ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Sibling rivalry refers to a type of competition or animosity that is evident among brothers and sisters during their young ages. The competition if not well monitored by the parents or the guardian may continue through adulthood and may lead to numerous fights and injuries. One of the contributing factors to such animosity is the close age difference between the elder and the younger sibling (David, Gil, and Raviv 79). Sibling rivalry starts early in childhood when the kids start competing and fighting for toys. In most cases, parents tend to favor the younger child when resolving the dispute. Such favoritism heightens the resentments between the rival kids, and it may lead to the failure of the approach adopted by the caregiver. Unmonitored childhood rivalry may continue to adulthood causing serious effects on the affected individuals. At adulthood, such rivalry may lead to the infliction of serious harm to one party by the other. Parental intervention in childhood dispute resolution is an excellent way of mitigating adulthood rivalry. While most scholars tend to emphasize the negatives of the childhood rivalry, some psychologists argue that childhood rivalry may produce positive results in the development of the kid (Smith and Ross 792). Childhood disputes impart dispute resolution techniques on the kid that may be helpful later in adulthood. Additionally, such disputes may motivate the child to work hard to outsmart the rival and earn parental love. However, the negatives outdo the positives, hence, the need for mediation to alleviate the adverse effects posed by such rivalry. This paper seeks to unravel the causes and the interventions available for the competing kids to mitigate the escalation of the rivalry to uncontrollable levels. In the achievement of the said purpose, the paper shall center on a rivalry dispute that I witnessed. The dispute revolved around favoritism and differential abilities between the warring kids. Children tend to win parental love through working hard both at home and in school to appease the parents. The controversy presented in this paper is grounded on similar views whereby the elder kid performed well in school yet the parents did not give him enough attention. Instead, they tended to favor the younger kid causing conflicts between the two children. Consequently, the elder brother wondered why the parents neglected him despite performing better than his younger brother academic wise. The analysis of the case study shall include a review of the available literature to support the approach taken by the mediator. Identification of the parties Disputes among siblings arise due to the feeling of neglect by one child. In most cases, the elder child exhibits a feeling that preferential treatment is given to the younger brother or sister. Parents tend to favor the younger kids during the problem-solving process, which compounds the preferential feeling in the older sibling. Other factors that may lead to sibling rivalry include favoritism and neglect, the small age gap between the rivals, differen
Probation is one of the most common approaches used in dealing with criminals. It involves a situation where a defendant who is found guilty of a crime is released by the court without imprisonment subject to conditions imposed by the court (Canton, 2013). Studies have established that this approach has several strengths and weaknesses. One of the biggest strengths of probation is the fact that it enhances the flexibility of the legal system in terms of dealing with the high number of criminals (Canton, 2013). With the challenge of overcrowding in prisons, probation often offers a reliable alternative to incarceration. Another major strength of probation is the fact that it provides offenders with second chances, of redeeming their reputation within the community (Canton, 2013). However, probation also has weaknesses that compromise its effectiveness. The first weakness is the fact that a high number of people ensnared in the criminal justice system have a detrimental effect on society (Canton, 2013). The second weakness of probation is the fact that it allows criminals to live freely, yet in reality, they should be in jail. Critics of probation argue that such leeway for criminals can be dangerous because the number of criminals who genuinely choose to change their ways is often very low. The philosophy behind probation is creating a trial period during which the character of a criminal is tested to ascertain whether they are suitable to interact with the public or be in jail (Canton, 2013). The reasoning behind this philosophy was guided by the need to prevent overcrowding in prisons by allowing petty offenders a chance to prove that they can reform and be of no harm to the public.
In the current world alcohol and smoking have led to addictions in many young people which in turn cause a lot of long term psychological and physical complications. Addiction to alcohol or heavy alcohol drinking normally impinges on judgment, reaction and the way of thinking. Alcohol consumption also triggers risky behaviors that can cause harm. Among other things alcohol abuse is related to unprotected sex, the shutting of the nervous systems causing instant death, drunken driving causing bodily harm in accidents and death and a lot of other severe health effects. Smoking on the other hand has its fair share of detrimental effects on individuals; this is evidenced by Grey (2002) who shows that: Smoking causes addiction, constant coughing, bronchitis, asthma, damage to your lungs, smelly hair and clothes, yellow teeth and bad breath. And those are just the short term effects. The long term effects include cardiovascular disease (heart attacks and strokes), lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema (a lung disease where a person has really hard time breathing), reproductive problems, and birth defects in kids (Grey, 2002). Therefore this paper is going to focus on the negative physical and mental effects of long term alcohol abuse and smoking, show how the unhealthy lifestyles impact on people today and finally conclude by proposing a solution for curbing this situation. High quantities of alcohol intake are interconnected with a high level risk of developing cardiovascular ailments, “malabsorption, chronic pancreatitis, liver disease and cancer. Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system damage can also occur from sustained consumption. Long-term use of alcohol in excessive quantities is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body” (Lacoste, 2001). Lacoste also showed that “the developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol”. Constant alcohol usage and abuse has severe impacts on physical and psychological health. The following is a range of effects of heavy alcohol intake as shown by Lacoste (2001), they include: Neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment, cardiovascular, disease, liver disease, and neoplasm that is malevolent. The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression, dysthymia, mania, hypomania, panic disorder, phobias, gen
Time/Date and Purpose of Event A School Board Meeting of Chesapeake public schools was held on November 14th at 5 p.m. It was a regular monthly meeting with a pre-confirmed agenda. During the previous meeting, held on October 17th, the Superintendent outlined the proposed Capital Improvement Plan, and this meeting was aimed at hearing the different opinions on the plan. Participants The nine regular members of the School Board were all in attendance, including the Chairman Mr Bunn and Vice Chairman Mrs Proffit. Among the participants of the meeting were the members of the public and citizens. Proponent Arguments The Superintendent argued for the adoption of the proposed Capital Improvement Plan, which is an annual plan for the management of capital improvements with high costs. Including an inflation factor, the cost of the plan was estimated to be more than $400000. The project included various maintenance and construction projects in different planning areas, modernization of existing facilities, upgrades to technology infrastructure, and planning for new facilities (Chesapeake Public Schools, 2016). The Superintendent stated that the implementation of the plan was necessary to maintain and improve the current schools’ arrangement and to give the students more opportunities for sports and other activities by creating more facilities. Opposition Arguments Opposition to the plan was scarce and consisted of the general public. The main arguments against the plan were the high cost of implementation and the presence of non-urgent projects. The opposition stressed that, given the current budgeting situation, it would be wise to postpone non-urgent projects until next year. The costs saved on this action could be used for additional funding of day-to-day operations, such as providing better school lunches and ensuring adequate payment for teachers’ extra working hours. Culture Following the presentation by both sides, the School Board carried out a work session to determine the final action. Despite the fact that the board still approved of the CIP, it was evident that both viewpoints have been evaluated and it was promised that the issues outlined by the opposition would be addressed in future meetings. How Policy Event Advocated for Human Rights and Social Justice School Board meetings are an important part of the life of the educational sector of every area. The Board aims to monitor and solve various issues regarding school life by planning school budget, developing new maintenance and construction projects, approving school operating times, determining school boundaries, resolving questions reg
Introduction The present paper concerns the book written by Sara Cushing Weigle “Assessing Writing”. This book was edited in 2002 and since then it won considerable fame and recognition among specialists in the discussed sphere. The book is aimed at finding a better, innovative approach to writing as a concept and its role in the whole process of education and assessment of the person’s education and development. Body Paragraph I The introduction of the book is devoted to the shift of understanding or writing as an attribute of chosen, limited layers of society, thus becoming a challenge for others to handle. Writing, which was once considered the domain of the elite and well-educated, has become an essential tool for people of all walks of life in today’s global community (Weigle et al., 2002). Body Paragraph II The book includes much consideration about the role of writing in the contemporary world as a source of communication, in addition broadening the perception of writing beyond the borders of pure transfer of data” it is now widely recognized that writing plays a vital role not only in conveying information, but also in transforming knowledge to create new knowledge. It is thus of central importance to students in academic and second language programs throughout the world (Weigle et al, 2002). Body Paragraph III (Supplementary) The book represents deep and profound research in the field of writing and everything connected with the process, the result and the accompanying elements. It has made a large step forward in the discussed sphere, which may be seen from the editor’s note devoted to the contents of the book and its meaning in the sphere of learning: The book provides a coverage of writing assessment that is both broad and in-depth, discussing the relevant research and theory, and addressing practical considerations in the design, development and use of writing assessments (Weigle et al, 2002). Conclusion The first chapter of the book titled “The Nature of Writing Ability” discusses the writing skills at the basic level – their emergency, the way to develop them and to shape them into the form the person needs. The chapter also concerns factors influencing the success of learning to write and the process of the skills formation. The author argues that the writing skills are a complex phenomenon that includes not only intellectual abilities and mechanical skills but includes certain social, psychological and physiological implications that may affect the end result – obtaining language skills in this or that form. The second chapter, “Basic Considerations in Assessing Writing” is connected with more practical aspects of writing skills assessment. First of all, the creators
Introduction An umbrella refers to a lightweight handheld collapsible covering that serves as a roof to shelter an area or someone from the weather. People use umbrellas to for various purposes and are designed for different users. There are umbrellas for children and adults, depending on their size and usability. Umbrellas are a common phenomenon everywhere across the world, especially during rainy and sunny weather conditions. They mainly come from China, Taiwan, and western countries (Mc Alinney par. 3). Over the years, umbrella designs have evolved to modern ones that are fixed multiple user tools such as tables to provide shade for several people (Sangster 20). Such umbrellas are common in the hospitality industry. Their predominant round shape has also evolved to include other designs depending on different wind patterns across the world (Mc Alinney par. 6). People love to use umbrellas because they are convenient, especially during outdoor activities. Discussion Umbrellas are quite common, as evidenced by the national umbrella day celebrated across the world on 10 th February each year (Sangster 31). Weather experts argue that over the years, umbrellas have become one of the consumer products that attract high demand across the world. Practically, everyone finds the need to use an umbrella at least once a year. People use umbrellas for other purposes, apart from protection from sunlight and rainfall (Hogan par. 1). Some people use them as a fashion accessory that helps to complete their image. During rainy or sunny days when someone has to use an umbrella, it is important to choose one that complements the clothes that someone wears. According to fashion experts, there are numerous types of umbrellas for everyday activities such as going to the garden, a wedding, a sporting event, or a picnic (Hogan par. 6). Umbrellas are also used in weather forecasting as a graphic symbol that denotes whether there will be rainfall or sunshine. Photographers also use umbrellas variedly. Another interesting aspect of umbrellas is the numerous assumptions that people create with regard to their use. Umbrellas have created a huge debate, especially among its adheren
Drug abuse has become a serious health problem in many healthcare sectors. These patients require specialized care and may benefit from collaborative care models and social services. In this case, the client, a 21-year-old woman, has severe medical problems besides taking drugs and smoking. Performing a medical examination or psychological assessments will guide a nursing practitioner on the treatment priorities for the patient. Devising a strategic plan can help the patient improve her health status. Additionally, allocating resources and providing proper education can be vital during the process of recovery. What Data Can You Gather Based on Available Client Information? First, during the interview, I understand that the client takes fewer meals than required. I will also note that she has not been feeling well in weeks, and her mental condition is poor. A physical examination of the patient’s vitals will be necessary. The client needs to understand that her isolated behavior can affect her health. By understanding the client’s level of addiction, a medical examination will be vital (Barringer et al., 2017). This examination will aid in proper diagnosis and case management. Furthermore, I will assess the patient’s sleep disorder, energy, concentration, appetite disorder and suicidal tendencies. This kind of information will reveal the exact problem at hand and the particular treatment for the diagnosis. What Questions Should You Ask Yourself While Interviewing This Client? During the interview, I can ask her about her nutrition status and her deficiencies. I will ask myself about the potential problems the client might be facing. It can include financial constraints, lack of proper shelter and lack of transport. I will also ask myself the possible challenges the client is facing and how well she can manage. An enquiry on whether has ever attempted to quit substance abuse and what working strategies she identified in the past will be crucial. I will ask myself how best I can connect her to the appropriate resources for optimum outcomes. During Planning, How Can You, As the Nurse, Best Assist This Client? The suitable approach I can use to assist the patient is to develop an effective patient-nurse support relationship. I will need to establish an environment of understanding the patient’s situation. A lack of a common ground will affect how the patient is giving information (Barringer et al., 2017). During planning, I can use therapeutic communicat
Introduction Margaret Fuller and Walt Whitman stand out as two ancient literature goons who have done various works in literature and ones who appreciation for what they did. They feature some resemblances as well as contradictions in their works in the way they employs the different aspects of literature such as styles, settings, plots and even their themes. Therefore, it is important to study deeper the literal works of the two in order to get clear similarities or differences if any in their works. The theme that this discussion will zero on is on the one’s self or rather individuality or the unit of self as it appears as a common theme in The Great Lawsuit by Margaret Fuller and The Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman. The two writers have in depth touched on the theme of self in their works. It therefore provides a good point or basis of analyzing and comparing some commonness and contradictions that stand based on the theme. Comparison Fuller has remained one of the well remembered writer who laid a foundation in the securing and elevating women in society. The culture and traditions that are in place has positioned women in some sort of slavery and demeanor. Through her book “The Great Lawsuits” she points out the disadvantages that women face when it comes to matters of legal due to cultural confinements. For instance, she expresses in the book that women do not hold properties on equal grounds or terms as their male counterparts and incase their husbands pass away, they are allowed to inherit part of the property for instance a child but not everything (Fuller 1627). Therefore, the difference, which exists between the men and the women, is based on the self or rather the individuality of male in their thinking. This belief by the male counterparts to have an upper hand in all sectors or areas in life is what dominates in her book. She is of the view that there is a greater need for such individuality, which is held by men to come to an end. This can only be witnessed by woman taking a role in educating and elevating their women counterparts so us they can be able to act independently, empowered and make decision solely as equals as their male counterparts does. Therefore, the author throughout this theme clearly exposes the imbalance that society is undergoing. Likewise, Whitman’s preface to the 1855 edition, of Leaves of Grass has a greater part on the theme of individuality or self. Although the book has many categories of poems, most of th
Mission statement To use my business skills as well as knowledge in the establishment of a successful smoothie business that will aim at providing quality and unique products to customers which will involve the use of creative and interesting recipes while ensuring world class hygienic conditions are maintained. The provision of these products while guaranteeing everyday quality service will see John’s smoothies’ to be the ideal smoothie shop. Executive summary Business description The name of the business is John’s smoothies’. The name is catchy and has a ‘fun’ and cosy aspect. Just like the name depicts, it is a smoothie business which is part of a rapidly growing beverage industry. The business will be located in Quai de Mont Blanc, a scenic town that is within an hour’s drive to Geneva, the capital of Switzerland. It is located near the tourist hotspot Pontu du Mont Blanc. The business will adopt a sole proprietorship type of business that will see John Hopkinsbecome the owner of the business. Marketing plan The nature of the business is relatively new in the area as there is no shop that exclusively produces and sells smoothies. However, this will provide the shop with a competitive edge and title of being the first. This will be coupled with an aggressive marketing strategy that will make John’s smoothies’ a household name. This strategy will involve: Using market research as the basis of information will see the use of survey that will establish customer needs that are currently not being met in the market. I will therefore bridge these needs by incorporating them in my business that will offer a variety of services aimed at servicing the identified needs. Location- This will be the main focus for ensuring success of the business. The shop, which is in close proximity to the Mont Blanc Bridge, will target visiting tourists as well as locals in the area. It is also clearly visible to potential customers and therefore, this will ensure sustainable business all year round. Use of print media- I will be able to advertise the products and services offered by the shop by distributing flyers and leaflets to passers-by as well as ensuring the name of the business is clearly displayed in the shop. Organization and management The smoothie shop, though easy to run, needs proper organization of activities to ensure that no delays occur. This will see customers being attended to within a short time and fast processing of their orders. The target time for making smoothies is 2.5 minutes. However, this time can be stretched out if there is disorganization. This time target will be achieved as I will be part of the staff hence oversee the running of operations in the shop. I will also employ three assistants on a part-time basis in order to save on my expenses to ensure that customers are served in the fastest possible