ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Marketing Plan Project Description of the company, its operations, and decision of expansion Superb Company, stylized as SUPERB, is an American business under the information technology and communications sector, established in 1996. The headquarters of Superb Company are in New York City. Superb has about 10000 workers with 150 of them engaging in research and development. It seeks to expand to other countries starting with Spain. Its aim is to realize over 150,000 workers in more than 15 countries around the globe by 2030. It currently has three research and development institutes in the US; and in 2015, Superb invested 100 million dollars in research and development, an increase of 10 million dollars from 2014. In 2015, the company made a profit of 55 million dollars. Its products, mainly the D1 smartphone, are currently sold in the US, but the company seeks to expand and enhance its profitability. Superb established D1 as an innovative form of smartphone particularly for the young generation in the United States. Currently, Superb aims at serving not just customers based in America, but seeks to develop and become the most successful company and greatly reputed international brand. Presently, Superb Company is diversifying with a scope of products such as the D1 smartphone amid others. The majority of smartphone users in the US are progressively endorsing Superb as a commendable product. Attributable to aggressive and tactical marketing endeavors, D1 has turned into the company’s most excellent brand on revenue creation. Appropriate country for expansion Superb Company seeks to expand and start operating in Spain. One of the reasons for choosing Spain is because the telecom companies presently operating there have not completely exploited the market since they have not developed Android to the same extent as the iOS (Recio-Rodríguez et al. 1). This signifies that there is a broad sector of the market to take advantage of through the Android application. For the customers in Spain, Superb Company will enhance the improvement of the Android application to get hold of a sizeable audience. This opportunity appears to be amid the most critical for the success of D1 in Spain. Currently, most of the companies operating in Spain target iPhone clients since they have a tendency of using more for every purchase, but with Android commanding over 65% of the US smartphone market, Superb Company is now evaluating these numbers closely. Planned entry strategy The best market entry strategy for the expansion of Superb Company’s operations into the Spanish market is the joint venture between the company and Apple Inc. In the joint venture, bo
“The fact is that censorship defeats its own purpose, for it creates, in the end, the kind of society that is incapable of exercising real discretion”~Henry Steele Commager Right from our childhood we are exposed to censorship though in varying degree and measure. Parents dictate what their children should or should not do stressing that it is for their children’s own good. Interestingly, although our parents would dictate what programs we were allowed to watch, that did not stop most of us from watching or listening to censored materials secretly. Once we grew older, we realized that censorship still persisted especially when the government decided that some music or videos should be censored because their content was considered immoral. However, the big question we should be asking ourselves is who has the right to make the decision that some media stuff is offensive. Is that not a disguised method of promoting an authoritarian regime by allowing an individual or a group of individuals to make that decision for the entire society The proponents of SOPA bill may argue that internet censorship yields positive results, but we should not forget that we have witnessed instances of society oppression in China where internet censorship laws overlook human rights of expression. Proponents of the SOPA bill may propose that ‘the end justifies the means’ because it seeks to protect copyrighted material from being pirated online; however, the fact that this ‘end’ is only achievable through unjustifiable means indicates that censorship laws do not achieve the intended results. It is high time we started searching for other means of protecting copyrighted materials, because it is evident that denying all people their constitutional right is not a solution. Obviously, artists are likely to benefit from internet censorship laws, but are these laws not likely to elevate individual rights over rights of every other individual in the society? SOPA bill portrays the American government as the ‘big brother’ who is always looking after ‘little brother’ just in case they put harmful objects in their mouth. However, the government (big brother) should realize that the society (little brother) has to be set free to make its’ own decisions, because censorship does not guarantee compliance. History has shown that censorship bears negative results because it gives rise to an utopian society by making some individuals more equal than others. Hitler’s regime is a clear evidence of what could go wrong when censorship laws are misused. Apparently, Hitler banned people from reading books, because he feared they would enlighten the society about his oppressive rule. Censorship is a reality with certain individuals trying to compel the government to ban particular books from high school curriculum because they think that the information is not approp
Understanding Mammography/Mammogram The National Cancer Institute defines a mammogram as an x-ray picture of the breast after mammography. Mammographies are useful screening and diagnostic tools. They help to check for breast cancer in case of no signs/symptoms: screening. They are also used to confirm the presence of breast cancer in the case of a prevailing lump or other sign/symptom of the disease (National Cancer Institute, 2014). Conducting Mammography When conducting a mammography, the breast is sandwiched between two plates, which compress the breast and are connected to a mammogram machine. The mammogram machine consists an adjustable at the top, and a fixed one at the bottom. An x-ray film is attached to the fixed bottom plate to enable it record the mammogram image. In order to avoid prolonged exposure to x-ray, while simultaneously obtaining a clearer picture, the breast is compressed to a thinner layer of tissue as indicated in the figure below. A computer-generated black and white image is produced during this procedure. A radiologist is the only capable person who can interpret this image. These computer-generated mammograms, otherwise known as digital mammograms are preferred in detecting cancer in women below the age of 50, and among women who have dense breast tissue (American Cancer Society, 2014). The mammograms are used to provide information necessary in the early detection of breast cancer. Reliability and validity of Mammography In this context, validity is the ability of the mammography to distinguish clearly between those who have breast cancer, and those who don’t. The issue of validity and reliability of mammograms is an area that has not been widely researched. However, there are numerous indications of the unreliability and poor validity of results as indicated by the occurrence of false positive and false negative results (Andolina and Lille, 2010). Available studies have mainly focused on the validity of health belief model variables in relation to mammography screening interventions. The reliability of mammography is not 100% due to the presence of false-negatives and false-positives, which apparently are inevitable. Sensitivity and Specificity of Mammography Mammography has a high sensitivity because it is able to detect prevailing cancers. Andolina and Lille (2010) report that the mammogram is not without some false negatives of between 5 and 15%. These false alarms could be attributed to cancers not diagnosable through a mammogram, young age, dense breast tissue, mucinous or lobular breast tissue, or rapidly enlarging cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2014). According to Andolina and Lille (2010), specificity of mammography is higher when used to screen the larger population in comparison to diagnosis of the cancer. Despite the fact that the mammography can indicate the presence of a malignancy or benign disease, it does not distinguish between these two. The predictive value of mammography is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the test. Controversies Despite the fact that the mammogram saves lives through early diagnosis of cancer; hence, promp
Introduction As kids grow, they can attain 2 levels of language expertise; Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills are also known as BICS, and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency also knew as CALP. Maria has been in America for a few months now, and she is at the BICS level. She can interact with other students in the social setting but not in the classroom setting. Mr. Bennett assumes that since Maria is fluent with her peers, she should be the same in class. This is not so, it may be that she does not comprehend some of the vocabularies used in science and geography lessons. Words like ‘deduce’ and ‘contrast’ might be very new to her and Mr. Bennett might not realize it. Also, it may be that she under went a different learning system back in Mexico. Therefore, Mr. Bennett has to come up with a teaching strategy, to get through to Maria. Reaching Maria One of the things he could do is give Maria some simple tasks while in class. Since Maria is a little bit strange to the classroom setting, simple tasks will make Maria feel that she is contributing; this is bound to boost her confidence. It may be that all Maria needs, is a little push to start building his confidence. She should begin with a simple task; closing the classroom door after the bell rings is a good example. In this task, there is little or no interaction with either her classmates or the teacher. It is a simple task, but she will be doing it under the eye of the whole class including the teacher. The teacher should not forget to alternate the students who close the door so that no kids will form an opinion or joke regarding Maria closing the door. Once she has gained enough confidence to do such an activity, Mr. Bennett should introduce a little more interactive task like collecting or distributing papers in class. In this task, interaction is present when the teacher asks Maria to collect the papers. The little interaction she will have with her peer
The four fundamental stages in a product cycle include introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. All these stages are pertinent to the development of a company. The value of having a product life cycle in an organization is to ensure that the firm understands that its products have a limited lifespan (Saaksvuori 2014). Thus, the company will be forced to invest deeply in new product development for the survival of the business. The product life cycle is important in ensuring that a firm maintains its competitive edge in the market (Niemann 2009). The product life cycle is also an important principle that manufacturers need to comprehend to make profits and survive in the business. Each stage is strategically important to an organization. The introduction stage deals with the launching of the product. During this time, the size of the market is small. Thus, the firm is not expected to make much revenue. Also, in the introduction phase, firms incur costs in research and development. Other expenses are experienced in product testing and market studies. This stage is critical to a company as it facilitates investment in the best method to reach the consumers. In the growth stage, business experiences a steady increase in revenues from sales and profits. Additionally, the company enjoys benefits from economies of scale and profit margins. The increase in revenue would be pertinent to the respective business to invest in promotional activities (Wang 2011). The promotional activities are geared towards the maximization of the potential of the particular growth stage. Once a firm majors in a particular promotional medium, it will be able to use it next time it introduces a product in the market. In the maturity phase, the product becomes established. In this phase, the focus of the business is to retain the market share captured (Stark 2011). In addition, a firm must devise the most appropriate competitive method to prevent the operations of its competitors. Thus, the focus shifts to marketing. The company also engages in product modifications to increase its competitive edge. The significance of the maturity stage is that a company can determine the marketing strategies that are best to use when a product reaches maturity (Saaksvuori 2014). In the decline stage, the product has reached the final stage. In this phase, the market shrinks slowly. One reason behind the shrinkage is that the market becomes saturated with the product. Besides, clients might be switching to the closest substitutes (Giordano 2012). Not only could the consumers be switching to substitutes, but also the different types of products. Phases in the Product cycle are evaluated based on the outcome of each phase. The phases a
Introduction Catharine Beecher’s “An Appeal to American Women” is a discussion kind of piece that considers the power of women in office and how the issue should be approached. During this time, 1869, in America, women were slowly gaining the right to vote by state, but there was not yet a nationwide law (which would pass in 1920 in the Nineteenth Amendment) for women to vote. The excerpt from this article basically says that women should not spend considerable effort fighting to get into the office to represent women and women’s rights. This, Beecher says, is too much of an offensive mentality that would only cause more problems from the fighting process itself. Beecher rather says that a set of principles, moral standards, or general perspective towards equality and a way of life should instead be considered. If this could be accomplished, then it would not matter who was in office. A mentality or set of principles towards equality or “a united petition of our sex, or even to a majority of the wise and the good” (Beecher p.343). Beecher also introduced the American Women’s Education Association at the end of the excerpt. While Beecher calls for an educational process that involves the public, we must wonder, is calling for such a change of public perspective really less chaotic and controversial than women actively pursuing to modify legislation? Beecher’s entire rationalization for catering to a general mentality of equality rather than attempting to alter legislation was for the sake of avoiding conflict and controversy. However, a large-scale plan to actively attempt to modify the public opinion, even though the medium of education, would likely be on a similar level of conflict, controversy, and debate. While Beecher’s methodologies for equality through peace are admirable, it would seem she sacrificed the strength of her stance in an attempt for an increased level of tranquillity through another methodology that would still cause a significant level of debate within the public. Analysis Many things could be explained, mostly only with regard to background theory and related circumstances. Overall the text is not very confusing, even as an excerpt, and since no quantitative information is given, it does not require additional substantiation. There were no figures either, only concepts. More background information could have been given, and this would have provided for a better understanding of the changes Beecher was trying to describe. It is likely, however, that the full document did have at least some additional background information. The full extent of the surrounding history and immediate issues in politics were likely not included while considered to be common knowledge to the audience at the time. Beecher likely assumed that the reader, should they be choosing to read the article, already has
Despite the fact that they are not always put in place, the general notion of universal human rights is in the present day largely acknowledged worldwide. Even then, particular sections of the human rights policy are revealingly challenged by influential political players. Human rights that articulate liberal ideals like non-discrimination, wide personal liberties and egalitarianism/ democracy expose the extent of this fact. Several communities which have political systems that are short of key liberal aspects and which as they acquire increased power end up challenging the norms of human rights. Even then, prospects of the liberal human rights don’t rely solely on the scales of supremacy between communities with diverse political systems. It also relies on the way communities with moderately tolerant political schemes respond to the challenge of non-tolerant schemes. Fastidiously, one main aspect is if advocators of liberal ideals believe they are vindicated to maintain these beliefs as universal human rights norms, or if they believe that some intolerant political applications ought to be esteemed internationally, the way that some liberals have debated. This paper aims at discussing whether liberal communities are ethically obligated to revere the multiplicity of political ideology as well as to get accustomed to human rights consequently. The paper will begin by elucidating in a few words the concept of liberal ideology in the way we decipher it here, and reveals the way the insertion of these philosophy’s in human rights is disputed in the present day. The paper will then scrutinize following a presentation, three protestations in opposition to liberal human rights. These are the significance of cooperative self-determination, the constricted international political task of human rights and the supposed parochialism of tolerant ideology. The synopsis is that not one of these doubts are realistic or credible. Contestation of liberal human rights “Liberalism”, as is the same with numerous other concepts, is construed by diverse authors in many different ways. Majority of liberals however, support three “normative political ideology” that we may refer to as “liberal principles”. These are:  1. Esteem for wide personal liberties that was epitomized by Miller’s “harm principle”, of which a community may only limit the liberty of citizens in order “to prevent harm to others” (Miller, 2007, 14), as well as Habermas initial rule of justice
Introduction Organizational learning can be defined to be an ongoing process of creation, attainment, and transfer of knowledge, coupled with an adjustment in behavior to result to fresh insight and knowledge beside producing an asset of higher level (Nielson, 1997, p. 2). The experience of large western developed nations has been the backbone for the development of organizational learning. However, there has been an underrepresentation of the learning experience of firms that are based in non-western countries. Aims and Purpose Part of the aims of the this project will be to draw a critical analysis regarding the differences between the conventional view of the learning process and the learning processes and strategies that are based in other regions of the world, particularly in the Asian part of the world including China. The purpose of the entire project is to avail information to foreign investors who intend to establish their business operations in my region and nation. This is believed to go a long way into helping managers develop an organizational learning strategy that will enable them incorporate the local staff and be able to establish a feasible business operation. Literature Review The Asian policy makers have been compelled to devise fresh development strategies following the severe economic downturn in the region. As a result of the reassessment, the focus has been redirected to the main Chinese based economies: Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. These economies are perceived to be more resilient as compared to their main export competitors such as Japan and South Korea (Dierkes, et al, 2003, p. 716). This resiliency is caused by the ability of the Chinese based firms to be corporately flexible and adaptable that enables them to put up with fluctuations in the market (Wolf, 2000, p. 8). Most Chinese firms are small and medium – sized. Scholars have been expressing their concerns with regard to whether these firms are competitive and innovative enough to deal with both social structural changes and economic downturn. For quite some time now, focus has been mainly aimed at the large firms rather than these small and medium sized ones (Dierkes, et al, 2003, p. 716). Characteristics, Learning Strategies and Processes The Chinese based firms that are found in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan have three main characteristics. First, the enterprises are small and medium in size (Yeung, et al, 2011, p. 34). They under the management and ownership of a single person, relatives or family. Second, their access to the key sources of advanced technology and markets of developed n
Introduction According to the background of the Affordable Care Act, this paper would analyze the effect of policy A that raises the age for which young adults could stay on their parent’s employer-sponsored health plan. Section 1 would review the background and young adults’ coverage of ACA. Thus, section 2 and section 3 would give some potential benefits and concerns of policy A, respectively. Finally, section 4 would analyze the effects of policy A based on experimental results, using descriptive statistics and the Difference-in-differences method. Coverages of ACA There are four main coverages in ACA legislation. Employer-Sponosred Coverage will be discussed in more detail below. Other coverages are through social programs, such as Medicaid, which is supported by the federal government. In this case, medical care is provided to people with incomes below the official poverty line. Finally, subsidized marketplaces can also provide coverage. Their responsibility extends to people with moderate income. Employer-sponsored health insurance and young adults in ACA Employer-sponsored health coverage refers to the health insurance for employee obtained by employer. In the U.S., it is normally Affordable Care Act that requires the employers insure their employee’s minimum essential health coverage with at least 50 full-time employees or full-time equivalents (Edward G., Craig A., Elonda C., & Emily M., 2010). Meanwhile, ACA also protects the minimum essential health coverage of employees’ family. Plans and issuers of plans could not remove adult children from their parents’ coverage until they reach the age of 26, whatever married or unmarried. Once the young adults reach 26 and age out of their parents’ coverage, they could choose to enroll in any other employer plan that they are eligible. Statistics Benefits From private perspective, policy A that raises the age for which young adults can stay on their parents’ employer-sponsored health plan from age 26 to age 27 might provide at least the following benefits:   * The young adults could have less concerns about the situation that they out of the minimum health coverage due to unemployment if graduating from school. Staying on their parents’ employer-sponsored health plan, they could obtain the required health coverage, even through they were not enrolled in the other employer hea