Introduction Aristotle’s writing in this document is a provocative economic analysis of the ancient period. The document discusses how justice was executed in distribution and exchange. It uses the reality of human inequality and diversity in providing some economic ideas. The document directly tries to identify commercial transactions with some types of justice. These types of justice are used to explain how individuals can exchange goods proportionately between them and how unequal exchanges can be solved. The document highlights how money is used in solving the problem as a common standard of measure (Johnson, 2014). This discussion on different types of justice and their execution implies society’s political theories and moral standing. Challenging the assumption of the period in which the document was produced The central discussion of the document revolves around justice to provide a scrutinized analysis of money and exchange. It shows how the rules of justice are applied to economic transactions. Firstly, a distinction between particular justice and universal justice has been provided. It helps to explain how particular justice will be applied in commercial transactions since it entails quantitative relationships. Under this classification of justice, there is the rectification or distributive justice that is involved in making things right by eliminating unjust gain and reinstating unfair losses. It also gives other ways of compensating individuals for damages or losses suffered. On the other hand, reciprocity justice is a bit different since it entails the interchanging of goods and services to derive mutual benefits from specific characteristics of the exchanged things (Johnson, 2014). Justice is hence used to determine the correct shares applicable in different relationships. By use of trading partners involved in various works of art, it analyzes their subjective interactions while seeking to have mutual benefits from an economic transaction. It comes up with the concept of mutual subjective utility as a basis of exchange as well as the notion that reciprocity should agree with proportions. By referencing justice as being just and injustice as performing the unjust, the document tries to prove that there should be an equivalent exchange received for every commercial exchange. An explanation of just distribution, ratio, and proportion concepts are applied to show the treatment of justice. Lack of justifiable ratios that could be used in fair exchange presented a serious and authentic economic problem. A quantitative and precise way of measuring goods was not available. This is because the fair exchange of things is the reciprocity of proportion and not equality. This is only achievable by equalizing the proportion of products or services that are subject to exchange. In this case, there should be an establishment of proportionate equality between products to make products that are created with varying values equal (Johnson, 2014). The problem of using a common standard to measure things is also analyzed. The manner of setting the right ratios to ensure there is a fair exchange of heterogeneous items is challenged. To solve this problem, the document suggests a principle that allows unequal and non-comparable items to be equated. The docume