ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gulf Agency Group is a world-wide known company that functions across different states and provides its services to numerous agents. There is also GAC Saudi Arabia, which functions on the territory of this state and is considered the greatest shipping agency in the country. It has grown from a small operational office at Ras Tanura to a huge international company that operates in ports like Dammam, Al Khafji, Jeddah, Yanbu, Jubail, Ras Tanura, Ras Al-Khafji, and Rabigh as well as the dry port in Riyadh (“Saudi Arabia” par. 1). At the moment, the Kingdom depends on its services greatly as it performs the majority of deliveries in the state. Thus, it is obvious that being a great international company, it could not but face some problems in its functioning related to misunderstandings between different parties. All these misunderstandings are traditionally solved by courts. Thus, the main peculiarity of the company is its international character, which is why citizens of other states might file a lawsuit against it. For instance, the case Defleron v. Gulf Agency Inc. could be used to demonstrate the peculiarities of the legal environment in which it functions and how international law affects the company’s functioning. The plaintiffs, Gregory Defleron and Leslie Defleron filed a lawsuit against GAC because they were dissatisfied with the quality of the suggested services and with the absence of the notification about the cancelation of the insurance, which resulted in significant losses. Representatives of GAC and underwriters at Lloyd’s of London Subscribing to Insurance Policy/Certificate No. HOL 00983 (“Defleron v. Gulf Agency, Inc” par. 1) had to present the facts that could be used by the court to determine whether Defleron’s claims had a legal basis or not. The Alabama Supreme Court concluded that the cancellation of the insurance was properly mailed and they were not GAC and Lloyd’s fault (“Defleron v. Gulf Agency, Inc” par. 1). Data Analysis Delving into the legal case, several crucial aspects should be mentioned. First, the Alabama Court of Civil Appeals considered this appeal, meaning that the given lawsuit could be considered an international law case that rests on the basic principles of the international law that should be respected and taken into account by all companies operating at this level. GAC Saudi Arabia belongs to this category as it guarantees the delivery of cargos, parcels, and other objects to the outlined destination points. Under these conditions, the basic regulations implied by the above-mentioned international law could be applied to the company. Second, there is another aspect that should be taken into account. There is an actor (hereinafter it is referred to as Lloyd’s) that is also responsible for the events analyzed in the case. Following its description, Lloyd was responsible for insurance and all questions related t
Introduction Many people in the US mistake Hmong to be Vietnamese or Chinese, but it should be noted that the many Hmong immigrants in the US are from a different culture. Many of the Hmong adults are from Laos where they were born and later grew up as poor farmers from the summits of northern Laos. This was before they were engaged to fight a devastating secret war for the US’s government which was against some powerful Communist forces (Robert Cooper). While, the Hmong people themselves do not know what the name Hmong really means there are some westerners who were somehow curious in studying the Hmong people and were swayed that Hmong signifies free men. until the present times a great number of people don’t know who the Hmong are. But based on stories and legends, it was thought by some of the Hmong researchers and the Hmong elders that their predecessors originally came from Northern Asia. Still, no one can really tell precisely where the Hmong community originated from. (Hein) some of the places that are frequently cited by the Hmong as there original home are;Vietnam, Mongolia, and Northern China. It was not until the 18th century, when the Catholic missionaries came to know about the Hmong tribe in China and later on in Southeast Asia; these missionaries believed that the Hmong tribe is one of the lost ethnic group from either Siberia or maybe it originated from Iran. Therefore even though different people have different ideas of where the Hmong tribe originated from, it is still hard to get a trace of their origin, (Robert Cooper) Some million Hmong people still remain in Vietnam, Thailand, China and Laos and they speak a range of Hmong languages. The language used by the Hmong is known to be monosyllabic tonal dialect i.e 6-12 tones and it depends on the language, with some aspects that might make it a vital link betweenThai, Chinese, Burmese, and other Aust
This article presents an experimental study on how the learning of creativity can be facilitated. The author of this article is Knut Boge, a Don at the Akershus University of Applied Sciences in Norway. The author’s main areas of research include service innovations, facility management, and entrepreneurship. This article begins by exploring the concept of creativity and its manifestation in various learning fields. According to the author, it is important for credible research to assess whether creativity is a natural or acquired skill. The proposals that are contained in this paper relate to an ongoing academic debate on the concept of creativity. Some scholars are of the opinion that creativity is a natural talent that can only be enhanced but not learned. On the other hand, another school of thought is of the view that creativity is a skill that can be acquired and sharpened. Boge’s paper is a research study on a group of students in their quest to ‘learn’ how to be creative. This essay is a critical review of Boge’s journal article including its merits, demerits, and the factors that make it stand out. The central premise in this article is an important subject with respect to the acquisition of skills. According to the author, a student’s ability to ‘reproduce’ knowledge has often been prioritized over the need to think creatively. Moreover, there is an outstanding issue that involves coming up with an effective method of teaching creativity. For example, some cited sources in this article forward the argument that creativity is a phenomenon that can be taught to all individuals as opposed to it being a natural skill that is possessed by only a few. All these arguments are important to the research on skill acquisition. Furthermore, in the 21 st Century, creativity is the single most important skill among workers. In the digital era, individuals have ample tools to enable them to maximize their creative input in different fields. This article is relevant because it seeks to provide an answer to a problem that is related to various practical fields. The article’s organization exhibits unusual brevity for a research study, but it still manages to be succinct. For instance, the article’s introduction presents in brief details the two sides of the argument concerning the nature of creativity. After the introduction, the article covers the experiment’s methodology. Although this article’s sequence is rare, it is hard to point out any information that has been left out in the paper. For example, the preamble of the paper’s methodology can be found in the introduction where the author talks about Norwegian Innovation Camps. Consequently, the readers do not have any problems when they are trying to connect the article’s methodology with the author’s thesis. The concept of brevity in this paper also applies to other sections, including ‘results’ and ‘discussion’. The author’s approach is suspicious at first, but it turns out to be an effective method of conveying information. Wi
Abstract The success of every case depends on the quality of evidence obtained by investigators within law enforcement. Defenders and attorneys should also use their competencies to identify witnesses and obtain the intended information from them. Unfortunately, these defenders will at some point come across witnesses who are uncooperative. This discussion offers powerful insights that can be used to handle a witness and the collected evidence. The paper goes further to outline the relevant measures that can be considered by an investigator to elicit the cooperation of a witness and collect adequate evidence. Introduction Riedel and Welsh (2015) indicate that getting adequate information and evidence is one of the crucial duties of attorneys and trial counsels. Witnesses offer useful ideas or evidence that can be used to formulate a strong case (Barsley, David, & Metcalf, 2013). Identifying, locating, and interviewing witnesses are complex tasks that should be performed in a competent manner. More often than not, witnesses might be uncooperative or unwilling to be part of the fact-finding procedure. This might be the case even when the witness is believed to have useful information for building a strong case. The effectiveness of the interviewing process will dictate the quality of information collected by the counsel. This analysis, therefore, outlines some of the critical issues that should be considered whenever interviewing and handling a witness. Handling of Witness and Evidence After identifying a given witness who is capable of offering useful information regarding a given case, it is appropriate to consider a number of issues in order to support the interrogation process. Heydon (2012) encourages every counsel to conduct a thorough investigation about the specified witness before interviewing or interacting with him or her. The use of the internet can make the process much simpler and productive. Another good practice is outlining specific questions that should be discussed with the witness (Groome, 2014). During this stage, it is necessary to investigate and understand if the witness will be cooperative or not. The investigator should go-ahead to interview the witness. The interviewing process should always be treated as an art (Groome, 2014). This approach is critical because there is no single style that is acceptable. The ultimate goal is to cooperate with the individual and eventually collect the intended evidence. Each witness should be treated differently since human beings do not respond to issues in a similar manner. Throughout the interviewing process, experts argue that peripheral matters should be taken seriously. Some of these issues include the environment for interviewing the witness, the nature of the structured qu
SIPOC diagram (High-level process map) The term SIPOC stands for Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers. It is a tool employed in the six sigma style for proper identification of processes and any improvements required before the real work on the project commences. The voice of the customer (VOC) initializes the beginning of the SIPOC process. The six sigma style has several phases, including the definition; measurement; analysis; improvement, and control phases (also known as DMAIC). It is applicable during the measurement stage to help in determining the outputs and the targeted customers who gain from the results of the process. Basic steps of the processes involved in improving or coming up with a new project are clearly outlined. When creating the SIPOC diagram, the basic step is usually determining the critical processes involved, then the outputs of the project, the customers, inputs then suppliers. The suppliers, whether internally based on the company/ organization or externally based give the required inputs to the process. These include raw materials, information; forms, and etcetera. The inputs to the process include staff and the supplied materials. The process involves the detailed step by step method of carrying out a project. The focus on the process method is to make sure its output adds value to a customer or his/her needs and expectations are met. The output is the result of the process, such as a finished product or service sold to customers. The customer is the person receiving the good or service. Majority of the time, customers’ response to the provided product results in the improvement or betterment of the product. SIPOC aids the organization in:   * Clarification of the project’s scope.   * Setting borders of the project’s work scope such as the first and end time.   * Determining the ways and rules involved and all the factors tackled.   * Ensuring the right and enough resources are provided and evenly distributed.   * Securing funding from the government or other financial institutions. An example of a SIPOC diagram showing the SIPOC procedure for repairing a damaged car is shown in figure 1. Fig. 1: Example of a SIPOC diagram. Significance of the term “process owner” A process owner is a person who is in charge or responsible for coordinating teams to make sure the goals of the project are met or the process (in the SIPOC diagram) runs smoothly from beginning to end. The teams involved in the process all work together in completing a single process. In the SIPOC diagram in figure 1, the process owner could be an automotive engineer at the garage responsible for ensuring
Introduction When a hospital can identify and maintain an adequate number of RN nurses as staff in a fair ratio of nurse-to-patient is crucial to medical care. It assures quality service delivery. Several studies have been conducted and they reveal that there is a connection between the higher level of registered nurse recruitment and the declining rates of adverse patient outcomes. There is a chasm that exists between those supporting and those opposing the mandated, statute requirement to employ the right nurse-to-patient ratio. Some nursing bodies advocate for the use of ratios while others claim that these ratios are not considerate of patient dependency but cause loss of control at these health facilities. Driving Forces The first issue that inspires change is legislation. The 42 code of federal regulation demand that all the hospitals that have been certified to implement Medicare must have adequate numbers of licensed RNs, vocational nurses, and other supporting workers to provide medical care to all the patient needs (Needleman, et al 2002, p. 1716). Considering the weight of such precise statement and the persistent disregard of the congress to enact quality these stringent measures for violation of this staffing act requirement, it is then up to the nurses to push for the appropriate measure to meet the safety needs of the patients (Needleman, et al 2002, p. 1716). There are notable benefits of having an adequate number of RNs. Every additional RN recruited to work for an average of 8 hours a day will lead to reducing medical expenditure and better health productivity estimated at saving over $60,000. Note that this is just a partial estimation of the economic worth of nursing without mentioning the intangible benefits to the patient like relieving stress in the family or reducing patient pain (Needleman, et al 2002, p. 1717); reducing complicated cost-related issues, reducing malpractice cases and improve working atmosphere that decreases the possibility of turnover or accidents (Needleman, et al 2002, p. 1717). Nurses are hence requesting the help of the elected officials at the hospital level to the state level to assist in the protection of patients by holding the violating hospital accountable for inadequate staffing rations through statute and other regulatory means (Needleman, et al 2002, p. 1718). The American Nurses Association (ANA) is also fully in support of this rule as it empowers nurses with the authority to initiate staffing plans. This staffing change initiative may be specific to particular healthcare departments and services to their patients. The ANA staffing model is flexible and allows tailored plans to meet certain needs based on the pati
Businesses and individuals have attained huge benefits due to the advent of online social networking tools. For instance, many online connecting tools have provided easier access and platforms for international recognition. Businesses as well as individuals have also accessed vast opportunities for acquiring knowledge and expanding marketing opportunities. Additionally, the continual growth of social networking tools have led to increased popularity, business exposure and acquisition of knowledge. Hence, most business organizations which are making use of social networking tools have an upper hand in reaping associated benefits (Montale 15). In connection to this, it is imperative to note that social networking companies such as LinkedIn have created well enhanced tools for exposure purposes. Individuals and businesses are given great opportunities for the much needed recognition on the internet through creation of professional profiles. Many sites such as LinkedIn give provisions which allow creation of individual and organizational profiles that become exposed on the internet within the linked communities. Besides, similar or same professions are lined up together while similar products from different companies or regions are also given the same alignment (Smith 13). This allows comprehensive classification of people or companies on the internet as sorted out by the professional filter. As a result, individuals can identify specific companies or professions to associate with and thus improve or boost their business opportunities. There are also other great tools that are used to classify organizations within the networking tools and thus tend to increase chances of popularity within the networking site. Creation of a group within our profile will greatly help in influencing our connection wi
Abstract The following paper is devoted to the issue of Islamist terrorism and extremist practices in the US. The key problems of the research are the ways in which Islamists are protected by the US legislation and society, where the threat comes from, and what the consequences might be. The research is relevant since a significant amount of current data was analyzed to identify the means of protection and the sources of the menace. Emphasizing the necessity to distinguish between the Islam-practicing population and Islamists, the paper discloses how home-grown terrorists and, more importantly, Islamist immigrants are treated as per civil-rights-based policies. The stages of threat imposture and the abuse of these policies are analyzed, supported by recent statistics. The current situation of immigrants and refugees is also analyzed in terms of its current condition and implications. In conclusion, the threat is considered to be minor due to the lack of organization. The post-9/11 American community is only too well aware of its vulnerability to the menace of terrorism, which, in this particular case, was the responsibility of Islamists. The mayhem brought out the gaps in the national security system and blatantly exposed the need for change, which has been made indeed. Albeit the invaded privacy and habeas corpus challenges, terrorism – particularly Islamist terrorism – has been seemingly successfully prosecuted. Paradoxically, the prosecution of Islamist terrorism appears to be complexified by none other than the Bill of Rights. On the one hand, there is a significant amount of Islam-exercising persons born and settled within the US territory. On the other hand, the current situation creates a yet unprecedented flow of immigration to the US and Western Europe (Besheer, 2016). With the Bill of Rights applying to every individual, it appears that the tangibility of the threat Islam imposes is somewhat underestimated. Although Muslim-American population has spent much effort proclaiming peacefulness in the blogosphere, the following paper is aimed at analyzing how, under the US Constitution, people imposing threat are protected by the law of the very principles that they are trying to destroy. The subsequent years after the 9/11 attack have raised the issue of the so-called home-grown terrorism, seriously jeopardizing Americans of Muslim background. The specificity of the issue discussed calls for a disclaimer first. The notions of Muslim and Islamist tend to be interchangeable in popular writing, resulting in overall confusion. Whereas Islam is defined as a set of beliefs, Islamism is an extremity, a stance of almost purely ideological nature (Bowering, 2015). This basic difference signifies the diversity of Muslim American and immig
Introduction Working with adults and young people who are experiencing substance misuse requires much effort and knowledge from the professional who is engaged in it. Relying on one’s intuition is not enough to achieve true professional mastery. The reflective practitioner should be able to reflect upon one’s strengths and weaknesses, should review systematically his or her practices and beliefs, and become more and more reflective in one’s work. Relationship between theory and practice Going to Professor of Continuing Education, Peter Jarvis, the traditional relationship between theory and practice should no longer exist in a present-day practice. The demands of modern society maintain that the former principle to learn theory and then apply it to practice does not work anymore (Jarvis 1999, p.95). As society is constantly developing, knowledge about it is rather relative than fixed, from this comes the importance of constant reflection on the practice one conducts. Though the work of one reflective practitioner will not solve the complex problem of substance misuse, it will reduce the harm it causes to individuals and society, as a whole. Acting as a social worker Before starting my work as a reflective practitioner I dealt with such national competence-based frameworks as Drugs and Alcohol National Occupational Standards and National Health Service Knowledge Skills Framework. The Drug and Alcohol National Occupational Standards were launched in May 2002, they are significant for every person engaged in minimizing harm associated with substance misuse. The Standards were developed by Skills for Health, the Sector Skills Councils for Justice, Social Care, Housing, Employment, Education, and Young People. This framework specifies the main principles according to which people engaged in the drugs and alcohol field should work. Also, the framework describes the knowledge and skills needed to meet the required standards. Acting as a social worker I worked in three fields: service delivery, management of services, and commissioning of services. Service delivery presupposed: informing people about substance use, factors of health and social wel