ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The paper analyses four articles from peer reviewed journals and discusses various models and methods used in performing research. The articles analyzed refer to different areas such as effectiveness of online marketing, and others, Analysis and Discussion Jason (et all, 2007) have written about a study to examine how consumers’ use of online informational sources influences their behavior in traditional channels, offering insight into how consumers straddle the market space and the marketplace and make choices in regard to where to acquire information and when to terminate the search process. This study examines the differential impact of price and product information found in the market space, relating consumers’ information needs and information retrieval from OISs to three shopping related outcomes—purchase based on online infomediary referral or referred purchase, intensity of search in the marketplace, and online search satisfaction. Researchers have draw upon a large dataset of more than 16,000 new vehicle purchasers who reported using the Web for search related to their new vehicle purchase. The data for this study are drawn from secondary sources and based on surveys of new vehicle purchasers conducted by a leading market research organization. Two versions of the questionnaire were used with a different order of response elicitation in order to check for bias due to respondent fatigue or programmed responses. Sample was restricted to the vehicles make, model and trim where at least 25 consumers bought the same vehicle, resulting in a sample of 7,050. Both principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used for the calculation. Sanders (et all, 2007) has written about the effects of CEO stock options on strategic behavior and company performance. The authors report that CEO stock options engender high levels of investment outlays and bring about extreme corporate performance, big gains and big losses, suggesting that stock options prompt CEOs to make high-variance bets, not simply larger bets. The authors have reported that option loaded CEOs deliver more big losses than big gains. The authors used for sample frame, 950 firms listed on the Standard & Poor’s 500, Mid-Cap, and Small-Cap indexes in 1998 and collected data for the period 1992 to 2000. A lagged model structure was used and they adopted an approach that uses information on CEO stock options measured over a three-year period t predict investments in the fourth year. Financial data were drawn from COMPUSTAT and Acquisition data came from the Securities Data Corporation (SDC) merger and acquisitions database while Compensation data were collected from Execuomp. A set of dependant and independent variables were studied along with control variables. Crosssectional time series regression with random-effects models and generalized least square (GLS) estimators with controls for autocorrelation were used to frame test the hypothesis and frame the results. Viswanathan (et all, 2007) have used automotive re
Introduction Housing demolition and relocation in China and United States have long historical backgrounds. It has caused varied conflicts in the past due to the political dimension it normally takes. However, it’s the different ways in which the two countries handle the demolition exercise that separated them, at least socio-politically. Although the two countries have made several efforts to reduce the problem, the issue still remains pertinent to say the least. According Shi (12) US political policies as concerns housing and poverty are much better than that of China. This paper highlights some of the difference approaches to housing demolition and relocation in China and United States. The symbolic violence in housing demolition in China The spatial transformation of China’s urban areas created a much expanded phenomenon which involved “painting a big character, chai (demolish) on the walls of the old buildings” that had been earmarked for demolition (Chau 195). Although the signs have somewhat specific meaning with semantic message, its adverse impact is seen in the way it was presented and the actions that followed (Chau 197). In other words, instead of it communicating to the audience, the way it was presented made it a more brutal approach than one could imagine. According to John Austin (cited in Chau 101), this form of powerful message approach through writing, which he describes as ‘text acts’ is how authorities use writing to influence perception towards the intended actions. By doing this, the government decides to use this form of tactic to ensure they have a political upper hand in the demolition and relocation process. The government of China followed such warnings with brutal demolition and relocation of the house residents to other areas (Liu 179). In some cases, specific residents went as far as terminating their lives in an effort to avoid being evicted. US Approach to Demolition and Relocation In contrast to China, American government approach to demolition and relocation has been considered friendly, with adequate compensation given to the evictees. In this arrangement, riots were avoided at all costs, such that the kind of treatment given to evictees left them happy rather than sad as opposed to the China case. The political Difference The two countries’ political differences have been attributed to the varied approach to they give to the demolition and relocation process. In fact, some people would find it appropriate in describing the China’s approach as forceful eviction rather than relocation (Olds 218). While US have the democratic political system guiding every political action tak
What would be the first “concern” you have with this initiative? The initial concern would be the consumer value framework and attitude of consumers. The value associated with the consumption of the new brand of Coca-Cola is a major concern because internal influences such as psychology and personality of the consumers may impede the initiative. Who would be your target consumers? Why? Our target consumers will be the youthful consumers. It is advisable to target the youthful population who are easily influenced by the social environment (new arrivals). Youthful consumers attach a higher value equation to new products. When expressing the brand values of the Coca-Cola BlãK, the attitude of consumers is crucial (Abreu, 2006). In other words, attitude plays a fundamental functional role in defining the purchase behaviour of consumers. For instance, the US consumers are in a position to recognise the Coca-Cola brand quite easily because they have utilised the classic brand for over one century (Babin & Harris, 2009). The US consumers have a strong perception of the classic brand. The consumers’ attitude plays the ego, value expression, social and utilitarian functions in all the advertisements made by Coca-Cola. A strong bond is created between consumers and the Coca-Cola product when attitude plays a social function. It is necessary to change the attitudes of consumers toward Coca-Cola BlãK. First, the advertising messages should be formulated in such a way that consumers can visualize the positive attributes of Coca-Cola BlãK. Consumer learning of the new brand is crucial at this point. The latter is instrumental in attaining a utilitarian function. Second, Coca-Cola BlãK should be advertised as a valuable product so that the exposure, attention and comprehension of consumers about the new brand are enhanced. A value expressive function will be attained by such an advertising message. Finally, the adverting messages should be laced with the notion that Coca-Cola BlãK can help users to minimise cognitive dissonance. The latter is instrumental in attaining the ego defensive function. Coca-Cola BlãK is definitely a new brand in the market. Therefore, brand positioning is important. The uniqueness of this brand should be clearly and persuasively communicated to the market. In addition, its verifiable value should be known by the targeted consumers. Product differentiation for Coca-Cola BlãK is equally crucial. Other brand positioning strategies include developing a positioning statement, reasonable pricing strategy and identifying direct competitors in the targeted market. Evaluate the few ads for brands that have been endorsed by the celebrity. What is the effect of the celebrity’s attractiveness, likeability and meaningfulness on the customer perception of the brand? It is vital to mention that perceptions of consumers are significantly influenced by celebrities who endorse certain products (Choi, Wei-Na & Hee-Jung, 2005). For instance, celebrities are easily trusted by their followers. Hence, they are in a vantage position to sway the perception of their fans. Consumers’ perception
Background Fixed base operator (FBO) is a terminology that has been widely employed in the aviation industry in global dimensions. The acronym has been applicable in myriad airports in North America. The industry purveys fuel, plane repair, charter flights, and compound operations that implicitly make aviation authentic. This industry is an integral aspect, which has made possible for many communities to subsist; these include those ones in Alaska. The wave of airport building emerged rapidly in United States in the 30s and 40s of the twentieth century, Airport Business Solutions (2004). The structural construction of this edifice culminated into nearly 10,000 public use airports in the country. At many of these airports, small businesses were developed to support the needs of the flying public that increased with the growth in aviation. Initially, the FBO was conceivably a stumpy ‘mom and pop’ merchandise that was dealing in fuel, maintenance, aircraft rental, and as well as flight guidelines that were incorporated beneath one crown. The impression painted by these initial FBO, in a far-flung environment that depicts a civilization that had run downhill Ford LTD thoughtfulness car, vestibule that has an age old chesterfield, transaction machine, filthy lavatories as well as run down jumbo jet vending contraption, dirty bathrooms as well as run down airliner is now vanishing, yet it is something that all pilots go through. Present-day FBOs are departments of multiplicity of all-inclusive utilities, presented at a premium cost to usually well-heeled customers of organizations. The atrium is open sparkling; utility employees are well schooled in client tune-up protocols, and bathrooms are conscientiously spotless. For the FBO to carry out services in suburban as well as big metropolis, services offered should be highly professional and of elevated quality. Harangue lecture will present a broad overview of the issues that the typical FBO, administrative panels are compounded with and how diligence trends are varying in the commerce, Zaidi, Mahmood (1998)
Democracy is a word often used to refer to being ruled or governed by “the people.” Democratic societies base everything, crucial state decisions, control, and policy formulation upon the people. This is contrary to communist societies where everything is controlled by the government. Interestingly, even communist nations like China claim to be democratic. Democracy gives power to the people and not their representatives. It puts the interest of the majority and minority in public administration and gives no room for leaders to practice individualist and selfish leadership. The openness of democracy has many advantages and is the principal reason that has continued to push many nations to fight for democratic leadership. In the last decade, many countries moved from being non-democratic to being democratic. Considering this trend, it is possible to predict that all recognized counties in the world could attain democratic leadership, something that has been deemed impossible for centuries. Even though some Middle East countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, and Ukraine are still non-democratic, it is just a matter of time before they can become democratic. This is not an outrageous claim considering the pressure non-governmental organizations, and human rights groups in these countries have been putting on the respective governments to adopt democratic leadership. The fight for democracy in these countries cannot be belittled. Democracy ensures accountability of leaders (Mitchell 2). This, therefore, gives the people authority over public funds. They can question how their funds are used, influence government spending, revenue collection, and trade policies. Democratic countries also have good international standing, which enhances their trade ties with other countries. Generally, democratic nations have a better chance of achieving significant economic growth as compared to non-democratic nations. Non-democratic countries have tried so hard to maintain the status quo. Protesters, human rights activist, and the media face threats in these countries for voicing the need for democratic government. Many have been executed, others detained, others tortured, and others have been forced to flee the countries for fear of their precious lives. These governments resort to the use of uncodified rules to instill fear among the people and to make them submit to authoritarian leadership. Freedom of expression and human rights are vocabularies to these non-democratic governments. By refusing to allow free expression, they have succeeded, until now, in denying the people democratic government. Freedom of expression is pivotal in the fight for human rights and democracy. It gives the chance for existence of uncontrolled press, free flow of information, the sanctity of citizens’ opinion and embraces free speech. The freedom of expression is integral to other rights, civil and political. It is designed to support, pr
“The Way to Rainy Mountain” is a literary work that unites historical reports, folklore, and memoirs. The structure used for the narrative is unique and provides the reader with an opportunity to dive deep into the described events and try to experience the character’s emotions in person. The book contains three parts, which also appear to be the parts of each chapter that create an outstanding perception. Every chapter of the book includes three different fragments. “The Setting Out” part starts with a folklore description of Kiowas and their way of life. Then, the folklore part is accompanied by Kiowas’ historical background: for example, their tradition of “cutting their hair on the right side of the head” (Momaday 21). This part finishes with the character’s feelings, who recalls seeing the “earth as it really is,” which emphasizes the value of each moment in people’s lives (Momaday 21). The author combines the subjective and objective perception of the tribe so that the reader has the entire image and adds the spiritual part, where the feeling of a union with nature and its importance is highlighted. The chapter continues via the next part, “The Going On”. Here, the story of a man, his wife, and child and how they managed to avoid becoming subordinate to their enemies is told (Momaday 48). This story is followed by the historical reference to destroying a heraldic tipi. Then, Momaday emphasizes the beauty of nature in silence and the abruptness of a bobwhite’s call. Therefore, the sides of facing something unexpected are described from three perspectives, and the reader gets the complete overview of such sudden events. The same structure is followed in “The Closing In” part of this chapter, which finishes with the character recalling riding “into a bank of cold, fresh rain” on a hot day (Momaday 67). These memories about understanding his country through the image of riding portray how peculiar the character’s culture is. Overall, the perception of Momaday’s book is strongly affected by its structure. The frightenin
The issue of professional medical confidentiality is one that impacts both nursing theory and practice. As a medical professional working closely with others, it is my responsibility to treat them with understanding and respect, and to make sure that their medical records stay personal. The particular legislation outlining this need depends on the country and/or state a person is in, but the overall need to protect patient privacy stays the same. Local legislation usually outlines the policies regarding the protection, storage and accessibility of patient data to the common public (Maslyanskaya & Alderman, 2019). This field, then, is a big part of the usual practices a medical worker engages in, requiring its degree of competency and knowledge. Confidentiality allows the medical industry to protect the privacy of its clients, giving them an enhanced sense of dignity and autonomy. Additionally, the inability of third parties to access a person’s medical records without their permission can be used to safeguard their wellness from scams and other types of manipulation. As nurses, the responsibility to keep patients’ afflictions and worries strictly between them and their doctor is one of the profession’s requirements. In my own practice, I strive to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of my patients’ data by never bringing it up in a medical setting unnecessarily. The cooperation of nursing professionals helps the field as a whole to maintain a consistently high level of patient care. Demonstrated by research, the role of a nurse in the healthcare delivery process is used to ensure patient records are kept safely and securely, and the medical information is kept from being shared around carelessly. Reference Maslyanskaya, S., & Alderman, E. M. (2019). Confidentiality and consent in the care of the adolescent patient. Pediatrics in Review , 40 (10), 508–516. Web.
In ancient times, the reigning jurists and philosophers proposed natural laws, which later became paramount in deciding human behavior and conduct. These laws existed naturally. In fact, thoughts from our founding fathers are the fundamental basics of natural laws that exhibit in today’s life disciplines. The term ‘natural law ‘started in the Romans. Later on, theologians and jurists found the term applicable in theological and human psychological concepts and started using it heavily. These jurists and theologians considered natural laws to be the pinnacle representing a myriad of other jurisprudence laws, governing human conduct. Since then, a century over a century, people considered natural laws paramount in their world understanding. Of importance to note is that the laws remain as dense and unassailable as ever. Some theologians, professors, students and jurists believe that these laws are divine providence whereby, minus them, life contradicts. Therefore, a natural law school creates human behavior and conduct. Important to note is that this natural school of law forms the fundamental social norms and human behavior paramount in all genres of life. A natural law school is a superhighway through which people attain social values, expectations and goals. Both corporate, legal, science and business laws compose natural laws learned in the natural law school. For example, Newton’s law of motion applies in diverse technological advancements while, in business and economics, businesspersons find the law of supply and demand functional in transactions. The natural law school challenges human understanding and leaves the mind with a choice of accepting natural laws or denying them. Nevertheless, denying natural law amounts to jurisprudence failure. (Chloros, 1958, pp. 609-612). In the natural law school, natural laws depict nature to exist everywhere. Unlike positive laws, it is hard to criticize or mutilate natural laws. Although natural law school marks beneficial human behavior, no one can establish its foundation. In natural law school, the metaphysical substructure induces governing ideas, an ability to interpret certain laws and how to apply natural laws. Some scholars argue that natural law schools form true jurisprudence where observation influences the generation of facts. Moreover, the natural law school is the only avenue through which different institutions cohabit. When different human institutions rely on each other, there forms a guiding principle paramount to social stability. Consequently, jurisprudence becomes a social science, which serves as a preamble in the study of positive and natural laws. In other words, the natural slaw school behaves as a finale, summarizing large volumes of work done in the past. (Murphy, 2009, pp. 12-58). The natural law school provides jurisprudence that takes the place of natural laws. This is because; natural laws ought to exercise p
The real estate market is highly sensitive to the particular macroeconomic and political changes in the countries. The reasonable forecast of the market’s development or decline is possible only in case of multiple factors consideration. It is necessary to understand that only a few aspects may be determined as solely positive or negative – overall, all of them are interrelated and may provoke negative or positive impacts on the market depending on distinct nuances. Among the macroeconomic factors influencing the real estate market, the income dynamics, inflation, and exchange rates may be regarded the major ones. From the economic point of view, the impact on the real estate price is made by the balance between supply and demand. Wherein, the domestic macroeconomic tendencies may affect the supply and demand balance differently. Income Rates The average per capita income and nominal wages dynamics are a key element of demand that affects price formation significantly (Buckley, 2008, p. 2250). The income rates demonstrate the overall situation in the area of economic and business activity of population. For understanding the economy functioning, it is important to realize how the working places are created and liquidated, what percent of working force is employed, and how many people are qualified for the unemployment compensation. For the measurement of inflation, it is necessary to identify the growth of the income rates. In this way, the estimation of size and structure of population income on different levels of gross national product reproduction allows evaluation of inflation indicators that influence both demand and supply. Inflation Inflation, or the consumer price index dynamics, impacts the living standards as well as the nominal and real working wages ratio to a large extent (Lee, Lee, Lai, & Yang, 2011, p. 353). Inflation provokes the depreciation of savings and causes the rapid growth of prices for the consumer goods and services. It slowdowns the growth of nominal wages and provokes actual wages downfall (Aizenman & Jinjarak, 2014, p. 252). When inflation is out of control, it induces a complex of negative impacts on the process of the economic development. It is observed that inflation narrows down the motives for the working activities because it undermines the opportunities for the realization of earnings. In the context of the substantial price growth, inflation increases the social differentiation of the population and creates a gap between the groups of income recipients (Buckley, 2008, p. 2252). Moreover, it limits the opportunity for saving. The liquid savings decrease and frequently obtain the natural form, i.e. real est