ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An argumentative Essay on contraception President Obama recently introduced healthcare bill aimed at dealing with contraception services in America. The detail of this policy is contained in the article written by Munoz, entitled “Health Reform, Preventive Services, and Religious Institutions” (Munoz para. 2). In this paper, the author has attempted to explore the position held by the Obama administration on healthcare reforms and particular concerning women’s conceptions. The article argues that Obama main purpose for this policy is to protect the health of women by empowering them to make informed decisions on their fertility or reproduction activities. The paper comes from the premise that after all contraception is widely used in the US but not all the women can afford the contraceptive. This policy stipulates that the insurance cover will be paid for through deductions from the employers. Specifically, the article talks of the need to avail contraception services to the American woman. This is a controversial issue considering that the provision of such a service may not go down well with some institutions, especially the religious institutions. Accordingly, the current essay is an attempt to examine the claims made by Munoz in her article with the aim of either agreeing with them, or refuting such claims based on the available evidence. Emphasis shall be on the provision of contraception services, and how this may affect individuals and institutions alike. The claim by the Obama administration that churches are not required to contribute towards contraception insurance cover (Munoz para. 3) is not entirely true because when churches offer help to individuals within the community, they do not first ask them about their faith. In this case, there is the likelihood that such churches may not be exempted by virtue of those whom they serve. In addition, hospitals, schools, charitable institutions and universities could be exempted as well. Another claim made by the White House in the article is that the government will not coerce any individual care provider to prescribe contraception. For example, a Catholic doctor would not be forced to prescribe contraception (Munoz para. 5). Whereas such rules might affect insurers and employers directly, as opposed to providers, the Obama administration might be seen as trying to religious employers for example, into subsidizing and sponsoring what they regard as immoral. At the moment, we do not have any federal conscience law that would compel them from doing this. Also, the mandate involves abortion drugs and this contravenes the Weldon amendment that the Obama administration strongly supports. I would also want to take issue with the claim by White House that the Obama administration will not force anybody to purchase or use contraception (Munoz para. 7). The White House has further claimed that
Identify and explain precisely the most important points and arguments Raphael Hythloday presents in Book One and Book Two Raphael Hythloday in Book “ Utopia,” discusses the probable chance of having an ideal world where societies work for the gain and benefit of each other. According to the scholar, resources and opportunities should be for communities and not private people; the scholar felt that private ownership of property is the main hindrance to the attainment of a utopian world. Raphael Hythloday, in books one and two was of the view that the government and the state operate within an economy for the benefit of the societies, they are given power and authority to dictate the distribution of resources among communities. The writer feels that the nature of human beings is likely to exploit and accumulate wealth for themselves at the expense of others; the government should be the sole owner of property and people taken as laborers at the same level. The writer argues that if this were the angle taken then the world would be utopian. A culture of a country determines the value and ideologies they hold; when the government assumes the role of controlling the economy then people are likely to accept the culture and solve differences in culture and social rivalry among them. He noted the role that domestic laws play in creating an equal society in legislative matters; he observes that the breakthrough got us only possible since the government has taken the ownership of constitutional power. The approach with law gives him the arguing point of why the same cannot be implemented across the board. According to Raphael Hythloday, the government should take the central role of activities in their countries; the underlying ideology is the distribution of wealth. They aim at having equal distribution of wealth and do not recognize individual wealth accumulation. From this angle, it is a good approach aimed at ensuring that the national cake is shared among the entire population. There are no classes and the government is seen to choose the direction that the masses will go. Sometimes, and it has happened most often, the actors in the gove
GDP Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the total all output produced within a country’s economy. It is a measure of the intensity of economic activities in a country and is mainly viewed as a critical tool in the determination of whether a country is performing well economically or not. It is obtained as a summation of all the activities of the economic agents in an economy. This entails consumption both by households as well as the government, investment activities carried out b investors, and the difference between exports and imports. Consequently, the GDP can be defined by the equation: Y=C+I+G+NX where: Y= Total GDP, C=Consumption by household, I=Investment, G=Government expenditure, NX=Net Exports Net Domestic product entails the reduction of the GDP by the depreciation of the assets used in the production activities is a significant part of the GDP. Net GDP=GDP-Depreciation GNP on the other hand takes into consideration income from abroad. It is the summation of the value of production activities conducted by nationals within and without the country. GNP=GDP=NR where NR=Net income from abroad There are several ways of GDP determination. The output measure determines the GDP by adding the total value of output in terms of goods and services produced in an economy. Considerations are made here in a bid to eliminate cases of double counting mainly occasioned by the process of value addition. The Income measure looks at the summation of all the incomes earned in the year under consideration. This is because all the income is obtained as a result of engaging in economic activities. The “uses” measure considers a summation of all the transactions which show how the incomes earned from the production processes are utilized whether in consumption, savings, or investments. Finally, the expenditure measure specifically sums up the total expenditure as the expenditures are expended on the goods and services in the economy whether produced locally or from a foreign land. Price Indices Price indices are an important indicator of the general movement of prices in an economy. The two most common indices are the Laspeyres and the Paasche price indices. The Laspeyres index assesses the level of the current prevailing prices and quantities about the prices and/or quantities of a predetermined base year. In calculation, the index is obtained by first getting the ratio of the current price of a determined group of commodities. The resultant is then multiplied by 100. Consequently, it is true that for the base period, the index is assumed to be 100. Periods with prices higher than those of the base year have their Laspeyres indices higher than 100 and vice versa. The Paasche Index is a ratio of the cost of purchasing a certain bundle of goods at the prevailing prices about the cost of purchase at the base year for the same bundle of goods. Consequently, the main difference betw
If there is anything that can drive the reader’s attention better than any sensational news, this would be definitely a skillfully written editorial in a newspaper. Because of the complicacy and the controversy of a number of issues raised by the authors of the newspaper editorials, it must be admitted that this piece of the newspaper is bound to offer a plenty of food for the readers’ thoughts. However, it must be kept in mind that, when missing certain elements that make the stem of a successful argument and presentation of the facts, the author of an editorial, no matter how intriguing the topic is, is likely to fail. Demonstrating in practice what makes a well-written editorial, one can consider such article as “How to Plan fro the Future”, offered by the New York Times (2011) for the citizen of the United States to have a better understanding of why the process of railroad construction has been slacked so much. Therefore, the article in question provides sufficient food for thoughts and at the same time is a perfect chance to evaluate its communicative effect on the reader. Rather convincing, the article suggests a number of reasons for the sad prognosis to consider. Indeed, taking into account the number of budget money that have been wasted on less essential issues and the scanty amounts that have been offered to continue the development of the railroad system, the conclusion becomes obvious. “He [President Obama] wants 80 percent of the nation to have access to high-speed rail in 25 years. That’s not likely to happen with this Congress,” New York Times (2011) says, which is quite logical, taking into account the evidence of the U. S. lack of interest in the railroad development – this is a sad but true fact. It must be added though that the message underlying the text shows there is still something that can be done to improve the situation. The author of the editorial subtly draws the reader to the fact that the political forces are to unite to encourage the development of the railroad construction. It must be kept in mind that, building the railroad requires sufficient funds that can be provided only when the rail project is considered essential by each party in the Congress. However, it still could be a better idea to involve the opinion of the “accused”, i.e. the parliament and the President, for the article to sound even more imp
Introduction So as to be able to achieve organizational goals and objectives, it’s important for the organization to embrace effective interventions. Organization development interventions are aimed at increasing the performance and output of the organization. So as to be successful, organization development interventions should affect the whole organization and should go down to the individual level. The interventions should be sponsored by the head of the company and should be supported by the organization’s staff. Interventions that should be implemented in this case should involve respect for employees and the administration, having a working administration in the organization, having trust and open channels of communication between the administration and employees. The interventions must be able to support open confrontation of problems that are facing the organization. Major stakeholders in the organization must also participate actively in the interventions. This will somehow give the interventions a bit of weight and seriousness Dustdar (2006). Management For any company to prosper, proper management should be implemented. Management is defined as the act of leading and directing all or part of an organizational structure through the deployment and use of resources; human, financial, material intellectual or intangible. It involves providing guidanc
Abstract Modern medical institutions are gradually introducing Electronic Medical Records systems in their work to make fulfilling the duties of doctors and nurses more convenient and efficient. However, new programs and applications require improvements and adjustments to the needs of the staff, since their developers can not take into account all the nuances of practice in various fields of medicine. For this reason, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the information system used by the staff of the dental center and the possibility of employing Cerner. For this purpose, the literature on Electronic Health Records and Cerner limits in the dental clinic were reviewed, as well as in surveys of twenty specialists, and an interview was conducted. Respondents gave feedback on the advantages and disadvantages of the Warped program. The results of the study showed that Electronic Health Records are an effective technology for use in the dental sphere. However, Ward has such disadvantages as a complicated interface and a lack of options that slow down the search for information and work with documentation. Nevertheless, some technological improvements and staff training will eliminate these shortcomings and increase work efficiency. Limitations The methods of data collection and analysis demonstrated the effectiveness and appropriateness of the research, since its goal was achieved; however, the study has some limitations. First, the sample of respondents is insufficient as it consists of twenty dental specialists, which reduces the accuracy and relevance of the data. Moreover, only one person was interviewed; hence, data on possible changes in the system reflect the opinion of one person. Secondly, gender and age sampling is unequal, since women made up 80% of the respondents, and professionals over 50 and 60 years old were not distinguished into a separate category. This feature prevents understanding of the correlation of acceptance of the Electronic Health Records application according to the age and gender of a dentist. In addition, the survey was conducted in only one clinic, which does not show differences in the use of the system in institutions with different levels of funding and conditions of work. However, all these limitations do not eliminate the relevance and reliability of findings, since they reflect the general opinion of professionals with sufficient experience. Recommendations Recommendations for future researches are based on the limitations of the study, as well as promising fields for improving the Electronic Health Records system. A reasonable solution is to conduct the same research with a larger sample of respondents from various clinics and dental centers. This approach allows scientists to take into account the socio-demographic characteristics of medical professionals, as well as the status and working conditions in dental clinics, to confirm the accuracy of the data. Moreover, s
The Predominant Social and Cultural Orientation of the Speaker of Arabic All the aspects of life of Arab people are based and centered on Quran, the main text in the Arabic world. The whole life, social and cultural considerations are based on this book. People follow Quran in their social relations, cultural and religious beliefs and in other aspects. The main principles of the social relations are based on the domination of men under women. A man is a head of the family who has the power under women. Women are not allowed many things and most of their actions are to be agreed with men. The center of the religion belief of the speaker of Arabic is that life on the Earth is not the final institution, there is another life where possible to appear only if to follow all the rules of Quran and pray. There is a judgment day which is going to be on the Earth when all people who led correct lives are to reincarnate. All life of people is predetermined by the creator and all actions people conduct are based on his will. The Various Religious Beliefs Practiced in Mecca before the Rise of Islam Before the implementation of Islam in Mecca, the most spread religions were Judaism and Christianity. However, people did not believe in reincarnation, that is why the belief is jinn, ghost, and other similar mysterious creatures was a normal affair. The pre-Islamic land was not united under the government of one specific government, people lived in tribes and their cults and traditions differed from tribe to tribe. Even though Judaism and Christianity were the most spread religions with the tendency for fast grow, other religions existed which helped people follow their beliefs. In most cases tribes had one God that made those monotheistic, in spite of the fact that antiquity should be polytheistic. However, such religious directions as idol-worshippers or polytheists, Atheists, Zindiqs, Sabines were also present that added to the diversity of the religious life in the region. Following the religion which existed in the community was presupposed by the tribal organization of the world. Was Tribalism a Form of Government in pre-Islamic Arabia? Tribalism was a form of government in pre-Islamic Arabia. Pre-Islamic world was organized in tribes. Each tribe was like a separate government. The Middle East was not organized in strong countries with centralized ruling power before implementing Islam in the region. The government in tribes was organized on the basis of the family relationships. Such relationships were predominated in the period when the centralized government was absent. The belonging to the ruling family gave individuals the feeling of usefulness to the community. The connection between tribes was also important as being different according to social and political context, having absolutely different cultural and ethnic identities tribes still had to develop the relationships for developing personal so
What are at least two ethical issues associated with psychological testing? What impact do these issues have on the field of psychological testing? Informed consent is one of the ethical issues that apply to psychological testing scenarios. Informed consent refers to a psychologist’s requirement to notify a patient how a particular psychological test or procedure would affect him/her. Informed consent requires a practitioner to maintain open communication with his/her clients throughout the testing process. Consequently, the individual who is carrying out psychological tests has to make sure that the test subject is well informed regarding the test, including its purpose, duration, and procedures (American Psychological Association, 2002). A test subject should also be made aware of how the institution of informed consent works. In cases where a test subject is not in a position to provide consent, this duty should be relegated to a legal guardian or another responsible party. Informed consent seeks to create grounds for mutual understanding between test subjects and psychologists. The institution of informed consent also endeavors to give test subjects a chance to opt-out of the testing process at any time. Another ethical issue that applies to psychological testing is confidentiality. Ethically, psychologists are required to refrain from discussing or referring to the details of a test subject in forums that are not justified. Confidentiality is also covered in the psychologists’ code of ethics, which stipulates that “a psychologist must retain patient records in an efficient, effective, and secured environment to ensure any information is not compromised” (Hogan, 2007). Nevertheless, confidentiality stipulation can be overlooked by psychologists when a particular test subject poses a danger to others. In addition, test results can be released to other qualified professionals if the test subject agrees to it. The issues of confidentiality and informed research have a significant impact on psychological testing because they restore public confidence. People are more willing to volunteer for psychological testing when they are assured that they have a certain degree of control over the process. Therefore, both informed consent and confidentiality restore public confidence in the institutions of psychological testing. What are at least two legal issues associated with psychological testing? How do these issues affect the field of psychological testing? Discrimination is a major legal issue in psychological testing. The main concerns on discrimination touch on human rights, gender
The problem of the state not receiving the required amount of fair share from oil-producing companies has recently become an issue in a range of UAE states (CERA, 2011). The significance of the problem is quite high given the fact that there is a need to both sustain the success of private entrepreneurship and keep the state budget high ( Fiscal Regime Design , 2015). Despite the rather extensive CIT taxation rules that oil and gas companies are obligated to follow, the number of taxes submitted by the local companies is quite low, which means that the reconsideration of the current framework might have to be carried out (Inkpen & Moffett, 2011). Indeed, the fact that the companies operating in the identified industry are exempt from custom duties and VAT as far as equipment and raw materials, as well as other supplies, products, and services, are concerned, shows that the identified firms may be viewed as a possible source of financial issues that the Moroccan budget may be affected by in the future. Indeed, the fact that the elements of the target companies’ operations mentioned above are exempt from not only taxation but also custom duties may imply that the state suffers from being underpaid (Clifford Chance, 2014). One might argue that Moroccan oil and gas companies are already supposed to have a range of liabilities to meet. Indeed, the royalties that the local entrepreneurship leaders pay to the corresponding partners are rather high ( Global oil and gas tax guide, 2014). The necessity to face numerous liabilities that mature quite fast is exhausting for Moroccan oil and gas companies, which means that the organizations may be unable to pay the required fair share to the state ( Fiscal Regime Design , 2015). The taxation of oil and gas projects makes 39.6% in Morocco, which can be considered rather high (White, 2015). Therefore, the state’s share in projects seems moderate. Consequently, increasing the taxation rates for oil-and-gas-related projects is not necessary. Instead, basic processes need to be revisited. The fact that the percentage of the state ownership of the companies’ assets and the participation in the corresponding activities are not to exceed the mark of 25% should also be brought up ( Morocco – ten things to know about oil and gas , 2013). By restricting the degree to which the state authorities may exert their power over the firms’ actions, the state regulations provide the identified organizations with enough flexibility in decision-making. However, because the percentage of possible ownership is, nevertheless, quite high, one may assume that the leaders of Moroccan firms may suffer losses once the state authorities are admitted to partake in the corporate decision-making process. Thus, increasing the number of taxes for the target organizations to pay to the state needs to be viewed as a possibility. The fact that the Moroccan state budget does not receive its fair share from the identified organizations shows that the current situation may become potentially dangerous for the sustainabi