ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The leakage of information has become a matter of concern in the 21 st century, the era of the Internet and digitalization. As art has become digital whether it be literature, music or cinema art, the problem of pirate copies has become really crucial. What is even worse that pirate copies, is the leak of information prior to official release. This is what happened in our case. Because all the songs from the album were put online prior to official release date, the band and it’s record label will bear thousands of dollars of losses. But financial side of the issue is not the point of the study. The point of the study is try to understand who is the main priority in this ethical dilemma, the artist and the record label who will sustain losses or the fans who had the right to know about the leak. First of all, let us make it clear what is the purpose of the music outlets such as Billboard and Rolling Stone. The basis of their activities is to let people know about the latest news in the music world whether it be the official release of the new album or the leak of songs from the one. Bearing this in mind, it is wrong to say that they violate the band’s copyright by posting an article containing the information about the leak of the songs. The issue here is whether the music outlets provide the link for downloading the pirate copies of the songs. In the case if they post a link redirecting a reader to iTunes or online music shops that will sell the album once it is released or provide them with the sample that are only possible to listen to, they reserve the band’s copyright. Ethical issues rise when the music outlets help the fans find the way to download the leaked music. It is the only case in which they infringe the rights of intellectual property, so they may be judged for it. From an ethical standpoint, this situation is deontological, as it is the work of Billboard and Rolling Stone to provide people with the latest news occurring in the music world even if it is the leakage of information. From the music outlets’ perspective, the main priority is to satisfy the reader, so the band and the record label are not taken in consideration. What is more, they are just a source of news, and they do not force people to download the leaked music – it is the choice of the one who reads the article. What is even more important is the fact that if not Rolling Stone or Billboard then someone else may have become the source of this information, so those who wanted to download the pirate copy of the songs prior to the album release, would have found the ways to do so. Still, there is a possibility to reserve the copyright and provide the fans with the latest news. Music outlets may post articles containing the information about the leak but stress that they are against the infringement of the intellectual property rights and remind of the legal ways of getting the album so that the readers might browse the Internet if they decide that they want to download the songs.
Future of Inflation Rate Inflation, a persistent rise in prices, affects a country in both positive and negative ways. It needs to be managed so that an economy can function properly. The economy of Saudi Arabia is fully supported by the oil trade and is currently performing above average. The future inflation rate is expected to be quite erratic. For instance, in 2017, the inflation rate is expected to hit a low of 1.98%. In 2018, it is expected to increase to 4.7%. Further, the rate is expected to be stable at 2.04%. Purpose of the Paper The paper seeks to carry out an analysis of the inflation rate in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, the paper will look at the present, past, and future interest rates. Some of the other research questions that the paper will answer are listed below.   * What is inflation?   * What causes inflation?   * How can we measure inflation (what is CPI)?   * What is the relationship between inflation and money supply (monetary policy)?   * What is the role of the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) about inflation?   * Was the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) effective at controlling interest rates in the past? What measures have been taken to ensure control?   * What is the historical inflation trend in Saudi (2008 onwards)? Research Methodology The paper will make use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to answer the research questions. The quantitative approach will make use of numbers, charts, and other statistical approaches such as regression. On the other hand, the qualitative approach will focus on interpreting the data and other numerical figures through objective and subjective analysis. Literature Review Inflation is a scenario where the price level of commodities and services in an economy persistently goes up over a specific period. When a country is experiencing inflation, the purchasing power goes down because a unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. This creates a loss in the value of a medium of exchange. Economies across the globe always try to maintain a stable and low rate instead of negative or zero inflation (Baumann & McAllister, 2015). Inflation is measured by calculating the inflation rate. It is the rate of change in the price index over time. The most commonly used one is the consumer price index. The consumer price index is a statistical estimate that is built using the prices of a sample of items. The prices of this s
Systems-based practices are vital for healthcare providers as most of their activities are complicated, interdependent, and have multiple outcomes. Leaders in the nursing structures can empower their subordinates by exercising the systematic approach to simultaneously address different aspects of their work. System-based practices are frequently applied during the educational process, yet they can be integrated into the clinical practice as an analytical tool to observe and optimize operations (Castillo et al., 2020). Indeed, nursing leaders must consider all segments of the nurses’ work, their backgrounds, and interpersonal relationships to build an ecosystem of activities that would empower the practitioners (Castillo et al., 2020). Interdependence between the system’s segments can be viewed through the impact nursing professionals make on physicians and patients. If both receive high-quality care after nurses perform a set of actions, the system-based practice can be considered successful. In my clinical practice, systems-based activities are exercised among all personnel and established by the executives. For instance, nursing leaders are required to have informatics skills as they utilize databases about patients’ conditions and nurses’ activities. Their duty helps various units, patients, and the nursing team timely retrieve the information necessary to provide high-quality care. I would use the principles of systems-based practice to grow as a leader in nursing in two directions: educative and optimizing. I would encourage the personnel to continuously obtain knowledge about their work segment and include novel practices in their operations. The strategy would inspire them to understand their field better and become more effective (Castillo et al., 2020). The systems-based tactics that would optimize the processes would require revision of each nurse’s activity and analysis of how they impact the other units. This collaborative work would help the team recognize their interdependence and better restructure the processes. Reference Castillo, E. G., Isom, J., DeBonis, K. L., Jordan, A., Braslow, J. T., & Rohrbaugh, R. (2020). Reconsidering systems-based practice: advancing structural competency, health equity, and social responsibility in graduate medical education . Academic Medicine, 95 (12), 1817-1822. Web.
Introduction Attending annual photo exhibition that was held few months ago provided an exhilarating experience. There is this particular photograph that grabbed attention of the viewers. This essay provides a detailed description and criticism of the photograph. The photograph shows a woman taking a photo. She is sitting on the floor of an empty apartment. The woman is likely to be in her twenties and she is dressed casually. Judging from the cameras she has, it seems she is a professional photographer. Her dress code makes one to make an assumption that it is probably during summer. This is made evident by the bright light outside the building. If she had worn some warm cloths, it would have been suggested otherwise. The photograph has a figure and ground with the young woman being figure and the building being ground. In this picture, the foreground is where the woman is seated and the background depicts transparent window of the apartment The photograph was likely taken in a broad daylight since outside the apartment to be well lit by sunlight. One is tempted to think that the time this photo was taken was either in the afternoon of early evening. To an alert eye, the young woman seems to be taking a photo of a viewer who is also sitting just in front of her. This is a typical example of a photograph with shallow depth of field control. This is because the main subject of interest (the woman taking photograph) is enhanced by discarding other elements (the building) out of focus. Therefore the viewer of this photo can only pay attention to the main object, that is, the young woman. The person being photographed must have been stationary and that gives a vivid reason as to why the lady chose that posture. The photo must have been taken in a lively mood in a hyper environment. The enthusiasm of the young woman is pronounced by the fact that she has several cameras. It seems she was shooting in a relaxed environment as it is evident from her not wearing shoes. The general perception created in this photo is that of invitation to a photo shoot. Presence of numerous cameras indicates that many photos will be taken, may be outside the apartment. Gestalt theory The principle of proximity is well illustrated in this photo. The elements in this picture which includes figure, background and light are at close proximity hence these elements appears as one photograph. There is also similarity principle because three cameras being
Introduction Modern-day competition on resources has enabled countries to embark on extensive research and the use of modern technology to conserve natural resources which are always scarce. The use of hydroelectric power has been limited by the climatic changes which have actually been influenced by human beings. Due to this unreliable source of energy countries have invested heavily in other sources of power such as solar energy and nuclear energy. Nuclear energy has been in use for a long time, research shows that the first nuclear plant to produce commercially used energy began its operations in 1954. This plant was constructed by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and five megawatts of power were generated. When governments decide to use nuclear energy as a source of power, the safety of the employees should be taken into consideration. All factors compromising human safety are addressed and affirmative action is taken to prevent occurrences of accidents. Unintended human error, ignorance or negligence may result in devastating effects including loss of life and the aftermath may be felt many years after the occurrence of the accident. Countries invest in establishing nuclear power generation plants mainly because during the production of this energy global warming is kept at its minimum. Global warming which is the main contributor of modern-day climatic changes and results to natural disasters such as the Hurricane and Tsunami, hence causing large casualty to the human race. Carbon dioxide and methane which may be harmful are not produced during nuclear power generation. Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy Nuclear energy is cheaper to produce in the long run compared to other sources of energy. Oil which is mainly used by many countries is expensive to extract and it’s non-renewable, making countries diverge in other forms of energy. However, the main disadvantage of using nuclear power energy is that, during the production process of this energy, radiation is produced as a by-product and once this radiation gets exposed to the living human cells, negative effects such as deformities to the newborn brings are witnessed. A good example of the negativities caused by the atomic bomb was experienced when the USA attacked Japan during the Second World War. Nuclear weapons are dangerous weapons of mass destruction which is why the United Nations (UN) controls and regulates its production (Hala et al, 2003). Three Mile Island nuclear plant accident Most accidents that occur in nuclear power plants are fueled by the meltdown of the reactor which causes a radiation that is harmful to human beings. Three Mile Island nuclear power plant is located at Londonderry Township in the United States of America. It is a civilian power plant in that it is not managed by the US military like other nuclear Plants. This nuclear power plant began its commercial operations in the year 1974 after two years of construction which included the building of the two units; Three Mile Island units (TMI-1 and TMI2) are the two main units whose role is to cool the main reactor. Three Mile Island nuclear power plant wa
Banks are an indispensable part of any financial system since they provide services to citizens and businesses which fuel the economy and stimulate its growth. Commercial banks function by serving depositors by accepting their funds and borrowers by providing them with required sums. There is a large variety of commercial banks of different sizes, both local and international ones, which operate in the United States. Chase bank is one of the largest financial institutions in the country and offers several services utilized by its customers. It is interesting to analyze the most popular of them and see the rate which Chase offers on its certificate of deposit accounts. As mentioned earlier, Chase provides numerous services to its clients; one of them is the checking account, also called a demand deposit account. Checking accounts are considered by banks to be transaction accounts which means that the financial institution treats them as a source of funds until the client decides to withdraw their money (Madura, 2021). Essentially, banks utilize the funds deposited by their customer to loan them to other clients. Chase offers several checking-account options which have different features, including “Chase Total Checking,” which provides additional overdraft, and “Chase Secure Banking,” which does not have an overdraft service but requires only a small service fee (“Chase checking,” n.d.). Additionally, Chase’s clients can choose checking accounts designed specifically for certain individuals; for instance, there are parent-owned accounts for children. The fact that Chase has several possible checking accounts lets clients find the one which would be most suitable for them. Another service offered by Chase is savings accounts which are extremely popular among its clients who wish to not only keep their funds secure but also earn interest on them. The savings account requires only a small deposit and can be linked to the checking account, but unlike the latter, it does not imply the use of a debit card (Madura, 2021). As a result, many people find it convenient to get both checking and savings accounts in order to manage their funds better. Chase offers only two types of savings accounts, namely, “Chase Savings” and “Chase Premier Savings,” the former has an interest rate of 0,01% while the latter allows to earn up to 0,05% (“Chase savings,” n.d.). Overall, clients of Chase who choose the bank’s savings account can benefit significantly from this option only if they deposit a large sum of several million dollars. Credit cards are another popular option for clients of all banks, including Chase, and the service which millions of people utilize on a daily basis. Credit cards constitute a form of consumer loans, the terms of which depend on the client’s credit history, as well as their income (Madura, 2021). If the holder fails to pay off their balance, the bank may charge them
Hybrid Cars and Electricity: Description Created in order to reduce the harmful effect of the cars that run on petrol, hybrid cars are a rather successful marriage of two vehicles, which are an electric car and the aforementioned gas car. While a hybrid car has its problems, the key one being its weight and bulkiness, it clearly has a number of advantages in terms of saving the environment from the toxic CO2 emissions that gasoline powered cars are so infamous for. By using the motor of a car as both the generator of electricity and the key source of the mechanical power to rotate the wheels, the designers managed to make a logical compromise between the unreasonably expensive yet environmentally safe electric cars, which, for the most part, remain concepts, and a traditional gasoline powered car, which obviously harms the environment more than its owners can possibly imagine. The link between gasoline and electricity Describing the principles of a hybrid car work, one can claim that, in contrast to a traditional car that runs on gas, a hybrid car uses an electric motor in order to supply the power for the wheels to rotate. Though rather general, this statement is quite right; however, the source of the electric power generated for the motor still remains rather obscure. A closer look at the processes of energy conversion, which occurs in a hybrid car, will help resolve the above-mentioned mystery. Time to recharge batteries To start the car, it is required that electricity should be delivered to the motor; hence, the need in batteries arises. A hybrid car design presupposes that the mechanism should run on two key power resources, i.e., two batteries, which are charged with the help of a power generator described below. The batteries allow the electric motor mentioned above to rotate the wheels (Westbrook 2001a, p. 12). Generator: the heart of a hybrid car It would be wrong to assume that the batteries mentioned above also serve as the source of power for the generator. In contrast to the motor, which is run on batteries, the work of a power generator is facilitated by a gasoline engine. As it has been stressed above, the key specifics of a hybrid car is that it comprises two different sources of power, i.e., the energy produced from a gasoline motor and the energy generated from an electric current (Westbrook 2001, p. 7). The key task of the designers, therefore, constituted the methods of linking the two into a single system. The power generator appeared to be the solution. By using the MG1 and MG2 inverters, generating the AC power becomes possible (Xaodong & Chau 2011, p. 641). However, when it comes to defining the core of the mechanism, one must
As compared to other manufacturers of carbonated drinks, the Coca Cola Company is one of the most recognized companies globally. Prior to the present state, where the company manufactures many brands including Coca Cola, at its time of discovery the company never existed, but rather what existed was a coca wine, its discoverer John Pemberton had branded Pemberton French Wine Coca. Pemberton was an Atlanta, Georgia based pharmacist, who will remain in Coca Cola’s books of history, because he invented the original Coca Cola original formulation. To be where it is, the company has undergone a series of transformations and struggles, in terms of both products and management, it being a company that believes in product innovation and quality. Presently, the Coca Cola Company commands the biggest market share of the beverage industry, it being one of the most consumed drinks globally, with no cultural boundaries (Coca Cola Company 1). The history of coca cola backdates to 1886, when John Pemberton formulated the first form of the syrup that gave birth to the present world leading non-alcoholic beverage producer. After proving that the syrup was safe for human consumption in Jacob’s pharmacy, Pemberton through support from his bookkeeper Frank Robinson started to market the new drink. Although the main source of its name was from its two main ingredients kola and cola leaves, the first formulation had other constituents namely: cane sugar syrup, sugar syrup, and caffeine. Pemberton’ happiness was short-lived with the introduction of the prohibition law in 1886; hence, forcing Pemberton to change the composition of his formulation, by removing all traces of alcohol. Coca cola gained popularity among the American citizenry, as most individuals believed that it was a remedy to many health complications, for example, severe headaches, impotence, dyspepsia, and morphine addiction. In an endeavor to increase its popularity among the American citizenry, Pemberton called the new modified non-alcoholic drink Delicious and refreshing, followed by the first sponsored media advertisement in the Atlanta Journal in May 29 th , 1886. Although he made many efforts to excel in his endeavors, the first year was a blow to him, because his sales totaled to $50, a figure that was less by $20, of the total incurred expenses (Coca Cola Company 1). In 1888, because of the dismal performance of his company, Pemberton traded some rights of the company to Asa Candler, a fellow pharmacist. Later on the same year, he traded some of his rights to more businesspersons namely Mayfield, Murphey, Bloodworth, and Mullahy, a fact that made his son Charley to start selling a modified form of the Coca Cola product. The transfer of ownership marked the onset of the present leading beverage producer Coca Cola Company, because in 1892, through support from Frank Robinson, Chandler registered the Company. Although he had sold some rights of the company to other business