ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Do we use clinical research techniques like RCTs effectively for nursing educational research? I believe nursing educators employ various research instruments to address numerous research problems. It is noteworthy that randomized controlled trials are used in many settings and regarded as effective tools to obtain data (Lahti, Hätönen, & Välimäki, 2014). Other techniques are also employed in order to identify the existing gaps in the field, develop new teaching methods, learn more about students’ needs and ways to satisfy them, and so forth. What is your opinion about teachers conducting research on their students? I believe that the implementation of a study in the educational sphere is inevitably related to the involvement of human subjects. Students are common participants in nursing education research, while it is acknowledged that this group is one of the most vulnerable (Fain, 2017). Nevertheless, educators have to involve students in their research as
Introduction The Stranger is considered to be a novel written by Albert Camus in 1942. This work is regarded to be the embodiment of philosophical concepts developed in the previous century. Many scholars refer the novel to existentialism direction, though the author never considered himself the representative of this branch. It is necessary to underline the fact that The Stranger depicts the author’s world perception, who treated it as indifferent and absurd. Nevertheless, Albert Camus managed to show the narrator’s attempts to rebel against personal indifference to obtain the best human values and virtues. Brief Plot Overview The Stranger is dedicated to the story of Meursault, a Frenchman and a story protagonist, who is characterized as an innately passive and emotionally detached person. His killing of an Arab man is perceived as a burst of irrational action. The investigation carried out by the police, led to Meursault’s execution for his disability to express proper feelings for the character’s dead mother, but not for the murder he committed. It is necessary to underline the fact that the novel is logically divided into two parts, one of which tells the story before the murder, and the other reflects Meursault’s life after his crime. The Novel Analysis The Stranger appeared to be a successful philosophical masterpiece, bringing numerous criticism and responses on the part of scholars. The central concept of the novel is dedicated to the symbolization of ‘absurd’ as the key element accompanying a person’s life and impacting the formation of human behavior and actions in society. Camus demonstrates the idea that human existence is not evaluated through its rational meaning. Nevertheless, the difficulties connected with this author’s concept identification make people unintentionally create artificial rational structures, providing a sense for their lives. The Stranger allows the readers to evaluate the concept of ‘absurdity’ on the example of the narrator’s style of life and behavior. Irrationality is symbolized throughout the whole novel; it characterizes Meursault’s connection with the internal and external world. Unreasonable thoughts and decisions made by the protagonist, such as marriage and crime, can not be characterized as rational. ‘For the first time maybe, I really thought I was going to get married’ (Camus and Stuart, 50) It is necessary to underline the idea that the author strived to make the readers think of their mortality and life meaning. Analyzing the characters’ behavior one can stress the idea, that people live in constant search for the meaning of existence and actions, but very often we forget, that there is nothing to be searched for in reality. All the actions are treated as unreasonable making Meursault be a stranger among others. (Shoham, 54) The Stranger is a novel translated from French, having several translated copies with considerab
Society Disapproval of Homosexuality The article by Anna Quindlen has covered gay society and indicated the challenges that same-sex partners go through in their daily lives. It has explained different ways that people use to disapprove homosexual relationships. The article has indicated that it was much SOOTHING for parents to think that their son was using drugs like heroin rather than knowing that he was a homosexual. The son even opted to listen to his father’s advice concerning the harmful effects of using drugs and the damage they cause to health rather than counseling him regarding his sexual orientation. Parents were relieved by the fact that the local paper did not print the cause of his death. The article, hence, indicated that the society is not ready to approve same-sex relations. The victim, as per the article, tried to explain his illness to parents. However, he was not willing to discuss his sexual orientation. The son feared that discussing the topic would affect them negatively. The article emphasizes that homosexuals are OSTRACIZED by society, and they face societal prejudices. They are also likely to suffer from AIDS when compared to heterosexual partners. Parents Views Parents, based on the article, we’re not ready to accept the fact that their son was having sexual intercourse with other men. According to them, it would have been better if their son had an intimate relationship with a beautiful girl. The article explained that parents condemn their children for being homosexual. They disapprove of the behavior as being ungodly and against nature. The article indicates that parents censure same-sex relations since they feel that their children would behave in different ways. Their behavior would be against social norms. They also believe that their sons would face social disapproval and ostracism. The article stated that it might be easier for mothers to avoid turning against their sons. It explains that they have to accept the profound sexual differences that arise between them and their children. It has also disclosed the fact that men find it difficult to accept their gay children since they expect them to be heterosexual. They fail to understand how their children can have a different sexual orientation. Response to the Article As per the article, children fear to disclose their sexual orientations to parents. The column has revealed significant challenges that gay parents experience. Their parents, especially fathers, find it hard to accept that their sons could be gays. They expect their children to embrace cultural beliefs and norms in society. Homosexuality is described as an ungodly behavior, and society treats the parties involved as outcasts. The article has hence played a sign
Introduction Many studies indicate that employees, who deal with day-to-day information, are the cause for at least half of the security breaches experienced within a company. In several studies, users are portrayed as being the weakest link in security issues. They can decide to be the security problem or the solution (Spears & Barki, 2010). Herath and Wijayanayake (2009) assert that promoting good end-user behaviour, as well as restricting inappropriate end-user behaviour account for effective security of information. As such, they are essential in each and every company. In the year 2005, D’Arcy and Hovaw (2007) conducted a research to gain insights into employees’ awareness of four principal security countermeasures. These were security awareness programs, security policies, computer monitoring, and preventive security software, as well as their constraining effect on users’ intentions with regard to misuse of IS. Security policies aim at providing detailed guidance of acceptable use of organizational IS resources to users (DÁrcy & Hovaw, 2007). The study proposed that complementary technical and procedural control are essential in imparting knowledge on employees, regarding their responsibilities in an organization’s information resources. The control is also vital in deterring the intentions of employees in misusing computer systems. Thus, awareness, training, motivation, and monitoring are vital strategies that play a leading role in protecting organizations, and attracting the attention of employees from violation of security measures. Information specialists believe that promotion of good end behaviour and constraint of bad end user behaviour are important components of effectiveness in Information Security Management System (ISMS) ((Herath & Wijayanayake, 2009). In order to implement effective information security systems, there is a need to fully understand security-related risks and implement appropriate controls to these risks. Employees who apply controls in a remarkable manner enhance security of information within an organization. However, many employees do not understand the value of implementing the controls, and thus end up creating security risks. Others do it out of ignorance, and a large group of employees do it willingly. This research proposes to look into the role of employees in information security maintenance. Problem statement The purpose of this project is to investigate the role played by information users in information security management (D’Arcy & Hovav, 2007). It proceeds from the premise that employees account for most of the breaches of IS experienced in companies. This is most likely caused by the online value system, which lays emphasis on openness and information sharing. Furthermore, many users do not have up-to-date information on browsers, applications, as well as operating systems. Research questions  1. Why do employees cause most of the security breaches in organizations?  2. What is the main responsibility of end-users in information security?
Abstract This research is about the beer market in Vancouver and the strategies that can be used to strengthen the industry. Marketing of beer in Vancouver has been experiencing major challenges and new entrants are finding it difficult to survive in the market. Existing breweries are experiencing financial difficulties due to the competition from local brews and imports, which are reducing their profit margins. This research has shown how the competitive nature of the beer market in Vancouver has affected the entire economy. The paper also shows consumers behaviours concerning purchasing beer. The research has recommended a number of benefits of restring the number of players in the beer market as well as the impacts of high supply of the same. The decision making process has also been discussed in the paper to show what informs consumers decision while purchasing beer. The research methods and the limitations of this research have also been given at the end on the paper giving a clear picture of what the research entailed. The Marketing Communication Factors of the Decision Made By the Consumers to Purchase Beer in Bangkok It is believed that beer was the earliest alcoholic drink to be developed by humans. Historians assert that humans’ liking for the drink played a major role in encouraging them to adopt agrarian farming from hunting and gathering society. The history of beer drinking in Vancouver goes back to the 19th century. Since the inception of the first bars, beer market in the region has undergone many changes. To understand the beer market in Vancouver, several areas of consumer behaviour and communication theory have to be evaluated (Babbie, 2013). The buying decision begins when a consumer recognizes that there is a need he or she is supposed to fulfill (Masterman, 2006). Thereafter, the customer kicks off information seek out. After enough information is gathered, the consumer evaluates the available alternatives (Pickton, 2001). This research tries to identify the communication factors of the decisions made by the consumers to purchase beer in downtown Vancouver. To achieve its goals, the research will interview several beer drinkers, marketers, and brewers in the area. Similarly, bar owners and hotel owners will be interviewed. The above results will be evaluated to identify the communication factors affecting drinkers’ choices. Through this study, I will comprehensively cover on the areas unaddressed by the previous researches. Equally, the paper will investigate whether the absence of substantial statistics is to be blamed for the slow implementation of marketing strategies aimed at introducing new beer brands in the region. Problem Statement During my research, issues related to privacy and confidentiality will arise. In my research process, beer drinkers may shy away from being interviewed. On the other hand, some beer drinkers will provide the researcher with misleading information. The research aims to address the above challenges with the help of professional researchers. Purpose Statement Through this study, the research will improve and broaden the existing theoretic
Human instincts are the innate characteristics that determine specific behaviors while instincts are innate abilities of human beings or animals, which enable them to adapt to diverse and changing environmental conditions for survival purposes. Human beings or animals respond to unique environments depending on the instincts that direct them. For example, when a baby is born, the instinctive responses are crying and sucking, which enable the baby to attract attention of the mother and satisfy hunger respectively. In animals, young ones of birds display instinctive behavior of flying without prior experience. These instinctive behaviors emanate from innate characteristics. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristic behaviors, not all of them are random and arbitrary. Although environment modifies some instinctive behaviors, others emanate exclusively from the innate characteristics. According to nativists, “all aspects of human behavior are instinctive and humans have inbuilt instinctive behaviors that are genetically determined … we are born with certain core capabilities and knowledge that provide the basic the basic structure of learning” (Spink 2). Genes are responsible for the specific instincts that are unique to human beings or animals. Within species, instincts are similar due to the similarity of genetic information. On the other hand, species’ variability of instincts occurs due to the diversity of genetic information. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristics, they can never be random and arbitrary because the genetic information dictates them. The genetic makeup defines specific instincts relative to their application in nature. Human beings portray instinctive behaviors that are not arbitrary. For instance, all babies have instinctive behavior of suckling in order to satisfy their hunger. Spink argues that, “babies engage in sucking behavior that generally emerges unprompted, although some babies have problems with sucking, it is an innate or instinctive behavior” (1). This shows that sucking is a natural instinct, not arbitrary, because all babies have the innate ability of doing it. If the ability of the babies to breastfeed were a random instinct, then, some babies would be unable to breastfeed while others would learn in order to breastfeed properly. Therefore, the ability of babies to breastfeed instinctively and in a uniform manner means that instincts are specific rather than random in controlling human behaviors. Language development in human beings is instinctive because children can develop it without learning. An information behavior is an instinctive process of language development. According to Spink, “…it is a cognitive process that is not taught, but is innate to humans as people are able to consciously understand that they need to undertake behavior processes of information finding, organizing, and using to make sense of their environment (2). Therefore, language development can
Psychoactive substances are known to affect behavior. Different substances have a range of various possible effects on different people. The same substance can affect different people differently (Abadinsky, 2014, p. 28). Moreover, in two separate cases, the same person may be affected differently by the same drug. However, a lot of efforts have been made to define general effects of drug use on behavior, particularly criminal and violent behavior. Studies show that drug use, in fact, is connected to crime and violence, but exploring this connection is complicated. The correlation between drug use and crime has been the subject of numerous researches within recent decades. Various studies of drug use among criminals as well as of crime among drug users were aimed at defining causal links between the two things. As a result, most researchers agree nowadays that there is no clear cause-and-effect correlation and that the “question of whether crime is a pre-drug-use or post-drug-use phenomenon is actually an oversimplification” (Abadinsky, 2014, p. 11). However, drug use or addiction can shape inclinations to crime. Goldstein (1985) points out three types of drug-use effects on criminal behavior: pharmacological (crimes under the influence of intoxication), economic-compulsive (crimes for obtaining money for drugs), and lifestyle (criminal behavior induced by the environment of drug users). A particular issue in this area is whether or not drug use promotes violence. Based on a literature review and own experience of being a parole officer, Abadinsky (2014) asserts that drug users and addicts are more disposed to commit violent acts. It is also noted that the drug distribution subculture is “permeated with extreme levels of violence” (Abadinsky, 2014, p. 12). Although different psychoactive substances have different effects on people in terms of inducing aggression, many street drugs, including cocaine, heroin, and PCP, have been confirmed to cause violence. Also, according to Abadinsky (2014), alcohol is a factor in approximately 40 percent of violent crimes in the United States. However, even if drug use is chemically proven and sociologically observed to stimulate aggression, there is still the challenge of attributing particular violent acts to intoxication. Studies show that, in many cases, criminals consumed alcohol or cocaine to gain courage and disinhibition to commit crimes that they had planned before (Abadinsky, 2014), which might or might not mean that they would have committed those crimes even without the influence of intoxication. The impossibility to state conclusively that drug use leads to violence suggests the necessity of a different approach. Abadinsky (2014) proposes that, instead of attempting to define the impact of drug use on crime or crime on drug use, researchers should focus on the impact of environmental and biological variables on drug use and crime. An important aspect of the relationship between dr
The decline of the 14-15th centuries, also known as the crisis of the late Middle Ages, is a term used in Western historiography to refer to the recession processes that took place in some countries of Western Europe. Western historians, considering the socio-economic processes in some European countries in the 14-15th centuries, paid particular attention to the “crisis phenomena” in the European economy of these periods (Cole and Symes). They put in the first place the movement of prices, population, “desolation” of lands, and others as determining factors of recession (Cole and Symes). Although the Middle Ages were once seen as a time of ignorance and social oppression, it is now understood as a dynamic period during which the idea of Europe as a separate cultural unit appeared. Since the 20s of the 14th century, the economic downturn in the history of Europe has begun. The population was declining, while cultivated lands were mainly abandoned. Cities were falling into decline, agricultural and industrial products were reducing, technological progress was suspended, the development of trade, primarily foreign exchange, was slowing down, prices were falling. Additionally, the period is characterized mainly by overcoming feudal fragmentation and the formation of centralized states in France and England. Using the financial resources of the cities, the kings could constantly maintain a mercenary army to fight rebellious feudal lords. The appearance of firearms at the beginning of the XIV century reduced the importance of chivalry. Castles could not withstand artillery, and the appearance of hand-held firearms made heavy knight armor meaningless. After the period of rapid population growth, Europe faced the depression phase. It has been traditionally believed that the late Middle Ages is vividly characterized by demographic decline. There were three significant factors for the recession: plague epidemic, famine, and numerous wars. In addition, the weather conditions were also to blame since winters became harsh at the end of the 13th century. The soil was inappropriate for planting crops which took a toll on the nutrition of European residents. At the time of the Great Famine, thousands of people died daily from lack of food, parents sold and ate their children, cannibalism was widespread. Hence, the population struggled to survive and did not focus on materialistic goals. The other reason for the decline was the plague which quickly spread around Europe and killed millions of people. It is believed that the epidemic has penetrated almost every corner of the contin