ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper analyzes the article of McFall (2011) that explores the impact of sudden changes in wealth on the retirement plans of Americans. The results of the study indicate that the crisis-caused decrease in wealth encourages people to postpone their retirement. The article appears to be violating a number of academic writing rules, as described by Ann Johns (2011). Still, at the closer look, it becomes apparent that the key features of the article include clarity, transparency, avoidance of plagiarism, clear navigation, and appropriate usage of metadiscourse, which makes the described article consistent with the modern view of academic writing. The “vision of reality” of the author appears to correspond to the one that is maintained by the discipline of economics. The deviation of the article from the framework described by Johns (2011) stems from the fact that McFall (2011) does not find it necessary to be distanced from the study. Main Body The article by Brooke McFall (2011) is devoted to defining the impact that a crisis can have on retirement plans; the data used in the study describes the lives of Americans. With the help of the 2008 surveys, the author was able to estimate the relationship between the two phenomena. The author reports using the “sustainable consumption” metric as described by Purvi Sevak and proceeds to describe the calculations and the results that have been presented in the form of tables extensively. Discussing the results, the author points out that the study contributes to the understanding of the impact of the sudden changes in wealth on postponing retirement that, as expected, turned out to be tangible. The author also found out that the Americans who had pessimistic expectations concerning the crisis were more likely to postpone their retirement. Article Analysis: Key Features According to Johns (2011), discourse is used by communities to “to keep in touch with each other, carry on discussions, explore controversies, and advance their aims” (p. 503). To achieve these aims, particular features are expected to be exhibited by the works of every discourse member. The features that are expected from academic writing are going to be described in this paper, and their presence in the article of McFall (2011) is going to be evaluated. The primary requirement of academic texts is explicitness (Johns, 2011). This term incorporates qualities like transparency and clarity, objectiveness, and avoidance of ambiguity. To demonstrate this feature and its implementation in the article by McFall (2011), other, more particular features should be analyzed. Article Introduction The article is introduced with the discussion of the factors that have directed the author towards conducting the research. Then the author proceeds to describe the study, its aim
Introduction Jones boot maker is a retail store specialising in shoes and other related products. Shoes have been grouped into categories for sales and management purposes. The categories are men’s shoes, women’s shoes and children’s shoes. Other categories featured in the store are bags, product care items and product repair services. This paper will examine ranging and merchandising of men’s shoes at the store. This category was chosen because of certain unique characteristics. Men’s shoes exist in a variety of styles defined by customer preferences and the designers. Men’s shoes can be classified as modern lace, modern loafer, traditional loafer, casual, boat shoes, boots and sandals. This implies that the product range in this category is narrow. However, there are several brands retailing at different prices. This means the category has a great depth. Therefore, by focusing on this category, we can appreciate how goods that have a narrow range and a wide brand choice can be managed. It will also enable us to formulate specific recommendations that can be adopted by the retailer in order to improve sales. Findings and arguments The products included in the category satisfy various consumer needs. Certain products may also satisfy various needs depending on the consumer (Narasimhan, Neslin and Sen1996; Reinartz and Kumar 1999). Sandals, for instance, are mainly worn in the bathroom. But some customers may wear certain sandals in the house. Some designers provide certain sandals for certain unique situations. Generally, designers design products to suit the lifestyle of some buyers. Casual shoes are worn by customers during occasions that require casual wear. Sports shoes are primarily worn when taking part in sporting events o
Over the past few years, the number of students willing to receive education abroad has grown impressively (Lee, 2011), mostly because of the globalization process and the options that it opens in terms of high quality education perspectives (Foster 178). However, because of the lack of information, which the companies providing studying abroad provide to students (Salisbury, Paulsen and Pascarella 4), the latter are exposed to a range of threats, including financial concerns, problems related to academic life, cultural issues, etc. A closer look at the information provided by the majority of the companies specializing in student transfer and the related services will reveal that a range of essential data, especially the information concerning the financial aspects of studying in a foreign country, is underrepresented greatly. True, most companies provide a detailed overview of the existing financing options regarding the choice of the curriculum, the educational establishment, etc. Difficulties emerge, however, when it comes to identifying the costs for and the options regarding board and lodging, the rent for an apartment in the campus, the costs for the course materials, particularly, textbooks, etc. In a weird way, a range of companies prefer to omit the information specified, substituting it with the trivia that has little to no relation to the information that students may find actually important (Deacon 4). Apart from the financial issues in general and funding in particular, most organizations providing learners with a chance to become international students also skip such an essential piece of information about overseas studying as visa, their acquisition, their duration, and the additional documents that must be filed together with the visa for a student to be able to commence their studying in a foreign state (U.S. Department of State para. 2). For example, a range of companies offering students studying in the United States do not mention the fact that neither of the traditional types of visas, i.e., a nonimmigrant visa for a temporary residence or an immigrant visa for a permanent stay, can be accepted when filed by an exchange student – instead, a student visa must be provided (Kato and Sparber 2). In addition, the type of the student visa (either F-1 or M-1) depends on the type of educational establishment that a student enrolls in (U.S. Department of State para. 5), which most companies providing student exchange facilities prefer to omit for some reason (Kato and Sparber 4). The formal issues, though, are not the only reason for concern when it comes to the data skipped by the companies providing students with a change to study abroad; cultural issues are also often omitted (Kim and Okazaki 3). The language skills required for becoming a foreign exchange stude
Introduction I hope that every person gets a chance to read a book called Being There by Jerzy Kosinski. It is amazing how the author managed to create a person completely independent from the real life’s circumstances. Moreover, the main hero named Chauncey Gardiner is described as a person able to emerge from nowhere and rise up to the legatee of Wall Street tycoon. The book is absolutely clear and understandable for everybody. The author made it possible for the sentences to flow from one to the other unnoticeably. The message is deep enough to remain in your mind long after you have read the story or watched the movie of the same name by Hal Ashby. Since the purpose of this paper is to unveil the theme and the thesis Kosinski wanted to convey to the reader I am going to unearth the slightest details of the book’s and movie’s plot. After the book has been turned into a screenplay, a huge amount of people got wonderful chance to acquaint themselves with the classics of the twentieth century. Brief Synopsis of Being There So, the protagonist of the story Chauncey Gardiner is a gardener of the rich Old Man. The latter managed to keep Chauncey behind the gates of his house since he adopted Chauncey as a little boy. Unfortunately, our protagonist doesn’t acquire any education skills useful for this life and career perspective since he had been under the iron grip for too long. It is even possible o compare him with contemporary Robinson Crusoe living in his own small site not being aware that there is something else outside his place, something new and even worthier. Of course, the environment of our life, tenses, and pressures are a little too much for Chauncey, but he doesn’t know about it yet, though he is about to find out because the life’s challenges are unexpected. Ultimately, Chauncey gets out of his master’s ascendancy which brings him to completely new stage of his life. Just when the Old Man finally dies, the main hero is left all alone to do as he wishes. This is when the story develops in the most interesting way. It seems like the author is trying to show the dominance of fortune every person has, namely that the good events will certainly appear in your life no matter what, because there must be a balance of good and bad in one’s destiny. This is the reason the new stage of Chauncey’s life is implemented. Ultimately after he steps in the real life, though seen only on televi
Introduction The company, which deals with wine production, was established by Robert Mondavi in 1966. He held the role of chairman until his retire in 2001. The company has enjoyed market share in the wine industry as one of the global inventive producers and makers of smooth wine. The company has been categorized as a modern wine producer, and this has enabled it make millions from sales and stability in the market. This report evaluates the changing structure and situational analysis of the company based on the threats and growth strategy. Situational analysis of Robert Mondavi Company Production of modern wine is mainly involved with large, extensive vine yards and manufacture of various labels of premium wines. For instance, Robert Mondavi wine company was established in Napa valley on a hundred acre farm. This gave the company an added advantage to compete for the market in the wine industry since the old wine producers had small vineyards. To add on, another advantage of Robert Mondavi Company over small companies is based on technology. The establishment of a wine company on a large farm enables the management to invest in technology. For this reason, it is expensive for a small company to invest in technology when compared to large company. The company benefited from this investment since it significantly helped in production of quality products and enabled the reduction in costs of production. Use of machines in harvesting of grapes enhanced the company’s wine production hence consistency and stable market share. The company also has an advantage over small-scale companies because of its ability to produce wine in large quantity hence availability of stock for distribution in the ready market. This was easily achieved since the company maintained its quality in production. Small companies of old wine could not achieve production in large quantity while maintaining high quality products. Over time, the structure of Robert Mondavi has been changing according to competition in the market. The success of the company in the industry relies entirely on the marketing approach. Robert Mondavi marketed its products by describing the product to opinion leaders enlightening them on the benefits for them to appreciate the product. This approach helped for the growth of the company since it offered a chance for promotion in consumer places such as restaurants where customers were offered the drinks for tasting, and also availed it to social events. The customer foundation was also strengthened by advertisements on both radio and televisions. Competition from large companies Success in the wine industry has attracted large companies such as Foste
Robert Towne, in his movie Chinatown, has tried to bring out an exemplary idea of planning issues affecting most of the urban areas in today’s world. The people who were expected to be active planners in the city eventually leave the town in a worse state than they found it. First, it is the water crisis whereby the water supply of the entire town is controlled by one politically significant individual. As a result of this, only a part of the whole community is able to access clean water. The people in control direct it wherever they want it to flow to, which in this case is their farmlands. Proper planning of urban centers requires that the essential resources such as water be distributed to every household fairly, and this is not the case in Chinatown. The planners in this town are not able to balance their personal needs and the growing needs of the town. Being the prospective people in the area, the growth and development of this town depend on them entirely. But what happens is the exact opposite of the general expectations. These people move out of the suburb after they have invested in their personal projects, such as farmlands. The rest of the inhabitants remain in grave poverty in an area that has a lot of unutilized potentials. Owing to this, the growth of the urban town remains retarded indefinitely. The main reason behind the poor planning decisions was the incorporation of politics in the planning. The politicians were in control of all the resources, and this explains the ordeal of Chinatown. One of the characteristics of poorly planned and developed urban centers is poor transport network. In Chinatown, for example, the private vehicle only belongs to the few tycoons in the town. The other people are forced to use public means, which is rare in the first place; hence they end up walking on foot for long distances. It is not that these people are unable to afford private vehicles. Only that they are not given a chance to develop themselves to the point of acquiring a decent living. The type of growth experienced in this area, according to this movie, is the short term growth that cannot be sustained. This is because it is focused on a small section of the area, and any growth plans brought forth are expected to only benefit the already rich individuals. This is why the town is left desolate the moment these people decide to leave. Farming is one of the activities that could benefit Chinatown a great deal if done in the correct manner. However, the planners severe the entire community and directs the main source of water to their farmlands. These farmlands are doing fine, but they are not able to provide food to the whole community. As good planners, they would have distributed the water to the whole region and encourage people to use the water for agricultural purposes. This is the best and sustainable method of preserving farmland. Otherwise, these
The Cherry Pickers by Kevin Gilbert is repeatedly outlined as a ground-breaking event as it was the first play written by an Indigenous artist (Chakraborty 68). At the moment of the initially rehearsed interpretation of The Cherry Pickers, Gilbert was named the first Indigenous dramatist to have his play performed. Gilbert’s plays surely are the first drama scripts by an Indigenous Australian to be played in the Euro-Australian dramatic setting. Consistent with one story, The Cherry Pickers was trafficked out of prison on the pieces of toilet paper. Gilbert defined the drama as a story about seasonal workers that emphasized spiritual exploration and damage, as the Indigenous people forced to become unnatural migrants while being dissocialized (Gilbert 22). The author chose this particular artifact for the reason that, taking into account the experiences of wandering countryside workers, the drama overviews the subjects of family, religiousness, and denial. The description syndicates creation legends, ancestral rituals, political rhetoric, dirty puns, songs, and an incessant act of waiting (Das 3). The waiting is the detail that should be regarded as the central element of the play. Gilbert builds The Cherry Pickers around a company of Aboriginal Australians destined to stroll through their own land in search for whatever work they can get. They set up a camp and then narrate stories, sing melodies, and distract the audience for the play’s length while they are waiting for the commencement of the cherry-picking season. Numerous facts may be recognized if we place the play in its wider historical context. Through its comicality, The Cherry Pickers is viciously frank about alcoholism, ferocity, and the anxiety that can lead to ethnic and moral roadblocks (Das 3). The Cherry Pickers became the first play that was written by an Aboriginal person using the standard English language. Gilbert’s artifact became a major step in creating communicational bonds between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. The play helps the reader get an insight into the natural life of people whose private life had been protected from white folks. The drama was nominated for several prestigious awards and was highly praised (Wheeler 125). What is also important, the text of the play was not available until the end of the 1980s when a reviewed version was published, coinciding with the growing dissents by Aboriginal Australians contrary to the celebrations of European Annexation Anniversary (Chakraborty 64). This Indigenous play exposes the route of denial, powerlessness, subservience, and elementary human deprivation. The Cherry Pickers is instilled with a sense of delicate satire no less comforted by the fact that it took almost twenty years for The Cherry Pickers to be printed in Australia. On a bigger scale, the play presents a mixture of expectation, ambition, remembrance, scarcity, and demise of the Indigenous habits of living, not moderated by the infreque
Reaction 1: The importance attached to mathematics as a science, and a collaborator for physics has fast gained credibility and recognition, especially in the context of its logical reasoning and scientific principles that supports its theories and practices. It is also seen as claiming to be the fountainhead of thoughts that have been generated through interpretations of surreal mathematics. Reaction 2: The success gained by mathematics could be largely attributed to the fact that it is a language that has quantitative utility value; it does not relate itself with mundane business applications, but is more concerned with abstract relationships and also in terms of seeking relations within relationships, in order to critically examine the principles or theories themselves, rather than the empirical application of such tenets. (Peat & Mickens, 1990). Reaction 3: The language of mathematics, especially in its pristine form, has been popularized because it is the only quantitative method that could possibly address theories of physics, more so, in contemporary times. The Cartesian grid, for instance, has been a striking illustration of mathematical suzerainty over physics. (Peat & Mickens, 1990). Reaction 4: The debate whether mathematics could be treated as a language needs to be seen in the context of the fact that in certain cases, it deals with codified quantitative data which has very little to do with the abstract and conceptual thinking attributed to languages. The fact remains that mathematics may not be treated more than a technical language due to absence of conveyance of human emotions and feelings. Reaction 5: Drawing comparison between mathematics and music, it could be said that while both follow logical order and precision, music is a sense experience that transcend normal senses, and “seeks a harmony between the four basic human functions; thought balanced by feeling and intuition by sensation.“ (Peat & Mickens, 1990). Reaction 6: In reaching a nexus between mathematics and functioning of the human brain, it is seen that both have patterned hierarchical level of thinking and logical functioning. As a matter of fact, the brain needs to seek assimilate and correlate data in a structured and orderly manner in order to solve a mathematical problem. It is also seen that the science of mathematics also lends itself for structural integrity and coherence. Reaction 7: The aspect of archetype cannot also be ruled out, in that scientific arguments and validations of many great mathematics have originated not from rigorous pursuit of study but from their intuitions, or gut feelings. It would also not be improbable to surmise that these hunches could form the premise of major mathematical breakthroughs in future, too. (Peat & Mickens, 1990). Reaction 8 : It may be concluded that theories that mathematics as a precursor to physics may be valid, sustainable, and may lent credence to the reality of our very existence on earth, but it
Internal auditors are very important for healthy operations of companies. This function increases in significance with the size of the corporation. However, the functions that internal auditors perform are significant enough for every company, no matter how small, to have an expression of internal audit. There is debate on the best governance structure to use to derive the best value from an internal audit unit. Corporate governance structures include all stakeholders such as the shareholders, company staff and management, board of directors and regulators. There two options are having the internal auditors report to senior management or directly to the organizations board. Boards have the role of ensuring that internal controls work, which makes it very important for them to have the services of the internal audit team. “An effective internal audit function plays a key role in assisting the board to discharge its governance responsibilities” . The following are the key functions of an internal auditor. Risk Evaluation The first role that internal auditors play in corporate governance is risk evaluation. It involves the identification of processes that carry significant risks for the company. While many of these risks are financial in nature, the process cuts across all operations that have an influence on the financial standing of the company. For instance, internal auditors care about information systems because of the financial risks that a security lapse in information systems may cause. Tracking Fraud and Irregularities The second role that internal auditors play is that they help the organisation to track fraudulent activities and other financial irregularities. Fraud comes about when an individual or group of people try to get dishonest gain. Such individuals can be insiders or outsiders. Irregularities refer to financial processes that do not conform to proper policies. The internal audit office acts like the first line of defence against these schemes. Analysis of Efficacy of Corporate Governance Processes The next role that an internal auditor plays is that of policing the efficacy of the corporate governance processes. Corporate governance manifests most clearly in the financial management systems. As the auditor polices the entire financial system in the organization, he makes it possible for the organization to tell just how strong its corporate governance processes. Tracking the Value of Assets Another important role that the internal auditor plays for an organization is tracking the value of assets for the company. As the person who keeps the asset register, an internal auditor adjusts the value of the assets to reflect the impact of inflation, depreciation and appreciation of the value of assets. These changes come because of the changes in both the internal and external environment. This information is important because it affects the values on the balance sheet, which in turn affects the s