ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Thesis Drumming is practised in a different manner among various communities depending with their corresponding traditions and music 1 . The subject of drumming in Haiti, its transition and assimilation in Cuba, as well as its general effect on Cuban music will be analyzed within this paper. The existence of various instruments in these two nations and the rest of the world creates another area that may require exploration. In connection, the significance of the analysis is discussed within the paper and further details given with regards to how drumming is done in the country: This led to the development of Afro Cuban jazz. Drumming in Haiti is a section of culture that has significantly influenced music in the modern setting. A proper understanding of this art helps appreciate the Haitian culture, as well as recognize its influence on music. An extensive knowledge on the history of drumming in Haiti, the transition process, as well as the influence on modern music is essential for analyzing this topic. In that sense, this paper will cover the history of drumming in Haiti, the different types of drums used as well as their rhythm and meaning to the cultures in Haiti and Cuba. The study also looks at the transition and effect of the art in Cuba and how other cultures borrowed from this Haitian way of life. Introduction Music involves the use of various types of instruments in order to bring out its desired elements. The drum is played either by the use of a stick or directly by the player’s hands.According to various sources, the use of drums for musical purposes is known as drumming. Drumming in Haiti began as a normal practice during Vodou, which is a sacred performance linked with the henotheistic religion. However, the practice transitioned to Cuba with time and led to the emergence of afro Cuban jazz. From that point, many other cultures borrowed the custom, which is currently a common practice around the world. Haitian Vodou Brief history As a developing country, Haiti’s economy grew from the days of slavery that was conducted by slave dealers. The slaves fetched from Africa would have a stopover in this region bordering the Caribbean Sea and Cuba. The slaves had their way of worship. However, this was considered backward by the westerners who imposed Catholicism to the slaves 2 . The slaves, for that matter, established ways of worship that would deceive the slave dealers in order to worship their gods secretively. The African slaves used various types of drums to call on different spirits. In addition, the assigned names to spirits, and call on them for guidance and protection. More so, they consulted the spirits that are beli
In her narrative about coming of age in Mississippi, Anne Moody begins her process of activism exactly as Martin Luther King Jr. outlines while still following her own path. King said that “in any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: a collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification and direct action.” One point in Moody’s story that depicts a point in her life when she had to make the decision to act nonviolently occurs relatively early in her story as she is making the decision to leave Mississippi. Her thought process through this segment of her story illustrates how she followed and amended King’s process to her own needs. Moody begins the passage by illustrating how she began thinking of activism by collecting the facts. She relates the story of poor Samuel O’Quinn who was murdered as he walked the distance from the town to his home on the outskirts. According to Moody, he was shot from behind at close range, indicating both that the murderers wanted to take no chances at missing, Samuel most likely knew he was about to be killed and that the killing was done in what would normally be considered a cowardly fashion had it involved all white men under the old codes of chivalry and fair play. This incident serves as a catalyst for Moody who then begins remembering other killings that had already taken place. “I lay in bed for two days after his death recalling the Taplin burning, Jerry’s beating, Emmett Till’s murder and working for Mrs. Burke.” All of these are evidence of the inequality and oppression of the South toward black people. Moody’s negotiation stage is comprised more of careful consideration of the available options at her disposal. “I thought of waging a war in protest against the killings all by myself if no one else would help.” However, she had to come to grips both with her own physical and psychological limitations and escaped into her thoughts as she attempted to discover a new plan of action. This closely approximates the self-purification stage mentioned by King as she “became a real loner. I spent most of my time in school, at work or in church. Whenever I was home, I stayed in my room to avoid Raymond. I even moved the piano in there. I didn’t have any contact with my classmates or teachers outside the classroom.” Her associations with others are stopped because she is furious with other black people for not rising up in anger against the killings, beatings and oppression and she is angry with her white employer for not speaking out against it. Although she had planned to finish high school in Mississippi and then escape to the north or somewhere the oppression might not be quite so oppressive, this purification stage makes waiting any longer nearly unbearable. Finally, Moody is driven to the direct action stage when she packs up her belongings and decides to move to New Orleans. “I would go to New Orleans to work at the restaurant, then finish high school at night.” While her action does little to stop the problems in Centerville, by removing herself and Adline from this oppressive atmosphere, Moody made a strong pers
An Ethical Dilemma in Public Administration The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), after many years of working closely with various environmental scientists, came up with the Clean Power Plan that was meant to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the American Atmosphere (Chen, 2017). The agency was acting in line with the commitment made by the United States and many other United Nations member states during the Paris Climate Accord to cut down on the emission of carbon gases. The agency was keen on identifying industries that were responsible for the largest emission of these gases. The survey commissioned by the agency revealed that power generation plants, specifically coal-fired plants, were leaders in the emission of carbon gases (Galpin, Whittington, & Bell, 2015). It was necessary to come up with a delicate balance between economic and environmental benefits. On the one hand, these power stations played a critical role in enhancing energy security in the country. They provided the energy that industrial and domestic sectors needed at a relatively reasonable cost. On the other hand, it was necessary to determine the impact of these plants on the environment. One of the most important pillars of sustainability is the ability to protect the environment. Instead of shutting down these plants, a plan was developed by this agency to introduce new guidelines for power generation at these stations. It was understood that they played a crucial role in the economy, and the country could not afford to close them. The plan meant that these plants had to use emerging technologies to ensure that their emission of greenhouse gases was reduced to the lowest level possible (Parris, 2016). The federal government, under the leadership of President Obama, approved the plan in 2016 (Yonk, Lofthouse, & Hansen, 2017). It is important to note that most of these stations registered their displeasure with the new policy because of the additional costs involved. The power generation plants stated that they would have no otherwise but to pass on the cost to the customer. To the Environmental Protection Agency, this was one of the greatest achievements in its quest to protect the environment. The new law meant that the United States was committed to the Paris accord. When the Trump administration took over power, the policy towards environmental conservation took a sharp turn from what the previous administration had embraced. The new administration expressed its displeasure towards a policy that limits the capacity of the United States to produce energy (Stillman, 2010). It took a more relaxed approach to environmental conservation. The biggest dilemma that emerged soon after the assumption of power by the current administration was the announcement that the Clean Power Plan would be abolished under the new administration. It meant that the government would no longer embrace policies that limited the capacity of all power plants in the country, including coal-fired stations, to produce enough energy at the lowest cost possible. It took years
Introduction Organizational management involves bringing employees together and working towards the realization of the organization’s goals and objectives. It involves planning, organizing, controlling, guiding and managing the firm’s staff. The aim of the paper is to explore ways by which a company can manage its staff through outsourcing. Discussion Pfizer found out that the professional staff they employed was not doing the job for which they were employed. Instead of developing strategies and innovating, the executives were participating in menial jobs like researching, preparing PowerPoint presentations and the like. Upon realizing this, Pfizer’s senior director of organizational effectiveness Jordan Cohen turned to two outsourcing companies in India whose charges were not as high as those of other companies in the US like charged $215 per hour. This concept of outsourcing work to external firms is known as OOF (Office of the Future), when a Pfizer executive finds some task to be done, he simply contacts the firm in India (OOFs) and informs them about the task. They then agree on the cost of the project and once negotiations are done, the Indian begins the project (Vision, 2008). This concept has great advantages to the executives and lower-cadre employees of the company. Benefits include time saving as tasks that were initially done in six months now take half the time to complete, this relieves pressure off the employees who have time to work on other important tasks and employees meet the deadlines. The financial benefits are also remarkable, ROOF’s charges are as low as a tenth of the cost that other management consulting firms would charge, yet the work is of the same quality. The outsourcing firms also undertake financial analyses and market research projects at much lower costs and their work is impressive. The employees at Pfizer have also benefited from the OOF idea, they now have more freedom to perform other core tasks for which they were contracted. They get analyses complete with PowerPoint presentations and this makes their work easier (Vision, 2008). The OOF idea has been so successful with Pfizer that other US companies have adopted it through virtual assistants, customer service and web programmers. The OOF approach has both positive and negative implications on the organizational structure. This approach promotes work specialization in a firm since the employees can perform the task for which they were contracted i.e. each employee does the task for which he/she is good at. There was no specialization before the adoption of this approach since the employees used to engage in menial tasks like Googling and making PowerPoint presentations. Once the outsourcing firms do these tasks, Pfizer employees are able to use these results to develop strategies and find innovative methods. This approach makes product departmentalization rather difficult since the manager to whose control OF falls will find it difficult to check on the progr
The environments and culture of a country are the major aspects that influence business and people’s readiness to get involved in one. UAE is a unique place that has its own qualities of life and business expectations. The United States is another nation that is very business oriented and the culture of American people is also definitive of organizations. There are differences present between the two but mutual businesses unite environments and cultures for reciprocal beneficial future. The culture of a nation or country is the single most important determinant of the environment, in particularly relevant to business. The United Arab Emirates is a multicultural society that revolves around religion, traditional lifestyle and economic development. Within the past decades, the UAE have seen major changes in businesses and growth. Even thought there is separation between classes and incomes, most recently, it has been considered the land of opportunity where business will prosper. This has led to a significant increase of migrants, who are developing and contributing to the nation. Oil and gas industries have played an influential role in the progress that has taken place. This resulted in the rise of many projects within the EAU, including infrastructure, residential construction, education and manufacture. The establishment of companies involved in sales and services created opportunities for business to move into the region and expand their success. The communication systems and internet have aided in the coordination of businesses and people’s involvement in small companies and corporations. The environment has become very efficient for opening and operating in the UAE. Because the soil for development is becoming very rich with possibilities, the economy is estimated to grow with an increase in GDP of up to ten to twelve per cent. This would lead to as much as thirty to forty billion US dollars extra, in comparison to previous years. Tourism, shopping and the culture itself are very alluring to people and potential businesses. The federal capital Abu Dhabi, alone outputs over 90 per cent of all oil in the country and 9 per cent is thought to be a stable reserve in the whole world ( Doing business with the United Arab Emirates , 2006). Security and stability of the environment have been at a constant increase, as the government is becoming more tolerant and has been implementing policies that help for businesses to be successful. An example would be the taxation system and allowance for specific “zones” where ownership and operation is fully given to the owner of the land. The government welcomes new businesses and has lowered tariffs on the imported goods. The system and administr
Aerobic is a physical exercise, which helps people to keep their body fit. Some students may fail to attend aerobics class because they are not interested. Lack of interest may hinder students from attending class. Another reason is that the activities involved in aerobics may be difficult for students. If students, do not expect to learn from aerobic class they will not attend. Students always like to attend classes that they will learn from the lecturer. Aerobic classes are recreational and so student may fail to attend, as it will not help in their course work. Because this course is not examinable, students may under look it. Students’ attitude towards the lecturer may also determine whether they will attend the class. If students have a negative attitude towards the lecturer, they will not attend classes. The workload of student in course work may make him miss aerobic class in order to concentrate on course work . Finally, students may fail to attend aerobic classes due to influence from other students. The number of students reduces dramatically as time goes. Those who drop continue influencing others to follow suit. Motivation is the process that guides and maintains goal oriented behaviors. It involves biological, social and emotional cognitive forces that influence behavior. It causes people to act. Extrinsic motivations are those that arise from outside the individual. They involve money, promotion, accolades, and social praise. Intrinsic motivations are those that arise from within an individual such as satisfaction with what he or she is doing. As an aerobic lecturer, one should maintain a positive attitude towards the students. Lecturers who are friendly and knowledgeable about students’ interests demonstrate personal qualities that motivate students. Discipline is another significant factor in motivating students. It involves responding negatively to behaviors to deter future occurrences. Inform the student that they are making mistakes by not attending classes. Describe the behaviors and standards expected from the students and ask them to comply. Rewarding the students that attend aerobic class may also serve as a motivator. Extrinsic motivators in terms of reward can help students who lack intrinsic motivation . Reward may be in the form of participation certificate, praise or a gift. As a lecturer, allow students to participate in the activities. Give some students time to guide others. This will help in boosting their self-esteem and consequently motivation increase. Caring about the student may also improve their morale. Show them that you care by sharing problems with them. Ask them the problems they face, their concerns and their goals. In doing this, the student will see the lecturer as an experienced person, and they will appreciate his class. Most of the students will attend classes if they
International Justice Double Standards The critic’s assertion that International justice has engaged in activities that depict double standards is right. Critics of the International Criminal Court (ICC) have raised pertinent issues about the equity and biases of international justice. Notably, the perception of the double standards has developed since several leaders, which the ICC has arrested and charged in its courts, come from developing countries like Africa, Asia, and other marginalized regions of the world. For example, former Liberian president Charles Taylor and other African leaders in Rwanda have received their sentence, while others like President Omar Al Bashir of Sudan and Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta is yet to face trial. The indictment and arrest of the leaders of these regions create an image of double standards in the minds of several people, who tend to believe that the ICC exercises double standards in the manner of conducting its operations. The fact that few arrests take place in European and the North American continents further compound the issue of double standards and clearly presents ICC as a court of justice exercising double standards. Various leaders and individuals indicted, those already sentenced, and those facing arrest come from countries in continents such as Africa and Asia. Augusto Pinochet, Muammar Gaddafi, and Omar Al Bashir are leaders who come from these countries in Arabia, Africa, and other developing countries of the world. Fundamentally, the continued arrest of the leaders of these regions compounds the situation and increases the distrust that several individuals develop towards the court of justice. The recent civil unrest witnessed in several Arab countries such as Libya and Egypt led to a regional protest from the various continents to pull out of the Rome statute. Another element that presents the issue of double standards from the international court of justice is the location and the power given to the statute. The distant location creates a feeling that international bodies undermine the sovereignty and ability of democratic nations across the world to administer justice to the perpetrators. Evidently, a number of international courts administering justice like the ICC have their main offices in regions such as the Netherlands, which are far from the most affected continents such as Africa and Asia. In addition, the long time taken by the courts to deliver the required sentences on the victims increases the level of distrust that people have on these international bodies of justice. The inefficiency of the justice system, the location of the courts, and the absence of transparency are some of the factors that have increased the double standards in the international bodies of justice. Mechanism of Redress The international fields of justice can employ aspects like delegation of duties, democracy, and transparency. Employment of
Ethical dilemma in the career of psychologists involves several critical aspects including the effect on the psychological service rendered. In a remarkable ethical dilemma where questions regarding what is good and what is wrong are entailed, I faced a conflict of making the decision whether to go on with the scheduled counseling session with Ayesha, who needs psychological assistance with regard to critical aspects in her life and career. It is a specific situation because the client’s father has asked not to continue with the counseling program. Therefore, the ethical dilemma in my case results from the conflict between my duty, as a responsible psychologist, to assist the neediest situation of my client and my duty to abide by the code of ethics, especially the code of ethics specified by the Australian Psychological Association which limit the free use of the psychologist’s jurisdiction in cases of disputes. Therefore, the dilemma that I faced as a school psychologist dealing with the psychological issues of Ayesha has been the ethical choice needed to be taken between what is good and what is wrong – that is to say, whether to stick on to the decision of meeting the clients or to make a decision responding to the demand of Ayesha’s father. Any decision addressing the dilemma at hand needs to be the most thoughtful and judicious as the General Principle B: Propriety of the Code of Ethics explains. “ Psychologists anticipate the foreseeable consequences of their professional decisions, provide services that are beneficial to people and do not harm them. Psychologists take responsibility for their professional decisions” (Australian Psychological Society, 2007) The ethical dilemma involves various related aspects such as the dispute between the career choice and the cultural and moral aspects of Ayesha, her secret love affair with a non-Muslim boy, the progress of the counseling session, the necessity for psychological assistance to the client, the strong requirement of Ayesha’s father prohibiting the counseling with her, and the moral responsibility felt by me as a psychologist dealing with the serious issues of the client’s life. These are pertinent issues that need to be addressed in an investigation of my ethical dilemma. The specific situation that I face, to be clear, represents a conflict between competing prima facie duties of fidelity and beneficence. Duty of care for a student whose welfare is at issue or whether the decision of the parent, as the client’s legal representative, should be respected and thus, resulting in complying with the parent’s request to immediately terminate therapy with the s