ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Critical analysis of the history of Saudi Arabia indicates that it has undergone great changes, which have contributed to its current stance in the global arena. As a monarchical state, Saudi Arabia remains under the rule of royal families that dominate political, economic, and social spheres. A comparative analysis of various regimes over time indicates that the reign of Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud (2005-2015) experienced unpreceded modernization. Challenges such as the global economic crisis, terrorism, unemployment, fluctuating oil prices, social pressure, and human rights prompted King Abdullah to institute overarching reforms in various sectors. Therefore, this report analyzes Saudi Arabia and examines how leaders and Westernization have contributed to reforms and development, compares and contrasts the global management practices, and discusses business sustenance in the Middle East. The Role of Leaders The analysis of the case study of Saudi Arabia shows that great leaders meaningfully contributed to reforms and development experienced over the decades. As the most influential leader, King Abdullah made remarkable advancements during his reign. In promoting good governance, King Abdullah promulgated succession law (Bay’ah law) in 2007 to ensure that there is a transparent process of choosing kings based on competence rather than seniority. Besides, the law prevents an incapacitated king from staying on the throne (Vietor and Forrest 2). The Bay’ah Council, composed of senior members of the royal family, had the mandate of choosing a successor from three candidates presented by the king. The predecessor of King Abdullah, King Fahd Abdullah Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, also contributed significantly to reforms in Saudi Arabia. In 1992, King Fahd formed the National Consultative Council as a fundamental unit of governance that collects information from society and scholars for the king to get appropriate advice regarding budget, legislation, and governance. The media had permission to cover weekly meetings of the council, and the king gave a fo
Depression is one of the mood disorders and is a distorted mood or negative mood caused by complex imbalance in the activity in the brain or external circumstances. Therefore, those factors causing the aforementioned imbalance or negative mood can be considered as causing depression or contributing to it. It is not yet clear according to Barlow & Durand (2005) because depression has been evidenced even in 3-month old babies. However, 60% to 80% of the causes of depression can be attributed to psychological experiences according to Barlow & Durand (2005), who also adds that the cases are unique to individuals. According to the author, the major reasons that could be blamed for psychological disorders are stress and trauma resulting from life events such as loss of a job, having a child, getting divorced, and starting a career, but more importantly, individual reactions and the settings play a very important role in determining the developments. For example, some individuals sees loosing a job as opportunity to working out their hobbies, while others may be depressed because they already have a family to care for after loosing a job. Depression is a negative emotional state arising from, usually, subconscious thoughts pulled out of the “store of thoughts” to explain circumstances. Perhaps, the implication can be well understood in considering that the cognitive therapy modules are designed to help individuals change the ways one think. This is a systematic process because, for example, negative thoughts may have been repeated overtime and for long, thus becoming automatic thoughts applied by people to respond to most conditions and circumstances or happenings in life. Maladaptive and erroneous processing of information causes depression. The individuals have faulty assumptions and beliefs arising from the biased thinking. Family experiences which are traumatic and historic may cause people to develop negative memories and cognition which cause sadness, depression or anxiety (Sarasola Mental Health Institute, 2008). Negative core beliefs, low self-esteem and family history have been indicated as causatives of depressions. Family history has been connected to the changing in the structure of the brain and its functioning. Negative core beliefs are implicated in causing depression in that it influence thoughts, which in turn generate negative emotional states. Cognitive approach to depression focuses on the self-repressive critical self-evaluations, pessimism, and unrealistic expectations and perceptions. These do not only establish depression but also sustain it. Cognitive approach to treating depression helps individuals change these behaviors and feelings, develop more positive assessment and develop positive life goals. Defense mechanisms expresses unconscious id whose impulses’ expression in behavior cause anxiety. When an individual represses conflict issues or has a decay of memory, unconscious thoughts (
Sales research and analysis for high-end hotels reveal that they should have cross-industry training along with knowledge. This therefore calls for the need to emphasize self-marketing and individual promotion plans. Sales orientation The employee is highly prepared to serve and his key focus is to make the guests happy. Furthermore, he is highly motivated to sell, very enthusiastic and with an animated ability to work well (Abbey, 2008). Secondly, every step he took within the sales interaction was aimed at partnering with the client. Hence, he focused more so on his purpose during every step within the sales process. His plan was to ask for plain commitments rather than closing, once an expression of a clear desire is made. With this in place, he was able to bargain incremental commitments, in exchange for more of his time and information. The employee is motivated to sales mainly due to the sense of urgency and pride generated by maintaining the hotel towering monthly standings. Therefore, he is driven to realize objectives, instead of satisfying his ego. Employee training He has sufficient knowledge of the area and property, as he seemed to be acquainted with key installations and settings. He is aware of the property almost akin to the property fact book. Furthermore, he is aware of the community around such as rental rates, special events, promotional packages, and neighboring facilities. The quality of the interaction was more of a positive atmosphere since it was based on special respect, trustworthiness, understanding, and professional manifestation. This created positive emotions and satisfaction, which then acted as catalyst for sustaining the relationship further. He has been taught to establish eye contact an
There is a proverb in the Incan culture, which is pretty much connected with the way indigenous people percept, love and admire their life values and traditions: “It is better to die while standing, then live on your knees.” (Orlove 131). The language of Quechua that is originally used in this proverb, is by itself presents the struggling and deeply traditional character of the Incan people, who nowadays still manage to preserve their cultural peculiarities and fight for their rights to be expressed. One of the main reasons why Incas are still known and remembered is the ability to save and to esteem the traditional way of thinking, the rituals, the history, which certainly find the reflection in modern culture as well. Inca’s history is dated back to rather early years, but they say that it was not a people in the ordinary meaning, but the whole empire with quite a logical and well-developed culture. After coming to the Cuzco valley, Incas created the whole infrastructure with the roads, architectural buildings and golden constructions to make the Empire of the Sun. Unfortunately, now people have little left from all the Incan treasures, and it is noteworthy that searching for the remaining pieces of the Incan art never stops even now. Like all ancient civilizations and cultures, Incas, now Peruvians do everything to remain distinctive, which is clearly reflected in art. Thus, Incan art is known all over the world, and every year people come to Peru, to see the national costumes, try the food, speak to those who know much about ancient times and hear the Quechua – the original language of Incas. However, the situation with Incan traditions and culture seems to be not so optimistic. The fact is that most of the Incan population descendants live now in Peru and there are much more obstacles on their way for preserving the cultural peculiarities of their ancestors. Here, the Quechuan language can be a considerable example of struggling for tradition and culture preservation. Nowadays, Peru seems to be bilingual, and both Quechua and Spanish languages should be equally used and promoted. Nevertheless, the situation with Quechua is not so encouraging. The matter of the largest concern is that Spanish is becoming the language of authority, privilege, and power in Peru. Almost all educational institutions promote and develop Spanish as the main language. People are not encouraged to speak Quechua, it is becoming inco
President Bush should sign the lobbying bill that was passed by the senate. The aim of this bill is to improve the ethics and policies that govern the relationship between lawmakers and lobbyists. This bill has been introduced at a time when lawmakers have been involved in scandals especially with regards to corruption. These scandals have made the congress to develop a bad reputation. In present day America, lobbyists influence the lawmakers to pass laws and legislations that would favor their personal interests. This goes against the social contract theory that forms the basis of democracy in the United States of America. Therefore, with regards to the article, ‘Congress Backs Tighter Rules on Lobbying,’ I believe that it is ethically and morally correct for the president to pass the bill into law to ensure that the freedom and rights of all Americans are respected. Lobbying has been a part of the political culture in the United States of America. It is a legal political activity that is recognized by the constitution of the United States. However, there are rules and regulations that need to be adhered to (Zeleny and Hulse 2). Furthermore, ethical and moral considerations need to be put in place. It is with regards to these concerns that the senate passed the lobbying bill to improv
Core Principles and Concepts The circular economy is a relative novelty in the field of economics. It promises the change for a more sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly environment that many societies, both developed and developing, can benefit from. However, many people familiar with the concept lack a profound understanding of its mechanism, benefits, and role in business, finance, and societal contexts. Thus, the precise definition and knowledge of the concept are needed to assess circular economies adequately and efficiently implement them. This essay will focus on defining the circular economy, investigating its core principles, exploring its role in societal, financial, and business transformation, and discuss some possible implications for modern contexts. Circular Economy: Solution to the Problem The creation of the circular economy would have been impossible without the current system’s failure that which most societies and businesses operate. Merli, Preziosi, and Acampora (2018) claim that one of the easiest ways to understand a circular economy is to compare it to the linear one and draw the major differences. Linear economy, according to Sassanelli et al. (2019, p. 440), operates on the principle of “take-make-dispose.” To elaborate, this simplified formula highlights that the economy evolved in a way that allows individuals and entities to seek the most profit and benefit for themselves without any regard for long-term consequences. This appr
The Women’s Liberation movement of the twentieth century opened up a number of avenues for women. They were no longer confined to their homes and families and could go ahead and achieve whatever they wanted to. By the end of the twentieth century, women had made their mark as doctors and lawyers. And yet, despite all these outwardly achievements, on the inside women continued to aspire for a husband, children and a home in the suburbs. Even intelligent, successful women secretly aspired the same ideal that their mothers and grandmothers had fought so hard to get rid of. Popular media only fueled these aspirations by not only pointing out what they were missing but by even suggesting ways to get what they wanted. Movies like “Legally Blonde” reinforce the idea that a woman’s primary objective in life is to get a husband and get married and that a woman’s intelligence, capabilities and talents are of not much use if she cannot find herself a suitable husband. Elle Woods, played by Reese Witherspoon in Legally Blonde, is an extremely intelligent women who can get anything she wants once she sets her heart to it. Her natural intelligence is showcased on a number of occasions throughout the movie. She manages a score of 179 in LSATs and gets herself admitted to Harvard Law School with apparently only a little effort. And once she decides to apply herself, she out-performs her classmates. Elle Woods is a woman who can achieve anything she wants. Yet, the sole focus of her life is to get the man who had dumped her to realize his mistake and come back to her. Elle Woods is not an ordinary woman. But her ambitions and aspirations are that of a very ordinary woman and hence very limited. If Elle’s lack of ambition seems strange, her insistence on hiding her intelligent mind behind a facade of expensive clothes and well manicured hands is downright bizarre. Elle does not dress like any ordinary woman. I
Introduction Leadership refers to the act of influencing people socially in order to accomplish certain goals or objectives. As such, individual enlists the support of others in order to achieve certain premeditated results. Additionally, leadership can be described as an act of organizing people and using their individual efforts to accomplish certain goals or tasks. Leadership is the most important factor in achievement of organizational success. A leader may or may not have authority over juniors but his or her services are important in guiding employees. Effcetive and successful leaders possess certain attributes that enable them guide organizations to success. These include intelligence, vision, knowledge and skills, good behavior, compassion, positive values and ideals, honesty, and trust. One of the most important aspects of leadership is the style of leadership a leader chooses to adopt. Behavior determines type and effectiveness of leadership style. Leadership styles include authoritarian, democratic, affiliative, and free reign leadership styles. Democratic leadership This leadership style is characterized by delegation of responsibilities and focus on teamwork. Leaders who adopt this style value the benefit of delegating leadership responsibilities to juniors. In addition, they encourage teamwork for achievement of better results. However, they possess authority to make decisions that affect their teams. Democratic leaders involve all members in the decision making process and promote equality among members. In addition, they encourage open discussions, debates, sharing of ideas and knowledge, and training to empower employees. They recognize need for participation of all members in execution of organizational tasks and achievement of goals. Members have freedom to make decisions and develop personal plans that fit their goal-achievement strategy. However, there is need for guidance from the leader on effective ways to achieve organizational goals. Democratic leaders are sincere and honest in their actions. They base their actions and decisions on ethics and reason. As such, they display confidence, which is necessary for employee motivation. Democratic leaders promote innovation and creativity by giving employees freedom to make decisions that affect them and the organization. Freedom enables employees develop creative strategies and plans of achieving goals and objective. Moreover, d
Introduction It has being observed that serving the humanity for a noble cause not only brings welfare, well-being, but also the prosperity to ones inner soul and overall life. The humanity turned towards civilization when it came to realize the importance of helping and assisting the other human beings, caring living things and supporting a civilized society which turned the cave age stay of men into a modern civilized and much more compact world. The concept of humanity does not end with the concept of living and caring in a digital, technological and modern world, but starts and ends with the global noble and human cause of bringing a feeling and sense of care for all living and well beings on this single planet. We call it the black age where human miserably fought the worst wars of the human history, taken of vast land just for the cause of creating dominance on the map of the earth or killing each other in the name of the desperate revenge. Hence, these all events lead the scholars and intellects around the globe that these aggressive occupation of land, dominance of ethnics, or any sort of power that brings one entity as supervisor or superior on another, would take nowhere. And it leads to the emergence of the world’s most generous, kind, man loving and peace widen individuals around the world who not only sent a message of serving humanity, serving mankind, spreading peace, and making world a better and lovable place for all generations to come, but also did them in their own lives as practice so as to pursue people for the cause of loving and serving hu
The ship begins a voyage around the world and in the course of this voyage some of the parts of the ship inevitably break. One by one, the broken parts of the ship are replaced with new parts that are similar to the original parts. By the time the ship returns home at the port, all parts have been replaced after breaking down one by one. From the framing to the deck to the last bolt and nut, everything has been replaced. Even the painting is new. The question that begs is whether this ship is the same or it is a different ship. This is a tricky question bearing in mind that meaning all the parts of the ship have been replaced at the end of the long voyage meaning that the original outlook has been changed. The original structure has also been changed with parts that are identical to the original parts. Is this ship a different one or the same old ship that left the port for the voyage? To start with, it is important to note that if one looks at the ship when it lands back at the port, it is almost impossible to note that the ship has undergone replacements because the parts that have been used to replace the original parts are identical to the replaced part. The name of the ship and the registration has not changed and what have changed are the parts that initially made up the ship. The whole ship has changed, from the largest part to the smallest nut in the ship. The problem is that people cannot notice the difference because the parts used are quite identical and this brings this discussion to a new realm where we ask ourselves some pertinent questions. One of the most important questions is: just because people cannot notice the difference because identical new parts have been used, does this mean that the ship is still the same one? Surely, this is not the ship that left the port. The parts that made the initial ship are absent in the ship that arrives at the port. The entire structure and composition have changed and changing the entire structure of the ship by putting new parts are the same as buying a new ship and putti
Selecting a HRM tool Human Resource Management (also referred to as HRM) is a role in the establishments that is intended to exhaust the possibilities of the worker enactment in the provision of a manager’s tactical and planned purposes. Human Resource is principally apprehensive with the administration of the individuals within the establishments, aiming its attention towards strategies and arrangements. Human Resource subdivisions and components in the establishments characteristically accept a number of undertakings, together with member welfares that project operative employment, preparation and expansion, enactment assessment, and recompensing (for example, handling reimbursement and subsidy arrangements). Human Resource distresses itself with the manufacturing affairs as well, to be precise, the corresponding of administrative performance with necessities that arise from communal negotiating and from administrative regulations. According to R. Buettner, “Human Resource Management covers the following core areas: job design and analysis, workforce planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation (remuneration), and legal issues” (Mann & Stewart, 2000, p. 32). These implements propose a technique for evaluating what an establishment’s Human Resource Management scheme involves and how thriving it works. The Human Resource Management Assessment Tool provides assistance for workers in emerging approaches towards refining the human resource system and turning it into as efficient as probable. It is able to assist as a foundation for concentrating deliberations, devising, and tactical preparation as well. It is intended to be applied in the community and private-segment wellbeing establishments. For recently established establishments, the tool is able to assist as a director for emerging the finest Human Resource Management organization. For already recognized establishments in front of the variations, for example, diminishing out facilities, distributing, economizing, or development, the tool is able to help as an orientation for the kinds of Human Resource Management matters, which has to be implemented in order to accomplish the alteration productiv