ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction History is a controversial phenomenon because it cannot always give a consistent appraisal of an event. For example, almost every agreement can be either positive or negative, depending on what side comments on it. The same refers to the Lewis and Clark Expedition of the early 19 th century. The given expedition resulted in economic, political, and environmental benefits for the United States, while Native Americans later considered it as an encroachment on their freedom and independence. Intended Goals of the Expedition Being one of the most significant expeditions in US history, the given mission had the following background. In 1803, Jefferson stated that the nation had bought approximately “825,000 square miles of land, mostly inhabited by Native Americans” (Meares par. 2). Since no American citizen has visited that territory, the president decided to send an expedition to explore the land. The journey was headed by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, who were representatives of the military. Also known as the Corps of Discovery, the men started the expedition in 1804. Jefferson provided Lewis and Clark with precise tasks to be performed. In addition to creating a map of new territory, the mission needed to establish political and economic relationships with the indigenous population as well as study flora and fauna. Jefferson’s another requirement was to find an all-water route along the Missouri River to reach the Pacific (Meares par. 6). Considering such a wide range of goals, one should not be surprised that it took almost two years for the mission to travel there and back. In general, the Corps of Discovery managed to perform most of its tasks, but the following comments will present a detailed insight into the expedition’s impact. Results To begin with, one should mention that the expedition failed to find the direct water route to the Pacific because it does not exist. However, the
Background The characteristics of teams have changed in different aspects relative to various organizational changes and the tasks assigned to different teams. As organizations expand across different geographical and industrial dimensions, the interactions and relationships between these organizations and their perceived customers, suppliers and other critical stakeholders determine organizational growth through collaborative work. Additionally, through knowledge management, different organizations have realized the need to ensure that the expertise and experience held by individual members are distributed across the whole organization (Kimball, 1997, p. 1). As a result, various organizational changes dictate the way teams are formed and operated. Furthermore, technology has enhanced the formation of efficient teams, which operate at multiple management levels and modes. For instance, virtual teams entail a group of co-workers who are geographically and organizationally interlinked through telecommunication tools and information technology systems. Here, teams located in different geographical areas in the world accomplish various organizational tasks through cooperation and collaborative means (Kimball, 1997). In this essay, we will review the case study, ‘Virtually there?’ with the aim of describing why the current case is a good example of a virtual team. Subsequently, the essay presents the advantages of the virtual team described in the current case. Furthermore, suggestions regarding the management of the virtual team in the current case are also provided in this essay. The case presented by Pearlson and Saunders is a good example of a virtual team because it describes a scenario whereby doctors located in different geographical areas can interact with their cancer patients through providing them with relevant information in real-time. Additionally, doctors within the same organization or between different organizations can collaborate to handle the same case concurrently. Furthermore, the project described in the case entails harnessing useful information held by individual doctors in an organization and making it available to the whole organization (Pearlson & Saunders, 2006). As a result, there is evidence of a group of coworkers who are interlinked organizationally and geographically in order to accomplish various organizational duties. Advantages of the virtual team in the case study In view of the foregoing discussions, it is obvious that the proposed project by Dr. Laura Esserman aims at facilitating the interaction between doctors and cancer patients in a virtual world. Here, the proponents argue that the use of virtual teams and tools will not only save cancer patients the agony of passively listening to impenetrable
Introduction The processes of Christianization and decolonization of the African continent are controversial topics for discussion in the academic community to this day. Another critical question remains whether Christian ideology and biblical philosophy affected the formation of African liberation movements. John Stuart tries to investigate the theological influence of Protestant and Anglican missionaries on various social and political processes in British Missionaries and the End of Empire: East, Central, and Southern Africa, 1939-64 impartially. The purpose of this book review is not only to give a summary of Stuart’s book but also to analyze its various points from a structural perspective. Summary John Stuart explores the topic of Christian missionary work in Africa in the mid-twentieth century. To be more precise, the author analyzes the activities of the Protestant, Anglican, and Scottish churches (Stuart 2011). The period for the narrative is around twenty-five years, beginning in 1939 and ending in 1964 (Stuart 2011). The author focuses mostly on the internal and external social and political processes of the countries of South Africa, such as Bechuanaland, Kenya, and Rhodesia. Stuart (2011) pays attention to the different relationships of the London Missionary Community (LMC), the UK government, and local African churches and Christian movements. The work also examines the political influence of African nationalist movements on apartheid states. Taking into consideration the fundamental topics of the book, there are three broad narratives that are separated by significant political events. These key plot milestones are the introduction of a color bar policy in South Africa in 1939, the creation of the Central African Federation in 1953, and the Mau Mau Uprising in the fifties (Stuart 2011). John Stewart most thoroughly analyzes the case of the interracial marriage of the prince Seretse Khama and Ruth Williams, paying attention to both the domestic political situation and the foreign reaction (Stuart 2011). The author also notes that Scottish missionary efforts attempted to resolve South African national issues from a local perspective, while the Anglican mission was strictly subordinate to Great Britain. Analysis Christian philosophy in British Missionaries and the End of Empire: East, Central, and Southern Africa, 1939-64 Through the narrative, the author invites readers to look at some major concepts and ideas. One of the key concepts is a Christian perspective on what is happening around the event (Stuart 2011). Stuart argues that missionaries often acted on a situational basis, sometimes arguing back the norms of the Church of England (Stuart 2011). This concept has two points of view, namely the Scottish and A
The Levittown project does not seem to address the issues outlined in the “Building Suburbia” connected to social roles and ethnic diversity. Instead, Levittown focuses on efficiency. The author of this project decided that it is possible to apply a principle used in different industries, such as manufacturing, to the process of constructing homes. Hence, mass production became of varied elements of homes became the center, although some differences such as coloring were allowed. Picture 1 shows the process of house construction of Levittown. Additionally, efficiency is displayed in other aspects, such as the shared plumbing system of the kitchen and bathroom. While the construction process is essential, the issue of social roles in suburban areas arises. In “Building Suburbia,” the author states the following – “if suburban space has somehow resisted ethnic diversity, it has been even less accommodating to the changes in household composition and women’s roles” (Hayden, 15). Thus, one can argue that the Levittown project addresses the critical problems of Suburbia by providing affordable housing, for only $9,000, which would allow for inclusivity of different social groups. Some of the social roles that are prescribed into the displayed way of life and reinforced through video are the young people, for whom Levittown was constructed. Levittown was designed for young people, meaning that the standard roles and responsibilities of different community members could be altered here, since due to affordability, different people could purchase a home in this community. Picture 1. Screenshot. Work Cited Hayden, Dolores. Building Suburbia. Vintage, 2004.
Introduction Orient object and its consumption has been suggested by Kim (2006) as an infiltration into the disciplinary procedures of ethnography used to delineate an aesthetic discourse of beauty used by professionals and merchants to represent the ahistorical, apolitical engagements with the east much exploited in mass media and scholarly texts in the west. This paper shall try to present the aesthetic as well as commercial interpretation of artist Yue Min Jun as an artist, in the eyes of a westerner but with the consideration of personal history and struggle to define and mold a person as an artist. Yue Minjun born in 1962 in the town of Daqing, Heilongjiang Province in China is considered one of the successful contemporary or avant garde Chinese artists. He is currently based in Beijing known for oil painting showing his laughing face in various scenarios and time frame although this has been replicated in sculpture, watercolor and even mass produced prints. It was said that Yue Min Jun worked in the oil fields of northeast China where his father also worked before he studied in the Oil Painting Department of Hebel Normal University in China in 1985. It has been said that he had to convince his employer to use some of his time to study from 1983 to 1989. His style was apparently inspired by Geng Jianyi in the 1989 China Avant Garde show in Beijing that depicted Geng’s laughing face. During this period, he has also been greatly disappointed with the Tiananmen Square tragedy so that in 1990, he moved in the outskirts of Beijing. According to Davis (2007), his style was developed with his artist friends supported by foreign art investors. On laughter, Yue Min Jun said, “I have always found laughter irresistible-well, at least I don’t dislike it. I paint people laughing, whether it is a big laugh, a restrained laugh, a crazy-laugh, a near-death laugh or simply laughter about our society: laughter can be about anything. Laughter is a moment when our mind refuses to reason. When we are puzzled by certain things, our mind simply doesn’t want to struggle, or perhaps we don’t know how to think, therefore we just want to forget it. The 90’s is the time when everyone should laugh. Artists are the kind of people who always like to reveal to the simple, innocent and humble souls the never-ending illusion of our lives,” (quoted from Yuen Min Jun, 2008). Discussion Many variations and techniques are implemented by Yue Min Jun in his art, but all these are depicted as background or setting to his formidable, permanent, signature a
Introduction All over the globe, different firms or companies experience challenges of competition from enterprises owned by the state. In a country like China, the companies that are owned by the state usually get some benefits in certain areas. These beneficial areas include taxation, and subsidies. With respect to this, the state owned enterprises are able to compete with the privately owned enterprises in the sense that they are able to get a lot of profit thus placing them in a good position to compete in the international market. Furthermore, enforcement of regulations is also included. Regulations enable the control of imports and exports in a country. These business regulations have created greater opportunities for China in the international market (Robinson, 1). China and the world market Development in China started in 2001. This is after China became a member of the World Trade Organization. During this time, China started to appear in the records of the FDI. The World Trade Organization (WTO) enabled it to do away with the non-tariff barriers. This has enabled China to expand its market territories internationally. WTO also offered rights to foreign companies to transact businesses. In addition, conditions of foreign investment were changed enabling foreign investors to invest in China (Rugman & Collinson 618). The ability for China to access the WTO is of very little significance to the US. China entering the WTO had a symbolic and a tangible end regarding any option to the global adoption of capitalism. Since its membership in the WTO, the Chinese participation has portrayed some kind of socialism. This has been an expectation by many. The growing economy and the access to the markets in America has been part of socialism (Beeson 731). In the past quarter of a century, the economy of China has been increasing by almost 10% every year. This has been as a result of several factors. These factors include; the strength and the practices of the Chinese businesses. This has culminated to domestic changes in China. Besides that, it has some implications internationally. In the recent years, the market had been flooded with products bearing the ‘made in china’ label. Also, the overseas Chinese firms have expanded greatly (Pan 8). The increased exports have resulted to higher incomes. On the other hand, this ways for other countries enabling them to export their products to the growing Chinese market. Production in China depends on the increasing importation of inputs. There has been high demand for importation of the consumer goods and food. Also, importation of metal-based products has also increased (Kiely 356). Global financial crisis in 2008 which is as a result of mortgage crisis in the US, contributed a lot in the present China. The crisis led to decrease in the overseas’ demands. It also led to Chinese enterprises receiving fewer orders from outside the country. The increa
In Amy Bloom’s Silver Water, it is Rose’s mental illness that works as a combining factor for the entire family. It holds the family together as a unit and allows them to become closer to each other. By helping Rose, they also help each other as they become stronger as a family unit. For the sister Violet, this experience is particularly moving because despite all the illness, she knows that there hides a beautiful sister behind that veil. The father, David, however faces a much tougher time dealing with the illness even though he is a psychiatrist. This shows that when it comes to important relationships, people might not be able to stay as objective as they do with strangers. In this story, we see beautiful strength of relationships that helps one family stay together and also get out of their individual issues. Throughout the story, we see Violet and Galen maintaining, healthy relationship with Rose. They are concerned about her well being and are more capable of dealing with it than David. David is a good father but he finds it difficult to connect with his daughter even though he wants to. He admires the way his other daughter and his wife can show their affection for the ill child. But even though he is the “kind, sad man” (88), he is described as a highly rational person who cannot handle too much emotional tangle. This may actually be a jab at psychiatry where they think that medicines and therapy is the only cure but forget about the all important human touch. It is the human touch that makes the world stay connected as we see in the story. Rose is not given much strength by her father who is way too rational and unemotional. He loves her but his inability to express affection leaves him I an odd position. On the other hand, his wife Galen and daughter Violet believe in loving the daughter irrespective of her mental state. Thus they are a better pillar of strength for Rose than David. He is a good organizer and attends all sessions with Rose but he sees things scientifically and is missing the point: “My father said, quietly, ‘It’s very hard. We’re doing all right, I think … We’re not doing all that well, actually, but I guess we’re getting by” (94). Galen is one of the most important figures in the story. She understands her daughter’s needs and since she is capable of doing something, she holds a more pivotal place than Violet. Violet loves her sister but doesn’t know how to help her out. Galen on the other hand is old enough to know that and she provides all the support that Rose could need. Since she is the mother, she knows what her daughters require and she was the first one to notice that there was something wrong with Rose. After an emotional
Throughout the history of mankind the notions of delusions have always been explored. Delusions/ dreams have not essentially hold the same cores but slowly changed with the changes in social understandings, environment and beliefs. It is understood that concept of religion in the US originated from Europe and that Puritans were the initial people who owned land in Americans. (Indians were the original owners). Irving (1996). It is well know that the Puritans moved to America to flee religious harassment; there dream was to have economic, religious, and social freedoms. In the colonial period individuals were known to be clean and there was no evil that was heard, seen, or said about. As superstition started to come into their daily lives, there were people who started commencing to a new way of life. This brought about the birth of the Gothic era; this meant that the entire splendor that was held in the colonial time was sluiced away with the coming of reality. The main aim of gothic was to unstitch the reality and show how evil the world was. Later on after this notion was overestimated and confusing people began to express themselves devoid of all of the gloom. The new era was later known as realism and its main purpose was to reveal the reality devoid of all of the allegories. Christine (1994). Pragmatism also denoted the notion of warfare and how the human beings were at the clemency of the environment. This meant that Human beings were no longer the determinants of life but the environment. During this era most women turned to be more open-minded and entities of the old puritan ways. These women no longer served their spouses but searched a new world of enthusiasm; this period later changed and turned to be what is known as post-modernism. Also during this period, the society considered having fun all through out day and night. In this period of Post-modernism people also believed that individuals ought to look into the past for them to be able to save the future. Irving (1996). It should be noted that the American dream is recurrently worked for except when it doesn’t seem to profit the citizens then what is it good for? In the era of post-modernism people see that the American dream is not limited amid particular individuals or groups but it is generally explored. This dream is based on erratic such as economics, gender, race, social class, and political concerns. The American dream was radically transformed and it unlocked its doors to a community of dissimilar genders and races. Christine (1994). At this time women were could now succeed and become part of their spouse’s world. In the story the Raisin in the Sun a wealthy Black-American was also introduced, George who took all of the erratic of this redefined dream. This man was in a campus
Introduction Deforestation has been one of the most significant threats to sustainability in the contemporary world. This process implies the excessive use of forests, including the lands and the wood material, for agriculture, fuel generation, and others. Indeed, forests are being cut into too large clear areas for fields to grow agricultural products to feed animals. Moreover, the demand for wood as a material has increased, which has yielded the intensification of deforestation. This tendency is now sustainability and environmental issue since deforestation particularly contributes to increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Miyamoto 1). Therefore, it is imperative to identify the most effective ways of reducing deforestation on a global scale to ensure environmental safety and sustainable economic development from a long-term perspective. Strategies for Preventing Deforestation The most effective way of solving the problem and preventing deforestation is through large-scale actions that would necessitate industries to comply with standards for deforestation minimization. According to Castro-Nunez et al., agriculture is the industry that causes the most harm to forests (5). Therefore, the first strategy that is likely to produce positive outcomes in terms of deforestation prevention is the intensification of standards and requirements for agricultural corporations. In particular, there are two ways to implement this strategy, namely through initiatives like zero-deforestation value chain interventions and supply chain restructuring to minimize excessive use of forests (Castro-Nunez et al. 5). If large corporations comply with such policies on a global scale, the change will be possible to achieve, and deforestation will be prevented. Secondly, initiatives on a governmental level should be broadened and intensified to ensure collaboration and commitment to the zero-deforestation goals by both the private and public sectors. Indeed, the use of forested lands should be strictly controlled by governmental bodies to promote sustainable use of forests by both public companies and private industry actors. Thirdly, the connection between poverty and deforestation implies implementing poverty-reduction policies as a way of deforestation prevention. Indeed, Miyamoto suggests that due to the high costs of sustainability policies implementation, developing countries, especially tropical ones, suffer from excessive deforestation due to their econ