ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human responsibility towards natural world is great indeed. Many people cannot even imagine how significant and integral their actions may be for the nature and its components. Human power does not actually have any boundaries, this is why people should be able to control their actions, ideas, and even thoughts to provide safe present and future. Many sophisticated authors have already made considerable contributions to our natural world and human participation in its development. Abbey makes a wonderful attempt to explain why people have to take care of the natural environment; LeGuin represents a captivating story of how nature may seek for human support; Dillard shares her ideas about the challenging present we live in; and Huxley describes how crucial the issue of time may be for people and for nature at once. Humans are integral participants in the development of the natural world; their responsibility cannot be eliminated or neglected as well as the necessity to work, earn money, and promote the progress that influences the nature in many, both negative and positive ways. For any human being, it is very important to think over his/her own place and role in this world. The ideas of self-consciousness which are so perfectly described by Annie Dillard may have two types of outcomes: on the one hand, it is so amazing to lose oneself for a moment and become as innocent as the nature (Dillard 317); and on the other hand, this possibility opens human eyes to their carelessness on the nature and the power people have. People activities are dangerous: trees are vanished and uprooted, animals are deprived of their homes and families, and people are satisfied with their abilities to promote their actions and attempts to improve personal life. Is it possible that human power can positively influence the natural world and its inhabitants? Edward Abbey gives one of the most captivating and profound answers and introduces the ideas of eco-defense that unites human rights and abilities to defend the land and everything that is inherent to this land. It is obligatory to protect the land from destruction and depletion. This land is human property that is “by whatever means necessary” (Ab
Introduction Modern societies strive to achieve gender equality. They ensure that men and women receive equal opportunities to thrive. Many traditional cultural practices are oppressive towards women. Cultural practices do not provide women with the necessary opportunities to thrive away from their family lives. Certain societies still practice activities that are oppressive to women. Such practices include female genital mutilation and early arranged marriages. However, these practices are slowly declining due to the efforts of various groups. Early arranged marriages prevent girls from achieving their full potential. It forces girls to drop out of school to look after their husbands and children. This practice has been a part of the traditional Indonesian marriage culture for a long time. However, the government should ensure that it takes steps that lead to the end of this practice, as early-arranged marriage does not portray Indonesia as a country that supports women’s rights and gender equality. Historical background The appropriate age for marriage is a contentious issue in various countries. In most traditional Indonesian cultures, marriage was the prerogative of the parents. Parents rarely consulted the children on matters of marriage. In such societies, parents married off their children at a tender age. Parents arranged most of these marriages, and the children, especially girls, did not exert their will on the choice of spouse. Parents usually took into consideration the readiness of the children for sexual intercourse. In most instances, girls were married off soon after their first period. The parents and families of the children were directly responsible for the marriage. The children had little control over their marriage partners (Blackburn & Bessell 107). In the contemporary world, the decision on marriage is more individualistic. Parents or older members of the family have rarely involved in making the decision on marriage. Instead, the decision on married involves mainly the two people who intend to get married. In such a situation, the age of marriage becomes very important. The two people must be sufficiently mature to make well-informed decisions while bearing in mind the responsibilities of marriage and adult life (Blackburn & Bessell 108). In the contemporary world, there is a demarcation between childhood and adulthood. Parents should ensure that marriage does not affect the sanctity of childhood. However, parents and older members of the family are not the only parties that should ensure there is the protection of the sanctity of childhood. The state is also concerned with the protection of the sanctity of childhood. There are various laws that help in the protection of the sanctity of childhood. States have laws regarding the age of consensual sexual intercourse, employment, or marriage. People who violate the laws, and hence affect the sanctity of childhood, face stiff penalties. However, these laws have been the so
Introduction The modern world is greatly affected by the various advances that human thought has recently achieved in the spheres of science, technology, etc. The religious and spiritual lives of people are being substantially changed by these advances as they not only make people reassess their values but sometimes break people’s beliefs and life-long viewpoints (Stevenson, 2005). The examples are human cloning which contradicts the religious idea of the divine creation of the human being, the invention of the Internet as a means of the destruction of the soul as many religious communities view it, etc. In the Muslim world special importance is attributed to the trips to the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, which are called Hajj. Recently, the impact of modern technological advances has been rather high on the Hajj industry, and this paper aims at contrasting the past and the present levels of technological influence of Hajj. Hajj and Modern Technology Essence of Hajj The essence of the Hajj for every Muslim is sacred. This trip is called the Great Pilgrimage to Mecca as every Muslim has to take it to prove his faith and loyalty to the prophet Muhammad and Allah himself: “One of the Five Pillars of Islam, the Hajj is required of all believers once in their lifetimes provided they are physically, mentally and financially able” (Long, 2007). Mecca is viewed as a sacred place for all Muslims as far as Muhammad was born there and the Qur’an was first revealed to him on this land. Therefore thousands of Hajjis take up the Pilgrimage to honor their prophet. The constantly growing population of the world provides for the increase of Hajjis that attend Mecca annually, and the Government of Saudi Arabia has to take steps to provide millions of people with housing, food, water, etc. Recent Technological Advances Related Thus, the first major technological advance that has changed Hajj of today is the systemic and comprehensive approach to the issue taken by the Saudi authorities. They organize certain transportation technologies to allow as much Hajji as possible to attend the Haram Mosque in the respective time: “To accommodate overland transportation at the Hajj, the Saudi government has constructed hundreds of miles of all-weather, four-lane highways, particularly between Arafat and Mina” (Long, 2007). Special Hajj Ministry is established in Saudi Arabia to deal with all the Hajj organizational issues, as well as the Private and Public Hajj services committee. As
Introduction Light is one of the vital resources on this planet. According to Kort (2015), it is a crucial element of a social-spatial context because it largely determines human and social behaviors. Since antiquity, people have developed multiple ways to control various light sources, and with changes in those inventions, the design of distinct light carriers has evolved. Nowadays, each person utilizes different types of lamps on a daily basis. Almost every home and workplace is equipped with desk lamps that are used to increase visibility during some activities. Ideally, a desk lamp design affords a proper balance between aesthetic appeal and utility to fit in the environment well and ensure pleasurable user experience. To demonstrate the importance of such a balance during the design process, the analysis of FORSÅ lamp will be conducted in this paper. The evaluation of the lamp’s features and overall product constraints will allow understanding if its design is successful. Product Description My first encounter with FORSÅ lamp was a result a purposeful search for a high-quality functional lighting piece. I found it online on the IKEA website and, after going through a brief description of product properties and a selection of photographs, an easy decision to purchase it was made. Nowadays, I use this lamp as the major source of light during work, reading, studying, and many other activities. FORSÅ has a steel corpus that is composite of all traditional lamp elements. A massive, round stand holds the structure and balances its weight, so it does not shake or slide from a designated place on the table. The arm is constructed of two rods attached with screws. Due to this, the lamp is highly flexible, whereas a set of metallic springs allows keeping any of its possible forms steady. A rounded head can be bent and rotated as well with the help of a 3-inch, thin handle located at the lamp’s neck. Lastly, black wire with a switch stretches out from the bottom. It ranges internally through the entire structure up to the head and appears on the surface along the flexures but still organically fits in the overall design and does not draw much attention. Constraints Just like any other everyday appliance, FORSÅ has physical, semantic, cultural, and logical constraints. They include environmental factors and particular features of an object
A Longitudinal Study into the Interplay between Problem Orientation and Adolescent Well-Being is the article by Ciarrochi, Leeson, and Heaven, where the implications of researches concerning negative problem orientation and poor emotional well-being and possible intervention are concerned. The investigations presented in this article, have a close connection to the investigations, which have been made earlier in the same sphere and proved that negative problem orientation (also known as NPO) served as a predecessor to fear and even hostility among the young people of both genders. However, the predecessor to NPO was not properly identified, this is why the investigations of Joseph Ciarrochi and his team should be regarded as useful and timely. The article under consideration is perfectly prepared: several chapters of the article present clear information upon the chosen issue, properly planned tables provide the reader with a chance to concentrate on the main issues, students of both genders are involved into researching, and, finally, at the end of the article, the authors pay enough attention to possible limitations of their investigation in order to encourage other researchers to improve the results. The purpose of this article is to investigate what connection may be between the well-being of young people and negative problem orientation. Lots of previous researches offered an idea that adolescent well-being is disposed to be decreased among the people at the age of 16. This is why it is better to concentrate on 16-year-old boys and girls in order to help them overcome stresses and solve some problems. However, a concrete agreement as to the influence of negative problem orientation and its connection to poor well-being was not still identified. So, it is better to investigate how exactly problem orientation influences well-being or find out whether the former is only the consequent of the latter. The researchers of the article choose NPO as the major object of their work. They find out that NPO takes place in case young people are characterized by “self-efficacy with respect to cognitive set” (Ciarrochi et al., 2009); so, their common decision was to investigate NPO from three different perspectives: cross-sectional, intervention, and longitudinal. Cross-sectional investigations demonstrate that NPO may lead to depression and even suicidal intentions; intervention research underlines the significance of problem-serving therapy; and longitudinal research shows that depression cannot predict future skill, but, on the contrary, it may serve as a consequence of quite low skill. One more important factor is noticed during the research and properly described in the article; it is the significance of the NPO trajectory. Ciarrochi and his team admit the fact that the increase of negative
Introduction and Definition Public goods refer to those that are not taxable. Such goods are usually physically hard to charge for (Ott 11). They also have positive contributions to many people. This is irrespective of whether they pay for the good or not. There are different types of public goods. For example, a lighthouse is a public good since it is non-excludable. Public bad may refer to the negative social costs that originate from the operations of a particular business. These social costs may be felt in the general environment. They cause detrimental impacts to the public. An example may be factory emissions causing pollution and global warming. Most business operations have different effects on the environment. The public, social and physical components of the environment must gain or lose from certain business processes. Coase and Views on Social Cost The concept of “social cost” is applied in the economic analysis and estimation of most impacts (Tresch 16). This article identifies and explains particular business actions that bear detrimental impacts on others. The paper provides critical examples of business actions eminent in most corporations that may cause potential harm to the environment. In such context, pollution is one of the most prevalent impacts. This might be realized within different environments. The writer observes the economic implications of such impacts on the social realm. Principally, all men normally experience such economic consequences. The consequences of detrimental business operations are property destruction and polluted environmental systems. Economists have developed robust and empirical methodologies for the
Strategic problem and issue identification The Swisher Mover and Machine Company was founded by Max Swisher in 1945 when he was 18 years old. The company had been experiencing sluggish sales in a growing rapidly industry. The company has always produced a positive financial record since its inception. The problem only problem is its strategic distribution procedures. While it recorded a steady rise in volume of sales, there are other opportunities that the company had not considered. Therefore, it was not making its optimal sales volume. Going by the trend in the industry, SMC had an opportunity to make more sales through private dealers. The company could have ceased the opportunity provided by the growing demand from private dealers and foreign customers. Analysis evaluation Industry The lawn mower industry is seasonal and sales are always changing. The Swisher Mover and Machine Company was mainly dependent on finished goods and this was a major challenge. The industry was not very competitive at the time. The main competitors in this case were 10. Nonetheless, the national government was also part of the competitors. Sales from the national government accounted for 24% of the net sales while private companies’ sales including SMC accounted for 75%. Company The company was small and privately owned. However, it had a long history and a very strong brand image in the US. Sales were always consistent and the company made profits although the volumes of sales were not very steady. The type of products sold included three types of mowers which were; the Zero turning mower, the Trail mower, and the push mower. Its chain of distribution included supplying its products to retailers, wholesalers and private individuals. Its sales were mostly from the lager metropolitan region. The major sales were made from private individuals and companies who accounted for 40% of the total sales. Wholesalers were the second largest sellers of the SMC products while the direct dealers accounted for 30 percent of the total sales. Sales from the global market were dwindling and at that time they were accounting for only 5 percent of the total sales. Trends There was consistent growth of the industry. The following year was projected to see a rise in the demand for mowers hence more sales. SMC had been experiencing a consistently rising trend in the market and this was expected to continue owing to the looming rise in demand from the private dealers. Recommendations The company does not have any merchandising pla
Sexuality is one of the most common and one of the oldest themes in literature and, both psychologically and biologically speaking, in life. The stylistic freedom of the modern novel, however, in combination with ever changing societal sensibilities in regard to sex, has allowed for the expression of a wider range of sexuality in a greater variety of ways. Two very different literary examples of the modern era that exemplify this freedom of exploration in regards to sexuality, both with subject matter and stylistically, are the loosely autobiographical work of Samuel Delaney The Motion of Light in Water , and Shani Mootoo’s 1996 debut novel, Cereus Blooms at Night . The first of these two works details the author’s life in the middle of the twentieth century as a gay African-American science fiction author living and working in the East Village of New York City, and includes tales of illustrious meetings with such figures as W. H. Auden and the whirlwind lifestyle of sex and writing available in New York City. Though some of the elements of sexuality and its discovery and exploration are similar in Cereus Bloom at Night , the setting and conclusions are vastly different. This work explores the life of an outcast woman and her ostracized, cross-dressing and homosexual nurse Tyler on a fictional island in the Caribbean. Both explore similar aspects of sexuality in wildly different ways, and much of this difference can be attributed to the vastly different settings of the two works. In The Motion of Light in Water , the setting is the bustling and vice-ridden world of New York City’s East Village. The author details the circumstances of his early adulthood, from his impregnating and marrying a girl at the age of eighteen, to his struggles to carve out an identity for himself as a writer and an African-American, and perhaps especially as a homosexual in an era far less accepting of that lifestyle and sexual expression than our own, which still has its issues with homosexuality. The author’s explorations in this last regard take on many forms, from completely anonymous sex to lust-filled romances. His sexuality is marked by the hurry and opportunity that surrounds him; if the story—and the author’s life—were not set in such a busy metropolis, neither the sexual exploration nor the stylistic expression of it in this book would have been possible. The story is essentially urban on many levels, and the flurry of activity, people, and sexuality helps to illustrate the author’s isolation. Ironically, the isolated island setting of Cereus Blooms at Night allows the two central figures of the novel to express their identities generally—and sexuality specifically, in Tyler’s case—more easily than in the metropolitan setting of The Motio
A science fiction “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” was firstly presented to public in 1968 by Phillip K. Dick. The novel under analysis illustrates sharp contradictions between “species being” introduced by Marx and artificial androids which seem to substitute humanity. The main idea is to compare two sides of human beings: people as animals and as androids. The central question of the author lied in understanding the sense of human existence, disclosing the meaning of being human. The basic theme of the fiction is to highlight the significance of animals, both real and electric. The writer wanted to illustrate on the example of androids such a feature of character as ignorance in attitude to other representatives of mankind and animals and the way we fight this trait reflected in the protagonist of the story Rick Deckard. The introduction of the protagonist as a hunter presents the category of a “killer”. “In retiring, i.e., killing, he didn’t violate the rule of life laid down by Mercer. You shall kill only the killers.” (Dick, 1968) The problem of the categorical meaning lies in combination of two human sides in one category. On the one side the protagonist obtains the features of animals killing other species and on the other, his emotions are expressed only as being programmed showing the similarity with androids. But at the same time Rick separates androids from humans, dividing all creatures on human and nonhuman explaining that it depends on the level of violence and whether ethical consequences exist or not. The author raised the problem of animals’ existence criticism underlining the fact that they never suffer and are not able to feel the pain as people do this. But in a certain period of time the author shows that Rick stopped feeling the difference between androids and animals becoming a new type of human beings similar to androids. He starts to look for important grounds for his disability to kill those whom he likes and fails to find them. It makes him be closer to androids. It is shown by the example with Luba who’s singing Rick Deckard appreciated. “Perhaps the better she functions, the better a singer she is, the more I am needed. If the androids had remained substandard, like the ancient q-40’s made by Derain Associates–there would be no problem and no need of my skill.” (Dick, 1968) Artificial emotions begin to prevail in Deckard’s character provoking some new visions of life. Android subjectivity problem concentrates on the further relationships with the animals. The author illustrates that animals are no more beings for people but just commodities. Deckard is afraid to tell everybody that his ship is electric as it could influence the economic status. The writer shows the example with the death of a real cat describing it as a “waste”. Luba’s expression that “nobody would kill and eat the dog… they are worth fortune” underlines the absence of concern about the animals but showing the presence of andro