ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The name of Sigmund Freud is not unfamiliar to most people in the modern world regardless of their level of education. This name has become synonymous with psychoanalysis, the science he essentially invented at the beginning of the 19 th century. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a medical doctor who worked with mental patients in Vienna prior to 1959 and is considered one of the founding fathers of modern day psychology because of his development of the psychoanalytic theory. Originally trained as a neurologist, Freud’s work with his patients, frustrated by a mediocre ability to hypnotize, necessarily took on a more imaginative turn that revolutionized the way people approached the treatment of the mind. Although others had been doing work to understand the inner workings of the mind before him and others have come after him to refine and build on his theories, as well as add theories of their own, Freud is generally credited with the first break-through in treating the mind as an entity separate from the body. His identification of different levels of thought and how these levels interact and intertwine led to his development of psychotherapy. Within this theory, Freud outlines three major components of an individual’s psyche – the id, the ego and the superego. Although the concept of the unconscious mind had existed well before Freud began his work, and the concept of hypnosis had been around for at least a century prior to his failure to work with it, it was Freud’s understanding of what the effects of hypnosis were in the treatment of the mind, as well as why these effects manifested themselves, that ultimately led to his development of the psychoanalytic process and the concepts therein. To place his theory in basic terms, Freud determined that the human mind consisted of three main elements, which he called the Id, the Ego and the Super-ego. The id is the essentially biological element of the human mind that conceives of basic impulses and instinctual desires. As such, this element of the brain is treated as being essentially unconscious. The conscious mind was more associated with the ego, which was the socializing element of the human mind, functioning to help us navigate through the outer world by bringing the impulses and the desires of the id into socially acceptable bounds. This was ruled over by the super-ego, what most people term their conscience, in which judgments are made regarding whether the individual’s determination to act or not to act on a specific impulse, including the methods in which any action is pursued, was good or bad. This area of the mind is also the one to dispense punishment whenever the rules are broken in the form of guilt. “Put more idiomatically: The Id says, ‘I want it now!!’; The Ego says, ‘No wait, please. Accept this substitute’ (sublimation); and the Superego judges either ‘Well done!’ or ‘You shouldn’t have done that. Now you will have to suffer guilt.’” (Landow, 1988). Through the concept of the preconscious mind, Freud introduced the possibility that the conscious and unconscious mind were indeed linked in sophisticated ways, each affecting the other
Purpose This document seeks to summarize the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program’s impacts on four aspects of health, such as care costs, birth outcomes, infant feeding, and immunization rates. The WIC’s purpose involves safeguarding the health of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their children. Efforts to achieve it include providing food checks for eligible participants, offering education pertaining to child nutrition, and facilitating participants’ access to healthcare services, such as immunization (Florida Health, 2022). Based on the analysis, the document proposes recommendations to improve the WIC program’s effectiveness in Florida and the Orlando area. Problem and Problem Analysis The problem that needs addressing refers to improving the WIC program’s ability to achieve its stated goals across various levels. In the context of the federal program, the available room for improvement has existed as a crucial issue for decades. Constant improvements resulted in changes to food packages and healthcare services offered to the eligible participants (Di et al., 2018; Food Research and Action Center [FRAC], 2021). The evaluations of the program’s impact across various levels can support the identification of deficiencies affecting the WIC-eligible populations in Florida and the Orlando area. Regarding the aspects that can be improved or changed, the analysis of the WIC’s impacts on birth outcomes, healthcare expenses for program participants, infant feeding, and immunization rates facilitates the identification of the program’s deficiencies. Aside from demonstrating the key improvement areas, the planned analysis can promote meaningful recommendations for change that are not linked with the program’s components and related services. In some circumstances, the WIC program’s insufficient impacts on mothers’ and children’s health might stem from suboptimal program utilization rates and state or local agencies’ inability to reach all eligible individuals. As an example, despite the recent 2,1% increase in participation in the WIC program at the national level, Florida has experienced a 1,9% decrease in service utilization (FRAC, 2021). The findings reported below demonstrate two central improvement areas, including increasing WIC participation rates in Florida and considering new strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding in racial minority women. Results of Analysis: The WIC Program’s Impacts Research Methods and Resources’ Credibility The WIC’s overall impacts on the U.S., State of Florida, and the Orlando area/Orange County have been researched with the use of literature review methods, including database and Internet search. The findings were then grouped according to the health outcome. The used resources’ quality and credibility were ascertained by limiting the range of applicable document types. The appropriate source types included scholarly research, government-funded research, and information from healthcare authorities. Opinions and individual-
Introduction The advent of online distance learning has significantly brought many changes in the work environment. Previously, workers needed to be present physically in lecture halls in order to get education, which also meant that they sacrificed their work, either to be done by someone else or not to be done at all. With the advancement in technology that has revolutionized the operations of many companies, especially in the last century to date, it has become increasingly important for the affected firms to train their workers to remain competitive in the business arena. However, this trained could experience a setback if all workers were to leave their workplaces to be in lecture halls. The Western Governors University, consequently, designed a curriculum that offers online distance-learning thus enabling workers to stay put in their jobs but access education. The paper explores how the curriculum change of the university responded to the needs of the community. Distance Learning The unprecedented technological advancement that characterized the previous century into the present time significantly changed the pattern of work in industries. The obvious step to take was to re-train workers to be techno savvy in their workstations. New recruits were also incorporated in the learning program to acquire the requisite expertise on a given job. However, the dynamism of technology created a bigger problem in the industries that overlapped further to the community. It required that workers down their tools and enroll for appropriate courses in learning institutions in a bid to catch up with new technology. Such a scenario created a problem since factories could not operate hence losing out in their market shares and at the same time affecting the community that they served (Gitman & McDaniel, 2008). It is against this backdrop that the need to formulate distance-learning programs became necessary. Having seen that disconnect, policy makers at Western Governors University mooted a plan to change its curriculum in order to accommodate workers in that factories. Such a program would not require students to be present physically in places of learning but to learn through correspondence via the Internet while going about their own businesses. The insightful leadership of the school’s administrators midwifed a solution to the community problem by retaining workers in the industries and giving them the much-needed knowledge through long distance learning (Caulfield, n.d.). According to the interview with the principal, Western Governor’s University emerged as a non-profit leaning institution that uses online learning services to reach out to students who are far way from the school’s premises. In fact, the univ
Issue The building blocks of a successful global business company starts with a sound strategy, which incorporates structural, leadership and cultural forces the business needs to take into consideration. Good Earth Coffee selected the strategy of franchising for that reason as well as the exceptional marketing and operational structures in place. With this strategy, it has been able to expand its business operations and it is ranked among the best coffee houses in Canada. With this strategy, it plans to diversify its business in Ontario where it expects to succeed. The implementation plan for this strategy allows the business to compete in the global market by producing quality products at low cost hence growing shareholder value (Good earth coffee case study). Achieving the implementation plan takes utilization of critical success factors, as well as knowledge of the plant capacity and production output maximums. Identification of risks associated with the strategy and plans to combat the risks will allow the business to make necessary provision to address the situations when they occur. The success of the strategy will be accomplished through continued evaluation of the plan to make necessary changes to realign the strategy with the businesses vision. Research and Analysis SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is, by definition, a summary of the key issues emanating out of the marketing audit. It is generated from internal debate; it is not just one person’s opinion. The SWOT should provide answers to such questions as:   * What do our customers need?   * How do they buy?   * How well are we meeting our customers’ expectations?   * What are our competitors doing? The SWOT analysis should be interesting to read, contain concise statements, include only the relevant and important data, and give greater emphasis on creative analysis. A crucial role for the management of Good Earth Coffee is to differentiate their company from their competitors. They should be able to identify and pin down the real issues which should be addressed in the future as a matte
Introduction Utilitarianism refers to the idea that the moral of a particular action is determined mainly by its utility in bringing about happiness or pleasure as a summation among all sentient beings. It can therefore be a form of consequentialism. This, therefore, implies that the ethical worth of an action is solely determined by its level of outcome. Utilitarian reasoning is the guiding idea of a person that the worthiness of a moral action relies on its utility to provide happiness to a large number of people. Utilitarian reasoning depends on the theory of utilitarianism that heavily relies on consequentialism as the main approach to making decisions on morals. It states that for an action to be right, it must be able to increase happiness to a very large group of people for a long period of time. When coming up with a moral choice, the theory of utilitarianism requires that a cost-benefit analysis is done with an aim of achieving the highest level of human happiness. This renders that kind of action as being good. One aims at seeking happiness as the main target (Kant, 1993). Deontological reasoning Deontological reasoning is the guiding thought of a person on the necessity and worth of a moral basing on one’s obligations and duties. The reasoning results from the theory of deontological normative that acknowledges moral worth as an attribute of a person’s actions (Brewer, 1998). The moral worth settles on official rules of behavior expected from that very person. Under this theory, it is believed that moral obligation results from the duties of a person irrespective of the practical consequences of the actions from those very duties. With deontological reasoning, one is expected to hold on to his or her responsibilities and duties when evaluating ethical dilemmas (Lyons, 1965). Through upholding duties, one is required to adhere to his or her responsibilities to another to be ethically accepted. The result of applying this theory is the production of consistent decisions simply because it is based on everyone’s set duties. The argument in terms of normative ethics Deontological reasoning is not a very much suitable approach for evaluating moral worth, this is because it does not put into account the idea of rationality. There is a need to have a logical basis when coming up with an individual’s duties which is not very much considered in this kind of approach to moral worthiness (Bentham, 2000). A person’s duties sometimes conflict with deontology reasoning as the approach to evaluating moral worth. It is not concerned about other people’s welfares. This accepts brings about conflicting responsibilities and does not at having clear ethical resolutions. Utilitarian reasoning does not put into consideration that though people use the available life experiences to tell the outcomes, no one can be sure that there will be truths in the predictions made. It does not also consider that people are expected to frequently behave for the benefit of others regardless of the problem that results from an action (Rosen, 2003). Conclusion Utilitarian reasoning can best be used as an argument for
In Juan Rulfo’s short story ‘Talpa’ the Virgin of the Shrine at Talpa is a religious symbol meant to heal the sick and other problems. Nevertheless, much of the story revolves around the sins committed by the narrator and his brother’s wife as well as the negative side of religion. Arguably, the author’s relationship with his brother’s wife, the secret actions between the two and the religious pretence and hypocrisy at the Shrine represent the rot in the society and religion. The scenes of the journey provide evidence that the religious aspect of the sacred shrine play an important role in the lives of the Mexicans. Nevertheless, the religious involvements of the people are questionable. While the reader expects the narrator to emphasize on the concern he had for the wellbeing of Tanilo, he reveals that their intention, though hidden in their minds, was to oversee the death of Tanilo. In addition, the reader would expect the narrator to provide a larger coverage of the scenes at the Shrine, the miracles of the Virgin and evidence of her work. Therefore, it is worth noting that the story is less religious and more of the illicit relationship between the narrator and Natalia. For example, the narrator had a long relationship with Natalia, but his brother’s presence made it difficult. For instance, during the journey to Talpa, the two would leave Tanilo sleeping lonely next to a wood fire and “… take shelter in the… countryside, away from Tanilo’s eyes…” Here, they would make love. “…Natalie would thrust her body not my arms…” (Ruflo 56). In fact, this is a story about sin, evil and the opposite of religion. The narrator introduces the audience to Natalia’s hypocrisy in the first paragraph. Natalia had not been mourning for her husband’s illness and death. For instance, the narrator says “but during those days when we had a lot of things to do….she did not cry” (Ruflo 53). On return to Zezontla after burying Tanilo in Talpa, Natalia started crying when she saw her mother. “She had bottle it up for many days… until she saw her mother… and felt she needed consolation”. In addition, on their way back from Talpa, Natalia “…did not shed a single tear” (Ruflo 54). In fact, this is an indication that she was pretending to mourn, yet she was glad Tanilo had died, giving her freedom to form intimate relationship with the narrator. It is also clear that the narrator and Natalia pretended to help Tanilo reach Talpa, yet they were interested in facilitating a quick and untimely death. The author makes it clear that he and Natalia were guilty of Tanilo’s death. He says, “…we wanted him to die…even before we left Zenzotla…” He also says “…what had happened is that between the two of us… we killed Tanilo Santos… we forced him to walk so he would die” (Ruflo 54) It is worth noting that the sacred elements in the story are relatively few, if any. For instance, the descriptions o
AllSaints is a British fashion brand specialized menswear, womenswear, and fragrances. It was created in 1994 and, since then, the company has grown into a global enterprise with more than 3000 employees working across 28 countries (Business of Fashion, n.d.). The brand has a wide presence in the online sphere and is active on multiple platforms, including Instagram, Youtube, Twitter, and others. Considering a substantial number of AllSaints’ followers, digital audience research can help the brand obtain informative and useful results needed to support and improve its current marketing strategies. Advertising is one of the primary marketing activities, whereas its main purpose of reaching the right audiences by using appropriate messages can often be hard to perform without a proper analysis of customer characteristics. Thus, the goal of the present project is to identify various consumer behaviors to help AllSaints create efficient, targeted advertising campaigns that would be not only appealing to existing customers but also attractive to the new, potential consumers. To achieve this goal, the Behaviors, Emotions, and Moments (BEM) model will be applied. According to Brennan (2017), behaviors imply the demonstration of interest to certain products and product areas. Emotions refer to product relevance, and, lastly, moments are specific environmental triggers making a product relevant (Brennan, 2017). Overall, by analyzing these three aspects of the model separately, it will be possible to form a comprehensive picture of consumer motivation. By evaluating qualitative and quantitative data associated with distinct BEM elements. AllSaints will become able to comprehend consumer characteristics better and obtain valuable information needed to influence their purchasing decisions more effectively through relevant advertising messages. Research Questions In accordance with the introduced BEM model, the three main research questions will aim to explore behaviors, emotions, and moments. The first question is as follows: how many times did users mention the menswear/womenswear product? It is intended to identify the extent of interest to a certain type of products or a single product. The second question reads as follows: what are the users’ emotional responses to the menswear/womenswear product? The answer to it will allow clarifying if customers show particular emotions that would make them more receptive to certain advertising messages (Brennan 2017). Lastly, the question “what makes the menswear/womenswear product relevant to you?” will help investigate a broader context in which consumers wear AllSaints apparel and why they choose to purchase from the brand. Research Methods and Analytic Plans Before describing research methods, it is important to clarify that the search and analysis will be narrowed to the investigation of social media users’ behaviors linked to a few of AllSaints bestsellers/product categories, such as leather jackets, because they reflect the brand’s values and capture consumer interests and preferences best. Moreover, it is suggested that different t
Psychology is the field of knowledge which can be discussed as any other science with references to its specific concepts and methods. The major concepts with which psychologists work in the context of their everyday practice are the scientific method which involves the collection and examination of the definite quantitative and qualitative data and the scientific theory construction. To concentrate on psychology as a science, it is necessary to pay attention to all these aspects which form the fundamental concepts of research methodology in the area of psychology. The science of psychology discusses the peculiarities of the personal mental and emotional processes with references to the individual’s emotional state and behavior. Psychologists focus on the work of the personal mind in order to answer the questions about one’s psychological state and behavior. It is important that “psychologists develop theories and conduct psychological research to answer questions about behavior and mental processes; these answers can impact individuals and society” (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2005, p. 3). Thus, not only internal mental and emotional processes can influence the personal state and behavior but also the external or social effects. As any other science, psychology is based on the research which can make the psychologists’ ideas and proposals about this or that case be scientifically supported and developed. Moreover, the results of the psychological research contribute to the development of the means of prediction, treatment, and alternation of the definite psychological problems or clinical situations (Elmes, Kantowitz, & Roediger, 2011). That is why the scientific method in the psychological research is closely associated with the empirical approach. The scientific method is the way to gain the knowledge about the definite psychological case and develop the necessary study (Shaughnessy et al., 2005). The significant elements of the scientific method are the statement of the certain research question, the proposal of the possible hypothesis, and the development of the research design. The scientific method is based on conducting the required observations and experiments, collecting, and analyzing the data. The hypothesis can be proved or not by the results of the research. From this point, it is necessary to distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data used during the research. These two types of data are equally influential for presenting the full picture of the definite psychological case or conducting an investigation. The quantitative data are provided in the form of numbers and used to present the information about the frequency, duration, stability of the definite processes. The statistical information which is used for the research is also
Sunshine Enterprises Case Study Cause and effect diagram A restaurant like Sunshine Enterprises is dedicated to providing explicit services to its worthy clients, and any discrepancy that would put this mission in jeopardy must be tackled with a lot of precision and expertise. Complaints from clients are addressed comprehensively inconsiderate of their magnitude. This is done in a bid to enhance much-needed customer satisfaction. In the case of Sunshine Enterprises, a client complained of an additional tip that was included in his bill without his consent. The $25 tip upset is most definitely human-instigated, and the manager must evaluate the root cause of the problem and find a rational way of fixing it. Additionally, it is the manager’s obligation to device long term strategies to evade such occurrences in the future. There are quite a several possible causes of the discrepancy. According to my opinion, the customer’s handwriting was the cause of the misunderstanding. As a result of its illegibility, the waiter who made the transaction details could not determine the value of the tip. However, there are minor assumptions that could also have resulted in the error. For instance, the waiter failed to clarify the digits from the customer. He then went ahead and entered $25 as the tip amount, which was not the intended bi