citizenship. Takaki’s arguments are valid because in a multicultural society all citizens should equally contribute to their country’s cultural and political outlook. However, in the United States Europeans dominate both the country’s cultural and political landscapes. It is important to note that the cultures of the original American inhabitants have since faded from the country’s cultural outlook. Therefore, the issue of race supersedes that of immigration or origin when it comes to American citizenship. Although the United States is considered a multicultural society, cases of ethnocentrism have been persistent throughout the country’s history. The internal conflicts that have rocked the United States over the course of history have served as a reminder that the issues of race and citizenship are intertwined. Ethnocentrism is responsible for certain groups of people viewing others as outsiders even though both groups are contained in the same environment. On the other hand, all interethnic conflicts produce both ‘conqueror’ and ‘conquered’ groups. For instance, Takaki outlines how the early encounters between Native Americans and European settlers reveal widespread ethnocentrism. In “A Different Mirror”, the author notes that it was in the best interest of Early European settlers to label Native Americans as savages. The European settlers found it justifiable to rob the early American inhabitants off their land because they were of a different race. Furthermore, it has since been established that most of the stereotypes that Europeans bestowed upon the early inhabitants were unfounded. Takaki correctly argues that race played an important part in the assignment of citizenship during the early European immigration. For example, a majority of the individuals who find it difficult to gain citizenship in America
Just War Theory Just war theory presupposes certain rules on how to resort to war, conduct during it, and how to terminate it according to principles of justice. In this context, enemies, engaged in just war, control, and target the way intended to unleash this war reasonably. When we are speaking about a war, it seems to be impossible to mention ethical principles, because a concept of war is unethical by its nature. On the one hand, it is so, but on the other hand, there is a just war theory. It is a military doctrine of military ethics and has its conditions of legitimate defense by military force. Based on all just wars there is a paradox – to destroy for the sake of peace or to do evil in the name of good. Unfortunately, it is characteristic of human nature. I agree with the main article point that just war follows the criterion “jus ad Bellum”, or “last resort” (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 8). In the international context, military conflict, based on just war, is the result of strong disagreement between the nations. Following the rules of just war, the enemies are guided by the principles of justice: proportionality, absence of reprisals and discrimination, etc. however, the problem of just war raises ethical problems. Moreover, the article itself stresses that just war is a complex phenomenon in terms of human ethics. From my point of view, almost all military conflicts may be resolved with peaceful negotiations. However, a human being is the most disobedient child of the mother-nature. Unfortunately, only just war is the only possible exit in some cases. Animals kill to survive. People kill each other because they can’t find another way of solving their problem. Our mother-nature was generous and gave us the most powerful intellect in the world, but we are not able to use it properly. For this reason, just war theory is a controversial point to be discussed. Use of Force Modern international law has always been confused with the way how to avoid war in world politics. There are a lot of adopted treaties that prohibit the deliberate use of military force, biological, nuclear weapons; however, anti-war international laws proved to be weak in the face of a real military conflict. I agree with the authors that just war principles, revealed in some treaties and legal documents, presuppose the use of force. The article reveals the paradox of the use of force in the context of international laws that formally prohibit such armed acts. Especially, it is notable in the case of self-defense. The use of force in self-defense is a double-sided coin. Morally, it is correct, but legally, it is not, because armed acts used to be considered as “criminal and unjustifiable” in the context of international laws (Armstrong et al. 123). However, human historical experience has shown that laws are neglected in the face of a serious war. At the same time, in peaceful times, restrains on the use of force are widely claimed. Together with the article’s authors, it is possible to conclude that “consistent with the
Introduction Destination Cape Breton is located in Cape Breton, an island at the Atlantic coast of North America, which is part of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. The island covers 18.7% of the entire area of Nova Scotia (Brown & Geddes, 2007). Apart from destination Cape Breton, the island has several other destinations, including Sydney, New Waterford, and St. Peters, among others. During my stay at Cape Breton, I have visited Destination Cape Breton and the Port of Sydney. I have had many experiences, such as adventure in the Port of Sydney, and that has been my favorite place in my entire stay period in Cape Breton. I also enjoy outdoor adventures that exposed me to the intense beauty of the island. I took a tour around the island, both on land and sea. The beauty of the island is so intense that I was forced to be subjective in my judgment that whoever visits the island never wishes to go back home. I came to Cape Breton in 2009, aged 18, to study for my undergraduate degree. The picture was taken on a summer afternoon in 2013 when I was taking lunch with a few of my friends. Due to the fact that I come from the Middle East, I experienced many new things when I came to Cape Breton. This paper aims at discussing several aspects of Cape Breton, especially with regard to the photo taken in the summer of 2013. It draws on marketing approaches. An overview of the Port of Sydney (Sydney Harbor) in Destination Cape Breton, which was one of my favorite photos taken during the summer. Indeed, “My Heart Will Never Leave”. Body The photo above was taken at the Destination Cape Breton at the Port of Sydney (Sydney Harbor). I took the photo among many other photos about two months ago during the summer on the island. Destination Cape Breton has a brand “Your heart will never leave”, which amused me the first day of my stay in Cape Breton. I enjoy each moment that I spend on the island, but what catches my mind most is the Port of Sydney from where I took the beautiful photo. Every time I look at the photo, I cannot help myself going back to the island and marvel at the beauty of the destination. I must admit that I took several photos, but this stood out. Not only because it was the clearest, but due to the beauty of the Port of Sydney in the Destination Cape Breton. I believe that anybody seeing this photo will be tempted to visit a unique place. When I arrived home at the end of the year, I called all my family members together and shared my experience with them. They were not so amused at first, owing to my poor storytelling abilities, but after they saw this photo, they all want to visit Destination Cape Breton the following summer. I am so happy about this because I will have another chance of taking more photos, without forgetting the privilege of being my family’s tour guide. The tagline for my photo was facilitated by my feelings about the
Introduction: Case Study Organizational performance and the success of teams heavily depend on the principles of work and the connections between team members. Knowing that it is important to study organizational communication, the field of study that classifies management and communication principles and generalizes the information on their effectiveness. The case of Hockaday demonstrates the use of the four principles of scientific management indicated in the book by Shockley-Zalabak (64). The first principle refers to the selection of employees, and it is clear from the case that the company’s management pays focused attention to personal qualities and the level of experience of job applicants. They are especially important when it comes to the members of the client support team; all of them have been selected as they possess proper communication skills and are stress-resistant enough to make decisions in difficult cases. Another indicator of the principle of careful selection is the amount of time that key employees have been working at the company. Many of them (for instance, Miles and Freeman) have more than ten years of experience, and it means that the management has an eye for specialists who are ready for long-term cooperation. The company’s management also uses a scientific approach to train employees and help them to develop new skills – for instance, an experiment is used to test the effectiveness of virtual networks. Understanding that biases can interfere with the company’s work, managers use more objective information such as client surveys to identify weak areas and train the support team. Based on the principles of scientific management, equal division of work helps to achieve outstanding results (Khorasani and Almasifard 135). Having implemented changes to the company’s structure, the management introduces new practices to strike a balance between leaders and employees such as scheduled meetings. The fourth principle says that tasks should also be assigned using the scientific method. Using objective data such as system KPIs and client surveys, the management defines three main tasks to be fulfilled by a virtual team. The case and additional materials show that every decision should be made using the scientific method – in other words, reducing the impact of biases and providing evidence is crucial in management. Human Behavior Assumptions Working at Hockaday The results of work are contingent on the interactions of employees and their personal qualities. Knowing that specialists pay close attention to the role of human behavior in organizational communication. The case of Hockaday demonstrates the importance of these assumptions. According to the principles of coordination, conflicts are not to be considered only as barriers to success, and the case of Hockaday partially supports this assumption. The decision to restructure a customer support team was met with vario
Abstract/executive summary Electroencephalogy is carried out to determine the activity of the brain. It is carried out with eyes closed. However, if the experiment is carried out under different conditions results in changes. Furthermore, the experiment can be carried out to determine mental and physical problems such as the spinal cord, nervous system and brain. It can also be carried out to find out the brain status of a person in a coma, sleep disorders, diagnose epilepsy, check dementia and conscious problems and determine the recovery possibility of an unconscious person. However, the test should be carried out in a hospital by a medical technician and while lying on the back on either a bed or inclined chair. Introduction Behavioral neuroscience is the application of biological principles to genetic, developmental mechanisms and physiological study in both non-human and human animals. Generally, it investigates normal and abnormal behavior levels in non-human and human animals. On the other hand, physiological methods examine manners that are exhibited by users while responding to events or objects in a virtual environment. This is a lab report on the EEG experiment carried out. EEG can be used to effectively determine other health problems apart from brain activities. It highlights the methods used in the experiments, results obtained, a brief literature review and discussion with recommendations on improvements on future EEG experiments to be conducted to minimize problems faced while conducting the experiment. An electroencephalogram is a test carried out to record the brain’s activity by electroencephalography. It can also be said to be an electroencephalography record of electric brain activity. It can also be used to estimate voltage fluctuations in the brain neurons. Medically, the test is carried out within 20 to 40 minutes on the brain scalp (Hillsdale nd). The test is carried out with the attachment of special sensors on the head and connected to a computer. The computer then records the activity of the respective brain on the computer or a paper but as wave lines. There are several conditions that can be seen during the test, for instance, seizures, which are visible with the normal changes in the pattern of the electrical activities of the brain (Martin 2003). There are several reasons that necessitate the test. Basically, the reasons are medical and the test is mainly carried out in hospitals. It can be conducted to study sleep disorders, for example, narcolepsy. Secondly, the test can also be carried out to find out the brain stat
Expatriation is the process through which highly skilled personnel is imported to help in improving the efficiency of production, in various productive enterprises. Following the advancement in technology and modernization, firms have started using expatriation as a control mechanism when they grow and expand internally. As it has been revealed, the use of expatriation is commonly practiced in multinational companies where their operations involve various countries (Harzing & Ruyssevedt, 2004). In this regard, firms use techniques in incorporating expatriates in their production; as a control mechanism when they expand internally in their level of production. Certainly, large firms like multinational companies use expatriates in deciding the innovations and inventions to be incorporated in the firms so as to reach the expectations of their clients. More specifically, firms use expatriation as core decision makers in the course of action the firms would take; as this would result into the meeting of global standards of the commodities produced by such firms (Harzing & Ruyssevedt, 2004). Generally, the strategy that firms use expatriation as a control mechanism when they expand internally is through organizing in-service trainings for them, so as to increase their efficiencies. The process of selecting expatriates for companies in one of the major challenges that many companies may face; as it requires consideration of various factors. More specifically, the companies ought to consider various predictors of performance on their process of selecting the most competitive expatriates to employ (Harzing & Ruyssevedt, 2004). First, expatriates would be chosen on the basis of their previous performance in other related firms. It is important to note that, the educational level of the expatriates would also be considered which would give them further credentials to work for the company. Further, the expatriates’ personal initiatives in innovation and inventions as far as business activities are concerned would also be considered. In this case, the selection method to be applied in the choosing of such expatriates may be through interviews and afterward follow-ups in the previously worked firms by such expatriates. (Harzing & Ruyssevedt, 2004). Perhaps, the selection of expatriates to work in top positions by companies would require the consideration of the expatriates’ prior experiences in related firms, and their level of academic achievements. Following the current technologically oriented society, expatriates need to be trained so as to equip them with better skills in their specific activities making them more efficient and effective. As it has been revealed, the regular training of employees would make them more effective as it would regularly review their abilities and prowess various man