ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There is no denying the shift toward how people consume content and what attitudes their hold toward various media. Today, cinematography has a lower barrier entrance, making it possible for more people to find their creative voice in the realm of movies and series. At the same time, the market is remarkably oversaturated with content, and big players and independent creators fighting relentlessly for the viewer’s attention. A sea of opportunities, high stakes, and intense competition is what makes the field of cinematography exciting for many people who are in the process of deciding on their career paths. The director of the production, or cinematographer, is probably one of the most coveted positions to have in the field. Making this dream a reality takes skill and determination but first and foremost, careful research of relevant information on the topic. Being knowledgeable about a particular profession allows an individual to be more realistic about their ambitions and settle on an appropriate roadmap toward the goal. This paper revolves around the opinion that it takes both hard and soft skills to make a good cinematographer. Besides, it discusses the possibilities of branching out after gaining some experience in this position. Job Description & Prerequisites In North America, film and television are one of the fastest-growing industries with the demand for film directors increasing by 5% every year. On the job, a director of the production has a lot of responsibilities that include but are not limited to the following:  1. studying a script and settling on the best way to communicate its message for entertainment or education purposes;  2. auditioning actors and selecting cast and crew members;  3. deciding on settings and film locations;  4. deciding on the time and manner of shooting scenes;  5. ensuring that the idea realization does not exceed the budget;  6. coordinate and supervise the camerawork, lighting, and sound;  7. being the mediator between managers, technical directors, writers, and other staff;  8. planning the framing and composition of scenes and making sure that the implementation adheres to their vision;  9. working closely with sound designers and components. Typical education requirements include a four-year Bachelor’s degree. It can be a BA (Bachelor of Arts), BFA (Bachelor of Fine Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) in film production, or a related field. However, it should be noted that formal accolades such as college degrees are not as appreciated in the field of cinematography as work experience. Even A-grade students should not expect to land an excellent position right after graduation. On average, a cinematographer’s career path includes working one’s way up to the top – slowly but steadily. Probably one of the best choices a recent graduate might make is becoming an assistant for an experienced screenwriter, film director, or film editor. This way, they would be able to look behind the scenes
Executive summary In order to meet the challenges, overcome social outcomes and enhance its economic growth, Australia has to restructure its tax and transfer systems. As the nation keeps on restructuring its tax arrangements, it ought to make sure that its standards are unrelenting, strong points are preserved and all the pledges are accomplished. Indeed, the new world economic order that is characterized by increased competition, international integration, increased opportunities, changing businesses, commerce and personal services through technological advances poses a greater challenge. Besides, Australia is now faced with domestic challenges that include aging population, increased cost of health, care for the aged and increased population among others. This calls for an expanded economic infrastructure, education, health and social amenities. It must also be assumed that the country will incessantly present elevated risks of clashes which will result into higher costs of security provision. As a result, the prime undertaking of the kingdom of Australia is to get a hold of transfer tax scheme that look forward to and has the aptitude of acting in response to these prospects. Much of the most recent century main architecture of the existing tax transfer structure still hypothesizes the sound procedural outline which articulates the ethics of the Australian nation. In fact, much of the tax reforms that have been undertaken in the last few decades have reflected this sound policy framework. One of the reformed tax laws is the mineral resource rent tax that was established to provide a framework together with core rules that would be used to tax miners who persistently ensue to be making abnormal profits. This paper will be reviewing the mineral resource rent tax bill by taking cognizance of the principle concepts and component of the legislation. The piece of legislation will then be analyzed using the economic concepts and theories focusing on monopolies and their tax practices as applicable in the global context. Introduction There are several complica
Sofia is an 8-year-old Hispanic female who was born prematurely. Sofia is in the second grade and speaks English well. Due to her developmental delays, she held back in kindergarten and is currently at risk of being held back again, and her attendance record is very poor. Sofia states that she hates to see her mom and dad fight. She gets very scared, has trouble sleeping, and hides in her closet. She does not have a lot of friends due to her being bullied and named calling. Sofia has mentioned that another male child occupant of the house where they live enter her room at night to “comfort her by giving her lots of hugs and squeezes.” Her mother has stated that she has caught Sofia “rubbing her private parts” on the couch arm and that she tries to kiss all the other little male children in the house. There are no medical documents available nor any inclination that either Sofia’s mother or father have had her examined for possible sexual abuse, so the history of alleged sexual abuse is unknown. There is also no documentation of any diagnosis, medical problems, or mental health problems that would assist with Sofia’s case. Diagnosis:   * Physical developmental delays due to premature birth;   * Fear and anxiety from both parents due to them constantly fighting;   * Social and psychological development issues because of bullying at school;   * Passive exposure to smoke and drugs;   * Lack of care;   * Sleep disturbances;   * Potential issues associated with sexual abuse. Case Conceptualization One source of the client’s psychological strengths appears to be her parents. Despite the two always fighting with one another, neither of them was mentioned to treat the girl poorly or attempt to use physical violence on her. Therefore, their comfort and goodwill have a positive influence on the girl. Bajeux et al. (2018) state that parents have an important supporting influence on a child’s development between ages 4-11. At the same time, the presence of parents and their relationship with one another is also a source of psychological distress and weakness. They are directly responsible for the child’s phobia of them fighting as well as sleep disturbances. In addition, they are indirectly to blame for Sofia being bullied at school – their lack of care contributes to a disheveled appearance, poor grades, and bullying. The girl appears to not be suffering from social isolation. It makes her vulnerable to being manipulated by others. The lack of friends and a supportive environment allows for potential predators to gain her trust just by treating her nicely. Sofia lacks the positive influence from her peers, which contributes to feelings of psychological isolation. Adkins (2021) states that isolated children are particularly vulnerable to people trying to get advantage of them. Separation fear is the result of these significant psychological detriments (Everstine & Everstine, 2019). It is obvious that Sofia is attached to her parents despite them neglecting her needs. She is also trying to make up for a lack of
Abstract The name personality has several meanings that suit various situations. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is one of the theories describing the personality in human beings. According to Freud, the theory seeks to explain why people behave the way they do, studies human’s brain, and explains more about their personality. This paper discusses the various elements of the theory, its history, development and research. In addition, it takes a detailed look at Sigmund Freud who came up the theory and seeks to explain the various elements of the theory, and reliability of the research. Psychoanalytic theory Psychoanalytic theory was developed at the end of the 19th century in 1880’s. It was based on the discovery made by Breuer, who studied a person who had a trauma in childhood, consequently affecting him during his adult life. According to this research, it was discovered that someone’s personality is related to his/her childhood experiences. Freud states that it is through mechanical terms that people’s mental energy is released. Through various stages of child’s development, a person changes his/her character and releases his/her mental energy. Psychoanalytic theory developed by Sigmund Freud is arguably the most famous amongst the personality theories. According to Freud, family life has a subconscious influence on a human’s sexual drive. Family also affects the individual’s nonsexual development. According to the psychoanalysis carried out by Freud, there are other effects that affect our thoughts (Carver and Scheier, 2011). The thoughts and the motivation we have around us are such factors that affect the way we act, as well as the way we do things. According to Freud, the main drives or motivators of an individual’s personality are related to the sexual and aggressiveness. The theory further explains that the problems experienced during a person’s adult life are as a direct result of the conflicts during their childhood experiences. As a result, the theory breaks down the process of childhood growth according to the psychosexual motivators as a child develops. These stages of growth seek to show that at various stages during growth, a person (child) has various motivators that shape their behavior, and keep changing as they move to the next stage of psychosexual growth. Any faulty growth or unsuccessful/unhealthy passage of any of the stages is said to result in the adult life conflicts, which eventually determines a person’s personality. Just like any other theory, Psychoanalytic theory has its assumptions. One such assumption is the fact that humans have unconscious urges in their brain. The unconscious mind contains desires which the mind wish for, but the desires are u
Abstract This paper discusses the topic of how class, privilege, and power affect the sphere of education. Despite the widely spread assumption that the U.S. society is classless, the signs of issues based on the ideas of class and cultural identity are evident. The myths that relate to the notion of class are discussed in order to underline the importance of addressing the real matter of things. Students that come from the lower-income families, urban areas with high crime rates or students of color usually underperform thus affecting the rating of their schools. Furthermore, this paper lists some solutions to the problem of ineffective teachers that rarely address the process of teaching from a diverse perspective. Main There has been a never-ending controversy about the ways the society should come about providing education for poor children. One side of the controversial debate puts forward an argument that the public should consider resolving a number of poverty-associated social problems that involve health issues, malnutrition, poor mobility and school preparation, as well as other issues. Another side of the debate underline the importance of providing adequate education for all students irregardless of their social status and stopping making any excuses (Noguera par. 1). Recently, the policymakers have gathered all their forces to improve the scores in the educational testing without taking the issue of poverty into consideration. The results of their action were far lower than expected. According to the statement of Arne Duncan, the U.S. Education Secretary, there are several thousands of American schools that never reach the required levels of performance. Such poor results are attributed to the fact that the mal-performing schools teach bulks of poor children that face much more challenges than others. Thus, to improve the performance of these children and schools in general, the authorities should do much more than just putting pressure on them (Noguera par. 4). Pedro Noguera, Professor of Education at New York University, in his Daily News article “Accept it: Poverty hurts learning” discusses his experience working with urban schools. He underlines the fact that there are great barriers that prevent schools from achieving educational success, despite the social and financial efforts targeted at improving the schools’ performance. One of such efforts was the Newark Global Village Zone that was trying to establish partnering relationships between schools and other organizations like universities, hospitals, non-profit organizations as well as other organizations that can provide services and support for the children in need. However, despite the positive motivations, the success is still complicated to achieve. Noguera argues that there are very few cities in the United States of America that were able to make necessary efforts to support mal-performing sc
Introduction After the Civil War, America experienced rapid economic development due to industrialization. The power shifted from the state to the economic elites and private corporations in the United States. It influenced not only the financial estimates of the state but also the lives of different classes. If some started to receive higher salaries and enjoy the benefits of technological and infrastructural progress, others faced ignorance of their rights, terrible working conditions, and work overload. The class division in late 19th century America had a great significance for the formation of the economic and political regime in the state and the labor rights of the working class. Main body The industrial revolution in America increased the gap between the economic elite and the working class, bringing hardship to the working-class people. The main national capital was concentrated in the hands of only a few corporations and financial firms (Braun, 2020). However, different sides had different perceptions of the situation. This could be seen by analyzing historical sources, including information about wageworkers and writings of political magazines. Flourishing capitalism made people who work in factories work for ten hours a day and did not consider basic safety rules. Among those who worked for a wage were those who understood that such an attitude towards their labor and rights was unacceptable. Those people created participated in the labor movement and organized trade unions. Oscar Neebe was one of the workers who had been in the labor movement. He was accused of bombing Haymarket in 1886, even though there was no explicit evidence for this. In his speech addressing the court, he said, “We socialists hope such times may never come again.” Oscar Neebe aimed to reduce the working hours and increase the wage; however, he said that capitalists would not allow it to happen. According to his bias, capitalists were only pursuing their interests of growing wealth and keeping wage workers poor. By reading his statements, it could be clearly seen that he has a hostile attitude toward elites. He perceived the wage work as a slow murder, saying, “I think it is more honorable to die suddenly than to be killed by inches.” Analyzing Oscar Neebe’s words, it could be concluded that some workers had a very cruel approach to assessing the problem of labor and were ready to act desperately. On the other hand, some local magazines had expressed their criticism of the movements organized by the strikers. Thus, Harper’s Weekly Criticized the 1877 Railroad Strike. They perceived such actions as unfair in relation to wage workers who did not want to participate in their movements. Harper’s Weekly wrote that strikers created despot and tyranny by forcing people. They stated that when strikers force other workmen to follow them, they are creating anarchy. At the same time, they criticized the anarchy in the q
Entrepreneurial character of the Chipotle business Chipotle offers a household burrito brand. The Chipotle restaurant offer customer services such as attractive eating environment. The burrito brand is a household name that defines a lifestyle among the loyal customers. Instead of just serving fast food, the Chipotle’s burrito is not a junk food. Rather, this meal is prepared from healthy ingredients in line with the health needs of the customers. Despite the long process of preparing a single burrito, Chipotle restaurants serve their customers within the same waiting period as most of the fast food restaurants. Therefore, the decision to eat at Chipotle is informed by the need to maximize customer satisfaction. Besides, the business was founded on the principle of offering healthy Mexican food in the market at very competitive prices despite the opportunity given to customer to participate in selection of ingredients in each burrito or tacos. How Ells promoted entrepreneurship within the organization As the founder and CEO of the Chipotle restaurant, Ells created a unique menus and eating culture among the targeted clients in the most comfortable and warm environment. He ensured that the restaurants were very spacious and has attractive finishes to give the business a competitive edge. The attractive eatery environment and unique arrangement of the dining area were designed to be very welcoming to families by Ells. A typical customer would be attracted to the executive design of the Chipotle restaurant besides the delicious menu designed by Ells. Besides, Ells was able to expand the restaurant within a relatively short period through partnership with other establishments. Insights that SWOT reveal on how Chipotle should be positioned in future From the SWOT analysis, it is apparent that the unique menu, cultured eating environment, quality ingredients, healthy food, and relatively affordable food guarantees business profitability and sustainability in the future. However, the emergence of competition is currently threatening the expansion strategies of the business. Apparently, the SWOT reveals that Chipotle should position itself as the restaurant offering natural recipes made from high quality and naturally bred animals and vegetables. Besides, the customers should be made aware of the aspects of proactive participation in selection of the best ingredients for their meals and observing the preparation process in a healthy environment. Components of Chipotle’s business strategy Quality menus and services: The restaurant is known for high quality ingredients and burrito brands prepared and served to specification of each client in an ambient eating environment. The service period for each customer is within fiv
Abstract Boston harbor was considered to be one of the most polluted harbors in the United States many years ago. The abundant resources that were found around the harbor, coupled with the security that the harbor provided to the people encouraged people to settle around the Boston harbor area. The harbor experienced great levels of pollution which in turn became a health problem to the people. For instance, the 1796 typhus outbreak was attributed to the harbor’s pollution. Clean-up efforts in the harbor have been advocated for since 1899. These efforts have promoted the development of a clean-up project for the Boston Harbor, which focuses on improving the local highway system, as well as renew the waterfront. The cleaning up of the Boston Harbor has played a very big role in the growth of Boston’s economy, and the nation as a whole. The economy is still expected to continue growing in the future, which is bound to make Boston’s economy one of the best in the world. Introduction The Boston Harbor is located in the Western region of the Massachusetts Bay in the United States. The harbor is well known for its numerous islands which form the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. The clean-up efforts that have been undertaken aimed at avoiding the congestion-induced losses in the harbor, reducing the pollution, and making access to the Logan Airport much better. The need to improve the air and water quality also motivated the clean-up efforts. The Boston Harbor clean-up project had more than $4.5 billion invested into it when it started. Constructing a wastewater treatment plant that would integrate an ocean outfall was one of the measures that were undertaken in the project. A processing plant that would recycle nutrients from the wastes into fertilizer pellets was designed, to serve as pollution-reducing components for the harbor. The project is considered to be a major investment that allowed sustainable development of the Boston Harbor waterfront, with the project’s common vision achievement being boosted by careful and good planning of the city. This has in turn built great confidence when it comes to persuading the private sector to contribute to the development of the harbor’s waterfront through funds, talent, and time. The clean-up project has boosted the economy. Boston has now become a boating city that attracts millions of visitors annually. For instance, over 50,000 people traveled to their place of work using the ferry as a means of transport in 2007 1 . In addition, more than 100,000 people traveled to and from Logan Airport by water taxi. Tourism has grown in Boston, with over one million tourists (both domestic and foreign) taking part in tourism activities around the harbor. These activities include harbor
The Australian justice structure is centered on an elementary belief in the canon of law, justice and the autonomy of the judges. All individuals- Australians and non-Australians similarly are treated equally before the law and securities exist to guarantee that individuals are not treated subjectively or wrongly by administrations or bureaucrats. Ethical standards that entail technical impartiality, judicial precedent as well as separation of powers are essential to Australia’s legal structure (VanDuzer, 2003). The common legal system, as formulated in the UK, creates the basis of Australian jurisprudence. It is divergent from the civil legal structure that functions in Europe, Latin and Japan, which are resultant from Roman law (Fodden, 1999). Diverse countries that have integrated common law statutes include the United States, Canada and New Zealand and so forth. The integral aspect of the common law structure is that juries’ verdicts in awaiting cases are conversant by the resolutions of formerly settled cases. The Australian charter of 1901 established a federal structure of government, under which authorities are disseminated between the federal authority and the states. It defined limited powers and synchronized powers. The states and territories have independent law-making power in all matters not particularly designated to the federal authority. In reality, Australia has about nine legitimate structures mainly; eight state and provincial structures and a federal structure. Neverthele