ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the modern, rapidly changing business environment, organizations are in need of new approaches to management. Alternative organizational models allow for creating a unique corporate culture and create opportunities for growth, talent development, and competitive business advantages. In particular, a newly introduced concept of holacracy challenges conventional hierarchal approaches. The context of this essay is the application of holacracy in modern business organizations, which allows for increasing the level of organizational resilience, agility, employee autonomy, and productivity. Objectives The objective of this essay is to explore the concept of holacracy and compare it with hierarchy to identify the merits of holacracy as an alternative organizational model. Overview Firstly, the definition of holacracy will be provided with a discussion of its main differences from the hierarchy. Secondly, the main benefits of the application of holacracy will be presented using recent scholarly publications on the topic. Finally, a summary of the main points and concluding statements and findings will be introduced. Benefits of Holacracy Holacracy is an organizational model that emerged as the result of globalization, population diversification, and technological advancement. It is an approach that justifies decentralized management with self-organizing groups functioning as autonomous task-driven units within an organization (Mosamim & Ningrum, 2020). Unlike hierarchal structure, where a top-down approach of management is applied, holacracy allows for the identification of new ideas, new opportunities for self-management through individualism, new organizational structure, and culture (Kumar & Mukherjee, 2018). On the contrary to hierarchy, holacracy ensures more responsibility through increased individualism and self-management. Furthermore, it helps the organizations to be more resilient and agile due to decentralized structure (Skorková et al., 2019). It helps generate new ideas for better competitiveness through creativity that is enabled by non-hierarchal corporate culture. Summary The most important points raised were whether holacracy has more advantages over hierarchy in modern organizational settings. The concept was defined as a new organizational model of a decentralized individualism-empowering management approach. Its core difference from hierarchy was identified in the opportunities for self-organizing groups functioning on the principles of self-management, which forms culture, structure, creativity, resilience, and competitiveness of a business entity. Conclusion From the evidence available, one can state that holacracy is more effective than hierarchy. It is more applicable to the highly competitive business environment and diverse workforce. Moreover, it allows for fast decision-making, problem-solving, and recovery, as well as the generation of competitive advantages.
Introduction Studies have revealed that the number of workers above the age of 55 has increased sharply (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 2012). This change is believed to pose a major challenge to different companies as they struggle to focus on their business goals. This predicament is associated with physical inactivity, disability and reduced concentration level. Performance management of the ageing workforce is an area that has gained much attention in the recent past. This discussion presents a critical review of academic literature on the field. Performance Management of the Ageing Workforce from a Strategic Level Many scholars have been focusing on performance management in young employees. However, Ciutiene and Railaite (2014) believe that performance management should be considered in an attempt to support every worker. This strategy presents adequate information and resources to meet the needs of more employees and eventually drive performance. Within the past decade, organisational theorists have explored how performance management can be applied to the ageing population to maximise productivity. Barnes, Smeaton and Taylor (2009) indicate that leaders should be sensitive to the changing needs of older employees. This practice is essential since elderly citizens encounter various psychological health concerns. Modern leaders have identified various approaches to support this workforce. For instance, managers use their competencies to understand the unique needs of the workers. The acquired knowledge in then used to motivate these employees (Ciutiene & Railaite 2014). T
I have a personal friend working in one of the leading banks (in the region) as a Direct Sales Representative. I had an opportunity to interview him about the position, responsibilities, academic qualifications, and training requirements. Critically, the Direct Sales Representative’s position is fundamental to the bank as it assumes core and integral dealings. The position is within the sales department headed by the director of retail banking (Fitch, 15). The head of sales is the second in command within the sales department and manages a team of regional sales managers. Within the team, there are sales managers from diverse sections and branches of the bank. The duties of the direct sales representative include the following:  1. They initiate first contact with clients and manage relationships.  2. They directly sell the bank’s products, including accounts, loans, and credit cards.  3. They offer customer care services to clients. This includes answering customer queries, assisting them in filling in forms, providing directions, and assisting customers in other application areas.  4. They proactively market for both lending and deposits from current and prospective clients.  5. Finally, they achieve monthly, quarterly, and yearly sales targets. The holder of the direct sales representative position must have certain qualifications that the bank’s Human Resource department specifies. These qualifications include:  1. A university degree in a business-related course.  2. A post-graduate diploma in sales and marketing or customer care.  3. Computer literacy and excellent communication skills. The position is tasking, engages, and entails more than the roles described above. The salesperson has to initiate contacts and manage the bank’s relationship with the clients. Therefore, the person must source for clients. It also requires the salesperson to promote the bank’s products and services (Walsh & Robert, 30). Similarly, the employee may directly sell the bank’s products. Once the job holder gets a client, he or she has to assist the client fill in the account opening form or the loan application form and then take a photo of the client. This is an important consideration in diverse contexts. Operating in favor of customers (when it deems appropriate) is demanded in order to capture and retain various customers. The direct sales representative must have adequate knowledge of the bank’s products, services, and operations so as to provide excellent customer care services (Fitch, 45). This, therefore, requires the sales staff to regularly hold meetings and remind themselves about the products available, the services they offer, and the bank charges. The salesperson must be tactical when offering customer care services. Additionally, one
Introduction Throughout history, the understanding of human nature has been a complex phenomenon. Scholars, philosophers, researchers and the laymen, have been reading different scripts, concerning the real nature of human society and human thinking. Different philosophers, including Plato and Galileo, have offered insightful ideas concerning the actual nature of human mind and the society in general. The segregation of mankind on knowledge has been provided by these two philosophers. Based on their ideas, rejection of new ideas is the rule in human society. Mankind is always suspicious of new things and knowledge concerning his surrounding. In regards to Plato’s Allegory of the cave and Galileo Galilei’s Dialogue of Two Chief World Systems , the human society is highly segregated on knowledge and awareness, concerning what is true or false. A strong connection exists between the ideas of the two philosophers, Plato and Galileo, whereby, the actual nature of human mind and the nature of learning have been exposed. The philosophers and the laymen are living in two distinct worlds, as far as knowledge and understanding of the globe is concerned. Discussion Due to the different levels of knowledge of people in the society, there is a very great challenge in the way people learn. The nature of human kind is always suspicio
Comorbidity is the concurrent existence of two or more diseases in a victim. The comorbidity of anxiety syndromes with substance use disorders is utterly common (Turner et al., 2018). Post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, depression, and mood conditions develop after a disaster or a traumatic event (Alexander et al., 2018). The comorbidity is complicated because substance abuse may result in an individual from efforts to self-medicate the agonizing signs of post-traumatic stress syndrome. Therefore, when people withdraw from drug use, the symptoms become severe, leading to addiction. This paper concerns the self-medication hypothesis to illustrate how post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder may develop. The hypothesis of self-medication is one of the mechanisms that can expound the comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety illness. It was described as a mental clarification method for comorbidity in 1985 (Turner et al., 2018). A survey was conducted to establish the prevalence of self-medication with drugs and alcohol among a population with post-traumatic stress disorder. The results indicated that the prevalence varied from 21% to 24% (Turner et al., 2018). Being divorced, separated, or widowed were the features related to higher proportions of respondents endorsing self-medication with alcohol and drugs to reduce the effects of anxiety and depression. The reasons why the self-medication hypothesis is the preferred model are detailed further. It is supportive to healthcare as it offers a clear pathway to suffers from exiting addiction, which, in turn, enhances the bond between specialists and victims, it improves access to dosages, and it may also decrease the cost of a prescribed drug. A female neighbor who developed substance use ailment after being raped by unknown people is a perfect example of the hypothesis. The woman started drinking alcohol to suppress the effects caused by the trauma, and, as a result, she developed an addiction. Therefore, post-traumatic stress disorder relates directly to substance use problems in individuals. The risk factors for traumatic stress should be avoided since they will further worsen the pre-existing medical condition, for instance, high blood pressure or diabetes mellitus. Provision of alternative coping techniques to anxiety and pressure patients may reduce comorbidity.
Introduction The modern world is becoming increasingly globalized, reflected in how major businesses, markets, and economies merge into a large international arena of interests, demands, and supplies. The same principle can be observed in social and political aspects since one nation’s goals, and interests are ultimately intertwined with the globe. Thus, nations are imagined communities, whereas states are politico-social, and globalization is antagonized by nationalism. Main body It is important to understand the idea of nationalism through the relationship between the concepts of state and nation. The first major concept, which can be used to further the overall comprehension of these concepts, is Benedict Anderson’s nation-states called imagined communities. The historian and scholar challenged the idea of nationhood by stating that it is mostly arbitrary and comprised of similar binding forces, such as city-states. It is stated that certain elements “were central to a sense of “nation-ness”—imagining, restoring, remembering, dreaming” (Bergholz 519). In other words, nations are a group of individuals who share a sense of communion despite not knowing each other. The whole notion is tied to the foundation of statehood, which led to the development of nationhood (Bergholz 520). In other words, nations are imagined, but states are the primary drivers of such arbitrary bonding. Therefore, a nation is mostly psycho-cultural, whereas states are political-legal because the former is comprised of common history, religion, language, land, and culture, whereas the latter consists of government, territory, population, and sovereignty. Globalization is currently the major force of changes and shifts in the international landscape, which is constantly leaving its mark on national cultures, national economies, and national benefits. It is stated that “while the global era denotes a cosmopolitan vision, economic insecurity, growing inequality in wealth distribution, as well as cultural change and shifts in traditional values and norms have brought about a broader concern that globalization” (Flew and Iosifidis 7). The main reason is due to the fact that globalization “is associated with a shift of power to transnational elites, whose impact upon common people’s lives and experiences is not fully acknowledged” (Flew and Iosifidis 7). In other words, the crisis of citizenship is rooted in the notion of the disappearance of elements that comprise a nation. National cultures are becoming global, and people are no longer contained in a state since it is easier to relocate and immigrate. Economies are no longer isolated because transnational companies can operate in several nations
Critical appraisal The significant questions this article raises for me are:  1. How to establish that places considered ordinary, thus every day become therapeutic or health affirming?  2. What are the premises that must be considered to give credence to the proposal of the authors? These questions are important since there is a need to base one opinion or proposal over an already established or proven opinion that could support the proposal. Therefore, this essay shall present the strengths of the author’s proposal. With the premise that therapeutic landscapes have contributed noticeably to the development of post-medical geography of health”, the authors would like to pose that health-affirming and health-denying places exist together in everyday life. They believe and tried to illustrate that it is possible for places to simultaneously hurt and heal so that the therapeutic effect of a place is largely contributory on individuals’ physical and social locations. Landscape, in geographic terms, has been defined to refer to the appearance of an area particularly its social, cultural, and political aspects that shape the place. It is a social document that produces and sustains meaning (Gesler, 1992). Gesler (1998) went as far as suggesting that “places achieve positive or negative reputations because people perceive that they do or do not fulfill basic needs such as providing security, a feeling of identity, material wants or aesthetic pleasure,” (p 17). The key points of the paper are:   * The development of reputation or image of a place depends on the relational aspects of place such as how a place interacts with depends on the existing social and economic structures and how places are perceived by that outside and within their boundaries   * Construction and interpretation of the image of the place happens within broad social processes that may impact some areas or social groups such as the shift from industrial to post-industrial production of cities, which may be considered an economic condition, and earn a level of places of decline;   * Negative experience, perception, and label results in a stigma so that even people in a stigmatized location also bear with them the negative perception as evidence or symbol of the stigma, thereby, stereotyped;   * Although boundaries may serve a separation and containment, other negative physical attributes of a place such as pollution or dirt where masking or the “neighborhood halo effect” may occur, although Greenberg and Schneider (1996) contends that some places viewed as unpleasant by outsiders may be perceived differently by the area residents;   * Thus, the authors propose that the re-negotiation of a local place image is central to the maintenance of well-being: that the healing process could occur in every day and less pristine places, that the interpretation of places a therapeutic is of central importance to well-being. Investigating the health-affirming and health-denying landscapes adds up to the understanding of risk perception and stigma as well as the rationale on how or why places are constructed as therapeutic. Experience of places and the meanings att
One of the reasons why the television series Breaking bad (2008-2013) and Prison break (2005-2009) were able to attain much popularity with the viewing audiences, is that the themes and motifs, contained in them, do resonate with what happened to be the realities of living in contemporary America. In my paper, I will explore the validity of this statement at length, while elaborating on what can be deemed the discursive significance of the settings, seen in both TV shows. I will also define the qualitative specifics of how some of the featured characters use language to interact. Even though that the theme of crime equally affects the plot-developments in Breaking bad and Prison break , it is namely the former, in which the sociological implications of this theme appear to be particularly apparent. The reason for this is that the show’s plot (concerned with the process of the main character Walter White undergoing a transformation from a chemistry teacher into a drug-dealer) cannot be discussed outside of what are the classic conventions of the so-called ‘American dream’. That is, Walter’s metamorphosis, in this respect, appears having been reflective of his willingness to attain a social prominence through money – the actual indication of one’s true worth, as seen by the majority of Americans. One of the reasons for this is that, as it can be seen in the series, their creators made a deliberate point in ensuring that the featured settings are being consistent with the status-related anxieties, experienced by viewers. For example, throughout the Season 1, Walter and his family are shown living in the clearly lower middle-class suburbia, with their house (especially kitchen) clearly lacking space for all to be comfortably accommodated. Nevertheless, as Walter continues to make and sell methamphetamine, the living conditions of his family gradually improve. For example, in the Episode 1 (Season 4), Walter’s wife Skylar is seen talking on the phone in the house, which has been completely renovated from the inside and outside. This, of course, invokes the images of what the notion of the upper middle-class stand for. In part, this explains why ever since it began to be aired, Breaking bad never ceased sparking a certain controversy – one of the messages that it conveys, is that it matters very little, as to how one goes about becoming a financially secure individual. All that it matters,
Thailand is one of the world’s producers of quality medical services associated with surgery; which it has become very reputable in offering cosmetic surgeries. In this case, one of the most important considerations that have been made to ensure consumer-driven services is of the highest quality. Following the current environmental changes and the exposure of the ozone layer, many skin complications have been reported in which many of the victims end up undertaking plastic surgery. the provision of medical services in contemporary society has become very eminent as a result of the current advancement in technology which has resulted in contacting of various skin ailments. This paper presents a critical appraisal of a cultural trend that has led to Thailand’s prosperity in its service provision in cosmetic surgery across the world (Gilman, 1999). Perhaps, Thailand has succeeded in ensuring quality service provision on cosmetic surgery for facially impaired individuals and other skin-related problems. In this regard, more than 70% of people in the world who have skin complications go to Thailand for plastic surgery as the services there are offered at very competitive prices. In this case, many of such victims who go to Thailand are middle-aged women for surgery against breast cancer and skin transplantation as they use cosmetics more than men. Further, it has been revealed that many people who go to have plastic surgery are of high income as most of the skin-related complications are related to very expensive lotions and also they can afford the cost of undergoing the surgery (Davis, 2003). More so, the country has put a lot of emphasis on education related to surgery by availing technological education on surgery to all schools in the entire country. By so doing, Thailand has enhanced its reputation in offering quality services to its clients across the world. By so doing, its services in cosmetic surgery have been revealed to be of high quality and very helpful in retaining and renovating skins of various individuals who initially were undergoing various problems in their skins. Many citizens in Thailand are born in a technologically oriented society where many scholars engage in cosmetics surgery following the high temperatures and use of cosmetics in the country (Gilman, 1999). Their national brand of consumer choice is one of the main factors that has led to the massive expansion of Thailand’s surgical service offering; in which they offer consumer-driven services at affordable rates. In this case, being a technologically oriented country, Thailand has succeeded in offering quality education to its citizens of issues related to human health and extensive and intensive researches carried out in the country which results in its top quality services in cosmetic surgery. More than 40% of Thailand’s scholars aged between 25-40 years are undergoing plastic surgery training which ensures the provision of high-quality surgeons in the country. This culture of the young generation of following the footpaths of the elders in majoring in Plast