ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Chocolatey Project Hot n Sweet Company is considering the introduction of new product (Chocolatey) in the market to augment an already existing product (Choco). The company has an expenditure budget of $2 Million and a limited factory space of 2500 sq ft. this space is more than enough to go ahead with the project. The company wanted to lease this part of company space at $150000 per year if the project had not come about. However, the new product is supposed to contribute towards paying rent for the factory space, which is estimated at $140000 per year. The company has also use $190000 to renovate the space where the product will be produced. The equipment for the project would cost £1.9 million, including shipping and installation. The equipment would have no residual value at the end of the planned project period of 5 years, and would have to be completely replaced if the company wants to continue the project thereafter. Average level of working capital investment required to be carried in any year would need to be roughly equal to 10% of the year’s estimated revenue. This project , it is expected, is going to take away sales from “Choco”, on which Hot n Sweet Company presently earn a contribution of £12 a unit. About 35,000 units per annum because of introducing “Chocolatey” would reduce sales of “Choco”. The company estimates a demand of 110,000 units in the first year, increasing at an average growth rate of 7% per year for the duration of the project at a selling price fixed at $38 per unit. The company estimates that the cash operating cost – that is, the operating cost before charging depreciation – would amount to about 42% of the selling price. In addition, the company would apportion administrative costs of £250,000 per annum, extra sales promotion expenses of £250,000 a year, and interest charges of £120,000 on the loan needed to finance the project. All of the revenues and costs that we have estimated are at today’s prices. The tax authorities allow the company to charge straight-line depreciation over the life of the project, i.e. 5 years. The administrative costs do not include the salary of the supervisor who would be shifting an existing supervisor from “Choco” to “Chocolatey” . The supervisor was due to take his pension of £35,000 per year and retire but agreed to stay on for the duration of the project at his existing salary of £55,000 per annum. It is expected that the current tax rate of 30% would continue for the duration of the project. The company’s after-tax weighted average cost of capital is 16%, and is not expected to change because of the project. On the other hand, the company analyst prefer my alternative proposal for capital investment of £2 million for additional production of “Choco” for the Asian and Far Eastern market at the existing price of £50 a unit (Fayweather & Kapoor, 1976). This
Thinking about the self as social means understanding ourselves from the descriptions and perceptions of other people. When we approach the self this way, we miss other crucial aspects of the self which include the spiritual self, the material self and the pure ego. Thinking about the self as social can give a wrong impression of ourselves and in some cases; it may make us fail to understand our ourselves correctly.The social self is just one aspect of the self and it is therefore wrong to conceptualize the self just as social because such a conceptualization would imply that the other aspects of the self are not important, which is very wrong. This paper discusses the four aspects of the self named above and how they relate to each other as discussed in the reading materials provided. The concept of self has been defined differently by different scholars of philosophy and psychology. One of the scholars who have attempted to define the concept is the renowned Philosopher William James. He published many books on various topics like psychology of religious experience, educational psychology and the philosophy of pragmatism (James 23). According to him, the self comprises of four components namely the material self, the social self, the spiritual self and the pure ego. The material, the social and the spiritual selves largely reflect what is referred to as ‘me’ while the pure ego reflects the ‘I’. He argued that the material, the social and the spiritual selves can be studied and verified empirically through research but considered pure ego as abstract and therefore difficult to study empirically (James 28). James argued that the material self constitutes our bodies, family members, our possessions and our wealth. material self thus constitutes what can be seen physically but excludes those family members who are deceased because once people die; they are no longer physically present to be experienced by their living family members. The spiritual self comprises basically our belief system. It has to do with our spiritual convictions and what motivates us to believe in one belie
Inclusion can help children develop a friendship. A school is an important place for children to develop friendship and learn social skills. “Friendships between peers with and without disabilities can result in additional beneficial outcomes that include a greater understanding and appreciation of individual differences by the typical peers, development of age-appropriate social behaviors by peers with exceptionalities, and expanded friendship networks as well as improved quality of life for both participants” (Craig-Unkefer, n.d., par. 3). The recommended practice could be improved by using community-building activities that enable students to get to know each other. Examples of community-building activities may include playing cooperative games, interviewing and introducing a classmate, and completing a group project to produce an art piece such as a class mural. For instance, the game inviting students to guess the contents of a sack can be played during the lesson. Each student will bring five objects that say something about themselves. The students will show their objects and explain why they are important to them. Inclusive classrooms have more teachers; thus, children receive more support in the course of classroom activities. “The general education teacher and special education teacher often work together to teach and manage the class. This arrangement is often called collaborative team teaching” (Rosen, n.d., para. 8) It’s easier for children to ask help. Although there are students that do not have any disabilities in the group, they still can get professional suggestions from both of teachers. As collaborative teachers, they are able to give more attention to each student, which may happen in small groups or in one-on-one activities. They can also come up with alternate ways to teach material that can enable children to adopt a more specific approach to solving their problems ( Peer relationships , n.d.). Students without disabilities can also get an academic benefit in an inclusive classroom. In a meta-analysis conducted by Kalambouka, Farrell, and Dyson (2007), 81% of the outcomes reported showed that the adoption of the approach also resulted in either positive or neutral effects on students without disabilities. Students without disabilities may make significantly greater progress in reading and math in inclusive settings, which can help them build confidence for studying. A student with disabilities could spend a greater amount of time to engage in academic activities in an inclusive classroom. Katz and Mirenda (1998) examined the instructional contexts provided for students with moderate, severe, and profound developmental disabilities in general education classrooms and their effect on engaged behavior (Katz & Mirenda, 1998). Inclusion is favorable for students without disabilities since it creates an authentic learning environment. These children will someday become a part of society, and they will work in a community. In their communities, they have to
The Canadian labor movement has been defensive, confronting significant difficulties to their authenticity, role, and viability within the working environment (Brookes, 2013). Unionism has been challenging globally and Canada’s labor union is not an exception (Brookes & McCallum, 2017). The history of labor movements has not been diplomatic in Canada. The eighteen to nineteen century was marked by repression, strikes, depression, and layoffs. Today, labor unions use structures laid out by their predecessors. Strikes, which signify the height of most labor demands, follow a sequence of denial, suffering, and collective bargaining. In some events, collective barging was accepted as a last resort to establish a truce between union members and the government (Fichter & McCallum, 2015). The Canadian labor movement is a huge monetary and social power (Fichter & McCallum, 2015). One of every four workers is a member of a registered trade union in Canada, with participation, equally divided between male and female employees. The Canadian labor movement is judged to have been effective and successful in adapting to monetary and social changes, which have influenced union movements in industrialized nations. Canadian labor unions remain a critical force in the labor struggle and have been occupied with a continuous procedure of reestablishment and internal change to sustain its relevance. Toronto labor unions have a history of enhancing laborers’ regular daily existences. The benefits today are direct results of dedication and perseverance among union groups in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This paper examines two labor movement plaques and their significance in the emancipation of labor employees in Canada. Civilization came with its price in most developed nations, with labor unions being a decisive catalyst for better welfare. The paper describes the site location, historical significance, and results of the labor movement in Toronto. Thus, the history of the labor movement in Canada can be described using the Labor Lyceum and the Printers Strike of 1872. The Labor
The human resources department of Hancock manufacturing has realized some employment opportunities so as to improve the overall productivity of the organization. The mandate of this department is to recruit young graduates who are fresh from the university, who are energetic, and who can develop their careers within the company. During the recruitment, the human resources department looks for competent candidates who are equal to all challenges, goal-oriented individuals, ambitious, and initiative persons, who can work with the rest of the organization’s team to achieve the set objectives of the organization. Training of the qualified candidates is done by this department to ensure the new employees are fully equipped with the knowledge to execute their roles and objectives of the organization. The main reason for this department planning to recruit is due to several changes in the company such as technological changes. Due to the advancement of technology, this department requires some employees who can successfully handle new and modern machines. Both computerization and digitalization have resulted in the advancement of communication systems and the generation of new services within the organization. The combination of technological changes and the employment of new advanced employees will lead to the organization acquiring synergy in the current advancement of technology. Another major change in the human resource department that has resulted in a dire need for employees is diversity. For any human resource management to be considered effective should be diversified. The diversification changes in this department involve special operational tools, making use of different approaches to solving challenges, and different types of employees with different levels of knowledge and skills among others. Effective human resource management brings together employees of different races, age
Three Ethical and Legal Breaches The case in question entails at least three legal breaches, which can also be regarded as three ethical problems. One of the breaches is provision of distorted data. Thus, Secretary Swinson revealed a huge surplus in budget even though there was a considerable deficit. The employee deliberately revealed distorted data to hide poor results of his performance and create a positive image of himself. The second breach is the theft as $1500 was missing. Even though there is some evidence that proves Arnold’s guilt, this breach could be committed by the Secretary Swinson who also could access the money. The third breach was misconduct of the majority of employees who violated the rules, i.e. were late for work, used computers for personal use, and purchased expensive furniture for the office. Notably, lots of public administration theorists considered issues similar to the events depicted above. To clean up the breaches mentioned above, it is possible to employ approaches of such theorists as Woodrow Wilson, Jane Addams and Frederick Taylor. Thus, Wilson stressed the importance of seeing public administration as an organization (Shafritz & Hyde, 2012). Admittedly, revealing inappropriate data is likely to lead to huge losses in any company. At that, the mistakes are found rather easily in organizations as a number of employees have access to the data. Hence, public administrators should understand that their actions can lead to their organization’s ‘bankruptcy’ and their unemployment. This approach can make the Secretary Swinson (and other public administrators) come up with effective ways to address issues rather than try to make everything seem fine and distort data. Hence, the first step to clean up the breech is to make each employee financially responsible for the efficient work of their department. The theft is a serious breach which needs specific measures. Addams claimed that public administration should be based on the principles of community (Shafritz & Hyde, 2012). Clearly, the money is likely to be taken by one of the employees. The employees do not feel a part of community and this, in part, led to the theft. Therefore, it is important to launch a series of team-building training courses. It is also crucial to develop a strong culture and make employees share the principles developed. Addams noted that public administrators could work hard when they understood they were a part of the community (Shafritz & Hyde, 2012). Public administrators should understand that a misconduct (and especially such a serious breach as theft) committed by one of them will negatively affect the rest
Robert Frost and Elizabeth Bishop are two of the most famous poets of the twentieth century. Their poems are rich in small details and deeply layered meaning. By contrasting and comparing the use of irony, imagery, and symbolism in Frost’s poem “Unharvested” and Bishop’s poem “The Fish,” we can gain a greater appreciation for both of these poems and the poets as well. We can being by comparing the use of irony in each poem. “The Fish” is comprised mostly of descriptions of the fish that the speaker of the poem caught. It is described as a “tremendous” (1) fish which had seemingly gotten away from many other people who had attempted to catch it: “that from his lower lip/–if you could call it a lip/grim, wet, and weaponlike,/hung five old pieces of fish-line” (49-52). After catching such an extraordinary fish, the speaker does the unexpected and lets the fish go without an explicit explanation. It is obvious that the speaker respects the fish and feels that it would be a shame to kill such a marvelous creature. The irony is that most people who would have caught such a fish would never have simply let it go. In “Unharvested,” Frost creates irony by describing a scene in which apples from a tree go unharvested, creating an aroma which is quite rich, and then stating that other things should go unharvested so that we can enjoy them in similarly unspoiled ways. We usually think of apples which have gone unharvested as wasted, but here the speaker of the poem is implying that it was only because they were unharvested that they could be enjoyed as thoroughly as they were. Bishop’s poem is almost entirely imagery of the fish itself, whereas Frost’s poem takes more time to set the scene the poem takes place in. The fish is described by Bishop as having “brown skin hung in strips/like ancient wallpaper,/ and its pattern of darker brown/was like wallpaper” (10-13). We are to appreciate the great beauty of the fish so that it would seem obvious that the speaker of the poem would prefer to preserve this fish by allowing it to live. There is one main image in Frost’s poem: “As complete as the apple had given man. /The ground was one circle of solid red”(9-10). The poem mostly relies on smell for portraying the scene, and as such Frost relies much less on visual imagery in this poem. These poems rely on appealing to different senses, especially when considering that the fish of Bishop’s poem probably would not be appealing to smell. Both the fish of the poem and the
Introduction Law enforcement agencies swear to stand for public security’s defense. However, the effects of budget shortening on such agencies and individual police officers are detrimental to the point of non-efficiency. The present work is aimed at exploring the effects of budget cuts on law enforcement. It outlines such aspects of law enforcement functioning as staffing, services, equipment, officers’ stress, the importance of patrolling, and technology to ensure the community’s safety. Budgeting and law enforcement Since the 2008 crisis, the tension of making a dead budget account for the growing expenditures was felt by the nation. The recession has drastically affected the private citizens’ being and the operation of public services and the government. The impact on the law enforcement sector was the most tangible, and the challenges that the legal sector has to face have not dissolved even by now. Law enforcement has to face the sad reality of an unsteady economy. Before the crisis, the industry of law enforcement experienced steady growth, job creation, and regular funding. After the housing markets fell and the federal debts increased dramatically, both federal and local agencies felt the impact. There were many things the government could not afford which was why the budgets were cut for up to 10% ( The Impact of the Economic Downturn on American Police Agencies, 2016). The study by the Department of Justice revealed there were three main areas that the agencies were forced to cut back on so that their expenditures and their budget could be more or less consistent: the staffing, the services, and the equipment. Staffing The issues related to staffing do not solely concern job layoffs. They mostly relate to the costs of the personnel’s wages, insurance, and pension (which accounts for as much as 90% of departmental budget, in some cases). The cuts in these items of expense go in line with the shortage of the staff: the year 2011 has seen an unprecedented layoff wave of about 12,000 officers all over the country ( The Impact of the Economic Downturn on American Police Agencies, 2016). While the costs of training police personnel may vary from state to state, on average, the 18-week program approximately costs the government $27,790 (The Columbian, 2013). However, it is crucial to remember that the value of having immaculately trained officers in a department has no price. The decrease in staff is considered to be the factor directly affecting the training budget. With fewer police officers on patrol, fewer traffic tickets are issued – the very instance that the training budget comes from. The consequence is that the states cannot raise the funds for training, which was the situation faced by the state of Michigan and some other states. There was a drop in the number of sworn officers from 22,488 in 2001 to 18,522 by 2015 (Associated Press, 2015). As a result, the states cannot find the money to train police officers, which puts the law enforcement personnel and the co
Introduction Etihad Airways is a transportation company and the second-largest airline in the UAE. This organization was established in 2003 in Abu Dhabi. The airline utilizes various types of aircraft and consists of four different entities, including Etihad Airways, Etihad Airways Engineering, Etihad Flight Academy, and Etihad Airport Services Group. The company prides itself on the quality of the provided services and hospitality. Moreover, one of the core values of the company is its determination to create a sustainable system that will minimize the impact of the company’s operations on the environment. Therefore, environmental management has a significant role in the company as it regulates such issues as fossil fuel dependence, the use of alternative energy sources, the sustainability of resources, and waste management. The position of the environmental analyst in this situation is of particular importance as this professional takes on the responsibility for determining the best ways to conserve the environment and creating a plan for the airline to follow. Brief Description of the Position The role of the environmental analyst in training is to learn about different approaches to environmental sustainability and understand the ways of resolving various environmental issues. The specifications of analysis and data assessment in this field should also be studied. Environmental analysts investigate the connections between human health, the company’s environmental impact, and the effects of climate change. The environmental manager is concerned with various problems that may arise in the business. For example, fuel dependency on aircraft and the impact of high fuel consumption on the soil and water resources of the planet. Research of alternative biofuel production and utilization and its consequences for the environment is another area of importance that exists in environmental management. Other issues may include resource consumption rates, non-recyclable materials essential to the industry, and possible ways of reducing pollution. Environmental Issue The environmental issue investigated in this paper is the problem of waste management in Etihad Airways. The annual reports of this organization s