ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Humanism was popular in Europe from 1300-1600, often called the renaissance. During this time, some female writers began to be heard, but their voices were often as shouts in the wilderness, partly because humanism was not mainstream, but mostly because of their gender. It is very difficult to research this topic because there has not been that much interest until very recently. Searches in several databases bring up little information, and most of it was written by men. However, there were some writers then who did have an impact. The word humanism means stressing the importance of human beings. The humanist movement began in Italy and gave shape to the Renaissance, the new age of interest in the arts, education, and the classics of ancient Greece and Rome. It stressed the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric (the art of persuasive argument), poetry, history, and moral philosophy, and these were studied in order to make the Christian well-rounded and virtuous. Petrarch, the Italian poet, is credited with the development of humanism as he tried to relate scripture to the human condition and understand it in terms of the spirituality of humans, especially depending upon the ancient works in Greek and Latin. It eventually evolved to include the well-rounded scholar. There were a great number of female scholars at the time since women of means had little else to do than study or perfect their arts. However, breaking into a public publication or being recognized at that time for great literary work was still quite questionable. Most female writers of the time wrote verse or poetry. Some wrote on lighter subjects, such as children’s literature and subjects of interest largely to females. Smarr’s book covers the writers of dialogue, which was a new way to break into print, “The argument of Smarr’s book – that the dialogue provided Renaissance women with a variety of means and strategies for entering into public speech – seems, in retrospect, almost inevitable. If the burgeoning number of dialogues produced in the period (as Thomas Greene argued many years ago of Castiglione’s Cortegiano) attests to the open-ended character of Renaissance culture in contrast to the relative closure of the medieval, certainly the genre might be expected to appeal to women hoping to stage their own interventions in the monologic masculine discourses surrounding them” (Phillippy). In fact, in order to find humanist women writers of the renaissance, one has to do very complicated literature searches using a whole set of criteria with which to sift through and sort out: women writers of the middle ages who wrote from a humanist point of view. Considering that women writers are still in the minority in this enlightened age, how very much fewer they were in the new age of art and science, which was ma
After completing the module, I am in a better position to explain the price determination of various products in the market. Unlike previously when I had vague ideas about market principles and processes, I am now able to express myself well and articulately using terms that best explain market processes. For example, I have understood how market equilibrium price and quantity are determined and what forces determine the prices at which different commodities in the market sell. Furthermore, the module has enabled me to explain to a layperson what surplus and shortage are in economics, long-run and short-run periods in production, and decision-making within these periods. The skills that I have acquired would enable me to understand other production terminologies, including marginal change and how it affects changes in the prices of various goods and services. Besides, the principles that affect other areas of the economy such as labor and production in industries were well covered in the module, hence giving me the confidence of tackling production issues should I be given a chance to work in the companies in the future. The course helps prepare learners to grasp important concepts useful that are applicable in many industries. In the class, my performance was above average, showing how well I understood these concepts. However, I found that the use of more diagrams and practical examples always works for me improving my retention capacity of taught concepts. As Mankiw (2011) explained, models and equations make the concepts taught to settle better in the mind by relating with the real-world issues that are related to the world. A good example where practical examples were used to explain the concepts was in implicit and explicit costs, types of inputs, and the relationship between the marginal and average total cost of production. I have found out that I can use similar examples given in class to explain concepts that are examined and to assure the tutor of my level of understanding of the topic. Some topics required additional effort for them to be understood well. This is usual to every learner and I am not an exception. At first, I did not understand the marginal cost and diminishing returns. I did not understand why outputs would increase steadily and reduce after some time, making the graph level off. What determined this point and how do firms know when it is reached? How should managers react to this? These are some of the questions that required me to do additional research from the internet before I understood the topic quite well. Later, I understood that the law defines the relationship between fixed and variable assets in which additional variable inputs added to fixed inputs for production will increase and reduce at a certain level (Tucker
Executive Summary The use of a Taser during an arrest has been very necessary, especially in cases where the suspect attempts to flee or physically attack the arresting officer. It is a good substitution for the use of gunfire. However, cases have been reported of the misuse of Tasers among law enforcement officers. Several complaints of excessive use of force have been aired in cases where officers discharge Tasers where the circumstances do not warrant the move. The use of Tasers has also resulted in deaths, especially in cases where the victim is epileptic or suffers from heart problems. The use of a Taser involves very high voltages of electric shock. Hence, it can be lethal or cause permanent health problems to vulnerable populations. Since the use of Tasers is unavoidable, there is the need to ensure the most efficient use of Tasers while minimizing the risks of health complications or death. It is also important for the State of Florida to ensure that the officers use Tasers appropriately. They should only discharge them in situations where softer means have failed. It is also important for victims to be informed about the implications of resisting an officer. The most efficient method of ensuring that Tasers are used efficiently is by creating policies that act as an efficient guideline on the proper use, risks, and exceptions to the use of Tasers. This paper analyzes the permissibility of the use of Tasers on youths by Florida’s school resource officers. Introduction Situations that pose a threat to people can occur in any place. For insecure institutions such as schools, it is important to maintain the safety of students. Safety in schools may call for the security officers to detain or apprehend individuals. Using a Taser to detain such individuals when they are resistant may be necessary. On the other hand, the misuse of a Taser by an officer involves the violation of an individual’s right. Therefore, policies should be put in place to ensure that Tasers are only used when it is extremely necessary. Several considerations should also be taken to minimize the chances of causing death or health complications. The officer should also be qualified to use a Taser by being given proper training. The officer should also be keen on which part of the body he or she aims the Taser at to prevent damaging sensitive body organs. Review of Research Policies According to Worrall (2014), a Taser is a form of an electronic control device
Family Genogram. Kylies Eco map. Main issues in the family of Kylie The family described in this case seems to be having a cycle of problems that keep on mutating from generation to generation. First of all the description indicates that the family has a problem of alcohol.. Margaret who was the mother to Kylie was addicted to alcohol. This problem prevented her from taking good care of her children. This made the children lack maternal care and exposed them to various dangers including sexual abuse from the foster parents. The problem of alcohol seems to have been transmitted from mother to daughter. The persistent drinking by Kylie is a matter of great concern to the family. Steven who was the brother to Kylie has been described to have perished in an alcohol related accident. This is a clear indicator that alcohol intake by the family is costing the members and it is an issue that needs to be looked into. The fact that Kylie and her sister Sienna were sexually abused by George a person who was supposed to take good care of the girls is also an issue. As it has already been established, sexual abuse can lead to a lasting trauma that can affect women for a very long time. It is of concern to understand if Kylie and her sister are suffering from trauma related to sexual abuse that was perpetrated by her foster parent. This issue needs to be looked into to understand whether it is the cause of her alcoholic condition or there are some other causes. The fact that Rhiannon is a child who has been diagnosed of autism is also an issue in this case. This is of concern especially considering the fact that the mother to the child is an individual who has been under alcohol influence for a long time. The alcohol situation can be said to be affecting the entire family bearing in mind that Kylie and her brother are working at a place where there is easy access to alcohol. As much as interventions can be focused on improving her life, this accessibility to alcohol remains a major obstacle. The fact that the mother to that autism child has problems associated with alcohol means that she lacks the capacity to adequately cater for the needs of the child
November 25, 2020 – Winter is Coming Winter is coming, and I am only halfway to Oregon’s mountains. The autumn leaves are piling up on the roads; deer and rabbits are becoming scarcer to find. If this keeps up, I may need to consult my map to look for an abandoned 7-Eleven along the road that I can raid. They usually have a lot of canned goods and bottled water that last for quite a while that I can get my hands on. November 30, 2020 – The Highway Riding my bicycle down the motorway is always a risk, there are stalled cars here and there with closed windows and zombies trying to get out by feebly trying to break the glass. Thankfully, the sealed cars are the perfect environment for decay to set in. Their muscles have long since wasted away to nothing which makes their attempts to break out useless. Still, it is much safer than trying to go through the woods surrounding the highway. People often think that going through the woods is safer since they do not have to deal with the zombies in the cars, I say that dealing with trapped zombies is much safer. In a forest, it is hard to see if the zombies are massing to surround you because of the trees (Schmeink 67). At least with the highway, you have a clear line of sight and can spot groups of zombies from far away enough that you can temporarily go around them. December 6, 2020 – The Travellers Remember what I said earlier about sticking to the highways as much as possible? Unfortunately, a group of people I encountered did not agree with this clever bit of knowledge. I met them near a broken-down gas station they were exploring for some spare gas that could have been left behind. Admittedly, this was a good idea since gasoline is an excellent way to start a fire. It was a tense first meeting since we did not know each other and it is not that surprising that there are groups of people out there that would and have killed other people just to survive. We stuck together for a few days since there was safety in numbers and I have to admit that I missed being able to talk and inter
Client Diagnosis Major Psychiatric Disorder(s): F45.1 Somatic Symptom Disorder, with predominant pain, severe Rationale The client is a 28-year old female who reports having numerous health issues that deprive her of the possibility to work and communicate easily. These are the major issues, as identified by Catherine: her legs hurt so much that she cannot walk, her backaches frequently, she lumps that she thought to be a sign of cancer, and she has allergies when she goes outside. In the middle of the interview, she coughs slightly and says that she has a terrible cough which she considers to be a sign of pneumonia. The client meets several criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder, as defined by DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013):  1. Criterion A: Catherine has more than one somatic symptoms that are disturbing her daily life (pain in legs and back, a lump, the cough);  2. Criterion B: Catherine has excessive thoughts represented by constant thoughts about her symptoms, she has a high level of anxiety concerning her health, and she devotes excessive energy and time to her health concerns;  3. Criterion C: The state of being symptomatic lasts longer than 6 months (Catherine reports to have had such problems for nearly ten years). The disorder is characterized as “with predominant pain” since the client’s somatic symptoms principally incorporate pain (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 311). It is severe since all three symptoms specified in Criterion B are present in the client, and somatic complaints are multiple. Developmental Disorder(s): No developmental disorders diagnosed Rationale The client’s language and motor skills are fine. She graduated from high school and entered college. Even though she did not finish it, she is trying to receive an education with the help of online courses. Personality Disorder(s): No personality disorders diagnosed Rationale Although she reports having difficulty moving, Catherine says that she sometimes goes out with her friends. Her family and friends are supportive. She does not have a boyfriend, but this is not a sufficient reason to diagnose an antisocial or avoidant personality disorder. Medical Disorder(s): No medical disorders diagnosed Rationale Despite the numerous complaints, the client has no outstanding medical conditions. She pays visits to doctors quite often, but they do not diagnose any illnesses. Client Strengths  1. Clients’ parents are supportive; they take her to doctors when she complains about some health issues;  2. The client has some friends with whom she can socialize;  3. The client does not have any history of substance abuse;  4. The client is not suicidal or homicidal;  5. The client is willing to find out the reason for her problems;  6. The client agrees to make more sessions with the social worker;  7. The client has a high degree of aspiration; she wants to continue her education;  8. Other than somatic symptom disorder, the client does not have any psychiatric illnesses;  9. The client reports having good access to h
Introduction Mexico has covered good grounds in the last three years to warrant it the complement of being one of the most progressing countries. The effect of globalization has brought both positive and negative returns. For example, the country has been ranked among the top seven when in terms of Nestle production. On the same measure; however, Mexico’s population has quite often complained of this negatives agricultural policy. How big is Mexico’s global market is and what product does it globalize? Mexico has diversified its business operations and as a result, centered on both agricultural and engineering sectors. When it comes to agricultural production, it is globally known for potato and sugarcane farming. Taking sugar as an example, the country has become characterized by huge production that is exported to other countries in the world. Mexico has also played a key role in the industrial revolution with major engineering sectors such as electricity and gas production turning into commercial and large-scale production. The country has set itself as a major exporter of goods and services as economic activities and its wings have spread to the African continent, European Union, Asia, and America. Furthermore, it has made a mark as the largest importer and exporter in Latin America. Does Mexico’s global market affect the economy? As noted above, Mexico is highly reputed in export and import trade. The positive effects have been trickled into the country’s economy. It is currently ranked among the top 10 in some sectors. How did it think globally and act locally ? Mexico has integrated factors of production with globalization. Besides, some of the global factors of production that may affect output have been considered, streamlined, and practiced in local conditions. Analysis The phrase, Think Globally, Act locally is attributable to widening thinking capacity. However, the adopted ideas are b
Entity Relationship Diagram for Riyadh Metro Database Preferably, entity-relationship diagrams illustrate the logical organizations of databases (DB). According to Wei and Link (2019), no particular database design structure can be rated more efficient than the other. While other storage structures are purely constructed for performance optimization, others are tailored specifically for the storage of huge data volumes. Essentially, entity relationship diagrams are based on two fundamental concepts, namely, entities and relationships (Silberschatz et al., 2011). An entity refers to the individual tables that constitute a database. Moreover, relationships define the association between the attributes in the tables, or the individual records stored in a DB. While some developers prefer flowcharts in the design of databases, Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) tend to be discrete and easily understood, even by novice audiences. Figure 1 below is a prototype version for Riyadh Metro. It provides a rough overview of all the tables included in the system design, alongside their attributes that define the relationships that exist in the database. The ERD below shows the different types of relationships that occur within the system design. For instance, throughout the design of the automated Riyadh Metro system, the stations’ table has a many-to-many relationship with the schedules table. Similarly, trains have a one-to-one relationship with the available service routes. Additionally, the stations table has a one-to-many relationship with the trains table that has a many-to-many relationship with the different schedules available for travel. This means that a particular station can have many schedules with different trains and trucks available for selection at one particular time. However, the trucks and trains are specific to a single route. Figure 1. Entity Relationship Diagram. Figure 2. Relational Schema Relational Schema for Eliminating Redundancies and Identifying the Keys A relational schema refers to the set of attributes that describe the logical organization of individual tables in a database. In more enhanced DB designs, the relations are structured to include the data types for each table record (Wei & Link, 2019), However, the above-drawn prototype (As shown in figure 2) has been organized to be discrete for easy understanding. The prototype constitutes five tables and is arranged so that when a traveler books a train or a truck for travel, the process is initiated from the station table. Here, the clients select their desired destination, their preferred train or bus alongside their specific routes before submitting their requests for processing. Moreover, all the attributes with foreign keys have referential integrity, ensuring that the values of the primary keys match in both the parent and child tables. In addition, Reverse Integration (RI) safeguards correspondence between database entities, providing that only accurate entries are stored in an automated system. The table designs in the relational schema consist of primary keys to prevent redundant entries in the
Private property is a human concept that is interesting and raises several philosophical questions. Karl Marx presents important points at the way society and those with power view private property and the issues it leads to. The ownership of any property is consicidered to be private. The society and the industry of a nation have placed a certain limit and frame on the way private property is viewed. It is very much connected to wealth and its accumulation. The surrounding environment and the economical industry have made a person somewhat of a property. The labor that an individual produces is a product of someone’s efforts and can be quantified by the industry. All the objects or property that someone possesses exist outside of the body and personality and so, is without a doubt private property, if that person is the one who has contributed efforts in the acquisition of the products. Even though the politics and the economy think of a man as an entity in and of itself, in relation to property and ownership, the work and the effort that someone puts in towards the said economy has become its property. It is possible to assume that this concept has some validity. The work that is required of someone would be non-existent if there was no reason or purpose for someone to work. The fact that an idea and opportunity is given to work, which is created by the state or some industry, can be seen as a property that is lended to a person. Even though it is immaterial, it is symbolic and thus, can be thought of as the sole creation of the industry. As Karl Mark mentions, the earliest private property was land and other objects that someone had. Things were much simpler when the society was not as complex, as it is today. But the hardships of modern industry have distanced a person from the country because they are viewed as property thems