ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Running is a routine activity for many people who prefer to stay healthy. Many commercials, fitness professionals, teachers, and parents recommend running on a regular basis to maintain positive well-being and a healthy body. However, running is associated with many injuries that vary in severeness. Recent academic studies suggest that running may not be healthy at all, but rather deteriorate health with trauma. The effectiveness of running as the primary method for improving overall fitness has also been put into question. Other physical activities, such as ball games and simple walking, may be more effective than routine running. This paper reviews the current evidence on running and its relationship with injuries and physical fitness. Many sources indicate that running is the primary cause of various types of trauma and is not recommended for novice sportspeople. Current Evidence A common belief that running has only positive effects on human health and well-being is gradually turning into a misconception as more research is being conducted on the topic. A team of researchers led by Larsen et al. (2017) administered a clinical study among 3rd-grade Danish children that attempted to discover the differences in the effectiveness of low-volume ball games and high-intensity running. Children were divided into two groups; the first played small-sided football and other ball games, while others concentrated on running (Larsen et al., 2017). The results were somewhat surprising – after ten months, no differences were identified between groups (Larsen et al., 2017). Furthermore, it was concluded that high-intensity running over a school year has an insignificant positive impact on the fitness of 8-10-year-old children. Generally, people prefer to run because they believe it is the best way to stay fit and lead a healthy lifestyle. However, recreational running is not recommended to all people because there are risks of getting injured. A study by Messier et al. (2018) attempted to determine the risk factors that lead recreational runners to overuse running injuries. Over the course of two years, the researchers observed 300 runners and came to several conclusions. Women are more prone to injuries than men, and people that weigh more than 80 kilograms are more likely to develop knee stiffness (Messier et al., 2018). These results mean that while running may have a favorable influence on some groups of people, it should not be considered the best recreational activity because of the related injuries. Running is very appealing to novices who are just starting with sports because it does not require expensive equipment. However, Videbæk et al. (2015) claim that novice runners are at a significantly higher risk of getting an injury. Through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of 13 original articles, the researchers determined that per 1000 hours of running, there are 17.8 running-related injuries on average among beginners
Unemployment There are massive job losses due to massive layoffs resulting from the Sub Prime crisis in the USA. This news is welcomed into the job market. This means that there is an increase in the unemployment rate in the USA than what was expected. The job represents a sector that is vital to the economy. The unemployment rate is reported to have gone up to 8% from the rate of 6% projected by economists and the rate that was in the previous year. The real estate sector and financial sector are slashing their payrolls, as was not expected. For the last year, most firms in the two sectors are carrying out job cuts. This will lead to unemployment increase and affect consumer behaviour and spending. Many economists have described the situation of unemployment as a lagging indicator of the performance of the economy. However, the job cuts and losses that to an increase in the unemployment rate reduces the disposable income of white and blue-collar workers who are the major consumers in the USA economy (Schuman J.; 2003). Inflation With the subprime crisis and the fluctuating energy prices, the consumer price inflation rate remained constant and manageable that single digit. The inflation has not been felt in the economy because producers leaving the consumer prices not affect much are absorbing the high cost of energy. The subprime crisis has only affected consumer habits, but it is yet to be felt the consumer prices thus inflationary has remained constant. The inflation expectations as measured by Treasury bonds has remained unaffected in the period. The situation may change if more banks that are affected by the subprime crisis join the likes of JP Morgan bank in denouncing the government plan on how to handle the crisis. (James P., 2008): Interest rates Interest rates are the best indexes that are used by banks to set loan consumer products. The wall street journal monitors the prime interest rates, which are used by banks for their products. Because of the prime interest rate crisis, as reported by the Wall street journal, the rates have gone higher. This means the credit card and other credit facilities interest rates will go up. The interest rates are expected to go up than before as many banks join in rejecting the government plan to solve the crisis. In the USA, the economy there has never been a period in the history of the real estate sector when such a crisis hit. However, in the past, there has been a situation where there is a boom, and the economy is performing well when the interest was higher. The interest rates effect in the USA will be felt worldwide as most economies rely on the USA market or companies. A boom elsewhere in the world where USA companies are trading will mean that there will be liquidity in th
Gender identity refers to the recognition of one’s sex as either a female or a male. Gender is the public expression of an individual as either a male or a female by the virtue of the biological sex. The individuals are socially expected to identify their gender by the way they behave, perform the normal core activities, and also the mode of dressing. However, there are cases when individuals do not identify with their gender. In some cases, we find that an individual who is biologically a male is behaving like a female and rejects his actual gender of being a male. This condition is referred to as Gender identity disorder. It can be defined as a condition where the males or females get a strong identification with the opposite sex and they experience considerable agony because of their actual gender (Zucker 2005, p118). This condition generally affects children, adolescents, and also adults. Such individuals who suffer such conditions are said to have strong cross-gender identification. The individuals usually believe that they are and they should be the opposite sex. They are usually not contented with their sexual organs and function and they get attempted to change their body structure. They are very uncomfortable with their sex and this may cause impairment in the functioning of the body. A small percentage of the individuals with GID turn out to be transsexual. This is the group that takes the responsibility of changing their physical appearance by the use of cosmetics and also an injection of hormones. The cause of the GID is not known but it has been argued that it could be as a result of prenatal hormonal imbalance, genetic abnormalities, defects in normal human bonding, and child-rearing among others. It usually occurs at the age of 2 to 4. In adult males, gender identity disorder may be caused by the acceleration of the condition from childhood or early adolescence. It may also be a gradual transition of individuals with Transvestic Fetishism to cross-gender identity that is presented in the late adult hood (Wyndzen, 2008). Gender identity disorder condition is diagnosed by a psychiatrist or a psychologist. A comprehensive medical history and psychological examination are performed to prove the conditions that are set for GID condition (Pheil, 2005). For the Diagnosis to take place there must be two main characteristics in the patient. There must be evidence of strong and persistent cross-gender identification. Such cross-gender identification must not be a desire for any cultural advantages of being
Christianity and Sexuality Being a Christian or believing in Christianity influences human behavior. It leads to having good personal values and beliefs. Some of the individual values that one learns as a believer in Christianity are love between oneself, unselfishness, generosity, and many others. As a believer, it also helps me believe in some good cultural values like sex before marriage which is a sin before God and my own body. It means that by having sex prior to the wedding, I become unclean in the eyes of God. As a believer, some values do not go along with Christianity which means I do not have trust in them; LGBT is one of them. However, some members of my family believe in it, which is against Christianity and moral values. Sex or marriage between people of the same gender is unacceptable. That is why God created a man and a woman (Murray et al., 2017). According to the Bible, homosexuality is a sin, and people responsible for such an act should be put to death. I come from a family with a strong belief in Christianity, meaning I was raised in a Christian tradition. Both of my parents go to church, and they also believe in the same values. As a family, we feel free to give to those who do not have, we show love for one another, and many other good deeds to exploit our personal beliefs—having a family with the same opinions as mine helps since we are free to talk to each other, hence strengthening our thoughts. Sex Before Marriage Before I got married, I had lived with my first husband for six months, and as a Christian believer, I was going against what I believed in. Since I supported purity and sex before marriage, living with my spouse for six months before we made our vows made me feel guilty. As a Christian, I think that there is life after death which means that I will be accountable for the sins I did of fornication and premature sex. I became impure because, essentially, as a woman who believes in God, my body is supposed to be the temple of the Holy Spirit. According to the Bible, sex is legal after marriage. Thus, I had sinned against God by living with my first husband for six months before getting married. I was so guilty that I knew that is against God’s will, and we will account for the sins committed after death. As a Christian, it is also immoral to have sex before marriage; as the Bible counts, it is adultery. Additionally, Christianity mainly emphasizes monogamy, and I have been married more than once to different husbands, which is against what a Christian should do. In the Bible, God created a man in his way after he created a woman from the man’s rib as He saw the man was lonely and needed companionship. He then told them to reproduce and fill the world. The Bible highly condemns homosexuality; for instance,
Duopoly in ICT Sector of the UAE   * Duopoly limits;       + Market competition.       + Product development.   * Legal environment:       + Law and the Competition Law regulates telecoms and competition across the country.  1. Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat).  2. Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (du). With the growing global need to digitalize all industries, the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) becomes especially important. In the UAE, there are two telecommunications operators, such as Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat) and Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (du). This duopoly structure limits the market competition and product development. The current legal environment of the UAE is another factor that impedes the progress in the field of ICT. In this connection, it is critical to analyze Law and the Competition Law of the country to identify regulatory flaws and provide pertinent recommendations for the market. Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)   * Innovation Objectives:       + Promotion and development of new technologies       + Infrastructure enhancement       + Investment in research and development (Kovacs 2014)   * Practice:       + TRA protects the current duopoly in the ICT market   * Social Objectives:       + Uninterrupted and universal Service provision       + consumer protection:           o Personal data confidentiality           o Operational transparency           o Public communication networks   * TRA fails to ensure options:       + Customers have limited opportunities to select in the telecom sector (Enhan 2016). The overview of the sector-specific regulations in the UAE shows that the Federal Law by Decree No. 3 of 2002 Regarding the Organization of the Telecommunications Sector is the main law. According to it, the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) is assigned the role of monitoring service quality, creating and enforcing relevant policies, norms, and rules, as well as promoting the sector development. Among the key innovation objectives, it is important to mention the promotion of modern technologies, which are expected to enhance competition, which is also proposed to be supported by the investment in research. However, the existing position of the TRA protects the duopoly state on the UAE’s ICT market. The social objectives that are presented on the slide aim to ensure the social well-being of the Emirati population by providing consumer protection and safe Internet experience, as stated in UAE Federal Telecom Law N
In the current competitive environment, creating constructive strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of financial reporting practices of health care organizations is of critical significance. It is the path that contemporary health care professionals should take and achieve substantial growth. Efficient reporting strategies incorporate various elements of fiscal management and accounting principles and financial ethical standards. One of the most essential elements of financial management is fiscal planning. The planning ensures that sufficient resources are available at the appropriate times to solve needs of the health organizations. These needs include long-term requirements, costly technical equipment, and short-term needs, such as employees’ payment and upgrading equipment. The next element is fiscal control. It enables organizations to meet their goals. Fiscal control evaluates the security of organizational assets, efficiency of the management and productivity of the assets (Financial management, n. d.). The other elements are directing and organizing, which ensure that organization brings together human, financial, and physical resources and develop a positive relationship among the resources. This process entails delegation of authorities, identification of activities and coordination of responsibility relationships. The final element is fiscal decision-making. It helps develop a relationship among financing tools, investment, and dividends. In addition, it helps the management determine the most appropriate means of distributing profits (Financial management, n.d.). Health care centers also incorporate accounting principles and general financial ethical standards in their management plans. Doctors and nurses abide by ethical standards that regulate the purchase of drugs and other health care related items. One of the key ethical standards that health care finance professionals uphold to achieve their objectives is competence. According to Morley (2013), to be competent, the professionals need to acquire quality formal education and continue learning by taking part in forums that equip them with new information that can have impact on their career. In addition, they need to be aware of changes in the accounting principles. Among other things, they must display integrity and be honest. Additionally, accountants and financial experts must maintain objectivity. They need to be objective and avoid conflicts of interest to achieve institutional and individual goals. They must not work for their relatives, as most people have some significant interest in their relatives’ organizations. All associations of financial professionals discourage engaging in dishonest practices irrespective of the type of connections that may exist between the expert and the employer. The asso
Firm description After a comprehensive research about the healthcare services accessible to the residents of Idaho County in the Saudi Arabian Kingdom, it was concluded that it is important to establish a novel healthcare institution. Bartlett Hospital will focus on offering novel and great products to the residents. In addition, the institution will focus on offering distinguished quality, cheap services, and accessibility to all forms of treatment. There is a keen interest on making Bartlett Hospital an exemplary institution whereby it will set an example for other health institutions to emulate. As a result, the quality of healthcare services will improve in the entire Saudi Arabian Kingdom. Other healthcare institutions will emulate Bartlett Hospital and try to offer high quality services. Hence, healthcare institutions will bring in equipment for treating various kinds of conditions. This will ensure that patients are treated in Saudi Arabia as opposed to being moved to other countries and hospitals in search of treatment. The overall result will be improvement in the healthcare services in Saudi Arabia. Mission and vision statement The Bartlett Hospital will be a community healthcare institution that will focus on offering healthcare services to all residents of Idaho County in Saudi Arabia. In addition to the healthcare services, the institution will also offer research and teaching. At Bartlett Hospital, every person will be highly valued. The institution will be dedicated to leadership and excellence. This will be demonstrated through offering exemplary spiritual, emotional, and physical care to all the clients. Second, there will be a balance between the continued dedication for caring for the neediest people and offering highly expert services to the wider community. Third, the hospital will promote a work environment where every individual is given utmost respect, value, and has equal opportunities for professional and individual growth (Zuckerman, 2012). Fourth, there will be advancement in education regarding healthcare services. Fifth, the institution will promote a discovery culture and support classic research. The institution will be highly focusse
Introduction According to DeSantis, Naishadham and Jemal (2013), the African Americans disproportionately carry the burden of cancer in the United States. Unlike other races, they have the highest number of cancer deaths as they are less likely to survive cancer. Lung cancer is mainly caused by smoking. It accounts for more than fifty percent of all cancers that affect the African Americans. For example, the State of Ohio records higher lung cancer death rates among African Americans than any other race. Evidently, the prevalence of smoking among African Americans living in Ohio is higher (30.1%) than that of Whites (27.3%). This is in terms of the types of cigarettes smoked and the intensity of smoking (Tyczynski & Berkel, 2005). This simply shows that targeting smoking can easily reduce the rate of lung cancers in African Americans. As Green and Davis (2004) note, unlike other cancers, lung cancer is highly preventable. The highly preventable nature of lung cancer and its prevalence in African Americans makes this topic suitable for research. Essentially, targeting smoking-related prevention strategies can significantly reduce lung cancer rates among African Americans and the overall rate of cancer at the national level. In this respect, this research paper conducts a literature review to explore the topic. Primarily, the research paper provides insight on the significance of the issue to the African Americans and the community health nurses. Besides, the paper discusses why the issue is of major public concern and what exact implications it has for community health nurses. Ultimately, this research paper formulates preventative intervention strategies that focus on smoking to reduce lung cancer incidents in African Americans. The Significance of the Topic to African American and Community Health Nurses The research of Mina et al. (2011) indicates that the African American patients who have lung cancer show high rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In cancer patients, COPD is triggered when spirometry obstructs airflow or consistent changes with emphysema are recorded on CTs. This implies that African Americans with lung cancer also have to deal with COPD. Besides, African Americans consume more menthol cigarettes than any other ethnic group. Menthol cigarettes increase the risk of cancer among African Americans. According to a research that Brooks, Palmer, Strom and Rosenberg (2003) conducted, the combustion of menthol products results in carcinogenic effects on lung tissues. Furthermore, menthol has anesthetic and cooling effects that allow deeper inhalation, longer retention and larger puffs in the lungs. This exposes the African Americans to more carcinogenic elements. Moreover