ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Workplace stress is a depression resulting from an interaction of a person to his/her work environment leading to an inability to balance work with other aspects of life and attracting systematic building up of a negative response emotionally. Causes of stress, thus referred to as stressors are elements or circumstances leading a person to anticipate a feeling of exceeding psychological and physical demands on ability to comfortably cope up with the situation. Though difficult to explain a definite cause, stressors mostly are associated with certain occupations like policing where fear of recurring violence, emotional repugnant scene or unstable work shifts constantly create an imbalance in the emotions and thoughts. Besides, it is also associated with physical factors at work place like heat, cold, excessive noisy environment and physiological aspects destabilizing body balance such as limited recuperating interval between work shifts. In addition, unrealistic deadlines among other excessive demanding works and personal cognitive factors inclusive of health issues, relationship, and inability to adjust to prevailing climatic order are also associated with stress (Schneider, Chung, &Yusko 1993). Stress in practicality is such a complex phenomena and it is very rare for two or more individuals to undergo through it the same way in the work environment. According to arousal motivation theory, each victim seems to display a unique sign for onset of stress and should such an individual remain silent on his/her stress, then the employer may not be in a position to know in order to assist with an alternative solution. Employer may eventually learn of the same only if in the structure of such an organization has confidence oriented systems for reassuring the victims of a comprehensive solution. As the bucket model theory asserts, stress matures up upon complete drainage of a person’s bank of personal resilience as a result of work conflicts, unfavorable working conditions, and emotionally straining assignments outweighing supportive relationships, interesting works, rest and good health. In order to control disastrous levels of stress, regulators are constantly needed (Schneider, Chung, &Yusko, 1993, p.56). Though life is meaningless without challenges, balance between rest and stimulation is necessary.Goodness or bad state of stress is dependent on the victim tolerance and subsequent recovery period. Prolonged depression has serious negative influence in work and life of a person. With time if successfully handled, stress may turn into a monotonous habit ending up stressing the victim. In addition to work environment causes, second job, family problems or physical health may increase levels of depression when combined with work related challenges. As a remedy, at every stage of workforce development, an employer is advisable to set up simple practical strategies to get to know and “offer solutions to employee’s artificial impairment before it generates into a workplace risk or harm” (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2009, p.47). Tolerance levels for stress is dependent of the interest attached to a work, supp
Introduction In the world of print media, the external environment surrounding any given organization or media house is very significant to its operations and general existence. Women are known to be very fashion-savvy hence any lack of relevant information in the world of women’s fashion may mean a lack of business to this firm in particular. As an executive sales and marketing officer, I have been assigned the role of researching to find out the external factors that affect our operations as the printers and publishers of “Modern Diva”, a women’s weekly magazine. Apart from the internal environment that relates to the management of the organization itself, the general external environment determines the policies that the organization is going to adapt in making day-to-day decisions. This paper discusses the external environment of the magazine. External environment An external environment in this context does not involve the physical surroundings literally but rather the relevant business environment of the organization. The environment may impact the business positively or negatively depending on the relationship. The best way to capture the influence of the external environment on any business entity is to carry out the PEST analysis test based on facts alone to give the test credibility. (David and George, 2004) PEST analysis test The word PEST is an acronym for various factors as follows  1. Political,  2. Economic,  3. Socio-cultural  4. Technological factors. The test is aimed at looking at the various factors and how they influence the organization’s operations. Recommendations are also made to counter the negative effects of the factors or to fully utilize the benefits facilitated by any of the factors. All these factors are not constant as they keep on changing from time to time and thus this test should be carried out continuously to channel information to all aspects of planning. (David and George, 2004) Political factors Politics in a given region or country determine the absence or presence of war or peace in the most basic terms. Government policies on various issues also have a direct effect on the performance of the magazine in the market or the organization itself. In the most literal terms, a war interrupts almost every sector of the economy in that business firms cannot carry on their operations without fear of their staff and investments’ security. In our case, the project of going international with the distribution of the magazine will be affected in that it would be expected that our distributors may close down their businesses thus hampering with the circulation and sales in case of war in the new market. Another aspect is the government’s policy on taxation, view on religion and culture, marketing ethics, economic performance, and trading regulations. Of the mentioned issues taxation is most significant since it has a direct effect on the profits of the organization. Taxation may be directed to the company itself or the input materials of the company such as paper and printing machines. In th
Introduction There are several countries that have many racial denominations today. It appears that there are tremendous differences between various cultures and parts of the world regarding the treatment of racial minorities. The following paper is indeed to describe and explain how people with black skin or other uncommon races are perceived and respected by native populations of some territories. Comparison and Contrast This paragraph will compare and contrast how races have been constructed in two different cultures. The two nations chosen for the comparison are the United States of America and the Dominican Republic. As almost every person in the world knows, America is the most loyal country in the world, where people do not base their opinions about the social statuses of other citizens by looking at their skin colors anymore. In turn, people from the Dominican Republic classify humans with black skin in many different categories (Moreton-Robinson, 2015). Unfortunately, this classification also influences the way these people may be treated by society. Inhabitants of the developing country are divided into such skin color categories like coffee, chocolate, cinnamon, wheat, indigo, rosy, faded, blond, fair, dark, and ashen. In turn, Americans with any shades of dark skin would be referred to as black (Moreton-Robinson, 2015). Moreover, there are not many racial denominations in the USA as all the cultural minorities are generalized (Chinese and Japanese are Asians, immigrants from Mexico and other countries situated nearby are Hispanics, whereas almost all white people are known as Caucasians). Similarities and Differences As it is mentioned above, there are not many similarities between Americans and people from the Dominican Republic regarding their relations to races. It appears that the latter country’s territories are still important for the global economy and export of such products as cocoa, coffee, sugar, and tobacco that are sold on the international market at high prices today. Therefore, many individuals from poor African Commonwealths and some Arab states prefer to come here to earn money. Hence, the number of different “races” has been increasing in the Dominican Republic within the last several centuries (Moreton-Robinson, 2015). The main similarity between this country and the USA is the fact that slavery was a common practice in both of these territories. Spain was once in the rule of its neighboring state, where white people were allowed to buy as many slaves as they wished – it all depended on the sum of money they offered. In turn, Americans had the opportunity to do the same with African immigrants (sometimes, even Indians, the native population of the continent, could be seen serving Europeans). However, there are many differences between the United States of America and the Dominican Republic regarding local inhabitants’ relations to different races. For instan
Introduction Any literary work is a reflection of what is happening in the society. Authors normally voice their opinion about issues affecting the society through various themes. The poem, Hymn to Aphrodite, by Sappho is skilfully written and addresses various issues in the society. The poem explores relevant themes, which makes it appealing to readers on the themes of love, war, and the supernatural power. These themes are closely linked together through analysis of Martin Litchfield West’s translation. Thus, this reflective treatise analyses the poem composed by Sappho on the significance of the era of composition and the bigger picture intended by the poet. Critical analysis The poem, Hymn to Aphrodite, refers to a piece drafted by Sappho. The poem was composed several centuries back. The era of composition can be dated back to the period between the seventh century BCE and the sixth century CE (West, 2008). The poem was one of the premium poems by Sappho, who was one of the greatest renowned poets in the ancient Greek civilization. The poem exposes the themes of love, life, and religion. The main theme is appeal for mercy in order to avoid love rejection. Love is an obsession in the life of this society. Ironically, Sappho paints the affluent goddess as a merciful lady with a big physique to withstand the realities of the love arrows. He asserts, “For though she flee, soon she’ll be chasing; though she refuse gifts, she’ll be giving ” (West, 2008, stanza 5). This appeal forms the foundation of moral belief as a solution to the plague of love (Hunh & Kiefer, 2005). Severally, the poem points at the society as a vacillating unit, that appears confused as the social disparities widen. Besides, Sappho is a distrustful and bitter loner who has astringent hatred towards the effects of the love desire (Harding & Doumerc, 2007). To affirm the bad feeling, his poetry adopts a sombre mood in displaying loyalty to the goddess as the best revenge against abnormal circumstances that knock indiscriminately in the direction of anyone seeking romance (Obsidian Dream, 2014). This poem described how love strikes when least expected. In the third stanza, Sappho expressed how he would be devoted to the goddess in dedicating indefinite quantity of time to beg for revival since the high and mighty in the society has no control. He asserts, “ scheming daughter of Zeus, I pray you, with pain and sickness, Queen, crush not my heart, but come, if ever in the past you” ( West, 2008, stanza 2 ). Apparently, Sappho would use much time to esteem every organ of his body towards romantic endeavours. The goddess’ denial to conform to Sapp
Introduction Childhood overweight is currently a significant health challenge not only in Hong Kong but also globally. In 2013 and 2014, primary school children had an overweight prevalence of 20% while that of secondary school children was 19.5% (Chan & Wang, 2013). Eating habits that encourage the consumption of fast foods, which possess high calories and fats, poor nutritional values, and high sodium intake, entail a major trend that explains the increased prevalence of the problem among young children in Hong Kong’s pre-school setting. For example, Yoshinoya, Jollibee, KFC, and McDonald’s among other fast-food companies have stores across Hong Kong. Other risk factors for overweight include physical inactivity, especially during school hours, highly demanding academic-based curriculum, family-specific factors, and general misconceptions. Risk factors for overweight among young children are modifiable by contextual and environmental factors, including availing healthy foods in their recommended proportions. This paper argues that communities, families, and schools have a major role to play in the management of overweight among Hong Kong’s school-going children. Analysis of the Possible Causes Overweight and obesity refer to a condition of extreme and anomalous accumulation of fats that threaten one’s health. Hong Kong’s Center for Health Protection (2017) informs that obesity arises from an imbalance between the calories that people take in and the amount that the body manages to burn. The use of reference charts entails one of the ways of determining whether a child is overweight or not. Published by the World Health Organization (2017), the charts compare weight and height in a manner that any weight that is 20% higher relative to the median or mean value implies that a child is overweight. As shown in Graphs 1 and 2, boys and girls have different charts for determining whether they are overweight or not. Alternatively, one can measure a child’s stature and weight to compute the Body Mass Index (BMI). In this case, if the quotient of weight in kilograms and the measured height in square meters is two (2) standard deviations higher than the World Health Organization’s median for growth standards as shown in Graphs 3 and 4, the child is regarded as overweight. A value greater than three (3) standard deviations of the WHO median for standard growth indicates that a child is obese. Graph 1: Weight-for–Height (Girls 2 to 5 years (Z-scores)) Graph 2: Weight-for–Height (Boys 2 to 5 years (Z-scores)) Graph 3: BMI-for-Age (Boys Birth to 5 years (Z-Scores) BMI-for-Age (Girls Birth to 5 years (Z-Scores) Overweight and Obesity have different causes. Alongside the increased rates of overweight and obesity among school-going children in Hong Kong, there is a rising infiltration of western world’s fast food culture. Families in Hong Kong are exposing kids to more energy and starchy take-away foods from home and fast food eateries (Zhang, Zhai, Du, & Popkin, 2014). Such restaurants form an important source of food consumed by people between the age of 2 and 17 years. Zhang, Van der Lans, and Dagevos (2012) assert, “The percentage of total c
Introduction Perception Checking is generally regarded as one of the most important communication skills, which allows us to estimate the received information based on the existing knowledge and information which we possess. When applying these skills in our everyday communication, we reveal our ability to critical thinking, logical reasoning, and objective estimation of the situation. Originally, it is stated that serious problems could arise if the interpretations were treated as matters of fact by people. This paper aims to analyze the cases of perception checking on the particular examples and give all the necessary conclusions and recommendations for the proper implementation of the principle of perception checking. Directions. The role of perception checking First of all, it should be stated that the check of the made perceptions is the necessary skill for the objective estimation of the surrounding situation. The interpretations and conclusions, which may be made based on, some information is usually far from objective reality. As it is stated in Adler (2004, p. 168): Perception checking is a tool for helping you understand others accurately, instead of assuming that your first interpretation is correct. Because its goal is mutual understanding, perception checking is a cooperative approach to communication. Besides leading to more accurate perception, it minimizes defensiveness by preserving the other person’s face. Instead of saying, in effect, “I know what you’re thinking…” a perception check takes the more respectful approach that states or implies, “I know, I’m not qualified to judge you without some help.” (Adler, 2004, p. 168) Perception checking is the communication tool, which may be outlined in the following principle: Looking In and Looking Out. Originally, it cannot be regarded as a universal tool; nevertheless, it is useful enough for avoiding lots of conflicts and misconceptions in communication. If we do not use it, we subject ourselves to the subjective information, and make the further wrong conclusions. To avoid improper implementation of this tool, there is strong necessity to consider the following notion: when we resort to the tools of the perception checking, first of all we demonstrate the respect for the experience and personality of every individual we communicate with, and build the relations based on honesty and mutual integrity. We discourage ourselves from mind-reading, and thus, avoid essential mistakes, which originate from it. Moreover, this tool makes a strong feeling of confidence in the person, making this person assured that the listener cares about his or her point of view. Context Originally, perception checking is the communication tool, which encourages people to think over the circumstances, and avoid making illogical conclusions. Imaginary example may be the following: if it becomes dark in a room, people do not think that a nuclear carrying missile has just destroyed the power plant. Some may think that there is a wir
Art is what defines “people’s cultures, traditions, ideas, and moral responsibilities” (Cone 4). Good art ensures every person is contented with his or her society. Art creates the best bonds and associations among different social groups. Art also helps people embrace new ideas in order to make their societies prosperous. Every artist has a critical role to play in his or her society. Artists such as “filmmakers, architects, painters, writers, composers, and musicians contribute a lot to the glory and pride of every society” (Cone 7). These artists support the best national ideas and traditions in order to make every society successful. The practice has supported better social bonds and civic cohesions. According to Cone (14), “art helps individuals express their ideas, concepts, and feelings about the surrounding world”. Art is a powerful tool because it gives room for criticism and appreciation. Artists have always presented beautiful ideas and scenes that can make our societies successful. Artists can “encourage their followers to support the best activities and decisions in the society” (Cone 15). Artists have encouraged many individuals in the society to work hard in order to realize their potentials. Artists have always given people better ideas and incentives. People can use these concepts and practices to achieve their personal goals (“Panelists Discuss Role of Art in Changing Society” par. 3). Art helps people appreciate the power of criticism. People can use this practice to address every problem encountered in the society. Every society can use different works of art to make contextual, informed, and solid judgments. Artists use their works to portray the best moods, concepts, ideas, and feelings (“Panelists Discuss Role of Art in Changing Society” par. 5). Man
Introduction Three words define me as an individual, and they are decisive, authoritative, and goal oriented. My personal inventory takes me back to my childhood experience, whereby I always pursued power. I have always wondered why I am a goal-oriented individual focused on results. However, the responsive versus assertive graph has revealed my social identity. With a score of 18 in responsiveness and 35 on assertiveness, I am officially a control specialist, also known as a driver personality (Beebe & Mottet, 2016). Drivers have a strong will, are independent, strict, and goal-oriented. These traits reveal my true self, which is something I have sought to define for ages. This paper explains how personality traits affect communication and strategies to enhance communication across cultures, generations, and genders. Ways to Enhance Communication Effectiveness Drivers are dominant personalities who take pride in successful outcomes. As mentioned, they are pushy and severe in everything they do (Beebe & Mottet, 2016). This trait limits them from effectively communicating because their recipients may feel obliged than instructed. During my conversations, I have witnessed this occurrence because, at the end of our discussion, someone feels like I have judged them or pushed them far enough that sometimes the conversation has to end untimely. Communication alternatives that I find easy to apply are non-verbal and written communication. Within these mediums, I can display my intentions without sounding harsh or overly controlling. The personal inventory and personality graph have made me understand how to communicate effectively with people with different personality traits (Beebe & Mottet, 2016). The rules mentioned in the communication guide are essential because they focus on enhancing the verbal aspect of communication. One of the rules I have learned is communicating with individuals with contrasting personality traits such as amiable, expressive, and analytical (Beebe & Mottet, 2016). Amiable people are patient and active listeners because they grasp each word and are inoffensive in their speech. To ensure that we balance during communication, I have to be assertive and focus on the recipient’s feelings. Also, I have to slow down on my speech to ensure that the individual is listening. If the individual is an expressive person, I have to allow jokes and fun, be warm, and support the other person’s contribution (Beebe & Mottet, 2016). These communication tactics will enable my expressive recipient to feel comfortable with the conversation by creating an equitable space for expression. When conversing with an analytic person, active listening and talking straight are essent