ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Fast Facts   * Title of the work of art: Kouros   * Name of the artist: Produced in Ancient Greece or modern forgery   * Date of the work of art: about 530 B.C., or modern forgery   * Medium/material/technique: marble, unique carving, and claw chisel,   * Dimensions: The size can be estimated as being as tall as human   * Condition: good condition with minimum damage Analysis Firstly, the description, which is based on personal observations, should be provided. As for the size, the figure remains rather tall and massive in a standing position with the arms hanging down. The texture of the statue is rather smooth. Moreover, the muscles and the particular body parts are firmly emphasized with the assistance of the firm lines. Additionally, it can be seen that special attention is paid to the details of the head such as the texture of the hair. The face is also portrayed, but the eyes are not pictured in detail. As for the formal elements, they were partly described in the previous paragraph. Nonetheless, certain features have to be added. The outline and position of the whole body remain firm. However, the firm lines are used to describe the muscles. Particular attention is paid to the portrayal of the muscles and head, as they are the primary attributes of the Greek culture. As it was mentioned earlier, the texture is smooth. However, some of the damages can be noticed. Furthermore, the ability of the sculptor to use different levels of depth to emphasize the particular features contributes to the game of shadows and the light. This matter assists in the emphasis on the significant elements of the piece of art. Furthermore, the subject of the work of art has to be described to understand the intention of the formation of the statue. Firstly, it has to be mentioned that Kouros implies the portrayal of young boys or adolescents (Pache 72). In this instance, this sculpture reflects the standard features, which were used to characterize the young males in Ancient Greece. It is evident that the men were evaluated from the physical perspective, and the physical appearance served the role of personal identity (Sahaj 385). Additionally, it is evident that physical condition contributed to the development of the differentiation in the society in agreement with the physical attributes (Sahaj 385). In this instance, the sculptor emphasizes and underlines the aristocracy and elegance of the Greek males with the assistance of the portrayal of the body of the young man. Another subject, which is vehemently correlated to the personal outlook, is the dominating existence of sexuality in the Greek culture (Lloyd and Calame 200). This feature is reflected in the nudity of the portrayal of the young boy. In turn, the original function of Kouros has to be determined to understand the original intention of the statue. The primary role of Kouros is to portray the household values on the cemetery and emphasize the achievements of the particular people (Freeman 189).
This paper studies malignant melanoma, one of the most dangerous types of cancer in the world. It discusses its pathology and epidemiology and presents information about its incidence. The paper addresses risk factors associated with the disease, including sun exposure, as well as host and environmental factors. It also studies the role of genetics and personal behavior in melanoma acquisition. Finally, the paper discusses the role of healthcare services and self-diagnosis in disease prevention and decreased mortality rates. Pathology and Epidemiology of Melanoma Melanoma is the most rapidly growing type of cancer in the world, as well as the fifth leading cancer in men and the seventh in women in America (Nikolaou & Stratigos, 2014). There has been an increase in melanoma incidents over the past several decades. In the US, the incidence of the disease has grown from approximately 8,5 cases per 100,000 population in 1975 to around 35 cases in 2010 (Berwick et al., 2016). There is a globally observed dramatic increase of incidents in the 60 and more years old age group (Nikolaou & Stratigos, 2014). The number of melanoma cases does not correspond with mortality rates, which have remained stable since the 1980s. The reason for it is the trend for an expanded skin screening and earlier detection of the disease at a potentially curable stage. The location of melanoma on human bodies varies and depends on their age and is usually truncal for young people and can be found on the necks or heads of older people. Nikolaou and Stratigos (2014) report that the highest incidence of the disease worldwide is presented in New Zealand and Australia, each having up to 60 newly diagnosed patients per 100,000 population annually. The male/female ratio differs among the countries, but the predominance of melanoma in men has been reported in countries with high disease incidence, including America. Most Northern and Western European countries, however, disclose a higher percentage of women having melanoma, while in Central Europe it prevails in men (Nikolaou & Stratigos, 2014). Both females and males should equally protect themselves from the disease. Risk Factors Sun Exposure There are several risk factors associated with the disease; the primary one is sun exposure. In America, Canada, Australia, and Nordic countries, the proportion of melanoma incidents related to sun exposure is more than 90%, and between 80% and 90% in the majority of European countries (Berwick et al., 2016). The authors report that an irregular pattern of sun exposure can raise the risk of the disease. Short periods of sunbathing and other outdoor activities damage the skin as it is not protected from the sun. Intermittent sun exposure is most dangerous for humans as there is no epithelial thickening and tanning effect on the skin. At the same time, chronic sun exposure can have an adverse influence on humans, but it shows a weak association with melanoma because the skin receives extr
Introduction The present work is aimed at exploring the collection of the Beaton Institute Archive and is divided into two parts. The first part examines the Abbass Studios Collection, which was deposited in the Beaton Institute Archive and represents the storage of photographs and graphic materials created by Abbass Studios Ltd. The collection was founded by the members of the Abbass family, who continue as owners of the business. Therefore, the first part of this study explores the Abbass Studios Ltd. fonds through the story of the family and close observation of the selected works that constitute the chronicle of Sydney and all of Cape Breton Island. The second part is dedicated to the First World War and the role of the island and its population during the conflict. The difference between the collection that shows Cape Breton during World War I and the Abbass Studios selections can be noted in the accumulative nature of the first. The First World War collection, with several contributors, offers records consisting of various materials such as printed, written, and graphic, while the Abbass Studios Fonds is exclusively represented by the medium of photography in the form of negatives and photographs. Biographical Information on the Abbass Studios Collector The founder of the collection is Abbass Studios Ltd., established by three brothers: George, John, and Anthony (Tony). The Abbass family immigrated to Cape Breton Island, Canada from Lebanon at the beginning of the twentieth century. Jobe Abbass, the father of the family, along with his wife Lilly, built a house on Townsend Street in Sydney, Nova Scotia. The household where the Abbass children grew up became the first headquarters of the family business (Beaton Institute, n.d., para. 1). The history of the Abbass Studios takes its roots from the brothers’ employment at Meyer’s Photography. George was the first of the brothers to start his apprenticeship at Meyer’s; after some time, Jo
Goldsmith, Arnold. The Contemporary American Urban Novel. Wayne State UP, 1991. Goldsmith examines various American novelists and the way these novelists present the American society. Goldsmith notes that these novelists have presented the conflicts that faced people as they encountered new ways. This book makes the reader understand the concerns that are raised in American literature. Gray, Richard. A History of American Literature. John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Gray gives the history of the literature of America, and he highlights the conflicts featured in this literature. A lot of American literature, according to Gray, arose form the cultural conflicts that Americans faced. Thus, cultural conflict is the root of most American literature. This theme is presented in the poetry of Whitman, Poe and many American authors. Lee, Harry. Edgar Allan Poe: An Illustrated Companion to His Tell-Tale Stories. Metro Books, 2008. Harry introduces the concerns of Poe’s literature, and he shows that Poe deals with the conflicts in the American society. The American society is made up of people from different cultures, and there are lots of cultural conflicts. However, Poe suggests that formation of an American culture will solve this problem. Passos, John. Manhattan Transfer. Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003. This novel is an expressionistic image of New York in the 1920s, and it reveals the lives of rich, power brokers and poor immigrants. Dos Passos records the lives of characters who are struggling to be a part of modernity before modernity destroys them. This novel gives the story of people who are struggling to fit in the new American society. People face a lot of challenges in this society. The novel also reflects themes of nationhood present in Whitman’s poetry. Reynolds, David. Walt Whitman’s America: A Cultural Biography. Vintage Books, 1995. This book is indispensable in studying Whitman’s work. It gives themes that are recurrent in Whitman’s work and explains their relevance to American people. The conflicts presented in this book are relevant in understanding the conflicts that faced America during cultural integration. Wharton, Edith. The Age of Innocence. Forgotten Books, 1948. This is the primary text from which this essay will be constructed. The book gives the raw material for the future paper. There is a conflict in this book, and people are getting in to foreign ways. People respect the American Society of the time, and the family is very important. However, some new w
Introduction The need to understand personal finance has gained popularity in recent times. This is due to the desire by many people to make informed decisions thus avoiding consequences occasioned by poor and untimely decisions on personal finance management. Garman and Forgue (2007, p.4) define personal finance as the area of study that deals with the management of financial resources at the individual and family level. Personal finance is involved in explaining the culture of saving, spending and investing observed in people and the reasons influencing these initiatives. According to Garman and Forgue (2007, p.4), areas covered in personal finance include the management of cash, investments, tax and risks associated with personal financial initiatives. Other areas include career advancement, budgeting process, retirement and estate management. There is the need to instill financial literacy and responsibility on the part of the individual and his/her family thus assisting in making of wise and informed decisions on finance management. Estate management and acquisition of homes are important things that every person must learn before committing their money in the process. In light of this, an in-depth assessment of the process of buying, renting and selling a home and the impact the knowledge on home buying has on an individual is worth of exploration. Analysis of the topic The process of acquiring a good home is lengthy and complex thus requiring a lot of patience and time. In order to have a good bargain, one must take into account the long-term implications before deciding to rent or buy a home. Garman and Forgue (2007, p. 260) noted that buying a home requires a clear understanding of the financial implications, up-front and monthly costs, the steps involved and the various ways of financing. The clear understanding of the above factors helps the individual to make an informed decision of whether to buy or rent a home. Many people find themselves in a dilemma before they make the final decision of buying or renting a home. The decision is mostly driven by preferences of what the buyer can afford to pay monthly towards the cost of rent or mortgage. It is less expensive to rent than buy in short term due to the reasonable cost of rent. However, analysts argue that renting is very expensive in the long term due to the amount lost on taxes and failure to benefit on appreciation of the homes. Buying allows an individual to benefit from income tax reduction caused by deductions of mortgage interest and property taxes. However, the tenants are better off when it comes to cash flow since they pay less monthly charges compared to the buyers (Walker, 1999; Garman and Forgue, 2007, p.231) Rented housing is usually associated with costs such as rent, damage and security deposit and related expenses accrued
Introduction Land is a vital factor of production since it offers the foundation for all other activities. This essay explores the moral and legal arguments about the removal of Native-Americans from the Mississippi strip. Background Red Indians were the initial land owners in this region and only welcome white Americans to settle close to them due to their generosity. The visitors were welcome and given land to settle and later started their families and became part of the local population. To date, the local population occupies most of Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Alabama and Virginia. Moral and Legal Arguments Opponents It is morally wrong to abuse ancestral land and relocating these people is not a wise move. All world communities have their ancestral lands that harbor their traditional and sacred places like shrines. Secondly, this community has lived here for many years and has known this place to be its home. Therefore, nobody should willingly or forcefully relocate them. Moreover, the people interested in relocating them have not exploited all other idle lands. These people have been guided by their policies and are not ready to change them. Lastly, land ownership is a legal process that must undergo scrutiny and investigations to identify land owners. Therefore, the Georgia state should respect the Indian communities’ right to land ownership. Proponents On the other hand, the attempts to relocate the Indian communities from this strip of land are an important undertaking. First, this community is largely pastoralists and only a handful practice peasant farming. These activities are unproductive since they have poor yields. Secondly, this community lacks a civilized way of life since they use traditional methods to keep animals and produce crops. They use crude tools like buffalo shoulder plates to plough their lands. In addition, they are largely pastoral and this means they keep moving from place to place. Therefore, relocating them will help in making them live civilized lives where modern technology is used in various activities. Thirdly, this community occupies a large track of land covered by forests. They indulge in activities that interfere with natural wildlife. This should be avoided to ensure natural forests are protected against exploitation by human beings. Tourism can thrive in this region since there are wild animals and indigenous vegetation. Lastly, all human beings are entitled to proper health, access to education, proper diet and protection against criminals and wild animals. This community subjects young children to harsh conditions (extreme cold, rain and night insects) making them susceptible to infections. The government has a responsibility of protecting the lives of its citizens and should do all that is within its powers to safeguard human life. Opinion The attempt to relocate the Indian communities from the Mississippi strip is a welcome undertaking if only t
Confucianism components relevant for contemporary businesses emphasize building a strong relationship with trustworthy partners based on mutual benefit. Confucius pointed out the importance of personal qualities, such as benevolence and honesty, in their relation to proper ethical behavior. In frames of a business organization, Confucianism declares that moral principles should take precedence over benefit. The authors of the article briefly analyze contemporary Chinese business trends to find out whether Confucianism provided the basis for the country’s economic success. From one perspective, it is hard to declare that every Chinese organization shows exceptional ethical behavior or unique corporate social responsibility policies. The authors state that the understanding of Chinese management as a system built only on Confucianism is biased because “guanxi” (relationship) is not the crucial factor of Chinese achievements. However, researchers should not undermine Confucianism ideas: they impact Chinese paternalistic leadership and interpersonal relations. Paternalism with an emphasis on benevolence and authority was one of the aspects that contributed to the quick growth of businesses. In addition, Rowley and Oh refer to the work of Lau et al., “An examination of three-way interactions of paternalistic leadership in China.” The study shows that high authoritarianism management (authoritarianism with moral and benevolent leadership) usually provides better results than leadership based only on authoritarianism. Rowley and Oh go further in the investigation of Confucian paternalism in Chinese management and find out that business ethics could use the Confucian idea of “love.” That idea implicates a warm relationship between equals and unequal people, such as the love of father and son or brotherly love. Therefore, managers could be encouraged to use more emotion than logic in their practice. Initially, Confucius’ ideas had an aim to restore the powerful government, but nowadays, Confucianism also is one of the business ethics perspectives. Confucius emphasized the key role of strict hierarchy and high-toned leaders. Discussion of the article by Rowley and Oh gives the understanding that principles of Confucianism as business ethics manifested in paternalism with benevo
Arabic language happens to be one of the major languages of the world that has got very many existing varieties. In its study there may emerge diglossia, a situation whereby two languages find themselves being used by one language community at the same time (Al – Batal 286). Diglossia therefore in the Arabic context is a subject that needs to be given a keen eye. The subject of diglossia runs at all times alongside language and in its study it needs to be remembered that it can cause a lot of confusion and that is why it is the major subject that is dealt with in this study. In this proposed study, there are five chapters each of which is dealing with a particular issue in regard to the understanding of diglossia in the learning of Arabic as a foreign language. The main objective therefore is to establish the effects of diglossia in a context where confusion may arise due to one failing to draw the line between the many varieties of Arabic in one context, that is, Arabic for formal use and the colloquial one(Al – Batal 286). The introduction will contain background information, which is the subject under study. This entails the global developments under the area of study, then the regional perspective and then the specific area and context of study for instance in a foreign context. The statement of the problem should also be included; this is a summary of the problem to be investigated, that is, diglossia in the teaching of Arabic as a foreign language. The evidence of the problem is also included in the first chapter so as to show that that problem actually is in existence. Chapter two will contain the literature review which is an analysis of the existing literature relevant to the area under study which gives the researcher theoretical background of what has already been done by previous researchers. Besides providing insight of what has been done, the literature review is also important in guiding the researcher to make accurate interpretation of the subject under study because of the broad understanding of the subject. The literature review is a demonstration that the researcher has done a broad comparison of the existing literature in order to address the loop holes that could be present. It also exposes the gaps in the area of study which can then be addressed subsequently in conducting the study. The third chapter will contain the research methodology to be used and in this regard, survey. This is a methodology that allows a researcher to collect data through questionnaires and interviews. It also provides one with an opportunity to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Data so obtained is analyzed and interpreted to give the expected results as to what extent the study of Arabic as a foreign language been affected by diglossia. More information can also be obtained through a desk review of the existing literature. When this is combined with the descriptive approach provides a broad perspective and understanding. Therefore one can easily draw a relia
On the whole, marketing research can be defined as the use of various qualitative and quantitative methods in order to derive relevant information about certain marketing phenomena such as the demand for certain products or services (Zikmund & Babin, 2010, p. 5). This is one of the ways in which this notion can be described. Nevertheless, one should take into consideration that there are many other definitions of this term. It is important to understand the difference between pure and applied marketing research. The first one is aimed at testing or elaborating existing theories or concepts that describe the behavior of potential clients or competitors (Belk, 2007). In other words, such studies are not supposed to serve the interests of a certain organization (MacDaniel, 1998, p. 9). For instance, researchers may try to examine the factors that affect purchasing decisions of consumers. Moreover, they can investigate how buyers evaluate products that are available to them. In turn, applied research is supposed to serve the needs of a particular organization that operates in a certain market (MacDaniel, 1998, p. 9). This is one of the distinctions that should be considered. However, one should take into account that the distinctions between applied and pure research are not always clear. In many cases, theoretical studies can be used for the development of practical guidelines that companies often follow. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward. One can say that applied research is most likely to be used in sports because in this case, it should serve the practical purposes of companies. As a rule, these organizations prefer to conduct empirical studies which can throw light on the preferences of clients or the strategies that can be adopted by other firms. They can carry out both qualitative and quantitative research in order to derive relevant information. For instance, one can mention the use of such methods as surveys, interviews, focus groups, and so forth. It is possible to argue that the stages of the research process are consistent with the principles of the scientific method. The main principle that marketing professionals should consider is that empirical evidence should be the basis of theories, models, or recommendations. Facts should not be distorted or misinterpreted so that they could fit theoretical assumptions. Such an approach is completely unacceptable for any study that is aimed at examining the behavior of clients. The collection and analysis of data are the most critical steps that a marketing manager should undertake (Zikmund Babin, 2010, p.58). Certainly, marketing research can test a certain conjecture or a hypothesis, but it has to be tested against empirical evidence. Therefore, marketing research should also meet the standards that are set for scientific studies. Additionally