ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pfizer is a global pharmaceutical corporation that specializes in the creation, testing, and distribution of medical drugs and equipment. In recent years, the company has introduced AI to aid in the most critical processes, particularly in helping the development of new medicines. AI in the pharmaceutical industry is more complex, requiring deep learning and pattern identification based on big data (Get Science, 2017). Pfizer is a data-driven organization, and it has data science tools that are transferable as well as can be imported from academic and practice settings, also known as using real-world evidence (RWE) (data from EHR, insurance records) to find expanded use for medicines. AI is also used at Pfizer to digitize clinical trials, adding automation and predictive analytics as well as expanding access to clinical trials by more accurate identification of optimal diversity and location of clinical study sites (Pfizer, n.d.). Some of the challenges to using the technology are based on the constraints of modern AI, which ultimately relies on competent design and effective algorithms. As the data set and proposed actions grow more complex, there is more room for error. Ultimately, modern AI cannot solve problems or generate new ideas (Greenwald, 2018). From a CRM perspective of human understanding and sales, that means the Pfizer AI continues to be just a supplemental tool for humans, providing recommendations but not being able to resolve complex issues. It can provide recommendations and work within the algorithms to guide b2b relations that Pfizer relies upon to sell its products. Another challenge and also an issue of ethical and legal nature is the privacy of information. As a drug and medical device manufacturer, Pfizer may have access to private patient data, particularly from trials it conducts and information that is shared by healthcare providers. Healthcare information is highly sensitive and has to be secure at all times, but at the same time, an AI needs large data sets to effectively learn and fulfill its functions which creates a dilemma because it is unclear to what extent will the AI utilize or reveal the private information. Privacy and data security are hot-button issues regarding AI, and there is no clear consensus on the ownership or security of this data (“Robotics and artificial intelligence,” 2021). Although some regulations exist for commercial applications of data, AI is such a new development and tool, that it is unclear how to ultimately provide oversight.
Introduction The object of the study is the article “Free Exchange: Road Hogs” published in The Economist . 1 The key thesis of this work is the fact that the role of the government in the market selling cars with autonomous vehicle systems is insignificant, and the monopolization of private corporations is a predominant ownership form. Such an assessment may be reasonable; however, based on the text of the article, some controversial points arise. In particular, the involvement of innovative vehicles in the industry and public transport systems inevitably leads to interaction with the authorities. Also, a potential danger associated with inadequately tested autonomous driving systems entails monitoring by state agencies. Therefore, the role of the government in expanding the base of cars with autopilot and increasing their sales is more significant than stated in the work in question. Government Involvement in Introducing of Autonomous Vehicles The assessment of the objectivity of the arguments presented in this article is largely based on the rationales that the author suggests, and some of them are ambiguous, despite the relevance of the topic considered. 2 In particular, work does not disclose the flexibility of the system of payment for using specif
Introduction The Netherlands and New Zealand have scored highly in the transparency international rating. These high levels of integrity that the two countries have acquired can be reflected in various sectors of the economy. The living standard of the people and the general perception of the public as far as integrity issues are concerned also talk’s volume in support of the high index score. On the other hand, Kenya an East African country, and Cambodia have been ranked among the most corrupt countries in the world. The same effect is trickled down to the lifestyle that the people of the two countries have. According to the 2009 corruption index (C.P.I. 2009) out of the possible mark of ten, New Zealand topped the 160 listed countries with a score of 9.4, Netherlands was 6th with a score of 8.9, Kenya was 146th with a score of 2.2 and Cambodia was 158th with a score of 2.0. The difference in the levels of corruption in these countries is a result of different parameters and at the same time, the effects are diverse. The economic, social, political, and physical environments have been affected in different ways. This paper takes a comparison of the four countries; it will evaluate the effect that corruption/integrity has on the four countries; it will look into the trends of corruption and
Organizational Culture and behavior Culture and behavior of an organization tend to have a similar meaning and are very important in determining the way the operations of an organization are carried out. The concept is essentially concerned with the way employees of an organization think, hence become so crucial in understanding how their performance can be increased, make it cost effective, and ensure that their services are well utilized in the organization. For one to comprehend the meaning of the above statement, one should first of all have an understanding of what the term culture entail (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2005). This term implies the customs and beliefs that are followed by a certain group of people who live together. For instance, every ethnic group has specific values that it upholds and maintains from generation to generation and must be respected. So, when it comes to an organization the same meaning applies whereby there are specific stipulations and codes of conduct that each and every staff is bound to respect without any compromise. This implies that each and every employee is supposed to behave within these stipulations. Organizational cultures can further be categorized by use of a pyramid whereby the lowest part illustrates the artifacts and behaviors which are most concrete of all cultures hence describe more about an organization. The other category comprises of the values which are responsible for controlling suppositions and conduct of the personnel. The last and top most section shows the hypothesis and principles which form the most essential part of this pyramid and are very abstract. They are the hardest aspects to inculcate into the employees mind, but once they are assimilated they influence greatly how the staff follows the other ele
Some of the common professionals in healthcare sector include nurses, physicians and nurse practitioners. All of them play integral roles within their diverse disciplines. For instance, a nurse plays the role of a caregiver who attends to patients in a caring and passionate manner. A nurse also facilitates smooth flow of communication between healthcare recipients and a medical doctor. In most cases, nurses teach patients on matters related to healthy lifestyles through client advocating and counseling sessions. The best mode for rewarding nurses lies in the provision of a well equipped nursing environment as well as decent pay. The first medical officer to be consulted by healthcare recipients is usually a primary healthcare physician. The latter is best suited in issues related to managerial care and cost requirement of medical supplies in a healthcare unit. He/she is also quite familiar with a healthcare environment sue to accessibility and ease of delivery of communication. Better remuneration is a much needed base for rewarding physicians. A nurse practitioner has an extended scope of clinical duties in various areas of practice. The latter has to be licensed by an accredited nursing body. A nurse practitioner assesses healthcare recipients who may be either in-patients or out-patients. This kind of assessment entails diagnosis and general treatment of patients. Besides, a nurse practitioner also undertakes data synthesis and analysis of patients as part and parcel of assessment. In terms of social identity, research studies have unanimously established that individuals have a certain tendency of seeking a sense of belonging in certain groups. Hence, group identity can be used by all the above disciplines to inject change more effectively. Finally, the best way I can lead, organize and influence a healthcare team is by sticking to the vision of the team, enhancing personal integrity as well as being solution-oriented and proactive.
Introduction Since the industrial revolution, a lot of advancements have been experienced in the field of technology. However, since the 1970s, rapid advancement in information technology has increased the productivity of many firms from all around the world (Pfeffer 21). Consequently, the availability of cash, the viability of the market, improvement in the production technology, and the fact that firms can enter and exit a market freely has greatly increased the number of players within a given industry. As a result, therefore, the level of competition has greatly increased. To stand at a competitive edge, firms in the modern world usually strive to retain their customers and to increase their market share. From research, it has been identified that delivery of service quality plays a critical role in retaining customers who are loyal, as well as the ones who have been satisfied (Pfeffer 34). Since they interact with customers directly or indirectly, frontline employees play a critical role in determining the quality of service a firm offers to its customers. Despite this realization, there are several factors that deter these employees from achieving the level of effectiveness and efficiency that is expected from them. Low pay, long working hours, poor working conditions, stress and customer aggression reduce their level of motivation, impacting negatively on their performance. It is thus difficult for managers to retain employees who are highly skilled under such conditions (Pfeffer 40). To reduce employee turnover rates, managers have turned to the concept of job embeddedness (Pfeffer 40). According to Pfeffer (1994), job embeddedness represents the concepts and techniques that can be applied to prevent employees from leaving their jobs. Training, empowerment, and rewards are some of the concepts and techniques that are used to guarantee job embeddedness. Pfeffer (1994) regards these concepts as one of the most effective human resource practices. If these concepts and techniques are applied in an effective and efficient manner, they will result in High-performance work practices (HPWPs). The application of these concepts and techniques will increase the knowledge, skills and expertise of employees. Consequently, the presence of a conducive working environment will give the employees the chance to put into practice the skills and knowledge that they have acquired. This will greatly increase the productivity of the employees hence increasing their motivation and the ease at which they will attain the firms as well as their personal goals and objectives. As a result, firms will not only retain their key employees, but they will also increase their service delivery quality hence retaining loyal and satisfied customer. This will guarantee their profitability and sustainability in the short run and in the long run.
The research paper is about an investigation of the relationship between reading and signing skills in deaf children. The study was held in the Netherlands, where 87 children had participated in the experimental research. Out of 87 participants, 50 of them were male children while 37 were female, and they all were drawn from five different individual schools in the Netherlands and had similar characteristics in terms of hearing problems. The research question, however, concerns not the definition of the relation between the reading and the signing skills of deaf children, but the locus of these relationships. Indeed, when considering the article closer, one will find out that there is no need to prove the existence of the link between the skills above since it has already been proven in previous studies. The research question posed by the authors of the study has much to do with my research. The given paper also addresses the issue of teaching to young students, particularly to disabled ones, or the ones with specific deficiencies, either mental or physical ones. Moreover, the article under discussion renders the problem of the choice of a particular teaching strategy. There is no secret that teaching to younger students presupposes dealing with several issues, especially the means to link the theories learned during classes with their practical application. While in the given case, the link between theory and practice is direct, helping children render the acquired information in the form of signs into specific messages turns into a challenge for a teacher due to the difference between traditional methods, including aural exercises, and the required one, in which there are no aural activities. Result and findings reveal that on the relationship between sign vocabulary reading vocabulary shows insignificant correlations of 0.42, and at the same time that of STM span for words gives a correlation value of 0.46. This result indicates that there is no relationship between sign vocabulary and reading and STM span of words does not influence reading vocabulary. On the relationship between story comprehensiveness in SLN and written Dutch, there is a strong correlation with a significant level of 0.58 and 0.75, respectively (Hermans, Knoors, Ormel & Verhoeven, 2008). This result is consistent with the model assumptions by the department of bilingual education programs. The so-called “locus” mentioned above is, however, yet to be found; according to the hypothesis provided by the authors of the research, the locus exists on a lexical level. To define the locus in their qualitative study, the authors use such a method as an experiment. Fifty boys and 37 girls were chosen for participating in the study. In the course of the study, the link between sign language skills and short-term memory capacity was defined. The data was analyzed with the help of the RAVE
Every period of time is, of course, considered with the current historical cut full of global changes and peculiarities which fell into artistic manifestations in every type of art. In this respect, literature can be proud of the Romanticism and Victorian literature, because of their gradual framework and applicable emergence due to the significant events, such as the French Revolution, American Revolution, the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo and the period of the longest reign in Great Britain outlined with Queen Victoria. Romanticism is the period when poets and writers were intended to find out the ways of better living involving the ideas of love, freedom, passion, natural unity and natural man. Romantic poets were idealists and their likely themes were about youth and innocence and the process of growing up. Furthermore, they wanted to depict a man compared with nature. These touches were accompanied with the lyrical poetry and courageous attitudes toward peoples’ state of freedom and prosperity by George Gordon Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sir Walter Scott and others. This period in the literature is emphasized with more intensive and patterned language. “Romantic poet writes an “ode,” he refers to a state of mind, not so much to an ancient poetic “genre” (Drake para. 15). It was allegedly waiting for something new and progressive, because, for example in England the defeat in the thirteenth colony, America. Nonetheless, a desire to feel happy in a beautiful state of innocence in a man’s life was greatly described in the poem by William Blake The Ecchoing Green. In this work the poet provides his mastership in making the vivid scenes of youth’s beautiful life compared with oncoming changes in the civilized world: Such such were the joys, When we were all girls & boys, In our youth time were seen, On the Ecchoing Green (Abrams and Greenblatt 25). The Romantic era was disturbed by the resonance event of the French Revolution and the impact of industrial progress. The flow of artistic thought was shaped at the beginning of the reign of Queen Victoria. This time is outlined as the period of relevant stability and prosperity. However, it was not so in all spheres of British influence in the world arena. There were also cases of poverty and even famine in Ireland (Drake para. 7). Nonetheless, the period of Romanticism was not so splendid and fascinating, if there were not such poets as Coleridge, Blake, Shelley, Arnold, etc. The motives of love and passion accompanied with tints of a prolific tendency for the renovation of mind and heart are felt in Romantic poetry. In fact, Coleridge shared such ideas with his contemporaries and Wordsworth, in particular. The poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge Christabel encompassed the poet’s passions which he had toward some significant women in his life: She stole along, she nothing spoke, The sighs she heaved were soft
Any researcher should now be able to use various methods to evaluate the text in question sensibly. Several steps help determine the value of the source in question. In this paper, two articles on the current popular topic of the COVID-19 virus are evaluated. The first article to consider is Bai, Yan, et al. “Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19.” This article explores the distribution of the virus and raises the question of whether the infection can spread by people without symptoms (Bai, Yan, et al.). The second subject of research is a blog post on the same topic. In the text of this blog, Rettner writes about the asymptomatic spread of the virus, citing various citations and statistics as arguments. The evaluation of articles begins, first of all, with an assessment of their relevance concerning the selected topic. Both sources are suitable for studying since they talk about the epidemic of coronavirus and the mechanisms of its spread. However, the next criteria are the place of publication, and here the blog entry on Live Science is undoubtedly inferior to the article in the specialized Journal of the American Medical Association. It can also be noted that the blog entry is somewhat more recent, albeit slightly, for only a few weeks. A specialized article has a list of references, thanks to which it is possible to verify the relevance of the study (Bai, Yan, et al.). At the same time, the blog entry refers to each quote with hyperlinks, which also allows finding the sources of words. The article and the blog are texts that are different from each other in context. While the report by Bai, Yan, et al. is scholarly work done by specialists, a Rettner blog post is more aimed at a broad audience, giving an overview. Because of this, the blog entry is deprived of the structure familiar to academic articles. However, this entry is still useful because it provides links to all the materials and quotes used on the blog, has a definite structure and clear text. Thus, the choice of the source depends, first of all, on the direction of the study, whether it is a survey or an in-depth academic study. In the second case, naturally, a professional medical article from Bai, Yan, et al. is a much more preferable option due to the full adherence to the academic canons. Works Cited Bai, Yan, et al. “ Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. ” Jama , 2020. Web. Rettner, Rachael. “ COVID-19 spread is fueled by ‘stealth transmission’. ” Live Science . 2020. Web.
The Issues and Outcomes Associated with Individual Learning throughout the Semester Individual learning involves an independent assessment of outcomes and skills in the course of reading and discussing the learning materials. Within the context of studying a research process, specific attention should be placed on the data collection techniques for a literature review. In particular, I have faced a serious challenge while developing objectives and topics of a literature review because it should involve consideration of multiple facets of one problem 1 . Moreover, writing a literature review is an ongoing process when it comes to individual learning because it includes a sequence of steps. To begin with, a literature review should start with an evaluation of the available books, journals, and websites that can contribute to the development of the research topic. Second, my task should involve making notes that are relevant to the topic. As soon as the list of the notes is completed, it is necessary to sort them out following different aspects they touch on the topic. There are different methods of note-taking. Some of them are done following the books and articles read whereas others are written following the thematic nodes. The literature review serves as part of the research process. As soon as the literature review is conducted and the objective is identified with the topic and the research questions, a researcher can start compiling the research. While accomplishing these stages, I have realized that the research is connected to the sequence of activities that should be carried out consistently. Otherwise, the research can hardly be called reliable 2 . Before data is incorporated into a research process, it is highly important to choose the research methods 3 . Indeed, the research design serves as a theoretical framework that allows identifying the importance of empirical findings. At the preliminary stages of conducting r
First of all, nativism differs from racism in its political orientation, while the latter is a combination of social, historical, and even biological factors. Nativism focuses on supporting the native inhabitants of a particular nation, thereby promoting anti-immigration policies. The primary root motive for facilitating such a trend is the desire to shield the indigenous nation’s inhabitants from other ethnic or cultural groups. Due to too many cultural differences, immigrants allegedly will not safely assimilate and adapt to society without harming the people already living there. Nativism is a significant factor in the United States’ history, appearing even in the early stages of the Republic’s formation in the early 19th century. Many famous political figures and even political parties at certain stages of their careers showed traits of nativism. For example, Benjamin Franklin was aggressive towards visiting Germans in Pennsylvania, and Alexander Hamilton was actively promoting the Alien and Sedition Acts. Ultimately, 19th-century nativism was characterized by anti-German and anti-Chinese movements, which occasionally even led to bloody clashes. In the 20th century, with the help of particular laws, immigration was artificially limited by an entry quota. The reason for this was the fear of an influx of low-skilled workers from Central America and Eastern Europe. Despite this, there was no active growth in this movement until the end of the 20th century. However, in the 70s, the movement was renewed, mainly against immigrants from Mexico. Part of the reason for this was the influx of illegal immigrants; however, the promotion of nativist ideas by the current President Donald Trump played an additional role in developing the area. Thus, nativism of the 19th century and modernity is distinguished, first of all, by the orientation towards groups of immigrants, as well as by cruelty and bloodthirstiness