ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In one of the articles titled the one-minute manager, the features of a good manager are outlined. The authors of the article conducted a study on one leaders in the medical field and filed a report that could be used in improving management skills. The term best is used to refer to a manager who is always focused on providing quality results. Such a manager would always feel good whenever the performance of the organization improves. The authors narrate that a young man was interested in becoming a good manager and went out to explore the features of a good leader in the organization. The young man searched in every city, but he could not find a good manager who would realize the organizational goals and dreams. He interacted with government officials, military officials and even construction supervisors, but they never made up good managers. In his exploration, the young man found out that managers developed some strategies that were unpleasant as far as realizing organizational; goals are concerned. Some were autocratic while others were profit-minded managers. This implies that there were various varieties of managers, but none of them were efficient. One day, the young executive met an individual who claimed that he was the best manager in the town. The manager agreed to meet young man the following day. The manager did not have the qualities that make up good managers, as expected. The young man was surprised when he visited the manager in his office. The manager was standing near the window while peeping outside. The manager explained that he frequently holds meetings with members of staff for at least two hours. The manager claimed that he gives his employees a chance to discuss issues, as he notes down the major points. Management Style Used by the Five-Minute Manager Five-minute manager was generally considered a transformational leader who has the capacity to inspire his employees to achieve the best o their capacity. According to Brewster (2008, p. 38), Richard Branson strongly believes that every single employee within this firm has its worth. Whenever Branson is dealing with the employees, he would constantly remind them that they are of very high value to the organization, and that their effort is highly appreciated. He would inform the employees that although they were giving their best in their current state, they have potential to achieve better results if only they add a little more effort. Employees working under Branson’s leadership have been made to believe that they are not only important to this firm as employees, but also as the central stakeholders of this firm. His management approach is always focused on making the employees feel that they own the firm (Huy 2002, p. 77). Branson has successfully eliminated the tag employee on his employees, and in its place, he has created the tag members. This manager has successfully convinced his employees that they are part of the firm, and everyone
Introduction One of the main reasons why Restoration comedies The Country Wife by William Wycherley and The Rover by Aphra Behn were able to attain a popularity with the members of viewing audiences at the time of their staging, is that both dramaturgical works contain themes and motifs of an unmistakably societal significance. That is, just as it is the case with Wycherley’s comedy, the one written by Behn does address the socio-cultural effects of Restoration on British society. In this paper, I will explore the validity of this suggestion at length, while arguing that; whereas, The Country Wife is best discussed within the conceptual framework of a ‘subversive comedy’, The Rover fits better into the framework of a ‘social comedy’ (as defined by Canfield). Main body According to Canfield: “Subversive comedy reveals fissures under the smooth surface of official ideology, even as the play end in ritual celebration of society’s centripetal power – usually a marriage” (XVII). [This is how the page, containing Canfield’s definition, is numbered]. Canfield’s term implies that this particular type of comedy exposes deep-seated inconsistencies between the official state-ideology and the actual state of socio-cultural affair in the country. In order for us to be able to substantiate the suggestion that the earlier provided definition does apply to Wycherley’s comedy, we will have to make mentioning of what were the specifics of a socio-political situation in Britain, during the course of Restoration. Before being allowed to return to Britain and to assume British throne, Charles II was made to promise that, while acting as a king, he would refr
Introduction Structural inequality can be defined as the inequality in societies based on the societies structures. Societies are based on structures for instance they can be organized according to their social structures and powers. One of the indicators of structural inequality is the Gini index or Gini square. Most people argue that structural inequality is transgenerational in the sense that it’s related to factors like occupational status, come inequality, and inequality of job satisfaction. According to how the societies are structured, you find that inequality is actually based on those structures. for instance, in western societies, income inequality actually proved to be less family determined and less congruent with other dimensions of social stratification. in most of the developing countries, you find that there is high-income inequality in the sense that you find that most of the rich and the most powerful tend to benefit from the country’s resources at the expense of the ordinary poor. Also, most of the societies have structures based on social classes, cultures among others and it’s due to these structures then inequality tends to rise. Inequality has many dimensions ranging from culture, violence, race, money, recourses among others. For instance, in the case of culture, it is actually structured on the basis of racism and inequality. Culture can be defined as a totality of values, attitudes, believes, norms, relations among others but you find that today, culture has actually negated all these definitions due to the rising inequality today. In this culture in which we live, it has actually been perpetrated by many ideologies ranging from classism, racism, and sexism. In how our societies are structured, colonization gets its legitimacy with the different societies ranging from the most dominant and the subjugated.it is due to this then that you find that many societies have different power and privileges. the issue of inequality in this case then appears as a result of how people access these powers and privileges and how the various resources are distributed. You find that there is a lot of inequality in how these resources are distributed since most of the powerful tend to get the highest share from these resources leaving the common man to suffer. (Brown, 2001). Impact of structured inequality Structured inequality in most societies had many impacts. Some of these impacts included things like poor distribution of recourses in the sense that in most of these societies, it was only the most powerful in the society who could actually benefit from these resources. They tended to get the lion’s share at the expense of the poor. This inequality has also resulted in increased crimes since due to the poor allocation of resources; the poor could result in crimes like stealing in order to be in a position to sustain them. There were also conflicts in the distribution of these resources leading to crimes. (Brown, 2001). Crime/conflict It has been found that the increasing levels of income inequality are a structural co
When adding a new route to the network of a domestic airline, it is necessary to evaluate a range of factors to ensure this route will be profitable. Although various factors might potentially affect domestic airlines’ decisions related to adding a new route, the costs of this initiative and expected benefits connected with passengers’ demand are the most critical ones. Thus, the major factors considered by domestic airlines planning a new route are associated costs, the number of potential passengers, competitiveness, the airport revenue, and seasonality, and they are discussed in detail in this paper. The critical factor to discuss is the cost of adding new routes for a domestic airline. This category includes various costs: passenger-related costs, fuel expenses, aircraft leasing, and administrative costs, and human resources costs (Deveci, Demirel, & Ahmetoğlu, 2017; Wang, Sun, Zhu, & Zhu, 2015). Domestic airlines need to predict passenger costs in terms of meals, services, and entertainment. Fuel costs associated with the selected type of the fleet and distances influence domestic airlines’ decisions because high expenses make them increase ticket prices, becoming less attractive to customers (Fu, Lei, Wang, & Yan, 2015). According to Sha et al. (2015) and Chang, Lee, and Wu (2019), to address this issue, airlines apply mathematical and statistical models to predict aircraft leasing and administrative costs, including gate and distribution costs. Zhong (2018) agreed that the results of such analysis contribute to airlines’ decision-making because these models are accurate and take into account related factors. Additionally, attention is paid to forecasting crew salaries to add to assessing overall expenses associated with routes (Deveci et al., 2017). When the cost factor is analyzed, the next step to take is the focus on passengers. To cover all the calculated costs and guarantee profitability for a domestic airline, it is necessary to predict the number of passengers using the route. Thus, the total demand for this route needs to be assessed (Colmenares-Quintero, Góez-Sánchez, & Colmenares-Quintero, 2018; Feriyanto, Saleh, Fauzi, Dzakiyullah, & Iwaputra, 2016). According to researchers, attention should be paid to transit passengers who will potentially select this flight and its connectivity to other flights because of increasing the overall number of passengers using certain domestic airlines significantly (Eltoukhy, Chan, & Chung, 2017; Field, 2016). In their turn, Chang et al. (2019
Executive Summary This paper studies the cause of the accident that occurred in 1988 involving Aloha Airlines flight 243. The airplane was flying passengers from Hilo to Honolulu. The craft experienced explosive decompression that left one flight attendant dead and many other injured. Several human mistakes led to the accident including the over-use of the craft which was 19 years old when the accident occurred. Safety policies and procedures are attributed to the accident. The study explores what might have caused the accident and the aftermath of the accident on safety policies. Background Airplane History Based at the Honolulu International Airport, Hawaii, an Alahola Airlines Boeing 737 was scheduled for a number of inter-island flights on April 28, 1988. The flights were to be conducted under Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 14 Part 121. The ill-fated plane was B737-200 Line number 152 and operated as flight 243. The craft was 19 years old when it crashed. It had accumulated 35,500 hours in flight with 89,700 flight cycles. Cycles are the pressurization between take-offs and landings. The cycle was the second highest in the world. When the crash occurred, the plane was en-route from Hilo to Honolulu. The plane experienced structural failure and an explosive decompression at 24,000 feet off the ground. Early Morning Checks A first officer and a captain had been assigned to make the first six flights of the day. A first officer had been planned to take over and complete the remainder of the day’s schedule. At the Aloha Airlines Operations Facility, the first officer checked in at around 0500hrs with the dispatch office. He familiarized himself with the operations flight paperwork and proceeded to the parking apron. He performed pre-flight procedures required by the company. The procedure is supposed to be carried out before the first flight of the day. The craft maintenance log released had been signed indicating there were no obvious discrepancies according the officer. He proceeded to prepare the cockpit for the preflight external portion. It was still dark when the officer performed the visual inspection on the exterior of the plane. The apron was however lighted. There was nothing unusual that the officer noticed hence was satisfied that aircraft was in good condition for flights (Aloha.net 1). Normal Flights At about 0510hrs, the captain checked in for duty. Upon completion of the pre-departure duties at the dispatch, he proceeded to the aircraft. There were three round-trip flights from Honolulu through Hilo, to Maui and Kaual. The crew reported that during all the six flights, the plane systems performed normally as expected. The flights were uneventful. Visual exterior inspections by the crew were not mandatory as per Federal Avia
The QSEN website has several fundamental competencies that should be integrated into the professional nursing setting. Equipping nurses with them has become indispensable to ensuring that professional accountability and continuous learning are accomplished. To implement the competencies in the workplace, all nurses should be trained on the fundamental principles of the latter. Similarly, the nursing board should introduce them to accreditation standards, and enhance a continuous improvement in training the fundamental competencies (Kuehn, 2009). During the training, the educators should guide the nurses on the unit strategies and procedures. To understand the informatics competency, nurses should rehearse using electronic health registers (American Nurses Association, 2010). The IOM report framework for health care focuses on how to improve the health care delivery system (American Nurses Association, 2010). To apply the report’s recommendation in nursing, nurse managers should support awareness of quality, evaluate the progress of achieving national goals, and pay attention to possible effects of policy decisions and initiatives (Kuehn, 2009). In the work setting, the report will indicate whether health care delivery is improving, stagnating, or worsening. Therefore, nurses should be informed about the various procedures that indicate patients’ care when they are healthy and when they are ill (American Nurses Association, 2010). The publication featured in the American Nurses Association website focuses on workplace safety. According to the report, more than 63% of American nurses are weary about needle stick injuries (McNamara, 2008). The same report indicates that up to 55% of American nurses claim that safety setting distresses their safety. As a nurse, the above implies that I should be able to manage workplace stress so that they do not compromise on my workplace safety (Kuehn, 2009). Concerning my work setting, nurse managers should ensure that all factors that undermine work safety are addressed comprehensively (American Nurses Association, 2010). In the student’s response, communication barriers are identified as the major issues related to the National Patient Safety Goals. After reading through the reply, I noted that the website recognizes that complications arise when health care staff and patients cannot communicate effectively. I agree with the student that up to 90 million Americans misinterpret the information given to them about health info
In her compelling masterpiece, “the wild swans: three daughters of China”, Jung Chang gives a vivid description of the struggles of three women amid a politically unstable society. Chang describes the occurrence of different events in her family in relation to the radical political events in China. Through the description of her three generations, Chang highlights the theme of oppression, which comes up due to the barbarism of the reigning regime. The following text expounds Chang’s theme of oppression especially to women mainly due to political upheavals. Yu-fang is the first woman who suffers in the hands of her father. Because of his greed and selfish gains, Yu-fang’s father gives her off to an old man not necessarily as a wife but as a concubine in order to elevate his social status. Surprisingly, the warlord who had countless wives and concubines has no time for her. However, according to traditions, Yu-fang has to endure the loneliness as a submissive woman. Six years later without her conjugal rights, she conceives a daughter after the return of her husband but she flees after his health deteriorates. Her departure is to protect herself against the General’s wives and other relatives who may harass her. Sadly, again she falls in hands of an old doctor Dr. Xia as a wife. The suffering of women prompts Yu-fang to pray to her god not to create her as a woman because she says, “Let me become a cat or a dog” (Chang 58). Therefore, the lack of respect for women, especially young girls, was evident among the prominent men during Yu-fang’s generation. Similarly, Chang’s mother enters the institution of marriage at only fifteen where she joins the communist party. On one occasion, her husband forces her to walk over thousands of kilometers for military training. On the contrary, Chang’s father uses a jeep in his movement while his wife treks. Consequently, she loses her pregnancy due to the strenuous activity and movement. On the other hand, the people of China live under abject poverty mainly because of the reigning regime. Children attend poorly built school, live in poor structures and the authority dictates corn and sorghum as the only food. Anybody who eats other food is liable for a punishment. Thus, the terrific ruling regimes together with the suffering of the people motivated Chang to relocate to England after the fall of Mao regime where she still currently lives. Although Chang’s masterwork received international praise and awards, a few critics, especially the political class in China, are against her efforts in exposing the oppressive history. The author paints negatively the history and especially the men of China as inhuman, oppressive and greedy. Chang’s main aim is to expose china’s history, but her use of contemptuous, judgmental, and harsh tone prompts the readers to develop a negative attitude towards the people and the nation of China. Consequently, the negative presentation of the Chinese history prompted the Chinese authority to ban it, which makes
Introduction The book under analysis presents a magnificently captivating story of a woman named Jesusa, who explores her role in the world and looks for her identity during the time of the Mexican revolution. Throughout the course of the book, the readers get to observe the life of the main protagonist starting with her childhood memories of spending time with her family and moving all the way towards her elderly life as a hard worker. The author shows many different aspects of Jesusa’s life such as her social status, economic situation, spiritual beliefs and worldviews, and her relationships with the other people. Because the life and personality of Jesusa are depicted in such a realistic and detailed way, the author manages to create a vivid character with her unique flaws and advantages. Besides, Poniatowska uses first-person narration in her book, and that is why the story is rather subjective, which sometimes makes it difficult for the reader to understand the reactions of the main protagonist. At the same time, the first-person narration makes Jesusa relatable and open for the comprehension by the reader. This paper presents an exploration of the book “Here’s to You, Jesusa” and the themes of feminism and female identity in a male-dominated world in particular. Book Summary The story begins with a depiction of Jesusa as an elderly woman with a rather harsh and rude character; this description is accompanied by the author’s explanation of her relationship with the main protagonist and the desire to eternalize the story of her unconventional life. The readers then get to meet Jesusa as a child and observe that she was surrounded by victimized and oppressed women – her sister Petra, her brother’s woman Ignacia, and many of her father’s lovers. As soon as the revolution begins, Jesusa immediately becomes sucked into its unstoppable and merciless political and social mechanism. Revolution penetrates every sphere of her life as she becomes a soldadera, marries an officer, and is forced to participate in the revolution and choose sides. As a woman, she is mistreated by society and by her husband. It is clear during the Mexican revolution that women have very low value as individuals even though their contribution to social life is massive. As a product of the society extremely abusive toward
City planners are guided by the principle of non discrimination in their policy formulation and planning endeavors. In their efforts, they endeavor to provide level play ground on which equal opportunities are availed or awarded to individuals in society. The local agencies that plan for society focus on the general welfare of the whole society. Although they may consider the interests of different community groups, the planners harmonize all into one plan that is supposed to serve all. One of the key contentions Davidoff raised against this kind of approach is that, non discrimination does not negate need for equity. Davidoff believed that the future of society was of urban nature. In the urban society, only planners would help towards equity in society. However, the movement towards equity based planning would require planning moving from notion of mere tacticians to embrace value seeking schemas or operations [1] . Value based planning involves looking into the future and appropriating current plans to befit or ensure better living conditions in that future. Equitable treatment is different from equality based treatment. Equity requires that we go beyond treating all elements or people equally to consider the element of fairness. According to Davidoff, different sections of people in a society have different particular needs. These needs cannot be fully taken care of if one plan is adopted for all. Therefore, he advocated for the development of plans to cater for the special needs of each group. He observed that the upper class members of society had the financial resources to literary buy or force towards their interests. The wealthy either use their economic muscle to find their way into the planning boards or to influence the planners. In actual sense, the planners hail from the upper class or middle class and may not fully appreciate the concerns of the lower class member. Politics is about interests thus politicians or local politics is ideally expected to champion for local causes. However, as Davidoff points out, local politics is generally compromised and cannot adequately champion the interests of the weak [2] . Given politics has failed in providing a good participatory platform that would encourage pluralistic planning, hope turns to the different interest groups e.g. human rights activists in community. These groups have great potential of encouraging individual citizen’s participation in planning. The involvement of the wider community in planning makes planning more comprehensive than what planning commissions can achieve [3] . According to Davidoff, professional planne