ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Scientific research provides evidence of the earth’s climate change as a result of human economic activity especially the ones that involve the combustion of fossil fuels to produce energy for domestic and industrial use. This challenge requires an effective worldwide response which can only be obtained through a clear understanding of the politics and economics of climate change with the identification of means and ways of minimizing mounting human costs. This should be done right now instead of waiting to see our lives being overrun by the rapid advancement of adversities. The most important question is not whether nations can afford the cost and the risks incurred in reducing the emissions, but whether they can fail to act on the problem of emissions by way of uniting the whole world in addressing this threat to the well being of human beings, natural vegetations and other living organisms in future. (Sterk, 2008 pp12 par1-3) Politics and economics of climate change The world requires a reasonable and well-argued approach to deal with the problem of negative climate change and luckily Nick Stern together with his team has provided a solution through what has come to be known as stern review which has provided an economic analysis of issues associated with a change of climate. The review states convincingly that there would be many benefits compared to costs if there is an international action in the mitigation of climate change. Today, there is scientific evidence to prove global warming and its effects are overwhelming but surprisingly some commentators, as well as lobby groups, are working hard to oppose actions to offset the effects basing their argument on the ground of competitiveness and economic benefits. (Sterk, 2008 pp13-14) The USA, china as well as major polluters in the world have failed to sign a treaty for international emissions pollution control and the main reason is that even when nations enter treaties with others, they do so to help themselves and not the partner as it happened in 1987 when the U.S.A was pushing hard for Montreal protocol in restriction of ozone-depleting chemicals. USA accepted protocol only after the cost-benefit analysis was able to convince President Reagan that the benefits would be more than losses because the ban on the chemicals would not be burdensome for most USA companies. However, there was strong resistance to the protocol from the majority of the developing countries which demanded a huge side payment from the developed countries which they were given. Side payments are very common and they refer to the payments or exceptions arrangements that are made whenever a group of nations are in need of cooperation of another country in an area of global relations and that country is not gaining in the proposed agreement. China
Introduction This paper aims to present a case study of Nike’s use of social media marketing, utilizing an example of the #YouCantStopUs campaign. It was launched amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and aimed to keep the audience engaged with the brand and convey the company’s message about equality. The campaign appeared to be very successful, generating massive feedback on social networks and bringing much value to the company’s business. Background Nike launched its #YouCantStopUs campaign in July 2020 on several social media platforms, including Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube. Although the campaign was comprised of visually appealing images and videos, it became viral after the release of the third video in the campaign. This 90-second film uses a split-screen to combine the footage of Asian, Black, Muslim, and White athletes doing different kinds of sports. Many of these athletes are widely known to the public, for example, Naomi Osaka, Cristiano Ronaldo, Serena Williams, and LeBron James. Soccer player Megan Rapinoe is the narrator in the ad, calling the audience not to give up during this difficult time. Apart from this video, Nike used other images and videos in this social media campaign. For example, in Nike’s tweet on Twitter entitled “Nothing can stop what we can do together,” the company used an image of hugging Black athletes and encouraged the audience to install the Nike app. In Nike’s Facebook profile, the company posted emotional videos featuring athletes. According to its official website, Nike also advertised online experiences under the name “You Can’t Stop Us Camp,” featuring famous athletes interacting with the audience. The Audience and Their Feedback The #YouCantStopUs campaign was intended for the American audience comprised of sports enthusiasts. The campaign turned out to be engaging and attracted much public attention. It was liked by many people, including celebrities and athletes. The videos gained millions of views on Twitter and YouTube the same day they appeared online. According to a blog post on Valens Research, entitled “You can’t stop us! This iconic brand made a mark with its impactful campaign during the trying times. [Fridays: Gorillas of Guerrilla Marketing],” by October 2020, the campaign’s videos received more than 90.5 million views on Twitter and 184 million views on YouTube. Nike’s post on Facebook, entitled “#YouCantStopUs: No matter what we’re up against, we are never too far down to come back,” has got 13 million views, 74,000 likes, and 690 comments. The company’s tweet called “Nothing can stop what we can do together. Y
Microblogging is relatively new social phenomenon of web 2.0 and a variant of blogging that allows instant and short messaging via mobile, in email or on the web (Ehrlich & Shami, 2010). Microblogs are short posts intended to update friends and/or interested observers on current affairs (that is interesting content, activities or observations). Some of the service providers for microblogs are Twitter, Jaiku and Pownce (Ehrlich & Shami, 2010). The character limit for a Tweet message is 140. With the increased desire for transparent governance, politicians (being people’s representatives) are motivated to connect with constituents via Twitter to keep them posted on issues they are working on (Chi & Yang, 2010). The politicians use Twitter to sell themselves as brands with the hope of gaining constituents (that is grassroots) support. The issues revolve around the individual politician’s manifesto, policies and/or development agenda, inter alia (Chi & Yang, 2010). Twitter provides easy and agile microblogging in a fluid network of subscribers for lightweight information updates and back-channeling on opinions, events as well as status. Nevertheless, there is no surety at hand whether the use of Twitter by politicians will enhance their public image or comprehensively deliver their intended information to constituents. Entities with past experiences on a populace opinion on particular topics may add value to a politician’s efforts to penetrate and appeal following (Chi & Yang, 2010). Web-enabled social bookmarking services allow students to manage personal bookmarks of web pages of interest, share them with colleagues (within and without classroom) as well as recommend or exchange inferences regarding particular contents. Tags as opposed to traditional file folders provide ease to organize bookmarks. Tags enhance search across bookmarked web pages. From a portfolio management perspective, students’ use of internet bookmark services provides opportunity to profile and understand individual or group learning process. Such insights can contribute to students’ critical thinking, communication skills as well as content mastery. Evaluating internet bookmarking activities may augment the o
Introduction In the vast field of medicine, biomimetics refers to the study of the functions of naturally occurring biological organisms and materials. The aim of such studies is to mimic the properties of these elements. The imitation can be in the form of human-made processes or systems. Biomimetics is derived from two Greek words. The two are bios , which means life, and mimesis , which means imitation (Kottoor 2013). The term was first used by Ottoschmit during the late 1950s. The main challenge in biomimetics is to find biomimetic materials that can be integrated with human tissues at the cellular level (Kottoor 2013). Technological advancements have made this possible to some extent. Scientists are hoping to make more breakthroughs in the near future. Use of Biomimetics in Restorative Dentistry The British Society for Restorative Dentistry provides a working definition of this concept. Restorative dentistry is defined as the study, analysis, and treatment of diseases occurring within the oral cavity. The treatment is concerned with the strength and functionality of human teeth. To understand how biomimetics is applied in dentistry, one must have basic knowledge of the tooth, specifically the pulp and the dentin regions (figure 1). According to Mauth et al. (2007), the pulp and the dentin have a common embryonic origin, which is the dental papilla. The two parts share a strong bond throughout the lifetime of the tooth. The relationship is referred to as the pulp-dentin complex (Mauth et al. 2007). Figure 1: Histological section through a molar of a young person Cm regenerative dentistry. They include regeneration of pulp tissues and stem cells. Stem Cell Therapy Stem cells are known for their ability to multiply. They are broadly categorised into two. They include adult and embryonic stem cells. Both possess the self-division property. In addition, they both grow in-vitro. It is the adult stem cells that are commonly used in medical practices. The reason is mainly due to the low number of ethical issues associated with the practice (Kottoor 2013). Stem cell therapy is considered to be one of the simplest ways of initiating cell regeneration process. Cells with regenerative properties, in this case the postnatal stem cells, are injected into the root canal of the damaged tooth. The most commonly used postnatal stem cells include SHED, DPSCs, and SCAP. The first category is made up of stem cells extracted from the human ‘milk’ teeth. DPSCs, on the other hand, are extracted from the dental pulp. On their part, SCAP are sourced from apical papilla (Garcia-Godoy & Murray 2006). The DPSCs are the most preferred stem cells due to their ability to regenerate a dentin. The resulting dentin is composed of mineralised matrix with tissues. It is also vascularised in a manner that is similar to what is found in a normal human dentin (Kottoor 2013). The formation of dentin is similar to that of bone. During the formation process, inorganic calcium phosphate is deposited in a matrix formed by a single layer of cells. On the crown area of the t
Instructional methods mean general principles used in classroom instructions. The choice of a method is depended on educational philosophy and what fits an instructor. The following are methods that will suit a 60-minute education program. The first one is lecture; this is an old method of teaching based on idealism philosophy. It involves explaining concepts by use of presentation (Kathleen et al.2003). The second method is a demonstration, this is whereby teaching is done by the use of visuals, posters, and PowerPoint. Besides, this method allows for step-by-step teaching of a concept by showing how. The third method is role play, this is a technique whereby learners pretend to be in a specific situation that they are not there at that moment. This method enables students to develop and reflect on knowledge of a certain topic. The choice for these methods is because they have a combination of critical thinking ability, and problem-solving skills and allow learners to collaborate and hence become more productive. The following are three ways to increase the effectiveness of teaching and improve the classroom experience. One is encouraging meaningful teacher-student interaction through learning their names and listening to their concerns. The second way is encouraging practical and active learning through making a connection of learning to the real-world materials and providing hands-on activities (Priscilla, 2003). The third way is to make the learning expectations and outcomes clear to learners so that they know what to expect from the program. The teach-back method in health literacy enables the health professional to know patients understanding of the information given. It is done by telling them to state the taught concept using their own words. When evaluating this, it is significant to have in mind that it is a test of how well the patients can explain a concept. Reference Kathleen Fitzgerald, Kara Keyes, K. (2003). Teaching Methods and Settings (2nd ed., pp. 459-545). Priscilla Sandford Worral. (2003). Evaluation in Healthcare Education. Nurse as educator: Principles of teaching and learning for nursing practice (2nd ed., pp.595-628).
Introduction Most people get into relationships without proper knowledge and insight into the factors that make a happy and successful marriage. Choosing a life partner entails a myriad of issues, including the partner’s background. Also, partners make significant impacts on one another. This paper will use two films [When Harry met Sally and Breaking Up] to explore the topic of choosing a life partner. Some people are guided by instincts to get the right life partner. The first film, When Harry met Sally, uses two characters, viz. Harry and Sally, to present the formation of a relationship in contemporary society. Harry and Sally meet as students at the University of Chicago. They have known each other for a long time, but they do not rush into a relationship until after twelve years of knowing each other. This film presents a real-life situation for two partners who take the time to factor out what they want in a relationship. Even though life presents many challenges, such partners weather the storms and stick together. The film connects well with the topic of finding a life partner by showing that different people can come on the way as possible partners, but when one takes time to make reasonable choices, s/he will find someone suitable to live with. The second film, Breaking Up, explores Steve and Monica’s lives as they date for two years and decide to marry despite the existing conflicts between them. The film shows that relationships face many challenges, which call for strong people to survive and by failing to address weaknesses leads to breaking up. If a relationship is sexually oriented, then the basics of finding the right partner are overlooked. This film connects well with the topic since it explores the implications of rushing to get a life partner. Choosing a life partner Selecting a life partner is unsophisticated, but people complicate the procedure when they opt for dubious means. This process involves the identification of a friend to determine if potential partners share some aspects in life before the friendship can grow to a relationship and if the relationship works for the partners, it results in marriage. This process does not entail free-choice mate selection where two people get attracted to each other through instincts and fall in love and get married in the process. Selecting a life partner involves deep understanding and love for each other together with figuring out what partners want in their lives. Some people marry by fate, while others are guided by self-esteem or lust, but they all hope for a good relationship. In modern life, people end up getting married for the wrong purposes. For instance, one might be compelled by society to marry and avoid the backlash associated with aging without a partner. Society disdains singlehood at age 40 more than it does for a troubled marriage at the same age. The single person might not be far from enjoying a successful marriage, but the troubled couples end up i
The issue of medication errors is one of the most relevant to the healthcare system problem. During the practicum, I observed that even professional clinicians could make dangerous for the patient’s safety errors due to the high pressure and multitask activities. Organizing an effective system workflow can be helpful in medication errors prevention. Particular scientific concepts and emerging technologies can improve the effective system workflow in nursing. The specifically adapted communication system can significantly fasten the information exchange, decreasing medication errors risks. Thus, one of the technologies which can make nurses’ communication easier and faster is the clinical communication platform (Ajuwond et al., 2018). Another approach to enhance the nurses’ productivity and attentiveness through the system workflow development is the usage of electronic health records systems. According to the practical research, such a system significantly alleviates the nurses’ work, allowing them to be more concentrated and make fewer mistakes (Abraham et al., 2017. The last concept which can be efficient in improving the system workflow in nursing is technologically-conditioned training using virtual reality (VR) (Chen et al., 2020). This scientific research proves that VR medical training increases the productiveness of nurses and reduces medication errors. From my observation, I would like to emphasize that all three mentioned the medical organization applied concepts during the practicum experience. The VR technologies prepare nurses for the work in real-life conditions, while the electronic health records systems helped them manage a considerable flow of the data in practice. However, even though the clinical communication platform was used, the nurses lacked technological awareness and could not deal with the applications effectively. Speaking about approaching the problem of medication errors, I would offer to design the program to allow the nurses to increase their technological awareness and apply emerging technologies more productively. Staff training is a vi
Introduction It is a hard thing to pledge loyalty to a country that is not your own; that is, a country that is not your ancestral or original homeland. This becomes evident with a situation whereby one is required to defend a country in which he/she has acquired citizenship either through birth, registration or neutrality or especially in case of a war outbreak between the two countries; the mother land and the alien land. This incident was experienced after the World War II, between the Americans and the Nisei people of Japanese origin, where the Japanese living in America was to serve in the American army by defending the country against any form of opposition, both within or without America. The anti- Americans were forced to sign some loyalty questions to the American government; this was done while they had already been taken to the internee’s camps where they underwent a lot of physical, economical and psychological torture. According to the American chief of the armed forces, for one to be a true American, race and origin was not important but total dedication emanating from the heart and mentality to protect the country’s autonomy and social equality. It was therefore difficult to the Nisei to decide their position especially on matters pertaining to the two loyalty questions presented to them, a situation that can befall anyone in a foreign country. Considering the fact that the alien country, is where one lives and has accumulated most of her/his wealth, it becomes reasonable to show loyalty to the country though this action can also result into negatives to the people back in the original land and the aliens still in the country. To the question whether I will be willing to serve in the armed forces of the United states on combat duty wherever ordered, my response will be no, because of the following reasons; firstly, fighting for the American country in order to show loyalty will not be an action enough to save my fellows who are in the camps, especially the innocent young children and women from the torture they undergo. The same liberty and freedom I will be fighting for will be denied my own people living in the country; this is evident through their denial to the right of shelter, food and clothing. Therefore, it will be with no benefit joining the army as long as I
Veja can be viewed as a company that strives to improve the environmental sustainability of its operations. This policy can be explained by several factors. First of all, this organization strives to gain the loyalty of ethical consumers who are concerned about the practices of manufacturers. Secondly, in this way, the management of Veja attempts to establish a partnership with various local suppliers. On the whole, this strategy gives the business a competitive advantage over others. These are the main strategies implemented at Veja. First of all, it should be noted that Veja strives to improve its environmental sustainability to practices fair trade with suppliers. For instance, this organization purchases rubber for its footwear at a premium. Therefore, local farmers are not forced to engage in such practices as wood extraction, land cleaning, or cattle breathing (Beavis 2012). This approach enables the company to preserve local forests. This example confirms the idea that fair trade is conducive to environmental sustainability (Warrier 2010, p. 94). Moreover, this organization cooperates only with those suppliers that do not use pesticides while growing cotton (Beavis 2012). One can say that this organization ensures that its business partners do not pose a threat to nature. This environmental sustainability is one of the things that distinguish Veja from many other businesses that operate in Brazil. In
Executive Summary SFAS 130 requires an entity to report comprehensive income and the components of other comprehensive income in a full set of financial statements. The objective of this standard is to report all items that meet the definition of comprehensive income, specifically in a financial statement in the period of recognition of those items of comprehensive income. The purpose of this essay is to summarize the major issues taken up by SFAS 130 with regard to comprehensive income and also to emphasize the effects of different methods of calculations of comprehensive income suggested by SFAS 130. Comprehensive Income “Comprehensive Income is defined as the change in equity of a business during a period from transactions of non- owners. Shareholders are the owners of the corporation or entity. Therefore, the transactions between entity and shareholders are not part of components of comprehensive income.”(Whittington and Delaney, page 164). Simply, comprehensive income is the net change in owner’ equity, excluding the effects of investments by owners and distributions to owners. As a result, comprehensive income includes all the components that make up net income. In addition, several items that are reported as adjustments directly to stockholders’ equity and that are not included in the computation of net income are included in comprehensive income. Paragraph 15 of SFAS 130 has divided the comprehensive income into two parts, namely net income and other comprehensive income . The entities that do not have other comprehensive income need not report comprehensive income. Other Comprehensive income Adjustments that are directly made to shareholders’ equity make up a component of comprehensive income referred to as other comprehensive income . Paragraph 17 of SFAS 130 describes the classification of other comprehensive income. The paragraph states that “items included in other comprehensive income shall be classified based on their nature. For example, under existing accounting standards, other comprehensive income shall be classified separately into foreign currency items, gains or losses associated with pensions or post-retirement benefits, prior service costs or credits associated with a pension or other post-retirement benefits, transition assets or obligations associated with pensions or other post-retirement benefits, and unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities. Additional classification or additional it