ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction When examining the initial implementation procedures utilized by Amanco for its sustainability scorecard (SSC), the first error that was made was trying to implement a generalized scorecard procedure across all its different branches. What must be understood is that each branch of Amanco located in 25 countries within Latin America operated under a distinct decentralized manner with differences in procedures and business culture often being influenced by that country’s inherent social concepts and government regulations (Lewis, 2000). In fact, it was even noted within the case study that the CEO of Amanco at the time, Roberto Salas, acknowledged the inherent problems with dealing with the decentralized structure of operations that characterized Amanco across variosu countries. Implementing SSC Across International Divisions What must be understood is that if a generalized SSC is implemented in several corporate locations all with the same business culture, procedures, and methods of operation then it is highly likely that the interpretation and implementation of the SSC across such branches would be similar with few dissimilar characteristics. In the case of Amanco, the decentralized and differing operational and business culture aspects of its Latin American branches resulted in different interpretations of the SSC resulting in varying results, conflicting data and managers often questioning how to determine proper compliance. It must also be understood is that initially, Amanco expected all branches to comply with the established SSC as def
This paper focuses on the Evaluation of the Sound Families Initiative preliminary report findings submitted to The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in April 2004.The evaluation report focuses on the impacts the sound families initiative has had on families which are beneficiaries of a transitional housing program developed to provide new housing and support services for homeless families or families in danger of becoming homeless in three counties namely King, Pierce and Snohomish with support from the Bill & Melinda gates foundation. Evaluation findings indicate that 292 families were served through the program. Majority of the families (66%) moved to stable permanent housing after exiting the program, 18% of the families moved to live with their families or friends. Of the remaining percentage, 7% headed to shelter, jailor inpatient treatment.The fate of the remaining 9%remained unknown (Bodonyi, 2004, p.5). The evaluation questions were designed at three levels. On the first level, clients were asked questions relating to changes on economic indicators, housing, social support networks, arrests, changes in use of emergency health care, whether children are stable in school. Clients were also asked about their satisfaction with the housing programs and to give feed back on how the program can be improved. Finally, clients were asked about what services they were receiving and the continuity of those services as well. The second level involved project mangers who answered questions relating to changes on availability of capital, new collaborations between stakeholders, operation and funding of services programs and how the capacities of the programs could be enriched. They were also asked to give important data concerning program structures, funding and also their experiences in implementing a Sound family funded project. (Bodonyi, 2004, p.6) Questions asked to stakeholders comprised the third level of evaluation. The questions related to changes on resources available to develop transitional housing within the counties, provision of funding and sustainability of support services offered and new collaborations that have to be formed. The principal research method used for the evaluation was case study while data was collected by the use of interviews, surveys the main data collection tools were interview, survey Client interviews were conducted 6months after admission to the program. Follow up interviews were carried out after 6months, 1year and 2years after exit from the program. Project managers completed a written survey at the end of every
This paper examines the similarities and differences that exist between men and women in their consumer role. It looks at how the different sexes view shopping, consume different products and think about their prices. Comparison Both men and women love shopping either in supermarkets or shopping malls. However, men are rare shoppers than women when it comes to home appliances. This can be attributed to the fact that women are caretakers of the family hence their shopping will always revolve around domestic products. Only bachelors are likely to consider buying home appliances. Even so, they would only buy a few things at a time. Both men and women are great consumers of electronics; however, there exist a differing trend in their style of shopping. While men are attracted to electronics for prestige and fun, women’s motive is always to make work easier. Nevertheless, consumption of ICT products has seen women also joining men in the purchase of laptops, iphones, and flat screen TVs among others (NBC 33 TV par. 1-4). Both men and women are great consumers of media services. Even though they watch and listen to different programs, their listenership and viewership are almost equal explaining why the media practitioners have to take care of both of gender needs. Men have been found to consume products such as perfumes that were traditionally associated with women. Even beauty products and hair styles are now being associated with men contrary to the traditional stereotype that considered things such as perfumes, expensive body lotions and creams and sophisticated hair styles feminine (Odell par. 1). Another new trend in consumption is recorded in the purchase of motors vehicles. While men were traditionally considered great consumers of vehicles, women now own cars at almost the same rate as men (Szustek par. 8). This is because of the important role vehicles play in movement as more women become increasingly involvement in white collar jobs. Differences Unlike women, men are less likely to be concerned about prices or bargains. Men are likely to complete their shopping within the shortest possible time compared to women who are usually conversant with the prices and are more likely to be found bargaining. Many women do impulse buying as compared to men since women are often window shopping and are thus easily lured by attractive products. Women like doing their shopping slowly comparing prices and qualities whereas men just go for what they came for; they mind less about
Outline Ecological disasters have numerous connotations. Some are attributable to nature, others occur due to man’s exploitation of natural resources and in some cases, it manifests as a combination of both. This essay examines the ‘Dust Bowl’ phenomenon that afflicted the American High plains through the explorations of Timothy Egan’s book Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl with a view to arriving at the possible causes of this unique ecological disaster. The essay examines Egan’s thesis that the Prairies subsisted as a holistic ecosystem till such time man started converting vast lands of the high plains for wheat production. This made the soil lose its protective layer of grass that held it together. The economic conditions of the Great Depression and the failure of rains in 1929 created conditions where the lands devoid of protective grass became dry and dust whipped up by the winds obliterated towns in the entire area. The rains failed consecutively for nine long years and that further made the situation worse. Egan argues that human greed in selling unsuspecting settlers lands naturally inhospitable for human settlements also contributed to the creation of the dust bowl. The essay then examines the dynamics of wheat overproduction and its effect on the lands. The dry dusty conditions exacerbated health problems but proved conducive for the growth of grasshopper swarms that destroyed much of the harvest further bringing in misery. The efforts of the US government at restoring ecological balance were only partially successful and it was ultimately nature th
A family is a unit where individuals closely communicate with each other and influence the health of each other. It is important to provide families with information concerning their health and the ways they can improve it, as families form the society. Collective health begins at home, and a nurse can become a medium between the family and the society, explaining the importance of different health strategies to the family members. There are different principle-based approaches that are able to improve family health. According to the first perspective, a larger context should be considered when planning health promotion programming. It means that a family should be regarded as an entry point for collective health. Second, the importance of family health for policy and funding decisions should be considered. Third, it is important to explain to the members of the families that they can influence collective health greatly (Barnes et al., 2020). Thus, some approaches are aimed at promoting the family members’ awareness about the importance of their health, as family health influences the overall society. The ways of improving family health also should include not only informing people about the importance of their health, but also some measures that the family members should follow. According to the Australian Government Department of Health (n.d.), health promotion strategies should include such activities as breastfeeding, promoting physical activity, and preventing injuries. Besides, the list of such activities includes smoking cessation programs, preventing SIDS, and promoting early literacy. A nurse can also play an important role in the process, explaining the importance of the abovementioned activities. As Hanson et al. (2019) put it, the visits of the nurses in the framework of the Nurse-Family Partnership program help to improve maternal and child health. A nurse can analyze the gaps in the lifestyle of the family members and based on the knowledge about their dis
Introduction The number of children aged below twelve years in Canada is high and keeps on rising. Over the past few years, child-targeted advertising has become a lucrative industry that is estimated to generate 250 billion dollars annually (Desmond, 2007). It is estimated that young children spend 700 million dollars each year on items such as clothes, electronics, and snack foods (Desmond, 2007). The narrator in the film, Consuming Kids, argues that the fact that children spend an “equivalent of the combined economies of the world’s 115 poorest countries” has attracted many marketers to this market (Barbaro & Earp, 2008). Advertisers have no difficulty accessing this market segment as the deregulation of media advertising in the 1980s removed all restrictions. This paper will argue that child-targeted has social and psychological effects on children and thus, warrants regulation. The first part of this paper elucidates the psychological tactics that marketers use to reach children and the effects of such approaches. The paper will then discuss why advertising to children is a social problem and what can be done to regulate it. In the final section, a conclusion regarding marketing to children below twelve years will be provided. What Do We Know? While child-targeted marketing is not new, it gained a dramatic prominence after the deregulation of media advertising in the 1980s. Media advertising began in the 1950s following the invention of television (Butter, Popovich, Stackhouse & Garner, 1981). Besides the advent of television, a large number of children (baby boomers) motivated the 1950s marketers to create ads targeting younger children. An example is a commercial by Hasbro about Mr. Potato Head products, an assortment of children’s toys, which was advertised on television (Butter et al., 1981). During this period, an estimated 87 percent of households owned television sets in Canada (Butter et al., 1981, p. 91). Marketers capitalized on the growing number of television sets to reach out to younger consumers. In the 1970s, children-targeted advertising became an issue of public interest. Following pressure from various public organizations, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) developed policies that prohibited selling to children (Desmond, 2007). However, the rules became obsolete in 1980 following the federal government’s deregulation of media advertising. The deregulation marked a new era in marketing. The narrator of the film, Consuming Kids, describes the 1980s as a “period that child-targeted marketing came into its own as an industry” (Barbaro & Earp, 2008). During this period, advertising was liberalized and many firms started marketing directly to children. The Social Issues around Child-targeted Advertising Often, children depend on commercials as not only as forms of entertainment but also as sources of information about what they should buy partly because marketers package commercials in a ‘fun to watch’ way. Researchers have established that commercials about toys and action fi
Introduction Ross (2010) defines transcription as the conversion of speech into text. This process is common while analyzing qualitative data and therefore, the nature and the intensity of the process can pose a challenge on data analysis and consequently the research findings. This write up will highlight data transcription as a qualitative data analysis challenge through critically analyzing three articles that have dwelt on this subject and, propose possible research approaches that can be used to conduct similar studies. Ross argument on transcription of interviews Ross (2010) in his article titled “Was that Infinity or Affinity? Applying Insights from Transcription Studies to Qualitative Research Transcription” outlines that over the years many researchers have overlooked the transcription of interviews as a major challenge in the research process. Ross (2010) argues that the findings of a qualitative research that employs interviews as a mode of data collection, is subject to criticism because of the direct influence of the researcher. This is because the researcher plays a critical role while capturing the themes and as a result, misinterpretation of the interviewee insights might occur thus, compromising on the internal validity of the research. To illustrate the problem, Ross (2010) has highlighted the importance of the transcription process in data analysis by providing a comprehensive background on research transcription and translation techniques. He has also mentioned authors who have failed to identify transcription as a major qualitative research challenge. Further, Ross (2010) has used several theories of transcription such as equivalence, Foreignisation and domestication. In addition, Ross (2010) has analysed several interviews with particular emphasis on the different aspects of a conversation in order to emulate the importance of transcription. The use of various examples of verbatim transcriptions and a narration
Dental implantation is a relatively safe and long-lasting replacement of a missing tooth. Replacement of a tooth is important because the bone starts to atrophy within a year after missing the tooth. It leads to a sinus lift or bone graft, which involves a complicated surgery. Patients lose their teeth due to mistreatment or trauma, but sometimes they are missing from birth. According to the insurance policy of Illinois, dental implants are not covered by insurance (BlueCross BlueShield of Illinois, 2021). However, it is essential that all patients could have access to tooth replacement covered by insurance. Despite the importance of tooth replacement, dental implantation has several complications. They include infection, nerve damage, prolonged bleeding, and jaw fracture (Turkyilmaz, 2019). However, non-replacement can lead to a more serious surgery which has even more grave outcomes. In addition, an individual without teeth has an increased risk of accidentally damaging the gums with food, which will also lead to further treatment. If a tooth is not replaced, a sinus lift operation can be needed, which may cause nasal ecchymosis, emphysema, bleeding, incisional breakdown, and other complications (Candotto et al., 2020). In addition, when a tooth is missing, teeth start to shift in the mouth, which leads to pathologies. Thus, it can be easier to prevent serious complications which have to be covered by insurance by dental implantation. Since the issue is essential for the healthcare system of Illinois, it seems reasonable to suggest several strategies to attract public and governmental attention to it. First, it is necessary to assess the number of people who will benefit from dental implantation. To do that, volunteers may conduct a public poll that will prove the necessity of this category in insurance to the government. Second, dentists may sign a petition advocating for dental implementation and send it to the government. Third, volunteers and doctors may list the number of positive health outcomes that will follow the initiative’s adoption. Similarly, they may list consequences that will deteriorate the health conditions of Illinois citizens if the law is not approved. Finally, volunteers may prove the necessity of this category in medical insurance by counting the amount of money that the Illinois government will get from the US government on the project’s realization. However, it is necessary to remember that the measures should not be implemented separately, as their combination is more likely to give the needed result than single steps.
Parenting Principles of psychology are very important in parenting as they guide parents and caregivers on how to nurture children from childhood to adulthood. Parenting is a psychological work that requires proper understanding of human development in order nurture children appropriately for them to achieve appropriate physical and psychological health in the society. Psychological principles have enabled parents and caregivers to give systemic care to the children and have greatly transformed parenting styles in the society. Children development theories on psychology such as psychosexual theory by Sigmund Freud, psychosocial theory by Erick Erickson, cognitive development theory by Jean Piaget, social learning theory by Albert Bandura and many other development theories have made significant contribution in enhancing parenting and development of children. Diana Baumrind in her theory of parenting argues that, “parenting styles contribute significantly to the children’s cognitive development” (Tiller 22). Thus, proper growth and development of children depend on psychological principles applied in different parenting styles. Since psychology is an essential part of parenting, psychological theories have made significant contribution to the process of childhood development. Psychosexual theory Sigmund Freud, in his psychosexual theory explored the concept of sexual development from psychological point of view arguing that sexual development intricately links the behavior, beliefs, and psychology of an individual. He divided childhood development into five psychosocial stages namely oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Sigmund Freud changed the perception of sex when he proposed that sexuality forms an integral part of childhood development as sex mediates between the body and the mind. He further noted that sexual instincts are major driving forces in personality development. Thus, understanding by the parents and caregivers that sexual drives are the determinants of personality development has enhanced parenting care since children display strange behaviors related to psychosexual stages that usually seem to be quite abnormal. For instance, when children are at the oral stage, they have the habit of sucking fingers and putting any objects into the mouth because according to Sigmund Freud, mouth is the primary source of sexual drive during infancy. In order to avoid fixation, the parents and caregivers sh
Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should have learned how to recognize the different parts of speech and be able to apply them correctly. They should be in a position to follow instructions, both oral and written They should have developed their vocabulary and English language fluency. Materials/Resources needed Worksheets, writing materials, charts, English grammar textbooks Standards Addressed & Expectations of the Student The standards addressed in this lesson are applications – K.S.1.1, comprehension – K.S.1.2, and demonstration – K.S.1.3. The students are expected to apply the lesson content in both their written and spoken grammar. This is one of how they can demonstrate their understanding of the entire lesson topic. Anticipatory Set When setting the lecture stage, the teacher is supposed to ensure that the classroom is arranged in a way that he/she can access every student without having to move around the classroom. All students should also be in a position to see the blackboard without obstructing each other. The teacher should then inform the students of the benefits of participating by saying something like, “this is the best lecture you will ever get and any active participation will be rewarded adequately.” Instructional Input Give the students a one hour lecture on the topic while they take their notes. Before the lesson, the teacher should provide the students with reading materials which they are expected to go through during their free time. In class, the main activity will therefore be to explain the ideas to them. The pre-reading should ensure that they can understand and ask questions on areas where they did not understand. It also gives the teacher an easy time in class in that he/she works with the assumption that they have the general idea of the whole lesson content. Modeling As for the demonstration, the teacher should require the students to listen as he/she gives the lecture and identify parts of speech from his/her voice. They should write down their findings as this will give the teacher an overview of whether they have understood or not. They should document these findings in the charts at the end of the lesson for future reference and hang these charts around the classrooms. Check for Understanding To determi