ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of obesity and overweight in adolescents and children has today become an increasing burden in Europe, UK, USA, Australia and other developed and developing countries (Connelly, Duaso & Butler, 2007). As observed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 17% of children at the age of six to eleven years and 17.6% of those aged between twelve and nineteen years are either overweight or obese (Huberty, Balluff, O’Dell & Peterson, 2010). The World Health Organization (WHO) claim that chronic diseases like diabetes, and obesity may affect social progress, economic growth while hindering development in affected countries (Luft, Giugliani, Harzheim, Schmidt, & Duncan, 2009). The WHO has actually declared obesity and overweight in children as a global epidemic (Connelly, Duaso & Butler, 2007). Although individual prevention and treatment methods have successfully prevented obesity, Pitts and his colleagues (2012) advocated for policy and environmental changes as an effective way of managing diabetes. In the article, “A Community-Driven Approach to Identifying “Winnable” Policies Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention”, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) carried out a community-based research in 2009. The article focuses on promoting environmental and policy changes to prevent obesity through eating healthy foods and physical exercise. The researchers used a descriptive study design to carry out their research. The study was carried out in a rural setting of Eastern North Carolina. Two counties were selected where one acted as the control region. The counties chosen included Pitt, which was selected based on the fact that a significant number of sick residents live far below the poverty level (Pitts et al, 2012). In this case, individual in depth and face-to-face interviews were carried out on local stakeholders from May to September 2011 in order to identify appropriate policy document and successful policies and discuss current issues on obesity prevalence. Participants included a mayor, a human resource manager from a school, a member of city council, county and town planners and managers and a health promotion dietitian. A group discussion was further held in May 2011 in Lenoir which included 19 members of a community advisory council which involved county commissioner, leaders of health promotion and local business men and women. Participants were picked through school boards of counties, chamber of commerce, existing health alliance, and through the local government where informed consent also obtained from each member and the response audio recorded. A clearance of the project was also obtained from East Carolina University Medical Centre Institutional Review Board (Pitts et al, 2012). The research noted that land use policies, access to healthy foods and exercise were directly connected to obesity prevention
Throughout the course of history, it has always been the case that, as time goes on; people tend to assess the significance of a particular historical event from qualitatively different perspectives. The validity of this statement, can be well explored in regards to the 1963 Newsweek’s article My God, You’re Not Even Safe in Church and Frank Sikora’s 1991 story Innocence Lost , concerned with the 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church, in Birmingham, Alabama. The most easily notable difference between the article and the story is the fact that, as compared with Sikora’s story, the Newsweek’s article contains a plenty of terms, which now would have been deemed derogatory. For example, while speaking of the Birmingham’s Black residents, the article’s anonymous author never ceased referring to them as ‘Negroes’. The reason for this is quite apparent – at the time when this article was being written, citizens were not required to adjust their public statements to be consistent with the conventions of political correctness. This also explains why
Cross-Sectional Study The study would utilize a cross-sectional design in examining the effect of job enrichment on job resources under the mediating influence of behavior roles. Since the study aims to collect data from diverse employees, this design is appropriate because it captures diverse attributes related to demographic information and varied elements of the job. The cross-sectional method is a research design that enables the collection of data from respondents at a particular time of interest (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). Moreover, the proposed design is relevant in the creation of scales, the collection of quantitative data, and hypothesis testing. In this case, the study plans to use scales of job enrichment, job resources, satisfaction, involvement, commitment, burnout, and motivation. Additionally, the study would collect quantitative data and test the hypothesis to determine the effect of job enrichment on job resources with the consideration of the mediating impacts of behavior roles. The collection of quantitative data permits the determination of the reliability and validity of outcomes. When compared to other research designs, the cross-sectional method has some advantages. According to Creswell and Creswell (2017), this strategy is advantageous since it is not only simple but also cheap to administer to a large number of respondents. As the study targets a population of 500 employees, the design allows researchers to collect a representative sample with minimal costs. Another advantage of the method is that it can collect data using multiple variables with a high level of validity and reliability (Brase & Brase, 2017). Since the cross-sectional design does not also require follow-up, it does not encounter the challenge of respondent attrition due to an extended duration of the study (Tanner, 2016). Thus, the study seeks to collect data that is not only valid but also reliable from a rep
Introduction The personal development of each person is based on several significant phases that play an essential role in personality formation. For instance, when babies are born, they are unable to use the skills of social reasoning, as these skills develop later. In turn, this period can be characterized by the intention to focus the vision, explore, and learn about surrounding things. At the same time, preschooling is the period when a person starts to develop crucial physical, emotional, and language skills. It is important to take appropriate measures to help the child adapt to the environment and transition into the phase of early childhood successfully. To achieve this goal, healthcare providers recommend using developmental milestones that can be used to determine whether the child develops accurately. In general, the preschool child is required to have gross motor skills, fine motor skills, early mathematical understanding, and problem-solving. A Brief Overview of Child Developmental Characteristics As children grow into the phase of preschooling, numerous parents do not have an appropriate understanding of what their children should know and understand. First, it is significant to note that each child develops uniquely, which is why there is no need to compare all children with one another. However, psychologists and medical workers treat children of this age group according to specific milestones that have been developed several decades ago. In general, the person transitioning into the phase of preschooling becomes more independent and begins to focus more on adults and children outside of the family. This way of perceiving the world helps children get acquainted with
Introduction In Ancient Greece, the most prominent philosophers had their particular visions of the Universe and expressed them in their texts. These philosophical texts were then either supported or confronted by other thinkers, which strengthened this area of knowledge. As for Anaximander, he was a famous philosopher who interested in many spheres, including astronomy, geography, and others. He formulated his central beliefs in the text, known as the fragment of Anaximander. The main message of this text is represented by the Unlimited that is said to be the main element of the things that exist. This philosophical concept seems to be challenging, and detailed analysis is required to comprehend what Anaximander wanted to describe through the Unlimited. Meaning of the Word It is possible to understand the basics of this principle by realizing the meaning of the original word that was used to denote it. In Greek, the belief was called aperion, indicating a lack of limits or boundaries. Thus, the English counterpart seems to reflect the initial idea entirely. However, it is still unclear what kinds of borders the philosopher wanted to discuss. According to a few Greek thinkers, including Hippolytus and Simplicius, Anaximander paid attention to temporal, spatial, and qualitative limits or, more precisely, to their absence. It denotes that everything in the world exists irrespective of time and space, while all things and events are free from any qualitative limits. The latter supposition is supported by the fact that numerous items have opposite qualities, while no condition is typical for everything. Background of the Principle When one wants to comprehend the meaning of Anaximander’s passage, it is necessary to consider the context o
In general terms, elderly abuse is defined as the act of intentionally treating elderly people in a manner that harms them or puts them at a vulnerable situation. As a result, governments have been passing laws that attempt to prevent elderly abuse. When elderly abuse is mentioned, most people think that sexual or physical harassment on the elderly is the only form of mistreatment that qualifies to be abuse. However, elderly people who spent time in their homes are constantly faced by financial abuse. This form of elderly abuse has been described as the second serious abuse they face after neglect. Some researches contacted by different researchers have indicated that seven people out of every 1000 elderly people are victims of financial abuse. It takes the form of embezzlement, extorting money from them and stealing their possessions and property (Payne, 2005). Elderly Financial Abuse Elderly financial abuse sometimes becomes a difficult concept to define due to the notion that elderly people should use their wealth and property for their own benefits. In other words, most legislatures assume that using the assets of an elderly person to benefit another person amounts to financial abuse. However, there are many reasons that may lead elderly people into making the decision to use their money and assets in assisting other people. The most common reason why elderly people may decide to use their resources to assist other people is perceived or real obligation. In addition, they may decide to use the resources as donation to people of their choice. Referring to obligation, an elderly person may take it as his responsibility to use his assets in assisting his children. In cases of donations, it is obvious that the donations have to be in the form of assets. As a result, some of the deeds by elderly people that may be considered as financial abuse may not be actually abuse (Payne, 2005). Most of the cases associated with elderly financial abuse are perpetrated by close family members. These family members steal money, defraud or forcefully obtain other property from the elderly people. For instance, majority of women who are above the age of 80 years are abused financially by their children who are between the ages of 40 and 60 years (Payne, 2005). One of the factors that contribute towards this kind of financial abuse by family members is that most residential homes are under strict control. As a result, there is no possibility of other people intervening in the lives of the elderly people. The children who abuse the elderly financially claim that their parents’ wealth belongs to them hence they have the right to access and use it. For example, cases have been recorded where children take their elderly parents to banks and force them to sign mandates in order
Kurt Vonnegut is one of the most well-known writers of the twentieth century who speaks about social and political problems using satire, acute irony, and black humor. Vonnegut is a science fiction writer who tells about Cold War fears and the threat of the Bomb, the lurking dangers of overpopulation and food shortage on the one hand, and on the other government’s efforts to assuage the population. The threats to the individual, of being dehumanized in an anonymous technological world, of loss of identity, purpose, or power of choice, are implied repeatedly in even lightly humorous stories (Allen 65). Science fiction plots provide the perfect mode in allowing Vonnegut to treat these topics without becoming bogged down in the quagmires of logic that often inhibit their more serious discussion. His novel Cat’s Cradle (1963) vividly portrays his unique style of writing and vision of the world typical for Vonnegut. Critics underline that like many of his works, Cat’s Cradle is an autobiographical novel reflecting his life events and ideals. Kurt Vonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on November 11, 1922. His pedants, Kurt Vonnegut, Sr, and Edith Lieber Vonnegut were third-generation Americans. Vonnegut was a son of an architect, and his family never suffered the severe hardships that affected many families during the Depression. Kurt Vonnegut’s earliest publications appeared in his high school and college newspapers. In themselves, they do not appear exceptional in the quality of either their prose style or their ideas (Allen 12). That is natural enough since they are intended primarily to entertain student readers by being catchy and topical. He wrote for The Daily Echo and the Cornell Daily Sun . The suicide of his mother was a terrible event in his life that had a great impact on the themes and symbols used in many novels. During WWII, Vonnegut was imprisoned in Dresden and spent about a year gathering bodies for mass burial. These events had a profound impact on his themes and were reflected in the novel Slaughterhouse-Five. The novel Cat’s Cradle was accepted as his Master’s thesis. After the war, he worked as a police reporter and further a teacher at the University of Iowa. The second wife of Vonnegut was a famous photographer, Jill Krementz. He had seven children, and four of them were adopted. He spent most of his life in Barnstable, Massachusetts (Allen 43). Vonnegut died in 2007 in Manhattan. Two of his children become writers. and a daughter became an artist. Cat’s Cradle is centered on the themes of science, religion, and technology. The protagonist of the novel, John, describes that he was going to write a novel about Hiroshima, and during his research, he got acquainted with the family of Felix Hoenikker, a fictional developer of the atomic bomb. He develops a substance called ice-nine, but now it becomes a possession of his children, the events take place n a fictional Caribbean island ruled by a dictator. Their religion, Bokononism, is based on irrational actions aimed to bright joy to the community. In order to save his life and receive ice-nine, the dictator kidnaps the son of Felix Hoenikker. Instead of rec
Introduction John Leguizamo is an actor, stand-up comedian, vocal artist and an entertainment producer who has a varied origin. He was born in the year 1964 to a father of Puerto Rican origin and a mother from Colombia (Zook, 7). Tracing further back, paternal grandfather was from Italy while the maternal counterpart was from Lebanon. His father was at one time studying at Cinecitta aiming to be a film director. Unfortunately, he had to drop since he could not afford to pay for his education. At four years old, Leguizamo’s family moved to the United States where they lived in a number of environs of New York. He went to Joseph Pulitzer Middle School and later joined Murry Bergtraum High School. It is here in high school that Leguizamo began writing comic material and practiced it out on his schoolmates (Leguizamo, 8). In his time at Merry Bergtraum, he got the “Most Talkative” vote from his classmates. He joined Long Island University C.W. Post Campus after graduating from Merry Bergtraum and took theater studies. Early career Leguizamo began set off his career rolling as a stand-up comedian in the New York nightspot circuit. His first appearance on television was in 1984 as a twenty year old, where he played a small part in the show Miami Vice (Leguizamo, 9). He also undertook other tasks at this early age. He played a part in a video by Madonna in the same year. The video was entitled Borderline. In 1985, he acted as a buddy of Madonna’s boyfriend in Mixed Blood , in 1989 in Casualties of War , in 1990 in Die Hard 2, and in the following year in Hanging with the Homeboys. In 1991, he played the part of a robber in the video Regarding Henry( Zook, 10) . Leguizamo had another role to play in the famed video Night Owl that was shot between 1989 and 1991. Film As time went by, Leguizamo’s career continued rising as he was considered for roles to play in various films. He featured as John Castillo in the film Whispers in the Dark of the year 1992. In the following year, he played a leading role in the film Super Mario Brothers as Luigi. It kicked off his acting job in Hollywood and remains as one of his unforgettable roles (John Leguizamo Biography, Yahoo Movies). However, the film was widely considered a significant and monetary letdown. To an extent, Leguizamo himself disliked it due to the experiences that he underwent while working on it. Nevertheless, this film acted as a stepping stone to even greater heights as it gave him chances to make appearances in better comic roles in the following years. This boosted the film hit the cult film position among his aficionados. In the same year, he played a high up part as Carlito Brigante’s archenemy in the film Carlito’s Way, which gave his career a really significant shot in the arm (John Leguizamo Biography, Yahoo Movies). Leguizamo went on to star in famed films like Romeo + Juliet, Spawn, Land of the Dead, The Pest and To Wong Foo Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar. He played as Tybalt Capulet in Romeo + Juliet, as Violator in Spa
Definition of Solar Energy   * The definition of solar energy.   * Harnessing solar energy.   * Use of technologies. Solar energy is a type of energy that is obtained through tapping the sun’s rays radiant and converting it into other energy forms such as heat and electricity. According to Richards (56), solar energy is the radiant heat and light form the sun that sustains life on Earth. This scholar argues that solar energy is the most available source of energy on earth. It is harnessed using some special technologies that keep changing with time. These technologies include solar heating, solar thermal electricity and may others. History and Use of Solar Energy around the World   * Increasing demand for energy.   * William Grylls Adams discoveries in 1876.   * Calvin Fuller’s research in 1953.   * Solar energy in US in 1950s. Following the increase in population in the world, the demand for a more affordable and available source of energy. One of the readily available sources of energy is the solar energy. The history of solar energy started in 1876 with William Grylls Adams. This man together with his students, invented the solar cells like selenium which when exposed to the light they produced electricity. However, the light produced was not efficient. Calvin Fuller along with other researchers discovered the silicon solar cell in 1953. The cell was realized to produce efficient light that would ran some electrical devices. This marked the solar energy harnessing phase and by 1956, there were many solar cells in the market. In 1950s some of the US programs were powered using solar cells. Solar Energy Consumption Around the World The use of this source of power varies from one country to another depending with the effectiveness of the available solar harnessing technologies. Solar energy though readily available, it is less affordable to many because of the high cost of the solar cells and the ever evolving solar harnessing technologies which are not affordable to many. Countries like the United States, China and Japan comes top in the solar energy consumption. Germany also is another photovoltaic country that effectively managed to harness this power extensively. According to Boxwell (78), the third world countries have not been left behind in using this source of power. Many countries in Africa also use the power to a large extent. The leading countries in solar energy consumption are illustrated below:   * Germany – 9,785 MW;   * Spain – 3,386 MW;   * Japan – 2,633 MW;   * United States – 1,650 MW;   * Italy – 1,167 MW;   * Czech Republic – 465 MW;   * Belgium – 363 MW;   * China – 305 MW;   * France – 272 MW;   * India – 120 MW. Relationship of Affordable Solar Energy with Engineering   * Traditional use of solar energy.   * The emergency of solar energy engineers.   * The future of solar energy engineering. Solar energy had been viewed as a traditional source of energy used to dry cereals, wood fuel, and such other related activities. However, engineers realized that solar energy can be harnesse