ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The portrayal of sexuality in popular media is often inaccurate or controversial due to the stigmatized nature of the topic in society. Non-traditional sexual orientations often lack the exposure and respectful depiction in films. However, as societal paradigms shift, the 21st century has seen an increased and more honest portrayal of sexuality. Brokeback Mountain was one of the first large-scale Hollywood productions to depict homosexuality realistically and authentically, creating a precedent to launch queer cinema into the mainstream. Sexual Message The primary theme of Brokeback Mountain is discovering sexual identity in culture and society that is inherently masculine and unsupportive of non-traditional sexual orientation. The film follows two men Jack and Ennis who work as hired cowboys, herding livestock in the rural mountains. In their time alone, they form an awkward but passionate sexual relationship. After parting ways, they have serious heterosexual relationships, but it is evident that they are struggling with their identity and long for the emotions experienced during their time in the mountains. During their period meetings, it is evident they still have passion and care for each other. After Jack’s accidental death, for years Ennis struggles to come to terms with grief and the feelings he had for Jack. Eventually, Ennis accepts that he has loved Jack strongly all along ( Brokeback Mountain) . The central message of the film can be summarized as that love and sexual desire are natural between any human being, despite identity, and do not adhere to social paradigms or acceptance. Stereotypical The struggle with sexual identity is a relevant aspect of socio-cultural acceptance. Cowboys living in the rural West where old traditions and Christian beliefs are prevalent are usually portrayed as hypermasculine figures. It can be argued that Brokeback Mountain depicts the message of finding one’s sexual identity in a very respectful and authentic manner, stirring away from common stereotypes. Queer representation in Hollywood films is mostly negative, particularly at the time when Brokeback Mountain was released, and the LGBTQ community was not as widely accepted as today. These depictions are often crude and homophobic. Homosexuality has always been portrayed as a comedic element that serves as an insult. Gay characters or actors had extreme and eccentric styles of clothing or mannerisms of dialogue. In drama films, people with non-traditional sexual orientations are often portrayed as closeted and anti-social individuals, shunned by society (“Queer Representation in Film and Television”). Brokeback Mountain was controv
Introduction Constitutional rights are a form of liberty or freedom which is granted by the authority’s constitution of a given region, country, or state. In many countries like US and others, the constitutional rights are mostly derived by the citizens of the Country and are protected by the constitution itself (Moore, 1998). The constitution of any given region gives the citizen the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of movement, political freedom, and freedom of the press among others (Moore, 1998). The following is a literal example in which constitutional rights have been violated by a federal official. “I am driving when drunk, the police arrests me. However he locks me for three working days without pressing charges against me. He also does not present my case to the court for ruling”. In this case a citizen protected by the constitution which grants freedom of movement has constitutional rights that have been violated. The police officers in this case have violated several of the person’s constitutional rights such as freedom to movement as well as unfair detention beyond the legal stipulated time. As a citizen residing in a country whose constitutions guarantees, the person has a right to sue the police who are acting as the agents of the State. Why sue Offenders All the rights stipulated by the constitution of a country or a state are important to a citizen since they make it possible for them to live a peaceful and productive life as free citizens. In relation to productivity, an individual who has been violated the right to movement may be economically unproductive since he/she will be denied the freedom to move to certain places of work and so on. The other right is freedom of religion is a very sensitive right which is granted by the constitution
Introduction Patient safety has become a major concern in the healthcare sector because of the prevalence of medical errors (Pillow 2007, 152). Patient safety has even stood out as its ideal discipline and it encompasses certain areas of healthcare service providers such as reporting, analysis, and prevention of medical errors (because of the upsurge of medical errors across the globe). Initially, medical errors were not considered a big issue in medical circles until there was an increasing trend of medical errors across the globe which resulted in adverse medical events and a high number of patient deaths. This trend prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess the impact of medical errors across the globe and established that at least one in every ten patient across the globe are normally affected by medical errors (World Health Organization 2008). Indeed, in recent years, the world has been shocked by medical documentaries exposing the prevalence of medical error and its ability to cause adverse medical events. For instance, in April 1982, America was treated to a very shocking documentary titled the deep sleep that showed the number and kinds of medical errors that occurred as a result of anesthesia accidents that were estimated to affect about 6,000 American patients who later suffered brain damage or other adverse medical events (Ellison 2011). The same concern has also been registered in Britain and Australia where patient safety was brought into sharp focus by the Royal Society of Medicine , Harvard medical school (in Britain) and the Australia patient safety foundation (in Australia) (Ellison 2011). In Australia, it is estimated that about 18,000 medical deaths are a result of medical errors and in Canada, it is estimated that about 9,000 to 24,000 patients die of preventable medical errors annually (Ellison 2011). In Canada, this statistic amounted to about 7% of all healthcare admissions. Global statistics show the same trend because it is estimated that about 44,000 of 98,000 deaths that happen in the healthcare sector are caused by medical errors and about 7,000 of such deaths occur as a result of preventable medical errors (Charatan 2000). These statistics abound, many observers have shifted their attention from the shocking statistics to the real causes of medical errors. Comprehensively, it is established that medical errors are either caused by human factors or medical complexities. Human factors include variations in training healthcare workers; fatigue; depression; burn out; dealing with diverse patients; coping with unfamiliar settings and time pressures and finally the failure to acknowledge the seriousness and prevalence of medical errors (among others). Medical complexities may include the combination or exclusion of complicated technologies, powerful drugs, and intensive care or prolonged hospital stay. Though these factors may contribute to a significant extent in the upsurge of medical errors, t
Abstract This 12-month change management plan focuses on introducing total quality management approaches to the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia to affect the management of education in the country. The ministry is an educational organisation. The stakeholders in the ministry that the plan affects include learners, teachers, and state and federal administrators. The changes in the plan will affect them differently, but it will all be in the context of total quality management. Although there are changes made under TQM in Saudi Arabia, they have not happened at the organisational level of the Ministry of Education; hence the novelty of this plan. It also provides a theoretical background and a literature review of the education situation in Saudi Arabia to lend credibility to the change management plan. The plan focuses on persuading the stakeholders by highlighting the importance of the proposed amendment in the identified education organisation. Description of a Change for Implementing in an Organisation Proposed change In the 12-month program, the proposed change is to introduce total quality management principles and tools in the management of Saudi Arabian education institutions taking place under the Ministry of Education. Therefore, the educational organisation chosen for this project is the Ministry of Education. Affiliate organizations and employees will be considered as part of the organization. Although there are changes made under TQM in Saudi Arabia, they have not happened at the organizational level of the Ministry of Education; hence the novelty of this plan. The change process should cover the entire country. The change is intended to give students an opportunity to improve their educational performance. It should also lead to sufficient knowledge concerning areas of improvement to ensure that there is a lifelong learning among students and institutions affiliated to Ministry of Education. 12 month timeline of change The ministry of education in the first month will announce the changes to all affiliate programs under it. It will then come up with a sensitization program that should run to the second month. This will ensure that favourable perception ensues throughout the country. The intention of the change process is to ensure that educational institutions and all their members who are under the expansive Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia are also benefitting from professional and strategic management tools. In the second to fifth month, they should be able to quantify their input and outcomes based on the goals of the educational process and the learning objectives presented by teachers and adopted by learners. In the third month of implementation, the Ministry of Education will embark on supervising all education programs in Saudi Arabia while other related ministries will provide additional assistance based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Education. The reconciliation of the ministry’s activities and that of private sector institution will take place in the fourth and fifth month. There are both private and public education institutions at all levels of learning,
The Namesake is a 2006 movie based on author Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel of the same name. It documents the social changes and upheavals experienced by an Indian-American migrant family to the States and the varied conflicts they experience in their adopted country due to unique values, norms, and behavioral patterns that they brought from India. The story also depicts the failed assimilation of their grown-up son and daughter into American culture and the underpinning psychological stresses they face (Lahiri, 2004, p.178). The movie offers a bold insight into the isolation-like situations faced by culturally and ethnically diverse migrants and portrays successful ways in which they can be embraced by host cultures through social interaction techniques (Greene, Cohen, Gonzalez & Lee, 2009, p.49). The theme of the movie adds strength to the theory that optimal human development of individuals hinges on a core foundation of families and communities (Greene et al, p.56). Any lack of respect for one’s own culture would hamper the overall personality development of such individuals and lead to identity crises and more (Greene et al, p.70). The following target areas have been identified to answer relevant questions that arise from watching the movie. Ethical Principles The main ethical principles in any social worker’s study are assessed according to the core values of service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence (NASW code, 2010). In this context, the client system has been identified as the chief protagonists Ashoke and Ashima Ganguly; their son, Gogol, and daughter Sonia. Even though there weren’t any ethical conflicts depicted in the family, a few possibilities could have emerged due to the unique cultural backgrounds (Indian) of the clients. Ashima (the wife) is shown very loyal and obedient to her husband Ashoke, as is typical among certain South Asian families where women agree to a somewhat subordinate role to their husbands. Back home in India, she agrees to an arranged marriage with a stranger and throughout the film, refuses to address Ashoke by his first name, instead of denoting him by a more respectful address, peculiar to Indian culture. Had Ashoke turned out to be the exact opposite of the loving and caring husband shown in the movie, a clear problem would emerge because Ashima, the very traditional Indian wife, was duty-bound to side along with her husband no matter how she got treated in return. This would be in fundamental conflict with Western (American) cultural norms where spouse abuse does not go unnoticed and is not tolerated under any circumstances. Other possible problems in this
The frame of reference Joe Biden signed an order granting transgender people the right to compete at school and college levels without restriction. On the day of his inauguration, he signed an Executive Order on Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation. It prohibits discrimination against transgender people in everyday life, opens the way for them to serve in the army, and gives other civic benefits and responsibilities. However, this order says that any school or college that receives government funding is required to admit biological males who identify themselves as women to competitions among girls (Turban, 2021). Otherwise, the educational institution is threatened with sanctions up to deprivation of funding. Grounds for comparison Thus, there are two contrasting views: to allow transgender people to compete in the women’s competition or organize separate competitions for them. On the one hand, Biden’s order is revolutionary since until now, transgender people have not been allowed to compete at all or with great restrictions. On the other hand, it now appears in the United States that women’s competitions are open to everyone (Brito, 2021). It is enough for a transgender to declare a female gender, and the organizers are obliged to provide admission. Thesis People who have experienced male puberty should not compete in women’s competitions. It is better for them to organize a separate category or at least give a handicap to women in competitions with transgenders.
Introduction On 2 nd October, 2006, a lone gunman, Charles Carl Roberts IV went into the one-roomed Amish school in west nickel mines, Bart Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, armed with three firearms and about six hundred rounds of ammunition at around 9:51 am. He barricaded the school doors with boards and eye bolts then using tape, he went ahead to bind the arms and legs of ten female students after releasing a pregnant woman, three parents with infants and fifteen male students. At around 10:36 am one of the teachers, Emma Zook, who had escaped together with her mother to a nearby farm, where, with the help of an Amish man, Amos smoker, made a 911 call to the state police troopers who arrived at around 10:42 (Books 2010) 1 . While they were waiting for reinforcements, the police tried to communicate with Mr. Roberts through their cruisers’ PA system, which did not succeed as Roberts asked them to leave. At around 11:07 he started shooting the girls and as the troopers approached the building the shooting suddenly stopped as Roberts committed suicide (Pennsylvania police state police, 2006). The troopers took about two and a half minutes to enter the building to assist the injured girls. The crisis intervention approach in response to this crisis or trauma The appropriate crisis intervention approach in this case would be divided into three parts. These are: the proactive crisis management; intervention and communication; and post crisis management. Proactive crisis management The Amish community generally lacks a sense of danger and despises the use of technology in general for cultural reasons. Therefore, it was not a surprise that the particular school and its board had no crisis management plan at the time of the tragedy. They had never seen a gun and did not see any danger posed by a gun trotting man in the school. These cases of ignorance are not only evidenced in this Amish school, but as was the case in the Scottish Dunblane School, the headmaster ignored the gun shots thinking they were noises from a nearby construction site. Also, in the Columbine High School, the students thought that it was a prank and therefore, ran towards the shooter instead of away from him. The Amish students stayed there instead of running away (Books, 2010) 2 . Intervention and communication In this case analysts differed on their opinion on the police intervention with some terming it as ‘excellent’ due to their rapid response, while others thought it was a ‘blunder’ due to their ‘wait and see’ strategy that wasted a lot of valuable time. This strategy is informed by their need to take a gradual approach in protecting the lives of both the hostages and the crowd that forms in such cases. Due to the rigidity of police protocols, after the first scream was heard the troopers stationed at a shed behind the building radioed for permission to approach th
Mergers and acquisitions have become very popular in the current business environment as firms seek to expand their operations. Actually, it has become an important business strategy across all sectors and regions across the globe. Despite the high success rate in well planned mergers and acquisitions, chances of failure are relatively substantial, especially when the aspect of cultural balance is ignored or inappropriately handled. Most of the failures associated with mergers and acquisitions are layoffs, poor shareholder returns, and complete the dissolution of an alliance. In an event of an impending merger or acquisition, culture is a sensitive factor since it is not easy to quantify or manage. According to Darnton (2017), cultural incompatibility is responsible for more than 30% of merger and acquisition failures. This report investigates the influence of cultural dilemmas on leadership effectiveness and the success of joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions. Specifically, the paper relates the cultural dilemmas depicted in the film Gung Ho from a leadership challenge perspective to five international merger and acquisition failures for companies with stakeholders from different nations or cultures. The report then presents strategies for preventing the negative cultural dynamics from affecting merging organizations. The Film Gung Ho The plot of the film revolves around negotiating for a merger between the two companies from different nations and cultures. The Brokering auto worker, Keaton, comes to face with tricky challenges in trying to mediate the assimilation of clashing Western and Japanese corporate cultures. The first conflict is between the Japanese plant manager, Kazihiro, and another employee called Shimono (the sycophant) positioning himself for the manager’s position (Howard, 1986). On the other side, several disgruntled long-time members of the union of the collapsed Pennsylvania auto plant such as Paul and Buster are struggling with ‘tough’ and ‘strange’ Japanese quality control exigencies. Released in 1986, this film presents serious cultural issues associated with a company merger. Despite falling within the comedy genre, the film reinforces the general perception of the Japanese and Americans in the workplace. This perception paints a picture of a workaholic Japanese culture against the lazy American work culture. As a result, there is a massive cultural clash noticeable throughout the film. For instance, the dinner table scene displays a serious disagreement in a work culture when the Japanese plant manager is not satisfied with the progress of American workers. Keaton, the American who represents the workers, presents a counter argument that productivity has gone up by 10%. This is not satisfactory as the boss reminds Keaton that under the same circumstances, productivity in Japan is 40% higher (Howard, 1986). In the end, Keaton fails to meet the deal he has negotiated with the Japanese boss by producing 16 cars less than the agreed 13,000 units (Howard, 1986). Despite the tense meeting during the perfo
Draft a memo fully analyzing and discussing why there is or is not a valid contract In my opinion, there is no valid contract between Doe and GIANT Pharmaceutical Company. In business law, a contract is valid only when there is a mutual or comprehensive agreement between the involved parties and in most cases arrived at by written agreements (Turner, 2006). In this case, conversation over the telephone could not qualify as a legal business contract as there was no agreement done by writing between the two parties. Hence, Doe was not bound to the GIANT in any contractual form. In the making of a contract, two dependent parties meet and lay down their terms to each other in an effort to induce entering into a contract in the case of mutual contract agreements that involve two parties only. However, there are high chances of disputes arising before the contract is arrived at, whereby terms are adjusted to favor the opposition party and others discarded when seem to manipulate either of the party (Carvan, 2002). In the case of Doe and GIANT, Doe gives an annual salary of $500,000 as his term, but Stein quotes $ 300,000 as his considerable salary payment to him. Consequently, Doe feels insulted and drops the conversation due to aggression. However, this could not mark the end of negotiations, as disputes are part of the making of a contract because disputes are part of the peripheral statements made in the process of arriving at the real contract (Barron, 2006). In the Australian Business Law, statements that are made in the making of a contract are in no way recognized as a part of the term of a contract as in the business where bargaining for the buying price is considered as a process of determining the buying price. Vermeesch and Lindgren (2005) tell the following legal case that happened in a commonwealth nation and I find it relevant to this case. Business law is universal in the com