ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Although most of the people who have ever tried writing a research paper, prefer to speak of the way that has driven them to the certain results than of the results themselves, such is a man’s psychology that it is easier to enumerate the data than to follow one’s course of thoughts. Still this is what I am going to do. Despite the memory process is hard to restore, I will try to explain my course o thoughts as I picked the particular research and was writing the document. As Clare (2004, p. 3) outlines, “A research report is written to fulfill the researcher’s contractual or moral obligations to those who put up the resources that enabled the study to be undertaken”. With the burden of the moral obligation I was bearing from that day on, I started out with the purpose of my future research. What needs does it have to meet? What problems does it have to touch upon? What topic does it have to deal with? As these hard questions were finally answered, I went on to draw a brief plan of what my research would look like. It seemed to me that a good research is much like a well-cooked pie. That is why I started with the basis for my project, that is, with the dough. It had to be thick and stable, and that made me search for the most reliable and well-established facts that were the axioms for my research to ground on. Most of them have been taken form the encyclopedias and the trusted sources, such as research papers and other scientific sources. It was a matter of the credibility of my future research, because once a false idea has crept into the paper, it is ruined for good. Then I had to arrange somehow the material that I had gathered. There were three basic types of them that I subdivided them into. These were the facts that I found well-known and that could be presented as an introduction to my research paper; they helped me to explain better the subject I was dealing with. These were a kind of common place, yet they helped to concentrate on the subject and frame it. The next were the facts that I was actually operating with as I continued the research. Those facts helped me to get the necessary information for my research to operate with as I was coming up to the part where my individual research began. Those facts were like the flowers that I had to make a bouquet of. I had to work carefully to arrange them in the very best way, so that the audience could trace my train of thoughts and understand the course of the research well. Those facts provided a food for my thoughts as well, since there was a lot of contradicting information in them, and at times it was hard for me to understand the way the facts were driving to. Finally, as I had dealt with the hardest part of the research, the time came to decorate the “dish” of mine. That was the right time to use the information that I defined first as the additional one. The peculiarity of the information of that kind was that it actually did not influence the results of the research in the least, but it
The film “Monsoon Wedding” can be evaluated as a good example of design specialists’ work. “Monsoon Wedding” features a balanced combination of Indian tincture along with western designer ideas. In the following paper, a few aspects of the film’s mise en scene will be discussed including design-costume, design-hair, and design-makeup. Generally, judging from the movie’s extract provided for the analysis, it can be said that the designer aspects of the film such as costumes, hair-dressing and makeup are accomplished in a manner creating an atmosphere of traditional Indian culture along with a measure of modern cultural concepts in the movie. First of all, with regards to costumes, it is important to mention that the scene under consideration shows both Indian and western people. That is why their costumes will be evaluated separately. Speaking about the costumes of people from Indian culture, it should be stated that they fully reflect Indian cultural values and designer concepts along with some insignificant intervention of modern western styles. This is so because the scene shows representatives of different generations. Indian people, but for a teenager girl, are all dressed traditionally. The Indian costumes in the scene under consideration look rather bright and celebratory. They reflect the mood put to the scene by the director and the script writers. The atmosphere of Indian meal time is vividly seen through the use of such fitting costumes. Women are dressed in saris of bright colors beautifully embroidered in a way traditional for their culture. In addition, women have a lot of adornments and jewelries. Among them are necklaces, bracelets, earrings and hairpins. Men are dressed in long shirts and trousers which also common among Indian people. Regarding the representatives of western culture, they are also dressed traditionally. Nothing is special in the way their costumes look. They wear clothing which is common for people in most of the western lands. It seems that costumers did not have to put a lot of efforts in order to find these costumes as they can be found in any shop. Evaluating the choice of costumes, it is important to state that they help to render the usual atmosphere of such events. However, there is one remarkable detail which really appeared to be significant for me. It is the way an Indian teenager girl was dressed. The girl was wearing the clothes normally worn by the representatives of western cultures. This is probably a way for the creators of the film to reflect on the developments taking place in the world during the current period of time such as globalization and implantation of western cultural values in the other parts of the planet. Next, evaluating the way hair-dressing is done in the movie, it appears that it is also worthy of respectful comments as it is natural and proper for the occasion depicted in this scene which is critical for the quality of film. It is well knowing that spectators value movies for their credibility and naturalness. Again, it is important to evaluate this mise en scene category reflecting on the fact that we see the representatives of two different cultures here including I
Introduction The Mexican Revolution, commonly referred to as Revolution Mexicana , in Spanish, was an armed struggle, from 1910 to 1920, resulting from the people of Mexico rising against Porfirio Diaz, a long-time serving dictatorial president. (Davies) Mexican from all classes were completely dissatisfied with Diaz’s rule, who concentrated power and wealth to a select few, leaving the lower and working class with no power to express themselves. The Revolution started as an uprising led by Francisco Madero, a graduate of California University at Berkeley, and a successive cotton farmer, becoming one of the major 20 th century revolutions. (Texas Consul). Main body To have a better understanding of the Mexican revolution, it is important to go back to the period before 1910. Out of the total population of Mexico, three-fifth were Indians. In the period prior to the uprising, and during Porfirio Diaz’s presidency, Indians were losing their traditional land to whites. In a very short time, a huge part of Mexico’s land was in the hand of few white elites, each owning thousands of acres of land. This left a huge population, over 90%, with no land. The situation in places like Yucatan Peninsula was like that of a slave camp, people were highly indebted. In the cotton plantations, the living conditions were poor, the wages were low, and the housing system was inferior, with failed social services. It was evident that the government favored foreign businessmen, and everyone from every class was angry with this kind of governance. (McLynn)The discontent could not be solved by the ballot because President Diaz had become a monster, who could not be opposed by anyone. The people had to fight, men, women, and children for justice, freedom, and equality, in a revolution characterized by Liberals, socialists, and populists. But who was Porfirio Diaz? When he ascended to power, Diaz had great plans and intentions for Mexico. He worked hard to create a stable government, the crime level went low, and the general quality of life for people improved. Diaz was able to strengthen the government by creating a governor’s office in various parts of Mexico, bringing government service closer to the people. In the country’s army, professionals were hired, making the de
Introduction The current energy crisis has shifted focus from conventional fuels to renewable energy, including fuel cells. Fuel cells are electrochemical cells that transform the built-in chemical energy in fuels into electrical energy (Rahimnejad et al. 2015). Benefits of fuel cells include the absence of emissions that pollute the environment, high efficiency, and a lack of mobile parts, which eliminates noise pollution. However, their main shortcoming is the production of vast amounts of biomass. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are fuel cells that use active microorganisms as biological catalysts in anaerobic anode partitions to generate bioelectricity (Santoro et al. 2017). MFCs exploit the catabolic activity of bacteria to convert chemical energy into electricity. During the oxidation of chemicals, bacteria convey electrons to a progression of respiratory enzymes that store energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inside the cell (Parkash 2016). The electrons are then discharged to an electron acceptor, which generates electrical energy. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the electrogenic potential of three different Enterobacteriaceae. Materials and Methods A single-chamber microbial fuel cell using nutrient agar as the proton exchange medium (PEM) was assembled in a biosafety cabinet, as described in the lab manual. 2 ml of Enterobacter aerogenes culture was added to the agar in the anodic compartment and allowed to set. The assembly of the MFC was then completed. The setup was incubated at 37 o C. A similar procedure was repeated twice using Citrobacter freundii and Morganella morganii . The voltmeter readings in mV were taken at the end of the class and then seven days later. The data on electricity generated by the Enterobacteriaceae are recorded in Table 1. The growth of E. aerogenes was determined indirectly in liquid medium in batch culture by measuring the absorbance at 550 nanometers at 15-minute intervals. The growth from two conditions (shaking and non-shaking) was determined and recorded in Table 2 and Figure 2. Results Rate of Voltage Generation C. freundii had the highest voltage generation potential followed by E. aerogenes and M. morganii, as indicated in Table 1 and Figure 1. Table 1: Voltage generation over time Time    E. aerogenes  Mean (mV)  C. freundii  Mean (mV)  M. morganii  Mean (mV) 0       20            20         20           20         10.9         5          75   30.3   10.5  3   10  7.8  1 week  164.9         76         65           101.9      400          70         116  195.3  45    80  –   62.5  Figure 1: Tracking voltage over time for the three Enterobacteriaceae. Generation Time Data The generation time of E. aerogenes was shortened by shaking. Figure 2: A semi-log growth curve of E. aerogenes. Table 2: Generation time data for E. aerogenes                                 Treatment 1  Treatment 2 Temperature ( o C)              37           27          Shaking speed (rpm)             150          No shaking  Length of lag phase (minutes)   –
Introduction The police and the representatives of the general public interact rather often, but their relations tend to differ greatly depending on the situation. Some people tend to have rather positive attitudes towards these professionals because they consider them to be the main force of protection. Others believe that the police do not operate well and underlines the fact that it is not able to fulfill its main goals and satisfy the needs of the population. Another group of people treats the police as enemies because they represent opposite sides. As a rule, people’s considerations depend on their personal experience, so they are extremely biased. Analysis In order to become a police officer, a person should be honest, motivated, self-asserted, emotionally stable, just, intelligent, and have good communicational skills. It is generally believed that such a person will be able to avoid those issues that are faced by the police, including:   * Discretion. Some officers tend to get too involved in the case they are dealing with that they start judging people not on the basis of rules and evidence but focusing on their personal beliefs and judgment. Rather often such behavior is affected by the nature of the committed crime, the personality of the victim and suspect/offender, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity, etc.   * Job stress. Police officers are involved in various events that affect their emotions and mental health. They experience high levels of stress because of the things they see every day. Thus, it is vital for them to resort to stress management, including proper nutrition and regular physical exercises. In addition to that, it will be rather advantageous if they receive more free hours to get in an appropriate condition or even consult a professional.   * Corruption. Unfortunately, some police officers get involved in illegal activities and become criminals themselves. Some of them just agree to take some small amounts of money or accept favors offered by people they interact with while others seek for opportunities to make money from people. However, high moral standards, discipline, and law enforcement can help the government to take this issue under control.   * Excessive force. Some officers use too much force towards criminals, which is both unethical and illegal. As a result, they can face legal issues and citizens’ resentment.   * Professionalizing law enforcement. Professional accreditation may be needed for the police to prove their skills. However, people should realize that some mistakes can be made unintentionally and can be forgiven while others should not be tolerated and require legal investigation. Conclusion To ensure that police officers act ethically, it is critical to maintaining a particular hiring procedure. They all should be well-educated people who have been taught how to make ethical decisions in different situations. They should not waste time thinking how to act in case of emergency and need to think of the happiness of
Christianity began as one of many approaches to Judaism. How did early Christianity fit into its 1st century Jewish context? Possible contexts include social, theological, cultural, intellectual, and others. If you choose this one, be sure that you discuss very early Christianity, not modern Christianity, and do not “witness,” “testify,” or preach in your essay. The Holy Bible describes how Jesus Christ encouraged his followers to spread God’s teachings to the world. This message led to the establishment of Christianity as a religion for the gentiles. According to historians, Christianity began as one of the major approaches to Judaism since many followers of the religion belonged to an apocalyptic Jewish sect (Barnavi 1992:27). Historians and Biblical scholars refer to such sects as Jewish Christians. Different apostles such as James, Paul, and Peter are believed to have spread Christianity to other nations. These apostles played a significant role in spreading most of the teachings presented by Jesus Christ. The relationship between Judaism and early Christianity is widely debated by many people. However, scholars strongly believe that the notions and beliefs of many Jews played a significant role in the establishment of Christianity in the first century. Early Christianity resembled most of the aspects embraced by the Jews. During the 1 st century, Judaism was divided into a number of religious factions. The followers of Judaism and Christianity during the period were observed to have similar religious views and theological teachings. During the period, it was impossible for people to differentiate Judaism from Christianity. Numerous religious “ideas and social practices were observed to cross borders” (Barnavi 1992:31). The two religious groups were observed to have different messiahs during the time. The birth of Jesus Christ presented new ideas. According to the believers, Jesus played a significant role in fulfilling every prophesied messianic role (Barnavi 1992:76). Judaism and Christianity shared a similar theme of messianism (Lowenstein 2000:37). This development led to similar cultural and intellectual views. Christianity, therefore, was defined by the teachings of Jesus Christ. Jesus was also a Jewish prophet who presented similar lessons and teachings to his followers. Jesus “preached throughout Israel and encouraged people to establish God’s kingdom” (Lowenstein 2000:83). Christ also urged his followers to embrace a moral code characterized by humility, love, and charity (Lowenstein 2000:83). Such a moral code was embraced by both the Jews and early Christians. This fact explains why early Christianity was similar to 1 st century Judaism. Historians have observed that many early Christians embraced most of the Jewish social practices and traditions. Such early Christians were Jews and embraced the teachings of their fathers. Such teachings “are defined within the Jewish law” (Barnavi 1992:36). Many early Chris
Experienced brands develop their ability to influence customers through color to get them to shop – and McDonald’s has embraced this approach in fast food. The researchers note that the red color stimulates the appetite, and yellow one means happiness, optimism, and friendliness. Furthermore, red and yellow are the colors of two classic McDonald’s condiments – ketchup and mustard. The McDonald’s logo reminds people of the pleasure they experience when eating fries with typical sauces. The large yellow “M” in the co
In a short story Good Country People , O’Connor provides a plethora of reflections about the true attitude of people to religion and the nature of people’s relations with each other. The main character of this story, Joy, is a woman with physical challenge. She lost her leg in childhood and, probably, at the same time lost her belief into religion as a set of rules that should regulate human lives, thus, making this world better. For Joy, religion has no sense; she cannot imagine the presence of God in this world which is full of violence and unfairness. People often try to explain the real meaning of things without understanding their true nature, being blind to see pure knowledge. Therefore, the key message implies that people use religion as a shield behind which they can hide their true attitude to life. However, even well-educated people make the wrong conclusions when they start believe in nothing. The author uses irony in order to emphasize that when one is sure of the true nature of things from the scientific position of view, the universe is empty and God is a fiction, one cannot live without reflections about the supreme power that always exists in people’s lives. Hence, if there is no God in someone’s life, the empty space will be replaced by evil. The story is based on a line of contradictions between science and religion, education and foolishness. Despite her solid education, Joy tends to isolate herself from the rest of the humankind, feeling that she loses her faith. Because of that, she changes her name, choosing the ugliest one possible, i.e. Hulga. In addition, her relations with mother are as bad as than they can possibly be. One can notice that Hulga does not love her mother; treating the latter as an enemy. Hulga’s attitude towards her mother makes it obvious that the women is much like one of those good country people around but not Hulga’s family member. Thus, when Hulga changes the name, she feels satisfied by the victory over mother: “One of her major triumphs was that her mother had not been able to turn her dust into Joy, but the greater one was that she had been able to turn it herself into Hulga” (O’Connor 1632). Hulga believes in nothing, which becomes obvious from her consideration of life and world, the universe is empty. She supposes that religious people as the fools who are unable to comprehend the real meaning of things and, therefore, replace it by mystical beliefs. However, as a result of her new spiritual experiments, Hulga replaces the emptiness within by evil, which further on leads to her is inability to believe in goodness, God or another supreme power that could affect her life. Hulga’s reflections make stronger after meeting with a Bible salesman Manley Pointer, who, at first glance, seems religious and gentle, yet later on steels Hulga’s wo
Introduction When 21 st century people think about the word Kamikaze, the image that comes to mind is a fanatic group of the Japanese Armed Forces whose members were willing to lay down their lives for the purpose of demonstrating extreme devotion for a particular cause. Kamikaze fighter pilots are therefore lumped into the same category as Islamic extremists. However, a relatively new documentary film reveals another side to the story ( Wings of Defeat ). For the purpose of accurate historical documentation of the Second World War, it is important to point out that Kamikaze fighters are not comparable to religious extremists, because they plunged to their deaths on the strength of a military command. Main Body The realization was made after watching the said documentary film, especially in the episode that featured the Kamikaze pilot Kazuo Nakajima ( Wings of Defeat ). Kazuo Nakajima revealed that they were soldier obeying orders. He refuted the idea that they were fanatics. In fact, Nakajima expressed how much he loathed the former Emperor of Japan. He pointed the blame at Emperor Hirohito. Nakajima said that the country’s top leader had the power to end the war six months earlier (Hasegawa 2900. If Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces six months earlier, there was no need for Kamikaze pilots to die in vain. Nakajima’s testimony strengthened the argument that if these men were under able leaders, there was no need to embark on suicide missions (Nakamoto 210). At the same time, his testimony magnified Emperor Hirohito’s pride and vanity. Japan’s top leader during World War II was desperate and his solution was to send young Japanese soldiers into a fiery and cataclysmic death (Stille 368). However, he did not have to do that only if he had the moral fortitude to accept defeat. Nakajima’s bitter response summed up the world view of Emperor Hirohito, because he treated soldier’s lives like waste paper ( Wings of Defeat ). The proponent of this study decided to choose this particular episode because it provides clear evidence that Kamikaze pilots were forced to die against their will. It is therefore difficult to develop a positive narrative to describe the contribution of the Kamikaze pilots in World War II history. On the other hand, one can argue that there is at least one redeeming quality of the Kamikaze pilots, and it was their burning patriotism that enabled them to make the ultimate sacrifice (Zaloga 4). At the same time, commentators and historians can reinterpret the meaning of the term Kamikaze based on the testimonies of the Kamikaze pilots. Thus, at the end they can be portrayed as heroes who fought for a lost cause (Kuwahara and Allred 19). Conclusion The episode that featured Kazuo Nakajima enabled a change of perspective and a reinterpretation of the meaning of the word Kamikaze. These men must not be branded as fanatics and lumped together with the religious extremists that plague the contemporary world. A deeper analysis of their actions will reveal that they were following orders. Kazuo Nakajima clarified that they questioned the wisdom and the sincerity of Emperor Hirohito when he did no