ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Overview People tend to consider a lot how to react or not bother at all what to do when an emergency occurs. Some pretend like nothing has happened, so they move on, preferring not to interfere in other people’s affairs. They act like it is none of their business. The New York Times published an article about a case of public negligence in times of crisis. “30 years after the slaying of the 28-year-old barmaid in Queens prompted painful soul-searching over whether her neighbors should have done more to help” (Sexton, 1995, p. 1). The newspaper presented evidences to prove that the public did very little in saving one’s life, especially in a crisis. There was a public outcry and debates regarding apathy and civic indifference to violence when Genovese was murdered. She died in the hands of a man who was baying for a woman’s blood in the cold night. The murderer assaulted and stabbed her 17 times after stalking her at the parking bay just a few meters from her apartment. The most amazing and shocking thing was that several neighbors heard her screams while others even witnessed what happened but no one came to her rescue. This led to general outcry and public embarrassment. This opened a debate about the role of public in managing crisis Why people don’t help in a crisis Above is an example of incidence that happened and victim was left to die while the public was witnessing the murder. Psychologists and sociologist have come up with different reasons and theories explaining why people have little or no interest in other people’s affairs in a crisis. There are societies where people have been taught to respect other individual privacy. It is a law, and one can be sued for meddling into other people’s affair. This school of thought has made people mind their own business. People fear lending a hand to a person during emergencies because of fear of looking foolish. The nature of a person involved in emergencies will determine how fast people respond to a situation. People tend to respond faster when something happens to juveniles as compared to the cases where adults are involved. Ladies get sympathy mostly from men, and they stand a better chance of being helped as compared to men. Men, on the other hand, are supposed to face difficult and manage it on. This idea has made men receive little help in the time of emergency living them stranded, when in need. People react differently, when in a group. This affects the way people respond to emergencies. Gen
Introduction In the course of reading Schein’s Organizational Culture and Leadership and Morgan’s Images of Organizations , I was reminded of my work experience at HF Limited. This particular organization sold affordable but high-quality furniture. I remember my work experience there with fondness because I was impressed by the business model employed by HF. They focused on a model that will deliver affordable yet superior products. I remember clearly the company’s strategy to disassemble finished products in order to ship to customers and in turn the customers were able to reassemble the same in the comfort of their home. It was a practical solution to lower freight costs. HF Limited is a foreign-based company but its overwhelming success in the country of origin enabled HF to expand overseas. This is the reason why I was able to work for this company. Although the business model used was truly impressive, another key to the company’s success was the recognition of the CEO to implement principles of the corporate culture. I believe that these principles can be linked to the works of Schein and Morgan. I will also add insights taken from other sources as I revisit my experience working at HF Limited. I am reminded of the significance of acculturation in HF when the CEO decided to adopt the English language as the official language of communication for the entire organization. By the way, HF is a company from Finland. Thus, it was a major adjustment when the CEO made that directive. There were some issues to consider with regards to that move. First of all, there were those who argue in terms of patriotism. The Finnish language was of course a part of the national consciousness and HF, as a Finnish company must be proud of its national language. But I fully understood the rationale of the said directive. The goal of the CEO was to enhance the flow of communication at HF. The CEO realized that the company must adjust to changes in the external environment. The success of the international expansion required the contribution of different nationalities and therefore there was a need to elaborate on the fact that the lingua franca of the business world is English. Another significant step that was implemented by the CEO of HF was to develop multicultural teams to handle specific tasks and other major projects in the course of the business process. Schein and Morgan’s Insights An important contribution of Edgar Schein is the assertion that “A group cannot accomplish tasks, survive, and grow if it cannot manage its internal relationships… learning how to manage those internal relationships occurs at the same time that the group is accomplishing its task” (Schein, 2010, p.93). There are two important layers of insights in this statement alone. First of all, it is imperative to manage internal relationships. If a group fails in this respect, then, group dynamics may not reach the optimal point wherein all the human resources available to the team will be used in the most efficient manner. The second level of insight corresponds
Introduction The Truth Initiative is the largest non-profit health organization in the USA the main purpose of this is to eliminate the problem of smoking, which kills more than 480,000 country citizens yearly (“Burden of tobacco,” 2017). The former name of the organization is the American Legacy Foundation; it was established in March 1999. The agreement of November 1998 between 46 states, five territories of the United States, the District of Columbia, and representatives of the tobacco industry (Philip Morris and others) gave start to the introduction of the Truth campaign. It is known that the organization was renamed into the Truth Initiative in September 2015 to be closely connected with a given campaign the primary objective of which was to eliminate the problem of youth smoking. The counter-marketing goals of a given campaign are to reduce the production of tobacco products and to promote a healthy lifestyle among youth through a variety of anti-smoking advertisements. As to the financial aspect, the program is funded by the Truth Initiative itself. The major focus is made on youths aged from 12 to 17 who are at risk of developing an addiction (Farrelly et al., 2002). Campaign Objectives Eventually, one of the major objectives of
Introduction Many researchers define a project as a distinctive undertaking that tries to achieve a distinct purpose. A project, normally, has multifaceted but interconnected small projects within it. A project’s limitations include duration, budgets, and scope. Researchers further state that each project is unique, as it is unlikely to be repeated. Project objectives are determined by the parameters of duration, budgets, and scope (referred to as performance) (Gray & Larson 2008). Duration, budgets, and scope have to be balanced for the most favourable outcome. Thus, duration, budgets, and scope are a triangle of objectives, referred to as “the magic triangle of project management”. If one is affected, the two other objectives will also be affected. However, the quality/performance objective is often considered paramount (Hay 2010). Review of project management methodologies Project Cost The cost of the project depends on the selected software and the properties of the hardware installed for the new system. The investment for the project will involve the cost of disposing of the current computers used by the accounting department. It will also include purchasing new computers, procuring the accounting software, and installation of the system to substitute for the existing procedures. Another cost driver is the training of the users of the new system for accounting and auditing processes. Project Scope The primary scope of the project is to install an automated computerized accounting system to operate the government’s accounting process. The main objective of the project is to provide an effective system to facilitate the accuracy and efficiency of accounting for transactions as well as financial information. The system needs to be user-friendly and supported by a centralized IT infrastructure. The system will be configured to ensure simplified posting of accounts payable and accounts receivab
The book “The American way of death” revisited was produced in the mid nineties before Jessica Mitford died in 1996. The book was later published in 1998 with new chapters that focused on the increased funeral conglomerates. She was later discriminated for her content because she destroyed an entire industry neglecting the few who could be honest. She tackled the death sector in America and its weaknesses without considering how it got there. However Mitford was determined to expose all the terrible secrets that were involved in “The American way of death.” This later on paved way for other journalists to write boldly on controversial topics. Rebecca Mead who is the author of the book “One Perfect Day” portrayed the American wedding as a Rosetta stone. The author gave a series of questions that challenged people’s national identity. She asked why weddings in America have become so extravagant and demanding in production. Moreover she asked why most grooms and brides pretend to consider their tradition yet they use weddings to express their expensive level of living. Most weddings reveal how people live, relate and consume. The book brings out investigative journalism that brings out activities involved in wedding industry today. She claims that the wedding industry has helped improve America’s economy because the wedding business gets complex and lavish everyday. Weddings have taken a cultural shift and have become marketing opportunities where religion beliefs are neglected and expectations are increased. In the past weddings were a transition from childhood to adulthood, and they were a rite of passage to take people into a more intimate relationship. They would give value to the various American cultures by considering marriage a crucial stage in life. Rebecca does a research on the wedding business and shows measures taken to grow it such as trade shows, conventions and factories. She also researched the available data produced from the industry for the advantage of advertisers on the patterns followed by grooms and brides in terms of consuming money towards the wedding (Fagan 22-44). Compare and contrast the two books and use short quotes for each point Most themes found in the two books are similar; these are some of those themes. 1- Exploitation – In the book “One Perfect Day”: The selling of the American Dream, Rebecca Mead looks into the extreme levels that most brides go to in order to have the best weddings ever. She stated that in the past, weddings were considered as simple events where people only wanted to get married. Today, people have f
The scientific method comprises several steps. They include characterization, development of hypothesis, predictions, experimentation, and acceptance or rejection of hypothesis (Anger 24). Characterization involves observations and definition of the topic or subject under study. Hypothesis formulation involves explanation of measurements included in the study. Prediction involves the use of reasoning to make deductions. Finally, experimentation involves performance of tests that are used to attain desired results. Results obtained are used to accept or reject the hypothesis formulated for the study. The scientific method is important to innovation and invention because it eliminates bias and gives results based on factual information (Anger 24). Pseudoscience refers to processes or claims that are deemed scientific even though they cannot be proved using a valid scientific method, thus making them scientifically unacceptable (Regal 22). They fail to conform to the scientific method because they cannot be tested using a valid hypothesis, cannot produce results that can be verified, and cannot be validated due to lack of factual information. Marie Curie was a French-Polish physicist and chemist who made tremendous contributions on radioactivity (Cregan 45). She was born in 1867 and studied at Warsaw Floating University. At 24, she travelled to Paris. While in Paris, she earned a higher degree and conducted extensive scientific research on radioactivity. She developed a theory that explained radioactivity in details, and discovered two elements namely polonium and radium. In addition, she developed ways to separate isotopes (Cregan 47). She was instrumental in the attainment of results obtained from a research study that focused on treatment of neoplasms. Her contributions were monumental and largely shaped the scientific world of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. For example, radium’s radioactivity changed the foundations of physics considerably because it contradicted the then famous principle of energy conservation (Cregan 48). Her research work and achievements in the study of radioactivity have contributed significantly to advancement of modern medicine. Her findings have aided in identification and elimination of cancer in today’s society. Her studies on radioactivity have helped save many lives. Works Cited Anger, Mary. The Scientific Method . New York: UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press, 2011. Print. Cregan, Elizabeth. Marie Curie: Pioneering Physicist . New York: Capstone, 2008. Print. Regal, Brian. Pseudoscience: a Critical Encyclopedia . New York: Greenwood Press, 2009. Print.
Though the development of information technology gives capabilities to manipulate information, it has consequently led to legal battles and ethical issues to individuals and companies. To avoid these are designed significant frameworks that consider issues of morality as pertaining to privacy of information, environmental aspects; how agents should carry themselves in the info-sphere, information life-cycle; how information is created, distributed and processed, in regard to ownership and copyright. It is imperative to ascertain that Information Ethics is directly linked to the computer ethics and information philosophy. Controversies surrounding ethics in Information Technology Controversies have so often sprung up in regard to information ethics, more so in the current society that has been rapidly embracing technology. It is apparent that a big percentage of individuals in the society today easily access and use information. This implies that an individual may accidentally or willingly access information that is not meant for them, thus distorting or relaying the same information to those not intended to. Transmissions of information as well as literacy are important concerns in the establishment of ethical base that ensures that fairness, equity and responsibilities are strongly promoted and adhered to. This is the reason why Information Ethics was established; to examine issues that are related to ownership, accessibility, privacy and security of any information. Protagonists of ethics in Information Technology are in the forefront in negotiating for protection rights. However, they should acknowledge that Information directly impacts copyright protection, intellectual freedom as well as accountability and security purposes. Ethical issues Ethical conc
Abstract This research will look into the emerging issues of terrorist threats in Africa. The paper will try to answer whether the U.S. can counter the emerging terrorist threats in Africa through military cooperation missions with aligned countries. Thus the research looks into how the U.S. can participate both militarily, and diplomatically to combat the emerging terrorist threat in Africa. Additionally, the paper discusses the disposition of the threat and where it is going. Some of the issues the article looks at are:   * increasing kidnapping cases for ransoms that fund terrorism;   * the AQIM (Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb) and Al Qaeda relationship;   * emergence of Al Shabab in the horn of Africa,   * the transitional federation government in Somalia and its implication on the state of lawlessness;   * the AQIM using Torgs as protection and logistical support;   * the un-official truce between AQIM and the government;   * the situation of the anti AQIM movement in Mauritania;   * the research will also cover the U.S. involvement in Africa, the State Dept and DoD. Other important issues that will be considered will include the foreign internal defense mission that the U.S. is conducting, military agencies like: -Special Operations Command Africa -Special Operations Command Europe -EUCOM -AFRICOM and all of their participating efforts (Davis 2010, 150). Reasons for the research   * Africa for a long time has been a very focal point in the U.S’s policies and has been regarded as a friend. Major economical, political and social changes that are observable within the region have led to an upsurge of terrorist actions within the region (Rothchild and Keller 2006, 100-8).   * Inclusion of African states in world issues and especially its focus from the UN and EU has opened up serious obligations concerning civil liberties protection arising from a number of ratified global pacts. To this point, the reaction from the UN has brought out various important weaknesses in the population strategies and legislation, predominantly relating to minorities’ matters.   * The emerging trend of terrorist organizations in the Middle East recruiting and establishing cells in Africa, Al Qaeda in east Africa and so forth.   * The issue has become the target of both, international and national interest, due to the recent events (for example: The AQIM and Al Qaeda relationship, emergence of Al Shabab in Somalia, rampant piracy in the Indian ocean off the shores of Kenya) which requires the world and United Nations and European Union and other world bodies, to reconsider and revise the whole population policy and human rights legislation. Davis (2010, 16) notes “these aforementioned reasons and the overall need to put a stop on emerging terrorist activities and threats in Africa requires updated current legislation and a revision of national policies by the U.S and aligned countries.” This has offered me with motivation to discuss the emerging t
Introduction An opportunity to reflect on personal work experience through convenient assessment mechanisms is a valuable practice that contributes to increasing individual professional qualifications. As a methodology for analysis, Gibb’s reflective cycle will be utilized, the tool that helps analyze a specific stage of activities from an individual perspective. The problem of patients’ falls in nursing homes is an urgent nursing issue, and my experience in one of these institutions in New Zealand is the object of evaluation. Issue Description Falls caused by older patients’ physiological weakness is an issue that is addressed in many healthcare institutions. According to Carrier et al., of the cases examined, 13% of incidents in New Zealand nursing homes are associated with falls, and half of them result in severe injuries (555). As Vance et al. state, addressing this problem is one of the most frequent interventions developed by students practicing in these institutions (E116). As a result, by promoting relevant methods of prevention, the percentage of falls is minimized, which influences the overall patient outcome positively. Jamieson et al. associate this problem with the use of potent drugs that affect coordination and complicate older adults’ movements (73). My work in such conditions was also aimed at reducing the level of falls, and the assessment of this practice may allow me to reflect on my professional practice. Gibb’s Reflective Cycle Gibb’s reflective cycle is applied to evaluate my work by the aforementioned specifics. Guise and Wiig note that this mechanism “is used to structure the debriefing process and guide the reflection” (500). As Reljić et al. argue, this methodology includes such steps as a problem description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusions, and action plans (62). Based on this principle, I can discuss my working experience in one of the New Zealand nursing homes. As a key aspect of activities, I was involved in the practice of minimizing falls among the target audience. Working with patients has left positive feelings since the overwhelming majority of patients were ready to follow all the instructions responsibly and took my recommendations as valuable advice. Based on the results of the activities, I have managed to convey to older adults the importance of self-prevention and following the principles of safety when moving, although not all the patients expressed interest in education. While analyzing my practice, I realize that I should develop more engaging strategies to involve the target audience in communication. In a conclusion, I assume that I could have offered diverse strategies to propose older adults as steps to prevent falls. Okamoto et al. remark that, in some clinics, reflective models are not common, which, in turn, is an omission (519). This practice and, in particular, Gibb’s reflective model is a valuable aspect of self-
Executive summary Team building is very critical in organizations, because it greatly facilitates the realization of set goals and objectives. In the modern world, many organizations have restructured their human resource departments in a way that promotes team work and cooperation. This is what has made team building activities to become synonymous with organizations that want to leverage their employees’ output for mutual success. This paper extensively covers the role of cross-functional teams, in facilitating strategic innovation of an organization. Abstract The importance of effective teams within an organization is a well known fact, especially in current day progressive organizations, that value the critical role played by their employees in the realization of set goals and objectives. It is with this knowledge that team building activities have become synonymous with organizations, that want to leverage their employees’ output for mutual success. In line with this, the current environment, both internal and external to the organization, calls for constant preparation for imminent changes which are essential. Cross-functional teams and their role in aiding the strategic innovation of an organization are extensively discussed in this paper. Key words : teams, organizational culture, organizational development, organizational change management. Introduction and Thesis Team building can broadly be defined as the activities that are carried out within a group of people either in a corporate set-up, in a school or institution, in sports, or any other setting that is aimed at developing the cohesiveness, unity, and most of all, the performance of the group. The activities comprising of team building could be simulation games, simple bonding activities like games, and even retreats coordinated by team-building professionals that last for a number of days. Team building has a bigger aim of bringing together people, to improve positive communication, leadership building, self development of members of the team, and even improve the ability to solve problems as a team (Beitler, 2005). Organizational Development and Teams In efforts to develop the organization and its people to better meet its objectives and goals, there is need to have deliberate and effective teams in place. Effectiveness of teams can be measured by carrying out self-assessmen