ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Reflection is a very critical element in nursing. This aspect may be used to serve two functions. In this case, reflection supports learning and individual. Essentially, the definitions of the term “reflection” was closely associated with critical thinking. There are different definitions that have been given to the aspect of reflection. However, it can be observed that emphasis is put on the “purposeful critical analysis of knowledge and experience, in order to achieve deeper meaning and understanding” (Mann, Gordon & MacLeod, 2009, p. 597). Therefore, reflection helps individuals to learn from the previous experiences while defining the way forward. It has been acknowledged that reflection is critical to health professionals. In this respect, reflection plays an essential role in the health care profession. Notably, health profession entails both the theoretical and practical aspects. According to Andrist (2006), “reflective practice allows for the uncovering of knowledge embedded in practice and expands nursing knowledge” (p. 411). Reflection is said to fill the gap that exists between theory and practice (Andrist, 2006). As noted previously, reflection is a very important aspect of the health profession (Richardson, 1995; Fulbrook, 2004). As a nurse caring for the aged and individuals with disabilities, I will make use of reflection in carrying out my nursing duties. Thus, I will need to adopt the ways in which I will express myself towards in the work environment. In this way, I will be able to connect with the patients under my care in a special and professional way. Different patients require different attention from the nurses. Therefore, I need special ways of understanding different patients in order to meet their expectations. In this way, I have to develop my skills in order to connect with the various categories of patients. This unit on reflection has been very intriguing. I used to think that health professionals only practice what they are taught in school. However, the aspect of reflection requires an individual to adopt new skills from the experience and adjust while interacting with others (Jasper, 2006). In this respect, this unit has been instrumental in bridging the gap between what is taught in class and then real work environment (Rolfe, et al., 2010; Glaze, 2002). Therefore, I can proudly say that the unit has provided a missing link between theory and practice in my chosen profession. In Australia, the aged care and disability services are often confined in a single residential aged care. Therefore, it is possible to find young individuals who are disabled living with the aged in residential care units (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012). My visit to one of the residential aged care in the country put to test what we had learnt in class. I found that
Introduction During the last ten years, some energy system transformations have been observed. Nowadays, there are many people, who do not find it necessary to use fossil fuels to cover their needs in electricity and other energy sources. The idea to use such renewable resources as the sunlight and wind seems to be powerful due to the possibility to obtain and use energy with ever-greater efficiency (Beck 312). The concerns about global warming and human impossibilities to deal with fossil fuels without any negative outcomes make the government and special organizations consider the worth of renewable energy and learn better the peculiarities of a solar photovoltaic system that can produce clean energy (Ramaprabha et al. 320). This paper aims at describing and evaluating the solar electric system, known as PV (photovoltaic), its working peculiarities, the application for the cooling purposes in buildings, and the identification of this system’s advantages in scientific, economic, and environmental spheres of life to prove the necessity of development of this system in different regions of the world. How a PV System Works The energy crisis is one of the inevitable situations people have to face one day. Still, people continue making numerous attempts to solve the challenges, and the use of solar energy with the help of the PV system is one of the latest achievements that makes it possible to use the light of the sun in a clean and versatile way as the “direct conversion of radiation into electricity” (Krauter 19). There are several reasons why the PV system should be recommended for consideration. On the one hand, the system is modular and can be expandable in the cases of emergency or need (Beck 314); on the other hand, the developers of PV technologies offer the guarantees to more than 25 years (Krauter 19). Photovoltaic is the process during which the conversion of light in electricity happens at the atomic level. Any person can install the system near the house and get access to free electricity. Still, to succeed in such an installation process, it is necessary to comprehend how the system works. In brief, photovoltaic is the method of electric energy production with the help of special semiconducting materials that can cause the photovoltaic effect. A solar cell is a semiconductor diode that consists of a p-n junction and performs the function of impurity doping (Krauter 21). The photovoltaic effect may be produced with the help of some alloy materials the cooperation of which leads to the creation of two layers. One layer is the back contact of the p-type (that consists of positive mediums), and another layer is the front contact of the n-type (that consists of negative mediums) (Patel 164). The presence of such misbalance that exists between p- and n-type layers, a new layer is created where the charge can be divided as soon as light reaches it. The charge can be spread through different meta
The American constitution does not capture the term federalism despite the fact that governance method has been in existence for many years. George Washington was not of the view that federalism would totally take a place in America. It did not occur to him that national governance would prove difficult at some point in time. The characteristic wide geographical area, expanded infrastructural network and social amenities were some of the factors that steered America towards federalism (Smith 2). It was difficult to offer comprehensive and balanced national governance to all regions within America especially in the 18th century. The federalism was thereafter born and it enjoys its existence until today. Several interventions have seen America move towards complete federalism (Helfman 108). Close ties among state governments have been instrumental in the working together of state governments. Cooperative federalism is now in place. It emphasizes on shared policy formulation between the respective governments. The essay discusses how federalism has evolved since James Madison wrote The Federalist, 51 and the effects of Federalism on American politics. It also explains my opinion on whether I would construct a federalist or unified system if I were to design a constitution for a foreign government. Articles of Confederation in 1770 may be regarded as the genesis of federalism. They laid down policies on the operation of federal government. However, the work of James Madison and others in the Federalist Papers contributed significantly to the genesis of federalism in the US. Madison alone wrote over 20 articles on the subject and helped in the development and ratification of the US constitution and the 39 th article as well as Federalist 51 is regarded as the most indicative of the concept of Federalism and the reasons for the need to have checks and balances of any government respectively. In the Federalist 51, Madison suggests that there is no greater reflection on human nature than that of having a government. The long journey towards federalism is still transforming itself to accommodate various needs (Hamilton, Madison and Jay 45). Political power sharing and power of governance are the centers of interest within this form of government. The concept of federalism has been changing over the years. The various evolution changes are discussed next. The Articles of Confederation did not receive total support from the citizens. It was viewed as a tool for limiting the strengths of the federal government (Bailyn 13). Some citizens supported the recommendations of introducing federalism. It was the government’s failure to control the economy that sparked a rebellion from citizens in Massachusetts. The federal government could not handle the protests. The bicameral legislature was adopted and enforced in 1887 and the formation of the US constitution given a thought in Philadelphia. Those opposed to the new constitution represented those who were also opposed to federalism. 1791 saw the passing of 10 articles drafted by Madison. The Bill of Rights was the product of these articles. The tenth Amendment hel
Introduction Bullying is a significant issue in the modern world because it affects numerous children and adolescents. Repetitiveness and an imbalance of power are the top distinguishing features of this phenomenon. There is no doubt that bullying can lead to adverse consequences, but the current focus is on how this issue emerges and what role parents play in this process. Thus, the paper will explain why authoritarian and permissive parenting styles promote bullying among children and adolescents, while an authoritative one reduces this behavior prevalence. Definition of Terms To begin with, one should define the basic terms that will be used in this paper. Bullying is aggressive behavior that involves the use of power, coercion, threat, and others. That is why it is possible to talk about a victim (a person who has bullied) and a perpetrator (a person who bullies others) (Thomas et al. 437). This information demonstrates that the phenomenon under consideration includes two parties, and one of them initiates aggressive actions. Since the given topic usually refers to children and adolescents, it is evident that their parents hold a portion of responsibility because the adults affect the growth and development of young individuals. Numerous parents follow various approaches in rearing their children, and the choice of a specific parenting style can be of significance. This term refers to a set of strategies and decisions that parents take to interact with their sons and daughters. Georgiou et al. state that these styles focus on the degree of demandingness and responsiveness (29). The scholars comment on “the authoritative style (high demandingness and high responsiveness), the permissive style (high responsiveness, low demandingness), and the authoritarian style (high demandingness, low responsiveness)” (Georgiou et al. 29). The three result in children’s different involvement in bullying behaviors, and the following section will explain why it happens. Correlation between Bullying and Parenting Style Numerous scholarly articles focus on the issue under analysis and offer valuable information. For example, a systematic review by Masud et al. attempts to identify whether there is a connection between a parenting style and aggression among children and adolescents. The authors stipulate that authoritative parenting positively influences individuals’ psychological development, while permissive and authoritarian styles promote aggression (Masud et al. 1015). Since it has already been mentioned tha
Introduction Mergers are often criticised for their potential to create both losers and winners. Merging two universities is a process that many leaders and stakeholders disagree on due to the uncertainties regarding the outcome. One culture outweighs another; one employee unseats another, thus leading to power struggles. Since organisational decisions are restructured, the organisation may find itself in limbo and gradually be disengaged from its objective. Since change is inevitable, leaders who are ready to grow to try new options. When done in an organised manner, mergers have proven as key strategies for promoting innovation and market share (Chrusciel & Field 2006). However, this report seeks to show how the American University of Al Ain and the British University of Al Ain can consolidate to form a single entity referred to as the University of Al Ain. The merging of the two universities can occur through the determination of the leaders who realise the possible advantages of a merger. Such leaders should be ready to strive through challenges in the early stages of the merger process. This section will show that the benefits of a bigger, more diverse organisation with a common vision can outweigh the challenges of resistance and combining two diverse cultures. Literature review Most studies on change model concentrate on providing a better understanding of change regarding institutions. This review will look into various change and transition methods, which many institutions select from as they pursue their specific institutional change. Many institutions do not favour change since it is seen to bring forth unpredictable consequences leading to loss and sometimes closure of the institution (Holten & Brenner 2015). Since change is inevitable, institutions have to adapt to new ways of doing things or encounter the possibility of losing relevance due to competition. However, it is the responsibility of the leaders to bring awareness of the need for change. Such awareness ignites the whole change process (Burnes, 2003). A prior assessment of the current condition is crucial when applying any form of change in an institution. Some of the factors to consider while seeking the right model to implement change should factor in issues such
Introduction The 58-year-old patient of white descent has a history of diabetes mellitus type II and hypertension with the subsequent therapy of metformin and hydrochlorothiazide. The patient is also classified as obese on account of a greater than ordinary body mass index (BMI) over 25. Therefore, the patient has significant risk factors for cardiometabolic multimorbidities on a history of advancing age and obesity (Kivimäki et al., 2017). The patient developed fever, chills, pain, swelling of the right great toe, the inability of his foot to carry weight, and pain on assessment of the right metatarsophalangeal joint, consistent with a fracture of the right great toe. For this reason, it is imperative to accurately describe the musculoskeletal and neurological pathophysiologic process involved in the presenting symptoms. Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology The patient’s presenting symptoms are consistent with a big toe fracture. The patient’s underlying disorder of obesity would have contributed to the development of osteoporosis (Roy et al., 2016). The manifestation of obesity presents as the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), Growth hormone (GH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), angiotensin II, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5HT), and myostatin that modulate the communication pathways to muscle and bones. The upregulated or downregulated chemical messengers TNF-alpha, IL-6, and leptins have negative modulation to osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and myocytes, contributing to osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. Osteoporosis leads to bone fragility due to decreased bone mineralization secondary to calcium and phosphate deficiency. Moreover, the patient has been on hydrochlorothiazide therapy for hypertension with the potential of causing hypophosphatemia leading to reduced bone mineralization (Roy et al., 2016). Therefore, the increased weight from obesity and osteoporosis leads to a stress fracture on the patient’s foot, manifesting as pain and swelling of the right great toe. Inflammation is the product of the bone fracture manifesting as fever, chills, swelling, and pain to prevent further tissue damage. Acute inflammation begins with vasodilation in response to tissue injury leading to increased vascular permeability that allows the entry of inflammatory mediators (McCance et al., 2019). Subsequently, the increased vascular permeability leads to tissue edema manifested as swelling of the right great toe. The circulatory system, inflammatory cells, and injured tissues release
Introduction The oil refinery by Bayway Refinery within the area of Linden in New Jersey has elicited opposition from the locals and the city council. Reflectively, the Linden medical fraternity has estimated that the plant causes more than 20 deaths annually. Besides, the local have issues with environmental pollution from air, water, visibility to noise. Since the refinery will use dirty petroleum fuel to propel its pumps, the local are uncomfortable due to fear of air pollution. Emissions from the refining process contain products from the natural petroleum that are contaminated with synthetic chemicals making the total emissions harmful to the environment. Effects on the environment The sanitization of crude oil and processing of natural gas involves use of artificial chemicals and catalysts such as lead, chromium, glycol, amines among others. These synthetic chemicals contaminate the end products and are burnt along with the fuels to produce numerous lethal by-products in gaseous, liquid or solid forms. The emission of such air pollutant that did not exist in nature causes environmental effects than can permanently dent the ecosystem of Linden region (Caroom, 2009). The problem with the synthetic additives emerges from the fact that they are not compatible with the natural system. Therefore, they are not assimilated with biomasses in a way that would preserve natural order. In most instances, most of the pollutant oil originates from seeps on the ground and broken pipes. Unfortunately, the seepage directly affects human settlements due to the bad smell, clogging of soil, and poisoning plants. The largest source after natural seeps is the land based and storm water runoff. Further, locating the refineries next to residential places has caused a lot of noise from the constantly operating machines. Such pollution causes loads of noise distraction to the human settlement in the region (Caroom, 2009). Other than global warming, the refinery has exposed the residence of Linden to dreadful health diseases resulting from emanation of poisonous gases such as hydrogen sulphide from the refinery. Contact with these gases may cause diseases such as cancer and diseases relating to respiratory system. These diseases are known to be very costly to treat and may take several years before they get completely done away with in human body. Due to the cost implications of obtaining medication, many people may opt to live with the diseases awaiting death (Caroom, 2009). Basically, the risk level is very high. Solutions for refining oil within Utah City Due to the identified environmental problems created by the oil refinery factory in New Jersey, solutions should to be put forward to help mitigate future risks. According to Bina (2007), sustainable living is an essential persistent purpose to achieve at least a better standard of living conditions. Indeed, sustainable living therefore, is expressed as a situation of living in an
Whatever one does, feels or is engaged in has a great connection with the environment he has grown up in. The formation of one’s mind; reasoning capacity, understanding, thinking, arguing things depends greatly on what was instilled or impacted in his/her mind from when he/she was still an infant. Understanding this theory has its importance in determining how one is preparing for his tomorrow or that of his child. It as well enables social scientists or any other person to understand that the behavior you see in people is not always a result of one’s abrupt decision but it is a confirmation of a lifelong journey. However, though it is always hard to change the environment to conform to our day’s way, the understanding of this issue will help one to make a decision whether he will deviate from the current occurrences or will compromise with it for the reason of whom to become. (Toby, 1971) We identify ourselves with what we know, what we see, what we taste or simply what we are introduced to. A blind man will associate nothing with something visual. However, if out of blue his sight is restored, and the first thing in sight is a turkey, that is the very thing he will register and keep in mind and he will use it to contrast with everything visual. In the same way, as one grows up, whatever he comes across will always register in mind and if he is not subjected to any other environment, he will conform to the society’s norms. For instance, if society is full of anomalies, an individual will adapt to this situation. This is brought about by the fact that through socialization, we borrow our behavior from our role models, peers, significant others, as well as set down norms. The question comes in that, who is your role model? Which environment is he based in? What is known to be valuable within society? Answering these questions will enable one to know what not and to expect from one. For instant, if what is known to be successful life is being a teacher in a sampled society, the available role model available will be the teachers, and together with the societal expectation, it will be a phenomenon that the probability of teachers production in that society will be of great significant. According to Talcot parson, in his book; Mind and Self, human being’s role is greatly based on what the society expects of him rather than what he is good at. Human behavior is based on ones inner self. This is because ones belief from a given society can be deferent from others from another society. An individual from one society may believe that being a lawyer and a Christian at a go is a giant contradiction, as lawyer entails a lot of cheating, while another person from a different society will see nothing bad in it. This is an aspect that will lead to differed undertakings from the two subje