ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a US organization concerned with the country’s medical care system. The purpose of the AHRQ is to provide knowledge, evidence, and data that would enhance the safety, quality, accessibility, and affordability of the US health care delivery system (“Mission and budget,” 2020). This paper aims to discuss the organization’s initiatives such as the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and State Snapshots and their purposes. The AHRQ started an initiative called the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). The project constitutes a group of databases and tools, which collect and store hospital care data. The purpose of the HCUP is to allow researchers and policymakers to study the national, regional, and state health care delivery considering patients’ outcomes. HCUP is viewed as a comprehensive source that provides access to ready-to-use tables and graphs with health care information. Another initiative by AHRQ, State Snapshots, is a tool that provides data on health care quality by states. It monitors the performance and indicates strengths, drawbacks, and ways for improvement for local systems. The State Snapshots’ purpose is to inform state officials and their partners about the health care quality and issues that need their attention. Visualizing data and presenting it online makes the tool an effective source of reliable data. In conclusion, AHRQ supports scientific research and enhances health care for patients by putting research findings into practice. The HCUP and State Snapshots are projects launched to collect and share data on health care delivery systems. They create opportunities for governmental and non-governmental organizations in the US since implementing the tools by AHRQ can improve health care institutions’ performance and boost patients’ satisfaction with medical service. Reference Mission and budget . (2020). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Web.
No matter how independent one might consider him-/herself, social laws make one accept the role that defines one’s gender (Rhode, 2004). However, if even the wrong social role has been offered at a certain stage of a child’s development, there are several ways to help an individual be accepted into the society, which can be seen in the case below. A boy named Billy, who can be defined as the focus of the case study (Blonk, 2003), spending most of his time with girls and playing the games that girls typically play, seems to have adopted a “girly,” feminine manner of behavior. As a result, after becoming a member of a group of boys, Billy faces a number of conflicts and suffers, being unable to confront his bullies, which is the key problem of the case. It is also worth mentioning that Billy’s problems are not restricted to school and bullies. Realizing that his son does not behave the way a man should, his father fears that the former will not be able to grow into a successful man and, which seems even more dreadful to Billy’s father, will turn out to be a homosexual. Therefore, certain actions must be undertaken to help the boy integrate into his school mini-society. At present, it is obvious that the boy’s understanding of his gender role should be redefined. The case study above offers a lot of food of thoughts. It is obvious that Billy has problems with communicating with his peers. The given problems will not dissolve was time passes; on the contrary, unless an efficient interventions offered, the problems win communication are likely to snowball until Billy is completely unable to socialize successfully. Even though Billy’s father has voiced the concern about his son’s sexual preferences, it is obvious that at the given stage, there is no reason to expect that Billy will display sexual interest towards boys. As far as the conflict goes, the boy’s main problem is that he is unwilling to change his behavior towards a socially accepted one under the pretext that girls are more beautiful and, therefore, it is more reasonable to be a girl. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development will help nail down the problem. On the one hand, according to Piaget, the stage when the behavioral pattern was being acquired has been missed and it will be extremely hard to develop a new behavioral model for Billy (Berk, 2006, 31). On the other hand, however, behaviorism and social learning theory claims that “development involves an increase in learned behaviors” (Berk, 2006, 31). Even though the situation seems rather complicated, there are still the ways to help Billy integrate into his school mini-society and improve relationships with his father. First of all, it is necessary that the boy should understand why he is being bullied without making him feeling guilty about his behavior. Further on, it can be recommended t
Summary of the major theme concepts Clay Shirky authored a book titled “Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing without Organizations” published in 2008 by Penguin Press. The text extensively evaluates the influence of the internet on the contemporary group dynamics. The author has considered numerous examples such as MySpace and Wikipedia in the cause of his analysis of the technological facets that have turned around the way of doing things (Shirky, 2009). According to the author, the book is hugely concerned with “what happens when a given group of people is given tools to perform things in unity without resorting to the traditional forms and organizational structures. In his book, Shirky attempts to recount how social tools and other online software like twitter, WordPress, and social platforms seek to assist the groups looking for connection to achieve their conversation and actions in ways previously unachievable through traditional institutions and organizational structures. He argues that the advent of the internet and other technological elements facilitating online social networking can afford to create meaning without facing the common traditional constraints of time, cost and geographical space. According to the author, online social mechanisms from around elements whose costs are perceived as high compared to the potential value derived by intuitions and groups and individuals. However, although these tools can provide numerous benefits to those utilizing them, successful creation of meaning through online tools may be achieved through implementing plausible and efficient tools at an acceptable cost in order to remain relevant in all aspects such as cost-effectiveness and usability. Shirky argues that the major reason why the internet-based communications have tended to alter the way things happen is the negligible costs that have shifted events from filter-then publish toward publish-then filter. This process allows people to publish as much information as they deem appropriate to them even if they fail to appeal to third parties. The ability of media to let the people organize themselves allows for the creation of materials that would have not arisen in the presence of control and management. The Flickr offers the best example of a network media that has left organizational roles to the users. He notes that people have the innate ability to organize themselves and the underlying ideas without necessary wasting resources by providing control. While the uncontrolled use of the internet allows its users to collaborate effectively, it offers an enormous threat to the traditional structures be they dictatorial regimes, record companies because of the fear of the uncontrolled flow of information that ruins their progressive statuses. The potential question that causes attention might
Introduction The romance and enthusiasm of the Mahadiyya movement in Sudan have inspired countless novelists and moviemakers to tell the story of a revolutionary leader—the Mahdi. The movement refers to a revolution that took place in Sudan in the early 1880s in the midst of an infinitely complex confluence of political and social developments that have shaped the country’s motivations and beliefs (“The Mahdiyya”). The Mahdiyya or the Mahdist movement is often described by historians as “the origin of Sudanese nationalism” (“The Mahdiyya”) that made possible the formation of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium in the late 1890s. The view of the movement as nationalistic at its core has to do with the fact that it managed to dismantle the system of tribal societies’ structural mechanism of which was poorly balanced by religious authorities. The interrelatedness of political, economic, and religious dimensions of the Sudanese society was keenly understood by Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah who claimed to be Mahdi (a divinely guided one) and spearheaded the revolution that turned into a jihad (a holy war) against the oppressive rule of the Turco-Egyptian regime (Ronen 1). The aim of this paper is to examine the Mahdiyya movement and its influence on the political and religious life of Sudan. The paper will also discuss the historical and ideological background of the movement and how it changed the Islamic world. Geographical Background There is a large body of primary textual material created before the sixteenth century that designated a great belt of the territory of sub-Saharan Africa to build al-Sudan or “the land of the Blacks” (Searcy 7). Therefore, pre-colonial Europeans who traveled to the continent adopted this name when they referred to the region that spanned from the Atlantic coast to the Red Sea (Searcy 7). Under this geographical designation, “western Sudan included the lands to the south of the Sahara and north of the forest belt of modern West Africa” (Searcy 7), while eastern Sudan included the lands of the contemporary Republic of Sudan. In order to understand important and far-reaching implications of the Mahdiyya movement, it is necessary to consider the division between the northern and the southern regions of the country that separated the country along linguistic and religious lines. The northern region called Nubia stretched “from the first cataract of the Nile, south of Aswan, to the sixths cataract, north of the intersection of the Blue Nile and the White Nile” (Searcy 7). South of Nubia, were two other regions—Funj Sultanate and Sultanate of Darfur—that fell under the cultural influence of Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula (Searcy 7). Historical and Political Background Nubia It is impossible to have a comprehensive view of the formation of the Sudanese national identity, which was instigated by the Mahdiyya movement in the nineteenth century, without discussing Islamization as a critical dimension of the sociocultural process that defined the country (Fluehr-Lobban 610). Prior to the arrival of Islam, the northern region of the country consisted of two
Introduction Diverse citrus products are popular among the population due to their excellent qualities. They are healthy and rich in vitamins that is why the citrus industry has always been profitable. However, there are some dangerous factors faced by this industry. Greening is among the major threats which can negatively impact the citrus industry through decreasing product quality and quantity and thus increasing their price due to the necessity to plan time- and cost-consuming strategies to fight citrus diseases. Greening first was discovered and described in the early 1900s in China, as huanglongbing (HLB, meaning “yellow shoot disease”) and spread all over the world since then (1). It has affected citrus industries in China, the United States, and other significant citrus manufactures. In contrast to HLB, Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) is an endemic virus that is persistent in Australia. At present, the most efficient strategy is its early detection and eradication. Thus, there is a need to develop efficient methods to detect and eliminate pathogens dangerous for citrus crops. The aim of this study is to develop bionanosensors that are cheap, specific, sensitive, easy-to-use, and can be used to detect pathogens before the development of symptoms. The following literature review will provide theoretical grounds for further research. Importance of Citrus Industry: in Australia and Globally Citrus is among the world’s core fruit crops. They are popular due to their diversity, availability, and value for human diets (2). Liu, Heying, and Tanumihardjo (2) single out oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, and tangerines as the most popular “citrus fruits with commercial importance.” Citrus fruits are cultivated in more than 140 countries. However, the majority of the crop is gathered in tropical and subtropical areas (Figure 1). Global production of citrus fruit has grown rapidly at the beginning of the 20th century from about “30 million metric tons in the late 1960s” to “a total estimate of over
The Importance of Graphic Design Related to Internet Communication Since recently, Internet and its specifics have become an integral part of people’s everyday lives, making the boundary between the virtual reality and the everyday world merge to a practically unnoticeable line. However, it cannot be denied that, despite the seeming similarity, the real and the online communications differ considerably, mainly due to the lack of sounds, which has its undeniable impact on the specifics of graphic design in online communications. As Nayar (2004) explains, “There is no ‘reality’ that we can see. Instead, the images we see are the reality” (p. 106).Therefore, the importance of graphic design in online communication is obvious – the pictures and image that are displayed for the public are the means to convey certain messages that will drag a corresponding reaction and create a specific mood that will incline people to acting in a certain manner. The issue is obviously topical and requires thorough research. Taking into account the current demand for graphic designers, finding the connection between online communications and the efficiency of design is crucial. As Ryan & Conover (2004) explain, Today, almost two-thirds of the graphic design firms and advertising agencies are involved in interactive media design and nearly all visual communicators are online. Communication Art’s modest initial website has grown into a three-site network which includes Design Interact, an information resource for creators of interactive media; Creative Hotlist, a customizable online application for connecting talent, companies and services; and Communication Arts, a streamlined, online interface for Communication Arts magazine. (p. 589) Therefore, the connection between graphic design and online communication must be traced. Once the link between the two becomes obvious, it will be possible to predict the further development of graphic design. In the given research, the specifics of the graphic design in online communications, its features, restrictions and the opportunities it opens are going to be considered. Moreover, the given paper aims at proving that graphic design in online communication can be even more powerful than the one that works in the reality. The project context, question and objectives Internet is a huge universe which is constantly expending, which is why the context of the research is narrowed down to observing the graphic design, namely, the images and the fonts, used by the world’s most famous brands. Moreover, the research will t
Burke’s phrase mainly gives the idea of identity as a simple persuasive way by putting the character in the very same shoes as the person the persuasion is directed. This, as he states, entails the use of speech, tone, gestures, order, attitude, idea, and image to identify with the person being persuaded (Burke, 1950). Scriptwriters, film directors, and novelists employ the use of Burke’s idea of identity in their persuasion aims as exemplified in the movie the Shawshank Redemption. The Shawshank Redemption exemplifies excellently the use of identity as a persuasive tool with the parole of Elis Boyd Redding (Red). Red identifies with the crime and brings about regret in the way he handles the last chance he has with the parole board. He has created an identity with the audience throughout the movie by treating other inmates with respect and gaining respect from other inmates and non-inmates. Red has the task of persuading the parole board to accept his application for parole. He does this marvelously through assumption of an identity that the parole board identifies with a repented criminal. He uses a regretful tone as he gives the delivery “I look back on the way I was then, a young, stupid kid who committed a crime.” This tone shows conciliation with his past that leaves the parole board stunned. It is the assumption of the identity that works best as Burkes idea of tone and a means of persuasion is in a best way shown. Red persuades the parole board using a resigned attitude of not being in a position to undo the mistakes of his youth. This identifies well with the parole board as the crime was committed in is youth and that he has accepted his mistakes and is changed for the better when he talks of not being able to talk to the “stupid kid who committed the crime.” This exemplifies use of attitude in identity to persuade as Burke gives in his definition of identity as a form of persuasion. In his parole speech, Red identifies with the parole board using rhetoric and logical reasoning to persuade the parole board to grant him parole (Brock & Green, 2005). Red logically reasons that he cannot be able to talk to the kid who committed the crime since the kid is long gone. He reasons that what remains is “this old man”. He accepts that he is got to “live with”, whi
Introduction The following is a project organization for the Australian Defence Forces in their attempt to modernize their military equipment to match and exceed the existing military technologies to better the welfare and the defense of Australian countries. The project is multi-phase named Project LAND 121 and this Project Management plan is based on phase three where the Australian Defence Forces plan to acquire 2,146 unprotected light G-Wagon vehicles, 1799 lightweight trailers, 293 Bushmasters, and Medium/Heavy vehicles. These are meant to upgrade the Australian defense forces’ capability in protecting the nation and providing reinforcements whenever needed. External Interface The following is a description of the parts of the external interfaces of the project. The external interfaces are those parts of the project handled by other forces outside the scope of the project manager although they are part of the project. The following is a description of how the project is organized and who will be responsible for each phase of the project. The first phase is the initiation phase where the project starts with the process of planning and bringing qualified people to manage each part of the project. This initiation begins with the process of tendering the project so that the company to manufacture the vehicle can be used. The minister indicates that the tendering process for the manufacturing process is over. The other major part of this project is that of the implementation of the project. The implementations will involve ensuring that there are sufficient funds for the acquisition and procurement of these vehicles. The government of Australia through the Australian Defence Forces will provide the funds (Becker 2003). Internal Interface This internal interface is about the process and phases within the project, which are within the scope of the project management. This regards the internal structure and organization of the project. The internal interfaces of this project are concerned with quality control and timely delivery of the heavy and medium-size vehicles. It is worthwhile noting that there are several types of medium size vehicles and the project will involve determining the number of vehicles to be delivered for each type. The first internal phase of this project will look into the organization of the people involved in making the project succes
The primary difference between American and Chinese societies is attitude toward work. Americans are known to the world for the individualism and emphasis on personal achievement. Chinese, on the contrary, value teamwork and are focused on result rather than contribution of each member. Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that American society is individual-based while Chinese community is more cooperative. Cultural differences between American and Chinese societies are significant. American people seek balance in their life trying to devote enough time to work, family, and recreation. A stranger to Chinese culture may think that Chinese people are focused on work only. Finally, American people value personal space and are willing to protect their opinion while Chinese are not concerned about personal distance and are more likely to compromise. It is impossible to state whether American society is better than Chinese. However, the fact is that Chinese economy is rapidly developing and Chinese have already proved the whole world that they are able to become economic leaders. The current financial crisis affected both countries, but Chinese are more likely to survive it with minimal damage due to emphasis on teamwork and culturally-defined willingness to compromise. I strongly believe that English language should be used in global business. English is learnt and spoken throughout the world. It is possible to meet an English-speaking person in any part of the globe. Most of the business documents are prepared in English language. Business conferences and international meetings are held in English language. There is no doubt that English is the most suitable language for business. Compared to Chinese, English language is much easier to learn. Finally, English language has already become a language of international business. American society is characterized with success-driven culture. American people are hard-working and are rewarded for their personal achievements and contributions both in personal and professional life. For example, every person has equal opportunity to be promoted to upper management positions based on his professional qualities and experience only. There is no discrimination in American society and rights of all citizens are equality protected. Japanese culture also emphases the importance of hard and personal contribution; however, Japanese society is less culturally and ethnically diverse than America. Japanese people are known to the world for their strict hierarchy based on age and social position. The value of respect is of primary importance. I think that Japanese society is more traditional than American one. In other words, the respect for elderly and social hierarchy are not