ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Achieving organizational success requires a combination of factors such as good leadership, diversity, a motivated workforce to the spirit of teamwork, and an inclusive workplace environment among others (Hewstone, Johnston, & Aird, 2002). An organization constitutes a number of departments, which have their own teams tasked with completing different tasks. One of the main challenges faced by organizational leaders in the contemporary world is identifying the most effective approach to developing an effective team. Studies have established that one of the main factors that influence success in an organization is the composition of various teams (Fisek, 2000). In this context, composition refers to the ability of organizational leaders to form teams with acceptable levels of diversity. An effective team should have individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds, personalities, fields of expertise, and work experience (Roberson & Pepper, 2001). The reason for this is that the composition of teams, especially those within executive positions influence a lot on the ability of an organization to achieve maximum output and viable results (Jones, 2012). There are two types of teams, namely homogeneous and heterogeneous that an organization can use to achieve its goals. A homogeneous team constitutes individuals with similarities in terms of their skills, viewpoints, motivations, educational background, ethnicity, and work experience (Hewstone et al., 2002). On the other hand, heterogeneous or multicultural teams
Introduction This paper provides a marketing plan for Spaans Cookie Company. It provides the history of the company and also an elaborate evaluation of the company. The paper has also provided a SWOT analysis of the company and looked at the areas where the company needs to improve on as far as marketing and advertising are concerned. The paper has also provided pricing strategies that ought to be implemented by the company so as to gain a competitive edge against it competitors. The firm’s competitors are also analyzed in this paper. The paper has also evaluated the consumers of the company. Various recommendations are also provided at the end of the paper. A conclusion then follows. Company Overview Spaans Cookie Company was formed by Peter Spaans in the year1896. The founder was originally a baker coming from Holland. In the year 1912, Peter accompanied by his wife moved to America. They resided in Kansas and he greatly desired to run a bakery in United States. During the year 1922, he opened the first bakery. It was located at Muir in Michigan. A loaf of bread was sold at seven cents. In the year 1935, Spaans Dutch Bakery was opened by William who was Peter’s oldest son. The Bakery sold potato chips, donuts as well as assorted pastries. The business thrived since the public was restricted from using sugar. However, by the year 1946, the ban that was imposed on sugar was lifted. This made their business to begin slowing considerably since defense cafeterias were closed. In the year 1958, William together with his family relocated to Galt in California. William constructed a large bakery business. In 1969, Sharon and Jim took over the bakery. Spaans Cookie Co. which the two are now in charge of expanded in the recent past, producing 64,000 cookies every hour. Besides, they also bake more than 28 types of cookies which they distribute in California as well as in several other states (Spaans Cookie Co., 2011). SWOT analysis Several organizations in the present society face both local as well as global competition. It should be noted that when the past is successful, it is not a guarantee that the future will also be successful (Keays, 2009). SWOT analysis is of great importance to the company as it will make it to gain competitive edge over its competitors. The strengths of Spaan have been brought about by the firm’s foundation. The company’s baking history commenced in 1896 (Spaans Cookies, 2011). Due to the fact that the company has been operating for quite a long period of time, it has greatly perfected its cookies’ ingredients. The development of such an attractive product is a great strength of the company. It is very significant to the marketing plans of the company. Spaans has a weakness of failing to market their products through the use of social media networks. Websites such as Facebook, for example
Trafficking of women and children is among the global issues and problems that are affecting families currently. It is an issue of concern to the government of United States as it is in other places of the world. In addition, it is an international criminal activity since in most cases; it is carried out by members of the organized crime in the international realm. The government of United states defines women and children trafficking as “ All acts involved in the transport, harboring or sale of persons within national or across the international borders through coercion , force, kidnapping, deception or fraud, for purposes of placing persons in institutions of forced labor or services , such as forced prostitution, domestic servitude, debt bondage, or other slavery like-like practices”(Miko & Park, 2002 pp. 1). In United States and in other countries as well; trafficking is regarded as such without putting the willingness of the child into consideration. Although men are affected, women and children are the most affected since they are more susceptible to factors that influence the same like economic hardships as well low levels of education. With that background in mind, this essay shall focus more on the issue of human trafficking in reference to women and children. In addition, the paper shall discuss the relationship between trafficking and globalization as well as the probable solutions to the same problem. As highlighted in the introductory part, trafficking is a problem of a wide scope since studies indicate that it ranks third among the activities that generate income and profit to the organized crime. Further studies indicate that gangs earn billions of dollars from it every year. As much as the problem affects almost every country in the world, it generally involves the flow of people from the third world countries to the countries which are developed. In addition, it can also involve countries which are better off economically although they may be developing (NHRC – UNIFEM – ISS Project, 2004). Being a criminal activity, it proves quite difficult to come up with reliable statistics since most of the activities which are practiced are done underground. Nevertheless, the available official statistics demonstrate the seriousness of the problem since studies of Miko & Park (2002) indicate that more than seven hundred thousand people are trafficked every year in the whole world. The number is unevenly distributed in various continents since more than two hundred and twenty five thousand and one hundred and fifty thousand victims hail form Southeast Asia and South Asia respectively. More than one hundred thousand of humans trafficked for the purpose of sex industry hail form the former Soviet Union. Over fifty thousand and seventy thousand come from Eastern Europe and Africa respectively. Finally, one hundred thousand come from Latin America and the Caribbean as illustrated in the st
The twentieth century was the period of many significant agrarian reforms in the countries of Latin America. In spite of the fact these reforms were developed in order to address the interests of peasants and landless rural population, in most cases the definite results of these reforms were not associated with the social and economic aspects, but reflected the peculiarities of the political situation in the countries. However, to have the opportunity to make certain conclusions about the phenomenon of agrarian reforms in Latin America, it is necessary to concentrate on its peculiar features. This paper will focus on the examination of the positive and negative results of the agrarian reforms for the rural population in the countries of Latin America because each process or phenomenon always has two sides of its representation. Positive Effects of Agrarian Reforms The period of agrarian reforms started in Latin America with the Mexican revolution which was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century and ceased with the progress of neoliberal policies in the territories. Providing agrarian reforms, governments were inclined to attract the rural masses and contribute to their political goals. That is why the question of the agrarian reforms’ positive effects for all the social classes is rather controversial. The poor peasantry was not discussed as the potential force for the progress in the field of the countries’ economy and agriculture. All the accents were made on the capitalist farmers. Their activity was connected with the income distribution. Thus, the opportunities to invest in agriculture and to develop the land market appeared (Gwynne & Kay, 2004, p. 233). However, the situation changed with the period of neoliberal policies when the governments began to accentuate the importance of privatization land taxes. Thus, the advantages which were acquired by the poor peasantry as a res
Fr. Robert Lawton’s Statement ‘‘So, what is the answer to this deep insecurity we all feel? The answer, I think, is to embrace the adventure of becoming deeply, and fully, ourselves. This is what God is really calling us to. It seems like the riskiest of all journeys, this journey to be one self. But it’s ultimately the journey that leads us to happiness, that leads us into God’s dreams for us.’’ Introduction When I first read Fr. Lawton’s statement, a thought came to my mind: We are born individually, brought up being encouraged to think independently, face life individually, and ultimately become the drivers of our destiny. As the Greek poet, Euripides, remarks “There is just one life for each of us: our own” (Veloso). However, it is one thing that we choose to disregard in life due to the risks we think we will encounter if we decide to become ourselves. True there are risks in taking activities in college that bring out what we are; nevertheless, the risks are worth taking if we are to have fulfillment in life. ‘‘Journey to be oneself’’ as the riskiest of all journeys Meaning What Fr. Lawton meant in his statement is that the process of becoming ourselves is risky, first because we have to open up to others to be ourselves. Sharing our beliefs, aspirations, dreams, and goals exposes us to scrutiny from others who may choose to ridicule or downplay our abilities. This increases the possibility of lowering our self-esteem or simply shying away from becoming ourselves. Secondly, becoming ourselves is a journey with an unknown end. Nobody understands him/herself until he/she embarks on this journey and form an opinion of whom s/he is. If one decides to undertake a journey to a place, s/he has never known or been; the risk of getting lost along the way is high. Nevertheless, we need to continue after getting lost instead of despairing. This I can relate with, as my journey to college has been neither straightforward nor easy. Risks Then the issue of being alone in this “journey” sprouts. We determine when and where to start our journey and that means we are going to be alone many times because every person has a unique journey to travel. Nobody likes to be alone, humans are social beings; however, in finding ourselves we must be prepared to let go of the crowd mentality and think for ourselves. The risks in this journey are increased by the fact that there are many obstacles along the way. People influence the way others live because we all loathe ostracism and rejection. However, we need to know that being ourselves is better than trying to be like other people. If we embark on becoming ourselves, we risk losing some friendships we have, but some risks are worth taking. Another meaning that the statement from the former LMU’s president seems to bring out is from the scriptures. In the bible, for instance, there is a lot of emphasis on Christians having a personal relationship with God as opposed to a communal one. It is far much important to believe rather than just obey, as throu
Introduction The peculiarities of the US health insurance system have always been a contentious issue since much controversy arises regarding certain provisions of the existing policy. For example, access to some medical services is not very easy to obtain. Nevertheless, there is another point of view: the government healthcare program is aimed at providing high-quality medical services, and some ambiguous questions are conventions that cannot be avoided. Therefore, it is required to pay attention to two possible opinions and determine the scope of the government boards’ responsibility. Two Competing Solutions It is possible to pay attention to some features of the current policy to find a way to effectively solve the problem of access to health insurance. For instance, according to Sommers et al., “there is also strong evidence that coverage expansion increases access to preventive services, which can directly maintain or improve health” (588). In other words, more active actions with regard to preventive measures aimed at ensuring public health can significantly improve the situation in the country. It can be achieved by free vaccination, available preventive drugs, etc. However, there is another way to solve the problem with access to insurance. The example of the Australian authorities demonstrates that it is possible to try to solve the problem of financing the considered public sector by cutting premiums to insurers (Davey). Such an approach is perhaps too radical and abrupt, and the employees of these services remained unhappy with this decision. Nevertheless, this measure will reduce the state’s spending on the organization of insurance funds and significantly save budget funds. Preferable Solution Ensuring the availability of preventive treatment methods is probably the preferred way to address the issue. Those people who do not have an opportunity to pay for insurance services and choose an appropriate fare should be able to count on at least a preventive package of measures against dangerous diseases, as well as free physicians’ consultations. According to Keehan et al., the insured share of the American population is likely to increase by approximately 0.6% by 2025 (553). It will improve the health of the population and will be an effective measure against the additional costs of combating viral epidemics. Responsibilities of the Government The federal government is responsible for ensuring the normal operation of the terms of the current legislation with respect to the he
Technology is advancing at a very fast pace bringing with it relevant new ways of fighting crime as well ambivalence. This is so due to the innovation of crime brought by the technological advancement. The police have to adopt modern technologies in order to deal effectively with crime or risk being overtaken by it. One of the new invented technologies is the robotic camera. Robotic cameras have been developed and are used in crime scenes that may look dangerous to send a policeman in. This device is controlled through wireless means by a police officer as it moves on special wheels. It is used by the police in indoor crime scenes, bomb detection sites or outdoor crime scenes (Foster, 2005). Shot spotter is a gunshot detection system that uses electronic sensors to detect and determine a location from which a firearm has been fired. The sensors are placed around a locality and use the mapping technology to identify the people living in the shooting area. The iPad is another advancement of technology that aids the police to be more on the street while doing their entire computer works. With it, they can walk into a crime scene; ask questions while filing a report in real-time. In future more tablets will be integrated as normal police gear (Ackroyd, Harper, Hughes, Shapiro, & Soothill, 1992). Small drones equipped with camera offer police aerial surveillance over the crime scenes, a feature, they didn’t have in the past. These drones are controlled from a laptop by a specialist and are used to spy on the criminals while giving the police an insight of the crime scene. Another technique is a GPS dart. This device is used during the dangerous car chases and allows the police to chase after the suspect, but from a safe distance and at safer speeds. It is shot from a police car by use of a laser and attaches to the suspect’s vehicle (Ackroyd, Harper, Hughes, Shapiro, & Soothill, 1992). Vehicle number plate readers usually get attached on the highways and are used to monitor traffic offenders. This device is then connected to a database that it uses to identify an offensive car owner and send him a ticket. This greatly helps the traffic police in areas with heavy traffic. Facial recognition devices help identify a person at a crime scene using pictures taken from any camera. This technology enhances the accuracy with which the police can pursue and apprehend a suspect (Foster, 2005). Technological challenges Cybercrime is a new type of a criminal activity that is done using the computer. An example of such is the sending of malicious coders that are used to gather banking details such as the credit card numbers. Using this, the criminals can access a person’s or entity’s account and steal money from them. The act can be done across continents meaning that the local police might have challenges in apprehending the criminals as they lie outside the area mandated to them by law (Foster, 2005). With the rise of internet usage, there are a number of criminal activities that have included the hijacking as well as child trafficking. In order fo
At times, transactions in real property are initially held through an option before signing a contract to buy or sale a property. An option refers to a contract where a property owner (optional) agrees with another individual (optional) that the latter will have the privilege to purchase the property within a given time at a stated amount or terms of conditions. The choice to buy the property is exclusively a decision to be made by the optionee. Options contracts can be used in many assets such as money, shares, and land (which is the most applicable in this case). Moreover, an option contract can exist in two primary forms, viz. call option or put option. Call option refers to a situation where the purchaser is granted a right to purchase land from the optionor, while put option is where the property owner has the right, but not a duty to sell his/her property to the optionee (Pivar and Bruss 143). In this case, the call option is applicable. For an option to exist there should be a valuable, consideration, which can be given in the form of a fee. In this case, the valuable consideration is the $5,000 check that Mr. Smith gives Ms. Jones. The landowner has no certainty that the optionee will honor the option and buy the land. Nonetheless, whilst the option contract is valid, the landowner is prohibited from selling the land to a different client. This assertion justifies the need for the purchaser to give a consideration in return for the landowner to limit his/her freedom. However, this fee is irrecoverable. Hence, Mr. Smith cannot be given his check back whether he purchases the land or not. Moreover, option contract is a form oan f part performance. An offer becomes irreversible once performance has commenced. the An option contract is often binding when made with consideration. The option holder promises to buy a piece of land within a given time while the landowner vows not to sell it within that time. This consideration caters for the promise provided by the landowner, and thus, it cannot be claimed whether the land is bought or not. In Rivers v Oak Lawn S.Co. 52 La. Ann. 762, the ruling held, “An option is not an actual or existing contract, but is a right reserved in a subsisting agreement. In a certain sense, an option is a mere pollicitation, a promise without mutuality, not yet ripened into a perfect agreement” (De Geest 239). Having an option contract, the landowner does not sell the land, but rather he/she gives the privilege for the buyer to purchase it within the option period. This consideration compels the option giver (landowner) to sell the land within the given time and at the stated price. However, the option holder (purchaser) is not compelled to buy the land. In essence, an option contract is a type of unilateral contract (De Geest 239). In unilateral contracts, one of the parties takes responsibility in the contract. Ms. Jones has signed the option contract promising to sell her 2-acre commercial lot for $300,000 after being given a consideration fee, she has to sell the land
Visiting Ghana, Africa, people from the Western world as well as people from other parts of the world different from Africa should conduct a thorough research to get to know much about the country peculiarity. Ghana, Africa is not a country with some differences it is absolutely different nation with other principles of living, customs, traditions and other peculiarities which are to be familiar for tourists not feel comfortable in another country on the one hand, and to remain safe there, what is more important aspect, on the other hand. Family and other social relations in the country are important. Another aspect which is going to be discussed is customs and the related issues. Ghana, Africa has many peculiarities in communication. Tourists should know some information about historic and political issues to make sure that they do not appear in a complicated situation due to ignorance. Going to Ghana, it is important to understand family traditions in the country, the role of women and the role of the aged people. The place of women in African society in general and in Ghana in particular is rather difficult. Women are politically, socially, and economically oppressed (Mason, 1990). Women in Ghana do not have access to the information which is available for men. Women are oppressed in the questions of education and leading position at the workplace. One of the main reasons for such behavior is the absence of the female leader who is strong enough to confront to men and to become the encouraging and pushing factor for combating for equal rights of men and women. Women have to work twice longer than men. It is important to mention that about 60% of agricultural products are made by women, however, none of them possess personal land (Mitter, & Rowbotham, 1995). Elderly people in Ghana are mostly supported and never left alone. According to the research, 60% of elderly people are never lonely (hey either live with their children or grandchildren or with maids), 35.1% are partially lonely and only 5.8% of elderly people are extremely lonely. The activities are rather encouraging. However, the tendency is noticed that elderly people in cities are more frequently visited by children than in villagers. It is connected with the working hours. The role of elderly people in society, family, etc. is rather important (Karlberg, 2003). African countries and Ghana as one of such countries have many interesting traditions which are different from Eu