ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It would be fair enough to state that translation in its practical use appeared together with the appearance of the mankind. Not only finding the lexical equivalents, but also interpreting one’s thoughts and ideas, and conveying the meaning of different signs were the tasks of translation at that time. Nowadays the process of translation is even more complex, and simply knowing two languages does not make one a translator. What is more, with the development of the humanity, more and more translation problems occur, and the number of skills needed to translate is increasing constantly. As it can be seen, translation is realized by humans and for humans, which means that these two notions are inseparable. For this reason, the interdependence between the translation and anthropology, the study of humans, is hard to overestimate. Indeed, one of the fundamental tasks of anthropology is understanding different cultures, which “inevitably involves either the translation of words, ideas, and meanings from one culture to another, or the translation to a set of analytical concepts” (Rubel, 1). This means that translation in all its forms is crucial for anthropology. On the other hand, translation cannot exist separately from anthropology; knowledge of the cultural background is as important as knowledge of language grammar for a good translation. That is why, the translator’s practice is always connected to the anthropological studies. However, despite the interdependence of the two disciplines, there was a period in history, when anthropological ideas and translator’s principles encountered. Specifically, the post-modern anthropology denied the possibility of effective learning about other cultures. For instance, the post-modernist ideas in the field of anthropology were based on the opinion that “anthropology could recognize, respect, and celebrate differences between cultures, only, it appears, by effacing differences within cultures” (Coombe, 191). In other words, postmodernist anthropologists defended the point of view that any attempt to learn and understand other culture is destined to fail, as far as there is no way of comprehending the other culture other than being a part of it. This excluded the traditional need for translation, in which the attempts to understand cultures were crucial. Thus, such tendencies in the anthropological theory had a great impact on the development of practical translation patterns. It may seem that the occurrence of the mentioned ideas in anthropology decreased the importance of translation. Indeed, if the scientists focused on studying a local culture, there was no more need t
Introduction The aim of this report is to look into the process taken to terminate the employment of an individual from Safaricom Corporation following the right procedures (Lewis 96). By examining information provided by the corporation on the recent termination of ten employees from different departments, the report describes the distinctive features between fair and unfair dismissal of workers within the organization. The report also considers the importance of conducting exit interviews for both parties and the main steps to be followed by the company in managing redundancies among the employees. Fair and Unfair Dismissals A fair dismissal involves the elimination of a worker from employment according to the laws of the company, which can occur with or without notice. The laws necessitate that a reasonable explanation for the dismissal is given. For a fair dismissal, the disciplinary procedure leading to the termination of employment must conform to the values of fairness and justice (Vettori 209). In any case, the workers should receive a fair dismissal on grounds relating to the person’s qualifications for the job, their conduct, or constitutional view regarding the cause of dismissal. For instance, Safaricom Limited Company has a clear phone use policy that prohibits the employees from using their handsets devices during work hours. Jane, a customer care employee, was dismissed without notice when she was found using her cell phone to chat with her boyfriend instead of serving the customers. On the other hand, unfair dismissal occurs when the worker’s employment is terminated unjustly. Such a dismissal does not comply with the terms and conditions set in the employment’s contract and government regulations (Chelliah and D’netto 483). For example, if there was no clear and concise policy on the use of phones in the corporation, Jane could have taken legal action against Safaricom Limited for unfair dismissal. Importance of Exit Interviews to Both Parties The exit strategy from employment must follow a strategic approach as per the standards accepted in all organizations in order to prevent the abuse of employee’s rights. Exit interviews are assessments conducted by the management with the worker(s) who are sent-off from an organization. They are carried out by selected personnel from the company or a third party so as to encourage honesty and transparency during the exercise (Dingwall 305). Conducting exit interviews is vital for the corporation and the ex-employee. These interviews provide an opportunity to discover the strengths and weaknesses of the company’s management. This discovery assists those in charge of the corporation to know how they can satisfy and retain their workers. On the employees’ side, the interviews help them get honest explanations on why
Curriculum Documentation and Origins I will be analyzing the Read 180 curriculum which is a reading program. For the standards I will use the Virginia Standards of Learning test and Scholastic Reading Inventory (SRI). There are various types of documentation made about the program. The first is peer-reviewed sources which include books, articles, internet sources and various scholarly materials where publishers have included the contributions from many experts in the field before deciding to publish it. The national level sources are also present and are available for the audiences around the nation. There are also publisher/developer evaluations. The other types of documentation include quantitative data, quantitative investigations about the subject and various convincing evidences. There are four approaches that are considered so as to match the standards and they include, the reading curricula, instructions assisted by the computer, the methods that aim at providing the teachers with more professional knowledge so as to understand some given instructions and methods that bring together instructions of large and small groups using computer activities. The documentation about Read180 is well put and it enables the readers to fully understand the concepts behind it and the goals and objectives that it strives to reach. Read 180 is a scholastic program which was developed by the educators at the University of Vanderbilt in conjunction with the Orange County of Florida and those from various public schools. It was then implemented in 1999. The prototype was developed by the Peabody Learning Lab which is in Vanderbilt University and Dr. Hasselbring Ted. At the moment, Scholastic is its marketer. Read 180 is a program that was after more than twenty years of research based on scientific knowledge and the assistance of a group of well known and acknowledged experts in the field of adolescent literacy and researchers that dealt with reading problems. It was after intense research on the issue of reading problems that the Read 180 was developed. The Curriculum Proper This reading program was designed so as to respond to an educational problem th
This brief aims to set the stage for the implementation of saline water treatment technology in bores of Cape York, Queensland. Engineers without Borders partners with Australian and New Zealand universities to motivate students to participate in the annual EWB Challenges. In 2020, the Challenge is meant to be implemented in the Cape York area. Its main goal is to provide a sustainable living for Cape York local communities, including Indigenous people ( 2020 EWB challenge design brief , 2020). Cape York area has 15 catchment regions that provide water to the population ( Cape York water atlas , 2020). However, bores collecting water from underground sources began to pump out more saline water and could no longer provide local communities ( Design area 5: water management , 2020). Therefore, the population of regions where bores are the primary source of freshwater needs to introduce saline water purification technology. Installation of membrane filters can be one of the aesthetic and straightforward solutions. Background on EWB Challenge The EWB program is an educational initiative to support the development of engineering thinking among students in Australia and New Zealand. Since 2007, when the first EWB Challenge started, more than 100,000 students took part in EWB Australia’s engineering educational programs ( Over ten years of engineering education , 2020). The main advantage of the EWB Challenge is to provide students with the opportunity to develop engineering skills through engaging with authentic, real-world projects aimed at introducing positive change in communities. The 2020 EWB Challenge works in partnership with the Center for Appropriate Technology. CfAT non-profit organization supports Australian communities and Traditional Owners who live in Wthe Cape York and other remote regions ( Our story , 2020). Selected Challenge Project The EWB challenge this year is set in the Cape York region. This design brief will focus on the Water treatment system project for saline bores in Design Area 5: Water Management ( Design area 5: water management , 2020). Background on Cape York Region The Cape York region is a sparsely populated area of Far North Queensland with a unique climate, geography, and culture. It has 15 catchment regions covering almost the entire area of ​​the region and managing the surface waters. Part of Traditional Owners’ culture is respect for land and water, which helps preserve high biodiversity and vast relatively-undisturbed landscapes. Flow regimes in many catchments are undisturbed, with many river systems and wetlands remaining in pristine condition ( Cape York water atlas , 2020). Cape York has a few urban and community centers, mining, grazing, agriculture, and tourism activities. Water supply in the region is legally regulated by the state Water Act 2000, which sets out water management plans ( Cape York water atlas , 2020). The latest government initiative is the Great Artesian Basin and Other Regional Aquifers Water Plan 2017, developed following the mentioned law. Notably, th
Introduction By the year 2018, fentanyl (a synthetic opioid) over-dosage is expected to become one of the leading causes of death among middle-aged adults (especially males) in the US. This provides us with the strong rationale to refer to the concerned issue in terms of a “pandemic” and naturally calls for the creation of the community-based prevention program. In 2016, there have been registered 64.000 deaths in the US due to drug overdose – a staggering increase by 20% from what accounted for the drug-related mortality rate in 2015. Partially, this situation is reflective of the dramatically amplified recreational popularity of what is commonly termed as the synthetic opioid drugs across the nation – the development that took place throughout the last five years. Among them, the most popular/widespread is fentanyl – the “chemical” analog of heroin, which can be produced and smuggled with comparative ease. As Worley (2017) noted, “Drug deaths involving fentanyl more than doubled from 2015 to 2016… (this accounts for) an epidemic of drug overdoses that is killing people at a faster rate than the H.I.V. epidemic at its peak” (p. 16). As it can be inferred from the chart above, the rise of the concerned drug’s recreational usage has reached nothing short of an exponential momentum, which means that something needs to be done quickly to bring the situation under control. My presentation aims to contribute towards enlightening policymakers as to how they may go about tackling the described issue. Fentanyl   * Fentanyl’s recreational effects are similar to those of heroin and morphine. However, fentanyl is 100 times more potent than the latter two, which increases the drug’s appeal to both drug traffickers and users.   * Fentanyl is often mixed with heroin and other conventional narcotics and consumed without the would-be affected individuals being aware of it. This significantly expands the population of individuals who can fall victims to the drug in question.   * Fentanyl is a “versatile” narcotic – it can be taken intravenously/as a pill and smoked.   * Fentanyl is much more addictive than heroin, which is why it proves quite impossible for those who have tried this drug even once not to become strongly hooked on it.   * As of today, there are no universally adopted ther
Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder is a condition that affects persons’ behaviour and social interactions. When children are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, parents can experience pressure and stress. This condition can have a physiological impact on family members. The purpose of this study is to examine how Autism Spectrum Disorder affects the mental health of children and their parents and to determine specific factors that work as barriers for parents while seeking assistance in the United Kingdom. The qualitative systematic literature review of twenty articles was conducted to address the aim. The findings demonstrate that parents can suffer from anxiety, stress, depression, and changes in their physical health along with their children. Furthermore, access to care is limited for parents because of social isolation, stigma, financial issues, and the lack of education regarding the problem. Introduction and Background Introduction Focusing on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the United Kingdom, it is important to pay attention not only to the physical and psychological state of children who suffer from this disorder, as well as on their social adaptation, but also on the effects of ASD on parents of these children. Parents face many barriers and challenges when they interact with their children having ASD and seek support and assistance (Ekas, Pruitt & McKay 2016). Additionally, many parents are not satisfied with the care and help that are provided by healthcare professionals, authorities, or social workers (De-la-Iglesia & Olivar 2015). Being affected by stress associated with coping with ASD, both children and their parents experience certain problems. It is possible to speak about the physiological impact of ASD on children and their parents in the UK, and the detailed examination of this issue is required. Background The term Autism Spectrum Disorder or ASD covers many different conditions observed in children and adults that are associated with challenging social interactions and behaviours, as well as problems with communication and speech (De-la-Iglesia & Olivar 2015; Jang et al. 2011). In the UK, ASD has affected more than 700,000 people, and this number tends to increase (Crane et al. 2016). Therefore, it is possible to speak about ASD as a significant issue related to the public health. The problem is that ASD can have the physiological impact not only on children who suffer from this disorder but also on their mothers and fathers who interact with these youngsters (De-la-Iglesia & Olivar 2015; Ekas, Pruitt & McKay 2016; Falk, Norris & Quinn 2014; Jang et al. 2011). However, in spite of the fact that some recent studies are focused on describing atmospheres in families with children having ASD and analysing parents’ experiences and possible challenges and psychological reactions to
Introduction Recruitment and Selection are processes of hiring new employees. The two run hand in hand. Generally, recruitment involves an organization recognizing and acknowledging that it needs to fill a certain vacant or yet-to-be-vacant position within its hierarchy. The company then advertises the vacant position, describing what it entails and the qualifications required of the potential candidates. The main purpose of recruitment is to, amongst others: create a pool of talent from which to select the best candidates; determine the organization’s present and future needs and requirements in relation to its personnel planning and activities for job analysis; ensure successful selection rate; and to meet the social and legal obligations of the organization regarding workforce composition (Spector, 1997). Then selection involves picking out one or a number of applicants who satisfy the qualification requirements (Spector, 1997). Ultimately, recruitment is a crucial step towards getting a suitable candidate. It is therefore important to conduct effective recruitment and selection of right candidates. One such way is through use of ‘psychological contracting’. ‘Psychological Contract’ generally refers to the individual perceptions or beliefs in relation to the reciprocal obligations between the organization and the employee (Knights & Kennedy, 2005). It does influence the behavior and attitude of an employee towards his/her job and organization. A number of theories have been presented to explain psychological contract: Motivation theory, Expectancy theory and Equity theory (Knights & Kennedy, 2005). It is important that both parties share clear perceptions on what their obligations to each other are. This helps the employees not to over-expect and later feel let down by their organization when any such expectations are not met. And it helps the employer to decide if a candidate is suitable or not based on such expectations. Those with bigger expectations than the employer can meet would not be suitable even if they are qualified enough. The employer can partly make known expectations clear in any of the seven elements of recruitment advertising. With focus moving from the size of workforce to the output of the available workforce, many organizations and companies have adopted psychological contract strategies. One such company is ASDA, a supermarket chain. This paper takes a more detailed look into these elements of psychological contracts in an effort to answer the prime question on which this paper is based, and how these elements are at work in ASDA. Psychological Contract As already briefly mentioned, the main purpose of recruitment is to recruit and identify suitable candidates. Therefore, it i
“Sadler’s nibble bar clean winner” Capital Structure Attention in the Case The question of the capital structure in the current case study is considered not much. The only information, which can be got from the given information, is that the owner of the invention had input $30,000 and has some overdraft, the sum of which is not mentioned. The company is just developing and is not ready for the investments for now, but the time, when it will be ready, is soon. The company has started its development in 1996, and already has four staff and one agent. Overdraft Question Reference to an overdraft interpretation. How is this likely to be secured? Is it going to be large or small amount? Considering that the company is a small one and on the stage of its development, the overdraft is the normal state, but the amount of it should be small as the inability of the company to have investment may lead to the fact that it will not be able to cope with the debt. The absence of financial input and overdraft holds the company back, but the documentation is almost ready, and the company will become investment ready. The Capital Structure Choice Even though financial information is limited, one shall try to identify issues that might emerge in respect of the different explanations for capital structure choice discussed in the said case. Despite the limited information about the Nibble Bar, the data may be gathered that the capital structure choice, which was used, was dictated by several factors. First, the innovation is not so popular, because of the absence of advertising (the limited budget). Second, the innovation may be considered useless from the first time, moreover, the documentation is not ready and there may not be any investment. Third, starting the idea development, Sadler had nothing but the idea, without being sure in the successful conclusion of the affair, so personal assets were used. The overdraft is also understood, as banks do not trust the company, without any guarantors or steady income. “Just screening for success” Personal Loan as Opposed to Business Loan Mr Muggleton negotiated a personal loan for $30,000 as the responsibility before the business loan would have pressed the business owners and could have led to the pressure on the business run, which could have led to the business close. Moreover, the bank could refuse Mr. Muggleton a loan. Moreover, putting personal costs is the additional stimuli for the owner to develop business faster and to return the loan, without covering the percentages. The Reasons for Bank Loan Refusal Mr. Muggleton could be given refuse, as he did not cope with business before, and there was no business plan and other necessary documents and confirmation for a bank, to allow the loan. Moreover, the responsibilities before the bank may hold the business back as much money had to be spent on percentage covering. The Choice of an Investor or the Professional in the Starting Business Choosing the partner, Mr. Muggleton found th
The art of dance is primarily predetermined by its complex nature. Unlike music, or painting, where only one of the audience’s five – or, arguably, six – senses are used to evaluate the piece, dancing incorporates both music and visuals. Therefore, to convey an original idea, a dance must incorporate a unique range of visuals and a perfect combination of music and choreography. Because of the astonishing use of shadows, the incredible plasticity of movements and a thought-provoking, both rhythmic and enigmatic music, Moon can be interpreted not only as a solo dance but a witty commentary on emotions and life in general. The dance begins with a curtain being shifted on the side to reveal an ascending moon and a woman’s silhouette; along with the amazing visuals, the song starts, opening with a choir and then continued solely with the wind instruments and drums. The woman starts dancing and her shadow takes unbelievable shapes, reminding of a flock of birds, an animal, an old mountain – the list goes on as far as the audience’s imagination stretches. It would be wrong to claim that all the aforementioned mages are represented impeccably – instead, the dancer’s movements only drop hints of certain objects or phenomena being mentioned. F