ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Wires play an important role in transmitting electrical energy and signals between different locations. There are different types of wires that vary from one another depending on their characteristics and other physical aspects. This paper seeks to discuss the differences between fibre optic cables and coaxial cables, elaborating on the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Fiber Optic Cable A fiber optic cable consists of either a plastic or a glass core, which conveys light enclosed within a glass cladding. Light is guided through the fibre owing to the lower refractive index of the material as it also reflects the escaping light to the core (Higuera, 1998). Advantages of fiber optic cables Fibre optic cables have limited signal loss for every unit distance covered. In this regard, this type of cables can cover long distances and have limited effect on the quality of transmission. With high internet speeds being a factor for consideration in the contemporary world, fiber optic cable is more reliable because of its maintenance of the signal. Fibre optic cables have very high capacity, which means they can convey high data rates at any given time. Because of the cable’s technology that uses light, the cable is also able to transmit at high speeds. This makes it more reliable and efficient over other cable types. Fiber optic cables are also immune to external interference, which improves further on their reliability. Vibrations and other noises have little effect on the performance of the cable (Higuera, 1998). Disadvantages These cables are expensive compared to other types of cables. The materials used in the manufacture of fibre optic cables are costly and only made-to-measure. This is particularly typical of any new technologies (Higuera, 1998). The general vulnerability of fibre optic cables to strain and temperatures affects the performance quality of this type of cables. This affects the output signals because of the inherent errors (Higuera, 1998). Coaxial Cable Coaxial cables comprise of a core wire, as well as an interwoven foil material that covers the inner wire (Reynders, Mackay & Wright, 2005). An insulating material that covers the central lying wire separates these conducting materials. Another insulator covers the outer foil. Advantages of coaxial cables This cable is cheaper than the fibre optic cable and, thus, it is highly affordable. Most mid-size offices and residential areas are able to acquire this cable for their internet needs. Coaxial cables can be used for different purposes. This increases
Prisons in the U.S have undergone significant changes since the first one was established on the continent. During the Colonial period, the system relied on capital and corporal punishments and asked for reforms, which were officially carried out after the American Revolution. The Auburn system and the Pennsylvania system were the first ones to emerge, focusing on rehabilitation as the goal for prisoners. The idea was that the solitary confinement could enable the criminals to reflect upon their crimes and work on themselves. The only difference was that the Auburn one allowed the inmates to work outside, while the Pennsylvania system did not let them leave the cells (Banks, 2017). Both systems were criticized, with the Auburn one becoming more widespread as it was more affordable and beneficial for the states. Nevertheless, work by day and solitary confinement by night proved to be a flawed regime. The government saw the forced labor in the penitentiaries as a “source of state revenue” (Banks, 2017, p. 13), and the anticipated retribution of the inmates was not coming. Besides, brutality and corporal punishment from the guards appeared in the disorganized and overcrowded establishments. As people stopped believing in the system, the Reconstruction era brought a new idea. The declaration of 1870 suggested dividing prisoners according to their offenses and educating them to
The article Time perspective, sports club membership, and physical self-concept among adolescents: A person-centered approach analyzes the relation between the concept of time attitude and physical self-esteem in teenagers. The study researched the technologies of forming time perspectives of teenagers and their connection with physical self-concept. Time perspective was measured and evaluated with a scale of pleasant and unpleasant feelings about various periods of time, from the past to the future. German, Luxembourgian, and Spanish 12-18-year-old teenagers participated in the study (Konowalczyk, Rade, & Mello, 2019). The conducted research is important in the development of a constructive attitude of adolescents towards their future and can promote physical health and sports club membership among this category of the population. Time perspective is a mental projection of a person’s motivational sphere and represents conscious hopes, plans, projects, aspirations, and fears of the past, present, and future. The interest in problems related to the temporal aspects of human existence grew throughout the twentieth century. The studies of Frank, Zimbardo, Boyd, Keough, Linden, LauBarraco, Hollis, Mello, Worrell, and other researchers have been used in the article to demonstrate the relation of time attitude and physical self-esteem among teenagers (Konowalczyk et al., 2019). The researchers considered time perspective as the synthesized views of the individuals on their psychological future and past, subjectively existing at a given moment in time. According to Zimbardo, time perspective is a fundamental and unconscious process by which personal experience is correlated with temporal categories, which makes it possible to give meaning and continuity to the experience (Konowalczyk et al., 2019). The content and elaboration of time perspective are an essential characteristic of a person’s consciousness associated with the motivations of behavior and the general emotional tone. On this basis, time perspective was singled out as a separate relatively independent subject of empirical study. The distribution of respondents by types of time perspectives was carried out following five factors: Positive Past, Negative Past, Hedonistic Present, Fatalistic Present, and Future. When the past not only dominates in the respondent’s answers, but appears as a source of positive self-presentation, it allows maintaining high self-esteem, emotional stability, a sense of continuity, and identity (Konowalczyk et al., 2019). For adolescents with the dominant Positive Past indicator, the past becomes a source of experience and hope. This refers to their subjective reality, not to an objective reconstruction of the events that happened to them. Teenagers with a Positive Past perspective are more prone to h
Interpretation of ambiguous statutes Interpretation of statutes in Canada has been influenced by the British traditional way of statutory interpretation, which is considered narrow as was developed right from the sixteenth century by the British judiciary. Boyd (2007, p. 76) found out that there are three simple grammatical principles as well rules that guide statutes construction. First, the statute should be read literally; it should be read in context and the statute should be read in harmony with its intentions. Boyd (2007, p. 76) states, “The grammatical principles are still expressed in the traditional Latin:  1. expression unius est exclusio alterius ;  2. ejusdem generis ; and  3. noscitur a sociis “. Like other rules, these principles emphasize the significance of implication as well as the context in a bid to interpret ambiguous language. In most cases, interpretation of statutes should flow from a logical and straightforward set of premises. Boyd (2007, p. 76) argues that the statutory principles and rules of interpretation are simple but are never simplistic and they provide a steady analysis method. Boyd (2007, p. 76) by referring directly to Ruth Sullivan states, “To resolve statutory interpretation disputes, judges must analyze and integrate a variety of factors, including textual meaning, legislative purpose, acceptable consequences and presumptions of intent. Attention paid to the factors and the amounts of emphasis each receives depend on…” Ruth Sullivan further argues that the attention should depend on the case’s circumstances, audience, subject matter, legislation type, duration since enactment and precision of language among others. Boyd (2007, p. 76) asserts that judges possess significant discretion on such an approach, however, the discretion should be constrained and structured by decision-making, which is principle-based practice. It is therefore significant to note that the principles should be used as the guidelines in accordance with details of a particular case. The variable mentioned by Ruth Sullivan are quite relevant and should be applied in the task of resolving any complex interpretation of the statute. Rules of statutory Interpretation The first rule that is important and should be applied in the statutory interpretation is the rule of reading the statute literally by taking the plain meaning of the statute (Boyd, 2007, p. 76). The appealing simplicity of this rule is based on the rule of plain meaning, which requires that the statute’s words should be read in harmony with the grammatical and literal sense of the words. Boyd (2007, p. 77) objects the likelihood of courts reading a statute loosely or even attempting to impose their different construction on any given statute. Such attempts should be avoided at all costs even if a literal reading of the statute seems to lead to either incongruous or incorrect results. Boyd (2007
Introduction Employment is very essential in life as it caters for a livelihood to mankind. Without employment, today, millions of people would be living below poverty levels. As individuals work at various fields of duty, they are able to earn money that is used to buy several items. Most commonly, people are often employed as laborers or in white color jobs. Previously, labor work was the order of the day although this notion has changed over the past years 1 . In the early days, people got occupied with labor work such as construction work, shoemaking, working in agricultural farms among others. Before industrial revolution period, many people preferred working as laborers in various fields. Today however, the employment sector has taken a different dimension as people go after white color jobs instead. With introduction of education, individuals concentrate on profession s that would only land them in offices but not labor work. Unfortunately globalization has limited the opportunities of white color job s hence rendering them jobless 2 . It is for this reason why some people now consider the labor employment. Although labor employment was not a preferred area, it has really improved compared to the period before revolution. An example is the shoe industry which has improved because of new machinery and several factories. According to Dawley in class in community, wrote of the tremendous changes in the life of the shoemaker ’S” as the shoemaking industry moved from a cottage industry to the factory system. I
Abstract The currently integrated marketing communication concepts have been developing over time. They have moved from the historical marketing approaches that focused on the 4Ps to the current interactive market-place IMC. The argument is that marketing itself and marketing communication concepts are developing. The development of the integrated marketing communication is illustrated through structural and theoretical perspectives of three market-places which are presented according to location and information technology control. The assertion is that as information technology changes from one market-place to the next, definitive changes in the need for communication also develop. In addition, a furnished description of integrated marketing communication concept is provided. Based on this description, a four-stage alteration of IMC progression has been anticipated as businesses move from one period of IMC to the next based on their capabilities in capturing and managing information technology. Introduction In the last two decades, marketing and marketing communication have been working differently from the previous periods. In fact, marketing and marketing communication are under crucial scrutiny, especially with the advent of information communication technology (Cornelissen & Lock, 2000). Marketing and marketing communication emerge not only under the scrutiny of the organization boardrooms but also questioned around the globe. This scenario is quite unique, given the current information age. From this contrast, it can be deduced that marketing and marketing communication are undergoing a transformation. These evolutions provide a stage in which new approaches to marketing, communication and marketing communication could be innovated and implemented. Various researches recently done indicate that the integration of marketing communication tools offer the best solution to the current problems being faced. Integration is the incorporation of a wide range of activities and functions that have influence and impact on the dynamic flow of information between the firm and the stakeholders (Belch & Belch, 2006). The stakeholders, in this case, comprise of the customers, employees, shareholders, prospects as well as other crucial audiences. In other words, focusing on independent disciplines such as the public relations, advertising and sales promotion no longer holds true. It is also inappropriate to limit the responsibilities of marketing communication to a single outbound channel of communication. These are old concepts that have been found to be unable to fit and fulfill the needs of the current organization, customers or prospects. These concepts no longer fit the current firms because they were developed for those organizations that no longer drive businesses and for the market-place that do not exist as well as for media organizations whose dominances are long gone (Belch & Belch, 2006). Therefore, there is need for an integrated form of marketing communication that incorporates all the di
Background Good discipline in children is always the desire of every parent and for this reason; parents must know and learn strategies that constitute good discipline among their children. In advising parents about effectiveness, methods of instilling discipline in their children the relationship between the parents and the children, importance of good behaviours and consequences of bad behaviours are of great concern (Carey, 2003). The word discipline is adopted from a Greek word discipline, which can be interpreted as teaching or instructing. The early stages of a child’s development are essential in the development of a child discipline and any values that a child acquires at this stage of development will be reflected in their adulthood (Powers, 1990). The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate how parents can be effective in disciplining their children. The study therefore was an investigation on the effectiveness of the various methods that can be applied in instilling discipline among children (Kohlberg, 1992). In this study, the investigation was carried out among children below the school age. In addition, the main aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the different approaches that are taken by parents in disciplining their children. Good relationship between parents and their children is an effective method of promoting good discipline among children (Papalia, 2006). Good behaviour among children requires an effort from both the child and the parents and for this reason rewarding desirable behaviour is not only important in encouraging good behaviour but it can be an effective tool for instilling discipline among children. Punishment for bad behaviour has always been thought to be a solution for bad behaviour among children. However, corporal punishment is not an effective method of disciplining children (mash & Wolfe, 2008). Synthesis The relationship between parents and their children is an effective tool of promoting good behaviour. Children cannot be forced to have good behaviour and therefore encouraging good behaviour among children becomes effective in promoting good behaviours. Good relationship between the child and the parents ensures children of their security and hence promote their behaviour (Wallis, 2003). Rewarding children for good behaviour is an effective strategy of encouraging children to behave well (Sears & Maccoby 1976). The parents or guardians must make an effort in the promotion of good behaviour among children and hence rewarding children for their good behaviour is a method that has been known to work. Although punishing children for the mistakes they commit has been applied by many parents, as a method for promoting good behaviour among children the fact is that this met
Introduction General Overview of John Donne’s Life and Poetry An English poet, priest and lawyer, John Donne is considered to be one of the most prominent representatives of metaphysical movement in poetry. Sensual and realistic style of his works is incorporated in his sonnets, sires, love poetry, epigrams, elegies, religions poems, and sermons. Donne’s style is also marked by various paradoxes, dislocations as well as abrupt opening, which indicates constantly changing patterns of the poet’s life (Clements 21). Along with these distinctive features, his works also combine dramatic speech rhythms, tough eloquence, and tense syntax that contract conventional smoothness of the Elizabethan poetry. In this respect, Donne’s works rigidly deviate from existing tradition; instead of historical and methodological narratives, he made use of alternative genres to combine contrastive and ambivalent features, as presented in his two poetical works – The Flea and A Nocturnal Upon St. Lucy’s Day, Being the Shortest Day . One the one hand, both poems popularize the theme of love and acts celebrating sexuality that are expressed through metaphorical representation. One the other hand, Donne is toughly committed to religious themes unveiling the poets protest against established traditions claiming that it is better to carefully analyze one’s religions confessions before blindly following the commonly accepted rules. However, this obscurity and ambivalence presented in this works also explain the author’s metaphysical approaches to mediating and unusual techniques in rendering his thoughts. Main Discussion Seduction in Donne’s Poetry as an Act of Erotic
Case Scenario Blue Nile Inc. has been one of the leading online diamond and certified jewellery seller for the last one decade. The company was found in 1999. However, it went public in the year 2004. Since then, it has been experiencing a tremendous growth in its operations and activities. Blue Nile Inc. has managed to establish a strong brand name in the jewellery industry. Through its high quality products and state of the art services, the company has been able to satisfy the needs of its customers. As a result, most of its customers have been loyal to the brand. This has not only enabled Blue Nile to maintain its customers but also to attract new ones. This has in turn resulted to an increase in its annual revenue since the company was incorporated. In the year 2009, Blue Nile Inc reported annual revenue of $302 million. This is a great indicator of the growth of the company and the success it is enjoying. The company had reported an annual revenue of $169.2 million in the year 2004. Despite the success that the company has been enjoying, it is yet to realise its mid-term and long-term goals. Blue Nile Inc. wishes to expand its activities into overseas markets. In addition, the company want to encourage customers to shop on line for diamonds and other related jewellery. To achieve these goals, Blue Nile Inc has come up with several strategies. To determine if these strategies will be successful, a SWOT analysis shall be conducted to determine the chances of success that Blue Nile has. SWOT Analysis In the course of its operations, Blue Nile has a number of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and costs. The main strength that Blue Nile Inc. has is a strong brand name. The company has been renowned for its high quality products that are as per the consumers specification. Due to this, many customers have been attracted to the companys products. The company also has impressive turnover rations. In 2009, the company had a fixed asset turnover ratio of 39.08 3.86 7.18 7.30. It also had a ratio 60% return on equity ratio. These figures are much higher than that of its competitors. Furthermore, its products are valuable since are of high quality. However, there are a number of online companies and brick and mortar jewellers. Another weakness that the company faces is the availability of materials. Blue Nile does not have a source of raw materials. Therefore, it relies on its suppliers for products. This reduces the ease at which the product can be acquired. However, some opportunities may assist the company to achieve its goals. First, the United States has a stable political environment. Therefore, there is no political interference that may affect the operations of the company. Furthermore, the countries that Blue Nile wants to expand into, like England, have good diplomatic relations with USA. Despite the recession that has been experienced in USA since 2008, Blue Nile Inc. has been able to increase its revenue. This is as a