ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Hazard vulnerability analysis is seen as a way of focusing attention to those hazards that have higher probabilities of occurring and likely to have significant impacts surrounding community (Klein 2010). This document undergoes a review annually and thus, the HVA document serves as an assessment for the emergency management program. The 9-11 attack on America proved that the probabilities stated in a Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis are not reliable. The fact that united states have never experienced such a disaster in their history proves this. Most preceding major attack was the Pearl-Harbor attack but it was by a major power in contrast with the 9-11 attack, which was by an insignificant group of people. The Al Qaeda in Afghanistan had been of concern to the United States’ government but the CIA was not able to tame their terrorism activities that concerned people worldwide. Therefore, the aim became to capture the leader of the group Osama Bin Laden (Summer 2009). The capture of Osama bin Laden however was after the 9-11 attacks. The attacks left the United States in a devastated condition (Summer 2009). The 1998 bombings had however indicated of a possible second attack but the calculations of the defence system did not predict that the attacks would be that soon. The 1998 embassy bombings provided a chance for the total examination of national security threat that Osama had posed. Apparently, no major policy agencies of the government ever met the threat as the attack caught the government unawares. Al Qaeda and the terrorism issue were just but another priority added to the already packed agendas with countries such as Saudi Arabia. The 9-11attack changed this perception as it came as a wake up call to the defence department (Bill 2010). Several factors may have pre-empted the occurrence of the 9-11disaster (Bill 2010). Before the 9-11 attacks, the defence department never had the mandate to end the sanctuary of the Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. This would have been a major step in obstructing their terrorism activities. Indeed it was unimaginable for the US government to see themselves invade Afghanistan before the New York and Washington terror attacks. Formal interagency deliberation as well, would have helped to obstruct the 9-11 attack. In addition, less significant forms of intervention would have been of consideration. Per se, the government should have considered deployment of the U.S military personnel or any other special strike forces to Afghanistan. This would mean that the U.S Government no longer had to be dependent on gathering actionable intelligence. However, this meant that it had to secure a foundation and support from the neighbouring countries (Synder 2011). Washington Military Department’s Emergency Management Division (EMD) aims to minimize the impact of emergencies and disasters on people, environment, economy, as well as property of Washington State (Synder 2011). It provides research and information on the hazards to which the state is vulnerable. This movement initially came into existence to help the state respond and recov
Bio: I am interested in how people choose new media to express themselves and oriented to creating a personal blog to discuss ideas that influence the modern society. Project description: My project is developed to represent how the Radiohead music can influence the people’s visions, ideas, perceptions, and goals. The audience members are expected to submit their favorite words from Radiohead’s songs, their interpretations, ideas, and impressions as well as photos under the project topics or under the Contribute Section. All the submitted texts are presented in separate sections, and recent submissions are grouped into clouds to demonstrate the recent understanding of the topic or an issue according to the users’ submissions. Project goals: The project’s goal is to help people understand that many people all round the world suffer from the same problems caused by the frequent changes in the reality. These problems are reflected in Radiohead’s songs, and they include alienation, fear, disorientation, isolation, anxiety, powerlessness, loss of identity, and loss of spirituality. Sharing personal visions of these problems discussed with the help of music is the first step to finding the solution and adapting to the changes. The project demonstrates how people can share their inner ideas on favorite and important songs and receive the understanding while promoting the Radiohead music. Interactive component: The audience members can engage creatively with the project while submitting their favorite words from Radiohead’s songs, their texts presenting interpretations, ideas, and impressions which can be accompanied with photos. The materials are posted under the project topics or under the Contribute Section. Audience: The project is developed for fans of Radiohead and people inspired by the band’s songs. The audience members are females and males from different social backgrounds and countries. The audience’s age is 18-50 years. Inspiration: The Radiohead Project is inspired by the Johnny Cash Project and its approach to organizing the audience members’ contribution. The project is also inspired by many posts on forum pages which describe the listeners’ emotions and experiences associated with Radiohead’s songs. About The Radiohead Project is a collaborative text-focused art project with the help of which you can share your vision of the Radiohead music and its impact on your life. Radiohead was formed in 1985 and its debut single “Creep” made a kind of revolution in 1992 and following years while demonstrating how a person’s feelings and emotions can influence his life. Lyrics of th
The word tunic has been derived from the word ‘tunica’ (Latin), meaning an enclosing membrane of body tissue. From the period of ancient Greeks and Romans up to the medieval times, tunics have probably been the most common dress worn by all classes of men; slaves as well as the nobles, and all other people from different occupations. The simplest kind of tunic was readied by sewing two pieces of cloth, making a tube; holes were kept for the arms. The medieval tunic resembled a T-shirt and was worn by men and women alike. The medieval tunics were made from a varied range of fabrics, depending on the status of the people wearing them. Even different forms of tunics were made for people of different status. The medieval tunics usually had sleeves and were cut to different lengths. Male tunics reached crotch and thigh in length; older men wore knee-length tunics (Diehl & Donnelly, 2011). The medieval tunic could be worn plain and/or tightened at the waist with a belt. The belt also served the purpose of a purse. The Romans wore tunics under their toga (a single piece gown). Woollen tunics were worn during the winter seasons. From all these facts about medieval tunics, it may be concluded that they were really versatile. The medieval tunics were made in different forms and the fabrics used in tailoring were also different (Netherton & Owen-Crocker, 2012). The tunic was basically a significance of status and title. The women wore tunics that stretched up to the ankle. Such tunics were called ‘Tunica Talaris’. The word ‘talaris’ is a derivative of the Latin word ‘talus’, which means an ankle. Another form of the tunic was the ‘Tunica Pulla’. It was a black or any other dark coloured tunic that was put on as a symbol of mourning. Yet another form of medieval tunic was the ‘Tunica Recta’. The word ‘recta’ means straight. This particular tunic was worn in the medieval period by the girls during their marriages and by the boys when they were supposed to have matured. Then there was the ‘Tunica Augusticlavia’ which was worn by the Roman magistrates. ‘Tunica Laticlavia’ was worn by the Roman senators. This form of tunic had a broad band on it that was easily recognizable from a distance. Lastly, the Roman emperors wore a special tunic called the ‘Ornamenta Triumphalia’. The ‘Ornamenta Triumphalia’ comprised of the ‘Tunica Palmata’ and the ‘Toga Picta’. This was the official dress of the Roman emperors. The ‘Tunica Palmata’ was heavily adorned by leaf embroidery made from gold thread. All the edges (like the neck-line, wrist ends, and the bottom edge) of this tunic had a rich and colourful border. The different ranks of office bearers were distinguished by the ‘Latus Clavus’. The office bearers of the Roman Empire wore tunics that had a particular number of bands sewn on them. The quantity of bands signified the rank of the wearer and the ‘Roman Sumptuary Laws’ governed this quantity. Even the width of
Introduction The collection of stories Ladies and Gentlemen, To the Gas Chamber by T. Borowski and Heartease New England 1987 by L. Goodison depict human relations and the role of responsibility in life of people. The authors use unique examples and vivid images to depict that an accidental demise, dealt blindly, often by unseen forces miles above or away from the soldier whose life was endangered, rendered death more probably ironic than heroic. In fact, for the common person the technology facet of the formless war posed unprecedented problems of explanation. Ethical considerations aside, the immediate consequence of such blind destructive capacity was to make the environment appear completely lethal. Thesis Borowski and Goodison describe that hardship and personal grievances often lead to lack of moral responsibility in the face of human sufferings. Main body Borowski depicts the life if a concentration camp and lack of morality among soldiers and prisoners. It often seemed as if all the forces of man and nature had conspired to take the life in the bush. Upon hearing the sound of an unmistakably artillery shell land nearby, a soldier expressed a perception common in the war zone: Rather, death is viewed simply as the cessation of biological viability, the result of mishap. By focusing attention on the story conditions, readers have tried to demonstrate how the war’s formlessness fueled the de-objectivation of meanings. The confounding of cognitive structures for explaining war forced the Henri and a deputy Kapo. The poem Heartease New England 1987 underlines that moral responsibility is important for every person as it allows to perceive and understand the world around us. The fundamental task of any society, even (or perhaps especially) during war, is to furnish order, to provide forms for experience. Such order provides meaning without which members of a society are overwhelmed in their ongoing encounter with the world. Order is integral to every society, and all social institutions are geared to the maintenance of social forms. This fact is especially apparent if we consider the most basic social institution out of which all others flourish: language. Language provides the fundamental assortment of categories under which to subsume experience. The author questions: “What is my mission” Speak, leaves / for all journeys have hidden missions” (Goodison). A recognition of this feature of man’s nature may give us some intellectual leverage for grasping adequately the full impact which the formless war had on those who experienced it. For if the imposition of recognizable form is universally necessary for human social life, then the desuetude of form is terrifying. In sum, the authors portray that hardship and lack of stability lead to low moral values and lack of responsibility among people. This obsession with survival as the biological issues of meaning is precisely what the authors come to comprehend and endorse. The meanings carried over from those works are progressively stripped of plausibility by the daily activities in which people are engaged during difficult times. Such
Recently, there have been qualms over the spread of Avian Flu among the local nationals in Okiwan. Avian Flu is a communicable disease that is commonly associated with birds, though it frequently develops other strains that human beings are not immune to(Capua et al., 2002; Lin et al., 2000; Stegeman et al., 2004; Tweed et al, 2004). So far, 238 cases of human infection by H5N1 have been established in 10 countries, with the largest numbers of infection being found in Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam (Fouchier et al., 2004, Li et al., 2004; Peiris et al., 1999; Tran et al., 2004; Ungchusak, 2005; Yuen et al., 1998). More than half of the established human cases have resulted to death of infected persons (Kurtz et al., 1996; Puzelliet al., 2005; Webster et al., 1981). The military officials have been identified as a group that is highly at risk of contacting the virus. Thus, a review of the steps that the local and military officials are taking in preventing avian flu is essential. So as to discuss this topic, I shall discuss; the issues that should be addressed in emergency management by use of examples; the steps that the local and military officials in Okiwan are taking; and make a conclusion that summarizes the key points discussed. I shall also give a final statement of opinion in the conclusion part. There are three issues that must be considered while planning emergency management. These include: preparedness and communication; surveillance and detection; and response and containment (Liem & Lim, 2005) Issue #1: Preparedness and Communication This should entail:   * Planning for the virulent disease.   * Communicating duties and roles.   * Making and storing antiviral drugs, vaccines and other medical tools.   * Instituting distribution tactics for antiviral drugs and vaccines   * Promoting technological knowledge together with developing countermeasures. All government ranks, divisions of society and persons should be well set and there duties communicated. Issue #2: Surveillance and Detection This is done through the national and international organizations that offer progressive situational alertness with the aim of giving the earliest possible warning signs of disease outbreak, so as to guard the residents (Koopmans, 2004). These organizations do the following:   * Ensure fast disclosure of outbreaks and global transparence.   * Make use of surveillance in controlling the
Introduction The report is a critical evaluation of the United States of America hotel industry. To accomplish this, there will be need to critically evaluate the extent to which strategic HRM can help organisations face the challenges of the future; under this section both external and internal environment of the industry will be evaluated. The associated challenges anticipated in future by the industry and how best strategic human resource management can help the industry address these challenges are also of interest in this report. The second section entails application of SHRM to such activities such as human resource planning and flexibility of labour, strategic recruitment and retention strategies, employee development, knowledge management and succession planning, performance management, employment relationships and employee involvement, motivation and reward strategies all aimed at linking the concept of SHRM to support U.S.A hotels attain their plans and objectives. The third section revolves around the issue relating to change. It is worth noting that change in any industry is inevitable and for that matter this report will not only define change but also give an overview of the same and more importantly develop justified strategies to managing change as well as coming up with recommendation on the same. Industry overview It is no doubt that hotel industry in the United States generates billions of revenue as well as providing millions of job opportunities both directly and indirectly. Records show that the industry is third behind automotive and food sores respectively (Becker & Huselid, 2001). The revenue generated by full service hotels of which are the largest section of lodging industry is about $80 billion annually. Interestingly in the year 2005 only there was selling of hotel with approximately $22 billion. It will be rational for the paper to bring out clearly examples of hotels that provide full service and include; Marriot, Hilton, Hyatt as well as Starwood. All these except Hyatt are owners of majority of the hotel brands in the country. In terms of employment, the hotel industry in the U.S has provided job opportunities to about 1.3 million people. Out of the total, a half works in full service hotels (Johnson & Scholes, 2002). A closer examination of the workforce will definitely leave on with the impression that indeed it is diverse in terms of age, cultural background, sex, gender among others. It is worth noting that hotels located in the city centres offer employment to the urban populace. Approximately, the industry provides 8.0% employment opportunity nationally. The major issues facing the industry include the following; image and outreach, recruitment and retention as well as training and skills need. For instance, the industry faces higher risks regarding employees’ turnover attributed to the fact that the industry is growing very first and the need for highly skilled employees is so high. Nonetheless, the industry has a lot of opportunities parti
Introduction The rate of occurrence for natural and human-made disasters has exponentially increased over the last two decades, affecting millions of people and global businesses. It is estimated that the global economic impact of natural disasters could reach $335 annually by the year 2030 (Langham Logistics, 2017). The significant impact of disasters and following large-scale relief operations have highlighted the need for effective disaster preparedness regarding humanitarian and non-profit logistics. While the trend for disaster occurrence demonstrates upward growth, there has not been a commensurate response for adequate preparation. A major concept is the supply chain response in case of natural disasters that must coordinate extensive operations and inventories over many locations, organizations, and stages of response. The increased level of uncertainty and adverse environments creates key challenges for supply chain management in humanitarian relief operations which must consider a variety of risks when organizing the distribution of aid and inventory to affected areas. This report will investigate the complex process of humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. Background A natural disaster is any adverse event from natural forces that results in damage, casualties, and disruption of normal life and functioning of society. Disasters cause a combination of physical, social, economic, and cultural impacts with high levels of life and property loss. A disaster occurs when a community is unable to adequately cope, respond, and adapt to the devastation, requiring external assistance. Disasters can be classified as either rapid onset events (storm or earthquake) or slow onset events (famine or epidemic). Rapid onset natural disasters are most dangerous and devastating due to the difficulty of preparing for them and requiring a rapid and highly flexible respon
Introduction With the current Trump administration, the office of the President of the United States has faced unprecedented challenges and criticisms. One of the most prominent commentaries held in media and public debate is the lack of preparation and competency that Donald Trump has to become a successful president. It poses an important question as to what defines an effective president considering that the position requires no professional qualifications, an answer found in history based on the 44 individuals which have graced the highest office both in dignity and disgrace. A successful president is defined by highly moral character, focus on policy which benefits the public, and the ability to face crises; aspects which define their legacy and long-term impact on history. Personal Characteristics The personal character of a U.S. President has tremendous importance in all aspects of the presidency and its position as an example in leadership and governance. While presidential ethics is an aspect of public politics, there is also a matter of representing values which are an indicator of the American democracy and Western freedoms. A president is expected to uphold a certain level of standards which honors the office. In order to govern efficiently and promote policy for the betterment of the country and its residents, a president must not only follow a specific political ideological agenda but rather display empathy, open-mindedness, integrity, and a number of qualities which would justify providing this individual with significant power and influence. Therefore, in a modern presidency, which differs significantly from the Constitutional times, accountability is key with more functional responsibility and the ability of the presidential power. As the federal government has expanded with new functions and legislative control, the presidential executive power, both explicit and implicit has increased as well. 1 Thus, there is a higher level of responsibility, intellect, and understanding of governance required by a modern leader. Moral leadership is a critical aspect of a successful presidency. The most iconic presidential figures the like of George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and others demonstrated significant virtue and moral character, particularly in times of crisis which went on to define the nation. That is the primary necessity of an ethical character because every president faces new and unanticipated crises during their time in office, ones that require strong decision-making consistent with the laws and values of the country. During a situation in progress, there may be a moral grey area which a president must be able to navigate without compromise. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact moral values required, nor are they going to be perfect in all situations. However, an effective president demonstrates a sense of personal virtue in a manner that does not compromise the moral status of the people and the office. 2 In comparison, a demagog
Introduction Easy Rider (1969), one of the great American road movies, portrays the lives of two bike riders who experience the land and the people of the American Southwest and South. The main theme of the movie as told by Peter Fonda, Dennis Hopper, and Terry Southern is the illustration of a search for freedom by the two heroes in the conventional and fraudulent land of America in the 1960s, marked by suspicion, narrow-mindedness, and hostility. The movie had a significant impact on me as it helped me identify the essential issues faced by the young generation of the period. The desolate and subdued tone of the movie, significantly, reflects the mood of the period which witnessed several disastrous events. Therefore, Easy Rider , one of the first films of its kind, reflects the collapse of the idealistic 60s and depicts various distressing situations of American youth. As commented by Tim Dirks, the movie “was a ritualistic experience and viewed (often repeatedly) by youthful audiences in the late 1960s as a reflection of their realistic hopes of liberation and fears of the Establishment.” (Dirks 2008). Therefore, the impact of Easy Rider on the American youth is undeniable and I was able to reflect on the major issues, societal landscapes, and tensions including the commun