ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Stress is one of the challenges that have affected humans for ages. People are mostly stressed about problems occurring in their lives, responsibilities, and busy schedules. Many specialists have attempted to help people solve stress-related problems by writing articles that suggest things that stressed-out people can do to reduce their levels of stress (Posen, 1995, p. 1). This paper examines one of these articles and critically analyses their strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of Smith’s article outweigh its weaknesses. It provides a systematic way of coping with stress that is bound to help readers struggling with stress. For instance, the article suggests that before attempting to deal with stress, a person should ensure that he/she identifies his/her stressors (Smith, 2008, p. 1). This is bound to be helpful since without knowing what is stressing them, people will be unable to know which method is appropriate for use in curbing the stress. Thus the identification of the stressor is perhaps the prerequisite to dealing with stress. The second suggestion about evaluating the current method that the victim currently uses to deal with stress is also important. The person will be able to know what they need to improve on to fight stress effectively. Also among the strengths of Smith’s article is the fact that Smith offers a holistic approach to managing stress. She views all dimensions of stress and gives
Introduction The past three decades have seen organizations take a huge interest in the working and personal lives of their employees. The understanding that work issues and personal life issues affect the performance of the individual employee has sparked this interest. Lack of work-life balance negatively influences the individual’s performance at the workplace as well as in their personal life. Many organizations have therefore launched work-life balance programs aimed at resolving the conflicts between work and family life. The importance of these programs has been accentuated by the increasing demands on employees by the organization as well as the demographic changes in the workplace. This paper will explore the notion of work-life balance with a detailed review on how the practice has influenced the way that management is conducted. It will then offer a critical view of the ethical and moral implications of the practice and conclude by giving an outlook on the sustainability of work-life balance practices. Brief Introduction to the Practice Before the 1970s, “work” and “family” were treated as separate entities and the organization was not concerned about non-work related issues affecting the employee. This situation began to change when researchers highlighted a spill over effect where aspects of work affected family life while aspects of family affected work life (Pranav 2010). This theory led to further investigations, which revealed that occurrences on one segment (either work or life) could have a negative or positive consequence on the other segment. The revelations led to a change in the organizational outlook of work and personal life and work-life balance issues begun to receive significant attention by employers during the 1980s. A number of activities in the labour market also precipitated this attention. To begin with, the second half of the 20th century witnessed a marked increase in work demands on individuals. This resulted in an increasing encroachment of work demands on family and personal time. The strong rise in women’s labour market participation in the industrialized world also brought to the forefront the issue of work-life balance since the increase in women workers raised the number of people who combine work and family life (Pascale, Laura & Tanja 2009). This observation is corroborated by Bird (2006) who observes that the initial focus on work-life balance was precipitated by the struggles faced by working mothers who had a hard time balancing their work obligations with those of raising a family. At the onset, work-life balance was structured to address the needs of working mothers. By the mid 1980s, organizations were making significant changes to their workplace polices so as to accommodate the needs of the working mother. These changes included extended maternity leaves, onsite child-care services, and flexible work hours
Considerations before administration Before administration of the drug, renal function must be assessed because; the drug is eliminated through the renal system. This ensures that the drug does not reach toxic levels. The route of administration is also considered; in this case, the patient is suffering from angina. The drug, therefore, requires to be given through a route that will quickly alleviate angina. The sublingual route is effective because the drug is absorbed efficiently, and is known to reach a therapeutic level in a short while. The duration of action is 15-30 minutes; therefore, the drug should be administered many times (Akporiaye et al., 2009, pp. 513). If a longer duration of action is necessary, oral formulations can be given. Another option is slow-release formulations, for instance, buccal or transdermal preparations. However, the dosage must be closely monitored to prevent excessive effects of the drug. Important considerations in the history The patient has stage one hypertension. His heart rate is within the normal range. His respiratory rate is, however, and he needs reassurance that he will be well. The characteristics of the pain point towards angina. The pain is central, gripping, and it does not subside no matter what he does. It can, therefore, be classified as unstable angina. The patient is also on atorvastatin, a drug taken in dyslipidaemic conditions. Dyslipidaemia predisposes one to coronary heart disease (Rang et al. 2007, pp. 325-327). Pharmacodynamics   * The drug causes decreased demand for oxygen by the myocardium.   * It decreases the heart rate, contractility of the heart, blood pressure, ventricular volume, and ejection fraction.   * In the heart, vasodilatation of coronary vessels ensures sufficient perfusion.   * It is effective in the treatment of unstable and prinzmetal angina.   * The side effects of this dru
Davenport, Mule, and Lucker (2011) emphasize an idea where customers’ interests are captured using a route of discovery. The procedure involves using available data to guide customers to discover their needs through the provision of unique products and services. Davenport et al. (2011) have approached the subject in different ways from that used by MacDonald, Wilson, and Konus (2012) who suggest that the correct approach is to use marketing research to identify the drivers of consumer behavior such as attitudes. On the other hand, Maklan, Knox, and Peppard (2011) argue from the perspective of using the identification of customer relationship marketing (CRM) to fulfill customer needs and expectations. Davenport et al. (2011) and MacDonald et al. (2012) describe marketing concepts, which are different from the experimental approach used by Maklan et al. (2011). A discourse of ideas by Davenport et al. (2011) includes the use of strategies such as data mining and computer technology to discover and provide customers with their needs and expectations and to communicate customer preference effectively. An example is Tesco’s NBO strategy which emphasizes on fulfilling customer needs by closely crafting messages and product offerings that expand on the customers’ purchasing behavior. A theme of customer focus is presented by Davenport et al. (2012), which emphasizes on a line of discovery using technology and buyer behavior. MacDonald et al. (2012) present a theme that presupposes that marketing mistakes underpin the errors organizations make in offering wrong products and services to the customers and suggests the use of a marketing survey as a fundamental tool to use to understand the buyer behavior before making any product or service offerings. MacDonald et al. (2011) identify a wide range of expensive and labor-intensive concepts such as ethnographic research which is prone to errors that arise from poor perceptions and judgments on customers’ buyer behavior. Here, examples include the faulty strategies adopted by HP, Energizer, and Microsoft among other companies. On the other hand, the theme presented by Maklan et al. (2011) emphasizes on executives who use wrong methodologies to research customers’ buyer behavior and suggests a better CRM strategy where the ability of the manager is first evaluated before an organization starts to market a service or a product. The underlying explanation is that framework should be embedded that is built on the four marketing principles of the CRM paradigm, which provides a strong foundation for establishing a good relationship that enhances the manager’s ability to implement radical changes that address customer needs and expectations precisely. It is evident that Davenport et al (2011), Maklan et al (2011) and MacDonald et al (2012) focus on the best methods to target the customer and improve their buyer
Originally, numerous factors influence the quality of any public school. The fact is that the professionalism and qualification of the teaching personnel is one of the most important. As for the location of the school, few researchers have argued on this factor, as directly it does not influence any educational process, nevertheless, the location of a public school defines the geographic range of the students who will be studying in this school and tutors, who will be working in the school. Nevertheless, it is not a defining factor, and, it should be emphasized that the original value of the location factor is closely emphasized with the matters of the socio-economic environment of the school. Thus, this paper aims to argue on the matters of the socio-economic environments of different schools and compare it with the school, which is marked as “Your School” in the datasheet. The argumentation will also touch upon the matters of input and experience of the educational personnel. Discussion The most important factor of the socio-economic analysis is the percentage of the various ethnic groups and national minorities, which are represented among students. Thus, the analyzed school is regarded as the school with the largest ethnic diversity. In comparison with the other schools, the percentage of Asian students is the largest. The same is with Filipino, Hispanic and Pacific students. Nevertheless, the amount of white students and African Americans is the lowest (in comparison with the other schools), which means that the analyzed school is located in an ethnically diverse region. Because the analysis of the quality is closely associated with the socio-economic environment, it should be emphasized that the ethnic diversity of the schools is the direct consequence of the geographic location of the school. In the light of the represented data, it should be emphasized that the necessity to regard the quality of the school educational performance through the prism of ethnic diversity may be grounded by the values of education in general. Thus, the Total Quality Approaches, which may be applied for the allover performance of the school management may be associated with the cultural values of the ethnic groups. Another factor of the socio-economic environment is the size of the school. This factor defines the capacity of the school, and the number of students, the school will be able to educate. As for the size of the school, Smith (352) emphasized the following statement: How we define large and small makes a difference in understanding the relationships of size, cost, and quality. What is small in a densely-populated New England state may be large in mostly rural Northwestern Minnesota where transportation time and costs are bigger factors. Distinctions between schools and school districts are also important. A large district could have many small schools; a small district could have one large school. The size of the analyzed school is the largest among all the three analyzed schools. It enrolls 2740 students; nevertheless, the amount of those students who did not receive any graduation after public school is one of the least. On the one hand
Introduction Newlandia education foundation Newlandia education foundation (NEF) was established in the 1900 as a charitable organization, with support from Newlandia government. Since then, this organization still relies on donation from the public to ensure its survival. It is located in the south region of Newlandia Island where schools are faced with inadequate resources such as lack of enough books, stationery, teaching materials among other needs. NEF’s mission stands for “education access for all newlandians regardless of race, religion, sex or economic standing” (Pacific PR, 2010, p.5). However, NEF is faced by the challenge of over-reliance on public support in form of money, reading material, and voluntary services; however, the adult population of Newlandian is very ignorant of the organization’s vision and mission. The Newlandian unemployment rate is at 12-25% due to lack of education. In addition, south newlandians children live far from school, hence making it impossible for them to attend school, (Pacific PR, 2010, p.8). This campaign aims at convincing the business sector on Newlandian on the importance of supporting childhood education in the future to benefit the children into becoming important people in the society, thus curbing illiteracy and unemployment in the future. In order to ensure effective delivery of information, situational theory, social learning theory, and hierarchy of need theory will be used appropriately. When proper resources are in place, NEF can make an impact on the lives of many children through providing effective education, thus curbing poverty through providence of employment opportunities. Literacy minimizes poverty while boosting employment and social inclusion. Television, newspapers, and radios can be used as campaign tools for spreading the plight of Newlandian. The Newlandian situation requires additional schools, stationery, teaching accessories, and desks in order to ensure learning needs are met. Indeed, raising awareness of the child education situation is the first step in this campaign. Steps towards Public Relation Campaigns According to Musgrave (2001, p.42), when public relations campaigns are planned carefully and executed effectively, they create a difference between success and failure of a program. Therefore, the following steps are involved; first, collection of data, which in this case we have all the information needed concerning the Newlandian’s education foundation. The second step involves setting of objectives, the main aim of which is to raise awareness of the Newlandian’s plight and to raise donations that will aim at increasing education for children in this area. Determining the strategy aims at how the objective will be achieved, therefore publicizin
Front-end web development is impossible without the use of HTML and CSS. Among the most popular CSS preprocessors are SASS, LESS, and Stylus. All these preprocessors have almost identical functionality since they are only minor differences in syntax. They extend the core CSS language with operators, variables, functions, and more. CSS preprocessors are increasingly used in large and medium-sized projects, as they are one way to automate site layout, providing better structuredness, easier editing, and code understanding. Nesting stands out among the unconditional advantages of these preprocessors. In the past, front-end web developers have avoided centralizing CSS data in a single file by splitting it into smaller ones and importing it into a larger one or creating object-oriented CSS. This process has always taken a long time. This feature enables structuring elements, accessing the parent of a component, and writing pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements. Moreover, it solves the problem of the lack of visual hierarchy in classic CSS without add-ons. In addition, these preprocessors bring the basic features of a high-level programming language to CSS, such as the use of variables, loops, math operations, if-else constructs, and more advanced functionality, for example, for working with colors. Moreover, the preprocessors offer mixins – functions that reduce the repeating in the code (Cinarli, 2014). Firstly, this function helps to use one of the main principles of DRY programming – Don’t Repeat Yourself. Secondly, it dramatically simplifies the work; for example, by changing the font size or color, I perform this operation in one line instead of a lot of effort required in classic CSS. However, at the same time, CSS preprocessors have several disadvantages. For all their merits, mixins are the embodiment of advanced copy and paste functions within a single programming language (Silver, 2015). As a result of such actions, various properties are repeated in the code, which, although visually become more readable, increased the file size. In large projects, large sizes of CSS files can become, if not a problem, then definitely a disadvantage, slowing down the time of the site itself. In addition, this add-on does not free programmers from the need for basic and advanced CSS knowledge. In practice, some developers do not know the necessary to build easily maintainable scalable structures. The result is a jumble of code that even the best visualization of preprocessors won’t save. Many tasks, however, can be solved without preprocessors, and their overuse leads to the next problem. Debugging code written with CSS preprocessors takes more time. The direct definitions of design properties and the place of their use ar
Treating people is a difficult job, and even the most competent doctor will not manage to do it alone. Nurses are an essential link in the work of the medical system and the process of saving the lives of the population. Thinking about my past, I find events that led me to the profession of nurse. The people’s experience significantly forms their character and thoughts, which determines many life choices (Woźniak, 2019). My experience in various circumstances helped me realize my vocation. These situations in my life may seem ordinary, but for me, they have become pivotal and those that prove that all events are not coincident at all. Issues of difficulties and challenges people face, for instance, global problems and similar concerns, have occupied my mind since childhood. I kept wondering what could be done to change something. In response, thoughts arise about changing the world, environmental protests, the invention of technologies that will save the ocean. However, although these activities are critical, they seemed unsuitable for my character, and I wanted to do something more practical and influential. These thoughts are the first reason that led me to the profession of nurse. For me medicine and care change the world for the better. Moreover, without them, humanity would have never reached the modern standard of living. Changing the lives of even one patient for the better is also important as changing the whole world. Many of us had some experience of illness and even being in hospitals in childhood. Such a situation happened to me – I had to stay in the medical center for treatment for several days. Being a child, I was terrified and worried, especially at night. However, there was a nurse who managed to calm me down and support me. She even let me call her by her name, Tina, and I felt that we became friends. I always recalled her with joy, and when I grew up, I realized how valuable and important her actions were for a little child. This situation was the second reason that led me to the profession of a nurse – I understood that there are many people in the world who, like me then, need the same support and comfort, and I can give them. We have to deal with diseases and injuries not only in hospital conditions but also in emergencies in any circumstances. Family members, friends, and even strangers may suddenly become ill or injured, and it is necessary to take action quickly – after all, saving a life can depend on a few seconds. As a teenager, I witnessed my friend break his arm. We were lucky, and there was a perso
Origins In the United States, binge-eating disorder is the most prevalent among other eating disorders. The disorder is not age-specific and it affects all age groups; however, it is most common among adults and teenagers. Individuals with this disorder consume abnormally huge amounts of food within a short time. Additionally, after eating such unusual amounts of food, these individuals often feel guilt and loss of control over their bingeing episodes. According to research, it was Albert Stunkard, a psychiatrist, who first took note of the disorder in 1959 (Guerdjikova et al., 2017). During this time, Stunkard described a type of eating disorder characterized by eating huge amounts of food at inconsistent intervals. Among the elements he noted about the disorder is that it included night-eating episodes. After a while, the term binge-eating became widely used for research purposes. Around 1987, the American Psychiatric Association (APA), in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), referred to binge-eating (Guerdjikova et al., 2017). During this period, the categorization of this disorder was under the features and criteria of bulimia. The reason for this categorization was because bulimia has the characteristics of a series of purging and bingeing episodes. The APA, in 1994, listed binge-eating in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). During this time, it was still under bulimia and therefore, it was not a disorder that stood on its own and therefore, was an EDNOS (eating disorder not otherwise specified). With its mention in the DSM and its categorization as an EDNOS, binge-eating constantly gained attention. The result was the start of the Binge-Eating Disorder Association (BEDA), a non-profit organization (Guerdjikova et al., 2017). The main role of the organization was to advocate, support, and help the binge-eating disorder society. The APA, in 2013, revised its DSM-IV and released the DSM-V, which categorized binge-eating as a disorder on its own (Guerdjikova et al., 2017). With this development, people could finally get treatment for the disorder under their medical cover. Additionally, the disorder also gained legitimacy, which means that medical providers could now take it as a serious illness. Characteristics Since its recognition as an official disorder, there are several characteristics distinct to binge-eating. One of the characteristics of the disorder is that it is associated with eating large food quantities within a short period. The short time is usually eating food within over two hours (Guerdjikova et al., 2017). Individuals, in this case, generally feel that they cannot control thei