ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Conflict between Medical Research and Ethics The importance of medical research cannot be undermined. It is because of continuous research that science has brought to mankind numerous drugs and cures to ailments and diseases that were incurable just about half a century ago. However, the practice of carrying out medical research on humans carries with it a lot of controversy, as it raises several ethical concerns. Overtime, there have been researches which have breached basic human rights, and it has been questioned whether the benefits of the research justify the harm done. One such case is that of the Tuskegee syphilis study conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service from 1932 to 1972. This paper uses this case as a basis for the discussion of the conflict between medical research and ethical considerations. Benefits of Medical Research The development of new cures and new drugs revolves around intense experimentation. Without such experiments, the effectiveness of the new drug cannot be tested, nor can the possibility of harmful side effects be eliminated. Thus, before any new medicine is offered to the public at large some sort of research must be carried out to ensure that the medicine will in fact benefit the society by doing what it is supposed to do. The importance of such experimentation is accentuated by the fact that each individual is biologically unique, and if a particular drug has a particular effect on one individual, there is no guarantee that it will have the same effect on another. Thus, most experiments require the drug to be tested on a sample of individuals to see how the human body reacts to the drug and whether it is safe to offer the drug to all patients suffering from a particular disease. The need for medical research exists because the field of medicine is and always will be faced by an indefinite number of unanswered questions. There will never be an end to the complexities of the human body and its reactions to various stimuli. New diseases continue to arise before cures are found for the ones which already exist. There needs to therefore be continuous research in this field in order to deepen the understanding of the human body, to find causes of various ailments and finally, to find ways of prevention and cure. In this way, research aids medical professionals in their quest to find new ways of benefitting the society (World Medical Association). Ethical Violations Despite the various benefits medical research has for the society, when medical research is carried out on human subjects, it raises several ethical questions. Such was the case in the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study whereby for forty years, from 1932 to 1972, 399 African-American males
Introduction The current business world could be considered an extremely competitive environment because of numerous rivals and conditions under which they function. Drastic alterations in strategies used by companies to acquire a competitive advantage and remain efficient precondition significant shifts in the market (Shiller, 2003). Moreover, diverse factors that impact the global economy require appropriate responses to reorganize companies and introduce new patterns according to which their capitals are structured. At the same time, there are numerous alterations in the major sources of income and investments which agents explore to create the basis for the further rise (Summers, 2014). Finally, recent financial crises and oscillations in currencies ratios impacted the market considerably and contributed to the elaboration of new approaches which will take into account all these factors and ensure a companys ability to face all challenges the modern environment presents (Hussey, 2001). It introduces a particular instability to the business sphere and might become a critical problem for investors and shareholders. In this regard, the majority of leading companies functioning is analyzed by numerous financial agencies that try to monitor the most important indicators to preserve the stability of the stock exchange and avoid processes that might result in new crises (Malkiel, 2003). That is why the necessity of the analysis of this sort becomes evident. Background The given report is the comprehensive investigation of Pearson Publishing, its capital structure, financial decisions, short and long-term perspectives, shareholders participation, financing, etc. It consists of the introductory part that justifies the choice of the company, the body which delves into its main financial aspects, and a conclusion summarizing the findings. As stated above, the necessity of the suggested analysis comes from the last Pearsons successes in the market and the significant empowerment of its position. Justification of the Choice Nevertheless, the choice of the primary object of the research is preconditioned by several factors. First, the market segment occupied by Pearson demonstrates stable growth (Levangie & Norkin, 2011). Despite all predictions related to the publishing industry, it remains competitive, and companies that are functioning in the given sphere have significant incomes. As for Pearson, it is a leading publisher that preconditions the further evolution of this market segment and has numerous opportunities for further growth. Moreover, being one of the companies included in the FTSE 100 list, it remains attractive for numerous investors that might consider placing their capitals and investing in the company an appropriate way to improve their position (FTSE, 2017). Additionally, the choice could also be explained by the unusual character of Pearson, as despite the majority of other companies that function in traditional spheres, this one
The diverse types of relationships between people and the process of their forming have interested scholars in the field of psychology, sociology, and culture studies for many years. Love, friendship, family ties, and other forms of relationships, are based on people’s attitudes to one another depending on the environment they occupy. Different cultures produce varying types of relationships which is an interesting issue to address from a scholarly point of view. To identify the power of influence of key concepts impacting the relationship, it is essential to discover the decisive role each of them plays in interpersonal connections. Marriage as one of the most widely spread types of connection between people undergoes a series of changes provoking active discussions due to the shift in traditional conservative views, as well as the emergence of same-sex marriages (Yarhouse and Nowacki 36). The same kind of relationship would appear and evolve differently when its decisive concepts are applied from the perspective of a different culture. The relationship chosen for the analysis in the paper is a romantic connection between a young man and a young woman from the USA in their twentieth. Both partners’ attachment style is characterized as a secure one based on shared respect, support, and love. The essential concepts applicable to this relationship are the age of the partners, the type of society they live in, romantic love, and marital satisfaction. In the analyzed situation, these four concepts were incorporated to influence the development of the relationship. The young age of the partners enhanced their wish to create a family together based on the romantic feelings of love that evolved between them as the result of attraction. Being the representatives of an individualistic society that prevails in the USA, the young people had the power of free choice and eventually established a legal marriage that led to their marital satisfaction (Madathil and Benshoff 223-224). Therefore, the concepts crucial for interpersonal relationships might be addressed from an alternative perspective regarding their role in a particular society. Given the significant differences between cultures and religions in the world and their vision of relationships and marriage, the analyzed relationship would evolve differently if placed in another cultural context. Indeed, Indian society with its idea of marriage as a social agreement between the families does not recognize romantic love as an immediate characteristic of marital relationships (Yarhouse and Nowacki 36-37). If the analyzed relationship developed in the Indian cultural environment, it would be an arranged marriage regardless of the age of the partners or their interpersonal attraction. The collectivist society type prevailing in India would restrict any personal views of young people and would impose different characteristics of marital satisfaction (Yarhouse and Nowacki 37). This satisfaction would have no
Introduction to Emergency Management Emergency management is a very broad topic that deals with the avoidance of risks. In case of a risk occurrence, it is also responsible for dealing with that risk. Emergency management also makes efforts that how can one be prepared for the emergency before it takes place. The response to the disaster, supporting and rebuilding is also the part of the emergency management. It is a very broad field and it cannot be kept under the boundaries. The more you know about this field, the more you explore. Emergency management is also providing skilled and experienced people who are capable of dealing with the emergencies. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) gave rise to the emergency management in the year 1979. Since then many organizations whether state or local have included within them the department of emergency management. This inclusion shows the need of the emergency management. There are many different kinds of hazards that the society can face in the daily life. These hazards can be technical, environmental or natural hazards. Emergency management makes efforts for dealing with these risks so that they can survive and manage the various hazards. The hazards sometimes also cause disasters, and emergency management is also responsible for making the people to deal with these disasters. Government is not responsible for providing emergency management. It is required that individuals should also try to make efforts for protecting themselves from the affects of the hazards as well as disasters. In some situations, emergency management also needs some financial favor from others. So a wide network support is required by the public, organizations, government and other countries in order to manage emergency. The protection of society, environment, public and life is a very critical issue and for this reason the emergency management holds much importance. It is recommended that the government and the organizations should take equal part in solidifying the field of emergency management. In this paper we have discussed that how the local or state emergency management involve the private sector for the provision of resources that may help to deal with the disasters. It describes the involvement of private sector in the local or state emergency management. (Waugh, 2000) Phases of Emergency Management Since very long it can be seen that emergency management majorly focused over the preparedness. Still the emergency management has got more elements as it is not necessary to keep yourself prepared for the disaster. The emergency management also needs to have a response and recovery plan as well as the mitigation strategies. Special trainings and courses are provided for each
From my point of view, there is undoubtedly a certain kind of connection between the development of faith and other areas of human development. In this context, I agree with Fowler and Dell (2004) and their theory that links spiritual growth to specific stages in a person’s life. However, although there are parallels with Piaget’s framework in this work, even the authors themself speak of the possibility of non-coincidence. Although the development process, according to Fowler (2001), is strictly sequential and hierarchical, it can be separated from other factors. Undoubtedly, the initial stages of development coincide since, for example, an infant cannot suddenly reach enlightenment. Thus, it seems that it is necessary first to reach a certain level of development in other areas before the vectors of development of the spiritual and material can diverge. For example, you first need to go into adolescence to get a general understanding of the world, after which spiritual development can get much faster. In addition, I would agree with specific points of criticism of Piper (2002), especially regarding the non-strictly vertical development process. However, from my point of view, faith is a much more dynamic and complex concept to be subject only to vertical movement. In addition, religion can be the basis for spiritual development, greatly expanding this process (Lunn, 2009). Therefore, there are specific interactions of faith development with other areas, but there is no strict dependence. In the context of my personal development, I can note that it was in my case that the personal development of faith was separated from physical development since I had to grow up spiritually much earlier. As a teenager, I had to take care of my younger brother and sister, forcing me to reconsider some of my views on life, relationships with parents, and my place in the world. Because of this, even though Fowler and Dell (2004) argued that I was supposed to be in Stage Three, I had to advance to Stage Four in advance, taking responsibility for my emotions, feelings, and beliefs. However, this transition was fraught with great difficulties, so it is difficult to assess whether this influence was positive or negative. At the current moment, my spiritual and biological development are stabilized and are approximately at the same level.
Introduction Older individuals are prone to obesity as they become less physically active with age. This tendency puts such people in a risk group, making them more vulnerable to a variety of diseases that are associated with obesity. The goal of this paper is to discuss the example of a behavior intervention program that aims to reduce the problem of obesity among older adults in rural regions. How to Prevent this Problem? There are a number of factors that contribute to the situation when people in the countryside gain excessive weight. Diet is one of the aspects that play a role in this process, and it is one of the primary elements leading to obesity. Physical inactivity is another major cause of gaining weight for older adults (Hash, Jurkowski, & Krout, 2014). Specialists from the Northern Arizona University designed an obesity intervention behavioral program for older adults (Sutton, 2018). The program in question uses the internet to educate older adults about healthy nutrition and encourage them to embrace a more active lifestyle. Together with a medical observation, the program has been shown to have a significant positive effect (Sutton, 2018). People in rural areas on avenge are poorer and have more limited access to high-quality medicine compared to individuals living in big cities (Greaney, Cohen, Ward-Ritacco, & Riebe, 2019). The project in question effectively uses evidence-based approaches and t
Behavior modification method is a technique used to change the inappropriate maladaptive behaviors and lifestyle that negatively impacts an individual’s life with more appropriate positive behaviors that builds reputable character and good lifestyle. Cigarette smoking has been documented to cause a remarkable increase in coronary and other cardiovascular diseases among smokers. The approximate number of people succumbing to death from coronary artery disease is 21.5% whereas those dying from stroke and other heart related ailments is approximately 18% (Fiore 121). Cigarette smoking has also lead to an increased incidence of lung, oral and renal cancer. These diseases that arise from smoking can be reduced to a lower risk level or even completely eradicated by deploying smoking cessation behavior modification techniques and sticking by it to the later. Key modification methods Lifestyle modification-this is a technique that gradually helps smokers drift away from habits that may compromise their pursuit to quit smoking. These modifications include keeping off from alcohol during the smoking cessation period, avoiding being idle by finding something to do or going for along walk during leisure time and also eating healthy food and plenty of water to help in cleaning up the system. Seeking counseling and advice from the physician-this is crucial in boosting the patient’s esteem and giving them morale to successfully undertake the program. The physicians may use the five A’s model to facilitate smoking cessation and this includes: Ask-may ask the patient about tobacco use, Advice the patient to quit smoking, Assess patient’s de
The optometry center project entails the development of a total eye care centre. The optometrist store will carry out activities such as clinical assessment of eyes and prescribing to customers the right products. The store will offer glasses, sunglasses, and contact lenses. The project is viable in that almost 480,000 Australians are visually impaired. This makes the Optometry and Optical Dispensing industry a target for many investors. The industry could generate revenue of $1.57 billion, indicating an increase of almost 0.8% from 2010. In terms of total spending in the health care sector, Optometry and Optical Dispensing industry takes 0.8% of the total expenditure. Thus, prior to commencement of the business, the entrepreneur needs to source viable suppliers, medical staff, and the right equipment and also find the right channels to market the products (Zurn et al., 2004; Sullivan & Steven, 2003). The project intends to provide the community with health requirements and consequently fill the gaps in the market. After developing the project, we have inculcated the requirements needed in any optometry business. Most of these are competitors and development of SMART objectives (Sekaran, 2005). For instance, initially we thought the project had very few competitors but having been located in an affluent neighborhood; competition from other private businesses was likely to crop up. Thus, to beat this, we had to develop strategies such as the 40 minutes free consultation time. Additionally, the event was a complete learning experience for the members as sources of money were not real. This became a real constraint on our part, coupled with the sourcing of products for the project. Thus in future, prior to any business venture, one needs to plan ahead and have other sources of money other than completely relying on the allocation of funds, perhaps, from the health care industry. Further, employee satisfaction is also important in such a business as it avoids unpleasant surprises such as employee resignation and ensuring that turnover is maintained over the years (O’Brien & Dowling, 2000; Freeman, 2000). This is especially vital in a competitive industry as well as an income generating industry in the sense that most of the populations have eye care problems. A notable significance of the venture in the learning process was the few constraints we identified, while completely ignoring other vital aspects such as maintenance of the right stock. In such a business, however, bulk buying is vital as economies of scale would mostly apply (Armstrong, 2006). Further, the creation of customer-tailored products is very vital as this makes the customer develop a one on one relationship with the retailer. In future developments, customer satisfaction, product quality, the need to consider reigning competition and development of the most current products are among the key factors to consider prior to engaging in any business. Product
What appears to be the main idea implemented in the movie “Boomerang Family”? The movie Boomerang Family is a calm and kind motion picture on the topic of household relations and, without any doubts, understanding, and compromise. The picture keeps an eye on the steps of the day-to-day existence of a dysfunctional family, where the three brothers and a sister one by one decided to return to their family home and live together with their aging mother. It is impossible not to adore the chemistry between the brothers and sisters. What is more, their criticisms, shrieks, and punches will make anybody laugh. The film can be regarded as an illustration of basic values concerning the Korean family. The filmmakers tell the story of siblings who find comfort in their mother’s house. The blood bond is one of the most sacred concepts in Korean culture, and it is vividly represented in the movie. Although siblings may fight or argue, they will always support each other and together will be able to find their ways. The movie reveals Koreans’ views on the extended family, which is the norm. How is the concept of family and marriage discovered throughout the movie? To some extent, Boomerang Family provides a picture of the somewhat gloomy and, at the same time, the heartwarming awareness that changing aspects of the family in reality not ever actually change. Korean family values are unveiled in the movie. When children (at any age) need support, they can find it in their parents’ home. This can be quite striking for Western people who tend to cope with their issues on their own. However, Korean parents find it normal to provide help to their children as Koreans believe that family members should stick together and support each other. The mother explains this concept in simple words saying, “Live, eat, and sleep, cry and laugh together, that’s what a family is” (Hae-sung, Boomerang Family ). The movie shows the way these values work in Korean society. The ending of the film reveals the benefits of family bonds. Are the main characters portrayed as positive or negative? Han-Mo would give the impression of a poorly-suited older sibling, bearing in mind the fact that that he simply exists in the framework of his home; nonetheless, he still intimidates his younger sibling all over the place and behaves as if he somehow appears to be in charge of his brothers’ happiness and comfort. Even though Mi-Yeon is at present a mommy herself, her decisions seem to be doubtful and every so often in requisite of assistance from her other brothers. Finally, In-Mo, regardless of his finest and topmost hard work, continually discovers himself in the possession of the household equivocations and confrontations as the traditional gentleman. The mother of these brothers and sister is, as expected, ever-persevering and ever-considerate (Hae-sung, Boomerang Family ). The characters cannot be regarded as negative or positive as they possess both bad and good features. However, their affection towards each other makes them seem positive and appealing. Works Cited Boomerang Family. Dir. Song Hae-sung. Seoul: Invent Stone Corp, 2013.