ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Schizophrenia is among many psychiatric disorders that have been identified my medical professionals. It is a disorder which is characterized by hallucinations, loss of reality, improper reasoning as well as poor social and occupation functioning. A person’s emotions are also affected as it is a psychiatric disorder. Although research has been conducted, the exact cause of the problem is not actually known. However, the available research illustrates that there is enough evidence to suggest that genetics may have a great role to play in the whole issue. It manifests mostly in the adolescence stage and it affects men and women equally. The prevalence rate of the disease is around 1% in the whole world and despite the fact that its rate is higher among the poor; there is no much difference from one culture to another (Bustillo, 2008). There is a lot of information on schizophrenia and this essay shall narrow down to signs and symptoms as well as to the main methods of treatment. In addition, the essay shall also focus on the roles of a biopsychologist and neuroscientist in the research. In the View of the fact that schizophrenia is a chronic illness, it progresses in different phases. In many instances, patients seek treatment after experiencing symptoms for a period of one or two years. The first phase is referred as premorbid phase and is characterized by symptoms such as coping difficulties, anhedonia as well as different perception problems. However, it is important to note that in many cases, such symptoms are too mild to be noticed. The next phase is known as the prodromal phase and is characterized by subclinical symptoms like disorganization, irritability, disorganization and perceptual distortions, to mention just a few. The middle phase is characterized by the same symptoms but they are usually more severe. In the last phase, the disease may stabilize or start all over again (Bustillo, 2008). Upon diagnosis, there are several ways that can be used to treat the disorder which are inclusive of antipsychotic drugs, rehabilitation and psychotherap
Referral number 2005/1098. My response to the Australian Hydroponics and Greenhouse Association’s (AHGA) proposal to import Bombus terrestris audux. I am strongly opposed to the idea proposed by the AHGA, which seeks to take bumblebee species to mainland Australia. It is worth noting that the position is based on a solid background of scientific aspects that must be considered when taking such an action. In fact, it is my view that such a move would result in major negative impacts on wildlife in Australia. The views of the AHGA are based on the fact that mainland Australia is facing shortcomings with regard to pollination (Stout & Morales 2009). Therefore, the bees would be aimed at increasing the rates at which pollination takes place. The comments in this paper recognise that the importation of the B. Terrestris bees would be part of the approaches that would be aimed at encouraging people to adopt biological pest management and to focus on improving crop yields. The initial proposal to manage bees in greenhouses was made in 1997 by two persons who thought that the move would result in significant improvements in harvests that farmers realise from greenhouse farming. The individuals were Goodwin and Steiner. Their proposal was motivated by the fact that the adoption of modern applications in the greenhouses in the nation would lead to higher levels of food sustainability (Jandt et al 2014). In fact, the growth of vegetables and other crops in the modern structures (greenhouses) is gaining momentum due to many advantages that are associated with the type of farming. From a historical standpoint, people commenced rearing bumblebees commercially in the last half of the 1980s (Stelzer, Raine, Schmitt & Chittka 2010). To illustrate the interest that was generated by the move, it is estimated that there were nineteen firms across the world that focused on growing the organisms to sell to both small-scale and large-scale farmers (Stout & Morales 2009). The AHGA is quite positive about the economic gains that would be achieved by the nation. Specifically, it is approximated that the economic benefits of using the pollinators would be equivalent to A$40 million yearly. The proponents of the initiative have also argued that Australia is the only nation across the world that does not have good access to various technologies that involve the use of bumblebees by farmers. Thus, it has been asserted that this has delayed the pace at which both local and foreign investors spend in the industry
Introduction The play All’s Well That Ends Well by William Shakespeare is a wonderful juxtaposition of John Stuart Mill’s Act Utilitarianism and the social contract theory by Hobbes. The main aspects of these two theories are reflected in the attributes of characters like Helena and Bertram. While Helena represented the lower class of the society and believed in the Utilitarianism values to the road of success, Bertram was much inclined towards the elements of social contract theory and its application. Act Utilitarianism and Helena John Stuart Mill’s Act Utilitarianism represents all ethical theories where the goal is the maximization of some measure of goodness. These are outcome-oriented ethics where goodness is measured by its results. In other words, Utilitarianism is a doctrine that confirms whether or not actions have been beneficial to a large group, once applied. It can be stated that identification of criminal before the crime is committed is a part of Act Utilitarianism in the sense that the assumption of a crime is presumably error-free. This method is utilized in subculture identification in the context of criminal justice. A violent subculture is a subculture in a location that teaches its members and others to adapt to the problems of life through violent methods. These subcultures stress violence as it settles disputes and raises a group member’s prestige in the subculture. Violence shows dominance and power. One of the reasons for violent subcultures is the illegitimate and legitimate opportunity structure. The legitimate opportunity structure provides individuals with the means of obtaining status and success in society through appropriate channels such as education and hard work. (Williamson, 97-107) While this structure is ideal, it is not available for all individuals in society, especially those in violent subcultures, due to poor education, poverty, and other societal problems. This is the context of Helena and her persuasion for Bertram is the end goal of her life and she could undertake any method to reach her goal. Her position in society is conveyed by his dialogue: “ The Count Rousillon cannot be my brother: I am from humble, he from the honored name; No note upon my parents, his all noble: My master, my dear lord he is; and I His servant lives, and will his vassal die: He must not be my brother .” (Shakespeare, 1) However, she must take any means possible to marry him and that includes fraud. Similarly, some of the positive ways that the Mill’s Act Utilitarianism theory has benefited criminology has been through the development of new theories that do not discriminate against others and do not support lawful inhumane behaviors. Another positive benefit has been the development of a variety of social programs to benefits criminals. These social programs are designed to intervene before an individual develops deviant behaviors
Legal issues are complex and multifaceted the world over, hence the need for clients to invest in credible and qualified counsel to guide them in the legal process. Individuals seeking justice for perceived criminal or civil wrongs often end up misrepresenting facts or entangling themselves with costly legal suits due to lack of adequate exposure to legal proceedings. For instance, in the absence of qualified counsel, only a few victims would independently wade through the waters of tough legal matters involved in deciding whether to take a settlement package or pursue litigation. The present paper purposes to illuminate some varied advantages that the counsel may avail in helping a client decide whether to take a legally abiding settlement package or continue with litigation proceedings. The benefits of involving the counsel are many and varied. First, the advocate is better placed than the client to perform a cost/benefit analysis that would not only contemplate the potential litigation results and potential settlement outcomes, but also the shorter-term and longer-term costs that may be involved. This way, the victim would know which way to proceed for maximum benefits. Second, it is beneficial to engage the counsel when making such a decision as they are better placed to advise the victim on a multiplicity of rights under the legal jurisdiction. Many victims end up losing court battles or entitled settlement packages due to inadequate knowledge and/or ignorance of their rights under the law. Third, it would appear prudent to engage the counsel as they have the legal capacity to make decisions on whe
Executive Summary This paper is a business strategy analysis of Royal Caribbean Cruise Company, which is the second largest cruise company in the world. Its business success mostly hinges on an elaborate market segmentation strategy that generates revenues by selling different types of products to different types of clients. The same broad business strategy has seen the company offer multiple cruise packages to suit the needs of different types of clients. Based on this strategy, this paper proposes that the company needs to focus on building its business around emerging markets because this is where most of the potential for market growth exists. Furthermore, based on a review of Royal Caribbean’s external market (PEST analysis) and internal market (SWOT) analysis, we find that focusing on the social media strategy should be the first strategic choice of the company because it aligns with its growth trajectory and capabilities. Particularly, this paper draws our attention to Asia, where the greatest potential for growth exists and demonstrates that focusing on this market would require the effective execution of a robust social media-marketing plan. Introduction The Royal Caribbean Cruise Company is arguably one of the leading cruise companies in the world. Founded in 1968, the shipping company has six brands, which provide contemporary and premium cruise packages to different groups of customers (Cederholm 2015). This paper evaluates the company’s business level generic strategies, directions of strategic development, and strategic factors affecting the execution of its business plan. The goal of this assessment is to provide solutions for enhancing the company’s strategic focus. Business Level Generic Strategies Royal Cruise Company’s passenger market mix includes three main components – a broad passenger market mix, an elaborate internationalisation strategy, and a robust technological strategy. Passenger Market Mix Royal Cruise Company’s strategy mostly focuses on increasing brand awareness to different groups of customers (Fabbi 2013). This strategy also includes capitalising on the portability and flexibility of its ships to exploit different market opportunities in different parts of the world. The aim of this strategy is to exploit new market opportunities, while at the same time catering to the needs of the local market (Mancini 2010). It also aligns with the company’s quest to expand its passenger market mix. Internationalisation Strategy As part of its generic business strategy, the Royal Caribbean Company has six different types of ships to cater to different customer segments (Cederholm 2015). Most of them are in different locations around the world to provide prompt services to its varied customer groups. Traditionally, the company has mostly focused its marketing strategy in the United States, but as of 2008, the number of ticket sales outside the states has steadily grown from 40% to 46% (Cederholm 2015). Royal Cruise Ship’s international marketing strategy has seen it establish off
Published in the 2004, Reconquest and crusade in medieval Spain , illustrates how the clash between Muslims and Christians in the Iberian Peninsula later became a crusade. According to the author, Joseph F. O’Callaghan, the clash, which took place between the 12 th and 13 th centuries, was propagated by the papacy. As described in the book, popes supported those Christian warriors that were willing to participate in the war against Muslims by allowing them to enjoy benefits equal to those who went to the Holy Land. In his analysis, O’Callaghan affirms that any study involving the history of crusaders must factor in the Mediterranean approach in order to include the famous Medieval Spain (O’Callaghan 22). This essay focuses on the book, by synthesizing a summation of chapter two of the author’s main ideas that helped or led to the Reconquest. Analysis The author exposes these events in a chronological manner throughout the period before proceeding to other aspects of military, finance and the impact of crusading. Towards the end of the book, O’Callaghan analyses the later stages of Reconquest and the entire Crusade, covering the fall of Granada in the year 1492. By the time of the Second Vatican Council of 1963, several crusading bulls were still being used as offering to Spanish. Despite the fact that the events described by O’Callaghan took place several centuries ago, there are events that constantly remind the world of the impact of these occurrences, which led to the Holy War, Crusades, and the birth of Jihad among other factors (O’Callaghan 34). The second chapter of this book covers a period that is considered central and significant in unraveling the events that led to the Reconquest. In this chapter, the author intensively covers crusading, reconquering ideologies and pilgrimage activities. Importantly, most of these activities happened simultaneously with the dissolving of the Caliphate and the rising of the taifas within Peninsula (O’Callaghan 25). These uprising groups only fought smaller Christian groups but also i
Constructing policy alternatives to address the identified issue is an essential part of effective social policy analysis. According to Jansson (2018), strategies need to be revised in some scenarios, and a number of factors can impact policy proposals, such as economic changes, new leaders, opponents’ effective coalition, or others. As identified in the previous parts of this assignment, the policy proposed focuses on creating a school-based religious freedom club appealing primarily to students, as well as community members, non-profit organizations, and policy-makers. This paper aims to identify and discuss a policy alternative to address the social problem of religious persecution. Policy Alternative and the Necessary Changes The primary goal of the proposed policy is to raise awareness of religious persecution in a local community and involve the youth in the discourse about religious freedom. This social project relies on the board’s support and funding which implies the need for demonstrating its effectiveness and long-term positive impact on the community. In case of limited funding options or the inability to provide the statistical support sufficient to have the board’s approval and support, it is necessary to consider a policy alternative. The alternative proposed suggests changes at a local level, similar to the first project option. It involves implementing training on religious freedom for students and school staff. Such a policy suggests the creation of a platform that contains various materials on freedom of belief, as well as offering learning courses for interested individuals. The alternative approach offers lower associated costs due to its less broad nature while still aiming to raise the local audience’s awareness of the problem and involve the youth in the dialogue. As reported by McNutt (2011), a cost-benefit analysis might be required as “one of the most comprehensive approaches to project selection” (p. 402). It is worth noting that the policy alternative can become a fundamental step towards the implementation of future projects targeting the youth and raising awareness regarding religious liberty. Social Work Values and Alternative Policy’s Feasibility The policy’s feasibility and compliance with social work values are two other essential aspects to consider. As reported by DiFranks (2008), the NASW Code of Ethics highlights social justice, the dignity of the person, and competence among the social work core values. Hence, the proposed policy promotes essential ethical principles by raising students’ and staff’s competency and emphasizing the fair approach to everyone regardless of their religious beliefs. The feasibility of the alternative is primarily economic since it takes financial constraints into account an
Introduction To reiterate, the research purpose is that of investigating the attributes of workplace bullies. The corresponding research question is therefore articulated as: is there a distinctive set of antecedents, a unique social and psychological profile that distinguishes potential bullies? With respect to antecedents, this study will focus on the possible role of dysfunctional upbringing and present home life and prominent traits of workplace bullies? In the medium and long term, the goal is for organizations to embark on interventions to reduce the great prevalence of intimidation the literature informs us about by strengthening screening procedures for new hires and raising vigilance for those already in the workforce. Accordingly, the research design should be capable of testing several null hypotheses about such independent variables as abuse in early childhood, childrearing that condoned physically aggressive behavior and a single-parent household. Two other null hypotheses will test for correlation with present domestic violence and productivity at work on the part of both bullies and their victims. Highlights of the Literature on Bullying Estimates about the prevalence of adult bullying, chiefly in the workplace of course, vary widely. Matthiesen and Einarsen (2007) report the low end of three to four percent quantified from large-sample studies in Scandinavia, where empirical work first emerged on bullying in the workplace (as opposed to the common schoolyard variety). This may be an underestimate, based on estimates of ten percent arrived at in Finland and the UK (Hoel and Cooper, 2000; Vartia, 1996). Domestically, the situation seems much more serious: over one-third (37%) of American workers claim to have been bullied at one time or another in the past (Workplace Bullying Institute, 2007). Zeroing in on “currently experiencing” to align more closely with the Scandinavian time frames of at least six months’ sustained bullying experience, the nationwide prevalence of 13% seems more comparable. The Link with Aggression Griffin and Gross (2004) maintain that bullying is merely one subset of the entire complex of aggressive behaviors, whether these manifest in the workplace or earlier, in school. Merely saying, as Einarsen (2000) does, that bullying constitutes “negative treatment” (albeit sustained and to a victim who cannot easily defend himself) does not quite do justice to the aftereffects of such treatment. Rather, the essential elements are that the perpetrator displays hostile verbal behavior, coercion, physical contact, and other actions that call into question the competence of a colleague at work and degrade the self-esteem of the latter (Keashly and Jagatic, 2003; Forsyth, 2006). Certainly, the literature is replete with the implied or empirically-discovered links between aggression and bullying. Those with aggressive predispositions are more likely to engage in the social affronts and physical intimidation that constitutes bullying among adults. Emotional abuse, arising from low frustration thresholds and a propensity for lashing out, is a frequent manifestation of workplace bu
Different types of media are associated with a number of issues that impact the lives of people. Young children are the most affected group since it is easier to sway or control their views. In addition, the opinions of people depend on their views regarding a certain issue. For instance, children may get information on fashion from movies and television when they are still young and eventually start imitating what they have learnt or seen. Furthermore, these children get to see or access some information which is only meant for the older people. Movies and television shows provide remarkably clear examples on how media can stereotype a given group of people. Some movies are set in such a way that an individual with a long beard and turban may be a terrorist. Such stereotype can easily ingrain the mind of children since some of them might be tempted to imitate such stereotypes (Sparks 59). It is necessary for an individual to be extremely careful when choosing the media that can present information. It is worth to mention that there are different types of media with varying measures regarding the security of information presented. Therefore, it is the responsibility of an individual to choose which media should act as his or her source of information. Information can be accessed from different sources such as magazines, newspapers, radio, movies, television and the internet. As a result, it becomes exceedingly difficult to choose the most appropriate information. Visual media like movies and television have more effect on the youths because they provide some form of stimulation and also are readily available to most youths. The attitude from the members of the public regarding some given issues largely depends on what they watch from the television. For instance, if all the television programs frequently show children wearing fashionable clothes, then children will get interested in associating themselves with what they see (Elton par.2 ). In addition, movies and television programs can easily create stereotypes. For instance, girls in colleges can be presented as highly fashionable, rich and successful. The effect of such images from movies and television is that they make the people come up with certain notions, attitudes and ideas toward events and people around them. These images present the interests of controllers and may not necessarily be true (Sparks 59). The media is also capable of making stereotypes of people who are close to us without considering their cultural and social backgrounds. Worse still, films and television programs have diverted the perception of individuals towards different issues like gender, race and nationality. The culture of other people is a serious misconception derived from the media. This makes us form false and misinterpreted assumptions regarding other people who come from a different culture. People learn how to behave, think, and control their feelings when interacting with diverse cultures. For instance, some action movies present a woman undergoing a lot of challenges that need the assistance of a man. This is a typical gender stereotyping because it depicts a woman as a weaker sex