ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The functionalism theory is one of socio-structural theories which views society from a systematic approach. It usually entails the study of inter-related components of a society as a whole. The underlying principle behind the functionalism theory is to relate the working of a society as one whole being that depends on several other organs and sub-organs for a complete compatibility and functioning of a single large system. Under this approach, the system is perceived to be the society while the sub-systems include the various elements which make a society such as family set-ups, education systems, economic factors, social settings, political settings, cultural set ups and religious beliefs. Functionalism theory assumes that each sub-system has its own roles or functions which play a significant role in determining the nature of the society. Although the theory of functionalism has been transferred and applied in other ideas, it remains one of the best theories that insightfully recognizes the organization and structure of an ideal society (Harrington 87). The theory has been a major boost towards the reshaping societies that have disproportional sub-systems like education and heath structures. Weeks (56) argues that for a society to exist, there must be inhabitants who make up the population or the demographic pattern of a society. Borrowing from the concepts of the functionalism theory, it is clear that human demography has an impact on the society. There should be a balance of population especially in terms of resources usage. In addition, there must be aspects of social harmony through social norms and ethics. With an emphasis on population demography, Weeks (58) asserts that population demography of a society is determined by three elements mortality, migration and fertility. However, the three elements are never constant due to the ever changing factors and subsystems of a society. Sub-systems of a society such as family, education and even religion are dynamic and so it is of ultimate importance recognize the relationship that exists between the elements of population and the ever changing society sub-systems (Weeks 67). The scientific study of human population Population demography is a sociological concept that is helpful in determining the application of functionalism theory in a society. For instance, by using elements such as mortality rate, immigration and fertility, a society may be able to plan for available resources either in terms of providing social amenities like education, health and employment. It is futile to plan for education if there are no children being born in the society. The same can also be said in the case of employment if the mortality rate is increasing due to lack of proper medical attention to the available human resource (Weeks 103). This methodology of determining the trends of the existing population is of greater significance to government during budget allocations of resources to important functions such as education, health, infrastructure and the general economy. According to Weeks, there must be a relationship betw
Literature Review Researchers admit that there is a correlation between morale and turnover rates in organization influenced by attitudes and values of employees and organizational culture. Current literature can be divided into two broad categories: theoretical literature and case studies. Such researchers as Armstrong (2006) and Becker (2003) pay a special attention to morale and its relation to the employee’s values and job satisfaction. These authors state that morale should be examined from various perspectives and defined in a variety of ways. A leader cannot maintain good human relations by setting up a meeting or planning to dedicate a given amount of time each day to the topic of human morale. These researchers state that low morale and low job satisfaction lead to high turnover rates and absenteeism. Low turnover comes from a multitude of things that may take place in any given organization. Reed (2005) and Schuler (2006) share the same position as previous authors and state that morale has a direct impact on job satisfaction and turnover rates. These researchers underline that positive morale like good organizational climate, grows from what employees say and do. Through the factors that contribute to morale, employees are able to define how they feel about other colleagues and themselves. Reed (2005) states that some leaders suppose that it is not possible to get “too close” to employees because such closeness makes it hard for the leader to control and motivate an employee. Another approach states by some is that leaders can become more effective when working with employees, including handling corrective action, if they know the employees well. Good morale will never lead to high turnover rates especially when the leader is perceived as caring and sympathetic in valuing subordinates. Daly and Dee (2006) examine the correlation between Faculty Turnover Intent in Urban Public Universities and their morale. After analyzing data with second year turnover, they singled out scores for the entire class and offered several conclusions. The researchers state that motivation and morale scores produce the objective and accurate results: if turnover declines significantly; MPA scores would increase considerably; and GPA scores would increase considerably. “Results indicated that faculty perceptions of the work environment had significant direct effects on morale, and morale, in turn, affected faculty intent to leave” (Daly and Dee p. 776). Hale-Jinks et al (2006) examine the impact on low motivation and poor morale on turnover rates in childcare. It was found that positive morale is achieved when good communications, diplomacy, conflict resolutions skills take place in the organization. In addition, such factors as humor and caring support provided to all staff members and team groups. High morale allows a leader to work effectively with subordinates and thus becomes a supporter for capitalizing on the human potential in any childcare setting. Mccaughey and Bruning (2005) examine the role of job satisfaction on turnover rates among foreign workers. Data and arguments prese
Introduction Alcohol abuse is one of the problems that are increasingly affecting modern-day society. The prevalence of this problem can to a large extent be blamed on the popularization of alcohol by the mass media. This factor has resulted in the prevalence of drinking reaching levels that may be considered risky. As a result, there has emerged a class of people who are unable to control their drinking habits, therefore, becoming alcoholics. Alcoholism has a negative effect on both the individual and the people he/she relates with. It is, therefore, necessary to come up with means to assist the individual who is suffering from alcoholism. Many organizations have come up to assist with this most notably of which is the Alcoholic Anonymous society. The sobriety program of Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) aims at bringing about an “instance of self-transforming discourse and practice” (Yeung, 2007). By fully working the program, the individual is able to lead a stable life with total abstinence from alcohol. This paper shall set out to critically discuss the major features of the AA. The paper shall start by giving a concise but informative description of the Alcoholic Anonymous program. In addition to this, the merits and demerits of AA in the fight against alcohol abuse shall be articulated so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of AA in helping Alcoholics recover. Alcoholics Anonymous and its major features According to the Alcoholics Anonymous Australian website, AA is “a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism” (AA Australia, 2010). AA traces its birth to 1935 and was a result of the meeting of Dr. Robert Holbroom and a New York businessman, William Wilson (Bill). Bill was a recovering alcoholic who had managed to stay sober for a year but feared a relapse of the same. To assist reduce the risk of relapse, Bill was put into contact with Dr. Bob, therefore, beginning the joint effort at curbing drinking which would soon spread out as the well-established Alcoholics Anonymous. AA was begun as a tool for mutual support for recovering alcoholics. AA has no affiliation with any religion, political or social and is self-funding through the contribution
Culturally relevant pedagogy can offer solutions to the problems that a teacher faces when working with multicultural students. There are several important characteristics and principles of “a multicultural teacher’s” work (Wardle, 2013, p. 365). Hence, the analysis and application of the culturally relevant standards can result in the creation of effective teaching instructions. Video Analysis A cellphone video with Jeff Bliss demonstrates how a student got into an argument with his teacher at Duncanville High School. From Jeff’s perspective, his teacher should “take this job seriously” and “do it better” (Bliss, 2013). Jeff criticizes the methods and the attitude of the teacher. Similarly, his teacher (Ms. Phung) curses Jeff’s attitude and behavior. She asks him to “get out” and stop “wasting my time” (Bliss, 2013). Thus, from her perspective, Jeff is disturbing her and the class during the test. Although Jeff’s attitude was emotional and he used some uncontrolled vocabulary, he made his point clearly and logically. It was not just a wrangle, it was a speech as Jeff was “making the observation” (Bliss, 2013). However, the teacher did not want to participate in the discussion. Moreover, she disrespected and disregarded her students. According to Wardle (2013), the relationship between students and teachers should include “caring, interaction, and classroom climate” (p. 370). Moreover, “the nature, relationships, authenticity, and respect between teachers and their students” play a crucial role in “promoting student learning and achievement” (Wardle, 2013, p. 370). After showing her attitude, absence of care and desire to interact, the teacher lost the respect of the class. To avoid misunderstandings and conflicts, Ms. Phung should have created an equitable, culturally relevant environment in her classroom. Teachers should be “cultural bridges builders” and “cultural translators” for students (TeachingTolerance, 2010). Ms. Phung could have utilized equity strategies to meet her students’ needs Equity Strategies Commenting instructions and classroom environment, Jeff Bliss said, “If you would just get up and teach us instead of handing ’em a packet, yo. There are kids in here that don’t learn like that. … They need to learn face-to-face” (Bliss, 2013). According to Ladson-Billings (1995), culturally relevant teachers should “get students to “choose” academic excellence” (p. 160). However, Ms. Phung used ineffective but common method when “teachers demanded, reinforced, and produced academic excellence in their students” (Ladson-Billings, 1995, p. 160). Furthermore, to create an equitable classroom environment, teachers should not sit in a corner, fenced by bookshelves or tables, not facing the students. That was one of Jeff’s recommendation as well Moreover, students in the class could be grouped differently. Jeff was sitting at the back of the class, so neither student nor teacher could recognize him. Stepping forward, Jeff made himself heard, at l
Introduction Many societies have over the years developed different ways of ensuring the peaceful coexistence of their members and ways to cope with day-to-day challenges. However, adult life issues at personal level have proved quite challenging for many people. “The variations in coping mechanisms among different people depend on where and how” an individual was brought up. (Cohen, 56)One’s family origin has a direct influence on his/her adulthood. I was born a Briton but I have never had the British experience, my whole life has been spent in Guelph Ontario where I have been engaged in various activities. I have worked for 30 years in Guelph Ontario and I have gained a lot of experience in life. I have been married for 25 years and I have two sons. In this paper, I am going to show how I; dealt, deal or would deal with five adult issues namely: Health habits and personal factors in mental health problems; Social role theory, mate Selection and divorce; Work Satisfaction, job performance and career transitions; Caring for Aging Parents; Creativity midlife Crisis and role transition. Health habits and personal factors in mental health problems I grew up with four sisters and one brother, my mother emphasized the importance of healthy living to us. We learned good health habits which included; healthy eating, high standards of hygiene and exercising. Throughout my life I have kept the teachings I received when I was still a young boy. “Good eating is central to proper physical and mental health of an individual.” (Cohen, 419) First, my eating plan consists of; a healthy breakfast composed mainly of cereals and vitamins. This keeps me physically and mentally healthy and provides me with the strength needed to work. My lunch and supper include sufficient amount of protein, either beef or fish in addition to cereals and vitamins. I have been able to maintain a lean body and at the same time have sufficient energy to conduct my daily activities. Secondly, I indulge in evening workouts, which may include jogging and running. Thirdly, I take regular medical checkups to ascertain the health status of my body. For mental health, I prefer to talk about various issues rather than keep them to myself and I have learned that a problem shared is a problem solved. This has helped me to avoid stressful conditions associated with adult life. Personal factors have a profound impact on mental health; people who keep to themselves have a higher chance of developing mental health problems. Though stressful conditions are experienced by everyone in life, it is important to have a proper approach in order to reduce the effects. In my case, I have learned to talk rather than confront people or keep issues to myself. I have also learned to develop a worm relationship with others, thus greatly reducing chances of stress accruing from interpersonal con
The play “Little Shop of Horror” written by Howard Ashman and composed by Kelsey Maga is a story about a flouriest shop employee who raises a terrible plant consuming human blood and body parts. The genre of this play is a comedy horror musical. On March 1st, 2014, it was shown in the Presentation Theatre. The show was directed by Kelsey Maga, choreographed by Charlotte Baldiviez, and musically produced by Ben Prince. In the following paper, the most remarkable characteristics of this musical and its impact on the audience will be addressed in detail. Generally, the strongest features of “Little Shop of Horror” are talented actor play, excellent music, skilled technical production, and great humor. First, the theme of the play under consideration is rather an ambiguous matter. It combines romantic implications and gothic fiction elements. The major line seems to be the romantic affair of the main protagonist, Seymour Krelborn. From the very first days at work, he fells in love with his pretty colleague, Audrey Fulquard. This love induced him to act cruelly towards other people. Thus, it can be said that insatiable love demanding sacrifices is the main theme of the play. With regards to the message of this performance, it is the craftiness of love. Love is dangerous since it is ready to ravenously devour its victims like the main protagonist’s plant. Second, the atmosphere produced at the stage can be evaluated as contributing to the perception of the play. The scenery fully revealed the mystique atmosphere of a floristic shop where very strange things happened. The lighting of the dominating red, dark and gloomy colors added more tension to the development of the plot. The artful sound effects well emphasized the main accents of the story. Third, the play featured excellent technical characteristics. Particularly, the setting looked realistic. The viewers could feel their presence in the flouriest shop, where something horrific existed. Similar characteristics can be given to the scenic design because it perfectly revealed the atmosphere of the play. The sound was of high quality and proper fulfillment, which undoubtedly added to the ease of reception. Forth, the acting was excellent. Actors and actresses demonstrated great skills. They were emotional and convincing. Such artful acting created a realistic atmosphere and offered a really thrilling experience. Also, all actors worked together to create an experience of a single story. Their movements and voices affected believability by adding more thrilling implications. In addition, none of the actors seemed to underplay or overplay their parts. Finally, speaking
Psychology is a developed field of study which can be applied in broad fields which include educational, clinical, sports, business, and health areas. Psychologists, just like other professionals, undergo intensive education and training before they are allowed to practice (Nancy, 2007). Professional psychologists are equipped with scientific foundations that prepare them to offer high quality services and use their practical skills effectively. The skills include, but not limited to, psychological examination, clinical supervision, consultation, as well as psychotherapy. Owing to the broadness of this field, there are a number of legal aspects which should be considered in the practice of professional psychology. The code of ethics clearly provide for the general principles expected in the practice of virtually all professional fields such as medicine, law, and dentistry. The essay elaborates the legal issues related to knowledgeable approval and refusal of medical care as well as evaluating the legal issues associated evaluation and diagnosis in the field of professional psychology. It also offers the explanation of the need to enhance confidentiality in the therapeutic relationship between the patient and the psychologist. Moreover, the essay offers an evaluation of the impact of government legislation and the role of competence in professional psychology. Legal issues The legal aspects in the field of professional psychology apply to all instances where psychological ethics are to be exercised. Professional psychologists are expected to understand the legal issues and concerns that may be raised especially by their clients. Apart from the practical concerns, the legal aspects of psychology cover broad areas such as understanding the role of government laws and the regulations associated with human behavior as well as the various mental processes (Nancy, 2007). The practice of professional psychology should not violate any of the legal provisions stipulated in the professional code of conduct and ethics. The codes of ethics are generally uniform in all the states although licensing may be done by individual states. The handling of clients by psychologists is one of the most sensitive areas which should abide by the legal requirements. Professional psychologists are expected to ensure that they get informed consent from their clients. This implies that the client has to agree with terms and conditions of medical treatment or any assessment/testing (Nancy, 2007). Such consent must be well informed, competent and voluntary in nature. In case the client is not in a position to give consent, then a recognized health attorney or next of kin may be allowed to stand in for the patient. The docto
A significant proportion of the globe’s populace experience various complications like “congestive heart failure” (CHF), asthma, diabetes, hypertension, and other prolonged diseases[1]. As a means of monitoring a chronic cardiovascular patient, a home monitoring device known as “Parameter Monitoring Device” (PMD) is used[2]. It entails parameters that show the oxygen infiltration, the pressure of blood, heart capacity, and ECG signals. It has an instinctive alarm to sense serious conditions and report to the Remote Care Centre. The monitoring system has a linkage with a “Parameters Monitoring Device” (PMD), which is linked to a “Coordinator Device” (CD). The CD links the PMD system to the computer system in the Remote Care Centre for alerts during emergencies [3]. PMD achieves the following tasks; first, it collects the general information on the patient about the heart rate, the pressure of blood, SCG signals, and blood oxygen. It then transmits the composed patient information to the coordinator, which reacts to the received information accordingly[4]. If the total information that the coordinator generates is outside the required measures for the patient, the alarm signals the Remote Care Centre. PMD is capable of monitoring additional patients dwelling in a similar location and recording both observations the send the alarm to the “Remote Care Centre”. Attributable to the different complications that PMD handles such as collecting patient information, getting the signals, processing the information, and directing the information to the Remote Care Centre, it has two microcontrollers that enhance efficiency in performances. The “Master-Slave Association” through serial interface links these microcontrollers[5]. During the monitoring process, the subordinate microcontroller receives directions from the master microcontroller and responds to them. The master microcontroller directs the slave microcontroller to send information concerning the HR feedback to the master. It also instructs the slave microcontroller on when to send responses received from blood oxygen and when the slave should close both the HR and blood oxygen section[6]. After communicating with the slave microcontroller, it also monitors the communications that occur to the Coordinator. PMD houses software that contains two sub-architectures and each of this sub-architecture are connected to the slave and master microcontroll