ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Task 1: Service-Dominant Logic Lusch and Vargo established the S-D (Service-Dominant) logic in the fiscal year 2004. The perspective is a kind of a lens offering novel approaches for comprehending both the marketing trends and marketing problems. When compared to the customary goods oriented perspective, the S-D logic assists in the analysis of the global markets as it reveals the shifting worldviews. The S-D logic integrates various non-mainstream and leading marketing strategies including relationship marketing, services marketing, market orientation, and IMP interaction perspective (Ballantyne & Varey, 2008). Thus, the S-D logic assists in the sharing of new-fangled knowledge and ideas within the microeconomic firm levels as it enables organizations to set aside the old mental marketing models. Just like other conventional marketing strategies, the S-D logic embraces service as its fundamental principle and focuses on the interactions and services incorporated. Customer value creation The S-D logic assists in the establishment of the operant resource dominance including those acting upon various assets to generate advantage or benefits. The operant resources include money, goods, as well as other natural resources. The S-D logic asserts that the underlying sources for the creation of value are the operant resources namely the skills and knowledge. Value creating resources according to the S-D logic are hardly limited to the firms (Grönroos, 2006). Various stakeholders including the suppliers, customers, producers, and consumers equally contribute to the creation of value and therefore comprise the operant resources. Service-Dominant logic generally contends that the co-creation of value always incorporates all the stakeholders including the clients, consumers and others. In the S-D perspective, the creation of customer value accrues contextually through clients who are the service beneficiaries (Ballantyne & Varey, 2006). This implies that, it is difficult to generate value for the clients until the service beneficiaries, usually the clientele, are integrated into the value creation process. The clients are duty bound to apply and assimilate the service providers’ resources with various other assets in its personal, specific, and accessible resource contexts including any other resources that accrue from further service systems (Ballantyne & Varey, 2008). The value co-creation in the S-D perspective entails the application and incorporation of the integrated resources by the service beneficiaries from service providers namely the public, private, firms as well as the market facing resource integrators. However, given that, value is often beneficiary and contextually definite; the customers (beneficiaries) determine the created value because they are the final product consumers. The S-D perspective conceptualizes the co-creation of value, which necessitates the invitation of the client to take part in the process of designing, and producing needed value. Vargo
Political dissension has taken place in Canada throughout history. Various movements, from liberalism to conservatism through socialism, have practiced this dissent. Although politics in Canada have been male-dominated, women have not been left behind. Radical feminist standardized norms have found their way into state politics under the umbrella of different coalition organizations, including the NAC and the Action Groups that are composed of women (Andrew and Tremblay 22). However, there have always been arguments opposed to women’s movements. Radical, social, and liberal feminists have stood their ground, arguing that if any societal change is to be achieved in Canada then there must be a change in ways of life as well as ways of thought. Historically, Canada was designed to be the country where the first feminist revolution was bound to take place. The country has regularly witnessed the emergence of feminist movements and feminist ideas. The idea of feminism has been formed here since time immemorial, though it was connected then with issues of liberalism. 1 Canadian women’s routes through power structures and politics are not smooth at all. Women in Canada have been marginalized for a long time; thus, it has not been possible to use small groups in the political arena where there has been a need for the considerations of collaborative structures. At the same time, radical feminists in Canada have rejected already-existing authority structures. The term feminist, as presented in this discussion, means the group of women who view discrimination as the major contributor to the political system. This has been enhanced by inequality, even though in the fight against discrimination, women have found their way into the political system. The term politics is broad in its definition, based on the fact that it goes beyond political gatherings and parties and the law-making structure. The following discussion is inclusive of the feminist power structure in Canada. To start with, it is important to look at the historical background with regards to feminism (women) power, structure, and politics in Canada. Current liberal feminism comes from the systematic coercion of women in Canada, as women were regulated to the domestic sphere. The social patriarch forced women to dominate at home; thus, there was no room for them to go public in power or politics. The liberal theory in which feminist ideology is rooted comprises liberal and feminist ideas. Social feminism aims to offer women social roles that were initially designated exclusively for men. Finally, radical feminism suggests that women play greater role in organizations. However, at present, social and radical theories have fused into a single entity. 2 In the 1960s, feminist activities in Canada gained forward motion in reference to social modification when they emphasized the obliteration of the so-called patriarchal rule structure. Because of the adoption of feminist doctrine in Canada, the women’s movement led to an increase in legislative representation in family dy
Focus and Rationale Adequate nutrition of school students is one of the most critical matters of concern for both local and state policymakers. The primary problem is the dominance of high-calorie and junk food as well as semi-processed products in the menus offered at schools instead of fresh and nourishing products and beverages (Kensler & Uline, 2016). This choice can be easily explained by lower expenses connected to financing such menus and the longevity of shelf life of frozen half-prepared food. Moreover, even if school-age kids have an option of choosing between healthy food, milk, and plain water, they tend to give preference to junk food and soda due to massive marketing campaigns and their overall popularity. As for now, nationwide grants allowing the introduction of fresh fruits and vegetables into school menus are populated to improve the overall condition of health among students. Janesville School District is not an exception, as it has got around $85,000 for differentiating menus and including fresh fruits and vegetables (Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, 2016). Still, there is a significant challenge of proper allocation of resources and budgets for financing school food services. It is connected to the heavy reliance on the state budget. Therefore, the problem under research is the financing of food services in Janesville School District, Wisconsin. First of all, it is essential to realize that this problem is determined by the existence of specialties between school districts and local and state governments. As for now, there are four nutritional programs, which are developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. According to them, most schools get financial support from the state in the form of cash reimbursement for each served meal. However, to win funding, school leaders should guarantee that menus meet federal nutritional requirements such as courage of food and ration of fresh and processed food in proposed diets. Moreover, free or subsidized lunches are expected ( Meal prices and payment options , 2016). That said, the focus will be made on investigating available resources and the ways of making up budgets. Moreover, specific attention will be paid to monitoring instruments, audit techniques, and opportunities for carrying available budget to the next years. Finally, the budget will be evaluated and an attempt to draw recommendations for making allocations more cost-efficient will be made. The rationale for choosing this research problem is the fact that most schools ignore the significance of offering healthy food to students. Giving preference to junk food is related to health deterioration. I believe that for me as a leader, the investigation of this problem is crucial because of a positive correlation between healthy food (e.g., the prevalence of fresh products in diet) and academic performance. More than that, all school leaders bear personal responsibility for the healthy future of the nation, as reviewing food policies and maintaining viable food service programs, which satisfy nutritional needs of children, would lead to addressing the challenge of epidemics such as diabetes mellitu
Double Click Inc was established in the year 1995 as an internet application service provider (Huff, 2002). In the year 1999, Abacus Direct Company merged with the company with the aim of improving on their services (Huff, 2002). Abacus Direct Company focuses on data collection. With their association, there were fears that secret web-serving profiles collected by Abacus would be compromised. In this article, three legal, three ethical, and three regulatory issues that should be addressed by the company are discussed. Legal issues Currently, the company is tainted with several legal controversies. As such, the three major legal issues that the company should address are privacy violations, profiling, and unintended use of cookies (Huff, 2002). The company has several pending lawsuits related to private policy issues. In its operations, the company collects data from the internet users. A number of information collected by the company includes the type of web browsers, operating systems, ISPs, and bandwidths. The information is recorded in the company’s generic cookie. The cookie captures the time the online user saw the advert, advert placement id, user id, client’s IP address, and a user referral URL. Through this, the company violates users’ privacy rights. To avoid future legal battles, the company should inform their clients that they are tracking their activities online because they are doing so now without their consent. Concerning profiling, the company with the use of cookies can track individuals as they navigate from one site to another. Through this, the company can precisely pinpoint the time and date the user saw the advert without the consent of the user. Similarly, by analyzing the users’ IP addresses the company can pinpoint the users’ countries, towns, and cities. Through frequency capping technology, the company uses the cookie information it captures to target advertisements with regard to the number of times a user accesses a specific message on the internet. Through this, the company breaches users’ privacy rights and are liable to prosecution. Ethical issues Based on the case study, Double Click is flawed with numerous ethical issues. Among the top three ethical issues are fraudulent advertising, dishonest privacy policy, and theft of information (Huff, 2002). Fraudulent advertising happens when an organization or an individual comes up with deliberate deceptive and deceitful announcements with respect to their goods and services with the aim of increasing their sales. It is unethical for any company to engage in fraudulent advertising. Therefore, Double Click must address the issue with immediate effect. In the case study, the company has deceitfully routed a number of Internet users to its clients’ websites through the circulation of misleading advertising posters that imit
World War 2 was one of the most bloody conflicts in the history of the World. Millions died in the six years of conflict and a whole generation of young men left America and returned home scarred by their experiences. American cinema and literature are full of references to American experiences during the war. Band of Brothers, and Patton Saving Private Ryan are just a few programs that aim to show how Americans lived, fought and died in that war. However, this results in an unfortunate bias. All we are exposed to is the American perspective. American soldiers are always noble, patriotic saviors of the free world, while Germans and Japanese are always nefarious, evil imperialists bent on world domination. In other words, our perspectives on World War 2 are unfairly biased against the other participants in the War. In order to help balance this unfair bias the films Stalingrad (1994) and Downfall (2003) along with the memoir The Forgotten Soldier (1967) will be reviewed in order to expand our understanding of history from the perspective of Nazi and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.). These works will be reviewed with a view towards piercing the veil of our stereotypes about Germans and revealing the human aspect of the common German solider. The Battle of Stalingrad, fought between Fall 1942 – Spring 1943, was no doubt one of the cruelest and traumatic episodes, from the German perspective, of World War 2. What began as a grand campaign to finally knock the Soviet Union out of the War turned into a tragic rout that resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of men and the destruction of an entire German army. The Movie Stalingard by Joseph Vilsmaier is a noble attempt to depict the horrors of the Eastern Front from a real world perspective and removes the romanticism and noir normally associated with war movies. The movie follows the lives of a German Wehrmacht infantry platoon as they are shuttled from the North African front to Italy and finally to the Russian front where they find themselves part of the Sixth Army when it launches its campaign to conquer Stalingrad. This film is not the first German portrayal of Stalingrad it is predated by the 1959 movie Hunde, wollt ihr ewig Leben or Stalingrad: Dogs, do you wish to live forever? The movie begins with the men in the assault engineers better known as Pionere who are enjoying much deserved leave in Italy after campaigns in Italy. The three main characters are introduced Lieutenant von Witzland, the idealistic platoon leader, Unteroffizier “Rollo” Rohleder, who was denie
Introduction As at the end of 2009, Apple’s generic strategy involved the introduction of innovative, high quality consumer electronics to the mass. Apple should continue to compete in the personal computer industry. Since the release of iPod, iTunes, iPhones, and Mac PCs, Apple positioned itself as one of the most innovative technology company in the world. Justification In 2001, the iPod changed Apple and the digital music player industry. In 2003, the company launched iTunes, which was an innovative online music store where users could purchase and download songs. iTunes acquired 70 percent of the online market share when consumers downloaded 100 million songs by July 2004. Both iPod and iTunes were responsible for Apple’s continued success. In 2009 under the leadership of Cook, Apple recorded the best performance ever in the third quarter of 2009 financial year with $8.34 billion revenues as compared to $7.46 billion for the same quarter in the previous year. This resulted from massive sales of PCs, iPods, iPhones, and downloaded iTunes. The company managed to ship 2.6 million Macintosh PCs, 10.2 million iPods, and 5.2 million iPhones. These figures represented impressive growth in sales of Apple products relative to the same quarter of the previous year. In addition, within three days of the launch of the new iPhone 3GS, it sold over one million units. As the App Store launch marked its first anniversary, users had downloaded over 1.5 billion iPhone apps (Marino, Hattaway and Jackson 353-368). Conclusion Apple’s generic strategy of introducing innovative, high quality products had proved successful. Moreover, the company must continue to compete in the personal computer industry despite low-cost products from competitors because it is an innovative company, which can operate in competitive environments. Works Cited Marino, Lou, John Hattaway and Katy Jackson. “A pple Inc. in 2009.” Essentials of Strategic Management: The Quest for Competitive Advantage. 2nd ed. Ed. John E. Gamble and Arthur A. Thompson, Jr. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2010. 353- 368. Print.
Introduction Human beings have revolutionized the way they exchange goods and services and conduct other economic affairs. Barter trade had for a long period exposed people to numerous inefficiencies that made it difficult for them to do business (Eichengreen and Temin 1997). However, the introduction of paper and silver money did not come easily because people had to suffer serious economic, social and political issues before a standard currency was invented. The gold standard was invented to help nations to participate in international trade without inconveniencing others (Mankiw 1997). They were pushed to do this because there was no standard measure of value between currencies. This essay explores the conflicts that faced the gold standard, moral lessons, and the possibilities of reintroducing it in modern societies. The Gold Standard Conflict Barry Eichengreen and Peter Temin define the gold standard practice as a way of doing business where participating nations equated their currencies to a specified amount or size of gold. Therefore, gold was used as a reference item that determined the value of goods and services. They claim that no country was willing to trade with those that had high valued currencies; therefore, they had to seek ways of ensuring that they solved using a standard mode of payment and currency evaluation (Eichengreen and Temin 1997). They argue that this was a better way of determining the value of different currencies compared to other traditional methods like barter trade and silver money (Delong 1996). The debate on the suitability of the gold standard in the 1920s made some nations reject it even though others were reluctant to follow suit. The following are arguments presented by Barry Eichengreen and Peter Temin to discredit the need to use the gold standard practice. They argue that the gold standard tradition was a major impediment to economic growth because it prevented federal reserves from expanding and supplying money to the public (Eichengreen and Temin 1997). Most insolvent banks were not funded because there was limited money in circulation. This was a serious threat to local investors that relied on loans and other financial assistance from commercial banks. States accumulated a lot of deficits and this made it impossible for them to expand the money supply to the public. These factors prolonged the Great Economic Depression of the 1920s-1930s that forced nations to increase their costs of capital and labor, limited the government’s contribution to income, and weakened security markets (Delong 1996). Some countries thought it would be wise to abandon the gold standard approach and re-introduce their currencies in the market. Countries that had gold deposits enjoyed this practice and did not abandon it quickly. Australia took longer than other countries to abandon this practice because it had huge gold deposits that gave it a competitive currency value advantage over other nations. This means that countries that had limited gold could not compete with those that were endowed with this resou
The Beatles is a famous rock group, which is known across the world. The group has a rich historical background as evident in their album called Revolver. The group is based in Britain; however, they have engaged in numerous performances in many world-class stages, which have made the group internationally renowned. The group’s album called Revolver is their most famous regardless of other popular albums. Therefore, the album is viewed by many as the peak of the group’s career. Revolver was released in 1966 and started by winning awards in many fronts. After its release, Revolver stayed top of a famous “English ranking called British chart” for close to seven weeks. It also won other top classifications such as the “American chart” where it dominated for six weeks. These two charts are still top ranking measures in the music industry thus they justify why the album is still regarded as one of the best albums in the history of music. As late as 2009, the album still topped many charts and it was ranked third in a “British magazine known as Rolling Stone” which ranks the best five hundred albums in history of music. The album is made up of fourteen songs which won various prizes as singles. These include the “famous Good Day Sunshine, Taxman, and Yellow Submarine”. Most of the songs in the album were composed by Paul McCartney who is a famous composer in Britain and he was assisted by Lennon. A few songs such as “Love You To” and “I Want To Tell You” were composed by Harrison who is a great composer and especially in rock music. The three composers were also the lead vocalists for their songs which are the main reason their voices blended well. The album was also promoted by high quality instrumentation which went with the songs. John Lennon applied his classic skills in playing the guitar for most of the songs. He doubled as a guitarist and a vocalist thus his voice was well in harmony with the guitar as well as the other instruments. Lennon was assisted in playing the instruments by Mal Evans who has a legendary quality and way of playing guitar. Other instrument players in the album were “Geoff Emerick who was an engineer” for the musical instruments. Brian Jones was also involved as “he played the sound effects which give a sound of clinking glass as it is heard in the song called Yellow Submarine”. Revolver is also characterized by songs which have a great lyrical background and the vocalists were able to merge this with the instruments while creating the right tempo. The songs are cross-thematic where most of them are related to love and others are party songs. However, “Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison” merged their talents well to give the album the quality and reputation it has earned. The quality of their album has made its songs to be preferred soundtracks for numerous movies. Conclusion Music is largely dependent on talent but this is not always necessary to develop great mu
Violent and sexual offenders are believed to be among the most dangerous types of people in today’s modern world. This kind of offense is very different than other offenses and is judged based on certain criteria. A violent offense is based on the severity of physical damage, whilst a sexual offense is considered a violation of the person’s most sacred rights. The treatment for both is also set accordingly—a violent offender is taught to control emotions and practice techniques that help analyze the degree of stress, while a sexual offender is meant to change the set of values it has and obtain an understanding of the surrounding world. When looking at violent offences, there are many things that draw a line between the treatment and assessment of the charges. The primary has to deal with the model and the exhibited behavior and different types of conditions present at that time. There is a noticeable difference between habitual aggression and a first or second-charge violent offense. In the treatment process, those who are engaged in habitual violence have a greater chance to come in contact with services that provide some form of treatment. Some of the important applications and approaches in the treatment of violent offenders are the ways that the