ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Problem According to research, corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays one of the most important roles in the arrangement of effective performance. As Maĉaitytė and Virbašiūtė (2018) note in their article, a recent scandal around one of the major actors in the automobile industry – Volkswagen – was associated with the issue of violating CSR. Not only does employees’ unethical behavior affect a company’s financial success but it may also lead to the fall of the organization’s reputation index (Maĉaitytė & Virbašiūtė, 2018). Out of all training performance gaps, the ones related to CSR are the most dangerous and frequently lead to scandals and much public attention. Maĉaitytė and Virbašiūtė (2018) explain that the most typical outcomes of poor performance related to CSR factors include the loss of sales, the fall of stock prices, and the decrease in reputation. Therefore, it is highly important to analyze the potential causes of breaches in a firm’s CSR training methods to eliminate such problems in the company. Human resource development (HRD) is closely associated with CSR since the HRD department must create a straightforward model for its processes that would take into account CSR. Thus, to improve performance, several viable solutions might be offered. Performance Improvement Solutions The initial step in reaching performance improvement related to CSR is the understanding of the difference between merely talking about CSR and its implementation. As Fenwick (2014) remarks, it is necessary to create a set of principles that the company should adhere to and make this set known to each employee. Another effective solution is announcing the outcomes of an employee’s unethical behavior and explaining the accountability of workers in this respect. At present, HRD needs to create and implement specific approaches to promote learning about CSR in companies (Fenwick, 2014). One more possible way of improving performance in this respect is arranging regular assessments of workplace conditions. When employees know that their schedule is flexible and their salary is secure, they do not feel like taking any unethical steps. Recently, there has been much discussion of the so-called “radical” CSR orientation, namely “global responsibility” (Fenwick, 2014, p. 168). The best way of reaching an agreement concerning this discourse is letting employees know about the intricacy of environmental and social problems prevailing in the world (Fenwick, 2014). If Volkswagen had employed these solutions, it would not have faced the emission scandal and would not have experienced serious CSR issues. Measuring Performance Improvement Outcomes To make sure that all employees understand the need for adhering to CSR regulations, it is necessary to evaluate the outcomes of the solutions taken. The primary goal of such measures is to investigate the level of employees’ understanding of the company’s objectives. Each person working for the organization must know what its vision is and which things are considered as unacceptable. The next step is performing surveys with the help of which employees will be able to express their opinions on the
Introduction This paper is based on the books Half the Sky How to Change the World, Gulliver’s travel and 1984. Half the Sky How to Change the World is written by two former New York Times journalists (Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl Wudunn). Gulliver’s travel and 1984 are written by Jonathan Swift and George Orwell respectively. Half the Sky How to Change the World is a collection of the authors’ experiences, while still working for the New York Times. Nicholas Kristof has been perceived by many observers as the embodiment of serious journalism because he hails from the elite society of journalism, although this image is in sharp contrast to the ‘slave owner’ image he represents in Half the Sky How to Change the World (The Guardian 1). The book is based on the experiences of Kristof and his wife as they narrate how they bought child slaves from owners of brothels and later sent them back to their villages. With the help of other organizations, they helped integrate the girls back to their original homes, but as they explain, this was no easy feat. Half the sky How to Change the World equates modern-day slavery to the Trans Atlantic slave trade of the 18 th and 19 th centuries because the authors explain that young girls are trafficked all over the world in proportions that greatly outweigh the African slave trade numbers (Kristof and Wudun 4). Here, they draw a grim comparison of the human trafficking trade to the Trans-Atlantic slave trade and the 20 th century genocide incidences, where human rights violations were perpetrated by the day. Due to the magnitude of the trade, the authors explain that, the 21 st century is characterized by a moral crisis that greatly outweighs any human rights violations of previous centuries. The authors paint a scenario which shows that most of the human traffic trade goes on without any hindrance from authorities or the society because it is ignored. However, they grip the readers’ attention by explaining that, the human traffic trade is the root of most economic, political and social problems experienced in the world today (though the connection is not evident for ordinary people) (Kristof and Wudun 14). Comprehensively, the book Half the Sky How to Change the World exposes the rot that is human trafficking and tries to expose the severity of the trade and how it affects the world today. Gulliver’s travel is a book based on the experiences of a sailor who visits several remote parts of the world. Gulliver’s Travel is mainly written to expose human psychology and the intrigues that surround it (Swift 1). The book exposes the differences among various religions of the world and exp
Disruptive innovations are the innovations that are aimed at creating new openings of market as well as open new networks in the market. In this regard, they tend to replace an existing technology through the improvement of the products or services that were offered earlier (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). This could translate to companies acquiring new customers who tend to understand the new technology and how to use the services and new products. Additionally, disruptive innovations tend to lower prices in established markets even after changing the services that had been offered in the market previously (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). Based on the above, the current classroom could suffer if they do not keep track to the current technological advancement and current innovations. Market share could be one of the major reason attributed to lack of innovative spirit in many companies.Further, it could also lead to slow and sluggish online innovation.Further, this could be attributed to the fact that many companies opt to maintain their status quo or even fear that they could not cope with the stiff competition in the industry. As a result, many consumers could eventually settle to technologies that are rather imperfect (Reiser & Dempsey, 2012). Additionally, this could result to slow rate of growth in innovation and technological advancement in the classroom. The current classroom could suffer the same fate as IDAC and IBM main frame because they require the new technology but due to insufficient funds to cater for the new technology they could not be in a position to adopt the new technology (Evans, 2002). Additionally, the education sector tends to innovate at a slower rate than the user of the products who are the students. Further, when companies innovate at a faster rate than the consumers, the consumers could view the products as too expensive and complicated and hence could prefer to use the one they had been using before (Evans, 2002).Additionally, many companies tend to embrace the new innovations because they ensure that there are high profitability because the consumers are always willing to pay an extra cost for new products which is viewed as superior compared to the former. Disruptive innovation is advantageous because it could allow consumers who for
Philosophy as a scholastic field is known for its versatility, vague boundaries of application and flexibility of the majority of concepts’ interpretations. Fluidity of thought and reasoning process within the philosophical thought can be identified as some of its main characteristics. Nevertheless, it remains a sophisticated science with its own established traditions, schools and major actors, who have solidified a significant part of the field’s canon. Aristotle is undoubtedly one of such scholars, whose views on ethics, conceptualized in the work Nicomachean Ethics , has on multiple levels affected the ways ethics is seen today. This paper aims to discuss the application of Aristotle’s view on ethics onto the tendency of modern digitalization and its relationship with the experience-centric understanding of knowledge. It also aims to comment on one of the most prevalent philosophical questions of whether a man is inherently good. Popular sources have been referring to Aristotle as the patron saint of the digital age, singling him out as the classical scholar whose framework supports the modern technocentric way of life the most. Although peculiar at the first glance, this claim is rooted in Aristotle’s perception of good and his concepts of ethics and morality. In his magnum opus, Nicomachean Ethics , Aristotle introduces the idea of every impulse of science and innovation being fundamentally aimed towards good purpose (Aristotle et al, 2009). In his worldview it is not the results of the innovative pursuits that are positive and moral, but the impulses that drive them. According to Aristotle, the human drive to perfect, develop and create is ethical and aimed at the general prosperity of society. In terms of knowledge, Aristotle belonged to the empirical school of thought as opposed to rational, claiming that knowledge is fundamentally experience-focused. His ethics, however, is largely separated from this line of reasoning and argument, since it is not centred around knowledge. In contrast, Aristotle believed that the purpose of ethics lies beyond the knowledge of what is good or evil, but rather focuses on the application and practice of the theory. Thus originates the function argument that concerns the practical, rational purpose of the human soul. He asserts that the general good of the world lies in the pursue and dominance of reason, and hence the practical pursuit and actions are superior to the theoretical concepts (Hansson, 2017). In this he famously rejects Plato’s fra
Introduction Physical geography is the study of the earth’s physical features. Physical features have adverse effects on human society both in the negative and positive aspects depending on the way they are utilized and conserved. In the recent past physical features have been misused thus leading to environmental changes which has caused negative effects on human health and the development of the human society. Physical geography is in many forms, such as plants and animals, atmosphere and hydrosphere. This paper will focus on the correlation of environmental exploitation and those of human beings. Furthermore it will discuss the importance of promoting and conserving physical and geographical features. Geographical changes and its effects Geographical changes have had severe effects on human society. Global warming is one of the many changes which have negatively affect ted human development and health. This impact has caused some physical features to disappear, for instance rivers have dried and glaciers melted thus impacting negatively on human development. Geographical changes due to climate change have affected the carbon cycle which has directly affected the health of human beings, not to mention human development. Carbon cycle change has led to warming of the earth’s surface thus leading to changes on the physical features 1 . These temperatures on the environment have caused diseases such as skin cancer and eyesight problems. Geographical change has had a great impact on agriculture and agricultural products hence leading to deficiency in food supply across the globe. Researchers have indicated that the extreme change of physical geography has increased the spread of diseases and pests thus negatively affecting the human society development and health. Environmental and Human Exploitation Environmental exploitation has been brought up mostly by food production and other human necessities. This act has become a threat to the environment and other aspects of the same, since many resources have been dilapidated. The extinction of natural resources is causing fear to the existence of human beings since it is hampering development activities and also food production. The increase in the use of sophisticated technology has also contributed in the exploitation of natural resources, for example the use of cutting machines has increased the rate at which tree are felled compared to ancient days. On the other hand human exploitation is the misuse of human labor. In this case human beings are now mistreated for example child labor human trafficking and sexual exploitation
The earth is warming due to greenhouse gases that come mainly from the way we use resources, travel, and create energy. Consequently, the subjects of climate change, global warming, and energy conservation are major talking points and news items in everyday life. Most people worry about the consequences their resource consumption when they hear news about climate change and its subsequent damage to the environment. Moreover, most people assume that the government will solve this problem even though the consequences of too much energy consumption are individual. The ability to solve the problems that are associated with energy consumption depends on individuals changing their ways in order to make positive differences. Consequently, if most people would change their habits of consumption this move would help in solving the problem of environmental degradation. The most significant way of changing people’s habits is to begin with early education programs for children with the view of instilling good conservational practices from this early age. The United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that of all the ways energy is used in America, about 39% is used to generate electricity. Therefore, the consumption of electricity has a major impact on the environment. According to current research, “the goal behind energy conservation is to reduce the country’s reliance on fossil fuel-based energy production, thus reducing the emission of harmful airborne pollutants and greenhouse gases as well as the related environmental harms associated with coal production” (Babcock 94). It might surprise people to know that it is not industries or large corporations that use the most electricity. Instead, American homes use the largest portion of electricity. Since the 1970s, sales of electricity to U.S. households have been more than the ones in the commercial sector (Babcock 944). The large increase in electricity consumption by homes is partly due to population growth and the increased number of single-family households. The largest consumer-based uses of electricity in the United States’ households in 2001 were central air-conditioning and refrigeration, which adds up to around fourteen percent of the total residential energy consumption (Babcock 944). The “number of households with central air-conditioning doubled between 1980 and 2003…..in addition 106 million households with color TVs accounted for thirty-three billion kilowatt-hours” (Babcock 944). Furthermore, color televisions comprised the largest single home-electronic use in 2003. When television use was combined with its supporting devices such as VCRs/DVDs, cable boxes, and satellite dishes, its total energy consumption came to approximately sixteen billion kilowatt-hours. At the same time, many families (sixty million) have personal comput
Introduction The notion of politics belongs to the notions of everyday life and it may be defined from many aspects. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, politics is defined as the art and science of government, the art and science concerned with guiding or influencing government policy, and the art and science concerned with winning and holding control over the government. Also, politics could be viewed concerning business as the competition between rival interest groups or individuals for power and leadership just as in a government. Politics is sometimes characterized as artful and dishonest practices to gain power and control. Generally speaking, politics aims at getting power for exercising control ( Encyclopedia Britannica ). However, the means of obtaining power vary from one leader to another and from one community to another. The means of gaining power and control and the legitimacy of such power are usually enshrined in the political philosophies of certain communities. There is a great correlation existing between the control of resources and the political power in a given society. When a community vests a few individuals with power, these people are in a position of influencing the distribution of resources. As such, great thinkers’ political philosophies are usually intertwined with ideologies relating to property ownership. Politics as an aspect of life will be applied when the resources are involved. Political philosophy is also vital for liberalization and revolutions as they stir up the thinking of the oppressed to stand for their rights. Revolutions give the lost control back to those who ought to possess such control. Political philosophy is a branch of philosophy that evaluates and analyzes a nation and the related concepts such as political obligation, the constitution and social justice ( Encyclopedia Britannica ). For anyone coveting to be a great and successful politician, exploring the thinking of the great political philosophers becomes an indispensable feat. Such readings help the potential politicians to gain a better appreciation of politics as far as these philosophers help to bring out what a good political life is and hand down to the current generation heritage of concise reflection on the meaning and vitality of politics. Political philosophy comes from the western world. The ancient political thinkers and philosophers of the western world include Socrates, Plato and Aristot
Introduction Many writers and poets describe the natural world, countryside, and places far from urbanization as something good and beautiful at its core. However, nature has not only pacifying landscapes and beautiful reliefs but also often unpleasant and destructive forces, which people resist with hard work. This fact is often emphasized by Seamus Heaney’s poetry, which challenges the notions of nature and the countryside as delighted and celebrated phenomena. This paper will analyze Heaney’s poetry to demonstrate how the author helps the ecocritical debate by revealing the relationship between people and nature and its unpleasant side. Analysis of the Poems One of the most famous collections of Heaney’s poems is Death of a naturalist , the works from which will be analyzed in this paper. This collection contains many verses that describe the life of an Irish farmer in the countryside, nature, its elements, and forces are used as a metaphor for the key stages and events of human life. For example, the poems “Death of a Naturalist” and “Blackberry-picking” both show the process of growing up and losing childhood innocence. However, the descriptions that the author uses to create this metaphor also demonstrate the imperfection, strength, and often cruelty of nature. “Blackberry-picking” One can find confirmation of this idea in the lines of “Blackberry-picking”. The main story of the verse is the seasonal blackberry picking, which involves children and teenagers helping their parents. Although the first stanza describes a cheerful picture of finding the first sweet berry, the further development of the plot points to the difficulties of the harvesting process, which are a necessity for farmers. The second stanza also shows the inevitability of natural processes of rotting and decay that symbolize growing up in this context. For example, the author writes, “Our hands were peppered / With thorn pricks, our palms sticky as Bluebeard’s” (Heaney, 2014, p. 10). These lines demonstrate the real difficulties of picking berries from thorny bushes, and a metaphor of particular cruelty of the process, since the author compares their hands sticky with the juice of berries, with the hands of a famous violent pirate sticky with blood. In addition, despite the initial innocence of picking berries, Heaney described the process with a certain brutality. Words such as “flesh”, ” summer’s blood”, “lust”, “like a plate of eyes” allude to the wildness of the children, possibly referring to the pri
A lake is a mass of silent water that is delimited by land from a river, stream or any moving water it however has an inlet that serves it with water. Lakes exist nearly at every part of the universe; however, areas with ample rainfall host the larger number of lakes. In arid and semi-arid areas, lakes exist as well but seasonally as a result of the small rainfall experienced in these areas. Lake Chad, a lake near the famous Sahara desert in Africa, for instance, is one lake that exists on a very dry area; however, its size usually changes according to the dryness or wetness of the Sahara (Likens, 2010). Igneous rocks form from the solidification of pumice either underneath or above the Earth’s surface. Metamorphic rocks result from pre-existing rocks that have been altered chemically or physically without melting the agents of these changes include intense heat and pressure actions of hot fluids. These rocks form through a solid-state transformation an instance when intrusive igneous rock granite is subjected to high pressures and temperatures, the original granite texture will transform to a new texture consisting of alternating light and dark mineral bands. When magma erupts from the Earth’s surface either as a result of volcanic activity or the Earth’s movement, a large mass of land is displaced causing the formation of creators. Volcanic activity also has been a key determinant on the size and shape of lakes available since an eruption may create a new lake as well as terminating an already existing lake or dividing the lake in to several basins. The basins are relatively smaller as compared to real lakes and eventually end up drying up or being swamps. When a creator is formed and rainfall is experienced, the creator will trap rain water and result in a creator lake, though this lake does not necessary have inlet or outlet, therefore, most creator are saline lakes. Lakes are formed in various methods, through depression instigated by faulting of the Earth’s surface. The world’s deepest lake, Lake Baikal in Russia, was formed through this method. The famous Great Rift Valley lakes from Jordan River valley to South-eastern Africa also exist as a result of the Earth’s faulting or fracturing (Cushing, Cummins, & Minshall, 2006). The Rift region constitutes of such lakes as the Lake Baringo in Kenya , Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania, the Dead sea, Reelfoot lake in Tennessee near the Mississippi River were formed as result of the earthquake. Most lakes in the world, however, are formed by Glaciers and by washing depressions and leaving remains that block water drainage and hence forming a large mass of water. Such lakes as the Great lakes, Great bear and Great Slaves lakes in Canada are formed through glacial origin (Lik