ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Inter-service Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan manages vital information related to the country’s national security (Mohiuddin, 2007). Gen William Cawthome established the ISI in the year 1947 during the Indo-Pakistan war. The institution was formed to solve the problem of the intelligence failure in the collection of information and because of lack of coordination among the Pakistani forces. Around the the1950s, President Ayub Khan increased the importance of the institution by allowing it to oversee the opposition’s politics and the country’s military actions (Oakley & Gady, 2009). Ever since then, the ISI has collaborated with other intelligence bodies, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In this paper, a critique about an article focusing on the Pakistan Inter-service Intelligence is provided. In the article, the author asserts that the institution has defended the national security of Pakistan. I do not agree with the writer’s arguments because the organization has failed in the management of the Pakistan intelligence service. I believe that it does not focus enough on fulfilling its mandate. As such, the institution has been manipulated by the past dictators and wars. For instance, the President of Pakistan Ayub Khan tried to improve the organization by enhancing its roles during his reign. From then on, the ISI was expected to be a self-governed and self-managed company since it was no longer obliged to either the president or the leadership within the army of Pakistan (Oakley & Gady, 2009). However, that is not the case because the government still has a huge influence on the institution. Equally, I believe that the Pakistan Inter-service Intelligence has diverted from its mandate. Currently, it is marred with cases of corruption, which include narcotics peddling among the ISI leaders and staff. In addition, there is a huge amount of money flowing within the ISI, which cannot be accounted for transparently (Ghosh, 2000). I believe that the money collected from drug selling is used by the ISI to fuel the ongoing wars in Kashmir against India. In my opinion, the ISI misses its fundamental role of defending Pakistan’s national security when they engage in the above-mentioned activities. Therefore, the author should have highlighted how the institution acted in external wars in Afghanistan and India. Equally, the researcher should have acknowledged that the ISI failed to collect the intelligence information required by the Pakistan government regarding
Introduction Research Background In the last two decades, cases of obesity have significantly increased. This is a health disorder that is caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet. Obesity arises when the weight of an individual increase to the point above a body mass index of approximately 28 (Sweeting, 2007). When an individual consumes food that has a higher amount of fat, then he or she is likely to gain weight. Obesity does not arise from a higher percentage of calories consumed from fat but to an increase in total calories related to the high caloric content of fat when compared to the other micronutrients. Obesity is considered the key cause of other health disorders such as heart diseases, cancers, and diabetes, among others. Specifically, recent statistics suggest that 5% of African American children are obese (Sweeting, 2007). This percentage is really worrying to the medical personnel since obesity is associated with cancer, diabetes, and heart diseases, among others. This paper will attempt to establish the actual effects of African American children. Significance of the Study It is important to establish the factors that have made obesity a health concern among African American children. The research will seek to address the effects of obesity among African American children and provide the actual data which health professionals may use to develop intervention strategies. The research is also extended to qualifying the effects of obesity among the African American students in order to provide data for the health policymakers in planning for different intervention programs targeting this group. Lastly, the need to rank the effects of obesity among African American children informed the need for this research project. Therefore, the establishment of the effects of obesity among the research subjects will go a long way in influencing the most appropriate remedies and approaches in tackling the health concern (Burns & Grove, 2009). Purpose of the Study The primary purpose of this research study is to establish the effects of obesity among the African American children. The objectives of the research study will be addressed through reviewing the independent variable of life style and dependent variables such as family income, healthcare awareness, age, and cultural factors. Therefore, the study will seek to relate the dependent and independent variables as catalyzing the occurrence of obesity among the African American children. This will give a leeway in investigating the effects of this health concern on children within the study group. Statement of the Problem From a number of studies that have been carried out by the American Medical Association, it was observed that high fat diet causes approximately 300,000 deaths annually. Specifically, obesity prevalence a
Steps to diversify fire services Firefighting departments are critical departments in the U.S and other countries that care about how they respond to emergencies. In the U.S, the importance of the departments cannot be underestimated because their services are not confined to firefighting only. They respond to many other emergencies such as accidents, EMS calls, and natural calamities. As a result, the departments must have enough personnel to meet the demands of the citizens. Since the services of the firefighters involve interactions with different societal members who have varied cultural, economic, and political backgrounds, diversity is one of the most important qualities that the department strife to exercise. However, the U.S fire departments experience diversity problems since they are characterized by poor women representation. Diversity is an enormous challenge that faces the U.S fire departments and one that should be addressed for the departments to work effectively. Lack of diversity in the U.S firefighting departments is evidenced by the poor representation of women and discrimination in the departments. Colored citizens, lesbians, gays, and transsexuals are discriminated against and this makes it hard for them to perform their duties effectively. Diversity is the secret of success in all public and private organizations. It is possible to achieve it without discriminating against any individual since discrimination reduces the effectiveness of the departments. The first step that should be taken to promote diversity in the fire service is to educate fire chiefs on the importance to recruit diverse and qualified firefighters. This will ensure that all communities are represented hence minorities will not be left out. The second step is to increase the retention of women who join the firefighting departments. The third step that can be taken to diversify the fire service is the introduction of training programs that will assist firefighters in their efforts of explaining to others the importance of diversity in the fire service. The fourth step that should be taken is to give women leadership positions. By taking the above-mentioned steps, the firefighting departments will be able to achieve diversity and enhance their services (Federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws 3). Reasons for dissatisfaction among workers A fire chief at a firefighting station is an important person who oversees the overall operations at the station. His duties range from controlling all firefighters to the maintenance of equipment used at the station. It is not an easy task to ensure that everything at the fire station operates as it is supposed to operate, thus this often poses challenges to fire station chiefs. For instance, sometimes they experience problems when dealing with the employees. Workers at fire stations may not be satisfied with the decisions made by the chief because they feel secluded. In situations where chiefs make crucial decisions without involving the rest of the workers, this often leaves the workers dissatisfied. Workers develop re
MEDRAD’s Operating Environment and Its Relations with Stakeholders MEDRAD embraces an operating environment that is based on sustainable development in which it offers products and services that have various sociological, ecological, and economic impacts on its customers and stakeholders. In its operations, MEDRAD focuses on long-term achievements to avoid missing any future opportunities. The company considers its employees as valuable assets, and as a result, it provides them with a safe and healthy working environment to enable them to enhance their productivity. Also, the organization complies with health and safety standards set by various federal regulatory bodies (MEDRAD, 2011). MEDRAD also holds a special relationship with its customers and suppliers to retain them for as long as possible. The way the company handles its customers and suppliers is one of the main reasons it has been able to win several awards, such as the Malcolm Baldrige Award. The company has a customer care department that effectively collects and handles complaints from the customers. The company ensures that its customers are appropriately attended to at all times. The company does the same with its suppliers, which also supports the organization’s prosperity. Its suppliers are paid in time to avoid cases of nonpayment or debts, which can ruin the company’s relationship with them (MEDRAD, 2011). The company also has a good working relationship with its partners and stakeholders. It ensures that it respects every deal it reaches with its partners at all times to avoid unnecessary disagreements. The company extends the same relationship to its stakeholders; the company allows them to easily access its books of accounts and other crucial documents at any time they wish to do so. The stakeholders are represented at MEDRAD’s top management by individuals of their choice (MEDRAD, 2011). Future Workshops MEDRAD’s Strategy MEDRAD align the work and output of each of its employees with its philosophy, mission, and objectives. The alignment process is done through a constant review and a comparison of the company’s current philosophy or mission to those of the past years. Each department and business within the organization has a workbook and a standard template that guides it in addressing its SWOT analysis, blind spots, and other essential competencies (Poladino, 2011). The company also includes its employees in its gain-sharing payout, in which all of them are given the same amount of payout for motivational purposes, regardless of their different locations across the globe. The strategy used at MEDRAD is useful, and it helps the company to increase its annual revenues. For example, MEDRAD was able to increase its revenues from $120 million in 1997 to $625 million in 2009 (Bayer Healthcare, 2011). Review of MEDRAD’s Financial Status MEDRAD is fully engaged in the development, marketing, and repair of medical equipment used in d
Characteristics and Purposes of Prisons In the American Criminal Justice System, Federal Bureau of Prisons, commonly known as FBOP, has been making its major contribution for the smooth execution of prisons in various regions of the USA. The prisons working under this organization of the US are characterized by the shelters for offenders providing them friendly and safe environment so as to induce the elements of disliking for crime among them. These prisons deal with federal prisoners and provide them with the correctional facilities in their related areas. In the prisons, the prisoners are subjected to predefined corrections and punishments in order to ensure the public safety. The prisons in the US have been developed with an aspect of judicial districts so as to define the jurisdiction of each prison. FBOP has developed some programs in order to interact with community for aiding in crime control in its related area. In this model of chain prisons, prisoners are educated for raising their social morals (FBOP, n.d.). The major motif behind the development and operational activities of these prisons is to ensure the public safety and maintain the peace process in the concerned region. The various educational and training programs in the prisons have been conducted to produce harmony between the staff and the prisoners. The prisoners’ misconduct is corrected through legal corrections as defined by the law. It has also been argued by the theorist of criminology that the scenario of the prisons impacts mainly the behavioral psychology of inmates (Camp et al. 2003). FBOP has been working since 1930, based in Washington. 85% of federal inmates are confined in the prisons operating under the same organization and the total number of FBOP’s employees are 35,000 almost. Characteristics and Purposes of Jails   * American Jail Association is well-known and the most efficient organization that supports the individuals working in these jails.   * The jails have been developed to provide the community with local correctional facilities.   * In the criminal justice system, jail is taken as the initiative of the system so far correctional facilities are concerned.   * In the US, the jails have been developed at local, regional and state levels which reinforce the concerned laws in the local or regional community.   * Initially, the jails were developed to destroy the hierarchy of feudalism prevailing in the US.   * It has also been reported that the prisoners in jail suffer from mental illness more than those in prisons.   * The basic rationale behind the development of jails in the US criminal justice system is to cover the issues remaining from prisons.   * Jails have been constructed in the US at local level so as to confine the area of criminal actions and crimes (Kerle, 2004). Correctional Facility   * Correctional facility is the tool of avoiding future misconducts and dissolving criminal thinking.   * The American Correctional Association is the major organization, serving in this concern.   * This organization has ensured the easy approach of the community towards the correctional facility by offering us with various modern tools.
Nowadays, new knowledge is created at an extremely rapid pace; in addition, people need not only to learn it but also to use it in practical situations. Therefore, employing efficacious learning methods is of crucial importance both in education and in organizations. In this paper, three learning theories will be introduced. The first of them, Kolb’s theory of experiential learning, provides a model of learning from experience, and introduces four main learning styles. Schön’s single- and double-loop learning models describe the process of considering a situation and making decisions pertaining to it, and offer a way to learn from such situations by critically assessing them. Finally, Gibbs’ theory of reflective learning provides a five-step model which can be utilized to analyze a past event and improve the outcomes of similar situations in the future. After the overview, the use of theories of personal development will be discussed, and the theories will be compared. Overview of the Learning Theories Kolb’s Theory of Experiential Learning The David Kolb’s learning styles model was first published in 1984; it was created on the basis of works of theorists such as J. Dewey, K. Lewin, J. Piaget, W. James, etc., who considered experience to be crucial for the process of learning (Kolb, 2015). The main aim of the theory was to assist learners in transforming their experience into knowledge, as well as to permit for more practice-oriented education, because the traditional educational methods tended to produce college and university graduates who might have possessed a significant amount of knowledge, but often were unable to use it to solve the real-world problems (Manolis, Burns, Assudani, & Chinta, 2013; Tomkins & Ulus, 2015). According to this model, there exist four main stages of experiential learning; the learning occurs as a cyclic process in which these four phases follow one another (Kolb, 2015; Schultz, McEwen, & Griffiths, 2016). These stages are as follows:  1. Concrete experience. At this stage, an individual performs an activity or has an experience pertaining to the subject they will learn about.  2. Reflective observation. At this phase, the person performs reflective operations about the concrete experience they previously had. It might also be recommended to reflect on the experiences in a systematic way so as to retain in the memory what has been thought about them for the future use.  3. Abstract conceptualization. At this point, the person formulates concrete conclusions pertaining to the experience they had. It is also possible to tie these conclusions to certain theories
Introduction This essay represents CSS Zen garden which has been chosen as a result of its great influence in design and art movement. It has been considered to be unique and specific, in its presentation and applied design. The number of the CSS Zen garden is 207, and the name of garden is the Kyoto Forest. From a human point of view, the person who designed it tried to apply the Japanese design (Falby, 2002). This is clear because the logo, which is used as the background in this design, is in Japanese language. The sky that is above the topic is bright, and the style used allows the audience to read with ease and therefore are able to comprehend the presented details (Fahrner, 2001). In addition, the background used beside the main background is to some extent cool, since it has used the image of the Kyoto forest to satisfy the comfort of the audience. As the audience read the information on the background, the design has ensured that they feel fresh and comfortable. The designer has managed to use two colors on the backgrounds, which are well combined with Kyoto forest. Colors are very important in presentation of a web design. The designer of this page has therefore, applied this concept of color combination to attract the attention of the audience. He has also perfectly applied green and blue colors. These colors contribute to the attractiveness of the page to the audience. In addition, this website has an importance due to its natural background. Natural colors are easy to read when they are well combined by the designer. They also ensure that the audience has comfort while reading the background colors. The natural backgrounds include the white cloud color, the blue sky color, and the green and pink color from the trees. The umbrella of the Japanese has also been well presented above the Japanese logo, and the topic of CSS ZEN garden. To make the design more interesting, the designer has fully utilised the Japanese style, and has added some graphics in form of paintings above the umbrella of the Japanese. The color of the umbrella is red, and has made the background not to appear boring. The umbrella also looks very colorful and attractive. The designer’s adaptations of these elements for an online design that is successful Photos are very essential in a web page presentation. They attract the attention of the audience and make his or her site comfortable. The designer has therefore, tried to represent the Japanese forest to the audience through the use of realistic tree photos. The color of the trees, which is green, shows freshness. This color is also attractive to the audience. The trees originate from Japan and, therefore, the designer allows the audience to understand the nature of forest found in that geographical region. This is as a result of using the blue color umbrella, and perfectly combining the three colors. The work of this designer is also artistically designed. This designer has managed to be a successful online designer because of several reasons. Firstly, he has well presented the background color using
Introduction Racism and ethnicity are one of the social evils that pose a big danger to the society. These are the main factors that have been contributing to crime in the contemporary world. Racial discrimination in America has a significant implication on crime in the region. Most of the racism in America has been between the whites against the blacks and vice versa. There are a number of incidences that has resulted into crime in the United States. Discussion In many cases, most criminal activities in the United States are characterized by racism. Racism has resulted in a number of crimes, which has threatened security and peaceful co-existence among the people. There are a number of opposing issues concerning racism and disparity that has led to complication in the discussion of the issue of racism in the Criminal Justice System. For instance, there are economic differences among the people that have led to crime in the United States. It is possible to have people from different race on low income group and also on the high income groups. The larger the differences between the poor and the rich, the high are the chances of crime. We also have differences in terms of biological heredity, psychological and other factors that may influence ones tendency to engage in crimes. Racial differences have also led to crime in the United States. This can be explained through the discrimination that the vice has cultivated among the people. For instance, the idea that members of a certain group like the African Americans are more likely to commit a certain crime can lead to difficulties in fighting the vice. Similarly, the fact that the reason for doing so is psychological can also lead to serious difficulties. This is because they tend to propose the inability of the public policy to solve these problems. This is unlike the social explanations where an individual can change through the public policy. From previous statistics, the results showed that the rate of arrests for the African Americans were higher than those in the other Americans (Anonymous, 2011). There are several historical incidences that can clearly illustrate the issue of racism in America. One of this was the racism against African Americans through the institution of slavery. During this period, African Americans were enslaved and trea