ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The first video I would like to talk about is “How to Brief a Case”. From this video, I have learned about the meaning of briefing a case, how it should be done, and what is its goal. I have learned that it is an important part of the introductory process in understanding case laws. Its focus should not be on mastering the case completely, but to learn how the rule of law was applied in the particular case and how to use this knowledge in my future practices. The briefing would allow a student to be prepared for the professor’s calls and provide a better engagement during class time, which allows achieving better grades. With more knowledge, it is possible to switch from writing a separate paper about the case to simply writing the keynotes on the margins of the book. To master case briefing is to be able to articulate the rule statement after reading case law. The second video I would like to review is “Chasing Zero: Winning the War on Healthcare Harm”. This documentary film discusses the preventable harm done in hospitals. The point of this video was to convey the fact that nowadays it is possible to consider mistakes done in hospitals not as an inevitable part of the healthcare system, but as an unacceptable option. In the past, there were cases in which medical personnel was punished for malpractice, however, the fault was in the system, and their errors were the result of these flaws. It led to a certain fear for speaking out loud about the issue and some hospitals went in denial about the reduced quality of care. There is a certain need for the decriminalization of human errors to improve the healthcare system. A hospital views itself as a business and has to protect itself when liability is involved. hospital lawyers should not get involved only to manage risks after the incident, instead, they should do everything they can to right the situation. Patients are to become advocates of their own health and hold hospitals accountable. Thanks to the efforts of the National Quality Forum, there is a distinctive set of safe practices, technologies that help to prevent human errors, and enough finances to modernize the system.
The conceptual models contain values that underlie nursing, views on health, roles, functions, tasks, and ways to determine patients’ needs. An effective nursing model should be focused not only on illness but also on a person (Lim-Saco, 2019). It must pay attention to maintaining human health, improving the quality of life, and solving problems related to the health of a person, family, groups of people, and the whole society. The Theory of Integral Nursing is a holistic worldview that includes all aspects of human existence: spiritual, intellectual, emotional, physiological, and social. Using a personalized approach that takes into account the patient’s unique internal and external factors, this theory offers the most appropriate methodology (Smith & Parker, 2015). This model can benefit society since it aims at restoring and supporting health and wellness throughout a person’s life. It considers all factors that affect health, including body, mind, spirit, and community. The advantage is given to effective, more natural, and less invasive therapies. Along with the treatment concept, the concepts of health promotion and disease prevention are of great importance (Smith & Parker, 2015). With an increased integral awareness and a holistic worldview, nurses who practice this theory have new opportunities and ways to strengthen their abilities. The Theory of Modeling and Role Modeling in nursing focuses on the client’s needs and respects the uniqueness
The products of arts cannot be perceived as self-sufficient entities occurring by themselves. In that matter, the artists is a product in itself, being developed under certain influences, which are dictated by many factors. These factors can be seen through the historical periods, the impact of other artists, surroundings, cultural settings and others. Accordingly, all of the aforementioned can create a context for the art product to be created as it is. This paper analyzes the statement that art is a product of context, according to three works of art, which are “Ariadne Asleep on the Island of Naxos” (1809-1814)by John Vanderlyn, “Madame X (1884) by John Singer Sargent, and Inside “Red Canna” (1919) by Georgia O’Keeffe. The main point of context’s influence can be seen through belonging to specific style or art movement. In that regard, Vanderlyn was a neoclassicist, and in that regard, being taught at neoclassical painter Francois-André Vincent (“John Vanderlyn”), it can be assumed that he was influenced by his work. Accordingly, Sargent and O’Keeffe, not being distinguished by the prevalence of a certain style, were also influenced during their career, where in the case of O’Keeffe, it was Arthur Wesley Dow, while the influence on Sargent included Carolus-Duran (“John Singer Sargent; Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts & Crafts”). In that regard, it can be seen that the influence of each style, movement or artists has a distinguishable mark on the works of the aforementioned artist. In the picture of Ariadne, the main influence was in the selection of nudes theme, starting with copies of works of classical artists, such as Correggio’s Antiope and Leda and the Swan by Correggio, Ariadne was an original composition of a classicized female nude (“John Vanderlyn”). The influence of Arthur Wesley Dow, who developed a personal style distinguished by “simplification of colorful forms that read as flat shapes on the two-dimensional surface” (“Arthur Wesley Dow and American Arts & Crafts”). In that regard, analyzing the context of Dow’s influence, it can be seen that “Inside Red Canna” is a typical representative of his developed style, i.e. simple, colorful flat shapes on a flat surface. The fact that putting the quoted description of Dow’s style as a caption under O’Keeffe’s “Inside Red Canna” will not change the way the painting is perceived, is a perfect example of Dow’s influence. Sargent studied in Paris under the guidance of Carolus-Duran, the influence of which can be seen through excerpts of his teaching method such as “The model was posed… always in full light, without shadow effect, and against a strongly-coloured background”; ”seek first of all for absolute truth of tone and colour, and getting this truth in the simplest and most obvious way” (Gurney). In that regard, Madame X is an obvious example of such method, where the pale tone of the model’s skin was the basis of the drawing, no shadow effect, and against a strong s
Mao’s intention towards the Great Leap Forward was to establish at once a complete system of proletarian ideology and a new social system. It proved both Mao’s compliance to experimentation and his belief in common Chinese People. Mao certainly determined the strategy and tactics of the Chinese Revolution under the leadership of the proletarian party, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He definitely laid down that the Chinese Communist Party should accomplish first the New Democratic Revolution (NDR) since China was then still a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country with a small number of working class but a vast number of peasants. His vision was that NDR must be led by the proletariats but the peasants should certainly be the main force. Mao actually visualized declassing and transforming the whole country into a working class of bountiful production where people will eat as much as they want (Becker, 1996, page 80) and in free of cost. Mao envisioned that the peasants would certainly be the main force in the revolution of the productive system. China, under the leadership of Mao, thought that the country was on the threshold of creating a Communist society, in which all people would work together to make the country-land productive and totally self-sufficient. To start with, Mao Tse-tung launched the Hundred Flowers Campaign (Bai Hua Yun Dong) in 1956 to prevail the support of Chinese intellectuals by calling for their active participation in Chinese Communist Party (CCP); Hundred Flowers Campaign encouraged Chinese intellectuals to exchange their constructive criticism of the policies taken by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). However, in August 1958 (Cheek, 2002, page 160), Mao proclaimed the vision of the Great Leap Forward at the eve of Beidaihe Conference. All Chinese were called to engage in physical labor to sow the seeds of the communist revolution by transforming the economy, so skillfully that the later bloomed and flourished as natural phenomenon. In order to increase agricultural production, millions of people were engaged in land reclamation and construction of irrigation systems. To exceed the West in industrial output, 20,000 self-sufficient “people’s communes” were established (Becker, 1996, page 73) to overtake England in the production of major products. The special economic an
Organization design and development is one of the domains of knowledge that are related to the theory and practice of organizational change. Nowadays, many researchers regard this field of knowledge as a single entity, considering that these two aspects of organizational life are closely interconnected. Considering the key values that form the basis of the domain, the contribution of organization design and development to organizational life is difficult to be overstated. The question of the historical and theoretical basis of organization design and development remains extremely important as modern researchers tend to utilize two opposite approaches when discussing the field. Thus, some of them see the field as an entity whereas others claim that the nature of each aspect should be analyzed separately. For instance, Morrison (2013) supposes that the approaches used in the United States and Europe to understand the interconnection between organization development and organization design are extremely different. The second approach, the author states, tends to see these elements as unequal. Consequently, the common practices utilized in these regions are not the same. Organization development is known as the study of possible changes capable of improving the positions of organizations. Among the most important theoretical concepts that form the basis of OD, there are values outlined by Raja and Margulies in the 1970s (Lyon et al. 2017). They include the prohibition to treat people as resources and the necessity to encourage employees to unlock their potential. Apart from that, the requirements indicated include the use of a goal-oriented approach and various practices helping to create the appropriate working environment. Speaking about other important tasks that are believed to lie at the basis of organization development studies, they include improving interpersonal relationships and the teamwork of individuals working together and reduce the number of work-related conflicts. At the same time, the field of organizational development is strictly interconnected with the notion of employee happiness as the latter has a strong impact on work productivity. Another important task that organization development studies are supposed to fulfill is the creation of a system that would be able to regulate and renew itself, using its internal resources. In general, the knowledge concerning this aspect of organizational life started to develop when the strong link between the system and employee behavior was finally proved. Organization design is the second aspect that needs to be discussed within the frame of the domain. It is closely interconnected with organization development because both topics focus on particular working practices improving the performance of organizations. Explaining the difference between these two aspects of organizational life, Morrison (2013) believes that organizational design ref
Introduction The conceptualization of a successful small dog boarding business demands a broad strategic blue print. The strategic plan should internalize the aspects of business vision, mission, values, communication plan and a balanced scorecard. Thus, this reflective paper develops a strategic plan for the proposed small dog boarding business called Dog Nest Centre to compete with the local Wessier Dog Boarding business. Dog Nest Centre’s Strategic Plan Vision and Mission For an organization to succeed in marketing, it has to have both vision and mission for its marketing. They act as the guideline and reference point. The business refers to the vision and goals to determine if it is making positive progress. The business’s vision will be to be the leading business in the dog boarding services to pet owners who have no dog handlers. On the other hand, the marketing goal will be to acquire ten clients per week for the first six months. Besides, the business will have a mission of adding value to the life of its target consumers by offering free pick services and delivery of dogs upon the return of its clients. Through its marketing, the business will strive to ensure that consumers continue benefiting from the dog boarding services at all time (Scarborough, 2012). Values of the Dog Nest Centre To be able to achieve the mission and the set goals, the proposed dog boarding business will require having a captivating position value statement and superior product strategy. In this case, the business’s positioning statement will be as follows; We have what everyone wants, and at considerable prices. The dog boarding services is unique and of high quality. They are supremely stylish, trendy and certainly the latest in the market. Those that subscribe to these services will have series of discounts and offers besides life membership. The prices are also considerable; one will get the friendliest and professional services for his or her dog at an affordable price. One of the product strategies that the business will utilize is to make sure that it attributes the dog boarding services to convenience and affordability. The business will charge dog boarding services at affordable prices as a strategy to attract consumers and not scare them away with high prices as at the local Wessier Dog Boarding business. The Sense and Business Ethics in the Dog Nest Business The majority of its competitors relies on local consumers. Therefore, th
Introduction Successful implementation and delivery of services to the public with the aim of achieving the desired outputs and outcomes by raising the efficiency of public entities requires effective stakeholder management. Stakeholder management increases the efficiency of public entities by improving the performance of public policy that leads to public accountability and knowledge management processes in provisioning services by increasing stakeholder involvement leading to safety, lower waiting time during service delivery, and increased satisfaction, which is driven by better policy performance. Improving Performance of Public Policy Stakeholder management in public policy formulation is critical in increasing the performance of policies to provide desired outputs and outcomes by functioning interdependently with public sector entities in collaborative governance (Schalk 2). Here, outputs include services and products and outcomes include impacts, accomplishments, and results from input costs and workforce and resources, by transforming them through workflow process activities (Schalk 2). Here, stakeholders include interest groups, non-governmental actors, and nonprofit and private sector organizations, among others. Efficiency is achieved by stakeholder access and sharing of information, good stakeholder relationships and communication, contributions to knowledge management, capability reviews, and good leadership, and good policy design and implementation based on process-oriented indicators. Here, increased satisfaction, lower waiting time in service delivery, increased safety, improved skills, reduced costs, and enhanced learning and growth for public entities are attained (Rohm 7). The measures provide indicators of the impact stakeholder management have on public programs. Here, stakeholders actively participate with the public sector entities to collect, analyze, and combine information to effectively improve solutions on policy problems. In this case, the underlying variable includes political support, and appropriate budgetary allocations (Wiig 5). Accountability Accountability enables internal and external stakeholders to increase the efficiency of public entities on macroeconomic and microeconomic levels by improving governance structures, credibility and legitimacy, and learning and innovation to influence positive change (Blagescu, Casas & Lloyd 5). Achieving the objectives is based on the obligations of stakeholders have on the public entity’s legal, regulatory, financial, ethical, and moral responsibilities. Efficiency is core and is attained by allowing stakeholder inputs into public policy operational issues, which lead to positive change based on good response and
Introduction Authored and published in 1993 by Bernard Reilly, The Medieval Spains covers a wide range of topics that are not only relevant to teachers but also students in learning institutions around the world. The topics and chapters of this book are systematically organized and discussed in the context of medieval history. The author further adopts both thematic and chronological approaches in realizing his intended purpose. The book was published by Cambridge University Press, a reputable publisher in the history of academic publishing. The seven chapters of the book are detailed to serve as reference material in medieval discoveries and history. This essay reviews the fourth chapter of the book, which covers The Christian Reconquista and African Empire . To achieve this task, the author’s critical issues in the chapter have been synthesized in a concise way that gives clarity to the ideas and discoveries. Under this topic, different theories have been developed to enhance the in-depth understanding of the study topic. Some of the areas covered include but are not limited to the savaging of the al-Andalus, proliferation of Christian kingdoms, the assault of Murabit Iberia, early societal structures, and the culture of Iberian people during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Christian reconquest of Iberian Peninsula According to Reilly, Reconquista was characterized by the military invasion that was led by Christian rules with the aim of capturing the Iberian Peninsula. However, it is essential to note that the conquest was mainly inclined against Muslims, also known as the Moors, from 718 to 1492. During this time, there was a significant change that took place, affecting population patterns and stability. In this chapter, Reilly is convinced that the battles of 711 led to the capture of some regions as the military war further contributed to Visigoth kingdoms’ end (Reilly 90). As mentioned above, the Reconquista had immense effects, especially about societal structures and organization. Although military wars purely dominated the period, repopulation was a common phenomenon as most people got united based on specific aspects of their lives. In seeking safer places for human habitation, most Christian kings and leaders considered relocating to regions that had been abandoned to promote border security through
Introduction Cloning refers to the scientific multiplication and production of new cells to reproduce individuals that resemble their natural counterparts (Craig 3). It involves the duplication and modification of reproductive genes from different individuals to produce individuals that resemble their parents. This essay explores the issues raised by opponents and proponents of this scientific discovery. Unethical Issues about Cloning Every person deserves the right and freedom to be respected and valued as a human being. Nobody is supposed to discriminate against others because of their origin since all people are equal they were all born of a father and mother and went through the same process before they came to this world (Brown 14). However, cloning is a disrespectful scientific innovation that ignores the natural ways of raising families. In addition, it discredits the process of preproduction that involves having sexual affairs, conception, pregnancy and delivery. Cloned individuals will not have the dignity given to human beings born through natural means. Secondly, this activity is very inhumane since it involves the destruction of fertile human cells. Human beings are not supposed to be used as specimens for laboratory activities. However, since this experiment cannot be used using other animals; as a result, scientists must look for cells from human beings. This process disrespects human value since it depicts people as specimens (Craig 7). A previous experiment conducted to clone a sheep led to the destruction of more than 270 cells. The result led to only one sheep conceiving even though there were more than ten sheep. This reveals how this process will lead to damages and unnecessary expenses. Thirdly, natural selection places individuals at extreme ends regarding survival in the future. Natural reproduction ensures individuals produced can withstand all-natural challenges that pose serious risks to their existence (Brown 33). The cloning of Dolly did not give any future expectations and happenings that may interfere with its life. Therefore, this process is more of guesswork than a confident undertaking. Lastly, this process transgresses societal expectations and exposes people to mechanical activities. There is no way they can rely on scientific innovations to bring up children when they have the same ability (Macintosh 121). Religious teachings regard their supreme being to be in charge of creation. When people create life this is perceived to be challenging nature; therefore, this is an antisocial activity that must be stopped. Ethical Issues Proponents of cloning suggest that this activity enables help, sick people, to get remedies for thei