ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Statement of Problem Dietary therapy is among the few attempts made to alleviate symptoms of neurological disorders after pharmacological therapies have been deemed ineffective. However, due to the complexity of pathophysiological mechanisms linked to these disorders, a single dietary therapy is not feasible. The high fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets are conceived as effective diets for medically intractable epilepsy as explained by Stafstrom 1 . There is strong evidence that the effectiveness of ketogenic diets in ameliorating neurological disorders is due to their ability to normalize the energy metabolic processes in the human body. Ketogenic diets elevate the levels of ketone bodies and reduction of blood glucose levels. Both mechanisms result in neuroprotective outcomes that enhance mitochondrial functioning and reduce the reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Studies Li’s 2 study on the effects of a ketogenic diet on drug resistant epilepsy among children (between 7 months and 7 years) showed that the diet yielded positive results. Despite the fact that the sample was small in this study, the diet suppressed Doose syndrome, infantile spasm, and seizures. The ketogenic diet was composed of high fat and low carbohydrate in the ratio of 4:1 (fat to carbohydrate and proteins respectively). The efficacy of the ketogenic diet on seizure was 51.61% after one week of therapy, 67.74% after 1 month and 70.97% after 3 months. A 100% efficacy rate was obtained for Doose syndrome, 81.25% was achieved for infantile spasms. A direct proportional relationship was achieved between the length of time the ketogenic diet was used and background rhythms of the children. Kosoff 3 defines a ketogenic diet as one that is high in fat, low in carbohydrate and just contains the right amounts of protein at a ratio of 4:1 fats to carbohydrates and proteins. The study was conducted among children, but their specific ages are unknown. The foods given to constitute the ketogenic diet include cream, steak, butter, oils and fish. The ketogenic diet is associated with more than 50% reduction in seizure while 1 in 10 children become free of seizure. The proposed mechanisms of ketosis and low blood glucose are merely deemed as markers of shift on metabolism that is associated with the ketogenic diet. However, more investigation is required on the actual mechanism of achieving effectiveness from ketogenic diets. Stafstrom 1 has shown the importance of the ketogenic diet on various disorders including seizures (in medically intractable epilepsy), Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. The ketogenic diet is believed to yield effects by altering the energy metaboli
Latinos and Asian Americans, usually referred to as “new immigrants,” occupy a central position in American history. Efforts to ensure interracial cooperation between Latinos and Asian Americans supported Judy Chu’s council movement, which mirrored the struggle to eradicate racialized privileges and hierarchy (Saito 125). Asian Americans and Latino were forced into similar locations and occupations by the “politics of prejudice.” As a result of these circumstances, the two groups were left with no choice but to face the dilemma between the universal inclusion promise and the execution of racial exclusion in the United States. Racial exclusion created affinities among communities that had previously considered themselves enemies as they scrambled for resources. The shared struggle gave birth to modern community activists who structured powerful coalitions in labor and politics. Factors such as political awareness and government policies contributed to the development of interra
Introduction White collar crime refers to peaceful offense committed with an intention of gaining unlawful monetary gain. There are a number of white collar crimes that can be committed. They include extortion, insider trading, money laundering, racketeering, securities fraud, and tax evasion. This paper carries out an analysis of the Enron scandal as an example of a white collar crime. Background of the Crime Enron Company was an American based energy company. It was the largest supplier of natural gas in America in the early 1990’s. The company had a stunning performance in the 1990’s. Despite the excellent performance, stakeholders of the company were concerned about the complexity of the financial statements. The management of the company used complex nature of the financial statements and the weaknesses in the accounting standards to manipulate the financial records. “Top officials at the company cheated investors and enriched themselves through complex accounting gimmicks like overvaluing assets to boost cash flow and earnings statements, which made the company even more appealing to investors” (Federal Bureau Investigation, 2011). The white collar crime was characterized by inflating the asset values, overstating the reported income and cash flow and failure to disclose the liabilities in the financial records. Members of top management of the company were closely involved in the crime. The first person was Kenneth Lay. He was the chairman of the company during that period. He permitted actions of the other management without getting to know the nature of the transactions. The second person was the Chief Operating officer, Jeffrey Skilling. He was involved in negotiating dubious investment deals for the company. The third person was the Chief Financial officer, Andrew Fastow. He had the overall responsibility of ensuring that the books of accounts reflected true and fair view of the company. In addition, he also created a special purpose company knows as Chewco Investment limited partnership. The debt for the company was guaranteed by Enron. Besides, he did not disclose losses arising from the company in the financial statement of Enron (Santa Clara University, 2012). Type of the Crime The crimes committed by the top management were of different types. They can be categorized into four these are, conspiracy, securities fraud, false statement, insider trading and fraud. Profit without honor shows the “encounter between personal gain and individual integrity” (Pearson Education, 2012). Profit without honor was evident in the actions of the managers who were involved in the crime. The managers made gains without taking into account the underlying professional code of conduct and ethics. Theories of White Collar Crime Edwin Sutherland came up with the theory of white collar crime. He explained it “as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation” (Pearson Education, 2012). Sutherland further explained that the w
In this particular case, there are three different culprits. One of them has turned out to be a highly useful criminal informant. Between the other two, one is a major drug dealer, and the other appears to be still somehow reluctant in supplying drugs. As such, the courts where they should be tried are a matter of great significance. There are three optional courts in which each of the suspects can be tried. These are the: Wichita Municipal Court, U.S District Court, and the Sedgwick County District Court which operates in the state of Kansas. To solve this issue, it is imperative that one has a profound understanding of the differences between the state court systems and the federal court systems. This case requires carefully analyzing and determining where each criminal is to be tried. As per the given memo, it is safe to conclude that Jones is the criminal informant. First of all, cases involving criminal or confidential informants have become highly popular in the United States judicial system. In some cases, it may require an individual to leverage the information he or she has for financial benefits. On the other hand, some people just exchange the information they have for immunity against their criminal activities or only to broker a deal out of hail (Low, Jeffries, & Bradley, 2014). According to the American Constitution, law enforcers have the right to arrest or not to arrest suspects. In this particular case, the police have leverage on Jones. He is caught with cocaine on the 6th of February, 2005. However, he is not suspected of being the dealer or supplier. He happens to be in third possession of the drug (Neubauer, & Meinhold, 2010). Having brokered a deal with the federal-state police, he is required to help undercover police workers penetrate into the drug world. He indeed plays his role and is responsible for the information obtained about the other two suspects. The challenge is that Jones has a record of two prior arrests on the same issue. In the arrangement between him and the federal state policy, he only has immunity for certain illegal acts he commits while aiding the undercover officers. However, this does not shield him from the criminal acts he was engaged in before which includes the third possession of the illicit drugs. That being the case, he is certainly bound to undergo trial (Neubauer, & Meinhold, 2010)
Introduction There are many management theories provided by different researchers to develop the performance of the companies, but fortunately, Quinn’s Competing Values Framework (CVF) included all necessary elements of the management approaches. Quinn, et al. (2003) stated that traditional models were ineffective in some extent; therefore, he provided the Competing Values Framework (CVF) for organisational analysis and it includes the two dimensions form four quadrants to demonstrate different assortment of organizational efficiency indicators and management theory, such as, the human relations model concentrates on building team, focusing internal conflict and understanding others. The purpose of this model is to concentrate on the external factors to take internal decision in terms of human resource management, production, quality control, and time management to develop the performance of the company (Quinn, et al., 2003). At the same time, Breen, Walo & Dimmock (2004, p.5) pointed out the view of Quinn and stated that CVF framework gives the opportunity to the managers to upgrade their performance as it included eight management role with twenty four competencies. According to the CVF model, each quadrant includes –   * Human relations model: This situates in the upper-left quadrant and it defines mentor role and facilitator role;   * Open system model: It is in the upper-right quadrant and it describes innovator and broker role;   * Internal process model: in the lower-left model contains monitor and coordinator role;   * Rational goal model: The lower-right quadrant includes producer and director role; Figure 1: Competing Values Framework Source: Quinn, et al. (2003) However, Boddy (2007) pointed out that management theory is a group of observations and policies intended to assist administrators of a corporation; moreover, it is a route of philosophy, governance, organisation, and set of guidelines by which the tasks of the company’s workers are carried out through utilisation of the obtainable resources and competencies for attaining explicit corporate objectives. Griffin (2006) noted that a number of management approaches exist by which the companies can administer its internal operational processes. For example, Robbins & Judge (2004) stated that dictatorial management approach is the technique of administration wh
The role of horror movies in society remains to be one of the most controversial issues nowadays. Not many people are able or eager to understand a true worth of horror films as a separate genre. As a rule, the main purpose of such kind of a movie is to awake the feeling of fear or disgust among viewers, and its classification is based on the menace that is depicted in the film (Shary 40). And some people cannot understand why such movies are necessary in the world where violence and cruelty spread fast. It is hard to define the quality of a good horror film as each country offers its own ideas and visions of horror in modern life. For example, the movie Dogtooth is an example of how Greece understands the essence of horror genre and uses everyday problems and living principles as the main idea in the horror genre. Its director, Yorgos Lanthimos, introduces a family with its own rules and truths. There are no definite monsters or bad guys in the movie, but, it is still regarded as a horror movie due to its tone and ideas as well as the emotions elicited. Dogtooth is classified as a horror film due to the presence of certain horror elements such as intense atmosphere, sex relations, uncanny concepts, and violence; still, in comparison to a number of horror movies, the attempt of Yorgos Lanthimos to define family relations and care as the main threat for society is regarded as unique and even educative as it provides the viewers with a chance to understand better the worth of family and not to turn this type of relations into a horror of everyday life. Many critics and experts in the film industry underline the fact that it is not an easy task to give a concrete definition of a horror film because “the film industry itself is not especially consistent in the way it defines and promotes horror cinema” (Hutchings 3). Horror genre is characterized by unpredictability and a kind of amorphousness, this is why people like watching such kind of movies. They do understand that something scary should take place, still, they cannot predict the development of the events. This is what excites many viewers in horror genre: on the one hand
Vision   * Whole Foods Market is a company that prides itself in the provision and promotion of organically grown foods, food safety concerns and the sustainability of the ecosystem.   * The products are top of the line, with a highly motivated team that strives to delight its customers.   * It creates wealth for the share holder while conserving the environment. Core values. Competitive Advantage over other companies   * Strong brand name associated with healthy natural organic foods.   * Increased demand by Americans for all healthy things, it has stores in almost every state in the country (USA).   * It is the first certified organic store offering competitively priced top of the line products.   * It has a 38% market share of organic food market. Winning strategy  1. Whole food markets the highest quality, least processed, most flavorful and naturally preserves foods; this is can be viewed in the Company‘s website. Americans have a high demand for healthy foods and the company is able to meet this demand.  2. Team work. They recruit the best employees and keep them highly motivated and happy. Happy employees translate into delightful customer experience. Satisfied customers market by word of mouth and are loyal customers.  3. Use of the differentiation strategy. Organic food is organic food but the packaging and delivery makes it different. Whole foods market sells its products with the highest quality of organic food and the products are sold at a higher price and those who want quality will pay for quality.
Introduction Domestic violence refers to a practice or form of offensive doings by one or both associates in an intimate association. These associations can range from matrimony, dating, kin, acquaintances or cohabitation. Other names used to refer to domestic violence include; conjugal abuse, spousal abuse and family aggression. Domestic violence is meted out through various ways. Physical assault is a major form and can involve beating, jolting, biting, pushing, pinning down, smacking, and throwing stuff, among others. Others include intimidations of various manners, sexual maltreatment, emotional mistreatment, controlling or overbearing, trailing, concealed mistreatment such as neglect and economic stripping (Johnson & Kathleen, 2000, p. 948). Alcohol and other forms of drug abuse and cerebral disorder(s) can be associated with ill-treatment, and they pose extra tests in cases where they are present along with other forms of maltreatment. Understanding, awareness, characterization and citation of domestic violence varies broadly form nation to nation, and from period to period. Approximate calculations show that only around a third of occurrences of domestic violence are essentially reported in the UK and the US. Reports from the Centers for Disease Control state that domestic maltreatment is a grave, avertable communal health predicament that is affecting over and above 32 million American citizens. This translates to above 10 percent of the entire United States populace. Importance of the topic Domestic violence is a major issue of concern in almost all societies and civilizations as humanity develops to greater heights in every sector. As a result, it needs to be looked at critically and research on the same carried out. Through this, information regarding how and why the practice(s) takes place will be brought to the fore. Consequences of the practice(s) will also be known by all and following this, ways of dealing with the problem can be charted. Classification of domestic abuse All kinds of domestic maltreatment aim at one objective; to gain and hold control over the targeted individual. The persons meting out this mistreatment put into use several ploys to wield authority over their victims. Some of these tactics include; control, degradation, segregation, intimidation, denunciation and blame (Graham-Kevan & Archer, 2003, p. 1247). The kind and attributes of domestic hostility and maltreatment may be different in other forms. Divisions need to be done as relates to the forms of mistreatment, intentions of the person(s) behind it, and the social and ethnic framework. Aggression by an individual not in favor of their intimate associate is in most times carried out as a form of having power over their spouse, as much as this form of maltreatment is not the most recurrent. Other forms of close associate aggression also take place, as well as sadism involving gay and lesbian spouses, and women in opposition to their male spouses. Forms of abuse Physical mistreatment is mistreatment entailing the abuser getting in touch with his or her victim and the purpose of this is to induce feelings of co
Canada has traditionally positioned itself as a peacemaker, which seeks to resolve conflicts in other states. However, the policies of countries cannot remain the same for decades as global changes require flexibility. For this reason, Cros, in his article, analyzes Canada’s positioning of its status as a peacemaker in domestic and international politics over the past 30 years to reveal its changes and current position. This article is an example of a qualitative analysis of the country’s national policy. In the beginning, Cros (2015) looks at the traditional image of Canada before the end of the Cold War, which was rooted in the culture of the country’s population and the world. This image involves neutral mediation, soft power, and non-interference in the internal affairs of states. However, the author further considers the evolution of internal positioning, which was caused by changes in the role of Canada in international relations (Cros, 2015). After 1990, the Liberals were forced to adopt a new peacekeeping policy, which included traditional diplomacy and mediation, but also did not exclude the use of force against criminal acts in other states, such as genocide. At the same time, Cros (2015) notes that the Conservatives brought major changes to Canada’s image, which shaped its political culture. They began to represent Canada as a state that makes strong, sometimes cruel, or violent decisions, to ensure peace in the world. Therefore, the main finding of the article is that although the methods of foreign affairs and the image of Canada have undergone significant changes, the position of the state as a peacemaker has remained unchanged. At the same time, representatives of its various political structures did everything to ensure that they did not change the country’s political culture. In addition, adaptation will continue, although its direction is still uncertain. Reference Cros, L. (2015). The narrative of Canada as a peacekeeping nation since the 1990s: Permanence and evolution of a national paradigm. International Journal of Canadian Studies, 52 , 83–106.
Having conducted a research devoted to the relationships between boys’ and girls’ sexual abuse, the following results have been obtained. 28% of sexually abused girls experience sexual problems, suicidal attempts, and psychological distress in comparison with 49% of sexually abused boys. Notably, the reaction of girls’ abuse may be seen in family relations. The same reaction was described by Hébert et al. (2006) when he wrote about family dysfunction, despair, and dejection. These processes are closely interconnected with girls’ condition, therefore, when something wrong is seen, it can be easier to understand the issue. In case with boys, nothing similar is observed. Boys suffer from abuse more individually and do not allow their feelings to spread on the family well-being. However, sexual abuse may be a result of children’s suicide. The rate of boys’ deaths is higher than that of girls’. Unfortunately, the research proved the spread opinion that the cases of girls’ abuse are more prevalent in comparison to boys’ one, however, this tendency is changing and the number of sexually abused boys increases. Conducting a literature review, we came across several studies with contradicting research results. Having compared the information containing in Leeb, Barker, and Strine (2007) where they are sure that the number of abused girls still remains higher with the research results presented by Cossins (2010) who is sure that boys are abused sexually, girls domination is obvious. This rate cannot be even compared to the one of girls’. Our research shows that even though the number of abused boys is great, predominate position still remains with girls. Therefore, the hypothesis of Leeb, Barker, and Strine (2007) should be reconsidered. Dwelling upon the cases of sexual abuse and their influence on children’s life, it is essential to see that the affect on boys’ life is greater than on girls’ one. Being subjected to suicide, both boys and girls try to cope with the problem. Being more emotional, girls express their dissatisfaction, fear and pain through their behavior, while boys keep everything inside. Therefore, emotional pain of boys is greater as they are unable to cope with it themselves. Girls are more op