ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Motivation in the Workplace Employee motivation in the workplace is personal and individualistic. When an employee is motivated, he will demonstrate great effort, tolerance and persistence in achieving the organization’s goals. What motivates an employee may fail to motivate another employee. Motivation may not always be secured by the employer through financial compensation. Motivation is a complex issue that scholars have advanced several theories to help the management be practical in motivating employees for higher performance outcomes. The theories assist managers to be strategic in motivating their employees and providing incentives. What incentives should an employee provide to his employees? What are the strategies to use? An organization may have to introduce performance appraisal tools, bonuses and other rewards in the compensation policies of the organization. Growth and promotion opportunities may need to be provided. The Reinforcement Theory The reinforcement theory argues that an individual can be conditioned to act in a certain way. What the organization chooses to reinforce in the organization will greatly affect the individual’s actions. The individual gets to understand the consequence of his or bad actions. The theory does no focus on an individual’s feelings but on the external environment. The best approach for managers to use when applying the reinforcement theory is to focus on positive reinforcement. When an individual does something well the manager should praise the employee. For example, if an individual comes early, he should be praised so that the punctuality can be repeated consistently. If a reward is given for good behavior the individual will even give higher performance outcomes. There can also be negative reinforcement. If an employee commits an unacceptable act, disciplinary action can be taken to prevent the action from being repeated ever again (Villere and Hartman, 1991). The employee can be suspended from duties or given a warning letter. The other approach is extinction where an employee is no longer praised for doing certain actions. This ends up causing him or her to stop the behavior as there is no reward or praise. The application of the reinforcement theory needs to be applied with caution though because it can cause an employee to be demoralized if only negative reinforcement is used. The level of negative reinforcement needs to be appropriate. There should be a mix of negative and positive reinforcement. The organization should have a bonus system to reward employees with exceptional performance outcomes. Quarterly there could be the circulation of communication to employees encouraging them to nominate those people who are role models and have demonstrated teamwork. The winners chosen could be rewarded with monetary payments or a dinner or outing somewhere. The organization should have competitions across the organization on certain performance outcomes and winners rewarded. This will go a long way in conditioning an employee’s behavior towards higher performance. The Expectancy Theory In the expectancy the
The reading of Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner leaves very little doubt as to the fact that the theme of loyalty plays a rather important role in defining the novel’s semiotic significance. After all – it is after having proven his loyalty to Hassan by the means of bringing his son Sohrab to the U.S. that the novel’s protagonist Amir was able to attain inner peace – hence, providing a semantic wholesomeness to the plot. In our paper, we will aim to explore the nature of loyalty in The Kite Runner . Analysis of Friendship Between Amir and Hasssan For the first time, the theme of loyalty comes to its prominence in the novel’s scene when, while trying to defend Amir, Hassan aims his slingshot at Assef: “I turned and came face to face with Hassan’s slingshot… Hassan held the slingshot pointed directly at Assef’s face” (21). Even though, while remaining friends with Amir, Hassan never ceased being treated with a subtle disdain, due to his ethnic background and his low social status, Hassan’s helping hand was always there for Amir. Thus, Hassan’s loyalty to Amir is evident. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about Amir because the main character’s lessened sense of loyalty did not derive out of his existential idealism, as it was the case with Hassan, but was instead a byproduct of his rationally functioning psyche. The plausibility of this suggestion becomes evident in the scene when, after having considered the possible consequences of his involvement, Amir refrains from stepping forward, in order to prevent Hassan from being raped by Assef – hence, proving himself an ultimate coward in its own eyes: “I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan… Or I could run. In the end, I ran. I ran because I was a coward” (39). As the theme essay on The Kite Runner implies, at that time, Amir was not aware of the fact that his refusal to stand up for Hassan accounted for his lessened ability to act like a man while facing life’s challenges, as in the case when he resents Hassan. Loyalty as an Intermedium for Friendship Nevertheless, as the novel’s plot unraveled, it was becoming increasingly apparent for Amir that, for him to be able to relieve his deep-seated se
Fashion is a general term that that refers to the style in clothes, shoes, jewelry, and handbags among others. Essentially, fashion is a tool of communication because it tells others about us, and thus we are addressed according to our dressing. Prada and Christian fashion are two distinctive fashion houses. This paper focuses on their shared attributes and their differences. Mario Prada established Prada fashion in 1913 and has continued to be inherited by his descendants since his death. The fashion label initially concentrated on making outfits from leather especially handbags. According to Tsang the clothes and accessories that are made by this designer label are very expensive, which implies they are meant for high-end market. For instance, the handbags are lacy and come in bright colors. The clothes that Prada designs do not reveal a lot of skin, which makes them appealing to the conservatives. On the other hand, the clothes are very sexy, which makes them unique in the market. Prada is also involved in manufacturing of mobile phones. This innovation has been realized through mergers and acquisitions of other related companies. The designs of Prada are a blend of old and modern culture, which is because of their simplicity. So far, the company has opened other branches in Europe and France. Prada has another brand called Miu Miu that makes outfits for young consumers. In essence, Prada uses mergers as its strategy to overcome competition in the market. The company tried to purchase Gucci, but the efforts did not bear any fruits because Gucci was not willing to sell its shares. Prada bought De Rigo group, which was the manufacturer of eyewear. The latter’s products were re-branded to become Prada eyewear. The acquisitions by Prada terminated in early 21 st century. By the year 2005, the company had incurred many debts and thus, some of its labels had to be sold in a bid to recover from the debt crisis. Prada has successfully designed many labels, including Helmut Lang, Amy Fairclough and Jil Sander. Similarly, the head office of Prada is in Italy, which means the products originate from Italy. However, Prada has been on the spotlight for failing to safeguard the interests of its employees. This is because the company does not allow its employees to join trade unions. On the other hand, Christian Dior is another clothing line that started making jewelry to compliment its designer label that was and is still comprised of ready-to-wear clothes. The label is named after its founder who was inspired by his frequent visits to Europe. The dresses that Dior designed after the Second World War had very soft shoulders and usually reached the knee area (Flanagan 1). Consequently, Dior shifted to making jewelry for the high-end market. The designs of this fashion house can be identified through the oval sha
Introduction A myriad of people across the globe, yearn to visit Venice city in Italy due to a number of reasons. Venice is a small city that lies within 118 islands with 150 canals connected by over 400 bridges. It is located within the Venetian Lagoon in Italy. It has a moderate whether with humid summers and wet winters. The art work and architectural design of images gives the city its uniqueness and beauty. The name Venice is derived from the Veneti people who settled in the region in the 10 th century. The city is divided into 6 sections; cannaregio, San Marco, Cas Venice, Tello, Santa Croce, San Polo and Dorsoduro. It is also known as the ‘city of canals’,’ the floating city’ ‘the city of bridges’. Other scholars have also defined the city as the most romantic city within Europe. Its winding canals and traffic free, makes it easy to navigate and explore. It has many magnificent squares, churches and mosques cognate with beautiful and interesting shops parked with nice romantic goods. (Wilmer, 2009) Venice is easily accessible by train at the Santa Lucia train station. A tourist can also fly, though the city has a small airport. From there, you can board a bus or a boat. While in Venice, the most common form of transportation is vaporetti boats. Gondolas and taxis also offer some of the most romantic and luxurious means of transport. While in the city, there are a number of beautiful art works which can interest tourists. The Venetian glass from Murano, Carnival masks designed from souvenirs, marble paper, lace and watercolors of Venetian scenes completes the list. Venice is always in a celebratory mood with festivals such as the Carnevale celebration and Redentore Regatta toping the list. (Cucco & Umgiesser, 2006) Finally, as the two couples prepare to Venice, some of the most attracting sites will include; Piazza San Marco, palazzo Ducale, Ponte Di Rialto, Canal Grande, Basilica Di san Marco and Galleria del’ Accademia. These magnificent sites have been reported by past tourists to be more appealing than others. This paper will prepare a detailed itinerary for one week for the two couples who are visiting the city. The marketing Ps which is exploited is the place since it gives them the real experience of having a vacation. (Davey, 2006) Accommodation Couple A Couple A will be booked in at Ca Mari Adele Hotel in Venice. The hotel which has been rated as one of the most romantic hotels in Venice, offers a very good view point to see some of the most magnificent places in Venice. With the advent of technology and to capture the needs of the clients, the hotel was currently renovated to include some of the
Introduction Hinduism which is the third largest religion in the world is practiced by a large number of people living in Asia, particularly India and Nepal. This religion is also practiced among large populations living in other continents with over nine million followers all over the world. A census in Britain showed that 1% of the populations are Hindus. It is believed that Hinduism is the oldest religion on earth (started in 563 B.C) and still it cannot be easily defined. The reason for this is because of the almost infinite range of practices and beliefs encompassed in it. “This religious conviction is again intimately linked conceptually and traditionally with other Indian beliefs i.e. Buddhism and Sikhism (Michaela, 2005). Main body Unlike other religions in the world today, Hinduism (Sanata Dharma or the eternal law) does not have one founder. Again it does not have one script or a common teaching set to be followed. “Throughout its extensive history, there have been many key figures teaching different philosophies and writing numerous holy books. Because of this, authors often refer to Hinduism as a way of life or a family of religions rather than one religion” (Michaela, 2005). As shown by Michaela (2005), by 15 th centaury Hinduism was not widely spread. It was only used as differentiating factor between Hindus and other religions (especially Muslims in Kashmir). The addition of ‘ism’ was done by colonialists from Britain together with some missionaries. Therefore this paper is going to focus on the religion of Hinduism. The paper will show the essence of Hinduism, explain what makes it different from other religions, show what makes it unique and finally conclude by highlighting on what Hinduism really is. Hinduism and its essence majorly lie in 3 supreme demonstrations. These are “the manifestation creation and the creator, the manifestation of survival and protection and the manifestation of extinction and transformation. Hindus believe that the cosmos and the galaxy revolve around these concepts together with recycles of birth and reincarnations” (Rajaram, 2010). Hindus recognize “Lord Brahma as the creator, lord Vishnu as the protector and lord Shiva as the destroyer. The three mentioned gods again form the essence of Hinduism’ (Rajaram, 2010). A variety of postulates and myths in deferent times illustrate that there was a split between the followers of lords Shiva and Vishnu. The Shaivites and Vaishnavites become different distinct cults at one point waging war against each other. “Untrue myths cropped up at one particular time showing that lord Shiva was a Dravidian god and Vishnu an Aryan god. In general though, the followers of lord Shiva dwell in the mountains while those who worship Vishnu are plain dwellers” (Rajaram, 2010). All through the surge of the Jains and Buddhists this religion was cut down to area predilections and territories in which kings had policies with regard to religious convictions. After this, there came the pagan and naga who followed Kali. Subsequently, the
Project Scope Statement The project at hand provides a detailed description of the implementation process of an access control system (ACS) into a college dormitory. The project was designed by the members of the local Information Security Team to improve the security in the building and guarantee that the flaws of people entering it are properly controlled. The system is developed with due consideration of the location’s specificity, its size, and the existing identification system. The project provides an explicit explanation of the implementation stages and the essential equipment. The Gantt chart and the System Diagram are included to provide a clear idea of the procedure’s course. Major Tasks Preparation Location Examination It is essential to examine the dormitory area to define the appropriate locations for readers and cameras. ACS Design and Proposal for Management It is necessary to create the visual design of the dormitory’s interior and exterior areas. At this stage, it is also critical to assure the general compatibility of the current security system and its updated version. Finally, one should prepare a detailed report for the management providing a detailed cost evaluation. Installation Panel and Wires Installation First, it is necessary to install the main control panel and the essential wires. Readers Installation As long as the wires and the panels are installed, one needs to install readers on the walls both interior and exterior, and on the doors. Configuration ACS Server (Software) Installation, Its Connection to Camera and Readers The ACS server should be installed in such a way that it can control the main database. The camera and the readers should be properly connected to the server to assure the relevant comparison of the credentials received from the card and the Access List. Access List Design As long as the college already has students’ IDs in file, it is necessary to import this file to the server so that an Access List can be designed. Execution System Testing The primary system testing is to be carried out on the staff before the full deployment of the system. ACS Activation The system can be activated as soon as it has passed a series test runs and all the students have been informed on the changes in the ACS. Post-Employment Analysis System’s Performance Monitoring It is critical to carry out the monitoring of the system’s performance regularly and collect the relevant feedback. Errors indication and elimination All the errors indicated in the course of monitoring should be eliminated timely to maintain consistent security in the building. Gantt Chart. System Diagram.
Lean production Lean production involves using less labor, space, materials and time. This leads to the reduction in the amount of resources used by an organization. It is a method of production that aims at reducing wastage and inefficiency of the production process. It involves producing a lot of products with using minimal resources. It is the optimal use of resources to manufacture quality products. Organizations that adopt this form of production believe that any use of resources that have no value to the customer is a waste. They believe in producing high quality products that are of value to customers (Black, 2008). Lean production at Portakabin Portakabin is a multinational company which produces advanced building systems. It is a subsidiary company of shepherd group. Shepherd group is one of the biggest family owned building industry companies in Europe. Portakabin’s main operations include manufacturing, construction and property development. The company uses lean production method to produce high quality products that are of value to customers. For instance, the company uses a quality management system. This ensures that the products manufactured are of value to customers. It produces high quality products through a process known as kaizen. This process is achieved through small regular steps. The process helps in reducing time of production hence enhancing efficiency. (Black, 2008) Just in time production is another way used by the company in the lean production. This process aims at reducing the cost of holding inventories. In Portakabin, materials are maintained at a minimum level. Stocks are only produced when they are required. This reduces the storage space, required to stock the goods, which improves efficiency. This also ensures that the working capital is used efficiently. It also helps in minimizing defects stock which improves efficiency. Just-in-time production Just in time production, is mostly used by Portakabin, in construction of new buildings. In this case, we shall focus on the development of a new Lilliput children’s centre. These centres are designed to be child focused. They are designed to meet the tough safety and care standards to protect children. Just in time production, helps the company to build these centre, in less time than using traditional methods. Multi-functional rooms are used as training rooms, kitchens and nurseries. First of all the materials used in the production of the centre is to be maintained at a minimum level. The company will ensure that raw materials, work in progress, and finished product are at a minimum level. The materials will be delivered when required and this will reduce the space required to hold materials (Black, 2008). It will also ensure that working capital is used efficiently. Just in time production will also help in reducing the number of defect materials. The demand for the material, to construct a
Introduction The luxury segment of the fashion industry is one of the most profitable industries. Many companies are involved in the development of luxury items. The marketing strategies employed in each of the companies in the industry determine their success and competitiveness. Digital marketing is among the factors that affect the competitiveness and success of a company in the fashion industry. Most of the firms have embraced this form of marketing. Only few of them are conservative. The past few decades have been dominated by the developments in the information technology sector, as the world is currently in the information age. Globalisation has also expanded the markets for luxury brands. Companies can now market their luxury items anywhere on the planet. The internet remains the greatest asset for digital marketing strategies. All luxury brands have an online marketing platform for their products. Many luxury brands are internationally known to use the internet to complement the traditional practices in marketing. Nike is a sports shoe and apparel maker that is not in the luxury fashion industry. This report proposes the repositioning of the company to be a luxury company through the production of luxury shoes. It also incorporates a marketing campaign that is aimed at launching the company into the luxury market. Fashion Brand The selected fashion brand is NIKE, Inc., which is a company that focuses on the manufacture of quality sports shoes and sports apparel. The company was founded in 1962 as a Japanese shoe importer. At the time of formation, the two founders operated under the name Blue Ribbon Sports (Levin & Behrens 2003). The company experienced a constant growth after its establishment. It specialised in the sale and manufacture of sports shoes. Currently, NIKE has a global market share of over 30%, ahead of its main competitors in the industry. This figure is also the biggest market share globally for any company in the footwear industry. NIKE has over 22,000 retail outlets in the United States alone, with thousands of others being located in other global markets. The market for NIKE products extends to over 165 countries in the world (Larson 2011). The main products that the company makes include athletic footwear, equipment, and other apparel. It is the global market leader in each of these categories (Carbasho 2010). The company is also constantly experiencing growth in revenue that is occasioned by the better performance of the sports industry. In 2008, the revenue for the different segm