ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Plato’s cave represents human knowledge “showing the intellectual journey to truth as a gradual and arduous process”. [1] He likens people with prisoners in a cave whose only perception of realism is a play of shadows spread on a wall that faces them. Everyone has a role to play in bringing change to his/her life. One has to make a decision of leaving the thoughts that prevent them from perceiving the world from a broad perspective. Only then can they get an understanding of the real world. Plato sums this in four stages. The first stage includes forming an attitude that is based on the reality’s outward appearance constituted by sights and sounds of experience though it takes a while before the human mind distinguishes reality. The second stage is the ability to recognize the distinction between a deceptive entity of knowledge and the real ones. In this case, the shadows of the carving walls and the true carvings. The use of puppeteers by Plato inside the cave and things outside indicate that empirical discoveries never penetrate the ideal realm of truth thus calling for the need to move outside the cave. [2] The third stage is where people get outside the cave into the sun that tends to cause their blindness. This sun indicates the light of truth thus causing reality to be foreign to the familiar. This makes it hard to understand the nature of reality that happens to be ideal and not material as Plato later realized. Accordingly, practice and learning are key ingredients for realization of the true form of reality. The fourth stage is where one acknowledges the intellectual light source. Plato realized that the Good does elucidate concepts that help us to understand truth. The prisoner knew that holding his head high and standing on his dignity would signify victory as far as addressing the masses was concerned. Plato maintains this concept by saying that it is only those that can pull off enlightenment that ought to be leaders of the rest. [3] The prisoner is a leader because he has achieved enlightenment over time and he is well able to lead the rest. He did not resist enlightenment as others did but rather embraced it with open arms. The allegory of the cave can be compared with Breyten’s ‘You Screws’ which holds that people will always drag you to the pit immediately they realize that the light has finally shone upon you. Breyten having been a prisoner for while who never let his form of imprisonment deter him from advancing in knowledge, is addressing the screws who turned up in large numbers to listen to him as a way of gaining knowledge. He says that he does not regret much of having been shattered from the world but “I normally resent all attempts at dragging me back particularly when they come from the sentimentally deprived or the vicarious heart-eaters and self shitters who wallow in victimization and heroism by proxy”. [4] Ordinary folks that have not been enlightened will always misunderstand them that have the intellectual insight. The individual in the Plato at last understands his environment and tenaciously overcomes the challenges experienced in the cave, in this case being its mental incapacitation, throu
The Walt Disney Company is a global brand. The company is active in several business areas such as film and entertainment, operation of parks and resorts, and the running of media networks. The company is in the process of making acquisitions. In fact, the company’s expansion in the last ten years has come from the acquisition of various businesses aimed at strengthening the ability of the company to fulfill its mission. The latest acquisition by the company is the buying of Studio Ex (Takahashi, 2012). Studio Ex is a South Korean game maker that will help Disney to establish its presence in Asia and the gaming market (Takahashi, 2012). This acquisition shows that Disney is interested in developing a global presence and expanding its business in the gaming market. This move by Disney forms the basis of the analysis of Disney’s business strategy covered in this paper. Strategic Choices Based on Porter’s Generic Strategies All business decisions such as the acquisition of Studio Ex by Disney are part of an overall business strategy. According to Porter (1980), any business thinking about strategy must use a generic strategy in its thinking. Cost leadership, product differentiation, and focus are the three generic strategies. Cost leadership is one of the two mass-market strategies (Porter, 1980). Companies operating under this strategy aim at offering goods of a given quality to the consumers at the lowest possible price (Porter, 1980). Cost leadership usually requires a combination of low margins made profitable with high volume sales. It also requires the producer to become an efficient operator in order to identify ways of lowering operating costs to bring down the price of the product. Product differentiation is also an industry wide approach to business strategy (Porter, 1980). In this case, the company finds a unique element in its product, and uses it as a source of competitive advantage. For instance, some airlines offer no-frills services at low cost to a high number of passengers, while others aim at offering certain premium services to attract passengers who do not mind paying more to enjoy the services. The third generic strategy is the focus strategy (Porter, 1980). Focus strategy involves the identification of a niche market, and then committing resources to serve the niche as effectively as possible. Focusing on a specific niche can make it possible to operate either as a low cost supplier, or as a premium service provider. The acquisition of Studio Ex by Disney shows that in this particular case, Disney is pursuing a differentiation strategy. Studio Ex produces a specialized product. The games market in the world is a specialized niche. Some games attract a wide variety of casual users, but the best ones attract a selection of avid gamers. The company may also be pursuing a focus strategy targeting the high end gaming market (Takahashi, 2012). Some people are willing to spend a fortune on games. Therefore, Disney will have the capacity to serve this market through Studio Ex. SWOT Review of the Strategic Choic
Introduction Occupational health and safety laws coupled with human resources laws ensure that the workplace is ideal for the modern-day worker. Such laws guarantee a safe environment that is devoid of any discrimination, which is a shift from the traditional workplace where labour laws did not consider the plight of employees. In this essay, five articles relating to the laws will be discussed with the aim of examining the legal issues raised therein. Discrimination in the workplace Discrimination at the workplace is a serious offence under the aforementioned laws and offenders face strict penalties and imprisonment. In this section, an example of an article detailing discrimination at the workplace is discussed. The article published in the New York Amsterdam News explores a case in which the US Supreme Court was to decide on the extent to which an employer could be held liable for discrimination (Jamie, 2013). In the case, Vance v. Ball State University , Maetta Vance complains of being discriminated by a supervisor in the institution. The cause of disagreement is in the definition of the term ‘supervisor’ with Vance claiming that the university employee who discriminated her was her supervisor in the Banquet and Catering Department where she worked (Jamie, 2013). The case was filed in the year 2006 after Vance accused the institution of not reacting and carrying out any disciplinary action against the supervisor who racially and ethnically discriminated her. Discrimination could take place at the workplace on racial grounds as seen in Griggs v. Duke Power Co and in this case, the discrimination was rather direct (Larkin, Pierce, & Gino, 2012).. According to Vance, the supervisor by the name Sandra Davis “created and fostered a hostile work environment by frequently making discriminatory remarks about her race and ethnicity” (Jamie, 2013, p.40). The case took the nature of other discrimination at the work place, such as B radley v. Pizzaco of Nebraska, Inc. Ricci v. DeStefano , and EEOC v. Peoplemark, Inc. that had the basis of racial discrimination based on grooming policies, the requirement in tests and criminal reports respectively (Heather, Kevin, & Jitendra, 2013). The issue brought into light the legal provisions for the case and according to Title VII, “employers aren’t liable for non-supervisors’ discriminatory conduct of the majority non-supervisors as long as they act reasonably enough to prevent discrimination from occurring and for any issues of discrimination brought to their attention” (Jamie, 2013, p. 40). The university tried to shield itself from the suit by filing a motion for summary judgment to confirm, and this was an apt thing to do in its defence based on the available level of evidence (Wood, Braeken, & Niven, 2
Introduction In the United States, there is a tendency to refer people to majorities and minorities. It means that some of them are often viewed as a privileged group. Caucasians are commonly associated with such features as wealth, good education, and success. Despite many sociological and psychological studies on the topics of ethnic and racial identity, research on stereotypes about people remains limited since scholars are mainly interested in the minority groups. Thus, for instance, the Caucasians can be regarded as discoverers and adventurous people. This paper will discuss the reasons behind the formation of ethnic stereotypes, society’s perception of prejudiced positions, and participation in group activities as the way of overcoming stereotypes. Reaction to Personal Identity People use stereotypes and other forms of biases to make the information processing easier. Such categorization does not allow seeing the diversity within one group and similarities between different groups (Ridley and Jeffrey 141). However, when considering stereotypes in the context of Caucasians, it is considered that the attitude towards them is more
The paper of Gans (1971) is dedicated to the analysis of such social phenomenon as poverty. It seems logical to assume that poverty cannot be associated with any positive function because no one benefits from it, with the exception of “the slumlord and the loan” (Gans, 1971, 20). However, since “their activities are classified among the dysfunctions of poverty”, they also could not represent any positive aspects of poverty (Gans, 1971, 20). Nonetheless, Gans (1971) presents a peculiar idea that poverty could be positively associated with the “expansion of respectable professions and occupations, for example, penology, criminology, social work, and public health” (p. 20). In other words, the rise of poverty provides jobs for people in numerous spheres and even motivates activists, journalists, and social scientists to investigate the causes of this phenomenon and fight it. Gans (1971) marks that poverty could be regarded as a guarantee that society will always have someone willing to do the “dirty work” to earn some money. Indeed, it is hard to find an employee for underpaid, difficult, and dangerous jobs in prosperous societies. Secondly, poor people with low wages subsidize economic activities beneficial for the middle and upper economic classes. Thirdly, poverty creates jobs for the specialists that work in the spheres that target needy citizens. Fourthly, poor people buy cheap goods of low quality that more affluent individuals would never purchase. Additionally, people with low income act as a motivating example for society and force them to work hard and invest in education. Besides, wealthy people use poverty to demonstrate their income and status and raise their social image through participating in charity. Nonetheless, it is a mistake to believe that poverty is a favourable condition of society. Instead, it should be actively fought because there are other ways to ensure that the “dirty work” will be done and cheap and substandard will be bought. For example, it will be easier to attract employees for some low-level jobs if wages are higher. Still, the problem is that poverty could only be eradicated if it becomes useless for powerful and wealthy people. Reference Gans, R. (1971). The uses of poverty: The poor pay all. Social Policy , 20-24.
Methodology Study design Originally, the design is based on the definition of the breast cancer diagnosis procedure in Saudi Arabia. The fact is that, the health care program in this geographic area is associated with the encouragement of all the women in the area to be subjected to the examination for the breast cancer, as the earlier the problem will be found, the more successful the treatment process will be. The overall process may be shown on the following chart. In accordance to this graph, the research design corresponds to model 2. Single Group of researchers. This model offers the opportunity and necessity to arrange the Pre-test and Post-test. The Advantage: Ability to detect that a change has occurred. Originally, it is the main aim of the project – to provide the changes the Ethical considerations Originally, the ethical considerations of the Saudi Arabia audience will not be touched upon, if the medical team will be female. Independently on the qualification of male doctors, women of Saudi Arabia will not agree to examine their health, as religious and cultural origins of this country do not permit women show their body to anyone except husband. Moreover, the medical staff, if not from Arab world, should respect the cultural and religious practices of their patients. Moreover, the treatment should not contradict with the religious beliefs of the patients. Types of Evaluation The evaluation of the process should be closely associated with the amount of time, dedicated to any particular patient, and the amount of the arranged tests. The impact will be evaluated by the promotional actions and campaigns, aimed at attracting and encouraging women to pass the tests for breast cancer. The more women will be attracted for the examination, the more cases of breast cancer will be prevented and treated. The outcomes will be evaluated after the program is terminated. The results of the program will include the amount of women attracted, and the amount of cases solved. Sample Size, Selection and Recruitment Methods The sample size, in comparison with the similar programs should be up to 90%. Thus, the aim of the project is to encourage the majority of women to pass the examination, and work with the male population, in order to persuade them let their wives to pass the examination. The recruitment methods will entail banners and public lectures, explaining the origin of breast cancer, its diagnosis and consequences, if it is left untreated. All the possible harms and
Abstract This essay will present the details of the life of Anna Boleyn. It will examine her way of life from childhood, and how she influenced society, and her contributions to history. The essay will mainly focus on Anna’s major achievements, accomplishments and how her how she contributed to the development of history. Anna Boleyn Childhood Anna was a great woman of her time who portrayed important roles in English History. Records about her exact date of birth are not clear but estimates put it between May to June 1500. She spent a good part of her childhood years in the court of Archduchess Margret. She also spent part of her childhood in France where she learned French. Besides her fluency in French, she was quickly assimilated to the French culture- her attires; music and poetry, all portrayed the French culture (Warnicke, p. 942). Anna’s Influence in England Though Anna’s influence did not last, as a mother of the queen of England, her power was highly felt across England. She influenced the course of history in England on various issues of national and international concern. Bernard points out that the church was the beginning point of her influence in England (p. 17). Henry VII’s interest to marry her culminated in England breaking common ties with Rome which they have endeavored to build over the ages, however, Anna’s influence literary went beyond this. She was a deeply religious woman and steadfast in reformation. She is believed to have read widely and owned several books which were written by authors who advocated for reformation, in addition, she constantly discussed and shared her feelings and passion with King Henry VII whom she had encouraged to undertake studies in reformation theology (Bernard, p. 19). Her religious commitment, she had a conviction that the Holy Scriptures should be made available to everyone regardless of status in the society, this was to ensure that everyone reads and understand by themselves, not only by the priest. Bernard observes that Anna advocated and encouraged women to own and read the bible which was newly translated daily at that time (p. 14). Anna’s influence was protracted by Elizabeth I. Being a mother of England’s most respected Queen, Elizabeth I, governed and ruled England for almost four decades. When she died in the year 1603, England was stable, powerful, strong ad prosperous. Her time in power was considered one of the most triumphant. Anna Boleyn played a vital role in England politics. Being an intelligent and a woman of vision, she never felt afraid or intimidated to say what she thought was right or wrong. Her strong determination and influence especially over the monarch made Wolsey crumb
Executive Summary Organizations are established to perform different functions. For profit-making organizations, the main motive is to increase profitability to their owners. On the other hand, nonprofit-making organizations are mainly concerned with increasing the social welfare of the people they are established to serve. While there are many criteria for distinguishing the two types of organizations, in the current paper, financial accounting as a mode of financial reporting and governance approach is used to distinguish between profit and non-profit-making organizations. While nonprofit-making organizations prepare statements of financial position of the organization, profit-making organizations prepare balance sheets. There are also differences in governance approaches in the two types of organization in that nonprofit-making organizations are headed by boards of trustees while the profit-making organizations are led by the board of directors. Introduction Profit and nonprofits making organizations adopt different approaches in preparation of their accounting statements. In the context of this paper, the term accounting is deployed to refer to “a process of identifying, recording, summarizing, and reporting economic information to decision makers in the form of financial statements” (Hartigan, 2010, p.357). In the bigger discipline of accounting, financial accounting aims at satisfying particular needs of various decision makers who are external to an organization. Such stakeholders encompass suppliers, government agencies, stockholders, and banks among others. For both nonprofit and profit-making organizations, stakeholders who are interested in the financial statements of the different organizations are different since they (stakeholders) also anticipate organizations’ financial statements to be prepared differently. In this perspective, the focus of the paper is to discuss the differences between financial management approaches in nonprofit and profit-making organizations. Financial management in the profit-making organization in comparison to nonprofit-making organizations In both profit-and nonprofits making organizations, preparation of financial statements is necessary to aid in informing the decision-making processes. However, in the preparation of the statements, differences are reflected in many aspects right from the terminologies applied, documentation of sources of funding, and subsequent allocation of the proceeds realized from the operations of an organization. For nonprofit-making organization, finances for running the activities of an organization are obtained from a variety of sources including government grants, contributions made by members, program revenues, investments incomes, membership dues, and fundraising events among others (Haddad, 2011, p.12). In case of profit-making organizations, financial statements itemizes things such merchandise sales, fees levied from services offered, gains realized from investments, and investment incomes as some of the sources of financ
Introduction For most organizations, induction programs for new employees are becoming a common practice. This is because the retention of employees has become a critical problem owing to the changing workforce trends and business setting. Induction programs are being adopted to enable the employees adjust to the new work environment. This discussion explores the concept of induction and its benefits to both the organization and the employees. Current Business context Learning and Development in the Current Business context Learning and development is the process of improving employees’ performance in the organization through training, education, and development. It entails a continuing commitment towards the development of employees as an important part of the operations of an organization. Learning and development involves continuous professional development of the employees and this gives them a chance to improve their knowledge, skills, and practice (Sadler-Smith 2006). Learning and development has various benefits. It increases the confidence, motivation, morale, and satisfaction among the employees. Moreover, it enables the employees to perform their roles efficiently and therefore increases the productivity of the organization. Learning and development also increases the organization’s capacity to keep pace with new methods and emerging technologies, and also increases innovation in terms of products and strategies. Proper learning and development also minimizes employee turnover. In addition, it enhances the organization’s image (Joy-Matthews, Megginson, & Surtees 2004). Induction – Current Business context This is a process through which firms welcome new workers and ensure that they are prepared for their new assignments. During this process, the employees should be trained on both the practical and theoretical skills (Toten 2005). The process of induction includes several activities. The new employees are welcomed into the organization and given a general introduction. Employment’s terms and conditions are confirmed with the necessary paperwork being processed. Employees are then trained in areas such as occupational health & safety and equal opportunity. The employees are also informed about any legal and regulatory requirements. They are also introduced to the company and given a tour around the organization. The new employees are also introduced to key staff members. The new employees also go through detailed on-the-job training. They are also trained on the organizational culture. They also learn information such as employee benefits and organizational procedures and policies (Stewart & Rigg 2011). Best practices should be adopted in order to achieve a successful induction process. Firstly, the program for the employee induction should be scheduled in advance. A program for the induction process should be prepared, including details such as