ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Crucible is a 1953 play written by a prominent American playwright Arthur Miller. The book is concerned with the topic of witch trials taking place in the city of Salem, the Province of Massachusetts Bay, 1692-1693; it features a number of characters, some of whom depict the real people living in that period. One such character is Reverend John Hale, a pastor and state official who is famous for acting against witch trials after being initially their proponent. In this paper, we will discuss the personality of Mr. Hale the character, and attempt to decide what kind of people he represents. Mr. Hale’s personality is somewhat controversial; while readers might not like him initially, with time, it becomes apparent that he is a positive character rather than a negative one. He possesses a number of features that are usually considered good; he is a determined, focused, and attentive person who addresses the issues that brought him to Salem thoroughly and responsibly. He is determined to do what he considers to be good, for which purpose he possesses rather a considerable amount of knowledge gained by studies. What the readers might not like in Mr. Hale is that he is not devoid of conceit. He does not only wish to do good; he also seeks to be praised and admired by society. His studies and his actions are driven not only by the intent to get knowledge and help the society but also (and perhaps even primarily) by the desire to be recognized. However, it might be stated that in reality, few individuals are only motivated by the wish to do good. People are not to be blamed for the desire to be admired; it is different from, for instance, the wish to dominate. As long as it is accompanied by the intention to do good rather than by the tolerance of or indifference to adversity, it might motivate persons to act in ways that benefit society. Another feature that the readers might dislike Mr. Hale for is that he is a specialist in witch studies and demonology, the disciplines aimed at prosecuting innocent women for the fictional actions. (It should not be forgotten that the book was written in 1953, when the tales about evil witches were usually met with a solid degree of skepticism.) However, it should be taken into account that in the society in wh
Introduction There is no doubt that an ageing population presents multifaceted problems to any country (Grenade & Boldy, 2008, p.468).Therefore, tackling problems experienced by ageing populations demand collaboration and coordination among different agencies. It is against this backdrop that the minister in charge of MCYS asked Mr. Lim Chee Seng (my immediate boss) to prepare a report on the intangible issues of loneliness and depression among Singapore’s ageing populations. As a new executive at the ministry, my role was to help my boss prepare the report. This report will therefore analyze the trends of ageing population in Singapore and resulting concerns, especially about depression and loneliness. It will also assess current strategies adopted to tackle these two issues and assess the effectiveness of those measures. Trends with regard to aging Population in Singapore An ageing population presents both opportunities and challenges to any society (Sadasivan & Osman, 2006, p. 2). According to Mustaffa and Alkaff (2011), the population of ageing Singaporeans has grown considerably since the country attained self-government in 1965 (p. 420). This proportion grew from 2.5 % in 1965 to over 8.6% in 2009 (representing an increase from 47, 000 to 330,000 over this period). What’s more, this population cohort has also grown older. For example, the ratio of the very old (85 years and above) increased from 4,400 to over 27,500 between 1980 and 2009 (Mustaffa & Alkaff, 2011, p. 420; Chan, 2001, p. 3). Based on the statistics presented above, there are several old-age related challenges (such as loneliness and depression) that must be addressed at all levels of the community Loneliness and depression in ageing populations No one can dispute the fact that aging is a natural process. What’s more, aging and depression are inseparable. The degree of isolation and depression among ageing populations in Singapore is on a steady rise. Mustaffa and Alkaff (2011) assert that social isolation and depression are major causes of suicide cases among the ageing populations (p. 420). Previous studies have shown that about 80% of the elderly people who commit suicide suffered from social isolation and depression (Mustaffa & Alkaff, 2011, p. 421). It is thus imperative that all groups of the community (individuals, families, community,
Research question: What are the risk factors for developing cancer due to Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection? This research question will look at the risk factors that lead to the development of cancer due to HPV infection. This is necessary to develop the most effective measures to prevent comorbidities and complications for already infected patients. For the investigation of the question, the observational design will be used, which is widely used in epidemiology to collect data (Paneth & Joyner, 2021). As part of this study, the researcher monitors “the exposure and disease status of each study participant” ( Section 7: Analytic epidemiology , n.d). To answer a research question, a cohort study is most suitable, which will identify exposure to the disease. Based on the data obtained as part of the study, it will be possible to analyze existing risk factors that take into account the possibility of developing cancer. The advantage of this method in the framework of this study is the ability to collect relevant information. When conducting observations, the researcher can collect the necessary statistical data on the incidence of cancer due to HPV infection and consider risk factors that
The restaurant report outlined a number of violations that were discovered during the restaurant review. In this essay twelve of these violations will be discussed. First, there is the issue of insufficient hot water. Hot water is used mainly for hand washing and dish washing and may also be used for other cleaning activities. Its inadequacy or lack can be classified as a Microbiological hazard. Dirty hands are a perfect means of spreading germs. Increasing the amount of hot water can serve as both a short and long term corrective measure. Handling ready to eat foods with bare-hands is a Microbiological hazard. Germs can be easily spread through the hands from one surface to another or to food. This can be corrected by use of sanitized gadgets that are specifically designed for that purpose. Storing foods at inappropriate temperatures is another Microbiological hazard. Micro-organism multiplication is highly likely when food is not stored at the recommended temperature. Also food poisoning may occur when food stored at improper temperatures is consumed. If this happens it will be termed as a chemical hazard. Cockroaches in flour spread germs in the flour. This is a Microbiological hazard. When the roaches are in flour, they are likely to be cooked together with the flour. This is a chemical hazard as the food may turn out toxic. The cockroach itself will be a foreign object in food which is another hazard. As a short term correction the flour should be discarded and a parasite and pest control program should be initiated right away. For the long term such food items as flours, sugars and the like should be kept in tightly lidded containers. Improper hand-washing procedures will lead to multiplication and spread of disease causing pathogens. It is a Microbiological hazard. For both long and short terms, the hand washing procedures should be revised. Packaged chicken nuggets stored on a chair are likely to collect pathogens. This is a Microbiological hazard and can be corrected by ensuring that all packaged food either raw or cooked, is stored appropriately. Dish machine sanitizing improperly is a Microbiological hazard. If the dishes are not sanitized properly, they are likely to transfer germs to the food served in them. If the machine is not working properly, hot water with sanitizer can be used in the short term as the machine awaits repair or replacement. When the paper-towel dispenser at hand sink not working people may resort to using cloth towels which spread germs very easily. This is a Microbiological hazard. The dispenser should be repaired or replaced and better. Ice-scoop handle touching ice m
Discuss how these factors contributed to the rise of communist totalitarianism in modern China:  1. the political implications of the Chinese political tradition of “oriental despotism;”  2. Confucian culture;  3. a century of foreign invasion and historical trauma,  4. the influence of the Russian communist revolution,  5. the May 4th Movement. The Influence of the Communist Russian Revolution It is obvious that the first communist state in the world was Russia and that is why it is worth noting that this political regime appeared after the Communist Russian Revolution which took place in 1917. This revolution had a great influence on China. Communist roots in China can be traced back to the 1920s, a time when the Soviet Union engaged in financing the nationalist and Communist parties in this country to assist them in their effort to overthrow the warlords who ruled the land after the Qing Dynasty had been ousted from power in 1911. Under the Qing Dynasty, there was using the law to govern and those who did not obey the law were punished. The Emperor’s word was law and there was the creation of a centralized state (Class notes). Eventually, there was a merging of the Nationalists and Communists but in turn, the first gained power after becoming the Communists, so they were recognized Chinese Government. However, at the time of the Japanese invasion, the Communists and the Nationalists came together again to fight against the Japanese. But after the Japanese had been expelled in 1945, civil war continued between them and finally came to an end in 1949. The end of this war allowed the Communists to gain power, hence the Nationalists had to escape to Taiwan (“What areas did communism spread to?”, par. 5). Taking into account all the above-mentioned facts, it can be concluded that the Communist Russian Revolution contributed to the communist totalitarianism in modern China. It turns out that the assistance which the Soviet Union offered to the country resulted in the overthrow of the warlords, thus the idea of gaining power was instilled in both the Communists and the Nationalists in China. This eventually led to the Communists winning over the Nationalists. A Century of Foreign Invasion and Historical Trauma China had been considered as a “Great Empire” for almost a thousand years, that is why it was a great blow to the country to be deprived of such a status. However, its nation was to endure this humiliation to gain such an experience. China was very powerful and dominated its people as well as the nations around it. This country wanted recognition from the other countries to be appreciated as the most significant authority in the region. Chinese pre-existing perception of prominence heightened the feeling of shame at the time the country suffered defeat, that is why losing the position of power was a big blow to the esteem of the nation and served to reveal the Chinese system’s weaknesses. The humiliation suffered contributed to the reviving of nationalism and the aspiration to get back to fame in the global arena. As pointed out by Varin, the humiliation experienced, which came out of the “loss of self-assurance re
Introduction Technology has significantly enhanced success in communication between individuals and organizations. It has also played a significant role in enabling successful exchange of information in the criminal justice system. Technology has successfully impacted the role played by different communication databases within the criminal justice system in various different ways. Many types of technology are used in making communication in criminal justice system successful. Some of The technological devices include mobile data terminals and iris scans. This essay will outline two types of databases used in criminal justice system. It will also expound on the positive and negative contributions of the databases due to the advancement in technology. Mobile data terminals Mobile data terminals are gadgets that aid police officers in passing of information. A mobile data terminal is a computerized element fit in public means of transport to enhance communication with security offices. There exist many police agencies that experience problems in terms of communication. Such agencies need mobile data terminals to be set up in their vehicles. Mobile terminal database being exceptionally efficient in its activity, it can significantly aid in lowering the workload that is often experienced in communication centers (Versaterm, 2011). For instance, installation mobile data terminals have been found to assist police officers significantly in accessing lots of information concerning vehicles with only plate checks. Additionally, it can play a crucial role in enabling officers manage their time properly thus enhancing increase of the number of vehicle checks. Mobile data terminals have also the potential of not only aiding officers communicate privately between themselves, but also access diverse crucial information found in the field. Through them, officers can easily access different dispatch receipts and relevant updates without arousing the citizens or criminals. Through mobile data gadgets, the police officers easily access what other competitive units do. Additionally, these gadgets enable police officers keep track on stop incidents that take place on the roads. In general, mobile data terminals have played a significant role in enhancing the success in communication between officers associated with the criminal justice system. Iris scans Iris scans are also one of the best specialized database relied on by the criminal justice system. Iris scans can be defined as a technique of biometric detection. It mathematically scrutinizes the random patterns of the internal parts of the iris. It is more significant than the fingerprints that are prone to wear and tear due to manual activities. Additionally, iris scans can easily b
Introduction Nike Inc encounters challenges from a myriad of natural and physical environmental factors, which affect its performance. They include climate change, pollution, and floods among others. According to Esteve-Turrillas and De la Guardia (2017), climate change impacts different facets of Nike’s operating model, including production and supply chain. This company relies on cotton for the manufacture of its apparels. Therefore, shortage of these raw materials might have devastating impacts on the company. Drought in nations that grow cotton results in the prices of this essential commodity going up, thereby affecting textile companies’ profitability. Variations in weather changes have led to Nike looking for alternative ways of manufacturing its products. This company is now turning to using synthetic materials because they are not affected by climate change (Ali Mahdi, Abass, Mazar, & Shaju, 2015). Nike Inc is also renowned for sourcing organic cotton, which is grown via environmentally friendly methods. Apart from climate change, floods contribute to Nike’s production levels dwindling. For instance, in 2013, the company was forced to momentarily close its Thailand plants due to floods (Esteve-Turrillas & De la Guardia, 2017). Today, the call for environmental conservation has resulted in Nike changing its operations. This company is investing in environmentally friendly sources of energy as a measure to curb greenhouse gas emission. Moreover, it appreciates the significance of water conservation and is looking for ways to recycle wastewater. Nike has partnered with DyeCoo, a Dutch firm, to establish inventive production procedures that will minimize energy use (Hemphill & White, 2016). Additionally, this partnership will assist Nike to prepare its fabric (dyeing) without using water. The move will see the company save a lot of water since presently it needs between 100 and 150 liters per a kilogram of fabric (Jegatheesan et al., 2016). The company has initiated programs that advocate recycling of used shoes to reduce pollution. PEST Analysis Political, economic, social, and technological changes have significant impacts on the apparel industry. The political factors include terrorism and geopolitical stability, which cause ambiguity in the international economy. The present political changes in the United States and the United Kingdom have contributed to poor performance in the textile sector (Ali Mahdi et al., 2015). Moreover, environmental laws and the call for reduction of global warming have led to the apparel industry investing in green sources of energy. Economic volatility has a toll order on the apparel segment (Ali Mahdi et al., 2015). For instance, slow growth in the Chinese economy has led to a decline in demand for textile products. As the number of globally employed people continu
In May 2017, I became a mother for the first time. I was overwhelmed with feelings of joy and love as it was the realization of my dreams. Since the first week, I was very tired due to a lack of sleep. My friends responded to my sleeping concerns with sarcasm by saying, “You will get used to it.” Unfortunately, it did not happen. I could no longer bear sleep deprivation. It lasted for about six months, and my son had no proper sleeping regime. I remember how long, gloomy, and noisy those nights were. What made it worse is the fact that I had numerous questions with no answers. I was not sure what was happening. Is something wrong with me? Is something wrong with my baby? Why my baby cannot sleep at night? While I was browsing social media, my eyes fell on something called Child Sleep Consultation. It was a discovery for me. I had heard of potty training, but sleep training was something new, especially where I live. Curiosity made me search deeper and deeper until I discovered that there are qualified trainers who can help me right now, and they are in my community. They were precisely two child-sleep consultants. All I had to do was arrange an appointment as soon as possible. However, I hesitated a lot after consulting with some friends. They convinced me that I would not benefit from these consultations because it is normal for a child to sleep irregularly. They said, “A baby cannot sleep more than 3 hours! The situation is quite normal!” I do not know if that was the truth or what the source of information was, but society seems to unanimously agree on that point. Nevertheless, my husband and I decided to take this step, set up an appointment, and marched towards the sleep training journey. I was so excited and scared at the same time. My baby was one year and eight months old, and I was eight months pregnant. However, the phone call with the specialist was pleasant and reassured me that this was the right step. She explained to me the nature of irregularity and helped me to better understand my child. She provided me with excellent scientific information that made me confident that improving my child’s sleep quality was possible. She supported her arguments with relevant scientific research. She explained to me the sleep cycle of the child and the adult, how many hours my child is supposed to sleep, the bedtime routine, and the method that we had to adopt during the training. She helped me a lot and g
Curriculum vitae are commonly known as a CV. CV is a marketing tool that contains your personal information, job history, skills, and achievements. A document that presents a candidate’s history in front of the employer in one or two pages is known as a CV. CV plays an important role in presenting a candidate’s personality in front of others. A CV is an appropriate marketing tool, which helps in promoting a candidate’s skills and capabilities, and a CV is a kind of broacher that lists the benefits of a particular service. Writing a CV is an important issue which a number of candidates do not consider important. Always view CV from employer’s point of view. Before writing a CV a person should ask the following question: Will I be able to stand in competition with other candidates and would the manager like to talk about a possible job? A nice, clear, and concise CV opens the door to a bright future. It’s a first step that helps in impressing an employer. A CV is an initial step with potential employers and opens the door. A CV is an essential tool in a job hunt, whenever a candidate needs to apply, CV is required in order to create a candidate’s first impression in the eyes of the employer. In the United States and Canada CV is considered as a document that includes a comprehensive listing of professional experience, in terms of employment, academic achievements, and other certifications. The following elements should be clearly listed in the CV: Header, Personal information, Contact details, Career Objectives, development of career objectives, Goal, and ach
Introduction Etihad is the official airline of the United Arab Emirates that was established through a government declaration as part of an economic diversification and development strategy. The government is the sole owner of the airline. Three years after its inception in 2003, the airline managed to emerge as the fastest-growing airline globally. The airline transported 7.1 million passengers in 2010 and sought to increase the figure to 25 million. Environmental Management To consolidate its business success, the company has embarked on corporate social responsibility (CSR) to ensure that its social responsibility becomes a priority, evident in its mission and objectives. The key environmental strategy is to ensure that the airline keeps its carbon emission as low as possible through its own initiative and collaboration with partners. The company seeks to respond to the growing concern of increasing carbon emission due to an increase in demand for airline travel. The areas identified are; customer and staff transportation, emission from jet engines and other services that are outsourced that emit carbon. The company, in response to Green House Guidelines, ensures that it measures and puts under control all carbon emissions associated with its operations. The implementers of the Green House Guidelines are Etihad staffs who have volunteered to train other staff on sustainable use of resources, recycling and reducing their domestic greenhouse emission. Although reducing greenhouse emission had been the company’s major strategy, the airline has also sought to reduce the amount of noise pollution as a result of its activities. The airline has put into place guidelines to reduce noise pollution, for instance, the banning of aeroplanes that produce so much noise. The guidelines are in line with the propositions outlined by Chapter 4 of ICAO standards. The airline has also implemented strategies geared towards the reduction of waste management. Waste management is being implemented through the establishment of recycling facilities. The company seeks to expand its facilities to all its operation centres. The company is also seeking ways to increase its use of bio-fuels that are deemed safer and more environmentally friendly as compared to fossil fuel. The airlines environmental management program targets the reduction of environmental pollution through the reduction of carbon emission, waste reduction, reduction of noise pollution and the use of biofuels. Contribution to the Nation’s Economic Growth and Development To boost its corporate social responsibility, the airline has come up with strategies to promote the economic growth of Abu Dhabi. To ensure that its economic contribution was evaluated p