ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Bank Overview Qatar Islamic Bank (QIB) is an Islamic bank that was incorporated in the year 1982. It is one of the shareholding companies hence it provides most of its banking services with the principles of the Islamic culture. So, in this case, it is one of the Islamic banks which can only offer its services according to Islamic principles. The mission of the bank is to ensure that it has incorporated all the diverse financial needs to its customers and this is only achieved through the provision of both contemporary and also traditional products and this is in accordance with the Sharpie principles (an Islamic principle). So in this, it ensures that it has made accessible all the financial needs by most of its clients through providing a wide range of products and also services. It’s through this phenomenon the bank has been at a point to apprehend its set goals and objectives and also competing so well with the rest of the banks in the country. It has also the mission of ensuring that it has ultimately generated a good rate of return by most of its depositors. This is achieved through the high-interest earnings which can be earned by the deposits which are made into the bank. This is one of the ways it has used to encourage more clients to deposit with the Qatar Islamic bank. It also provides capital to most of the companies prior to going public. In this case, the company ensures that it has a wide range of loans that can be given to its customers so that they can be in a position to do their business. So, in this case, you find that so many people have been in a position to expand their business since they are in a position to get cheap loans from these banks. (Abdeen, and Shook, 2000). Al Bilad Bank on the other hand is a Saudi Arabia bank. It provides commercial banking services which include customers deposits, credit cards, loans, investment banking services which may include investment advisory, management, and in accordance with Islamic principles. So, the two banks in this case are Islamic banks. So, one of the major comparisons of the two banks is that they are both Islamic banks which are said to offer most of their financial services as per the conditions of the Islamic principles unlike the other banks which do not have any regulations as far as the customers are concerned. Al Bilad Bank was established in the year 2004 and this was as a result of the merger of the eight exchange money houses hence the mission for the bank establishment was to ensure that it has provided the Islamic banking services and also products as per the law of Islamic culture and principles. So, it is the second bank to be established under Islamic principles in Saudi Arabia. Now, through the paper, am going to try and compare the two banks. (Abdeen, and Shook, 2000). Th
Whiteness studies pertain to a controversial sector of studies that focus on the cultural, historical, and sociological aspects of white people and the white society. Since records have been maintained, the degree of whiteness of the person has been attributed as the symbol of social status through social construction. The field explores the various public and private privileges that are enjoyed by the people of the white race especially pertaining to the United States of America and Europe. The race is considered a social construct, with white people being the ones with the power structure. Most of the research, as stated, has already been conducted I the USA and UK pertaining to white studios. This research has been able to provide us with evidence of three main races in history, the white, the native Indians, and the blacks. Off these, the whites have been significant in holding positions of power and higher social status, while the Native Americans were forced into genocide by the whites. The blacks, however, have been synonymous with slavery also at the hands of the whites who brought them in from Africa to the world as slave labor on plantations in the United States. The black enslavement was characteristic of the colonial times when both the United States as well as the United Kingdom had colonies around the world. ON the same note, the indigenous Australians have also been marginalized at the hands of the British colony of Australia. As a result of the establishment of the racial differences in the society, conflicts and debate arose on the fairness and the long-term feasibility of the
Introduction The Best Buy Company has been in existence for over half a century in America. In the recent past, the electronics retail chain has expanded its market niche to Canada and at present own over 900 stores across America and Canada. The company has grown over the years until the 2005 when the growth begun to decline following the introduction of the customer Centricity marketing by the company CEO. The poor performance of the customer Centricity strategy has been attributed to serious competition from Circuit Cirt, Wal Mart,Costco among others who seem to have copied the company’s strategies and have successfully in implemented them. Specifically, these competitors are poaching the company’s best sales persons and are away ahead in offering customized services to their clients. Currently, the market share of the company in the US and Canada is 20%. Though the customer Centricity strategy is healthy, the implementation process was poorly organized and hurriedly integrated in the marketing structure despite the sentiments of the sales staff. Besides, the CEO’s proposal on customer Centricity did not include finer details of implementation modules and success reporting in the face of other business dynamics that did not have anything to do with the customer’s demands. For instance, the expansion strategies adopted in the year 2005 were poorly informed since proper research on their viability had not been done. Coupled with the market economic climate swings, the company is facing the fear of possible breakdown from stiff competition. Due to competition and customer changed preferences, the current financial performance in terms of sales is very dismal. In addition, the poor communication system between policy makers and implementers have affected the marketing strategies for the company as the sales support team seems uninformed on the scope and requirements of successful sales. Due to the customer Centricity strategy, the sales support team are given little attention to contribute creative input to the complete scientific management system of the company. Analysis of financial strengths and weaknesses Financial records provide a potential investor with a narrow insight into the financial strengths and weaknesses of the company because reported values do not give an in depth description of the performance of an entity. Financial analysis breaks down the financial data into various components for better understanding. The ratios will focus on the profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and gearing of the company from 2002 to 2004. The analysis will also entail coming up with graphs to show the trend of performance over the five year period (Eugene and Michael 176; Atrill 56). The table below summarizes the financial highlights of the company between 2002 and 2004.                    2002    2003      2004    Revenue            17,711  20,943    24,548  Percentage change          18.25%    17.21%  Operating income   908     1,010     1,304   Percentage change          11.23%    29.11%  Net earnings       570     99
It is imperative to find a mutually acceptable solution to provide assistance and a permanent home for Palestinian refugees. The failure to address this problem inevitably creates a negative perception against Israel and other Arab nations that have direct and indirect impact on the said crisis. Israel and its neighbors need to create a positive image in the international stage. At the same time, a quick resolution to the crisis is needed, because terror groups utilize the human drama surrounding the plight of the Palestinian refugees to attract new members, and to encourage terror attacks against Israel. The best way to solve the crisis is to analyze the problem through an International Relations framework, such as, the application of knowledge gleaned from the study of the international system. What Causes the Crisis? The crisis was caused by the ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict that displaced millions of people in the region. According to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, one third of the registered Palestine refugees or 1.5 million individuals were scattered in at least 58 Palestine refugee camps located in Lebanon, Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Gaza strip, and the West Bank of Israel (Stewart, 2013). The said UNRWA agency defined the status of the Palestinian refugee as an individual whose normal place of residence was a region called Palestine, in the period between 1946 and 1948 (Stewart, 2013, p.12). During the Arab Israeli conflict that ended on the 15 th of May 1948, at least 750, 000 refugees were uprooted from their normal place of residence, and they were scattered in the said refugee camps. The survivors and the descendants of the less than one million original refugees multiplied and grew to five million individuals (Stewart, 2013, p.12). Without a doubt, it has become a human rights crisis that has without precedence in world history. According to an international humanitarian group, recent statistics about the refugees are disheartening. For example, in Jordan close to two million refugees were registered in the database of the UNRWA (IRIN, 2015). In
The information obtained from the interviews suggests that Mr. Joseph is aging successfully. To a great extent, he meets the criteria for successful aging. First, he is satisfied with his past and expects his future to be good. He believes that each day is a gift and that one should enjoy life to the fullest. Secondly, he has a meaningful value system. For instance, he believes that honesty defines an individual. He hopes that his children and grandchildren will become honest people. Moreover, he is a religious man and he believes that it has helped a lot. Thirdly, he continues to maintain a meaningful social system. This is evidenced by his great sense of belonging. He lives with his grandchild. His children also take care of him. He also values the fact that his wife is still alive. Finally, he maintains a great sense of self-worth and dignity. He also has a positive self-concept. He believes that his health is good because he does not suffer from any chronic illness. He has a realistic perspective on his present and future health. He believes in seeking medical attention when necessary. However, he complains about the loss of financial independence. It appears that this does not bother him so much because his children and grandchildren are willing to help him. Parameters that can be used to evaluate successful aging include financial security, independence, absence of chronic illnesses, and ability to establish and maintain relationships with family members and friends. Mr. Joseph appears to have met the criteria to some extent. Aging individuals may experience similar challenges regardless of where they live. Similarities between elders at home and those in hospital revolve around normal physiological changes. As we age, our cells, tissues, and organs get worn out. This leads to both structural and sensory changes. Sensory changes that all aging individuals experience include reduced visual and auditory acuity. Structural changes include loss of lean body mass and wrinkling of the skin. These changes can be found in both hospitalized and community-dwelling elders. The notable differences between Mr. Joseph and hospitalized patients include a positive attitude towards life and unique adaptation characteristics. In the current case, the elder has a meaningful support system that helps him have a positive attitude towards life. It is common for elderly individuals to overly focus on death. Elderly individuals who live at home tend to have social, psychological, and financial satisfaction. From the differences and the similarities between hospitalized and commu
Introduction: A Retrospective Into the History of Torture and Terrorism There is no secret that in the Middle Ages, when torture was a common practice, such harsh and inhumane measures towards the imprisoned were applied not because the people of the Middle Ages were heartless compared to the humanists of the XXI century, but because in the XII-XVII century, it was less than unprofitable – it actually meant throwing the state money away on feeding and dressing the prisoners. By spending the tax money on the prisoners, the person at the helm (i.e., a king, an emperor, etc.) would have little to no financial resources left for the rest of the fields, such as education, industry, armed forces, etc. Of course, it would be wrong to deny the existence of prisons in the Middle Ages; however, the purpose of these prisons was a tad different from the prisons of the XXI century: “During the Middle Ages, prisons were intended not as places of punishment but rather as places of detention for people awaiting trial and for criminals who could not pay their fines” (Kleinhenz 271). Compared to the Medieval Age, modern society definitely has more opportunities for allowing people to mend their ways and try to become decent members of society once again. It can be argued, however, that prison changes people and, for the most part, blocks their way to have a well-paid job; yet tortures and the resulting painful death do not serve any purposes except for using the prisoner and then getting rid of him/her. Therefore, the question is whether it is more reasonable to use tortures as the means to receive the required information from the prisoner or to make the ultimate punishment for felonies remains open. Terrorism is also rooted very deep in history. According to the existing data, the first terrorist act ever took place in Palestine by the so-called Zealot sect of the Second Temple Judaism (Chaliand and Blin 55). Although much water has flown under the bridges since then, the concept and purpose of terrorism remain the same; it is still considered the final resort for a group of people fighting for a specific political cause. Concerning the Key Arguments Pro and Con: The Right Choice When speaking of such phenomenon as torture, one might find hard times believing that there are
Tourism is the sphere of business which is rather old, but it became be very profitable for the last 20-40 years, as people began to be interested in other countries and want to see as much as possible during their lives. The spread of information adds to this desire. The increase of tourists leads to the increase of the tourism facilities which are irreplaceable, such as hotels, transportation, excursion specialists, and others. Hotels are the main facilities in the tourism business, as the first impression from the country is the place where the person is going to live. Intercontinental Hotel Group is one of the biggest and luxury hotels chains in the world. Intercontinental Hotel Group springs from William Bass, who first organized the chain of breweries in the United Kingdom in 1777. The further life of breweries continued till 1989, and then, following the legislation which forbade such places, the breweries were reconstructed in the chain of hotels, which continued to develop and grew in the biggest chain of international hotels (Page 125). Intercontinental Hotel Group contains more than 3,500 hotels and about 535,000 hotel rooms in more than 100 countries of the world (Bardi 131). Providing some research in the sphere of hotel chains, which can compete with Intercontinental Hotel Group, it was discovered that there is a lot of companies, which possess the same experience. The to
The article is authored by Carey Benedict, and it focuses on the impacts of violent games on the behaviors of their players. According to the article, although violent games increase the levels of hostile behaviors (albeit mildly) among their players, they only constitute one contributing factor. Consequently, there is no concrete research that proves that violent video games are the only causes of violent acts among their players. The article continues by using relatable social examples in order to form a connection between violent gaming and social behaviors. The author first fields some scientific experiments that deal with this issue and then cite other experts in the field. The article concludes that the effects of violent games on social behaviors are often misconstrued. The author uses various approaches when forwarding the evidence that supports his assertions. First, the author utilizes the views of various researchers to support the premise that video gaming has only mild effects on social behaviors. One of the researchers who are cited in this article is Michael Ward, a scholar from the University of Texas. The research from Ward and his colleagues is used to indicate that the sales trends of violent video games do not necessarily coincide with those of violent crimes. The author also uses raw data from various research studies to support the article’s thesis. For example, the article cites how a group of test subjects was allowed to play some popular violent games (“Mortal Kombat” and “Deadly Alliance”) and later exhibited a higher rate of aggression (Carey, 2013). The raw data approach is of importance because it proves the article’s thesis through the input of collaborators. Another example of outside research that is featured in the article is from recognizable institutions of higher learning such as Canada’s Brock University. This tactic gives the article’s subject matter a global perspective. Another way that the author uses evidence to support his assertions is through the reliance on popular media. The author uses research together with examples from popular media in order to get through to the readers. The core element of the article’s research shows the correlation between violent games and real-life examples of violence. For example, the author cites popular incidences of school shootings and well-known videogames such as “Deadly Alliance” and “Mortal Kombat.” The inclusion of popular references in the articles enables readers to investigate the author’s evidence on their own terms. The usage of evidence is signaled through various means. For instance, the author gives the credentials of the researchers whose work is cited in the article. One of the cited scholars is Dr. Ward, and the author gives his researcher’s credentials as part of “European Economic Research” (Carey, 2013). The usage of chronol
Identify the Various Complexities of Judicial Review Judicial review is a complex process and does not only involve a person deciding whether to file or not file a case. Judgment can be made based on several factors without necessarily going to the courthouse. When cases are filed in the courts, one of two things may happen; they may be conveyed back or returned for clarification. Judicial review is seen mostly as a dialogue over needs of law amongst the courts and leaders in legislative and executive arms rather than making of final decisions. Cases especially in the public law often involve at least two or more people or organizations. This is more so particular when the case is on public law policy. This can be partly be explained by the use of judicial proceedings as an involvement group tactics. Besides the specific views of involved groups there are broader concerns. Reaching an understanding between an authority and a person with an interest is different from serving public interest. This problem usually occurs during times of deregulation or sometimes when talked on alternatives are preferred to application of regulations. The process of group agreeing with a developing dispute on administrative action is usual. This is true particularly when it is clear the case will have substantial impact on public policy. At the government level, the agencies (government) rely on the Attorney General’s Office to have legal interpretation and representation. Sometimes this places the Attorney General’s interests at opposing sides with those of governor and or government agencies. In addition to the disputes over statutory representation, lawsuits given for judicial review of government actions usually bring about arguments in the political arena. Therefore, the judge ought to be aware of the political controversies that are brought to him (Cooper, 2007). Identify the tasks that make up the role of the judge in reviewing agency decision There are various things besides the ones set by the APA that a judge should keep in mind while analyzing agency decision. One, the administrators should be kept within the law and opinions should be effective as well as solid. Second, there should be management of cases that may find their way to the courts. A strategy should be in place to deal with agencies that may be conflicting. Lastly, there should be no preference in making of decisions as well as thorough review of governmental acts and misuse of power by the judiciary (Fulford & Southey, 2004). Identify procedural roadblocks to judicial review The procedural roadblocks to judicial review include the suit being presented to a board that has the power to decide it and then being set for evaluation and inclusion of the correct parties. Finally, the query of whether the adjudicators will use their prudence in construing the procedural systems to obstruct the case should be considered. A law suit can be appropriately brought in a quad that has authority. This means that it has the jurisdiction to decide on the matters
Introduction I am of the opinion that psychodynamics play a more crucial role in fueling conflicts and thus is more central in Conflict Analysis or resolution that other factors. In this paper, through relating psychodynamics with all the other factors, I want to show that all the other factors are important; however, I believe psychodynamics are central because they determine the personality of the individual. Nonetheless, even as I assert the centrality of psychodynamics as a core factor, I appreciate the poignancy of the other factors i.e. conflict style, culture, social identity, communication and power. It is the position of this paper that all other factors are important, however, related issues have to be traced back to an individual’s psychological disposition. The individual’s or society’s collective psyche is determined by many factors but psychodynamics come central when explaining how individuals or society at large respond or reacts to issues. Centrality of Psychodynamics in Conflicts Efforts to explain human behavior scientifically can be traced back to the mid 1800s (Levy & Ablon, 2008). According to Freudian psychology, human behavior is a function of both conscious and unconscious choices. The conscious and unconscious choices are determined by the mind, ones personality and his or her general psyche. There are three key parts or elements to an individual i.e. the id, the ego and the superego. The three elements are largely formed or influenced during childhood. The battle between the emotional forces i.e. the id, the ego and the super ego that determines action choices by individuals. Psychodynamics are important in explaining emotional balance in individuals (Levy & Ablon, 2008). From early thinkers to more modern thinkers, there is relative agreement that individuals seek wholeness and oneness. Individuals have psychological needs and do everything with the aim of achieving emotional balance. Understanding psychodynamics is important in Conflict Analysis. It helps towards being able to identify behavior and anticipate behavior. Such understanding will help toward communicating appropriately and thus resolving issues. Psychodynamics helps towards individuals being able to deal with their own internal challenges or conflicts. By so doing, individuals are able to deal with others resourcefully without forcing their reality on them. To appreciate the centrality of psychodynamics in a conflict, one has to look into happenings in prewar German and Europe at large. Most European leaders were egoistic