ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In a group or an organization, individuals with unique talents need to develop power so that they can influence others. To develop positional power, individuals should employ strategies that will make them gain power and influence other group members. In the case study, Adam does lack strategies that are necessary in gaining power in the fraternity. This paper will discuss strategies of attaining power and influence in a group. Power strategies . The four most important strategies of attaining power and influence in a group are concepts of centrality, relevance, visibility, and flexibility (Whetten, and Cameron 7). Foremost, Adam should take central position in the group to gain positional power. Because the members of his fraternity have not recognized Adam unique abilities, it is important that he should develop the concept of centrality through networking. Adam should communicate to members of the fraternity about his feelings and he should let them understand how he feels about tasks assigned to him. He should be active in all group activities such as group meetings and gatherings. Secondly, Adam should employ flexibility. The opinion is that, Adam should participate in the decision-making so that other group members do not make decisions that affect him negatively. However, for Adam to participate in decision-making, he should be innovative so that other group members can develop trust in him and see him as a reliable person. Since he is good in fine arts, he should do presentations to the group members to display his talent. This way, fraternity members will develop confidence in his abilities. Adam should develop and employ the concept of visibility. He should socialize and interact with most influential members of the fraternity. This will help him to be acquainted with all the people who will give him the chance to identify his position in the fraternity. In addition to this, Adam should indentify a person who can mentor him so that he can be able to increase his visibility in the fraternity. Lastly, Adam should carry out tasks that are relevant to his talent. Because Adam is good in fines arts, he should focus in doing tasks that can expand and promote his skills in fines arts. He should resist doing odd jobs assigned to him by group members and take a position that is more relevant to the goals of the fraternity (Whetten, and Cameron 7). Influence strategy . If Adams wants to work in the forthcoming event, he should develop and use strategy of visibility. This is because his unique ability and knowledge of fine arts is necessary for the success of the fraternity, particularly in the homecoming parade. As such, Adam should interact and communicate with the group leaders about his knowledge and talent in fine arts (Kotter 4). Secondly, Adam should develop an innovative presentation that is relevant to the homecoming parade float. Adam sh
Bullying has been a problem for many years because people would experience negative or mean behavior directed at them, which was especially prevalent in environments such as schools. Cyberbullying, however, is a new issue that emerged as a result of communication technology development, where people use the Internet to behave in a similar negative manner. The difference is that with cyberbullying, mean comments can come from acquaintances or strangers. The development of social media has an adverse effect on the prevalence of cyberbullying and its impact on people’s mental health. The main questions that a reader may have when exploring the topic of cyberbullying are connected to the attention dedicated to the subject in recent years. anti-cyberbullying campaigns and programs that aim to raise awareness about the issue, educate parents, schoolchildren, students and the general population about the dangers of cyberbullying are common. The main concern here is the safety and wellbeing of vulnerable populations that are subjected to cyberbullying, mainly schoolchildren. The governmental projects, for example, “Stop Bullying,” report that in 2017 approximately 15% of bullying reports were attributed to cyberbullying (“What is Cyberbullying”). This answers another question regarding the necessity to make a distinction between cyberbullying and bullying. Cyberbullying is connected to the Internet and digital devices, which are difficult to control. Therefore, the two differ significantly, and each issue requires special attention in the form of raising awareness and implementing policies that allow reporting and punishing such behavior because the existing laws mainly focus on bullying. Next, it is necessary to define the terms that are discussed cyberbullying. The notion itself refers to bullying that takes place in the digital space. The governmental initiative “Stop Bullying” defines it as “sending, posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or mean content about someone else” (“What is Cyberbullying”). Another term that will be used in this paper is social media, which are different types of online websites and mobile applications, allowing people to share personal
Taiwan Taiwan is one of the most natural and fascinating destinations in Far East. Taiwan is mainly a mountainous Island with one of the best natural scenic features in the world. Taipei, the capital, has one of the best scenery all over Asia. It is located in the West Pacific Ocean and has close links with the Mainland China. In fact, China considers it to be one of its territories. The countries closest to Taiwan are China, Japan and Philippines. For a seven-day visit, Taipei the capital city should the best place to visit especially on a luxury trip like this one. The most convenient and efficient airline to Taiwan has to be China Airline which accounts for the highest number of passengers to Taiwan with world class services, and flies daily to the Island. Taoyun airport is the most convenient landing site being only under an hour drive from Taipei. On arrival, the fleets of buses that operate daily are the best to take one to the hotels although taxis are also available. For a seven-day trip, summer is the best time for a visit as out door activities are more during this time of the year. The main languages in Taiwan are Taiwanese and Mandarin. As for the main culture, multiculturalism has been endorsed as the age of globalization sets in. In the past, the culture of Taiwan had been mainly influenced and formed by the process of imperialism. The main religions, these are: the traditional Buddhism, Taoism and Chinese folk religion which have greatly influenced the culture of the island. European and American cultures have also become very popular in Taiwan because of the global cooperation and collaborations (Ryan & Neo 66). Taiwan has risen rapidly in industrialization and development and many people are flooding to the small Island for the experience, work, leisure, adventure and business. Taipei should be the main destination for any one visiting for a seven-day trip. The city is located in the northern part, is t
Seattle is the city where Hip Hop has extreme power over people by helping them to find out a sense in life, a working goal, and a possibility to demonstrate their skills and interests. Kung Foo Grip is one of the famous Hip Hop duos in Seattle. Though the history of this duo is neither too complicated nor full of some unpredictable and fatal decisions events, it can be used to explain how the lives of two fans of Hip Hop can be changed, and how the changes lead to the creation of several albums available to all admirers of the band’s work. In the beginning, there were three main members of the band: Eff Is H, Greg Cypher, and BBJ. The boys met at one of the parties where their friends invited them to rhyme and cipher in their favorite ways. As soon as they met, they understand that their styles and ideas were similar. It was possible to enjoy a number of personal benefits in case they started cooperating. Still, in a short time, one of the members, BBJ left the group, and, from that period of time, Kung Foo Grip turned into a powerful Seattle Hip Hop duo consisting of Greg (a straight technical man) and Eff is H (also known as Fish, who may unhinge from the beat but make interesting sounds in a song) (“Kung Foo Grip”). In 2011, the duo introduced their first album “Capitalize” with a number of songs that demonstrate how interesting the combination of two or more styles can be (Mizell par. 1). Kung Foo Grip was accepted positively in Seattle due to their intentions to stay in contact with people and the environment. The artists admit that one of their peculiar features is their desire to observe the lives of ordinary people and share their thoughts about life, its challenges, and beauty via their music. There is no need to invent or imagine something. It is enough to sing about everything the way it is. In several years, Kung Foo Grip returned with their new album “The New Flash,” where “two young firebrands sound hungry as ever, in addition to featuring multiple producers/collaborators who bring a widely varied-yet-cohesive sonic palette” (Michel par. 1). With time, the team introduced a video clip “M.I.A.” (Tue par. 1) that proved the intentions of the duo to stay rough with the environment they have to live in and to be ready to respond to any kind of violence or misunderstanding that may occur around. Such a line of ev
Introduction Scholars dealing with human and animal behavior have come up with different theories to explain how behavior is acquired or how it becomes extinct. Such scholars include BF Skinner, who advanced operant conditioning theory and Ivan Pavlov, who advanced classical conditioning theory. In this paper, classical and operant conditioning experiments shall be designed. The significance of the experiments and how they relate to human behavior and thinking shall be explained. Classical conditioning This is a behavioral learning theory advanced by Ivan Pavlov. In classical conditioning, learning takes place as a result of pairing a natural stimulus together with an environmental stimulus (Hall, 1998). In order for learning to take place, a neutral stimulus is placed before a natural stimulus. According to Cherry (2012), behavior is learnt through association of the two stimuli. A visit to the dentist experiment Miss Y has cavities on most of her teeth. It is not the first time for her to have such a problem. In the past, she has been to the dentist and had some of the teeth with cavities extracted. The first time, she found a female doctor who extracted the tooth but she felt no pain. The second time, she found a male dentist who extracted the decayed tooth. However, the experience was not the same as the one she had during her first extraction. The male dentist extracted the tooth in a way that caused her a lot of pain. During the second time when she felt a lot of pain, Miss Y noted some of the characteristics of the dentist who performed the operation. The male dentist was wearing a white apron, had spectacles on and was from a different racial group (race A). During her subsequent visit to the dentist to have another tooth extracted, Miss Y finds another dentist that she has never met. However, the dentist is a man, wearing a white apron, with spectacles on and from race A. Before even explaining her problem to this dentist, Miss Y starts shaking due to fear. She starts feeling a lot of pain on her tooth that has not been aching while she was coming to the dentist. Miss Y is behaving in this manner because she has learnt to associate pain during teeth extraction with male dentist of a certain race. Miss Y decides to check another dentist to extract the tooth. Her next stop lands her to a lady dentist. Miss Y is now relaxed and ready to go through the process of extraction. She associates the experience is expecting to have with the past painless procedure that she underwent when the extraction was done by a lady. For the rest of the ti
The attainment of high-quality health (including emotional, physical, and mental wellbeing) is a human right that is recognized in many countries across the globe. When individuals are supported using adequate resources and opportunities, it becomes easier for them to achieve positive economic and social outcomes. Unfortunately, most of the advances made within the past four decades have failed to address the challenges most women face. Those from underserved and marginalized communities are affected by obstacles such as preventable illnesses, gender inequality, increased medical costs, and patriarchal violence. This paper examines how scholars interested in women’s health and gender across different disciplines can facilitate the development of empowering health care systems. Empowering Health Care Systems Women’s equality is one of the fundamental rights taken seriously by different scholars, researchers, and theorists. Various disciplines such as health, sociology, medicine, counseling, psychology, and nursing present numerous insights and ideas for addressing most of the challenges affecting many communities. It is agreeable that all these disciplines can be considered when focusing on topics such as women, gender, and women’s health. Scholars in these fields can collaborate and present evidence-based ideas that have the potential to facilitate the development of empowering health care systems. This goal is attainable since such professionals possess adequate competencies and theoretical concepts that can be used to improve women’s experiences and support their objectives. Some various measures or initiatives can be pursued by different scholars in the above fields to support this goal. The first approach is proposing the implementation of superior policies that focus on efficient and sustainable health care systems. This initiative will ensure that adequate resources, laws, and frameworks are presented to address the diverse needs of women. Secondly, these professionals can present meaningful theories, case studies, and models to sensitize and encourage communities to design adequate health care systems. This achievement will tackle women’s emotional, mental, financial, economic, and physical challenges. The third initiative that can be embraced by scho
Introduction This essay seeks to present a case study on Wal-Mart. The company is faced with a marketing challenge. From a professional point of view, below are some of the marketing objectives derived out of the company’s situation. In addition, a solution is suggested to end the marketing stalemate in which the company finds itself. As it has always been known, marketing is the process of making known the existence and presentation of goods and services to target customers. Target customers are those to whom the goods and services are intended. Targeting customers, as has been made easy through market segmentation, is a marketing advantage (Rosenbloom 2009, p. 1-20). The process facilitates production of goods and services that perfectly meet customers’ needs. Segmentation promotes tailor-made goods and services that meet all customers’ requirements. Targeting a particular market segment help create a solid customer-company relationship thus strengthens customer loyalty (Rosenbloom 2009, p. 1-20). Marketing activities to promote goods and services to target customers are considerably cheaper since customer influence is easily triggered. The scenario indicates that Wal-Mart’s core mission is to provide goods and services to low and middle income earners. In order to achieve this core mission, all the marketing activities are focussed on attracting and maintaining both lower and middle class shoppers. However, this retail Company has been a midpoint of attraction to upper class customers alongside lower and middle class. For the company, the shopping turn up of the upper class is more than that of lower and middle class. From the events in the scenario, the company faces a problem of unintended target customer. That is, the company’s marketing activities are focussed on attracting more low and middle-income earners but instead, the upper class is attracted more. The company’s marketing team therefore, feels like making a marketing mistake. Management decision The most appropriate management decision for the retail company’s marketing department is to maintain in the course of their current marketing strategy. The current marketing strategy targets low and middle class according to the company’s core marketing target but more upper class customers are attracted in stead. To clarify more on the preferred decision, take for instance two marketing elements, that is, price and positioning. Product prices are costs to the customers. The current Wal-Mart’s pricing strategy is intended to be friendly to both lower and middle class income earners. The upper class has identified that Wal-Mart’s pricing is more pocket friendly compared to its competitors and therefore have decided to switch shopping areas. The previou
Introduction Critical infrastructure vulnerability is a major issue that needs an appropriate level of protection from natural disasters and cyberattacks. The paper will primarily focus on the United States’ approach to critical infrastructure protection in order to thoroughly understand the essential elements of ensuring nationwide resilience. Both natural disasters and cybercrime are major threats to the critically important units of the US, which is why one needs to comprehend the evolution of the defensive strategies and current methods of minimizing the damage. Therefore, it is important to understand the concept of critical infrastructure units, determine essential sectors, identify key problems, and assess the implications through possible solutions in order to increase the nation’s resilience to natural disasters. Critical Units Background The concepts of “critical sectors,” “critical industries,” and “critical infrastructure” appeared in the United States at the beginning of the last century and were used most often in the context of the proper organization and functioning of socially significant systems, including roads and channels. Although these concepts have already been widely used by politicians and experts, a unified approach to their definition at that time has not yet developed (Lewis, 2020). Nevertheless, critical sectors, industries, and critical infrastructure are vital to society. Any problems with them can be dangerous for people who often do not realize the importance of essential sectors, industries, and critical infrastructure. The vital importance of critical sectors, industries, and critical infrastructure becomes dramatically apparent to the public only during natural and man-made disasters, wars, and terrorist attacks. The most important component of the essence of critical sectors, industries, and critical infrastructure is the fact that they are all in varying degrees of interdependence. Thus, the destruction or partial destruction of one segment, industry, or critical infrastructure leads to an immediate negative impact on the adjacent critical sector, industry, critical infrastructure, or its components. Moreover, the stability of critical sectors, industries, and critical infrastructure of nation-states is often determined only by internal determinants and instruments of state regulation, but also by external factors that are often outside the linear control of the nation-state. It is important to determine the importance of studying global approaches to the regulation of critical sectors, industries, and critical infrastructure in order to identify the most effective tools for such an impact. The United States, as a state, has traditionally been distinguished by a clear and consistent focus on its national economic and geopolitical interests (Viira, 2018). It has ensured the institutionalization of the most complex system of state regulation of critical secto
An article titled “Why We Need a Conceptual Framework for Managerial Costing” starts off by mentioning that managerial costing is essentially management accounting which provides internal structure to the company. IMA members are the target audience, as there are several structural benefits that management accounting can offer. Managerial costing is a framework that allows for an easier and more efficient decision making. A company must be productive, effective and practical in its management. The knowledge of the costs and what type of requirements there are is very important, but the ability to use the information and apply it to practice is a skill that is just as needed, if not more. The business and the public will be made aware of the financial statements, as a result the system of the business will be aligned to perform with highest output (White et al. 38). At the same time, they have to be specific in the requests and regulations, so that there is a structure and order in the operation. As the accounting is in charge and can take a more global look at the business structure, it has to shape the culture and the inner, as well as outer relations with other workers and the public. The first sign of ineffective organization is a loss of assets and stability in the company. A disorganized structure will have immediate effects on the functioning of the corporation as a unit. Many times, there is a miscommunication between the management and employees. Ineffective and faulty cost management leads to debts and inability to perform at the needed times. The management has duties that are related to the distribution of roles and finances in the company. Their main focus is on the creation of conditions, which can be used for the benefit of a business. Employees, in turn, have a goal of making a salary for themselves but also supporting the company, so that it keeps running, thus providing them with a work place. In order to improve, the cost framework must be known to all people involved, as it will leave out any misunderstanding or overlaying of work (Weil 2005). A business has some basic and concrete general patterns and structure. The fact that there will always be people and organizations which provide a service or a product, makes it one of the oldest professions. For a very long time, people have been creating cooperative relationships based on cost effectiveness, which would allow for an easier and quicker gain of finances. The crediting system has very much been involved in business, at any time. The banks have always co-existed with the business world but in the present times, their span has grown. And then, there is the culture of the time, which constantly changes. The article justifiably notes that without an organized and intelligent framework of cost management, the company will be full of wrong decisions. GAAP sets the guideline and presents limitations that must be taken into consideration when managing costs. There are also types of non-financial data and resources that have a