ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Issue Description My specialty track is nurse executive, which means that I should be able to understand the duties of a nurse comprehensively and provide rational management. As the position of a nurse executive is closely linked with leadership-related problems and human resource management, conflicts represent one of the most significant issues. Conflicts may occur between staff members, between patients, and even between a patient and an employee. The issue concerns me considerably as it may not be possible to provide an ultimate solution to the problem as it is an inseparable element of the human factor. Issue Impact The most noticeable impact of the issue may be seen on the micro-level, as it may directly influence the performance of a particular nurse and affect patient outcomes. Moreover, it may prevent productive cooperation between team members and reduce the willingness of patients to ask for help. Recent studies have shown that interpersonal conflicts may have a considerable adverse impact on the quality of care (Lahana et al., 2017). Even though it may be less noticeable, the impact of the issue is just as significant on meso and macro levels as they are interrelated with the micro-level. Solution and Potential Impact There is a wide variety of conflict management techniques that may mitigate the consequences of a conflict. Although it may be vital to utilize these methods, I believe that it may be rational to focus on preventive measures that may prevent the conflict in the first place. In order to achieve that goal, it may be beneficial to introduce additional training for employees regarding conflict management techniques. Such an approach may reduce conflict situations between patients and staff members. Furthermore, it may be essential to organize staff meetings outside of the working environment in order to establish healthy relationships and reduce the probability of conflicts. On a meso level, the solution may improve the performance of the facility in general as it is closely linked with cooperation between staff members. As a consequence, better patient outcomes and less stress among the employees may contribute to higher recognition and patient trust on the macro level. Reference Lahana, E., Tsaras, K., Kalaitzidou, A., Galanis, P., Kaitelidou, D., & Sarafis, P. (2017). Conflicts management in public sector nursing. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 12 (1), 33–39. Web.
Vaccination is one of the most effective medical interventions that save millions of lives from diseases and suffering. It reduces the level of social inequality, increases access to health services in general, and even helps to reduce poverty. To ensure a high and fair level of vaccination services, it is necessary to understand the obstacles faced by population groups where this level is insufficient. This academic work focuses on approaches designed to improve health among young people. To make vaccination accessible, acceptable, convenient, and attractive for young people, it is necessary to consider both individual behavioral factors and contextual and social mechanisms that influence their behavior. Psychological analysis shows that young people use, often unconsciously, simplified rules of thumb to process incoming information and make decisions. Such mechanisms are helpful because they allow young people to react quickly to situations that arise in everyday life. However, they can lead to a distorted perception of risk and a bias towards vaccination and health-related information. When developing interventions to increase the use of vaccination services among young people, it is necessary to consider these psychological mechanisms and how they affect individual behavior. At the same time, the above considerations should not encourage health authorities to focus only on personal aspects (Paul et al., 2021). Moreover, they should not rely on providing information as the only way to influence young people’s vaccination behavior. Such an approach will lead to only minor positive behavioral shifts. It is based on the assumption that if young people have sufficient knowledge or receive well-thought-out messages, they will inevitably make the “right” decision. However, it should be noted that other essential influences on behavioral aspects are ignored. Scientific psychology proves that directly motivating young people to get vaccinated can have a more significant impact than changing what they think and how they relate to vaccinations in theory (Dubé et al., 2018). Therefore, systemic factors such as policy, provision of medical services, costs, and logistics are essential aspects of influencing the behavior of young people to vaccination. One of the most effective approaches is the Tailoring Immunization Programs (TIP) developed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe. The Tailoring Immunization Programs Tailoring Immunization Program considers national and global health goals and contributes to their achievement. The solution of ambitious tasks to ensure immunization compliance with the principles of justice requires specific actions of both young people-patients a
Scott Fitzgerald’s 1925 novel “The Great Gatsby” is a revelation of the negative impacts of a rapidly growing economy on the society. Specifically, it shows the negative impact of wealth on the lives of the main beneficiaries of the economic growth (Bruccoli 32). Fitzgerald attempts to show how a explosion of economic activities with enormous profits destroys the lives of the beneficiaries as they try to find their dream. With a reflection of American’s search for an American dream with wealth and quality life, Fitzgerald portrays the corrupt society of the New York business elite as they experienced booming business in the early and mid 20 th century (Bruccoli 61). In the novel, the fictional village of West Egg is perhaps one of the key items that symbolize the life of the new millionaires in the city. In Fitzgerald’s storyline, the village of West Egg appears repeatedly in the novel and is the main scene of action. The village if first introduced to the reader when, in summer of 1922, Nick Carraway, the main character, arrives in New York from the Midwest. Carraway (Nick), a Young graduate of Yale and a veteran of the First World War, is probably in search of his American dream (Fitzgerald 12). Apparently, the American dream is based on individualism and thirst for wealth and fame and is most likely to be realized in the city’s booming business. Therefore, he rents a small house in the village of West Egg, located on Long Island, from where he hopes to benefit from the city’s trade in bonds (Bruccoli 143). More about The Great Gatsby Why Is Gatsby Great? 5 1379 What Is the Climax of The Great Gatsby? 5 1487 What Are the Main Differences Between The Great Gatsby Book and Movie? 4.5 1195 In The Great Gatsby, Is Nick a Reliable Narrator? 5 109 “It Takes Two to Make an Accident…” What Is the Significance of this Quote? 5 1839 How Does The Great Gatsby Reflect the Jazz Age? 5 1458 West Egg is the home of the city’s upcoming millionaires, with lavish homes. An example is the house owned by Jay Gatsby. Like Nick, Gatsby is also in search of his American dream. Unlike Nick, Gatsby is involved in illegal business (Fitzgerald 88). It is evident that West Egg hosts all kinds of people, provided they have money to purchase or rent the luxurious houses. However, unlike the East Egg, the upcoming village is home to newcomers in the city’s business. Therefore, it attracts all kinds of people who are seeking to enjoy the lucrative bu
Introduction The discipline of psychology of behavioral science elicits numerous controversies about the origin of human behavior and in particular the states of consciousness. Consciousness is one unique aspect about humans for people do not only exist, but they also know, feel, and think about their existence. Psychiatrists and behavioral scientists conceptualize differently the medical factors of behavior. However, many scientific researches have been analyzed to classify the concept of the state of consciousness with medical and psychological explanations of the different states associated with human behavior. States of consciousness can be defined as the mental reactions or functioning, which can be felt by an individual as creating changes in psychological functioning of that individual’s normal state. State of consciousness is the ability by human beings to recognize changes and translate events happening within oneself and in the surrounding environment within which one operates. The state and quality of a person’s consciousness change from time to time depending on the way an individual is responding to normal body functioning. Different people have different intensity of consciousness ranging from the normal response to behavioral abnormalities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the numerous states of consciousness, which are normally exhibited by individuals’ behaviors, as well as their feelings and thoughts. The various concepts will help in understanding the individuals’ states at normal conditions and give an insight to the state of being of an individual when the state of consciousness is altered. Levels of consciousness Human behavior is subject to biological functioning in the human body and external forces of the environment interacting with the body. The present biological factors, which are internally coordinated by genetic code, vary from one person to another. This description underscores the natural aspect of human behavior. Environment, which people interact with, also alters the way the brain responds to different factors. For instance, environments causing pain and stress can lead to depression, and this induce sleep (Hewston
Decision-making plays one of the key roles in a company’s operation: it assists in utilizing the resources that are normally used as a means to achieve the initially set goals. Naturally, the faster is the process of decision-making, the better is the utilization of resources. Rational decisions help an organization to reach the goals with minimum time and efforts applied (Haque, Liu, & TitiAmayah, 2017). Moreover, they contribute to the increase of productivity and higher performance of the entire staff. Organizational efficiency, which is determined by the relation between costs and returns, totally depends on managers’ decisions. However, the quality of the latter quite often depends on such factors as biases, emotions, and communication techniques one resorts to in his or her management practice. Those can, in fact, be regarded as additional objectives for a manager to aim at. Accomplishing them would allow one to utilize resources without the slightest procrastination. Meanwhile, skipping these goals would create serious challenges for a company to retain its competitiveness. Common Biases in Decision-Making Common biases appear to be decisions that cannot be regarded as balanced or fair (Montibeller & Winterfeldt, 2015). They are known to be divided into several types, each being impacted by various factors and environments. The first type is an overconfidence bias, which is characterized by managers’ higher confidence in their skills compared to the actual situation. The second one is a hindsight bias. This type is marked by managers’ false belief in the results’ prediction. An anchoring bias is the third type, which is preconditioned by managers’ relying on a single source of information and neglecting the other sources. The fourth type, a confirmation bias, involves using only those data that confirm one’s decisions. And finally, an availability bias, which is viewed as an overestimation of chances for some particular events to occur. Each one of the mentioned biases can create serious obstacles for effective decision-making. As Montibeller and Winterfeldt (2015) point out, biases “can seriously reduce the quality of the model and resulting analysis” (p. 1230). It is, therefore, of primary importance to know them and reduce their occurrence to the minimum. Otherwise, the decisions managers make can hurt the company’s development. Reflective and Expedient Decision-Making As stated in qualitative research made by Haque et al. (2017), decision-makers are divided into two major groups: Western and Eastern. Western decision-making is based on the belief that “time is money” and, therefore, it makes an accent on a fast reaction and the experience. Eastern entrepreneurs, however, appear to be more
Introduction Christopher Columbus is remembered as a person who opened America. People in the USA even celebrate the Columbus Day, the day when Columbus shipped on the coasts of America. However, what were the reasons for the voyage? There were a lot of them. Did Christopher Columbus want to reach the coats of America? No, he had absolutely different purposes. Was he interested in this country? Absolutely not as Christopher Columbus was interested in different purposes and was motivated by strong reasons for searching for another country. The main idea of this paper is to consider the motivating reasons for Christopher Columbus’ first voyage in 1492 and dwell upon the real necessity and validity of those reasons. Additionally, the problem of wrong destination and the importance of that destination are going to be dwelt upon in this paper. Reasons for Voyages The time when Christopher Columbus lived is considered to be the greatest time of the geographic discoveries. A lot of people after Christopher Columbus made trips to different countries of the world opening them and making them familiar all over the world. Spain is considered to be the country which gave birth to the best discoverers who were interested in searching for new lands. The main reasons of the voyages aimed at searching for new lands are numerous. Curiosity is one of them, however, ocean voyages were too expensive and such reason as simple voyage might not be considered as the convincing. Christopher Columbus as well as other shipmen who wanted to sail to other lands had to work hard and make the queen and the king to believe that the voyage was going to be useful not only for the discoverer, but it was going to benefit the whole country. The discoverers’ desire to benefit the science and geography in general were not appropriate reasons, that is why the search fo
The goal of every manager is to increase productivity. This concept is easily understood as managers analyze the difference between inputs and outputs as well as cost of production and manufactured products. If the organization can lower the cost while increase number of goods produced then a high-rate of productivity is achieved. But in the Age of Globalization it is not enough to simply increase productivity; it is also important to establish quality management systems. Improvements can be achieved if managers and corporate leaders focus on efficiency, globalization, solving supply-chain related problems and make it their primary goal to be one step ahead of the competition. Globalization The radical breakthroughs in technology transformed the way people live – in communication, transportation and supply of goods and services all over the planet. As a consequence, mankind experienced globalization in a manner never before seen. In the past it will require a major multinational company to utilize resources in a Third World country and manufacture products from that region and then ship it to highly industrialized countries for further processing. But today products and services can be manufactured in small-scale operations from China to India and transported to the United States and Europe at a fraction of the cost. The ability to transact in a global scale has transformed the way companies and individuals interact as consumers and manufacturer of goods. Success and survival seems to go hand in hand in a highly competitive world of the 21 st century. The goal of every manager is not only to increase outputs but to lower the cost of production. Every raw material and every unit of resources must be utilized correctly in order to hit a particular target. The key to success has been made more complicated by the expectation of lower cost and high-quality. Increase Efficiency It is therefore important to master the art of reducing waste within the business process. The ability to pinpoint inefficient use of resources can be translated to reduction in production cost and thus can be translated to lower prices and increase the competitive advantage of the company. This can immediately result in a competitive gain, especially in a time when there is no longer brand loyalty among consumers, as cheap products are flooding the market via factories located overseas. Lean Management Systems (LMS) is a strategic tool and one of the many methods that can be sued to initiate change in a company. LMS enables corporate leaders to increase profitability without sacrificing quality. It can be argued that this management strategy can help enhance the value of the product while at the same time allow for the quick delivery of goods thereby increasing customer satisfaction. LMS can also b
Increasing Role of Human Resources Management The XXI century is a century of globalized world undergoing rapid changes and technological development. In such conditions organizations have to seek for different ways of maintaining their competitiveness. In the 1990s people started paying significant attention to the human resources and many organizations understood that Human Resources Management can be a very powerful contributor into the organization successful development. Since then a lot of HRM strategies are being successfully implemented, some of them are recruitment and retention, training and development, employee performance management, regulatory compliance, compensation and benefits. HRM In Terms Of Organization Restructuring Many enterprises and firms face the necessity to operate in a “less-cost mode” now, due to different factors including globalization and technology development (Mathis and Jackson, 2007, p.19). A lot of firms try to improve their condition by restructuring the firm, usually by minimizing labor costs and closing facilities, though these measures proved to be quite unsuccessful. Thus, human resources management (HRM) is gaining more popularity becoming a strategic business partner. Sims (2007) stated that it is “often described as “having a seat at the table,” and contributing to the strategic directions and success of the organization” (Sims, 2007, p. 31). There are many examples of HRM contributing to the organization success which can be illustrated by BASF (reduced labor costs up to 30%), or Wegman’s Food Markets (reduced product costs but maintained employees’ benefits) (Sims, 2007, p. 31). Recruitment And Retention There are several powerful tools of HRM, which contribute to the organization success, for instance, recruitment and retention. These are primary issues of HRM, since recruitment and retention form the staff of any organization. Recruitment should be implemented in a very thoughtful, precise and professional way. Especially during the organization restructuring it is essential to employ talented professionals who are able to bring the major possible profit for the organization. It goes without saying that professionals should be kept in the staff, and this can be achieved not only by extra payments. For instance, there is a lot of evidence that “employees and potential employees are more interested in developmental opportunities, especially structured ones” (Torrington et al., 2005, p.362). However, it is necessary to admit that recruitment and retention strategies are often underestimated in terms of HRM especially during organization restructuring. Training And Development Another very important strategy of HRM deals with employees’ training and development. Bratton and Gold (2001) suggest that they are “significant if not the pivotal components” of HRM (Bratton & Gold, 2001, p.274). Of course, these strategies need some extra funds, which are quite restricted during restructuring. However, Bratton and Gold (2001) point out that, first of all, it will be helpful to replace words “training costs” with “investment”, this c
Executive Summary Market segmentation is one of the strategic tasks involved in marketing. It is a comprehensive process of identifying characteristics of the market. This is based on taste and preference, age, level of income, religion, and such other demographical factors that would influence the possibility to buy a given product. The market is increasingly becoming competitive. Marketing is becoming a lot more demanding, with highly knowledgeable customers who are not easy to satisfy. Because of the unpredictability of the market caused by the dynamic factors in the market, there is need for a marketer to have a comprehensive understanding of the market. This would enable such a marketer provide value to the market. Individuals with varying characteristics characterize the market. It is practically impossible to understand each individual in the market. However, the individuals can be classified according to the similarities and differences they exhibit demographically. When properly done, a marketer would have easier time to identify the segment that would be targeted by the firm’s product. It would be easier to develop an in-depth analysis of the desired market segment and produce products that would respond to their needs. Introduction Segmentation of the market is the first step towards developing a comprehensive understanding of the market. The current market is very competitive. There are many firms within the same market offering the same line of products. Because of this, every marketer would make an effort to create a competitive advantage over other market competitors. Market segmentation provides this opportunity. It enables one to identify specific behavior of the market in different segments, hence help in identification of the target market. Target market refers to the market segment with desirable characteristics that a marketer is looking for in the market. It is the segment that a marketer can satisfy using the available products of the firm. Understanding buyer behavior is very important if a marketer expects to navigate the current dynamic market. It is through this that a marketer would be in a position to develop successful marketing programs. The programs must be successful in that, they should respond to the market needs in the right manner within the right time in order to ensure sustainability of the firm in the market. This paper seeks to analyze buyer behavior in different market segments. Consumer Behavior in Different Market Segments Consumer behavior refers to the characteristics of a buyer that defines the possibilities of his or her buying a