ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The human body is made with high levels of immunity. There is soldier blood components that act to eradicate any kind of new infections that crops up in the body. These soldiers are known as white blood cells. Many diseases try to jeopardize the essential duty of the white blood cells. This document through the view of various authors intends to consider in-depth an infectious disease that causes the vulnerability of the human internal system. The paper will first look at the author’s details to ensure there is no room for bias information. This article is from a local magazine publication, which purposes to educate the young people in society about health issues. The author we shall lay focus on is Paul H. Douglas. He was an AIDS researcher who died at the age of thirty-seven. He worked at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center and resided in Manhattan. He was He died of AIDS. He graduated from Harvard University in the year 1981. Later he advanced to get two master’s degrees in the field of computer science in the years 1984 and 1985 from Columbia. While at Columbia he and Laura Pinsky founded the Gay Health Advocacy Project. According to New York Times (1995), the two wrote a pocket book with facts about AIDS in the year 1987. Five years later he was appointed as the associate for research at the AIDS clinical trials unit at the University of Cornell. These facts address the query of the author having the valid experience to make writings regarding the Disease, it is clear that he had first-hand experiences. AIDS is the acronym for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome while HIV is for Human immunodeficiency virus. The latter occurs prior to AIDS. According to Harding (199,6), AIDS leaves the human body prone to diseases that are usually ordinary and even cancerous attacks also. The virus behind the pandemic destroys and tampers with the immune system. There is no particular disease that can be described as AIDS because it houses many varied symptoms of other diseases. In the United States of America for example Pneumonia is the major killer among AIDS victims. According to Fowler (1997), there are many ways of acquiring the disease namely: sexual intercour
In the first phase, Nucleon undertook to build a pilot facility to produce the Cell Regulating Protein 1 (CRP-1). It was noted that the company did not have immediate personnel to sustain the functionality of the facility, such as quality assurance, logistics and repairs. This is despite the fact that the company worked with scholars in the field that the facility would serve. The other risk was that if the clinical trial failed, the plant would not generate the other products immediately. This manufacturing facility was not yet ready to engage in most of the products (Roy 8). It is recommended that the company carries out a gap analysis on the goal, facility and implementation of its projects (International Facility Management Association 6). This will enable the company to plan for the possibilities of failed trials or technical mishaps in its projected functions. A gap analysis would reveal the capacity of Nucleon Inc. in terms of human resources and the means of developing on-job skills. The analysis will determine the difference between the actual potential of the company and its ideal potential (International Facility Management Association 6). It is also recommended that Nucleon determines the time that it would require to set up the facility, in addition to the time required to recruit and train the personnel of the designated responsibilities (International Facility Management Association 6). This would require working with the existing experts in a different facility and using strategic simulations. After all, the contract option would require a company with such expertise and personnel (Roy 9). In contraction, Nucleon should have a selective approach by agreeing with the potential contractor on the level of information disclosure. It should be recommended that for every level of information disclosure, the prospective contractor should make a corresponding commitment to the program (Kirk 202). It is also recommended that the company considers the limits within which it may engage in legal battles, in case of a breach of contract. The other costs may arise in form of monitoring and evaluation and transactional fees (Kirk 202). The third phase of the CRP-1 project would involve licensing the product to another company. Roy observes that Nucleon would have numerous benefits in form of money, reduced costs of production, and marketing (Roy 10). It is recommended that Nucleon should license the product to another company. This would allow the company to concentrate on strengthening its technology and thus, promoting innovation (Friedman 285). However, Nucleon Inc. must put in place measures to ensure that the licensed company operates within the agreement. Licensing would also allow the company to prepare for more complex and capital demanding projects. The pilot facility would cost Nucleon about $7.394 million and the estimated cost of the clinical
The impact of Ten Commandments has manifested in the contemporary lives of the American citizens especially in the legal system formation. The Ten Commandments have as well dictated the secular lives of the Americans since they have been incorporated in the legal framework of the American history. However, this has been criticized since it is attributed to the religious conflicts and marginalizing in the American society. The Ten Commandments are a summarily of human responsibilities. Man is capable of adopting moral codes, which are applied as laws sand are used to define what is acceptable and what is not. The society takes bleaching of such laws as being punishable. If they are based on religious foundation, they are regarded as sin. They help to have discernment between the good and evil. Historically, the Ten Commandments have been integrated in the American civil law; the first commandment has been included in the Virginia colony (1610), Massachusetts legal code (1641) and Connecticut law code (1642). On the command against idolatry, civil laws include the New Hampshire (1680). The third commandment on honoring Gods name, the civil law required to combat blasphemy apparent in Virginia law (1610), Connecticut law (1639, 1642), Massachusetts (1641), New Hampshire (1680), South Carolina (1695) and Pennsylvania (1682, 1700 & 1741). For the Sabbath, the American civil law segregated Sunday for worship e.g. in New York (1830), Pennsylvania (1682, 1705), Vermont (1787), Connecticut (1796), New Jersey, New Hampshire laws (1680), New Jersey (1798) and Virginia laws (1610). Sabbath laws are still in place in the contemporary American society (Barton pr. 14). The fifth commandment on honoring the parents, the legal system incorporated it in Connecticut law (1642), State codes, Louisiana appeals (1934) among others. In the criminal law, the sixth command , which forbid killing has dictated the criminal justice system in the U.S apparent in Connecticut laws (1642) and New Hampshire laws (1680) (Barton pr. 17). The murder laws have been traced to the Ten Commandments and have existed in the American society even to date. The seventh commandment, which forbid on committing adultery was included in Massachusetts law (1641), Connecticut (1642), Washington Supreme Court (1955), Pennsylvania (1705), among others. The eighth commandment that forbids stealing has seen laws regarding theft to be drafted e.g. supreme appeals Court in West Virginia (1904) and Court of California (1940). On the command of bearing false witness laws such as Connecticut law (1642), Massachusetts in 1641, Supreme Court of Mississippi (1988) were drafted. The last command, which forbid coveting, laws that have included the command are the California Supreme Court (1895- against defamation), Court of Appeals in West Virginia (1904-on election fraud), Or
As is well known from the history of humanity, military conflicts and wars are common phenomena that have taken place throughout global development. Nations become involved in wartime struggles due to a large number of geopolitical reasons. While some countries may take a defensive stand, others deliberately become engaged in military actions. The question arises: What mechanisms push individuals to fight in any war against other simple people like themselves? The often promoted idea of nationalism that increases patriotic sentiments during a time of conflict may play a substantial role in the development of wrong ideas regarding war and its purposes, and provoke division of the global community. Many artists and writers have used their skills to depict the horrors of war and demonstrate how it exploits people. For example, in Fires on the Plain , Shōhei Ōoka tells the story of a soldier, Tamura, who is ordered to leave the army because he is ill and is regarded as an unnecessary burden. The novel perfectly depicts the devastation that war causes—the continual struggle for life, hunger, enmity, and fear a person encounters every day during the war. Tamura and other soldiers, as well as the citizens of the Philippine island where the plot unfolds, are deprived of the most ordinary things. Even salt is regarded by them as a treasure: “They all crammed their hands into my haversack, pulled out fistfuls of salt and stuffed it in their mouths. As they chewed they mumbled their appreciation. I noticed that the eyes of the superior-private were filmed with tears” (Ōoka 126). Death and hardships continuously follow Tamura during his wandering across the lands that he had come to liberate as a member of the Imperial Japanese Army. Yet even as a reader reaches the final pages in the novel, he/she is not given a certain answer for why Tamura and others needed to suffer. However, an obvious answer is implicit in the novel—Tamura is deceived, and the whole nation is deluded. A good example of exalting national and political values over individual well-being is given in “
Introduction History of Health, safety security & environment management Health and safety management is a relatively young phenomenon established out of the industrial revolution. During this time, the industry went from hand production to more complex production methodologies such as heavy machineries, chemical manufacturing among others. Notably, there were no efforts made to improve neither environmental issues nor implement health and safety standards for the existing workforce. The expanding economy during this historical period required a huge workforce; this resulted to harsh working environments since there were no regulations to protect the workforce. After some major incidents like the Monongah Mine disaster in the US 1907, the federal government developed some agencies to improve labour safety, which were under the department of labour (“Mining Disasters”). However, it took almost another 60 years until Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was created in the US. In Europe things where developed earlier. The Institute of Occupational Safety and Health was created 1945. It was developed to create professional standards and give advice on health and safety issues. Health and Safety ensures that workers are protected at their workplaces thus preventing harm and accidents. Some activities like mining and loading of ships and fishing boats are risky adventures that require adequate protection. Others are steel, chemical, and loading industries; the emissions from the chemical industries are extremely harmful and can lead to loss of lives. In addition, cement firms can cause asthmatic conditions to employees. Therefore, employers should ensure that the safety of their workers is paramount by following all the provisions of OHS acts (“Occupational health & safety” par. 7). The OHS act upholds high level of mental and physical well-being of workers when at the workstations. In addition, there are psychological and social issues such as bullying, work-related stress, sexual harassment, and burnouts. These situations lead to stressful life; it becomes dominant when the management postpones decision-making activities. Employees who are tasked with decision-making should ensure that they do it within the shortest time possible. This will help to avoid procrastination in decision-making. HSSE background information Globalization over the past decade has intensified over the past decade and many organizations are spread across the globe. This went hand in hand with the development of new information and telecommunication technologies that has changed how the society
Introduction A hacking attack is a set of actions to find insecurities in digital systems, such as computers, smartphones, tablets, or even entire computer networks. It should be noted that hackers do not always engage in harmful activities. Today, however, the term ‘hacking’ is generally used in the context of illegal behavior. Hackers are cybercriminals who try to obtain financial gain, protest, gather certain information (i.e., engage in cyber espionage), or want to have entertainment. Black Hats A Black Hat hacker is a personality who tries to find disruptions in computer security and applies them for personal and monetary profit or other malicious reasons. This differs from white hat hackers – security specialists who use vicious methods to find security flaws that Black Hat attackers can exploit (Kempen, 2020). Black crackers can cause major destruction to both private network users and great institutions by taking private business reports, hazarding the protection of major operations, or sealing down or modifying the capacity of websites and systems. Hackers engaged in blackhat activities can range from teenage adventurers expanding network viruses to networks of offenders who steal account card numbers and other valuable securities data. Black Hat hacker activities include infusing keystroke monitoring software to steal data and beginning attacks to disable access to Web sites. Attackers sometimes use non-computer methods to gain data, such as calls and identities, to collect a user’s password. Black Hat workers have their own conventions, among which the two better known are DEFCON and BlackHat (Kempen, 2020). Conventions on dark hats are often attended by security professionals and academics who want to know how to hack from Black Hats. White Hats White Hats, who are also called ethical or good hackers, are the opposite of Black ones. Their main aim is to identify security flaws in computer systems and networks and make recommendations for enhancement. White Hats apply their knowledge and experience to defend organizations from dangerous attacks. Sometimes they may be full-time employees or contractors working for a company as security specialists whose job is to find system imperfections. Their work is one of the reasons why large organizations tend to have fewer downtime and website queries. Most hackers know that infiltrating systems run by large companies is more laborious than those operated by small businesses, which probably do not have the resources to look for possible safety vulnerabilities (Martin, 2017). The ethical hacker group includes penetration testers who specialize in finding problems and assessing risks in operations. White Hats apply the same hacking techniques as Bla
Introduction This is an accurate critique of the strong and weak points in the original instructions provided on how to cook Crawfish. Also included is the revised set of instructions that improve on the weak points and builds on the stronger ones of the original instructions. Strong points   * The title of the original instructions promise what the instructions deliver   * Users are in a position to understand what to do since the instructions are given in an organized manner   * The original instruction’s introduction is adequate without being excessive and these instructions follow the exact required sequence of steps. This will allow the user to easily do what is expected in the procedure   * Everything included in the original instructions is accurate having all needless information being omitted.   * The steps given are short, precise and to the point making it easy to understand and follow.   * The familiar material, which in this case is the Crawfish, appears first in each sentence, thus enabling the users to keep track of what is required   * The heading of the original instructions clearly tell the reader/users what to expect Weak Points   * No definitions of the steps are given as needed   * The visuals used are not adequate enough if they are to be used in the clarification of steps. If a user does not understand a certain step, he/she would have no visual to guide him/her on what is expected   * The original instructions do not contain any cautions or warnings before or with the steps   * It is hard for the users to follow the ingredients required since they have not been written in an organized manner but in an essay form. This would make the users take a lot of time in trying to read the ingredients   * Not all the steps provided are in the active voice though they are in the imperative mood. The steps are written in a dictatorship, non-interactive manner and to some users, this might appear a little boring   * There is only one visual, which is set below the heading of the original instructions. In such cases, numerous visuals are required to enable the users to follow the steps provided A revised set of instructions How to Cook Crawfish Nothing sounds more interesting than to sit back, relax and enjoy a wonderful traditional Crawfish dish seasoned to taste. Crawfish are freshwater crustaceans having flavor and texture similar to that of shrimps. Preparing live Crawfish yields the best results although frozen or blanched crawfish may also be used. Drinks are a preferable accompaniment for this delicacy, which is best enjoyed outdoors. The following Dish will serve approximately 4 people. Difficulty: Easy Ingredients Needed   * 10 lbs. live Crawfish, large
Introduction The study confirmed my expectations because the recruitment process for hiring English language teachers is not based on competence, but on the ground that one is a native English speaker. The professional experience, academic qualifications, and whether one is native or nonnative should be considered to give equal chances to all the applicants to work as English language teachers. The recruitment and selection of native speakers as English language teachers have proved most of the native speakers to be incompetent as compared to nonnative speakers. The practice is simply based on the discriminatory perceptions that natives of the English language are competent to teach the language. Main Body Certainly, the study could have yielded results that show that non-native and native speakers are not equally competent to teach the English language in the schools. A persistent perception among many people is that a native speaker is always perfect in teaching the mother tongue one speaks. The perceptions are untrue because most research findings show a gap in the use of English to teach. The true position is that all speakers have the academic and professional qualifications and experience to teach their native language. The methodology was not suitable for the study because the listening element could certainly create the bias in the minds of the respondent about the ethnicity of the speaker that could affect their judgment about the competence of the speaker to make them award marks according to the attitude they developed at the start of the exercise and not according to the speaker’s competence. While other elements such as questionnaires in the methodology section were properly applied in the study, the speaking element could tip the balance in favor of the native speakers. If the speaking tool was removed from collecting the data to inform the study, the rest of the methodology could yield different and reliable results. No, it could be a true premise to assume that some English teachers are employed because of the demand by the customers. It can be acknowledged from the study that customers have a perception that native speakers can make more competent teachers of the English language than nonnative speakers. However, a fact such as the incompetence in the classroom proves that position to be incorrect. I see myself as a nonnative English speaking teacher who can deliver English language lessons competently because of my professional and academic qualifications. However, the study has informed my position as a nonnative English speaking teacher to work harder to improve my proficiency in English because to be born a native speaker or a nonnative speaker does not qualify one to be perfect in English, b
Introduction The Quran is the main book of reference to Allah and his teachings among the Muslims. It is remarkably influential among Muslims and non-Muslims. It is also an impressive piece of literature that utilizes the Arabic language (Allen, 2000). It has several interconnected verses (ayat), which bring out 114 chapters (suras). The chapters have different lengths and are classified into Meccan and Medinan. These are the places where Mohammed got his visions from Allah. Various sources say that the Quran’s composition dates back to a period between 609 CE and 632 CE (Wansbrough, 1977). This paper is a reflection on some of styles and key ideas that make the Quran unique. The Concept of I’jaz Al-Qur’an and its Superiority in Terms of Style and Content Ijaz refers to the inimitability of the Quran. The term signifies that something is inherently impossible. Ijaz highlights the uniqueness of the Quran and one’s inability of imitating it. In order to understand the uniqueness and inimitability of the Quran, one must understand the scripture as a piece of literature. The Quran has gained acceptance among Muslims and non-Muslims because of its content and style (Shorroch, 1988). There are certain features, which show the uniqueness of the Quran. For example, Fawaatih us suwar (Al huroof al muqatta’a) implying mysterious letters, represents such exceptional features. Many of the surahs of the Quran start with letters that had not been witnessed before in the Arabic literature and language. For instance, the words alif lam meem in Surat al baqara. Many authors and some Muslims have tried to explain the terms in the Quran in broad terms, all in vain. There are allegations by many Muslims that only Allah knows the meaning of these words. Grammatical shift (iltifaat) also makes up the inimitability of the Quran (Yusuf, 1989). The Main Stylistic Features of the Qur’an This refers to the arrangement of texts in a way that brings out the intended meaning of something. Roger (2000) asserts that the Quran’s author utilized a mixture of poetry and prose. Indeed, the two styles are used in a way that connects each surah and verse to another. The main features include; prose which employs rhythm and rhyme, variations in styles, stylistic distinction, alliteration, assonance, metaphors, hyperbole, rhetorical questions, stress and synecdoche. Saj or prose This is a style which employs both rhythm and rhyme. The rhythm is not consistent. Saj used in the Quran has an accent-based rhythm, use of rhyme at the end of words and continuous usage of rhetorical phrases and questions. Rhythm is whereby there is a recurrence of words or statements. The author utilized this style in the Meccan suras. In these suras, it is characterized by tendencies of mono rhymes and inexact rhymes as seen in the following phrases; Inna aAtayna kal kawthar Fasalli li rabbika wanhar Inna shani-aka huwal abtar The other features include alliteration or repeating the first sounds of neighboring words as used in Quran 33:71 and 77:20. Assonance is a case where an author repeats the vowel sounds. It