ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The dry market freight indences are the transportation of goods from one place to another by road, ship, air is freight. The dry market freight indences mean goods transported in bulk for larger use of a region, countries situated widespread throughout the globe. As the human population increases the demand for food, housing, clothes, daily use items, industries, mines, all useful items for human use are in demand according to the population, area, development and nature of the countries situated in various parts of the world. The demand and supply chain is fulfilled by transportation of goods to respective destinations. The freight market is connected with several factors, such as politics of the areas, weather, catastrophe, and wars. The basics demands driven by commodities and understanding major commodities being transported around the globe and its market is of vital importance in analyzing the freight markets. (Alizadeh & Koekebakker 2007) There are three factors which takes control the freight market:  1. The first factor is FLEET SUPPLY (TRANSPORTING SHIPS) —There are different types of ships available to transport the goods. The Ships delivered from the ship yards.The number of ships which are scraped due to lost of sea worthiness. The routes where ships are taking. The distance difference affects the quantity of ships available.  2. The second factor is TRADE DEMAND; demand for freight, is the trade demand increasing or declining? The countries economies are healthy or sick. Is the recession a key factor? The freight market is directly related to a country’s Industrial growth and food production is the grain produced by the country is in abundance, and is capable of exporting surplus grain produced inside the country. If there is surplus grain then grain export is most possible commodity. The industries are generating commodities which are in surplus after supplying to the local demands or the technological advanced factors creates machineries and commodities which are in demand in other countries. These machinery commodities can also be exported to various countries.  3. The third factor is MARKET SEGMENT, The demand of goods side of forty to fifty percent is known in a timely manner. The market opinion will have a great impact on the things, just as much as the underlying demand and supply chain. (Collins 2006) The dry bulk market has weakened recently due to global melt down and recession worldwide. The Dry bulk market demand has f
Introduction Human behavior is thought to arise from certain compulsions, be they internal or external; these forces that drive people to do certain things and to do them in certain ways are called motivation. In human resource management, the ability of a manager to recognize what motivates employees to tap into these impulsions so as to direct their behaviors in order to achieve certain desirable outcomes is very essential. The focus of this paper is on motivation in general and specifically in one organization, the Standard chartered bank. Rationale for study To start with, the choice of this topic was informed by the obvious need for organizations to establish if there is evidence supporting the notion that employee motivation translates to high employee retention rates so as to enable a cost benefit analysis of employee motivation programs. Secondly, this study will facilitate identification of motivation strategies that are most effective in promoting employee motivation at Standard Chartered Bank. Lastly, this study will inform if there is need to implement the current motivation strategies being used by the HR department based on their effectiveness by assessing the current level of motivation and the resultant employee retention rates within Standard chartered bank. Objectives 1. To determine the efficacy of motivation strategies used by the Standard Chartered Bank’s HR on the organizations employees. 2. To establish if there exists a correlation between the motivation level of the employees and the organization’s employee retention rates. 3. To determine the level of individual motivation among employees at Standard Chartered Bank. Literature review List of sources Beecham, Sarah. et al. “Motivation in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review.” Information and Software Technology 50 (2008): 860–878. Print. Forno, Arianna. and Merlone, Ugo. “Incentives and individual motivation in supervised work groups.” European Journal of Operational Research 207 (2010): 878–885. Print. Grant, Adam. et al. “Impact and the Art of Motivation Maintenance: The Effects of Contact with Beneficiaries on Persistence Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 103 (2007): 53–67. Print. Leete, Laura. “Wage Equity and Employee Motivation in Nonprofit and For-Profit Organizations.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 43 (2000): 423–446. Print. Mak, Brenda. and Sockel, Hy. “A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of IS Employee Motivation and Retention.” Information & Management 38 (2001): 265-276. Forno and Merlone (878) in their study regret the almost complete disregard of individual motivation in the study of organizational economics which clearly shows the timeliness of this particular study. This source is important as it hi
eBay’s international and national strategies eBay was established in the early 1990s, and it quickly developed into a global company. By the late 1990s, it had found more than 24 companies spread out in more than 29 countries across the world. Its strategy of purchasing local companies in target countries as a measure of the quick establishment made it thrive in the European and the American markets. This strategy made it minimize expenses such as advertisements as the locals knew the companies’ eBay purchased (The Global Business Environment par. 3). The company used myriads of acquisition strategies before entering the major markets. It began by establishing itself as an online auction company in the US. The company improved its flexibility by allowing various payment systems in the US. The entry strategy in most international markets was based on the acquisition of local companies. eBay also acquired multinational online auction companies that enabled it to infiltrate into a large market area. Also, eBay purchased shares in many other companies. The acquisition strategy was also improved by creating smooth payment options such as personal checks, money orders, Billpoint, Butterfields, electronic check, and PayPal. This enabled it to establish itself as a multinational auto trader. Since the products auctioned on the website were accessed internationally, it made it possible for eBay to boost its acquisitions. eBay’s entry strategies in Japan eBay was introduced in Japan in the year 2000 following the entry success of yahoo. However, its entry strategies did not work, and it was forced to withdraw from Japan. eBay entered Japan with the minimal advertisement (The Global Business Environment par. 3). It established its
The term workaholic was first used by a renowned American psychologist Wayne Oates in 1968. This was after he confessed to being addicted to work. He noted that, although workaholism can be recognized as a disorder, it was much more socially respectable compared to those addictions caused by substance abuse. In the definition of a workaholic, Oates pointed that a person’s desire to work becomes overwhelming to the extent of invoking noticeable harm to health, happiness, interpersonal relations, and social functioning (Griffiths 740). In this definition, the emphasis was on how work can become centralized to the extent of influencing certain behaviors. In the early 1970s, Oates expounded on the earlier definition to make it implicit. He added that workaholism is an addiction that involves an uncontrollable need to work or engage in compulsive working. There are certain core elements in this earlier description that emerge in recent definitions of workaholism. They entail excessive working and irresistible inner drive. The former presents a situation where workaholics tend to allocate much of their time to work and, therefore, exceed the expected limits. The objective here is to achieve the desired goals of the organization. The latter acknowledges that workaholic’s thoughts are preoccupied with work, even when there is a need to rest. This creates a mental picture that a workaholic is an individual who is obsessed with work (Griffiths 742). Some scholars also define the word ”workaholic” as an individual who frequently and considerably allocates time to work-related activities without undertaking a proper evaluation of the external necessities. Most of these definitions portray workaholism as behavior that only results in harmful consequences as opposed to the positive effects. The negativity of workaholism Although the term workaholism may seem to be self-explanatory due to its widespread usage, there is no single definition that has been settled on yet. A workaholic is someone who is exhibiting features related to work addiction. Socially, it is acceptable behavior for one to have his (or her) inner drive to work (Bakker 17). However, it is a genuine psychological problem that requires a proper diagnosis to alleviate it. Negative workaholism encompasses behavioral and mental aspects (Stevenson, 879). The behavioral aspects involve working hard more than what is required or recommended. This can be through the allocation of more hours per day or per week to work. This means for a person to be referred to as a workaholic, he or she must be able to extend the working hours beyond the expected limit willingly and not necessarily due to circumstances. For that reason, anyone doing a particular piece of work for long hours but would rather prefer doing something else within the extra time available is practically not a workaholic (Killinger 49). Workaholism is usually manifested by the neglect of other aspects of life that constitute what one can call healthy living. Some psychologists describe it as an addiction that is not easy to control or a channel through which
The researchers present an informative and brief abstract about the work that they are going to develop. There are several descriptive sentences with the help of which Rigano et al . (2019) explain the main idea of Caesalpinia spinosa gum and its potential worth for cosmetic products. The reader gets a chance to learn that this type of gum is a vegetal polysaccharide that is commonly used in the food industry. Caesalpinia spinosa has a number of rheological properties, including its high compatibility with other ingredients and the possibility to be a thickening agent. The authors follow the correct order of words in the abstract to make sure that the information is consistent and clear. Still, there are several parts that need additional explanations, like the relationship between concentrations and behaviors of the substances. Although some statistical data is given to strengthen the study and its application in different fields, it is hard to comprehend its value in the abstract. For example, an ordinary reader may not understand the differences between the Newtonian and pseudoplastic behaviors, and extra search is required to learn the main idea of the chosen article (Piednoir et al ., 2020). Besides, Rigano et al . (2019) underline that some tests were conducted in combination with salts and other agents, but no information about the nature of methods and results is given. Caesalpinia spinosa gum is proved to be a promising ingredient for cosmetic products due to its thickening and rheological qualities. However, regarding the title of the article, the examination of the gel formation is missing in the abstract, and several questions about the chosen research process emerge. Critique of Introduction When writing introductions, authors have to focus on the scope of their study and identify the goals and major steps for the reader. In the article, the authors provide a solid background about rheology modifiers and the properties of Caesalpinia spinosa gum. They introduce gelatinizers as substances to increase viscosity, emulsions, and suspensions (Rigano et al ., 2019). Another strength of the introductory section is the discussion of Caesalpinia spinosa gum, also known as Peruvian carob and a representative of the Leguminosae family (Rigano et al ., 2019). In addition to general definitions and examples, this part contains a chemical discussion of the chosen component and two figures to share the main idea of the topic using illustrations. In general, the reader gets a clear idea of the rheology modifier category and understands the urgency of using Caesalpinia spinosa gum as a new gelling agent in the cosmetics field. At the same time, the introduction of this article misses several critical components. The authors fail to define their research goals and hypotheses in the study. They do neither ask questions nor offer
The article “Gifts of Mars: Warfare and Europe’s early rise to riches” by Nico Voigtländer and Hans-Joachim Voth illustrate how the political situation in Europe had shaped the economic development of the continent in the fourteenth century. Europe has historically been a fragmented continent, characterized by constant wars and religious conflict, at the cost of human life. Voigtländer and Voth believe that this socio-political scenario largely affected the picture of the economic development of the continent (168). The first implication of the war-driven continent was a massive human loss. This resulted in a high fatality rate. Malthusian economics dominated developmental parameters prioritized land per person as the prime determinant of per capita output (Voigtländer and Voth 168). Due to the constant state of war, Europe had a significantly high average death rate, reducing population pressure that resulted in higher land-labor ratio and per capita income (Voigtländer and Voth 168). This simply explains why Europe’s per capita income and urbanization rate was higher than that of China since 1700. However, the shortcoming of the Malthusian theory lies in its assumption of land as the fixed capital. Consequently, with population growth, the land-labor ratio declined. However, advancement in technology diminished the importance of this ratio, as productivity growth no longer depended on the land-labor ratio (Voigtländer and Voth 169). The difference among modern economists regarding the effectiveness of Malthusian theory in explaining the development pattern in Europe before the industrial revolution creates a puzzle. Voigtländer and Voth point out that the Malthusian theory did not give any weightage to technological advancement, and hence, it played a negligible role in economic development. All importance was given to population growth. However, this logic is not sufficient to explain economic growth (Voigtländer and Voth 149). This becomes more evident when empirical data of the economy is reviewed after the Black Death in 1348-50. Due to the Black Death, Europe faced a massive population loss, resulting in an increase in per capita income. However, this gain eroded with time, as mortality rate stabilized but in the case of Europe, this did not happen. Even after two generations, there was a large surplus income to tax. This, Voigtländer and Voth believe, was due to the surge in the frequency of wars fought (183). Due to the high degree of fragmentation of Europe, there was greater channeling of war income to the economy (183). Voigtländer and Voth believe that in Europe, war has played a pivotal role in the continent’s prosperity (184). Voigtländer and Voth used two indicators of economic development – urbanization and per capita GDP – to assess the impact of war on economic development (177). They used cross-section data from
Introduction Charlie Chaplin’s 1925 film The Gold Rush can be well discussed as the one of most outstanding examples of a classical editing technique’s successful deployment, because the manner of how director went about connecting film’s scenes together corresponds to the foremost convention of this particular editing-style, “To keep the action logical and continuous, there must be no confusing breaks in an edited sequence” (Gianetti, p. 136). In its turn, this explains why, despite the fact that there are many prolonged time-lapses to the story of Chaplin’s Tramp trying to make riches in Yukon, during the time of the famous Gold Rush; there is an undeniable spirit of a real-time genuineness to this story’s cinematic representation. In my paper, I will aim to substantiate the validity of this thesis at length, while also answering questions contained in the assignment. Analytical Part One of the major techniques used by movie-directors within the context of how they go about producing a particular film is editing. According to Gianetti (2001), “Editing is simply joining one strip of film (shot) with another. Shots are joined into scenes. On the most mechanical level, editing eliminates unnecessary time and space. Through the association of ideas, editing connects one shot with another, one scene with another, and so on” (p. 134). This technique evolved out of directors’ need to represent the film’s events/actions in a spatially condensed manner. In the early days of cinematography, editing techniques used to be utterly simple. That is, they were often concerned with directors shooting film-scenes in one long shot in a single take. Nevertheless, as time went on, editing techniques were becoming ever more complex. This was reflected by the fact that movies began featuring more than one shot/take. In its turn, this has led to the development of three conceptually different styles of editing: realist, classical and formalist. The classical approaches to realist editing are sequence shots and cutting to continuity . These approaches are being concerned with directors’ strive to ensure the film’s spatial integrity – hence, ascertaining depicted events’ perceptional realism. Directors who aim to ensure film motifs’ psychological soundness, on the other hand, commonly utilize classical editing, associated with the so-called principle of classical cutting . In their turn, formalist directors commonly resort to the deployment of thematic montage and abstract cutting , as the foremost means of ensuring that viewers’ exposure to their films would cause them to gain a better understanding of directors’ aesthetic/ideological agenda. The technique of editing is closely related to the technique of creating proper mise-en-scenes. Just as it is the case with providing a particular take/shot with the mise-en-scenic wholesomeness, the utilization of a particular style of cinematographic editing, on the part of directors, serves the purpose of underling the significance of the explored themes and motifs. This is the reason why, for example, directors who favor the formalist editing technique, commonly utilize the so-called ‘close form’ format of creat
Introduction Netflix, Inc. (Netflix) is an American company whose area of specialization includes providing on-demand film, video, and TV shows streaming, as well as renting DVDs and Blue-Ray discs per mail. The video service was created by Marc Randolph and the current CEO Reed Hastings back in 1997. A year later the company’s website was launched, and soon the traditional video rental system was exchanged for the subscription model. Another typical feature of the service is the highly detailed system of genre division of the content that facilitates the recommendation for the users based on their personal ratings. Apart from providing film content, in the recent decade Netflix, Inc. signed contracts with some major TV networks to show their original TV shows at the Netflix website. The company also started to produce their own original content, including film, video and TV series of different genres. The objective of this report is to evaluate the Netflix, Inc. from the perspective of its business strategies, presence in the general marketplace, and financial standings. In order to analyze the specifics of the business strategies, we are to evaluate the expanded business model that includes the policy of advertisement-free content, flat-rate mailing service, and the system of genres based on the algorithm of customer recommendations. The evaluation of the product presence in the general marketplace is to include discussing the topics of the market of on-demand entertainment and the company’s global presence. Finally, the financial standings of the Netflix, Inc. are to be assessed on the basis of the company’s profitability and operating margin. Business strategies The development of the business model Today Netflix operates on the classical business model due to the fact that Netflix users are directly provided with the service they pay for without any third parties. It facilitates the process of subscribing and gives users amount of mobility and opportunity to stop or renew their subscription to the service. The company started with the flat rate model of renting and mailing DVDs and Blue-Ray discs. Such approach to the rental service presupposes that the users only pay for the subscription in this case as well, and they do not have any due date for the discs return. Such policies guaranteed Netflix a certain advantage comparing to the other video rental companies. However, there were doubts, whether they would be able to preserve that advantage when they decided to establish the online video streaming website with the similar policy and the same content. Despite, the skepticism