ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction An ethical dilemma is described as a decision between two issues where both sides can argue about that which is wrong or right. However, there happens to be no real answer to an ethical dilemma. It just happens to be one of those things that one tends to believe in; something like opportunity cost or moral fiber. Ethical Dilemma A while back I was looking for a summer job and I was able to get one in the farms that rear chicken for their eggs and meat. I took the opportunity because this was one factor that I considered important. After all, I wanted to learn how to manage and run a farm. This was a great chance for me to gain the hands-on experience that I needed in my quest to becoming a successful farmer. After starting my job, I was excited and carried on my duties with vigor and valor. I did all that was expected of me and even beyond to work overtime for free in a bid to acquire as much experience as possible. I started making tours around the farm and discovered how they carried out their daily duties. I came across a large shed that housed over two thousand poultry birds and they were locked in small cages where they could barely spread and flap their wings. This was saddening as I was against this and it made me lose the psych I had for the job. I did not understand why they had to keep these birds in those kinds of conditions yet they had a huge amount of lands where these birds could wander around and also flap their wings. I love farming and I love eating poultry products. What I was against are the unjust conditions that these animals were kept in. I hated seeing them undergo this kind of torture because they are living things. I did not want to raise this point for I would have ended up losing my job on the farm thus my so sought after experience would not come in handy after all. If I continued to work there, I would seem as if I was supporting this unjustified act. I was at a crossroads but continued to go to work as I struggled within me about this issue. The farm owners were good friends of my school professor and he had put in a good word for me and they were thrilled to have me there. I did not want to seem as if I was letting my professor down by quitting. Conclusion I purposed to continue working there regardless of the situation. I also realized that having my values tested meant that I was well-positioned to overcome or handle the situation in the future in a much better way than I did that time. This was a form of moral fiber for me in that I was caught in two different situations and I had to take one concerning what I did not probably support but for the respect of my professor. The only way I can make such kinds of situations better is by speaking up once I set up my farm and lead by example. Also, I will not deny these wonderful creatures the freedom that they desire and need. The ethical dilemma came into play in the decisions that I was making.
Introduction Human beings are frequently faced with situations that require them to make decisions under prevailing tough conditions. These conditions can be in their professional areas, their social lives or in times of economic difficulties. The ability to clearly define competing choices helps one to make ethical decisions. For one to make correct choices there is a need to recognize important decisions, observe discipline, and take all involved stakeholders into consideration. In addition, clarity of purpose must be emphasized and modifications need to be monitored closely (Lebar pp. 642-650). The solution to Phoebe’s case Phoebe committed a copyright crime by plagiarizing somebody’s work. In addition, she failed to be honest with her tutor on her assignment’s status. The first factor to consider in solv
Abstract Although social incorporation is associated with mental well-being in a population, this affiliation needs exploration for people curbed in total institutions. Prisons, in particular, are a representation of exceptional conditions with the potential to change the customary correlation between mental health and social ties. This paper surveys the role of peer social relations upheld by jail prisoners based on self-reported behaviors in the targeted prison unit. Using different methodologies, this study aims to establish whether social interactions can positively or negatively affect the mental health of individuals. Several studies have constantly established that favorable exchange in a unique social environment impacts mental health and well-being. Therefore, this research proposal aims to review previous studies and conduct research on the effects of social integration on mental health and general well-being in a criminal justice system. Isolation and social ties in prison settings are shown to increase mental health disorders among prisoners. Introduction The sharp rise in the rates of imprisonment in America over the previous four decades has encouraged studies focused on life imprisonment’s negative social concerns. This research aims to evaluate how social interaction affects mental health and well-being in criminal justice. Owing to the de-institutionalization of United States mental well-being hospitals over the past fifty years, the jail system has observed a rise in the quantity of those having mental disorders with studies suggesting that there are ten times more persons in jail or prison having mental health disorders compared to those admitted in mental hospitals. Significantly, every assessment of imprisonment and its relationship to health relationship has typically depended on comprehensive examinations to compare the mental wellbeing of short-time prisoners and those sentenced to life imprisonment. Generally, the lack of social interaction has been closely linked to stress-related disorders. However, Haney (2018) shows that these undesirable effects vary depending on prison subgroups. Therefore, the relationship amid alienation/isolation with mental health disorder is well recognized in general health works, with the vigorous relation between social support, social integration, and individual health (Clear et al. 2017). Because of limited data, mostly omitted from imprisonment and health studies are the deficiency related to life behind bars, including isolation, alienation, and high stress levels. Finally, imprisoned individuals’ chances to control their access to anticipated physical and mental health resources and their environment are very narrow. Although, these features enable inmates to shape their social and health relationships, the likely hood of retreating the positive relationship between health and social incorporation found in several social backgrounds (Kreager et al. 2017). Determination of w
Executive Summary The issue of occupational health and safety covers a wide array of factors that influence the health and personal safety conditions in the workplace. The theories that form the basis for consideration of the issues of the La_Camera Restaurant include the classic deterrence model, the responsive regulation model, and behavior reasoning theory. The methodology used in the paper included the application of these theories in the situation at La_Camera to determine the theoretical impact of their application and the potential to improve operations. The recommendations offered for La_Camera include the use of more positive methods of enforcing occupational health policies, reduction in the use of the punitive measures, and the implementation of the measures to mitigate not just safety risks, but also health risks affecting the employees. Introduction Framework for the Report The issue of occupational health and safety is a wide body of knowledge that deals with safety in the workplace. Employees have a right to work in a safe environment that guarantees their personal safety and health. 1 The focus on occupational health and safety is not just accidents that occur in the workplace. 2 It also includes diseases that people get when they are at work, depending on the working conditions. Working conditions can cause health deterioration among workers, apart from workplace injuries. This report focuses on occupational health in the context of the La_Camera Restaurant. A previous examination of the operations of the restaurant showed that there were some theoretical possibilities to improve the occupational safety and health practices. The report identified various ways that the restaurant could use to improve its work. The original report looked at the three theories, and it examined one in detail. The purpose of this work is to look at different ways of implementing this theory in the context of the La_Camera Restaurant. Context Analysis The three theories that formed the backbone of the previous report were the classic deterrence model, the responsive regulation model, and the behavior reasoning theory. 3 The classic deterrence model states that the best way to reduce accidents in a workplace is to deter people from committing the accidents by implementing the punitive measures. The responsive regulation model sought to bring in the positive motivation aspect in it by creating rewards for people who were reported to take occupational health and safety risks. The third theory, the behavior reasoning theory, assumes that people act based on certain reasons hence if the employees get good reasons to observe high standards of safety in their workplaces, then there is a good chance that they will uphold the required standards. These three models informed the study of the application of occupational health at the restaurant. In addition to these, there was an effort to investigate the operations of the restaurant, in order to determine how well the models applied work in the restaurant. This involved the examination of the relationshi
Nowadays, modern technology firms face the problem of protecting the intellectual property rights in the context of technological development, innovation, and necessary patenting. The problem is in the fact that today technology firms can rely not only on their own possibilities for the progress but they also can take advantage from the distributed innovation. Thus, to focus on the value creation and the firm’s technological progress while responding to the intellectual property concept, it is necessary to develop the effective integrated intellectual property strategies or rely on the use of modules to contribute to the firm’s further progress as the successful competitor and innovator within the industry. Thus, the research on the role of the integrated intellectual property strategies and the effectiveness of specific intellectual property modules for the development of the technology firms is necessary to study the problem in detail. It is important to support the following argument in the research: although such IP management strategies related to legal issues as the integrated intellectual property strategies and specific modules can be discussed as too controversial because they are proposed and developed recently, these strategies and techniques are effective because they respond to the tendencies of the technology firms’ progress within the industry. To discuss the topic in detail and provide the thesis with the necessary support and evidences, it is useful to pay attention to such points (major headings for the research):   * The concept of intellectual property in the context of the technology firms industry;   * The connection of intellectual property and innovation management;   * The aspects of integrated intellectual property strategies as the approach to innovation management;   * The ethical issues of intellectual property, innovation management, distributed innovation, strategic disclosure, and outsourcing for the technology firms’ development;   * The elements of the intellectual property module system to contribute to value creation and value capture. These points can be discussed with references to the experience of such firms and groups as M-Systems, BASF, and others (Henkel, Baldwin, & Shih, 2013; Peters, Thiel, & Tucci, 2013).
Introduction Entrepreneurial spirit is critical to the success and survival of both small and large organisations. It enables investors to view challenges and needs as potential opportunities. In the process, the investor is able to start a business to serve the identified market niche, either alone or in collaboration with others (Justa et al. 2006). It also guides all aspects of planning and management. Innovation, on the other hand, involves the development of new ideas, processes, and devices. In most cases, the new elements are more effective compared to the pre-existing ones. The skills are important for both start-ups and already established businesses. Failure to identify the different aspects of entrepreneurship and innovation can contribute to the downfall of an organisation. The growth of many corporate entities in the world today is attributed to the entrepreneurship and innovativeness of the founders (Devinney 2009). It is important to note that entrepreneurship and innovativeness come with expenses and risks (Kotabe & Murray 2004). In the case of entrepreneurship, one will need initial capital. At the time, one has limited resources. Starting up the business will mean draining these resources. In the event that the business does not pick up well, one will have lost their investment (Newell et al. 2003). Innovation is also an expensive undertaking. Usually, it involves intensive research. Labour is also required. A lot of testing is also needed in the adoption of innovation. In spite of incurring all these costs, it is not guaranteed that the venture will be successful. It is evident that entrepreneurship and innovation can either support or hinder the development of an organisation. In this paper, the author will analyse how the two elements impact on organisational development. The analysis will be based on Toyota Motor Company. Toyota is a global organisation that is involved in the manufacture and distribution of cars. It is one of the major players in the global automobile industry. Before becoming global, the business started as a single entity (Toyota Motor Corporation 2015). Innovation and high entrepreneurial skills have led to the tremendous growth and development of the entity. In addition, proper management has played a major role in the success of the business. Today, the organisation has various subsidiaries in different countries around the world. The business cannot function without the input of the employees. It is through innovation and proper management of skills that the entity has been able to maintain the productivity of its employees and the high quality of its products (Payne & Frow 2005). A number of theoretical concepts and tools relating
Computer transactions have increasingly become more complex and can support added functions. Therefore they can therefore support enormous volumes of transactions within the same system and are completed in nanoseconds. As such the traditional computer auditing software tools have become increasingly less efficient. Some of them have become obsolete. The complexity of modern computer transactions thus needs new technological solutions that, while supporting the added functions, enable for accurate policing of electronic transactions and prevent any fraudulent transaction (Robert, 2003). There are several continuous auditing software applications available to increase the coverage of computer transactions audit (Dalal, 2000) some of which the company can effectively use. However, this paper will analyze three of them; Approva, CaseWare IDEA and Oversight technologies. Approva One is the only known continuous audit application that can allow finance, audit and Information Technology to operate from a single common platform and still retain the independence of policing their electronic transactions throughout their major applications. This application has a number of key capabilities. It can investigate computer transactions directly by looking at the surrounding environment and comparing related information. This is referred to as 360 o View of Exceptions. Other than auditing multiple controls, Approva One can show a correlation between various audit controls. The software also does both the auditing as well as monitoring functions. Furthermore, it allows users to perform multiple functions such as investigation and analysis under a single interface. This means that other than allowing for users to launch multiple applications under a single platform, users can also resolve audit issues from within the network. The applications also generate reports geared towards helping the companies attain their business goals (Approva Corporation, 2010). CaseWare IDEA enables users to import data in many formats from unlimited sources such as AS-400, XML, dBASE among others, as well as generate reports in varied forms such as Excel, Access, HTML and many more. To avoid any unwanted changes the application only allows read-only user access and tracks any changes to the source. The application allows users to also easily manage and organize data through a series of simple functions such as record specific matching, sorting and grouping of data, viewing of reports as well as alerting manipul
Introduction The value of critical thinking is a fact. Several learners undertake learning experiences that include critical thinking. This is because, in society, making the right decision is something that bothers many most of the time as it makes some people fail to decide at all for fear of making the wrong decision that will end up haunting them later in their lives. So, the decision comes out as a thoughtful process that entails a choice for acting or even thinking. From this, the issue of ethics comes in, since it is expected that every decision is taken to serve the general public good. Critical thinking also comes in handy since it aids in breaking the issue at hand into parts for better understanding. Thus, it is the role of the critical thinker to make sure that the evaluation drawn from such a breakdown is defensible (Paul and Elder, 2002). Best practices Competency in equal measure forms another important facet in the world of critical thinking and decision making. For instance, some of the established qualities of critical thinking involve gathering the needed relevant information for effective drawing relevant conclusions (Austin and Freely, 2009). Own native egocentrism does not have a place in critical thinking as it may deter objectivity; which is highly desirable in the domain of critical thinking (Chickering and Gamson1987). This is why it is good for an effective critical thinker to be well aware of his or her native egocentric and sociocentric tendencies so as they do not impair objective thinking that would lead to a better decision being made. Some critical thinkers underrate the role of effective communication as exhibited in debates. Debates help in openly finding the other side of the story (Austin and Freely, 2009). This goes to a greater extent in making one who engages in critical thinking to have an objective considered conclusion upon which a considered reasonable conclusion can be drawn. In debates, the pros and cons of a particular issue are presented. Fairness is a crucial issue in critical thinking and decision making. For any thinking to be considered fair there is a need to ask ourselves whether all the other points of view have been considered. These also include the awareness of the other factors that might be influencing a particular decision. Also, for any thinking and decision to occur, it is important to consider all the other divergent views about the issue (Brooke, 2006). It is equally of great importance to critically assess the effects of a particular decision on the various stakeholders. In essence, fair critical thinking may be impeded due to the failure of the thinker to recognize the various fallacies that may have sneaked through the process. Recognition of ethical issues is equally of great essence in critical thinking and decision making. Before a decision is made, one should ask themselves whether such a decision can harm somebody else. Every decision made must first of all be for the general good (Paul, 1990). For example, the use of propaganda is usually considered unethical but it ceases to be bad, for instance, when used in media adverts advocating for, say, preventi
Introduction The target population is the older generation. This is because scientific studies have demonstrated that the risk of developing the disease is positively correlated with age. The disease is highly prevalent among the older generation and has a great impact on quality of life that individual life and it further places so many demands on the healthcare system due to care involved in managing the patients. Population Demographics It is estimated that about 3% of men and women aged between 65 years and 74 years have Alzheimer’s disease and over 50% of the population over the age of 85 have the disease. At least one person out of ten people over 65 years has Alzheimer according to ADEAR. It is pertinent to note that having Alzheimer’s disease in old age is not part of the normal process of aging (Administration on Aging, 2003, p. 3). This is just the commonest dementia among older people. Currently, the disease affects 5.3 million people of older population and slightly over 50% of them are receive their care from home while the rest are in different healthcare facilities across the country. Most of the Alzheimer’s patients are ages 65 years and above, though some patients can develop the disease early as in their 30’s (Administration on Aging, 2003, p. 3). After the 65 years, it has been found that the probability of developing Alzheimer’s disease doubles after every 5 years and as a result, by the age of 85 years, the risk of acquiring the diseases is about 50%. According to Alzheimer’s disease, the prevalence of the disease is expected to rise to between 12 and 16 million cases by 2050 in America (Sloane et al, 2002, p. 213). General Impact of Changing Demographics on Health Market With the number of older population having a steady rise because of improved healthcare system, many American get live up to the life expectancy of 70 years (Hebert et al, 1995, 1356). This has made AD to become number six on the leading causes of deaths in America today. It’s expected that this trend with reach 1 million new cases of the disease per year by 2050. The healthcare expenses are expected to increase considerably (three-fold) per person, for AD sufferers as well all patients of other dementias compared to other older people without this health condition (Administration on Aging, 2003, p. 4). The Medicaid payment has risen to nine times higher in 2050. The out-of-pocket expenses have increased to 28% higher for the AD patient population that benefits from Medicare than those without the disease. Those patients who received health care from home record the highest expenses of up to an average of $16,689 per year. These numbers underscore the potential increase in the US medical burden care burden. There is likely to be a knock-on impact with cost related to management of the disease especiall