ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient The researcher is interested in describing a pattern of mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) during a particular year. To perform the analysis, it was decided to use hypothetical death rates from a sample of ten states and correlate those to per capita cigarette sales in dollar amounts per month. Based on the initial observations, the highest mortality from CHD was observed in states with the most cigarettes sold, while the lowest was recorded for the least sales. Hence, the hypothesis is that smoking cigarettes contributes to fatal cases of CHD. A Pearson’s correlation test was run to evaluate the relationship between cigarette sales and death rates b
How the Palm Oil Product Fits With a Theoretical Model of a Supply Chain From the onset, palms are grown in the fields until maturity, upon which they are harvested. Palm farming can either be subsistence or large-scale so that people who harvest the product from small farms sell them to companies who may accumulate the palms before transportation. After harvesting, the product is then transferred to the mills through road, train, or any other available method. At the mills, the product is reduced into granules using available specialized equipment. Depending on the supply chain setup, the finished goods are collected at a collection port to accumulate them, which means that they would be transported in bulk to minimize the number of trips and the associated transport costs. The product is then transferred to a refinery industry for further processing; the plant may also store it temporarily, awaiting subsequent handling. The refinery has a fractionating column that aids in separating the palm components such as stearin, and olein, which is the principal constituent. Manufacturers can then use stearin to make margarine. The business could make other products such as cookies. Once finished goods have been manufactured, the company has to identify the best distribution channels to ensure broad market attainment. Some of the distribution channels which firms can consider include vendors, wholesalers, and retailers. The Key Issues Within the Supply Chain There is a need for effective risk management in the supply chain. It is essential for success in incidents such as natural disasters, unsettled bills, and transport disruption. The process will help in preventing losses and provide mitigation methods if risks happen. Managing perils will also help to safeguard an organization’s reputation and promote customer satisfaction. On the other hand, the supply chain should be flexible to bear the uncertainty in the market which is caused by socio-political events and changes in customer demands. Flexibility refers to an organization’s ability to efficiently respond to changes in time, product cost, and performance. Flexible supply chains are adaptable to market shifts and responsive to changes in demand and supply. Potential Areas for Development and Improvement Along the Supply Chain This paper will use the transaction cost economics theory to highlight some of the palm supply chain areas, which can be improved. According to Fayezi and Zomorrodi (2016), the concept holds that the cost of the good or service should comprise all the hidden costs during an economic exchange. The theory argues that for an organization to achieve economic efficiency, it has to strategize on reducing the costs of exchange. It states that each transaction generates coordination costs of supervising, controlling, and managing dealings. Since Fayez and Zomorrodi credit this model with the ability to solve several issues in the supply chain, this study will apply it in resolving some areas of concern in the palm oil scenario. Risk Management The supply chain requires the stakeholders to have a comprehensi
Cultural Overview Hispanic Americans (also known as Latinos) are individuals of Puerto Rican, Cuban, Mexico, South or Central America, or other Spanish cultures regardless of their race (Foster, 1999). Despite, the differences in terms of nationalities, LGBT Hispanics have many values in common as reflected in their spirituality, altruism, and family values. Regardless of the diversity in their socioeconomic and cultural systems, their contribution to the society is remarkable. Lesbians, gay, bisexual and transgender sexuality is tough in the Hispanic community. There is a clear definition and rigidity of female and male roles guided by strong cultural taboos. Men are the breadwinners of the family, a duty that requires men to play the father figure role in the family (Eisenberg, 1999; Green Heritage News, 2010, November 26). Women on the other hand have to be submissive and play a subordinate role in the family (Green Heritage News, 2010, November 26). Hispanics therefore has to conform to the societal standards making it difficult for those who would have to play reversed roles given their sexuality. This conformity standard thus makes it difficult for homosexuals to expose their sexuality in spite of their fight for respect in the society and an end to stereotypes. In simple terms, Hispanic community rejects LGBT. Traditional Catholicism in Spain, as was practiced and still is, only permits marital procreative and chastity sexual behavior (Eisenberg, 1999). Catholic teachings thus regard all forms of LGBT sexual behavior sinful, a stain in the church. This rejection of homosexual and bisexual behavior is, however, dangerous as it only aggravate health problems in the society (Corrales and Pecheny, 2010). For instance, while there has been a rising trend in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among Hispanic men who have sexual relationships with more than one partner, including homosexuals and bisexuals, infections among LGBT remains unreported. The case is the same even for lesbians. Eisenberg (1999) asserts this in his historical overview of homosexuality in Spain, which dedicates twenty pages to lesbian writing in Spain. In his writing, he expresses the fear that female homosexuality has been underexplored owing to the rigidity of cultural and religious values. Attitudes and Preconceived Ideas Jorge Sanchez, a researcher with the family Acceptance Project, said cultural issues make homosexuality a difficult topic among Hispanic families and communities (San Francisco State University, 2009). Family issues are kept secret; a practice, which Hispanics believe protects the harmony of family. The prevailing cultural values and norms makes it even difficult to discuss sensitive issues of sexuality within the family or at the community level. Given the negative views arising from cultural perception, it
The present rapid technological transformation is causing marketers to adapt to changes by developing new modernized models, such as mobile marketing. Tong et al. (2020) define mobile marketing as the promotional technique applied to attract consumers using such mobile devices as smartphones and tablets through different application features. For this reason, marketers are designing advertisements for various features aimed at targeting mobile device users. Organizations can apply SMS/messaging, mobile websites, push notifications for application downloads and the in-application advertisement, or use such mobile devices as tablet computers installed in restaurants to advertise and collect data while promoting customer experience. Messaging/SMS and mobile website marketing are two ways that advertisers use as a mobile marketing strategy. For SMS/messaging method, an organization develops promotional message content to inform their targeted customers about their products and services, hoping to entice them to make purchases (Tong et al., 2020). For example, a betting company can design a message and send it to its clients to notify them of a new or existing bonus. The message is then sent to potential and existing consumer individual numbers. For the mobile website, an organization can design new or use the same content to promote their products and services on various popular mobile websites (Tong et al., 2020). For example, a beer company can develop a short advertisement content to promote a popular news website to inform consumers of a new alcoholic brand that it has released in the market. Push notifications for downloading apps and promotions via mobile application are another way that firms are using to market their brands. Push notifications are advertisement pop-ups aimed at inducing probable consumers to download their mobile applications to access their products and services (Tong et al., 2020). For instance, a bank can develop push notifications for the new mobile application where its clients can access their services and use the various mobile websites as access points. In promotions via mobile applications, some organizations allow other companies to advertise their products in their mobile applications (Tong et al., 2020). Excellent examples are the various gaming application programs that contain promotion messages for other organizations, such as supermarkets informing consumers of an upcoming sale. Apart from developing promotional content, firms are utilizing such mobile devices as tablet computers to promote their consumer experience when delivering products and services. For instance, restaurants have installed tablet computers
Bundled pricing program for the amenities of the hotel The suggested bundle would include a sauna, spa treatment, massage therapy, and paddle boating/kayaking on the river and would have a price of $170. The program would include a standard 30-minute massage session and a standardized kayaking route from the dock to the hotel that would not exceed 50 minutes. When taken separately, the said amenities would cost $180 and would have an average profit margin of 35%. Therefore, the combined cost of services can be estimated at $117. A minimum desired profit margin would thus produce a bundle price of $156. An additional $4 would raise the PM to 26.8%, which would be an acceptable difference. However, if the elasticity of demand is 1.3, even the small increase in price could lead to a disproportionate decline in demand (LOKAD, n.d.). In this case, it would be advised to keep the price of the bundle at $156, or even drop it to $155 (24.5% PM) if acceptable. Develop a package or set of packages to offer to non-hotel residents Since the hotel already has an inventory and staff necessary to run the kayaking service, it can be expanded to include more starting points, routes, and levels of difficulty. The primary target market for this project would be the individuals interested in sports and outdoor activities. Hence, the current 60 minutes rental would probably be insufficient, so the time of the services is to be expanded to 5-hour and 8-hour programs. Considering the desired 40% PM, the hourly price must be $27. Thus, the recommended pricing of the service is $140 for a five-hour trip (41.9% PM) and $215 for an 8-hour trip (39.5 PM). In the case when the price sensitivity of the customer group is high, the primary concern would be the existence of the competing services specializing in outdoor programs, which would likely have more attractive pricing strategies. Reference LOKAD. (n.d.). Price elasticity of demand . Web.
Dell Incorporation is a major market player in the electronics industry. It manufactures tablets, desktop computers, laptops, cathode ray tubes and various microprocessor chips, as well as other computer peripherals such as printers, cameras, servers and network switches. In the resend years, the organization has focused almost all of its efforts on ensuring that the acquisition, usage and disposal of its e-wastes are safe and environmentally friendly. For instance, the company wants to stop burying electronic wastes, but instead to start recycling them so as to reduce the effects they have on the environment, especially when landfills are created. Furthermore, Dell endeavors to replace the traditional materials for packaging of its products by those of bamboo, straw and mushrooms. These products are renewable and eco-friendly compared to vinyl plastic products that are neither renewable nor environmentally friendly. The company is also trying to reduce the amount of gasses emitted due to the company’s greenhouse footprints that are home to their manufacturing and incubation processes. The reduction of these emissions is to reduce by almost 50%. After this is achieved they also intend to reduce the amount of poisonous and sensitive materials used in production such as lead and mercury, which are non-biodegradable, as well as the emission of inert gases used in the manufacture of cathode ray tubes (Lyles 40). Dell’s initiative is based on a case by case basis where the company tries to come up with environmentally friendly solutions to specific problems affecting the environment. A case in point is changing the type of materials used for packaging and the efforts put into limiting the amount of harmful gases emitted into the atmosphere. Thus, from these actions, it is clear that Dell Incorporation is consistent and persistent in coming up with environmentally friendly solutions that are sustainable. The company does not know the exact amount of the cost for enacting all the new laws and regulations, but it has estimated the cost of foregone profits to be nearly $125 million annually. This loss can only be incurred if the company ensures that its production, packaging and disposal processes are free of pollution and they meet the set standards for environmental friendliness. The new developments at Dell will lead to a positive payoff in future because the world is going ecofriendly, and thus most customers, as well as organizations will prefer to purchase products that are eco-friendly and in the process increase its number of customers. More so, the use of renewable and recyclable products in packaging will provide Dell with a platform to increase their prices since customers can reuse their byproducts (“Dell Sets 2020 Environmental Goals”). Dell is doing a good job at preserving the environment since the methods it has employed are sustainable and cheap. The packaging design is very sustainable in the long run since it also encourages the planting of bamboo trees, hence conserving the environment as well as increasing the forest cover (Lyles 46). Reducing emissi
Licensing, certification, and issuance of credentials are common terms encountered in the field of counseling. Licenses, certifications, and credentials demonstrate various similarities and differences. In the state of New York, counselors have certain rules that govern their conduct, licensing, certification, and issuance of credentials. These rules boost the nature and quality of services delivered by the counselors. A license, a certification, and a credential are terms that counselors come across in their daily endeavors. While a license gives individuals the permission to conduct their activities without interferences, a certification declares the qualifications of individuals to the society. Consequently, a credential informs the society that a person has the required characteristics and can successfully perform certain activities as affirmed by the issuer of the credential. However, the three terms, a license, a certification, and a credential, have some differentiating factors. A license is a permission that enables people to undertake certain duties, while a certification confirms that someone is qualified and can undertake particular duties effectively. Conversely, a credential is a confirmation that determines individual competences. Therefore, the research locates laws that regulate and influence licensing, certification, and issuance of credentials, state requirements, and steps required to remain current on all revisions and amendments in the field of counseling. I am a counselor in the state of New York, who deals with issues that affect families. While education, conduct, and past record are the main factors that regulate licensing and certification of individuals, the regulations also encompass the ethical codes of conduct. Junge (2010) asserts that some of the laws, which regulate counselors, include integrity, competence, respect, confidentially, and informed consent. Although most of these laws refer to the counseling ethics, they are laws that regulate the behavior of counselors and influence the nature of services delivered to the clients. These laws ensure that clients receive superior counseling services that are free from any harm or disrespect and are within the required ethical standards. A breach of these laws results in a legal penalty that can be a jail-term of revocation of the license. In the state of New York, the laws govern counselors and ensure that they undertake their activities in an informed manner. Internship, supervision, licensing, and continued education have certain requirements that an individual has to fulfill. In New York State, an individual has to meet the required education, which is a master’s degree, in order to acquire a license. Prior to acquisition of a license, the person has to undertake a training on family issues and engage in a supervised therapy that comprise 300 hours of contact with clients in the field of specialty (The National Certified Counselors Newsletter, 2011). Thereafter, the prospective individual applies for an ex
Objective The objective of this assignment is to recycle various household items to conduct an experiment and to write a research report on it. Throughout the process of ten weeks various types of plastic materials had been collected and stored so that when we resell these items after ten long weeks, we are able to easily tell the difference between the price of when it was bought and the price at which it is again sold in the market. The above mentioned process was carried out for the duration of ten weeks. In the first week of this assignment four plastic milk pack containers were collected, stored and kept for recycling. In the second week, three plastic bottles were collected from the street [they were normal pet bottles of soft drinks] and were stored along with the milk pack containers. In the third week, five plastic plates were found from the household stuff which was not of use any more [they were standard soup plates]. In the fourth week, six plastic tea cups were found which were also placed alongside all the other recyclable items in the storage area. In the fifth week, three plastic dustbins were collected for this task [they were pedal opener dustbins]. Five hair combs were also collected in the sixth week from the household items as well. The seventh week, twelve ball point pens were collected as part of recycling experiment. In the eight week plastic lunch boxes were also collected. Ninth week, Plastic shopping bags were collected as they are used almost on a daily basis in some way or the other and also due to the reason that they are environmentally noxious to the society. The last week of the recycling experiment, Plastic balls were collected; the ones that children play with. Items                    Quantity  Weight(grams) Plastic Milk Containers  4         120gms        Plastic Bottles          3         60gms         Plastic Plates           5         50gms         Plastic Tea Cups         6         30gms         Plastic Dustbin          3         90gms         Hair Combs               5         25gms         Ball point pen           12        30gms         Plastic Lunch boxes      7         84gms         Plastic shopping bags    8         8gms          Plastic balls            5         15gms                                  TOTAL     512gms         1 ton = 1000kgs 1 Kg = 1000gms Therefore 1 ton = 1000 x 1000 = 1,000,000gms 1,000,000gms = $1500 Therefore, 1gm = 1500/1,000,000 1gm = $0.0015 As we have 512gms = $0.768 Which = 76.8cents Data Collection Procedure After collection of all the necessary items to complete the assignment, counting was done on the basis of categorizing plastic material things for their purpose and the types. Once, the plastic goods were sequenced it became easier to calculate the varying types and sizes of items placed in the inventory. Management Skills Implemented The management skills which have been implemented in order to complete this assignment to manage a storage area for all the different items, in order to ensure that the stock inventory for recycling does not get mixed up. The storage area for the task was cleaned and tidie
Discovery of Phenylthiocarbamide Phenylthiocarbamide (herein referred to as PTC) is a compound that was discovered by an organic chemist. The chemist who discovered this compound is Arthur Fox from the United Kingdom. 1 The discovery occurred in 1931 when the chemist “accidentally released a plume of fine crystalline powder in his laboratory” 1 (par. 1). The compound has a number of unique properties. However, the most conspicuous property of this substance is its bitter taste. Interestingly, Fox determined that not everyone could experience the bitter taste of this compound. Different people detected the taste of this compound differently. For example, there were those who found it to be bitter, while others found it to be mildly bitter. In addition, other people could not detect any bitterness at all. The compound is still fascinating to researchers in this field, a number of years after its discovery. The researchers are fascinated by the ability of this compound to be detected by the taste buds of certain individuals and remain undetectable by others. Research has shown that the detection of PTC through taste buds is inherited. 1 Before DNA technologies gained popularity in the medical field, PTC tasting was used as some sort of paternity test. 1 To this end, the compound is of profound interest in the field of genetics. Mendelian Genetics and PTC Compound The subject of inherited characteristics among species has existed in medical research for many years. The mechanisms of inheritance were originally explained by Gregor Johann Mendel in 1866. 2 The researcher remains one of the most prominent geneticists to date. Through his research and publications, it was determined that the gene was the unit responsible for the hereditary phenomenon. In order to come up with his theory, Mendel conducted experiments using Pisum sativum. The plant is commonly referred to as the garden pea. Mendel was able to determine that, indeed, all species posses small units of ‘inheritance’. The proposals made by Mendel became significant principles of research on matters pertaining to inheritance. 2 The assumptions he made laid the foundation for transmission genetics. Isolation of the Gene Responsible for Binding PTC As already indicated above, the ability to taste PTC is a characteristic that can be inherited. The ‘inheritability’ of this ability can be expla