ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The novel “Ready Player One” by Ernest Cline opens with a lengthy explanation of the story of James Halliday and the elaborate puzzle that he has set up. However, the actual opening scene is in chapter 1, which introduces the main character, his situation, and his relationship to the plot. The protagonist, Wade, lives in a trailer park that is tightly packed with people and sees gun violence regularly (Cline 13). The situation is indicative of the overall condition of a significant part of humanity, and the boy’s foremost desire is to escape the situation. The massively popular virtual reality game, OASIS, is the primary means for him to do so, but his extended family tries to drag him back to reality. The introduction’s climax is the scene where the abusive aunt finds Wade with a laptop and decides to take it away to pay rent. The event shows that the protagonist does not have any people who he can rely on in the real world. The boy proceeds to go to his secret hideout and do what makes him feel safe. His favorite activity is playing OASIS, which he uses for a variety of purposes, including education and socialization. As can be seen throughout the chapter, many other people use the game as a form of escape as well. The display sets up one of the primary conflicts of the story, which is that of people choosing to ignore reality in favor of virtual pleasures. Innovative Online Industries, the main antagonistic force of the novel, is an archetypal corporation, exploitative and dehumanized despite consisting entirely of people. In Chapter 14 of the book, its representative, Nolan Sorrento, contacts the protagonist, Wade, and offers him a job with the so-called Sixers. It is quickly revealed that the corpo
Introduction Considering Nollywood’s anonymity in the global movie market, it is ironical that Nollywood, the Nigerian movie industry, is considered the third largest film industry in the world. Such irony is further compounded by the fact that despite being the world’s third largest, Nollywood leads Bollywood and Hollywood in terms of the number of movies produced every year. Most importantly, Nollywood came into existence in the 1990’s, long after Hollywood’s and Bollywood had been established. Nollywood is a unique case study for a number of reasons. The film industry is located in Nigeria the most populous country in Africa. Nollywood’s tremendous growth can be attributed to a ready market within Nigeria and the sub-Saharan Africa. However, Chawdhury et al. (2008) asserts that struggling economies characterized by poverty and low level of income as having a significant impact on the growth of Nollywood. This is manifested in two ways. One, most of the African countries struggle economically, which affects national development including developing basic infrastructure. Secondly, the economic hardships experienced in these countries mean that the level of income of the average citizen is very low. Actually, people survive in less than a dollar a day. This implies that people’s purchasing power is greatly diminished (Uwah 2008). The combination of low purchasing power and poor infrastructural development, ironically, has contributed to the growth of Nollywood. Chawdhury et al. (2008) assert that the affordability of Nollywood movies within its current market is of paramount importance. As such, Nollywood seeks to employ simple marketing techniques that do not add unnecessary cost. As such, marketing of moves largely relies on informal marketing and distribution networks. Ironically, Informal marketing and distribution techniques are credited with much of the success in marketing and distribution not only within Nigeria but also in sub Saharan Africa. Due to this, no attempts have been made to venture into the global market. But as Okome (2007) acknowledges, there are more than 160 million English speaking Africans living outside Africa. These constitute a sizeable market for Nollywood movies. In light of this, the following hypothesis seems relevant:   * Nollywood ought to develop a new marketing strategy to exploit existing opportunities in the global movie market, especially targeting160 million English speaking Africans living outside Africa. To effectively address the basic hypothetical assumptions, the following thesis question seems relevant:   * What new marketing techniques can Nollywood employ to tap into the new market? To answer this question, however, there are a number of issues which needs to
Introduction This report reflects some of the important findings in terms of strategy, organizational behaviour as well as recommendations that should be put in place for further growth. Walt Disney has been in the forefront of the entertainment industry especially in its four consumer markets namely: Studio and Motion pictures, media networks, consumer products and theme parks and resorts. This report further identifies some of the strengths and weaknesses that befall Walt Disney even with such glory. There are also some threats and opportunities that face this giant company. This report also analyzes the strategic goal of Walt Disney, especially in terms of product positioning, segmentation, pricing, channelling and also promotion. The recommendations that are outlined in the end will enable this company to prepare itself in dealing with the present threats as well as those that might come up in the future. Company History Walt Disney was established by Walter Elias in the early 1920’s and began as a cartoon studio until its growth to a global corporation. This company provides high class entertainment for people around the world. Walt Disney owns massive networks of media together with parks all over the world and operates mainly in North America, Asia, Europe as well as Latin America. This company has a strong brand image that enables it to draw huge numbers of customers especially to the extended entertainment products. This is a world class entertainment company with over 180,000 shareholders and employs about 60 thousand employees. Walt Disney has over the years relied on market diversification to achieve its main goal which is to draw more customers. This has enabled the company to grow massively developing from development, marketing as well as research (Jones 273). Walt Disney has been able to enjoy the benefits of en masse production since it has been a market leader. An example would be when this company utilized extreme amounts of money to invest in its European theme park. It is estimated that the amount totalled to about $3.6 billion, which is a huge amount for other companies to afford. Walt Disney also enjoys the involvement of the government policy which is also demanding. It is estimated that the French government at one point invested about $1.2 billion in this project, provided transport as well as tax relief on cost of goods estimated to be 7 percent from the previous 18.6 percent. Since the entertainment industry in Disney is designed in a unique way, suppliers are less dominated hence bringing up concentration (Jones 274). Its growth is basically drawn from its size. The company is able to establish a dependable relationship with its suppliers since it orders products in large quantities. The Disney Company has been able to compete tirelessly with competitors by upgrading all products as well as services to fit customers’ expectations. Internal strength and weaknesses Walt Disney is one of the Hollywood’s largest studios, owning about eleven theme parks as well as oth
Background of the Project The emerging technologies have turned the world into a global village, and many firms are struggling to find ways of expanding their global operations. International marketing strategies have become integral parts of strategic management as firms try to understand the nature of the environment in the international markets. The luxury industry is one of the oldest industries in the world. Many companies offering luxurious products have been struggling to expand their operations to the international markets as a way of expanding their market share. Donia Allegue is one of the emerging luxury products that have been rapidly expanding over the recent past. This is one of the first Parisian turban designers that target high-end consumers in Europe. Started in February 2012, this fashion designer has experienced massive success in the recent past in France. However, the management must understand that the international market has some characteristics that are different from the home market in France. According to Ricca and Robins (2012, p. 67), “Cultural differences affect the nature and pattern of status-directed consumption.” Sometimes a product that is valuable to one group may be abhorred because of the cultural backgrounds. This is specifically so when it comes to the apparel industry. When planning to move to the international market, the marketing unit of Donia Allegue must realize that the international market may require different approaches in order to ensure that the operations of the firm are in line with the cultural needs of the local customers. Research Questions When conducting a research project, it is always important to set specific research questions that would define the path to be taken when collecting data. Research questions always offer a guideline of the type of data to be collected. This helps in avoiding time wastage by collecting irrelevant information. The following are some of the research questions that will guide the process of collecting data.  1. What is the impact of cultural and religious factors in defining the consumption of luxurious products?  2. Is it necessary for a firm like Donia Allegue to modify its products based on the cultural and religious factors?  3. When is it necessary for a firm in the luxurious industry to consider that it has the capacity to enter a market that has different cultural practices from that of the home country? The above three questions will form the basis of this project. Responding to the above questions will help determine the impact of cultural a
Introduction Resuscitation, also known as cardiac, pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), refers to an emergency course of action for individuals experiencing cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. Witnessed resuscitation refers to active resuscitation performed in the presence of relatives, friends, or other concerned individuals (Russell, 2000). The exercise is applicable both in and out of the hospital locale. The process involves physical maneuvers to craft man-made circulation using rhythmic chest compression, sometimes involving breathing into the victim’s mouth. PCR may involve advanced procedures involving the administration of intravenous drugs. The process aims at restoring oxygenated blood circulation in the cardiac system and the brain. Maneuvering should continue until the victim regains heartbeat also known as “return of spontaneous circulation” or the patient is confirmed dead. The trauma team does it perfectly, but some perform it with a lot of negligence (Catherine et al, 2009). This is one of the reasons why family members may wish to attend. Cardiac pulmonary resuscitation has got many ethical issues that surround it. One crucial question that remains unanswered is whether to allow relatives of the patient into the resuscitation room. The place of collapse usually determines whether the resuscitation is witnessed or not (Raymond & Robert, 1997). The attitudes of relatives and the service providers are mixed. There are advantages and disadvantages of allowing the non – service providers in the treatment room. Some situations are uncontrollable. Resuscitation carried out of the hospital setting e.g. roadside. The bystanders will automatically have to witness the resuscitation process. The research has shown that there is a discrepancy between the public and healthcare providers on the notion of witnessed resuscitation. There are some views shared by both the staff and the general public including family members of the victim on witnessed resuscitation. Supporters of the opinion, witnessing the resuscitation, emphasize the human rights of the victims and their relatives. Sources reveal that barring witnesses from the scene is unwarranted since many bystanders usually witness grave events in the field (Margo, 2005). Benefits The requests by family members and friends to eyewitness resuscitation have achieved popularity because they have some ethical rationalization. The benefits include helping the wit
Introduction Scott Davis, the CEO and chairman of United Parcel Services since 2008, is an innovative leader who has been able to put together the company’s yesterday’s foundation, today’s strengths and tomorrow’s goals to establish the strongest package delivering company in the region. Serving as a CEO in Overseas Partners Ltd. from 1998 to 2000, the CEO has a wealth of leadership and data management skills strongly emphasized in Overseas Partners Ltd. Being a reinsurance company that provides reinsurance against damage or loss of packages carried by delivery companies, Overseas Ltd. puts much emphasis on understanding data management in delivery companies as well as security issues in the industry. This is so as to manage their risks in a more informed manner. He has been able to bring that to United Parcel Services and demonstrated exemplary leadership skills. Recent challenges in the company United Parcel Services recently faced challenges with their high-density data centers (1). Monitoring millions of packages and clients can be a challenge for such a business. A developing global market presents a big business opportunity for the business but also presents a challenge, especially in data management. The CEO’s embrace of technology and encouragement to his team to do the same is one of his outstanding leadership skills. Together with the management team, he advocated for an investment in their electronic commerce systems to allow the business’ global development. The CEO has been on the front line supporting the business’ forefront position in enhancing e-commerce. He has supported this by adopting globally tracking data systems to allow connectivity with their global clients and enable them to give real-time solutions to customers. Tracking a parcel for a customer is today easy with the help of improved technology in their data centers. Leadership skills When he took over the position of CEO, Scott was faced with a challenge to improve security concerns as the company was experiencing many cases of suspicious cargo being delivered through their services. The CEO did this by convincing the executive team to review the company’s security protocols. He also initiated more involvement by security officials both in the United States and in every
Dementas vs. the Estate of Tallas, 764 p.2d 628   * Procedural History: The Trial Court passed the verdict that Defendant (Tallas) was not guilty and dismissed Plaintiff’s claim against Defendant. After Plaintiff appealed so that his claim against Tallas could be dismissed, the Supreme Court of Utah affirmed that the case of Dementas vs. the Estate of Tallas was solved in the favor of Dementas (Gallo, 2008, p. 56).   * Facts: In the case of Dementas vs. the Estate of Tallas, the unsatisfied claim of Peter Dementas is told. After helping an emigrant from Greece, Jack Tallas, for years, and hoping to inherit the latter’s property for the offered help after Tallas passed away, the plaintiff failed to obtain the Tallas Estate, since Jack Tallas did not change his will consequently, only dictating a memorandum to Dementas.   * Issue: It is important to mark that in the given case, the major issue concerned the lawfulness of the contract, which was written in Greek and did not fully respond to the claims that the U. S. laws lay to the wills of the kind.   * Holding/Decision: According to the Court decision, Dementas’s claim that the diseased promised to pay the Plaintiff $50,000 was inconsistent, since the request to pay the above-mentioned $50,000 was based on the past consideration, i.e., “a benefit that one party has already received at the time he made his promise” (Burnham & Kraynak, 2011, p. 53) and, therefore, could not be referred to as the valid and lawful demand.   * Rule: It is obvious that in the given case, the court obviously refers to the given case as the instance of a returned rule. According to the Court decision, A generally accepted definition of consideration is that a legal detriment has been bargained for and exchanged for a promise. The mere fact that one man promises something to another creates no legal duty and makes no legal remedy available in case of nonperformance. A performance or a returned promise must be bargained for. (Beatty & Samuelson, 2006, p. 262)   * Reasoning: Since there has been no contract signed and no written agreement made whatsoever, the given promise of offering an inheritance to the third party cannot be considered a valid decision and, therefore, is not to be performed. Even though the given case might fall under the laws of moral obligation, the latter is not accepted in the State of Utah, as Casenote Legal Briefs (2009, p. 26) explains.   * Disposition: It must be admitted that, because of the absence of any written evidence that allows suggesting that the Estate of Tallas could be the inheritance that Tallas left Dementas for the latter’s assistance, the court’s final disposition was to claim the contract unenforceable.   * Dissent/Concurrence: Obviously, the concurrence of Defendant has not been proven in the given case, which means that Plaintiff has no right to claim for the inheritance, even though the diseased might have given Plaintiff the hope to inherit the property.   * Comments: Since Tallas’s promise to give Dementas the esta
Introduction The problem of fall-related injuries is common among the elderly. People who live at home or in a long-term care setting and are not able to care for themselves often encounter the issue of moving independently. Thus, they may fall while trying to perform some daily tasks. The lack of awareness about this issue is usually coupled with one’s reduced physical strength and agility, which results in them being unable to coordinate their movements. The occurrence rate for this problem can be measured. For example, to assess the scope of such a problem as falls in the elderly, one can define the type of fall and estimate the number of falls per person for people who did not undergo any type of intervention (Spath, 2013). Then, the same rate of falls can be determined for individuals who went through an intervention process. This data can help establish the success or failure of intervention and prove that it does or does not work. The issue of falling is very serious for older individuals, as it can lead to a number of traumatizing and lasting outcomes. For instance, one’s fall may cause long-term pain, fractures, psychological distress, and even prolonged hospitalization. For some persons, the lack of personal freedom and the inability to perform basic tasks may negatively affect their mental stability. Although people in long-term care are helped by professionals, it is important for them to retain a level of autonomy. Therefore, this problem has to be addressed in order to lower the rate of falls and prevent some related injuries. It is necessary to find a working intervention process and implement it in practice. The problem of falling among the elderly in long-term care is critical and requires intervention as it may lead to serious and long-lasting physical and mental harm. Literature Review The topic of falls for elderly patients is discussed in a variety of scholarly works. Many authors not only describe the scope of the problem but also evaluate different types of interventions and test their effectiveness. In the analysis of the issue, authors note the significance of the effect that falls have on the elderly. For instance, Siegrist et al. (2016) state that frequent and infrequent falling can result in higher rates of mortality among older patients. Such problems as institutionalization and complete loss of self-sufficiency are also often linked to falling. The authors note that falls can be caused by many factors that are directly and indirectly linked to the patient’s health and environment. It is undeniable that some age-related changes and correlated diseases affect the way people move. Nevertheless, other factors may play their role as well. The authors outline exercising as the best way to reduce falls. Ungar et al. (2013) establish that changes in sight, hearing, and locomotor functions of the body are the main reasons for falling. However, these initial factors are also followed by various conditions of neurologic, musculoskeletal
The Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916) is a significant large-scale naval battle of the First World War between the British Royal Navy Grand Fleet and the Imperial German High Seas Fleet. It took place in the North Sea, near the Danish peninsula of Jutland. Germany aimed to break the starvation blockade, while Britain intended to maintain their advantage. Since John Jellicoe’s Grand Fleet was the only British battlefleet, severe losses would have seriously undermined Britain’s control (Osborne, 2016). Concerning that the British battlefleet had a 2:1 superiority, Scheer intended to openly go to the shores of Norway to induce some of the British ships to break away from the main fleet. However, information about the departure of German ships was disclosed (Osborne 2016). At 14 o’clock, the British Squadron of D. Beatty engaged in the battle with the German vanguard. The struggle between the opposing fleets began at 18 o’clock with an active role of battlecruisers. The second battle started at 19:10 with the help of battleships, and then at 20:00, the British completely lost the location of the rival, who hid behind a smokescreen. However, Beatty managed to track down the enemy, and the Grand Fleet began to attack German forces. Actions lasted until 20:40 when the Germans managed to retreat (Osborne 2016). The third stage was the night battle, initiated by the German fleet led by Scheer. The last clash of opponents resulted in the destruction of the destroyer G-40. The Germans managed to escape; their losses of men amounted to 2,500 people. The British fleet suffered heavy losses, with 6,100 people killed. Both opponents declared themselves the victors in this battle. Germany boasted that it caused significant damage to the British fleet, while England pointed out that they still maintained their blockade (Osborne 2016). Summary of the Jellicoe’s Account of the Battle Describing the events of the battle, Sir John Jellicoe starts with the position of the Grand Fleet’s ships. Following his directions and complying with the policy of periodical sweeps, The Battle-cruiser Fleet was led by Vice-Admiral Sir David Beatty, with the ships of the Fifth Battle Squadron under Rear-Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas left for the southward of the Battle Fleet. There the fleet faced the enemy battlecruisers. Unfortunately, the fight happened under disadvantageous conditions: the mist made it difficult to see the enemy’s positions. Before joining Beatty and Evan-Thomas, the main forces prepared their older battleships, testing their speed qualities. Jellicoe ordered the Third Battlecruiser Squadron to reinforce Bea