ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Over the years, scientists have worked to establish the secret behind miraculin, a red berry that sensitizes the tongue with sweetness. In a recent science news article, Rachel Ehrenberg revealed scientists’ latest discovery on the little red berry. According to them, the plant does not use sugar to tickle the human tongue, instead, it uses protein. The article goes on to point out that the effects of proteins range with PH values. Also, the sweet-sensing machinery of the tongue is said to work effectively in acidic flavors such as carbonated drinks and citrus. The so-called miracle fruit, which is also branded as Richadella dulcified, has been known for decades. Even though researchers have been successful in establishing miraculin as the active ingredient in Richadella dulcified, it has been difficult to ascertain how the protein bestows sweetness. However, the latest discoveries have shown that it bestows sweetness based on the acidity of the environment. For instance, at PH of 4.8, the sweet sensing cells of the tongue react twice as much as when at PH values of about 5.7. Further reduction in acidity blocks the sweet sensing cells as they transform in shape. This is quite intriguing given that proteins are not known for their sweet taste. It is sugars that are known to induce taste in fruits. As has been seen in berries, some plants, which cannot generate a huge amount of sugars, use proteins to bestow sweet punch. Nonetheless, the United States Food and Drugs Administration has not approved its use in food. Moreover, according to Paul Breslin, if the protein is heated, it may fall apart (Ehrenberg, 2011, p.1). Science journal This is a massive discovery, especially because it emphasizes the ability of the protein to bestow sweetness. We know that plants store sugars in their fruits. This makes them sweet and invites animals to help sustain their continuity (reproduction). In essence, I know that only sugars bestow sweetness. Moreover, I have never bothered to investigate if the sweetness differs from one PH value to another. This, therefore, comes as a surprise with all its intriguing ideas on proteins. However, I have also found it difficult to establish why berries are usually very sweet and whether they generate such large quantities of sugar. The article is therefore quite interesting as it brings forth discoveries on protein behavior (Ehrenberg, 2011, p.1). After reading this article, several questions linger in one’s head. These include the process of bestowing sweetness, PH values, chemical reactions that ensure sweetness at some PH values and not others, among others. It may also be interesting to know if such discoveries in protein can be utilized in reducing blood sugar levels by commercializing it. It would also be important to know if the protein can be found in other plants or if it can be extracted and researched for its usability. In essence, numerous questions come up, to understand the protein fully. Another question that may come up is why the United States regulatory agency FDA has not approved its u
Introduction Strategic management is defined as the field of management that deals with the emergent and intended initiatives that are usually taken by the firm’s general leadership group on behalf of the board of the company. The strategic direction entails the specification of resource utilization, the objectives, mission, and vision of the firm, plan and policy development, and resource allocation for plan and policy implementation. (Hill. 2008. p. 479) Financial strategic management is the identification of the best strategies that will maximize the market value of an organization. It involves resource allocation among the existing competitive opportunities. Financial strategic managers are supposes to determine the best ways to allocate the scarce resources In order to maximize on profits. Financial strategic management basically involves financial, investment and dividend decisions of the organization. (Hoaghant.2005.p .7) The strategic position of Sony The strategic position of Sony was to regain its profitability by penetrating more into the market and reducing their operating costs. After recording their first loss since 1995, Sony in 2009 decided to take a growth-based strategic direction that was meant to develop their products and marked. Having made a great loss of 98.94 billion for the year ending 31 st march 2009, Sony decided to restructure its organization. As part of the restructuring process, Sony made great changes by closing down eight manufacturing sites among its fifty seven, and downsizing its employee number by 16,000 workers. This was mainly geared towards reducing the operating cost of the company. Sony also changed the structure of its competitive divisions that included the manufacture of Televisions, music players, gaming consoles and electronic reader. This saw Sony re-structure into two cross company units namely the network products and service group, and the consumer products group. The growth-based strategic management option entails product and market development, diversification and market penetration. This approach is applied with companies that have that can further enter the market by providing products that are suitable and acceptable. Alternative strategic direction There are several strategic options that an organization can decide to take. The specific directions taken by any firm at a given point in time entirely depend on the available resources of the organization, and the nature of the performance of the product in the industry. The major strategic direction options include; growth based consolidation, divestment, and harvesting. Consolidation In general, the term consolidation refers to the act of merging many things into one. In business context, the term consolidation refers to the act of merging or the acquiring smaller companies into bigger ones. There are four types of business consolidation and these include statutory merger, statutory consolidation, stock acquisition and amal
What Bucket Once, during my practice at the Multidisciplinary Team, a person with a venous ulcer was hospitalized in our hospital. It was an older woman, perhaps about sixty years old, who received this injury because of overweight caused by a sedentary lifestyle of the profession. I remember that she often cried because she thought she couldn’t walk anymore. Due to the frequent crying that sometimes turned into a tantrum, she also was experiencing constant headaches and fatigue. The most unusual thing in this situation was that at one point, she stopped crying and began to behave calmly. It was because she realized that the cause of the venous ulcer was her unhealthy lifestyle. It is important to note that this change occurred in just one day. So What? Bucket As part of the treatment, my task was to tell her how to take the necessary medicine. Each time I talked with her, I remembered how I sacrificed my mental and physical health during my student years and professional practice. I felt and interpreted all the fear and pain of this patient (1). Therefore, I decided to also share my personal experience with her to support each other. Now What? Bucket Fortunately, during the treatment, the specialists did not have to resort to surgical intervention. It seems to me that during this time, a kind of spiritual connection has formed between us. It helped both of us understand the importance of personal mental and physical health in terms of the past, present, and future. For me, it was a throwback due to which I began to understand the harm that I unknowingly inflicted on myself over the years. Situation Analysis I believe that the only omission in this situation was the lack of educational support during treatment. Patients can experience incredible stress during treatment because they do not know the nuances of injuries or illnesses. Moreover, this unique experience led me to a specific idea. It is necessary to develop an educational model that, in a simple form, would explain to patients about the complexity of injuries, for example, using videos or infographics on tablets. It will possibly prevent such harmful things as mental breakdowns.
Selection: “To Be Free” (2017)   * Artist: Jamaal Barber   * Art Form: Carved Wood Block   * Time Period: 21st Century Biographical Profile of Jamaal Barber Jamaal Barber is a modern African American artist specializing in printmaking and woodcuts. The artist was born in Virginia and raised in Littleton, North Carolina (“Jamaal Barber”). He showed interest in art from a young age, fascinated by images in children’s and comic books. Then, Barber started drawing in elementary school and would draw on anything he could find (“Jamaal Barber”). However, Barber’s early passion would not lead him to become a full-time artist. Barber’s major in college was business, but he switched it to art. Barber realized that he wanted “to make this art stuff work” when he had taken a “drawing class as an elective” (Johnson). Barber won several ECU student art awards during his years at East Carolina University. Notably, he won the JOSA Award of Excellence in Drawing in 2002 and got first place in the graphic design competition of the Rebel Magazine (“Jamaal Barber”). In 2003, Barber graduated from ECU with a bachelor’s degree in Communication Arts and took a 15-year break from studying to foster his personal view of artistry (“Jamaal Barber”; Johnson). In 2004, Barber moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and resides there with his wife and kids (“About”). The artist was actively creating during the break while working as a graphic designer for Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc. and Spoken Magazine. His works have been displayed at the Ao5 Gallery and the Mano A Mano art show (“Jamaal Barber”). Furthermore, Barber’s works have been published by Penguin Random House, Black Art in America, and Emory University, as well as on social media platforms and in the New York Times (“About”). From 2018, Barber went for a master’s degree in Printmaking at Georgia State University. His focus on printmaking began when he saw a demonstration on making a screen print at a local art store in 2013 (“About”). The artist’s prints and woodcuts are displayed at ZuCot Gallery and have been p
INI is a non-profit organization focused on providing information about the cognitive decline in elder people. The organization comprises an expert team of multi-disciplinary professionals, such as clinicians, clinical scientists, and neuroscientists, etc for community-level interventions. Its activities relate to four perspectives like research, education, community awareness program, and philanthropy.   * Objective : INI aims to provide current knowledge on the aging human spine and brain as well as the decline of cognition due to disorders among the elder population.   * Goal: The organization’s goal is to cooperate with other projects, organizations, and persons who are potential contributors to the field to create more awareness among the public as well as health professionals.   * Aim of the INI : The organization aims to expand its base to a wider multitude of people in the Los Angeles area, US, and eventually to reach out to the world’s medical and non-medical communities. Four perspectives of the organization Research Research enables to gain advanced knowledge on the subject. The group of multidisciplinary professionals conducts researches on cognitive decline through clinical and psychological evaluation and interventions. It also studies the nutrition and metabolism of the brain and spine, regeneration strategies including nano-research, nanotechnological advancements, and therapeutic interventions including intracranial and spinal delivery. Education: It is derived from the study on the decline of cognition and neurological disorders that affect elder people. The researches not only help in educating about the impact of neurological disorders among elder people but also aid in keeping the professionals abreast of various developments in the field. It also facilitates the learning of vital aspects. Community Awareness Program
According to Richmond et al. (1994), “the Metropolitan Authority was established in Nova Scotia, Canada in the year1978 and it was entrusted with the role of collecting and transporting waste products in Nova Scotia.” Ethical Considerations related to Budgeting and Finance within the Organization The Metropolitan Authority tries at all levels to observe fiscal discipline and to maintain transparency in its undertakings. According to Shah (2005), “a system of local fiscal administration is expected to provide fiscal discipline as well as function with transparency of policy decisions, program results and finances, both within the government and to the community at large.” Shah (2005) states that “the fiscal discipline involves using the available revenue appropriately, executing revenue and expenditure plans as required, maintaining the agency legality of expenditure and adopting a system of governance whereby the resources are used rationally”. The Metropolitan Authority has been able to achieve all this because of its sound system of fiscal administration. This administration is made up of the internal controls that are responsible for tracking the budget, internal auditors who ensure that resources are well utilized, and external auditors who frequently check any misappropriation of resources (Shah, 2005). According to Shah (2005), a local government is supposed to “provide a system that serves as protection against theft, misappropriation of funds, and misuse of government resources.” Johnson (2006) states that, “transparency at the local level provides the means of communication between governments and citizenry regarding priorities, plans, decision making, and evaluation of results, thus acts as an important foundation for responsive, responsible and effective public services.” Shah (2005) also states that “the Metropolitan Authority has been able to maintain transparency in its activities by sharing its fiscal decisions on the mode of tax, sources of funds, and clearly stating their expenditures.” According to Johnson (2006), “public input should be considered by administrative bodies, and law makers and public bodies need to be transparent in their operations because transparency is a critical element of key involvement.” Richmond et al. (1994) explains that “the Municipal Authority ensures that it airs out its views on media to create room for public scrutiny in its activities.” Shah (2005) also states that “this Authority publishes its annual budget reports for the citizens to analyze, an action that promotes citizen participation in the organization.” The amount of informat
Introduction First of all, it is necessary to mention, that the poem “on the road” by Langston Hughes is the narration of the periods of the Great Depression. The protagonist of this play ‑ Sargeant, an African American vagabond, seeks food and shelter. He arrived in Reno, Nevada during the serious snowstorm, however, he does not feel the snowflakes, burning his face. He is too hungry, sleepy, and looking for shelter. Langston Hughes’s story deals with a commentary of situations befalling African Americans during the Depression Era. This situation appears to be rather difficult, as the position of those who are different from the others (by race, religion, or class). From the feminist point of view, the poem does not touch upon the issues of sexual discrimination during the Great Depression. Originally, the author aimed to explore, what happens, when a weakened person acts only basing on his conditions. The short story reveals the distraction and consequent violent actions of one human’s homeless dilemma on a snowy winter evening. From the feminist point of view, this idea is not worth attention, and the fact, that the desperation may cause the appearance of the additional powers is not essential from the feminist point of view, as the feminist movement was not based on desperation, but only with strong determination. Discussion The theme of the poem deals with the conditions that African American community challenges during the Great Depression. From the feminist criticism point of view, this discrimination of the African American population worsened the situation for the African American women, who were discriminated against for two reasons: they were African American, and they were women. As for the plot, that is aimed to reveal the destiny of the African American man, searching for shelter. There was no way to search for shelter, while lots of women suffered from hunger. The character should search not the shelter, but all the efforts should be directed for the help of the starving women. The main character of the poem is the African American man, named Sargeant. The feminist activists would not bear the fact, that only men can achieve success and overcome all the difficulties and challenges that life offers for them. Langston Hughes should not devote the whole poem to the man protagonist. He should also po
The Zoo Story is a well-known play by Edward Albee which is both simple and deep in its theme and idea with many glimpses on the inner changes inside a morally oppressed man. It was written in the year 1958, but was prohibited in the United States. Thus, the author left America for Europe in order to perform his first pay in Germany, namely at the Schiller Theatre, in Berlin in 1959. (Cody 1517) The play consists of one act and narrates about a meeting of two men in the Central park, New York. The play terrifies by its development and climax which calls multivalued reaction on how to make out the idea of play. Though, Edward Albee describes two men, Jerry and Peter, who are strange to each other from the very beginning g of their conversation. Peter is older and works as a publisher. He has family, daughters, parakeets in the amount of two. Also he has cats and is just sitting on the bench in the park. Jerry is inclined from the very first words to extract all the information from his talker. Jerry seems to live in scrutiny in the boarding house and, thus, wants to tell his story to Peter. The story contains the facts about his landlady and the dog of hers, everything which makes Jerry annoyed. The monologue of his is too long and comp-rises almost the third part of the play. The author tends to illustrate two types of conditions and circumstances in which two characters live. The final part of the play shows some sort of fight for the “bench domination” which is started by Jerry and when he takes knife out of his pocket and tries to stick it into Peter, the further development of actions turns against Jerry who sticks it unintentionally in his body and, though, makes Peter to go out. When Jerry is broken he shouts: “it’s all right, you’re an animal.” (Albee, 1958) The drama of these two characters is connected with their different conditions of living, but the same state of existing. “The parallel is drawn between Jerry’s excursion and Peter’s existence in a kind of domestic “zoo.” (Cody 1517) These two men did not even recognize before the world in which they lived and continue living. For Peter it is news, but Jerry is sick and tired with this and has nothing to do, but to search for escape from this madness. “What I mean is: animals are indifferent to me… like people…” (Albee 1958) The terrific anxiety of Jerry makes great impact on Peter who becomes involved into the Jerry’s story. Peter is a middle-aged publisher who has some successes in editing books. He got accustomed with the routine development of his life. Traditionally he once married and has two daughters as a result of this very marriage. The animals which live in his house and wife with daughters are the sceneries of his territory on which he is able to move, act, speak and think. He is limited and knows about this nothing. Peter seems satisfied with his life, which is full of advantages, and pretends not to disturb somebody by his personal understanding of life. It cannot be sai
Minneapolis Raises Minimum Wages to $15 an Hour According to the report of Associated Press, the City Council of Minneapolis has passed the ordinance to increase the minimum wages in the city to 15 dollars per hour. This decision was made at the end of June. According to the new regulation, large businesses that employ 100 workers and more will be obligated to provide the employees with a wage raise. To be more precise, the current minimum wage in the state of Minnesota is 9.50 dollars per hour; this minimum will be increased gradually over the next several years. In particular, on the 1 st of January of 2018, the minimum will be raised to 10 dollars per hour. In that manner, by July 2024, the overall rise to 15 dollars an hour will be implemented. Smaller businesses will be required to increase the wage gradually over a slightly longer period. The supporters of the ordinance noted that a higher wage would benefit low-income workers who represent a large portion of the city’s population, and the critics pointed out that the regulation may hurt smaller and new businesses or make the employers reduce working hours and cut staff to avoid financial losses due to wage changes. Similar measures were taken in some other large cities of the US – San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Seattle. However, some of the city authorities expect that the law will be challenged and the wage raise may be repealed similarly to how it happened in the state of Missouri when the state minimum wage of 7.70 dollars an hour was to undergo regulation and be raised to 10 dollars an hour. New Analysis Shows Government Could Run out of Cash in Early to Mid-October According to the information provided in the Congressional Budget Office report that was released at the end of June this year, there is a possibility that by the middle of October, the US government will run out of funds to pay the bills; this situation could only be addressed by the increase in the federal borrowing limit that could be made by Congress. In March 2017, the current federal debt of the United States has hit the limit imposed by Congress. In that way, the lawmakers are working on the creation of a new law raising the debt ceiling. The Treasury Department that has been using cash conservation strategies to continue paying the bills of the government is expected to run out of cash and means as well by March next year. The delay in raising the debt ceiling will slow down the payments for governmentally funded activities and programs. Using the additional sources of income, the government could reduce the federal debt for the next few years; however, the other activities of the state are likely to lead to its steady increase that may continue for over a decade. Moreover, the growth of the debt is aggravated by the weak tax collections that show a