ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this allegory, Plato described the reality ob manifested to ordinary people, as the movement of shadows along the cave wall. He conceptualized it as a projection, a reflection of the world unfolding in front of the cave entrance and inaccessible to the observers sitting with their backs turned to it. The central point of the allegory – the ascent from the Cave into the light – signifies the path of cognition of the intelligible, unchanging Truth (Lawhead, 2014). This point can be utilized in political philosophy: the one who has learned the meaning of things and is not content with speculations and assumptions will manage a state better. Blind is the ruler who has little knowledge of the essence of anything and who does not have a clear image of it in his soul. The sense of opposing the reality and the perceived in the Cave myth is epistemological and is tied to the replacement of reliance on sensory cognition with mental comprehension. The reality of the Cave is the illusion of the Truth of our sensory knowledge. The eyes cannot be trusted, and only in the bright sunlight one can cognize the idea of ​​the Good (or strive for it, recognizing it in the beautiful). Looking at the shadows in a cave is like not seeing anything. The first world – the world of sensory cognition – is not worthy of trust: feelings are changeable, chaotic. The second world – the kingdom of reason and measure – the world of Ideas, the world of true knowledge. This allegory is part of Plato’s reflections on the essence of the state and public administration. The state should be governed by a philosopher, a lover of wisdom, who does not limit his knowledge to the sensory world (Lawhead, 2014). His goal is to see things as they are, to know the idea to which all of them are subordinated. Everything is subordinated to the idea of ​​Truth and strives for it. Comprehending the idea of ​​the Virtue is a complex process. Only a philosopher, a lover of wisdom, can cognize Ideas since this lot is exceptionally challenging. First of all, the philosopher must see and discard all the impurities that connect him with the world of sensory knowledge. To cognize the Virtue, one must be patient and cognize it in separate parts (C Luce, 2017). If we are not able to grasp the good with one idea, then we will capture it in three – beauty, proportion, and Truth. Putting them together, as it were, we say that this is the real reason for what is contained in the mixture, and thanks to its goodness, the mixture becomes good. Not everyone can contemplate ideas, “see” them, and, probably, only a philosopher can do it. Things, as opposed to ideas, can be seen and grasped by anyone, and the area of ​​sensory cognition is appearance. However, visibility is an illusion of reality, and according to this, things are illusory. The World of Ideas is the true reality, and the Cave myth in Plato’s representation of assimilation to misconceptions in which sensory cognition results. Thus, the Plato represents metaphysical dualism, the idea of splitting the body and soul and approaching the two as fully separate entities (Lawhead, 2014). The Cave i
Recently I got a chance to work in a home care known as First Choice Home Company, which is owned by a Home Care Coordinator. The Home Care was started a while ago and is not part of a larger organization. It deals with the less fortunate elderly people who cannot assist themselves and are neglected by their families. The problem addressed by the home care is within the context of a larger social problem. It is because of poverty that families neglect the old since they see them as a burden to their lives. It is also because of poverty that the elderly persons fail to save for their old age since most people barely get enough to save for the future. In relation to this, a detailed study of poverty in Los Angeles is necessary in order to determine the most effective strategies that can help in solving this problem. According to data presented by Los Angeles Poverty Department, Los Angeles poverty rate is above 15%. In 2007, the percentage of people living below the poverty level in Los Angeles was at 15% which rose to 17.5% in 2010. The most recent data shows that the poverty level is at 17%, meaning that poverty level is still high in this area. According to this information, one in every six people is living below the poverty level. On top of this, inflation caused more problems when household income increased to a higher level than before. South Bay Area is the most affected area in Los Angeles with the most evident poverty problem being homelessness. Children between 5-6years are the most affected followed by women especially single mothers. The Hispanic and the black American individuals are most affected followed by American Indian individuals. This does not mean that poverty does not affect other groups like whites and Asians (Ciment 68). The major cause of poverty in this region is unemployment since a large number of people are jobless. The region is also known for its unequal distribution of resources and income where the gap between the poor and the rich is very high. Although unemployment is known to be the major cause of poverty, there are people who are poor even when working. This means that there are other causes of poverty like those related to the recent recession in the country. As seen earlier, recession led to the increase in household income from a lower level to a higher level. However, studies show that the level of poverty as a result of the recession is declining as the country is recovering. Some of the effects of poverty in this region are low income level and inability to rent or own a house. As a result, homelessness and other social problems like poor health and lack of food increases (Haugen 98). Many people also lack either private or public insurance, which affects their access to health care. With such poverty problems being witnessed, it is necessary to come up with long term strategies th
Introduction For a long time, sport events at the Olympics such as swimming have provided an important arena for experimenting with techniques of periodization. In swimming, for example, the individual effort of each athlete is easy to measure since swimming competition focuses only on the individual athlete and the clock. Individual performance does not rely on group performance of other swimmers in the competition. Therefore, the output of an athlete can be easily regulated with proper practice and training schedule. Understanding the nature of each sport is important in devising a periodization system that takes the needs of the event into consideration since each sport in essentially different. This paper analyzes the concepts of periodization and tapering in swimming at the Olympic level. Needs Analysis of Swimming To be successful in swimming as a sport demands self-discipline and adherence to a strict training plan that agrees with the physical and psychological demands of the sport. The first requirement for a successful career in swimming is nutrition. Observing a strict nutritional plan is an essential aspect of preparation for any athlete (Eberle 2007). Nutrition is an important part of a swimmer’s training for swimming consumes lots of calories. Most Olympic bound athletes in the swimming category cover over seven miles in a single training session. Therefore, the nutritional diet of a swimmer ought to consider the strength needed and should be sufficient to build endurance due to the strict training demands. The athlete’s diet should consist mainly of proteins and carbohydrates that have high energy content. In short, the diet of a swimmer should contain more calories (over 1200) than that of an average person (Eberle 2007). Weight training is another important area to consider. When preparing for the Olympics, the training schedule of swimmers should aim at developing strong muscles. The body of a swimming athlete needs to have the necessary muscle power to overcome water resistance. However, it must remain flexible to enable the swimmer to execute strokes and varying motions. A swimmer’s legs must have enough strength to push the body off the wall as he makes turns. Exercises for such athletes should not only focus on strength, but must also pay attention to agility. Their daily weight workout ought to last approximately 30 minutes. These e
Protests are one of the ways in which citizens in democratic societies express their views and their frustrations. The main reason why protests are necessary is that they provide a lawful and orderly outlet for pent-up emotions. Protesters meet to express their solidarity regarding specified issues. This paper addresses several issues arising from the protest organized by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP). The protest took place on 22 March 2014 in Ontario. The purpose of the rally organized by OCAP was to raise awareness regarding the poverty situation in Ontario and other parts of Canada. This rally was targeting the Liberal Party Convention in the city. The intention of the organizers was to get the attention of the politicians who were attending the Liberal Party Convention in Ontario. The thrust of the rally was to compel the politicians to make changes to the social justice system to give the poor a better chance of surviving in the harsh economic climate. The four main demands made by the protesters were as follows. First, the protesters wanted the Liberal Party to raise the social assistance rates by 55%. Secondly, the protesters wanted the Liberal Party to raise the minimum wage to $14 per hour. The third demand made by the protesters was for the restoration of the Special Diets and the Community Start-up Benefits. Finally, the protesters opposed the plan to merge the Ontario Workers (OW) and the Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP) by Liberal Party. The rally organizers wanted to get the attention of the delegates attending the Liberal Party Convention. This would give them access to the political leaders whose influence was necessary to address their demands. The flyers advertising the event also mentioned Kathleen Wynne by name. Kathleen Wynne is Ontario’s Premier. This shows that the protesters wanted her attention in regards these issues. It means that she had the influence needed to effect the changes demanded by the protesters. The main interests represented at the rally were as follows. First, people living with disabilities were interested in the protest because of the proposed merger between OW and ODSP. The merger may affect the financial assistance extended to the disabled. The second interest group in the protest was the minimum wage workers. OCAP felt that these people had lost their buying power due to inflation. Therefore,
Introduction Construction is a separate independent branch of the state’s economy, which is necessary to commission new buildings and structures. In addition, reconstruction, expansion, repair, and technical re-equipment of existing production and non-production facilities. The defining role of the construction industry is to create conditions for the dynamic development of the country’s economy. The construction industry is of great importance in the development of the state: the economic efficiency of related sectors of the economy is primarily ensured by the intensive development of construction. The specifics of the industry are explained by the nature of its final products, specific working conditions, several specifics of the equipment used, technology, organization of production, management, and logistics. Main body Construction refers to the sphere of material production, i.e., to the industries that create material goods. The products of the construction industry are plants and factories built and put into operation, railways and highways, power plants, shipping channels, ports, residential buildings, and other objects that form the fixed assets of the economic complex of the country. In addition to the creation of fixed assets, the functions of capital construction include the expansion, reconstruction, and technical re-equipment of existing fixed assets. Therefore, the main task of capital construction is the expanded reproduction and qualitative renewal of fixed assets in all sectors of the country’s economy. Thus, capital construction creates material conditions that ensure the possibility of functioning the means of production. Due to the coronavirus, there were failures in the supply chain, which caused the construction industry to suffer quite a lot. In addition, the rise in prices for building materials provoked the unfinished construction of some objects. Due to the combination of all factors, there was a decrease in production volumes in the construction sector. Likely, the growth rate of the construction industry in the United States will reach an average of 4.7% during 2021-2025 (BusinessWire, 2021a). This indicator consists of the need to build municipal institutions, for example, hospitals, since the coronavirus provoked an urgent need for this type of institution. Moreover, the states offer their residents favorable mortgage rates for primary real estate, which also contributes to the growth of the construction indust
Introduction Immigration has always been the backbone of American history and the country’s rich cultural and ethnic diversity. However, in the modern age, immigration has shifted in nature due to globalization, crises around the world, and, most importantly, national security. Immigration has become a controversial topic, not only politicized but, in some cases, creating a threat to national security. It has led to stringent immigration policies in recent years, which defer legal immigration beneficial to the country but also unfairly target some elements of illegal immigration as criminal, resulting in a potential humanitarian crisis. Government Agencies Immigration in the U.S. is overseen by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and its various agencies. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) oversees legal immigration-related services, such as visas, work authorization, and naturalization. Meanwhile, U.S. Immigration and Customers Enforcement (ICE) acts as a national security apparatus, targeting criminal networks and terrorist organizations that may be using vulnerabilities in the American immigration system for nefarious purposes. ICE was formed after 9/11 as part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (White et al., 2010). Radicalization of ICE Under the Trump administration, anti-immigration enforcement and ICE began to shift radically, which many scholars and pundits consider as radicalization. Trump’s rhetoric and messaging have focused on an anti-immigration stance, which at times bordered on racism. President Obama’s administration and most previous administrations of either party have focused on creating a hierarchical set of priorities. Although Obama’s administration did deport more than any other administration previously, enforcement by ICE was focused on people who posed a threat to national security or had serious criminal intent or convictions. Other unauthorized immigrants, although being investigated, usually did not face scrutiny and had some leniency towards remaining in the United States. In his first week in office, Trump issued an executive order which changed the policy towards targeting virtually unautho
Andre Gunder Frank considers underdevelopment as an inherent part of the global economy as each developed country has come though this stage. The developing countries have just stopped on one particular stage of their development longer and it does not mean that the current social, political and economical position of the developing countries remain the same. This theory is based on the fact that each country develops by one and the same scheme and the developing countries which are leg in economical and societal development have not just entered the necessary stage which ma help them continue their growth. Considering the development of each country as the process which has the same nature and should subject to the specific rules, Andre Gunder Frank assures that “economic development occurs in a succession of capitalist stages and that today’s underdeveloped countries are still in a stage, sometimes depicted as an original stage of history, through which the now developed countries passed long ago… underdevelopment is not original or traditional and that neither the past nor the present of the underdeveloped countries resembles in any important respect the past of the now developed countries [which] were never underdeveloped, though they may have been undeveloped. It is also widely believed that the contemporary underdevelopment of a country can be understood as the product or reflection solely of its own economic, political, social, and cultural characteristics or structure” (Frank 1). Immanuel Wallerstein also supports the idea there are particular stages which exist for the development of an evolution of the societies. Only coming though these stages the country is able enter the highest position of its development. Additionally, Wallerstein is sure that the history should be one of the main sources of possessing knowledge as such countries as USSR and China during the times of Mao are the examples of the rapid growth, however, inability to step on another stage, to see the advantages of the modern development caused their ruining (Wallerstein 415). However, there are some scholars who disagree with this statement being sure that e development of the country depends on the knowledge of its population and on the way how those societies were governed. The level of social development and human organization are the only contributors to the success of failure of the progress of regress of the societies (North 59). Therefore, the developing countries at the states they are only because they lack professional human resource and contributor in their economies. In case the developing countries stand on the way of correct political and economical path, their destiny may change. However, in case of the current state of affairs, the situation may never change and being developing countries, they will never become developed. Therefore it may be concluded that the developing stage as well as underdevelopment one are the parts of the global
Introduction The struggle between the Quakers and Puritans during the early days of America settlement has received some attention. The issues were the struggle between the Quaker sect that wanted to convert members of the Puritan group to their cause. The Puritans saw this as a mischief created by Britain as the Puritans felt that their increasing power and tendency to take independent decisions was upsetting the plans of the British Empire. In a bid to crush this cultural and religious invasion, the Puritans threw out the Quaker prophets from the Massachusetts area and forbade them from entering the area on pain of death. This did not deter the Quakers and they willingly accepted executions in the hope of attaining martyrdom. Between 1659 and 1661, four Quakers were executed. This paper researchers the issue of the executions and the larger politics and struggle for power in the early days of the 16th century. Who were the Quakers The Quakers were a group of radical Christian sect that formed in Britain during the English interregnum. The sect member believed that the spirit of God dwelled within them and guided their actions. Given to bizarre acts, they were a hardy lot who believed in extreme acts and were ready to undergo beating, mutilations, beatings and even death in order to preach their concept of Christianity and obtain converts to their cause in the newly settled areas of the present day USA. The settlements of America in the early years of the 16th century, still owed allegiance to their mother country Britain. The majority of settlers in Americas were the Puritans, who were another sect of Christians and had field Britain after being purged from their homelands. The puritans guarded their lands and religion very zealously and regarded with hostility when other groups or nations attempted to upstage them in their homeland. The Quakers had started coming to the Massachusetts region in 1656 and began spreading word about the imminent end of the world so that more people would convert to their sect and they succeeded in their acts of conversion. The Quakers came in New England on a mission from God and they wanted to reform the misguided English settlers. They had firm conviction about the final judgement and looked at their identification with the power of the divine and were ready to face any opponent. These members were not afraid of torture and executions and were of the opinion that dying while spreading the name of the god would help them to gain divine sanctification (Pestana, 1999, pp: 441-442). How the Puritans dealt with the Quakers The Puritans suspected that the British Empire was attempting to infiltrate their stronghold and weaken then hold by using the Quakers as an excuse. They also felt that the Quakers were the latest satanic plot to undermine the godly efforts of the Puritans to establish true Churches of Christ in America. This should be considered along with the beliefs of Satanic and dark forces, in which the general population
Introduction Healthy eating is the biggest contributing factor to an individual’s well being and it is associated with an increased quality of life as well as longer life expectancy. For children and adolescents, schools play a major role in molding their eating habits. Research revealed that in 2004, more than half of school-aged children received either breakfast or lunch in school (Terrence et al. 501). With this in mind, greater consideration should be placed on the foods that are being served to our youth in the school system. This is in because dietary habits and preferences are acquired during childhood and they become habitual over time (Terrence et al. 501). Over the past decade, the nutritional quality of school meals has been called to question with unhealthy eating among school-aged children being prevalent. This is a troubling phenomenon since unhealthy eating has many adverse effects to the individual. This paper shall set out to outline the foods that are served to our nation’s youth in the public school system so as to demonstrate that majority of American children have poor diets. The negative impact that poor food and dietary choices result in among children and adolescents shall then be articulated. The actions that are being undertaken to rectify the issue shall then be highlighted and further insight offered on how to end the issue of poor dietary habits among school aged children. Food Served in Public Schools Schools offer a wide array of foods at the various food outlets. Fruits and raw vegetables are some of the healthy foods that are offered. Some of these products are offered through the Farm-to-School programs which link local farmers providing locally grown produce to school cafeteria (Story, Nanney and Schwartz 81). Bread and rolls made from whole grains also constitute the healthy meals offered by schools. However, Gordon et al notes that only 5% of breads and rolls eaten in schools were made from whole grains due to the higher cost of whole grain (34). It should be noted that even in instances where schools offer healthy meals; children opt for unhealthier foods which are not only tastier but also cost relatively cheaper. The consumption of added sugars has in the recent past increased dramatically in the US. Frary et al reveal that teenagers are the age group which consumers most added sugars with added sugars contributing 20% of total energy intake for teenagers (56). Added sugars are defined as “sugars and sweeteners and syrups that are eaten separ