ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This is a research essay about the topic of City. The basic structure, concept and definition would be presented for city and they would be explained in a descriptive manner. There is no specific definition available for the word “city” because every person has got his own ideas and thoughts related to the word “City”. Their definitions might be different from one another to some extent, but they all mean the same. Essay Body (LeGates and Stout 98) The word “City” is very different from a town. City compromises of a very huge, outsized and heavily populated metropolitan area which is administered by many independent districts. This area is built up with the help of many constructive minds’ thinking, planning and structural organizers. Everything manufactured in the city is observed and supported by the municipality departments, so that the inhabitants and people related to those areas could be provided by the basic standards of living with area defined city limits or boundaries. The basic standards supervised and planned by the city management of the city are facilities of power, education, water, sewerage, earnings, goods and services, drainage, waste management, recreation, food, and many other services which could support the daily routine lives of the citizens. A city has also some form of regulations, taxations, and administration departments to take care of the routine casualties. “ The city… is to be understood here as architecture. By architecture I mean not only the visible image of the city and the sum of its different architectures, but architecture as construction, the construction of the city over time.” Also Rossi. A city is a place where the commercial, educational, institutional, residential and recreational needs are fulfilled and met with each other in co-ordinance. It allows people from different areas, cultures, religions, colors, castes, and behaviors to get along and live in separate groups form, so that they could socially coordinate with one another while enjoying their freedom in their restricted areas or boundaries. The word “city” is indefinite and unclear itself so archaeologists like to write as a criterion of civilization. City is usually formed because of the advantages of increasing returns to scale and economies of scale. “ A city is a relatively large, dense, permanent settlement of heterogeneous individuals and groups of individuals organized to perform, or to facilitate the performance of, locality-relevant functions in an integrated manner and to ens
The main problems that occurred in the Portman Hotel were connected with the implementation of the 5 Star model and the lack of communication between employees and the management team (Heckscher 1). These problems were connected with ineffective change management and a lack of attention to the personal needs and expectations of the workers. The main problems were low morale, a decrease in salaries (tips), changing the content of work, and a new system of delegation of authority. In theory, no one person even the CEO can drive change. Change must be an institutionalized, natural organizational process (Robbins 44). The key feature of the HR system in the Portman Hotel is the exceptional service quality based on the Personal Valets System (PV). In contrast to other hotels, employees of the Portman Hotel clean rooms and assist guests in different matters. The hotel sees its employees as “associates” and signs a contract with each of them. The group of five employees is supposed to assist a guest 24 hours a day (Heckscher 3). The team helps to develop a vision for the future, creating an environment for change and convincing others to join in making the vision a reality. Each employee is responsible for five rooms only. The unique feature of the PV system is that it is based on the personal interests of employees and a unique perception of guest satisfaction. Associates receive $200 tips per week. This system shows that the cultural and personal values of employees are the core of the PV. Team decision-making is a key aspect of team management. Team deliberations may be made jointly, but decisions should be made singly. Although there may be disagreement and conflict during deliberations, once there is consensus on a course of action, team members must support the decision as if it were their own. Diversity of opinion is a team strength, but it can degenerate into splintering unless the team members put the task first. Employees value the importance of the service they provide and a unique image of the hotel. They pay special attention to teamwork and depend on the high tips they receive each week. Patrick Mene, a vice president of the Portman
Introduction There are various employment opportunities in IS/IT throughout the world. These include consultancy, software development and web development, among others. This paper will explore the skills required for various jobs in Information systems and/or Technology. In this regard, the paper will explore three IS/IT related jobs. Summary of Job descriptions Software developer The vacancy is on contract basis and requires a developer with 3-5 years of experience. The developer will be responsible for design, establishment and maintenance of networked systems. The job also requires one, who is capable of adapting to the business. Candidates should have the capability of resolving complex problems, troubleshooting, researching as well as implementing business solutions. The person will also be responsible for testing, as well as documenting networked systems. Finally, he will be responsible for instructing and directing other technical personnel. PHP developer The second vacancy requires candidates who have experience in Red Dot. They should be capable of transferring information from one website to another. The individual will work as a consultant, and rebuild Linux stack for management systems. The person is therefore required to be well conversant with PHP. Candidates are also required to have experience in web application development, content management as well as have self-motivation. SAP Security Consultant The third job requires one who will be responsible for analyzing, identifying and correcting areas of risks. The person is also required to fill J-SOX conflicts, initiate role-based security and train staff on security changes. The individual will also review changes that have been recommended by audit team, and update current-access-control processes. IT/IS skills required for the job Software developer The skills required are categorized into two, namely basic and others. The former include Java, C++ and Java Server pages (JSP), while the latter requires at least five years of experience in C or C++, JSP, client/server design/ programming, TCP/IP, FTP, among others. In addition, the job requires experience in cryptology, certificate implementation software, cross system design, Linux, relational databases, and other UNIX based systems. Proficiency in written and verbal communication is also required. PHP developer This vacancy requires skills and experience in PHP as well as Red Dot. In addition, candidates are required to be self-motivated. SAP Security Consultant Ca
Introduction Nike should integrate information systems to improve efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. Information technology leverages primary and secondary activities of an organization. Manual systems have proved to have retrospective effective on the performance of organizations. The adoption of information systems enhance value chain activities of diverse departments. Focus of the Study To focus on information value chain between numerous departments in Nike. To examine the importance of value addition on each of the business processes in the four departments. To enhance competitive advantage of Nike through the improvement of value chain and business processes. To view the essence of information value chain in synchronisation of activities. Nature of Relationships Value Chain Activities Comparative analysis of traditional and modern approaches in each department elucidates value chain activities. Primary activities such as research, development, design of products, marketing, and accounting happen in respective departments. The concept of information value chain bestows strategic advantage in competitive markets. Supplier, distribution, disposal, buyer, and firm value chain activities are core activities in business cycle. Interrelationships of Departments A Ten Step Traditional Method  1. The application of manual system in coordinating primary and secondary activities among departments.  2. Separation of primary activities according to the respective departments.  3. Establishment of the products needed in the market based on manual research and development.  4. Collection of primary data using old method such as postal services.  5. Manual analysis of primary data collected.  6. Expensive and cumbersome way of generating invoices created massive inconsistencies.  7. Poor synchronisation of activities made preceding activities influence subsequent activities.  8. To enhance functions of the finance and sales and marketing departments, employment of many staff was a necessary strategy.  9. Reduction in cost-effectiveness of operations significantly increase operation costs. 10. The shipment of products took long because of the manual processes involved . Flow of Activities Manual Processes Problems of the Manual System Lack of real-time communication between departments delayed delivery of products. Manual accounting system caused massive errors and did not provide real-time information. The sales and marketing department did not present the right information about marketing environment. The processes of generating order was inefficient owing to poor communications between departments. Improving the Business Chain The manufacturing and production department and the sales and marketing department are areas that require improvement. The manual system has problems in aspects such as research and development, design, production, sales, and marketing.
Research confirms that that prefab methods of building “have become a real shot” and could provide a means to “mass-produce high-quality housing” (Drueding, Meghan, Maynard and Hutchins, 2005). Prefabricated building methods have several advantages over traditional stick-built methods of construction. There are a number of reasons why prefab homes are the preferred choice of the new generation. Figure 1. Prefab homes   * Higher Quality Since all the parts are developed in factories, the level of quality control is higher due to the availability of equipment at the factory which may not be available at the site of the job, which enables the building of structurally superior walls as compared to stick-built walls (Modern Modular website, 2008).   * Cost-efficient Prefab sores over other building methods due to its cost efficiency which occurs primarily through “less labor” which results from “efficient manufacturing” due to “mass customization” (Modern Modular website, 2008) which “costs significantly less than pure custom, site-built projects” which account for a substantial amount of the firm’s labor and costs (Drueding et al., 2005).   * Quicker to Build Prefab houses consume lesser time to build than traditional houses due to the maximum production taking place in factories which reduces the disturbances of weather and human labor which could be rather unpredictable (Modern Modular website, 2008). Additionally, since technology plays a vital role in designing and constructing these projects, work is faster and more efficiently done as compared to manual labor.   * Higher performance and Value Figure 2. Prefab homes Prefabricated houses are not only important because of their contemporary design look but more importantly for “how they function” (Drueding et al., 2005). The most crucial aspect of prefab houses is the “sustainability” factor and the enhanced performance and added value as a result of less waste when a house is built in a factory rather than at the physical site (Modern Modular website, 2008). The use of technological tools, especially the computer, enables the saving of labor and time and due to the factory setting, surplus pieces can be used for the construction of other buildings. Importantly, through technology especially computers, the designing and building of the pieces of the house can be done in such as manner that they promote e
Flight Centre is a travel agent situated in Australia that has enjoyed a lot of success over the years making it one of the leading travel agents in Australia and the rest of the world (Roth, 2010). The main objective of compiling this special report about Flight Centre as an organization is to find out the secrete behind the success of the company and the various management approaches and principles applied by the company’s management to ensure the company maintains its level of success (Johnson, 2005). This paper will explore the management strategies of Flight Centre and the importance of social co-operate responsibility in the development of the company image and brand. Flight Centre Limited as a company became fully operational in 1981 and since then has emerged as the leading travel agent in Australia and the rest of the world. The company had a market capitalization of $1.145 billion on the Australian by the year 2006 indicating a steady growth since its establishment (Johnson, 2005). The company has expanded beyond the boundaries having opened up branches in ten other countries in Europe, America and Africa. Flight centre is one of the leading employers offering jobs to over 8000 workers in its 1500 stores spread across different countries (Roth, 2010). Some of the major countries in which the company has experiences rapid growth include Canada, United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand and South Africa. Since its establishment, the company has revolutionalized international travelling and diversified its services to fully meet customer demands (Roth, 2010). Apart from being a travel agent, the company offers other services such as accommodation, car rentals and holiday packages to comprehensively meet business and holiday needs for its clients. Flight Centre has been able to increase its sales because of its effective market segmentation strategies that cater for online, wholesale, corporate and retail clients (Joyce, 2001). Some of the major outstanding factors that make Flight Centre remain very competitive in the market is its extensively network of stores that makes distribution faster and effective and the fact that it is an internationally recognized brand compared to other brands (Thompson, 2005). Flight Centre is the leading travel agent in terms of online transactions making it have a competitive edge over its competitors. Flight Center has been acquiring other companies around the world with the recent one being the Liberty Travel company as a strategy for penetrating the North American market (Dobson et al., 2004). One of the weaknesses of Flight Center is its inability to sell tickets directly to its clients a fact makes it face a lot of competition from other travel agencies like Qantas, Trailfinders, Webjet and S8 which are able to sell their tickets directly. The company also is threatened by the preference of many travelers to make their travel arrangements online instead of engaging the services of travel agents (Soloner, et al., 2006). However, the comp
Introduction The research team will comprise the research supervisor, experienced researchers who are the leading research performers, and young scientists. The inclusion of the latter is dictated by the desire to provide young scientists with involvement in the scientific research environment and gain experience in conducting research. In addition, the following specialists and experts will be included in the research team: a consultant in the field of legal norms and legal peculiarities in the field, an information technology specialist (to ensure a professional approach to the processing, storage, and protection of data), technical support specialists (to ensure the most smooth conducting of the communication sessions themselves using online technologies). Participants will be students of the last nurses and novice nurses preparation courses, i.e., practitioners who have recently entered clinical practice. Also, the pool of participants will include individuals who have shown a desire and consent to act out the second side of the communicative situation (doctors, colleagues, patients, relatives, and family of patients and other potential participants in communication in the process of clinical practice). The composition of this floor will be as broad and varied as possible since it is not limited by location, experience, background, and any other characteristics. Ethical Consideration concerning Recruitment Participants will be recruited on an equal basis. The principle of fairness prevents the prevalence of risk for one group for the benefit of another and implies that the selection of research subjects should be carried out impartially (Anabo et al., 2019). This applies both to the participant, as an individual, and as a member of a social, racial, gender, or ethnic group. Participants will not be selected because they are sympathetic or unsy
Introduction Islam is one of the largest religions in the world. However, in recent decades, this “on-again, off-again obsession” of Westerners has been mostly associated with negative connotations (Prothero 25). These negative associations, which began after 9/11, have led to a refusal to accept Islam by North Americans and Europeans who have hardly met any Muslims (Prothero 25). This paper aims to explain the major principles of Islam and give my personal opinion of the religion. The Characteristics of Islam Believers in Islam consider Allah to be the only God and believe that Muhammad is his messenger. Islam is the world’s second largest religion, having more than one billion adherents (Prothero 28). Only Christianity has more believers than Islam. Both of these religions are classified as Western. However, the majority of Muslims live in Asia (Prothero 28). In the context of the United States, it is believed that Islam was brought here by Muslim slaves (Prothero 29). The Nation of Islam, which first spread the religion in the US, was able to claim such an important public figure as Muhammad Ali as a member before his death in 2016. In Europe, Islam is a topic of considerable controversy, particularly because of the demand that women wear hijabs ─ head coverings (Prothero 29). According to research, there is disagreement between Muslims and non-Muslims in Europe on many issues. The importance of prayer in Islam is quite high. Muslims pray five times each day (Prothero 27). No matter where they are and what they are doing, whenever they hear the adhan – the “invitation” to prayer – they pause their work and pray (Prothero 27). The adhan is most commonly made in Arabic since Muslims believe that God announced his final revelation, the Quran, in this language (Prothero 28). Prayers are somewhat different in various parts of the world and at different times of the day. However, they have in common their proclamation of praise to Allah. While some Muslims ig
Introduction The Northern Gateway Pipeline Project is a multi-sectorial project with Enbridge Pipeline Company as the main stakeholder. The pipeline that is proposed to run from the north of Alberta to the northern coast of British Columbia will facilitate the transport of crude oil from Alberta to the coast of British Columbia for shipping to the foreign markets. The following essay discusses the effects that the project will have to the First Nations people residing along is a path, and more particularly to the First Nation of the Gitxsan people. The perspective taken here is that of an outsider looking into the problem that is simmering. The Four Phases of the Pipeline From the initial concept of the pipeline to its completion and service, the pipeline construction will take four phases. These are the planning and regulatory approvals, development and construction, operation, and decommissioning (Van Hinte15). Planning and regulatory approvals phase The planning and regulatory approvals phase are said to have started in the year 2005 when the project was defined. Preliminary engineering began and regulatory consultation activities were carried out (Van Hinte15). In this phase, the appropriate information concerning the scope of the project, the likely environmental effects, and outcome ought to have been discussed. Consultations with the First Nations also took place here with major disagreements with the first nations taking place. It is with disrespect to the Gitxsan First Nation people for not being adequately involved in the mapping and planning of the project from the beginning. Development Construction Phase This is the phase with the most significant effects on the environment in the shortest of all the periods. The construction company begins to clear the area earmarked for the laying of the pipeline (right of way). Construction was set to begin in late 2007 with the ordering of the pipes set to take place in the fall of the same year (Van Hinte 15). For the sake of ease of construction and division of labor to accelerate the project, the pipeline would be built in 11 different segments (Van Hinte 15). Construction was targeted to take place for two years. This would involve clearing of vegetation along the ROW and displacement of the families living along the ROW. Digging for the pipes would also take place after the land had been leveled to make this easier. This process would affect many families in the Gitxsan community through loss of precious fishing grounds due to the interference with the salmon breeding grounds. Operation The number of years that the pipeline would be operational is not indicated in the company’s goals. Therefore, there is no indication of the amount of environmental damage expected from the project during this period. With the completion of the project, hundreds of ships and tankers are expected to come through the port that will be created. This is bound to pollute the seawater upon which the Firs