ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
National and organizational cultures are both important factors that determine how business organisations and employees conduct themselves as well as perform their duties. An organization may profess an informal culture in its operations whereby it takes risk in any venture while a national government may be averse in taking risks making its culture rather formal (Loveland & Adams, 2008). Therefore any multinational company must realign the behaviours and beliefs of its employees to be in agreement with the cultural expectations of the company. on the same note, behavioural patterns, tastes and preferences of people in a given nation are determined by their respective national cultures (Torres-baumgarten & Yucetepe, 2009). This is perhaps why a particular group of people would prefer a particular commodity or business while another group in another country might have a different choice. Furthermore, organizational cultures have powerful influences on the employees. Some of these cultures are a reflection of their leaders’ behaviour or personality (Bellin & Pham, 2007). They may be acquired if a multinational company operates in a given geographical location for a considerable length of time. In this present age, there is a fiercer competition in the business world. Every multinational company is under great pressure to have a significant share of the available markets. Needless to say, this cut-throat competition has been largely occasioned by globalization. The multinationals are trying to harmonise both national and organisational cultures to work for their good (Harrison-Walker, 2007). They are increasing their flexibility so as to be able to embrace those cultures that are foreign to them and use them in their favour. This essay will explore how national and organizational cultures influence the managers and employees of multinational companies. Multinational companies have large organizational structures having departments that plays host to important business and management functions. These departments include production, marketing and finance among others. These organizational structures describe the nature of strategy a company has (Loveland & Adams, 2008). A bigger and more advanced structure denotes a greater global strategy unlike a structure that will house small and domestic business functions. A multinational company may choose to adopt a partic
Philosophy is a very difficult science to understand without studying it properly. It is not enough just to read philosophical works, they must be studied and understood, only in this way it is possible to enter the philosophical world, to comprehend it in a full volume. The great philosopher of his time Immanuel Kant still has an influence in the world philosophical thought and his works are still valid, in spite of the fact that he lived and wrote in the XVIII century. Kant’s great thoughts are still discussed in the world, his theories still work and it is impossible to reject his great contribution to ethical philosophy. Immanuel Kant was born on the twenty-second of April, 1724 in Königsberg in a big family with ten brothers and sisters. His parents were notable people: his father was a craftsman and his mother, having come out of a famous family, had an excellent education, considering the fact that it was inappropriate for women to be well-educated. Since the very6 childhood, Kant was influenced by the surrounding environment. The city he lived in was the center of the province. So, the whole political, military, economical, literary and religious life was concentrated there. The culture in the city was on a high level and being isolated from other literature centers, influenced the desire for intellectual growth. (Stuckenberg 2009) Due to the fact that his mother was well-educated, she did her best to impart her love for knowledge to her son. The principles of morality, peace, and piety were cultivated in Immanuel since his childhood, and these principles were inserted into his philosophical tractates. His first works were superior moral ones, because of the influence on him by his upbringing. On the other hand, there was noting notable or extraordinary in Kant’s youth. (Stuckenberg 2009) Childhood and youth of the philosopher were the most crucial parts of his life as they were periods when his consciousness was formed, when his tastes and ideas were constructed, in spite of the fact that he did not understand that, it was on the subconscious level. Kant’s works are multi-thematic, it is impossible to divide his life into periods according to the themes of his works, but still, the number of his works may be divided into several themes (periods): a mathematical, a physical, a me
Abstract A review of self regulation has shown that self monitoring is fundamental to it by examining basic volitional factors of activation and use of goals, goal setting, self evaluation, meta-skills, self regulation failure, and self efficacy. In research, definition, procedures, and methods of self monitoring which may lead to issues of consistency and authority are not conformed. Future researchers will be required to emphasize on varied phenomenological aspects of psychosomatic function for procedural methods of self monitoring to be clearer. Introduction The focus of current research is the complicated process of self regulation which is an important aspect in somatic and cognitive behavior therapies. Various factors which are closely related seem to govern self-regulation with no singular factor being responsible for its success or failure. In sporting, self regulation is considered useful to a person’s mental temperament. Vealey, Hayashi, Garner-Holman, and Giacobbi (1998) developed a questionnaire for three hundred and thirty five college athletes, over a variety of experimental trials which tested the sources of their confidence in sports. Nine sources of sport confidence were identified in the outcome of the exercise, and categorized into: success, good climatic conditions, and self regulation. The ratings by the athletes were first achievement which included demonstration of ability and self mastery. Second was self regulation which includes physical and mental presentation and preparation. Finally, climate which encompassed situational favorableness, environmental comfort, vicarious experience, social support, and the leadership of the coaches was identified. This was the order of perceived priority with regard to the vital sources of sport confidence improvement. The opinion and expectations of team performance is greatly influenced by an individuals self monitoring skill (Kim, 1999) as well as the team’s environment. (Kim & Cho, 1996). They also influence the confidence of success. Consequently, the awareness of self control boosts the confidence and performance of an individual in a task. However, engaging in behavioral change strategy requires the clarification and definition of mechanism of self regulation. Mechanisms An extensive review of self regulation mechanisms which underlie somatic and cognitive based learning in performance has been conducted by Karoly (1993) who defines self regulation as the processes which may be internal or transactional which makes it possible for a person to guide his or her goal directed acts across varying contexts over time. According to her, regulation is modulation of thought, attention affect, or behavior through deliberate use of specific mechanisms and supportive meta-skills. When a common activity is impeded or when goal directing is made salient, the process of self regulation becomes initiated. The stable element which tries to direct behavior along a given specific path to a directed purpose seems to be self-regulation. However, basic volitional factors also characterize the proces
The website content does not clearly state the type of product sold or the nature of products. The color scheme is mainly red, with minimum creativity to make the page attractive. There is an attempt to advertise Christmas products and holidays, but the adverts are located away from the cover page hence not immediately accessible to customers. The information is shallow, just stating the activities in bulletin form. The pictures are limited to the top of the page instead of spreading neatly to form a cluttered surface on the page at the top while the bottom of the page is unutilized (United Way Cape Breton, 2013). In terms of context, the site is clear for a viewer with white spaces making the content more visible. The site contains information on some of the projects that United Way Cape Breton engages in, such as the youth center that provides a safe space to have fun as well as an educational environment to learn and socialize. The provision of basic needs to move people out of poverty and health provision is among the priority issues of the organization. However, clear information on how it is achieved is missing (United Way Cape Breton, 2013). According to the information provided, there are pictures of project beneficiaries and social workers. There is the monotony of red color and other shades making it less appealing to clients who visit the site. A few adverts are placed strategically for prospective customers with a Christmas advert appearing on the home page. This is an indication that though this site is meant for commercial purposes, a regular update is lacking on the site. Overemphasis on donating makes the site appear to be a scam engaging in soliciting funds but failing to account effectively for the money as indicated by the tag “charity facts not available” present on the site, on our stories page. This indicates the lack of accountability since the organization has been in existence since 1959. Content is limited to descriptive literature and pictures showing projects. The pictorial arrangement is not well organized to create a flow of activities. For instance, the home page and the main picture on it are social workers wearing the organization’s shirts and some other pictures where people are holding conversations. Lack of graphics such as videos and audio links indicates underutilization of site capacity to avail details for users and other partners as a motivation for continued loyalty (United Way Cape Breton, 2013). United Way Cape Breton community members are allowed to access further details about the organization and other members by creating user accounts. The use of logins allows for user-user communication. Users may personalize their profile details but not the overall look of the site giving limited flexibility. English i
Introduction Recognizing employees increases their motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. However, managers and companies do not praise their employees often because they assume that praise will negatively affect their performance. Many managers do not recognize their employees because they do not know how to do it without bias or their companies do not initiate reward programs. On the other hand, it is difficult for managers who are not recognized by their companies to recognize employees. Finally, many companies assume that employees should be contented with their jobs and desist from seeking more favors. They believe that giving an individual a job is enough. Many companies do not understand the importance of recognizing employees. Main body As a manager, I would take several steps to motivate employees who perform well. I would recognize them through verbal praise and monetary rewards. Verbal praise would make them feel appreciated and valued for their good performance. In addition, monetary rewards would motivate them to replicate the actions that earned them rewards. High performing employees are motivated through stretch goals that keep them focused. Challenges are very effective sources of motivation for employees who perform well. Employees have an innate need to always improve their skills and increase their knowledge. Therefore, it is important to delegate duties and challenging responsibilities to employees in order to ensure that their performance and development take an upward trajectory. Assigning challenging tasks and more responsibilities to employees helps them to develop confidence, firmness, and efficiency in their jobs. In addition, they help employees to develop positive attitudes and mindsets that are necessary for the attainment of organizational success. There are downsides to giving employees too much verbal praise. Excessive praise boosts the egos of employees who consequently develop destructive behaviors at workplaces. They assume that they are the best employees and thus alienate their colleagues. Such employees fail to participate in teamwork and collaborative responsibilities because they consider themselves special. This creates divisions among employees. In addition, too much praise creates divisions among employees especially if the praise is directed towards one or few employees. Finally, too much praise affects productivity
Introduction Kotler and Armstrong (2010, p.32) assert that marketing is aimed at converting the consumer’s needs and wants into profitable opportunities. In their marketing activities, firms are aimed at creating value for consumers by offering solutions to their needs. To be effective, managers have to tailor their operations in line with market needs (Young, 2008, p. 332). Firms that take into consideration consumers needs and direct their efforts towards satisfying these needs tend to be successful in the long term (Young, 2008, p. 332). One of the ways through which they attain this is by minimizing the consumer search for products and services (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010, p. 32). However, this can only be attained through the incorporation of effective marketing practices. In an effort to attain this, managers of firms in different economic sectors are required to take into account various marketing principles. There is a wide range of marketing principles that firms have to consider in developing their competitiveness. Some of these principles include understanding the customer’s needs and offering products and services, which lead to a high level of customer satisfaction. Additionally, firms should create and sustain a strong relationship with customers. Despite incorporating these principles, the firm’s success is affected by external environmental forces. External environmental forces entail the forces which originate from the external business environment. According to Lancaster and Reynolds (p.29), the core external forces include the political, social-cultural, technological, and economic forces. In order to understand the application of marketing principles by managers, the researcher sought to evaluate the automobile industry. The aim of the analysis is to understand the various issues affecting the automobile industry. The Automobile industry The United States is ranked amongst the leaders with regard to the consumption of passenger cars, light trucks, and light vehicles. The three main players in the industry include General Motors, Daimler/Chrysler, and Ford Motors. These firms account for approximately 50% of all the light cars manufactured in the US. In the 21 st century, the automobile industry is faced with a wide range of issues arising from the business environment. For example, oil prices have been rising rapidly. This has led to a decline in the consumption of automobiles. Secondly, the cost of raw materials has become prohibitive, leading to price pressures. The US automobile industry has been
Literature Review Saudi Stock market companies have always been putting a lot of effort in analyzing the trends and stats of their companies since market analysis effects and suggest very much to the governing bodies. According to Blake (250), positive analysis may boost the inflow of the finances and a negative one can easily destroy an emerging company. This is the reason that each country has a governing body to make sure that these analyses are absolute and are not influenced by the powerful companies or people. A potential change in buying and selling stock is always observed after the fresh analysis. Thus a growing company always wants to establish itself as an evolving organization and careful one. The few finding which influenced the behavior of the finance flow in company is listed below as per the importance of the analyst prediction (Blake, 120-200). Onour (n.p.) explained that stock market of Saudi Arabia stayed informal till the 1980’s amidst the launch of a rapid development by the Saudi government. The year 1984 saw the transfer of control of the daily regulation of the Saudi market into the hands of SAMA (Saudi Arabia Monetary System). Additionally, the SSRC i.e. Saudi Sahre Registration Company was set up by the commercial banks which allows joint stock companies to register centrally and monitors all equity trades. According to Onuor, “When looking at market development indicators of market capitalization ratio, the liquidity ratio, and the volatility indicator we realize that Saudi stock market is still fledging market that has yet to be characterized as a developed market” (Onuor, n.p). As being a greatly concentrated market, analysts’ forecasted that the market capitalization of three companies in the lead (from the 72 companies traded in the Saudi Stock market), make up 52% of the overall market capitalization. Speaking of liquidity indicator, analysts had predicted that just five companies would achieve a turn-over ratio of ≥ 5%. It was a
Introduction Westpac group is a financial institution located in Australia. The major goal for the company is to satisfy its 10 million customers by helping them achieve their financial goals. It encourages its valued customers to save and invest, ensuring that it meets the financial need of the multi-national corporate and government clients. It has retail and business banking which is responsible for sales, customer service, and marketing (The Westpac Group, n.d). Westpac operations are conducted through a network of 848 branches world wide and it is still aiming to open other branches. Background Westpac Company was established in 1817 in New South Wales under the governorship of Lachlan Macquarie. It latter changed its name to Westpac Banking Corporation in 1982 after the emergence of the Commercial Bank of Australia. After this emergence it expanded rapidly in the period 1980s. In 2000s Westpac became the principal sponsor of Sydney 2000 Olympic Games which was very successful. Westpac Banking Corporation began a strategic restructuring and was able to expand its wealth management. It acquired Rothschild Australia Asset Management, parts of BT financial Group and a 51% of Hastings Funds Management Limited. It got its registration as a public company on 23 August 2002, under the Australian corporations Act (2001). Currently Westpac Banking Corporation has numerous branches and affiliates in Australia and New Zealand. It has an estimated labor force of about 37000 people from Australia, New Zealand and other parts of the world (The Westpac Group, n.d). Current Corporate Strategies One of the priorities of Westpac Group is to foster corporate responsibility into its business model. Its vision is to be a great Australian company in terms of place of work, customer experience, shareholder returns, and corporate citizen. Currently the company is working on understanding the customers’ needs in order to ensure maximum satisfaction. It is also aimed at service delivery of what it has promised. Strong relationship either with the employees or the public is crucial in any business’s success (The Westpac Group, n.d). The Westpac Company is working to ensure that it builds strong relationships which will ease service delivery. Part of Westpac Company’s vision is to promote corporate governance. To attain this, the company as at 2008 introduced some strategies to help in attaining this vision. One such strategy is to provide access to information on the website which can be accessed all over the world. It has been able to do this but c
Death is inevitable; nevertheless, very few people, if any, would claim not to fear this eventuality that each living soul must go through. Even if one wanted to die, the driving force would not be the sweetness of death; no, there has to be another compelling issue like protection of one’s beliefs or having lost the thrill of life among other pertinent issues. Socrates learned this fact the hard way and even though he says that, “death could be a dreamless sleep. We would not be anywhere anymore. We would not be conscious of anything” (Plato Para. 42), and still concur that he would not mind it, I still have one question, would I want to be annihilated even if this observation were true? From Socrates’ accounts as recorded by Plato in Socrates Apology, there emerge suggestive instances that point out perhaps, Socrates was afraid of death more than what modern literature might want to suggest. There are apposite issues that Socrates raised during his defense that would force to me conclude, I would not want to be annihilated at whatever cost. First, if death was as sweet as Socrates insinuates in his opinion, why did he take so long to defend cum bargain for his life before the Athenian jury? He only ‘hoped’ to succeed in his defense implying that he ‘hoped’ or rather wanted to live more than to die. If death were ‘a single night’ as Socrates suggests, he would have told his accusers to send him right away to this dreamless night that sounds better than living. Socrates was only out to defend his philosophical views, not that he preferred death to life. For instance, he says, “If I disobeyed the oracle because I was afraid of death…” (Plato Para. 56). In other words, Socrates is saying, if it were not for the oracle that supposedly confirmed him as the wisest man on earth, he would choose life for then, he would not be against anything ‘divine’. On other accounts, Socrates indicated strongly that he would rather die than compromise what he believed. Nevertheless, the question of whether he knew for sure death was as a dreamless slumber arises. Without any degree of certainty, Socrates divulges, “…no one knows whether death…may not be the greatest good” (Plato Para. 62). This uncertainty shows how the man who appears to be rooting for death on the outside, on the inside, the exact opposite is dominated. The fact that Socrates did not know for sure the ultimate good of death sends chills down my spine
There is a way to double the global economy, although it is underestimated by companies around the world. This surefire method is the development of female entrepreneurship which can help to raise the economy. Venture capital funds, civil society organizations, and large companies should play a key role in this process (Cornish, 2017). Their joint efforts should be aimed at solving a critical and at the same time underestimated problem: the lack of communities in which women entrepreneurs are provided with support and professional assistance. What difficulties and issues does women’s entrepreneurship face in the modern world? One of the main problems is the low availability of funding, as well as the weak viability of female startups, and the lack of growth (Alecchi, 2020). The key to solving these issues, according to researchers, is high-quality networking and the ease of access to the business community. Countries with easier access to the entrepreneurial community have smaller gender gaps in the performance and vitality of startups. Although many of the barriers that entrepreneurs face are common, women find it more difficult to overcome them. The main obstacles remain a lack of information, limited access to finance for starting a business, unfavorable tax policies, and difficult administrative procedures. Therefore, state policies should increase the economic opportunities of women by supporting those who start, formalize, or develop their businesses, as well as by integrating gender equality issues in the development of enterprises.