ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Dilemma especially personal dilemmas emanate from the conflict between the individual’s conviction of rightness or wrongness and the legal, professional or societal stipulation of the same notion of rightness or wrongness. This is then determined by the individual’s interpretation of goodness or badness. Moral rules and guidelines are mainly universal while laws governing states are peculiar and range from one state to the other. The nature of dilemma facing me as an investigator is of the employment of the moral, personal, and psychological guidelines instilled in me as an individual versus what is stipulated by the police department, where I work as a law enforcer thus professional ethics (Pitman, 2004, p6). The dilemma I am faced with is whether to accept gratuity extended to me by a restaurant cashier who does not want me to pay after realizing I am a law enforcer. However, my department is against accepting such generous gifts and acts as it will interfere with the process of conducting my duty. People who are generous to the police will expect favours in return. This will subject an officer to turn a blind eye when such people break the law and thus the law enforcer’s mandate and requirement to execute the tasks with optimal objectivity will have been interfered with. Having been raised in a society, I was taught not to turn down generous offers like the one extended by the cashier and in return, I should be appreciative by saying thanks. However, my work ethics will portray this as an act encouraging corruption. Applying the utilitarian method in ethics, which state that an ethical act is judged by its result, I was tempted to accept the gratuity. First, I had not asked or demanded the favour; two, it was the restaurant’s policy that law enforcers should not pay; Three, I did not show off as a law enforcer and my identity was revealed circumstantially; Four, my personal beliefs and ethics and that of my society was for me to accept such gratuity, and finally, such of
Material management Consistent movements of materials enable a company to operate smoothly. An organization must procure materials efficiently to ensure they reach the customer on time. The process of procurement and supply involves planning, scheduling, and control. This prevents production shortages, shipping errors, and receiving errors, leading to unnecessary inventory adjustments. Material managers manage these processes to ensure organizations are running smoothly. Material managers are essential to the operation and success of an organization. An organizations’ size determines the procurement and supply functions. There is increasing evidence that information technology benefits business strategies (Ajhvan, 2004). Material managers must integrate information technology into their operating systems to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Importance of material management A single individual heads the material management department. The individual is accountable for the department’s operations. Centralization of authority increases responsibility in the department. Material management results in better accountability during production processes, as the movement of materials, is controlled and documented. This increases coordination between departments through official communication. (Chitale & Gupta, 2006). A material manager must interact with the sales and marketing department to understand the market forecasts for the company’s products. With accurate data, material managers achieve all shipments and revenue targets. The material manager must procure quality materials for the organization through proper vetting of all suppliers. Quality products increase customer satisfaction leading to better organization performance (Chitale & Gupta, 2006). Functions of material management Materials management departments acquire materials necessary for their organizations. They control the material’s movement along the supply chain. The departments must accomplish this function through integrated management systems and planning. They must ascertain the materials required by the company. A material manager must communicate and l
Introduction The accuracy and validity of business transactions are ensured by the internal controls which companies implement in their accounting and reporting systems. Internal controls are considered as a system within a system however they are crucial for the integrity of the overall accounting system and ensure that system abuse and fraud can be avoided. It is therefore imperative for the accounting systems to be designed in such a manner that they meet the needs of the organizations and assist them in managing their accounts and at the same time allow checks and balances over different transactions made through the system. In this paper the role of accounting internal controls is discussed and its importance is assessed for addressing issues related to the management of companies most liquid asset i.e. cash. Main body Cash is considered to the most liquid asset of any company and is easily transferable therefore it is more susceptible to manipulation and misappropriation (Eisen, 2000). Usually companies do not maintain large quantities of cash within organizations but it really depends on the type of business and business transactions which are taken place. For example, a retailer would be holding larger sums of cash as compared to a manufacturing firm. Cash is maintained and reported in bank account or as petty cash. Various companies’ transactions affect directly cash balances in both these accounts and different transaction risks could be identified which are associated with receipts and withdrawals of cash. The accounting system relevant to management of cash involves two processes which are check posting and vouchering. It is important to understand these processes and identify the internal controls which should be implemented for ensuring that correct amounts are debited from the cash balance. Voucher system involves preparation of a voucher which is a document which contains instructions regarding the recognition and payment of an obligation (Eisen, 2000). Every business transaction which requires payment of cash requires a voucher to be created which is stored in the voucher ledger. The segregation of responsibilities for creating vouchers and authorizing the content of these vouchers is important. The voucher system allows control over expenditures and subsequent payments. The voucher register is maintained to record all business transactions which would eventually require payment of cash through checks or debit to petty cash. Every voucher has a corresponding entry in checkbooks or petty cash register. Details of each transaction entered in the voucher register require to be matched with check register maintained. In businesses where cash is received or paid over the counter for different types of business transactions the need for strict controls is imperative and reconciliation of cash register at the end of shift and handover to the staff from the next shift. In addition to t
Defining standby power Standby power is the power consumed when most of the electrical products are switched off. Unknown to most consumers, most electrical products consume power when switched off unless the power cable is unplugged from the power supply. Therefore, in most households in the developed world power is consumed round the clock. Research shows that between the years 2011 and 2012, domestic power consumption was second after industrial consumption as shown in the diagram below ( World population balance, 2013). Standby power consumption Although a single electronic device consumes an insignificant amount of power on standby mode, many devices will consume a significant amount. In a normal American household, more than 20 electric devices can be found ( World population balance, 2013). These include a refrigerator, a microwave, oven, a television set, a DVD player, a radio, among other gadgets considered to be necessities. This is not the case in the developing world like India. This is why America is the greatest power consumer in the entire world. Standby power is still a concern in modern societies which impedes efficient energy consumption. Standby power is a problem in the modern society Effective consumption is threatened by the current modernization in emerging countries due to technological improvements. Many electronic gadgets are being introduced in the market and some have almost become basic requirements. Take for instance the use of computers in the modern world. Almost every household owns a computer or two in Canada. This further increases the consumption of standby power. Technology has changed the kitchen as we knew it and nowadays most of the things that were done manually can be done with an electric gadget. The challenge is that most of these products are regularly used so most people find it tiresome to plug in and out whenever they need to use them. This increases the number of electrical gadgets on standby hence increasing the power consumed in standby mode in a single household. How to address the issue of standby power To address the issue of standby power consumption, the national committee should consider a sensitization campaign. The power used in standby mode is vaguely known to many people. This is the easiest way of reducing the amount of energy wasted on standby mode. The public should be sensitized and informed of the amount of power they pay for while their gadgets are off. In addition to encouraging the public to unplug their electronics when they are not in use, the prices of gadgets that lessen the amount of electricity used should be reduced. There are surge-protected appliances that automatically go off when the electronics connected to them are switched off. Such products should be made available at fair prices to the public. This can significantly reduce the amount of wasted power on standby. Defining an ecosystem An ecosystem is generally defined as a community of living organisms and non-living components and how they interact as a system (Whitman, 2008). For instance, a river ecosystem is characterized by several factors. This stu
This paper is intended to contemplate and analyze two types of goals between men and women in ministry. The research is based on primary data election supported by literature review. These types of research are usually used to collect the necessary and variegated information on the topic of a study and allow for a better understanding of the situation under discussion and proper conclusions to be made in its end. It is understandable that the researcher is supposed to appear unbiased when commenting and analyzing the data otherwise the research results will appear invalid or inaccurate. As well, it is important to consider the secondary sources as well – for them to be serious books, articles or papers (they can be found both in libraries and on the Internet in the web-document form) but their validity and quality are the necessary and required characteristic. In order to offer examples of both of the research types, the example of the research will be simulated in this paper. The main goal of this paper is to contemplate the issue of gender differences in religious education connected with and resulting from organizational communication at different levels at companies. The examination of specific scholarly works will allow a deeper understanding of the problem and at least theoretical backgrounds for its possible solutions. It is fair to admit that this question is a very serious one and statistics state that nowadays more and more people suffer at their workplace. They may tend to strive for showing their worth and setting at stake their time and life. So, it is evident that different goals in ministry are a serious issue for many seminaries– almost for all of them. And insofar as personal goals are the topic for discussion, it is necessary to define them. It is characterized by lack of motivation and emotional exhaustion. Previously scholars tended to believe that low motivation is the condition from which only suffer those clergy who work with people. But lately it has been proved that any employee working in any field may become the victim of this stressful condition. It is understandable that any job may become stressful at some point, and it is known that work may make people happy if they enjoy it, and otherwise may make them ill if they are not satisfied with something at their workplace. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. As for the primary research, as it has been mentioned above, it lies in conducting surveys (interviews or questionnaires) which are expected to offer the researcher an insider perspective of the situation under the study. For instance, and depending on the goal of the surveys, the researcher interviewed the participants of the acquisition in order to understand the core of the issue. “The questionnaire’s length (it was 12 pages long, and required at least half an hour to fill out — often longer) was given as the major reason for nonresponse, since students were in the middle of a semester and had little extra time” (Finlay 1995, p. 94). The research finds
According to White, some aspects of our lives are not in our control. He gives some examples of aspects of our lives that we can control which include our opinions, our impulses, and our ambitions and aversions. Some other aspects according to White are not under our control and they include our bodies, our possessions, our reputations, and our public offices. In summary, things that are provided by nature freely and are not limited to us are the things that are in our control. However, those that are not in our control are weak, limited, and to some extended hindered and they do not belong to us. The author attributes some of the human suffering to the state of mind. He argues that people who have a mindset that what does not belong to them is actually theirs they live miserable lives. He says that this mindset gives one a wrong perception of the real world. For humans to enjoy and live peaceful live, the author suggests that humans should live and accept life as it is. Believe what is not yours actually does not belong to you and being contented with what is yours. People blame nature and he gods when they cannot get what they assume or think belongs to them. To be at peace with one’s self is to know that what does not belong to you is not yours and that way you people will not have to quarrel over issues in life. According to the author, one will not have enemies and have to do things unwillingly. Achieving great goals comes with great sacrifices and for a person to succeed in achieving them, he or she must let some things go. There has to be a change of schedules and plans to accommodate the new strategy in order to succeed and this may involve postponing some current ambitions. Everything that happens has a price that goes along with it. It is greedy and unjust for anyone to desire or pursue goals and he does not want to pay the prices his achievement is bought. The author shows a great relationship between nature and physical achievement, which is the essence of cosmology. The author argues that there is nothing in the world that happens that can be termed as bad. They all happen to influence some other events to take place. People must look always at the events that lead to the occurrence of an action rather than the action itself. Discipline according to the author is all about doing the right thing considering how it would feel if the same thing were done to you. Having strict routines and sticking to them is beneficial and helps one to achieve his or her goals. Nature has a way of shaping us and being a jack-of-all-trades gives no satisfac
Summary In the context of present-day developments, the field of nutrition and dieting is actively developing, and supplying people with relevant advice in this regard is being constantly published. Modern people are engaged in examining the food they eat and adhering to healthier options, which allow them to keep fit. A high-protein diet has obtained popularity among a vast category of people, who control their diet, as it allows them to lose weight effectively during a relatively short period. Recent researches on this topic assume that this type of nutrition may be harmful in the context of health condition for the general population in the long run, though it is still recommended for athletes. Therefore, the necessity to conduct research on the issue of harmfulness and usefulness of a high-protein diet for female and male people, who are engaged in sports activities professionally, is evident. Methodology Thus, the sample population should involve both female and male resistance-trained adults, who adhered to a high-protein diet for a year. They should not have chronic diseases, which may influence their digestive system and shape dietary recommendations significantly. In addition, the participants should stick to considerable physical activity on a regular basis. The independent variable for this study implies the fact that some studies prove the negative consequences of adhering to a high-protein diet regularly by sportsmen (Antonio, 2019). They reveal some problems with kidney operation, which are associated with the impact of this kind of nutrition (Antonio, 2019). Moreover, microbial diversity reduction has been noted in some cases, as well as individual outcomes (Antonio, 2019). However, some experiments did not mention any negative consequences of high-protein diet adherence by sportsmen. Their health state should be evaluated comprehensively before experiments. After the experiment, their health state should be compared to the evaluation conducted earlier, using the same indicators. A significant amount of attention should be drawn to kidney operation, as there are assumptions that it is extremely vulnerable to this type of nutrition. Microbial diversity should be examined as well, as it is also supposed to be sensitive to high-protein intake. In addition, other possible negative impacts should be taken into consideration. Therefore, the major method for revealing the consequences of this diet implies comparing the evaluation results before and after a year of sticking to a high-protein intake. The data should be examined, including individual factors, and the average outcome of all the participants should be presented. In case a significant number of participants are registered with health state deterioration, the harmful impact of a high-protein diet on sportsmen will be admitted. Rationale The impact of high-protein diets on athletes is important to study due to several substantial reasons. These days, nutrition problems appear to be an extremely hot button, and almost every individual encounters the necessity to stick to a particular diet or restrict food consumption to some extent. A gr
Effective Change Management The business world is not static. New ideas are developed each day while people’s tastes and preferences also keep on changing. Consequently, each firm is faced with an imminent need for continuous change. This change may include changing the technology used in production or the equipments used. However, for change to be complete manpower must be involved in the change. This is because it is people who run every single aspect of any organization. Unfortunately, not every person is willing to accept change. Because some institutions have tried to change but ended up with catastrophic results, models of effective change management have been developed. When any process of change follows these models, the process of change becomes smooth and leads to positive results. Nevertheless, the process of change can become very difficult to implement if the model is not correctly applied. Consequently, any firm should consider the models of effective change management for positive results. It should be noted that change is a process and not something that can take place in one day. Somebody cannot wake up one morn
The article by Beninger and Ibara (2016) advocates for improvement in pharmacovigilance with the integration of biomedical informatics advancements. The research practice had evolved since 1961 when the thalidomide strategy was adopted. In addition, the collaborative efforts seen between individuals and organizations have supported the establishment of the agendas. The analysis of the study makes it possible to assess the measures taken to enhance the role of biomedical informatics in healthcare. Beninger and Ibara (2016) define pharmacovigilance as the science and associated activities in the assessment, recognition, comprehension, and avoidance of adverse effects relating to drugs. The review aims to establish a new perspective of the concept, particularly from the lens of biomedical informatics. Luo et al. (2017) note that there have been numerous vital developments in this field. However, studying the basis for the growth of knowledge in this discipline may be of good use to the medical community. The research in question illuminates the implications pharmacovigilance has on biomedical informatics. According to Beninger and Ibara (2016), the field has contributed to significant infrastructural advancement since its inception. However, as Hauben et al. (2018) note, the critical systematic assessment of the influence of biomedical informatics on promoting pharmacovigilance remains unexplored. Rapid developments pose a challenge in integrating technology to enhance the safety of information transmitted across different platforms. Therefore, the authors advocate for the rethinking of the integration of technology (Beninger & Ibara, 2016). The main purpose of this solution is to maximize gains in pharmacovigilance. Biomedical informatics has been pivotal in advancing infrastructural gains in pharmacovigilance. Although the pace is accelerating with time, the anticipated integration of concepts between the two areas remains low. Beninger and Ibara (2016) suggest that those in the field should recognize the changes and take necessary measures to leap maximum merits. Additionally, since the information comes from diverse sources, professionals should adopt structures for consolidating the improvements.