ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Compensation laws and regulations are established with the aim of protecting and safeguarding the rights of works within various departments of work. In other words, these laws play the key role of creating non-discrimination in the benefits provided to workers in terms of compensation. In that regard, there is need for organizations to come up with effective administration strategies that would ensure there is a total compensation for all their workers. One of the major strategies here is compensation in terms of benefits or allowances, which has become more common in the compensation administration of many employment sectors. The laws and regulations governing total compensation are almost similar in many workplaces, since they address the same issues regarding workers in those organizations (Martocchio, 2010). The main objective of this paper is to offer an analytical view of the regulations, along with the differences and similarities that would tend to influence compensation of workers in a Biotechnology Organization and other companies in the market. There are certain laws and regulations affecting the concept of total compensation in different business organizations. One good example of these laws is the Equal Pay Act that was enacted in the year 1963, to protect workers against any form of discrimination regarding their salary or wages on the basis of aspects such as gender, race, or their status at work. This law offers a restriction against any form of discrimination based on gender differences for persons serving in similar positions within the same organization (Frye, 2004). Another common example of a law attached to total compensation for federal organizations is the Fair Labor Standards Act, which covers things such as equal pay, minimum wages, underage labor regulations and overtime compensation, among other key issues of concern that affect employees in their jobs. Employees serving in the Biotechnology sector share the same benefits with other workers from other organizations, as it is dictated by various labor laws and regulations under the federal umbrella. For instance, just like employees from other organizations, workers serving in the biotechnology company are entitled to the demands of the Equal Pay Act, since their working particulars are not any different from those of other organizations, where the issue of gender prevails. Similarly, employees in the biotechnology are also entitled to the demands of the Retirement Income Security Act, 1974, just like other employees from other companies in the market. The main goal of
International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice was established in 1945 and become the first international court; this court is the main Judicial of the United Nations and was started in 1945 by the United Nation Charter (Chamey, 1989). This Court commenced work in the year 1946 as a replacement to the then Permanent Court of International justice although it can be argued based on facts that the International Court of Justice was the first court to be started. The reason is that the International Criminal court came into force in the year 2002 when over 120 countries ratified the Rome statute and it is regulated by the Statute of the International Court of Justice (Chamey, 1989). This paper is a discussion on the International Court of Justice, ICJ; the paper further discusses the procedure of the court and concludes by looking at what is meant by an Advisory opinion. The Court is mandated to handle a very wide range of judicial cases of different nature (Chamey, 1989). It can be said that presently this court has handled relatively few cases, but from the 1980s there has been an increase in tendency by sovereign States to use the Court majority of which has been the developing countries. However, the United States in 1968 declined to comply with the issue of compulsory jurisdiction and has since been adamant to change its position. The decisions of the International Court of Justice are enforced and implemented by a body of the UN called the Security Council. However, before these rulings are enforced they must pass the test of the UN’s five permanent members who sit in the Security Council. This implies that if one or more of these members says no, then the ruling cannot be implemented (Rossene, 2003). The procedure of the Court The procedure of the International court of justice is almost similar to that of the US but the only difference is that the ICJ deals with sovereign States cases. Under this court, a State may initiate judicial proceedings against another State either through a Special agreement or by submitting an application to the Court. In such a case the States are described as applicant and Defendant respectively at which point the court examines the merit of the case. Under ICJ parties to a case are represented by Lawyers known as agents as opposed to counsels in US courts (Odek, 2011). When it comes to the deliberation of the case it is made up of two hearings which are merit and compensation. During proceedings, the court may pose questions to either of the parties, lawyers or agents after all relevant documents
Executive Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected students’ performance in Miami Dade-County due to restrictions on in-person learning. Particularly, K-12 schools in the county have reported widening achievement gaps and declining performance levels among students. This policy analysis paper outlines four possible alternatives that Miami Dade-County education authorities could adopt to make sure that K-12 students are not left behind academically due to the ravaging effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, they should develop targeted outreach programs for students who are struggling to cope with the pandemic, based on the results of educational progress monitoring and review assessment reports. Secondly, authorities should connect curriculum development processes to digital learning experiences. The goal is to create better synchrony and alignment between the curriculum development process and students’ digital learning experiences. Thirdly, policymakers need to train teachers regarding the latest online tools, trends and developments affecting K-12 education through seminars and training programs. Fourth, a “do nothing option” is proposed, which means that authorities can refrain from coming up with new strategies to mitigate the effects of the health crisis on learning outcomes and allow the situation to “play out” as it may. This proposal is hinged on the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic is still an unfolding event and the effects of linked variables on learning outcomes cannot be holistically accounted for. The four policy alternatives outlined above are expected to be evaluated based on their economic, efficiency, equity, administrative feasibilities and effectiveness. Subject to this evaluative framework, developing targeted outreach programs is outlined as the chosen policy alternative for this study. It is the best strategy to follow because it comes at a low cost to both school-level and district-level administrators and allows them to create focused interventions for addressing specific learning gaps. Broadly, based on the insights highlighted above, key sections of this paper review existing policy programs, analyze the framework for evaluating their effectiveness, and outlines policy alternatives that could address some of the implementation gaps associated with the COVD-19 pandemic and its impact on the educational outcomes for K-12 learners in Miami-Dade County. Problem Statement The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Miami-Dade County educat
Though located in North Africa, Libya has portrayed several characteristics that make it a unique nation in North Africa and the Middle East. According to Hajjar (188), several factors have contributed to this uniqueness. The political system Jamahiriya, political Islam, and the Kaddafi factor are important aspects that make Libya a unique nation and determine its future. The purpose of this discussion is to analyze the political system, institutions, and the sociopolitical and economic systems in Libya during the Kaddafi error and the impact these unique features have on the post-Kaddafi era. In particular, it is worth noting that these features not only make the country unique but also contribute to the future of the country after the exit of Kaddafi. Barger (64) presented an important analysis of the political, social, economic, and religious features that make Libya unique and their prospective contribution to the end of the Kaddafi era. Although written several years before the end of Kaddafi’s regime, the article indicates that the unique political and socioeconomic system in Libya during the Kaddafi shaped the modern day Libya. Scholars have shown that the dependency of the Libyan economy on oil makes the country unique among its neighbors in North African and the Middle East. Although several Arab nations largely depend on this resource for their economical gains, Libya’s situation is relatively different. For instance, Kaddafi’s Third Universal Theory dominated the country’s politics and economy since the 1960s. According to Barger (64), the Third Universal Theory introduced by Muammar Kaddafi in the 1970s made the country’s politics and economy unique i
Introduction Return on investment (ROI) is usually the yardstick of efficiency of investment, either it can compare the variety of investments; it is a profitability measure which is mostly used to evaluate companies performance. ROI is usually depicts the rate of profits or incomes. In most cases these are either realized or not. Expenses are not considered in calculation of ROI, tax is a cost and in most cases it depends on geographical location. Tax consumes profits and income. On calculating the efficiency of Rate of Investments. Return on investment is divided by the cost of the same investment to the ratio or the percentage of the ROI. The use of these measures gives a decision whether to continue with the investment or not to. When ROI is positive one can continue or if there are other investment with greater ROI the former can be taken and the later foregone in a bid for the best alternative. ROI then is the amount of profit or cost savings realized by an enterprise. Return on investment also can be used to determine the efficiency of enterprise managing. Research question The rate of return on advertisement in business is the rate of financial increases or loses gained when the management invests on business adverts to increase sails. These returns can be on the bases of past or current investments, estimates on future returns can also be taken. Advertisement cost is taken valued annually. There are several ways to determine ROI being the most common profitable ratio. ROI should not at any one time be confused for the return on owner’s equity. Theoretical framework As a performance measure ROI is usually the factor of evaluating efficiency of investments. In measuring the general cash/profit can be got on advertisement or the loss that is incurred. Cash flow in investment policy will always be classified as profit, interest, dividends, or capital gains/loss. Capital gain comes with an increment of market value, which has positive impact on business from advertisement results. On the other hand a capital loss will come with a decrease of market resale value I. e declining market value a negative reflection of advertisement this can be as a result of poor advertisement approaches. ROI can be calculated with the following methods; logarithmic or continuously compounded returns, Arithmetic returns and annual returns. The calculations of ROI on advertisement on business also have various applications. Investments on advertising carry some significant risk of loss of some of the invested capital. Capital increases and losses in most cases on stock share the value of stock depends on several factors. Advertisement on stock share is considered as expenses that will be evaluated ones the stock shares are sold and the company receives its capital from the stock purchaser. This is the capital it uses on its daily operations. These stock shares find their ways from the original investors to other investors. (Edward, 2000) Logarithmic
Introduction The automobile industry is very competitive across the world and is especially so in rich economies. The main competition is usually found between manufacturers based in Europe, the United States, Japan, and Korea. Kuwait being an oil-rich economy too faces the same situation of high competitiveness. This paper is essentially a SWOT analysis of the automotive sector in the country with respect to six major automakers. They will be then compared to the Japanese manufacturer Daihatsu. The six manufactures that will feature in this report are Hyundai, KIA Motors, Suzuki, Nissan, Toyota, and Mitsubishi. The first two are leading manufactures from South Korea and the rest including Daihatsu are reputed manufactures from Japan. The automotive industry in Kuwait As mentioned earlier, this industry in the country is very competitive. According to a report by Business Monitor International, it has reached a point of stagnation in the country. “Kuwaiti automotive sales are likely to stagnate over the next five years, but the revaluation of the Kuwaiti dinar gives Japanese and European brands hope of competing in this price-sensitive market”. (BMI’s Executive Summary, The Kuwait Auto Report 2008, Business Monitor International). This revaluation will bring some relief to the above-mentioned auto manufacturers. The report also states that there is room for growth for Japanese and European models. It also states that the devaluation of the American dollar will give a cost advantage to manufacturers from that country. The market structure and policies in the country are also a reason for this slump though the situation in other Gulf states is more conducive for growth. The report states that the Kuwaiti market is highly prices sensitive which will be a factor in the SWOT analysis. Background of the manufacturers A brief background of the manufactures is also provided here. Hyundai Motors is the largest automaker in South Korea and manufactures a wide range of automobiles (including heavy vehicles). They also have a variety of models to choose from. The company was formed in 1946 by a self-educated man called Chung Ju-yung and was engaged in manufacturing automobiles. The company later diversified into heavy industries, construction, and shipbuilding. Initially, the cars made by the company were considered to be having very poor quality. But massive efforts during the 1990s changed this and the quality is now equal or above its competitors in many respects. KIA Motors (formerly KIA Industries) was started in 1944 to manufacture bicycles. It later started making heavy-duty vehicles and then as a manufacturer for Peugeot and Fiat. It began to manufacture vehicles under its own brand only after this. The company was in financial difficulty during the late 1990s and was taken over by Hyundai in 1999. the company returned to profitability after this and is considered to be a reputed manufacturer. Suzuki Motors started off in 1909
A fine balance is a novel by Rohinton Mistry. It was set in India in a town called Mumbai and was between the years 1975 and 1984. This book gives the story of four improbable persons whose way of living is brought together in the course of political chaos in the Indian Government. These include Dina, Ishvar, Omprakash and Maneck. Through periods of austerity and hope, their situations and fates become unavoidably linked in a manner that no person could have predicted (Mistry 754). Mistry’s writing style is captivating with the long-term use of symbols to represent the themes in the novel. The use of symbols makes this novel stunning, splendidly textured, and influential. This paper will discuss the symbol “Chessboard” as used in this novel. It will discuss its relevance and significance in representing the themes in the novel. First, it is an academic ticket and a means of access to the higher planet of intellectuals and doers. It is also a symbol of an incompetent heritage lugged about and overlooked for periods though always prepared to return as a souvenir. The symbol of a chessboard in this novel is evident in character Maneck. At first, Maneck did not know how to use the Chessboard. He neither played it nor gave it to his blood relatives. He only loved it in a manner that was quite questionable and had no reason for loving it (Mistry 256). When Maneck goes to college, he is assigned a room in the student’s hostel. He befriends his bedmate, Avinash, who is also the student leader. Avinash trains Maneck how to play chess after which they play it frequently. Avinash’s chessboard becomes extremely significant to the life of Maneck. In the novel, Maneck is seen jumping ahead of a train with the chessboard, possibly destroying it. The reader, therefore, gets surprised whether Maneck would have passed away without the chessboard. In this case, the chessboard symbolizes Maneck’s unproductive life. Maneck symbolizes an awful characteristic of Indian persons who identify the hideous but are not able to rise to face it even though they are capable of changing that situation. By using the chessboard, Mistry denounces these Indians and puts efforts to kill them. Chess in this novel is understood as the game of life. This is seen in the fact that Chess rules always permit someone to become victorious though there are incidences where no one triumphs. The activities in this novel bear a resemblance to the various moves and points in chess. With kind realism, a chessboard in this novel incarcerates all the brutality, corruption, self-respect, and heroism of India. Chessboard signifies the fact that life is not forever fair with sometimes one being the winner and other times the loser. It, therefore, signifies people’s capacity to tolerate and keep moving in times of adversity. This is summed up in the quote “How was it that his heart kept beating instead of bursting, his sanity intact instead of shattered like a dropped mirror. Surely all this misery piled on misery
Microwave Heater is a kind of heat drying equipment where microwaves produced in a magnetron are reflected into the oven cavity. The frequency of microwaves ranges from 2450 MHz to 22125MHz.These waves when reflected from the oven walls and absorbed cause any substance to heat up. Heat is produced in the form of microwaves due to constant variation in the polarity of the electric field at a particular frequency. A microwave heater is mainly used for heating food items. As it constitutes one of the factors required that affect the temperature requirement of thermal processing, it is best used for sterilization. Here the advantage is heat energy is directly absorbed by the food rather than equipment. Although there are some reports regarding its usage, it is considered very safe. It does not require a combination of any other factors as required in hurdle technology. Another disadvantage is as this heating process does not guarantee shelf life, refrigeration may be required in contrast to hurdle technology. Hurdle technology is a combination of specific factors used for controlling microorganisms. The factors are heating, chilling, water activity, pH, redox potential, preservatives, and modified atmosphere. This technology is mainly used in the processing of intermediate and high moisture foods when individual factors fail to hinder the growth of undesirable microorganisms. The advantage of this technology is enhanced nutritional and organoleptic quality with no need for refrigeration. Hence, it is the best strategy when used in combination with necessary factors and ensures a good shelf life of 3 months for food products. Since this technology requires other factors a wide range of food items can be preserved. However, the disadvantage is time-consuming and laborious when compared with the single microwave heating process. UHT (Ultra High-Temperature processing) is a process of killing microorganisms at a temperature of 1945K. It is mainly used in the distillery and dairy industries. This technology mainly targets yeasts, non-spore-forming bacteria, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella seftenberg, etc. It always relies on exceptionally high temperatures followed by parallel refrigeration. Hence huge voltage of electricity is mandatory to ensure successful inhibition of microorganisms. Since this process does not require other factors as in hurdle technology, it is not tedious. But it has no nutrient enhancing features. The disadvantage is low shelf life of 3 –weeks and it does not have good implications for solid food. Food packaging is one of the essential processes of inactivating microorganisms by heat. It makes use of cartons, plastic and glass bottles, pouches, and plastic trays. Here food is sterilized by sealing in a container subjected to saturated steam under a pressure of 1psi approximately. This technology mainly depends on a yet another time-consuming process known as ‘in container processing’ that involves food preparation, heat treatment, washing, and filling cans the most essential step cooling. There are many prerequisites for cans intended to be used in this process like di
Outcomes The available literature demonstrates that some of the key learning outcomes that should be achieved by students include knowledge, comprehension/competence, skills, application, synthesis, as well as evaluation (Crespo et al., 2010; Hall, 2002). In online learning contexts, it is important for educators to align all educational activities and resources with the anticipated learning outcomes of a learning module or course with the view to assisting the students in achieving and internalizing the above-mentioned learning outcomes upon successful completion of their learning experience. In particular, students should demonstrate sufficient knowledge and competence in applying the contents of the module or the course to real-life contexts. The faculty can pride itself on having achieved effectiveness if the students are able to demonstrate comprehension of tasks as well as application of
Dr. Loftus concluded her presentation with a statement, “Memory, like liberty, is a fragile thing” because it illustrates the nature of our memories best. Unlike a common belief that memory is like an archive where different happy and sad moments are kept intact and retrieved on request, in reality, it is in the process of constant recreation. Memories are not solid pieces of information stored in our brains. Conversely, the mind is a soft and malleable thing, which means that its creations – opinions, beliefs, and perceptions –adapt to external factors and can be easily influenced. Considering that memories can be implanted, modified, and negated by others, they are indeed very fragile. The same goes for liberty and, as examples provided by Dr. Loftus in her talk demonstrated, false memories created when people are fed with suggestive information caused many innocent persons throughout history to be accused of crimes they never committed. Besides the revelation of serious social and legal implications of such a phenomenon as false memories, the part of the talk that interested me most was devoted to the effects of certain types of physiotherapy, including hypnosis and technics with the use of imagination, on patients’ perceptions of self. While therapy is meant to help people solve problems, it turns out that it may create them instead. What is more surprising is that patients start to cherish their implanted memories as an integral part of their identities. Regardless of how disturbing and sorrowful it may be, and even when pointed out that this certain memory is false, a person may be unable to let it go. I thi