ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Poetry is a majestic genre of literature, which can transform anything into beautiful rhyming lines of text. According to some definitions, poetry is an ancient subject since it is the primary source of all languages. It evokes imagination, making the reader build an emotional connection to the writing through rhythm, sound, and vocabulary. This essay will compare and contrast two poetic works by different authors: Rainer Maria Rilke’s The panther’ and Ezra Pound’s ‘In a station of the Metro ‘. Main body In ‘The panther’ written by Rainer Maria Rilke, the theme of Nature and its clash with the world of civilization can be seen as early as in the poem’s title. Rilke treats the panther as a device to portray the difference between ‘civil’ and ‘savage’ and whether there is a difference. The author’s communication and Nature occur through the ferocious beast’s image, the panther, which also contrasts with the human world. Through the depiction of a wild animal, the author showcases how Nature feels in human hands and who is more barbaric – the beast, or the human, who subdued it. The message is in the despair of Nature, which exists in captivity and cannot be relieved from humans worldwide. The speaker is distant from the cage, yet he is present as an unseen ghost, a voice that narrates the panther’s feelings of despair. The structure is simple, yet it conveys strong emotional and philosophical content. The poem showcases one short episode, a moment of the majestic creature’s suffering, yet the reader can feel more than that. The animal can be interpreted as many things, including freedom as a concept and as Nature. It presents the reader with the serious question of whether the beast is savage or whether the humans who brought the animal to the verge are. The theme of ‘caging’ nature is relevant today since humanity destroys it by cutting precious forests, killing wildlife, and poisoning the air. Through the poem
Present Appropriate and Effective Voice/Image/Ethos to Audience When discussing gun control in Pennsylvania, I need to present myself in a way that would elicit trust from the readers. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge both points of view on the topic and provide evidence from reliable sources to support the thesis. For example, when arguing that there is a necessity for stricter firearm control in the state, I would offer the latest gun violence statistics. Specifically, I would note that the number of gun deaths in the state is still high, with 69 mass shootings taking place from 2014 through 2018 (Center for American Progress, 2019). Using these facts would allow me to depict myself as a knowledgeable writer who is familiar with the topic and has performed extensive research on it. Use Effective Tone for Audience and Goals It is also vital to ensure that after reading the article, the readers develop a feeling that gun violence is unfavorable and should be prevented. To evoke the needed emotions from the audience, I would emphasize the effect of lax gun control measures on children and families. I would use the official statistics to demonstrate how many young people under the age of 21 are killed with firearms and show the number of women killed by an intimate partner (Center for American Progress, 2019). Revealing the impact gun violence has on vulnerable populations is highly likely to elicit the desired emotional response. Use Effective Style for Audience and Goals For this paper, a persuasive style of writing is required. Therefore, I would employ several stylistic techniques to help persuade the readers and prompt a reaction from them. For example, I would use anaphora or epiphora for specific keywords, including the words “violence,” “death,” “kill,” and “gun.” As the first and last words of a sentence are more notable than those used in the middle, this would provoke the needed response from the audience. Reference Center for American Progress. (2019). Pennsylvania gun violence . Web.
The website of Obesity in America (n.d.) defines obesity as “an excessive amount of body fat in relation to lean body mass”. To put it in the words of a layman a person has declared obese if his or her body weight is approximately 30% above the ideal weight for his or her average height. There are a number of factors that are responsible for obesity. The most prominent ones include eating a diet rich in fat and calories, leading a sedentary life, or both. Others include genetic, hormonal, behavioral, and environmental factors that can also cause obesity. There has been a strong debate over the issue of obesity being a public or private matter. Americans appear to be ambivalent over the issue. According to Balko (2004), obesity is a private matter and not a public one. Balko is of the view that everyone should be responsible for his own actions and criticizes the involvement of the government in this issue. Balko points out a number of ways adopted by the government to overcome the problem of obesity. These include setting up a budget of $125 million for adopting a healthy lifestyle, banning snacks and sodas from schools and vending machines, and even introducing a “fat tax” on high-calorie foods. Taxing and depriving those with the food of their choice is actually a demotivating factor. Balko states that instead of adopting all these measures the government should encourage a habit of a moral, financial and personal sense of responsibility. In that way, all the costs, concerns, and worries will be left for only those who are actually obese. While respecting Balko’s viewpoints let us examine Brownell and Nestle’s (2004) viewpoints who believe that obesity is a public issue. Brownell and Nestle put the blame on the food industry for promoting unhealthy habits among children. The food industry attracts children towards unhealthy food through ads on TV and hoardings. At the same time, its budget is a lot higher than the budget spent on healthy nutrition education by the government. If the government spends $2 million, Mcdonald’s spends $
AMEX was not spared by the effects of the global economic credit crunch of 2007 and 2008. Although the change in management occurred in 2001 the effects of the crisis were relatively adverse for every company operating in more than one country and dealing in the credit card and travel services. The current CEO Kenneth Chenault was optimistic that although the losses were inevitable, he ensured that precaution was being taken as the crisis persisted. His position as former Chairman gave him a better understanding of the operations and challenge like higher customer defaults that AMEX faced. According to Maxwell (2005) leading down involves a number of technical decisions such as downsizing. However necessary the decision might be, the act of firing employees cannot be justified; a sacrifice would be the right term. A sacrifice in such a case is associated with the benefit that is anticipated. For instance a job of 4000 employees would be equated to a profit of $175 million returns. Further, reduction in the marketing and business development areas would raise the savings by $500; which is lucrative to the shareholders and the future of company. Although the two sections have been the most invested in sectors by AMEX, the decision to reduce the number of employees was an important decision. Consequently, the company’s change from charge-card business to offering credit to all customers was a decision made when there was a boom in the operations of AMEX. Therefore, the losses incurred would require additional finding without which its operation would be affected. Similarly, the option of writing off 8.5% of its loans acts as a strategy by the CEO to portray stability of the company’s operations. This ability to transmit a vision downwards in the various levels of the company affects th
70’s Fashion as a Freedom of Choice Fashion is a reflection of the decade. There is no doubt that it is possible to see the most important aspects of the historical time in the clothing that people wore. The 70’s fashion was bright, colorful and funky, definitely a celebration of peace and freedom that came after the decade of war and chaos. Furthermore, the fashion changed even in the 10-year period, from the loud flared trousers and fringed tops to suits worn with peasant blouses. With this said, the 70’s fashion was not a fashion, it was the freedom of choice. People started wearing what they liked, even if it was different from the ‘expected’ norm. Thus, the 70’s era was the bright era of freedom of choice in fashion. History of 70’s fashion and influences The fashion industry of the 70’s went through an experimental phase, as the times of the psychedelic styles inherent to the 60’s were completely over. By the early 70’s, a large bulk of the hippie style was transferred to the mainstream society. However, with the end of the Vietnam War, the public and the media lost interest in the hippie style in the middle of the decade, and began to lean toward the mod subculture (Kass 24). The history of the 70’s fashion is also characterized by the appearance of punk and skinhead styles. The decade of the 70’s was full of happiness, as the Vietnam War was over, and the society wanted to celebrate. Thus, the disco parties became a crucial part of the culture at that time. Disco fashion was the most prevalent toward the end of the 70’s, but it remained the most popular and the most memorable style of the decade (Kass 25). The 70’s decade was the era of the fashion choice. Before, the public was strictly following the rules stated by the designers, while in the 70’s designers began to follow what the public wanted. Designer Oscar de la Renta described the 70’s fashion the following way: “Today, there is no fashion, really. There are just choices. Women dress today to reveal their personalities. They used to reveal the designer’s personality. Until the 70’s, women listened to designers. Now women want to do it their own way” (Granger 151). Nevertheless, there was one designer that managed to capture the hearts of the public, and she is Diane Von Furstenberg. In 1972, she created an explosion in the fashion world with her simple fashion slogan: “Feel like a woman. Wear a dress” (Granger 151). By the end of the decade, she had managed to sell millions of her famous wrap dresses made from a soft jersey fabric
Multicultural Teams: Critical Team Processes and Guidelines With globalization, diverse cultures are brought together in the workplace making it necessary for business managers to come up with strategies for the effective functioning of multicultural teams. Three process variables are the foundation of effective teamwork in a multicultural team, negotiation, communication and supporting behavior (Brett, 2010). The critical components that drive effectiveness in multicultural teams fall into process components and emergent states. The effective functioning of multicultural teams is driven by critical processes and critical emerging states. Engaging in leadership and creating and maintaining coherence is the first critical process. In multicultural teams good leadership provides the direction the group will take, keeping it coordinated and promoting a hybrid culture as they encourage cooperative conflict management strategies whenever there is a crisis between members (Lundby & Jolton, 2010). The next critical process should ensure that there is clear and meaningful communication between the multicultural team members. In a multicultural team, communication can be hindered by different languages or dialects and even the structure of communication. These challenges need to be addressed. Engaging in supportive behaviors to maximize team synergy is another critical process whereby the team members should support one another as they correct each other’s mistakes. Multicultural teams should engage in negotiations to find a common ground. This is critical considering that the team members come from diverse cultural backgrounds resulting in diverse believes and ways of reasoning. The team members should therefore negotiate to come into a common agreement. Critical emergent states for the effective functioning of multicultural teams include creating a psychological safety, where there is mutual respect and trust which will help to facilitate interaction between the members (Battista & DiLoreto, 2010). There should also be compatible cognitive structures that will assist in coordination. This should also include introducing ways to deal with emotional conflicts, which are brought about by interpretive barriers. Trends In Global HR Management And Their Implications Four stages have been used to define globalization, multinational, international, transiting to global and global. HR will be involved in global business activities while dealing with suppliers and foreign employees. The HR professionals will need therefore to learn the global economic market and the international labor laws as they combine the needs of the whole organization and those of the local country (Cesyniene, 2005). As a result of these changes, the role of the HR professionals has changed from the former administrative function to strategic business partner working closely with the line managers. The modern HR professional has to adapt to being both tactical as well as strategic. The framework for selecting developing and retaining employees in an organization should be consistent for the whole organization regardless of the location. The capabilities
Introduction to Kurosawa’s style Yojimbo is set in a small town seemingly isolated from the rest of the world, a small stage on which a drama unfolds as seen through the eyes of a ronin who calls himself Sanjuro, played by Toshiro Mifune. Kurosawa’s style is evident from the first frame as the camera stays close to Sanjuro’s back as he walks toward the arena, the music both ominous and jaded. When he reaches the town, windows open, gangsters and geishas peer out, and by now the audience knows more or less what is to follow. The opening sequence establishes the plot and the ending even as it creates suspense and anticipation. In Sanjuro, the same character is asleep in a temple when he overhears a school of samurai discussing an event in their town. Again, the plot is quickly outlined, lines are drawn and the contrast between the ronin and the young samurais is established. Kurosawa as a master storyteller The story of Yojimbo has been described as “the apocalypse of the business class, the incarnation of every traditionalist’s most fervent dream, its drama of samurai against the merchant, its portrayal of a world rent by greed, controlled by thugs, but brought down by Sanjuro’s sword, constructs a fable about the end of capitalism” (Price 223). It is a revenge fantasy against a dehumanized world, a tale so effectively told that within the first few minutes the viewer has aligned himself with Sanjuro. Yet it is more than that. Yojimbo is a greatly entertaining film that is also instructive; that is, its script is rooted in social significance even though that aspect is not immediately obvious. As Donald Ritchie says, “Kurosawa is a moralist; like all stylists, he manages to hide that fact supremely well” (240). One of Kurosawa’s characteristics, then, is that he is a master storyteller. That is also evident in Sanjuro where the theme is appearance and reality. Much of the action takes place in lush, sunlit gardens and rockeries where birds sing and a brook babbles among blossoming trees. It is sunny and peaceful. The town is richer, the characters are better dressed than in Yojimbo. The theme of the film is that people should not be fooled by appearances. Sanjuro’s slovenly dress, like the kidnapped Chamberlain’s horse face, says nothing about his character, a lesson the young samurai learn the hard way. Also, behind closed doors on those sunny, peaceful days, contrary to appearances men are making plans to corrupt the entire community. A psychodrama in both films Another characteristic is the psychodrama the main characters undergoes in the course of the film. Yojimbo is set in a transitional period when the sword is being replaced by the gun, materialism is becoming the sole creed and criminals seem to be taking over society. The ronin, in a time when the middle-class has filled the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Togukawa dynasty, is an anachronism even to himself. The film centers on the clash between the old culture and the new. Sanjuro represents the old. He was once a great samurai who trained himself in the bushido
Great emperors and rulers of the past influenced the social order of the modern life drastically. Jasaw Chan K’awiil I and Qin Shi Huang are the great historical personalities of two different civilizations. Chan K’awiil was the king of the Mayan Civilization while the latter was the first Emperor of China. The tombs of both leaders are masterpieces that exemplify the immortalization of their power as well as the belief that a new life begins in the other world. The Tomb of Emperor Qin and the Temple of the Great Jaguar represent unrelated ancient cultures that have a common purpose — to perpetuate the grandeur of their rulers and to ensure their blissful lives after death. The detection of the Qin Emperor’s Terracotta Army is one of the most prominent events in the archeology and history of the 20 th century. Qin, also known as Shihuangdi, was the first ruler who managed to end the continuous conflicts between lords. Qin gathered the army, defeated all of them, and declared himself the Emperor of China in 221 BC. There is no exact answer concerning the primary reason for building the Terracotta Army. It is significant to examine the epoch to find the motives of the Emperor. Qin began his reign with major reforms. He centralized the State and united the country. The Emperor adhered to the Legalist policy, improved the educational level of the population and promoted the trade. At the same time, Qin Shihuangdi was a tyrannical and despotic leader. He had a lot of enemies and was afraid of death. Thus, the Emperor decided to achieve immortality by any possible means. His paranoia became an impulse for building the Terracotta Army (Wolff 11). The excavation of the Temple of the Great Jaguar started in 1955. The reasons for building the Temple of the Great Jaguar were rather different. Jasaw Chan K’awiil I, known as Lord Sky God K, built the Temple I to glorify his success. He was the king of Tikal, the major center of the Maya Civilization. In 695 AD, Lord Sky God K defeated its opponent — Calakmul and made Tikal the prosperous and flourishing place (McKillop 62). The Temple of the Great Jaguar served not only funeral but religious purposes as well. Maya believed in the existence of Xibalba — the mystical world where the gods lived, and in the two twins who outwitted the gods and opened the entrance to Xibalba. Maya shared the idea that one could depart to Xibalba through the mouth of mountains. The temples embodied those mountains. Chinese people of that time believed that the soul divided into two constituents after death. The first part stayed with the body on Earth and the second moved to Heaven. The aim of the Qin Shihuangdi was to prepare himself for the eternal life. Thus, he wanted to reduplicate his residence. The Emperor wished all his warriors came with him, but instead of their extermination, he decided to make clay copies of them. More than half a million workers built the subterranean microcosm of the city in the enormous mound with the height of 75 meters. The tomb comprises an immense number of pits with terracotta soldiers and horses. All figures are life-sized. There
Introduction Historically, the two critical titles (sections) of the 1964 Act of Civil Rights were passed embracing commerce’s power. One section bans discrimination on race in different public accommodation places, including hotels and restaurants, and generally advocates individual freedoms, rights, and liberties. The Civil Rights Act is applauded in the US for ending apartheid in workplaces and social places. Individuals were discriminated against based on national or sex origin, class, religion, color, and race. Contrary, the Commerce Clause refers to Article one, Section eight, and Clause three of the U.S. Constitution, allocating authorities to Congress to regulate Commerce between Indian tribes, foreign nations, and equally among the American States (Goldstein, 2004). The Commerce Clause addresses the ability to enter into a trade agreement and correspondingly the interstate trade barriers-related problems. Therefore, this study aims at understanding the actual relationship between Civil Rights laws and the Commerce Clause. Main body As mentioned above, the 1964 Civil Rights Act directly relates to the Commerce Clause considering that the Act dictates equal opportunities to all people irrespective of their race or creed. The Commerce Clause gives Congress the authority to control regional Commerce. According to Ablavsky (2014), the enforcement of the Civil Rights Piece of 1964 depends primarily on the Commerce Clause. Parties in the commercial sector that do not strictly adhere to the Civil Rights Act are likely to face different and multiple consequences, including revoking their trading licenses by the Act. Katzenbach v. McClung’s case of 1964 gives an authentic glimpse of the relationship between the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the Commerce Clause. In this case, Mr. Ollie McClung was looking for a court order to bar the Civil Rights Act enforcement against Ollie’s Barbecue company. Arguably, the 1964 Act works together with the Commerce Clause in that it prevents discrimination in different recreational locations such as restaurants. Connectedly, the Trade Section gives Congress the authority to eradicate discrimination in different social gathering areas. The 1964 Civil Rights Act is related to the Commerce Clause, as it ensures that there is no interstate Business exploitation. Day and Weatherby (2015) shield under Article one, Section eight, and Clause three of the constitution to opine that the trade clause gives Congress the obligation to ensure fair transactions. According to Gibbons v. Ogden’s (1842) case declaration, Congress has powers and authority to control different industrial products’ prices. Reflectively, the Civil Rights Act aims at warranting safety against discrimination among all U.S. people regardless of their class, religion, and race. The aspect of Congress regulating prices between different states throughout the US indicates the existing relationship between the Act and the Commerce Clause. For instance, in Wickard v. Filburn’s case, the court decided on November 9, 1942, to penalize Filburn, a small farmer in the state, for harvesting twelve acres of wheat above his allotment under the 1938 Agricultural