ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Companies use different approaches while entering new markets. They include stand alone operations or the direct approach and strategic alliances and partnerships. Depending on the scale of operation, different companies adopt different approaches. The paper is a case study of Monash South Africa. Monash University opened a new campus in South Africa in 2001. The campus located in Johannesburg was expected to break even in 2006 but made losses of up to AU $ 30 million. Using the above case, the paper explores the effectiveness of different strategies used in the process of internalization. Monash South Africa adopted a direct approach strategy which has proven ineffective in its operations. The paper thereby gives recommendations on appropriate action for Monash South Africa in order to improve its bottom line. Introduction Good management is an essential component in any successful organization. It entails development of a unique organization culture tailor-made to meet the needs of all stakeholders in the organization. Stakeholders in an organization include the management, employees, shareholders and suppliers. Management oversees the development of the organizational culture which mainly targets employees. Management is both an art and a science where it concentrates on specific needs of the individual and using of empirical data to develop management strategies that can be replicated in different learning environments. Management or leadership styles include autocratic, democratic and laissez faire. Management styles are heavily influenced by the respective culture in which the organization is based. Firstly, the paper explores the performance of Australian managers in South Africa and vice versa. The paper focuses Monash University, an Australian university expansion strategy into South Africa. Discussion Management and culture In the development of a single global market, more organizations have been on an expansion path aimed at establishing subsidiaries in different countries. Organizations such as Monash University are keen on having a global outreach that improves their bottom lines. Organisations are forced to bring in expatriates from their mother countries. Foreign expatriates train the local and other employees on such aspects such as organizational culture in order to assimilate them fully into the organization. However, due to divergent cultures, this may not be entirely successful. During the Apartheid era, more white South Africans immigrated to Australia. They were appointed to senior managerial positions where their managerial style was different from that of Australian managers. Most South African managers were authoritarian as opposed to Australian managers that were more democratic. There are several things that can be done to ensure successful integration of South African and Australian managers in opposite cultures. When managers wishes to move from their homeland to another country, they are likely to be faced with cultural shock.
Introduction Customer relationship management (CRM) is becoming popular with distributors because it offers better organization tools, metrics, and data-driven success measurement. The most widespread use of CRM in the distribution industry is the management of customer data, contacts, and opportunities. The use of CRM in the distribution sphere has put a new emphasis on value selling and measuring success based on the customers’ standards. This summary will condense the original article by Mark Dancer and provide key information. Main body A large number of distributors have adopted CRM solutions, with even more searching or performing trial runs. This broad acceptance of CRM is a surprise, considering the strong opposition to it among salespeople because the older CRM systems were challenging to implement and ineffective. The newer CRM products, however, are much more efficient due to the prevalence of smart devices, mobile apps, and cloud solutions. The uses of CRM among distributors include lead-to-opportunity management, sales and customer needs metrics, and cost containment. CRM takes more time to implement that one would expect. The salespeople are resistant to it, citing the apprehension of being excessively micromanaged. CRM has to be integrated into the business’ information network, and it takes prolonged training to encourage its use. Some salespeople are reluctant to upload the customers’ information they collect. CRM use encourages a proactive business strategy, which is not always in line with existing sales practices. In some cases, resistant workers even need to be replaced to increase profits. The main reason why CRM is becoming so widely accepted is the number of tangible benefits it brings, which is invaluable in the increasingly competitive market. It makes sales faster through automation, increases the visibility of price and margin pressure, makes price fluctuations more transparent and easier to respond to, and tracks customers’ responses to different marketing programs. To maximize the benefits, the implementation of CRM requires a sound strategy. The first thing to do is to identify a target of growth, then provide customer data to salespeople to make them more effective at reaching decision-makers. They might object to it because they are worried about managerial oversight and are used to a particular way of interacting with customers that is not always effective. The key to a successful implementation of CRM is to focus on helping salespeople improve their results and help them tailor their approach to each customer’s history and needs. CRM provides real-time data on results and customers, which are invaluable in coaching new employees. The tangible improvements in performance are quickly making CRM a de-facto requirement for employment. The employees have experience with computers and the Internet, so they have come to expect it on the job as well. Improving sales through the usage of CRM is not only the salespeop
An essay can be described as academic or formal because it is characterized by a clear thesis statement, an introduction of what the paper discusses body of discussion supported by facts and a conclusion. Essays use academic, dry, and formal languages. Essays must have a theme of discussion, and it is organized in paragraphs describing flow of ideas. A story may include characters, a narrator, a dialogue, first, and third person perspectives. Although a story may have a thesis, it is usually buried under certain themes like conflict resolution, conflicts, character development, and different kinds of symbolism. Instead of stating the thesis statement directly like in an essay, stories use characters and imageries to bring out meanings. Essays are not fiction whereas short stories are. This implies that an essay involves documentation of facts whereas the content used in writing a story may be invented. Thus, stories may not be true, unlike essays (Axelrod and Cooper 332). Stories are created to give information about a certain incidence whereas an essay is an individual’s composition on a certain objective. Essays are sometimes expressions of individual’s opinions on a certain subject. An essay is mainly written to convince the reader to agree with the writer’s opinions pertaining a certain subject whereas a story may be written for entertainment purposes. The same content can be covered in both essays and stories. A story and an essay are similar in that they are written in some order. Both have an introduction, middle, and a conclusion (Axelrod and Cooper 340). What elements of the peer discussions are valuable in writing your essays? Professors in learning institutions argue that group discussions enhance the performance of students both outside and in class. Group works changes the way students think. For instance, an individual student is not likely to postpone assignments in a group environment. It is easy for a student to postpone his or her assignment than it is if he or she is aware that his or her participation counts to the performance of the group. Through group work, students gain courage of giving explanations. Speaking and listening to other students as they give out explanations improves their ability to remember the concepts of essay writing during examinations. Workings with other students compel students to put their work in an organized manner. Writing essays in an organized manner gets students good grades in examinations (Axelrod and Cooper 292). Working in peer discussion improves the knowledge of the student. This is mainly because each group member will come up with his or her own thought and ideas and as a result, group members learn from each other. This equips them with the kno
Introduction This essay applies different diagnostic instruments in the analysis of Nestle Company case study. It aims at encouraging students to discuss company cases provided. It also provides students with an opportunity to utilize the diagnostic processes along with change factors in the evaluation of change impacts on an organization. The essay identifies the main possible causes of change in Nestle Company, and the reasons for reaching at such conclusion. It uses the guide questions to discuss the types of change that have occurred in this company. Changes in Nestle Company In looking at change in Nestle Company, the six-box organisational model will be used. This model was developed by Marvin Weisbord with the aim of assessing organizations’ functioning. This is a generic model that can be applied across wide varieties of companies (Hughes, 2007). This framework was chosen as it represents particular means of analysing the company design and structure. It concentrates mainly on issues such as planning; roles played by support functions like personnel, remuneration standards, competition in company units, partnerships, control of organizations, accountability as well as performance assessments. In addition, the framework has the ability of following basic systems approach to the functioning of any company. Some of the factors that have led to change in Nestle Company history include purpose, relationships, helpful mechanisms and leadership. Concerning purpose, the company had to undergo changes for it to experience growth. It reached a point the company’s infrastructure had to change to take in the expanding client base and industry changes. The company had to look for markets particularly in the U.S., improved technological ways of reaching the target markets, like moving manufacturing plants outside production markets to replace sales agents. Change was also driven by helpful mechanisms to maintain competitive advantage. The company merged and acquired other companies for it to be dominant hence enjoying low production costs. In addition, acquisition helped the company to diversify its production lines from food industry to non-food industry. This enabled the company to diversify its risks. Relationship is another factor. The corporate culture embraced by the company’s management is one that embraced change. This aimed at gaining the employees’ confidence hence having free flow of ideas (Feldman, 2000). This is because there was need for the company to embrace good relations between employees, departments and the management. Lastly leadership did contribute to change since there was need for the company to have leaders who can apart from defining the purpose can also embody purpose in their programs. This is the reason the CEO Brabeck-Letmathe overhauled ten executive from the board. Nestle company has undertaken both first and second order changes. In the fir
The treatment of a patient with mental disorders requires a special approach and several techniques. Usually, medication is used, along with psychiatric intervention and some form of behavior modification. The support of friends and relatives is another important factor that plays one of the key roles in the patient’s recovery. The patient Bob has been diagnosed with Paranoid Personality Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, dependent personality disorder, and anxiety. All of these have a direct relation to stress levels of the patient and ability to deal with everyday situations. Paranoid Personality Disorder is characterized by a suspicion of everyone around who might cause harm or discomfort to the person. Oversensitivity in regards to own performance and representation amongst others, leads to a lack of approval and emotional support. Bob was closed off in his apartment, most of the time; he was unable to develop relationships with other people who would provide emotional support. This condition is long term and is often accompanied by anxiety (Braun, 2008). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is characterized through patient’s repetitive actions, lack of self-confidence, and extreme dependency on the therapist. He has many prescription medications that seem to temporarily relieve his stressed state but do not help in the long term. The fact that Bob has many new toothbrushes is another sign of an obsession with cleanliness and the possibility that something might happen to the brush he is using. His fears and repetitive chants show a routine that must be followed. Otherwise, he will be unable to function (Hyman, 2011). Bob’s anxiety is seen through the constant fear of public spaces and overwhelming expectations of catching a disease or dying. His panic attacks which brought about agoraphobia, kept him locked up in his home for a long time, making treatment and curing impossible. This made him extremely vulnerable, as his decision-making skills were improperly functioning. His phobias seem to stem from his personality disorder and anxiety, uniting into one and causing a person to become nervous and stressed at the minimal sign of difficulty (Rachman, 2013). As Bob has hot and cold sweats, shaking, a racing heart and difficulty breathing, it leads to a stressed state where the body ceases to function normally and blocks out all incoming stimuli. This leads to panic attacks, heightened stressed state with Bob feeling nervous and anxious. The primary and most basic need of the patient that must be addressed is finding a way to deal with stress. Stress management is a skill that is required in everyday life, and that is why it is important. It is a physical, as well as mental manifestation of emotions that reflect, most of the times, negatively on the person. Its influence can affect all aspects of a person’s life. Most of
Introduction Using current literature on leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility, Christensen, Mackey and Whetten (164) investigate the manner in which leaders influence corporate social responsibility (CSR) in their organisations. This article aims at filling the gap between leadership and CSR literatures, while at the same time offers a way in which both these fields can evolve. The results of the article agreed with the hypothesis, as the study reveals that leadership theories explain the manner in which managers adopt or disregard corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The article first considers various leadership theories and their relationship with CSR outcomes. After this, the article looks at definitional disputes surrounding CSR and their impact on leadership scholarships. Finally, the article looks at new models of leadership with a special focus on servant leadership, and what effects these new models pose to the future of both leadership and CSR fields. Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility Christensen, Mackey and Whetten (164) first look at literature on leadership, and what different leadership theories state about the influence of leaders on Corporate Social Responsibility. The study looks at three areas of leadership scholarship: trait theory, behavioural theories and distributed leadership. Trait Theory The article looks at the leader as an individual. Here, the article analyses the impact of the leader’s personality traits on corporate social responsibility outcomes. According to the article, it is imperative to understand the various individual values, traits and distinctive characteristics of top managers and leaders in order to understand the antecedents to Corporate Social Responsibility (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 168). The assumption behind this is that leaders mould the tactical practices of an organisation, and that leader decisions are a reflection of their personal values and personality. The article argues that leaders imprint organisations with their personal values, in the process, influencing the decision processes that control the level to which managers prioritise conflicting claims by stakeholders. This means that leaders are the main force that influences the social performance of any organisation. The article also found out that several personal values, such as job experience and educational background of CEOs, have a large impact on corporate social responsibility processes within organisations (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 168). In addition to this, the study also found proof that early life experiences have the ability to impel the leaders and founders of a given organisation into imprinting CSR identities into their organisations. The article notes that all the previous studies on the subject agree that individual characteristics of the leader predict the adoption or lack thereof corporate social responsibility initiatives in any organisation. Behavioural Theories The article next looks at leadership scholarships that focus on behavioural theories and corporate social resp
Research: Literature Review The phenomenon of kindness as it pertains to nursing has been seen as its crucial component nearly since the conception of the phenomenon of nursing care. However, the very idea of kindness and the semantics of the word “kind” has experienced impressive changes over centuries, which calls for the examination of how these changes have affected nursing care, in general. By studying the changes in scholars’ perception of the term “kind” in the 20 th and 21 st centuries, one will be able to define the alterations in the concept of nursing. Gaining increasingly great power in defining a general nursing philosophy, the concept of the kind has begun to shape the idea of nursing ethics. In his paper, Snelling (2016) posits that there is an intrinsic connection between the current interpretation of nursing ethics and the idea of “kind” that has pervaded the realm of nursing. Specifically, Snelling (2016) claims that the introduction of the concept of “kind” the notion of kindness into the designated area has affected the perception of ethics, stratifying the calls to action that it invokes into quasi-legal and ethical ones Snelling, 2016(). As a result, the very regulations on which contemporary nursing is based are defined by the ethical standards that the idea of kindness has created. Apart from determining the development of ethics in nursing, the concepts of “kind” and kindness have also affected the emergence of aspirational elements of nursing ethics, according to Smelling. The author addresses the issue of kindness from the perspective that is similar to those of Foster, Willard, and McGrath, thus providing continuity in the evaluation and interpretation of the phenomenon. Indeed, Willard (2014) stresses the necessity to focus on the teachings of Jesus and the concept of kindness as the ultimate path toward peace, happiness, and well-being. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the phenomenon of kindness and the notion of “kind” have also diverged into the creation of legal boundaries in the nursing context. As Snelling (2016) explains, the distinction between “just-good-enough-nurses” and nursing experts has become possible by establishing nursing aspirations as the definitive characteristic of the latter. While the ability to meet the minimum standards of care is representative of both
Introduction As one of the greatest African American thinkers and philosophers, William Edward Du Bois presented numerous ideas in an attempt to improve the welfare of his people. One of his masterpieces is “The Souls of Black Folk”. In this book, Du Bois examines the plight of many African Americans and offers meaningful approaches to supporting their living conditions. Du Bois writes passionately about the spirit and hope of many African Americans. The author emphasizes the humanity, passion, and strength of the African American citizen despite the challenges experienced by the race in the country (Du Bois 12). This discussion explores the suggestions presented by William Du Bois towards improving the social, economic, cultural, and racial welfare of the African American community. The essay goes further to present the opposing views presented by Booker T. Washington. William DU Bois: Means to Improve the Conditions of African Americans The author begins the book by stating that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line” (Du Bois 3). The book gives a detailed analysis of the progress and hurdles experienced by the African American racial group. The author shows conclusively that members of this racial group encountered numerous obstacles. For example, the book indicates that the “history of the American Negro is that of strife” (Du Bois 8). Such obstacles make it impossible for them to realize their potentials. However, Du Bois indicates clearly that there are numerous potentials for these African Americans in the 21 st century. According to the text, the outstanding contribution of the Freedmen’s Bureau was the creation of African American schools (Du Bois 18). Du Bois goes further to describe why Booker T. Washington’s efforts supported the idea of race relations was counterproductive. This was the case because Washington chose to accept the idea of racial segregation. Du Bois goes further to explain how different policies damaged the welfare and growth of many African Americans. Some laws made it impossible for these African Americans to vote. Consequently, these individuals lost their status in society. The government had failed to support the education of many minorities including African Americans. Failure to access quality education made it impossible for more African Americans to realize their potentials (Du Bois 43). The right to vote, according to Du Bois, is a critical approach towards empowering more members of his race. This freedom will make it easier for them to engage in political activities, elect competent leaders, and eventually focus on the best economic activities (Du Bois 87). The positive achievements recorded by members of this community explain why Du Bois’ ideas have remained meaningful and applicable. The right to vote can improve people’s social, cultural, and economic