ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The total quality management (TQM) has been embraced by many organisations that aspire to achieve excellent management practices. In order to achieve the TQM, there are various excellence models applied by individual and business organisations. The models are designed to provide organisations with guidance on the improvement of business performance. According to Llusar and Martin (2008), firms use the excellence models as a framework for the implementation of TQM. Examples of the excellence models include the EFQM model and the Deming Prize Model. The following paper discusses Deming Prize criteria and explores the similarity between Deming Prize and the EFQM models. Deming Prize Criteria Deming Prize was established in 1951; since then, it has become a global prize that recognises the achievements of business and individuals in the TQM (Fasil & Osada 2010). The recognition targets organisations and people who have undertaken strategies to enhance TQM. According to Fasil and Osada (2010), Deming Prize does not have strict examination criteria. The firm applying for the award has to understand its present situation. The firm should set themes and objectives that are intended to bring about transformation in the business. Therefore, in the process of giving the prize, the examination focuses not only on the current achievements but also on the projected creation of value. Deming Prize was established to award business entities and personalities that performed exemplary in the quality control. In the assessment of the quality award, the model concentrates on specific issues that point to quality management practices. The core areas of concentration include the organisation and operation, the policy, collection and use of information and the analysis of data. In addition, Deming Prize model is concerned with the future creation of value (Fasil & Osada 2010). Therefore, it concentrates on planning for the future, standardisation, quality effects, quality assurance, education and training (Fasil & Osada, 2010). The unique feature of Deming Prize is that it is open to individuals and organisations. This is unlike the other models that solely focus on organisations. Similarities between Deming Award and EFQM The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model provides a comprehensive view of a firm. The model it is used to establish how the management tools and techniques are applied to enhance operations in an organisation. According to Kaya and Reyhani (2007), EFQM model enables the stakeholders to understand the factors that influence the operations of an organisation and its achievements. The EFQM has nine criteria that are divided into enablers and results. Results are made up of four criteria while the enablers comprise of five criteria. The nine criteria are further divided into sub-criteria. The main concentration of the criteria is on the leadership,
Many health experts have discovered that stroke is the main reason of deaths in the world, which may also cause disability in case a person survives. Due to the brain damage accompanied by the stroke, the victim needs long-term personal care to increase his/her chances to live a long life (Evashwick, 2005). Although stroke victims rarely recover, there are some cases when it takes at least two years to get over it. Stroke completely disables a victim as the one is unable to do a thing, and therefore, the patient is useless for a long period or the entire lifetime. During this period, the person will need intensive personal care and attention. Therefore, the only people able to help the stroke victim are the family members or the guardians. The most important step in handling a stroke survivor is to prepare him or her psychologically for any eventual outcome of the disability. Medical experts associate stroke with frequent back pains. It is important for the patient to understand all the possible outcomes of the stroke (Bogousslavsky, 2002). The family members should closely monitor the patient since isolating a patient on the basis of his/her disability worsens the state of health
Literature Review Financial fraud is a common phenomenon as noted earlier in this paper. Fraud is common in four major types of financial accounts that are the balance sheet that indicates the financial position of an organization at a given period, the statement showing income of an organization, the statement showing the flow of cash in the firm and the statement of the changes of equity of a given organization. On the statement of balance of the firm, fraudsters are usually interested in altering the figures of the assets, liabilities or the equity of the firm in order to portray false information regarding the position of the firm at the period. According to DeZoort et al. (2002), the manipulation of the figures could include making the firm to look like it is doing so well yet it is not, or the opposite. As noted by MacKinlay (1997), the common form of fraud in this case is minimization of the profit of the firm especially if the intention is personal gain. In addition, fraudsters can inflate the figures in cases where the firm is seeking more investment funds from the public and other investors so that an organization is presented as performing very well in terms of profitability (Ramamoorti, 2008). The statement indicating the flow of cash is significant in determining the liquidity of an organization, which in turn determines the firm’s going concern. Alteration of figures on this statement could affect the presentation of the firm’s going concern to the targeted group. For instance, the figures could be inflated to indicate a very stable condition with the firm having enough funds to meet its obligations both in the short term and immediate short term so that investors can find the firm able to survive until an unknown period in future (Palmrose, et al., 2004). Frauds in all these financial statements affect the stakeholders of the firm in one way or another. To begin with, the figures affected could be targeting investors so that they can perceive the firm as very stable and profitable and thereby ending up investing in the firm. On the contrary, fraud could enable the firm to earn a better reputation of better performance in terms of profits made. Lastly, Carpenter, Durtschi and Gaynor (2011, p. 13) argue that fraud could occur in an organization due to personal gains by the financial officers. Investigation of known cases of Financial Fraud Fraud in Atkins Trucking Corporation Fraud took place in this corporation at the time when Jenny Baker was the CFO. She had all qualifications with the latest being regulatory accounting, which had enabled her to rise quickly through the ranks and occupy her current position. Establis
I am writing to you to express my concern about alcohol and drug addiction among adults and the unfortunate state of affairs in Baltimore. I look forward to your action to make a difference as soon as possible. Let me remind you that when the state released its 2019 report on the amount of people who died from drug and alcohol addiction between January and June, the attention was on the fact that, after years of growing difficulties, the state is experiencing another reduction in drug overdoses. But while the state claims an 11 percent drop in opioid overdose deaths from the same period last year, a deeper look at the numbers reveals that the recovery is mainly in the Maryland suburbs, not in Baltimore, where authorities say most drugs are coming from in the region (Chen et.al.,2019). The use of such drugs as fentanyl, cocaine, and alcohol is one of Baltimore’s leading causes of death. The number of deaths from these drugs can even be compared to the homicide rate in the region. Baltimore accounts for just under half of all fentanyl overdose deaths in the state, as the city accounted for 44 percent of all fentanyl deaths in Maryland from January to June 2019. While a lot of the violence in Baltimore is related to the drug trade, the drugs themselves killed at least 180 more people than homicides in the city as of 2019. There is no secret that much of the drug trade in the region comes from Baltimore. Federal agents have arrested several alleged drug dealers in the past year, and an FBI special agent told an audience in Anne Arundel in 2017 that “99 percent of the heroin here comes from Baltimore” (Chen et.al.,2019). Drug and alcohol problems seem to have a significant impact on the city’s fire department. The Baltimore Behavioral Health System wrote in a grant application to expand crisis response services that “approximately 77% of ambulance calls are at least somewhat related to alcohol or drug use.” The Baltimore City Health Department and government officials and the Center for Disease Control must work closely together to create and implement an action plan to combat the problem. Baltimore’s response to opioid addiction and overdose must rely on three key pillars: overdose prevention, access to treatment, and anti-stigma education. Expanding access to naloxone, a life-saving opioid overdose reversal medicine that can prevent deaths from opioid drug poisoning, should be a significant priority of the opioid overdose prevention effort. On-demand treatment and long-term recovery services must be made more widely available. To integrate referral services with this gap in mind, the Department of Health and local partners in Baltimore should streamline existing resources and open a 24-hour phone line for patients, family members, and providers (Wen & Rawlings-Bl
Introduction Delta Synthetic Fibres (DSF) is a company engaged in the production of artificial fibre, the brand name of which is Britlene. The company heavily depends upon the sale of Britlene as it accounts for 95 per cent of total sales. The company developed a new product, namely Britlon, in the year 2006, which the company says is superior to the former product. The new product has all the qualities of Britlene but is more heat-resistant capable. The new product is likely to open up new clothing uses and industrial uses. The company could solve the problems of mass production of Britlon by late 2006. The production procedure of both Britlene and Britlon is almost similar to that of all artificial fibre products. The production involves the polymerization of an oil-based organic chemical in conditions of high pressure and heat. The raw materials for both products come from Teesside. The production of Britlene is carried out in three locations, each of which has one plant except Teesside Factory, where there are three plants. The annual production capacity of all five pants after providing for annual maintenance and shutdown is 5 million kg. All five plants operate on a 24 hours X 7 days basis. The production method of Britlon is almost similar to that of Britlene, with the exception that a new polymerization mechanism is needed for a process prior to the extraction stage. The company has approached Alpen Engineering Company, an international chemical plant construction company, for designing a large-scale plant design for the new unit. DSF now wants the working party, one committee set up by the company, to forward a proposal as to how the new product be phased into its activities. The likely capacity requirements for Delta Synthetic Fibres over the next six years (2007) Capacity Requirement Planning It is an important aspect of production management. It refers to the process of determining the production capacity needed for meeting the changing demands of customers. The central issue of capacity requirement planning is balancing t
Article Summary Over the years, environmental psychology has been referred to as a unique and specialized field in psychology, which entails the scientific study of interactions and transactions involving people and their environment. Here, the environment takes the form of built and natural human surroundings, nature, and natural resources. Additionally, environmental psychology focuses on the study of human behavior relative to the use and abuse, conservation, and sustainability of people’s physical surroundings. In his article, Gary (1996, para 1) claims that the discipline of environmental psychology has undergone considerable changes in the recent past resulting into both positive and negative implications regarding research studies in psychology. According to Gary (1996), the initial objective of environmental psychology was based on the need for social scientists and architects (infrastructural designers) to share ideas regarding construction of buildings that match the needs of the people while safeguarding the environment. However, in the recent past, this trend seems to have changed, especially in the United States. This is the case because much of the benefits associated with the interaction between social scientists and architects have been realized to a considerable extent, and thus, it is apparent that environmental psychology forms the mainstream of psychology at large. Gary (1996, para 1-10) notes that various aspects of environmental psychology have been utilized in psychology through increased publication and submission of journals to various branches of psychology including the Journal of Environmental Psychology and the Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. These changes, among other remarkable developments such as increased sales on psychology textbooks and the incorporation of cognitive mapping into the field of psychology clearly indicate that environmental psychology is a major contributor of researchable topics in psychology. The impact of environmental psychology on research in psychology From the foregoing discussions, it is apparent that the field of environmental psychology plays a major role in psychology by first extending the scope of researchable topics in psychology. Here, it is essential to note that apart from the initial interactions of social scientists and infrastructural designers on grounds limited to construction of buildings, contemporary scientific knowledge in environmental psychology entails the study of the transactions and interrelationships involving humans and their environments. As a result, it is common practice to encounter topics regarding ecological consequences of human activities, evaluation of buildings and natural resources, and environmental risk and hazard analysis relative to human behavior, management, and perceptions. Conversely, environmental psychology i
“ Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely.” ~ Lord Acton Introduction As its name signifies, the European Union is a union of 27 European countries. After World War II the European countries became very poor. They realized that fighting with each other will never make any European countries be a superpower again. The concept of unifying economical and social forces became very appealing. Therefore three countries came up with a great idea which was to be a union in Europe. France, Luxemburg, and Holland decided to get together to establish a small union, it was the first root of the European Union. After a few years in 1957, the Council of Europe was decided to advance political and social union in Europe. So on January 01, 1991, eleven countries signed an agreement to establish the European Union. These were England, Germany, France, Holland, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Luxemburg, Austria and Belgium (European Commission). The Union has been growing in Europe day by day. This union has brought many advantages to its members such as the introduction of a single trade market, free movement of citizens, protection of the environment, great equality and social inclusion, more jobs, a single currency system, a louder international voice, and great protection for worker, and equal tariff rates. Through the Union citizens from member countries are now trading freely within a single trade market. The union has also facilitated efforts of its member countries in environmental protection and there has been an increase in the available job opportunities. It is the unification of these countries to create a “political and economic community throughout Europe” (Briney, 2008). The leaders wanted to join their countries to achieve political, economic, and social stability. They also wanted to promote the idea of a “free trade economy,” which became the area of attention during the 1990s. Recently, the EU and its member countries have introduced numerous other programs and agendas to go beyond their initial targets and create a much better “European World” for generations to come. Apart from free trade, the EU has decided to work on “free travel, single European Currency, safer food, greener environment, joint actions on crime and terror, academic opportunities, and improving standards of living” (EUROPA, 2009). Positive Effects of EU The Single Market of the EU has meant that companies going about their business in EU member states have been forced to lower the prices of their products to become more competitive. Companies derive benefits from the single market since it makes it cheaper and thus easier for most companies to transact business in other EU member countries. Goods transported or traded between member countries are not charged customs tax. To ensure as well as assure fair competition among member countries the EU works
The oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico elicits the potential of negative impacts to marine and wildlife of animals in the surrounding environment. This is one of the biggest spills that have occurred in human history. Not only is the wildlife affected, but plants and other living organisms in the environment are also adversely affected. Due to these effects, an imbalance in the ecosystem, especially about the delicate marine ecosystem is large disrupted. This article explores the environment as impacted by the recent oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico elaborating on the implications of the oil spills to the habitat of the Deep Water Horizon including the marine birds, marine mammals, and ocean turtles among other reptiles, fish and wildlife refuges. During the time of the BP accident, over eight thousand organisms were affected. In actuality, the effects of approximately two million oil gallons of oil and chemical dispersants have been short term with long terms effects insurmountable. Long-term effects of the oil spills could be experienced by human beings and other animals so many years in the future. However, scientists could devise ways of dealing with the anticipated negative effects of the oil spill in the future. The chemical compounds released to the environment shortly affected birds. These birds could not regulate their body temperature as the environment normally required. Also, some sea reptiles, including sea turtles, were covered with oil, which resulted in deaths due to suffocation. Lastly, the deep-sea corals were adversely impacted as many died while others are still dying in the deep sea (Thurman and McWhorter 23). Thus, both man and animals will be exposed to the chemicals contained in oil for a very long period. Some of the effects that could be caused by the chemicals might affect the genes and result in genetic disorders. The deposits are expected to last and persist for years (Thurman and McWhorter 20). A study on the health effect of fish, particularly dolphins in areas that were heavily oiled, such as t
Introduction All the creation stories give a moral lesson of how one ought to give and follow the right path to avoid destruction. It’s through the learning and understanding of this concept of creation that we are able to understand ourselves and others and be good neighbors. These stories aid in the delivery of knowledge from one generation to the next. The creation stories try to give an as clear understanding of whom we are and where we came from. In all this creation story the aspect of a supreme being comes into being and definitely showing s that we all came from somewhere. The creator is seen as the sole ruler of the universe. All the creation theories nearly come up with an idea that the land emerged through the waters by the word of mouth. According to the Hebrew Book of Genesis, the world was created by God. This earth was without form and void therefore God had to make the earth in six days while resting the seventh. This creation theory entails the origin of man. The Mesopotamian Creation Epic talks of Marduk building humans from the bones and blood of another guilty god. The materials for building these humans have to come from the gods themselves. To credit Marduk, the gods build where he would stay in Babylon and his great work is praised for having built humans. The checks tribes of the Andes and the huarochirí manuscript also emerge to discuss how human beings came to existence. When the supreme beings decide to make man, what must be entered in his flesh is pondered upon. The Creators and Makers were called Tepeu and Gucumatz. The role of deities According to the Hebrew book of Genesis, God is portrayed as a supreme being and through him, mankind is created. He is able to make the earth in six days and gives mankind the power to take care of the same earth as he issues instructions on how he has to live on the same earth. The Mesopotamian Creation Epic creation myth depicts the various gods in different ways. They symbolize various representations for example Tiamat lay inert till Apsu emerged from the water. These gods on the other hand differ from the god in genesis since they are able to grow old and fight against each other on the other hand in genesis it is only depicted how the evil angel, was thrown from heaven. The checks tribes of the Andes and the huarochirí manuscript talk of humans being created from food that we brought by animals, therefore, forming the first four men created. Concepts of human nature In the Hebrew book of Genesis, humankind is created in the reflection of how the almighty Lord is and he is later pleased by what he has done. The man in this case is seen as immortal like a god. This, however, is not depicted in the chess tribes of the Andes and the huarochirí manuscript since humankind was miraculously formed from food but also he has the same decision, thinking, and wisdom as the maker and the creator themselves thus creating a
The sequence of historical events, including the conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War, raised the question of American imperialism, taking into consideration the rapid growth of the country. Talking about the second half of the 19th century, it is hard to disagree that the US became a vast Empire. The key element here is that during the period of quick expansion, the US not just took possession of the continent’s territory but did it by force. Taking land from Mexico and Native Americans should be considered an imperial acts. These were decisions caused mostly by the will to expand. The movement West was not only the act of discovery but also the act of violent intervention which made local communities suffer significantly. Nowadays, it is rather hard to call the US an empire in a direct sense. Many previously repressed nations have gained their freedom and sovereignty, like the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. However, throughout the 20th and 21st century the US global policy had various imperialistic features. They include the involvement in local conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq, which many people cannot describe as peaceful. Moreover, there are many followers of the idea, that right now the American culture is the dominant one and it strongly affects the minor cultures, sometimes appropriating them. The term empire states that there is a supreme side and the subordinate one. This may lead to the abuse of authority, which sometimes sets aside the principles of democracy. Democratic relationships might be only equal and based on mutual respect.