ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper focuses on child trafficking for sex exploitation, the factors that facilitate its growth and the reason why it is hard to detect and deter. Additionally, the paper focuses on the multiplicity of the issues and how this negates the gains made in efforts to combat the crime. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate child trafficking for the purpose of sex exploitation. As such, the paper reviews existing literature. Since the paper aims at borrowing heavily from recent research, the study discriminates against studies conducted more than ten years ago. This research revels that child trafficking has grown into fully fledged trade. Child trafficking tends to transform, with time. This calls for continued research. Introduction Human trafficking is a complicated problem. However, to understand scope within which the problem can be defined, UNICEF through the Palermo Protocol has provided a working definition. Regardless of this, human trafficking assumed numerous dimensions. Coupled with the fact that human trafficking keeps transforming complicates it further. Numerous efforts have been initiated to curb the vice. However, lack of coordination affects progress towards successfully curbing the vice. Additionally lack information negates any anti child trafficking initiatives. While trafficking of children for sex exploitation has flourished as a trade, the issue is obscured by overall efforts targeting the human trafficking. This necessitates further studies focusing on child trafficking for sex exploitation. This study focuses on the various issues dealing with child trafficking for exploitation as sex slaves and also proposes numerous ingenious recommendations (UNICEF, 2005). Literature review Human trafficking is an age old tradition, and common in many parts of the world. This phenomenon is manifested in various ways. Additionally, human trafficking has undergone transformation over time. This makes it difficult to detect, define and deter (Norris, 2008). While human trade has been there since time immemorial, the complexity of the matter is intensified by the fact that the term trafficking is used to refer to the various activities that involves the illegal transfer of people across borders (Dottridge, 2008). Because these activities are varied, it is thus difficult to develop a universally acceptable definition of the term human trafficking. Human trafficking is precipitated by a combination of factors, which further increases the complexity of the matter. The major factors that precipitate human trafficking are: demand for cheap labor across national borders, the evolution of sex as an economic activity and the restrictions imposed on
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have become a part of all humans’ lives, but they remain a debatable issue thus far. Some people argue that it is not ethical to change any genetic information and play God (MacKinnon & Fiala, 2017). However, I believe that GMOs are only another advancement in people’s lives as the creation of machines, cars, or spaceships. GMOs (be it a plant or animal) are a part of my life as well, as I have consumed GMO-based products. I am not concerned about long-term effects as much as some of my peers since I find GMOs to be a product of selection that has been in place for centuries. People have noticed some properties they considered to be appropriate for them and tried to grow as many plants and animals that have certain qualities as possible. I would use the principles of utilitarianism to support my claim. This theory is based on the view that everything is ethical if it contributes to as much good for as many people as possible. GMOs can help people overcome one of the major problems that is famine. GMOs are resistant to harsh environmental conditions, so people may grow more crops and other important plants. Millions of people still starve and are in need of food, so the production of more food is beneficial for all. Of course, some use the deontological approach and state that it is simply wrong to interfere with genetic codes as it is the divine domain. GMOs are seen as people’s attempts to play God, which is morally wrong. However, I would stress that even according to the Bible, humans were given the planet to take care of it, so using innovative tools is another way to follow the Christian postulates and take care of all creatures. Reference MacKinnon, B., & Fiala, A. (2017). Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
In an attempt to answer questions such as why do people act or what makes people set goals, there is a substantive indication of a certain force. Human behavior has been largely associated with internal and external forces responsible for any type of actions (Borkowski, 2009). In order for a human being to act, one must be driven by either force, normally called motivation. By definition, motivation is a force that initiates, sustains and guides an action towards desired end (O’Neil & Drillings, 1994). As such, human action is under motivation and but with varying intensities that involves both the physical and psychological aspects which range from biological, emotional to cognitive. There are two types of motivation which include internal motivation-caused by internal factors such as passion- and external motivation fueled by external factors such as reward. Abraham Maslow wrote in his theory of human needs and motivation that the foundation of motivation is satisfaction of basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing. Security and social needs will increase it and self-esteem boosting it further. His theory is based on the fact that satisfaction of all physical and psychological needs will lead to self-actualization; a level with the greatest motivation (Atkinson & Birch, 1978). Given the fact that “motivation is not limited to good or evil” (O’Neil & Drillings, 1994, p.86), I propose the theory of consequentialism as the source of motivation. In this sense, an individual is motivated by the consequences of an action intended to be performed. For instance, passing an examination is the consequence of putting much effort in studying prior to examination time and gaining peace is a consequence of hitting an enemy with an intention to emerge victorious. The consequences of an action determine our decision to perform it and the intensity with which to perform an action. specifically, single men are motivated by acceptance to approach ladies with an intention of gaining their approval. Their pre-conceived consequences include acceptance. This theory explains motivation around us each day with numerous and relevant examples just like the ones given above. Although this theory proves a true ground for the moment, it opens up room for further investigations into consequentialism as a theory of motivation. In week 3 discussion board, Haley Don convinces us that collectively, the theory of motivation will incorporate Maslow’s hierarchy and Herzberg’s two factor theory. However, there is need to understand motivational theory from a wider perspective since the theory presented in this case is only reflective of immediate and workplace needs and thus does not give provision for wider scope. There is need to consider motivation from a wider per
A smart card is any pocket-sized card, which has integrated circuits embedded on it and is referred to as an integrated circuit card or a chip card (Pohlmann 2011). Smartcards range from the basic SIM cards to the swap cards that many people are currently using to make payments. They are safer to carry around compared to cash that is subject to theft. Smartcards are on the increase usage in many institutions and sectors ranging from the healthcare sector to financial sectors. This research paper explores the smart card technology. Smart cards store data, present authentication, and identification. Large organizations use smartcards for tight security authentication (Guthery 2000). The invention of smart cards is back in 1968 but their use has not been until late in the century. The development of the microprocessors by various electrical engineers such as Helmut Grottrup and Jurgen Dethloff back in 1969 formed the foundation for invention of smart cards. In 1977, Michel Ugon invented the first microprocessor smart card. The first smartcard to be in use was the telephone card for the payment of pay phones in France 1983. After the success of this, integration of the microchips into the Carte Bleue debit cards proceeded in 1992 (Guthery 2002). Stored value refers to any monetary value as well as funds represented in a digital electronic format and capable of storage on electronic media in such a way that it is transferrable electronically or is retrievable electronically (Pohlmann 2011). Stored value enables one to load his or her smartcard with the dollar amount they wish and use this to pay for transfers as well as other services and products. However, the adoption of stored value cards and their market place acceptance depends on the maturity of the credit or debit electronic infrastructure (Guthery 2000). Consumers can utilize the stored value concept to obtain various products and services such as healthcare services. Therefore, consumers can load money into their stored value cards for healthcare services. They can go for routine checkups to dentists and other checkups using their pre-paid cards. They can as well purchase medicines from pharmaceuticals using the cards. These cards can as well be loaded with money and cater for medical emergencies Smartcards reduce fraud and streamline administrative procedures in institutions. Streamlining administrative procedures in healthcare organizations is now achievable using the smartcard systems (Guthery 2000). The health insurance organizations issued these cards, which contained insured person’s personal data, which, normally is on the paper insurance forms. The smart patient data stored in the chip is easily readable with an appropriate smart card reading
A thousand years ago there was no country named the United States of America. An ocean away Europeans were minding their own business and are not fully aware of the implications that there are sophisticated civilizations in Asia such as in China and Japan. Yet, a few hundred years later Europeans were able to establish commercial and political relations with the people of the American continent, Asia and the Arab world. When new means of transportation and communication were developed in the in the 18 th century – that led to the Industrial Age – there was no turning back. In this century mankind experienced a different level of interdependence and interconnection. Truly, globalization is a force that is changing this planet. But who is leading the charge? Are multinational corporations the true leaders of the planet? The answer to this question has many implications and this is the focus of this study. What is Globalization? Many books have been written about this topic. There are also many experts when it comes to this subject matter but one thing is for sure there is no agreement as to what it truly means (Scholte, 90). Yet, even if there is no agreement as to the exact meaning of globalization as well as the main reason why it has come about, it can be argued that without technology and the adventurous spirit of ancient and medieval explorers this high-level of interconnectedness would have been impossible. Breakthroughs in telecommunication as well as the existence of more efficient means of travel are also one of the main driving forces of globalization. Globalization is not a mystery but it is like a diamond with multiple facets. Others see the interconnectedness of people with different cultural backgrounds and religious orientation and yet able to transcend these differences through the use of modern technology such as the Internet. There are those who see globalization in the context of mobility, that a person can be a citizen of the UK, yet lives in New York and travels frequently to China. There are also others who argue that globalization is nothing more than a planet being partitioned into manageable pieces by multinational corporations that
In 1982, in California, a 15-year-old boy Barry Minkow organized a carpet cleaning company called ZZZZ Best. The young man became a millionaire through a significant fraud, for which he was later sentenced to a lengthy prison term (Partridge, 2019). Minkow started his business in his father’s garage, but at first, his business went severely, as banks did not allow an underage boy to open accounts. In addition, the services provided by the company were of a reasonably low level. Minkow tried to draw attention to ZZZZ Best by all available means. Changing his voice, he called the television and, introducing himself as a company client, enthusiastically told about a teenager who opened a carpet cleaning business. TV channels wanted to cover this story, and the company appeared in several television stories. There were more customers, but that was not enough for Barry. In an attempt to get more money, Minkow engaged in a significant fraud. He staged the robbery of ZZZZ Best and received compensation from the insurance company. He did the same scheme several more times. Since the contributions were substantial, several such scams allowed the entrepreneur to expand the ZZZZ Best network, hire new employees, and move out of his father’s garage. Despite many scams, the entrepreneur remained unpunished, and, perhaps, this prompted him to cheat more. Minkow began to take loans from banks, positioning ZZZZ Best as a company that performs contracts with insurance companies. In Barry Minkow’s biography, each subsequent stage was associated with more severe fraud. The entrepreneur still lacked funds, and he borrowed large sums of money from criminals who had previously been convicted of fraud or forgery of papers. Minkow spent these loans to enter the IPO, which made him a young multimillionaire (Partridge, 2019). Despite this, the young man’s success collapsed as quickly as it came. People who had previously used the company’s services began to collect collective complaints that the company was withdrawing much more significant amounts of money from their cards than it should have. These complaints had a considerable impact on the fall in the prices of ZZZZ Best shares. Journalists investigated fraud, and later Minkow and some of his employees were convicted of several offenses. Later, the entrepreneur was sentenced to twenty-five years in prison, as he was accused of many fraudulent incidents. He was released early enough for positive behavior in prison. After his release, one of his acquaintances asked him to familiarize himself with several documents for a company that, as it turned out, was a pyramid scheme. This gave Minkow new thoughts about fraud. Being caught cheating again, Minkow was sentenced to 5 years in prison (Partridge, 2019).
The movie 300 is an exaggerated retelling of the Battle of Thermopylae. While the characters and many the events were real, a lot of the facts in the movie were exaggerated for dramatic effect. In other words, the film is semi-authentic it tells a story that really happened but it is not a reliable record of the true events. The first and most glaring exaggeration can be found in the trailer which goes “Three Hundred against One Million”. This suggests that the Greeks were utterly outnumbered. In truth the Greek army was much smaller than the Persian army but the true number were around 7000 Greeks against 100,000 to 300,000, the true number is still subject to debate, Persians. Also while Spartans were prominent in the real battle of Thermopylae the 300 Spartans did not go at it alone, there were soldiers from the other Greek city-states, Athens, Thespia, Thebes and the others joined the Spartans for perhaps the first time in defense of Greece against their common foe. In the movie version the Spartans were alone except for a handful of amateurs. This exaggeration made the Spartans stand more amazing to the movie-goers. The second obvious difference is the attire of the Spartans. In the movie the Spartans wore fur briefs, a red cape, helmet and little else. In reality, the Spartans fought as Hoplites. In addition to the helmet, shield and spear they had in the movie, the Hoplites also wore heavy bronze armor and it is unlikely the ordinary Spartan soldiers had long red capes like they did in the movie since the capes served no function in battle and would only make it harder for the Spartans to move. The battle sequences were also exaggerated the Spartans, while really good soldiers, probably were not as dominating as they were in the movie. For example, during the first battle it looked like every time a Spartan and a Persian met the Persian was doomed and all he could do is die. There were no elephants in the Xerxes’ army and it is very unlikely that he had bomb throwers. The ‘ fight in the shade ’ scene is true. The Persians had so many archers that when they fired on the Greeks it looked like they blotted out the sun. Since the Greeks had heavy armor and shield, the arrows had no effect. The Immortals were not the freakish force of monsters with ‘ eyes dark as night, teeth filed into fangs ’. But they were Xerxes personal guard and the Persian warrior elite. The Immortals were probably the deadliest fighting force in Asia. They were Medes from the Persian province where Xerxes came from and were an elite force of 10,000 of the best soldiers in his army. But they did not wear the evil-looking armor, instead they wore clothes that were similar to the regular Persian except theirs
Introduction Life is full of changes and a certain event or personality can change your entire life. People can bring a 360-degree change in their lives just by following a personality or attaching themselves to a certain event. Elements like happiness, melancholy, success are considered to be the part and parcel of life. It’s a common norm that people usually follow the footsteps of their elders or the people who they aspire a lot. This external force can bring a change in their lives and they can easily climb the ladders of success just by following the footsteps of their aspirations. Discussion Most of the personalities that are considered as a legend in today’s world were either influenced by a certain person or by a particular event that changed their entire life and transformed their thinking patterns. People like Newton, Edison, and Archimedes etc were transformed from rags to riches just by influencing from the external forces. Isaac Newton discovered the gravitational force just by the witnessing an apple dropped from a tree. Archimedes discovered the “Archimedes principle” when he was taking a bath. Similarly, Edison was influenced by his teacher and the negative remarks of his teacher developed a self-belief in Edison and he discovered an electric bulb. Thus, most of the inventors and scientists are influenced by an external source and external influence when combined with their intellect has transformed their way of thinking. I was also influenced by an external force and that external force happened to be my teacher. In the beginning of my educational career I was a bit lethargic and non-serious in my studies. Moreover, in my early days I was interested in playing computer games and spent a huge amount of time in playing games. My grades were affected by this and my parents were worried about my non-serious attitude. But, I was interested in the field engineering and becoming an engineer is the aim of my life. My science teacher developed a sense of self-belief in me and he usually says that if I follow my dreams I can achieve anything in my life. My science teacher transformed my entire personality and helped me a lot in achieving my goal. He helped me a lot in numerous situations and I consider him as my mentor. His approach of teaching was fabulous
Some professional philosophers today deny that there is any objective truth about how we ought to live. They deny that there is some one way to live which is right and does not depend on any human opinion about it. Yet both Socrates and Boethius are committed to the opposite view, that there is a body of objective moral truth that all people must recognize as the best, provided the right questions are asked of them. What evidence for their position do Socrates and Boethius provide? Does it convince you? Why or why not? Introduction Under relativist viewpoint on the concept of truth, no truth bearer can be objectively true. Under this view, a truth bearer, at most, can be true relative to a conceptual framework, parameter, or a definite situation. As such, a truth bearer does not have general implication; instead, it can be true only for a relative given “X”. Despite the fact, that this is a general viewpoint of most of the contemporary philosophers, neither Socrates nor Boethius share it. According to the two scholars, there is a difficulty with ideas expressed by relativists. In this paper, ideas of the two scholars on the matter of truth will be discussed. Firstly, the criterion of truth will be discussed, as viewed by the two scholars. The concept of truth arises from the complexities of the relationship between an individual and others; consequently, the notion of truth, in the work of Plato, will be discussed from the perspectives of responsibility and shame. The process of purification and redemption are also covered. The focus will then be shifted to the “Consolation of Philosophy” written by Boethius and the discussion of internal and external sources of human knowledge with God being the real knower through whom human beings can actually obtain access to the universal moral truth. Finally, the concluding remarks will be made on whether articulations of the two philosophers are convincing. Socrates: Criterion of Truth The criterion of Truth in “Gorgias” can be derived from the dialogue in which Socrates contrasts his own form of refutation with that of Gorgias and Polus. The criterion offered in this case is not self-evidence or analytical clarity; instead, it depends upon the agreement with the opponent. Socratic method of refutation derives its’ significance from the fact that it is directed at a particular audience. Consequently, the concept of truth is inter-subjective even though there are places in the text, where Socrates claims to have discovered the concept of truth t