ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Britain colonized India under the name British East India Company. The colony was established from a very humble beginning because it was comprised of few structures that were used to handle agricultural produce purchased from the farmers. The British company did not alienate the lands, but imposed taxes on the farmers such that they were left with little profits. The main aim of the British company was to obtain raw materials from India and send them back to Britain for industrial use. In fact, if Britain had not interfered with the economic activities of India, the country would have been one of the most developed nations even before she attained her independence. Wolpert (2003) argues that unlike in other colonies that were ruled by Britain such as in Africa where they took away fertile lands, in India, colonialists changed land ownership system and transformed it in such a way that it was permanently owned; previously, it was owned under tenure. This new land ownership system was an initiative of the then senior administrator lord Cornwallis. The taxes that were imposed on farmers were very heavy which made them to continue living in extreme poverty whereas there lifestyles were expected to improve. This was because the British traders purchased their farm produce at very low prices, which was not fare, compared to the taxes they would pay to the British government. Consequently, the British company introduced intermediaries to collect taxes from Indian farmers. The intermediaries used to squander some of the money they had collected. They then formed a non-formal financial institution that had the mandate of offering loans to farmers, but then the loans came with very high interest rates such that the farmers were unable to repay the money and in the end, the intermediaries had to confiscate the lands from the farmers. Alternatively, the farmers who had incurred huge debts had to sell their farm produce to these intermediaries to enable them repay their loans. In this case, the farmers were being exploited because the debts denied them the opportunity to sell their produce to other potential buyers who would have purchased at competitive prices. This made the farmers to be poorer and the national food reserves declined leading to extreme famine. The zemindars were princes who had lost their power upon the coming of British rule in India, and hence they had exclusive land ownership rights. Nevertheless, they were used to influence Indian farmers to till more lands to meet the high demands of raw materials in England. They were used by the British rule as administrative assistants and thus, at times, they forced people to work in farms because they were acting under instructions from British administrators (Burton 2001). Initially, Indians carr
Context: Case Description and Background Information Improving quality in the system of education is a tricky task that requires addressing a range of complex dilemmas. Despite the fact that the process of enhancing quality standards in the system of the Saudi Arabian education is clearly a positive change to witness (Aldaweesh, Al-Karaghouli & Gallear, 2012), the process may easily become convoluted due to the large amount of factors that need to be embraced prior to the provision of the required alterations. Moreover, the usefulness of the project in question has been basically proven by a range of outcomes of its implication, my experience being one of them. Unless the TQM model had been introduced into the framework of the Saudi Arabian education, students would have been deprived of an opportunity to improve the quality of their performance, as well as boost their motivation rates and acknowledge the significance of learning. Retrospectively, the process of planting the idea of TQM into the Saudi Arabian educational setting in general and the school that I worked in particular may have inspired students to adopt the principle of lifelong learning. Therefore, teachers and learners are the key stakeholders in the specified case. Main principles of change management and Strategies Implemented The integration of the TQM model into the Saudi Arabian education setting can be viewed as a major breakthrough on the state’s way to improving the quality of education and broadening educational perspectives for students within the state. Over the course of my work as an assistant of a teacher in a Saudi Arabian college, I have noticed that some of the quality assurance principles have been altered significantly over the past few years after the integration of the so-called TQM model; allowing for a more efficient time management, creating a set of rather rigid standards, and improving the overall performance of the students. More importantly, the TQM model promotes a rapid and significant increase in the overall competency of the teaching staff; therefore, promoting better quality standards for teaching (Alruwaili, 2013). As a result, the Saudi students are enabled to acquire deeper knowledge and train their skills in a more efficient manner, therefore, contributing to the development of diligence I learners, making them more studious. Indeed, an overview of the existing researches on the effects of the TQM initiative promoted in the Saudi Arabian educational setting will show that the process of decision making in the Saudi Arabian education setting is improved with the help of the above-mentioned tool: “The economy and the dynamics of technology and globalization were the key motivators for introducin
Introduction There are always three problem-solving plans (Myers, p. 8). An algorithm is the first strategy. It is time-consuming, tedious and most precise. It is a methodological way of answering problems, and mostly used in solving computer-based problems. The second one is called heuristic. It is a quick way of solving problems, although it is not a reliable one. One imagines the “likelihood of something”. The third one is called insight. This strategy often involves creativity. The process of problem solving involves identifying, defining, exploring, acting and looking. First, it is better to identify the problem. If they are many, prioritize and define them. The third step is exploring alternatives by writing them. After coming with the best solution, implement it. The forth step is acting. This involves implementing on the solution that has been selected. The last step is looking or evaluating the effects of the solution. There are hindrances to problem solving. The first one is functional fixedness. It hampers innovations because it focuses on one way of fixing problems. Confirmation bias is another hindrance. Some people tend to have overconfidence of their decisions and ideas, and do not use other ways of solving problems. They could be wrong. Decision Making Decision making depends on the information and time available. It encompasses careful planning, sensory perception and thin slicing. Careful planned decisions are the best than the ones made in a hurry (Myers, p. 10). They produce good results. A problem is examined from all perspectives, and do not have doubts. Thin slicing is another way of making a decision. This is an instant way of thinking. It is often-unconscious. Intuition can be considered thin slicing, and is developed by knowledge, experience and training. Extra sensory perception, this decision-making does not involve the use of the senses and is mostly referred to as the sixth sense. Some people predict the future using this source. Judgment Forming It is better to understand the nature of judgment. Judgments are either negative or positive and depends on whether an idea or a subject is accepted or rejected.This depends also on its existence; if it’s non-existing or existing. An idea is accepted if it’s existing and rejected when it is non-existence. Making a judgment resembles making decisions, although they are different in behavioral (Myers, p. 14). People make judgments also by forming impressions. How we perceive people is part of making judgments. Judgment can bring discrimination and prejudice if we do not judge people correctly. People are judged according to certain stimuli they exhibit. They may be personal features i.e. body and face. Other stimuli include: clothing of a person, decisions people make etc. The mood of a person is another stimulus. Theories of Intelligence There are various theories that describe intelligence. Myers describes intelligence as having different mental abilities. They include reasoning, numerical ability, word fluency and perceptual speed. She also gives another theory of intelligence having different forms. There is linguistic intelligenc
Introduction Many scholars have come up with various theories that try to explain the nature of human behavior and the factors that cause the differences in the same. However, there are some discrepancies in these theories and as such individuals continue to develop new theories everyday. This has brought about the emergence of personal theory, which is often used in counseling in an attempt to bridge the gap and discrepancies created. It is worth noting that the theories have some common understanding or interrelated stand when it comes to critical factors of human nature. From these, we can deduce and come up with a precise and thorough understanding of the basic view of human nature, changes of behavior and therapy. My Basic View of Human Nature The human nature can be best described by the distinguishing traits among individuals. These traits include how an individual thinks, feels and acts. These naturally occurring traits constitute the human nature. Therefore, the human nature exhibits some uniformity that is accompanied by feeling. This is what makes individuals be referred to as human. The human nature is usually composed of dynamic and transforming events, which are brought about by the conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind (Miller, 2002). The three works together in unity to constitute the human nature, this is why it is very difficult to precisely describe an individual’s nature since these components are not automatically visible at once. It is also important to know that the human nature comprises of the intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and vocational needs, which must work together in a unified synchronization since the neglect of one will greatly reduce the ability of an individual to withstand adverse effects of life. But, if these factors are well coordinated and monitored, it is possible to control the well-being of a person both in the short term and long term. The Key Factors that Account for the Changes of Behavior Human behavior is affected by a wide array of factors. Among these factors that cause behavior change is the social influence. The social influence has a key role in a change of behavior. It has been proven that our interactions, be it with friends, coworkers and families affect greatly how we behave and sometimes even how decisions are made. An individual cannot exist as a sole entity, thus he or she must interact a lot with people, as a result of this interaction, and individuals often change their behavior by either copying or imitating what others do. It is surprising to note that this can happen even within a very short period of time. People can change their priorities, value systems and believes based on their interactions. Environmental factors also greatly affect behavior change. Individuals have little or no control
Adrienne Rich’s poem “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” dramatizes the conflict between a woman and social conventions that were prevalent in the 1950s when the poem was published. According to the social norms of that time, women were expected to marry and obey their husbands, and marriage was supposed to be a lifelong commitment. In the poem, Rich shows how these social conventions became a form of oppression of women. The speaker depicts a woman, Aunt Jennifer, whose “tigers prance across a screen, / Bright topaz denizens of a world of green” (1-2). These lines describe a piece of art made by Aunt Jennifer – a panel with tigers, which appears to be a way of escaping from oppression in marriage as the poem unfolds. The poem is written using a closed form since it contains three stanzas, each consisting of four lines. It also follows the rhyme pattern of AABB CCDD. Although the form itself does not have a specific meaning, it seems to be not the case for this poem. The author’s choice of a closed form and a traditional rhyme pattern adds to the meaning of the poem, in which the woman is trapped in established social norms. In the first stanza, the speaker illustrates how the woman gives vent to her feelings and her desire for liberation. The tigers on her panel symbolize freedom and represent what she will never be: “They do not fear the men beneath the tree; / They pace in sleek chivalric certainty” (3-4). It seems that Aunt Jennifer would also like not to be afraid of men, but she cannot, so she endows her tigers with this quality. The speaker depicts tigers as “chivalric,” which means related to knighthood. The choice of this word is not arbitrary since it represents many traits, such as bravery, self-confidence, and self-assertion – that is, everything that oppressed women wanted but could not possess. In the second stanza, the speaker portrays Aunt Jennifer. The reader is struck by a sharp contrast between the boldness of Aunt Jennifer’s tigers and the weakness of the woman herself: “Aunt Jennifer’s finger fluttering through her wool / Find even the ivory needle hard to pull” (5-6). The image described by the speaker changes, and so does the rhythm of the poem. The first stanza consists of end-stopped lines, encouraging the reader to make pauses at the end of each line, which creates a measured rhythm. However, beginning with the second stanza, run-on lines often occur, forcing the reader to pause in the middle of the line or read two lines in a row without a pause. The change in the rhythm adds to the entire impression of the poem, implying that the woman’s life was not as steady and peaceful as she would want it to be. The conflict of the poem is revealed in the second stanza when the speaker mentions that the woman is married. The speaker asserts that the woman’s marriage is a burden to her by using such words as “massive weight” and “heavily” (7-8). At the beginning of the third stanza, the poem reaches its climax: “When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie / Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by” (9-10). These
What are your views on Carr’s article? IT doesn’t matter? There are many interesting articles about the role of IT in business. People cannot even notice how IT dependent they have actually become. It is hard to image a modern life without some information technologies, and people should learn how to use them and not become their slaves. Nicholas Carr made an attempt to evaluate the role of IT in 2003. He introduced a thoughtful analysis, comparing various information technologies with other commodities available to people. One of the most powerful aspects of his article is the attempt to involve the reader in the analysis. It is not enough to introduce a list of facts, underline IT strong and weak aspects, and prove that the chosen position is correct. What Carr did was the promotion of analytical thinking among the readers. In fact, the Carr’s article “IT Doesn’t Matter” seems to be a good source of information about the issues that are present in a human life and turn out to be invisible due to their frequent usage and human’s inabilities to stop bringing them into play. The article under analysis shows the way how it is necessary to treat IT not to become completely dependent on it. Still, I think that Carr’s ideas are a little bit out-of-date. The point is that what the author experienced in 2003 in regards to ITs differs considerably from the experiences people have today. Carr (2003) compared IT with electricity or railroad development and proved that IT managers should not use this kind of technology as a competitive advantage due to its ability to be commoditised within a short period of time. Overall, the Carr’s article is interesting and helpful work. Due to his possibility to provide informative explanations and give clear examples and comparisons, the article is easy to read and understand. How have follow-up papers from other authors responded to the views? Many authors are eager to share their own points of view on the work offered by Carr in 2003. Some people strongly agree with the author and believe that his attempt to explain the worth of IT has powerful grounds and is interesting to touch upon. Some people cannot understand his intention to decrease the power of IT completely and try to offer their own ideas. For example, the evaluation offered by Mikeb introduces one of the possible ways of how Carr’s writing can and should be analysed. At the beginning, the author provides a synopsis of the Carr’s work and then explains why it is interesting to analyse Carr’s ideas. Mikeb does not find it necessary to agree with the author on all points. Though Carr uses a number of examples on how to treat and understand IT, Mikeb (2007) mentions that such choice of examples is not well indeed as certain details are omitted, and people are in need of full information and more complicated facts in the recommendation section. However, such writers like Brown and Hagel (2003) admit that Carr’s attention to the details and the comparis
Advertising plays an important role in marketing services or products of companies. Advertising is the art of sending a message, which has been paid for and as a rule is attractive to potential clients on goods, services or opinions communicated by promoters using different media of communication ( Taflinger 7). Mail advertising is a form of advertising that uses direct mail to send messages to the potential customer or company. The message is intended to reach definite target audience. Direct-mail advertising or simply mail advertising is intended to generate a response from the communiqué. For example, an order had been made, appealing for donor aid to support an initiative, an appeal for additional information, or a scheduled time to a place of production or commerce. The success of mail advertising is heavily dependent on a well-organized postal corporation. Direct-mail advertising encompasses the use of fliers, mail, brochures, reprints, circulars, and any material that is send through the post. As a business, when utilizing this critical advertising medium, particular consumers or buyers of your service or product can be identified with selection, moreover, the outcomes can, with no doubt, be calculated with regard to costs that are used per order or costs per response. Nevertheless, a direct-mail promotion that produces as modest as 5% as in rejoinder is generally taken to be a big achievement. Besides targeting the customer, the power of mail advertising is that differences in the proffer and bid can simply be put to test; in addition, there are hardly any restrictions with respect to the content or the format of the message. Practically, each and every kind of business venture can effectively make use of mail advertising. In the USA, i
The microprocessor is an essential part of ever-changing technology, experiencing advancements over time. One may consider a microprocessor as an integral component that executes a set of logical and computational tasks and commands involved in computer processing. Research by Tiwari (2021) reveals that the microprocessor is also commonly referred to as the CPU (Central Processing Unit) or the processor unit of a computer system. Over the years, microprocessors have evolved and undergone immense architectural re-design to improve computer performance. With the battle of which microprocessor is the best in the industry, the Intel Core i9-12900k and the AMD Ryzen 9 5900x stand out to take each other head-to-head. The research will extensively examine the microprocessors to establish their unique advantages disadvantages and conclusively establish a contrast of their similarities and differences. Intel Core i9-12900k Intel CPUs have been embraced in the CPU market for their quality products and unmatched technological advancements. Tiwari’s (2021) research argues that before 2018, the company dominated the market, claiming the title as the ‘Giants’ in the CPU market. Their Intel Core i9-12900k boasts a 30 MB of L3 cache that operates at 3.2 GHz with a boost of up to 5.2 GHz. This turbo clock makes the processor vastly more powerful than its predecessors (Sima, 2018). Elsewhere, the PCLe Component in Intel processors experiences difficulties relating to the sufficiency of power supply for the high-end graphics cards. The new Intel processor remedies the challenge and supports the PCIe Gen 5 (PCLe 5.0), which solves this problem by giving 16-pin connectors to deliver a maximum power load of 662.4W. In addition, Doweck et al. (2017) highlight that the microprocessor has a unique feature that integrates microarchitectures into a single die. The technological advantage is impressive due to the capacity to boost efficiency and deliver intelligent workload optimization. Despite the Intel core i9-12900k processor being powerful and delivering remarkable results, it has setbacks exposing its competitors. The processor is expensive to acquire and is 25% more than its competitor, which is a significant disadvantage. Further, d
Abstract We live in a world that is made up of various categories of people from different backgrounds. Sports form a crucial aspect of society. This is because it is a form of employment and at the same time a form of relaxation for employees. It is worth noting that sports are an international phenomenon. Based on this, it is important to ensure that the various regions within the world are able to access sporting activities that take place across the globe. Thus, there is a need to ensure that people from different backgrounds are able to keep up to date with the sporting fraternity. It is on this basis that there is the need to have sports which can reach different masses of people in different ways. This will ensure that language is not a barrier especially in this regard. Despite the fact that scholarship is aware that translation is a cultural phenomenon, there have been very few instances where there have been studies to align this concept with the prevailing circumstances. This is because the little information which is in existence does not provide tangible information on this subject. The following study seeks to draw attention to the relationship between language, culture, sports reporting, and translation. Introduction Sport is considered to be a social-oriented phenomenon, and, thus, is closely related to language and culture development. In the following paper, such important matters related to sports culture as the relationship between language, culture, and sports reporting, the role of language, the role of mass media in sport, sports activities as important aspects of socialization, Nord’s model of translation and its importance along with some of the examples of sports reporting will be examined. Overall, the paper aims to show some key cultural and social research in the area of translation – namely – to demonstrate how the translation of sporting events reflects a number of cultural and social biases inherent in the original language of the sports journalist and the adoptive language of the translator. The Relationship between Language, Culture and Sports Reporting When speaking about the impact of language and culture on sports reporting, one is to keep in mind the relationship between the issues. So, first of all, it should be pointed out that sport is recognized to be the so-called competitive use of physical and mental skills. Culture and language, in their turn, depend upon each other and seem to facilitate interaction processes between individuals. The thing, which seems to be common for all the issues, is that language, culture, and sport play an important part in human evolution. “Most civilizations know sports activities of an elementary nature: running; boxing; wrestling; animal fights; horse races; throwing the ja