ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The difference between renewable and non-renewable resources A resource is something that is of use for people (Codrington 2005, p. 47). All of them can be classified into the following broad categories: energy resources (fuel, nuclear energy, wind energy, water energy, etc.), mineral resources, including metallic and non-metallic, organic resources (animals, birds, forests, etc.), and landscape (Codrington 2005, p. 48). Apart from this kind of differentiation, there is also another one: groups of renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable, or so-called non-exhaustible, resources are those that can be repeatedly used by humans; thus, their “supply can be replenished” (Boyes & Melvin 2012, p. 382). This broad group includes animals and birds, plants, wind, water, solar energy. All of the resources mentioned above are renewed in nature faster than people exploit them, which is why they are called non-exhaustible. Inadequate usage of renewable resources and mismanagement of them usually leads to their depletion, and they gradually become exhausted. Boyes and Melvin (2012, p. 384) state that one of the reasons for renewable resources to become scarce is that they are not privately owned, and the common property is overused. Exhausted, or non-renewable, resources are generated too slowly in nature while people exploit them fast, which is why there is a limited amount of them (Codrington 2005, p. 48). This group consists of almost all kinds of metals (lead, zinc, aluminum, etc.), several non-metallic minerals, for instance, diamonds, and so on (Codrington 2005, p. 48). When resources become exhausted and scarce, their price vastly increases, and vice versa, when something exists in abundance in nature, its price falls (Codrington 2005, p. 49). That is one of the most significant differences between renewable and non-renewable resources: the former costs less, and the latter costs more. That, in its turn, brings us to the well-known diamond-water paradox: even though water is more necessary for human beings in terms of survival, diamonds are much more expensive. Joint demand and joint supply Goods that people buy can be divided into three categories: those, which complement each other and are in joint demand, those, which can be substituted with each other and are in competitive demand, and those, which are needed for the production of other goods or services and are in derived demand (Anderton 2006, p. 47). So, joint demand occurs when buying one good, people are more likely to buy another one, somehow connected to the first. Examples include lamps and light bulbs, razors and shaving cream, washing machines and washing powder, etc. Evidently, there is a stable connection between the demand for complementary goods and prices for them. For instance, if the price of washing machines falls, people buy more of them, which boosts the demand for washing powder and thereby increases prices of it. This tendency is shown in the graph above. Joint sup
Ozone is mainly found in the stratosphere, and a small volume of O3 is also found in the troposphere. One of the major roles of the Ozone Layer is to absorb ultraviolet rays from the sun. UV-B rays are quite harmful to living organisms on the Earth, but three oxygen molecules in ozone absorb the energy in the UV light. Ozone is also instrumental in regulating the temperature of the Earth. As UV light energy is absorbed by ozone, the stratosphere heats up; thus, absorbing the heat energy that would otherwise hit the Earth’s surface. Increased volumes of CFCs in the atmosphere develop more free radicals that break down the ozone molecules; thus, depleting the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. This allows more UV-B rays to reach the earth, and this subsequently leads to more harm to the biosphere (“Science: Ozone Basics” par. 1). As more heat energy reaches the earth and more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, a greenhouse effect occurs, resulting in global warming. Global warming, on the other hand, has led to various adverse geological changes on the earth, including the rise in sea levels, melting glaciers in different parts of the world, and a disruption in the hydrosphere system of the earth. The depletion of ozone in different parts of the world will increase the current issues in the biosphere, geosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. The future should be characterized by a society that is cautious about the number of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Some parts of the ozone layer have experienced up to 60% depletion, and this has translated into an increase in the number of cases of cancer and other harmful effects on living organisms. Ozone molecules are always being produced; hence, the reduction of CFCs in the atmosphere will ultimately help in the repairing process of the ozone layer (“Ozone Layer Protection – Science” par. 2). Global associations should continue applying restrictions on greenhouse gas emission rates in different nations. The rank of accuracy among the four students is D, B, A, C. In essence, CFCs are stable molecules, and they are broken down by UV radiations to release chlorine and bromine atoms, which destroy the ozone layer (“The process of ozone depletion” par. 1). CFCs contain hydrogen, chlorine, carbon, and fluorine. Chlorine is particularly dangerous in the stratosphere because it acts as a catalyst in the decomposition of Ozone into oxygen molecules. A single molecule of chlorine in the stratosphere can deplete a very large amount of ozone before it decomposes. This implies that a unit emission of CFC in the atmosphere depletes a very large portion of the ozone layer if
Introduction Allegations of corruption mean different things to different people. Traditionally, has been defined as the use of position or status for personal gain. This could be in the form of an economic or other favors which may include sexual favors, among others (Martinelli & Thomas, 2006). This means that corruption is a form of abuse of power. There are various forms of corruption in the police force, including bribery, fabrication of evidence, violence and brutality, favoritism, nepotism and even racism. In addition, others are involved in drug syndicates. Whenever police are called in, it is normally expected that they will provide solutions to the social problems or crimes. However, one form of corruption that threatens the conduct of those involved in law enforcement is the noble cause corruption. The police are normally entrusted by the society to provide security but whenever they go beyond the powers and authority vested upon them in trying to accomplish legitimate ends, it is normally referred to as “noble cause corruption” (Martinelli &Thomas, 2006). Noble cause corruption is corruption committed by the law enforcement officers with good intentions in order to achieve good ends (Martinelli & Thomas, 2006). It normally occurs when police officers care very much about their work and therefore violate the set ethical and legal standards in order to pursue what they consider to be in the best interest of the society. This implies that they involve in unethical behaviors in order to remove the bad guys in the society from the streets. Ethically-informed decisions Noble cause corruption is normally aimed at protecting the public and the police usually go out their way and involve every possible means to ensure safety of communities and streets. This might happen in cases where the law enforcement officers intend to remove suspected hard core and dangerous criminals from the streets and there is limited or no direct evidence linking them to the present crimes. The law enforcement officers therefore might have engaged in evidence fabrication in order to ensure that such criminal is convicted. Thus Bacon’s officers might have offered bribes to witnesses or judges for the moral good of the society. The law enforcement officers may have involved in lying in courts or evidence fabrications in order to prevent looming future crimes. The police may have had clues about serious crime about to be committed since they are able to intercept communications and therefore apprehend those they suspect to be responsible for the plotting of the crimes. This, they might have done without acquiring arrest warrants due to the quick response that they needed. This enabled the police to scatter the plans by the criminals and hence helped protect the public. Since they might not have been able to gather the amount of evidence required to convict such individuals they were therefore forced to use testimonial deception in order to challenge the victims and their lawyers and secure conviction for such individuals. Bacon’s officers might have offered b
Owing to the huge losses suffered by our bank in the last financial year, it has been proposed that certain measures be taken to ensure our future profitability. These changes include the reduction in the cost of services for our customers believe that our bank is charging too much. Our bank has also lost its image as a “caring” bank to the customer; measures should therefore be taken to ensure that the customers once more perceive Auric Bank as an understanding and caring bank. It has been proposed that the bank’s cost of operations should be reduced so as to boost profits and share prices. The issue of our call center location has been seen as the key to making the proposed changes a reality. In this report, I shall give a brief summary of the four proposed options and make recommendations as to the option that I believe is the most feasible for the bank to achieve its goals of customer satisfaction and increased profitability. The first option is to keep the call centers at their present locations but tries to reduce the costs by employing more part-time employees and reducing the hours of business at the centers. The number of calls handled per hour is also to be increased. While t
Introduction As most classic and oral tradition stories go, adventures of great men choosing between good and evil, or fighting for the good against evil men and characters are the main themes. From Greek comedy or tragedy to modern-day western heroism, heroes make the right choices amidst challenges and pains. This paper, drawing from Tristan of Thomas as gathered by Gottfried von Strassburg and retold by M. Joseph Bedier, shall try to present Challenges, Pain, and Glory as the theme of Tristan’s story. Discussion From the start when Tristan was far conceived, and prior to his father King Rivalen of Lyonesse met his mother Blanchfleur, many of the main characters have to go through challenges and pain to attain glory. Rivalen and King Mark of Cornwall are friends. So that when Cornwall was besieged, Rivalen sailed forth to aid his friend as indicated that, “he crossed the sea to bring him aid; and so faithfully did he serve him with counsel and sword that Mark gave him his sister Blanchefleur, whom King Rivalen loved most marvelously,” (Bedier, 2004). Sinka (1977) noted this prevalence of epic characters undergoing challenges, then getting pained in the process so that she suggested wounds have become a sort of motif that “function structurally to foreshadow and motivate action,” (p 3). However, pain is not everything that can be noted in the story of Iseult and Tristan. At most, a challenge serves as the battery that charges the characters of Tristan to life. First, there is his father Rivalen having to aid King Mark. Ewert (1970) also noted how Thomas, aside from presenting craft for poetry, has elegantly intertwined “the lovers’ ordeal rehearses the operations of memory in a cycle of absence and return (Pitts, 1990, p 792). Another characteristic of the Tristan of Thomas is the glory for every battle won. The reader note that the victory of Rivalen and Mark against the Cornwall invaders, and then, as a part of the victory process, the wedding of Rivalen and Blanchefleur. Right after the wedding of Rivalen and Blanchefleur at Tintagel Minster, Lyonesse was captured by Rivalen’s old enemy Duke Morgan so that he had to painfully leave Blanchefleur to the care of Marshal Rohalt to fight. Here, another challenge is posed. Rivaken has to face his enemy, only to die in an ambush. This is another painful episode as it ends the life of a king, not only for the widowed Blanchefleur but also for the unborn Tristan. After a long wait, while pregnant, Blanchefleur learned of the painful truth that she is already widowed, and bear their child as an orphan for she died after saying, “Little son, I have longed a while to see you, and now I see you the fairest thing ever a woman bore. In sadness came I hither, in sadness did I bring forth, and in sadness has your first feast day gone. And as by sadn
Introduction History materializes to be probably extreme in the implemented programs that involve costly and lumpy investments bearing long useful life and particularly where political consensus is difficult to realize. The significance of history as well as the reliance conduit of a policy is more outward in the federal housing policy. In the fiscal 1980, Weicher saw that housing programs could merely be comprehended from the historical viewpoint (3). After nearly a quarter century, Weicher served in both policy and administrative positions in variably three different national administrations. This made Weicher to be more convinced about the historical accident imperativeness in understanding the contemporary policies (Weicher 4). Therefore, this paper deliberately ignores the path dependence by focusing on the housing policies that could be created if a nation starts its housing programs from a scratch. Much concentration is geared towards government rental housing subsidies. The federal rental housing subsidy policy Programs Basically, the direct federal housing expenditures instigated after the passing of the 1937 Public Housing Act. This Act was envisioned to solve the dire decent housing shortages via the federally funded constructions programs. These programs sought to eliminate both the inadequate and substandard housing. As a result, the infrastructural investments assumed in big cities served as the best economic fiscal policy. In an economy that had unemployment rate of about 17%, jobs were created through the housing program to absorb the unemployed workforce. This program offered shelter for those who were deemed temporarily unwaged during the period of great depression. Most public housings were meant for households to occupy in the short run before they were able to go into the economic mainstream (Quigley and Steven 130). Low rental public housing became the merely justified federal housing program which provided the underprivileged with housing assistance. The state government financed any dwelling that was constructed under the program dubbed as public housing program. Such dwellings were however managed and possessed by the residential housing authorities. It is worth not
Strategic plan based on the SWOT analysis Kellogg’s responds to the various forces in the market in order to remain ahead of its competitors and meet its long term and short term objectives. Firstly, the company embarks on new product development in order to introduce new brands into the market to compete with its competitors. This is in response to the fact that some of its products have reached the maturity stage. In addition, the company has invested heavily on customer relationship management practices in order to better understand the needs of its customers and better serve them. Instead of changing its strategy from trying to satisfy all the market segments to focusing on a narrower customer base, the company has continued investing in its supply chain and technology infrastructure. This has ensured continued customer satisfaction for all the customer segments, thus constantly broadening its revenue sources and achieving its goal of growing its internal net sales. Furthermore, the company has intensified its promotional strategies for its products in order to continue persuading its customers to make purchases amid the competition emanating from the other companies. The product range has new flavors added such as the peanut butter-flavored cereals in order to take care of the taste conscious consumers, thus keeping up with the market trends. Operational plan based on the SWOT analysis Production at Kellogg’s has been optimized in order to cater for the ever-increasing demand for its products, especially the cereal brands which are preferred by the health-conscious consumers. Production plants are distributed across 18 countries to serve about 180 countries in all the continents (Businesscasestudies, 2014). The inventory management system put in place by the company ensures that wastage is minimized in its efforts to be the cost leader organization in its industry category. This has enabled the company to realize its goal of reducing its landfill rate by 20% from 2010 to 2015 (Environmental Leader, 2011). An elaborate distribution system has also been put in place through a sound infrastructure and supply chain across 180 countries. The diverse human resources that are brought together by the company through shared values ensures that the company is on track towards its goals. The company’s philosophy of talent management breeds innovativeness (Kellogg’s, 2014). The growth and development programs for the employees also ensure that the company keeps in pace with the current management styles and new developments, giving the company competitive advantage over its rivals. The shared value philosophy also extends to suppliers through the company’s good relations with them through an elaborate system of supply chain management. This ensures that raw material supply is timely and that wastage is discouraged. The supply of the finished goods of the company is accomplished through its network of distributors throughout the 180 countries in order to ensure that the products are available to customers. In addition, good management of the company has resulted in profitability that raises the company’s credit wor
Identification The case of Pfizer is one of the most interesting studies in the pharmaceutical business. One major reason is that it almost fell into near-death situation, a paradox considering that its mission is treatment of diseases. What happened to this once the biggest global pharmaceutical firm? Who or what was responsible for this fall? Pfizer has been a leading drug company, involved in manufacturing of new medicines to treat popular human diseases, like cardiovascular and metabolism diseases. Half of its total revenues were attributed to prescription drugs. Pfizer’s mission and goals were to provide cutting edge research and development in the different operating segments, from product development to the patient’s therapeutic stage, which encompass the product’s life cycle. Pfizer also became actively involved in biotechnology with the acquisition of some biotechnology firms. It has been said that the life-blood of a pharmaceutical firm is in research and development (R&D). Although this has to be corrected, since R&D is sometimes the “killer” of a pharmaceutical firm, Pfizer became a leader in the industry because of its R&D centers in many parts of the world. These centers created blockbuster drugs and produced profits, but just as many also caused losses for the firm. The fact is Pfizer had many problems – the usual and unusual problems which pharmaceuticals face in the course of inventing new medicines for new diseases, recovering the costs for inventing and pre-testing those medicines, maintaining the hold as the leader of top pharmaceutical firms, among others. Pfizer lost profits by inventing one drug after another; the main causes were the usual ones – side effects, human safety concerns, etc. The causes were internal and external ones – a scenario all managers abhor and would love to close shop. Analysis and evaluation From its financial report for the year then ended 2012 ( 2012 Financ
Thesis statement The suggestion that fashion industry exerts a great influence onto defining the very subtleties of Western living, is now being perceived by the majority of people as quite self-evident. After all, it nowadays would have proven quite impossible to find a single Western man or woman, who never even tried ensuring its fashionable appearance, while in public. As Thompson and Haytko (1997) have noted: “Western fashion pattern… is characterized by novelty, rapid changes, a proliferation of styles, and, more important, the mass consumption of fashion goods” (16). Therefore, it comes as not a particular surprise that, in minds of many people, the very term ‘fashion’ often connotes ‘progressiveness’. The reason for this is simple – in order to be considered a progressive individual, one necessarily must profess the values of intellectual flexibility. And, given the fact that one of the foremost characteristics of Western fashion is its continuous qualitative transformation, it is fully explainable why in Western countries, people strive to dress fashionably and to lead fashionable lifestyles – by doing it, they subconsciously aim at emanating the full extent of their existential adaptability. In its turn, this confirms the full objectiveness of their high evolutionary status to themselves and to the whole world. In this paper, we will aim to substantiate the full validity of an earlier articulated thesis, while exposing the concept of fashion as such that derives out of the notion of progress, which in its turn, is being objectively predetermined by the particulars of progress carriers’ genetic constitution and by the very essence of historical dialectics. At the same time, we will aim to show that, despite the fact that Western fashion continues to emanate the spirit of individualism, as its most distinctive characteristic, as time goes on Westerners appear to be left with less and less of the actual individuality, as the result of them being gradually deprived of their former biological vitality. Analytical part Due to institutionalization of political correctness in Western countries, it now became somewhat socially inappropriate to suggest that people’s external appearance reflects the actual workings of their psyche. This, however, does not make this kind of suggestion less legitimate, from scientific point of view. After all, the representatives of Homo Sapiens specie are essentially primates, in biological sense of this word. And, given the fact that people are being subjected to evolutionary laws as much as plants and anima