ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Today, more than ever before, healthcare organizations are increasingly becoming dependent on computer-based systems to access critical patient data and provide treatment solutions remotely via virtual private networks (VPNs). Consequently, any kind of disruption targeting these information systems may occasion consequences ranging from inconvenience to catastrophe (Loch, Carr & Warkentin, 2002). But while research in both academia and industry has developed effective technological and software-based solutions to protect information systems against possible threats and attacks (Stajano & Wilson, 2011), only a handful of the articles found in various databases pay close attention to the physical aspect of information security (Huigang & Yajiong, 2010). This paper is devoted to outlining some of the fundamental steps that need to be considered for the physical security of computers used in an urgent care center to access patient data and their email system via a VPN. Stajano & Wilson (2011) note that effective countermeasures against security threats to information systems depend on first strengthening the human element to make users understand how they can naturally fall victim to fraudsters. This therefore implies that users, in this case physicians and other health practitioners, need to be exposed to some form of training on how they can use the system without compromising the security aspect of the network. For instance, system users could be exposed to formal training on how to discard used electronic media containing sensitive patient information through available techniques instead of leaving the information on the computer drives. Purging is one such technique that could be used by the practitioners to completely erase sensitive files which may have been deleted from the computer drives but not overwritten with other data (Walters, 2007). From a holistic security engineering standpoint, computers are often vulnerable to instances of theft and other possible attacks if the immediate physical environment is not secured (Stajano & Wilson, 2011). This therefore implies that doors leading to the computer rooms must not only be secure, but must be kept under lock and key and windows adequately grilled to curtail any occurrence of unauthorized access to the computer rooms (Walters, 2007). Indeed, many organizations have a policy that restricts entry to the computer and server rooms to authorized personnel, in most occasions a systems analyst or administrator. It should be noted that this aspect of physical security is fundamentally important since all the other factors are dependent on how safe the computer or server room is from possible attacks and illegal a
Outline   * Introduction   * Marketing Strategy   * Customer targets   * Marketing plan for the next 3-5- years   * 3 years projections   * 4 years projections   * 5 years projections   * Conclusion Introduction Woolworths’ hardware/white goods require effective marketing strategy to sustain a strong market position and market share. Different types of strategies allow companies to select the best approach to marketing and management. If the planning process has been faithfully followed, the strategies are obvious. They have been gradually realized by the intense and open discussions of all the other components of the plan. Marketing Strategy The proposed marketing strategy for Woolworths’ hardware/white goods is cost leadership. Cost leaders must maintain an acceptable level of satisfaction of buyer needs. Cost leadership is often in conflict with differentiation i.e. to achieve differentiation adds cost thereby removing the potential cost leadership advantage. Low cost is where the business manages its cost base to ensure that it is the lowest cost producer — thereby either winning a greater volume of business through lower prices than competitors can sustain and continue to be profitable, or charging comparable prices and therefore achieving a higher level of profitability. Customer targets Woolworths’ hardware/white goods will be based its strategy on a differentiation criterion. This allows Woolworths’ hardware/white goods to shift its focus to brand image and price reduction measures. This strategy will help Woolworths’ hardware/white goods to maintained high-speed growth through continuous optimization of its product mix. Degree of differentiation is not large, and home repair service should represent a market where competitors can differentiate their products and that is why have less rivalry. Rivalry will be reduced where customers have high switching costs – i.e. there is a significant cost associated with the decision to receive products from an alternative competitor. The majority of customers are people from 18-45+ years old who value personal relations and comfort. The majority of customers belong to middle and upper social classes with stable income. The family status will not have a grea
Article Summary The article “Digital Readers: The Next Chapter in E-Book Reading and Response” explains how digital technology can support the needs of many students. The number of digital readers (DRs) has increased tremendously. Such DRs can be effectively used in different classroom settings. Such technologies can advance e-book readership in many institutions. Such DRs will offer new opportunities for reading a wide range of e-books. More teachers are currently embracing the use of e-books and digital texts. The level of motivation “will increase when learners interact with different multimodal texts” (Larson, 16). Learners with reading difficulties will also improve their skills. These ideas are “supported by the transactional theory of reader response” (Larson 16). The other notable argument is that more students will interact successfully with different digital texts. Educationists should, therefore, embrace the use of modern technologies. According to the study, modern reading devices have the potential to promote new literacies. According to Larson (21), “digital readers can provide new possibilities for learner-engagement and interpretation of different texts.” This practice will eventually foster literacy development in every learning institution. Emotions Evoked by the Article This article has encouraged me to focus on the best learning outcomes. The author identifies the unique benefits of digital readers (DRs). The article has evoked new emotions in me. Many learners are not benefiting the most from modern technologies. Policymakers should ensure every institution embraces the use of DRs. This practice will improve the cognitive abilities of many learners. The process will “produce
The foremost idea that is being promoted throughout the course of Michael Walzer’s article The Case against Our Attack on Libya , is that, contrary to the assumption that it is specifically the protection of human rights and freedoms that represented the involved Western countries’ main agenda in Libya, this having not been the actual case. According to the author, it was not only that the Western support of these rebels did not help to prevent the humanitarian catastrophe in the region, but it in fact created objective preconditions for this catastrophe to assume dramatic proportions. Hence, Walzer’s suggestion that there is absolutely no rationale to believe that anything positive may ever come out of the military attack against Qaddafi forces. Kenneth Roth’s article Was the Iraq War a Humanitarian Intervention? does resonate with the one, mentioned earlier. In it, the author went about justifying his suggestion that, even though American governmental officials used to justify the America’s invasion of Iraq, as such that was concerned with achieving purely humanitarian objectives, it did not result in lessening the extent of the ordinary Iraqi citizens’ vulnerability to the violations of their human rights. In its turn, this provided Roth with the justification to conclude his article by suggesting that the U.S. invasion of Iraq could be referred to as anything, but the ‘humanitarian operation’. Mahmood Mamdani’s article Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish? can be well defined as another analytical piece, meant to expose the fallaciousness of the assumption that the pretext of ‘human rights protection’ justifies the violation of the independent countries’ national sovereignty. After all, as it was pointed out by the author, the idea that the protection of ‘human rights’ should account for the international law’s cornerstone, contradicts this law’s classical provisions, which are absolutely clear about the fact that there can be no good enough excuse for any third-parties to meddle in the internal affairs of independent countries. The Part 1 of the Gareth Evans’s book The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and for All is concerned with the discussion of how the concept of R2P (Responsibility to Protect) came into being. Throughout this particular part of his book, the author also provides readers with an insight, as to what he considers the major challenges, faced by the members of the international community, on the way of eliminating the possibility for the state-sponsored genocidal atrocities to take place in the future. As it appears from the book’s Part 1, it is specifically the fact that R2P is being inconsistent with the provisions of the 1648 Peace of Westphalia (which even today remains the foundation of an international law) that undermines the effectiveness of internationally enacted atrocity-prevention policies. There can be only a few doubts, as to the fact that the earlier menti
Facts and Figures Sony Corporation, one of the largest manufacturers of electronic products in Japan and worldwide, anticipates losses for the 2011-2012 fiscal year at $ 1 billion against the backdrop of strong yen, floods in Thailand, and declining sales in the US and Europe. The main business of Sony, the production of TVs and panels, has suffered losses for 4 years in a row. The reason for this is a decrease of customers’ interest in TVs and a fall in panel prices due to oversaturation of inventory stocks along with the growing competition with Korean Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics and Japanese Panasonic. In order to resist the losses, Sony announced the reorganization of its television business. Also, the corporation will take the additional efforts to turn its losses into profits by improving liquid-crystal display (LCD) panels’ efficiency. The article by Wakabayashi (2011) presents two figures regarding Sony’s profits and losses that are useful to understand its previous performance and predict further development. For example, one may observe that the net loss of Sony Corp., according to the results of the second quarter of 2011/12, amounted to 27 billion yen (about $ 350 million). According to the relevant data provided by Wakabayashi (2011), over the same period last year, the company registered the net profit of 31.1 billion yen (about $ 400 million). The sales of this Japanese manufacturer in the second quarter fell by 9.1 percent to 1.58 trillion yen ($ 20.45 billion) compared to 1.73 trillion yen ($ 22.14 billion) for the July-September period last year. Following the results of the current financial year, Sony Corp. predicts a net loss of 90 billion yen ($ 1.15 billion). The second figure, TV business operating profit / loss, focuses directly on the company’s operation since 2001. While the period from 2001 to 2004 may be characterized by the slight profits, the following years are marked by the growing losses. Therefore, it is possible to note a strong tendency of decline in Sony’s revenues from the TV industry. Structure of the market and strategy of the firms Speaking of the structure of the TV market, it is possible to mention a strong competition between such corporations as Sony, Samsung, LG, and Panasonic. Each of them experiences some losses in the identified market due to the global issues in the economy. However, it should be emphasized that some companies are more successful than others. For example, Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics were the pioneers in presenting LCD TVs, thus multiplying their profits and effectiveness on the market. In this connection, Sony was too late to succeed. In general, the mentioned companies tend to reorganize their manufactures to meet the customers’ expectations and anticipate them. The strategy of Sony is to restructure and procure LCD TVs by collaborating with the joint venture of Samsung. Accordingly, the latter considers it beneficial to take the coordinated actions with Sony. In addition, it becomes ev
Introduction According to World Bank resource analysts Ahmed, Huq, Koudstaal, Rahman, and Werners, human induced climate change has led to the rise of various metrological hazards such as rise in sea level, frequent droughts, increase in floods and coastal storms which seriously affect Bangladesh (Ahmed, Huq, Koudstaal, Rahman, and Werners 1999). According to Anwar Ali, a meteorologist working with the Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the country is prone to environmental hazards and experiences disasters almost annually leading to loss of life and property (Ali 1999, p 109). This also jeopardizes the country’s economic development (Ali 1999, p 109). Almost every sector of the economy is bound to be affected by the impacts of the global climate change (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change., 2007). According to environmentalists Canziani, Dokken, Leary, McCarthy and White, the magnitude of the impacts of climate change in Bangladesh is still uncertain although Bangladesh remains highly vulnerable to these impacts (Canziani, Dokken, Leary, McCarthy and White 2001). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Bangladesh is the most vulnerable to impacts of the global climatic change particularly from the rising sea level since it is located on the low altitude Bay of Bengal in the Ganges Delta (Ahmed et al. 1999). According to the Institute for Sustainable Environment in Oregon University in Pennsylvania, US, areas most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on Bangladesh are in the south and include areas like Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra deltas and are also densely populated (Institute for a Sustainable Environment 2005). These areas are prone to tropical cyclones, monsoon rainfall, floods as well as storm surges from the Indian Ocean (Angus, Hassani and Parris 2009, p. 2721). Impacts of Climate Change on the country’s Economic Sectors Bangladesh’s economy highly depends on agriculture as well as natural resources such as biodiversity, wildlife, forests, water, and land among many others which are also susceptible to impacts of climate change especially from the rise in sea level; and this implies that climate change is a threat to Bangladesh’s economic growth (Ahmed et al. 1999). According to Mahbub Hasan who is a research assistant working with the Coastal Development Partnership in Bangladesh, about 85% of the country’s rural population depends on agriculture either as small scale farmers or landless farmers (Hasan 2010). However, according to Hasan (2010) climate change has an enormous impact on the country’s food security. Increasing temperatures as well as rainfall unreliability influences the country’s food productivity (Hasan 2010). It also affects other economic sectors particular
National standard of care from a legal perspective definition is a parameter utilized as a benchmark for evaluating a doctor’s real work. This illustration is considered in a case concerning a medical malpractice. The doctor’s lawyer would insist on proof that activities by the doctor conformed to the expected standard of care. On the other end, it is expected that the complainant’s lawyers reveal what violation of the standard of care or the extent of negligence was committed by a doctor. From a legal perspective, the standard of care definition is based on the concept of “custom” in legal terms. National standards on a clinical perspective mean a formal process of diagnosing and treatment by a doctor, which usually follows. This particularly applies for a sick individual with a specified disease or exhibiting certain patterns of symptoms. The standards of care thus have to be in line with the guidelines that are considered by experts as most appropriate (Grol, 1990). Licensing of institutions, providers, and accreditation play an important role in quality control of healthcare. Licensing is regarded as a non-voluntary process whereby an agency or department in the government regulates the practices in a certain profession. Giving licenses to individuals in healthcare practice provides them with permission to participate in activities associated with healthcare. Licensing of nurses means that practicing nurses qualify with a given degree of competency that is expected of the nurses in their duty of ensuring that welfare, health status and safety of the patients are appropriately protected. Licensing is usually based on actions by legislative bodies that qualify individuals to practice nursing within a given local state or federal level. A licensing law legitimizes healthcare actions performed by individuals in engaging in the occupation depending on possession of a license in the healthcare profession. Nurses are usually licensed within the state so that they may work as registered nurses (RN) or Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN). Licensing usually aims at eliminating unqualified people to reduce unsafe performance. In licensing, tests are undertaken to gauge performance (Varkey et al., 2007). Accreditation, on the other hand, is different from the licensed RN/LPN testing in certification. This process usually judges and evaluates institutions, which offer healthcare instead of individuals. Many accreditation programs reveal a merit of institutions as opposed to only providing a guarantee regarding an individual’s safety. The process of nurses’ accreditation can be performed voluntary just like certification but in some cases it is not. Hence, accreditation is needed for such a healthcare institution that presupposes collecting Medicaid bills. Thus, as a process, accreditation evaluates the merits of agencies and institutions, as well as programs meant for educating people on health. In this case, accreditation of healthcare institutions ensures that they are granted with certificates. The licensing and certification
Introduction Television shows are very popular with children in the modern society. These shows have overtaken the outdoor games as a favorite leisure activity, especially among the children below twelve years. Games such as hide-and-seek, athletics, and football are not common among children in the current society. Those who live in urban centers have been more addicted to these shows. There has been a debate in the public domain about the real effect of television shows. While a section of the society argues that television shows are beneficial to children because they are educative, others feel that they have a negative influence on them. Each of the two factions has reasons, which support their opinions. Children are spending more time watching television shows than ever before despite this raging debate. In this argumentative paper, the researcher seeks to give reasons, which prove that television shows have serious negative influence on children. Discussion Exposure to some television shows promotes violence among children. Most of the shows, which are meant for children, contain violence, which may affect children negatively. In these shows, life is demonstrated as being full of physical wars that one must win in order to be considered a hero. At this early stage in life, children learn a lot from what they see and hear from their immediate environments. They watch movies where heroes kill villain violently in order to achieve victory. The victory they receive after committing such actions show that violence is cool. Children learn very fast and come to realize that the only way they can have their way is through violence. Most of the cartoons that are very popular among children below ten years also have violent actions that involve destruction of property and even killings. These children would grow up knowing that life is defined by physical force. This may not affect them only, but also people around them. Television shows have also been associated with risky behaviors, especially among young teenagers. It is not possible to control the channels that children can access in the house. In various cases, children end up watching shows, which are meant for adults. They are exposed to information that may corrupt their minds at very early stages. Given the fact that they are very curious and eager to learn, they may end up engaging in risky behaviors that may not be good for their own health. For instance, alcoholism among the adolescents has largely been blamed on shows, which present the habit as being cool. These children would then indulge in these habits seeking acceptance among their peers because of their desire to associate with the characters they see in these shows. In some cases, a child would try to imitate some of the habits they see in the characters at school. This increases cases of indiscipline at school. Television shows have had serious negative impacts on the physical health of many children. As mentioned before, children now spend most of their time watchi
Abraham Joshua Heschel was born in 1907 in Poland. He came from a Hasidic family that was extremely faithful to its religion. The podcast under analysis informs about different aspects of Heschel’s life and gives an objective account of his work and his attitude towards world religions and his own religion as such. It can be understood from The Spiritual Audacity of Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel that Heschel was a theologian and a philosopher who valued his life and who has written a variety of books in theology in which he expressed the brightest of his ideas. Above all, Abraham Heschel should be appreciated as a person who valued life. Throughout his life, Heschel fought for peace and equality, which can be proven by his fame as a provocative leader who fought against the war in Vietnam and eagerly expressed his negative opinion towards racial discrimination and interreligious discords. His philosophic attitude towards life can be expressed infamous words of his: “An individual dies when he ceases to be surprised. I am surprised every morning that I see the sunshine again” (The Spiritual Audacity). Thus, the life of this person was saturated with the most diverse events and he valued each of them equally strong and loved life despite all its difficulties and obstacles. Moreover, the work that Heschel has done during his life proves that he was a worthy person wishing to leave a trace in history. His ideas and beliefs are incorporated into numerous published work the most famous of which is God in Search of Man, The Prophets, The Sabbath, Man Is Not Alone, and many other. At this, The Prophets, a doctoral dissertation was life-changing for him. When writing this work, he has understood that “God needs us to help God make this world better” (The Spiritual Audacity) and this idea served as a starting point for many of his other works and contributed to his understanding of the world and religion. Therefore, Heschel’s work is valuable not only for the subsequent generations; he himself learned much from what he taught. Finally, one of the most interesting facts about Abraham Heschel is that he has not only been faithful to his beliefs and ideas throughout his life but behaved in corr