ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Criteria pollutants are six air pollutants identified and controlled by the Clean Air Act of 1970. These are carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. There are regulations on the allowed concentration of these pollutants in the ambient air. These were chosen as part of national air quality standards because of their adverse health and environmental effects (Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, 2017). Previously, states had more freedom in setting their regulatory approaches which did not meet federal requirements. Now, the states must meet at least the minimum requirements; otherwise, the Environmental Protection Agency will have the authority to take over the state’s mandate. In addition, cross-state pollution was not considered until the Clean Air Act was amended in 2011. Therefore, a state could have been strictly regulating emissions, but averaging poor air quality due to pollutants from industries on the border of other states. The greatest threats for causing air pollution are vehicle and industry emissions. The United States has one of the largest vehicle and industry emission factors per population. Despite existing regulations, there is still a rapid criteria pollutant emission. Even if these amounts are lowered, the detrimental effect still exists, and a lot of damage to the environment is irreversible. The best solution is to continue increasing regulation and to adopt a rapid shift to environmentally friendly technology. Environmental justice has a significant role in reducing air pollution. The growing popularity of environmentally friendly practices and the adoption of new regulations have led to a significant improvement of air quality nationally in the last 30 years (the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2017). Although most people hope for a continuous improvement of air quality, there is remarkable opposition to the regulation. It is associated with politics and ignorance; however, efforts are still made to acknowledge the numerous dangers of air pollution. Current political processes can cause the nation to backtrack on the progress made up to date.
Background A study was undertaken to investigate job satisfaction among physicians working in the nursing field. The researchers were interested in establishing a correlation between job satisfaction and intentions to leave the organization. The research question of the study was: What is the perceived level of job satisfaction and intent to leave among Malaysian nurses? (Alam and Mohammad 124). The study was designed to test the hypothesis: Job satisfaction lowers the intention to abandon jobs. Subjects and procedure The sample space was selected randomly to eliminate researcher bias. Malaysia has a ratio of 1.69 nurses to every 1000 populations; hence, a high turnover rate may lead to adverse results in terms of the quality of health care. The researchers had initially distributed 200 questionnaires to be completed by nurses at the selected hospital. 153 of the questionnaire were completed by the participants, and they were used for data analysis (Alam and Mohammad 128). Variables The variables under test in the study were job satisfaction and the intention to abandon their employer. The six facets used included satisfaction with supervisors, variety, closure, compensation, coworkers. The study also looked into employee satisfaction with the human resource management. The six items were rated by the participants on a five-point Likert scale with a 1-5 range of disagreement. 1 represented “strongly disagree”, and 5 represented “Strongly agree”. Intention to leave was also measured through a similar five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to measure the instrument’s reliability (Alam and Mohammad 129). Results The respondents revealed that their intention to leave work was a function of the level of job satisfaction. Nurses from the selected hospital were moderately satisfied with the internal environment of their workplace. The results validated the hypothesis by indicating that satisfaction at work lowers the rate of the desire to leave (Alam and Mohammad 132). It was apparent that employee satisfaction is directly related to the nature of the internal environment in the organization. Interpersonal relationships between the employees and their supervisors is particularly important in developing commitment. The nurses also revealed that they required autonomy at work. Critique The research used a large sample space, which enhances the validity of the findings, but it should have been better if the researchers used participants from different hospitals. This approach would have eliminated the chances of propagating errors from the participants (Gerrish and Lacey 148). The findings of the research are very helpful in the development of an understanding about employees in the service field. According to the findings, employee turnover is a function of job satisf
Alexander Pushkin in his writing, “The Queen of Spades”, takes the reader through the world of faro gambling at the time of the Imperialist Russia in the beginning of the early 19 th century. The author’s intention in going inside this world of faro gambling is to reveal his principle subject matter, the destructive consequences of greediness and corruption, which is both dominant in Russia’s society currently and on people’s souls. According to the writing, the corruption of love by money and class is preyed by two individual characters: the blameless and fixated, “angel and fallen angel, Lizaveta and Herman, Susan Chilcott and Placido Domingo” (Pushkin 1890). The author introduces an inscrutable character, Hermann, a protagonist, and tries to makes him so likable, with an intention of carrying away the reader emotionally looking at the consequence of corruption, and makes the reader more leaning to empathize with him (Herman) when his greed or corrupt behaviors lead to his down-fall. Hermann endeavours to enrich his own self at the expense of others. We see that Herman cannot overcome his greed that eventually corrupts his heart and soul. To begin with, he deceives Lizaveta and he even has no regrets for his actions. As the author narrates when he (Hermann) meets Lizaveta in her house: “Hermann gazed at her in silence: his heart, too, was a prey to violent emotion, but neither the tears of the poor girl, nor the wonderful charm of her beauty, enhanced by her grief, could produce any impression upon his hardened soul” (Pushkin 1890). However, although he has feelings for Lizaveta (as he says “I am ready to take your sin upon my soul”), he is overcome by greed for money, which corrupts his heart and betrayed her trust for money. This can be seen where he was waiting for the Countess to go to sleep, but hears Lizaveta walking up the staircase, Pushkin (1890) says, “Something like remorse stirred in his heart, but died down again.” Even besides frightening the old woman to death with his behavior, he has no remorse for her death and he is still persistent to master the secret of the card even if it meant carrying the lifetime yoke of a horrific indulgence but winning the fortune. When he lastly masters the secret of the game and wins 47,000 rubles, he tends to believe that all belongs to him and he is obsessed by the card. Hermann greedily deceives other gamblers large sums. We can see how corrupt Hermann’s behavior becomes when he tells the Countess, “Perhaps the price of it was some terrible sin, the loss of eternal bliss, a compact with the devil” (Pushkin 1890). Pushkin also brings out other thematic concerns in the writing such as the negative nature of corruption and the influence of sexuality, drawing attention to the Oedipal affiliation between the Countess and the protagonist. Herman flees from the Countess’s house with the assistance of Liz
Deseret News had had to make hard decisions in the past. The public seems to adapt to the new culture of getting news in the fastest way possible (Kahane 2012). There is a need for the news to be informative and affordable. Basing on the market trends and competition Deseret News has to set a standard for the future using the scenario planning. It is basing on the principle that the future is surprisingly uncertain. The company may need to increase its market on the best case vision. Part of the competition it is facing is also coming from Asian firms. Deseret News needs to spread its coverage to Asia and worldwide. The news editors can study the Asian, European and African cultures in depth. Then they can come up with the weekly news magazines that they know are of great interest to the people in those markets. It would work well in the repositioning of the legacy business (Konno, Nonaka & Ogilvy 2014). When the news agency gets such markets, it would then increase its workforce in those regions. Nations would like to promote companies that provide employment to their citizens and the promotion of development. It should also use the services of the experts and experienced people in the news items it is publishing. It would enable the news agency to be ahead of its competitors (Whelan-Berry & Somerville 2010). Deseret Digital needs to start focusing on the younger generation (Buchanan, 2011). The continent now has an increased population of younger people than the elderly. The digital portfolio should start focusing on current youthful news that involves music, entertainment, and challenges affecting them (Wade & Wagner 2012). It would enable the organization to tap the market that is growing and grow with it. It should also start dealing with electronic gadgets like the tablets, iPods, and among others. It can partner with the learning institutions that provide online education. It would be a chance to provide these gadgets that have apps and promote current affairs and research tools. If Deseret can embrace these two case scenarios for both the analogue and the digital, it would be the leader in the market five years from now. However, the worst case vision would also be possible in the five years to come (Gilbert, Eyring & Foster 2012). First is that other organizations like the Amazon and XGS are also advancing in technology. There would also be other news agencies that would develop over time. Given the fast changing environment, the company’s lifespan could also be nearing its end. The company might have to close down or change its business model. The prospects of the company would be its advanced decision-making process. It would stand the challenges and be able to remain the best company of the century. It is because the company has adopted the new way of doing business by getting experienced workforce. The top leadership has embraced scenario planning and would keep finding new ways to do business. Deseret would need to source for more experienced workforce and modern equipment to provide better service
Cloud computing has been gaining popularity for the last few decades. In fact, small as well as large organizations have realized the potential of cloud in saving costs of procurement, installation and maintaining data storage systems. Synchronized sectors, including banking, have realized such benefits in utilizing cloud computing. It is imperative for organizations to make rational decisions before transferring data and information to the cloud. Despite the variety of advantages, the concept has presented to the end-users, there is also a range of risks associated with data and information security and privacy. However, limited research has been conducted, considering that the concept is relatively new. This study explores the confidentiality, information integrity, data theft, information loss, data location, data deletion, malicious insiders and account hijacking as well as data segregation. By utilizing this literature, the researcher aims to propose ways in which privacy and security of data can be guaranteed. Cloud computing can be regarded as the transfer and storage of data in shared networks. Contemporarily, customers loose personal data and information to malicious individuals. Thus, this study has been motivated by the increasing use of cloud services that expose data to potential mishandling and disclosure. The research hence seeks to make appropriate mitigation recommendations against data security and privacy on clouds. In clarifying this study, the risks involved with clouding require further research. That is, there is a variety of gaps in previous works, as they have not sufficiently addressed data security and privacy. In order to accomplish this, the research method utilized in this research require existing literature on cloud computing. The researcher’s knowledge of cloud computing was also imperative. Limited knowledge by stakeholders necessitated the analysis of cloud computing unit. According to literature review, the client organization risks the information and data being exposed by the host’s staff. Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) has addressed such concerns. Cloud computing involves storing data and information on shared networks. Hence, research questions included whether the concept has been previously threatened. The methodology utilized sought to consider whether existing literature has sufficient information on data security and privacy on clouds or not. The research found three main cloud-computing platforms namely Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The information security concerns that organizations require to address before engaging a cloud-computing provid
This research involves the study of variations in prices of commodities and their effects on the profitability of companies. Differential Analysis is the study of changes in prices and organizational actions, which affect relevant profitability and revenues. This study uses the case study of Herrestad Company. Some of the relevant items that are essential for this study are Differential revenue, Differential cost and Differential profit or loss. Differential revenue is the growth or decline in revenues that a company expects for a particular product as compared to its substitute products. Differential cost on the other hand, is the rise or decline in the production costs which a company projects for a particular product as compared to other substitute products. Differential income is the result of subtracting differential cost from differential revenue if the revenue is greater than the costs. Differential loss is the result of subtracting differential revenue from the differential costs if the cost is greater than the revenue. Herrestad Company receives an order to produce a new product C. Product B is already in existence but there are variations between the two products B and C. The relevant amounts and expenses that are vital for this decision are:  1. The expected cost per unit of the new product C (The cost will reduce by $12 per unit because of a decrease in direct material cost).  2. The present cost per unit of alternative B  3. The expected income from the new product C  4. The present revenue from the alternative B Assuming the cost per unit of product B is $X, the cost of 1000 units will be $1000X. For product C, the cost per unit will be $(X-12), therefore, 1000 units will cost $1000(X-12). The next step here is to compare the production costs for product C and its alternative B to determine the product with the lower cost. Product C costs 1000(X-12) and B costs 1000X. Product C costs 1000X-12000 while B costs 1000X, so product C is cheaper to produce than product B. This means there is rationale when the company decides to produce the new product C as opposed to using its alternative B. However, this is process is not complete until this company considers the revenues it expects from the two products. If the new customer only pays $150 per Unit, then for both products B and C, the company will receive 1000*150 = $150000. The profit for B = $(150000-1000X) The differential profit for C = $(150000-(1000X-12000)) The differential profit for C = $(150000-1000X+12000) The differential profit for C = $(162000-1000X) If the company decides to produce product C, its profitability will go up by $(162000-1000X)-(150000-1000X) = $(162000-150000-1000X+1000X) = $12000. If instead of $150, the company gives the customer an offer to pay $140 per Unit, the profitability of Herrestad Company is bound to fall. The cost of production
In his contribution to World religions in dialogue, enhanced edition: A comparative theological approach (2017), Peter Feldmeier provides an in-depth examination of Buddhism through the perspective of a follower of another religion. Feldmeier (2017) starts his chapter by pointing out the reasons why Westerners might be interested in Buddhism, mainly because they are “utterly varied and even contradictory” and “[offer] an alternative to a Western or Christian perspective” (p. 191). He proceeds to identify the origins of Buddhism by describing the life path of Siddhartha Gautama and juxtaposing the goal of Hinduism to that developed by the Buddha. Having introduced a proper background for his argument, Feldmeier claims that “everything the Buddha taught was grounded in the Four Noble Truths,” one of which is achieved “by following the Eightfold Path” (p. 193; p. 194). He also provides a comprehensive yet simplified narration of the problematic relationship between Nirvana and the self. Finally, the author describes the practical sides of Buddhism—traditions, practices, and holidays. Feldmeier concludes by claiming that Buddhism offers a chance to achieve a fruitful discourse by engaging in interreligious practices. The excerpt offers several insights beyond general education. For example, Buddhism teachings give a prolific ground to explore the understanding of the self. The notion of the Mahayana tradition of “the interconnectedness of everything in the universe” prompts contemplation on the role of the self within the context of the entire world (p. 198). Overall, Buddhism certainly provokes existential questions and offers another philosophical perspective. The puzzling nature of Nirvana and its connection to the self is also of interest. If achieving Nirvana means stopping suffering, but the ultimate truth is “inaccessible to thought,” it makes the desire to achieve Nirvana yet another craving that brings suffering. Essentially, it could be inferred that suffering that is life can be overcome through another, a particular form of suffering. Reference Feldmeier, P. (2017). An outsider’s perspective. In P. Valkenberg (Ed.), World religions in dialogue, enhanced edition: A comparative theological approach (Enhanced ed., pp. 191–201). Anselm Academic.
Taking a well-known element from a specific type of media and transforming it into a new one is a rather challenging task (Varela, 2012), yet, for obvious financial reasons, the specified framework has been used in movie industry a countless number of times (Manning & Sydow, 2007), with a predictably sad outcome in most cases. In their attempt to cash in on a popular character, most media producers fail to recognise the key principles and values that the source material was based on; as a result, the end product happens to be not only convoluted and practically pointless, but also filled with the ideas that distort the very nature of the original TV series, therefore, jeopardising the success and viability of the franchise (Carroll, 2009). The specified process of altering the source material could be viewed as an attempt to incorporate diversification (Sutherland, 2012) and vertical integration (Bresnahan & Levin, 2012) into traditional media (Hesmondhalgh, 2012). Indeed, whereas modern media evolves consistently due to the technological advances and the opportunities for intercultural communication that they create, traditional media is quite hard to diversify. The above-mentioned Transformers franchise is a graphic example of the phenomenon in question; despite substantial financing of the project it still turned out hackneyed and half-baked due to the misinterpretation of the source material. When it comes to locating an appropriate critical reading, one should bear in mind that the opinion regarding the destruction of the Transformers franchise van, in fact, be considered unanimous (Brody, 2014). Whereas the first movie that launched the plague of awful renditions of the source material had mixed reviews (Starns, 2007),the ones that ensued made it quite clear that the translation of the original ideas into the consumerist culture of the 21 st century did not add attractiveness to the concept that was already silly to begin with (Jagernauth, 2014). Reference List Bresnahan T. F. & Levin, J. D. (2012). Vertical integration and market structure . Web. Brody, R. (2014). Michael Bay’s meticulous excess. New Yorker . Web. Carroll, R. (2009). Adaptation in contemporary culture: Textual infidelities . New York, NY: A&C Black. Hesmondhalgh, D. (2012). Cultural industries (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Jagernauth, K. (2014). Review: Michael Bay’s ‘Transformers: Age of Extinction’ starring Mark Wahlberg. The Playlist . Web. Manning, S. & Sydow, J. (2007). Transforming creative potential in project networks: How TV movies are produced under network-based control. Critical Sociology, 33 (1), 19–42. Starns, J. (2007). Transformers. Coming Soon . Web. Sutherland, R. (2012). Sound recording and radio: Intersections and overlaps. In Urquhart. P. & Wagman, I., Cultural Industries.ca: Making sense of Canadian media in the Digital Age . Toronto, ON: James Lorimer & Company. Varela, M. D. M. (2012). Critical analysis on the communicative process between children’s magical realism literature and animation movies: conceptual primitivism aesthetic context for the referential problems on children’s texts. Comunicação e Sociedade