ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Odysseus and Gilgamesh are the characters of ancient myths. Gilgamesh is a hero from early Mesopotamia. This myth is priceless for the researchers of Mesopotamian culture since it mirrors the religious traditions of that period, the treatment of gods, the perception of a hero, and attitudes to friendship and death. The plot of Odyssey is set in ancient Greece. Mythology was an integral part of daily life there. It was used to interpret the events which could not be explained scientifically. Gilgamesh and Odysseus are the heroes of different periods, however, they are similar in their seeking to find the essence of life. Gilgamesh and Odysseus: Heroic Qualities Although living in different epochs, Gilgamesh and Odysseus were similar in their searches of the meaning of life. They both are strong legendary personalities popular in the societies of their time. The epic of Gilgamesh is described as “a heroic quest for fame and immortality, pursued by a man who has an enormous capacity for friendship, endurance, and adventure, joy, and sorrow, a man of strength and weakness who loses a unique opportunity through a moment’s carelessness” (Dalley, 2009, p.39). The Odyssey is the story that brought the familiar characters from the previous epics to please the audience (Homer, 2014). The two characters of famous epic stories share many similar features. For example, they both demonstrate self-confidence, which is a necessary trait for a hero. They are leaders of their time. Gilgamesh is an ancient king of Babylonian Uruk, and Odysseus leads Greek Ithaca. People believed in Gilgamesh’s power to protect them from invaders. Odysseus, although not do physically strong, also revealed the qualities of a good leader and a brave ruler during the Trojan War. Gilgamesh is aware of his strength and is ready to face the danger. He says to Ninsun, “I am extraordinarily strong (!)… I must now travel a long way to where Humbaba is, I must face fighting such as I have not known, and I must travel on a road that I do not know!” (“The Epic of Gilgamesh”). Odysseus demonstrates his wit when talking to Cyclops. He conceals his real mane, “Noman is my name,” and thus manages to escape (Homer, 2014). More about The Odyssey How many suitors in the Odyssey have taken over the house? 5 305 Why The Odyssey is an epic poem? 5 485 Who is Melantho? 5 1388 How does Athena help Odysseus? 5 2650 Why Does the Cyclops Invite Odysseus Back to the Island? 5 727 Why does Zeus tell the story of Aegisthus to Athena? 5 473 One more feature found in both Gilgamesh and Odysseus is divine giftedness. Gilgamesh as a son of goddess Ninsun, possessed greater spiritual and physical power than any of the people under his rule. Odysseus was not as physic
1. The symbol of the street-car carriage described in Emilia Pardo Bazan’s short story reflects the desire of the people to represent themselves as belonging to the higher class and to overcome the challenges of the real plebeian life. To accentuate the gap between the desire and reality, Bazan states about the plebeian carriage as about the aristocratic one, “Oh, how gay the Madrilenian Sunday is and how aristocratic the streetcar at that time of day” (Bazan 46). 2. In Bazan’s short story, the symbolically important carriage is described as “the plebeian streetcar” which “sparkles proudly in the sun” (Bazan 46). One carriage scene in Washington Square is when “in the carriage, as they drove home, she [Catherine] was as quiet as if fatigue had been her portion” (James 23). The next scene is when Catherine tried to reach “the road, where the carriage stood waiting. In it sat her father, rigid and silent; in silence, too, she took her place beside him” (James 100). 3. The carriage in Emilia Pardo Bazan’s short story symbolizes the inner desire of the people to hide their origin and to achieve the social tops when the carriage in Henry James’s novel is a symbol of the home where silence and patience can be found. 4. The carriage described by Bazan is the reflection of the people’s changing nature when they can seem to be plebeian or aristocratic. On the contrary, the carriage in James’s novel is the symbol of the characters’ true nature when they prefer to become silent or quiet to find the desired patience. 5. Susan McKenna states that in her story, Bazan focuses on “the various types boarding the streetcar at the Puerta del Sol” (McKenna 81). As a result, the social dissimilarity of the population is emphasized along with the description of the carriage. 6. In her discussion of Bazan’s works, Susan McKenna concentrates on the features and elements not only from the social perspective but also from the point of gender. 7. In the introduction to James’s novel, Jennie Kassanoff states that Washington Square is rich in symbols, and the reference to cars is important to reflect the c
Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 129” is referred to earlier as a poem of disgust or revulsion. The poem is full of expressively ugly sounds. 129 The expense of spirit in a waste of shame Is lust in action; and, till action, lust? Is perjured, murderous, bloody, full of blame. Savage, extreme, rude, cruel, not to trust; Enjoyed no sooner but despised straight; Past reason hunted, and no sooner had, Past reason hated as a swallowed bait On purpose laid to make the taker mad; Mad in pursuit, and in possession so; Had, having, and in quest to have, extreme; A bliss in proof, and proved, a very woe. Before, a joy proposed; behind, a dream. All this the world well knows, yet none knows well To shun the heaven that leads men to this hell. Composition of a poem in which the lines end with the words listed in the order shown below: These words made me think of an old cowboy movie. Of course they never put this one on TV. She was a maid demure and saintly quiet The cowboy could not help but steal a kiss The days were warm and Spring was all a riot They dared to cross the dangerous abyss He led her to the quaking aspen trees Greened up anticipating sunny June Intoxication swelled from blooming Peas As he gently stroked the flower he would Prune The wine was served in pewter, lacking Crystal The service was on Sunday in the Bar The preacher held a bible and a Pistol The father of the cowboy played Guitar And so sweet Macy May was finely Brooded At summer’s end this story was concluded One line of perfectly regular iambic pentameter. I wish I had a place of mine alone A line of iambic pentameter that uses a pyrrhic foot, a line of iambic pentameter that uses a spondee, a line of iambic pentameter that uses a trochaic foot, and a line of iambic pentameter that uses an anapestic foot. With his bottle in his wobbly shaking hand (anapest) The poet swayed and stood his last bad stand (spondee) His stanzas showed his melancholic mindset (trochee) That as he drowned in alcohol he did forget, (Phyrric)
Cellphones Represent an Opportunity During the last century, technology developed at rapid rates, and a wide variety of devices were introduced. Diverse areas of human activity adopted technological progress in order to achieve higher efficiency and improve robotization. However, these technologies may frequently be considered controversial, and their implementation seems to be unwelcome. Cellphones and particularly smartphones are an inseparable part of the modern world. People of all ages and types of activities tend to use these devices in everyday life and work. Even though mobile computing devices may be highly beneficial for some activities, they are also considered to be a source of distraction and even addiction. It is believed that kids and adolescents are especially exposed to the harmful effects of technology. Youth may frequently lack self-control, and smartphones may represent a considerable issue. Nevertheless, it may be impossible to ban cell phones due to their wide application and significance. It may be necessary not only to acknowledge smartphones as potential educational tools but also to develop a systematic approach to teaching students how to use cell phones in the learning process. Even though smartphones are proven to distract people, they may become beneficial computing devices, which contribute
Introduction Marriage and family are the two institutes which form the basic building blocks of communities and by extension the society. Sudha (2000, p.198) declares that marriage is a fundamental universal social institute that “facilitates proper progeny and helps to have life long companionship and family life”. This assertion is true since it is through marriage that children are raised and the continuity of a community assured. While the importance of marriage is universally appreciated, there are many differing opinions as to the age at which a person should get married. While marriage at a young age was favored in the past, modern day society advocates for later marriage. This is despite the many benefits that are to be gained by early marriage. This paper will argue that people should marry at an early age, this age ideally being 18 years. The paper shall demonstrate that early marriage has many significant advantages most notable of which are: it inhibits crime, it results in stronger families being build and lastly, it reduces the probability of the youth engaging in risky sexual behaviors. A Case for Early Marriage Marriage reduces the likelihood that a person will engage in criminal activity. Particularly, marriage is credited with inhibiting male crime and is associated with lower crime among men. Sampson, Laub and Wimer (2006, p.500) explicitly state that “marriage is a potentially transformative institution that may assist in promotion desistance from criminal behavior”. The reason why marriage might lead to lower crime is because it results in a marked change in a person’s daily routines. Sampson, Laub and Wimer (2006) note that “unstructured socializing activities with peers by people aged 18 to 26 increases the likelihood of deviant behavior”. Being married at the early age of 18 has the potential of changing activities such as frequent socializing with deviant peers. It can therefore be asserted that early marriage improves the quality of life for the married couple and the society at large. By reducing the likelihood of the person engaging in crime, the individual is able to engage in more productive activities. This benefits his immediate family and contributes to the well being of the society. Young couples have a higher likelihood of building stronger families than older couples. This is because younger people have not yet formed rigid perceptions concerning life. Strong, Devault and Cohen (2010) state that most marriages are built on the idea that one can change their partner following the marriage union and mold them into more desirable people. As such, both parties to a marriage enter into the union ho
Even though democracy and equality are considered integral phenomena in modern society, it is challenging to mention that race, gender, and class do not affect the way how people are treated today. These characteristic features can determine whether a person will witness a positive or negative attitude toward themselves. That is why I believe that race, gender, and class can result in controversial outcomes for different people because these features are typically overgeneralized, which belittles persons’ individual qualities. Today, significant effort is devoted to ensuring that society and its smaller groups do not imply discrimination, but this fact can have negative consequences. Organizations are welcomed to employ a diverse workforce, while representatives of sexual and racial minorities are members of governmental agencies, popular culture, and others. If a person has a gender identity that is different from his or her sex, this individual receives special treatment in society. However, a representative of a lower class can be deprived of such a benefit based on their socio-economic background. This situation demonstrates that various stereotypes are valid in society because people are judged according to the first impression that they invoke. I think that this state of affairs contributes to the fact that people’s individual qualities and characteristic features are underestimated. In conclusion, specific efforts toward making society equal and democratic have resulted in the fact that representatives of minorities are welcomed. Even though no one states that this phenomenon is negative, it is necessary to ensure that no further discrimination is promoted. I believe that everyone has a right to express their identity, but this fact should not belittle the importance of personal qualities. I think that what qualifications a person has and how they behave are more significant when considering how an individual should be treated.
The influence of individual growers on the price of tea The individual growers do not have much influence on the price of tea. The major influence on the price of tea comes from the forces of demand on the market. In the case where the supply is much far more than the demand for the tea, the price is brought down. On the other hand, in the case where demand is above the quantity supplied, the price will go up as well. In some cases, the individual growers make attempts to influence the price, but then they do not succeed. The dictation of the tea prices is carried out by auction and this implies that the cost of production is not considered in determining the price of tea on the market. It is not the producers to determine the price but rather, it is the buyers who determine the price at which the tea has to be sold (Anonymous, Never so good for British tea drinkers, 2007). Role of transnational corporations in the tea market Taking the case of India as a tea-producing country and also as a major tea consumer, in this country two major transnational corporations deal in the tea market. These corporations are Unilever and Tata Tea. The corporations are dominant in the tea market and had a market share of 60 percent in 2005 of the branded tea sales. The corporations have played a major role in being significant employers in the tea sector. They have been employing thousands of people to work in the plantation for the corporations have been engaging in tea growing. However, there has been a shift in regard to the operations these corporations have been in engaging in. Beginning from the year 2007, these corporations have opted to shift the operations from tea production to concentrate on purchasing the tea. The companies have realized that by engaging in buying and selling branded and processed tea products; they would bring up the level of their profits as compared to concentration on the tea production on the plantations. Between the years 2006 and 2005 Unilever was able to divest itself of the accountability of over ten thousand permanent employees. Effects in changes in tea prices on the economies of the producing countries According to Anonymous (TED case studies: India Tea and environment, 1997), India being the largest producer of tea is encountering stiff competition in the tea market. This problem is also faced with the other producer and powerful competitors of India in the industry. The tea prices have been going down the world over for the reason of having excess supply on the market. In addition, the major tea buyers such as Iraq, Russia and Iran have turned out not to be active following political reasons. The variations
Introduction Accessibility shows how easily individuals can get to the necessary services (Luo, 2004). Place and remoteness comprise spatial parameters of accessibility, while demographic factors and socioeconomic status are its non-spatial characteristics (Joseph and Phillips, 1984). The combination of these factors defines the overall accessibility of public facilities. In this paper, the use of spatial accessibility in emergency care will be reviewed. Medical specialists should be able to reach patients quickly; therefore, it is necessary to determine the accessibility associated with changes in demand while deciding on the location of emergency services. There are two components of spatial accessibility: proximity and availability (Khan, 1992; Joseph and Phillips, 1984; Luo and Wang, 2003; McGrail and Humphreys, 2009). According to McGrail and Humphreys (2009), one should take both of them into account to determine spatial accessibility. This suggestion applies to emergency care where proximity and availability play a major role in assessing accessibility. Further, four approaches will be discussed, which are used for measuring spatial accessibility and can be of use while choosing the place for emergency facilities. Proximity There are four ways of measuring spatial accessibility of ambulance services. They are proximity, regional availability, the gravity model and the floating catchment area (Guagliardo, 2004; Bagheri, Benwell and Holt, 2006; Langford and Higgs, 2006; McGrail and Humphreys, 2009). The first approach to be discussed is the proximity to the nearest station. It is the most commonly used measure, perhaps, because of its simplicity. Proximity evaluates the remoteness of or travel time to the closest supplier of medical services (Luo, 2004; Langford, Fry and Higgs, 2012). As it was mentioned above, proximity is not the only constituent of spatial accessibility; thus, this measure does not take into account the availability of medical facilities. It fails to assess the ambulance station capacity and the magnitude of the demand. Hence, measuring time or distance to the closest emergency stations is an inadequate way of estimating spatial accessibility. Regional Availability The second method of assessing spatial accessibility is regional availability. It measures the allocation of the service site capacity among the population within a particular area; in other words, it is the ratio of supply and demand within specific administrative boundaries (Luo, 2004). This approach is easy to apply because it is usually not difficult to obtain the data of emergency medical services and the population within administrative boundaries. Because of its simplicity, the method is commonly used in public health services. However, the effective use of this approach is hindered because the demand and supply of different regions tend to overlap (Luo, 2004). Therefore, the assumption that people stay within their administrative boundaries and do not turn for medical help in other regions is wrong, which is why this method h
Drug addiction in the United States is fast becoming a menace. An article by Perez, Dunnan and Ford titled “Ready access, low cost, pill-like high: Heroin’s rise and fatal draw” reveals that many Americans are fast resorting to heroin due to its cheapness and ready availability. This is happening in the wake of thirty-seven lives that were lost in Maryland out of the abuse of fentanyl-tainted heroin. The article suggests that although heroin has been a menace in American society for quite a while, the recent statistics are alarming. The number of heroin-dependent users has more than doubled, from 214,000 in 2002 to 467,000 in 2012 with the average age of first-time users being 23 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 6). Furthermore, rampant usage of heroin is prevalent among the youth, who are arguably the most productive population cohort. The article indicates that the catalytic components of the fast increase in the abuse and fatalities of heroin are its low cost, ready availability, and potency. The authors reveal that Bill Patrianakos forsook his abuse of a prescription pill, Oxycontin, for heroin since the former was too expensive. He said he would get an equal state of high, but at a significantly cheaper cost with heroin. The rise in the cost and scarcity of prescription pain relievers is attributable to the nationwide crackdown on these substances. The article reports that police managed to seize more heroin in Delray Beach, Florida, in the first half of January 2014 than their combined seizure in the last decade. Heroin apparently is available everywhere, be it in college campuses, down the road or fast food restaurants. David, an oxycodone addict, retorted that when he would not find his drug of choice, he would always just take a five-minute walk to get some heroin. Students pass heroin to one another in college campuses in a similar fashion to the passing of a bowl of soup. It is readily available. In fact, police in Pittsburgh arrested a McDonald’s staff on suspicion of peddling heroin in Happy Meal packs. Instead of acting as a deterrent, the uncertainty of the potency of heroin is actually a stimulus that draws more users into abusing it. The article reveals a 19-year old boy that nearly died on two occasions due to overdose but still went back to using heroin. It only took the death of his friend, occasioned by a heroin overdose, for him to return to the rehab. The death of actor Philip Seymour Hoffman is one in the growing list of people who have had to bear the consequences of addiction to heroin. After successfully kicking the habit for close to 20 years, he finally could not resist the urge of going back to substance abuse. He eventually had to pay the ultimate price. This article clearly communicates the emerging danger of heroin use. If it goes unchecked, it might have far-reaching consequences for the population of the United States. This scourge has started putting a dent in the economic competitiveness of the United States as a
Purpose of an IDS System Among the reasons behind the use of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in the company are in relation to access control (Stewart, Tittel and Chapple, 2008). The financial impact of such intrusions often results in heavy remedial expenditure (See Fig I). This entails controlling the files and resources that a user on a given network can access. These access controls are crucial in maintaining confidentiality, integrity and availability of objects on the network. Controlling access on a network can be accomplished using both physical and computer-based mechanisms (Stewart, Tittel and Chapple, 2008). The purpose of this report is the identification of an appropriate IDS solution for a mid-sized company. What is the degree of Risk? First of all, it is important to keep in mind that not all attacks occur outside of the firewall. It is not uncommon to find users out of ignorance setting up independent connections that circumvent the firewall entirely (Kozushko, 2003). In such a case the firewall is useless as it can not mitigate risk on a network connection it does not ‘see’. Secondly, it has been noted that a majority of the treats on a network emanate from within the network itself. Just as in the previous case firewalls will do little in such cases as they mainly monitor traffic from outside entering the network (Kozushko, 2003). Lastly, firewalls are also prone to attacks since there are many individuals who make profits from developing means to circumvent the firewalls. From this, it is possible to understand why a software-based solution is inadequate for this problem. Proposed Solution The first and reasonably easy to use sensor on the system is the use of an effective software-based IDS. It has been observed that a network-based IDS will be more appropriate than a host-based IDS. The host-based IDS monitors a single computer thereby allowing potential threats through the computer network so long and they do not affect the specific PC. Network-based solutions observe illegal activity on the network media. This IDS is useful in monitoring and preparation of audit reports on the recent activity on the computer network. Other than the tasks related to intrusion detection such software products are also used in the detection of system failures and rating of overall performance (Stewart, Tittel and Chapple, 2008). These systems can also provide a variety of respo