ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
First of all let me express my enormous respect and sincere admiration to the person who managed to become the spokesman for civil rights movements, who resisted racial injustice, who championed women’s rights and protested the Vietnam War. I would like to begin with what stroke me most. It is the feeling of surprise and shock when I became aware of the injustice that Negroes experienced in the past. It was weird that the Afro-Americans who lived on the territory of the United States of America did not enjoy equal rights and freedoms with white people. It is not fair that people had to suffer from the racial prejudices and different biased opinions. Every citizen of the great country America has to be protected with the Articles and Amendments of the Constitution of the United States of America. As this document played a significant role in the establishment of democracy, considerable part and the authors’ contribution into the struggle of the people for independence of America and the establishment of democracy. All the people of America were looking forwards to the day when all will become equal irrespective of the social status, color of skin, religion, background or nobility. Martin Luther King was absolutely right while calling the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence ‘a promissory note’, as it is a document, containing a signed promise to do something. In our situation the document was not valid until present days when the United States of America became a powerful state that is the standard of democracy, the basic principles of which are stated in the Constitution. Therefore other states that want to establish democracy should follow the example of the American people of their love of principles of freedom, democracy and independence. Whereas every newborn child of America can enjoy the constitutional rights and liberties from the first moment of his/her life, most states of the world do not have such an opportunity, do not enjoy either constitutional or other rights in their country. We and the successive generations have to keep in our hearts the basic principles of freedom and democracy, because the time proved them to be the only right opinion. The speech of Mr. King made me think over our relationships with people that do not look like us, speak another language; people that wake up when we go to bed as they live on the other side of the globe, people that have other customs and traditions. We can enumerate a great number of diversities that can arise between people o
Bell’s Palsy Bell’s palsy refers to paralysis of the face as a result of a defect in the facial nerve. Approximately 30,000-40,000 Americans are affected by this condition (National Institute of Health, 2011). Signs and symptoms Symptoms are restricted to one side and may include eating or drinking with difficulty, drooling, drooping of the eyelid, twitching of facial muscles, headache, dry mouth or eye among other signs. Diagnosis can be done by Magnetic resonance imaging, CT scan or by testing nerve conduction. Treatment is often unnecessary unless in severe cases. Corticosteroids are commonly used. Electrical stimulation may also be applied (Peitersen, 2002).
Introduction The illustration of the Palestinian situation and events experienced in the 20 th century can be analyzed through the examination of the most prominent literary works of that time. It is necessary to underline the fact that 1948 is considered to be the true catastrophe in the life of Palestinians, called ‘Nakba’; the period when the population was expelled from native homes by Israeli forces, due to Israel state creation, preceded by civil war. It is important to stress that such works as, ‘Men in the Sun’ by Ghassan Kanafani, ‘Memory for Forgetfulness’ by Manmoud Darwish, and ‘Palestine’ by Joe Sacco, managed to reflect all the sufferings of Palestinian Arabs through the destruction of their land and national displacement. Palestinians The story ‘Men in the Sun’ written by Ghassan Kanafani is dedicated to the disclosure of the Palestinian dream; beliefs in prosperity and freedom to become the stimulus for their national life. It is necessary to stress the idea that the author depicted tragedy and human sufferings through dramatizing the life of the society in the 20 th century; it is the expression of Palestinian identity from the period of their oppression sufferings. The illustration of Palestinian strangers is demonstrated through their burden of the past; the central concepts are based on inertia, frustr
All the persons’ rights and freedoms are fixed in the Constitution, and they are regulated according to the definite laws. In the USA, the rights should be considered as a form of protection for each person. However, when the issue of Miranda Rights is discussed many people do not know the real meaning of the warning presented by policemen, while taking any person into custody. Those words which are often perceived by the public as the usual warning are important to protect the persons, and the Miranda Warning is used as the statement of the right against self-incrimination. Nevertheless, the Miranda Warning had not been used as the obligatory preventive procedure before 1966, when the case of Ernesto Miranda was discussed. When people do not know their rights they can become the victims of their irresponsibility that is why the Miranda Warning can be considered as the necessary procedure to familiarize people with their rights and avoid the situation of self-incrimination. The Miranda Warning is the statement of the rights provided for the person who is taken into custody. The procedure should be realized before the interrogation process is started. It is the obligation of policemen to inform the arrested person that he or she can remain silent before the attorney is present. There are several variants of the Miranda Warning, and they can be various in different states. The most typical warning starts with “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you” (What are your Miranda Rights?, 2007). It is also necessary to receive the positive answer to the question “Do you understand the rights I have just read to you?” (What are your Miranda Rights?, 2007). When this question is not answered because the person does not know the language or cannot provide the answer because of the definite disabilities, the necessary conditions should be c
The Bruce Morrison family as collateral. The major reason for this is that it has the nuclear family element within it. Other elements that give this family the collateral pattern is the care given to members of the extended family as well as the attention paid to these members. Bruce is concerned about his sick father and feels guilty that he has left the entire care to his sister. There is also the presence of Tara; a grandchild to Bruce and Maria (Kaakinen, Gedaly-Duff, Coehlo & Hanson 2010, pp.3-6). Does this family have specific characteristics that make life good or difficult for its members? The Morrison family has many features that make life good for the family members. The love between Maria and Bruce has kept the two together and this has helped bring up the children in a respectable manner. Perfection may be absent but this is a happy family to a large extent. This is due to the absence of conflicts
Nowadays, there is a great necessity in precise and efficient remedies that are able to determine the state of a person and factors which can have a pernicious influence on his/her personality or personal development. With this in mind, it is possible to say that the Clark-Beck Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory is a very important remedy within the framework of modern science. It was developed with the intention to determine the frequency and complexity of compulsive and obsessive symptoms peculiar to a person. The list consists of 25 symptoms and short descriptions of a state connected with them. A respondent should choose the points which can describe his/her state during the last two weeks. There are certain norms and conditions connected with this very inventory. First of all, a respondent should choose the grade, which can show the level of the manifestation of a certain symptom. That is why he/she is able to use numbers from 0 to 3. Moreover, usually, only 15 minutes are given for the administration of this test. However, in some cases, it can be extended to 30 minutes. Additionally, there should be a special manual that can explain the way in which this test should be accomplished. Results obtained with the help of this inventory are calculated and interpreted in reference to some important ranges. That is why the manual, which supports this test, should be clear and understandable in order to obtain the most precise results. As it becomes obvious from the title of the inventory, the measure, frequency, and severity of compulsive and obsessive symptoms are determined with the help of this very remedy. Describing his/her state with the help of a special checklist and using a certain scale, a person can give a prompt to a specialist about his/her current state and, moreover, he/she will be able to understand factors that influence him/her at the moment. Besides, with the help of this very inventory, some additional disorders such as depression or some other kinds of phobias can be discovered. With this in mind, it is possible to admit the great importance of this remedy for modern science. The thing is that the modern age can be characterized by the great level of stress. High tempo of life and rivalry lead to appearance of different disorders among people and these disorders can make their lives unbearable. Resting on these facts, it is possible to say that further development of Clark-Beck Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory is absolutely necessary. This remedy should become more precise and efficient for specialists be able to obtain even more information about disorders which make people suffer. With this in mind, it is possible to suggest creation of some additional criteria which will be able to help respondents to determine their state better. Moreover, lists of symptoms can also be enlarged. Being rather efficient measure, CBOCI, however, is not ideal and that is why the question about its reliability appears. The thing is, tha
Introduction Mental illness is a condition where the normal thinking, feeling, and relational patterns of a human’s mind are interfered with. As a result of mental disturbance, a mental illness patient’s brain capacity is reduced to an extent that it cannot function normally and treatment becomes necessary. However, since mental illness is a long-term disease too many resources are spent in its treatment and more so the society loses a lot of potentials since the capability of otherwise able adolescent students in the society is greatly reduced. Unlike many other diseases that are common only in some geographical places and in peoples of different gender and age, mental illness is unfortunately universal and it affects all people groups and gender, we find that this stigmatization in schools has led to unequal performance among other factors in schools (Warren, 2005). Justification of the Issue Type of project developed to address the issue The health sector plays an important part in the social-economic welfare of any given nation. Since time immemorial nations have spent a tremendous amount of wealth in studies and research so as to establish the most prevalent and dangerous diseases not only for health reasons but also for economic reasons. However, many governments have downplayed the mental health status of their nations oblivious of not only the increasingly wider population that it is affecting but also the social- economics repercussions it is having on ignorant nations. A problem diagnosed is halfway solved and just like sensitization of HIV/Aids virus infection helped in preventing its spread, and victims’ stigmatization, this paper is intended to sensitize governments and the adolescent students at school on the effects mental illness is having both on the social status of the adolescent students and also the stigma associated with it (Kemshall, 2002). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Department of Chronic Diseases and Health promotion, depression which is the second disabling mental illness after schizophrenia will be among the three leading illnesses in the world by the year 2030. That being the case, prevention measures must be taken if nations intend to face the next 10 years bravely and with anticipated success. However, mental health prevention suffers a big blow; stigmatization. Whenever a student exhibits symptoms of mental illness, stigma takes precedence instead of treatment. First, the adolescent students are labeled and called all sorts of names which can be very harmful to the student’s emotional health. Once a student has been labeled, (psycho, Zombie, etc), it becomes very hard for them to present themselves for treatment or special attention in the institution. Consequently, division and discrimination begin and the victim and or his family is left to deal with the situation alone (Warren, 2005). There are reasons that though not factual, make the students feel justified to stigmatize mental health victims. Due to a lack of understanding, people do
Introduction The issue of the Caribbean identity has been explored by a few people, most of whom try to define what the Caribbean identity entails. The University of West Indies was established to address the higher education needs of the 17 English-speaking Caribbean countries and territories. However, the institution has the vision to be an excellent global university rooted in the Caribbean. Therefore, it can be argued that the university embraces globalization while at the same time attempting to retain the Caribbean identity. Therefore, the main question is whether such an objective can be accomplished. The focus of this article will be to address this question, which means exploring the possibility and pathways to fulfilling the University of West Indies’ vision. The issue of the Caribbean identity is explored before the threats of globalization and approaches pathways can be outlined. The Caribbean Identity To fully answer the question posed above, it is important to first determine what the university means by the phrase “Caribbean identity.” In other words, it means asking the same question posed by Nelson (2021) on what is meant by “Caribbean.” The essence of this approach is that there are many ways to define the Caribbean, including its past, boundaries, modern trading and economic blocks, or even the shared postcolonial democratic experiences of the African, European, and Asian descendants currently occupying the islands. Accordi
The foremost reason why I think W.H. Auden’s poem The Unknown Citizen represents a particularly high literary value is that themes and motifs, explored in it, reflect the discursive realities of a modern living. At their turn, these realities are being concerned with the process of people growing increasingly disfranchised from their sense of self-identity. This, however, causes them to experience the emotionally disturbing sensation of an existentialist ‘anonymousness’. In my paper, I will aim to explore the validity of this suggestion at length. When readers get to be exposed to The Unknown Citizen for the first time, many of them end up experiencing the sensation of a cognitive dissonance. This is because, even though the name of this poem implies the lack of a factual information about the citizen in question, the poem’s actual body contains a detailed description of what kind of a man the concerned individual was: “He worked in a factory and never got fired, But satisfied his employers, Fudge Motors Inc… And had everything necessary to the Modern Man, A phonograph, a radio, a car and a frigidaire… He was married and added five children to the population” (Auden par. 1). Nevertheless, after having read the poem, they begin to realize the actual rationale that prompted Auden to name his poetic masterpiece, in the way he did. Apparently, the author wanted to advance the idea that our possession of the statistical data about a particular deceased individual, does not provide us with an insight as to what were the qualitative aspects of his or her stance in life. This is the reason why, even after having found out about the ‘unknown citizen’ just about everything they could, readers usually do not get closer to understanding what accounted for his actual individuality: “Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd: Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard” (par. 1). Hence, the philosophical implication of Auden’s poem – despite the fact that in today’s world people can well enjoy a number of life-comforts (due to their ability to afford buying technological gadgets), they nevertheless remain ‘anonymous, in the existentialist sense of this word. This simply could not be otherwise, because nowadays, it is specifically people’s willingness to suppress their individuality, while leading thoroughly conventional lifestyles, which defines their chances of securing well-paid jobs and attaining a social prominence. However, the same willingness, on these people’s part, makes them less likely to leave a mark in history, while increasing their likelihood to be turned into a nameless ‘cannon meat’, during the time of wa
Despite the progress of the last century on ensuring the equal rights for both genders, there are still issues that have to be addressed by the global society. These matters are important since it has been proven that gender equality in education, for instance, positively affects the economic growth of countries (Amin, Kuntchev, & Schmidt, 2015, p. 18). While education does not present a problem in the West, some parts of the world still need to address the literacy level issue to improve their prosperity level. Global Dimension Different parts of the world are challenged by the gender inequality issues in ways, which vary depending on the economic state. Western countries, for example, discuss the problems of different wages of men and women who have the same positions. Arguments also surround such matters as whether women are allowed to be priests, should they comply with the standard image of an attractive person, or should they pay more for products targeted at women if these products are the same as the ones targeted at males. In the developing countries, the issues are much more fundamental. They cover such topics as education, human and political rights, household rules, and work regulations. Women are commonly known to stay at home and to follow the family’s opinion in a case of choosing a career path. Home and family are usually perceived to be the primary values. Thus, the economy does not receive enough qualified workers, which has an adverse effect on it. Various studies prove that educating females results in social and private benefits (Grosh & Baker, 1995, p. 67). Although some researchers do not link the female education to the economic growth (Bandiera & Natraj, 2013, p. 17), providing education to girls along with stressing the importance of it in public is the first step in creating the country’s welfare. National Dimension The UAE has changed some of its gender policies over the past decades. Nowadays, women can get a good education and further occupy various positions in governmental, banking, and business sectors. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. For example, women still cannot travel without a male relative, or they are frequently punished for crimes such as rape committed towards them. All of these problems take their roots from the religious beliefs. One of them calls for wearing clothes that cover most of the woman’s body. However, there are exceptions, as it is widely known that women in closed territories of expensive universities usually dress in a Euro
Introduction Recycling is the process whereby used things are converted to new things. This is done with the intention of reducing the wastage of wasteful materials and also to try and avoid the excessive use of fresh raw materials and the reduction of energy use, environmental pollution, and also to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas. It has vast usage in modern-day waste management. 1 There exist a large range of recyclable materials, which include plastics, glass, textiles, electronics, and paper. These things are collected and then cleaned and processed into new materials, which can be used. In the strict meaning, the recycling of these materials would mean that they would be recycled to produce exactly the same materials. However, this is not practicable because the production of the same materials tends to be very expensive. It is in this respect that the meaning of recycling encompassed the usage of materials to make other materials without necessarily making the new materials from fresh raw materials. A good example is a paper that is recycled to produce cardboard among other materials. 2 Critics have argued that recycling is more expensive than it is capable of saving. Recycling economics deals in analyzing the cost-effectiveness of recycling. Critics also say that it does more harm than good to the environment and social patterns of any community. This essay will try to investigate if recycling makes an economical gain or loss. Economic benefits Recycling has some very valuable economic benefits. It is responsible for creating jobs and offers manufacturing industries feedstock and improves a country’s economy generally. This is done when recycled materials are transformed into new and usable products which are then sold. In employment creating recycling involves various processes, which helps in creating employment opportunities for people. There is a collection of materials that involves private and government-related collectors. There is also the material recovery that also creates employment opportunities for people and there are also the composting and selling institutions that also account for a large number of direct and indirect employment opportunities. Many people leap economic benefits from the employment opportunities created by the recycling collection, processing, and distribution of the manufactured goods 3 . It also involves recycling and manufacturing which also creates employment opportunities. Manufacturing industries in steels mills, paper conversion, and plastic conversion are responsible for a high number of employment opportunities. There is also the addition of nonferrous metal manufacturers that also adds employment opportunities to many people. It also has a downstream