ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the developed societies of the modern world, it is one of the major premises that freedom of expression is the pivotal character of liberal democracy. A democratic government must guarantee the right to question and debate the merits and flaws of policies, politicians, and any other political- or social-related issues without being subject to prosecution. Open discourse and open statement of a personal point of view on any topic whatsoever is the essential aspect of personal freedom and autonomy (Roach and Schneiderman 266). Section 2 of the Constitution Act 1982 states that each person has a number of fundamental freedoms concerning the ability to state his/her personal viewpoint, which include the freedom of opinion, thought, belief, and expression. This right also presupposes freedom of all the existing types of media (Roach and Schneiderman 266). However, there exist certain limitations that become evident when one takes a closer look. Section 1 of the same Act claims that even fundamental freedoms must have their restrictions even if they do not violate other people’s rights. This means that practically any utterance may be considered unconstitutional (Knott par. 5). Thus, the paper at hand states that despite the alleged freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution of the country, the nature of this freedom is rather ambiguous as any type of intellectual or artistic expression may be subject to legal prosecution. The research performed is based on the review of literature highlighting different domains that have to deal with censorship. The ultimate goal of the study is to prove that though the right for freedom of speech is nominally present in Canada, its actual administration proves to be ineffective, which puts the country far behind the principles promoted by democracy. Legal limits on Speech The criminal legislation of the country puts certain legal limits on speech. They are connected with such wrongdoings as treason, blasphemy, religious worship disruption, falsification of information, obscene vocabulary, and many others (Moon 80). The major law dealing with these issues is called Libel and Defamation law. Libel refers to slander recorded in various types of publication whereas defamation concerns the right of an individual to receive moral compensation in case of publication of the text that damages his/her personal dignity and reputation. The law seems to be reasonable as it provides regulations necessary for the media that can sometimes resort to libel in order to attract larger audiences. However, the government went much further than protectin
There have been several remarkable advances in science that it is not easy to pick the most significant one. Given that chemistry underpins the conceptual framework and methodology of numerous other scientific disciplines, it is very likely that a breakthrough in chemistry would change and ameliorate the concepts in the entire scientific field. In my study of chemistry, in and out of class, I noticed that a remarkable advance took place in the beginning of the twentieth century namely chromatography. Traditionally chemistry has been known as the study of the nature, properties and composition of matter, and how matter undergoes changes. Chromatography stands out as a remarkable advance in chemistry, as it advances the very core of chemistry, by increasing efficiency of studying the nature, properties, and composition of matter. The close association of chemistry with other branches of science like biology, geology and physics has meant that the greater understanding in the chemistry of matter, brought about through chromatography has contributed to advances on these other associated branches of science. Chromatography technique came into being in 1900, through the efforts of the Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet, while studying chlorophyll. More than five decades later an advance in chromatography technique in the form of partition chromatography gave its inventors, Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Lawrence Millinton Synge the Nobel Prize in 1952. Chromatography has continued to advance since then. The basic principles of chromatography have led to applications in many different ways, leading to the emergence of different varieties chromatography. Such advances have improved the technical performance of chromatography allowing chemical analysis at molecular and atomic levels. Chromatography is a collective term that covers all the different laboratory techniques that are used for separation of mixtures. In chromatography a mixture is dissolved in a mobile phase and passed through a stationary phase, which enables the separation of the molecules chosen for analysis or the analyte from the other molecules present in the mixture. Put in simple terms chromatography makes use of the differing affinities among the analyte, the stationary phase, and the mobile phase to cause the separation of the analyte. Chromatography is used in two forms preparative or analytical. In preparative chromatography the components of a mixture are sought to be further separated for further use and may be considered a form of purification, while in analytical chromatography smaller amounts of the matter is used for measuring the relative properties of the analytes to provide a better understanding of it. Some of the more frequently employed varieties of chromatography include partition chromatography, adsorption chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, siz
The date for accessing the USGS Earthquake maps is December 1, 2020. The earthquake that is the largest by magnitude is in California. It started at approximately 4 am Near Ukiah. Its magnitude was 3.3, while the depth reached 3.6 kilometers. Although there are no faults on which more than one earthquake would happen, some of the breaks were in close vicinity of each other. For instance, the state of Nevada had two earthquakes on November 30, with coordinates 38.150°N 117.989°W and 38.142°N 117.887°W. The map “Recent earthquakes in California and Nevada” indicates that the two largest earthquakes happened in the northwestern and the south parts of California. The spot of the last one is 33.174N115.605W, while the northern one is at 40.279N124.414W. The northern earthquake reached a magnitude of 3.5 on November 29, while the southern one peaked at 3.6 on November 26. Overall, the past week bore witness to four large clusters of seismic disturbances. The first is the western coastline, the second is the intersection between the states of Nevada and California. The third area is to the south of the second, while the fourth cluster is near the southern border of California. It appears that the center in the middle between the coast and the Nevada border is the safest as there are no earthquakes depicted. It is possible to minimize the damage by an earthquake. Firstly, it is necessary to have a family emergency plan, which includes common meeting spots, means of communication, and course of action. Secondly, a family has to possess an emergency supply kit with food, medical, and cleaning supplies. Finally, heavy items at home should be secured, and all structural weaknesses ought to be addressed. It may also prove beneficial to extend the insurance policy to cover earthquake damage.
What unfair labor practices may have occurred? Although Pete Ross went against the stipulation in the Employees’ Handbook that prohibited consumption of alcoholic beverages within the company premises, the company’s supervisor, George, seem to have hoarded some hatred towards Ross. The discharge of peter Ross was unfair labor practice because out of hatred, George requested and supported his discharge. The plant manager perceived the discharge as routine but rooted for punishment rather than discharge in order to support first-line managers. Furthermore, other machinists read mischief in the discharge of Ross for according to them; it was not just another routine practice. The machinists had many fears that the company was at liberty to discharge them unfairly, just as Ross and this prompted them to join the union. Despite the fact that Ross did quality work, George ironically blurted to that the company did not need quality but quantity work. This remark underscores the hatred that George harbored towards Ross and therefore it is evident that Ross lost his job unfairly. Termination of John Briggs was another unfair labor practice. The company terminated him because he advocated for the rights of machinists by encouraging them to join International Association of Machinists Union. John Briggs advised other machinists to join the union as a way of protect themselves against unfair labor practices by their employer. All through his dealings, John Briggs acted within the law but the employer felt threatened by his efforts thus discriminatively terminated his contract on false grounds that, he was unproductive and continually absent in past year. According to Alberta Labour Relation Board, no employer “…shall refuse to employ … or discriminate against any person in regard to employment or any term or condition of employment because the person is a member of a trade union or an applicant for membership in a trade union” (2003, p. 4). This provision prohibits employers from preventing or undermining the efforts of employees from participating in their respective trade unions. Therefore, termination of John Briggs due to his participation in the International Association of Machinists was an unfair labor practice. Should management offer reinstatement to Pete Ross or John Briggs? The company management should offer reinstatement to John Briggs because the employer violated his rights of particip
Introduction Among the many techniques used to determine the market position of a business organization is SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is used by to keep a close watch of the progress of a company and take remedial actions in case there is a need. This paper will carry out a detailed SWOT analysis of PepsiCo. Background of the Company Pepsi is the second largest food and beverage company in the world in market share; it was founded in the year 1965. The company is headquartered in the city of New York. The company deals with the manufacturing and marketing of several products, these products are salt, sweet and grain based snacks and carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. The company aims at achieving growth and long term value in its operations by seeking to create competitive advantages which can be realized through product innovation. The company’s mainstream and trade mark product is Pepsi which is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by the Pepsi company. The company’s revenue is more than 39 million and it employs approximately 200, 000 employees. The company is made up of Pepsi Company Americas Foods, Pepsi Co Americas Beverages and Pepsi Company International. Pepsi Company Americas Foods is based in Latin America and encompasses food and snacks business including its operations in Mexico; Pepsi Company Beverages is based in North America and its beverage subsidiaries in Latin America beverages businesses while the Pepsi Company International includes all the operations in Asia, Europe, and Middle East. The strategic and business affairs of the Pepsi Company are overseen by a Board of directors. The company has been in existence for a very long time after being pioneered by Caleb Bradham, pharmacists who began to experiment with various soft drinks. Pepsi cola developed as a soft drink in 1898 and since then the company has grown to be one of the most recognized in the world. Since then the company has had a positive growth strategy due to its impressive presence in USA and across the globe leading to health profits and an increased market share. The company is broken into four major branches namely: Frito-lay North America, PepsiCo Beverages North America, PepsiCo International and the Quaker Foods North America. Using these markets, PepsiCo has had the largest foothold on the market. The financial position of PepsiCo is a strong. It has boasted of impressive results in the net revenue, total operating profits, return on investment and return to the shareholders. The cash flow from the operations was approximately $6.1 billion and increased earnings per share. The strong financial position is largely due to intense marketing undertaken by the company, product diversification and their unmatched strong presence in the USA which by itself is a large market. The company employs approximately 71, 000 employees in its international ventures and it engages in manufacturing, distribution, and the marketing of non–alcoholic beverages all over the world
Introduction I will utilize this report to offer a description of the steps I took to access my past health record. Personal health records are important in the contemporary world where personalized care is critical. Documentation of health aspects of an individual is important in improving health outcomes (Duan, Street & Xu, 2011). In the recent past, I encountered migraine headache that forced me to change my personal physician. My current physician encouraged me to access my previous health record so that he would offer better care, which would be greatly impacted by my health history. Approach I was aware that my health record was in the form of softcopy because my former physician worked in a facility that used information management system. I planned to visit the facility and request the front desk staff to schedule an appointment with a general practitioner in charge of health records. On 5 August 2014, I visited the facility and asked the front office staff whether I could speak to the doctor in charge of health records. I was happy when I was informed that I would not need to seek an appointment because he was not busy at that time. Dialogue (physician’s office) 5 August 2014 at 9:30am S: Student D: Doctor S: Good morning doctor. D: Good morning. How may I help you? S: I am interested in accessing my healthcare record that is in this health facility. D: Why are you in need of your healthcare record? S: I have a new physician who does not work in your facility and he would like to go through my health record so that he may have the right information as he attempts to treat me with regard to migraine headache. D: Sure, you need to have it. Can I have your name? ( I spell out my name as he typed on the computer ). Kindly come closer so that you may access your record. Confirm whether the information is yours. S: I confirm. D: Let me send you the inf
Introduction From the early 2010s, different Arab countries experienced unprecedented cases of uprisings, anti-government protests, and armed rebellions. The primary trigger of such unrest was the low living standards experienced in most of the affected nations. Some of these events attracted the attention of authorities, thereby resulting in numerous deaths and injuries in most of the affected countries. Each revolution took a different path due to the existing factors, expectations of the involved parties, and the influence of external forces. The purpose of the proposed study is to analyze and identify the factors and approaches that explain the failure and success recorded in some of the affected countries. The study will also examine the role of political culture, organization of protests, and civil society in supporting or affecting the intended political change. Proposed Argument and Research Questions The Arab Spring of the early 2010s was a widespread upheaval that took place in different Arab countries, including Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, and Libya. The citizens of these nations had become unhappy with the recorded levels of bureaucracy, poor government, and reduced levels of stakeholder involvement in leadership. Other key concerns included ineffective policymaking processes and the absence of civilian empowerment. Such situations compelled most people to rise against the government and consider new ways of demanding equality and improved living standards (Masoud, 2018). Unfortunately, some of the authorities chose to respond ruthlessly by arresting civilians and even killing others. The level of violence increased significantly with some regions experiencing unprecedented regional conflicts, insurgencies, and civil wars. Among the people protesting, most of them wanted to replace the government and focused on an increased level of democracy. Most of the citizens in the affected country focused on a new form of life and were empowered to engage in political decision-making. However, large-scale violence or conflict emerged in specific nations as a result of the uprising (Mushtaq & Afzal, 2017). For instance, the Syrian Civil War and the domination of the ISIL could be attributable to the protests recorded in Syria. Egypt would record a leadership crisis that affected the experiences and lives of many individuals (Tayem et al., 2018). Consequently, the affected nations experienced increased cases of economic hardship, instability, and poor living conditions. The case of Tunisia is quite different since the people were able to vote in a democratic process that resulted in the adoption of a progressive Constitution in 2014 (Tayem et al., 2018). This achievement has been associated with increased levels of human rights, equality, and empowerment of the people in this North African nation. The government would eventually become decentralized and ensure that more people can engage in policymaking processes. These issues reveal that some factors could have triggered the failure or success of the protests in the recorded countries (Mushtaq & Afzal, 2017). A detailed study can
Introduction The papers will discuss various effects of pollution on birthrates in California and other parts of the world. The paper will also discuss the amounts carbon which is considered dangerous to fetus and their mothers. Some researches have been done in California and it is shocking to note how air pollutants increase in the atmosphere is so dangerous (Haas, 2007). Also air pollutants affect the pulmonary artery, valve anomalies and aortic artery. The abnormalities caused by excess carbon in the atmosphere also include cleft lip, ozone, and heart defects. The paper will also discuss the professional literature used in various research units. There were various methods used to come up with the various suggestions of this paper. Statistical methods were used; these methods used estimates by logic regression and a hierarchical regression. There was the use of polymus logistic regression, semi Bayesian estimation whereby a prior variance was set at 0.5. There were chromosomal defects which were characterized by; isolated cleft lip and cleft palace in males (Diepgen, 2006).In many cases, some of the results which were found were not consistent. Medical response results of a research carried out by (Roohi, Kula & Mehta, 2001) in the second month of carbon monoxide exposure to ventricular septal were as follows:   * In the first quartile, odds ratio   * Second quartile carbon monoxide,1.62 %   * third quartile carbon monoxide, 2.09%,   * Fourth quartile carbon monoxide, 2.09%. It was found out that a clear dose of carbon and ozone had direct effect on response pattern of aortic septum, valve and ventricular septal. (Haas, 2007). The participants of this study were the populace of the area of study, researchers, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program staff and pregnant ladies who were being examined (Diepgen, 2006). Study quality In the research, there were various cases which tried to justify the negative impact of carbon in the atmosphere to the unborn babies. The study was based on data collected and tests done on pregnant women in various stages of their pregnancy. During the first three to eight weeks of the pregnancy, the levels of air pollutants in the unborn babies were as follows; ozone-2.5%, nitrogen dioxide-2.1%, sulphur dioxide-1.9%, carbon monoxide-3.2% per week. However, in some tests the carbon effect was not significant thus implying that this study was not full proof (Haas, 2007). This study design was highly positive in regards to the research question. This is because the populace was involved and the results were well documented thus justifying the results. Another justification of this study was the use of proper methods of carrying out the study; which were articulate and precise. According to Haas (2007), “the cases were examined in an appropriate manner which was acceptable to all; this was because the cases were well defined.” T
The main objective of the research article “Ethical decision-making in hospicecare” was to determine what comprises the processes and the extent of latitude in making decisions when issues of ethical nature arise in practice (Walker & Breitsameter, 2015). This objective was informed by the idea that the successful process of ending life does not only pay attention to physical suffering, but it also pays high value to the mental and emotional sufferings, spiritual needs, and the social problems of the patient. Hospices are usually set up based on a holistic strategy that considers the well-being of the target clients. One major challenge identified in hospices is that they develop mission statements that also prove very difficult even for themselves to honor as they endeavor to perform their duties following the set standards and codes of ethics in care. In an ideal situation, nurses work in an environment that is largely characterized by voluminous standards of professional conduct and multiple standards of expertise and care which provide rules and regulations for how to care administration should be conducted. Furthermore, the nurses are bound by the nursing code of ethics which is established by the International Council of Nurses. With this background information, the authors sought to establish the actual ways in which the four pillars of hospice care are considered during the routine daily activities of hospice nurses, and which problems and challenges emerge as a result of that. It is on this question that the study objective was founded. Within the study, the authors also sought to establish the degree of importance given to established care standards as well as mission statements (Walker & Breitsameter, 2015). A qualitative approach was used as the ideal method to address the study problem. Data were mainly collected through interviews and observations. After obtaining informed consent from the interviewees, a digital recording system was used to record the interviews. Study ethical considerations included reporting the study to the Ethics Commission, who had initially voiced some concerns when the study protocol was first submitted. At the hospice level where the study was conducted, the directors’ approval was received. Finally, all the rights of the study participants were preserved by way of providing informed consent (Walker & Breitsameter, 2015). From the study, the authors established that the nature of medications administered in the pre-final phase, and the issues surrounding the provision of liquid and solid in the