ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Zen Buddhism has had a big influence on the development of tea ceremony in Japan. The Tea Ceremony was a custom which came to Japan from continental China and had a dramatic influence on the country’s culture. Zen Buddhism has strengthened the relevance of this ceremony because it is done within tranquil surroundings influenced by nature. This tea is served in a tranquil environment and involves a set of practices which hold a lot of relevance to all those who participate in the ceremony. The ceremony is organized by a skilled expert who needs to be familiar with different types of tea. 1 This practice is deeply rooted in Zen Buddhism and gives more relevance to the ideas of harmony, respect, purity and tranquility. These ideas are combined with the design of the gardens, art forms, external and internal décor, within settings where the ceremony takes place. Zen Buddhism makes followers have a world view which is mainly influenced by nature. Therefore, it makes followers appreciate the harmony which exists in the simplicity of nature and the way it influences form and beauty. 2 Zen Buddhism encourages all those who take part in the Tea Ceremony to meditate more, to enable them have a deeper reflection of themselves and the kind of lives they are leading. The ceremony encourages strong spiritualism and those who participate in it must make their minds and bodies relax, to help them meditate fully on their purpose in this world. This makes people who participate in the tea ceremony to have a more intellectual insight into all things which contribute to existence. The four concepts which influence the discipline of the tea ceremony will be discussed below. The ‘Wa’ (Harmony) principle emphasizes a feeling of unity between nature and human beings. This is reinforced in the tea ceremony in the way the host relates with his guests and the way guests relate wi
Introduction Overview The concept of symptom clusters has recently become an important concept in symptom related nursing research, especially in cancer (Donovan & Jacobsen, 2007: Fan, Hadi & Chow, 2007: Given, Given, Sikorskii & Hadar, 2007: Given, Given, Azzouz, Kozachik & Stommel, 2001: Kirkova, Aktas, Walsh, Rybicki & Davis, 2010a: Kirkova, Walsh, Aktas & Davis, 2010b). The concept of symptom clusters was initially developed in psychology and psychiatry, and then developed to general medicine. It has been extensively utilized in these disciplines for many years now. However, the concept of symptom clusters is comparatively new to the nursing discipline. Even though concurrent symptoms are frequently reported in clinical practice, surprisingly, symptom management research has not reflected this reality (Dodd, Miaskowski & Lee, 2004: Aktas, Walsh & Rybicki, 2010: Barsevick, 2007a)). According to Miaskowski, Dodd & Lee (2004), symptom clusters is the new frontier in symptom management research. Researchers suggest that specific symptom clusters have a cooperative effect on the patient outcomes and prediction of morbidity (Dodd et al, 2004: Barsevick, 2007b). The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of symptom cluster using the Schwartz-Barcott and Kim’s hybrid model of concept development. The review of literature in five different disciplines will serve as the theoretical phase of the process of exploration. These fields include business, astrology, psychiatry and psychology, nursing and general medicine. This will be followed by observation of people clusters in the field, and finally ending with the analytical phase. Theoretical Phase The main focus in this phase is to develop a foundation for subsequent phases through thorough analysis and concept modification. It starts with identification of an initial definition, searching for literature and identification of the essential elements of definition and measurement. This phase will culminate in the identification of a working definition for the fieldwork (Schwartz-Barcott & Kim, 2000: Barsevick et al, 2006). Review of Literature Cluster in Business Literature The concept of cluster is an essential concept in business. In 1990, Porter introduced the term of “business cluster” (Porter, 1990: Porter, 1996). Porter (1998a) defines business cluster as a geographic concentration of interrelated businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a specific field. It has been shown through literature that this term has been interchangeably used with other terms such as industry cluster, competitive cluster, or Porterian cluster. However, in earlier definitions, geographical concentration was not seen as a major characteristic of a cluster. Czamanski and Ablas (1979) refer to clusters as “a group of industries connected by important flows of goods and services”. Porter’s contribution to this issue defines an industrial cluster as a set of industries related through buyer-supplier relationships, common technologies, common buyers or distribution
Introduction On the one hand, realism and impressionism are not linked with each other, however, it should be emphasized that both influenced the development of arts, and similar features may be found in both art styles. In fact, the key aim of art criticism is to realize the nature of the work and try to understand the author’s motives which originated the concept of the creation. Therefore, the question of the origin of the works of art becomes a question about the nature of art. Two concepts are used to provide explanations about the work of arts, realism, and impressionism, each of them differing from the other in terms of their unique characteristics. The aim of the paper is to realize the link between realism and impressionism and define the influence of these two styles on each other. Realism The basics of realism are closely associated with the necessity to render the objects, items, and characters as they look and exist in the real life. The true-to-life manner is the key aspect of this art style; that is why realistic images and characters often lack the charm of something unknown and mysterious. On the other hand, they are true and sincere, which makes them close to the audience. In fact, realism has an aesthetic and a cognitive dimension, neither of which can be wholly separated one from the other. Aesthetically, realism refers to certain modes and conventions of verbal and visual representation that can occur at any historical time; however, it is connected particularly to the secular and rational forms of knowledge that constitute the tradition of the Enlightenment, stemming from the growth of scientific understanding in the eighteenth century. Underpinning enlightenment thought is an optimistic belief that human beings can adequately reproduce by means of verbal and visual representation. The origin of realism lies in the unconscious convictions of man and his development in making it a conscious and logically grounded self-consistent theory. What we see with our eyes and touch with our hands is real and exists independently in space and time; this is an instinctive belief of man. Indeed, its formulation and its vindication are the work of reflective thought. However, from instinct to thought, and from an unconscious belief to a well-worked-out theory, there is a long and weary way. Conscious realism is the idea that hovers before it; the struggle consists of realizing this ideal and until this ideal is realized, the process is never complete. These attempts are the beginning of realism. However, the questioning of the validity of the realistic instinct consists of denying the directness of perception and the independent reality
Introduction The Chrysler Corporation was first founded on June 6, 1925, by Walter Percy Chrysler with the residual assets of Maxwell Motor Company. Laying the groundwork for an empire that would rival General Motors and Ford, Chrysler started by taking over Dodge and adding two new makes that incorporated Plymouth and DeSoto. In 1998 Chrysler was purchased by Daimler-Benz, and still stays one of the leading American automotive producers, best known for their many manufacturing features and leading presentation edge. Intangible resources Around the world, Chrysler more than 75,000 employees are working together That heritage provides a firm foundation upon which to build our future success. We’re excited about the evolution of our strong brands and the new products we’re developing. The requirements for the candidates are:   * GPA of 3.5 – based on a 4.0 scale   * Automotive internship or work experience or applied research position   * Proven strengths in analysis, creative problem solving, communication, interpersonal relationships, self-motivation, and leadership   * Have applicable work experience or internship   * Demonstrated written/oral communication skills   * Ability to interact with others in a team atmosphere   * Automotive or supplier quality interest   * Active in extracurricular activities such as student organizations, business or social organizations, or athletics Borrowing capacity Chrysler Corporation announced today that it has exercised its option to increase its borrowing capacity. The Revolving Credit Facility, which is scheduled to mature in February 2011, bears interest based on either a base rate plus a margin ra
Over the years, multiple standpoints to illuminate the morality of human actions have emerged. Humans have striven to produce a perfect theory to act as a point of reference when evaluating human actions. This has resulted in the emergence of a multitude of systems of beliefs. However, two theories have stood out in this debate. These are the ‘utilitarian theory and the Kantian theory. This write-up will argue against utilitarianism from the point of view of Kant’s theory – categorical imperative (Poijman & Peter, 2009, p. 20). Utilitarianism is a moral standpoint that was propounded by Bentham and Mill. Advocates of utilitarianism argue that seeking maximum happiness is the most ethical thing an individual can do for a society (Poijman & Peter, 2009, p. 22). According to them, actions have measurable results: ‘choices of morality’ have results that give “maximum happiness” to a large number of societal members. Utilitarianism hence examines human actions based on outcomes (Poijman & Peter, 2009, p. 23). Arguing from the point of view of a categorical imperative, utilitarianism is a system that treats people “as means to an end.” Kantianism bases its validity on a ‘universal principle of ethics, which guides every human action no matter how circumstances or desires may be (Poijman & Peter, 2009, p. 23). This imperative is categorical and is normally directed by reason and not circumstances, need, or desire. According to Kant, Utilitarianism is a wrong system because instead of acting out necessity and duty, its actions are based on outcomes. To him, this form of understanding is not experience-based. It uses its power to unify and direct human behavior. It is not conditional. Kant accuses utilitarianism of being conditional (Poijman & Peter, 2009, p. 26). In the words of Kant, utilitarianism cannot be used as a yardstick in the evaluation of human actions because it is not universal. To him, like the categorical imperative, a moral law should apply to all rational beings, should be unconditional, and should come before experience. The utilitarian theory passes none of these verification requirements. Because of their sensuous nature, human beings experience the law of morality as a constriction. They tend to act in a contradictory manner because of the frequent moral dilemmas encountered. This explains why people often indulge in evil or immoral deeds (Poijman & Peter, 2009, p. 27). From a Utilitarian moral standpoint, “the end justifies the means”. Human actions are evaluated based on the outcomes and not on motives. On the contrary, Kant sees the results as obsolete in determining a ‘moral course of action’. To him, the intention is paramount in evaluating human actions concerning morality. In the modern world, utilitarianism has gained unmatched popularity, especially in the
IT governance is the aspect of designing, procuring, and guarding all the information technology resources. NASA has some of the most sophisticated IT equipment aiding their daily space research exploration. The current NASAs expenditure stands at $1.5 billion yearly (Lifshitz-Assaf, 2018). Nevertheless, challenges arise due to the decentralized nature of the IT facilities at NASA (Tonelli et al ., 2017). Therefore, it attracts thorough scrutiny of the determinants of NASA’s successful operations in consuming their information technology. The importance of IT governance at NASA is crucial in building integrity among the workers and the stakeholders. Most IT facilities are prone to hacking; this is a challenge that draws attention to data privacy and strict governance in every firm. On the other hand, NASA has adopted a decentralized method on its IT system management in which several entities and individuals operate the IT independently. This practice opens loopholes for errors and high chances that may lead to loss of data at NASA (Mikalef et al ., 2018). Therefore, if the firm adopts strict information technology governance such as a centralized system, information, data safety will be guaranteed (Lifshitz-Assaf, 2018). With the Chief Information Officer (CIO) at the epitome of decision making, IT governance, responsibility, and accountability become a way of guarding the systems. Another critical aspect of information governance to NASA as a multifaceted firm is facilitating the desired outcomes. For a significant relationship and value creation in this IT investment agency, aligning the staff towards oversight from the management is important (Tonelli et al ., 2017). Moreover, IT governance assures value creation, additionally, it also provides interfaces of risk mitigation. On top of these, the exercise enhances management performance, which is pivotal in the achievements of every IT-related firm (Une Lee, Zhu, and Jeffery, 2017). NASA should adopt IT governance that subsequently helps in pulling together available resources in the firm, to boost quality research. This can be achieved through application frameworks such as control objectives for information and related technology. NASA will identify the pivotal inputs and outputs in the essential processes aimed at enhancing objectives, quality delivery, and the firm’s high performance (Une Lee, Zhu, and Jeffery, 2017). Currently, NASA continues to operate its IT facilities underscoring the critical role played by the CIO of the company. Such measures have derailed the company’s faster achievements since the decisions made in NASA IT governance processes sometimes conflict. Additionally, it has bred some of the challenges that the agency is facing as a space exploration center. The challenges at NASA mostl
The thing about a victim that is tragic is in each is a penchant to victimize. Subtly, in “ shows this to his readers. Two parent-child relationships are on display in this short story. One is shared by the main character, who remains unnamed, and his mother. The other is shared by the main character’s two neighbors. Brandi is 9-years old, and is the title character. She “latched onto” (Sedaris, 2009, p.1) the main character shortly after he moves into her building. Her relationship with her mother can be best summed by the following: “A normal mother might have wondered what was up—her nine-year-old daughter spending time with a twenty-six-year-old man—but this one didn’t seem to care” (Sedaris, 2009, p.1). The main character’s relationship with his mother can be summed also: “She liked to take my problems back to the source, which was usually me” (Sedaris, 2009, p.1). His mother is overbearing, while Brandi’s is neglectful. Though the main character claims to be reaching out to the young girl, he cannot help but to make use of her vulnerability to help himself feel smart, strong, and capable—a stark contrast to the insufficiency he must endure in his dealings with his mother. Brandi steals from him, at which point the major conflict emerges. The important thing to notice is that both of these children victimize each other in proportion to the extent of their own victimizations. The main character’s mother stays true to her overbearing nature in response to this conflict. She insists that he leave the building, and she finances his move into an apartment some blocks away.
As an international student, I knew nothing about Jackie Robinson and the history of integration before examining the course materials and watching the film. Therefore, reading “Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete,” written by William C. Roden, was a completely new experience. It was advantageous to become aware of this person’s significance to the United States and the resolution of the racial issue in sports in particular. Also, the presence of numerous sources of different kinds, such as movies and books, allowed for comparing the presented information about Jackie Robinson, which was interesting from the perspective of other people’s attitudes to the matter. It is clear that there is a similarity between the narrative of Disney’s “42” and the facts, which are generally known to the public concerning this story, as I can see from others’ feedback. However, because this information is new to me, I can only rely on my classmates’ opinions in considering the common elements in these areas. They claim that the resemblance is definite, whereas the differences are insignificant since this piece accurately depicts the actual events. Hence, I tend to agree with them, and the book’s chapters are evidence of this stance. In turn, the comparison of Rhoden’s writings with the film shows that the former adds more details to the story and, consequently, to the context of the described events. Thus, for example, the problematic integration of black athletes was multi-faceted as it included various aspects, such as the perception of interdependence by African Americans (Rhoden). In the chapter, it was written that this concept was crucial for their achievements in the field, whereas the people who intended to join the white leagues were deprived of this assistance (Rhoden). Thus, Rhoden’s work changes the story by showing the psychological underpinning of this process. Works Cited 42. Directed by Brian Helgeland, performance by Chadwick Boseman, Legendary Pictures, 2013. Rhoden, William C. Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete. Crown Publishers, 2006.
Introduction The competitive of the marketplace is very beneficial to the public in that it ensures that the very scarce resources are made available to the public in their highest values. Despite this benefit, there are certain limits to the marketplace. For instance, the production of a certain good that is economically important to both consumers and producers or even to the nation may be prohibited. In other cases, their production may either be below or above the average or required production. This situation is referred to as market failure which occurs when the marketplace fails in its allocation of resources meant for production of goods by either under allocating or over allocating the resources. When such cases occur, the government, then, comes in to play its economic role to the public. This is because the marketplace is considered a private sector of the economy rather than a public venture. However, the government, in its efforts to revive the economy mainly through taxation, it faces certain inefficiencies which have the potential to prevent the efficiency of the process. This paper will, therefore, look at the conditions at which the marketplace is considered to have failed and the role played by the government in during such interventions (Block 1). Public goods Public goods may be defined as goods whose consumption by one individual does not hinder other individuals from consuming the same good. Public goods are characterized by two aspects; nonrivalry and nonexcludability. Nonrivalry applies to a situation which allows for simultaneous consumption of a good by many people without interference. Thus, in this aspect, public goods can be consumed simultaneously by everyone. For instance, enjoyment of a well protected environment by one person cannot hinder other members of the public from enjoying the same. The nonexcludability aspect of public goods implies that everyone is inclusive in the benefits associated with the public good as long as it exists. This is because there are no ways that can effectively prevent some people from enjoying the good. For instance, there is no way some public members can be prevented from enjoying street lights as long as they are in place and on. These characteristics of public goods creates a condition known as free rider problem whereby any public good, regardless of the producer, is enjoyed by everyone most of which are not payers of the good because, logically, many people cannot pay for something which they can get hold of free of charge.The demand for public goods is, therefore, not expressed in the marketplace due to the free rider problem. Due to this factor, many potential firms are not willing to provide resources that would avail the good but in a profitable basis. This is the time when the society directs such needs to the government to provide the desired good. A very good and significant example of a public good is the homeland security defense which undertakes efforts to provide protection to all Americans since it can never exclude some people from obtaining benefits from its services. In addition, the benefits associated with the good are economical taking into co