ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Comparing Dementia to Physical Illnesses Dementia is an umbrella term for illnesses that cause a decline in an individual’s cognitive level. These include Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common, followed by vascular dementia and dementia, with Lewy bodies as the least common of the three. The disease commonly affects individuals older than 65 years. These individuals often suffer from chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension, which increase the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Unlike physical illnesses, the symptoms of dementia are cognitive. They include memory loss, communication difficulties, impaired reasoning, and an inability to handle complex tasks. It is vital to note that dementia varies significantly from physical illnesses such as diabetes. For instance, its symptoms are cognitive, unlike the hypoglycemia, thirst, and frequent urination seen in diabetes. In addition, patients experience psychological changes which are seldom seen in diabetes. Dementia symptoms are difficult to spot compared to diabetes, where patients present with elevated blood glucose levels. Dementia is also difficult to diagnose early owing to the cognitive nature of symptoms and their slow progression. Finally, unlike diabetes, dementia patients face social stigma owing to the absence of visible physical symptoms. The management of dementia differs significantly from the treatment of diabetes. While dementia interventions focus primarily on cognitive approaches, diabetes management is geared towards medicines, lifestyle changes, and dietary restrictions. It is vital to note that despite the aforementioned differences, there are some similarities in the management of both diseases. For instance, both requir
Introduction The ‘W’ National Park, Niger is named thus for the reason that the River Niger which is the main constituent of the eastern perimeter of the park contorts in progression forming the letter W (Le Berre & Messan, 1995). The reserve is a world heritage site and is located close to 150Km South-East of the Niger Capital, Niamey (Ibid, 1995). Here from the banks of the Niger River, the reserve extends to the spot where the boundaries of the three countries of Niger, Burkina Faso, and Benin converge in the special capital district of Niamey (Jameson & Crisler, 1996). W National Park was ascertained by an act of decree as a National Park on the 4th of August, the year 1954. However, the area on which it spans had been allocated as a reserve since 1937 (Koster, 1977). In the year of its establishment was when the Department of Eaux et Forets commenced security of the animal wildlife by deploying four warders on the banks of the seasonal tributary called Tapoa to patrol the key paths of the Niger part on a regular monthly basis (Ibid, 1977). Main body When the service Topographique carried out a flora study with aid of aerial snapshots, it was ascertained that about 90% of the reserve is covered in shrub savanna, another 7% is what is described as wooded savanna and the rest is grassland (Le Berre & Messan, 1995). It is the pitch of the ecosystem of the W National Park and bordering reserves in Dahomey and the Upper Volta region, in consideration of their location nestled in between the Sahara and the tropical forests that dictates the wide variety of animal and plant species (Koster, 1977). The park is described as having a Sahelo-Sudanese climate meaning its average rainfall per annum ranges between 600 – 800mm, with summer monsoon rains. However, the rains are unpredictable, falling for 30 – 50 days with a given year (Le Berre & Messan, 1995). Temperature also varies within the climate of the park from a high of about 31.2o Celsius (c) falling to 10.7oC at the coolest time which is in the first month of the year, to highs of 44oC witnessed by a drop to 26oC during the most tepid season of the year in May. (Jameson & Crisler,1996). It is estimated that a sum of 454 flora varieties was depicted in 1983. As of now updated approximation puts the new figure at 500 plant species or more (Le Berre & Messan, 1995). There exist half a dozen major habitat ranges found within the confines of the park. These include the earlier mentioned shrublands the savanna woods and forests situated along the seasonal watercourses that feed the Niger). The shrubbery of the Savannah woodland earlier described is associated with such flora species as Boscia senegalensis, Parkia biglobasa, Adansonia digitata, Prosopis Africana among many others (Le Berre & Messan, 1995). The grasses meanwhile include species such as Andropogon gayanus (Koster, 1977). Evidently, most of the named species also make an appeara
Introduction In the story “The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson”, Mark Twain successfully brings out the double standards of slavery and racism of the nineteenth United States. Pudd’nhead Wilson is the ironic tale of a man who is born a slave but brought up as the heir to wealthy estate, thanks to a switch made while the babies were still in the cradle. As rightly pointed out by Rasmussen (2003), the “the novel’s central character is not the eponymous Pudd’nhead but Roxy, a mostly white slave.” Roxy is only one-sixteenth black but that is enough to make her and her son a slave in the 1830 Missouri. The novel is a detective story, where Pudd’nhead Wilson plays just one of the many characters, until the very end when he solves the murder mystery and in the process reveals a twenty three year old secret and brings doom to the central characters. Through a vehicle of a detective story, Mark Twain is able to protest racial inequalities and social inequalities while showing the importance of a person’s identity. Discussion The basic premise of the story is the racism and slavery of the time. Although it is debated whether Twain was Protesting against racism or was in fact prejudiced himself, “Pudd’nhead Wilson is Mark Twain’s most direct and sustained imaginative engagement with issues of slavery and race”. In this essay we shall try to establish that Twain was in fact protesting this social ill of his times through this novel. At
Mattel Inc. has its headquarters in California, USA. The company is the largest toy manufacturing company in the world. The company’s manufacturing operation division is in China; it closed all its manufacturing subsidiaries in the USA, to reduce production costs. Strategies to carry out stakeholder analysis in Mattel Inc. are stakeholder mapping and stakeholder audit. According to Freeman (2005, p.131), the stakeholder analysis helps an organization to determine how different levels of cooperation and threats by stakeholders affect the organization. The stakeholder mapping strategy helps to determine the level of interest and influence various stakeholders have on the organization (Bjorn, Fagerhaug, & Onseyen, 2008, p.32). Stakeholders of Mattel Inc. include customers, employees, supplies, government, and environmental groups. Customers are primary stakeholders for they determine the strategies adopted by the organization while employees support the organization to implement the strategies adopted. On the other hand, suppliers play a critical role by providing raw material for production with the government formulating rules and regulations that govern an industry. Finally, environmental groups praise or condemn the impact of the organization’s operations on the environment. Various stakeholders support the organization in different ways; for instance, the customers of Mattel have helped the organization achieve its profitability goals, the employees of the organization provide affordable labor necessary for the organization to achieve cost reduction strategy; the suppliers provide raw material to ensure cost reduction during production. On its part, the government has played a key role in ensuring the organization follows the prescribed rules and regulations in the industry to avoid children getting lead poisoning from their toys while the environmental groups have been condemning Mattel Inc. for environmental degradation for using packaging materials from Asia Pulp Company. To gain stakeholder buy-in and commitment, Mattel Inc. should use different and appropriate strategies for each group of stakeholders (Weiss, 2009, p.44). Mattel Inc. should communicate to its customers through advertisement and to employees through meetings. Negotiations would be appropriate for suppliers, government, and environmental groups.
Introduction In the world we live in there are many things which happen and eventually change the course of life. These things happen in our day to day lives and have a great bearing on the direction which we take. These occurrences have come to be mentioned by authors and writers as they try to bring to the fore the issues which face the human beings. One of the renowned authors is Hemmingway. In 1927, Hemingway skillfully brought to light issues which affected and still affect relationships. In his book Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway utilized the setting to enable the reader to understand the theme and the character behind the story. During this time, Spain was a country which was considered to be religious. This was characterized by many catholic churches which stood to represent the moral arm of the society. It is this setting that Hemmingway tries to illustrate the important of morals in the society that is seemingly dwindling from the moral path, following a path that is characterized by pursing selfish and lustful desires. Symbolism This is a story which can be considered to be deceptive in its simplicity. The couple opts to sit and drink as they wait for the train to Madrid. During this moment, they talk about issues of life. However, the talk comes to an end even before the train arrives. Yet within this quiet scene is a moral struggle, an investigation of the spiritual barrenness of modern love that is piercing its precision. Hemin
Introduction “For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son so that everyone who believes in him might not perish but might have eternal life” reads John 3:16. This is the central tenet of Christianity. That God sent his only begotten son to earth that he might, through his Passion death and Resurrection bring about the salvation of man. God became man to save his Children. Jesus as Messiah came to earth and became man for the salvation of souls. Judaism, the original faith from which Christianity arose, rejects this belief. Jesus is not the Messiah the God promised them. For Jews, they must sit quietly faithful for the time when the Messiah comes down to the earth and deliver them, as God promised. Judaism: features Jews believe that God is one and one only. The idea of a Trinity, God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit, is to them a blasphemy akin to polytheism or worship of multiple gods. The first commandment dictates. ‘I am the Lord your God you shall have no other Gods besides me. God alone is worshipped. Jews believe that God is non-corporeal and eternal and he is unlike man. This makes belief in Jesus even harder because Jesus, to Christians, is God that became man. Jews hold that they are the chosen people
How has religion influenced politics? My take is that religion has a tremendous impact on politics. For example, in the United States government, religion has an extremely growing influence. This is to the extent that lawmakers feel distracted. To illustrate this, during the latest debate on healthcare, President Obama had to consent to an executive order, which stipulated that federal finances would never be directed towards abortion. Without his consent, the vital legislation would not have been passed, irrespective of his personal stand on abortion. According to me, religion is being used by conservatives to promote their missions, which is detrimental to any country. In my opinion, another current issue is gay marriage. A keen reflection gives the proof that people consent that gay marriage is a sin. This is entirely because of biblical scriptures. A majority of the countries argue that there should be a separation between the state and church. In addition, every individual is permitted to practice the religion he wishes, without the fear that he might be persecuted. However, different individuals are persecuted every day, which is attributable to the religious beliefs of one group. My take is that this is exceptionally ridiculous. There are so many accusations in the media concerning religious beliefs. There are immense laws at the local and state levels, which shun working on Sundays. These laws have their origins in religion. Majority o
In this essay, I will address the topics relating to the use of lines for Picasso’s “The Girl before a Mirror” and visual depth using three dimensions for Braque’s “Ma Jolie”. The aim here is to gain a judicious understanding on these topics of study, and decipher their implied meaning for both works of art. Picasso’s “The Girl before a Mirror” was painted during the 1930’s, modeled after one of Picasso’s mistresses, Marie Therese Walter. In this, Picasso used thick, aggressive passages of paint and blunt along with swelling contours to depict the vanity reflection of a beautiful woman who admires herself in front of a mirror. The painting attempts to capture the contrasting emotions of effervescence and melancholy present in a woman who tries to hold on to her youth and attractiveness even when the symptoms of ageing are clearly evident. Further, the line dynamics attempt to push and pull the observer to gain a better understanding of the shape and form evident in the drawing. There are plenty of circular arcs depicting facial expressions, the eyes and other visible contours, both in the image of the woman, and the grotesque visuals apparent in the mirror. In addition, the face is colored in chalky, mauve tones and the oval shape of the eyes get replaced with a maroon circle. There is a crescent shape visible in the cheek which depicts the passage of deformity commonly seen in old age. There are several dark spots on the skin that have been depicted as flusters of red. The overall movement of the lines is in the direction of the mirror, clearly alluding to a forgotten passage of time which strikes at the vanity of attractive women. The painting gives the overall impression of a benighted ghost. To describe the visual depth in Braque’s “Ma Jolie”, it has to be kept in mind that both Braque and Picasso were simultaneously responsible for the Cubism movement in art. The lines and patterns commonly seen in Picasso’s art can also be seen in Braque’s painting. He tries to give the natural depiction of a beautiful woman playing the guitar. To add a unique, three-dimensional novelty, Braque cut various cardboard pieces of different sizes, stitched them up and gave an oblique projection feel to the overall drawing. The painting’s three-dimensional quality can also be appreciated in terms of a variety of hand-painted, stencilled letterings which constitute an intrinsic theme comprising birds, wine glasses and women. All of them together constitute an ecstatic celebration of life, conveying a make-believe world whic
Abstract The purpose of this direct study was to look at levels of depression, self-esteem, loneliness, and communal support, and the relationships stuck between these variables, in the middle of teenage mothers participating in the New Parents Project (formerly identified as the Young Parents Project). Therefore, the example consisted of 21 teenage mothers recruited from the three most important health care practices in dissimilar Midwestern cities. It was established that despair scores were in the high variety (CES-DC [greater than] 15) for 53% of the participants. Strong, important relationships were found, apart from between despair and self-esteem. The implications for the improvement of the New Parents Project, to improve meet the mental needs of adolescent mothers, are talking about. Introduction This research focused on the truth that the well-being of elder adults is universal, and their loneliness in exacting, are important themes in new deliberations in the Western earth. Furthermore, the social addition and contribution of older adults in civilization are seen as indicators of creative aging, and the mitigation of loneliness forms a fraction of policies aimed at achieving the objective of ‘successful’ aging. Discussions concerning loneliness day back to ancient times, when they were led by theorists (Peplau, L., & Perlman, D, 2002). They wrote first and foremost about ‘positive’ loneliness. Therefore, this optimistic type of loneliness – as indicated in the concept of ‘Einsamkeit’ used in German text until 1945 – is perceived to be connected to the unpaid withdrawal from the everyday hassles of life and leaning towards senior goals, such as mirror image, thought and message with God. Loneliness is one of the nearly everyone all-encompassing person experiences, yet it is very difficult to describe. No doubt, Medora and Woodward (1986) distinct it as a reply to the absence of an adequate optimistic relationship to persons, places, or belongings (Peplau, L., Miceli, M., & Morasch, B, 2002). Peplau and Perlman (1982) referred to loneliness as the mental state those results from discrepancies flanked by one’s wish and one’s real relationships. Definitions According to Rook (1984), “loneliness is distinct as a lasting condition of emotional distress that arises at what time a person feels alienated from, misunderstood, or discarded by others and/or lacks appropriate communal partners for preferred activities, chiefly activities that provide an intelligence of social addition and opportunities for moving intimacy”. According to the expert analysis, Peplau also authorized this mechanism as the cause of loneliness. The roots of this knowledge she has described as being “the consequence of early on life experiences in which isolation, indifference, and bareness were the code themes that characterized the child’s relations with others.” Fromm-Reichmann has referred to ”real loneliness” as the condition of the brain “in which the information that there was populace in one’s history life is more or less beyond and the expectati
Non-fiction novel is a story about real people and real events, set forth using the dramatic techniques inherent in the book. The founder of this genre is considered the American writer Truman Capote, who in 1965 wrote the first report in the form of the novel In Cold Blood . The author defined his work as a new genre – the novel non-fiction. The book immediately became a bestseller and is still considered one of the best novels non-fiction in the world. Accordingly, this paper strives to outline the author’s biography, summarize the novel, discuss the main characters, and provide a personal opinion to grasp the essence of the story. The Author of the novel In Cold Blood Truman Capote was born in New Orleans, where he lived the first eighteen years of his life. He began to write at the age of eight. When Truman was 19 years old, Mademoiselle Magazine published his story Miriam , which was awarded the O. Henry Prize (Bolling, 2016). In 1949, his collection The Tree of the Night and Other Stories was published, and in 1951 was published the story Voices of Grass . In 1948, his first novel, Other Voices, Other Rooms, was released, which critics greeted with great enthusiasm. Truman Capote was a childhood friend of the writer Harper Lee and became the prototype of Dill from her novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Capote was an open homosexual and stood out for eccentricity in his manners. He played several roles in the cinema, and in 1977 received a nomination for a film award in the category: Best Acting Debut in a Feature Film (Marsh, 2016). Tumen Capote died on August 25, 1984, from cirrhosis of the liver, which was caused by narcotic toxicosis when he was 59 years old (Caudill, 2016). The body of Kapote was cremated, Joan Carson and Capote’s lover Jack Dunphy shared the ashes. Many of his works were filmed, more than 20 films were shot, and the writer himself often acted in films. In 2005, Bennett Miller made the film Capote, which tells the story of how the novel In Cold Blood was written (Voss, 2015). The premiere of the film coincided with Truman’s birthday. Summary of the novel In Cold Blood was based on the stories of real crimes committed 1959 in Kansas, and reveals the nature of violence as a complex social and psychological phenomenon. Once in a calm and picturesque place called Holcomb, there was a terrible murder. Criminals brutally cracked down on a whole family, which enjoyed particular respect among residents, clutters was a sample in every sense. The head of the family, Herbert Clatter, did not drink, smoke, and was an exemplary family man who lives and works only for the sake of the loved ones (Caudill, 2016). Honest farmer, he
Reporting Scheme The introduction of a Blackboard learning management system (LMS) into a school setting would require extensive training of all teachers involved. It would enable them to use the system effectively as part of their daily routines and allow them to teach the students to use it as well (Nyabawa, 2016). The proposed reporting scheme would a four-level setup, including the following evaluation criteria:   * Level 1. Participant reaction. This part of the reporting scheme is required in order to grade the participant’s reaction to the proposed innovation and change. Gathering this data would help guide the change management and leadership process by gauging how willing and enthusiastic the participants are (Watt, 2014). The criteria evaluated in this level include the opinion towards Blackboard, the willingness to train, and the perceived benefits/downsides of the implementation.   * Level 2. Participant learning. This level will include the knowledge already possessed by the learner, the knowledge they gained over the course of training, and potential educational goals for the future (Watt, 2014). This information is required to evaluate the progress throughout the training intervention.   * Level 3. Knowledge transfer. This report form will evaluate how well does the participant implement the newfound knowledge at the workplace (Watt, 2014). Since the proposed intervention relates to the implementation of Blackboard in a school setting, the criteria will revolve around its use in the teaching process.   * Level 4. Organizational impact. The final level of the reporting scheme will concern itself with the transformation of the participant’s workplace (Frazier & Hearrington, 2017). It will evaluate the effectiveness of Blackboard as a learning management system. This scheme addresses all of the potential variables required for guiding and evaluating the proposed organizational chain. It is based on the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) framework, which is often implemented in teaching projects (Luederitz et al., 2017). Importance of Evaluating and Reporting in Training Training employees is one of the most important HR-related processes in an organization or a company (Watt, 2014). It revolves around teaching specific skills in order to maximize the efficiency and quality of labor. Leading for-profit and non-profit organizations conduct training sessions for their workers on a regular basis, in order to maintain their competitive edge. Educating personnel is a costly venture; it requires space, instruments, educational leaders, and related software (Moldovan, 2016). In a government-funded facility, such as school, the budgetary constraints dictate the need for thrifty spending. In other words, every dollar spent on training should be paid off in increased productivity and quality of education for students. Evaluation and reporting play an important part in determining and ensuring the cost-efficiency of the process (Frazier & Hearrington, 2017). Without the means of doing so, change directors would not be able to tell whether their