Introduction This paper presents an overview and analysis of the economic, political, and social situation in Argentina. After providing a succinct historical background of the country, the paper supplies a review of the geographical, demographical and social, governmental, and economic situation in the Argentine Republic. Brief Historical Background The territories of modern Argentina were first discovered by the Europeans at the beginning of the 16 th century. Later on, these lands were colonized and became part of the Spanish Empire. The empire used the territories as a source of gold and silver. At the beginning of the 19 th century, however, the ideas of the Enlightenment spread around the territories of Argentina, and in 1816, “the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain” (Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], 2016b, par. 1). After the separation of Paraguay, Bolivia, and Uruguay, the rest of the territories became the country of Argentina. The majority of the immigrants who moved to Argentina originated from Italy and Spain, and the immigration from these countries was particularly intensive in 1860-1930 (CIA, 2016b). Since the declaration of the country’s independence at the beginning of the 19 th century and until the Second World War, numerous conflicts between the Unitarians and Federalists, as well as between military and civilian factions, prevailed in the history of Argentina (CIA, 2016b); several civil wars took place. After the Second World War, an era of Peronism followed; the president Juan Peron and his government attempted to implement the ideology of economic independence, social justice, and political sovereignty (Romero, 2013). Although the reforms were successful, the economy started declining in the 1950s. The subsequent governments practiced military interventions, banned Peronism, and persecuted its followers. In the mid-1970, the Argentine Military Government, a junta, seized power in the country; it launched military terror (the so-called Dirty War) against all who were believed to be followers of left-wing political ideas (Romero, 2013). In 1983, however, a transition to democracy took place again; a president was elected. Since those times, the country has remained a representative democracy, even though it was faced with a number of challenges such as a serious crisis in 2001-2002, during which numerous violent public protests took place, and a number of presidents resigned (CIA, 2016b). The current president of Argentina, Mauricio Macri, is a representative of a center-right political party of “Republican Proposal,” and has been in office since December 2015; he has canceled a number of taxes, lifted currency controls, and is an advocate of the free international trade policy (“Argentina Lifts Currency Controls,” 2015). Geography Argentina occupies the area of nearly 2,780,400 km 2 , out of which approximately 2,736,690 km 2 (≈98.4%) are land (CIA, 2016b). It is the 8 th largest country in the world, and the 2 nd largest one in South America (after Brazil) (CIA, 2016b). It is located in the southern part of South America and shares borders with Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, and Brazil (CIA, 2016b). It should also be highlighted that Argentina has