ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Sigmund Freud, a famous and recognized psychologist focuses largely on the representation of the uncanny, a mysterious experience that cannot be explained, but that happened in the past. Although this experience is well established, it is repressed by our consciousness, but later flashbacks in an unexpected disguise. These explanations are typical of Franz Kafka stories representing inexplicable and even mysterious experiences. Despite the fact that Kafka was not the support of psychoanalysis and its positive influence on neurotic mind, his story still relies on numerous examples of the uncanny. As an example of the uncanny, it is possible to refer to Kafka’s novel The Trial through generalization and abstract representation of the archaic Court that interferes with Josef K’s rational and conventional world. In this context, the uncanny nature of the law is presented through recurrence of family, yet abstract manifestations of hero’s guilt that is disguised in an irrational way. Specific attention requires the moment when Joseph decides to visit the Court, as it was previously resolved and appointed by the court agents. However, the uncanny events are happening to the hero as he starts searching for the Court. The first moment is that no information has been mentioned concerning the time of arrival to the place, except for the address. Despite this uncanny moment, Joseph K strives to adhere to a common sense and decide to visit the appointed place at nine in the morning because it is a logically presumed time for starting all court procedures. Another strange thing is that the hero sets out to the Court on Sunday, the day when people are not expected to go to work. Nevertheless, Joseph K makes inquiries and finds the building with multiple doors and stairwells which make it difficult for him to find the right room. When, he finally finds the room in which court procedures are carried out, Joseph is a bit surprised at the number of people and the hall interior. The court is located in the attic; it is quite stuffy and does not look like an ordinary court. With regard to the above-presented experience, the interrogation scene introduces surreal and mysterious representation of the location. In addition, the depiction of the murmuring masses, stony silence, and hidden signs also contributes to the uncanny atmosphere. The scene reminds more of the dream in which the hero is lost while looking for the right place. Joseph suffers from suffocation and lack of fresh air. At the same time, this experience is not a dream because the people sitting in the room consider the trial seriously and strive to make sense of their actions. Most of heroes represented in the building are described with a realistic accuracy, as if everything that Joseph does is rational. Yet, the uncanny combination of Joseph’s realistic perception and mysterious and irrational representation of judicial system contributes to Kafka’s fictional style of writing. In the attempt to reason the situation, Joseph questions, “Were the court offices here, in the attic of this tenement, then?” (Kafka 110). However, this question was never logically answered in the story. In conclu
The Postmodern condition by Jean-Francois Lyotland is writing that focuses on narratives and historical metanarratives. The author of this article is trying to analyze the notion of knowledge in a postmodern society and looks at different perspectives that may have been given to the same. It is a short but very influential article about the impact that technology has had in exact sciences. There are different metanarratives that the author is addressing such as reductionism and teleological notions of human history such Enlightenment and Marxism. These are things that have become untenable according to the author and advancement in technology, mass media and computer science and the main reasons behind this. Modern science is therefore something that is destroying its own metanarrative. “I can’t even think straight” by Arlene Stein and Ken Plume heavily focuses on the theoretical and empirical approach towards homosexuality and how the same is making matters even worse. The author is talking about the manner in which different perspectives have been brought forward about the topic of homosexuality and how the “feminist revolution” is missing in sociology. Studies about gay and lesbians mainly occur around issues of deviance, gender and sexuality which are sometimes biased. Two camps, empirical and theory-oriented have emerged and each one of them presents its findings and also creates a problem about how the issue might be understood. Labeling of homosexuals is becoming problematic and as a result of that, it can only be termed as deconstructionism of constructionism. The attempt to define the gay and lesbian community itself is creating a lot of politics around the problem which makes matters even complicated. Cultural Codes and Democratic Communication by Jeffrey C. Alexander looks at political power, and how it is a tool for communication in modern-day society that is faced with a number of issues including understanding homosexuality. Politics has a strong reference to a symbolic code and it is, therefore, important to understand that it never happens by accident. Speeches might be situationally motivated, but on the other hand, they have a deep symbolic structure and their impact cannot be ignored. Universalistic ties that are being enjoyed today cannot be smooth without all these issues and this is because people attach different meanings to different symbols. The Modern World-System in Crisis by Immanuel Wallerstein looks at the capitalistic world system that we are in today and says that it has been in crisis for a very long period of time. This is bound to continue according to the author because wild oscillations of the same are felt after a set period of time. There is a great shift that is working to reinforce the status quo and the entire world system is getting into a crisis. Rob Ford in this case is talking about patriotism and matters of gay and lesbianism as far as Olympics in Sochi is concerned. In his own view, the mayor supports the athleti
Introduction The health of ethnic minorities is among the most important questions related to the healthcare system in the United States. Due to some disparities linked to populations’ economic status, access to resources, and other factors, specific approaches to health promotion are needed to encourage the well-being of minorities. This paper focuses on the unique problems of American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AIAN), health-related differences between this and other groups, and improvement strategies. Group Identification and Description AIAN is the minority group that includes the representatives of a few hundred indigenous tribes except for Native Hawaiians. According to the Office of Minority Health (2018), this ethnic minority presents about 2% of the U.S. population. Concerning the health status, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017) reports, about 27% of people from the group aged 1-64 are uninsured compared to the national average not exceeding 10%. More than 13% of them are in poor health, which is about two times as large as the average value (CDC, 2017). As is clear from the data, the chosen population’s current health status is far from perfect. The health situation of the minority population is heavily influenced by race and ethnicity that are related to economic inequality. More than a quarter of the AIAN population live in poverty, and only 60% of them are urban citizens, which impacts their access to healthcare (OMH, 2018). Another factor linking ethnicity and poor health is the population’s territorial isolation associated with underdeveloped hospital infrastructure (OMH, 2018). Therefore, AIANs’ health status has to deal with some culture-specific factors. Health Disparities and Nutritional Challenges The AIAN population in the United States experiences a range of health disparities contributing to its present health situation. In addition to the mentioned health insurance rates, the group is in a disadvantageous position when it comes to an average life span and the quality of living (OMH, 2018). The same is true in relation to morbidity rates for some chronic health conditions. Compared to White Americans, AIANs are statistically more likely to develop type II diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (Adakai et al., 2018). With that in mind, the population’s health risks present a particularly important research topic. As for nutritional challenges, they exist due to two factors, such as financial inequality and ineffective efforts aimed at healthy lifestyle promotion. For example, according to the data for the Arizona population in 2017, AIANs were more likely to consume a lot of alcoholic drinks and sweet beverages compared to other ethnic groups (Adakai et al., 2018). As is stated by Jernigan, H
Problems with the Current System of Higher Education The inherent problem with the current ideology surrounding higher education is that it has led to the development of a “credential culture”. This means that higher education from the point of view of Deresiewicz (2008) is that obtaining a degree is no longer associated with the pursuit of knowledge but rather the pursuit of credentials which in itself undermines the basic tenets of the whole process of education (Deresiewicz, 2008). The basic tenet of such a development is the belief that, without proper college credentials, a person will wind up with a low paying dead end job. It is due to this belief that high school graduates who initially cannot pay for their college education due to financial limitations wind up having to rely on student loans, scholarships and financial aid in their attempt to attain a college education. The Missed Fundamental Point The fundamental point that Deresiewicz (2008) argues that is missed by government legislators is not that the cost of education is increasing exponentially rather it is whether students actually gain anything from the education they pay for. As Deresiewicz (2008) indicates, in a regular free market environment, there is a certain degree of relative quality that comes with the cost of a product, the higher the quality the higher the inherent cost of the product purchased. In the case of education, the increasing costs do not match any subsequent increase in the perceived quality of education. There are many cases when classes are not often taught by professional teachers but rather by teaching assistants or by people undergoing practical training. Actually, there is no inherent guarantee made by the schools that by gaining a college education, he/she will immediately be entitled with a job commensurate with your degree (Haag, 2011). Sometimes, it is really difficult to find a job position right after completing the education that corresponds the profession. It is often the case that college students have to start at the very bottom of the company with jobs that do not necessarily entail the knowledge gained in college. Investing instead of Educating In one instance, Deresiewicz (2008) makes the argument that the amount of money that goes into a college education, at the current level that it is being taught at, would be better served in other investments that produce an immediate and tangible result. He does this by comparing the difference in average pay over a lifetime between college graduates and high school graduates and states that the same amount of money used to buy a college education could have been used to invest in the stock market yielding double the average returns of the pay difference between a college and high school graduate (Kelly, 2010). What must be understood is that this argument bases itself off the fact that a person does not necessarily need to graduate from college in order to become successful. Some of the richest and most successful men on the Earth never finished their college degrees and the fact remains that there are various alternative paths that can be pursued which can r
Can you think of two examples of something you use every day that you can express as an integer (one positive, one negative)? Next, think of something you use every day you can express as a fraction or a decimal Every day I have to carry at least 2 pens for writing notes in class. One has to be a red pen and the other is a black pen. The red pen can only be used for writing headings or topics so that I can quickly find the topics when revising. Therefore, 2 is a positive integer (Roger, 2003). I have a personal thermometer to measure the room temperature which sometimes falls to less than zero degrees. The thermometer reading can be -10 degrees Celsius. This is very common during the winter season. It becomes too cold to even walk out of the buildings. I use 6hrs of my time every day to sleep and have a rest. This means that I only make use of ¼ of the day for sleeping. A person is required to have sufficient time for sleeping so that the mind can be able to concentrate fully on daily work. Why is it important to understand linear equations in business? Linear equations are very important in business as they can be applied in the decision-making process and also an estimation of future sales of the business. It can also be used in estimating the fixed costs and variable costs in the budgeting process. For example, if the Total cost=Fixed Cost +Variable Cost, then Fixed Cost can be calculated as the difference between Total Cost and Variable Cost. For a corporation like Pharmaceutical Product Development, Inc. (PPD, 2012), it has to make use of linear functions in measuring all the quantities and types of molecules required for a given compound at the bio-analytical laboratory. PPD has succeeded in training by allocating its human resources team with enough resources and funds after the analysis of the costs and training needs of its employees (PPD, 2012). How much difference do you think it makes for your bank account whether there is continuous compounding of interest, or only monthly or annual compounding? Do you ever try to make the interest calculations yourself for the interest you earned? A continuous compounding interest involves working out the interest for the first period after which it is added to the principal amount to arrive at a different principal for the next period until the end (Higgins, 2004). For example, we can assume that one has invested $10000 in a bank that pays an interest rate of 10% per annum. I
Modern society is multicultural and mono-ethnic, which is a unique and highly new phenomenon for people. In the past, humanity lived in separate, often isolated, monocultural, and monoethnic groups, perceiving people who were strangers exceptionally negatively. However, over time, the world has become globalized, and due to social, historical, and economic reasons, modern people live in multicultural and heterogeneous communities. It is precisely because of this topic of interaction between people of different ethnic groups and cultures that their influence on each other is still the object of active study (Nelson et al., 2018). This paper examines the interaction and features of the development of ethnic identity for white and black early adolescents. A study by del Toro and Wang (2020) examined whether school cultural socialization of 961 African American teenagers predicted GPA through their ethnic and racial identity. The results showed that teens who perceived more school socialization had higher grades at 1 and 2 years. Moreover, the study discusses the implications of how educators can help teens of color succeed in school by reducing tension and miscommunication between white and black teens. A number of studies support the idea that, despite the relatively generally accepted concept that parenting and identities are predominantly influenced by parents, this is not entirely true. The final meta-analytical model adjusted for sample size showed that parental ethnic socialization predicted ERI study and adherence, while only peer training for bias predicted ERI adherence. The results of this study highlight the import
The primary level of prevention is specific and precedes medical ailments through evaluating the causes. It is practiced before contracting an infection and is a preventive strategy that indulges in prevention of a disease before its occurrence. Primary Prophylaxis measures are undertaken to ensure public health and avoid treatment or curing a medical condition. Several medical disorders could be prevented through immunizations and adoption of healthy lifestyles. Nurses are now able to apply their skills and resources in preventing ailments hence, promotion of health (Anderson & McFarlane, 2010). Health promotion programs are aimed at declining Incidence as well as prevalence of an ailment through persuading the population engage in protective measures. Such activities involve health education, healthy eating habits, developing personality, marriage counseling, environmental cleanliness, and risk factors reduction (Bonita et al., 2006). Primary education is geared especially on health education and promotion, to prevent onset of a certain diseases. This is attained for instance through active as well as passive immunizations, health education, managing body weight, hand washing, avoiding drugs and substance abuse, responsible sexual behaviors and having healthy eating habits. It may involve conducting examinations as well as screening procedures in relation to the age, family history and health of a community, a family or an individual. For instance, a family history of cancer requires the members to have early and regular screening tests as compared to those who have none. Epidemiological studies have proven essential for health practitioners to implement preventive medicine in a community (Anderson & McFarlane, 2010) Preventive Level for a Community with Alleviated Family Violence In a community having elevated family violence, primary level has proven effective. For instance, being aware of family violence in the community has helped to initiate preventive measures. This is attained by educating individuals on violence and ways to curb the vice. Moreover, persons could be given alternative positive and productive activities. Marriage counseling as well as sex education could help to decline family violence through problem solving. It is however a field neglected by medical practitioners since it is often hard to enquire on family relations in a community. However, this can be attained through observation although its outcomes may be inaccurate and inadequate (Ervin, 2002). To particular researchers, it is often problematic to screen out due to preexisting barriers. Some researchers neglect this activity preferring other fields where few of them willing to assist families with domestic violence. Therefore, Primary prevention proves hard to tackle on such an issue since it
After the Classical Music era , music evolved into the Early Romantic Music era , the Late Romantic Music era , the Modern Music era and the Contemporary Music era . Classical Music, based on ancient Greek and Roman models of excellence, emphasized the worthiness of symmetry and form, retaining emotion but not letting it camouflage the music’s clear and formal framework. This period is known as the “Golden Age of Music” because the most important forms of classical music – symphony, concerto, sonata, and string quartet – were developed, refined, and enlarged during this era. Some outstanding Classical music composers were Bach, Beethoven, Haydn, Hoffman, and Mozart. Sonata, the most important form of classical music, consists of 3 parts: exposition, development, recapitulation. The overall result is an artistic work that possesses clarity, symmetry, and wholesomeness, and expresses a feeling of growth as it progresses. The sonata was instrumental in the advancement of all parts of orchestral and chamber music. The Early Romantic Music reflected the era’s Romantic spirit characteristics by stressing emotional and personal interpretive elements – the intensity of happiness and sadness, victory and disappointment, and strong emotion and hopelessness. Famous Early Romantic Music composers included Chopin, Bellini, Mendelssohn, Schubert, and Rossini. The era’s premier musical form, the concerto, presented a dynamic juxtaposition that could be intensified, with a soloist featuring on a solo instrument being contrasted against the full sound of the orchestra. Romantic spirit influenced the concerto performance as well, putting dramatic presentation and skillfulness on par with musical form and content in terms of importance. The Late Romantic Music era was a period involving further development and honing of the self-expressive characteristic of the preceding era’s music. The greatest exponent of self-expression in music was undoubtedly the famous composer Tchaikovsky, whose creations mirrored the innermost agitation and mental distress in his personal life. Other famous Late Romanic Music composers included Offenbach, Brahms, Parry, Mahler, and Mussorgsky. Grand opera was the most important development of the era. Although the leading operas differed in content – ranging from intensely psychological to passionate , to realistic – the sensational development of chronological circumstances remained constant. Wagner’s ‘Tristan and Isolde’ is undoubtedly the best grand opera of this era. The Modern Music era began when composers came to the unanimous conclusion that Romanticism as a form of musical expression, had gone as far as it could go. They began to create unique and distinctly different musical forms, such as Satie’s surrealistic style, Sibelius and Elgar’s nationalistic style, Debussy and Ravel’s impressionist style, and Schoenberg’s atonal/serial style. Other fa