ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In Act One of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, the main character Willy Loman tells his wife Linda, “I’m well-liked in Hartford. You know, the trouble is Linda, people don’t seem to take to me” (Miller TBD). The self-contradiction implicit in this line demonstrates Miller’s masterful use of indirect characterization to divulge Willy Loman’s delusion, and ensuing nervous breakdown and suicide, over the course of the play. It is the incremental revelation of delusion through self-contradiction that creates the magnetism of this character, Willy Loman, a tragic protagonist that continues to enthrall, despite the passage of over half a century. Miller does not make the reader immediately aware of Willy Loman’s mental and emotional frailty. In the initial scenes, Willy comes across as absent-minded and slightly bumbling, but relatively stable. Small clues peppered throughout Act One however tell us Willy no longer listens to himself, nor to anyone else, and has completely severed his connection with reality. These clues begin innocently, as in Willy’s self-contradiction on page TBD: WILLY: Biff is a lazy bum!… LINDA: I don’t know. I think he’s still lost, Willy. I think he’s very lost. WILLY: Biff Loman is lost. In the greatest country in the world a young man with such–personal attractiveness, gets lost. And such a hard worker. There’s one thing about Biff–he’s not lazy. (Miller TBD) Again, on page TBD, Willy’s self-contradiction appears in the line “Chevrolet, Linda is the greatest car ever built,” followed by “That goddam Chevrolet, they ought to prohibit the manufacture of that car!” a few pages later (Miller TBD). Innocuous self-contradictions such as these escalate to full-fledged disassociation as the play progresses. Willy’s delusion becomes harder to suppress. Cocooned at home with his devoted wife Linda, who supports his delusion, Willy feels very little interference from the outside world. But having both grown sons Biff and Happy at home places pressure on his fictionalized account of their youth, as Biff’s line – “we never told the truth for ten minutes in this house” – epitomizes (Miller TBD). Nevertheless, Willy dismisses his wife’s adoration and seeks instead the respect of his sons – an impossible goal. When Biff and Happy abandon Willy in the restaurant, his self-contradiction can no longer shield him from reality – his sons think he is a joke, and he’s dead broke. We receive a chilling glimpse into the totality of Willy’s disassociation from reality on page TBD with the lines spoken to his dead brother Ben: Ben, that funeral will be massive! They’ll come from Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire! All the old-timers with the strange license plates — that boy will be thunderstruck, Ben, because he never realized — I am known! Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey — I am known, Ben, and he’ll see it with his eyes once and for all (Miller TBD). Death of a Salesman maintains its relevance and appeal, as the popularity of recent productions attests [1]. This is due, in part, to Miller’s conscious use of indirect characterization for full tragic effect. To see a man lie to himself for a lifetime, only to come
Introduction Discussion on abortion and menstrual health remains one of the most uncomfortable topics in modern society. The lack of resources and education has solidified the stigma about these aspects of sexual health. As a result, there is a lack of education, resources, and facilities available to those who menstruate or undergo abortions. To break the taboo of the subjects, productive discussion and progressive education on these topics must consider their cultural and societal context. Lack of Resources Effect on Society’s Views Menstruation and abortion have been designated taboo subjects by their poor coverage in sex education, unfavorable policies, and biased depiction in media. As a result, any improvements in this area are faced with opposition. Thus, to increase the accessibility of material and educational resources, the history of the problem and its socio-cultural context must be carefully considered. History of Sex Education in the U.S. Education on sexual health has changed due to alterations in funding and federal and state legislation. Birth control education was included in sex education (SE) programs only in 1966. The Adolescent Family Life Act, promoting abstinence, was an influential determinant of SE supported by federal funding from 1981 to 2010. Meanwhile, many leading health organizations endorsed comprehensive SE, including menstruation and abortion (Rabbitte & Enriquez, 2019). Still, federal funding remains a powerful motivation, leading to many schools implementing abstinence-focused programs instead of comprehensive SE. The Effect of Policy and Education on Society Sex education, policy, and media form the socio-cultural context, directly affecting how people experience menstruation and unwanted pregnancy. Notably, the stigmatization of menstruation leads to particular behaviors in affected people, forcing them to conceal their menstrual or pregnancy status and increasing the mental burden of those states (Barrington et al., 2021). Limited resources, menstrual materials, and access to facilities are often a result of the lack of policy dedicated to the sexual health of individuals. While these factors primarily concern cis-women, they also affect non-binary and trans-men. The disproportional influence of policies on the low-income population must also be noted (Barrington et al., 2021). Less Taboo to Speak About While SE is not single-handedly responsible for the stigmatization of menstruation and abortion, it could be a powerful tool to alleviate the stigma. One of the most potent steps would be to include in the conversation people who do not have to experience menstruation or abortion personally. Further, the societal attitude can be improved by better representation of these topics in media and equity-promoting legislation. Literature Review Depiction in Media Social views on menstruation and abortion are shaped mainly by depictions of these topics in media, particularly in movies and TV
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has dominated the business milieu in the last couple of years. This is supported by the fact that almost all the Fortune 500 companies have well-spelt CSR initiatives while an increasing number of companies are taking up the challenge. While CSR is denounced as a means of corporate show-off, many companies are apparently unwilling on the disclosure of their CSR endeavors. While some companies choose to follow a public proclamation of their CSR involvement via advertisements, a good deal of others opt to depend on an inward reporting or even website information meant for NGOS or distinct stakeholder parties (Locker & Kienzler, 2009). The differences in the kind of approach a company adopts in the handling of its CSR communication is due to an apparent sensitivity of the CSR topic, as well as company ambiguity and inadequate knowledge about its risks and potential (Ihlen, et al., 2009). The weighty question arises on what makes CSR communication such a sensitive issue, despite the increasing interest in corporate conduct that can be observed among the public. Corporate Social Responsibility has been and is a controversial issue. It is considered a corporate fad introduced in the 1990s to act as a cosmetic treatment. The overall recognition of its importance today and in the future has reduced the number of its critic (Ihlen, et al., 2009). The debate now has shifted to how CSR is backbone remedy in business strategy. Despite a trend, of increased CSR practices, a concise strategy for its successful implementation has not yet been established. This is attributed to the complexity of the matter owing to the myriad of options, as well as a multifaceted implementation scheme. In fact, activities on CSR entail a wide range of issues linked to the society, corporate governance, diversity, employee relations, environment, human rights, as well as product and controversial business issues. While some firms target the CSR complexity through a wide range of initiatives, a narrow definition of a cause is also beneficial in order to reap from the initiatives in terms of differentiation as a competitive advantage (Ihlen, et al., 2009). There are many reasons as to why companies engage in CSR. One of the main reasons is that, in many of the new venues to open to multinational corporations, the need for social and economic improvement is immense and demanding. A company that fails to take up the challenge and act in response to tho
Non-Aerial Incomes While the areas of income based on traditional aerial activities are fixed for all of the airports around the world, the employment of non-aeronautical sources of revenue allows the authorities of the airports to demonstrate creativity concerning fields of investment. This way, the targeted groups of consumers now include individuals beyond passengers. As a result, the number of branches of income increases and provides the airports with more funds. Therefore, airports become highly profitable facilities with the reduced dependence on aerial revenues and lower risk of bankruptcy. Nowadays, the most advanced airports manage to obtain close to half of their total revenue from non-aeronautical spheres (2013 ACI-NA Concessions Benchmarking Survey Results for CY2012, 2013). The main streams of non-aeronautical incomes at the contemporary airports come from such services as parking, ground transportations and car rent, restaurant and hotel business, duty free and retail, and a number of other services (2013 ACI-NA Concessions Benchmarking Survey Results for CY2012, 2013). For example, airports may build gold courts or concert halls on their land. To promote their services in the contemporary highly technological and connected world airports start to launch their own websites, forums, and mobile applications, which make the facilities easier to locate and navigate for the customers. Airports constantly communicate with their customers and collect data concerning client satisfaction and service performance, conducting surveys and addressing existing issues. Hong Kong International Airport When it comes to the determinants responsible for the revenues coming from non-aerial spheres, there are three main factors that impact them. They are the size of the facility and its land, the kinds of passengers that use the services of the airport, and the inside planning of the airport in relation to the placement of stores and cafes (Chawla, 2014). Hong Kong International Airport’s authorities are focused on the increase of its revenues based on a variety of services. For example, in the video it is said that the airport offers the best delicacies from all around the world and the latest technological products, which means that the leaders of the airport constantly improve its retail and food and beverage spheres of income to attract more buyers (Hong Kong International Airport Master Pan 2030, 2011). Besides, this airport is international, which means that it attracts large number of passengers; and vacation travelers and tourists are known to be better spenders (Chawla, 2014). Conclusion The majority of advanced international airports all around the world are expanding the numbers of their sources of income by means of introducing additio
Outline  1. Introduction.  2. General research questions and hypotheses  1. The goals of the paper;  2. Historical background;  3. Taking a detached view.  1. Specific research question: civilian death toll.  2. Conclusion. Introduction The uneasy situation in the Middle East constantly attracts the attention of World Community. The war actions of Israel in Lebanon in the year 2006 bore a spontaneous character and made great tension in International relations in the world and in that area, particularly. The reasons of war then were related to some dangerous groups of people which represented a menace for peaceful development of relationships in the Middle East. General research questions and hypotheses The goals of the paper The topic is related to work out the reasons for war and the participation of Lebanese and Israeli troops in dampening the conflict. Also the work of secret service of Israel “Masada” is touched upon in accordance with Hezbollah’s actions. Historical background Since the creation of the Israel in 1948 the country began providing its internal and external policy. It could not but be reflected on the neighboring countries with negative effects. In other words, the Arabic countries of Middle East frequently invoke conflicts with Israel. In 1968 it was concerned with counterattacks of Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) on the southern borders of Israel. Lebanon took straightforward part in sponsorship of Fatah brigade in 1971 until 1980s when Israel several times tried to expel PLO by means of military forces. It concerned also so-called South Lebanon Army (SLA). The struggle was growing year by year when Israeli forces were in Lebanon. The activity of Hezbollah increased until 2000 when Israel withdrew its forces out of Lebanon (Mordechai Bar-On, 2006, 205). In 2006 the situation drew to a head when Hezbollah launched rockets to Israel and began war not only by air but also provided land operations killing, injuring, and capturing Israeli soldiers and peaceful population (Reinharz, Rabinovich, 2008, 551-553). ‘Operation Truthful Promise’, as it was declared by Hezbollah, was blamed
Learning from the existing landscape is a way of being radical for an architect. The word ‘radical’ is appropriate to describe the available information from the architects’ perspective. Being radical can lead an architect to far reaching goals because a radical architect will always think beyond the usual course followed by the customary architects. A radical architect will try to bring about fundamental alterations to the existing system rather than inventing a new one that is not proved or tested. Being radical will mean that the architect, while understanding the basics of the norms of architecture, will try to amend and improve upon them and will always uphold the societal values in his/her designs. Architects should be open to creating designs as per the people’s taste, desire, and culture. It would be unprofessional on the part of architects to create designs that are targeted at achieving fame and financial gains (Venturi 1977). In today’s scenario, architects have a preference for changing the outlook of any particular environment. On the contrary, a radical architect would incorporate certain improvements in the existing environment to blend it with the requirement of the people. The author talks about ‘architecture as space’. It was the vision of a radical architect who transferred the idea of the Roman piazza into a modern coffee shop with a designated space for parking. The Roman piazza had a sophisticated blending of the interior (meant for private use) and the exterior (meant for public use). Likewise the Roman piazza modern coffee shops, shopping malls, casinos, etc. have private interiors that are meant for customers and the exterior space can be used by the public for parking purpose. The author also talks about Modernism. Modernism in architecture involves radical changes that are clearly visible in the designs. The huge expanses of luxury villas and skyscrapers are appropriate examples of Modernism. Even the layout of cities has been changed to give them a better and organized look. Radical architects have brought about appreciable changes to the cities’ skylines. In the modern times, the definition of architecture has been changed. Now-a-days, architecture is not only about designing the structures and their layouts but it also includes the painting patterns and graphical display of various things. Even at the marketplaces we see the shops covered with advertisements and displays. All this is a result of Modernism that has been possible due to the radical approach adopted by modern architects. It’s true that the assimilation of art and architecture has always been appreciated but that doesn’
Factors that Impact the Industry This is an analysis evaluating the Ford Motor Company (FMC) for a period of over five years. The company is established on the automotive industry providing services in designing, developing, manufacturing, marketing, and selling motor vehicles. It brings a lot of revenues, which make it one of the world’s most important economic sectors. According to Finch (2012), the PESTEL analysis is a model used in industry forecasting to scan the external industry environment. It is an acronym for a set of six comprehensive factors, which include the legal, environmental, social, technological, political, and economic factors often seen as the sources of opportunities or threats in SWOT analysis (Finch, 2012, p. 78). Political factors are extrinsic environmental variables that demonstrate how the involvement of the government influences the overall competitive market or an individual company through trade restrictions, employment regulations, tax-related policies, and statutory laws on consumer protection which can favor the company, delay its growth over the first few years, or make it collapse at once. The political stability and government efficiency in providing safe and fair markets vary extensively between countries. Economic factors entail such characteristics as the condition and health of the prevailing economy in which the market of interest exists. Some variables with a significant impact at the market-product level in decision making include inflation, interest rates, the unemployment level, consumer confidence, gross domestic product, discretionary income, and the rate of currency exchange. Interest rates have a particular importance to the companies pursuing growth opportunities since the expense of direct money borrowing affects a company’s ability to expand. Other economic factors affect the ability of a consumer to afford the product on sale making the economic stability a major determinant of the company’s growth. Social factors classify customer’s features into two essential classes namely culture and demographics, which present a major concern (Finch, 2012, p. 80). Culture contains the societal beliefs, attitude, and values whereas the study of population (demographics) gives a statistical description of the community’s characteristics expressed by location, age and employment. The interaction between marketing and culture is reciprocal. Therefore, the marketing communications utilize cultural meanings by transferring them to their products in order to attract customers who hold these values. As a result, the icons and symbols e
Introduction Tom Wolfe, the author of the book “The Right Stuff” is known as a writer who possesses an ability of creating pictures with words. He creates situations and characters, some of which are so real that it seems like you are sitting in one room with them. The book “The Right Stuff” is about pilots who participate in the U.S. postwar experiments. Writing this book Tom Wolfe was led by the desire to find out why the astronauts being perfectly aware of the danger of the space flight still decided to accept it. “The Right Stuff” teaches us a lot and tells us about things we might have never known before: “No woman is supposed to deliver the final news, and certainly not on the telephone” (Tom Wolfe, 2). And what is the most important and precious in “The Right Stuff” is that throughout the book the author tries to explain the concept of the “right stuff”. The “right stuff’ is the necessary or ideal qualities such as courage, self-confidence, toughness and knowledge, needed for success in a given field or situation. In the case with the book by Tom Wolf the “right stuff” is set of physical and mental characteristics required by the job of a test pilot, it is a so-called virtue each of the pilots must have for the necessary fulfillment of the operations. This is a set of qualities which a real man is supposed to have; it is something that draws an invisible separation line between a boy and a man. No one needs boys on board the space ship. Only the presence of real men ready to meet danger face-to-face, knowing how to cope with any problem, ready to sacrifice their own life for the sake of their country can convince the crew that the flight even as dangerous as this one is worth taking. Main body One of the first necessary qualities to mention will be courage. Cowards have nothing to do on board the space ship where the pilots face danger every minute and risk their lives for the sake of their county: “… and the man’s superiors knew that the engine hadn’t just flamed out, but every unofficial impulse on the base seemed to be saying: “Hell, we wouldn’t give you a nickel for a pilot who hasn’t done some crazy rat-racing like that. It’s all part of the right stuff….” (Tom Wolfe, 23). Another quality essential to any pilot is the feeling of self-confidence which means that he must be a hundred percent sure in what he does and hold his ground once he started doing something: “His faith in what was right was part of his righteous stuff” (Tom Wolfe, 138). To some extent, he should possess a “feeling of superiority, appropriate to him and to his kind, lone bearers of the right stuff” (Tom Wolfe, 29). One more characteristic of the “right stuff” is the readiness to perform your destined function, in other words, your being operational: “This word, operational, was a holy word to Slayton. He was the King of Operational. Operational referred to action, the real thing, piloting, the right stuff.” (Tom Wolfe, 294). And the final quality which a member of the “right stuff’ should possess is patriotism, devotion to his country and doing everything for the people of his country to be proud of him: “Now they had the one thing that had bee