ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The interview I have watched is devoted to the life of Arthur Shawcross, an American serial killer, who was famous for numerous cruel murders. Although most of his victims were killed in the late 1980s, his case still evokes a lot of debate since he is considered to be one of the most demonstrative examples of prisoners who were released without any warrant. What was the most surprising for me is that after twelve years, social and prison workers concluded that this prisoner was no longer dangerous even though psychiatrists warned that he was a schizoid psychopath–the diagnosis that made it impossible to release him even on parole. Although numerous psychiatrists evidenced that Shawcross’s report concerning his Vietnam experience was untrue, it still seems to me that releasing a man with this diagnosis was unreasonable. Watching the documentary “Interview with a serial killer”, I could not help focusing my attention on Arthur’s behavior. Since I was well aware of his biography and crimes, it was particularly interesting to me to observe his reactions. The first thing that leaps to the eye is his frequent blinking of blepharospasm. This term refers to any abnormal contraction of the eyelid and in most cases disappears without any medical intervention. However, in difficult cases, the condition is chronic and persists throughout the whole life. Although there is no particular psychological distortion associated with it, in some cases it indicates that the patient was subjected to home violence or had some other experience connected with sexual, physical, or psychological abuse. In the case of Shawcross, this detail is particularly interesting taking into account the fact that his voice is unemotional whereas his non-verbal expression is minimal. No matter if he is talking about his normal social experiences or murders, his voice remains unchanged. Besides, his hands and face remained unemotional regardless of the facts that he was reporting. For instance, when he was talking about the woman whose head he cut off in Vietnam his expression did not change. They say that it is one of the major indicators of psychological distortions, which is supported by the fact that the majority of maniacs are unable to express their emotions using verbal and non-verbal means. To reveal their hidden feelings, they have to resort to violence. The interview with Shawcross reminded me of the case of Jeffrey Dahmer–one of the cruelest serial killers ever. The similarity that was striking to me was connected with the manner of behavior of these criminals during the interview. Both of them were self-possessed, calm, reasonable, and rather eloquent. Any person who has no relation to criminology may think that these people are adequate. It seems especially strange when they start to talk about rapes, tortures, murders, and vivisection without changing the tone of the voice. In the case of Shawcross, several experts concluded that his reports about Vietnam (including confessions about cannibalism) are fake even though he believes in his tales.
The article “The Use of Salary Caps in Professional Team Sports” by Davies and the selected case “Avellino v All Australian Netball Association [2004] SASC 56” expose the alleged connection between sport and law. Sporting activities demand stringent regulations for efficient execution. It is from this context that the entire arguments emerge. The use of law to gain justice is an evident phenomenon in the realms of sport. While critically reflecting on the matter, it is crucial to note that AFL and NRL have adopted the use of Salary Cap to eliminate unfairness in sports with respect to payments, transfer of players, and participation (Davies 2006, p. 247). As stipulated in the article, it is important to argue that players should be compensated competitively according to their performance and the nature of contracts they assume. The core argument of both provisions is the aspects of justice in the realms of payments, contracts, transfers, and performance. This regards the as sport and law. From the case, it is notable that some systems are unreasonable since they act as a hindrance to the growth of players and their ability to sign new contracts with preferred employers (clubs). This provision augments the understanding concerning sport and law. Contextually, both factors have expanded the comprehension of various issues. Critically, the law protects various issues ranging from compensation disputes to unfairness noticed among some clubs. From the case provided, it is evident the aspects of training, contracts, and other relevant provisions should not deny players the opportunity to find employment/contracts with other clubs. This indicates how the law and sport relate (SASC 2004, p. 1). The viability of sport and its other provisions depend on the conventional and territorial laws. Critically, the aspects of pay are prominent in the article with various legal arguments fronted. These are supported by the case provided. Conclusively, what is important is that the two provisions (article and the case) have endeavored to enhance the comprehension of how sport and law relate in a decisive manner. Concurrently, the article and the case provided for this part enhance the understanding of various aspects of sport and law. This is a critical provision when considered decisively. Evidently, doping is a condemned act in the realms of sporting activities (RVBA 2001). Players are discouraged from the act through various means. In fact, there are stringent legal provisions against such scorching practices in sports. On critical reflection of the matter and other provisions of the course, it is crucial to note that the law discourages various aspects of unfairness during sporting activities. This is also evident in the case provided. The core argument in this context is that the law (in sport) thwarts all non-competitive acts in order to establish and embrace neutrality. It is notable that WADA discourages the aspects of inadvertent doping (Amos 2007, P. 1). Using illegal means to enhance performance is an improper act; nonetheless, the act is rampant among players. This provision augments
Introduction Pottery was created by the Egyptians from ancient times. It symbolizes a significant record and basis of analysis for realizing various ancient ages, but until comparatively newly, predynastic period pottery was less attractive for the Egyptologists. (Grimal, 1988). The research of pottery and shards of pottery have contributed extremely to the study of all stages of Egyptian history, but mainly the predynastic periods. Ancient Egyptians resorted to pottery in much the similar way we use contemporary kitchen jugs, and by investigating the pottery material, equipment, and form of earliest pottery, archaeologists have been capable to date sites in Egypt where there is little other confirmation. Of course, contemporary radiocarbon dating has been of considerable precious for setting up complete dates, but early Egyptologists such as Flinders Petrie appeared capable to expand chronological dates for predynastic stages mainly based on pot splinters. (Grimal, 1988). Features and classification The pottery of predynastic Egypt was often of amazingly high quality. The pottery of the Badarian period was made without the use of a potter’s wheel, and it was usually the woman who turned out the pottery. These beautiful pieces were polished to a shiny finish and fired leaving a black upper section and lower, deep red section. They were perhaps fired in either open bonfires or very primitive ovens, but stay some of the most astounding pottery ever created in Egypt. From the Naqada period (4,000 – 3,000 BC) until the dynastic epoch, unguided paintings were supplementary to the pottery portraying animals, models, boats, and human shapes. (Baumgartel & Baumgartel, 1970). As for the presented pot, it comprises all the mentioned above features. It is perfectly made and pictured. It is dated by the Naqada II period. This style of hand-made decoration depicts the belonging of this pot to the middle Naqada II period. And it is necessary to mention, that exactly this pot at the moment is stored in the Louvre Museum devoted to ancient Egyptian history, and in the Naqada II in particular. The ship theme depicts, that it belonged to a fisher, or someone, who was closely related to the sea. It can be seen that it has been manufactured without using the potter’s wheel. Most probably it was used for storing freshwater,
Uniform Determination of Death Act Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) is a document that was established in 1981 by the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The central aim of the act was to establish the legal standard (for all states) for death using neurologic criteria (DNC) (Lewis, 2020). It means that the procedure for legal declaration of death is unified for the whole country by precise neurologic criteria. The Act provides two definitions of when a person can be legally declared dead. The first one is “an individual who has sustained irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions”, and the second one is “irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem” (National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, 2009). The first definition is the most common situation when death is declared. In this case, the heart has stopped functioning, and (or) an individual is not breathing. The second situation refers to the stop of brain activity, even though other organs are still functioning. Within the context of faith, physical death is not considered as the end but instead as the beginning of a new life. Some people will experience face-to-face communication with God, as a reward for faith. Thus, death in the context of faith is viewed as a blessing and a hope for a new eternal life of the soul. Pain management faces some ethical challenges that scientists and philosophers are trying to resolve. According to the work of Carvalho et al. (2018), pain relief is a moral obligation. Moreover, medical schools are obliged to teach pain management on a mandatory basis. Lastly, preventing patients from opioid treatment is considered highly unethical. First, it is essential to consider both definitions (pain and sufferi
The beginning of the 19 th century was a tumultuous time for the United States. There was ongoing strife within the country and around the country’s borders. The Reigning president at the time was Thomas Jefferson. One of Jefferson’s most significant acts as president was overseeing the Louisiana Purchase. The “Louisiana Purchase is still the largest land deal in the US history as it involved a $15 million price tag in 1803” (Sloane, 2004). The transacted land amounted to over eight hundred thousand square miles. Jefferson brokered this deal through two of his ambassadors James Monroe and Robert Livingston. The idea to acquire Louisiana was conceived after the New Orleans port fell under Napoleon Bonaparte’s French territory. The port was of great importance to the US trade and its closure necessitated sending ambassadors to France. It was in this mission that Napoleon agreed to sell not only the New Orleans port but also the entire Louisiana territory. Before the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson prided himself in being a strict constitutionalist. However, this enormous transaction put a blemish on Jefferson’s record of strict adherence to the constitution. Some people feel that the Louisiana Purchase was conducted within the confines of the United States constitution. This paper will explore the arguments forwarded by both sides of the debate and offer a personal interpretation of the matter. The argument against Jefferson’s actions is always supported from various angles. Before the transaction was completed, Jefferson expressed fears that it would be deemed unconstitutional. Therefore, he forwarded a constitutional amendment that would eliminate doubts against the constitutionality of the transaction to senate representatives. However, Jefferson received advice against this process because it would take too long and Napoleon could change his mind within this period. Eventually, Jefferson opted to draw up a constitutional amendment that would give the federal government power to acquire new land on behalf of the people (Les Benedict, 2007). This amendment was ratified by the senate a few months after the Louisiana Purchase was completed. One of the reasons why Jefferson’s actions did not raise a storm in 1803 is because the citizens were pleased with this purchase. The argument against the constitutionality of the Louisiana Purchase is founded on the fact that the responsibility of acquiring new territory was not defined in the US constitution. The Louisiana Purchase had a huge impact on the US territory because it doubled its size at the time. The people who claim that Jefferson’s actions were unconstitutional argue that the constitution did not give him the r
Introduction During exercise, the human body produces heat, and the core temperature may be increased up to 104 degrees Fahrenheit or 40 degrees Celsius. Metabolic energy speedily increases, as well as the number of muscle contractions. Such physiological change can lead to serious health complications or even fatal outcomes. Therefore, in the body, there are several strong mechanisms associated with heat loss that is activated as soon as an excessive temperature rise is observed, and thermoregulation is one of them. Main body In the brain, the hypothalamus performs the function of a thermostat and controls the temperature in the body. As soon as increased energy causes high temperature, the body sends a message to the hypothalamus and receives an appropriate response. In many sources and discussions, thermoregulation is introduced as a natural cooling system of the body. The central nervous system is able to measure temperature and activate the necessary hormones to keep the body stable despite the environment. During exercise, thermoregulation occurs in four processes, including radiation (electromagnetic waves transfer heat), convection (air/water movement provokes temperature changes), conduction (physical contact transfers heat), and evaporation (heat is released as a gas through sweating). All these thermoregulation mechanisms aim to return the body to homeostasis, a normal equilibrium of physiological processes. Conclusion As a rule, physical activities result in sweating and losing water in large amounts. Therefore, it is extremely important to add some fluids during exercise. Such improvements can stabilize the work of the circulatory system, the heart, and the muscle movement, which results in body heat reduction and control. In general, the principles of thermoregulation during exercises are not complex, and every individual has enough opportunities to contribute to the normalization of temperature in the body.
Objectives The primary goal of this long-term plan is to address the issues that are currently present in The Clarion School for Boys, Inc., and to make sure that it keeps track of all the latest technologies that are necessary. Another essential aspect that should be noted is that it is necessary to increase the number of available PCs because it is evident that it is a cause of numerous problems. It should be said that it is a significant issue because it reduces the speed of most operations. Another factor that is worth noting is that the system has several strengths, but some aspects are in need of improvement. Analysis of Environment It needs to be said that several challenges that would prevent the implementation of new technologies are currently present in the organization. For example, it is paramount to note that Superintendent resists changes, and prefers approaches that are more traditional (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2011). However, it is evident that the efficiency of the current approach is doubted by supervisors, and they agree that improvement is necessary. It is likely that the implementation of this plan will have a positive impact on the environment in the organization, and it will be more supportive of new technologies. It is paramount to understand that it is extremely likely that new policies that are introduced or economic situation may have a significant impact on the business, and this factor should not be overlooked. It is paramount to take necessary measures to make sure that user data stays confidential, and this issue needs to be addressed. Information Technology Action Plan First of all, it is essential to ensure that technologies are promoted on the territory of the educational facility with a use of such tools as radio and posters. Also, it is imperative to make sure that standardization is considered, and software programs by one developer should be chosen. Another aspect that should not be disregarded is the normalization of databases because it will address such important issues as redundancy of data and consistency (Fong, 2015). Approximately twenty PCs should be purchased, and Microsoft Office suite should be installed on each one. It may also be necessary to update operating systems to Microsoft Windows 10 to make sure that the speed of operations is efficient and latest updates are received. Two trained professionals should be hired to ensure that no issues with hardware occur. An introduction of Wi-fi network is also necessary, but it is important to limit the access to make sure that individuals are not distracted. One of the facilities should be used to store valuable data to make sure that it stays confidential,
Introduction In any organization or setting where people are working together, a conflict is inevitable and for healthy relations among workers there has to be a certain measure of disagreements. However, the conflict is not a problem although how we deal with it makes the difference. Therefore, the success of any organization is not depended on the lack of conflicts but on the process applied to resolve them. While resolving employees’ grievances, it is important to give unlimited attention to their grievances and address the conflict effectively. This ensures that every employee is satisfied and comfortable with their job hence better productivity. This paper seeks to address the sources of the clashes, cultural issues contributing to the conflict, information required to deal with the disagreements as well as the best method of addressing the same. Sources of conflict In the case of the XYZ-Company, it is possible that the interpersonal squabble that is seen among the employees is caused by prejudice. The company has just merged with another foreign company in an attempt to access the global market. The conflict could be arising due to differences in cultural and organizational behaviors since the organizations had different working settings. Employees from the foreign country may feel like they are being sidelined in the decision making process for the management of their company has been taken over by the XYZ-company. Equally, the latter could be undermining employees of the acquired company by enforcing their rules and organizational. Cultural issues contributing to the conflict In such a case where two companies have merged to form a single company, there are a number of things that must be considered in order to have a harmonious transition. To avoid conflicts, the management must learn and respect the other company’s way of doing things. Acquiring a company along with its employees means taking over an existing social setting. Effecting change in the way people interact is quite a challenge. Employees from either of the two companies may want to feel superior to the each other hence giving rise to a supremacy contest. Another underlying issue could arise from the remuneration procedure. The two companies may have different strategies with regards to wages and salaries and a change in the pay package may affect the workers of the acquired company. The conflict may have been influenced by organization
Fortunately, nowadays everyone understands that all people are unique and can freely express their thoughts. However, when it comes to writing, people notice the lack of uniqueness or so called creativity. Many think that writers tend to copy existing styles rather than expressing themselves because they are taught to do so. Bartholomae and Anzaldua consider the issue of creativity and come to the same conclusion that writers should be creative, but the authors have a bit different attitude towards academic conventions. Both authors admit that the major point in writing is expressing one’s thoughts, ideas or feelings. Bartholomae and Anzaldua state that creativity is often suppressed by academic conventions. Writers try to follow the necessary formats rather than dare to create something new, unexpected and revolutionary. Academic world kills incentives by rejecting any novelties. Bartholomae and Anzaldua believe that writers should keep trying, developing their writing skills. Notably, Anzaldua compares writing with breathing, i.e. living, arguing that writers simply cannot stop writing. Bartholomae only insists on the necessity to practice since, according to him, only after many attempts writers will be able to achieve certain proficiency in writing. So, Bartholomae and Anzaldua articulate the same idea that creativity and academic conventions cannot go hand in hand. Nevertheless, both authors criticize conventions in different ways. Thus, Bartholomae does not reject the power of academic conventions. He only states that novice students cannot write in accordance with those conventions even though they try really hard. He claims that this trying is the key to the loss of creativity. Students lose themselves trying to copy academic style. Basically, Bartholomae praises academic style since it is concise and clear enough, so it serves to express any thought. However, he states that it is essential to educate novice students and help them to become proficient in academic style. Bartholomae stresses that teachers should not be too strict. He even admits that it is possible to forgive some minor mistakes and imperfections if the teacher sees that a student is in the right direction. For example, grammar mistakes can be forgiven while students are mastering academic style. Basically, Bartholomae only states that creativity can be suppressed by the desire to sound academic, but students can be taught to write academic papers without losing themselves. On the contrary, Anzaldua argues that academic conventions destroy creativity and make writers keep silence. She states that there are so many conv