ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Much like their feelings toward alcohol, Americans have exhibited ambiguous feelings about marijuana. Some view it as little different from heroin, while others see it as no more harmful than tobacco. These views have been reflected in changing social policies toward marijuana. The question of just what constitutes a medicine is not as easy or as cut-and-dried as it might seem at first glance. Critics admit that there is a conflict between federal and states laws concerning marijuana and its medical use. Thesis Medical marijuana should be legalized on the state level because it will help the state to control a black market, collect taxes and free up the police and federal court from minor crimes, and protect the patients and doctors from criminal responsibility. Main text The USA is one of the countries where marijuana is used for medical purposes. In the case of marijuana, especially of smoked marijuana, the scientific difficulties are compounded by the fact that the substance has a recognizable psychoactive effect—making most of those who take it “high”—and a taste and aroma many Americans recognize from experience. Marijuana is one of the most popular drugs prescribed for cancer and Aids patients. “The Federal Government, however, does not recognize their legality and on occasion, the DEA has raided these medical distribution centers” (Belio 62). With the substance being prohibited by federal law, it is difficult to procure marijuana of sufficiently reliable quality and consistency to make the results authoritative. The federal government maintains a marijuana plantation in Mississippi, which supplies marijuana at taxpayer expense to the eight patients authorized under federal law to use marijuana medicinally and for research projects. Research studies show that marijuana has great value for medical practice. Many advocates of medical marijuana believe that the various compounds in the natural plant act synergistically to produce better healing results than a single-molecule preparation. For instance, the state laws are crucial for the legal status of medical marijuana because: “All the state medical marijuana laws treat wasting syndrome as a qualifying medical condition, with the exception of the more restrictive states of Washington and Vermont. (Boire and Feeney 58). In the USA, marijuana is already used for medical purposes and its legal status on the state level will help doctors and patients to avoid criminal responsibility (Belio 119). Marijuana or cannabis is regulated at the federal level of government by the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, which provides a spectrum of “schedules” for prescription drugs, from outright prohibition of use to uses that require extensive recordkeeping by pharmacists to relatively unrestricted use by prescription. Over-the-counter drugs that can be obtained without a prescription can also be described as “unscheduled” drugs (Boire and Feeney 54). In the 1980s, the federal laws dealing with marijuana became complex and strict. Terms of imprisonmen
Introduction Marketing principles refer to those principles that govern marketing. To be successful in marketing, a business organization should identify its customers’ needs and fulfill them (Bose 2000). The companies that will be discussed in this paper are McDonalds and the Bloomingdales. Discussion 1a) Numerous marketing definitions have been put forward with each definition straining on different issues. The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CMI) defines marketing as a management procedure accountable for recognising, anticipating and fulfilling consumer wants profitably. The American Marketing Association (AMA) has developed a new marketing definition which reveals the wide role of marketing in the contemporary society. It defines marketing as an action for establishing, conversing, delivering and trading in goods and services which are useful to consumers, clients, associates and the whole society (Bose 2000). Marketing is all about satisfying the needs and wants of the final consumer. A need is a primary necessity that a person wishes to fulfill including food, protection, clothing and love. A want is an aspiration for a particular good or service so as to meet the principal needs. Considering the market and particularly the targeted customer needs and wants is essential for the success of marketing. A business organisation should come up with a marketing tactic that aims at the desired groups. It is a primary idea of marketing that business organisations endure and flourish through fulfilling the needs and wants of consumers. A business organisation should equate its capacities with the wants of the consumer. Organisations suffer from competitor pressures, and fluctuations in the political, financial, social and technical surrounding. A business organisation should thus put into consideration the needs and wants of its customers. Success of any business organisation is reliant on fulfilling the customer wants (Pickton 2010). The vital inspiration of marketing is value and satisfaction whereby a firm offers a valuable product to its customers who are ready to pay so as make the business progressive putting into consideration the associated opportunity costs. Value must be observed from the consumer’s perception since different consumers value different product characteristics. There are different types of consumer value. These include form, place, time and possession utility. In form utility, the good or service is made accessible to the final customer in a useful form while, in place utility, goods are delivered to the consumer at a place where
Executive summary This report was prepared for McDonald’s to assess external factors that are impacting the organization’s competitive strategy. Chart one highlights the PESTEL analysis with regard to political/legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and ecological factors that are influencing the performance outcomes of the business establishment. Chart two is utilized to further analyze the important external forces that could bring the most essential business opportunities and threats. Finally, will aim at offering some important recommendations that could be adopted by the management so that the firm could realize excellent performance outcomes on the platform of gaining and maintaining a competitive advantage. Analysis Political/legal forces         Economic forces               Socio-cultural forces                      Technological forces         Ecological forces          – High taxation rates                                        -Majority of customers understand English  -Online transactions                                    – Protests from health groups  -Changing inflation rates     -Changing lifestyles support fast food     -High uptake of technology   -Environmental damage      – Unfavorable tax laws         – Unfavorable exchange rates  -Rise of the middle class                  -Hi-tech advertising         -Use of non-biodegradables – Strict employment laws                                                                                -Effective inventory system                              Figure 1. A chart representing the political/legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and ecological forces of McDonald’s. Political/legal forces The operations of all multinational firms are influenced by policies of nations in which they conduct business. In fact, management teams of organizations closely analyze policies of a state before establishing markets in them. McDonald’s has been adversely affected by policies in some countries (Arthaud-Day, Rothaermel & Collins, 2014; Rothaermel, 2013). For example, in the US and Europe, governments have been petitioned to declare various types of fast food unhealthy for human consumption. The argument has been that i
Introduction The American Factory is a Netflix original film talking about the journey of an Asian company trying to establish itself in Moraine, Ohio, as an auto-glass manufacturing factory on a previously owned General Motors (G.M.) assembly plant. A stunning yet captivating documentary project by Steven Bognar and Julia Reichert focuses its lenses on telling a story to the world about Fuyao, who created a lot of jobs and revitalized an industry, and his esteemed employees (many of whom were formerly employed at the General Motors plant.). The film showcases a phenomenal cultural difference between the Chinese and American communities, growing pains, internal and external conflicts, and the changing attitudes about work in light of ever-increasing globalization. This paper will discuss an in-depth analysis of the fundamental issues portrayed in this fantastic Oscar Award-winning film for Best Documentary Feature in 2020. Main body Neoliberalism is the fundamental aspect to consider when understanding the success of the American Factory as it communicates the political and economic ideology. The sole objective of Neoliberalism is to disintegrate the holding process of Keynesian nostrums on a capital basis and the state. The structure and landscape of consumption and production have changed in the recent past concerning globalization, free trade, and deregulation. It is precisely the case that the film industry is susceptible to the interchanges; however, how extremely does a movie propound a counter-good judgment at the extent of form? The movie American Factory tries to clarify further that Neoliberalism is not a slogan, and neither does it submit to a logical location. It deeply asks how the world receives instructions and who, within Neoliberalism and any transition from it, gets to tell it. In the film American Factory, Bognar
Introduction Dubai is emerging as one of the most respected architectural sites in the world owing to its renowned structures and remarkable designs. However, it must be understood that the buildings represent more than just the physical; they have a cultural role as well. Architecture in Dubai is an affirmation of its distinct multicultural composition but in the wake of all this modernization, its inhabitants have sought to maintain their cultural heritage. Through this analysis, it shall be seen how certain buildings in Dubai are indicative of; the need to have a sense of belonging, a reaction to the changes in the society and an attempt to maintain pride and national identity. Depictions of cultural heritage in Dubai’s architecture Ancient architecture has been merged seamlessly with modern designs in this City. In Shindagha district, one will find the oldest building in the history of Dubai known as the Al Fahidi Fort. This building dates backed to the eighteenth century since it was built in 1799. The emirates’ administrators realized the importance of such a historical building so they placed it under the guardianship of the Dubai Museum. The latter group would ensure that the Fort remained well maintained and visible. In this same district, one can also find wind towers which are unique structures that resemble typical towers but are shorter in length. Those were traditional buildings that were used by inhabitants decades ago. Perhaps the most outstanding component of architecture in this area is the former Sheikh Saeed’s home (Sambige, 2009). This building underwent major renovations and has even been transformed into a cultural centre as it is a museum. In it, one will find a lot of information about the history of Dubai and the manner in which its people lived in the past. Even the physical appearance of the building is indicative of the UAE’s cultural heritage. It is shaped in the form of dhow. Previously, most inhabitants used dhows for trading since this was a major form of transport at that time. The practice is still prevalent today as many creeks still possess the iconic dhow. One can find more of these traditions in another district called Bastakiya. The area is flooded with hotels and galleries that have been built using Islamic imprints. Although these are modern designs, they were inspired by Dubai’s rich history. The same idea can be found in the Palm Islands. These are artificial coastlines that were inspired by the Palm tree which has traditionally been a source of food, trade and much more to the inhabitants of this Emirate. Many hotels have been built using modern designs but are surrounded by traditional forms in
Introduction The issues related with crime evaluation have for a long time blamed the victims for the crimes perpetrated against them. Greater efforts and resources were focused on the criminal offenders, for instance through rehabilitation, while the victims languished in blame. Consequently, developments have enhanced the change of thought in relation to the concept of victim through the creation of support mechanisms. The dynamic change from the researches on victim characteristics shifted to the development of victim assisted programs, problem solving courts and responsive justice. The aim of crime evaluation and police departments is to guarantee safety for the people living in the neighborhoods. Concept of Victim The victim concept dates back in history to the earlier years when it was related to the concept of sacrifice. The foundation of victiminology in the 1940s described victims as the instigators of their own personal victimizations. Victiminology explored the victim’s characteristics and tried to gain an explanation of how they contributed to their victimization (Ziegenhagen, 2007). The 1960s saw the coming back of the golden age where victims had well-recognized rights and systems to help them. The victim concept thus went beyond the implications of an injured party’s existence or the elusion of compassion from other people. Ziegenhagen (2007) argues that victims are targets for victimization by the professional criminals. They are also information sources to the police, and cause of their victimization to the people. For example victims of crimes such as robbery or gang violence are likely to be blamed for the crime. Despite the complexity of the concept, research has identified the risk factors of victims and the establishment of victim assisted programs to counsel, compensate and help victims overcome the effects of victimization (Newmark, Smith, Bonderman & Liner, 2003). History & Significance of VAPS The VAPS begun as a response by organizations that worked with criminal offenders in the 1960s. It was noted that the corrective measures put in place did not provide mechanisms that allowed offenders to take responsibility for their actions. Instead, focus was on what the society had done to the offenders that caused them to act with no public or victim concern. VAPS begun as advocates for the victims in early 1972. The program initiators addressed welfare forums and offered victim services by 1976. The program was founded on grounds of social sciences and welfare with the establishment of victim rights, policies and programs. Research was encouraged especially in the area of risk factors surrounding the victim. The main role of VAPs is to help victims of crime by offering services such as counseling, compensation, reassurance and other pra
Introduction Nations all over the world strive to achieve stable economies through legislation of various policies. They do so in the attempt to woe investors to participate in activities that will develop and expand their operations. There is no country in the world that can exist without relying on foreign investors and foreign trading activities (Ilmanen, 2011, 33). This is due to the disparities in nature and amount of endowments in these countries. Exchange rate is an essential financial aspect that determines the level of a country’s participation in international trade. There are several factors that nations undertake which determine their exchange rates as evident in this essay. Definition Exchange rate is the value at which the currency of a country measures against the currencies of other countries. All countries in the word have exchange rates they use to determine the value of goods from other countries (Sarno and Taylor 2003, 11). This rate enables traders to know the value of their goods in the international market. How States Influence Exchange Rates Even though, a nation does not have an absolute right of deciding or fixing the rate at which its currency exchanges with those of other countries, there are some extents to which a state can determine these rates. These are steps a nation takes to ensure the exchange rate favours both local and foreign trading activities. Therefore, importation and exportation of goods and services ensures consumers and traders get a fair deal for their money and investments respectively. Political Stability Peace is an indispensable factor that promotes trading activities all over the world. Nations that strive to maintain peace within and outside their boundaries enjoy an influx of investors. This means that not only their investments are secure but also their lives are saved. No one will ever wish to invest in a war prone country regardless of the profits the investor will get. However, countries that encounter civil strife discourage investors (Weither, 2006, 20). Their goods and services do not attract international demand; as a result, their value depreciates. Therefore, the more a government strives to maintain peace within and outside its territories, the higher the chances of enjoying favourable exchange rates. Growth Potential Investors are usually looking for countries that offer potentials of economic growth. Nations coming out of prolonged civil conflicts due to poor governance, those that have unexploited resources and those that open their boundaries to foreign trade, attract investors (Jha, 2011, 47). Some African countries are enjoying favourable exchange rates as a result of restructuring their government systems and assuming responsible leadership. They have demand for modern technology, expertise and investments. This demand makes their currencies fetch high prices in the international market. Therefore, their exchange rates compete effectively with other currencies. The more a count
American land used to be constantly invaded by Spaniards and Portuguese; however, eventually, Spain finally conquered America. Consequently, such an important chronological event led to numerous alterations to American life. To be more exact, the conquest influenced politics, economy, culture, and even the nation’s religion. Overall, the colonizations yielded fruitful benefits not only to the Spanish people, considering that the territory’s residents thrived with new changes as well. To begin with, the colonization of Latin America brought Spain great recognition around the world. Furthermore, they controlled the land and had access to the countries’ resources and wealth. Another critical point is that Spain thrived due to new foods and dishes’ appearance with the help of Spaniard-controlled trade. However, the locals were still not pleased with the invasion and struggled with Spanish political plans considerably. Europeans who came to the new Spanish colony were highly valued and could impact Americans by alternating crucial aspects of their lives. Naturally, the Portuguese and Spanish desired to establish their authority and become genuinely wealthy. Nevertheless, the Crown of Castile was focused on administrating Spanish and reducing their control over the territory, “it had named officials to oversee its political and financial interests, provide justice to settlers and natives” (Burkholder et al., 2018, p. 56). In addition, the Crown sought to protects its residents and the national accomplishments and values, so they decided to “supervise the allocation of resources—primarily native labor, land, mines, and offices” (Burkholder et al., 2018, p. 56). Spanish wanted to create a democratic government; however, the local opposition resulted in a completely different outcome (Burkholder et al., 2018). To be more particular, the society became undemocratic, and it included members of distinct races. Consequently, the community was focused not on the government of law but a government by an individual (Burkholder et al., 2018). By and whole, the political organizations organized by the Spanish were established by individual leaders. As for the economy, Spain and America had a great exchange in the products and animals. For instance, the Spanish brought to the land various fruits, vegetables, spices, rice, and even “oats, rye, lentils, and hemp” (Burkholder et al., 2018, p. 52). In addition, Europeans introduced to Americans different types of plants, such as indigo, cacao, and tobacco. As a matter of fact, newly-introduced products had more succes
Abstract The research proposal will determine the major difficulties students face in an English-based curriculum as English Language Learners (ELL) or English First Learners (EFL). The research will come up with an understanding of grammar topics that are the most challenging things for these students. A total of 60 participants, all EFL students, are to be interviewed for purposes of proving or disproving the hypothesis by use of a questionnaire. Grammar and pronouncing are expected to be the major problem areas for the students who are not native speakers. Instilling communicative competence and creating awareness of grammar rules is the best option to solve the said difficulties. Purpose Statement and Rationale The research proposal will determine some of the major difficulties that English Language Learners (ELL) or English First Learners (EFL) students face in English-based curricula (Janzen, 2008). The proposed research works as error analysis and will identify some common problem areas. This is the rationale behind the purpose and hypothesis of the study. The research will affect researchers, teachers, and curriculum designers. This will play a vital role in determining the methods for imparting the required English language and communication skills (Abedi & Herman, 2010). Three topics will be used in the research study. The first is the use of English tenses and challenges for English language learners. The second topic that will also be highlighted is the use of everyday words and challenges arising from the real-life application of the English language for English language learners. Last but not least, the third topic will be the impact of proficiency in the English language on future careers. Statement of Qualification English is a second language for me. So, I have a better understanding of the challenges that ELLs face. Additionally, I am a Computer Engineering student currently undertaking my degree. Introduction ELL students frequently face some difficulties in various classes, especially those that heavily depend on proficiency in the English language. It is important to note that teachers who work with ELL students can be unqualified to perform such duties (Abedi & Herman, 2010). The term ELL is used to describe students who are non-native English speakers and are learning English and may or may not participate in supporting programs. Furthermore, some ELLs can represent ethnic minorities, and due to their problems with the language are appointed to low-ability classes. If teachers are trained correctly and educated about the importance of feedback, the performance of students may also increase (Alghazo, Bani Abdelrahman, & Abu Qbeitah, 2009). The importance of the topic is in its usefulness both to teachers who work with ELLs and ELLs themselves. If teachers understand the importance of feedback, active engagement, and difficulties that ELLs face during lessons, there is a chance that students will be able to understand how their performance can be improved with the teacher’s support. For me, it was interesting to understand what factors contribute to the underperformance of ELLs (