ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Today’s firms are struggling to maintain profitability in an ever competitive world. This is especially difficult owing to the increased costs of human resources, raw materials, production processes and energy. These rising costs have caused most firms to look for innovative ways of reducing costs in order to survive and one such area is the energy sector. There is no doubt that energy is crucial to logistics management and handling and this can translate into a more competitive way of doing business. The paper will look at the relationship between energy and logistical systems and hence offer an ample solution on how organisations can become more effective by better managing energy systems. Why there is a need to focus on energy in logistics When energy use is kept at a minimum in logistics handling through eradication, alteration or minimisation of activities in the systems then this can translate into cost savings. The major advantage with this is that it is likely to increase company profits since operating expenses will have gone down. Furthermore, efficient energy use in logistics eventually causes greater productivity and a high degree of competitiveness for the concerned firm (Tompkins & Jernigan, 56). It also boosts conservation efforts and thus leads to an environmentally sustainable process. When a firm establishes itself as a force to reckon with in conservation then this may enhance its image and even increase profits even more (Patel & Gunasekaran, 20). Energy prices in all sectors of the economy have gone down substantially because of the economic downturn. However, this is only for the short term. In the long term, it has been estimated that there will be continual increases in energy prices and this will directly correlate to increased energy costs within the supply chain (Izzo & Albino, 7), (Yergin, 85). It should be noted that logistic handlers have started appreciating the value of controlling energy costs in the supply chain and have done this through the help of automation, bette
There is no use denying the fact that it is difficult to imagine modern medicine without a good theoretical base which makes the work of people more efficient and helps to save the life of patients. However, very often some theories can be too complicated and, additionally, they could even have the lack of practical background. That is why, it is difficult to accept some theories or suggestions because they are very vague. With this in mind, under modern conditions it seems vital to make some theories more understandable and clear for people, who study them, to be able to use them in practice. It will obviously help to increase the level of efficiency of the whole sphere. Being a very important part of modern medicine, nursing as a science obviously has a great number of different theories which main aim is to increase the level of knowledge of people who work in this sphere and moreover, create some theoretical basis for it ( What Nurses Do , n.d.). Its importance could not be overestimated because they help nurses in their work. The level of their efficiency depends on the level of understanding of the material ( Statement of Purpose , n.d.). From these statements, it becomes obvious how vital it is for nurses to understand all main points of every theory. Under these conditions, the issue of operationalization and simplification obtains especial significance. Nevertheless, it is obvious that these issues obtain importance because of a great complexity of some theories connected with nursing. The thing is that modern process of teaching suggests a great amount of information which a young specialist should process and understand. Sometimes, it is very complicated for him/her and, as a result, the gap in knowledge remains. At the same time, if some complicated theory can be simplified without any loss of its meaning, it can help professionals who work in this sphere to become more efficient and understand it. For example, according to the latest researches success rate among cancer patients depends heavily on the level of care which a nurse suggests them (Coban & Yurdagul, 2014). That is why, a special attention should be given to the process of preparation of these specialists. All theories connected with cancer should be explained for nurses with the usage of examples from practice for them to understand it better. Additionally, it should be said that further operationalization and simplification of theories can be rather beneficial and have only positive influence on the whole sphere of nursing. Moreover, the practice should not also be forgotten. According to some researches, people accept information better if it is supported by some examples. That is why, it is possible to suggest further implementation of these practices can lead to the development of the whole sphere and help to make these very theories more applicable to clinic practices. With this in mind, having analyzed the main id
Being discussed as one of the most famous poets in whose works the Jewish topics and motifs are combined with the private feelings and emotions, Paul Celan remains to be the controversial figure in the literary world because of the significant literary heritage written in the German language during the post-war period which is discussed as the Jewish one. To focus on the topics and devices used by Celan in his poems, it is necessary to discuss the poem “In Front of a Candle” in relation to Ezra Pound’s modes such as melopoeia, logopoeia, and phanopoeia. Usually, all these modes are presented in a poem, but one of the effects can dominate and contribute to determining the specifics of the poet’s style. Paul Celan’s “In Front of a Candle” can be characterized by the significant impact of the logopoeia and phanopoeia effects when the melopoeia effect is not intensive. The logopoeia effect is observed in “In Front of a Candle” with references to the vivid metaphorical and symbolic language used when the phanopoeia effect is produced with the help of the great imagery presented in the text of the poem. The taxonomy of poetry can be described with references to Pound’s three modes. According to Pound, logopoeia employs “words not only for their direct meaning, but it takes count in a special way of habits of usage, of the context we expect to find with the word, its usual concomitants, of its known acceptances, and of ironical play” (qtd. in Ma 52). Logopoeia is also “a play in the shading of the words themselves” (qtd. in Ruthven 121). Thus, the play of words controlled by the poet provides the unique effect and helps accentuate the idea of the work. In its turn, phanopoeia can be discussed as “a casting of images upon the visual imagination” (qtd. in Ma 52-53). Moreover, melopoeia organizes and influences the words “over and above their plain meaning, with some musical property, which directs the bearing or trend of that meaning” (qtd. in Ma 52-53). As a result, the effects of these modes are so intensive th
This book tackles some of the major issues that globalization has brought. It addresses issues such as the increase in global interdependence the liberalization of financial markets. The book also mentions the place of immigrant workers in the global economic cities and their contribution to the global economy. I find myself agreeing with most of the issues raised in the book. One of the issues that the chapter tackles are immigration and the forces behind the immigrations that the world has witnessed in the recent past. Immigrants often come from less developed countries to developed cities in search of employment. The immigrants also notably came from countries that have a level of relationship with the countries of destination. These kinds of relationships ranging from former colonial masters to countries that have foreign direct investments with the countries of the immigrants. Other relationships include military relations among others. The search for employment remains the main reason behind mass immigration. Other causes include civil wars and famine. He noted that these immigrants always join the global cities workforce as casual laborers, usually because of their low skills. Most global cities are located in the United States, Europe, and Japan. The presence of migrant workers has considerably contributed to keeping the wage rates in the global cities low. This is because of their low skills and high number. These factors have greatly affected the migrant workers including low wages. Moreover, it is important to note how vulnerable they have become especially women immigrants. The question of the centrality of the global cities came out as the other issue that the book substantially tackled. Despite the presence of numerous and diverse economies in the world, other cities still attract global business attractions. These attractions do not only happen to the immigrants but also to other professions. As Sassen described in her book, most of the highly specialized global firms also need the services of other firms such as law firms, programmers and logistics firms. This, therefore, attracts those firms to locate closer to the big firms. This, in turn, brings about the centrality of the firm despite the move to diversify their locations. This also contributes to the increase in competition for the same services from other smaller firms. It, therefore, comes out as a disadvantage since it deprives other areas of development and instead concentrates it in particular cities. This makes it very hard to offset developments in other places that would grow into big global economic zones. Moreover, it also contributes to the increase in the expenses of getting such services. This is because of the presence of bigger bidders in the form of big global firms. Globalization has also caused the marginalization of other places. Some of the global cities are only located in America, Europe and a few cities in Asia. This has made it quite impossible for other cities to make it to the global cit
Introduction In the psychological studies concerned with the behaviour of human beings and their reactions to different situations, there is one character present in human beings that is of great interest to scholars and researchers. This is the degree to which the way different individuals believe in themselves and seek to control the things that happen around them. There are two main categories of people in this aspect; people who believe that they can control what goes on around them and those who believe that things happen by chance and hence only let things happen and allow themselves to flow with them (Hammond & Horswill, 2001). This character of controlling things around us may be measured in order to determine the degree of the difference in different individuals pertaining to a given phenomenon. This character is called desirability of control and is measurable using different scales. This study seeks to undertake a research into the desire for control in the workplace and specifically to understand why most people are willing to take greater risks when they are at the position of control or leadership rather than when they are not (Langer, 1975). Aim of the Study The study sought to formulate a scale that would have been efficient for measurement of desirability of control for the workplace. The results of the study would then be used to test the hypothesis that most people prefer to take greater risks while they are in control rather than when they are just ordinary, subordinate employees (Smith, Wallston, Forsberg & King, 1984). The personality trait of desirability for control is related to other personality traits especially the ones in the five factor model such as conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. However, this measure may be very important in the understanding of the human behaviour that pressures many to wish to be the ones in control in the workplace and in other scenarios. It is important to understand this trait in the workplace since it may have an association to other traits that are characteristic of employees. For example, someone may wish to be a leader so as to overcome fear, frustration, anxiety or simply due to such personalities as greed or meanness at the workplace (Svenson, 1981). Desirability of Control and Workplace Anxiety There seems to be a great relationship between desirability for control and workplace anxiety. Since the workplace involves taking of risks, most people do not feel safe as subordinates when the company
The writing under analysis is an article which can be referred to as a “how-to” article or a guideline. The article is written by Richard Band who gives some pieces of advice to those persons who want to become successful in stock trading. The article addresses a very wide audience (for example, business people, students, housewives, educators, etc.), and the writer refers to his readers as “many young investors” (Band par. 2). It is interesting to note that though the genre of the writing does not require persuasive tools, the author uses some persuasive means. The article can be discussed as the effective guidance for inexperienced stock traders because the author explains the business issue with the help of simple and clear language to respond to audience’s needs while using ethos, pathos and logos and to address the structure of a guidance. The major issue the writer is attempting to address is the need to discuss effective tools of stock trading. Band notes that “many young investors” are trying to trade and make money (par. 2). He also stresses that some tips are “especially” necessary for people with limited funds (Band par. 4). Therefore, Band is ready to share his “30-plus years” of experience to help young investors to be successful (par. 4). The author believes his advice will help people and make them more successful stock traders. As far as the intended audience of the article is concerned, the researcher identifies his readers as “young investors” (Band par. 2). Admittedly, lots of people can be young investors. It is possible that these persons are students with the major in business or employees in many companies. However, the target audience is not limited to these people only. The language is based on signals that anyone can be a young investor. According to Band, one day many people try to answer “the question of how much to invest, what to invest in, how to do it, when to do it and … well … you get the point” (Band par. 1). The tone of these first phrases is rather informal to attract more public to the discussion of the business issue. Thus, Band enumerates the issues associated with investment and finishes his sentence in a very informal way, “… well… you get the point” (Band par. 1). The first sentences of the article and the further guidelines where “you”, “yourself”, and “your” are actively used help the author to persuade the audience that the discussed issue is meaningful for everyone. Band also addresses his readers as his friends or students, while drawing their attention with the help of such phrases as “see” and “take a look” (Band par. 3-4). Furthermore, Band is effectively presents the idea of investme
The cave represents the physical world that humankind lives in at present. Plato’s Allegory of the Cave provides descriptive scenarios equivalent to practices in a human being’s ordinary physical world (Altman, 2018). In that cave, human knowledge grows upon getting closer to reality aided by light from the fire and the sun. The sun represents the realm of knowledge illustrated by Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. The excerpt notes that if one of the chained men accessed sunlight, their perspective on shadows would change (Altman, 2018). As illustrated by Plato, values, and morals of truth should guide the right decisions for accurate justice delivery. The cave-dwellers react to the freed prisoner as an outcast of their community (Altman, 2018). Ideally, the former see the freed prisoner as an outsider who opted to leave their inherent and conservative surrounding that determined knowledge. Personally, social media resembles Plato’s cave in my world. Online activities have overwhelmed the need to search for knowledge by getting distracted by digital media platforms. Long hours of online activities have inhibited the perfect scheduling of knowledge-seeking activities away from digital sources. I would want to be freed from Plato’s cave through the path leading to the outside world. The act of reasoned judgment based on truth and the idea of well represented by Plato would mark access to real knowledge (Altman, 2018). Ideally, this would include the strategic identification of useful content that enhances good knowledge in the modern world. I think that an individual has the power to shape their ideas and perspective of knowledge. The change is inherent and must be intrinsically motivated from within an individual’s interest to transform. Taking charge of one’s power of shaping ideas and beliefs is useful in ensuring consistency in perseverance throughout the change process. Reference Altman, W. H. (2018). Ascent to the good: The reading order of Plato’s dialogues from Symposium to Republic . Lexington Books.
Democracy is always defined by the citizens’ right to vote meaning that it will not be in existence if they are denied such an aspect. In this case, they should be free to choose their leaders and government as a whole. The founders of America did not believe in universal suffrage as expected but this has been improving as time goes by. In the initial stages, voters were required to own property and this therefore excluded 60% of the population from voting. As much as this was dropped, the 1800s saw a lot of women and slaves being excluded from voting (Stout, 2009, p. 29). The ratification of 1870 can be described as a major achievement because it secured voting in a broad way. The exclusion of women from voting continued up to 1920 when the country was able to grant all its citizens universal suffrage (Stout, 2009, p. 15). This was mostly after the nineteenth amendment and later on the Indian citizenship act that gave a lot of people some citizenship rights. In this case, all Native Americans were grated some citizenship which was a big achievement. As much as this had been reviewed, people’s right to vote was still being governed by the state through different laws. Despite these developments, some states still barred Native Americans to vote. In 1964, the qualifications for an individual to be eligible as a voter were reviewed. This means that various poll taxes and normal literacy tests were done away with. It should be known that this was enhanced by the twenty-fourth amendment. Later on, in 1971 the legal age that was needed for a citizen to qualify as a voter was lowered. This meant that a person of 18 years of age was eligible to vote in any election. 1976 saw the voting rights act make a provision for translations to people who did not understand English as far as election materials are concerned (Finley, 2008, p. 35). In relation to all these constitutional achievements, many people have come to appreciate the fact that United States provides for ultimate universal suffrage. As time has gone by, the law has insisted that any new state laws should be reviewed and approved by the country’s chief legal officer. There is legal protection in relation to universal suffrage but the mentally incompetent have been excluded from voting which is acceptable. These are good developments that are likely to enhance universal suffrage but different people have argued that it is not enough. This means that all citizens should be effectively represented in government for long term sustainability in relation to democracy. There are various challenges to fair and equal voting practices that need to be sorted out in elections at various levels. This can be either at the federal, state and local levels of elections. Representative democracy has emerged as a challenge that needs to be sorted out because there are people who might be chosen to represent the interests of voters as leaders yet they fail in their duties. Oppressive attitudes have been seen in various areas and this will limit equal voting rights in relation to admin
The clinical practice guideline coauthored by the American Academies of Pediatrics and Family Physicians is a filtered resource document. This is because the paper relays the findings of a specialized study on the topic in question. McGraw Hill’s article on access to medicine is a general information source. It relays information regarding general ailments that relate to the otitis ailment (McGraw-Hill, N.d). McCracken’s journal on the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) in an era of increased microbial resistance is another filtered source of information (McCracken, 1998). This is because the paper exists to address issues, which pertain to the treatment of acute cases affected by increased microbial resistance. The minutes arising from interviews pass for unfiltered resources. This is because the reactions of the respondents are not predetermined. Lastly, Stan Block’s journal on causative pathogens, the resistance of antibiotics, and therapeutic considerations is a filtered information resource. This is because the contents of this center on data collected within the four-year period within which the study occurred (Block, 1997). These sources are suitable for this study since they cover different aspects of the study topic. It is notable that each article highlights a different aspect of the study, making it a unique source of data when compared to the rest. Some of them provide information that is specific to the topic of study, while others provide support information. This is crucial to the study process since it provides information explaining certain occurrences and their significance. Data found in the minutes from interviews passes for primary research evidence. This is because it relays first-hand information straight from the respondents. Stan Block’s journal on causative pathogens is an evidence summary guideline document. The contents of this paper depend on findings reached after analyzing data within a specified period. The journal by the Pediatrics and Family Physicians is an evidence-based guideline document. This is because the interest groups consulted during this compilation came up with definitions as regards crucial matters concerning the study topic. Another evidence summary document is McCracken’s article, highlighting the treatment of acute OM. This applies since findings rely on established facts arrived at after extensive study periods. McGraw Hill’s article on Access Medicine exists out of this group. This is because it states known facts about the ailments without citing evidence for these facts. Watchful waiting is a suitable method of treating children with AOM because the diagnosis of the same requires an extended observation period. This allows the clinical expert to determine the history of onset symptoms and determine the presence of middle ear infection (MEE) by looking for indicators of middle ear inflammation. It is advisable to insist on proper medication and dosage practices among patients diagnosed with these ailments or other viral infect