ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the following inner mental processes: memory, solutions of the problems etc. It is merely based on Gestalt psychology of such thinkers as K. Koffka, M. Wertheimer, J. Piaget and others. The processes the great psychologists were interested in covered all mental activities of a person. Cognitive psychology is comparatively new branch of psychology having been developed since 1950s; this science covered the views of great psychologists who were eager to show and highlight the relationships between our mental processes and surrounding world. The theory of Gestalt psychology combines the mind and brain and follows the principle that the whole differs form the sum of its parts. As an example of this theory one can examine mathematical formula. The basic theoretical principles of this theory are:   * Principle of totality means that our mind requires each component being a part of dynamic relations;   * Biotic experiment means that real experiments are opposed to the laboratory ones;   * Psychophysical isomorphism describes the correlation of cerebral and conscious activities;   * Experimental analysis phenomenon based on the principle that phenomenon should be the background of everything rather than sensory qualities. The main principles of Gestalt systems include the following: invariance, reification, emergence and also multistability. One of these principles, the principle of invariance, was covered by outstanding psychologist David Marr in his computational theories. David Marr concentrated his theories on visual processing and was known as the founder of Computational Neuroscience. Vision as a basic notion of his theories consists of:   * Primal sketch – the extraction of scene components;   * 2.5D sketch – the predominance of texture;   * 3D model – the visualization of the scene. The theory of 3D object recognition is based on the way the objects are recognized with the help of three-dimensional components which are called geons. According to it all the objects in our memory consist of geons connected with each other. The form of the created objects depends on the connections of the geons. The general theory of 3D object recognition was based on the ideas of David Marr and Keith Nishihara who considered that object features which did not undergo changes, allow illation from 2D to 3D object structure. According to Marr any object is recognized as a combination of generalized cones. Marr’s theory was recognized as the most appropriate and was used for vision researches for many years. The theory of Marr’s object perception can be compared with the theory of Biederman who also devoted his views to the point that object recognition should be examined. Biederman paid much attention to the relations between geons as a way of describing an object. Biederman’s 3d theory explains that every person has about 30.000 different objects but for their recognition one requires only 36 geons. According to his theory the secondary role in object perception is played by color and texture. Geons be
Each culture has its own set of patterns of behavior adopted in the process of cognition and education. People with their individual norms and values, often diametrically opposite, which are brought up by a particular culture of the country, participate in the communication. Thus, these features, enshrined in a person’s thinking and behavior, are reflected in interaction with other representatives of cultures and can give rise to a clash of human values, cultural norms, consciously or unconsciously. The world of proximate cause, appellate briefs, reasonableness standards, and motion hearings create a context for a law student unfamiliar to the outside world. For this reason, awareness, knowledge, and skills involving how to navigate cultural differences are essential to the practice of law, even when the client and the attorney come from similar social locations and cultural groups. The mitigation specialist should be able to find a common language with his clients, who are representatives of different races, ages, genders, social conditions, and lifestyles. To successfully communicate with representatives of another culture, a specialist must be ready to perceive the differences that arise. When working with people from different cultures, you need to be tolerant, flexible, and willing to listen and learn a lot. To become a qualified mitigation specialist, it is necessary to master one key point – a sense of culture, the ability and desire to understand why a representative of another culture does this and not otherwise. Thus, knowledge of the peculiarities of clients’ culture makes it easy to navigate in communication situations, optimize relations with them, determine to what extent a global approach can be applied, and in which cases adaptation to the culture is necessary.
Introduction The term fashion refers to a popular style in clothing, footwear, frills and furniture among others. The clothes worn in the streets, interior design for houses and architectural works, are all done in line with prevailing fashion trends. Most of the modern styles in fashion have their roots in ancient events and practices. The fashion industry has evolved in a great way because before the mid 19 th century, most clothing was customized to meet the specific needs of individual customers; this was because they were hand made by either home producers or professional tailors. This practice however changed with the advent of new technology that saw the birth of sewing machines and later, through growth of capitalism, the development of factory production system (English, 2007, p 36). The factory system in the clothing industry led to clothing retail outlets where mass produced standardized clothing could be sold at fixed prices. This development made fashion around the world quite identical since one design could be produced in mass and sold to the larger population making stress dress code quite similar. Unlike the early 20 th century, the contemporary world has further expanded fashion trends with the emergence of faster communication channels that enable consumers of fashion products to get information on prevailing trends quite fast, with the help of television sets and the internet. These efficient ways of communication have made street designs quite similar in the various parts of the world since the trending styles among celebrities and renowned figures can be easily replicated in the different parts of this planet. This paper will look at fashion trends and analyze ideas that shape global culture in the area of fashion (English, 2007, p 28). Fashion Tends A trend is any form of behavior that takes effect over a larger population over time. Fashion trends are inspired and initiated by happenings around popular culture as well as past events. In the modern world for example, hip hop and pop music serve as the genesis of fashion and such trends are adopted by the larger world population. The kind of fashion worn in the streets is usually an original or past design inspired by particular happenings but brought to the larger population by world celebrities. Since musicians and other world figures are hugely admired by the larger world population, makers of fashion use them to market new designs and in a matter of weeks, their clothing and designs find acceptance among the world populace. Ideas shaping global culture with regards to fashion Some of the ideas that shape fashion in the contemporary world are: Migration This is an inspired theme that has emphasis on the significance of local values as one takes note and appreciates the moment. Migration as an idea in fashion, evolved from wild craft and ashen but revolves around the protection of knowledge in artisan as a core component in its workmanship. As migrants moved from Europe to America in the 16 th and 17 th century, they carried with them suitcases and other accessories that
Introduction Economic convergence is a process of rapprochement that stands for the emergence of the converging sides of the similar features. It stands for the convergence of different economic systems under the influence of the social-economical factors or in the result of the economical development. The result of such convergence is the purpose of reaching the compromise, stabilization, balance and united development. The economic convergence also goes for acquisition of the similar features of economic systems of the different countries under the condition of the preservation of some determined national characteristics. Economic convergence refers to the integration between traditional economic models that are largely geographically constrained, with newer models that take advantage of recent technological and globalization trends. Convergence is increasingly impacting the way organizations are structured and operated (Zivnuska et al). This report analyzes the impact of the Converging Economy on the role and function of human resource management (HRM) practice and research. Several promising new ways, concepts, methodologies and theoretical perspectives required to apply in order to conduct future HRM researches will also be analyzed, finally it offers an opinion about the topic and the lessons learned. E-commerce is one of the major technological factors of convergence and may be defined as a process by which business transactions are conducted through electronic networks (Boudreau, Loch, Robey and Straud,1998). These electronic networks extend to various organizations, linking them to customers ,employees, suppliers and partners. The rapid technology driven transformation has resulted in increased competitive threats as well as huge opportunities for growth in both new and existing markets (Boudreau et al,1998). HRM activities are changing considerably in the evolving e-business environment. For example, in many firms, traditional HRM tasks such as recruiting, selecting and training employees are now heavily reliant on technology and the internet (Cascio 1998). The role that HR specialists play in developing and fulfilling strategic objective is affected by internal organizational changes such as increased partnering, accelerating rates of innovation and learning of new organizational structures. Labor market changes and increased emphasis on flexibility and responsiveness are impacting the way the HR role is performed (Snell and wright,1998). Drivers of the converging economy There are three major drivers of converging economy and the first one is Information Technology. Increased use of powerful software systems has led to efficient operations in companies (Schmitz, 2000 Westland and Clark 1999). The second driver is globalization, whereby, in several countries, globalization has led to changes and refor
Introduction Performance appraisal has a very short history. It only began taking root in the early periods of 20 th century. Performance appraisal is a common concept in the field of contemporary personnel management. It began as a simple way of justifying employees’ income. Since its inception, the concept has become universal and seems inevitable for every human resource department (Grote, 2002). Three points of concern with the given company’s current evaluation form The current company’s evaluation form has quite a number of points of concern. One of the points is that the current evaluation is not properly structured and is single sided. Besides, the evaluation form is not effective and seems to be done by only one person, the plant manager. Moreover, the plant manager only makes tentative decisions of the evaluation criteria. This is not effective. The second point of concern is that the current evaluation form seems to emphasize on personal character and the relationship with other workmates. In this case, the form does not take into effective consideration of the fact that the engineer has made tremendous contributions to the company’s profitability. The third point of concern is that the current form of evaluation does not allow for participatory evaluation. The plant manager does the evaluation by himself and does not involve others in the whole process. The commonly-used sets of criteria which should be evaluated in a performance evaluation The commonly used sets of criteria which should be evaluated in a performance evaluation include contribution, skill set, work ethics and professional development. In relation to contribution, the focus is placed on contributions made by an individual toward the achievement of organizational goals and objectives (Robbins, 2009). For instance, the focus may be placed on quantity sales, negotiated contracts and the value of financial benefits an employee may contribute to the company. Another set of evaluation may entail assessing an employee’s skills. For instance, in the process of evaluating skills set, the main concern may be technical skills and ability to troubleshoot problems and offer solutions to the problems (Robbins, 2009). Evaluation based on work ethics may include assessment of an employee’s punctuality, motivation, absenteeism and interpersonal skills. Professional development may include assessing the commitment of an employee to further skills development. Specific deliverables may entail whether or not an employee attends workshops and trai
Spend types are important for an organization when deciding on data-driven choices. Spend needs a perfect understanding of spend classes which comprise of direct, indirect, maverick, and tail spend. Another name for direct spend is direct procurement and it revolves around obtaining raw materials and goods required for production. Indirect spending is also referred to as indirect procurement which, can be categorized as operating costs and above costs that cannot be straightly linked with the entire cost of the end product. Maverick spend or maverick buying occurs when acquisitions are made outside of the institution’s attaining plans (S. Sheth et al., 2020). When procurement is not involved in purchasing decisions, chances are lost for price evaluations and deductions while accumulating the risk of acquiescence matters. An intuition can improve its method of identifying a spending type in purchasing using the following strategies; by working in tandem with investors, obtaining can help reduce maverick spend and discover other opportunities that can help save on the costs. Examining direct and indirect spending is a sourcing approach that can pinpoint areas for cost-savings, expose probable supply dangers or predetermined gaps, and upsurge competencies. Scrutinizing spend analytics of acquisition orders will aid in identifying drifts and zones where enhancements can be applied to influence the buying power. A supplier is an individual or a business that offers products or services to another institution. An organization can use the following strategies to ensure that they improve their methods of identifying suppliers, the institution should ensure that the suppliers they meet for negotiation are capable of meeting their demanding standards (Avery, 2021). The organization should be open-minded, it should extend its obtaining policies to different parts of the world not just in one region. Evolving and positioning sourcing tactics for conservation, repair, and tasks (MRO) goods and services for a corporation with amenities situated all over the world seems difficult. The integrated approach of buying and selling while sourcing some MRO imports internationally, has helped to identify the best suppliers. UTC, Intel, and other worldwide corporations have achievements with cohesive supply models, where they hire suppliers or other firms to take over the buying process, integrating the provider’s technology with their own. Another vital feature is that the suppliers should depict readiness and capability to provide what they need before making any contracts with them. Most traders ought to understand the importance of looking for suppliers who can manufacture the product they want. An excellent supplier should be able to steadily manufacture a product that attains their w
Introduction The Embedded blue is a wireless serial port that can communicate easily with a collection of the standard blue tooth like cell phone, PDA, pcs, etc. For this device, no other external component is required. It can be used as a standalone cable solution that can be controlled by a processor. This profile is the easiest way of connection establishment and this is most popular. In this case, once the connection is established, it is similar to the wired connection. The simple serial UART is used for communication. The main features of the embedded blue are that its easy connection establishment is very simple and its FHSS technology with 2.4GHz frequency ensures high quality, reliability, and strength of interference. Its supply voltage range is 2.2-4.2 V and its current consumption is low. It has an output capacity of 320kbps. This is a fully qualified blue tooth i.e. v2.0+ EDR. It is used instead of RS 232 data cables and is for sending data at a small distance. The important application of embedded blue is in medical equipment, POS systems, Telemetry systems, Industrial Automation, Barcode, and RF-ID scanners, Lighting control, and robotics. How the chip is fitted The diagram shown below is the pin-out diagram of the embedded blue eb101 with RF pad pinout. It is a 34 pin IC. ( EmbeddedBlue eb101 2009, p.3). Device Pinout Diagram In this pin-out diagram, the pins RESET, STATUS, BRAEK SWITCH, IND_LED, HOST_WAKE, WAKEUP, RF are the radio and control pins. IND_LED and HOST_WAKE are CMOS output and the WAKEUP pin is the CMOS input pin. UART_CTS, UART_TX, UART_RTS, UART_RX are the UART pins (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter). Other pins are voltage sources, ground, etc. Working description The working of embedded blue is mainly based on two modes i.e. Easy connect and command mode. When the system is operated in the simple cable solution, then it is called easy connect mode. In this mode of operation, there may be a simple cable replacement solution between two web serial or one web serial and other blue tooth dives which are fitted in a mobile, PC, etc. There is no need for another extra configuration. The web serial devices can be controlled by a set of serial commands. SW1 button of the eb501 serial adaptor should be held on and applied power, till the LED turns on. That should remain on until the setup is completed. Then the SW1 of the second adaptor should be held on and apply power on that. When its LED turns on, leave that, and LED should remain on till the setup ends. In the command mode of connection, there are several functions to provide programmatic control over the function. If there are more functions than the easy connect mode, this mode is used. In this, after the transmission of data, the acknowledgment string is returned. After giving all commands, the eb101 radio is disc
The term Hadith refers to a report associated with the Prophet Muhammad. Hadith details Prophet Muhammad’s words and actions (Aʻẓamī 2). Hadith was written following the death of Prophet Muhammad in AD 632. Since then, it has been passed over by word of mouth and through manuscripts. Muslims and religious scholars have used this report in their religious studies and in the evaluation of Muhammad’s authoritative guides. According to Muslim scholars, Hadith literatures are attributed to Muhammad’s secretary and some of his followers. Each Hadith comprises of texts and the transmissions linked with each text. According to Islamic scholars, Hadith is the second most significant religious text after the Quran. Like the Quran, Hadith is a major source of most Islamic decrees and doctrines. Unlike the Quran, Hadith consists of numerous Islamic legal commands. Equally, Hadith differs from the Quran in that its principles were formulated as early as the 4th century. Over time, scholars have examined and evaluated Hadith leading to the creation of a discipline referred to as the science of Hadith (Aʻẓamī 7). Science of Hadith comprises of numerous sacred principles employed in the assessment of Islamic Hadith and the Quran. Through these studies, Islamic scholars seek to prove the authenticity of Hadith and expand its scientific scope. Significance of Hadith studies Islamic and Hadith studies have attracted numerous distortions and forgeries from individuals aiming to change Islam dogmas to suit their interests. Since the inception of Islam, personal intentions, bigotry, political, academic, and theological factors have encouraged some individuals to misrepresent Hadith for their own motives. Motivated by the need to enforce responsibility and the desire to protect Prophet Muhammad’s Sunna, Islamic scholars have been forced to undertake meticulous efforts to validate the genuineness of Hadith (Kamali 4). In this respect, Hadith studies were initiated to expand and formulate scientific principles, analysis, and research in the field of Hadith. In this regard, the science of Hadith has guaranteed reliability and authenticity into the inquiries of Hadith. Through these studies, Muslims scholars have created and implemented appropriate methodologies that should be used in enhancing the authentication process of Hadith (Kamali 5). Through these standardized methodologies, Muslim scholars have been able to boost the extent of scientific objectivity in their religious studies. Similarly, through the science of Hadith Islamic facts have been made open for public evaluation. It is b