ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mission reliability is the anticipation that a commodity will operate successfully for a specific time and purpose without malfunctions whereas one-time operational reliability is a point on the solidity function curve that corresponds to a time equal to the task period. The work dependability concept can be applied in a vehicle brake system since the structure contains complex components that assist specific job accomplishments. In contrast, the mission reliability can be affected by a reliability deficiency such as wearing out of the equipment while one-time operational reliability is not affected by breakdowns although more time will be consumed completely the duties. The difference between mission reliability and one-operational reliability is the amount of work that can be accomplished within the set range. A vehicle brake connection operates under set design conditions and processes that increase its returns. When using mission reliability, it takes a short time to complete large amounts of work compared to one-time operational reliability which takes a long time due to quality limitations. In addition, the quality of merchandise determines the production during a specific task as it reduces the cost of maintenance. Reputable deficiency such as breakdown of the outcome can appear due to low quality. It is essential to evaluate the quality of products during the purchase to decrease the inconveniences. The mission consistent is an expensive goal to accomplish due to high maintenance costs and the high demand for logistics approach. The price of the spare parts may be high, hence decreasing the quality of services offered. The component reliability increases the mission safety while minimizing the dependability of the logistics due to the high demand rate. The demand rate is a measure of logistics reliability that tracks the events occurring when a failure triggers the support process. When the effect consists of more components, there are high chances of increasing its attainment. Designing reliable structures is the main aim of manufacturers that effectively fulfill the required duties to meet customer satisfaction. According to (Catelani et al., 2018), the reliability and maintenance policy should be adopted during the design and operational period to minimize failure and preserve system functionality. The term redundancy can be defined as the addition of resources to the existing product than required for its optimum achievements. Overabundance improves availability by developing strategies that minimize the occurrence of defeat during the tasks. Designing of high availability materials aims at reducing the breakdown and making repairs in a short period. Without repetition, the network intermission may vary on how responsive one can detect the breakdown, repair, or replacement of the failed part of the machine and return the system to its operational status. With good acc
Tata is one of the Indian business giants that have been seen to expand drastically, acquiring different businesses abroad. These range from manufacturing businesses to consultancy services. For instance, Tata Motors (2006) acquired the truck division of the beaten Daewoo of Korea in 2003. Tata steel has acquired steel mills in many places including Europe. Tata Tea bought Tetley Tea in 2000 while Tata consultancy has spread its tentacles all over. In UK for instance, Tata employs at least 45,000 workers; Tata consultancy employs over 5000 staff while Tata UK is the country’s biggest manufacturer and employs over 40,000 workers. The steelworks at Stockbridge are currently under the ownership of Tata. In a recent business move, Land Rover which had earlier been taken by Tata launched the Evoque, which is a mini sports utility vehicle. This is a vehicle that drew the admiration of many leading to placement of up to 20,000 orders prior to opening of its sale. This is just a glimpse of Tata’s spread of its tentacles. Tata’s Environment The internal environment includes its strengths and weaknesses in management, strategy, and products. In their internalization strategy, TATA envisages to always retain managers that were already in place in the acquired company and combine them with some senior managers from the Indian constituent. By retaining management staff of the acquired companies, Tata will be able to face the possible management challenges that would especially relate to human resources. Some of these challenges are developing HR initiatives to manage employee morale in a new environment and managing their productivity and insecurity (Shah 2006). The company also is keen on management development of the leaders. They have programs intended to improve the skills of the managers. In its alliances, the company enhances product portfolios for the two companies (Greer 2002).
Introduction The values we place around food refer to all the internal and external factors down to the presentation of the food itself. Firstly, for change to occur, new foods that were previously regarded as ancient, alien, and inedible must come back to represent positive rather than negative values. This may only happen when individuals are enlightened more on their positive values (Lupton, 1996). Also, the categorizing of certain foods and allowing them to be eaten on certain occasions makes it restricted, prestigious, and designated for a specific privileged group or individuals, therefore diminishing its value to the greater society. Secondly, significant chemical changes occur in food during harvesting, processing, and storage, which affect its general quality and value while influencing both its major and minor components. Another main factor that influences food value is the environment in which the food is prepared and served. The environment in food handling should always be clean, conducive, and bearable at all times, and being a restaurant owner, there is no bargain when it comes to this. Moreover, elements such as air-conditioning, oil, grease, and the level of garbage that results from my restaurant’s activity are of my great concern, as they will have a broader impact on the environment at large. These are the reasons that have motivated me to give out the following memo to my employees. Environmental Memo Since the restaurant is having a more significant impact on the greater environment, my staff should adhere to the following rules and regulations as stated here so that the business can gain a more environment-friendly image.   * The levels of garbage are relatively high and should be minimized. Therefore, refuse, recyclables, and returnables must be removed from the premises by portable receptacles that are lawfully constructed and maintained or a transport vehicle that is legally built and maintained ( Arduser and Brown, 2005). Therefore, I have invested and put a pyrolysis system to curb the massive air pollution menace caused by our incinerator. To adjust to this system, garbage should be separated into heavy and light components with metals or glasses extracted to be processed through this system.   * The oil and grease that comes from the restaurant also hinders the growth and purity of various organisms and may lead to the death of some when in contact. I have therefore commissioned the installation of an oil and grease interceptors into our plumbing and drainage system. Furthermore, I have also placed special brown coded containers on wheels to make it easier for all staff on where this oil and grease will be disposed of. These waste oils, such as grease and spent fryolator oil, are also used in biodiesel production and have therefore signed a contract with a biodiesel company, which will be retrieving this waste from our establishment (Singh and Steven, 2010).   * The restaurant will also switch to eco-friendly central air conditioners, which has a low remittance of carbon into the environment. Compared
This chapter explores peacekeeping in places where violence is a routinely practice (Ramsbotham, Miall, and Woodhouse 147). Previously, it was asserted that keeping peace either suppressed war, or held it within boundaries, or fixed the damage after. The latter and the first points are the widest parts of the hourglass model; this chapter encompasses the narrow part of it. It is argued that agencies such as UN are the key actors in conflict mitigation and resolution – which is their primary task. Peacekeeping has developed from the first- and second-generation phases into the third operation mode, within which the borderline between maintenance and enforcement has crumbled (148). As a matter of fact, some peace operations are likely to be mistaken for acts of war. Which is why the goal of this chapter is to redeem the bad image of third-generation operations and determine how they can resolve conflicts. First- and Second-Generation UN Peacekeeping, 1956-1995 In the mid-1950s, the main principles of peacekeeping were singled out, particularly to control the UNEF I. The primary principles were focused on the parties’ consent, neutrality, nonpartisanship, refraining from force usage but for self-protection, and legality. It was the period of first-generation peace operations which functioned mainly to patrol borders and gray areas. After the Cold War was over, the operations experienced a paradigm and function shift, and also increased in number and cultural involvement. The second-generation peacekeeping was more active and involved almost three times as many countries in the mid-1990s as it had in 1980s (149). As the quantity of peacekeepers increased, the quality of operations started fading (150). In 1994, the UN failed to curb the Rwanda genocide; in 1995, allowed 8,000 civilians to be murdered in a safe area (151). 11 September 2001 exacerbated the UN status further still. War Zones, War Economies, and Cultures of Violence When civilians are under siege of the militia, they and humanitarian providers are targeted. While the WWI took lives of the soldiers, the 1990s switched on to civil population (151). 2001 and 2002 were marked by thousands of casualties as a result of terrorist attacks – which can be regarded as a switchback to medieval brutality or have more profound reasons behind. The “scorched earth” tactics is deployed by terrorists to increase control and as a way of problem-solving between the groups, where civilians are seen as a resource, as well as the humanitarian aid (152). Peacekeepers have to face not only the ideological and nationalistic baseline to these conflicts, but also the carnivorous greed for power and resources involved, particularly in embryo-phase self-governing states. Restriction of trade can be a solution, as well as peacekeeping. It is stated that peacekeeping strategies should be developed considering economic status of such states (153). However, the violence cannot be explained by economic issues alone: ethnic conflicts can also serve as a motivation for annihilation. The ultimate aim of “cult
In the workplace, employees are expected to work in cooperation to achieve organizational goals. Their interaction is expected to be open, constructive, and respectful, but in some cases, sexual harassment occurs. Sharing sexually-inappropriate images or sending suggestive letters are the examples of workplace sexual harassment, which cases absenteeism, low work effectiveness, stress, and other negative outcomes (Hersch, 2015). This paper aims to design a plan for a real-life situation, when a female employee reported about sexual harassment from her male colleague. The goal is to consider the case from the point of an HR manager and identify the points that should be taken into account while talking to both of them. The US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sexual harassment as “unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment” (“Sexual harassment”, 2020). Based on this definition, it is possible to state that the male employee applied inappropriate behavior to his female colleague by recurrently asking her out on dates while she refused. The first point is an immediate response to this case to make sure that the complaining employee feels that she is listened to. The second step is to show that this person is safe from retaliation, stating that her decision to complain was correct (Hersch, 2015). After that, the HR manager should ask the employee about the whole story, including any involves persons, circumstances, actions made and words said by the male employee, and other details. Some notes should be taken to document names, dates, and so on, which is important to investigate the case. When all the details are clarified, the harassed employee should be assured that the case will be investigated, and misconduct would not be tolerated. Nagy and Curl-Nagy (2019) state that workplace cultural change should be promoted in companies that faced similar cases, which can be achieved by introducing sexual harassment and assault training. The complaining employee should be told that the organization would consider such training. In addition, it seems to be relevant to ask about the ways the employee may accept to resolve the incident. The HR manager can use open-ended questions to stimulate the conversation and understand the employee’s perspective. In turn, the male employee accused of sexual harassment should be interviewed, using a respectful and listening approach. He should be notified about the complaint and asked to explain this incident. The HR manager can use a careful approach and avoid accusing him since it may lead to defensive behaviors. Instead, it is better to say that his co-worker feels uncomfortable and unsafe when he asks her to date repeatedly. After that, the workplace policies about intolerance to sexual harassment and its negative consequences should be clarified. The main goal of this conversation is to encourage the employee to understand that he was wrong and motivate him to learn to prevent similar behaviors in the future. To conclude, sexual harassment conversations are challenging for HR
Introduction In this day and age, almost every person living in a big city is able to try the traditional cuisine of another culture without having to leave the town. Due to the fast development of the hospitality industry, multiple businesses such as restaurants and cafes focus on providing their customers with an exceptional experience of something new and nuanced. This is why there are so many excellent Italian, Japanese, Indian, and Chinese restaurants with dishes either resembling or fully implementing the traditional dishes of these countries in the menus. However, there is a lack of Native American restaurants despite the fact that this culture directly correlates with the territory of the current US. It is rather unusual that a nation living on the USA territory for long before the colonists arrived is not widely represented in the hospitality industry, namely traditional restaurants. Several reasons have impacted this gap, especially the historical background, the poverty that affects the Native American community, and the different approaches to food as a whole. Historical Background Unlike such countries as Japan, China, Italy, and other countries with cuisine widely available in US restaurants, Native Americans have a different experience in terms of history. The culture itself suffered due to the colonization and the assimilation that the government was trying to install for an extended period of time. Sherman (2021) refers to these actions as an aim to isolate, terminate, and convert a large number of the population to traditional western ways of life. Due to the extended efforts towards westernizing Native Americans, many aspects of the culture that have been descriptive of the community became much less practiced or even remembered. Moreover, the centuries of discrimination and abuse led to the isolation of Native Americans and the dissociation with the rest of the country. Colonialism A primary aim of colonialism and assimilation of the existing population is the installment of other traditions and cultures in a structure with entirely different overviews and ways of life. This was the case for western colonizers interested in converting the native people into the religious, social, and political system practiced in countries actively trying to take the territories over. While food is not considered a crucial descriptor of a nation in contrast with religion, language, tradition, and other vital factors, it is one of the primary things that differs one culture from another. Since the objective was to take the traditional ways of life and replace them with new ones, food was one of the aspects that needed to chang
Introduction Advertising is an important part of any industry. It has become part of people’s daily lives. Man has always practiced advertising since the beginning of trade. This practice has progressed to other areas. Various methods and techniques of advertising have been tried all over the world. However, each method has a different underlying principle. The different periods in history have ushered in a new way of advertising that suits the existing generation and the products or activities to be promoted. Advertising is a major part of marketing communication. Albert Lasker defines it as the salesperson driven in print. However, advertising has undergone a series of modifications that have changed the definition from that stated by Lasker to a form of communication that is aimed at promoting a business or commercial activity (Pope 2003). The current forms of advertising such as the use of print and electronic media have helped define the practice of advertising. Ordinary people are exposed to hundreds of adverts in their daily lives. These adverts are meant to influence their decision-making. The techniques used to achieve these effects are dependent on the intended outcome. The most significant changes in advertising took place in the 20 th century. These changes were occasioned by the numerous inventions that occurred during this period. The economic, social, and legal changes in this century also meant that the techniques used in advertising would change. Another factor that led to changes in the advertising techniques used in the 20 th century was the stiff competition that was evident between major companies and organisations. One of the periods in the 20 th century that marked a big turning point for advertising is the period of 1980s, which can be said to constitute a radical break in advertising technique and strategy in the way in which it spoke to its audience. This essay uses examples to illustrate, outline, and critically evaluate some of the significant changes and shifts in1980s advertising techniques. Before the 1980 Advertising was largely innocent before 1980. Many definitions existed even before this period. Advertising is both an art and a science. It attempts to convince and persuade the audience to buy goods or services (Pope 2003, p. 1). Apart from the promotion of sales, advertising has been used in other areas to promote positive appeal for companies to their audience, promote political ideas and individuals, and to promote favourable behaviours (Pope 2003, p. 1). Some individuals attempted to distinguish advertising from salesmanship by stating that advertising has a target audience as opposed to salesmanship that only has an individual to convince. Some of the changes that
Justify the use of elements by connecting them to various motivations of altruistic behavior as identified in social exchange theory Altruism refers to the unselfish concern for other people’s welfare. The problem of child abuse is very rampant in the United States of America. Unfortunately, cases of child abuse are often neglected whenever they are reported to relevant authorities. Child Protective Services is a government agency in the United States, which deals with cases of child abuse (Bruni, 2008). Child Protective Service workers have special training on how to handle cases of child abuse. However, the recent rise in cases of child abuse has raised a lot of concern over the effectiveness of the services offered by the agency. Persuasion refers to the act of communicating to induce belief or action. As a strategy for intervention and prevention of child abuse, persuasion can be very effective if the right strategies are applied. Applying the social exchange theory in the persuasion process will greatly reduce cases of child abuse (Bruni, 2008). Intervention plays a crucial role in the prevention of child abuse, as it helps to eliminate the possibility of the recurrence of events. Social theories argue that if a child gets to vent his or her anger without any intervention from care providers, there is a high likelihood that they will be aggressive and violent towards others in the future. However, through collective education and practice, these behaviors are preventable. Nature of Child Abuse Child abuse refers to any action against a child that causes physical, sexual, or emotional harm (Bruni, 2008). A report released by the United States Health and Human Services Department showed that in the year 2011, the number of child abuse cases involved over half a million victims (DePanfilis, 2012). The report attributed this high number of victims to far above the ground levels of ignorance on parenting, health, and development skills among mothers. According to the social exchange theory, human beings have an inner motive of engaging in something primarily to get certain benefits (Bruni, 2008). One of the most relevant assumptions of child abuse applied by this theory is that most human beings find their satisfaction through others. The emergence and development of the child abuse phenomenon have great links with a high rate of modernization (DePanfilis, 2012). With the high rate of technological developments, more people are getting urbanized, receptive to technology, and at the same time, exposing children to more danger. Discuss the implications of strategy in terms of intervention and prevention Persuasion plays a very crucial role in preventing the rise of abuse towards children (Bruni, 2008). It is important to persuade various people who provide children with care to adopt better approaches that will not harm children. Numerous elements of persuasion apply effectively in achieving this feat. Three elements suitable for the reduction o