ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The types of plant communities present in the reserve The Bellarine committee of management regulates the work of many reserves in the region, including such reserves as the Edwards Point State Faunal Reserve, the Portarlington Recreation Reserve, and the Salt Lagoon State Nature Reserve. Protected plant communities presented in these reserves are Coastal Moonah Woodland which includes Moonahs and Coast Beard Heath as main species and the communities of Manna Gum and Drooping Sheoke, where the populations of Yellow Gum and such shrub species as Silver Banksia and Smooth Parrot-pea can be found. The plant community of cypress pine trees is protected according to the Victoria laws ( Bellarine Flora and Fauna 2014). Fauna to inhabit reserves Fauna of reserves in the Northern territories of Bellarine is diverse, and it includes such species of animals as brush tailed possum, glider, bat, kangaroo, and echidna. The coastal regions are also inhabited with dolphins, seals, and rays. Reserves are also famous for resident and migratory bird species, including orange‐bellied parrot ( Bellarine Flora and Fauna 2014). The above-mentioned animal and bird species are protected according to the standards, laws, and guidelines proposed by the Bellarine committee of management. Water Mark The particular geographic features of the Northern Bellarine territories influence the type of management of the reserves in relation to the High Water Mark or Low Water Mark. It is possible to note that the reserves are located at coastal territories, and the mean High Water Mark is more influential for managing the region than the Low Water Mark ( Bellarine Flora and Fauna 2014). Currency of management plan The Northern Bellarine Foreshore Plan was developed during the period of 2011-2012 in order to address the key issues associated with managing Bellarine Bayside reserves. The plan was completed in 2012, and signed by the Chair of Bellarine Bayside. The developed management plan includes the mission, goals, and lists of activities to be realized and implemented during the period of 15-20 years in order to improve the management of territories ( The Northern Bellarine Foreshore Plan 2012). The business plan and financial plan are developed for three fiscal years, till 2015. Visitation rate and facilities available The rate of tourists and visitors attending Bellarine Bayside increases each year. During the period of 2012-2013, the visitation rate increased by 17%, and today the number of tourists visiting the Bayside is more than 20,000 monthly. Bellarine Bayside Holiday Parks is divided into such destination zones as Portarlington, Indented Head, and St. Leonards ( Bellarine Bayside Holidays 2014). Facilities in Portarlington include the Portarlington Recreation Reserve, golf courses, boat ramps, a bowling club, and a skateboard park. Indented Head attracts visitors with a paddle steamer, places for swimming, fishing, and camping. The destinations of St. Leonards include two foreshore parks with stores and cafes. There are also golf clubs, tennis courts, and facilities for boat ramps ( Bellari
An attempt of Pettit’s Conception of Freedom as Anti-Power to Improve What He Sees as The Faulty Conception of Freedom in Liberalism Philip Pettit is among the few advocates championing what he deems as republican political theory. The idea is not linked to the American republican party; instead, it is conceived from the word a republic, a term used to refer to a nation in the political arena. According to Savery and Haugaard (2016), the main idea that Pettit highlights in this theory is the notion that the contrary to freedom is never interference as many people claim, but it is slavery and the domination by arbitrary power. In other words, Pettit describes freedom as a non-domination act also referred to as anti-power. First, there are two kinds of freedom that Pettit describes; non-interference and non-domination. For instance, a person can think that a non-dominated subject is accessible simply because the non-domination action guarantees his non-interference in the future. In short, the freedom of non-domination is just an act of defending oneself from being interfered with by another agent. For example, a slave who has an understanding master is free in the essence that the master rarely interferes with him; however, the same slave is not free because the master is dominant and can exercise arbitrary action upon the slave. Therefore, this illustration improves the faulty conception of freedom in liberalism by demonstrating that freedom is relative and every individual can define its context. However, there are instances where there is a lack of domination, but there are high levels of interference. This is mainly common when specific laws are put in place to restrict the actions of a person. In this regard, there is interference because a person cannot exercise what they intend to do; however, in case the laws are, a person can be free because there is non-domination since there is no superior person to exhibit arbitrary action against the person (Newell, 2018). Therefore, Pettit’s conception of freedom as anti-power attempts to improve upon what he sees as the faulty conception of freedom in liberalism by illustrating that freedom is what people perceive. It can be applied differently depending on the situation. A significant attribute of the republican theory is the illustration that an agent plays an essential role in defining freedom. Pettit believes that for one to determine that they are free, they have to consider the capacity of interference exercised
Patient compliance can be defined as the extent to which a treated person follows the prescription of a medical professional (Dutt, 2017). It implies that patients understand doctors’ recommendations, and beliefs in the effectiveness of the medicine and are motivated to act according to it (Mohiuddin, 2019). Patient adherence to medication is a cornerstone of medical practice, and the nursing sphere is not an exception. For instance, Flynn (2017) maintains that failure to adhere to doctors’ prescriptions results in approximately 125 thousand deaths yearly. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that individuals follow the instructions of medical personnel on every level. Rothenberg (2003) suggests that healthcare professionals should seek to empower patients in their choices concerning treatment by providing necessary information to facilitate individual decisions. Moreover, medical workers should consider each patient’s behavior regarding medication, financial status, and health education. On the contrary, if the professional does not consider a person’s background, the chances of non-compliance incr
The two literary works under consideration are the poem The Everlasting Regret by Bai Juyi-Yi and the play The Autumn of the Lustrous Emperor of Tang: Rain on the Wutong Tree by the famous Chinese playwright Bai Pu. Both works cover the life of a Chinese Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, namely, his personal and political life sides that are being affected by the love affair. Moreover, these readings give us a marvelous opportunity to learn a thousand years old Chinese legend ‘from inside’ presented in two somewhat opposite ways. The legend covered with secrets and mysticism tells us a story about Yang Guifei who was the wife of the son of emperor Xuanzong, who has afterwards made her own wife and the beloved consort. Also, we get to know that the emperor sacrificed her life for the sake of his troops’ dispersion as they blamed Yang and her cousin in betrayal rebellion. The emperor then ordered to take his concubine to the shrine and strangle her. The most interesting fact is that Japanese consider her to have survived the death. There were the rumors that she had fled to Japan, took another name, and lived happily. In China people still bring flowers to her statue because she is considered to be a national legend. However, it has to be mentioned that the keynote of both of the works – emperor’s personal life – is regarded differently in the two written works. The poem itself gives a much more sensitive and full of love presentation of the main character’s love than the play does. Moreover, when reading The Autumn of the Lustrous Emperor of Tang: Rain on the Wutong Tree somehow, the feeling of disgrace arouses in your subconsciousness. The reason for that is representing the emperor as an old seducer. However, thisis how women were percepted in early ages in China: ‘…as sensul, sexual, and sometimes sentimental creatures’ (Hsieh. 10). As a matter of fact, Yang Guifei, the beloved one, was at the same time his daughter-in-law, being married to the emperor’s son, and being several decades younger. Of course, the debates about what seduction is can long forever. The only reasonable argument for that would be the laws of the country the issue took place in. However, the prisoner of the incestuous lust was the actual head of empire, so there was nobody to blame him in anything. Though still this very issue is extremely debatable, especially in the contemporary society. Probably the tone of the works depends on the date of their creation. As such, The Everlasting Regret poem was composed in the 806th year. Therefore, I tend to admit that the former governing of an emperor (8 September 685 – 3 May 762) was the main reason to give the poem a tone it has. Meaning, it is much more gentle and has a greater part of glorifying the actual feeling of love disregarding the events that go along with it in the play. Reading the poem yo
Introduction The public schooling system in Canada began before free and compulsory, education was introduced into the education system in the stages of the 19 th century. On the other hand, the introduction of free and compulsory schooling led to the development of bureaucratic and instrumental institutions of learning (Edwards & Shields, 2005, p.23). Nevertheless, educational institutions had become establishments for interacting, classifying, and frequently separating different community groups in society. Schooling was viewed as a way of enhancing social order, as regards this; laws were passed to force skivers to attend school thereby keeping them off the corrupt influence of the streets (Tyack, 1974, p.68). Origin of public school in 19 th century Upper Canada The British authorities set aside one part in seven equal parts of all Crown lands in Upper Canada for the funding and maintenance of a Protestant Clergy, which, in custom, meant the Church of England. This strategy, which increased the controlling influence and educational prerogatives of the national Church of England at the expense of another group of religious congregations having their own organization and a distinctive faith, was a systematic basis of disagreement during the early nineteenth century (Axelrod, 1997, p.7). Anglicans however, had a major effect in the founding of public schools, which emphasized the teaching of Latin and Greek, and which were proposed to educate youth for future positions of occupational and social leadership in their communities. However, during the 19 th century, schooling became widely circulated among politicians, ecclesiastics and instructors and consequently forming the make-up of the modern school structure in what emerged as a certified consent. The setting up of school structures in Upper Canada followed a comparable form and sequence due to the compound and frequent rival aspirations of both authorized instructors and parents. However, there are some distinguished variations within this comparison, related to significant social, cultural and political characteristics. Purpose The major comparison in the Canadian school system surfaced from the cherished desire of educational managers throughout the mid 19 th century, and most parents’ eagerness, to educate their children when they could. The steadiness of the leading educators in their objectives is not startling since they only referred to one another scripts and were constantly in communication with each other. The distinct strong belief of the school supporters and advocates was that public education could be a successful instrument for the ingraining suitable manner of notion and conduct into young learners; notwithstanding, in their thoughts, the idea of public schooling did not entail the achievement of intellectual knowledge. Schools were structured to get rid of numerous social problems and misconduct. These social problems were viewed to emerge due to three main reasons: the impact caused by the large and constant flow of immigrants into the country during the 19 th century; the change of lifestyle caused by the shift fro
Economics has now become an invisible tool that manipulates the world. In order to find a way to control it, people have come up with many books on economic algorithms. By creating them, researchers aim at establishing the way, in which the world works. Such books are now divided into the synchronic and diachronic ones, where the latter ones examine the economics in the context of history, and the first focus on modern development. When people study the economy as a major, their primary goal is to pay enough attention to science emergence, as world history often tends to repeat itself. Thus, in the course of this review, the attention will be focused on the diachronic book Capitalism in America: The History , written by Alan Greenspan and Adrian Wooldridge. To begin with, it is necessary to provide a brief inquiry into the biography of the book’s authors. Alan Greenspan is a former Chair of Federal Reserve of the United States, who had the chance to become the economic counsellor of the several US presidents. Adrian Wooldridge, in his turn, is a leading editor of the US’ The Economist . Hence, although their competence on the subject may be controversial, it is definitely indisputable. The book itself was published in 2018, which makes it relevant in the context of today’s world despite the work’s historical profile. One can understand from the title that the authors have to focus on the development of the capitalistic relations within the country throughout its history. Although it is true, the notion of capitalism in their interpretation is rather subjective, which makes the book even more interesting for the potential reader. Greenspan and Wooldridge aim at describing the patterns of American economic development through the concepts of Schumpeterian Creative Destruction and Great Men Theory. The first theory is based on the findings of Austrian scholar Joseph Schumpeter, and it claims that every economic stage emerges because of the destruction of the previous structure (Evangelista). Another theory states that the world’s economy is developed as a result of the actions of several influential people who are called the Great Men. Hence, the major value of the book lies in the fact that it requires a critical analysis of the information. According to the information provided on the authors’ biography, they are the ones who should know the American economy better than any other scholar should. However, the statements in the book are rather controversial and re
Brief Introduction Business area, mission, key marketing objectives, fascinating facts NIKE was founded in the 1960s and began mainly dealing with footwear. The company dealt mainly with footwear that bore its trademark swooshes. The company quickly expanded and began running advertisement campaigns, which would soon see the company own more than 50% of the market share in the US. The primary advertising agent that NIKE has used since it began advertising is Wieden Kennedy. This company has continuously devised print and television advertisements for Nike. Over the years since its establishments Nike has expanded its product line to include many sports products. It has also grown production to many regions over the world. Nike has acquired many of its competitors such as Umbro. This has strengthened its market position. Marketing is a very elaborate process of communicating the products of the company to prospective consumers (Richard, Wilson, & Gilligan, 2012). Nike has adopted many marketing strategies and methods to grow as it has. The company has used the ‘just do it’ slogan to advertise its products. Products/Services What is the client selling? The company has specialized in producing a wide array of sports equipment. A company that began with production of shoes for running track has expanded widely. They produce sports equipment for track, ice hockey, baseball, tennis, soccer, basketball, lacrosse, cricket, hockey, and American football. In the design of their shoes, Nike always wants to outdo its competitors by producing shoes which will provide an added advantage to the athlete. Nike sells shoes for outdoor activities such as racing, skateboarding, cycling, golf, wrestling, and car racing. Shoes for recreational activities are also produced. What is the market buying? The market for Nike products buys them due to the agility provided by these shoes and equipment. Many people choose Nike products due to their comfort ability and convenience they provide when carrying out sporting activities. The Nike air, which is a well used shoe in basketball, is loved because of its flexibility and light nature. Feedback gotten from the market segment enables the company to improve on its products and produce better ones too. According to Doyle, Stern, Stern (2006) the market expects  1. Reliability from the products  2. Comfort when using the shoes  3. Lightweight and
Introduction Textile industry over the world comprises a large chunk of the many economies all over the world. In fact we are told that international trade in textiles reached a whopping 530 billion dollars, which is about 5% of total world merchandise trade. It is therefore an area that is sensitive to many governments. Trade and Conflicts Trade in textiles and apparel has caused many conflicts between developed and developing countries due to various reasons. One major reason is that textile industry, being labor intensive, employs so many people such that should it be disrupted, many would lose their employment (Griffin &Pustay, 266). Such a scenario would first of all worry politicians in such countries since it could lead to their losing their seats or even general instability. This could equally cause an economic crisis no one can fathom due to the numbers that will lose a source of livelihood, not forgetting their dependents. Cheap labor in developing countries make them produce textile products that may be cheap in such a case that when exported to developed countries, will be cheaper than what the developed countries produce.This could make workers in the developed industries to lose their source of livelihood too (Griffin &Pustay, 267). This may lead to conflict between nations. Trade and Barriers I feel totally free trade in textile and apparel is not a good thing. This is because different countries have different intervening factors. Some countries, as already seen, have some advantages over others in terms of labor, management, government subsidy etc. For instance cheap labor can make one country gain undue advantage over the other country whose labor cost is higher. Some governments, on the other hand,subsidize their farmers thus making them also have undue advantage over those that do not. Other countries have management advantage over the others. This is why it is good for a kind of balance to be imposed to control skewed trade that may cater for such imbalances (Griffin &Pustay, 267). For instance bodies like GATT and MFA were formed in 1961 and 1974 respectively to give some quotas. MFA was particularlymeant to shield textile industries in the developed world from cheaper exports coming from developing countries. Due to such sensitivities, it is therefore good for nations to be allowed to erect some trade barriers to trade in these goods. However, some countries have found maneuvers that circumvent the trade quotas. Some for example, use quotas underutilized by other countries to manufacture and end export large quantities of cheap textile products to US. They do this through for instance building industries in these countries. But this has been detrimental to the US for example since it has to use enormous resources vetting the exact source hence f
Abstract This study dedicated to the estimation of the benthic ecosystem biodiversity and its dependence on environmental features of the ecosystem. To estimate the diversity, macro-invertebrates’ orders were identified in samples. It is known that the composition of benthic invertebrates strongly depends on the characteristics of the environment. This approach is widely used to evaluate the current state of different freshwater ecosystems. In this investigation, it was shown that the diversity of benthic macro-invertebrates was different for different riffle and run sites. Evenness and richness of the invertebrates’ orders were calculated. It was shown that richness of the diversity was from low to moderate, and evenness was moderate for the analyzed riffle. It could be concluded that this riffle was under moderate stress conditions. Introduction Benthic macro-invertebrates are organisms that live in freshwater (rivers, lakes, streams) sediments. The macroinvertebrate community consists of diverse orders of multicellular animals (Benthic Invertebrate Communities, 2017). The structure of the community strongly depends on features of the environment, in particular, sediments and water quality, hydrological and physical characteristics: temperature, transparency, salinity, and mineral composition, and others (Queirós et al., 2015). Freshwater biodiversity is affected by numerous factors, including human-related activities. Nowadays, a lot of freshwater ecosystems are exposed to anthropogenic stress due to water pollution, eutrophication, soil erosion, and fine sedimentation deposition (Leitner et al., 2015). Changes in environmental characteristics lead to changes of macro-invertebrates diversity of a particular ecosystem. Therefore, diversity measurement is a useful tool for the determination of the ecosystem state (Stoll et al., 2015). Evenness and richness of species are important characteristics of the ecosystem. Both features depend on environmental conditions. It was claimed that stress factors might lead to the richness decline. Some species might disappear because of non-appropriate conditions (Murphy and Romanuk, 2014). Besides, evenness in the stressful environment might also be rejected. The reason for it is the following: some species might be more adaptive than others. Therefore, some of them might be overrepresented in the ecosystem, while others might be underrepresented (Lemieux and Cusson, 2014). The research hypothesis is the fol