ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Intensive management has led to great improvements in pig production. Although this management has led to all-year-round breeding in pigs, there is evidence of the effects of season on pig fertility. Seasonality in fertility in pigs is a major concern for pig farmers. Despite of much development in pig farming, fertility in pigs shows high seasonal trend. The main concern for pig farming is to maintain consistent supply of pigs in all seasons. Seasonality in pig fertility makes consistent supply of pigs almost impossible. Many researchers and scholars have addressed the phenomena as they come up explanations and solutions. Seasonal trend in Pig fertility Seasonal trend of fertility in pigs have attracted attention from various scholar. Fertility in pigs is observed to have a strong seasonal trend. Almond and Bilkei observed that there was decrease in pig production during summers and early autumn (Almond, & Bilkei, 2008, p. 347). Other researchers note that despite domestication, fertility in female pigs show high seasonality. The capacity of female pigs to return to oestrus after weaning, ability to conceive, ability to maintain pregnancy and onset of puberty are highly affected by seasons. In spite of various explanations to this trend, the actual causes of seasonal fertility are not precisely known (Almond, & Bilkei, 2008, p. 347). Various scholars hold different explanation to the observable seasonal trend in fertility. Seasonal fertility trend in pigs is very important to pig farmers. Pig farmers must take note the seasonal fertility trend in order to have a long-term plan on pig production. Whine producers must be aware of the effects that seasonal fertility can have on their business. The aim of pig production unit is to maximize pig production in an year. The intention is to maximize the number of porkers, baconers or weaners per year. Ability to maximize the number of pigs in an year translates to high profit to a pig production. Seasonal fertility in pigs has been an area of concerns for researcher and producers. Summer Infertility Syndrome (SIS) in sows has been a major challenge in pig production. The phenomenon has attracted increase attention as many researchers try to explain the phenomenon or come up with solution. The seasonal fertility trend affects the yearly production of pigs by causing less that optimal production during summers. Various aspe
Introduction The stark law does not allow a physician with any fiscal connection in an entity from developing a referral for selected health services that are covered by Medicare as well as Medicaid to that entity. This covers even the services that have been billed to a person or another third party client. The anti-kickback rules are only applicable to services compensated by Medicare or Medicaid (Office of Inspector General, 1999). Joint Ventures in Healthcare In regard to joint ventures within the undeserved areas, the health care ventures in most instances experience difficulties in getting the required capital in addition to getting the best sources of capital. The ventures that are underserved can’t fit within safe harbour small joint ventures since safe harbour restricts physician ownership and the payments that can be gotten from physician investors. In the underserved area mutual enterprise, safe harbour relaxes numerous conditions in active joint venture safe harbour (Anonymous, 1993). The safe harbour allows a higher proportion of physician investors, 50 percent and unrestricted payments from referral resource investors. The current safe harbour includes joint ventures in the areas that are underserved in urban and rural areas. To be eligible, a venture ought to be situated within a medically underserved region, according to Department rules and should serve about 75% medically underserved patients (Fisher, 1997). Importance of harbour safeguards The safe harbour safeguards investments by physicians within their own group operations, in case the group operation fulfils the physician investments in single operations where the operation is carried using the single practitioner’s professional firm or other separate lawful body. The safe harbour does not safeguard investments done by group operators or member of group operations in subsidiary services’ joint venture, even if such joint ventures might be eligible for safeguarding under other safe harbours (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2005). The safe harbour safeguards particular arrangements when a personal or enterprise consents to refer a patient to another person or enterprise for specialist services in return for the party to get the referral to refer the patient back at a particular time under some specific conditions. A safe harbour does not safeguard arrangements that consist of parties that separated a global charge from a centralized program. The safe harbour necessitates that referrals be clinically suitable, instead of being based on subjective dates or time frames (Altshuler, 2008). In regard to cooperative hospital groups, safe guard safeguards such organizations under section 501 (e) of Internal Revenue Code. These organisations are the ones that have been developed by either two or more tax-excepted hospitals, referred to as patron hospitals to offer particularly spelt out services, like buying, billing and clinical service exclusiv
Ethos, pathos, and logos are three components of the rhetorical triangle that media uses to persuade the audience in making a particular decision. In advertising, the rhetorical triangle has particular importance because each of the mentioned components is necessary for invoking different types of appeal between the target audience and the presenter of a message. In this speech, the role of ethos, pathos, and logos in advertising will be discussed with the help of the Infinity Q50 advertisement “Feeling of Performance” starring Stephen Curry. Prior to discussing the impact of the rhetorical triangle on the success of an advertisement, it is important to first give definitions to each component. Ethos is a component of the triangle that calls upon the values (ethics) of a speaker. Pathos is something that elicits a necessary emotional response from the audience to get their attention to a product or idea. Logos is heavily focused on evidence and facts to provide a degree of credibility necessary for persuading the target audience. In advertising, ethos is implemented as a strategy associated with hiring a famous individual for endorsing a specific product. When a person sees that a celebrity uses a product, it is easier for a company that paid for the celebrity appearance to gain trust from regular viewers. Through the respect, the celebrity-spokesperson appears credible, authoritative, and trustworthy enough to persuade the audience to listen to what a commercial is saying and presenting. In the Infinity ad, the marketers chose to hire Stephen Curry, an NBA star, to endorse their Q50 model. Endorsing something is also enjoyable for a celebrity because they value a high status to be able to influence the audience without being experts in a particular subject. Therefore, despite the fact that Stephen Curry is not known for his expertise or taste in vehicles, his overall stature and status as an NBA star are validating enough to advertise the Infinity Q50. Pathos in advertising is used for triggering specific feelings and emotions from the audience. This is usually done through language because when people hear or read something, they inevitably feel different emotions. Positive words yield the feelings of love or excitement while encouraging words can make people feel empowered and determined in their actions. Empowerment is the key emotion that the Infinity ad wanted to evoke from the audience through using slogans such as “this is what performance sounds like, feels like, behaves like” as well as the final slogan “Infinity: empower the drive” (“Infinity Q50 – Feeling of Performance Stephen Curry”). However, in the ad, an emphasis on empowerment was done not only through language but also through sound and imagery. As Stephen Curry was quickly bouncing off two basketballs, a car engine started. This technique was used to show parallels between the smooth sound of the engine and two bouncing basketballs. Curry continues his tricks, and there is a sequence of changing shots between him, the speeding Infinity, and the text slogans written with black on white. Lastly, it is essential to explore the logos component of the persuasive triangle
A linguistic analysis enables finding the deceiving patterns in oral or written statements. Ten aspects shall be addressed in the analysis to indicate an attempt to falsify or hide facts. They are lack of self-reference, verb tense, answering questions with questions, equivocation, oaths, euphemisms, alluding to actions, lack of detail, narrative balance, and mean length of utterance. The first sign of an attempt to mislead is the avoidance of using “I” pronoun. The deceiver tries to eliminate the personal pronoun or substitutes it with “you” to minimize the relation to him or herself. Also, a deceptive person can retell the story using a passive voice. The second signal of deception is the reference to past events using the present tense. It can either imply the accuracy in detail or rehearsal of an event that did not take place. The third sign is responding to questions with questions. This way the suspect can try to avoid replying at all. The fourth method that signifies presumable deception is equivocation. If a person tries to give falsehoods, he or she can use noncommittal verbs or vague expression with a certain degree of uncertainty (sort of, perhaps, more or less and other). Further, the fifth linguistic means that implies a suspicious attempt is the usage of oaths. Such phrases like “I swear” may be used to convince that the suspect is telling the truth; meanwhile, a truthful witness knows that his or her words are the truth are they do not need to be backed up. The sixth telltale mark of deception is euphemisms. The usage of words that have a mild meaning or substituting terms with a strong degree of expression may identify that the interviewee is trying to minimize the damage caused by criminal behavior. For instance, a suspect may say that the thing was “taken” rather than “stolen” to represent the demeanor in a more favorable light. The seventh indicator of possible deception is the allusion to actions. For instance, a person may refer to an action by mentioning an attempt or intention to do something without an actual statement of committing it. The eighth reason to question whether the interviewee is telling the truth or not is the lack of detail. If a person fills the statement with many details, which may be irrelevant, it implies that he or she is retrieving the accident from his or her mind and it, as a rule, brings forth many facts or aspects that are related to the experienced occurrence. However, a dry retelling of facts may evidence that the story is being fabricated or some of the turning points are left out intentionally. It can be done to downsize the risk of being caught lying; the fewer facts are revealed, the fewer opportunities the investigator has to find a loophole i
This chapter examines the main ethical theories, and analyses their importance and capacity in business ethics. A key argument focuses on the position of ethical theories in business ethics including ethical absolutism and relativism. The majority of traditional ethical theories leans on the absolutism side whereas the contemporary ones are on the relativism side. Nevertheless, this chapter tends to prove that both positions may not be useful in business ethics. In contrast, this chapter focuses on the pluralism position, which occupies a position based on the two theories. Different ethical theories are used to establish the pluralism position. The chapter also elaborates assumptions upon which this position is based: the social phenomenon versus the harm and benefits. These are featured on the perspective of ethical theories use in Europe as compared to other regions. Further, the chapter differentiates these ethical theories into two groups based on the outcome where they are categorized as either consequential or non-consequential. Here, the theories are evaluated using the moral judgment as to whether a decision is right or wrong. The chapter explains the theories by reflecting them to certain business problems triggering ethical dilemma. In regard to the consequential theories, the chapter examines egoism and utilitarianism. In egoism, the basis of the outcomes is featured on the decision makers. However, on the part of utilitarianism, it is based on the community. Likewise, the non-consequential theories look on two theories applied to business ethics: duties ethics and ethics related to rights and justice. The intersection of these two approaches is similar since they focus on the assumptions of the basic principles of good and wrong. These principles are developed using categorical imperative that applies all morals regardless the benefits or harms to those involved. The categorical imperative framework is examined using three aspects. Each action is tested using all aspects upon which it is defined as being either morally right or wrong. The aspects are based on the issues of consistency, human dignity, and universality. Various assumptions concentrating on individual rights are assessed. These include the rights to life, freedom, justice, education, and property among others. Wide agreement about the human rights forms the basis for business ethics in all corporations. The relationship between business ethics and human rights determines the decision making process that is complemented by fairness. The perspective of human rights is directed to the view of justice on how to achieve this fairness. The chapter provides the useful application
Introduction Motherhood can be hard for many women, and physical or psychological issues can make it even more difficult. Depression is common among new mothers, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) specifies a diagnosis of major depressive disorder with peripartum onset (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A major depressive disorder is a type of depressive disorder that manifests in diminished interest or pleasure, low mood, weight loss, sleep problems, psychomotor changes, fatigue, reduced concentration, and negative thoughts and feelings (APA, 2013). New mothers face the risk of depression because of biological and lifestyle changes occurring at childbirth. Mothers who have depressive symptoms often find it challenging to take care of themselves and the infant. This could damage maternal and child health outcomes. The negative influence of postpartum depression (PPD) on mothers and infants causes scholars to be interested in this issue. Many research studies aimed to evaluate the progress of PPD and its treatment methods. Academic studies have helped to identify various therapy options. However, because PPD often goes unnoticed by mothers and their families, studying its effect on children is also important. PPD can affect children because it reduces mothers’ caregiving capacity and damages the relationship between the mother and her infant. The present paper will summarize research articles on the effect of PPD on children. Each study will be evaluated in terms of its significance to clinical practice, and major ta
Disclosure of financial information is an important component of accounting practices. In some cases, companies time the release of the information in an attempt to manipulate stock prices. The following paper discusses the violation of the full disclosure principle by Boeing. Based on the information from the case study, it is possible to identify three main groups of stakeholders. The first group includes the stockholders of McDonnell Douglas, who received payment in Boeing stocks issued to pay for the acquisition. The second group includes the management of the Boeing company as well as all employees associated with the decision to withhold financial information. The third group includes the stockholders of Boeing stocks who obtained them prior to the acquisition of McDonnell Douglas. The main ethical issues are related to the decision to withhold Boeing’s financial information. According to the case study, production line inefficiencies have resulted in significant cost overruns (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2015). The disclosure of this fact was considered a major threat to the company’s valuation on the market. By extension, the decline of stock prices will require the revocation of a major deal, which is highly undesirable for Boeing. In other words, Boeing management’s decision can be considered unfair practice aimed at the concealment of important information from its stockholders in order to avoid the expected complications. The main accounting principle relevant to the case is the full disclosure principle. According to it, a business is required to provide all of the financial information necessary for financially informed stakeholders to make respective decisions. The disclosure is made through one of the established information channels, such as a financial statement or a dedicated section in the company’s annual report. Importantly, the principle also requires the disclosure to be timed in accordance with predefined schedules. Understandably, the nature and amount of information considered necessary can change over time. Nevertheless, failure to comply with it in order to mislead the stakeholders is considered a violation. It is important to note that the information in question was eventually released, resulting in the anticipated decline in the price of stocks. However, the time chosen for the announcement made it impossible to revoke the deal with McDonnell Douglas. Such an approach is unethical for two reasons. First, it compromises the integrity of the acquisition by allowing the management to keep the price of stocks high artificially. Second, and, perhaps, more importantly, it relies on emotional and psychological aspects of human perception. In the example above, one of the factors expected to reduce the adverse effects for the company was the funeral of a public figure. From this perspective, it can be considered an attempt to manipulate human emotions for financial gain, which is une
Popular culture is a source of rich ideological concepts. There are several products of popular culture and they all represent different sociological and ideological viewpoints. Conducting an ideological analysis on a product of popular culture helps reveal the underlying ideologies that are perpetuated or formulated by that product. Advertisements are good examples of products of popular culture. Advertisements are mostly meant to infiltrate a certain component of the society with the aim of swaying certain views and ideologies. This paper explores the ideologies behind a popular Men’s body wash television commercial. This commercial features a well-built and good-looking man doing things that ordinary men do not do. In the commercial, this gentleman indulges in several ridiculous things that women might fantasize men doing. During the end of the commercial, the man looks straight at the camera and supposedly addresses the female audience by telling women that their men cannot be like him, but they can at least smell as he does. No seriousness is contained in this commercial but it still carries with it some serious ideologies. The first thing this advertisement does is to misrepresent reality. In the beginning of the commercial, many unrealistic goals are set. Ordinary men cannot undertake the fetes that are accomplished by the gentleman in the commercial. However, the men can at least be able to smell like this gentleman. This gives the men some hope of having some similarities with the commercial’s enviable man. The main objective of this advertisement is to point out at the inadequacies of men and then offer them a means of improving themselves using Old Spice Body Wash. The men contained in the audience can potentially change their ideology about how they are supposed to appear after watching this commercial. The commercial also leans heavily towards the capitalist ideology by making the men feel like they are lacking something just because they do not own this product. The humorous nature of this commercial might appeal to many cultures and people. Many people can relate to some of the jokes used in this commercial and subsequently make them part of their social group’s ideology. In addition, the commercial has the ability to formulate a new ideology among men and women. The man in the commercial is addressing women associating good things and moments with Old Spice Body Wash. With time, some women are likely to start believing that women who use this product are likely to have similarities with the man in the commercial. In an attempt to attract women, some men would associate themselves with this product eventually forming a complete ideology about the relationship between the choice in body wash and personal characters. The commercial aims to perpetuate the ideology that real men use Old Spice Body Wash. Advertisements regularly perpetuate ideologies using cultural references. Several people hold what they consider to be solid ideologies. However, a close investigation would reveal they