ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The United Arab Emirates, is one of the most dynamic business locations in the world. In essence, the economies of the Arabian Gulf states are among the most dynamic in the world today. This is because wealth in these regions has been generated at what we can describe as historical rates (Rehman, 2007). This has been largely contributed by a boom in oil prices. The Gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the Gulf countries often approaches or exceeds the double digits, which have been attributed to the countries rapidly evolving demographics. In these countries, the youth make up approximately half the population which has led to high consumer demand. In essence, the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council – the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman – have become promising places to do business. Business firms in the UAE In this paper, we are going to focus on business firms within the United Arab Emirates. The business firms which we are going to focus on are in the airline industry. Specifically, we are going to look at Emirates Airlines. History of the airline The Emirates was established in the year 1985 in Dubai. As an airline company, this firm started operating with two leased aircraft. These aircraft had only three destinations which included Karachi, Mumbai and Delhi (Doganis, 2006). The initial aircraft that were being leased by this airline was Boeing 737 and an airbus 300B4. Emirates Airlines is one of the world’s fastest-growing long haul carrier. It was recently ranked as the world’s second most profitable carrier, after Singapore Airlines. In the year 2005, the airline’s profits rose by 45% to $637 million at a time when the airline industry was accumulating losses. The following year Emirate’s passenger volume had risen to more than 17.5 million, which was a reflection of rapid growth that was taking place in Dubai (Graham, Papatheodorou, & Forsyth, 2010). This was occasioned by the fact that Dubai was considered as a commercial hub in the Middle East. In recent history, this airline has rapidly emerged as one of the most important success stories in the airline industry. Ownership Emirates Airlines is part of a state-owned Emirates Group. This is a large diversified travel umbrella group which is owned by the state of Dubai. This Group emerged as a globally influential travel and tourism conglomerate that generated record profits of $ 762 million in the year 2006 (Ragaei, 1981). Operations and strategy In a sense, this airline enjoys a monopoly within this region. This is because the airline belongs to The Emirates Group , whose primary mission is to transform Dubai into a major economic and transport hub in the Middle East. In order to achieve this goal, Dubai has developed and pursued an “open skies policy” which allows over 100 airlines which are serving over 140 destinations to operate out of Dubai International Airport. The long term goal of this approach is to benefit from the traffic flows by attracting international tourists to t
Introduction Love can be simply defined as a feeling of intense affection towards someone or something. Memory on the other hand from a psychological point of view can be defined as the ability of an organism to recall stored information and retain it including past experiences. The relationship between love and memory is that often when love comes to its inevitable end, there are usually sweet memories about the love that people once shared. These sweet memories are in actual sense very painful especially if one was left by his or her lover while they were still in love with them. Therefore at the end of any love relationship there must be someone who will suffer psychologically due to the recollections that they have concerning the love they once shared. Various Love Forms There are different types of love that can be felt by a person. The commonly known love types include affection, passionate love, friendship, infatuation, puppy love, sexual love, platonic love, romantic love and many other terms that could be coined out to basically describe love (Harris, 1). Therefore, it comes to a conclusive end that love does indeed lacks a definition and hence the many partially overlapping collections of findings that try to vividly describe this phenomenal feeling. Sexual love can be defined as an attraction that leads to one having a sexual intercourse with another person. Sexual love is clearly portrayed in the Reader. This is in part I of the book where Michael realizes that he has an attraction for the 36 year old Hanna Schmitz while he was coming to convey his gratitude for helping him 3 months earlier. Though he felt embarrassed of being noticed by her of the fact that he watched her get dressed, and to this fact ran away, Michael returned later and was seduced while bathing by her. This is seen to have culminated into an affair heated with sexual love later on. Michael is seen to be regularly returning to the apartment of Hanna so that they could bathe together and later on have sex or do both at the same time. This initial love could as well be compared to infatuation as these two sexual lovers are said to have remained emotionally detached from each other as much as they were physically involved in sexual activities. This lack of true and sincere love and affection is further portrayed from the fact that Michael could get abused physically by Hanna (Schlink, 9). Verbal abuses were also usually directed towards him. Since such emotional outbursts ought not to be directed towards someone that you love passionately, it can be conclusive to state that they were not truly muddily in love as of that time. As much as it seemed to be more of infatuation that true love during their first moments, it should also be noted that not everyone can easily indulge in l
Every working citizen is subject to purchasing goods which can emphasize his or her social status. As graduates actively search for employment and rapidly start their careers shortly after receiving a degree, they often tend to acquire costly assets that eventually become a burden. While there is a variety of encouraging factors for such behavior, the appropriate financial education, including understanding the origins of these decisions, can instill responsible spending at the beginning of a career. While an individual can experience the pressure of the circumstances or social imposition, the result of an acquisition is always a certain form of satisfaction. As one study demonstrated, those citizens of a higher income are more satisfied in experiential expenses, and those with a lower income are more content with buying material goods (Lee, Hall, & Wood, 2018). The observations align with the case of the newly employed graduates, as they gain confidence by making expensive purchases during their adaptation to the process of earning money. One right approach to encourage working citizens to spend rationally is to conduct financial literacy trainings. The youth mainly fail the personal budgeting tests, so the study advises focusing on the educating methods which form the respectful adolescents’ attitude to expenses (Totenhagen et al., 2015). The main advantage of acquiring an expensive asset like a house is a possible tax break (Monroy, 2016). At the same time, these breaks benefit only for the costly goods, while purchases of the newly employed are mostly of modest prices and thus cannot become beneficial (Monroy, 2016). Workers often neglect such details, and, to prevent the undesirable costs, they should be well-educated on personal budgeting. To conclude, employees often face the challenge of making expensive acquirements at the beginning of their careers. Such acquisitions mostly cause material satisfaction, as new workers need to strengthen their social status. While such decisions may seem compelling, as due to possible tax breaks, the employed should be financially well-trained to rationally plan their expenditures.
When in 1987 the Detroit Free Press and Detroit Daily News merged under a special exemption from the antitrust laws, both companies expected to have successful cooperation that could provide more benefits. As it was an important measure of surviving both news-papers, the merger allowed companies to consolidate their resources. In total, according to Savage, the Detroit Free Press had lost $81 million between 1979 and 1986 (1989). Both newspapers were losing about $10 million per year and needed the special forecasts that could improve the situation. The forecasts for the merged firms’ profits are the use of financial resources to implement the latest technologies, develop a new structure of papers, and provide new creative ideas. After the merger, the papers began to publish joint Saturday and Sunday numbers. Changing the structure, the papers were able to remain separate within the common edition. As both companies had millions of readers, such a measure provided the possibility to retain the whole audience. Today, trying to provide the new structural ideas, the company does not afraid to lose the interest of people. Thus, Carmichael cites the words of Rich Harshbarger, vice president for consumer marketing at the Detroit Media Partnership which operates the joint agreement between the Free Press and the News, “our readers have come along with us in this model” (Carmichael, 2010). Therefore, it is possible to notice that, changing the structure and providing the new editions, the merged firms can expect more profits. If the permanent audience is retained, the companies can think about creative ideas that can help to attract new readers. For instance, companies could print additional editions dedicated to special events. Such an idea can find new readers and, besides, open more places for the advertisement. Creative ideas are the
Introduction Throughout the century, fossil fuel has been responsible for economic growth in many countries. For example, it has driven economic growth in industrial Britain, the dominant American economy, and the emerging Chinese manufacturing sector (Conserve-Energy-Future 2015). Owing to its tremendous potential in fuelling economic growth, in the past, researchers have linked energy use to development (Union of Concerned Scientists 2015). Often, they have shown that the higher the demand for fossil fuels, the higher the rate of economic development (Conserve-Energy-Future 2015). This correlation mainly explains why many emerging economies today have a high demand for energy (Gattuso 2014). While this relationship is still true, today, there is a global trend to minimise the use of fossil fuel because of ecological concerns (Jupe & Michiorri 2007). Scientists have often associated environmental degradation, pollution, and climate change to fossil fuel use (Conserve-Energy-Future 2015). Alternative sources of energy include nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy (Bishop & Amaratunga 2008). Problem Statement Since the discovery of the effects of fossil fuels on the environment, there has been a global push to use cleaner sources of energy (Klaus 2012). This push has permeated through many aspects of our social, political and economic spaces. For example, there has been a greater push among automobile makers to develop hybrid and electric cars to minimise the reliance on fossil fuel (Jupe & Michiorri 2007). Other economic sectors have explored the use of solar, wind, nuclear, and geothermal energy to power different economic sectors (Gattuso 2014). Environmentalists have also advanced hydrogen and bio-fuels as alternative sources of energy (Gattuso 2014; Tsuneo 2001). However, not all these alternative sources of energy are safe. Econ
John Locke was one of the greatest English philosophers, known with his empirical points of view, which had a certain influence on the development of political philosophy and property issues. This influential political thinker presented a new idea of Empiricism; at the abstract level, people are all God’s creations, and this is why they have natural rights and should be equal to each other. His Second Treatise of Government is one of the brightest works about political philosophy, its influence on society, and origins and aims of any existed government. Locke was not afraid to admit that each person in this word has the right of life and property that cannot be changed by any of the civil law. However, such ideas had to have clear and strong evidences, this is why John Locke had no other way but gather as many arguments as possible to prove his standpoints. Nowadays, it is very difficult to use the ideas offered by Locke at the end of the 1600s, his rational development and desire to be equal in all spheres of life turn out to be the issues, which are hard to achieve; this is why modern development is not always good, but just one more means to demonstrate someone’s wealthy and abilities. Land development is one of the most burning issues nowadays. People from different countries during different periods of time tried to present their own ideas and offered the best ways out to solve the possible problems, connected to land development and property. To my mind, one of the most remarkable ideas were presented by John Locke at the end of the 1600s. He admitted that government should protect private property in order to save the public good. God divided everything in equal forms among people, this is why he “hath also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life, and convenience. The earth, and all that is therein, is given to men for the support and comfort of their being” (Locke, 18). However, there was one more point that could not but be mention while discussing Locke’s ides. He underlines the fact that human body and its movement are the property of a person, this is why all those efforts, which a person uses to make his/her life better and safer, and the results of this work belong to this person only. Such attention to human rights and their equal possibilities create numerous changes within the sphere of politics and economics. People should have enough grounds to believe that they have enough powers to live in this world and that “industrious and rational” will never be changed
The management of Peachtree Healthcare has to determine to what extent their technologies should be standardized. They can choose a monolithic information system that will be implemented in each hospital and clinic that is currently run by Peachtree Healthcare. Yet, they can also adopt a Service-Oriented Architecture that will enable this organization to conduct a selective standardization of their technologies and major practices. In both cases, the company will have to spend a significant amount of money, but the success of this investment cannot be fully ensured. Thus, the management will need to determine which model best suits the needs of the organization. This is the main question that is going to be discussed. One of the approaches that this organization can take is complete standardization of technologies and practices. This strategy can give several benefits, for example, cost savings and better time-efficiency. Therefore, they can choose a monolithic information system which is a single set of technologies and applications that will be installed in every clinic or hospital of Peachtree Healthcare. The main advantage of this strategy is that technologies and practices will be consistent throughout the organization. Yet, one should take into account several structural factors. Peachtree Healthcare includes trauma centers, community hospitals, teaching clinics, or rehabilitation centers. Thus, it may be difficult to develop a single information system that can fit the needs of these medical institutions. Furthermore, as it has been noted in the case study, many procedures cannot be effectively standardized. For instance, pharmacy record keeping can be based on the best practices. Yet, one cannot say the same thing about the protocol for treating different forms of cancer. This is one of the reasons why complete standardization is not always possible. Apart from that, physicians should be able to care about the wellbeing of the patient without being limited by standards or restrictions imposed from outside. Furthermore, the adoption of a monolith information system will necessitate the redesign of many business processes, and extra training of the staff. Apart from that, the complete redesign of the existing IT infrastructure may not be efficient. The thing is that some of their current technologies can function quite effectively and there is no need to remove them. Finally, the management of Peachtree Healthcare should not forget that the adoption of a monolithic system will make this organization less responsive to change. For example, hospitals can adopt business models or medical practices when they are given some degree of autonomy. Complete standardization can deprive them of this autonomy. These are the main drawbacks and benefits of this approach. Another strategy that this organization can choose is to implement a Service-Oriented Architecture. The main benefit of these technologies is that they allow a greater degree of flexibility. In particular, some physici
Inflation can be defined as a persistent rise in the general level of prices or alternatively, a persistent fall in the value of money. Two years back the economy in my country suffered inflation whose effects were felt in all sectors of the economy. I was employed in a manufacturing company and my employers cost of production doubled. Being an economist he was aware of what his employees were going through in terms of purchasing power. The increased cost of production (i.e. raw materials) was a hindrance to salary increment. The remaining option was to cut down on my expenditure since prices of most commodities had almost doubled. I was also forced to commute to work so as to save what I could have spent on fuel. However, this did not last for long, the economy stabilized and put as back to our purchasing power. I am an accountant by profession my employment prospects include developing my career, raising my standards of living through improved financial status and accumulating wide knowledge and skills a thing that will add to my experience in the accounting field. Realized economic growth will increase jobs in my field. This is so because a growing economy will favor investment and business expansion. This increased investment firms will create more employment opportunities for the citizens and expatriates. An accountant in New York White plains is carrying an average of 56,632 dollars after the inclusion of bonuses and benefits. The cost of living at this city is 59,093 dollars which is higher compared to the normal 45,629. In Leeds a similar position earns an average of 46,950 dollars per year. The salaries in these two cities tend to differ since the cost of living at Leeds is lower compared to that one in New York. There is increased demand and supply of labor in New York as opposed to Leeds. Quantity theory of money explains why wages differ in the two cities. Increased rate of inflation in one city results to people postulating a direct proportional relationship between the supply and level of prices if the quantity of money is doubled, prices would double and so on. Tight monetary policy (contractionary) translates into a reduction in money supply and a considerable increase in interest rate. Inflation will be checked and prices of goods and services will thus not increase. The employer will have limited ability to access money as a result of reduced money supply. Profit earned will have a stronger value of money and the employer will be enjoying the scenario. The cost of production would not increase and employees will have more money value attached on their salary which will satisfy even the employer. Under easy monetary policy (expansionary) inflation rate will rise thus increasing the cost of production. This will result to a fall in the value of money thereby constraining the employee as well as the employer. The employee will not like such a scenario to occur since the employee might also demand a pay increase.
To discover humanity, it is important to determine how their interactions affect their culture and their relations. The degree of influence is mostly affected by the extent of interaction and how friendly the two groups were to one another. To conduct a comparison on cultural influence and integration between the American and the Africans with that of the China and India, it is important to know how the groups interacted and responded to one another. In case the response or the interaction was poor, it is hard to have a comprehensive influence between the two groups involved. This is supported by the fact that a group of individuals will copy each other if they developed a liking at the initial levels of interaction. Hence, it is important to look at the legacies left by the encounters and interactions of cultures to present day. Some of the influences traced into the interaction between the cultures vary from social lifestyle, economics, political to the general use of language (Smith, 1992, p. 498). The interaction between the Americans who are referred to as the ‘westerners’ had massive effect on the culture of Africans more than among the Indians and China as a result of the resistance they subjected to the interaction. To begin with, lifestyle changed because of the interaction between the Americans and the Africans; this created social classes that fell under color and social responsibility (Smith, 1992, p. 498). There was stratification among the blacks; the blacks were considered as slaves. The black slaves did not have any rights as compared to their white masters. Presently, it has created the discrimination experienced in some of the states that are regarded as white dominated or black dominated states (Lipsitz, 1995, p. 397). The other social effect brought about the interaction between the whites and the blacks was the social stratification. Historically, there are groups of individuals who were considered noble; they were made judges, rulers of the land as well as opinion makers. The idea was positively taken up by the Africans; it can be explained by the present fight for power and positions in Africa and America (Lipsitz, 1995, p. 397). This is very different in India and China; Chinese and Indians resisted interaction between the westerners that would have changed their culture. The resistance has maintained their social norms and formats without compromising their integrities. Another example of the legacies left by the degree of interaction between the westerners and the Africans is the spread of Christianity. In Africa, Christianity has spread to the most interior regions as fueled by the interaction experienced between the Americans and the natives (Smith, 1992, p. 498). This can be contrasted to the present spread of Christianity in India and China. The variance in the degree Christianity could be due to the resistance to cultural integration between the westerners and natives of Ch