ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background Alta Moda is an urban fashion store that retails women ware; most of its targeted customers are women in their late twenties to mid-thirties who are fashion conscious. This is a late entrant into the market, and since its entrance, it has experienced some good response from its market segment results that are purely attributable to the fact that the chain store has very effective marketers. The store target women as its customers, this is part of the market that is very sensitive to the type of clothing that they buy and would not condone any dissatisfaction (Albert 2006). The store has had all these uniqueness of its clients in mind and has continued to produce to the market tailor-made, unique styles targeting each and every determined customer of the company. This has, in turn, resulted in the tremendous growth of the firm that has opened five branches. It has currently opened its sixth, Toorak road south Yarra. This new branch is in response to the demand for the products of the firm. One year later, the returns from the new store are to be evaluated, this evaluation has been necessitated by the fact that the company needs to grow yet again and venture out in other areas as well. But it would be prudent to determine which collection release received the most welcoming response and how each and every released performed in the region. This would help establish how the other branches that are to be opened will operate and where they will be situated (Donaldson 2007). Alta Moda has four major releases in every year, and these are largely dictated by the seasonality. Marketing The first market strategy that Alta Mad has continued to use over the years is that they identified a single portion of the market on which they capitalized. This is a strategy that when manipulated properly, would normally result in positive performance just has been witnessed in the case of Alta Moda. The market was first determined on the: from broad to specific tactic (Alexander, Britton & Jorissen 2010). The first broad category was generally everyone as everyone dresses, then this was narrowed to women as they have more likelihood to purchase clothing than men do. This was further narrowed to the employed who are within the ages of late twenties to mid-thirties. It is at this stage that women feel a sense of freedom that is coupled with some independence brought about with the fact that they are at this stage getting employed. They, therefore, do group shopping and impulse buying is more rampant on them. Alta Mad understood this concept and has in the past tried to diversify in style, fashion and confidence that in one way
Introduction The movie called the “Business of Being Born” explores the debate about “midwives, home births, and hospital births in America” (Tracy, 2008). The movie generally favor the argument that in cases of normal births without complications, midwives can conduct home deliveries and this is seen to be better as compared to hospital births that are normally conducted by medical officers. “This movie is however strong on sound bites, emotional appeals, and superficial arguments, but weak on substance, depth, and scientific evidence for its claims” (Gaskin, 2003). Arguments about “The Business of Being Born” Access to Obstetric Care In the United States of America, access to obstetric care still needs to be improved. This is because not all pregnant women are able to access this service. For example, some women do not always have a good prenatal care. “This is because in US people are from different social and economic backgrounds and this has always dictated the kind of health care they can afford to use” (Simkin, 2010). C-section Delivery C-section deliveries are currently being embraced by many people in US yet some of the deliveries are normal and do not even warrant the use of such services. According to some midwives, cases of c-section births can be prevented or reduced. For example,” if women can be allowed to ambulate, to deliver squatting rather than supine, and to avoid certain interventions like epidurals and fetal monitoring” (Tracy, 2008). Apart from this, there is a group of obstetricians who think that delivery through c-section method is the best way for administering deliveries. Some of them use this method in order to act as evidence against any possible lawsuit that may arise if the outcome of the delivery process is challenged in a court of law. Some patients also persuade doctors to use c-section method because they prefer it to other modes of delivery. But I believe this is appalling. Home Birth The m
Article Counterpoint: Cultural Protectionism Is Necessary in Canada is written by Jeff Klassen and is published in Canadian Points of View: Cultural Protectionisms, which is the property of Great Neck Publishing. The principal thesis of the paper states that cultural protectionism is especially important for Canada in cultural, economic, and political aspects. Canada is actively working in this direction, but the growing pace of globalization and, in particular, American influence require a decent resolution to the concern of preserving cultural heritage and self-identification. The central purpose of this article is to draw attention to the current state of affairs on the world stage and emphasize the essential for cultural protectionism. Arguments of the Work The author emphasizes the importance of his judgments mainly with economic arguments, relegating the cultural aspect to the background. He argues that Canada, being a politically stable country, uses cultural protectionism primarily to protect vulnerable industries from the massive American influence. Klassen pays particular attention to the media and art industries, which experience severe competition from imported products. All the statistics given in the article testify to the insufficient financing of enterprises and cultural security measures and the low interest of residents. Evidence and Conclusion In Klassen’s work, one can see an active call for the separation of Canadian culture from an American one without turning into anti-Americanism. To argue his position, the author gives examples and brief comments on much evidence taken by Canada concerning cultural protectionism. For example, active support for the UNESCO Diversity Convention, the creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to increase Canadian content on radio, the organizing of the Canadian Heritage Department to protect cultural heritage. Everything is particularly compared with the American influence and position. The final thought of the article suggests that cultural protection is necessary for Canada’s economy and culture. However, this approach is not supposed to be overly confrontational. Reference Klassen, J. (2018). Counterpoint: Cultural protectionism is necessary in Canada. Canadian Points of View: Cultural Protectionism , pp. 3–1. EBSCOhost , Web.
Research indicates that there is a strong link between age and salary. Much of this relates to experience. Essentially in order to assess whether there is a correlation between the age of an employee and his/her salary a portion of the data from employee records from Northcross, Plc was utilized. This data contained information with regards to staff grade, department, salary and age was utilized. This data contained information for one hundred and twenty-eight (128) employees. A scatter plot was first done to determine if there was a concentration of employees who had a lower salary and were younger or visa versa. It was determined that there was. Salary was plotted on the x-axis and age on the Y. See Figure 1 for a picture of the resulting scatter plot. Figure 1. Scatter Plot The scatter plot indicated that there is a positive correlation between age and salary. As such a Pearson’s two-tailed bivariate analysis was conducted on this data to assess whether there was a correlation between salary and age. The results of this analysis yielded a correlation which was significant at the 0.01 level and a correlation coefficient of.661. This correlation, however, was low. When examining correlation, it is vital to know that correlation does not imply causation and as such, no inferences can be made. See table 1 for a complete breakdown of the correlation analysis. Table 1: Pearson’s Two-tailed Bivariate Analysis                                                               Correlations                                                                                                                             Salary   Age                                                                     Salary           Pearson Correlation  1        .611 **                                                                 Sig. (2-tailed)                       .000                                                                           N                128                  128                                                                            Age              Pearson Correlation  .611 **  1                                                                       Sig. (2-tailed)  .000                                                                                                N                128                  128              **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).  In addition to a Pearson’s correlation, regression analysis was conducted whereby salary served as the dependent variable and age was the independent variable. In the process, an ANOVA was conducted in order to ascertain whether there was a linear relationship between salary and age. In this case, the ratio of the two mean squares, labeled F, is 2.798. Since the observed significance level is less than 0.0005, you are able to reject the null hypothesis that there is no linear relat
Summary and major points Security is an essential part of society. However, security matters are politically influenced in most cases, and thus coming up with a concise definition has been a challenge. In this regard, security is politically indispensable since it plays a significant role in determining the distribution of power and resources in society (Williams 1). Thus, the development of the discipline of security studies is founded on the interpretation of security among different groups, comprehending the present, and influencing the future. This aspect is depicted by the massive budgetary allocations for security as opposed to the health, education, or development sectors (Williams 2). This paper focuses on an overview of the development of the field of security studies and the definition of the inquiry field. Since there are diverse perspectives on defining security, the same case is evident in the different perceptions regarding security studies. The etymology of security studies depicts that security developed from the beginning of man’s existence (Williams 2). As a discipline, the study emerged after the Second World War when it was categorized as a subfield of the discipline of International Relations (IR). The ‘golden age’ of its development was between 1950 and 1960 before further influence from the Cold War events (Williams 3). 1983 brought new light to understanding the field as Barry Buzan defined security studies from the military, political, economic, societal, and environmental aspects (Williams 3). Currently, problems have developed as parties differ on considering security studies as an IR’s subfield. Thus, the bias of the traditional definition of security, which was affiliated to the Westerners, demands the se
Introduction Nickolas Spykman is a political scientist whose ideas have shaped the international policies of the United States. This paper is aimed at discussing some of the concepts introduced by this geostrategist, namely the Rimland and Heartland. Moreover, it is vital to examine Spyman’s view of Russia and its relations with other countries such as China or America. Overall, one can say that Spykman advocates the necessity for balance of power in Eurasia. He does not want a single state to emerge as a superpower that controls this continent since this hegemony can undermine the authority of the United States. Moreover, he believes that Russia can potentially become the main enforcer of peace in Eurasia, provided that this country does not turn into an aggressor. The concepts of Rimland and Heartland First of all, Nyckolas Spykman distinguishes two geographical concepts like the Heartland and Rimland. The term Heartland refers to territory that was previously occupied by the Soviet Union (Spykman as cited in Hanks 287). Now it is the territory of several sovereign states like Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and so forth. In contrast, the Rimland includes coastal territories that encircle the Eurasian continent (Spykman, and Sempa 154). It should be noted that the Rimland incorporates the European coast land and the desert land of the Middle East. Nickolas Spykman lays stress on the idea that a country, which dominates the Rimland, can eventually shape the course of international politics and eventually “control the destinies of the world” (Spykman as cited in Hanks 287). These are some of the main concepts and ideas introduced by this political scientist. The idea of Fortress Russia and its relations with the West In Spykman’s view, Russia will inevitably play an important role in the formation of international politics. Spykman developed his ideas at the time when the Soviet Russia was an isolated country that distanced itself from the Western world. Yet, at that moment, the US and USSR were not in the state of Cold War. Still, at the first half of the twentieth century, one could really speak about such as a notion as Fortress Russia. However, even despite the antipathies existing between the United States and the Soviet Union, Spykman believed that American and Great Britain should enlist the support of Russia. The major argument of this geostrategist is that the Soviet Union could be the base for “the enforcement of peace” in the continent (Spykman as cited in Blouet 23). This is one of the ideas expressed by Nickolas Spykman. Nevertheless, this geostrategist also stresses the point that hegemony in Eurasia is not acceptable for the United States (Spykm
Summary of the Readings Authors’ Main Point Chapter 2 of the text focuses on how the institutionalization of differences in gender, race, and socioeconomic status, among others, perpetuates class privilege and disparity. The main argument centers on the social construction of hierarchical dissimilarities, creating normalized unequal and advantaging systems that are oppressive to women and other groups. According to Collins (2015), societal institutions are involved in the production and preservation of practices of inequality, such as sexism, heterosexism, and racism. The central point in chapter 3 is that gender privilege has driven girls to embrace masculine behaviors to be accepted by boys. Outline of the Argument A synopsis of the readings in chapter 2 is given below.   * Categories of oppression and privilege overlap   * We should shun dichotomous thinking, as it results in systems of oppression and inequality.   * Alliance formation and empathy will help foster social change   * Intersectionality universalizes feminine experiences, impeding our understanding of important struggles   * White people are blind to white privilege as men are unwilling to perceive their over-privileged status   * Unearned white or male advantage creates systems of dominance   * Cisgender privilege – gender identity or expression that corresponds to the assigned sex – discriminates against transgender people   * Gendered privilege is an outcome of the gender binary   * Classism lead to inequalities in workplaces and neighborhoods   * Internalized classism leads to discrimination and violence against minorities, migrants, and
Introduction It seems that the way in which children learn new skills is still a controversial issue in modern psychology. The question has been approached from two different angles. One view holds that development happens before learning and that once children reach a certain level of psychological and neurophysiological development they start to identify problems in their earlier worldview and then acquire skills to resolve those problems. This is a view held by one of the most famous psychologists in history – Jean Piaget (1977). One the other hand, Leo Vygotsky proposed a view that learning comes before development. Vygotsky argued that children acquire new skills through interaction with other people. On this view, it is crucial that the child be in interaction with an instructor who can point to flaws in the concepts a child has about the world and incite him or her to try to resolve the problems. The ontogenesis is, thereby, triggered by learning and problem solving (Vygotsky & Cole 1978). This issue has, for a long time, been regarded as philosophical in nature. However, in recent years experiments have been designed to try to accumulate enough evidence to conclude which of the theories accounts for the observed data more adequately. Professor Nunez has been the author of one such experiment. Her idea was to see whether proper instruction could trigger learning in young children at a point in the development at which they are usually not able to solve a problem of that particular type. If that turned out to be the case, we would have a good reason to believe that Vygotsky’s theory is the correct one. On the other hand, if it happened that young children simply were not able to give a solut
Abstract The research topic relates to the simulation of others’ actions, or imitation. It is seen that although the act of imitation could be reasonably performed, the method by which imitations are carried out, and how imitations are really effected, cannot be fully explained.There are several theories floating and the prominent among them are the active intermodel-mapping model (AIM) and the associative sequence learning models (ASL) which have been picked up for detailed discussion in this study. By making a comparative analysis of these two methods, AIM and ASL during the course of study, as applied to opaque and transparent studies of ear and foot, it is seen that the results of both the methods differ widely. The current studies aim to discern the forecasts made by the two reigning theories – The active intermodel-mapping model (AIM) and the associative sequence learning models (ASL). This was done through investigations of the imitations of novel opaque (ear movement) and transparent action (toe movements) Participants were required to perform these novel actions, either with, or without visual feedbacks. Thus, the impact of visual feedback on imitation of new actions were examined. The hypotheses to be tested are the following:   * Under AIM: No difference between feedback and non-feedback condition for either toe or ear movements. Participants should learn in both.   * Under ASL: More learning in feedback condition than non- feedback for ear movements (where there should be little or no learning).No difference between feedback conditioning for toe movements. Participants should learn in both. The results from this study circumspectly supports ASL Model, but it is believed that are yet plenty of aspects to be discussed before a final decision is awarded. Theories of imitations Introduction The aspect of imitation is a common subject in psychology, by which the observer tries to copy the body movements of another based upon observed characteristics of body movements. “An observer can be said to imitate an instructor when:  1. The observer produces behavior similar to the instructor.  2. The observer’s action is caused by perception of the instructor.  3. Generating the response depends on equivalence between the observer’s self-generated actions and the actions of the instructor. (Hoffman, et al. 2006, P. 299). An important aspect regarding imitation is that when we observe the outward manifestation of movements of subjects, we observe only the outward movements and not the internal muscular activations. Thus
Introduction Although the Hope for New Life is bound to have a tremendous effect on the Malaysian migrant workers, its power will be quite hard to evaluate, since the changes will occur in a range of domains of the workers’ lives, including health related (Su, Hoe, Masilamani, Mahmud & Bulgiba, 2011), economic, social and financial ones (Zimmerman, Kiss & Hossain, 2011); nevertheless, by using such tools as surveys and statistical analysis (Buros Institute of Mental Measurements, n. d.), as well as combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, one will be able to compare the life standards before and after the Hope for New Life will have taken its effect. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Redefining the Tools To evaluate the efficacy of the Hope for New Life, it will be necessary to use a combination of a qualitative and quantitative approach. Though the emphasis should be out on the quantitative aspect of the experiment, it will also be required to analyze the quality of the changes that will supposedly occur to the migrant workers (Tang & Chye, 2013). Thus, it will be possible to define whether the influence of the Hope for New Life is going to have any staying power on the migrant workers and the integrity of their community (Cheam, 2013). Variables: What Needs to be Measured and How Since the goal of the research is to improve the Malaysian workers’ standards of life by boosting their confidence and introducing the principles of integrity into their community, which, in its turn, can be achieved by a Christian organization, the effects that the Hope for New Life will have on the Malaysian workers will have to be measured (Kortlik, Williams & Jabor, 2011). Dependent variables: the quality of migrant workers’ life In the course of the research, the changes in the migrant workers’ confidence, will to fight for their rights and integrity will be observed. Therefore, it can be assumed that the standards of the migrant workers’ life are the dependent variables, which will be changed throughout the research ( NCU template Applied Degree CP 2013 (DBA) or NCU template PhD CP 2013 (PhD), n. d.). Independent variables: the endeavors of the Hope for the New Life As for the independent variables, the influence that the Hope for New Life is going to have on the lives of migrant workers in Malaysia should be mentioned. In other words, the methods utilized by the Christian organization, particularly, the spiritual guidance (Hart, 2010), will be regarded as the key independent variable. Constructs: defining the link between faith, strength and hope Among the constructs that will be the most important for the study, such concepts as faith, hope and resistance towards outside negative factors will be used in the r