ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A lot has changed since the appearance of rational beings on our planet, and the introduction of social norms that help people to live together amicably can be numbered among the most significant inventions. Nevertheless, there are people who tend to underestimate the importance of mutual respect and being thoughtful of others. “Jerk” presents the most succinct word that can be used to characterize people like Dale who do not care about other people’s problems caused by their disrespectful attitude to fellow creatures. What do we know about being a “jerk”? Using the word under consideration in order to express their attitude to some people, individuals tend to mean different things, and this problem must be addressed to come to the right conclusion and define whether Dale can be described as a jerk. Some people think that others are jerks just because their actions and opinions do not meet someone’s expectations. In his work “How to Tell if You’re a Jerk?”, Schwitzgebel discusses the problem, highlighting the importance of jerk self-knowledge. According to the author, this word is not used to denote a stable trait of character as all people have situations in which they act like jerks (Schwitzgebel par. 2). The author believes that all people have their own level of “jerkitude”. To him, being a jerk involves being incapable of respecting others’ perspectives and needs. A jerk is a person who underestimates or does not want to notice the problems that bother other people. The author argues that jerks usually believe that others are nothing more than tools, helping them to achieve success. The researcher draws a parallel between jerkitude, narcissism, and selfishness due to his observations, demonstrating that all people give priority to their own needs from time to time. Taking the definition provided by the author into account, everything about Dale characterizes him as a jerk. People like Dale do not only neglect the needs of people they barely know. Even his partner has to put up with his unwillingness to be as still as a mouse when he is in a bad mood. Dale does not care about people who cannot park their cars as his comfort is the ultimate goal for him. His disrespectful attitude towards other people and their needs makes Dale a real jerk. Even though the majority of people agree that being a jerk makes any person a dropout who is unable to get along with others, some individuals believe that being a jerk is just in some cases. Trying to support their opinion with evidence, they often talk about their friends or relatives who are so kind-hearted and not prone to conflicts that other people always try to take advantage of their kindness. Jerks often manage to bounce back from any difficult situation, and this is why some of them can see jerkitude as something just. In fact, the accepted definitio
William Hogarth seems to narrate the stories of a fallen woman and a fallen man in a similar fashion with matching endings but different beginnings. In a Harlot’s progress, Moll appears to be pure and innocent. In a Rake’s Progress, however, Tom may demonstrate signs of a foul nature. The details of both series of paintings that help understand the plot feature background paintings, items of furniture, banners, and objects of symbolic meaning. Some of them indicate an influence of god or devil. The similarity of the two Hogarth’s narrations is evidenced, among other things, by the overcrowdedness and detail-rich painting style. Moll’s purity is shown through the color of her dress, her closed posture, and her eyes. Tom’s corruptness is revealed through him buying new clothes and rejecting a woman with his wedding ring. Devil’s presence can be sensed in a broom and a hat in the third painting of Harlot’s progress. God’s presence can be imagined from the appearance of lightning in the fourth painting of Rake’s Progress. Both series feature a crowd of people and many small details, and in both cases, almost each tells its part of the story, which gives a reason to believe the series are similar. The White color of Moll’s dress, as opposed to darker clothes of others, her closed posture, and absence of eye contact with a brothel-keeper, can symbolize h
There are numerous theories of developmental psychology. Theses theories have attempted to explain changes in human behaviours as a result of certain conditions or situations. In spite of the fact that a number of studies have focused on children’s development, there is an increasing interest in the behaviour of old people as well (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2007, p.2). This paper will therefore discuss the strengths and weaknesses of two theories of developmental psychology. Attachment Theory John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are regarded as the authors of attachment theory. John Bowlby devised the fundamental principles of the theory by relying on ideas from cybernetics, ethology, developmental psychology and information processing. Ainsworth’s creative methodology facilitated the empirical testing of the theory of attachment. Ainsworth also invented the notion of the attachment figure as a secure pedestal which a child can use to explore the society (Bretherton, 1992, p.759). Attachment is perceived as a natural system that transforms itself to guarantee continued survival of a child. Children have a natural tendency to seek physical, psychological and emotional support from persons they are attached to (Bretherton, 1992, p.759). Bowlby developed his theory after serving as a voluntary worker in an institution for maladjusted children. Bowlby was mainly influenced by his experience with two children at the institution. The first child was an extremely affectionless and detached youngster who did not have a stable mother figure. The second one was a nervous eight years old boy who followed him everywhere (Bretherton, 1992, p.760). Bowlby’s theory relied heavily on Lorenz’s ethological theory (especially his research of imprinting). Lorenz used young ducklings in his research to demonstrate that attachment was a matter of survival. Bowlby suggested that attachment behaviours are innate and that a child is bound to feel insecure and afraid when the attachment figure is absent. He also asserted that the fear of strangers is an inherent behavioural attribute that a child is born with. This innate behaviour enables a child to maintain close proximity with his/her attachment figure (Bowlby, 1980, p.2). The attachment theory helps us understand the importance of an attachment figure in shaping the child’s personality. A child is likely to experience psychological and emotional disorders when the attachment system is broken (Bowlby, 1980, p.4). Pickover (2002) states that children raised in an insecure attachment system are usually unreceptive to new secure attachments patterns (p.3). In addition, they often become emotionally withdrawn. However, when children are brought up in a secure attachment system, they are able to socialize with other people and at the same time maintain close relati
Introduction The following memorandum paper will cover our team’s process within the Catherine Bond brand’s social media campaign. This paper includes and provides information about other companies’ strategies on various social platforms and social networks that our team is currently working with, implications of the team’s works and analyses for the Catherine Bond brand’s benefit, and particular limitations that our team has faced during the research process. Besides, the anticipated date of the project’s final version is to be provided below. The Most Efficient Social Networks for Business Promotion There are many advantages and disadvantages to every social media platform for the fashion brand’s promotion. Nevertheless, such web-sources as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are more beneficial for our company than Instagram, Reddit, and LinkedIn because our competitors do not use these sources within their campaigns. There are multiple reasons why the latter resources are less productive (Tuten and Solomon, 104). The most important one is that interaction with the brand’s customers is not as convenient as it is on Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. Social Media Used and Considered by Our Team Such web-sources as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter are the most popular social networks, among many others. Moreover, Catherine Bond’s competitors have more subscribers on these platforms, which means that there are more potential clients and interested audience (Lee 186). Nevertheless, we preferred to use Twitter because its hashtags are very practical for a company to develop and for users to surf. Moreover, Twitter’s creators say that this platform is very applicable for small businesses (Bleier and Eisenbeiss, 395). Our team considered using YouTube, but it requires a lot of investment and many other resources that our company cannot afford yet. Implications of the Team’s Discoveries After analyzing the most popular and efficient social media resources, our team is to launch the social media campaign, which requires the following steps:   * Creating a business profile on Twitter   * It is attracting new followers that may become potential clients or might share our information on their profiles.   * It is creating interesting content that would make the brand trustworthy and reliable among its clients.   * Demonstrate the company’s products to increase the number of orders and inform the followers of our achievements in business. Another option that might be beneficial for our company is paying popular bloggers for the brand’s production advertising, which will make our business more popular among the purposive audience. Limitations and Barriers on the Way to a Perfect Twitter Profile There are some limitations that our team has to overcome during the process of an attractive Twitter profile development:   * The social media campaign requires some professional skills in this sphere (Weller et al. 34). This issue
Introduction After a Homeland Presidential Directive, the agency embarked on the development of National Incident Control System (NIMS). It provided ways to effectively combat incidents while incorporating ICS without any regard to the size or complexity, location or cause (FEMA, 2006). NIMS NIMS is made up of several major components as explained below. Management and Command The standard command structures are as per three systems. Incident Command System provides means of coordinating, commanding and controlling situations of emergency. Multiagency Coordination System on the other hand defines the characteristics of operation of various organizations involved. Preparedness This includes a list of activities that ought to be done non-stop before an incident. This component involves planning and training, exercising standards of vetting personnel qualification and acquisition of equipment Management of Resources For efficient management of incidents, a system is needed for identification of resources available at all the different jurisdictions thus ensuring fast and unrestricted access. It also encompasses protocols of mobilization of resources and use of different teams from different jurisdictions. Communication and Information Management To ensure inter-agency support across various jurisdictions, NIMS requires the respective organization to verify that information management and information processes are interoperable. There is thus a standardized communication, proper management on collecting, analyzing and dissemination of information with proper sharing of information. Supporting Technologies To ensure continuous refinement of NIMS, technological systems will have to continually provide some services. These services include provision of systems of communication both data based and voice based. This is important more so in situations requiring unique technological capabilities. Ongoing Management and Maintenance The component is for establishing activity for providing directions for NIMS’ oversight. This means that it supports the continuous system enhancement. This is also possible over long periods of time. In addition, it also supports routine review. ICS ICS can be said to be a tactical level in NIMS. It’s majorly used to manage the scene of incident and also offer activities of support (Gil, 2005). Its 6 key components are: Command Unity I ndividuals in the control of an incident report to a one and only one specific supervisor. Conflicting orders from different supervisors is eliminated. Freelancing is thus prevented with an increase in accountability and improvement in information flow. Common terminology Previously, agencies developed their own protoc
Introduction With stiff competition in the global environment, companies and business organizations have been forced to redesign the organization structure to ensure that all the stakeholders are satisfied. Like customers, employees are valuable assets since they influence the success of an organization. It is the role of the top management to enrich jobs so as to satisfy the needs of the members of the core team or junior employees. The success of prominent companies such as Wal-Mart, Starbucks and Apple is attributed to their appropriate management styles which create good working environment. Consequently, this encourages junior level managers and the rest of employees to be responsible for all aspects of organization. The Objective of the Great Game of Life (GGOL) Program As indicated in the introductory part, an organization can develop and grow only if it has effective workforce. In the recent times, most organizations and companies have adopted cultures which focus on promoting growth and development of all employees. In the paradigm case, the top management has been striving to create and maintain operational excellence among employees. Prior the coming of Eitel, the company had 18 managers working in different plants. As a result, unhealthy internal competition occurred between them. Barely three months after he took over the post of CEO, Eitel redesigned the organizational structure which led to the birth of Great Game of Life (GGOL) program. The main objective of the program was to promote growth of every employee by inculcating the desire to make the right choices in life. Basing on his long term experience, Eitel believed that leaders are responsible for professional and personal growth. The program was meant to encourage the plant managers and other leaders at Simmons to focus on enhancing productivity as well as pursuing professional growth (Casciaro & Edmondson 2007a). Simmons should implement GGOL program Basically, the program was introduced to instill significant individual change amongst organizational leaders so as to revolutionize organizational culture which would facilitate implementation of defined business strategy. Before rolling out the program to other leaders of the organization, the top management visited Callaway Gardens in California to experience it. According to Casciaro and Edmondson (2007), the program was praised by the leaders who attended it. They believed that the program would create a trusting and productive culture for the entire company. Despite the advantages cited by the top management team, there are several issues and challenges that accompanied the implementation of the program. First and foremost, the managers of different plants did not favor the program on the premise that it would require total change in the organization structure and system. As such, it can be suggested that most of them opt to resign. When Eitel introduced the concept of 18 in one, the company lost a number of managers. This condition has detr
Beverage Industry analysis Pepsi Cola was established in the late 19 th century by Caleb Bradham, a druggist who invented the first Pepsi-Cola formula. Today, the company is divided into four main segments: PepsiCo Americas Beverages, PepsiCo Middle East and Africa, PepsiCo Europe, Pepsi Co Americas Foods. Currently, the company’s portfolio brands is made up of isotonic sports drinks, enhanced water, coffee drinks, carbonated soft drinks and ready-to-drink teas. Some of the popular brands produced by PepsiCo Americas Beverages are Propel, Aquafina water, Diet Pepsi, Sierra Mist, Tropicana juice drinks, Tropicana Season’s Best, Slice and Tropicana Twister (PepsiCo Family 2). The Coca-Cola Company and Pepsi Cola are among the biggest and most profitable firms in the world. The world head quarter of the Coca-Cola Company is located in Atlanta, Georgia while the head office of Pepsi Cola is in New York. The global operations of the two firms are as a result of the enormous investments they have made in their worldwide marketing strategies. Although both companies target the same market, their marketing policies are quite diverse (InfoRefuge 1). Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola have implemented several business strategies to maintain a competitive edge in the market. For example, the Coca-Cola FEMSA is a joint venture that seeks to implement multi-segmentation policies in the firm’s critical markets. The partnership also seeks to introduce pricing and packaging strategies via channel distribution and attaining operational competencies throughout the firm (Coca-Cola FEMSA 1). Coca-Cola and PEPSI are currently collabo
Introduction The topic of polygamy in Christianity is not straightforward, but it is practiced by various cultures. In the case study, the missionaries face the challenge of approaching polygamy among the Indian population they intend to baptize. After the preparations, the evangelical mission started with traveling to the Indian village, where missionaries gathered for a conference and fellowship. On the one hand, some members of the meeting stated that converted polygamists can be baptized. On the other hand, some missionaries disagreed with this idea, claiming that polygamy promotes adultery. To examine this case, it seems to be useful to refer to Scripture and academic sources. Main body When an evangelical work begins in a culture that is different from the one of the missionary, it is also critical to connect gospel, cross-cultural communication, and accommodation. As suggested by Howell and Paris, the customs and language of the local context should be taken into account while contextualizing Christian teachings for people. 1 This case study shows that the opponents of polygamy offered to leave only the first wife to make a person a professing Christian. Such a decision seems to be quite flexible as it pays attention to the Indian culture that allows having multiple wives. In Corinthians, Paul states: “because of the temptation to sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband” (Corinthians 7:2). This verse can be used as the main argument that declares the importance of monogamy since it prevents sexual immorality and strengthens relationships between a wife and husband. Some field personnel strongly disagreed with the suggestion to put away others but the first wife for baptizing. They rationally argued that it is not possible to undo multiple marriages, and the ministry needs to adjust to the local culture by accepting it. The Scripture contains the following words: “a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh” (Genesis 2:24). In this case, one flesh can be interpreted as the physical union, while spiritually, a person can be united with many people. More to the point, God calls to love others regardless of their nationality, which means that different cultures should be accepted and viewed as equally deserving the right to join Christianity. The key value of sharing love and recognition shapes the foundation for cultural anthropology from a Christian perspective. 2 It is important to encourage the local believers to express Christian faithfulness in a way that is consistent with their specific culture. Today, the Western and Northern hemispheres remain leaders in theological discussions as more educated, experienced, and influential actors. However, scholars and missionaries point to the changing impact of the West in the world of Ch
What are the four sources of stability of Saudi regime? Using the power of money Saudi Arabia has been one of the least affected nations by the continuous upheaval among the Arab states. The lack of peace and stability has indeed threatened to interfere with peace in the region. It is important to note Gause (2011) indicates that this may not necessarily be due to the fact that the country is immune to political, economic, and social forces causing crises in other Arab regimes. As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabia faces challenging socio-economic and political situations similar to other states in the region. However, one of the reasons for stability is the fact that rulers in Saudi Arabia use the power of money to buy loyalty (Gause, 2011). This has been achieved through payouts to employees, buying homes for its top-class citizens, and introducing unemployment benefits among others. These strategies have indeed acted as a means of lowering public anger and rage against daily challenges that they may be facing. Forming a well-trained army of loyalists Another source of stability comes from the deployment of loyal security forces like Special Forces, secret police, and police officers to curb uprisings (Gause, 2011). It is worth noting that the term “loyal” springs from how the due process of recruitment is executed. Usually, it is not done exclusively, but disproportionately from areas and tribes which are loyal to the regime. Mobilizing patronage networks in the regime Effective networking or networks in Saudi Arabia has been lauded as a major source of stability. The foundation of its political system rests on patronage and has been seen to flow from downwards right from the top through clans, tribes, business families to religious, sporting, and media institutions as well as among individuals (Gause, 2011). Of greatest importance among the aforementioned channels is the religious institution whereby Wahhabi clerics hold important positions of influence enough to condemn any form of demonstrations. A disunited group of reformers Another contributing factor to stability is the fact that many reform groups that can pressure the government for a change do not work in unity and the same purpose. This has been used to divide and rule the country in a much easier way since there is an overall lack of unity. Such groups include the Salafi Islamists and other women groups who offer petitions that do not carry much influence due to divisions created by different ideologies and opinions. So far, the various groups have been ruled with lots of ease with limited resistances. What could be the future sourc