ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Driving Forces Bargaining power of customers . The bargaining power of customers is a driving force for the industry as it forces companies to invent new product lines and designs to remain competitive as well as implement new strategies and trainings to gain more appropriate skills. Moreover, shifts in customers’ preferences can be observed when a company loses its leading positions in the industry or is not able to sustain its competitive advantage over its rivals. New entries . The threat of new entries that may potentially become competitive can be considered another driving force that forces companies that operate within the industry to move further in terms of new technologies implementation, new strategies applied to the company’s management, research, and development. In this respect, the development of the industry happens due to threats of new entries and changes in bargaining power of customers. Intensity of competitive rivalry . The intensity of competitive rivalry as well as threat of new entries and increasing bargaining power of customers are the major driving forces for the industry of luxurious goods because companies that operate within it have to make adequate decisions to change their strategies with regard to changing technologies, customers’ preferences and needs, and other threats that may alter the longitudinal plans of the company for the next 1-3 years. Key Success Factors Brand building skills . If a company that operates in the market of luxurious goods is not capable of implementing training and developing core competencies necessary for building of brand, this company would not remain competitive for a long period of time because the brand building skills can be considered one of the key success factors for this industry and every company that wants to succeed in it should develop those skills. Competitive design . Competitive and recognizable design of goods manufactured under a certain brand should be used to promote this brand as well as goods manufactured under it to succeed in the industry. In other words, new designs should be aimed at gaining acknowledgement and preference of customers. Moreover, designs should help customers to differentiate between goods manufactured by this and that brand and make distinctions easier with regard to certain cues used by each brand to remain unique. Convenient retail locations . Convenient location of retail stores is another key success factor for the industry of luxurious goods because all categories that were p
Introduction Increased human populations and growing environmental concerns have challenged conventional wisdom regarding urban planning and urban development. Consequently, many governments support the adoption of smart ways of development. Saudi Arabia is one place where the adoption of smart developmental ways has gained currency. This paper explores the adoption of smart ways in the city planning and urban development of Saudi Arabia by explaining the concept of city planning and the development of new cities. These new cities compare with old cities to identify the challenges and solutions of “old city” problems. This work proposes a series of recommendations to identify possible methods for solving some of these challenges. Background What is City Planning? City planning is both a technical and political process that involves the organization and planned development of communities and urban centers. This process grew from disorderly developments that characterized urban growth in the 19 th century (Yigitcanlar, 2009). Because city planning is a broad exercise, several disciplines are involved in the process, including architecture, strategic planning, and urban design (among others). How to create a New City Khalaf (2012) says “there once was a time when designing new cities was one of the most ambitious and urgent tasks for any urban designer and planner” (p. 27). However, with the onset of the 20 th century, there has been a rapid development of new ideas and concepts for the development of new cities and urban planning. In fact, the proliferation of new ideas and concepts regarding the construction of new cities led to the development of new technocratic and ideological articles that similarly led to the development of new cities and towns around the world (Khalaf, 2012). Most new cities have an articulate planning schedule, right from their inception to their execution. New cities contrast with old cities because old cities developed in an unplanned manner. Today, new cities have a specific concept in mind. For example, sustainability is an important concept informing the construction of new cities (Mezher, 2010). In fact, some governments construct cities with the concept of sustainability as their main motivation. This concept developed through the careful consideration of social, economic, and environmental concepts in urban planning as described below. Figure 1: Sustainability (Source: IZR, 2012) The world is littered with many examples of sustainable cities, but a key example is Masdar city in Abu Dhabi, which started in 2008 (Mezher, 2010). A key feature for modern city planners who are engaged in modern city planning is energy use. For example, the use of “clean” technology is becoming an important factor in the construction of new cities because city planners now appreciate the importance of embracing new and sustainable technology for driving new cities (Mezher, 2010).
In the following paper I have my goal to discuss the way Augustus Caesar marble portrait reveals his outstanding personal qualities as I believe that Roman portraits represent both the person’s appearance and inner world. Roman ruler’ portraits had the very important objective of bringing the impressive massage of Caesar’s powerful identity and his achievements. Here I will discuss August Caesar marble portrait of ca. A.D. 14–37 from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. I have my goal to examine the way the portrait reveals the features communicating a message of the ruler’s glory and divine nature. To examine Augustus portray I believe it is important to mention some facts from his biography so that to be able to analyze his personality depicted in marble in the light of historical facts and thus have a better understanding of the artist depicting Augustus. Speaking about August Caesar I think the first fact to be mentioned is that he is considered to be the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He ruled from 27 BC until 14 AD when he died. He played a dramatic role in organizing the regime in Roman Empire which lasted for about fifteen hundred years until its fall in 1453. August used his absolute power in a wise and moderate way and has made the Roman Empire blessed with all the benefits in the world. And this was achieved despite long hard years of extremely severe and cruel civil and international wars. Augustus did not possess the genius of Julius Caesar; however he had unique planning abilities and was very skilled in using all the possible means in accomplishing his plans. He had a great respect towards sciences, even was the poet himself and has initiated the whole epoch of remarkable flourishing of science and art. All these outstanding achievements make Augustus a remarkable person in Rome’s history and encourage multitudes of men of art to praise his glorious entity. Here are the words of praise by Vergil for example: Let now your visionary glance look long On this your race, these your Romans. Here Caesar, of Iulus’ glorious seed, Behold ascending to the world of l
Executive Summary The government of Australia has embarked on Massive campaigns against tobacco consumption. It undertakes these functions through a number of government controlled organisations and civil society. The aim of the government is to influence and facilitate the change of behaviour in its citizens to one that condemn taking of tobacco products. Changing people’s behaviour is a psychological approach which must be undertaken like consumer persuasion mechanisms used in business environments. To reduce the use of tobacco takes two angles; change of people behaviour and selling of anti tobacco products. The government has recognised the need for change of behaviour as well as sell its products and is using a social marketing approach to attain its targets. This paper looks into how marketers and government can apply consumer behavioural theories to reduce tobacco use in Australia. The focus will be on Social marketing. What is social marketing? There are a number of dangers brought about by tobacco consumption. Despite campaigns and efforts put by the government to control tobacco use the use has been on the rise. Campaigns against its use have taken a drastic change to accommodate marketing methodologies which can be referred to as de-marketing policies. In this approach anti-tobacco campaigns are on a higher level that the traditional mass campaigns where people were persuaded to change their behaviour but actions were not following the adverts. In modern social marketing for tobacco products, the focus is on 4marketing mix strategy. This is an approach from marketing of business oriented products but it has been seen that it is applicable in these campaigns. 4Ps means Product, price, promotion and place. The following are the objectives of a social campaigning approach;   * Smoking prevention   * Guiding smokers how to quit the vice   * Protecting secondary smokers and   * Where practicable, to reduce smoking associated harm. It aims to attain this strategy by   * Enlightening users on the dangers that they are posing to their bodies when they use tobacco   * Encourage users to quit using these products.   * developed a quitting process and increase understanding of the quitting process, and   * Enhance treatments and services to those who are already using the products. For a number of years World Health Organization and the International Union Against Cancer (URIC) has been concerned on the use of Tobacco among the people, it pointed out the dangers that consumption of the same have on the users and on partial smokers. The two international organizations are of the opinion that if appropriate measures are put in place, then tobacco consumption can be reduced (World Health Organization, 2003) Government regulations and consumer behaviour Marketing demography The government of Australia has put in place different measures aimed at reducing the use of tobacco products. The approach i
Helvetica was developed in the year 1957, by a great designer named Max Miedinger with a contribution from Edouard Hoffmann. It is a broadly used sans-serif typeface in the whole world. Akzidenz Grotesk and other German and Swiss designs greatly influenced Helvetica. Helvetica has quite a long history. It gained its popularity in the 20th century due to the hard work of Swiss designers. The Helvetica typeface is one of the most prominent typefaces in the world. It has been used for every communication process. It is global because it works excellent. Helvetica’s popularity in society is explained by the fact that this typeface assists in the reading process owing to the simplicity of the design. A film is known as Helvetica on YouTube, which largely reflects on typography, and graphic design has been developed. This film reflects on the spread of one typeface as a part of a greater dialogue about its effect on everybody’s day to day life. The film assesses built-up spaces in the main cities and the population that lives within them. The film draws our attention to the design, advertising, psychology, and communication and, thus, makes us appreciate thousands of words that we come across in our daily endeavors. Helvetica is a modification of the typeface with a more structurally integrated set of heights and widths, improved legibility, punctuation marks, and spacing in numbers. Helvetica typeface is everywhere, it spells out tax forms, labels, street signs, and company logos. Nowadays we live in a media-saturated atmosphere that exposes us to a daily stream of information. Helvetica has many fans but not everybody is a fan because some people find it dull and boring. Many people are seen to complain about the font. This is greatly reflected in many users of google chrome who are complaining, especially on the font size. Many people are actually trying to find some means to rectify the problem, with some methods being more successful while others being less. This is also present on YouTube, where some people are seen to complain of the typography known as Helvetica neue. It is important to note that the font is entirely used on YouTube to display the options and categories present. But in essence, Helvetica is seen as a simple clear typeface that represents the word it spells out. It is important to acknowledge that Helvetica is a true work of art. Many hands drawn fonts have been created in an effort to replace Helvetica. This was especially done by postmodernists in 1970s and 80s who tried to create something less boring and, thus, came up with several hand drawn fonts which they saw as being more expressive and honest. In conclusion, Helvetica is a true work of art that has transformed communication through lettering. Just like it is common in most text books, street signs and advertising literature, it is also present on YouTube. It is present also in almost all the electronic communication media such as mobile phones. Therefore, it is paramount to realise the weight and simplicity of the letters which this font displays. It simply draws one
Introduction The confrontation between tradition and change comes out well in the collection Women writing in India. The collection contains various views on the theme change as presented by various women authors. This paper will examine the outstanding features of the tradition and the change as presented in the collection. The paper also brings out the effect that change has on the protagonists. An analysis is made on how both men and women respond to change and who between men and women responds better to the changes. The Theme of Change It is worth mentioning that the collection of short stories in the book Women writing in India is one big representation of the theme of change. It is a representation of the change because it assists to bring out the talent that women possess, which was initially (before the age of learning institutions) not recognized. The collection is true evidence of the ingenuity that women posses; a potential which has been trampled down by male chauvinists. Going through the stories in this collection, one gets to view the society from a different perspective. It was quite appropriate that the authors did not engage in any kind gender modification to represent women as better than men; such an action could have dispelled the authenticity of the application of the stories in the society. The stories are a true replica of the society with no unnecessary delineation, which could have depicted the society as it was not. It is evident that the authors in this collection had embraced to write about change as it had seemingly set them free. This, however, is not an indication that the authors had depicted tradition in bad light. It can be argued that the authors had technically juxtaposed tradition and change thus leaving it to the readers to point out the good and bad element of both the tradition and the change. The authors were very observant of the changes that were taking place in the society, especially those which touched on the liberation of women. Some of the authors who stood out well in representing the change in their stories are examined below. Razia Sajjad Zaheer Razia Sajjad Zaheer was well educated; she acquired a master’s degree. She was married to a husband who shared the same interest as her and was an activist. It is alleged that he spent half the years he was married to Razia Sajjad Zaheer in prison. Nevertheless, they kept on communicating despite the geographical gap that existed between them. Razia wrote many stories and the one which was captured in the collection was titled Neech, which meant low born . Using this story, Razia presented in an exceedingly powerful manner a huge conflict between the tradition and change. She juxtaposed dominant elements of tradition and change in a very amazing manner. Shymali was the daredevil who changed the tradition. To Sultan, who had developed an admiration for Shyamali, this was beyond reality, it was lunacy. The tradition was that, husbands were very precious and in the words of S
Introduction: Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning (STP) as an Integral Part of Marketing Although often underrated by general audiences, the subject of marketing is very complex, and the strategies used by companies to promote their brand are quite intricate. Understanding the reasons for these approaches to have the tremendous positive effect by which they can currently be characterised is critical to the overall promotion of progress within the specified area. By deconstructing the essential elements of marketing in the contemporary economic environment, one will be able to delineate a common trend and suggest options for enhancing the existing marketing process. As a result, opportunities for improving the framework for catering to customers’ needs will be provided. In this paper, a general overview of the STP concept will be provided and then followed by the most notable examples of STP in the current global economic setting. Specifically, several industries will be considered during the analysis to study the use of different STP frameworks when deployed in different environments. The exploration of the current trends in STP will shed light on the effects that social, political, cultural, technological, and environmental trends have on the choices made by organisations functioning in the global market. The paper will end with the provision of recommendations for the specified companies and the summary of key insights into the subject matter. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to study the challenges that modern organisations face when developing their STP frameworks, as well as the opportunities that they pursue to build a strong and sustainable competitive advantage. Although it is critical for each company to design its own inimitable framework for establishing a 4Ps-based approach, the analysis of the existing successes will point to the directions in which organisations may need to develop their STP. By being capable to break the mould and introduce innovative STP tools that allowed showcasing their advantages, the companies such as Volkswagen, Coca-Cola, and JetBlue managed to create the public image that attracted a large number of people and, thus made them easily relatable to the selected demographic. STP: Exploring the Concepts and Locating the Connections between Them The STP framework itself is rather basic and, therefore, quite simple to follow. As the title suggests, it consists of three key elements, specifically, Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. The decision to combine the specified notions to construct a single entity is justified by the intrinsic interdependence within the specified constituents. Particularly, all of the three elements are supposed to be attributed to specific characteristics of t
Introduction Enlightenment is termed as the man’s ability to use sense without influence from another or the man’s ability to reason which is in most cases self- incurred. Some authors have been characterized by their ardent desire to deny the power experienced through enlightenment. They are much against it since its conception in the seventeenth century. Therefore, Enlightenment as a process has faced mixed reactions from different people from different places. Most of the European writers have been for the idea while German writers on the other hand have opposed the idea terming it as beneficial to some people and detrimental to others. The three by-words of the Enlightenment are Reason that is a belief that employs common sense or reason that the world would improve; Autonomy, which is a belief that people would realize freedom and natural rights and Progress, which is a belief that the future would be better and better. This paper gives some of the authors that have challenged the process of Enlightenment and their views as far as Enlightenment is concerned. What Enlightenment entails Enlightenment is in various ways the defining cerebral question of our time. It is a major component of our cultural and intellectual tradition even as we put our feet forward to advance our knowledge in schools as we enhance self worth and proclaim self-liberty. Many have written on ways to overcome Enlightenment terming it as a bad omen to their societies by providing vituperative criticism of the Enlightenment. Examples include Friedrich who fights foot and nail to crucify the works of authors like Descartes and Kant, just to mention but a few. Concerning reason, science and even human progress, Descartes and Darwin showed sincere faith by promoting the same in their scholarly works. Mill and Rousseau on the other hand had their positive focus on freedom and liberty. All of these were for Enlightenment, which Nietzsche opposed greatly. He was stoutly opposed to the ideas of the elites and stood firmly on his ground to defend his ideologies to an extent that they held much water to be watered down with ease by other authors of the time. Friedrich on Enlightenment The principles indispensable for the Enlightenment as far as Friedrich is concerned are that human beings are rational beings capable of existing primarily on their own without any help from any supernatural being like God. Back in the eighteenth century, people knew power in terms of reason. If any was to reason and make their own decision then they had power. This was a unifying factor back in the days and called for criticism as far as universal reasoning was concerned from Friedrich. It had a great impact on the nature of science and politics. It is evident that if all used their reason without fear, then anything opposing their decisions would have no power other than to submit to their authority. This applies too in the political arena where if people were to use reason, they would achieve the best that politics would ever have in store for any generation. This would mean autonomy and freedom from oppression. There