ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Sherman Act   * The Sherman Act is a part of Antitrust Act;   * The Act offers criminal sanctions on individuals who undertake contracts or engage in any forms of conspiracy in restraint of commerce (American Bar Association, 2002). A plaintiff must demonstrate that:   * A party was engaged in a conspiracy;   * The conspiracy resulted or potentially resulted in an unreasonable restraint of trade or commerce;   * The restrained trade or commerce was interstate in nature. In a criminal antitrust case prosecution, the prosecutor must prove that the defendant:   * Intended to restrain commerce;   * Acted with knowledge of the apparent consequences of their actions (American Bar Association, 2002). The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act   * The Act covers the Internet or computer fraud. A defendant must have used a computer and/or the Internet to:   * Commit theft.   * Cause damage to computers with viruses.   * Deprive citizens or financial institutions of money or services. The government must prove the following:   * Access to confidential federal information   * Access to information pertaining to financial records of financial institutions and consumer reporting agencies.   * Access to any computer of the US departments or agencies affected the government’s operations with such computers.   * Access to a protected computer without permission.   * Exceeding authorized access levels with the intent to defraud and obtain anything of value.   * Access to a protected computer with the intent to cause damage to the computer.   * Trafficking passwords or other data to allow unauthorized access.   * It entails extortion and threats to cause damage to a protected computer via transmission in Interstate or foreign commerce.   * If found guilty of the felony, the offender may get up to 20 years of a jail term and fined up to $250,000 (The Law Office of Bradley S. Sandler, 2012). The Comprehensive Crime Control Act   * The Act aims to deter bank fraud.   * The objective of the suspect is to achieve a desired result by deception, trickery, concealment and/or dishonesty.   * The prosecutor must prove that the accused intended to defraud a financial institution federally insured by the United States Government. The prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that:   * The accused knowingly committed or attempted to execute a scheme or plan by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises;   * The accused acted with the specific intent to defraud;   * False pretenses, representations or promises that the accused made were material.   * T
Evaluation of the Art Object To begin with, it is necessary to state that the current paper is a 2D Art Report as it considers a piece of painting viewed at the web site discussed further. The art object chosen for this report is the painting titled “The Shadows of Katrina”. The author of this painting is an Indonesian artist Machyar Gleunta, who lives in the United S
Gilgamesh’s and his relation with mother In the epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh’s mother Ninsun is said to be a goddess who marries Lugalbanda to create Gilgamesh. Ninsun is depicted as a bold and cunning woman in the epic. Gilgamesh is found to have close relationship with his mother. An example of this closeness is when he asks his mother to find the meaning of the dream which he had and Ninsun’s reply to it. Ninsun is a woman of intelligence and determination and is ready to do everything within her power to protect her son. This adds to Gilgamesh’s strength. She summons the sun god Shamash to protect her son’s life in every walks of his life. She declares Enkidu as her adopted son in order to give maximum protection to her son. Similar is the story of Achilles and his mother in which Thetis, Achilles’ mother does everything to protect his son when a prophecy is made that Troy cannot be captured without Achilles. Thetis knows that if he goes to Troy he would not return. There are numerous accounts of Thetis’s attempt to make her boy immortal including dipping her baby boy in river Styx. Odysseus’s mother Anticlea has divine legacy also. The strength of the relation between Anticlea and Odysseus is depicted in the story where Anticlea discloses that she died of grief because Odysseus was away at war. The Gilgamesh accounts of the flood, comparison with the Old testament version Both the flood in Gilgamesh’s epic and the genesis were meant to destroy the entire living beings. But in Gilgamesh’s epic it was a result of the fights between gods and their wickedness whereas the flood account in genesis was because humans and living beings were becoming numerous and noisy. The onset of both floods were informed in advance to a man, Utanapishtim in Gilgamesh’s epic and Noah in Genesis. Both of them organized each pair of entire living beings into a big ship built by them. Noah’s ship wa
The aim of Yoga is to unite the body, mind and the spirit. The mind and the body are one and if taken to the right environment and given the right tools, it can find harmony and heal itself. Therefore, Yoga is considered therapeutic; it helps a person become more aware of the body’s alignment, patterns and posture. Yoga helps a person body to relax and become more flexible even in the midst of stress stricken surroundings. In essence, Yoga helps a person to be more energetic, happier, fitter and more peaceful. Yoga has been practiced all over the world for thousands of years with proven positive results. Physical and mental therapies are the two most important aspects of yoga. The aging process can be slowed down by practicing yoga, as the body is kept well lubricated and more flexible hence slowing catabolic cell process which leads to autointoxication also commonly referred to as self-poisoning. A combined practice of Pranayama, Yogasanas and Meditation helps reap maximum benefits of Yoga. Effects of ailments such as diabetes, arthritis, blood pressure, chronic fatigue, digestive disorder, heart conditions and asthma can be slowed down by regular practice of Yoga. Recent researches on the effects of yoga on the life of people suffering from HIV have given very positive result and it is hoped that Yoga will complement other medication in handling the effects of HIV. Yoga therapy is very successful as it creates a balance in the endocrine and nervous system, which in turn influences directly all the other systems and body organs. In this case, Yoga acts as curative and preventive therapy. Attainment of relaxed state of living, improved concentration, mental balance and harmony in relationship is achieved though practice of Yoga. Yoga has three main benefits, namely;   * Physiological Benefits   * Psychological benefits   * Spiritual benefits Physiological Benefits Yoga relieves symptoms of several common severe and life threatening illnesses such as chronic fatigue, arthritis, AIDS, asthma, diabetes and obesity. In India for example, extensive research have shown that Yoga greatly improve asthma. Besides, Asthma attacks can only be prevented and reduced by practicing yoga without necessary taking drugs. Improved abilities to concentrate on the three aspects of yoga and practice of simple postures make asthma treatment more effective, besides reducing anxiety. There is consensus among doctors and health advisors all over the world, regular practice of yoga helps patients, by enabling them to gain access to their own internal experience and increased self awareness. Those patients who practice Yoga have far better chances of controlling breathing and respiratory problems through Yogic breathing exercises without necessary seeking medical assistance. The exercise and relaxation components of yoga play major roles in treatment, management and prevention of high blood pressure. Yogic breathing combined with biofeedback and relaxation techniques lower blood pressure and reduce dependent on medication for people suffering from high blood pressure. Yoga help to reduce pain by enabling the pain
Introduction The release of harmful substances in the atmosphere is a major concern among both the science community and policymakers. Evaluating the quality of the air and understanding the long-term effects of pollutants on the environment and human health is crucial to developing adequate planning and response to mitigate toxic effects. Dispersion modeling has emerged as a reliable methodology to assess the consequences of the discharge of gases, aerosols, and particles from industrial plants, vehicular transportation, and unpredictable events, such as terroristic attacks or involuntary chemicals releases. These analytic models are complex simulations aimed at estimating the long-term, annual or seasonal impacts of noxious substances in limited and ideal situations. Particularly, the adverse impact of particulate matter discharges from traffic vehicles in polluted urban environments has urged the competent authorities to strengthen research. Research (Pey et al. , 2009) shows that the emissions caused by transports alone, powered either by gasoline or diesel engines, constitute 90% of global particle number (ToN) concentrations. Other common emissions sources include power plants (Li et al. , 2009), dismantling of old buildings (Hansen et al., 2008), airports (Hu et al. , 2009), the release of rubber and asphalt particles due to traffic (Dahl et al. , 2006), atmospheric formation depending on precursor compounds (Holmes, 2007), pollutants from biofuel residues (Kumar, Robins and ApSimon, 2010), as well as emerging manufacturing processes, such as the production of nanomaterials (Kumar, Fennell and Robins, 2010). From the perspective of this research, the locution urban environment refers to a specific setting characterized by a dense network of roads and the presence of various obstacles, which favor high concentrations of pollutants. Compared to unobstructed locations, the level of noxious substances within an urban environment can be several times higher. It depends on several factors, including the geographical location, shapes and size of building defining the street, flow of discharges from neighbouring streets, turbulence caused by airflows, characteristics and volume of the vehicular traffic and meteorological conditions (Kumar, Fennell and Britter, 2008; Kumar et al. , 2009). It is essential to highlight how real-time estimations that cover a significant part of the urban environment are almost impossible. Due to the nature of the typical city texture, practical and technical limitations hinder consistent measurements (Kumar et al. , under review). Hen
Introduction Investing in today’s market is increasingly becoming difficult. This is because of the general economic recession that the whole world is facing. The recession has had a direct impact on the stock market. The reason that would make me not invest 100K in the stock market is the current prediction on economic growth. Though we are experiencing an upward trend in the USA, it still cannot be predicted if it will keep moving upwards beyond 2010. Main text There are several reasons for this. The fallen house prices hit hard on consumer spending. This has blocked out giving mortgages again to earn extra capital to spend. The falling house prices have removed consumer confidence. The housing business has been the largest form of wealth. Now that it is not doing well, it has caused an adverse financial effect on most households. As we have said that housing business has been the biggest form of wealth, its retardation affects the economy directly. Mortgage lenders have given up this business because of many defaulters. This has made other financial markets have a negative attitude towards risking. Banks and stock markets have been reluctant to lend when terms are not straightforward. A recent prediction shows that the trends of state revenue are falling. Chet says that the state general fund revenue is likely to fall by as much as $38 million in the budget year that begins in July (Chet, 2009). This is mainly speaking about a budget deficit in the government. Consequently, the interest on treasury bonds rises to attract investors to buy them. This will force the government to look for extra money
Circus is a Soviet melodramatic comedy, a musical film directed by Grigori Aleksandrov in 1936. Taking into consideration the ideology of the USSR, it is not difficult to understand that this work aims to represent the positive sides of the country to dispel negative myths about it. As a mother of a Black child, Marion Dixon may become a victim of racial prejudice and discrimination defined as a main social issue of the United States (Magnúsdóttir 6). In the film, the capitalist society is depicted as a prison where people are forced to hide their individuality and identity. At the same time, in the film, the Soviet Union is a country where culturally diverse people of different nationalities live all together peacefully, and Marion’s “racial crime” does not bother anyone. Franz fon Kneishiz, the director of Mary’s circus show, who was jealous of her success probably represents Adolf Hitler or Germany. This country’s fascist ideology was opposite to the Soviet one, and racial issues were highly crucial there in the 1930s, as well. However, regardless of propaganda typical for the Soviet cinema, Circus addresses a highly essential idea that remains actual in the present day – the significance of equality, non-discrimination, friendship, and brotherhood. Another film that represents and praises Soviet ideology is Bright Way , another musical film directed also by Aleksandrov in 1940. It addresses the story of an illiterate village young woman who achieves considerable success due to” the right combination of talent, hard work, assertiveness, politically correct ideas, and an unshakable faith in a bright future” (Iordanova). In general, these traits were especially valued within Soviet ideology. However, the main idea of this film related to the significance of labor and people’s responsibility for their happiness and success may be regarded as relevant for any nation. Works Cited Iordanova, Dina. “Lyubov Orlova: Stalinism’s Shining Star.” Senses of Cinema. Magnúsdóttir, Rósa. Enemy Number One: The United States of America in Soviet Ideology and Propaganda, 1945-1959 . Oxford University Press, 2019.
Introduction Banks may be exposed to various external and internal risks. Some of them can be explained by lack of safety procedures and poor planning, while others can be attributed to the changes in economic and political environment 1 . This paper is aimed discussing such issues as the fluctuations of the exchange rate, loan delinquency, default, mismatched funds, interest rate risk, and the changes in political and social culture of the country in which a bank operates. Each of these events can have a profound impact on these organizations. Yet, the management of banks can either avert such problems or at least minimize their impact. Delinquency Risk One of issues that the management of banks should be aware of is the delinquency risk. Such a situation can occur when the loans issued by these institutions are not repaid on time; for instance, growing unemployment can increase the delinquency risk. Usually, banks attempt to insure themselves against such a risk by asking for a mortgage that can be taken from a borrower. The management may assume that this asset that will not lose its value and the bank can claim the mortgage if the borrower defaults on payment. The economic crisis which broke out in 2008 indicates that delinquency risk can have catastrophic effects on banks. These institutions gave loans to many people who could not repay this money. They believed that housing which they took as a mortgage will not decline in its value 2 . However, the price of housing did begin to decline because the number of foreclosures increased, and the value of houses dropped. Therefore, banks could no longer return their money 3 . This is the danger of the delinquency risk. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the ability of a borrower to repay the loan. Settlement Risk Another type of danger that should be discussed is settlement risk. It can be mostly explained by the failure of one party to deliver either security or cash after trade agreement. Sometimes such a problem can arise because partners can operate in different zones. Usually, the failure of one partner to fulfill its obligations can threaten short-term liquidity of the bank because this institution will have unsecured assets, and it may not be able to make payments to other parties. The banks safeguard themselves against such a risk by using the services of clearing houses 4 which make sure that every partner follows the terms of the agreement. Only when the assets and cash are exchanged, the transaction is considered to be valid. Moreover, banks can develop a transaction system that enables simultaneous exchange of asset and payments 5 . These are the main precautions that banker
Joseph Conrad, the author of the novel Heart of Darkness, used a lot of metaphors and symbolism to describe the conflict between black and white people. The novel is concentrated on the critique of the colonialism in Africa. Joseph creates the leading character Marlow as a narrator. He tells us about his memories and explains the problem between Kurtz and him. The main idea of the novel is based on the determination of the roots of people evil, the impact of the surrounding environment on people attitude to the norms of ethics and moral as well as the understanding of the motives of people behavior under the difficult for survival circumstances. Since the novel is saturated with the literature art techniques, it helps the audience to process information easily and to become engaged imaginatively and emotionally. In the passage from the reading the author uses such phrases as “filch a little money”, “devour infamous cookery”, “gulp unwholesome beer”, and “dream insignificant and silly dreams” to describe the life of people in the city. Those phrases create many spaces for the audience imagination. While reading the paragraph, my personal imagination is giving me the feeling of darkness in the city as well as the images of the wretched people. The author describes their way of life, as though they are isolated from the developed world. The inhabitants live under the law of jungle. Indeed, it is the only way of survival for them. The author is trying to give us the feeling of “shuddering wonder”, while we are reading the description of the city, which is “the inconceivable world” with “no hope and no desire in it”. The metaphors used in the novel are aimed at emotional enhancement of the work, the creation of not only vision of the city in our minds but also making us to feel the distress of this place, its anguish and the irritating environment at the same time. The narrator describes local people as “intruders”, who irritate him with their primitive knowledge and desires. When reading the paragraph, we are deepening in thought of the emotional pressure, which this environment makes on the narrator. It is obvious that for a man from another part of the world, where the prevailing norms of ethics and moral contrasts to this primitive world, it is insufferably difficult to undergo the atmosphere in the city. In general, the novel Heart of Darkness is full of figurative sense scenes. The author gives us the opportunity to comprehend the meaning of the particular situation or description by ourselves. He makes us thinking. Besides, Conrad uses special literature techniques, which are intended to enrich the scenes with preteritions, which make the details of the description almost invisible to our minds. In my view, these literature techniques also exist in the analyzed paragraph, because the author does not describe the exact view of the city streets or look of people but rather he gives us their presumptive images through metaphors and epithets. In order to sum up all above mentioned, it should be said that the novel of Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness is the outst
Introduction It is clear that the world has continued to experience change from one generation to another generation. One obvious thing is that a lot has changed in the last one hundred years; the manner in which business was done in 1912 is completely different from how it is done today. At the end of the 19 th century and at the beginning of the 20 th century, there was introduction of new world systems that were clear with features and mechanisms that got manifested gradually. This process of manifestation occurred after the end of the Second World War and extended into the 21 st century through what is commonly known as globalization (Wild, Wild & Han, 2012, p. 26). It became the framework of influence, affecting the society at local, regional and international level. Additionally, the mechanisms of these systems were viewed to be dominant within the context of whatever that preceded the achievements of the international community in cultural, economic and political spheres. It is therefore evident that this approach had an array of implications including negative and positive results. This essay explores the concept of globalization with regard to its definition, history, contributing factors, current status and its overall impact on what has become a global village. Globalization Notably, globalization does not have a single definition. This is because of its complex nature that encompasses a wide range of thoughts, ideologies and contexts. Different people therefore developed the description of this phenomenon based on a particular set of prevailing factors. For instance, politicians, sociologists and economists have their own definitions that are based on an area of specialization. By the fact that a conventional definition of any term is imperative, globalization is generally described as the process of accelerating and intensifying integration and interaction, which exists between people, governments and businesses from different countries around the world (Wild, Wild & Han, 2012, p. 28). As a result of this definition, it is envisaged that globalization may open national borders and undermine the sovereignty of certain countries due to existing variation in economic stability and power. From the above definition of globalization, it is clear that the concept does not only revolve around international trade but it is coupled with several theories of anthropology, economics and politics among other fields. As it shall be discussed later in the essay, globalization has a significant impact in the world today. The History of the emergence of globalization Like several concepts in life, globalization cannot be considered to a new phenomenon in the world, as its history dates ba