ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Diabetes is one of the commonest conditions affecting many people in different parts of the world. This medical illness interferes with the body’s capability to control and process the amount of glucose in the blood. Patients who do receive adequate support and management will record increased levels of blood sugar. Such individuals will be at risk of developing new complications, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. This essay gives a detailed analysis of diabetes and how it impacts cardiovascular and nervous systems and oral health. The presented insights and concepts can guide many people to understand the nature of this complication and manage it effectively. Diabetes: Background The common hypothesis among many people is that being overweight or obese is the leading risk factor for diabetes. Such a condition can emerge or occur during childhood. A proper understanding of the nature of this illness can guide and empower many patients and guardians to manage it successfully. Three types of this condition are known to affect many people across the world. These include type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and type 2 diabetes (see Figure 1). The first type is also called “juvenile diabetes” and it occurs when the body of an individual is incapable of producing insulin (Wang et al. 2501). Patients affected by this condition should get daily intakes of this substance to stay healthy and alive. In type 2 diabetes, the body is not able to utilize the available insulin effectively. The relevant cells might be unable to respond perfectly or efficiently to the available or produced insulin. This type affects the greatest number of people across the world (Petrie et al. 581). Gestational diabetes is usually common in women during pregnancy (see Figure 2). Affected individuals will be insensitive to the produced insulin. Such kind of a condition will naturally resolve itself after birth. Prediabetes is a common condition that is currently affecting many people in the United States. According to Messerli and Grossman, it will trigger the development of type 2 diabetes if the affected individual fails to receive adequate or timely support within 4-5 years (e11). The latest statistics by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveal that over 100 million American adults are either living with diabetes or prediabetes (Malone 356). Currently, studies have revealed that 30.8 million citizens in the United States have diabetes while around 84 million are affected by prediabetes. Within the past two decades, the diagnosis for different diabetes types has remained steady in this country (Moningi et al. 581). New research by Malone revealed that citizens living in urban areas were affected the most by this condition (355). Native Americans, African Amer
Theoretical framework Postpartum depression is a condition found in women after child birth. The reproductive system of a woman is dominated by two main hormones namely progesterone and estrogen. During pregnancy, these hormones increase to extremely high levels, but they stabilize almost immediately after child birth (June, et al., 2001). The sudden fluctuation of hormone levels may have detrimental effects on the woman who may end up having depression. This is a common occurrence among new mothers, and it goes off within a very short time after birth. But there are women who suffer from a greater and more severe form of depression called postpartum depression, which may evolve into a severe mental condition known as postpartum psychosis(June, et al., 2001). This form of depression is severe in terms of the symptoms and effects it may have on both the mother and her new born baby. Postpartum depression is mostly prevalent in women, but there are cases of affected men have been reported (June, et al., 2001). The major symptoms of this condition have been found to include sleeplessness, irritability, feeling of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts among others. A mother with this condition may have low or no responsiveness to her new born. Responsiveness is the measure of how the mother can adjust her own behavioral patterns to suit those of her baby (June, et al., 2001). Some of the major causes of this condition mainly include poverty, anxiety during pregnancy and rejection or low support of the expectant mother because of factors like unwanted pregnancy (June, et al., 2001). This condition is taken with a lot of seriousness because the bonding and relation between a mother and her baby is of utmost importance. It begins moments after birth and evolves over the first years of the baby’s life (June, et al., 2001). Article purpose There are many individuals and organizations that have conducted research concerning prenatal and postnatal health, and more specifically on postpartum depression and related conditions. The purpose of this paper is to critique the research report entitled: Promoting Responsiveness between mothers with depressive symptoms and their infants retrieved from the fourth quarter of the Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2001. It is authored by June Andrews Horowitz, Margaret Bell, JoAnn Trybulski, Barbara Hazard Munro, et al. Literature Review The main purpose of the above mentioned study was to determine how
Executive Summary The management of Tip Top Markets has been charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the business operations of the chain supermarkets are effective. Such conditions are necessary to ensure that business will develop and flourish because only observing these rules company or firm may expect and be sure that it will meet customer’s needs and ultimately maximize its utility. That is why, it is necessary to point out that management is also responsible for ensuring efficiency of the aforementioned business operations so as to guarantee that minimal resources are used, but the objectives are still met. for example, Samson mentions that operational management is a key to the organization’s success (2008). This task requires implementation of thorough quality management and overall total quality control (Latona & Nathan, 1994). However, the management of one of the main stores has found itself experiencing a myriad of problems that are difficult to solve because of the customer’s complaints concerning the quality issues of the products and services. The customers’ grievances have been observed to be mostly severe on Tuesdays, that is why data collected over a period of nine prior Tuesdays has shown certain trends. There has been a considerable decrease in the quality predicaments that are connected to product quality, but a dramatic increase in shortage-related quality problems. Despite the management’s attempt to implement changes to reduce out-of-stock complaints, improve store maintenance and reduce checkout lines/pricing problems (Stevenson, 2007), the results observed over the past two weeks have not reflected any notable improvements. It is for this reason that thorough analysis of this data is necessary in a bid to come up with accurate inferences that will assist in the provision of logical and feasible solutions and recommendations. It will be necessary for us to use a number of quality control analysis tools. Such an analysis will help us to come up with recommendations which relate more to proper training of employees in the use of Point of Sale systems and matters concerning the inventory system. Analysis and recommendations This analysis will require the use of the following tools and devices, such as a check sheet, Pareto diagram and run charts. These things are very important and crucial in collecting the necessary data and its further analysis in order to get the answers to the burning issues. The check sheet will guide us in identifying the types or complaints that the management has received at the supermarket. In order for us to be able to analyze each grievance, we will be required to use the run charts and the Pareto diagram. Further, a cause-and-effect diagram will be required for us to be able to identify the areas of opportunity that the management can exploit. Check sheet Date     Quality of products  Checkout line mistakes  Pricing  Parking Lot Conditions  Out of Stock issues  Long waiting lines  Misc  Total June 1   √√√√√√√√             √√√√√                            √√√√                    √√
The story by Clarice Lispector “Love” demonstrates Anna, as an ordinary woman, who is sick and tired with her likely destiny full of grey colors. It concerns, first of all, her routine life in which she is just an element of existence without any destination for something more than just live. In other words, the drama of this character is implied into her burden of family life, where she is in despair for undergoing through the reality of having children and a husband. She is in constant search for herself, for her destination in life. In this respect there is a point on her role as an ordinary mom. Nonetheless, Anna is not so ordinary; she is seeking for the real things which interested her indeed. Her routine life is pointed out with the fact that she does not even notice the changes around her. It is seen in the following excerpt: “Her brisk conversations with the electricity man were growing, the water filling the tank was growing, her children were growing, the table was growing with food” (Lispector 38)… As for me, Anna is a reflection of a woman without standpoints in life. It does not mean that she is bad or unconscious, but her life became trivial and purposeless for the time. She was about to find the deepest nature or roots of the things (Lispector 38). However, her feeling for love and goodness according to other people is highlighted on the example which was rather spontaneous for her. The title of the story straightforwardly outlines the main idea of it. In fact, the urge for better life and her place in it was the real objective which Anna intentionally and unintentionally “hunted” in life. She feared life and was in despair because of the drama of the society and things which surrounded her. Anna felt horror seeming so huge for her. She was confused with the reality of life. Thus, as far as I know, the antipode of horror and fear is love. Love was the only means for her convenience in life. Her desires touched upon the versatile and powerful feeling of love. Here the concept of love and devotion to people is disclosed at the moment when she met a blind man. Her drudgery and routine life turned off her from the main values and precious objectivity of life. Anna was directly affected by the meeting with a blind man, because of her rational understanding for a moment of an absurd which was apparent on the example of a blind man within strong man. Anna was shocked and frightened just for a moment: ““Oh! but she loved the blind man,” she thought with tears in her eyes” (Lispector 46). I feel a mere feeling of understanding the situation with Anna, because it is really hard to see when helplessness of people seems to be imperceptible. Life itself appeared to her senseless and uninteresting, because it cannot be transformed or directed toward the good side of
The failing education system is one of the problems which the USA is currently facing. I chose to look at this problem more closely because it is indeed rather concerning. One of the most important reasons why the quality of education is not improving is that technologies are rarely used in the classrooms even when they are available (Court, Davarakis, and Villemur, p. 44). The articles which I found mention the idea of increasing the use of technology in the classroom to fix this problem. Briefly, this idea could help by facilitating the perception of the study materials, making the learning process easier, and arising more interest in the school subjects. Although some keep to the idea that the use of technologies will not help to fix this problem, I believe that such a solution will necessarily work, because the use of technological advancements has always been beneficial for any kind of human activity. The first article under consideration is “Improving Faculty Use of Technology in a Small Campus Community”. This article comes from THE Journal (Technological Horizons In Education) and was written by Steven Marx. The article was published in 2005, which means that it is relatively up-to-date. The main idea which the article focuses on is the development of a special grant-based program that can help improve the faculty’s use of technology in one of the state universities. This program allows the teachers to adjust their courses in a way that would improve students’ problem-solving abilities and help them with their project-based work (Marx, p. 21). The researcher has found that the use of this program resulted in teachers’ starting using technologies in the classroom, which was quite beneficial for the students (Marx, p. 21). Such a solution is quite interesting; I believe it might help deal with the problem because teachers’ interest in technologies will make the students interested in them as well. I think this idea should be adopted by the authorities because it might improve the quality of education in the US. The second article, “Faculty Development and Educational Technology” was written by Julie Cagle and Steven Hornik in 2001. It comes from the same journal as the first article. The basic idea of this article is the use of special instructional technology to help the students to reach their curricular objectives (Cagle and Hornik, p. 92). The study describes how different teachers applied GE Technology Workshops for three years and which benefits it had for them and their students. The article also points at what the application of this technology requires. The researchers mentioned that the use of this technology will demand training and thorough scheduling of developmental workshops (Cagle and Hornik, p. 92). I do not think that this technology can help to solve the existing problem, because it is too sophisticated to apply. It might work only
Factors Causing the Employee Dissatisfaction Employees are the backbone of organizations; without them, organizations could never stabilize or grow. Nevertheless, the availability of employees alone does not guarantee that that organization could grow; they must be able to feel satisfied and motivated in order for them to render their very best. Employee satisfaction refers employees’ affective responses to a job based on the likening of the actual outcomes and the desired outcomes (Morden, 2004). The factors causing dissatisfaction as per the case study include inadequate career development opportunities, lack of organizational commitment to professional development, poor communication, poor recognition mechanisms and lack of employee participation in decision-making. Factors that could be addressed to Improve the way organization handles Development of Employees Most employees in the case feel dissatisfied because there is no opportunity for career development. When the organization they are working for does not institute measures aimed at promoting their future career aspirations, employees have nothing to look forward to. Some of ways that could be explored towards career development include opportunities for learning and professional growth, job-specific-training, opportunities to network with others in order to advance their career opportunities to use their skills and abilities in work, and paid training. In the case study, employees complain about lack of organizational commitment to professional development of employees. Professional development is advanced through opportunities such as attending conferences, attending trainings, as well as obtaining certificates. These opportunities are thus expected to enable employees enhance their skills, and knowledge, in order to build their career profiles and enable them meet their professional goals. From the case study, this is a critical issue because as one employee indicated, she is ready to resign due to lack of commitment towards employee’s professional development in the organization. For organizations to succeed, commitment to employees’ career development is crucial (Morden, 2004). Managers have to come up with programs that offer opportunities for learning and professional growth such as mentorship, cross training, job specific training, as well as the opportunity to network with other people elsewhere. If such opportunities are not provided, employees might feel overworked and bored with their work, as is the story in the Case Study. Employees in the case study feel that whatever they are doing is too much and there is no opportunity for personal care i.e. they do not have the freedom in which they can take care of themselves. Communication between management and employees is a critical factor for consideration. Communication problems are featured in the case study; though not mentioned directly. One of the com
Abstract Fraud involves misappropriation of a company’s assets or misrepresentation of the company’s financial position through financial statements. Fraud is common in both small enterprises and public quoted companies. Fraud is perpetuated through manipulation of the internal control system. Sources of information on fraudulent activities include tips from employees. The following paper is a case study of suspicion of fraudulent activities perpetuated by the plant’s controller. The audit department director gets an anonymous tip on the plant controller’s override of internal controls. Therefore, the audit director through the audit department undertakes to investigate the allegations. The paper, therefore, is an outline of the investigative procedure undertaken by the audit director through audit department. It encompasses interviews with employees and other senior management personnel. Finally, it looks into the procedure for a successful admission seeking interview with the plant controller. Introduction Fraud refers to the embezzlement of company assets for personal gain or intentional misreporting of a company’s accounts in order to improve perception on a company’s financial performance. Two major forms of fraud therefore, include defalcations and financial reporting fraud. Defalcation refers to the situation where an employee uses the company’s assets for personal gain. This is either in form of corruption or asset misappropriation. Financial reporting fraud is common in public quoted companies. It is the intentional misrepresentation of a company’s financial statements in order to increase investor confidence. Financial reporting fraud takes place in three different forms. Firstly, it involves manipulation and alteration of accounting records and supporting documents. This includes falsified transactions. Secondly, financial reporting fraud can involve deliberate omission of a transaction, events or other significant information. Finally, financial reporting fraud can involve intentional misapplication of accounting principles. In the following case study, Donald Reynolds, an internal audit department director receives information regarding plant controller. The information is related to the plant’s controller’s sudden change in lifestyle. Therefore, there is suspicion that he may be engaging in fraudulent activities while overriding the plant’s internal control mechanisms. The paper looks into appropriate fraud detection measures that can be used to establish the accuracy of the above information. Secondly, it delves into investigative techniques that can be used to get evidence on the above activities. Discussion Fraud detection The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners estimates that 35% of all fraudulent activities investigations are launched from anonymous tips (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, 2010). This resulted in decreased loss associated with employee fraud. For companies that had instituted tip lines, loss from fraudulent activities was estimated at $ 100,000. On the other hand, for companies that hadn’t instituted tip lines, losses were estimated at $ 245,000. In the abov
Introduction A Continental Congress Resolution on 1775 helped establish the United States Marine Corps as a force whose original purpose was to serve as landing forces within the fleet. It is important to note that formation of the US Marine Corps closely followed the Royal Marines model. The Marine Corps still serve in the land and sea and have taken part in every major armed conflict involving the US. The Marines main focus is amphibious warfare whose success is evident in many operations meant to protect US civilians and foreign nationals in various trouble spots all over the world [1] . Policy formations and reversals lace the history of the Marine Corps. Various conflicts whose nature has required use of the Marine Corps have greatly contributed to development of the Marine Corps as it is today. The cyclical nature of these conflicts will be the main focus of this essay. The essay will examine the history of the Marine Corps through both description and subtle analysis of the changes the unit has gone through to evolve as one of the finest amphibious units in the globe. In essence therefore, the analysis will comprise an overview of over two hundred years of active service and development of the US Marine Corps. History of the Marine Corps The American Revolution brought with it many changes through political discussions. The need for amphibious expeditions led to establishment of the continental marines. At
The renal system is vital for the excretion of metabolic products from the body. The key processes that occur in the kidney include glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption, and excretion. The kidney has millions of nephrons that comprise five main parts. These are the Bowman’s capsules where filtration occurs. The filtered fluid then goes to the proximal tubules where the principal process is the reabsorption of nutrients, especially glucose that is filtered in the glomerulus. The subsequent part of the nephron is the loop of Henle. It has a thin descending limb that is permeable to water. The other part of the loop of Henle is the thick ascending limb that is impervious to water, and this is where potassium, sodium, and chloride are exchanged (Constanzo, 2007, pp 235-247). From the loop of the henle, the fluid next goes to the distal convoluted tubule, which together with the collecting tubule is under the influence of the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin). The kidney also plays a role in vitamin D synthesis. It hydroxylates 25-hydroxy-calciferol to convert it to 1, 25- dihydroxycholecalciferol. This is a hormone that is essential for the metabolism of calcium. It increases the assimilation of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract; it also decreases the excretion of calcium, and it also mobilizes calcium from bone. As the hormone acts to increase the levels of calcium in the body, it does vice versa for phosphate. It increases the excretion of phosphate from the body (Barrett & Ganong, 2010, pp 709-715). The kidney is a crucial organ in the clearance of substances from the body. The kidney’s clearance rate of albumin is zero because; albumin is essentially not filtered through the glomerulus except in disease conditions. On the other hand, the kidney’s clearance of glucose is comparable to that of albumin, but this is because of a different reason. At the glomerulus, glucose is filtered, but it is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubules. Glucose is reabsorbed through two processes. First of all, it is absorbed through a sodium-glucose co-transporter, which transports glucose, from the luminal side. It is also transported by facilitated transport across the peritubular membrane. This is why the urine is devoid of glucose or proteins in normal physiological s