ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is possible to notice that despite having highly developed legislation and a well-functioning government, there are areas in the United States (U. S.), which require close attention. They can potentially contribute to the rise in number and severity of the different political problems or assist in their solving. These areas are the executive branch of the U. S. government and the bureaucracy, Congress’s power and structure, and American civil rights. The first object of attention is responsible for the implementation of federal laws and maintaining different organizations’ functioning through the bureaucracy apparatus, which sometimes limits citizens’ rights. The second area is the functioning of Congress, which is vital for society due to its regulatory role that also significantly influences people’s rights. The last domain is focused on people widely considered as ones having unequal abilities compared to major groups. These three distinct areas are united with a complicated contemporary issue, which is the restriction of freedom of individuals within society from the political perspective. This essay will examine the mentioned domains from the position of their contribution to the U. S. citizens’ rights protection and well-being ensuring. The executive branch of the government is responsible for control over organizations, groups, and society. This area is based on bureaucracy through avenues, while the president manages its apparatus (Krutz, et. al, Chapter 15, 2019). This system is effective to a certain extent, as it enables the maintenance of the functioning of any group of people through rules and orders. However, there are two problems related to this system, which directly influence the equity of U. S. citizens. These issues are corruption that provides certain persons with additional possibilities in exchange for financial benefits and an increase in the system’s rigidity that complicates the process (Krutz, et. al, Chapter 15, 2019). Therefore, the apparatus, which is intended to facilitate society’s functioning, makes it unequal for some people and difficult for all of the citizens in general. Moreover, an increase in the number of bureaucrats requires additional finances that could be spent on other essential areas. It is possible to find solutions to the problems through powers, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs. On the other hand, Congress, which is the first branch of the U. S. government, can contribute to the deterioration of the issue or assist in its solving. It has a bicameral legislature that implies the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives (Krutz, et. al, Chapter 11.4, 2019). The role of Congress is vital as it possesses the authority to introduce and pass legislation. It also has other three powers, which are implied, enumerated, and inherited. In the scope of the outlined issue, the essential one is the authority to pass a bill that is proposed legislation, through which the law can be adjusted (Krutz, et. al, Chapter 11.3, 2019). It brings to an
The Present Strategies of General Electric Marketing/Sales General Electric provides a great variety of products and services to its customers. They include home electric appliances, engines for airplanes, medical equipment, software solutions, etc. Apart from that, the company has established several water cleaning facilities throughout the world (General Electric, 2010, unpaged). At the core of marketing strategies, employed by the management of this organization lies the idea of diversity. This is one of the strengths of this enterprise: decline in demand for a certain type of product will have catastrophic effects on the company. However, one should bear in mind that this organization has a very high turnover rate among marketing personnel is very high, and this can be viewed as a weakness since continuous rotation of the personnel can eventually decrease the performance of the marketing team. To some extent, the turnover rate is the heritage of Jack Welsh’s reign. Manufacturing Operations The manufacturing operations of this enterprise rely on the idea of the so-called “boundaryless company” in which there are no barriers between manufacturing and engineering (Bartlett & Wozny, 2005). Largely, the concept of boundaryless company exemplifies a matrix organization, in which the employees closely cooperate with one another. Furthermore, this company advocates the importance of the lean production and reduction of labor costs. Finance/accounting At the given moment, the net revenue of this organization constitutes the total revenue of this organization $ 157 billion, while the cost of revenue is $ 65,3 billion (General Electric c, 2010, unpaged). It should be noted that in the companies in 2010 the financial performance of this organization has deteriorated especially in comparison with two previous years (General Electric c, 2010, unpaged). General Electric pursues transparent accounting policies. In particular, it reports
How was the United States Affected by Changes in Eastern Europe that led to the Reunification of Germany? German unification resulted from the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, as well as, the bankruptcy of communism (Bozo 192; Painter 108). At the rise of the Cold War, in Europe, Germany was a chief ally of the United States. Hence, German unification had several inferences on the security strategy of the U.S. For the U.S, the impacts of Germany reunification with Eastern Europe are numerous. First, only a few numbers of forward-deployed armed forces might be needed for the fortification of Europe. Circumstances of defense planning have transformed from depending on threats to relying on risks. At present, the greatest risk rests in the peaceful conversion of the previous Soviet Union towards democracy and a liberal economy, as well as, in resolutions to problems such as those that become encountered in Yugoslavia. Regardless of how serious these incidents may appear, the conventional military threat, in Europe, is significantly lesser than at the time of the Warsaw Pact. Second, political control by military skills can be attained on a much-reduced level of forces compared to the past. The skills of the U.S military, in Europe, can be directly linked to the degree of the U.S Influence in the area. The entire NATO states, in Europe, are presently in a process of slimming down their eminent, military forces. Third, the possibility of participation in a main military conflict gets reduced, significantly. The interior border of Germany was the line of conflict amid the superpowers, in Europe (Junker 20). The evolution of any confrontation, at this point, would have put the survival of the U.S. at risk. At present, the threat is history, and no European border has a potential conflict of similar intensity. Thus, the U.S commitment in Europe is, at present, less risky and cheaper than in the past. Fourth, the increased pace towards unification provoked a crisis, which will reduce the capacity of the European community to help the U.S. in finding solutions to global issues. The U.S suffers several economic problems, such as unemployment, due to the monetary policy of Germany, following unification. How do you think the United States might be affected if Korea gets reunified? The German unification model does not apply to Korea’s scenario, since the South Korean economy is not as strong as that of West Germany. A swift Korean reunification will turn into a vast financial burden fo
The problem Since the1980’s, physicians have been looking for a cure to HIV-AIDs; people have been suffering from the disease with the medics offering little hope of getting a cure. The much that physicians have done is to develop medication to reduce the effects of the disease; the major challenge hindering the development of a cure is the different shapes that the virus takes when exposed to medication (Stolley & Glass, 2009). Dimension of the problem A person who is suffering the disease or is infected by the H.I.V. virus is at the risk of developing AIDS; The virus is transmitted when body fluids of an invested person encounter those of an uninfected person. Once the virus gets into the body, it manifests and multiplies itself when hiding in the blood cells. The cells in the body that it attaches to are the white blood cell; the white blood cells forms the human immune systems, thus when attacked and overdone by the virus, then the body can hardly fight other diseases. It has been argued that HIV-AID’s is not a disease by itself however it fights the body defence mechanism giving opportunistic diseases a chance to invade an infected person- the optimistic diseases are the ones that kill. Before the virus can be detected in the body system, it stays for at least three months. A.I.D.S. on the hand is the final stages of H.I.V., when the virus has “blown out” and having affected the white blood cells to a point that they cannot protect the body any more, optimistic diseases take advantage and affect the person. At this, stage the optimistic diseases that may be tuberculosis or pneumonia, they infect the body and since the body immune system is weak, it cannot fight the infections and the most probable resultant is death. The following are the stages that H.I.V. undergoes through until it becomes AIDS,   * Stage 1. H.I.V. infection This occurs 4-12 weeks after the infection of the virus; it is defined with short flu like episodes and some of the lymph glands   * Stage 2; Minor symptomatic phase 3-7 years after infection   * Stage 3: Severe HIV related complex (disease) this is the AIDS stage. There are different way through which the disease is transmitted, they include: Sexual intercourse ; there are different modes of sexual intercourse that human beings interact in; they are heterose
Introduction China is applauded for being one of the economies in the world that are growing at an accelerating pace. The size of the Chinese economy has undoubtedly swelled to match the most advanced economies in the world, like the United States. However, it is argued that economic growth in China has resulted in a high level of pollution. This paper presents a discussion on how China is trying to change its environmental focus by reviewing the article titled: “Changes and challenges: China’s environmental management in transition”. Change in environmental performance in China The rise in the level of environmental degradation coming from intensive industrialization has raised a considerable number of questions on whether the environmental situation in the country can be reversed. According to the paper, the Chinese government is showing a lot of commitment as far as steering programs of sustainable economic development is concerned. Prospects of positive development in economic and environmental sustainability programs have been reported in several government funded surveys. An example is the China’s Millennium Development Goals report for the year 2010, which implies that the government of China has shown positive prospects of transforming the mode of economic growth (He, Lu, Mol & Beckers, 2012). The statistical outcome of the research in the article denotes a downward trend in the level of toxic substances emission in the Chinese economy. The outcomes are debatable since a substantial number of researches (Balme, 2011) denote that the level of enforcement of sustainability standards in Chinese firms in mainland China is still low, thereby denoting a considerable release of pollutants to the environment. The virtue of being sponsored by the government makes the research to show positive prospects of sustainable economic development in China. Phases of development in environmental management The article reports about the quest for environmental management in China. The Chinese government came into the limelight on issues of sustainability towards the last quarter of the 20 th century. This is a sound observation since this is the period when the country was witnessing a transformation from a weak economy to a newly industrializing economy through massive industrial activities. The first phase of the transformation of the Chinese economy was steered by the need for the country to catch up with the advanced economies of the world. The agenda of the environment was not given attention as the country increased the rate of exploitation of natural resources as a way of helping it establish industries (He, Lu, Mol & Beckers, 2012). While the paper denotes
SWOT Analysis Strengths Tesco has strong brand equity, an effective marketing strategy, high market presence in the United Kingdom (UK), significant cash reserves, and strong integration of technology into its business operations. Moreover, its dominance in the U.K. retail market gives it competitive advantage. Weaknesses Tesco depends on the presence and dominance in the U.K. to expand its operations, as well as generate revenues. Its large size compromises the overall revenue collected because certain subsidiaries perform poorly and thus receive funding from other businesses. Opportunities Tesco’s has the potential to increase its international presence and diversify into more industries. In addition, the company can use technological advancements to improve its operations. There are numerous opportunities for partnerships with other brands and companies in countries, as well as sectors that the company is experiencing dwindling returns. Finally, Tesco has an opportunity for further growth in online retail. Threats Harsh economic times threaten the revenues and dominance of the retailer in various markets. Price wars and the presence of other strong retail brands are a treat to Tesco’s dominance in the retail industry. Government regulations affect the company’s operations, as they are supposed to adopt a new organizational structure. In addition, rising costs of operations lead to negative impact on the company’s bottom line. Finally, recent cases of corruption have the potential to threaten the company’s long-standing brand reputation. Tesco PLC Critical Success Factors Introduction Tesco PLC is a British merchandise retailer that was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen. It has operations in 12 countries around the world (Ryle 2013). It is the largest retailer in the U.K. with more than 530,000 employees. Currently, Tesco serves more than 75 million customers every week ( About Us: Our Businesses 2015). Tesco is present in Malaysia, India, Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, and China ( About Us: Our Businesses 2015). The retailer is the third largest in the world in terms of revenues and a market capitalization of more than £20.5 billion (Ryle 2013). After its founding, Tesco operated for many years selling grocery only in the U.K. Today, the multinational retailer has diversified its operations into other areas that include electronics, furniture, software, clothing, books, internet services, and financial services (Ryle 2013). The company has good online presence and makes great sales through its website. The success of Tesco has been studied for a very long time because of its size and presence in various countries across the world. Its success has been used as a case study for improving the performance of other businesses. Critical success factors Tesco has developed a number of critical success factors (CSF), which have enhanced its sustainability and success in the retail business. These factors are closely related to goals, values, and policies that govern its business operations. The success factors involve the performance of employees, strategic management, lead
Introduction Child protection has long been the concern of almost everybody. From child labor to child abuse, there are certainly different government and non-government agencies all over the world that support and are keenly watching the child’s rights and protection programs of every country. In United Kingdom, there is a combined effort to prevent the increasing number of child abuse and child labour related cases. The government and policy makers have been trying to use the cases and programs in the neighbouring countries to create suitable and proper judicial laws and programs for the country. Relevant Data Regarding Child Labour and Abuse There are many forms of child abuse. The first of which is subjecting the child to unwarranted labour. It should be noted that children, on their very young age, should be using their time studying and or playing with other children of their age. However there are a good percentage of children who are found to be working like adults. More and more researches are done to find out whether children all over the world have been subjected to unjustifiable works. Below are two of the statistic results presented that are inline with this issue: Table 1: Distribution of Economically Active Children under 15 Years of Age (percent of total world child abuse). Region             1980  1985  1990 Africa             17.0  18.0  21.3 Americas           4.7   5.6   N/A  Asia               77.8  75.9  72.3 Europe             0.3   0.2   0.1  Oceania            0.2   0.2   0.2  Source: ILO 1993.                    Table 2: Comparison of Labour Force Participation Rates of Children and Adults by Region (percent). Region             15 years and over  10-14 years Africa             65.2               22.0        Americas           61.8               7.9         Asia               68.1               15.3        Europe             54.5               0.3         Oceania            62.7               6.9         Source: ILO 1993.                                  The data shown above clearly implies that all over the world, child abuse is really imminent. Children are subjected to labour works that is not and should not be allowed. Children are facing harassment and brutalities instead of love and care. The data above is just on the continental perspective and looking closely as per each country, the numbers are more gripping. Other forms of child abuse are violence, harassment and exploitation with which the children are the sole victims. Rapes, deaths, trauma and psychological instability are just some of the aftermaths of such kind of child abuse. In the UK The cases and reports of child abuse and/or child labour in the UK are astounding. Based on the recent statistics, it was reported that that at least one child die each week as caused by child abuse. This is the reason why the government is compelled to spend at least £1 billion a year. However, this financial resource is used mostly in dealing with the aftermath of abuse where in fact, the prevention programs should be dealt with too (Child Abuse,
Standards and systems effects Standards are imperative in determination of network value if they entirely rely on size. Given that PSGT is a large corporation with capability to expand to global markets; it is likely that its network will be extremely wide. Owing to the fact that large corporations choose independence or prefer diversity in service provision, adoption of standards is sometimes considered to be less important. For instance, the decisions by technology giants such as Microsoft and America online to neglect standardization in their networking practices have positively impacted their growths on a global scale. This does not however leave an absolute implication that standardization is redundant in corporation success since its adoption can greatly influence company result s in a positive way. The latter explains why consideration and adoption of standards will be important for strategic growth of PSGT Intel Co. According to Varian, PSGT adoption of standards would greatly determine its value according to the equation PSGT Value = PSGT Share x Total industry value (Varian 240). From this equation, it is evident that market share becomes a determinant force in PSGT value. Thus, with an understanding that the value of PSGT will entirely depend on the size of VIS market industry, strategies to implement standards have been laid down. But before standard formation, it is imperative that specific aspect factors be taken into consideration. These will have to be far in mind emerging factors such as negotiation, wars and leadership in regards to standards and standard adoption (Birchler & Butler 45). Standards wars Strategic market acquisition is very important for a company’s wellbeing. In this perspective, PSGT understands that market rivalry is absolutely inevitable. Additionally, earlier preparation for future control of marketing is one of the strategies that PSGT Intel Co. Ltd has committed itself in order to manage future markets through employment of various tactics. For instance, price management through determination and change either in the present and or the future will be solely a PSGT exercise. This will be aimed at overcoming industry rivals and thus acquiring a bigger market share. Secondly, This Company has put in place management strategies that seek to employ marketing domination tactics such as market share bragging. It has also committed itself towards lowering its future prices of products with an intention of overtaking its competitors. Lastly, there have been negotiations with companies such as nuance and McIntosh to make an alliance that would ensure market stability in regards to voice recognition technologies. Standard negotiations Normally, negotiations come at times when there is conflict of interest. With an understanding that during negotiations preference to own standards during the nego
Ethnogeriatrics is a field in gerontology that focuses on the interconnection of health, aging, and ethnicity. According to Cummings-Vaughn and Cruz-Oliver (2016), ethnogeriatrics studies “the influence of culture, race, and ethnicity on healthcare for older persons from diverse ethnoracial populations” (p. 3). Ethnogeriatrics considers the social determinants of health and well-being and addresses healthcare disparities to provide better care for the elderly from different cultural backgrounds. Social support is vital for older people who face numerous challenges that come with aging, such as chronic health conditions, mental and cognitive health risks, mobility impairment, social isolation, and age discrimination (ageism). On top of that, racial and ethnic disparities exacerbate the outcomes for the elderly. As Czaja et al. (2018) state, by 2050, about 21% of the American population is expected to be represented by people aged 65 and older, while “those aged 85 and older will represent 5%” (p. 467). In this regard, ethnogeriatrics promotes cultural competence and quality care for older adults in the context of changing demographics by incorporating various methods. For instance, The ETHNIC(S) mnemonic is a clinical interviewing tool that allows for culturally appropriate healthcare (Cummings-Vaughn & Cruz-Oliver, 2016). Furthermore, the role of technology in providing support to the elderly is studied by many researchers. As Czaja et al. (2018) report, the Personal Reminder Information and Social Management System (PRISM) software was designed to improve “social connectivity and reduce loneliness among older adults” (p. 467). Hence, various approaches are available to address the issues of the elderly in a culturally appropriate way. To summarize, ethnogeriatrics is a critical branch of geriatric care that aims to counteract the issues of the elderly related to the cultural context. The recognition of its importance is explained by the increasing diversity of American senior citizens and healthcare providers. Ethnogeriatrics research plays an essential role in addressing disparities and raising awareness of their adverse outcomes for older people from diverse ethnic backgrounds.