ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ancient Chinese poetry, history, and philosophies capture the cultural values of the Asian people. In the first millennium, the ancient Chinese people experienced ruthless and extended periods of war 1 . However, ancient Asian cultural productions indicate that these periods enabled the Chinese to realize many technological and socioeconomic developments. Intellectual debates thrived in relation to some aspects, such as economics, socio-economics, new knowledge of the natural order, peace, and development of human society in both Korea and China. Among these aspects, the human experiences of love and enlightenment were key features 2 . It is vital to note that all the early civilizations were typified by high levels of love and enlightenment. This paper discusses the aspects of enlightenment and love in two of the three major regions of East Asia, i.e., China and Korea. Ancient China’s experiences of enlightenment and love It is evident that from a very long time ago, the Chinese people appeared to have unique love and respect for historical events. In fact, even the earliest dynasties were said to have their independent historians who were instrumental in fostering love and enlightenment. The very first ancient Chinese literature was the Shinjing, also referred to as the Book of Song. Later, the ancient philosopher, Confucius, produced a masterpiece named the Chuci . The Confucian production, also referred to as the Songs of the South introduced the love for poetry among the Chinese people. In fact, people felt that they could express their feelings using poems. It is important to note that it was the ancient poet Qu Yuan, who introduced the shamanistic roots and enabled them to be entrenched into Chinese poetry. The poet developed the writings of Huanzi, and is considered as the first person to individually rise to prowess as a poet. This introduced enlightenment during that particular period through the establishment of the Daoism phil
Full Employment State of full employment is often referred to as the natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment comprises of voluntarily unemployed workers in an economy. At this state, any member of the labor force seeking employment gets it. This state of unemployment is unstable and more than often falls. When it falls, wages rise. Since wages make about 70% of production cost, producers pass on the increase in wages to final consumers. This causes inflationary pressure in the economy. A number of factors in the economy can cause the stock market to crash. These factors cause a steady deterioration of performance in the stock market. A crash in the stock market leads to failure in banks and businesses. The net result is a soaring employment rate and recession. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to discuss the possibility of an economy to ‘self-correct’ after a recession caused by a slump in the stock market. The discussion makes use of the income-expenditure model. Thesis Statement Based on the income-expenditure model and ideas of the classical economists, the economy can self-correct after a recession. The model explains that there is a tendency of prices to fall after recession resulting in increased aggregate consumption thus, restoring full employment. Income – expenditure model The model equates total income (Y) in the economy to a sum of expenditure in the economy. These expenditures are consumption (C), government spending (G), investment expenditure (I), and net exports (X-M). Based on the model, the unemployment level caused by recession creates disequilibrium in the labor market; that is, there is surplus labor supply with a corresponding low demand. The disequilibrium state pushes the market wage rates down, resulting in the low cost of production. This causes a decline in the prices of goods and services. With reduced prices of goods and services, consumers’ real weal
This chapter provides important information about the literature that is associated with discharge matters, which may result in negative or positive health outcomes among patients across the world. It is essential to point out that the first sections of the literature review will focus on concepts of discharge planning that offer a background. The background information would be used to influence the bed capacity in the delivery of healthcare services. Discharge planning is defined as a collection of activities within the healthcare sector that promote the ways in which a patient is released from one hospital to another or from a hospital to home. The process is typified by members from multiple disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. The main goal of the process of discharge planning is to facilitate continuity of care. From a clinical point of view, the process starts on admission (Charlesworth & Mckenzie, 1996). Bull (2000) argues that hospital discharge process is bounded by different periods of stays of patients in healthcare facilities. For effective planning to be achieved, appropriate arrangements should be made for and offered to healthcare consumers to cater for their needs in the context of continual care upon being released from hospitals. Due to the fact that the concept was conceived to improve the welfare of patients with different needs, it combines many aspects, such as medical and financial resources. A person can only be allowed to go home if his or her health outcomes are found to be excellent. Otherwise, he or she would be referred to another facility that would offer better care. As a result, inpatient stays in hospitals can be reduced significantly, which correlates with substantial savings of care costs (Charlesworth & Mckenzie, 1996, Newby, 1996). Nonetheless, it has been established that a significant number of patients remains in care facilities in cases where there are no better hospitals to offer the necessary care. The elderly patients account for the majority of those admitted to care facilities. Particularly, those aged 65 and over represent about thirty-eight percent of stays in hospitals. Among all the days spent by the sick in care facilities, the elderly people take about 44%. It is worth to note that the percentag
William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet was first published in 1597. The play tells the story of two young lovers, Romeo and Juliet, whose families are feuding, and therefore despite their love, they are both caught up in the ensuing conflict. Both Romeo and Juliet end up dead at the end of the play following a series of misunderstandings occasioned by the continued fights between their families (The Literature Network Para. 7). Romeo belongs to the Montague family while Juliet is born of the Capulet family. There have been several film adaptations of the play but the film adaptation referred to here was produced in 1968, under the direction of Franco Zeffirelli. The film, going by the name “Romeo and Juliet” just like the play, starred Leonard Whiting as Romeo Montague, and Olivia Hussey as Juliet Capulet. This film adaptation, unlike most of the others which were produced in later years, depicts the families, lifestyle, practices, and acts as portrayed in the play, and does not adopt a ‘modern’ version of events as many of the subsequent films want to do (Rothwell 326). The director makes every effort to depict an era similar to that intended by Shakespeare. In most cases, the written text of a play has variations from any movie adaptation. The written texts of any play contain stage directions that serve as a guide for the reader. Although stage directions in the text of a play tend to give the reader a clearer and better understanding of the setting, they can also be interruptive for the reader. As the plot of the play develops and the reader gets more involved in the reading of the play, the constant need to read the stage directions has a disruptive effect on the reader’s interaction with the play. Film adaptations of plays, as is the case of this particular film adaptation by Franco Zeffirelli, eliminate the part of stage directions, and the viewer is able to enjoy an uninterrupted revelation of the plot of the play. In this film version of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli, the director has altered, removed, or re-created several scenes. In the play, when Paris faces up Romeo outside the tomb, he executes Paris. The film version does not however por
Introduction The number of reported cases in recent years where a police officer used deadly force in a controversial incident has spiked. Amidst heightened nationalism and racial tensions in the United States, these cases are picked up by the media and made into an opinion debate in the public eye. The central concept discussed is whether police authority is abused in such instances of excessive force in unwarranted situations. Police culture is significantly criticized citing decades of violence. In an effort to establish guidelines and public trust, various districts have taken measures from changing policy to improving training. Main body However, many of the incidents follow similar trajectories with the police arriving at the scene and using deadly force in unclear circumstances, leaving the victim (usually African-American) deceased. The public outcry follows the family demands investigation. During the inquiry, it is determined that the victim was not armed or using any direct threat against the officer. Usually, the victim was merely showing resistance to the directions given by the police officer, and some gesture was perceived by the police as dangerous, causing shots to be fired. Despite this, the officer is acquitted during the trial many times, causing more public protest. Similar unfortunate events like the shooting in Tulsa or the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson (an incident which sparked public protest about the topic) incentivize further tension and possible confrontations as certain groups believe that racial profiling plays a tremendous role in the shootings and other police encounters. The attempt by LAPD and other districts to develop de-escalation policies is a healthy step towards more efficient police training and improving public image. Statistically, officer use of deadly force in unwarranted situations has spiked to unprecedented levels, leaving civilians as victims when the job of the police is to serve and protect. De-escalation policies place the value of human life first, both of the police officer and the civilian they are encountering. The approach used currently is extremely reactive and relies on instinct which in turn may hinder reliable judgment of the situation. Psychologically speaking, even the most open-minded and progressive people have unconscious prejudice. Relying on that rather analytical thinking creates these situations, so police are encouraging passive dialogue, accurate evaluation, and use of non-lethal methods for pacifying the situation. Also, instincts and training usually allow an experienced police officer to differentiate a life-threatening situation from a simple tense, confrontational one. The new de-escalation policies carefully state that if there is an imminent threat, deadly force is nevertheless approved. Their life is uniquely v
Mental accounting is an economic concept whereby individuals separate their assets into non-transferable portions. Mental accounting suggests different compensation packages. It is prudent that McKinsey’s human resources manager understands its values and concepts for implementation. McKinsey can structure their compensation package in numerous ways without increasing salaries to its employees. Employees consider motivation as monetary reward or appreciation for the work well done (Kemp and Wall 138). Motivating employees makes them feel more valuable in their respective organizations. Through the implementation of the mental accounting concept, employees can perform their duties with much confidence. McKinsey should offer competitive remuneration to different posts in the organization. Employee motivation also makes the employees increase their input in their assignments (Kemp and Wall 138). Appreciating employees for work well done goes a long way, and as a result, they can perform their duties with great confidence. The input of employees increases when their employers have confidence in them. Human resource management is an administrative office in an organization tasked with the responsibility of maximizing the performance of the employee towards the goals and objectives of the company. Among other duties, the human resources office is responsible for recruiting employees, conducting interviews, and motivating employees. Human resources are also responsible for reviewing the performance of recruited employees, mediation, setting the remuneration of employees, and training staff members. Human resources are employee management that views employees as assets of the business (Kemp and Wall 132). Human resources should also ensure that employees in the organization are working in an environment that enables them to achieve their set objectives. To retain its employees, McKinsey should embrace the concept of the modified utility function. Some employees are for the view that the utility function is only positive if the price offered is lower than the reference price. Mental accounting influences financial performance and money management (Kemp and Wall 141). In a scenario where total compensation is fixed, the company should enhance training and other incentives that positively contribute to employee satisfaction. McKinsey can participate in corporate social responsibility by having its employees play major roles. Through this practice, employees fell the organization values them. With a fixed compensation, McKinsey can structure compensation in numerous ways in order to retain its employees. Employees normally seek better compensation package, but as a way of retaining them, McKinsey should mandate its employees with more responsibilities. In addition, the company should make their employees more authoritative when handling particular issues. There are several differences in mental accounting and money management practices (Kemp and Wall 143). Employees should maximize their output while performin
Introduction This paper supports the statement “the product/service dichotomy in marketing theory is no longer sustainable.” The present day marketing approach is a result of the many revolutions and changes that come about in marketing as a result of increased competition. Modern marketing approach emphasizes “cost leadership, differentiation and focus” (Baker and Saren, 2010) The cost leadership attribute entails the product cost advantage of the product in relation to existing products in the market. Differentiation emphasizes creation of products with unique qualities that gives it an edge over the other products in the market. Focus on the other hand implies targeting particular market niches either based on age demographics, lifestyle geographic locations or any other appropriate attributes. Product/Service Dichotomy Product manufacturers often endeavor to achieve customer fidelity by delivering to them goods that satisfy their needs. This has led to the development of the “product/service mix” as pointed out by Baker and Saren (2010) in this scenario, service as a facet of the mix has continually been growing its importance. Technology and globalization have played a pivotal role in enabling different service providers reach out to the dispersed customers. Web applications for example, powered by the internet enables service providers to serve customers at any point. The earlier marketing approaches placed emphasis on the value within the product, which were always produced and distributed to the wider market. Because the value of the product was seen to be within the product, producers did not have to convince the buyer or persuade them the buy the product. The marketing practice therefore comprised distribution of the products to the “waiting” consumer. The services marketing is said to have come in lime light during the 70s (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). The services’ marketing was uniquely packaged to center on individual services and making it different from the traditional goods marketing. There was a visible difference between manufactured goods and services in the sense that goods are tangible and can be felt whereas services are not. Continuous market dynamics and technological advances have seen manufacturers shift from the old method of manufacturing for a speculated market to a situation where they accurately predict the customers needs and respond to them appropriately. By addressing the customers’ needs, manufacturers aim at creating customer dependency to their products and are assured of them buying. This process calls for the need to carry out a feasibility study well in advance to establish what the customer needs and then customizing the products to feed the customers’ needs (Baker and Saren, 2010) Manufacturing companies have come with different ways of customizing products to fit individual needs; this can either be through use of colours that are synonymous to a cert
Wii is often referred to as an innovative product, which altered the perception of gaming and implied the possibility of being physically involved in the process. Nonetheless, the firm’s positioning in the innovation matrix has to be determined to understand Nintendo’s intentions. Different types of innovation tend to reflect the intensity of changes and the lengths of implementation while having a different impact on the condition of the market. It could be said that Wii introduced a completely novel concept, which does not comply with the initial settings of the industry and caused disruption to the existent competition. Based on the features related to Wii’s innovation described above, the strategic actions of Nintendo can be characterized by breakthrough innovation due to the compliance with the key descriptor of the principle. The novelty of Wii’s principles contributes to restructuring and redesigning the current game market while altering the perceptions of gaming and making consoles the memories of the past. In conclusion, the positioning of Wii as a breakthrough innovation is critical and contribute to the understanding of business strategy, revenue-generating mechanism, and value proposition in the subsequent questions. Despite the operations in the same market, Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft used different strategies to satisfy the rising wants and demands of their target markets while aiming at the domination of the industry. In this case, it has to be mentioned that Sony’s PlayStation was paying substantial attention to the quality of the image, sound, and speed of the processor to build a perception of one of the leaders of the market in the console segment. Its emphasis was focused on the previously established sector of players. Meanwhile, Microsoft discovered these features as equally important while being a strong competitor to Sony. In this case, the companies continued the enhancement of the existed technological segment without considering the possibilities for the innovation and R&D concepts to introduce a new model. Sony and Microsoft were ensured that their significant market shares could not be changed dramatically due to the lack of sufficient risk assessment and underestimation of the possibilities of Nintendo’s new product. In this instance, the introduction of Wii focused on an entirely different value proposition while being able to discover the game market from a dissimilar angle. The company wanted to modify the overall perception of gaming and to escalate its availability to an extended range of users. The company wanted to make the process interactive and involve the user in the process to create an exceptional experience of using the console. In this case, it remains apparent that the proposed value proposition and redesign differentiated the company for t
Introduction For data to be meaningful, it has to be arranged in what Levi and Rubin call “meaningful pattern[s]” (p.10). In this work tables and other statistical graphics are used to plan, collect and prepare data on the US smartphone market and the movie industry. The US smartphone Market Statistics The table below summarizes Arik Hesseldahl’s story appearing on Bloomberg about the eye-catching quick rise in Google’s Android market share in the US. It shows that RIM and Apple hold the largest market share and that all players apart from Google Inc. registered a reduction in sales. US Android market share Manufacturer             Qtr 1 2010                    Qtr 2 2010  Change 1                        Google Inc.                   12          17      5    2                        Research in Motion Ltd (RIM)  41.1        39.3    -1.8 3                        Apple Inc.                    25.1        23.8    -1.3 4                        Microsoft Corp.               14          11.8    -2.2 5                        Palm                          4.9         4.9     0     The conical histogram below gives a visual presentation of what happened. The green corns representing activity during the second quarter show that Google gained sharply while the rest of the players experienced decline in market share. The fact that the other players experienced negative growth is a strong indicator that the market preference is quickly shifting from blackberry to androids. Movie production statistics The frequency table below summarizes movie production studios whose movies hit the top 50 most watched movies. It ranks the movie makers according to how prolific they were in 2010. The data used in this table is collected from the “Yearly box office charts” in the article Lee’s Movie Info ( leesmovieinfo.net ) . The pie chart below shows that 51% of the best 50 movies produced in 2009 and best 50 movies in 2010 are within the $1 to $100 million class. Conclusion There is a saying that ‘a picture speaks a thousand words.’ If research is done to collect meaningful data, statistical tables and graphics can be used to bring out information that is easy to understand.