ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Using our extension of the quark potential model to hybrid mesons that fits well to the available lattice results, we now calculate the masses, radii, wave functions at origin, leptonic and two photon decay widths, E1 and M1 radiative transitions for a significant number of bottomonium mesons. These mesons include both conventional and hybrid ones with radial and angular excitations. Our numerical solutions of the Schrodinger equation are related to QCD through the Born-Oppenheimer approach. Relativistic corrections in masses and decay widths are also calculated by applying the leading order perturbation theory. The calculated results are compared with available experimental data and the theoretical results by other groups. We also identify the states of $\Upsilon(10860)$, $\Upsilon(11020)$, and $Y_b(10890)$ mesons by comparing their experimental masses and decay widths with our results.
We prove that a strongly connected balanced bipartite digraph $D$ of order $2a$, $a\geq3$, satisfying $d(u)+d(v)\geq 3a$ for every pair of vertices $u,v$ with a common in-neighbour or a common out-neighbour, is either bipancyclic or a directed cycle of length $2a$.
Using the coordinate transformation method, we solve the one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger equation with position-dependent mass(PDM). The explicit expressions for the potentials, energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the systems are given. The eigenfunctions can be expressed in terms of the Jacobi, Hemite and generalized Laguerre polynomials. All potentials for these solvable systems have an extra term $V_m$ which produced from the dependence of mass on the coordinate, compared with that for the systems of constant mass. The properties of $V_m$ for several mass functions are discussed.
This paper deals with the theoretical foundation of effective two-body forces for the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) and the projected mean-field method. The first aim of this paper is to reduce into various local-densities the in-medium content of a generalized $G$ matrix removing the hard core problem in this extended context. Then, we consider the possible renormalization of multi-body forces through a density-dependent two-body interaction in the context of configuration mixing calculations. A density dependence of the form $\rho^{\sigma}$, as used in Skyrme and Gogny forces, is successfully interpreted as doing so when the mixed density is used. Finally, we propose a simple extension of the Skyrme force dedicated to the calculation of matrix elements between non-orthogonal product states, which are needed to evaluate the correlated energy.
The use of acoustic holography in the high-frequency $p$-mode spectrum can resolve the source distributions of enhanced acoustic emissions within halo structures surrounding active regions. In doing so, statistical methods can then be applied to ascertain relationships with the magnetic field. This is the focus of this study. The mechanism responsible for the detected enhancement of acoustic sources around solar active regions has not yet been explained. Furthermore the relationship between the magnetic field and enhanced acoustic emission has not yet been comprehensively examined. We have used vector magnetograms from the \Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to image the magnetic-field properties in the halo. We have studied the acoustic morphology of an active region, with a complex halo and "glories," and we have linked some acoustic properties to the magnetic-field configuration. In particular, we find that acoustic sources are significantly enhanced in regions of intermediate field strength with inclinations no different from the distributions found in the quiet Sun. Additionally we have identified a transition region between the active region and the halo, in which the acoustic source power is hindered by inclined fields of intermediate field strength. Finally, we have compared the results of acoustic emission maps, calculated from holography, and the commonly used local acoustic maps, finding that the two types of maps have similar properties with respect to the magnetic field but lack spatial correlation when examining the highest-powered regions.
Topological error correction codes are promising candidates to protect quantum computations from the deteriorating effects of noise. While some codes provide high noise thresholds suitable for robust quantum memories, others allow straightforward gate implementation needed for data processing. To exploit the particular advantages of different topological codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation, it is necessary to be able to switch between them. Here we propose a practical solution, subsystem lattice surgery, which requires only two-body nearest neighbor interactions in a fixed layout in addition to the indispensable error correction. This method can be used for the fault-tolerant transfer of quantum information between arbitrary topological subsystem codes in two dimensions and beyond. In particular, it can be employed to create a simple interface, a quantum bus, between noise resilient surface code memories and flexible color code processors.
In the framework of the recently proposed gluino-axion model, using the effective potential method and taking into account the top-stop as well as the bottom-sbottom effects, we discuss the CP--properties of the lightest Higgs boson, in particular its CP--odd composition, which can offer new opportunities at collider searches. It is found that although the CP-odd composition of the lightest Higgs increases slightly with the inclusion of the sbottom effects, it never exceeds %0.17 for all values of the renormalization scale Q ranging from top mass to TeV scale
We introduce a collection of polynomials $F_N$, associated to each positive integer $N$, whose divisibility properties yield a reformulation of the Goldbach conjecture. While this reformulation certainly does not lead to a resolution of the conjecture, it does suggest two natural generalizations for which we provide some numerical evidence. As these polynomials $F_N$ are independently interesting, we further explore their basic properties, giving, among other things, asymptotic estimates on the growth of their coefficients.
The dynamics of dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies are observed to be dominated by dark matter (DM). Recently, the DM density distribution has been studied for 31 dIrrs. Their extended DM halo (Burket type profile) makes these objects good candidates for DM searches. Located in Puebla (Mexico), the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is an optimal in- strument to perform such DM searches, because of its large sky coverage (8.4 sr per day). We analyzed a set of two years of HAWC data and we found no significant DM signal from dIrr galaxies. We present the upper limits for DM annihilation cross-section with dIrr galaxies.
The present paper is devoted to the study of the well-posedness of a type of BSDEs with triangularly quadratic generators. This work is motivated by the recent results obtained by Hu and Tang [14] and Xing and \v{Z}itkovi\'{c} [28]. By the contraction mapping argument, we first prove that this type of triangularly quadratic BSDEs admits a unique local solution on a small time interval whenever the terminal value is bounded. Under additional assumptions, we build the global solution on the whole time interval by stitching local solutions. Finally, we give solvability results when the generators have path dependence in value process.
In this manuscript we consider an isotropic modification for the Landau equation with Coulomb potential in three space dimensions. Global in time existence of weak solutions for even initial data is shown by employing a time semi-discretization of the equation, an entropy inequality and a uniform estimate for the second moment of the solution to the discretized problem. Moreover, under an additional condition that has to be satisfied uniformly over time, uniform boundedness of the solution is proved, with bounds depending solely on the mass, second moment and entropy of the solution. A byproduct of our analysis is a proof of improved regularity for weak solutions to the Landau equation with Coulomb potential.
In image classification, it is common practice to train deep networks to extract a single feature vector per input image. Few-shot classification methods also mostly follow this trend. In this work, we depart from this established direction and instead propose to extract sets of feature vectors for each image. We argue that a set-based representation intrinsically builds a richer representation of images from the base classes, which can subsequently better transfer to the few-shot classes. To do so, we propose to adapt existing feature extractors to instead produce sets of feature vectors from images. Our approach, dubbed SetFeat, embeds shallow self-attention mechanisms inside existing encoder architectures. The attention modules are lightweight, and as such our method results in encoders that have approximately the same number of parameters as their original versions. During training and inference, a set-to-set matching metric is used to perform image classification. The effectiveness of our proposed architecture and metrics is demonstrated via thorough experiments on standard few-shot datasets -- namely miniImageNet, tieredImageNet, and CUB -- in both the 1- and 5-shot scenarios. In all cases but one, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Multi-color photometry is presented for a large sample of local ellipticals selected by morphology and isolation. The sample uses data from GALEX, SDSS, 2MASS and Spitzer to cover the filters NUV, ugri, JHK and 3.6mum. Various two-color diagrams, using the half-light aperture defined in the 2MASS J filter, are very coherent from color to color, meaning that galaxies defined to be red in one color are always red in other colors. Comparison to globular cluster colors demonstrates that ellipticals are *not* composed of a single age, single metallicity (e.g., [Fe/H]) stellar population, but require a multi-metallicity model using a chemical enrichment scenario. Such a model is sufficient to explain two-color diagrams and the color-magnitude relations for all colors using only metallicity as a variable on a solely 12 Gyrs stellar population with no evidence of stars younger than 10 Gyrs. The [Fe/H] values that match galaxy colors range from -0.5 to +0.4, much higher (and older) than population characteristics deduced from Lick/IDS line-strength system studies, indicating an inconsistency between galaxy colors and line indices values for reasons unknown. The NUV colors have unusual behavior signaling the rise and fall of the UV upturn with elliptical luminosity. Models with BHB tracks can reproduce this behavior indicating the UV upturn is strictly a metallicity effect.
Using the theory of $(\phi,\Gamma)$-modules and the formalism of Selmer complexes we construct the p-adic height for p-adic representations with coefficients in an affinoid algebra over $Q_p$.
In this paper, we prove Lp boundedness of maximal multipliers on stratified groups and maximal multipliers on product spaces of those groups.
There are many generalizations of the Erd\H{o}s-Ko-Rado theorem. We give new results (and problems) concerning families of $t$-intersecting $k$-element multisets of an $n$-set and point out connections to coding theory and classical geometry. We establish the conjecture that for $n \geq t(k-t)+2$ such a family can have at most ${n+k-t-1\choose k-t}$ members.
Morphological and spectroscopic studies of high redshift clusters indicate that a significant fraction of present-day early-type galaxies was transformed from star forming galaxies at z<1. On the other hand, the slow luminosity evolution of early-type galaxies and the low scatter in their color-magnitude relation indicate a high formation redshift of their stars. In this paper we construct models which reconcile these apparently contradictory lines of evidence, and we quantify the effects of morphological evolution on the observed photometric properties of early-type galaxies in distant clusters. We show that in the case of strong morphological evolution the apparent luminosity and color evolution of early-type galaxies are similar to that of a single age stellar population formed at z=infinity, irrespective of the true star formation history of the galaxies. Furthermore, the scatter in age, and hence the scatter in color and luminosity, is approximately constant with redshift. These results are consequences of the ``progenitor bias'': the progenitors of the youngest low redshift early-type galaxies drop out of the sample at high redshift. We construct models which reproduce the observed evolution of the number fraction of early-type galaxies in rich clusters and their color and luminosity evolution simultaneously. Our modelling indicates that approx. 50% of early-type galaxies were transformed from other galaxy types at z<1, and their progenitor galaxies may have had roughly constant star formation rates prior to morphological transformation. After correcting the observed evolution of the mean M/L_B ratio for the maximum progenitor bias we find that the mean luminosity weighted formation redshift of stars in early-type galaxies z_*=2.0^{+0.3}_{-0.2} for Omega_m=0.3 and Omega_Lambda=0.7. [ABRIDGED]
We consider random trigonometric polynomials of the form \[ f_n(t):=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} \sum_{k=1}^{n}a_k \cos(k t)+b_k \sin(k t), \] where $(a_k)_{k\geq 1}$ and $(b_k)_{k\geq 1}$ are two independent stationary Gaussian processes with the same correlation function $\rho: k \mapsto \cos(k\alpha)$, with $\alpha\geq 0$. We show that the asymptotics of the expected number of real zeros differ from the universal one $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$, holding in the case of independent or weakly dependent coefficients. More precisely, for all $\varepsilon>0$, for all $\ell \in (\sqrt{2},2]$, there exists $\alpha \geq 0$ and $n\geq 1$ large enough such that $$\left|\frac{\mathbb{E}\left[\mathcal{N}(f_n,[0,2\pi])\right]}{n}-\ell\right|\leq \varepsilon,$$ where $\mathcal N(f_n,[0,2\pi])$ denotes the number of real zeros of the function $f_n$ in the interval $[0,2\pi]$. Therefore, this result provides the first example where the expected number of real zeros do not converge as $n$ goes to infinity by exhibiting a whole range of possible limits ranging from $\sqrt{2}$ to 2.
We consider the initial value problem of the fifth order modified KdV equation on the Sobolev spaces. \partial_t u - \partial_x^5u + c_1\partial_x^3(u^3) + c_2u\partial_x u\partial_x^2 u + c_3uu\partial_x^3 u =0, u(x,0)= u_0(x) where $ u:R\timesR \to R $ and $c_j$'s are real. We show the local well-posedness in H^s(R) for s \geq 3/4 via the contraction principle on $X^{s,b}$ space. Also, we show that the solution map from data to the solutions fails to be uniformly continuous below $H^{3/4}(R)$. The counter example is obtained by approximating the fifth order mKdV equation by the cubic NLS equation.
An overdamped system with a linear restoring force and two multiplicative colored noises is considered. Noise amplitudes depend on the system state $x$ as $x$ and $|x|^{\alpha}$. An exactly soluble model of a system is constructed due to consideration of a specific relation between noises. Exact expressions for the time-dependent univariate probability distribution function and the fractional moments are derived. Their long-time asymptotic behavior is investigated analytically. It is shown that anomalous diffusion and stochastic localization of particles, not subjected to a restoring force, can occur.
We obtained Subaru FMOS observations of Halpha emitting galaxies selected from the HiZELS narrow-band survey, to investigate the relationship between stellar mass, metallicity and star-formation rate at z = 0.84 - 1.47, for comparison with the Fundamental Metallicity Relation seen at low redshift. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time with a homogeneously selected sample, that a relationship exists for typical star-forming galaxies at z = 1 - 1.5 and that it is surprisingly similar to that seen locally. Therefore, star-forming galaxies at z = 1 - 1.5 are no less metal abundant than galaxies of similar mass and star formation rate (SFR) at z = 0.1, contrary to claims from some earlier studies. We conclude that the bulk of the metal enrichment for this star-forming galaxy population takes place in the 4 Gyr before z = 1.5. We fit a new mass-metallicity-SFR plane to our data which is consistent with other high redshift studies. However, there is some evidence that the mass-metallicity component of this high redshift plane is flattened, at all SFR, compared with z = 0.1, suggesting that processes such as star-formation driven winds, thought to remove enriched gas from low mass halos, are yet to have as large an impact at this early epoch. The negative slope of the SFR-metallicity relation from this new plane is consistent with the picture that the elevation in the SFR of typical galaxies at z > 1 is fuelled by the inflow of metal-poor gas and not major merging.
A mechanism for localization of quantum fields on a $s$-brane, representing the boundary of a s+2 dimensional bulk space, is investigated. Minkowski and AdS bulk spaces are analyzed. Besides the background geometry, the relevant parameters controlling the theory are the mass M and a real parameter \eta, specifying the boundary condition on the brane. The importance of exploring the whole range of allowed values for these parameters is emphasized. Stability in Minkowski space requires \eta to be greater or equal to -M, whereas in the AdS background all real \eta are permitted. Both in the flat and in AdS case, the induced field on the brane is a non-canonical generalized free field. For a suitable choice of boundary condition, corresponding to the presence of a boundary state, the induced field on the brane mimics standard s+1 dimensional physics. In a certain range of \eta, the spectral function in the the AdS case is ominated by a massive excitation, which imitates the presence of massive particle on the brane. We show that the quantum field induced on the brane is stable.
Visual keyword spotting (KWS) is the problem of estimating whether a text query occurs in a given recording using only video information. This paper focuses on visual KWS for words unseen during training, a real-world, practical setting which so far has received no attention by the community. To this end, we devise an end-to-end architecture comprising (a) a state-of-the-art visual feature extractor based on spatiotemporal Residual Networks, (b) a grapheme-to-phoneme model based on sequence-to-sequence neural networks, and (c) a stack of recurrent neural networks which learn how to correlate visual features with the keyword representation. Different to prior works on KWS, which try to learn word representations merely from sequences of graphemes (i.e. letters), we propose the use of a grapheme-to-phoneme encoder-decoder model which learns how to map words to their pronunciation. We demonstrate that our system obtains very promising visual-only KWS results on the challenging LRS2 database, for keywords unseen during training. We also show that our system outperforms a baseline which addresses KWS via automatic speech recognition (ASR), while it drastically improves over other recently proposed ASR-free KWS methods.
In this paper, we consider convolutional neural networks operating on sparse inputs with an application to depth upsampling from sparse laser scan data. First, we show that traditional convolutional networks perform poorly when applied to sparse data even when the location of missing data is provided to the network. To overcome this problem, we propose a simple yet effective sparse convolution layer which explicitly considers the location of missing data during the convolution operation. We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed network architecture in synthetic and real experiments with respect to various baseline approaches. Compared to dense baselines, the proposed sparse convolution network generalizes well to novel datasets and is invariant to the level of sparsity in the data. For our evaluation, we derive a novel dataset from the KITTI benchmark, comprising 93k depth annotated RGB images. Our dataset allows for training and evaluating depth upsampling and depth prediction techniques in challenging real-world settings and will be made available upon publication.
The collective behaviour of statistical systems close to critical points is characterized by an extremely slow dynamics which, in the thermodynamic limit, eventually prevents them from relaxing to an equilibrium state after a change in the thermodynamic control parameters. The non-equilibrium evolution following this change displays some of the features typically observed in glassy materials, such as ageing, and it can be monitored via dynamic susceptibilities and correlation functions of the order parameter, the scaling behaviour of which is characterized by universal exponents, scaling functions, and amplitude ratios. This universality allows one to calculate these quantities in suitable simplified models and field-theoretical methods are a natural and viable approach for this analysis. In addition, if a statistical system is spatially confined, universal Casimir-like forces acting on the confining surfaces emerge and they build up in time when the temperature of the system is tuned to its critical value. We review here some of the theoretical results that have been obtained in recent years for universal quantities, such as the fluctuation-dissipation ratio, associated with the non-equilibrium critical dynamics, with particular focus on the Ising model with Glauber dynamics in the bulk. The non-equilibrium dynamics of the Casimir force acting in a film is discussed within the Gaussian model.
\alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4 is considered to be in the charge-density-wave (CDW) state below 8 K. We present new magnetoresistance data suggesting that the material undergoes a series of field-induced CDW (FICDW) transitions at pressures slightly exceeding the critical pressure Pc at which the zero-field CDW state is destroyed. Further, we argue that a novel kind of FICDW transitions, entirely determined by a superposition of the strong Pauli and quantizing orbital effects of magnetic field on the CDW wavevector, arises when the field is strongly tilted towards the conducting layers. These new transitions can take place even in the case of a relatively well nested Fermi surface. Finally we report on the superconducting (SC) state and its coexistence with the CDW in the title compound under quasi-hydrostatic pressure. Below Pc the material is most likely a heterogeneous SC/CDW mixture, with the SC phase persisting down to ambient pressure. The SC onset temperature appears to drastically increase upon entering the SC/CDW coexistence region.
Using 3-algebras we obtain a nonabelian system of equations that furnish a representation of the (2,0)-supersymmetric tensor multiplet. The on-shell conditions are quite restrictive so that the system can be reduced to five-dimensional gauge theory along with six-dimensional abelian (2,0) tensor multiplets. We briefly discuss possible applications to D4-branes using a spacelike reduction and M5-branes using a null reduction.
The gravity dual of $\beta$-deformed ABJM theory can be obtained by a TsT transformation of $AdS_4\times\mathbb{CP}^3$. We present a supercoset construction of $\mathbb{CP}^3$ to obtain this gravity dual theory as a Yang-Baxter deformation. This is done by selecting a convenient combination of Cartan generators in order to get an Abelian $r$-matrix satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation. Our results provide another illustration of the relation between Abelian $r$-matrices and TsT transformations.