ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Western Europe made a significant contribution to the economies of the present day. This rapid growth did not just occur spontaneously, it must have originated somewhere. Many studies show that the growth must have occurred over the preceding centuries starting from the 16 th century. Western Europe grew in its influence greatly by the time it was approaching the 19 th century. In this essay, we are going to look at the history of Western Europe in the 17 th -18 th century with emphasis on the causes of societal unrest prior to the French revolution, the enlightenment era, and the rise of the state system. Causes of societal unrest before the French revolution There were many factors that caused societal unrest in Europe before the French Revolution to the extent that one can not easily categorize all the events. However, a better understanding can be arrived at if one looks at these factors from three perspectives. These are the European society, the enlightenment ideas, and economic considerations. The European society: Before the French revolution, the European society had remained unchanged for many years because power was hereditary. This saw those in power and wealthy pass their wealth and power to their kin. The common and poor people were forced to support the rich from the little they earned. These wealthy people would in turn squander the money on lavish lifestyles without regard to the plight of the peasants. Enlightenment thinking was another major cause of societal unrest. The enlightenment made people aware of their natural rights. Philosophers started coming up with theories about ethical and social values. People became aware of how individual rights can influence politics to put in place a better world of humanity. The unrest was also precipitated by economic factors. The European economy began suffering both domestically and in the foreign lands. Europe began losing control over its ability to sustain a powerful, influential and competitive system. The monarchies also started experiencing financial difficulties and therefore, more pressure was put on the poor to support them (Halsall 1). Crop failures brought about famine that saw food prices increase. For instance, in France, hording of corn increased bread prices which were a staple food for the French. The fear of corn and grain scarcity increased anxiety among the peasants. This meant that the little that was earned was spent on buying bread; therefore, trade in other goods deteriorated stretching the economy further. These problems reached a complex turn and the people could hold no more. The issue of inequality had to be addressed urgently. People believed that the majority of Europe’s citizens, in this case, the peasants, had suffered enough at the hands of the rich who imposed taxes on them. They could therefore, not tolerate any longer. They therefore, planned to stand to protect their dignity. They lived through many years of lavish lifestyles by the monarchies and privileged few who held them in cont
The book of Philippians was written by apostle Paul while he was in prison, possibly in Rome (Acts 28:30), Caesarea (Acts 24:7) or Ephesus (Acts 19:1). There is no consensus as to the exact period the letter was written because it is difficult to ascertain the place of imprisonment. The Philippians are culturally joyful people who gave willingly to the ministry. Topographically, the city was located in northeastern Greece (Macedonia), where Paul wrote in a tense political environment (Nikki, 2018). The book of Ephesians was also authored by Apostle Paul during his imprisonment in Rome between 60 and 62 AD (James, 2017). Ephesus is Western Asia, where the culture is characterized by commerce and multi-ethnicity. Politically, Christianity was considered misleading. Topographically, the town was arid or semi-arid, full of dust and camels used as the primary mode of transportation. The two books that I selected for this discussion post are Philippians and Ephesians. Philippians is my favorite among Paul’s epistles to different churches because it gives a glimpse of the personality of Paul. The theme addressed is the cost of partnership in ministry. There are also other themes such as endurance, contentment, Christianity and unity. The issues discussed include prayers, humility, salvation, not trusting the flesh and giving. The letter is often an encouragement to me, when I am experiencing life challenges. I love the book of Ephesians too because it provides in-depth doctrines on the eternal will of God which is to save humanity, renew them and unite them as the body of Christ. The book offers guidance on spiritual blessings, reconciliation of the gentiles, maturity in the Christian walk, Christian households and spiritual warfare (Owens, 2020). The letter has enabled me to understand my purpose, how to relate in family, church, and waging war against the dark world.
Findings of the TIGER leadership collaborative The TIGER leadership collaborative team focused on the use of groups of nurses to foster the adoption of health information technology (HIT) within healthcare organizations (TIGER, 2011). The collaborative established that nurses could enhance their leadership with regard to HIT by focusing on five main areas. First, nurses could enrol in graduate programs that concentrate on administration. The programs have to be based on informatics education. Second, nurses could enrol in nursing leadership programs that are offered within networks in the healthcare industry. Third, nurses could reap from self-education opportunities. The opportunities greatly help executives and managers in the field of nursing to advance their careers. Fourth, nursing executives could enrol in organizational fellowship programs that are aimed to provide nursing informatics mentorship. Fifth, nurse leaders could reap from learning opportunities offered by technology vendors, which aim to train nurses on specific applications of HIT within healthcare organizations (TIGER, 2011). The TIGER nursing informatics competencies model from a leadership standpoint The model focuses on promoting nursing informatics leadership because it is crucial in the adoption of HIT projects within the healthcare industry (TIGER, 2011). The TIGER views HIT from a leadership perspective. For a successful implementation of nursing informatics within healthcare organizations, nurse leaders have to lead others in the design and adoption of HIT programs. Nursing leadership is crucial in soliciting for funding aimed to support HIT programs. Also, prudent leadership is important in overcoming barriers that could hinder successful implementation of HIT projects. My setting and an information technology initiative I work in a setting where gunshots are used as a diagnosis code. An information technology initiative would be a new information system. The rationale for the choice of this initiative is that it would promote healthcare by enhancing the storage, processing and retrieval of patients’ data. A new information system would be used by healthcare providers within and outside the setting to promote the process of making crucial clinical decisions and contribute to better processes of sharing healthcare resources (Caballero & Hullin, 2010). Management strategies The management needs to adopt crucial strategies for a successful implementation of a new technology initiative. The management should ensure that end-users are educated in the various aspects of HIT. This would go a long way in ensuring that there is a high degree of users’ information technology (IT) competence (Caballero & Hullin, 2010; Liaw & Gray, 2010). The management should adopt a strategy that aims to train nurse leaders on the adoption of information systems within healthcare organizations. The leaders would train their juniors. Another management strategy that sh
Thesis: It is obvious that men and women have different social roles that influence their behavior and attitude to the process of getting the education, family relations and social life (for instance, the life within student communities). Although some of the researchers indicate the presence of women’s violence in domestic life, the reinforced notions, domestic violence and control of the partner are peculiar to men.  1. Peculiarities of gender aspect within the education system and labour market  2. Attitude for marriage of men and women as one of the major aspects within the analysis of gender roles  3. Family relations as a significant ground of the different gender roles  4. Fraternities and sororities as the student communities where they can feel more protective and free  5. Grinding dance as an example of different gender roles Analysis of gender roles is very popular nowadays. The researchers investigate this issue, analyzing the peculiarities of gender roles of men and women in the modern society. Gender
Abstract The need for Data replication has grown a lot and in a large organization, different data replication techniques and systems are implemented in order to recover data in case of any disaster. The paper has three sections: The first section deals with the introduction, the second deals with existing problems in data replication via WAN among geographically remote sites, Third section deals with the proposed solution for data replication Via WAN. Data Replication Replication is a common term widely used in information technology. In order to improve reliability, fault tolerance and accessibility data replication is done. Replication is a process of sharing information to ensure consistency between redundant resources (Data Replication, 2007). Replication is a process of sharing information in order to make a connection or network reliable and effective. Software and hardware components are also shared by the replication process. Replication could be in form of data which is widely known as data replication, i.e. same data is stored in multiple locations for later access. A computational task could be replicated in a number of forms i.e. replication by time, replication by space, replication by separate disk. There are two types of replication one is active replication and the second one is passive replication. Active replication is a process of processing the same request at every replica and in passive replication, every single request is processed on a single replica and its state is transferred to other replicas. Many people do not differentiate between data replication, load balancing and backup. Load balancing and backup are totally different from replication. Load processing is a process of sharing data or balancing data into one machine for recovery in case of any failure. Backup is a process of saving data for a long time for recovery. Back up can be updated from time to time. One common terminology that is also used in computer systems is database replication, database replication is a process widely used in database management systems this term is used in a master-slave relationship with original and copies of original data. In a database management system, data replication is done in numerous ways. Most logs the update which then ripples to the slaves. Database replication is difficult when the database is large; sometimes it becomes difficult to deal with a huge amount of data. Usually, when the database system scales up database replication becomes difficult. Scaling is done in two dimensions, vertical and horizontal. More replicas are involved in horizontal scaling; vertical scales have replicas located over distances. Multilayer access protocol is widely used for solving problems associated with horizontal scale-up. Data replication is very common in a distributed system, Data replication is the oldest term associated with the database management system, in distributed systems
Characteristics of the Modern Nation-State Nation A Nation refers to a sovereign entity which constitutes of people who share common language, culture and history as well as a government. A Nation may have or may not have geographical boundaries. In international relations, a Nation may refer to a sovereign country with a government, which is fully responsible for the day to day running of the affairs of that country. An example of Nation is Egypt (White & White, 2007). State A State is a politically organized community which exists under a government. The State derives its legitimacy from the people and may be completely sovereign or may be under another authority like a Federal government. Many States usually have a centralized governance system in which decisions are made by bureaucrats who usually sit in the capital of the State or country. A State is usually composed of people from diverse backgrounds in terms of culture, ethnicity, tribe, religion and language. An example of a State is South Africa (White & White, 2007). Nation-State A Nation-State is one which comprises elements of a State and a Nation. A Nation-State typically comprises of people who share a culture, history, language and other cultural aspects as well as a geographical territory. A Nation-State is usually a sovereign entity with a centralized government. It is distinguished from a Nation and a State in that it is usually homogenous in terms of the above mentioned attributes. Examples of Nation-States include Albania, Bangladesh, Iceland and Hungary among others. In these Nation-States, over 90% of the inhabitants have common cultural attributes (White & White, 2007). Modern Nation-State The concept of modern State is different from the traditional Nation-State in that it is a bit liberalized in terms of its cultural elements. As opposed to the traditional Nation-States like the ones mentioned above, the modern Nation-State is composed of people from diverse cultural backgrounds, but who share a territory and a central governs(s). A modern Nation-State is formulated in a manner which allows it to deliver a wide range of services to the citizens, either at one level or tw
Introduction A congress is a group of people elected to by people to make laws. The United State of America consists of a senate and the House of Representatives. The principal accountability of a democratic state is to try and regulate risks that politicians rule over the people. This can be effectively achieved by regular and fair elections by allowing the citizens to extend or terminate government tenure. For a government to extend its tenure they try to woe the people by being responsive to their needs. Reasons for incumbents are re- elections. Most of the incumbents upon realizing they want another term they work towards anticipating potential expectations and past judgments, therefore the citizens vote to get a better government and structure incentives for them. The incumbents use their power of redrawing legislative district boundaries to create more safe seats for themselves Changes in electron behavior The decrees in partisanship benefit the incumbent. This is most effective where the people choose their leaders carefully by not being blinded by the political parties or influential leaders. Money is being used in regulating elections. It has been seen that the newcomers are likely to spend more than the incumbent is trying to familiarize themselves; as the challenger is competing against a well-established name. Therefore the incumbent is not likely to go into bankruptcy quicker than the challenger. Positive development of a nation. Difference in governing skills. This is applicable in making sound decisions on different sectors of the state’s economy. This can be an added advantage to the country if mostly the state was in an economic meltdown. Negative implications Inability to spend money.if the predecessor government was able to effectively control the government spending and the incoming tries to spend more they can put a country into a depression. Fear by the foreign investors. The foreign investors may fear the state of a government in maintaining peace, tranquility and the taxes. Most investors are interested in a country if it has good policies on taxation and the security of their businesses. Even ground for all. The constitution should come up with a way of regulating funds used during the campaigns as some have more advantage than other especially the ruling government. The constitution should guide on the levels of education rather than popularity. This mostly affects African countries where levels of illiteracy are high.
Introduction Social change is a noteworthy modification in behavior patterns and cultural beliefs and practices. Noteworthy modification in behavior patterns and practices refers to changes that yield profound social results. Social change is a process in which beliefs, attitudes and institutions of a society become altered. Numerous theories have been developed to explain the causes, process and results of social change. These theories have been used to develop strategies used in social work, product promotion and business. In addition, theorists have noted that individuals must have certain features for social change to take place. People must believe that they are at risk for a challenge that can result into serious outcomes. A belief that a certain way of behavior can reduce or eliminate the outcomes of the challenge results into social change. The traits that necessitate the alteration in behavior are amo
Introduction Islamic branding has recently created a lot of attention in the academic world for its faith-based strategies in the marketing field. Evidence of this interest comes from the introduction of Islamic academic journals that investigate the intricacies of the marketing model (Yusof, 2014). Similarly, the start of the Islamic branding consulting service shows that many professionals are curious about how Islamic branding works. However, the status of Islamic branding does not (merely) emerge from the interest and demand for Islamic commercial services; it stems from the weaknesses and gaps of conventional branding methods and their failure to appeal to the needs of all market segments. People do not have a definitive understanding of Islamic branding. To clarify this issue, Yusof (2014) says Islamic branding mainly focuses on promoting halal . This paper widely uses this concept in several sections of this paper because it denotes what is acceptable, or lawful, to the Muslim faithful. Many scholars have adopted the above definition of Islamic branding to underscore its importance in global commerce. For example, Yusof (2014) uses three criteria to explain Islamic branding by emphasizing the importance of using the country of origin, target audience, and whether it is Halal (or not) to define whether marketing campaigns are Islamic brands, or not. The following diagram shows this conceptual framework Figure One: Conceptual framework for Islamic branding (Source: Alijumani and Siddiqui, 2012). The diagram above shows that Islamic branding stems from an Islamic belief system, which shapes people’s perceptions about products and services. Therefore, perception is the moderating variable among the three pillars of Islamic branding. Alijumani and Siddiqui (2012) use this understanding to say that many Muslims depend on their perceptions for supporting Islamic branding, as opposed to their Islamic values. Based on the above understanding of Islamic branding, this paper explores the intricacies surrounding the marketing concept by investigating the differences between Islamic brands and conventional brands. Similarly, this paper seeks to understand what Islamic branding has to offer (that is unavailable today) and highlights the weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities of the marketing concept. These analyses provide the platform for exploring examples of countries that have used (or use) this marketing model. However, before delving into the details surrounding this analogy, it is important to comprehend the Islamic norms of ethics that underscore its application. Islamic Norms of Ethics Free Enterprise Islam allows its followers to make a living in whichever way they please. However, whichever business a person chooses to do, he should manage it within the framework of the sharia law. Similarly, whichever business a person chooses to do, he must manage it responsibly. Simply, this provision requires businesspersons to choose lawful activities and shun haram (Azmi, 2014). Keenness to earn legitimately As shown above, Islam emphasizes the need for traders to earn legitimately
The three articles to be considered in the present work are all dedicated to the issues of racial inequality existing in the USA and the multifaceted attitude that can be adopted concerning the problem. The authors of the articles discussed are researchers in different fields since the issue of racial juxtaposition has been discussed for a long period so far, finding no clear solution to the problems emerging nowadays. In the article “Models of American Ethnic Relations: A Historical Perspective” George Fredrickson indicates that there is a problem of racial inequality in the USA not only concerning the white, Caucasian people and such national groups as Latin Americans, Native Americans, and African Americans; he argues that there has emerged the hostility and segregation of certain groups among the Caucasian type of nationality as well: Throughout its history, the United States has been inhabited by a variety of interacting racial or ethnic groups. In addition to the obvious “color line” structuring relationships between dominant whites and lower-status blacks, Indians, and Asians, there have at times been important social distinctions among those of white or European ancestry (Fredrickson). The author also summarizes the four models of cultural interrelations existing in the USA: hierarchy, assimilation, pluralism, separatism. The relations of the hierarchy are seen by him in the context of accepting the dominance of one group over another one together with assuming the primary superiority of the former over the latter one. In such a case the privileges and rights are distributed on an unequal basis, justified by some reasons chosen by the dominant group and proving that it is entitled to them more than another one. The second model of relations, one-side assimilation, presupposes a certain type of equality; however, the price for equality is the refusal from authenticity by one group and it’s adopting the profile of the dominant group accepting it under these circumstances (Fredrickson). The position of cultural pluralism is the most beneficial one for cultural and racial minorities as it emphasizes the positive influence of the cultural multitude and diversity. The project of the 20 th century met the resistance of pro-nationalists in America and failed to be implemented (Fredrickson). The last model, separatism, is directed at minimizing the intervention of different cultural groups. It proved successful in some European countries, however, being unacceptable for the USA for a set of reasons – the arising nationalism within the country makes it undesirable as well (Fredrickson). Steele takes another point of view on the issue of