ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Wipro Technologies Europe is the information technology (IT) division of Wipro Limited (India) which is oriented to the Western market. Wipro Technologies Europe has its office in Reading, England, to guarantee the provision of customer-oriented IT services in European countries. The promotion of Wipro Technologies in the Western context is led by Vivek Paul, the president of the company, and Sudip Nandy, the director of the sales and marketing division of Wipro Technologies in Europe (Yemen et al. 1). As a result, it is possible to speak about a range of challenges faced by the company’s leaders on their path to developing effective cross-cultural relationships between Indian and European specialists. The purpose of this case study is to analyze the effectiveness of strategies used by Nandy to promote the company in Europe with the focus on building a cross-cultural team and to describe alternative steps which can be taken by Paul to develop the business. How Effective the Business Will Be The effectiveness of strategies applied by Nandy in Europe to work with local customers and attract local employees should be analyzed with reference to Geert Hofstede’s culture model. According to this model, there are six key dimensions: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence. While focusing on power distance, it is possible to state that Indians value hierarchy in society and require strong managers to lead them (“India”). On the contrary, in the United Kingdom as an example of the Western European culture, the class system and hierarchy are not valued, and employees tend to treat each other as equals (“United Kingdom”). As a result, Nandy’s decision to attract Indian leaders to hiring locals can be viewed as a good idea to support Indians in the Western context, but it can create additional challenges when determining who can take leadership positions in Wipro Technologies Europe, and what type of relationships based on hierarchy or equality will be promoted. The Indian society can be discussed as both individualistic and collectivistic, and it is important for Indians to feel loyalty and support of an employer, as well as to build strong teams (“India”). The representatives of Western cultures are highly individualistic in their approaches to decision-making in business. Therefore, it is possible to predict that the hired locals will be less focused on the collective work under the Indians’ supervision than it is expected by Nandy (Thomas and Peterson 54). As a result, a clear distribution of responsibilities for Indian and local employees can be viewed as an appropriate decision. Both Indian and UK cultures are masculine; therefore, it is possible to expect that employees will do their best to perform tasks. From this point, the creation of cross-cultural teams can be beneficial for Wipro Technologies. Both countries, as well as many other Western countries, also have
Introduction Septic shock is a life-threatening health condition that occurs in septic patients when they develop metabolic complications and extreme hypotension. Elodie is a 14-year-old septic patient who has been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and has undergone chemotherapy sessions and transplantation treatment recently. Her current medical problems include low SpO2 levels (91%) and tachypnea (21 breaths/min). Impaired gas exchange, which is Elodie’s priority health problem, is to be addressed using evidence-based nursing interventions, such as supplemental oxygen and proper positioning. The problem statement is as follows: impaired gas exchange related to sepsis (related factors) as evidenced by hypoxemia and abnormal breathing (defining characteristics). The paper’s objective is to delve into evidence-based care in the management of impaired gas exchange. The ability to do so can significantly increase the chances of success when solving complex cases. Health Issues Elodie faces multiple health issues apart from ALL, and her physical condition has deteriorated recently. In the majority of cases, adverse health events occur after a period of abnormal changes in vital signs (Mok, Wang, Cooper, Ang, & Liaw, 2015). Monitoring vital signs is the task of paramount importance when it comes to high-risk patients, but it is sometimes neglected. In Elodie’s medical case, the first symptom of clinical deterioration associated with her current problem (sepsis) is presented by increases in respiratory rate (21 breaths per minute) and the signs of abnormally increased efforts when breathing. In patients diagnosed with severe sepsis and septic shock, lasting tachypnea or respiratory rate exceeding 20 breaths per minute is a common predictor of mortality rates (Seo et al., 2016). In sepsis, the occurrence of tachypnea is regarded as a compensatory mechanism linked with metabolic acidosis (Seo et al., 2016). Increased work of breathing in the cases of septic shock is often caused by tissue edema leading to impaired oxygenation (Russell, Rush, & Boyd, 2018). Checking the airway for foreign materials and keeping the patient’s airway open is critically important in the case. Since the discussed sign of deterioration is closely associated with mortality in sepsis, it should be closely monitored. The second symptom of deterioration is the level of oxygen saturation. The human body’s normal functioning is strictly dependent on the balance of oxygen in the blood, and any abnormalities lead to a number of pathological conditions. According to the case details, Elodie’s SpO2 is 91% on 2L via NP. Importantly, normal levels of oxygen saturation vary between 95% and 100% (Ciklacandir, Mulayim, & Sahin, 2017). Elodie’s blood oxygen level is not extremely low to indicate the presence of severe hypoxemia. However, keeping its level within the normal range is a high-priority task for the healthcare team. In patients with sepsis, measures to normalize blood pressure and blood oxygenation levels are hypothesized to reduce the risks of developing multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (Ostergaard et al., 2015). Sepsis is the
If we are discussing “Sunday Morning” by Wallace Stevens, then we need to mention the presence of the voice. This is a voice of an outside narrator. This narrator gives words to the feelings, experienced by a woman. We can observe the dramatic situation here. The woman is having “late coffee and oranges in a sunny chair” (Stevens, 1999) on a Sunday morning, she is not going to attend church. But then the woman is troubled with certain conflicting emotions about life, death, and Christianity. The first unpleasant thought that darkens her morning is a solemn “procession of the dead” (Stevens, 1999) to Palestine. Her interaction with this procession symbolizes the journey that she makes in her mind. This interaction also sets the tone for later questioning of the idea of this poem. Then there arises a series of certain rhetorical questions. These express her inner struggle. We can state that all these illustrate the disorganized nature of this woman’s thinking. The answer to her questions finally appears when she concludes that “divinity must live within herself”(Stevens, 1999). She realizes that her emotions “are the measures destined for her soul” (Stevens, 1999). That is why she feels certain hopefulness. Then we can see the indirect comparing of Jove, the Roman “sky father” (Stevens, 1999), and Jesus. Here we can see a religious progression over the huge period. There is a usage of the second person here. I think that it invites the reader to think collectively with this woman to analyze her or his feelings about this religious progression and entire religion as well. There are some hypothetical questions that lead to a critical view of heaven. The third stanza ends with a feeling of certain wonderment about life after death. Here woman speaks directly. This breaks the stream of certain narration when the fourth stanza begins. She is wondering about heavenly paradise, especially its permanence. It seems that she got an answer to her question with the help of the narrator through her consciousness. She becomes comforted by such fact as that memory is eternal and unlimited “by the march of the seasons” (Stevens, 1999). She thinks that the memory lasts much longer than any of such things as a heavenly pleasantry. But woman’s contentment happened to be undermined by another direct utterance. It conveys her actual need to have an experience of “imperishable bliss” (Stevens, 1999) in her lifetime. We can see that her worries and apprehensions are answered with the keystone idea that “Death is the mother of beauty” (Stevens, 1999). Although “she makes the willow shiver in the sun” (Stevens, 1999) and “strews the leaves of sure obliteration in our paths” (Stevens, 1999), death appointed to be a certain sole fulfiller of a person’s dreams and desires. We can state that in this way, death comforts the woman. Then the reader has to analyze the consequences of such phenomena as an unchanging paradise. On one ha
Katherine Boo is a brilliant author with the various works presented, and one of them is Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death, and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity. She has a tendency to portray the vulnerability of the world and the poor social classes of the world civilization (Rustin par. 3). Despite having a high potential for describing significant social and economic figures, she devoted her life to the description and delivering to the citizens the social problems such as poverty and hunger. The book Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death, and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity portrays the living principles in the small settlement, which is located close to Mumbai, and it is depicted in the form of reportage by conducting interviews and observing the behavior of the local habitats (Boo 5). The ability to experience and see the local living contributes to the presentation of unique perception of the attitude towards the social issues. In this instance, Boo describes Annawadi as the central scene of actions contrasting its surrounding and environment with the luxury hotels and well-developed infrastructure of Mumbai (24). Moreover, high attention is paid to the lifestyle and the obstacles, which the inhabitants have to face while trying to survive in this area. It remains evident that the primary goal of the book is to display the existence of the dramatic social gap in income, inequalities, and the ability of the people to find the way out of poverty with the assistance of real life examples and observations, which were presented by the author. As for the main characters, the inhabitants of Annawadi live in poverty but try to contribute to the personal development and improve their living conditions. For example, Abdul regularly collects garbage from the rich people and recycles it to improve his financial position (Boo 56). In turn, Asha understands that the necessity of political corruption and decides that it is one of the ways to change the position in the social hierarchy (Boo 76). It remains evident that the author actively contrasts poverty and Annawadi inhabitants with the luxury of Mumbai and underlines the existence of the social hierarchy. Nonetheless, it is clear that the inhabitants have a tendency to adapt to difficulties and prioritize desire to enhance their economic status over the necessity to survive despite living in the constant hunger and fear. In this instance, the author tends to show the variability of the world and plethora of decisions and opportunities, which one can take to improve the quality of life. Nonetheless, the author also has a tendency to portray social and economic inequality and significant diversification by the social classes among the members of society. The book emphasizes that poverty and existence of social hierarchy contribute to the ability of the locals to fight against injustice. The portrayal of the stressful state of the inhabitants contributes to the understanding of the impact of th
Many people associate high education with success. However, such well-known companies as Facebook, Dell, Apple and Microsoft that earn billions of dollars are founded by college-dropout billionaires. Did Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg prove that post-secondary education is negligible? Is there any reason for the uprising trend of dropouts? These questions are very relevant today. Actually, there are many reasons for why students drop college, but the main are financial difficulty, academic failure and no direction in life. “With Their Whole Lives Ahead of Them” report claims that students drop college because they can’t afford expensive tuition fee. 7 out of 10 dropouts are the students, who have no loan or scholarship. In addition, 6 out of 10 dropouts do not receive help from their parents (Lewin, 2012). However, the number of those who do not finish high education is increasing not only due to the students inability to pay, but to the constant cost rise for the tuition over the years. During the last century the cost for high education has increased by 2 to 3% annually, which is even more than the increase in the inflations rate (Ehrenberg). The universities introduce different approaches how to study, even if it is very expensive. For example, those who have financial hardship through getting education might help one to find a secure job. Therefore, the reality shows that many graduates are unemployed either. The student can spend much money on education, but will never get the guarantee that he or she will be rewarded. In 2011 the unemployment rate among those who under 25 was 9.4%. Meanwhile, the number of unemployed grandaunts was 19% (Mirabella, 2012). Those grandaunts who were lucky enough to find a job, as a rule, have low salaries and unskilled positions. The interesting fact is that 760 000 out of 2 million grandaunts or 38 % got a job that did not relate their bachelor degree and qualifications (Mirabella, 2012). This is why, the question appears: Why should the student bother to study and to pay money, if there is no guarantee to find good job? The other reason is the students unsatisfactory academic results. Especially it concerns the first-year students. Not everyone can adapt to the new system of education, the books, the teachers, and even the group mates after the school so quickly. Many freshmen become very discouraged when they get unsatisfactory marks. For example, 35% of those who enter the university drop it during the first year of studying (Whitebourne, 2002). Even if the student shows the perfect results in the high school, he or she might fail in the university. Jonathan Whitehouse (2002) described this situation on the exa
Introduction Sociological imagination can be defined as the level of awareness that exists as a result of the relationship between personal experience and society in general. It focuses on the thoughts and beliefs that individuals have. The thoughts and beliefs of an individual have an overall effect on the status of society. Scholars have argued that every individual has, at one point in life, thought or have an idea that that troubled him/her. Such troubles are normally reflected in society at a relatively larger scale than a single individual would have thought. This is due to the commonality of problems that we may have as members of a given society. This paper shall therefore focus on the private trouble that I experienced and its relationship with society. Trouble and Its Effects The neighborhood that I grew in had a lot of children who were of my age. We, therefore, developed together and interacted a lot with each other. When we joined kindergarten, most of us went to the same school, although, some joined different classes. During this time, we used to interact with each other, without any boundaries. However, as we became older, I started to notice that I was not quite comfortable with most of my friends. This became even worse when I reached puberty. I found it difficult to socialize and interact with my peers. The situation was even worse when individuals of the opposite sex were involved. I was nervous while sitting next to or talking to people who were members of the opposite sex. This made my social life as a teenager to be so stressful and boring. Within a few years, most of my friends were dating. I could see that they were enjoying themselves unlike me. All through this time, my friends were making fun of me, calling me all sorts of weird names. I was okay with that since I believed that I would get through this situation. However, there was one comment that had a tremendous impact on my thoughts and emotions; a friend of mine called me a homosexual. I did not know how to respond to this. I did not know whether the signs I was exhibiting were that of a homosexual or it was just a stage in my development. This made my socialization and interaction to become even worse. I developed low self-esteem. As a result, I spent much of my time indoors. It was not until when I joined college that I realized that I was only shy. I discovered that I was straight and people liked me a lot. My self-esteem was rejuvenated and the thoughts of me being a homosexual slowly faded away. Homosexuality is a common phenomenon in modern society. However, it is difficult for an individual to know whether he/she is a homosexual or not. An individual can falsely think he/she is gay or lesbian due to some characters that he/she has. The thought can become even worse if his/her peers are making fun of him/her. Conclusion Several other factors in society can affect the thoughts of an individual. This mainly includes movies and fashion. The theme of homosexuality is common in most movies and TV programs that are being aired all around the world. Also, some dress codes may make ot
Abstract This paper investigates the problem of Mexican drug cartels provoking a significant level of violence in the country and the consequences of the War on Drugs. The information used to analyze the topic of the paper includes peer-reviewed articles and books studying the main specifics of the problem. The paper presents a careful examination of the current research on the problem and the analysis of the findings gained during the process of studying the available sources presenting relevant information about the specifics of the issue. The examination of the current research on Mexican drug cartels and the War on Drugs helps to understand the causes of the outburst of violence, define the major tendencies of the Mexican War on Drugs and its drawbacks, and suggest potential solutions able to change the course of events and reduce the unprecedented level of violence caused by the activity of drug cartels in the country. The twentieth century brought an unprecedented development of drug business all over the world. As the United States is considered one of the biggest consumers of drugs, some of its neighboring countries are involved in continuous process of delivering marijuana, cocaine, heroin, crystal meth, and other drugs to the US. Mexico witnessed the extension of drug-trafficking organizations and faced the problem of dealing with them in the twentieth century. The proclaimed War on Drugs has gained some significant results but has not succeeded in stopping the growth of narco-business. Careful examination of current research on the problem of drug cartels, their violence in Mexico, and the mistakes of the War on Drugs helps to identify the main causes of the current situation, analyze them, and suggest potential solutions able to reduce the violence and correct the previous mistakes of the war. Examination of Current Research of Mexican Drug War The violence of Mexican drug cartels and t
Summary of the Reading Adam Smith considers numerous ethical issues in his work Theory of Moral Sentiments. The philosopher focuses on the way people see this world and react in response to certain circumstances. For instance, Adam Smith stresses that people tend to sympathize others, especially when it comes to such emotions as joy, happiness, sorrow, or pain. The philosopher states that sympathy is a mere pleasure of seeing a person happy. People are selfish, but they still tend to wish happiness to others as well. Smith mentions that people often understand the emotions of others since they have experienced the same or similar emotions. People can imagine the degree of pain or sorrow experienced by an individual. At that moment, the pain and sorrow become their pain. Likewise, the joys of other people also make individuals feel happy. This is all referred to as sympathy, according to Adam Smith. Importantly, the philosopher emphasizes that it is people’s nature to be interested in the life of other people. Adam Smith also points out that people’s ability to sympathize is closely connected with people’s judgment and the sense of propriety and impropriety of people’s affections. Thus, a person regards other people’s actions as appropriate if he/she can sympathize. If a person understands what it feels like to be in some situation, he/she will think it is normal to have certain emotions. Notably, even if a person cannot share the same emotions at the moment for many reasons, he/she can still feel that others can feel this emotion if the situation is appropriate. For example, if a person has something to celebrate, it seems natural to be happy. And people, who are in bad spirits, sympathize with the person as they can remember their happy moments and their need to celebrate them. Importantly, Smith states that people also support other people’s judgments if they agree with their judgments. In other words, people find it easier to agree with a person in something when they share the same ideas. Smith continues considering moral sentiments by contemplating the human’s virtue. The philosopher claims that virtue is something which should be admired as it is the highest form of human perfection. People can conduct by rules, and this should be approved, but some people reveal real virtues (kindness, forgiveness, helpfulness in different situations), and this should be admired. The philosopher stresses that these two concepts, propriety, and virtue, should not be confused. It is natural to conduct in a normal way, and
Introduction The issue of whether the Americans are ready to elect the first female president was immeasurably challenging in recent years. Women’s changing position in society, a developing feminist movement, the growing number of female candidates in politics, and their previous success encourage the re-evaluation of public opinion (Sharma 1). The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the current willingness of American society to elect a woman as the U.S. president. During the examination of related materials, it was found out that the opposition to any woman as a president of the United States still exists (Corrington and Hebl 31). However, the major part of the society subsequently considers the idea of a female president in a positive way. Historical Background Throughout the course of the United States history, 33 female candidates had run for the presidency, and by this day, only men have been elected. In 1872, Victoria Woodhull was the first women candidate for the U.S. presidency. She was an activist for women’s and labor rights, a feminist, stockbroker, writer, and businesswoman (Kotz 589). She advocated the freedom for women to marry, divorce, and giving birth to children without the interference of the government (Kotz 589). 1992 was considered to be the “Year of the Woman” as a record number of women were elected to public office (Cook et al. 6). Five female candidates won Senate seats, and twenty-four women were elected to the House of Representatives (Cook et al. 6). Over the years, female politicians built stable communication between each other for effective performance (Newton-Small 7). Women received the right to run equally competitive campaigns with male candidates and influence the political sphere of the country. Gender Stereotypes In 2008, the presidential election in the United States became a fundamental breakthrough for female candidates. Although Hillary Clinton had lost the Democratic nomination for president, according to Nanc