ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the modern world, sports science and technology has become an important discipline in higher education, especially due to the increasing role of sports in social, economic and cultural development. In fact, sports have become not only a form of culture, but also a major economic sector that contributes heavily to the economy of various nations and populations (Lawrence and Kirby 299). Athletes have become assets or human resources important for generating income for their companies, clubs, societies and nations, raising the need for specialists in sports science and technology. In particular, the nutrition for the athletes is an important factor in enhancing their performance. Institutions of higher learning and research have contributed to the development of the sports sector through research and innovation in dietetics, which improves the performance of the athletes. Thus, the role of sports nutritionist is important in almost all sports and games, especially those that require the application of the physical and mental aspects of the human body (Maughan 21). The input of the sports nutritionist comes in terms of providing advice on nutrition, food and their impacts on health and performance (Lawrence and Kirby 299). Sports nutrition is an important discipline in enhancing the sports sector. This paper presents a detailed report of the needs for a sports nutritionist, the roles played, academic backgrounds and requirements and the entry salary level for this position. In addition, it elaborates the appropriate governing agencies and the necessary practice setting for the sports nutritionist. Education In the United states, a person willing to work as a sports nutritionist must hold at least a Bachelor’s degree in clinical nutrition or food and nutrition or their equivalent. The degree must be obtained from a regional, national or international university or college that should also be accredited. Above the bachelor’s degree, a Master’s degree in the same field is normally preferred, especially at the research and administration levels of the sports sector. To be accepted as a credited sports nutritionist, an individual must have a minimum 2-year experience in nutrition, especially in nutrition counseling (Lawrence and Kirby 303). Regulatory authorities/certification In the US, Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education (CADE) is responsible for supervising and accrediting the completion of a degree in this field. It is a department of American Dietetic Association. CADE is responsible for certification or licensing of the individuals who have accomplished the program and is actively involved in the practice. However, the relevant state laws and regulations must apply. Practice setting Sports nutritionists are important in determining the right diet and dietary information for athletes as well as other individuals seeking to improve their physical performance, including students in
Introduction Before his premature death after a long and brave fight with cancer, Steve Jobs had become a force to reckon in the IT field. Steve Jobs had an equal number of friends as enemies within the company, which depended on their relationship. As the Apple’s co-founder, Steve was a celebrity, who commanded respect from his colleagues and many people across the world. His colleagues focused on every word that Jobs uttered during his speeches. They believed that his words had a hidden meaning. Hence, his constituents could go through his letters trying to decipher the hidden message. As a boss, Steve Jobs was forceful, tough, decisive, and astoundingly inspirational. As a businessperson, he was cunning and cold. His tactics were hardhearted and his business ideas were unsullied. In all areas, Jobs did not falter to speak out his views whenever he felt that things were not going as planned. Steve Jobs was a vibrant and alluring leader. His charisma saw him make significant improvement in Apple Company. Steve Jobs, obsessed with desire for perfection ended up losing his job in Apple. His goals crashed with those of the organization prompting the board members to withdraw all his responsibilities. His dismissal acted as an opportunity for him to revolutionalize the computer industry. During the period that he was out of Apple, Steve used his knowledge and charisma to draw a team of staff close to him, which helped him to enhance his knowledge in the production of animations. Moreover, he learnt the science of producing operating systems. His return to Apple is considered as a wonderful move that rescued a company that was in the blink of collapsing. With his charisma, Jobs managed to earn the trust of people who had initially seen him as arrogant and bossy and through their help; he revived Apple and made it significant in the computer world once more. Leadership style Steve was a st
Memories affect people’s actions and behavioral algorithms. They could make people to be strong and confident or take wrong decisions. Significant memory elements are integrated and stored in the temporal lobes and are impacted by the hippocampus. In this connection, the paper is aimed at revealing peculiarities connected to memory and learning activities focusing on several types of memory including episodic, semantic, and procedural memories. The hippocampus is a brain region in the form of a horseshoe that plays an essential role in the transformation of information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory. It is a part of the limbic system associated with emotions. The hippocampus is engaged in such complex processes as the formation, organization, and storage of memories. As both sides of the brain are symmetrical, the hippocampus could be found in both hemispheres. The hippocampus is essential for the memory and its structure. According to Wicking, Nees, and Steiger, “hippocampus memory tests are used to assess functions related to the process of declarative memory involving episodic memory semantic memory, and procedural memory” (61). However, it is known that the long-term storage of memories involves the frontal cortex as well and the memory increasingly depends on the frontal cortex and less from the hippocampus with time. There are several types of the long-term memory, and each of them depends on the particular set of storage and retrieval of memories. Declarative memory is the memory concerning facts and knowledge. It allows a person to keep in mind that London if the capital of Great Britain or that about seven billion people live in the world, for example. There are three types of the declarative memory:   * Episodic memory is the memory concerning events. It allows humans remembering events of childhood, or what they ate for breakfast. It is associated with the hippocampus.   * Procedural memory is engaged with experience and skills. For example, it is responsible for the memory of how to ride a bicycle, drive a car, or play a musical instrument. Initially learning these skills requires plenty of efforts, but then they become automatic.   * Semantic memory is the memory concerning meanings and concepts. It is necessary to read and uses the ability to memorize meanings of words. Complete removal of the hippocampus makes it impossible to form new memories. The case with the patient H.M. is a convincing argument that proves the above statement. Henry Gustav Molaison has suffered from epilepsy since childhood. After the application of conventional methods, his doctor understood their uselessness and suggested to carry out a complicated operation by removing the temporal lobe and the hippocampus part (Cacioppo and Freberg 332). After surgery, epileptic seizures did not recur, but another much more serious problem appeared. As a matter of fact, Molison ceased to learn new facts. Only old information remained in his head as he remembered events happened 10-20 years ago. However, it is especially important to point out that in a case like this one, he was able to learn to play a musical instrument and computer games. N
The Happy Prince and The Nightingale and the Rose Oskar Wilde’s fairy tales – The Happy Prince and The Nightingale and the Rose – reveal moral and ethical dilemmas that the protagonists encounter in their search for the truth and love. Both stories are also about sacrifice for the sake of love, peace, and happiness. The first story presents The Happy Prince , a leaden statute who seems to be happy by appearance, but his inside his soul, he was not happy at all because the city he guards is full of misery, diseases, and poverty. At the end, the protagonist and swallow die, but their sacrifice was made for the sake of the real happiness. Similarly, the Nightingale is ready to sacrifice his life for love believing that this is the most precious thing in the world, even more precious than life. At the end of the story, the Nightingale is ready to die to make the Student happy and have the heed of his beloved. At the end, both protagonists realize that appearances are deceptive and that jewelries are not worth a thing as compared to real values, such as love and happiness. Both narrations disclose Wilde’s conception of “art for art’s sake”, but in different ways. In the first case, the Happy Prince neglects his beauty because it does not make him happy. He realizes that the precious stones can help a young playwright create a masterpiece and, therefore, he is ready to sacrifice his beauty for the art’s sake. In the second story, the Nightingale’s passion and devotedness also advocates the idea of art for art’s sake. She presses her breast on thorn until the most beautiful rose is born and recognizes that Love and Beauty are worth of dying for. The story reveals to an extent the concept of moral aestheticism advocated by Oscar Wilde. In particular, his fairy tales depict the main characteristics of the English society, the problem of the rich and the poor, as well as different characters and prototypes that disguise specific people. The stories, therefore, reveal the idea that people using fairy tales help him render the most problematic issues of his time.
Introduction The issue to be considered is transgender bathroom rights since this problem is urgent and requires discussion. As a comparison of opinions, two conflicting positions will be presented. Archibald (2016) supports the initiation of the separation of bathrooms by the person’s ideas concerning his or her gender. In the paper by Rudin, Ruane, Ross, Farro, and Billing (2014), the authors oppose this idea and provide arguments against such a decision. Authors’ Research Question In both articles, the subject of the study is the right of transgenders to access bathrooms according to the preferences of these people. The research question is the following: should transgenders be allowed to use bathrooms according to their preferences? All the arguments are based on this discussion and touch directly on this topic. Hypotheses Archibald (2016) claims that the government should allow transgenders to have access to the bathrooms of the type that they prefer. Rudin et al. (2014) note that the majority of the population surveyed against such measures, which allows talking about the illegitimacy of such innovations. The positions of the authors are the opposite, and both opinions should be considered to make appropriate conclusions. Statistical Information As Archibald (2016) remarks, all the fifty US states had “the right to have a same-sex marriage” in 2015 (p. 1). However, according to Rudin et al. (2014), “only 27 percent of students recommended unisex bathrooms” (p. 724). Also, 194 businesses took part in the latter research, which the proof of high social activity (Rudin et al., 2014, p. 724). All these data are trustworthy as they are documented and confirm the difference in opinions and the relevance of the issue under analysis. Measures to Improve the Credibility To improve the credibility of the findings, it is possible, for instance, to cite the real answers of people who took part in the polls and voted for or against the analyzed innovation. Also, to describe in detail the views of the government concerning this issue would also be the right decision. Thus, Archibald (2016) mentions the position of the Federal Government, but Rudin et al. (2014) do not provide appropriate information. The Use of the Findings Some of the research findings may need to be used to review the positions of legislation. For example, a large percentage of people against the legalization of transgender bathroom rights cast doubt on the legitimacy of such an innovation. Also, despite the government’s point of view, this issue can cause serious social disagreements, and riots and rallies can erupt. Therefore, all the opinions should be taken into account in the decision-making process. Personal Response When talk
Introduction `A network is a system linking a group of people or things by maintaining a continuous contact between them sufficiently. In the information technology, a net work is created when two or more computers are interconnected by configuring them into a common communication system. According to Tamara (4), computer networks can either be private or public, depending on the type of configuration in the network. Public networks are configured with Public Internet Protocol, making them ‘visible’ to other connections outside the network. On the other hand, private networks are constructed as ‘private’, which makes them invisible to the other outside networks. It is important to note that, the historical development of networks springs from the year1950 in military radar systems and commercial airlines corollary. This paper presents a critical discussion on purpose of networks and their implication in the currently globalized society. It has been revealed that, networks are essential communication facilitators between two or more virtual individuals. Following the massive technological advancement in the contemporary society, networks are becoming part of li
Introduction   * Small manufacturing company;   * Founded in 1994;   * CEO – David Dukakis;   * Specializes in computer components;   * High-quality, specialized equipment;   * Sells its own products;   * Small customer base;   * Operates in the US and Asia;   * Faces financial difficulties;   * Employees are dissatisfied (Gusdorf, 2011). Purpose of the Presentation   * Conduct SWOT analysis for PAC Resources, Inc.   * Propose a range of recommendations meant to add value to different areas of work.   * Describe the way, in which the company can institutionalize best practices.   * Design and recommend HR “so that” statement.   * Justify the recommendations.   * Summarize findings and make a conclusion. SWOT Analysis Strengths   * Growth and strong revenue;   * Stable management;   * High-quality products made in the US;   * Patents for specialty components. Weaknesses   * Unethical behavior;   * Poor benefits package;   * Bad communication between the employees and managers;   * Reluctance to change. Opportunities   * Enter new markets;   * Enhance employee morale;   * Provide needed training;   * Improve employee productivity. Threats   * Unionization;   * Lawsuits;   * Reduction in sales;   * Economic downturn. Recommendations   * Improve the compensation system.   * Plan and facilitate training programs for all managers.   * Implement staff meetings. Compensation System   * Employees are dissatisfied;   * Expensive;   * Led to cost-cutting;   * Possible lawsuits:       + Increase employee satisfaction;       + Save costs;       + Reduce the number of issues;       + Increase promotion level;       + Prevent abuse of power. Currently, the employees of PAC Resources, Inc. are not satisfied with the complex compensation system that is implemented, and the organization faces a range of difficulties because of it. The creation of the merit bonus plan was an attempt to to link compensation to actual results in the early years, but now it turned out to be an expensive giveaway that creates employee anxiety. Benefits became increasingly expensive over time, which means that they worsen the financial state of the company. Every piece of the package is under scrutiny for cost effectiveness, and cost-cutting is given. There is even a possibility that a salary freeze will be needed. In this way, promotion level is greatly reduced. One of the e-mails also reveals that the employees are not completely aware of the peculiarities of the compensation system. Some issues are even likely to lead to lawsuits, as they are perceived as inequities. Unfortunately, managers tend to pay no attention to the worker’s claims until they turn into lawsuits and believe that the employees are constantly dissatisfied without any reason. They consider the situation only from the organizational perspective and use their power to promote themselves. Thus, PAC should reconsider its compensation system to make it more beneficial for both personnel and company. Improvement in compensation and benefits will increase employee satisfaction, and make them more willing to work. In order to implement best practices in this area, changes should be managed. F
There is sufficient reason to think that the two-nucleotide code evolved to form the current triplet genetic code. With this in mind, one can conclude that the number of amino acids was slightly less than the current 20 because the two nucleotide codes could constitute only 16 amino acids. Sixteen possible combinations of the four nucleotide bases of the DNA would give rise to the 16 amino acids. Therefore, it posits that the ancient primitive proteins constituted fewer amino acids encoded by the two-nucleotide code. Furthermore, deletion or insertion mutation experiments of one or two nucleotides into a gene formed no protein (Frank & Froese, 2018). However, the reading frame of the mRNA got restored once a third nucleotide was deleted or inserted. Nonetheless, the current triplet genetic code entails 64 codons encoding for the twenty amino acids. The genetic code is termed degenerate, where a single amino acid can specify more than one codon. Each codon specifies a single amino acid, while the amino acids can have more than two codons. For instance, tryptophan and methionine have a single codon each except for UGA, UAG, and UAA termination codons. Isoleucine has three codons, valine, threonine, and glycine, proline, and alanine have four codons. Arginine, serine, and leucine have six codons, and the remaining nine amino acids have two codons (Frank & Froese, 2018). The genetic code’s degeneracy feature helps prove that in ancient times, there was a two-nucleotide code that translated into the 16 amino acids in primitive proteins. The first two bases of each codon have greater specificity than the third. The connection between the mRNA and tRNA anticodon of the first two bases is often st
Case Scenario Jon Snow, a 16-year-old male, has made a purchase of a pack of e-cigarettes from a store in Miami, Florida. The e-cigarettes had a menthol flavor to them. On his way home, a patrol officer spotted Jon smoking an e-cigarette and requested to inspect it. Upon inspection, he confiscated it based on Bill S. 3319, also referred to as Stopping Appealing Flavors in E-Cigarettes for Kids Act, or SAFE Kids Act, according to which the distribution of cigarettes with any flavor other than the natural tobacco flavor is prohibited. Upon returning to the store, Jon Snow demanded his money back. His request was refused, as he could not return the goods to the shop. A lawsuit was initiated by Jon’s parents, demanding compensation not only for the pack of e-cigarettes but also for moral damages associated with this activity. Issue There are two issues in this case scenario. The first issue is whether or not the store owners were guilty of violating the SAFE Kids Act. The second issue is whether Jon Snow is entitled to compensation or not, as he was sold goods that were deemed illegal by Florida police authorities, and was deprived of them, thus preventing their usage. It is likely that the Court would rule in favor of the store being guilty of violating the SAFE Kids Act, and basing off that decision, but is unlikely to grant Jon Snow the compensation for being misled by those who sold him the e-cigarettes. Rule Explanation The two rules that come into play in this case scenarios are the S. 3319 SAFE Kids Act, and section 501.142 of Florida Statutes, title XXXIII, Regulation of Trade, Commerce, and Solicitations, Chapter 501 – Consumer protection. According to the SAFE Kids Act, “a tobacco product that is not a cigarette, or any component, part, or accessory of such a product, shall not contain, as a constituent (including a smoke or aerosol constituent) or additive, an artificial or natural flavor” (“S. 3319,” 2018). This means that no flavors outside of natural tobacco are allowed. Section 501.142 (1) of Florida Statutes (2018), on the other hand, states that “every retail sales establishment offering goods for sale to the general public that offers no cash refund, credit refund, or exchange of merchandise must post a sign so stating at the point of sale.” However, Section 501.142 (2) adds to the following definition: “The provisions of this section shall not apply to … goods which cannot be resold by the merchant because of any law, rule, or regulation adopted by a governmental body” (“The 2018 Florida Statutes,” 2018). The rule explains the procedures upon which a retailer is not obligated to refund a customer. Application In this matter, both selling e-cigarettes by the store and purchasing them by Jon Snow violate the SAFE Kids Act, as they were made with menthol flavor, which is explicitly prohibited by the bill. However, at the same time, section 501.142 (2) denies any compens
Developmental stages depicted by the main characters in the film The film “The Breakfast Club” tells the story of five students who have developed different stereotypes (Hughes, 1985). One of the developmental stages depicted by these characters is Sigmund Freud’s “Adolescence to Adulthood Stage.” During this development stage, “the teenager experiences a re-emergence of sexual opinions and interests” (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2012, p. 48). Erik Erikson refers to this stage as the “Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Diffusion Stage.” The person becomes aware of his or her social roles (Feldman, 2013). As well, the adolescent might fail to identify the appropriate parts in his or her life. What was realistic and unrealistic about the movie’s portrayal of the stages? The movie’s portrayal of the stages is realistic. As the film depicts, adolescents are concerned with their image. The individuals ponder the activities and roles they might play as adults (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2012). As well, adolescents want to establish boundaries and redefine their world. This also plays a critical role in “a teenage rebellion against their parents and authority figures” (Shaffer, 2008, p. 58). For example, Andrew Clark explains why he hates his father (Hughes, 1985). Most of the characters in the film have developed strained relationships with their parents. The students also realize they are similar to each other. This explains why (and how) adolescents rebel against any authority. They also form their stereotypes about the world around them (Feldman, 2013). The film portrays Allison Reynolds as a pathological liar (Hughes, 1985). Andrew Clark appears to have a strained relationship with his father. Brian Johnson is someone who has contemplated suicide (Hughes, 1985). The film explains how the characters are afraid of making mistakes. The characters befriend one another and even kiss. Teenagers also make “uninformed decisions because they face different challenges in their lives” (Shaffer, 2008, p. 74). However, the film’s portrayal of John Bender is unrealistic (Hughes, 1985). For example, Bender is a criminal and has an antagonistic relationship with the teacher. Every drug addict will develop a strained relationship with his teachers or parents. Effects of the film on society’s view of these stages of development The society’s view of the stages of development is critical because it helps its members address most of the challenges affecting the youth. The film’s depiction of the stages of human development can help p