ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The hematologic disorder is an umbrella term for a variety of blood-related diseases that affect red, white blood cells, proteins, and other components of blood. Anemia is a typical representative of this disorder group. It is defined as insufficiency or functional impairment of red blood cells. Hemoglobin levels are diverse for most patients but generally, diagnosis of anemia requires hemoglobin to be lower than 13.5 grams per deciliter in men, and 12 grams per deciliter in women (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017). Anemia may be a result of severe blood loss, nutrition issues, genetic susceptibility, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus treatment. Sickle cell anemia surfaces mostly in African Americans and Hispanics. It threatens the lives of 100,000 people of total anemia cases in the U.S. only, which is why this paper is devoted to its drug therapy and management (Yawn et al., 2014). Types of Drugs to Treat Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia According to Arcangelo et al. (2017), a pharmacological cure for sickle cell anemia is presently absent. Drug therapy is, therefore, aimed at early prevention and symptom management. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or penicillin v potassium can be administered to infants aged two months. Penicillin intake may incur headaches, mild cases of diarrhea, or sore tongue (“Penicillin VK side effects in detail,” n.d.). Vaccination is reiterated twice after six to eight weeks since the last injection. Additionally, the vaccine is given shortly after the first birthday. At the age of two, a child is vaccinated with pneumococcal polysaccharide with a follow-up vaccination in three years. Subsequently, vaccinations are reiterated after a five-year period. Fever and headac
Price elasticity of demand is a good area in economics that needs to be understood in order to understand the changes that happen on our markets. It also ensures that good decisions are made. Price elasticity of demand refers to the “…responsiveness of changes in the quantity of goods and services demanded in relation to the changes in their prices” (Schumpeter & Elizabeth, 1994, p.44). According of Perloff (2008), “The four factors, which influence the price elasticity of demand, include the availability of substitutes, specific nature of the goods available on the market, part of income spent on the goods and the time when the consumers buy particular goods and services” (p.21). Last month I purchased a pair of leather shoes from a shoe-shop in town, which I believe that the demand of the shoe played a key role in setting up of the price. The four factors aforementioned may have contributed to the price elasticity of demand of the pair of leather shoe I bought. For instance, the availability of substitutes played a key role in the pricing of the shoes. The kind of the shoe I bought was a new design that was new in the market, durable and of its own kind. Demand of the shoes was high leading to increase in price. Although other shoes substitutes were available in the markets, the new shoe design was more appealing compared to other types of shoes hence increasing its elasticity. Nature of the shoes was unique. They were durable and comfortable, which made its elasticity high. As a result, many people or consumers preferred the shoes irrespective of the price changes due to its advantages compared to its disadvantages. Therefore, its nature also led to the increase in demand elasticity hence increase in its price. Because of the great desire and need to purchase the shoes, the price was a bit high because of the high demand; hence, I spent a considerable amount of my income in purchasing the shoes. The demand did not change to a higher magnitude regardless of the fact that the prices had increased significantly. Time is also a crucial consideration when it comes to price elasticity in relation to demand of a product (Schumpeter & Elizabeth, 1994, p.34). During the month when I bought the shoes, the rate of economic growth was high and the income of the people was slightly high. This therefore necessitated spending, hence leading to a hike in prices. Therefore, the time of purchasing the shoes also played a key role in increasing the prices of the shoes. At that time, the shoes were in high demand due to the changes in weather; those shoes were the best option in dealing with such climate. Hence, the time the consumers’ buy certain products should be of concern in order to weigh the right p
Need to write a literary analysis essay on Eveline by James Joyce? This sample paper focuses on the short story’s themes, setting, characters, and stylistic aspects. Write your Eveline analysis essay with us! Eveline James Joyce Short Summary According to Joyce, “There is no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but indecision “(33). In this short story, James tells a tale of Eveline who happens to be an unfortunate individual. She is depicted as an anxious young woman, scared, timid and terrified by what is happening in her life such as her fathers’ brutality and violent nature towards her, her mothers and brothers death and poverty status of her old father. Joyce showed Eveline as a frightened woman, indecisive and who is so much into her past as opposed to her future. Eveline is thinking widely as she sits besides a window. She thinks of her family, neighbors, and how years back, they used to play in the open fields where now stand houses and other buildings. She is a nineteen-year-old woman and her mother died. Eveline is planning to escape Ireland with her boyfriend Frank. She is a hardworking woman both at the store and at home. She takes cares of her family members, her father, and her two young siblings. She gives all her salary to the family despite the fact that her father constantly accuses her as being spendthrift (Nicole 2011). Eveline Analysis Characters in Eveline by Joyce James Joyce wrote the story of Eveline in 1914. Eveline is the title of the main character in the short story and it shows how she was affected by feminism during her life time. Joyce states that, “the feminist issues affecting Eveline are in her relationship with her boyfriend Frank, relatives, duties, obligations, and societal expectations” (20). She has embodied the importance of the ‘feminine’ in patriarchy. She has an open opportunity to escape but she does not escape. Eventually, at the end of the story she fails to leave and sentences herself to life as a ‘housekeeper’ (Nicole 2011). She loves her father despite his violent nature against her (Vulgen 2006). She clings onto the best memories of her father, saying, “Sometimes he could be very nice (Joyce 5),” She witnessed her fathers brutality to her brothers when he would “hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick (Joyce 4).” Eveline has started feeling “herself in danger of her father’s violence (Joyce 4).” Ironically, her father has “begun to threaten her and say wha
Introduction Social Security is a form of insurance based upon a 19th century European tradition that dealt with social welfare. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt made a plea before a convention of the Progressive Party where he indicated the stand that social security would eventually be based upon. He said: We must protect the crushable elements at the base of our present industrial structure…it is abnormal for any industry to throw back upon the community the human wreckage due to its wear and tear, and the hazards of sickness, accident, invalidism, involuntary unemployment, and old age should be provided for through insurance. by 1935 the social dynamics of the country had changed and the once farming reliant nation was now highly industrialized and facing various social and financial challenges in the process. Thus, the need to adopt a Social Security Act was shaped and born. Its features included an insurance principle that protects the policy holder against a defined risk and social element or situations. Social security usually covers disability, death, retirement, and unemployment. Main body Then president Franklin D. Roosevelt did not get the act to pass without a problem though. He made known his intention to have Congress pass a Social Security program on June 8. 1934. Subsequently creating by Executive Order the Committee on Social Security. Their objective was to give the president an idea of the problem of economic insecurity and recommend possible moves that can be used in aid of legislation by Congress. By January 1935, the CES was in a position to advise the president and after filing their report, the president presented the same to both houses of Congress on January 17. The bill eventually passed with majority support and signed into law by President Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. One of the major provisions of the act that caught the notice of the public was the act indicating that the social insurance program would offer members over the age of 65, a pension or income after retiring from their current jobs. But just like any act passed into law, the Social Security Act needed modifications over time in order to reflect the actual status and problems of society. So in 1939, amendments were made to cover the benefits received by spouses and children of the workers. These came to be known as dependent benefits. Changes were also made to the governing structure of system. By 1950, the Social Security Board was abolished to give way to the Social Security Administration that was headed by a commissioner. Gradual changes were made as the system was tweaked in order to accommodate the growing needs of its new and aging members. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson received the first Medicare card that would allow the retirees of the system to partake of health insurance in their golden years thus adding health benefits to the duties that the insurance had to provide. But just like any insurance firm, the system is plagued by revenue collection problems and allotment issues. Although the finances of the SSA are professionally handled, that is not to say that it is not a troubled firm. The SSA remains somewhat mism
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) and granulocytosis are closely related because they originate from the bone marrow. They are represented as a result of unregulated and rampant growth of stem cells. The accumulation of the underdeveloped stem cells impairs the functioning of the blood cells resulting in such diseases as cancer. The notable difference between the two diseases is that granulocytosis itself is not an illness but an indication of an underlying condition. It may be a result of blood infection and could also be a symptom of CML; while CML is a type of blood cancer (Campregher 21). In most instances, CML is preceded by granulocytosis, the reactions of patients with these conditions are fairly the same. Some of common symptoms include increased sweating during sleep, fatigue and regular infections. The severity of the disorders leads to complications in treatment. This is because, the immature stem cells interfere with the production of healthy stem cells and may be deposited in the spleen causing further complications. The treatment routine where granulocytosis is the primary indicator for CML may be chemotherapy, radiation or bone marrow transplant (Campregher 23). An increase of monocytes count in blood beyond the normal range of 800/mm3 to 1000/mm3, is referred to as monocytosis. Monocytosis and granulocytosis closely compare since both disorders involve the irregular multiplication of the stem cells forming the white blood cells. Increased infections among people with these disorders have been the most common indicator of an underlying condition. This is because white blood cells are part of the immune system and help fight foreign materials in the body. Any disorder in the count or functioning is manifested as blood infection. Work Cited Campregher, Paulo. “Standards For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia”. Jornal Brasileiro De Patologia E Medicina Laboratorial , vol 54, no. 2, 2018. Web.
Introduction In philosophy, many prominent thinkers have tried to explain how the world is governed and how everything appears. These explanations articulate appropriate principles, and people are familiar with many of them. For example, Thales states that water is the main element, while Anaximenes emphasizes the role of air. However, when it comes to Heraclitus, he believes that fire is the principle of all that exists. Even though his hypothesis seems to be quite controversial at first sight, specific reasons support and explain the given idea. The Principle Explained In his works, Heraclitus indicates that fire is an underlying principle of everything because all objects are made of this element. At the same time, the philosopher suggests that the given element makes it possible for various phenomena and objects to change. These two statements are not easy to comprehend at the same time because they offer some controversial ideas. This information creates some exegetical challenges of how it is reasonable to interpret the principle. On the one hand, it is possible to utilize a material approach that will reveal some disadvantages of Heraclitus’ hypothesis. On the other hand, the principle under analysis becomes more notional when it is considered as an attempt to create an abstract explanation of how everything works in the Universe. These two different approaches will explain why Heraclitus mentions that fire has such significance for the world. Thus, fire occupies an essential role in Heraclitus’ philosophy, and his hypothesis evokes a few challenges. Firstly, one should mention that this element was not popular among ancient Greek philosophers since they considered it the most ephemeral of material elements. In spite of that, Heraclitus indicates that fire is what makes stars shine and that it is crucial for the whole world. Secondly, being a continuator of the Milesian school, Heraclitus is a monist, which means that this thinker believes that reality can be reduced to a single element. It is impossible to state why he chose fire, but many suppose that it is because heat is necessary for life. Finally, a significant challenge arises because the philosopher fails to describe how fire can transform into other elements and preserve its original properties. Even though the information above stipulates some exegetical opinions, Heraclitus insists on the significance of fire. Thus, he mentions that this element is the governing principle of reality that will judge and convict everything. While this idea does not contradict the thought of fire being a general principle, it is difficult to comprehend how the two are related to each other. Furthermore, Heraclitus makes a controversial statement that fire does not transform into other elements; when it changes, it disappears. This drastic change results in the fact that this component ceases to exist and is replaced by air. However, the thinker stipulates
Introduction The Lyme disease is caused by bacteria of the Borrelia genus (Stricker, 2007). It is upon transmission, by hard-ticks to man that the bacteria cause pathophysiological changes in the body, causing illness. The symptoms of the disease are mild in the early stages and severe in the chronic form of the disease. The controversies and my opinion The film ‘Under Our Skin’ was directed by Andy Abrahams Wilson in 2008. It brings out the mystery behind the Lyme disease and the flaws in the healthcare industry. Some physicians are caught practising unorthodox procedures to treat chronic Lyme disease. The film also captures systems failure in Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), which was found to have guidelines on the Lyme disease that were not valid. The film brings to the fore the interplay of science, politics and microbiology. There has been a general agreement on the effectiveness of therapy used to treat early Lyme disease (Wormser et al., 2000). However, there have been disagreements on the usefulness of antibiotics used to treat chronic Lyme disease. The long-term use of antibiotics has been linked to adverse effects, but disputed by others (Stricker, 2007). The opponents argue that long-term use of antibiotics has no therapeutic value to patients suffering from the Lyme disease. Interestingly, the proponents of the long-term use of antibiotics have no scientific evidence to support the benefits of the therapy. These disagreements are impeding the process of developing a remedy for the chronic Lyme disease which has debilitating symptoms. Insurance companies stopped healthcare insurance for the Lyme disease on recommendations from some physicians. The physicians believed that treatment for the Lyme disease with antibiotics was only effective for the first month. Misdiagnosis of the disease has been attributed to huge financial costs (Sigal, 1996).
“ Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you’re allergic to, such as the venom from a bee sting or a peanut. The above text is literature taken from a reliable health internet site which may be alarming to parents of very young children who are out of their sight and care some parts of the day while they are away at school. Parents of highly allergic children are the most concerned, as mere contact with the allergic substance may trigger a life-threatening situation for their child. Because of the seriousness of this threat, the parent handout I designed was meant to remind parents of the Egg and Nut Free Policy in the community preschool which was raised due to several children’s allergies. It encourages them to think twice before dropping just any convenient snack in their children’s lunchboxes. They know that everyday, the staff communicates to them the message of upholding health and safety standards to the highest levels to protect their own children from harm. However, since parents are busy with other daily concerns, it is likely that they forget and just grab whatever they can to fill up the children’s lunchboxes. With this handout, parents may place it at a site visible to them like the refrigerator door so they get to view possible choices for their children’s diets. The parent handout I have designed may look too “paranoid” or “over the top” for some readers who may not be aware of Anaphylaxis because it seems to dwell too much on the details of a simple snack diet of young children. On the other hand, listing the suggested snacks which are pre-packaged and convenient to send to school is very helpful for busy parents who may rest assured that their children are eating safe and healthy foods. This in itself gives much value to the material I designed. The handout communicates that the school is ensuring the health and safety of all children and not only of those with special allergies. Sims (2002) suggests that one of the core features of a family centred practice is that services should be based upon the needs & interests of individual families. However should the interests of these individual families affect the whole population of the school, then services must support the welfare of all. In this case, promoting a healthy, allergy-free diet and school practices are put into place. The community preschool policies reflect a very fami
Effective Assistance of Counsel is a fundamental concept of the rights of the accused. It is guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. In essence, this rule dictates that each person can be sure that their interests are protected by their attorneys. Subsequently, it is the duty of the attorneys to ensure the adequate delivery of justice, which includes informing their client about the costs associated with the court. The absence of the breakdown of the courts’ costs in Anna’s case constituted an infringement on her right to the effective assistance of counsel. First, the attorney violated the law because they did not inform Anna of the necessary fees. Anna was not able to afford her own lawyer, neither was she capable of paying for the guilty plea. The attorney has the responsibility to know the background of the client, including their employment and financial capabilities (Henderson and Lora 24). As Anna could not afford to pay, it is reasonable to conclude that the attorney either did not inform her or did not inquire about her employment. Second, effective assistance of counsel was compromised by the lack of sufficient client involvement. Henderson and Lora argue that the more the attorney engages the client, the more effective assistance of counsel will be (37). In this case, there are two indications that Anna was not involved: first, neither she, nor the attorney saw the breakdown of costs. Second, Anna did not know the consequences of pleading guilty. As a result, Anna was not involved, which indicates the attorney’s professional incompetence. Altogether, there are two arguments for the attorney failing to provide effective assistance of counsel. First, they did not inform Anna about the costs of pleading guilty. Second, the client’ involvement was not sufficient for the adequate delivery of justice, which manifested in the ignorance of both Anna and the attorney towards the costs for pleading guilty. Subsequently, Anna’s indebted position is the result of ineffective assistance of counsel. Reference Henderson, Kelsey S., and Lora M. Levett. “Plea bargaining: The influence of counsel.” Advances in Psychology and Law , edited by B. Bornstein and M. Miller, Springer, Cham, 20