ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Domestic micro-generation is gaining popularity in the UK. It means electricity generation by users and household owners. Both the government and the private sector are focusing their resources for its implementation. It is believed that 15% of CO2 emissions will be reduced once micro-generation has been fully implemented by 2050. Micro-generation seems to be the hope of environmentalists to save the Earth. It will enhance the role of households in fighting climate change. It will create energy generators out of consumers. And it is a noble idea that will surely benefit people and environment. But there are barriers in its implementation. The question is how and what are the ways. Not that it is impossible or too difficult to implement. As in the usual project implementation, teamwork and collaboration are needed. This project needs the support of all the stakeholders considering that there are many steps and stages that have to be followed to make it successful. There can be various drivers of change for this attractive endeavour. Policy makers and businesses are actively pursuing it. The UK government has initiated moves to make micro-generation a primary undertaking. The Micro-generation Strategy was released in March 2006 with the aim of dealing with barriers and problems. A law was passed, the Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006, to support government initiatives on micro-generation. Another move was the creation of Energy Review, an information material to outline the aggressive activities of the UK government. (Watson et al., 2008, p. 1) The Energy Saving Trust of the UK said that micro-generation will answer 30-40% of the country’s electricity demand by the year 2050. This will benefit the environment because it will reduce 25% of
Introduction Employee orientation is a strategy used by companies to equip new recruits with necessary job requisites. In most cases, employee orientation attempts to familiarize new staff to the company’s culture, operation methods, dress codes and physical surroundings. However, stiff competition in the global market has expanded in scope of orientation to accommodate training sessions. This essay outlines various training strategies used by the Hewlett Packard (HP) Company as a competitive tool. HP Orientation Policy Hewlett Packard is one of the most successful computer companies in the world. The secre
Allocation of mixed costs between variable and fixed costs Cost behaviour analysis separates mixed costs and allocates them as either fixed or variable costs (Siegel & Shim, 2000). In essence, some costs contain both the fixed and the variable costs and are, thus, referred to as mixed costs. For example, “if the utilities entail a portion of connection fee which is a fixed cost and usage fee which is a variable cost then it becomes a mixed cost” (Albrecht et al.2011). Examples of mixed costs are sales promotions and factory overheads. To carry business planning analysis through the CVP, “separation is essential to ensure that there is a distinction between variable and fixed costs” (Siegel & Shim, 2000). The least square method is applied to separate the two elements. Variable costs usually change with changes in levels of production in an organization. On the other hand, fixed costs remain constant even if the levels of production changes. Other methods include use of scatter graph or the high-low method. The low-high formula is easier to separate fixed and variable costs. Changes in cost structure if the volume falls outside a relevant range If the volume produced falls outside the range, fixed assets were affected, thus, altering the cost structure. In this case, adjustments are required to maintain the accounting records. For instance, if more units are produced that expected then wage and rent costs (fixed costs) are increased. Allocation of direct and indirect costs to similar product lines An organization can allocate direct costs and indirect costs to similar product lines through basis of allocation. According to Albrecht et al. (2011) direct costs are traceable and once traced, they can be assigned to the required product line. On the other hand, indirect costs are hardly traceable and allocated. Direct costs can be saved because of their traceability. In most cases, direct costs are variable while the indirect costs are fixed which makes it easy to allocate (Albrecht et al.2011). Therefore, through focus on the direct costs, it is easy to determine which segment requires allocation to improve performance. How allocation of costs between variable and fixed help management plan It helps an organization to calculate the breakeven point of the organization. With breakeven analysis, an organization can calculate the lowest point where it can produce while still making profits. It also helps in knowing the direction of the organization and calculation of the profits. Knowing these costs, managers can easily make decisions easily and determine the levels of productions in segments where profits are made. Lastly, knowing the changes in these costs, management can easily allocate the resources in a more appropriate manner. Analysis of the Compnet’s financial data Based on the available information, fixed costs will be expected to increase to cover the anticipated production. For instan
What target market(s) would you recommend for Aqualisa and why? The most convenient markets that the company could target include direct consumers, the Do-It Yourselfers and the plumbers. Direct consumers comprise of an enormous potential market that is currently controlled by Triton Company, despite the fact that Aqualisa’s products are more superior and modernized. This target market requires information on the products through vigorous advertisement. Tapping this market would mean controlling the largest target market, and could result to a big rise in sales. It had worked with Triton before, though their products were not as consumer friendly as those of Aqualisa. The Do-It-Yourselfers prefer showers that are cheap and easy to install. Quartz brands do not require technical skills to install, although their prices are relatively high. However, with Gainsborough line, which is an inferior product in this market; Quartz, which is a premium product, could still be acceptable due to its distinctive features and efficiency. The plumbers are a conservative market as they do not readily change brands. However, their ability to influence the market is high. Independent plumbers account for 54% of all installations of showers in the U.K. (Moon 2006). Moreover, most consumers tend to seek a plumber’s advice when selecting a shower or even leave it to the plumber’s choice. Winning the plumbers’ market could serve Aqualisa well in the long-run because plumbers tend to be loyal to brands due to their conservative nature. Briefly describe the most appropriate target market profiles you would prioritize Direct consumers are mainly the end users of the product. On one side, they understand their needs and, therefore, are likely to be in favor of brands which best meet their needs. Direct consumers will always influence the kind of products that are in the market. In U.K., most direct consumers depend on plumbers’ advice to know the brands to install. The greatest potential is in replacement of showers, which accounts for 44% of all installations. New buyers are fewer, comprising only 25% of the installations (Moon 2006). The easiest ways to tap into this market would be through major product campaigns and advertisements, and through the plumbers who are their main advisers The do-it-yourselfers comprise of a market that Aqualisa could easily control. The ease of installation of the Quartz showers could work positively for Aqualisa since no exceptional skills are required, and independent plumbers are very few; about 10,000 in the entire U.K (Moon 2006). Hiring a plumber is extremely expensive since plumbers are usually paid on an hourly bas
In capitalism and consumer-driven society seeking instant gratification of needs, marketing plays a powerful role. When the topic comes to food, advertisements are one of the most influential tools to drive consumers to purchase. A significant bulk of close to 50% of advertisements in any media space is directly about food or a place or service associated with food. Food advertising uses a set of concepts and marketing tools to appeal to consumers’ tastes and manipulate perceptions which lead to direct economic spending but often result in unhealthy food choices that can cause population health problems. Brief History Food-related advertising in the United States can be divided into three evolutionary stages: fragmentation, unification, and segmentation. Fragmentation was the period prior to the 1900s where most foods were local, and there was little long-term transport resulting in regional brands dominating the market, advertising in local media such as gazettes. As industrialization occurred, canned and products appeared along with mass manufacturing resulting in brands such as Heinz, Campbell Soup, and Pillsbury appearing. Food could not be distributed safely and efficiently over long distances. At this point, national food advertising unified and expanded, taking over visibility from local products and establishing brand identities such as the iconic Campbell can or Morton Salt’s umbrella girl. Towards the latter end of the 20th-century, food production was in abundance, and there were many competing brands, leading to the segmentation stage of advertising. Brands and products sought to differentiate and appeal to various marking segments. Advertising became creative, appealing, and sought to be more than just information for the consumer, but a primary method to incite a purchase (Edds, 1980). General Concepts of Food Marketing Advertising is critical to marketing in the U.S. food system, being the second largest in the national economy. Advertising is a key aspect in the food market because at least 12.5% of consumer spending is based on food, it is a repeat-purchase item leading to the continuous flow of profits, and food is one of the most branded items. At the same time, the food market is highly competitive and volatile due to changing trends and consumer views,
In the modern-day world of prevailing dynamism, that is moving from progress to greater progress, or better said beauty to higher beauty in an endless motion, underneath all ostensible pandemonium and bewilderment. The trend, which dominates the globe, is its demonstration of orderliness and maintenance, which display their external mark and at the same time symbolize the inflexible geometry of the cities of the world. In its smoke trails, in its analogous car tracks, and its streets, its factories, and the bridges and its gas tanks, by making use of the underscoring mechanical configuration, the artist could generate a new appearance of optimism through the simple shapes in art forms. The artwork of Damien Hirst is deeply influenced by the modern world of complexities of culture that includes various parameters like social, political, technological, economic, and religious aspects. Born in 1965, Damien Steven Hirst is considered one of the greatest living English artists and an active member of the YBA or “Young British Artists”. He came into prominence during the early part of the 1990s among the British artists and dominated the art scenario of the UK. Soon he was recognized as a prominent international artist at the beginning of the 2000s. He is almost overwhelmed by the concept of death. It can be stated that his artistic philosophy has been shaped and influenced by two different and opposing essences. One is beauty and the other is death. It is an interesting factor that these two elements are closely associated among the cultural aspects of the modern world and the artist has been highly influenced by these elements (Kar, p. 88). These two elements gave rise to the elements of space and complexities of Hirst’s artwork. LSD by the artist represents a wide view of the influence of modern culture. The main aspect of this picture, from a viewer’s perspective, is to look for the philosophic approach that the painter has taken to enumerate the stability and inconsistency of life. This work of art is exquisite because it places the viewer’s perspective that can be termed as bilateral. It is down-to-earth and materialistic in one way and at the same time, it renders the spiritual aspects of existence. Not many art forms are capable of evoking such aura and thus it could be termed as work right out of the grade one hall of fame. Overall, to summarize, it can be specified that LSD presents the most powerful analysis of space and the complexity related to existence and the eternality prevailing with all the differences and barriers imposed. Thus, more widely the term ‘space’ can be used to depict a specif
Introduction Mary Shelley began her writing career at the tender age of 10 years. This was partly due to the influence of her father, William Godwin, who was an established writer and a political journalist. Mary’s mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, had died when her daughter was only ten days old owing to childbirth complications. Mary’s labor pains had lasted a record 18 hours and required four more hours to remove the afterbirth. After her demise, the young child named after her late mother grew up under the custodian of her father and his friends. At a young age of 21 years, Mary’s first book Frankenstein was published, and it became an instant success. That was partly due to its representation of the feminine gender. Mary borrowed heavily from the writings of her mother, who had also been an established writer. All the women in Frankenstein are presented as being beautiful, submissive, and virtuous regardless of the position they hold in society. Frankenstein’s Female Characters The first female character that the writer introduces to us is Caroline Beaufort. This character represents the other female characters in the novel. When we meet Caroline, she is tending to her invalid father “with the greatest tenderness.” This means that Caroline is a dedicated woman who is ready to help her family members. After the death of her father, Caroline’s courage rises “to support her in adversity.” This shows that the woman presented to us has a strong character that enables her to deal with the enormous loss in her life. This lack of weakness in her character leads Frankenstein’s father to marry her. Caroline’s ability to evoke love from those around her becomes a common trait among all the women in the narration. Frankenstein’s father seems to have a kind of “reverence” for her virtues, something that suggests to us that she must have been a religious person. Her strong character is displayed even at the point of her death. This demonstrates how women conducted themselves in trying moments. According to the writer, their “fortitude and benignity” does not leave them even when they are staring death. Another woman whom we encounter in the novel is Elizabeth. From the description that we first get of her, one does not fail to realize that Elizabeth has the same character as Beaufort. Elizabeth introduces her as “a being heaven sent,” which implies that she is a great help to her and her family. Beaufort continues to claim that Elizabeth is a blessing to the whole family. Her complexion and beauty, which is “fairer than pictured cherub,” does not blur her character. What the writer wants to bring out in this passage is that
Over the last one and half centuries, the United Kingdom has experienced a substantial turn up of its immigrant population. Some of the common reasons why people from other countries would move into the UK include; joining family members already living in the country, search for employment opportunities, educational needs, and escape from natural disasters or political persecution, among other reasons. Except in the recent years where the number has decreased as a result of the heightening recession, people seeking employment have always constituted the largest number of the total inflows in the UK. Among the countries whose people have continued to enjoy free movement and settlement in the UK are those who are members of the European Union, developing countries across the world, and former colonies such as New Zealand, India, Canada, Australia and Jamaica. The issue of foreign inflows in the UK has been an ever-changing trend in the past one and half centuries (Hat
Fixed Costs In the study of economics, fixed costs can be described as the expenditures that generally do not depend on the amount and value of goods and services that have been produced by a particular firm. On the contrary, this is a little bit different from variable costs which are volume-related. They are paid depending on the number of goods produced by the business. In the short run, fixed costs do not vary or change with an increase or decrease in the value of goods and services produced. They must be paid by the defined company. Examples of fixed costs include loans, insurance premiums, rent, among others (Underwood 212). Variable Cost Variable costs are expenses that are not stationary in nature. They always keep on changing in proportion to the main activities and objectives of the business. Sometimes, variable costs are also called normal costs (Underwood 212). Marginal cost This is the increase and decrease in the overall cost of production spent on the creation of a single unit of a given item. It is often calculated if the set goal has been achieved. Marginal costs include labor and the cost for the materials which can be used during the process (Conkling 78). Average cost The average cost is equal to the entire one divided by the number of goods produced. The number of goods produced is also called the output quantity. It is also equivalent to the summation of average variable cost which is also the total outcome divided by the output quantity. The average cost sometimes entirely depends on a particular phase. Often, the increment in production may be a little bit expensive or absolutely impossible within a given short duration (Conkling 78). Elasticity of supply This is the awareness or flexibility of producers to change in regard to the price of their goods and services. The general rule behind elasticity of supply can, for example, include an increase in the price of goods which leads to a rise in the supply of such goods and services (Conkling 78). It is measured in the ratio of proportionality of change according to the number of goods supplied to the given proportionate variation in the prices of production (Lipsey 66). A short run is the duration of time whereby the quantity of at least a single input is fixed while the quantity of another set of inputs is different. The long-run is a period of time whereby the measure of all the contributions can fluctuate. In fact, no fixed time can be put down anywhere to distinguish the long and the short runs within the structure of any given company (Lipsey 66). The company should accept and identify its goals, and at the time, this is achieved, the transactions of the cheap goods can be carried out. The cheap goods can easier be sold than the most expensive ones. The cheaper the goods the higher the demand is. Thus, the cheaper the price of goods the higher the demand for them is,
Background and Purpose It is said that in the majority of cases, students of higher educational establishments in the UAE prefer English to Arabic. Taking into consideration the widespread occurrence of English in the UAE as well as in the Arabian Gulf countries, this fact is quite natural. English has been implemented as a compulsory course from elementary schools to universities. All schools under the authority of the Abu Dhabi Educational Council have been issued instructions to teach exact sciences in English. As Noursi (2013) puts it, “the attitude of the students towards learning the English language has got a queen position” (p.21). Hanani (2009) states that “English is perceived to be fundamental for any student seeking a prosperous career” (p.3). It may be explained by the fact that English is an international language, and due to this fact, fluency in English is associated with the key to success in the UAE. Needs and benefits Our report focusses on the language needs in the UAE and the problem of the coexistence of English and Arabic. Actually, English is replacing Arabic in the UAE (Randall and Sammi, 2010). Such widespread of English causes different social problems. There are many people who are not satisfied with the existing expansion of the English language. They are apt to think that English influences the quality of the Arabic language badly. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned facts, we think that the topic of our report is very important. Aims The main aim of this report is to identify the attitude towards studying and using English relatively different age groups. We are also planning to research previous studies and to compare their data with the results of our survey. Method In our
Introduction Analysts observe that the Russian Revolution could not realize its objectives mainly because of the divergent views from Bolsheviks. Scholars holding the views of Lenin believe that the revolution could not bring about reforms because its leader, Trotsky, never aimed at realizing the needs of the poor. The powerful individuals, whose aim was to fulfil the interests of the owners of the means production, controlled the revolution. In this regard, Leninist scholars disagreed with the view that the revolution was aimed at helping the poor in society. Leaders exploited the poor to convince the world that they advocated for their, but in the real sense, their aim was completely different. Such scholars observe that the revolution could not have realized its intended objectives mainly because of the civil war, foreign intervention, financial disintegration, isolation, and backwardness of the Russian society. Such scholars are of the view that Bolshevik ideology was not to blame for the ineffectiveness of the revolution. The Authoritarian regime under the Bolshevik was forced to act because of the difficult conditions. Some analysts, particular those allied to anarchist ideology, believe that Bolshevik ideology contributed significantly to the failure of the revolution in Russia. The Bolshevik ideology contributed immensely to the failure of the revolution since it established social structures, socialist institutions and centralizing the economic, which made it difficult for the working class to achieve their economic interests. Centralization of state resources and lack of a clear system of checks and balances disempowered the proletariat since the objectives that were being sought were beyond their reach. Fitzpatrick noted that the good life entailed a situation in which the state assumed the patriarchal or patron client responsibilities. Thesis Statement This article uses a number of resources, including memoirs to support the hypothesis that the Russian revolution did not achieve its objectives. The reasons why the Russian revolution could not realize its objectives are discuses adequately in this paper. The article underscores the fact that actions of the revolutionist not allow them to take over state power in 1918 in Russia. In other words, the vanguards of 1917 could not be allowed to takeover governmental powers in 1918, since their status was below par. In nay production mode, owners of the means of production will always occupy the top position while others will be distributed in various classes. Major Shifts in Communist Policy between 1917 and 1932 After the revolution, the Communist Party readjusted its objectives to reflect the aims of the ruling class meaning that the policies agreed upon before the revolution were abandoned. Historians observe that 1920s demonstrated a great change in policy owing to changes in geopolitical climate, culture, and the global economy. The government restructured its policy following the