ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Following the interest that your highly reputable firm has expressed regarding setting foot in overseas markets, it is prudent that we bring to your attention the organizations that govern international trade. In this respect, we hope to help you understand some of the unacceptable business malpractices in foreign markets. Moreover, we aim at enlightening you on how business conflicts can be resolved amicable through the assistance of global bodies (Bines & Thel, 2004). The world body mandated with the duty of overseeing peaceful operations of international businesses in the world is the World Trade Organization. Geneva is the headquarter of this organization that took over the roles of its predecessor, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades, which had become obsolete by the end of the Second World War. The organization tries to liberalize international trade by making foreign firms access markets in countries of interest. There are discriminations and negative perceptions that a foreign company may face in a new market. The organization ensures that all players get an equal opportunity in terms of selling products (Krugman, Obstfeld & Melitz, 2012). The organization provides advisory services to new companies regarding policies on business operations. Moreover, the organization offers mechanisms through which conflicts could be resolved. However, it does not have its own terms and conditions but simply implements already existing laws in the covered regions. These agreements are signed to make the trade process smoother. Such agreements are aimed at creating bilateral trade agreements between countries. Currently, Europe is a single market economy, also referred to as a free trade area. Due to the single market economy, states accepted to use a single currency as a means of exchange. Therefore, goods from any country within the continent can find markets in any part of the region indiscriminately (Dicey, 1993). Speaking of the WTO trade disputes, one must mention the latest case was between Coca Cola Company and governments in the East and Central African states. There were claims that the soft drinks manufacturer was using excessive carbon in the preservation of drinks. The amounts of carbon and other preservatives in these drinks, including caffeine were in excess levels. Consumers claimed that excess carbon could encourage the growth of cancerous cells in human bodies. WTO handled the situation, and a series of lab tests were carried out (Krugman, Obstfeld & Melitz, 2012). Although the levels of preservatives found in the drinks were a little higher, there was no cause of alarm as the claims that these components could encourage the reproduction of cancerous cells were invalid. However, the company later continued operating after proving credible. WTO has stated that one
Discrimination occurs when one is treated in an unfavorable way because of his or her characteristic. Some of these characteristics include age, race, disability, or even political beliefs. This unfair treatment is usually due to prejudice against that person. Discrimination can happen in different ways. It can be either direct or indirect. Direct discrimination refers to a situation where people may make assumptions about what people with some characteristic are able or unable to do. Indirect discrimination on the other hand occurs when unreasonable requirements are placed to disadvantage a person or a group ( Victorian Equal Opportunity & Human Rights Commission , 2012). In a social world, discrimination should not be tolerated. This stems from the universal principle that all human beings are equal. The religious viewpoint that God created man in his likeness emphasizes the fact that all people are the same. Any form of discrimination against another is, therefore, immoral and repugnant towards development of the human race. Most of religious teachings condemn discrimination and emphasize the idea that all men were created equal before God. The world we live in is a social one in which human beings interact with each other thereby sharing their joy, aspirations, and pain (Jeffery and Spencer, 2013). Through these interactions, life becomes worthwhile and bearable. Discrimination and all its forms make this bit of life to be challenging. Discrimination is, therefore, wrong because every individual has a unique role and contributions in society. To my mind, discrimination is also inappropriate because it breeds disunity and contempt. It cultivates a society lacking in cohesiveness and unity of purpose. People who are discriminated will seek to pay back what has been done to them if they would be given an opportunity. This breeds a vicious cycle of revenge and discrimination, which never ends. The peak of the slavery period in which blacks were mistreated and forced to work as slaves in the United States, for instance, only served to heighten the tensions between whites and blacks (Fanon, 2008).
Introduction According to Rao (2010) president Barrack Obama has exhibited different theorised leadership skills since he was sworn in as the 44 th president of the United States of America. Such include Charismatic leadership and cross-cultural leadership. He has also captured different leadership theories which include the leader-member exchange theory, contingency theory as well as team leadership theory. Of all this however, it his charismatic/transformational characteristics that seem to define his style of leadership more aptly. Of all American presidents, John F Kennedy is remembered as the most charismatic leader that the country has ever had. During his presidential campaigns, Obama was likened to JF Kennedy owing to “something rare and special” that the president possessed (Bennis & Zelleke, 2008, p. 1). Opinion analysts were quick to point out that there was a specific kind of personal magnetism that attracted people to the president. As charismatic/transformational leaders speak, they are able to woo strangers and make them believe in some kind of a shared meaning. Through proper articulation, they are able to create a vision that is shared by most people in an audience. Kellerman (2009) states that Max Weber was the first sociologist who a
Purpose Statement The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed report to the board of directors of GoPro about the planned launch of Karma Drone in the global market to help them in their decision-making processes in relation to the new product. Executive Summary Karma drone project aims at launching a new product, GoPro Karma drone camera, into the global market. The report provides a detailed analysis of the project in a way that will help inform the board of directors when making the decision of either approving or rejecting the project. After a brief introduction, the report provides a detailed analysis of the industry in which the firm operates. It then narrows down to company analysis in order to outline its capacity to undertake this project. The report then focuses on the project itself, looking at its benefits to the firm, how it should be implemented, and possible challenges. The report ends by looking at ethical and legal considerations that must be observed by the firm when launching the product. Karma Drone Project In the recent past, GoPro has experienced a number of challenges in its operations which have affected its profitability in the market. In the financial statements released for the year ending 2015, both the operating income and profit for the company dropped. The market is highly competitive and this firm is under great pressure to find ways of becoming profitable again. Its sustainability depends on its ability to deliver quality products to the customers in a profitable manner. It must understand the changing tastes and preferences of its customers and be able to develop new products that exceed customers’ expectations to ensure that they are always thrilled (Samuelson & Marks, 2012). It is on this background that the management of this company made a decision to come up with GoPro Karma. The new product is expected to deliver a high value to the company’s customers because of its unique features. It was developed following the feedback that the company has been receiving from its customers in the recent years. It enables its users to take aerial photos and videos with ease. The new product has been developed and the team has already tested it. The initial tests show that it is easy to control and it can cover great distance, which is in line with the expectations of the customers. The management has put systems and structures in place to ensure that equilibrium for this new product is achievable as soon as it is launched. It will help the firm to avoid deadweight loss 1 by improving economic efficiency in the firm’s operations (Samuelson & Marks, 2012). The report provides a detailed analysis of the planned launch of the new product that will help the board of directors make informed decisions. Industry Analysis GoPro Karma drone is about to be launched and the approval of the board of directors will be needed. It is normal that the directors w
It is necessary to mention that the need to identify the type of personality should not be overlooked because the information that is gained can be crucial most of the time. The fact that it can be used to determine strengths and weaknesses of an individual also should not be overlooked because it may help to get an understanding of what areas must be preferred. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was developed by Myers and McCaulley in 1986, and it is known as one of the most efficient approaches. It is paramount to note that it has proven to be incredibly useful and accurate (McPhail, 2002). I was able to determine that my personality type is Introverted Sensing Thinking Perceiving with a use of an online assessment tool. It is imperative to discuss the aspects to get a better understanding of unique traits. The first one that needs to be mentioned is Introverted Thinking, and it means that an individual wants everything that surrounds him or her to be logical, and of the factors that have to be taken into account is that they can see possible connections between different aspects. Such individuals are also good at analysis and are determined to perform tasks as efficiently as possible to make sure that valuable time is not lost. Extraverted Sensing is associated with the perception of the environment that surrounds the individual, and experiences are essential for them in most cases. The ability to analyze situations can be incredibly useful, and would help to become a leader. Also, they frequently learn from their mistakes and try not to repeat them in the future. The issue is that such individuals may get bored, and it is necessary to participate in activities that would help them to relax. Introverted Intuition allows an individual to understand how particular processes in the world occur based on his or her internal analysis. Such individuals can analyze the information that is relatively abstract to make it logical. Also, they may determine if any issues occur before others because of a unique way in which they observe their surroundings. The ability o analyze events that happened in the past may also be vital and improves the process of decision-making. Extraverted feeling is a function that is focused primarily on emotions of other people. The fact that such individuals are capable of understanding feelings of others should not be disregarded, and it may be considered as a valuable quality for a leader. Also, they like to help other individuals most of the time and enjoy the process. This function also helps one to determine the role in a particular situation, and it may be critical in case of emergency. One of the recent studies indicates that introverted individuals are much more capable of Laissez-faire leadership than other ones, and it is a factor that should be taken into account in most situations (Uusi-Kakkuri & Brandt, 2015). It is also stated that sensing types would accept such styles as transactional because their demand for encouragement is not as high in most cases. It is imperative to note that such r
DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) is an organochlorine pesticide most commonly used to eradicate mosquitoes from houses. DDT has largely eliminated Malaria from the USA. However, there are several hazards in the use of DDT. DDT molecules stay in air & water for a long and then spread over to other places easily. It not only kills mosquitoes but also affects other insects on the earth. It softens the eggs of insects which are mostly eaten by birds. Carson (1962) wrote in her book against use of DDT as it poses several health hazards to human life and other life on earth necessary to maintain normal ecosystem. It kills spiders, cockroaches, ants and all other insects. Birds may eat those poisoned insects and hence their health is affected. They may lay eggs contaminated with DDT particles. Environmental protection agency banned use of DDT in 1972. More than 100 countries adopted the treaty to eliminate use of organic pollutants, but, several countries were still found to make use of it. Several other interventions can be adopted to eliminate malaria and avoid growth of mosquitoes. The other objective was targeted towards strengthening the capacity of the health service in order to promote the actions of the community for intersectoral cooperation. It was mentioned that previous such control programs were rendered ineffective due to lack of participation from the community including advocacy from the relevant sectors involved. A nation wide awareness campaign was launched to impart training to the masses regarding the prevention of malaria and remedies to eradicate the disease. However, it was mentioned that this would not be an easy task due to the multilingual population, the multicultural dimensions within the community, low literacy rates, and a low interest exhibited by the public, as they seemed to have become adapted to malaria, and were actually not very concerned. It was a major task actually convincing the rural tribes, and implementing the precautionary measures to be taken. With previous unsuccessful-intersectoral programs, there was no difference in this program. A new dimension had to be taken, probably by conducting training within communities, instead of between the communities, for a more peaceful program. A malarial control and learning unit was to be established, which was to be used as a training center for imparting knowledge to the rural masses. It was proposed that awareness about malarial could be introduced in syllabi of schools, and information could be included in textbooks, thus making this a compulsory education for children. Similarly, communication actions through communication-based organizations, media coverage, and advocacy by community leaders would be used as tools in this malaria eradication campaign. This was a strong approach and could be effective means of launching a feasible campaign, as media, and community leaders, academic introductions, will definitely be effective means of dissemination of information. It was detrimental to initiate a new and improved malarial eradication program to take immediate, effective, and efficient remedial measures. The proposal aims in l
Introduction Nowadays, cultural agents play a critical role in the organization and have a direct impact on both individual and collective learning. Paying attention to these concepts is highly important since they can either increase the efficiency and productivity of the employees or not. For example, the workers, who were employed in the company with the laid-back leadership style, might find it difficult to adapt to working in the organization with the values such as respect for authority and punctuality. This fact implies that the management of the school or any other organization has to focus on providing effective orientation programs to ensure fast adaptation. Consequently, the primary goal of the essay is to analyze cultural agents in my organization, describe them, and understand their impact on individual and organizational learning. Adapting to work in the organization In the first place, my organization celebrates several holidays and ceremonies such as The Prophet’s Ascension/Leilat al-Meiraj, Ramadan, Eid-al-Fitr, National Day in the UAE, and Islamic New Year/ Al-Hijra. These holidays reflect specifics of the culture of the UAE and show that the company respects the customs. Speaking of common values and organizational structure of the enterprise, the punctuality is supported, and it is not allowed to be late without any explanation provided. When being late frequently, the employees will be charged with the penalty that is taken from their salary. Furthermore, absenteeism without a valid reason (sick leave, issues in the family, a sick child) is also not encouraged while being also being penalized. Nonetheless, apart from strict regulations, my organization rewards employees with a pay-for-performance approach, flexible hours, gifts, an employee of the month certificate, days off, company-branded products, and paid courses for professional development. As for the walls, they are decorated with different pictures such as landscapes of the UAE, portraits of authorities, and photos of employees. The workers are not prohibited from decorating the walls with personal pictures including photos taken from vacations. The management ensures that the walls are painted in time to make the office look clean and appealing. At the same
“If you follow Socrates advice you will have an unsatisfactory life. He does not arrive at any particular conclusion. You must accept that you are ignorant and can never know. One constantly strives for truth but never finds it. This makes for a frustrating, unsatisfactory life. You would have a more satisfactory life by simply accepting the beliefs and values of the society that you grow up in.” As long as philosophy exists different thinkers try to define the boundaries of human knowledge. Socrates’ strivings to understand the limits of wisdom present especial interest for the learner. Someone might consider Socrates’ position as far as the problem of human knowledge is concerned a rather controversial one, some believe that it lacks human sense; others suppose that it leads to an unsatisfactory life. As for me, I am inclined to think that Socrates’ views on human knowledge and truth are logic and reasonable. The Greek philosopher thought that people always strive for truth but never find it. This happens because of their ignorance. According to Socrates, people should accept that they are ignorant and never know. The only thing where they can be considered wise is their awareness of their own ignorance. The latter serves as a driving force for human wrongdoings. If a person did wrong it means, going by Socrates, that he or she knew no better. As for the philosopher’s own knowledge, he never called himself a wise person, as he understood that there are countless steps that a lover of wisdom (that is, philosopher) should take in pursuing wisdom. Socrates’ theory appeals to me very much. For several times in the course of life I became convinced in the fact that the more a person knows the more he or she needs to know. Once a person acquires some new knowledge numerous opportunities are offered to him/her to apply it. But as the scope of knowledge broadens, this person realizes more and more aspects of it that she or he is not aware of. Therefore, there exists a constant challenge for the learner who, if ambitious enough, strives to face it with flying colors. If this does not happen a person should not give up and should keep on trying to fill in the gaps in one’s knowledge. I do realize that one cannot know everything in the world but there are no limits to human striving for perfection. I do not agree with those who say that understanding of human inability to cover all fields of human knowledge makes people unhappy and turns their lives into frustrating and unsatisfactory. Personally I when face some difficulty in this or that field, try to do my best to acquire the necessary knowledge. Thus, my life becomes full of imaginary steps to go up. The more valuable information I get, “swallow” and “digest”, the higher I ascend the staircase of my personal development. And realization that I will never achieve perfection does not poison my life, but, on the contrary, fills it with a sense to keep on living. Nearly th
Introduction Suzan is a local traffic warden. Her duty as a warden involves the issuance of packing tickets to motorists in her geographical area of work. Her area of jurisdiction happens to cover the location of Duncan’s shop. The activities in Duncan’s shop involve delivery of commodities by his suppliers. There are, however, illegal cars parking behind the shop that hinders the delivery process into the shop. For this reason, Duncan approached Suzan and asked her to help him solve the problem of the people packing cars awkwardly. In their agreement, Duncan promised to pay Suzan £ 20 per week while Suzan was to make an extra effort and ensure that car owners who parked behind Duncan’s shop were given packing tickets. Suzan honoured her part of the agreement but Duncan refused to pay her after one month claiming that what Suzan had done was her formal responsibility as per her contract with the local traffic authority. Rule of Law There is a need to differentiate special duties from ordinary duties. When a person is carrying out duties which are considered normal no extra payment should be made to such individuals but in the case that extra duties beyond what can be viewed as normal duties are carried out then there is a need for an extra payment. This is well illustrated in the case of Harris v Sheffield United Football Club Ltd. [1988] (Harris, 2007, p. 357). Organizing a soccer match is a private activity in as much as it involves the public. The football club is entitled to ensure that the activity they are organizing goes on safely without causing any damage to the public or private property. They lack this ability and therefore will have to make use of the police services (Markesinis, 1997, p. 226). Arrangements have to be made for police officers to oversee that the soccer activities are carried out safely. It is significant to note that this is not part of what can be termed as their normal duties since the activity is organized privately. In as much as the police were providing security to the public a duty which they ought to carry, it should be considered that they were carrying it out in a private setting. Being a private setting therefore made their services special services which ought to be paid (Halson, 2001, p. 1). Application In regard to Susan, she is expected to issue tickets; it is clear that the issuance of tickets is part of her normal duties. It is clear that where the shop is located is part of the area which she is supposed to serve, therefore it is clear that issuing tickets to the cars packing at the shop is her normal duty and does not in any way constitute special duties. It should be noted that by the fact that giving tickets to the cars packing behind the shop will be beneficial, it should not be treated as a special services but in contrast her failure to offer that services is seen to inconvenience the shop activities which, arguably, can be viewed as failure of the county to offer the shop its due services for taxes paid. The parking of the cars cannot be viewed as a private undertaking in circumstances of this case. The shop owner is therefore not obligated to pay Susan as he is utilizing serv