ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary In the article “a new wave of immigrants”, readers are presented with the various factors that influenced immigration of various nationalities to the U.S. and their subsequent treatment at the hands of the local populace. The historic accounts, portrayals and arguments presented within the paper show an entirely new face to what is generally known about the waves of immigrants that led to the creation of the U.S. as it is known in the present. Rampant discrimination, corruption, abuse of power and lack of government backed protections resulted in immigrants experiencing horrendous conditions at the hands of unscrupulous business owners and local residents. The article paints a grim picture of what can only be described as attitudes tantamount to xenophobia wherein members of the same nationalities as immigrants often thought ill of their arriving brethren (as seen in the case of the established Jewish population within the country at the time) and, as a result, initially failed to properly transition their fellow nationals into the local culture resulting in even greater conflict between immigrants and other established nationalities. It is based on this that it cannot be stated that America can be treated as a land of freedom of opportunity, rather, for the arriving immigrants who were trying to escape torturous conditions in their home countries it was the same as going from one version of hell to another. Response When examining the article one cannot help but notice the sheer amount of discrimination against immigrants to the point that they were often thought as less than human. Surprisingly discrimination did not just come from other established nationalities but from even the same nationalities as those being discriminated against. The main reason behind this level of discrimination, even from members of the same nationality, originates from what can be called the level of an individual’s nationalization as well as the declining amount of job opportunities within the major
Iteration Structure The offered programming solution for the library reference system is required for proper data analysis and search. End-users input the initial search data, while the search engine offers the most suitable variants, that coincide with the initial request. The iterating part of the program code involves the data analysis part, as data matching part of the code will be repeated for several hundred times until the entire data base is scanned. Programming Solution The offered solution for data analysis and search may be regarded as the basic technology for the referencing system. However, this does not involve the opportunity of search result restriction, or advanced search. Setting of the search parameters part will stay the same, while the search part requires cycling. Therefore, the entire data base should be divided into interconnected blocks in alphabetic and research sphere order. When the search parameters are set, the program starts searching.   * object item;   * item = author;   * item = publishing;   * item = title;   * item = year;   * Item = key word   * if key word = sphere block;   * then start from this block;   * else read the first letter of the author or title;   * start searching from the corresponding block; for (search cycle) { search item.position; add to output results; } Block +1 (start scanning the next block) Repeat search cycle Therefore, the “Sphere” data blocks will be assigned with numbers, and alphabetic blocks – with letters (alphabetic blocks will be divided into two categories – Author and Title. So any book will be belonging to at least two blocks, and more, if there are two or more authors. The system reminds a data base table, so any duplicates will exist). The search parameters will define the blocking structure, and the search cycle will scan all the blocks continuously, starting from the adjusted. The search request is:   * Stephen Covey. Seve
Introduction Information plays a key role in several processes in literally all parts of the globe. It is a part of existence that cannot be ignored, especially where growth and development are anticipated. Different states invest a lot of resources to ensure that information is available in a reliable form, to the right audience, at a convenient time, and as easily as possible. Information should be utilized by every organization in full capacity to realize its benefits (Solis & LePoire, 2020). Several platforms can be utilized for publishing information so that it is easily accessible to people who may need it. The history of information availability and distribution, its current condition, and the future implication follow a pattern and are interrelated. Historical Development Information availability and distribution have been resourceful to the world in several ways since its discovery. Improvement in human civilization and the ability to express oneself through writing was first experienced about five thousand years ago (Solis & LePoire, 2020). This development paved the way for better means of communication and ease of understanding among people. Acquisition of information further led to a need for an artificial means of scripting so that the information acquired could be passed down to generations. The invention of printing met the needs of thousands of people who wanted to express their opinions artificially. This invention led to the publishing of almost a million books in Europe. The point of access to these materials was a library, which provided storage of the result of human civilization. The printing presses and libraries provided a firm foundation for the current information availability and accessibility condition. The Current Condition It is currently easier and cheaper to find information on different online platforms than it was in the past. Technological innovations continue to improve both the quality of information and its accessibility (Solis & LePoire, 2020). The internet is very helpful in accessing information on digital media. The information accessed can be books, songs, movies, blogs, articles, journals, and any information that is available in its physical form. This means that libraries and printing presses decline in usage and marketability. Once a physical device is made available and a connection to the internet is established, one can access any kind of information from any location. The future of digital media as a source of information presents a lot of opportunities and challenges in the same measure. The Future Implication The availability of information and its online distribution presents a good deal of challenges for future consumers. Although the advancement continues to improve the quality of decision-making and answers different questions, it is also detrimental to human behavior and thinking patterns (Solis & LePoire, 2020). The knowledge of the availability of information online hinders the rese
Facts Apple is one of the biggest companies in the world (Grady, 2009). Its electronic products are considered among the best in the telecommunication and entertainment industries. The company has succeeded in offering high-quality electronic products at lower prices. It’s iPod and iPhone are some of the most competitive electronic products. On the other hand, Samsung is an emerging company in the industry. The company’s major rival is Apple. Although Apple is the most preferred phone maker in the developed world, Samsung is the most popular phone maker in the developing world. The company has production units in South Korea, Vietnam, and China (Grady, 2009). Over the last few years, the two companies have sued each other over patent issues. In the latest case, Apple has filed a court case over Samsung. The case was brought to the United States Supreme Court on 02 April 2014 (Rosenblatt, 2013). Its trial will represent the most recent return in a long-running succession of claims between the two leading mobile companies. Similar to the preceding court case adjudicated in the year 2012, Judge Lucy Koh would adjudicate the case. The case would be determined in the California District Court. In this case, Samsung will be required to plea against a judgment that was adjudicated in favor of Apple. Legal issues In the new case, Apple inclusive will try to convince the court that Samsung ought to pay them $2bn for the damages accrued from infringing on its patent rights. Apple alleges that the rival company has infringed on its five patents. They claim that the act was committed between the years 2010 and 2012 (Rosenblatt, 2013). The devices involved in the disputes include Smartphones and tablets’ patents. Apple alleges that Samsung’s newest devices integrate design facets analogous to those found in their gadgets. The disputed gadgets are Galaxy S3 and Galaxy Tab 2. To counterattack the allegations, Samsung claims that Apple has also infringed on its number of patents in its iPhone and iPad newest release. The patents are related to data transmission, image processing, audio features, and video. During the hearing, Samsung argued that Apple’s claims were unrealistic. The company claimed that Apple’s claims were targeting Google’s latest software called Android. Through this, they claim that the accusations were not targeted at their software. Samsung’s lawyer alleged that Apple was trying to use tactical moves in trying to limit consumer choice (Rosenblatt, 2013). The lawyer said that Apple’s initiatives were motivated by their loss of clients to Samsung in the marketplace. Type of law involved Based on the above analysis, it is apparent that the United States patent law was involved. According to this law, a patent is a privilege to keep out rivals from coming up with, using, advertising, trading, or selling abroad apparatus to be brought together into an infringing gadget or machinery outside the United States of America (Hitt & Hoskisson, 2008). The US constitution grants exclusive rights to inventors. In this regard, patents putting into practice the stipulation should grant provisional rights fro
Analyzing the up-growing tendency of the occupation patterns in my family tree, it is essential to mention the influence of the crucial historical periods on the choice of occupation. At the beginning of the twentieth century, when the capitalistic market structure only started its development, my great-grandparents were primarily devoted to administrative and merchant activities. Farming and accounting are also falling for these categories. Grandparents’ variability in the occupations shows the development of different spheres: medicine and technology. One grandfather was a civil engineer, while the other grandmother worked as a nursing assistant. The capitalistic market structure still affected the choices of my grandparents. One grandmother was executive secretary, while the grandfather was a businessman. Considering my parents’ careers, they are more modern and comply with the need of today’s society. Computer engineering and restaurant management are highly developing specialties today that started to appear at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Today, I work as a telecommunications technician to ensure the quality of the technical aspect of communications. This profession complies with the developing need of modern society in the technical factors of online communications. The ascending vertical mobility can be seen in both grandmothers’ occupational choices because they changed their social status compared with their parents. The horizontal social mobility is depicted in the choices of my father and his father. There are also particular occupational patterns within the family tree. For example, the father’s line is more concerned with the technological sphere, while the mother’s ancestors worked primarily communicating with people. Within the generations, the occupations comply with the social developmental needs. Based on my family’s generation tree, it can be emphasized that the occupational variety can be described through an intergenerational transmission pattern. There is a tendency for the children to take similar occupations as their parents based on sex. For example, all the women in my mother’s line mostly work with people. At the same time, her male line includes businessmen. The same pattern can be seen with me, my father, and my grandfather. The mentioned family member changed the occupation but stayed in the same field. The variety in the professions can also be explained through personal relationships between parents and their children. The main social force which affected my ancestors’ choices is education. More opportunities allowed them to learn more about society and made them relevant for their interests’ choices. As mentioned earlier, the generation tree reflects the changes in the family and community (Ferris & Stein, 2020). Thus, I believe that social media and the econo
Introduction In the pursuit of export oriented industrialization, different countries’ governments aim to speed up the industrialization process thorough exportation of goods produced by sectors where the country has a comparative advantage. Export subsidies or trade promotion is one of the ways thorough which governments implement various tax and other measures primarily aimed at promoting exports by the favored industries. More often than not, export oriented industries receive fair treatment under the tax system through government payouts that reduce the cost of production and effectively the price of the goods produced. Methods of subsidization that governments extend to exporters include cash subsidies, import replenishments and supply of indigenous materials at international prices (Bianchi and Labory 135). Others include reduced tariff barriers and a floating exchange rate that facilitate devaluation of the national currency to facilitate exports. Many of the measures above have been in use in a number of Asian countries including Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, China and Singapore. Benefits Given the fact that oftenly governments divert the economy’s resources to implement export oriented industries, limitations on the success of the approach are likely. However, there is consensus that the successes of the approach have a positive ripple effect on the economy in the long-run. In the long-run, export subsidies will enable growth of the export industries which will in turn boost job creation and ultimately growth of the gross domestic product (GDP) (Trofimenko et al. 82). This essay will focus on the three positives mentioned above to highlight importance of export subsidies. The measures taken by governments to spur growth of export industries help in reducing the cost of production of goods. For instance, the US consistently maintains that the Chinese government deliberately undervalues its currency to increase competitiveness of Chinese exports. While the above assertion may hold some truth, China has also extended numerous other subsidies to its export industries effectively creating an export oriented economy. Competitively priced Chinese products have garnered huge markets worldwide enabling growth of the export industries in the country. The Chinese situation is the likely scenario in countries pursuing export subsidies. Job growth is the one of the most likely positive effect that a country will realize from expanding export industries thanks to subsidies. Increased demand for the lowly priced products will push the industries to hire more people thus creating jobs, a critical component in economic growth. It is important to note that the subsidy measures will target large-scale hiring in the long-term. Increased hiring will significantly reduce unemployment, also, a key ingredient in economic growth. China for instance records high employment rates every month thanks to the performance of its export oriented economy. In a nut shell, it is fair to conclude that extension of subsidies to the export industry spurs job growth. The above two factors combined play a big role in economic growth. The increased demand for the country’
After utilizing the benefits of the mental state examination for a long time, it is now possible to offer some valuable critique of the process. To begin with, psychiatric diagnoses that are carried out by physicians have only been made possible through the mental state examination (Aquilina & Warner, 2004). There are myriads of psychiatric orders that have been differentiated, identified and also evaluated using this type of examination. Trzepacz and Baker (1993) are quite categorical that when a physician makes an encounter with a patient, vital personal data is gathered based on the mental health. However, cultural bias may hinder the acquisition of vita personal data in some cases. It is only through the mental state examination that a physician can make recommendations to the patient on whether to undergo additional or be referred to a more advanced healthcare facility (Recupero, 2010). Language can be a major barrier during the process of data collection. If some vital data is not recorded, the entire process can be flawed. In addition, a mental state examination process offers the best approach for assessing various aspects of mental health such as perceptual disturbances, thought content, thought process, motor activity and the general behavior of a patient (Polanski & Hinkle, 2000). On the other hand, the mental state examination may present several limitations in spite of the positive attributes outlined above. For instance, a false negative diagnosis may be realized due to poor sensitivity of the system (Silver & Teasdale, 2005). Organic brain disease cannot be easily detected under the regular neurologic examination. According to Silver and Teasdale (2005), mental state examination screening may only identify the cognitive effects especially among patients suffering from cortical atrophy and brain tumors. The ceiling effect may remarkably affect the overall health outcome of a patient (Polanski & Hinkle, 2000). There are various overlapping systems that make up the memory component. It is pertinent to mention that language deterioration may take place in some components of the brain. Polanski and Hinkle (2000) observe that the memory function measures that are carried out during mental state examination can hardly identify latent complications (Silver &Teasdale, 2005). As a result, memory measures are not sufficiently evaluated in mental state examination (Polanski & Hinkle, 2000). The visuals and recognition paradigms are also absent in most mental state measurements. Moreover, Serial calculation is the only method used to assess attention (Hamilton, 1985). The most vital brain functions of a patient cannot b
There is a general belief by most Americans that by increasing the severity of punishments to crime offenders, there is a likelihood of crime rates going down. The same idea is shared by the judicial system which has opted to impose severe punishments to criminals. Nevertheless, there are conflicting views and opinions over the degree of punishment which should be leveled against law breakers. A critical point of discussion which has been explored by sociologists lies on the two major types of crime namely those committed on the streets and those perpetrated by elites in offices and government departments. A sociologist by the name Edwin Sutherland observed that crimes committed by elites are even more serious in terms of cost that the popularly known street crimes. His publication of the book White Collar Crime gave a lot of insight on this type of crime. He further emphasized that even if street offenders were severely punished, it would not positively reflect on the desired gains bearing in mind that the causes of crimes remain deeply rooted in the society and equally unresolved. On a similar note but with a different perspective, Hagan in his publication “White-Collar Crime in a Global Economy” emphasizes that the major beneficiaries of social crimes are those who perpetrate it at the corporate level under closed doors and therefore instilling severe punishment on such offenders may just be history repeating itself. Other restrictive methods need to be used to avoid possible criminals from carrying out acts of crime. On the other hand, sociologists have differed substantially on criminological framework. There area myriad of conflicting theories which have attempted to explain why people engage in crime and whether severe penalties may serve as the solution to the challenge posed by crime. There are more laws which are pin-pointing street crimes than those offences committed by elites. This is in itself a big loophole in the attempt to impose strict punishment on offenders. The criminal justice system has equally sidelined its judgment by giving harsh sentences to street criminals than elite offenders. This historical position assumed by the justice system has not yield ed any positive fruits in the fight against crime in general. Additionally, it is only first time offenders who may be moved by severe sentences but those who have been in the crime scene for long just harden up. The argument advanced by conflict theorists states that the many laws imposed on street offenders are mainly to be the gain of the elites. There are well organized groups who have k
Executive Summary of the Consultant: Recommendations to the Mayor’s Office My mission Conventions are influential businesses that significantly contribute to city development and tourism. I promote rejuvenating the ailing downtowns and consider working from real market information, making the process transparent and valid, involving the public, changing federal oversight and regulation, and making other policy choices. The Company and Management Our consulting company aims at meeting the target goal of convention integration. This implies a “richer attendee experience with more opportunities for organic networking,” as well as the exchange of knowledge between local and visiting industry leaders (Deventer & Harper, 2017, p. 34). My Recommendations A good strategy must meet the key satisfactory factors identified by tourists. These include physical attributes, accessibility, staff and service, a function of facilities, entertainment options, safety and security, external environment, convenience, variability, and cost (Boo & Kim, 2019). However, such an economic development strategy tends to fail and has little potential of succeeding in most. Financial Considerations I need to draw your attention to the risk of weak performance outcomes, such as “underutilized center, falling attendance, an absence of promised private investment nearby” (Sanders, 2005, p. 21). For instance, Portland’s trade hall lost $17 million because of the small size of the center. The regional government offered $82 million for the expansion that was completed in 2003 with eco-friendly touches. Start-Up Financing Requirements The investment in a new convention center involves more than just a facility itself. It is accompanied by a subsidized or publicly-owned hotel, a new sports venue, an entertainment facility, a new cultural center, or a destination museum. As such, hundreds of millions of dollars from government funding are used for building the center considering further operating deficits. The Construction of the New Convention Center: Final Decision Many cities in the United States keep investing lots of public money in the quest for convention center success. They are readjusting their downtown cores as innovation districts to improve the connection of their “high-tech and creative indust