ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the organizational management, execution of strategic change is always hard to implement successfully. Nonetheless, excellent executions of strategic change usually challenge the conventional wisdom in these organizations. This implies that the best implementation of strategic change is not always the palpable ways that are commonly applied by most organizations. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that some investment of time with an expert in the area of strategic change management is likely to propel the organization in execution of its strategic change. Therefore, as a consultant in the area of strategic change management, I provide the following coaching advice for Grunewald’s OD for its execution of strategic change. Consultant Coaching Advice to Grunewald’s OD on Execution of Strategic Change Implementation and execution of strategic change in any organization exposes its top management under pressure from its stakeholders to achieve their expectations. In addition, the management is required to keep and maintain organization’s competitiveness in its operating environment. Therefore, execution of strategic changes demands creation of portfolios that are desired to deliver these strategic changes. Moreover, there is need of allocating, attracting and managing all resources that are necessary to execute these changes. For that matter, it is relatively important that Grunewald’s OD should plan for these steps early enough to guarantee its long term excellence. This is so since success in relation to execution of strategic change is likely to propel it by outperforming its competitors in the already complex market that is characterized by stiff competition. Moreover, it is imperative to note that there are several approaches that can be used by Grunewald’s OD in its execution of strategic change. Nonetheless, most of these approaches share a variety of elements such as communication, program management and culture among others. Notably, some of these approaches are provide functional focused solutions while some are organization wide and therefore they need organizational approach. For that matter, it is relatively important for Grunewald’s OD to develop an inclusive plan for execution of its strategic change. Development of an Inclusive Plan for Execution Strategic Change There are several methodologies, principles and approaches that Grunewald’s OD can apply to achieve a successful execution of its strategic change. Firstly, it is important for the organization to have a portfolio alignment for its strategic change. According to Triant and Sharon (2006), they opine that this ensures sufficient identification and subsequent prioritization of the programs that can successfully deliver strategic changes that are deemed to be executed. Secondly, Thomas and Christopher (2008) hold that execution of strategic
The expansion and globalisation that characterise many modern organisations lead to the recruitment of numerous new employees, many of whom are from different cultures than the one where the enterprise originates. As such, it becomes necessary to accommodate their needs and preferences to maximise performance and to gain appeal in the local market. Such initiatives belong to the cultural aspect of organisational change, which attempts to remove preconceptions and biases and promote diversity. However, this process is known for being challenging due to unpredictable and sometimes strong reactions from different employees. This post attempts to explain the primary cultural differences that arise in the process and the approaches employed in their management. As a company expands and begins hiring a more broad selection of employees of different genders, races, ethnicities and nationalities, its established mode of operations may be challenged. According to Saintilan and Schreiber (2017), failure to accommodate diversity in the workplace can lead to significant organisational issues. The problems can arise from a variety of sources, such as popular backlash or employee dissatisfaction. It is the task of the management to identify and prevent potential complications by implementing the necessary changes. Eastern and Western cultures tend to exhibit the most noticeable differences in their approaches to definitions and transformations. Browaeys and Price (2015) describe the two counterparts as “being” and “doing”, with the latter being more focused on actions while the former concentrates on relationships. “Cross-cultural studies” (n.d.) states that the two paradigms employ different concepts of change, with “doing” demanding an immediate shift and “being” favouring a gradual transformation. An optimal approach in a diverse company would utilise a combination of the two methods, although uniting them may prove difficult due to their conflicting natures and potential employee rejection. The intangible nature of culture and the need to answer the needs of a sizable and heterogeneous workforce make cultural change a challenging process. According to Hacker (2015), the task demands a
The main argument in this article is that white employers use discrimination to make certain claims against black women. This is targeted to provide them with legitimate justifications for their biased and prejudicial actions against women workers. The author highlights that much studies have been conducted concerning racism and sexism and there are documentation of how individuals perceive political issues that touches on race, granting of public support, present racial actions in the media, and incorporated housing. However, he argues that, little or no studies have taken the opinions of employers into consideration. He categorically claims that employer’s perceptions of men are actually gendered. He points out to the shortcomings of the existing research, which has not looked into the significant question regarding how employer’s opinions could vary from their perceptions of black women as well as how these gender-based, racial perceptions can lead to exclusive disadvantage of various groups in the labor market. In this study, the author looked into some of the images used by white employers to hypothesize assertions concerning black females in the labor industry. He argues that most of these images are basically stereo-classical and could be adversely used. Kennelly demonstrates that the changing aspects of these white employer’s categorizations of females and of blacks varies from their imageries of Black women, showing that this set could stand at an exceptional drawback compared to all other ethnic and sex groups. He further illustrates how certain white employers apply an intricate but extensively common stereo-type of Black working-class females as solitary mothers to characterize members of this set. In rather conflicting ways, white employers apply these images to justify why they believe black women are unfortunate, reliable workers and why they consider bot
Introduction Fertility preservation refers to the method of enabling cancer patients to maintain their fertility. This is because chemotherapy, radiation and other treatment regimens destroy the reproductive system of the body by attacking reproductive cells such as sperms and ovas.While the loss of the reproductive ability maybe temporary in some patients, some never regain it. Women may experience menopausal symptoms while men display characteristics of andro-pause. Ovarian destruction depends on the drug, the dose, and the age. As the age of the patient increases lesser doses, increase chances of failure of the ovaries. It may result from radiation of the abdomen, the pelvic, or the whole body. The case is worse for pre-pubertal girls because in addition to the risk of infertility, female survivors of childhood cancer are also at a risk of premature ovarian failure. Statistics from a study indicated that 25% of female childhood survivors had premature menopause before the age of 16 years (Donnez and Kim 74). Improvement of cancer survival rates among children means doctors have to focus their attention on offering them a wholesome life in future. It is estimated that two-thirds of children with cancer will be cured and most of them will experience fertility deficiency. Fertility is a major aspect of such a life. Fertility preservation in males, children, or adult are less expensive, less invasive, and more effective because they are a wide range of options available and procedures. For females, the methods are complicated, especially in relation to pre-pubertal children whose eggs are not yet mature. Methods for preservation range from cryopreservation, protecting gametes during chemotherapy by using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Ovarian tissue cyro-preservation is a process in which normal functioning ovarian tissue is excised from the ovary and stored cryogenically and is the only option that can be offered to pre-pubertal girls (Donnez and Kim 77). This opinion states that embryo cryopreservation after in-vitro fertilization as well as cyro-preservation of mature human oocytes are in most cases unsuitable for minors therefore cryopreservation of ovarian tissue containing small immature ovarian follicles remains almost the only option. Pre-pubertal males have a gonad maturation process. In contrast, the process of establi
The issue of gender equality has become popular in different areas of study, especially beginning in the late 20th century. In the workplace, proponents of this concept argue that people should have equal access to job opportunities regardless of their gender. The campaign for gender equality has transformed the 21st-century workplace with women being assessed for promotion and other work-related aspects based on merit, as opposed to their gender, even though such an argument is debatable. However, an insidious phenomenon has emerged, and it adversely affects women who decide to have children and remain in the workplace. The available research shows that mothers are being subjected to significant wage penalties in the workplace because they have borne children. In other words, the decision to become a mother comes with associated disadvantages on top of the long-running gender-based discrimination that women have been experiencing in their lives. This paper is a reflection on the concept of motherhood penalties, as presented in the article “Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?” by Correll, Benard, and Paik (2007). One of the interesting concepts presented in this article is the issue of motherhood penalty. At first, when I saw the title of the article, I thought that it is bizarre that women would be punished for having children. However, a clear look at its contents reveals that this issue is not based on anecdotes or personal opinions. On the contrary, the question of motherhood penalty has been researched and documented in reputable scholarly journals. According to Correll et al. (2007), two recent studies have established that employed mothers in the US are punished with a per-child wage penalty of around 5 percent after the researchers controlled for the normal occupational and human capital factors affecting wages. In an interesting discovery, one study found that the pay gap between non-mothers and mothers aged below 35 years is larger than that between men and women. Therefore, based on these findings, employed mothers are the most disadvantaged group of workers experiencing the largest pay gap. The issue of the motherhood penalty is important in modern society because apart from being bizarre and retrogressive, it compounds the problem of the gender pay gap and other inequalities that women have been experiencing since the civilization of societies. The proponents of gender equality have achieved recommendable results in their quest to ensure that people are judged based on meritocracy as oppose
Introduction Strategic management literatures have shown the increasing need for corporations to realize the prolonged competitive advantage in the current unpredictable and turbulent business environment. In fact, most discussions and analyses show how modern economies and technology have altered the nature of traditional business models in most companies that range from product to technical corporations. However, modern project managers hardly understand how business models are sustained, appraised, shaped and what they actually denote (Doumeingts & Ducq 2001, p.147). Therefore, modern project managers must comprehend business models in order to develop guidelines and frameworks that can help an organization to utilize the resources efficiently for survival and competition. The potential and use of business model Research on business models is still an immature field though it has proved its relevance. The key segments where business-models have enhanced are in the formation of apparatus and conceptions that venture supervisors might exploit to transform, evaluate, plan, converse, comprehend, and seize the corporation trade rationales (Jones, 1960). The subsequent sections clearly highlight the generalized reasons why modern project managers must understand the concept of business models. Sharing and Understanding Modern project managers need to comprehend business models as they assist in sharing and communicating, understanding, visualizing and capturing business logics (Kaplan & Norton 1992, p.1). Allocating and conversing Nearly all corporations have trade logics that are supposed to be captured, visualized, and comprehended. This can only be realized through business models. The knack to distribute and converse such business ideas with shareholders is just a preceding rational outcome. According to Galper (2001, p76) claims, to formalize and express business models in a concrete manner may assist modern project managers in sharing and communicating their business understanding to other shareholders. Such ability is significant to any dialogue among individuals with diverse backgrounds including engineers, system architect and modern project managers (Aguilar-Savén 2004, p.133). Comprehending The current business models have become very complicated especially those that have well-built e-business and ICT elements. The associations between the decisive success factors and different business model elements are not often directly observed (Chesbrough & Rosenbloom, 2002). Thus, the social systems modeling process can help modern project managers to understand and identify the relationships and appropriate constituents within the specific project domain (Magretta 2002, p.87). Furthermore, within the business models there are visual symbols that can enhance modern project managers understanding of any task that lies ahead. Visualizing Modern project managers are human beings and they are rather incomplete in their
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a late-age congenital (since or even before birth) progressive neurodegenerative disorder, particularly affecting the brain at regions associated with higher mental functions such as neocortex and hippocampus region in forebrain. Pathologically, it manifests as extra-cellular deposits of β-amyloid proteins, derived by the action of enzymatic proteins, Precenilins, on amyloid precursor proteins (APP’s) produced in neurons. These changes accompany an impairment of cognitive functions (memory, sense). Most of the investigations on amyloid plaques, a kind of neural coating, reveal presence of high amounts of unique Aβ proteins, whose amounts go up in diseased brain neurons. Two sub-types of this protein were immunologically detected and termed as Aβ 42 and Aβ 40 . These changes bring about a cascade of events leading to inflammation and neuro-toxicity, which progress as release of harmful cytokines, neuritic membrane injury, ionic homeostasis, and oxidative injury. Consequently, imbalance in protein kinase/phosphorylase signal transduction results in hyperphosphorylation and deformation of neurofibrilary micro tubular protein, known as tau , which leads to neurotransmitter deficits and dementia, a typical abnormal state of brain. The production and/or deposition of Aβ proteins in cerebral fluid and is linked with genetic mutations of at least four genes located in human chromosome #1, 14, 19 and 21 (Selkoe, 2001). Review of literature Six peer reviewed research articles related to genomic/proteomic analyses, and diagnostic aspects of Alzheimer’s are discussed. A complete genome analysis of Alzheimer’s disease was carried out by Kehoe et al. (1999). Usually, if proper markers for disease-related mutated genes are available, pre-natal prognosis of the disease through genetic counseling can be done. Such gene-associated markers have been characterized, in particular the apolipoprotein E gene, which was linked to chromosome# 19, and was responsible for accumulation of Aβ by way of binding to this protein. In this study, genome scan was carried out in 600 diseased sibling pairs. Semi-automated fluorescent genomic mapping of each autosome and X chromosome, in which labeled marker DNA’s, corresponding to specialized chromosomal locations, called micro-satellites (specific repeats of consensus evolutionary DNA sequences), were used to detect presence of apolipoprotein E gene-linked marker. For this, lymphoblastoid cells (from leukocytes) were grown in cell culture medium, DNA was extracted and genomic analysis was done using a database. It was revealed that apart from chromosome #19, apolipoprotein gene sub-types were also present in chromosome #1, 9 and 10. This suggests a high degree of linkage within the chromosome regions carrying apolipoprotein E gene. This finding can help in detection of the most causative gene or marker in chromosomes (#1, 9 and 10), other than what has been considered earlier (#19) for the detection process. Another important and new
Introduction The following paper is an elaborate presentation of the marketing strategy over the next three years (2013-2016) for Tesla Motors, which is an electric carmaker company whose portfolio includes only two car brands, namely The Model S and The Roadster. Marketing strategy involves the analysis of Tesla as a company without focusing on any of the two brands of cars that are currently at its disposal. In this paper, the approach will be a brief introduction of the company as a player in the larger auto industry, with a presentation of the situational analysis being made thereafter. This section will then be followed by an informed investigation of the strategic considerations together with a statement of some of the recommendations in the strategic route while capturing both the primary and selective demands. The paper will also use these recommendations to construct a marketing strategy that is both achievable and reasonable. A conclusion will be made based on the findings of the marketing strategy. Organizations can choose between primary and selective demand marketing strategies. In the primary demand strategy, organizations aim to increase the number of sales within their respective industry by boosting the number of customers either by making themselves attractive to clients who are non-users of the product or by growing the number of sales in the already-established pool of users. This essentially means that organizations increase the overall demand for the product, not just the brand, but also the class of the product or its form in the industry. Contrary to the primary demand marketing strategy, selective demand marketing strategy requires that organizations increase the demand for a particular brand of the product rather than the product or class in the industry. The two marketing strategies interact in most organizations. They cannot be described as being mutually exclusive. Before a detailed marketing strategy for the company can be presented, it is important
Media firms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) apply a range of business models, including subscription model, advertising model, and venture capital-fast growth-exit model. The subscription model is whereby users register for online services at a particular fee. It deals with premium content such as market surveys and business intelligence, which is inaccessible through all other means. Users pay a fixed amount of money, periodically, to access content (Deek, 2013). An example of an online site that practices the subscription model is Hulu. Hulu has announced a move to integrate pay content with free material even though it has previously worked as an advertising-supported model. Hulu works on the premise that clients, naturally, like to watch items free of charge, although they can pay for premium content. It operates under a subscription model called freemium. The freemium model attracts many users by offering free content and then asking them to pay a fee for premium. This method has emerged as the most affluent option, and firms have learned how they can utilize this model efficiently from the booming online game business. The online social gaming business is by now making major income from paid content. Farmville and other social games sites lure users by offering free games but require users to pay for other goods, which develop the user’s performance. It is not just in the Western nations where players have managed to monetize content; even growing economies with low-income levels and less developed payment structures have found effective methods of making money from online content. For instance, internet gaming in China has developed into a powerful and booming business, worth about $1.4bn which is way above the console/handheld gaming business, whose worth totals to approximately $92m (Price House Water Coopers, 2010). While there are some obstacles to the expansion of the online VOD market, in the Arab area, 69% of trade specialist respondents think there is a potential for offering free content while also charging for some online content following the freemium model. The benefits of the freemium model for users include ease of conversion to sale, increased knowledge about the service through shared experiences by users, and it allows room for advertisements. Google is another example of a freemium site, and it uses Adwords as its revenue model. Other sites affiliated to this model in UAE include Pandora and sales force. Another common media business model in the UAE is advertising. Apart from traditional television advertisements, social networks, and Mobiles have turned into significant channels for promotions (Price House Water Coopers, 2010). With t