ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
I believe that the concept of retributive justice is more realistic for the justice system as it dwells on the idea of crime as a malfunction in a governmentally-controlled human social system. Restorative justice concentrates on the community and relies on human prudence and reason which cannot always be sound in the modern society. The retributive justice implies that punishment is conducted by the state authorities in accordance with the suspect’s wrongdoing. Retributivism seems understandable and more appealing to the general public (Moore, 1997, p. 101). You cannot inflict any punishment on those who have done no wrong, but you also cannot severely punish someone who has done minimal damage. According to Hart (1968), retributivism provides a necessary condition for punishment, but the reasons to punish are determined by a detailed investigation and thorough considerations (p. 8). The general public rests easily when they think that the wrongdoers are treated the way they deserve. Retributivism sees them as responsible individuals who should have considered their victims’ rights and are entitled to censure if they fail to do so. Retributive system imposes an obligation of following the simple rule of mutual respect on everyone without exception. It basically justifies the statement that harsh treatment is equally deserved. This is why, to the general public, retribution as a concept may look morally dubious but reliable nonetheless (Bloom, 2013). There is also the argument about people lacking free will which is a complete opposite of the restorative approach and more close to the truth. Wrongdoers are treated as people with their own tendencies to malfunction and make mistakes. They are chastised and persecuted for their mistakes and are encouraged to correct them. Restorative justice is characterized by concentrating on the aftermath of the crime rather than dealing with the crime itself. It requires a high level of cooperation from the members of a community which not every society can provide. The positive sides of the restorative approach include the fact that all of the attempts and considerations are focused on the possible ways to prevent the crime from ever happening again and taking steps towards this objective. Restorativism also pursues the noble goal of uniting people by engaging them in the process of restoration after the crime. This approach is concentrating on transforming the community and improving interpersonal relationships between its members. The main values of restorative values are peaceful social life, mutual respect between people, solidarity, and active responsibility (Values n.d.). The problem with the restorative justice is that, in order for it to work properly, we need to reform our society accordingly. I suppose the retributive approach is more realistic in this case. It also treats victims as individuals with rights and responsibilities whose conditions are considered during the crime investigation process. It defines wrongdoing by the magnitu
Shakespeare is the most excellent writer in the English language, who has received universal recognition and is still read, studied, and staged worldwide. His works have been translated into all major languages, and his plays are performed more often than any other playwright’s. Shakespeare remains relevant today because his themes are timeless, and his faithful depiction of characters’ motives and emotions provides insights into human nature and behavior. In his plays, Shakespeare writes about life, love, and death, which are themes that will always be relevant to any human being. For example, in Romeo and Juliet, he tells “one of the truest, most selfless, and epic love stories ever created,” which has significantly influenced the western ideals of romance (Huls, 2016, p. 12). Love is portrayed as an overpowering force that supersedes all other emotions and values, which is the idea that has inspired many writers and poets and remains one of the main themes of popular culture. Shakespeare has a profound knowledge of human behavior and creates characters with whom readers can identify. In the preface to the 18th-century edition of Shakespeare’s plays, Samuel Johnson wrote that his characters “act and speak by the influence of those general passions and principles by which all minds are agitated” (Jonson, 2018, p. 4). Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lyre, Ophelia, Romeo, and Juliet are well-known all over the world because they represent the passions and patterns of human behavior that are familiar to everyone. Shakespeare remains omnipresent in culture, and his contribution to the understanding and poetical representation of human nature is invaluable. He wrote about themes that resonate with every human being, developed ideas that still dominate popular culture, and created characters that everyone can recognize. Without Shakespeare, the literature would not have been the same, and the knowledge of his works is required for anyone who wishes to understand the modern culture.
Introduction Fritz Lang took a great risk to create Metropolis during the political turmoil in Germany that led to the rise of Nazism under Adolf Hitler. Although the movie is recognized for its long and complicated plot, it remains a very interesting film that effectively raises important questions that remain relevant to date. This paper seeks to analyze the various aspects of this movie in relation to the architecture and allocation of public spaces in the movie, conflicts or social issues raised, and its cinematic elements. The tensions that exist between the worker and the elite have been there for centuries and Lang’s attempt to expound on this topic has been described as magical. Throughout the film, the workers are depicted as machines that the ruling simply exploit and overwork for their personal benefits. The movie sends a stern warning to ardent capitalist elites that workers are human beings and should be treated with dignity, lest they revolt. This movie, in my view, remains a masterpiece that depicts the true nature of the workers’ exploitation and is an old movie that comes to reality with the current employer-worker relationship. Architectural and allocation of public spaces in the Movie The general outlook of the city is that which has two different forms of life. For a movie set in 1927, the metropolis architectural plan is that in which the social amenities between the two social classes are separated. This is depicted by the fact that Freder is isolated from the harsh realities of the world outside. According to DeBartolo, “sheltered from the harsh realities of life, Freder may look like an adult, but he is really an innocent, overgrown child”. This statement may be translated that the location of public places for the poor is architecturally designed separately from those of the elites. A review of Metropolis reveals a city whose architectural landscape is characterized by rich neighborhoods located on the hillside and separate from the open fields separated from the comfort of the rich. Conflicts or social issues The city of Metropolis is driven by the elites who control most of the wealth and exploit the workers for their own benefit. The conflict of the class is one major theme in the film pitting the elites and their workers. In addition to this, this film seems to address the conflict between the haves and the have-nots and the role of technology in decreasing the standard of life it is actually meant to increase. The movie, therefore, depicts the social war between the workers and the B
Housing forms one of the basic needs in the whole world. Houses are necessary for the protection of people’s healthy. People are protected from direct scorching sun rays during the day and harm coldness due to wind at day and night hours. However, in the recent research data and information, it has been indicated that most people living within the country suffer from several ailments associated with extreme coldness. Further information has shown that many people living in the urban areas stay in the slums where the environmental conditions are worse than in the rural areas. Such places are prone to major risks of fire damages and floods during rainy seasons. Thousands of people have lost their properties within the last two years in our capital city. Report from others town shows comparable numbers. (Downs, 1977) Moreover, rural dwellers have been depicted to be living in non- permanent houses made of wall mud and grass thatched. To a larger extend, there are other persons with greater problems than this. A number of people have been found homeless. At night, they do their night dreams in the open air and in the morning they wake up to find no where to hide from the seething sun rays. (DiPasquale, 1995) Housing has now become a major problem within the country. This calls for the government and other organizations to address it. The costs of housing are very high right from the construction materials and labors. This has caused the poor citizens to go without decent housing. Rents have been hiked by house lord and some the inhabitants have been flush out of their rental rooms due to inability to pay their bills. So action should be taken to curb the above problem. (Ellickson, 1992) Reference Downs, A. (1977): Impact of housing policies on family-life in United State. DiPasquale, C. (1995): Metropolitan Growth and Residential Capitalization Rates: University of British. Ellickson, R. (1992). The untenable case for an unconditional right to shelter: Harvard.
Introduction Advances in IT have revolutionized the way business is conducted in many organizations. Producers and consumers can now access a variety of goods and services from anywhere in the world without the constraints of geographical locations or time zones( Leavilt, 2009). One Of the major legal issues stemming from application of Information and technology in business organizations is the concept of cloud computing. Cloud computing refers to the practice of storing data on information systems that are controlled by third parties using remote servers. The data can then be readily accessed using the internet. Before the advent of cloud computing, clients had to connect to multiple servers in their business organisation and they could only connect on each server separately. Cloud computing solved this problem by allowing all servers and applications within a network to be integrated and to function as a single-entity. It thus led to speed and more efficiency in the management of resources. Clod computing is offered through three major platforms: Iaas (Infrastructure as a service); SaaS (Software as a Service); and PaaS (Platform as a Service) (Ruiter, 2009). IaaS is the simplest and easiest since it allows connection of hardware through web interfaces. Paas provides a platform for users to develop and implement their own software and share it though web interfaces. Saas provides applications installed on a remote computer, which users can easily access. Business organizations can develop their own computer cloud services or hire CSPs (Cloud Service Providers) to do so. Cloud computing can thus be classified into four broad categories: Public clouds, hybrid clouds, Private internal clouds, and private external clouds. The security and privacy concerns experienced by clients of a business organization depend on the type of cloud computing technology being used. In public clouds, services are obtained through a CSP located outside e organization. The CSP hosts the hardware of different organizations. Therefore, an organization exerts very little control over the privacy of data. Private external clouds still rely on a CSP but the CSP hosts only the organization’s hardware therefore the security is a bit enhanced. For private internal clouds, the organization does not rely on a CSP and it manages information through a private data centre. In hybr
Introduction Defense mechanisms in psychology are patterns of behavior to protect the ego from the feelings of anxiety or guilt. Defense mechanisms, such as denial and repression, are major concerns in addiction treatment, as they can interfere in the process of rehabilitation or lead to unsuspected adverse effects. The present paper examines two defense mechanisms and provides suggestions to mitigate their consequences. Denial Denial is a behavior that blocks awareness of external events due to the inability to process the information. This defense mechanism can be explicitly observed when people lose one of their relatives or close friends. In the field of addiction, the mechanism poses a significant problem, as many patients refuse to admit that they have a problem with substances or behavior (Pickard 278). Addicts reject the idea of them having issues with their behavior or health because it would require them to cope with it. However, patients may be unable to do so, as they often feel emotionally powerless to act in response to the problem. Therefore, this defense mechanism represents a considerable difficulty in the field of addiction treatment. Overcoming denial is often the first step that therapists have to go through utilizing various strategies and interventions. The occurrence of the behavior can be often attributed to clients not choosing voluntarily to seek treatment (Pickard 285-286). Addictions serve a purpose in people’s lives, and it may appear challenging for psychiatrists to make a person believe that his or her purpose causes problems. According to Pickard, one of the possible ways to mitigate the consequences of this defense mechanism is through visualization of implications (293). Addicts are prone to self-deception; therefore, a constant reminder through posters, photographs, or slogans can in some cases improve the situation greatly (Pickard 293). In short, even though denial can interfere with addictions treatment, there are efficient strategies to mitigate its effects. Repression The repression defense mechanism is also a problem that can be encountered while treating addicts. This phenomenon is characterized by unconscious thought suppression to keep disturbing or threatening ideas from becoming conscious (Moss et al. 65-66). A single-parent child suppressing their thoughts about not having a father or a mother is a vivid example of repression. In addiction treatment, this phenomenon may pose critical problems, as patients, even not rejecting the fact that their behavior can cause them harm, may refuse to put enough effort into contemplating the thought (Moss et al. 66). This may result in counseling becoming ineffective, making a therapist put additional effort to overcome its effects. Repression may appear in any part of the treatment process due to the complexity of the matter. Most often, such behavior can be observed in the early stages of treatment, sometimes following the denial period (Moss et al. 67). The strategy introduced for denial can also have a positive effect on the treatment pro
Teeth’s whitening is a vital aspect of human health/hygiene and, therefore, numerous remedies to colored teeth have been introduced (Cas et a. e8-e11). Each remedy purports to be the most effective necessitating the need to carry out studies to ascertain the truth (Khan et al. 269–274; Claydon et a. 1088-91; Llena et al. 8-12). The table below would be adopted in designing a controlled experiment to test Sullivan’s hypothesis, which is derived from her assertion that her new toothpaste whitens teeth five times faster than other toothpastes. Problem                                                  The experiment would begin with a question, which would be answered by carrying out the study.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          A proposed question/problem would be, “how fast is Sullivan’s new toothpaste in whitening teeth relative to other toothpastes?”                                                                                                                                                                                                Dependent variable(s)                                    The dependent variable is the subject of study in controlled experiments and, therefore, is measured by investigators (Flannelly, Flannelly, and Jankowski 161-170).
The hospitality industry is significantly challenged by their clients becoming more sensitive to pricing, less loyal to brands, and more sophisticated in their travel. Because of this, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) represents a strategic necessity for organizations to attract and increase the patronage of their guests. A CRM strategy is therefore necessary for managing the diverse segments of companies in the hospitality industry and improve the experiences of their customers. In order to understand the process of CRM and its application to real hospitality businesses, the example of Hilton Hotels has been chosen. With a hundred years of working in the hospitality industry, Hilton Hotels and Resorts was managed to create a unique OnQ information system for effective CRM implementation. Hilton’s OnQ CRM system was developed for the purpose of managing large volumes of diverse customer data as well as storing it for analytics purposes (Kurtz et al. 314). The first point to note that for serving clients effectively, the company has created an expectation feedback system that would allow the team members at Hilton Hotels to check customer profiles quickly and easily. The system improved the company’s efficiency and saved time, thus providing high-quality services to customers. A customized approach to each client is especially relevant in the hospitality industry where competition is rising, with hotels developing news ways in attracting clients through new products and services. Thus, Hilton Hotels was challenged with creating and delivering better value compared to its competitors. The second point worth noting is that the combination of CRM and Hilton’s unique OnQ system represents a valuable resource that can be effectively used for leveraging revenues, and, as a result, show positive effects both for the brand’s image and the customer base. Since the integration of the OnQ system in 2002, there has been a significant increase in the calls to the call center of the organization. In terms of return on investment (ROI), Hilton has made a significant profit even with high expenditures that went towards CRM maintenance. Overall, for the Hilton brand, the implementation of the OnQ system led to an increase in customer satisfaction, which is an essential element in reaching a successful brand image. The OnQ solution has shown to be helpful to highlight the issues and inconveniences that the company’s clients have faced during their stays at hotels. Also, it has been instrumental in establishing the value of customers to the company based on their profile history and feedback. With the use of predictive modeling, the company can make forecasts regarding the likelihood of its customers returning. In addition, the emphasis on the demands of customers and their experiences resulted in making clients feel valued, recognized, and cared for. By having a comprehensive CRM technology, Hilton has been recognizing its customers and increasing the efficiency of reservation
Executive Summary Australian government’s economic growth has been inconsistent due to many factors, including changing economic cycles globally. This has acted as a call for the government to employ policies that will ensure economic growth while reducing inflation rates and unemployment. By employing fiscal policies such as decreasing taxation and increasing government spending, the Australian government is in a position to foster savings and consumption in the population. In the end, inflation will be reduced. By increasing government spending on infrastructure, the Australian government will enhance employment opportunities and increase savings and investments in the economy. The government is also encouraged to use the reserve bank to reduce bank rate percentage as a way of creating more employment opportunities as a lot of money will be available for disposal by the public. If these macroeconomic measures are strictly adhered to, the Australian government will weather global economic shake-ups effectively. Introduction Australian government’s economic growth has been inconsistent. The changing economic cycles in the global market are to blame for this. Global financial crisis posed a great risk to the economy. This has also acted as a wakeup call to the policy makers who are looking to apply macroeconomic policies to check this. Macroeconomic policies are essential if an economy is to realize economic growth and contain inflation (Hatch 2010). The policies are necessary to monitor demand and ensure that the market is stable at any particular time. Policy makers use two types of policies to enhance growth and economic stability; these policies are monetary and fiscal policy. Fiscal policies are contained in the budget reports of government. They help in checking inflation in the economy while stabilizing the demand side (Levitt & Dubner 2009). Monetary policies on the other hand are policies used by the reserve bank of Australia to monitor the flow of money in the economy. Moreover, the reserve bank of Australia uses this policy to influence the interest rates that will regulate the cost of obtaining money and its availability. Economic growth and inflation policies currently applied in Australia Australian economy has remarkably remained stable despite the teething effects of global financial crisis. The Australian policy makers’ initiative to use sound fiscal and monetary policies has led to a macroeconomic stability. The fiscal policies advanced are government spending, taxation and borrowing. The main reason for this is to balance budget deficit over the trade cycle. In addition, they help in containing inflation figures at 3%. Australian government to foster economic growth and boost the savings of its entire population is using fiscal policies. Moreover, the policies aim is to eradicate poverty by improving economic growth. The policy has also nurtured and improved tra