ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In his article, Larry Elliott, an economics editor for The Guardian, analyzes Thomas Piketty’s book Capital in the Twenty-First Century. The article focuses on the books main theme, which suggests that the increase in inequality is eliminating capitalism. Elliot praises Piketty’s ability to utilize empirical evidence to develop a comprehensive historical overview of capitalism and describes the book as the possible answer to the issues resulting from the recent global economic crisis. In the article, the author effectively integrates different people’s opinions on the theme of the article. Elliot draws primary sources from different European countries to present his discussions. These opinions shape the analysis of the book and the conclusion of Elliot’s article. Elliot concludes by highlighting the significance of Piketty’s book in economic academia and the global economy. Elliot also supports Piketty’s view that increasing inequality will result in the absence of capitalism. Elliot’s article offers some thought-provoking points about Piketty’s book. The article reveals the interesting concepts in Piketty’s book. In the article, Piketty is presented as a person concerned for the position of the rich, especially if the social evidence of inequality continued at the pace it is. The interesting thing about this thematic analysis is that it focuses on a wealthy man, informing other wealthy and influential people, that their wealthy lives would be ruined if they failed to take note of the distressed and pathetic predicament of the underprivileged population. Elliot correctly hails Piketty’s use of evidence to present the historical transformation of capitalism in the world. Mexico is a significant example Piketty uses to buttress his stance on the need to reduce the gap between the wealthy and the poor. In Mexico, it is easy to observe the growing amount of fencing and exclusive societies for the wealthy, where it appears that their wealth necessitates an increase in their security consciousness. It is also easy to observe the imm
Introduction The investigation of factors that lead to better project performance and success is increasingly gaining currency among scholars and practitioners, especially after the realization that project management provides organisations with the means to be efficient, effective, and competitive in a changing, complex, and unpredictable environment (Ika 2009; Tabish & Jha 2012). Interestingly enough, according to Srivannaboon (2006), the recognition of the strategic importance of projects is rapidly accelerating as organisations attempt to enhance their innovative capacity, facilitate swift changes, and promote their adaptive capabilities. A prominent corollary of this claim is the strongly held belief by business practitioners and academics that aligning project management with the strategic objectives of the organisation can substantially raise the bar for achieving project success and competitive advantage (Crawford et al 2006), as well as increasing the chances of fulfilling set organisational goals, strategies and performance (Srivannaboon 2006; Patanakul et al 2010). This paper assesses and critiques current literature on project management, with the view to identifying and discussing how varied stakeholders within a temporary organisation may perceive the concept of project success. Understanding Temporary Organisations and Project Stakeholders Extant management literature demonstrates that temporary organisations, such as projects, programs and special task forces, are a common component of today’s organisational life though they last only for the duration that different stakeholders are working together on the projects or programs to make them fully operational, at the end of which the stakeholders separate (Lizzarralde et al. 2011; Jacobsson et al 2013). Representing a particular typology of temporary organisations, projects have become common vehicles for organisational change as they deliver strategic objectives and enhance the capacity for organisations to implement their strategies (Andersen 2006).
Introduction Jazz music has its origin dating back to as far as the beginning of the 20 th century with an African American origin. Louis Armstrong is described to be the man best known around the would as the founding father of Jazz (Louis Armstrong house museum, 2008) while on the other hand, Dizzy Gillespie is reputed to have music that is a major contributing factor to the development of a modern jazz known as “bebop”. Louis Armstrong Lois Armstrong was born in the American poverty stricken neighborhoods called “Battlefield” on the 4 th of August 1904 in New Orleans, Louisiana. At age 12, Louis fired a borrowed pistol while celebrating the New Year (1913) that saw him arrested and taken to the Colored Waifs’ home for boys. He eventually got influenced by Peter Davis, the musical instructor of the home, who taught him singing, percussion and ultimately the trumpet. On his release at age 14, he sought for bars in the Storyville district to listen for jazz bands that were at the time just arising. On developing interest on Joe “King” Oliver’s music, Joe become Louis’s mentor, as Peter Davis had been before and by age 17, Louis was already playing in numerous bands with his horn, of which he had bought at the age of 7. Louis joined King Oliver’s band in 1922 in Chicago, and that is where he me his wife, Lillian Hardin who was the group’s pianist [1] . He played the second cornet in the band for two years where he gained much popularity to surpass Oliver’s within few months. His style displayed improvisation, making him to be a major influencer on the initiation and progress of melody in jazz during the 20s [2] . Louis went on to organize several bands, with the most eminent being “The original hot five” and “The hot seven” [3] (St. George, 2009).1n 1964, Louis recorded “Hello Dolly”, a song which was his biggest hit to gain the number one spot in the USA. In addition the songs “Mark the knife”, “All of me” and “On the sunny side of the street” remind his fans about him. His dedication saw him make at least 300 gigs around the world every year, consequently gaining international popularity and fame and nickname “Ambassador Satch”. Louis’s Contribution to Jazz and the Society According to [4] , many musicians and Historians have confirmed that he was the most influential personality in the birth of jazz. Additionally, he appeared in a total of 28 full length movies with a couple of short features from 1931 to 1961. This escapade contributed a great deal in popularizing jazz to an international level. Furthermore, his acting career in movies struggled to win respect to jazz against classical music with its corollary themes [5] . His movies were shot at the time when racism was eminent in the USA. They therefore went a long way in stating up the African American History in the cinema. Louis being born August 4 th always insisted that his birthday was in July 4 th [6] . Jazz, was latter termed as music th
Introduction Robust trade is the lifeline for any nation’s economy. In this era of globalization, aspects of national trade and economy are intricately connected with the trade practices of other countries in the world. To ensure that all signatory nations have equal opportunities to prosper economically and trade their goods and produce fairly, the World Trade Organization has through its statutory body, promulgated trade dispute mechanisms. Despite a promulgated arbitration timeline, resolution of cases may extend anything from 15 months to years. The US-Canada Corn dispute is one such case for which the Canadian government has approached the WTO to adjudicate. This case is fairly recent, initiated by Canada on 8 January 2007 and has been accepted by the WTO as Dispute Settlement Case 357 (DS 357). While the case has still not reached the adjudicator’s panel, it has great geostrategic importance in addition to the bilateral aspects. This essay aims to explain the dispute, reactions of the involved parties including outside agencies, its possible ramifications and the possible end results. The Genesis In 2005, The Canadian Corn Producers(CCP) association had complained to the Canadian government on the unfair trade practices being followed by the American government in providing huge subsidies to their farmers. They wanted the Canadian government to invoke anti-dumping laws and in their opening remarks of a presentation to the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-food stated that: “ Trade injury caused by US subsidies has meant that Canadian corn producers now face the difficult choice of continuing to produce corn at less than the cost of production for years on end, or not producing corn at all. Canadian corn producers cannot continue under the current situation. This will be the last year for many of our producers if no relief from the harmful effects of US subsidies and dumping is obtained”(CCP, 3). Subsequent to that complaint, a case of Antidumping (AD) and Countervailing (CV) duty was filed by the CCP in Canada’s International Trade Tribunal (CITT) whose preliminary findings indicated possibilities of dumping by the US. Using this ‘preliminary’ assessment, The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) ordered a levy of $1.65 per bushel as tariff on US imported corn. This arbitrary action resulted in a US request for WTO dispute settlement on 17 March 2006. Faced with a legally difficult situation, the CITT chose to give a final verdict on April 18, 2006, in favour of the United States. “However, Canadian corn producers continued to press their concerns with the Canadian government about perceived unfair subsidization of US Corn” (Schnepf, 2). Whether the perceptions were real or not, the reality of the uncompetitive nature of the Canadian corn produce was evident. Canada’s average annual production of 8.7 million metric tons (MMT) since 2000, is minuscule in comparison to the U.S. figures of nearly 262 MMT. Canadian import of US corn had risen to 2.8 MMT per year and was significantly cheaper. “Corn farmers argued that
As a matter of fact, renewable energy that includes wind, solar, hydropower, biomass, ocean, geothermal, or biofuel energy, may be regarded as a highly essential power generation source in the nearest future due to its efficiency and the impact on ecosystems. The major benefit of the generation of renewable energy is the minimization of water and air pollution as it does not presuppose carbon dioxide emission and soil erosion. Consequently, clean soil, water, and air contribute to the safety of ecosystems all over the world. However, regardless of its multiple advantages, the sources of renewable energy may be potentially harmful to the environment. Their negative influence is predominantly connected with the location and peculiarities of facilities, the production of constructions’ parts, and the improper utilization of materials required for production. For instance, the use of wind energy is highly beneficial for the preservation of ecosystems in the future. First of all, it may be regarded as a free and renewable source the supply of which will not change in the course of time. Moreover, wind energy is a source of non-polluting and clean electricity – in comparison with traditional power plants, wind stations do not emit greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. At the same time, wind energy may have a negative effect on wildlife through the constructions for its generation. Thus, all wind plants have “the potential to disrupt wildlife behavior through day-to-day turbine operation, maintenance activity, and construction noise” (NREL, 2020, para. 4). In addition, spinning turbine blades may be dangerous for lying species, including birds and bats (Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, n.d.). Although this impact may look insignificant, its accumulation may substantially change ecosystems, especially coastal ones. In this case, governmental approaches to the design, construction, and operation of wind plants should be improved (NREL, 2020). Offshore winds are a great source of clean energy, however, the natural habitats of wildlife should be protected from the negative consequences of wind energy generation. Similar to wind energy, solar energy contributed to the preservation of ecosystems by the absence of hazardous gas emissions. At the same time, the constructions for its generation may have a negative impact on the environment as well. First of all, “larger utility-scale solar facilities can raise concerns about land degradation and habitat loss,” and they c
Literature Review Introduction to Literature This section reviews and evaluates literature and theories regarding transnational project management as well as the various issues that often come up when it comes to managing regional teams that have different business cultures and work ethics. It is anticipated that through this section, an understanding of proper methods of conflict mitigation for different regional teams can be created which can help considerably when it comes to evaluating the results of the study and developing proper recommendations. Limitations of the study Overall, the data-collection process is not expected to be overly difficult; however, some challenges may be present in collecting information from the various companies that would be needed for this paper. This difficulty can be overcome by presenting a letter, backed by the professor of the researcher, in which the details of research project will be outlined and a thorough explanation be given as well that would assure the company that no personally identifiable information or any trade secrets will be asked for by the researcher. Aside from this, access to online academic resources such as the EBSCO, JSTOR as well as other such online databases should have all the necessary information for the document analysis portion of the study. If they should prove to be relevant, various books will also be included in the study on an “as needed basis”. Furthermore, information from various websites should prove to be useful when it comes to steering the study towards the correct literature or arguments to advocate. Understanding the Origin of the Issue First and foremost, what must be understood is that through globalization, international expansion and the process of outsourcing, work teams within companies are no longer isolated to merely being within the same building or even in the same country, instead they are now scattered across countries and business cultures which present day project management practices need to take into consideration (Ochieng & Price 2010). The reason why this is important is due to the fact that work teams are the backbone of any project wherein through the utilization of a variety of management practices these teams are the basis by which any project reaches its completion (Stahl, Mäkelä, Zander & Maznevski 2010). However, due to the nature of transnational operations, it becomes immediately obvious that creating a harmonious method of cooperation, collaboration and communication is easier said than done (Stahl, Maznevski, Voigt & Jonsen 2010). For instance, one clear example showing just how difficult it is to manage teams across borders can be seen in the case of Microsoft and the development process that surrounded its Windows Vista operating system which was widely criticized due to its flawed design and the fact that the process that went into its creation was fraught with considerable delays and errors (Winkler & Bouncken 2011). The problem faced by Microsoft at the time was due
Definition Plagiarism is the use of someone else’s work as your own with attribution of the source (Clarke, 2006). The plagiarized elements The student did not plagiarize extensively and actually, She/he had an idea of how to go around sentences without copying them word for word. She/he however, missed out on certain words and these are what contributed to the plagiarism. Using the phrase “conflict of interest” has amounted to a plagiarism report as this is a big percentage of the sentence The rest of the errors were in the last sentence where borrowing the words warp, negative results, skimming over, drawbacks, buffing and the phrase best light made the sentence appear plagiarized. The edited version of the sentences First sentence Instead of using the phrase conflict of interest, the student should have used “self-gratifying desires” Last sentence However, the released data may not be objective for five reasons: ending a study too soon, avoiding the presentation of dissenting results, publishing findings too early, not going into an in-depth analysis or ignoring the challenges, and sprucing up the results by presenting them in
Introduction This paper focuses on egg harvesting and freezing in women as a contemporary issue of interest (Rosenblum, 2014; Matthews, 2014). The attitude survey responses will assist women in employment, employers and the public to understand some critical issues surrounding the practice. The issue will guide the processes involved in creating an attitude survey. Attitude surveys allow researchers to gather valuable data about perceptions on different issues of interests. Such survey help in collecting data that reflect facts, personal experiences, opinions and general feelings about issues of interests to humanity. Attitude surveys usually target individuals so that they can provide their personal outlook about issues. Questionnaire used must follow certain sequences or order. The purpose of the survey The major aim of this self-administered attitude survey is to examine personal views of individuals regarding egg harvesting and freezing in women. The survey will aid in understanding women perception about egg harvesting and freezing, employers’ points of view, the public’s perception and consequences associated with such practices. It assesses whether women should concentrate on their careers at the expense of starting and raising families. The survey will be based on open-ended questions to allow respondents to provide deeper insights on the issue under investigation. At the same time, ranking scales will be used to determine how much respondents agree with the study questions or issues presented. The researcher aims to collect rich data through open-ended questions and ranking scales. Evaluating the public’s attitudes and perceptions about critical contemporary issues can provide hidden insights from personal perspectives. Women who opt to harvest and freeze their eggs have greater responsibilities for families and their employers. By examining how individuals perceive such practices, one can understand how they will affect society in different ways. It is necessary to acknowledge benefits and gaps associated with egg harvesting and freezing in women. At the same time, it is important to respect individual’s right to choices. The preliminary design issues It is necessary to note that the attitude survey is designed to explore an abstract concept (attitude), which has a social construction and may be elusive and different across the population and thus difficult to measure. The survey will involve interviews or will be self-administered. The researcher expects to collect rich data, but it is not clear whether data saturation (collection of data on all potential aspects of the case) will be achieved. Given the nature of data required, the major difficult was how to design questions that would elicit accurate, honest and thoughtful responses from respondents. On this note, rating scale will be used in the study (Giacomini & Cook, 2000). Selecting the appropriate design for the study was a major challenge. In addition, developing questions that
Introduction Natural disasters present significant threats to the population and the environment. They may cause severe damages to people’s houses and property, as well as result in poor health outcomes and deaths. It is vital to discuss the causes of natural disasters to develop strategies for mitigating their consequences. This research report presents the investigation of the Tathra bushfire. The paper discusses the affected areas, the causes of the hazard, and its impacts. In addition, the report suggests solutions for managing similar disasters in the future. The 2018 Tathra Bushfire The natural disaster selected for this report is the Tathra bushfire. The bushfire occurred between 18 and 19 March 2018 and affected the South Coast region of New South Wales in Australia. The report by The Guardian shows that fire destroyed 65 houses and 35 caravans and cabins; almost 50 houses were damaged (Knaus). As a result of the Tathra bushfire, more than 150 individuals had to relocate to temporary accommodations, alongside those who had to find shelter at their families’ and friends’ homes. Some of the affected people had to spend around 18 months in temporary accommodations (Knaus). No individuals died during the Tathra bushfire, however, hundreds of dairy cattle were killed (Schipp et al.). As a result of the hazard, more than 1,200 hectares were burned out. The bushfire was characterized by high speed and sporadic patterns. The disaster occurred in the forests near the bank of Bega River and Tathra, a small town in the Far South Coast region of New South Wales. The fire crossed the river and moved towards Thomson drive. As shown in Figure 1, the Tathra bushfire affected more than 60% of properties in Thomson drive, as well as the Tathra residential area (Mumtaz et al. 14). The image reveals that the majority of destroyed houses were not close to the forest; the fire was caused by ember attacks. It is necessary to mention that in the Tathra region, such hazards occur once every three years (Mumtaz et al. 6). The area is characterized by a higher forest growth rate due to a high annual rainfall compared to other locations, which results in frequent and large fires. Figure 1. Areas affected by the Tathra bushfire (Mumtaz et al. 13). Causes of the Bushfire Several factors contributed to the spread of the Tathra bushfire. The primary cause of the hazard was the failure in electrical infrastructu
Some Christian, Jewish, and Muslim fundamentalists are using their views to control people in their community and worldwide and have similarities of being a cult. Fundamentalism, whether it is Christian, Jewish or Muslim, seems to be on the rise. Fundamentalists think they are defending the “true” faith, but are they? Why are these movements spreading and what is their nature? Christians, Jews, and Muslims are religions based on the Abrahamic doctrines and are characterized by opposition to those who fail to follow their beliefs and teachings. These are monotheist faiths since they worship a supreme deity referred by different names. They are ignorant of ‘others’ faiths and oppose their standpoint, therefore denying them mutual understanding and respect essential for people to coexist harmoniously (Ruthven 4). These religions have an “us and them” syndrome where they observe themselves as victims, and therefore marginalize themselves from the main society where they have continued to thrive. In addition, religious fundamentalism forms the foundation of unrest since nineteen eighties, when Berlin Wall collapsed and marked the end of the Soviet Union, hence end of cold war hacking left its scars on Asia Latin America and Africa. Modern religious wars have led to great number of people being killed having religion as the grounds for inspiration and identity (Ruthven 5). Religion is therefore the opium of the masses as asserted by Karl Marx. Fundamentalism is a pejorative concept used in a sacred context, which can be defined as firm adherence to certain theological beliefs due to a literal understanding of the scriptures and opposes the popular beliefs (Bruce 9). Fundamentalism is a concept that can be traced in the early twentieth century and is used in today’s world to refer to religious beliefs supported by individu