ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One cannot imagine an adolescent’s life without contact with their peers. School, part-time job, walks, concerts, cafes, parties, and other typical pursuits provide opportunities to meet persons of the same age. Young people tend to spend more time together: “adolescents’ moods are most positive when they are with their friends” (Steinberg 166). However, communication with peers does not always bring satisfaction, and conflicts and loneliness are probable. The complexity of young people’s relationships is shown in the film Pretty in Pink. Set in the 1980s, it features the most significant issues for every adolescent—love, and friendship—and explores how young people find a niche for themselves in terms of social interaction. In some aspects, the film substantiates research results on peer relationships and provides examples of age segregation, cliques, popularity, and rejection. First and foremost, contemporary Western society is notable for the unprecedented age segregation rooted in its structure that prescribes age differentiation as the cornerstone of schooling, work, and other institutions (Steinberg 167). A schoolchild is unlikely to have friends among those who are considerably older or younger. This is not the case for Andie Walsh, the main character. A senior student, she does not seem to be a good mixer. Her social network is limited to her partially unemployed father; an eccentric best friend Duckie, who is secretly in love with Andie; and Iona, her friend and mentor at work, and as events unfold, Andie falls in love with her schoolmate Blane. In other words, she looks beyond the traditional adolescents’ perception of friendship and contact with persons in different age groups. In contrast, Andie’s classmates exemplify age segregation: Benny, Steff, and their “Richie” friends spend time together without adults or younger friends (Pretty in Pink). Another important aspect of peer relationships concerns cliques. Such groups are small (two to twelve persons) and normally embrace individuals of the same age and sex; similarity among members of cliques is also based on social status, ethnicity, and interests (Steinberg 175). It is hardly possible to overestimate the value of cliques. Adolescents not only share views or engage in common activities but also find emotional support and facilitate intimacy. It is argued that girls are more often in cliques than boys (Steinberg 178). In Pretty in Pink, Andie has become the linchpin for two atypical cliques. Blane and Andie do not know each other as best friends do. Thus, only Iona and Duckie will be considered. From the beginning of the film, Iona and Andie get along well. One may suppose they are of the same social status, as they work together. Despite the age gap, they often have heart-to-heart talks and encourage each other. For example, Iona confides to the younger girl memories about her prom and presents Andie with her pink dress that was so precious to her. Further, it is Iona to whom Andie comes after Blane’s betrayal. Theirs is a
Culture Depending on the context in which it has been used, the term ‘culture’ can mean many different things. In this study, I shall focus on the meaning that is linked to the customs, beliefs and practices of a group of people. Culture has been defined in different ways by different people. For instance, Brooks Peterson attempts to define culture as “Culture is the relatively stable set of inner values and beliefs generally held by groups of people in countries or regions and the noticeable impact those values and beliefs have on the peoples’ outward behaviors and environment” (Peterson, 2004). However, to provide an adequate definition for the word ‘culture’, we must include a few things in the definition: language, arts and sciences, thought, religion or spirituality, social activity and interaction. Therefore to define culture, one must highlight the above aspects of an individual’s life. In my opinion, culture is the combination of language, arts, custom, beliefs/ religion or spirituality, thoughts, sciences, social activities and interactions of a group of people. Multicultural Education For us to correctly define what ‘multicultural education’ is, we must first determine what the terms ‘multicultural’ and ‘education’ mean. Multicultural refers to the presence of a number of distinct cultures. Education is the process of passing knowledge through a structured learning process. According to Thomas L. Wells, Multicultural education refers to ‘…an education in which the individual child of whatever origin finds, not mere acceptance or tolerance, but respect and understanding. It is an education in which cultural diversity is seen and used…to enrich the lives of all…in which differences and similarities are used for positive ends. It is an education in which every child has the chance to benefit from the cultural heritage of others as well as his or her own’ (Shapson, 1984). Multicultural education is, therefore, education which highlights diversities with respect to culture. These diversities are used to create awareness among children in a class setting. In multicultural education, a child learns to appreciate other cultures, as well as their own. How multicultural education address cultural differences and cultural bias in an educational setting Multicultural education addresses cultural differences and cultural bias by recognizing these differences and using them to educate students in class. For instance, by celebrating and taking note of holidays and great men and women in
Introduction History is a rather controversial phenomenon as in different epochs historians, politicians and ordinary people perceive and interpret it in different ways. The modern world is especially concerned with this issue because popular culture introduces its demands to the interpretation of history as well. Movies produced in Hollywood are more directed at commercial success rather than on explaining the actual historical context of the events they picture. One of such films is Marie Antoinette (2006) by Sophia Coppola. Widely disputed among the critics and historians, this film can be viewed as either an unskilled attempt of making a historical drama or a marvelous psychological movie presenting a great account of the emotional state of its main heroine. In any case, this paper will focus on the comparison of the film with the famous Madame Bovary by Flaubert, on the analysis of the message Coppola tries to render by her film – it is a positive message in which the director pictures Marie Antoinette as a victim of the circumstances and a person confused by the world, and on expressing the opinion of the author of this paper on the matters considered. In this respect, the historical background of the movie presents considerable interest. The basis of the movie is the 2001 biography of Marie Antoinette “Marie Antoinette: the Journey” by Antonia Fraser (Cook 39). Main body The time depicted in the film by Coppola is the epoch of the Great French Revolution of the 18th century. The French King Louis XVI marries a young Austrian princess Marie Antoinette who becomes lost in the intrigues of the Versailles Royal Palace and tries to ease her sorrow by living a frivolous life without much concern about the problems of her subjects. The social issues observed in 18th century France soon result in the people’s rebellion in the outcome of which Louis XVI and his young wife are beheaded (Coppola 2006). It is the context in which Coppola puts her film. However, considerable parallels between this movie and the famous novel “Madame Bovary” by Gustave Flaubert can be observed. First of all, the book by the French author is the story of a young woman who was forced into a marriage, like Marie Antoinette, with a person who she did not love. Their life together was boredom for her, and the heroine of the book tried to entertain herself by having affairs with other men. For example, Leon, a young law student, was one of the objects of her affection, which, however, fades away rather soon. Living in this way and playing the role of a loyal wife to her husband, Madame Bovary loses the line of real-life like Marie Antoinette did. She becomes separated from reality and wakes up only when her husband needs money to pay his debts, and here another allusion to Marie Antoinette’s fate can be seen (Flaubert 2004). Moreover, the parallels between the two stories can be observed in their final scenes. Madame Bovary commits suicide feeling broken because she could not help her husband out (Flaubert 2004). Marie Antoinette, also confronted b
Planning the Introduction Topic sentence: Public shaming has been around since ancient times. Only recently, Gen Z created the term cancel culture to refer to the modern form of public shaming. Cancel culture refers to the practice of an individual or company stopping a public organization or figure after they have said or done something offensive or objectionable (Hassan, 2021). The following paper bases its idea on three facts:   * Cancel culture simplifies intricate problems and promotes hasty judgments.   * Cancel culture has prompted individuals to ask for forgiveness without typically comprehending the weight of their deeds.   * Cancel culture is an invasion of privacy; it involves criminal threats and might drive an individual to suicide. Thesis: There are positive effects of cancel culture, such as holding people accountable; however, it is a harmful and wrongful act, and people should not condone it. Planning the Body of Your Essay Supporting Evidence Paragraph #1 Topic Sentence: The increased awareness of cancel culture has promoted sudden judgments and simplified complex problems. Explain Topic Sentence: Often, there is a definite contrast between wrong and right. However, in a situation whereby people are constantly searching for mistakes, they may not know it and can be quick to judge (Romano, 2021). Introduce Evidence: For instance, politicians and other individuals have used cancel culture to coerce people (Romano, 2021). Concluding Sentence: The acts of cancel culture stop people from sharing their opinions even though that is the appropriate or necessary action. Supporting Evidence Paragraph #2 Topic Sentence: Additionally, the current cancel culture has led to the perpetrator routinely asking for forgiveness for their past errors after a public outcry (Romano, 2021). Explain Topic Sentence: The main problem with this outcome is that these individuals solely ask for forgiveness after the public outcry and not after personally acknowledging their mistakes. Introduce Evidence: For instance, according to Hassan, people should reach out to the perpetrator and constructively share their thoughts and expose their faulty logic instead of calling them out (Hassan, 2021). Concluding Sentence: Cancel culture affects the habits of individuals negatively. For instance, it causes people to senselessly apologize to people without understanding the cause of the problem. Supporting Evidence Paragraph #3 Topic Sentence: Unquestionably, cancel culture is toxic when it entails driving an individual to suicide, privacy invasion, or criminal threats (Hassan, 2021). Explain Topic Sentence: The nature of most social media comments appears to demonstrate that cancel culture does not necessarily result in positive social change. Cancel culture spreads hate online, just like cyberbullying (Hassan, 2021). Introduce Evidence: For instance, cancelling culture is illegal since hate crimes are prohibited. Concluding Sentence: The violation of civil rights is viewed as a crime in America, and cancel culture denies citizens who disagree with other people to speak. Counterargument Topic
Introduction & Family background Ulysses S. Grant was born in the Point Pleasant in the U.S state of Ohio on April, 27, 1822. Like any other child in the America’s Frontier, he grew up helping his family with daily house chores, riding on horses and fishing 1 . He developed much interest with horses and his father identified his talent in riding horses. Grant went to school and later grew up to joining the U.S. military. He eventually ascended to the presidency becoming then the youngest President of the United States of America 2 . Though his life, he was generally marked by failures, he stood strong in his leadership president. Ulysses was the first-born son to Jesse Root Grant and Hannah Simpson Grant. He was also a brother to three sisters and two brothers. His father was a tanner and a businessperson 3 . Grant never liked the stench and the filth that emanated from the family business, an important perspective that would later shape events in his life. Education Ulysses joined the United States Military Academy at a tender age of 17 years in 1839. This was after his father realized that his son could not make a good businessperson as he was. Though he was resistant to leave for school, he could not change his father’s mind. On arrival at school, Ulysses realized that there was no one in the list of the newly admitted cadets who had a name that sounded like his. This prompted him to change his name to Ulysses S. Grant 4 . While in school, he showed little promise. However, he had outstanding performance in mathematics and horsemanship, which he had always proven to be his best subject. He later graduated 21 st out of 39 members of cadets. However, his plan was working in the military and later resigning after serving his tour of duty 5 . Military career Grant was very much involved in the Mexican wars while serving under Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott 6 . He served as quartermaster and was charged with the responsibility of monitoring supplies. Under this position, he took the advantage of his leaders and observed keenly their leadership skills and military tactics. By the time the war was ending, Ulysses had risen to the rank of a lieutenant. He would served in the military until 1854 when he resigned and pursued his other interests including farming 7 . When the civil war broke out in 1861, Ulysses rejoined the military and played a more senior role as a battle field commander. He was also the colonel of the 21 st Illinois Infantry. 8 . His heroics in the war eventually helped him rise to the rank of major general. He was eventually to take charge as the commander of all union forces 9 . Presidency While the nation was healing after war in 1868, the Republicans nominated Grant as their presidential candidate. Under his slogan Let Us Have Peace’, he garnered 53% of the popular vote and 72% of the electoral vote, giving him victory against his Democrat opponent Horatio Seymour 10 . During his term in office, Grant worked t
Introduction Brazil is located in South America and is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of geographical coverage. The country is known for its expansive beaches, booming economy, and exports from the agricultural sector. Although Brazil is the largest economy in the region, it has not been an easy ride. Brazilian policymakers had to open the market further to allow trade agreements, liberalization and unilateral tariff cuts. Therefore, any changes occurring in the international market adversely affect the economy of Brazil. The changes in the economic structure of Brazil have led to positive changes on the country’s economy such as the decrease in the rate of unemployment to 8.2% in 2007 (Polaski, Filho, Berg, McDonald, Thierfelder, Willenbockel and Zepeda 1). In addition, the country’s poverty line and rate of inflation have also decreased drastically. Despite these changes in the economy, economists have pointed at the need for the country to keep a closer look at its social and economic policies so as to cushion them against external changes. The country depends heavily on exports and the service sector which contributes greatly to its economy. The paper is an attempt to explore the overall economy of Brazil and how the economic situation has positively and negatively affected Banco do Brasil. Furthermore, the study analyses the forecasts of Banco do Brasil for over the last 3 years using balance sheet and income statements. The overall economy of Brazil Since 2000, the economy of Brazil has experienced a sustained growth rate (Polaski et al. 1). This has been necessitated by the major roles the country has played in the global market by engaging world trade negotiations. Prior to the economic growth, Brazil was among the countries with volatile economy characterized by high inflation rates and high unemployment rates. Between 2000 and 2006, the Brazilian exports increased by 150 % while exports grew by 62.5% (Polaski et al. 1). The country is a member of the G-20, a group formed by developing members with the aim of negotiating economic interests with the WTO. On matters of regional integration, Brazil is a major player in the economic alliance formed under the India- Brazil -South -Africa dialogue forum (IBSA). Therefore, the country emerges both as an emerging power of the developing and developed nations. Brazil has been named as the largest economy in South America. The country has risen from poverty to b
The story, “Equal opportunity” provides the reader with an opportunity to understand the difficulties faced by the poor in their day-to-day life. Through the main character, ‘Socrates’ the author elaborates the life of a poor man who finds it difficult to reintegrate back into normal social life after a lengthy period in Indiana prison. Socrates presents a number of character traits that reflect the life of many people in modern day society. This paper however focuses on three major character traits, namely, determination, remorsefulness and courageousness. Socrates reflects the day-to-day life of a poor man who is determined to live on. Despite the insults, abuses, and neglect, the poor man lives on. Socrates is determined and despite constantly being denied a job at Santa Monica supermarket, he does not give up and keeps going to the same place hoping that the supervisor will finally give up and give him the job (Smolensky 1). He represents a group of people in society who are ready and willing to struggle hard in order to get what they believe they deserve. He tells the supervisor that he needs the job in order to pay for the phone. This is despite being informed that he needs the phone as a pre-qualification for the job. This is an indescribable level of determination. Most people would have given up easily and sought other possible places. Generally, he believes that his status is not incapacitated. This is perhaps the kind of determination that keeps many poor people within the society, moving. His determination lands him a job at the supermarket as the security men put it, the manager wants to “give guys a chance (Mosley 86).” The job is directly a product of his determination. Socrates also stands out as a representation of bravery amongst the poor people. He applies for a job as a packer and delivery man at a Santa Monica supermarket but he is rejected based on his appearance (poverty). However, he does not simply accept it as cowardly. He stands up against the supervisor, even when he has been threatened with a possible arrest. He expresses his opinion as he deems it appropriate. He knows that his rejection is not about qualification and neither is it a result of the alleged phone he doesn’t have but has more to do with his social status. His voice, reflects the voice of many poor men within the society who are crying for equal access to opportunities as their wealthy and well known counterparts. It is not just about the strength to do a job but rather the qualification. He stands out for the many people who have good qualifications but are unable to get jobs, just because of their status within society. He expresses bravery by standing against the status quo until he gets the job that would enable him live righteously. His belief in bravery is well summarized when says to Darryl, “You stood up for yourself…. That’s all a black man could do (Mosley 81).” Remorse is a character greatly expressed by Socrates. He is deeply affected by the life he has lived from childhood. He believes that if many children got the right guidance, perhaps they wouldn’t just end up like he has done. He is affected by the fact they lost their house man
Introduction According to the American college dictionary, an occupation that requires some acquaintance of a particular unit of leaning or science may define what a profession is while professionalism can be labeled as the standing, performance or methods of a profession as distinguished from an amateur. A professional on the other hand has different meanings, all of which can fit in this context. They include people who are paid for what they do and people who posses special skills that they have trained to do. Elsewhere, the word professional is used to describe people with degrees and who work in high-end careers and enjoy comfortable remuneration; people with exceptional competence in particular fields and their fields can be considered challenging. The definition of professionalism can however be specific if the profession concerned is taken into account. According to Bosworth, Richard & Michael, human services and healthcare and health information management are some of the fields where professionalism is emphasized (2009, p 257). Sauber & Vetter (1983, p 17) define human services as including service delivery systems for mental health, social welfare, health, education and criminal justice. They further add that there are some areas that overlap and are classified as human services. They include family planning, recreation, parole, advocacy and probation. Health information management is defined as a process of maintaining healthcare records, through the established means in all stakeholders departments. They include doctor’s clinics, insurance companies and government hospitals. Management is done through the traditional means like physical filing and electronic means by using health information technology. Managing information related to health also requires exceptional professionalism. Healthcare systems rely heavily and are overly sensitive to healthcare records (Kuehn, 1997, p 1). According to Kuenh, high professionalism is needed in handling medical records because they touch on every section of healthcare (1997, p 60). Lack of professionalism therefore in such a critical department may lead to a negative multiple effects on the provision of healthcare services. For one to act professionally he/she is required to be knowledgeable, remain aware and informed of the role of ethics in professional practice and at least perform rightfully in his/her work. (Bosworth, Richard & Michael, 2009, p 258), further say that clients who seek healthcare and human services are the most ignorant in terms of self help and, the most vulnerable. Therefore, people who provide these services work within mechanisms that set by both society and authorities to guard the vulnerable, unknowing, and uninformed citizens. Health and human service delivery professionalism therefore is the practicing within the laid down ethics and procedures without showing biasness and not taking advantage of client’s situations. Codes of ethics Different professions have their elements that define them. Professions have philosophies, bodies of knowledge, admission requirements, lea