ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the “Nothing like Any Previous Musical, British or American: The Beatles’ Film a Hard Day’s Night” the author, Rowana Agajanian, explains the importance of the film “A Hard Day’s Night” as the key to understanding the features of the 1960s. Freedom, love, peace – these are the signs of the 1960s. Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Jimi Hendrix, the Beatles – these are the icons and legends of the 1960s. The power of the music and the image has brought the British band the Beatles to the status of icons in the United Kingdom, in the United States of America and in a whole world. The Beatles’ music has always been in the spotlight, but their film work has been of much less interest. As a group the Beatles took part in four films and the cartoon movie. They are “A Hard Day’s Night” (1964), “Help!” (1965), “Magical Mystery Tour” (1967), “Yellow Submarine” (the cartoon movie) (1968), “Let It Be” (1970). Among these films, “A Hard Day’s Night” is truly a window into the sixties. More than fifty years have passed since the film premiere, but it is still able to fascinate and delight. In today’s perception of “A Hard Day’s Night” prevails the feeling of the nostalgia and warm sorrow for the good old times, when the Beatles were at the top of their popularity. “A Hard Day’s Night” shows us one “ordinary” day of the Beatles’ life. They travel from their hometown Liverpool to London to make a performance on the television. The Beatles try to get to the studio without being torn to the souvenirs by enthusiastic admirers, cause the nervous breakdown of their manager, have fun and get into different other adventures and stories. As a matter of fact, the Beatles’ “ordinary” day is not ordinary at all: it is quite difficult and very eventful. But they are spending their time in a relaxed, spontaneous and light manner. The film was directed by American-born director Richard Lester, who lived in the Great Britain. The screenplay was written by a British screenwriter Alun Owen, who has grown up in Liverpool, the hometown of the Beatles. He spent a couple of days with the group, and they told him about their life. Therefore, Owen has written the screenplay from the specific point of view. He has showed the Beatles as the hostages of their fame, as though the timetable of their concerts and studio work was the worst punishment for them. Owen was able to catch not only the lifestyle of the British musicians, but also their personalities. Both director and screenwriter have done a great job. The author suggests that due to successful tandem of the American director and the British screenwriter, “A Hard Day’s Night” combines two distinct genres – the Hollywood fiction and fantasy, as well as the British fact and realism. Furthermore, the film reveals the relationships between Britain and the United States in cultural exchange. The 1960s was the period of so-called “British invasion” when the British music, film, and fashion tended to dominate the United States and Western Europe. The Beatles were one of the most significant elements of “British invasion”. Permanent conflicts with parents, the thousands of rules, the prohibition to be differen
The functioning of any company that operates on the international level and has huge incomes is always related to various risks. There is a great possibility of financial collapse and bankruptcy as the conditions of the modern market could be considered complicated. It is obvious, that the failure of a great international corporation could not but impact wide sections of the population and numerous companies whose functioning depends on its success. However, a case is more complex when there is a possibility of a fraud that might pursue various aims. Under these conditions, depositors and other actors who depend on the revenues of a company that is going to cheat or use some inappropriate strategies that could help owners of a company to obtain huge and undocumented incomes might suffer. That is why it is crucial to analyze a case of this sort to understand the main model according to which a company might act. Lehman Brothers Fraud could be considered a case of this sort. Being an influential and powerful international company, it had a great impact on the well-being of various people. For this reason, its collapse was considered an outstanding event in the business world. On September 18, 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy. (“Case Study: The Collapse of Lehman Brothers” par. 1). Its debt was about $619 billion and conditioned the appearance of a great public response (“Case Study: The Collapse of Lehman Brothers” par. 1). The case was taken as the largest bankruptcy in history as it was the fourth-largest US investment bank with about 25000 employees all over the world (“Case Study: The Collapse of Lehman Brothers” par. 3). A great scope of the problem predetermined great attention given to it and conditioned the appearance of numerous papers that tend to investigate the case and obtain a clear understanding of the patterns used by the company when passing through the insolvency proceeding. The company was founded by German immigrant Henry Lehman in Montgomery, Alabama in 1844. Later, in 1850 it transformed into Lehman Brothers. It managed to face several challenges that appeared in the course of its evolution and became a powerful international corporation that had an opportunity to impact the US economy greatly. However, the 2008 financial crisis and the collapse of the US housing market conditioned the significant worsening of the companys well-being and predetermined its collapse. During the 2003 and 2004 housing boom, the company managed to acquire five mortgage lenders that were taken as the guarantee of its beneficial evolution (Moody par. 9). However, the apparent cracks in the US housing market resulted in the crucial alteration of the situation and the appearance of numerous problems with investors, depositors, and stakeholders. It could be considered the beginning of the companys bankruptcy as conditions
Introduction Natural law came into existence back in the time of the ancient Greeks. It is the morally acceptable protocol by which human beings tend to gravitate towards. Human beings use their senses to observe and minds to reason out issues, thereby discovering the natural law. Natural law theory believes that the world was purposefully created. Christianity does agree with the natural law to a great extent and seeks to connect it with God. Philosophy and religion relate in terms of faith and reason. Philosophy uses reason in its attempt to give solutions to mankind, while religion uses faith for the same purposes (Haakonssen, 1996). Natural Law In its view of the world, this law believes that the things in the world were created for the sake of man. It takes into perspective the rain, which it states its main reason is to water the plants. The plants, in turn, do grow for the sake of man and animals. Animals are there to serve mankind hence completing the view that everything created points towards the man as the final beneficiary (Rachels & Rachels, 2012).0 In the moral sense, natural law defined what is good or bad, what is natural and unnatural. It classified the system of the world to be in perfect equilibrium when everything that was created, hence serving their purpose of existence. In any case that they do not serve their purpose, they are classified as being in the wrong. An example of such is when strong winds develop hurricanes that cause havoc in the dry land. Ocean water is expected to rise and fall within the ocean and when they break and come to the mainland, they are considered a disaster (Rachels & Rachels, 2012). A man getting married to another man is also considered unnatural judging from the fact that the world over animals observes mating by opposite sexes. Morality and God Christians are of the view that there is an eternal law that is subject to God’s plan. Humans and animals take part in the never-ending law through natural law. The ability of human beings to reason helps them play an active role in the eternal law as compared to the other creatures that have not the power of reason. All creation was given their purpose by God (Haakonssen, 1996). Natural law’s challenges The fact that natural law puts things on the weighing scale of what is natural is good, faces serious shortfalls. This is so due to the nature of things like the natural behavior of children to tell a lie without being coached. Another example is on the animals that feed on their young ones once they are born. These aren’t good things, though they naturally occur (Haakonssen, 1996). The second natural law challenge is an example given by human beings. They like animals have reproductive systems, but unlike animals, they are highly relational and do have an intellect. Animals use their reproductive system for
Introduction The free market economic model dominates the world economy. With the exception of china, Cuba and North Korea, the rest of the world’s economies are dominated by free market principles where forces of demand and supply dictate market trends. In the theory of the firm, business operate in conditions dictated by the two forces but that operate on larger context of microeconomic and macroeconomic environments. The microenvironment represents the market conditions and/or elements that a firm has control over and which it can easily be manipulated to suit its marketing operations. They are the factors that determine the firm’s provision of goods or services. The factors may include intermediaries, the competing firms, and conditions within the firm itself. On the other hand the macro environment refers to the expanded business space that is characterized by forces beyond the individual firm’s control.. They include demographic factors that largely involve characteristics and trends of the population, economy, political climate, cultural characteristics, technology, and natural forces. In the free market environment, firms are in business to make profit. One of the most important concepts in capitalism is marketing. Due to competition, firms try to entice customers to buy their products to make extra money. Competition is brought due to the presence of multiple players in different industries and sectors in the economy. Food and snack industry is one of the biggest scores in the above economic order that employs millions of people in the US and worldwide. Stacy’s Pita Chip Company, a manufacturer of healthy, baked, natural snack foods, and a leading player in the snack and food market will form the basis of analysis in this paper. Both the micro and macro business environments in which it operates will be analyzed as well as the marketing mix that it has adopted to sell its products. The company has wide variety of products on offer to its customers. This paper is supposed to specifically analyze the marketing approach of cinnamon and sugar chips. It’s important to note that the company has no explicit marketing approach that explicitly focuses on the product. The marketing strategy that it has adopted focuses all the products under the Pitaman brand name. The paper will therefore be focusing on cinnamon in reference to the overall strategy adopted by Pitaman. Macro and Micro business environment Microenvironment The microenvironments in which Stacy’s operate as include the company itself, marketing techniques, intermediaries, suppliers, and competitors. The current environment of the company refers to the departments and management of the company. The various departments may include finance, research, development, and accounting. All the departments have a role to play in the making of marketing decisions. Stacy’s is a relatively small company compared to industry leader s
Introduction War is a conflict of power that involves nations and other parties and it is at times inevitable as conflicting sides usually try to exert their influences on each other and the rest of the world (Clausewitz, 77). To minimize the damage and effects of wars, theorists came up with the limited war theory and a majority of them defined it as the boundary between political resolve and physical authority (Kissinger, 24). The basic principle of the limited war theory is the avoidance of armed war and the mutual destruction that is brought by it. Several definitions of the limited war exist in the Western world, particularly in the United States. Most of these definitions were made after World War II and seemed to have focused on the actions of the US military to ensure that it did not pose a threat or the instant destruction of the perceived enemies. The major war enemies during World War II were the United States and the Soviet Union. A limited war theory is described as one in which the confrontational parties’ objective is not to seek for the absolute destruction of their enemies. The theory also puts limits on the use of a given nation’s available resources in war. These resources can be military, human or technological. The conflicting sides should state the reasons for fighting and state tangible, precise objectives which do not require a lot of military actions. The theory postulates that war should be engaged in a defined, local geographical area (Giap, 35). The rules of the limited war theory might include not firing at the enemy except if the enemy fires at you first or not pursuing an enemy into an area which is termed as neutral. If one of the parties wants to attack its enemy, it can only do so in a particular defined territory so that it can differentiate between the combatants and the civilians (Kissinger, 37). The theory directs that the parties engaged in war must limit themselves to using certain weapons that they may have. The theory defines the kind of military infrastructure that should be targeted by a given enemy (Kissinger 39). The foundation of the limited war theory The limited war theory was introduced in the 1950s when military philosophers emphasized the association between political objectives and military means. This fact was made so after the Soviet Union was declared equal to the
It is common knowledge that publishing firms employ people. They have a staff that includes editors and others who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the publishing house. [1] This means that publishing is not only about books but also about the business of selling books to make a profit. [2] These areas of concern focus on the practical aspect of publishing. [3] However, publishers are not just employers and businessmen, they are also “cultural mediators and arbitrators of quality and taste.” [4] In other words publishers have the power to shape the course of history and one of the best examples can be seen in recent events when Pearson, the publishing firm that owns Financial Times and Penguin decided to withhold the payment of dividend to Libyan Investment Authority on moral grounds. [5] According to Thompson there are four types of resources that publishing companies possess and these are: economic capital, human capital, symbolic capital and intellectual capital. [6] The economic and human capital are aspects of the business that are tangible and easily recognisable by the general public. This includes the buildings where the offices can be found. This also includes the facilities and the equipment needed to publish books. The human capital on the other hand are the people involved in the business and make it possible for the firm to do all the labour needed turn manuscripts into books and deliver to the hands of the consumers. In the first two resources that was discussed a publisher is seen as both an employer and a risk taker. There is a need to learn the intricacies of managing people, hiring and replacing those that are no longer effective in their work. A good hire will increase the economic and human capital of the firm. In addition the publisher will have to manage the office, the facilities needed for publishing work and other material needed by the firm. This means that a publisher is the major risk taker in the said venture. He or she must learn how to make it work to succeed in the business or face financial ruin. However, making money and managing people are just part of the publishers major responsibilities. In order to sustain success a publisher must realise that there is a need to be mindful of the firm’s symbolic capital or how they outside world perceived the firm. This is true when it comes to current trends and issues that has to be addressed etc. A publisher has the power to shape culture and history. This can be achieved in two major ways. First, a publisher can choose what issues to support and what issues to condemn. Second, a publisher has the power to hire and support a particular writer while make it difficult for another to succeed. This is true for publishing firms that are already on top of the literary world. Imagine for instance that a powerful publishing firm decided to support an idea, runs with it and throws all its resources behind its promotion. Books will be published of course and when the book is successful the firm can e
In this paper, I will argue that abortion is morally permissible, and Marquis’ argument that ‘abortion is immoral’ is flawed. I will explain the merits of Thompson’s argument and philosophical worth. On the other hand, I will point out inconsistencies in Marquis’ arguments about the immorality of abortion. According to Judith Thompson, the argument against the morality of abortion contains several inconsistencies. The author points out that most opposition against abortion is packaged under the premise that a fetus is a human being (Thomson 47). Thompson does not explicitly disregard this premise, but she takes issue with the manner in which the opponents of abortion have made their argument. For instance, the author observes that the opponents of abortion do not correctly point out the exact moment when life starts. In addition, the people who oppose abortion do not differentiate which ‘life’ is more precious than the other. Thompson’s main opponent is Don Marquis, who argues that abortion is only permissible on very rare occasions. The two arguments are quite solid because they are well supported with viable facts. However, Thompson’s argument is stronger than that of Marquis because it makes more sense to both proponents and opponents of abortion. According to Thompson, the argument that life starts at conception and that a fetus has the same rights to life as a fully-grown human being is flawed from the start. Therefore, it is likely for those people who consider abortion to be immoral to contradict themselves. Thompson uses the term ‘slippery slope’ to describe the arguments that dispute the morality of abortion (Thomson 48). First, it is not easy to identify the moment and time when a fetus becomes a human being. Consequently, it is safe to assume that the argument that a fetus acquires full human features before it is born is viable. However, the fact that most arguments against the morality of abortion start and end with proving that a fetus is a person raises several questions. On the other hand, the proponents of abortion do not see the need to go past this argument, and they, therefore, present the argument that a fetus is not part of human tissue, but it only becomes a pers
Introduction Different countries have different reasons for possessing dangerous ulcer weapons. Many of the countries in possession of the weapons cite defense as their foremost reason. It proves difficult to ascertain the exact number of the weapons a country possesses due to the high level of secrecy involved. For instance, as revealed by the federation of American scientists, China records approximately 180 full of zip nuclear weaponry but owning 240 of them in summation as recorded in the 2009 statistics. Despite of these, China is the “second smallest country that possesses such weapons as compared to other five major states possessing these nuclear weapons” (Kristensen, Robert, & Matthew, 2006, p.53). However, what triggers the minds of many is whether the Chinese nuclear weapon arsenal is stability or an instability force in Asia. As the paper unfolds, China’s nuclear weapon arsenal stands out as a force for stability in Asia. Discussion China has signed various treaties for its safety use of its nuclear weapons. It is one of the countries, which have signed the nuclear nonproliferation treaty. The treaty, ratified by China in 1992, illustrates the commitment of China in using its nuclear for the purposes of stability of its continent as opposed to causing instability (Kristensen, Robert, & Matthew, 2006, p.45). Therefore, the claim alone is a package enough to declare the Chinese nuclear weapon arsenal a stability force in Asia. Furthermore, among the five states, China gave an assurance of security to those countries without possession of nuclear weapons. Furthermore, the Chinese policy “no first use rule” asserts their concerns on stability. This policy means that the use of their nuclear weapons will come as the last resort if the circumstances require that they use them. As Michael (2011, Para. 4) observes, “The white paper of 2005 released by the foreign ministry states that the government would not use its weapons under any circumstances and at any time as its first option” during any time of war. It further postulates that China will under no circumstances use nuclear weapons on a non-nuclear weapon state. Furthermore, China has, of recent had good relations with other countries, the US being among them. For instance, in the status and evolution paper on the china nuclear arsenal, union of concerned scientists assured the world that China had no intention of enhancing any parity with the Us (Michael, 2011, Para.5). Further, the paper raised the concern of its arsenal being able to protect the people of China in order for it to survive any attack and have the ability to retaliate. This therefore, implies that China has no ill intention of its nuclear weapon causing any form of mayhem but rather fosters stability of its country as well as the safety of its people. Conclusion In conclusion, while some countries possesses nuclear firearms based on some instability force evident in their corresponding continents, China assumes the reverse as its nuclear weapon arsenal is no more than a force of stability in Asia. It proves the