ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The act of storing and retrieving data from the Internet is called cloud computing (Cloud Consulting, 2011). Cloud computing integrates several web infrastructure to support business applications. Cloud computing applications include IaaS, SaaS and PaaS. Platform as a service (PaaS) allows business administrators to implement, manage, and run various applications, using cloud infrastructure (Cloud Consulting, 2011). PaaS develops system integration with security, database, and management to improve performance. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of PaaS solutions PaaS solutions improve real-time positioning. Companies that use PaaS solution can manage server ratios to optimize capacity. PaaS solutions provide domain inspections and metering usage parameters. Consequently, PaaS solution reduces the cost of running different applications. Further advantages of PaaS solutions are listed below.  1. Eliminate IT costs: Using fewer server terminals to store and transfers data will decrease the cost of maintaining a database.  2. Eliminate complications: Complications are eliminated when few server terminals are installed. PaaS solutions provide a platform where fewer servers are used to operate the company’s data.  3. Improve performance: PaaS solutions deploy cloud infrastructure to share services across server locations. Thus, fewer servers will improve the time of computation.  4. PaaS Improves IT agility.  5. Components of the PaaS solutions are service platforms. For example, message-as-a service, development-as-a-service, computing-as-a-service, and integration-as-a-service.  6. PaaS solutions are used to develop web applications on the Internet.  7. PaaS solutions support service provisioning.  8. PaaS solution can be combined to develop and host cloud applications using similar infrastructure.  9. The operational cost of maintaining server infrastructure is low. 10. System upgrade is functional with PaaS solutions. 11. The development of cloud application can be improved using PaaS infrastructure. 12. PaaS framework reduces the number of services personnel. The service saves time and cost. 13. PaaS package increases the mobility and efficiency of employees. 14. PaaS solution has a simple mainframe, thus, improving employee’s competence and specialization. Disadvantages of PaaS solutions  1. PaaS solutions are not flexible and reliable.  2. The creation and elimination of virtual drivers and machines is a challenge for PaaS clients.  3. PaaS application requires an integrated testing platform before use.  4. PaaS package can be easily damaged.  5. Data security is not guaranteed: PaaS infrastructure is fragile and requires better privacy controls and security.  6. Customers status: PaaS solutions have fewer clients, thus, reducing the number of developers.  7. Compatibility problems: PaaS applications are not compatible with many integrated applicat
In the present article “What theory is not, theorizing is”, the author intends to describe what distinguishes theory from theorizing (Weick, 1995). In this context, criticizing unconnected references is one of the most remarkable ideas because citing other researchers’ works is an indispensable part of formulating theories. What makes the paragraph useful and enlightening is the fact that it sheds light on the significance of proper references for researchers, reviewers, and editors and singles out the typical mistakes. Weick addresses the lesser-known aspect of quoting: ceremonial citations that do not bring any sense to appear frequently. The author makes readers ponder about what requirements a researcher is expected to meet and what is important to create a theory. Those who carry out researches regularly will find this paragraph and the whole article useful since they may help enhance the quality of their works. This paragraph is also recommended to research beginners who might be obsessed with formal standards and fail to make their work concise and pertinent. Another issue touches upon reviewers who tend to introduce more references as substitutes for theory: sometimes there is no ground why a certain reference is needed (Weick, 1995). The paragraph proves that recommendations contents are equally important as the theory suggested. Thus, reviewers are also reminded that every reference prescribed should be compatible. Finally, the author tells about the editors’ and reviewers’ attitudes towards reference overuse. As a rule, they are not tolerant of the material that takes much space. This information may also guide researchers and help them set their priorities when they write their papers. Overall, the present paragraph is helpful: researchers and reviewers have a chance to improve the quality of their works. Experienced specialists refresh their memory about reference requirements. Younger professionals obtain a valuable piece of advice.
Introduction The topic about the connection between students’ GPA and their intelligence levels has sparked a heated debate among scholars. On one side of the divide, some scholars argue that GPA is a good measure of intelligence (Hunt, 2010). The supporters of the view argue that GPA reflects a person’s ability to read and understand an academic work. Given that intelligence means the possession of the ability to read, understand, and apply the knowledge to solve issues, one must be intelligent enough to pass an exam. In this regard, only the intelligent people have the ability to pass exams. This claim implies that GPA is a perfect measure of intelligence. However, other scholars dispute the view by citing that exam malpractices may compromise the accuracy of the GPA. Skeptics of the view also cite that students study to pass in exams, implying that they must not be intelligent to excel in the said test. Therefore, although GPA may be regarded as an excellent measure of intelligence, this paper argues otherwise and that employers should not use it to make hiring decisions. To achieve the objective, the paper analyzes three arguments supporting the idea that GPA is not a good tool for assessing intelligence. Additionally, the paper summarizes two arguments, which justify the use of GPA to measure intelligence. Arguments to Dispute the Use of GPA to Measure Intelligence In as much as GPA is perceived as a gauge for cleverness, it does not accurately measure one’s capability. The view is informed by the fact that students are informed in advance about an upcoming exam, a plan that gives them enough time to study. In most cases, students are under intense pressure from parents to achieve high GPAs. This situation compels them to study hard to achieve the stated objective. At times, students cram a few days to the exam period to achieve high grades. A student who only memorizes class contents to pass a test cannot be regarded as intelligent (Muammar, 2011). Additionally, the current education system does not fully prevent cheating in exams. Numerous cases of exam cheating have been reported in the past. This observation raises the question of the reliability of GPAs. The problem is associated with the lack of stringent legislations to prevent exam cheating. Additionally, the emergence of private schools has contributed greatly to exam cheating since schools tend to achieve high average GPAs to attract more customers. The complexity of fighting exam cheating is compounded by the fact that some corrupt officials collude with school heads to enable students to cheat in exams. In colleges too, students bribe their lecturers to be awarded high marks. Such malpractices cause them to pass their exams, irrespective of their levels of intelligence. Therefore, employers who rely on GPAs to recruit their employees may end up hiring the wrong persons. Apart from the argument about exam malpractices, opponents of the use of GPA to measure intelligence also rely on the assumption that majority of succes
Introduction The efficient control of information between fire service organizations and public enables individuals to gain exposure concerning fire and emergency management plans. In other words, fire service organizations use public relations to persuade and inform communities and other stakeholders about fire and emergency management plans. In order to inform the public concerning handling fire emergencies, fire departments utilize various communication channels including conferences, press and print media. The channels are also used to communicate vital fire related services information to the public (Birr, 1999). In addition, fire services departments utilize publicity events, newsletters, blogs and press kits as well as the video and audio news to communicate fire emergency preparedness to the public. Most importantly, the public need to be informed in advance on fire management, which encompasses prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. In essence, the fire emergency management forms a cycle of interconnected phases regarding the control of fire (Birr, 1999). In reality, the efficiency of fire management depends on continuous public updates by fire service departments through the application of various communication channels including visual and audio news communiqué conduits. In fact, the availability of efficient public relations tools enables fire services departments to improve fire and emergency management. Fire prevention and mitigation The prevention and elimination of fire occurrences involve the utilization of Fire Station Alerting Technology (FSAT). Through the technology, the response time to the emergency is reduced leading to timely prevention of fire disaster. In essence, the FSAT communication expertise alerts fire fighters when required for action. In addition, with the presence of web expertise, fire departments are capable of tactically maintaining the public relations and carrying out tasks through the exploitation of audience-directed communication approaches concerning fire management programs. Periodicals, public education handouts and the mass media are channels that are highly accessible to millions of residents (Antonellis, 2012). Therefore, fire service departments employ such means to provide information to the public and stakeholders concerning fire disasters management and prevention. Further, through information management departments, the fire service departments are capable of developing websites that aid in the provision of essential information on fire prevention and mitigation. Emergency preparedness During firebreaks, numbers of victims saved depend on the plans and procedures put in place to reduce the losses. In other words, the level of emergency preparedness is enhanced through planning and training. In reality, training and planning are important in the enhancement of most reactions in the event fire outbreaks. In addition, public responses to fire emergencies also determine the number of victims that can be saved. As s
JIT Practices and the Related Activities: Analysis The concept of Just-in-Time is a comparatively recent addition to the array of manufacturing strategies that are supposed to help reduce the waste levels in the organization, at the same time improving the product quality and contributing to a rapid increase in the customer satisfaction levels (Azevedo 2013). By definition, the subject matter implies that the use of the resources available to the organization should be rationalized by using only the items that are required for the production process and avoiding waste by reducing inventory costs. JIT includes the concepts such as the lead time, the decoupling point, the process selection, the process flow design, and the facility layout (Kuljanic 2015). Although the framework is very efficient in improving operational processes, it needs to be coupled with a powerful forecasting tool and a good leadership strategy to maintain customer and employee satisfaction rates high. The use of standardization as the means of reducing time spent on the production processes is typically viewed as a sensible decision to make in the context of the modern manufacturing environment. However, the identified choice may come at a price. The framework admittedly offers a plethora of opportunities, such as the chance for reducing the number of errors and, therefore, an opportunity for bringing down the percentage of defects. Nevertheless, the choice of standardization as the means of enhancing the success of JIT may come at the price of losing the uniqueness of the company’s brand product. In addition, the promotion of the identified framework will contribute to the firm’s vulnerability to trade barriers (Bamford and Forrester 2010). Therefore, the adoption of the standardization technique should be taken with a speck of salt (Green et al. 2013). The Lean Manufacturing principle, in its turn, also has its benefits and disadvantages. As far as the opportunities of LM are concerned, it allows for a rational and efficient use of the available resources. As a result, a significant reduction in waste rates is expected along with a drop in the company’s costs. Finally, the monitoring process becomes considerably easier. However, the approach also has its problems. For instance, the employees are likely to be unwilling to adopt lean techniques since they imply that each of the staff members must show their best performance. Furthermore, the correlation between the production rates and the demand needs to be monitored consistently (Yasin, Small and Wafa 2009). Therefore, in order to incorporate the main principles of lean thinking into the supply chain, one will have to take account of the internal and external factors, such as the motivation levels of the employees and the te
What is the distribution channel? What is the relationship between channels of distribution and logistics? How does geographical location affect your selection of distribution channels? A distribution channel involves firms and a group of people who are responsible for transferring a product from manufacturers to consumers, or buyers. A distribution channel includes producers, buyers, and intermediaries, such as wholesalers and retailers. The main purpose of a distribution channel is to meet the needs and concerns of the target customers, as well as the objectives of different parties concerned (Kapoor and Kansal, 2004, p. 28). While considering the movement of products from the point of production of goods to the potential consumers, it is purposeful to refer to the role of physical distribution, which is closely associated with logistics. In common terms, logistics involves the flow of materials, from acquiring the raw materials for manufacture, buying component parts to distributing the final product to the potential buyers. At this point, logistics encompasses two key operations – material management and distribution management (Kapoor and Kansal, 2004). Judging from the above-presented definitions, the distribution channel is more premised on marketing strategies of allocating goods in terms of market segmentation and demand whereas logistics ensures efficient distributions and guarantees on-time delivery of goods. Geographical location plays a pivotal role in product distribution and promotion. Due to the growing trend of industrial decentralization with regard to the location sites, the manufacturers are concerned with the effective physical distribution operations to meet the needs of companies and customers (Kapoor and Kansal, 2004, 15). Hence, distribution management can improve transportation, private and public warehouse, and market area analysis. What are the similarities and differences between promotional push strategies and promotional pull strategies? Examples of push and pull strategies Companies make use of push and pull promotional strategies to create consumer demand for a specific product. Hence, a push promotional strategy implies using the company’s trade tradition and force sales to increase the customer’s demand. In contrast, a pull promotional strategy relies on advertising and promotion to increase consumer demand (Armstrong et al., 2009). The main similarity between the two strategies lies in their goal to increase customer demand. The difference lies in the means by which the promotion is carried out. One of the relevant examples of push promotion is selling mobile phones by Nokia manufactures. The producers promote phones through retailers’ Warehouse. In this respect, trade promotion and personal selling are successful promotional tools because they can offer subsidies and encourage retailers to promote higher volumes of phones (Armstrong et al., 2009). The main peculiarity of a push promot
Introduction Rudyard Kipling’s chef-d’oeuvre novel, “Kim”, traces the life of an Irish orphan, Kim, who lives a near vagabond existence in the streets of India during the time of the conflict between the British and Russian empires for power and influence in Asia. The conflict, involving massive espionage activities and intensive spying from both British and Russian camps, is known as the Great Game in the novel. Plot Kim begins with the introduction of the main character, Kimball “Kim” O’Hara, a thirteen-year-old Irish orphan who blends easily with the natives of India. Kim survives by doing odd jobs that he is assigned, and when the going gets to tough, he is forced to beg for food and money. However, despite his young age, Kim easily mixes with people of all cultures and ages. He is comfortable conversing with his elderly guardian Mahbub Ali, as he is his young friend Abdullah (Kipling Chapt. 1, Para. 11). In the streets, Kim is known as ‘Friend of All the World’ due to his unique ability of fostering friendships with people of all cultures, gender and age (Kipling Chapt. 1, Para 21). He is also known for his sharp tongue, wit and sense of humor. One day, Kim encounters an aged Tibetan monk on a mission of achieving enlightenment, and befriends him. When Kim learns that the monk, Teshoo Lama, had lost his disciple and is now forced to travel alone despite his advanced age, he decides to become Teshoo Lama’s disciple (Kipling Chapt. 1, Para. 48). Kim informs his guardian of his intentions, and Mahbub Ali grants him permission, but first hands him some documents, which he tells Kim to deliver to an English colleague in the town of Umballa. Thus, begins the epic and adventurous journey of the young Kim, who, in the quest of finding enlightenment with the Buddhist Lama, encounters both friends and foe, learns more about life and living, grows, discovers himself and more about his father, and finally decides on the path his life will take under the guiding hand of Teshoo Lama. Levels of Thematic Expression in the Novel Theme of Personal Growth and Development The novel Kim has two levels thematic of expression. At the basic level, the novel is about a young orphan who struggles to overcome his poor condition in search of a better life and fulfillment. Kim’s daily struggles in his life depict the intensity of poverty and its effect on people, especially young orphaned children. Kim is sometimes forced to beg for food in order to survive. However, Kim’s status is not unique, the poverty levels in the Indian streets where he lives are quite high, and most of the people Kim lives and interacts with suffer a similar fate (Kipling Chapt. 1, Para. 22). Indeed, the caste system in India as depicted in the novel sees Kim living amongst people in the lowest caste, who are also the poorest. During his journey with the monk in search of the mysterious and elusive “River of the Arrow” that is meant to signify enli
Introduction The global financial crisis (GFC) is among the extreme events in financial and economic history. It was the nastiest GFC that the global fraternity has ever observed. This is with exception of the 1930’s Great Depression. GFC is observed to have originated from many causes. The most essential is the crisis in the sub-prime mortgage. The U.S. sub-prime mortgage market is perceived to have stimulated the financial meltdown. However, the root of the crisis resulted from inconsistent practices. The unstable financial system was also a contributing factor. Actually, both the real sector and financial roots of the sub-prime mortgage meltdown could have been prevented. Topic sentence 1 The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) should constantly inquire and monitor the creditworthiness of borrowers and avoid overlooking the risk thresholds. First, buyers took mortgages from financial organizations to acquire houses. They projected a drop in the prices that would again rise to enable them to operate at a higher profit margin. Consequently, the U.S. sub-prime mortgage sector gave loans to individuals with declining credit. The sector also gave loans to those deprived of cash for a down payment. This created insufficiency in the financial organizations’ reserves. The move lead to inflation as well as the final entry of the sub-prime mortgage crisis. Second, the financial institutions consistently invested in commercial real estate despite the prevailing recession and the inability of Americans to settle their mortgages. The individual risk boundary established by the risk managers was violated through the breach of thirty real estate dealings. However, SEC overlooked the banks’ management ignorance of the risk limits. Topic sentence 2 The government should have promptly intervened and regulated the mortgage market using policy measures to prevent the sub-prime mortgage meltdown. First, the build-up to the crisis emerged from deprived government mediation. The government was unconcerned about the way financial organizations carried out their corporate activities. Preceding the watershed, free markets appeared to be lucrative compared to the regulated businesses. The result was the deregulation of the financial sector. Banks had a margin for innovation and the introduction of new loan techniques without pursuing the approval of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). Second, the deregulatory policies including the government-supported mortgage-securitization resulted in an escalation in the loose low-income house debts. The financial organizations gave home loans easily to homeowners. However, there was a limited check on borrower qualification. From the unregulated systems, loans resulted to be bad debts to the real estate that failed to control their capital accounts. Topic Sentence 3 The economic and financial policies should not have been based on the outdated principles of commercial theories namely, the cumulative demand and interest r