ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The contemporary western society has contributed considerably to the creation of an inclusive and favorable environment for people with special needs. For instance, the governments of western countries aim to increase the rate of people with disabilities in the labor market (Moody et al., 2017). Although many steps have been undertaken and spaces and workplaces have become more inclusive, diverse barriers to the employment of these people persist (Steverson, 2020). When considering these obstacles, it is important to pay specific attention to the type of the condition of this population in order to identify the exact challenges they have to address. Working places have to be accommodated in accordance with the needs of the person with a disability. It is widely accepted that up to 70% of people with visual impairment are unemployed although such statistical data is rather inaccurate (McDonnall, 2019). However, it has been proved that the majority of these people are out of work, and some of the major issues they encounter are related to transportation, space, and people’s attitudes. This paper includes a detailed description of the central barriers to employment for individuals with visual impairment. Some of the Major Issues the Target Population Meets The research associated with the barriers to employment for individuals with visual impairments have to face has unveiled the central areas of concern. It has been acknowledged that an insufficiently inclusive working environment is a considerable obstacle for the target population (McDonnall, 2019). Although substantial shifts have been made in this area, the majority of people with visual impairments are still unemployed (McDonnall, 2019). Moody et al. (2017) also found a working environment inadequate for the population in question, but ergonomics was regarded as a possible solution. Researchers stressed that further research was necessary to identify the specific needs of this group and ways companies could adjust their environments to meet these needs (McDonnall, 2019; Moody et al., 2017). McDonnall (2019) emphasized that researchers had to assess the effectiveness of the existing programs developed for people with visual impairments. Many organizations adopt or create inclusive projects but do not try to acquire empirical evidence regarding the efficacy of their effort. This approach contributes to the persistence of the problem and a high rate of unemployed persons with visual impairments. Other areas that need additional attention include transportation and stakeholders’ attitudes. Steverson (2020) noted that a substantial bulk of the research was devoted to transportation issues, as well as working environment inadequacy. However, the attitudes of different stakeholders are not properly investigated, which has a negative impact on the employment of people who are visually impaired. The gaps related to these domains undermine the process of the development of programs aimed at removing obstacles for people with visual impairments. Transportation and Space-Related Issues As mentioned above, transportation is one of the major barriers to the employment o
Introduction The issue of bankcards security is critical today. It is a problem on the global level as numerous cyberattacks occur on the regular basis. Developing new security technologies will help to prevent cybercrimes and decrease the level of banking hacker activity in general. This paper presents a summary of the article The Hidden Lab There Bankcards Are Hacked by Paul Marks and my opinion about the significance of this matter on the global level. Main body The article provides a demonstration of the digital security lab in England (Marks, 2015). The key goal of the institution is to prevent hacking activities aimed at bank cards and increase the security of payments and cash withdrawals. The Mastercard DigiSec lab uses various instruments to understand and investigate the crimes by cybercriminals. Such tools as lasers and x-rays are essential helpers while determining the possible ways to commit cybercrime. The main robot, which does the card check-up, is made out of wood and “the pneumatic actuator” (Marks, 2015, para. 4). The fundamental task of the machine is to decide whether the card has been attacked by hackers. It uses the swapping technique to get the settings of the signal frequencies. Moreover, the robot has to be in “an electromagnetic version of an anechoic chamber” as there it gets the possibility to track the hacker’s signal (Marks, 2015, para. 6). The wood base of the robot’s structure helps to decrease the risk of the absorption of the transmitted signal. The machine’s routine is rather simple, and it tries to calculate the possible ways to hack the card. One of the most popular ways for hacking is using devices like SD cards to get inside of the smartphone and access banking information (Marks, 2015). It has to be mentioned that the laboratory is not a secret anymore, as living in the world of increased cybercrimes requires Mastercard’s lab to become public to prevent cyber-attacks. However, to avoid high publicity, the lab is located in a hidden spot (Marks, 2015). Moreover, many authorities are interested in preventing the crimes, as it becomes a problem on the global level (Marks, 2015). According to the article, in the future, the payment will be done via smartphones. For this complication, the possible preventions of the hacker’s attack will be using biometrics as fingerprints for identification procedures. Mastercard already provides the solution for this issue, and it is implementing facial recognition for European cardholders (Marks, 2015). In my opinion, this matter strongly affects the network and global security in general. As the hacker attacks increase, it becomes crucial to keep cybercrimes under control and prevent them. Nowadays the world is intensely dependent on digital facilities (Jeffries, 2014). More and more companies, governmental organizations, and banks have electronic data storage. This fact implies that a significant amount of attention is required to support the security levels. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the article covers the important matter of inter
The research project by Dowden, McCarthy and Chalkiadis entitled “Achieving organizational change in pediatric pain management” was published in the July number of the journal Pain Research and Management in 2008. The question which the researchers were attempting to answer in PICO format can be formulated as follows: In hospitalized children how does overcoming the barriers to pain management compared to traditional attitude affect levels of pain. The peculiarities of the research question and the corresponding domain had impact upon the choice of the research methods, directions and the evaluation of the research findings. Thus, the main characteristics of pediatrics hospital setting and the variety of available procedures, the barriers to relieving the pain of hospitalized children and the misconceptions in medical staff can make the practitioners underestimate the significance of pain in the hospitalized children. The choice of the method of semi-structured individual and group interviews was predetermined with the research question and the difficulties of estimating the main barriers to improving the implemented techniques. The research findings have supported the hypothesis that pain management in children requires application of specific techniques. After defining the main barriers to pain management in pediatric hospital settings, the researchers concluded that the institutional changes are needed for enhancing the effectiveness of pain management in children. Thus, the organizational changes were the solution offered for overcoming the barriers and paying proper attention to pain management at pediatrics hospital settings. The training programs for the medical staff are an integral part of the implementation plan. The research project under consideration provides evidence for demonstrating the importance of improving the pain management strategies in pediatrics settings and offers the organizational changes as the solution for the research problem. Reference List Dowden, S., McCarthy, M. and Chalkiadis, G. (2008). Achieving organizational change in pediatric pain management. Pain Research and Management , 13(4): 321- 326. Turkel, M., Reidinger, G., Ferket, K. & Reno, K. (2005). An essential component of the magnet journey: fostering an environment for evidence-based practice and nursing research. Nursing Administration Quarterly , 29(3), 254-262. “Thinking about Taking the Magnet Status Journey”. Online video clip. American Nurses Credentialing Center. Web.
Introduction Art has always been one of the most powerful tools to reflect the perception of reality and values of the particular chronological period. Each ideology, beliefs, and principles of historical époque usually have a clear reflection on the art and culture of the nation. The art of the Third Reich was not an exception, as it clearly presented Nazi’s ideas of social structure and promoted the viewpoints of this ideology (Trueman par. 1). However, modern experts argue whether Nazi paintings comply with the common definition of art, as the political regime completely forbade the freedom of expression. Disregarding these details, Nazism had a clear reflection on art in the 1933-1945s. Consequently, the primary goal of this paper is to depict the ways the ideology of Nazism affected the art and values of society. At the same time, it is critical to highlight Hitler’s perceptions of art, describe the political instruments to influence this social sphere, and emphasize the reflection of Nazi principles in German paintings. In the end, the conclusions are drawn to summarize the main findings and underline the influence of Nazism on art and culture. Political Ways to Affect Art From the beginning of the establishment of Nazi ideology, the political leaders were concerned about the content of the visual art. When Hitler came to power, the new policies regarding art were introduced. For instance, the Reich Cultural Chamber was founded under Joseph Goebbels, the minister of public enlightenment and propaganda (Thacker 193). This critical aim of this political institution was ‘cleanse’ and protect German culture from external influencers, promote a new ideology, and return to the fundamental German traditions (Thacker 193). In turn, organizing various events such as the Degenerate Art Exhibition in 1937 attempted to disprove the propriety of values and concepts reflected in expressionism, Dadaism, cubism, and impressionism (Kleiner 765). Hitler, the leader of Nazi movement, did not accept the overall idea of self-reflection through drawings and paintings and claimed that “This art is the sick production of crazy people. Pity the people who no longer able to control this sickness” (Trueman par. 1). In this case, this exhibition attempted to illustrate that these art forms tended to offend German culture and encouraged the viewers to change their perceptions of the masterpieces. The organizers of the exhibition used the psychological pressure by presenting the artworks in the small rooms and using labels with offensive language to descr
To date, issues of multiculturalism and racial diversity continue to breed unnecessary conflict in the United States, in large part due to the diverse interests and needs espoused by different ethnic and racial groups (Harvey & Allerd, 2008). As a matter of fact, different races have over time established contact organizations and splinter groups to spearhead and protect their interests, with a section of whites subscribing to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) from as early as the 1900s to safeguard their interests while limiting the influence of the minority, particularly the blacks, Jews, and members of the catholic church (Ku Klux Klan, 2010). The minority black Americans, on their part, rallied behind several lobby groups such as the Black Panther organization, which they felt offered more hope to their cause of fighting discrimination, oppression and slavery. As it shall be demonstrated in this discussion, more still need to be done in the U.S. to level the playing ground for members of America’s middle class minority to be able to enjoy the same status and perks as their white counterparts. The KKK is the name given to a number of past and present hate group entities in the U.S. whose affirmed objective was to safeguard the rights of and enhance the interests of white Americans through the employment of aggression, terrorism, coercion, and lynching to murder and oppress African Americans, Jews and members of other minority groups (Ku Klux Klan, 2010). Although various legislations have been put in place to curb this form of white supremacist aggression, evidence is available to the fact that American class issues are largely influenced by racial connotations, with the whites likely to be seen as supreme to the blacks even in instances where there are no presumed differences of social status or class. The sudden recognition that the above is the case came immediately after the 2008 election of Barrack Obama, the first African American man to lead the U.S. Even though Obama was overwhelmingly elected by whites as well as blacks, concerns about his suitability and capability as the U.S. president continues to elicit sustained debate in popular media forums. Through my own analysis, I have come to discover that these concerns are not triggered by class issues or an evident lack of leadership capabilities; rather they are being triggered by the fact that Obama is a black man and some white men feel extremely uncomfortable by the fact a man of color is in charge of the White House. A number of criticisms directed to Obama often demonstrate the “KKK” reinforced understanding on the part of some whites that a black man is unab
The director of In the Mood for Love uses music throughout the film to set the mood in the film and enhance the musical background that was typical of Hong Kong in the 1960s. Additionally, the music enhances the feelings of Tony Leung and Maggie Cheung. The choice of music is also appropriate for various scenes within the film as it coincides with the prevailing themes within those periods in the movie (Wong, 2000). Leung and Cheung initially begin their friendship as two victims of cheating spouses. Later they discover that their spouses are cheating with each other. They gradually develop a passion for each other but cannot consummate their relationship because that would make them no different from their spouses who cheat with each other (Wong, 2000). The lyrics of the song that plays in the music during these scenes foreshadow as much. It gives a message about green eyes that he will never kiss and the unknown sadness. In addition, the melody of the songs in the various scenes of the film is significant and crucial in relaying the theme in the film. Whenever the two lovers are together in the restaurant, a song with a melancholic melody is played (Wong, 2000). The song points to the futility of the love that the two characters harbor for each other. The resonance hints at an inevitable sad ending to their affair and their romance. The song seems to caution the audience against getting any fairytale ending ideas to the relationship of the two where they live happily ever after (Wong, 2000). The melody emphasizes morality that is often sad and discomforting to follow. It echoes the necessity of higher ideals such as discipline, respect for self and others, and resistance to the temptation to revenge. Reference Wong, K.-W. (Director). (2000). In the Mood for Love [Video f
Role of the Doha Film Institute (DFI) and the Ajyal Youth Film Festival (AYFF) in facilitating youth media and self-expression The DFI uses its graduates and other industry professionals that are already working on film and new media forms of expression as its faculty. As a result, the institute has a rich talent pool that is adequate in providing direction and mentorship to the youth joining it. The DFI is able to deliver an excellent curriculum to the youth by working closely with journalism schools and employing journalists with exceptional qualifications achieved around the world. Consequently, its productions, forms of expressions, and overall quality of thoughtful expressions of the youth, such as those showcased at Ajyal Youth Film Festival, meet world standards in audience engagement and communication. In addition, they meet the need to raise interest about Qatar, its opportunities, and the plight of young people, as it reaches to young people and other citizens of the world. The DFI organizes the Ajyal Film Festival to present the film products of its most talented young actors and producers to the government and the business community, as well as the rest of the world (Ajyal Youth Film Festival par. 3-4). Support for the DFI and the AYFF come from several quarters that, apart from bankrolling its operations, also increase the relevancy and sustainability of the institute and the festival program. Supporters include government entities, multinational and regional entities, and educational organizations (Gulf Times par. 1-2). The response by the business community and stakeholders is a testament of the good work that the DFI is doing to meet its mandate and the room for growth, as expressed by the stakeholders. The value of solidarity nurtured by the AYFF adds to the reputation of Doha as a cultural hub. Moreover, the youth will have many opportunities for career growth upon this realization. The DFI also relies on public-private partnerships to be able to create and run programs that require and must work with government entities, but at the same time thrive under the assistance and supervision of the private sector. The AYFF gains world-renowned prestige and meets its community outreach goals using the support of private organizations and brand sponsors (Gulf Times par. 3). With the AYFF, young people are
Introduction Intelligence is defined as the process of gathering data that convenes the stated and understood needs of the policy makers in government. Research shows that intelligence is a special form of data collected carefully, analyzed using the best techniques, and applied based on the scenario. This challenges the idea that all forms of data are considered intelligence while at the same time supporting the claim that all intelligence is information. Based on this, intelligence is well-timed and actionable information that plays a critical role in policy making among government officials whether in the military or the police, as the main aim is always to preserve the national security, which is the major interest of any government. In the field of intelligence, an expert always relies on competencies, proficiency, and talent. To be successful in interpreting the collected data, analysis is critical whereby transformation of information into something sensible is mandatory. Through analysis, the expert is capable of synthesizing information effectively and this needs the breaking down of large chunks of data into manageable units including close assessment of related items to establish whether such data authenticate, complement, or challenge the problem under investigation. In the information age, policy makers are faced with the massive challenge of verifying information meaning that a proper analysis is crucial as regards to drawing of sensible conclusions that would help in resolving a security issue in the country 1 . Intelligence officers should offer expert analysis to the security question since they are not simply another source of information, but instead they are depended upon in providing available options in handling the security menace in the country. Currently, the intelligence status of the country is unstable because of ineffective training and unpreparedness to adopt programs that could perhaps help in designing the working policies. The office of the Director of National Intelligence has to design the best training, certification, standards, and reporting processes to enhance the country’s intelligence, which is known to strengthen the security of the country. It is noted further that ODNI is least prepared to handle the problems facing the country as regards to intelligence collection and subsequent utilization. The paper therefore looks at the leadership and training challenges facing the agency and offers some of the ways through which the situation could be improved. After the 9/11 attack, the office of the Director of Intelligence was set up and it was given specific objectives to accomplish in 2004, one of them being
Outline Studying human behavior can be complex and various theories have been used for this purpose. Some approaches to the study of human behavior have taken a broad perspective while others have heavily relied on the nature of the human being to achieve results. Social constructionist and biological approaches are some of the theories used in such study each giving different results due to the different areas of emphasis in such study. But whatever the approach, the nature of man cannot totally be ignored because it is from this standpoint that every approach must begin its study. Introduction Human behavior or human nature can be described as that collection of character traits or behaviors that are exhibited by human beings. Such behavior is influenced by several factors both internal and external for example, genetic factors, emotions, authority, values and culture among others. The study of human behavior has been carried out through various academic disciplines, one of them being psychology. Social constructionist and biological approaches are some of the theoretical perspectives that have been used in the psychological study of human behavior. Social constructionist approach Vs biological approach Social construction is a field of psychology that has diverse dimensions as well as purposes. Apart from offering an alternative viewpoint on understanding human behavior and his actions in relation to the surrounding environment, the social constructionist approach critically analyses the existing psychological theories and practices (Gillon:151-152). The biological approach on the other hand is a branch of psychology that attempts to derive an understanding of human behavior through the explicit study of physiology and anatomy especially concentrating on the human brain. Through this approach, there is an assumption that body and mind are interrelated and that personality disorders and traits can therefore be influenced by both nurture and nature (Harris, Ball, Riegel & Taubenblat:9). According to this approach, human behavior is highly determined by several physiological and biological agents such as neuron-transmitters and hormones among others. The nervous system (brains) and genes are the most important agents in understanding the person through this approach (Sharpsteen: 14, 725). Through the social constructionist approach, a person stops being an individual or single and fixed self and instead views the person as possessing some elasticity that enables the individual to adopt different patterns and shapes related to surrounding relationships and circumstances that he or she is involved in. With time, different contextual versions of identity become sedimented within a person to produce a sense of self that becomes consistent with the person. Social construction, therefore, discourages the psychological approach of assessing an individual as a totally separate identity and emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships in understanding human behavior (Gillon: 153-155). The biological approach on the other hand strongly holds to the view that nothing psychological can take place unless there