ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary The herd behavior is common in developed and emerging economies. However, herd behavior is more pronounced in emerging economies because of the lack of reliable information regarding the market. There are so many uncertainties involved that investors are wary of the way they interpret information. As a result, they rely on the recommendation of experts and at the same time monitor the activities of other investors. Afterward, they make rational and irrational decisions based on the actions of others. They disregard the results of their own research efforts and rely on the fact that a greater number of investors did the same thing and therefore conformity to a certain group action can provide assurance of sound investment. Herd behavior may be a common phenomenon in financial markets but it can be argued that the negative effect can easily destabilize an emerging economy. It is therefore important to put up measures to mitigate the impact of herd behavior. There is a need for transparency in governments. Investors must be assured that economic data coming from the government were never manipulated to paint a rosy picture of the economic climate. At the same time, trading barriers must be in place in order to automatically shut off trading activities if the presence of herd behavior is detected. Introduction The stock market will never be free from herd behavior which is the tendency of investors to follow the impulsive buying and selling of others (Wang, 2008, p.1). This is an instinctive behavior common in many organisms. It is based on the idea that there is strength in numbers (Lao & Singh, 2010, p.2). Thus, it is a common tendency in every market that deals in stocks, regardless if the said market is located in France, Germany, China, India, the United Kingdom or the United States. Herding is evident in developed financial markets as well as in those in the emerging financial markets. However, it can be argued that herd behavior is more pronounced in emerging markets as compared to the more developed markets of highly industrialized regions found in the West. The herd behavior observed in emerging markets follows the same cause and effect patterns. Nevertheless, there are major differences. One of the often highlighted causes of herd behavior in emerging markets is the absence of reliable data that are needed to make accurate predictions regarding the growth and decline of a particular company. There is also a pronounced absence of data with regards to the overall behavior of the emerging market making it difficult to figure out cycles of robust growth and sharp corrections in the said market. A closer examination of the Vietnamese Stock Index from its date of establishment in 2002 until 2008 revealed that there are significant fluctuations (see Fig.1). The fluctuations can be linked to uncertainty in emerging markets such as in Vietnam. Fig. 1: The development of the Vietnamese Stock Index from its date of establishment on 28 July 2002 until 8 May 2008 Information is the lifeblood of investing. Inves
The CIPD HR Profession Map is a comprehensive evaluation of how Human Resource functions give the greatest value to institutions. CIPD identifies what workers in Human Resource departments do and how committed they are to the attainment of success in their respective positions (Armstrong, 2012). CIPD also helps chart the progress of the careers of individuals. The map has three different modes of classifications-Bands Professional Areas and Behaviors. Bands are broken into four stages, Professional Areas into ten and behaviors into eight groups (Armstrong, 2012). The four bands describe the contribution that the professionals in HR departments make in the fostering of proper relations with clients in consideration of where the financial resources and time are directed (Whiting, Martin & Jackson, 2010). The professional areas are: Insights, strategy and solutions, Leading HR, Organizational design, Organization development, Resourcing and talent planning, Learning and talent development, Performance and reward, Employee engagement, Employee relations and Service delivery and information (Whiting, Martin & Jackson, 2010). The categories of behaviors include: Curious, Decisive Thinker, Skilled influencer, Driven to deliver, Collaborative, Personally credible and Role model (Whiting, Martin & Jackson, 2010). An assessment of
In the classroom, there are many factors that influence the motivation of both the teachers and the students. These factors can either be external or internal. Internal factors are mainly the characteristics for each person such as the capability, interests and the responsibilities. External factors include practises in the school that may either prevent or influence motivation. Examples of external factors are characteristics of the classrooms, instructional methods used and the peer groups. In the EFL and ESL classes, motivation has been a major problem. It is one of the essential factors for both the students and the teacher since most of the students have a very low motivation in learning English while others think that English may not be very useful in their future. EFL and ESL students are well motivated by pairing them so that they can work in groups. This is more successful to both the teacher and the students because language is better learned through communication that takes place among the students. This type of teamwork and cooperation is very beneficial since learners assist each other in various tasks (Little Wood 45). Secondly, a slight change in the seating arrangement for the students results to their satisfaction and may also determine the success or failure of that lesson. In addition to that, the number of the students in a class may also motivate or discourage the teacher. For instance, an average class motivates the teacher since it is more manageable as compared to a large class. Moreover, during error correction, the teacher should do it in way that the student will not feel hurt or humiliated. The teacher gets motivated after correcting the student in the right way since most of the students participate during the lesson. This is very important for the ESL and EFL classes because there is a lot of debate and discussions. An example of a quotation that motivates the teacher is, “a teacher who is attempting to teach, without inspiring the pupil with a desire to learn, is hammering on a cold iron” (Mann 213). Students also get motivated when they are corrected in the right manner. The teacher gets motivated when he is using an audio or visual material such as a video or a computer during the lesson because explaining becomes much easier and students tend to concentrate and understand better. The students also get motivated because the lesson b
The study under analysis called Comparison of Telephone with World Wide Web-Based Responses by Parents and Teens to a Follow-Up Survey after Injury explores sociodemographic factors concerning completion of a follow-up survey through online communications and by telephone to define health status and health quality (Rivara et al., 2011). According to the results, information received solely from the World Wide Web provides biases and ambiguities, which means that data should be collected by various means to increase its reliability and validity. It is important for a research to be ethically approved which means that all researchers should have the permission for conducting different observations and surveys (Purdue Online Writing Lab, 2011). Most importantly, the participants should also be informed whether the interview responses will be anonymous or not. In the given study, the researchers have mentioned that all the procedures were controlled by the human subject committees. Hence, parents and children were contacted by a telephone call to inform about their admittance to a survey. However, one point of the research seems to be ethically wrong because parents and children were given monetary rewards for taking part into a survey, which means that researcher intended to get an easy access to results. However, the survey results have turned out to be objective. Overall, the course of research has been presented in a consistent way. The scholars have successfully presented all the procedures and results. Their findings are based on objective data received from the identified sources. The statistical data has also been processed accordingly. The initial information and justification of the research has also been sufficiently presented. Overall, the hypothesis and accompanied evidence relate to the discussed topic. The research conforms to the highest ethical and academic standards. 1 st Interactive Response Conny, your article analysis is quite exhaustive. You have successfully managed to define the basic hypothesis, as well as the one that has been rejected. The main idea of the article has also been defined. Further, ethical considerations are sufficiently exposed and many references have been made to valid resources to support your analysis. However, excess of direct quotes does not provide an impression of understanding the actual topic of the article. Next time, be more analytical and render the ideas in your own word to make sure that you are aware of the importance of the article. 2 nd Interactive Response Cherry, the chosen article provides an insight into important cultural and economic aspects. You have managed to provide an in-depth analysis of presented issues. The displayed results revealed a number of pitfalls concerning the quality of the conducted interviews. Specifically, understanding employed environment as well as employees’ needs, is essential for strengthening a favorable retention policy within an org
The media are key tools that shape ethics of modern society. Therefore, it is important to be aware of what kind of message a media bears in any of its issue. The phenomenon of homosexuality is a fairly common theme in our time. The theme of sexual orientation is widely and hotly debated in all mass media: in everyday news, TV shows, movies, books, magazines, radio and the Internet. Public attitude toward homosexuals is not equal. Although, many people believe that gays and lesbians do not differ much from other people in society, they still think that homosexuality is immoral. Different views on this issue generate different views on sexual minorities and stereotypes. People – consciously or unconsciously – learn a certain attitude towards homosexuals through the mass media. Thematic magazines, aimed at gay and lesbian audience, are usually issued by the gay and lesbian. That is why study of these periodicals is so important to understand their psychology. In the Western Europe and America there is a great deal of different magazines for gay men, and they also give different points of view on the gays. Thus, the magazines Out and Instinct create the impression that gay men are only interested in sex, style and money. Stereotypes, which are generated in such periodicals, create the impression that gays are concerned only about the satisfaction of sexual needs. On the other hand, there is another image of the gay men in some Western magazines. For example, Genre and The Advocate is more focused on common themes: career, culture, relationships, gadgets, health, travel, etc. Although, the target audience of Genre and The Advocate are gay men, these magazines are interesting also for heterosexuals. Through the Genre and The Advocate gays position themselves as intelligent people. All of these periodicals have the common theme, but they differ also in the points of view on the appearance of a gay man. For example, a famous American gay magazine BEAR is totally devoted to bears subculture. Gay culture of bears was born in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the U.S. (primarily California) as a response to traditional public stereotyping of homosexuals and showing them as effeminate men. “If most gay people felt isolated, shunned or in the closet in the 80’s, the masculine gay man was the shadow in the corner. For whatever reason, the style of shaven male bodies became the norm” (Wolfe 10). Many gays of United States did not want to correspond to these stereotypes. Such a social protest against womanliness was connected with the spread of fashion on fitness centers, bodybuilding and trends to increase of muscles with the
Introduction Bechtel Corporation is a construction giant. As such, it affects many towns and cities where it operates. Depending on the location, various stakeholders and interested parties may be or affected by the process. Identification and analysis of stakeholder groups the in construction industry is paramount. The corporation must understand their stakeholders, as well as their roles, needs, and interests. Without the involvement of key stakeholders, a construction venture will not be successful. The purpose of this paper is identifying key stakeholders of Bechtel Corporation, underlining their roles, and analyzing their potential in terms of power, influence, interest, and impact. Contractors The first stakeholder group is comprised of contractors. This includes the management team, supervisors, the finance team, architects, engineers, and various project managers. These stakeholders set the deadlines and provide guidance and control throughout the various stages of the project (Khosrowshahi & Arayici, 2012). In terms of power, influence, interest, and impact, these stakeholders have the highest potential and are essentially the driving force behind projects in Bechtel Corporation. These are internal stakeholders that fill the company’s roster and have a permanent presence within the company. Type of stockholder according to Salience Model: Dominant. Employees and Subcontractors This group of stakeholders involves Bechtel’s low-ranking employees and various subcontractors hired on a contract basis to provide specialized expert support to the project (Khosrowshahi & Arayici, 2012). These subcontractors include plumbers, electricians, machine operators, transportation subcontractors, construction workers and various other groups involved in the project. While these groups have only moderate-low amounts of authority within the organization due to the fact they have to follow the instruction of the contractors, their influence, interest, and impact values are high, as their work is vital to the project. Type of stockholder according to Salience Model: Definitive. Clients For Bechtel Corporation, clients are stakeholders that either employ the company’s construction services or purchase living or commercial space built and owned by the company (Khosrowshahi & Arayici, 2012). They are the primary source of income for the company, and as such, are very important. Depending on the type of clients, their levels of control over the project may vary. For example, clients that employ the services of Bechtel Corporation to build their own facilities are automatically moved to Contractors in terms of power, as they have the final say about the project’s timelines, scope and
There are many factors that influence a person’s life in his or her formative years, but parenting is the most important among them. It is the responsibility of parents to explain to their children what is right and what is wrong so that they can form their own opinion and develop a sense of self-worth. For example, when conflicts occur because of cultural differences, parents should discuss that every person can have his or her own background, religion, and any other cultural details. Despite differences, it is critical to respect each other, which would minimize conflicts. Empathy is the key quality that should be cultivated by parents to shape their child’s emotional world and the sense of self-importance. To help their children feel better, some parents can use lie and justify their actions, seeing them as the only solution. In “White Lies” by Erin Murphy, Connie faced bullying from her classmates for being different. To protect herself, she told them that her father working at the candy factory can provide them with various sweets. In fact, “Her mother was filling a cardboard box. And Connie, bathed in unflinching fluorescence, was curved over her notebook making small, careful check marks” (Murphy, n.d.). By writing this quote, the author appeals to the reader’s emotions and as if asks the question of whether the example of Connie’s mother is correct or not. It seems that she is not guilty since there was no other opportunity to help her daughter feel self-confidence and address school bullying. Namely, Murphy stresses that classmates were lacking cultural awareness, while the teacher was absolutely ignorant to relationships in the classroom. It is evident that Connie’s relationships with classmates improved, but the long-term benefits include achieving emotional stability, reducing her anxiety, and developing healthy self-esteem. It is not possible to recommend all parents to imitate this example since every situation should be considered individually. Nevertheless, it can serve as one of the ways by which parents can practice empathy and support their children. Another example of parental empathy is inviting children to play team games. In a class, where African-American, Hispanic, and Chinese students learn together, conflicts seem to be unavoidable. Some students can be mocked, others can gather in groups to look stronger for those who are different from them. In cooperation with teachers, parents can show children that they can strive for a common goal during games that can be organized in schools or during leisure time. They would become more receptive to the feelings of different people and expand their social sphere, which is favorable for self-confidence development. Team games foster a child’s social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development and give a lot of empathic experiences. By playing in a team, children learn to fi
Lineages and charitable work have played an important role in Chinese history. According to old feudalistic traditions, young people could marry based on lineages and heredity only. They held the belief that enemies and lovers were destined to meet; therefore, they searched for the signs. Lineages and different amulets were these signs, not love or affection. Chinese society was highly stratified and there was a huge gap between poor and rich societal levels. Poor people worked hard to earn for living; rich masters exploited them. At the same time, charitable work was very common and poor people could ask for financial assistance. As Cao Xueqin noted in a book “The story of the Stone”, the traditional lineage and order of subordination was held even among the servants and the maids. For example, servants were rewarded in accordance to their rank within the house. Ministers were expected to die for emperor, civil officials learned by heart parts of the books to impress the government representatives; the whole system of rank was focused on winning reputation in society. Interestingly, inheritance was not related to lineage. A lineal descendant had the same right of inheritance as a son of concubine. Even though lineal descendants were expected to be more respected than sons of concubines, but there was no distinction in rank or social standing between the two. Lineage was not a determinant of social position; moreover, patriarchal and feudal traditions stressed the importance of personal fortune, desire and ability to preserve traditions, to become worthy of inheritance. Nevertheless, the corruption in the upper circles of society diminished the concept of “worth”. For example, a wife of Chia Jung bought a position for her husband in the Imperial Guard as an officer of the fifth rank. He did nothing to be promoted to such a position; however, it was possible to buy it. Pay-yu, for example, was the son of a concubine, however, family members wanted to train him to be an honorable heir for their family able to maintain the order of feudal system. Cao Xueqin points out to faults of feudal system of lineage. He provides a thorough description of model school initially intended for children from aristocratic families. However, the high level of corruption destroyed the status of school because students of all social levels were enrolled. Nevertheless, the lineage did not play any role in interpersonal relations such as friendship. Chin Chung was a son of poor scholar, but Pao-yu, a member of rich family, found many common interests with him and even regretted being born in a wealthy family. However, poor families did not enjoy the same benefits as rich families and the difference was directly dependant on lineage and ancestry. For example, officials protected interests of aristocratic families and allowed them to do what they wanted to do even if their actions were in violation with t
The financial analysis of a budget is examined to address its reality and possible achievements. Various tools, including profitability ratios, debt to equity ratios, current ratios, and inventory turnover measurement tools, are used to assess a budget plan in organizational setups. The techniques apply equally across industries and companies, including the medical and hospital sections. Additionally, the liquidity and efficiency ratio will also be applied as a comparative analysis ratio to inform the relevance of technical and financial forecast planning. Based on these facts, the Hospital Authority of Clinch County’s annual monetary report is established to have a developed structure of comparison based on the statements of 2018 and 2019. Budget forecasts are generated based on former annual comprehensive reports, cash flow, and financial position statement accounts. Therefore, this paper will analyze the 2018 financial results of Clinch Hospital by applying financial approaches. The year 2018 results for Clinch’s hospital financial performance provide the ground for possible budgeting of 2019 financial results. In this case, the year 2018 income statements’ profit margin ratio involves a percentage rate of 24% ( Hospital Authority of Clinch County , 2019). The recognized percentage is considered a good key performance indicator for the business to increase its income budget for 2019. However, the EBITDA margin ratio is 0.801, a situation that limits the budget expansion scale on the profitability side. In this case, a company comprehends its position in either increasing or stagnating its subsequent budget forecasts as the best ratio of the mentioned profitability ratio is one and above. Hence, in this particular scenario, the profit margin may indicate a positive performance and an increment of revenue targets in the subsequent forecasts. Nonetheless, the results of EBTIDA inhibit the whole idea of upscaling the revenues. Moreover, the 2018 figures in the financial position statement indicate the 2019 budgetary plans of Clinch hospital. In this view, the variance between the payable accounts of 2018 and 2019 informs about a lack of forecast control on financial spending and a flawed analysis of the accounts payable turnover ratio. The ratio examines the possibility of a company addressing its short-term suppliers and payments. In Clinch’s hospital case, the cost of sales will be considered as 9,591,000 USD as it is a service delivery company and not an inventory and product organization. Therefore, its ratio’s percentage expression of 25.44% is a good indicator for the year 2018. Nonetheless, it is not applicable for 2019 as the cost of sales and the payables for the year 2019 were also subject to reform. For instance, 2019 recorded 1,080,000 USD for the trade period against a possible of 377,000 USD for 2018 ( Hospital Authority of Clinch County , 2019). In this scene, it is clear that the forecast required more than enough financial planning for a firm budget for the year 2019 from the analysis of 2018. Moreover, basing the 2019 results on the budget estimates