ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The pet food industry in the United States has not been impacted by the recession and shows continuous growth. As of 2016, the pet food market was valued at $24.60 billion (Zion Market Research, 2017). The market is expected to show a 3.36% growth until it reaches the $30.01 billion mark (Zion Market Research, 2017). This paper aims to analyze a pet food delivery business from a marketing strategy perspective. Analysis Target Market A recently published survey conducted by the American Pet Products Association has ranked Tampa, FL third on the association’s list of most pet-friendly cities (Bernardo, 2016). Neighboring St. Petersburg, FL, has been ranked seventieth on the list of one hundred cities, which suggests that the individual has made the right choice of location for conducting operations (Bernardo, 2016). To better understand the geographic segment, it is important to consider the fact that the Tampa/St. Petersburg area was included in the Forbes’ list of best places for conducting business (Forbes, n.d.). In terms of demographic characteristics, the median household income in the area is $49,426, slightly below the national average of $55,775 (Department of Numbers, n.d.). However, the majority of pet owners are Whites whose family income is $100,000 or more (American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012). Regarding the psychographic segment, it can be argued that the target market is comprised of empathetic people who are attached to their pets. Customer Retention Loyalty cards will become a key component in a customer retention program for the pet food delivery business. The company’s customers will be rewarded with exclusive discounts for their participation in a loyalty program. The program’s members will also earn reward dollars, which they will be able to use for repeat purchases. To gain customer loyalty, the company will need access to customer information, such as e-mail or physical mailing addresses. This information can be collected when customers decide to sign up for the program. Contact information will be used to provide customers with “updates on the status of accounts” as well as to “simplify reordering” (Inc, n.d., para. 7). After relationships with customers have been established, the company will provide the customers with information about new offers and discounts. By doing so, the pet food delivery business will explore cross-selling opportunities and retain its existing customer base. Needs To properly differentiate the products and services offered by the company, it is necessary to link them to the customers’ needs. Primary needs that will be satisfied by the pet food delivery products include, but are not limited to, quality, naturalness, and freshness. The secondary needs that will help the company’s customers to judge the primary needs are the delivered products’ color, texture, gluten content, and preservatives, among other factors. In terms of delivery, customers will look for the speed and quality of the company’s services. The analysis of these needs will help the company to find gaps in existing markets, wh
Policy change and advocacy represent an important part of nursing work. As healthcare professionals that work directly with individuals, and often represent a mediating force between a doctor and their patient, nurses become the primary actor of informed and evidence-based change in policy. This discussion will center on some examples of nursing advocates that have managed to bring changes to public policy. Firstly, the figure that can be seen as the founder of Nursing Advocacy as it is known today can be discussed. Florence Nightingale, an especially famous figure, often regarded as the founder of modern nursing. She has lead the effort of professionalizing nursing as an occupation, and brought up its importance in the eyes of the public. As mentioned before, she has also been the central figure behind starting political advocacy coming from nurses. The act of lobbying for the improvement of the conditions for soldiers in the Crimean War can be seen as the beginnings of modern patient-centered care and medical action (Eaton, 2018). While Nightingale’s lobby advocacy can be seen as a major step towards improving the wellness of patients, the modern-day nurses work in different ways. Nursing professionals of the modern age try perfecting the existing methods for treatment and patient assessment, while also introducing evidenc
Today, in the 21st century, the debate is ongoing about how the proliferation of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter is affecting users’ productive and cognitive capacities. Indeed, scholars agree that the escalating popularity of these sites among Internet users across the world necessitates an introspection of their shorter-term and longer-term effects on people as well as societies. The present paper attempts to illuminate time and purpose considerations in the personal use of social networking sites. Most Internet surfers use a considerable proportion of their time on social networking sites charting with strangers, who may be thousands of miles away and may not necessarily share their interests, values, or philosophy in life. At a personal level, anywhere between three and four hours of my productive time is spent either communicating with people through social networking sites or texting through my mobile device. The habit is addictive and hence extremely difficult to stop. At the surface, users of social networking sites buy into the idea that these platforms have an immense potential to fundamentally alter the character and scope of our social engagements and interactions on all facades – individual, interpersonal as well as societal (Tokunaga 426). But while common practice always presumes the shifts to be beneficial, time and purpose considerations would ultimately demonstrate that these sites are more harmful than beneficial. At a personal level, it is almost beyond reason to explain why an individual would use three to four hours of their productive time on a daily occasion to just chat with strangers yet they supposedly ‘lack’ adequate time to finish their assignments or attend to other important chores. Another consideration arises from the fact that social networking sites, in spite of their time-consuming orientation, are often blamed for negatively altering the framework for social interactions that bind society together. Courtesy of social networking sites, “no one wants to get together in real life anymore” (Niedzviecki para. 11). Such an orientation, in my view, beats logic because people are spending so much time on social networking sites yet there is so little to show in terms of establishing actual interpersonal relationships that may serve as the glue to hold the social fabric together. Consequently, it can be argued that much of the time spent on social networking sites is wasted. Today, more than ever before, it is increasingly becoming clear that individuals are developing negative behaviors due to their online engagements. It has been suggested that the style of reading promoted by the Internet may indeed “be weakening our capacity for the kind of deep reading that emerged when an earlier technology, the printing press, made long and complex works of prose comm
Renaissance is a French word for rebirth and the term is used to describe the economic and intellectual changes occurring in Europe between the 14 th to 16 th Centuries. During this era, Europe came out from economic stagnation to experience a period of financial growth. Exploration was not common before Renaissance, but noteworthy voyages before the renaissance were that of Eric The Red, which saw him travel to Greenland in 982, and that of Leif Ericsson to Nova Scotia in 1000. The shaping of the modern world was largely influenced by the renaissance Voyage. The urge to discover new lands outside Europe between 1420 and1620 led to an increase in knowledge about the planet earth. The rise and fall of the nation in Europe were highly influenced by the discovery and colonization of settlements outside Europe. There was a new direction in art, science, and politics. People discovered new ways of doing things, new products, and new opportunism were discovered leading to the creation of new Nations. The 15 th century shows the resumption of population growth, the living conditions had now improved, there were a higher number of people in the financial system which resulted in a shrink production requirement, and this caused an urgent need to look for other territories to expand. Silk and sugar supply was low compared to the demand. The emerging economic structure of Mercantilism was pushing the rising Nations into looking for new sources of precious metal to advance the production of Currency. German silver mines could not meet the current demands and the gold deposits in Europe were exhausted. Commerce expansion was not possible without money. Gold bars were not just wealth but were also a means to acquire more wealth. By the 15 th and 16 th centuries, Voyages were not an Individual affair. Besides sponsorship by major trading companies, the state came to be part of the big picture. This is demonstrated when Spain’s King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I sponsored Christopher Columbus’s voyage to India in 1491. The desire for cheaper spices also played a major role. Lack of refrigerators meant the only preservation method was through salting and to make the meat edible and conceal the taste of meat that had gone bad, spices were necessary. Peppercorns, mace, nutmeg, cinnamon, and mace were some of the much-needed spices from Asia. With a bad road network and an Overland trip between Europe and Asia cut when the Turks fought and defeated the Byzanite Empire in 1453, a sea route had to be found to link Europe to Asian countries like India. The navigator of Portugal Prince Henry encouraged sailors to explore the coast of Africa by setting up a school for sailors. His effort came to bore fruit later in 1486 when Bartholomeu Dias leading his crew reached the southern coast of Africa. Due to the unwillingness of the Dias crew not to travel further, the voyage was cut short and returned to Portugal. Later in 1496, Dias assisted Vasco Da Gama plan another voyage to India through Africa. The passion to spread the gospel was also a major factor that contributed to Voyaging. Much European govern
What has been the impact of the internet on the USPS? Provide specific examples for how the internet has reduced revenues for the USPS . The internet has been an evolving entity since tits advent and popular use in the 1980s. However in the last few decades leading to the year 2007 the internet has been able to evolve extensively, whereby changing the way business is conducted today. One of the main effects that the internet has had on the US economy is putting the USPS almost out of business. The United States Postal Service has suffered a severe set back form the introduction and the widespread use of the internet technology. This is mostly because of the fact that the internet has made the method of communication easier, faster, speedier, more efficient and less costly than ever before. It is now possible for us to chat with people all around the United States as well as all around the word in real time though the internet by employing the use of net meeting software and online chatting software. Video and audio streaming of the conversation is possible. Aside from this the ease with which people can email each other and send each other gift in a much cheaper, affordable and convenient manner form the comfort of their living rooms has made the service offered by USPS redundant. The evolution of the internet pertaining to the increase in online shopping, trade of online and electronic greeting cards as we
Introduction Market analysis The airline industry in Europe is currently ranked as one of the largest and fastest growing industry globally. According to Cento (13), the industry plays a significant role in as far as a country’s economic growth is concerned, by facilitating various economic activities such as tourism, international investment, and global trade. Over the past two decades, the global airline industry has witnessed numerous dynamics as a result of changes in the market forces of demand and supply. Some of the changes in the external business environment have been favorable to firms operating in the industry. For example, there have been numerous changes in the legal environment as a result of deregulation. Prior to the deregulation exercise, it was the state’s responsibility to regulate airfares through the bilateral agreements which have culminated into an expansion in the flight routes. The lucrative nature of the industry coupled with changes in the legal environment has resulted into a large number of investors venturing the industry. The new entrants have led into an increment in the degree of rivalry. In an effort to survive in the long term, firms in this industry are adopting the low-cost model. Air Min is an airline firm which was established in 2008 within the British airline industry. Its headquarters located in London. The founders’ decision was to venture into the airline industry by adopting the low cost model which presents a high potential of surviving in the long term. According to Cento (159), low cost airlines are a new revolutionary phenomenon in the European market. This indicates that there is a high probability of low cost carriers succeeding. In its operation, Air Min will face stiff competition from already established low cost carriers. Some of the firms which will present a challenge to Air Min include Easy Jet and Flybe. Easy Jet Easy Jet was founded in 1995 and has been able to develop expertise over the years. In addition, the firm has a well established financial base. EasyJet has been able to position itself in the industry by attaining relatively high price competitiveness. This has been attained through integration of an effective price determination model. The firm’s management team beliefs that by reducing airfares, there will be growth in demand for air transport (Mayer 3). In an effort to ensure that the model is operational and that airfares are kept low, the firm’s management team has adopted the short haul model in segmenting its market. For example, the airline charges between 70 Euros and 130 Euros for a return flight between Luton and Amsterdam whereas it would cost between 315 Euros in traditional airlines. Over years it has been operation, Easy
Introduction The history of the role of police strongly indicates that as societies increased in diversity and complexity, policing systems based on self policing and individual responsibility deteriorated. Generally the public has gradually abdicated its role in peacekeeping and law enforcement and increasingly expected the police to take on these responsibilities which were once a citizen’s civic duty. There has also been increasing pressure on police to intervene in civil matters. The emerging role of police in the 1990s is one characterized by expansion and change. Nonetheless, while there has been an expansion of the police role, the activities of police forces are still discussed in terms of three major categories, namely; Crime control, Order Maintenance and Wide Range of Services. (Griffiths & Jones, 1994, pp.70-71). Even though the police perform an increasingly wide range of functions, it is crime control which remains uppermost in the perceptions of the police role in the minds of both the police and the public. (Role of the police, 1997). Role of Forensic Science The evolution of law enforcement has benefited greatly from the many extraordinary advances in the field of forensic science- the application of scientific processes to solve legal problems most notably within the context of the criminal justice system. Be it the long established use of fingerprint analysis, the examination of tool or bullet marking, chemical analysis or the most recent, extraordinary advances that have been made in DNA technology, forensic science has been and continues to be one of the most valued and productive resources available to law enforcement and indeed to the justice system as a whole. (Fantino, 2007). As a thumb rule investigators should immediately any and all types of physical evidences. In every criminal investigation process, interviewing and interrogation are the most important means to obtain needed information about a crime. (Swanson., Chamelin., & Torrito, 2002) Fingerprinting – Background An early account of the use of forensic science can be tracked back to the second century BCE; however in the United States, the first systematic and official use of fingerprint for personal identification was adopted by the New York City Civil service Commission in 1901. The method was used for classification of civil service applications. In 1924, the fingerprint records of the Bureau of Investigation and Leavenworth Prison were merged to form the nucleus of the identification record of the new Federal Bureau of Investigation. Presently, the FBI has the largest collection of fingerprints in the world. (Salter). The validity of forensic fingerprint evidence has recently been challenged by academics, judges and media. While fingerprint identification was an improvement over earlier anthropometric system, the subjective nature of matching, along with the relatively high error rate of matches when compared to DNA, has made thi
Introduction The definition of quality remains contested and multifaceted. Barbara and Goodstadt advance that quality is inherent with efficiency, effectiveness, and consumer satisfaction (Barbara & Goodstadt 1999). When focusing on quality, it depends on whether goods are the center of an intervention or a service. Ovretveit’s notion of quality is based on a three-tier model which examines and evaluates quality based on consumer satisfaction, efficient policies or set benchmarks, and professional assessment (Ovretveit 1996, p.55-62). When incorporating quality into management, continuous quality improvement dwells on an exhaustive management philosophy that focuses on an ongoing improvement by applying scientific procedures to gain knowledge and have a grip over varying work processes (Barbara and Goodstadt 1999 p. 83-91). Historical background to CQI Using U.S history as an example, CQI according to American Medical Association (APA) study in 1910, found the need to improve hospital conditions and follow up on patients to assess service delivery. By 1977, the American College Surgeon’s association had developed a criterion for measuring standards. It focused on the general hospital management structure. It further broadened the scope to include the external non-hospital environment as the community (Luce, Bindman & Lee 1994). By 1952, American Medical Association (AMA) and Canadian Medical Association (CMA) had joined to form a joint hospital accreditation forum. By 1966, the focus had shifted to the achievement of set benchmarks, rigorous and obligatory schedules, and more advanced techniques (Luce, Bindman & Lee 1994). Currently, new methods of practice have broadened quality assessment and improvement programs. AMA and CMA standards have guided quality based on setting up clinical investigations and consensus conferences and recommending the way forward. Through physician profiling practice and data evaluation on clients, the progress is assessed. Besides, rogue physicians are induced to change their habits. The trend had improved recently to focusing on group improvement rather than individual physicians. It has also broadened settings to include ambulatory care and community mental health (Luce, Bindman & Lee
Introduction Establishing an industrial plant in any area usually has its share of benefits and harm on the locals. Particularly, construction of a smelting plant raises certain public health and social concerns. A feasibility study usually precedes the construction of any significant plant. The study assesses the credibility of the area to sustain the facility and the effect on the public health and environment. A legal memo is developed based on the conclusion of the study, and it outlines the legal issues that would emanate from the construction of the plant. The City of Riverside has asked for a legal memo outlining the potential regulations that could be developed to help limit the effect of the proposed expansion on public health, environment, and social live of the people. This paper investigates the effect the proposed expansion of RRE international company will impose on public health and environment. Particularly, the paper will focus on specific elements of RRE expansion including coal-fired power plant, water discharges into the Long Trout River from the smelter, and the low-income neighborhood proposed for the situation of the smelter. Thus, this memo is divided into three sections corresponding to the mentioned elements. Operation of the Coal-fired Power Plant Despite the benefits that will accompany the coal-fired power plant, including jobs opportunities, electricity and so forth, it raises concern about the likelihood of its adverse effects on the visibility and air quality inside and around the City of Riverside. The parties involved need to balance between benefits and adverse effects the establishment of a coal power plant might have, so that the company may implement strategies to reduce the impact of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). Impact on the environment and public health Coal-fired power plants are an important source of hazardous air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate. Additionally, such plants are the main point source category of arsenic, mercury, and hydrochloric acid emissions to air…In fact, a study in eastern Ohio attributed 70% of the mercury contained in rainfall to coal combustion (Environmental Health & Engineering [EHE], 2011, p.1). These hazardous air pollutants can cause various negative health effects including injury to respiratory tract, eyes, and skin; negative effects on the critical organs such as kidney, lungs, and nerve system; the capacity to cause cancer; cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions; and impairment of nerve functions and learning ability. In addition, hazardous air pollutants from coal-fired power plants increase exposure to mercury in food, and airborne metal particulates places the major risk to public health and environment. Indeed, the coal-fired power plants may contribute considerably to deposition of mercury in water and soil. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) has linked increased ca