ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nathaniel Hawthorne has written his short story “Young Goodman Brown” as the mixture of two genres – the horror story and the story with the moral. Hence is the unique peculiarity of the narration: the short story is interpreted as the text with the contradictions. In “Young Goodman Brown” Hawthorne writes about the most significant of the contradictions: “Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting?” (17). The nature of the reality is called in question, and it is difficult to understand, what really happened to young Brown. After all, I think that even the storyteller does not know, what actually happened to his character. Hawthorne uses his favorite device of the ironic ambiguous features, the shift of the viewpoint from the narrator to the character and back. We as the readers find ourselves in the world, where we can hardly distinguish between real and seeming. All the events, persons, and things have two sides, and every character, which is considered to be “good” by young Brown, turns out “bad” in reality. Actually, I suppose that there are no “good” persons in the short story except Goodman Brown. The metamorphoses concern the items too; simple knotty stick transforms into the magic staff wriggling like a snake. However, the most important and the most terrible metamorphoses happen on another level: the divine service is substituted for the black mass, and the sacred church utensils are replaced for the false analogs connected to the devil. Another terrible thing is the betrayal of people, whom young Brown trusted and who played very important role in his life – from aged and respectable priest to Goodman Brown’s wife Faith. Finally, after his salvation (or still the awakening from the nightmare?) young Brown finds himself in the world of the all-out substitution. Here he must live till his death, all alone, not able to free himself from the true (or still not?) state of affairs. For Goodman Brown, it is the terrible reality he has faced
In a global economy it is important for an organisation to manage the flow of information in order to keep stake holders updated at all times. 1 In the case of a publicly traded company there is no excuse in keeping customers and shareholders in the dark in times of crisis. 2 Yet, even multinational companies that have mastered the art of public relations, they can still be criticised for using public relations solely for reputation management. Although many companies are aware of the power of public relations to alter public perception it is erroneous to say that it is only useful for reputation management. A Critical View of Pubic Relations On April 20, 2010 a methane gas escaped several metres deep from a BP oil rig off the Gulf of Mexico and caused an explosion that killed eleven people and dumped millions of gallons of crude oil into the sea. 3 One can just imagine the impact to the environment, the coastal communities, and thousands of people who depended on natural resources for their livelihood. BP oil’s public relations team had to work round the clock to disseminate information, answer questions and win the hearts and minds of the people closest to the site of the accident. In the aftermath of the disaster stake holders had to re-evaluate the way they perceive the company. Public relations officers have a crucial role to play immediately after the explosion, in the battle to stop the flow of oil and in the clean-up operations that has to be done afterwards. A public relations team has to work hard to deal with the problem even after the incident fades away from the consciousness of the general public. It is imperative for the public relations team to do their work but there are those who will always view them in a negative light. According to experts in the field of PR work, “the term ‘public relations’ is often either misunderstood or deliberately misinterpreted, so that it is used in a pejorative way, associating it with propaganda, ‘economy of truth’ or evasion.” 4 This negative view of public relations is the result of decades of PR manoeuvring that has the masses reeling from the brazen cover-ups and manipulation of half-truths initiated by erring companies and unscrupulous individuals desperate to silence their critics. “There are some individuals, often highly placed in industry, who expect public relations to be used as a tool for whitewashing reputations, or for covering up acts of ineptitude or dishonesty.” 5 As a result it is easy for people to be cynical every time a company announces an upcoming activity that seems to appear as an obligatory act to spruce up the company’s image and not because it is to give back to the community and help those who are in need. 6 The same reaction was observed when the IBM Corporation launched their Corporate Service Corps (“CSC”) and tapped the company’s public relations officer to release the following statement: “IBM wanted to market itself as a company that people and society could trust.” 7 The purp
Japan has always been known as a conservative society that is well entrenched in its ideas of tradition, culture and the preservation of social institutions (Japan, 58-63). Yet, it is this focus on tradition that has resulted in the preservation of its ancient cultural traditions that has enthralled and fascinated the world for generations. At the present, the country is home to 125 million people with the main language spoken being nihonggo. There are also various regional dialects such as Kansai-bien which is primarily being utilized within the rural areas of the Kansai region (Japan, 58-63). At the present, the current exchange rate between the Yen and Dirham is 1.00 AED = 21.7418 JPY. While it may seem high you need to take into consideration the fact that while Japan has some of the best inns in the world, the inherent costs are usually twice as high as those in other countries. For people wishing to visit the country, the best time to do so is during the winter and spring seasons in order to take full advantage of the hot spring resorts that the country is famous for. Infrastructure When it comes to the local infrastructure of Japan, it is actually quite interesting to note that the Japanese utilize public transportation more so than other countries. There are actually relatively few cars within the country with a vast majority of the general public relying on the dozens of train lines, bullet trains as well as airports that the country has to offer. To make things easier for tourists, the Japanese government has helpfully placed signs in both English and Japanese on all public methods of transportation in order to help tourists easily access various locations around the country. It should also be noted that weekly passes can be bought at various train stations that allow travelers to utilize the trains as much as they want within the designated period on the cards. As such, for any tourist wishing to go to various locations within the country it can be done in a relatively cheap and easy manner. Types of Tourists                    International                                                                                                                                                                                   Regional (Within the Asian region)                                                                                                                                                     Local
Abstract The paper seeks to determine whether there is a relationship between gender, age and level of education in patient anxiety from MRI scans. This is however done by conducting interviews on patients at King Abdul Aziz Medical City in Riyadh. The main causes of anxiety were seen to be the physical surrounding of the examination room, curiosity, beliefs, and the idea of having their brains scanned. However, with communication, a little distraction and reassurance of their safety, the patients relaxed. Despite being among the major innovation made in the medical sector, people have still come to terms with the idea of how the procedure works. However, it is through the provision of adequate information that people are more informed, and understand the details of the MRI scanning. Statement of problem A study to assess the relationship between gender, age and level of education in patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging in King Abdul Aziz Medical City in Riyadh. Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used by medical specialists to scan interior body organs and tissues. It is a diagnostic tool that screens the body by using radio waves and magnetic fields, transferring the images to a computer for thorough screening. This is currently the best diagnostic technique offered in medical institutions as it offers more detailed results, and better imaging compared to other methods. Unlike other methods, there is no exposure to x-rays, making the method even safer. During the examination, the patient usually lies on a table that is slide in a cylindrical container where the diagnoses are performed. Due to the nature of the procedure, the patient can stay in the cylinder for up to an hour depending on the criticality of the examination. In order to receive quality imaging from the scanner, the patient is usually expected to stay calm so as t
History of Islamic Art takes its roots in the seventh century and encompasses all types of visual art produced by people who inhabited culturally Islamic territories. Though Islamic art long stayed remarkably loyal to spiritual and religious traditions, it can still be perceived as sophisticated mixture of Arab, Turkish, Persian, and even Roman and Byzantine influences (Duiker and Spielvogel, 2010, p. 178). Just like other external artistic and scientific trends have influenced the formation of the Islamic traditions, the art of Islam have reached other spheres of human activities, such as architecture, culture, media, and politics. Its impact of social and cultural development of the Islamic World and other cultures can be considered to be positive because it has introduced uniqueness, originality, and unity of Islamic culture, architecture, media and politics. Islamic art is mistakenly believed to be narrowed to religious motives, although most of the artistic elements involve predominantly secular themes. Although religious motives were less prominent, Islamic architecture is equally marked by spiritual and impious styles that still effect the construction and design of structures and building in Islamic culture (Kleiner, 2010, p. 277). Similar to the art of Islam, architecture has also been impacted by Roman and Byzantine geometrical motives and calligraphic elements. Interestingly, the Islamic artists convert “the architectural surface into a textile surface – the three-dimensional wall into a two-dimensional hanging – weaving the calligraphy into it as another cluster of motifs within the total pattern” (Kleiner, 2010, p. 278). In a whole, the development of Islamic architecture continues to prosper from the emergent artistic movements and trends that impact neighboring artistic centers, particularly in South Asia and Turkey. Thematic concerns of Islamic art have also a tangible impact on cultural development, particularly on literature and language. Just as Islamic artists were often considered as being pure, complex, and sophisticated, Islamic literature is also narrowed to the this aesthetic tradition, being “a symbol of a deeper reality” which is tenuous and intrinsic (Leaman, 2004, p. 54). The same arguments are also applied to calligraphy as the chief Islamic art form. Being the key aesthetic feature in Islamic culture, calligraphy underscores the importance of religion and spirituality as well as essence of the Arabic language that is attributed with a unique status in Islam world. Hence, literary and cultural sphere is considerably marked by the presence of calligraphic elements acting like meaningful images and turning writing into something more than exposition of ideas; rather, language and writing capture peculiar configurations of colors and shapes. In general, calligraphy can be recognized as an independent
The forces and events that led to the growth of Wal-Mart business are traced far back in 1962 when Sam Walton founded it. It is apparent that many customers were attracted to the Wal-Mart business because it offered variety of goods at affordable prices. As a result, the business spread all over the globe both as retail and as wholesale business thus paving way to many suppliers. Although the Wal-Mart business traversed numerous countries, it is obvious that it failed in some countries like German while at the same time it triumphed in others like the United Kingdom. The success of the Wal-Mart business in the United Kingdom was attributed to the proper company management and the excellent consumer manipulation. To begin with, the Wal-Mart business procured the ASDA retail chain that was thriving so well in the United Kingdom and this meant that it was bound to succeed because the retail chain had already acquired a great portion of the market share. Moreover, because the ASDA retail chain had acquired the Wal-Mart business strategies before its purchase, it served as the beginning of the accomplishment of the Wal-Mart business because it paved way for easy establishment of the business. For instance, Wal-Mart business did not have to set strategies because the United Kingdom traders had already adapted its previous strategies and as a result, they did not have to campaign for awareness of their strategies but to focus on increasing the sales. On the other hand, the approach of consumer manipulation stimulated the victory of Wal-Mart business in the United Kingdom because many customers were attracted to it. Additionally, the consumer manipulation was by means of offering variety of goods to the customer at reduced prices and this attracted customers of all ages and sex. The charges that the Wal-Mart business did not gain popularity in German are for the reasons that Germans have an egocentric culture that the customers, suppliers and competitors embrace. In the eyes of the Germans, friendship is far much apart from business because they believe that after sales services make products expensive and they neither want their goods packed nor handled by someone else. Unfortunately, Wal-Mart business based their success on the principle that a friendly atmosphere would increase the sales but the Germans did not value that friendship. Furthermore, the prognosis that the Germans would adapt Wal-Mart business system failed because the Germans emerged as hostile. In support of this contention, a strained relationship existed between the Wal-Mart business and the German suppliers and, as a result, the signing of supplier contract was futile and it became difficult for Wal-Mart business to set up its infrast
Introduction Creativity, innovation, and change are all aspects that affect an organization’s operations. Scholars are of the opinion that through these three aspects an organization can overcome most challenges. In addition, when innovation, creativity, and change are adequately employed, the productivity of the organization improves significantly. This essay discusses these three aspects. They include theories of creativity, innovation, and change. The essay also details the theoretical models associated with these aspects. Moreover, a critical evaluation of individual performance as a leader will be addressed. All the issues discussed in this essay pertain to creativity, innovation, and change in an organizational setup. Change affects all organizations in one way or another. This change can have profound effects on an organization’s productivity and management. For change to influence an organization positively, it has to be accompanied by creativity and innovation. Several theories are associated with this concept. They include the Jenga theory of creativity, the systems, the functionalist, the interpretive, the radical humanist, and the radical structuralism theories (Noe, 2009). The Jenga Theory of Creativity This theory suggests that creativity and innovation involves addition and subtraction of issues from previous aspects with the aim of improving those (Almekinders, Beukema & Tromp, 2008). The input is not as important as the output in this case. This is because the improvements are supposed to improve an existing product or service. An application of this theory is the process through which people learn a simpler way of doing things. This usually happens when a person embarks on a mission to improve the existing ways of doing things. The process is usually accompanied by trials and errors. Systems Theory Systems theory is classified under the Domain of Individual Field Interaction (DIFI). This theory states that creativity and innovation are dependent on products, processes, places, and persons. According to this theory, individuals, cultural, and social factors have a significant influence on the creative process. This means that these factors are important when it comes to evaluating organizational success (Buckley & Caple, 2009). This theory is applicable to any innovative or creative process. This is where people are central to the process. The domain in this case will be already in existence. The person or the creator has to be conversant with this domain. The product will be the focus of this creation. The proce
Economic crises can be looked at broadly to involve a situation that distorts the financial stability of an institution which results in a sudden loss of significant financial strength of the institution. Lamido (2009) says this may include a loss in the value of assets. In recent human society, the economic crunch has had varying effects on individuals, institutions, and society. The choice to write on the topic Economic Crisis, (Social Sciences/ Psychology: Effects on the Individual or Society) is justified by the need to understand and handle the effects of economic crises on society generally, and focally on the individual. It is worth saying that the subject of economic crises is one that has adequately received attention through different approaches such as Capitalism and Marxists (Yahaya, 2010). This, very likely, is so because an economic crisis has numerous shakedown effects on a society or individuals whenever and wherever it occurs. Thus, research materials are vast for the topic. The following is the thesis statement for the topic: A great deal of research is necessary to prompt relevant arguments, suggestions, and practices to reduce the awful impacts of economic crises on society in general, and the individual in particular. This thesis statement is selected to correlate the need for intense research on the topic in order to suggest solutions to the effects of economic crises. This is further made necessary for the reason that economic crises are nearly always followed by affected individuals having psychological effects and complicated mental health (Bushman, 2010). Economic crises are associated with unemployment problems and could discourage couples from starting a family, thus leaving the hearts of the couple beyond breeds and resentments.
For more than fifty days, FBI agents were stationed outside Mount Carmel Center, the headquarters of the religious cult called the Branch Davidians. They were waiting for the group’s charismatic leader David Koresh to stand down and order his followers to lay down their arms and surrender to the overwhelming force that has surrounded their compound. But as time breached the deadline set by the FBI, David Koresh and his followers were intent to wait out to be certain that what they are going to do next is in line with prophetic utterances made a few years earlier. They were willing to wait for divine instructions but the federal government and the FBI who did not understand the worldview of the Branch Davidians and therefore they could not wait any longer and they believed that they were justified to use force. If only they knew the aftermath of the assault they would have made a different decision. Background A historical background is needed to at least make sense of the numerous and sometimes conflicting accounts of what really happened in the aftermath of the final attack on Mount Carmel center in April 19, 1993. [1] It has to be pointed out that this group did not come out of nowhere; in fact, the origin of the Branch Davidians can help explain why Koresh was able to hold sway over a group of people and ultimately led many of them to their death. This group came from a splinter sect that broke away from a Christian denomination known all over the world as the Seventh-Day Adventist Church (SDA). [2] The SDA is known for “…their belief in the imminent return of Jesus Christ to earth, for their special vegetarian dietary restrictions and for their retention of Saturday as their Sabbath.” [3] Those who are aware of the practices of the SDA can ascertain that the Branch Davidians came from the SDA. This does not mean that the SDA is responsible for what happened at Waco but at least it provides a backdrop that will help understand how and why the splinter group used some of the ideas and doctrines they had at SDA and shaped it into their own. Nevertheless, it can also be said that these two groups were linked by: “…historical roots, the origins of their members, their name, their identity, and their apocalyptic preoccupations, idiom, and paranoias.” [4] Once again it must be reiterated that the SDA is not responsible for creating the Waco debacle and yet it is also clear that David Koresh learned much from them, especially when it comes to their strong interests with regards to apocalyptic events. The breakaway sect was founded by a man named Victor Houteff who was an SDA member since 1919. But a