ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The 4 C’s Model is a useful tool to assess the actual and emerging trends and can help in determining the extent to which an industry is moving (or has moved) towards globalisation or localisation. Here we do an analysis using the 4 C’s model. The model deals with the four C’s i.e. customers, competitors, capacity and cost. We analyse the model keeping in mind that the target country that we have decided to enter is Chile. Customers: This deals with questions that answer what do the customers want and need, how will you satisfy those needs, what is most important to the customers, and how much will they pay for it. First, to answer what the customers need we see that fro toothpastes customers have various requirements, such as, depending on demographics, customers may want economic offerings, families with children often focus on decay prevention; young singles are typically more interested in whiteness; those in middle age are concerned with tartar and gingivitis; and children find taste of the toothpaste to be a primary feature. So, need varies. If we consider the Latin American market, the maximum demand for toothpaste is in Brazil, then Mexico and then Argentina. Those needs may be satisfied by offering different SKUs for different toothpastes. As Allsmile is a new entrant in the Latin American market, hence, they will initially focus on selling four SKUs as they have traditionally done in other international markets so that they can attain standardization in the company’s globalization process. The most important factor for customers purchasing toothpaste in Latin America is which is economy and brand. Prices will depend on the prices of the competition, and present cost structure of per unit cost. They will pay a price of $2.64. Competition: In case of analysing the company’s competition, we first have to answer the question what are the competitors doing. Well they already have entered the Latin American market and have some of them have over 20 percent market share in some countries like Brazil and Argentina. The strengths of the competitors are that they are early entrants in the market and have already established themselves. Competitors like Caremore, Driscol, and B & B have a substantial market share in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. In Chile the competitors that are present are only B&B and other local and regional players. Capacity: Here we analyse the company’s strengths and weaknesses in terms of their financial, organizational, production and marketing capacity. Allsmile is a strong brand with an international market share of 13 percent. It has a new organization structure which supports its status as a global company. It has product based divisions. Each division are responsible to look after their product category internationally. Production may be done either in the US or in the country wher
Rationale The utilization of probability concepts is a manner of articulating knowledge or conviction that an incident will happen or has taken place (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams, Camm, & Cochran, 2013). Such concepts have been offered a precise mathematical significance in the probability theory, which is employed broadly in fields such as statistics, management, mathematics, and science to present determinations regarding the possibility of likely occurrences and the fundamental mechanics of intricate schemes. Types of Probability There are four kinds of probability. No type of probability is incorrect though some are deemed more practical when judged against the others (Chen, Geng, & Zhi-Ming, 2011). The first type is the classical probability, which attributes probabilities in the lack of any substantiation, or in the existence of a symmetrically reasonable proof. The classical theory of probability relates to similarly likely occurrences, which are referred to as equipossible. The second type of probability is the logical probability, which maintains the notion of the classical understanding that possibilities could be established theoretically through an assessment of the extent of options. The third type is the subjective probability, which is founded on a person’s decision regarding the likelihood of the occurrence of a given result. Subjective probability holds no official computations and just reveals the perspectives of the subject and past encounters. The fourth type is the physical probability, which is also referred to as the objective probability; it is related to random physical structures, for instance, wheels. In such structures, a specific kind of occurrence has a tendency of happening at an unrelenting speed, or relative occurrence, in a lengthy run of attempts. This kind of probability either elucidates, or is called upon to enlighten, the stable rates of occurrence (Jiang, Pei, Tao, & Lin, 2013). On this note, the application of physical probability is just sensible when handling well identified random trials. Probability Distributions The effectiveness of probability theory occurs in the comprehension of probability distributions (also referred to as probability functions) (Devore, 2015). Probability distributions portray or depict probabilities for every achievable incidence of a random variable. There are a couple of probability distributions, which encompass the discrete distributions or continuous distributions. Discrete probability distributions express a fixed set of achievable incidences, for distinct count data. For instance, the number of triumphant business undertakings out of 2 is distinct since the chance variable signifies the level of the activities that succeeded, which could only be 0, 1, or 2. On the other hand, continuous probability distributions define an unbroken range of likely incidences. For instance, the adequate capital for a given business could be anything from about 500 dollars to over a million dollars. In this regard, the random variable of adequate capital is continuous, with an unlimited number of possible values between any two amounts (Eisinga, Breitling, & Heskes, 2013). There ar
Introduction: Real Estate Marketing and Its Importance Marketing for the real estate Contemporary society is a well-organized group of people with some needs and ways of reaching certain goals. It is natural that some individuals are more informed about the benefits of certain sectors and devices than others. In this respect, information plays one of the major roles in the process of shaping a person’s database in terms of information available from the media and other people reached, approached and used in various ways. Real estate is one of the components of a contemporary person’s life. This sector has its features as well as all other business areas including production of goods and entertaining services. Marketing is important for the real estate business due to sellers and buyers, and intermediaries that help some transactions made via brokers and specific agencies. Advertising as the most recognizable aspect of marketing Advertising is one of the most recognizable aspects of marketing which can be used in the sector of real estate. Moreover, this area empowers real estate agents to facilitate the transactions, promote their personal image of independent agents or of their companies, develop their networks related to other professionals from this area. In other words, advertising is a way to inform buyers and sellers about the goods to be sold or purchased, about yourself, and the quality of services provided by you/the company you work for. Why People Buy Real Estate: What a Client Wants Buyers and sellers While talking about the real estate business, you should remember that there is more than one party concerned and your job is to show yourself. The advertising involves all parties that are interested into the sector of real estate marketing because sellers need to sell whereas buyers need to buy and a link is the advertising as it provides sellers with an opportunity to attract more clients that are able to pay as much as the real estate costs and the buyers can learn about some appealing options to consider. As suggested by Lipman, “You may want to use the classified sections for recruitment purposes and to increase listings, the lifeblood of the real estate business” (15). Thus, the author offers several options why people read classified sections of various newspapers and how real estate agents can use this information and benefit from exploring the ways of influencing people’s tastes and decisions. An agent, irrespectively of the independent activity or work in a company with other professionals, should seek for a more effective performance. So, it is necessary to learn habits and features of sellers and buyers. In addition, you have to learn the reasons for buying real estate (for instance, change in lifestyle or other possible events) and address those categories of people having the information that they can be searching for real estate due to a particular reason (Lipman 23). Besides, the real estate business requires large portions of information to be processed because an individual that possesses some helpful data can use it and enjoy the results of a transaction. Real
The statistics on International Students in Victoria According to the Victorian government (2008) statistics, the enrolment rate of international students has been on the rise since 2002 to present. The Victorian trends indicate that 74,433 overseas students were enrolled in 2002 alone. This represented 27 percent of the total share of students enrolled in Australian universities. In 2004, the figures had gone up to 89,565, marking a 1percent increase in terms of the overall student share in Australia. This percentage increase remained the same by 2006 although the enrolment rate had topped 106,476 international students. Between 2002 and 2007, the growth in terms of overseas student enrolment had reached 59,021 compared to 26,978 growths recorded in 2006 and 2007 (Victorian government, 2008). It is imperative to note that the year 2007 was very significant because it recorded almost half of international student enrolment growth realised since 2002. Additionally, 42 percent of foreign students in Victoria were admitted in higher learning (Australian Government, 2010). These students account for 30 percent of all the enrolment into higher education in Victoria. Furthermore, the Vocational Education and Training also witnessed about 30 percent of foreign students being enrolled. This included admissions both in the public and private sector. Those students who were enrolled to undertake courses on English language were 24,219. Similarly, the same number of international students taking on holiday working visas took the same course (Australian Government, 2010). In 2007, a total of 8,045 overseas students were admitted and pursued their learning in Victoria. The private schools accommodated 4,854 of these international students while the public schools absorbed the remaining number which was 40 percent. In the same year, students from 187 nationalities undertook their studies in Victoria. Out of these countries, India has the largest enrolment ratio with a total of 33,953 students representing 25 percent of the overall enrolment in Victoria while over the last half a decade, Pakistan has increased its enrolment of international students in Victoria by three times. The problems faced by International Students Security There has been a considerable degree of examination into the safety of foreign students within all the areas of jurisdiction in Victoria (State Government of Victoria 2010). There have been a lot of deliberations on the security needs of international students following grisly events which have occurred in the recent past. For instance, in 2005, an international student passed away in ACT. Three years earlier in 2002, there were horrible gun firing incidents which took place at Monash University. This triggered the attention of stakeholders in education key among them the government and student unions. As these occurrences when gaining momentum in the face of insecure international students, the media also added its voice by highlig
Introduction The issue of equality is now of great importance across the globe. The governmental bodies of the US and European countries are trying to establish social justice on all the levels. Nowadays, it concerns not only religious and racial aspects but also any human element such as gender and ethnical identity. Speaking of the US, the Census serves as one of the major legal documents in terms of equality on the governmental level. The categories defined there are automatically the ones that should be indisputably respected by the community. Since the US Independence, Census has undergone some drastic changes concerning its categories. The next year will be another milestone for the Census update, so researchers are now considering the modifications that might be applied in 2020. The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the first Census created in 1790 and the latest one dated the year 2010 as well as to introduce its possible future modifications. What the Census Might Have Called Me Being a Dominican Hispanic female born and raised in the US, I cannot fully categorize myself according to the US Census. The 1790 Census would have categorized me as a white free female, while according to the latest one, I am defined as a white person of another Hispanic origin (“What Census calls us: A historical timeline,” 2015). Even though the 2010 Census is, by all means, more comprehensive, people of Hispanic origin should be recognized more in terms of ethnic groups as they constitute an impressive percentage of the population. Social Constructs The US is now regarded as the center of ethnic and religious diversity. Many people who come to the US no longer feel much pressure because of their skin color, religion, or gender identity. The question of tolerance towards all the social groups is now one of the most crucial among the state citizens. However, the country has made a long way to become as open as we know it today. One of the most vivid pieces of evidence is the Census categories used for the first time in 1790 (“What Census calls us: A historical timeline,” 2015). Those categories included gender, racial, and freedom differentiation. In today’s world, any of these categorizations are reasonably considered offensive and inappropriate. Every ten years, with the appearance of the new Census, some minor modifications were introduced as well. The major changes appeared with the end of slavery in the 19th century and the introduction of ethnical Census categories (Schor, 2017). The latest Census created in 2010 has alre
Introduction Have you noticed the world around us has changed in terms of information dissemination? Information about any topic in the world can be had with the click of a mouse. Most of the time, the news and information aren’t only in the English language anymore. These days, you can get your news in French, Spanish, Japanese… the choice of news language is endless. This is why I have always believed that learning languages are the key to be able to access a wealth of information about the world. This is because different countries learn different things about the world we move in, but since we do not speak other languages, we are hindered from accessing that information. I also know that by traveling, I will be able to learn more about the world around me, or a world, in particular, that is of interest to me. Having a keen interest in everything French, I decided to study French for a travel class. I knew that if I ever found myself in France, I would be able to understand the world as the French saw it because I could understand what they were saying. I would say that learning French is a marked improvement for me because I never thought that I could become a multilingual person. Learning French and further possibilities Armed with the knowledge of the French language and history, I fully intend to travel to France one day. Hence all the time that I spent learning everything that I could about French culture, their language, including any facts and trivia about France that I could get my hands on. I fully intend to make my future trip to France wanted to make sure that I was well armed just in case I had to live in Europe and would have to communicate with the Frenchmen regularly. I bel
Good working relationships have a high impact on the productivity of a team. The professional attitude of staff includes the understanding of basic concepts of cooperating and interaction. Interdependency is the main principle, which is the foundation of any community. However, the development of working relationships needs to be controlled as that might lead to irreconcilable conflicts. The theory of conflict management offers a variety of approaches, applying which require much experience and many skills. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the implementation of the conflict management concepts and to analyze this process along with the outcomes. The example of a conflict situation from a classroom is described to demonstrate existing management techniques. The class was divided into groups each of which was given a task. The result of this work should have been presented as a report. Each team had to separate duties. Also, students needed to determine the form and the length of the report. However, this task provoked a heated argument among students as it was difficult to equally distribute responsibilities. In addition, each member had their own perception of the outline and length of the report. This disagreement turned into a destructive conflict. The anti-social behavior of some students caused this situation, but the lack of assertiveness among the team members made it worse. After observing this debate, and when it got to the point of total confusion, the teacher intervened in the process. Students were offered to start an “open-minded discussion” (Tjosvold, Wong, & Feng Chen, 2014, p. 545). An open-minded discussion is a dispute in which its parties demonstrate views without disruption and pressure from other members and listen to opponents’ opinions evaluating strengths and weaknesses (Tjosvold et al., 2014). The teacher showed that the conflict blocked the effective development of collaboration. Hence, altering the approach was necessary to obtain positive results. The significance of this step lies in the fact that all ideas, which have the underlying reasoning, should be incorporated in the ongoing work to find the most effective solutions. Students were explained that this measure improves the interaction. This method was used to change the course of the argument and turn it from a destructive into constructive conflict. A constructive conflict positively benefits participants (Tjosvold et al., 2014). In this case, the teacher did not take the role of a leader guiding his subordinates. Instead of being subjected to manipulation, students got the opportunity to study a specific technique, which leads to better outcomes and increases the effectiveness of collaboration. Holding an open-minded discussion requires certain skills from participants. There are distinguishing features characterizing disputes of this kind. First, it is highly important to express opinions clearly and freely to let other parties fully understand the ideas and intentions present
Introduction To a layman, determining the flow rates of fluids is almost impossible. However, to a physicist this study, which employs simple equipment, is less intricate. Ideally, these devices explore the Bernoulli’s principle as regards pressure differences to determine the volumetric flow rates of fluids. These devices include the venturi meter, orifice plate, nozzle and a pitot tube among others. In this report, though, we employ these devices to determine volumetric flow rates as well as the coefficient of discharge (C d ) of both the venturi tube and the orifice. Moreover, the velocity disparities across square ducting were determined together with the extent of yaw which could be tolerated in pressure readings (for a 1% error). Summary Both the venturi tube and the orifice plate explore the Bernoulli’s principle to determine volumetric flow rates of incompressible liquids. As such, a factor such as the appropriate positioning of the pitot tube is important. When such reading is taken, care ought to be taken to ensure that the maximum reading is recorded (usually at the central axis). This is the reason that a 5 by 5 velocity pressure reading was done across the planes of the tubes. As we move away from the central axis friction on the inner walls of the tubes decreases the velocity. Ideal results should give almost similar results for both venturi tube and orifice plate with respect to volumetric flow rates. However, we expect the venturi tube results (with a higher turndown usually 10:1) to be more accurate than orifice’s (turndown usually< 5:1). As such, with the venturi tube readings, we expect a bigger coefficient of discharge (C d ) (approaching 1) (Chrisafis, 2007). The orifice plate and venturi tube explore the basic principle of continuity which underscores the fact that the volumetric flow rate (Q) of a fluid is constant, remaining unaffected by the change in the cross-sectional area (A) or the velocity (v). This is expressed as: Making v 2 the subject matter: ………………………. (1) (Halliday & Robert, 1997) It should be noted that these devices obey the law of conservation of energy that is summarized as: (The element z occurs when the device is at an angle with the horizontal surface). For our case z is absent since the tubes are parallel and horizontal to the surface. It therefore follows that: ……………….……………………………………… (2) Replacing v 2 in equation (2) with equation (1) and making v 1 the subject formula we get: ……………………………………………………… (3) But; ……………………………………………………… (4) Therefore, replacing v 1 in equation (4) we get: And, Where C d represents the coefficient of discharge Results and calculation The air density Table 1: showing the data above was