ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction “Three Cups of Tea” is a novel about Greg Mortenson, a humanitarian. Mortenson began his humanitarian mission after he failed to complete his mission of climbing K2, the world’s second-highest mountain and the world’s most dangerous mountain. Depressed, tired, and weary after the climb, Mortenson found himself in the village of Korphe where he was taken in by the villagers and nursed back to health. In On recovery, Mortenson gave some of the villagers his climbing gear and treated their injuries using his first aid kit. He also took a good look at the goings-on of the village and noticed that the eighty-four children of the village were learning in an open ledge where it was being as the only school in the village. In addition, the children did not have learning materials and were using sticks as pens and dirt as their books. Only one teacher was available in the entire village to educate the eighty-four children. Despite the impoverished condition of the children, the children had a burning passion for education. It is this passion that touched Mortenson’s heart and thus began his journey towards mass schooling in the remote areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Mortenson returned back to his homeland the United States leaving the villagers of Korphe with the promise of returning with the sole purpose of building them the first school. This promise was realized when Mortenson receives a check of $12,000 from Dr. Jean Hoerni who had retired from his professions as a physicist and a climber. Armed with the money and necessary building materials, Mortenson returned back to Korphe ready to start building the school but realized that for the mission to be successful, a bridge had to be built to connect the remote village to the rest of Pakistan. The building of the school was then followed by the building of the first school ever in the village of Korphe and the expansion of the mission in other villages across Pakistan and later in Afghanistan. This mission also led to the formation of the Central Asia Institute (CIA), a non-profit organization that helps Mortenson to raise funds and build more schools (Mortenson and Relin 55). Mortenson is able to achieve his dreams and realize ambitions only through his tenacity and determination. These personality traits enable him to overcome the many obstacles he faces along his journey. Being an American and working in Arab regions, Mortenson indeed faces many challenges that any other American would not have persevered. His ability to grasp other peoples’ languages and respect their different cultural beliefs goes a long way in making his mission a success. One of Mortenson’s greatest achievements is the education of girls in a region that does not believe in the progression of the girl-child. In the novel “Three Cups of Tea”, many beneficiaries of Mortenson’s mission testify to the benefits that education has brought them. This paper will analyze the novel “Three Cups of Tea” using a
Introduction Many areas of Western Europe, particularly Italy, Germany and England had greatly advanced in various areas by the beginning of 12 th century AD. For instance, there were advances in social organization, technology, education and economic systems (Haskins 73). The need to acquire new knowledge and develop institutions of leaning was rapidly increasing, especially in religion, theology and nature. Most people were eager to learn religion, natural science and law in a different way. In general, people were tired of traditions and wanted a change in social and cultural aspects. In addition, people were easily accepting and embracing new ideologies. For instance, Italian cities and city-states such as Florence and Rome were changing due to the presence of scholars in philosophy, law and religion (Haskins 88). Any person who was willing to instil some change in the social system was in a position to influence large numbers of people. In fact, great leaders during the 12 century were supported by a public opinion. The desire for change motivated leaders to inspire their societies in a significant way (Benson, Constable and Lanham 53). All these aspects and changes in leadership contributed to the 12 th Century Renaissance. The emergence of great religious leaders at the time is perhaps one of the most important aspects of the renaissance (Moorman 28). However, the emergence of St Francis of Assisi was one of the main forces that opposed change in various regions. Francis and his followers (Franciscan Brothers) created a religious movement that greatly supported the way in which the church handled social, religious and cultural issues. They were advocating for spiritual life. In addition, they advocated for the ‘role and duty of poverty’. In turn, this stand appeared to support the doctrines of the Church. Arguably, Franciscans reacted negatively to the people’s quest for change in Catholic leadership. However, they later benefitted from the 12 th century changes as they sought to free their movement from the church’s political and soci
For a representative of any profession, and especially for a principal, who regularly has to deal with a large number of individuals, it is of pivotal importance to be able to efficaciously resolve conflicts and reconcile people with one another, as well as to help them preserve good relationships with each other and repair these if an adverse situation took place. It is stated that among the powerful defusing techniques which may be employed in order to considerably lower the degree of conflict is the utterance of a statement “I am sorry that happened.” It is advised to utilize it, among other circumstances, in a situation when the principal is dealing with belligerent parents. It is stressed that, on the whole, in a very wide range of situations, it is possible to say the phrase “I am sorry that happened” so as to “defuse” a conflict. It should be noted that uttering that phrase can be sincere in any adverse circumstances, for one will almost certainly be sorry that the situation in question took place. It is important that one does not need to specify why exactly they are sorry; a principal may simply say “I am sorry that happened” to a parent while being actually sorry that the parent is standing in front of them. However, uttering that phrase will still be sincere, and, at least technically, the principal will not even lie at all. It might be possible to assume that uttering that phrase to a belligerent parent will work as a powerful defusing technique because the parent who behaves angrily may sometimes perceive their current interlocutor as an opponent whom they wish to defeat in a verbal contest, or whom they (partly) blame for what has occurred. By saying “I am sorry that happened,” the principal seemingly yields and stops being an opponent; it may even be possible to state that by saying so, the principal takes the side of the parent and shows their compassion with respect to the negative situation in question, thus practically “disarming” the parent by making the subsequent verbal attacks which would otherwise follow pointlessly. It is paramount to emphasize that uttering this statement in a dialogue with an offensive parent does nothing which would compromise the principal. By saying so, the principal does not accept the blame for the situation and does not say that the problem was the principal’s (or anyone else’s) fault. The principal only expresses their (sincere) regret pertaining to the adverse situation in question; it is even noted that the regret will be the stronger the more offensively the parent behaves. Thus, uttering the statement
Introduction There have been a lot of contention in regard to how life came into being. Christians and other religious groups have maintained that creation was done by God as described by the Bible and other holy books. Christians have stuck to the genesis account of creation with some modifying it to suit their respective doctrines and disciplinary influences. Many conservative Christian groups regard the myths of creation that appear in the initial parts of genesis to be literally correct (Frigge, 2009). They do not doubt that it was conducted by God in six days. Many believe that creation was actually done by God exactly as it is described in the Bible and this actually took place circa 4004 BCE as worked out by Bishop Ussher (Frigge, 2009). Other groups of conservative Christians have tried to bring together the genesis creation version with findings in science. They, therefore, believe that God created the Earth and all that is in it; in addition, they believe that the Earth is billions of years old (Frigge, 2009). Most liberal Christian groups simply reject the inerrancy described by the Bible (Halbur, 2007). They point out the fact the individuals who wrote genesis existed in pre-scientific times. Even elementary geology, cosmology, astronomy and biology were far much beyond their knowledge (Frigge, 2009). This group of Christians tends to accept the creation stories described in genesis as imaginative creative works that have no bearing on reality or myths derived from earlier Mesopotamian creation stories that were re-worked by the ancient Israelites (Halbur, 2007). This paper seeks to describe creation truths and myths as described in different written Christian interpretations. The paper will greatly refer to two written works, the Saint Mary’s Press College Study Bible and the Frigge’s textbook, The Beginning Biblical Studies. References will also be made from the “book of Genesis” (Frigge, 200
Flow Diagram. The Key Components of a National Drug Policy A national drug policy is a commitment to a goal and guide for action that involves a complex course of development, implementation, as well as monitoring ( World Health Organization: How to Develop and Implement a National Drug Process 2003). The policy articulates and prioritizes short-term to long-term objectives set by the nation for the pharmaceutical sector, and establishes effective strategies that allows for actualization of the policies. Furthermore, it provides a clear framework through which all activities of the pharmaceutical sector can be coordinated; thereby, promoting equity and sustainability of the pharmaceutical sector ( Medscape: Add This to Your Salad Bar 2012). How to Support the Quality Use of Medicines Relevant sources advice that patients should be given medications according to their clinical requirements, in appropriate doses, span of time, as well as within their financial ability ( World Health Organization: Promoting Rational Use of Medicines 2002). Any use of medicine in a manner that is not compliant with the assertion is considered as being an irrational use of medicine (Waknine 2005). Some of the methods I would use include but are not limited to the following:  1. Clinical Guidelines: I will participate in the development, adaption, as well as adoption of clinical guidelines and emphasize that all concerned professionals follow these guidelines.  2. Supervision, audit and Feedback: In addition, I will advocate for effective drug use supervision in order to ensure appropriate quality of care. This may be achieved through supervision, audit, and feedback forms that are provided to peers and supervisors ( Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing 2004). Appropriate Drug Information As a paramedic, it is indispensable to have an individual list of suitable drug information resources that I can consult whenever is required: The following drug information resources are considered of substantial value; hence, I have selected them for future consultations.  1. Antiretroviral Treatment (ARV) of Adult Infection: This is a restructured guideline that contains new drugs and monitoring approaches including the notion of an additional preventive effect of HAART ( British Columbia Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS: Therapeutic Guidelines 2011).
Briefly discuss the three main challenges to the administration of criminal justice agencies: discipline, liability, and labor relations The three challenges of a criminal justice agency administration (discipline, liability, and labor relations) appear to be interrelated. The liability within the system of criminal justice is always a challenge. In general, the cases of police brutality (or perceived police brutality) are typically controversial, and the guilty party is not always easy to find. An example is the death of Eric Garner, which was caused by an officer when he did not release the man who was claiming to be unable to breathe (Susman & Haller, 2015). The public was outraged by the case, which is understandable, especially since Garner was unarmed, but the officers’ community felt unprotected and unsupported as well, which is similarly understandable given the specifics of their job. Similarly, controversial is the case of corrections workers who are responsible for the people in their custody and can be sued if, for example, an inmate commits suicide (Peak, 2011). As pointed out by Peak (2011), corrections workers were the last to form a professional union, which only proves the need for the protection of their negotiated rights. As a result, a criminal justice agency administration is torn between the need to protect the people from their employees’ misconduct and uphold the reputation of the institution and, at the same time, to protect the employees, who carry out their duties in most unfavorable circumstances, from unjust accusations. However, it is apparent that one of the best ways to ensure employee protection from the cases of misplaced liability consists of providing them with related rules and guidelines. In other words, the primary tool of discipline maintenance is the documents from official policies on various aspects of conduct to recommendations and codes of ethics. In case the employees are provided with clear rules and the rules are consistently enforced through the various tools mentioned by Peak (2011), it is e easier to ensure their protection from the cases of false accusation. Similarly, the same activities are directly connected to the improved protection of the population from the justice system employees’ misconduct. In the end, the reputation of the agency and the justice system as such depends on the maintenance of discipline. Thus, it can be concluded that the three challenges of a criminal justice agency administration are indeed interrelated and interconnected, which means that the resolution of issues in one of these fields is likely to improve the situation with the two others. Discuss how state and federal legislation and case law have shaped the way the criminal justice system has operated and changed over the past several decades. Have the rights of the accused increased or decreased? Provide examples to support your position The criminal justice system is naturally dependent on the changes in legislation. In the US, there exists a combination of federal a
Abstract The paper discusses the Marshall plan of 1947 as a major historical political event of the United States. It begins by acknowledging that this plan was developed from the realization by American policy makers that Europe required aid in order to recover form the devastations caused by the war. The plan was proposed by the then secretary of state, George Marshall who stated that Europe’s weakened economy made her vulnerable to economic and political collapse (Cox & Kennedy-Pipe, 2005). European countries were required to collectively come up with a proposal on the type of aid required and then notify the US. As such, European cooperation was a prerequisite for receiving aid through the plan (Scott, 1995). The paper recognizes that the Marshall Plan was a comprehensive scheme that was proposed for a number of reasons. The first was that the rate of recovery following the War was very slow. Cox and Kennedy-Pipe (2005) state that the US had interest in the recovery of European economy since such a recovery had impacts on its long term economic well being. The aid would also strengthen economies and thus prevent the outbreak of another war. The Marshall plan was also used as a tool for the containment policy which sought to curb Soviet expansionism and influence in the continent. The plan also hoped to prevent nationalistic sentiments that had previously led to the rise of the NAZI party. The paper also reviews some of the positive and negative outcomes of the Marshall Plan. On the positive, the plan is seen to have resulted in the successful reconstruction of Western Europe. The plan also lad the ground works for the integration of European nations, a plan which has culminated in the emergence of the European Union. The plan also acted as a reconciliation tool and former wartime enemies were able to work together in cooperation for the development of the continent. American capitalism was also embedded in European values as a result of the Marshall Plan. On the negative, the paper notes that the plan was a catalyst to the outbreak of the Cold War. The plan also led to the division of Germany into East and West (Chollet & Goldgeier, 2006). The paper concludes by reasserting that the Marshall plan played a monumental role in the revival of Europe and is to be credited with the lasting peace and prosperity that the European countries enjoy. Introduction In its history, the United States of America has had a number of significant political events which have had major consequences for the country and even the international community. One of these monumental events in the political history of the US is the Marshall Plan of 1947. This plan which was designed by the then Secretary of State, George Marshall, is considered by many to be the most successful aid plan implemented by the US. Through the Marshall Plan, Ameri
The human right to the confidentiality of personal life, its inviolability includes the protection of the right to protect personal data from misuse and dissemination. There is no absolute right to privacy in Australian law, and there is no clearly recognized offence of invasion of privacy or similar remedies available to people who believe their privacy has been breached. However, confidentiality is limited and protected by the common law of Australia and a number of federal, State and territorial laws, as well as administrative mechanisms. The privacy laws of Australia deals with several different legal acts. In the field of personal data processing, the main current document is the eleven principles developed in the Commonwealth Privacy Act of 1988 (Cavoukian & Chibba, 2018). However, these regulations do not always meet the rapidly changing conditions of the modern world, characterized by international integration and tremendous progress in information technology. On the other hand, there are recommendations for minimizing the processed personal data and their maximum depersonalization, which makes it challenging to identify a specific person and obtain any other information about her life, property, or health. In the first scenario, several information privacy principles were violated. First, files containing personal information must be stored securely and protected from unauthorized access and disclosure. In this case, Roger, who was left in the photocopy room by the officer, received unregulated access to the worker’s personal information against whom the complaint was filed. Therefore, personal information may be disclosed to another person only if there is consent to the disclosure of personal data. In the first scenario, another principle was also violated, since before viewing the folder with personal information, Roger did not receive consent from either an authorized citizen or an agency employee. In the second scenario, the principle of disclosure of information without the consent of the party was also violated. Despite the fact that the girl was a partner of the student and may have known certain information about the case, Tom had no right to tell details about hearing the student’s misconduct case without his approval. Furthermore, personal information is collected and used only for legitimate purposes, and in this case, Tom’s actions do not have any legality. In the third case, the young person violated the principle of confidentiality of information, which states that personal information can be disclosed to another person only if the interested person is aware of it and has given consent. Janet did not give Brad an agreement to access information about where she lived and when her birthday was. This information can only be used for legitimate purposes, not for personal aims, as in the latter scenario. In all scenarios, it is possible for victims to appeal to the legal authorities. Federal law should provide for the initiation of private lawsuits for invasion of privacy, provided that the rights of citizens are violated. Australian courts should adopt appropriate means, such as injunctions, procedures for d
Price discrimination occurs when goods or services of identical nature retail at different prices from the same provider (Philips, 1983, p. 5). It can also be referred to as price differentiation. Price discrimination is characteristic of oligopolistic and monopolistic markets and it mainly makes use of market power. Success of price discrimination depends on the separation of the markets, in this case, men and women and also young and senior citizens. There is likely to be minimal reselling between the two groups that are targeted by the grocery and the pub. Secondly, market demand must exhibit different elasticities. For instance, the demand of beer among men and women and the demand of groceries among young and senior citizens must show different elasticities. Price discrimination has been used by retailers to attract a particular group of people that is likely to boost sales. Its success is varied though there numerous cases of very high success. Theoretically, price discrimination is likely to succeed in a perfectly competitive market where there are perfect substitutes, perfect information and as well as minimal or no transactional costs (Keat & Young, 2006, p 307). Price discrimination can be categorized into three levels; first degree price discrimination, second degree price discrimination and third degree price discrimination (Mankiw, 2008, p. 328). In first degree price discrimination, the seller or service provider has to identify the position of each customer on the demand curve and then use the infor