ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Reasons for interest This article discusses key issues and challenges that current managers have to encounter in their daily undertakings. In this case, it talks about conflict resolution and labor issues that are supposed to be sorted out for a company to continue executing its operations. The CEO of Qantas Airways Ltd is faced with a labor dispute that has grounded the company’s planes thereby being forced to cancel some flights (Permatasari 1). Labor strikes are a management issue that different managers might be exposed to as time goes by. Therefore, labor is an important factor of production that has an impact on productivity. This article is very important because it gives managers an insight on what they are supposed to do when they are faced with a strike or labor conflict. A manager should find better ways of dealing with such issues because they ultimately affect performance which can affect the attainment of a given organizations goals. Synopsis Key issues Worker productivity, how business managers should deal with labor issues, conflict resolution, the ability of the external environment to affect management issues in a given organization and decision making when faced complex management issues. Summary of the article Labor disputes can be described as strike actions that are undertaken by different trade unions in pursuit of their members’ interests who happen to be employees of various organizations. Employees provide a very important factor of production that is necessary for any organization to continue pursuing its goals. Managers should be able to hire the best employees who will enable the organization to move forward but this is subject to various terms and conditions that culminate into an agreement. Labor disputes are bound to happen every now and then because of different interests that change in relation to the prevailing conditions in the market. Strikes can be able to obstruct normal operations of a given organization and such an issue requires a good approach to strategic management for long term sustainability. Good managers should be able to manage such an issue because it will ultimately halt operations as it is the case with Qantas Airways Ltd. Disruptions normally affect clients and this can later on be effected on the company’s stocks (Permatasari 11). In such cases, managers should be able to come up with good emergency mitigation measures that might not hurt the organization. As much as it can be said that labor conflicts are bound to arise in any business environment, what matters is the ability of managers to navigate in such a scenario through the use of good management skills. Key lessons The main agenda of this article is to show that there are labor conflicts that affect an organizations operation which therefore remains as a puzzle to managers. There should be strategies in case there is a labor conflict because it ultimately affects productivity. Managers should be articulate enough to engage everybody because such challenges are very costly to any organization. Decision making i
Introduction The last great recession which began in 2007 and continued through 2009 was precipitated by limited cash circulation in the United States financial and money lending institutions. In particular, the mainstream banking institutions experienced increased lending and borrowing due to sharp liquidity decline. Many large financial institutions such as Banks and insurance companies collapsed in the west during the crisis. In America where the financial crisis is believed to have its roots, it took the national government “bail out” running into billions of dollars in a recovery package plan aimed at correcting the problem when the crisis impact tolls peaked in 2008. The recession was further marked by a major downturn in world major stock markets since the great depression of 1930s. Dow Jones Industrial Averages, NASDAQ, NYSE and other stocks progressively registered reduction in numbers because bear dominated market at the time. In the west and particularly in U.S.A., the housing market also experienced significant shocks resulting in premature closures and prolonged vacancies in most built up areas. As a matter of fact, the financial crisis impacted on many people’s livelihoods in the West. In the west where the recession was concentrated, it resulted into slow turnover in business as it brought with it market failure. As people rushed to employ corrective measures, at individual level, the crisis continued to force mare people into unexpected decline in wealth. Consumers adopted more stringent measures by consolidating their wealth while trimming down further purchases in the short run. Through the recovery plan the federal government undertook an extra commitment to restore the economy of the nation by embarking on stimulus programmes meant to bring back key industries in productive sector which were already run down by the financial crisis. For example, the decline in costs of housing in America which hit ceiling in 2006 in the United States led to the significant fall of values of securities associated with real estate valuation soon after. The financial crisis was evident by insolvents banks at the chagrin of the Federal Reserve in Wall Street in the period 2008-2009. Soon after the ripples spread to the global market in Europe while the East markets remained relatively stable. Investor confidence in the western economic core ( the United States) was significantly shaken as critics argued that stock brokerage firms failed to estimate the risks involved in mortgage tied financial products and that there was little adjustments to regulatory practices with regards to prevailing trends (Gitlin 2003, 258). The lateness in response by international governments and money lending institutions to the meltdown forms the core of discussions in this essay. It might have seemed rather unlikely that the western economic cores would never be trapped in an economic recession like
Introduction Revenue management is an important element in the prediction of consumer behaviour and optimisation of product availability in the market. The concept is also used in setting prices for products through the application of analytics. The objective of revenue administration is to maximise the growth of income generated by a firm (Phillips 2011). Another goal involves determining the right time to sell a particular product, the target market, and the ideal price. Through revenue management, organisations can determine the right package to sell to the consumers alongside the product (Legoherel, Poutier & Fyall 2013). For this reason, it is said that this concept involves segmented pricing. Analysts in this field focus their attention on two main factors. The two are revenue growth and consumer behaviour. To predict the behavioural patterns of customers, the availability of the product in the market is optimised with a hope of maximising on revenues. Tourism is a multibillion industry in the world. A number of organisations offer a combination of tour related services. Just like any other robust sector of the global economy, the tourism industry is characterised by stiff competition among the players (The Emirates Group 2013). As a result, businesses operating in this segment must make smart choices to maintain or improve on their market share (The Emirates Group 2013). In the tourism industry, yield is the term used to refer to the actual revenue generated by an airliner or a hotel. The term is used in comparison to the income that would have been achieved in the event that the capacity of the operator was optimally utilised at the same published price (Shaw 2011). In this paper, the author is going to conduct an up-to-date literature review on revenue management in the tourism industry. In the essay, the author will identify the various challenges faced by marketers in this sector today. The impacts of these problems in hospitality and tourism marketing will be reviewed. To achieve this objective, a number of academic journal articles will be used. Revenue Management in the Tourism Industry To understand the concept of revenue management, it is important for organisations in the tourism industry to familiarise themselves with the notion of yield administration. Through improved yields, organisations can effectively grow their revenue (Harewood 2008). In light of this, yield management becomes an important tool for marketers since they can use it to strike a ba
Mitchell gave rise to numerous disputes concerning fair and reasonableness of the exemptions clauses, which failed to take the buyers’ rights into consideration. Hence, the Trial held in the Court of Appeals discussed the case in reliance on the common and statutory law. During the trial, there were numerous arguments against and in favor of the appellants under different law positions. More importantly, the accusations imposed on the sellers had proved to be void according to the common law but not according to the Supply of Goods Act 1973 and Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. According to Lord Bridge, Finney Lock Seeds Ltd supplied 30 lb of cabbage seeds to Mitchell company. The sort of the plant had been discussed earlier and proved in the invoice. However, the seeds turned out to be defective due two reasons: seeds were not of the sort stipulated in the invoice and they were of a very low quality. To solve this issue, Lord Bridge narrowed the matter to three questions. In this first sentence, he discredited the relevancy of the circumstances under which the exemption clause turned out to be unreasonable. The second issue under consideration was whether the liabilities should have been imposed on this case. Finally, he also stated that the seeds trade had not been mentioned in ether statutory law or common. There is an outright contradiction between the common law and statutory as far as the exclusion clauses are concerned. Hence, the Court of Appeal agreed on the fact that the exemption clause covering the breach had occurred as the result of inappropriate construction. In similar cases, the courts argued the necessity to decide whether the issue of construction extended the exemption clauses to limit the liability at issues. However, in case it did, it was impossible to reject or overreach the clause under the common law instead treating it as inapplicable to ‘fundamental’ breach. Once again, when referring to the statutory law, the buyers were left no chances for reimbursement as the breach was completely covered by the exemption clause. However, Mitchell case proves that sometimes the breach is possible to cover by the contract terms “provided the wording of the exemption clause was clear unambiguous”, as it was also mentioned by Lord Diplock. Then, to avoid additional contradictions emerged due to the presence of the clause of the Sale of Goods Acts 1979, it is obligatory to resort to the Unfair Contract Terms Act o1979, as this was the first statute disclosing the definition of fairness and reasonableness. Hence, in reliance on this definition, it is possible to reference when regarding the reasonableness of the exclusion clauses. Finally, UCTA 1977 comprises statutory provisions that influence the enforceability of specific contract terms. Finally, Mitchell case argues the necessity to examine the circumstances under which it is possible to restrict the sellers’ liability, as stipulated in schedule 2 of UCTA 1977 and section 55 of SAGA 1979. The contradiction appeared between the parties concerned turned out to be complicated due to the trial procedures held in different courts. Therefore, “whil
The U.S. federal government has put in place various welfare programs to cater for the needs of certain vulnerable groups within the society. There are distinctive qualities that define an individual’s eligibility to a welfare program. These programs target different groups of people in society. This paper explores the available U.S. welfare programs in respect to their beneficiaries. First, social security programs majorly provide benefits for military veterans. Military veterans constitute almost a quarter of the social security programs beneficiaries; 9.4 million military veterans received survivors, disability, or old age benefits from the Social Security program (Olsen, 2005/2006, p. 3). This population has exceeded its prime age and does not have the strength to support itself adequately. It is pertinent to note how policymakers determine income credit for beneficiaries of the Social Security programs. In this light, the veteran population predominantly influences the economic well-being of the beneficiaries of the Social Security. Importantly, the characteristic of the military veteran recipients of the Social Security benefits differs from the overall beneficiaries of the Social Security (Olsen, 2005/2006, p. 3). Most of the veteran beneficiaries are males relative to the overall beneficiaries. Other striking differences project the military veterans from other beneficiaries include marital status, and level of education among others. The Social Security program benefits the eligible population through offering financial support. Since 1957, the Social Secu
This essay examines a speech by Tristram Stuart about the global food waste scandal, delivered at TEDsalon on May 2012. Tristram is an activist fighting food wastage in the developed world. He works with many nongovernmental organizations, governments and private organizations to tackle food wastage, hunger, and environmental pollution. He addressed a Ted talk show audience, with the objective of tackling the global food wastage problem. The speech sensitized the audience on the dangers of food overproduction and cosmetic food standards. In the speech, Tristram proves how western government’s policies and food standards have contributed to food overproduction. They directly lead to food wastage. In the process, valuable resources are lost and environmental degradation occurs through deforestation and carbon dioxide emission. He shows how factories, supermarkets, and people waste food without consideration. His speech is effective, because it connects with the audience and gives them practical ways of avoiding food wastage. Excess food should instead, be used to feed hungry people all over the world. Tristram makes powerful opening remarks that effectively capture the audience’s attention. His statements spark curiosity and he smoothly introduces his topic. He relates to the audience using real life examples that resonate with the audience. The examples connect him with the audience and people in different parts of the world. Throughout the speech, Tristram uses strongly worded statements complemented by photographs and scientific data. The photographs make his points real and believable. They have a big impact in the audience and help move his speech in the right direction. They also help him deliver his main points easily. He effectively uses demonstration aids to explain complicated ideas. They create interest and hold the audience’s attention. Demonstration aids helps the audience understand the complicated information easily. By using real life stories and humor, Tristram personalizes his speech. The humor makes the audience laugh. From the start of the speech to the end, Tristram does not use a script. Using direct eye contact, he easily connects with the audience. This makes his speech have the necessary impact. It also suggests that he had rehearsed his lines several times, and understands his topic perfectly. Despite his use of gestures throughout the speech, his body language is poor and he appears tensed. He should relax, and add more energy and enthusiasm during his speech to make it lively. He effectively uses vocal variety to signal the important points. Emphasis, pauses, and pace signal important points. They show enthusiasm and increase un
Abstract Bipolar disorder is a medical condition that affects an estimated two million people in the US. It affects both women and men in equal measure. The disorder is associated with many causes some of which are genetic while others result from other factors. However, the exact cause of the disorder has not yet been established. In its initial stages, the condition has signs and symptoms that are easily identified. It is advisable for individuals to seek medical attention before the mild stages of the disease develop into full-blown bipolar disorder. There are various medications that have been approved as viable treatments for the condition. Introduction Bipolar disorder is defined as a mood disorder where individuals suffering from the disorder show alternate moments of mania and depression. The manic moments are characterized by moods that are better than normal ones. The moods are mild but they may sometimes be extreme to the extent that they interfere with normal life. It may take hours, weeks or months for the manic moments to disappear after which depression returns (Definition of Bipolar disorder 5). Bipolar disorder is also referred to as manic-depressive disorder. When individuals experience depression, they have feelings of sadness and hopelessness followed by loss of interest in activities they derive pleasure from. The mood shift to the other direction is characterized by feelings of euphoria and a lot of energy. In some rare instances, symptoms of both mania and depression manifest themselves simultaneously in individuals who suffer from bipolar disorder. Despite the fact that the disorder causes disruption and often takes long to recover from, individuals can maintain their moods by adhering to certain treatment procedures. Mostly, the disorder is controlled through psychotherapy or psychological counseling and taking prescribed medicines (Treatment for Bipolar Disorder 6). The cause of bipolar disorder has not been completely established, but it is a common problem in families. Depressive or manic disorders may be manifest for the first time at teenage or early adulthood. The symptoms are usually subtle and confounding. Individuals who suffer from the disorder are usually ignored or misdiagnosed hence compelling them to undergo unjustified suffering. On the other hand, those who receive the right treatment and assistance lead normal and fulfilling lives. Types of Bipolar Disorders There are different subtypes of bipolar disorders with each disorder exhibiting its unique pattern of initial symptoms. The different subtypes include the following. Bipolar I Disorder The mood fluctuations associated with this type of bipolar disorder lead to significant hardships when performing normal jobs or interference with relationships. The manic periods of this subtype can be extreme to
Introduction Multicultural education manifests antiracist and anti-discrimination. The two elements can be demeaning and destructive to all people in the society. An inclusive education curriculum is fit for the prosperity of education and betterment of the society. Education should be used as a measure of enhancing cultural transformation and fostering multicultural and an all-inclusive system. It is evident that there is a reciprocal relationship between education and culture and they both influence each other. Education can only be improved if all its ills and shortcomings are analyzed in the context of the larger society. In a country like the USA, the impetus of adopting multicultural education was driven by the history of civil rights. This was actualized through two main legislations: the No Child Left behind (NCLB), which sought to equalize achievement and the legislation on the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education, which set down the standards on how teacher education programs nurture future teachers. The need for multicultural education was due to the fact that the existent school segregation posed a lot of challenges in efforts to enhance teaching and dialogue across diverse cultures. Three articles will be reviewed based on their multicultural approach to education. This review will be analyzed based three overriding themes, these are: Beyond Today which is an urban after school program, multicultural education in the USA context and multicultural education based on the Reconstructionism philosophy. Discussion “Multicultural Education: Reconstructionism Coming of Age” This article captures multicultural education by using the reconstructionism philosophy. This philosophy examines the strengths and the weaknesses of the multicultural efforts towards achieving innovative education and analyzing education reform movement. Of all the four philosophical approaches to education, the essentialism, progressivism, perennialism and reconstructionism, it is only reconstructionism which examines education in the light of cultural transformation. This philosophy is also necessary when analyzing the realities of crisis-culture syndrome (Mathai, 39). Education can only be meaningful when it is interpreted along the cultural line. This article recognizes the interconnectedness between education and culture and to enhance the utility and improvement of education the relations
Jane Austen authored several novels in the course of her literary career but according to critics, Mansfield Park is by far her most relevant work of literature. One critic observes that most of Austen’s books are characteristically “vulgar in tone, sterile in invention, imprisoned in the wretched conventions of English culture, and without genius” (Butler 225). In Mansfield Park , Jane Austen abandons her usual subject of the English elite and concentrates on a timid and shy heroine who is caught between the worlds of poverty and affluence. The main theme in Mansfield Park is social growth and how a person’s status affects this type of escalation. Jane Austen was a literary icon who covered a crucial literary period that fell between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This era is of importance to literature because it is marked by Victorian and romantic elements. Austen lived in Regency England and Mansfield Park covers events that are specific to England’s lifestyles in the period between 1780 and 1832. Social status in Mansfield Park is an important aspect and it is often linked to other factors such as living conditions and familial connections. Throughout Austen’s book, the themes of distinction and discrimination go hand in hand with the social statuses of most characters in respect to their places of living and societal connotations. The novel tracks the events surrounding the life of the main character Fanny Price. Fanny Price is forced to move from her poor homestead and live with her aunt’s affluent family. Fanny’s new family consists of Sir Thomas and Lady Bertram. The family has two daughters and two sons. The main character finds herself being caught up between her own convictions and the expectations that come from her affiliation with the wealthy Bertram family. Austen bases her entire book on the social situation of four families: The Bertrams, The Crawfords, The Prices, and The Rushwor