ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Contemporary society has evolved to embrace individuality over social communion. Technological advances and increased competition have forced people to congregate in regions they would prefer to avoid. The gathering of varied ethnicities has inevitably led to paranoia, seclusion, and mistrust. The impact of isolation in contemporary society is exemplified in “I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream” by Harlan Ellison and “The Outsider” by H.P. Lovecraft. The struggle to survive in a challenging environment has forced humanity to abandon fellowship and seek solace in solitude. I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream “I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream” by Harlan Ellison is set in an apocalyptic reality where five people are trapped inside a sadistic computer called AM. The narrator points out that they were “his belly slaves” (Ellison). Escape is futile given that the Earth is devoid of humanity and is entirely under AM’s control. The supercomputer intends to punish its captives for creating self-aware technological beings that destroy the planet. The story is a reflection of society’s facilitation of paranoia and isolation in the context of manipulated relationships. There is deep mistrust among the five people trapped in AM’s mechanical gut. In a way, this is equivalent to today’s society, where manipulation and dishonesty are prevalent. The narrator’s circumspection of his companions leads to isolation rather than communion even though they all face similarly harsh circumstances. Ted states that the others hated him, seeing as “he was the youngest, and the one AM had affected least of all” (Ellison). He chooses to spend eternity alone instead of suffering from his compatriots. Both paranoia and selfishness drive him to kill them, after which he justifies the acts as merciful salvat
Introduction In the United Arab Emirates, banking is one of the spheres that have been going through rapid development within recent years. Banks are enhancing their influence and widening the areas of their presence. Also, UAE banking has been a focus of academic attention. The UAE feature a combination of various banking systems that can be generally divided into two major categories: Islamic banking and conventional banking. The differences between them have been studied repeatedly. For example, Miniaoui and Gohou (2013) found that the conventional banking system had been performing better during a financial crisis than the Islamic one. However, the Islamic banks quickly caught up with the conventional ones when the crisis was over. Noor Bank PJSC was founded in 2007 under the name Noor Islamic Bank PJSC, but the name was changed in 2014 due to widening the number of services and not limiting them to the Islamic banking only. The bank provides a wide range of banking services to individuals and corporate bodies ( Company Overview of Noor Bank PJSC , 2016). For the bank’s personal clients, available services include opening and managing personal accounts and various finance programs for personal sales. For corporate clients, the bank provides corporate accounts, corporate finance, and a number of specific Islamic banking services that are in demand among companies devoted to Islamic financial operation. The bank recognizes the benefits of priority banking and provides priority accounts services. Receiving banking services from Noor Bank PJSC is possible via various channels, including mobile, Internet, and SMS. Besides these services, the bank is also involved in trading, insurance, and treasury services. Literature According to the Noor Bank’s financial reporting documentation, the company’s financial results and cash flow in 2014 were indicating a rather successful performance. The bank’s operating income from Islamic banking and sukuk (Islamic bonds) amounted to more than 895 million AED compared to 678 million AED in the previous year (244 and 185 million USD respectively) ( Noor Bank P.J.S.C.: Directors’ report and financial statements , 2015). Net income from Islamic financing increased 61 perce
Introduction This paper focuses on the needs of the staff, line manager, and executive management in regards to human recourse services. The main focus is in the department of transport in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. While concentrating in the transportation department, the paper looks at the priority of the needs of the three users in the airline. Further, exploration of the various methods of communication that are appropriate to employees at different levels will be carried out. Finally, the paper explains different key components of effective service delivery within the transportation department. Users of Human Resource Services There are three key users of human resource services within the transport department. These three users include the staff, line manager and executive management. Staff Members of staff have several needs to be addressed by human resources department for their smooth operations. These needs could include their satisfaction, as well as, training and development within the department. The members of staff are concerned about acquiring up to date skills. Their development to match the changing technology in the transport sector is of exceptional good to them. Therefore, the employees expect the human resources to go through frequent training to all the staff to help them improve on their skills and qualifications and be competitive in the market (Martin & Jackson, 2010). Line Managers The human resource services are quite serious to the operations of business managers. Line managers are members of management to whom the employees or members of the staff in the department openly report. Line managers have superior responsibilities in comparison to the other employees. Services that are important to the operations of a line manager within the transport department include solving grievances and conflicts that arise among employees (Martin & Jackson, 2010). The other is working on improving performance of the staff and the entire department. The other need of line manager would be to determine the human resource develop performance management systems. Typically, one of the roles of line manager is the daily personnel management and monitoring work processes (Martin & Jackson, 2010). This will a
Introduction Quigley (1998, 128) acknowledges the heterogeneity and diversity of cities within a given economy. He argues that cities in their diverse nature contribute to economic growth. The distinguishing characteristics of [urban cities have a significant contribution to modern economic growth. The production capacity in the economy is improved by the internal diversity of the urban economies. The article reviews the part that the traditional scale economies and diversities in the improvement of the economic growth. Quigley argues that traditional economies and their diversions enhance the effective utilization of the shared inputs in the economy and also reduce other costs related to the consumption and production of products. He also presents that there are improved “efficiencies related to the operations of the law of large numbers in the metropolitan areas” (Quigley, 1998, 129). He also examines the elements of heterogeneity and their role in conditioning economic growth. Main body Quigley explains that the study of cities by economists falls into four categories each of which has led to the understanding of the role of various cities in the growth of the economy as a whole. The first period marked the revolutionization of transportation to the urban centers of goods. The location of firms and households within the city was also a big challenge. The second stage formalized the location of incentives within the urban centers. The third period helps us to understand better the cities and this was referred to the New York City. The fourth period is the period of bursts of advancement in understanding the urban cities and their role in the economy. Metropolitan areas may achieve greater economic growth by mitigating the transaction costs within the economy. This will ease the trade between individuals and cities. The article generally tries to analyze the modern economic growth to the various characteristics of the cities. The diversity of the urban cities helps improve economic growth because the production of goods and services is made easier. The diversity of the urban cities then improves economic growth in many ways. The diversity of urban cities helps in economizing the shared inputs to ensure that the inputs are employed at the optimal level. The transaction costs are also reduced in the economy and this makes the economy operate more efficiently. The diversity of the cities is, therefore, a paramount factor that affects economic growth. Diversity should therefore be respected as a factor for growth in the economy. Conclusion This article shows that economic growth could be achieved through various factors that define the diversity of urban cities. Urban cities have people with different cultural backgrounds and they define the diversity of the urban city. Different factors also are homogenous to different cities. That is, they share various characteristics that bring harmony within the economy, and therefore economic growth is achieved. If the cities with different experiences are put together, then the economic growth will be improved because the economy requires diverse knowledge, sk
Introduction The following is a report exploring whether Unmanned Aerial Vehicles will be a better replacement for the conventional methods of search and rescue. The Unmanned Aerial vehicles, otherwise known as the UAVs, are one of the technological breakthroughs in the field of search and rescue. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are aircraft, controlled automatically by inbuilt computers or through remote control. Initially, they were for military work, but as time progressed, they now have a variety of uses such as search and rescue, fire fighting, and non-military security surveillance. This report will look into the dominance of the UAVs compared with other methods of search and rescue. It will delve into different methodologies used by UAVs in search and rescue missions. The report is about different scenarios in the field of search and rescue, how the use of UAV’s will offer a different contribution to extreme weather conditions, and ambiguous geographical locations. Finally, there are limitations and problems in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the field of search and rescue. UAV’S capabilities The UAV’s are dominant among the other conventional methods of search and rescue because of their performance and design. They have a design in a manner that they do not require a pilot to operate. Automated computers operate them through remote using gamma or infrared rays. The Unmanned aerial vehicles are designed to travel at very high speed because they are built using missile technology. They are different from the missile because missiles have a weaponry design and not meant for reuse. However, the unmanned aerial vehicles are built in a manner that they can return to the source. They have different kinds of capability depending on their manufacturers, but they have a minimum of two kilometers range and a maximum of over two hundred kilometers range (Singer, 2010). The hypersonic UAV’s are some of the most efficient unmanned aerial vehicles with a capability of flying over 50000 feet above sea level. They are capable of traveling at a speed of five hundred kilometers per hour and carry the weight of over ten tones. This explains their use in military operations as they can carry heavy weaponry for long distances compared to the normal aircraft (Singer, 2010). Convectional search and rescue methods The convectional search and rescue methods usually involve human beings. The most popular search and rescue method involves use of helicopters manned by human beings. These helicopters are hoisted with ropes of baskets, which the victim of the disaster holds on and then lifted safely. These manned aircraft
Introduction Monozygotic (MZ) twins grow from the same single-cell zygote formed from the fusion of one egg and one sperm. In MZ twins, the inner cell mass of the blastocyst splits into two during the early cell divisions and gives rise to two embryos that are genetically identical. The study of MZ twins offers fascinating insights that help researchers explore the link between the sequence of the genotype and the phenotype (Carey, 2011). Although MZ are genetically identical, they may have different diseases at different times, a phenomenon called -twin discordance (Carey, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to discuss how DNA differs in older and younger twin sets. The differences in disease risk during their lifespan will also be discussed. Finally, the implications of reducing disease risk will be addressed. DNA differs in older twin sets than younger twin sets Monozygotic twins are identical at the DNA sequence level but studies have found some phenotypic differences of DNA methylation and histone modification profiles that may be the results of different exposures to environmental stressors. This may affect their susceptibility to different diseases such as cancer or autoimmune disorders (Kaminsky et al., 2009; Fraga et al., 2005; Javierre et al., 2010). There is a prevalent epigenetic drift in monozygotic twins as they advance in age (Fraga et al., 2005). Fraga et al. (2005) investigated both global and locus-specific differences in DNA methylation and histone acetylation in identical twins of various ages. Their results revealed that young identical twin pairs are essentially identical in their epigenetic markings while older identical twin pairs demonstrate significant variations in epigenetic differences in DNA methylation and histone modification. These differential markers between twins are distributed throughout their genomes, affecting repeat DNA sequences and single-copy genes, and have an impact on gene expression. Interestingly, variations in gene expression in older twin pairs were four times greater than those observed in young twin pairs. They also found that that these epigenetic modifications were more distinctive in older MZ twins with different lifestyles and who had spent less of their lives together; this emphasized the significance of the role of environmental factors in translating a common genotype into a different phenotype. In a subsequent study, Martin (2005) reported that epigenetic shifts in the aging identical twins could have arisen from endogenous stochastic mechanisms independent of environmental perturbations or could have resulted from such environmental perturbations. These results constitute the most detailed results of age-associated epigenetic alterations in MZ twins of human subjects. In the same breath, Talens et al. (2012) conducted a study to investigate the occurrence of epigenetic changes over the adult lifespan in monozygotic twin pairs (N=230, 18-89 years). They examined the global DNA methylati
Introduction Businesses are characterized with several processes that lead to delivery of specific products for a given market. Some of the most common business processes include accounting, manufacturing, human resource management, sales, and marketing. Executing each of these processes requires accurate information that is used to make decisions. Given the large volume of information generated by various business processes, companies have to invest in management information systems in order to improve their efficiency and competitiveness. This involves acquiring “a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate, and efficiently manage departments within organizations”. This paper will discuss the various types of management information systems that are used by businesses. Transaction Process System (TPS) A TPS is an information management system that is used by businesses to collect, process, store, and retrieve transaction data. Generally, a TPS is used to process the data that is required to update the records about the operations of a business. It supports the routine business activities, which enable firms to improve the value of their products or services. For instance, most companies use a TPS to conduct activities such as order entry, payroll processing, and inventory control. A TPS that leads to value addition contributes to the success of the organization. An effective TPS should accomplish the following objectives. First, it should process the data used in transactions or generated by transactions such as selling products, processing orders, and billing customers. Second, a TPS should enhance the degree of accuracy and integrity of the data used in transactions to avoid losses. Third, a TPS is expected to produce relevant reports in time to enable managers to make timely decisions. Finally, a TPS is expected to improve labor efficiency and service provision by automating various transactions. A TPS that achieves these objectives enables the company to improve its competitive advantage through value addition. Management Information System (MIS) MIS can be understood by defining its three components separately. Management refers to the process of initiating, planning, organizing and contr
Introduction John Stuart Mill and Charles Darwin can be regarded as the thinkers that shaped the intellectual history of the nineteenth century. To a great extent, they profoundly influenced people’s views on the origins of life, the transformation of society and the behavior of an individual within the community. This paper is aimed at discussing Mill’s work On Liberty and Darwin’s book On the Origins of Species. In particular, it is necessary to discuss the degree to which the ideas of these scholars are consistent with cultural and intellectual trends that emerged in the nineteenth century, for instance, positivism, Marxism, and existentialism. Furthermore, it is vital to show whether one of these thinkers proved to be more farsighted. These are the main questions that should be examined. On the whole, it is possible to say that these works reflect the principles of positivism; moreover, they profoundly changed many areas of study, for example, biology, political science, or even psychology. Mill and Darwin are equally important for the development of modern science and philosophy; however, they have often been misapplied and misinterpreted by other people. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. The relation of Darwin’s and Mill’s works to cultural and intellectual trends It is possible to say there is a common theme that these thinkers explore. In this case, one should focus on the process of transformation. Charles Darwin (2003) examines the changes that living organisms undergone in order to adjust to natural environment. In particular, this scientist attempts to show that species acquired certain physical or behavioral characteristics during many hereditary modifications that were necessary for adapting to the environment (Darwin, 2003, p. 97). In his turn, Mill focuses on the transformation or evolution of human societies in the course of history. In particular, he argues that some of the societies became sufficiently advanced in order to limit the authority of rulers (Mill, 2010, p. 5). Moreover, such people believe that they are competent enough to control of their own lives. Such individuals do not have to be “protected against their own will” (Mill, 2010, p. 6). Furthermore, despite their differences various societies tend to gravitate toward the democratic form of government. However, there are several important distinctions that should be considered. In particular, Darwin describes the evolution of species as a form of adaption to various external forces. However, he does not say that this process is inherently good or bad. In contrast, Mill believes that the transformation of societies can be compared to progress or improvement. These are the main details that should be taken into con
Reactions of nurses from the two units The combination of the two units has implications for the nurses working in the two departments. The obstetrics unit is old in the firm and has been dysfunctional for some time since its location is old and dilapidated and requires renovation using financial resources. On the contrary, the pediatrics unit is located in the new buildings and it has the best facilities as well as services. Nurses from the obstetrics unit will feel relieved from working in poor working conditions that comprise old buildings characterized by inefficient and cramped delivery rooms. If the board of the hospital could resort to cutting costs by closing it down, all nurses would have lost their jobs. Therefore, consolidating the units would secure the jobs of the nurses. However, the nurses from the obstetrics unit would have to contend with the increased workload in the pediatrics unit. On the other hand, the nurses from the pediatric unit are faced with much workload as compared to their counterparts from the obstetrics unit as the unit is newly established in a new wing of the hospital. The emergency section in the hospital is one of the two in the city and it serves patients coming from up to four states. Therefore, the workload for the nurses in the unit is much, and merging the two could ease the workload. The departmental heads from both units will feel relieved with their feeling reflecting the feelings of the nurses. For instance, the departmental head of nursing in obstetrics feels that he or she can be relieved from working in a poor working environment. On the contrary, a departmental head of the pediatrics unit can feel that the workload will be reduced since he/she has a helper. On the contrary, the head in the pediatrics unit may feel insecure about his job especially when there is no position for his counterpart from the obstetrics unit. Communication Plan A communication plan entails a description of the objectives of the board of management for the facility. The communication plan for the merger project is outlined below. Subject: Merger of the Obstetrics and pediatrics units in a community hospital. Objectives This project aims at merging the obstetrics and pediatrics sections of the community hospital into one. This follows increasing costs of running the facility in poor working conditions of cramped and inefficient labor and delivery rooms. This means that the obstetrics unit will be closed down with the facilities and human resources being moved to the pediatrics unit. The effectiveness of the merger would involve the establishment of the facilities and the human resources in the two facilities as well as establishing the role of