ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The major changes taking place in the job market across the globe are pushing organizations and governments all over the U.S. and the U.K. to rethink their approaches to dealing with the workforce. Big and small organizations alike are compelled to apply policies that seek to create a good balance between work, family and social life. It is imperative that employers realize that their employees are people with a life away from work. The European Union for example, is encouraging the implementation of guidelines that benefit the organization while at the same allowing employees to meet deal with out of work responsibilities. Advances in technology are also forcing organizations to undergo radical transformations in the way they transact business. The recent global economic meltdown destabilized both employers and employees throwing all into panic and uncertainty of what the future holds. With reduced income and production going down, organizations were left with no option but to carry out massive lay offs. This frightening phenomenon led to the emergence of other challenges that are now pose new threats to the social settings within the community. Job insecurity for example, would raise alarm at home as families begin to worrying about how to make ends meet. This has seen an increased number of women taking full time employment to supplement husbands’ efforts to provide for families. Negatively, this has increased the rate of divorce and an upward surge of the number of children growing without parental guidance. In addressing this dilemma, most governments are struggling to create healthy work environments that are appealing to employees. Similarly, organizations are working hard to redesign human resource operations with clear intentions of retaining high caliber staff. Flexibility is increasingly becoming a preference for both employers and employees as both parties see work and private life as being inseparable. Most employers are now more concerned about their employees out of work problems are willingly to listen and make it easy for staff to create a balance. According to the EFILWC (2006), these issues are very critical to both the employees and the employers. This paper discusses stress and how it affects work and social life. It also examines how organizations can get flexible enough to create interesting work environments as they seek to maintain employees for longer periods. Stress in Organizations Stress Defined Many definitions exist to explain what stress is but generally, stress is defined as a response to some form of pressure or interruption. In the book by Cartwright & Cooper (1997), stress may lead to worry, nervousness or anxiety. Sources of Stress Stress may be the end result of working for very long hours and in poor conditions, having unhealthy work relationships, ambiguity in work roles, and stagnated career development or even non-work related cause. Some of the problems associated with stress are; loss of man hours as absenteeism becomes the order of the day, workers committing suicide, and alcoholism which may lead to even more serious
The writer of the Declaration of Independence has used various stylistic devices to bring out different messages in the text. These stylistic tools help shape the perception of the reader to agree with the writer. The writer has used antithesis, linguistic patterns, rhythm, and the use of a poem writing structure as stylistic devices to convince the reader that there is need to be united since all people are equal in the eyes of God. The use of rhythm in the Declaration of Independence is used with the intention of emphasizing the points the author is making. Rhythm is created in the text through repetition of phrases to bring out linguistic patterns. For example, the statement: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator” repeats a linguistic pattern. “That all men are created” and “that they are endowed” have the same linguistic pattern. The two parts have the same balance in terms of usage of verbs, nouns, articles, and adjectives. The text also takes approximately the same length of time to pronounce out loud. All these characteristics form a rhythm all through the text. The purpose of this rhythm in the text is to create a memorable pattern. This makes it much easier for the reader to remember the Declaration of Independence. Another stylistic aspect that has been used to change the perception of the reader of the Declaration of Independence is the use of antithesis. This stylistic device been used in various occasions all through the text. Antithesis is the comparison of two contrasting ideas in the same sentence. For example, the sentence: “…it becomes necessary for people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them…” uses antithesis. This statement hints out that people are supposed to be united, yet it has become very necessary for them to stand alone. The statement also shows the contrast that even though men feel independent by cutting the political ties that bring them together, they serve one God who has entitled all of them to live together. This is a unifying factor among the audience of the Declaration of Independence text. This is relevant in the text as it shows the reader that people are not different from one another, and that together they can achieve great things. The writer has written the Declaration of Independence like a poem. The use of this writing structure can be based on the fact that the writer wants the reader to believe
The controversy over whether capital punishment should be executed or eliminated has been of concern for many years. There are arguments that it is a source of discrimination as it is only implemented on more blacks than white. This is evidenced by the fact that there are many black people in prisons as compared to the whites. Therefore the argument lies on the distribution of the punishment and not the fairness of its implementation. As a matter of fact it is against the law to impose penalties unfairly on equally guilty or innocent individuals. And looking at the nature of capital punishment and its irreversibility, the above statement ought to be considered in detail. The sensitivity of this matter is the reason that capital punishment has not been included in the constitution hence barring its implementation. Other external forces such as Governor’s intervention or judicial reviews have also affected its execution. Therefore the fact that death ought to be a natural phenomenon it makes capital punishment be termed as a cruel act since death is cruelly forced by inflicting pain on the individual. Nevertheless, Ford gives various justifications for the execution of capital punishment in this paper. He terms it as a way of instilling justice in the society. This is on the basis that committers of crimes calling for capital punishment are barred from repeating the crimes as well as preventing those intending to indulge into such criminal offence. In the end, the society is bestowed with disciplined civilians hence safe for everyone. Ford argues that it would be better to eliminate one individual who is a danger to the society than putting the whole society at risk because of one individual. It is as a result of this that he concludes that Ford calls for the execution of capital punishment as a penalty in criminal offences.
What role do cultural differences play in this case? Specify which values are responsible for some of the virtual team problems and for the tension between Celestial and Voila Initially, most of the members in the Celestial’s Voila team were French nationals. Out of ten members, nine were French nationals while the other member was English . The team carried out business using French language only. The team had the duty of negotiating the terms and conditions for selling with Voila. One thing the team of ten did was the failure to neither create nor carry out global strategy. Instead, the team was engrossed in networking with key persons at Voila as well as with clients in Paris and Europe in general. The team was under the leadership of Henri Couture. Inferring from the composition of the initial team, business was carried out based on the French model which emphasized dependence on long-term , personal relationships and networking for carrying out business deals. In addition, the French model was emphatic on respect for the hierarchy in the company for easier communication and coordination . The American model, on the other hand, emphasized action-oriented approach and as such the Americans were practically focused on executing a task. To the Americans, company hierarchy was not as pronounced as it depended on company culture and prevailing conditions. Further, the French were so bureaucratic and restricted business to units. They were also not keen on treating their suppliers well; rudeness was extended to suppliers. However, they upheld the idea that all suppliers should be treated equally, regardless of stature. Complacency had also crept in the Voila team because to them, all was well yet the Americans believed there was room for improvement. The French were not ready for change, they were rigid. These differences in culture had their bearing on the business. Business based on personal relationships instead of value was bound to collapse if the key people like Couture left the job. Continuity would be affected as customers would look for other alternatives. Hierarchical attachment by the French and restricting business to units meant that members would not learn any more since members would learn routine and become rigid. Rudeness to suppliers implied loss of business constantly. Sticking to power and authority by the French and fear for the loss of the same featured too. Values that resulted in problems and tension between Celestial and Voila were: lack of respect for suppliers by Voila yet the Celestial valued respect. Secondly Voila were more stuck to bureaucracy while Celestial believed in working across the business without necessarily appealing to hierarchy. Celestial valued global strategies while Voila valued personal relationships to get business done. What typical problems of virtual teams can be seen in this case? In the case study, various problems which are inherent in virtual teams are exhibited. Key among them is mistrust. It is a pure case of mistrust that Voila had for the Celestial Voila new team in regard to restructuring of business operations. Resistance to change was another problem. The Vo
Introduction The Union Carbide Corporation is a very famous chemical company, and it has its base in the United States of America. This company harmed its reputation in 1984 when it got involved in the Bhopal disaster in India. This disaster involved the leakage of hazardous gases which led to the immediate death of 30,000 people and then subsequent deaths totaled to 20,000. The Indian Government and UCC both owned the Indian subsidy which operated the Bhopal plant. But when this disaster struck, many cases were filed just against the UCC, forcing them to pay huge amounts of compensations in funds and otherwise. The company even had to sell its shares in India and leave the vicinity. The company did a lot for the suffering after the disaster struck and has long-term plans for the future as well in the shape of a Responsible Care System. Company Background Union Carbide Corporation is also known as Union Carbide at times, is proficient at manufacturing chemicals and polymers. It is the United States-based and one of the oldest there, having a human resource base of almost 3800. The company was very well known in the United States and generated sufficient revenue to be labeled a successful company. (Matten, 2008). The company came into being in the 1920s when its researchers hit onto something very unique and economical. They came up with the economical way to make ethylene from natural gas, which was actually the initiation of the modern petrochemicals industry which is seen nowadays. Over time, Union Carbide has heavily invested in its research and development and today it stands in a very competitive edge over other similar companies in the industry. Just stating one instance of such a competitive edge, Union Carbide is the proud owner of some of the industry’s most advanced, modern, and state of the art processes as well as technologies that support these processes. Even the catalyst technologies, which are the important components in speeding up this process, are under Union Carbide. Moreover, it also deals with economies of scale whenever it is doing any sort of production, thereby bringing its manufacturing to the large scale and low-cost production zone. The company went through divestiture and thus had to sell off major products that it owned, namely Eveready and Energizer Batteries, Glad bags and wraps, Simoniz car wax, and Prestone antifreeze. These products, especially Eveready and Energizer Batteries, show the caliber that Union Carbide had in the chemical industry. It can also be regarded as one of the very famous in the world because it was a major company in the top-most economies of the world that is the United States. (Driesen, 2003). On February 6, 2001, Union Carbide became a subsidiary of the renowned company The Dow Chemical Company (TDCC) and which is also wholly owned, and thus, this brought a major change in
Statement of the Problem Bullying at school is a persistent problem that has been around for centuries, taking different shapes and forms. It is a wide range of systematic aggressive actions and behaviors, both verbal and non-verbal, that target a specific person with the purpose of diminishing their worth, undermining their social standing, and hurting them (Wolke & Lereya, 2015). As Wolke & Lereya (2015) explain, bullying has been found in all types of societies: from the modern hunter-gatherer to the most developed ones. Bullying is the most common type of abuse experienced by children and teenagers: its prevalence surpasses the rates of abuse by parents and other adults. Wolke & Lereya (2015) report that one in three children has been abused at least in their lives. 10-14% of children have been subject to chronic bullying lasting over six months. These statistics imply that the problem is pervasive, which calls for more research and investigation. The question might arise as to exactly why bullying happens and whether mental disorders cause people to behave in ways that are harmful to others. Wolke and Lereya (2015) write that bullying might as well be emotional mechanism that helps the bully to improve their social standing by attacking someone who is not able to participate. Bullies are aggressive and prosocial: they position themselves as powerful and at the same time integral to the group (Wolke & Lereya, 2015). Therefore, it is safe to assume that no social group is truly immune to bullying, which motivates the need to study the problem further. Bullying has long been a cause for concern for parents and educators. Not only does it harm a victim at the moment of occurence, but it also has lingering effects that can decrease a person’s quality of life in the long run (Wolke & Lereya, 2015). Wolke and Lereya (2015) argue that the problem is that the majority of studies on bullying are cross-sectional and only use follow-ups after a short period of time. Thus, the knowledge gap remains: long term effects of bullying have yet to be pinpointed. Literature Review Bullying is an umbrella term for a multitude of harmful behaviors. Given how difficult it is sometimes to identify and detect bullying, it is only reasonable to discuss its various forms that entail both direct and indirect expression of aggression. Rosen, Deornellas, and Scott (2016) provide a comprehensive frame of reference covering the most common types of bullying:  1. physical bullying occurs when individuals use physical actions to overpower, humiliate, and hurt another human being. Physical bullying involves but is not limited to kicking, punching, slapping, pinching, hitting, and other physical assaults. This type of bullying is probably the easiest to recognize, which makes a great number of people think that it is the only “real” form;  2. verbal bullying refers to situations when perpetrators use words, statements, and name-calling to do harm. Even though verbal bullying does not cause physical injuries, it still leads to lingering negative effects in terms of mental health and emotiona
Organizations Selected While a time-consuming and complicated procedure, curriculum articulation and alignment are nevertheless essential to ensure students’ progress within the educational system. Articulation, or alignment of standards, expectations, programs, and courses at high school and university levels, is vital for improving higher education, as it affects affordability, efficiency, and productivity of both high schools and universities. A successful alignment plan would require collaboration and cooperation of education managers, teachers, and regulators (Dortch, 2012). Consequently, the present paper looks at the progress of students from high school to higher education to determine an appropriate improvement plan. Analysis of Curriculum Articulation and Alignment Effective communication between high schools and higher education institutions is essential to the success of their students, as it improves student graduation rate by making the transition from school to college smoother for them. Currently, high schools located in the same region can interact with each other as to align and share instructional strategies, resources, and rubrics. This practice ensures that students get a uniform education and develop the same abilities and skills, regardless of which school they attend. Since high schools are organized based on their geographic proximity and colleges are grouped together with their feeder high schools, there is a lot of potential for cooperation. Thus, a strategy of sharing should be adopted to align the needs of high schools and higher education establishments, as it increases students’ chances of success (Dortch, 2012). In many cases, being underprepared in the high school academic context is a strong indicator
Abu Dhabi Health Authority, also referred to HAAD (Health Authority – Abu Dhabi), aims to regulate health practices in Abu Dhabi. The HAAD official web page states that HAAD also has to ensure that proper, affordable and high-quality health care for all citizens of the Emirates region of Abu Dhabi. In order to achieve this, the organisation has to craft and design a suitable strategy, or strategies. The company policy generally arises from the company’s mission and vision statements. Apart from these, the company also needs performance management systems that allow the managers to evaluate their projects. This essay discusses the contribution of performance management systems to achieve the overall organisational goals. The performance management systems normally remind the staff of the things they are supposed to value. The measures take note of the company values, mission statement, vision and strategy in order to make a scale for the evaluation. Goel (2008) defines performance management systems as ways of measuring and evaluating the successes and failures of an organisation. There are numerous ways of evaluating a company and its projects. In many organisations, this task is left to the monitoring and evaluating department. However, it suffices to mention that each department can and should, be measured from time to time. The first way in which performance measurement systems help attain company goals is through enhancing employee performance. As mentioned, there are numerous ways of evaluating performance. Harvard Business School Press (2009) asserts that employees often reward their employees in order to motivate them to perform better. Performance measurement systems allow the employees to find out which employee worked best, in order to rightfully reward the involved. In addition to this, ensuring that performance management systems work efficiently and without bias allows the company to know which employees are dragging their feet. In turn, important decisions on hiring and firing can be made. Performance measurement systems also motivate the employees to work better. For instance, if a company introduces a performance measurement technique, the employees will be somewhat forced to improve their performance levels. In fact, as Attorney (2007) observes, many employees are of the opinion that performance appraisals are meant to determine the people who will be fired. To some extent, the employees are scared of losing their jobs, so they work better. The hard and improved performance level help the company achieve some of its goals. In addition to this, performance measurement systems also help the company in restricting their projects. There are performanc
Hello Scot, I am very glad that you have been following the occurrences in our country. Things here are pretty hot, especially because Florida was one of the very first seven states to secede. Federal troops are all over the place, and many important services are not accessible. However, what many people did not know, and I believe you also do not know, is that this fallout was long overdue. The antagonism between the confederacy and the federal government has existed since the 1700s. What you see today is only an eruption of the antagonism. I also understand that people only blame one reason for this fallout, the fight against slavery. However, there are other factors that include state rights, economic differences between the North and the South, the expansion of the abolition movement and the election of Lincoln. 1 I will try to explain each of these factors as precisely as possible. Firstly, the problem began as early as 1793, just after the discovery cotton processing machines. 2 The popularity of the machines has been growing over time in the South, leading to the need to invest in cotton plantations due to the ease of separating cotton and its seeds. These plantations necessitated the use of slaves as laborers. On the other hand, the Northerners preferred industrialization: they put all their efforts in developing industries. 3 Their industries have employed both blacks and whites, leading to an inclusive culture, which is not the case in the South. Similarly, the industries have led to serious economic and social differences between the North and the South: the economy in the North has been improving while that of the South has been deteriorating. The overall implication of this difference is the agitation for the abolition of slavery by the Northerners and a stout defense of slavery in the South. The second factor that contributed to the division between the North and the South is the tussle for state and federal rights. Immediately after the success of the American Revolution, our founding fathers formed a federal government and a confederation of state governments to support it. 4 A few years later, people such as Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and John C. Calhoun began agitating for the autonomy of the states. 5 On the other hand, the Northerners agitated for the supremacy of the federal government. Over time, the North has maintained its support for the supremacy of the federal government while the South still agitates for state rights. Some problems after the revolution exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Therefore, the leaders had to congregate and develop the US Constitution, which ignored the need for state rights. The Southerners felt neglected and demanded the power to nullify some federal acts, which also did not work. Consequently, they began agitating for secession. Thirdly, the growth of the abolition movement also contr