ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The first substantial change in humanity’s ‘cosmic perspective’ occurred when Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolas Copernicus developed a new model of the universe in the late 16 th century (Pruett 11). Copernicus’s work challenged the then-dominant geocentric theory formulated by Ptolemy who believed that the Sun and planets revolved around the Earth. Another radical shift in people’s perception of the cosmos was brought about by Edwin Hubble who proved the existence of galaxies that cannot be seen by Earth-based telescopes, thereby further expanding people’s understanding of the universe (Schultz 24). This paper aims to discuss the contributions of the two scientists to the change in humanity’s ‘cosmic perspective.’ The paper will also explore how their views were perceived by the scientific community, religious groups, and society in general. Discussion The formulation of the new and radical view of the cosmos by Copernicus occurred in the years when European astronomy experienced a major reform ushered in by the expansion of global trade that relied on the use of precise navigation tools. Copernicus studied closely the works of European astronomers such as Peurbach and Regiomontanus as well as Pythagorean mathematics in the University of Cracow (Pruett 19). The scientific background allowed him to formulate the basics of the heliocentric system in his first work that written in 1514, which was almost 40 years before the publication of his groundbreaking manuscript titled “On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres” (Pruett 20). The scientist knew that even though his radical model of the universe provided “a simple explanation for the retrograde motions of the planets” (Pruett 20), it would be perceived extremely negatively by the Church because it demoted humanity to a humbler position in a cosmic hierarchy. During his lifetime, he was continuously mocked by the scientific community. Even though he was not officially punished for heresy, religious authorities and groups of regular citizens who espoused geocentric views severely criticized his work. The Copernican revolution gained significant traction only in the early 17 th century when Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo provided the observational evidence supporting the heliocentric model (Pruett 21). Another breakthrough in the humans’ understanding of the universe was achieved by an American astronomer, Edwin Hubble in 1923 (Schultz 24). The astronomer used the Hooker Telescope, which was the largest astronomical tool at the time, to study the Andromeda nebula. The scientist wanted to compare the brightness of novae that had been previously discovered in the Andromeda nebula to the absolute brightness of novae within the Andromeda Galaxy to measure its distance (Schultz 25). However, he learned that the nebula was not a part of the Milky Way because it consisted of numerous clouds of stars (Schultz 25). The astronomer’s contribution to humanity’s unde
The UAE’s Vision 2030 and the country’s National Agenda were designed partly to help raise its Happiness Index concerning those of other countries, both in the Gulf and globally. Presently, the UAE is ranked number one in the region and the 21st worldwide regarding Happiness Index levels. However, an open letter from His Highness, Vice President Sheikh Mohammed, to all government departments confirmed the nation’s commitment to reaching its citizens’ highest satisfaction levels. In line with the above revelation, this paper explores the relevance of customer touchpoints in helping the UAE government and the private sector attain outstanding customer satisfaction feedback. Key touchpoints to be considered in this paper include the service delivery period, the Internet (including social media), and government policies. Using evidence from the existing literature, this report argues that the examination of touchpoints will help promote the objective of making the UAE the happiest nation across the world. Emphasis will be laid on aspirations encompassed in both the national agenda and the Vision 2030. Aims and Objectives This report discusses the relevance of customer touchpoints in achieving remarkable customer satisfaction levels in the UAE in line with the national agenda and Vision 2030. It seeks to define and give relevant examples of ‘touchpoints’ for the present case. This report aims to identify and discuss the implications of said touchpoints for the UAE government. Further, it offers a reflection on the nation’s Happiness Index and investigates significant quality issues that limit the realization of UAE’s objective of becoming the happiest nation internationally. Literature Review Defining TouchPoints and Elaborating their Relevance Numerous studies have addressed the subject of touchpoints and their contribution to enhancing customers’ satisfaction levels. As such, varying definitions have been put forward, depending on different authors’ viewpoints. For instance, according to Lim, Al-Aali, and Heinrichs (2015), touchpoints refer to all areas where companies interact with customers. This contact is not limited to the physical sense of the term. It encompasses online correspondence and advertising. Stein and Ramaseshan (2016) describe a touchpoint as any interaction between businesses and customers. According to these authors, such an encounter can be physical, communicative, or sensory (Stein & Ramaseshan, 2016). Further, Lemon and Verhoef (2016) present touchpoints as all activities between org
Introduction The cooling curves of the pure compounds and various mixtures were used to construct a solid-liquid phase diagram of the biphenyl and naphthalene systems. A phase diagram shows melting, freezing, vaporization, and sublimation. These graphs represent the temperature, pressure, and composition relationships. One of the easiest ways is to use cooling curves to create phase diagrams and determine phase transition temperatures. The melting point of a substance may be determined by measuring the rate at which it cools from a liquid to a solid at a constant atmospheric pressure. Assuming the composition of the samples is known, the rate at which each combination cools may be used to establish the eutectic temperature. Eutectic systems are those in which the melting or solidifying point is lower than the melting point of any one component. The binary phase diagram illustrates the combined cooling curves of the two components to show how each affects the total cooling of the solution. Each component of the mixture contributes to the solution’s solidification as it cools. At a given time, one of the components will begin to solidify, which may be referred to as compound Y. This slows the cooling process, as seen by the graph’s decreasing slope. Since compound Y is in the solid state, the liquid becomes enriched in compound X, which rises until the eutectic point. A eutectic point will be reached at this moment when both chemicals X and Y have solidified, and the temperature will no longer change. The cooling of the mixture will continue after the solidification of the mixture has occurred at a pace defined by the heat capacities of the two solids and the composition of the provided mixture. The binary system’s phase diagram may then be mapped using the pure and depressed melting points. From this, the limiting tangent slopes may be used to determine the enthalpy of fusion for each component. The chemical potential of solid X in a mixture is stated to be the same as pure solid Y at the same temperature and pressure. The following equation (1) can be used to describe the liquid and solid phases of a component’s potential chemical relationship at pressure P and temperature T.   (1)  The chemical potential relationship of pure solid A and solid A in the mixture can thus be
Description of the Case The patient was an 83-year-old gentleman that has been experiencing specific health problems for the past three weeks. This situation was new to him as he is an independent person with no prior history of other medical conditions requiring urgent treatment. The principal symptom of the patient was shortness of breath, which led to the hospital visit. After conducting an X-ray survey, acute pulmonary edema with right-side lower lobe pneumonia was diagnosed. The patient’s state’s principal indicators included a temperature of 38.6, a heart rate of 140 bpm, a blood pressure of 108/56, and a respiratory rate of 33. Moreover, the elderly man was diagnosed with COVID and blood gas in respiratory acidosis. In accordance with his health condition, he needed to be intubated due to the inability to use the machine for further continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. He also needed to inform the doctor in the hospital’s intensive care unit about such circumstances. According to the assessment of medical personnel, the patient was not that distressed and could go to a general ward. With the consideration of all the given conditions, the doctor explained his situation and possible options to him. Feelings I managed to influence the outcome for the patient and convinced the doctor to change the initial decision, which was to refuse intubation. As he explained to the elderly man, in the case of the provision of intubation, it would take time to get him off the ventilator. Therefore, the doctor did not consider it appropriate to use intubation. However, there were other facts to examine, and I felt that it would be wrong to exclude specific ethical concerns corresponding to ICN and APHRA codes of ethics. Hence, the effectiveness of multidisciplinary teamwork is conditional upon the correspondence to the mentioned ethical standards. The patient was puzzled when he was not given enough time to think. The doctor simply stated that he does not want to be on life support. I considered it as a hasty decision and talked to him about the circumstances of the patient’s life who catered for his wife and was quite an independent person (Sabeghi, Nasiri, Zarei, Tabar, & Golbaf, 2017). All in all, I was happy to have been the patient’s advocate. Evaluation On reflection, I realized that it is vital for medical personnel to cooperate in terms of making decisions on the care provided for patients. In the case of the elderly patient, I managed to employ the model of closed-loop communication allowing participants to clarify the correspondence of an original message to its interpretation by the recipient (Salik & Ashurst, 2019). According to this approach, the receipt of information by the patient should be verified by the medical personnel so that he could make an informed decision on the preferred option of care provision. However, from the point of the fact given above, the actions of the doctor can be viewed as unprofessional. He did not give the patient enough time to think o
Introduction Competitive advantage is the superiority gained by organizations and industries due to their provision of services and products that are unique as compared to their competitors in the same market. For firms to maintain competitive advantage, they have to poses key attributes, capabilities and competences. The firm must be perceived in a different manner by the customers for it to gain competitive advantage. For the service industry to attain competitive advantage, the managers must strategically plan and overcome all challenges and issues in the current market. Competition strategies There are various strategies that have been adapted by managers in their quest to increase their market share, that is, to gain the competitive advantage. These strategies revolve around three major concepts; these are; Cost leadership strategy This concept entails all the strategies developed by managers to reduce the cost of products and services. When service costs are reduced, the customers tend to demand more based on the law of demand. Differentiation strategy In this strategy, the managers try to develop products that are unique and cater for a given group. Focus strategy The firms that apply either cost or differentiation strategies tend to target a specific market. Peculiarity of the service industry The service industry is more peculiar as compared to other industries in terms of building and sustaining competitive advantage. Firstly, Products are concrete while services are abstract and very hard to define. Secondly, products are homogenous and can be standardized while services are heterogonous and differ from one company to another. Lastly, services are consumed at their production stage and cannot be stocked to be used later. All these factors make service managers face a more challenging environment when creating competitive advantage (Hatice 4). In addition to the aforementioned issues regarding the peculiarity of the service industry, managers faced space and time limitations. Most service industries have fixed space and time in regard to the services they offer. For example, a trainer can only handle a specific number of students while a hotel can onl
It is often said that it is easy to find moral courage in various individuals that have been celebrated for their actions throughout history yet it is far harder and a lot more interesting to try to find moral courage in historical figures that have been vilified for their actions and treated as cowards. In the history of choices and the way in which they leave an indelible mark by which a person is judged the decision of betrayal made by Benedict Arnold has forever marked him in infamy as a traitor to the American Revolution and the measure by which future traitors are compared to (Evisum, 1). While history has marked him a traitor to America Benedict Arnold was actually a revolutionary hero before he became traitor. His actions at the Battle of Valcour Island, the Battle of Ridgefield and the Battle of Saratoga contributed immensely towards ensuring the survival of the revolution. Unfortunately, despite his successes at the battlefield he was repeatedly passed over for promotion and was accused numerous times by political and military opponents of corruption. Despite these accusations Arnold continued to faithfully serve the early Continental Congress and was actually one of the cornerstones of the revolutionary effort as indicated by various historical records and historians alike. It must be noted that even though he had contributed vast sums to the war effort the early Continental Congress accused him of owing them money (Evisum, 1). From these events it can be seen that initially, Arnold displayed courage, conviction and utter selflessness risking his life numerous times and nearly driving himself to bankruptcy in order to liberate the original 13 colonies from British rule. As a result of all these allegations in spite of his efforts to help win the war Arnold became disenchanted and turned traitor to the revolution. Under the theory of utilitarianism the moral worth of a perceived action is actually reliant on its resulting outcome. This means that the overall usefulness of a particular action is dependent on the resulting positive utility created and the reduction in negative utility. In the case of Benedict Arnold his contributions helped to en
Introduction Education has become one of the most important and at the same time one of the most controversial aspects of the American society today. This is given the fact that the leaders and the public at large have realized that the American citizen is today competing in a global arena. And in order for Americans to compete favorably with other citizens of both developed and developing nations, they need to be equipped with the right and necessary skills. These skills can only be instilled effectively through an effective education system. As such, many policies have been formulated, all aimed at improving the quality of American education. These policies include increased funding by the federal and central governments to education, improvement of the training that is given to teachers among others. The No Child Left Behind Act remains one of the most notable and significance legislations affecting the American education in the twenty first century. It remains one of George W. Bush’s significance legacies in the American society. Senator Ted Kennedy is one of the politicians credited with the crafting of this bill, and his lobbying ensured that it received overwhelming support in congress when it came up for discussion. The act came into effect in 2001, and since then, it has seen increased federal funding of public education over the years. For example, in 2001, the federal government pumped $42.2 billion into the education sector, and this increased to $54.4 billion in 2007 as a result of the act (Lips 4). The amount of funds that was directly linked to the No Child Left Behind policy was increased by more than 40 percent between 2001 and 2007, translating into an increase from 17.4 billion dollars to 24.4 billion dollars (Lips 4). However, despite this and other advantages of the policy, analysts are of the view that the No Child Left Behind has done more harm to American education than good. If no modifications of the act are forthcoming, the quality of education in this quality will be jeopardized. In fact, instead of modifying the act, the American education sector will benefit if the policy was overhauled and replaced with other beneficial policies. The NCLB Act: Some of the Benefits Before embarking on some of the weaknesses and shortcomings of this policy which has become the face of American education today, it is important to acknowledge that it has some benefits, albeit few, that it has brought into the education sector. One of such benefi
Within rapid advances in modern society, there is a number of global companies that define the development and overall dimension of the business scene. Caterpillar is the prominent American corporation that contributes “construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines, and diesel-electric locomotives” (Mannheim 2017). It operates through its three core product segments, such as Construction Industries, Resource Industries, and Energy & Transportation. Besides, the company includes Financial Products segment, which implies financing and associated services. Considering its leadership position, it is essential to examine Caterpillar’s business lean processes that aim at innovation and the company’s efficiency for both the company and its clients. Lean Remanufacturing in Caterpillar Caterpillar is the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), as well as the leading remanufacturer that attains 30 years of proficiency. According to Pawlik, Ijomah, and Corney (2016), this enterprise recycles and remanufactures over 50,000 tons of used products annually involving 17 remanufacturing facilities. As the OEM, the company can access the technical information of every element along with managing the after-sales and intellectual property. Hence, the Caterpillar’s team consists of particularly devoted to remanufacturing process personnel that provides an excellent work performance. The lean manufacturing at Caterpillar is currently implemented on a larger scale compared with the start-up methodology. With that said, one of the innovative strategies is the value stream mapping as the basis for better comprehension of the remanufacturing process and mentioned wastes. As described by Pawlik, Ijomah, and Corney (2016), the map includes “all the processes, inventory, flow of information” and other components as part of the remanufacturing facility (p. 185). As a result, such informational awareness disclosed the actual large numbers of waste and the possible resolutions for the improvement of the company’s performance. Besides, this innovation considerably changed the plant’s layout. Taking into account the very essence of the remanufacturing process and the relevance of the correct assessment, the visual strategy includes an inspection step together with machining and assembly areas. Therefore, each of the components’ sustainability can be tested at work instruction, which also might function as a reminder for operators of the quality value. Furthermore, visual management displays are applied to control the most critical areas within the facility by giving clear information about their functioning. The display consists of the section boards and facility boards to “measure, communicate, and control” the key metrics, such as “people, quality, speed, and cost” (Pawlik, Ijomah, and Corney, 2016, p. 186). Moreover, the section metrics boards include the ten core most common defects. Thus, these visual displays facilitate the better performance of machine operators in the lean process and emphasize the predominant quality issues in the formatio
Born in Chicago on December 20, 1954, Sandra Cisneros is an acclaimed American writer, who rose to fame in 1984 after her first chef-d’oeuvre novel, The House on Mango Street. In 1991, she came up with another enthralling collection of short stories entitled Woman Hollering Creek and other Stories. This paper focuses on the life and work of Sandra Cisneros. Cisneros was the only daughter in a family of seven children, and they often traveled from Mexico to the United States, as her father was involved in upholstery, which demanded constant movement between the two countries. Growing as the lone daughter was a complex phenomenon because she felt excluded from the family. Besides, her father compounded Cisneros’ woes because he referred to his family as six boys and a girl instead of seven children. Moreover, the six brothers decided to pair in twos, which alienated Cisneros further. However, this alienation was a blessing as it forced Cisneros to start observing her environment carefully, which later inspired her writing career. She noted the poverty and repression that women were exposed to in an economically unequal and chauvinistic society. She observed the outstanding elements in her culture, which set it apart from the others and started writing about the same. She posits, “I intentionally started writing about all the things in my culture that were different from them—the poems that are these city voices – the first part of Wicked Wicked Ways – and the stories in House on Mango Street ” (Dasenbrock, 1992, p. 302). Later in life, Cisneros taught in different institutions as a creative writer and administrator. Normally, she draws her writing inspiration from personal experiences and occurrences in her environment. Cisneros has written eleven books starting with her 1980 inaugural piece, Bad Boys, and ending with the 2015 masterpiece, A House of My Own. Besides, she has contributed to several other books including Things We Do Not Talk About and Emergency Tacos among others. However, as mentioned earlier, The House on Mango Street pushed Cisneros into the limelight. Cisneros’ works are underlined with simplicity, rich diction involving bilingualism, and narrative modes, which set her apart as a writer. One of the outstanding themes in Cisneros’ works is femininity and issues surrounding female sexuality. Apparently, the Mexican and Anglo-American cultures where Cisneros was brought up celebrated misogynists starting with her father and brothers. This aspect explains why femininity takes a central place in her writings. For instance, in The House on Mango Street, women are subjected to untold humiliation, which involves physical abuse from men. The protagonist, Esperanza, comes out as a dejected person, “She looked out the window her whole life, the way so many women sit their sadness on an elbow” (Cisneros, 1984, p. 11). Cisneros also focuses on the development of the Chicana identity because she felt lost during her youth. According to Doyle (1996), Cisneros felt lost between the American and Mexican cultures, as she could not identify with any. I think Cisneros’ work