ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The evolution of social networking sites (SNSs) has arguably strengthened social ties and created an environment of connectedness unseen with traditional forms of communication. Before the advent of social networking, people relied on the traditional forms of communication such as telephones to stay in touch with family and friends. Social networking sites including Twitter allow individuals to foster strong ties between friends as well as exchange news or views on public issues. In this context, social networks provide a new cultural frontier allowing people to stay connected, both locally and globally. The social networks raise concerns over their impacts upon cultural and social institutions. However, the regular exchanges, besides allowing people to connect with the society, foster norms and trust, which are the key elements of any community life. Social networking sites are powerful tools for increasing public participation on social and cultural issues. Cultural Effects of Social Networks Social networking sites (SNSs), given their nature, facilitate the strengthening of social bonds and enhance access to cultural norms central to community life. For instance, twitter, through the ‘tweets’ feature allows individuals to monitor the activities of the friends, community, and family closely, thus maintaining an online connection similar to offline relationships. In workplace settings, twitter and other SNS, allow sharing of vital information and comments about the organization. However, this raises security concerns with regard to information shared. Culturally, the management and employees sometimes share insights and thoughts about organizational and marketing issues through the social networks. The SNSs represent a shift in the organization of communities by focusing primarily on individual interests. Unlike other online websites, SNSs according to Stern and Dillman (2006), “are structured with the individual at the center of their own community” (p. 417), which mirrors the offline culture of most communities. However, of most concern is the privacy of the profile data. Twitter allows sharing of personal information with “followers” only. Still, the public nature of SNSs and the ability of a stranger to access such data raise serious security concerns. Additionally, an individual can assume different online and offline identities or include wrong information especially people with open profiles, which affect offline relationships and friendship. Social impacts of SNSs Unlike other communication media, SNSs have led to increased public participation particularly in the community and political issues affecting them. By creating trust, bridging online, and offline relationships, SNSs encourage participation of the public on various discussions, forums and civic participation including mass protests. Of impo
During the life, people change significantly with references to their physical appearance and characteristics and with references to their mental and emotional progress. The life span perspective of the human development is based on the idea that a person moves through several stages of development during the whole life (Berger, 2011, p. 7). Thus, certain changes are typical for the definite stages of life, but it is also important to pay attention to the individual character of experienced changes because all the people are different. From this point, the life span perspective aims to explain the human development with the focus on separate phases completed during the whole life; and all the stages of the human development are taken into consideration in spite of the fact that the followers of this perspective are inclined to determine phases according to different criteria. The Aspects of the Life Span Perspective of Development The life span perspective of the human development is characterized by the complex approach to analyzing all the aspects of the people’s changes observed during different life stages. As a result, it is possible to speak about the multidimensional character of the approach because all the aspects are discussed in their connection. According to Berger, the human development presented as the life span is multidirectional, multicontextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic (Berger, 2011, p. 10-18). This statement means that it is irrelevant to discuss the human development as started at one point and moving to another one; or as dependent only on one context, including only the family or social status; or as dependent only on one culture. The people’s development is the complex process because a person is influenced by a lot of environments, cultures, and situations during the life span. This person interacts with many peo
With the launch of Kickstarter, a global reward-based crowdfunding platform, serial crowdfunding became a viable counterpart to serial entrepreneurship. Social capital represents the resources acquired during social relationships (Cai et al., 2021). Serial crowdfunders preserve while serial entrepreneurs transfer or terminate their business and cannot always effectively employ their original social capital (Carbonara et al., 2010). In the following essay, the differences between the social capital accrued by traditional serial entrepreneurship and serial crowdfunding will be explained, and the effect of these differences on project finance will be considered. The types of social capital built via serial entrepreneurship or serial crowdfunding have two considerable differences. First, social
Ethical Consumerism So far, ethical consumerism also proves to be an ethical issue that has several forms. Ananya Roy describes the charity-based type that has the harmful potential of neglecting the actual reasons behind poverty (that is, the continuous, systematic exploitation) and the ethical consumerism that is aimed at the promotion of the fair trade. She demonstrates that these modern forms of ethical consumerism are not capable of resolving the problems of neoliberal globalization. However, they could address them, provided that they are aimed at this exact end. For instance, the Starbucks agenda of promoting fair trade appears to be aimed at a change, a shift that is similar to the one advanced by Ananya Roy. In my opinion, while its activities may not completely correspond to Ananya Roy’s ideas, they definitely demonstrate the movement in the right direction: in this case, the corporate giant does not aim to provide the poor with the food; it attempts to provide them with the means of getting food while also contributing to the process of promoting equality. I tend to think that this is a very long process. For example, the equality in the US is still not achieved, and races, nations, sex, gender, beliefs and special needs are still a ground for inequality. Ananya Roy shows that Starbucks has a lot to work at, but compared to the egoistic kind of charity-based consumerism, this type seems to be a step forward. At the same time, such charity might also be capable of fuelling the shift if it is used properly: for example, by funding the movements for human rights in developing countries. Developing the concept and phenomenon of ethical consumerism is also a process that is most likely to be tedious and long, but it is a necessity. Starbucks and its consumers cannot (and will not) stop at this stage, but the existence of this stage indicates that the issues, which Ananya Roy dwells on, are being noticed and even addressed. This fact proves that in the future, the means of resolving the problems of neoliberal globalization are most likely to evolve. Ananya Roy’s video The posting about Ananya Roy’s video illustrates an important fact about this and other videos that I have watched: they tend to demonstrate the issues that are invisible and difficult to notice. The post provides an overview of Ananya Roy’s ideas and their justification, and it is difficult to disagree with the fact that they are not only logical and truthful but also insightful and provide the direction for the actions that can deal with modern consumerism issues. The video by Gary Younge is similarly enlightening. One of
Introduction Internet marketing is an important aspect of business in the modern world. The effectiveness is influenced by a number of factors like easier of usability of the website, how interactive it is, the enjoyment driven from the usage of the service, and the quality of service. In this paper, the cases chosen are wayn.com and cottageholidays.co.uk. The cottageholidays.co.uk carries a name that has a meaning of its functions and this can quickly help customers seeking information on cottage services, and who do not have any particular website to use. Wayn.com whose word way is an acronym for ‘where are you now’, is a website that is designed for people who are traveling all over the world or have plans to travel, and would like to share information. The website provides a variety of services some of which are closely linked in function or in use. It is targeted at those people who are traveling and would like to spend holidays outside their usual place. This website has information with great ideas covering a throughout the whole world and therefore can be used by people from various places throughout the world. People can find friends and even meet them from anywhere in the world. The website provides other related information such as information on flights and accommodation and restaurants. If a person wants to find information on a flight, he can choose to search the flight by the nearest city or town to see the airport which is nearest. One seeking accommodation can get to search by the desired destination, check-in and check-out time, the number of rooms for children and adults. In addition, one can choose an option for finding a hotel or hostels to use. On searching using the relevant information, the website can avail a list of hotels and hostels registered in it or in their database and other information can be a searched-for example the price. The person can therefore book in any of the places he would like, as some information may be provided on the location of the hotel for example. It is also possible to find the most used hotels or mostly visited hotels. This would help someone to plan for the trip. The idea of finding people and meeting them can help in creating new friends. There are also photos that are uploaded for people to see and hence providing an avenue where people do not only write to one another but can also share photos. People can also share information while at their destination. Cottageholidays.co.uk is a website that targets those that aim to have accommodation services which could be through renting on holiday travels or sales. The customer is provided with a listing of the apartments. The website can provide apartments and hotels available for letting and renting in different countries, for example, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire and Hampshire among other places. The website avails a variety of apartments for renting or letting together with their prices and therefore customers can choose depending on their preferences and ability to pay. The customer can search the cottages stored on the website by entering information-name of the town,
The traditional bullying in schools and young people’s groups that is typical for periods of childhood and adolescence is often supported or changed with cyber-bullying today. The problem of cyber-bullying became actively discussed only recently, when adolescents’ suicides caused by this social phenomenon attracted the public attention. The existing scholarly literature on the topic actively discusses the difference between cyber-bullying and face-to-face bullying. There are many pieces of research and surveys on the use of intervention programs to decrease the rates of cyber-bullying in the educational institutions’ settings. Researchers have also paid much attention to the relationship between cyber-bullying and depression rates amongst young persons. The detailed examination of this literature is important in order to find answers to the following research question: Are young people who are cyber-bullied at a higher risk for suicide than young ones who are bullied face-to-face? Carpenter, L. M., & Hubbard, G. B. (2014). Cyberbullying: Implications for the psychiatric nurse practitioner. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 27 (3), 142-148. Carpenter and Hubbard focused on discussing cyber-bullying as a new form of bullying that has a threat of developing significant psychiatric symptoms in adolescents. The researchers presented the recent statistics in order to illustrate the negative social and psychological effects of cyber-bullying in contrast to the traditional bullying in schools. They also accentuated the data on the rates of suicide attempts among those adolescents who suffered from cyber-bullying and experienced difficulties in communicating with peers. The reference to this article is important for the analysis of such adverse effects of cyber-bullying as suicide attempts in comparison with the social and mental effects of the traditional bullying on adolescents. Cross, D., Shaw, T., Hadwen, K., Cardoso, P., Slee, P., Roberts, C.,… & Barnes, A. (2015). Longitudinal impact of the Cyber Friendly Schools program on adolescents’ cyberbullying behavior. Aggressive Behavior , 9 (9), 1-15. Web. In their article, Cross and the group of researchers presented the results of the practice of integrating the Cyber Friendly Schools program in the Australian schools. The implemented program was oriented to decrease the percentage of cyber-bullying cases in schools. The researchers examined the students’ experiences after implementing the program during the period of 2010-2012, and they found that the prevention program worked to reduce the cases of cyber-bullying in schools significantly. However, the positive effect was decreased with references to the teachers’ inability to integrate the p
It is with great interest that I draw your attention to the above issue since it directly affects health care policy implementation and feedback track in implementing the Obama Care, especially concerning holistic community and public health care setting. Currently, the epidemiological and economic health perspectives, which directly influence the health status of Americans, operate independently within this bill. Basically, the epidemiological perspective views health services as insignificant in examining health status on the parameters of lifestyle, social, and economic factors. It dwells on the cause of a disease and care outcome. The economic perspective examines health service determinants such as expenditure, financing, and mobilizing funds for these services. Despite the controversy it courted, the Obama Care has presented a comprehensive health policy that mainly adopts redistribution economics to ensure that every American is covered under the scheme. Despite initial rejection by a section of Americans, the policy carried the day as it promised to make health very affordable to the low-income groups. At present, the only challenge is implementation since it will have to cover very many people within balanced epidemiological and economic health perspectives. Quality aspects within the bill should have a target monitoring unit and active reporting channel during implementation. Though very complex, the congress committee should be intrinsic of the demand and supply in the market, social, and public against a backdrop of manageable cost constraints to balance the activities of profit and non-profit entities. This will ensure sustainability when implementing the Obama Care from the lenses of epidemiological and economic health perspectives. The main components of the policy that should be addressed include quantifiable viability, ease of implementation, and realization of the intended goals when applied in the sensitive community and public health care setting. Th
Apart from imparting knowledge to students, teaching is an art that when perfected can produce some of the best results and satisfaction to the teacher and the society at large. This is because when you are in the classroom you are taxed with the responsibility of creating an environment that allows information to be shared, understood, and demonstrated within the classroom and in the day to day activities of the students (Larrivee, 1985). The environment should be characterized by mutual respect amongst the students and the teacher and this will facilitate the classroom to listen, ask questions, make constructive comments and generally when this is done freely the teacher will get a valuable insight to the strengths and weaknesses in each and every student in the classroom and thus in my view one of the best strategy in classroom control is teacher student relationship (Lewis and Sugai, 1999). Each student has a different way of approaching things molded by his immediate environment at home, school and the societies he has interacted with and needless to say they have different academic, social, and physical skills. Thus, it is the responsibility of the teacher to evaluate and understand the students he/she is dealing with and come up with a strategy to impart knowledge smoothly while catering for the needs of the curriculum. The students must understand and acknowledge the supremacy of the teacher and thus should unquestionably take direction from him or her. For this to happen an environment of mutual respect must be there, cultivated by the confidence of the teacher and the way he deals with his student; which should be based on trust, respect, and friendship (Tauber, 2007). To a large extent, mastery of the subject is important as well as the way of delivering to the students. Believing in the abilities of the students, their inner good and their potential to excel in academics, social as well extracurricular activities is a great boost to the students and they way they perform. When this belief is genuinely felt by the students and when they are made aware by genuine acknowledgement of their progress and improvements then
Web Causation It has been established that the Hispanics have higher chances of becoming diabetic than the Whites. Using Web of Causation, this trend may be attributed to a number of facts. According to Ritter and Hoffman (2010), one of the known causes of type 2 diabetes is strenuous jobs. The Hispanics, as opposed to the Whites, always find themselves taking up strenuous jobs, especially those who immigrated to the United States illegally in search of employment opportunities (Purnell, 2013). It is important to develop an intervention plan that explains how this problem can be dealt with in order to reduce the number of Hispanics who are diabetic. Outcome Goal and Objectives for the Plan The main goal for this plan is to reduce the number of Hispanics who suffer from type 2 diabetes. To do this, it will be necessary to achieve a number of objectives. The first objective will be to reduce the risk factors that make the Hispanics vulnerable to this disease. The plan will find effective ways of managing diabetes among the Hispanics. It will find a way of working closely with the local community organizations to find a lasting solution to this problem. Involving the affected group in finding the appropriate ways of reducing this problem will also be part of this elaborate plan. Intervention Plan and Organizations That May Assist In this intervention plan, the focus will be to create awareness among the Hispanics about the factors that may make one more vulnerable to the disease. The awareness campaign will also involve informing the target group about the appropriate ways of responding to the possible signs of diabetes (Barnett, 2011). CDC is one of the best organizations that may assist in this program. This organization has been involved in extensive research and has the right resources to help in making this program a reality. It is for these reasons that it was considered an appropriate organization that can help in this program. Evaluating the Intervention It will be important to evaluate the performance of the intervention plan in order to determine how appropriate it is in addressing the identified problem. This program will be evaluated in two main ways. The first evaluation method will be to determine how well the Hispanics understand the risk factors and how to respond to the early signs of diabetes. This evaluation method is appropriate because it will help to determine how well informed the target group are in leading a healthy lifestyle after the program (Liburd, 2010). The second approach will be to determine the rate of new cases of diabetes after the completion of the program. This method is appropriate because it will help determine the real impact of the program in meeting its primary goal
Fraud is one major security element that is lagging behind the growth of any organization in the modern world. Fraud robes an organization its rightful acquired resources hence the need to come up with control measures to curb this vice. Many organizations in the modern world have established security mechanisms to deal with any form of fraud both internal and external fraud. Internal control mechanisms are proving to be more effective when dealing with this vice. In most of the fraud cases in an organization, the master planners are the employees or people who understand the operation procedures of the organization well (Biegelman & Bartow, 2012). Internal controls have been integrated into business policies and procedures of most organizations. They are effective not only in controlling fraud, but also in protecting the resources of an organization against unnecessary waste (Bayens & Roberson, 2010). They ensure accuracy, reliability, secure compliance with the set organizational policies and at the same time evaluating the performance level of all the business units within an organization. Generally, internal controls act as the monitoring body of all organization’s operations. It should be the responsibility of all organizational members to play some role in the implementation of internal controls for them to become more effective. This starts right from the management tickling down to junior members of staff whereby, all the members involved should be familiar with the control procedures pertaining to their job responsibilities. The performance of internal controls mechanism set by a given organization is determined by the control environment, activities, risk assessment, information and communication. According to Goldmann (2010), these elements are normally referred to as elements of internal control. The control environment forms the backbone of internal controls performance consisting of integrity and ethical values, assignment of authority, formulation of policies and procedures in an organization. Risk assessment is another major element that forms effective internal control mechanisms. This is well illustrated by the assessment of risks from both external and internal sources. It involves the identification and analysis of actual possible risks to achievement of the objectives. Risk assessment should be an ongoing process as the economics and the regulatory conditions kee