ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What is the role of the women’s desire to build a career in the modern institution of marriage and how does it impact the attitude to love and family creation in general? It is obvious that many women in the modern world have changed their attitude to business and to family due to the shift of the roles in the society. Nowadays, women are not considered as housewives and one of their main priority is to build a career. Many women are ready to create a career and devote their lives to it without being married. Marriage becomes the business affair for many of them. Love and other specific items become unvalued. The role of women’s career in the modern institution of marriage is great as many women prefer to refuse from crating a family in favor of career. Remembering the principles of marriage some years ago, many families were created on the basis of the financial agreements, women were to stay at home and cope with the house and children. Moreover, women were dependant on men and did not have the right to obey them. The possibility for women to become equal with men in the business sphere has created the desire to dominate in the family (Coontz, 2005). Therefore, considering the impact of the possibility of women to create the careers has impacted the institution of family greatly as now women do not feel the necessity to depend of men, they do not need financial support and the house responsibilities are boring for them; additionally, women do not hurry to get married as in this case they will not be able to build a career. A close consideration of each of the factors may show the following. The desire of a woman to build a career impacts the time when she wants to get married. Marriage is still associat
There have been amendments to the competition and consumer act (CCA) 2010 in the last 12 months. A new division, Division 1A, was inserted into part IV of this act. This division is about anti-competitive conduct provisions, which prohibits anti-competitive price signalling and/or any other related information. This amendment act received royal assent on December 6, 2011 and was incorporated into the CCA on June 6, 2012. It applies to the goods, services, suppliers of goods and services described by the law as warranting the prohibitions under subsections 44ZZT (1) and (2). The signalling prohibitions have been applied to the banking sector. Institutions under this sector are regulated as Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions (ADIs) and they are authorised by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) under the 1959 Banking Act (Australian Government ComLaw 2012). The goods and services, therefore, subjected to the price signalling prohibitions involve the depositing or withdrawal of money. Misleading or deceptive conduct is a kind of demeanour that is aimed at luring someone away from their main goal. For example, in advertising where a certain product is deemed to be very effective, in reality it is an imitation of another one. This misleads a customer from achieving their main goal, which is the product they are familiar with, and instead they buy the new imitated product at a low price. The presumption is that the effects derived from the new product are the same as those of the old product, but this may not be the case. Yes, General Stores Pty Ltd can sell its goods in this way because they are not misleading their customers as discussed above. Section 18 (1) of schedule 2 of the CCA 2010 stipulates that “a person must not, in trade or commerce, engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive” (Australian Government ComLaw 2012). The General Store Pty Ltd is thus not breaching this section because they do not give false information to their customers. Initially, the General Stores intended to sell the imitation of the more original form of the European tool at a low price. They outlined the charac
Ethics is a field of socio-philosophical research, within which morality is studied, expressing a particular sphere of supra-biological regulation of relations between people and the highest values and ideals of duty associated with it. Various ethical theories, including African, Native American, and Asian, have many propositions about human nature and ethics. While it is vital to remember that individual cultures have ethical concepts, there is a significant similarity between different traditions in that the ethical person is inherently humane. Confucianism originated in ancient China and is a holistic ethical and religious doctrine in which the issues of the moral nature of humans, family life, and government were central. Tivald (2018) notes that the main idea of Confucianism is the inviolability of the orders established by heaven in the Celestial Empire. The ethics of Confucianism proclaims the supremacy of good over evil, the peculiar moral law of which is humanity, philanthropy, humanity, reverence for relatives and elders, courtesy, and devotion to the state. Another of the most striking theories and cultural ethics is ubuntu. Ogude (2019) defines ubuntu as African ethics, which is understood not as a set of ethical orientations passed down from generation to generation, constantly developing adequately to the development of the human community. In ubuntu philosophy, the fundamental element of ethical orientations is considered a sense of community, which determines all aspects of the life of a traditional society. The main principles of Ubuntu ethics are humanity, the unity of people regardless of race, religion, and ethnicity, compassion, responsibility, orientation towards the public good, conscientiousness, and the ability to admit guilt. In turn, Native American philosophies are many and varied, though they share some appreciable commonalities. The indigenous peoples of the North American continent have long ethical traditions dating back thousands of years. Welch (2019) asserts that a critical pillar of Native American ethics is respect for others, especially elders. People are expected to honor and care for their elders and each other. Thus, the basic principle of all the above ethical theories is respect for others and humanity. The concept of humanity and humanism is based on the idea of human nature, to which all people belong. According to Human Nature (2021), this concept was a premise of Buddhism and Judeo-Christian thought. Within Buddhism, an existentialist and anthropological description of humans was created and the understanding that the same mental laws are valid for all people because the human condition is the same for everyone. In turn, the Judeo-Christian tradition, being conceptualized to the supreme creator and ruler – God, defined humans differently. One man and one woman are the ancestors of the whole human race, and these ancestors, like all subsequent generations,
Introduction Modern communication has greatly changed with the introduction of communication innovations and computer technology. The modern media plays an important role in providing information, ideas, and facts to the people. It enhances cultural heritage, family values, ethnic and minority rights, and self-actualization and promotes regional or national identities. With regard to the impacts of modern media on social organization, Innis argued that modern communication technology such as the printing technology causes a bias in people’s perceptions and social organization. Innis inspired McLuhan who emphasized the role of modern media especially the television in propagating collective ideologies in many social and cultural contexts creating a global village. The theories of both authors provide insights into the likely impact of modern media on culture and consciousness. McLuhan’s Perspective McLuhan’s views on the independent influence of the media are most popular and influential. McLuhan version on how the media works was different from Innis’ perspective. Accordingly, McLuhan argued that people use the same medium to process the same content or information and share the same interpretation and meaning through the principle of collective
Research Problem It has been established by various researchers that older members of society are losing their lives due to issues relating to hypertension. This is much discouraging considering the efforts made by all relevant authorities especially the government is trying to curb the problem. The purpose of this research is to point out the various risk factors for elderly people developing hypertension. As suggested by a report from a joint national committee on hypertension, currently about fifty million Americans are affected by hypertension while globally slightly above one billion people are suffering from the disorder (Wenyu et al, 2006: 2). This thus has been a health concern worldwide and more so, nationally, particularly for Americans. Additionally, it has been predicted that as the human population grows, the problem of hypertension will be much worse. For instance, a study carried out by Wenyu et al 2006: 43 examined HT in American Indians established the chances of developing hypertension are tremendously rising especially in the elderly. Studies previously carried out have consistently depicted that, hypertension is closely linked to heart diseases or disorders (Ostchega et al., 2007: 1060). If these hypertension risk factors for elderly individuals could be brought out clearly, then the nursing fraternity will be in a better position to adequately advise and treat members of society who are at risk of suffering from HT. Additionally, the findings will help affected individuals and those close to them to make a rational decision on how best to curb the problem in the future. Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to point out the various risk factors for the elderly developing hypertension. Similarly, the research will seek to find out how prevalent is the problem and the advantages associated with early and proper identification of the risk factors that make older members of the society develop hypertension. Additionally, establishing recommendations on how to address the risk factors is also part of the proposed study. The importance of the study is first linked to pointing out the major risk factors for hypertension. This will help them to re-evaluate lifestyles and adopt the one that will foster their lives. Similarly, nurses will have a clue on the same factors hence be in a better position in advising patients. Similarly, better strategies will be developed to curb the problem associated with hypertension. Lastly and more importantly, the research will lay the ground for further related studies. Literature Review Hypertension has been considered as a cardiac
What methods of cost allocation were used? After the merger of Western Hospital and Academic Hospital, their costs were managed jointly; the new facility adopted a transfer pricing and service department costing methods. After the merger, they operated some departments jointly while others remained independent; laboratory services were offered at Academic Hospital for both facilities and all the costs relating to the department were allocated to the costs heads appropriately and included in the final calculation of the department costs. When using direct costing method, all costs incurred to provide certain service in a hospital are put into consideration when determining the cost of a costing centre. In the case of Western Hospital and Academic Hospital, the laboratory services had their costs as; direct incremental costs in the form of labour and supplies costs, the cost was charged at Academic Hospital and amounted to $300. The second costs are overheads that amounted for $90 at Academic Hospital. over and above the costs incurred, Academic Hospital making a profit of $6 per laboratory service. If a laboratory service was offered on behalf of western Hospital, Academic hospital charged the service to the Western Hospital. How were cost centres determined Cost are determined using cost drivers and cost centres; in the case of Western Hospital and Academic Hospital, cost centres were determined using direct allocation method; this is where the cost of a service is attributed directly to a certain service; when charging for the service total costs are independently considered. When determining the cost to charge a patient using the cost centres established, the quoted price is inclusive of the profit margin that a particular section of the whole facility has. In this case, we have the laboratory service department as one of the cost centres that will be used by both hospitals; when they are determining the cost to quote for customers or to transfer to sister company, they include all the costs incurred when providing the service and add a profit margin. The hospitals when considered independently can be considered cost centres on their own since at the end of the day, they will have to account for expenses incurred in provision of medical services. How would fixed and variable costing differ in this situation? Fixed costs are incurred whether a facility has been used or not; whereas variable costs are dependent on the usage of the facility; in the case of hospital costing, fixed costs include rent, licences, legal fees and general maintenance costs. Variable costs are overheads like nursing service, doctor fees and medicine packaging costs. The main difference between fixed and variable cost is the certainty of their occurrence, at any one time a hospital facility can be assured that it will incur some fixed costs but variable costs will be dependent to the number of patients requiring the facility service. Laboratory services department fixed costs after the merger were incurred at the expense of Academic Hospital, the costs only passed to Western Hospital if Western Hospital utilized the
Introduction Unlike in the past, people are now increasingly becoming aware about ways that they could use to keep the disease-causing germs at bay. Airtight doors and windows, anti-bacterial soaps, strong antibiotics, and vaccinations have been developed to keep these germs at bay. Majority of the people, especially in developed countries are aiming at cleanlier lifestyles. But according to Bloomfield et al. (2006), while living a germ and dirt-free life can thwart some of the life-threatening infections and diseases, leading cleanlier way of life can be related to an observed increase in allergies among the little children. In a layman’s language, this is what is referred to as the hygiene hypotheses. Before we developed all these instruments of fighting germs and dirt, our bodies had a natural mechanism of fighting the germs. This was in the name of a strong immune system. This is no longer the case. Due to the tendency to live cleanlier lifestyles, our immune systems tend to develop more allergic tendencies rather that fight infections (Liu & Murphy, 2003). According to Norton (2008) and Singer (2008), hygiene hypothesis comes about when non-exposure to allergens, germs, and parasites weakens the human immune system and increases individuals’ vulnerability to allergic infections. According to Gibbs et al (2004), the concept that non-exposure to infections in early life leads to the development of Atopic disease has come to be referred to as hygiene hypothesis. Braun-Fahrlander (2002) has attempted to relate the lower prevalence rates of childhood asthma in Bangladesh, in relation to developed countries, to the hypothesis. According to hygiene hypothesis, western lifestyles, characterized by lower rates of infections, higher level of hygiene, and smaller family size have contributed to the high prevalence of asthma in Western countries. Brief History of Hygiene hypothesis According to Bloomfield et al. (2006), an article published in the British Medical Journal in 1989 by David P. Strachan first proposed the concept of hygiene hypothesis. An observation was made that some allergic infections such as eczema and hay fever were less frequent in children from big families. During this time, it was presumed that children from larger families were more exposed to infectious agents due to the size of the family, than in children from smaller families. This line of thinking brought about the hygiene hypothesis (Carpenter, 1999). From that time onwards, hygiene hypothesis has become a vital theoretical framework in the analysis of allergic disorders as it continues to be widely investigated by epidemiologists and immunologists. This concept has time and again been used by scientists to offer explanations about the high prevalence of allergic infections especially in developed countries since the industrialization era. According to Bloomfield et al. (2006), the concept has now been enlarged to include exposure to paras
Proper presentation of research findings is essential in determining the success of the research. There are several methods of presenting research findings. All the methods are tailored at taking care of the interests of the audience. Whether preparing research manuscripts to be published in a peer journal or for a grant proposal, experts use the same techniques. Nevertheless, they may incorporate distinctive features in each case. For example, when presenting findings to stakeholders on the success of a health intervention program, they may require to adequately cover specific health themes (Crosby, Diclemente, and Salazar, 2006). Health professionals ought to present their findings properly to communicate clearly to the audience. There are three key points that the presenters need to note whenever writing to persuade the audience. Firstly, he/she should understand the audience. Different audiences require different levels of presentation formality (Wilding, 2010). When addressing clients, for example, the presentation ought to be more formal than when engaging the internal control system of an organization. Notably, top managements need concise synopsis. Designers and vision implementers need to understand finer details. Knowing the participants by name also makes the presentation real. Whenever an expert reporter responds to questions from the audience by mentioning the correct names of the participants, the presentation becomes highly sensible and explicable. Subsequently, appropriate timing for releasing reports is of the essence. Timing does not only determine the content of the report but also its formality (Wilding, 2010). When carrying out more exploratory research and having no strict time limits, for example, one should mind performing detailed scrutiny and presenting the information in the best format possible. On the other hand, when conducting minor usability tastings during the research period, it is appropriate to present informal records of the findings and include design changes the team intends to make. Next, the presenters should conclude by guiding the audience on the next course of action. Some audiences become weighed down when they see lists of problems and recommendations. They then wonder what to do next. It is appropriate to guide them to start the journey of implementing the recommendations (Wilding, 2010). The three considerations are vital for creating an effective manuscript. Inadequate incorporation of the features translates into a lack of research success. However, understanding the audience is the most important consideration (Crosby, Diclemente, and Salazar, 2006). When one distinctly understands the culture, faith, beliefs, and aspirations of his/her audiences, chances of miscommunication turn out to be negligible. Proper communication is an effective tool for building the spirit of teamwork among stakeholders. Indeed, experience is the best teacher. Experience has taught me that understanding the audience is highly helpful in assisting experts to develop valuable research manuscripts. Re
Modern supply chains are very complex and they require advanced data processing systems to operate properly. This situation is partially the result of increasing mobility occasioned by interconnected transport systems in all parts of the world. A simple product may have components made in different parts of the world. The final product goes to different parts of the world using an entirely different supply chain. One of the weak links in any logistical system is the distribution warehouse. Warehouses serve as the points for breaking down bulk products into smaller units for distribution (Leeman 42). Therefore, the complexity of the operations of warehouses calls for the input of logisticians to help streamline their operations. This paper analyses the challenges faced by a warehouse operating in large-scale supply chain that covers several countries. It focuses on the problem of labeling and addressing goods correctly, and seeks to present potential solutions to increase the efficiency of the operations of the warehouse. Warehouse Management Issues The warehouse management issues of interest are those experienced by a warehouse that forms part of an international supply chain. The supply chain has several components. The logistical issues start when manufacturers produce products and then send them to the FTP Global Trading Company. The company is the main distribution agency that works on behalf of the manufacturers. The products leave the premises of FTP Global Trading Company via inland freight to an international freight hub comprising an airport and seaport for onward transmission. Importers from downstream countries receive their supplies from Brazil, which serves as the distribution hub. The products then go through customs before release to warehouses, which are the main bulk breaking centers. Thereafter, the warehouses coordinate the distribution of the products to retailers for home delivery. The path the money follows from these transactions is shorter. The consumers place orders for goods directly to the factory, and send the money to Brasil Bank, which wires the money to the UK bank account of the FTP Global Trading Company. The main challenge the warehouse faces in this supply chain is receiving, sorting and loading the goods for delivery to clients. The shipments arrive in bulk from the transporters, and the warehouse breaks the bulk and assigns each product to the correct buyer. This process has several challenges. First, the warehouse frequently deals with the problem of mismatched products arising from various parts of the supply chain. In some cases, the factories wrongly label products or make mistakes regarding t
The relevance and significance of communication technology in modern world is growing tremendously and its application in business is becoming more subtle to the users. In view of the tremendous advancements in communication technology, companies are bracing up to cope with the challenging demand that compels them to develop a dynamic staff who can keep abreast with versatility in communication technology. Since the relevance and significance of communication technology depends on convenience and clarity of conveying a message, companies should adopt means of communication that suite their clients. The diversity in the means of communications provides a robust choice that companies need in order to communicate effectively at different levels with clients. For effective communications and lucrative business to occur, companies should critically match the means of communication with their clients lest they lose them. Companies are losing potential and prospecting clients because of failing to adapt their means of communication to diverse clients. In the view of the fact that there are diverse clients, companies should customize their means of communication to meet unique desires of their clients.