ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the modern interconnected world, technology has a beneficial effect on business operations. Regardless of the size of the enterprise, technologies can have both tangible and intangible benefits that will help organizations gain profit and produce products and services that meet customers’ demands. Technological infrastructure influences business culture, its efficiency, as well as the relationships within entities. Besides, due to the need to exchange mass amounts of data, technologies are needed to strengthen personal information security and other trade advantages. The current business climate in Africa has been characterized by new growth markets and opportunities to build large and profitable companies. The region’s population is young, fast-growing and increasingly urbanized, with the rapid adoption of technologies making the continent a prominent arena for innovation (Leke, Chironga, & Desvaux, 2018). Therefore, it is essential to explore the role of technologies in making business in Africa due to the market’s rapid expansion and the emergence of new trends that many entrepreneurs can capture. Modern Business Climate in Africa The African business climate has faced significant challenges, which led to it being underestimated and misunderstood. There is a significant misconception that there are no companies in Africa that earn annual revenue of $1 billion or more (Leke & Signé, 2019). In reality, there are more than four hundred such companies exist and many of them, on average, are both more profitable and faster-growing in contrast to their global peers (Leke & Signé, 2019). With Africa’s fast-growing population, the business environment presents crucial opportunities for businesses in an environment of slowing global growth. Coincidentally, more significant investment and innovation from businesses is imperative for meeting Africa’s unfulfilled demand for products and services (Am et al., 2020). Besides, there is a significant need to close gaps in the region’s infrastructure, create more job opportunities and decrease the rates of poverty. Thus, there are several areas of business opportunities in key sectors that investors can consider. The actual annual GDP in Africa grew at an average rate of 5.4% between 2000 and 2010, caused by such measures as labor force and productivity growth (Leke & Signé, 2019). The slowdown in the region was associated with the 2011 Arab Spring and the 2014 fall in oil prices (Leke & Signé, 2019). However, now, Africa’s growth has recovered and has the potential to expand and bring new business opportunities. This is illustrated by the World Bank indicators, such as eight out of ten fastest-growing economies in the world in 2018 being in Africa, with Ghana leading the pack (World Bank, 2018). In addition, based on World Bank’s 2019 Doing Business Index, five out of ten most improv
In view of the fact that Cypress Garden has faced many challenges leading to its closure, it is vital for the Kent Buescher to come up with policies for its resurrection. Decision making is a vital process in every organization since it entails selection of the best course of action amid many alternatives. Taking the role of Kent Buescher, one of the best decisions making model that is appropriate in bringing Cypress Gardens to life is rationale-economic decision model. The rationale-economic decision model enables the decision maker to focus on how to implement decisions, rather than the actual implementation (Lewis et al., 2007, p.155). This model is essential in Cypress’s case because we are aware of the issues surrounding the park’s failure, including competition and poor management. According to Armelli, Sheaffer, and Halevi (2009), rationale-economic decision model has a structured and an organized approach in decision-making. The sequenced approach starts with problem identification. Thus, it is essential to identify the problems that led to Cypress Garden’s downfall – then, we can apply the problem solving skills. Asking why or why not is critical so as to bring out the problem. Information is gathered about the organization before the decision is made. Analyzing the situation in Florida is important because it is easy to answer problem solving question lists, such as what the organization wants to achieve, what it needs to find a solution, how will the situation be different from the current , where did the issue arise, who is involved, and when the organization is supposed to act. The organization is then supposed to generate several alternatives. These options are then evaluated to decide on the best of all. Similarly, the management selects the preferred alternative while looking at the future risks involved and the problems that might arise. Then the selected option is acted upon as well as allocation of resources. In this final step, it is important that the people involved in the decision-making are committed in making it work. In essence, rationale-economic decision model presents a structure and method of decision-making process to ensure that before the decision is made, there are factors to be considered in a consistent and complete manner Lewis et al., 2007, p. 156). Therefore, it would be easier to provide guidance for the managers of Cypress to help them reach an ideal outcome. Moreover, the aspects of vigilance and participative decision-making are important in this case. Asmub &
Adults have special educational needs unlike other age groups such as teens and children. This warrants an instructor or teacher to be sensitive to the way adults learn for effective application of viable educational programs. In spite of the unique identification of adult needs in education, adult learning is apparently a new area of research (Lieb, 1991). Malcolm Knowles is a pioneer in this study who identified that adults are usually self-directed, autonomously motivated, rich in knowledge and life experiences, oriented towards achieving goals, emphasize more on relevancy, practical and often need to be treated with respect (Lieb, 1991). These characteristics evidently show that adults have a self-induced need to be in control of their destinies; therefore forcing instructors and teachers to limit theory participation and compliment them to pursue projects or courses that reflect their interests. There is also a pressing need for instructors to elevate how education will supplement their goals or achieve personal growth as opposed to equipping them with facts. Unique to adult education, students are often bogged down with huge responsibilities which may include family responsibilities, work related obligations and previous educational experiences. Adults therefore feel the need to draw these experiences and merge them with the present activities they are currently engaged in. For instructors to effectively supplement this need, they are often forced to draw out the experiences of the participants and relate them to the learning knowledge; in addition to existing theories and principles for the attainment for personal gratification. Unlike other age groups, adults often exhibit the tendency of knowing what they want and often exhibit this in educational pursuits. Well organized educational programs and those that contain defined elements of study are therefore attractive to adult learners. In addition to these unique attributes, adult learners often exhibit a strong desire to understand why they are learning something. In other words, the learning experience must be in tandem to their career growth. This often forces instructors to identify specific objectives in educational goals as well as enabling the learners identify courses that reflect their career progression goals. This fact also exposes an important attribute to adult education which is the fact that adults are never merely motivated by the need to acquire knowledge but how the knowledge will be relevant to their jobs. Moreover, adults often bring a rich pool of knowledge (that may even sometimes rival an instructor’s knowledge) into the classroom, often prompting them to command a sense of respect as compared to other learning groups. For example in the contemporary classroom setting, adults often see
Overview of the Current Themes Across the globe, an effective hotel must balance the elements of innovation and development, technology, and sustainability to remain competitive in the short and long-term. The aspect of development involves strategies for growth and expansion within the matrices of labour, management, and general logistics. This means that any development initiative should be proactive and holistic for positive results (Monks & Minow 2014). On the other hand, the element of technology involves initiatives or activities aimed at making the hotel services and operational endeavours efficient. Through technology, the aspect of redundancy could be minimised, depending on its application (Hahn & Kühnen 2013). Lastly, the aspect of sustainability involves the healthy business practices that are aimed at ensuring short and long-term survival. In relation to the hotel sector, sustainability strategies integrate financial, environmental, managerial, logistics, and labour mixes in the balancing of a bundle of inputs for expected outputs (Gordon 2013). This paper explores the element of technology and its significance in the hotel sector. The rationale for selecting the theme of technology was informed by its applicability and dominance in the current hotel sector. Significance of Technology in the Hotel Sector The hotel sector functions within a dynamic business environment that experiences constant evolution and horizontal movements. Through the integration of technology, the hotel sector has experienced a paradigm shift of an unprecedented form and pace. This means that any successful business in the hotel sector must embrace and integrate different technological applications and tools to guarantee efficiency in business operations and customer service. This research paper explores the significance of technology in improving customer service within the hotel sector. The paper concentrates on the end user perspective, that is, customers’ experience and satisfaction level. Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives on Technology in Hotel Sector A lot of research has been done to establish the impact of technology in the matrix of customer satisfaction within the hotel sector. Firoiu and Croitoru (2015) carried out a research on the impact of technology on the Romania hotel sector and findings indicated that it encourages proactive socio-economic development at the hotel and service levels to create a balance for achieving h
Introduction “Anencephaly is a congenital anomaly characterized by an open neural tube in the cephalic region with an exposed mass of degenerate neural tissue on the skull floor” (Cohen, C et al. 2001, p.704). It results when neural tube fails to come into contact during the first few days of embryogenesis. Anencephaly leads to alteration of the normal behavior of an individual. It alters with the normal reasoning, hearing, and movement coordination of an individual. This paper aims at providing detailed information on possible causes of anencephaly, its signs and symptoms, treatments, and prognosis. Anencephaly process “In anencephaly, cranial neural tissue is exposed and not covered by a bone or skin”( The Infant with Anencephaly 1990, p.1). The inability of neural tube closing exposes internal contents of the head to the surrounding amniotic fluid which eventually degrades them. Thus, individuals suffering from anencephaly lack cerebrum and cerebellum which constitute the largest portion of human brain. Neural tube is the main element of central nervous system of an embryo. Since anencephaly roots itself from the complications of the neural tube, it is justifiable to classify it also as a neural tube defect. Individuals suffering from this disease also lack some bones of the skull (Cohen, et al. 2001). Signs and symptoms of anencephaly Individuals suffering from anencephaly occasionally lack cranial vault which has great association with absence of nervous tissue on the cranial base. Additionally, their cerebral hemisphere appears soft, purple in color, and shapeless. Their cerebral hemisphere is not only composed of vascular channels made up of thin walls in which blood is bloated, but also irregular arrangement of brain tissues (Best, 2011). In some cases, thin layers of squamous epithelium may also be present. Although the cerebellum of the victim may be normal, in most occasions it is deformed. Extreme conditions of anencephaly such as meroacrania, may lead to a brain bulge that looks like an encephalocele. Anencephaly is also associated with loss of skin covering that demarcates merocrania from encephalocele. Although most people tend to argue that individuals suffering from anencephaly lack pituitary glands, it is evident that they do have them. In addition to neurohypophysis being distorted, it remains open in an individual suffering from anencephaly. Individuals suffering from this disease also lack the hypothalamus. Craniofacial complications may also include emergence of hypoplastic ears and inconsistent ear folds. Additionally,
Literature review Researchers have established a connection between exposure to media violence and school violence. Almond (2007) noted that effects of media violence on children and adolescents are determined by the length of exposure, age, and parental influence. Exposure to media violence encourages violent and aggressive behaviors in children, introduces new concepts of violence that children have been unaware of, and augments negative experiences of violence and abuse. The Columbine High School massacre is an example of the effect of exposure to media violence of young people. Research revealed that the two gunmen had great exposure to violent movies and video games. A survey by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) also showed that the music, video game, and motion picture industry made the children exposed to violent content due to poor ratings. The commission found out that children and adolescents get more exposure violence easily because ratings of media content do not show the quantity of violent content. Media violence affects brains of young viewers and replaces reality with fiction. Children learn by imitating, observing, and adopting behaviors they consider appropriate (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2009). Therefore, they imitate what they see in the media in order to understand the world. They are unable to differentiate between fiction and reality. According to Anderson (1997), violent content in media exaggerates occurrence of violence in the world and depicts the world as an unsafe place. This prompts children to develop aggressive behaviors to protect themselves and avoid being victimized by perpetrators of violence. Moreover, children are unable to differentiate between media fiction and reality (Cornell, 2006). Introduction Violence at schools is a disturbing youth delinquency that often affects today’s society. Many reasons have been given to explain the cause of the problem. One of the reasons is the effect of media violence on children and young people (Almond, 2007). Exposure to media violence is an important study topic for psychologists. Studies have been conducted to ascertain the effect of media violence on young people, and the relationship between media violence and school violence. Results have revealed that short-term and long-term exposure causes aggression and violence in children (Almond, 2007). Effects of exposure can be explained using cultivation and framing theories. Cultivation theory states that the media makes significant contribution towards shaping viewers’ perceptions of reality. On the other hand, framing theory states that media controls the thinking of viewers by deciding what they watch or read. The two theories can be used to explicate the relationship between media violence and school violence. Negative influences in the media The media has been on the spotlight for its contribution to school violence. Researchers have established several ways through which media violence influences the behavior of young people. As such, they have divided media violence into two classes that include passive violence and interactive violence (American
The case of Terry v. Ohio was one of the most discussed and frequently analyzed cases in the history of criminology. On the one hand, it shows that human rights could be interpreted in different ways. On the other hand, it demonstrates police’s possible to identify and predict crimes in case they have enough skills and reasons for searches. In brief, Terry v. Ohio case tells the story of when Cleveland Police Detective Martin McFadden observed two people (Terry was one of them) walking around the shop and discussing something with a third person and decided to check them by introducing them as a police representative and patting down Terry’s back (Terry v. Ohio, 1968). As a result, the gun was discovered, and three people were arrested and convinced in the attempt to rob the store. The court during which Terry and Chilton (another potential robber) was charged with carrying concealed weapons began in 1968 (Terry v. Ohio, 1968). Impact of the Case on Criminal Justice and US Citizens The impact of the case remains to be crucial because from that period police officers were allowed to stop and seize ordinary people without special permission or in case people demonstrate suspicious behavior. With the help of this case, the court proved that all elements of non-verbal behavior that cause some doubts could be used as evidence of possible criminal intentions in case they are properly interpreted by a police representative. From the criminal point of view, the case helped police workers develop their skills and intuition and observe the events around them precisely. From a social point of view, the case created boundaries that ordinary people could not break. Rules of the Case The main rule that comes from the case is the possibility to stop and seize people without any reason just to check and get the possibility to prevent a crime. The presence of a weapon could or could not be explained. Therefore, the rule to stop and frisk differs from a full search considerably and has its own goals and outcomes. The situation when the Officer asks Ray, a known drug dealer, to stop and show what is in his pockets, could be identified as a request under the terms of the “stop and frisk” policy. The initial stop is valid. However, the search of the home could not be defined as valid in case there is no special permission and order. Similar Case Terry v. Ohio is not the only case in its nature. For example, in 1983, the case Michigan v. Long occurred. It was a kind of extension of the Terry v. Ohio case that helped to clarify and create the boundaries of adequate grounds for police stops and seizures. The procedure was called a protective search to find out the weapons or some substances that could influence human behavior. Importance of “Reasonable Scope of Search” According to the fourth amendment, the scope of a search has to be reasonable. It could be with or without a warrant. Still, it should have a reason. Therefore, the investigations show that a police officer could develop an ordinary che
Team-building is an essential element of any HRM practice (Rees & Porter, 2015). In the CMA environment, it is especially important to come up with a framework that could help introduce a certain amount of cooperation into the workplace. The focus on improving communication and promoting teamwork is crucial because of the lack of trust by which the relationships between the company members can be characterized. It is assumed that a well-thought-out team-building strategy will help improve the communication process, thus, addressing the mistrust and promoting a better focus on the staff’s unique needs. Team-building Stages Before designing an appropriate team-building strategy, one should consider the stages that the process involves. As a rule, four following levels are mentioned when describing the process of building a team: forming (exploration), storming (conflict management), norming (group dynamics improvement), and performing (supervising the cooperation between the participants) (Pyzdek & Keller, 2014). Thus, the team-building strategy must help introduce standards and values, determine the conflict management strategies, improve the cooperation process, and introduce control tools. Three essential frameworks that can help achieve the said outcomes will be considered. Team Typologies Duration Different taxonomies exist to describe the teams that appear in the workplace environment. The time-based typology is, perhaps, the most common one; it suggests that work teams can be split into the following two categories: temporary and permanent ones (Chae, Seo, & Lee, 2015). By definition, the former is dissolved after the project is completed, whereas the latter continue working afterward. Distance Virtual teams are juxtaposed to regular teams based on the location of the participants. Virtual teams exist in the realm of virtual reality, whereas regular ones are formed in the physical environment of an organization. Therefore, the connection between the members of a virtual team may be rather loose (Iverson, 2014). Focus The taxonomy based on the scope of the participants’ work and the area in which they operate is also very common in the business environment. As a rule, problem-solving teams, departments, and cross-functional ones are mentioned when applying the focus-based approach. The title of a problem-solving team is self-explanatory; created to address specific issues, they may be temporary (i.e., built to handle a specific issue) and permanent (i.e., created to address the emergent problems and conflicts regularly). Departmental teams are, perhaps, the most common ones in the business realm since they have been in existence since the creation of the co