ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Immigration reform causes a need for an issue-defining frame. There are problems that this frame defines. First, the US Government has failed to control its borders completely. Secondly, millions of people pass across the borders without granted permission just to make money in the US. Finally, once they are inside, they sometimes forge documents to get work, going against the laws of labor and lying to employers who follow the labor laws (Lynch and Woodyard.). They end up taking jobs meant for the ordinary American citizens and the immigrants who got in legally. They also bear children who will have to be American citizens and be forced to use local services including schools and hospitals. However, the biggest issue is whether or not these illegal immigrants should receive social services such as Medicare, welfare, and food stamps (Skogan 168). Illegal immigrants who work hard to support themselves and their families prove to be better human beings and therefore should receive the social services. These issues concentrate entirely on the immigrants and the agencies responsible for overseeing immigration laws. Lakoff uses the strict father of a family model to demonstrate the issues of morality in politics. Freedom of action can be understood as freedom to move. Because of this, boundaries of morality are sometimes and more often seen as impediments of freedom (Lakoff 45). This implies that people who force their beliefs and values on other people are seen to impede their freedom. It is human nature to move freely in search of security and better life. Immigrants crossing the borders into US from other countries are uncomfortable with the nature of things happening in their country and they are in pursuit of a better life. Lakoff states that without incentives of punishment and reward to a child, important values such as self discipline would vanish. And to avoid this from happening, a sense of authority and competition must be exercised. He further says that competition is important in a moral world. Immigrants come to the US and take up labor jobs meant for low waged Americans and accept to be paid much lower wages so that they can make a living. They participate in tax payment. Their kids are in school in America. They plan to raise their families in America. And for the most part of their lives, they are swallowed in to the system in America (Skogan 175). Those who work hard to build the economy of America should be rewarded and not be denied necessary documents that would guarantee them their basic human rights such as being entitled to the services provided by both the local and federal government. However punishment should be upon those who do not want to work and constantly engage in unlawful activities such as drug dealing (Skogan 170). The overall authority has a responsibility to maintain order work for the benefit of those under their authority.
Walmart has gone a long way in its economic growth, having experienced several crises and established a very strong brand personality in the target market. However, the company will need to shape its approach to expand and enter the markets of India and Brazil. At present, the organization should make two fundamental changes, which include shaping its corporate values to introduce more diversity in its HRM and marketing, and the shift in the focus toward enhancing communication within the firm, including the dialogue between Walmart’s employees and managers (Finne & Grönroos, 2017). Thus, the company will be able to respond to employees’ needs more effectively while staff members will be encouraged to acquire new skills that will help them to update the quality of offered services and appeal to the new demographic. Exercise The activity that is supposed to bring a positive change into the organization will require the participation of both managers and employees. Thus, the idea of unity as the foundational value of the firm’s existence will be promoted. In addition, it will be crucial to address the problem of stereotypes in the team to ensure that both managers and staff members are capable of understanding how intercultural communication works and how it can be improved. For this purpose, one will have to create a setting that will encourage the participants to share their cultural experiences and try to replicate the ones told by their peers in the corporate setting. The selected approach will invite opportunities for the participants to recognize the challenges of communicating in a culturally alien environment and, thus develop cultural sensitivity for conversing with others (Green & Peloza, 2015). The suggested exercise is also expected to create a bond between the participants, enhancing the significance of unity within the team and the company, in general. Goals The goals of the exercise described above include shaping the company’s culture and communication toward a greater degree of diversity and a better focus on the needs of the company’s primary stakeholders, which include not only customers and partners but also its employees. In addition, the exercise is expected to shape the company’s culture toward the concepts of knowledge sharing and continuous learning, which will help Walmart to enter the Indian and Brazilian markets successfully. Change It is expected that the company will be able to maximize the efficacy of its performance after the training is completed due to a rise in diligence, enthusiasm, and loyalty among staff members. In a
Introduction From the onset it would seem that Google was destined for success and to do great things from the moment of its inception; there is no doubt that Google tackled and solved a critical issue in the information technology sector that has persisted for long in very ingenious ways. It is this Google’s first ingenious innovation that would set the stage for its future successes in the years to come, which is an expectation that it has not failed to deliver. It is no doubt that the technological innovation of its revolutionary search algorithm is what provided it with the lucky break that it so much needed (Gladwell). It is on this backdrop that we can best analyze the Company’s most influential motto and its business strategy in general that has positioned Google to become the present day multibillion Company that it is. Google’s Motto: Don’t be Evil Google’s motto of “don’t be evil” is best expounded in its corporate values that have greatly shaped the business ethics of the company and significantly driven its success in the industry. From the onset the founders of the company adopted and instilled strong and distinctive corporate values in every aspect of its business processes. These values which formed Google philosophy have been integral to its success and this motto is one of the most integral corporate values tenets that drives the company which are “i) do no evil, ii) technology matters and iii) we make our own rules” (Edelman and Eisenmann). These three rules amongst others have had a profound effect on the company’s actions and contributed immensely to its performance. The principle of “do no evil”, which has consequently becomes the Company’s motto guides all the company’s core business activities which are mainly in advertising and search business; as a result of this motto Google for instance forbids the advertising of guns, hard liquor and pornography content on its sites (Google.com). In addition, because of its motto, Google insists on ethics in its advertising business and does not engage in manipulating results to make a quick profit or misc
Globally, consumption of alcohol has resulted in public health concerns in many nations, and it is among the risk behaviors in many college students. Alcohol consumption has a significant impact on the overall performance of students, such as risky sexual behaviors, substance abuse, fights, poor academic performance, and injuries (Htet et al., 2020). However, the study examines the prevalence of alcohol among college students and the neighborhood surrounding since many studies have not focused on the impact of the environment on alcohol consumption among college students. The study also portrays many factors that lead to alcohol consumption among college students. Table 1.0 shows that the respondents who filled the age section were 216 and the minimum age was 20 years, and the maximum age was 54 years. College students are matured enough to make their own decisions despite being associated with alcoholism, resulting in risky behaviors among the students. Table 1.0: Age of the respondents Descriptive Statistics                         age      Valid N (listwise) N                       216      216                Range                   34.00                       Minimum                 20.00                       Maximum                 54.00                       Sum                     5552.00                     Mean                    25.7037                     Std. Deviation          4.69787                     Variance                22.070                       From the Chi-square tests in table 2.0, the relationship between the rate of students drinking alcohol and the neighborhood selling or using drugs is insignificant. This is because the p-value is greater than 0.05. However, this differs from Jones-Webb and Karriker-Jaffe (2013), their findings show that neighborhood with high drugs activity increases the consumption alcohol among students. Table 2.0: How often do you have a drink containing alcohol? * People sell or use drugs in my neighborhood Chi-Square Tests
Gloria Naylor has written a non-fiction story that talks of the hardship associated with life in Brewster Palace. She uses the third person narration voice to pass information to the audience. For instance, she says, “The women of Brewster had already accepted the lighter, skinny one” (Naylor 2585). However, her story has a number of tonal variations. They include despair, hopefulness, melodramatic, and sentimental. There is also animation in the story where Brewster, a place, is given the human ability to wait on people. The author says, “…Brewster waited, cautiously prepared to claim them…” (Naylor 2584). There is also the use of figurative language in the narrative. For example, the author states, “It had first spread through the block like a sour odor…” (Naylor 2586). In words “sour odor,” there exists a different meaning from their literal interpretation. The author also employs flashbacks in her work to elaborate on how Sophie got the rumor. She says, “She had been there- on one of those August evenings when the sun’s absence is a mockery …” (Naylor 2586). However, the story is set over several decades, even though most of the events that occurred in Brewster were a few years ago. The narration site is an unnamed industrial city located in the northern part of the United States of America. The story talks about independent women living in Brewster. The subject revolves around single motherhood, which is a common behavior in today’s society (Pollit 5). Most ladies end up becoming single mothers through divorce, separation and being impregnated before marriage. According to Rendall, most of the single mothers in the United States of America are African Americans (369). He also argues that the African American women from an ethnic group that has a high number of single motherhood, compared to the white ethnic group. Works Cited Naylor, Gloria. “The Women on Brewster Place.” The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, 2 nd Edition. Ed. Gates, Henry L, and Nellie Y. McKay. 2584- 2597. New York: W.W. Norton, 2004. Print. Pollitt, Katha. “The Politics of Single Motherhood.” Havard International Review 22.2 (2000): 5- 6. Print. Rendall, Michael S. “Entry or Exit? A Transition- Probability Approach to Explaining the High Prevalence of Single Motherhood among Black Women.” Demography 36.3 (1999): 369- 376. Print.
Abstract The doctrine of vicarious liability refers to a situation where a person is held responsible for actions of another individual based on the relationship that exists between the two. The doctrine has a number of legal and ethical justifications, but some are outdated and not applicable in the present world. This essay establishes some of the assumptions in the doctrine including that the employer is the richest in the employer-employee relationship, and hence responsible for any torts committed by the former. The doctrine has a number of modern day applications with some of the elements being rendered redundant. This paper concludes that the doctrine is an unavoidable one in the current century, as it has led to a number of positive changes. Introduction Vicarious responsibility is a doctrine of common law that has been in existence for a number of centuries. Vicarious responsibility refers to a situation whereby an employer is held legally responsible for the actions of his/her employees. The employee is deemed to have committed an offence and in effect, the organization or employer under whom s/he works is held responsible. Some prominent features of the doctrine are central to its existence, which include that there has to be a tort committed against the plaintiff and at the time that the tort is committed, the employee is under the said employer or supervisor (Neyers, 2005, p. 3). S
Introduction Thucydides’ work has been widely quoted in relation to his vivid description of the account of the Peloponnesian War. Many researchers have used his work, especially in the field of international relations. Most of the scholars who have looked at his work confirm the abundant realism in this work. Some authors have expressed differences of opinion by stating that his form of ancient writing was different from the realism that current researchers and authors attribute to him (Orwin 1). Thucydides’ book on the History of the Peloponnesian War is divided into several other books (Jowett 1). These books, which total to eight, cover a significant portion of this famous war that was fought between the Greek city of Athens on one side and the group of nations that formed the Peloponnesian League (Kagan 12; Duchesne 21). The author dies before the war is over. However, he covers a significant part of this period by providing the necessary history on the war. The series of books look at the progress of the war from its origin to the point, which researchers suspect that the author died. This essay provides a review of the seventh book in the series by offering a review of Thucydides’ work on the same. It also provides an analysis of the literary tools used by the author to convey his message to the audience. The review will also analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the book in focusing on the Peloponnesian War while at the same time providing an opinion on some of the key areas. Book Review Thucydides’ book VII is a continuation of book VI, which looks at the period that the Athenians declared war on Syracuse for attacking one of their allies in the Sicilian Islands. The author provides a continuation of the events that surrounded the attack on Syracuse. He successfully presents the extension of the war that was already being waged against this supposedly strong nation and city. In this seventh book, the author generally presents the main war fought between the Athenian army and the opponents that had received a form of backing from their allies such as Sparta (Hammond and Rhodes 4). At the beginning of the seventh book, the author indulges immediately into the ongoing conflict between Athens and Syracuse. He immediately provides the readers with the names of the individuals involved in the conflict (Thucydides 1). In this first part of the book, the author looks at the advantage that the Syracuse allies used to come to their aid (Thucydides 1). He states that the allies had learnt about the fate of the Syracuse army and people, and that there was still hope in getting to the battle in time to help their friends. The author provides the audience with a visual description of the battleships that were to come to the aid of the Syracuse army from Corinth, thus demonstrating the urgency with which these battleships were sailing towards their besieged allies (Thucydides 2). The author describes the battle formations that were taking place between the Athenians and their enemies. In the initial pages of the book, he states that the Athenians had an advantage over the Syracuse army. In the first three pages, the author generally describes th
Globalization has resulted in several changes on the international political scene. With this, the role of the State in international politics has assumed a different turn too. While the state was at the core of international affairs, globalization has allowed other nonstate players to assume similarly important roles. Considering these changes, some political analysts argue that war will become unthinkable given the reduced role of the State. This could be an assertion founded on the hypothesis that individual states’ interests are the major causes of war. Contrarily, this paper seeks to argue that despite the changes in role playing on the international political scene, war can still occur in the contemporary society. The only difference is the design and nature of the war to be fought. Although the role of the State in contemporary international system has been moved to the peripheral, it is arguable that the state still has a major role to play in conflicts. Although some theorists argue that this would result to peace, it is important to understand who the actors assuming the axial role are given the reducing role of the State as an actor. Globalization has led to rise in power of other actors like NGO’s, Multinational Companies and terror groups, et cetera. Most of these groups play a central role in the determination of peace or conflict. As a result, their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the international system could determine whether it remains peaceful or not. History shows that general wars have always marked the turning point of the international political scene. As a result of these wars, the international system has acquired new directions. As quoted by Levy (1985), Robert Gilpin states that the cultural, social, political and economic state of certain groups and individual entities of political and social rule are strongly affected by general wars. The outcomes of these wars determine the State that emerges as the powerhouse over the whole system. As a matter of fact, the values and ideas of the dominant state hence become the yard stick for predominant values and ideas on the international scene. These values and ideas can on the other hand have grave impacts on the ideological and social not mentioning economic structures of individual actors of international politics. The individual actors hence affect the whole international system. Given the empowerment of other actors of international politics, war ceases to be an affair of conflicting States. The role of oth
Neighbor’s health condition In the proposed scenario, my choice will depend on the neighbor’s health condition assessment as well as the distance to the nearest hospital. Chee (2018) states that the practice of using Uber as an ambulance is an established trend and has even spawned initiatives such as Uber Health. According to Moskatel and Slusky (2019), UberX’s emergence in the urban market has reduced the use of ambulances in cities by at least 6.7 percent (p. 824). Thus, the use of Uber, in this case, may well be justified. If a neighbor has a pulse and breathing, and there is a hospital nearby where a taxi driver can get to in less than 20 minutes, I will use Uber. Researchers note that the recent changes in the U.S. healthcare legislation have “slowed ambulance response times by 19%” (Moskatel & Slusky, 2019, p. 817). However, if a neighbor is not breathing, has no pulse, or there is other evidence of a severe threat to his health, I will wait for an ambula
Introduction The 2007 financial crisis in the United States led into a decline in the level of liquidity within the economy. Thornton (2009, p.13) defines liquidity as the amount of credit available in the financial markets. Reduction in the level of liquidity can limit a country’s rate of economic growth. For example, one of the ways through which this can occur is by reducing the rate of public and private investments which is a key component in a country’s economic growth. In its operation, as a government instituton, the Federal Reserve is charged with the responsibility of promoting economic growth. One of the ways through which Fed achieves this is by ensuring that there is enough money supply in the economy. Additionally, Fed is also charged with the responsibility of ensuring price stability and increasing the rate of employment. During the 2007 economic crisis, there was an increment in the rate of unemployment in the US. This arose from a decline in the rate of investment. As a result, Fed was forced to intervene by increasing liquidity in order to prevent the economy from deteriorating further. The institution achieved this through integration of various aggressive strategies. The objective of this paper is to analyze the steps taken by the Federal Reserve from 2008 to increase liquidity. Actions taken Reduction in Federal funds target rate In an effort to increase the credit available, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) undertook an open market operation (The Federal Reserve Board, 2007, p. 1). For example, the borrowing rates were reduced by 75 basis points. This reduced Fed’s fund rate to 3.5%. Through the open market operation, Fed’s fund rate was further reduced by 50 basis points. During subsequent meetings, FOMC reduced the federal funds rate further. For example in during the March 18 meeting, the rate was reduced to 2%. Despite this, liquidity did not improve. This prompted FOMC to reduce the federal funds rate to 0.25%. Reduction in Fed’s fund rate has a direct impact on other interest rates such as the primary credit rate which refers to the rate at which financial institutions receive loans from fed for a short duration. The table below illustrates the reduction in the federal funds target rate and hence the primary credit rate from 2007 and 2008 and the subsequent reduction in the primary credit rate. Date               Federal funds target rate  Primary credit rate December 11, 2007  4.25%                      4.75%               January 22, 2008   3.5%                       4%                  January 30, 2008   3%                         3.5%                March 17, 2008     3%                         3.25%               March 18, 2008     2.25%                      2.5%                April 30, 2008     2%                         2.25%               October 8, 2008    1.5%                       1.75%               October 28,2008    1                          1.25%               December 16, 2008  0.25%                      0.5%                 Discount window This refers to the various credit facilities which are used by the Federal Reserve in an effort to regulate the amount of