ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Highlights in a sport video are usually referred as actions that stimulate excitement or attract attention of the audience. A big effort is spent in designing techniques which find automatically highlights, in order to automatize the otherwise manual editing process. Most of the state-of-the-art approaches try to solve the problem by training a classifier using the information extracted on the tv-like framing of players playing on the game pitch, learning to detect game actions which are labeled by human observers according to their perception of highlight. Obviously, this is a long and expensive work. In this paper, we reverse the paradigm: instead of looking at the gameplay, inferring what could be exciting for the audience, we directly analyze the audience behavior, which we assume is triggered by events happening during the game. We apply deep 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) to extract visual features from cropped video recordings of the supporters that are attending the event. Outputs of the crops belonging to the same frame are then accumulated to produce a value indicating the Highlight Likelihood (HL) which is then used to discriminate between positive (i.e. when a highlight occurs) and negative samples (i.e. standard play or time-outs). Experimental results on a public dataset of ice-hockey matches demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and promote further research in this new exciting direction.
Predictions of the mean and covariance matrix of summary statistics are critical for confronting cosmological theories with observations, not least for likelihood approximations and parameter inference. The price to pay for accurate estimates is the extreme cost of running $N$-body and hydrodynamics simulations. Approximate solvers, or surrogates, greatly reduce the computational cost but can introduce significant biases, for example in the non-linear regime of cosmic structure growth. We propose "CARPool Bayes", an approach to solve the inference problem for both the means and covariances using a combination of simulations and surrogates. Our framework allows incorporating prior information for the mean and covariance. We derive closed-form solutions for Maximum A Posteriori covariance estimates that are efficient Bayesian shrinkage estimators, guarantee positive semi-definiteness, and can optionally leverage analytical covariance approximations. We discuss choices of the prior and propose a simple procedure for obtaining optimal prior hyperparameter values with a small set of test simulations. We test our method by estimating the covariances of clustering statistics of GADGET-III $N$-body simulations at redshift $z=0.5$ using surrogates from a 100-1000$\times$ faster particle-mesh code. Taking the sample covariance from 15,000 simulations as the truth, and using an empirical Bayes prior with diagonal blocks, our estimator produces nearly identical Fisher matrix contours for $\Lambda$CDM parameters using only $15$ simulations of the non-linear dark matter power spectrum. In this case the number of simulations is so small that the sample covariance would be degenerate. We show cases where even with a na\"ive prior our method still improves the estimate. Our framework is applicable to a wide range of cosmological and astrophysical problems where fast surrogates are available.
The gravitational field of a static body with quadrupole moment is described by an exact solution found by Erez and Rosen. Here we investigate the role of the quadrupole in the motion, deflection and lensing of a light ray in the above metric. The standard lensing observables like image positions and magnification have been explicitly obtained in the weak field and small quadrupole limit. In this limit the spacetime metric appears as the natural generalization to quadrupole corrections of the metric form adopted also in current astrometric models. Hence, the corresponding analytical solution of the inverse ray tracing problem as well as the consistency with other approaches are also discussed.
The galactic habitable zone is defined as the region with sufficient abundance of heavy elements to form planetary systems in which Earth-like planets could be born and might be capable of sustaining life, after surviving to close supernova explosion events. Galactic chemical evolution models can be useful for studying the galactic habitable zones in different systems. We apply detailed chemical evolution models including radial gas flows to study the galactic habitable zones in our Galaxy and M31. We compare the results to the relative galactic habitable zones found with "classical" (independent ring) models, where no gas inflows were included. For both the Milky Way and Andromeda, the main effect of the gas radial inflows is to enhance the number of stars hosting a habitable planet with respect to the "classical" model results, in the region of maximum probability for this occurrence, relative to the classical model results. These results are obtained by taking into account the supernova destruction processes. In particular, we find that in the Milky Way the maximum number of stars hosting habitable planets is at 8 kpc from the Galactic center, and the model with radial flows predicts a number which is 38% larger than what predicted by the classical model. For Andromeda we find that the maximum number of stars with habitable planets is at 16 kpc from the center and that in the case of radial flows this number is larger by 10 % relative to the stars predicted by the classical model.
Using the path lattice cohomology we provide a conceptual topological characterization of the geometric genus for certain complex normal surface singularities with rational homology sphere links, which is uniformly valid for all superisolated and Newton non--degenerate hypersurface singularities.
The article reviews recent results for the low energy physics of fast tunneling centers in metallic environments. For strong enough couplings to the environment these tunneling centers display an orbital Kondo effect and give rise to a non-Fermi-liquid behavior. This latter property is explained by establishing a mapping of the tunneling center model to the multichannel Kondo model via the renormalization group transformation combined with a $1/N_f$ expansion. The case of M-state systems, the role of the splittings and the present experimental situation are also discussed.
Here we understand \textit{dimensional reduction} as a procedure to obtain an effective model in $D-1$ dimensions that is related to the original model in $D$ dimensions. To explore this concept we use both a self-interacting fermionic model and self-interacting bosonic model. Furthermore, in both cases, we consider different boundary conditions in space: periodic, antiperiodic, Dirichlet and Neumann. For bosonic fields, we get the so defined dimensional reduction. Taking the simple example of a quartic interaction, we obtain that the boundary condition (periodic, Dirichlet, Neumann) influence the new coupling of the reduced model. For fermionic fields, we get the curious result that the model obtained reducing from $D$ dimensions to $D-1$ dimensions is distinguishable from taking into account a fermionic field originally in $D-1$ dimensions. Moreover, when one considers antiperiodic boundary condition in space (both for bosons or fermions) it is found that the dimensional reduction is not allowed.
We describe how to obtain the gravity duals of semiclassical states in the D1-D5 CFT that are superdescendants of a class of RR ground states. On the gravity side, the configurations we construct are regular and asymptotically reproduce the 3-charge D1-D5-P black hole compactified on $S^1\times T^4$. The geometries depend trivially on the $T^4$ directions but non-trivially on the remaining 6D space. In the decoupling limit, they reduce to asymptotically AdS$_3 \times S^3 \times T^4$ spaces that are dual to CFT states obtained by acting with (exponentials of) the operators of the superconformal algebra. As explicit examples, we generalise the solution first constructed in arXiv:1306.1745 and discuss another class of states that have a more complicated dual geometry. By using the free orbifold description of the CFT we calculate the average values for momentum and the angular momenta of these configurations. Finally we compare the CFT results with those obtained in the bulk from the asymptotically $M^{1,4} \times S^1\times T^4$ region.
Some characteristics of the inverse Compton scattering (ICS) model are reviewed. At least the following properties of radio pulsars can be reproduced in the model: core or central emission beam, one or two hollow emission cones, different emission heights of these components, diverse pulse profiles at various frequencies, linear and circular polarization features of core and cones.
We show that the cohomology of the perfect cone (also called first Voronoi) toroidal compactification of the moduli space of complex principally polarized abelian varieties stabilizes, in close to the top degree. Moreover, we show that this stable cohomology is purely algebraic, and we compute it in degree up to 13. Our explicit computations and stabilization results apply in greater generality to various toroidal compactifications and partial compactifications, and in particular we show that the cohomology of the matroidal partial compactification stabilizes (in low degree). For degree up to 8, we describe explicitly the generators of the cohomology. We also discuss various approaches to computing all of the stable cohomology in arbitrary degree.
We study a variation of Mumford's quotient for the action of a maximal torus $T$ on a flag variety $G/B$ depending on projective embedding $G/B \hookrightarrow \Bbb P(V(\chi))$, where $T$-linearization is induced by the standard $G$-linearization. We describe the linear spans of the supports of semistable orbits, that allow us to calculate the rank of the Picard group of quotient $(G/B)^{ss}//T$, when $G$ does not contain simple factors of type $A_n$.
In fast forward quantum shortcuts to adiabaticity, a designed potential $U_{FF}(q,t)$ steers a wavefunction to evolve from the $n$'th eigenstate of an initial Hamiltonian $\hat H(0)$ to the $n$'th eigenstate of a final Hamiltonian $\hat H(\tau)$, in finite time $\tau$. Previously proposed strategies for constructing $U_{FF}$ are (in the absence of special symmetries) limited to the ground state, $n=0$. We develop a method that overcomes this limitation, thereby substantially expanding the applicability of this shortcut to adiabaticity, and we illustrate its effectiveness with numerical simulations. Semiclassical analysis provides insight and establishes a close correspondence with the analogous classical fast forward method.
We explore the performance of an updated effective-one-body (EOB) model for spin-aligned coalescing black hole binaries designed to deal with any orbital configuration. The model stems from previous work involving the \TEOBResumS{} waveform model, but incorporates recently computed analytical information up to fifth post-Newtonian (PN) order in the EOB potentials. The dynamics is then informed by Numerical Relativity (NR) quasi-circular simulations (incorporating also recently computed 4PN spin-spin and, optionally, 4.5PN spin-orbit terms). The so-constructed model(s) are then compared to various kind of NR simulations, covering either quasi-circular inspirals, eccentric inspirals and scattering configurations. For quasi-circular (534 datasets) and eccentric (28 datasets) inspirals up to coalescence, the EOB/NR unfaithfulness is well below $1\%$ except for a few outliers in the high, positive, spin corner of the parameter space, where however it does not exceed the $3\%$ level. The EOB values of the scattering angle are found to agree ($\lesssim 1\%$) with the NR predictions for most configurations, with the largest disagreement of only $\sim 4\%$ for the most relativistic one. The inclusion of some high-order analytical information in the orbital sector is useful to improve the EOB/NR agreement with respect to previous work, although the use of NR-informed functions is still crucial to accurately describe the strong-field dynamics and waveform.
Many unconventional quantum phases host special non-magnetic excitations such as photons and visons. We discuss two possible ways to detect these excitations experimentally. Firstly, spin-lattice coupling mixes the excitations with phonons. The phonon spectral function acquires new features that can be detected by neutron or X-ray scattering. Secondly, valence-bond fluctuations translate into charge density fluctuations on non-bipartite lattices. Such charge fluctuations can be characterized by conventional spectroscopies such as Terahertz spectroscopy. Observation of exotic singlet excitations would provide positive identification of unconventional quantum phases in frustrated antiferromagnets.
We present a new stellar dynamical mass measurement ($M_\mathrm{BH}$) of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in NGC 1453, a fast-rotating massive elliptical galaxy in the MASSIVE survey. We measure stellar kinematics in 135 spatial bins in the central 1.5 kpc by 2 kpc region of the galaxy using high signal-to-noise ($S/N \sim 130$) spectra from the Gemini-North GMOS integral-field spectrograph (IFS). Combining with wide-field IFS kinematics out to $\sim 3$ effective radii and stellar light distributions from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 images, we perform Schwarzschild orbit-based mass modeling in the axisymmetric limit to constrain the mass components in NGC 1453. The best-fit black hole mass is $M_\mathrm{BH} =(2.9 \pm 0.4) 10^9 M_\odot$; the mass models without a central black hole are excluded at the $8.7\sigma$ level. The NGC 1453 black hole lies within the intrinsic scatter of the SMBH and galaxy scaling relations, unlike three other galaxies hosting $\gtrsim 10^{10} M_\odot$ SMBHs in the MASSIVE sample. The high-$S/N$ GMOS spectra enable us to determine 8 moments of the Gauss-Hermite expansion of the line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs), which are used as constraints in the orbit modeling. The stellar orbits in the mass models are further constrained to produce negligible $h_9$ through $h_{12}$ to minimize spurious behavior in the LOSVDs. We show that truncating the series at $h_4$, as was often done in prior work, leads to a much weaker constraint on the inferred $M_\mathrm{BH}$ for NGC 1453. Furthermore, we discuss precautions and modifications that are needed to achieve axisymmetry in triaxial orbit codes that use the Schwarzschild method to sample the start space of stellar orbits in triaxial gravitational potentials.
In this paper we investigate whether conserved currents can be sensibly defined in supersymmetric minisuperspaces. Our analysis deals with k=1 FRW and Bianchi class--A models. Supermatter in the form of scalar supermultiplets is included in the former. Moreover, we restrict ourselves to the first-order differential equations derived from the Lorentz and supersymmetry constraints. The ``square-root'' structure of N=1 supergravity was our motivation to contemplate this interesting research. We show that conserved currents cannot be adequately established except for some very simple scenarios. Otherwise, conservation equations may only be obtained from Wheeler-DeWitt--like equations, which are derived from the supersymmetric algebra of constraints. Two appendices are included. In appendix A we describe some interesting features of quantum FRW cosmologies with complex scalar fields when supersymmetry is present. In particular, we explain how the Hartle-Hawking state can now be satisfactorily identified. In appendix B we initiate a discussion about the retrieval of classical properties from supersymmetric quantum cosmologies.
High-fidelity single-shot readout of spin qubits requires distinguishing states much faster than the T1 time of the spin state. One approach to improving readout fidelity and bandwidth (BW) is cryogenic amplification, where the signal from the qubit is amplified before noise sources are introduced and room-temperature amplifiers can operate at lower gain and higher BW. We compare the performance of two cryogenic amplification circuits: a current-biased heterojunction bipolar transistor circuit (CB-HBT), and an AC-coupled HBT circuit (AC-HBT). Both circuits are mounted on the mixing-chamber stage of a dilution refrigerator and are connected to silicon metal oxide semiconductor (Si-MOS) quantum dot devices on a printed circuit board (PCB). The power dissipated by the CB-HBT ranges from 0.1 to 1 {\mu}W whereas the power of the AC-HBT ranges from 1 to 20 {\mu}W. Referred to the input, the noise spectral density is low for both circuits, in the 15 to 30 fA/$\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ range. The charge sensitivity for the CB-HBT and AC-HBT is 330 {\mu}e/$\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$ and 400 {\mu}e/$\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$, respectively. For the single-shot readout performed, less than 10 {\mu}s is required for both circuits to achieve bit error rates below $10^{-3}$, which is a putative threshold for quantum error correction.
Let $X$, $D$ be a smooth projective surface and a simple normal crossing divisor on $X$, respectively. Suppose $\kappa (X, K_X + D)\ge 0$, let $C$ be an irreducible curve on $X$ whose support is not contained in $D$ and $\alpha$ a rational number in $ [ 0, 1 ]$. Following Miyaoka, we define an orbibundle $\mathcal{E}_\alpha$ as a suitable free subsheaf of log differentials on a Galois cover of $X$. Making use of $\mathcal{E}_\alpha$ we prove a Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau inequality for the couple $(X, D+\alpha C)$. Suppose moreover that $K_X+D$ is big and nef and $(K_X+D)^2 $ is greater than $e_{X\setminus D}$, namely the topological Euler number of the open surface $X\setminus D$. As a consequence of the inequality, by varying $\alpha$, we deduce a bound for $(K_X+D)\cdot C)$ by an explicit function of the invariants: $(K_X+D)^2$, $e_{X\setminus D}$ and $e_{C \setminus D} $, namely the topological Euler number of the normalization of $C$ minus the points in the set theoretic counterimage of $D$. We finally deduce that on such surfaces curves with $- e_{C\setminus D}$ bounded form a bounded family, in particular there are only a finite number of curves $C$ on $X$ such that $- e_{C\setminus D}\le 0$.
We present Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the radio source J1625+4134 at 22 and 15 GHz and analyze them in concurrence with other existing VLBI data on this source. The high resolution images at 15 and 22 GHz show a short and bending jet which has about $270\degr$ difference in position angle with the northern jet detected at lower frequencies. The new high resolution data, combined with the data available in the literature, allow us to estimate the spectral index of the components and identify one of the compact components as the VLBI core based on its flat spectrum between 5 and 22 GHz. Relative to this core component, the jet appears to be bi-directional. The proper motion measurement of the component C2 and the estimate of the Doppler boosting factor suggest that the orientation of the jet is close to the line of sight. The projection effect of an intrinsically sharply bending jet within a few mas from the core or the erratic change in the nozzle direction of the jet may account for the uncommon bi-directional structure of the jet in J1625+4134.
The Jahn-Teller effect used semi-theoretically to analyse UV-visible spectra of the diamond like-carbon films on Si substrates. By deconvolution of UV-visible absorption spectra of the typical films, different absorption lines found. For each sample, six lines which were related to $\V^\circ$ by Jahn-Teller effect are distinguished. Our theoretical approach based on distortion of the $\V^\circ$ as the consequence of the stress in the films, is in agreement with experimental results. The shift of the Jahn-Teller lines toward the zero phonon line of $\V^\circ$ were found in accordance to stress decrease in the films. The difference between room temperature and low temperature spectra is discussed. We found that the splitting of the excited state of $\V^\circ$ in the films under stress is twice as large as that of the ground state.
This is a short introduction to the study of compactifications of F-theory on elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds near colliding singularities. In particular we consider the case of non-transversal intersections of the singular fibers.
In this paper, we propose a way of synthesizing realistic images directly with natural language description, which has many useful applications, e.g. intelligent image manipulation. We attempt to accomplish such synthesis: given a source image and a target text description, our model synthesizes images to meet two requirements: 1) being realistic while matching the target text description; 2) maintaining other image features that are irrelevant to the text description. The model should be able to disentangle the semantic information from the two modalities (image and text), and generate new images from the combined semantics. To achieve this, we proposed an end-to-end neural architecture that leverages adversarial learning to automatically learn implicit loss functions, which are optimized to fulfill the aforementioned two requirements. We have evaluated our model by conducting experiments on Caltech-200 bird dataset and Oxford-102 flower dataset, and have demonstrated that our model is capable of synthesizing realistic images that match the given descriptions, while still maintain other features of original images.
Transfer reactions constitute a stringent test for nuclear supersymmetry, a theory that simultaneously describes neighboring nuclei with bosonic and fermionic character. We construct and analytically evaluate one-nucleon transfer matrix elements between supersymmetric partners with the U(6/4) case as an example, and stress the need for a careful treatment of bosonic and fermionic operators in the construction of mixed tensor operators.
In this paper, we study the 3D Lam\'e system and establish its weighted positive definiteness for a certain range of elastic constants. By modifying the general theory developed in Maz'ya (2002), we then show, under the assumption of weighted positive definiteness, that the divergence of the classical Wiener integral for a boundary point guarantees the continuity of solutions to the Lam\'e system at this point.
We propose that the poloidal field at the end of the last sunspot cycle before the Maunder minimum fell to a very low value due to fluctuations in the Babcock--Leighton process. With this assumption, a flux transport dynamo model is able to explain various aspects of the historical records of the Maunder minimum remarkably well on choosing the parameters of the model suitably to give the correct growth time.
Based on the scattering matrix approach, we systematically investigate the anharmonic effect of the pumped current in double-barrier structures with adiabatic time-modulation of two sinusoidal AC driven potential heights. The pumped current as a function of the phase difference between the two driven potentials looks like to be sinusoidal, but actually it contains sine functions of double and more phase difference. It is found that this kind of anharmonic effect of the pumped current is determined combinedly by the Be rry curvature and parameter variation loop trajectory. Therefore small ratio of the driving amplitude and the static amplitude is not necessary for harmonic pattern in the pumped current to dominate for smooth Berry curvature on the surface within the parameter variation loop.