ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
SimVenture is a medium sized company started in the month of January and thus has been in existence for the last several months. The business has been set up on a strong base of research and a fully understand the market as well as the product. This report explains the performance analysis for the few months of operation. A comprehensive view if the business performance indicates a healthy business plan which has already helped break-even and offer a good return. In the month of January 2010, the profit and loss account could not be accurately prepared due to incompleteness of the records available. What is noticeable though is the fact that there was substantial expenditure in activities of research and development. Most of the activities in the month involved setting up the business. However, estimates show that the company made a gross profit of about £61 from the one order which was delivered during the month. The net loss amounted to -£329. It should be noted that under the expenses, the portion of research was the largest registering £300 of the £390. This is indicative of the solid basis on which the company is found. At this time, the product could only be priced at £460 due to limitations in quality, features, performance and style. In February, 2010, the company made impressive sales revenue of £1380. The gross profit rose to £114 from the £61 registered in January. However, this time round, focus was on sales and marketing. Of the total expense totaling to £1590, £1500 was used to finance an aggressive marketing campaign geared towards familiarizing the products to the customers. We were able to accurately identify our target market as well as fully understanding their needs. This was aimed ensuring that we focus all our energies on producing products which meet the needs of our target customers. Appropriate product designs were developed to suite the customer requirements. A small IT business market was identified as the target market. Still many activities were part of the business set up. As a result, the company recorded losses amounting to £1,476. Notably, the products were now priced at £495 up from £465 due to improvements in product design. In the month of March, the situation changed. We were able to make a profit of £177. This was as a result of an increase in sales as well as a reduction in costs. The turnover may have dropped to £990 but the gross profit rose to £267. Notably, overheads drastically reduced to £90. This was mainly as a result of the pay-offs from the marketing campaigns held in the previous month. Again in a bid to improve efficiency, the company changed its supplier and engaged a cheaper source of materials for production. The company also increased its efficiency from 63% in February to 74%. The number of features available in the Company products was al
Introduction World War II, deemed as the deadliest and most expensive war, began in 1939 when Germany attacked Poland. The United States became fully engaged in the war when Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor on December 1941. This engagement was soon followed by a massive mobilization exercise as millions of men and women were deployed abroad while a substantial number remained at home, supporting the war in every way possible. Women, who had previously stayed at home as housewives or held non-military jobs, were employed in factories that specialized in manufacturing war equipment such as aircrafts, ammunition, and military uniform. The women were called in to replace men who had joined the armed forces. Americans at home took part in rationing programs to fund the war, they also bought Liberty bonds to help raise money for the war. In summary, the war was a major event that helped shape our country’s history and its effects continue to be felt today. Role of WWII in Shaping America’s History Boost to the Economy The entry of the United States into WWII was a major boost to the economy that was still reeling from the effects of the Great Depression of 1930. Just ten years prior to the war, many people were jobless, however, jobs were available for almost everyone during the war. Reports mention that nearly 17 million job openings became available, and workers got the opportunity of clearing old debts, feeding their families, and saving for the future. Availability of job opportunities at home and abroad ensured that the US economy remained s strong as it was prior to the Great Depression, and has maintained that superiority to date. Military Power An important outcome of the WWII was that the US came out a stronger military power than before. During the war, civilian factories were transformed and began manufacturing artillery, machine guns, aircrafts, military clothing, and bullets. Factories that manufacture civilian clothes previously were now manufacturing army uniforms, while those manufacturing iron-based products were converted to manufacture bullets and machine guns. Every sector of the economy contributed to the war in every way possible. Consequently, America’s military technology surpassed those of European nations and this was evident when it manufactured the world’s first atomic bomb. As a result, the end of the war ushered America as the new world superpower, overtaking Russia. A United Country Coming out the war, America was a more united country. The effects of the Civil War (1861-1865) and slavery had not sunk down the hearts of many Americans, however, the WWII provided a platform in which all Americans: northerners, southerners, black, white and indigenous fought side by side to defeat a common enemy. Success depended on cooperation and unity among all Americans. The war reduced racial tensions as President Roosevelt extended federal power into areas predominantly occupied by African Americans. These areas included the Jim Crow South. Americans viewed racial discrimination as a vice that squandered resources needed to win the war abroad. President Roosevelt ment
Introduction Throughout the history of humanity, people have tried to find relationships with each other for the common good. Today, people find themselves lovers and like-minded people who will support them and treat them with understanding. However, there are times when a long relationship ends due to betrayal or simply a loss of interest. Is it possible to consider a relationship that ended real? I faced such a situation and would like to tell you about my experience and experiences. I believe that this topic will always be relevant since the relationship between people will be built throughout the entire existence of humankind. Main body I was faced with a situation where a person who was dear to me and with whom I spent a long period of my life abruptly left me. I could not understand what the problem was for a long time, but then I managed to find out that they had found a replacement for me. After I found out, I had problems understanding what is generally happening in the world and what people are guided by when they perform such actions. I concluded that many things in our world are due to banal benefits. People are comfortable with each other, which means it is beneficial for them to be together. This is not the kind of benefit that appears when a person buys a product at a discount; this is something at the level of instincts and subconsciousness. As soon as the relationship in terms of benefits is lost, people break up and try to find similar past relationships, however, taking into account the mistakes passed, and so on, until they find the most comfortable person for themselves. When people start to be together, meet, and build relationships, they most often promise each other not to disperse and to be close to the end. When they disperse, all these words are forgotten under the pretext that nothing can be returned. Does this mean that people are honest with each other? I faced the same situation when a person promised me to be always there, but time passed, and I heard the phrase that nothing can be returned. In my opinion, honesty and truth are very subjective things that should be studied and learned for a long time. This experience tells me that it is better not to promise what may not be possible or that you do not fully control the outcome. Thus, it will not injure a person because they will believe you not because of words but because of your presence nearby. Many people are faced with similar situations because, in principle, they are not much different; one side betrays the other
Introduction / Thesis Culture in many ways relates to the way people think and how they associate with things around them. Sports and other physical activities relate well in different cultures as they derive their history from the cultures. American football is one of the most watched and celebrated sports in the country, though many other countries prefer traditional football. The difference between these two games is more about rules and legwork, although strategies are almost the same. This paper will try to establish the validity of the notion that people of Hispanic culture prefer playing and watching soccer as compared to Native Americans who enjoy playing and watching American football. Interview one Hernandez is a Hispanic man, born in Mexico and migrated to the US for better opportunities. He is 33 years of age and an avid fun of football. He says he enjoys watching traditional football and playing with friends on weekends for fun. However, Hernandez ridicules the American football, stating that he does not quite understand the hype of the game. In his words, he claims that he does not know why people enjoy watching grown men in tights running around the field. Gladly, he describes traditional football as fulfilling and enjoyable to watch because of the excitement. The expression on his face when asked which team he supports declares the passion he has about soccer, and gladly points at two teams, his local team and Manchester united, which he terms as the winning team. Hernandez affirms that he played football back in the days when he was in high school and college, both as a defender and striker. Moreover, he claims that football is a way of bonding with fam
Summary Sunday School in HD by Allan Taylor is a very important book which helps understand why the Sunday schools are necessary, what are the problems of the most current Sunday schools and what should be done to improve the situation. Allan Taylor does not only dwell upon the issues which are to be said in the church at Sunday schools, he tries to teach others the vision of the Sunday school as the opportunity to teach people not only evangelism, but also discipleship, community, fellowship, and ministry. The book is the guide for those who sure not sure what the main priorities of the Sunday school are. Being an opportunity to give people knowledge they do not have, the book by Allan Taylor shows what the Sunday schools are for, what data should be taught there and who can attend those schools. A Sunday school is the opportunity for people to be closer to God. The book dwells upon the role and the purpose of the Sunday schools stressing on the great contribution to teaching about God. Dwelling upon the role of the Sunday schools, Allan Taylor says that their popularity has reduces dramatically, however, this is not the reason to stop the activity. Modern world is too busy and many people do not have time for attending churches too often. Sunday schools should become the express courses for those who want to know more about God and Christ, for those who want to listen to their teachings, but they are unable to spend much time in church. Sunday schools should become the directing facilities. It is important to understand that Sunday schools cannot give all the knowledge people have while regularly attending churches. However, it is also important to know that Sunday schools help people understand what they are to do. The book also points to the leadership in Sunday schools and passion as the part of the God path. Strengths One of the strongest arguments in the book is the necessity of Sunday schools and their primary function. Reading the book, people should understand that even though they are too busy, even though they have no time for regular attendance of Sunday schools, they have an opportunity to be closer to God. The book shows that the attendance of a church is important as church serves as the direction to God. Of course, inner faith in God is more important that simple churc
Introduction The specific evidence of the possible effect of economic bubbles on the prices of banks’ stock in Saudi Arabia can be observed from the analysis of weekly stock prices of the three major banks of the country, i. e. Riyad Bank, SAMBA, and Saudi Fransi Bank (or Banque Saudi Fransi). The usefulness of such an analysis is in formulating the proper Buy and Hold investment strategy. Banks’ stock prices analysis Riyad Bank So, the first Saudi bank that should be analyzed for the purposes of further investigation is the Riyad BankThe bank has 1.5 billion shares outstanding, while the value of EPS (earnings per share) is at the level of SR2.18 and the dividend per share amount to SR1.40 (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2010). The weekly stock prices of the Riyad Bank are illustrated by Graph 1: Graph 1. Riyad Bank weekly stock prices, 2006 – 2010 Thus, the above graph reveals the four distinct periods in the stock price dynamics of Riyad Bank, i. e. the decline of prices in early 2006, the sharp growth of prices that took place in early 2008, a decrease of prices in late 2008, and the new price growth, which is still observed starting from January 2010. The price – earnings ratio (PER) reveals that such dynamics of Riyad Bank stock prices is directly proportionate to the number and effect of stock market bubbles observed in the Sauid economy in the respective periods:   * PER = Stock Price / EPS   * PER 2006 = 69.9 / 2.49 = 28.1   * PER 2007 = 33.2 / 2.40 = 13.8   * PER2008 = 47.6 / 2.86 = 16.6   * PER 2009 = 21.8 / 2.00 = 10.9   * PER2010 = 26.9 / 2.18 = 12.3 Thus, the PER values for the discussed periods reveal that stock market bubbles have considerable negative effects on the stock prices of banks on the whole and Riyad Bank in particular (Engsted, 2004, p. 21). SAMBA The data for the SAMBA bank, one of the largest Saudi banking institutions, interestingly reveal quite similar facts regarding the stock prices’ dynamics and bubble effects on the markets (SAMBA Financial Group, 2010): Graph 2. SAMBA weekly stock prices, 2006 – 2010 The first implication of the above graph is the similar shape of the curve that reflects stock prices’ rises and falls. Secondly, the PER for SAMBA displays the same price dynamics, although the EPS for this bank is more than twice as large as for Riyad Bank, i. e. SR5.00:   * PER 2006 = 127.3 / 5.8 = 21.9   * PER 2007 = 86.5 / 5.3 = 16.3   * PER2008 = 118.7 / 4.9 = 24.2   * PER 2009 = 53.3 / 5.1 = 10.5   * PER2010 = 61.3 / 5.3 = 11.6 Accordingly, the values of PER for SAMBA quite similarly reflect the picture of stock market dynamics under the effect of the stock market bubbles that accrued in early 2006 and late 2008 conditioned the sharp decline trends in the Saudi stock market. Interestingly, the period of the growing numbers of economic bubbles in the Saudi economy, as well as possible in other economies around the world, coincided in time with the global eco
Introduction Screening and prevention play a significant role in combating the spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Last year the US Preventative Services Task Force (2020) updated their recommendations for screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) contagion in adult and adolescent persons at increased risk of having diseases related to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Although STIs affect all populations within the life span, they are particularly prevalent among adolescents. It is due to social, biological, and economic factors ( STDs in adolescents and young adults , 2019). The health care institution must protect these and all other categories of the population. This work aims to analyze and discuss one of the recent measures, namely the new guidelines, taken by the US Preventive Services Task Force to prevent the spread of HBV infection. Teenagers and Adults with Hepatitis B Virus Screening Recommendations Outline Here are the current guidelines for screening for hepatitis B virus in teenagers and adult persons:   * Screening should be offered and provided to adolescent and adult populations suspected of HBV infection within them.   * The service’s target populations are asymptomatic, non-pregnant, and even vaccinated teenagers and adults with a higher chance of being HBV infected.   * The first stage of the screening procedure should be performed using hepatitis B surface antigen tests.   * The second stage is a confirmatory test for the virus.   * Clinicians should pay special attention to:       + People from countries of Africa, Asia, South America, and the Pacific Islands.       + Unvaccinated people from the United States (US).       + Persons with (HIV).       + People who use injected drugs.       + Homosexual biological men with active sex life.       + Individuals who have household or sexual contact with HBV-positive persons.   * Clinicians should perform screening procedures periodically. Analysis of the Evidence-Based Grade US Preventative Services Task Force gives the recommendation a Grade B. It means that the organization recommends this service and strongly advises medical practitioners to provide it to patients ( Grade definitions , 2018). Based on the description of the supporting evidence, it is safe to say that the level of evidence for these guidelines is
Induced depression including the role of vulnerability factors Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induces sickness behavior which is terminated by endogenous anti-inflammatory molecules. Sustained production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the context of insufficient production of anti-inflammatory molecules causes depression in vulnerable individuals. Factors acquired or genetic can contribute to vulnerability. Vulnerability in the present context refers to an innate or acquired predisposition to develop a given pathology when causal factors are present. Dysfunction in genes controlling key proteins in cytokine production (e.g., IL-6) and serotoninergic neurotransmission (e.g., activity of the serotonin transporter) or serotonin receptor subtype are identified as vulnerability factors for cytokine-induced depression (Kraus et al., 2007). The association between IL-6 polymorphism and reduced risk of depressive symptoms confirms the role of the inflammatory response system in the pathophysiology of IFN-alpha-induced depression. In contrast, the effect of the 5-HTT serotonin transporter gene was small and perhaps dependent on the status of the inflammatory response (Bull et al., 2009). There are several features that contribute to vulnerability and are considered markers of vulnerability. Firstly, psychological features can reveal vulnerability to cytokine-induced depression. Patients who have high scores on depression scales at the start of cytokine treatment are more likely to develop depressive syndrome in response to immunotherapy than patients who have a low score at baseline (Capuron and Ravaud, 1999; Miyaoka et al., 1999). Another example of psychological features is childhood adversity and maltreatment. Danese et al. (2007) conducted a cohort study and followed 1000 individuals from birth to age 32, they found that patients with major depression and documented history of childhood maltreatment showed higher levels of peripheral blood concentrations of high-sensitivity CRP compared with depressed patients without a history of childhood maltreatment (Danese et al, 2008). Secondly, physiological features can also reveal vulnerability. For example, patients who respond to the first injection of IFN-α by an exaggerated pituitary-adrenal response are more likely to become depressed in response to repeated administration of IFN-α than patients who display a lower pituitary-adrenal response (Capuron et al., 2003). Aging is accompanied by several changes in the immune system and reflect immunosenescence and an altered susceptibility of disease. Thus, the elderly respond to stressful events with larger fluctuation of immune function and a greater propensity for the development or progression of disease in young or middle-aged individuals (Irwin & Vedhara, 2007). Godbout et al. (2005) investigated if aging exacerbated neuro-inflammation and sickness behavior after peripheral injection of lipopolysa
Introduction In the book The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is the main character and the protagonist who acquires wealth illegally by trading in stolen securities, crime, and illegal distribution of alcohol. According to Fitzgerald, Gatsby is “a mysterious and wealthy thirty-year-old man who holds extravagant parties every Saturday in his Gothic mansion situated in West Egg” (12). In his turn, Jean Valjean is the title character and protagonist in the book Les Miserables. Jean Valjean comes out as an ex-convict who is struggling with the society’s acceptance after the criminal activities that he had committed before. This paper will compare and contrast the two characters, namely Gatsby in the book The Great Gatsby and Jean Valjean in Les Miserables. Jay Gatsby & Jean Valjean: Characters Comparison Every weekend, Gatsby’s followers stream in his West Egg mansion to be entertained. He is a mysterious person, and no one exactly knows his origins and the ways he used to acquire his fortune. Later, his friend Nick discovers his real name as James Gatz, who was born to an impoverished family in North Dakota. From his youth days, Gatsby has always despised poverty. This makes him develop the character trait of determination to enable him to achieve the dream of being wealthy. He has always looked forward to the day when he would be a wealthy man. At seventeen, Gatsby leaves his parents, terming them as “shiftless and unsuccessful farm people” to search for wealth (Fitzgerald 12). He struggles very much, working one time as a sailor, army man, and a salesman as well. His desire for sophistication and wealth drives him to organize crimes and distribute illegal alcohol to achieve this goal. This demonstrates his determination to leave poverty livelihood. Gatsby is a calculating man, as evidenced by his motivation to acquire wealth to please his love Daisy. Daisy is graceful, luxurious, and charming. Gatsby has to lie about his background to have her convinced he is suitable for her (Tunc 69). From Nick Caraway, the reader gets to know Gatsby as a flawed, vulgar, and a dishonest man who has extraordinary power and optimism which helps him transform “his dreams into reality” (Fitzgerald 24). Examining the character traits of Gatsby, one cannot help but realize that he is really a compulsive liar. Gatsby lies to his closest friend Nick and his love Daisy about his background. The most popular and notorious lie which Gatsby tells his friend is that he has studied at Oxford, as this was their family tradition. All the same, Gatsby is gentle at heart; he does not willfully harm the people. Jay also stands up for Daisy when she kills Myrtle accidentally. His gentleness is further demonstrated when he gives a new gown to one of his party guests when her dress is accidentally torn. Gatsby shows a vulnerable characteristic simply because of the way he can consistently weave lies to act as a shield of protection. For this reason, he does not have any close friends; Gatsby may seem romantic, but the author presents his idea of romance as rotten. Gatsby falls