ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Morphology and life cycle The adult Artemia is about 1cm long with a pair of stalked complex eyes, 11 pairs of thoracopods, sensory antennulae, and a linear digestive system. The male possesses a pair of the posterior penis, while the female has a conspicuous brood pouch located behind the thoracopods. Eggs grow in a pair of tubular ovaries situated in the abdomen (Van Stappen 41). Normally, fertilized eggs grow into swimming nauplii following their release by the mother. However, in unfavorable conditions such as low O 2 levels and high salinity, the embryo only grows up to the level of gastrula and gets cocooned and enters a state of dormancy prior to their release. Theoretically in all Artemia strains, females can switch in between oviparity and ovoviviparity mode of reproduction (Van Stappen 87). In its natural habitat at the appropriate time , Artemisia lays biconcave-shaped cysts which float on the water surface to be washed ashore by waves and wind. The cyst is metabolically dormant and does not undergo further development in dry conditions. However, when they get immersed in seawater the cysts absorb water, attain a spherical shape and the embryo inside the cyst resumes its metabolism. In 20 hrs time, the shell burst releasing the embryo which hangs beneath the shell and the hatching membrane burst to release a free-swimming nauplius shortly (Van Stappen 43). The initial larval stage is 400-500µm long, brownish-orange in color, with a red-eye in the head area and three couples of appendages with distinct functions. The first antennae perform the sensory function, the second filter-feeding plus locomotory function, and the third appendage is the mandibles is used for food uptake. A large labrum ventrally situated performs food uptake from the filtering setae into the mouth. The first larval stage thrives entirely on its yolk since its digestive tract is not yet fully developed. The second larvae stage can ingest substrates such as detritus, algal cells, and bacteria, ranging from 1-50µm. The larva develops through approximately 15 molts during which a pair of lobular attachments develop in the trunk region differentiating into thoracopods. Optimally the sea monkey can attain maturity in just 8 days and achieve a reproduction rate of up to 300 nauplii (cyst) after every 4 days with a lifespan of several months, (Browne 949). Ecology and geographical distribution Artemia strains inhabit approximately 500 natural saline lakes as well as man-made salterns found across the tropical, temperate climates and subtropical regions of the world. However, the brine shrimp population is not continuous since not all salty biotopes are inhabited. Their physiological adaptation to highly salty waters for survival hinders their migration from one biotope to a
Overview In order to contribute to the “Constructive” Wiki about crowd sourcing, we provide the information about one of the popular outsourcing web sites Poptent.net. This site was created in 2007 in Philadelphia, PA. According to the description provided on their site, this company is: “a social networking site dedicated exclusively to the videographer community. This proprietary portal gives Brands access to 35,000+ creators and videographers, all anxious to work on your next video project” (“Poptent” n. p.). It is an outsourcing community that deals with marketing and advertizing. It provides the independent videographers to implement their ideas and connect to various companies in order to create branded content. The Aim According to their own words, the aim of the community is to “connect to brands looking for talent. Share with your creative peers. Show off your portfolio in all its HD glory. Manage projects. Take your career to the next level.” (“Poptent” n. p.) In addition, they offer their services to brand marketers, “Poptent offers a range of customized solutions, to fit every marketing need and budget. We’ll make it work for you” (Poptent n. p.). About (History) The community operates since 2008. Since then, the company worked with more than 500 companies and other major brands. It connects “top brand advertisers and advertising agencies with 20,000 independent video creators across the US and more than 80 other countries” (Schoneveld n. p.). It has become one of the leading advertizing outsourcing sites which services are currently used by such big companies as Harley Davidson and even Proctor & Gamble (Lake n. p.). The creators of the site comment on their work, “within our social network of videographers, we maintain the highest standard of production excellence and technological insights” (“Popten” n. p.). Recently, they introduced new service “short films”. It offers filmmakers produce commercials and advertising videos (“Popten.net – Crowdsourcing Video Platform” n. p.). In 2011, they opened a new office in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Opportunities It offers marketers and companies to buy custom brand content for comparatively low prices. It works due to the outsourcing techniques. They also provide young a talented people to make a big time and implement their ideas. Anyone who is related somehow to advertising and consumer-generated videos, social network and user-generated content can join the community. Recent News Recently, the company broadened its borders. They opened offices in San Paulo. The reasons of such decision were commented in Poptent press release: “Brazil is one of the world’s faste
Introduction Beauty therapy is one of the oldest practices in human history. The desire to be attractive is one of the strongest forces that any rational person cannot resist. People always want to be acceptable and respected among the peers and members of the society. However, many people tend to victimise and even discriminate against people who have less attractive looks. It is for these reasons that many people around the world, especially women, take their time to refine their looks. This has made beauty therapy a critically important in the modern society. Hairdressing is one of the most popular forms of beauty therapy (Yang, 2011). Through personal experiences, the researcher noticed that hairdressers act as counsellors because people often go to them for professional advice when they have issues relating to their hair. This study will pay special attention to hairdressing as an aspect of beauty therapy. The researcher will critically evaluate the impact of beauty therapy on a person’s mood and well-being. Research questions In order to guide the process of conducting this study, the researcher considered it appropriate to come up with appropriate research questions. The following are the main research questions that will guide the process of collecting data. Does beauty therapy affect a person’s mood and wellbeing, how? Justification of research question The above questions seek to address fundamental issues regarding the issue of beauty therapy. The first research question seeks to determine if beauty therapy has any effect on a person’s mood and well being. If the answer to the first question is yes, then the second question will investigate how beauty therapy affects a person’s mood and well being. Review of Literatures Beauty therapy has been practiced for a very long time in human history. Beauty therapy refers to the process of treating the face and body using cosmetics and body massage in order to be more attractive. For a very long time, beauty therapy has been used by both men and women, but with some variations. For instance, in some communities, beauty therapy involved permanent physical modification of the skin. Practices such as tattooing and ear piercing have been very common not only in the Western countries but also in other communities around the world. In other cases, the beauty therapists would apply make ups which are not permanent. This involved plaiting of the hair, application of oil in the face, hair and other parts of the body. According to Ursula and Black (2001), hairdressing has remained very popular, especially among the African and Muslim ladies. Taylor (2004) says that the primary role of beauty therapy is to make a person to appear more attractive that would be the case if the make-ups are not added. At this stage, it is important to looks at the effect of beauty therapy
What is Copyright? Copyright is a legal term under many intellectual property statutes. The term means that the creator of a work that must be original has the right to that work. The rights under copyright law are exclusive and last for a specified period of time. The right has many other rights that accrue from it. They include the right to be credited in instances where the piece of work is used. The copyright holder has the right to benefit financially from his or her work. He or she has the right to determine who may adapt the work and to ensure that the person who adapts the work upholds his or her moral rights under the copyright. In its initial stages, copyright was misconstrued as a way of government limiting people from copying without permission. Upon creation of a copyright, the holder gets automatic protection and there is no need for registering the copyright like patents or other forms of intellectual property. On the other hand, both published and unpublished works fall under the scope of copyright protection (Torremans, 2007). History of copyright The history of copyright is traceable to the 14 th century. It should be understood that the law got into America through England by the virtue of America being a former colony of England. America made its own laws to protect copyright after the Revolutionary War. The American consti
Introduction This paper presents research on the reasons companies have low competitiveness in marketing and possible solutions to their problem. It suggests that good product design can improve a firm’s performance. The paper explains the significance of the problem, provides the findings of current studies on the topic, and identifies possible ways for improving an organizations’ position in the market. This paper concludes that it is crucial to consider product design as a factor that contributes to a company’s competitiveness. Statement of the Problem Globalization has “created new frontiers for competition” in marketing, which means that the success of an organization is determined by its ability to meet the current requirements of the market (Brondoni, 2015, p. 13). A firm’s competitiveness is determined by its ability to mobilize its resources to produce products that are superior to the ones offered by other manufacturers (Ghosh, Kumuthadevi, & Jublee, 2016). The low level of competitiveness of some companies may be caused by various internal and external factors. They include the firms’ inability to concentrate on long-term goals, a lack of cooperation between their teams, poor disposition of funds, and bad working environment. However, the most significant reason for a lack of competitiveness is associated with products and their design, which may include the materials used for construction, colors, aesthetic form, and packaging. Poor design can make products unsuitable for customers’ needs and the organization’s manufacturing capabilities, as well as result in a low level of quality, which can lead to decreased competitiveness. The recent interest in the top marketing companies’ product design proves the significance of the issue for firms’ competitiveness. Many of them have started to perceive design as
Law enforcement with an emphasis on crime prevention is the main objective of any police department. It is widely recognized that without the assistance of the people themselves, combating crime cannot succeed. The partnership of the police with the society strengthens the citizens’ trust in law, increases their satisfaction with the work of the police, and encourages them to render all the possible help. The participation in the Neighborhood Watch program requires the desire to contribute to the creation of safer living conditions, reducing fear, and preventing violence. Problems Either success or failure of the Neighborhood Watch program depends on those involved in its implementation, the level of professionalism and innovation in the work of the police departments as well as the desire of the community members to contribute to the common goal. Today, the key problem is to awaken the public consciousness, namely, neighborhood supervision and control that would promote timely provision of information to the police (Siegel, 2015). The public should assist the police in collecting data on drunkenness and drug addiction densities, potential explosives, other prohibited items, car thieves, extremists and citizens involving minors in antisocial activities, etc. Considering that the formal side of the participation in the program of the Neighboring Watch is minimal and the main goal is to promote the desire to create safer conditions of life, it is necessary to develop and implement a range of strategies. Kang (2015) claims that many people prefer not to participate in the mentioned program due to both individual and neighbor-related factors, among which there are stability and attachment of residents and the contextual effect. In particular, people with the higher stability tend to participate in the program as well as those living in the criminal areas. It is important then to identify any other factors related to the extent of participation in the program and address the existing challenges. Kappeler and Gaines (2012) specify the problem of public mistrust to the police that is caused by the lack of openness regarding the initiatives of the latter. The authors stress that there is a need to demonstrate community members the integrity of the police and society. Potential Solutions To ensure that the activities of the Neighborhood Watch program
Change Theory Matrix Change Theories Behaviourism     Kolb’s experiential  Carl Roger’s Humanist Purpose of the change model       To focus on and learn from what is directly observable                                                                                                                                                Learning from experience                                                                                                                                                                                                     Learning by oneself with help of facilitator                                                                                                                                                  Historical/political perspective  Idea born as Pavlovian conditioning or classical conditioning by Ivan Pavlov in 1927. Interpreted reflexes in dogs salivating at the sight of the lab technician who fed them as conditioned.         Kolb’s research in 1984 provided the approach                                                                                                                                                                                Carl Rogers proposed the humanistic approach or theory of the self, based on the phenomenal field personality theory of Combs and Syngg in 1951                                               Structure/methodology             Learning is the product of the stimulus conditions (S) and the responses (R) that follow. After a few responses to a conditioned stimulus, the response would occur even with a neutral stimulus.     Learning occurs from one’s own experience, its reflection, forming concepts from what is learned and then actively using the new ideas in practice. Learning could go through many cycles before the learning is complete.   Self-concept is the basis. The facilitator helps the students to achieve their own learning. The student puts in his thoughts and information. Evaluation is also done by the student                                           The strength is that it is a good method to be used in nursing education.                                                                                                                             The strength is that the will to learn is the basis of learning from experience.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Strengths/weakness                The weakness is that this is a teacher-centred model and can be used to manipulate students.                                                                                                          The weakness is that evaluation of learning is not possible in this model. Transfer of knowledge to workplace situation is also doubtful.                                                                                    The learner is responsible fo
Stress is an unbalanced state of the body that results in feeling of unrest and unease. Stress is not attributable to any single factor but results from a myriad of reasons. Stress attacks people indiscriminately. However, stress differs with the various situation of each person. Employment is part of the many springs of stress. Tasks at employment put most individual under certain form of pressure, which is hugely due the targets that the employer wants accomplished. Given my position, I deal with multiple employees’ problems. Notably, it is difficult to diagnose an employee with stress problems since this problem emerges in various forms. Most employee show up late, uninterested in employment and are unproductive. Essentially, one cannot diagnose stress since it interlaces with other problems that are superficial and easy to identify (Smith & Segal 2011). Based on my experience, I know the workers who are susceptible to stress. Moreover, the workforce undertakes stress tests. The above tests give us insight in to the capability of the staff members to deal with demanding situations. Experience gathered, has made me acknowledge that stress is subjective since each employee’s situation is unique. Therefore, no formulated resolutions exist to any stress incidence. Each stress situation requires independent consideration. Thus, each case demands a unique solution that fits the scenario (Green ND). Stress management requires an ardent listener who analyzes the problem critically. This gives you sufficient understanding enabling formulation of a resolution to the problem. Overtime, I have gained sizeable proficiency in stress management. This has culminated from dealing with numerous stress cases. Dealing with these cases has demanded patience and understanding since these are the core traits required of any individual who want to resolve such cases. In sum, I bear substantial skills in stress management. However, my expertise needs improve in certain areas (McCue & Sachs 1991, p 2276). Modern lifestyles pose numerous challenges to people thus stress is intrinsically present. Key to stress management is the capability to identify a victim. Naturally, stress is not superficial thus, making it challenging to identify a victim. In addition, superficial symptoms obscure stress identification hence making it exigent to diagnose. I reckon my stress management expertise needs enhancement in areas that relate to diagnosis of stress. Sufferers of stress vary; some are eager to admit their situation while others do not. It is thus, vital to recognize individuals who fail to disclose their situation. My urge to improve my expertise in stress identification originates from an intrinsic sentiment that most stressed persons fail to divulge their situations. Failure to disclose your ci
Introduction Of all the great writers, artists and other literary figures who dotted the landscape of the Harlem Renaissance, Zora Neale Hurston is one of the most well known woman-writers, known for her searing portrayals of Negro life at the time. There was a certain rawness in her characters that left you in no doubt about their intense feelings of shame, hurt, repression and resignation that characterised their difficult lives. Sweat is no exception. R.S. Gwynn has put together as much of a literary treat as possible, by combining texts with helpful notes and other relevant information. A touch of her own life Hurston’s early life and initial experiences of racial discrimination have found their way into the story. There are quite a few similarities that are portrayed: one is the area in which the principal character of the book, resides. It is largely similar to the town in which Hurston spent her childhood, Eatonville. It was here that the White and Black communities were deeply mindful of the racial lines that were sharply drawn. The area in which the White people lived was inaccessible to those of the other community. It was a dream location where money flowed freely and one did not have to slog with chores at home or elsewhere for that matter. The second similarity is the relationship that Hurston shared with her employer – one of dependence that was based on this unquenchable thirst for recognition and acceptance. This is a recurring theme throughout the book. Delia and her travails Sweat is about the life and times of Delia, a black woman who does people’s laundry for a living. A church-going dutiful wife, she puts up with the all the abuse (both mental and physical) and philandering of her husband of fifteen years. She is literally at the end of her tether when her husband Sykes flaunts his latest woman on the one hand and exhibits sadistic traits by bringing a rattlesnake into the house, on the other. There are moments of revelation and surprise when Sykes realises that Delia could also be assertive, at times. The people of the town are witness to this appalling situation where cruelty and lack of feeling seem to be the principal emotions that are played out, day after tiring day. The story ends with Sykes being paid back in his own coin: the rattlesnake he brought in to scare his wife finds its way into his bed, only to fatally attack him. Delia does nothing to help him, though she