ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The National Standards for Arts Education developed by the Consortium of National Arts Education Association includes standards for the dance, music, theater, and visual arts. In compliance with the recommendations of Goals 2000, these standards include the study of culture and history, and all have implications for multicultural education in the arts. Through visual and performing arts, “students will develop an understanding of the personal and cultural forces that shape artistic communication and how the arts in turn shape the diverse cultures of past and present society” (Volk, 2004, p. 117). Dance Dance refers to any patterned, rhythmic movement in space and time. Some approaches to artistic activity, like the theory that holds it as essentially the creation of form, may not help in distinguishing parades from dances. This is because if we concede that dances must have form, it can be taken that parades and other activities like tree-sawing also have form. Form is necessary though not a sufficient condition of art; dances, unlike parades, must create forms that express emotion. Contrary to tree-sawing, dances must be undertaken for purely aesthetic as opposed to utilitarian purposes. Music Music is the universal language of emotions and is primarily something to which one listens; it is an art of audition. Basically, there is no culture that does not have music in some form or another. Music has patterns that can be constructed and developed in accordance with whatever conventional language the musician is using. In a music class, the tutor should be able to demonstrate a basic fluency with the elements of music such as pitch, rhythm, and timbre as well as music concepts, including music notations. Styles and types of music should be explained as well as instruments from a variety of times, places and cultures (Bobrow and Fisher, 2009, p. 365). The idea that music could be taught through consideration of both its etic and emic is found in the literature of music education where it is referred to as the study of inherent (etic) and idiomatic (emic) musical concepts. The emic or interpretive way of studying music provides a way of understanding what music means to its creators and listeners. Theater The term theater customary refers to the performance aspects of a work, whereas the term drama is traditionally reserved for its narrative forms. The theatrical ordering of difference cannot be equated with strict polarities since theater is always performative but not necessarily narrative. Traditional Western theater offers two stages; comic and tragic. If theater reveals that objects exist only insofar as they are displaced by look, it also offers various reactive and interactive means of displacing and renewing the act of seeing. Theater provides a way of interrupting the fra
Fae Myenne Ng is an author of a brilliant and deep story called “Bone”, which contains a variety of levels and can be interpreted from the points of view of different perspectives. The writer expands some of the sentences of her writing by adding symbolic meaning to some of the concepts. This technique makes her writing very interesting for the reader to explore. The story by Fae Myenne Ng is appreciated from various perspectives. First of all, its cultural perspective is easy to identify for the mainstream readers, the writer sheds the light to the life of a family of the Chinese immigrants and their descendents. Besides, the author presents her characters and the events of their lives from the psychoanalytical perspective, revealing various unusual angles, factors and reactions. This perspective is also very clear to the mainstream reader, and it is also very valuable because the fictional and artistic writing is mainly appreciated for its dramatic effect. Finally, there is a historical perspective. Even though the main events of the story in “Bone” are happening in the present, the narrator’s storytelling often refers to the past, analyzing various memories that serve to deepen the symbolic meanings of some concepts and the overall vividness of the text. The author’s cultural perspective touches such aspects of the Chinese family’s life as their languages and communication, their self-identification, their cultural and ethical values, their spirituality and religious beliefs. This kind of exploration is interesting to read for the diverse individuals. The American society consists of various nations and cultures that moved to this country and then assimilated becoming American citizens. Families of immigrants from all cultures share one feature – they have a layered self-identification, which means that they consider themselves as Americans, yet they still remember and preserve their special cultural traits that remained in their families ever since the times when they lives in their countries of origin. The cultural reality of the characters in “Bone” is depicted through the memories of Leila, the narrator, her stories of childhood and all the little aspects of her family’s life such as food, special words in “Chinglish”, habits and traditional attitudes. The author subtly demonstrates the adjustments the Chinese made after moving to the United States and the impacts their new home had on them. These influences and cultural changes they caused are shown through the generation gap between the parents that were born in China and the daughters that are the descendents of immigrants. The mentalities of the two generations are very different, yet all of the family members stick to their Asian roots. Psychoanalytical perspective employed by Fae Myenne Ng is the most visible when the narrator’s sister commits suicide. Leila’s emotional condition as affected immensely by her loss. The narrator experiences sadness and mourns her sister. It is interesting to notice that the story is written in rather melancholic key, but at the same time its emotionality is quite restricted. Fae Myenne Ng manages to show the narrator’s emotional side even
In your opinion, is there any benefit to these organizations working together? Explain. Which organization do you think should play a greater role in aiding economic development? Why? The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were both formed at an international conference in Bretton woods, New Hampshire, USA (Gautam 231). The main objective of forming them was to induce prosperity in the global economy and to establish a foundation for economic growth and development. IMF’s main laid out roles include stabilization of the exchange rates in the globe, administering loans to countries, and offering advice on loan repayment to help countries establish strong economies. The World Bank, on the other hand, has a role of promoting economic development, eradicating poverty, and hunger among the less developed countries. Despite the difference in goals and functions, the two institutions do join forces regularly and work together on different initiatives. This collaboration is better as the two can achieve more when in cooperation (Guder 104). Benefits of collaboration between the World Bank and the IMF  1. The collaboration of staff: The staff in IMF and those in the World Bank can share ideas o different subject matters and together achieve more than if there was no collaboration. The IMF staff can assess the financial states of projects while the bank staff provides advice on economic reforms to be taken. Thus, the two can cooperate well to evaluate their lending programs more closely (Gautam 234).  2. Reduction of debt burdens: Just as in the HIPC initiative and the MDRI, the IMF and the World Bank work together to ensure that the external debt burden is moderated.  3. Interaction between economists: collaboration between the World Bank and IMF provides opportunities for economists to meet and exchange views and convictions about the economy’s progress. These economists, once brought together, can cooperate and brainstorm on the challenging issues, thus coming up with solutions (Gautam 239).  4. High coordination level: The level of coordinating activities increases when there is a cooperation between the two institutions. During annual General meetings, cooperation ensures that programs that will bring about economic growth are identified with certainty, and that finances required to carry out the projects are allocated efficiently.  5. Better management consultation and improved awareness of organizational structures: The combined management of the two institutions are able to issue joint reports and consult each other on major issues, thus an improvement on overall decision making. They can also enforce programs to ensure that the staffs appreciate the Fun
When is consent informed? Consent is a deliberate move by which an individual agrees to allow someone else to carry out an activity. In the past, the absence of consent to medical treatment allowed a client to sue for battery. Currently, informed consent has been acknowledged as a certified standard of conduct and disregard is the basis for liability. According to legal aspects of nursing, regulations concerning informed consent safeguard the client’s right to self-determination (Guido, 2001). A client should be able to communicate an informed choice regarding complaint to or decline to a treatment regime only when adequate information have been offered. The law mandates that a client or his or her guardian be offered with appropriate information concerning several treatment modalities for the consent to be an informed process. Informed consent implies that the client recognizes the motives for the planned intervention, its benefits, its hazards, and approves the treatment by signing the consent. Based on the above descriptions, consent is informed when it has been signed by the client after being provided with enough information on the treatment modalities in the presence of a nurse. In general, consent is informed when three conditions are met. These conditions are appropriate information, voluntary consent, and competence. As stated above, a client should be provided with appropriate information before the consent form is signed. Through this, the client will be informed on all the risk associated with the treatment together with the risks associated with refusing the treatment. Voluntary consent implies that the client should not be under any pressure or intimidation when agreeing or disagreeing to the terms of a treatment regime. Therefore, nurses are required to verify that the informed consent was obtained before administering their medication. In addition, the client must be competent for the consent to be informed. It is a fact that competent clients provide relevant information concerning treatment, understand the risk of these treatments, and appreciate the steps taken towards these treatment processes. Concerning this, nurses should evaluate whether their patients are competent enough to give consent. This can be done by assessing the client’s ability to communicate choices. What factors influence the process of informed consent? Do you think Mrs. X’s education level was a factor here? Several factors influenced the process of informed consent (Cowen & Moorhead, 2006). These factors affect the outcome of the informed consent. Ages of the clients, their educational levels, and their socio-demographic factors have been identified as the major factors. Concerning age, it has been found that aging leads to various physical challenges that may directly or indirectly affect the process of informed consent. As an individual age, hearing and vision are compromised hence affecting his or her ability to make an informed consent. I
Introduction The food processing industry is one of the most sensitive consumer centered-production segments, where aspects of food hygiene and food safety are very important and must be in consideration. Following sensitivity of foodstuffs, companies involved in the food production undergo strict scrutiny to ensure that they comply with policies and standards for proper nutrition, safety, and quality of food, and avoid the occurrence of health implications. Such efforts protect consumers since they avert nutritional health hazards resulting from contaminated, poisoned foodstuffs, or substandard ingredients that are likely to cause health complication. In this view, this report seeks to examine the Canadian Veggie Bacon under the Yves Veggie Cuisine brand with a view of investigating and evaluating the concept of food products catering in relation to consumer demands and improved nutrition and health. Aspects catered for different consumers Different food products, meet different clientele demands. The Canadian Veggie Bacon offers its consumers a continuum of flavor aspects catered for consumers with different demands and preferences on this food product. 1 For the consumers, who love spicy foods, the Canadian Veggie Bacon contains a combination of spice for the desired food seasoning. The Canadian Veggie Bacon is also a food product that fall
Kindred is the story of a strong woman from a comfortable but not ideal 1976, who travels back in time to XIX on the estate of slave owner Tom Whalen. Her experience is full of terrifying things, which the country used to consider as usual. The novel shows the reader the horrors of the past, which still threaten people in modern days. Butler masterfully denounces discrimination based on race and gender, and through a metaphor of time traveling, shows how modern women can be subjected to injustice, oppression, and violence in modern times. Dana is the novel’s main character; she is a strong woman who fights for her dream, love, and profession. The story begins on June 9, 1976, the day of Dana’s twenty-sixth birthday, when she and her husband Kevin move into a new house. On this day, Dana feels dizzy and finds herself traveling in the past for the first time, where she saves her ancestor Rufus’s life. Her desire to save his life was heartfelt, as was her love for Kevin, but she faces undeserved insults from the men’s relatives in both cases. In the next chapter, Butler takes readers even further into a world where some people behave with impunity and others are subjected to unfair violence. One can see that any black woman of that time could have been sexually assaulted, and if she tried to defend herself, she would be severely beaten. By depriving a woman of her human rights, reducing her to the state of an object, the slaveholders themselves lose the human image. The author shows people who use their position to satisfy their base desires at the expense of unprotected individuals. Such abuse of power and privilege is still taking place all over the world at present. It was mentioned earlier that Dana and her husband Kevin’s relationship is built on mutual sympathy, which grew out of common interests and similar life experiences. However, society does not care about these people’s spiritual closeness; society’s primary concern is the color of their skin. The reader can see that Dana and Kevin were forced to keep their relationship a secret and act strictly following the roles imposed on them by society. Dana was beaten up just for reading a book because it was not allowed for anyone, but white slaveowners. The author shows how under society’s pressure, some of its members, even without having a natural tendency to violence, turn into monsters. In the chapter “The Fight,” the author further reveals the horrors of slavery on the part of women. It
The name of the interviewee was Jacinta and her age was 49. Jacinta did not get an opportunity to attend college, although her childhood dream was to study law. Using her high school diploma, she managed to get a job as a housecleaner. However, she did not enjoy the money that she worked for, as she would give the whole amount to her husband. Jacinta had children too. However, she did not personally decide on the number of children to have since contraception use was illegitimate. Despite her brutal relationship with the husband, she did not opt for a court divorce, as early courts could not address such issues. When it came to property ownership, Jacinta owned nothing in the family. All the property belonged to her husband. Besides, she could not borrow money from her husband. In the event that a married man died, his elder brother would inherit all his property, including the wife. Compare and Contrast her Life with the Lives of Women Today During the days of Jacinta, the law did not favor women as it accorded men special rights and privileges. As a result, Jacinta did not enjoy several rights and opportunities including the right to vote, the freedom to keep resources earned the privilege to own assets and borrow money, the freedom to initiate a divorce and retain custody of children, as well as the opportunity to go to college and serve as a jury. As Lorber (2010) states, this situation was typical for all women in the early twenty first century despite their racial groupings, social class, ethnicity, or religion. Unlike Jacinta, women of today have the right to participate in democratic processes through voting, owning property, attending colleges of their preference, participating in judicial practices, determining how they use their money and being custodians of their children. Moreover, women in the contemporary world have a right to divorce as they determine their own lives. However, there are a few nations where women are still fighting for equal legal positions and political representations. Women in such nations are also fighting for power in order to get a chance of making choices about their marriage and some other procreative issues. Unlike Jacinta who did not have the right over the number of children that she had and lacked the opportunity to choose a husband of her choice, contemporary women have control over their families’ sizes, as they have access to contraception means. These women also have liberty to be wives to men of their choice despite their financial positions or social class. According to Jacinta, medical practitioners in the past could not fit women with cervical caps, or diaphragms. Traditionalists feared the broad use of contraception by married women as they thought it would contribute to the demise of the family. Today’s women, however, have greater sexual liber
Introduction Arthur J. Ray in his book, Indians in the Fur Trade clearly shows the Canadian History in retrospect of the Fur- Trade Society. Arthur explores the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Canada is believed to be the origin of most of the fur. On the other hand, Sylvia Van Kirk’s book ; Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur Trade Society in Western Canada, 1670-1870 , addresses the roles played by the women and the influence they had on the men in the fur trade. Both authors in their respective writings illustrate how the arrival of Europeans altered the traditional way of life of the Aboriginal people in Canada. The European traders not only influences but were also influenced by the Indigenous people. In so doing, the culture, beliefs, architecture and even the societal hierarchy of the Indian people were altered (Ray xxii). European traders also married the native women which also strengthened the trade relations. This also fueled the view of white women as racism agents against the native women who they viewed as a threat to their own existence. They capture clearly the various roles by the key players in the Fur- Trade Society. Although, they address the real life events of the Aboriginals in Canada, both authors seem to dwell only on the fur trade more than the Canadian history as illustrated in our class work. Krk’s work is on the role the women, especially the native women in the Fur trade. This conspicuously leaves out the European woman’s role, neglecting to the capture clearly how the native man and European women aided the growth or decline of this trade (Ray xxiii). Ray, on the other hand is effective in showing the cultural role in the fur trade. However, they both illustrates the natives did not engage in trade before the arrival of the Europeans as observed in our class work. They both fail to effectively articulate on the conflict created either among the French and Europeans and the natives with the Europeans. In general, the choice of titles of both books effectively captures the topics discussed very well; only failing to find the few aspects on the fur trade. The history and the Aboriginals’ and Europeans’ Roles in the Fur Trade in Canada Ray and Kirk covers extensively tell us how the aboriginals and their influence in Fur trade in Canada. Precisely, Ray (xxiv) explains the arrival of Europeans in the early 16th century on the continent led to the change of roles of the Aboriginals and their strained relationship with the rest of Canada (Kirk 2). Further, the wave of colonization, early explorers and fur traders developed a relationship with the Indigenous peoples as hosts and guides (Ray 195). Ray and Kirk allow their reader to have a deeper understanding about the aboriginal and the Europeans role in fur trading activities in Canada. Ray and Kirk through history tell us the earliest fur traders in Canada were explorers and
Introduction Thermodynamics is a branch of science that investigates the association between the heat conveyed into and out of an object and the work carried out by the object. Heat and work handle the transmission of energy. However, heat entails energy transmission because of a temperature disparity (Turns, 2006). An adiabatic process is a physical process that assumes the absence of heat loss or gains in a system when work is done. This phenomenon is in line with the first law of thermodynamics, which implies that energy is neither gained nor lost, but is transformed from one form to another (Zumdahl, 2007). The best illustration of the adiabatic process is in the form of the equation PV n = constant where p corresponds to the pressure, v corresponds to the volume and n is the polytropic coefficient, which corresponds to the proportion of specific heats within a restricted range. A process that obeys the above equation is referred to as a polytropic process (Turns, 2006). An adiabatic process presumes that the reaction vessel is perfectly insulated and that no heat is lost to the environment. The expansion and compression of gases are useful processes in various mechanical and natural applications such as the operation of the Carnot engine and the formation of clouds. Clouds form when the temperature of the air is reduced to the dew point and saturation through adiabatic cooling in rising air packages. Carrying out simulations and experiments on the transition states of different gases enables a comparison of the transition states in ideal and real situations. During simulations, computerized software is used to measure the adiabatic temperature and make-up of various gases at various pressures. The main objective of this lab was to determine the polytropic coefficient for the adiabatic expansion of a range of gases. The lab also aimed at comparing the coefficients with simulations for reversible adiabatic expansion using Gaseq software. Experimental Methods The experimental apparatus shown in figure 1 below was used to determine the temperature and pressure of four gases namely pure air, argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. It comprised a steel vessel with a built-in inlet and purge valves, a safety valve, pressure gauge, thermocouple, and a button actuated release valve. Figure 1: Experimental apparatus for the adiabatic expansion experiment The air pressure and room temperature at the start of the experiment were recorded as P1 and T1. The red inlet valve was opened and filled with gas to 6 barg, which led to an increase in temperature. The gas was allowed to cool to room temperature while maintaining the pressure of 6 barg by the addition of more gas. Once the gas was within 1 o C of room temperature, it was expanded by venting. The green button was pressed to release the