ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Launching a new product on the market is a long process, and there is no flawless algorithm that can ensure its success. Millions of business owners are constantly thinking of methods that will attract new customers, and correct pricing is one of the essential elements. The perfect price is appealing to consumers and company leaders. Therefore, a balance should be reached, where the product is bought willingly, and the business gets the maximum possible profit from sales so that benefits exceed the cost of production (Abbey et al., 2015). It becomes even more difficult in the case where the product is new and has not been introduced to the market yet. One of the most obvious advantages of this situation is that the business owner has a monopoly on the market. The price does not depend on such external factors as competitors because there did not appear yet. Nevertheless, a significant number of buyers should be attracted as soon as possible. Therefore, it would be helpful to start selling a product at a fairly low price. In this way, the product quickly becomes known and popular. However, there are some drawbacks to this technique, for example, its unpredictability. In the case where the manufacturer of the product does not succeed in the mass market, the company can go broke. For this reason, this method can be successful if the company changes in consumer demand, sales growth is steady, and benefits allow further development of production. The business owner can start calculating the price from the cost of manufacturing the product. In addition, he or she should study the market progress of a competitor’s comparable product that has already established itself among customers.
The concept of organizational behavior is one of the most important tools in management. Organizational behavior refers to how the organizational structure and practices influences the behavior of an individual and how the individuals influence the organization. Managers should have a good understanding of organizational behavior to manage the affairs of the organization effectively. Organizational behavior strives to capture how people operate in an organization to ensure that they achieve the highest performance for an organization. Organizations ensure that their employees are highly motivated to ensure that they have high performance. Organizational behavior ensures that employees are motivated towards a common vision. Understanding organizational behavior would help me become a better leader and improve my relationship with other employees. For an organization to motivate its employees towards a common vision, it is vital to understand why people have certain behaviors. Some of the major work behaviors that an organization should understand include job performance, absenteeism, and turnover. Job performance refers to how an employee undertakes their duties as prescribed in the job description. Job performance is the major factor that determines whether an employee will receive a promotion. The treatment that employees get from the organization determines their job performance. Employees of organizations that treat them well usually have high job performance (Bauer & Erdogan, 2009). Employees reciprocate the efforts of the organization by performing better. The work attitudes of employees correlate to their job performance. Highly satisfied employees usually have high job performance. In addition, the personality of employees determines their job performance. Conscientiousness is the major personality trait that determines job performance. People who are organized, reliable and achievement oriented usually have high performance. Therefore, this course has enabled me to understand the effect of work behaviors on an organization. Absenteeism and turnover are some of the negative behaviors in an organization. Work-life balance and health problems are the major causes of absenteeism. Negative attitudes towards work may also contribute to absenteeism. Employees quit their jobs due to various reasons. Personality conflict and negative attitudes towards work are some of the reasons why companies have high employee turnover (Bauer & Erdogan, 2009). Understanding the major reasons for absenteeism and turnover would help me in formulating strategies that would help in tackling them. Employees do not work in complete isolation. They usually interact with their colleagues. Therefore, it is vital to have good communication between employees. Good communication enables employees to coordinate their actions to achieve their goals. Managers spend most of their time communicating with
Introduction Every stage of the evolution of society could be characterized by a certain concern that impacted the minds of people and conditioned the appearance of certain values, problems, approaches, etc. Moreover, the development of any community could be considered the chain of new issues that trigger the process of the development of a certain movement resulting in the acquisition of new ideas and further sophistication of society. Yet, being an integral part of civilization, art has always been reflecting the dominant moods and values to show the atmosphere of an epoch and make people think about the necessity of certain changes. For this reason, every significant shift in the mentality of people was depicted by various kinds of art. Moreover, the appearance of cinema introduced several new opportunities for filmmakers and directors to show the current state of society and reveal the most nagging problems. Background As mentioned above, every period of history is characterized by certain problems and movements. If to speak about the middle of the past century, the increase in the importance of working unions should be admitted. The world still suffered from the aftermath of WWII and numerous states tried to recover. Thousands of people had to work hard to guarantee their survival. Yet, very often the conditions were poor and resulted in the appearance of numerous movements to resist the pressure of company owners. Furthermore, the given environm
Geo-demographics It is possible to distinguish several geo-demographic characteristics of the UK market. First of all, one should mention that the longevity and fertility rates have increased throughout the country. Therefore, various businesses can expect to find a larger number of potential clients. This tendency will manifest itself within the next two decades (Kearney 314). Furthermore, researchers note that the population of metropolitan areas will increase dramatically due to the growing immigration. In particular, much attention should be paid to people who come from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (Kearney 315). They are most likely to settle in London, Manchester, Birmingham and other metropolitan areas. It is expected that in 2015 the population of the country will be approximately 64 million (Kearney 316). Additionally, researchers note that the average age of the population in the urban areas decrease because a great number of young immigrants will come to the country. These are the main trends that managers and entrepreneurs should consider. Socio-economic characteristics The UK consumers can differ in terms of social class and purchasing power. As it has been said before, immigrants can constitute a significant segment of the possible target audience. In most cases, the purchasing power of these people is not very strong. Furthermore, the economic recession has increased the inequalities in the United Kingdom. It should also be noted that consumers in the United Kingdom began to pay more attention to the price of a product. In contrast, before 2007 they focused primarily on such aspects as quality or design (Burton 205). This is one of the details that should be taken into account. However, the situation can change, provided that the economy of the country recovers more swiftly. Psycho-behavioral characteristics of customers It is possible to say that the customers in the United Kingdom are willing to accept innovative products and services. Yet, companies have to demonstrate that they can create value for clien
The Renault company best known for its innovative and design was to undergo a turnaround with the Japanese motor giant, Nissan. The Nissan has a prolonged fame of producing quality engine systems. The two companies agreed to form a major strategic alliance. This alliance would be the fourth largest car making company across the globe. The Renault was to assume $ 5.4 billion of Nissan’s debt. This alliance made sense for both sides since the Nissan Company’s strengths would cover the gaps of the Renault company and vice versa. The Renault was to reduce the much debt owed to the Nissan industry. The success of the alliance would purely depend on the conversion of the Nissan of the Nissan industry into a profitable and rising business as proposed by Schweitzer. An earlier attempt by the Renault Company to merge with Volvo was not successful due to the traditional state control of the player countries. Before the idea of turnaround had emerged, Nissan Company was really struggling to earn the estimated profits. The cost of making a Nissan vehicle was extremely high hence; its market price for its products were high compared to other firms in the industry. The company stock had to accumulate since it would pile more than million more cars each single year. This made the company accumulate more and more debts. In order for the company to protect its identity and maintain self-esteem for its people merger was the most appropriate option as at that time. Currently, the turnaround has achieved more success beyond its imagination. Nissan is very profitable, and its identity has been on the upward growth. The successful turnaround of the two companies is due to the mobilization of the Nissan managers through cross-functional teams meant to spearhead radical changes and maintenance corporate culture by the Renault Company. The Nissan Company made new culture by dramatically breaking its past traditional culture. This enabled it to save money and alienate form the persistent loss making habit associated with the former method. The company had to dismantle the Keiretsu investments to realize its capital locked up in these in this real-estate investment. In a close analysis, the major problem of the Nissan Company was not only financial constraint but also cultural difficulties. Its older employees stuck down more money and power than they did actually perform breeding complacency to the company hence undermining its competitiveness. This culture made the company realize more loses, as its customers did not consider how the company undertook the process. However, what the customer required was well-designed and quality products at affordable prices. The company had no choice but to drop this culture and ditch the seniority rule. The company also revamped its compensation system and focused on performance. The company also had another culture of blame where in the case of failure it was due to another persons fault. The success of such turnaround is ensured by building a trust through transparency within the operations of the two parties. In this alliance, building transparency was thro
Controversial arguments have been raised by different experts in various fields about the best way to deal with the climate emergency. To address the debate, governments have come up with unions and treaties such as the Paris Agreement, United Nations Convention among others. The subject of establishment of the green economy seems to take center stage in the debates. Experts in various fields such as environmental and economics have contributed significantly for or against the proposal. I derived my research question from these arguments. Research Question How sustainable is the operation of the green economy? Henderson, David R. “Going Dark: Rolling electrical blackouts don’t just happen. They result from unwise commitments to solar and wind power.” Hoover Digest, no. 1, 2021, p. 150+. Henderson notes the consistency is power blackouts in the state of California that seem to be a planned event (150). The article reveals that the state has a policy to reduce the use of fossil fuel as sources of energy and increase the use of energy from renewable sources up to 33%. However, the three major sources of renewable energy have major drawbacks, which limit their usage. Solar energy can only be reliable during daytime and most efficiently during sunny days. Windmill power energy cannot be controlled, and hydropower has a risk of shortage during drought. This article is a useful contribution to my study as it provides an opposing argument to the sustainability of the green economy. The author lays down economic viability and unreliability of the renewable sources of energy that could hinder the full implementation of the proposal. Kalmus, Peter. “Quitting Fossil Fuels Will Help Avert Climate Disasters.” Gale Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2021. In his article, Kalmus provides a glimpse of his personal life when focusing on living a carbon-free life, for instance, riding a bicycle instead of a car, taking vegetables, and avoiding travel by plane. Kalmus warns of the disaster that may occur as a result of climate degradation if people do not act swiftly towards change. Kalmus’ article is critical in my research as it provides an answer to whether lifestyle in a green economy is sustainable. The author provides a highlight of his new lifestyle when focusing on reduction of carbon emission as a proof of sustainability. Lomborg, Bjorn. “Green Power: The world won’t recycle its way out of climate change. We need new and affordable sources of energy.” Hoover Digest, no. 1, 2021, p. 73+. Lomborg notes th
Company brief history Empire Blue Cross Shield Company is a US-based hospital insurance firm. This insurance firm offers a broad range of insurance products; all in various funding arrangements (Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield Homepage, 2008). Boasting of over 75 years experience in the insurance industry, the company has expanded its activities to cover all market segments. Throughout its existence, the company has operated a “unique” quality policy differentiated by the following key factors:   * Diverse product portfolios   * Robust employee and member websites   * Use of cutting-edge technologies   * Superior services   * Seamless implementation processes   * Strong and data integrated business partnerships Problem identification Before the year 2007, Empire Blue Cross Shield used to apply a fixed co-payment to all insured clients. This meant that whether the insured clients were purchasing prescription drugs, visiting offices or undergoing emergency X-rays, they had to part with the same co-payment figure (estimated at $ 20). However, things changed in the years succeeding 2007 when the company reviewed its health policy. During this time, the company established a new co-payment plan. This plan required that each insured member’s co-payment was to correspond to the contributions or the policy insured against. This requirement meant that the company had increased its workload since it had a large of clients under its membership. As the insured members continued to frequent offices, hospitals and chemists for various services, the management could not successfully establish the exact co-payment quotations to be paid by each member. At some instance, the insurance firm quoted $ 15
Executive Summary   * The section covered GAH’s core competencies and functions, IT controls, JCAHO accreditation and HIPAA ethical requirements;   * GAH’s core competencies include professionalism, evidence-based practices, effective communication, patient safety, patient-centered approaches and quality improvement;   * GAH’s core objective is to provide safe and beneficial healthcare to the elderly;   * The facility will review its performances regularly to ensure that it meets its core objective;   * Management and staff shall demonstrate core competencies in leadership, teamwork and collaboration, communication and professionalism;   * GAH will operate under HIPAA ethical guidelines;   * GAH will adopt IT system components to facilitate information sharing within and between different units. Core organizational competencies and functions   * Professionalism – The facility will assess its internal practices to ensure that they are consistent with the legal and regulatory requirements, ethical and moral obligations, altruistic and humanistic principles;   * Evidence – based practice (EBP) – GAH will identify, assess and integrate best practices and current research findings in care provisions for the elderly in Mission Viejo (Hughes, 2008);   * Communication would enhance mutual respect, shared decision-making processes, reduce risks to patients and facilitate care provision (Kavaler, 2012);   * Safety will reduce risks associated with long-term care services (Kalra, 2011);   * Patient-centered care – GAH will foster patient-centered care through communication and collaboration with the patient and families;   * Quality improvement – the facility will use evidence-based outcomes to improve care provision to the senior citizens (Healy, 2011). Goal/Objectives The main objective of all these core competencies and functions is to improve geriatrics care. A Control Method for Core Competencies and Functions GAH will develop a Competency Assessment Tool to evaluate achievements. Competency Levels will include:   * Excel level for excellent performances;   * Meet standard requirements;   * Require improvement;   * Not acceptable;   * GAH shall evaluate achievement of core competencies and functions at the levels of care providers, managers and at the organizational level. The Evaluation Procedure   * Evaluation of job performance against the set objectives as a part of performance management process;   * Review all core competencies and functions to determine if they are relevant to the overall objective and goal;   * Assess indicators to identify core competencies and functions, which it has achieved and have contributed to the overall objective;   * All care providers and managers will indicate how they have contributed to core competencies and functions;   * Managers must review performances against the objectives and core competencies and functions;   * GAH shall review performances against short-term goals;   * Care providers and managers must agree on these specific short-term goals and identified improvement goals;   * GAH will define core competen
Do you think that because essentially all pesticides eventually fail, their use should be phased out or sharply reduced and that farmers should be given economic incentives for switching to integrated pest management? Explain. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that persist in the environment accumulate in high concentrations in fatty tissues and are bio-magnified through the food-chain. Hence they constitute a serious environmental hazard that comes to expression as important long-term risks to individual species, to ecosystems and to human health. POPs chemicals may cause cancer and disorders in the reproductive and immune systems as well as in the developmental process. They constitute a particular risk to infants and children who may be exposed to high levels through breast-milk and food. During the last two decades much attention has been given to this group of substances at the international level after it became apparent that they are transported through the environment across borders. Individual countries alone are unable to control the environmental pollution from such border-crossing substances and critical concentrations have been reached in some regions, even in places where they have never been produced or used. Negotiations on a global, legally binding instrument to reduce and/or eliminate releases of POPs started in Montreal, Canada in 1998 under the auspices of UNEP. In May 2001 126 countries and the EU agreed and adopted the text of this global treaty, referred to as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants How can you prevent water pollution? How could you influence the next generation (your children) on how to prevent water pollution? If you want to help keep our waters clean, there are many things you can do to help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and lakes as well as groundwater and drinking water by following some simple guidelines in your everyday life.   * Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs treatment.   * Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain.   * Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries.   * Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers. This will prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources.   * By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertilizers, pesticides and contaminated water from running off into nearby water sources.   * Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin. What is ‘environmental sustainability”? Based on what you have learned in this course, what recommendations can be made to increase environmental sustainability? Environmental sustainability is development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of futur