ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Building a Foundation In order to create a healthy learning environment for children, specific emphasis should be placed on the analysis of learning techniques and communication purposes that teachers observe (Blecher and Jafee 3). In particular, educators should pay specific attention to the development of a sense of belonging among children. It is also important to create a program that encourages diversity issues and produces efficient ways of communication. Employing collaborative work, ongoing dialogues, and shared understanding contribute to a better understanding of what techniques should be used to invite children to active learning. Aside from teaching and learning techniques, parents’ engagement is another important dimension that should be integrated to facilitate the academic process. Poetry Immersion The chapter introduces the power of poetry in the curriculum, as well as its functional purposes. The author asserts that children can communicate their opinions and beliefs by making up verses. Further, the chapter focuses on the importance of reading the poem aloud because it contributes positively to enlarging imagination and developing fluent speech (Blecher and Jafee 46). The beauty of poetic language also improves the visual and auditory memories of childhood. Moreover, it provides greater perspectives in mastering oral reading. While reading the poetry in classes, children can have a brilliant opportunity to set out on a journey to personal thoughts and feelings through the immersion process. In such a way, they can express their unique outlooks on certain concepts and ideas. Art as a Visual Response Developing visual memory is an important condition for children to create a pictorial representation of their thoughts. Moreover, it is an important technique through which it is possible to render various meanings and interpretations of a certain thought. Thus, drawing helps children to reflect on their beliefs and reproduce their visual experiences. Using sketchbooks is another important technique that students use to make interesting discoveries. Teachers also have the possibility of tracing students’ discovery to make conclusions about students’ growth and development. Moreover, academic learning through drawing involves pictures as visual responses to the ideas that they need to explain. Introduction to Art and Music Immersion Workshops Engaging children in art creates multiple opportunities for discovering and redefining children’s individualities. Art, therefore, should be integrated into a learning process for children to advance the tools through which they can operate in an academic environment (Blecher and Jafee 72). What is more important is that various workshops, including music, painting, or poetry, meet the purpose of diversity issues and accept an individual-centered approach to learning. As creative activities posit
Introduction People have different ways of solving their problems. However, the most important thing to understand in this process is that people usually believe that what they do will help them. Therefore, they focus on issues they think will come in handy when finding solutions to particular drawbacks and ignore others. Religion, science, and traditions are some of the avenues that help people overcome the obstacles they meet in their lives. Most people believe that what they know to be true counts as knowledge, even though others may refute this because of faulty premises. This paper defines the Gettier problem and how its examples are effective in refuting the standard account of knowledge. Definition Edmund Gettier believed that knowledge was relative because it was determined by the individual’s beliefs, luck, experience, education, and other aspects that shape his/her perception. This philosopher argued that an individual’s ability to make accurate judgments is based on various issues that constitute his knowledge. Gettier’s problems involve the cases presented by this scholar and his followers and which try to explain that knowledge should be justifiable. His argument was that a lot has to be done to prove the existence of knowledge. Therefore, he presented various case examples to show that truth is not sufficient to prove that there is knowledge regarding an issue. Gettier’s Counter-Examples This philosopher gave two examples that he used to explain how knowledge could be measured. He referred to the first case as Smith’s Job, and he explained that Smith and Jones were looking for a job. Smith thought that Jones would get the job because he believed that the employer promised him that the position was reserved for him. In addition, he saw him counting ten coins and thought that was a good reason that he would get the job. Finally, Smith gets the job, and it turns out that his first belief was wrong, but the second one was correct because he had ten coins in his pocket. Therefore, Gettier wonders whether Smith’s belief that the person with ten coins will get the job constitutes knowledge. He named the second case Jones’ Ford. Gettier explains that Smith believes that Jones owns Ford because he has always seen him with it since they knew each other, and he had been offered a ride before. In addition, this belief involves another case where Smith thinks that his friend Brown is in Barcelona. However, it turns out that Jones does not have Ford, but Brown is in Barcelona. Therefore, Gettier’s counterexamples pause serious problems to the meaning and occurrence of knowledge because he challenges people’s beliefs and thinks that it is not easy to separate knowledge, truth, and beliefs. Other philosophers and critics argue that Gettier was right in claiming that knowledge is not based on just beliefs and facts, but on other factors that play important roles in shaping an individual’s perception of the world. Effectiveness of Gettier-Style Examples Gettier-style examples include the following. A person may be hungry and believe that there is food in the house because he hears someone moving around in the kitchen. Therefore, this
Introduction There are two reasons that explain the tribulations that Harriet Jacobs went through in her life. Foremost, there is her being deemed black. Secondly, there is her being a member of the female gender. In this essay, I will show that her troubles are more attributable to her perceived race rather than her gender. She faces all the following problems due to her race: her being a slave is wholly attributable to her being black; Dr. Flint obliterates Jacobs’ hopes of being freed by her lover; she is emotionally distressed after sacrificing her purity to hurt Dr. Flint; she suffers greatly on account of her son’s status as a slave; she is forced to live in hiding for seven years to escape Dr. Flint’s cruelty; Mr. Sands reneges on his promise to free her children; and, she eventually finds out that even in the North, she is maltreated on account of her race just like in the South. Discussion To begin with, the root cause of Jacobs’ suffering is her status as a slave. Most importantly, her being a slave is wholly attributable to her being black. She would have had a chance at freedom in childhood but a promise made to her dying mother by her mistress was not kept. On her mother’s death, Jacobs had been left in the care of her mother’s mistress. The mistress had promised to never let Jacobs and her siblings suffer, a promise she had made during the last moments of Jacobs’ mother: “on her deathbed her mistress promised her children should never suffer for a thing” (14). This promise to look after Jacobs and her siblings was kept, up to her mistresses’ death. Instead of freeing 12 year old Jacobs, she bequeaths her to the five year old daughter of her sister. Jacobs realizes that a promise made to a dying slave is not at all binding and that her fate is solely the business of her masters. On this realization, she harbors great bitterness towards her dead mistress (16). This act of disloyalty by her mistress was not carried out because Jacobs or her mother were women. Rather, it was for the reason that they were black, and therefore slaves, that her mother’s mistress found no reason to live up to her words. This would lead to Jacobs’ troubles at the hand of Dr. Flint and in her bid to escape from the south. Secondly, Dr. Flint obliterates Jacobs’ hopes of being freed by her lover. When Jacobs falls in love with a free black man, Dr. Flint refuses to let her marry him saying that he would only allow her to get married if it were to one of his salves. He forbids her from seeing or speaking to her lover and declares that he would shoot him if he ever came to seek her in the doctor’s premises (63). This callous behavior by Dr. Flint could be explained by the fact that he was sexually attracted to Jacobs. He refuses to
Introduction Developing and maintaining a unique customer experience is vital for the success of firms in different economic sectors. However, creating customer experience requires a significant degree of commitment and creativity especially by the top management 1 . The initial step entails developing a clear and comprehensive understanding of the customers needs. Since its establishment, Emirates Airlines has been concerned over its customer’s satisfaction. In an effort to understand its effectiveness in satisfying its customers, the author sought to evaluate how emirates customers remember their experience upon travelling with the airline. Analysis Most individuals who have travelled using the airline are pleased with the services offered. One of the factors cited to be the major causes of the unique experience received is its sensitivity to all the customers needs. According to responses of customers who have travelled using the airline, the airline does not discriminate its customers on the basis of class. The airline ensures that both customers in the executive and economy class receive the same level of experience. For example, the firm has added a multi-cultural flavor in its effort to appeal its customers. The airline has attained this by sourcing its human resource from different countries. As a result, the airline is able to serve its customers more effectively. For example, its flight attendants speak in more than 10 languages. This has played a vital role in breaking language barrier with its customers. By eliminating language barrier, Emirates Airlines has been able to offer personalized services. The resultant effect is that most customers attest that they received unique experience. Additionally, the airline has trained its flight attendants on the best way to serve the customers. The flight attendants are friendly and they welcome the customers with warm and natural greeting. The passengers are walked by one of the flight attendants to their respective seats. Upon settling in their respective seats, the passengers can enjoy different amenities from the amenities box. During the flight, the attendants are continuously attentive to the customers needs. Describing their experience with the airline, most customers were of the opinion that the airline is considerable of the customers in its pricing strategy. When asked why, they cited the airline’s low-cost pricing strategy as the main reason. In their consumption patterns, it is the consumers’ objective to maximize their level of utility at a minimal cost. Through the airline, customers were able to travel to different destinations more cost effectively. This illustrates that the airlines low-cost pricing strategy is successful in entrenching repeat purchase behavior amongst the consumers. A significant proportion of customers co
Introduction Leadership in profit making and non-profit making organizations has been under study for the past one century. As a result, there have been various theories explaining effective leadership in profit and non-profit making organizations. Leaders have been defined as being individuals with lots of impacts on others to act in a manner that will ensure attainment of organization’s goal or objective. However, there has been no enough information explaining the application of such leadership theories in business setting. In addition, the strength and weaknesses of contemporary leadership models have not been exploited fully. As a result, this easy critically demonstrates an application of my knowledge of organization management by synthesizing the information from different readings and class work into work and life experience in organization management. Primary Leadership Theories According to Yuki (1994), “the main primary leadership theories used in profit and non-profit organizations are Trait Theory, the Behavior Theory and the Contingency Theory. Current leadership theories being researched are Transformational and Servant Leadership.” (Yukl, 1994) Trait Theory: this theory assumes that people are born already having traits which are inherited from generation to another in their lineage. There are some traits which are suited for leadership while others are not. As a result, proponents of this theory try to differentiate different traits in leaders who have been perceived as being great. They have tried to research on physical traits like the leaders’ height as well as psychological like temperament. At long last, their studies have proved the fact that there exist no universal traits of such leaders. However, there are some traits which were found to be of much significance for any leader. Such traits include “Adaptable to situations, Alert to social environment, Ambitious and achievement-orientated, Assertive, Cooperative, Decisive and Dependable,” (Science.jrank.org 2011) among others. On the other hand, the theory identifies various skills required by any leader in order to be termed as great. Such skills include, “Clever (intelligent), conceptually skilled, Creative, Diplomatic and tactful, Knowledgeable about group task, Organized, Persuasive, and socially skilled.” (Science.jrank.org 2011) Behavior Theory: it has been stipulated that, behaviors are significant for any leader. This is because; it has been assumed that, behaviors are very important as compared to physical characteristics or mental traits. Studies have found that “Two types of behavior correlate with great leaders, according to the theory: the ability to organize a task and the ability to express consideration for subordinates.” (Rowe 2007) Contingency theory: according to this theory, the most significant quality of any great leader is his or her capability to respond to any contingency that he or she is faced with. Some of these significant contingencies include “respect level, kind of trust felt by workers for the leader, the level at which the leader can organize any task ahead of him or her, as well as the control over reward and rec
Introduction Broadly defined, the internet offers amazing opportunities for many people to express their opinions and for many others to access such information through the World Wide Web. Individuals, political figures, society critics, students –anyone who desires to convey his/ her view on anything – can make their thoughts known to a global audience in a far simpler way than previously possible. The growing pace in the use of the internet for expression has been elating: it is a renewal of the fight for democracy and the restoration of egalitarianism. However, some groups find that this medium of expression has encouraged the distribution of offensive and unpleasant material. Pornography, hate speech, lewd material, and similar items thrive alongside discussions on the forthcoming elections and other positive material. This occurrence has led to concerted efforts to limit the kind of materials that are availed on the internet, such efforts include the development of systems that sort out the so-called offensive material. This paper examines the importance of free speech on the internet. Free Speech The internet is a common pool of information, a global space that can be accessed by anybody from any part of the world. Anything that an individual wants to pass on can practically be read by anyone who has access to the internet, and the audience is as diverse as humanity itself. Hence, from a factual point of view, no one community’s standards can be used as an indicator of speech acceptable on the internet. Since the progress of the civilization of the human race depends on the individual conveyance of new thoughts, then the freedom of speech is the most significant asset we can defend. The internet not only provides a platform where we can express ourselves freely, but it also promotes the fundamental theory of open expression (Zuchora-Walske 96). The right to freely express oneself is identified as a human right in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) also recognizes free speech as a global human right and defines this right as “the right to hold opinions without interference” (OHCHR). Besides, free speech is recognized by regional blocs in all of the five continents. These human rights do not merely cover oral or published works, they extend to other media, including the internet. The World Wide Web is a far more speech-enhancing medium as compared to print or mails, therefore, stifling free speech over this important medium is a form of human rights violation. Proponents of internet censorship have argued that speech on the internet is unfiltered, unconventional, sexually explicit, and offensive— commonly referred to as ‘indecent’ among many societies. However, such material cannot be devoid of such content, especially in a medium receiving information from all over the world. This does not mean that the government should stop protecting children and minors from internet pornography. It can still reinforce protectionism by implementing existing land laws that criminalize
Anarchism is a kind of philosophy in the political world that believes that the state of government is not necessary, not desired and it is in most cases harmful and oppressive and the society should remain without a government. The doctrine seeks to have a human society which does not have authority. Human relations in this society should be in such away that they are not led by any form of government. The ideology of anarchism is in most cases considered as left wing. In general, it may be divided into four main types: Left winged anarchism ‑ anarcho-communists, and anarcho-syndicalists; right winged anarchism – anarcho-individualists-prudonists and anarcho-Nietzscheanists. In fact, there is no unity between anarchists streams, as some of sub-divisions may contradict the basics of anarchism, while the others associate anarchism with disturbances and lawlessness. On the one hand it is true, as anarchism claims that he society may be arranged without any constraint and any authority, however, a particular regime is inevitable, as refusal from marketing relations and private property will require establishment of a financial flow system. As for violence, it should be stated that Tolstoyans (representatives of Christian anarchism) deny the significance of violence as a force required for maintaining the struggle for social ideals. The aim of this paper is to analyze the Zapatista movement (Zapatista Army of National Liberation), and the anarchic tendencies of this organization. Considering the fact that the key slogan of this army is “Democracy! Freedom! Justice!” the movement seems peaceful, however, the participants of this movement never part with their weapons, and conceal their faces. History and Theoretic Grounds of Anarchism Social movements which will hereby be referred to as anti-systematic and radical, emerged in the 19 th century and have over a span of time for reasons best known to them grown to be movements which are always against the state as a change agent. The movements have transformed from those that were in the interest of the sate to those that are treating the sate and all other actions oriented to the state with a lot of suspicion and hatred. According to Wallerstein (2002, p. 29-30), they are not just inclusive in their ways and also democratic but tend to be grossly non-hierarchical and participatory on the basis that the “basis of participation is a common objective… and a common respect for each individual’s immediate priorities” (p.15). In this essay, there will be a consideration of the matter in that anarchism is being a reference point for the said movements. The acts are a kind of response to the state due to its failures. As Immanuel Wallerstein (2002, p 32) stated, there is a development of the radical movements since national forms and social forms emerged as key movements earlier in the 19 th century. The movements were viewed as social parties and at times like
Introduction The global luxury goods market is multi-billion industry and Burberry wants to take a major slice of it. The Burberry brand is a well-known British brand that has been in business for more than 150 years (Burberry 2011). The company leaders that comprise the Burberry brand realized that in a highly competitive environment, success can only come if the company will think beyond the borders of the United Kingdom or even Europe. They will have to expand overseas and target emerging markets. They needed to have a presence in the World-Wide-Web and build an online store. But this is not the only thing that the Burberry business leaders are counting on. They also believed that the company will only succeed if it will utilize effective marketing strategies such as: product strategy; pricing strategy; promotion strategy; and product distribution (Gitman & Daniel 2009). The following pages will take a closer look at the strategies employed by the Burberry brand and how effective were these strategies in increasing profit and their market share. Product Burberry’s product strategy is based on the idea that the Burberry brand is a successful UK and European brand for many decades. This is an iconic brand and easily recognizable. However, it is not enough to simply rely on the past. The consumers of the 21 st century are more sophisticated; they are looking for products that are of great value. Nevertheless, a company like this one can never stay in business for more than a century if there are no loyal customers. Aside from that the global luxury goods market requires the company to create products that will cater to high-end clientèle. Since the Burberry brand is well-known all over the world the only way to radically enhance its image and to capture a fair share of the market is to develop product strategy in relation to an effective segmentation strategy. This means that the corporate leaders of the company had cannot simply mass produce products, advertise and then sell it in their stores and hope that their customers would come. Looking at their website it is clear that the company was able break down their potential market into groups of people that share similar needs, characteristics and aspirations. Burberry studied the target market in order to give their potential customers what they really wanted. They were not preoccupied with mass marketing. Burberry therefore create a product and brand hierarchy. There is the Burberry Prorsum, Burberry