ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A crime is a crime no matter how it is committed or who commits it. People who indulge in criminal activities should pay for the crime they have committed. This does not necessarily mean sentencing them to jail. Discussion Women who are non-violent offenders should not be treated differently from their male counterparts. Though most women who indulge in crime, at times do it to provide for their children, it is not enough reason for them to be treated differently. This is because women who indulge in any kind of offenses are generally not a good influence on their children, neither are they an asset to the community. This means that they should not be allowed to access their children or become part of the community until after they have fully reformed. Research has shown that most people who are first-time offenders, sentenced for a short time and then freed, are usually the same people who are arrested a second time and sentenced for committing even worse crimes. This shows that jails do not in any way reform criminals but instead, make them worse than they were before imprisonment. Due to these reasons, non-violent women offenders should either be put in rehabilitation centers where they can truly get reformed. In addition, they could be assigned to probation such that they will always have someone monitoring their activities. It would be better to put women offenders in a community-based program where they can receive counseling on an individual basis. The finest programs merge supervision and other services to handle an array of aspects that female offenders require, in an extremely structured and secure surrounding where each one is accountable for their actions. Community service in form of probation can also be beneficial. This could be achieved by allowing women to spend time feeding the hungry and homeless or reading stories to children with terminal illnesses in hospitals. These activities reach and enhance their emotions, which would eventually enable them to transform their habits. The whole point of taking all these measures is to make these women become better mothers. Therefore, even if their children are taken away from them, they would still get them back once they have fully reformed. Children born to mothers who are in such rehabilitation programs should be put under foster care until their mothers can take care of them without them posing a risk to their well-being. This does not in any way violate the mother’s rights because they still have a chance to be with their children once they are fully reformed. These programs are effective and are meant to safeguard the maternal roles since they are done with the interest of both the mother and the child at heart. Conclusion Jail has never been the best place to reform wrongdoers and therefor
Ensuring effective communication between care providers is essential to preserving patient safety and achieving better treatment outcomes. In the contemporary healthcare context, teams are interprofessional, meaning that care providers must promptly pass information about patients, their conditions, and diagnostic tests to prevent harm to patients and achieve treatment goals (Foronda, MacWilliams, & McArthur, 2016). Nightingale Community Hospital aims to provide patients with high-quality care and meet all the appropriate standards of patient safety. The present executive summary will seek to apply the National Patient Safety Goals to the practices of this institution to clarify its current compliance status. Then, a plan for compliance will be proposed to enhance the level of compliance and develop new practices through consistent improvement. Finally, a justification for the compliance plan will be developed based on research evidence and assessment results. Compliance Status The National Patient Safety Goals are a useful source of information for institutions wishing to enhance the quality of care delivered to their patient and ease the process of accreditation and certification. Nightingale Community Hospital seeks to meet all the National Patient Safety Goals to prevent harm to patients and ensure that care providers adhere to best practice recommendations in terms of patient safety. Nevertheless, there were some gaps identified as part of the assessment, which means that the current compliance status of the institution is not ideal. First, the recommended time of reporting critical results of diagnostic tests has not been achieved consistently over the year. Although the rate of 60-minute reporting has increased from 63 percent in January to 80 percent in December, there are still gaps that must be addressed to meet the NPSG for Communication. Secondly, the NPSG recommends developing written procedures for managing critical results that include definitions, reporting chains, and time limits. However, there is no evidence of these written procedures in the Nightingale Community Hospital. The two documents provided for review concern specific manipulations, such as site identification and verification and pre-procedure handoff, but a particular policy for managing critical results of diagnostic tests is absent. Thirdly, based on past survey results, the Hospital also requires improvements to prevent the use of unacceptable abbreviations. These could be supported by the development of written reporting procedures and thus also apply to communication compliance. Overall, the Hospital is only partly compliant with National Patient Safety Goal 2, “Improve the effectiveness of communication among caregivers.” This is evident from the lack of procedures for managing critical results of tests and diagnostic procedures, which means that the Hospital does not meet EP 1. Without written procedures, their consistent implementation throughout the institution is not possible, and thus, EP 2 is also not met
Technological factors Scientific inventions and innovations in Malaysia and the world, in general, have led to an improvement in technology; the new developments have influenced the way businesses are conducted within an economy and across borders. The influence of technology is both negative and/or positive; Quanterm Logistics on its part has developed new systems to facilitate international trade. Other than trade facilitation, there has an increase in the technological transfer where Quanterm Logistics services are contracted; when companies are transferring technology, software and hardware, the services of Quanterm Logistics are required, this has created a market to the company (Quanterm Logistics, 2011). On its part, Quanterm Logistics has embarked on technological advancement to ensure it can offer the best services to its customers. For example, it has introduced cargo-tracking systems where it can trace the direction of its tracks or other modes of transport. Other than the business line offered to the company; technological development has also posed some challenges to the company. This is mostly in electronic money transfer, mobile money transfer and internet fund transfers. This has resulted in reduced business. For example, Safaricom, a company owned by Vodacom and dominant in East African countries as mobile service provider invented mobile transfer service via the phone, in April 2010, the services were exported to Malaysia, China, and United Kingdom and are proving to be more efficient than Quanterm Logistics fund transfer services (Mun-Chow & Su-Fei, 2003) The improvement in technology has an impact on automobiles used by the company; there are fuel-efficient vehicles and there are moves to innovate electronic vehicles, the move is an advantage to Quanterm Logistics as it can reduce its operating expenses when it adopts the right technology. The development if communication technologies are offering a threat to some line of Quanterm Logistics business; this is so when it becomes to the line of letters and short messages; the messages where being sent using the company to different part but currently, a sende
According to Gottlob Frege, a puzzle about identity and the solution arise from the philosophy of language. The philosophy of language involves syntax, pragmatics, and semantics. The major problem is the string of words that leads to different definitions and explanations. The act of stressing words with quotation marks makes the words have different meanings upon utterance. A word may be descriptive. The technical utterance of words produces the meaning of ‘mentioned’ or ‘used.’ For example, expressing a word may have two analytical meanings. Frege uses signs that represent lines of intersection. The point at which the lines intersect reflects the actual knowledge. A name gives a reference to an object, and a single object can have several descriptive words. For example, President Obama has a description of the Commander-in-Chief of the US Armed Forces. The sense of language provides a comprehensive reference to a single aspect of the description. This implies that descriptions of sentences should be based on the references that are utilized to provide crucial information about a sentence. The expression of proper nouns provides the meaning of a singular term. The general term or phrase may produce a general condition that has grammatical meaning with semantic properties. The simple answer to puzzle identity lies in Millianism, as described by John Stuart Mill. Millianism has a different expression of different languages in order to have a regular behavior. The expressions present in signs show a coherent integration of sense and solution. Usages of words in an ordinary way have the intent of giving reference and sense. In report writing, the speech has an indirect reference that offers an indirect sense. The reference and sense give an internal image that results in memories that have external and internal meanings. The combination of different ideas results in the description of a noun. The common definition produces the perception of the individual mind. The knowledge is transmitted from one generation to the other, but with slight changes in the meaning of the descriptions. The description of Millianism offers a sentencing arrangement that is important in defining the reference of nouns. Giving synonymous names of identity assist in the description and giving sense. The expression of identity provides a reference to substitutivity that may have truth or false meaning. The solution of the Frege’s puzzle offers a direct sense of semantic and reference. The reference denotes a singular term where sense presents a singular term. An example of Venus pla
There exists a popular adage that argues that ‘leaders are born, not made.’ This adage, though used extensively by civilizations across the world, has been proved wrong by systematic studies, which have generated a body of knowledge and evidence indicating to the contrary. Today, more than ever before, the standards or criteria of what constitutes a successful presidency are within our realms, and we now know that many of these qualities are instilled through socialization and life experiences (Thomas & Crawford 11). It is the purpose of this paper to critically evaluate the criteria for a successful presidency from a citizen’s standpoint. A successful presidency must have a strong and clear mandate to govern the electorate (Steuerle para. 1). President George W. Bush’ second term at the helm of the US presidency is a stark reminder that a clear mandate is needed for one to enjoy a successful presidency. The president had just lost the popular vote to his competitor, Al Gore, but went on to win the Electoral College votes in an election that was largely viewed as controversial. Bush failed to achieve noteworthy policy changes during the last four years he was at the helm despite having all the state resources at his command since he couldn’t be described as a president for all American people. A successful presidency must be able to lead the citizens in all important facets of life. We have witnessed administrations, especially in Africa, that have ascended to power as a result of being politically correct, but without any leadership qualities whatsoever (Thomas &Crawford 25). For example, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, President Kabira transferred the presidency to his first son, who had no previous record of leading at any level. Several years on, the result of this irresponsible decision can be clearly witnessed as the rule of law has been eroded and replaced by despotic leadership. It is, therefore, imperative that the presidency is led by an individual who is a leader in his or her own right if any meaningful success is to be achieved. A successful presidency must be led by a strong-willed and charismatic president. Here, President Obama seems to capture the mood for this particular criterion. People will trust you more if they know that they can confide in you all their fears and anxieties, and keep their trust in you as their leader that you’ll help them achieve their stated objectives (Thomas & Crawford 127). This is what Obama used to win the presidency – strong will and charisma. Whether he leaves behind a successful presidency is subject to debate, but all indications suggest that he will be much more successful than many other former presidents. He has already succeeded in rallying American lawmakers to support the Health Bill, an immeasurable achievement that had eroded other U.S. presidents. The president must always have a strong will, that is, he must be an individual who can never be swayed by money, influence, or power. A successful presidency must be led by an individual with strong oratory prowess. Again, President Obama provides a good example about the power of speaking. The president must be someone with an immen
Summary Peppered moths can be found in the British Isles, Ireland, mainland Europe, and North America. Their natural habitats are forests, countryside, and back gardens. Moth larvae look like small twigs, allowing them to hide from predators. They can also change their pigment to blend in with leaves and trees. Winter is the pupal stage for peppered moths, so they spend the cold season in cocoons. Light-colored, light gray, or white. Dark-colored, black, or melanic. Natural Selection The Industrial Revolution was a paradigm shift in production. Production of items and goods by hand has been replaced by mass manufacturing in factories. The color change was a natural genetic mutation. It is Charles Darwin’s biological concept; those individuals with qualities that provide quick adaptation to external changes have more offspring and, as a result, drive the change in the whole population to successful survival. Coal air pollution in England in the 19th century made the environment for dark-colored peppered moths more favorable and degraded it for light-colored ones. It became easier for dark-colored moths to hide from predators, so their population increased significantly. Dr. Kettlewell An entomologist is a scientist in the discipline of entomology; these scholars study insects. Scientists make a prediction based on the available theoretical knowledge. They then test it and compare the observed result with the forecast made. Dr. Kettlewell observed, compared the results with the available data, and then ran two experiments that confirmed his hypothesis. He released pre-marked groups of moths into pristine and polluted forests. More dark-colored individuals survived in a dark forest than light ones, and vice versa for the non-polluted forest. Play the Game               Percent Dark Moths  Percent Light Moths Light Forest  0%                  100%                Dark Forest   82%                 18%                  Final Analysis The pigment of the moths hides or highlights them on a specific surface, which is the bark of trees. It is difficult for predators to find and catch dark moths hiding in the dark trunk. Conversely, light ones are an easy target for birds in a polluted forest as their color contrasts with their environment. Dark moths have more room to move, eat, shelter, and breed in polluted forests and therefore have a greater chance of survival. The clear forest is a natural habitat for two populations of peppered moths, with a significant difference in wing color between them. Light-colored moths have the advantage of being less visible to predators. It allows them to live longer and have more offspring. Eventually, the light-colored population becomes dominant as predators exterminate all the dark-colored ones. The best adapting population survives, and the appearance of all moths of this species in the light forest changes forever. Interbreeding a light-colored population with a dark-colored one would be the most likely outcome. It would lead to the appearance of individuals with mixed pigmentation. The absence of predators means freedom of m
Introduction Many definitions are used to describe industrial/ organizational psychology. According to Brain, industrial psychology is the process of using a psychological approach to explaining corporate behaviors and also formulating solutions that help workers in their places to work to increase productivity (p. 45). According to Marks et al, industrial and organizational psychology (I-O Psychology) involves the scientific study of employees, the workplaces they work in, and the larger organizations they work for (p. 37). He adds that I-O Psychology is critical in improving the performance of employees, and the wellbeing of stakeholders. Through research and analysis of behaviors and attitudes, organizational psychology is able to accordingly advise organizations on how they can improve through the human resource process of recruitment, learning, training, and development The Focus of Organizational Psychology The core focuses of organizational psychology are the groups in offices that critically need workplace psychology. The existing theories of psychology, research, communication, and intervention strategies are applied to these groups in and out of workplaces to help in organizational development. Organizational psychologists work with workers to solve their problems to improve interactions among themselves effectively improving productivity. It’s important to note that organizational psychologists are trained behavioral scientists who apply versatility to their work in light of the increasing interdependence between organizations and workers as well as society (Theron et al. 90). Additionally, there are problems in the workplaces that have been brought by factors such as increasing consumer awareness, government influences, shortage of the right skill in the job market, and the dynamics associated with the contemporary workplace. Another critical point to note here is that organizational behavior psychologists facilitate the solving of these problems and issues that affect organizations and their employees. Effectively, they facilitate the provision of advisory services for business, government, health and community organizations, and as well as academia. The knowle
Introduction Abortion is one of the most contentious issues in modern society and people hold polarized positions on the issue. The core concerns in the controversy are whether women should have the right to decide to terminate a pregnancy or whether the unborn child has the right to life. One professional group that faces an ethical dilemma when dealing with abortion is nurses. Nurses are the people required to provide comprehensive care to patients in various health care settings. They play a critical role in the healthcare industry and they are required to provide services without bias. However, just like the rest of the population, nurses hold different views on the morality of abortion. In the US, abortion is legal which means that nurses can be required to serve women seeking to actively end the life of an unborn baby at their place of work. The views on abortion are divergent among nurses. Some regard abortion as a moral wrong and feel that they should not be involved in this activity. Others view it as the right of the mother and hence do not have a problem assisting the woman seeking to terminate a pregnancy. Evidently, abortion presents an ethical dilemma that many nurses face. This paper will set out to discuss abortion in the nursing context with the aim of showing how nurses can deal with this issue without breaking the law and professional nursing ethics. The Legal Position The legal position on abortion in the country has undergone a number of changes over the centuries. Before the 19th century, abortions were not prohibited by the government and health care workers provided abortion services to the women who needed them. The deliberate termination of pregnancies was made illegal in the US in the 19th century. However, in spite of this criminalization, abortionists continued to practice illegally up to the 20th century. In the late 20th century, the government started to change its stance on abortion. In the year 1973, a decision was reached that abortion could be legally carried out in the US, although individual states were empowered to impose restrictions on the practice (Pazol, et al., 2014). The legality of abortion has some impact on the conduct of nurses. The law influences the moral perception of the citizens since laws reflect the values of the community. The current legal status of abortion suggests that the society accepts this activity. As professionals who are required to give health care services to the public without bias, nurses have a legal obligation to serve patients who require abortion services. However, the ethical position on abortion is not necessarily similar to the legal position. Peop