ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article is a thorough treatise on the dreaded disease ‘Cystic Fibrosis’ which occurs due to a genetic defect, largely in people of Caucasian origin, although it is not exclusive for this particular race (3). It includes systematically collected information about the disease from past as well as the latest reviews available at Medline, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library, besides those from Johns Hopkins University in the US. The historical prevalence, therapeutic interventions employed for its treatment, the recently identified mechanisms of the disease have been thoroughly elaborated upon and the latest guidelines for handling the disease have been suggested. The treatise follows a lucid, easy to read style which is comprehensible even for a non technical person, except for certain sections which explain the genetic basis of the disease. The flow of the article is built in an appropriate manner by first elucidating the mechanisms of the disease, followed by the latest diagnostic methods employed to detect its presence, the symptoms and clinical manifestations, the effects in different organ systems of the body and finally rounded off by treatment modalities available to handle its various manifestations. The article closes with a peek at the latest endeavours in research on cystic fibrosis. The article however, has more academic than clinical relevance as it is too elaborate to focus on one particular facet of the disease. In the introduction, the author has highlighted the contribution of research on cystic fibrosis, which has enabled a person suffering from this disease to have a better life expectancy due to the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. The disease aetiology has been explained extensively with explanations about the genetic defect which precipitates it. The cause of the disease has been attributed due to mutation in the gene that encodes for the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein which is expressed in many epithelial and blood cells (3). The finer molecular mechanisms, mutations and effects of CFTR are tabulated on the first page with appropriate detail. According to the author, CFTR primarily functions as a chloride channel besides it multifarious functions in the regulation of sodium transportation and ATP channels. Despite the occurrence of more than 1500 mutations in the CFTR gene, class II mutation has been identified as the most common in European and North American populations (3). Manifestations of cystic fibrosis are variable depending upon the particular mutation and specific organ systems are affected accordingly. The variations are so extensive that symptoms and characteristics of the disease can vary, even between siblings. Polymorphisms in non-CFTR genes and gene-gene interactions have been suggested as the basis of these variations. According to the author, a number of hypotheses have been suggested for the occurrence of cystic fibrosis, out of which four have been elaborated in the article. The first hypot
A Tragedy in Literature In literature, tragedy is a form of tragic play based on themes derived from ancient Athens, which depict the downfall of a hero or a famous character (Roux 95). It gives rise to the notion of tragic heroes (Arenas 25). According to Aristotle, a tragic hero is initially well respected and regarded highly in society. However, a single mistake or flaw in their character brings them to ruin (Arenas 25). My Proposed Project In this project, I will tell the tragedy of Othello through a collection of pictures. The project is based on “Othello: The Moor of Venice”. The tragedy itself is based on an Italian short story, “A Moorish Captain”, published in 1565 (Noni 13). The plot of the play is developed around four major characters. The first is Othello. He is a general commanding the Venetian forces. The second is Desdemona. She is the wife of the main character. The other two are Cassio, Othello’s lieutenant and trusted ensign, and Iago, the villain (Owens 11). I will use graphic representations from different artists. A move through the representation will tell the reader how the story itself unfolds. Major scenes are captured vividly in the pictures. Why Othello? I chose the subject of Othello for several reasons. To start with, the tragedy is rich in themes that are relevant to contemporary society (Owens 11). They include jealousy, racial discrimination, and religious beliefs. Besides, people will learn important lessons from my collection (Noni 13). The story also acts as both a warning and a lesson to leaders on how a flaw in their characters can lead to their downfall. Works Cited Arenas, Enrique. “Causal Attribution and the Analysis of Literary Characters: Bradley’s Study of Iago and Othello.” Journal of Literary Semantics 39.1 (2010): 17-30. Print. Noni, Mika. “The Culture of Othering: An Interrogation of Shakespeare’s Handling Of Race and Ethnicity in the Merchant of Venice and Othello.” Academy Publishers 2.4 (2012): 10-15. Print. Owens, Brenda. Othello, the Moor of Venice and Related Readings, Minnesota: Paradigm Publishing, 2005. Print. Roux, Duncan. “Hybridity, Othello and the Postcolonial Critics.” Shakespeare in Southern Africa 21.1 (2009): 90-97. Print.
Bruce Schneier is a recognized specialist in computer security who won many awards and dedicated his activity to the investigation of security systems and design of efficient systems as well as justification of their usage and explanation of the main implications of usage thereof to the common public. One of his works, Beyond Fear: Thinking Sensibly About Security in an Uncertain World , opens new borders in understanding the essence of any security system and the way it works. The fact that the book was published in 2003 also plays its substantial role in forming the theme of the book – the author clearly states that his major intention is to show to people how obsessed by safety and security they are after the 9/11 shock and why they are looking in the wrong direction. The author uses a series of case studies as illustrations to the theoretical foundations he covers in his book as a naturally designed methodology enhancing the reader’s understanding of the main security concepts he operates. Schneier holds an opinion that people are misled by the overwhelming majority of security systems that exist nowadays and overfill their lives with electronics and machinery they actually do not need. Thus, Schneier’s chief aim of to teach people to identify the real threat, to get defined on what they really want to protect, and to give guidance on how to choose the security system that will truly suit their requirements. The author argues that people choose security systems without even being able to adequately assess their efficiency, thus creating only an illusion of security, which is in fact wrong. The book is well-structured from the point of view of the approach chosen by the author: it has three parts that deepen the reader’s understanding of what security really is, what a genuine security system should be, and into what mental processes the person is engaged when choosing the appropriate security system for his or her needs. The first part is dedicated to the explanation of security systems from the psychological level of the human conscious. Schneier states that all choices for security systems are trade-offs that people make every day, and explains how these patterns function in the human brain making people choose this or that way of protection. The second pa
Executive Summary Introduction There is a resurgence of the mid-market fitness club and gym market segment. This is the opportunity that Olympus SP seeks to capitalize on by providing an ample 19,000 square training facility, complete with a parking lot and 40 yards of outdoor within the metropolitan Aston, Birmingham region. Mission The gymnasium’s primary mission will be to simply a tailored, scalable fitness experience for every individual who walks through its doors. This will consider every individual’s fitness experience, goals, gender, age, and any medical or pre-existing conditions to ensure safe, efficient training. Value Proposition Olympus SP will be a price leader in the mid-market health and fitness clubs segment. Further, the gymnasium will offer highly specialized and state-of-the-art equipment, free weights, and cardiovascular machines within a handicap-friendly and inclusive environment. In-house personal trainers will also ensure the development of customized fitness plans that address each client’s fitness needs comprehensively. Ownership and Management Olympus SP is a sole proprietorship business with an extensive managerial support structure comprising a gym manager, an accountant, head trainer, assistant trainers, team leaders, and team captains. This hierarchical structure allows relative autonomy while ensuring that decisions can be quickly made to mitigate threats and capitalize on opportunities. Target Market Olympus SP’s target market is essentially the working population of Birmingham, UK. This comprises individuals ages 16 to 64 of either gender who are in need of a relatively affordable yet robust and scalable fitness regimen. Customized fitness plans would essentially fit with any work schedules and related obligations, along with other personal responsibilities. Competitive Advantage An innovative, specialized, and first-to-market gymnasium that provides a highly inclusive environment and proficient trainers to ensure that each patr
The United States of America started having debts during the American Revolutionary War (Mauro 1). Debts pile up whenever the U.S. engages sovereign states in a military conflict because the government needs more funds to finance the war effort (Mauro 1). The country incurred more debts in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and the Iraq War. It is imperative to point out that loans were made not only to pay for the foreign countries’ invasion, but debts are also incurred in the aftermath of financial difficulty when state expenditures are higher than the country’s earning capability. The United States had to spend more to counteract the Great Depression (Davidson 1). However, the state breached the “debt crisis” level in the aftermath of the 2008 financial meltdown. It is essential to develop effective strategies to help manage America’s debt woes to prevent a downward spiral that leads to a full-blown debt crisis. Why Label it a Crisis? To understand the nation’s financial problems, it is best to illustrate the story with concepts and ideas that a significant number of people can comprehend even if they do not possess a degree in economics. One way to demonstrate the seriousness of the problem is to borrow a medical narrative of a dreaded medical condition known as HIV/AIDS. When a person is infected with the HIV, it is understandable if the affected person labels it a health crisis because there is no known cure for the disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS. To have AIDS, one has to be infected by HIV. However, the downward spiral from HIV infection to full-blown AIDS takes a long time to manifest. This assertion is true for those who had access to drugs to mitigate the impact of the virus. The same thing can be said of America’s debt crisis because the failure to implement effective strategies geared towards the reduction of the national debt leads to a full-blown crisis. When the problem reaches the desperation point, lenders become wary of America’s capability to pay its debts (Amadeo 1). Thus, the first significant sign of extraordinary financial trouble becomes obvious when lenders are no longer open to the idea of allowing the U.S. government to borrow money with a lower interest rate. In this scenario, the U.S. government defaults on its loans and ignites a chain-reaction of events that causes the breakdown of government services, unprecedented unemployment rates, and investors pulling out money and redirecting the funds outside the United States (Wegmann 1). The Consequences of a Full-Blown Debt Crisis Labeling the problem as a “debt crisis” is a justifiable exaggeration. It is not yet a full-blown crisis. However, there is a need to act with the utmost urgency in order to prevent dire consequence that is so terrible to contemplate. The issue grabbed headlines in the year 2016 because, for the first time in U.S. history, the nation
Classical literature teaches the reader not to divide the world exclusively into black and white. Indeed, there are works where good and evil are differentiated very clearly. The antagonist enters into a fight with the protagonist, and the good always strives to win over the bad. The current article addresses the theme of tricksters – characters on the verge of good and evil (Hyde, 1998). As a rule, such heroes are characterized by a penchant for cheating and petty fraud. Tricksters are excessively active, and even the retribution for their sins that overtakes them does not stop adventurers from new achievements. One of the notable trickster examples in the works of Shakespeare is Ariel from The Tempest , whose main ability to morph makes him one of the core characters. Tricksters are often ambiguous characters who can change over time and, depending on circumstances, can exhibit supernatural abilities. Ariel is a spirit which actually causes the ship of Prospero to crash by creating a storm (Shakespeare, 2015). Essentially, Ariel is a mighty entity that has the capacity to transgress boundaries and perform unconventional actions, which eventually allow the plot to progress further. At the same time, despite being exceptionally powerful, Ariel serves his master Prospero who released him from imprisonment. Thus, Ariel mirrors Caliban, who, unlike the spirit, betrays his master, Prospero, and suffers for it (Shakespeare, 2015). Ariel’s actions in the play are of dubious nature, and therefore he cannot be regarded as a completely good or evil character. On the one hand, he causes the shipwreck, while on the other hand, Ariel, even after punishing the enemies of Prospero, expresses his pity for them (Shakespeare, 2015). Thus, Ariel, in many ways, can be regarded as an exemplary trickster character portrayed by Shakespeare. The levels of development of a trickster as a literary character can be defined as follows: Trickster-guiding, Trickster-acting, Trickster-leading. After leaving the cradle of mythology, the trickster began his journey in literature. He was a minor character at the first stage, just telling the main character the right direction – a Trickster guide. At the second stage, he continued to be a minor character but already helped the heroes with words and deeds – the trickster is acting. He came to the fore on the third and led the others – the Trickster-presenter. Different moods of the epochs caused this development. Every turn of evolution was a response to the main events of the time. The crown of the evolution of tricksters – the Trickster-leader – appears in the XX century, a time of great hopes and even greater disappointments. Two world wars, moral, economic, and political crises which engulfed humanity during these periods. The intensification of cruelty, the spread of fascism, and other totalitarian regimes completely suppressed the human personality (Taketani, 2019). This situation, most likely, was the reason for the trickster’s isolation from the society of other literary characters. A rogue and a merry fellow, easily overcoming all the hardships of life, becomes a kind of personif
Background The paper will focus on constructing a personal financial plan. The plan will create a picture of the current financial status and plans. Further, it is worth mentioning that the market and economic outlook are quite uncertain. Thus, when creating the plan, assumptions will be made about the future. Besides, the plan will look at the different insurance covers that the client may require before the end of its life expectancy. Finally, a net worth statement of the client will be drawn at the end of the analysis. The current situation   * The current total assets amount to $30,000.   * There are no liabilities.   * The net worth of the client is also estimated at $30,000.   * There are no working assets. The objectives and goals   * The client intends to retire at the age of 60 years.   * The annual income after tax is estimated at $2,000.   * The life expectancy of the client is estimated at 90 years. Besides, the client will need income until the last year of life expectancy.   * To become financially independent.   * Minimize the tax liability.   * Maintain the current standard of living in case of an eventuality.   * Maintain a standard of living during retirement.   * Plan and stay ahead of changes in the economy such as inflation.   * Maximize returns and minimize risks of the investments. Analysis details   * The client is risk-averse, therefore will prefer assets that have low risk.   * The client does not have a living will.   * The client does not have health care powers of attorney.   * The client does not have a will.   * The client does not have durable powers of attorney.   * There are no long-term care assets at risk.   * Finally, the client does not have a Net Estimated Life Insurance Needs Shortage.   * There are no planned educational goals. Assumption The assumptions on the client’s information, various rates, allocation of assets, expenses, and inflation are summarized below. Cash flow Income             Annual amount  Percentage Salary             $2,000         100%                                                    Expenses                                     Housing            $880           44%        Transport          $180           9%         Food and clothing  $440           22%        Health care        $220           11%        Miscellaneous      $100           5%         Total expenses     $1,820         91%        Net income         $180           9%          Table 1: Cash flow statement. The table shows the income and expenses of the client. It also gives information on the net income. In the table, 44% of the income is spent on housing followed by food & clothing, then health care. At the moment, the client does not have investments and loans. So there are no returns from investment and there are no loan and mortgage repayments. Further, the client has $30,000 to invest. This will be distributed across various assets. The investment will be made in a way that incorporates the risk attitude of the
Introduction Businesses thrive in environments favorable for their operations, and for this atmosphere to be created; effective strategic moves must be laid out with a focus on improving information system technology. Since competitors are always keeping watch on your next move as well as exploring options to counter them, it is essential to have better strategies that would nullify their interests. The highly dynamic economic trend has presented current businesses with technological advancements that are aimed at improving service delivery. Modern technologies have paved the way for improved efficiency as things previously done by hand have been taken over by more advanced machines that are much faster, Furthermore, Information systems and technology has reduced the world into a small global village, where data can be transferred from one end to the other without having to travel that distance. Books can now be published on CDs, with clear guidelines regulating their use. This is a new era of electronic marketing in the business world, with information systems and technology taking over most of the operations. This paper seeks to provide strategic moves for a publishing company intending to start doing so on CDs as well as select business processes and outline impacts of information system technology on it (Carter, 2005, par. 1-7). Strategic moves for publishing electronic books on CDs Business strategy is essential for success to be realized. Business is like a war ground, where competitors take advantage of any slip-up. It is therefore imperative that effective strategies are devised to forge the firm forward. There is a new product being introduced into the market, e-books
The Veldt/The Lottery The Veld and The Lottery are two different pieces of literature that differ in terms of genre, topics, authors, characters, etc. However, both stories have hidden meanings, essential themes, and certain symbols that drive the reader to reflect upon them. None of the pieces have a regular happy ending, which adds a layer of complexity and originality. Both The Veldt and The Lottery are stories that dive deep into the topic of human nature, traditionalism vs. modernization, and the notion of family that can have various meanings and aspects. Furthermore, The Veldt and The Lottery challenge the reader to reflect upon topics such as traditions, modern technology, family, and humanity. The Lottery The Lottery is Shirley Jackson’s short story that was published in 1948. It is considered one of the most popular short stories, but there were many controversies regarding the subjects and topics it touches upon. It is set in a small American town that follows a ritual called “the lottery”. Each family participates, and based on the lottery results, one person ends up being stoned to death. This time, Tessie Hutchinson ended up being executed by the whole village in the name of the annual sacrifice. The Main Themes The Lottery touches upon many themes that subsequently relate to the overall meaning of the story. A crucial one is the contrasting harmony and violence that is portrayed by the writer. The action takes place in a quiet small town with beautiful flowers and children having fun (Jackson 1). This calmness and peaceful atmosphere give the reader, who does not expect the violent events that are going to happen, a sense of safety. The children were not just playing but collecting rocks that will then be used to stone a person to death. When the realization comes, the whole peaceful setting becomes irrelevant. Tradition is the other theme that characterizes the story. The lottery is nothing but a tradition that is most advocated by the oldest person in the town. He suggests that without this ceremonial sacrifice, the town will suffer (Jackson 4). While some people know about other villages that do not follow the ritual anymore, no one is ready to get rid of the barbaric sacrifice that does not have any meaning to it. None of the participants are safe from being unlucky in the lottery, but no one is willing to protest against it. This suggests how powerful and stagnant some old values and traditions can be. Gender roles hold significant importance in The Lottery. The main idea of the t