ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Global problems affect various aspects of society: interethnic and interstate relations, the world economy, and politics. These problems are very acute and complex in the modern world. The modern community meets the problems of war and peace, the environmental problem, the problem of terrorism. Each of these problems is relevant for the present time, and almost all of them are caused by poverty. This phenomenon is especially characteristic of third world countries, on the example of which the complexity of such phenomena as poverty and backwardness will consider. Poverty The results of previous scientific papers confirm the relevance of this problem: firstly, the study of this problem requires an integrated approach and comprehensive study. It is due to the interconnection of global problems with various aspects of human society, for example, urbanization and technological development. It means that each country is interested in considering these problems and participating in their solution. High levels of poverty, especially in developing countries, pose a severe threat to national and global sustainable development. Urbanization Poverty is characterized by different parameters and manifests itself in different forms, but most of all, it is a lack of interest in life. The social sphere manifests itself in a sharp differentiation of income by country and population groups, especially between the city and the countryside (Bahrini and Qaffas, 2019, p. 21). Today, three-quarters of the world’s poorest inhabitants live in rural areas, but urbanization fundamentally changes the scope and nature of poverty. In 1950, the number of urban residents accounted for a third of the world’s population in the 2000s – half, and by the middle of the XXI century, according to forecasts, it will reach two-thirds. In 2005, 30% of the world’s citizens – 1 billion (Saleem et al., 2021, p. 550). People lived in slums, the highest proportion of slum dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where in many cities exceeds 70% of residents (Saleem et al., 2021, p. 553). If the current rates of urban population growth and the nature of income distribution continue, then by the mid-20s, the number of slum dwellers will reach 2 billion. Poverty is diverse; it changes in time and space; human needs are assessed differently in different countries and historical periods. For the least developed countries, poverty is a shortage or lack of vital resources. Urbanization is closely related to the problem of poverty and the presence of social inequality (Chen et al., 2019, p. 7). Inequality implies that the resources available in short supply are distributed unevenly among people. Technological Development In the field of technological development is significantly lower average labor productivity. High technologies are designed to help people reduce i
Diverse workforces have become increasingly present due to globalization. It is crucial for workers to ensure productive communication with their team members and international clients. Moreover, managing diversity can be challenging, as it requires a specific and multifaceted approach. Firstly, executives should be committed to their mission of providing a welcoming working environment for everyone. It is crucial for them to realize that diverse employees can offer valuable input on the organizational process, which can lead to positive changes within the company (Ewoh, 2013). Managers should be willing to accept diversity and educate themselves on ethical issues regarding the multicultural working environment. One of the factors contributing to effective diversity management is creating an inclusive setting (Guillaume et al., 2014). Executives should establish educational training sessions and workshops to ensure that their employees can learn about cultural differences and the ways to approach them. Creating cooperation opportunities within different racial or ethnic groups is also essential for creating a positive working environment (Meeussen, Otten, & Phalet, 2014). It will also help team members to develop a multifaceted approach to their tasks, which can result in enhanced performance. It is crucial for managers to be open to the workers’ concerns and be determined to provide the employers with the tools they need to feel safe and appreciated in their workspace. Executives should treat all team members equally and show them an unbiased attitude, but also acknowledge their diverse identities. It is crucial to see a multicultural workforce as a benefit for an organization as it ensures different approaches to work and problem-solving. Moreover, a diverse working environment creates an opportunity for all employees to educate themselves, practice their communication skills, and be exposed to a broad range of perspectives.
Even in the 21st century, women in developed countries such as the United States continue to face workplace discrimination and challenges. Latino and African- American women, who form the largest part of the U.S’ workforce, encounter the highest rates of unemployment and poverty compared to Asian and White women employees. Other than earning less than the majority of other women, Latino women also earn less compared to their male counterparts. Although they play a major role in the American economy, they still face hurdles when it comes to full participation in the marketplace and the workplace. As such, there exists a disparity between Latino women in the workforce and other groups in the American labor sector. The paper explores Latino women in the workforce and the discrimination they face. Also, it discusses Latino women working for low wages and the opportunities they encounter as part of the U.S workforce. Latino women in the workforce are discriminated against and work for low wages compared to White and Asian working women. Latino women in the workforce Generally, women in the United States continue to face higher levels of unemployment and participation in the workplace. A report by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics released in March 2012 indicates that the unemployment rate for Hispanic/Latino women in 2010 was 10 percent (Restrepo 1). This is indicative of the challenges encountered by Latino women in the U.S labor market. According to the Labor Council for Latin American Advancement (LCLAA) 2012 report, it was established that between 2007 and 2010, the unemployment rates of Latinos doubled from 6.1 percent to 12.3 percent. The report by the Labour Council states that “in 2010, there were 8,106,000 million Latinas that represented 5.8% of the total U.S. labor force. As a share of women in the U.S. work-force, 12.8% are women of Latino ethnicity” (Sanchez et al. 18). The implication made is that 12.8% of the 8,106,000 million Latino’s workforce in the U.S is made up of Latino women. Compared to the other groups in the U.S population, Latino women have the lowest employment representation in the labor market. For example, white women “hold the highest employment to population ratio (55.6%), followed by blacks (55.1%) and Asians (55.0%), with Latinas falling behind at 52.7%” (Sanchez et al. 18). As such, Latino women fall behind all other women groups in terms of employment to population ratio. Other findings show that Latino women have over the years been ranked last compared to Asian, black, and black women in terms of force participation. For instance, the Labor Council for Latin American Advancement (LCLAA) 2012 report, established that Latino women had the highest labor force participation rate (56.5%), followed by Asian (57%), white (58.5%), and black women the highest with (59.9%) (Sanchez et al. 18). Latino Women and Discrimination Discrimination, as supported by its different manifestation in the U.S workplace, has been a major challenge faced in the labor industry. Women (inclusive of Latino women) are largely discriminated against in the workplace based on gender, ethnicit
Introduction IKEA is one of the worlds leading retailer of furniture and household fittings. In the course of its operation, the company has encountered a lot of obstacles. Therefore, to ensure that its operations are effective and efficient, the company has always been formulating strategic plans to ensure that its operations in the short run and in the long run are effective and sustainable. To achieve this status and to ensure that it is maintained, IKEA has developed a strong organization culture and control systems that support its short term and its long-term strategies. This paper shall therefore focus on the organization structure of IKEA and its control system and determine impacts that they have on the companys strategies. Organization and Control Structure of IKEA and their Impact on the Companys Strategies To ensure that the operations of the company are effective and efficient, IKEA has maintained a stable organization structure and culture. The managerial strategy of IKEA is formal, non-hierarchical and it is based on teamwork (Peters 9). The manner in which the organization operates portrays the ideology of its founder, Ingvar Kampard (Peters 11). The operations of IKEA are designed to ensure that its mission is achieved. This mission is to ensure that IKEA makes life better for masses. To achieve this, IKEA has always been producing high quality goods and services to its customers at the most affordable price. The non-hierarchical organization structure of the organization ensures that all the employees have a duty of care and respect for one another. As a result, employees at IKEA do not have titles. At the same time, they do not get special privileges with regards to the positions that they hold. There is also effective communication among the employees. This ensures that the correct information if passed from employee to employee and from department to department. This ensures that operations within the organization are conducted in an effective and efficient manner. IKEA also believes in recruiting young employees who are innovative and innovative (Egan 22). This ensures that the organization has the best personnel in its staff. This in turn ensures that the strategies and opinions that these employees come up with work to sustain the operations of the company in the short run and in the long run. This ensures that IKEA stands at a competitive edge over its rivals. The fact that the organization has adopted a decentralized organization structure ensures that information within the organization flows in all directions. This therefore gives employees at all levels a chance to contribute in innovation, strategy formulation and decision-making. Thus, a strategy like self-assembly that originated from Gillis Lundgren ended up being a culture in the operations of IKEA as it is practiced at all its outlets worldwide (Egan 30). In addition, the organization does not believe in hiring experienced individuals. Instead, it recruits young people without prior experience and integrates them to its culture.
This is an American play written by Sam Shepard. The play seems to be more of a traditional narrative inspired by American life and culture. The play is about contention between two brothers, Lee and Austin, who get reconnected after a period of separation. The younger brother, Austin, acts as a Hollywood screenplay-writer while Lee returns home as a thief. The return of Lee from the desert creates a hostile environment for the two, who have not seen each other for years. At this time, their mother has taken a vacation to Alaska. The play sets out at a time Austin and Lee were chatting in an attempt to release tension. While their mother is on vacation, Austin is actively trying to develop his screenplay. However, it becomes a little more difficult for him since his brother troubles him with unproductive questions. The conflict between them is evident when Lee threatens to steal from their locality after being ordered to leave the house by Austin. Nonetheless, Austin manages to compose Lee and the argument ceases. Austin He is the younger of the two brothers and was left behind after Lee went into the desert to find their father. Austin is determined as he actively tries to win Saul after Lee managed to inspire him with his story. His determination is further evidenced by his willingness to take Lee back to the desert in order to convince him to forget about his screenplay. Lee, however, describes Austin as one who does not find fun in games as he is not interested in the discussion between him and Saul. In addition, Austin is careful as he tries to prevent Lee from having close contact with Saul, with whom they are business associates. Austin is appreciative as he receives Saul’s promise to Lee’s story happily since this would assist his brother become a responsible person. However, he acts selflessly when he argues that he has a lot of personal work to accomplish on his screenplay thus he would not afford to help Lee write his story. This makes him aggressive to the extent of threatening to vanish to the desert. The play describes Austin as being married and thus demonstrates his determination and ambitions in self fulfillment and service for others. In addition, Austin is seen performing some studies, which he hopes to develop more in the future. However, he seems to undermine himself by viewing himself as a simple laborer, living an uncomplicated life and having an undemanding family. Austin’s character becomes unruly after his movie deal fails to succeed. This changes him from being industrious and eventually becomes a thief and a drunkard. This was displayed when he yelled at Lee while lying down on the ground; Lee was vigorously developing his script at that moment. Lee He is caring and sympathetic; this is evident when he returns home after five years of life in the desert, where he had gone in search of their father. He has a convincing power as he manages to lure Austin into his trick of getting the car keys. In addition, he is cunning and nosy as he manages to cut-short the conversation bet
There is a great number of different masterpieces of literature in the world. Each of them describes some peculiar phenomenon or event. The majority of books are devoted to human beings and their feelings and emotions. There are, however, some works which are devoted to animals and their touching allegiance to people. Being very popular, this issue has always interested people. However, there are not many works which manage to combine description of the life of human beings, animals behaviour and visions of nature, trying to show the authors way of to reflect the real world. One of these works is called The Jungle Book and is written by Rudyard Kipling. Devoted to the description of the life of a human being, the book, though, manages to combine this description with the visions of nature of the jungle and the laws according to which animals live there. The main character of the story is a boy called Mowgli. The main peculiarity of this boy is the fact that he was raised by wolves and acts according to their code. In certain period of time this fact was taken as ridiculous and impossible. However, boys like Mowgli were found. That is why, it is possible to say that Kipling created a very interesting story which could be based on some real facts. Mowgli is able to understand animals and communicate with them, following the rules accepted in the jungle. All these facts make him a unique character who is very interesting for people. Having created his story in the form of a tale, Kipling romanticized the life of animals and human beings in the jungle. However, there is one very important aspect of the jungle which the author describes. It is the law according to which animals live. Kipling uses the term the law of the jungle to describe existing set of codes according to which the community of wolves and other animals is structured. They all should follow it or they will not be able to survive. All rules which are described by this law are wise and created by generations of animals in order to guarantee their survival. The law of the jungle outlines the main activity of animals, their main food and relations with other species. However, the Bandar-log do not accept these rules. They can be taken as rebels, who do not want to follow the majority. However, Kipling describes them as primitive and disorganised tribe which is not able to guarantee its prosperity. Outlining this fact, the author wants to show great importance of the law and norms which regulate behaviour in society. Being created by Rudyard Kipling, the term the law of the jungle became very popular, though having changed its main meaning. Nowadays, it is widely used in order not to describe some set of codes accepted in society, but to show special kind of human attitude to the rest of people and his/her role in society. Everyone should take care only of himself/herself and be the strongest to survive in c
Introduction Due to the divergences between various ethnic groups, some groups of people tend to be more exposed to some diseases than others. One of the most vulnerable populations out of those living in the US is the Afro-American group. These people have a higher risk of acquiring asthma, heart failure, kidney disease, lung cancer, diabetes, stroke, or unintentional injuries (Johnson, 2015). Not only do these people have worse access to health care but they also frequently are unaware of the dangers that their health conditions may cause. To improve the state of health among African Americans, it is necessary to develop education plans that will include all the necessary information to enhance the at-risk population’s chances of maintaining their health at a high level. Identifying the Specific At-Risk Population Afro-Americans have a much higher disposition towards developing diabetes than White Americans due to several reasons. First of all, the representatives of this population group are more prone to obesity which is one of the major causes of diabetes. Secondly, African Americans usually have high blood pressure which is another common cause of diabetes. Thirdly, these people’s level of education and life prevents them from finding out the information about early symptoms of diabetes, as well as its dangers. Thus, this population group faces a 77% higher danger of the disease in comparison with White Americans (Chow, Foster, Gonzalez, & McIver, 2012). Such a combination of social and environmental factors puts African American population at high risk of diabetes. Evidence-Based Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes for the At-Risk Population Group Many efforts have been and still are dedicated to the elimination of negative diabetes outcomes for African American population. Several evidence-based strategies have been suggested by the specialists with the aim of increasing the quality of health outcomes for the identified at-risk group. The first strategy is arranging a patient-centered approach (American Diabetes Association, 2016). Evidence-based practice recommendations are aimed at instructing a general approach to care for diabetes patients. Healthcare workers have to combine their medical experience and science when giving recommendations to patients belonging to a risk group. Not only is the disease itself dangerous but its probable complications bring challenges as well. Thus, patient-centeredness allows clinicians to come up with individual plans of eliminating the risks for each patient. The second evidence-based strategy in diabetes across the life span (American Diabetes Association, 2016). This approach is concerned with the fact that diabetes is a disease that develops into old age, which means that patients’ conditions should be analyzed at different life periods to obtain the best health outcomes and ways of managing the disease. Due to demographic-associated issues, there is a need to enhance the regulation between clinical approaches while patien
Introduction The implementation of information technologies into modern life and the constant emergence of new media resources has become quite a common phenomenon. However, the impact of multimedia space on people’s lives may have become more dominant than in the past century. One of the examples, which is a confirmation of it, is an American holding Viacom MTV. This corporation quite successfully succeeds not only in spreading cultural imperialism but also in promoting the electronic colonialism theory. The Concepts of Cultural Imperialism and Electronic Colonialism Cultural imperialism has received such a sounding name, not without purpose. According to Mirrlees (2013), this phenomenon means the expansion of the interests of a particular country and the introduction of its cultural ideas, which today, as a rule, are expressed in the form of films and clips. An American holding Viacom MTV is one of the largest corporations, which deals not only with the production of television shows. It also works with several major film studios and participates directly in the development and release of new movies. The cinema in the US is probably one of the most popular and widespread in the whole world. It means that it is not hard for the creators and members of the corporation to convey to society a particular idea through its product. The holding creates new trends almost independently, so we can say that its promoting of cultural imperialism is quite active and not unfounded. The so-called colonial policy represents the domination of one country over others. If it is about the Viacom MTV holding, its influence on the world view looks rather obvious because the interests of the corporation stretch far beyond the borders of America. The opportunity to dictate trends and convey certain topics to people is achieved through an expanded electronic database. Almost every family today has access to the Internet and television, where the broadcasts of an American corporation are frequent. As Meehan (2016) notes, the target audience of the MTV channel is teenagers and young people aged from 12 to 34 years, which is the most active part of the population. The ability to influence people of this age group makes the holding possibilities practically limitless, which probably, allows saying about the successful realization of the electronic colonialism theory. Cultural imperialism is nothing more than one of the ways of influencing the consciousness of people through the introduction of certain cultural values. If we consider this way of affecting people’s minds, then Viacom MTV will be a rather suitable tool for it because “cultural imperialism is part and product of the US empire” (Mirrlees, 2013, p. 26). Therefore, the world-renowned corporation has the reputation of a large multimedia magnate, which, to some extent, is the biggest source of influence on the consciousness and cultural trends of people. Thus, Viacom MTV can be used as one of the means of introducing information, and the corporat
Introduction Protecting information against loss or theft is a mission critical issue in present society. In efforts to reduce this vital issue, organizations have to successfully employ effective media security mechanism. Thus, hardware security ensures the computer system and peripherals are protected from electronic interloping, damage or theft as asserted by Gollmann (2011, p. 224). By ensuring safety of IT hardware, an organization can save a lot of money and time relating to data and hardware loss. By exploring risks associated with storage media such as; theft, data remanence and data access, this paper discusses the hardware solutions and user policies that an organization can institute to reduce the chances of data exposure and enhance media hardware security. Data Remanence Data remanence is a security threat in stored data. Data remanence occurs when a file is not instantly deleted when a user initiates a “delete” action thus moving to a “holding” location to enable a user to reverse a mistake (Stewart et al, 2008, p. 508). This is sometimes caused by file managers, operating systems or other software’s. Efficient application of mitigation can be challenging in an organization. For instance, sometimes storage media can be inaccessi