ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It is an important task for the authorities to identify the most problematic health issues among citizens. Surveys are one of the possible tools through which one can identify common or problematic points. Then, after analyzing the results, the authorities can conclude what measures to take to improve the situation. Polls serve as the most effective tool for this purpose since not all citizens go to the hospital for minor cases. Accordingly, it does not seem appropriate to make an analysis based on the hospital’s data, namely the number of visits for a specific reason. City of Lowell, Massachusetts, and the Covid-19 pandemic Covid-19 has affected the world’s healthcare system. The city of Lowell, Massachusetts, is one of many communities affected by the pandemic. The pandemic become a top priority health issue. The Healthy People 2030 program has some objectives, related to this issue. The most important objective is to increase the number of people, who receive vaccines. In November 2020, the report of death showed that 100,000 long-term facilities residents have died from Covid-19 in 18 states, among which was Massachusetts, from March to November. However, Long Term Care Covid-19 positive cases as a share of the overall state cases are 13%, which is more than double the national average of 6%. Moreover, there are 63% the long-term care Covid-19 deaths as a share of total statewide deaths, compared to the national average of 40% (Community Teamwork, 2021). One of the main problems associated with the pandemic is the restriction of movement, namely the ban on travel, business, and recreation. This led to economic problems since hotels, cafes, and restaurants ceased to be profitable.
Conflicts are an in-born portrayal of social reality because people persistently compete for resources and have different duties, ideas, and goals to other individuals in the community. Value conflict is one type of aspect that is very difficult to resolve. Values are like attitudes, and when people preserve them, they become part of their political and social identity, which are considered worth fighting. There are several sources for each value, and even though people share close ideas about right and wrong, they do not prioritize them the same way. This task will focus on Sinclair college students who held a walkout to respond to value conflict between them and their speaker on their campus. Peter LaBarbera was invited to talk about homosexuality to Sinclair College students. He emphasized the importance of dialogue and reminded them that the hypocritical left-wing was blamable of intolerance in keeping voices like his silent. After these words, many students found a reason to leave; they stood up and begun walking out. In his view, these learners leaving the room were immaturely not accommodating other people’s ideas. According to LaBarbera, listening to the viewpoint of others would help characterize an individual and give them a chance to decide for themselves (Woolley, 2019). Students, on the other hand, had reasons for walking out. They had been waiting for the speaker’s arrival, only for him to give a gay-bully speech. Some learners, being gay, were offended and could not take the anti-gay talk anymore. In my opinion, sexuality is a natural aspect, and society should respect it (Woolley, 2019). Ignorance can hinder opportunities, as explained by LaBarbera when she claims that the founder couple of Saskatchewan Pro-life Association in Canada were petitioning for his turn away at the border. Finally, each person has their own divergent views and opinion about life, but it is only fair that everyone should learn how to accommodate and appreciate each other. Reference Woolley, S. Web.
The legal area in some aspects covers all professional areas. The elements of legal language are found in the texts of contracts, instructions, certificates, and other texts of general use that translators have to deal with in their professional activities. Acquaintance with the peculiarities of legal translation is necessary for the competent transfer of elements of a legal text from language to language (Baaij, 2018). It should not violate the existing correspondences between the legal systems of the countries of the source and target languages. This paper discusses the problems of translating complex sentences in legal texts from to English. The main difficulties in translating legal texts are associated, as a rule, with the interpretation of professional legal terminology. The interpretation of terms and legal concepts in a particular system of law is one of the main difficulties for novice translators (Baaij, 2018). The existing bilingual dictionaries of legal terms cannot solve the translation problem since different contexts require knowledge of which translation option to choose in each specific case (Baaij, 2018). A translator can overcome these difficulties in the course of consultation and even joint work with legal experts. It is also important to refer to a large volume of authentic documents, where the desired terminology is found to clarify the linguistic environment of the term and its compatibility. Legal terminology is one of the most difficult and demanded areas in which a scientific understanding of the theory and practice of searching for interlanguage matches is necessary. However, the translation of legal texts is not limited to the translation of terms. There are other issues that any translator must pay attention to. Among the dominant systemic signs of a legal text, one can single out the variety of syntactic structures and types of logical connections (Kanapala, et al., 2019). Legal texts are characterized by the predominance of structures with the meaning of conditions and causes, an abundance of homogeneous members of a sentence, and homogeneous clauses. In translation, all the rules of formal logic when constructing structures must be observed. The task of conveying information as fully as possible is associated with such a sign of a legal text as the absence of abbreviations, shortenings, and digital designations. Compressiveness is not characteristic of a legal text, even numbers are usually conveyed in words (Kanapala, et al., 2019). The legal language is also characterized by the reliability of grammatical constructions, excluding ambiguity. The need to fully and unambiguously express each position, avoiding ambiguous interpretations, leads to an abundance of homogeneous members of the sentence and homogeneous clauses (Baaij, 2018). Thus, the variety of syntactic structures should be subordinated to the feature of linguistic clarity of expression in all legal documents. Legal discourse is characterized by complex sentences, parts of which are united by the punctuation mark semicolon. The length of such prepositions may exceed 400 characters;
Introduction In the 21 st century, there has been a rampant increase in the volume of trade globally. As a result, there has been the emergence of new trends in the business environment that require to be addressed. These trends impact both the consumers and the business firms. One of these issues relates to ethics. For the global business environment to be conducive, firms must adopt common business ethics standards. According to Iraj (n.d, p. 1), adopting ethical behavior in the process of a firm’s operation can result in a firm’s success in the global market. The discussion of this paper is to illustrate how ethical behavior can result in a firm’s success in the global market and hence an increase in the firm’s level of profits. Effective production process Firms should be ethical in their production or manufacturing process. The management should ensure that its products are safe for consumption. To attain this, the management of the firm should ensure that there is a well-set code of conduct at the workplace. Efficiency in the production process can be enhanced by incorporating the concept of quality control. This will ensure that the firm’s products meet the global market standards. Through quality control, the firm will not be driven by profit motive at the expense of the consumers. According to Dan (2007, para.4), supplying quality and safe products will result in the firm creating a positive public image for its products. Integrating corporate social responsibility The firm should operate ethically by integrating the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR refers to the consideration of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of the firm in the process of its operation to the society (Iraj, n.d, p. 4). This will result in the creation of a positive image amongst the public. One of how the firm can integrate CSR in its operation is by participating in charity work within the society where it operates. This will have a positive impact on society in that the consumers will perceive the firm to be a part of them. Ethical communication Communication is a
Introduction This article focuses on the organization structure of Treetop Forest Production Limited. Treetop Productions is a sawmill factory that is located at British Colombia in Canada. The main purpose of the factory is to convert raw logs that have been cut from local forest into building grade timber. The sizes of timber that the factory releases as finished products are mainly of 2-by-4 and 2-by 6 in size. All the timber that is released as finished products have a standard size. The factory has been in operation for the last thirty years. Throughout this time, the factory has been working in an effective and efficient manner. It has been incurring minimal running and operating costs to achieve optimum output. However, the company bought new plant and machinery equipments and undertook a repair and maintenance exercise. All these efforts were to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency of the factorys operations. To support its activities, the company has a strong workforce that comprises of a general manager, 16 supervisors and supporting staff. The organization also has approximately 180 unionised staff who work on a contractual basis. All these employees are divided into the following departments:  1. Boom  2. Sawmill  3. Planner  4. Packaging  5. Shipping and maintenance All of these departments work on two shifts except the planner and shipping departments that work on the morning shift and the maintenance department that work the night shift. In addition, all these departments apart from the packaging department have a supervisor in their entire shift. To compensate on this, the planner supervisor is in charge of the department during the morning shit while the sawmill supervisor is in charge of the department during the afternoon shift. The distance between the packaging department and these two departments is long. As a result, the packaging department has been receiving minimal supervision. This has resulted to a decline in the performance of the department. Most of the products of the factory are sold in the international market. Here, the customers mainly rely on the packaging of these undifferentiated goods to decide on which company to buy from. Initially, Treetop had been experiencing high rates of purchase of its products. However, as a result of the laxity of the packaging department, many consumers have declined purchasing products from Treetop and instead purchased from rival companies. This has tremendously reduced the revenue of the company. In addition, there is a huge backlog of work in the packaging department. This has come about as a result of increased production from other department and laxity on the packaging department. To compensate for this backlog, the employees of the department have to work more hours during their shifts. This in turn increases the cost budget of the
Moliere must be one of the most recognizable dramatists working in the comedy genre in the Western theatrical tradition. Born into a wealthy family, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, later adopting his famous stage moniker Moliere, began his theatrical career at twenty-five, leaving the stability and security of his previous life behind. Young Moliere traveled with Illustre Theatre for a good portion of his life. It was there that he fell in love with dramatic art and perfected his craft as an actor. His recognizable honest and satirical style developed sometime later – “The High Brow Ladies” was the first play that had great success, soon promoting him to be a king Louis XIV’s patron. That fact did not intervene with his infamous reputation: as “with success came opposition – the Party of the Faithful banded together to protest” (Puncher, 2021, p. 135). Moliere was in an indirect conflict with the Church his whole life for his shameless approach to exposing the hypocrisy of religious leaders and fanatics alike. Later in life, the author finds his purpose in pointing out the flaws in the social system. According to Puncher (2021), “Moliere’s particular talents lay in satirizing an overly sophisticated society”, exhibiting its sins and faults of human behavior: the themes of lust, greed, and religious fanaticism constitute the core of his work (p. 135). In his famous Tartuffe , he instills energy of “the struggle for erotic, psychic, economic power” in which the society often employs the use of various masks – and the ugliness of it all (Puncher, 2021, p. 136). Each of his characters, says Puncher (2021), is “in a grip of a fixed idea” – meaning each one represents a very particular human vice (p. 137). Here lies the genius of Moliere – the way he operates these characters and shows to his view unexpected truths. For instance, “Tartuffe’s monstrous lust, for women, money, power, genuinely endangers the social structure” (Puncher, 2021, p. 137). Moliere’s perception of French society forces one to recognize “the recognizable portraits of the human folly” (Puncher, 2021, p.137). The dramatist also puts a lot of impact on the subject of human rationality being threatened, making the audience realize the absurdity to try to use reason to govern one’s actions in the world. Reference Puncher, M. (2021). The Norton anthology of world literature (Vol. 2). W. W. Norton.
Marketing involves the whole philosophy of operating a business after developing a clear understanding of what the customers’ needs are. According to Stephen (2007), marketing is the whole process of management which begins with identifying the requirement of the customers, after which the business plans on how to meet these requirements for the benefit of both the customer and the business in terms of profit generated. This means that marketing in the context of a business needs to be dynamic in order to effectively meet the needs of the customers as they are always changing. Marketing is also viewed as a management process that has set its main objectives of developing a lasting relationship with the business’ customers and thus benefiting from this relationship in other ways like profit making. According to Peter (2008), this process can only be achieved through researching on what the customers require after which the strategies of establishing this relationship are implanted. Since the main goal of marketing is to increase the business returns, the worth of marketing in this process is based on the ability of the marketers to pick the appropriate customers whom the business establishes a relationship with as it makes differential advantage. Marketing is also defined as the process that involves the business management utilizing the business resources in an efficient way in order to fulfill the needs of their customers after establishing what they require. Ray (1999) argues that since the market situation keeps on changing and thus affecting the attitudes of the customers towards a product, the business needs to consistently keep informed on any of these changes in order to ensure that they remain competitive. Laundry detergent manufacturing company Unilever is one of the most successful laundry detergent manufacturing companies on the globe. Besides cleaning products, the company also produces other products like foods and personal care items. Cleaning products is therefore, one of its major sectors where these products contribute to the company’s 22 percent of its turnover. Some of the cleaning products that the company produces include; all laundry detergents, final touch fabric softeners and sunlight dish detergents among others (Pederson, 2000). The company takes its marketing tasks with the seriousness that this responsibility deserves. After a long duration in this area the company has come up with its own unique marketing code that makes it very successful in this field. The company has invested a lot of its resources in their continued understanding of the needs of their customers. This has enabled the company to develop products that are purely consumer brands. The main objective of this is to come up with products that will make their customers look and feel good about their homes and personal care (Unilever, 2007). The company does this not necessary by telling them how their products will change their lives but through building and establishing a strong r
People do not realize all the terms and conditions of the present society. They live according to the norms established and prove their behavior with “everybody acts like this” or on contrary “no one acts like you, you are mentally ill”. But these norms and regulations of life of society were not established in one day. The process underwent huge changes and resulted in a society people live nowadays. Thousands of years ago people knew that the Earth is flat, hundred years ago people knew that the Earth is the center of the Universe, at present, people think that they may be not the only thinking creatures in the Universe. As well as the knowledge about the world, the knowledge about human behavior was undergoing significant changes. People improved the terms and regulations of the society common to human nature but hidden deep inside the personality. This is the way of establishing pro-social and anti-social behavior, common to civilized people of the present time. The norms of pro-social and anti-social behavior are the result of the efforts of all humankind. But in small communities, people still live and lived hundreds of years ago according to the needs of the “natural selection” rule. Any anti-social behavior is punished nowadays; the scenes of explicit violence and gore could be seen only on the screen of TV or PC. People disapprove of these scenes no matter real or not, but always think “It can not concern me, it is a part of our life and nothing could be done.” But, how one can be sure that cannibals who lived long ago were aware of what they were doing? The norms of that time did not provide a cannibal with the necessary knowledge and if someone had asked “Why?” the probable answer would have been like “everybody acts like this” or “What is wrong about this?”. The relations in the community are a very difficult question and people tried to solve it during the whole period of existence. Where is a certain mark between right and wrong? What could be changed and what consequence will follow? What will change if people are aware of anti-social actions or not? The answers could be found in different types of models of society both real and imaginable. One of the brilliant examples of such type of society is examined in Ursula K Le Guin’s short story “The Ones who Walk Away from Omelas”. Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (born October 21, 1929) is an American author (Piazza, 2003). She has written a huge variety of different works in different fields meant for children and adults, but she is known all over the world for her science fiction, fantasy novels, and short stories. Her father, Alfred Kroeber, was the first who received Ph.D. in Anthropology in the United States in 1901 (Columbia University)( Piazza, 2003). First publications of Ursula K
Article 1: (Sander, 2012) The G.I. Bill benefits make veterans a target of corporations that offer services and goods that qualify for discounted pricing under veterans support program. As a result, veterans have become victims of aggressive and deceptive targeting by universities touting military-friendly policies. Many voices are coming up to challenge the integrity of the G.I. Bill. The author talks about critics who say that the bill provides many loopholes for veterans to squander their benefits. The problem is that the legitimate information sources for veterans are not as aggressive as marketers are. On their part, private colleges are protecting themselves against allegations by joining sensitization programs for veterans to minimize exploitation. Article 2: (Serow, 2004) The report shows that the G.I. Bill was a radical policy undertaking by the U.S. government, whose impact on society and the economy was mainly positive in the first decades of operations. However, in recent decades have come under attack, but it still appears triumphant. The article explains how different political parties enacted the bill and hails its focus on individual discretion in the use of benefits of education purposes. The article claims that the original law was superior to the later versions. It serves as a symbol for demarcation of earlier and later stages of education development (Serow, 2004). Article 3: (Toby, 2010) Before the World War II, scholarships were scarce and only available to students with exceptional academic abilities. The article by Toby (2010) explains how scholarships shifted from academic achievement to federal financial aid. It describes the way federally subsidized student loans work to help needy students afford higher education. Thus, colleges play a role in guiding students about repayment option and help them to make realistic career choices. However, there have been problems with such programs of financial aid in education. Many people have ended up with diplomas that are not marketable and are unable to repay loans. The victim ends up having additional problems in the social life as their lack of jobs or poor credit record hinders opportunities (Toby, 2010). Article 4: (Cellini, 2010) According to Cellini (2010), the role of federal and state financial aid programs in increasing access to education creates mixed results. By examining the role of support in two-year degree and certificate programs with part of the emphasis being on the G.I. Bill program, the author shows that gains in enrollment in the private colleges due to the aid do not hinder gains in enrollment in public community colleges. The author assumes that each country constitutes a separate market, but also uses a measurement error correction to capture cases where students attend a school outside their