ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: A Touching Device as a Perfect Means of Security There can be no possible doubts that touch detection device s have become quite popular over the past few years. A true breakthrough in the sphere of science, they mean that the art of taking prints have developed to a new quality level, and that the security has become tighter than ever, which opens a whole new range of possibilities. Taking a closer look at the issue, one can find certain problems, though. The Research Question: Putting Your Finger on It Despite the fact that the solution for the problem of hiding access to important data seems solved so far, the question whether the system is efficient enough rises. Indeed, compared to the typical procedure of fingerprint taking, the electronic identification of the fingerprints can presuppose dealing with certain complexities. For instance, a scratch on the finger can cause the access denial and, vice versa, creating a 3D copy of the finger pattern can help a thief steal the information. Literature Review: Everything One Ever Needed to Know about Touch Detection For the given research, the data concerning both the devices and the way sensory detection in human body works have been collected. Chen, Y.-L., et al. (2011). Vision-based finger detection, tracking and event identification techniques for multi-touch sensing and display systems. Sensors , 11, 6868-6892. The paper allows to understand the way in which the touch detection device technique works. Offering technical details, it makes a perfect source from checking the possibilities of a system failing. Dember, W. (1990). William James on sensation and perception. Psychological Science, 1( 3), 163-166. Making the readers consider the issue form a biological standpoint, Dember helps to compare the process of biological recognition to the digital one. Johansson, R. S., & Vallbo, A. B. (1979). Detection of tactile stimuli. Threshold of afferent units related to psychophysical thresholds in the human hand. Journal of Physiology , 297, 405-422. Another perspective on the biological aspect of the problem, the article allows to research the limits of a human perception and sensation. Theoretical Framework: A Solid Backup for
The United States and Europe have different historical formations. While the history of Europe is characterized by imperialism and the desire of the rich to dominate the poor, the history of the United States is characterized by racial segregation and discrimination. Before the American Revolution which culminated into American independence from Great Britain, the Americans were literally united against one enemy; the colonizer. However, after independence, very sharp divisions emerged between the white Americans and the non white Americans especially the black and Asian Americans. Racial discrimination was the order of the day and was propagated in various institutions such as schools, churches, and hotels and even in the transport sector. In 1960s, the blacks under the influence of Martin Luther King staged what they termed as a resistance of white racial discrimination. This was the onset of many civil rights movements which emerged spontaneously to agitate for various rights and resist racial segregation on various grounds. By 1960s, Americans were considering themselves not only as civilized but also as mature enough to be a liberal society and this made the non whites come out to stand for their rights once and for all. In fact, they considered the civil rights movement as a second liberation. The difference between the civil rights movements and the revolution war which led to American independence was that the civil rights movements were largely peaceful even though some got out of control and turned violent. One of the famous civil rights movements was the bus boycott, which saw the blacks walk to work for many days to resist racial segregation in the transport sector (Morris 18) The civil rights movements spread to Europe but took a different form. While the American civil rights movements were mainly against racial segregation, those in Europe were against class and gender segregation.The civil rights movements coincided with the feminist movement in Europe, which was primarily formed to defend the rights of women and the minority groups in Europe. Before the emergence of feminism, women were denied some basic rights such as the right to vote, the right to decide when to have children and also the right to own property. The civil rights movements in Europe therefore aimed at attaining equality between men and women and do away with social classes which had threatened to cause a revolution. The gap between the rich and the poor and also widened tremendous
In a democratic nation, power can easily be transferred from one party to the other amicably through voting. The power of ruling and governance, therefore, comes from the electorates. The residents of nations that are lucky to exercise this kind of democracy have great advantages over others in nations governed by other forms of governance. A government that has been elected through a democratic process allows for other aspiring governments to try their luck at leadership upon the completion of their term in office (Manali par. 5). Democracy also gives people a sense of participation in their governance. They have the feeling that they are recognized as citizens of the nation and that their voice and opinions matter (Government of Sweden par. 2). The challenge to the leaders, therefore, is to provide good leadership and governance to reciprocate the good work of the voters. Leaders should be held politically accountable for their actions. Moreover, in a democratic culture, gender equality, as well as respect and tolerance for all individuals and groups, are exercised. There are also functioning political parties, independent media, and active Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as well as private institutions which operate freely. Arising differences and conflicts are also dealt with peacefully. On the other hand, democracy is not always a success and its lack does not imply the failure of a nation. Countries such as Iran who do not practice democracy are still governed well. They are even much better than countries which practice democracy since the citizens of such countries may not be well aware of the political scenarios in their countries hence they may end up making the wrong choices during elections. According to Manali, the fact that a democratic system of government allows for the conduction of elections after a constitutionally stipulated period could imply that the incumbent government emphasizes more on short-term goals, at the expense of long-term objectives that would serve the interest of the electorate. Walter Williams, in response to the call of President Bush for Iraq to become a democracy, says, “I can’t think of a worse place to have democracy. Iraq needs a republic… [With] decentralized and limited government power… in Iraq if a majority-rule democracy emerges, given the longstanding hate and mistrust among ethnic/religious groups, it’s a re
History knows many statesmen who have become the victims of their own political activities, the victims of power. Abraham Lincoln is one of them. There are a lot of movies which attempt to show President Lincoln and the story of his life and work. Such movies as Young Mr. Lincoln (1939) and Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940) deserve attention, however, Steven Spielberg’s Lincoln (2012) starring Daniel Day-Lewis is a masterpiece. This movie is positioned as a one for people and about people. It is a model of American democracy even though the movie shows dirty side of political life. Lincoln is a good demonstration of the fact that morality and politics are two uncombined issues. One of the main focuses of the movie is the process of adoption of the 13 th Amendment of the Constitution devoted to the abolishment of slavery. Even though the methods used while the process do not always deserve pride, the entire adoption process is a good example of successful political technique of the early American democracy. The movie is based on the book Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln . Speaking of the role of the President in the movie, it should be stated that the director managed to show Lincoln as he is seen by the American people, a person who managed to realize American dream. Originated from a poor family, Lincoln worked hard to achieve prosperity, wealthy and power. The background action in the movie is a Civil War. It is obligatory for Lincoln to sign up the Amendment up to the end of the Civil War in order to make sure that already freed slaved are not going to be enslaved one more time. A film director seems to create a parallel between a struggle for voices in congress and a struggle at the battlefields. Each time the discussion is shown in the parliament, each remembers the episodes from the battlefields and vice versa. All the events in the movie are interconnected. Steven Spielberg has always been a master of movies creation and he has proven it one more time. One more particular side of the movie is about Vampires. The theme of Vampires has become interesting for people recently, but Lincoln is not about love and other tender relationships. It is not about revenge or other emotions. Fighting with Vampires, Lincoln wants to protect his family, he tries to make sure that he and those who he loves are going to be safe. This particular desire to make the country safe for its citizens is delivered in the politics. Speaking about the perceptional side of the film, it should be stated that from the very beginning and up t
Qualitative and Quantitative Qualitative research is an inquisition method used in different disciplines with an aim of gaining an in-depth understanding of research tool. On the other hand, quantitative research is an investigative method used to establish mathematical models, hypothesis and /or theories that links a phenomenon. While qualitative research aims at obtaining a deeper understanding of a phenomenon, quantitative research focuses on its empirical observations. For instance, quantitative research focuses on the numbers and their interrelation by trying to establish theories and models based on the fact-findings. this is not the same with qualitative research, which focuses on establishing why such facts exist. It is however important to note that both research methods use fact –findings from the field, although in different ways. Qualitative research usually approach data by observation and interpretation while quantitative research measure the data and test (McBride & Schostak, 2008, p. 1). Why exploratory research designs rely on qualitative research This happens because in qualitative research, researchers do not try to manipulate variables to fit some models and theories they have in mind, rather, it gives the meaning as it comes from the sources. This property is very important in exploratory research since it is aimed at getting a deeper understanding of the trends, which are truthful. Furthermore, exploratory research tries to establish problems as well as their potential causes. To achieve this, variable manipulation, as is done in quantitative research becomes irrelevant. Exploratory research also endeavors to establish the direction of a program and tries to clarify its concepts; this cannot be easily accomplished in quantitative research as they concern most with empirical properties (Tripati, 2008, p. 1). Why Causal designs rely on Quantitative research Causal research is always aimed at establishing the relationship or connection that lies between results and the cause. To do this effectively, they need to find a way that would help them achieve connection. This is why qualitative research is preferred to qualitative; moreover, quantitative research provides causal design with empirical phenomena. The measurements obtained can be used to establish a connection between the cause and results or effects of the study. This would not be easy to do with qualitative research since they only deal with observation and interpretations. Causal designs require data that have been measured in quantitative research and can use them on different models to establish their theories (Shields & Hassan, 2006, p. 1). The four basic orientation of qualitative research These include phenomenology, grounded theory, case studies and ethnography. These orientations of qualitative research differ mainly due to their field s of origination and application. For instance, case studies
The full quote by Varlam Shalamov is the following: “A human being survives by his ability to forget. Memory is always ready to blot out the bad and retain only the good.” In this statement, Shalamov noticed that it is typical for human beings to hold on to the good memories even in the midst of negative experiences. Knowing the biography of the author, it is possible to conclude that he spoke from relevant experience. In total, Shalamov spent about twenty years of his life as a prisoner in Soviet labor camps, exposed to the worst treatment that dehumanized the imprisoned individuals and reduced them to conditions very similar to those Private Tamura goes through in Fires on the Plain (“Varlam Shalamov” par. 3). Many other writers have noticed that the events Shalamov described in his stories about prison-camps are shockingly realistic; the author had the unique capacity to share his experiences from the past with the readers in an intuitive manner that could make anyone feel the heavy, helpless, and bitter life Shalamov was forced to lead for decades (Power par. 4). In that way, the author, of all people, had the experience of analyzing his memories and finding out how they worked. Therefore, his observation that the ability to forget is what helps people recover from the most painful experiences can be considered as valid and reliable. At the same time, remembering Rivers’ patients from Pat Barker’s Regeneration , one may make the opposite observation. The soldiers sent to therapists such as Rivers and Yealland in Regeneration had one problem in common—they were unable to forget the traumatic and frightening experiences that had affected them in the past. One may conclude that forgetting pain is not a natural ability of humans because in many cases, the people who have gone through negative experiences tend to fixate on them and bring their painful past into their future, letting it affect their decisions and reactions. Soldiers who have been traumatized by the horrors of wars are not the only example. A demonstration of the same phenomenon in everyday life can be found among all the people who have been hurt by their loved ones—relationship partners, for example. Such individuals tend to hold on to the pains of the past, carrying them along into new relationships as fears, warnings, and limitations. In most cases, their fixation on negative past experiences may produce an adverse influence on their present and future. This occurrence could be used as an argument against the statement made by Shalamov. To refute this argument, one may notice that the fixations of the people who have had negative experiences in personal relationships, or those of the soldiers suffering from the painful memories of the war, are usually seen in psychology as problems that require treatment, especially in the cases when their response to their memories begin to interfere with the everyday lives of the affected individuals (disrupting their careers, ruining relationships with partners and family members, and causing social isolation). In other words, being unable to forget the negative experie
Introduction Sociotechnical system is one of the performance-oriented systems that are commonly used by many organizations. The term “sociotechnical system” has been derived from the field of organizational development with the prime objective of improving performance in diverse institutions. Furthermore, the term ‘sociotechnical system’ was coined during the industrial era that saw the emergence of an interdependency of the technical and social aspect of organizational development (Mate & Silvia, 2005). The concept of the sociotechnical system is gaining acceptance since it emphasizes on building a strong relationship between individuals and machines. Similarly, the system has been developed to facilitate effective coordination of activities in institutions. It enables effective coordination of various tasks by ensuring that the input of human beings and machines does not contradict in terms of efficiency (Mate & Silvia, 2005). People are regarded to be at the center of the socio-technical system as they apply their useful knowledge in the integration of organizational components. This paper gives comprehensive information about sociotechnical system with focus on how it facilitates organizational development. The significance of sociotechnical Sociotechnical system plays a prime role in organizational development as it ensures that the workers are aware and well acknowledged about the introduced technologies within the organization. The system ensures that the psychological and social needs of the workers are recognized when introducing new technologies. It is for this reason that the employees become motivated into giving out stellar performance as they become more professionals when installing and operating the new machines and technologies. The aspect ultimately leads to the continuous remarkable growth and development of the organization. Furthermore, the system provides requisite performance incentives that help organizations to deal with the emerging issues in the current changing business environment. The system is also instrumental in the advancement of organizations in terms of profitability, structurally and quality service delivery (Mate & Silvia, 2005). How sociotechnical system pertains to organizational development The sociotechnical system has proved to be a valuable parcel especially in the software and systems engineering especially with the advent of a multitude of high-tech industries. The system’s approach is devoted to the effective blending of both the technical and social systems that fosters organizational development (In Borrás, S & In Edler, 2014)).
Scholasticism was a common philosophical movement in the medieval period. After the medieval period, scholars of theology adopted and used it more than other philosophers. As a result, many people associate the scholastic method with theology. This method mostly uses dialectics in solving disagreements between philosophers who hold different views on a topic. Dialectics mainly involves arguments and counter-arguments. Major tenets of scholasticism include the approval of Catholicism, acknowledgment of Aristotle’s ideas, recognition of revealed and natural theology, and dialectics (McCool 3). This paper discusses how Aquinas demonstrates the existence of God using the scholastic method in his article Summa Theologiae . The first element of Scholasticism in Aquinas’s work is his style of presenting arguments. He sticks to the dialectic method from the beginning to the end of Summa Theologiae (Scholasticism par. 5). He introduces his arguments by posing questions that require reason. Then he presents two responses that contradict each other. After the contradicting replies, he uses syllogism, giving premises to support each of the responses before arriving at a conclusion. He also formulates his sub-topics in a skeptical manner. For example, one of the sub-topics is, “Whether God exists” (Aquinas 7). Such sub-topics make it easy for him to present his ideas. Aquin
The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) is a non-profit organization that assists individuals aged 50 years and older in augmenting the quality of life by assisting them in achieving financial freedom and in maintaining health (Bethell, 2007). The services of the AARP are available all around the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It currently serves approximately 38 million members in terms of health care provision and insurance services. The AARP is committed to providing guidance, information, advocacy, and service to its members for them to feel a positive social change as they grow older. The AARP Foundation is an associated charity institution that offers protection, security, and empowerment to the elderly through the assistance of its volunteers, donors, and sponsors. The AARP follows its health care model that aims to improve the quality and efficiency of health care assistance, to increase the accessibility to health care services for various populations, to increase the price and quality transparency, and to ascertain accountability for all services received. To achieve these goals, the AARP has linked with Aetna and United Healthcare, which improves both benefits and the marketing of the health insurance industry. The AARP is thus a strong organization, mainly due to the size of its membership, hence any linkage with other insurance companies can be maintained and even strengthened more. One policy of the AARP involves the improvement of the quality and efficiency of health care for its members (Barry and Basler, 2007). This policy feature is associated with routine measurement of the performance of its plans. It also encourages highly efficient health care options to its members, as well as the application of information technologies in keeping and maintaining patient health records. The use of prescribing medications electronically is also presented, which helps in keeping the patients safe from errors of drug consumption, as well as duplication of services, which are deemed to be wasteful in terms of money, time and effort. Such improvement may also advance the mode of access to health test results and other information. Another policy being promoted by the AARP involves the availability of health care services to varied populations at reasonable prices. Such featu