ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is imperative to note that the neurological system is one of the most important parts of the human body because it transfers particular messages from different regions. The fact that it is incredibly complicated should not be overlooked, and it consists of the spinal cord, brain, organs that are related to senses and nerves. Also, it is necessary to mention that both central and peripheral neurological systems play a vital role. The brain is a central part of the system, and spinal cord is connected to the brainstem. Neurons are regarded as basic units, and they can transfer the information at a rapid speed (Saffrey 2013). Moreover, the system helps to coordinate a broad range of functions. For instance, particular sensory impulses that are received through nerves are analyzed, and commands are given to glands or muscles if it is necessary. Also, another factor that needs to be discussed is that this system collects and stores all the information because it can be incredibly valuable in the future (Alcedo, Flatt, & Pasyukova 2013). Another aspect that is worth noting is that many new technologies have been developed over the last few years and an ability to identify abnormalities in this system can be vital and would help to determine the underlying cause of a particular condition (Eidelberg 2007). Aging Also, it is necessary to mention that the impact of aging on the neurological system is quite significant because of such processes as atrophy. The number of cells in spinal cord and brain is reduced, and the information is transferred much more slowly. Such changes could lead to the formation of plaques and tumors are also problematic most of the time (Fabio 2013). Nerve tissue may also be affected by lipofuscin in some cases. The impact on senses also needs to be discussed. Some of the reflexes may be lost, and it could lead to problems with movement. Thoughts are generated slower. Also, it is paramount to understand that the risks of development of such conditions as Alzheimer disease also increase. Such illnesses as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are especially problematic in some cases. Sudden changes in behavior may also be noticed quite often. It is necessary to mention that it is suggested that an elderly individual should perform activities that would help to stimulate thinking. Physical exercise also should be valued because it increases the blood flow to core areas, and the numbers of brain cells that are lost are also reduced (Martin 2014). The problem is that this area is not yet fully studied, and it is evident that there is a need for future research because changes in the brain that are associated with aging are unique and such knowledge can be utilized to develop new methods of treatment (Glorioso & Sibille 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, it is necessary to mention that the way the neurological system is affected varies for every individual, but some of the processes as slower thinking and problems with memory
Introduction Modern social progress and civilization are the outcomes of numerous wars, conflicts, and ambiguous relationships among nations. There were always people who were eager to gain control over other groups and demonstrate their superiority in different forms. As a result, the citizens of the conquered land had to follow new orders, accept foreign rules, and change their routine styles of life as per the requests and needs of foreigners. Some of them were not ready to lose their freedoms and raised rebellions in order to demonstrate their rights and true intentions. In the history of the American Southwest region, there were many such situations, and the Great Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was one of them. Before the period of Spanish expeditions during the 1550s, Pueblo people lived their normal lives and took care of each other and their land (now known as New Mexico). As soon as the Spanish invaders reached the territory, certain changes could not be ignored. The Pueblo people were not satisfied with the attitudes, restrictions, and limitations; many cultural, environmental, political, economic, and religious concerns remained unsolved. New contradictions and conflicts occurred between old and new citizens of the Pueblo land. Many years of barbarism and cruelty of the Spanish people towards the Pueblo Indians resulted in the Pueblo Revolt. 1 2 Another significant contribution included the Spanish intention to change the spiritual beliefs of the locals and introduce Christianity as the only acceptable religion. 3 In this paper, the causes, development, and outcomes of the revolution will be discussed to prove the worth of this event in the history of Pueblo people, as well as in the history of the United States. There were several key figures and events that affected the progress of the revolt and its economic, cultural, social, and religious aspects. Although the pueblos’ independence from the Spanish did not last long, the Pueblo Revolt was the first succes
In bid to reduce escalating national debt, the White House proposed a budget control plan to apply automatic cuts on its budget. This proposal to cut national expenses, which came to be known as sequestration intended to cut the budgetary allocation on key government agencies. The escalating national debt of $15.882 trillion and the $15.003 trillion GDP at the end of June 2011 sparked discussions in the Congress thereby necessitating the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to come up with policies that could take the nation back to a sustainable fiscal discourse (Ehley par. 2). Political leaders from the two divide had to convince their supporters to either support or oppose the policy. With the national debt increasing by $500 million every year since 2003, the federal government proposed that the move to cut expenses in government offices like in the Social Security, Medicare, Military Pensions, Education and Tourism sectors was the best option to address the impeding financial crisis. The Act had to institute legislation that was to cut the debt-ceiling crisis by $1.2 trillion in the next decade. On the basis of demand and supply, the demand for more funds by the government amidst low supply of funds made the government to borrow from external financial bodies like the International Monetary Fund (IMF). With increasing demand, the situation plunged the government into a great debt crisis that it had to take necessary actions to salvage the economy. Government spending on key agencies had to take a slightly less budget to restore the equilibrium. The Republican side of the House, however, held that the move by the Obama administration was ill-advised since the economy had not stabilized at the time. Even though the sequestration had a long-term goal of having a sustainable economy, the opponents viewed the act as coming too early; therefore, it should have waited for the economy to improve (4). At the time, the US economy could not support the huge wage bill resulting in job losses and furloughing in order to put the economy back to the recovery path. Based on the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models, a forecast into the future showed that without the sequestration, most households in the US would not be in a position to meet their basic needs since they will use large percentage of their earnings to pay the expenses (Mankiw 36). The Obama administration also had to convince the public to accept the move even though it had dire consequences. For instance, non-partisan CBO held that the sequestration would lead t
Within an economic activity characterized by fixed prices through out the economic cycle, any changes in the investment bring various contagious issues in the state of equilibrium. The assumption of the equilibrium state within national income will hold and that the supply in national income is equal to the demand for the same income. Assuming that the economy is closed with no external influence of export and import, any structural changes to the internal economic variables are voted to affect the state of the broad national equilibrium. Let the national income function be Y=C+ I + g ; where Y is the national income, C is the level of consumption, I is the investment level and g is the government expenditure. (Ahmad, Tanzi, 2002, p. 52) With an increase with the investment level, the gross national income will increase through the multiplier effect. Investment serves to increase the state of national economic activity. Through such investment the national income will subjectively be increased. Figure 1. Economic cycle e- is the original state of equilibrium before, increased investment. x-axis represents the income level Y-axis represents the investments variable When the level of investment increases from i 1 to i 2 the new level of income pushes from y 1 to y 2 with the equilibrium becoming e 1 . The equilibrium e 2 shows an improved state of economic activity with the state of national income y 2 been higher than the former state y 1 V 2 shows the shift from the original investment function V 1 due to the increased state of investment activity (Harisson, 1996, p.33). The changing level of national income is as a result of the multiplier effect. This is a fractional phenomenon which shows the relative increase in the broad national income activity due to an independent variable factor of the national income. However, the increase in the national income from the effect of the increase in investment is an implication if an increasing multiplier. The ratio 1/k where k implies the share response in the multiplier effect of the investment to the national income becomes increasingly more. Generally, the individual income is a function of consumption an investment where y=b(c) + r(I), with y being the consumption level, c is the consumption, b is the marginal propensity to consume, I is the level of investment and r is the marginal propensity to save. However, every increase in the national income implies an increased level of both consumption and savings by the citizens’ population. The increasing state of the investment multiplier will however imply an increased national value of the marginal propensity to save. Economically, investment income is taken as a dependent variable of the savings. Every increasing investment will imply an increasing state of saving where the saved income will provide capital for the investment process. The marginal propensities to consume and to save are reciprocals of one another where an increase in one will automatically imply a decrease in the other. This is because
The notion of health care, as one of the central constituents of the population’s well-being, cannot exist in isolation from the socio-economic patterns of the nation. For this reason, such social and ecological phenomena as ethnic and gender inequality or climate change have a tremendous impact on the development of quality health care and nationwide access to essential health resources. When speaking of the US health care and its development in the social context, it would be reasonable to outline that racism has become one of the most severe challenges in achieving equity. The issue itself, apart from being a threat to the social environment of the state, is closely related to such a bigger threat as ecological disparities between the racial groups. Even though the issue itself has been discussed explicitly for decades, the results of such discussion remain highly unsatisfying for the discriminated population. Considering the fact that one of the major issues of modern US health care is its inaccessibility in terms of people’s financial state, the notion of racism and financial inequity on the grounds of race contributes greatly to the establishment of severe health access disparities within various racial and ethnic groups. For this reason, it may be concluded that the major problem with racism in the context of health care is the fact that racism, being deeply integrated into the socio-economic patterns of the nation, stands in the way of treatment and medical intervention free of implicit and explicit racial bias and financial hardships. The modern context of US health care demonstrates explicit evidence concerning the discrimination and undermining of health needs of racial and ethnic minorities across the state. According to the researchers, the fundamental issue of racism in health care is the practitioners and public health representatives’ lack of desire to recognize the health specifics of racial and ethnic minorities, which results in the exertion of racism (Rhee et al., 2019). When speaking of African Americans as an explicit example of racial discrimination in health care, there exists strong scholarly evidence that African Americans have a stronger predisposition for high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017). Moreover, they are also likely to die at early age regardless of cause, as many African Americans report their inability to address health facilities due to financial struggles (CDC, 2017). As a result, the research demonstrates that African Americans are more likely to have unmet healthcare needs than white people (Rhee et al., 2019). Moreover, the scholars outline that today’s context of racism that exists on a national level is powered by the so-called “race blindness,” a phenomenon that aims at promoting equality with no close consideration of the race-specific needs in terms of health care (Ahlberg et al., 2019). This phenomenon explicitly contributes to enhancing a healthcare gap between the racial groups, as ignorance does not equate to a full-scale solution. Considering the aforementioned data, it would be reasonable to assume that t
Introduction The technology of wireless energy transfer is the electrical energy transmission from a power source to an electrical pack. This process normally occurs without a conductive substantial connection. This is necessary whereby there is a lot of inconvenience caused by interconnection of cords and cables. As it would be observed, there is a big difference between the traditional charging and wireless charging. Traditional charging mostly relies on energy or power, which is connected directly from a device to the source, through connectors such as power cords or cables. On the other hand, wireless charging utilizes magnetic or electromagnetic form of energy to transfer power to gadgets and devices. When using the wireless technology, power efficiency becomes the most significant parameter while dealing with electrical appliances and equipments. The wireless transfer system entails the source of energy sending out more energy to the receivers. This makes the system more economical in terms of power usage compared to the conductive charging system. Direct induction is the most common form of wireless control diffusion applicable presently, and is followed closely by resonate captivating induction. There is another form of wireless power transmission known as the electromagnetic radiation. This form of wireless transmission is normally in the form of microwaves also referred to as lasers (Firestone 123). This paper examines the possible future development of wireless charging and its current market. Discussion The application and constant development of mobile phone technology in the modern era is experiencing a boom, as innovators in the technology sector look forward to a future of introducing wireless charging technology for the gadgets in all parts of the world. This is likely to make the application of cell phones and other mobile devices much easier and more convenient, thus helping to shape the future of these technologies in the modern world. With the progressive utilization and development of mobile gadgets or devices, the development and commercialization of wireless charging devices has also been on the rise in various parts of the world, to help maximize consumers’ convenience. The possibility of a wireless charging future for all mobile devices and gadgets is limitless, considering the great
The sentencing and recidivism reduction policy explores the major issues inherent in the current legal system of the United States of America. The problem consists in the fact that the current situation triggered the increase in the number of criminals. This naturally led to an increase in the number of recidivists and government building more prisons (Marion & Oliver, 2012). On a bigger scale, this kind of update is overpriced and unnecessary. This policy also has a great impact on the legal system of the US because the national government should abstain from turning state crimes into federal offenses. This means that the crimes that can be reviewed at the state level are taken to the federal court. The policy demands that certain support should be provided for criminal offenders (recidivists in particular) and novel approaches to the criminal justice reinvestment should be implemented. Consequently, these approaches would help the state jurisdictions to address recidivism way more thoroughly and reevaluate the issue of helping recidivists to turn back into the community in several meaningful and profitable ways. The agenda formation process of this policy is based on the flexibility of using the funds that are available to the federal jurisdiction. Essentially, this means that local governments should have access to federal resources. Therefore, any necessary treatment or mental health services will be available to the local criminal systems. When it comes to the adoption of the policy, the legislation is dotty about bringing rigidity into the process of sentencing (Duwe & Clark, 2011). At the same time, one of the key advantages of this policy is that it supports the Second Chance Act. The major objective of this initiative is to assist the former prisoners to re-enter into the community safely. The secondary objective is to reduce recidivism. This would trigger a series of events that would include increased public safety and the elaboration of innovative approaches to the process of dealing with the continuously increasing number of people released from jails. The process of the implementation of this substantive policy is connected to an important issue. Adequate state policy should be developed concerning mentally ill individuals. Consequently, it is imperative to address the growing importance of assisting these individuals ( U.S. Senate , n.d.). Congress is in charge of resolving this problem. The evaluation of the policy allowed me to draw several conclusions. First, one should perceive this policy as an answer to the federal legislation to the increased awareness regarding the requirements of the state research (Mallicoat & Gardiner, 2014). Second, there is a strict necessity to address the issue of dealing with mentally ill prisoners. Third, the policy is closely related to federal legislation and provides extensive support to the states. One of the key objectives of the government is to partner with the state administrations to resolve t
Primarily, professional competence is one of the basic principles of the Code of Ethics for any person carrying the ‘professional’ tag. From accountants to physicians to teachers, professional competence is not only an indispensable obligation but also a fundamental prerequisite. Many firms that emphasize engagements rather than professional competence have had a myriad of problems that forces them to take legal liabilities. For instance, one career that requires utmost professional competence is accountancy. In the past, listed companies across the globe have experienced fraud due to a lack of professional competence. Consequently, this has triggered indignant denunciation from investors; their business performance has also dropped. This and many more reasons have forced colleges and universities to introduce courses on professional competence to educate students on the importance of observing professional competence in their careers. This essay will define professional competence and assess its connection to educational goals. It will also assess its influence within the workplace and the modalities of maintaining it. The paper will also discuss self-awareness and emotional influence or perceptions on legal issues and professional ethics in professional competence. To start with, professional competence is the aspect of being able to carry out duties and responsibilities within a career or occupation. In other words, professional competence is the consistent and astute use of communication, acquaintance, and values for professional practice. Additionally, professional competence involves the application of technical skills in the right way, astute clinical reasoning, and the manifestation of professional practices. Undoubtedly, professional competence is paramount to the daily running of personal businesses as well as career practices. I think professional competence plays a significant role in my life. As a student, I understand that I should work hard and score good grades through fair means. I understand that cheating in exams amounts to incompetence, and it is against rules and regulations. On the other hand, in my career as a professional, I also understand that I ought to give unsurpassed services to my clients. To set a path towards a successful career, professional competence is the benchmark for developing goals and objectives. In other words, to arrive to come up with better choices, it is better to consider decent and principled standards of professional expertise. This will ensure that clients get reliable services up to the point of absolute satisfaction. Moreover, this will enhance somebody’s urge to work towards being the best in the area of expertise and even master it. To assess professional compe