ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Access, Install, Setup, and Run Wireshark Wireshark is a security tool that was initially developed at the end of the 20th century. It was regularly upgraded, and the last release became available a little bit more than a month ago. It is a packet analyzer that can be easily accessed by Internet users. The tool can be downloaded for free from the official website. For users not to waste time trying to find out how Wireshark works, a special guide was created. In addition to that, it can be obtained in several formats so that people have an opportunity to find the one that meets their needs and requirements (“Wireshark”, 2017). The tool runs on Unix-like systems, Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS, allowing the users to see all traffic visible on the interface. So it is significant to install an appropriate version of Wireshark. (“Installing Wireshark under Windows”, 2017). The users just need to open a file to start the installation. It will end automatically. This tool can be updated about once in six weeks. The process is the same as the installation, and personal settings do not change, which is rather convenient. A guide can help the users to set up a capture with no difficulties. It is critical to:   * Ensure that policies and laws allow capturing packets.   * Ensure that it is allowed to change the network (if needed).   * Obtain root/administrator privileges.   * Have a capture driver installed.   * Check time zone settings.   * Start a capture.   * Select an appropriate interface to run the tool (“How to set up a capture”, 2017). Value for a Cybersecurity Expert Wireshark ensures network security and allows us to maintain a bit of forensic
Immunization rates are significantly decreasing in many countries, causing an increase in mortality and morbidity from vaccination-controlled illnesses. Giubilini (2020) defines vaccination as an effective, simple, and safe way of protecting individuals against harmful diseases before they experience them. It uses a person’s natural defense to create resistance against a particular infection, therefore, strengthening the body. Immunizations protect against approximately twenty illnesses and save around three million individuals yearly (Giubilini, 2020). However, individuals have distinct views about vaccination, with some accepting it and others refusing. Every person has a right to refuse vaccination and should not be condemned. Therefore, the school board should listen to the parents’ concerns and determine if their reasons are valid. There are various reasons why guardians reject their children to be vaccinated, including religious beliefs, philosophical or personal perspectives, safety issues, and the desire to get informed by healthcare professionals (Giubilini, 2020). The most significant problem is children’s safety, but this can be reversed by involving healthcare providers or other acquaintances. Caregivers fear that the immunization will do more harm than good, for example, lowering their children’s immunity and exposing them to severe illnesses. These guardians can assume that the injection will not benefit the child if they contact a preventable disease (Giubilini, 2020). Additionally, some believe that natural immunity is better than the vaccinated one. Religious parents might assume that immunization interferes with their faith that God protects people more than the vaccination (Arora et al., 2018). Consequently, people can be unsure about the essentiality of immunization, therefore, require clarification about its pros and cons from healthcare providers. The school board could decide to educate parents about the vaccination if they raised uninformed concerns. Giubilini (2020) asserts that explaining the importance of immunization to the parents might minimize their fears and they will eventually accept it. Caregivers should be told that diseases such as measles, tetanus, or influenza kill about twenty million individuals annually (Arora et al., 2018). Therefore, immunization protects people and those around them, for example, those with severe diseases (Giubilini, 2020). Vaccination helps the body produce antibodies to fight illnesses after recognizing a germ, such as bacteria or viruses. Individuals should understand that vaccines contain weakened or killed germs and do not cause diseases or put them at risk of complications. Vaccination helps the immune system fight and destroy a germ in the future before a person becomes unwell. Giubilini (2020) explains that people remain protected against illnesses for years, decades, or the entire life when the body is exposed to one or more vaccine doses. Caregivers should understand that immunization is effective because instead of treating an illness after it happens, they prevent individuals from getting si
Introduction The industrial revolution refers to the time period in which changes in production processes had extreme impacts on man’s social, economic, and cultural status. The changes were realized in sectors such as agricultural, manufacturing, and transport, among other sectors. This paper seeks to discuss the subject of the industrial revolution in the United States. The paper will look into the development of the industrial revolution in the United States, the changes that were caused by the revolution, and the reactions that Americans had towards the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution in America The industrial revolution was a period of transformation from reliance on human beings in production processes to great dependence on machines to produce commodities. The revolution is believed to have originated from Great Britain before spreading through Europe and then to other parts of the world. The British industrial revolution was also directly and almost instantly spread to British colonies, which were at the time run as its territories. The revolution’s transformation of economic operations from human labor to employment of machines was characterized by transformation in economies in which traditional agricultural practices were, for example, replaced by industrial processes. Machines that were invented played an important role in removing people from their jobs and replacing them with machines that did the jobs in a better way and also produced products of better utility to people. The developments due to the revolution were also characterized by the invention of better transportation means that were more affordable and accessible. People were basically contained around their homesteads with major duties being either farming or performing duties in homesteads before the revolution, which later changed events in the then American societies as professions changed from the earlier farming into industrial jobs. Vast resources that were available in the United States contributed to the quick industrialization that was realized in the country (Brezina 4). Impacts of the industrial revolution in America One of the immediate impacts of the industrial revolution was the transformation of the American economy from being agriculturally based on being an industrial economy. Consumptions were previously direct agricultural products. The introduction of machines into the economy, however, transformed the system into industrial production focused. Agricultural products were transformed into forms of more refined products, and other industrial production processes were established. The industrial revolution also had the impact of job losses among the American people in the agricultural farms in which they were employed as manual laborers. The introduction of machines in the agricultural sector, which were more efficient as compared to human labor, led to the displacement of people from their jobs in the agricultural sector as their positions were then taken by machines. The revolution
Is it possible to make classic characters live their own life and seek for answers to existential questions? Is it possible to make absurd be credible? Of course, it is possible. Beyond all doubt, Tom Stoppard’s play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead that was put on stage by the Department of Visual and Performing Arts of Clarion University has proved this point. The first thing that comes to my mind when I recollect all the impressions after watching the performance is that the play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead is meant for the prepared audience that regularly attends the theater or at least reads classic and modern dramatical pieces. I must admit that after long and confusing dialogues of main characters in the first act I was not sure that I was ready to see the rest of the performance. However, I decided that a work of art cannot be judged if one sees only some part of it. Indeed, in the second act, the plot started to develop literally by leaps and bounds, and I did not regret my decision to stay until the end of the performance. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead may be considered as a modern play in which two minor characters from the classic world of Shakespeare’s Hamlet occupy the central role in the plot. This play is rather debatable since the very idea of taking the classic characters and providing them with their own theatrical space seems somewhat preposterous and even absurd. However, on reflection, I concluded that perhaps it is the most brilliant feature of this play. If one attempts to understand the essence of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s wanderings, they will see that these two characters struggle in their search for the meaning of life in the world that does not have any sense. The inner absurdity of the play that concerns the plot corresponds to the external absurdity that is explained by the author’s idea to write the so-called sequel to Hamlet . Putting such existentialist tragicomedy as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead on the stage requires much effort. The director, drama group, and assisting crew that included sound technicians, lighting technicians, and dressers carried out a magnificent work that cannot be considered as merely entertaining but thought-provoking. The most surprising thing for me was the acting of the drama group. Prior to this experience, I was convinced that t
In the Bildungsroman Ragged Dick , Horatio Alger provides readers with an interesting topic for debate, through making an illusion on how American wealthy people nurture young men from boyhood to a wealthy adult life. Modern scholars argue that the story is a puerile fantasy based on class assimilation. As the young Dick strives in his street life, he is swallowed into the life of common ragamuffins in New York. He gets into smoking, drinking and most of the times sleeps in the streets (Alger and Bode 24). However, the young man is sure that one day, he will turn from a ragamuffin into a respectable and wealthy adult. Looking at the story of Dick, it is worth noting that nurturing, mentorship and coaching are three important elements that each young person needs to succeed in life and career. Unlike other people living on the streets, Dick does not steal, and his life impresses older men (Alger and Bode 32). They realize a unique character of the young man, which makes them want to change his life. After getting an offer from one businessperson called Mr. Greyson to visit church, Dick also gets five dollars from Whitney for performing a church service. With the money, Dick opens a bank account and rents a new apartment (Alger and Bode 41). By practicing frugality, the young man increases the amount in his bank account. On one occasion, Dick rescues a child from drowning; this accident surprisingly results in getting a job as a reward from the company owned by the child’s father. Thus, Dick manages to escape from his past as a ragamuffin and starts a new life as a New York executive. From a clear look at the book, it is worth noting that although scholars argue whether the story is fictional or not, it is possible for men to nurture young men not only by giving them money, but also through education, sports and music. Although there are few American executives who walk out of their rich life in search for young talents on the streets to nurture them and bring them into the wealthy class, it is worth noting that American rich people often involve in sponsoring youths at schools, churches and in the neighborhoods to develop their skills and get a chance to succeed in life. The American culture of supporting students from early stages of their life is an indication of goodwill. In most cases, successful Americans often follow the example of one or few people who helped them change their life. As a matter of fact, it resembles the life of Ragged Dick . The impact of the wealthy people on the lives of the young Americans is normally an avenue to success. However, this only happens when the young people are willing to ch
Introduction Social networks and media provide a range of services enabling businesses to increase their visibility on the Web and thus gain the customers’ loyalty more easily; their initial purpose, however, is instant connectivity among the users. The average Facebook user has around 200-300 friends, which facilitates the creation of the so-called “weak ties” – just the kind of connections that allow people to get easier access to resources (Morgan, 2016). Benefits aside, repeated conflicts of privacy involving social media giants such as Facebook and Twitter have become a serious issue. The present work is, therefore, focused on the privacy policies of Twitter and Facebook. It seeks to build a case on these two networks, compare, analyze, and evaluate their privacy policies. The popularity of the networks, and the fact that they collect so much data, constitute the rationale for choosing Facebook and Twitter as the objects for the present research. Facebook & Twitter: Overview, Privacy Policies, and Privacy Issues In this part, an overview of the networks’ usage and policies i
Hinduism in the News Media Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world which still has many followers. News media pay considerable attention to events focused on those who believe in this faith’s concepts, as despite the peacefulness of Hinduism as a path in life, Hindu activists are associated with various incidents. This essay will examine two distinct cases that characterize Hinduism from a negative side, revealing the general attitude of news media toward this religion in the contemporary world. Discussion of Situations that Indicates the Attitude of Media Toward Hinduism The Huffington Post news source provides detailed examinations of the different situations that involved Hinduism followers, emphasizing the presence of irrational violence. For instance, the article by Carol Kuruvilla entitled “ Hindu Activists Denounce India’s Jailing of Muslim Who Prayed at Hindu Temple” (2020) displays one of the instances of Hindu nationalism. A Muslim peace activist was arrested for praying in a Hindu temple despite evidence indicating that he had permission. It was inter-religious tension that resulted in the incident. According to Viswanath, an influential follower of Hinduism, “a person who is Muslim, who devotes his efforts to an India which sees no difference between different communities, is not welcome in today’s Hindutva India” (Kuruvilla, 2020, para. 7). It represents religion from a negative side, showing that ancient attitudes toward people with other beliefs exist even in the contemporary world. The principles of equality of all religions were violated in the case. Moreover, news media provides evidence that Hinduism deteriorates even established political and social relationships. According to Kuruvilla (2020), “Human rights groups have warned that the Indian government in recent years has been cracking down on journalists, activists, and students who criticize the government” (para. 13). From the news me
Introduction Aging refers to accrual of transformations in an individual’s body after some time. It is a multidimensional process that involves both physical, societal and psychosomatic transformations. As a person’s age increases, his reaction times may slow down. On the other hand, he may become more experienced and knowledgeable about world events. In other words, older people are wiser than younger individuals. Aging plays an important role in every society. It reflects biological changes that take place within the human body. Additionally, it brings about cultural and social issues that are of interest to humans. Aging affects various sectors of any society. It affects healthcare systems, the economy and the environment. This paper discusses some of the issues in aging. It focuses mainly on the environment, health, society and the economy among others. Provision of Long term Care The provision of long term care for the elderly is one of the issues in aging. Aged people often need daily assistance. They need assistance of various kinds throughout the day. The assistance can be in the form of medical and health care provision, movement and consumption of food. Many countries have aging populations due to the implementation of family planning programs. Initially, provision of assistance to the aged was left to the families of the concerned individuals. However, improvement in health care provision and life expectancy ensured that the number of elderly people increased in many countries. Over time, the number of people who need daily assistance increased and governments realized that there is a need to provide formal care to aged individuals. Hence, the provision of long term care became one of the issues in aging. Currently, many countries are realizing the need to formulate policies that govern the provision of long term care (Swartz, Miake & Farag, 2012). There are other issues within the provision of long term care to the aged. Currently, only a few countries have formulated and implemented long term care policies. The issue that many countries face involves the development of long term care policies. There are only a few models of long term care policies that have already been implemented. Secondly, there is no standard definition of formal long term care. A definition of long term care would make the provisio
Introduction Currently, the color therapy is recognized as an effective natural healing technique widely used in medicine and counseling. This report will track the historical development of the chromotherapy theories and evaluate the results of the experiment and the impact of different colors upon the energy distribution in natural field under different environmental conditions which can be further used in the counseling practice. Literature review Color therapy also referred to as chromotherapy is based on the assumption that color and light can be used for balancing the energy within the human bodies and preventing or healing the mental and physical disorders and has been known since ancient times. There is evidence that ancient Egyptians and Greeks built color healing rooms into their temples (Wills 2007). The first records on using color as therapy can be found in works by Aulus Celsus dated back to the 1 st century in Rome (Garala et al. 2009). The relationships between the colors, diseases and their treatments were investigated by the Arab physician Avicenna in the 9 th century. A system of colored lights known as spectro-chrome lamps was created in 1920 by an American scientist of the Indian origin Dinshah Chadiali (Garala et al. 2009). A color test introduced by a Swiss psychologist Max Luscher in 1947 is still used by consultants for defining the psychological state of their patients. A Russian researcher Krakow made a significant contribution to the studies on the color therapy by investigating the effects of different colors upon the nervous system. Though this approach can be criticized for the lack of rigorous studies, many practitioners utilize Krakov’s findings and take advantages of the color therapy for reducing the stress-related pain (Garala et al. 2009). The color therapy theories create the links between the seven colors of the spectrum and the main chakras in the human body which in their turn are associated with certain organs and systems. The main task of the practitioner is defining the missing color for diagnosing the corresponding weakness of a particular organ and applying the color therapy for making up the existing deficits (McGuiness 2007, p. 14). Moreover, there is a growing recognition that due to the power of electromagnetic signals such as color, chromotherapy can be even more effective than the traditional methods of treatment (Lipton, 2005; Vasquez, 2006). Though the patient’s cultural background and current emotional and physical state are the factors deserving serious consideration while developing a concrete treatment plan, the color therapy can be used for changing the patients’ condition (Galano 2009). Saito & Tada (2007) noted that the colors associated with natural scenes and landscapes can be effective stimulators for Japanese people because of the value given to nature in Japanese culture. With the roots which can be found in the culture of ancient civilizations, color therapy which has been rediscovered in the mid-nineteenth century is widely used in modern psychology and consulting for the purposes of diagnosing and treating the patients. Conceptual framework The ancient
Today, the structure of the legal system tends to cover and cherish rights and freedoms of every individual. It entirely complies with the Constitution of the United States of America and supports the ideas of tolerance and democracy. Nonetheless, the situation was different in the recent past, as some rights were not carefully described and stated in the main law of the country. Watching the movie Gideon’s Trumpet helped understand that the rights of criminals were not always respected. For example, Gideon was accused twice of the same crime, and his right to have a public lawyer was not satisfied. Thus, Gideon was not ready to surrender, and he wrote a letter to the Supreme Court to review his case and precisely described the situation in detail. The case displayed in the movie could be considered as highly important, as Gideon’s complaint changed the whole American judicial system and increased the strength of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments while making judges highly attentive to specifics of different cases. In the first place, as it was mentioned earlier, Gideon requested a public defender, as this right was not considered during the first trial. As a result, he had to defend himself, and due to the lack of arguments, was imprisoned. Nonetheless, sending a request to the Supreme Court revolutionized the entire legal system. For example, this case required to review the Sixth Amendment and expand its coverage. With the help of the Fourteenth Amendment, every individual accused of any type of crime was given a right to have a lawyer under the Sixth Amendment. It could be said that this change underlined the importance of equality, as in the context of the Sixth Amendment, race, gender, social status, and ethnicity were disregarded. These modifications of the Sixth Amendment can be discovered as the major consequences of Gideon’s desire to fight for justice and spending several hours researching his rights and freedoms. Nonetheless, changes to the Sixth Amendment were not the only consequences of this case. For example, in his letter, Gideon also claimed that his rights stated in the Fifth Amendment were also violated, as two trials took place for the same crime. It could be said that the Supreme Court considered his statements as rational. As a consequence, more changes to the Fourteenth Amendment were introduced, and they increased the strength of the Fifth Amendment by protecting individuals from the similar cases. In this instance, it is evident that apart from the desire of Gideon to avoid punishment, he was able to have a positive impact on the overall judicial system and improve the flow of its processes by increasing the importance of rights stated in the Sixth Amendment. In the end, one cannot underestimate the impor