ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This essay shows that there are initiatives which aim at promoting sustainability in tourism destinations. However, these initiatives do not work due to the diverse nature of the tourism industry. The essay demonstrates this through various approaches to tourism sustainability and methods that stakeholders have applied in their attempts to enhance sustainability of tourism destinations. We can define sustainability as a growth that does not experience any threats from feedback. Here, feedback refers to social unrest, pollution, or depletion of resources. We can relate this to the development of tourism destination. In tourism, sustainability would be “that level of development which does not exceed the carrying capacity of the destination and thus cause serious or irreversible changes to the destination” (Tribe, 2005). This is what we call a growth that can sustain itself over time. It is hard for a nation or a sector to use effective plans for sustainable tourism development with clear agenda. The UNWTO provides policy guidelines for such purposes. The UNWTO refers sustainable tourism with regard to sustainability assumption as “the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions its long-term sustainability” (UNWTO, 1995). Sustainability in tourism destination must ensure optimal use of resources that are sources of tourism development, their maintenance, and conservation of biodiversity and natural heritage (Liu, 2003). The project must also “adhere to socio-cultural existences of host communities, conserve their cultural heritage and enhance cultural understanding and tolerance” (Swarbrooke, 1999). Sustainable tourism project must also provide socio-economic benefits, long-term economic availability, stable employment, poverty reduction, social services, and generation of income to the host community and all stakeholders. First, regulations are forms of ensuring sustainability of tourism destinations. Stakeholders can introduce permissions and permits as forms of preventative control. Permits and permissions aim at preventing damages by requiring stakeholders to get permissions so as to engage in possible harmful activities. For instance, we can have planning permits to stop developments that do not meet planning guidelines and larger environmental matters and effects. Second, regulation also involves environmental impact assessment. Some projects which may have severe impacts on the environment; thus the authorities must review an environmental consequences of such projects. It may use a cost-benefit approach that covers the all costs and advantages to stakeholders. For a development to be socially acceptable, its benefits to society must exceed its cost to society. Third, controls and laws are also effective means of providing and controlling environmental pollutant targets. Occasionally, policymakers may introduce these laws and controls after an ev
Today, more than ever before, it is becoming clear that most courts in America are unable to deal with the ever increasing number of cases within their jurisdictions, bringing into motion an intense and elaborate debate on which court case management system should be adopted to deal with backlog (Dressel, 2010; Peak, 2009). According to the case scenario, the court in question has been using a “hybrid” combination involving individual and master case-management systems, but is still unable to keep up with the mounting caseload and associated difficulties. The present paper looks into the problems and advantages that may arise in using the individual case management system and permanently assigning a judge to the juvenile division of the court. Available literature demonstrates that, “in a direct calendar or independent calendar system, cases are assigned at the beginning of the case to a designated judge, who then handles all pretrial conferences and motions up and through trial” (Seabolt, 2008, p. 6). As such, a major problem arising within this case assignment system relates to lack of a centralized information sharing protocol, which in turn makes it hard for other users to access important case information or case scheduling details (Peak, 2009). This problem may occasion further case backlogs within the juvenile division, particularly in the event that case details are needed by other players within the court system. Additionally, owing to lack of synchronized scheduling and posting capabilities, the judge may encounter the risk of conflicting calendars and the consequences related to this particular problem (Dressel, 2010) Existing court management scholarship documents several advantages related to individual calendar case assignment system. For example, the permanent assigning of a judge to the juvenile division will assist the court to develop the capacity to deal with complex cases that require “consistent, continuous judicial management and intervention from beginning to end” (Seabolt, 2008, p. 6). Another advantage relates to the system’s capacity to achieve optimal case outcomes owing to the anticipation that the assigned judge will devote the necessary time and effort to become familiar with the juvenile cases within the court’s jurisdiction. Additionally, the individual calendar case assignment system will enable the court to save scarce financial, human, and material resources in the context of dispensing juvenile cases within the court’s jurisdiction. While the master calendar system requires a lot of financial and personnel resources to operationalize, the individual system uses only one judge to move the case forward, hence saving a lot of resources for the court (Seabolt, 2008). Lastly, permanently assigning a judge to the juvenile division of the court will ensure the continuity of cases and save the court a lot of time which is otherwise wasted on briefing new judges on the factual
Medical negligence may be regarded as substandard health care provided by a clinician that directly causes a patient’s physical, emotional, or financial damages. It involves various unprofessionally handled activities that lead to tortious claims and even criminal liabilities. Incorrect treatment, wrongful diagnosis, and surgical mistakes are among the most common types of medical negligence. At the same time, in order to sue the defendant, the pursuer should prove that medical negligence has occurred. There are the following essential characteristics of medical negligence that will be examined and analyzed in this paper:   * The defendant owed the duty of care to the plaintiff;   * The duty of care should be breached;   * The breach directly caused the plaintiff’s damage. Duty of Care Regarded as a noble occupation, the medical profession helps in maintaining health and preserving life. In general, a patient approaches a particular medical setting or a health care provider on the basis of its/his reputation. Attending a hospital, an individual traditionally has two-fold expectations – first of all, doctors and other clinical staff are expected to deliver the most appropriate health care with all their experience and competency. Moreover, they are responsible for non-maleficence: any patient should not be harmed in any manner because of carelessness, reckless attitude, or negligence. It goes without saying that a medical professional cannot be physically ready all the time to save patients/ However, he should use all specific skills and knowledge in the most suitable manner considering the interest of every person entrusted his life. When the law mandates the duty of care and carefulness, carelessness may lead to the breach of this duty, or medical negligence. It is based on the tortious principle of general negligence and was propounded by Lord Atkin in the case of Donoghue V. Stevenson in 1932. 1 According to the case’s materials, Mrs May Donoghue met her friend at the Wellmeadow Café on August 26, 1928, who bought her an ice cream and a bottle of ginger beer for an iced drink. The bottle was dark opaque – thus, its content was invisible. After Mrs Donoghue had drunk and poured over an ice cream most of the beer, she noticed a part of a decomposed snail that was in a bottle. 2 After several days, the pursuer became sick and was diagnosed with shock and severe gastroenteritis. Later, Mrs Donoghue decided to take legal action against the beer manufacturer Mr Stevenson even if her chances to succeed were considerably limited. She did not have any legal contract with Mr Stevenson to sue him for its breach, did not buy the drink by herself, and could not prove that the manufacturer knew that the beer was defective. Thus, the argument of Mrs Donoghue was dismissed by the Scottish Court of Session, Second Division that stated that the manufacturer did not owe a duty of care to his consumers. However, the pursuer has managed to address th
Introduction The austerity and stimulus debates have been reinvigorated by the turn of events in the European economies. The indication is that the two economic ideas are exceedingly disputed yet there is inadequacy in their understanding. While the stimulus packages have widely been accepted as the best economic measure during the economic slowdown particularly its application in the US, austerity has raised eyebrows among the economic observers (Krugman, 2010). Many economic pundits argue that austerity is not applicable in the current situation as advanced by many players in the global monetary marketplace. The major argument is that austerity measures are applicable when the economy is at the pinnacle of the production phase to stop further production and ignite inflation (Krugman, 2010). The argument originates from the Keynesian view. Keynes observed that the state deficit is favorable to the economy during the slowdown particularly when the private sector could hardly create adequate demand to draw out the economy out of a slump. However, in some quarters, the views on austerity have been challenged by many economic turns of events. The outcome of the 2007/8 financial crisis further put the austerity measures out of economic control. The argument is that austerity measures no longer have the economic intention of stabilizing the macroeco
Introduction Parasite is a critically-acclaimed film by South-Korean director Bong Joon Ho. It follows the lives of a destitute family who plot to gain employment from an affluent family and infiltrating their household. The film’s title, Parasite , is a double entendre, which leads the viewer to question who is indeed the parasite; between the rich who exploit underpaid labor, or the poor who exploit the economic resources and affluence of the rich. This thesis will critically review the film elements adopted in Bong Joon Ho’s Parasite, and how they facilitate the audience’s immersion and experience in the contrasting worlds of the rich and the poor; prompting them to question who the real parasites are. Space Arguably, Bong Joon Ho’s story and ideas in Parasite , including the class divide between the rich and the poor, are brought to life through creative use of space in the movie. The first introduction to the poor Kim family presents the film’s reliance on space to pass the subliminal messages that are critical to the film (Ridgeway-Diaz 1). They live in a cramped and tiny apartment, and the claustrophobic nature of the place is made more apparent by the small window that is placed high up, overlooking the street level. The poverty of the Kim’s is also underlin
Introduction Change as stated is the only permanent thing on earth. People, business environment and almost everything around must undergo a process of change at one time or another. I intend to go through the Appreciative Inquiry method of introducing change in organizations and in a person’s lifestyle, as a change agent. This method of introducing change differs from the traditional methods in the way it approaches the question of change. The main advantage of this method is that it acknowledges that every stakeholder in the organization has something positive to offer to the organization. Therefore, it lays its emphasis on the positives present in the disposal of the organization rather than its defects. The Assumption of the method In trying to come up with appreciative inquiry, Cooperrider formulated a number of theories to explain the method. Other scholarly writers have also come up with theories which they used as a base in justification of this method of introducing lasting change. One of those theories includes the social construction of reality theory. This theory assumes that a human has the unlimited ability to recreate our world through exchange of ideas and imaginations about the desired future. It is through this exchange of ideas through words that we create new images of the world. Organizations can tap into these images to acquire a positive lasting change in the dynamic environments. Cooperrider also theorized that social systems will tend to develop towards the most positive images they hold about themselves. The images may be held unconsciously in the mind and therefore not discussable among members of a given organization. Such images and knowledge that is hard to deduce is known as tacit knowledge. This assumption is made and used in the appreciative inquiry which proposes the creation of the images of the organization desired in the minds of all stakeholders in the organization. This, he called Heliotropic Hypothesis ***. Other writers in this area such as Bush, (2006), introduced other theories such as organization’s inner dialogue in which he assumes that just like in human beings, organizations have layers in which they use to understand all conversations within themselves. Therefore, if you change the story, according to him, you change the inner dialogue and therefore likely to meet resistance. Why the article by Cooperrider is engaging This article clearly explains what appreciative inqu
Wireless Media and Telecommunications: The Effects At present, it is hard to imagine the life of an average citizen without such an element of everyday life as wireless media. Indeed, the use of the latter has changed the present-day world completely, turning it into a place where everything is intertwined into a single entity. Therefore, it is especially important to consider the effect which wireless media has had on telecommunications. It is obvious that with the help of wireless-based telecommunications, a faster and more efficient connection with any country of the world is possible. Hence, it can be considered that the world integration and the fusion of cultures owe much to the telecommunication system, which has made the exchange of knowledge and elements of cultures possible. In addition, one can see distinctly that with the help of wireless media, signals can be transmitted to longer distances and, thus, reach the most remotely located places. Therefore, it can be considered that telecommunications development was spurred greatly with the help of wireless media. The Ways Smartphones Are Changing the Business Landscape Oddly enough, there was the time when the idea of carrying a portable computer which allowed both to transmit certain multimedia to the most distant places and at the same time be used as a means of efficient and high-quality communication was considered impossible. Now that Smartphones have become a part and parcel of everyday reality, the above-mentioned idea does not seem that fantastic anymore. With the help of Smartphones, the pattern of communication is currently changing, which can be demonstrated best on the example of business communication. The most important thing about Smartphones is their ability to turn into a mobile phone when one needs to communicate with a partner and into a mini-computer when the access to the Internet is required. Therefore, the use of smartphones makes business run faster due to their functionality. The second factor which allows to spur business processes with the use of smartphones is the fact that the latter allow to communicate with people all over the world without taking exhausting travels. Thus, smartphones can be considered the driving force of entrepreneurship. Location-Based Applications for Business and Individual Users: Benefits and Drawbacks Nowadays, having merely a mobile phone with a sole function of calling and receiving phone calls is no longer in existence, mostly because, with a bunch of functions and new gimmicks, such gadgets as smartphones are surprisingly more useful and obviously more marketable. Among the most recent functions included in smartphones, the location-based application seems to make the most sense and enjoy the widest popularity. However, its importance varies depending on whom it serves. When it comes to business and entrepreneurship, the use of the LBA services seems rather legit, for with the he
California The Medicaid program in California State is known as Medi-Cal. While Medi-Cal is funded jointly by the state and federal government, the administration of the fund is looked after by the State. Being one of the states where there is a large number of uninsured, Medi-Cal provides healthcare services to those people who are needy and are the least able to get their health insured. There are certain eligibility requirements prescribed by the state for claiming Medicaid benefits. In the case of children, the age of the children and the federal poverty level (FPL) is the major criteria for determining the eligibility. Medi-Cal prescribes that Infants up to 1 year with household incomes up to 200% FPL, children 1 to 5 years up to 133% FPL, and children ages 6 to 19 up to 100% FPL are eligible. Uninsured children having income levels above those prescribed by Medi-Cal for eligibility but below 250% FPL would be able to claim the benefits under State’s Children’s Health Insurance Program known as ‘Healthy Families’ program. For adults, health coverage is provided for pregnant women up to 200% FPL. The extension of this benefit depends on certain work and resource requirements. In the case of the elderly and persons with disabilities, there is the need to meet the requirements of the federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for aged and disabled persons. The benefits are provided up to 100% FPL more than the minimum requirements. There are provisions to assist the individuals who cross the income eligibility requirements but are otherwise in need of medical services. Medi-Cal’s “medically needy” pathway provides for assistance to individuals that “spend down” into medical eligibility. The services here are provided with incomes up to 83% FPL and couples up to 97% FPL after they incur high medical expenses which wipe off their income (Kaiser Commission). Florida The eligibility criteria for the state of Florida are different from those of California. In the case of children the coverage of Medicaid is limited to 200% FPL for infants up to 1year of age, 133% FPL for children for the ages 1 to 5, 100% FPL for children from age 6 to 21. Pregnant women are provided Medicaid benefits up to 185% FPL and parents are granted benefits up to 22% FPL. In the case of non-elderly disabled persons under the federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, benefits are extended up to 75% FPL. The scheme does not cover the elderly people under the SSI program. There are no programs covering people who have spent the larger part of their income on getting medical services as is the case with California State. Florida has initiated a Cover Florida Health Access Act in the year 2008, which provides for the enrolment of children into the ‘Kidcare’ program irrespective of income levels. This can be considered as equivalent to the ‘Happy Families’ program of California. The state has also made a complete reform to its Medicaid se
Long-term care insurance is different than a usual insurance policy; it is something that is not covered by usual medical insurance or any other health care program. This kind of insurance provides care for a longer time than a predetermined period. This is normally provided for people who are not exactly ill but fail to carry out routine tasks such as getting out of the best, walking to the bathroom, traveling to work, dressing, bathing, etc. These elderly people who require long term care insurance are usually the ones who do not have any relatives and are completely alone in this world; some are those who do not want to rely on their children or relatives and like being independent; some are also those whose children do not care and disown their parents once they grow up (AARP.org). With the life span of people increasing, the issue of health risks is also rising. Long term care insurance generally covers daily home care with dressing, eating and basic tasks; adult day care; living facilities which is provided in a natural residential setting with meals, health monitoring and routine task help; nurse health care who visit the individual at home; and lastly, a nursing care home. What kind of service one receives depends on the kind of package he or she subscribes to (Mathews, 2008)? There are a large number of companies providing this service: MetLife, John Hancock, GE Capital, Insure America Health, Elder Care, and LifeCare Assurance Company. Each of them has its own rates and packages; they even have combos and deals. However, I would personally make my purchase from MetLife. The reason is the credibility of the brand; it is one of my most well-known service providers and its customers have generally been happy with them. Also, the prices that they offer their services at are almost the same as the ones issued by the price index as part of the senior citizen information and news in 2008: which is, $1,342 per annum if married, and $1,999 if single. Additionally, they have a good website and online registration system which is technically a great help for someone who has difficulties moving around (Consumer Reports, 2003). There are certain things that one should keep in mind while purchasing long term care insurance: one should make a full background check and review their financial reports and analysis because one would not want to be stuck with a care company that has no money; ensure that the company has been in business for long and has a long way to go because this is a long term commitment if the company goes bankrupt or shuts down, one remains insecure; and of course, the provider should be able to provide outstanding service that is also differentiated. If one tries to fit MetLife into the criteria of the ideal selection of a long-term insurance provider stated above, it fulfills all the clauses; thus, my personal selection will also remain MetLife. Works Cited Matthews, J., Long-Term Care: How to Plan and Pay for It; Edition: 7, illustrated, revised;