ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In this paper, the topic “The odds and consequences of the Earth being hit by an asteroid or a large meteor” is going to discussed. This is a very important topic since it is imperative for the astronomers as well as the general public to be aware of the chances of the Earth being hit and the consequences that may follow in order to take the necessary measures. There is going to be a general discussion about the asteroids and meteors and this will be followed by a discussion about the consequences of the Earth being hit by an asteroid or a larger meteor. There is also going to be a discussion about the chances of the Earth being hit and how to deal with this threat. In the conclusion section, a summary of the discussion is going to be given. Asteroids and Meteors An asteroid is a lump of rock which moves around the sun. The asteroids are sometimes referred to as minor planets. A large number of asteroids move around the sun in a wide band between the planets Mar and Jupiter, referred to as the asteroid belt. This belt is about two hundred and fifteen million miles wide. The asteroids are pieces that were left behind after formation of the planets from rocks. Among the asteroids, there are those that travel outside the asteroid belt and move out toward the planet Saturn or in toward the planet Earth (Kindersley, 2007). On the other hand, the meteors are mostly sand grain sized rock pieces which travel in space at a speed of up to hundreds of kilometers per second. When they get into the atmosphere of the earth, they burn up and subsequently create bright flashes across the sky (What are meteors, 2011). Most of them come from the asteroids which are crushed by impacts with other asteroids. In some cases, they originate from the moon and possibly from Mars and comets (What are Meteorites?, n.d). As indicated in the graph below, the meteorites that are about 1mm in diameter hit the Earth approximately once in every thirty seconds. But on the other hand, those that are larger in size hit the Earth less often. For instance, as indicated in the graph, the objects that are 1 km in diameter hit the planet once in every 1 million years and those that have a diameter of ten kilometers strike the Earth once in every one hundred million years (Nelson, 2011). The Consequences of the Earth Being Hit An asteroid which may come down from the sky would have a large quantity of energy. For instance, in the year 2008, it was expected that the asteroid named 1997XF11 would fall very close to the Earth but would miss it. If something was done in order that it actually hit the earth, what would result was an asteroid that is one mile wide striking the surface of the earth at a speed of thirty thousand miles per hour. An asteroid that is moving at such a great speed would possess the energy that is approximately equivalent to one million m
Before venturing into a new business, it is vital for the owners to analyze the situation and the various factors that are critical in determining the structure of the business. Given that the business would involve the two of us there are factors that we shall put into consideration before deciding on the business structure that would be suitable. The first important thing we shall consider is the management of our business. As the owners of this new business we shall endeavor to have control over the management of the new business. We do not want a situation whereby another party would come in and control the management of the new business. The structure that we would arrive at must enable us to retain control of the administration and management of the business. In this case only the two of us shall be the major policy and decision makers of the business. Capital of the new business is also a factor to be put into consideration. The amount of capital has to be decided and how it will be raised will also help in determining the business structure. Our business will be focused on making craft items and selling them on the internet so as to make profits out of the anticipated sales. This purpose will be very important in our choice of structure. The income that is expected to come from the business will be divided amongst the two of us for our own personal development. There would be need for the business ownership to protect the assets of the business from the creditors. This would also be factor when deciding on the choice of structure for the business. The cost of venturing into the new business would also be a factor in determining the structure of our new business. Costs of the business would include the initial costs of establishing the business plus the costs of maintaining and running the business. This would be important in determining the structure because they will have implications on the two of us as the owners. We shall focus on minimizing the costs that would be needed for starting the business and running it to profitability. Matters concerning taxation would also be factored in the course of choosing the structure. The structure arrived at should be such that it would minimize on the tax we shall be required to pay for marketing our products and making sales on the internet. The tax liability is different for the various business structures. This therefore means that a suitable structure for our business should be one that does not take a lot in terms of tax. On the basis of this analysis the best structure for our new business would be a partnership. This form of structure would allow fro flexibility in the business this is in terms of decision making. The changi
During summer holidays, I attended endurance athletics in Hileman Road, Atlanta. This event involved different forms of sporting competitions such as athletics, swimming, weight lifting, and cycling. I went to the ten-kilometer athletics arena, which involved male athletes from different regions competing for the Hileman Sports Award. This endurance event posed stress and challenge to athletes as evidenced by my observation and their response on being interviewed. During the event, there were visual differences in athletes who won the race and those who lost. The athlete who came first was sweating, looked confident, and showed power and ease in the race. While taking salt pills, he looked less fatigued, and the event seemed to have less challenge on his body, unlike other athletes. On the other hand, the athletes who came last complained of fatigue, muscle cramping, headache, and pain. Also, they had minimal sweat production. The challenge of the competition was unbearable to their bodies because some ended fainting on completing the ten-kilometer race (1vigor, par. 4). The above differences can be explained in physiological, exercise, and training perspectives. The athlete who came first (successful athlete) had the features above even after a challenging event because his body was able to withstand stress and challenges posed by this difficult event. His performance depended on optimum body function enhanced by proper hydration and blood flow. This was evidenced by sweating and his ability to complete the race with ease. Moreover, his performance in this event was due to his body’s ability to optimize the internal environment under stress and challenge. Fluid-electrolyte balance contributed to the optimum function of muscles and muscle impulses, as he took salt pills after the race. The salt pills were taken to provide sodium to the athlete’s body. This is because sweating (caused by heat stress) results in loss of sodium in sweat (1vigor, par. 2-5). According to Hatfield, challenging one’s physical ability is achieved by gradually imposing a challenge on muscles. The gradual imposition of challenge (ten-kilometer race) on the winner over the racing period and during training gave him the power to fit in the next level (successful completion of the race) (Hatfield, 2005). On the other hand, athletes who came last complained of muscle cramping due to the accumulation of lactic acid, which irritated muscles and nerves. The fatigue, minimal sweat production, pain, and headache meant that their bodies were dehydrated due to stress and challenge. Furthermore, heat stress generated during the race negatively influenced their ability to engage in this event as the increase in the core temperature of the body caused dehydration (1vigor, par. 3). In this event, I had an opportunity to interview the winner and some athletes in the middle pack (neither first nor last). The winner attributed his success to use of the set system, consistent exercising, focus during exercises, the gradual imposition of difficult exercises, challenges to the body, high altitude training, specialized du
Ethics and Job: Deploying Several Systems of Ethics  1. Every single decision related to the production process must be guided by the highest ethical principles.  2. All professional responsibilities and activities must be carried out according to the schedule and plan.  3. Data security must be promoted as the key principle of information management.  4. An IT specialist must perform their duties with diligence and care.  5. An IT specialist must carry out self-evaluations regularly to meet the demands of the existing It standards in terms of knowledge and skills.  6. It is important to undergo regular training and keep an eye on the innovations in the IT market to be ready to address any issue with a proper tool. Ethics and Team Management: Communication Issues Apart from the ethical concerns related to the daily routine of an IT expert, one must also follow the basic rules for collaborating with the rest of the team members or manage a team of subordinates; either way, one must be ready for identifying the most efficient communication tools, solving conflicts and creating the environment favorable for transferring data fast.  1. An IT specialist must be guided by key ethical principles and make sure that their actions are meant to affect all the stakeholders involved positively.  2. An IT specialist must take the possible implications of their actions into account when addressing a particular issue.  3. The communication process within a team of IT specialists must be based on the principles of knowledge sharing; no data must be disclosed for personal benefit.  4. Identifying the potential threats to the security of the company’s information, as well as the personal data of the company’s clients, and addressing these threats in as an expeditious manner as possible is one of the key tasks of an IT specialist.  5. As an IT expert, one must adopt the proper strategy for creating password-protected databases, where the key data is stored.  6. Collecting information on the latest malware is a good strategy for getting prepared for a possible attack on the firm’s databases.  7. For the successful performance of an IT expert, time is often of the essence. Hence, a solid time management strategy must be created.  8. Though monitoring employees’ actions on the Internet may be seen as ethically controversial, it does serve the purpose of protecting the company and its customers. Ethics and Clients: Customer Satisfaction as the Top Priority  1. An IT specialist must bear in mind that the relationships with the customers and other stakeholders are crucial to their image. Therefore, the following rules must be followed:  2. The customers’ personal information is not to be disclosed to any third party.  3. An IT specialist must do everything possible to secure the customers’ data from possible disclosure.  4. No actions of an IT specialist must be aimed at injuring or impugning the customers, the staff, or any other.  5. The use of key loggers and screen capturing devices must be adopted only in case of urgency and the need to solve a complicated conflict; otherwise, tracking down the activities of users can be viewed as an infri
Craft practice has a long history full of important events (Helland, Lemire, and Buis 1). Numerous researchers try to explore the events related to replacement of craft methods with mechanized methods of production (Smith and Martello 169). Alexis de Tocqueville, a French political theorist, presented a well-grounded exploration of the politics of skilled labor in the era of Industrialization in his article How an Aristocracy May Emerge from Industry, from Democracy in America . The analysis of the article helps to reveal its contribution to the twentieth-century craft history field. Summary of the Main Theme The main theme of the article is related to the hierarchy within America’s capitalist manufacturing system that was evolving in the 1830s. The author shares his observations on the changes in the character of the labor of craftsmen. The author reveals that when a craftsman does the same work every day, he becomes more weak and dependent. These changes lead to greater speed and economy, but cause the craftsmen to lose “the general faculty of applying his mind to the direction of the work” (Tocqueville 62). Such situation is determined by the author as typical for America of that time. Besides, Tocqueville claims that the work of manufacturers of that time required much intelligence and a large amount of capital while previously such role was abandoned for “poor or ignorant craftsmen” (62). Therefore, the author demonstrates that the changes in the character of work of masters and workmen caused huge differences between them. Such situation logically promoted the manufacturers to become more aristocratic. However, the author emphasizes that aristocratic manufacturers did not have traditions or purposes in common, and, therefore they could not be unified into a definite class. Moreover, there was no real bond between them and the poor, as masters and workmen were not continuously connected to duty or habit. The manufacturing aristocracy of that time did not have an opportunity to hold upon the employers, but neither had an obligation to provide some support for them. Such aristocracy used the workmen as long as there was a need, and, afterward, abandoned them “to be supported by the charity of the public” (Tocqueville 63). Therefore, the author concludes that such aristocracy was supposed to become the harshest that ever existed as it diminished the labor of employees. However, it did not present serious threat, as the employees were not bonded to one employer. Contextualization for the Reading The article describes the tendencies that occurred in the United States at the beginning of the nineteenth century. In particular, Tocqueville explores the specifics of politics of skilled labor witnessed by him during the tour to America in 1831-1832. That labor of that time was largely influenced by the changes in America’s capitalist manufacturing system. While previously craftsmen were regarded as people possessing specific knowledge that was difficult to obtain, the era described by the author faced the changes in the character of craftsmen’s work, as they became only a small part of the mechanism
Abstract The leadership of any organization is charged with great responsibility to define the most appropriate course of action to be adopted by the organization. Such decisions are normally made by high ranking officials in the organization such as the Chief Executive Officers and Directors. The success of the organization is contingent on binding decisions made by such leaders. Due to this reason, the leaders need to be adequately informed every time they make crucial decisions. Lack of sufficient information on pending cases may lead to future managerial problems. Moreover, the leaders should also be in a position to make independent judicious decisions. This is one of the most important abilities that every leader should possess. Introduction The Chief Executive Officer is among the high ranking officials in any organization. Such an officer does not have to go to the field to oversee the implementation of projects. Instead, he or she has the privilege to stay in his office and get updated about the status of the organization by his or her junior officers (Scholtes, 1998). However, the case of the CEO discussed in this paper is different. The CEO has the habit of unconscientiously using tactical leadership methods as opposed to strategic leadership methods which are fit for his position. This paper posits that it is inappropriate for the Chief Executive Officer to apply tactical leadership skills instead of strategic leadership skills. The paper will also discuss appropriate solutions to the problems presented. Mission And Vision Achievement The Chief Executive Officer should focus more on using strategic skills instead of tactical skills. This is because strategic skills are appropriate for making the best decisions. While strategic leadership is concerned with attaining the vision of the company on one hand, tactical leadership fulfills its mission on the other (Spain and Ron, 2000). The vision is differentiated from the mission due to its superiority. The vision always precedes the mission. Although the mission of the company is part of the efforts geared at attaining the vision, the CEO should focus on vision-oriented techniques rather than myopic mission-oriented techniques. Therefore, it is inappropriate for the Chief Executive Officer to apply tactical approaches to the issue of acquisition instead of deploying strategic approaches
Introduction Cognitive learning is the form of education, which fosters a learner’s ability to use his/her visual, auditory, and touch receptors, helping a brain to process the information faster. Scholars differentiate the concept of cognition from that of conditioning by the number of aspects. The former accentuates attention on the obtainment and use of knowledge, while the latter gives priority to stimulus and response (Morgan, 2016). Many experts view cognition as merely the mental process of perceiving and storing the acquired information, which, in contrast to conditioning, is not emphasized by emotional coloring. In general, the principles of cognitive learning are tracked throughout human activities playing the principal part in discovering and learning new information. The Role Cognition and Thought Play in Learning Cognitive learning encompasses a range of abilities, including attention, categorization, self-recognition, behavioral inhibition, and more. This process usually occurs when one receives sensory perception of material through the interaction with images, sounds, or surface characteristics of an object (Rosenthal & Zimmerman, (2014). Each time a person sees, hears, or touches the source of new knowledge, he/she engages in learning. The way individuals classify events and objects that they encounter in everyday life often determines how successful their consumption of new material will be. Cognition serves as the primary factor assisting learners with a given classification. Another role that the concept plays in learning is helping people to comprehend things that are not materially conceivable. By referring
These days, there is hardly a nation that avoided the world tendency for globalization and preserved its “pure” culture. The process of globalization is closely related to the term “syncretism”. According to Dave Miller (2003), “syncretism is the fusion of differing systems of belief, as opposed to remaining individualistic”. In other words, it is an attempt to unite several different cultures or studies. This term was generally related to religion, however, today, it is closely related to anthropology and different cultural studies. It is a characteristic feature of a country with a big inflow of immigrants from different countries of the world. One of such countries is the United States of America. It is the best example of how different cultures, religions and traditions create a single unity. History and development of the country favored to a high level of syncretism in the country. However, if syncretism had not occurred in the Americas, modern culture could be different in several ways. First of all, it would interfere the development of the country and it could probably lead to the emergence of several independent states on the territory of the United States. According to Charles Stuart (1999): “Contemporary social theory has turned to focus on phenomena such as globalization, transnational nationalism, and the situation of Diaspora communities. The word syncretism has begun to appear alongside such related concepts as hybridization and creolization as a means of portraying the dynamics of global social development” (p. 40). This tendency appeared in the Unites States from the very moment of its appearance, as it was a home for people from different countries and with different cultural backgrounds. Syncretism is a process that assists a successful development of the country and society. It is a positive process and suggests that all people with their moral, religion and spiritual believes are equal. Inevitable, that syncretism may be regarded as a compromise among cultures. Moreover, it is a valuable symbiosis of these cultures that promote their mutually advantageous co-existence. So, “studies of New World syncretic phenomena by American anthropologists were colored by an optimism born in the heyday of America’s melting pot ideology” (Stewart and Shaw, 1994, p. 5). What consequences there could be if cultural syncretism did not appear? And how might modern culture be different from what we have used to see nowadays? It is rather hard to imagine that there is no a “mutually advantageous co-e