ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
On September 28, 2010, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) filed a lawsuit against Asian World of Martial Arts, Inc. for allegedly violating the Age Discrimination in Employment Act by sacking an employee because of his age (EEOC, 2010). The Philadelphia-based leading mail and retail distributor of martial arts supplies was sued after firing the seventy-four year old Morris Pashko, who had faithfully served the company in different capacities for over twenty years. According to the newly introduced policy of the company, which was unknown to him, he had surpassed the mandatory retirement age of sixty-seven and therefore the company’s president, Georgette Ciukurescu, compelled him to leave. In spite of his exemplary record, the company made the decision to sack him on November 14, 2007, and his termination was to be effective two weeks later. Sadly, he got the message about the decision while he was on leave and getting better in a hospital bed after undergoing an operation. His pleas to be added more time landed on deaf ears. The filing of this lawsuit by the EEOC has serious ramifications for the company. Asian World of Martial Arts might have sacked Pashko because it thought that his age could not guarantee a better term of service that could make it mitigate the costs of job training. The implementation of this unfavorable criterion may make the company to risk losing the commitment of its most valuable assets: its employees. Few employees aspire to work for a company having such limiting policies. In addition, the employees already working for it are likely to be less motivated because of fear of being the next victims. More so, the ensuing publicity of this lawsuit can make the company lose its public image. The EEOC is a self-governing federal regulatory agency that is endowed with the task of preventing unauthorized discrimination of employees at the place of work. The agency’s main role appertains to eliminating all sorts of discriminatory practices based on race, skin color, disability, nationality, gender, and religious affiliation. In a bid to make equal employment opportunity a reality in this age, the federal agency performs various tasks. Some of these are giving free technical advice to companies and individuals, carrying out public education on discriminatory practices, coming up with guidelines that establish the framework for implementation of the discrimination laws, and making implementation guidelines, which deduce important standards found in the law, available. In addition, the agency receives and addresses grievances of discrimination brought before it by employees. However, it only takes the action to sue the company in a federal court after failed attempts at conciliation of the matter. In this lawsuit, the EEOC had a defining role. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) mandates
Issue Patient falls can be discussed as one of the most serious threats to patient safety in hospitals and medical centers. The problem is in the fact that accidental falls can cause significant patients’ injuries and fractures while affecting the patients’ overall physical state and treatment outcomes. The problem of patient falls is typical for different types of hospitals, and patient falls are reported for 2% of hospital stays. The factors which can be discussed as influencing the risk of the fall are the patients’ age, physical state and the severity of illness, psychological state and mental status. The problem of patient falls in hospitals should be addressed with the help of using the appropriate technologies because patient falls can affect the quality of the provided health care significantly. There are many reasons to address the problem of patient falls in hospitals. Thus, according to Bouldin, “the rates of falls in US hospitals range from 3.3 to 11.5 falls per 1,000 patient days” (Bouldin, 2013, p. 13). Moreover, “25% of falls in hospitalized patients result in injury, and 2% result in fractures” (Bouldin, 2013, p. 13-14). In 2008, about 19 thousand “older adults died from unintentional fall injuries” (Ferrari, Harrison, & Rawashdeh, 2012, p. 13). In addition, patient falls result in increasing the costs associated with patient care. That is why the specific act according to which the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) should not pay for health care costs on patient falls was signed in 2008. Technology Innovation The technology which can address the problem of patient falls in hospitals is the five-sensor motion detection wireless system (5S-MDS). The system works based on the use of wearable motion sensors. The wearable motion sensors can measure the patient’s movement in space. Wearable monitoring devices are based on the use of accelerometers in combination with a gyroscope to detect falls and associated movements. The connection of accelerometers, a gyroscope, and Bluetooth technology allows the accurate real-time monitoring and prevention of falls. The patients’ movements are not only detected but also visualized with the help of video recording. Why Can the 5S-MDS Address the Problem? The answer to this question is in the fact that the 5S-MDS detects the changes in the patients’ movements. As a result, the patients’ movements that lead to the fall can be recognized. That is why the use of the 5S-MDS allows the prevention of patient falls in hospitals. The received video reports are real-time, and the prevention of falls becomes possible. Why Can the 5S-MDS Be Considered as the Best Choice? The 5S-MDS is the best choice to cope with the problem because the sensors detect the patients’ movements accurately. Moreover, patient falls can be prevented, and the 5S-MDS can serve as the early warning system. The patients and nurses discuss the use of the sensors as acceptable and easy. In addition, the traditional systems and technologies such as bed alarms, video monitoring, a
Responding to Dynamic Business Challenges-Strategically & Operationally Chipotle responds to internal challenges by upgrading its systems Chipotle is famous for its foods such as burritos, tacos, burrito bowls and salads. In the last few years, the restaurant chain has undergone rapid expansion, effectively necessitating the growth of their staff as well. Typical of any expanding business entity, Chipotle experienced internal challenges especially concerning management of the growing volumes of transactions. This growth of transactions was especially as a result of expansion to new markets such as Canada and Europe. Besides the transactions, the company experienced complexities and growing expenses associated with management of large numbers of restaurant stores 1 . Amidst all the challenges of growth and expansion, Chipotle managed to deploy an E-business suit greatly boosting the enterprise resource planning capabilities of the company. One of the main ways in which the deployment of this technology has helped is through boosting the scalability and flexibility in the company’s operations in the quest to expand to the rest of the US. For instance, Chipotle is now handling between 40,000- 50,000 invoices per month with the majority of that –approximately 80% utilizing electronic data interchange. Through the system, it is now possible for the company’s management to accurately monitor over 3000 project related activities of the company at any given time. Through the manage
One of the most commonly used dependent variables in the field of criminal justice is recidivism. In this case, a ratio measurement scale is being used because it includes the possibility to use zero on a scale. That is important because zero on a scale means the total absence of the needed variable. Indeed, it is true that in some cases, the people who once committed a crime do not repeat it once again after their release. At this point, it is essential to define the concept of recidivism. In criminal justice, recidivism is understood as criminal acts that were committed during the three years after the release from the prison and led to “rearrest, reconviction or return to prison with or without a new sentence” (National Institute of Justice, n.d., para. 1). The reliability and validity of the measurements depend on the source of the data used. Measuring recidivism rates is important because it helps to estimate the efficiency of policies directed at the prevention of recidivism after the release. Another dependent variable widely applied in the field of criminal justice is crime. It is a nominal variable because an action could be either legal or illegal. Therefore, this variable is used to calculate the number of actions that refer to either of two contradictory categories: illegal activity and legal activity. A crime is conceptualized as an action that contravenes federal or local laws. There are many subtype
Introduction Action research (AR) covers both action and research outcomes. Action research relies on a participative approach in achieving change and responsiveness to situations. AR achieves change by searching for absolute evidence in an existing situation. AR focuses on action and critical reflection of results in order to give solutions. Therefore, action and research enhance each other. AR strives to improve work practices through a collaborative inquiry in planning, acting, observing, and reflecting in order to get a better understanding of change and development processes. AR aims to pass the control of practice over to an individual teacher in a given setting. The idea is to enable the practitioners to follow certain actions and reflection procedures to enable them to improve upon the unsatisfactory situation. The procedure identifies a problem and subsequently provides resolution through the processes of observation, solution, action, reflection, and modification (Sleeter & Cornbleth, 2011). Proponents of AR view the observer as the primacy who offers a course of action for others to follow. However, there are still some theoretical aspects that guide the course of actions the observer undertakes. Prevalent approaches to action research The fundamental aim of AR in pedagogy is to research aspects of teaching or assessment practices, students’ learning experience or academic performance, and another appropriate variable in learning processes. The prevalent methods or approaches to action research include the use of questionnaires, observation, and interviews. In AR, questionnaire research covers both the questionnaire (to find out information about peoples’ habits, behaviors, and demographics) and measurement or attitude scale design (to measure peoples’ attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors). The respondents have the opportunity to complete the questionnaire honestly than they might respond to questions in an interview, particularly if they can provide their responses anonymously. Paper-based and electronic surveys are flexible, and the respondent can complete them at his or her own time and convenience. However, not all respondents will provide feedback to the researcher. This survey is useful when the researcher needs quantitative data from a large sample of the study. The researcher should be careful when designing questionnaires in order to design questionnaires that will give analyzable data (Norton, 2009). Another approach in AR is to conduct an observational study. The researcher must decide what behavior to observe and how he will record his findings. The observational approach involves three types of observation. Indirect observation, the respondents know that the researcher is observing them. This method has the advantage of no deception. However, it creates an artificial behavior among respondents because they know that they are under observation by the researcher. This is suitable for teaching because the nature of teaching requires some observation to see how learnin
Introduction In the current state of the health industry, numerous developments have been realized and most of them are products of the advancement in technological breakthroughs. The medical field, in particular, has been bee experiencing unmatched growth and improvement. However, the numerous breakthroughs have been both advantageous and disadvantageous. Some of the randomly raised issues with regard to technology in the medical filed include ethical concerns. This paper seeks to prove that the involvement of technology is of great benefit to the human race than it is harmful. Research question How do technology aid practitioners in the medical field and how does its inclusion in the health practice add value to the human race? Medical technology as a discipline Medical technology is also known as clinical laboratory science (Giannicola, Sacchetti, & Cinotti, 2014). In this field, students are prepared in chemistry, microbiology, and hematology among other related subjects in the file (Giannicola et al., 2014). Professionals in this field are absorbed in the medical industry as medical technologists or clinical laboratory technicians. Medical technology professionals are mostly involved in medical researches and scientific studies due to their in-depth understanding of the microorganisms. Medical technology as a filed Technology as a broad field has numerous effects in our daily live. Health is one of the greatest fields in human life that technology has really been useful. Technology and its prevalence has become an inevitable phenomenon not only in the healthcare systems but all in other sectors such transport, communication and security among other areas. Like any other phenome
Global Governance In the face of globalization and multiple international challenges, the need for a coordinated international action emerges. Global governance may provide all the solutions needed to ensure global sustainability. In the first chapter of their book, Chan et al. write about the nature, purposes, and goals of the given phenomenon and discuss the major barriers to effective international cooperation and equal distribution of welfare. The term “global governance” largely differs from conventional notions of politics. Overall, it can be defined as a sum of well-coordinated actions and decisions made by individuals and various institutions to handle global problems and find solutions that can bring favorable changes. Global governance has a purpose “to bolster order, stability, and predictability in international transactions and cross-border activities in the absence of the overarching central authority” (Chan et al. 11). Particular practices related to the given form of leadership and administration include the development of international norms and laws, promotion of human rights, and engagement in international conferences and discussions, such as G20 and G8, aimed to generate new ideas and solutions. National governments always remain the major public entities that can respond to global problems of current interest (Chan et al. 9). However, the researchers emphasize that one needs to differentiate the term “global governance” from the concept of global government and world federalism (Chan et al. 9). It means that global governance has nothing in common with sovereignty and supreme power. While sovereignty implies that only one governing entity has the full right and authority to impose control over the situation and no other parties are involved in the decision-making process, global governance means the opposite thing. It implies that many national governing bodies can influence the course of the situation development through cooperation and achievement of a consensus. The major goal of trans-sovereign cooperation is to promote and equally disseminate public goods. Overall, the public good can be defined as common social welfare and its material and intangible attributes, in particular. The public good may relate to financial performance, employment, housing, environment, healthcare, nutrition, and so on. As Chan et al. observe, the main characteristics of the global public good are non-rivalry and non-exclusivity in consumption, which means that each of those goods is distributed equally across countries and individuals (20). To a large extent, all people regardless of their cultural identity and nationality usually agree on many global public goods because all human beings have the same basic needs for safety, health, etc. Nevertheless, some countries still may have opposing views on public goods. It
Introduction For any organization, the composition of the workforce is a major contributing factor to the success of the organization in achieving its organizational goals. For this particular reason, the process of recruiting new staff is of critical importance to the management as to the organization. This explains why the management often than not invest many organizational resources in the recruitment process. This paper pay attention to the last two steps in the process, which are among the most important in the process and can influence the success or failure in the recruitment process. Background Checking The main concept revolving around this stage is approving the information provided by the applicant and establishing from various sources whether they meet the requirements of the organization before extending the offer to work with the organization (Herbert & Timothy, 1995). One of the checks important to mangers at this level is the credit checks. The hiring manager or their administrative support need to verify the validity of the educational information, employment history and professional associations including licenses if any (George & Scott, 2009). In the case of internal applicants, the hiring manager might not require checking references but might be required to conduct the organization-based supervisor. Verifying the education information requires the manager to start from the highest level achieved to the lowest. On the other hand, verifying the professional licenses is important only if these licenses are relevant to the position applied for The other verification that is of paramount importance is that of the criminal records. In this verification, the manager is not necessarily required to check criminal records but rather the applicant reports on personal records and the management then reviews the information provided by the applicant (George & Scott, 2009). At this point, it is important that the information be reviewed in line with the context to avoid wrongful disqualification of candidates. Documentation Candidates who pass the backgrounds checks are eligible for employment in the organization and therefore, at this stage, the employer makes an offer and extends a contract to the recruits. One of the most important roles of the employment contract is that it sets out right and responsibilities between the two bargaining parties and secondly it states the terms of service (White, Willard & Thorner, 1982). The contract must comply with the requirements of law and therefore may vary from country to country based on the legal requirement. The contract must bring out clearly certain aspects of the agreement. The first is the duties and remuneration of the recru
Introduction From a historical point of view, abortion has found use as one of the ways to prevent births in the society. It was only in mid-nineteenth century that the United States legally prohibited the practice. Until the 1960s, no one appeared to challenge the laws that had been enacted to prohibit the procurement of abortion. However, during the 1960s, the abortion laws were successfully challenged by an abortion reform movement. This led to the modification of a number of the state laws to allow physicians to procure abortions, but on the basis of the specific cases at hand (Lamanna & Reidmann, p. 286). This has effectively culminated in a heated debate between on the one hand, pro-life activities and on the other hand, their pro-choice counterparts. As such, abortion remains a major political, religious and social issue. Throughout the various cultures and historical periods, there has been a variation in the societal attitudes regarding the issue of abortion. Many researchers have endeavored to undertake the attitudes and views of the various groups of individuals within the society on the issue of abortion. A majority of these surveys are in the form of opinion polls, and the study respondents differ in terms of geographical regions, race, gender, religious backgrounds, and age, among other variables. In light of this, the research paper shall endeavor to discuss the various views and attitudes held by the diverse members of the society regarding the issue of abortion. Further, the paper shall also attempt to identify an approach of finding a common round on the problem at hand. Societal attitudes and views on abortion Attitudes and views of medical professionals Societal attitudes and views on abortion differ on the basis of professionalism, gender, age, and geographical region, among other variations. For example, a study on the attitudes of medical students in the UK on abortion that was carried out by Gleeson et al (2008) revealed that only limited research has been carried out into the attitudes of doctors and medical students regarding the issue of abortion. His is despite that fact that policy makers need to be fully informed about the views of the health care professionals who are involved directly in the provision of abortion services. As such, a change in the views of these professionals could in fact have practical consequences in as far as the provision of abortion services is concerned, in the days ahead. In their study, Gleeson et al (2008) surveyed a total of 300 medical students regarding their views and attitudes on abortions. In addition, the medical students were also interviewed about their beliefs regarding the rights of the mother, the status of the fetus. The researchers also sought to assess the attitudes of the medical students towards the laws of abortion in the UK, along with their willingness to partake in the