ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Hewlett- Packard: Chef Executive Officer Hewlett-Packard (HP) is one of the leading IT companies in the world, established in 1938 by two graduates; Bill and Dave, with a starting capital of approximately $539. Today, the company boasts of annual revenue worth over US $100 billion. It is among the leading companies in terms of market share in PC products. Since its formation, the company has undergone several changes in its top leadership structure especially after the death of Packard, one of its co-founders (Malone, 2007). Today, the company has not officially announced its chief executive officer but the immediate former chief executive was Mark Hurd. The change of leadership has been greatly associated with fervent search for executive qualities of a leader as viewed from individual and credible management industry perspectives. This paper examines Hurd in relation to his qualities as viewed from both perspectives and his legacy at HP. Mark Hurd stepped into the helm of leadership in 2005 which saw the company gain market dominance during his tenure. From his period as a leader, Hurd has been viewed as a visionary and modest leader who offered much more than was expected from him since he over-delivered (Meyer, 2008). This quality enabled him to take the company to greater heights with less anticipation from company rivals. He possessed high ambition which enabled him to reach his visions and targets easily. Secondly, he was an initiative leader who took ventures into domains where previous leaders had not ventured in. His initiatives included next generation enterprise data architecture and services and broad transition from analog to digital imaging (HP, 2011). These proved to be the next greatest future investments at HP. Thirdly, he was a great role model since he encouraged all stakeholders including customers to help him understand ways in which service delivery would be improved. The credible management industry thought that Hurd was suitable for the job because he possessed sense management competencies and as a result gained corporate acceptance. Firstly, Hurd exhibited likeability qualities and was able to evoke sympathetic feelings from both the management and clients and this facilitated company growth to a leading share capital status. Secondly, Hurd had a personality that would automatically fill others with enthusiasm in discharging roles and responsibilities. This quality led to his recommendation by the credible management industry. Thirdly, management saw the “cooperative abilities” (Meyer, 2008) of Hurd in interwork relationships and thus prioritized his presence in the company for strong work relat
Introduction Control systems are sophisticated units that incorporate several elements and provide individuals with an opportunity to perform some processes or monitor their flow. One of the important functions is the checking procedure guaranteeing that only individuals with particular features will be granted access. Usually, there are various types of identifiers that are needed to make the system work. Additionally, the work of this type of system presupposes the existence of a database containing all distinctive features needed to conclude about the object (Matthews et al. 2017). For the control of vehicles, this measure becomes one of the popular trends of the modern world as they combine simplicity and effectiveness. As for the case, a university vehicle access control system equipped with automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) rests on the principle that is common for many other similar methods. The machine number is used as an identifier providing access to a restricted area (Ballad, Ballad & Ban 2010). In other words, it becomes a unique code that is required to pass a test and be allowed to move. That is why a camera becomes a central tool demanded to differentiate between vehicles and collect information about their belonging to a particular group. The system has the following structure: Figure 1. Scheme of functioning. Figure 2. Flow Chart. Principle of Functioning The given tables outline the central operational features and the vital components of the system. From Figure 1, one can see that the camera guarantees the ability of the system to differentiate and recognize the plate number and provide information about it to other parts of the given frame. The dashboard is another vital element as it acquires information and transfers it to the server that is responsible for the access and its consideration (Puranic, Umadevi & Deepak 2016). There is also a specific database that is needed to conclude about the existence of the permission to move into the area. Additionally, the specially designed application helps to compare images and determine the algorithm of future actions (Dorf & Bishop 2016). The interaction between all these elements takes a concise period of time, and, in the end, the decision is made. The barrier, as another part of the system, responds to commands from the dashboard and opens when the plate number on a vehicle can also be found in the database. On another hand, if there is a negative response from the application, any vehicle that does not possess the needed qualities or identifiers, will be stopped because of the peculiarities of the program. The given scheme is an example of a simple and effective approach that can be helpful when securing various areas or regulating traffic. From Figure 2, one can see several stages of decision-making that are part of the system’s functioning. At the initial stage, the camera starts to capture a number of the car. The image is sent to other parts of the system to make a conclusion about its validity. If the number plate recognition fails, or the database does not contain information about this very car, the rejection procedure is initiated, and the ba
Introduction Alcohol consumption among pregnant women of Canada is a rather common situation that causes plenty of problems as both maternal and infant health outcomes to depend on a woman. The issue remains controversial and legal due to its connection to women’s rights that are to be respected by law. Nonetheless, consumption of alcohol in the mentioned period of life may lead to severe birth defects and deviation in an infant’s development, including physical and psychological impacts. In this regard, maternal alcohol consumption is to be recognized as illegal as it violates the rights of an infant by hurting his or her health. The rationale for Support of Unlawful Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy At present, essential clinical and experimental material was accumulated on the effect of alcohol on pregnant women and their fetuses. It was revealed that consumption of alcohol by a woman before and during pregnancy leads to pregnancy toxicosis, miscarriages, premature birth, intrauterine malformations, and fetal weight deficit. In their article, Liu et al. argue that ethanol causes a dehydrated depletion in a fetus, impeding embryonic development due to the affection of chemical substances, which significantly increase the severity of the inhibited anomalies and pathology (382). Focusing on longitudinal latent class analysis, the authors revealed that mothers aged 26 are more susceptible to binge drinking compared to those who are younger. Even irregular and seemingly moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages by a pregnant woman can contribute to the development of long-term changes in the brain of a fetus, the damage from which may not be immediately noticeable. Getting into the blood, alcohol, first of all, affects the cardiovascular system and liver, disrupting the development of brain formations that determine mental activity (Mateja et al. 32). Most importantly, binge drinking considerably increases congenital cardiac defect risks. The study by Singal et al. presents a population-based cohort study of Manitoba mothers and issues regarding fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) (2). In particular, the article uncovers the consequences of FASD as well as the health and social service received by mothers whose children were diagnosed with this disease. The findings illustrate potential strategies to treat FASD the most valuable of which is prevention through the increased awareness of women. Supporting the assumption to make maternal alcohol consumption illegal in Canada, it is appropriate to review corresponding articles that are associated with health a
Counseling approaches Crisis intervention denotes the psychological care offered to help individuals confronted by situations that need restoration. Counseling approaches refer to models and techniques used to solve crises using the therapeutic processes; these models build and develop sturdy tools to approach problems and successfully solve them. Counseling approaches employed at racial, ethical as well national levels assist in promoting multicultural analysis. Multicultural approaches to counseling indicate that no method of questioning can be transferred from one group to another. Clients from varying racial groups require dissimilar treatments due to uniqueness, independence, and personal perceptions (James, 2008). Cognitive behavior therapy indicates that we should analyze situations depending on how we behave. Humanistic therapy solves crises through perceptions and personal responsibilities. Psychodynamic therapy indicates that conflicts arise due to unconscious relations. Mistake Crisis interventionists in their duties may make mistakes. A common mistake would be to believe that all persons come to terms within their own community or tribal group before interventions occur. Therefore, crisis interventionists should avoid making prejudgments or assumptions before careful analysis of the
Introduction This feasibility report is based on a controlled study of identifying opportunities, market niches, economic obstacles, and as cost versus benefits approach to providing solutions for problems identified during the study. The report is a market feasibility report for WM Morrison Supermarkets seeking to open up a new branch near the university. The purpose of this research is to identify problems and opportunities, determine objectives, describe situations, define successful outcomes, and assess the costs versus benefits associated with satisfying the market niche in the new area. The advent of the declining trade barriers and the liberalisation of trade have made it easier for supermarkets to open up new chains (Dibb & Simkin 2013; Wright 2012). Random distribution of the supermarkets associated with new market entries across geographical regions helps in the restructuring process. The increase in demand in the food retail sector has presented the firm with an opportunity to establish new branches across the nation. Furthermore, the UK retail industry is characterised by an increment in the rate of mergers and acquisitions (King 2010). This aspect has led to significant reduction in food retailing in different parts of the UK including the university and its environs ( ValueExplorer.com 2014). This report presents the results of a feasibility study that explores the situation at the university and its environs coupled with the marketing objectives of the supermarkets’ retail chains in a bid to ensure that the business will become sustainable within the competitive environment. Research questions For the purposes of adequate collection of information from the field in the process of testing the hypothesis, a number of research questions will guide this research and they include-  1. What products do youths often buy from convenience stores and supermarkets?  2. Is Morrisons a lovable brand in the area?  3. What is the image and effect of Morrisons’ policy on age verification before the purchase of alcohol?  4. Does advertising play a big role or is buying influenced by peer pressure?  5. How beneficial will opening up a new branch be for the residents and students in the area?  6. What products should be stocked in the supermarket?  7. What other services can be offered at the supermarket?  8. What is the competition? Who is the competitor? What does the company need to do to gain a competitive advantage? Company Analysis The retail chain ensures that staffing requirements are excellent in order to mitigate costs and maximise profits while serving the interests of consumers. The firm appreciates the importance of product diversification in meeting the customers’ needs and expectations ( Bloomberg Businessweek 2014). M
The concept of commodity fetishism by Marx focuses on the quality of a commodity. To most people, the commodity is viewed as just an ordinary thing in the market that is acquired to fulfil our need. The focus of Marx went beyond the literal commodity that we have in our disposal. Taking an example of a chair, in a capitalist economy, we only approach the product. In this case, the soda from the sellers who need making profits from them. The social aspect of labour is not considered. For every commodity to be made, labour effort is put in the production process. In this way, people relate, while making this product in terms of their contribution to making the chair. Both mental and physical labour was involved in the production of the chair (Hawkes 2001). However, labour may be either individual or social, depending on the number of individuals involved in the production of the product. Individual labour changes to social, favouring the point of exchange of the product. For example, in the example of the chair, the person who cut the tree and the person who manufactured the nails used to connect the chair are two different persons. Their labour effort is combined in the point of exchange to form social labour. There is so much that takes place in terms of division of labour before the transfer of a product to the customer (Hawkes 2001). In the day-to-day lives, the concept of commodity fetishism is in operation in almost all aspects of the exchange. Taking an example of soda commodity, fetishism is well brought across. The only thing we put into focus is the purpose that we are buying the soda, and we attach it to the perceived value the sellers have attached to it. The behaviour of the customer is usually driven by some motives, emotion attachments, and even rationale. For instance, in the example of the soda, some customers are typically attached to some brands that are commonly known. The loyalty they have is what drives them to acquire a specific brand, not because it is a superior brand, but because they feel attached to it (Rubin 2007). Emotions of passion arise from the use of a particular brand. That leaves them only wanting to use that brand instead of other brands that might even be better. For example, some people rate the taste of a Soda higher if it comes from a producer like Coca Cola. The driving force to these people using this product is the brand name that the product carries. The concept of commodity fetishism has been incorporated into many aspects of the business. For example, in the advertisement, the qualitie
The novel ‘Virgin Suicides’ is a book showing explicit adolescent trauma in a suburban setting in the early seventies. The story revolves around suicides of five sisters aged between 13 and 17 and was told by a collective voice of the neighborhood boys; 20 years after the events had taken place. The boys were fascinated and infatuated with the girls and it was after 20 years that they told the story and tried to understand why the girls committed suicide. The story not only showed the unhappiness of the teenage girls and boys and the challenges of adolescence, but also brought out other themes like the impermanence of memory, horror of mundane, American obsession with happiness and impossibility of knowing someone else. The theme of degradation of an ideal suburbia came out more strongly in this book than any other theme. The Lisbon sisters were stifled by the high moral expectations and the protected lives in the suburban. Their draconian mother, religion, the aloof neighbors and society at large held the girls’ lives captive; this is seen when one girl says, “We just want to live if only people would let us,” (Eugenides, 130). The suburban neighborhood was supposed to protect the inhabitants from the declining city life, its corruption and extreme aggression. From the neighborhood boys, you are able to understand exactly what the suburbanites were escaping from, “It had to do with the way the mail was not delivered on time, and how potholes were never fixed, the thievery at City Hall, the race riots or the 801 fires set around the city on Devil’s night,” (231). This is further seen when one of the boys from the collective voice says, “occasionally we heard gunshots coming from the ghetto, but our fathers insisted that it was only cars backfiring,” (Eugenides, 36). Suburbia was meant to offer protection and when the girls died by their own hand; it was apparent to the community that suburban had let people down. It is seen that isolation is inherent in suburban regions and that was the main cause of the girl’s unrealized lives. It managed to escape the corruption of the city but it created an environment which was even worse. Everybody minded their own business; there was always the delusion that everything was perfect even when it was not. The only people who truly seemed to care about the well-being of the girls were the neighborhood boys who were highly fascinated by them. For the suburban dwellers, the downfall of the community began with the girl’s suicide. This is seen when the narrator said: Everyone we spoke to dated the demise of our neighborhood from the suicide of the girls. Though at first people blamed them, gradually a sea change took place, so that the girls were seen not as scapegoats but as seers. More and more, people forgot about the individual reasons why the girls may have killed themselves, the stress disorders and insufficient neurotransmitters, and instead put the deaths down to the girls’ foresight in predicting decadence, (243-44). The reputation of the suburban was apparently of mo
Introduction This is a modern field whereby “researchers study buyers’ cognitive, sensorimotor, and affective responses to marketing stimuli” (Roth 3). The use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) technology makes it possible for researchers to measure various activities in the brain. The approach is used to monitor the decision-making processes of consumers and the brain parts involved (Roth 5). The technique differs significantly from traditional methods because it measures various brain functions and responses. It also embraces the use of fMRI technologies. Basically, the two methods are characterized by different data collection methods (Kent 28). According to many proponents, neuromarketing is an ethical research approach that monitors the desires and demands of targeted customers (Roth 6). The method has the capability to present new ideas that can help more marketers address the changing needs of their potential consumers. This fact explains why the tool does not manipulate the functioning of the brain. The tool focuses on the likes and dislikes of more consumers in order to maximize sales. This means that the method is ethical. Issues Whenever conducting marketing research, it is appropriate to consider various issues such as the worth of the study and the anticipated outcomes. However, some issues should not be considered when planning to conduct marketing research. For instance, it is not necessary to consider the issue of competition (Bercea 3). As well, the researcher should not care about the nature or responsiveness of the targeted population. The researcher should also not focus on the best approaches to attract new consumers. These issues can be addressed after marketing research has been completed. Primary and Secondary Research Scholars can use primary or secondary research techniques to complete their studies. Primary research is a study approach whereby the scholar seeks to answer spec
Introduction A sustainable future has become one of those concepts that are disseminated by the mass media so actively that it is no longer clear what they initially mean. Thus, the importance of contributing to the formation of a sustainable future seems to be undoubted in the modern context. Meanwhile, many people do not have a clear vision of what they are supposed to do as well as what outcomes they should potentially expect. As a result, the plans to improve future reality remain unrealized. Thence, the paper at hand is aimed at examining the concept of sustainability and the core elements that it comprises. A particular focus is put on alternative solutions that might be proposed in terms of building a sustainable future. The Concept of Sustainable Future First and foremost, it is essential to focus on the concept of a sustainable future and its main attributes in the modern context. The concept has been widely employed in the media context so that the people straining for a sustainable future might now have different visions of what they struggle for. Otherwise stated, it is critical to target the desired outcomes so that it will be easier to work out the relevant strategy. On the face of it, the term “sustainability” is normally associated with the natural environment. When a global company releases its so-called “Sustainability Report,” it usually comprises information about the company’s activity in terms of preserving nature. However, such an approach to the interpretation of sustainability is not exactly correct, as it neglects some important connotations that this notion implies. The term is often used as the equivalent for “ecological,” yet, there are some critical differences in the two notions. Thus, for instance, Canadian professors put a particular emphasis on such aspects as stability and balance, while speaking about sustainability (Heymann & Barrera 2013). In other words, while trying to ensure a sustainable future, it is, first and utmost, important to work out the mechanisms that would guarantee the consistent development of the related aspects of life: social, environmental, and economic. The focus on one of the aspects and the neglect of the other would upset the balance without which sustainability cannot exist. As a result, while speculating upon the alternative solutions in terms of ensuring a sustainable future, a particular emphasis will be put on the complex approach to the problem. Shaping a Sustainable Mentality The famous American writer and environment activist, Derrick Jensen (2006, p.190), once noted that “we cannot hope to create a sustainable culture with any but sustainable souls.” It might be assumed that this idea is the pivot in the framework of sustainability insurance. First of all, it shows that sustainability is a culture; otherwise stated, it is a complex of values and principles that a person sticks to in the course of his or
Introduction Substance abuse is defined as the use of harmful elements such as illegal drugs, legal substances (alcohol or tobacco), and the misuse of prescribed medication commonly anesthetic drugs. Main body This problem is clamant in our society, but public health nurses can make a difference by spreading awareness, education, and constantly scanning the situation. The misuse of the prescribed opioids is more difficult to prevent as it is motivated by severe health complications of patients. As Han, Compton, Blanco, and Jones (2018) state, “among US adult prescription opioid misusers, 63.4% reported that the main motivation for their most recent misuse was to relieve physical pain”. Conclusion The presence of severe life-threatening diseases, such as cancer, often provokes depression and anxiety, which usually serve as triggers for misuse of prescribed drugs. That is why health care workers should assess the behavioral condition of patients to eliminate the possibility of prescribed opioid misuse.