ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Case Assignment The field of education undergoes considerable changes all the time. First, much attention was paid to the social and cultural aspects of a certain community. Then, it was necessary to consider the perspectives of technological progress and the role of a human in it. Now, many educational organizations focus on the development of high-quality services and the improvement of students’ skills, attitudes, and abilities. Student assessment and institutional accountability are the two important parts of a learning landscape that also includes the technological deployment, the physical architecture, student-teacher relationships, and other teaching and learning processes (Bell, Neary, & Stevenson, 2009). However, despite a number of common goals and academic standards being established in the US system of education, there are still some misunderstandings over the explanation of the relationship between student assessment, institutional accountability, and student achievement. The aim of this work is to improve an understanding of the
Mother is, probably, the first person for a girl who symbolizes all qualities that a woman should possess. Therefore, the mother is also the first person who can explain to her daughter the basic purposes and roles that a woman should perform in life. Therefore, the bond between mother and daughter is central because it identifies feminine dignity and cultivates the best qualities. In the story Everyday Use by Alice Walker, the author sheds light on complex relations between mother, Mrs. Johnson, and her two daughters. Specific focus should be made on the analysis of relations between Mrs. Johnson and her younger daughter Maggie who share identical values and moral principles. I think such a bond is good because it allows a girl to define her identity and strengthen the bond between the two generations. Establishing good relationships between a mother and a daughter shapes a firm foundation for moral and ethical values that a daughter will inherit in the future. Being a mother, therefore, implies meeting the needs of an infant for love, support, and approval. Moreover, favoring mother-daughter relations allows a daughter to find her identity and place in life. As it is described in Alice Walker’s novel called Everyday Use, the main heroine Mrs. Johnson strives to share her views, habits, and traditions with her younger daughter Maggie. They are both fond of similar hobbies and activities and, therefore, Maggie personifies her mother’s outlooks on life. Thus, the heroine says, “I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the house and go to bed” (Walker 35). Maggie and her mother share common values and purposes and, therefore, it is easy for Maggie to predict her life goals in the future. Daughter sometimes dominates in a mother-daughter relationship, which should not be regarded negatively. On the contrary, the daughter can have different purposes and liking and, therefore, their mother can serve as the opposition to her qualities. For instance, in Walker’s story, the elder daughter of the heroine rejects her identity, but still she prevails in their relationships. Unlike her mother, she is a well-educated and strong-willed character. In such a situation, the mother can take advantage of the daughter’s straightforward outlook on life. Therefore, this relationship is also acceptable because it can also strengthen the bond between two women. The importance of the mother-daughter bond is enormous because it will play a crucial role in the future of a daughter. Both women should realize th
Introduction The recent refugee crisis in Europe has brought the issues of refugee and asylum seeker rights to the forefront of international politics. With continuing conflicts in the Middle East, the number of refugees seeking protection has been growing over the past years, and it is likely to grow further if the political situation remains unfavorable. Moreover, people may also seek asylum for reasons other than war, which contributes to the number of people in need of support. Consequently, international organizations have been actively involved in the protection and support of the rights of refugees and asylum seekers. International organizations are crucial in this context because they can facilitate agreements on government actions protecting refugees, monitor issues related to refugee rights, and help to ensure that refugees and asylum seekers are protected in their host countries (Gil-Bazo 2015). Ensuring the successful work of international organizations in this area, therefore, helps to foster collaboration on the issues of refugee rights and resolve or mitigate these issues promptly. Still, there have been concerns that the actions taken by the Council of Europe to protect the human rights of refugees and asylum seekers have been insufficient (Bulley 2017). The present paper will show that the effectiveness of the Council of Europe in this regard has indeed been limited. The paper will first review the background of the literature to explain the issues of migration and provide insight into the functions, roles, and organs of the Council of Europe. Then, the review will present the literature on the practice of other international organizations, such as the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Based on this information, the paper will also evaluate the response by the Council of Europe in terms of its capacity, mechanisms used, and effectiveness. As the paper will show, the work of the Council of Europe in the area has not been sufficient, and improvements are required to enhance the protection of refugee rights. Background Refugees and Asylum Seekers Refugees and asylum seekers represent the people who are the victims of forced migration. Based on the explanation by Shasthri (2013), the history of asylum-seeking in Europe began in 1685 when 250,000 French Protestants fled to other European states to avoid religious struggle. Political asylum-seeking became prominent following the French revolution in the late 18th century and increased in levels during significant conflicts, including World Wars I and II (Shasthri 2013). The necessity to protect refugees has become particularly evident in the early 20th century after World War I: “with the establishment of the League of Nations in 1920 it was argued that the international community owes an obligation to prevent the abuses and gross violations of human rights and also a positive duty to provide refugees’ protection’ and constantly end
Relationships between Different Types of Contracts Many changes are happening in the building and construction industry. The upcoming and new methods of contracting seek to address the problems that characterize the current techniques. Using these new methods, contractors can be able to complete projects in time and stick to the contract’s specifications. Traditionally, construction contracts were engineered in such a manner that they were able to address three aspects. These aspects include quality, cost, and time. Currently, these aspects have been updated to include safety, conflict, and environmental concerns. With the construction market constantly changing, contractors are finding it hard to stick to the contracts. The traditional form of contract is Design-bid-Build (DBB) and it is subject to various forms of controversy. DBB has been the source of conflict between contractors and clients. In addition, most of the contracts that result in litigation tend to be DBBs. The Design-build (DB) contracts came into being in order to address the shortcomings of DBB. There are several similarities and differences between these two contract types. In DBB contracts, there are two different kinds of contracts. The first contract is with a designer and the other contract is with a contractor. In DBB contracts, the designer is responsible of “developing, designing, and drawing up the project’s specifications while the contractor is responsible of supplying the methods, means, and construction input to the project” (Lowsley & Linnett, 2006). In DB contract types, the project’s owner has a single entity. This contract covers all aspects of the project including designing and constructing. DB projects give the project owner the advantage of working with a single party throughout the project. The contracted entity bears full responsibility of any mishaps that may occur during the contract. DB contractors can seek help with the project through the services of sub contractors. DB contacts can be led by either a designer or a contractor. Both DB and DBB designs are subject to claims. Claims are requests that can be made by the contactor to adjust the terms of a certain contract. Among the aspects of the contract that can be adjusted through a claim include, deadlines and terms of compensation. Claims are preceded by proposals or reque
Motivation and achievement of goals are closely intertwined and are complementary concepts. The famous English-born writer Michael Korda said: “One way to keep momentum going is to have constantly greater goals” (Fowler, 2019). Several theories help understand employee motivation in the workplace, one of which is the goal-setting theory. As Fowler (2019) states, a theory of goal setting, developed by Edwin Locke in 1966, assumes that a person’s behavior is determined by the goals they set for themselves and for the achievement of which they perform specific actions. Therefore, many employees are motivated to reach success at work precisely because of the presence of a set purpose. In my life, I am always guided by this theory, which in real life works as follows. Considering my emotional state, I realize and evaluate the events and workplace situation. Then, based on this, I determine the goals that I intend to strive for, do a particular job, achieve the outlined outcome, and get satisfaction from this. To reach my goals, I am motivated by the desire to achieve real results and improve my career. Goal setting is the starting point for designing the life we live. To encourage others to achieve goals, I use Locke’s theory, since real outcomes from my life have repeatedly confirmed the efficiency of this theory. However, it should not be applied in the same way to all people. For various groups of society, different in gender, age, education, and job profiles, the degree of target orientation is diverse. As the experience of my environment shows, clarity, precision, and determination are crucial for men with less education and little work experience. It is much more vital for people with a high education level to set a goal which is a challenge while uncertainty leaves room for creativity. Motivation and striving for an intended aim are considered the basic needs that are necessary to satisfy each of us. Everyone chooses their own way of achieving aims, depending on what motivates a person; it can be setting goals, believing in their personal ability to complete a task, or establishing positive or negative consequences of their actions. Therefore, motivation is the driving force behind human actions. Reference Fowler, S. (2019). Master your motivation: Three scientific truths for achieving your goals . Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Dubbed as one of William Shakespeare’s greatest play, King Lear is a tragic tale of an aging king whose greatness has been marred by his wrong judgments and decisions. Set in the Elizabethan period in England, the play exhibited a society that is strongly hierarchical in nature. In this kind of society, there should be an absolute deference to power and respect must be paid not only to those who possess money and position but also to parents and the elderly. The lesson we can realize in this play is that no matter how great a king can be — he can still be vulnerable to take wrong judgments as the cause of his imminent downfall. Essentially, the plot of King Lear gives credence to the famous adage that one should not judge a book by its cover. As the elderly monarch of Britain, King Lear came into an important decision of dividing his kingdom among his daughters Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. In this effort, King Lear wanted his daughters to be on a test to prove on how much they loved him. Of course, Goneril and Regan produced the sweetest words to express their love and affection for their father. However, when it was Cordelia’s turn she refused to oblige in this request by her father. For Cordelia, she really has not enough words to describe how much she loved and admired her father. However, King Lear could not understand why Cordelia would not give in to his request. Of course, being the youngest and the favorite daughter, King Lear did not expect this unexpected reaction from Cordelia. Disappointed by her favorite daughter’s refusal to express her affection to the great king, King Lear was furious and decided to banish Cordelia from his kingdom and disinherit her all the properties and treasures she might get from him. For King Lear, Cordelia has extremely disobeyed his request and this exemplifies a crisis not only in his authority among his daughters, but in his kingdom as well. Unfortunately, it did not take long for King Lear to realize that Goneril and Regan feigned their love and affection expressed to him. After King Lear turned over his power and authority to them, Goneril and Regan began to undermine his influence over them. As a result of this betrayal, King Lear debilitated into madness. After going insane, King Lear banished away from the houses of his daughters and later finding himself in a heath accompanied by a court jester and Kent. Another nobleman Gloucester becomes aware of King Lear’s tragic fate and decided to assist him despite all the troubles he might face in doing this. When Regan and her husband became aware of Gloucester’s plan, they falsely accuse him of treason and punished him into bl
Abstract Globalization, especially economic globalization, has led to a competitive business environment. To meet the demands of globalization, firms have undertaken various strategies including outsourcing and international diversification of their operations. Outsourcing has the advantage of lowering operational and net production costs. However, companies outsourcing abroad must consider various factors associated with the foreign supplier business practices. In addition, to enhance global competitiveness, supervisors need to identify specified personality traits, which sometimes result to problematic workplace behaviors. In this way, employee performance can be improved. Globalization has some benefits and associated costs to the economies, regionally and globally. In particular, the distribution of the benefits often raises the issue of equity and has the potential of resulting to conflicts. What are the key issues for consideration before sourcing production abroad? In recent years, there has been a trend where manufacturers in industrialized nations outsource production, call centers, and vendor services to companies abroad. Given this increasing trend, there are some issues which American companies must consider when outsourcing vendor services or manufacturing from either domestic or foreign sources. Among the principal issues are the issues of product pricing, product trade name, product warranties and contract enforcement issues. Product pricing and contractual issues involving the vendor and the distributor often arise in any outsourcing from foreign sources (Kotler, & Keller, 2009, p. 116). In particular, contention as to which party between the vendor and the distributor should incur the initial cost of product design and development often arise in outsourcing. The supplier may not bear the initial cost of product development if the projected return from the investment is low. Additionally, the supplier may prefer a long-term contractual agreement, which ensure sustainability by generating enough returns to cover the tooling costs. The distributor, on the other hand, may consider outsourcing services from a different firm if the product is not performing well in the market (Kotler, & Keller, 2009, p. 114). In the light of this, the two parties often agree on a multi-year form of contract, which provide for reimbursement of initial production costs between the parties. However, multi-layer contracts often raise the issues of product pricing. As the production costs are dependent on volatile labor rates and material prices, developing a formula for pricing is often a challenge. Often, the foreign manufacturer proposes a price adjustment yearly. However, the American market may opt for cheaper alternative products. Therefore, the American firm should advance or reimburse the tooling costs to a foreign firm, which, h
Introduction and background of strategic alliance A global perspective is necessary for businesses since it assists in the process of identifying the prevailing threats and opportunities in the contemporary marketing arena. In spite of the fact that it is necessary to safeguard a business against global competition, it is vital to note that firms should seek ways and means of penetrating into international marketplace. For example, Barnes and Nobles bookstore entered into strategic alliance with Starbucks way back in 1993. The rationale behind the partnership was to put in place in-house coffee shops, an alliance that would benefit both parties. As a matter of fact, there are myriad of opportunities that are usually created when businesses penetrate into the global market. At this point, it is often of great importance for a firm to choose the most appropriate entry mode. While there are a host of entry modes that can be chosen by a business organization, it is worth noting that both economic merits and demerits of the chosen alternative should be assessed thoroughly. One of the most viable ways through which a firm can integrate its activities in the international platform is by creating strategic alliances. The term strategic alliance has been approached and described from different perspectives by various economic scholars. According to Inkpen (2003, p.84), whenever there is a formal agreement between two or more like minded firms to collaborate for the purpose of attaining common goals and objectives, it is referred to as a global strategic alliance. This kind of partnership is mostly common among international firms that are aiming at winning the market share by customer value creation or through competitive advantage. For instance, the Beijing University Founder Group and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) of China formed a strategic alliance in a bid to improve its market share. AMD deals with computer sale to the founder group. The university is deemed to benefit from subsidized pricing. In yet another definition of strategic alliance, Beverland and Bretherton (2001, p.89) posit that it may also refer to myriad of well established economic partnership between potential and actual competitors in the marketplace. This paper offers a succinct discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of strategic alliance as an entry mode into international market using specific key illustrations of firms that have adopted this mode. There are various reasons why firms would opt to ally with other business entities. In the case of an alliance, the partnering firms are in a vantage position to shoulder the burden of costs that are both fixed and varied alongside the incoming risks during the process of developing new products or services. In addition, alliances allow the integration of complementary assets and skills which may not be easily developed by either of the firm. Furthermore, be
Sentinel event at the Nightingale Community Hospital involved a child abduction incident on September 14 th , 2010 at 12.30 pm. Tina was scheduled for a minor operation at the hospital which would last approximately 45 minutes. Tina’s mother soon left to attend to a domestic issue after her daughter went to the operating room. She returned after two hours to take Tina home and discovered that her daughter was discharged 30 minutes later. The mother was enormously distraught, prompting security to be summoned. The local law enforcement later discovered that Tina had been taken by her father to his home to wait for her mother. The CEO of the hospital promised Tina’s mother that the occurrence would be analyzed and measures set up to prevent such an event from happening again (Sentinel Event, n.d., p.1). The roles of medical staff during a sentinel event are critical to the wellbeing of the injured patient. In the advent of a sentinel event, the Chief Medical Superintendent (CMS) must be informed of the incident immediately. The doctor on duty must also be notified if the sentinel event involves a patient. In case a patient is hurt in a common area, such as an elevator, sidewalks, or waiting room, the security personnel at the hospital must complete a Sentinel event report (Manohar, 2008, p.4). For instance, those who participated in the analysis of the child abduction incident on September 14, 2010, at Nightingale Community Hospital included: the security; Registrar; Pre-Op nurse; Chief Nursing Officer; O.R. Nurse; Surgeon; Discharge Nurse; and Recovery Nurse. The incident affected a number of hospital services such as the security services, discharge unit, Registrar unit and human resource department. There are several steps to be followed before a child is admitted at Nightingale Community Hospital. On arrival, the parent registers the child at the Registrar section where the demographic and infant information is captured. In Tina’s case, the Registrar did not capture information about the patient’s custody because it was not part of the hospital’s standard procedures. The child is taken to a pre-op section where the Pre-Op nurse conducts the pre-op assessment, changes the patient into a hospital gown, and administers the pre-op medicine. The parent is allowed to accompany the child to the door of the Operating Room suite to wait. After surgery, the child is transferred to the recovery area to regain consciousness. Once the child is stabilized, the parent is allowed in the room. Finally, the parent is taken through discharge teachings then allowed to leave with the child. There were several human factors that contributed to the incident at the hospital. First, the security was not informed about the kidnap incident immediately (the security learned about the incident 25 minutes later). Second, the Registrar did not bother to ask the mother about custody information of the child because it was not part of the hospital requirements. Third, the lack of effective communication between different departments played a major role in Tina’s kidnapping incident. Fourth, professional malpractices by nurses in the operating room were also evi