ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is important that all organizations ensure that their employees are safe as they discharge their duties in the organization. The organizations should work hard to ensure they minimize threats that may cause accidents in the workplace. Accidents in the workplace will affect both the employer and the employee. The employer is likely to be sued and also incur very high insurance costs. On the other hand, the employee may sustain serious injuries. There should be a well designed strategy to reduce workplace accidents. It should then be fully implemented and managed effectively (Schwind, Das & Wagar 2010). Strategy to reduce workplace accidents There are various strategies that can be used to reduce workplace accidents. However, it is important that the organization develop a strategy that will be convenient. Research has shown that most accidents in the workplace can be avoided if proper mechanisms have been put in place. The research further shows that poor working conditions only contribute to about 15% of accidents in the workplace. 80% of accidents in the workplace are caused by carelessness and poor work habits practiced by the employees (Hopwood & Thompson 2006 ). Using checklists to reduce workplace accidents This is a simple method that can be used to reduce workplace accidents in any organization. However, it will require full implementation if it is work effectively. The following are some of the ways the checklist can be used to reduce accidents in the workplace. Employee orientation Whenever a new employee joins the organization, the human resource department should ensure that they receive proper training on safety practices while in organization. Here, the checklist will be used to ensure that all new employees have been properly oriented before they can assume their duties. The checklist also comes in handy whenever an employee gets promoted. The employees after going through proper orientation will sign the checklist. The copies should be kept safely. Inspection Checklists are to be used whenever an inspection is conducted in t
Relevant factors analysis Demographic environment It is reported that the number of children in Canada has been increasing at a high rate for the last 50 years. This was the time when there was the baby boom in the country (Turner 99). Though the birth rate is high at the moment, it is not yet at the level that can be referred as the baby boom. This means that the book will have a sizeable number of customers in the Canadian market. On the other hand, most of the parents in Canada are educated, and it is likely that they would like their children to be educated hence they will want to introduce them to books at an early age. They also have a high purchasing power since they have a high income (Hessing, Howlett and Summerville 41). Most people in the country speak in English although there some who speak in French, Aboriginal as well as other languages. Therefore, when introducing EhonNavi for Professionals, it is necessary to ensure that it is in English but also to provide translations into other languages. Cultural and social environment Canadian culture is made up of diverse traditions with French making up a significant part of the population. EhonNavi for Professionals mostly displays Japanese pictures. This might be a challenge for its penetration in the Canadian market. However, if the book is translated into different languages, it might be easy for it to penetrate the market. Further, there are Japanese citizens who live in Canada. They are concentrated on the west coast of Canada (Kalman 13). Japanese citizens are ranked number nine in the list of non-Europeans in Canada. This will be a boost for its penetration to the Canadian market. Technological Environment Canada is one of the developed countries where technology is advanced. Most people in Canada are well informed about information technology (Blake 143). EhonNavi for Professionals being an online showcase book, is likely to penetrate in the Canadian market since many people will be able to access and make orders for the book online. Political/ Legal Environment The company needs to have exploratory information regarding the political factors that affect the market it is about to introduce its product. These are factors which have the potential of influencing the market situation in any country. They can affect the marketing of products. In Canada, the government of late has been against the introduction of books with foreign literature being used by children. The government insists that children should be given books written about the Canadian literature so that they l
Article’s general view Unlike Weber’s argument, which discourages executives from incorporating emotions in their work and workplace, the article brings out a contrary approach towards emotions and organization. Initially, emotional discussions in an organization were only attributed to their effect on decision making or interpersonal conflicts. Manager-subordinate interactions, as well as those between executives, were to be emotion-free. Nonetheless, the article brings out clearly that emotions do add value to the workplace. It calls for managers to learn how to influence group member’s emotional reactions as strong emotions can have both negative and positive effects on operational performances. It also states the effects of negative and positive moods both in managers and the workforce and calls for leader’s effective performance on emotional labor. In the emphasis on the importance of emotional labor performed by effective leaders, the article brings out the effect of the manager’s emotions on workers, or, According to (Judge et.al, 2008, p.62), “impact of emotional expressiveness on managerial influence and leadership process.” As the article goes further in its explanation on emotion labor, different types of emotional labor, and the relationship of emotional labor and leadership to infectivity as well as emotional expression to current leadership theories, it reveals significant benefits to managers in form of its strengths and weaknesses (Judge, et.al, 2008, p. 32). Strengths of the article First, the organizational beliefs regarding the unnecessary emotions in the workplace are effectively and convincingly eradicated through recognition of the positive effects of emotions in work performance. Ignorance of emotional labor has been attributed as the major cause of the ineffective performance of employees. As stated, managers can realize that it is what workers feel that determines what they do. Through an explanation of the effect of the manager’s emotion on workers, it states clearly how the negative or positive mood in managers can do to the worker’s performance. Depending on the nature of the organization, managers can learn the specific emotions that their subordinates should feel to effectively perform their roles (Luthans 2005, p. 75). In determining how to affect the emotions of the wor
Executive Summary This report entails an analysis of how Southwest Airlines should adjust its current business strategy, viz. the low-cost strategy to remain competitive. Currently, the airline industry is undergoing remarkable transformation due to different market forces such as intense competition and an increase in the intensity of competition. Therefore, it is not feasible for the airline to continue relying on the low-cost strategy as a source of competitive advantage. On the contrary, the airline should evaluate the most effective strategy to adopt to sustain its long-term competitiveness. The report identifies three main strategies, which include market development, product development, and market penetration. However, the report recommends Southwest Airlines to adopt the market penetration strategy. The rationale for this strategy arises from the fact that its adoption will enable the airline to stimulate its profitability in the long term. The report specifically identifies the Latin American airline market as the most feasible markets for the firm to consider. The report further outlines the specific aspects issues that the airline should take into account to penetrate the identified Brazilian market successfully. Introduction Background information Southwest Airlines Company was established in 1967 in Dallas, Texas. The airline offers scheduled air transport services in the US and near-international markets. Southwest Airlines mission entails providing Americans freedom to fly. The airline has been in operation in the US market for over 44 years and has succeeded in developing its infrastructure. By the end of 2014, a fleet of 12 Boeing 717 aircraft’s and 665 Boeing 737 aircrafts facilitated the airline’s operations. Southwest Airline principally offers point-to-point transport as opposed to hub-and-spoke service. This approach has enabled the airline to optimize its resource utilization such as employees and aircrafts. Thus, the airline has succeeded in minimizing occurrence of flight delays. Subsequently, the airline has developed adequate competitiveness due to increased level of convenience (“United States Securities and Exchange Commission” par.2). Despite the economic fluctuations, the airline has managed to attain a relatively high level of profitability. The airline’s level of profitability was highest in 2013 where it amounted to $754 million from a low of US$99 in 2009. In addition to profitability, Southwest Airlines has a relatively strong balance sheet. At the first half of 2014, the airline had generated US$ 1.6 billion in free cash flow (“International Air Transport Association” par. 3). Over the past four decades th
The term managed health care can be described as a program that ensures appropriate health care is provided to patients, at affordable cost and high quality. According to American Heart Association (2009), the goals of managed care are: to deliver high quality care at minimum cost, deliver medically necessary and appropriate care as per patient’s condition, and to ensure care is delivered by appropriate provider and at appropriate setting. It employs cost containment system to ensure enhance utilization of health benefits by regulating the type, frequency and level of treatment offered to the patients, as well as controlling the access to care and reimbursement requirements for services. Just like any other project, managed health care has had its own share of criticism. Osborn (2004) claims that major patient complaints revolve around quality, customer service and cost. Some of the complaints that patients have aired include the fact that they are never allowed to see a doctor of their choice unless he is in their network, while in a number of the cases, there is shortage of doctors due to transfers, retirement or even death, thus affecting the quality of service. Patients also complain that they fail to get satisfactory services from the program, considering the time it takes to get the service and the behavior of the service providers. They go to an extent of comparing the services they receive with services from other service industries. Another argument is that it has contributed to an increase in the costs of health care putting in mind that, patients like to enjoy the true worth of what they pay for the service. Consolidated Omnibus Reconsolidation Act of 1985 (COBRA) Cobra is a law that was passed by the United states congress and signed by president Reagan, and was meant to mandate an insurance program in order to give some employees the ability to enjoy health insurance coverage even after leaving employment. According to United States Department of Labor (n.d), it was an amendment of Employee retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), and it deals with a number of issues including but not limited to private pension plans, disability insurance and job loss temporary insurance plans. COBRA offers a continuous coverage plan that should be afforded to the employees who may otherwise lose their group health plan when a specific event occurs (United States Department of Labor, n.d). in order to enjoy the benefits of COBRA continuous plan, the employee mus
Introduction Morphine (C17H19NO3) is the active therapeutic agent that is derived from the opium poppy. It acts as a powerful opioid analgesic remedy and as a psychoactive drug that acts directly on the central nervous system to relieve the pain and symptoms related to most mental problems (LeCounter par.1). The natural source of morphine and the history of its use The main natural source of opium is the terrestrial plant, Opium Poppy ( papaver somniferum ). Opium then acts as the source of most opiates such as Morphine (Ebadi 446). The ancient pioneers of Alchemy are said to have employed an opium-based elixir in their studies as an active pain killer. At around 1522, an alchemist known as Paracelsus recommended the use of this formulation as a painkiller. Upon the advent of trade-in opium-based products by Indians in the 18 th century, many physicians and patients adapted the use of another opiate known as Laudanum. The discovery of Morphine dates back to 1804 when a German scientist, Friedrich Serturner, extracted the alkaloid from its natural source. It was introduced into the market around 1817 by the scientist and his company. It was meant for use as an analgesic for patients suffering from opium and alcohol addiction. Another active form of the drug, heroin was synthesized in 1874 and introduced to the public in 1898 by Bayer. Heroin is said to be 1-2 times more potent than its parent drug, morphine. Morphine had become the most abused drug in the world until the production of heroin (Maisto 37). This forced the US government to label it as a controlled substance in 1914. The analgesic strength of the two drugs was undisputed for quite a long time until other classes of opioids began to be synthesized by the late 20 th Century. To date, morphine is still prescribed for opium addiction in case heroin is in short supply (Maisto 228). Production of Morphine Morphine was first extracted from the poppy straw by Janos
Studying the society, its nature and progress is not an easy task; not only does it evolve, but also includes a countless number of individuals, with their own character traits and developmental patterns [1] . However, some common threads can be traced in any society, which makes sociology as a study viable. In their insightful research, Ruth A. Wallace and Alison Wolf consider the way that sociological theory has gone to become what it is today, as well as analyze the basic characteristics of the present-day sociological theory. Perhaps, one of the greatest strengths of the given study concerns the author’s ability to encompass the classic sociological theories and incorporate them with the ones that have only been developed only recently, therefore, providing the premises for their further exploration. An admittedly complicated task, the process of marrying the concepts of the classical social theory, including positivism, historical materialism, and other major theories with the recent concepts, which have truly reinvented the classical theory [2] , is doubtlessly a challenging task, which Wallace and Wolf must be credited for. Naturally, the monograph is not without problems, the basic one concerning the variety of concepts that the book throws at the reader. In addition, it would be desirable – though admittedly not quite attainable – that the authors should consider the factors that induced the creation of particular sociological theories, which, in their turn, made a difference in sociology [3] . Wallace and Wo
Risk is the likelihood of occurrence of a loss; the term risk is mostly used in business environments where resources are engaged whose fate is unpredictable. Risks in business are of various types some of which include market risk, economic risks, foreign exchange risks, inflation risks, transportation risks and many others. Risks in business would cause major losses if inability presents itself that decisions cannot be properly made i.e. inability of making decisions of whether to retain personnel or not, decisions on what are the customers’ tastes and preferences and even those on current market conditions. Such decisions are normally very urgent and mandatory for the progress of any organization (Andreosso & Jacobson, 2005). Most of the technology companies due to the nature of their operations are normally faced with threats of numerous risks. Technology companies apart from being volatile themselves operate in highly volatile markets where competition itself is cut-throat. Therefore, with not well laid strategies such firms would easily collapse (Andreosso & Jacobson, 2005). Risks that are likely faced by technology companies like Microsoft include the following:- Competition This has resulted from the constantly and rapidly expanding technology market, where firms come into operations day by day and not with nothing but with even more complex products tailored towards consumer needs. Products such as the Firefox browser by far posed great threat to Microsoft internet explorer given its more enhanced features like enhanced speed and even more reliable and convenient features to consumers. These resulted into great unrecoverable losses to Microsoft; market share was also greatly lost (Andreosso & Jacobson, 2005). Piracy Piracy is a great killer in many technology firms. Many firms send spies to firms they consider their bigger rivals and still their business secrets about the products they deal in and which they can produce alike. Such business has harmed most technology firms given that the pirated products most likely serve the same purposes as the original and they are as well cheap and affordable to lower level consumers who form the largest market base (Andreosso & Jacobson, 2005). Price Risks There has been consistent growth rate in prices most so those of the raw materials like silicon, steel and even copper which are the basis for production. This has often translated to high prices most so when translation risk also comes along. This even hikes the prices further for the consumers who find technology products unaffordable. Prices of technology firms are normally dictated by the economic forces while those of manufacturers are mostly forecasted by finance managers and firm accountants (Andreosso & Jacobson, 2005). Transportation Risk This is largely experienced by manufacturing firms like the Caterpillar most so if they have to import raw materials or even export their products which most of the time is bulky and costly to transport. Technology companies like Microsoft on the other hand are mostly situated in central and strategic locations where they have their raw materials readily available
Introduction Hyperinflation in economics is used to refer to a condition whereby there is inflation that is out of control. Under this condition, the prices of goods increase rapidly while at the same time the currency of the country loses value in comparison to other currencies. Formally it is used to refer to a situation where the rate of inflation goes beyond 50% every month. Zimbabwe has been experiencing hyperinflation for quite some time now. Another difference between hyperinflation and normal inflation is that while normal inflation is usually recorded every year, hyperinflation is usually recorded on monthly basis. In economics, the term is sometimes used to refer to an inflationary cycle that does not tend to move towards equilibrium. As a phenomena hyperinflation is characterized by debasement of the coinage, unchecked increase in money supply, and it is closely associated with political and social upheavals, wars, and economic depressions. Characteristics of hyperinflation One of the major characteristics of hyperinflation is a situation within the economy whereby the general population chooses to keep their wealth in non-monetary assets or stable foreign currency. During this period the local currency held within the economy is immediately invested to maintain the economy’s purchasing power. The second characteristic is a situation where the general population regards money, not in terms of the local currency but terms of stable foreign currency. Generally, prices are quoted in foreign currency. Another characteristic is that during this period Sales and purchases on credit are usually done at prices that will compensate for the anticipated loss of the country’s purchasing power throughout the credit period. During a period of hyperinflation wages, Interest rates, and prices are fixed to a certain price index. Causes of hyperinflation The main cause of hyperinflation is a rapid and massive increase in the money supply. This growth is usually not by a commensurate growth in the output of goods and services. This results in a lack of confidence in the money as well as the monetary system. It is closely related to paper money since it involves the printing of extra banknotes. Correctional measures Hyperinflation is usually a threat to economic growth and development. As a result of these different economists and economies as well suggest different correctional measures. Both classical economists and monetarists agree to the fact that hyperinflation is usually a result of irresponsible borrowing by government authorities. Hyperinflation is usually corrected by introducing drastic measures like imposing shock therapy like slashing government expenditure, altering currency basis.