ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Defining the Subject, Authors, and Scope Folklore is an integral part of any culture. Every person knows at least some elements of folklore in his or her culture. Its origins, specific features and its difference from other literary forms are, however, rather obscure for an average person. In his article “On the Concepts of Folklore,” Eliott Oring attempts at defining the phenomenon of folklore. To start with, Oring checks the etymology of the word “folklore,” referring to Dundee (Oring 1). As Oring explains, the word can be split into two parts, “folk” and “lore.” In Oring’s understanding, “folk” is defined as a bunch of people, whereas “lore” supposedly includes an “itemized list of genres (Oring 2). Definitions of folklore Oring distinguishes several key definitions of folklore. First, folklore is a product of people’s “invention and creativity” (Oring, 3). The next definition states that folklore is any form of human expression. Another interpretation names folklore cultural heritage passed from one generation to another. Folklore is referred to as a bunch of speech forms and customs that are supposed to reflect the past. When it comes to recalling that “folklore” is composed of “folk” and “lore,” one may say that “folk” is rendered as a group of people who possess a common feature or quality, while “lore” is referred to by Dundee as a list of genres. The necessity of the definition The fact that most people can provide examples of folklore on the spot begs the question of whether it is necessary to define it. People define folklore instinctively, as Oring explains. Therefore, folklore is a thing in itself that does not need definition. According to Oring, folklore is a means to envision the world through the lens of a different culture. Research Objectives and Methodology: A Critical Glance In his paper, Oring aims at defining folklore from different perspectives. Also, Oring attempts at drawing the line between folklore and other forms of literature. Key Research Results: The Features That Stand out To define folklore as a cultural phenomenon, Oring ventures into the history of literature. The research shows that folklore stems from Romanticism in that it supports the natural and spiritual as opposed to the civilization related issues. Also, Oring stresses that folklore stems from Nationalism in that it defines people’s national identity and key features of national culture. Folklore and creativity Folklore is often confused with creativity; however, these are completely different concepts. Folklore differs from creativity in that it is the result of the creative process; in other words, folklore originates from creativity. However, folklore cannot exist outside creativity. Fragments of philosophy Folklore incorporates elements of philosophy. It is remarkable that folklore usually takes the form of stories that are meant to teach people lessons regarding morality, reasonability, and humanism. As a result,
Narcissism in the White House The idea of narcissism is widely spread nowadays: people are eager to survive under the conditions they create, and even the most powerful people are under a threat of being influenced by a number of narcissistic tendencies. There are many examples narcissism in media, and it is hard to define what case is more interesting and more educative. Still, if the necessity to define and to understand narcissism is urgent, it is more captivating to pay more attention to the case inherent to the political sphere of life. In New York Times , there is a section where Ross Douthat finds it rather interesting and even provocative to comment the situations which take place in the White House and challenge various politics. In one of his comments, he focuses on self-pity that is now widely spread in the White House and may be regarded as a powerful example of narcissism inherent to politicians. What do people call narcissism? It is a kind of trait that is intrinsic to many people. It is selfishness that may help to achieve the cherished purpose or, vice versa, to destroy a person from the inside. It is hard to define the main characteristics of narcissism, specially for those people, who suffer from it. In the article under consideration, there is no certain attention to the idea of narcissism, still, there are so many hints so that the reader is able to make conclusions independently. The representatives of the White House demonstrate how they can regret about something or even how they are unsure of personal decisions and forecasted outcomes. This story identifies several politicians, still, it is not obligatory to focus on the names. Politicians are great in numbers, and the feeling of narcissism that is inherent to the vast majority of them is great and influential indeed. Several narcissistic tendencies defined prove that the political sphere is not perfect, and, as it is inherent to narcissism, these tendencies are hard to define, still, they exist and influence human lives. Such feelings like pity should not be connected with the politicians because they have a number of purposes to be achieved so that the living conditions, relations between people, and future may be improved. As Narcissus, the character from the picture, is so deeply involved into looking at himself, as well as the activities of the politicians are of wrong direction. They find it more captivating and urgent to evaluate personal traits and discontents instead of taking care of the country. A narcissistic person also has a tendency to think only of him or herself in any given situation. This makes it very difficult to form and maintain healthy relationships. And this is the main message of the article as well as the theme of narcissism – there are many elements of narcissisms in the world, and the vast majority of people are too weak to identify each element properly and get a chance to improve the conditions they have to live and work under.
This paper is aimed at discussing the theories of human development which were introduced by Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget. Much attention should be paid to the way in which these psychologists explain the role of culture that includes a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes that shape the behavior of an individual (Matsumoto, 2001). Overall, it is possible to argue that Erik Erikson’s approach better explains the role of culture and its impact on the behavior of an individual. These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely. In both cases, researchers identify specific stages which can be viewed as the main milestones in the psychological development of an individual. For instance, Erik Erikson identifies eight stages, while Piaget distinguishes six stages. Both theorists argue that the development of a person follows certain sequential patterns (Staudinger, 2003, p. 170). Yet, one should mention that Piaget attaches importance to the cognitive skills of an individual, for instance, it is possible to mention a child’s ability to distinguish cause and effect (Lerner, 2013). Moreover, much attention is paid to aspects as creativity, memory, deductive and inductive reasons, and so forth. In turn, the stages described by Erik Erikson can be viewed a series of conflicts that a person should resolve in the course of his/her development (Staudinger, 2003, p. 170). For instance, one can mention the choice between trust and mistrust, initiative or guilt, intimacy and isolation. The way in which a person resolves one of these conflicts can shape his/her later development. For instance, if this person chooses in favor of mistrust, he/she may become less sociable. The difference between models does not imply one of them is superior to another. To a great extent, they can complement one another. Furthermore, one should point out that Erikson’s model covers the entire lifespan of a person while Piaget’s approach focuses on the first twenty years. These are the main differences that should be considered. Overall, it is possible to argue that Erikson’s model better explains the impact of culture on the development of a person. For instance, the choice between initiative and guilt can be partly affected by the cultural and family background of an individual. For instance, in some cultures, initiative can be encouraged, and a person is not prohibited from taking independent steps. In contrast, some cultures lay stress on the respect for authority figures whose permission is required a person who wants to take a certain step. So, culture is one of the forces that should be consid
Abstract Renaissance was a revolutionary period which saw tremendous changes take place in Europe. Renaissance is a French word, which means rebirth; many a thing changed during the period of renaissance for instance the Political changes in Europe, social changes which took place during that time etc. This paper will throw light upon Grünewald’s Isenheim Altarpiece. Grünewald was a very prolific artist of the Renaissance period; he was mainly involved in making religious paintings. This paper will provide an insight on his masterpiece which is known as the Altarpiece which is now located in France. Mathis was one of the most famous painters of the Renaissance period. He was not well known until the late 19 th century which brought him to the limelight. The details about this great artist are still obscure, for the reputation that he had back then, people expect a lot of information about him but the fact is that even his real name is not known to the people. The name Mathis was given to him by a 17 th century writer; this happened because the writer got confused with another artist and named him Mathis. If the facts are to be believed, his first painting is supposed to be in Munich Germany, painted in the year 1503. Mathis supposedly died in the year 1528 or 1531 in Halle. There is no concrete information about this amazing artist, very little is known about him. The Isenheim Altarpiece is arguably his most popular work of art. The Altarpiece was completed in the year 1515 and consists of about nine images. The images include scenes like the Crucifixion of Christ, Resurrection, Mother Mary Bathing, Temptation of Saint Anthony etc. The paintings are colossal with the height of roughly about 2.65 Meters and with the width of about 5 Meters. Most of his other works are in Munich and some of them are in Basel Switzerland. The most striking aspects of his work are the dramatic forms, depiction of light and the use of vivid colors. “German author W.G. Sebald traces the life story of Grünewald in his first literary work, After Nature. This book-length prose-poem uses the preoccupations of Grünewald and especially his creation of the Isenheim Altarpiece to communicate an intensely apocalyptic vision of a world that has abandoned nature” (Curiosity and Catastrophe, 2009). The masterpiece is mainy about the Crucifixion of Christ, the dark blood of Christ stands out in the painting, it is clearly visible in the dark green colour which constitute to the color of the Flesh of Christ. The sufferings that Christ underwent are clearly reflected in the eyes of Mother Mary who faints in the arms of ST John. The painting is very original and crude as well. There could be nothing as real and thought provoking in all his works. “Grunewald’s work is a classic example of how an artist can be a great artist, but still not progress in his career. This is a fact that the greatness of art does not lie in discovering something new. The artist was a genius and he was very familiar with these discoveries and these discoveries helped him express himself better. The death and the resurrection have been shown i
Introduction For economic impact analysis to be effectively undertaken, sufficient and accurate information is required. According to Bebee and Hunt (2008, p.1), the source of information may have used may affect the validity of the economic analysis. There are various sources of information which can be used in conducting economic impact analysis. These sources range from primary to secondary sources. Primary sources of information such as collecting data directly can be a challenging task. In addition, substantial costs in term of time and finances are incurred. On the other hand, secondary sources are more cost effective. This paper is aimed at illustrating the various sources of information for economic impact analysis. FedStats and Bureau of Economic Analysis When conducting an economic impact analysis, secondary sources of data are the most commonly sources of information used. In order to be effective when sourcing electronic data from secondary sources, one must identify the most appropriate source of data. Some of these sources may include agencies. For example, when conducting economic analysis, one of the major sources of information in US can be the FedStats. This is an agency which provides individuals with access to statistics on different economic sectors. Additionally, one can source information from the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) (FedStats, 2011, para.1). From this agency, one can access diverse economic information. This arises from the fact that the agency provides various types of information such as the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), corporate profits statistics and international transaction statistics. The statistics provided are wide in scope. This arises from the fact that the agency classifies the statistics on national, regional, industry and international basis. The agency also illustrates relationships which exist between industries. By sourcing information from BEA, an economist can be able to effectively undertake economic impact analysis. This arises from the fact that the agency sources the information from different sources which include private and public sources. In addition, the agency also conducts researches so as to enhance the credibility of the information collected. United States Census Bureau An economist may also source information from the US Census Bureau. The bureau undertakes periodic survey o
Abstract This paper is an attempt to investigate the fundamental philosophies of the operation of the Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZA) and draw recommendations for improving total quality management (TQM) practices. It focuses on identifying the potential gaps, which should be filled. In particular, it is concluded that the organization should pay specific attention to strengthening leadership skills and further development of the business ethics environment based on the national responsibility approach. As for the rest of the TQM determinant, the findings of the research suggest that DAFZA is successful in implementing total quality policies, as it is certified with ISO 9001 and integrity is one of its core values. Introduction: organization profile Dubai Airport Free Zone (DAFZA) was created in 1996. The primary objective of this organization is the administration of trade, industry, and service licenses and visas and their distribution among international companies interested in conducting business operations in Dubai, UAE. DAFZA is a provider of services. It serves as a comprehensive business environment for companies operating in different industries, from cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to aerospace and aviation. At the same time, the organization offers services related to tax exemption, business ownership, and repatriation of earnings. In the simplest terms, the role of DAFZA is to help international companies incorporate their business operations in Dubai and obtain necessary business licenses. It should be noted that both the creation of new businesses and the opening of branches are admini
The critical challenge of the constructivist view of learning was to relocate the educational emphasis and provide the students with the option of controlling their education. The theories that existed before constructivism presupposed that several specific objectives were to be accomplished by the students. These theories were based on the essentials of behavioral psychology (Pritchard & Woollard, 2010). The core difference inherent in the constructivist view of learning states that we should realize the nature of learning and separate it from the life of knowledge. The keystone of the constructivist view of education is that the learning objectives are based on the students’ personal needs. Moreover, they can collaborate within the framework of the existing social construction and apply personalized approaches to their learning processes (Pritchard & Woollard 2010). Another critical point inherent in constructivism is the consideration of cognitive development that is characteristic of every particular student. For instance, operational logic concepts cannot be utilized when conveying ideas and explanations to preoperational kindergarteners (Slavin 2009). In this case, the constructivist theory promotes the presentations based on practical examples, and the constructivists believe that this will allow the students to learn more effectually. Reference List Pritchard, A & Woollard, J 2010, Psychology for the Classroom: Constructivism and Social Learning , Routledge, Oxford, UK. Slavin, R 2009, Educational psychology: Theory and practice , Pearson Education, Boston, MA.
In their book , A Higher Call: An Incredible True Story of Combat and Chivalry in the War-Torn Skies of World War II, Adam Makos, and Larry Alexander discuss the story of Charlie Brown, the American Lieutenant, and Franz Stigler, the German Lieutenant, who had to face a lot of risks while fighting to win in World War II. A risk can be defined as the choice influenced by the uncertainty, which can have both negative and positive results and as the threat of negative consequences. Makos and Alexander describe many risky and dramatic situations connected with the book’s characters, and they should be analyzed in detail. (1) The main risk faced by Charlie Brown and Franz Stigler is associated with the situation when the German pilot avoided destroying the American bomber in December of 1943. Stigler chose the technique of accepting the risk while reducing the minor secondary effects. On December 20, 1943, Brown piloted the bomber in the skies of Germany. The members of Brown’s crew were wounded, and the bomber was partially destroyed because of the fight’s effects. The pilot had no resources to combat in the skies of Germany, and he was responsible for the crew. Thus, “Charlie knew that when he pulled back on the yoke, the lives of nine men would be in his hands” (Makos and Alexander 171). From this point, during the first stage of the fight, Brown followed the strategy of avoiding the risk in order to save the lives of the crew members, but then he accepted the risk. Franz Stigler, the German Lieutenant, was the ace in flying, and his task was to destroy the bomber of the enemy. Observing the American bomber and making decisions about further actions, Stigler had to make a decision about fighting the enemy’s bomber as the officer of the German army. However, Stigler focused on accepting the risk of being punished by the Gestapo, and he chose not to destroy the enemy’s forces (Makos and Alexander 171). Furthermore, Stigler chose to reduce the possible risks for the American pilot, and he flew with the American bomber to the North Sea coast. Thus, Stigler’s techniques in handling the risk are based on accepting all the positive and negative consequences of the situation without avoiding it. (2) Lieutenant Roedel faced a risk of inflating the victories in Africa because of Voegl and Bendert’s false claims. The spread of information about the aspects of the “Voegl Flight” became threatening for the reputation of Roedel. To handle the risk, Roedel chose the technique of transferring the risk and its consequences to Voegl and Bendert while confronting them privately. The authors provide the cues that Roedel understood the controversy of the situation, and he took action while using the camera-equipped planes in order to verify Voegl and Bender’s words
Definitions and overview Project management as a practice today draws a lot of attention based on the benefits that accrue from its successful application. As business processes keep changing there is a need for a defined process to initiate, plan, execute and monitor these processes (Schwalke 2005; Nicholas 2000). This discipline normally presents itself through project management. During project management all the activities should be within the project constraints which include time, cost and quality and project management help organizations to achieve this and hence ensure the success of their projects. Project management requirements are significant and planned by a well-defined team which has the technical capacity to work within the defined discipline. However when these disciplines are not clearly followed the project is likely to slip or all together fail resulting in loss of money and a dented reputation. This paper elaborates a project management process involving the development of a touch screen customer order processing system. The project should be developed in three phases to plan, develop and manage the installation of a touch screen customer ordering system in each of the company’s retail outlets. The proposed product must be shown to be user-friendly and sufficiently robust to withstand end user abuse without failure, it is intended that this touch screen system will require minimal assistance by the retail stores sales staff. To this end the sales model used by Argos stores is cited as a successful and appropriate for the range of goods sold by Benhams. Benhams is Britain’s second-biggest department store chain selling garments, it trades from 160 stores in Britain, Ireland and Denmark, reported an 18.6% increase in profit before tax to £123.6m, however this retail business only ranks a fourth place in the UK’s top retail clothing stores. Benhams Board of Directors, after reading a recent market research report which indicated that many buyers found their size of clothing was waiting to be restocked; in this situation the customer visited a rival retail store to purchase a similar garment. The sales department basing on the directive by Benhams chief executive produced a project brief on behalf of the Board of Directors which was subsequently passed to the project team to evaluate the viability of such a proposal, and if approval by the board, proceed with the installation of this product ordering system in each of the UK stores. The stages in this product development are Undertake market research to estimate market demand, then to determine the total cost of the project including