ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Historical Process The neo-conservatism that is often associated with the Chinese [1] in the early 1990s was a movement that gave credence to the reform agenda both in policy and principle through a strategic stage based process that often involved revolution and overthrow of the government system. This movement had little relation with the actual neo-conservatism movement that was in progress at the same time in the United States. There was an existing crisis that was affecting the progress of economies around the globe. In actual sense the crisis took its toll on the Chinese at this time because the British stronghold had taken its share of command as far as they could possibly have gone. China was at its early stages of colonization and influence of western and other ideologies was beginning to take its toll on the Chinese culture and tradition. The long traditional authoritarian culture that had been motivated by the Chinese tradition was also taking a hard blow from the democracy ideology that came with the British influence. Conservatism had fought a losing battle and it was time to embrace the inevitably popular ideology of capitalism and democracy. The situation was made worse by the humiliating treaties and the rise fall and defeat of the various rebellions such as the Taiping rebellion and the Muslim rebellion which culminated in the foreign occupation of Beijing. It was undeniably obvious that the then Manchus regime had little choice but to comply with the turn of the tide. The continued contact with the western world led to more trade relation and opening of its ports to the influence of western initiatives. The effects culminated in a high level of innovation to become one of the most progressive years in the history of china. The final years of the 19 th century still remain a historical landmark for the history and jurisprudence of china. Lee chose to set the stage in this setup narrating story of the average as well as the well of Chinese citizen in the twist of the events that were experienced during this period. The story takes little notice of the historical regime shifts both in economic policy and that was characteristically identified and explained in detail by Robert hooker. Lee however passes by these turn of events in the narration of the transition of the country’s general sectors. The education sector was also gradually embracing the western based education the Conflict and pattern Lewes position can be purely secured by the objective of tell tale by the missing elements of the historical ambit. Rev Dr Brown [2] was an appointed agent of the transition of the educational sector. He was presumed to be the designated proponent who would presumably influence the bearing of the future of the Chinese empire. The wide familiarity of his credentials as having made it through preparatory s
A number of countries including the United States have adopted the term “justice” in their constitutions, as well as other legal documents such as the pledge of allegiance (Plamenatz, Philp and Pelczynski 162). It must be recognized that although this word has been adopted by many countries, its definition and understanding is a subject of discussion for not just theologians and philosophers, but also law makers (Jackson 26). In an attempt to explicate this issue, the paper will use the arguments of Luther Martin King’s view and Hobbes’ to bring the issue into light. Their divergent views show that the idea of justice is still not clearly explained (Jackson 28). This paper discusses the subject of justice and specifically holds the view that justice is to follow one’s consciousness, and not to obey the unjust law. Justice and the word “fairness” are used interchangeably cases in most. In any place or situation, people want to be treated in a just or fair way. They feel they deserve to be treated not just equally, but also impartially (Jackson 26). Given that they have a strong desire for fairness and equality, the guarantee of justice, in most cases, is a factor that defines a society that is good. Accordingly, for any leader, whether appointed or elected, to have support and legitimacy amongst his constituents, he must make sure that the laws or policies designed are not only just, but are also enforced in a just way. Criminal activities as well as other kinds of social ills require a morally just punishment. Even though the specifics of each offense vary, ultimately real justice is“equal” to the wrongdoing committed (Jackson 27). Contrary to this, it will not be justice in any measure. In order to achieve equality or equal justice, universal laws are required. Certainly, universal laws do not just occur or emerge just like that. Universal laws, and as such equal or fair justice, come from God. These laws are just as everyone including the wrongdoer is also subjected to fair judgment. Supporting this argument, Martin Luther King held the view that there exist two types of laws: laws that are just and those that are unjust (Jackson 25). In the view of Martin Luther King, people should only obey laws that are just. Accordingly, he argued that people have both a legal and a moral duty to comply with laws that are just. He also asserted that people have a moral duty to disobey laws that are unjust. He detested unjust laws terming them as ‘no laws in all respects’ (Jackson 27). According to him, unjust laws were the laws set to be violated or broken. He adopted this definition of just and unjust law when discrimination between blacks and whites was the order of the day (Jackson 24). Having come face to face with discrimination, Martin Luther King saw that discrimination was not just derived or rooted in laws that were unjust, but from law makers and people who imposed such discriminative laws on minorities
Gang Culture: Introduction I decided to explore the Culture and its different cultural impact on the formation of different ethnic gangs evolving from a modern urban street gang of Texas because I think this study will help me to excel in my performance as a cultural consultant at my workplace. I think a cultural consultant of a multinational company like ours should possess an in-depth knowledge of the culture in which he or she works. Moreover, I had been a project manager in that state for almost two years. During those two years, I have always been fascinated by the dare-devils of the gang who seemed to me to be the new orientation in the heart of the miscellaneous composition of American culture. Again I have an intention to visit the area for a business purpose in 2010. Besides I have a good number of friends who are from different ethnicities with the help of whom it will be easy for me to obtain the in-details information about the culture. Though the term “gang culture” is reminiscent of the dare-devils that are considered to be its aftermath, it has a deeper root in the history of America. Primarily gangs based on different ethnicity emerged as ensuring more social security in the conflicting interests of various social groups. Since the adventure of the British-American settlers who were ru
Introduction Firms have diverse communication techniques and tools at their exposure, which they can use either individually or in combination in their pursuit to create sufficient market awareness (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel 2012). Transformations within the contemporary market environment, for example, increased competition, high rate of technological innovation, and change in consumer behavior call for firms to acknowledge the importance of a high level of professionalism in their marketing communication processes (McDonald 2011). It is imperative for marketing managers to adopt a well-devised communication mix. The two main communication categories available to marketing managers include personal and impersonal communications. Irrespective of the marketing communication method adopted, marketing managers should ensure that three main marketing communication elements, which include media, tools, and media are considered in the process. The target consumer constitutes one of the major factors that should be taken into account when deciding on the marketing communication plan as communication targets potential buyers. Sexton and Trump (2010) posit, “The target market influences the choice of communication media used” (p.174). Therefore, be it outdoor, broadcast, print media, public relations, promotions or the Internet, the marketing communication has to be directed at the target customers (Mullin 2002). Traditionally, word of mouth has been a major public relations method (Heath 2010). However, the marketing communication developments such as the emergence of new channels of communication have resulted in public relations being taken to another level. Consumers are increasingly receiving numerous messages (Kotler 2000). The technological innovations with specific reference to Information Communication Technology (ICT) have motivated consumers to shift from traditional sources of information to emerging sources such as the Internet. The Internet has led to the emergence of an ‘information age’, which has greatly influenced consumers in their information search in order to make optimal purchasing decisions, which has led to the emergence of online communities. This report seeks to propose an applicable communication plan in promoting Beleza Spa. Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Timely objectives will be applicable. The report will focus on appraising contemporary public relations planning and demonstrate the application of traditional and non-traditional public relations and communication tools. Some of the PR tools that will be considered include online marketing tools, use of the word of mouth and designing flyers. Proposal Trad
Introduction The present world has witnessed increased competition, which has initiated pronounced levels of marketing, and consumer-focused approach in business. Consequently, increasing instances of insecurity and theft amplify the need to have effective theft prevention services. Despite the fact that several service providers provide tracking services, few focus on personal properties such as laptops, phones, or wallets. The Theft Prevention Chip enterprise is an enterprise that provides security services using an application customized in a smartphone. Remarkably, the application customized in a smartphone of individuals raises an alarm when one takes the property away from the device. The competitive environment of security service providers using the application is less challenging, but it is subject to the determinants posed by Porter’s five forces model. Therefore, the research paper describes the competitive environment of the technology innovation named Theft Prevention Chip, which is customized for Smartphone application. Overview of a Competitive Environment A competitive environment represents the environment within which a business operates and the level of competition evident in the subject location. Business outlets, which sell similar or substitute products usually determine the magnitude of competition in a region. As such, an increase in the number of sellers in a region leads to a high competition in the competitive environment. Consequently, when the outlets selling similar or substitute products are few, the level of competition in the environment is minimal. Blythe (2013) explains that competitive environment depends on the number of competitors present in a given m
Introduction Conventionally, dyslexia does not have a common definition. However, the commonly accepted definition is that dyslexia is “a language-based processing disorder that can affect reading, writing, spelling, and speaking, as well as social interactions and self-esteem” (Tunmer and Greaney 230). This condition affects people’s cognitive processes, which are involved in language processing. It is important to note that dyslexia is not a sign of underlying poor intelligence or indolence (Ramus et al. 850). On the contrary, it is a medical condition with underlying causes, symptoms, management, and treatment procedures. This paper explores dyslexia by looking into its history, epidemiology, effects, symptoms, causes, treatment, and management coupled with how it affects teenagers. History The history of dyslexia dates back to 1881 when Oswald Berkhan identified the problem. However, the condition remained known as ‘word blindness’ until 1887 when Rudolf Berlin came up with the word dyslexia. Oswald Berkhan could not understand how a little boy failed to read and write in spite of being intellectually sound in other areas. Different scholars including Orton and Pringle Morgan advanced the idea of dyslexia with the common characteristic being that of writing and reading letters backwards. Even to date, the arbitrary nature dyslexia poses problems in is definition as in some cases, the line between dyslexic and non-dyslexic individuals is very thin. Epidemiology Data on the epidemiology of dyslexia is scarce and poorly documented. The available recorded data on the condition dates back to 2003 where “the prevalence in the United States was estimated to be 5% to 17% of school-age children, with as many as 40% reading below grade level” (Shaywitz and Shaywitz 147). The available data shows that the condition is not gender specific, and thus it affects the both sexes equally, which nullifies the earlier notion that it affected boys more as compared to girls. Information on how the condition is distributed across different regions or backgrounds is still missing, which underscores the need for further research on the area. Effects Dyslexia affects different people disparately, which “depends, in part, upon the severity of the learning disability and the success of alternate learning methods” (Akhavan, Hameedy and Baghal 1013). For instance, while some victims have difficulties in reading, others have problems with writing and some might ha
Introduction Various companies present diverse working terms and conditions based on the business environment and other factors such as such business profitability. Globalization issues have been shown to impact performance outcomes of business establishments across the world. Increased adoption technology and expansion of businesses continuously make firms enter into emerging markets to increase their sales. The entry into new markets often disrupts long running standards. This paper considers two options of working in international companies. One options involves making a decision about working for a MNE, such as IBM moving into a developing country, for example, India. The second option involves deciding to work for a company from an emerging economy, such as Bharti Airtel, moving into a Western market, such as France. The first option (working for a Western MNE) It is crucial to consider important aspects with regard to many MNEs in the developed world that focus on moving into developing markets in order to make a decision whether to work for them. The most recent global meltdown caused many MNEs in the US to rethink abut their operations and focus on entering developing markets such as India. Based on the growth of about 70% that is expected from the emerging markets, I would choose to work for an MNE moving into a growing market. In fact, it has been projected that India and China would contribute to 40% growth of developing markets. This could imply that working for a firm establishing itself in such markets would provide an excellent opportunity for growth and expansion. It would be essential to consider the following external influences that would either negatively or positively impact the performance of a MNE in a foreign developing world:   * Cultural diversification   * Competitive models   * Technology trends   * Political issues   * Legal matters   * Environmental issues   * Industry structure and drivers of the economy   * Customer expectations I would play an important role in offering the management advice with regard to setting operations in a global market characterized by a relatively high level of market growth. A comparison between the expected gains and challenges would be made. Ultimately, a decision would be made on the grounds that there will be more benefits than challenges. On the contrary, it would also be important to make a decision to work for a MNE in a developing market on the premises that the management plans to execute strategies that would aim at preventing negative impacts of external factors in a new international market. An analysis of internal factors of a company would also be helpful when making a decision about working for a MNE. First, an analysis of the management vi
Introduction The work under consideration in this paper is one of the famous dialogues by the prominent Ancient Greek scholar and philosopher Plato. This dialogue takes place between the two men who won fame by their wisdom, logics of thought and strength of argument – Socrates and Euthyphro. The matter of their dispute is the conception of piety, as they both try to find out what pious is and what impious is. The discussion is carried out in the form of an interview in which Socrates asks questions and dismantles the mistaken beliefs by Euthyphro. Main body To start with, Euthyphro gives the definition of piety as punishing the wrongdoer for whatever he did irrespective of his social status of family ties. According to Euthyphro, the law is what should determine phenomena as pious and impious. Moreover, Euthyphro states that only the things he does at the moment are pious as they conform to the laws. However, Socrates rejects this definition saying that there are numerous other pious things to which Euthyphro agrees. Moving the discussion further, Socrates makes Euthyphro give another definition of piety, and Euthyphro states, probably at a loss, that pious are the things loved by gods, and impious are the things hated by gods. However, this definition fails to satisfy Socrates as well because in the course of their dispute the men find out that gods are in conflict as for their likes and dislikes. Accordingly, if some gods consider a deed by a person to be pious, than other gods might consider it opposite. Socrates exemplifies his argument saying that Euthyphro’s prosecuting his father might be viewed as a pious deed by Zeus, but impious by Hera or Apollo, and therefore he rejects this definition. To make the support of his argument stronger, Socrates classifies human quarrels into those that take place about measurement and can be easily solved by either calculation or further examination of the statement quarreled about. However, there are quarrels that are not so easy to solve and that lead to conflicts between people and between states. Gods are also subject to such quarrels, and the concept of piety is one of
Introduction Diversity refers to the dissimilarities that exist among people based on aspects such as race, gender, political affiliation, and sexual orientation among others. The topic has become popular in many institutions globally. This situation has instigated moves to encourage diversity consciousness in not only workplaces but also schools among other social environments. A school setup is a representation of a socially diverse institution as it accommodates diverse people. As a result, it becomes a pool of individuals with wide-ranging mindsets concerning various spheres of life. Accommodation of learners from different cultural groups can enrich the academic accomplishment of the students’ academic accomplishment and well-being besides motivating inter-ethnic acceptance among them. Such variations provide them with different opinions, unique experiences, and perspectives of life. This paper provides an insight into a personal action plan for diversity consciousness by examining the benefits acquired through the process. Personal Growth Students take particular courses based on various motivations and needs. Some of them pursue their courses of choice to fulfill dreams and aspirations while others aim at appreciating their quest for knowledge. The commencement and completion of this course were both motivating and enthusiastic. My dream to join this course was guided by the desire to acquire knowledge applicable to real-life situations. The application of the skills learned in class to solve real-life problems is the fulfilled vision. The course has heightened my awareness of diversity and its importance. Indeed, the knowledge about diversity is an excellent tool that correlates with academic prowess, achieving self-esteem by sharing experiences, developing individual identity, and gaining inter-ethnic tolerance. The course has also led to the awareness that diversity can cause discomfort among peers where rough interactions are experienced. This situation leads to the development of mistrust and conspiracy. Other uncomplimentary effects of diversity are interpersonal conflicts, lower levels of communication, and disrespect among peers. By pursuing this course, I have learned to diminish such hostile situations t
Introduction Supplying food to urban residents might seem like a problem that is quite distant from the issues usually associated with architecture, yet there is a strong connection between the two. By allowing for the simplifying of city infrastructure and making it more accessible to food suppliers, architecture provides numerous opportunities for improving the speed and efficacy of food delivery to cities. As the study of the ways in which cities’ accessibility could be improved for food suppliers, agritecture is based on principles that can address this problem. Solutions Case Study 1 Agritecture offers a plethora of solutions for increasing the accessibility of food services to cities. Exploring the areas that can be used for agricultural purposes within cities is a viable option for managing agricultural issues. For example, the French project titled “Parisculteurs” suggests using rooftops as places for creating green space for future food production (‘Paris to turn a third of its green space into urban farms’ 2018) (see Figure 1). The proposed approach requires the creation of agricultural space in which technological advances will need to be incorporated to enhance the productivity of urban farming. The project does not imply incorporating a top-down approach into an urban farming context. Instead, it allows for diversifying it and introducing new opportunities for delivering food to urban residents. As a result, local food distribution hubs can function more efficiently and manage existing resources more resiliently. Figure 1. Parisculteurs (Les Parisculteurs 2016). Case Study 2 Another solution to the problem of delivering food to cities, as viewed through the lens of agritecture, is the creation of vertical farms. This can also be seen as an attempt to integrate disruptive technology into contemporary agritecture to enhance the food supply (see Figure 2). Similarly to the previous option, which provided for using rooftops as areas for growing food, this idea invites citizens to rethink the use of space for agricultural purposes (Khan & Ahmed 2017). By increasing the number of options for locating farms within an urban landscape, the concept of vertical farms is a via