ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Research The article was discovered with the help of search tools of ResearchGate, which is a network that helps researchers to share their scientific output. I decided to write about this article because I wanted to elaborate on the importance of the Paris Agreement from which the US has recently withdrawn. The article outlined the findings of the research by Rose et al., who investigated the short-term implications of the agreement and argued that it was capable of bringing a meaningful change to the world (255). Publication Live Science journal was chosen as a place for publication because numerous Webby Awards attest to its quality. I tried to mimic the breadth of research, elements of style, and format of the publication. The Article The article underscored the importance of a minor change in the average temperature of the planet. It also discussed the feasibility of meeting the agreements’ objectives by following nationally determined contributions (NDCs). In order to make the research interesting to the general audience, it was infused with references to the current policy issues (the US withdrawal from the agreement) and different spheres of human existence (shelter, food, migration, and energy). In order to follow the conventions of the publication, all indentations at the beginning of new paragraphs were removed. Also, the use of expressions of belief, loose statements, and successive prepositional phrases was avoided. The greatest strength of the draft is its ability to introduce readers to details of the complex issue without overexposing them to technicalities, which can cause fatigue and frustration. Also, the draft is subdivided into digestible pieces of information that can be useful for those readers who have no time to penetrate the full content of the work. The greatest weakness of the draft is a lack of hyperlinks. It would be helpful to have the most feedback on the use of supportive research in the article as well as contextualization of the main arguments. Work Cited Rose, Steven et al. “The Paris Agreement and Next Steps in Limiting Global Warming.” Climatic Change , vol. 142, no. 1-2, 2017, pp. 255-270.
Globalization is discussed in contemporary society as the issue according to which the researchers are inclined to explain all the processes in the modern world. As a result, the development of the societies and the aspects of the people’s interactions are examined from the larger perspectives, and the results of examination are usually presented in ‘convergence narratives’ which are focused on the idea of globalization as the process which causes the specific compression of the world space where people become more interconnected (Steger 18-19). It is possible to discuss globalization from many points, but it is necessary to state that the phenomenon of globalization exists, and convergence and connectivity are the main characteristics of this process. Thus, convergence narratives explain the processes which are observed in the real world while analyzing their causes and predicting the outcomes. In spite of the fact that there are many researchers who state that globalization is the contemporary phenomenon, convergence narratives present the evidence that globalization in different forms was characteristic for various historical periods and it can be discussed as the long-term process; furthermore, these narratives often accentuate the anthropological approach to discussing the issue as closely associated with the aspect of culture. Convergence narratives discuss globalization as the developed process which is based on the ideas of connectivity, exchange, and sameness. Thus, people all over the world become more and more interconnected because of the use of information and communication technologies, developing transport, and global trade. Ferguson notes that globalization depends on erasing the borders of cultures, on the easy flow of capitals, and on the transformation of governance systems and approaches (Ferguson 30). From this point, convergence is observed in each aspect of people’s life and activities, including the culture, society, economy, and politics. The authors of the convergence narratives usually make their conclusions referring to the ethnographic evidence and analysis of the observed tendencies (Steger 19). Therefore, referring to the real-life ethnographic data and comparison of the processes from the historical perspective, the authors of convergence narratives conclude that the modern world is shrinking, interconnectedness of the cultures and nations is intensifying, the cultures become deterritorialized, and the flows of information and capitals continue to play a significant role in drawing the pattern of the global world’s progress. Although the researchers can discuss globalization as the new phenomenon, this process should be considered as long-term because the characteristic features of globalization are observed during the ages, and only during several decades, this specific process became known as ‘globalization.’ S
Fashion design and architecture field are related. While their initial basic inventions present simplicity and need to satisfy basic necessity of clothing and shelter and no satisfaction of additional functions like beauty and aesthetics, their current forms continue to evolve in characteristic and function. Today, in addition to borrowing from each other, their forms meet more than one function ranging from shelter to cultural and religious representation. This paper discus the relationship between the two aforementioned fields with a mention on the specific examples of the fashion designers and architects that have contributed in works that relate the fields. The paper goes ahead and gives view of the positive aspects and negative aspects of the relationship of the field in view of the current, past and possible future trends. The paper also gives a possible way out to avoid the negative aspect presented by continuation of invention in the field that seeks to nearly merge the two fields. Introduction Clothing and building in the past did not involve a complex design impartation as they do today. In fact, they were both basically introduced and being made out of necessity, which was primarily to shelter the human body. This forms the basic relationship between the two. Azra (2006) notes that the basic form of clothing which was an animal skin, was also used as a covering for basic shelter for man. In fact, materials which were first used to build, according to Phillip Beesley and Sean Hanna in a companion book on the Hewitt Museum of Design exhibition which was named “ Extreme Textiles” , were woven (integrated fabric) and not masonry-flexible twigs woven with vertical arrangement as wall and a roof of straw or glass fibers. However, further developments, particularly in the design developments of architecture and fashion, there has been revealed a common path between the two. While textile designers are using ideas of architecture to build fashions, architecture envies the fluidity of textiles and is utilizing textiles to come up with fluid spaces and intimate environment according to Azra. Today, the two can reveal the religious setting of a place, religious inclination of a people, political perception, cultural and social values in addition to beautification and use of similar trends and principles in developments. Today, developments in the two fields have resulted in hybrid practices and usage of geometry by experts in the both fields, similar design processes among other relationships. Trends have been adopted where as a result of extreme cases of danger, human beings construct simple structures which can be carried or that they build portable and simple structures where they live afterwards. Therefore, just like a garment, structures can provide temporary and portable shelter to where the human may wish to go. Relationships between fashion and architecture The relationship between fashion and architecture may be discussed in light on more than one aspect. These range from the basic use of the
Introduction The global financial crisis that broke out in 2007 continues to attract the attention of economists, lawyers, and policy-makers. One of their main tasks is to identify the main lessons of this event and develop strategies that can minimize the possibility of such threats in the future. This essay is aimed at discussing the laws that could have contributed to this event. In particular, one should focus on regulations and legislative acts that could have encouraged or at least allowed unscrupulous practices of financial institutions and their extreme risk-taking. Furthermore, these regulations did not ensure complete transparency of the organizations that were involved in financial transactions. These are some of the main aspects that can be identified. Nevertheless, one should not assume that the absence of legal safeguards is the only factor that led to this crisis since it is necessary to consider the development of the economy and lack of internal controls in many institutions. These are the main questions that should be examined in greater detail. Laws and policies that increased the fragility of the financial system It is possible to mention several important laws that are closely related to this crisis. In particular, one can refer to the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act adopted in 1999 because it enabled the integration of commercial and investment banks (Stowell 32). It should be taken into account that investment banks are usually more tolerant to risk (Stowell 32). They are more likely to put capital into projects which can yield higher returns, but at the same time, these investments are more likely to fail. One should take into account that the clients of these organizations are aware of these dangers, and they can withstand the impact of possible failures. This is one of the main issues that should be considered. In contrast, commercial banks are averse to risks since deposit holders expect bankers to avoid aggressive investment. These clients want the management to minimize the risk to their assets. The integration of commercial and investment banks was prohibited according to the Glass-Steagall Act implemented in 1933. The risk management strategies in these organizations were not consistent with one another. In turn, the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act eliminated this restriction (Stowell 32). More importantly, this law resulted in the creation of institutions that were described as “too big to fail” (Stem and Feldman 7). In this case, one should speak about various financial organizations that are very interconnected and large, and they are supposed to be supported by the government if they experience difficulties (Stem and Feldman 7). Among such institutions, one can distinguish Lehman Brothers or AIG. In many cases, the managers of these organizations pursued risky policies that were based on the assumption that the state would not let th
Introduction The U.S. justice system could be considered similar to the majority of European ones as they descended from Roman law. Using this set of regulations as the basis for further development, Western countries managed to transform and adapt laws to meet specific requirements that come from the peculiarities of culture and mentality. At the same time, there are countries which also used Roman law as the starting point; however, its impact was significantly weaker, and new perspectives on the justice system appeared. The Russian Federation could be considered one of these states where the existing legal environment has its unique aspects different from European and U.S. ones. That is why the comparison of the Russian and American justice systems could help to improve the comprehending of the way the law functions in different states. Substantive Law Thus, the legal regulation traditionally comprises the substantive and procedural laws which guarantee the preservation of the public order and provision of punishment. The substantive law encompasses a set of regulations that govern the way members of society are allowed to behave (Burnham, 2016). It defines civil rights and responsibilities. Russia and the USA have similar perspectives on substantive law and guarantee the same rights to citizens. However, the structure of the law is different as the Russian substantive sphere splits into public and private parts (Sergevnin & Kovalev, 2013). The U.S. system does not recognize this division. It has only common and equity laws that are expected to guarantee the preservation of all outlined rights and duties. Procedural Law As for the procedural law, it includes a set of rules to administer the substantive law (Burnham, 2016). In other words, it is responsible for the detection of breaches of the law and the provision of the appropriate punishment. There are significant differences in the Russian and American legal systems related to the given sphere. First, the moratorium on capital punishment is established in the Russian Federation. It means that no person could be sentenced to death. On the contrary, the majority of the U.S. states (31) consider capital punishment a legal penalty that could be applied to different cases (Burnham, 2016). There are many other differences in the given sphere of law related to the terms of punishment, penalties, litigation, etc. In general, it is possible to note a significant number of differences that precondition a divergence in perspectives on the procedural law and the way it should be executed. Judicial Review Continuing the comparison of two legal systems, the peculiarities of judicial review should also be outlined. In the Russian Federation, courts can supervise legislative acts at all stages of the lawsuit; however, only the Constitutional Court possesses the authority to nullify unconstitutional regulatory acts (Libbe, 2011). As for the USA, its constitution does not provide a judicial review with
Abstract Clearcutting controversies have dominated forest management since 1960s and 1970s, when popular legislations were made paving way to new environmental movement. Traditionally this approach has been applied to regenerate new tree species and for commercial timber production. However, the changing social values placed on forest and increased public awareness calls for rethinking of forestry management. Clearcutting has its effects on recreation and as a result has generated equal criticism from conservationists. This paper looks at existing literature on this issue and through comparative analysis it generates a discussion that helps to look at some of the implications to management. It culminates with a conclusion that selective application of clearcutting can be beneficial to recreation although management need to strike a balance between its goals and protecting the dominant species in an ecosystem. Introduction Background information Clearcutting has been used as a method of forest management by foresters for a number of reasons. First, it is a faster and affordable method in forest management. It is also approved because unlike selective cutting, it does not leave traces of poor quality trees behind. Third, it is very good for certain species of trees that regenerates well when exposed to the full moonlight as opposed to when subjected to shade. However one reason that has made it so popular is its application to increase the supply of timber for commercial purposes. Clearcutting is the process of timber harvesting and regenerating that involves cutting of all the trees in a site and then regenerating new ones that are of the same age (Gorte 99). In spite of its various advantages in forestry management, this method has received a lot of criticism from the public since 1960s. Some of the issues that critics to this method have cited include its adverse effects like soil erosion, destroying the landscape, biodiversity loss and many others. Those in the forest management have nonetheless argued that clear cutting is a good silvicultural management method for some kind of species that cannot withstand shade. Generally, its use has reduced significantly where even some states have banned it use in private and state forest, but it is still being practiced at certain levels in national forests. To Americans, national forest provides the best opportunity to interact with nature. Some of the things they do on these forests are to hike, camp, picnic, fish, and hunt. They can enjoy wildlife in its most serene environment and visit historical places. This paper is going to look at the impacts of clear cutting on recreation in nationa
Popularity of Mergers and Acquisitions in Companies Competing in Global Economy: Google and Its Expansion Strategy Being competitive and successful is not an easy task for a XXI-century company, especially within the environment of a globalized market, mostly because of the extremely high rates of competition. For a company that is going to expand into the globalized market, it is crucial to have enough support and be competitive in the new environment. The number of demands towards a company entering the global market are huge; suffice to say, without enough resources, working strategy, and a cohesive backup plan, a company can hardly survive in the global economy (Grant vi). More to the point, the significance of information, especially the speed of its acquisition has peaked in the XXI century. As long as a company leader is unwilling to fail within the context of the global economy, their company must merge with other firms and acquire small entrepreneurship shares actively or, at the very least, has a distinct plan on how to acquire stocks and shares of minor entrepreneurships and create links with future partners, which the example of Google, Inc. has shown in a very graphic way. The popularity of mergers and acquisitions has become especially evident in the XXI century; however, it was not until Google, Inc. decided to establish stronger links with the Android, Inc. in August, 2005 that the world of entrepreneurship recognized more than merely a tendency behind the given strategy; by 2006, when Google bought a huge chunk of the YouTube shares and merged with the given service, it was clear that the more a global market titan is, the more support it needs to withstand the possible backlash of the rivals, haters or any other groups that may possibly harm the company’s reputation. The merges are popular within the global economy for several reasons. To start with, merging with a company or acquiring one, an organization becomes more capable of dealing with the informational torrent. The more people are processing the demands within the target market, as well as the moods of the target customers and their reactions towards the supplies, the production of the rivals, the more detailed the data concerning the target market and customer the company is going to get, which will affect the firm’s revenues impressively. Not only will the company be able to provide the potential clients with the services that they need, but it will also be capable of tracing the changes within the market quickly and react to them fast and adequately. Another obvious positive effect of acquisition and merging policies within a company that is going global concerns its resilience. In other words, a company that has acquired a number of other SMEs and merged with several influential services may survive a massive disappointment. For example, as soon as the YouTube services were changed to fit the Google+ formula, a number of YouTube users were frustrated, to say the least. Because of the necessity to create a Google+ account in order to be able to comment videos on YouTube, people were hyped and burning with indignation; there were protests in med
Maria is a 27-year old single woman who studies psychology and works as an assistant of a therapist in a mental health facility. In her childhood, she was sexually abused by an unknown person in a park. She did not tell about the rape to her parents because they were both alcoholics. Maria’s father died when she was 14, and her mother had to raise her alone. Maria’s adverse childhood event (ACE) score is expected to be 3, which is associated with an increased risk of various psychological and physical conditions. First, Maria has an 11% chance of becoming an alcoholic, which may be even higher considering the fact that her parents had a history of alcohol misuse (“Got your ACE score?” 2018). Second, She has a 42% chance of having chronic depression (“Got your ACE score?” 2018). Finally, Felitti et al. suggest that Maria has a high chance of having a nicotine dependency problem. While the consequences of Maria’s ACEs may be disastrous, there are ways to prevent them from coming to reality. The conditions described above can be averted with the help of resilience. Resilience generally describes the ability of individuals to return to a similar shape, form, and condition after misfortune, harm, or injury. Resilience can be trained in children and adults to avoid the consequences of ACEs (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2019). People may also benefit from learning coping mechanisms, including asking for help, developing trusting relationships, forming a positive attitude, listening to feelings (Got your ACE score?” 2018). Moreover, people with a high ACE score may be helped