ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The way in which women have been depicted in paintings has changed dramatically over the years. Ancient artists in Rome and Greece depicted women in idealized form standing proudly nude in unabashed splendor. With the loss of these cultures, though, the female form was taken back into the private sphere, remaining hidden under voluminous clothing that prevented anything other than hands or face to be seen. Nevertheless, much could be discerned about the woman based on other elements that were often included in the details of the painting. This type of approach can be seen in the work of painters such as Jan van Eyck, a Dutch painter working in the early 1400s. As the ancients were again turned to for inspiration with the advent of the Renaissance, women’s bodies were again released from their bindings and permitted to stride forward in full glory. This is seen in Sandro Botticelli’s painting, “The Birth of Venus” as he completely broke with the habits of tradition and permitted Venus her freedom. To illustrate this difference in approaches, van Eyck’s painting “Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife” and Botticelli’s “The Birth of Venus” will be compared. Main body Jan van Eyck painted his “Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife” in 1434. This painting has been largely acknowledged primarily due to the various examples of symbolism contained in the painting as well as for its unique perspective. However, left mostly out of the conversation is the idea that Arnolfini’s wife is pregnant. Closer inspection indicates that Jeanne de Chanany is not actually pregnant but is instead wearing the voluminous clothing popular for the early Renaissance period. “Although many modern viewers mistakenly assume Giovanna is pregnant, art historians familiar with 15th century painting point out the numerous amount of paintings of Saints in similar apparel and believe that an excessive amount of fabric was fashionable for women’s dresses at the time. (Hall, 1994. p. 105-6). The bulge is explained by the extra gather of material she holds in her hand at her waist in imitation or exaggeration of pregnancy. It is argued that the bride’s apparent pregnancy was a means of indicating her willingness to bear children rather than an actual pregnancy. However, the lady’s stance, with one hand laid delicately, serenely and protectively upon a protruding stomach and slightly rounded shoulders as if bearing the additional weight of a child, at least provides every indication of pregnancy, making this an early portrait of pregnancy. Figure 1. “Arnolfini Portrait”, 2006 Van Eyck provides several clues to further suggest that de Chanany is pregnant. She is wearing a green dress as opposed to the traditional white, indicating this is not a virgin marriage, but instead one in full flower, full of life and ready to bloom. Green was also considered the color of hope, perhaps indicating that the woman hoped to have children for her new husband.
Introduction Being vegan signifies a philosophy and manner of living that aims at excluding, as much as achievable, any kind of exploitation of, and cruelty against, animals for meat, clothing and other uses while promoting and calling for the utilization of animal-free options to the advantage of animals, people, and the environment. In this regard, vegans chose to desist from the consumption of meat and other animal products while upholding the principle of harmlessness that leads them not just to avoid causing harm but also doing the utmost good (Rothgerber 198). Becoming a vegan, embracing an animal-free nutritional practice, is uncommon, particularly amid the people residing in developed nations. For instance, in the US, only about 1% of the grown-up population is vegan, while 2% of the young people from eight to eighteen years of age have chosen to practice veganism. Inadequate studies have sought to research the issue of veganism. This study will discuss the positive motives and positive effects of becoming vegan. Positive Reasons Studies affirm that the major reasons behind becoming vegan are love to animals, health concerns, ethical issues, spiritual beliefs, dislike for animal meat and other products, and an inclination toward animal-free foods. In the majority of instances, people who choose to become vegan are the ones raised in families that consumed the meat and other animal products but someday reached the decision of going contrary to such dietary practices. Amid the most remarkable actions that one can undertake is having a considerable change to nutritional practices. The prevention of the abuse and exploitation of animals act as the greatest reason behind people choosing to become and remain vegan. The development of emotional connection with animals might strongly result in such a decision. Moreover, such a connection leads to many people believing that every animal has the right to life and liberty. In this regard, abstaining from meat and other animal products has turned out to be one of the most apparent approaches of standing against the brutality and mistreatment of animals anywhere. Therefore, choosing to become vegan illustrates genuine empathy towards animals (Rothgerber and Mican 12-16). There are disconcerting environmental problems linked to the consumption of meat and other animal products. A wide pool of studies establishes that enhanced animal agriculture is resulting in detrimental environmental concerns, encompassing land, air, and water pollution, in addition to hastening the occurrence of climatic changes. The li
Abstract Continuous quality improvement (CQI) plays a central role in promoting the quality of goods and services that an organization produces. Many models for improving continuous quality improvement exist. This paper has examined four of the most common CQI models, namely, PDCA, Six Sigma, Lean methodology, and ISO 9000. It illustrates the major advantages and limitations of each model as indicated in various articles and highlights the key differences between them. PDCA/PDSA Overview The PCDA model, also called the Deming cycle, is a four-stage iterative process adopted in industries to improve the quality and efficiency of internal processes. This continuous quality improvement (CQI) concept was first put forward in 1950 by Edwards Deming, who named it the PDSA cycle (the ‘S’ stands for ‘study’). The PDCA cycle consists of four stages, namely, plan, do, check, and act (Matsuo & Nakahara, 2013). Advantages  1. The PDCA tool is pragmatic, which allows users to experiment small-scale interventions in a cost-effective manner (Matsuo & Nakahara, 2013).  2. Simple – it allows users to do a rapid assessment of changes through four simple steps (Matsuo & Nakahara, 2013).  3. It is flexible and expandable, as new improvements can be made based on feedback data (Chinvigai, Dafaoui & El Mhamedi, 2008).  4. It gives users the “freedom to act and learn”, which reduces risks to clients and minimizes resources needed (Chinvigai et al. , 2008, p. 2).  5. It is rigorous like hypothesis testing (data collection and analysis), which reduces the possibility of error (Chinvigai et al. , 2008).  6. It generates knowledge for CQI and fosters real-time learning and innovation. The knowledge acquired during one PDCA cycle can be used to change processes or generate a framework for CQI (Matsuo & Nakahara, 2013).  7. It has an in-built ‘check’ mode that allows organizations to evaluate the effect of a process before its completion. This gives firms an opportunity to adjust the process to ensure it meets the targets (Matsuo & Nakahara, 2013).  8. It is comprehensive – it captures all the necessary elements of a process (Bhuiyan & Baghel, 2005).  9. It is engaging – since PDCA is team-focused, it enhances collaboration and teamwork in a firm (Bhuiyan & Baghel, 2005). 10. PDC
Introduction Strategic planning refers to the process of identifying the most appropriate approaches towards realizing every targeted organizational goal. Strategy formulation focuses on adequate courses of action that will ensure the vision and mission of an organization are achieved. Several steps should be considered depending on the targeted business objectives. One of the most important things to understand is that strategy formulation and planning is a critical process in every organization (Lager, 2016). At Samsung Electronics, evidence-based strategies are undertaken in an attempt to realize the targeted goals. The strategy formulation and planning phase is critical because it outlines the most desirable approaches towards achieving an organization’s mission. Samsung embraces this phase in an attempt to produce superior products that can compete successfully in the global market.   * Thesis Statement: Samsung Electronics can produce innovative devices and use customer-focused marketing initiatives to create a new strategic plan. Strategy Formulation and Planning Phase at Samsung Samsung is one of the leading companies in the consumer electronics industry. The firm has been focusing on the most appropriate initiatives that can deliver positive results. For instance, innovation is taken seriously to produce superior devices and appliances that can compete successfully in the global market. The company’s R&D department embraces various procedures and strategies depending on the changing needs of the global consumer (Hadjikhani, Lee, & Park, 2016). The strategy formulation and planning phase is executed by the needs of the consumers. The strategic formulation phase is characterized by specific actions such as evaluation of the global business environment, identification of targets, and analysis of past performance (Hadjikhani et al., 2016). The above aspects are used to derive the most desirable strategy for Samsung. The strategy is founded on specific attributes such as opportunities, organizational goals, and existing strengths (Son & Kim, 2016). After identifying the best strategy, the right team is assembled to achieve targeted goals. However, specific recommendations have the potential to redefine the company’s future performance. Recommendations Several recommendations can make it easier for Samsung to achieve its business potentials much faster. The best suggestion is for the company to combine the continued introduction of innovative products with customer-centered marketing campaigns (Hadjikhani et al., 2016). The company has been producing superior smartphones and mobile devices that support the needs of more customers. However, Samsung Corporation can focus on the best strategies to produce new devices that deliver exemplary and user-friendly applications (Hadjikhani et al., 2016). The features included in these devices should be able to improve people’s lifestyles. After producing such superior devices, Samsung Electronics should employ the use of strategic marketing campaigns (Son & Kim, 2016). Such campaigns should be characterized by the best attributes such as effective advertising methods and promotional approaches. The
Executive Summary The Institute for Information Management has been committed to achieving its vision of becoming the leading provider of information to various companies within Australia. However, its system is falling apart because of its inability to address some of the strategic issues affecting various industries. Not only is it losing the companies that were formerly its members, but also the volunteers who now consider it ineffective in addressing their career development needs. In order to address this problem, the institute will need to apply the concept of knowledge management system. Introduction Knowledge management system has become very important for organisations in an environment where information is an important tool in achieving success. Both profitable and non-profitable organisations experience some form of challenges that force them to improve their service delivery in order to remain efficient in their operations. To achieve the desired success, they need to have a proper knowledge management system that will allow all the departments to share relevant information within the shortest period possible. Lambe (2011, p. 185) defines knowledge management system as “A system that helps the organisations in creation, capture, processing, storage, and dissemination of information.” The system enables organisations to improve their efficiency in processing relevant information and transmitting it to the relevant departments and individuals so that it may define their decisions as a way of improving their efficiency. Wilson (2002, p. 86) says, “The idea of a knowledge management system is to enable employees to have ready access to the organisation’s documented base of facts, sources of information, and solutions.” This way, they will always make informed choices based on the information in the system. It also eliminates bureaucracy that exists in some organisations that limits information sharing. The Institute for Information Management has remained committed to its aim of becoming the leading source of information management for companies in Australia. However, it has been faced with numerous challenges which make this vision to be elusive. This research seeks to find ways though which this institute can use the knowledge management system to promote engagement and collaboration among its members in order to improve its service delivery and attract more volunteers. The Case Study The Institute for Information Management has worked tirelessly to gain relevance as one of the leading organisations that brings together users of information manag
Mental health nursing has undergone several changes in the post-modern era. Postmodernity is the state or condition that exists after modernity. Modernity on the other hand is the Enlightenment or Progressive era. Giddens (1990) says that modernity can be defined as a condition or rather a state in which most institutions undergo changes that have a direct impact on the social and political aspects of a community (p. 60). The phenomenon began in the 1950s. Postmodernity thus is the culmination of this process where constant change is the status quo and the progress notion is obsolete. The changes have influenced people’s perception of the major aspects of health care providers to mental health patients. This is due to the replacement of traditional cultural structures by the commoditization of social living, consumption, and failure to support the mental health needs that result in psychopathology. Some of the mental health needs include alienation, depression and anxiety, materialism and existential health. The desire for identity and personal growth as well as transcendence has proved to be generated when cultural frameworks become outdated. According to Kirmayer and Minas (2000), this modernity affects psychiatry in three ways; effects on identity, the impact of economic inequalities in mental health and dissemination of psychiatry knowledge itself (p. 67). Because of the human being’s nature as a social being, once that bond is destroyed and they live as individuals, many emotional and spiritual ills take place. Additionally, materialism and consumption in modern society are a way of life on emotional well-being. It promotes self-centeredness, lack of generosity to others later becoming less happy and less satisfied with life as a whole. When one gets to this stage in life, they become depressed which according to Murray and Lopez (1997) is the leading cause of disease burden (p. 1500). The modern self has been alienated from society and consumables become the only way of self-identity. Schumaker states, “moderns have become distanced from the communal operations that historically have immunized members from a range of psychopathologies” (2001, p. 28). This in return evades the real meaning of existence leading to dissatisfaction. Additionally, competition is an example of the effects of modernity on mental health. The modern person has devalued co-operation and success is based on another person’s failure. This robs individuals of empathy, creating a more rugged individual leading to poor relationships. It eventually leads to isolation and socially alienated individual with no cooperation. World Bank’s statistics show that mental health problems cause a great loss of quality life-nearly 10% (1993, p. 45). Risks like terrorism as pointed out by Howson et al. are likely to have an immense impact on mental health in the world at large (1998, p. 589). Postmodernism has led to
Introduction There are several gaming consoles available in the market. With the gaming population across the world, almost tripling, manufacturers are coming up with great and unique gaming product variations to make their products appeal to their target customers. This is a marketing strategy aimed at increasing the clients and making profits in a competitive market. Products and Brand There are nine smart gaming products available on best buy.com. Eight of them are similar products of different brands, these are two Play station brand products, four X-Box brand products, two Nintendo brand products. It is necessary to identify the difference between a brand and a product. A brand can never exist without a product. Firms manufacture products that other firms can easily alter to increase their competitive advantage in the market. On the other hand, clients create a brand. A product may become obsolete, but a brand is timeless. In this case, even if Sony stopped producing Play station3 model 99129 the Sony brand of play station will continue to sell in the market (“Smart Gaming Consoles”). Variations within Brands The main variation in features of the products within the brands is simple. This refers to a variation that focuses on the characteristics of a product. Products with extra features cost the manufacturers more to produce than those without. As a result, the prices vary from product to product within a brand. For example, within the play station brand, there are two products. These are the play station3 model 99129 and model 99106. Play station model 99129 has a stronger WIFI capability than model 99106. Features such as; 3D, HDMI output, motion gaming, and 720 HD Video output are represented in Model 99106, but not in model 99129 (“Smart Gaming Consoles”). There are four products within the X-Box brand, which have variations although they are the same products. In this category, the variations are in the product features, for example, X-Box Bundle does not have USB capability, whereas the other three products of this model have USB Capabilities. Another variation is in the warranty; X-Box Bundle does not have a one-year warranty like the other products of the brand. The same applies to the Nintendo brand; the variation in features is still simple. The products appear to differ in features and capabilities. From an observation of the variations in features, one may argue that the main variation is a simple variation coupled with a bit of horizontal variation to increase the quality of products (“Smart Gaming Consoles”). Price Variation The nature of price variation in th
Introduction Education is an integral part of the development of every human being, irrespective of it being in the form of formal education or not. From this perspective, the motto is steeped in the philosophy of human development. Business is what gives practical meaning to human development through the creation of products and services or in other words acts as a significant medium towards human development. My Embodiment of the Motto Changes in individuals occur at different stages of life. Education brings about a significant manner in the way an individual thinks and acts in everyday situations. In other words education guides and molds the thinking processes that include the use of imagination and judgments, in what may be considered moral thinking, which is a form of creative imagination that brings into reckoning several factors. The right use of imagination, brought about by the increased awareness of the differences in individual experiences and the experiences of others that give rise to different perspectives, has been a significant factor in human development. A simple and well-known example of this is the revolutionary idea of the sun being the center of our solar system and not the earth. Hence university education fosters the right sort of thinking and imagination in an individual for the purpose of individual development and through that the development of society, leading to human development. (1). This fostering the right sort of thinking in universities leads to creative thinking and the formulation of innovative ideas. Innovative ideas generated from imaginative minds remain in thoughts only unless they are translated into a useful form for human development. There are several means to making practical use of innovative ideas, business being one means to action. However, businesses differentiate between actionable ideas that are innovative and those that will not work, due to the inherent inefficient processes. In other words, the fostering of actionable ideas in universities needs to be constructive towards serving either business or social needs. It is in this that the embodiment of the word service lies. Educational institutions not only foster the generation of ideas, but also critical thinking that enables the translation of ideas into action into services useful to society and business. This culture of creative and actionable ideas arising from universities is the nutrition on which businesses thrive. From a business perspective innovation, the product of actionable ideas creates new products and services in the development of humanity. A simple example of the linkage between education and business, wherein creative ideas are made actionable into innovation for the development of humanity is in the business activities of Microsoft. In this information age, Microsoft is a pioneering business that has translated creativity emerging from educational institutions into action. The results of their activities have led to dramatic and revolutionary products and services that have enhanced the quali