ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive summary Abu Dhabi Queens school project is a project of the Abu Dhabi group of schools which is a private company with a wide range of investments mainly in the education sector. The company deals with international educations systems. There has been the growth of students enrolling in Queen Group of schools from Abu Dhabi and this has led to the company taking these services closer to their clients. Abu Dhabi school project consists of a world-class education facility building. It will be equipped with modern training equipment and technology offering practical training and wholesome growth to the institution’s students. The facility will also contain a wide range of sporting facilities, student quarters, classes, and administration block. The expected student population in the facility will be 1300 and also a staff population of 200. Business needs Abu Dhabi project objectives are as follows;   * To increase the company’s portfolio of schools globally and thereby serve its clientele effectively. This is in line with the company’s vision of offering world-class and global education.   * To meet the growing demands of education services in the United Arab Emirates. This was identified by the growing number of students from Abu Dhabi enrolling in various schools of the Queen’s group.   * To provide world-class education and education facilities for the wholesome development of the students in Abu Dhabi. Project description Scope of the project The Abu Dhabi Queens School project will start with the acquisition of land and building of state of the art education facility in Abu Dhabi. The facility will have classrooms, theaters, boarding facilities, staff quarters, sporting facilities and an arena, scientific laboratories, administration block, and security facilities. This education facility will be beneficial to the parents of Abu Dhabi who usually take their children to study outside the country since this service will be locally available. The facility will also attract regional students from the neighboring countries thereby influencing the development of other sectors of the economy in Abu Dhabi not forgetting the employment opportunities associated with the project. Justification of the project   * Availability of world-class education facility for the people of Abu Dhabi thereby reducing expenses spent by students going to international schools.   * Higher education standards for the people of Abu Dhabi will imply better services to the community by the graduates and also general education sector growth in the country.   * The multiplier effect due to the employment creation and enrollment of international students will be a substantial contribution to the country’s
Introduction Social movements are groups of people who come together to express their interest in social change. The success of these movements is usually determined by the person leading them. A leader with good communication skills and who knows how to express his or her ideas is bound to attract more supporters and enact change. This essay summarises Dr. Martin Luther King’s speech “I Have a Dream”, and Alicia Garza’s speech on the Black Lives Matter movement and analyses the two leaders’ body language during the delivery. Dr. Martin Luther King’s Speech Dr. Martin Luther King gave his speech “I Have a Dream” on August 28, 1963, at the steps of Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C, to finalize the march for jobs and freedom. He opens by saying he is glad to join the audience in demonstrating freedom. Dr. King notes how Black people are not entirely free despite Abraham Lincoln signing the emancipation proclamation 100 years before. Moreover, he states that when the nation’s founders drafted the constitution and declared independence, they promised each American. A promise that everyone has the same rights of life and liberty regardless of race (Card, 2018). He claims that the government has defaulted on the check that they have given the black citizens. Furthermore, King cautions the people against engaging in any unlawful acts. He offers real proof that it was possible to achieve change without using violence by stating how he stood for peace amid the existence of much violence in civil rights movements and encouraged people to respect the whites who supported them. As he concludes, he speaks of his dream for the American nation and emphasizes that all races should live in peace and love. Alicia Garza’s Speech Alicia Garza’s speech is on the topic of the Black Lives Matter movement. She says that Black people have not yet mattered in America and the world. She mainly talks about human rights violations, including issues of gender, police brutality, and racism (Clayton, 2018). For instance, she states that Black women earn much less than white women and Black transgender women have a life expectancy of thirty-five years. Additionally, Garza emphasizes that the Black Lives Matter movement is an essential movement whose growth is due to the rise in the murder of black people. She also describes how her work at the National Domestic Workers Alliance contributes to the movement. She says that many domestic workers are Black immigrants whose rights are continuously disregarded by employers. She concludes her speech by saying that Black Lives Matter is a movement that was there to stay until the respect and dignity of Black lives is restored. Comparison of the Speeches by Dr. Martin Luther King and Alicia Garza There are various parallels in the delivery of the two speeches. Both Alicia and D
George Boole is now regarded by many scientists as one of the prominent mathematicians and logicians of the nineteenth century, yet we should remember that he did not receive recognition during his lifetime. Among his most famous works, it is quite possible for us to single out the following ones: The Laws of Thought, Mathematical Analysis of Logic, Calculus of Finite Differences and many others (Hale, 1985, p. 22). To a certain extent, his ideas laid the foundations for the development of information technologies and programming languages but at that time they were perceived as something impractical and inapplicable to any field of human activity. It should be borne in mind that for a considerable amount of time Boole was not very much interested in exact sciences, he was mostly attracted by humanities but later he evinced to mathematics and logic. But his liking for classic philosophy did not go in vain because Booles logic partly relies on Aristotle and Plato. Probably, it would be more prudent for us to illustrate Booles views on the relations between mathematics and logic, because this is the cornerstone of his approach. It was traditionally believed that these two notions were two separate sciences and their rules were practically incompatible with each other. On the one hand, the famous scholar did not try to merge them into a single entity; however, he argued that logical mechanisms could be described by means of mathematical symbols. Consequently, it was also permissible to apply mathematical operations to logic (Bell, 1961, p. 44). According to him, every statement can be presented in the form of an equation. It was he who introduced such symbols as x and y into logical science. Subsequently, this idea was used by the first developers of information technologies because every algorithm demonstrates that a logical operation or syllogism is a form of the equation. In addition to that George explored such issue as the theory of probability and he tried to apply his principles. In part, his attempts gave rise to the so-called probability algebra. The key method, which George Boole employed, was system analysis; though at that time it was not popular among scholars and logicians. He argued that every phenomenon could be subdivided into constituent parts or subsystems and it was of crucial importance to determine the relations between them. From his standpoint, in this way, the probability of any event could be determined. Nonetheless, it should be taken into consideration that he did not elaborate his argument, and later his theory of probability was subjected to criticism. Furthermore, George Boole dedicated several treatises to quantitative research methods, namely mathematical analysis. Again, it is worth mentioning that he did not fully develop his ideas but later many sociologists adopted his views. He intended to p
Introduction Democracy is considered to be one of the forms of political government, where the role of people is crucial indeed. The majority becomes the ruling power that supports individual freedom and equality before the law. Public speaking is regarded as one of the most effective ways to attract voters’ attention and make them believe that democratic actions are worth attention and recognition. This is why if public speaking is poor or boring for the audience, the ideas of democracy may still be unheard. It will be very difficult to improve the situation and
Introduction Diversity is an inherent characteristic that is found in virtually every aspect of human life. Diversity in the workforce goes beyond the issues of race, gender, and ethnicity to include differences in experience, variations in educational background and discrepancies in perceptions. Diversity is a result of differences in religious backgrounds, racial differences, and differences in cultural orientation, among other factors. People will always have different qualities and priorities because human beings are unique by nature. Workforce diversity has several benefits to organizations, which coupled with the impossibility to avoid it, makes its accommodation a must-do task. However, there are people who wonder whether “accommodating workforce diversity is a necessity or a luxury” (DuBrin, 2011). Advantages of Workforce Diversity By accommodating workforce diversity, an organization attracts employees with different talents to its workforce. This is because people feel free to show and use their talents. As a result, the employees can highly contribute to organizational growth by using their skills to increase efficiency in production. On the same note, employees feel more comfortable when their diversity is accommodated (DuBrin, 2011). Moreover, employees will easily quit a firm where their diversity is not well managed because of the conflicts that are likely to prevail there. Therefore, accommodating workforce diversity ensures that a firm is able to retain employees, thus, reducing the cost of recruiting and training new employees. In addition, accommodating workforce diversity helps in eliminating unnecessary tension between employees and management, as well as among employees (Barak, 2010). As a r
Current Strategic Situation of Adidas and VFC Adidas is one of the leading multinational corporations that manufactures and sells sportswear in the global market. The firm’s headquarters are in Herzogenaurach, Germany, where the products are designed and manufactured before they are distributed to the world market (Das, 2010). Although the firm has been facing stiff competition from global rivals such as Nike, Puma, and VCF, among others, it has remained strategically strong in the market, making impressive profits in the recent past. The firm has diversified its products to go beyond the sportswear as a way of gaining competitive advantage in the market. Some of the popular products recently introduced by this firm include shirts, bags, eyewear, and watches. As the head of the strategy for Adidas, this move was taken after realising that some of the customers needed more than what this firm was offering. The brand Adidas is one of the best brands in the sportswear industry (Carney, 2009). However, the future remains uncertain as new forces in the market introduce new dynamics which are making it difficult for the players to predict the future market conditions. VF Corporation is a large American conglomerate that designs and manufactures clothes and different types of shoes. Having been in the market for the last 24 years, this firm has gained a massive competitive advantage to become one of the leading designers and manufacturers of clothes and shoes not only in the United States but also in other regions across the world. The recent statistics show that this firm has been very profitable, with revenue of $ 9.459 billion generated in the financial year that ended in December 2012. The total asset of the firm within this period was estimated to be $ 9.734 within the same period, with an employee base of about 58,000 people (Das, 2013). This firm has been able to attract young consumers in their outdoor products. Some of their products that have gained global popularity among the youths include Timberland, Vans, North Face, Reef, and Lucy. It is important to analyse some of the commonalities and differences between these two firms. It is clear that the two firms have some commonalities that may make the integration much easier than anticipated. Both firms design and manufactures both sportswear and casual clothing. They are both operating in the global market, and currently, the United States remains their most attractive market. The two firms have been struggling to tap into the emerging markets in China, India, and Africa. However, it is necessary to understand some of the differences that may create some complications when integrating the two firms. Adidas is a
Introduction In scientific research, especially in the field of medicine, the maximum accuracy of the results is essential. It allows scientists to make the results consistent with reality and use them more effectively in the future (Klugman and Lamb, 2019). There are numerous criteria for assessing the validity of a study, allowing people to understand the level of its quality and benefits to society. Celis-Morales et al. (2017) argue that “commuting by walking was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality. However, commuting by cycling was associated with the lowest risk of these as well as lower risks of all cause mortality and cancer, with dose dependent relations for all outcomes. Mixed mode commuting was associated with some benefits but only if the active component comprised cycling” (para. 13). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the article by Celis-Morales et al. that is dedicated to the relationship between physical activity and the risk of various diseases in the elderly. Answers to the Questions Were the exposures measured similarly to assign people to both exposed and unexposed groups? The primary measured exposure is the amount and mode of commuting of the elderly. The main way to work with informants in this study is an electronic questionnaire containing questions about these details. Indeed, the measured exposure was measured in the same way for all study participants. Each of them filled out this form, and, depending on the results, they were divided into different groups. Some of them commuted by feet, some used bicycles, and others noted a lack of physical activity. These groups were observed, and the results of the study were developed after several years. The authors turned to official documents reporting the death of some of these people and its cause. Thus, regardless of the group, the state of people was examined using the same methods. This allowed researchers to most accurately compare their well-being and draw relevant conclusions. Therefore, the chosen approach of researchers allowed them to make reliable and interesting conclusions. Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? When working with information, the authors relied on valid sources. First, this is work with the informants themselves, who independently described their lifestyle during the survey. Questions were developed based on other scientific studies, and therefore are also reliable. Thus, information on how active is the lifestyle of the studied groups of people is reliable. Second,
Introduction and background Performance appraisal has not been a matter of importance for the San Diego Zoological Society management for quite some time. The Society has more than 2,500 workers, and the revenues run at $160 million per annum and higher. Despite the scope and multidimensionality of operation, the Society’s management failed to provide an adequate appraisal for the workers and was never held responsible for that. A new Web-based performance management system was implemented as a component of meeting the Society’s goal of becoming more accountable. The system was designed to guide managers through the completion of the appraisal procedure. The system was embraced by the employees and HR. The latter supposed payment-for-performance, instantaneous feedback, and timely acknowledgment would encourage valuable human capital to gravitate to the Society. Case study Performance appraisal criteria The performance appraisal system falls under the following criteria:  1. Strategic congruence: the system sets employee goals that are related to those of the Society, e.g., guest satisfaction.  2. Validity: the system measures all aspects of employee job performance, e.g., professionalism based on teamwork, communication, etc.  3. Reliability: the system is reliable by internal consistency and test-retest since all measures are equally important and stand the test of time. However, interrater reliability is nowhere to be seen because management is the only appraiser.  4. Acceptability: long-term employees think the system is fair.  5. Specificity: the goals are tangible and set within a clear time limit. Thus, the new Web-based system meets all criteria except for reliability. To conform to the interrater reliability criterion, the system should use more evaluation and appraisal providers. Strengths and weaknesses Web-based appraisal systems generally give the employees an opportunity to be evaluated impassively and to insert their achievements faster than using paper. The forms can also be accessed anytime, cross-references, and stored long-term in the company’s cloud (Lepsinger and Lucia 3). Among the weaknesses, the absence of a human factor (i.e., when an appraisal e-mail is sent without any explanation) can confuse the employees. Also, there is an increased risk of data theft (Lepsinger and Lucia 23). Applied to the Society, the problem of impersonal appraisal is solved by meetings with the management and the employees’ ability to give feedback. Another strong point is that the employees are able to fill in their accomplishments for the management to be aware of. On the other hand, the employees’ self-reported achievements have to be certified individually – which is a weakness because it takes time, and so do the meetings. A 360-degree multi-rater would probably solve the issue. It would receive the guests’, peers’, and superv
Introduction Enlightenment philosophers such as Kant and Bentham though they differed much in their epistemology and mindsets, opposed war and violence between states as inappropriate means for achieving lasting peace. Kant for instance listed several stipulations that were in his view necessary for creating lasting peace. They included the creation of world government formed by constitutional republics (Dictionary and Resource Guide, 2007). Kant opposed democratic regime thinking that “…democracy is, properly speaking, necessarily a despotism because it establishes an executive power in which “all” decide for or even against one who does not agree” (Kant, 2003). Damage and ruins By the same token, Jeremy Bentham thought that the arm conflicts in international relations produce for damage and ruins than positive effects and thus according to his theory of Utility considered them as irrational. He thought that ‘all war is in its essence ruinous; yet the great employments of government are to treasure up occasions of war and to put fetters upon trade’ (Dictionary and Resource Guide, 2007). He even outlined a comprehensive layout of world peace and was a strong advocate for protecting human rights on the international level. According to these philosophers, the use of force at the international level is only affordable when there is a threat to state sovereignty from the aggressive actors of international relations. Hobbes as representative of New European philosophy was a proponent of natural human rights and claimed that they are inalienable and thus it is necessary to develop international human rights (Dictionary and Resource Guide, 2007). The laws of war and peace (De Jure Belli ac Pacis) by the Dutch thinker Hugo Grotius is a monumental work. For Hobbes and Grotius, and for the world they inhabited, the chief problem was war. Henc
Connecting the farms in the US to the concept of the perfectly competitive market, the definition and the characteristics of such a market should be outlined. The main characteristics of a perfectly competitive market include the availability of many buyers and sellers, identical products, and the absence of barriers to entering the market. These main characteristics can be reflected in US farms, where there are large numbers of buyers and sellers in this industry, and accordingly, there is a change in market entrants annually, e.g. “[t]he estimated the number of farms in the U.S. in 2007 were revised from 2,088,790 to 2,204,950” (Economic Research Service). Additionally, it can be seen that the output of each farm in the US, is very small relative to the overall production numbers, and thus, each participant in the market being insignificant to the market in general, is an indicator of the perfectly competitive market. In terms of income and costs, a perfectly competitive market implies a long-run competitive equilibrium, where the entry and the exit of firms, results in zero economic profit in the long run. In that regard, the farming industry in the United States can be described as an increasing cost industry, where the average long-run costs increase with the expansion of the industry. Looking at the gross farm income, production expenses, and net farm income, it can be seen that the expansion of the industry with new entrants is correlated with the rise in production expenses. Accordingly, new entries to the market mean that the supply curve is shifted, resulting in lowering the market price. However, the increase in the production costs and the commodity prices might have led to that the prices are determined by the market, rather than market participants.