ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is common knowledge that Apple Inc. has taken much of the limelight for trending products in the tablet market. The Hp touchpad (web OS) was expected to pose a stiff competition for ipad and other competitors in the market but unfortunately, it failed to do so. In fact, Apple’s ipad two stole the limelight after Apple Inc. launched the product in the first quarter of 2011. From this understanding, the Hp touchpad has been a declining product (but so are other tablets with the android operating system). Comparatively, Hp’s sales are a shadow of the industry’s giant, Apple Inc. As you may know, in January 2010, it was estimated that Apple sold about three million ipads in less than three months (Nine-to-Five 1). In addition, throughout the year 2010, it was reported that Apple sold more than 14 million ipads around the world. Soon after the launch of ipad two , in March 2011, Apple sold more than 15 million tablets (Nine-to-Five 1). The Hp touchpad has only been able to sell a few thousand units. In fact, it is known that the first launch of the Hp touchpad failed to meet your company’s expectations because few retailers reported good sales. Reports show that your company only managed to sell about 25,000 of the 270,000 units produced, thereby leading to the launch of the fire-sale offer, which marked a significant fall in projected profits for your company (Sheldrake 38). The same reception that your company received in the US was no different for other markets across the world. For instance, in Europe, it was estimated that the Hp touchpad only sold 12,000 units across the continent, after which a lull in sales was reported. In addition, the Australian market did not react any differently because the Hp touch pad was on the shelves for only for days and it barely sold more than 1,200 units (Sheldrake 38). Due to the poor performance of the Hp touchpad, many people started speculating the reasons for the poor sales performance of the gadget with some experts observing that the lack of Apps and the failure of your company to incorporate a lackluster advertising feature were the main reasons for the poor sales of the gadget (Sheldrake 38). Some observers also speculated that the $99 fire-sale offer was part of an effort to get rid of your inventory, subject to the poor sales. Due to the above intrigues, Apple currently dominates about 75% of the tablet market in the world (Sheldrake 38). Not many companies have undergone the experiences your company has had with the Hp touchpad but it is important to highlight that this experience can be used to better the performance of the Hp touchpad for the future. The fire-sale offer is one such experience but its importance will be highlighted in subseq
Today’s set of lectures revolved around Kumbh Mela, which is one of the largest cultural events in India, held every 12 years and involves ritual bathing in the four river banks of the pilgrimage sites: Yamuna, Ganges, Godavari and Shipra. I was excited about the premise of the lecture, in connection to social entrepreneurship, various determinants of health, institutional voids, and the ways in which businesses could address them. The insights shared were very thorough and focused on various issues that mass gatherings of people such as the one of Kumbh Mela have, namely the risks of injury and transmission of the disease. Having been to mass public events before, I felt I could definitely subscribe to most of the ideas presented in the presentation. It is very easy for even a strong and tall person to be swiped in the waves of people and trampled as a result, and the proximity makes it very easy to transfer diseases, as people often have to stand front to back to one another, making social distancing impossible. I feel this is and will be very relevant in relation to the current COVID crisis. I did feel, however, that the view of Kumbh Mela as a mass gathering was somewhat limited in that it did not take enough account of the cultural dimension of health issues. They kept talking about how any problems revolving around population size should be treated like regular mass public events (World Cup soccer matches are often brought up as an example). The solutions for Kumbh Mela, I felt, operated too much from a materialistic perspective, without taking the spiritual one into view. Ignorance of cultural dimensions is often found in global enterprises, but it is surprising to see it expressed by natives. It is a known fact that religious mass gatherings and health issues happening there (disease, stampeding) are exacerbated by the fact that the celebrations are encouraging physical discomfort as part of the pilgrimage. People, thus, willfully ignore any health issues they might have in favor of strengthening the spirit. This lack of care towards personal suffering during Kumbh Mela, Ramadan, and other similar religious practices is partly why these holidays are well-known for causing health harm. Treating them simply as mass gatherings, I feel is missing out on a crucial institutional void and a much-needed context for entrepreneurship. Businesses could work together with religious authorities to help improve the health situation and address some of the determinants mentioned. I did learn much from the lecture, however, and feel that some of these lessons could be applied to address institutional voids in my area. As the COVID-19 crisis worsens, mass gatherings are not only heavily policed but also present a veritable danger to one’s life and well-being. Though the urban environment here is not as over-saturated as in some of the eastern countries, the sheer potency of the virus makes even regular (by western standards) gatherings dangerous. Businesse
The English constitution is an evolved one while the American constitution is an enacted one. From an absolute monarchy, the English people brought about a change in the sovereignty to Crown-in-parliament, though the process took several centuries. In a sense, the American constitution is the fruition of the struggle of the people to dispense with the monarchy and privileged aristocracy and it is the voice of an authentic Republic. The English people who were subjects changed it by even determining who could be the King or Queen, i.e., made the King or Crown subject to the authority of the people. A very brief comparison of these two great documents is instructive. The English Bill of Rights and the American Declaration of Independence both condemned the King for violating the rights of the people. The former accused him of subverting the law of the land and for wicked ways while the latter denounced him as a tyrant who had no regard for the established rights of the people. The Bill of Rights in England went to the extent of deposing one King: the Americans dispensed with Kingship altogether. They did not want to perpetuate the Catholic rule in England. The Americans enshrined freedom of religious faith and also stressed the great principle of equality of all human beings which would be loudly proclaimed in the French Revolution and pave the way for great changes in Europe and later in other parts of the world. Both the documents relied on the supremacy of the law of the land over anything else. Due process of law was sought to be re-established. The value of freedom of life, liberty and property was recognized as paramount and it was made clear the government rested on the consent of the governed. Both stressed the revenue of the land could be raised only with the consent of the people. The armies were organized only with the approval of the people. In short, the sovereign nature of the people was unassailable and inviolable. Both serve as beacon light for freedom, liberty and equality. Reference Bill of Rights (1689) England, 1786, In Congress the Unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America – Bill of Rights.
The 2012 predictions and a legitimate scientific basis My opinion is that 2012 is a great movie, but it is unrealistic because it cannot be explained in geographically theories. First of all, it is impossible to have such a magnitude of earthquake since earthquakes happen only along the fault lines of tectonic plates. It is also impossible to have an earthquake that happens across the whole of the Earth surfaces. My guess is that this is only a fictional movie, and no prediction can be made from it whatsoever. The discovery of magnetic anomalies and plate tectonics theory Electromagnetic theory and geophysical provides understandable and realistic facts of numerous polar reversals (O’Hanlon, 2008). The magnetic trend of “magnetite-bearing rocks” may be utilized in establishing the location of rocks at the time of cooling and assuming their specific magnetic orientation through estimation of latitude, in the case of uniform rock formations (O’Hanlon, 2008). Alternatively, rocks having a varying orientation to the present the Earth’s magnetic orientation field to offer unexpected anomalies when there is an attempt to gauge the field of magnetic over a specific location; thus, paleomagnetic studies confirm the facts of plate tectonics and continental drifts (O’Hanlon, 2008). The possible future of plate tectonics It is unlikely for plate tectonics to become operational. This is because the Earth is the only unique solar system that tends to be tectonically and volcanically active, which means it is alive (O’Hanlon, 2008), while the rest appears to have ceased their activity a long time ago. This means that if the plate tectonics were to stop working, they should have stopped working a long time ago since the Earth has been around millions of years. In any case, volcanic activity needs internal heat, and this escape of the heat stimulates tectonic plates, and for the past billion years, they have remained inactive (O’Hanlon, 2008). The causes of changes in sea level Numerous factors may result in changes in the sea level; one of the long term changes can be attributed to a change in the volume of the water in a given ocean, which is primarily caused by two major factors, namely; change in the temperature and change in the volume of water in lands such as river, lakes and polar ice caps (Climate.Org, 2010). Generally, water volume is highly determined by the temperature of the environment. On the other hand, the change in water mass causes a resulting change in the oceanic basin, which causes a change in sea level. The relationship between the Earth and the Moon The Moon acts as a stabilizing force for the Earth’s rotational axis. Thus, it prevents great weather changes, making life on Earth impossible; the Moon also controls the animals and human evolution, making it easier for them to see at night (Timeanddate.com, 2011). Finally, the Moon also influences the tides in the ocean. The pul
The literary essay is one of the most challenging and equally interesting essays that you can write. A literary essay is a type of essay that would require research for a certain literature piece wherein you need to write about the details of some literary elements, which are known as the three S, which are the style, the subtext and the structure. Here are some tips on how you can write an excellent literary essay . The first thing that you can do is to understand the literature piece that you will be writing a literary essay about. This is the time where you will know more about the piece first by reading it and giving keen attention to details. You need to know about the author and what happens around that certain piece. The next thing that you can do is to gather evidence. In writing a literary essay is that you need to convince your readers that the interpretation that you are making is just right. This is where you need to input more evidence to convince your readers. After doing the researches, you are now ready to write your literary essay . The first thing that you can do is start analyzing the information that you gathered and separate them into pieces of information first that will serve as your outline. Then write your literary essay . This is where you will start writing, and be sure you are armed with the knowledge of the different writing styles that you can make use of. With proper organization of your literary essay, this may become more readable and understandable to your target readers. This will help in making your literary essay an intelligent essay.
Discussion Enzymes are protein or biological molecules that are biological catalysts which help to increase the rates the chemical reactions in all living things, without changing its nature or getting exhausted, or wearing out. When enzymes are not present in the human body, their digestion process may take longer than usual and nerves, bones may not function properly. A biological catalyst is any substance which speeds up a chemical reaction in human body, without changing its nature. A catalyst can be used many times in any chemical reaction and does not get exhausted or reduced. Enzymes are somehow same as catalysts but they are easily denatured and lose their shapes and will not function any longer. All enzymes in the body function well at body temperature and have the acceptable pH (Polaina and MacCabe 24). Enzymes are composed of amino acids and in general, protein is a combination of amino acids available in the body. Some people consider enzymes as distinctive proteins that are naturally active or hold energy. It is this energy that creates it possible for enzymes to carry on work of life. However, enzymes should not be easily classified by placing them in the same class as all other types of proteins. In fact, the energy can be calculated in a laboratory by bringing it into contact with a substance that the enzyme has the capacity of breaking it down. The energy that enzymes possess is not limited and as a result, the enzymes will perform their work until they tire out or run out of energy (Polaina and MacCabe 24). When the enzymes run out of energy, it will stop acting as catalyst and is now the same as any other kind of protein. Therefore, the body will use them as source of protein. Since proteins make up enzymes, enzymes are greatly affected by heavy metals, heat, and pH, which make them reduce their productivity or function. Unlike common catalysts, all enzymes are specific to particular chemical reaction and a common catalyst can be utilized for various chemical reactions. How Enzymes Work Enzymes work in the body in different ways. An enzyme called amylase is found in human saliva and it helps to convert starch into maltose, a form of sugar. The amylase, found in saliva, is used only when food is in the mouth and does not function any longer after the food is swallowed, since the acidic conditions in the stomach are not favorable for the function of the amylase (Kirby and Hollfelder 13). Whe
Introduction The challenge of preventing human trafficking in Texas and meeting the needs of its victims is complicated by the multifaceted nature of the problem. It is determined by the involvement of numerous individuals and organizations, a variety of purposes for committing the crime, and the absence of measures for distinguishing offenders from their victims (“More Than 300,000 Estimated Victims of Human Trafficking in Texas”). All these obstacles to effective prevention and resolution of the cases are typical for Texas, and the state’s current work on eliminating the risks and helping individuals does not make a change (“Human Trafficking in Texas” 36). Therefore, it is critical to understand the essence of the issue by examining the circumstances of these events based on the data gathered in Texas and suggest solutions to address the revealed gaps in policies. Analysis of the Issue Definition and Statistics from Texas The definition of human trafficking, despite its complex nature, implies exercising illegal methods of controlling people for receiving profits. It means that any type of the described behavior can be attributed to the problem, while sex and poor working conditions are generally emphasized as the most critical (Sanborn et al. 7). The former is frequently committed towards the persons in a difficult life situation by developing victims’ trust by promises of help that they do not receive from the government and society (Davies; Smith et al.). In this case, any individual, regardless of age and other circumstances, can be affected by it. In turn, the latter is attributed mainly to adults, and this type of human trafficking is critical for migrant workers and those in the agriculture industry in particular (“Tied Visas and Human Trafficking Texas” 9). According to the recent statistics, the number of victims of the two types of crime in Texas amounts to over 300,000 individuals, among which 79,000 are minors and 234,000 are adults (“More Than 300,000 Estimated Victims of Human Trafficking in Texas”). Thus, the scope of the problem implies the inefficiency of current measures and the need to modify them promptly. Erroneous Perceptions of the Problem One of the main reasons why the situation with human trafficking in Texas is critical is the lack of awareness of people regarding its existence and, consequently, the neglect of the requirement to address it. The erroneous perceptions of the population are connected to their belief in the presence of such challenges in other countries, including Thailand (“Human Trafficking”). Also, people tend to confuse issues linked to immigration policies with the exploitation of adults from other regions of the world (“Human Trafficking”). These two conditions explain why there is no sufficient support for the victims of human trafficking and why the authorities do not elaborate effective solut
Introduction The contributions of women in the field of psychology have often been subject to underreporting and misreporting throughout the subject’s history. In the 19 th and 20 th centuries, women were widely discriminated against and perceived as inferior to men, not mentioning the fact that they enjoyed little standing in society (O’Connell & Russo, 1990). Women, despite this setback, have contributed immense knowledge to the field of psychology, and rightly qualify to be offered a special place of remembrance in the annals of history. It is a well known fact that psychology would never have been the same were it not for the outstanding contributions of women psychologists such as Mary Whiton Calkins, Christine Ladd-Franklin, Mary Ainsworth, Margaret Floy Washburn, Melaine Klein, Karen Horney, among others (Scarborough & Furumoto, 1987). It is the object of this paper to critically evaluate the contributions made by Margaret Floy Washburn to the field of psychology. Background Born July 25, 1871 in the outskirts of New York City, Margaret Floy Washburn was the only child of Francis and Elizabeth Floy. Young Washburn spent most of her formative years at Ulster County, New York, and graduated from high school in 1886 (Green, 2000). Her interest in psychology started when Washburn was enrolled at Vassar College as a preparatory student when she was barely fifteen years old. While studying at Vassar, Washburn gained membership of Kappa Alpha Theta alliance for women, and finally graduated from college in 1891. The young lady was determined to further her studies at a time when women were viewed as inferior to men. She was enrolled as an auditor in the newly created psychological laboratory at Columbia University since the institution had not started admitting women for graduate studies (Green, 2000; O’Connell & Russo, 1990). Under the guidance of James McKeen Cattell, Washburn proved her detractors wrong and performed extremely well in her studies, prompting Cattell to encourage her to further her studies at the newly re-organized Sage School of Philosophy, Cornell University (Green, 2000). At the institution, Washburn was the first and only graduate student majoring in psychology under the guidance of E.B. Titchener. The budding psychologist undertook an experimental study on tactual perception, qualifying for a Master’s degree award in 1893 from Vassar College, albeit in absentia . Washburn later did her doctoral thesis on the effects of visual imagery on judgments of tactile sensitivity, and was lucky to have her work published in 1895 in Philosophische Studien when Titchener sent the thesis to Wilhelm Wundt, the Journal’s publisher (Green, 2000; O’Connell & Russo, 1990). Earlier on in 1894, Washburn made history by becoming the first woman globally to earn a PhD in psychology. Career-wise, Washburn took up various teaching posts in prestigious institutions such as Wells College, Vassar College, Sage College, and the male-dominated University of Cincinnati (Green, 2000). She was elected to American Psychological Association
The philosophy of liberalism Liberalism encompasses three views. First, it views society as a cooperative social venture. The success or failure of projects is determined by the level of social cooperation. Thus, poor social cooperation will lead to project failure. Likewise, adequate cooperation will lead to the success of projects. Besides, rules governing cooperation in regard to social venture should be written by members of the society. These rules directly affect participants. Therefore, there is a need to have rules that cater to the interests of all people. Secondly, liberalism integrates natural and social lottery. This aspect accommodates different social positions and natural endowments. This determines the chances and possibilities of acquiring wealth, resources, and income. However, it views these differences as random. They are not inherited or even deserved. In fact, it rejects privileges conferred to people at birth. Liberalism encompasses two crucial principles. First, there is the principle of equal basic civil liberties. The second principle addresses social and economic inequalities. Social and economic inequalities are permissible if they are attached to positions integrating fairness and equality. This principle requires formal equality before the law. There should be no discrimination based on education and economic opportunities. Job opportunities, promotions, and access to public office should be based on fairness. Besides, there should be no segregation with regard to buying and selling. Likewise, liberalism emphasizes the provision of skills and other tools needed to enhance fair competition. This will enhance equality in competing for economic and education opportunities. The other aspect is the difference principle. Here, rules and regulations in regard to matters of social and economic importance should be formulated to benefit the least-advantaged members of society. What do you think is the main strength of liberalism, in comparison with the current plutocracy? The main strength is the principle regarding the provision of skills, tools, and resources needed to enhance competition in a fair way. This will ensure that unfair practices associated with the wealthy class are eliminated. What is more, it will provide equal economic opportunities to all people. This will ensure that there is peaceful co-existence among the people and adequate cooperation that will facilitate economic development. What is its main weakness? In my opinion, there is a weakness in regard to equal opportunity among all people. It is not clear whether resources and tools should be provided even too lazy people. There is a need to emphasize hard work among all people if resources are to be distributed equally. Likewise, this principle fails to address the royal class in society. It is not practical for the common man to access tools and resources for the competition to the same extent as a person from a noble family. Thus, there is an assumption regarding this matter. This is the great