ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Leadership is one of the most important factors in the history of humankind. The history of leadership can be traced back to the origin of humanity. Man has always cherished the art of leadership. According to Garner (2000, p. 7), leadership is always viewed as an inborn quality of a person. It is the ability of an individual to offer guidance and direction to others. This scholar says that leadership though can be learned through a process of induction or general classroom session, it is a trait that some individuals are naturally born with. He however states that this does not mean that all leaders are born. For a long time, leadership has been a preserve for men. In many societies across the world, men have always been considered as the heads of various organizations, from such small set-ups like homes, to religious groupings and even kingdoms and empires. Women have been considered as weaker sex, always expected to be at home to care for children. The society viewed women as people who are not in a position to make concrete decision that would help the society forge ahead. Banutu (2004, p. 145) says that this was attributed to the kind of society that people lived in. By then, the wellbeing of the society depended on the ability of that society to fight successfully in battles that were very common. This scholar notes that communities would fight for the grazing ground, settlements and even wealth. A leader would be expected to be at the frontline of the battles, directing the worriers on how to attack the enemies. Success of a leader would be determined by how frequent he would win the battles. Naturally, women are physically weak. This was the genesis of the society’s view that women cannot manage leadership. Yukongdi (2010, p. 171) says that because women were physically weak and could not go to the battlefields, they could not offer advice on how well the society could best attack and win battles and come back with wealth because they lacked experience. This made the society despise them even further. The more they were pushed away from leadership, the more they became irrelevant in the same, and the more they became convinced that they could not make any worthy leaders. The First and the Second World Wars however, marked the difference of this notion. When the men went to fight in foreign countries, they left women to take care of the families. At first, women thought that their new role as heads of families was a bit weird. They were not used to it. However, as time went by, they became accustomed to it and realized that they could make as good heads of the family, just as men. The situation at the battlefields enhanced their leadership capacities. A good number of men who went to the battlefields were killed, forcing their wives to permanently take the leadership positions. It is from this moment that women considered the fact that they could equally make good le
Introduction In Hebrews, the word messiah refers to ‘anointed one’ or someone sent on divine mission with reference Jewish perspective. Particularly, biblical presentation of Messiah revolves around someone ‘holy and righteous’, sent to redeem human nature from sin. In this regard, Christians believe on the Old Testament prophesy about the birth of ‘a Messiah’, who turned out as Jesus Christ. More precisely, the Old Testament prophesy about Messiah is fulfilled in the new testament when Jesus is born, who subsequently started His Messianic mission. According to the teachings of the New Testament, Jesus fits the Old Testament. On the other hand, Jewish believe on Jesus seems different from Christians since, Jewish religion does not accord Jesus as Messiah. As it has been revealed, Jews perceive Jesus as lacking the capacity to meet the descriptions of ‘Messiah’ as the Hebrews Bible describes it. On this basis, this paper will focus on the main reasons why the Jewish perception of Messiah differs from that of Christians, despite the two religions having common divine scripture book. Comparison of Messianic Prophesies Between Christians and Jews According to Isaiah (9: 6, NIV), “A child will be born and his name would be wonderful counselor…” With reference to Christians’ perception of this verse, the child being prophesized by Isaiah was Jesus Christ. On the other hand, Jews interpret this verse to refer to King Hezekiah, the great reformer who eradicated idolatry in Judah. Further, the phrase ‘wonder of a counselor, Mighty God’ is considered by Jews as referring to God, who did miraculous things during King Hezekiah’s reign incl
Introduction and History Science fiction as a genre is rich in ideas and technologies offered by different authors. Sometimes it is possible to encounter bold and incredible inventions that are supposed to be used by people in the future. At the same time, some phenomena once described in science fiction, for instance, various automated mechanisms, or more obviously robots, have long been used in the modern world. Some of the favorite themes of the authors of this genre are space travel to other planets and interstellar contact with aliens. In this category of science fiction, it is often possible to find references to faster-than-light travel, that is, nearly instantaneous flight over long distances. This technology, as McGuirk (2018) notes, was described in the works of Lem, Asimov, and other outstanding science fiction writers. Nevertheless, its plausibility is still doubted today, and the proof is the fact that so far, no means have been found to overcome the light barrier and reach such speed. Making use of the phenomenon of faster-than-light travel was typical for writers of the 20th century. According to Dourish and Bell (2014), authors began actively using this hypothetical technology after the conquest of space, and one of the first science fiction writers who mentioned it was Isaac Asimov. Dourish and Bell (2014, p. 770) argue that “science fiction shapes popular imaginings of the future.” This statement is quite justified since the topic of finding viable means to overcome the speed of light is still relevant today. Despite Albert Einstein’s insistence that faster-than-light travel was theoretically possible based on his theory of relativity, no significant discoveries were made
My Old Home by Lu Xun “As I remembered it, it was nothing like this; it was a much better place. But when I tried to recall or articulate its beauty, I discovered I held no mental image of it – no words to describe it. Maybe it had always been like this, I told myself. Even though time had been kind to it, it was surely not as bleak as it now struck me. It was I who had changed, I reasoned; grown melancholy (Xun 70). The passage is uttered by person who comes back to the house of his parents. Judging from the plot, the readers can deduce that the protagonist has not been in this place for a long time, and he expects to see the images that are extremely dear to him. However, his expectations are bitterly disappointed. The main character cannot understand whether he has become too melancholy or his home has become so bleak (Xun 70). It is possible to argue that Lu Xun attempts to show how individual can create artificial memories in order to shield themselves from traumatic experiences and create a different version of the past. Overall, in this short story, the author attempts to emphasize the inaccuracy of memory and perception. The descriptions provided by the writer show that an individual can convince oneself of something and this idea can become engraved in his/her memory. This is one of the points that can be made. Such experiences are familiar to the narrator. Nevertheless, this person can easily become disillusioned. This phenomenon is depicted in the selected passage. The story-teller attempts to discover the mental images of his home in order to recollect the beauty and the joy of his childhood years (Xun 70). Nevertheless, his memory fails him because he can find nothing that may confirm his convictions about the past. This is the moment when he begins to re-evaluate his perception of the past. One should take into consideration that Lu Xun relies on the literary technique that is very popular among writers. In particular, he adopts such a method as stream of consciousness when the narrator combines his/her memories of the past with present-day experiences (Middleton & Woods 12). This is one of the details that attract attention of the readers, and one can say that it is important for understanding the passage and the short story, in general. Lu Tun describes a situation that can be encountered by many individuals. The moments of disillusionment can be experienced by people who earn to see somebody or something that was once extremely dear to them. Moreover, this disillusionment can make a person re-evaluate his/her attitude toward other people. For example, the protagonist has to accept that his childhood friends can be actually hostile to him. So, th
Imperialism, Modernization, and Westernization The waves of imperialism, modernization, and Westernization had significant implications on 19th and 20th century Asia. Firstly, imperialism had negative impacts since it destroyed the cultural practices of the people and exploiting the available natural resources. Some natives were enslaved and forced to offer free services to the colonialists. However, several Asian regions managed to receive new goods and resources from different European powers, such as India (Hoffman 19). The established transport systems became a new opportunity for economic growth. Modernization was a positive force that empowered more people with educational opportunities and ideas for pursuing their trade and economic activities (Davidann 23). Concepts of democracy started to take shape in many Asian countries. However, this force encouraged many people to consider foreign practices that could disorient their cultural beliefs and values. Similarly, the wave of Westernization resulted in new ideologies, economic structures, and political ideas. The notions of fundamentalism and protectionism became common in many Asian countries throughout the 20th century. These forces had significant effects on these three countries: Japan, China, and Korea. Firstly, Japan was able to stand firm against any foreign threat throughout the early 20th century. However, Westernization, modernization, and imperialism were powerful occurrences or trends that made it possible for this country to industrialize. The region would become a trade destination for many countries from the West. These ideals have made it one of the industrial and technological powerhouses on the continent. Nonetheless, its leaders have been keen to maintain its cultural practices. Secondly, China recorded negative outcomes due to the proces
Scenario #1: Hospital Employee At-will Termination The at-will principle is one of those ideas that make employment issues both easier and more complicated at the same time, depending on the perspective. While formally, it is less challenging, with fewer obligations and papers to fill, in terms of legal issues, the at-will concept makes the process of investigation extremely tangled. The case in point, Mr. Fusal’s termination of the contract for no apparent reason, is one of the most graphic examples of the flaws of the at-will doctrine. It must be admitted that, technically, there are a lot of details that make Mr. Fusal’s attempt to prove his point inconsistent:   * Mr. Fusal signed the contract, which means that he was aware of uncertainties regarding his possible dismissal;   * Knowing the controversy of the agreement that he signed, Mr. Fusal should have taken care of the evidence that could prove his record being impeccable. As few as these arguments are, they still make the reasonability of Mr. Fusal’s claim questionable. Scenario #2: When the At-will Principle Rubs the Wrong Way Even though the current at-will employment principles have admittedly been shaped so that the decisions made by either an employee or an employer should follow the current legislation principles, it goes without saying that the uncertainty and lack of commentary on the choices made by either of the parties seem to be the basic problem with the at-will principle in employment, especially when it concerns the field of medicine, and nowhere is the given issue as evident as in the case of Mr. Fusal’s dismissal. The following arguments must be used as the key reason for reconsidering the choice made by the healthcare organization:   * The lack of transparency in the applied principle does not allow for defining the guilty party. Therefore, unless it is proven that the dismissal was caused by either of the reasons listed below, the dismissal cannot be considered legitimate:       + Mr. Fusal’s lack of competence;       + Mr. Fusal’s professional mistakes;       + Mr. Fusal’s mistakes that caused his patient’s or patients’ health problems.   * The fact that, due to the lack of clarity, not professional, but personal issues, i.e., the conflicts between Mr. Fusal and the organization’s managers/leaders may have triggered the dismissal. As long as Mr. Fusal’s fault has not been technically proven, he has all reasons to defend his rights. Scenario #3: Considering the Issue Objectively: Ethical Concerns Perhaps, one of the most controversial aspects of the current employment legislation, at-will employment already has enough loopholes in it for infringing the rights of either an employee or an empl
A strong correlation between student achievement and motivation to learn has been established by researchers. Motivation and enthusiasm represent desire and interest. Atkinson and Feather posit in their need achievement theory that children face a central conflict, namely, the striving to succeed and the urge to avoid failure (qt. in National Research Council & the Institute of Medicine). We often view motivation as the extrinsic things that people want. We learn because we want to get a good job or we go to our job because we want money. Motivation can be described as the amount that we spend on a task and how much value the task has to us, whether we want to learn to do it, or whether we can do it or not. I would love to be a dancer, but I don’t believe that I’ll be able to do that, so while my desire to do it is strong, my expectation that I’ll be successful at it is very low, and therefore, my motivation is low. Lack of motivation is a big problem among children. We know that education is the key to success for every country. Education helps to boost the economy and to generate democratic societies. Today, the younger generation does not have much interest in education. If we look at the education system, students’ interest to achieve higher education is low; in other words, students have a low motivation towards education, in the current setting. Research shows that students just want to get a certificate or degree with passing grades only. Students do not want to understand education properly. As we compare to previous years, there are more older people coming to a school than younger ones because at a younger age, they do not have any motive or interest in their education and they realize the importance of education at an older age. This is very common today. Lack of motivation is one big reason that could make one’s life unhappy. There are a lot of reasons behind the loss of interest in education among children such as increasing media and new technology. Today, new technology and various discoveries that make life better and comfortable have been invented or made. Out of various technologies, media is also one of them. Media is the way through which a lot of information can be gotten and through which people can know about the world while sitting at home. According to ‘Monitor on Psychology’ by Clay, media is becoming the cause of the loss of desire among the young generation. Interesting and entertainment programs are creating a big obstacle for students at an early age. Media provides too many distractions. Children watch cartoons at the time of eating, sleeping, and studying. So, in this way, their minds are toward television all the time. According to the aforementioned article, children between the age of five and eighteen spend an average of almost five and a half hours a day watching television, playing a video game
Introduction Commissar Maigret has entered the history of detective literature along with Sherlock Holmes, Hercule Poirot, and Nero Wolfe. It is the very example when the character starts living his own, valid life without the author’s participation. And Maigret was so realistic a character, that he was even honored with a monument in Delfsail in 1966, wherein 1929 George Simenon wrote the first novel about Commissar. Though Maigret was mentioned in earlier compositions by Simenon, about 80 stories were written about him. Jules Joseph Anselm Maigret was born in 1915 in Saint-Fiacre village, in the family of the Count of Saint-Fiacre. Some of his brand attributes are his pipes, his compound advance to detecting (at times trusting his pure insight, at times on method), and his affection for alcohol. Often during an inquiry, he will stop into a small cafe or bar for a drink and probably a light lunch. His drink of choice is beer or cider, although he has also been recognized to drink Pastis as well as wine at dinner or when it is the only thing obtainable. This is not to state that he is a drunk, as it is a subject of individual arrogance that he can hold his liquid, and would be deeply humiliated if he permitted himself to get intoxicated. Maigret is often dressed in a heavy overcoat, even when going to the Riviera – a fact which guides people strange with him to mark him immediately as a policeman. Plot overview Joseph Gastin, a school director from Saint-André-sur-Mer, near La Rochelle, has been expecting Maigret. The ex-postmistress of his little town, Léonie Birard, had been murdered, shot in the eye with a 22 gun from some distance, as she looked out the window of her accommodation. Gastin was considered as a stranger in the village, is convinced that he is viewed as the key suspect. Maigret calls Lieutenant Daniélou and tells him he’ll bring Gastin back, and gets to know from him of new confirmation: one of the boys in Gastin’s group of students, Marcel Sellier, has confirmed that he’d seen the teacher coming from the instrument shed at the time the killing took place, and there was a 22 in the hut, belonging to Jean-Paul Gastin, his son. Gastin rejected having gone to the shack. Getting to Saint-André, Maigret comes into the inn to check it, as the Bon Coin, where he is shocked to find out that the maid and cook, Thérèse, is a woman he’d once met in his headquarters in Paris. Gastin is put in jail in La Rochelle. Maigret acquires the sense of the town, and questions the boy, Sellier, the son of the town policeman, who attaches to his story. No one is useful, but on the day of Léonie’s funeral, Maigret, at last, achieves a possibility for a confidential talk with Jean-Paul, who informs him that Marcel had lied, that he’d been at the other window, and consequently could not have observed anyone coming out of the hut. Moreover, he had seen his father go to the house for coffee and returned. Realizin
Each of the members can indeed contribute significantly towards innovation in an organization. From the profile that I took, I scored highly both in innovation and intuition. An individual who is intuitive is capable of taking significant steps without relying on any point of reference or other forms of knowledge (Rowe, 2004). In order for each of the members to influence innovation in one way or another, they must be endowed with certain qualities. In my case, my decisions are usually guided by past experiences and that is why I scored highly on this form of creative intelligence. Managers in businesses often create a clear track record of past performance in order to avoid repetition of mistakes. An intuitive manager or employee is highly likely to be innovative in an organization because past blunders can hardly be repeated especially when formulating new ideas and thought processes. Hence, intuition assists innovation in the sense that it is easy to understand the historical significance of past activities within an organization. From an organization’s point of view, it is prudent for patterns to be taken into account when formulating new
Introduction Corporate management is a complex task that involves encountering several changes, analyzing corporate problems and seeking ways to develop solutions for the persistent dilemmas (Lindgren 2012). Among other management concerns, managing corporate change, managing employee problems, and balancing between the internal operations and the external issues such as market competition are complex issues for the top managers. One of the most troublesome issues that seem to affect the modern organizations is the concept of corporate change that has been requiring strategic plans to be efficient. According to Lindgren (2012), Chief Executive Officers (C.E.O) and other top managers face ethical, legal, organizational, and decision-making dilemmas when solving various problems associated with an organization. With the increasing corporate changes and challenges, identifying the prevailing management problems and fixing them appropriately are becoming important management components (Lindgren 2012). This essay intends to analyze several management concerns in the Case of CAR and its C.E.O, Megan , provides potential solutions, and recommends an implementation plan for the chosen solutions. The Identified Management Problems Lack of Strategies for Proper Financial Management & Product Marketing- the first management lapse that was eminent in the case of CAR is the lack of proper financial management. According to the issues raised in the case study, the monetary resources of CAR went to unimportant commitments such as treating the C.E.O extravagantly with an excess pay. This lack of proper financial control and planning is what resulted to fallen stock values, due to the lack of enough financial backing in the marketing department. The CAR Company also fell short of the ideas that would support significant marketing techniques and the distribution of the CAR products. This is eminent in the scenario where their Research and Development (R&D) department could only come with meager ideas that could not support the creation of new products or innovations. According to the case, external competition from the Chinese investors was increasing, while the marketing ideas were still lacking in the CAR Company. Lack of a Strategy for Talent Management & Employee Retention – two key issues that enhance effective productivity in the modern organizations are talent management and employee retention (Lindgren 2012). Talent management and employee retention are other two management factors that revealed the weaknesses in the CAR management systems. As an identified problem in the case, Megan received testimonies about the unjustified sacking of former productive managers and engineers. Due to the persistent problems of dismissing the talented wor