ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Persuasive Against Fast Food Over $100 billion are used each year on fast food consequently over 60 percent of Americans have become obese. You ask, so what? Fast food, as I will show later, is ranked second in the death cause list. There are those who know the effects of fast food yet choose to ignore it while savoring its taste, yet there are masses of people who are completely unaware of the health dangers they could be bestowing on themselves. Fast food is unhealthy and people should seek different alternatives of obtaining nutrients for their diet. The most evident effect of fast food is obesity among others and these effects are what will be considered as the basis of discouraging the intake of fast food while encouraging other healthier options. Alarming Facts on Fast Food Over 60% of Americans are either obese or over weight; over $100 billion is spent on fast food in a year; before most children can speak they can recognize McDonald’s; one would have to walk seven hours without stopping to burn calories gained from eating a coke, fry and a big Mac; obesity is known to cause other diseases like- hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, asthma, hyperuricaemia among others (Facts 1). Unhealthy eating, with fast food as part of the cause, is the second in ranking when it comes to causes of death (Organic 1). Control of the intake of fast food needs to be considered with utmost seriousness. The real cause of obesity (considered as a national epidemic) should be addressed and it will incorporate even the distributors of fast food. This is because; in as much as the consumer or fast food partakers are to be held responsible for their indulgence, the restaurants are partly to blame because of the methods they use in food preparation. In her article, Burgers on the brain, Martindale states that some research by scientists indicates that these foods could have effects on your brain in such a way that one cannot practice self-control and it could cause addiction (Organic 1). Effects of Fast Food The following are the summarized effects of indulging in fast foods (Freiboth
Introduction The article under consideration dwells upon cybercrime and a particular case of digital money laundering. The author reveals some details of the investigation concerning Western Express International Inc. The investigation started with a complaint about the unauthorized use of a credit card. The card was used to buy some product from an online retailer (with a Manhattan shipment address). Analysis Western Express claimed to be a digital currency exchanger while it turned out to be a money transmitter, as well as a check casher, providing its services to people who were based in Eastern Europe but earned money in the USA. The investigation revealed that the company did not have the necessary license and, hence, could not transmit money to other countries. The investigation included the analysis of computer records, chat messages, paper documents, web postings, as well as cell phone data. One of the most striking findings was associated with the clients of the company and their ways of making money. The vast majority of clients of the company were identity thieves and cybercriminals. The result of the investigation was the indictment of Western Express and a number of the company’s clients for several charges including stolen credit card data trafficking and money laundering. The details of the investigation are provided to unveil some of the essential peculiarities of modern digital money laundering. For instance, the products paid through the system were not shipped to the master identity but to a recruited person who resents it to a buyer (in the majority of cases, to another country). Egold was used for the reselling process. It is stressed that cybercriminals, Ponzi schemers, and child pornographers preferred Egold that was one of the pioneers in the sphere of digital currency. The author emphasizes that the case is an illustration of the importance of money transmitting regulations. The company did not care about the clients’ identities and ways of gaining money, which makes it a facilitator of cybercrime. It was found that $35 million flowed through the company, and $2 million proved to be the proceeds of criminal activities. The author states that digital money laundering involves several layers and organizations. More importantly, it is global and should be treated accordingly. The author adds that cybercriminals can be detected and, eventually pleaded guilty. For instance, some of the clients of Western Express (Russian, Ukrainian and Moldovan nationals) were found, captured in other countries, and extradited to the USA where they were convicted. The success of the investigation of Western Express’ operations and crimes shows that cybercrime can and should be addressed. The author claims that cybercriminals attack individuals and organizations, which makes it crucial for everyone to focus on data protection. At that, the author states that organizations with the
Abstract Coding is the approach for correctly interpreting the information gathered through qualitative research to retrieve patterns and significant observations related to the study’s topic or hypothesis. The analysis of such data can be performed throughout such methodologies as discourse and conversation analysis, theory development, and content proceeding (Smith & Firth, 2011). Qualitative research is at risk of becoming less credible due to the biases, subjective analysis of the results, and significant scope of uncategorized data received from the participants (Roberts et al., 2019). The coding framework is the convenient strategy to make the study more rigorous as the process involves strict thematic separation, categories creation, and anonymized information allocation. Coding Selected posts include such themes to incorporate into the coding process as leadership experience in nursing, perception of continuing education, and reasons to pursue a DNP degree. Although the classmates’ posts also mention their personal information and backgrounds, they are not suitable for the framework and study as they cannot be compared or categorized. I selected the three themes because they are interconnected and allow a researcher to explore narrow topics to make valuable and credible conclusions. Smith and Firth (2011) claim that “the approach enables researchers to track decisions, which ensures links between the original data and findings are maintained and transparent” (p. 59). Coding will address questions of leadership in nursing (1), tendencies for the experienced professionals to continue education (2), and the need for a DNP degree in clinical practice (3). The first classmate’s codes are: “night shift nursing supervisor at Veteran Hospital” (1), “have embraced the experience of leadership” (1). “Hoping to gain new insight into improving nursing practice” (2), “using my lifelong nursing skills and knowledge to engage and empower patients” (3). The second classmate’s codes: “various leadership experience” (1), “objective and benevolence in attribution to nursing transformation in the medical evolution” (2), “mobilize community is driving impetus for my motivation in the doctoral program” (3). The third post’s coding is: “Oncology Nurse Manager” (1), “second semester for DNP” (2,3). The fourth coding is: “the need to rise and do something instead of waiting for someone else to do it” (1), “three associate degrees, two bachelor’s degrees, and two Master’s degrees” (2). Furthermore, the classmate “relocated to pursue the Doctoral degree” (3). The last classmate’s coding: “career in CVICU” (1), “ continued my education and became an AGACNP-BC” (2), “it was natural for me to pursue a DNP degree.” Analysis and Discussion The introduction posts analyzed through the coding framework revealed that my classmates address the three themes selected for the hypothetical research. Indeed, they have leadership experience in nursing, perceive continuing education as essential for improving their practice and building careers, and consider pursuing the DNP degree as
The planning of Weapon and Mass Destruction has adequately addressed the health component. By engaging every sector, both private and public healthcare providers, an effective response plan is given with the mutual understanding of both stakeholders. Every healthcare provider has been well-prepared in case of any terrorist attack occurs. Terrorists can exert a profound influence on the healthcare sector, drawing reference from the incident on September 11, 2001, which caused many impacts such as death and economic complications (Reynolds, 2020). When planning for a future response towards such responses, the state and federal governments have effectively addressed it. It is believed that after the war, many individuals who are victims suffer from psychological issues (Reynolds, 2020). Hence, the focus of healthcare providers has been put on how the long-term recovery process and preparedness should be addressed. To this end, appropriate preparation has been ensured with regard to the process of dealing with psychological and social issues. Therefore, healthcare providers are well-equipped to handle such situations due to financial support and training in service delivery. To facilitate a response to any attack, funding is always a necessity. Due to the plans and measures undertaken, in adverse circumstances, local healthcare facilities and both state and local governments will receive enough funding. The relevant authorities often encounter burdens during the time of war or attack. Healthcare and governments (both local and state) need to have sufficient funds to handle the impacts of war. Every fiscal year involves the allocation of funds to various sectors within the economy. With such consideration and plans to reduce terrorism attacks, capital is given to healthcare providers to ensure that social amenities that support people are well-established. Furthermore, most states heavily invest in security and the general welfare of their citizens. Funds are always allocated to the relevant sectors to enhance their effectiveness in handling issues that may affect all citizens. Reference Reynolds, C. (2020). Global health security and Weapon of Mass Destruction chapter. In Masys A.J., R. Izurieta & M. R. Ortiz (Eds.), Global Health Security (pp. 187-207). Springer.
Introduction The perception of American religion is changing with the entry of mega churches in the religious scene. Mega churches receive considerable attention from their leaders and attendees. Interestingly, leaders and members of smaller churches, denominational officials, church consultants, and seminary faculties pay great attention to mega churches. In addition, political parties and media reporters are often talking about mega churches. The biggest church in the United States is the Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas, and usually has a total attendance of forty three thousand and five hundred followers. The United States has the largest number of small churches, which too play a major role in the religious landscape of the US. 1 Due to the huge potential the small churches have in community building, they often grow into large churches once they have good internal leadership and surpass their resource limitations. This paper will focus on the growth of churches into mega churches and the decline in the number of small churches. Mega churches Mega churches are Protestant churches with at least two thousand attendees. Most of the mega churches are located in the suburban areas of the fast growing cities in the United States such as Houston, Atlanta, Orlando, Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Dallas. The majority of attendees in mega churches are the younger adults and most of them have attended a small local church. Research has shown that, most of the young adults that attend the mega churches are around forty-five years of age, and most of them are college graduates. 2 The young adults around this age attend the mega churches because they have young children and the mega churches offer more programs and many opportunities for their children. In addition, the young adults at the age of forty-five have an interest in being connect and the mega churches gives them a good opportunity to know more people. The mega churches have strong believes, a well-stated mission and purpose and have high expectation for scriptural study, prayer, and contribution. With the level of commitment and zeal, which the leaders of mega churches have, these churc
Introduction Ever since the presentation of the first machine for mass-manufacturing cigarettes, novelties in advertising and promotional practices have been a brand of cigarette manufacturing. Before the health impacts of tobacco use were well identified, leaders of tobacco manufacturing praised the large development in the number of people who smoked in the first half of the century to the efficiency of the ads and promotional campaigns. These campaigns attained their effect in part by inducing 14- to 17-year-old youngsters to start smoking. In 1967 the tobacco commerce initiated the first “woman’s” cigarette, again with a huge and inventive advertising campaign. Sales poured, but the only consequence of drawing new smokers occurred in girls 14 to 17 years of age, and the impact was higher in those who got fewer years of formal education. (Tremblay, 2005) Matters of advertisement Actually. As for the matters of increased smoking, it should be stated, that everyone has the freedom of choice, and the advertisement nowadays does not claim to start smoking or smoking more than ever. It is created to impact brand preference and to help consumers to select a particular brand among lots of others. These publicities are not heartening people to smoke more cigarettes but to smoke their brand instead of others. People who contest smoking and ads are non-smokers retort to only disputes on the claim that these ads augment the total amount of customers. But would actually a person after watching add about Davidoff go and buy it, particularly if one does not smoke at all? Surely not, as people are not so effortlessly impacted when it comes to their fitness and freedom of choice, which they surely have. One of the most arithmetical studies on this matter was carried out by the Metro Consulting Group on the Market, which was researching these matters from 1962 till 1969, and was generally accepted among the Department of Health and Social Security. It terminated that no confirmation has been found of an essential relationship between the total level of media ads and entire cigarettes vends. Professor Reinhold Bergler who was the chief of the Institute of Psychology issued his book “Advertising and Cigarette Smoking” in 1981, and in this book, he studies two researches offering empirical confirmation. (Gunter, 2005) The standards of personal choice and personal responsibility for one’s own deeds are primary to any free community. Hand-in-hand with those standards go liberty of speech, independence of action, and choose to select one’s own style of living – offering that one continues within the law. Of these standards the independence of personal selection, as narrated to the customer, is surely particularly intimidated by bans or constraints on cigarette ads. Adversaries of smoking have disputed that a ban on ads would persuasively express administration condemnation of smoking and that this in i
Focused deterrence strategies are a recently developed crime prevention method, pioneered in the 1990s. The paper “Focused Deterrence Strategies and Crime Control”, penned by Anthony A. Braga, David Weisburd, and Brandon Turchan, provides an overview of contemporary literature and a statistical assessment of the strategy’s effectiveness. The numerous case studies provide an insight into its application and results. The theory behind the paper was that focused deterrence strategies are an effective crime prevention tool. Criminals, especially repeat offenders, were given a message that should they choose to mend their ways, the community and the state would give them opportunities to change their life for the better. Otherwise, the police would already know who and where they are, and punishment would be swift and severe (Hamilton, Rosenfeld, & Levin, 2018). A secondary effect of focused deterrence strategies is claimed to be an increased community cohesion. There is evidence to suggest that community disorder is an important factor in criminal behavior and mutual mistrust, while the police are often seen as the upholders of community values (Jackson, Bradford, Hohl, & Farrall, 2009). However, the effect on communities is not clear, and there needs to be more research in that direction. The authors have picked out 24 evaluations of law enforcement operations and performed a meta-analysis of the operations’ effect sizes, evaluations’ methodology, and extraneous factors. The effect sizes were moderate, with drug-related crime prevention programs being the least effective, and the weakest individual research producing more favorable results (Braga, Weisburd, & Turchan, 2018). Overall, the meta-analysis concludes that focus deterrence strategies are an effective method of crime prevention. From the methodological standpoint, the meta-analysis appears solid, and its data robust. It used random-effects models to measure mean effect sizes of the study outcomes by program and design types, as well as a trim-and-fill method to address a likely publication bias. The limitations of the research appear to stem from the analyzed works themselves rather than the method of analysis. There are other works that suggest the effectiveness of these strategies. In particular, Hamilton, Rosenfeld, and Levin (2018) performed a randomized controlled study of attending the focused deterrence meetings and their effects. The treatment group of parolees and probationers was asked to attend, and the control group was not. Some members of the treatment group opted out of the meetings. The study concluded that those who did not attend the meetings were more likely to be arrested again within the next 17 months, which reinforces the effectiveness of focused deterrence. To put these strategies in perspective, the broader causes of crime must be analyzed. Cantora, Iyer, and Restivo (2016) suggest that primary drivers o
Introduction In the world of technology, the types of crime committed vary greatly, ranging from conventional crime, such as aggravated assault, murder, rape, kidnapping, and carjacking to computer crime. Many policy makers are concerned with combating computer crime given the fact that it is on the increase. Policies are being formulated on how to resolve the modern type of crime, which is infringing on the rights of various individuals, organizations, and governments. Computer crime is a new type of offense that is committed with the help of the computer and a network. In this regard, the computer might be used to commit this type of crime or it might be the target of crime (McQuade, 2006). Computer crime is associated with a number of other terminologies, including Net crime, which refers to the exploitation of the internet. Net crime refers to a scenario in which individuals develop computer programs that are meant to cause harm to other individuals or entities. In their analysis, information communication scholars, such as Halder and Jaishankar (2011), noted that cybercrimes include those offenses that are meted out on other people, particularly to harm them or destroy their public image in society either directly or indirectly, with the help of modern telecommunication network. Modern technology includes the internet (chat and emails) and mobile phones (short messages and MMS). Halder and Jaishankar observed that such types of offenses are dangerous to the survival of an individual, as well as the country’s financial system. In the modern society, crimes related to the computer are enormous (McQuade, 2009). These include cracking, patent violation, child pornography, child sprucing, and privacy issues whereby critical information belonging to an organization or government is lost to fraudsters. In the global society, state and non-state actors tend to engage in computer crime with an aim of soliciting or obtaining financial gains through illegal means. This is conducted through espionage and financial theft. These forms of crimes are commonly referred to as transnational organized crimes. In the information systems, this act is referred to as cyber warfare since an actor in one jurisdiction aspires to infringe on the rights of another individual in a different jurisdiction. In this regard, actors in the international system have come up with various measures aiming at containing the spread of this type of crime. The international criminal court was established in 2001 to partly with these types of crimes (Fitzgerald, 2007). Locally, states are also working hard to strengthen local institutions in an attempt to deal with computer theft. This article aims at evaluating some of the laws established in the United Arab Emirates, which are meant to deal with cybercrimes. Moreover, the article analyzes some of the i
It is agreeable that zipped commercials have considerable impacts on viewers (Rouwenhorst 2009, p. 3). In this context, zipping refers to the fast-forwarding of a television commercial advert. This eliminates the audio elements of an ad while retaining the visual elements (Rohloff 1966, p. 239). Many people have practiced the behaviour. Concurrently, it is still effective in capturing the attention of viewers. It has the capability to retrieve and reinforce information that the viewer previously acquired. Thus, zipped commercials can work effectively as ‘reminder ads’. They can still be effective since as the number of repetition increases, viewers can recall key information (Stout & Burda 1989, p. 23). This is a vital provision when considered critically. The viewers are likely to recall the purpose of the concerned product as well as its brand name. In addition, repetition can shape the attitude of the viewer, either positively or negatively. The impact of repetition on viewers’ attitude depends on the cognitive responses (Kitchen 1986, p. 343). In this way, they are consistent with cognitive theories of consumer behaviour. The repetition of the commercials act as stimuli and the viewers respond in different ways. These ads tend to get higher consumer involvement. The ads that appeal to the emotions of the viewers tend to be higher in involvement. These ads focus on visual images and emotional appeal. Additionally, the concerned ads are loaded with visual images and music to capture attention of viewers. Additionally, ads that tend to be higher in involvement are those linked to high-cost products and services. These may include advertisement of vehicles, financial services and homes. These ads tend to make viewers act irrationally at times (Morrison 1997, p. 317). It is important to understand these commercial provisions in the context of their relevancy and appropriateness. How One Should Judge the Effectiveness of Television Commercials Evaluation of television commercials’ effectiveness can be a challenging task for advertisers. Viewers are affected differently with the adverts made through televisions. One should follow AIDCA formula to judge the effectiveness of television commercials. AIDCA is an acronym that stands for Attention, Interest, Desire, Credibility and Action. One has to evaluate the attention the advert receives within the first seconds the television commercial appears. This is to ensure that viewers are interested, and are watching the advert. The features of the advert are to create this attention. The television commercial can use images, statements or situations that create interest. Additionally, the commercials should use images and statements that are of interest to the ta