ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The literary work is a reflection of what is happening in society. Authors normally voice their opinions about issues affecting the society through various themes. These themes are closely linked together through analysis of a character’s actions. In the contemporary society, the introduction of literature research has extensively increased the volume of literature in every topic of interest, especially in use of expression tools such as metaphors, to present a symbolic view that a character display in a play. Irrespective of the level of knowledge and understanding of research facets, literature versions are inclusive of tools such as metaphors, similes, and figures. Literature comparison is about enjoying the phrases, feeling the narrator’s words in action, imagining, and placing oneself in the writer’s shoes. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly explore the intersections between fate and free will in the play, Oedipus the King, by Sophocles. Indeed, the play is significant, although it expresses concealed implication to readers. Intersections between fate and free will The key aspects of Sophocles’ play capture the learners’ interest in the purpose of comedy and twist of fate. The life of Oedipus is characterized by fate. His parents, Laius and Jocasta, tried to honor the pronouncement by the oracles on the fate of their young child. Oedipus was then taken away. In a twist of fate, Oedipus becomes a powerful prince in a distant city and later ends the life of his father. Further, Oedipus married Jocasta, who was his mother. In another incident, Oedipus was quick to run as far as possible away from a couple he thought were his real parents but ends up taking the life of his biological father (Sophocles 23). Also, as Oedipus was on his long journey, with the primary intention of changing his fate, he meets a horrendous monster called the Sphinx. Oedipus was successful in disentangling the dilemma of the Sphinx and was rewarded the gift of being the ruler of a distant kingdom called Thebes. As a portion of the victory package, Oedipus was given the green light to marry his mother, who was the queen of Thebes. In a twist of fate, the queen of Thebes was his biological mother. Oedipus ends up honoring everything he struggled to avoid as fate had planned. All these events occur without any of the parties, realizing the influence of fate in their positions. It is only at the end of this story that Oedipus and the mother realized that the predictions of the oracle were accurate. The story ends with a tragedy involving the death of Oedipus’ mother. Oedipus suffered the same fate since he could not live with the death of his wife, who doubled up as his mother. From this reflection, it is apparent that the tragedy confirmed the influence of fate in the
It is imperative to note that comedy is an exciting topic for discussion, and some of the jokes over the years have been quite controversial. Rape is a subject matter that is incredibly worrying, and most individuals are not aware of the severity of this problem. One of the videos suggests that the dissimilarity between jokes that are well-structured and focused on exaggeration and the openly sexist ones is tremendous (“Rape Joke Supercut: I Can’t Believe You Clapped for That”). This topic has led to many disagreements, and many individuals think that any complaints are not reasonable. It is understandable that an enormous percentage of the population enjoys dark comedy, and many people believe that there should be no limitations on what issues can be discussed. It is imperative to understand that it is not possible to dictate what should be considered funny and whatnot. Kramer suggests that the way such jokes are perceived is affected by an ethical and political position of a person (160). On the other hand, the issue is that many people are not aware of the scope of this issues and why it is so problematic. They do not understand the psychological and physical trauma that victims have to deal with, and the process of recovery may also be complicated. The most significant issue that needs to be discussed is that some of the jokes are focused on blaming women that were raped, and they do not recognize that people could not control the situation. It is evident that many companies such as Facebook do not support this kind of humor and take necessary measures to ensure that it is avoided (Laidlaw 122). The fact that many think that it the fault of victims is worrying, and one should educate himself or herself on this topic before making such jokes. Individuals that oppose this perspective may suggest that the shock factor is one of the approaches that are frequently used by comedians, and some aspects are exaggerated. Men are not the only ones that are known for this type of humor. Many women also do not view rape jokes as problematic, and there is a significant difference in perception of such comedy and real offenses (Krishnan 67). Sexual violence has become such an enormous problem that it would be reasonable to exclude this topic from comedy because many individuals are misinformed (Raphael 83). One of the studies has shown that there are consequences of this problem, and the level of person body surveillance increases after women have
Introduction GLO-BUS is a company that experiences struggles in the drone market, and relevant changes to improve the company’s performance have to be introduced to overcome the competitors. This paper will define specific numerical modifications that have to be made in each region to gain a competitive advantage and become one of the market leaders. North America When addressing the situation in North America, the company can change its location in the positioning chart and become closer to the competitors D and H. Consequently, the enterprise has to maintain its reputation at the existent level (94) while it has to focus on B2C (Business-to-Consumer) advertising campaigns such as social media and interactive website. The current price-to-quality ratio (3.1/5.0) has to be improved while aiming at a benchmark of 4.0/5.0 and higher. Apart from using marketing as one of the instruments to increase customer satisfaction, it is essential to reduce the number of models. In this instance, diminishing the number from five to four will make advertising efforts more effective while having a positive impact on market share and customer base. A combination of these factors will offer an opportunity to increase price levels and cause a positive shift in revenue per unit. Consequently, elevating prices up to $1,550 ($230 higher) will position the company close to competitors K, D, and H. As for retailers, the discount has to be decreased from 27% to 14.5%, and the marketing spending ($5,000) and warranty period (360 days) have to remain the same. The discount will be reasonable to decrease due to the enlarged market share associated with a combination of B2B (Business-to-Business) and B2C promotion strategies. As for marketing, the expenditure will remain the same, but its effectiveness can be enhanced with the help of content advertising, social media marketing, and interactive website. Europe-Africa Similarly to the situation in North America, the company has to focus on enhancing the price-to-quality ratio (4.2/5.0) in Europe-Africa. This goal can be reached with the help of different advertising methods such as content marketing and social media, as they are discovered as the most effective ones to increase the recognition in the B2C segment. Consequently, marketing expenditure will remain the same, but it can also be reduced to $4,000 if possible. However, to ensure its effectiveness, it may be necessary to decrease the number of provided models from five to four. This matter is expected to have an advantageous impact not only on advertising but also on sales volumes of these products and their price-to-quality ratio. As for pricing, as it was mentioned previously, the company tended to have a price that was below the average value. In this instance, the enterprise can consider slowly increasing it (from $1,320 to $1,500) after the manipulations and marke
Introduction According to Al-Johani (1-3), the view of Jesus in the Qur’an is based on two boundaries. The two extremes are based on both Christianity and Judaism perception of Jesus. On the one hand, Muslims believed that the Jews rejected the teachings of Jesus and referred to him as a phony. On the other hand, they believe that Christians valued Jesus and his teaching and continued to pray to him as the son of God. The Islamic beliefs about Jesus are based on tolerance, and he is believed to be one of the greatest prophets that ever lived. Similar to Christianity, the Muslims believe that Jesus is the Messiah. Reynolds (237-238) reports that the Islamic religion believes in respect of Allah’s messengers and oneness in God. Unlike the bible, the Qur’an does not offer a detailed history of Jesus (Shoemaker 12-13). However, it analyses important issues related to his birth, works on earth, and his ascension into heaven. In addition, religion also talks about Jesus’s purpose on earth and its impact on the lives of human beings. Al-Johani (1-3) explains that Jesus was born by a virgin mother. Her name was Maryam (Arabic), and the birth of her son is described as miraculous as he had no father. In reference to the Qur’an, Maryam isolated herself from her family and travelled east. Prior to her journey, an angel appeared and revealed to her about her pregnancy. The angel (Gabriel) also explained to her that God decreed Jesus, and he would be born as a sign of Allah’s love for humanity. Therefore, Jesus was incarnate of Allah, he was a prophet of Allah who came to teach human beings about the commandments of God, and the importance of living in accordance with His will. The aim of the current research is to assess the origin of Jesus in Islam and compare this with Christianity and Judaism views on the same. The nativity of Jesus in the Qur’an Ur-Rahim (5-7) indicates that Jesus is referred to as Isa Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary) in the Qur’an. He is considered the Messiah and the prophet of God. Moreover, he was sent by Allah to spread the gospel and save the children of Israel. Reynolds (237-239) reports that there are 14 suras (90 verses) that speak about Jesus. However, the holy book seems to focus more on the lives of Abraham and Moses than that of Isa Ibn Maryam. This has led some scholars to argue that Allah did not pay so much regard to Jesus in comparison to the other prophets. The Qur’an focuses on Jesus in both the Meccan and the Medinan era. The resistance of Muhammad’s teachings characterized the Meccan era, while the Medinan era was regarded as the period when Muslims exhibited hostility toward Judaism and the Jews. Ur-Rahim (1-5) explains that the origin of Jesus in Islam begins
The sociology of religion owes much of its origin to those processes in European society that began with the era of the Enlightenment and anti-feudal bourgeois revolutions. One of the most important sources of the sociology of religion was the socio-philosophical criticism of feudal social relations and the church as a social institution (OpenStax et al. 334-338). This criticism contributed to arousing interest in questions about the social conditioning of religion and its role in society. Religion stands out from the totality of social institutions as a phenomenon of a special kind, in relation to which all other social realities are regarded as secular. The phrase “Religion is the opiate of the masses” is attributed to Vladimir Lenin, although for the first time Karl Marx used the expression that religion is the opium of the people in his work A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, published in 1844. Marx borrowed a comparison of religion with opium from Christian socialist Charles Kingsley (OpenStax et al. 339-340). One can agree with this phrase in the sense that religion reduces the pain of social beings in an inhuman society. However, today it can hardly be said that in developed societies, religion has a ‘stupefying’ effect on people. In modern European societies, civic religiosity plays the role of a religious factor, influences collective memory in a particular nation, and promotes the regeneration and maintenance of common social and political goals. In a secularized society, civil religion continues to shape social life and gives a sense of belonging to social life, working as a tool for integration and inclusion in the national context, and also acts as a factor in the conflict in the political sphere, which is emphasized by conflict theorists. At the same time, religious teachings everywhere imply an unequal, subordinate position of women in societyiswhich in a wider context is also due to a commitment to the patriarchal nature of social relations. In addition, religion acts as a means of social control. Emerging social relationships have built a generally accessible regulatory system that has spread throughout the social community (OpenStax et al. 337). The historical significance of religion lies in the fact that throughout the course of the development of mankind during the transition from one socioeconomic formation to another, it contributed to the establishment and strengthening of new social relations and the formation of strong centralized states. Reference OpenStax et al. Introduction to Sociology 2e . XanEdu Publishing, 2015.
Introduction Maintaining Effective Relationships Facilitating cooperation between scholars and practitioners is a crucial step in furthering the development of a specific discipline. As a result, noticeable improvements can be achieved. In their article, Buick, Blackman, O’Flynn, O’Donnell, and West (2015) consider the means of enhancing communication between a practitioner and a scholar. By introducing new ideas such as coproduction and addressing the problems such as the research-practice gap, Buick et al. (2015) contribute to the solution of the problem greatly. Strengths What Makes the Article Stand out The authors scrutinize the concept of “co production” (Buick et al., 3015, p. 35), therefore, tackling the predicament in a direct and unambiguous manner. The phenomenon of co production partnership can be interpreted as the idea of working together to determine the research problem and search for its solutions. Buick et al. (2015), therefore, should be given credit for the uninhibited way in which they inspect the dilemma. The direct and well-structured method of analysis helps identify the solutions much faster and more efficiently. Furthermore, Buick et al. (2015) do not shy away from some of the controversial aspects of the obstacle, e.g., the tensions between scholars and practitioners. Instead, they suggest the means of managing the conflicts including the idea to “contextualize research problems” (Buick et al., 2015, p. 37). As a result, new pathways of handling the issue are located. Weaknesses What Needs Further Improvements However, some of the aspects of the paper could use improvements. For example, the challenges of co production partnerships seem to be described very briefly. A deeper insight into the problem would have been a welcome addition to the paper. Adding to the Knowledge Base The Contribution Nevertheless, the researchers have contributed to the management of the issue extensively. For example, a detailed description of the coproduction partnership as a concept served as the foil for designing an entirely new approach toward managing the practitioner-scholar relationships. Moreover, the emphasis on long-term relationships between practitioners and scholars that the project built by Buick et al. (2015) serves as the foundation for creating the knowledge base that will, later on, help improve the quality of services extensively. Furthermore, the concept of self-awareness that Buick et al. (2015) suggest as the tool for reducing
Introduction Vertical integration as a management style involves integration of the supply chain to accommodate the different products that company deals in line with the market specific demands. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly propose a strong vertical integration process for the Zeizt Fashion Company. Besides, the paper explores the fashion product description, location, human resource needed, required material for the fashion product, and market forecast. Product description The Zeizt Fashion Company has been in existence for more than three decades. The company is based in Los Angeles and specializes in manufacturing and retailing of clothes. Reflectively, this company needs a strong vertical integration in its industrial organization. From a single location, the company will control its designing, cutting, sewing, finishing, dyeing, distribution and marketing process for its fashion product. There is need to segment and disfranchise the fashion product within a systematic control system that monitors production progress. Moreover, there is need to develop a successful distribution and in-house advertisements and promotions without having to outsource other industry players. This may be achieved through adoption of the FMS system (Bowman 7). Production efficiency is critical in the production line since it is characterized by optimal utilization of allocated factors of production within the least possible cost. From the above refection, it is apparent that the company will gain in the long run through the FMS proposal. Despite lower returns on investment below the projection, the overall effect of adopting this proposal will have benefits that will outweigh its limitations. For instance, when the FMS is fully adopted as proposed, the reduction in cost of factors of production such as labor and reduced actual production costs will result in accumulated gains as a result of controlled costs that are recurring (Andrea and Romano 24). When the recurring costs such as labor, production space, and cost of machinery are curtailed within a manageable level, the company will increase its retu
The reconstruction plan proposed by President Lincoln, also known as the “ten percent plan,” included three parts that proclaimed amnesty to all citizens of the South except Confederate officials and leaders in the military (Corbett et al., 2020). The plan suggested that ten percent of the population of rebel states should pledge allegiance to the United States to allow quick resolution of the emancipation issue and make it more acceptable. The last step of Lincoln’s plan allowed the confederate states to develop new constitutions. As Johnson supported his predecessor’s views, he was willing to promptly return the Southern states to the Union with a forgiving approach. Johnson’s Reconstructions plan suggested amnesty for all rebellious southerners with a return of the property except for slaves, only asking them to confirm their endorsement of the United States Constitution. Johnson’s lenient reconstruction plan resulted in blacks being re-enslaved, which aggravated Johnson’s resistance to Congress (Corbett et al., 2020). Congressional Reconstruction Plan included Civil Rights Bill that provided citizenship for former slaves and Fourteenth Amendment, with a statement that the Union would not welcome back the states that would not ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. The 1877 Compromise marked the ending of the Reconstruction era as U.S. troops left the South. The compromise had a significant impact on African-Americans, as in the return of federal troops’ withdrawal, the Democrats promised to respect the right of African-Americans. Hayes believed that southerners would be subject to Reconstruction’s constitutional amendments that protected the right of freed slaves (Corbett et al., 2020). However, according to Byman (2021), the Compromise of 1877 resulted in white violence and the era of second slavery, with the disenfranchisement of Black Americans. White supremacy “was backed by the power of law” and supported by elected officials (Byman, 2021). White supremacists reversed the policies developed through Reconstruction to subordinate African-Americans.
Learning approaches and principles used by Jack’s Link on their website Jack’s Link has used several learning approaches and principles on their website to teach consumers the health aspects of their beef jerky. They have created exciting brand personalities which they use to target different personalities with their core message of healthy benefits of the products. The website has a specially designed section called the “Who are you?” page. On this page, they have developed several personality types which they use to target specific consumer segments with the products that best suit them and that are likely to interest them hence create awareness of the different offerings. Jack’s Link has been able to teach consumers the health aspects of their beef jerky effectively by properly segmenting and targeting their communication on their different products to specific groups/ segments of the community. This has created new demand for their products from new, non-traditional beef jerky markets most specifically the health conscious female segment and mothers with children. Through the use of the website, they have been able to position beef jerky as a main stream snack and a healthy alternative to other salty snacks. Brand Personality Dimensions Jack’s Link has created brand personality dimensions based on sport/adventure analogies for example there is the enthusiast, the health nut and the adventure seeker. By using these exciting brand personalities, they are able to effectively market their beef jerky products by creating buzz and excitement around their brand in ways that other traditional beef jerky producers have not explored in the past. This has led to consumers re-appraising beef jerky and specifically their brands and thus they have been able to gain considerable market share in the beef jerky market and the larger salty snacks market as a whole. Tactics to establish Brand Personality Jack’s Link has used several tactics to establish their brand personality and bring it to life in ways that it resonates with their target market and they are able to relate to the brand at both a functional and emotional level. They have developed a campaign named ‘feed your wild side’ which is also the theme of their website. They have also developed commercials which are quirky and targeted at the youth which is a segment they have identified as a key driver for growth in this segment and one which hasn’t been adequately exploited. Each of the profiles that they have created on their website represents a specific segment of the market and they make sure that they target all their communication to each of the six different profiles. This has enabled them to cut through the clutter in the market and also avoid the one size fits all kind of reasoning. Attitude change strategy Jack’s Link has embarked on a strategy to change consumer perceptions and beliefs regarding beef jerky, its target consumer and its profile as a healthy snack. Traditionally beef jerky