ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This report is intended to investigate and assess the investment credibility and advantage of Easyjet Plc. To evaluate the report, Easyjet’s strategic movement has been compared with Ryanair and British Airways; therefore, the main aspirations of key stakeholders, mission and vision of Easyjet will be considered. This report also intended to assess the Easyjet’s strategy, the external and internal environments, current strength, weakness, opportunities and threats, corporate social responsibility, organisational structures, financial data, competitors, ratio analysis to develop important evidence, which will be used to determine whether investment in the Easyjet’s equity is suggested. Significant of Pension Funds This report has been prepared for a client of the financial analysts company who is a Pension Funds. The objectives of Pension Funds intended to prospective investment that would be of most magnitude to the client. The basic intention of a pension fund is to invest and administer the subscriptions of the members of pension system in accordance with the general investment strategy. The liable strategy is to expand the pension funds and invest them in such secured schemes without losing real value. In most recent time there are great significant of stock market downturn and caused millions dollar loses by the pension fund. Thus, the major two trend of pension fund is to investing in non volatile issues with stable growth and regularity in dividend payment rather than high capital gain. Overview of EasyJet In 1995, a British based airline EasyJet Airline Company Limited started its expedition with two leased flights from Boeing. Recently, the company operates almost 100 directions airports in 21 European and American. The easyjet convoy consist of 75 own Boeing 737-700 aircraft including 84 leased crafts with 380 rotes. In 2008, the company has generated pre-tax profits of £123m with a £12.9 million of costs coupled with the amalgamation of GB Airways. It has been evidenced to both the flexibility and quality of the easyJet business model with its human resource has sustained to construct high growth in a tremendously challenging year of 2008 where the others were seriously shocked with recessionary impact. Financial analysis of Easy jet Before attempt to compare its financial condition, it should mention its own financial condition of 2008. From the annual report, 2008 of “easy Jet” findings at financial aspects has shown in following table. In this table, almost all financial factors have been integrated- Particulars                            Amount (£) or percentage (%)
Introduction SAAM II, which means simulation, analysis, and modeling software II, is pharmacokinetic analysis software designed for studies of radioactive experiments. The software is very popular among biomedical and bioengineering experts. As such, the package is a very dominant instrument in research, education, and project development (Burnham 12). The system provides help for biomedical problems and services through consultation on the use of software analysis and kinetic data. With the help of the software, an individual can design multi-compartmental representations, simulate experiments on these representations, and analyze data using the designed representations. There are two ways of creating these models. These are by means of compartmental and numerical applications. Designing the models using compartmental and numerical application methods This enables the user to come up with visual symbols of the models graphically. The model can be illustrated with the help of differential equations. Algebraic equations are generated with the help of numerical applications. For both methods used in designing SAAM II models, simulation of complex experimental designs can be achieved. After designing the models, the user can solve the samples before fitting them to the data with the help of special mathematical and statistical methods. With the help of the SAAM II compartmental application and a set of model building tools, an individual can illustrate compartments and represent transfers and delays on a drawing board when required creating graphical symbols of the required compartmental models. Thereafter, the user is required to describe the attributes of particular objects with the help of the dialog box. Through this, the user can come up with reference names for particular compartments. SAAM II is designed in such a way that it can generate a system of differential equations automatically for each model in use. The user should identify an experiment on a model by selecting from a number of experimental building objects that will be illustrated as inputs and outputs. Thereafter, SAAM II will automatically sum up the inputs to the differential equations. Through this, the user can easily relate the samples with any experimental data. After the user identifies the experiment, SAAM II works out and fits the model to the data. Graphical or tabular representation is displayed as an output. The model shown below is used in illustrating the main parts of SAAM II’s model construction capability, describing its attributes, developing trials, and basic operations such as working out, fitting, and viewing solutions. Figure 1: SAAM II interface and an example of a two-compartment model. The figure above shows the SAAM II interface along with a
Provides definitions of some common accounting terminologies and their importance Generally accepted accounting standards These are the guidelines used to prepare books of accounts. The structure consists of rules, standards, and agreements that preside over the preparation of accounting information. These standards are important because through their use there is consistency in the preparation of financial statements. Such consistency facilitates the comparison of financial statements across firms or even over a given number of years (Kaplan & Cooper, 2009). Contra Asset account In most cases, the balance in an asset account is expected to be positive. A contra asset account is an asset account that has either a zero balance or a positive balance. An example of a contra asset account is accumulated depreciation. These accounts are important as they represent costs that are considered liabilities of a firm. Historical cost An asset is initially bought at this cost. When reporting assets in the financial statements, they are reported at cost less the accumulated depreciation to derive the net present value. The use of historical costs is important as it brings about consistency in reporting. Users of financial statements can determine the price at which assets are bought and by how much they have depreciated over the years (Gillan & Martin, 2007). Accrual basis against Cash basis accounting Under the accrual basis of accounting, revenues and expenses are recorded in the accounting books. This happens not only when they are earned but also when they are incurred. Cash basis on the other hand recognizes expenses and income when cash is involved in the transaction. There has to be an actual money exchange for it to be recorded in our books of account. Accounting standard codification This is the numbering of accounting standards for easier identification. Each standard is given its own unique number identification number. This number facilitates recognition and minimizes instances of confusion of the standards (Jones, 2008). Looks at three companies and their fundamental differences in the preparation of books of accounts and financial statements Of the three firms, Lockheed is an IT firm, Samsung an electronics firm, and RTL group is an entertainment network. There are fundamental differences in the preparation of their books of accounting (Weetman, 2007). The financial statements of the three companies for the year 2007 form the basis of this discussion. A glimpse at the income statements of the three companies reveals fundamental differences. RTL being a service-based company does not have a trading account in its income statement. The item of stock of goods is also absent in the income balanced sheet of RTL limited being a service-based company, as opposed to the other two. For Samsung and Lockheed, the net income is more useful while for RTL cash from operations. This is because Samsung and Lockheed are manufacturing firms. Hence, change
Every organization has a unique combination of values, expectations, and practices, which are commonly referred to as “organization culture.” Working with culture implies designing changes sensitive to the organization’s culture (Dong et al., 2011). In order to work with culture, practitioners need to assess the current culture, make a list of alternatives to change, select the most appropriate alternative according to culture, implement the change and then assess the outcomes to draw insights (Dong et al., 2011). Thus, working with culture is a structured process that needs to be conducted with care. Organizational culture should be promoted through internal communications and daily activities. Instead of formally stating the values of an organization, it is best to create traditions, share successes, and lead by example (Forbes, 2021). In other words, the best way to communicate culture is through the alignment of stated values and actions, which is crucial, according to the social norm theory (Blay, 2018). Thus, non-profit leaders should be very careful when working with organizational culture. They should assess culture not through formal papers but through observation of internal communications. Additionally, leaders need to implement changes through the creation of new traditions instead of just including a new set of values in the documents.
Terms Ethical Relativism In ethical relativism, it is believed that there are no moral absolutes, and rights or wrongs. Rights or wrongs are supported by dependant social norms. Ethical relativism permits a wide range of cultures and practices. This permits people to adjust ethically as per the culture, awareness, and changes in the society. In this case, the rights or wrongs are all relative, and a group of people might think that something is right; this should not be assumed that it is right. Ethical relativism does not allow complete lay down of ethics. Rights or wrongs are not complete, and must be determined by a grouping of emotions, experience, social like and logic. Altruism Altruism means the selfless concern about the welfare of other people. This is a virtue which is traditional, and a foundation of many religious traditions. Altruism centers its interest on helping others, and doing well without reward. In this virtue, duty focuses on a moral commitment towards a specific individual, for example, a king or a government. Rosen argues that altruism is giving without expecting anything in return, or expecting recognition that might come along with the giving (28). Altruism is also known as an ethical doctrine which claims that individuals are morally made to help others. Positive Rights Positive rights permit or make actions; this may be a legal or moral character. Positive rights include police protection and society rights, for example: education, security, and access to health care facilities. Positive rights are associated with second and third making. Other people must provide positive rights in order for them to be satisfactorily – they require action from others. For example, in health care, a doctor must be hired to fulfill a right for health, but he is paid for it, and others must pay the bills. Negative Rights Negative rights means rights to not have bad things done to an individual or individuals. For example, right to freedom of speech or autonomy. They enforce duties on other individuals to leave an individual alone to do things that concern that person, and do as he wishes, such as decision making. Negative rights include freedom of expression, freedom of worship, freedom to private property, and freedom from crime and slavery. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the thought that moral value of an action is decided by its importance in increasing utility, which is preference of satisfaction, and reducing negative utility. The moral importance of an action is determined by its results. Utilitarianism begins by looking at the potential rules of action. For a rule to be followed, an individual looks at what wou
Introduction Radiation is the energy that travels in the form of waves or high-speed particles. Light, heat, and sound are different types of radiation. Therefore, public health professionals need to be able to identify and measure different kinds of radioactive materials to minimize their exposure to the public. Methods The Standard Geiger counter and Sodium Iodide radiation detector were used to find any radioactive materials in the two labs used for the experiment. The thermo-identifier and unknown identifier were used to identify radioactive sources. The Ion Chamber was also used to measure the exposure rate of the radioactive materials found in the two labs. Results Laboratory #475: using the hand-held Sodium Iodide radiation detector, a search was performed, and the first radiation source was found in the first drawer of the cabinet, next to bio-hood by the right side of the door. The source was identified as Cesium-137 (Cs), the most common radioactive form of Cesium. The highest reading of the isotope was 0.7mr/hr. The second radiation source was found in the second drawer of bench # 1. The source was identified as Cobalt-57, with the highest reading of 0.8mr/hr. Laboratory #430: using the same hand-held radiation detection instrument, the laboratory was searched, and three more sources of radioactive materials were found. The first source was found in drawer 18 of the cabinet in a little room inside the laboratory. The source was identified as Barium-133 (Ba) with the dose reading of 2.8mr/hr. The second radioactive source was found in the freezer of the refrigerator on the backside of the laboratory. Using the Thermo-Identifier, the source was identified as Gadolinium-153, with the highest dose reading of 0.27mr/hr. Conclusion Both groups of the students have managed to find all radioactive materials in both labs. Introduction The energy emitted from a source is called radiation. Examples include sun radiation or heat, oven microwaves, X-rays, and other radioactive elements that emit gamma rays. Alpha, beta, and gamma are particles generally emitted in ionizing radiation. Alpha-emitting radioactive elements, both natural and man-made, include: Americium-241, Plutonium-236, Uranium-238, Radium-226, Polonium -210 and Radon-222. The health consequences of exposure to alpha particles vary, b
Introduction This is an internship report in the field of IT and Security Networking. The internship took place at the College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University. It was an opportunity for me to apply theoretical lessons into real-life practice in an institutional setting. Zayed University was a perfect choice for the internship because of its highly sophisticated Computer Service Desk and the network system that serve the entire institution. I realised that it was a perfect environment for the internship. The internship report covers profile of the institution, job description and work plan, internship objectives, accomplishments and lessons learned. This report is concise and focused. It reflects my experiences and accomplishments during eight-week period of engagement with the institution. Company Profile Established in 1998, Zayed University is one of the three government-owned institutions of higher learning in the United Arab Emirates with over 17,000 students in various departments. The College of Technological Innovation at the University offers highly sophisticated Computer Service Desk and the network system that serve the entire institution. The institution has experienced massive success over the past decade because of its effective management and interests in research. Consequently, it has received many honours and accreditation by regional and international bodies as it seeks to embrace research as one of its core values in improving various sectors in the region. It has state-of-the-art equipment meant to promote research in the IT sector among the student community and the faculty members. The College of Technical Innovation is one of the most advanced departments within Zayed University. It is keen on conducting research in various departments and encouraging collaboration between students and faculty. Hence, it was the right place to conduct my internship. Job Description and Work Plan The internship period consisted of eight weeks with various roles categorised under level 1, 2, and 3. In the first four weeks, I worked at level 1 with students and faculty members to gain practical skills and knowledge. Roles at the first level involved receiving problems and requests. It also involved addressing the problems and trying to find solutions for them. Key roles involved helping students to format their laptops and iPads and installing various software programmes on these devices. In the fourth week, the department allocated a personal computer desk to me. Consequently, I could personally access the computer system without relying on another machine or individual. My supervisor explained to me that I was allocated a personal computer desk because of diligence, integrity and hard work over the previous weeks and the supervisor was evidently pleased with
Introduction Ethnography, as a science about the cultural, religious and other peculiarities of different nations, faces considerable challenges in the modern world. The bulk of those challenges are connected with the globalization and gradual merging of all cultures while boundaries between them become more and more vague. For example, it is typical nowadays to see a store trading in automobile spare parts located close to the ancient monument of the Asian culture somewhere in China, or vice versa observe the Europeans decorating their flats according to the Asian or African cultural trends. This paper will focus on the basic advantages and challenges faced by ethnography today, and on the ways in which the book by Narayan discloses the fundamentals of the modern ethnography. Main body To begin with, the book “Storytellers, Saints, and Scoundrels” by Kirin Narayan is a valuable source of information about the present day of the field research, or ethnography. Although completed in the early 1990s, the book under consideration discloses the following aspects of the modern ethnography. It discusses attempts to combine the features of different cultures studied so that they were understandable and comprehensible for the bearers of any possible foreign culture. Interest in the most updated methods of ethnographic field research including folk stories study, interviews with their bearers, and attempts to become the part of the culture studied at least for the period of research conduct, are also the characteristic features of this book. Accordingly, the above mentioned aspects of the book can be listed as the most burning issues of the modern ethnography. The process of globalization brings features of a certain culture into another one. Thus, the recent popularity of the Asian religions and cultures in the Western world can serve as an example here. Using the achievements of ethnography, the Western nations acquire more and more interest in the Chinese, Japanese or Indian culture. However, the knowledge of these cultures is often not developed enough which makes it hard for them to co-exist in the society. Namely for the purpose of elimination of this gap in the knowledge, the book by Narayan has been written: “…I attempted to reflect back certain facets of popular, predominantly American, interest in Hinduism for readers outside India.” (Narayan, p. x) Further on, the understanding of the adequate findings of the modern ethnography is an important factor in building the peaceful and friendly relations between the nations and cultures of the world. However, the advantages of the modern ethnography are also considerable. First of all, ethnography is an advanced science as far as it provides for the already mentioned understanding between the bearers of different cultures and worshippers of different religions. Knowing a foreign culture better, the representatives of other cultures will have fewer grounds to build stereotypes against the former. For example, the prejudiced attitude towards t
On the one hand, the concept of ethical relativism provides a unique opportunity of finding the middle ground and introducing a compromise into the discussion of a contentious moral issue. On the other hand, ethical relativism incorporates quite a range of contradictions and challenges to resolving moral concerns. Therefore, considering the essential objections to the idea of ethical relativism is vital to the development of a cohesive argument. The attempt at establishing the idea that no objective truth can be located in any circumstances and that every situation could be seen as ethically ambiguous is the main issue that ethical relativism suggests. The challenge of maintaining some semblance of moral standards and differentiating between the objective good and the objective evil increases exponentially with the incorporation of ethical relativism into the discussion, as s Pojman warns (MacKInnon & Fiala, 2017). Therefore, the continuous focus on ethical relativism may blur the boundaries between right and wrong. Additionally, ethical relativism may turn out to be self-contradictory after closer consideration of its key postulates. Namely, Pojman explains that the core argument of ethical relativism may imply the creation of a strawman, therefore, leading to a logical fallacy and failing to represent a real-life scenario fully (MacKInnon & Fiala, 2017). Specifically, Pojman explains that the application of moral relativism often implies distorting the opposing perspective, thus, representing the proponents of a specific viewpoint as those on the extreme side of the debate (MacKInnon & Fiala, 2017). Although adhering strictly to a specific ethical position without considering the effort to examine the opposing standpoints does have a distinctive air of rigidity, it still does not approach the notion of ethical extremism, which is why ethical relativism fails to represent the opponents properly. Thus, ethical relativism has a range of dents in its framework, which must be considered closely prior to selecting the theory as the foundation for decision-making. Reference MacKInnon, B., & Fiala, A. (2017). Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.