ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The merger of Daimler and Chrysler encountered various difficulties. These difficulties entailed the managerial policies adopted. They failed to motivate employees in one organization while the culture clash resulted in the decline of one of the organizations. Some of the models discussed can assist in the understanding of the issues, which Daimler-Chrysler encountered. The managers’ failure to provide leadership in the above situations also contributed to Chrysler’s decline. Additionally, manager failed to enact a learning and development model, which would have promoted career development in Daimler-Chrysler. Motivation Motivation denotes an intrinsic or extrinsic drive to undertake an activity. It has become an imperative aspect of management. Motivation increases employees’ productivity and that of the entire organization. There are various theories that have analysed motivation among employees. The resultant assertions by researchers have provided vital details pertaining to motivation. However, their conclusions have differed owing to the environment in which the research was undertaken and the samples utilized. One of the models on motivations is the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The theory establishes five levels of needs that are fulfilled in a sequence (McGuire 2012, p. 174). Fulfilling needs requires income that will finance the resultant expenses. As such, remuneration becomes the most imperative factor in the application of this model. If Daimler-Chrysler adopted this model, then it would have to increase its wage bill massively. Nonetheless, the corporation in question Daimler-Chrysler, is a profit motivated entity. Hence, it has to manage its wage bill to sustainable levels, which will ensure that it maintains a certain level of profitability. The possible increase in the wage levels would be minimal. This is further compounded by the fact that the entity’s performance was deplorable. Thus, increasing expenses through wages would be a managerial choice that would worsen the crisis in this entity. According to current management theories, modern employees are motivated more by non-financial aspects of their careers than monetary aspects. Therefore, managerial policies that encourage career development, recognition of contribution at work places and other desirable working conditions would be key to motivating employees. Motivation of employees has changed. This has made the recommendations of classical managerial theories irrelevant since they treated employees as machines. Thus, according to classical theories the only way to motivate employees was through finances. The applicability of this model in the motivation of employees at Daimler-Chrysler is limited. Employees are motivated by many factors other than remuneration, which is central in this classical motivation model. Reduced motivation emanated from issues such one organization dominating the other in the merger and the resultant change in managerial policies after the merger. Maslow’s model does not address such issues. Hence, its applicability in this case study is limited. Motivation of employees in this institution would enta
Introduction In response to an article written on Dubai by Jonathan Hari and published online on 07 th April, 2009 by “The Independent,” Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi published a rejoinder on 10 th April 2009 in which he not only disparages Hari’s style but also his professionalism and motivating factor (Qassemi, 2009). In this essay, I will show that while the two journalists definitely have clear distinction in their approach towards influencing their readership and in their attitude towards their subject matter, certain similarities and differences can still be drawn between them and their articles. Discussion Hari’s article seeks to portray Dubai as a city state whose size and prosperity was achieved in a period so short as to be considered unreal (Hari, 2009). He shows its growth is sustained by consumerism and unsustainable economic and environmental practices; and most importantly, he portrays it as a sweatshop whose growth relies on the exploitation of immigrants in a classic case of modern day slavery. Qassemi, in his rejoinder, seeks to call Hari’s intentions into question and query his credibility, professionalism, honesty and fairness. Thus, he questions his alleged overgeneralization of otherwise possibly isolated cases of maltreatment of immigrant laborers; and to show that similar problems to those that Dubai face are to be found everywhere including in established western cities such as London itself. Differences The first major difference between the works of the two journalists is that while Hari adopts a direct approach to his exploration of the dark side of Dubai, Qassemi favors a more implicit way of achieving his goals. He hides behind the veil of a theoretical situation in order to achieve his criticism of the city of London. For instance, he starts on the many hypothetical problems he might have chosen to tarnish London which had not come to his senses by stating “say for example that I had written an article that states that, in wealthy first world Britain there are 380,000 homeless people…” (Qassemi, 2009). This allows him to both highlight London’s problems, a city he claims to love, while portraying his sensibility in refusing to exploit them. Hari on the other hand is explicit and leaves one little doubt regarding his intentions from the outset. For instance, he writes regarding the popular notion that Dubai owes its existence to the sheikh: “but this is a lie. The sheikh did not build this city. It was built by slaves. They are building it now” (Hari, 2009). The second difference between the two writers is that while Hari leans towards the New Journalism by refusing to report impersonally and instead infusing his opinions into his work and using the opinions and emotions of his interviewees to prove his point, Qassemi tends to be more traditional especially regarding the statistical and objective nature of his sources. For instance, Hari writes regarding a deserted hotel: “standing in the middle, there is a giant shining glass structure that looks like the intestines of every guest who has ever stayed at the Atlantis” (Hari, 2009). This is clearly his subjective impression of the hotel
Introduction A family can be defined as domestic group of people linked together by either a common descent or ancestry or marriage (Avner, 2005, p. 1): “A family is also defined as two or more persons who are related by blood, marriage or adoption and who live together as one household “(Washington Post, 1998, p. 1). The identification of the family is based on two factors: first is blood relationship and two is genealogical ties and the first one is more concerned with the transmission of identity among its members while the second one concerns relations. The family is one of the greatest pillars of the society. It is also a fundamental social institution and also an important agent of socialization and a source guidance, support and belonging (Eshleman, 2000, p. 1). Just like any other institution, the family has its own set of norms, roles and values which are tailored to meet the specific objectives of the society. The family is both a social system and a social group. It is a social system in the sense that it consists of several interrelated parts which play certain functions; it is also a system because it forms part in the societal spectrum. The family as a social group primarily concerns the various individuals or persons that form the family and the roles played by these individuals. Modern definition of the family totally contradicts the traditional definition. The lack of a modern and conventional definition of a family has been linked to dynamism of culture and the different form that the family has assumed. Traditionally a family comprised of two parents and exceptionally single parent and this is no longer the case since there is emergence of preferred single parentages, adoptive families, same sex families, and blended families (Eshleman, 2000, p. 1). Influence of Social factors and cultural changes on family transmission The traditional perception of the family is vanishing at a faster rate. Modern family is characterized by fewer marriages, more divorces and increase in the number of children born to unmarried or single parents. Consequently, increased lifestyles founded on practices like cohabitation, separation and homosexuality have changed family image. The ever-growing challenge is how to reinvent the family and its future (Beck-Gernsheim, 2002, p. 1). According to Beck-Gernsheim (2002), the traditional family was community based; homosexuality was illegal and a condemned act. All this has been eroded by legalized use of modern medicines to substitute sexuality and reproduction and liberalized laws that permit same sex marriage. The dynamis
The role of a person in any business is significant because a person has extreme powers to control the situation and predict possible outcomes. However, the predictions can often be false and consequences can be unexpected. The qualities of a leader and the prolonged financial success cannot guarantee the further progress tomorrow. The arguments to support this statement cannot be found with references to Joseph Conrad’s The Heart of Darkness and to the analysis of the financial crisis presented in The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report. In spite of the fact the situations are rather different, it is necessary to discuss the possibilities of the other outcomes and results. Mr. Kurtz is one of the main characters of The Heart of Darkness. He is described by the other characters as the wise and successful monopolist who has the great knowledge and understands the aspects of life. His leadership abilities are prominent as well as his inner power (McCuaig). Thus, “Mr. Kurtz is a remarkable man” (Conrad 57). Mr. Kurtz is characterized by charisma and effective organization skills, but in reality, he reflects the behaviour of a tyrant which leads him to the rather inglorious end (Goonetilleke). Nevertheless, paying more attention to the interests of the other people and being focused not only on material success but also on the progress, Mr. Kurtz could achieve higher results and more respect. Mr. Kurtz chose only one perspective from which it was possible to assess the advantages of having financial benefits. The other important aspects were not considered as key ones. That is why, the end of the story could be the other for the Africans and ‘civilized’ persons dependent on Mr. Kurtz in the case of choosing the other ways to realize the leadership abilities. The participants of the financial crisis could also prevent its development while changing the perspective of their daily business progress. It is stated in The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report that “dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions were a key cause of this crisis” (“The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report” xviii). Moreover, “the crisis was a result of human mistakes, misjudgments, and misdeeds that resulted in systemic failures for which our nation has paid dearly” (“The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report” xxiii). A lot of officials did not focus on the risks involved in the venture. That is why, they failed to find the appropriate ways with the help of which all the possible risks could be controlled or coped with. The report states that a lot of the monetary firms acted carelessly, and the companies’ leaders took a great risk while trying to work with very small starting capitals and while relying on the temporary funding (“The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report”). Thus, having analyzed the situations depicted in the book and the crisis, it is possible to note that the whole nations became victims of the leaders who concentrated only on their welfare and prominence and could not predict the dramatic consequences of their actions. Taking into
Abstract Ballistic is the science of hurling missiles and involves the study of dynamics and projectiles. But in here mostly we will dwell on the different types of bullets and the damage they cause and particular operations they might be used for. There are three major types of bullets used and these are: frangible bullets, non-expandable bullets, and expandable bullets. Firstly, the frangible bullets are the bullets which upon being fired disintegrate upon hitting the target. Depending on the type of the target they might even turn to powder. They are mostly used in shooting sports and training operations by military or police. Secondly, we have the non-expandable bullets which upon hitting the target they do not split into pieces but penetrate the body and if they go through the target their structure is not changed. They are mostly used wild games where deep penetration is required in large and tough hunting. Some of our armed forces also use it in some extreme cases where the state defense is required. Finally the expandable bullets are the type of bullets which upon hitting the target they expand since they are fired under high velocity. Some even expand, with such a high velocity that before reaching the target they are expanded. When the bullet hit the target they expand and enlarge the hole such that the organs are severely destroyed producing an instant kill to an animal, also they can be used in hunting and in a State situation where military operation on terrorist is required. Introduction We need to understand the meaning of ballistic and what it entails. Ballistics is the science or art of hurling missile weapons from an engine. We can say that this is science which involves the study of dynamics and projectiles relating to internal action of fire arms. In particular we shall dwell on the use of different types of bullets the type of damage each inflicts, and particular operations they might be used for. Different types of bullets Basically bullets can be differentiated in different ways; since they differ in weight, shape, and manufacturer, either by shape, use or the construction. Here we shall dwell on categorizing by the bullet construction. In construction we have the following: frangible, non-expanding and expanding. Each of these has a specific reason and use of it. Frangible Bullets As the meaning of the name, the bullets upon hitting the target are reduced to small part. These bullets do not have a deep penetration. Frangible bullets are armed of non toxic metals and are free of lead metal. They are used in short ranges (Beers 2). (Fossey 1) These bullets are used by police for training purpose since after hitting they turn to dust on a hard target. These bullets are also used in combat training (Fossey 1). Non-expanding bullets (FMJ) These are bullets which upon hitting a surface do not get damaged but remain as they were. The bullet has the capacity to penetrate the target and the penetration is usually greater than frangible bullets. It has been noted that, “the FMJ –
In modern society, geometry in architecture relates shapes with mathematical formulae in the realm of numbers and equations based on the coordinate number system. Typically, that is derived from the ancient view of geometry. However, the agency of geometry is based on drawing where the architect communicates meaning and ideas based on a set of conventions and views using lines that are mathematically connected to produce a coherent design to construct the object to completion (King, 2; Putz, 4). Thus, drawing relies on the agency of geometry in architecture, making both drawing and geometry complimentary. One must exist in the realm of the other. With that brief argument in mind, the agency of geometry has been in existence in the architectural discipline with time and the complementary nature and significance of drawing and geometry as an agency in architecture bearing weight based on different architects. However, geometry as an agency and its significance have been a point of contention in the architectural world in the past centuries with different architects providing different views of the significance of geometry in their works. A typical example is a difference existing between the perceptions of the significance of geometry in architecture in the works of Borromini’s, S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome (1637-41) compared with that of Adam’s, Syon House, Middlesex (1761). Thus, there is a compelling urge to conduct an in-depth analysis of the views presented by different authors on the perceptions of the significance of the agency of geometry in both cases mentioned above (King, 2). To search into the significance of geometry based on the perceptions of the architecture of the past centuries and their perceptions about the agency of geometry, it is crucial to briefly discuss the importance of geometry as perceived in the past centuries. The importance of geometry emerged in the 17th century when a church, despite the scarcity of financial resources and a tiny site, was erected at the four fountains intersection in Rome in 1643 based on a design by Francesco Borromini (King, 2). The design was a demonstration of the significance of geometry which showed how the design evolved from an elongated cross to an oval, then an octagon. Typically, that design was based on an underlying geometrical structure that had different shapes amalgamated into the single geometrical shape, the design that was translated into the final building. Though it has been contended that these shapes had been redrawn in the successive centuries, other researchers contend that position by asserting the significance of geometry in the design and construction of the church in 1634 (Mostafavi, 3). The geometry of the church had an underlying mathematical relationship in which different shapes were integrated into a single shape. These shapes included two triangles sharing a common base with perpendicular erections projected from their sides, and an inscription of two tangential circles that formed the point of focus that further yielded an oval inscription (Mostafavi, 3). In addition to that, the geometrical shapes were mat
Introduction The cheesecake factory is a restaurant business that operates over 165 upscale in America and manages bakery production facilities. David M. Overton is the company’s founder, started the first Cheesecake Factory restaurant in 1978 in Beverly Hills, California. The first restaurant established the approaching group project. The company operates one self-service and other baked goods. In 2006 Cheesecake factory opened a second bakery in the Rocky Mount plant which handles the delivery of products for the eastern half of the United States. In early 2011the Company then expanded to the Middle East. What are the components of a restaurant concept? A restaurant business is a risky investment, but starting the restaurant in the right marketplace can be accomplished within a short period. The components of a restaurant concept that make a successful restaurant business investment are: The selling point, apart from giving the customer the best food and service, also requires “specific” products to market to attract more customers. It is an emotional connection with the customer, and they will always remember it. People use a different strategy to conduct their business, and having an unusual pricing strategy will attract more customers than comparing your opponent products’ price. The Cheesecake factory has pricing menus focused on gross profit. The cheesecake marketing strategy helps them to sell their product and service. By using the “word of the mouth”, where another client a recommended to the restaurant by the old customers, people know the plant products. Cheesecake also advertises its products online, for the potential customers understand their delicious product and can make an order. Marketing ploy attendance is a prerequisite then having nutritious food, and there is a need to collect data and modify it to be able to understand the market trend of the business. What are the unique selling points that have led to the success of the Chee
Introduction Culture is a function of various elements, including food, language, rituals, and social structures. China has a very large population, which makes it interesting to study its norms and cultural values. The development of knowledge about culture reveals some of the manifestations of a given society. For instance, there are certain unique elements of the culture portrayed by the Chinese people, which distinguish them from other societies in the world. Language is one of the major elements of culture that provides a clear distinction between one cultural group and the others. Chinese culture is one of the oldest cultures, as evidenced by the presence of numerous writings from the past, highlighting some of the elements of the culture. While some of the norms in Chinese society have faced fundamental changes over the years, there are some that have survived through the centuries. This paper looks into the Chines culture, with a close focus on class, culture, assimilation, foods, and the rituals associated with the Chinese people. Class Since the Qin Dynasty, the Chines society has always been keen on the development of clear boundaries for different classes. Class in the society is associated with a high influence on the development plans and decisions of the society, and it is apparent that the highest class has always been associated with a high level of income. Traditionally, the Chinese society comprised of three social classes, including the upper class, which was made of landlords, the middle class was comprised of merchants and craftsmen, while the lower class was made of the peasant. This structure of the society is still in effect, but recent social and economic developments have seen an exponential increase in the number of Chinese people in the middle class. Ironically, the middle class in the society has a higher bargaining power on social, economic, and political issues in China. Culture Chinese culture is clearly highlighted in the heritage of society. The Chinese heritage is seen through the religious groups in the nation. Buddhism is the most popular religion in society because it was among the first religions to spread to Asia from India. Taoism is also very popular in this society because it is native to the Chinese people. Islam has also spread into China from various Arab nations. There are also about 10 million Christians in China ( Religions in China , 2016). The presence of different religious groups indicates that the Chinese culture is associated with a strong belief in spiritual growth among the people. The Chinese culture is also highlighted