ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Aristotle and Plato were scholars who were first to consider the issue of morals, science, and governmental issues. While the two rationalists’ works are viewed as less hypothetically important in current occasions, they keep on having incredible verifiable worth. In The Republic by Plato and The Politics by Aristotle, two unique originations of the state, equity, and political investment introduce themselves. The two ancient rationalists differ on numerous things and moved toward similar terms in different manners. Specifically, Plato’s thoughts are inverse of the Aristotle’s cases that all states are natural, and all residents are equipped for partaking in governmental issues in the event that a person saves his or her way of thinking on state and legislative issues as characterized in his book. Views on Virtue, Morality, and Human Nature Plato’s works began to include the contemplations on ethical quality and prudence in people and society. He presents long conversations on equity, shrewdness, boldness, just as the duality of force and duty. Plato expressed that goodness was adequate for joy, that there was nothing such as moral karma to concede rewards (Plato et al. 67). Aristotle accepted that ideals was vital for prosperity, but inadequate without sufficient social builds to help an ethical individual feel fulfillment and happiness (Aristotle and Everson 23). Plato felt that the individual ought to subsume their inclinations to that of society to accomplish an ideal from of government. Plato recommended that realizing the proper activity will prompt one naturally making the best decision (Plato et al. 244). Therefore, this inferred that temperance could be educated by showing somebody the difference between virtue and evil. Views on the Order of Universe In Aristotle’s view, governmental issues work more as a living structurethan as a machine, and the job of the polis was not equity or financial strength, but rather to make a space where its kin could carry on with a decent life and perform excellent demonstrations. Aristotle expressed that realizing what was correct was sufficiently not, that one needed to decide to act in the appropriate way (Aristotle and Everson 34). This definition put Aristotelian morals on a functional plane, as opposed to the hypothetical one upheld by Plato. Plato accepted that ideas had a universal structure, an ideal structure, which prompts his way of thinking. Aristotle accepted that general structures were not really appended to each protest or idea, and that each occasion of an article or an idea must be dissected all alone, which prompts prior philosopher’s empiricism. For Plato, psychological studies and thinking would be sufficient to demonstrate an idea or build up the characteristics of an item, but Aristotle excused this for direct perception and experience (Aristotle and Everson 117). Both Aristotle and Plato a
Abstract Learning is a process that takes place between individuals. Different theories have emerged to describe how this process takes place. Such frameworks have led to the development of various learning techniques to deliver the intended content and instructions to the targeted individuals. A proper understanding of these methods can guide teachers to meet their learners’ needs. The presented discussion identifies these major learning techniques that different people use: complex value-based learning, memory systems, and category learning techniques. The paper goes further to describe each method and its relationship to neuroscience. Appropriate improvements and future studies that can improve the effectiveness of different techniques are also presented. Introduction Neuroscientists and educational theorists have presented various models that individuals can use to develop new skills and ideas. Human beings encounter numerous situations that can equip them with new experiences and concepts for pursuing their objectives in life. Some of the common modes of learning include auditory, visual, and kinesthetic. Individuals combine two or more of the methods depending on the targeted aims in life. A proper understanding of the major techniques of learning is something that can help both tutors and learners to achieve their goals. The application of different modes of learning has made it possible for many people to overcome the challenges they face. Professionals who understand the needs of their respective will utilize the most appropriate learning techniques to empower them. Such a practice is capable of improving the beneficiaries’ educational objectives. The proposed paper will focus on the importance of learning techniques from a neuroscience perspective. The research will offer meaningful insights that can guide more learners and educators to record positive results in their respective circumstances. The topic is worth analyzing and discussing since it can transform the learning models many people embrace or consider. Methods Several articles and publications were considered to deliver evidence-based arguments to support the selected topic. This means that a qualitative study method ensured that the right sources of information were identified. The researcher considered several issues throughout the process. The first one was to select quality articles from peer-reviewed journals and books. Secondly, there was a need to ensure that the publications were academic and addressed the issue of learning techniques. Several keywords were outlined to guide the article selection processes. These included learning techniques, learning preferences, collaborative learning, visual learning, neuroscience, category learning, complex value-based learning, lateral prefrontal cortex, child learning preferences, and educators’ competencies (Bidabadi et al. 2016). Articles and books published within the past five years were considered. The final method used t
The movie tells the story of Malcolm Little, also known as Malcolm X, – the Afro-American spiritual leader and a fighter for human rights who lived in the USA in the 1960s. The movie provides a thorough analysis of the social processes which unfolded in the country at that time. This biographic picture received praise from many critics, and “Malcolm X” is considered as one of the most recognized works of Spike Lee. At the same time, the craftsmanship of the central actor, Denzel Washington, deserves particular attention as well because his brilliant performance is one of the major elements which comprised the movie’s success. It is possible to say that Washington’s Malcolm X is one of his best roles. He is entirely plunged into the character, and it seems that he does not just play but lives his role. In the movie, Washington resembles Malcolm X not merely physically but psychologically as well – the actor feels the character and expresses the very sense of his personality in a natural way. The easiness and the breadth of Washington’s performance are the distinctive features of the movie. The actor portrays Malcolm X in a profound way and without any feigned effects so that at the end of the picture, when the documental frames are shown, a viewer cannot distinguish the actor from the real historical person. Washington’s talent is totally manifested in the role of Malcolm X. The multiple rewards granted to the movie only emphasize the high quality of the acting work. Malcolm X is a complex character. He was not just a real person but the one who took place in the history of the country. And Washington let the viewers learn more about this prominent person and understand the mission which he carried throughout his life.
Introduction Once an individual reaches a certain age, the question about their future life and career becomes sharply important. While some people might have had a dream job since they were young children, others are faced with the need to decide which career path to take and what steps ought to be made if this path is to become successful in the future. In the process of making such a decision, one should think carefully about what areas of expertise appear attractive to them, and whether they will be interesting and fruitful. The issue of the benefit for the society is also of crucial importance, for one’s job should not only bring profits but also allow other individuals to benefit if the quality of life in the society is to be improved. It is my opinion that I have found a career which will not only be interesting and fruitful for me but also will help society greatly, for the need for representatives of the nursing profession is considerable in our country nowadays. There are several reasons why I believe this career path will be perfect for me; these reasons will be discussed below. The Reasons for Becoming a Nurse First of all, it is my conviction that even though the nursing profession is often difficult and challenging, being a nurse will bring me a great amount of joy and pleasure. Of course, nurses are forced to face a wide array of difficult and unpleasant situations in their job. They sometimes have to make ethically difficult decisions, and then face the consequences of these decisions (Burston and Tuckett 321). They bear a large amount of responsibility for their actions, for the life and well-being of their patients depend on them. However, it is also clear that nurses, as well as other representatives of the medical professions, save the lives of people. Nurses also provide people with care and attention in the moments when these people need them most of all. It has always been my desire to be able to help people directly, which is why I am fully convinced that becoming a nurse will allow me to gain a considerable amount of joy from assisting people, even despite the numerous difficulties I will be forced to face. Next, it should be pointed out that there is a considerable dearth of representatives of the nursing profession in the United States of America nowadays. A variety of studies conducted by different scholars stress the growing importance of this profession in our country. It is stated that, while doctors possess more extensive theoretical knowledge in the field of medicine, their training is quite expensive, and takes a very large amount of time to complete (Crawford et al. 549). On the other hand, training nurses is significantl
This essay is appropriate for the audience of feminist publishing because it contains the opinion that reflects the women’s thoughts that understand the inequality that exists. Mainly, it analyzes the differences in the roles and responsibilities of women and men. This article may also appear in the publication dedicated to social problems. This text contains a particular thesis, which appears at the beginning of the narration. The main statement is that everyone would like to have a wife because it is convenient since wives do all the work. I think that Brady does not want the kind of wife she describes. In particular, although she states that she desires to have such a wife, she understands that it is impossible (Brady, 1971). She represents all the characteristics, behavior, and duties of the woman, emphasizing the inadequacy of these demands rather than aspiring to use them. This kind of repetition helps distinguish the men’s egoism and selfishness, requiring their wives to follow the preconception about their obligation to take all the responsibilities. Although the first and the last paragraphs are considerably short, they do not influence the quality of the essay. In particular, these parts contain sufficient explanations of the author’s ideas, and the briefness reveals that this text is a type of protest with the concise declaration of the point of view. The author uses such verbs as “take care,” “serve,” “keep clean” repetitively in the text (Brady, 1971). These words help her explain the whole concept of the universal responsibility of a woman, who is expected to complete all the menial tasks. The writer does not use the personal pronouns referring to the wife because she wants to accentuate that these statements concern all the wives in general. It means that the narrator describes the concept of wife rather than referring to particular people.
Executive Summary Corporate cultures are important since they aid in streamlining the operations of organizations in a given environment. Corporate cultures are established over a long period of time and are dependent on the environment in which an organization is operating. The introduction of this paper expounds on corporate culture and cross-cultural management. The second part brings out the aspects of management that characterize national cultures in London, Tokyo, and Singapore. The third part explores the issue of corporate culture and national cultures in international management. Introduction One of the most critical challenges in international management is the conflict between established corporate cultures of multinationals and the corporate cultures that prevail in different regions where firms establish their operations (Ogunmokun & Ling, 1999). This paper explores variations in regional cultures and the corporate culture of an organization originated from the United States. The regions that are touched upon in the paper are Tokyo, London, and Singapore. This paper argues that organizations make adjustments to corporate cultures as a way of adapting to corporate practices in the global business environment. Overview of corporate culture in the context of managing in the four regions Most of the aspects of dynamism in international management come from the variation of corporate cultures in this environment (Schneider & Barsoux 2003). Multinational companies often establish corporate cultures that help them thrive in different markets across the globe (Oberg 2004). They often adopt a hybrid system of management which aids multinational firms to bridge the cultural gap that prevails between their corporate culture and the established corporate culture in the given region (Pagell, Katz & Sheu 2005). According to the Hofstede Centre (2013), there is a close cultural relation between the United States and the UK. Both countries adopt quick reporting of organizational activities. There is also an emphasis on creativity in the discharge of organizational functions in the two countries. However, there is a wide gap between the national culture of Japan and Singapore in relation to the culture of the United States. Individual relationships are given a lot of emphasis in Japanese transactions. Nonetheless, the uniting factor in as far as integration of the national cultures of the four countries is concerned is the preference of economic or organizational growth through application of strategy. Contrary to the Schein model, most of the attributes of culture in the regions presented in this paper are more visible and easy for the organization to adjust to the culture in London, Tokyo and Singapore. Fard, Rostamy and Taghiloo (2009) ascertain the value of understanding the attributes of national cultures by eliciting the Hofstede model of cross cultural management. According to this model, the national culture of management is established through the prevailing systems and structures of management in a given country (Berg van den & Wilderom 2004). This means
The success or breakdown of collaborative governance mainly depends on leadership. Collaborative leaders usually play an encouraging and facilitative role in the organization that enables the stakeholders to effectively work together as a group. Collaborative leaders have a distinctive quality which is to facilitate not to direct. They must formulate a condition that hold up the stakeholders contributions towards collaborative process and create effective transactions between them. There are three types of facilitative leadership and they include: steward leadership, mediator leadership and catalyst leadership. A steward leader normally facilitates the process of collaboration by protecting the veracity of collaborative process. On the other hand, a leader who assists in nurturing and arbitrating relationships involving stakeholders is known as mediator. Lastly, a catalyst leader helps the stakeholders to recognize and identify their value-creating prospects. Facilitative leadership requires leaders to take part in these three roles. They should however ensure that their relative eminence of these three roles greatly depend on collaborative goals, antecedent condition and system context. There are also two special facilitative leadership styles and they include: organic leadership who has the potential to draw social capital in an extensive was since they belong to stakeholder community and there is professional facilitator who belongs to outside community but is autonomous of stakeholders (Ansell & Gash 2008, p. 552) These two leadership styles have special weaknesses and strengths. They can both act as honest brokers, however professional facilitator usually find it easier to establish neutrality but have harder time persuading and motivating stakeholders to formulate effective contributions. Organic leaders have the potential to mobilize and cajole but usually do not have the power to convince their stakeholders. Professional facilitators however do have the power to convince their stakeholders and maintain their integrity. Despite the fact that organic leaders can convene collaborative forums, they are usually the major object of distrust when collaboration unfolds. This is the time when professional facilitators will facilitate meditation process effectively. Collaborative Governance Leaders are important since they efficiently collaborate towards creative problem-solving, service delivery and consensus. They however need to perform within the limits enforced by voluntary action and shared power (Vangen & Huxham 2003, p. 22). Powerful catalytic leadership is always required from organic leaders who aim at collaborative governance for creative problem-solving. Perspectives on Organizational Change: Systems and Complexi
Introduction It is important for a nurse who takes care of a patient suffering from epidural infusion to understand the pathophysiology of pain. This is because a lot of caution and care should be administered when handling the patient. The nurse should understand the effects that the epidural analgesia has on the patient and complications it causes (McCaffery & Pasero, 1999). The pathophysiology of pain If the pain is caused by the activation of the nociceptive system which is a result of tissue injury, then the pain can be said to be nociceptive. Mr. Johnson has just had a left pneumonectomy which is a surgical procedure to remove a lung. This means that tissue damage or injury have occurred. Most of the time, Nociceptive pain is known to occur when the sensory system is activated normally by the noxious stimuli. This is usually a process that involves transduction, transmission, modulation and perception. Nociceptors are primary afferent neurons which are affected when tissue injury occurs. Nociceptors are usually found in the muscle joints, skin and in some cases the visceral tissues. They are small diameter afferent neurons which respond to stimuli (Calvino & Grilo, 2006). These neurons consist of A-delta and C-fibers. The visceral fibers usually consist of specific receptors which are usually responsible for noxious chemical, mechanical or thermal stimuli. Noxious events are known to induce nociceptive processes. The noxious events might include somatic or visceral structures. The nociceptive process usually commence with the activation of these specific receptors. After activation, transduction occurs next (Farquhar-Smith, 2007). Transduction is the process in which depolarization of the peripheral nerve is usually caused by the exposure to a sufficient stimulus. The depolarization of the primary afferent usually involves a process in which substances produced by tissues, the inflammatory cells and the neuron, influence transduction. Transmission of information along the axon to the spinal cord usually proceeds after the depolarization process. Modulation occurs further from processes initiated by glial cells (Ko & Zhou, 2004). Complications manifested by pain in the post-operative patient Neuropathic pain may imitate the quality of somatic pain. Some of the complications which are caused by pain include an uncomfortable feeling. This feeling is similar to that of burning, tingling or one which is caused by shock. Some of the syndromes caused by neuropathic may be associated with referred pain, allodynia, hyperalgesia or hyperpathiaa. These pains are caused by a specific type of stimulus. In addition, some of the complications are headaches and reduced blood pressure (Whitehead & Nussey, 2001). Risk and benefits of epidural analgesia to manage pain There are several benefits that epidural analgesia has in managing pain. One of the benefits of using epidural analgesia is that it reduces the possibility of occurrence of postoperative respiratory problems and chest infections. According to Block et al. (2003), Epidural analgesia, regar
Summary of Information / Abstract Psychologists and educationists alike have often studied the relationship between the rates of school dropouts and early childhood behaviors. Most of these studies have been further categorized to focus on either boys or girls. Previously, boys have been noted to exhibit an externalizing of behaviors that is consequently associated with high instances of school dropouts. This research focuses on behaviors like alcohol and drug usage, and how they impact the rate of school dropout. In a research conducted jointly by John Robst and Charlie Weinberg, this relationship is explored in detail and then the results of the study are discussed. The rate of school dropout is affected by various factors including parental guidance, family structure, and economic status. Other external factors include personal preferences, health issues, and access to early job opportunities. Previous research indicates that external behaviors are closely connected to mental health. In boys, this external behavior is manifested through defiance and conduct disorders while in girls it is manifested through anxiety and depression. This research utilizes a longitudinal national survey targeting the youth and their relationship with childhood emotional behavioral problems (EBP). The study then investigates how EBP affects the youth’s chances of graduating from high school. The research differs from other similar research because it examines boys and girls differently. According to the researchers, this study would be useful when formulating public policy on childhood behavioral problems. This kind of policy change would have a positive impact on future economic outlook in the long term. Mental health disorders in children are manifested through internalized or externalized behaviors. The existing literature on this subject indicates that those children with EBP often have trouble with their academic performance. In addition, the reviewed literature indicates that the children with externalized behavioral problems are at a higher risk of experiencing academic failure than the students without externalized behavioral problems. The study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) of 1979. The methodology used in this research accentuates the difference between the students that graduated with a high school diploma and those that graduated with a GED. In this study, behavioral problems are gauged via the Behavioral Problems Index (BPI), an index that is similar to the Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (ACBC). The results of the study indicate that the relationships between students’ behaviors and the rate of school dropouts are more manifested in boys than in girls. Among the externalized behaviors that had significant effects on the rate of school dropouts include drug use and early engagement in sexual activities. The results also revealed that interventions to external behaviors are most effective for students with a threshold score of more than thirty. The results also reveal there are other effects of EBP such as repetition