Introduction The history of the mankind is not only the achievements of technological progress, historical monuments, and scholarly works dedicated to the critical events and milestone dates in the history. According to Larsen (2000, p. ix), archaeology and osteology are sciences that help people get the more specific impression of history through the knowledge of what the lives of human beings was several centuries or thousands of years ago; what the illnesses and other health problems of those people were; what those people ate and how they developed through their lifecycles. Although osteology deals with the analysis of both human and non-human bone remnants, this paper considers the major methodologies for the osteological analysis of human bones and focuses on the pros and cons of the chosen methodologies in the context of the bone materials selected. Materials Chosen Materials’ Nature The materials chosen for the analysis consist of the numerous elements that together comprise skeletons of two human beings found on the site of Ardsallagh 1 (A008/035). These are two skeletons, whose sex is impossible to find out according to the structure of the human skeleton and its sex-related peculiarities because the skeletons are considerably defragmented and damaged by cremation. The skeletons were found at the site that had previously provided archeologists with rich material for analysis and conclusions about the history of the area. The fact that the nature of the material and the characteristics of the precise location where these materials were found are clear to archeologists and osteologists makes the analysis of these pieces of material easier and more focused. So does the detailed examination of the materials’ conditions. Overview and Conditions The first step in the osteological analysis is the overview of the materials’ conditions (Brothwell, 1981, p. 14). Accordingly, the skeletons under analysis display the traces of cremation. The skeletons chosen for the analysis are typical of the period of the Late Bronze Age, or earlier periods, during which there was a tradition to bury people through the procedure of cremation. As the result of numerous wounds, seemingly suffered in military operations, and after the cremation the skeletons are characterized by the considerable defragmentation. In more detail, the skeletons consist of 539 minor elements, whose identification and attribution to the respective parts of the human body is one of the tasks set for the osteological analysis process. The elements of the analyzed skeletons range in size from 15 to 30mm and are also characterized by the variety of colors, some of which testify that the skeletons actually were cremated at the temperatures ranging from 500 to 600 o C. According to the above stipulated data, the major tasks for the osteological analysis of the selected human bones include the identification of the cause of death (if at all possible on the basis of bone remains after cremation), finding out the age and health state of the persons at the time of cremation, and the age of the very skeleton elements. Materials’ Maintenance For the purposes of the proper analysis, the materials were taken up from the site of Ardsallag