ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The overall theme of poverty is highly articulate in Afghanistan, Egypt, Pakistan, and Haiti. Healthcare, transportation, and lack of nourishing food are common for these countries. Weakly developed infrastructure and inevitability of health problems for newborn children are vivid in each video, except Sri Lanka. In Afghanistan, women still have to work even in the late periods of pregnancy. In Upper Egypt, women do not undergo regular check-ups. Thus, they get to the hospital only with severe conditions when it is difficult to help the mother (UNDP Egypt, 2012). The problem of transportations is shown to be one of the biggest challenges in Haiti and Afghanistan for pregnant women to get to hospitals (Harvard University, 2009; UNICEF, 2012). They usually have to go on foot or on the back of a horse, which poses many dangers. Pakistan seems to have limited knowledge and awareness of citizens as the biggest issue of maternal health (Pathfinder International, 2011). In contrast, Sri Lanka was able to improve the outcomes of pregnancy by increasing the level of education, healthcare, and providing the necessary number hospital workers (United Nations Sri Lanka, 2009). There are many impediments to receiving a good healthcare for mothers in developing and underdeveloped countries. There is an abnormally high rate of maternal death since there is sometimes no access to basic clinical services. Additionally, there is a problem of spreading contraception methods over the undeveloped countries. There are many large families in rural areas, where women often do not survive from delivering a child (Pathfinder International, 2011). Due to the large numbers of children in a family, it is challenging to provide sufficient food, and children often suffer from malnutrition. Enhancements in admittance to maternal medical services, particularly in professional birth help, add to the decrease of maternal mortality. In low, lower-middle, and middle-income nations, to diminish the motherhood problems, it is important to develop admittance to maternal medical care administrations. This includes pre-birth tests, dietary direction, inoculations, conveyance help by gifted wellbeing workforce, conveyance at wellbeing offices, post-pregnancy medical services. Of these markers, the help by wellbeing staff is critical to speed up the decrease of maternal deaths. In developing and underdeveloped nations, the absence of high-quality wellbeing infrastructure and clinical consideration during and following labor leads to high mortality hazards for anticipating women. Conveyance help given by specialists, nurture, and prepared birthing assistants can save mothers and children. The high number of maternal deaths in certain parts of the world reflects disparities in admittance to wellbeing administrations and features the gap among the rich, middle class, and poor.
There is no doubt that poor mental health takes an immense toll on the lives of affected individuals. Many conditions are barely manageable if not to say debilitating, which prevents mental health patients from taking care of themselves and living their lives to the fullest. What is often left out from the discussion on mental health is how it manifests itself on a larger scale. This paper discusses the impact of mental health on society in terms of education, workforce, and safety. Mental illnesses have a profound economic impact on society. Suffering from a mental health condition often means reduced productivity and resourcefulness in individuals. It is not to say that mental health patients lack the skills or expertise to fulfill the assigned tasks. However, they struggle to find the energy and motivation to do so. Recent studies have shown that depression reduces activity in the frontal lobe – the part of the human brain that is responsible for higher-order mental faculties such as long-term planning and decision-making. It is readily imaginable how a depressed employee could fall short in these important aspects and underperform. Apart from that, mentally ill employees not only underperform, they may also be endangering the lives of other people. To put things into perspective, a WHO-led study evaluates the losses that the global economy experiences due to depression and anxiety disorders at US$1 trillion. An individual’s mental health affects his or her educational outcomes. Firstly, the same factors that prevent people from performing well at work – limited decision-making and the inability to plan long-term stifle academic performance. On top of that, it has been found that two other components that often accompany mental illness – anhedonia and social dysfunction’ is the most influential component – play a significant role in shaping educational outcomes. Not being able to take pleasure in learning and function in society often lead to drop-outs. Lastly, there is a link between psychiatric disorders and criminality and violent behavior, though its nature is still debated. Admittedly, that is not to say that all people with mental conditions are dangerous – that would be a harmful generalization. However, the inability to receive timely and adequate treatment, experiencing illusions and hallucinations as well as suffering from paranoia are all risk factors for delinquent behaviors. Mentally ill individuals are arrested and sent to prisons at a disproportionate rate, primarily because the justice system has not yet figured out the best way to handle them. Conversely, this category of people is also at risk of falling victim to violent crimes. To r
Introduction With a clear analysis of the court system and the civil rights act, it is evident that the Court has left many natives employees with no redress for any case of harassment that occurs in their employments. For instance, there are many prevailing cases of discrimination in the employment sector that the Court has not fully or rightly addressed. However, with the political and public response of the civil rights in 1991, the decision by the Court was reversed, and foreign employees in the United States have something to smile about. After the Civil War, Congress passed many laws that aimed to guarantee the newly-freed slaves the same rights as white Americans (Ressein, 2017). During this period, discrimination by the states was vividly presented by the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments. However, there was still a huge spread of discrimination cases against the African Americans by the White Americans. Among the key laws that Congress passed was the Civil Rights Act of 1981, which claimed that “provided that all citizens, regardless of race, shall have the same right… to make and enforce contracts… as is enjoyed by white citizens (Refsin, 2019).” Despite Congress passing laws that prohibited all acts of discrimination within the employment sector of the United States, the Supreme Court later in 1981 explicitly held the section that covered discrimination acts by private persons. According to the case filed by Runyon versus McCrary, the Supreme court claimed that section 1981 prohibited pure private discrimination. Presentation of the Problem Brenda Peterson case versus McLean Credit Union was spurred up amid a suit for typical fair rights for Peterson. However, the case became one of the critical cases that aimed at rallying for the civil rights of advocates. According to the case, Peterson, who served as an African American bank teller, filed a case to suit the McLean Credit Union for what she termed as discrimination against being promoted in her professional ladder despite the promotion of her white American colleagues. She also claimed that she was subjected to patterns of harassment by her supervisor for ten years that she was working in the bank (Refsin, 2019). However, the trial court ruled in favour of McLean Credit Union, claiming that the job contract did not cater to harassment and could not be enforced in the contract. Despite efforts by Peterson to appeal in the Court of appeals, the decision by the district court was upheld. She then sought to appeal in the Supreme court using a procedure termed a writ of certiorari, a case that saw both parties arguing on 29 th February 1988. The research questions that this case study aims at discussing entail: How do you think this case squares with the Court’s statement “Neither party would be likely to conciliate if there is the possibility of the employee recovering the greater damages permitted by section 1981?” and Why did the Congress want to overrule the Supreme Court’s decision by enacting the 1991 legislation? In
Introduction Efficiency in management and accounting process and procedure has become one of the most critical aspects in the management of companies in pharmaceutical industry in the United States in because it determines their ability to articulate their objectives in tandem with the national and global demands. Employing the correct accounting methodologies is a bridge and an indicator of an organization’s sustainability consideration as analysed in this paper from Johnson and Johnson Company. Cox (2010, p. 310) indicates that implementing the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) or the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFSR) forms the best mechanism for improving performance and therefore promotes the economic growth of a nation or business entity. It is from this consideration that this paper explores the cultural and political history of financial reporting in the USA and the outcomes of converging GAAP and IFSR applications in accounting. The paper particularly employs financial accounting theory to evaluate the applications of financial reporting standards on accounting and management. Purpose An understanding of the main purpose of the report is critical in the sense that it links the findings from Johnson and Johnson’s annual reports as well as sustainability reporting in the US financial reporting environment to the expected impacts it will inculcate to a business. Since the convergence of IFRS and US GAAP into a global set of accounting standards is increasingly being felt in the pharmaceutical industry in the US, the affects in the operations of Johnson and Johnson are particularly crucial. Hence, the report results will provide timely information that will assist stakeholders at Johnson and Johnson to adopt better financial accounting standards. Additionally, it is worth noting that the report is significant in generating necessary guidelines for managing accounting practices and financial reporting. The findings from the annual reports and sustainability reporting by Johnson and Johnson will be critical in making particularistic conclusions on its efficacy in terms of interaction between consumers and the company’s products as well as the changes in sales of products. From the findings, stakeholders and managers of the company will be in a position to clea
Introduction Play is a one of the most effective ways for children to acquire language and speech skills (Owens, 2012). Interaction through play helps children get the necessary knowledge from various elements of the environment. Play is part of the process of development which has four important levels. It is important to note that as levels of play development advance, the types of play also change. Studies have shown that development of language and speech skills in a child is more effective when those skills are acquired during the process of game (Owens, 2012). Importance of Play in Acquisition of Language Skills Play helps children acquire social skills, build thoughts, as well as develop ingenuity (Owens, 2012). With good social skills and creative mentality, children find it easy to understand various elements of language. In addition, children engage in play simply because they like it. Play also helps children in acquisition of new skills because they enjoy what they do (Owens, 2010). Play is ideal for acquisition of language and speech skills in children because of various reasons. First of all, play does not cause any anxiety or disappointment, as there are minimal goals to meet. This makes play fun for children, and they tend to develop a passion for it within a short time. Secondly, play allows children to interact through various segments and topics shared (Owens, 2010). One of the things to avoid in play for children is the use of one segment, topic or play type because maintaining concentration and excitement are essential. Thirdly, play is ideal because it has shared and varied structural elements that have similarities with different languages. These skills make it easy for children to learn those various languages (Owens, 2010). Finally, through play every child has the possibility to influence proceedings. The aspect of taking turns has similarities with conversations, which involve people talking and listening to each other. Levels of Play Development A child goes through four stages of development during the play, as they acquire skills. The first stage is solitary play (Gullberg, 2010). This stage involves a child who plays with blocks and other toys in a secure place
Analysis of Article Blue Apron: Struggling to Woo Investors In the article Blue Apron, Struggling to Woo Investors, Lowers a Price Range for IPO , Corrie Driebusch explains the attempts of Blue Apron Holdings Inc. (a food-delivery startup) to attract investors by means of offering lower prices for shares during the initial public offering. Namely, the share prices were reduced from 15-17 USD per peace to 10-11 USD. The interesting aspect of this tendency is that with such share prices, the overall value of the company may fall lower than that given at the company fundraiser that took place two years ago. As a result of this action, many of the prominent investors started to avoid dealing with the company due to its struggle to find subscribers. In fact, even though the overall revenue of Blue Apron has been seen to grow, its financial reports showed the increasing net losses as well; alongside these changes, the marketing expenditures of the company also grew by 10% over the last year. According to the expert opinions, the major issues faced by Blue Apron currently are the lack of customer loyalty and the complex process of food distribution. In that way, the company can be attractive to some investors due to its ability to show stable growth in revenue. However, the transformation into a company with strong profit margins does not seem likely for Blue Apron anytime soon. At the same time, statistically, the IPOs that occurred earlier in 2017 showed quite a high rate of success and significant growth in stock value during the offers. Such results leave the potentially high chances for succeeding in the initial public offering of Blue Apr
Introduction Paranormal is one of the controversial issues in modern science which has supporters and opponents, believers and non-believers. Contemporary science is rapidly expanding in many directions: On the macro level, astronomy reports exciting new discoveries. The quest for extraterrestrial life is one of the most dramatic adventures of our time. This is grist for science fiction and the poetic imagination, outstripping that which has been verified or is technologically feasible today. Critics (Hines 1988) admit that its is important to distinguish between pseudoscience and paranormal. Thesis Paranormal phenomena are real even if modern science cannot explain and study all paranormal events; thus it cannot reject existence of unusual phenomena and their imaginable nature. The Meaning And Etymology Of Paranormal The term paranormal has also been stretched far beyond parapsychology to other, so-called mysterious powers within the universe not contained within the parameters of our existing conceptual framework. It has been used to refer to such disparate phenomena as reincarnation, life after life, biorhythms, astrology, UFOs, Chariots of the Gods, the Bermuda Triangle, monsters of the deep—whether Nessie, Chessie, or Champie—Bigfoot, cattle mutilations, human spontaneous combustion, psychic archaeology, and faith healing; in short, almost anything that comes within the range of human imagination and is thought to be “incredible.” far back as we can trace there has been an interest in the occult and the magical (Hines 1988). Some people believe in paranormal supposing that it is nothing more that manifestations of “the other reality”. It is difficult to explain and define paranormal phenomena using modern science and theories, thus it does not mean that paranormal is a product of imagination. For instance, in the micro-level, physicists postulate new particles in an attempt to unravel the nature of physical reality. And in the life sciences, biologists are decoding the genetic basis of life and are on the threshold of creating new forms. At the same time, the information revolution unfolds stunning new applications (Jones, 2006). The world of the paranormal embraces enough plainly unscrupulous quackery and exploitation to keep us fully occupied. Whether we concentrate on finding alternative ways of accounting for the supposedly non -normal features of all these things or whether we focus rather on the sociological factors and political motives involved in such situations (Lawrence, 1995). On the other hand, scientists and non-believers state that men and women have always been fascinated by the depths of the unknown. They do not believe in paranormal because parapsychologists are unable to study directly their putative psi in this way. They have no way of treating it like an independent variable because they have no way of turning it on or off, or even of knowing whether it is in operation at any specific point in time during the study (Jones, 2006). The persistence and growth of ancient paranormal beliefs in our highly educated scientific-technological civilization is a puzz
Introduction The relationship between public administration and the citizens would have been fully established if only numbers were use as the single unit of measuring success. This is because several studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the two entities. However, close analyses of the progress suggest that there are quite few studies that have addressed how the citizens’ perception on public administration would impact on their political view. This paper is meant to assess as well as review different concepts and measures of public administration/ citizens linkages as far as political perception and orientation is concerned. The assessment and evaluation is to be carried out in two phases; theoretical and empirical approaches. Justification The specific research insufficiency notwithstanding, it must be noted that numerous kinds of specific theories and operational measures of the public administration- citizen linkage as defined by political environment may act as hindrance to exhaustive research progress (Caputo 63). One of the most obvious consequences of insufficient research progress is that any prescriptions on how to apply work that can contend with public political perception are continuously drawn from “anecdotal and impressionistic accounts” (Caputo 64). But this should not be the case as taking time to closely scrutinize the available concepts as well as measures will help us separate the points of consensus from those of unending disagreements. Furthermore, closely examining and clarifying the link between conceptual view and operational perspective can present a good opportunity to augment any zone of disagreement. Consequently, it’ll most likely lead to developing of a workable framework for public administration operations acceptable to a wider dimension of the political society. Dependent Variables The evaluation of citizens’ perceptions will rely on such variable questions as: does every citizen who form part of the political unit has a right to make any observation about public administration? And how are these observations received among the concerned, the public administration and the political class? Is it obvious that every perception the citizens express towards public administr
Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) is the name of the decease that is attributed to the latest, and one of the most serious problems, associated with disappearing and death of honey bee colonies all over the country. It is featured by, abrupt colony death, but the interesting moment is that death rate is high among young units, in comparison with adult bees. The most wide spread reasons that are suggested include increased death rate because of the infectious Varroa mite; the pesticide poisoning (because of the pesticide usage for crops for the mite control) is also among the possible reasons. Additionally to these suggestions, the most highly suspected reason of CCD is the immunodeficiency stress of the bees, which may be caused by several factors, such as migration, radio emission and antibiotics. The mechanisms are still not clear, in spite of numerous researches. These may be the mites, or some other parasites. Fungus is widely spread in the northern parts of the USA because of the increased humidity, and it may be the probable reason. (Maeterlinck, 2007). It is also suggested, that CCD is rather infectious, and the bees could catch the infection by contacting with other insects. Some apiculturists stipulate, that it depends on the species of the bees, as some of them are not subjected to CCD. Thus, the reason may be covered in genes. (Maeterlinck, 2007) Means to prevent the CCD symptom The Mid-Atlantic Apiculture Research and Extension Consortium suggested the following recommendations for beekeepers in order to prevent the CCD:  1. Do not join collapsing and healthy colonies.  2. When a collapsed colony is defined, it is necessary to start using the different tools and equipment for this colony, in order to undermine infection.  3. It is necessary to use Fumagillin, if the bees are fed with syrup  4. Terramycin, not Tylan should be used, if the colony is experiencing collapse, and some secondary infection was found. (Maeterlinck, 2007) In order to rebuild the colony experiencing the Colony Collapse Disorder symptoms it is necessary to provide the new queen for the colony, and thoroughly observe the colony, as any observations may help to cope with the pro