ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction International trade is always associated with risks for both importers and exporters, especially when the trading partners are located far from one another (Niepmann & Schmidt-Eisenlohr, 2017). This paper provides a study of a given trading situation of American and Belgian traders and advises the possible solution to the importer. Studying the Situation To advise on the trading situation, it is essential to examine all the risks and the possible benefit for the importer. It is important for the American importer to make a profit from sales its priority. The €500,000 it owes the Belgian company is expected to be paid timely, so the importer cannot defer this payment and wait for the better currency value. According to Hoefele, Schmidt‐Eisenlohr. Moreover, and Yu (2016), only a bad trader breaks a contract when it is more profitable than its fulfillment. So, it is necessary to advise the American company to focus on gaining profits from its sales. However, such decision will put the company at risk, because if the dollar weakens during the identified period, the importer will take losses if its sales plan is not achieved. Nevertheless, the American company is to pay in euros, which means that the possible losses will be insignificant. If the dollar strengthens instead of weakening, it is crucial for the importer to monitor the euro’s position, since the weakening of one currency can cause the strengthening of another. However, the company can gain profit from this situation too. In this case, it will have to seek the help of financial intermediaries to mitigate the risks (Niepmann & Schmidt-Eisenlohr, 2017). In conclusion, the American company should be focused on gaining profit from its sales. It will help the importer eliminate the risks and fulfill the contract.
Introduction Gangs use various signs and symbols to communicate different messages. Gang sub-culture has taken root in many urban areas across the world. Gang members have unique signs and symbols which they use to distinguish themselves from members of other gangs. This paper will discuss various signs and symbols commonly used in gangs and how they impact on the way gang members interact. Hand Signs Gang members use hand signs to pass across different messages to their peers. These messages are only understood by gang members. Gang members use these signs to pass across instructions to their fellow members to do particular actions. These hand signs are done through symbols of letters or gestures to convey certain meanings. In many urban societies, gang culture has become one of the most common methods of self-expression. Hand signs make it possible for gang members to interact and exchange specific information related to their own dealings (Carlie, 2002). These signs help to convey different types of messages which a gang member is supposed to carry out as expected of him. Hand signs are normally accompanied by other gestures to convey visual messages to targeted recipients. Walking styles and other forms of body language help to communicate different ideas between gang members. Sometimes, they serve as warnings of imminent arrests from law enforcement officers. Hand signs can also be used to warn a gang member of a possible violent attack by members of an opposing gang. Gang affiliation is a sub-culture which has gained popularity among many young people. Hand signals are used to communicate anger, feelings of disrespect or other desires between two or more gang members (Carlie, 2002). Therefore, gang members use these signs to show their loyalty and the pride they have in being members of their gang. Tattoos Tattoos are some of the most common signs used to identify gang members. Gang members use tattoos to show the respect they command within their gangs. These tattoos serve as symbols of activities which an individual gang member has done to show his loyalty. Gang members who are willing to endure pain and torture without revealing secret criminal dealings of their gangs are highly respected. Therefore, tattoos are used to show how valuable they are to their gangs and the roles they play as members of their respective gangs (Schneider, 1999, p. 67). Gang members who have gone to prison for one offence or another are also highly regarded and this is shown through tattoos they have on their bodies. Some tattoos are used to show the number of people a gang member has killed or the activity which he has done to earn the respect of his fellow gang members. Therefore, tattoos are some of the most common symbols used in gang sub-cultures for different reasons. They can also be used to show respect for fellow gang members killed by other rival gangs. In many instances, gang members use tattoos to show their masculinity and bravado so as to intimidate other people. Tattoos are symbols of rebellion to the rul
Introduction Advertising is the art of publicizing one’s product, service, need especially by paid broadcasts in newspapers and magazines, over radio or television, or on billboards. The purpose of advertising is mainly to promote public awareness to boost sales, build company reputation, and solicit support or votes. It possesses all the elements of communication, i.e., it has a source or sender, the message, the intended audience, and the medium (Stuart & Ewen, 1992). It is an art whose history is as old as the origin of trading and has since then undergone transformations depending on changes in business demands, media technologies, innovations, fashion, and culture. The research study examines sexuality and gender portrayal in cosmetic advertising. It focuses on how content analysis effects both sex and interrogate the role of sexual imagery as part of branding message intended to sell products. It also assesses the correctness of truths conveyed to and the effect of these advertising images to the audience. Advertisements as Cultural Indicators Traditional advertising methods included shop signs mounted on poles, walls, or trees. However, the invention of printing in the 15 th century ushered in the new era of commercial advertising. Analyzing an advertisement, as a historical document, may provide important clues to societal conditions at the time the advertisement was prepared. It is not easy, however, due to the discriminatory nature in which advertisements portray the world. As Daniel Pope (2004) puts it, marketing of artworks serves to reconfigure the “world as it is to fit the marketing needs of the business system” (para. 7). It is worth noting that advertisements market tools and point to the business needs of entities that pay for them, represent the ambitions and fears of the professionals who created them, and are remotely cultural indicators. Gender vs. Sexuality Sexuality refers to a person’s sexual inclination or likings. Gender, on the other hand, “are manners, traits, and judgments that a given culture links with a person’s biological sex” (Stuart & Ewen, 1992, p. 1). According to Ford (2008), feminine and masculine qualities are “cultural products, not biological features”(p. 2). Cosmetic advertising may give us insight into the roles played by men and women in life, their perception, and future as a people. Cosmetic ads usually feature female models deemed popular among the target customers. They portray a woman in various chores as a homemaker, business woman, an active girl, and as a social lady. Historically, cosmetics adverts conveyed a woman concerned about beauty, cleanliness, family, and pleasing men while men were shown busying themselves in search for fun. In the early 90’s, women started to feature in other vital roles as men were accorded family roles as caring for family, even though the male dominance of important facets of life remained. Co
Brandwatch is a social media monitoring company based in England that provides a vast array of tools and services for social media analysis. The main goal of the company is to provide businesses with a more comprehensive understanding of how their brands are promoted online, which is needed to “help brands make smarter decisions” ( Who we are ). Brandwatch has been recently concerned with how to make the data analysis for clients faster. Another concern is that social media analysis data encompasses a wide range of complicated information that needs to be structured into simple and intelligible forms. Since the company’s clients will make business decisions based on these data, the data must be presented in an organized manner and with simplicity. Also, it is often considered helpful by clients to have the data visualized, i.e. presented in the graphic form, such as charts and graphs. A technology that can help address these problems is the Dashboard Wizard, which is a tool for gaining social analytics data faster by filling in a form and receiving a comprehensive report. According to the company’s website, the Dashboard Wizard makes social media analytics ten times faster for clients ( Introducing the Dashboard Wizard ). The selection is based on such criteria as adequacy, i.e. how effectively the technology addresses the needs of clients, feasibility, i.e. whether the technology can achieve the goals set for it and cost. The impact of the technology implementation is to be measured in two ways: internal, i.e. the company’s operation, and external, i.e. clients’ feedback. Brandwatch does not disclose the cost of developing the Dashboard Wizard, but its cost-effectiveness is to be evaluated by monitoring the sales dynamics and calculating return on investment (ROI) (Fan and Gordon 78). A major recommendation for the company is to pay more attention to evaluating their clients’ feedback by monitoring social media and blogs. Another recommendation is to continue research to find out new ways of making social analytics data simpler and more manageable for clients. Finally, Brandwatch should constantly monitor its competitors because social media analysis is a highly competitive industry. First, it is proposed to generate interest in clients by heavily publicizing the new technology online. With its established reputation, the company has access to a wide audience, and reaching the audience with the new proposed technology is the first thing to do. The second step is collecting initial feedback from clients. Based on it, it may be further assessed to be necessary to make organizational changes. Finally, constant monitoring may reveal the need to introduce some changes to the technology, which is why Brandwatch needs to ensure that the Dashboard Wizard will be appropriately updated regularly. Works Cited Fan, Weiguo, and Michael D. Gordon. “The power of so
Today, many people in the developing countries die of poverty related causes. However, at the same time, there are many and extravagant individuals who spent fortunes on luxuries. The momentous question arising from this is, ‘Are we responsible for other people?’ What should we do when faced with such situations? In reaction to this question, I will address two opposing viewpoints on how to deal with poverty. First the metaphor used by Garret Hardin of the ‘lifeboat’ and second, investing in luxuries like Bob and his Bugati illustration by Peter Singer. As an environmentalist, Garret Hardin used the earth imagery as a space ship with different countries as lifeboats, with the lifeboats and poor countries swimming in the moral sea. When the space ship goes adrift, these lifeboats can save people. However, they have a limited capacity say for only fifty people (Hardin 126). When the boat has forty, it can take ten more. If people on the lifeboats pick up more drowning individuals, they risk their own future survival (Hardin 126). Besides, the criterion of choosing whom to save is tricky. If the people on the lifeboats decide to save the few or none, their survival is possible if they can protect the boat from other people trying to get aboard (Hardin 130). It is clear that Hardin does not believe in reforms of social problems like corruption, incompetent leaders. He supports the hard way to learn. Instead, Hardin believes, the richer or more developed nations should simply stop assisting the impoverished countries, as that problem will eventually manage itself. Famines and disease check the population (Hardin 130). If we constantly help, population will grow unchecked, hence the need for more help. This will cause strain on the resources. Singer highlights stories of Bob, who has a Bugati from savings and considers it immensely valuable yet not insured. This is his joy and pride. One day while packed at near a railways siding, he notices a runaway train headed to hit a child further down (Singer 61). The only way to stop that would be to sacrifice his car, to stop the train by pushing it on the track but he does not. The train kills the child. This is comparative to the rich states, which have the ability and opportunity to help by contributing to humanitarian aid like UNICEF and Oxfam America (Singer 62). I sympathize and, therefore, support Singers argument, which I deem logical and morally sound that it is sensible to make decisions on things based on the outcomes likely to be drawn – a classic utilitarian theory. Singer’s claim is that suffering and death because of lack of food or access and affordability of medication is unacceptable (Singer 61). If it was in our abilities to prevent these things from happening by sacrificing something else of comparable moral significance, we should do it. The analogy used for instance, saving a boy’s life by sacrificing his Bugati, Bob would have done a morally correct thing. However, this needs some moral clarifications like why save a child he did not there in the first place. Hardin’s opposing view is that we do not have a moral duty
Introduction Virtually everything require some form of power for its running. For instance, the human body is able to operate on a continuous basis owing to the energy deposited inform of food. This power must be made available if a continuous operation is needed. This is no more than an illustration of a machine operating like the human body. Since time immemorial, machines have in use, all of which rely on power. This power comes in a variety of forms and qualities. It can be in form of solar, wind, biomass, hydro-electric, geothermal, natural, or else nuclear, among others. Of all these, the nuclear power is the latest, realized in the dawn of the 20 th century following the discovery some crucial radioactive elements and reactions like uranium and nuclear fission respectively, both of which constitute the nuclear energy. It is preferred to the rest owing to its positive impact, not only on the environment and safety, but also on the economy of a country and the globe at large. Nuclear power is pollution-free and hence bringing no harm to the environment. It is also the backbone of economy and security following the establishment of nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons in that order. This overview checks into details this power in the aforementioned perspectives; Economy, Environment, and safety. Nuclear Power and Economy Nuclear power owes a lot to the economy of any country. The highest percentage of money is allocated to the oil energy expenses of virtually all countries around the globe. These expenses begin right from its importation, through its processing to its storage. This follows from the fact that all require energy but not all have a direct access to its source. Therefore, to ensure the availability of this crucial requirement, the countries have to continuously allocate a good chunk of money for this, which on the other hand affects the countries’ economy negatively creating an economical problem. The entry
Individual performance is a real challenge in the monitoring process in several organizations (McShane & Von Glinow, 2010). Most people prefer being rewarded accordingly for their individual contributions in a business entity. However, for an organization to function effectively and smoothly, each individual should contribute towards the success of the group as a functional business unit. Therefore, evaluating individual performances in an organization is critical (Glew, 2009). It offers an opportunity for the organization to select the best team that can implement its projects. This paper will carry out an audit on the individual performances of superhot football club players. This will offer a detailed analysis of the players and enable the club to be able to rate its team members. The procedure is important since it will enable the club to select the best talents for various international matches. The club is made up of three groups of players namely the defenders, midfield players, and the strikers. This paper will concentrate on the analysis of the individual performances of the club’s defenders. The club has seven defenders. These defenders are so dynamic that they can play in any position. Furthermore, they are almost of the same age group, ranging from 24 to 29 years. The football game requires individual talents as well as team work for a football club to succeed. The role of the defenders is to protect the team from conceding any goals. This implies that the defenders are supposed to be very vigilant, accurate, and quick in generating and implementing a decision (Tannenbaum & Cerasoli, 2013). As the captain of this team, I have spent valuable time with these players. I believe that the information I have on the players can enable the club make favorable decisions. The first area that was analyzed is the efficiency of the individual players. I examined how each player is good at meeting obligation towards other players, keeping commitments, mee
Introduction Independence of religion is the right to reverence of a supreme being by professing a preferred religion (Schultz, West & MacLean 1999). The right of religion for inmates has always been a controversial issue with different court decrees that either favor or act against inmates. However, many courts decrees enhance independence of religious expression, this may not be so in case a religion poses safety threats. Though prisoners are accorded the opportunity to worship, the extent of worship is regulated and monitored. Limitations on religious expression In as much as prisoners are free to worship, the validity of the religion must be questioned. Before permission to profess any religion is granted to a prisoner, validity of the religion must be tested and should satisfy certain stipulated conditions. Genuineness and nature of religion are two key concepts that are tested by courts to determine the legitimacy of a religion (Schultz, West & MacLean 1999). The nature of religion is examined using skewed and objective tests while genuineness is tested by examining a prisoner’s belief. In the vent that these tests fail prisoner’s ability to worship is compromised. The practice of religion in prison is limited due to the safety threats it may pose. It is noteworthy that certain religion is discouraged in prison especially when it poses safety concerns. In fact, many states do not allow prisoners to attend religious occurrences because of security matters. A prisoner’s punishments cannot be compromised on religious grounds. This explains how religion is secondary to punishment procedures in prisons. Court decisions on inmate religious expressions Religion has always been a debatable issue in the US leading to filing of suits either for clarification or to solve religious dispute. In a case (Niemczynski vs. Arpaio), a petitioner filed a case in court claiming that his devout privileges were infringed (Friedman, 2010) . He argued that by the fact that a prison warden ordered for Christmas music to play for over ten hours during Christmas period, his religious rights were violated. On May 24 th year 2010 after the successive hearings remedy, the case was dismissed (Friedman, 2010) . Another religious case is best illustrated by Wallace vs. miller. It entails a sanction suit filed by a Jewish detainee on the basis that his privileges with regards to worship were infringed. He was offended on reason that he was denied a chance to carry out stipulated religious practices. After completion of the hearing on 31 st march 2010 the court ruled against the petitioner arguing that he never suffered severe damages thus no injunction granted (Friedman, 2010). This pointed out the fact that before any court rules out in favor of a plaintiff prisoner on matters of religion, he/she must have suffered physically. In fact, the damage should be irreparable to warrant an injunction. In another religious occurrence between Johnson and McCann, a dreadlocked prisoner filed law suit to petition that his religious privileges were distorted following the order to shave his dreadlocks (Friedman, 2010) . He argued that the dreadlocks were
Capoeira is a Portuguese word that is derived from the word capao which means a castrated rooster. Capoeira is a form of martial arts that includes dancing, music, acrobatics, and singing to create an approach of teaching/training self-defense. The dance was influenced by the rhythms, religion, and social dances. According to Abdias (2002), this dance was brought to Brazil by the slaves taken from Angola. The slaves developed this method as a means of defending themselves from their harsh owners/lords. The slaves had to disguise their training in form of singing and dancing. These slaves used their regional dialects to create new songs and dances. These songs were used to glorify their homeland countries and give them hope for freedom in the future. The songs were accompanied by various instruments like one stringed instrument – berimbau, agogo (bells), pandeiro (tambourine). Capoeira has spread across the globe and it has various implications in Brazilian society. Some of the historical implications of the capoeira include: originally this art was practiced by the underclasses in the Brazilian community. But today it is practiced by even the middle classes in Brazil. Today it is considered to be a form of heritage for the Brazilians. Capoeira is seen as a symbol of unity. It was used to unify the Brazilians. Today it is considered to be the national heritage of the Brazilians. This is because it began to be played even outside Brazil. This made capoeira Angola famous. This is the art that gives the Brazilians a lot of African cultures. This, therefore, led to the development of Afro-Brazilian culture. Historically, Brazilians acquired a rich tradition from Africa. (Abdias, 2002) Socially, the capoeira has a sense of unity this is because the form of art was taken up by a lot of people in Brazil. The middle class accepted the art and this led to the unification of the Brazilians. This gave the black Brazilians some sense of unity. The taking up of some of the African practices gave the Brazilians some sense of togetherness. The practice of capoeira led to the concept of “whitening”, a theory whereby the whites in Brazil took up African practices and made them part of their culture. Initially, this theory was supposed to combat the racist views in Brazil. Therefore this led to the “whitening” of the African value and practices. After the taking up of the art by the whites, capoeira was considered clean. This meant that the African community was accepted by the whites in Brazil. This led to some unity in Brazil between the Africans and the whites. (Kariamu, 1989) Another social implication of the capoeira on the Brazilians is that it led to the abolition of social classes in Brazil. This means hierarchical order that was there was done away with. This meant that the Brazilians would easily interact. Therefore the society becomes unified. Consequently, this led to the evolution and the dissemination of the African culture in Brazil. Dance and music are used for social expression. Capoeira as a form of dance was also used by the slaves for expression. The slaves that were brought to