ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article is “Dogs and Monsters (2000)” written by Stanley Coren. It was originally published by the Saturday Night Magazine in May, 2000 and has been reprinted in its original form. The author argues that the process of genetic engineering did not start in the modern era, but a long time ago before humans had the knowledge of science and that the type of dog an individual keeps is somehow similar to them in trait. Thus, the main purpose of the article is to compare the process of bioengineering the domestic dog to that of the evolution of guns so as to satisfy the need of the users as well as the owners. In evaluation, the article is an interesting, especially the manner in which the author compares the two processes. Although, it is evidently clear that such a comparison brings out a complex analogy that is not easily understandable to someone who does not have a keen interest in literature and its analysis. In summary, the author bases his article on how the domestication of the wild dog began and how the first benefit dogs provided was that of a disposal unit as stated “function as a de facto garbage disposal unit”. The author goes ahead to list other benefits of the dog such as provision of security by barking to scare away thieves and other wild animals. Furthermore, it is also here that the author gives the chronology of bioengineering of the domestic dog in comparison to the gun. The argument is that this relationship began due to the fact that there was a tailored machine to suit an organism “machine was the gun, organism was the dog” (Coren 192). The first dogs were loud barkers which were then trained to be pointers during hunting around 1500s. After which they evolved to the setter in 1700s and finally the retriever during the era of cultivation when man had to go to the wilderness to hunt since all wetlands had been converted to farmlands. All these eras were characterized by different types of guns that had different loading speed. The organization of the work is logical since it begins with an introduction about the writer. This makes the reader more comfortable and in process even enables them to relate to the writer since he is someone they see on television. Furthermore, the work style is even more engrossing to reader since most individuals have dogs at home and thus the selection of the topic is interesting as well as the knowledge that nowadays the dog is engineered to suit our needs. The author’s effectiveness in making the reader convinced about bioengineering of the dogs is reinforced by the examples that he provides especially at the end when he says that “we have spent 14000 years of biotechnology and genetic manipulation in the creation of the little white beast that who is right now gently snoring with his head resting against my foot” (Coren 190). The topic is treated in an historical fashion and satirical manner that compares the role of a dog to that played by a gun. More so, the topic also treats the evolution of the dog with the evolution of the gun. The main idea is to emphasize on security and it is with the reinvention of the gun that the dog is also able to adapt to satisfy the need
Introduction Electronic media sparked a revolution in the 21 st Century. The internet use became an explosive venture and the World Wide Web produced an avenue for multiple options for venturing into multimedia. All this took place so fast and soon there was a global newsfeed reaching millions through interactive media. Television formats became innovative, websites turned to be interactive, and there came the emergence of handheld media digital devices. Currently, this rapid formation and the transformation of the landscape of digital news bring about a divide in the American community regarding the influences of digital news. One group enjoys the coming of an enlightened future with an enrichment of the discourse of media production and presentation of news. At the same time, another section has concerns regarding the problems the advancements in technology such as national apathy and digital addiction. Neill Postman takes a particular view on television’s impact on journalism. Quayle agrees on some points with Postman but disagrees on others. Kelley writes rather informally about the effects of current technology on attention span in taking in news. Addiction of digital media Dr. Mark Kelley of the New England School of Communications is the director of journalism. Through his, “An apology to the 4G Generation” he issued an evidence filled warning regarding technology dependency. He notes that the constant use of digital media leads to an addiction, which leaves people with an uncontrollable desire to use it as much as they may not be ready to accept (Kelley, 2012). The development of thoughts and sustenance of learning depends of focus. It is a skill relevant to the interpretation of news information, but according to Kelly, the digital media deny people from exercising that ability. Digital multitasking leads to deterioration of attention, and that is evident of addiction. The increase of addiction to digital media reduces performance levels in school and at the workplace. At the same time, digital dependency robs people of their lives, and it is responsible to the strained relationships, increase in school dropouts and joblessness (Kelly, 2012). A
Introduction The global trade experienced in the middle part of the 20 th century can trace its roots to the Industrial Revolution that occurred in the 19 th century. It is said that the Industrial Revolution is labeled as such because of its sweeping impact on society (Pierce 4). The radical changes in technology were more pronounced in Europe and the United States. The most important factor is the significant innovations in transportation technology. At the heart of all these changes is the steam engine. The steam engine gave rise to steamships and trains. The use of ships to move cargo and people from Europe to Asia was already a common occurrence even in ancient times. But the capability to move goods and passengers at significantly faster and more cost-efficient rates was only made possible in the advent of steam engines. Furthermore, the same scientific principle was used to develop locomotives that transform the way transportation is understood inland. The Industrial Revolution Global trade did not happen overnight. It required incremental changes and innovations not only in the production of goods but the capability to transport raw materials, finished products, and human resources at a faster rate and lower costs. Everything can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution that paved the way for the numerous changes in the way people utilize resources. It is best understood from a technological standpoint. According to one commentary “Technology is largely concerned with the process of transformation – the transformation of raw materials into useful or aesthetically pleasing articles” (Derry & Williams 259). Rapid development in technology created new ways of manufacturing and transporting goods. The Industrial Revolution was made possible by related technologies. For example the steam engine was used to develop steamships and trains. Steam engines were also used as a major component of factories. Steam engine powered all the factories in the 19 th century Europe and America. At the same time steam engines were used to raw materials and workers into factories. This study will take a closer look at the evolution of steam engines and the Industrial Revolution from its roots in early 19 th century Europe to the United States. The focus of the study is on the steam engine and how it was used in the transportation sector. The Im
Introduction It is an unfortunate fact that certain individuals are affected by serious forms of adverse health conditions, and it is of paramount importance to provide these individuals with due medical care and attention. Among the people who have considerable health problems are those who have the Williams syndrome, a genetic disease that may occur in the population randomly. Apart from other problems, these individuals typically suffer from a number of conditions that are associated with the Williams syndrome; these include heart problems, diabetes, hypercalcemia, and so on. Therefore, it is of the essence for nurses to provide individuals with this syndrome with the necessary care and attention. Nurses should also aim at educating their patients, but more so – the care takers and parents of the ill individuals, for those suffering from the Williams syndrome may not be able to take care of themselves properly. This paper provides a definition and description of the Williams syndrome, as well as explanations of some of its symptoms and signs. The treatment modalities, the appropriate nursing actions, and the issues related to the patient education are also discussed. Definition and Description Williams syndrome is a disorder of a neurodevelopmental nature which is a result of a genetic abnormality, namely, the absence of nearly twenty-five to twenty-eight genes that are supposed to be located on the chromosome 7q11.23 (Janes, Riby, & Rodgers, 2014). Individuals who have this syndrome possess a number of specific traits and health disorders; these include a distinctive facial appearance; intellectual disability (usually mild to moderate); extremely cheerful, hypersociable behavior; cardiac problems; and so on (Janes et al., 2014; Bagul et al., 2015). In addition, persons who have the Williams syndrome are often characterized by impaired visuospatial construction and deficient sensory processing capability, attention deficit, impulsivity, and participation in repetitive behaviors; however, their verbal and auditory abilities are relatively unaffected (Janes et al., 2014). It is also stated that people with Williams syndrome often may suffer from high levels of fear and anxiety, and experience auditory, vestibular, proprioceptive, and gustatory types of hypersensitivity (Janes et al., 2014). Signs and Symptoms. Treatment Modalities The symptoms of the Williams disease include:   * specific facial features, for instance, sunken nasal bridge, wide mouth, prominent lower lip, small chin, and so on (Bagul et al., 2015, p. 156);   * learning disorders (Steele, Scerif, Cornish, & Karmiloff-Smith, 2013);   * participation in obsessive repetitive behaviors, and so on (Janes et al., 2014). On the other hand, the signs of the Williams syndrome include:   * hypercalcemia (Bagul et al., 2015, p. 158; Lameris, Geesing, Hoenderop, & Schreuder, 2014);   * intellectual disability, usually mild to moderate (Janes et al., 2014, p. 746);   * impaired, abnormal
The movie by the name Run Granny Run was produced by Marlo Poras in the year 2009. Run Granny Run’s movie centers around a 94-year-old granny born by the name Doris Haddock in 1910 but later changed her middle name to Granny D through a court redress. Granny D was a political activist who emerged as the oldest candidate to contest for the U.S. Senate seat at the age of 94 years. She contested unsuccessfully for the New Hampshire U.S. Senate seat on a democratic ticket against a Republican Judd Gregg in the year 2004. She managed to drive her campaigns; despite the hurdles, she encountered like repressive government agencies a good example being the police. In this movie, Granny D emerges as a strong lady who could not be deterred by her age to drive her message to the American population. Granny D could not sit back as a patriotic citizen to see the United States politics influenced by money during election campaigns instead of being based on ideologies and transparency where people should be allowed to elect a candidate of their choice without any influence. Granny D believed in the government of the people, by the people, and for the people (Poras, “Run Granny run”). The Granny emerges as a pillar of hope and strength in this video where other citizens should learn from her determination and courage. Granny D saw her advocacy for campaign finance reform as a success because she achieved it by creating awareness to the entire United States population where she got mass support. Her campaign also proved that money is not all that is needed to drive a message across the people, but it’s the strategy taken and determination that matters. Works Cited Poras, Marlo. “Run Granny Run.” Hulu Movies, 1999. Web.
Abstract The fast rate at which incorporation of the biological and man-made matter is taking place has been occasioned by the rapid growth of bionanotechnology (Eweida et al., 2009). The new biochemical structures are unique both in terms of the external and internal properties. These materials will also be useful in the development and production of medical devices. Introduction, materials and methods A collagen/carbon nanotube material has been described in this piece of work. The latter can also be used in the production of tissues when utilized as a scaffold. In addition, carbon nanotubes and collagen have been integrated into the composite matter owing to their advantages. It is vital to mention that a biomaterial has specific requirements that are, in fact, contained in the aforementioned components. For example, this material is utilized as an osteoinductive agent because it is absorbent. Moreover, it can readily disintegrate into simpler substances through the process of biological degradation. The mechanical rigidity of this component is also one of the most important features that the researchers relied on during the experiments. Da Silva et al. (2009) are also of the opinion that under fluid environments, it is easy to attain both swelling and tuned stability. Results and discussions One of the hypotheses adopted by the authors was that the arc discharge method might be used to prepare carbon nanotubes. The main catalytic materials are nickel and carbon. However, purification of the final sample is necessary in order to end up with an effective process. The authors used cattle tendons and rat tails in order to extract the required collagen. From the assumptions, the authors suggested that the gel contraction assay required a number of antibodies during the process of preparation so that the final sample can react easily with the other reactants. In regards to the aims of the experimental study, the authors sought to come up with new biomimetic structures. After several experimental procedures, it became possible for the authors to promote the fabrication and development of vital devices needed in the field of medicine. It is interesting to mention that they succeeded in addressing these concerns after conducting a series of experiments. This research study was conducted owing to the need to develop alternative novel devices for medical use. In particular, the authors desired to promote and develop medical devices that could be used in future to undertake the process of bone regeneration scaffolds. The scientific rigour of the work presented in the paper is beyond any doubt bearing in mind that the study is comprehensive and empirical in nature. Actual experiments were carried out, and the results obtained analysed thoroughly before conclusions could be drawn. In addition, the need for better methods in tissue generation has been thoroughly addressed through a well-documented scientific approach. The researchers also observe that biocomposites made up of collagen or carbons will be vastly used in future for the sole purpose of tissue regeneration. There are various fields which will immensely
The Author of “The Shape of Catholic Theology “tries to explain the importance of God in Christianity and how theology relates to philosophy. Philosophy and theology are relevant in explaining some of the basic elements of Christianity. Although theology is about faith and revelation, it cannot overlook the importance of philosophy in its work. Philosophy is crucial in explain how the revelations relate to the existence of God. Philosophy explains the existence of God using the things that human beings posses. It proves that there is a supernatural being from the activities and habits that human beings adopt. Philosophy asks questions and attempts to answer them, as does theology. The two relate because both attempt to give answers to the basic questions asked all over the world. The first case in this is the theory that explained the name God. All religions have different names for their higher being, but all of them believe that God is one and only. Philosophers want to understand where the name originated from and whether it has any connection with reality. The Dogmatic constitution teaches us that a theologian should isolate himself or herself from the philosopher. The reason given by the constitution is the need to connect reason and faith, as well as nature and grace. Catholicism believes in the grace of God and the ability to change the life of human beings so that they can lead a life that is not as God created. Theology bases their arguments on the fact that God is the one shaping one’s destiny, but a philosopher will want to understand the nature of the being as God created before it undergoes the transformation. The Catholic Church believes that human beings became corrupt after the fall. Therefore, they argue that philosophers are also the corrupt. However, the fact that Jesus came to save the world means that man is not totally corrupt. They base this on the fact that man has his roots in how God created him. The church wants to create a philosophy based on Christianity. This is by answering questions about the existence of God. This philosophy will use revelation to explain and answer questions. The key question that needs to be answered is the question of the existence of God. Theology can answer this based on the realities like Jesus, and the holy sacrament. Theology also explains the existence of God using the theory of perfections. This is evident when a human being strives to do everything perfectly. The inner voice or consciousness is also a true reflection of the existence of a supernatural being. A philosopher says that human being has the drive to do the correct thing even if there is no one to judge him or her. The conscious feeling that people have in them is an unexplainable phenomenon that cannot be explained only by logic. It is a feeling inside the hearts of human beings that is so powerful that it can only be related to God. In accordance to the Christian faith, the belief is that God exists. It is thi
Evidence from numerous juvenile cases shows the youth falsely confess when under duress. The case of Stephanie Crowe, a 14-year-old who admitted to killing his sister when interrogated by investigators, is an example and reveals the issues involved when questioning juveniles (National Geographic, 2009). In most instances, detectives questioning a suspect aim for a confession; hence, the coercion and false confessions (Wigler, 2019). In Haley v. Ohio of 1948, a similar case to Crowe’s, the investigators questioned the suspect for hours without a lawyer or guardian present (Wigler, 2019, p.1425). In both instances, coercive methods used caused the suspect to doubt their memory resulted in an involuntary confession. Indeed, children are susceptible to police pressure as recognized by the court in the case of Haley v. Ohio – It held that “when, as here, a mere child—an easy victim of the law—is before us, special care in scrutinizing the record must be used” (Wigler, 2019, p. 1425). Despite knowing their legal rights and having full possession of their knowledge, senses, and memory, juveniles exposed to coercive interrogation methods have been shown to confess wrongfully, resulting in their conviction. Today, ways to interrogate juveniles continue to evolve and apply less coercive methods and are conducted in a lawyer or parent’s presence. Indeed, the justice departments acknowledge that young adults are developmentally different from adults with science to support the findings (Spierer, 2017). The criminal justice system needs to enhance its developmental capacity and morals to treat young people better. Investigators should also cease using maximization techniques such as extreme pressure, confrontation, and intimidation on the youth. Other methods such as the Reid method that have been shown to exert pressure on suspects should be reviewed along with a review of isolation techniques, among other practices that cause undue influence. As Wigler (2019) recommended, the police should embrace contract principles that shift from seeking a confession to seeking information. Dubbed the ‘Peace Method,’ the strategy is equally effective in obtaining accurate information without using aggressive means that lead to a false confession.
The focus on consistent development is one of the primary goals ion nursing and healthcare as the path to providing patients with the best services and contributing to improvements in the outcomes. In the context of patient safety, the issue of change gains particular significance since it implies the ability to recognize new risks and develop flexible strategies for mitigating them, while also securing patients from recurrent issues (Torlak et al., 2021). In the target environment, workplace burnouts in nurses are likely to become the key impediment to the promotion of change. Specifically, due to the rise in exhaustion and emotional fatigue, nurses are unlikely to accept the change that will represent new challenges and, thus, demand even greater efforts from the already devastated nursing staff members (Batayneh & Nashwan, 2019). To address the described issue, recruiting new nurses by offering incentives, while also providing nurses with effective time management techniques so that nurses could redistribute their workload and arrange their performance more effectively, can be suggested. Recruiting new nurses will lead to an increase in the nurse-patient ratio, allowing the nursing staff to address patients’ issues more effectively due to the drop in the levels of fatigue and exhaustion. Specifically, the quality of information management will rise due to greater attention rates, and the efficacy of interventions will increase due to a drop in medical errors that stem from burnout in nurses. Therefore, promoting change in the management of tasks, approach toward recruiting new staff members, and the framework for addressing deadlines in the nursing setting must be seen as a viable solution to the current problem of increased burnout in nurses (Mudallal et al., 2017). With the help of an appropriate change management model and a focus on the needs of nurses, a significant improvement can be made.