ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Napoleon Bonaparte remains one of the most significant political figures in European history. His domestic political style was relatively aggressive, whereas his expansionist ambitions caused the start of a major military campaign, called the Napoleonic Wars. Being an excellent military strategist, he pursued similar strategies in the battlefield and in politics, which is why his political style is best described as a military dictatorship. A military dictatorship is a form of government that has several distinctive characteristics. First, it is usually formed by an overthrow of the previous government. Second, the leaders of the new government generally come from the armed forces and have a substantial support both of the citizens and of the military. Moreover, this form of government is autocratic, has a substantial degree of control over the country’s people, and can maintain its power through an extensive show of force. Finally, due to the military government’s need for the control of its position, the existence of other political parties and bodies is severely limited. The history of Napoleon’s rule demonstrates all of the above characteristics. Napoleon Bonaparte came to power during the French Revolution, after overthrowing the Directory in a 1799 coup d’état. The Directory was widely criticized for its ineffectiveness and corruption, whereas Napoleon’s military victories in other countries granted him a reputation of a successful leader with a strong vision of the nation’s future. Napoleon began his military duty at an early age and quickly rose through the ranks after the start of the Revolution, reaching the title of an army general at the age of 24. His military career was mainly characterized by famous victories, such as the Siege of Toulon. It was due to his victory at Toulon that he was offered a place as the commander of the improvised forces in defense of the Convention in 1975. According to biographers, this experience became the key to Napoleon’s future military strategies as he realized the true power of the artillery. Nevertheless, in the coup of 19 Brumaire, when Napoleon came to power, the use of force was limited as Napoleon had a lot of support from the military leaders and the public. During his years in service, Napoleon has managed to win important political allies, such as the French former foreign minister, who pressured one of the Directors into resigning his authority, and General Jean Victor Marie Moreau, who ensured the lack of resistance of the last two Directors remaining in power. Some of the Ancients became firm oppose
Introduction I have always liked HP computers especially when it comes to dealing with graphics and other its aspects. These machines can deliver different kinds of services and rarely let someone down. Going by the fact that HP computers are very common and used by many people, it is prudent to say that many people consider them as highly necessary. This essentially means that they are among the best if not the number one among various computer brands in existence today. The paper is a persuasive essay, which argues that HP computers are far much better than other computer brands. HP is the Leading Computer Brand There are many brands of computers in the market today each claiming to be the best. While there are clearly a number of strong and established brands, there must be a clear leader in the pack. To me, that leader is HP computers. One needs not to look far for evidence of this, HP computers currently take the lion share of computer sales worldwide. They are found in offices, institutions and homes all over the globe. This is a manifestation of their superior quality that has enabled consumers to accept them at such a huge scale. Compared to a brand like Sony which has extensive penetration in the electronics business worldwide, HP stands out in terms of personal computers. In one of their adverts featuring music star Jay-Z, HP depicts the computer as being personal. That is, it does so many things be it business or social activities. On the other hand, an advert featuring Indian Actress Kareena Kapoo
Introduction Over the years, cases of torture have been witnessed around the world. Most of the tortures have been facilitated by leaders who do not embrace democracy in their reigns. Generally, torture is a social vice that involves violation of human rights by subjecting people to suffering, including physical and mental harm. Although torture must be condemned, it is also important to respect the sanctity of life by allowing the application of the law in dealing with perpetrators of torture. This will involve subjecting the torturers to the justice system in order to answer charges for their actions, rather than murdering them. This leads to the case of Libya that saw the ousted former dictatorial leader, Muammar Gaddafi, being murdered in cold blood, even after having being captured alive, a situation that ignited a worldwide reaction and condemnation, mainly through the media. Muammar Gaddafi’s death implicated different opinions among the nations all over the world. Most of these reactions came from western countries. The brutal killing of the Libyan leader portrayed clearly, what happens to leaders in politics that fail to obey international understanding of human rights. Although the news about his death was received everywhere with great shocks and curiosity, people around the town of Misrata (where the body was lying) were more interested in looking at his body, taking pictures and videos with their mobile phones. The media was all over, and other Libyan officials joined the crowd to witness with their eyes the body of Gaddafi and his son Mutassim (Jones, 2011). Zionist-owned Libyan insurgents murdered Gaddafi on Thursday, October 20, 2011. However, several world leaders spread their views and opinions, while the news about the death of the Libyan leader spread in the media across the world. Gaddafi gained his leadership in 1969, a time when a coup de tat took place between his followers and King Idris’s reign (Mullins, 2011). Horrific scene and Dilemma behind Muammar Gaddafi’s Death Crowd of people queued to see the body of Gaddafi like a big show, taking photographs, videos, and seeing with their own eyes that their leader is dead. A dilemma, however, arises about his murder. Was it fair to ruthlessly kill Gaddafi and his son Mutassim instead of arresting and handing them over to the international criminal court (ICC)? Taking off his corpse videos and photos in Misrata, and cold storage room is not only seen as a dilemma, but also a controversial scene in honor of a leader who has ruled the North African country for forty-two years (Jones, 2011). Evidence showed that some of the people were shot and held as prisoners. This incident happened when anti-Gaddafi followers who believed they were above NTC controlled the town of Sirte. As said by his son Saif al-Islam, It is very clear that the Zionist did not only murder Muammar Gaddafi for the oil, but also for the water (Nathanael, 2011). This was also a great treat to international Jewry’s Banking cartel b
PEST Analysis Political In Italy, the government’s regulations, taxation strategies, directives, norms of leadership, and employment regulations are highly flexible for business. Italy is one of the most promising business places with remarkable expansion in corporate world. The tourism sector, as a product, has taken advantage of the favourable Italia economic condition to expand its market niche. The stable economy of Italy has been a pull factor for the tourisms’ products since the purchasing power of many of its potential customers is high, especially for its leisure and entertainment ventures (Winchester 2006). Legal The legal system in Italy is very stable and functions on the pillars of serving the interest of every tourist equally. However, when carrying out business, the tourism products in Italy should be packaged within the needs to comply with all the business laws and federal laws as well. Being a tax compliant sector, tourism products in Italy have fulfilled its legal mandate as a business and have the freedom to do trade within the territories of Italy (Winchester 2006). Economic environment Despite the global economic meltdown in 2009, the economy of Italy has recovered from these effects and is currently one of the leading economic powerhouses in Europe. The recent economic boom in Italy has resulted into growth of many businesses due to increased demand for products and services. Being one of the most strategically located businesses, the tourism products positioned to benefit from the economies of scale and improved revenues since it has several brands within Italy (Winchester 2006). Social environment Many social issues affect any business secto
Introduction Communication plays an important role in influencing human development. It allows people to interact with each other and experience different cultures. Numerous platforms are used to convey information, most of which are influenced by cultural identities (Monaghan, Goodman & Robinson, 2012). Studies have established that cultural patterns have a huge influence on different communication styles used across the world. Over the years, communication has been characterized by direct human interaction and intercultural exchanges. However, the birth of the internet and technological advancement has changed interpersonal and intercultural communication (Wood, 2011). The development of computers and the ease of internet’s accessibility have played a vital role in improving the efficiency of communication. The two factors resulted in the development of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC). CMC refers to interpersonal and intercultural communication that involves the use of technological devices that support different forms of communication (Wood, 2012). Technological tools used in CMC include computers, internet-enabled phones, and tablets among others. Examples of communication formats supported by these devices include text messaging, instant messaging, chat rooms, and video conferencing. These forms of communication are accessible through social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Skype, Google Circles, and Yahoo (Wood, 2012). Studies have established that CMC has changed the style of communication because more people are incorporating technology into their daily routines. CMC is different from traditional face-to-face communication in various ways. CMC has pushed interaction between people to a higher level, and it has eliminated the time and space limitations commonly associated with offline communication (Monaghan et al., 2012). Online communication increases the efficiency of human contact
Starting up the juice business is seemingly daunting to Moawia, but on the same breathe, it is appealing and adventurous. Any new business requires optimum talent and skill to achieve the desired and expected results; this is in addition to uncompromising motivation to carry through business activities. The business will most definitely involve some amount of risk, but it may be enormously rewarding if it is successful. Moawia is sure he can run a business successfully, thus he intends to try although his real concern is the ability of Sombrero to do enough business to pay all its bills and avoid going bankrupt. Moawia’s overall plans will become a valuable tool as he sets out to raise money for his business. It will also provide milestones to gauge his accomplishment. Currently, Moawia is very satisfied and contented with his work and income as the operating manager at the Al Qatara bowling alley in the Al Ain Club, but on the other hand, he has a compelling urge to market his skills and endowment. Opening the juice business will be all about managing relationships with clients or customers, suppliers, and his employees. It will also entail being involved in handling marketing and sales duties, financial planning, and accounting responsibilities, administrative and personnel management duties or all of the above. The main drawback, as Moawia anticipates, is the rent that is charged to businesses depending on the number of square meters that the business occupies (Sombrero Case Study, N.d). It depended on the size and how well known a business was. Moawia Sombrero would have to pay DH 60,000 per year to lease the space. This initially portends to be a daunting task for Moawia. The lease agreement would mean Sombrero should be in business for at least five years. Th
Abstract The paper reflects the representation of ethnic identity by immigrants of Asian American descent. Along with the analysis of globalization and ethnic identity in literature, understanding food culture through the works of Asian American authors is outlined. The paper investigates the works of writers whose stories are dedicated to the depiction of immigrants’ ways of searching identity and assimilating in new places. Novels and short stories written by John Okada, Bharati Mukherjee, Jhumpa Lahiri, Maxine Hong Kingston’s Frank Chin, and Mei Ng are being analyzed. In these literary works, writers raise questions of cultural politics, ethnic identity and experience, food culture and identity, history, immigration, and others. The paper aims at investigating the major issues highlighted in the works of Asian American authors and attempts to give insight into the most crucial problems faced by immigrants. The diversity of themes discussed makes it possible to perform a thorough analysis of the key problems of the study. Introduction There are many ways of understanding ethnic identity that help people view other cultures and realize the peculiarities of their traditions and customs. The most common methods of finding out about ethnic groups are race, history, and culture. However, there is one more issue that is considered of high importance when it comes to learning about identity. This issue is the treatment of food concepts in different nations. People of Asian American descent constitute a considerable part of the US population. They are typically distinguished from Americans by the color of skin and language. Frequently, Americans are well aware of Asian Americans’ food preferences and even may like some traditional Asian dishes. However, little is known about how food perception helps Asian Americans to construct their identity in the US. Meanwhile, foodways play a significant role in the formation and reflection of ethnic identity. Many scholarly investigations are focused on the analysis of the impact of food choices on Asian Americans’ assimilation into a new country. While many of these analyses are based on observations, there is another productive way of learning about Asian Americans’ food patterns: through authentic literary works by Asian American writers. The paper gives an account of the process of globalization and its impact on ethnic minorities’ acceptance or rejection in the US. The spheres of people’s lives that are influenced by the process of globalization are analyzed. The understanding of food culture through Asian American literature is outlined in general. Further, the paper explores approaches to reflecting ethnic identity in works of such famous Asian American writers as John Okada, Jhumpa Lahiri, Bharati Mukherjee, Maxine Hong Kingston, Frank Chin, and Mei Ng. In their novels and short stories, these and other authors focus on the problems associated with the ethnic identity of people belonging to Asian American descent. Suc
Introduction The task of assessing health levels within the global community is incredibly complicated due to the presence of a wide array of factors that influence people’s well-being. Nevertheless, there are homogenous standards for evaluating crucial health indicators that allow determining the rates of global health, as well as the related concerns. Due to the homogeneity in their definitions, they allow assessing the global health status quite accurately, yet a more complex assessment may be required to address culture-specific health issues. Infant Mortality Rate The infant mortality rate is the correlation between the number of infant deaths within a particular community to the number of successful births in it (). The infant mortality rate allows locating the underlying health threats within the target community. For example, the fact that Afghanistan currently has the highest infant death rate globally indicates that the quality of life and the efficacy of healthcare are desperately low in the specified country (Central Intelligence Agency, 2019a). Life Expectancy at Birth The life expectancy at birth is an important metric that shows how many years since birth one is likely to live given the current mortality rates within the state. The tool in question helps to define the general probability of mortality in a specific population, thus establishing the level of public health. For example, in the U.S., life expectancy at birth is currently at 80.1 years, which is comparatively high (Central Intelligence Agency, 2019b). Maternity Mortality Ratio Maternity mortality ratio indicates how many pregnant women die in childbirth. The specified characteristic shows the level of nursing and obstetrics quality in the target environment. For instance, tin the UAE, the 2015 estimate shows 6 deaths per 100,000 live births (Central Intelligence Agency, 2015). Under-5 Mortality Rate As the title suggests, the under-5 mortality rate is the percentage of children that have died before the age of five. The specified tool allows indicating the presence of issues such as the absence of vaccination, health literacy, and the related health issues. For instance, in Nepal, the specified index has reached 21.92% (Ghimire et al., 2019). Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) The Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) rate is the number of years that a person with a particular health concern is expected to live on average. The specified parameter shows a range of possible public health issues, informing nursing strategies. For instance, in Canada, HALE for HIV-infected men and women averaged at 58 and 63 correspondingly (Hogg et al., 2017). Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) index shows the total number of years that a person has spent in a disabled state compared to the ones during which the person in question was healthy. DALY allows defining the risk of mortality in people with disabilities when exposed to specific health risks. For exa
Lessons on My Natural Preferences for Influencing Tactics Natural preferences play a huge role in influencing the negotiation process. The manner in which natural preferences shaped the role-plays amazed me during the role-play. At the outset, I held various reservations. Like Taylor, I concealed important information that could influence Dale’s decision. For me, information about the job description and the importance of the job did not seem vital. Consequently, I realized that it would be difficult to influence negotiation with Dale. Dishonesty in many negotiations leads to poor solutions and decisions. In the role-play, I learned that my natural preferences limit me from providing all information in order to influence the negotiation process by providing specific and appealing facts. Further, I understood that our ideas and beliefs might either impede or enhance our impact on the process. This is because some of the parties involved might find it difficult to enter into negotiations with objective and open minds. Failure by involved parties to appreciate and recognize that influencing others involves objectivity leads to poor decisions and an inability to determine the outcomes of the process. On the other hand, I learned that perspectives and points of view that encourage open-mindedness and frankness might help an individual to succeed in negotiations. During the role-play, I understood that perceptions do not only help an individual to influence the negotiation but also ensure that trust among the negotiators develops. Apparently, people’s tastes, ideas, value
To help EP cope with vasomotor symptoms of menopause and prescribe effective treatment, it is important to collect additional information regarding any vaginal symptoms. Furthermore, it is necessary to ask about reasons for taking omeprazole to prevent prescribing medications that can cause any effects on the patient’s gastrointestinal tract. Before deciding on the most appropriate medication and treatment plan, it is important to focus on such variables as the patient’s past medical history, recently worsened vasomotor symptoms, her blood pressure that is higher than normal, her BMI, and the patient’s desire to avoid the hormonal treatment. The recommended pharmacological treatment should be based on taking paroxetine. Currently, the EP takes 20 mg of paroxetine daily, but it does not provide expected effects. In this case, it is possible to recommend increasing the dose to 30 mg/day according to the guidelines (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2014). Paroxetine should be taken in the form of oral 30 mg immediate-release tablets (1 tablet daily, in the morning). The continuation of the therapy is chosen because paroxetine as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is recommended by