ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Although food is not a major theme in The Importance of Being Earnest , it is used symbolically to represent abstract ideas in the play. From the moment the play opens to the point where the curtain falls, there are numerous cases where food is used to represent something else. In most cases, the scene where food is present ends up in conflict showing how food was important in the Victorian age. In a large extent, food is also used as a sign of respect and hospitality to visitors and also as a form of socializing. (Wilde 11) Immediately after the play opens, we are presented with a scene where Lane and Algernon are telling a cucumber sandwich joke. Algernon has prepared the cucumbers as a treat for his aunt, Lady Bracknell. Additionally, he has also prepared sandwich for his cousin to show how hospitable he was. In this first incidence, food is used as an alternative for other appetites since Algernon devours all the sandwiches without even realizing it. When Lady Bracknell shows up later, Algernon is surprised to notice that he has absentmindedly eaten all the cucumbers and he decides to lie to her that there was no supply for cucumbers in the market that particular day. (Wilde 12) In reality, Algernon’s voracious appetite is used as a swap for the idea of sex. It is interesting to note that Algernon picks up a slice of cucumber every time people are talking about love and marriage. When Jack and Algernon begin talking about Jack’s pending proposal to Gwendolen, the urge to eat something increases significantly between the two men. Indeed, Algernon’s insatiable appetite is used to represent an underlying greediness and gratuitous extravagance. This is seen in the way he devours the cucumbers while graciously denying Jack the opportunity to have a taste. (Raby 56) In an earlier exchange, Algernon tells jack that he is not allowed to eat cucumbers since he does not have any blood relation with Lady Bracknell who is meant to feast on the cucumbers. Instead, Algernon allows Jack to eat bread and butter since they are the kind of food, which appeals to Gwendolen. In this text, Algernon interprets food as a form of societal and even sexual expression. When Jack becomes so enthusiastic while eating the bread, Algernon reprimands him for behaving as though he were “married to Gwendolen already.” This clearly shows that the bread was used as a representation for sex in this text. (Raby 60) The social aspect of food appears later when Cecily and Gwendolen have a spat on who is really engaged to Ernest Worthing. Although the spat has been going on for long, the climax comes when Gwendolen tells Cecily whose plate is full of cake and sugar that those things are “rarely seen at the best hou
The rationale behind bedside nursing report is to pass information that is vital to patient care. In spite of efforts at producing uniform reporting sheets and putting into practice reporting techniques to direct nurses, a lack of uniformity persists. This can be harmful to the wellbeing of patients. According to National Patient Safety Goals for Hospitals, there is a need to enhance communication among nurses. There is also a need to give caregivers the chance to ask questions, and give answers to problems in hand offs; together with change-of-shift reports (Lewis, 2009, p.16). Advantages of bedside reporting and desk reporting One of prime advantages of bedside reports is effective communication of information. Bedside reports also report vital patient developments in an appropriate and clear concise way. Communication malfunctions in shift reports are principal grounds of sentinel proceedings in the United States. The communication can be nurse-to-doctor, caregiver to family, nurse-to-patient or caregiver-to-caregiver. It can also be from nurses to other players of the healthcare group. Additionally, patients would like to be part and parcel of decisions concerning their care plan (Burns & Grove, 2009). Bedside records also influence the safety of the patient. This is achieved through communication. The caregivers handing over, therefore, have thorough information of the patient and are capable of communicating eccentric and individual facts of the patient. This is very critical for professionalism because the nurse can be held responsible for his/her conclusions and evaluations based on patient’s outcome (Burns & Grove, 2009). Bedside reports assure the patient of teamwork in the staff. Therefore each of the patients is aware of the plan of care. They also allow patients to ask questions or give additional information. This makes patients less apprehensive and also makes them receptive to medical advice since they are better informed. They motivate patients to begin care earlier and become more involved. This makes the patients satisfied with the care they receive, and thus they become loyal to the healthcare provider. Bedside reports also benefit the nurses because the oncoming caregiver envisages patients without delay. This makes nurses have an easy time in their shifts. The caregivers are also more equipped to respond to MD questions courtesy of bedside reporting. They are also enabled to prioritize care practices efficiently with care partners. Additionally experimental knowledge occurs and responsibility is shared by the shifts mutually. Therefore this method is both beneficial to the patients, nurses and management (Burns & Grove, 2009). Handling resistive staff to changes in the emergency department Changes in the emergency department can be a challenge to an organization; considering its requirements on the part of the staff. One of the most important steps in adapting to change is setting a foundation for change. It is imperative to change the mindset of the staff b
Multiple intelligences Different students are endowed with different learning abilities and capabilities that they normally use to solve problems and learn. Based on the broad spectrum of intelligence demonstrated by students, learning psychologists have come up with multiple intelligences aimed at helping such students (Lane, n.d). What this seems to imply is that students have different types of minds and their learning process is also different. In addition, their abilities to understand what they are taught at the classroom setting also differ. For these reason, the performance of students in the same classroom setting varies. Some of multiple intelligence results are provided below Figure 1: Multiple intelligences results Differentiated instructions of learning allow flexibility in grouping students. Accordingly, students are grouped based on their learning abilities and capabilities, thereby giving room for adjustments (Tillman, 2003). Therefore, incorporating multiple intelligences with differentiated instructions would help to improve the education level of a student (Gregory, 2008). Small classrooms allow teachers to devote their time to individual students. Consequently, they are better able to apply musical or logical styles of learning because students’ levels of understanding differ. Learning can improve when tailored to suit the varying needs of students (Ireh & Ibeneme, 2010). For example, students with musical intelligence can learn better under a musical background or when music is involved in the learning process (Lane, n.d). According to Gregory (2008) and Gregory (2003), this enables teachers to understand their students better and the learning process may become enjoyable since teachers know the students’ weaknesses and learning abilities. In the absence of differentiation, it becomes hard to engage students with different learning abilities because disruptions in classrooms may occur, thereby causing segregation (Losen, 1999). Assessment strategies According to Lane (n.d.), assessment is carried out to determine whether students have progressed during learning sessions, or not. There are different methods of assessing learners in differentiated settings including pretests, checklists, surveys, post tests, quizzes, teacher observations, on-going assessments, self and peer assessments, checks, and reflections, among others (Gregory, 2008; Gregory
“Content literacy – interpreting and applying knowledge from expository text–has been referred to as the ‘quiet crisis’ in American education” (Gunning, 2003, p. 7). If one shares Gunning’s concern over the problem represented above, one should be familiar with the ways and the solutions which can help to cope with it. The best way for the teachers to do this is to implement a certain process approach to writing. That is why it is important to describe it and introduce this approach step by step. The writing process can be defined as an oriented instruction for the writing, generally based on the experience of the scholar writers. This process mainly differs from school writing. The correct writing process should involve multiple drafts, numerous planning activities, and additional research. The teacher aims to represent this approach to the students in the class and make them use it. The first step in this process involves some prewriting or so-called invention activities. The teacher may suggest students seek the general ideas; make the plan and discuss it collectively. The given step is needed to explain to the student, what he or she is expected to do. Moreover, the teacher would be able to figure those ideas that the student has and help him or her to develop them. The second step in the writing process is drafting. The teacher goes through the student’s work and suggests he or she revise or improve some extracts of it. The teacher should explain in every single case what he or she expects from the student by asking him or her to revise any particular fragment of the essay. This step is important because while the student seeks positive feedback from the teacher, he develops logical and evaluative thinking that would help him or her later in the composing of the essay. The third step of the writing process contains the together (student’s and teacher’s) discussion of the whole – text level. The teacher comments on the overall focus of the essay advise the organization of the text. This step is needed because it enables the student to analyze his or her organizational mistakes and improve the final version of the essay. The fourth step involves the student’s work on the final version of the paper. Such a step is useful, because the student develops the creative and analytical thinking to the maximum, as he or she goes through the entire text and decides whether or not there is enough evidence. At this step, the student also proofreads the text of the paper and prints it to handle to the teacher. The fifth step of the given process contains the teacher’s evaluation of the text and his or her report concerning the student’s work. This step is useful as it enables the student to see his or her writing weaknesses and strong sides. Therefore, later on, the student would consider these facts, while writing some other essays. Concluding this, one can firmly assert that this process writing approach is, indeed, helpful and useful for both – students and teachers. In this case, students think more about the topic of the essay; they recollect more information and facts; develop creative and anal
Introduction Most Americans now admit that the future of our natural resources is at a risk. According to one analyst, (Lubber 316) America is at a critical moment and has to take urgent measures or the natural systems that it depends on for its collective health and security will collapse. Although there is much talk about action, it is sad to note that people are not yet acting in a manner that is anywhere near what is required to save the planet. Many American’s erroneously thinking that being the ‘good guys’ does anything to help the environment but clearly, more needs to be done if a lasting solution to the problem is to be gotten. Indeed, Lubber warns that climate change poses the biggest financial risk that companies have ever-faced (317). However, many people think that climate change is an issue that does not affect them directly but this is far from the truth. By looking closely, one will notice that disasters such as hurricane Katrina are linked to climate change and this should act as a wake-up call for all stakeholders to act on the issue with more urgency. Despite the American government knowing the financial risk associated with climate change, it has not taken any significant steps to look for a lasting solution to the issue. To understand how the issue of global change is affecting each one of us, it is critical to look at where we are as American’s. According to Zukerman (323), a gallon of gasoline is currently retailing at $4 and what is even worse is that this wealth ends up in the pockets of people who do not support American policies such as Iran, Venezuela, and Russia. Zukerman notes that since the oil crisis of the 1970s, the American rate of oil consumption has been on the rise (324). While the United States constitute only 4% of the world’s population, it accounts for around one-quarter of worldwide oil consumption, which is twice the combined rate of the Chinese and Indians. Even more shocking is Zukerman’s observation that nearly 70% of the 21 million barrels of oil consumed every day goes to transportation, most of which are utilized by individual drivers (324). This clearly shows that the prerogative of saving energy is not something that should be entirely left to the government since everyone is involved. As the American people look for a lasting solution for the oil crisis, it is obvious that an alternative will have to be sought if we as a country are to attain our dream of energy independence since no combination of solar, wind, ethanol, biodiesel, or anything else will guarantee this independence shortly (Lubber 318). While the government has taken some steps toward the attainment of energy independence, most of these measures are driven by self-interest. An example case is the bid to produce ethanol in the country. While the farm and ethanol lobbies have succeeded in getting Congress to pay huge subsidies
Description of film In Superbad ( 2007) the best friends for years Seth and Evan are high school graduates. After the graduation they will be torn apart, therefore, they strive to make the last days they spend together as bright as possible. At graduation party that their classmate invites the boys to they plan to start their sex lives. They suppose that if they bring alcohol to the party it will help them in their intention. Seth and Evan believe it will help them to have sexual relationships with Jules and Becca, and enter college with new experience and new skills. Together with their third friend Fogell the guys make use of Fogell’s new fake ID, but different problems appear in their way. Their dealing with police results in numerous misunderstandings that question the guys’ friendship. All in all, Seth and Evan become separated from Fogell. Evan does not take advantage of Becca’s drunkenness and Seth behaves embarrassedly with Jules. Later, he apologizes for it. Becca and Even and Seth and Jules become friends and the boys confirm their friendship. Social issues in the “Superbad” I suppose that the main sociological issue that the film addresses is the problem of deviance. Actually, this is the primary deviance the film focuses on. This type of deviance occurs when people are engaging in deviance and know it (Luhman, Chapter V 9). The three boys knew they were not allowed to bring alcohol to the party but this did not stop them. They also knew that one should not hide from the police but they ran away from it. Further, the film is full of instances of profanity, the characters knew that profanities did not make any good for them, still, they did not try to get rid of bad language, throughout the film one can hear a lot of crude sexual terms, and especially it is true when it comes to women. One more issue that the film addresses is social control theory which investigates why some individuals turn to criminal behavior and others don’t do this (13). On the one hand, the film depicts outer containment, that is, police, on the other, inner containment is also shown. As the end of the film shows, the guys’ personal values win and work as inhibitors of their deviant behavior. The film seems to prove one of the principles of the Labeling Theory that states that deviance only exists when members of social groups label the violation of their norms as deviant. I mean that if me or other viewers see the boys’ behavior as the violation of existing norms, their behavior can be considered deviant (7). Also, the film encouraged me to think over one more issue – the victimless crimes (14). Drug and alcohol use is present throughout the film. Though only a few consequences that these victimless crimes might have are shown one can clearly predict the outcomes of such behavior. Conclusion In general, the film appeals to me as it focuses on the burning issues of the modern society. The teena
The selected book for this analysis is “Steve Jobs” by Walter Isaacson. The book gives a detailed biography of the founder of Apple Incorporation. Steve Jobs is described as a great entrepreneur whose creative and outstanding personality transformed six different sectors. These sectors include digital publishing, phones, music, animation, personal computers, and tablet computing (Isaacson 16). The author goes further to acknowledge that Steve Jobs is an icon who represents both human creativity and innovation. To create value in a world that focused on the power of technology, Jobs chose to connect innovation and creativity. By so doing, the genius was able to establish a company that has been revered by many customers for the last three decades. Several interesting things can be identified in this book. The first thing outlined in the book is that Steve Jobs loved to do things in the right manner. This means that the entrepreneur was concerned about the appearance of the parts that could not be seen by the customers (Isaacson 38). The second thing obtained from the text is that Mr. Jobs valued beauty, simplicity, and utility (Isaacson 48). This kind of personality is informed or reshaped his creativity and imagination. The third interesting fact from the text is that Mr. Jobs’ cancer could have been treated. Unfortunately, Jobs’ cancer overwhelmed him simply because he resisted early intervention. The biography presents several takeaways that can be embraced by individuals who want to succeed in life. The first lesson or takeaway is that great entrepreneurs should begin by loving whatever they do. By so doing, they can find it easier to come up with great ideas that can eventually transform the world. The second takeaway is that individuals should combine leadership and positive values. This practice can guide them to empower their followers and eventually record positive results (Isaacson 64). The third lesson is that every person will always encounter difficulties or challenges along the way. Steve Jobs was always underrated by skeptics in different sectors. When such challenges emerge, people should always learn to focus on their goals to succeed. My goal is to become a great entrepreneur who can lead others to achieve positive results. As an entrepreneur, it will be necessary to focus on innovations and ideas that can transform the lives of more people in the world. With great leadership skills, I will empower my followers to ensure the intended goals are realized (Isaacson 92). The lessons gained from the book will make me successful in the future. The concepts will guide me to make timely decisions, embrace t
The lives of both Shen Fu and Qianlong included women with great qualities. Even though these two Chinese men had many differences, at the same time there were very similar things. It is often said that a man and a woman are one unit and when the two function as one, the ties and the relationship are made much stronger. Shen Fu was a writer, born in Changzhou, in 1763. His wife was his cousin, her name was Chen Yun. They were together since childhood and had a very strong friendship. At 13 years old they were engaged and later got married. Chen Yun was Shen Fu’s best friend and they had a very unique relationship. In 1807 Shen Fu completed an autobiographical work called “Six Records of a Floating Life.” The first chapter is devoted to Chen Yun and is called “The Joys of the Wedding Chamber.” She is described to be a woman of great taste and ability to make beauty out of simple things. As they were sometimes struggling financially, Shen Fu would draw paintings or get involved in trading or other business. Chen Yun supported her husband in every way and it is possible to see that their relationship was very passionate. In fact, Chen Yun had Shen F
Outline of the Subject Introduction Many companies, all over the world pay a part of their earnings, as cash dividends. Corporations view the dividend decision as quite important, because it determines the amount of funds should flow to the investors and the amount of funds to be retained by the firm for reinvestment. Dividend policy of a company can also provide information to the stockholder concerning the performance of the firm. However, dividends cannot be viewed in isolation. Many companies currently utilize a higher percentage of their net income to share repurchases as well, and this percentage has increased over the period. Therefore, dividends and repurchases must be seen as alternative payouts competing for corporate cash flows. This paper deals with the practical aspects of dividends, taxation considerations, its impact on the stock prices and other relevant issues analyzed in past research. Dividend – an Overview The term “dividend” usually refers to a cash distribution of earnings by a company and dividend is distributed out of current or accumulated earnings. If a distribution is made from sources other than the current or accumulated earnings, the term “distribution” is used to denote such payouts. The most common type of dividend is in the form of cash dividend. Public companies usually pay regular cash dividends up to four times in a year. Making a cash dividend payment reduces the the corporate cash and retained earnings shown in the balance sheet. Another type of dividend is paid out in the form of shares of stock. This dividend is referred to as a stock dividend. It cannot be considered as a true dividend as no cash leaves the firm. The decision to pay a dividend rests in the hands of the board of directors of the corporation. A dividend is distributable to shareholders of record on a specific date. When a dividend is declared, it becomes the liability of the firm and it cannot be easily rescinded by the corporation (Ross, Westerfield, & Jaffe, 2002). The amount of dividend is expressed as dollars per share (dividend per share), as percentage of the market price (dividend yield) or as a percentage of earnings per share (dividend payout). There are several factors, which justify the payment of dividends by the companies. For instance, cash dividend payments underscore a good performance by the company and provide support to stock price. Dividends may attract institutional investors who would like to have some return in the form of dividends. A mix of individual and institutional investors would enable the firm to raise the capital requires at comparatively lower cost as it can reach a wider market. Stock prices usually increase with the declaration of a new or increased dividend. Dividends absorb excess cash flow and may reduce agency costs that arise from conflict between the management and shareholders (Ross, Westerfield, & J