ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is universally accepted that water is life. Unfortunately, in so many regions in the world, access to clean water and even to any sort of water is a great problem for the local population. Such tendency is especially significant in developing countries. As a result, people must suffer from numerous problems connected to the absence of clean water. In the following paper, the issue of how the basic right of access to clean water can change the lives of people in developing countries throughout the world will be examined. Overall, it appears that clean water is necessary for good health and thus for any positive changes in people’s lives in developing countries. First of all, speaking about the way clean water changes people’s lives, it should be stated that clean water is one of the most important things on the Earth for supporting people’s lives. Unless a human being drinks water, one will die in about a month or even earlier. In case there is still some kind of water available but the one of bad quality, people suffer from numerous diseases including bacterial infecting or being poisoned by any types of chemical wastes if they are contained in the local water. Thus, the absence of clean water is the absence of good health. However, without good health, any discussions about improving people’s lives are not to be even initiated. It is well-known that health is the basis for economic development, scientific progress and any other positive achievements by people which are badly needed for improving living conditions in developing countries. Further, to examine the dependence between having the access to clean water and life’s improvement for people in developing countries, a few examples will be addressed. The first one is from Africa which is considered to be the most afflicted region in the world when it is referred to the issue of having the access to clean water and to any water at all. Louisa Maria, a single mother from Mozambique, has seven children. Besides the severe poverty problem that her big family is to face from day to day, another issue is even more burning; that is to find clean water. As a result, all of her children suffer from diarrhoea. Louisa Maria shares her grief, If you’re lucky you survive but if you’re not, you die. My son Joao suffers badly from diarrhoea. The last time he was affected, we had no money to go to the hospital so we used the traditional medicines for two weeks until he felt better (Bardon 2011, p. 32). The other case which is very similar is from the country of Cambodia in Asia. Kmae and his wife have eight children. Apart from severe poverty, their biggest problem is in finding any water for cooking their meals not even mentioning clean water (The United Nations World Water Development Report 2003, p. 52). The man has to walk around 4 kilometres each day in order to bring some water from a local pond for his family; however, this water is infected by the most varied bacteria causing severe health conditi
Introduction Macpac is a company that specialized in high-performance outdoor gear. Unique brand image and designs proposed to end consumers become the main factors of the company’s success. Creativity becomes the responsibility of R&D, which is staffed by specialists in visualizing and realizing marginal or major product changes. These projections predict customer and competitor reactions; attempt to gauge acceptance for new products; and highlight economic, social, demographic, technological, psychological, and political changes, all of which are difficult tasks to perform -nor can they be performed with the degree of precision available in other more concrete situations (Bearden et al 2004). Yet, information that provides a perspective for future operations is invaluable for corporate decision-making. New Strategy Mission statement – the aim of the new strategy is to attract more customers and improve internal company operations, culture and product quality. Aims – Cost leadership flows from becoming the lowest cost competitor while differentiation entails creating real and/or perceived differences from other available offerings. Macpac should follow a focus strategy and direct their products/services toward a narrow range of market segments, presumably reaping the benefits of market specialization (Marketing and Business Planning 2009). Proposed Actions People – for Macpac, it is important to hire professionals in design and outdoor services with experience in this market. An extended design team could be formed in which individuals belonging to marketing research, vendor management, legal affairs, and so on are made part of a group such as a Product Council, whose role it is to generate ideas for product improvement and bring them to fruition. The team could also be informally constituted where the channels for networking are indicated but no further attempt is made to structure the team’s membership or responsibilities (Holder, 1996). Customers – the essence of value unquestionably lies in providing products or services that fulfill customer needs. The long term success of a firm in the marketplace is predicated upon its ability to react to, anticipate, and even create needs.. Given the diversity of external demands (competitors’ actions, governmental regulations, and technological advances, in addition to pressing customer requirements) depending upon a single group, such as the self-contained R&D, could prove to be inadequate and dangerously myopic (Boone and Kurtz 2002). Improved Design and quality – making quality and time-related performance an integral part of operations not only imbues the latter with a (hitherto absent) external vision, it also provides an effective way to
What is plagiarism Plagiarism involves the use of someone else’s passages, ideas, or even creative work without citations i.e. when students fail to acknowledge their sources. When we refer to other people’s work we should acknowledge that we have borrowed ideas from other people to give them credit. Any writing that has borrowed ideas from other sources and is not acknowledged is plagiarized. How to recognize plagiarism One can recognize plagiarism if for instance a writer has only paraphrased a few words in the original passage or has simply re-ordered the words in the original sentence without acknowledging his/her source. For example, the passage written by the student has been plagiarized. This is because the student has only left out some words from the original passage and has used the same words that were in the source. The two sentences with clear evidence of plagiarism are: “… the information can nevertheless be warped-by ending a study because the results are disappointing; changing rules mid-study, not trying to publish negative results; publicizing preliminary results even with and less positive results in hand; skimming over or even not acknowledging drawbacks; and, especially, casting the results in the light or, as scientists say, buffing them.” This sentence has been plagiarized because the student has only paraphrased a few words and re-ordered others. The same case applies to this sentence, “Although biomedical research incorporates rigorous scientific rules and is often critically scrutinized by peers, the information…” The student has only paraphrased a few words from the original sentence. How to avoid plagiarism Throughout school, we get information from other people and always use it when making notes or use this information to do our assignments. How then can we avoid plagiarism?  1. We should always use quotation marks when we are writing directly from a book/text. This shows that we have acknowledged that we have borrowed those particular sentences from someone else i.e. we have used the information word for word.  2. Always paraphrase but do not just re-order the words or change just a few words from the original documents. We should always use our own words.  3. Always counter-check the paraphrases to make sure that they are not the same as the original text and to ensure that the information is correct.  4. Acknowledge the source of your information by indicating where you got your information from.
IKEA’s future strategy to grow globally The IKEAs future strategy is primarily to empower workers in spirit and remuneration. They have to increase the workforce in their company by a great percentage to ensure customers’ satisfaction all throughout their national and multinational companies worldwide. This includes treating each client and workers alike and as equal partners. One of the ways includes reducing hierarchy in the organization so that service delivery is fast, easy, and friendly. It also plans to open 20 to 25 stores a year until the end of the decade, rising to 500 in 2020 from 338 today. The home-based corporate culture developed by IKEA In order to develop this culture, IKEA has always focussed on the spirit of openness and freedom for every worker in the company. They are quick to admit when they are wrong, and work towards strategies that will enable them resolve any issue arising in their company. IKEA also recruits through values and not credentials, and organize capacity enhancement workshops for their employees. This is in order to maintain the spirit and culture at all levels of employment, through sharing values, strengths, weaknesses and opportunities in their global markets. IKEA’s global product strategy One of the IKEAs global strategies is to impose similar store design and product offering all over the world where they have opened stores. This includes price reduction, gives ways whenever a customer purchases a product, and also having the same corporate identity. Another global product strategy has been understanding the culture of each country and making products to suit that culture. Their products are always tailored on customer values and spirit, and this enables them to meet each needs through understanding their customers. IKEA’s response to the problems faced in some countries Most of the problems IKEA has been facing are in the management area. Some of the problems have not being able to customize a product to fit the cultural needs of certain countries. For example, they would produce a kitchen too small not to fit a Thanksgiving turkey, or a glass too small for wine as put by Richard Milne. However, IKEA responded swiftly by first apologizing to the communities and then went ahead to change the products so that they can suit local tastes. IKEA’s success and appraisals at the beginning of every year If IKEA is to be successful, then the head of marketing has to make sure it appraises its customers and staff at the beginning of each year. This will include analyzing customers’ needs and making sure they meet those needs in the planning of each year. The marketing department should make sure that the culture of togetherness is upheld all the time. They should continue doing capacity enhancement for their staff each year to realize their weaknesses and strengths and improve on it in the New Year. This will ensure the maintenance of core valu
There are various shortcomings of the modern healthcare system, and some of them are connected with lies, the lack of ethical values, and finances. Prescription fraud includes misrepresenting oneself to a pharmacist or doctor or being dishonest when obtaining controlled substances from them, physicians prescribing drugs without a legitimate purpose, and doctor shopping. Researchers note that “U.S. nonmedical use of prescription painkillers results in more than $72.5 billion annually in direct healthcare costs” (Acuna, 2014, p. 56). The purpose of this paper is to discuss how negligence and breach of duty apply to prescription drug fraud. In other words, the questions of what ethical values are lacking in caregivers that commit prescription drug fraud and what healthcare providers can do to avoid the temptation to cheat will be discussed. Moreover, healthcare leaders’ ways to restore and build trust with consumers after the fraud is detected will be provided. The Lack of Ethical Values Various people involved in prescription drug fraud schemes may be identified as fraudsters. They are medical employees, pharmacy staff, prescribers, and patients and their family members (Acuna, 2014). One of the reasons why caregivers let themselves commit prescription drug fraud is the lack of specific ethical values. There are several core moral values: caring, fairness, responsibility, respect, and trustworthiness. However, those caregivers and medical workers who are involved in prescription drug fraud lack all of them. First, they do not care if they harm the persons they are supplying with drugs, and they do not care about doing their best to help them. Second, they are not fair as they may lie to the family members and other medical workers (DuBois et al., 2018). Third, it is hard to disagree that they are irresponsible and untrustworthy – no one would want to rely on a caregiver who breaks the law. Finally, such people are also disrespectful because they do not respect the rules, the lives and health of their patients, and the family’s trust. Avoiding the Temptation to Cheat Almost all people sometimes find it challenging to resist temptation, especially when it comes to easy money. Thus, there are some prompts on how a medical worker can avoid the idea of cheating and become involved in prescription drug fraud schemes. The main reason for not becoming a fraudster is remembering that it is illegal, and getting caught is not one of the nicest things (Acuna, 2014). It is much better to work harder and get money in the right way than going to jail or paying a significant fine and regretting it. Then, it is hard to disagree that it takes just one mistake to lose the reputation and the whole life to gain it back (DuBois et al., 2018). If a healthcare provider does not want to be known as a criminal, he or she will reconsider getting involved in such schemes. Finally, medical workers’ duty is to help people, but prescription drug fraud is the way to harm them. Restoring and Building Trust with Consumers If the fraud is detected, it is not ea
Introduction In the recent past, there have been increased cases of security threat to the US government and her citizens. The threats present a big challenge to the nation as well as to the intelligence community. Terrorism and proliferation has been at the top of threat lists because of the reduced danger of nuclear war. This occurred as a result of the normalization of the relationship with the Chinese government and demise of the Soviet Union. The fall of the cold war resulted in other changes in the aspect of international life. This includes the re emergence of long repressed political aspirations and hatred that stems from ethnic and religious background. Terrorism and guerilla war has remained an option for countries that feel they cannot defeat the US military hence opt to unleash terror against the US citizens. To combat terrorism and proliferation, there is need to provide the intelligence with substantial effort and resources to fight against the issue. The Right of the President to withhold Information from the Congress The president of the US has to be at the forefront to protect the citizens of his country against the increased cases of terrorism. The president has to use all the available resources in the country to at his disposal to protect the citizens. That is why after the president signed the reauthorization of the Patriot Act in March 2006, he included an addendum that did not oblige him to inform the congress. The act required the president to inform the congress how the FBI was using the Act’s expanded the powers of the police. Some of the provisions in the act required that the FBI does not use the terrorism bill to abuse its powers, for instance by searching homes of suspects’ without permission and seizing of the papers secretly. The administration was to provide the information to the congress on how the FBI used the powers. President Bush signed the document but said that he was not bound to inform the congress of the FBI powers especially if he felt that some information might for instance impair foreign relations or national security. The president also had allowed the military to conduct the electronic surveillance on all the international phone calls of the American people as well their emails without warrant. This also to the president is allowed by law to bypass if he feels he is under wartime powers. Furthermore, the congress passed the law to forbid torturing of detainees under the American custody. But the again the president can bypass the law if he feels that harsh interrogation worked in favor of national security. Therefore, looking at all this points that the president has had to bypass the laws, it amounts to the security of the nation. The prevention of terrorism requires proactive approach that will enable the policy makers as well as law enforcers to preempt the terror plots and take measures that will warn all the sectors that might be affected by the terror strike. Despite the fact that the president has the powers under the constitution, the congress should keep the powers of the president under checks to ensure he doesn’t misuse it. The issues conce
How have the characteristics of digital media supported eBay’s growth? Digital media has been behind the success of e-bay and this is based on various characteristics. Crucial innovations have made it easy for buyers and sellers to interact without any problem. The model that was developed by the company gave people a low cost opportunity to do whatever they liked on the internet. An online person to person interaction in relation to trading has been a major characteristic of digital media that has made the growth of eBay easy. Through digital media and the internet, users can browse through a number of goods and commodities thereby enhancing eBay’s growth (Cohen, 2002, p. 12). Through the company’s web interface, buyers can easily move around the site without any problem. This is mostly done after a few minutes of registering as far as sales are concerned. eBay continues to grow because the internet has brought together different buyers and sellers which is a major characteristic of digital media. An online auction has not existed before and this is a major development that revolves around digital media. Through digital media, various activities have been easy to transact and this has been behind the growth of eBay. Computing power is a good characteristic of digital media that has made it possible for the company to grow without any problem. It should be known that through digital media, the company has developed a transaction processing system that has been behind its growth. As a matter of fact, the system can handle any type of process and this is as far as transactions and interactions between buyers and sellers are concerned (Nissanoff, 2006, p.46). Information infrastructure that can be enhanced through digital media has also helped the company to progress in a broad way. The internet economy and the company’s business design have fused well to give it the leverage that it needs in the marketplace thereby guaranteeing success. How have strategic decisions supported growth? eBay embarked on building a free market and this can be said to be a major strategic decision that has helped the company in a broad way. Users have been encouraged to interact in relation to what they want to sell and this has therefore enhanced growth. Users are in charge of the site and this is a strategic decision that has helped the company to grow. By being educated, users have found it easy to use the site thereby encouraging others. In the process, eBay has grown tremendously because people do not have any problem as far as using the site is concerned (Nissanoff, 2006, p. 24). The decision to allow the company to own a banking system has been a major strategy that has worked in its favor. All along, the company
Introduction Financial statements are key instruments for the right decision-making of businesses. They aid in the computation of key ratios that help in critically analyzing and forecasting a business’ future (Allee & Yohn 2009). Financial management ability is a key component for the success of every venture and is based on the ability to prepare and use the information contained in the financial statements (Ormiston & Fraser 2013). JWS, a supplies retail firm dealing with equipment and supplies in the construction industry has financial management shortcomings. This report analyzes the financial statement of JWS to address key shortcomings and provide a financial-based approach to the shortcomings through a review of the literature. The report uses trend analysis to analyze the company’s performance between 2013 and 2015. Debt Reduction Plan A business that deals with numerous clients hardly operates without debts. It is paramount for the management to manage the extent of debts to avoid jeopardizing the business’ cash flow. Two main approaches can be used to ensure that debts do go overboard, which are reducing expenses or increasing the income to meet the increasing expenses (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel 2005). Asset sales can be used to settle overdue debts. The figure below shows the trend of debts between the 2013 and 2015 financial years. Sale of Fixed Assets Fixed assets help in running the business though some may be obsolete. The redundant assets of no economic value are better disposed of. Selling such assets is important in helping a firm to settle its debts. The company’s debts increased from £11,868,000 in 2013 to £115,207,000 in 2015 which was a 9.71% increase. A large proportion of this debt is a bank overdraft that ought to have been paid within a short time. Selling part of the store (20%) can be used to generate money to finance the company’s operations to avoid further borrowing. The £7,994,000 raised from the sale of fixed assets should be used to pay debts. The payment of creditors and loans will reduce the interest payable. Reduction in Stock and Improving Stock A company’s stock ties to its operating capital. However, the degree of tying depends on the rate of stock turnover. Slow-moving stock is disadvantageous to firms with less capital (McLaney & Atrill 2005) as it challenges the mainte
The phenomenon of human memory includes various factors to be considered and can be observed from many different angles. This paper focuses mainly on such aspects of it as flashbulb memories that seem to be a remarkably engaging and well-researched issue. The phenomenon of flashbulb memories is closely linked to other types of memory and represents a mixture of feelings and emotions depending on particular shocking news (Luminet & Curci, (2017), p. 18). That is why it is considered interesting to make some assumptions based on scientific data and to analyze a personal example. Firstly, it seems significant to define the notions of memory and flashbulb memories in particular. According to Feldman (2019), memory can be comprehended as “the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information” (p. 202). In other words, human memory is a mixture of processes that happen to the information which people consumed at some point in their past and consume during their life. As for flashbulb memories (or FBMs), they are special memories that a person has according to the moment in that they found out about shocking and consequential news or event (Mushtaq & Riaz, (2019), p. 773). Such type of memories is often compared with a snapshot – one recalls a surprisingly detailed description of what happened to them and what surrounded them in a particular moment when they heard or read some news. Although flashbulb memories represent many details about a particular time, studies show that these details tend to be rather inaccurate, especially if news or event was emotional. What is more, despite being exceptional for people’s brain, such type of memories was proved to be declining with the same speed as commonplace memories (Hirst & Phelps, (2016), p. 37). In addition, people tend to confuse flashbulb memories with time, so that a person cannot tell precisely the difference between the first and the second times they heard the news. Therefore, it can be accepted that such