ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Multi-functionality is the main trend of the twenty first century. All things used in daily routine should have the maximum number of functions for a unit of area. Such a tendency is especially valuable when it comes to the backpack design. People who are keen on travelling realize the importance of having a backpack with a built-chair just to have a rest in any place and at any time. They also understand that travelling by foot is always unpredictable due the changeability of the climatic conditions. So, if they want start a long-distanced trip, they will surely need a backpack with a built-in umbrella. Finally, because online communication has become an inherent part of modern life, a travel backpack should have a special place for the laptop. Perhaps, such a wonderful bag will interest everyone who is passionate about long journeys by foot. Aside from increased functionality, the backpack stylish design will also satisfy the needs
Request for funding to complete a business communications course on Sexual Harassment. To prevent the possibility of sexual harassment at the workplace, it is necessary to provide employees with an appropriate business communication course that will directly target sexual harassment, identify factors that can lead to its development, and provide employees with theoretical and practical approaches that can be applied to prevent it. I believe that to avoid potential sexual harassment in the organization or practices related to it, it is necessary to establish a business communication course that will openly and address this problem and help employees evaluate its importance and potential influence on the working environment and the organization. Employees’ awareness of the issue will result in an improvement in the workplace environment and a reduction in the risk of sexual harassment. McLaughlin, Uggen, and Blackstone (2012) point out that gender, race, and class positions can imbue harassers with informal power; it is suggested that more vulnerable workers (e.g., women, employees with little workplace authority, minorities) can become subjects to greater harassment. At the same time, individuals who threaten the power and dominance of others can also become targets of workplace sexual harassment. It is critical to draw employees’ attention to the influence of perceived power on organizational relationships and climate. The organization needs to acknowledge the problem and address it accordingly, as the lack of acknowledgment will lead to decreased satisfaction of victims with organizational support. The lack of organizational support and its inability to address the issue can negatively affect employees’ commitment and job performance (Dionisi, Barling, & Dupré, 2012). It is necessary to introduce the employees to such concepts as gender harassment (e.g., sexual taunts, slurs, gestures, distribution of pornographic materials), unwanted sexual attention (unwelcome behaviors aimed at sexual cooperation), and sexual coercion (unwanted sexual advances combined with bribes) to ensure they can distinguish, address, and prevent different types of sexual harassment that can potentially arise (Dionisi et al., 2012). To prevent the incidents of sexual harassment in the organization, it is necessary to outline policies and procedures for making a complaint, promptly investigate allegations, and initiate action if it is proven that the incident took place (Buchanan, Settles, Hall, & O’Connor, 2014). The purpose of a business course will be the following: to increase employees’ awareness of and knowledge about sexual harassment, to increase the likelihood of complaint failing if sexual harassment takes place, to reduce the negative impact of sexual harassment on targets, and to ensure that bystanders can intervene (Buchanan et al., 2014). Group training provided by a professional can be considered as a valid intervention. A positive response to this request will show employees that the organization is ready and able to support them during such an incident, which can positively influence the company’s image and job satisfaction. A six-week-long
Introduction Competition exists in every aspect of life, and people contesting for a particular post have to employ all efforts to win. The efforts must be strategic, and an effective structure is the main tool for effective organizing campaigns (Bike 12). This paper outlines the importance of structure, the best way to create structure, and coalitions as they incorporate Jo Freeman’s principles of democratic structuring. Essentialness of structure In the contemporary world, coherent structures are imperative for effective organizing campaigns owing to the high level of competition in elections. Every political campaign should have an organized structure comprising of staff with different levels of authority. The topmost leaders of the campaign ought to formulate and implement all possible strategies to win an election. The aspect of specialization is widespread in campaigns, and it works towards the success of the contestant (Gravely 11). Structure enables people with specialized skills to undertake roles that they can perform best. Moreover, the aspect of accountability is evident in any structure, as staffs have specific duties to deliver, failure to which they become answerable to the entire team. It is worth noting that a structure enables organizers to work with people, whose career is full-time campaigning. Such people have sufficient experience to make a contestant win a competitive election. Creation of structure To achieve effective organizing campaigns, organizers should create a coherent structure similar to that of any great business. Every person in the structure becomes a campaign staff by default; however, unlike businesses where staffs aim at making profits, campaign staffs should aim at winning an election. The first step in creating a structure is identifying a competent manager to foresee the entire campaign process. Campaign managers ought to be smart people, as they have the highest authority. Organizers should consider choosing reliable managers, who would coordinate the main operations of the campaign. Managers are the core setters and executers of strategy, and they link other staffs to competent political consultants, who analyze campaigns using sophisticated management tools. The second step in creating structure is obtaining learned fellows to take care of all administrative activities. Financial matters, for example, need people with very high integrity, and that applies to all staffs handling other official matters. The field department, communication, legal, and technology departments need brilliant people for a successful campaign. The final people that organizers need in creating structure are the activists. Activists are fourth in the rank after the campaign manager, political consultants, and administrators. Activists are loyal to the group, and they work hand in hand with volunteers. This group of people comprises of humble individuals, who can do any menial activity towards the success of the candidate. They can go from one door to another canvassing for their candidate, and actively participate in outdoor ca
Introduction Music is hugely regarded as the universal language that traverses cultural boundaries and language barriers. It plays different roles in society including: telling stories, educating, and entertaining. There are various forms of music which are unique to different groups of people. African American Music is one of forms of music which boasts of a very rich history. The importance of music to the African American community has been huge from the slavery days up to this day. Many genres of music such as rhythm and blues, jazz, gospel and soul can trace their roots to the Southern plantations where black slaves toiled in the 19th Century. Smith declares that music was the soul of black people and it as the way of communicating oral tradition and instructive messages about everyday life activities (1203). This music has over the decades evolved and today the African American song tradition is merged with other forms of music to form a new sound. This sound is popularized by most of the mainstream gospel music artists. One of the most popular gospel artists of the new millennium is Kirk Franklin and his contribution to contemporary gospel music is unparalleled. This paper will set out to document the musical contribution of a popular personality in African American song tradition, Kirk Franklin. In particular, the paper will discuss how his music builds on tradition and helps address social realities. Overview of African Gospel Music African American creation in Christian, centered sacred music began to separate itself in the forms of spirituals, shouts, lined-hymns, and anthems in the early as 1800’s. From the good sounds of Shirley Caesar and the Gospel Keynotes to the dancing, different vocals of Kirk Franklin, gospel music does more than just sound good; it literally moves its listeners (Petrie 1). Whether it’s singing and clapping with the choirs or tapping along with the performers or simply raising hands to the rhythm of the music, gospel is one genre of music that needs to be both seen and heard. Gospel music was once defined as religious; however, gospel has passed by those limits to become an impacting force in American music and popular culture. The gospel music of the African American can trace its roots to the years immediately following the Civil war which resulted in the liberation of slaves. The music has undergone numerous changes from being performed in a cappella to the incorporation of musical instruments. Cleveland notes that by the 1950’s, gospel music had experienced significant changes and it was typical to hear guitars and brass accompanying the choirs. As a result of the huge demand for gospel music, performers began to record steadily so as to meet the demand (Jackson 185). Contemporary gospel music was first popularized by Edwin Hawkins whose hit song “Oh
The Impact of Technological Breakthrough on Global Interaction Global interaction has already become a pivotal component of the present-day world of business, culture, and science. All the aspects of human life in different societies are now interdependent. Globalization resulted from a whole number of factors, the most influential of which is the progress in technology development. Modern technologies have managed to shrink spaces and accelerate time. As a result of the technological breakthrough, people of all countries have become closely connected socially (though the use of various means of distant communication), economically (being involved in commodity exchange), politically (through international relations), culturally (due to extensive migration, which fosters the exchange of values and traditions), and even environmentally (sharing the same ecological problems caused by technologies) (Narula, 2014). Thus, global interaction has become continuous and triggered the creation of a global network. However, there emerged opposite views on the effects of such interconnection. On one hand, technological development has given people an opportunity to keep in touch even being separated by huge distances but, on the other hand, there has appeared a concern that the Internet aggravates alienation, isolation from society, and asocial behaviors (Narula, 2014). Despite the fact that the Internet is considered to be the main factor that triggered increased global interaction, there exist other technological achievements that have made their contribution: for instance, new transportation technologies have made it easier to travel the world and enabled people to make connections across the globe; besides, they have increased the mobility of labor and established the global trade cycle making it easier for businesses to manage supplies (Narula, 2014). Consequences of Technological Development for Cultural Diversity The impact of technologies on cultural diversity is also dubious as mobilization of people can lead to cooperation, mutual enrichment, and creation of a new collective identity, as well as to conflicts, loss of identity, and domination of one group over the other. The positive influence of global interaction on diversity reveals itself in information exchange that centers around cultural peculiarities requiring tolerance and respect. Cultural awareness has become an issue of paramount significance. Globalization necessitates the preservation of cultural differences and cultural property. Besides, with the development of communication technologies, it has become possible for cultures to shape their own image thereby avoiding misconception, biasing, and neglect (Kim & Bhawuk, 2008).Technological achievements are widely used to preserve the language as a unique constituent of any collective identity. They also provide an unprecedented opportunity for societies to show their economic and politica
The declaration of independence in the US is the greatest historic achievement for the Americans. The decision was reached at in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 4, 1776, when 13 American colonies were declared independent from the British colonialists. The Declaration of Independence was done through a written document that contained theories from the works of world’s most influential philosophers such as John Locke (Spielvogel 478). Thomas Jefferson was the leading person in the declaration of independence, and he cites John Locke as an influential individual in the establishment of the American politics as well as independence from the British colonists. The declaration of independence is supported by the written document that as made on July 4, 1776. Even though the Americans have had issues with the dates aligned to signatories, it is official that July 4 is the US Independence Day. On the other hand, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in France is a fundamental historical milestone in the French political history. The document was passed on August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly, and it is cited as the greatest achievement of the French Revolution in the history of human and civil rights (Spielvogel 580). Interestingly, Thomas Jefferson played a major role in the establishment of the Declaration. He cited the works of greatest philosophers such as John Locke in the development of that document. Hence, these two documents have some similarities attributed to their development and purpose whereby they played a major role in the development of the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Moreover, the two declarations were developed in the same period even through France was already an independent nation. Works Cited Spielvogel, Jackson. Western Civilization: 1300 to 1815 , Boston: Wadsworth Publishing, 2008. Print.
Introduction As reported by a variety of industries, the implementation of the model of self-directed teams (SDT) had % to 40% of improvements in the companies’ overall productivity. Intrigued with these results, in 2003 RL Wolfe decided to conduct an experiment by applying the innovative approach to one of his plastic manufacturing plants in Corpus Christi. As of 2007, the outcomes of the three-year experiment did not meet the initial forecasts but have shown noticeable improvement in productivity and labor safety domains. This paper will explore the background information on the Corpus Christi Plant, identify the main problems with the model implementation and outline the measures which need to be taken for overcoming the existing problems. Background The Corpus Christi Plant is a plastic pipe manufacturing enterprise owned by RL Wolfe since being bought in 2003. Working twenty-four hours with three shifts a day, this plant became the site for Wolfe’s experiment with the self-directed teams. Eliminating the traditional job division, creating two teams of line operators and material handlers, establishing the team responsibility boundaries and defining the role of the team coordinator were the main stages in organizing the experiment. The new model was implemented after the enrollment of all employees into the training program. Though the results of the implemented SDTs were significant compared to the performance of Wolfe’s other two plants, as of 2007 the initial targets were not met and there were particular problems with the model to be handled. Problems, issues and opportunities The remaining problems with the SDT strategy at the Corpus Christi Plant include the inconsistencies with job definitions of technicians against the line operators and material handlers allowing certain advantages for the first group. Another problem is a misunderstanding of the concept and source of empowerment as well as the subjective perception of the boundaries of team responsibilities in some of the employees which in certain situations resulted in their discharge. The rest of the problems include the size and composition of the teams, performance evaluation and personal recognition of individual employees. Assessment of the team performance causes difficulties with identifying and appraising the outstanding performance of individual employees. Another significant issue is the shifting of the line between the managerial and the workforce decisions. Solution Particular organizational changes need to be undertaken at the Corpus Christi Plant for overcoming particular problems which became hurdles to the successful implementation of the SDT strategy. It is necessary to define clear decision-making boundaries for preventing the problems with shifting them. Regarding the issue of personal recognition, the SDT model presupposes shared power and rewards, and the success of the whole te
Introduction The origin of African state in the modern period dates back to the pre-colonial era. African history and modern are totally different, and its contemporary political and economic structures are different. Africa state has failed because of internal corruption, poor governance and hostile external environment, but this can be improved. Southern Africa state is one of the recognized states in Africa. There are several empirical and socially constructed attributes that can be identified in Southern African region. Most of the contemporary states, in Southern Africa, region share the same colonial and postcolonial history. The region was originally colonized by Portuguese on both coasts, today these are Mozambique and Angola. The Dutch colonized South Africa. Angola, Mozambique, and Namibia were under the German rule. The other Southern countries were under the imperial British (Gerhart 143). Today the Anglo linguistic, political and economic heritage is a similar feature in most of these countries. Liberation movements in Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique and Southern Africa resorted to armed struggle to attain independence. The Cold war generated apartheid in South Africa, which campaigned for regional destabilization against neighboring countries, and the effect was felt in all Southern African countries. In this case, were going to discuss the nationalism in South Africa as an institution of democracy and development, as well as an obstacle preventing the achievement of these goals. South Africa’s nationalist state South Africa is a country, which is found in the Southern part of Africa. It consists of nine provinces. Its neighbors to the north are Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. To the east its neighbor is Mozambique and Swaziland. Lesotho is surrounded by South African territory. The country comprises of several ethnic groups and has different cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognized by the government of South Africa. Two of these languages originated from Europe, Afrikaans and South African English. All of the ethnic tribes and languages are politically represented in the country’s constitutional democracy. In South Africa, the head of state is also the head of government, he is known as the dependent president. Majority of South African population is of black African origin. This population is divided into several ethnic groups speaking various B
Background Acupuncture is one of the therapeutic methods that are used to assist patients with migraines in the recovery process. 1 Acupuncture is a medical practice, which involves encouraging a patient’s body to respond quickly to a natural healing process, thereby improving the body’s functioning. There is no medicine used in the processes and hence, it is normally free of any side effects. 2 This paper will outline the various ways through which acupuncture can be used to treat patients with migraines. Method The information in this research will be collected through a literature review. The review will be conducted using six different scholarly articles, which have information regarding acupuncture and patients with migraines. Only the most current books will be used in the review. The research is planned to last for fourteen days. The Research Strategy There will be a simple strategy for this research on acupuncture and patients suffering from migraines. The research team will look for detailed background information from different resources regarding the topic. The team will use catalogs and indexes to find books and periodical articles. The information on acupuncture obtained from this study will be carefully evaluated. The Exterior-Interior Factors There are several exterior-interior factors that will be considered when carrying out the research. These factors include the cost and time of accessing the online resources, the cost of obtaining books for review, and the criteria for acquiring skilled personnel to carry out the study. The Expected Results Acupuncture, which is a traditional Chinese curative practice, can be used to treat migraines. 3 Acupuncture involves the introduction of stainless needless into a patient’s body at specific points within it. 4 Since a migraine occurs as a result of the blockage of energy from reaching the brain, inserting the acupuncture needles into those areas helps to re-establish it. 5 The Literature Review, Results and Discussion Acupuncture has been found to be the most effective treatment for migraines and is a safe practice given that it does not involve the use of medicines. 6 A migraine is a very painful headache, which in most cases is associated with sensory warning signs such as increased sensitivity to light, blind spots, vomiting, nausea, and flashes of light. 7 When one experiences a migraine, the sympathetic nervous system normally responds with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In addition, the response also causes delays in the speed with which the stomach is supposed to empty its content into the small intestine. This has the effect of decreasing blood circulation, which eventually leads to sensitivity to sound and light. 8 These are the conditions that acupuncture therapy seeks to correct. 9 Acupuncture functioning is based on the principle that a migraine is a condition in which