ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary The fight for self-rule and sovereignty among the aboriginals in Canada has been going on for several years. The fight originated from the experience and perceptions of social, economic, and political discrimination and marginalization among the indigenous groups in Canada. These experiences comprised of conceptions that the federal government discriminates against the aboriginals in delivery of services and focused on the foreigners. This discrimination led to underdevelopment in various parts of Canada inhabited by indigenous communities. As a result, the natives suffered in abject poverty because they were unable to access mainstream privileges in social, economic, and political circles. In addition, diseases like tuberculosis and malaria are prevalent in these regions. Due to these experiences, movements like the Brotherhood Movement and International Association of Alberta (IAA) emerged with the intention of fighting for the rights of the marginalized natives in Canadian. Introduction Canada is a country in North America, which hosts diverse races from various parts of the world. Over the years, the aboriginal populations have engaged in wars, demonstrations, and political negotiations with the foreign settlers, who are their past colonizers, on matters regarding sovereignty, self-rule, and independence. Aboriginal ethnicities of Canada have often used civil rights groups and treaties to fight for their freedom and sovereignty (Ladner 231). The fight for freedom and the improvement of living standards has not yielded much development, as per the expectations of the aboriginal populations. Therefore, the paper analyzes the experiences and achievements of the Indian Association of Alberta (IAA), a civil movement in Canada, by focusing on self-rule, good governance, sovereignty, economic rights, and improvement of living standards. Self-rule Members of the native communities in Canada believed that the federal republic of Canada exercised poor leadership and had institutionalized discrimination. Therefore, the indigenous communities were compelled to develop movements like the IAA, which advocated for their rights. The main purpose for creating the IAA was to pass their grievances to the federal republic of Canada concerning their experiences of marginalization. According to Sunseri the natives felt that the state had neglected and left them to suffer on their own, and thus, they started fighting for self-rule and leadership (92). The need for self-rule emerged because the indigenous Indian communities wanted to undertake their developments and improve the state of their communities. The movement encountered several challenges because the government exhibited unwillingness and reluctance to empower the natives. Furthermore, the government imposed very strict penalties on civil leaders because they agitate people
The Case of Rosenstrasse Resisting the Nazis was the main theme of this case. One of the strengths of the Nazis was their military capability that had shaken several parts of Europe. However, a force more powerful was experienced when in February 1943, spouses of incarcerated Jews took to the streets to ensure that their spouses were set free. It started as a force of 150 women and eventually amounted to thousands and thousands include some pure Germans who had no Jewish spouses. All this was triggered by the Nazis’ decision to ensure that Germany was Judenfrei (free from Jews). The final round-up was being done to ensure that those Jewish people who had survived the onslaught for two months based on the fact that they were married to Germans were cleared. These included Jewish spouses and children born between Germany and Jewish parents (Ackerman, Peter and Jack Duvall 48). As Charlotte Israel puts it, she arrived at Rosenstrasse in Berlin on the first day of the demonstration and found 150 women. The number swelled to 600 on the second day. Fearing jeopardy on the state of secrecy in the cleansing of the Jews, vocal demonstrations in Berlin, which was a cosmopolitan city that housed several media outlets would have detrimental repercussions. Besides, the Nazis wanted to ensure that they maintained their image as ‘protectors of women.’ Opening fire on these women could mean that they sacrifice their identity. After one week, Joseph Goebbels was forced to release the prisoners. 35 men were released from concentration camps. This was done to ensure that social order was maintained. The Nazis preferred having the society to cleanse it of the Jews. Apart from releasing 35 Jews in Rosenstrasse, hundreds of other Jews in mixed marriages in Paris were released. This is a clear indication of a force more powerful than what was thought powerful. The violence of the Nazis all over Europe had been known by many. But a few women who could not stay quiet overcame this violence and freed several innocent people. It should be noted that this event had a great impact on the lives of many. Ruth Gross, a ten-year-old then, had the effect of the situation till her old age. Her father who was one of the prisoners waved at her behind the gates to console her and show her that everything was alright. Even after his release, he maintained the tradition of waving at her to show her that everything was alright. A Force More Powerful The case study in China where democracy was arrested led to a rallying cry by university students. As students, they were well informed of the events that were being unfolded in other countries such as Palestinians who had resisted Israel’s occupation in its territory by launching a military attack in 1989. This forced the students in Beijing to demand democra
Table 1: Economic Data (“Saudi Arabia”). Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the Gulf Region which is deeply dependent on the export of petroleum. Oil accounts for 62% of government revenue and 44% of GDP in the country (“Saudi Arabia – Market Overview”). The oil price had been slowly rebounding from a collapse in 2014. However, political tensions and budget deficits will force economic growth to remain around 1.5% and are projected to grow to 2.3% in 2019 (“Saudi Arabia Economic Outlook”). Saudi Arabia recently announced its 2018 budget which is a record $261 billion with a projected revenue of $209 billion. It is an indication that the country is expecting significant revenue growth in the upcoming years from economic diversification and expansion with an optimistic 3.7% GDP increase from non-oil sectors. The kingdom will increase domestic revenue by implementing value added taxes and additional fees (Wald). Figure 1: Expansion of the Economy (McKinsey Global Institute). Since petroleum is a commodity which has been experiencing volatile conditions affected by geopolitical and environmental factors, the Saudi Arabian government is attempting to use the massive funds obtained from exports to reinvest into the national economy. Through a broad spectrum program known as Vision 2030, the government is attempting to revitalize and form whole new economic or production sectors as well as invest in infrastructure and human capital. This is known as the process of diversifying the national economy which would allow it to remain flexible (“Beyond Oil: Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Economic Vision”). It helps protect against future crises as well as preparing the country as the modern global economy evolves in new sectors. The vision contains both long-term and short-term objectives. Despite an overwhelming support for the policy program, it maintains some level of economic controversy as it requires aggressive spending in a time of relatively low oil export profits. Many of the objectives are seen as unachievable or require such rapid economic shifts that it may have a profound destabilizing effect. Figure 2: Pillars of the Economy (McKinsey Global Institute). There are a number of sectors which Saudi Arabia will seek to expand in the next decade to diversify its economy. There will be substantial investment in other industries such as mining, metallurgy, and petrochemicals. The country’s natural resource deposits outside of the oil and natural gas industries are underdeveloped. Expansion in these sectors could potentially triple their value by providing over 500,000 new jobs and increasing the GDP by $30 billion. Also, Saudi Arabia is attempting to expand manufacturing since the country currently heavily depends on the import of physical goods to fulfill demand. This aspect will focus on commercial market products as well as supplies for industries. It will result
Introduction The feminist theory of family therapy is a novel theory that acknowledges the influence of society on formatting family behavior. It was created in order for women to help women, as the majority of traditional family therapy practices viewed the processes within the family from a male perspective and did not address or acknowledge the subjugated and disadvantaged position of a female (Gladding, 2018). The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate the feminist theory based on its model, views on mental health, goals, and the role of the counselor in the process. Feminist View of Human Nature Feminist theory objects the views supported by traditional theories of human nature, which state that there are differences in the male and female state of mind and being. Some of these theories inherently suggest the inferiority of female nature. In contrast, feminist theory perceives human nature as an entity not defined by gender. Humanist feminists state that there is a shared human nature separate from sexual differences (Williams, 2018). Social constructionist feminists, on the other hand, argue that gender is a social construct rather than a biological one. They believe that women are being raised and not born. This facet of the feminist theory states that women do not experience full selfhood because of various constraints forcefully imposed on them by society (Williams, 2018). Both humanists and social constructivists share views on common human nature and seek to stimulate society through socio-political activism. What Creates Mental Health? The feminist family theory views mental health as liberation from traditional views on genders and the dualistic notion of masculinity and femininity by embracing the idea of androgynous personality. Awareness of the oppressiveness of traditional roles, experience, high self-esteem, habits that assist with self-definition as well as the discovery of self, independence, and assertiveness are the factors that, according to feminist therapists, constitute for a healthy mental image of self (Brown & Root, 2014). These factors are influenced by the perceptions of oneself in relation to family, society, and various community practices and beliefs. Culture and ethnicity play an important role in defining stereotypes of what is acceptable and what is not. Disturbances to Mental Health As feminism views social constructs and gender roles as some of the primary factors that influence lives, it examines the various ways in which these factors impact mental well-being, identity, and self-worth. According to various researches, there are many differences between the mental health of men and women. For example, depression and anxiety are more prevalent in women than men, due to exposure to various pejorative influences of modern society, such as body image, povert
Introduction Advertising on a television can be great and at the same time it can be horrible. This is because people pay too much attention to the message as opposed to the presentation. A powerful TV advertisement needs to hit hard in order to keep attention. This should create a powerful impression. These should be followed by a story which is explained well. This will enable people to link the story with the advertisement. The story should be created and told with suspense. The advert should show a problem and followed by the solution which will have the problem solved. The advert should end in a bang. This will enable the whole image to stay in mind and there should be a twist that will captivate people to watch it till the end. Television shows are classified into seven categories based on the ratings. These classifications depend on parental guide assessment, cable and free to air TV shows based on the content. They are also classified based on the format like episode, reality, talk show, and paid programming in addition to the above. Classification of TV shows Classification of shows involves the process of sorting items into categories. The following are the renowned TV shows: comedy, drama, action or adventure and reality shows. Television shows can be factual or topical. Factual shows are like documentaries, news bulletins, reality shows or they may be fictional for example comedies and dramas. Topical television may encompass news casts and movies. There are also historical shows which are instructional or educational in form. There also exists entertainment shows like game shows and comedy. Since I will dwell on drama on this essay, I will briefly explain what a drama show is: a drama features some actors who play action on a familiar setting. It explains the lives and the adventures of the actors. In the sho
Background Examination of Rising Violent Extremism in the Arab World Background The demise of nationalism and the surge of communitarianism in the Arab world after the Arab Spring is an issue that has attracted the attention of many scholars around the world. According to Salamey, communitocracy and communitocratic politics are taking center stage in some of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries that recently forced dictatorial rulers out of power (12). During the Arab Spring, many political scholars believed that the Arab world was significantly influenced by Western culture and politics, and they now wanted democratic governance as practiced in the leading democracies around the world. A united force of people saw strong, wealthy rulers who had full control of their countries military, forced out of power in an unprecedented turn of events. Hosni Mubarak, a powerful Egyptian ruler who had a very strong influence in the MENA region, was forced out of power during the Arab Spring. He was lucky to have stayed alive because he realized that the wave was too strong to counter, and as such, he stepped out of power. Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan strongman who had ruled the country for decades and brought economic progress to the country, was the next victim of the revolution. He was not very lucky and died while trying to hang on to power. This wave moved from North Africa to the Middle East. The events that followed the Arab Spring clearly indicated that politics and governance in the Arab world are unique. When the dictatorial rulers were forced out of power, the global society expected that the affected countries would finally embrace democracy. However, that was not to be. A new wave of transnational sectarianism erupted as ethnic and tribal violence became common. In a world that is increasingly becoming globalized due to the emerging technologies, one would expect that after forcing the dictators out of power, the communities in the Arab countries would embrace unity and nationalism. However, that has not been the case. Libya is more divided today than before when it was under the rule of Gaddafi. Yemen is falling apart as Iranian Backed Houthis fight the Saudi-backed government and ISIS. The Kurds now want their independence. Instead of having a nationalistic ideology, people in these regions are embracing communitarianism. Salamey says that the rate of decline of nation-states in MENA region after the Arab Spring and the rise of communitocracy has led to the rise of violent extremism in the Arab world (18). According to Fluhman, people who fought for democracy in the Arab world no longer identify themselves with their states (78). Instead, they are now fighting for ethnic superiority. The post-Saddam Hussein Iraq is deeply divided as a radical Sunni community fight the Shiite government. Violent extremism that is now becoming common in the Arab world is partly fuelled by the problem of identity politics and legitimacy to power. People are not only concerned with the knowledge of the ethnic background of those who are in power but also how they came to power. Violent extremism currently witnesse
Introduction Research organizations state that societal learning plays a significant role in enhancing an organization’s performance. Literature has shown that the influence of an organization’s internal framework is minimal when it comes to producing distinctions on the learning levels. Vertical integration is a structural feature that leads to interdependence (Sorenson, 2000). The class objective of this paper is to assess the level of which interdependence and in specific vertical integration influences organizational learning. Another class objective that will be discussed in this paper is whether vertical integration hinders learning by doing. The last class objective is whether vertically integrated corporations gain less from experience in production than non- integrated organizations in steady surroundings. Discussion Vertical integration strictly restricts a corporation’s capacity to learn through doing. This is because reasonable managers find operation optimizations intricate especially when choosing on highly inter- reliant options. Integration can smooth the progress of learning by doing through cushioning activities within the organization. Firms improve in production by achieving experience, that is, they learn new things by doing. There is a positive association linking working experience and staff performance. Organizations, however, undeniably differ in their capacities both to gain knowledge internally and to learn from the actions of others (Sorenson, 2000). Integration brings about interdependence in corporations. Vertical integration slows down an organizations growth rate by reducing its baseline volume from which the organizations growth occurs. Integrated organizations can thus be disadvantaged in comparison to their less integrated competitors. Research has further shown that vertical integration may impair with other learning types in an organization. These include the expansion of vibrant routines and the incorporation of knowledge established outside the organization (Sorenson, 2000). Vertical integration also restricts the probability of learning from other people. An integrated firm has less contact points with the exterior surrounding. While distributors might beneficially dispense knowledge across the competing manufacturers, integrated firms bar this option by not associating with suppliers. Vertical integration restricts the probability of learning from other people through the fact that even when this firms do gain knowledge from other suppliers, they may find it hard to incorporate that knowledge into the organizations’ particular production procedures they have established. Integrated firms thus undergo problems of learning disabilities besides numerous dimensions (Argote, 1999). The above results do not, however, mean that organizations should not vertically integrate. As anticipated, vertically integrated organizations essentially learn more efficiently than their less inter
Human mind is one of the most complex machines in existence; hence, it is important to understand its biology. A unique factor which distinguishes the human mind from all other forms of life is the ability to have emotional empathy and awareness of human existence. This essay focuses on the biology of the human mind, and its fundamental functions. There lies the focal point of consciousness within the human mind, which controls and directs every segment of human physiological faculty to act in an obedient and ethical manner. Many people are interested in working of the human mind. For instance, philosophers and neuroscientists have made tremendous efforts to understand how the human mind operates; however, the attempts have yielded unsatisfactory results. Understanding the biology of human mind brings an understanding of emotional intelligence. In many situations, scholars and philosophers have asked themselves how the human mind operates, its composition, and where it starts and ends. However, some scholars believe that the mind originates from the brain. On the other hand, other scholars argue that the human mind refers to the function of the brain. However, it is vital to understand that there is a difference between the mind and the brain. The major difference is that the former is a physical organ of the body whereas the latter is mental and subjective. The other important question posed by many people, is the location of the mind. Some scientists believe that the human mind is not physical; hence, it must be non spatial. John Milton stated that human mind is its own place and in itself able to create hell of heaven, and vice versa. I agree with the sentiments put forth by Milton since thinking is the nature of every person’s mind. In most cases, human thinking causes problems in human minds. The human mind also has feelings and wants. In most cases, a person may act in a rational manner when encouraged in things which make sense. The key to comprehend the biology of the human mind is to understand its essential functions, the capacity for egocentrism and the capacity to become rational. I agree with the claims made by some scientists that the human thought commands the human mind though both are equally important. Therefore, understanding the biology of the human mind can assist us in taking necessary steps to empower our critical thinking ability. The basic functions of the human mind include thinking, feeling and wanting. Thinking is the most important function. Thinking refers to the portion of the human mind which figures out things. In addi