ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Bacteria present a world that is constantly under study in the search for better understanding of life and its processes. The cells are being examined in “microfluidic devices” that allow for movement and create an environment to observe the interaction between cells, as well as internal mechanisms and reactions (Mosier & Cady 1). The division of bacteria cells is a whole field of microbiology that is centered on observing the progress of separation, as well as determining the conditions and analyzing the unique features specific to bacterial cells. The cells exist in many forms and of different types, and each has a unique characteristic but the uniting condition is that they all have cell walls that exhibit pressure and stress during division (Huang et al. 19282). A study of “Escherichia coli” looks closely at such formation and division. There is also a focus on the” minichromosomes” of E-coli and their role in replication. They have been shown to require “gene products” which take part in replication of the chromosomes (Leonard & Helmstetter 5101). The division of bacterial cells is focused on the study of the force that makes the cell separate into two, paying specific attention to FtsZ and the division ring—Z-ring. During the actual division, Z-ring changes in size, it gets smaller and the septum gets formed. This process taken several minutes and the two new cells appear. The particular membrane protein, FtsZ, which is thought to be important for division, is closely involved but does not itself produce energy for the separation. Z-ring is credited with that when penicillin binding proteins form around the ring, short time before the division of cells completes. The resources that are used for the division come from the cell wall that has been shown to lose some of its mass. In general, the model of bacterial cell division has 4 stages. The first looks specifically at the cell wall and the changing structure of the membrane. The second looks at the pressure and its influences that take place inside the cell itself. The third stage is the growth of the cell and membranes, particularly the creation of new material and mechanisms that are involved. The final stage looks at penicillin binding proteins which lead to growth of the membrane wall. It is noted that the turgor pressure pushes the previous cell wall out, expanding the cytoplasm and inner membrane. The involvement of peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis proteins is also observed and their position in the membrane answers to a formation, which is “perpendicular to the longitudinal direction” (Ganhui, Wolgermuth & Sun 16111). The technological advancements have allowed for a much closer look at bacterial cell division. Microbial physiology is being closely studied in relation to their forms or cytoskeletal elements, comparison of number of species, mechanisms of cell division and specifics of chromosomes. Proteins have been shown to play an imp
Jack London, through his short story, To Build a Fire , narrates the saga of a lone man who dares the extreme cold conditions of Klondike territory, and undertakes a journey through the wilderness to meet his friends at the base camp located nine miles away. As the story unfolds, the man’s journey progresses through an extremely hostile terrain where he confronts the savage treachery of nature. Calamities befall him one after another, and numbed by cold, he tries to build a fire but fails in all his attempts. Again, in the last bid to save his life, he runs hard but fumbles and falls. Finally, he realizes that he cannot withstand the fury of nature, slumps down beneath a tree, and honorably accepts his death. Through the tragedy portrayed in this story, London postulates the idea that man’s doom originates from his own folly as humans often live in an idealistic world without recognizing the realities, which becomes evident from various episodes in the story. In the beginning, when the man plans his journey, the old-timer at Sulfur Creek warns him that he should not travel alone. The old man has a clear understanding of the terrain and the climate condition there, but the protagonist is only a ‘stranger’ to the area and he doesn’t really appreciate the implications of the journey under weather conditions of fifty degrees below freezing point. This signifies the fact that the man is just cherishing an idea about the journey and he sees it as a glorified achievement to pursue it and reach his friends. On the other hand, the old-timer who knows the terrain well and understands in a realistic context what it means to travel alone in such a climate. London emphasizes this aspect of the lone man’s character when he writes, “The trouble with him was that he was without imagination. He was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances.” (London). To further accentuate the man’s folly, the author contrasts his character against the animal and the readers get the full impact from the lines, “Bu
Introduction Human beings are touted as the most complex creatures among all living things. Their complexity originates from their possession of intellect. What makes humans intriguing is the fact although they are endowed with this ability to operate in the higher realm where harmony and peaceful existence would be effortlessly attained, they often choose not. As a result, conflicts have become commonplace and are accepted as an inherent aspect of human existence. This has led to the development of a plethora of mechanisms via which conflicts can be abated. This essay explores the conflict phenomenon with a specific focus on the analysis and application of the conflict resolution procedures that exist in the conflict ethos to real life. Building the case This analysis shall be based on an observed conflict in which a married couple finds themselves in a continuum of conflicts that eventually lead to their separation. This couple, Husband and Wife , five or so years after tying the knot find it difficult to continue living peacefully and harmoniously. Their constant conflicts surface in all sorts of manners and measures which cannot all be enumerated but the gist of the conflicts is at all times more or less the same. The husband believes that he is the boss in every aspect of their life and that the Wife cannot at any time come up with any constructive idea. Initially, she tries to be the good and respectable wife who keeps her cool and seeks to stay out of her husband’s way on all issues that are likely to brew
Introduction The rapid developments in the Information Technology (IT) domains which have been fueled by the emerging needs in the ever evolving IT world have led programmers and system developers to create better models of surmounting challenges of the contemporary world. The development of computer phenomenon has been experiencing tremendous changes in its multi-dimensional composition. The developments have also rippled over into database technological design. New needs and challenge emerge on the aspect of data warehousing, data security, network, optimisation of data system functionalities and performances; this has led to the revolutionarisation of the IT domain with notable strides thrust in the database technology and internet security realms. The report discussed and explored in this paper is a detailing of empirical search experimentation findings on the loopholes and vulnerabilities of Digital Certificates generation owing to the unearthed loopholes or weaknesses of one of popular encryption method known as MD5. Main body The featured article is a technical article detailing some IT problem scenario and dynamics particularly on the subject of data security. The problem scenario entails a data ware housing injection loopholes associated with the popular MD5 algorithm in which the researchers have unveiled new possibilities of internet attacks. The findings by researchers come as way of protracted and ongoing research of the internet security solution finding mission aimed at the eradication of instances of rogue web activity. According to the article the researchers have illustrated how an attack which enabled them to successfully generate a rogue Certification Authority (CA) certification. The certificate would be passed as genuine by all web browsers and enable an injector to impersonate a website even those which have been secured by the HTTPS protocol. The article which has been drafted in the composition of technological review and typical IT periodical or scientific review is deep into the technical aspect of the subject in focus, internet security in this case. The article features the research findings by Internet Security experts from different countries enlisting USA, Switzerland and Netherlands who have experiment with the functionalities of a popular internet security encryption method known as MD5 to illuminate the loopholes and vulnerabilities of the security method. Deeper into the technical aspects of the subject focus the experts have unearthed and detailed the vulnerabilities that come with the internet public Key Infrastructure (PKI) that is instrumented to generated as well as issue digital certificates for secure websites. According to the report article, i
Introduction A juvenile is a minor or a person who is under the age of eighteen. Juvenile crimes are most prevalent because most young people are uncontrollable, that is, they want to do things their own way. Nowadays juvenile crimes have risen up due to a combination of technology advancement, genetic factors and the environment that children are brought in (Blumstein, 1995).It is no wonder that a lot of children are involved in aggressive sexual behaviors and sex abuse. These days children of a very tender age of nine to twelve years old have access to internet where they watch pornography sites.As a result they become curious of what they see and thus get the influence to involve into such sexual behaviors. They not only involve themselves in sexual practices but also go to an extent of abusing others sexually. Thus juvenile sex offences occurs when a child is harassed sexually through deception, force or enticement without his or her consent (Shaw, 1999).These offences are accompanied with such acts like touching of another child’s body, kissing, use of bad sexual language ,messages and even sexual intercourse. Subgroups of juvenile sex offenders Juvenile sex offenders are classified into two; those that offend against their peers and those that offend against children. These two subgroups differ in a number of ways. For instance, those that offend their peers do so openly while those that offend the children looks for an opportunity to do so. They may take advantage of the people who trusts them like their relatives or close friends to exploit their children. The peer offenders are likely to have other criminal records while the children offenders have a life history of self resentment and low esteem. The two subgroups are characterized by weird behavior patterns like violence, signs of depression and aggressiveness. Causes of juvenile sex offences According to Ryan and Lane (1997) sexual abuse in children is caused by factors like; early childhood orientation of sexual behaviors, exposure to media where they can watch sex dominated programs and the environment in which they grow. In addition most of the behaviors that adolescent and teenagers engage
Introduction Teaching nurses in clinical settings, although an educational experience, presents challenges that are different from those encountered in the classroom. The latter is specifically evident when the application of clinical practice is required. Accordingly, due to such distinct challenges, the teaching experience, as well as the learning, can be seen as unique. The collaboration between theory and practice is evidenced at its best in such aspects of health care education. Furthermore, the significance of nursing clinical education can be seen through the involvement of the patients in such activities, either as a requirement of the lesson or in the outcome of the activity. In that regard, the term clinical, that is, involving direct observation of the patient (Gaberson & Oermann, 2006, p. 2), is central. Consequently, in teaching clinical skills, the importance of the context implies certain educational theories to be applied in the process. Although such theories might vary, they share a common characteristic of being student-centered. Student-centered education is designed to develop professional skills, among which are “problem-solving, group process and facilitation, and lifelong learning skills” (Young & Paterson, 2007, p. 4). One of the theories that underline the student-centered approach is the constructivist theory. The usage of the constructivist theory in the context of nursing education can be seen as “an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current or past knowledge” (Brandon & All, 2010, p. 89). The benefits of such an approach can be seen in the promotion of students’ responsibility, improving critical thinking, and encouraging the rapid adaptation to changes in evidence-based practice (Brandon & All, 2010, p. 91). In light
Man-made islands in Dubai There are several residential projects that are now being implemented in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. First of all, one should speak about the construction of the Palm Islands and the World Islands in Dubai. These projects were implemented in order to solve the problem of beach shortage in the city, beginning in 2003 (Badescu & Cathcart 2011, p. 66). At that time, the coastline was not sufficient for construction industry. There was virtually no space that could be filled by office buildings, hotels, restaurants, and so forth. These islands are made of the sand that has been dredged from the bottom of the sea. To a great extent, these artificial islands were supposed to serve the needs of the real estate market which was booming in the UAE (Froelich, 2008, p. 430). It was supposed that the territory could be used for various residential projects such as the construction of restaurants, luxury hotels, shopping malls, villas, or sports facilities (Froelich, 2008, p. 430). The islands can be used by various businesses that intend to operate in Dubai. The availability of artificial islands can stimulate the growth of tourism in the UAE. At present, many of the construction projects on the Palm Islands have not been completed. However, there are many people who are willing to settle on the Palm Islands (Roza, 2009, p. 54). They prefer to move to Palm Jumeirah because it has the most developed infrastructure (Roza, 2009, p. 54). These are some of the details that can be identified, but there are several environmental problems that should not be overlooked. First of all, these projects can disrupt the functioning of many marine eco-systems. One should not forget about the erosion of the
Living in the modern world, people are impacted by different aspects. On the one hand, people are influenced by many situations. On the one hand, these situations influence people. There are two points of view concerning the meaning of popular culture in the United States of America since the late 1960s. Some people believe that popular culture is the reflection of the situation in social opinion about gender, race, and class. These people are sure that the popular culture in this perspective has a positive effect and shows the society its problems, the popular culture directs the situation for better outcomes, for the reduction of the prejudices, discrimination, etc. However, there are people who believe that popular culture since the late 1960s was just the reason for rising conflicts, inequality in society in mentioned aspects, such as race, gender, and class. I strongly believe that the popular culture has been the site of progressive, empowering, and potentially liberating ideas about race, class, and gender even though there are a lot of other specific examples which may show the contradicting opinion. Of course, all the situations and events which take place in society cannot be directed at showing one particular effect, and both negative and positive results are observed. The problem is whether the negative or positive aspects are dominating. I strongly believe that the popular culture since the late 1960s has positively influenced the development of society as people were interested in creating a new community free from prejudices and discrimination. This is exactly the direction of American society for now. Trying to prove my position, I want to say that most of the movies, books, music, and other sources of mass information have been directed at showing people that the country has some problems and these problems are to be solved. This is not encouraging for separation of the only nation, vice versa, it is the desire to show that being absolutely different people are to find similar goals, they should search for the same ideas and interests as living on one and the same land people should be encouraged in being united. The popular culture pursues this purpose. If you remember the band El Chicano and their hit “Viva Tirad,” you are to understand that the real nature of their songs and this piece of music, in particular, was to show the whole world the diversity of the population in Los Angeles and to express the idea of the same identity as living in the USA these people follow the same laws and they are to try to unite their attempt to become a great nation. Getting closer to the discussion of the music by El Chicano and their hit “Viva Tirad,” it is possible to stress the main idea of this song. The racial, cultural, and political identities are presented in the music by this band. Listening to th
All humans want to be happy for as long as possible but not all of them know how to achieve this goal. Some people believe that a person will be happy if they engage themselves in different activities and see as many new places as possible. The others feel that they are happy only when they are with their families. For me, the best way to achieve lasting happiness is to value health over materialistic things, create strong connections with family members, and find a golden mean between comfort and novelty. Valuing and maintaining physical and mental health is important for achieving lasting happiness. When a person is strong and healthy, they will be able to attain different goals and become successful in life. In comparison, if a person is sick, it will be difficult for them to stay happy, especially if this illness is a result of an unhealthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle helps combat stress, protect the heart, and reduce pain, making a person happier and more confident in their future. Moreover, creating deep connections with family members and friends is also essential for human well-being. People who isolate themselves from others are often unhappy because they have no one with whom they can share their secrets, problems, and joys. However, having an intimate partner or a close friend will help a person to endure any hardships easier and become happy again. Strong family relationships bring joy and happiness and help endure all hardships a person can face during their life. Finally, finding a balance between rest and activities, comfort and novelty are essential for achieving lasting happiness. Positive psychologists believe that the main factors influencing lasting well-being are genetic factors (50%), intentional activities (40%), and life circumstances (10%) (Brown and Rohrer 1288). I agree that human activities have a great impact on the sense of lasting happiness. If a person can combine work and rest, lives a healthy life, and has time for hobbies and family, they will be able to attain lasting happiness. Work Cited Brown, Nicholas J. L., and Julia M. Rohrer. “Easy as (Happiness) Pie? A Critical Evaluation of a Popular Model of the Determinants of Well-Being.” Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. 21, 2020, pp. 1285-1301. SpringerLink.
The Gateway Arch of St. Louis is one of the nation’s more identifiable landmarks. Designed in 1947 but not built until the 1960s, the Arch is 630 feet tall and 630 feet wide at its base (Escherich, 2006). It was the design of Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, who was considered one of the most celebrated and controversial architects of his time (Barbano, 2006), yet the difference between when it was designed and when it was built spans a shift in artistic approaches that places the Arch a little behind its time aesthetically speaking. Saarinen was the son of Eilel Saarinen who was himself an internationally recognized architect. His designs were considered radical for his time and they helped to promote the achievements of the age – automobiles, airplanes, television and computers. Unfortunately, Saarinen died in 1961 at the age of 51 and two years before work began on the Arch. The project was carried forward by Hannskarl Bandel, a German structural engineer who emigrated to the United States after World W
Offering unauthorized immigrants a path to citizenship has been a point of discussion for a long time now. Conversations revolving around immigration in the United States have prompted intelligent answers which have rested on moral principles and ethics of immigration (Vaughn 414). In the early ’90s, Western Europeans were favored by the quota system, which drove the immigration policy in the United States. However, in 1965, the policy was amended by the Immigration and Nationality Act (1965) to select skilled immigrants and reconnect them with their families during the immigration process. The immigrants who attain permeant residency do not exclude children who are brought illegally. Statistics for 2015 have shown that 43.2million foreign-born- individuals (both unauthorized and legal) have lived in the United States, which is equivalent to 13.4% of the total population (Vaughn 415). Reports show that about a million immigrants usually enter the United States yearly, and more than a million immigrants become lawful permanent residents (Vaughn 415). Children have no sound judgment, and therefore, they should not be deported as much as they could be in the country illegally. Thus, deportation, which is the formal removal of a foreign national for violation of immigration laws, should only be applicable if citizenship for unauthorized individuals has failed. Finally, a million immigrants who usually enter the United States yearly and who become lawful permanent residents have proved a clear path to the attainment of citizenship. As a result, some of the misconceptions about immigration in the United States are that immigration harms the economy, immigrants commit more crimes than American-born people, and immigrants deplete American jobs (Vaughn 416). However, offering citizenship to the millions of immigrants in the United States will boost the economy since they will become automatic taxpayers. Work Cited Vaughn, Lewis. “Doing Ethics: Moral Reasoning, Theory, and Contemporary Issues.” Teaching Philosophy, vol. 42, no. 4, 2019, pp. 414-417.