ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The fact that particular social groups disapprove of the flows of immigrants coming to their country is undoubted. The major argument of anti-immigration appeals resides in the assumption that newcomers deprive the locals of the workplaces and have a negative impact on the level of wages in the job market. The question, consequently, arises whether such presumptions are justified or should be referred to the ungrounded prejudices. On the one hand, it is hard to deny the fact that immigrants influence the economic environment of the country they try to integrate into. Thus, statistic shows that the level of wages in the unskilled labor field has decreased in the USA due to the immigration factor. The new coming residents agree to work for fewer amounts than the locals, thereby entire sectors of employment such as farming, crafting and repairing are, to a large extent, occupied by foreigners. Employers eagerly hire immigrants because of the cost-effective advantage of the latter. From this perspective, the complaints of the native inhabitants seem to be reasonable. Another matter of concern is the negative fiscal impact that immigrants are considered to have on the local residents. According to the specialists’ research, the fiscal burden per native might vary from $166 to $266 in the states that show a high density of immigrants’ population. As a result, one might presume that immigration has a negative influence on the American economy both on the state and the federal levels. In the meantime, one has reasons to assume that the extent of the impact that immigration has on the US economy is exaggerated. First, and foremost, it is essential to note that the local economy is too large and developed to suffer any significant harm from the immigrants’ stream. Furthermore, one should consider the fact that immigrants’ influence is likely to be experienced by the locals only in those regions the population of which is mainly comprised of foreigners. Hence, whereas the residents of such cities as New York and Los Angeles might have some grounds for concern, the inhabitants of the majority of the US states are less susceptible to the immigration impact. As to the unauthorized immigrants that enter the country, this group of newcomers is unlikely to increase the level of competitiveness in the job market. Reliable employers unwillingly take the r
The international Red Cross Committee estimated that over 3.8 million people lost their lives in a decade-long war in D.R. Congo due to starvation or disease alone (IHL 1). In addition, millions of people have become internally displaced persons, while some are fleeing the fighting by crossing borders to the neighboring countries. The war mostly concentrated in the Eastern Congo has mainly affected women and children due to their high nature of vulnerability. The physical assault on women has led to enormous distress, posing a challenge to the traditional relief system by the aid agencies that principally concentrated on rescue missions and material support without taking into consideration the psychological challenges women face (IHL 2). The project will therefore concentrate on empowering women victims with distress management skills. Stakeholders Analysis Even though war and violence affect all in a society, the impact on different gender groups is varied in degree. In the D.C Congo, just like other war-torn countries, women have borne the brunt of war due to their susceptibility to rape and torture, and even killings. They also experience deprived basic resources for livelihood, increased family responsibility, detention, displacements, and the resultant psychological distress (ICRC 2). It is, therefore, necessary to develop coping skills that would enable them to manage the general psychological torture. To ensure sustainability, the project will involve volunteers who are drawn locally at the community level in the affected region (Eastern Congo). The volunteers will undergo social and psychological training that would equip them with the appropriate skills required to carry out the duty of counseling the project target victims on survival and individual trauma/ distress management techniques. This is expected to help achieve project goals and objectives. Logical framework The overall goal of the project is to empower the women to achieve psychological distress management skills in the conflict-ravaged D.R Congo through counseling during and after the conflicts. This is expe
Profile Dubai Refreshments Company (DRC) was established in 1959 in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) refreshment industry. The firm is headquartered at Dubai in the UAE. Initially, the firm operated as a limited liability company. However, it was later restructured into a Public Shareholding Company in 1994 (Dubai Refreshments 2013). Over the years, the firm has managed to attain an optimal market position in the UAE. Its operations entail production, canning, bottling, and distribution of different soft drinks and beverage products. Some of the branded soft drink products that the firm deals with include Pepsi Diet, Mirinda Green Apple, Mirinda Citrus, Pepsi Max, Mirinda Vit C, 7up Free, Pepsi, Shani, and Mountain Dew. The firm also markets different evervess brands [non-carbonated soft drinks], which include Lipton Ice and Lipton Ice Tea. The firm also deals with different brands of drinking water under the Aquafina brand name. Mission and vision statement DRC’s intends to position itself as the leading beverage company in the Gulf region. In a bid to achieve this mission, the firm is focused at developing a strong human capital, effective tools, and solid systems. Objectives DRC intends to achieve the following objectives in the course of its operation.  1. To position itself as the market leader in the UAE soft drink industry. The firm intends to achieve this objective by investing in market growth strategies.  2. To supply customers in the UAE with safe, healthy, and high quality soft drinks and beverages  3. To develop a strong relationship amongst its clients and the employees Strategies The success of businesses is dependent on the type and quality of strategies that an organisation has implemented. An organisation can adopt three main levels of strategies and they include corporate, business, and functional level strategies. Dubai Refreshments has integrated the three levels of strategies as illustrated herein. Corporate-level strategies Corporate level strategies are aimed at developing a comprehensive definition of the business undertakings of an organisation. The corporate strategies are formulated in such a way that they contribute towards the improvement of the product lines and the business units of an organisation (Goold et al., 1994). An organisation can adopt a number of corporate level strategies and some of these strategies include formation of mergers and acquisitions, creation of new business units, establishment of new plants or product lines, divesting some business units, and formation of joint ventures. In the course of its operation, Dubai Refreshment Company has incorporated a number of corporate level strategies. One of these strategies includes the formation of merger and acquisition. In 2003, the firm acquired 7 Up from the National Refreshment Company. The firm incur
According to the concepts introduced by Martin Buber, I cannot be regarded as a separate, self-sufficient notion. Rather, it can exist either as a part of “ I-It ” and “ I-Thou ”. While considering the concept of “ I-It ”, specific attention should be paid to the perception of the self through It unless a person is not involved in relation with another thing or object. The existential philosopher makes an interesting explanation of I-It interaction while contemplating the tree. An individual can image tree; he/she can also sense its movement, as well as internal process within a tree. All these perceptions are confined to It until an individual is involved in relation with the tree. At this stage, the I concept is closely tied to Thou. Therefore, referring to “ I-Thou ” concept means endowing the three with symbolic and emotional meaning (Buber 2002). It implies associating different spiritual values with the tree, which is another spatial dimension perceived by an individual. For Buber, “ I-Thou ” is compared to dialogue because an individual associates a set of particular values, feelings and senses with Thou or You . Buber refers to this duality as to the entity that cannot exist separately from each other. In contrast, Sartre also presents his own outlook on perceiving the self and identity, but in a different way. In particular, the French philosopher is more concerned with the dynamic of other as an ontological dimension of the individual’s self. Therefore, his conception of self is confined to apprehension and objectification. Second distinction between Buber and Sartre’s concepts consists in directness of relations between the self and its dimensions. In particular, Buber insists on the idea of direction connection between I and Thou and, therefore, an a person sais I , he/she always implies Thou (Buber 1958). Sartre’s ideas are different: the concept of other is always in conflict with the self. It implies the possibility of placing the self in different conditions. Thus, a person avoids embracing his/her subjectivity and identifies him/herself with ‘look’ for the other. Because of the rejection of the serf as an object, a conflict arises, which contradicts the theory of Buber who believes that I and Thou could not conflict because I reflects Thou and vice versa. More importantly, I can affect Thou and Thou can influence I . Because the relational dialogue is often represented as a love dialogue according to Martin Buber, people often relate to other people not because they constitute objects, but because they are spoken (Buber 1966). In contrast to “ I-It ” concept according to which people are bound by being to others, “ I-Thou ” concept represents the spoken relationship between individuals (Buber 1966). This kind of response contradicts the conception of Sartre’s being for oth
In every industry, competition if forcing companies to evolve and discard old practices. Firms must now conduct research to identify the specific needs of customers in order to develop products that best satisfy the needs. Market orientation recognizes that the customer is the most important person for any business. Companies must make products tailor-made to satisfy customers’ needs. Avon employs a multi-faceted marketing orientation. This paper will demonstrate that effective market orientation has contributed to the company’s success. Internationally, Avon decentralized its operations to empower managers make decision to develop and sell products tailored for the local customers (Cherunilam, 2010). In Brazil, for instance, country managers have opted to concentrate on sunscreen and moisturizer. In Asia, a large market population has a proclivity for creams that make the skin lighter. European country managers have opted for fragrances and personal care products while those in South America have gone for health products. Avon has allowed Japan to employ technology that produces skin-hydrating creams. Through market research, the company has realized that Asian countries like Thailand prefer beauty products from foreign companies. Avon has capitalized on culturally based behavior to penetrate such markets. Avon depends more on its foreign operations than on its U.S. operations for various reasons. Through market intelligence, the company forecasted that America’s market is likely to stagnate (Daniels, Radebaugh & Sullivan, 2010). The many cosmetics and fragrance companies had saturated the market making competition very stiff. This necessitates rigorous advertising and lowering prices in order to win and retain customers. The resultant effect is increased cost of production and hence decreased profits. Avon therefore sought to avoid competition at home by venturing into untapped international market. Additionally, the company’s sales approach favors a global market more than the local market. Avon relies on direct sales to reduce the cost of advertising and number of employees, and therefore lower prices for customers. In U.S., the company depended on part-time women to sell to their friends. With an increasing number of women taking up full time jobs, direct sales became infeasible for Avon. In contrast, women in developing nations still find it difficult to access cosmetics because of poor infrastructure. Avon’s direct sales strategy is their only means to access beauty products. Several socioeconomic and demographic changes could affect Avon. The first change is increase or decrease in disposable income. If more people have little disposable income, Avon will be compelled to produce products tailored for this
The word identity is derived from the Latin “idem,” which translates to ‘the same’ but what if identities are ever-changing, and how does one discover and construct an identity? Notably, the dynamic nature of identity has been circulating in philosophical discourses, far longer in philosophy than psychology. Identity is never a priority or a completed product; it is only an ambiguous development of accessing an image of totality and belonging. The debate on identity is a complex subject that attracts divisions from different fragments of societies worldwide. Although some people assert that identities are static, it is ideal to explore the variables that define the dynamism of identity, including collectivism, learning, culture, and possible self-concept. The opponents of these philosophical backgrounds may argue that identity does not rely on the entirety of culture but an individualistic approach to conscience. Some of the easy ways they postulate are to envisage thought experiments and perceptions about different organisms in an ecosystem. Indeed what the brain conceive becomes the epitome of one’s ideological foundation in any set of environment. Such a notion negates the value of stagnant attributes of personality in a system as narrated by Hofstede (10 minutes with, 2014). Some people will consider language as the defining variable, while others will consider cultural heritage, religion, nationality, or self as the key aspects. In essence, such dynamics would still prompt the question of plurality in cognitive competence among individuals. Therefore, it is important to understand the global differences in how people characterize themselves and align to a particular entity. First, collectivism versus individualism is a primary determinant of identity approaches. By focusing on uniqueness of a society, we may define populations as either individualist or collectivist societies. Geert Hofstede in “10 minutes with Geert Hofstede on Individualism versus Collectivism” provides a comprehensive understanding of the principles of each type of identity. On the one hand, collectivist societies consider themselves as a group with common attributes and exclusive traits, also known as communities or clans. Here, the relationship or ties come as the first principle for the population. Hofstede further asserts that communal identities are binding and portray exclusionary values. These groups of people understand common values and treat members as families or units. These notions have been propelled by several races to advance their position in global space. The African Americans, for instance, identify themselves as the black community or people of color. Consequently, they collectively engage in fighting for human rights and equality in societies as a combined force. On the other hand, individualistic communities tend to be multi-cultured because the bonds between are loose; each personality considers their value as an individual at the expense of common good of the people. One of the outstanding attributes of this type of existence is the continued self-competition that often results in productivity. Second, self-conce
Introduction “Civilization refers to the change in the social behavior especially about their culture, religion and politics,” (Huntington, p12). Society today is comprised of different groupings and each group has its own accorded ways of civilization in their way of living. Most groups in society are differentiated by their language, religion, history among other cultural characteristics. Over time, the cultural attributes of every group within our society will keep changing. This can be attributed to the ever-changing technology which modifies people’s way of thinking and thus the way people live. Accommodating such change may be faced with a lot of resistance by the older generations in the cultural context and this results in a lot of conflict between individuals and groups within the society. Such conflict is what has been referred to as civil conflict. This refers to the conflict that is present in our society as a result of the changes that are ever-evolving in our cultural norms. This paper analyses the question of whether society can avoid such conflicts that evolve as a result of civilization. Modern society The world today has been affected by the changes in technology which has modernized every aspect of life. People have become civilized in their way of living by making considerable changes within their lifestyles. Society has transformed in the way they used to dress, eat, worship, and learn among other aspects of living. Most societies have adopted the western style of living. This has resulted in a lot of conflict with the traditional ways of living. “The evolving changes in our culture are not easily assimilated into the traditional way of living,” (Huntington, p26). The older generations find it difficult to adapt to the modern way of living and they strive to maintain their traditions and culture. This, therefore, means that the modern generation will always conflict with the older generation in the way things should be done within society. Divisions between different groupings within the society cannot fail to
Introduction Conducting a research project involves a series of stages, each of which presents the researcher with a better understanding of the topic and the implications of the study. In the initial stage, it is crucial to conceptualize the research study. This process incorporates coming up with a hypothesis and establishing research methods as well as explaining the level and direction of analysis to be performed as part of the project. It is also necessary to identify the nature of the research at this stage. Thus, the present paper will address all these issues and provide insight into the project under discussion. The Subject of Research In the light of current events taking place in the United States and impacting people in other parts of the world, I think that it is a good idea to investigate the question of social justice and the ways it is maintained in social networks. However, I realize that this issue is too broad; thus, it is necessary to narrow the intended area of concentration in order to be able to conduct a thorough study. Taking into consideration the popularity of social network websites, I decided to focus on one favored by a majority of users both in the United States and in other countries. Thus, I narrowed my research subject to the issue of whether Facebook is an appropriate platform for social justice. While some authors believe that Facebook can perform the function of a social justice platform (Copley; Siegman), others consider it an insufficient means of coordinating social movements (MacLellan). I would like to analyze the sources defending or opposing Facebook’s role as a social platform in people’s lives and make a conclusion about this issue. Research Hypothesis The hypothesis in a research study is the core statement that is about to be tested (Babbie 46–47). In my research, I want to check whether being Facebook users impacts people’s understanding of social justice and has the power to involve people in social movements. At this point, I am inclined to think that Facebook is an appropriate platform for social justice. Therefore, the hypothesis of this research is: “People using Facebook are more likely to get involved in social justice movements than those who do not use this social network.” During this research, I will gather data and analyze literature that will enable me to prove or disprove the hypothesis. Research Methods There are two major types of methods employed in social research: qualitative and quantitative (Bryman 16–17). Additionally, a researcher may choose to combine both approaches and use a mixed-method design. The current study seems to lend itself to the use of qualitative methods. In this kind of research, people’s opinions about some social issues are taken into consideration rather than statistical data. Moreover, qualitative methods allow the researcher to provide deeper insight into some social issues. Thus, this approach is the most suitable for the project under discussion. I want to investigate how a social phenomenon (using Facebook) impacts people’s opinions about some issues (social movements) a
Introduction The aim of any kind of business is to make profit. Companies do the best that they can in order to realize the best results. They try to minimize their production costs in order to be able to present the minimum price possible for their products in the market. Nevertheless, they encounter problems here and there that finally increase their costs and hence they raise the prices. As a result, they fail to meet the target of their sales, as consumers tend to compare prices of related goods in the market and rest on the cheaper ones. First mover companies may seize the opportunity to maximize their sales before other companies come on board but if their commodities are expensive, they do not make enormous sales. The fact remains that, consumers do not frequently buy expensive goods given that people do not have equal potential financially (Miller & Stafford 2010). Therefore, any company or organization that seeks to make profit should apply tangible strategies to ensure a maximum growth. T his can be achieved through trying as much as possible to minimize the costs of production in order to make wonderful profits. In addition to that, they should be innovative and produce goods and services that are of reasonable standards. They should be in a position to compete with other companies producing similar products. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the problems affecting the Oz Company, which specializes in the production of clothing products to be able to compete with other companies producing similar goods. It is located in Australia, a country where people have high tastes for different types of clothes. The company is almost grounding since it is facing stiff competition from Chinese companies producing similar products. The products of these companies have found their way into the country, and have posed a great threat to the existence of the local companies producing similar goods. Their clothes are of high quality and they come at a cheaper price compared to other similar but local goods. This makes consumers to run for them knowing that by doing so, they are grounding the local companies producing the same. Any given company must consider coming to the level of the consumers in terms of price in order to make tremendous sales (Miller & Stafford 2010). Direction/ Objectives The objective of this paper is present tangible solutions to the problems affecting this company. By the end of it all, it will be in a position to act in the right way, which will bring about consistent growth. By pointing out the problems that affect the company, solutions can be taken to ensure that they do not persist. Therefore, the company will be able to produce high quality clothes, which will stand the existing competition in the market. The paper focuses on making the management of the company understand that the proper strategies should be taken in order for the business to prosper. A large amount of capital should be employed; the workers should be fairly treated to maintain them and ensure that they do their work to their level best (Jackson, Schuler & Werner 2011).