ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Playing games is an integral and essential part of early childhood development and the following process of personal evolution. However, a closer look at the games that children play will reveal that, apart from providing chances for training their basic skills, these activities also create the premises for training the ability to interact socially and learn the key societal roles. A study of children’s behavior within two different age groups and on different locations has shown that, in the course of playing outdoors, children acquire not only communicational, but also basic social skills, which affect their acceptance of certain gender and societal roles. Introduction Background: about the experiment In order to define the patterns of interaction between children in the course of playing games, two different locations were chosen (the Maple Playground and a smaller local playground in Flushing, NY). Seven hours were spent on observing the behavior of the children playing in the specified locations, and corresponding notes were taken in the process. Thesis statement Though at the early stage of their development, children seem to be engaged in active games training their vestibular apparatus and basic physical skills with practically no regard for gender and age differences between the participants, older children tend to engage in the activities that allow them to accept specific social and gender roles, therefore, creating a specific mock “society,” and the types of games chosen for these activities contribute to accepting these roles. The Choice of Games According to the observation results, both younger children (Group A) and older girls (Group C) preferred playing group games, which do not have a leader; this stands in a sharp contrast to the Group B (older boys), where the choice of games was predetermined by the availability of the leader position or the prize. The fact that Group B eventually joins Group C may indicate surrender to the system of the modern society. Identifying Gender Issues It is quite peculiar that younger children did not seem to pay such a great deal of attention to the gender issue as the older children did. This can be explained with the help of the key tenets of Kohlberg’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory (Banerjee, 2005). According to the latter, gender identification is not innate– the process of a child identifying themselves with a specific gender occurs in the course of participating in social activities and, therefore, learning the specifics of the gender roles that are traditionally accepted in the society. For instance, the fact that the Group C was playing dolls for the first half an hour shows that the girls were acquiring the skills of nurturing and “mo
There are some parts of the Bible that are more deeply engrained in the minds of people than others. Top-ranked among them is the Sermon on the Mount (Bibletools.org). Comparisons have frequently been drawn between the Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount. While both contain guidelines from Almighty God to His people for their salvation, they are otherwise different. The Ten Commandments are guidelines given by God, who appeared amidst clouds and thunder, in ten negative utterances that relate only to the duties of every society for its nourishment. On the other hand, the Sermon on the Mount constitutes guidelines given by God in human shape in a succinct, affirmative form designed to completely destroy evil intention rather than delaying to destroy its fruits (Mastrantonis). There are two reasons for the paramount importance according to the Sermon on the Mount. Firstly, it is positioned close to the start of the New Testament, due to which it is perused more regularly. Secondly, it is brief and incredibly distinct teaching that forms the foundation of the Christian way of life. Clearly laying down Jesus Christ’s explanation about what Christians should be, and what they should do, the Sermon on the Mount is looked upon as being closer to Christianity’s manifesto than any other single section of the Bible (Bibletools.org). It is without doubt the most succinct and practical Christian guide to righteous living. The practical guidelines to righteous living are contained in the initial part of the Sermon on the Mount, known as the Beatitudes (Bibletools.org). The Sermon on the Mount starts with the exhortation of “moving lyrical strains of the Beatitudes” (Mastrantonis). The Beatitudes are short elaborations on the spirit of the law, and recommendations on how to secretly and privately establish a relationship with God. They are considered as “the string of pearls” that embellishes the crowning of Christianity’s code of morality. They are independent utterances of ‘blessedness’ to shape the character of Christians. ‘Blessedness,’ a word derived from the Greek meaning ‘much more than happy,’ involves a feeling of being greatly favored by God which brings feelings of great happiness and contentment as a result (Mastrantonis). The ten Beatitudes are as follows (Mastrantonis).  1. “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” God confers blessedness on those individuals who are poor and live a lowly life without luxury or glamour yet never deviate from the path of righteousness. What they lack in life will be replenished tenfold by God when He welcomes them into his kingdom of heaven.  2. “Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted.” God confers blessedness on those individuals who suffer a lot of sadness in life but steadfastly bear the sorrows whil
The Shawnee Indians are natives of Ohio with a great history and civilization. The history of their immigration dates back to the 17 th century. During the establishment of the United States of America, the Shawnee championed the conquest of their territory. Communication has been a great challenge for the community. With special reference to the medical information and care the Shawnee tribe is quite behind. The community is disadvantaged by the lack of adequate information and the channels for the same. As a result, the community has not been able to access medical services. Medical care providers have also had a hard time trying to serve the customer in the same way. This paper aims to provide a research report on the states of communication concerning the medical care providers of the Shawnee community. The paper provides the details of the communication structure in the community and analyzes the state of the same. Communication Needs The tribe still maintains a primitive connotation making the whole process of medical care very difficult (Blair 2006). The majority of the members of the tribe are ignorant of health and all the aspects surrounding it. The community urgently needs education on health and medical care. However, even the education itself will not be an easy undertaking bearing in mind the sophisticated nature of the community’s communication process. Among the Shawnee, the biggest obstacle in the provision of healthcare is the difficulty in communication. This has been brought about by cultural values and beliefs. A lot of stereotypes are put on the entire concept of sharing information. Certain topics and discussions are considered secret and sacred. This has limited the exchange of information between the community and the community. As a result, the medical care providers fail to obtain the correct information from the members. It has also been difficult for care providers to provide enlightenment to the community due to barriers associated with the communication. First and foremost, the language of communication has been a major challenger for the care providers. Failure to understand the local language has been the major flaw in the whole process. Furthermore, the community still has a lot of stereotypes concerning health and care provision (Jordan 2002). Therefore they cannot be approached using the same approach. Suggestions To handle the issue of communication as far as medical information is concerned, care providers have to consider certain parameters (Hodge 2003). The Shawnee is a unique group and only a customized process will be effective with them. Previous attempts to address the issue have been unsuccessful and there is a need to find different ways of dealing with the same issue. The following are my suggestions for the handling of the issue;   * Involve the Shawnee people   * Use of local dialect   * Appreciate their culture; and religious perceptions Involve the Shawnee People Any attempts to address the issue of health about communication should be d
Executive Summary Computer based communication has become popular in the recent past especially due to the advancement in Internet technology. Email, wikis, blogs, instant messaging and video conferencing are some computer-based communications that have had a great impact on communication. Blogging and Instant Messaging (IM) are the most popular of these computer based communication. Computer based communication has transformed the way business is carried out. It has lead to introduction of new business channels and new ways for interacting with the customers. However computer based communication systems have some negative impacts such as the ease of spreading negative information. Computer based communication is slowly replacing conventional communication. With advancement in internet technology, various computer based communication will continue to gain popularity. This research looked at the impact of computer based communication on business. It started by explaining the impact of the internet in general then the paper will concentrate on the use of Instant Messaging and blogs. The research looked at both the positive and the negative impacts of the internet in business. The main research method that was used will be literature review. Material containing information on computer communication was reviewed and used to build up the subject of this study. From the finding the researcher concluded that there are many advantages of the advancement in computer communication in business. This is especially so with regard to public relations that has improved due to the use of the internet. This implies that a lot has to be done to ensure that businesses take advantage of the use of computer based communication for the wellbeing of their businesses. Introduction Advancement in computer technology has had a great impact on business communication. Computer based communication has almost replaced conventional means of communication. I
Lewin’s article offers a detailed insight into the understanding and utilization of online digital devices. It further outlines the correlations amid the period spent and class performance. It reveals the specific online sites that the subjects constantly visit. Overall, the research helps us comprehend the impact of the rapidly changing media world on the academic performance and behaviour of students (Lewin). The study intended populace comprised of students aged from 8 to 18 years. A sample extent for this study was 2000 students (Lewin). Given that the results from the sample would reflect the status of the whole population, an outsized sample size would be appropriate. The study aimed at revealing the status of use of digital devices amongst kids. Their choice of student aged between 8 and 18 years was perfect as young individual are constantly in contact with digital devices. The article does not list all question asked, although the few highlighted seem to have generated the required information. The first question reveals how many interviewees multitask while using various online digital devices. One of the interviewees discloses that life would be very boring without these devices. The questions also enabled classification of various participants as either heavy or moderate users based on the hours they spent online. The interviews were definitely effective because results obtained have helped in establishment of a link between academic performances and hours spent using fancy computer gadgets. Donald Roberts, a communication expert is mesmerized by the hours that kids spend on media after the revelation from the survey (Lewin). It is imperative to assert that the survey was effective since it met its objectives. The researchers calculated the percentages after data assortment. It revealed that the number of C scorers were probable to be high users (Lewin). The calculation of percentages put the raw data in a form that is easy to comprehend. Suitable presentation has facilitated evaluation of the data from this survey with that of previous studies and it has left many parents startled. Many stakeholders from the media fraternity stated that the use of media would not progress but results from this survey were divergent. Interpretation from this survey disclosed that entry into the market of new sophisticated gadget has led to exponential increase in the use of media. This is factual; however, the increase depends on the emergence of sophisticated gadgets, as well as the changing lifestyle trends. The survey utilised interviews to collect data. Unlike questionnaire, interview technique prompts the researcher to ask the participant numerous questions while at the same time grant the interviewee opportunity to give own views on the topics. Interviews require more workforces especially where the interviews are lengthy and time consuming. There was effective application of interviews, the advantage of the small sample size. This would have probably
Abstract Cultural diplomacy refers to the use of the culture of a country in order to enhance its political influence (Holcombe, 2011 p. 114). Cultural diplomacy is linked to the implications of political influence by a government on its people and this is what makes the difference between international culture exchange and cultural diplomacy. This exchange refers to the interaction of cultures between different countries and this is what Japan used to try to bring about internationalization. Japan has attempted to internationalize the country to give the nationals an expanded view (Holcombe, 2011 p. 114). Internationalization is aimed at making Japan appear at the same level as other internationalized countries. The cultural diplomacy of Japan has gone through five phases of evolution and they will be discussed in this paper (Lam, 2007 p. 353). The thesis statement for the paper is that Japanese cultural diplomacy has always attempted to change the misconceptions held regarding Japan by the world (Holcombe, 2011 p. 115). Introduction Japan employed cultural diplomacy from the 1950s and it was followed by many changes to the current day. The initial focus of Japan in establishing cultural diplomacy was to change its image, but as time went by, this focus changed. Japan started adopting a culture exchange approach that worked well in changing its image to the outside world. There were challenges to the stages of cultural diplomacy as discussed in the paper. Also discussed are the five stages of cultural diplomacy evolution as they happened to the current day situation. Goals of Culture Diplomacy between the 1950s And 1960s This stage was the initial phase of cultural diplomacy in Japan, and it began in the early 1950s and ended in the late 1960s (Anderson, 2011 p. 21). The primary goal of Japan in adopting cultural diplomacy was to clear the pre-war image that the world held. Many countries saw Japan as a militaristic country, and that is why the Japanese cultural diplomacy was initiated to try to show the world that Japan was a peace-loving country (McConnell, 2008 p. 20). Japan went to the extent of distributing pamphlets and brochures during the cultural activities to portray a sense of serenity and tranquillity to the people who visited the country (Anderson, 2011 p. 192). In addition to the traditions, Japan discouraged the promotion of various elements associated with the samurai and feudal spirits in other countries (Lam, 2007 p. 353). A good example of the prohibition is the banning of Kabuki performances in America (Anderson, 2011
The Roman Colosseum The Roman Colosseum has had a great impact on western architecture. The construction of the three dimensional elliptical amphitheatre took place between 72 AD and 80 AD in Rome (Hopkins & Beard, 2011). The constructors used various materials such as concrete. The concrete used was obtained from a local limestone lighter than marble laid the foundation of the Colosseum. In effect, using limestone in concrete gave the amphitheatre a strong foundation. The walls were made of marble and bricks while the floor was made of sand. Sand in Latin is known as arena, thus, the English word arena has its origin from the Latin word of sand. The most distinct technique used in construction is the use of arches. Effectively, these arches allow the creation of wedges in the amphitheatre giving it the oval shape (Coarelli & Gabucci, 2001). Morale in Rome was low due to the death of Emperor Nero, one of the Roman Emperors held in high regard. Therefore, Vespasian, the new emperor, had to find a way to restore the Romans’ morale. Subsequently, he destroyed the palace built by Nero and started the construction of the Colosseum. Effectively, the Colosseum is representative art depicting the greatness of Rome (Coarelli & Gabucci, 2001). According to Hopkins and Beard (2011), the Colosseum depicts the might of the Roman Empire. Using arches in construction artistically reduced the weight of the building since the amount of materials required in construction reduced. Alternatively, the materials used in constructing the Colosseum were light enough to allow the amphitheatre stand without a lot of support. In addition, the arches allowed support of the tiered seating. Moreover, the passageways of the arches allowed easy access in the amphitheatre. The Colosseum served the people of Rome in their best sporting activities organised by their leaders. In effect, the Colosseum is historically important in the construction of modern day sports stadiums such as modern football fields. In addition, the artistic use of light materials in the construction of the Colosseum plays the traditional role of inspiring the modern day theatres and stadia construction (Coarelli & Gabucci, 2001). The Doryphoros The Doryphoros is a three dimension stone sculpture of a naked human-like six feet tall man standing. Polykleitos of Argos sculptured the Doryphoros using bronze between 480 BC and 415 BC. The main process of creating this masterpiece was by sculpturing. However, sculptures require addition techniques such as the knowledge of proportionality and balance in order to stand on its own. Therefore, for Polykleitos to create a sculpture of a human being in what is known as a chiastic pose, technical expertise in proportionality was fundamental. On the other hand, the use of balance is evident in the sculpture since the weight of the body is on one foot, and the other foot is flexed at rest (Moon, 1995). The Doryphoros depicts the principle of proportionality in a human figure on an individual capacity. In this regard, the sculpture is a classic example of representation art because
Syriana is a hilarious movie that is worth watching but never resolves its problems. It is coated with heavy political undertones that cannot escape the cautious look of a curious viewer. The politics are underlined and epitomized in the never-ending Middle-East oil-fuelled wars. The movie does justice to the viewer by carefully intertwining the pieces to enable them to analyze the forces that sustain modern wars objectively. Syriana undertakes to bring into perspective the underlying political and economic dynamics that determine the world oil prices and how they make the proprietors of oil companies rich. The movie enlightens viewers on how the government’s involvement can shape the demand and supply of oil and oil products. Syriana downplays the input of the media in the determination of the demand and supply of oil and oil products. One of the casts, Bob Barnes, a media personality, is not talked about so much. However, reference is made on his modes of operation and his superior skills, which are albeit outdated. The movie bears semblance to any other spy movies. Bob is portrayed as furthering both media and business interests but is otherwise seen to be in thrall to them. Interestingly, Bob becomes the last to know the undertakings in the oil fraternity. The cast is used symbolically in the movie as he is strategically used to spell out the interests of the government of the United States in the Middle East. He is supposed to know all activities in the oil industry, but even with all the intelligence information at his disposal, he is not able to create a clear picture of whatever is happening. He is a middle-aged American citizen who deserves and does not deserve working in a government agency. On the flip side, he deserves to work for a government agency because he is a taxpayer whose resources are pumped into wars and counter-terrorism activities that the American government wages in the Middle East as they look for prospective investment destinations (Gaghan et al., 2003). Barnes has a wife he seems not to know much about. The wife is so cynical and harbors a feeling that Bob is a liar. Moreover, she thinks Bob is a stall in her career. When questions are raised about the role of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Middle East, Bob finds himself in the line of fire as he cannot deny his role. All the discontent people raise about the government’s involvement abroad are directed at him. He is a besieged man with nowhere to go and with a family to feed. Jeffrey Wright, an attorney, is an African American who desires to stay on message and is therefore incapable of voicing concern against corporate greed because their hands are tied. For questionable and dubious reasons, he marvels at overseeing the merger of big companies whose gross domestic products equal that of many countries. He has made it a routine to collect his alcoholic father after overseeing ‘shoddy’ business deals. These companies envisage doing business in the Middl