ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The author has chosen Samsung as the DVR brand for which they would determine the recording format. The company is well-known worldwide and well-documented online, which makes learning which formats it supports easier than for many other brands. Per “SmartCam HD Plus” (n.d.), Samsung DVRs use the H.264 compression method and output MJPEG files. While the compression method is widely used, MJPEG is an uncommon and inconsistent standard that has diverged considerably in its implementation since its introduction in the 1990s. As such, it may be challenging to access the data directly, as an appropriate playback tool would need to be found. It would be best to prepare Samsung-compatible devices or programs ahead of time, as, due to the brand’s prominence, there is a considerable likelihood of encountering it in practice. In addition to traditional computers, digital forensic investigators may also access network logs, which are typically stored on their servers. This data can be used to track network traffic and any changes that took place within it. The information is particularly useful in the case of cybercrime, where attackers also target the network and alter permissions to get unauthorized access to data. With that said, cybercriminals will often alter or delete the logs to conceal their tracks, which can make data collection challenging. Another application would be to determine the network’s or a user’s IP and track their online activity. The information can be used to determine an unknown individual’s location and possibly identity, or for a known individual, it can show what sites they accessed. In combination with other information, data about a person’s online activity can be invaluable in finding vital evidence, especially with the current prevalence of the Internet. Reference SmartCam HD Plus . (n.d.). Web.
HP is a multinational organization that has been in the market for a long time and this is a fact that can not be disputed As a matter of fact, the company is an information technology multinational. In this case, the organization has gone through a lot of changes that have made it establish a presence in almost every country around the world (Malone, 2007, p. 12). All in all, the company was rather unfocused and this has changed as time goes by. In this case, the company had not defined itself because it was working on a wide range of products that include agriculture and industry (products). In the long run, the company was forced to focus on measurement equipment and high quality electronics. This is the most notable change that the company embraced for long term sustainability in the market. As a matter of fact, the founders later on developed a unique management style that was later on known as the HP way . Changes in the company’s core principle and objectives were necessitated by market needs. As a matter of fact, the market is very competitive and that is why the company had to define its product line and range instead of dealing in industry and agricultural products (Malone, 2007, p. 24). For the company to move forward and grow its market there was need for change in various organizational practices and objectives. The company planed for these changes through its management and this was done after various considerations had been done. This is based on the fact that the company has produced a lot of innovative products as time goes by. Change was planned for through a dedicated focus on individual creativity and innovation. All in all, the company has been planning for these changes by focusing on the changing business environment. In this case, they have always been on the look out on what customers want over a given period of time (Ross, 2010, p. 23). On the other hand they have always encouraged employees to be
Throughout 1970s and 1980s, Japan was considered to be a good example of the most vibrant and emerging economy in the world. In fact, the rate at which the economy of Japan was growing was quite alarming. Analysts argued that the nation was headed towards being the world’s largest economy. Many scholars used Japanese economic growth as a case study to determine how emergent economies were headed towards replacing the western nations to global capitalisms (Metzler 657). However, within years, the situation in Japan took a completely new direction. Towards the end of 1980s, the Japanese economy experienced its first crisis. The economic development in Japan, which was looked at as a good example of effective approach to economic and social development in 1970s and 1980s, abruptly started to face problems that affected the country for more than 20 years. First, the real estate bubble declined, followed by the banking sector. Throughout 1990s, the country faced a prolonged economic recession triggered by a bubble burst in real estate and equity markets as well as an ensuring crisis in the banking system. To make matters worse, the East Asian economic crisis of 1997-2000 deepened the economy of a number of countries in the region, further affecting the situation in Japan. It has been argued that if one needs to understand the inherent flaws and problems affecting the approach to economic and social development taken by nations in the East Asian region, it is important to consider the example of Japan and its long-standing economic crisis and the East Asian financial recession. Analysts have argued that the inherent problem with the approach in the region, especially in Japan, was primarily due to much involvement of the government in guiding the free economy. The long-term result of this, witnessed in Japan, is a saturation of the regional and global export market, distortion of market forces, excessive investment, excessive debt taking by companies and saturation of the regional and global export markets. In addition, policization and crony capitalism affect the decision making process. In addition, it has been argued that the situation in Japan was made worse by the approach taken by East Asian nations, including authoritarianism and environmental degradation. In fact, Japan is yet to recover from the crisis- 20 years since it experienced the first effect of a bursting bubble. Arguably, the economic crisis in Japan and the East Asian region should provide enough proof that newly developing nations should be warned away from taking the same approach, lest they face the same problems faced by Japan and other nations in the region. First, emerging and newly developing economics should take note of the situation in Japan prior to and during the economic crisis. In fiscal policy, the Japanese example shows a failed stimulus package initiative in addition to the less effective as a rationale for marking these packages. It is worth noting that the fiscal stimulus, taken as an approach to economic development in Japan, had the desired economic effect in a country where the industrial development was th
Nowadays, the importance of incorporating science into the preschool curriculum cannot be underestimated. Children should be provided with a number of opportunities to get to know the physical world, reflect on the events taking place in it, and develop the basics of scientific thinking (Barnett & Morran, 2002). There exist many practical ways and strategies to assist children in studying science in the preschool classroom. Below, a few practical ideas regarding this will be discussed on the basis of the findings made by the authors of the given readings. In their article, Barnett and Morran (2002) suggest that children in the preschool classroom may benefit greatly from the studies of the phases of the Moon and lunar and solar eclipses. They propose that children may have short play-based studying sessions on a daily basis devoted to basic astronomical knowledge. To make such study beneficial, preschool teachers may use visual aids, reference materials, and video films. The studies may be held both indoors and outdoors. It is important not to make such environmental studying sessions too long because it would be tiresome for children, and, thus, will fail to attain its aim. Basile and White (2000) advise that the main goal of environmental studies should be to ‘establish a sense of respect for all living and nonliving elements of the natural world” (Basile & White, 2000, p. 2002). This article proposes to incorporate the following elements into the preschool curriculum including (1) teaching about the facts on how living systems work; (2) encouraging students’ respect for all living things; (3) facilitation of critical thinking regarding environmental matters; and (4) facilitation of environmental stewardship. To put these recommendations into practice, teachers may organize daily environmental sessions outdoors. They may help children familiarize themselves with living beings of the surrounding world such as insects, birds, animals, and plants. Besides, teachers may organize daily debate sessions when students may ask them different questions regarding the functioning of all living creatures and natural phenomena. One more idea on how to incorporate environmental studies into the daily curriculum is daily tracking the weather. Charlesworth and Lind (2010), and Robbins (2005) concentrate on the importance of the studies of maths and science in the preschool classroom. They recommend facilitating scientific and math experiments into the curriculum with the purpose of developing an ‘outside the box’ way of thinking. Furthermore, on a daily basis, maths studies can be incorporated into the curriculum in play form. In particular, students may build with blocks and count them, sort objects within the frames of different games such as ‘Find it first’, count toy money during a game of shopping, etc.
The problem of migraine headache affects a large number of people, reducing the quality of their lives and affecting their well-being significantly. Therefore, it is critical to develop the approaches toward alleviating patients’ condition and preventing the instances of migraine headache from occurring in the future (Coppola et al., 2016). Including a combination of a drug-based treatment and a set of therapeutic measures has allowed addressing the problem of migraine headache in the case under analysis. It is worth noting that the actual nature of migraine headaches has not been fully established yet. Therefore, the existing treatment options for the disorder mentioned above vary extensively, with the pieces of advice for alleviating patients’ pain ranging from reducing the extent of workplace stress to getting more exercise and changing diet (Kroon et al., 2017). Thus, a combined evidence-based approach toward handling the case of migraine in the situation under analysis is required. In addition, studying the patient’s family health background will be needed to evaluate the possibility of the migraine headache being a hereditary disorder. An overview of the family-related concerns will inform the choice of tools and techniques that can be used to assist a patient (Luedtke, Allers, Schulte, & May, 2016). Detailed data concerning the instances of migraine headache in patient’s family members will define the selection of treatment tools. The importance of patient education should not be underestimated during the provision of care since it will offer a chance at developing a flexible approach toward meeting their needs. By providing a patient with the information that will allow them to build a framework for identifying the development of a migraine headache and locating the external factors that may have caused it, one will enable the vulnerable population to manage their disorder more effectively.
What category or type of treatment or services does your program or facility provide? It should be known that there are various classifications of drugs and narcotics. In this case, we have stimulants which are known to stimulate and increase arousal. In fact, they also excite individuals and in the process lead to other effects. Depressants can be classified into two categories namely; sedative hypnotics and analgesics. Analgesics are used to help different people or patients relive pain. In other occasions, they are also used to block signals of pain as time goes by. Sedative hypnotics are mostly used to induce sleep in various ways. There are also occasions where they are used for relaxation purposes. As far as Anti-Psychotics are concerned, we only have Thorazine. Inhalants are used in various ways and they are also available in different forms. Some of these inhalants might not be recognized by the user and this is based on various aspects. Marijuana can also be classified as a drug and a narcotic because it can be found in different forms. In this case, we have Cannabis Ruderalis, Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indica.As much as it is undeniable that different drugs have varying effects, their symptoms are almost similar. Common s
Introduction “Christianity bears a huge burden of guilt. Hence we shall continue to have a worsening ecologic crisis until we reject the Christian axiom that nature has no reason for existence save to serve man” 1 . The above statement summarizes Lynn White’s argument on why the environment is constantly being mismanaged (today). Most of White’s contribution to the field of environmental ethics is conceptualized in the article titled, “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis ”. Here, White explains that most forms of animal species have modified their environments but the human race has done so, extensively (more than other animal species) 2 . Partly, White shows that Christianity (in its western form) is partly responsible for the excessive modification of the environment today. White attributes this phenomenon to the centralized teaching in Christianity that propagates the view that the environment exists for man’s service 3 . Indeed, unlike other environmental theories, White’s ideology centers on religion and its contribution to environmental management. Due to White’s unique view on environmental ethics, his ideologies have been of great interest to many religious and environmental researchers. Concisely, because of White’s attempt to associate Christianity with environmental mismanagement, he has been widely condemned for propagating a false ideology of environmental ethics. Most of the criticism has come from religious quarters. However, a section of environmentalists agrees with his opinions. Some explain that White’s view of Christianity and the environment is factual because White shows the technological powers that people have wielded over the environment for centuries 4 . Through this assertion, Christianity is portrayed as nature’s worst enemy. White’s arguments have been in existence for decades but few people agree as to whether his arguments are true or false. This paper seeks to investigate White’s argument with the aim of providing direction to the endless debate regarding the role of Christian doctrines on environmental degradation. To support its findings, this paper seeks to investigate different aspects of White’s arguments. Among the issues to be investigated will be the weaknesses in White’s arguments, the presence of pejorative presentation in White’s arguments, the superficial theology used to base White’s arguments and the naïve solution presented by White. Comprehensively, this paper proposes the view that White’s argument is flawed. Weakness in Argument White’s argument on western philosophy is significantly flawed in the fact that he perceives Christianity as the villain of the piece 5 . Through this flaw, it has been very difficult to investigate the counter arguments and contradictions of White’s arguments. For example, White presents an argument based on the extensive deforestation of pre-Christian Romans but still links massive deforestation to decades of western missionary reign. The reign of the pre-Christian roman rulers is only mentioned in White’s argument but it is not properly investigated. Furthermore, White acknowledges the pressure that an overpopulated world causes on
General statement Postmodernism is a term used to refer to the general changes that occur in the institutions. The term modern refers to the present and post modernism refers to events that happened after modernism. Post modernism came into being in the 20th century and it covered the theories that related to changes in the literature, architecture, design, drama as well as the various changes that are experienced in our economic and industrial cultures. The changes that have occurred after the era of modernism have given a new wave to the value and the condition or state of the institutions today. The overall considerations of the changes in the politics, economics, culture, philosophy and institutions has given rise to new cities which are referred to as the postmodern cities. In the global sphere, a postmodern city has been attached to various changes which reflect the cultural framework of the city, changes in the economy and a new orientation in the post industrial capitalist society. Post modernism gives a reflection of post modern city that depicts a lot of fun in the lifestyles of the locals, freedom and also sex. Summary Postmodernism describes the appreciation of the changes that occur in today’s institutions, culture, economy and how these changes are sustained. The structure of a postmodern city has been defined by various scholars. This has given rise to questioning of what the postmodern city really comprises in terms of the various described changes that are deemed to have occurred after modernism. The paper assesses the query of what the postmodern city looks like and what changes one would expect to find in these cities as opposed to other cities. The paper also analyses the theory of Las Vegas being the first postmodern city in the world. An in depth study of the changes, structure, culture among other changes are analyzed against the description of the postmodern city. The final analysis takes a look at other cities and gives a statement on their ability to be considered as contenders to the consideration of being postmodern cities against Las Vegas. Each of these sections comprises different descriptions of the topic, examples, background and conclusions of how the topics supports the thesis. Thesis A postmodern city must have defined characteristics and conditions that must be satisfied in order for that city to be considered postmodern. In the global category Las Vegas was the first city to meet these conditions and is therefore considered the first postmodern city in the world. Over time, other cities have struggled to meet the prescribed conditions and this therefore means that there must be other contenders of the postmodern city description. What does a postmodern city look like? The issues related to the postmodern idea emerged with the reactions that were brought forward against modernism. Post modern cities are created through the recognition of the key principles and values that lead to their formation and sustaining. Post modern city can be defined with the rise of the invention of tradition by imitating older forms. This has been referred to as historical ecle
Insanity defense in criminal trial is justified in cases where, an individual fails to understand the nature of the crime committed or fails to distinguish wrong from right at the time of committing a criminal act (Goldstein, 2002). It also occurs when a defendant denies responsibility of engaging in criminal behavior as a result of having mental problems or illness. Definitions of insanity defense vary from one place to another but the basic underlying issue is an individual’s mental condition at the time of committing an offense. This type of defense has been in existence since the code of Hammurabi, a Babylonian law code that dates back from the 1780 BC. Initially, it was not used as an argument for determining if a defendant is guilty or not but as a way of pardoning or mitigating a sentence (Gray, 1990). The concept of using insanity to bar a defendant’s conviction was introduced by Isaac ray, an early nineteenth-century scholar in the medical jurisprudence of insanity and later through England’s seminal decision titled the M’Nagten case. The defense asserts that a defendant should not be termed as guilty due to insanity. It bases its argument on the fact that, an insane person lacks the intent required in performing criminal actions because the individual either does not understand if the actions are wrong, or may not be in a position to control the actions even in cases where one knows that they are not right (Morse,1989). However, this argument is controversial because it is very difficult to define insanity itself; hence it posse’s challenges in determining circumstances of excusing criminals based on the defense. Although rarely used in criminal trials, members of the general public and legislators have greatly questioned the need for the defense when one in a publicized murder case remains not guilty due to insanity. For instance, it was successfully used in defense of john Hinckley against the murder of President Ronald Reagan. In the defense, Hinckley argued that he did so to impress an actress named Jodie foster, something not possible with mentally fit individuals. Moreover, the debate on the application of the defense has received divided opinions from both the medical and legal practitioners. According to this defense, punishments and convictions are only justified if the offender deserves them. The underlying principle for punishment is that an individual who commits criminal offenses must have moral responsibility (Robitscher, 1982). An individual is termed as lacking moral agent responsibility when faced with mental problems or when not in a position to control his actions. Therefore, it would not be fair to punish a person in such extreme challenges. The defense cannot be applied in cases where an individual willin
Prostitution is referred to as one of the oldest professions. However, prostitution is not legalized. Women who sell their bodies as well as men who pay for sexual services are criminals according to the current legislation. In many countries, including the United States, the police arrests individuals involved in prostitution, however, a careful examination of the problem reveals that legalization of prostitution may improve the quality of life in society as well as generate wider benefits for the community. There are four reasons to legalize prostitution:  1. legalization promotes safety and improves the neighborhoods;  2. it reduces crime;  3. legalization decreases the number of sexually transmitted diseases; and  4. it generates economic benefits. The first reason to legalize prostitution is the promotion of safety. Currently, prostitutes are forced into the places where they should not – streets of neighborhoods. Residents of the neighborhoods are exposed to the activity. In addition, working on the streets is not safe for prostitutes who become frequent targets for serial killers. Legalization of prostitution, as it is already done in several European cities, removes these women from the streets to the designated areas. As the result, the safety of the neighborhoods is maintained. Moreover, people who are interested in buying sexual services can freely go to the places where prostitution is permitted. The second reason to legalize prostitution is to reduce the crime. One of the problems associated with prostitution is increased crime and drug abuse. When a woman is charged for a sex crime (prostitution), the stigma lasts for lifetime. As the result, this woman is not able to find another employment. Legalization of prostitution gives women a choice in profession. Illegal prostitution promotes crime activity because many criminals view prostitutes as targets for rape, robbery, and fraud. Prostitutes are unlike to report the crime to police because they are involved into illegal activity. Legalization of prostitution makes victims less reluctant to report to police. Thus, more criminals are caught and the crime level decreases. The third reason to