ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Positive Aspects Literature is intended to act as a mirror to society. Motivational books, which are part of this literature, have created their space in the literary world as encouraging sources of information. Hill (2005) wrote the book Think and Grow Rich against this background. Hill uses the book to motivate people to seek wealth, one of the most valued aspects of contemporary life. One of the most positive aspects of the book is the vivid description used to motivate the reader. Any motivational text is required to provide instructions or advise in a sequential manner. Hill (2005) aptly makes use of this skill in the book. He uses several chapters to explain how one can get rich. The chapters illustrate a step by step sequence of how wealth can be acquired. As such, the organization is one of the attributes of the book that I liked. Negative Aspects Motivational books are used to bring hope to people who would otherwise be in despair. As such, it is essential that for texts to be brief. Hill (2005) has used more than 300 pages of motivation. One may argue that such a huge volume is necessary owing to the details required. However, a critical review reveals that the book has so many chapters that have overlapping information. For instance, when the author mentions Desire as the first step, there is no need to have Self-Suggestion as the third step. One way of making the book a manageable read is by reducing or removing redundant chapters. The book fails to realize the need for conciseness. The failure is one of the things I dislike about Think and Grow Rich. Memorable Principles I find the book to be quite motivational in terms of the principles advanced. Hill (2005) suggests that the first step to riches is Desire. The step is the first memorable principle in the book. The author states that one must have an interest in acquiring riches. Secondly, the book presents faith as an important ingredient in the journey towards success. Hill (2005) suggests that devotion is the fuel needed to support the activities that yield wealth. An example of Abraham Lincoln helps to support the notion. The third memorable principle is the issue of specialized knowledge. Hill (2005) asserts that organized and intelligently directed knowledge is a sure way of attracting money. The principle appreciates the place of education but introduces the aspect of specialization in one’s occupation. Specialization helps to sharpen one’s
The attitude of employees to ethics and moral norms, both corporate and social, often reflect that of their employers, and if managers and leaders are found to be breaking the law, circumventing the prevalent code of ethics, and generally falling into different ethical traps, where they lose the track of what is right and wrong, the rest of the staff likely follows suit (McDonald, 2014). By developing effective ethical policies, the company clearly establishes to the stakeholders their appropriate code of conduct supported by procedures that enable these regulations to work, and which prevent ethical degradation from occurring. The best way to integrate them is by launching training plans which coach the staff on their ethical policies. This paper looks at the company “Holy Angels”, the work conditions that served as the context for the establishment of its ethics policies, the policies themselves, as well the appropriate training plans to achieve maximum recognition of their purpose, as well as the appropriate ways to follow them to the best of their ability. The Evaluated Company The company that is being studied for its ethics policies caters to people with developmental disabilities and mental retardation, and its mission is to provide spiritual, physical, educational, social, and emotional support for individuals with varying levels of mental retardation. Since the company is already working in a very sensitive area of the industry, with a lot of media attention attached to it, it has to maintain the pristine reputation and, consequently, a perfect ethics track record. “Holy Angels” achieves this by regularly conducting different annual tests meant to evaluate their employees for unfavorable habits or attitudes and provide feedback on it. Additionally, the company has a number of policies referring to specific types of ethical misconduct. It opposes harassment of people based on their sex, race, religion, nationality, physical or mental disability, or other similar reasons. It also includes discrimination and threatening and destructive behavior. The Corporate Leadership Team and Executive Leadership Team directors are responsible for the policies which guarantee fair treatment to everyone. Policy development also includes on-site training for employees, and they are fully expected to follow all of the policies. These regulations are enforced on every level of the company, with no exempted parties, and every conflict needs to be resolved. Despite having policies for specific misdemeanors, “Holy Angels” don’t have a recorded code of ethics and rely on the judgment calls of the employees and managers responsible for maintaining order. The Company Policies Employee Conduct Policy and List of Misconduct This is the principle ethic policy of the company, as it contains the majority of actions an individual can
Introduction The phenomena of the discovering and prosecution of hidden witches, presently defined as a witch-hunt or witch trial, existed in Europe from the Late Antiquity, during the Middle Ages, and until the Early Modern Period. Most of the studies are dedicated to the period after 1600 when the witch-hunt culminated. At the same time, much fewer works focus on the Middle Ages, probably because witchcraft practice seems to be more diverse and ambiguous at that time. This research will try to fill this time gap, analyzing the information about specificities of the witch-hunt in Europe during the Middle Ages. It will particularly focus on diverse definitions of witchcraft and, therefore, of those considered witches. Research Questions  1. The historical background of witchcraft and witch-hunt (considering its preconditions in the Late Antiquity and early Christianity).  2. Specificities of the witch-hunt in the Middle Age, compared to the previous and subsequent eras.  3. The concepts and definitions of magic and witchcraft, which determine the principle of setting the targets for the accusation.  4. The diversity of the targets of the witch-hunt, and the role of the superstitions in it: real and imagined witches.  5. What served as evidence of witchcraft, allowing the witch trial to be committed. Annotated Bibliography Dunn, Sarah. The mark of the Devil: Medical Proof in Witchcraft Trials . 2017. The University of Louisville, Master’s Thesis. ThinkIR University of Louisville’s Institutional Repository, doi.org/10.18297/etd/2804 This Master’s thesis evaluates the importance given to physical evidence of witchcraft. For this purpose, the author brings together the examination of the bodily features or states, which are assumed to be signs of the possession or the presence of the Devil’s force in a human. These symptoms include “physical convulsions, extra-ordinary facial or bodily contortions, levitation, exceptional strength,” as well as no visible signs, such as “speaking unknown foreign languages, babbling meaningless phrases, and impenetrable silence” (Dunn 23). This work, although belonging to a young scholar (Ph.D., Northwestern University, 2017), provides valuable data based on the vast literature on witchcraft. The research might be useful for those who need general information about the body in the context of magical abilities. It might be connected to the research question about the evidence of witchcraft. The ways of finding the targets of the witch-hunt are also described in this dissertation. The link between heresies and magic practices could be a subject of reflection within the question about the definitions of witchcraft. Goodare, Julian. The European Witch-Hunt. Routledge, 2016. This study examines the history of the witch-hunt in early modern Europe in the era of Reformation and Counter-Reformation. However, individual chapters are dedicated to its historical background, referring to the Antiquity sinc
The efficiency and justifiability of drug pricing in the pharmaceutical industry are exposed to continuous controversy. According to the statistic indications, billions of dollars are invested in pharmaceutical research and the development of the novel medicine. The processes of drug elaboration are costly, and by setting high prices, the enterprises attempt to reimburse these costs and expenses. However, drug pricing is an issue for the majority of consumers and patients with severe health conditions worldwide. People experience difficulties in purchasing medicine that can relieve their pain and save their lives, and it seems that the pharmaceutical companies’ principal motivation is profitability. Therefore, the question of the ethics of drug pricing remains open. The cancer drugs are the most expensive in the industry. It takes up to $1 billion to bring a drug to market. The research and development processes, clinical trials, advertising of the effective drug comprise millions of dollars. Nowadays, the value of the US Healthcare system is equal to $2.7 trillion. According to the statistics, the US Healthcare system is twice expensive than in European countries. The heavy expenses for drug production are inevitably reflected in the pricing strategies adopted by the enterprises. Many cases of the exorbitant prices for the drugs from the sole-source generic companies are known. For example, Daraprim, the medicine for the cancer treatment, costs $750 per pill. The drug developer has rapidly increased the price from $13.50 to $750, and its pricing decision is widely criticized. Imprimis Pharmaceuticals, along with many other representatives of the industry, show the immoral and unethical approach towards the business contact by reducing or even excluding the consumer-oriented aspect from the pricing strategies. While US pharmaceutical enterprises receive up to $800 million of the annual revenues, the patients strive to get access to life-saving drugs. In a relatively short period of time, the prices increased two times, making the drugs even more unapproachable for the people with the average or low-income. Nowadays, the monthly costs for cancer drugs constitute the sum of nearly $10 thousand. Such expenses are unaffordable for the majority of patients. In this way, the exceeding prices frequently induce bankruptcy. Despite the widespread unethical trend in drug pricing, many of the medical researchers and doctors contribute their time and efforts to fight the current pricing policies and create the opportunities for the patients to purchase the lower-cost drugs. For example, Glaxocline Smith and Novo Nordisk offer up to 90% discounts for drugs in low-income developing countries. It is recognized by the governments worldwide that the biopharmaceutical sector plays a significant role in the economy both on the regional and global scales. Thus, the Chinese government included the evolvement of the local industry in its five-year economic plan, and they intend to invest $1.5 billion for the establishment of new pharmaceutical enterprises. The development of the sector
The Proposed Change In the current workplace, the most appropriate change would be the increase in the awareness of nurses regarding the methods of dealing with patients with ADHD. It is conditional upon the fact that there are many misconceptions in this area leading to the lack of seriousness when approaching this issue. As a result, the practitioners do not provide the required assistance to people with this condition. Therefore, it is vital to develop a project targeting their understanding and actions deriving from the corresponding needs to improve the mental health of the population. Steps to Facilitate the Change In this case, a unit manager would be responsible for facilitating the change as per Lewin’s theory. First, they should demonstrate the statistics of adverse outcomes of untreated ADHD to nursing personnel to convince them of the necessity of a change (“Lewin’s change theory,” n.d.). Second, this task should be followed by an explanation of their benefits in the situation if they help implement the project, including the effectiveness of their work and the decrease in stress. These ideas will be combined at the stage of unfreezing and help make a change in the long run for the benefit of both hospital employees and their patients. Force Field Analysis: Facilitators and Barriers The potential facilitators associated with a Force Field Analysis of the proposed change include the agreement of all participants on the necessity of implementing the project after its presentation and the subsequent discussion. These two factors will be beneficial for underpinning the willingness of the personnel to act on factual information and ensuring the inclusion of all nurses in the process (“Lewin’s change theory,” n.d.). In turn, the barriers would be the loss of time by staff and the need to develop new techniques without prior experience. Thus, this information will be utilized for providing direction for the work. Reference Lewin’s change theory. (n.d.). Nursing Theory. Web.
The world picture of today has a particular thing of the past in terms of piracy emergence and its drawing ahead. The thing concerns the multiple examples of pirates’ captures of vessels, mainly of merchant destinations. The route coming through the Gulf of Aden is characterized by a long coastline that belongs to Somalia. This factor is a major catalyst for the raptures and attacks of pirates operating with hooks and various kinds of ladders along with arms of different types who are highly intended to gain what they need from this or that capture of a ship. The New York Times previous reports published, after the pirates seized the Alabama Maersk ship, that notwithstanding the current protection of Aden waters by the American Navy ships the cases of piracy are still observed (Piracy at Sea, para. 3). This is caused by the internal lawlessness in the country of Somalia and the fact that violence on land presupposes violence on the sea. (Kaplan, para. 1). Here the theme of stakeholders involved in process of gaining money is rather significant. The amounts of money are really too high and present hundreds of million of dollars a year. The anarchy inside Somali presupposes an engagement of higher layers of their society headed by warlords. Under their commands, the pirates search for probable emergence of a ship loaded with some goods, especially strategic, as in the example with Ukrainian freighter ‘Faina’, and then using fast-moving ships try to seize a gigantic ship by means of weapon menace. Ship crews are the direct victims suffering from pirates’ invasion and disturbances along with injuries that may be caused easily by cruel pirates. This lasts until a shipowner company or a shipowner pays a ransom for people’s life and cargo on the ship. What is more, Somalia Government is helpless in this situation because of political disorientation and a state of constant war, particularly, in Mogadishu, where the population from early childhood is brought up in circumstances of violent relationships (Kaplan, para. 2). International communities provide today a wide control over the water in the Gulf of Aden supporting the international ships sailing through this strategic point of international ways of trade. This also cannot restrain the power of piracy near Somalia. Maersk shipping giant is a well-known carrier of goods by sea in the world and its logistic structure presupposes the main point of the delivery of goods to a customer in time. Here the company urges to make out strategic priorities, financial aids, and schedule of such initiatives (Wagner & Busse, p. 142). The fact of piracy is a great obstacle for a company when providing routes to the eastern coast of Africa and to the Mid
The meeting with the decision-makers at the practicum site, the hospital, allowed discussing the current problems that are encountered by the chosen healthcare organization. Among other issue, postpartum hemorrhage was noted as the key traumatic event that can appear in the process of delivery. In New York City, maternal mortality rate was estimated at 20.7 per 100,000 live births in 2013-2015, among which hemorrhage counts for 23% of deaths (Pugh & Schafer, 2018). In the hospital, clinical care plays a vital role in addressing and preventing maternal hemorrhage. During the meeting, it was suggested that staff training, clear guidelines, and consulting opportunities can significantly decrease the problem (Dahlke et al., 2015). In particular, it was stated that the failure to recognize the signs and properly manage the caesarian sections are the key staff-related challenges. In consistence with the Healthy People 2020 initiative, it is expected to reduce the number caesarian sections for low-risk mothers. In the view of the identified practicum site and problem, it is important to develop skills and knowledge of nurses who are engaged in the delivery process, playing a critical role in potential changes. The PICOT question can be formulated as follows: In registered nurses working in delivery units, what is the effect of an educational program on reducing postpartum hemorrhage in patients compared to a traditional approach within six months? Currently, there is no special training to improve the ability of nurses to impact the discussed problem. The participants of the DNP project should be offered testing before and after the program, and their expertise will also be measured based on patient data. The project implementation is expected to take six months, of which the first month will be devoted to the preparation and education. The identified period seems to be sufficient to allow nurses to implement newly obtained skills and knowledge into practice. This PICOT question may change to test the results on different settings or timeframe. Lewin’s change model seems to be relevant to apply in the DNP project as there is a need to create the sense of change necessity in the hospital. The first stage of this model is defrosting that involves understanding the situation, determining the driving forces, and a description of the desired final state. The second stage of changing marks the process of transition from one state to another. Lewin compared this stage with the movement or the journey that is made to overcome problems. This stage involves the participation and involvement of the organization’s staff. Management needs to maintain employees’ belief in success and a clear picture of the image of their desired future. The ultimate stage of refreezing is the stabilization of the organization and strengthening of a new position. At the third stage, it is proposed to use such tools as the institutionalization of new approaches, including new standards, norms, policies, and a remuneration system. The fact that a lot of women decease or have complic
Introduction There are many factors that one has to account for when describing a good leader. Some leaders are charismatic, while others possess a great ability to inspire other people and highlight their strengths. However, one interpretation of leadership is the ability to introduce new ideas and move forward with concepts, even if they are deemed controversial or unimportant at the time. This description fits the political and advocacy career of Aminata Touré, a Senegalese politician. Most notably, she served as a Prime Minister of Senegal for less than one year. Still, she remains a prominent political figure in her country as well as several other African nations. Her unwavering vision of gender equality and anti-corruption has led to her being dubbed “Iron Lady” by the press (Moshenberg). Although Aminata Touré did not serve in the country for long, her dedication and ability to make difficult decisions make her a great leader. Biography Overview Aminata Touré’s history of striving to improve human rights in Africa started long before her nomination as the Prime Minister. She has worked in various campaigns since 1996 in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and the United States (“Present and Future of Africa”). She mostly collaborated with the United Nations Population Fund during this time. Moreover, as she received her education as an academic, she also published several articles and comments in such journals as The Lancet . There, she posed that gender equality, human rights, and health rights are interconnected (Belhadj and Touré 2008). Thus, she had a long academic and advocacy career before becoming a politician. In 2012, she became the Justice Minister of Senegal, and her focus was on anti-corruption campaigns (Moshenberg). However, she did not abandon her goals of improving human rights, which could be seen in her cabinet nominations. In a year, she left this position to become the Prime Minister, which she held from September 2013 to July 2014 (“Present and Future of Africa”). Later, even though she lost the election, she stayed prominent in local and international politics. President Macky Sall appointed her as a Special Envoy several months later. Now, Aminata Touré continues to campaign for human rights and the prosperity of African countries. She frequently gives speeches and is invited to d
Introduction The legend of the Bluebeard ascends to the early 15 th century, reciting the story of Gilles de Rais – a nobleman from Brittany, the late Marshal of the French army, and a companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc. Accused of practicing occultism, demon summoning, and mass murder, de Rais was sentenced to death via hanging and burning by the secular court, the sentence executed on 26 th of October 1440. Although Gilles de Rais did not kill his wife, and his supposed crimes involved children murder rather than women, the presence of a real person behind the fairy tale continues to fascinate creators throughout history. Exploring The Bloody Chamber The grotesque motif of a middle-aged serial killer with a room full of his previous spouses’ bodies is a centerpiece of the short novel The Bloody Chamber . Written masterfully by Angela Carter, the story explores a traditional narrative of a young girl married to an older French Marquis against her direct will. Following her curiosity, the girl finds her husband’s pornography collection and, instead of recoiling in disgust, takes her pleasure in exploiting it. This creates an unusual juxtaposition of primordial innocence and primal temptation of lust, which greatly diverts the story from the stereotypic retelling of a children’s tale to the new grounds of “adult novel”. Supporting this claim, Lokke (1988) states that “This tale of the wealthy, seemingly chivalrous aristocrat who murders seven young brides and inters them in his cellar brings together violence and love, perversion and innocence, death and marriage in an unsettling combination” (p. 7). This approach to a well-known plot confuses the audience’s expectations, causing a clash between the supposed need for a happy-ending and the inherent tendency for violence in the mind of the reader. Exploring Rebecca Rebecca is claimed by critics worldwide to be one of the most brilliant works of Alfred Hitchcock. The grim atmosphere of a black-and-white film compliments the haunting presence of the main hero’s dead wife, Rebecca, creating a powerful psychological pressure on the characters on the screen and viewers alike. In contrast to the Bluebeard ’s and The Bloody Chamber ’s traditional setting of a male villain, the story concentrates on dissecting the hidden motivation of every character, including the ghost of Rebecca. Although at first, the narrative still hints at Maxim de Winter being the “Bluebeard” and killing his first wife in murderous anger. However, when his deeper self begins to unfold, the viewer can see that he is more of a victim rather than an abuser. The climax not only puts a point to the long story of betrayals and lies but it also becomes a first step in M