ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The poems “The Raven” and “The Road Not Taken” by Edgar Allen Poe and Robert Frost are masterpieces of American and world literature written in 1845 and 1916, respectively. The first mentioned text tells a story about a mourner talking to the raven to find answers to the questions that worry him. The poem impugns the immortality of the soul, and this makes it revolutionary by the standards of that time. “The Road Not Taken” depicts the challenges faced by any individual who must make a choice. The narrator stands at the fork and thinks on which road to take. Eventually, he decided to go on a less popular path. From first sight, it seems that the poems do not have much in common. Nevertheless, analyzing “The Raven” and “The Road Not Taken” demonstrates similarities and differences simultaneously; for instance, they share the topic of relations between nature and a human being as well as the issues of decision-making and rationality but consider them from different perspectives. The current essay examines how the previously mentioned topics were reflected in the poems of Poe and Frost. The first issue addressed by both poems is one of the connections between man and nature. Through interaction with animals or woods, the narrators comprehend inner worries, doubts, fears, desires, and hopes. Besides, in both poems, nature is used as a metaphor. From reading the texts, it becomes evident that the protagonists are alone, and communication with nature happens only in their minds, not in reality. The principal character of Poe’s poem converses with the raven, who finally informs him that he would never see his beloved Lenore again (Poe 15). This dialogue with a bird looks like an attempt of the narrator to persuade himself that she is gone, and he must keep on living alone. Frost tells a story about the choice that should be made because the process of the narrator’s standing at the fork reveals that he fears to take a wrong decision (Frost 9). In both cases, nature reflects the emotions and thoughts of the protagonists and could be viewed as an inner dialogue conducted with the attempt to learn yourself. The second topic that unites both works of literature is the issue of decision-making. The common ground is that both main characters think about their present and future and try to unders
Introduction Within the past 3 centuries humanity has been responsible for the near extinction of several species such as the blue fin tuna, whales, leopards, cheetahs, tigers, rhinos, elephants and a variety other animals too numerous name due to what can only be described as a systematized butchering of a vast swath of the animal kingdom. In fact, dozens of animal species at the present can be placed on the endangered species list not out of them being hunted by humans but as a direct result of their local habitats being systematically affected by continued human expansion and the subsequent effect industrial pollutants have had on Earth’s closed off ecosystem. For example, the Florida Everglades have been decreasing rapidly as a result of the unmitigated consumption of its fresh water system by the nearby cities as well as the fact that the continued construction of apartment buildings has continued to decrease the landmass of the Everglades by almost several dozen hectares a year. Coral reefs have been on the decline as result of higher water temperatures caused by global warming which has in effect robbed thousands of species of their habitats underwater. Last but not least, the unabated release of fossil fuels into the Earth’s atmosphere has in effect caused a systematic increase in global temperatures which has lead to the melting of the polar ice caps causing a rise in sea levels which has offset the delicate balance of several ecosystems around the world. Of particular interest is the impact the current trend in global warming has had on species within the Arctic since many of the inhabitants of this vast icy wasteland depend on the ice flows as a means of breeding, escape, hunting, foraging and a vast array of activities which animals in their natural habitat do on a daily basis. Based on the various pieces of data that has been presented so far, it is evident that any dramatic changes within a particular ecosystem can and often will have an adverse effect on the species living within it (Tucker, 7 – 8). The Arctic in particular with its vast ice sheets can be considered one of the most vulnerable areas in the world since with the current trend in increasing global temperature ranges especially when taking into consideration the combined effect of both the pollutants in the air as well as the sun entering its “active phase” after nearly a decade of dormancy this means that this upcoming new “phase” in Earth’s environment will definitely cause polar ice cap melting on an unprecedented scale (International Business, 9) Taking all these factors into consideration the purpose of this paper is determine whether human activity could possibly lead to the extinction of several species within the arctic or if their subsequent population declines are a result of other external factors. Human activity has been shown to adversely affect ecosystems in the past and as such it is likely that it will cause the extinction of numerous species within the arctic if it continues unabated. Declining Population of Polar Bears A vast majority of the current polar bear population is on the decline with 8 of the recognize
Executive Summary The paper analyses Best Food Superstores with the aim of investigating some of the major complaints brought forth by its loyal customers. The organization has been charging its customers higher prices deliberately. Also, the organization is characterized by poor customer care services as employees are disrespectful and less knowledgeable about the store’s overcharging policy. The marketing mix adopted by the store is the major cause of these complaints. It has been recommended that the organization should train its employees on customer care services, time management, loyalty, moral ethics, and being respectful. It has also been suggested that the organization should adopt a modern information system that will allow for a networking of the stores. This would ensure that the prices are updated on a regular basis. The organization should reorganize its marketing mix and solve any existing flaws. Adoption of these strategies would reduce the complaints, increase customer trust, loyalty, and customer Background Best Food Superstores is comprised of grocery chains stores that operate under the retail industry. Based on the case study, the retail stores operate in a competitive market although it seems that the company is more dominant than its competitors. The report is an effort to undertake a situational and alternative analysis to address some of the management and customer care related operational issues filed by its loyal customers. Statement of Problem(s) or Issue(s) One of the Best Food stores has been overcharging its customers deliberately on several occasions. Consequently Brenda, a customer at the store, has been forced to write to write a complaint letter to the president of the chain stores. On one occasion, Brenda was “overch
The compromise of 1850 represents a package of five different bills that were enacted in September of 1850 in the United States of America. Though established with the main intention of keeping the country together and avoiding the possibility of confrontations as much as possible, this package was one of the major activities the hat propelled the onset of the American Civil War in the year 1961 (Russel 293). Henry Clay brought the bill to the floor of the Senate. He received support from other Republican representatives, like Daniel Webster. Unlikely democrat support came from Senator Stephen Douglas, leading to its approval. The bill aimed at salvaging the Union by reaching an agreement regarding slavery in the South (Russel 294). Contentious Issues Resulting in the Compromise Several issues of contention necessitated the drafting of the compromise. The major issue that necessitated the drafting of the compromise was the US-Mexican War. This war resulted in the United States acquiring big territories of California and New Mexico Utah (Hamilton 580). Concerns arose about whether to allow these territories into the Union as slave states or free states, as the Wilmot Proviso Bill of 1846 did not succeed in stopping slavery within the territories that won during the war. The state of Texas wanted to acquire the north Missouri area with the aim of extending the slave trade. It also wanted to acquire the New Mexico area for the same purpose. The Republicans were pushing for the stoppage of the slave trade in Washington, D.C. (Russel 295). There was a polarized debate about the treatment of the blacks as slaves, which divided the states in the north and the states in the south. The states in the south had the fear that allowing new free states to join the Union would disrupt their freedom to trade in slaves. The opposition reached the extent of the states in the south, refusing the fugitive slaves from coming back. This polarization resulted in the Louisiana Purchase, which occurred back in 1803. Allowing the free states to the Union was deemed as a call for cessation and warfare. Therefore, there were only two options; to reach a form of compromise between the southern and the northern states or to allow the South to secede from the Union (Hamilton 590). Lastly, the compromise was necessitated by extensive population growth and the gold rush, which attracted multitudes of people to California. The California Convention agreed to ban slavery and the slave trade in its jurisdiction after meeting in 1849. It also asked the US government to allow California to become a member of the Union on the status of a free state. However, the Missouri Compromise would be violated if California was to be accepted as a member of the Union (Russel 301). The request by the California territory on December 3, 1849,
The story of Bartleby is about an individual who enters the life of the author and brings with him a totally different aspect of life altogether that is difficult to comprehend due to his restrained nature. In this paper, we will assume that this is a story about love. We will see that the author was in love with the attitudes as well as the decisions of individuals such that he was unable to act on some of their actions however rash and jeopardizing they were to his work. With the assumption that the story of “Bartleby the Scrivener” is a love story, it can be presumed that the author has taken a certain fascination that is in actual sense bordering on infatuation with the manner in which Bartleby holds his stance of polite “defiance”. He also portrays a certain liking to all his employees despite their erratic nature. For instance, when Turkey moistened a ginger cake in his lips and used it as a seal on a mortgage paper and the author came to within inches of firing him. Turkey was able to wiggle out of the predicament by offering an oriental bow and stating “with submission sir, it was generous of me to find you in stationery on my own account” (Melville, 10). This simple gesture touched the author’s heart thus forgiving Turkey. When Bartleby first reports to work, the author viewed him as a contrast to the employees he has in the office because of their eccentric mood swings that keep changing with the time of day. He perceives Bartleby as a normal person who may bring back a sense of norm to the daily mood swings of his other employees. This aspect of fascination can be seen in certain instances whereby the author decides to confront Bartleby in the setting of the office when Bartleby retorts to him after being requested to help in comparing some brief documents. Bartleby said “I would prefer not to.” Under normal circumstances, this is asking for trouble in an office and it is tantamount to insubordination. But the author lets it slide and carries on with his job, deciding to let the matter go and reserving it for another time. This is because it was something new and he was amazed by the actions of Bartleby. In yet another instance, the author had called all the employees to gather their resources and examine four extensive documents that Bartleby had written. All the employees were there except Bartleby, who in his normally candid manner replied “I would prefer not to”. The author states that were it
Introduction Any research work requires thorough preparation and necessitates the analysis of reliable sources. Scholarly articles and academic books are viewed as the most relevant sources to consult when writing a research paper. However, there is a variety of traditional and non-traditional avenues one may take when looking for materials. Such approaches may include digital databases, quantitative sources, and even works of fiction, including films. The division of resources into primary and secondary is needed when choosing which of them to include in one’s analysis. 1 Upon finding sources, it is crucial to analyze and arrange them, and finally, present them in a coherent form for the audience to read. 2 The present paper will focus on considering the value and reliability of such resources as a movie and statistical data. Saving Private Ryan Spielberg’s movie Saving Private Ryan is considered one of the best and most accurate portrayals of World War II. The film is set during the Invasion of Normandy of 1944. 3 The movie starts with an impressive depiction of the Omaha Beach assault. The main theme in Saving Private Ryan is the search of a soldier whose three brothers died at war. The government has granted relief to Private Ryan and wanted to send him home to his mother. However, before saving Private Ryan, the squad under the command of Captain John H. Miller has to undergo many difficulties to find the young man. Eventually, Ryan is saved, but Miller and most of the squad members die. The film has several major assets that make it possible to use it as a source for research. First of all, the scenes of battles are depicted with extreme care to detail. The first scene that lasts over twenty minutes shows the tragedy of the war as it was, with minute elements described and all the agony of soldiers revealed. Secondly, the film director has recreated the clothes, machinery, and weapons of wartime so that the audience could get acquainted with them. Thirdly, Saving Private Ryan grants a possibility to analyze the relationships among soldiers of the same and opposing armies, as well as their commanders and the government’s attitude to soldiers’ families. Many facts shown in the film are true, and it may serve as a source for finding out about the war and the people, directly and indirectly, involved in it. It is not possible to say that the movie’s context is biased. However, it is important to note that it is focused on the US army. Thus, Germans are depicted as enemies, and som
Abstract The problem of cell phones in public schools generates much criticism. The goal of this paper is to decide whether cell phones should be allowed in Massachusetts high schools. A detailed literature review is performed. The following themes are included: the patterns of cell phone use in public schools; the benefits and drawbacks of using cell phones in class; the Massachusetts cell phone policy; and possible methods to solve the problem. Use of Cell Phones in Public Schools and Should Cell Phones Be Allowed in Public Schools The growing pace of technological advancement impacts all spheres of public and private life. The system of public education is not an exception to this rule. Thousands of schoolchildren have cell phones and use them on a daily basis. At the same time, teachers and school administrators devise new strategies to prohibit the use of cell phones in class. Present-day teachers claim that the use of cell phones in the classroom distracts students from learning (Humble-Thaden, 2011). This is why, in most U.S. public schools, including those in Massachusetts, the use of cell phones is strictly prohibited. Meanwhile, many other schools and education professionals propose new strategies to turn cell phones into a driver of productive learning. Some teachers even suggest that cell phones could potentially replace computers and reduce inequality in computer access and use across various student groups (Watters, 2012). Still, the problem of cell phone use in public schools continues to persist. While states enact policies to prohibit the use of cell phones by students, the latter express their indignation with the restrictions placed on their communication freedoms in the classroom
Introduction Bulimia is an eating disorder which is portrayed by binging on food and subsequently vomiting in several attempts of purging. “removal of nutrients in form of purging entails forced vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting to shed weight that could have been put on from binging and eating food. Bulimia is mainly widespread amongst adolescents and young adult women” (Parker 2). Persons with bulimia will have normal weight or near-standard weight. “People with bulimia are often characterized with feelings of guilt over their behavior and a feeling of loss of control over their consumption” (Parker 2). This paper is therefore an analysis of the causes of bulimia and its treatment or management. In the paper, a case study done on bulimia will also be discussed. Causes of bulimia The exact causes of bulimia are not established but several factors are capable of influencing its occurrence (Parker, 2).   * Genetics and family influences. Studies indicate that bulimia mostly occurs in relatives of persons who have had cases of bulimia than in those who have not.   * According to researchers, altered levels of serotonin which is a chemical in the brain can cause bulimia.   * Cultural factors to a great extent affect eating disorders particularly in contemporary society’s where people emphasize a degree of thinness, therefore, influencing people’s acceptance of self. Symptoms   * “Eating large quantities of food frequently in a short period could be in less than 2 hours” (Grohol, 1).   * “Purging (eliminating the calories one has eaten) by excessive exercise, forced vomiting, fasting, abusing laxatives or enemas” (Grohol, 1).   * Cases of binge-purge cycles   * Building self-worth and self-esteem on weight and body shape.   * Being afraid and feeling guilty of eating too much and fear of gaining weight, Treatment Management of bulimia is pegged on behavioral therapy and counseling. Eating disorders are more often than not founded on self-perception and self-esteem. Other therapies are also pegged on emotional grounds like support groups and family support as well as self-acceptance. In this case, dialectical cognitive behavior therapy is used for Bulimia Nervosa. Case study The study entailed Thirty women aged between 18 and 65 years being signed up using an advert in the newspapers and clinic referrals. On average each of them had at least one purge/binge a week for the pr
The simplest way to define Modern English is to say that it is the third stage of the language’s history beginning after 1450. The first two were the Old English and the Middle Ages English. Nevertheless, such time-ordered division is partly schematic since the era of Modern English itself is divided into two stages, Early Modern English (from 1450 to 1700) and Modern English (from 1700 to nowadays). Linguists more often uphold the idea that because of global usage of the language, there is a third stage in the development of Modern English referred to as World English or simply Late Modern English starting after 1945 (Davies, 2005). During the era of Early Modern English, there was a great upgrowth of science, medicine, arts and theology in Europe. What is more, during the same period in history European countries initiated colonial expansion policies towards Americas, Asia and Africa, and England was not an exception to this trend in foreign policy changes. Such a burst in the development of arts and sciences together with colonization resulted in a drastic increase in the English lexicon mainly be means of borrowing words from foreign languages. There were two sources of word-loans – European languages (Latin, French, German, Greek, Italian, Dutch, etc.) and Non-European languages (Indian, Arabic, Malay, Japanese, Turkish, Persian, Sri-Lankan, and languages of African and North American tribes) (Barber, 2006). What is also significant about this stage of development of the English language is the life of William Caxton, a man who in 1476 founded the first printing press in London ( History: William Caxton , 2014, para. 3). The underlying reason for the distinction of era Modern English starting from the 18 th century is the introduction of printed books on grammar and dictionaries of the English language. Among those, one can mention Lowth’s Short Introduction to English Grammar (1762), Murray’s English Grammar (1794), Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language (1755) and Webster’s American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). What is also significant about this period is introducing compulsory education in English in 1870 and expansion of British colonialism so in many colonies, English was also endorsed as the official language (Davies, 2005). With the burst of development in entertaining industry, the English language has become the language of the mass media, film and popular music. And with shifts in the international system initiated by the World Wars, it has become the language of international organizations and international agreements. It is the above-mentioned changes in the international system that caused the rise of the English language, and so some linguists separate one more stage of development of the English language, Late Modern English or simply World English. It starts in 1945 with the founding of the United Nations Organization after the World War II. Being one of the organization’s official langua
Introduction: When the Pressure Is too High Ethics is definitely not the first thing that comes to one’s mind when it comes to talking about engineering. The latter will be related rather to the progress, the scientific potential and the world development. However, in the daily routine of engineering, ethics plays a considerable part, which the recent event proves, making it a case for another discussion of the importance of ethics in engineering. According to the National Society of Professional Engineers, one of the key concerns of the latter must be the well-being of people and the environment in relation to the engineers’ work. However, the case which occurred in 2008 challenged the principles of engineering ethics, posing a threat to the entire humankind with the “robot weapons” (Dean, 2008) and human-induced climate change. The World Safety and an Individual: Depending on a Nanoflake Despite the fact that at present, the researches on the issue of nanoflakes, which is bound to trigger the production of robotic machines which can presumably have their own AI, has become considerably less sensational, the concern for the changes which the use of nanoflakes is going to bring is still huge. As Dean (2008) claims, “It leaves the door open for people to do something that is going to cause long-term problems.” Indeed, without knowing well what effect the use of this or that strategy is going to have, one is highly likely to make a mistake that will change the life of every individual, making each feel that their life is highly dependable on every step of the engineers. The World Safety and the Company: Engineering Wisely It is obvious that making an individual’s safety unstable, the given aspect of engineering ethics also poses a considerable threat to the entire world. Once the projects get out of hand, the effects are going to be drastic. The World Safety and the Society: The Word on the Street In addition, the lack of stability within the country will lead to an unstable society. Los