ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Action research methods can be viewed as a beneficial tool to facilitate a positive change in teaching practice. First of all, it starts with a desire to change the current situation for the better and attain significant success by implementing new techniques that might guarantee enhanced outcomes (missmelissa73, n.d.a). Being applied to classrooms, it provides individuals with an opportunity to become architects of their professional development and chose a way for further evolution. Transforming teachers into learners, action research allows a specific and intentional approach to altering teaching (missmelissa73, n.d.a). Working in groups and being engaged in situational and professional learning activities, educators acquire a chance to master their skills and experiences and select practices that will guarantee better outcomes compared to previous ones. In such a way, an intentional change is promoted. Action research also stimulates further investigation and questioning, which can be viewed as integral elements of professional development (missmelissa73, n.d.b). Only when they are ready to engage in a continuous improvement process, teachers can achieve higher levels of performance and excellence. In such a way, action research stimulates them to participate in such activities and generates numerous benefits. I think that the effectiveness of this strategy is proven by the existing research. For instance, Lanaux et al. (2014) say that by acting as a part of the classroom in terms of action research, students were able to improve their understanding of the problem and acquire better teaching skills. For this reason, I think that the choice of action research for positive change is justified by its practical utility. At the same time, it is vital to consider the peculiarities of classrooms and groups because of the focus of action research on close cooperation with other individuals and learning from them.
Introduction A family is defined as the basic unit of society, composed of parents and children. Families are grouped into the following ten categories. Pas de Deux family Families made up of only two people. This can be a father and a child, a mother and a child, or two aged couples whose children have left home. These two people rely on each other in their daily activities. These families have areas of weaknesses since they tend to have a symbiotic kind of relationship. Therapist comes in to probe the relationship since the over involvement of the members hinders full functioning of each other. Therapist comes up with strategies that create a boundary between them. These include the family’s areas of interest and breaking the idea that the family is “an island” (Charles , 2009). Three generation family This is the extended family which comprises of grandparents, parents and children. They may be staying in different geographical areas but they make up the three generation family. There is specialization of functions within the family. Therapists intervene by delineating the boundaries of nuclear family. They advocate for the right responsibility to be conducted by the right person, the role of parenting should not be left to the grandmother but to the child’s parent. Shoe families This is the kind of family where the parents delegate the responsibility of parenting to one of the child. This child takes over the responsibility of child-rearing on behalf of the parent. Therapist comes in where the structure of the family is large and advices on the possibility of breakdown in the execution of responsibilities. Therapist’s advice on the danger of overburdening the parenting child and showing the link between the parents and children so that the parenting child does not prevent the rest form accessing their parents. Accordion families These are families where one parent is absent for a long time due to work such as sailors and army. The remaining parent takes up additional parenting responsibil
The management team of InAndOut Incorporation is committed at ensuring that the firm attains an optimal market position. One of the ways through which the firm intends to attain this is by ensuring that it has a strong workforce. According to Heneman and Judge (2009, p.45), staffing is an important element in a firm’s effort to develop a strong workforce. In its hiring process, it is important for the firm to ensure that it develops an effective job description. This will enhance its ability to offer its customers high quality products and services. This paper evaluates InAndOut Incorporation’s efforts to maintain an effective job description in its operation. Current Situation at InAndOut Incorporation InAndOut Incorporation is facing a challenge in its human resource management. The challenge arises from the fact that the employees do not have a clearly outlined job description. For example, there is no clear description regarding the employee work shifts. As a result, there are some situations when the employees are required to work for long hours without any breaks. Some employees are also forced to work in other job shifts which are not within their job description. This has led to emergence of conflicts between the management team and the employees. Additionally, the firm has not updated its job description for a number of years. This limits the employees’ ability to deal with the dynamic nature of the customer’s needs. In order to achieve operational efficiency, the firm has to ensure that its workforce is effective in executing their duties. One of the ways through which the firm can achieve this is by enhancing and maintaining the employees’ job description. Maintaining an effective job description will ensure that the employees have a comprehensive understanding of their duties. The resultant effect is that they will be able to execute their duties more effectively. Importance of updating the job description Considering the dynamic nature of the business environment, it is critical for firms to ensure that their workforces are effective in executing their duties. This can only be attained if there is a clear job description in place. Job descriptions are an important component in a firm’s effort to achieve effective human resource management. This arises from t
Introduction With the rapid development of communication and information technologies, their integration into various fields of healthcare began. However, there exist many useful specialized technologies that are designed specifically to improve the effectiveness of versatile types of healthcare operations. For an organization to be able to enjoy the benefits of such technologies, it is necessary to research all the available options and select the most suitable technologies for every specific type of work and operation. In this paper, various tools that help to enhance the quality and safety of care will be discussed, and the tool recently adopted in my sphere of practice will be explored. Quality Technology Tools Many technology tools are currently applied in healthcare facilities for quality and safety improvement. For example, pagers have been used for decades as an effective communication tool that facilitated speedy information exchange between different healthcare practitioners (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Some more examples of popular and widely used technologies are defibrillators, electronic thermometers, EHRs, and bar-coded ID cards that ensure the security of information and access to resources (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Moreover, the contemporary medical students are trained with the help of human patient simulations (HPS) that help generate scenarios and conditions similar to actual healthcare settings and provide more relevant professional experiences (Brewer, 2011). Wireless communication devices of various kinds are also frequently used in healthcare settings for the facilitation of communication within the staff and between healthcare practitioners and their patients (Guarascio-Howard, 2011). All of these devices are highly effective and help provide quality care and ensure safety. A Tool Used in My Area of Practice A tool that was recently adopted in my area of practice is called Vocera. This technology is used for the management of rounds. Its major benefit is its ability to optimize the processes and operations included in rounding. For example, with the help of Vocera, nurses can track rounding, flag the patients who require follow-up, view the previous history of rounding, register patient requirements and needs in real-time, and send service requests to other departments and teams (“Vocera rounds solution,” 20
Muqarnas is regarded to be a vault-like architectural element used in Islamic architecture. It consists of complex geometric patterns with an inner logic, which is difficult to reveal. There are many approaches and techniques used for studying muqarnas elements and the history of its evolution. The earliest example of muqarnas design was incised on the plate found in Iran at the palace of Takht-i Sulayman. The following paper provides a short literature review of muqarnas history and design. The design of muqarnas elements is believed to be based on the transition from two-dimensional patterns to three-dimensional geometry. Muqarnas is used in building domes, arches, niches, and other decorative friezes that can be almost flat. It is stated that “the roots of the word “muqarnas” are unknown, as is the origin of the complex but ubiquitous architectural structure to which the word refers, which apparently developed around the tenths century in Iran and Iraq and almost simultaneously in North Africa” (Yvonne and Harmsen 85). Some researchers also state that “there are different opinions about its origin and development, tracing back to 4th or 10 th century” (Alaçam et al. 289). It is also noted that the geometric approach to structural elements and decorative patterns, including muqarnas, was used in many traditional constructions in Persia (Gherardini and Leali 133). Usually, Muqarnas is classified into four types, such as Shirazi, simple, curved, and clay-plastered. These architectural elements are known to be based on the principles of fractal geometry, which became a subject of studies in the middle of the twentieth century. It is stated that “over a range of historical architecture, geometry has played an undeniable and fundamental role in the production of diverse and complex structural, spatial and formal patterns” (Kiani and Amiriparyan 768). Muslims paid much attention to the applied sciences and their practical application, resulting in the collaboration of mathematics with architects for constructing buildings. It is noted that “the documented record concerning the participation of mathematicians and accountants in writing the arithmetic applications in Islamic architecture traces back to the 8th and 9th centuries” (Taheri 5). Nowadays, many studies are dedicated to revealing the principles of ancient Arabic architecture to use them for modern constructions. There are many approaches to understanding the figure shapes of connected elements. Still, many studies are believed to be incorrect in calculations and understanding the principles of construction. For example, in the analysis of a muqarnas dome of the Alhambra, frequency ratios of configurations were calculated, and the researchers came to the conclusion that these ratios are not harmonized with quasiperiodicity (Cromwell 36
Introduction As explained by Radzinowicz (year p. 74), the research on the causes of crime using empirical evidence can be explained using the sociological theory or the psychological theory. The sociological theory approach attributes that social challenges are the main causes of crime and as such, tend to focus on the trends and distribution of crime in society. On the other hand, psychological theory mainly focuses on the factors that trigger an individual to be involved in an act of crime. In this respect, this theory mainly focuses on how and why specific people end up being criminals (Radzinowicz 74). With this in mind, this study critically analyzed the differences in perceptions of crime in the lower and middle-class populations of North Jersey. To realize its goals and objectives, this study used face-to-face interviews as its main method of data collection. Consequently, the random sampling technique was applied while collecting data in the lower-class population of North Jersey. The results that were arrived at in this study will be critically analyzed using theories and arguments on crime to support the arguments presented. Results and Discussion To gather information regarding the perceptions of crime in North Jersey, this study mainly focused on issues that trigger crime as well as its trends and distribution within the North Jersey community. One of the main areas of concern that this study focused on was to compare whether individuals living in low-class and middle-class neighborhoods consider crime as a serious issue. Irrespective of their age or gender, individuals from middle-class neighborhoods did not consider crime as an issue of concern. It is due to this fact that the individuals who live in these neighborhoods feel safe and most of them do not have an issue of walking at night since their safety is assured. As put by one of the respondents, the high level of safety makes it a common practice for individuals not to lock their doors at night. In lower-class neighborhoods, however, the scenario is different due to the fact that all members, irrespective of their age or gender, consider crime as an issue of concern. Furthermore, this issue seems to be escalating, especially after considering a response from one of the respondents who was interviewed and had been living in this community for over five years back, who asserted that the level of crime has increased. This disparity in the perception and occurrence of crime between these two neighborhoods can be attributed to different factors. One of these factors is human behavior. Human behavior is critical as it plays a significant role in drivi
Introduction Diversity has become one of the most accepted elements in the contemporary business environment. Rutherford (2011) emphasises that gender ranks amongst the top diversity issues currently being considered in business management. Bradley (2007, p.10) defines gender as ‘the varied and complex arrangements between men and women, encompassing the organisation of reproduction, the sexual division of labour, and cultural definitions of femininity and masculinity’. Different categories of theories have been formulated in an effort to explain the concept of gender. Martin (2003, p. 88) posits that these theories include the ‘liberal feminist theory, social feminist theory, radical feminist or the psychoanalytical theory, the poststructuralist feminist and social constructionist theory’. The liberal feminist theory emphasises that human beings are defined by their capacity to think rationally. The radical feminist, the psychoanalytical feminist, and the social feminist theories postulate that the feminine traits should be perceived as beneficial and a resource rather than a drawback. Conversely, the poststructuralist feminist and social constructionist theory emphasises the construction of the femininity and masculinity that affects the social order. Therefore, gender emanates from an individual’s social interaction and upbringing and it varies depending on time and place (Ahl 2006). Women have become an important constituent of the contemporary workforce (Holmes 2007). However, organisational managers encounter dilemma in the course of constituting their workforce. Rutherford (2011) corroborates that women comprise a critical economic force that organisations should consider in exploiting the growing market. Thus, women should no longer be ignored. A few organisations have firmly embedded the concept of equality and gender in their company values (Marlow 2002). Moreover, women are progressively being involved in entrepreneurship. Rutherford (2011, p.1) asserts that women-owned businesses ‘are one of the fastest growing entrepreneurial populations in the world’. This paper involves a critical analysis of the concept of women in business. The analysis is based on three written case studies, which are based on real life interviews with women in business. Analysis Conventionally, entrepreneurship was perceived as a male domain. Ahl (2006) cites the concept of entrepreneurship as one of the discursive practices that have been propagated over the years. For a considerable period, the women’s role was associated with childcare while men had been regarded as the breadwinners. Ahl (2006) affirms that the family has largely been considered as the women’s domain. However, women are progressively venturing into entrepreneurship. Some authors are of the opinion that entrepreneurship is a male-gendered concept. Thus, women have been made invisible with reference to entrepr
Introduction Terrorism involves the use of force unlawfully against the government or people to intimidate or force them to accept some political, religious, or social ideas that align with that organization (Joppke & Sneller, 2017). Many terror groups have unleashed horror on people in the United States and other countries worldwide. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has claimed responsibility for numerous attacks worldwide. Acts of terror by those loyal to ISIS and its ideologies have caused the death of innocent people and wounded many others. The US uses several instruments in counter-terrorism, which include military force, diplomacy, intelligence, the criminal justice system, disruption of finances, and other tools necessary for action. The US and its allies intensified attacks on ISIS bases and areas of control, assassinated ISIS leaders, reclaimed regions captured by the group, cut off their supply of funds, and imposed restrictions on travel to Syria and Iraqi to silence. Alternative approaches to counter-terrorism are necessary as military use has its negative effects, especially on human rights. Through the Inter-American Convention against Terrorism, members cooperate in prevention, combating, and eliminating terrorism. Member states resolved to use criminal justice and exchange valuable information, adopt best practices, as well as, provide finances and technology necessary for fighting Violent Extremists (VE). These practices adopted are laid down through policies by the Global Counter-Terrorism Forum (GCTF), which emphasizes the application of criminal justice and the use of counter-narratives and other activities for positive results, instead of violence. In conclusion, the use of military response as a way to counter-terrorism has had its negative side, especially on human rights. It is better to adopt a less violent approach and use criminal justice, with emphasis on counter-narratives and activities for positive results. The US and Terrorism The US faces a growing threat from terrorists, which has become more dynamic with the groups using multifaceted tactics and technologies to achieve their agenda. Extremists such as ISIS use various methods to abolish Western influence in Muslim regions by enforcing sharia law by taking advantage of wars, weak governments, and political and religious differences. Radical organizations such as ISIS have their form of governance and have been able to penetrate the US and carry out attacks from inside. They use the state of the art media to recruit fighters, sophisticated explosives, and move funds unnoticed. The US, therefore, should formulate policies that respond to terrorist attacks to stop such extreme occurrences and find alternative ways to curb their recurrence in the future. Background of US and Terrorism The
Introduction Inferno is the first cantica of Dante Alighieri’s The Divine Comedy (written between 1308 and 1021), which has today acquired the status of the central epic poem of Italian literature. The entire poem is written in the first person and is based on Dante’s journey through the three realms of his vision of the Christian afterlife. Inferno, his account of Hell, paints a picture so vivid through its analytic descriptions and its references to the bible that it has become the most famous, and most often read part of the Divine Comedy. 1 No Exit is an existentialist play written in 1944 by Jean Paul Sartre and where Sartre’s famous quote “Hell is other people” has been derived from. His perception of life was a bleak one, replete with endless pain and suffering and he viewed death as the final nothingness. Hence, hell for him was actually representative of life. His existentialist philosophy is present throughout the play. 2 Both texts are great works of literature from their respective eras, Inferno being from the 14 th century and No Exit a World War II play, and what truly differentiates both from other writings and authors is the fact they constantly invite new interpretations, as they introduce new ideas and stand the test of time by not becoming archaic. This paper focuses on these two works specifically as both were influential and inspiring writers and both Inferno and No Exit interestingly use hell to be a metaphor not for death, but for life. For Dante, the Divine Comedy was not a substitute for the two Testaments, but an extension of them and because of this, Inferno is a critical part because it serves as a reminder of the inevitability of hell and the relentlessly cruel punishment meted out to the unrepentant sinners. Sartre does not describe hell through dreadful portrayals of torture, but rather via feelings of misery and helplessness as the characters wallow in a suffocating atmosphere from where there is no easy exit. And this is not an analogy for the afterlife, but rather for life on earth. Hence both are memorable modern portraits of hell which have a unique and lasting impact on the reader’s mind. Hell in Dante’s Inferno One of the most distinct attributes of Dante’s style of writing was that his works were usually very related to the Bible. As Peter Hawkins noted in his essay ‘Dante and the Bible’, “underwriting the entire world in which Dante lived is a single book, the Bible”. 3 The Bible had great authority and Dante directly cited it in his works, more often than any other writer did, and he seemed to be very influenced by it. Hence, it is not surprising that Inferno shows the same version of hell as does the Bible. However, an important point to note is that while reading Inferno, one can not help but agree with Hawkins when he says that the hints to the Scriptures are there “less as a source of proof texts than as a divine ‘pretext’ for his