ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Qualitative research has achieved status and visibility in social science and particularly in the health care field. The goal of qualitative research is to answer questions that are not answered by quantitative research. Qualitative research helps researchers to gain a more detailed understanding of a specific phenomenon of interest (Gerrish & Lacey, 2010). It also helps one to understand and explain unusual situations that could not be identified through large-scale quantitative methods. This paper analyzes qualitative research issues in diabetes management in elderly patients. Qualitative research methods The qualitative research methodology aims to investigate why there are high cases of elderly people getting diabetes. It also aims to find out the causes which result from the elderly people suffering from diabetes. There are different methods of qualitative research which include: Participatory action research This method aims at working towards greater participation in healthcare so that people can contribute their ideas which will help the researchers to plan and take effective action. In the healthcare practice, it’s vital to involve a participatory approach to many of the research activities, to come up with acceptable results for both practitioners, patients, and significant others. This kind of research can involve interviewing elderly people who are in diabetes to understand the cause of the disease among them. Discourse analysis Discourse analysis provides an opportunity to investigate the definition in both cultural and conversational aspects, which “encompasses a broad range of theories, topics and analytical explanation of language use” (Grbich, 1999, p.98). Discourse analysis is more than just understanding the language concept. It is associated with social undertones in general interactions. Discourse analysis involves listening to people’s conversations and analyzing them for meaning. This is a very important part of nursing research as opinions would only be acquired through listening. It involves collecting qualitative data in the form of other people’s discourses or conversations. These conversations can be in written form and can include texts. Discourse analysis is interested in people talking and in interactions between people. It looks more specifically at conversation and the effect of culture. One of the main features is the examination of the people understand language and how it can be differently interpreted by different people in different situations (Mann, 2006). Ethnographic study The ethnographic study aims at understanding the culture and characteristics of patients. Interview questions will be set, focusing on how patients perceive themselves. The research method will aim at developing a story of the patients and how they can live with the disease. The ethnographic study provides the researcher with a much more comprehensive perspective. By observing the actual behavior of people in their natural
Summary In early November 2014, Home Depot announced that criminals had hacked into the company’s system and made away with 56 million credit and debit card numbers. The disclosure “Officially made the incident the largest retail card breach on record” (Rosenblatt, 2014, para. 3). On September 2, 2014, the company announced that it had suspected a security breach in its data system. However, the company reassured the clients that it had managed to contain the breach. As though stealing the credit and debit card numbers was not enough, the hackers also stole 53 million email addresses. Home Depot is doing all it can to fix the problem and restore client confidence. Impact on security issues The cyberattack on Home Depot left the company prone to phishing in the future. Presently, hackers hold vital information and email details for customers. Therefore, they can use this information to implore for more information from the customers (Mitchell, 2014). For instance, hackers may use the information from credit cards to send emails to unknowing clients. The incident left the customers vulnerable to subsequent cyber-attacks since the hackers had all the information they needed to execute their attacks. The attack had a direct impact on data security in electronic commerce. Many people are concerned about the safety of their online data. Therefore, companies are trying to reinforce their data security. Presently, institutions, which use online transactions, are installing systems with enhanced safety. For instance, Home Depot has already rolled out a payment system that guarantees advanced data encryption (Mitchell, 2014). What’s more, enterprises in e-commerce are collaborating with card companies and banks to beef up security. Credit card companies have been advised to implement microchips to make online transactions secure. Personal opinion A number of lessons can be learned from the Home Depot incident. First, all enterprises are susceptible to cyberattacks no matter their size (Cavusoglu, Mishra & Raghunathan, 2004). One could not imagine that a big company like Home Depot could fall prey to hackers. The incident was a wake-up call to all businesses to invest in data protection before they fall prey to cyber-attacks. Miyaz
Introduction The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were the era of newspapers. The twentieth century was the era of television. Apparently, the twenty-first century is the era of the Internet (Weber, 2009). Several decades ago people thought that the Internet is one of those useless inventions which would be soon forgotten. However, the Internet has penetrated people’s life at various levels (Brown, 2009). Interestingly, recently people have thought that social networks are for teenagers who like sharing photos and some other type of information. Nowadays people have understood the power of the Internet. At present the Internet as well as social networks are used by educators, healthcare specialists, politicians and marketers (Bowles, 2010). For instance, now educators are trying to incorporate social web during their lectures to involve into discussion as many students as possible. People can also search for the necessary information about medication or healthcare services online. Social web was used during the presidential election in 2008 (Brown, 2009). It goes without saying that marketers have already acknowledged a variety of advantages of the Internet and social networking. The present paper focuses on the role social web plays in the contemporary business world. It touches upon advantages, disadvantages, benefits, and possible threats of using social Web in business. Defining the Phenomenon In the first place, it is important to define the phenomenon. Admittedly, to understand the role of social web it is essential to clearly understand what social web is. There are quite many definitions which deal with different aspects of the phenomenon. However, to observe the role of social web in the business world it is possible to use the viewpoint of Brian Solis who sees the social Web as one of the means of communication. The researcher provides a comprehensive definition for social media: which represents a
For centuries on end, people have been trying to cognize and comprehend the essence of their existence in the world. The mystery of the meaning of life has been representing an everlasting challenge for those who give it a thought and philosophers have been striving to solve the riddle of the purport of life, each in his way, never achieving an answer which could be universal for the whole humankind. Among the seekers of the sense of life was the American metaphysician Robert Taylor, whose essay “The Meaning of Life” addresses the title issue in a thought-provoking way that involves a negative proof: in his search for meaningfulness Taylor goes from meaninglessness to meaning, and the latter is claimed to be dual thus dividing into subjective and objective meaning. Contemplating the meaning of life, Taylor assumes that initially, life does not possess a meaning bestowed from without it comes from within, from living beings themselves, depending on what value they ascribe to their activities (28). The whole process of existence is compared by the philosopher to the famous legend about Sisyphus, who rolls endlessly a heavy stone up the hill — an activity never ceasing and leading to no result. The absence of result constitutes, according to Taylor, the absence of any objective meaning to Sisyphus’s activity, as his labors come to nothing (21). Does this mean that Sisyphus’s life, and in a broader sense, all life on earth is devoid of meaning at all? Answering this question, Taylor provides a ray of hope by stating that however senseless one’s activities may seem from an objective point of view, still, meaningfulness could “make an appearance” on condition that Sisyphus attaches personal importance to what he is doing, e.g. is driven by a “strange irrational impulse”, a “perverse desire to do something [objectively] pointless” (22). As soon as Sisyphus himself feels a desire to do precisely what he has been doomed to do due to objective circumstances, his activities and life, on the whole, acquires a mission and meaning of his fate (Taylor 22). Thus develops the concept of ‘subjective meaning’, which can be described as the personal importance ascribed by the doer to his activities. Continuing his development of the ‘subjective meaning’ idea, Taylor envisages the whole range of diverse forms of life that are involved in ex fact ‘meaningless’ (i.e., devoid of objective meaning) actions that nevertheless constitute the meaning of life to those who accomplish them. Luminous worms
Psychology Discuss internal and external employee equity Internal employee equity refers to the justness that takes place where the employer pays his or her employees their due wages that are commensurate with the value of the job they do. According to Al-Zawahreh and Al-Madi (2012, p.158), internal equity is highly dependent on how the employer perceives the work done by his or her employees. On the other hand, external employee equity is evidenced when the employer pays his employees at a rate that is commensurate with the prevailing external labor markets. External equity is dependent on the employer’s ability to assess the labor market. Internal equity requires that the employer understand the essence of every job in the organization. The importance of the job depends on various job-dependent factors that determine the level of compensation for specific jobs. Such factors may include education level, physical ability, level of experience, equipment to be used, management or leadership responsibility, the condition of work, contact with the public, and manual dexterity among others. Moreover, it is through job evaluation that the human resource person can determine the value of the job about the efforts required, skills, working conditions, and the responsibility of the employee. According to EL-Hajji (2011, p.31), internal equity calls for job evaluation, which is reflected in the whole job ranking, point factors, slotting, classification, factor comparison, and the use of scored questionnaires. Consequently, the level of success in internal equity depends on the accuracy of the human resource persons in job evaluation. On the other hand, external equity is dependent on the level of success that the human resource person achieves in assessing external labor markets. Labor markets differ across the world. Out of this variation, supply and demand differ by markets hence becoming very hard to set wages in some labor markets. These differences result from union status, sector of the industry, size of the organization, location, licensing, authorization demands for the job, and product competition. Criticisms of Merit Pay for Performance Systems Merit pay has been widely criticized. According to Rubery (1995, p.637), performance pay is expensive since employees need occasional compensation for a certain achievement. Most employees understand the objective of the
Case facts Cole supermarket is a supermarket chain in Australia owned by Wesfarmers. Coles and Woolworths, one of its competitors both control about 80 per cent of the Australian supermarket. There were accusations that Coles used anticompetitive practices in previous years. Some of the accusations involved the use of handed tactics against its suppliers. The managing director of Cole admitted that the company had acted inappropriately towards some of its suppliers (Ferguson 2014, par. 3). In 2004, Coles’ and Woolworths engaged in unethical business practices, but no action taken. Investigations by Australian Competition and Customer Commission (ACCC) in 2012 revealed unethical practices involving suppliers receiving anonymity. Further investigations by ACCC in 2014 showed that Coles and Woolworths used devious marketing strategies to coerce suppliers in lowering their prices. In 2014, Coles admitted of its misconduct of engaging in an unconscionable conduct scandal (ACCC 2014, par. 3). This led to the violation of the company’s ethics. While carrying out its business operations, Coles intentionally used its bargaining power in manipulating suppliers in order to increase its profitability. Coles’ treatment of its suppliers was inconsistent with the social and business standards that apply to any commercial dealings (ACCC 2014, par. 3). Coles’ unethical practices involved attempting to uphold unfair business terms, dealing unfairly with suppliers and exploiting partners with over 200 suppliers affected. Cole’s illegal engagements and unconscionable conduct involved the demanding of payments fr
Methods for tracking and status reporting The importance of information in tracking providing timely updates on different status changes cannot be overestimated. The article “A Road-Map to Personalized Context-Aware Services Delivery in Construction” (2009) addresses the issue of information delivery in the context of the construction industry. The main focus of the article is mainly on context-aware information delivery (CAID), an interaction paradigm that promises to make information delivery responsive to workers’ demands. The suitability of the article is two-fold. On the one hand, construction and project management are interrelated spheres, where each construction is a project which management relies on the project management principles. Accordingly, it is a sphere in which reporting and status changes are largely important. The article is useful in explaining the enabling technologies for which context-aware technologies in construction are applicable. Those technologies, in that regard, are applicable for tracking and status reporting in different projects regardless of the industry. The technologies include location-based services, sensor networks, RFID, and others (Aziz, Anumba, & Peña-mora, 2009, p. 463). A company for which identifying a suitable method for tracking and reporting is vital was FedEx. FedEx is a Memphis-based global transport company that managed the issue of reporting and tracking the status of their deliveries for both customers and employers through the implementation of wireless technologies. The method actually consists of several technologies implemented at once. The most important of which is wireless delivery of information to update package status, which works with portable PDAs that track its location through Global Positioning System (GPS), and transmit data through wireless connections (Aziz, et al., 2009; Murphy, 2003). If considering each delivery of a package as an individual and separate project, the next generation of wireless information allows tracking such project and reporting its status. For a service such as transportation and logistics, the timely delivery of information is crucial, and in that regard, its ca
Diabetes and Drug Treatments Differences between Types of Diabetes The first type of diabetes is Type 1 diabetes, which affects approximately 5-10 percent of all people diagnosed with this disease. This is an autoimmune disease most frequently met in children and young people under 20. The pancreas of such patients is unable to produce insulin, or its quantity is insufficient. The cause of the condition is unclear. There are scholars who believe that Type 1 diabetes is genetic, and the cells of the pancreas are not developed properly – therefore, their functioning is impaired. However, there are also those who think that the major cause of the condition is a virus that affects the pancreas, destroying its cells. The disease is incurable, and patients who suffer from it need insulin shots or a pump for life (coupled with proper nutrition to prevent blood sugar fluctuations) (Atkinson, Eisenbarth, & Michels, 2014). This type is sometimes referred to as juvenile diabetes. The second type, Type 2 diabetes, is not inborn and is typically found in elderly or overweight people (adult-onset). Yet, the number of cases of children and young people diagnosed with this type is on the rise, mainly due to fast food and inactivity. This is the most frequently met of all types of diabetes (90% cases). The key difference from the previous type is that the pancreas of patients produces insulin (although its amount can also be insufficient), but the body cannot use it in a proper way. Furthermore, unlike Type 1, Type 2 diabetes is a lifestyle disease as it mostly appears in obese people who lead a sedentary life. This implies that it can be prevented (Kahn, Cooper, & Del Prato, 2014). However, it must be noted that heredity and age also range among the risk factors. The third type is gestational diabetes, which affects pregnant women (usually during the second trimester) and is met in 4% of all cases of diabetes. Unlike the types described above, this condition disappears after the baby is delivered (although it is likely to appear in the next pregnancy). The older the woman is when she gets pregnant – the higher the risk of developing gestational diabetes. This condition also increases the patient’s risk of having Type 2 diabetes (Moyer, 2014). Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Metformin is one of the most common drugs prescribed for patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes. For proper preparation for metformin administration, the patient needs to lose weight and become more physically active since otherwise, blood suga
Business Concept Description: Wang Tea The paper targets an elaborate description of the Wang Tea business conception as well as explores the specifications of ready to drink (RTD) tea marketing in the USA. Specifically, the report puts a strong emphasis on the factors that influence human resource management within the new business enterprise. The Wang Tea industry in the USA is established on the basis of the Asian tradition of drink marketing. Thus, the described company overtook the fundamental principles of tea appreciation and extended it into a new American marketing conception. Today, a successful functioning of such brands as Bed & Breakfast, Tea Room, and Catering in the US proves that the drink starts suppressing even traditional morning coffee since a number of experts claim that healthy lifestyle lovers prefer fresh tea and believe that it can be as energizing as coffee ( Tea class, tea education, tea business, 2012). Initially, the Wang Tea production was launched in Indonesia, in 1890, and represented a synthesis of Taiwanese tea sorts ( Brief history of Wang Tea, 2014). It was believed that Wang herbal tea possessed unique treatment properties, and people started treating infectious diseases with its help (Zheng, 2009). There is also a different assumption, due to which the product stemmed from China and originated as a creation of Pedlar Wang in 1700 (Avery, 2003). The new U.S. business enterprise is located in Washington. It adopted the Asian spirit of the Wang Tea it placed it into a new setting. Thus, it aims at selling its key product in the frames of healthy, cheap, fast, and chilled tea marketing. Therefore, the concept of production represents a healthy beverage that is used by clients of any age as a healthy alternative to caffeine and carbonated drinks. The Planning of Human Resources Management The business conception of the RTD tea evolves from the idea of founding multiple stores and tea shops throughout the city, which can enhance the availability of the product. Therefore, an elaborate human resource management planning is needed so that to coordinate the work. The organizational hierarchy involves the positions of at office and distribution specialists since the production is based on offshore manufacturing and does not include the production phase. Therefore, the company follows the basic HRM model and includes the positions of manager and assistant managers and few subordinate structures (Mani, 2002). Specifically, one can differentiate the divisions of at office and at store staff as well as general technical support structure (Table 1). Table 1: Organizational Chart The management team of the company em
Towards the end of his reign as the president of the United States, Washington addressed the nation. Part of the speech was particularly based on the ideology against the formation of regional political parties. He recognized that it was normal for regional leaders to mobilize their people into political parties. He, however,, explained that such organizations would adversely impact the whole country. Washington warned against the formation of many regional-based political parties because it would jeopardize the unity of purpose of the country. These parties would trigger the regions to be more loyal to their political formations over the country’s public and wholesome interests. Each party would strive to gain strength and followership, and, in the process, there would be more divisions. Washington warned that politicians would advance their individualistic interests and ignore other important aspects of the country’s governance. He explained that the country needed strategic positioning for economic development. The achievement of this goal would not be feasible if political parties got involved in power wrangles instead of letting the government expedite the agenda of American interest and growth. Political parties would be used against the government, weakening the latter, and making it difficult to deliver on matters of national interest. Worse than that, Washington noted the fact that the country was on the verge of making history, either positively or otherwise. There was a glaring risk that some members of the international community would trigger and motivate America’s self-destruction process. This agenda would only be actionable through divisions that would take any form, such as the antagonism of political parties. Washington, therefore, wanted the best for America.