ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Introduction This initial statement is a plan to disclose the intention of beginning a restaurant that solely serves Caribbean cuisines by a group young business minded investors. It is based on facts gathered from analysis of the industry in New York. This proposal will remove any possible doubt by ascertaining the viability of the business in its initial target market (Bhatia, 2000). Le déjeuner de la Caribe, the name of the restaurant, is an establishment that will sell Caribbean cuisine. This will include a fusion of Indian, Chinese, African, British, French, and American Indian dishes. The restaurant will offer quality and fancy Caribbean dine-in-cuisine. The total amount of money that shall be needed to run the restaurant for its first year will be $ 300,000. This amount includes $200,000 for startup capital and $100,000 for operations reserves. In order to locate the target market, Le déjeuner de la Caribe will be sited in upstate New York which is also close to one of the up market residential areas. This will ensure a 24/7 work flow during working days, weekends and holidays. To be more specific, the restaurant will be located near a business mall in New York with a continuous streaming of shoppers and people in general (Clow and Baack, 2007). This is the restaurant of this kind in this location as most of the restaurants in New York are fast food restaurants (Cook, 2000). Mission statement To provide fancy and quality joule of the Caribbean cuisine Vision statement To have a global franchised network of restaurants that sells our diverse food product and services Value The value of the restaurant will be based on its clients, associates and ideologies. The clients are the most important value for the Le déjeuner de la Caribe. It is the clients who will ensure that a culture of eating from the restaurant and all its future franchises is built (Graebner, 2005). This will be achieved by ensuring that the services we offer shall be of high quality. Our associates shall be highly appreciated in accordance to the labor laws of the state of New York. Finally, our ideologies and principles are also of great value to Le déjeuner de la Caribe. We believe in quality food, great services and a perfect dining environment for both family and couples. To achieve this we will ensure that the menu is very appealing to diverse clients and the dining environment is perfect for clientele satisfaction. Project overview Apart from the dine-in restaurant, additional services that shall be offered include:   * Catering for private fancy dining   * Family ho
Tourism is believed to be one of the most influential and fastest growing industries across the world. Its growth over the recent years has been on a steady rise with numerous countries across the world witnessing an upward mobility in their tourism industries (Dabour, 2003, p.25). According to Sharpley and Telfer (2002, p.1), both international and global tourism are estimated to be worth US$3.5 trillion. This report is supported by Lindsay (2003) who states that “Worldwide, tourism generates annual revenues of nearly 3 trillion US dollars and contributes nearly 11% of the global GNP (Gross National Product), making it the world’s largest industry.” In a more recent documentation by UNWTO (2011), the industry of tourism is reported to generate estimated global revenue of US$919 billion just from its exports alone. This clearly shows the immense value of tourism as a vital aspect in the development and planning of today’s business-oriented world. Many studies conducted today attest to this fact—with a good number of them prospecting a better future for tourism in spite of being, admittedly, aware of the looming dangers prospected to come in the near future. One such scholar is Kim (2010, p.1) who says that: The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) forecasts that the world tourism industry will grow at an annual rate of 4.1% by the year 2020 with international arrivals reaching nearly 1.56 billion by the year 2020 in Tourism 2020 Vision, its long-term forecast and assessment of the development of tourism. But before delving into such intricacies, what really does the term tourism mean? In essence, tourism generally refers to the act of travelling for purposes of leisure, recreation and business (Tezak et al., 2010, pp.202-212). Its categories include heritage tourism, ecotourism, wildlife tourism, religious tourism and cultural tourism. Fundamentally, several factors contribute variably to the progress or advancement of tourism. These factors include (but are not limited to): good management policies by the concerned tourism bodies and people, the availability of rich ecosystems which encourage visits, relative efficacy of financial institutions and viable cooperation among stakeholders (Lindsay, 2003). However, based on the varying nature of development in countries; tourism development and planning (whether national, regional or international) occurs differently across the world. For example, in Southeast Asia and the Pacific which are reported as the fastest growing tourism regions; tourism development and planning tends to be more efficient as opposed to slow-growing regions like Africa (UNWTO, 2011). Even more importantly, changes in needs and wants across regions have led to tourism development being regarded differently. As explicatively detailed in chapter 1 and 2 of the book Tourism and development: concepts and issues by Sharpley and Telfer, development in tourism is today viewed as self-actualization, economic growth, capitalism or socialism, structural change, cultural reliance or even autonomous industrialization; all at the same time. As a result, the tourism planning taken by people or organizations differs from one plac
Abstract Abu Dhabi University was given a charter in the year 2000. After 3 years of preparation, the institution of higher education admitted its first students in the year 2003. The university has two campuses. Before registering students, the university is required to obtain all essential measures to guarantee approval for all its degree courses from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. The university aims to be the leading higher education institution in the UAE, the Arabian Gulf region, and internationally. Considered that the university has a few years of operation, achieving the above aim is a great challenge. Its courses, incorporating a number of diverse cultures and structures, emulate the history of our society and embrace emerging requirements of Emiratis. The paper below analyses the quality of learning at Abu Dhabi University. Introduction Abu Dhabi University offers a variety of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees (Abu Dhabi University, 2015). Some of the degrees are founded on the American structure of higher education. Other professional and diploma courses are based on the British structure of post-secondary education. Abu Dhabi University’s formal language is English. Nonetheless, the institution offers degree and diploma courses in English and Arabic languages. Currently, the quality of learning at Abu Dhabi University is the major worry among education stakeholders (Abu Dhabi University, 2015). Researchers agree that supervising and upholding the quality of education in higher institutions with diverse cultural populace is not only thought-provoking and a difficult task. The paper below focuses on the quality of learning at Abu Dhabi University. A prototype to uphold the quality of learning in the university will be analysed along with its difficulties. Research question As indicated above
Introduction The Consumer Trading from Unfair Regulations 2008 provides a general deterrence on business people in all sectors involved in commercial practices that are deemed unfair against consumers. The enactment of Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading 2008 (SI 2008/1277) on May 26, 2008, has resulted in significant reforms in consumer protection. [1] Specifically, Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations guides advertising and marketing aimed at consumers. These regulations also apply an elaborate approach based on principles to protect consumers as opposed to efforts to deal with unfair trade practices on an ad hoc basis. The adoption of the Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 has driven the UK closer to a general duty to trade fairly. The extent of the implementation of these regulations is indicative in the repeal of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and part III of the Consumer Protection Act 1987. [2] The regulations have also changed several statutory instruments concerned with specific trade practices. This paper assesses the extent to which the implementation of the requirements of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive by Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 has resulted in the general duty for fair trade. [3] SI 2008/1277 regulations enforce the Unfair Commercial Practices Directives formulated by the European Commission. This directive was formulated to enable trading across boundaries for the gain of both traders and consumers. It’s aimed at enhancing the satisfaction and confidence of consumers, thereby encouraging cross-border buying by consumers. Additionally, the directive also aimed at simplifying the local consumer law and ensuring high-level protection of consumers. In essence, the UCPD replaced national unfair commercial practices laws with standardized European Union regulations. The UCPD provided for a general fairness clause an ambition desired by enforcement authorities and the consumer movement. The implementation of this clause enabled Europe to fulfill what could not be attained in domestic consumer policy. However, the maximum harmonization provision requires the exclusion of any national laws provisions that are more protective of the consumer within the scope of the Directive. [4] Principle of Maximum Harmonization The UCPD insists on maximal harmonization of unfair trading laws in the European Union. Previous EU directives on consumer protection insisted on minimum harmonization allowing member countries to ensure that their consumer laws offered a minimum level of protection; at the same time, allowing member states to exceed this and offer more consumer protection. As a maximum directive, UCPD does not allow variations in terms of application of the law. All member states of the EU including the UK are required to offer protection as per the provisions or standards provided in the areas required. The standards set must be adhered to, that is, it demands member nation
Introduction Cerebral palsy manifests itself in the form of multiple syndromes mainly related to posture and mobility disorders. Brain injury is the major cause of this medical condition. Cerebral palsy is prevalent among young children, with about 50 percent of such children having been born premature (Montgomery et al., 1999). Treatments, including pharmacology and surgery, focus on increasing motor functions by lowering the chances of experiencing spasticity. However, these medications may have unintended outcomes for children. For instance, those with spasticity are required to undergo various surgical processes that, in turn, may result in further complications. As this paper reveals, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is used as an alternative to these procedures. Nevertheless, it has effects that have led to wide scholarly discussions regarding its efficacy in the treatment of cerebral palsy patients. Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy HBO therapy involves making patients inhale pure oxygen into the hyperbaric chamber at a pressure above one atmosphere. However, such oxygen intake is only allowable up to three atmospheres. According to McDonagh et al. (2003), this procedure has the potential of making patients develop physiological and mechanical effects due to hyperoxia that is usually accompanied by high blood pressure. HBOT is administered in sessions ranging between 90 and 120 minutes. However, there lacks a standard measure regarding the necessary number of sessions to cause the desired results, the frequency, and the appropriate duration. Collet et al. (2001) studied 111 children with cerebral palsy whereby one group (n=57) underwent HBO therapy using oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres while the other category (n=54) was subjected to a pressure of 1.75 atmospheres. Improvements were noted regarding children’s speech, activity levels, and memory. In terms of the measured outcomes, no differences were observed for the two treatment approaches due to the lack of a normalized method of establishing the appropriate pressure to produce the desired results. However, even with scholarly arguments concerning the standardization and efficacy of HBO, it produces diverse effects on children with cerebral palsy. For instance, patients experience ear barotraumas, which is the discomfort felt in their ears due to variations or changes in pressure. The study by Collet et al. (2001) reported improvements among young children suffering from cerebral palsy, irrespective of the pressure of the oxygen they were breathing. This situation lasted for more than 3 months (Correspondence, 2001). These findings were remarkable upon considering that medicinal treatments had been stopped for six weeks while physiotherapy had been halted during medication and assessment periods. However, among children undergoing HBO procedures, the risk of ear barotrauma was high. Particularly, twenty-seven of them suffered from ear barotrauma (Collet et al., 2001). However, one cannot conclu
Introduction The concept of representation is based on the idea that the United States is a democratic nation, where democracy is depicted in the representation of her people in the House of Congress. However, it has been hard to tell the kind of representation in such a democratic society. Whether the majority of the citizen’s wishes are represented and presented before the House of the Representatives act on their wishes and those of their Congress leaders will be analyzed in this paper. Main Body Over time, the aspect of representation in the House of Congress has lacked reality. This statement is made within the premises of class and occupational representation. According to James and Dilulio (p. 231), all classes and occupations need to be represented in the House, but this idea of “full” representation will remain visionary and out of touch since it can only be provided for by the Constitution. Even with the constitutional provision, it will lack a practical touch. With this in mind, it can easily be argued that representation of this nature will make the most complex Congress America has ever had. If, for instance, each class and occupation should be represented, a lot of issues will arise from this. First, the wealthy in the society will be at the forefront to “guard” their interests when at the same time the poor majority in the American society will be demanding an ear. Second, several crises will be created based on interests, and this will stall government and even Congress activities. On the other hand, the question of minority and majority districts has been part of this argument about representation. This mainly revolves around the demography of different districts and states, where Representatives are voted in depending on the size of the district or state. The question as to whether Representatives have to share features of the majority of the constituency becomes central. As put by Smith and Hamilton, the majority-minority district is a discriminatory kind of representation, where not the wishes of many constituents are represented. This type of representation is descriptive but still soars higher and higher, suppressing the interests and wishes of the majority that require substantive representation in the House of Congress. Further, a glimpse at the Senate of the 1950s and 1960s shows that those who were elected into the Senate created a niche for themselves, making a wall between them and the public that elected them. This was always based on conservative ideologies and any individual who would be welcome into their niche must first pass the test of loyalty. This is not the kind of representation the American Society needs, but which, unfortunately, partly manifests itself in the Congress today. A descriptive representation does not have the interests of the public at heart but instead pursues its interests. On the other hand, a substantive representation is “actual” in its attempt to represent the feelings and int
Introduction Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is a matter of increased attention of researchers around the world, as it can be a powerful marketing tool. Before making a purchase or using a service, consumers tend to search for information shared by previous customers to make themselves comfortable (Erkan & Evans, 2016). Instead of using the official information provided by organizations, customers look for an unbiased source of information to form expectations about the product (Moran & Muzellec, 2017). Such a source of information is usually word of mouth (WOM), which is customer-to-customer conversations that “aid the diffusion of innovations and brand-related information among receptive audiences” (Moran & Muzellec, 2017, p. 149). eWOM uses the internet to pass information through forums, social media, blogs, and shopping websites (Erkan & Evans, 2016). In comparison with traditional WOM, eWOM can become viral, as it can reach many people simultaneously. Therefore, using eWOM in marketing is of extreme importance, as it has an increased potential of influencing the opinions of potential customers. Hospitality in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a fast-growing sector, as the country has become a popular destination for tourists from around the globe. According to Sahoo (2016), hospitality revenues in the UAE were growing at 10.8% annually, reaching almost $8 billion in 2016 (Sahoo, 2016). However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on the industry as the occupancy fell from 77% to 20% in 2020 (Mahtani, 2020). After the epidemic is over, the UAE hospitality companies will need to use all tools available to recover. eWOM is one of the most powerful marketing tools that can help the industry to grow. In order to influence eWOM, companies need to understand the factors that affect eWOM intentions. Multiple research touched upon these factors in hospitality (Pourfakhimi et al., 2019). However, all the knowledge was not specific to the UAE, and further investigation was needed. The present paper aims to determine which factors have an effect on eWOM intentions among tourists who used hospitality services in the UAE. In order to achieve this purpose, the present study identified the following objectives.  1. Review the current body of knowledge concerning factors affecting eWOM and identify a gap in knowledge;  2. Adopt a relevant theoretical framework to analyze how th
Poor Service Quality Definition and Relationship with Stakeholders Poor service quality refers to the existence of inefficiencies in the provision of the essential health care services required by the public. Health practitioners are supposed to abide by the rules of this profession and promote the ethics of the Hippocratic Oath. All stakeholders in the health care sector play crucial roles in promoting the efficiency of these facilities. Efficiency in the health care sector is defined in terms of the following aspects. Health care supervisors and practitioners should provide appropriate leadership and accountability to promote efficiency in these facilities. Nurses should ensure patients get safe and effective health care services to promote disease prevention and treatment initiatives (Mockford, 2012). These services should be accessible, flexible, and responsive to address the challenges facing various groups of patients. The stakeholders should promote, protect and improve the health and social well-being of patients by enhancing effective communication and sharing of relevant information. Health stakeholders that do not play their roles effectively promote poor service quality. Causes The case of the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust shows that some poor service quality occurs due to unavoidable reasons. For instance, the health facility provides acute health care services to about 500,000 people, yet it does not have adequate employees. The facility cannot use its annual budget of £230 million and the 4, 600 staff to provide high-quality health care services to the community. This means that not all emergency patients may get immediate and proper attention due to the limited workforce. The health facility cannot solve this problem without assistance from donors and the government. Some sectors like the critical care and neonatal units did not have adequate nurses. Therefore, the trust should train more nurses to fill the vacancies in these units. Poor communication amongst nurses and other health care practitioners resulted in delays and poor responses to urgent situations (Mannion, 2008). It is right to argue that the trust’s notices are misleading because they promise to manage patients’ situations within a short time yet the institution knows this is impossible, especially during disease outbreaks. The limited hospital beds (595) hamper the efficiency of nurses to provide quality services to inpatients. Lastly, the hospital has neglected its risk assessment responsibilities and that is why more patients continue to flock there despite knowing that the facility is congested. Impacts Poor service quality risks the health of patients and health practitioners. Human health is very delicate, especially when a person is sick