ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Psychology is a scientific subject that seeks to solve social, emotional, and mental problems in human beings. The most vital areas in psychology are the training/educational qualifications, theories, which influence the field, outstanding persons who contributed to the subject, the current ruling theories, and other motivating factors, which propel people to take up the career. Nevertheless, gender bias is a phenomenon in the discipline of psychology that is still debatable. In terms of education, an individual has to undergo training for about ten years to qualify as a psychologist. Categorically, psychologists fall into three categories viz. psychiatrists, counselors, and clinicians. The three aforementioned specialists focus on the same field in the medical industry, but the education background and treatment techniques differ slightly. Therefore, anybody who aspires to qualify as a psychologist has to research on the education qualification of the above three specialists. The following discussion expounds on the important areas in psychology. Education and training of psychologists What are the education qualifications of a psychologist? The training differs depending on the area of specialization. An individual can train as a clinical psychologist, counselor or a psychiatrist in relation to his or her qualifications (Gray, 2010, p. 70). For instance, a clinical psychologist undergoes four-year training at the university level in a clinical environment (Hall & Llewelyn, 2006, p.10). The next level of training takes about five to six years until he/she attains a doctorate degree. Internship training follows the education training after, which he/she qualifies for a medical license (Cheshire & Pilgrim, 2004, p. 20). On the other hand, a counseling psychologist u
Introducction The hotel and restaurant business is a developed area in almost any country in the world, and many cities can offer a wide variation of hotels. Internet and online booking also made search and selection easier for customers, but increased competition among hotels. For this reason, the owners of any accommodations must offer unique and high-quality services to attract and keep customers. Islamic hotels that position themselves as places friendly to Muslims and professing the laws of Islam are trendy today. The authors of the article “The transparency of Islamic hotels” examine the correspondence of the status and information of Muslim-friendly hotels and the influence of this factor on their success. The results and research methods are consistent; however, the interpretation of the concept of an Islamic hotel by the authors and business owners is not revealed, and the discussion part touches on only one aspect. Summary The authors of the article explore the issue of transparency of information about hotels that self-represent themselves as Islamic. The lack of data on booking sites and its inconsistency with their official sites can affect the expectations of guests and their stay in hotels, leading to negative comments and loss of customers. The study of the literature related to Islamic tradition allows the authors to discover the features of the business model in Muslim countries, as well as understand the reasons why companies have a low level of transparency (Alserhan et al., 2018). However, the authors emphasize mainly on a research in which they compare the availability of information on the popular halal-friendly online booking service The Crescent Ranking (CR) and sites of top and bottom ten hotels. In addition, the authors use comments from Muslim and non-Muslim guests to analyze the impact of the informational lacks on the number of customers in general. As a result, the authors concluded that Islamic hotels have a low level of transparency, and the hotels with its lowest rate receive the most negative comments. Analysis of the Theoretical Base and Interpretation of Concepts The authors of the article devote most of their work to the study of theoretical issues related to the functions and construction of a business model of Islamic castings. For this purpose, they analyze the laws and traditions of Islam related both to eating, living, and social habits and to the moral principles that Muslims profess. For example, researchers emphasize that for Islamic hotels, the business itself should be a more important factor t
Team based organizations have made a great impact on management panels of most corporations. The system reduces benefits previously exploited by greedy managers who took them on behalf of workers who do all the work to ensure the company performs optimally (Auchterlonied 81). Research has indicated that compensation and offering incentives to workers and management personnel can help a challenged company regain its performance (Auchterlonied 81). In my point of view, reorganization of Nelson Company to a team-based company can help improve its effectiveness and cost management. Problems Associated with Team-based Organization Various problems are associated with reorganization of a company to a team-based organization. If companies continue using conventional methods in decision making, there will be no progress. In conventional methods of decision making, decisions are made from top to bottom. Such decisions are not realistic since individuals imposing the changes are not in touch with what is on the ground to determine the applicability of the incentives offered (Pizzini 344). Changes can be done to the top management of a company; but without effective communication channels between workers and management, such proposed changes remain virtual ideas (Pizzini 344). Another problem that might result when using conventional methods of decision making could be schemes used to compensate the Top Management Team (TMT) and disregard other subordinate staff. Some of the problems encountered during reorganization may include the subordinates not being familiar to the changes imposed in running the company (Wageman 150). In addition, it might be a problem coming up with mechanisms to ensure there is equitable distribution of opportunities among the new management team. Another incident that might be a problem to the management when initiating team-based compensations could be the nature of the task. It is important to determine how a task is beneficial before considering a group (Wageman 151). If tasks are not interdependent, they are applicable to individual compensations (Wageman 150). Setting up of group based compensation on tasks that are not interdependent causes massive destruction to the management and running of an organization (Wageman 153). H
Introduction Operating and managing a young business franchise often requires an understanding of a wide pool of business knowledge such as business management, opportunity identification, and business expansion (Ommani, 2011). Young businesses will have the opportunity to occupy new market spaces and new business locations only if they consider evaluating their potential business areas. Most of the American young businesses fail to consider undertaking feasibility assessments of their anticipated business locations before they make their ultimate decisions to invest (Ommani, 2011). When young enterprises ignore evaluating their anticipated investment areas, they often find themselves encountering financial losses due to their poor investment choices. This is because their financial stability, their market attractiveness, their marketing strategies, and their management capabilities often determine their survival in the identified new business locations (Goi, 2009). This essay analyses various business management and marketing elements of an American technical consultation company, the Vextec Corporation, to determine its feasibility in the Dubai engineering market. Part 1: The Marketing Mix of Vextec Corporation Perhaps one of the youngest modern companies that seem to come up with unique marketing approaches is the Vextec Corporation, which has recently attracted a lot of commercial attention (Tyson & Mathews, 2009). In marketing of its exceptional consultation services, Vextec has been very keen about mix marketing. According to Goi (2009), marketing mix is a tactical business marketing approach that utilizes the 4Ps paradigm of marketing. The 4Ps include a business place (business location), price (product pricing strategies), product (product designing methods), and promotion (advertising plans). In the Vextec Corporation, using an effective marketing mix is a considerable factor in the daily operations. One of
Alden Nowlan’s “Aunt Jane” is an interesting poem about the sad realities of old age. It is a short poem but even those few lines bring out the predicament of living a vegetable-like life which is not only hard for the person living it but also for the family members. Through this poem, Nowlan seems to argue that death is better than the life of an invalid. The very first line of the poem, “Aunt Jane, of whom I dreamed the nights it thundered” (line 1), seeks to associate Aunt Jane with scary things. It is obvious from this line that Aunt Jane was not a pleasant-looking woman but someone whose face was scary enough to cause a young child sleepless nights. This ghostly image of Aunt Jane is further reinforced in the second line which describes her as someone who “was dead at ninety, buried at a hundred” (line 2). Nowlan intentionally presents this paradox in the second line because most people are buried around the time that they die. The idea of a dead body being kept for a decade is so gross that it can elicit fear and disgust and most readers. In these lines, Nowlan deliberately tries to scare his readers in an attempt to get their attention. Once the poet has the attention of his readers, he proceeds to explain this scary image that he has painted. The next two lines not only reflect the mental demise of Aunt Jane but also the way her family members reacted to this loss of mental abilities. Obviously, an old aunt who had lost her mental abilities was an embarrassment to the family and had to be kept hidden upstairs. Also, Aunt Jane lived a simple life devoting her days to prayer when she was not eating or sleeping. Besides, her family also did not seem to invest too much time in her well-being, having all but given her up for dead. The fact that her food mainly consisted of “porridge” is a further indication that the family wanted to interact as little as possible with old Aunt Jane. But despite having this obvious revulsion to the old and dying Aunt, the family still seemed to feel some kind of attachment to the old woman. The fact that she was kept at home and not sent to some old age home shows that despite being uncomfortable with her presence, the family felt a certain sense of duty to the old woman. Also, the children in the house were asked to routinely interact with her so that she may not feel lonely. Yet, perhaps because of her scary appearance, the old-time the children really interacted with Aunt Jane was when adults took them to pray with her just before they went to bed. These lines make it clear that the poet ad no real wish to visit Aunt Jane but went only because it was required by the adults of the house. The situation also reflects the unfortunate situation of Aunt Jane. For most old people the children of the house are the main source of joy. But obviously, for Aunt Jane, in her old age, even
Introduction Every president of the nation is unique when it comes to the leadership styles that they are using to manage the state. They have their own level of intelligence, a sole mass approach and a diverse expression of passion to lead. Every potential leader has its own perception and ideas about the things that must do to accomplish a goal for the country where they are in. Leadership style can be an autocratic, democratic or laizzes-faire, when the need arises, for sometimes, those three styles is being used at the same time by the leader to follow the plotted plan for the population. Richard Neustadt viewed that because of the limited authority of the elected president, the leader is compelled to use his interpersonal abilities to implement rules and influence people (Preston, 2001). His description of presidential power stresses the ultimate significance of what he called personal presidency. The definitive presidential power lies in the hand of the existing leader and his actions are certainly being scrutinized. That is why, in the real world, the present leader of the nation can never be safe from comparing to the previous leaders when it comes to management approach. The people of the nation are the first line to be affected with how the president handles the state that is why they are very keen in evaluating the current president. Citizens also evaluating the leadership styles of the previous presidents. With that, they are seeking for the distinctions and resemblances that would play a big part to make their nation more successful. The Americans are trying to look for the character of the privileged if they are really competent and have the capacity to bring out the bacon for their country. As we go on with the discussion, comparison between current US president Barack Obama and previous US president Abraham Lincoln will be talked about, their differences and similarities with their leadership styles, and how it affects the perception of the people to put them in power and to become a president of their state. Discussion Which President do you feel your leadership style most resembles? The president that resembles most is Barack Obama because of his passion of being a democrat and being an agent for change. Barack Obama has also a huge heart for those who are unprivileged. He used to convey speeches that really play a big impact in every Americans. According to New York Times (2009), Barack Obama has been a font of cool confidence regardless of lots of difficulty that he has since he became the president of the United States. He really wants to have transformed the current government into its development. Barack Obama is one of the greatest people who actually practice democracy. He solicited guidance from his constituents and do consolidate the actual problems and plans to arrive with the accurate resolution. He adopted a
There are three main reasons to use offshoring in production: lower costs of manufacturing, employees with necessary skills and professional knowledge, and closeness to markets. The use of offshoring in the service industry has similar benefits, although the proximity of the markets becomes irrelevant to employees working remotely for the home market. However, offshoring can help employers to create a client support system that will be active and responsive at any time of the day. Moreover, the process of working on various projects can also be made easier with different schedules, giving employees from different time zones more work and more time. The main disadvantage of offshoring lies in various invisible costs. The paper examines the challenge of offering products of a higher quality while reducing costs and the possible mechanisms for successful services offshoring. The total costs of any organization include visible and invisible costs. While starting to recruit remotely working employees, one must remember about the hidden costs as they can significantly affect customer’s relationship with the business. Service quality, additional costs, customer retention, customer’s attitude towards the country of offshoring are often intangible or hard to calculate. However, they are important. For example, interaction intensity plays a significant role in customer satisfaction. It deals with direct and indirect customer contacts and is based on what and how the company can offer to its clients. Its first element is represented by service content, a tangible or intangible product that a customer can receive after a successful transaction. Here, interaction intensity depends on the clarity of the firm’s service offering and the customer’s understanding of personal needs and the company’s services. The second part is service processes which include production and delivery. Processes can be broken into steps for better control, and the sequence of steps can influence the outcome. Furthermore, processes happen in real-time and have deviations that make them unique. They can be standardized (low interaction intensity) and non-standardized (high interaction intensity). All processes can require explicit knowledge, such as skills and learned information, and implicit knowledge – beliefs, intuition, and perspectives. Interaction intensity is low for processes with explicit knowledge and high for processes with implicit knowledge. Three main types of processes’ interdependence also affect interaction intensity. The sequential model is easy to manage a
Introduction The major reason for the call to outlaw advertising of alcohol is its abuse. The term abuse can have various meanings from one section of society to another. For example, to a college student, drinking to the extent of vomiting uncontrollably is abuse. In religious groups, even a taste of alcohol is termed to be illegal. In a family setting, abuse of alcohol occurs when couples are in constant strife. Most societies have however illegalized underage drinking. According to a WHO Charter, all states have the responsibility of ensuring that all children are raised in an environment secluded from negative influences and consequences of liquor consumption. This includes the promotion of these beverages. For a better understanding of this, the agreement suggests that all states exercise strict control on adverts addressed to young people. Main Body However, reports from the U.S and elsewhere in the world indicate that beer companies spend a lot of money on promotional activities either directly or indirectly. The activities usually take the form of organizing sports contests, academic sponsorship, music concerts, or support to charity organizations. To make matters even worse, most of the alcohol adverts tend to neglect references to the bad effects associated with the consumption making it look like an alternative to soft drinks. Most alcohol adverts especially on TV use animation, music, comedy, and celebrities to pass across their message. Research has established that this technique is more appealing to teenagers and adolescents who believe that the adverts target them. Some of the adverts also associate drinking with excellent and sporting success hence influencing the emotionally sensitive young minds. A recently concluded research indicated that most young people will recognize many beer brands labels that the portraits of their former presidents. This is because alcoholic beverages ads are more popular than the patriotism associated with the recognition of the national heroes by the younger generations. Other than pulling underage people into excessive consumption, econometric techniques have indicated the close relations between alcohol adverting and the rise of accidents. An example is the lifting of a ban on television and radio advertising of spirits after 1996 which led to the rise in road accidents to about 3000 annually. This heavy loss of life results from cases where individuals attending social parties involving alcoholic drinks ignore the role of designated drivers. Some of the companies run adverts which can at times make drivers lose concentration from the steering wheel to tho
Introduction The environment surrounding the patient is one of the most contributing factors to the prevention or spread of various potential pathogens, including the most recently-discovered COVID-19 virus (WHO, 2020). The lack of appropriate skill in cleaning can result in the contamination of the area and the people in it, including the spread of healthcare-associated infections and drug-resistant micro-organisms. In order to limit the dangers associated with poor cleanliness, staff members must collaborate with infection prevention and control services (IPC) as well as environmental staff (EVS) (WHO, 2020. The reported scholarly activity was an online seminar held on a weekly basis by the World Health Organization (WHO). The title of the seminar was “Standard precautions: Environmental cleaning and disinfection,” and was conducted on the 8 th of June, 2020. It is a free and publicly available seminar found on the official WHO online portal. Problem As it stands, the understanding of the procedures involved in disease spread prevention is not homogeneous. Gaps of knowledge exist between individual departments and individual nurses, resulting in disproportionate differences in quality, with the lower end of the spectrum threatening to do much damage. According to recent reports, only 50%-70% of nurses engage in frequent handwashing (WHO, 2020. Personal hygiene among patients is low as well. By participating in this scholarly activity, the nurses will learn about the importance of standard precautions in environmental cleaning and disinfection and be motivated to apply the proposed workflow in their everyday practice, in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and related ailments (WHO, 2020. Solution The proposed solutions, included in the seminar, are as follows (WHO, 2020:   * Provide descriptions of areas of collaboration between EVS, IPS, and nurses;   * Ensure the understanding of healthcare environments as well as the purposes and objectives of cleaning;   * Identify the differences between routine and cardinal cleaning procedures;   * Describe standard precautions available to the employees and how they work;   * Provide definitions of the most common disinfectants and explain their use;   * Provide the tools for cleanliness monitoring within a healthcare setting. Opportunity The seminar offered the opportunity for nurses to improve on their existing knowledge regarding disinfection and cleaning procedures in the hospital, as well as personal protection, in the wake of the COVID