ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Youth career choices can be affected by many factors, including individual preferences, local opportunities, parental expectations, and so forth. Cultural background can largely define the relative weight of these factors in the decision-making process. Individualistic cultures value personal success above everything else, while in the collectivistic paradigm, the individual’s contribution to the family or society matters the most. This paper aims at exploring the role of individualistic and collectivistic cultures in defining career choices and expectations for their youths and showing the differences between them. To study the influence of the different types of societies on young adults’ career aspirations, it is important to establish the distinct features of individualistic and collectivistic approaches to the issue. According to Akosah-Twumasi et al. (2008), “decision-making in individualistic cultures are based on individuals’ own wishes and desires, whilst in collectivistic cultures the primary objective is to optimize the group’s benefit” (p. 2). Hence, it is reasonable to suggest that career choices in individualistic cultures will rely more on personal preferences, while in the collectivistic societies, peer pressure and parental expectations can be the shaping factors. Young adults make their career choices based on the number of intrinsic, extrinsic, and interpersonal factors. The first type represents the individual preferences, the second considers the rational aspects, such as benefits and job security, and the third is based on the expectations of the family and friends (Akosah-Twumasi et al., 2018). In line with the previous assumptions, in a collectivistic culture, interpersonal factors should prevail over the others. The research has shown that in Croatian society, which has distinct collectivistic features, students rated importance to the community and helping others as the key points in choosing the career path (Wüst & Leko Šimić, 2017). On the contrary, these factors were low in priority to German students, who, on average, valued high income the most (Wüst & Leko Šimić, 2017). In Asian collectivist societies, students rate job accessibility and prestige as extremely important in comparison to American students (Akosah-Twumasi et al., 2018). It leads to conclusion that different extrinsic factors can define career choices in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures, while interpersonal aspects have a significant influence only in the latter. Globalization of the modern world results in cultural blending, and migrants often face the challenge of adapting to the new environment. According to Akosah-Twumasi et al. (2008), “migrant students might face a daunting task in negotiating their career needs both within host countries’ school systems and within their own family setups” (p. 3). Asian American youths tend to adopt intrinsic values as the most important in their career choices, while their parents
Self-realization is an important part of an individual’s life that is not always straightforward to achieve. At some point in life, many people tend to think about their purpose, and it is good if they have a clear image of what they should do to accomplish their mission in the world. It is much more complicated when people do not see their purpose clearly because this can cause an array of mental issues or sometimes be a reason for unhappiness. In some cases, however, a sense that death is nearing can clarify one’s mind about the matter. This essay will discuss the question of whether or not aware of one’s approaching death affects self-realization, and hypothesize that it does. It appears that an increasing frequency of reassessment and self-analysis furthers the understanding of the constituents of self-realization. In the book Intoxicated by my Illness , the author proposes that by approaching the end of his life, he became more conscious about human existence in general and his existence in particular. Indeed, it appears that in realizing one’s finite nature a person, one comes to question oneself about whether one has lived a good life and if one has accomplished enough to be “ready” to die. In the author’s case, he did not feel he had fully accomplished enough, but it made him “concentrated as a diamond” (4). What one can discern from this is that the awareness of nearing death sets a clear deadline that was previously invisible. Having no date by which one should achieve self-realization, at least to a certain degree, seems to make an individual less concerned with his or her purpose. On the other hand, the knowledge of the approximate date on which a person is going to die initiates a mental process of “connecting the dots,” as famously formulated by Steve Jobs (Stanford University). The awareness of imminent death also seems to enable people to seek closure and pushes them to fill the rest of their lives with the events and achievements that matter to them. There are widely known English phrases for the activities of someone who is soon to pass, such as “getting things in order” or “making final arrangements.” The notion of being prepared for what is to come is naturally linked to self-realization in the sense that people consciously try to achieve as much as possible in the period of life before life itself ceases to exist for them. Broyard mentioned in his story that prostate cancer made him finish the book he was writing, which is a vivid example of that (2). The desire to finish what has been started seems to be an innate mental feature that drives actions and differs from person to person. Self-realization may include child upbringing, career, self-development, or acquisition of traits or knowledge. All of these aspects often seem to be protracted, as there is rarely a deadline for them, yet death creates a deadline and makes an individual rush to complete them. On the other hand, there might be a religion-induced mindset that can incorporate a different understanding of self-realizatio
Method Obesity is a medical condition that remains a national healthcare concern. Obesity among children and adolescents requires extreme attention as such a state has outcomes that influence the future of an individual. In the United States, the prevalence of the disease among individuals aged 2-19 years is 18.5%, which means that 13.7 million children and adolescents are affected (Kornet‐van der Aa, 2017). The purpose of the study is to discover what factors lead to the development of obesity. It will do so by analyzing previous studies to explore the underlying processes and reveal the predisposition of its condition, focusing on children and adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds. Understanding the factors that lead to the development of obesity can help to influence the future well-being of the population. Obesity is associated with the early development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and hip replacement at a young age (Zylke & Bauchner, 2018). Moreover, obesity has psychological consequences, such as lower self-esteem and a biased attitude towards an obese individual, which can also impact the future worldview and lead to severe psychological issues. Additionally, obesity causes a financial burden; hence, the problem with obesity affects not only healthcare but also the government system, and prevention of it should be the field of interest for both parties. Knowledge of possible factors should help to create an effective way of preventing obesity among children and adolescents or establish a more efficient treatment and management plan. Research Method and Design Appropriateness Creswell and Poth (2016) discuss various approaches to the research methodologies and present five different types: narrative research, phenomenological research, grounded theory research, ethnographic research, and case study. Narrative research focuses on the individual, and it relies on spoken or written words. Hence, it collects stories from an individual to explore their life experience, or collects data from previous studies and re-analyses them. Phenomenological research is a type of qualitative research that focuses on the similarities in the studies group to reach an understanding of the specific phenomenon. Grounded theory is a research methodology that uses inductive reasoning, and it involves the establishment of theories through data analysis. Ethnographic research focuses on the interaction with participants, and researchers interact with them in their real-life environment. The case study focuses on the specific case that is being examined in detail. Approaches to research tend to be divided into two fundamental categories, though a third has recently emerged through the combination of the first two. According to Nestel et al. (2019), they are quantitative research, which attempts to analyze specific numbers using statistics, and qualitative research, which focuses mor
The element of planning is an essential centerpiece of Henri Fayol’s management process. In the textbook, the plan acts as an initial step that sets the overall dynamics of the following elements (Kerzner, 2019). It also determines the effectiveness of the organization and controls due to identifying the key factors (Bryson, 2018). In students’ experience, planning is a more delicate process that also consists of a number of sub-steps. It is critical to make several versions for the plan and assess each one of them for their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, the elements themselves require a great deal of organizing one’s thoughts and outlining objectives in order to increase the degree of the plan’s precision. One needs to analyze the scholarly literature in order to properly understand the current state of the issues at hand. According to the researchers, many top high-performing banks conduct the main planning process with high levels of CEO involvement in navigating the given stage (Ridwan, 2017). In other words, the role of leadership is paramount in ensuring that this particular element is done correctly, and the current issue is that leaders are not active participants. There are a number of methodological frameworks that can go in accordance with a planning stage. It is stated that the step also requires a rational adaptive approach, which improves the overall success of the operation or project in a wide range of dimensions (Papke-Shields & Boyer-Wright, 2017). Therefore, the issue facing managers is the requirement to effectively use a rational adaptive methodological framework within the element. In addition, it is critically relevant to identify procedures, norms, and underlying routines during the planning practice in order to jumpstart the action plan (Wolf & Floyd, 2017). The current issue is that managers might not be aware of the major components of the planning element due to the lack of up-to-date research (Wolf & Floyd, 2017). Therefore, the given element on itself can be broken down into smaller domains, which need to be integrated to boost overall effectiveness. As managers, they should be more aware that their involvement in the planning process plays a vital role in determining the overall success of a particular group or organization. Managers as a source of leadership need to guide the followers during this step because major objectives and goals might be overlooked by others. Therefore, leaders, as visionaries, should devise a plan around these aims, and they should not outsource the process to individuals with minimal interest. The plan should also be divided into simpler steps outlining routines and procedures. The rational adaptive approach needs to be used in order to increase the plan adjustability. Thus, in the process of strategic financial planning, the long-term business goals of the organization should be established. These are the target structure of financial resources, the volume required for the chosen s
Introduction Human history has been shaped greatly by three periods: The industrial revolution, the period of enlightenment, the French revolution, and finally the period of protest and revolution 1815-1850 (Mantoux 3-7). These periods were associated with great minds and discoveries that have continued to shape human actions. This paper discusses the four periods and associated changes over time. Industrial revolution The Industrial Revolution started in Britain towards the end of the eighteenth century. The most interesting this is that the industrial revolution led to the invention and discovery of many things that drastically transformed the production methods. It started with a shift from slower or manual as well as more costly methods of production to machine-based production methods that were quicker and inexpensive (Mantoux 1-3). Since machines were too heavy and expensive, they could be transferred into places of residence. Machines were housed in factories. This again brought a change in the working style of people, that is, they started moving away from home to factories. Since, the starting
Abstract Globalization has played a significant role in the world of business by allowing organizations to transact with little regard to national borders. This is so due to declining international trade barriers together with other international legal barriers that are opening the world to interact through trade more frequently. One such international trade organization is Union Carbide Limited, an American-based firm that established and operated a subsidiary plant in India for many years before a tragedy known as Bhopal disaster scuttled its operation in the country. However, what came out of that disaster were several ethical issues that the government of India, agencies of the government, the state government of Madhya Pradesh and the company abrogated. The disaster showed that companies could relax in key critical issues to do with the safety of the people, environment, and employees; however, such laxity may lead the firm to incur huge losses. Therefore, the ethical issues prompted the need for corporations to adopt corporate social responsibility policies to guide their operations. This paper looks at the Bhopal disaster ethical issues resulting from the disaster, the concept of corporate social responsibility, and the way it has come to dictate operations of multinational corporations in their international business. Corporate social responsibility, compensation systems As international barriers of trade become loose, MNCs presence in other nations, especially developing nations, became inevitable. As many praised activities of these international companies, it must not be forgotten that their negative effects continue to impact developing societies greatly. For example, one of the numerous criticisms leveled against MNCs in developing nations is that the inflow of FDI has contributed to the reduction in efficiency while at the same time stifling growth in the host country (Spero and Hart, 2009). The argument is that most MNCs tend to be oligopolistic, predating the local firms and limiting their production, maintaining artificially high prices and as such, earns enormous oligopoly rents (Spero and Hart, 2009). Despite earning a lot of oligopoly rents, the MNCs mostly fail to reinvest back in the particular nation but extract the rents through profit repatriation and straddling the growth of the developing country (Spero and Hart, 2009). Another argument is that most MNCs participate in blocking the national growth and economic prosperity by absorbing local capital instead of providing new capital. Also, they usually adopt inappropriate technology, create ‘bad’ jobs for the locals, conduct research in their home countries instead of the host countries, and mostly employ expatriates instead of the indigenous people of the host country (Spero and Hart, 2009). Lata and Kumar, investigating and writing about the impact of MNCs in Indian society, noted that MNCs had the responsibility to abide by the laws and rules of the host country, but most MNCs had ignored this fact. The position of the writers is that most MNCs had failed to suit to the needs of the local people and were totally disregar
Corporate social responsibility Faced by Apple Corporation Apple Inc. has been recently scoring poorly in the field of corporate social responsibility. Like the case of most companies, the corporate social responsibility exhibited by the company does not measure up to the standards exhibited by the other companies in the market. Several issues have affected the corporate image of the company over the recent past and therefore there is need to try as much as possible to restore the corporate image of the company. 1 Among the issues the company is facing is the corruption scandal in the year 2010 where the supply chain manager was arrested for allegedly receiving $ 1m from Asian suppliers as kickbacks for favors given to them. This brought a lot of public outcry about the responsibility of the company to the suppliers. Another issue that affected the corporate image of the company was the failure of the company to eliminate harmful chemicals such as arsenic, polyvinyl chloride and other harmful substances in 2007. Environmentalists and activists threatened to sue the company for failing to reduce emission of harmful substances in the environment. Another issue that the company is facing about corporate social responsibility is the series of accidents in 2006. There were 14 fatal accidents in total, which were associated with the failure of the company to act responsibly in its operations and procurement. The company was faulted for failure to put in place safety precautions in its activities that resulted to the accidents. These accidents resulted to loss of many lives and loss of millions of shillings. Due to pressure from environmentalists on environmental pollution, the company has incorporated eco-products, which implies the company is now producing environmentally friendly products. This entails manufacturing of products with fewer pollutants and recycling waste products rather than releasing them to the environment. Despite this action, the company’s corporate responsibility remains at stake. Another corporate responsibility issue is the use of social networks, community works and charity. The company has not been able to use the above to enhance its corporate image. 2 Short Term Action Plan for the Company to Improve on the Corporate Social Responsibility Issues Top down Involvement and Commitment For a company to be able to attain effectiveness in its corporate social responsibility strategies, it must ensure that there is top down involvement and commitment in the organization. A top down approach means the involvement of both the top management and lower level employees in the implementation of CSR str
Introduction Everybody would like to live his or her life to the fullest. Even the poorest people would like to enjoy their life at one time or another. This has made most of them look for all means possible to see that they have acquired all that they have ever wished to have in their life. This does not go without its limitations. As many low earning citizens are looking for means to acquire some of these goods, varied organizations have cropped up in the name of trying to help them realize their dreams. They do this by granting loans or giving items on credit that they are expected to settle in future. This implies that they will have to repay the loan with some interest. Main Body Most of these companies take the opportunity of low-income earners who are not aware of terms and conditions the services offered. This eventually leads to most of them failing to repay their debts or repaying with many difficulties. Some companies repossess their goods regardless of whether they had received partial payment from their customers. It is the responsibility of these companies to have prior discussion with these people to ascertain that the client will be able to repay the credit. They need to explain clearly all the conditions of their operations to their clients as well as the repercussions of failing to repay the debts. This will help customers in making wise decisions. With most of the companies being able to tell which customer can be able to repay their loans, they need only to offer loans to those customers they know they will be able to repay. For those not capable of refunding, they need to explain to them the cost of not refunding to eliminate the notion of being discriminated against. The companies also need to always disclose the interest rates and other charges that accompany their loans to help customers decide whether to proceed and take the loan. They also need to update customers regularly on status of loan repayment. Unfortunately, most of these companies have taken this chance to exploit their customers. For those who feel they cannot bear with the loans they had borrowed and request for cancellation, the companies keep on extending the cancellation period to ensure that they pay more interest (Hinds, 2008, para. 1-5). Byrider’s are not acting ethically. They take the advantage of their customers not knowing their terms of granting loans to exploit them. They have made some people part with more than twice what they had borrowed. This appears to be conspiracies within the company of making their deals appear attractive in order to trap people in their most hopeless moments. It is their moral responsibility to help those in need rather than exploit them. The company has also taken the opportunity of their clients being illiterate to exploit them. They rate their interest at a flat rate leading to the customers paying more. This is because they charge each month’s interest on the original amount they had lend the customer regardless of whether the customer has settled part of the loan. The company lacks transparency in its mode of operations by failing to disclose to the c
Canyon Ranch represents the health resort and spy industries. It should be noted that in this market, the bargaining power of customers is very high since these people are not very sensitive about the price, and they can easily switch to another company if they become dissatisfied with the services offered by Canyon Ranch. Secondly, Canyon Ranch is very much exposed to the threat of substitute services, in particular, one has to speak about the increasing convergence of spa industry and medicine. Moreover, many physicians recommend spa treatment as an alternative to the patient (Applegate, Austin & Soule 2009, p 171). As far as intensity of competition is concerned, we can say that Canyon Ranch retains the leading position among in this area, and very few companies can compete with them in terms of pricing or quality. However, this industry is growing at very rapid pace; in fact the total number of spa resorts increased by eighty per cent and this trend can lead us to the conclusion that the threat of new entrants is relatively high (Applegate, Austin & Soule 2009, p 168). The only force is going to have a positive impact on Canyon Ranch is low bargaining power of suppliers. Canyon Ranch can buy furniture, equipment, food from a great variety of companies which want to retain Canyon Ranch as their customer. For a very long time, the IT system of Canyon Ranch was focused on the property management. However, at the given moment this system fails to serve many of the organizational needs. For example, the management of Canyon Ranch knows very little about the purchasing decisions of their clients. Furthermore, the existing IT system does not include point-of-sale software that would allow customers to buy beauty goods (Applegate, Austin & Soule 2009, p 172). Overall, one can say that IT system is essential for effective customer management. It enables them to understand their buying preferences. Intelligence system can enable them to know what kind of services and products their clients will require. On the basis of these data, they can make their work more oriented toward the needs of their customers. In the future, information