ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pluralism is defined as an aspect that brings a bond that leads to a common society from all diversities. In the United States of America, there is a lot of religious diversity, but the relationships that exist among various faiths create a common society. The engagement among different faiths and their relationships leads to some instances of pluralism. The act of pluralism has enabled United States to manage its widening cultural and religious diversity (Dillon, 2003). It is evident that, several issues have been solved in America through the efforts of pluralism. For instance, it was a good show in San Francisco when a church and a mosque happened to purchase a piece of land and constructed their buildings side by side. Such incidences are very crucial even in minimizing religious wars and conflicts. Currently, there is the presence of interreligious infrastructures in major cities and towns. Interfaith dialogues, whereby interfaith thanksgiving services are held at manage such situations, handle challenges like war and hunger successfully. The major reason as to why pluralism has become so distinct is that, pluralism calls for participation and engagement. The major practiced aspect of diversity in United States religion has brought the idea of isolation and separation among various denominations. This diversity and isolation call for an act of pluralism to avoid having so many disintegrated religious groups. Pluralism entails more than tolerance of differences, as many people perceive it (Netland, 2001). For it to succeed and be productive to all religious believers, pluralism should first gather the knowledge of all different groups. Tolerance sometimes may be misleading if considered by itself, without the knowledge of why differences are occurring. Tolerance alone does not create any opportunity of individuals to learn the characters of one another. Pluralism requires to eradicate the ignorance that exist among different individuals, and tolerance alone cannot afford. Although tolerance is crucial, it cannot be relied upon to combine diverse and complex religions like that of America. In addition, pluralism is relativism and creates several opportunities for various religions to participate through commitments. Though embraced by most people, others still claim that it is weakening the religious beliefs of some people, through acknowledging different beliefs of other people. The fact is that, pluralism does not allow people to abandon their religious beliefs for others. The major theme of pluralism is to invite people from various faiths, and those without any faith to come together informing a civil society. This is achieved through ensuring personal encounter with one another and sharing on matters of importance (Dillon, 2003). Pluralism
Introduction Distance education is a relatively new way of knowledge acquisition in which a student-teacher interaction is carried out using information and communication technologies. On the one hand, modernization of education allows it to expand the usual boundaries of transmitting and receiving information in the educational process while retaining all the integral components. On the other hand, a lack of practical tasks and socialization leads to adverse outcomes such as insufficient knowledge. In this essay, the main benefits and drawbacks of online education will be addressed by using rhetoric principles to avoid any fallacies impeding the understanding of this essay. Aristotle’s Concepts For compiling this essay, it is vital to operate different approaches to speech rhetoric to have a structured composition. One of the most ancient classifications of persuasion methods is the concept of the ancient Greek thinker Aristotle, which divides all possible arguments of the speaker into only three groups: ethos, logos, and pathos. Logos usually refers to verbal means used to implement the idea of speech or a text and contains only the logical chain of the author’s judgments (Bartlett, 2019; Meyer, 2017). Ethos is interpreted as portraying a person’s character through purposefulness as the main feature of human activity; it also relates to morality (Herrick, 2017). Finally, pathos encompasses all the elements of argumentation that emotionally affect listeners. Hence, this essay will primarily rely upon Aristotle’s principles. For instance, logos will be the foundation of the text since there is a need to incorporate much factual information from credible sources. As a part of the ethos, the paper will focus on the ethic of online education and its effect on the psyche of an adolescent. Ultimately, the pathos component is not the least significant in the paper – it will be used to explain how distant education affects the development of socialization among children. Cicero’s Approach In classical rhetoric, the canons (as defined by Cicero and the anonymous author of the Rhetoric of the
Introduction Infectious diseases pose a significant burden and negative impact on many nations, including Haiti. In Latin America, the three major causes of death that have been singled out are respiratory diseases, diarrhea, and vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) (Ulloa-Gutierrez et al. 1671). It is an unfortunate situation, given that some of these conditions have been almost brought under control by use of vaccines in some parts of the world. Vaccination, by definition, is an attempt to use part or all of a microbial pathogen to protect against that microbe (Plotkin and Plotkin 890). Similarly, a vaccine is a part or whole of a microbial pathogen used in the immunization process (Plotkin and Plotkin 890). This paper discusses the history of vaccines as one of the approaches to prevent diseases. The objective is to reflect and contemplate personal experiences with vaccines and their influence on my perceptions and future interaction with them. In addition, ideas, concepts, social concerns, and issues associated with vaccines use, i.e., human values that influence the guardians’ decisions to vaccinate their children are discussed. In particular, the paper also singles out the dynamics of vaccine coverage, acceptance, and refusal, courtesy of changes in human attitudes and values. From the above objectives, the extent to which these parameters impact the success of a vaccination program and the overall health of the population will be quantified. The History of Vaccines Vaccination is thought to have originated from the homeopathic viewpoints about small doses of disease, enabling the body to withstand severe disease (Plotkin and Plotkin 891). By the eleventh century, there were clues in the Chinese manuscripts of the “use of variola scabs inhaled into the nose to immunize against smallpox” (Plotkin and Plotkin 891). Literary evidence shows that the practice then spread to India, the Middle East, Afri
Introduction Coca-cola is one of the USA’s largest Multinationals operating in more than 200 countries worldwide. A pharmacist incorporated it more than 200 years ago after discovering the refreshing drink with three C’s. They operate in the soft drinks industry and they have been performing very well. Economic Trends The US sub-prime crisis has already had a global impact on global financial markets and could also affect consumer spending worldwide. At first sight, this would seem a disproportionate reaction but banks all over the world are exposed to US debt. Sub-prime lending was lending at higher interest rates as a means of helping American consumers of lower incomes and poorer credit records obtain mortgages. These loans were then sold on, in complex ways, to other institutions including hedge (higher risk higher return) funds. The treatment of sub-prime loans by the banks is likely to have far-reaching effects including, possibly, a slowdown in the US economy and a confidence-linked decline in US consumer spending. The effect is being felt in the large market segments of Coca-Cola Company. There is a fall in the economy in Russia where Coca-cola had the largest market. The economic downturn has many people not afford this drink. Technological Trends Nearly a quarter of the words population, have broadband Internet connections in their homes. Most consumers are now relying on adverts made thorough internet. Research carried out indicate 69% urban residents said they used the Internet or they go online to locate items before going to the store to make a purchase. Only 13% said the Internet had not improved their in-store shopping experience. The conclusion is that, instead of replacing brick and mortar stores, the Internet is an extension of consumers’ in-store shopping experience, providing a resource to research product and price. When asked what the most powerful influencer was concerning purchasing decisions, 60% said word of mouth, followed by advertising (47%) and online information (43%). In view of the technological trend of consumers being reliant on the Internet for information, it is recommended that Coca cola should consider setting up an online shop which will give them an hedge against their competitors. Socio-Political Trends According to a survey Research, 70% of US adults support government actions like restricting TV ads. Women are more supportive than men of such measures, with 73% reporting support of government actions versus 63% of men. There are restrictions about production of drinks and the of preservatives. Majority of the worlds population are concern about health and thus majority
Introduction Through out their existence, organizations and businesses are considerably pressured to raise their levels of performance and productivity. This is especially so in the modern day business environment which is characterized by aggression and excessive competition. Businesses are therefore constantly forced to exhibit innovation, enhanced performance and unquestionable managerial skills so as to remain relevant and profitable in the ever increasingly competitive arena. To achieve the organizational goals of increased productivity, the input of both the individual and groups in the organization remains invaluable. However, for these inputs to make optimal impact, there must be a strong management to steer the individual and group effort in the right direction. This being the case, the development of managerial traits and skills is indeed necessary for the survival and continued success of an organization. This paper sets out to discuss what makes for exemplary management in an organizational setting. This shall be achieved by going into a detailed discussion as to what effective management consists of. Functions of management Management refers to the process through which an organization efficiently utilizes available resources towards fulfilling the set goals and objectives. It involves planning, organizing, leading and controlling of the organizations activities and resources. Managers are the people taxed with the role of marshalling the human resource in the organization for its growth and expansion. Their role is crucial and they must possess exemplary leadership skills so as to fulfill these tasks. Planning is among the core strategies that should be employed if a business is to succeed in its endeavors. According to Javed (2010), planning refers to the process through which an organization formulates a program that outlines a specific course of action that should be implemented so as to achieve set organizational goals and objectives. The author further asserts that planning often requires a definite time frame through which various activities will be carried out towards meeting the defined short and long term goals. In addition, Javed (2010) further contends that planning is a process through which the management can organize the present resources such that they steer towards the desired future. However, planning can be useless if there is no proper organization of the resources. Management should ensure that adequate efforts are directed towards organizing the available resources such that they work in unison towards achieving the set goals and objectives. As Javed (2010) states, organization of resources refers to the process through which v
This paper highlights ethical issues of concern in organizational behavior, stressing their importance in organizations and how individual influences can impact on the ethical behavior of their employees. The paper, in addition, gives a detailed contemporary example of an ethical issue that was reported on Wall Street Journal. In line with its context, this paper addresses major ethical issues that affect organizational behavior through the following three questions:  1. Why ethical issues are major distress in different organizations  2. How individual influences impact on organizations ethical behavior  3. How organizations can influence the ethical behaviors in their employees Ethical issues can split or strongly bind an organization’s employees depending on the consequences or rewards of how the ethical issues are addressed. The unity of employees in any organization or the reverse of it majorly impacts the organizations’ productivity. According to Kinicki and Kreitner (2009), ethics deals with the learning of moral concerns and choices. It deals with right versus wrong and good versus bad. (p.23). The ethical issues, therefore, present complex and daunting tasks to the managers and junior employees alike, for instance, a decision involving an ethical issue can influence how the manager will be viewed in the organization. It will either align the employees to a given ethical culture of the organization or present a major decisional dilemma to the management for subsequent misconducts. The ethical issues affecting organizations sprouts outside the organizational setups and as such all the organizational employee’s conducts, both within and outside the organization
Introduction Study literature shows that there are various humanitarian non-governmental organizations across the world. However, this study seeks to analyze the World Food Program (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The study takes into consideration their goals, achievements and failures. It also compares the activities undertaken by these agencies as well as how they operate across the globe. Goals The WFP is a global charitable United Nation agency. It is globally the biggest charitable agency responsible for combating food shortage. The agency supplies food where it is considered necessary during urgent situations. The organization helps in saving the emergencies’ victims from starvation. Provided the source of crisis is over, the agency uses food in assisting those who are affected in rebuilding their lives. In this regard, the agency effectively transforms into a development agency. The contemporary goals of this agency include saving lives and protecting the living standards during urgent situations. When such emergencies are over the agency seeks to mitigate severe food shortage. It devotes resources to emergency preparedness and puts preventive measures in place. These efforts include restituting the livelihoods of whoever is affected during crisis. In addition, the WFP aims to minimize persistent food shortage and malnutrition. From the development perspective, WFP seeks to reinforce the abilities of countries to minimize food shortage. Essentially, the main aim of WFP is to reduce global hunger particularly in developing countries through the application of various strategies. That is, WFP is mandated to ensure considerable reduction of global hunger through the application of various strategies (Food Program 2) The IFAD is mandated to finance farming development specifically during food production. The authority of this agency is restricted to developing countries. The agency was established to ensure that individuals who live in complete poverty have the opportunity to produce food that can sustain their livelihoods. The core goal of the agency pertains to the improvement of food production. In fact, the production of foodstuffs is in terms of quantity and quality but these take place in the developing countries. That is, developing states produce large chunks of valuable foodstuffs to help curb emergencies. Besides, the goal of this agency is to marshal supplementary resources that may be used during crises to assist in agricultural growth within poor states. What the agencies have done so far in specific areas The evaluations on the effectiveness of WFP demonstrate positive outcomes in view of delivering charitable activities and growth goals. The most evident successes have been in the delivery of food to the victims during emergencies. The achievements have contributed to the deterrence of acute food shortages hence curing malnutrition, chronic starvation and death. Most of suc
Orientalism, although not currently very common, was a creation of the West. The West, especially France, Britain, and the United States, is undoubtedly a more civilized country as compared to the eastern civilization. In a number of cases, they would find some cultural practices of other societies a little weird. A French journalist reporting on an incident in the Middle East would find it weird to him or her due to differences in cultures. The term “orient” was developed in the West. It was widely used in the 19th century to refer to the Middle East, especially the region covering Islamic nations, such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and the neighboring countries. The Orients were viewed by the West as people who had oil to sell to the West. Moreover, they were also associated with terrorism. This was the attitude that had been developed by the West. Unlike other nations in the Far East, such as Japan and China, other nations in Asia were viewed as the ones unleashing terror and having a weird culture. It is intriguing though that such a culture has been accepted in Egypt, which was one of the earliest civilized nations. James Balfour strongly believed that by colonizing Egypt, Britain would have helped once a great country to reveal from the culture of the orients. However, he forgot the fact that Egyptians were able to speak for themselves. The author is critical of the fact the West did not consider giving the orients a chance to express themselves. Response The United States, Britain, and France share many things in common regarding civilization. Generally referred to as the West, they have managed to influence other countries around the world to adopt their culture. However, they have developed total mistrust of the Middle East countries, especially the Islamic states. They associate them with terrorism. In fact, western countries believe that without taking into oil, nothing good can come out of the Middle East region.
When it comes to traveling, many of us have our personal favorites and for some of the travelers is just a means of chasing their dreams. Our attitude toward exploring new things is the key to understanding the magic of traveling and seeing the world. It is evident that the majority of us have been somewhere outside our hometown or a place of permanent residence. When it comes to tourists, there are several types of them. There are travelers that want to visit only specific locations, and there are those who want to wander the world and see everything merely. Considering the cultural, ethnic, and other innumerable differences inherent in all the countries around the globe, we shall understand that learning other nation’s traditions and preferences is our personal development. It raises self-consciousness and helps to see the world from a number of perspectives. There are two cities that did not make the list of the most popular destinations, but they regularly get high places in the top ten tourist destinations. These locations are London and Bangkok, and there are numerous places to see in both cities, so it is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, and one should visit both London and Bangkok if they want to see the best of Europe and Asia, but it is vital to remember that the climate in Bangkok is much better and there are way more tourist attractions that will be totally loved by the majority of visitors of all ages. London is one of the most famous tourist destinations in the whole world due to its consistent presence in the global political and economic arena. It is important to mention that London is not so picturesque if we compare it to a number of other European capitals, but it is so stylish that it is absolutely impossible to pass on it. Many say that they typically dislike “London weather” and do not want to go there simply because they are not into relatively cold weather sprinkled with smog and heavy rains. Another important fact is that the weather in Great Britain, in general, is seriously impacted by the seas tha
With the current broad variety of species, as well as the emergent news about the species that are on the verge of extinction due to the impact of the changes in the environment, one might believe that discovering new animals is no longer a possibility. However, new species are still discovered regularly, the recent incredible find being an example of that. Namely, the Nimba myotis, also known as the fuzzy orange bat, or Myotis nimbaensis, has been identified as a new species this year (Simmons et al., 2021). Having orange fur with black pigmentation, Nimba Myotis represents a rather unusual specimen of bats. The animal prefers natural caves as the place where it lives and rests. Like other bats, Nimba Myotis uses laryngeal echolocation as the means of identifying and catching prey in the dark. However, due to the species in question being under researched, its diet is mostly unknown (Simmons et al., 2021). Overall, the bat represents a unique specimen in its class. The species belongs to the animal kingdom, particularly, to mammals of the Chiroptera order and the Vespertilionidae family (Simmons et al., 2021). The main rationale for placing it in the animal kingdom is the fact that Nimba Myotis is a mammal. Additionally, the specified species reproduces sexually, unlike members of other kingdoms, and is multicellular (Simmons et al., 2021). Furthermore, the fact that cells in Nimba Myotis do not have cell walls, allows classifying it with other species in the Animal kingdom. Therefore, the bat should be defined as an animal, particularly, a mammal. Furthermore, one should note that, being a bat, Nimba Myotis represents the largest order in the mammal class after rodents (Simmons et al., 2021). Overall, the discovery of Nimba Myotis has shed a lot of light on the species of bats, in general. Reference Simmons, N. B., Flanders, J., Fils, E. M. B., Parker, G., Suter, J. D., Bamba, S., Douno, M., Keita, M. K., Morales, A. E., & Frick, W. F. (2021). A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea . American Museum Novitates , 2020 (3963), 1-40.