ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is worth noting that fashion is one of the most important phenomena of social life, which concerns and interests not only ordinary people but also scientists and researchers. From scientific knowledge, fashion has performed as an object of study for many philosophers, historians, psychologists, artists, and so on. All of them stressed that fashion was an element of human culture and it served as the basis for establishing sustainable social ties between people. The purpose of this paper is to consider the ways fashion changes flow through society. Analysis The advocates for conspicuous consumption such as Thorstein Veblen and others suggested that the core of the fashion change lied in the need of wealthy people to differentiate themselves from individuals with poorer incomes (Smith 4). Therefore, the changes that proceeded in the industry were driven by the need for fashion artifacts that would delineate the rich from the other population groups. In that perspective, the possession of costly clothing and accessories determined the cultural and economic identity of these people (Pham and Ali Nasir 75). Georg Simmel also stated that fashion served as a platform for social differentiation; however, he assumed that while the rich wanted to differentiate themselves from the poor, the latter tried to imitate fashion trends to resemble the well-off people (Apriasz et al. 2). Notably, in the second half of the XX century, the emphasis was displaced from the psychological perspective to consumer behavior. For instance, Herbert Blumer assumed that customers were the driving force in the fashion change (Alver and Caglar 480). He suggested that the role of designers was to identify the collective taste and follow it. Therefore, the social context of fashion change has been expanded, and, in a post-industrial society, fashion has become a catalyst for consumer behavior (Cao et al. 1). Meanwhile, Kawamura regarded this process as more complex and stated that fashion was changing under the influence of many other factors apart from the society with its demands. Nevertheless, if in retrospect it was possible to track the way social transformations affected the change and spreading of fashion, at modernity, fashion standards acted as a factor of certain social trends. In the postmodern period, the socio-cultural and economic characteristics of society changed the nature of consumption and its functions (English 85). In particular, the pluralism of views was reflected in the character of fashion, which gradually started to synthesize in itself a variety of trends and tendencies. The events taking place in society predetermined the development of youth culture and such fashion, which was based on their views and values (Reilly 79). For instance, Picture 1 evidences the way fashion houses tried to illustrate the importance of being feminine, which was promoted by the culture of that time. Picture 1. The dress by Dior (Reilly 82). The main manifestation of the c
Introduction to Queens Hospital Center Queen’s hospital Center was established in 1935 to serve the community and provide affordable health care to people from all walks of life. This is a nonprofit making organization aimed at reaching all members of the community with health care services whether they are able to pay or not. This means that all the main objectives of expanding the facility over the years is not increasing revenue, but creating more space to assist more people by offering satisfactory services. Despite being nonprofit making, they are able to provide personalized and specialized healthcare services including inpatient admissions and surgery. Mission statement The mission statement of Queen’s Hospital center is to “provide quality, comprehensive care to all people living in new York regardless of whether they are able to pay or not” (Queens Hospital Center, 2010 p. 20). This implies that the organization is mainly focused on providing and supporting the community. Their commitment to this mission statement is demonstrated by the programs the organization is running one of them being the smoking cessation program. From this, the organization is able to reach directly to the community at their very point of need. Since this program is offered at no cost at all, it accessible to everyone, including the low income earners and the unemployed. Clinical care is provided by the hospital in terms of treatment to patients and any other health related support required and these services are given by a qualified team of doctors and nurses. Patient safety is adhered to in terms of both physical and emotional safety by providing a clean and conducive environment. Patients’ records are also kept confidential to ensure that they do not fall in the hands of people who may inflict emotional injury to the patients. On the part of education, they offer programs such as the smoke cessation program to ensure that the community is enlightened on their health issues (Jayaratne et al, 2002). They are able to identify community needs by conducting frequent research activities hence being able to address the most pressing of those needs first. Structure of the organization Being a social service organization, Queen’s Hospital center has a formal arrangement which is aimed at ensuring the programs are delivered to the community in a way that advocates for positive transformation in the social statute laws and policies. In such cases, the structure must be favorable to the community in that they willingly participate in the programs being offered to them, otherwise the whole thing would be rendered useless. The success of this organization is not measured by the amount of profits it makes but by the extent to which they are able to reach and address the needs of the community (Cooke & Rousseau, 1998). The organization is structured in a way that enables all members to participate in community development at whatever capacity, hence making a contribution to the fulfillment of the mission statement. The board involved in making decisions includes among other the doctors, nurses, i
Affect of the SOPs, behavior, and organisational culture The 4Ps which are product, price, place, promotion, and a fifth which is people, is a marketing strategy employed by most firms to gain competitive advantage. Marketing strategy indicates the specific markets towards which activities are to be aimed. Negative organizational culture has impact on market activities. Every part of the marketing mix can be severely affected by organizational culture and cultural differences. The marketing concept states that a firm should satisfy its customers by providing products that satisfy its customers. Customer satisfaction is a part of the marketing mix which is a major goal of the marketing concept (Jobber and Lancaster 15). For an airline company, quality service is its primary product, and a marketing strategy should be to satisfy passengers inside an airplane. There are other products that an airline may venture, and this includes buying and selling of airplane parts, but the major product is air transport. Price is how the firm converts its product or service into revenue (Keillor 64). The price should reflect how a service or product is positioned in the market. Inconsistently positioning the service with the price is a mistake. If an airline states in its promotion that its airline tickets and all of its other products are affordable but then the charges are relatively high with respect to the service (in terms of quality) it offers to the passengers and customers, it creates a negative repercussion on the airline. Another part of the marketing mix is promotion. Promotion includes image and reputation. If a firm has bad image it reflects its organisational culture and w
However hard the relations between Germany and the Soviet Union during the Ostpolitik have been discussed, there are still a lot of questions that remain unanswered. In spite of the fact that Germany and the Soviet Union had a certain scheme that could make their collaboration fruitful and profitable for each of the parties, it ended just as suddenly as it had started. There must be some light shed on the situation. The idea that underlay the politics of Germany was the fact that the economical state of the both countries left much to be desired, and they were tending to reach the European level without going into big expenditures. The core idea of the Ostpolitik was implemented in the motto “Change through Rapprochement Policy”. This meant that Germany and Soviet Union were trying to come into closer contact with each other and intertwine the policies, sharing the economical experience and trying to recover together. The man to introduce the very idea of the new policy was Willy Brandt, one of the most influential men in Germany of all times. He suggested the new concept in 1963 and went on with the experiment to bridge the two great countries. The basic idea was about connecting the two parts of Germany that were set apart, Willy Brandt saw it as the first reason for Germany to be pushed far behind in its development, and, trying to improve the state’s condition, he searched for every method possible for the country to get united again, which would create the profound basis for its further economical and political development. When the idea took certain shapes and the process of creating links with the Soviet Union was launched, Egon Bahr, the man who conducted the whole procedure and was in charge of the changes that took place during the negotiations, made it possible for the idea to be put into practice [1] . Signing the agreement with Moscow was an important step, and Willy Brandt knew it perfectly well; as a chancellor, he made every possible move be directed to connecting the two parts of the country. Was it the collaboration with the Soviet Union that he had been searching for? The answer would be probably yes, but the first thing he was to do was to destroy the wall between the Eastern and the Western parts of Germany, both metaphorically and literally. There were a lot of people in Germany against collaboration with Russia, among them Konrad Adenauer. He expressed his doubts about the reasonability of the project and unwillingness to contri
Introduction Multi-trait multi method is a type of research which provides an approach to assessing construct validity in a set of measures in a study. Construct validity is how well a test measures to its claim; it seeks agreement between the theory and the test. It has two sub categories which are convergent and discriminant; convergent validity shows the level of correlation between measures that should be theoretically related. This is especially where one trait is measured with different methods. The correlation is shown in a validity diagonal in multi trait multi method matrix (Campbell& Fiske, 1959). Discriminant validity shows the degree to which things should not be related and discriminates among different traits. The correlation between the different trait and method should not be too high. Method Variance is when the correlation of different trait and one method is stronger than different traits and different methods. In a Multi Trait multi Method matrix, as described by Campbell & Fiske (1959), there are two types of blocks that help in determining validity and reliability of various psychological research methods. Reliability is the agreement between two efforts to measure the same trait, through maximally similar methods while validity is an agreement between the attempts to measure the same trait using similar maximally different methods. There are two types of blocks in the matrix, Monomethod block and Heteromethod block. Mono method block has a reliability diagonal and a heterotrait mono-method triangle. In these, correlations come from traits measured with the same method. The Heteromethod block has a validity diagonal and a heterotrait-hetero method triangle. This is brought about by traits measured by different methods. The reliability diagonals are found in a mono trait mono method, and estimate the reliability in each Multi Trait Multi method matrices. The validity diagonal is caused in a mono trait Heteromethod matrix which measures same traits with different methods. Assessing methods with Multi traits This measures correlation between different concepts using the same method. If one gets high correlation it’s a result of measuring different traits with the same method. This provides a frame work for construct validity of measures using the same method. The different traits in a research define the concept clearly, for example, in a research on French High school students on their learning targets in French, the different traits that can be measured are knowledge, skills, creativity and reasoning proficiency. The di
Introduction One of the most controversial debates concerning money is whether it is evil or good. While there are those amongst us who subscribe to the school of though that “money is the source of all evil”, others are of the opinion that money can buy you anything, literary. Whereas money is a good thing to have, nonetheless, the love for money could very well result in evil. It is important to note here that money per se is not evil; rather, it is the individuals who are in possession of it that are evil. Individuals with money and a good heart are very useful to the rest of us who are cash strapped especially in as far as hunger and lines are concerned. The love of money has led to corrupt nations, people without conscience, and a society full of greedy men. In light of this, there is the need to compare and contrast the good and the evil associated with money. Money as a Means of Exchange Money is one of the most important tools in the world. Without money, buying of goods and services would be both complex and cumbersome. With money, individuals are in a position to effectively and efficiently trade in various goods and services. The value attached to money is acceptable to all and for this reason it is recognized as a legal tender (Rand 2). Money therefore has a value that can be used to acquire anything. Without money, exchange of goods and services would be hard because one may get a commodity that cannot be used to purchase what he or she wanted. Money is used to produce goods and services that make the life of an individual more comfortable than would have been the case in its absence. An individual’s efforts and mind can help him or her acquire little or more money. Those who are ready to use their minds wisely and put more effort get more money and are able to meet their needs in life. Money as a Means of Acquiring Ones Needs Money is a tool that individuals use to reach their destinations. Here, the most important thing is not money but the driver. It is the responsibility of an individual to plan properly on how to spend the money that he or she has accumulated. As a matter of fact, money cannot provide an individual with his or her desires but the individual can use it as a means that will help him or her to satisfy his or her desires (Rand 4). An individual who knows what he or she wants in life can use money as a means to bring happiness in his or her life but money itself cannot be used to buy happiness. In one’s life there are other virtues whose worth precedes that attached to money. They include a purpose for living, a code of values, intelligence, respect and admiration. An individual who has a lot of money but lacks these values will almost always perceive money as evil because in its absence, he/she feels empty. Fools, cowards and the incompetent will always see money as evil but their perception rests on the basis of the fact that they lack the means to make it worthwhile. Money as a Means of Survival Money is a means of survival in that those who have it and have acquired it in a moral and ethical manner are in a position to enjoy their lives. There are many ways of obtaining money some of which ar
Introduction A little known Third World country in Asia can aspire for the modernization of its military. 1 It will be interpreted as the expression of a moral right to defense. 2 It is the right of every nation to enhance its national defense. But in the 21 st century, there are two countries in the globe that cannot aspire and plan for military modernization without creating a significant discussion in the international community. 3 These are China and Israel. 4 There is a simple reason why the intention to modernize China and Israel is greeted with a serious concern by global players in the world of international politics. The modernization of their respective armies can bring destabilization in their respective regions. 5 According to the U.S. Pentagon, “China appears on track to forge a modern military by 2020, a rapid buildup that could be potentially destabilizing to the Asia-Pacific region.” 6 With regard to Israel there is no need to elaborate a never ending conflict in Palestine and, therefore, modernization can easily be seen as a threat to other players in the region. 7 There is, therefore, the need to understand and attempt to predict what will happen if both countries increase their modernization efforts. 8 The purpose of this study is to compare the military modernization of China and Israel. 9 The main reason for doing so is to determine how modernization can potentially destabilize the region, harm foreign relations and increase the tension in the said region. 10 The secondary purpose of the study is to determine how these two countries attempt to modernize their armed forces as well as the motivation for doing so. 11 The information can be used to guide policy makers, diplomats, and others who are concerned with the stability of the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle-East. 12 Research Question The research question that has to be answered in the course of the study is to determine the impact of the military modernization of China and Israel. The assertion is that the modernization of China’s military will destabilize the Asia-Pacific region; therefore, it is important to find out how this is possible. 13 There is also a need to find out what the contributing factors are. The same thing can be said about the modernization of Israeli military. 14 It is imperative to find out if there is evidence to prove the assertion that Israel’s military modernization program threatens the stability of the region. 15 Significance In recent decades the importance of the Asia-Pacific region has become extremely apparent for U.S. interests. In the past, the purpose of the Asia-Pacific region was mostly on the strategic issues linked to the need for American forces to have a significant presence in an area that should not fall into the control of the former Soviet Union and their communist allies. But in the 21 st century, the value of the Asia-Pacific region is more than a loc
Introduction There is no use denying the fact that education plays vital role in the modern world. To become successful a person should be able to struggle with his/her rivals and have a great level of skills. Very often it is impossible to achieve it without a good education as it gives a person not only knowledge, which will be important in his/her future life, though a very important experience that will differ a graduate from other people and help him/her to become successful. Under these conditions, one understands a great attention given to this very issue. Nowadays, the process of globalization makes this sphere more diverse and complicated at the same time. There is a great number of people with different mentalities and cultural peculiarities, who want to obtain education and study at a certain educational establishment. That is why, it is vital to be able to deal with all these people and take into account cultural diversity. Especially vital under these conditions become such issues
Introduction Racism and ethnicity have been critical issues in the society with several blacks and non-whites suffering prejudice in some European countries. Since the world came to acknowledge these antisocial practices as core perpetrators to global social justice, research and social studies have considered the two issues as part of the most important aspects to cover. In a bid to restore social justice and educate the society on the impacts of racism and ethnicity, several literal sources have emerged. In this context, this essay compares Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer (1978) and What It’s like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith (1955). The works of these authors explore various themes such as race or ethnicity, prejudice, the quest for freedom, and inequality in different societies. The focus of this essay is on the theme of race or ethnicity that both Gordimer and Smith explore in their works. The essay shall compare and contrast the two works with regard to literary style, form, and content. Overview of Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer Gordimer has written several novels and short stories. The author has the ability to create a short story with well-informed themes, which engage the readers. In Country Lovers, Gordimer portrays the struggle of a black woman during the Apartheid epoch in South Africa and the harsh realities that black women tolerated during these dark moments. The story uncovers a forbidden relationship between Thebedi, an African black woman and her white master’s son, Paulus. Country Lovers’ central theme revolves around the tough and traumatizing moments that Thebedi experienced. The story reveals several inconsiderate behaviors practiced by the white bosses in South Africa during the Apartheid regime including racial prejudice, characters inner struggles, and confusion. Gordimer manages to capture several ways in which people suffer in a racial discriminative society as they undergo and endure catastrophic moments. Gordimer uses the theme of racism and ethnicity in order to provoke high-levels of human emotions within few pages of the story. Gordimer presents the story of love between a white skinned Afrikaner and a black skinned girl in a farm setting. Gordimer notes, “The trouble was Paulus Eysendyck did not seem to realize that Thebedi was now simply one of the crowds of farm children down at the kraal, recognizable in his sister’s old clothes” (Gordimer, 1978, p.332). It is obvious that Paulus developed a love for the black, Thebedi. The author writes, “The schoolgirls he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighboring farms wore bikinis, but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came” (Gordimer, 1978, p.333). The society and the law did not approve of such relationships in South Africa during the Apartheid era. Paulus reminded Thebedi about their forbidden relationship, he told her, “each time, when they would meet again because they cannot be seen in public together