ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Argues in favor of Loewen’s book One of the foremost aspects of today’s American living in the fact that, as time goes by, more and more citizens grow increasingly alienated from so-called ‘American values’, due to their apparent euro-centrism. In its turn, this greatly undermines society’s integrity from within. In his book Lies my teacher told me , James Loewen discusses such suggestion at length while pointing out the fact that the very functioning of the American educational system contributes to the problem rather substantially. According to the author, the way in which American history is being taught in schools, colleges and universities, cannot possibly be referred to as appropriate, because it subtly casts doubt onto the conceptual validity of multiculturalism by confirming the soundness of a racist prejudice that it was namely due to the activities of White citizens, that the progress in America was possible, in the first place. For example, even though that the authors of history textbooks do discuss the evils of slavery, they nevertheless tend to perceive slavery as something rather superficially related to the course of American history, as a whole: “They (authors) shoehorn their improved and more accurate portrait of slavery into the old “progress as usual” storyline. In this saga, the United States is always intrinsically and increasingly democratic, and slaveholding is merely a temporary aberration, not part of the big picture. (p. 135). Thus, as of today, we have a peculiar situation. On one hand, students are being taught to think of slavery as something rather shameful, but on another, they are being simultaneously taught to view slavery as an integral part of American history. In its turn, this instills students with the sensation of cognitive dissonance. Apparently, even today, the American system of history-related education continues to remain affected by the legacy of white racism, wh
It sometimes raises so many questions as to why a human being with a sane mind can sit before a screen and watch horrendous scenes being displayed. Is it that the sight of blood excites all these people? Are people so heartless to sit glued in cinema theaters anticipating seeing bizarre scenes? These are some of the things that I shall endeavor to explore as I take you through the world of watching horror feelings and some of the mortals enjoy by so doing. People watch horror films to be frightened in their minds. The thrill that comes with watching this movie is just too intense to be ignored (Murray). Human beings naturally enjoy such situations that will tend to raise their adrenaline levels and make them drift from reality. In so doing, the horror serves as an outlet for tension and anxiety levels that arise in our day to day lives. The regular release of tension and anxiety from the body is critical in ensuring its optimum working levels and maintaining proper health. Watching of horror movies is in this case essential in sustaining the body. The watching of these kinds of movies also provides an opportunity to explore social virtues and vices from a different perspective. Most horror movies involve high-order thinking by extremely brilliant script writers, producers, directors and actors. In so doing, the outcome becomes highly personalized and keenly intertwined with the day to day occurrences in society. This is, however, done indirectly by mostly applying supernatural powers in the use of the nonexistent monsters and vampires. The arm chair position, that we assume, enables us to see the effects of the various societal norms from a third person perspective. This goes a long way in instilling critical values in an individual’s life and interaction with others. Horror movie watching is a recurrence of what most of us started in our childhood. The art of reading horror stories in our early developmental stages in life makes it easy to watch horror movies (Murray). In addition to that, as children we all watched cartoons many of which were a light version of horror movies. These movies are, however, not all destructive to these children. They help them come to terms with some harsh realities in life, for instance death. Death is a key highlight of most horror movies making them accept it as an occurrence that we have no control over. The taste of horror movies across the genders slightly varies. Males tend to enjoy more hard core horror movies than the females (Murray). Adolescent boys will tend to be more inclined towards to films offering extreme violence and sex as their key themes. On the contrary, these types of films will not appeal to their opposite members as they mostly depict the antifeminist idea and insult the institution of womanhood. Horror movies offering psychological puzzles will mostly appeal to the ladies. These types of horror films are more engaging to the mind and offers higher levels of suspense. In addition to that, they are more realistic in trying to capture societal occurrences. Horror films, therefore, provide a te
Problem Statement and Research Question The research is devoted to testing a palliative care (PC) nurse practitioner-led (NP) intervention method “the Co Creation of Possibilities” (CP) described by Bergdahl, Benzein, Ternestedt, Elmberger, and Andershed (2013). CP includes the discussion of the needs and goals (wishes) of the patients that are not connected to healthcare but may be affected by the state of health, approving them or substituting them with more attainable ones, and co-creating a plan for fulfilling them. Bergdahl et al. (2013) have found out that NPs use CP with PC patients suffering from various illnesses instinctively, but they are not always successful. The model of CP proposed by the authors may assist in understanding the intervention and provide a ground for informed CP activities that can fulfill the functions of health-related education and support. Apart from that, the authors expect CP to improve NP-patient relationships. In other words, informed CP is likely to help NPs improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients in palliative care (PC) in several ways, but this method has not been researched yet. The presented study is aimed at changing this fact. The PICOT research question will be formulated as follows: in PC patients being treated by
Introduction William Shakespeare, the famous writer and poet referred to the world as a stage with all of us are merely players (Dimitrova, 2002). These words seemed to be sophisticated because of the difficulty in understanding what he really meant. However, as time has passed by, the words have become clearer to us. The world has become very informed. There is a smooth flow of information from one corner of the world to the other. At the same time, the boundaries which separated nations are now permeable. People travel easily from country to country. At the same time, the production of goods and services has also expanded. The world has a variety of goods and services from which a consumer can choose from to ensure that he/she can get maximum satisfaction. Lastly, the ec
The global climatic change has become one of the major concerns among many nations. This is because of the human and industrial activities that have continued to make negative impact on the climate. Countries therefore ought to formulate policies that reduce the effects of negative externalities such as emissions (Montgomery, 1972). The following are some of the policies that could be used to reduce emissions. Countries can use taxation policies where taxes would be imposed on industries for every given quantity of carbon emitted. This would discourage the companies from excessive use of processes which would be of negative impact in the environment (Joseph, 2004). This would work out if the cost of avoiding emissions would be less than the cost of paying the tax associated with the emissions. The other policy could be setting a ceiling on the amount of emissions that companies should produce. The governments can then sell allowances to companies which want to exceed the ceiling prices (Joseph, 2004). The advantage of this is that companies that can buy as many allowances as possible. This would ensure controlled emissions for the set safety valve prices. Taxation policy would work out perfectly because companies exist mainly to make money. One of the determinants of the mode of operation is the associated. If the cost of avoiding tax would be less than the cost of paying the tax associated with the emissions, companies would choose to produce without the emissions and thus reduce their operating costs (Montgomery, 1972). Setting of ceiling amount of emissions after which companies purchase allowances would be effective since the companies would want to reduce their emissions as much as possible. This would as a result ensure that the emission is controlled. The introduction of emission taxes would mean that Companies that produce at high level of emissions would pay higher taxes and this would result in more revenue to the government. This money could be used by the government to fight the negative effects of emissions. The benefit of setting tax ceiling is that companies that have high levels of emission purchase more allowance than the companies that have less emissions (Joseph, 2004). By purchasing the allowances companies would pay for the amount that they emit therefore pay for their environmental pollution. The cost of tax ceiling would be relatively cheap. This is because what the government would need to do is set an agency that would monitor the amount of emissions by companies. Most governments have already set environmental management authorities and what remains is just to empower these agencies to monitor the emission. The cost of setting the emission ceiling would be relatively manageable as well. However, some companies could opt to shift their operations to other countries where there are no such regulations. This would highly cost countries in terms of employments and tax revenues. The decision on the best level of emission reduction would be the challenge since m
According to John Locke, a British philosopher, and physician, the mind existed like a blank slate in which experience would be etched. Additionally, his work was the foundation of an empiricist approach to philosophical questions. As such, his approach suggested that reality was the world that caused sensations and the truth was the ability to acquire knowledge of the world through mental concepts as a product of empirical sensations. Other empiricists such as George Berkley hypothesized reality is our perception and ideas of the world while the truth was understanding these perceptions and ideas. Immanuel Kant was also a vital philosopher of the time who attempted to merge the thinkings of rationalism and empiricism by suggesting that both are essential in understanding the world. Important terms that emerged and are discussed in the chapter include ‘metaphysics’, that which is real, and ‘epistemology’, that which is true (Chaffee, 2015). Another vital concept, the causal theory of perception, hypothesized that there are four separate elements in the process of knowledge acquisition. The first is the entity or object within the world. The second is the sensations that are emitted from the object, often related to the five senses. The third is ideas, which were defined as impressions or images produced in the mind. The fourth referred to the human subject or the and which can then perceive the ideas and investigate them. Other beliefs of the time also included subjective idealism that proposed that only ideas and conscious minds possess real existence. A similar sentiment was reflected in Berkley’s ‘Law of Nature which proposed that the entire world was simply an idea in God’s mind. Alternatively, skepticism suggested that genuine knowledge was impossible. Works Cited Chaffee, John. The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas . 5th edn. Pearson, 2015.
Purpose of Response to Intervention Response to Intervention (RTI) is an academic intervention method whose purpose is to assist children with learning difficulties through providing early and methodical assistance. It aims at preventing students from academic failure by intervening early and measuring their progress frequently. The data derived through the monitoring of students is used in making educational decisions. Children who continue having learning difficulties are put through rigorous research-based learning interventions. The process of RTI is divided into three tiers and at each level there are increased interventions. The first tier involves providing intervention and instructions to all the students, focusing on the core curriculum. Most of the students are able to acquire the required grades by receiving instructions from this level. Students who still have difficulties at the first tier are given additional instructions at the second tier, which involves instruction in small groups. Even after the interventions at the second tier, some students still experience learning difficulties. These students receive third tier interventions that involve intense instructions on a one-on-one basis. Students who fail to respond to the interventions at all the three levels are referred to the special education (Kubiszyn and Borich, 2009). Data is collected in order to determine the effectiveness of the interventions and determine what intervention is best suited for each individual student through Curriculum Based Measurement. If students do not respond to a certain level of intervention, more rigorous methods are applied until the best method is determined and the students show improvement in their skills. The students’ progress is regularly monitored in order to assess whether the students are responding to the learning program, to come up with interventions for students with learning difficulties and to evaluate the students’ progress rate (Brown-Chidsey and Steege, 2010). Benefits of Response to Intervention The Response to Intervention approach has numerous benefits. It ensures an early intervention to meet the needs of students with learning difficulties. This approach is more advantageous than other models such as the test-score discrepancy model, which requires that students fail first before they are given special education support. Therefore, RTI prevents students from failing unlike other approaches that let students fail before they can be referred. Moreover, the RTI approach pinpoints the particular instructional strategies that suit specific individuals. It provides valuable information that is used in developing successive learning interventions (Brown-Chidsey and Steege, 2010). This approach also draws a difference between disability and poor instruction as causes of learning difficulties in students. Students who are unable to respond to the learning interventions are referred to special educati
The modern world witnesses the success of women in different areas of life. Religion is one of the spheres where women’s contributions become more and more tangible. As mentioned by Johnson, women’s influence is already felt in different aspects of religion and, particularly, in the one dealing with the “central issue of the image and concept of the divine, the One who is the source, sustaining and saving power, and goal of the world, whom people call God” (Johnson 134). In her Naming God She: The Theological Implications , Elizabeth Johnson proposes an argument that our definition of God affects who we are and what we do; she supports this idea with evidence from biblical texts and the works of women scholars drawing important conclusions in the course of her work. To begin with, in her work, Johnson argues that the way in which people define God affects strongly what they are and what they do. Her thesis focuses on the idea that “God has a unique potential for affecting change at a deep and lasting level” (Johnson 135). At this, the author mentions that certain theological implications emerge when the image of women is used for naming God: “If God is “she” as well as “he,” a new possibility can be envisioned of a way of living together that honors difference but allows women and men to share life in equal measure” (Johnson 135). Therefore, her work focuses on the influence that the image of God has on the lives of believers. Additionally, Johnson provides quite convincing evidence in support of her thesis. She draws attention to the female images in the biblical texts, such as the image of Divine Sophia in the book of Wisdom, a female protagonist searching for a silver coin in Luke’s Gospel, as well as to the works of such female scholars as Julian of Norwich, Linda Reichenbecher, Naomi Janowitz, Maggie Wenig, and Mary Kathleen Schmitt. Taking into account these examples, Johnson suggests that “owning the belief that we are truly created in the image and likeness of God, we are seeking sources that bless rather than demean the reality of being female” (138). This creates a further idea that naming God from the women’s reality has implications for the truth about God and for the dignity and equality of women. And lastly, Johnson draws several important conclusions based on the ideas that she advanced in her work. One of the most important conclusions is that “every use of female images for God produces one more fragment of the truth of the mystery of God healing, redeeming, and liberating all human beings and the earth” (Johnson 149). Another important conclusion concerns the effects of naming God she , namely, challenging the dominance of men over women because those are mainly males that the image of God is associated with; among such effects, Johnson identifies physiological, social, and spiritual effects that m
The period of 1850 to 1915 offered great historical experience to the African American in the United States. It was characterized by historic events that served to change the course of the African American from that of being dominated upon in economic, social, and cultural affairs to that of emancipation in these areas. This essay explains why the experience is best described as a historical change rather than an historical continuity. During the period under examination, the African American culture changed significantly. Families did not take meals times as family time and have conversations on the table during meal times. It was very odd to find a whole family in a house having meal at the same time (Washington p.114). Another notable change was in churches, where the emancipation of the African Americans from slavery resulted in a movement of churches that were mostly Baptist (Johnson p.135) that developed a district characteristic in worship that previously was only noticed in songs sung from generation to generations in their houses. New freedoms allowed the African American to incorporate his tradition in their church and this attracted various people into the church ministry such that there was a notable increase in formation of new churches during this period (Du Bois p.121-123). African Americans during this period started gathering in public, especially on Sundays when there were no work in the field. Washington writes that women spent their leisure Sunday afternoons in the towns, with the excuse of going shopping (p.115). African Americans could now be able to participate and get involved with other Americans as equals even though they still faced some prejudice (Johnson p.13). They attended schools together with other Americans and participated in sports and other activities up to a national level. Another first for African Americans was that they now could interact with other Americans based on what they were and not what the color of their skin was. This was also characterized by newer choices of careers that previously were not known to be adopted by African Americans especially in art (Johnson p.59 & 104). Another significant experience for African Americans was formation of their own institutions which allowed them to advance their cultural interests. Newer schools that were formed incorporated the importance of the African American history in their curriculum to teach character. African Americans started their own schools, or gained control of the running of their own schools and therefore for the first time they were able to incorporate studies that they saw as important to their progression both socially and economically. This changed their course towards that of more civilization and hope for the future. Few African Americans who were able to graduate through the formal schooling became as role models and examples to others and were instrumental in altering the negative behaviors that characterized African American communities such as lynching by mob. By offering examples of proper ways of conduct and showing the results through their ability to participate
Diagnosis Based on the recent data provided by AGC, the company has been suffering from a lack of consistent leadership and the inability to meet the culture-specific needs of its staff members. Indeed, even though the employees have been provided with extensive opportunities for training their skills, the fact that the company has been paying little to no attention to their specific needs defined by their background shows that the current human capital management (HCM) strategy leaves much to be desired (Armstrong & Taylor, 2014). Therefore, there is an urgent need to redesign the current approach toward HCM and introduce the framework that could help take the unique needs of the staff into account. Thus, the turnover rates in the organization could be reduced to a considerable extent (Lawler & Bodreau, 2015). Furthermore, the fact that the managers of the company failed to introduce an appropriate HCM framework points to the fact that the organization lacks a set of values that would help steer the decision-making process the right way and consider the needs of the employees fully. In other words, it is imperative to revisit the set of values and the corporate philosophy on which the decision-making processes are based at present. Afterward, a more cohesive HCM approach can be designed. Intervention To improve the current situation at AGC, the leaders of the organization will have to reconsider the values according to which the company’s decision-making process occurs. By setting the priorities straight and recognizing the necessity to cater to the needs of the staff members, the leaders of AGC will be able to improve the current situation significantly. Particularly, a very heavy emphasis must be placed on the promotion of cross-cultural communication and the design of negotiation strategies. Indeed, in a multicultural environment, conflicts are going to be inevitable due to the differences in viewpoints and philosophies. Consequently, the adoption