ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Innovations, such as AI have a strong potential to enhance contemporary society. Advances in these technologies create the basis for critical applications in manufacturing, promoting future opportunities in manufacturing systems and ultimately challenging traditional conceptions of manufacturing operations in society. There is an increasing debate on the role of artificial intelligence technologies in critical processes, which clashes with the human oversight role. The effectiveness of human decision-making might depend on numerous factors, such as alcohol, current motivations, education, criminal history, and motives. That is why advocates of AI emphasize its ability to resolve issues being free from subjective judgments. The application of such technology has a significant contribution to manufacturing operating systems. Background There are many ways in which technology can improve manufacturing. It helps to resolve such issues as unskilled or a lack of skilled workforce, security of data, supply chain, autonomous monitoring, managing factory from a phone, remote access to experts, predictive maintenance, better product lifecycles, quality inspection, and generative designs (Li et al., 2017). However, the sphere of technology is very versatile as many tools exist to resolve the abovementioned issues. In terms of artificial intelligence, the scope of improvements is narrowed down to the following: optimizing the supply chain, autonomous monitoring machines, predictive maintenance, quality inspection, and generative designs. The application of artificial intelligence to manufacturing processes has reduced the time and resources spent on certain operations. Artificial intelligence can save costs on staff and improve operational cycles by eliminating mistakes related to human fatigue. Competition in the industrial sector is stiff, necessitating manufacturers to produce high-quality items while also reducing wastage. In particular, applying AI to lean manufacturing principles is crucial to realizing effective and efficient productivity (Li et al., 2017). Manufacturing is a process that runs from the assembly of raw materials, inserting essential components, testing, final assembly, final test, and packaging (Li et al., 2017). The production of any final product is curtailed by a set of wastage that needs addressing. Figure 1. Application of AI in Manufacturing. Problems Artificial Intelligence in Lean Manufacturing First, there is a wastage of time in terms of cycle time that is below the takt time (Cuesta et al., 2019). Cycle time refers to the time taken to make each unit, and particularly t
Introduction There are many ways for people to improve their health, stabilize vital signs, and control or prevent diseases and complications. Vitamins turn out to be a good source of natural help, and it is necessary to know about their functions, mechanisms of actions, and sources. Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that contributes to blood cell formation, the work of the nervous system, and metabolism (Ritter et al. 338). In other words, to function properly, the body needs of vitamin B12 that can be obtained from meat, fish, and different dairy products. In this research paper, special attention will be paid to vitamin B12, its mechanism of action, administration, and sources in order to identify possible risks and benefits associated with this substance. Mechanism of Action and Administration Vitamin B12 is characterized by a number of positive qualities and outcomes for human health. The recommended dose of vitamin B12 for humans is 2-3 mg per day (Ritter et al. 338). There are two major chemical reactions that may be provoked by this vitamin. The first reaction includes the conversion of methyl-FH 4 to FH 4 due to its metabolic activities and relation to DNA synthesis. Vitamin B12 lowers the level of plasma homocysteine concentration and predicts unpleasant vascular effects (Ritter et al. 338). This vitamin becomes a methyl donor for the body, and its deficiency may result in depleting the folate polyglutamate enzymes that play a crucial role in DNA synthesis. Ritter et al. also identified another mechanism of action that is connected to the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA (338). This process contributes to converting propionate to succinate and the possibility of cholesterol and other fatty acids to produce more energy. Due to its malabsorption, injections are recommended as the best administration method. As a rule, no unwanted or harmful effects are observed in patients, and long-term therapy with vitamin B12 is prescribed. Sources Animals are the major sources for vitamin B12 synthesis, and plants are not appropriate for this procedure. The meat (particularly, liver), eggs, and milk of such animals like cows or sheep turn out to be good sources of this substance (Watanabe and Bito 148). These animals are herbivores, meaning that they eat plants (e.g., grass) that is free of B12. In their stomachs, there are several chambers with a number of microorganisms, and one of them is B12-synthesizing bacteria (Watanabe and Bito 149). As soon as vitamin B12 is absorbed, it is transferred into the blood and saved in the liver, animal muscles, or milk (Watanabe and Bito 149). Finally, B12 can be present in dietary supplements, medications, and natural food. Risks and Benefits As a part of a large vitamin group, B12 has its strong and weak aspects. For example, it aims at converting energy from food and stabilizes the work of the body. Increased blood circulation, the formation of DNA, and prevention of brain atrophy are three more positiv
Healthy People 2020 is a USA national agenda that communicates a vision of improving the health of Americans concerning the Nation’s Health Goals. It was established in 1979 by the United States Department of Health and Human Services to develop mechanisms for increasing quality of life and bringing awareness and understanding. Its framework covers over 1200 objectives relating to key public health areas ( Comprehensive laboratory services survey summary data report, 2016 ). Primary goals are set every decade to work out effective plans on the implementation of modern healthcare strategies in the activities of American health organizations and services. Since the establishment of the initiative, significant progress has been tracked in improving health and well-being in the USA. As a new health educator, I plan to consider strategies formulated by Healthy People 2020 in setting the curriculum guidelines for students. A better understanding of problems emerging in the healthcare sphere may be achieved by analysis of recent researches conducted within its framework. Additionally, I may use online tools and resources established by Healthy People 2020 to raise public awareness concerning health issues. These resources are described in more detail below in this paper. The evidence-Based Resources database available on the Healthy People official site provides a wide range of materials derived from surveys and researches conducted in the sphere of health care since 2000. Therefore, it may be used by health educators as a source of credible data needed to develop an objective vision of a current situation in the public health area. All materials are easily accessible which allows us to use them in the educational process ( Who’s leading the leading health indicators? 2019). Interactive Data Search Tool helps to find publications on a specific topic using different filters, such as topic area, year of publication, or data source. These publications may be used as sources for research projects and papers. Healthy People eLearning platform helps students and health educators to get access to case studies on a broad range of healthcare issues. Also, during the study process, public health educators can use the archive of webinars and video lessons available on the site as well as materials from events organized by Healthy People ( Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators: Progress update, 2019) . Regularly, Healthy People presents infographics demonstrating progress achieved toward the accomplishment of its plans and strategies. Healthy People strives to maximize innovative collaboration between different private and public agencies to combine efforts in assessing the needs of the community. With this regard, public health educators may encourage people to participate in initiatives supported by Healthy People ( Comprehensive laboratory services survey summary data report , 2016). A program for effective interventions (MAP-IT) was
Introduction The increasing globalization and related financial crises issues have forced governments to seek alternative ways of funding their projects including infrastructure development and delivering of public services. Prior studies have demonstrated an increase in privatization of public services for the past few decades. In developed economies, public sectors have increasingly engaged in contracts and partnership deals with private sectors in a bid to counter the financial issues. Through legal government agreements, the private sector continues to provide public services. However, despite the increased efficacy in service provision, sometimes private sector’s operations remain questionable. For instance, the UK, the Malaysian, China, Vietnam, and Tunisian governments have been in the forefront in accepting privatization of public procurement department as one way of enhancing innovations within the public sector management. However, the services offered by the private sector remain questionable in the public limelight, thus leading to increased public debates. Therefore, this essay examines issues surrounding Private Finance Initiatives and the public sector in the United Kingdom, Middle East, Asia, and Africa. Overview of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) PFI is a common term used in the United Kingdom and Australia to denote Private Finance Initiatives operating within the UK and Australian governments. In the UK where the issue has been controversial, the PFI initiative emerged through the British Conservative government efforts in the year 1992, with a major aim of encouraging other UK-based private sectors to increase their participation in developing public sector projects. In Africa, the Middle East, and China, PFI is in its infant stages under the watch of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Currently, in the UK, China, Egypt, Turkey, and Tunisia, PFI is responsible, for providing major public services including development of national infrastructure (schools, hospitals, roads, and rail) and other related public services. PFI’s primary role is to provide substitute-financing techniques to public infrastructure projects. Concerning service provision, Special Purpose Vehicle commonly dubbed as SPV is responsible for financing infrastructural projects. SPV provides financing debts in the form of bonds or debts used to cater to the establishment, refurbishment, operation, and maintenance of the projects. After the successful completion of projects, the government starts to lend money in the form of unitary charge to the SPV Company to make payments to the concerned companies on behalf of the government under the condition that all services provided by the company will meet the desired degree. Potential benefits of PFI Since the introduction of the PFI into the British governance system and in some countries in the Middle East and North Africa, several changes have occurred in the provision of public services and in the development of infrastructure. Research conducted by Corner in 2
Introduction The need to improve the quality of healthcare and enhance patient safety lead to the establishment of the Association of Accreditation of Ambulatory Health Care (AAAHC) in 1979. AAAHC is one of the key organizations in the United States that contributes to the achievement of managed care. Based on the support it has received from major healthcare organizations in the United States, AAAHC has become an accreditor of thousands of healthcare organizations in the United States and across the world (AAAHC, 2010). As the leading accreditor, this essay seeks to examine its purpose, impact on patients, the process of accreditation, key standards and their validity, and publication of surveys, as well as their importance to patients. The Purpose of Accreditation The primary purpose of accreditation performed by AAAHC is to improve the quality of healthcare services and the safety of patients in ambulatory centers. To achieve its purpose, AAAHC identifies, evaluates, reviews standards, and recommends evidence-based practices, which are critical in the delivery of healthcare to achieve quality outcomes and guarantee patient safety (AAAHC, 2010). Through its surveys, which are voluntary and consultative, AAAHC advises and accredits healthcare organizations. Owing to its diversity of healthcare professionals, AAAHC amasses its wealth of knowledge, experience, and resources and uses them in the development of updated standards. AAAHC also uses robust expertise in educating and training healthcare professionals to provide quality care and assure patient safety. Quality of Care The process of accreditation has enhanced the quality of care that patients receive from healthcare organizations because AAAHC reviews standards and recommend evidence-based practices. Accredited healthcare organizations provide the best care and assure the safety of patients because they adhere to strictest standards, apply evidence-based practices, and employ robust expertise. Recommendations by AAAHC have improved the quality of care in ambulatory surgery centers as indicated by enhanced patient outcomes and safety. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recognizes AAAHC as a reliable accreditor since it meets all conditions for coverage in ambulatory surgery centers. AAAHC improves quality of care by coordinating management, providing preventive care, improving access to care, offering quality services, reducing adverse events, and decreasing costs ( AAAHC ROI survey, 2018). Hospitals that have achieved the accreditation provide quality care and generate better outcomes than uncredited ones. P
Communication is the way of people’s interconnection in the modern world. The problem of communication is sharply presented in the relations between managers and stuff. The problem is that people are different and to organize communication between different people is much difficult as people have various characteristic features and it is the responsibility of the managerial staff to find the approaches to different people and to set up the correct relations in the collective. Furthermore, school area is rather specific and to create the corresponding communication in the area is twice complex. The main problem in the school atmosphere is dictated by the specifics of the department, as school area is not the business corporation, where people may be made obey, the school is the place where the work with people is provided and these people should be the mode for behavior for children. The head of the school should try to understand the types of people’s character and to provide the communication with them on special terms. People of different features have used to react on different situations either aggressive, or friendly, so the good manager should find the ways to the person in order to avoid negative reaction. Typology of personality is one of the main criteria according to which the communication should be provided. There are some types of people, the communication with which may be easily organized. These people are easygoing, open for others and like to cope with people. The communication may be easily constructed with them, as they may come to compromise. The opposite type of people is the aggressive, those who never listen to others, who never take into account the other opinions. A good manager is eager to cope with all of these types and make the communication at the work easy and productive. The importance of friendly and good communication at school is dictated by the very specific organization. School is the place where teachers show the example to the students, and misunderstanding and inability to come to terms may provide with bad example the students of school. It has been proved, that communication should be based on the ethical rules, which are created to make the communication within the collective balanced and positively directed (West & Turner, 2008). There is the opposite consideration, which states that coming to the collective, people should be made to obey the principles of the excising communication and to leave back their principles (Malandro, 2003). This opinion should be contradicted, as, first, new people may bring the new ideas and the new principles which may better fit the structural organization, and, second, school is the place where the staff is the model for all students an
As soon as human needs and problems take place, there is a burning necessity to develop as many human services professions as possible. People, who are involved in this sphere of life, have to analyze human rights violations, solve the existing social problems, and meet personal needs in regards to the current ethical standards (National Organization for Human Services, n.d.). A number of decision-making and problem-solving processes depend on the way of how people are able to understand and overcome the challenges that may take place on national and international levels (Homan, 2016). For example, the attempt to solve HIV/AIDS problems among the citizens of South Africa and improve the quality of human services has been made. Such activity was challenged nationally and internationally. The reports made within the frames of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (Bobby & Urofsky, 2008) show that many countries are not ready for conducting accreditations at the international level. Such challenge is explained by poor educational systems and the inabilities to consider the accrediting standards. The countries are weak in the international arena because its citizens do not find it necessary to pay more attention to the details of an educational process. They suffer from poor professional recognition of human services professions. In other words, the government is not able to cope with a number of people, who have to be properly educated and informed. All these problems lead to the development of one significant international challenge: the growth of population and the necessity to create appropriate living conditions at the expense of other living aspects (Gray, 2005). It is important to address this challenge because of its scope and impossibility to solve it with a help of several strategies and activities. It is not enough and even
Cyber Terrorism Plan: First of all, my main objective is to force the US government to stop military action against Iraq and Afghanistan through this cyber attack. I will try to achieve these objectives by hitting the official website of the Pentagon and Department of Defense (DoD) Global Information Grid, through cyber attacking tools. First I will use sniffers for a few days to sense and steal the secrete information like passwords and IDs floating on the network. I will also consult some expert hackers over the Internet and try to capitalize on their experience and will learn some latest hacking techniques. I will also consult previous cases of hacking and try to figure out their plans and the cause of failures if any. After obtaining this information, I will attempt to hack the main control systems and servers, download the confidential information and upload the logic bombs. These bombs will trigger and explode when the users of the system click some specific files and the whole information on the connected servers and hard drives will be corrupted. After that, I will slow down the network by attacking the website by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) (Curran, Concannon, & McKeever, 2008) attack and will clutter the e-mail boxes with hundreds of thousands of unwanted e-mail through e-mail spoofing. Logic bombs will corrupt the integrity and confidentiality of highly valuable information and DDoS attack will block the availability of information both to internal users and the general public. This attack will be so powerful that a long time will be needed to rectify the problems and completely restore the system. When anyone tries to access the file either on the desktop computers in the Pentagon or on its website from anywhere on the Internet, there will be a single message displayed “NO MORE BLOOD SHED. STOP THE
Introduction Carbohydrates present the main and easily accessible source of energy for the human body. Fructose is a monosaccharide that is part of sucrose. This nutrient ensures such functions as energy and glycogen production and fat storage. The research shows that despite such beneficial functions, the excess of fructose may cause overweight and obesity (Tappy & Lê, 2010). This nutrient was selected due to its great importance for the human body as well as its potential about the rapidly growing obesity rates worldwide. Background Fructose is one of the most common carbohydrates contained in fruits. Unlike glucose, it can penetrate from the blood into the cells of the tissues without the participation of insulin – a hormone that lowers the blood glucose level. For this reason, fructose is recommended as the safest source of carbohydrates for people with diabetes. Among the key roles and functions of this nutrient, one may note the participation in brain nutrition, the balance of the sugar level, the formation of glycogen, musculature support, and so on (White, 2013). The deficiency of fructose in the human body is usually expressed in apathy, irritability, and sadness for no apparent reason that may lead to depression and the decrease of natural energy. On the contrary, the symptoms and consequences of an excess of fructose involve overweight and obesity as well as the inability to control one’s eating patterns. People with diabetes and those who intake large amounts of the mentioned nutrient are at a high risk of its excess and adverse impact. The deficit of fructose may be experienced by people with fructose malabsorption and intolerance. Taking into account the increased consumption of fructose-containing sugar across the world, the above population should be timely diagnosed and prescribed a fructose-restricted diet (White, 2013). However, there is no specific population, for which the given nutrient is especially significant since it is important for every person. The sources of fructose are cherry, banana, mango, grapefruit, pickled onion, grape, apple, etc., while some medicine is also available. Review and Discussion of Current Research The thorough review of the existing scholarly literature shows that the attitudes of researchers regarding the use of fructose are ambiguous. On the one hand, van Buul, Tappy, and Brouns (2014) believe that fructose is rather functional, since it prevents the development of caries and plaque, does not load the pancreas, and is also much sweeter than sugar. On the other hand, Tappy and Lê (2010) argue that it promotes obesity and causes the development of gout. However, all of them are unanimous in the fact that fructose contained in various fruits and vegetables and used in adequate amounts cannot bring the body anything but benefit. It seems essential to consider both opinions in detail. As for the positive side of the increased intake of fructose, one may mention that it stabilizes the level of sugar in the blood and it is absorbed basically without insulin serving as an effective sweetener for patients suffering from diabetes. The average daily dose for people with