ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Policy Proposal Public Policy Issue In health, public policy encompasses purposive decisions and actions intended to improve the outcomes of communities or populations. It is formulated to address emerging societal issues. Childhood obesity (BMI>30 kg/m 2 ) is a pervasive public health problem that can be addressed through policy interventions. Its prevalence has tripled since the 1970s, and it affects an estimated 33% of American children (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018). An unhealthy diet and low physical activity are the main etiological factors of this multifactorial non-communicable condition. Integrated policy actions to reduce the sugar/calorie intake through food labeling and marketing restrictions could help curb this problem at the national, state, or community level. Issue Selection The writer selected childhood obesity as a public policy issue because of its profound physical and psychological effects on children nationally. It causes stigma, low self-esteem, financial burden, and higher cardiovascular risk (CDC, 2018). Additionally, obese or overweight children are likely to suffer from obesity and related comorbidities in the adult phase of a person, resulting in additional financial costs to society. The financial burden is attributed to the high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and malignancies in obese children (CDC, 2018). Childhood obesity is considered a national epidemic; it affects 1 in 5 children and adolescents aged 6-19 years in 2014-2016 (CDC, 2018). Sugar-sweetened drinks and snacks are loaded with high calories that predispose children to obesity. A policy change to tackle modifiable risk factors that increase the intake of energy-dense beverages can yield significant per capita savings. Issue Relevance The high incidence rate of childhood obesity (one in every five youth) makes it an issue of significant relevance to the American public. In the US, the 2009-2010 data indicated that nearly 17% of the children and adolescents were at risk of morbid obesity with huge disparities among races and by socioeconomic status (Kristensen et al., 2014). Among the demographic groups, it was more prevalent in Hispanic children (21.2%) than in non-Hispanic youth (14%) (Kristensen et al., 2014). Moreover, overweight adolescents struggle with the condition into adulthood; hence, childhood is the appropriate period to control obesity. In this view, policymakers are mandated to develop policies with a broad reach to curb obesity/overweight in at-risk child populations. The scale of the impact of childhood obesity justifies its prevention through public policies. Obese/overweight children often suffer from stigma and low self-esteem (Sahoo et al., 2015). They are also predisposed to poor health outcomes related to complications such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases that increase outpatient visits (Sahoo et al., 2015). Thus, the effects of obesity are associated with higher health care costs. For these reasons, childhood obesity should be addressed through public policies to manage the financial burden of healthcare on American households. Federal or
This essay will start with the analysis of August Wilson’s Fences which was performed less than ten years after Death of a Salesman debuted. The film is often seen as a Black American play that is about the downfall of a white salesman who goes by the name of Willy Lowman. In all the two plays, there is a similar pattern observed where there is a decline of a patriarch of a single family. There are interesting father-son dynamics where these family members are entangled in melodramatic activities that culminate to entertain viewers. The two fathers of the different plays both commit adultery. Furthermore, the two characters try hard to achieve the American Dream. It became clear that the protagonist’s idea of the American dream takes center stage in both plays. The two characters, Willy Lowman and Troy Maxon, can get a lot of challenges and fences in their quest to achieve the American Dream. One common idea in the two plays, Fences and the Death of a Salesman is the father-son relationship. The true characters of the fathers and sons are seen in the actions that they undertake in their quest. Troy Maxson and WillyLoman have different methods which they want their sons to follow to achieve the American Dream. However, it becomes apparent that the fathers have tailored their values and beliefs in a poor way that hinders success. An illustration is this is seen when Willy Loman, who is the father of Biff, encourages his son to excel at football as opposed to getting good at his studies in school. This idea is ignorant and stupid, as his poor grades end up costing him his scholarship. In the other film, their background Death of a Salesman, Troy tells his son to drop football and leave his dream of an athletic scholarship so that he can work at the A&P store (pg 236). He loses his opportunity to study at a premium university for a low-paying job. This is nothing less than being ignorant and not seeing the bigger picture. It becomes clear from the start that Fences is a play that questions the legitimacy of achieving the American Dream. There is the general notion that everyone in America, regardless of their background, can achieve success. However, in the case of Fences, the patriarchal family has the perception and ambitions to go places, but the world is not in their favor as they face a plethora of challenges as they go about their business. First, the fathers of both children miss the mark of communicating this objective to their sons. According to Willy Loman, the success of the American d
The story is about four children. These are Vanessa, Buzz, Jane, and Carter. They are shipwrecked on an uncharted island in the South Pacific. This starts after a 5-day boat expedition in Hawaii is foiled by an unexpected storm. The new stepsiblings are caught in the middle of the storm as they try to abandon a ship. Their parents are away honeymooning in Hawaii oblivious to the danger to which their children are exposed. It was meant to be a family trip where the children would go fishing with their uncle as the newly married parents spent time together. Their uncle and first-mate get on the life raft, but the boat is blown away by the gale while they are inside. They are forced to make their way from the wrecked boat and head to the island with its numerous dangers. A wild boar charges at them even before they can find a place to settle. It badly scares them. They realize that their lives on the island will be a perpetual struggle for survival in a place where virtually anything can harm or even kill them. They are forced to learn how to survive with almost nothing, but a knife, two blankets, a pot ax, and a pillowcase. They also have a pair of pens, a book, and a backpack. Throughout the story, the author shifts the narrative perspective among the children as it becomes clear that basic tasks, such as looking for water, making fires, and even getting food, are becoming near life and death struggles. Each of the children is exemplified by unique strengths. For example, Carter is an expert in outdoor events. Buzz, who is the opposite, nevertheless has gleaned a lot from TV and has several helpful hints. It is evident that the writer has experience in marooned plots. He renders an intriguing account of the stranded children. The most outstanding feature of his storytelling technique is the vivid description through which the reader sees, feels, and even smells the island through the children’s perspectives. The chill of the sea breeze and the pain and thrill of climbing the hills are described in a very clear manner. The fear of being surrounded by wild boars in a place where your companions are the only humans around is very real for the reader. They learn very quickly that survival is not an individual game, but a team sport. Thus, they must back each other in every step of the way or end up harming themselves or each other. In this context, the children are less inclined to kill each other, which is a good illustration of the cooperation at times of need. They, however, have to deal with several interpersonal challenges as their personalities clash and they have serious disagreements. They have to decide whether water is more important than shelter. Although it is not initially quite obvious, they are forced to learn that they had to either work together as a team or perish. In the end, they manage to resolve all the challenges and hold together until they are finally rescued from being reunited with the rest of their family. The story teaches that perseverance is a critical attribute that persons should have to succeed in life.
Introduction In their operation, firms are affected by environmental changes which may either emanate from internal or external sources. Despite the changes, firms’ management teams have an obligation to develop their organizations’ internal strengths and at the same time exploit opportunities available. This purpose of this paper is to evaluate Virgin Australia’s internal and external environments. Analysis of the general environment Virgin Australia is likely to be affected by two main environmental forces which include demographic and social-cultural changes. According to Farabi (2012), demographic forces have significant influence on the airline industry. Currently, Australia is experiencing significant demographic changes which are evidenced by changes in the country’s population. For example, Generation Y which accounts for approximately 4.5 million of the country’s total population has a significant influence on the country’s spending patterns. Second, the country is also characterized by a large number of retiring baby-boomers who have large debt. Considering these changes, the country is likely to experience an increment in the rate of consumption in the future. The large size of Generation Y population presents a unique market opportunity for Virgin Australia to increase its sales by targeting this generation. With regard to social-cultural changes, consumers have over the past few decades become very conscious of the environment in their consumption process. Consequently, they are leaning towards environmental friendly products and services. This is likely to affect Virgin Australia’s operational strategy. For example, the firm will be required to invest in fuel efficient technologies in order to attract and retain customers. Degree of rivalry The degree of rivalry is one of the most important forces in the aviation industry (Gandellini, Pezzi & Venazi, 2012). This arises from the fact that the industry is very competitive. Virgin Australia operates in an industry that is characterized by intense competition which translates into a high degree of rivalry. In the course of its operation, Virgin Australia is focused towards development of a high competitive advantage. However, the degree of rivalry in the industry has over the past few years limited the firm’s quest to attain the desired level of competitiveness. To deal with the high degree of rivalry, the airline’s management team has invested in product differentiation. Virgin Australia has achieved this by enhancing the level of customer experience. The airline has invested in technological innovations that are aimed at improving both on-the-ground and in-flight services. Moreover, the firm has invested in new service initiatives. Another strategy that the firm has invested in an effort to develop customer satisfaction is employee development program. The objective of the program is to develop a workforce so that is customer focused ( Virgin Australia , 2012). High bu
Widely known facts about famous historical figures are not always true. There are many inaccuracies in the accounts of their lives. Anyone who passed an elementary-level history class is familiar with the names like Lindbergh, Franklin, and Revere but some of their achievements were reported wrong. Lesson Activities   * Step 1: Presentation uncovering the unknown facts about the famous people   * Step 2: Identifying the inaccuracies in groups   * Step 3: Discussion of the results   * Step 4: in-class quiz on the presented material   * Step 5: working on the article for a school newspaper to feature the most interesting facts Memory Acquisition at the Lesson The activities are designed in order for the students to remember the correct information. The process of acquiring new information includes the first part of the lesson with the focus on proper interpretation and encoding of the information. At the next stage, the information is retained displacing the old memories. The last two activities are connected with the retrieval of the newly learned information and work with it in order for it to move to the long-term memory. Motivation at the Lesson Students’ motivation to engage in the activities will stem from an intrinsic desire to learn new facts about famous people and outside rewards such as a good grade, peer recognition at steps 2 and 4, and publication in the school newspaper.
It was a unique experience for me to focus on listening to Baroque instrumental music. I chose to concentrate on the works by Francois Couperin, the French composer of the Baroque era (Tunley, 2016). During two days, I was listening to Vingt-Unieme Ordre and La Reine Des Coeurs to identify the key elements of Baroque music. The experience was interesting because I was able to concentrate on listening to concrete compositions and evaluate them in the context of the received knowledge regarding Baroque music. Therefore, I paid much attention to understanding dynamism and harmony in the discussed works (Martin & Jacobus, 2015). I have found that, in his works, Couperin combined the features of the Italian and French music that were typical of the era. He also used rhythmic motives and dynamic intervals that were characteristic features of Italian music to accentuate specific melodic patterns. Couperin also followed the principles of the homophonic style typical of the French music (Martin & Jacobus, 2015). The knowledge regarding the elements of the Baroque music in different countries allowed me to focus on finding these patterns in the compositions by Couperin. As a result, listening to music became a thoughtful process for me.
Introduction Discrimination is an aspect that is present in society, at various levels. Discrimination refers to presumptions about the competency of an individual. This prejudice is based on attitudes towards the group associated with an individual. This paper incorporates the subject of discrimination and the process of hiring new employees. The first challenge is choosing the sales manager involved establishing criteria for choosing a candidate who will execute the responsibilities of a sales manager efficiently. It was ensured that these criteria were not discriminatory in any form. Selection Process Karen is the best candidate for the sales manager position. This decision is based on her qualities and skills. She is a mature woman in terms of age plus experience in the sales division. Additionally, she is fluent in using the English language. English is recognized in the Atlanta culture as the official language. Karen has experience with fiber optics. Hence, she is conversant with the technology behind fiber optics. Her experience is vital as she is required to meet prospective clients and convince them to conduct business with the company. Choosing her for the job will also increase the number of female employees working for the company. This will improve the company records with reference to gender equity. The decision to hire her despite her marital status may be questioned. Karen is moving to Atlanta, where the company is located, as she is getting married there. It is perceived that married women offer limited time to their careers. Moreover, she will be starting a family; this can be hectic and mentally straining. This prejudice results in institutional discrimination against women tending to their families. Institutio
In the current public administration, new trends of managing the public development and affairs have been introduced. One of these improved ideas involves the concept of managing out the public sector. This is an area where the public gets involved directly in the management of the public sector. This is contrary to what happened in the old days where the government took full control of the administration and management of the public sector with few opinions from the public being put into consideration. Managing out has enabled the members of the public to be participators and contributors in the management of the sector rather than just being receivers. For instance, in Australia there have been a lot of advancements and technical changes in the public administration. Many processes have been introduced by the governments of Australia to support the managing out processes in the public sector ( Equity Crowd-funding 2013 ). ‘3 to 1’ crowd-funding is one of the processes used in managing out the public sector in Australia. This is a process that is establishing properly into the improved technology experienced in the world today. Its idea is based on the fact that many activities such as conferences, agreements, and payments can be made online. Crowd-funding is an activity that entails getting financial support from various parties and different levels of the community through such an online setup as platforms set for specific projects. Some of the available crowd-funding sources include Pozible and Kickstarter, which are use in Australia significantly. Kickstarter is attributed to the successful residential development and environmental project called the CitiNiche located in Australia ( Australian Public Service Commission 2009). On the other hand, Pozible is behind the 3 to 1 crowd-funding idea that has seen government agencies in Australia such as the ScreenWest being awarded. When analyzing how this initiative has been used in Australia to manage out the public sector, it is important to illustrate how the idea works first of all. It is also of use to highlight the benefits that come along with the process and finally discuss the challenges faced in its implementation. Steps Taken in the Initiative An Australian government agency that deals with filmmakers called the ScreenWest used 3 to 1 crowd-funding successfully in managing out. Through this, the government could support the film industry. Pozible is a crowd-funding platform started in Australian that was used in this case. The initiative ensured the film makers get an opportunity to create a page online where they can find donors to offer them financial aid in their projects. This idea is not restricted to film makers as even business persons with innovations or start-ups can use this platform to get financiers for t
Introduction Nurses play a crucial role in the delivery of healthcare services given their direct interactions with patients. Therefore, providing them with optimum working environments often translates into high quality of care and patient satisfaction. This paper discusses the findings of the article “Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic” by Pfefferbaum and North (2020). A description of the professional nursing experience regarding Magnet facilities is also provided. Covid-19 Pandemic and Mental Health The Covid-19 pandemic has caused high levels of personal distress due to the implementation of preventive public health measures such as curfews and social distancing. The uncertain disease prognosis, perceived susceptibility, financial losses, reductions in disposable incomes, and inadequate resources for treatment and protection of healthcare workers also contribute to this anguish (Pfefferbaum & North, 2020). Consequently, the mental well-being of the public and healthcare workers is at risk. Although health workers are well-equipped to provide mental care to patients and the public, their own psychological needs should first be met. Therefore, hospitals should monitor and meet the psychosocial needs of their clinicians for the public to benefit from the same. The key factor from the article that resonates with me is that an unwell healthcare provider is not equipped to care for others. Professional Nursing Experience with Magnet The Magnet professional practice model aims at creating attractive work environments to draw and maintain skilled nurses. Magnet hospitals should put in place strategies to guarantee the mental wellbeing of their nurses in light of Covid-19 “infection control measures” that have mental health implications on health workers (Walton et al., 2020, p. 242). McCaughey et al. (2020) report that a conducive service climate is delineated by managerial strategies, formal and informal regulations, pecking orders, structures, and processes. Additionally, personnel policies and programs are among the 14 criteria that influence magnetism. The inclusion of psychosocial care into this standard would guarantee that nurses are mentally stable to meet the mental health needs of their patients. Conclusion The Covid-19 pandemic has challenged the healthcare system immensely. Its health, economic, and social effects have caused mental distress among members of the public as well as healthcare providers. Nurses
Leadership is an aspect that has drawn worldwide interest in the recent decades, especially to scholars and researchers. Generally, there is a direct relationship between leadership and organizational/Institutional performance and productivity. However, leadership is made significant by development of appropriate leadership programs that are geared towards achievement of organization’s set objectives as well as increasing its value. Programs are strategies of action that are laid down with the intention of integrating people who work in an institution, planning on the time for particular tasks as well as laying down a clear schedule for the achievement of a common interest. The leadership concept is central in every economic, social and political aspect of development in all areas of human interaction, thus, is key to all developmental processes. All leadership programs are in essence the most crucial in any organization regardless of its size, in defining and interpreting future directions that the management should put in place for the sake of objectives achievement. Moreover, effectiveness, behavior, and sustainability of an organization depend mainly on the type of leadership programs in operation (Rothwell and Kazanas, 1999). This paper will seek to investigate what leadership programs are, in relation to organizational behavior. Additionally, it aims at establishing the relationship that exists between leadership program and the purpose of an organization. Furthermore, with awareness that every strategy must have an effect within the organization of application, it is crucial to establish the significance of leadership in its field of application, specifically in organizations. Leadership program Programs entail a schedule of actions that are followed in order to accomplish a particular task. There are various forms of programs, among them being programs of leadership. These are mainly utilized in organizations to help define the organizational behavior, though most of them have not been able to provide a concise description of organizational behavior. In an institution, several types of leadership programs do exist, each with its particular mode of operation. First, there are training programs that are mainly set for training employees on rules and regulations as well as work schedules. Additionally, there are departmental programs that govern activities of each department within an institution, as well as defining the scope of the departmental operations. Moreover, other programs are for use outside the organization when discussing issues related to the organization’s clientele (Hsu, Bell and Cheng, 2011). Programs are normally accounted to the senior management within an org