ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A person would want to present or record his or her personal accomplishments or achievements over time. A structural collection of this information differs with respect to career field of the individuals or their experience. Such a structural consolidation of a person’s progress or achievements presented in a formal record is called a portfolio. A portfolio may consist of materials illustrating one’s abilities and may be in form of resume, a notebook or any other presentation containing the original document relating to the individual abilities. A portfolio with one’s academic experiences and achievements in line with the professional growth and development is referred to as academic portfolio and is prepared to cove a given period of time. In this essay we shall discuss what is really meant by the term academic portfolio and what its use is. We shall also look at a brief history of academic portfolio and what its content is. Discussion History of Academic Portfolio Academic portfolio is a clear history of one’s academic development including the personal work and out put realized, self evaluation and the feedback that is received in his of service at work. It also stipulates the future plans of an individual in his academic progression. Portfolios have changed from being used for education achievements alone and they are now used in all career categories to record performance, skills and experience gained at work. The use of academic portfolio has also changed over time is currently vastly used in evaluating individual performance in a certain occupation. All employers in the world today rely on the academic portfolio in order to mitigate the risk involved in recruiting employees. Academic portfolio was initially taken as a project that every student must accomplish after accomplishing an academic degree (Stewart 2010, 1). Currently, the portfolio is a continuous record of personal journey that one goes through in the education profession and including all the experience gained that enhance the education progression. Academic portfolio is updated as time continues and as more experience is gained over time. There are different formats that are used for the preparation or presentation of academic portfolio depending on the use for which it is prepared. There is no specific format that is universally accepted for the preparation of the academic portfolio but it should be formal and presentable. As regard to the content, it is for the individuals to decide on what to include in the portfolio. Every academic portfolio development depends on the purpose for which it is prepared but there are some basic details that must be included for the document to be regarded as academic portfolio. Definition of an Academic Portfolio Arter (2003, 1) describes academic portfolio in the context of student po
Research title To investigate the causes, laws regulating, methods of suicide philosophical implications and religious dimension of suicide in colleges. Research Framework College going students are prone to committing suicide due to the age disposition that comes along with a lot of physical and mental changes. For this reason this paper attempts to give detailed information on the causes and effects of the high levels of suicide with the aim of providing a starting point for dealing with it. (Suicide.org, 2009) Research hypothesis The Levels of suicide in colleges are high and could rise if nothing is done about it. Research objectives  1. To investigate the causes and methods of suicide in colleges.  2. To study the regulation of law on suicide and cases of aiding the suicide of another person.  3. To determine the philosophical implications of suicide and the religious dimensions to suicide. (Suicide.org, 2009) Research Methodology Data collection is majorly based on secondary data from library materials and primary data from medical institutions. Journals and books on suicide will form the source of data. Primary data will be collected using questionnaires and interviews with students among other people within the college. The library research will have the larger share of the data while the local primary documents will take a smaller portion. (Suicide.org, 2009)Information from the data collected will be used for recommendations and conclusion. Literature review and data analysis Suicide is the purposeful ending of ones life due to personal, cultural and social factors. It’s the third leading cause of death among people aged 10 to 24 years which is the college going age. Doctor assisted suicide on the other side is ending the life of a fatally sick or injured person in a method that is painless or causes minimal pain with the intention of ending the suffering of the individual or saving another. (Salib, Cawley &Healy, 2002)It is also referred to as Euthanasia and is a constitutional right for a person who chooses to do it. The causes of suicide According to the research, the causes of suicide are depression that results from social or cultural factors like segregation and racism and genetically inclined depression among college students. Untreated mental illnesses among other physical illnesses are a major cause for suicide in colleges. Another cause for suicide is the feelings of disparity that result from the death of a loved one, divorce, separation
Introduction Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In is the book that deals with the psychology of negotiation. It is written by Roger Fisher and William Ury, who described their method of principled negotiation in details for the readers to find out how they can win any dispute. Principles According to the authors’ method, one should maintain four fundamental principles of negotiation to make a good agreement. These are:  1. “separate the people from the problem;  2. focus on interests rather than positions;  3. invent multiple options looking for mutual gains before deciding what to do;  4. insist that the result be based on some objective standard” (Fisher and Ury 124). These principles correspond with the main elements of negotiation. Thus, one is to cope with the situation considering “people, interests, options and criteria” (Fisher and Ury 123). Critics Even though the theory was proved to be working, it was questioned by many authors, and Alan Tidwell was one of them (Matyók, Senehi, and Byrne 389). I also have some concerns about it. First of all, I believe that the authors failed to pay needed attention to the situation and context of the dispute. General ideas and steps are not always the best things one should follow. For example, if the problem is a person, then the considered issue cannot be solved using the first principle. If a person deals with the feelings, it might be impossible to have an objective standard (Funken 4). All feelings are originally subjunctive, and people can try to create a certain framework to evaluate them and prove their opinion to win the dispute, but the basis of the results will be biased. Moreover, when the issue is found within an extremely strict environment, mutual gains are often impossible to reach. For instance, if the problem occurred at work and one who fails to prove his/her opinion would be considered guilty and fired, it is impossible to achieve mutual gain. The idea to pay more attention to the person’s interests is also questionable. Provis underlines that the things people want are not always good for them (Forrester 92). Thus, it would be better if the authors considered the risks that are likely to occur when unsound interests are in the focus. One may prove his/her thoughts to be true and get into a dangerous situation. Moreover, one’s interests do not always correspond with the values and beliefs and can be inconsistent with cultural or religious views. It often occurs that the parties are not on equal terms and the results are gained not due to the usage of the principles (Bühring-Uhle, Kirchhoff, Scherer 157). When we are talking about the issue between people of different age or social status or companies who have different income and recognition, we usually can easily predict whose interests will be victorious. The power of one of the opponents is neglected by the authors. Fisher and Ury claim that they should not use any tricks in the process of negotiation. However, such approach is rarely
With industrialization, there came a drastic change of emphasis from human centered output to machine oriented. The importance of human labor was neglected as it was believed the acquisition of sophisticated machines was the prime agenda for guaranteed success in a company or organization. However, it was observed that neglected employees of any company resulted in sluggish and minimal development and profits. Companies sought out to rectify this by establishing human resource management department (Armstrong, 2006). Human resource management basically refers to addressing the plight of employees in a given organization, handling their employment, recruitment, promotion medical care, leave, skills utilization, compensation and keeping their every record. To the employer, it creates a management system that pertains to long term goals. Unlike in the past, human resource ensures employees are hired by their credentials and qualification. Communication between the employer and employees is enhanced and their relationship is cordial. Through it strikes, boycotts, and go slows are minimized due to the cultivated relationship and healthy communication (Ulrich, 1996). Theadministration is normally based on the structure and nature of the organization, whether centralized or decentralized and the product or service it provides. Human resource management attracts employees, maintains & manages them effectively and utilizes them to their maximum productivity. Employees are then divided into their positions, specialization and division of labor creating an orderly and conducive work environment. It is also the task of the human resource management to ensure labor as well as material costs is as minimal as possible while at the same time carrying out customer service improvement and also working hand in hand with other managers of different department. For the management, it is also important to come up with strategies for effective administration like proactive planning and also necessary to evaluate the company’s position, project where it should be, set goals and mechanisms to achieving them. Finding out policies of other companies, in relation to human resource, comparing and contrasting them for gaining vast knowledge on how other companies handle their human force. Extensive and intensive research and knowledge of laws relating to employees like labor laws to ensure no rights of individuals are violated deliberately or by ignorance. Employees are also supposed to be actively engaged in decision making especially those directly affecting them, encourage critical thinking and individual innovations (Mathis, 2006). Employees union and organizations are not to be prohibited or undermined instead they should be encouraged and have representatives in many panels to keep the management and employees in touch. Employees’ bodies are very important in problem solving and negotiating deals on behalf of the employees. The human resource management also endeavors in creating a credible tradition and culture observed by all and gives all a sen
Summary The narrator of this article avoided making early decisions in life because of his fear of failure. The decisions that he had made were not very fulfilling. He claims his life is like an enormous menu that does not offer a sampler plate. He says he cannot make an order of fear, saying that his stomach might be filled and never get a chance of tasting other things on the menu. He therefore prefers side orders that are never satisfying. However, the narrator affirms that he has learned the trick, which is to make assured choices that are varied but sufficient to fulfill his desires in life. He points that there is no adequate time in one’s life to experience even a fraction of all the incidences on the Earth, hence the need to make decisions on time. According to him, there is a need to make few choices on the menu that he can really enjoy and commit to so that when he passes on, he will have lived a fulfilled life. Essay Just like a hotel menu that has different delicacies listed, some expensive and some quite affordable, life offers things that we may or may not afford. However, the kind of life one leads largely depends on the decisions one makes. Some live unfulfilled lives because they make mistakes in their decisions or they live a life that is not theirs. It is important for an individual to live his or her life. We are the sole makers or breakers of our lives. Therefore, when we are making decisions pertaining to our life, sobriety is a virtue of great essence. This is because one wrong decision made may have long term undesirable effects on one’s life and worst still could cost one his or her life. Any decision we make shapes our life because we consciously or unconsciously follow it. For instance, a frustrated jobless father who cannot cater for his family may decide to seek solace in alcoholism. Such a decision could frustrate him even more because the person may not have logically analyzed the negative and positive aspects associated with that choice. In order to make a precise decision of what is important in one’s life is an explicit process that has various steps to be followed. First and foremost, we must realize the power that decisions wield in our lives. One decision made elicits a chain of actions. When one decides to drink a bottle of beer, the decision may lead to the person taking another and before one realizes he or she has become an alcoholic. Therefore the first decision will always be critical and determines the expected outcomes in a person’s life. The next step is setting your priorities right. We should start from the most basic needs all the way to basic wants. For instance, when one is faced with a dilemma of either pursuing a master’s degree or buying a car, such a tight spot calls for rational decision making. Based on facts, one should be able to decide what is more important. If the focus is on building a career for oneself, the best option should be furthering education. Another important step involves timely decision making. Many a time we consume too many
Introduction Bactrocera tryoni is a species of fruit fly and a horticultural pest commonly found in Queensland and Victoria. Like Drosophila melanogaster , B. tyroni is a model organism that the experiment employed to demonstrate gene mapping of the white gene using visible and molecular markers. B. tryoni specimens offer an appropriate model organism for gene mapping because they exhibit sympatric speciation, submit to forced copulation, and exist as pure strains (Gilchrist et al. 2014). A molecular technique, gene mapping entails the identification of genetic markers, the location of genes, genetic linkages and distances between genes. Gene mapping of B. tyroni is significant in determining the locus of the white gene and the pattern of inheriting phenotypes and genotypes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are two forms of molecular markers applied in mapping the white gene in B. tyroni. The white gene is a 680bp polymorphic exon with allele a having two restriction sites and allele b having one restriction site for Rsal (GTWC) (Choo et al. 2017). Therefore, the laboratory report aims to amplify the white gene, conduct restriction enzyme digest, and analyze restriction fragments with the overall objective of creating a gene map of visible and molecular markers. Materials and Methods We used a parental cross to obtain F1 progeny and a male backcross to get G2 progeny. The parental cross occurred between one stock of flies with homozygous wild-type white marks and homozygous recognition sites (wm + /wm + R a /R a ) and another stock with homozygous mutant white marks and homozygous recognition sites (wm/wm R b /R b ). We performed male backcross to obtain dominant white marks and a higher proportion of Rsal recognition sites in the G2 progeny. We isolated DNA samples from parental, F1, and G2 flies and labeled them according to their numbers and phenotypes. Each pair of students participated in the amplification of white genes using a thermal cycler. The final concentration of PCR master mix components were 0.5 mM dNTPs, 3 mM MgCl 2 , 67 mM Tris-HCL (pH 8), 16.6 mM [NH]SO 4 , 0.2 mg/ml gelatin and 0.45% Triton X-100, while primer mix and thermostable DNA polymerase had 0.35 units/μl and 12.5 μM, respectively. We prepared a total reaction volume of PCR (25 μl), which consisted of 18 μl of PCR master mix, 2 μl of primer mix, 3 μl of DNA, template and 2 μl of Taq polymerase. We placed reactants in a thermal cycler and set the PCR conditions as initial denaturation at 94°C for 3 minutes, denaturation at 94°C for 1 minute, annealing at 60°C for 1 minute, extension at 72°C for 1 minute, and a final extension at 72°C for 5 minutes. The P
DC complains about pain in the upper right quadrant, which contains the liver and the gallbladder; identifying the section of the abdomen in which pain occurs is one of the ways for health care providers to recognize if serious medical attention is needed and what the diagnosis may be (Marks, 2017). The patient’s symptoms, including feeling “gassy” and bloated and the spread of the pain into her back, qualify for the differential diagnosis of cholelithiasis, biliary colic, and cholecystitis. According to McCance and Huether (2014), the pathological processes involved are the formation of gallstones, the blocking of the bile duct with a gallstone, and the inflammation of the gallbladder respectively. However, the physician may opt for primarily administering an ECG to test if the patient has experienced a myocardial infarction; in some cases, pain in the upper part of the abdomen is a symptom of a heart attack, while there is no chest pain (Kirchberger, Heier, Wende, von Scheidt, & Meisinger, 2012). Further, necessary tests include blood tests that can reveal the signs of cholelithiasis or cholecystitis and image tests, such as CT and ultrasound scanning, that can show if the gallbladder is inflamed and if there are gallstones. The intervention that is most likely to be needed is the removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). This is a standard operation, and the risk of complications during it or during the recovery period is not high. In case gallstones are detected, treatment will include breaking them up with ultrasonic waves or removing them surgically. In either case, medications will not be an essential component of treatment; however, some drugs can be prescribed for dissolving cholesterol gallstones in case they are detected.
“The Beaubourg-Effect: Implosion and Deterrence” and “America” by Jean Baudrillard prove and highlight his exceptional vision and writing style. Both works are extreme analyses of urban architecture and, compared to each other, complete opposites in tone and emotion. Baudrillard is critical of a museum in Beaubourg calling it “most meaningless, stupid, [and] least cultural aspect” (1997b, p. 214). However, he takes a positive stance on North-American planning style noting its “brilliant, mobile, superficial neutrality” (Baudrillard, 1997a, p. 223). In “America”, the author emphasizes the comparison of his new observations with what is present in Europe. It seems as if Baudrillard finds the answers to why a monument in Beaubourg did not fulfil its mission by travelling overseas. Baudrillard is dissatisfied with the planning and existence of the Beaubourg monument and uses it to describe a self-destructing nature of cities. He implies that the idea of a continuous and ongoing flow of energy and people, which is the core of Beaubourg-monument, only created paradoxes and conflicts within itself (Baudrillard, 1997b). What once should have been a modern space introducing new culture and thinking, turned into a facade hiding old values and producing homogenous society (Baudrillard, 1997b). Beaubourg-Museum wanted to introduce new, but it only came “crushing and breaking all culture” (Baudrillard, 1997b, p. 211). Baudrillard rejects everything that was put into the construction and creation of this monument of modernity – he dislikes the surplus of unnecessary structures and design of interior spaces that limit people’s vision instead of broadening it. Nevertheless, he believes that space can save this Beaubourg-thing from implosion. Baudrillard links the paradox of Beaubourg with the current city system, which is built on the fatal expansion strategy. Similar to the museum he criticized, Baudrillard (1997b) claims that cities are self-destroying in nature – “[over]saturation and contraction … as in the physical system of stars” lead to “fire, wars, plague, revolutions, criminal marginality, catastrophes” (pp. 216-217). Although Baudrillard’s statements and writing might be perceived as extreme and subjective, they reflect the flaws of the current city expansion-oriented system, which in turn can cause social instability. The “America”, however, is an absolute opposite from “The Beaubourg-Effect: Implosion and Deterrence”. Despite abandoning ideals of “eco-architecture” and “eco-society”, Baudrillard found the city-planning structure that could be the saviour of the Beaubourg-effect (Baudrillard, 1997b, p. 219). By observing the architecture of cities and structures from New York to Salt Lake City and Disneyland, the author comes to another extreme conclusion – “they say streets are alive in Europe, but dead in America. They are wrong” (Baudrillard, 1997b, p. 219). The problem, however, is that American architecture is relatively new compared to Europe, which cannot be as flexible and spacious. Jean Baudrillard is a passionate and sometimes controversial post-modernist. His work on Beaubourg-effect is full of critical analysis, which finds paradoxe