ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Ableism denotes social prejudice and bias against people with disabilities (PWD) and in favor of able-bodied individuals. People are not born with such prejudice embedded in them but learn it later in life from the community, the media, parents, and friends, to mention a few. Many people are not as skillful as they ought to be with respect to interrelations with individuals they perceive to be of a different culture or ability. At times, even people with good intentions occasionally say or behave in a prejudiced or biased approach, even unwittingly (Scott, 2016). Social influence is a great aspect that may change a person’s behavior and mindset regarding other people or a group. PWD act as a minority group that is hardly talked about but is greatly oppressed. Generally, modern society does not appreciate the different talents and abilities of PWD but treats them like castaways. Very little attention is given to PWD, their challenges, and the oppression that they encounter. Impairments are regarded as defects that must be fixed to make people with such disabilities ‘normal’ again (Adjei, 2018). This has been a prevalent manner of thinking where being able-bodied is considered normal. Society is inclined to meeting the demands of the able-bodied while ignoring the needs of PWD. Ableism entails the application of unsuitable words, unfairness in places of work and learning institutions, denial of service, lack of required amenities, and unequal and discourteous treatment of PWD. Even the practice of favoring the less disabled individual over the more disabled one is deemed a type of ableism. Ableists, people who are inclined to the ideals of ableism and who practice it, may do it both intentionally and unintentionally. Even strangers, members of the family, colleagues, and peers with good intentions may unintentionally subscribe to the notions of ableists while motivating and encouraging a patient with words such as, “engage in regular exercise so that you walk again and make your life better.” Some forms of disabilities, such as mental disability, are highly stigmatized when judged against others because of the previously associated stereotypes (Silva & Howe, 2018). In this regard, people with schizophrenia and other forms of mental disorders may face stigmatization and discrimination from able-bodied individuals anchored in the mistaken notion of their being dangerous. Attributable to the increased stigmatization against people with some forms of mental health disorders, many individuals may choose to suffer silently rather than disclose their problems to others for fear of ill-treatment and segregation. For instance, they may fear being labeled, losing their employment positions or housing, going through prejudiced treatment in the provision of necessary services after disclosure
Promoting freedom will eventually lead to peace. That is the saying that everybody has heard in their lives. Modern leaders of democracy nowadays often insist that it has arrived at the highest and the most stable position of all times, thus claiming the generalization of democracy throughout the world. In June 1982, President Ronald Reagan presented a commentary to the British parliament, in which he advertised that “governments founded on a respect for individual liberty exercise restraint and peaceful intentions of their foreign policy. He then, perhaps unaware of the contrast, announced a crusade for freedom and a campaign for democratic development” (Santos 2014, p. 1). A lot of developing countries are committed to enhancing and intensifying democratic rectitude in their government organizations. This image has led to the active actions of the leading democratic countries, the USA, in particular in order to enhance democracy in other nations. This idea was strongly emphasized by George Bush in his speech during the inauguration in 2005. However, despite the fact that diplomatic means were the first intentions of propagating democracy, the military occupation became an essential part of consigning ‘freedom.’ It is well known that during the time of its existence, the USA repeatedly tried to export democracy by the use of military force; for all that, the consequences were quite diverse. Some of the intentions of exporting democracy were put into practice in West Germany, Japan, and Italy, to be more distinctive. On the other hand, they failed wretchedly in some countries, such as Vietnam, Cuba, etc. The diversity of results led to a heightened concern among policymakers whether military involvement can guarantee the imposing and establishing continuous democratic foundations. The new millennium has been opened by two violent and fundamental wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Both of them were advocated by the government of the United States with several assertions. The most important cause of the military invasion of the USA is self-defense: the United States invaded Afghanistan in order to exterminate the core of terrorist foundations, and the troops in Iraq were obliged to demolish the purported weapons of mass destruction. However, lately, another intention was added: in extension to an established motive, the government of the United States was trying to inflict a change in leadership of the country and impose democracy. Now the question arises: is democracy a product that can be exported from the countries that are more developed than the receiving nation? Under what circumstances is it attainable and justifiable to enhance democracy in developing countries? There are the representatives of the democratic community that consider this system of government, the one that works for every nation. However, they forget that the whole society consists of a diversity of countries with their settled government system. In this paper, we will try to establish whether democracy can be enforced not. Moreover, this paper will argue over the export of democracy by developed countries, the United States, in
Introduction Philosophers and scientists, particularly the astronomers, have been looking for information pertaining to how the universe was formed. Even though there is no single authoritative model that explains the manner in which the universe was formed, there is one model that satisfies the highest share of astronomers: the nebular hypothesis or model. The model is not only the most popular but also the one that garners several factual arguments on its accounts for the formation of the universe. The hypothesis dates back to 1734 when Emanuel Swedenborg (Woolfson 1984, p.6) first proposed it. It dates the formation of the universe back since some 4.6 billion years following the collapse of an interstellar molecular cloud of particles comprising of ice, rock, and dust among others. However, several criticisms were raised on it for a couple of years making it fall out of favour. One of the central criticisms of the nebular hypothesis rested on its inability to provide an explanation on why the sun lacked angular momentum in comparison with all other planets, which orbit around it (Fogg & Nelson 2007, p.1195). Nevertheless, “now, it is back with a definitive model” (Gomes et al. 2005, p.466). As from early 1980s, tremendous studies have been carried on young stars. The studies show that young stars are “surrounded by cool discs and gas, exactly as the nebular hypothesis predicts” (Gomes et al. 2005, p.468). This has made the nebular hypothesis to be reaccepted. Following this validation of nebular hypothesis, this paper finds it ample to describe nebular model of the solar system coupled with the features of solar system that the model explains. Description of Nebular model of the solar system According to nebular model of the formation of the universe, the formation of the solar system is inherent to the formation of the stars and planetary disks. The figure below shows fundamentals of universe formation. Source: (Kokubo & Ida 2002, p.673) Formation of stars Stars are believed to have been formed from a giant cloud of molecular hydrogen, which was as big as 300,000 times the size of the sun (Montmerle at al. 2006, p.42). The nebular theory of the solar system approximates that the massive collapsing of the proto-stellar nebulae took place some 100, 000 years ago (Pudritz 2002, p.69). All nebulas initiate with some angular momentum. A gas is found at the centre of every nebular. Relative to the outer parts, this gas has a lower angular momentum. It undergoes an incredible compression resulting to the formation of a hot core that does not contract. The core’s mass is lesser than the original mass of the entire nebula (Mohanty, Ray & Basri 2005, p.492). The core constit
“What the Living Do,” by Marie Howe is written in remembrance of her younger brother Johnny who had died from an illness linked to AIDS. The poem is significant in relation to the loss of someone and living past that loss. In the elegy, the speaker oppositely reflects on everyday life; her words are directed to Johnny, her younger brother, who has passed on. The routine in life continues despite the loss of a loved one. This essay will examine the content and value of the poem in relation to the psychological, emotional, and literary elements used by the speaker to express the contrast between those living and the dead. The narrator is affected by the loss of Johnny as seen by the mess in the house. For days now, the sink has been blocked with no repair, the dishes are dirty, and the windows are open (Howe 78). Howe and Johnny discussed the house chores that had been left unattended to sometimes someplace where Johnny was. According to the poem, the living yearns and wants to live abundantly. The narrator is motivated to cherish Johnny’s life as she catches a glimpse of herself in the glass window and realizes that she needs to appreciate that she is living. Marie Howe Marie Howe is an American born in 1950 and raised in Rochester, New York. In her early years, Howe worked as a teacher and a newspaper reporter before deciding to pursue writing poetry and joining Columbia University, graduating with an MFA in 1983 (Academy of American Poet). Her works include “Magdalene”, “The Kingdom of Ordinary Time”, and “The Good Thief.” She received several honors and awards, including the State Poet Award, Robert Creeley Award, Los Angeles Times Book Prize, and selection for the National Poetry Series in 1987 among others. Her brother John died of the AIDS pandemic in 1989, inspiring her to write “What the Living Do” in his remembrance. His death changed the way she viewed and visualized life. She wrote on normal lifestyles and everyday tasks to bring out different life themes in a spiritual and mundane routine (Academy of American Poets). These works have appeared in various magazines and journals in the US. She has been influential in many ways, taught at various universities and colleges, and became the Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets from 2018 to date (Academy of American Poets). She currently lives with her daughter in New York, where she lectures at Sarah Lawrence College and New York University. During her time, America was going through aftermaths of the World War II and the rise of various movements that fought for the rights of laborers, women, and racism. Women began to move away from the domestic role and started working, taking up jobs initially done by men only. Moreover, homosexuality was abhorred by society and women suffered from domestic violence, sexual abuse, and other acts committed by men. The Emotional and Psychological Elements the Images in the Poem Convey The i
Background The number of international students is on the rise in most institutions of higher learning. This comes from various factors including a global increase in the size of the middle class, increase in marketing of courses abroad, and the increase in number of scholarships and opportunities to participate in exchange programs. This increase in the number of international student has some consequences because of the unique issues that come with living and studying in a new culture. While these issues have been present for some time, their magnitude has not been large because they affected a relatively small population. This has changed. The specific issues that international students deal with include financial pressure, racism and xenophobia, and lack of family support, leading reduced social participation. Financial pressure occurs in students whose sponsors are unable to cater fully for both academic and living expenses. Such students often try to find part time jobs to meet their needs. In the social front, the biggest pressure that international students face is racism and xenophobia. There has been a lot of progress in these two areas, but almost all foreign students especially from colored races have experienced some form of racism. Xenophobia arises from the feeling that foreigners are using up resources that the host country can ill afford. Another source of social problems for international students is the lack of social support. In most countries, the social fabric is stronger than in the west. For someone who grew up in Asia, Africa, or South America, it is quite challenging to settle in the less personal cultures of the west. These factors all combine to produce a set of international students who cannot participate effectively in their host cultures. Concepts of Group Theory There are important lessons derivable from group theory to explain the reasons behind the quality of social health of international students. In particular, group process and group dynamics can help shape the thinking undergirding Health Education Development targeting international students. Group process refers to the patterns of development of a group and the way in which relationships develop. These processes include observable issues and the inferred ones. Observable factors include speech patterns, body language, and the content of discourses. Inferred elements include the silent aspirations of the group members at individual and group level, and in some cases, at subgroup level. The group processes play several roles. They help the gro
SWOT Analysis Strengths   * The company has a long tradition of beer making.   * The company has an international outlook in its operations owing to involvement of the Germans in its inception (Arson & Gray 2011).   * The company has a significant market share in China.   * The company has strong financial health that will make it easy to raise the capital for the expansion to Thailand (Bryman & Bell 2011). Weaknesses   * The company has never done any production outside China. It lacks international experience.   * The company may have to pay heavy import duties if it does not manage to source all raw materials in Thailand.   * The company does not have any business relations in Thailand. This will increase the cost of establishing the company (Dalic 2007). Opportunities   * The beer market in Thailand has several international brands such as Carlsberg this shows that the market welcomes foreign beer brands.   * Thailand is generally a tolerant society, there should be no cultural backlash against the company (Kerzner 2010).   * Production in Thailand is better that importing ready made beer in Thailand because of heavy import duties on imported beer. Threats   * The company will be in direct competition with establishes beer manufacturers and brands in Thailand such as the Boon Rawd Brewery, makers of Singha beer.   * The company will be competing with other international brands that have established themselves in Thailand.   * The company risks making huge losses in Thailand if its market entry strategy flops because of the size of the investment it plans to make.   * The Beer market in Thailand is already very saturated, creating brand space will be challenging (Kerzner 2009). Scope Statement Project Justification   * Tsingtao Beer has an international appeal.   * Tsingtao Beer Co Ltd has the financial muscle to finance the expansion to Thailand.   * Thailand has the raw material needed to produce the Beer locally. Therefore the beer will not attract high import duty compared to exporting the brand to Thailand.   * The Beer will enjoy access to markets that have trade agreements with Thailand. Scope   * The project will include the following elements:       + The establishment of a brewery in Thailand.       + The identification of sources of raw material and the securing of supply contracts with all the potential suppliers.       + The development of a marketing st
In the year 2000, the Healthy People 2010 (HP 2010), a national program for enhancing healthy life, was first formulated in order to counter the reversible risks for humans’ lives by their unique recognition. Following this approach, a health-oriented program has been proposed for the mitigation and cure of diseases and the natives of Warren, a town of Illinois state, will be the target group for this program’s feedback and then, this program will be described to the ministry of health and education for this state for its endorsement. This proposal will also be communicated to the numerous public and private universities, issuing degrees in diet and exercise. It is also a belief that the main beneficiary of this program will be the community of senior citizens living in the state of Illinois. The main motivation behind the proposal of this program is the induction of awareness among the people about healthy dietary and exercise habits by taking initiative in the universities with the conductance of Bachelor and Master degree programs accordingly. This program will be proved as a paradigm for other health-related curricula, functioning under the same ministry of health. This program will report about the disease pattern among the citizens of Illinois State, especially the aged ones. The main source of data collection will be the community of aged citizens and university students. The mode of the collection will be verbal and written tools. The evaluation of the retrieved data will be made by MEPS (Medical Expenditure Panel Survey). The complaints of obesity and bulky bodies among the senior citizens of Warren Township will also be undertaken in this program for the detailed study. The door-to-door interviews and visits to government health institutes will be
Biotechnology is a branch of technology that studies plants and animals in a molecular perspective, thus involved on both health and environment. Geographical information systems (GIS) have the capability of organizing spatial databases from widely diverse perspectives. These are systems that compute spatial relationships and data that has been geo-referenced or located some where on the earth surface. The analysis of spatial information is supported by the first law of Geography where Waldo Tobler states, “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things” (Camara et al., 2001). The preferred kind of application is based on extinct animals in a biodiversity study. Researchers and scientists have turned their interest to this tool of technology. Camara et al. (2001) explains that GIS can be used to monitor endangered species, analyze vegetation distribution, oceanography and forest management. GIS has been and is being used in biodiversity studies. Biodiversity refers to the number and kind of species of plants and animals over a specific geographical region. The quantification and characterization for conservation of biodiversity at all levels is a key factor to how many species and population will survive and under what condition (Norris K. and Pain D., 2002).GIS is a suitable analysis and monitoring tool to integrate into the study of depleting species. Geo-informational systems are new components that can add efficiency and reliability to the field of biotechnology. They are a great method of communicating information. This collectively involves gathering raw data, storing it and analyzing it to useful information for the user then presenting meaning compilations. Projects aimed at digitizing biodiversity information are an innovative way of improving understandability through simplified representations (Goodchild et al., 1991). Foody G. and Atkinson P. (2002) explain that such work will involve a team of ecologists, geologists and mathematicians to estimate characteristics from geospatial data and other attributes. The system must have a geographical database where all the data is saved. The interactive phase will be through a user interface where data entry will be done. The usability of a system contributes to the user satisfaction and indirectly to the success of a product. The user interface should be easy to use and understand. Analysis on both the geographical and spatial information is carried out on the collected data on the database. After pr
Christianity is, without doubt, one of the most prominent religions on earth. Derived from the word Christ, Christians have tried to emulate the works and behaviors of the founder of the faith. However, with changing times, there have developed notable differences in the way doctrines and practices within the faith have been practiced. For instance evangelism in early Christians was, to some extend, different from what we experience in contemporary Christianity. This paper intends to compare and contrast evangelism in the early church and the present day’s evangelism. Evangelism in definition is the process of sharing giving out a message concerning a particular faith to other people who don’t adhere to that faith. This term is mostly used in Christian circles (Green 3). In the early church, there was no running away from the community you were called to serve. The evangelist was compelled to carry out his commission to the assigned community without failure. Therefore we see that they evangelized through constant presence. It therefore implies that this church mingled with the community thereby bringing that purpose of enhancing the gospel. Furthermore evangelism in the early church depended on the Holy Spirit. This means that the Holy Spirit caused them to preach and evangelize without fear or intimidation. They spoke the word d of God boldly. The apostles spread up beyond borders and declared the word of God, going ahead to baptize new converts in water and the Holy Spirit. Many people therefore spoke in tongues and were convicted to the gospel. Despite the situation, compromise was not a part of the early church’s evangelists. In the midst of persecution and trials it’s so evident that no apostle could deny the faith he had. This in it own way is evangelizing (Green 14). They never compromised the gospel with the situation they were in. The apostles went ahead to hostile environments with the constant message declaring the word of God. The early church had a convicting boldness that highly depended on prayer and the Holy Spirit. They never relented on this two things and that is why there was massive evangelism. Regardless of not having worldly possession, the church still never backed out in testifying the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. In evangelizing, they knew that life can be taken away at any time. This however did not make them fearful. It instead gave them courage. In evangelizing, they never feared death nor ever deny their faith. Through this, it is so evident that the gospel went all round and many people became convicted with the message they carried (Earley & Wheeler 125). In evangelizing, Jesus used some key points to win the hearts that were lost. As it is seen at the well in Samaria, Jesus met this Samaritan woman. He to