ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pornography refers to the visual, verbal or written material whose aim is to stimulate sexually. It raises a big debate as to whether it ought to be or it should be illegal and immoral. At times, the illustration of non-sexual violence against people is at times referred to as pornography. In most societies pornography is officially suppressed and its distribution is controlled. Screening is done to movies and books and rating done on the basis of the pornographic material they posses. Some are completely suppressed and others revised or adjusted to evade being held back (Narveson J, p. 276).The main argument is whether the act of scrutinizing and suppressing pornography is actually justified. According to the liberal view point, people should be let to live their lives in the way that they choose. Free will is valued and people should not be subjected or controlled by others. The conservatives on the other hand advocate for collectivity where what is good or upright should be to the whole society. The liberalists will advocate for pornography as people ought to be left free to do what they please. Allowing authorities to screen and restrain pornography will be unfair as it is subjecting to rules of others. The definition of what is being good or bad should be left at the individual level. The liberalists are therefore concerned with who defines what morality is and why should their views be generalized. The conservatives would vary as to whether pornography is morally upright or not. They believe that there are right and wrong ways of life and that people should work towards the right ways by all means even if it entails compulsion. However, perception of what is right or wrong varies with varying conservatives. Pornography would be morally right if it caused no harm to others. The critical question that arises is who is defining ‘harm’. Some people may argue that pornographic material is harmful to those exposed to it but the definition of what is harmful could mean different impacts from what pornography can actually cause. For instance, a liberalist may define harm as that which causes physical damage to a person, property or rights of which pornography does not affect. Consequently pornography would be okay to a liberalist (Narveson, p. 277). The conservatives may argue against pornography on the grounds that it is ‘abhorrent’ or ‘disgusting’ but this subject to individuals. Claims that pornographic mate
Ethics plays an important role in our decision-making process, be it individually or collectively in an organizational context. Ethics deals with knowing what is wrong and what is right. Thus, it involves analyzing ethical decisions, beliefs, and actors inline with different activities. Recognizing the risks of poor decision-making can prevent ethical issues that arise in our daily life or career. In this light, this paper focuses on the attributes of poor decision making, how to resist unethical acts, and the essential components of ethical leadership. Decision-making entails reducing uncertainty about many alternatives, which allows the decision maker to make the best choice. However, several people are not good in decision-making as they believe, and the few who set goals do not achieve them. According to Mallor et al (2010), the three common characteristics of poor decision-making are failing to remember objectives, overconfidence, and complexity of issues. It is easy for people to set goals and not achieve anything. The reason is that they set them, but do not do anything to make sure that their activities do not deviate from the set goals. After setting the goals, managers fail to remember them on daily basis and thus, they make no progress. Similarly, overconfidence causes people to overvalue their knowledge and underestimate the risks in decision-making. Many decision makers think that if they are able to accomplish their goals before without much effort, then they are too confident that they will achieve them without working hard or considering other alternatives. Complexity of issues is another cause of poor decision-making. As the issues become more complex, it is not easy to come up with meaningful and best solutions. There is a possibility of ignoring some important issues and considering the simple and less important ones. Resisting suggestions to act unethically is helpful in avoiding the causes of poor decision-making. First, finding mentors and peer support group is essential in resisting unethical acts. Individuals in these groups will be able to share information that relates to their work, and discuss on many matters such as the code of ethics. Second, the team members can forward their concern to the authority about any unethical matters. Individuals should work with the firm to stop unethical behavior where they report such matters to the top management. Lastly, recognition of unethical requests and people is important in this sense. When team members are taught on how to deal with unethical issues in their daily activities, they will be able to tell between both ethical and unethical issues (Mallor et al., 2010). In this regard, there are many ways to act ethically as a leader in an organization. First, the leader should put the organizations interest first. This means that the leader should listen to the other team members and more so give them more power in decision making.
Introduction Canada, a country believed to have gotten its name by slip-up when a French explorer mistook the village word “Kanata” for “Canada”, is today one of the greatest economic hubs and the second largest country in the world. The world sometimes jokingly refers to it as a country that runs from “sea to sea.” Diverse Aboriginal people predominantly inhabit Canada and it consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories, mostly dominated by the British and French settlers (Kalman 4-13). Through the Canada Act of 1982, the country strengthened its political muscles by becoming a federal state and placing Queen Elizabeth II at its head. It is today a “bilingual and multicultural state governed through parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy” (Cyr 41). The latter system is also the basis on which the executive, legislative, and judicial arms of state are founded. In addition, Canada stands out, within the continent and elsewhere in the world, as a country governed by economic transparency. The country also does satisfactorily well in the international rankings in major areas like political freedom, respect for human rights, education, and quality of life. Purpose of the Paper The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical examination of the “Canadian Economic History”. Canada’s economy is significantly one of the largest economies in the world today, with an approximately US$1.74 trillion nominal GDP. It is also one of the highest liberal economies across America and Europe as per the heritage index of economic freedom. Perhaps the major question is how Canada has made it this far economically. For many people, the answer could be the expansion of the political freedom in Canada, or the establishment of more democratic institutions, bringing about transparency in the economic sector. According to this paper, however, the answer lies in the economic history of the nation. This essay has thus been structured around the Canadian economic history, which has been broken down into smaller significant areas, supported with different valid facts. The first part, “staples thesis”, is used to explain the nation’s resource-based economy given the complexity in understanding it. The second part looks at the major staple commodities in the country’s history, while the third and fourth parts review the major economic philosophies before and after the expulsion of the French traders from Canada. Other significant areas addressed, especially in the sev
The USA is one of the most attractive countries to come for many specialists and workers from different countries of the World. Every year, a big number of immigrants come to the country to find good jobs and start a new life. The negative effects of immigration are actively discussed in the society: immigrants compete with the local specialists for the jobs, illegal immigrants do not pay taxes and cause social problems, and oth. However, some authors state that the US immigration has many good effects on the country’s economy. The aim of the essay is to study positive outcomes of legal US immigration. The immigrants become the participants of the US labor market. When they offer their skills to the employers, they compete to the local workforce, and the wages are assumed to decrease. However, the study (Smith et al 4) showed that this influence is actually very low. Besides, the local workforce start improving their skills by attending trainings, getting additional education etc., which is a good outcome for the US economy. Finally, hiring immigrants who are ready to receive low salaries is beneficial for employers: their companies’ services and goods are sold at a lower price because the expenses for the workers’ salary are low, and the profit is high (Smith et al 4). The study of how the local workers and immigrants cooperate also demonstrated the positive effect of immigration. Domestic workers choose jobs where they are the most effective, and the production process becomes more advanced (House of Lords 103). This process is called specialization: workers are given the responsibilities according to their skills, and the productivity grows (Bhatta 314). On the other hand, immigrants come to the USA not only as workers but as consumers of the US goods and services. They pay the earned money for things they buy, which is an additional source of salary for workers and that of profit for the companies. However, the US immigrants are not only workers. Many specialists come to the USA to work in the field of science, engineering, medicine, technology, management. They bring their talent and experience to the companies and develop the strongest industries of the US economy (House of Lords 103). Besides, it is necessary to discuss the fiscal effect of immigration. On the one hand, immigrants use services offered by the state, and the budget money is spent to provide them. On the other hand, immigrants are tax payers, which means that they bring money to the US budget. The study (Smith 11) showed that in the long run the total fiscal effect of immigration is positive. There are a few states where many immigrants come: the local power has to spend too much to support them, and the effect is negative, but in most states it is positive. Educated immigrants who get prestigious jobs pay higher taxes to the budget, and this is also beneficial for the whole state. Thus, it is reasonable to talk about the positive influence of immigration on the economy of the US. People coming from different countries become workers, consumers and tax payers and ma
What are the hazards and do they prevent ‘lone working’? Sulphuric acid: It is a very corrosive chemical that can lead to serious burns when poorly handled especially in its concentrated form. Sulphuric acid produces chemical burns as well as secondary thermal burns attributed to dehydration. Sulphuric acid can corrode the skin, work surfaces and metal. Direct contact with the eyes can cause irreversible blindness, whereas ingestion can lead to the permanent damage of internal organs and death. Making contact with high concentrations of sulphuric acid aerosols can also injure the eye, irritate the respiratory tract and destroy tissues. Long-term exposure to low concentrations of sulphuric acid can erode teeth. Phosphate buffer: May be hazardous when inhaled, ingested or absorbed by the skin. It can also irritate the eyes, skin or the mucous membranes of the respiratory system. Sodium acetate buffer: Can pose extreme danger when it touches the skin. It is an irritant that can also affect the eyes and the gastrointestinal tract when ingested. Sodium acetate buffer can also corrode the skin and the mucous membrane when inhaled. A spray mist of the chemical can also damage the mucous membranes found in the eyes, mouth and respiratory system. These hazards cannot prevent lone working because the level of risk involved is minimal. For example, the sulphuric acid is provided in a ready-to-use dilute concentration, which minimises the risk of injury when preparing dilute acid from the concentrated stock solution. Additionally, the experimental procedures involve pipetting small quantities of the chemicals, which will prevent the formation of aerosols and lower the risk. What will be done in the procedure? Each group will prepare working analytical standards from the stock solution whose concentration is 1000ng/mL. Various concentrations will be prepared by diluting a specified quantity of the stock solution in the phosphate buffer. For example, to prepare 100ng/mL, 100µL of the 1000ng/mL stock solution will be mixed with 900µL phosphate buffer at pH 7.2. 50, 10 and 5 ng/mL concentrations will be prepared by taking 500µL of 100ng/mL, 200µL of 50ng/mL and 500µL of 10ng/mL, which will be mixed in 500, 800 and 500µL of phosphate buffer at a pH of 7.2 respectively. Other concentrations will be prepared as illustrated in the lab manual. Thereafter, subsequent steps will also be done as explained in the manual. The final step will involve the addition of 25 µl of 2.5M sulphuric acid stop solution to each well. The absorbance of the plates will then be measured. How will the risks be minimised? The risks will be minimised by wearing protective eye equipment, gloves, as well as protective clothing. Additionally, all activities will be done in a well-venti
Introduction Nowadays, it is not a difficult task to sell something to someone. Lachani (as cited in BusinessNews Publishing, 2013) says that “the best time to sell more is when people are buying”. People like the idea of buying. Still, some advertisers and sellers make a mistake thinking that their products are necessary to everyone. Therefore, due to the existing variety of options and ideas, some sellers face difficulties in introducing or selling their products and services. The product that is introduced in this project is worth people’s attention because it has a purpose and a clearly identified audience, and it meets other crucial elements of the PAIBOC approach that is used by commercials. Product Identification The technological progress has already influenced a number of spheres, and the field of education is not an exception. Students like to use their smartphones and notebooks to complete their tasks, search information, and get access to a number of sources from different parts of the world in a short period of time (Keengwe, 2015). It is hard to predict what future and technological innovations are waiting for students and their teachers in 2020 (Nickerson & Zodhiates, 2013; Selwyn, 2013). Still, it is possible to observe what students and teachers want to achieve now: fast and effective exchange of information, easy access, and multiple options. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine modern students’ life without such technology as a netbook. It is as functional and effective as an ordinary notebook is. It is as compact, and light as the majority of smartphones and iPads are. It is not expensive, and its price is usually affordable for many students. As soon as students comprehend the importance of netbooks in their education, the time to think about the company comes. Why not pay attention to Sony Corporation? It is one of the most fascinating and successful companies of all the times that began as a music innovator and creator and turned into a powerful electronic, gaming, and financial conglomerate (Neate, 2014). Sony netbooks are frequently used by many people around the globe. Sony netbooks help to make an academic life of every student easier and fascinating. Sony netbooks open students the door to a new world full of smart and easy to comprehend technologies. The PAIBOC analysis will help to make the right decision and clarify if the offer is appropriate for a certain group of people. PAIBOC Analysis Purpose Our task is to provide people with technological comfort by offering the best Sony netbooks for E 2 : education and entertainment. It is not enough to sell a netbook. It is necessary to
EI and Motivation Successful and reciprocal communication in the organizational setting is the key to building a robust environment for increased performance and employee engagement. For this reason, the notion of emotional intelligence (EI) has recently been introduced to the context of the corporate environment. The phenomenon of EI is believed to produce a direct influence on the efficacy of employees’ performance due to the increase in their motivation and engagement. In fact, the very structure of the EI as a tool used in communication between HR managers and staff members includes the item of motivation as one of its baseline notions (Joseph, Jin, Newman, & O’Boyle, 2015). Therefore, the correlation between the introduction of EI as the essential component of communication in the workplace and the levels of employee engagement is quite transparent, as seen in the example of Vivint Solar. Increasing the extent of employee motivation with the help of EI-based strategies will become possible once the principles of reciprocity are firmly integrated into the corporate philosophy and HR politics. As soon as staff members at Vivint Solar see that their needs are met and that their voices are heard, they will start developing loyalty and trust toward their company. The described process is particularly important for the organization in question due to the recent increase in resistance to change caused by the need to update the existing quality standards (Joseph et al., 2015). By setting a communication channel through which employees will address managers and vice versa, one will foster the environment of reciprocity and transparency, thus leading to an increase in the rates of employee engagement and motivation. The described alterations in the corporate model for building relationships with stakeholders will require several adjustments, yet the expected outcomes will cause rapid progress. EI and Social Skills and Decision-Making Rational and effective decision-making constitutes one of the cornerstones of a company’s successful performance in the market of its choice. The energy market in which the Vivint Solar company operates represents a particularly large challenge for the firm to keep up the pace with the latest innovative solutions and the ever-increasing quality standards. Thus, the probability of making an error during the decision-making process at Vivint Solar must be minimized for the organization to retain high rates of competitiveness. The application of the EI principles, in turn, wil
Understanding the concept of seniority and merit pay plans Seniority as it applies in organizations refers to the situation whereby a person is put in charge of a group of people in an organization. It could also be a group of persons put in charge of another group in the organization. The most experienced persons mostly take the seniority position due to the experience they have, skills and knowledge. According to HR Guide (2009, 1), the concept of seniority generally means granting preference to the employees who have served the organization for a certain period of time on which such preference are accorded. The notion of seniority is meant to ensure that there is security to those persons who have rendered long service to the organization. Preferences are given according to the length of service rendered by the employees. Merit pay plans on the other side are employment incentive plans that give equal consideration opportunities to the employees without taking in to account the financing sources. According to HR Guide,” The merit increase program is implemented when funds are designated for that purpose by the institution’s administration, dependent upon the availability of funds and other constraints” (HR Guide 2009, 1). The employees according to merit pay plans are compensated according to their performance at work. Strengths and limitations of seniority and merit pay plans within an organization According to University of Illinois. (1947, 1), one of the key strength of seniority and merit pay plans is that they act as motivators to the employees. The employees work hard because they know that they will be compensated for their work. The employees wishing to benefit from the seniority plans are empowered to continue working for the company. Through seniority also, the qualified, skillful and experienced employees are promoted to the tenured positions in order to offer them job security. The other strength is that the merit pay strengthens the organizations performance appraisal because they separate the individual performance and that of the company. This also helps the company to compensate employees who are high performers thus satisfying and retaining them in the organization. The major limitation of these plans is that it is not possible to measure merit and their compensation. This also makes the plans to be more subjective and therefore may not necessarily achieve the ultimate goals. When deciding between the merit pay and seniority concept, one of the factors to consider is that the jobs already held must be permanent and acquired on merit. The organization must also be strong enough to support such plans and there must be legal system allowing such plans. Incentive pay plans and employee performance The incentive pay plans, both individual and group motivate the employees to achieve high performance in that the employees are sure that they will be compensated if they achieve a specified level of performance. They enable them to set their own goals and work to achieve them. They also perform personal evaluation in order to improve their performance so as to qualify for the reward. The
Brief description of the most emotional segment of the film The most powerful part of the film was when Malcolm X started his ‘Nation of Islam’ campaign in the streets of the ghetto. It took enormous courage to stop strangers in the street and tell them about Elijah Muhammad’s teachings. He appears to be quite passionate about his cause regardless of the passersby’s indifference to his pleas ( Malcolm X ). At this point, one wonders whether anything fruitful will ever come from the meetings because the faith’s membership base is quite small. In this scene – when Malcolm X hands out leaflets to the event – one can detect the sense of hopelessness held by people in this neighborhood. Malcolm’s energy and firm resolve oozes out of him. To some extent, it even contradicts his environment. Perhaps the reason why this scene was central to the film was its portrayal of the protagonist. Mr. X has such an unyielding belief in the Nation of Islam that he is willing to sacrifice his economic or personal gain for the sake of the group. It was a full-time job for Malcolm to conduct membership drives, such as the one in the scene, so this was a clear sacrifice on his part. Mr. Little’s enthusiasm never waned throughout his involvement in the Nation of Islam. He was a leader from the beginning and continued to show these leadership qualities until his death. The scene was packed with emotion for me because I saw the makings