ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Hurricane Katrina was an extremely powerful and fatal natural disaster that occurred in the year 2005 that resulted in cataclysmic smash up of property and infrastructure and caused great loss of lives (Brennan, 2009, p. 7). It is on record as the costliest and also falls among the five most fatal hurricanes to ever hit the United States of America. In the group of the strongest such occurrences in the Atlantic Ocean, Katrina ranks sixth. The calamity resulted in the demise of up to one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six people with an approximated eighty-one-billion-dollar property loss (Spielman, 2007, p. 4). The damage caused by Hurricane Andrew of 1992 is just a third of this value. Genesis of Katrina The complicated origin of this hurricane intricate the interface of a wave from the tropics, the central troposphere loose ends from Tropical Depression Ten and a higher troposphere depression. This particular depression was positioned above the western Atlantic and the Bahamas (Spielman, 2007, p. 5). It resulted in a very powerful westerly cut off across Tropical Depression Ten that disintegrated on the August 14 of that year in the region of eight hundred and twenty-five n mi due east of Barbados. From there the low level spread became weaker little by little as it advanced towards the west and finally frittered away on the 21 in the environs of Cuba. In the meantime, a mid troposphere flow arising from Tropical Depression Ten delayed behind and went through the northern part of the Leeward Islands on dates 18 and 19 (Spielman, 2007, p. 5). A wave of tropic origin left the western shoreline of Africa on August 11 and went all the way through the Leeward Islands and fused with the middle troposphere remains of Tropical Depression Ten on date 19 and this resulted in an extensive region of showers down and electric storms in the north of Puerto Rico. This action kept on moving gradually in the direction of northwest, going through the northern Hispaniola and finally strengthened at eastern Turkey on the date. The upper troposphere depression grew weaker in the course of its advancement to the west as it approached Florida (Spielman, 2007, p. 7). This trough got more structured above the region of central Bahamas on date 23. Profound temperature variation augmented suddenly in the eastern section of the cyclone and resulted in a distinct ring that began to encircle the northern part of the flow centre on the early hours of date 24. At first, the storm advanced in to the North West contained by a weakness in the lesser troposphere semitropical edge. As it built up a central part and developed into a profound cyclone on date 24, it was subjected to regulation from a toughening central to higher troposphere edge over North of Mexico and the states to the south. This point twisted Katrina toward the west the following day. The hurricane brought about extreme temperature changes as the day progressed while in the Bahamas. As the hurricane advanced toward south of Florida it was compelled to move in the southwest direction by the toughening edge above Mexico and
Introduction “A rich sensory environment”, that is the term most experts use to describe environments inundated with music and opportunities for children to move to the beat of what they hear (Lock, 2006). In fact it is this very type of environment that various studies show is conducive towards the development of a child’s mind resulting in smarter children. As such the creation of such environments around children while they are still at an impressionable age is the goal of many instructors since early appreciation and joy in listening and creating the right kind of music early on in a person’s life actually has repercussions that extend all the way to adulthood. Introducing Children to Music When attempting to introduce children to music one fact must first be made clear, children absolutely love music! Even at a young age at some level they inherently understand the joys of music and attempt to express themselves either through awkward movements, humming or other such similar behaviors in their attempt to emulate what they hear through their limited capacity to express (Lock, 2006). As such one of the early opportunities for children to use or be introduced to music is to help them understand concepts in relation to rhythm and melody. One of the inherent problems in children actively expressing themselves through music is the fact that while they can appreciate it at a young age they have little understanding as to how it is precisely made (Lock, 2006). Based on this concept everyday items that can be found at home or in a classroom can be used to introduce children to the concept of rhythm. For example, the rubber end of a pencil and the edge of a desk can help to introduce children to rhythmic tapping. By teaching them the basics of how music can be created in this manner they gain the understanding that all music follows some type of pattern that can be emulated. Furthermore this type of activity can be enhanced through the introduction of sessions where children learn to tap along with music that is playing. Through this type of activity they learn to associate what they hear into a physical reaction resulting in a method of expression that better emulates the music that is being played. Other opportunities for introduction come in the form of introducing children to actual instruments. This can come in the form of simple instruments such as bells, triangles or tiny drums. Such a method builds up on earlier lessons in relation to rhythm and helps to introduce children to the actual types of instruments used to make real music. An extension of this activity would be for children to listen to music and have them associate certain sounds with particular instruments they themselves have used. It is assumed that through the actual use of instruments and knowing what they sound like children will be able to develop a greater degree of musical appreciation by knowing what
Introduction The term “subculture” refers to a part of the culture of the society that is clearly distinct from the mainstream culture (and that positions itself as distinct), as well as to the groups of bearers of this culture. Subcultures may differ from the dominating culture in a number of ways, including the values, political views, behavior, and so on. In this paper, a review of such three subcultures that existed in the U.S. and had a major impact on the American and world cultures as hippies, punks, and skinheads will be provided. Hippies The subculture of hippies emerged in the USA in the early 1960s and later spread around the world. The origins of the subculture are associated with numerous social movements that existed in Europe and the U.S. prior to the hippies’ emergence. The common perception of a hippie is that of a person who advocates liberty and freedom in politics, society, and lifestyle, including the harmony with nature, living in communes, hedonistic fulfillment, etc. (Issitt xi). It was the aim of the members of the hippie movement to become liberated from the restrictions imposed on them by society and to select their own way of life. They questioned the authority while respecting the individual rights of a person. The members of the subculture also often rejected the mainstream religion, choosing to adhere to personal experience, which often had roots in religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Native American beliefs, etc. (“Spirituality and Religion” par. 1). Hippies also promoted sexual freedom; whereas the movement is often associated with promiscuity and seduction in common perceptions, its members often sought to advance a sexual life that would be free of jealousy and rancor, instead offering pleasure and fulfillment. It was a conviction of hippies that love should not be compulsorily limited to only one person (while, of course, they saw nothing wrong in loving one person and forming a long-term relationship with them). Hippies also used (and advocated the use of) drugs, psychedelic drugs in particular. As for the classification of their political views, these can be considered closest to anarchism; hippies meant to create an alternative society that would have a libertarian, horizontal organization. The appearance and s
The idea of the cartoon is extremely simple if you remember that it uses metaphors. The cheese in the book refers to everything that people usually strive for good jobs, money, freedom, health, acceptance, peace of mind, entertainment, and travel. By discovering cheese, the little people found what they thought was an inexhaustible source of happiness. Each person has a different idea of what values are denoted by a piece of cheese, taking their personal desires and cravings into account (Keyvan, 2012). For instance, for Hem finding cheese meant purely material prosperity. For Haw, it was a pleasant sense of well-being. However, people are similar in that they usually get used to and attached to their cheese very soon. However, when they lose it, they panic, get lost and perceive what happened as a stroke of fate. In such situations, people are left with a choice – to accept the circumstances or fight them. The cartoon, it was perfectly demonstrated by contrasting the two main characters. The phrase that really resonates with me is that those who are not afraid will feel good. Constant fears, especially when there are a lot of them, depress the nervous system, which affects health. Some fears are so great that they lead to a lack of freedom of choice, cowardice, and a desire to stay in their comfort zone. This was demonstrated in the cartoon, where one of the main characters – Hem, was afraid of the difficulties and chose to stay where he was rather than seek his dream. The ability to be one’s true self depends on facing one’s anxiety and moving forward despite the fear. Only someone who knows and has experienced d can cope with it and learn to get rid of it. When faced with difficult situations, I act more like Haw. Difficulties can certainly weaken me, but I d
The cognitive behavioral model belongs to the broader category of psychotherapy based clinical supervision that mostly provides the basis for the theoretical development of supervisees and tends to focus mainly on strategies and skills. It uses the methods and processes exploited in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to train therapists and give them an opportunity to get the experience similar to that of their future patients. Thus, therapists in training would be able to evaluate the state of their patients’ with the help of their insights and, as a result, successfully implement the acquired knowledge and skills for effective treatment. The cognitive behavioral model also helps supervisees to master planning, decision-making, to shape their research, and monitor the progress of their patients, because it is parallel to the cognitive model. I have chosen this model for review because it engages supervisees in the active process of self-understanding, which should produce a positive effect on their therapy. It is important for supervisors to establish trustful and comfortable relations with their supervisees to help them in the learning progress and encourage questions. Moreover, it is also necessary to eliminate any inconvenience and shame that might be related to the process of learning and self-discovery. According to Bakos and Kristensen (2013), “supervisors and supervisees should be more aware of their emotional responses (in therapy and regarding the supervision relationship) and recognize how their thoughts and beliefs can contribute to their emotions and behaviors during supervision sessions” (p. 43). The ultimate aim of supervisors is to aid their supervisees in their professional growth to the extent when they would be capable of practicing independently. Furthermore, supervisees should be prepared for the realities of clinical practice and be aware that they sometimes significantly differ from the training settings under the supervision. They should understand that they would have to work with complicated patients that might have different unfavorable living conditions and life circumstances. Sometimes they might need to resort to more general methods of influencing patients as empathy, warmth, and sincerity, which, being largely personal traits of character, cannot be properly trained by supervisors. Efficient performance of a therapist is comprised of the acquired professional skills and learned experience, thus, the personal characteristics of a supervisee play a secondary role in CBT supervision. Its primary concern is related to theoretical and technical aspects and the practical approa
Edwin Arlington Robinson is a well-known poet who is the author of “Richard Cory”, “Miniver Cheevy”, and “Mr. Flood’s Party” and a number of other poems, in which he shows the reader loneliness and isolation of their characters, leading to their gradual degradation. In the first three poems under investigation, the action takes place in Tilbury Town although Robinson mentions its name, not in all of them. In “Richard Cory” the author presents Richard Cory as the ideal man. People think of him to be a gentleman and a man by nature. Everyone in the town wants to be in his place or even to live his life. Everybody thinks him to be very lucky as he has a lot of money. He already has everything and people envy him as they have to work hard to earn their living. And then, this ideal man shoots himself. According to Richard Grey. The irony of the poem depends on the contrast between the serenity of Cory’s appearance and the violence of his death; its melancholy, upon our recognizing that Cory – for all his privileges – is as acutely isolated and spiritually starved as anyone else (Modern American Poetry 10). In Robinson’s poem “Miniver Cheevy,” the author describes a man who seems depressed. This poem shows the tragedy of the character who wished he were never born and then ends up telling the reader that the individual is an alcoholic. This person doesn’t want to be what he is. He wants to be another man, the one whom people would admire. But he can do nothing with himself as he has low spirits, bad luck and as a result, he can’t change his way of life. Wallace L. Anderson makes a conclusion that the poem is built on the ironic contrast between the unheroic Miniver as it is and his dreams of adventure, romance, and art associated with heroic figures of the Trojan War in ancient Greece, King Arthur’s knights in the Middle Ages, and the dazzling brilliance and corruption of the Medici in the Renaissance (Anderson 5). The last poem, “Mr. Flood’s Party,” shows the loneliness of an old man. This tragedy leads to his alcohol intoxication described to the audience in the poem. Nobody wants to communicate with him; even his numerous friends close the door before him. These are friends who lead common life unlike him. They have nothing in common with him anymore, their lives are different. He is a weak man who cannot struggle, stand all the difficulties that he comes across in his life. And being unable to deal with all his troubles, he tries to solve them with the help of alcohol, but it only harms him and all those people who surround him. That’s why they want neither to communicate with him nor even see him. Ellsworth Barnard points out that this poem “shows the poet’s gift for compressing into a few seemingly effortless concluding lines the mood and theme of the whole” ( Robinson, “Modern” 1 ). In the poems “Richard Cory” and “Miniver Cheevy” Robinson depicts the main characters as outcasts of their community. They don’t have true friends and thus try to avoid meeting people. Despite
In the cases associated with the need to respond to emergency situations associated with the potential of infectious disease outbreak, there are some issues of the ICS being commanded by the police or fire units. First, there is a problem of unwanted exposure to a virus due to the lack of information and preparation. Second, there is a challenge linked to accurate patient accounting and the complications of follow-up and treatment. Therefore, to ensure cohesiveness in ICS’s response, the unit should follow the decision-making of public health officials or the EMS Chief who would have more knowledge and professional competence to take leadership roles in emergencies. Such a solution will ensure a greater level of cohesion not only in preparation efforts but also in terms of the actual response processes (CDC, 2019). Accountability and data sharing between healthcare organizations are essential in emergency response efforts, and transferring leadership to medical professionals rather than law enforcement can facilitate the need. The decision-making of non-medical personnel and managers in making medical decisions during a bioterrorist incident should be limited to the immediate efforts to prevent the hazard from affecting large population quantities. Because of the adverse public health consequences of biological threats, such as emerging diseases or accidental releases, non-medical personnel should work with healthcare professionals as to gathering data on the hazard and developing a collaborative plan that will include the efforts of healthcare staff, emergency management personnel, and law enforcement agencies (The Interagency Board, 2017). Besides, the collaboration would facilitate ongoing research and development to initiate innovation that would target the specific biohazard and its concrete implications for the sphere of public health and safety.
The American dream is an ism that directed people to America, a country full of opportunities, prosperity, and wealth. James Truslow is the man behind this idea and he coined it in 1931 (Warshauer para. 1). This dream owes its root to the declaration contained in the Declaration of Independence. The dream is composed of three components, that is, all men are equal; that men can trust one another and therefore help one another, and the honest, vestal, and industrious get rewards (Warshauer para. 1). According to this dream, there are inalienable rights that every American citizen should enjoy. It expresses a situation where American children can receive American education and proceed to secure employment within America. In the wake of World War I, the American dream started to change gradually from happiness and success to the accumulation of wealth and nice possessions. As the desire to have more money griped people, the American dream was doomed to die. The desire to accumulate wealth overnight opened the doors to corruption. The death of the American dream started the moment it became inherently corrupted. People lost vision of what this dream was supposed to mean and it became a dream, not of the vestal and industrious, but of the corrupt coterie, hence corrupting the dream itself. Americans soon found themselves becoming disillusioned about the dream with the urban American life. Within the confinements of this dream, through hard work, the poor can become rich. Scot Fitzgerald highlights two forms of corruption: the newly rich and the already rich. Tom Buchanan is the epitome of the rich and this class runs the country without necessarily coming to the spotlight. Buchanan belonged to this class. ” His family was enormously wealthy…now he had left Chicago and come east in a fashion that rather astounded you: for instance, he had brought down a string of polo ponies from Lake Forest (Fitzgerald 10). Buchanan marries Daisy to make a perfect couple in the rich circles in what Fitzgerald views as ‘achievement of the American dream.’ Gatsby on the other hand represents the newly rich. Fitzgerald goes on to portray yet another form of corruption in this dream. In The Great Gatsby, we cannot divorce money from corruption. Again, Fitzgerald talks of new and old money but they all remain money. The America of post-World War I is not the ancient America where morality rules the day. In this new America, money represents power, which in turn bears corruption. With regard to this claim, Daisy stands out. She marries Tom because of money even though she loves Gatsby. The corruption of this dream commences here; marriage should be out of love not for money. Alcohol, friends, and family forces Daisy to marry the wrong person with the wrong motives. Consequently, she loses her freedom and ingenuousness when she weds Tom and as a result loses her dream. It is true that she has meliorated her social class to become part of ‘old money, but she forfeits her reputation. The disillusion that she has for the dream comes out clearly as she moves from the west (new money) to the east (old money. Actually, Nick posits that “this has been a
The 20 th Century was characterized by vast social developments around the world. Cultural values and heritage that had been blocking social growth in various regions were forcefully eroded. However, China and other countries in Southern Asian region did not undergo major forms of cultural disintegration unlike in the West. Therefore, some cultural attachments hinder social growth and development in the region even to date. Women are the most affected in society as traditional cultural values have denied them equal right as men (Goodman 89). On the other hand, Western countries did not have a problem in abandoning their native cultures to pave the way for democracy and social developments. In the 1960s, feminism and civil rights activism brought about a dramatic change in cultural values in western countries. Women were granted equal rights as men. Hence, the 20 th Century will be regarded as the era of social development. However, China has a long history of cultural values since the Confucian era. This attachment to traditional values had adverse effects on the women’s status in the 20 th Century. However, the Communist government banned some values after ascending to power in the 1950s. This paper uses the movies, Raise the Red Lantern and The Story of Qiu Ju, to explore the changing status of women in 20 th -Century China. Zhang Yimou is an internationally renowned director of Chinese films. He is known for his ability to use resilience as a major character in his films. This aspect helps in depicting the Chinese’s endurance in hardship and adversity. Additionally, his films are notable for the rich use of colors and symbols. His skills are evident in his movies, Raise the Red Lantern and The Story of Qiu Ju. Raise the Red Lantern is one of the most successful Zhang Yimou’s films for its elegant stage style, perfect lighting, color, and beautiful themes. Many reviewers find it outstanding for having beautiful scenes that are perfectly framed and composed. In an interview, Yimou said that his purpose was to produce a film whose single frame would be worth hanging in a picture gallery. Besides, he holds that every image should tell a relevant story to the theme. Reviewers also note Yimou’s perfect way of expressing mood by using colors. Every scene has background colors that complement the characters’ moods. The movie setting is in a household hence impossible to have wide a geographical cover for the background views. Yimou had to perfect in matching colors, costumes, designs, and lightings with the theme. Interestingly, he perfectly used season characteristics, which include heat, rain, and snow to impress character and complement moods with the ongoing events (Lin 82). Besides, Yimou adds that he loves experimenting different cinematography methods. This assertion explains why he uses unique cinematography styles in Raise the Red Lantern movie by making it a great art masterpiece. The narrative structure depicts the events of the 1920s where women were oppressed by cultural values that favored men. The storyline depicts triumphs of a nineteen-year-old woman, Songlian, who drops out of University after the death of her fa