ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The term investment has been the topic of discussion among most ‘enlightened’ people throughout the globe. As a result the current globalization rate has made people to venture into various business and finance options in a bid to earn more income. People as well as business enterprises have opted to embark on investment as the better choice of acquiring quick and reliable income. Investments can be of various types such as capital markets which include shares and bonds, banking and property investment just to mention but a few. All the aforementioned investment options have their own types of risks with the common ones being valuation risks, force of sale risks and the business risks (Ball and Grilli, 1997, p.280). Despite the risks accompanying the investment options, people and corporations still strive to venture into investment business because in most cases if well managed investing is very profitable. A common way of investing is through the investment property which entails purchasing a commercial property or real estate with the aim of gaining returns within a given period of time or even eternity. In most cases the owner of the investment property rarely makes use or occupies the property. In instances where the owner occupies it, they will use only a portion of it and let out the rest. After certain duration of time, the property is completely paid off and the purchaser continues to enjoy the income generated from the property (Ball and Grilli, 1997, p.280). Investment property is a type of investment option that is practiced throughout the globe. This paper is a discussion of how the UK-investment properties have been characterized by booms and crashes and if they go against the efficient market hypothesis as well as advising an investor about investing in properties. The Cycles of booms and crashes in the UK investment properties The United Kingdom has been categorized as one of the most developed nations of the world. For a long time UK has been among the stable locations for the investment property market (McGough and Tsolacos, 1995. p.47). However, in the recent past the investment property sector has been characterised by periods of high returns and those of negative returns hence making the sector unstable and unpredictable. This on the other hand has lowered the investor confidence in UK making most investors opt for other locations to invest. The property investment market of UK has been known to boom then suddenly crashes before it booms again. Due to the reason that the property investment market is closely related to the country’s economy, whenever it crashes, the government does all it can to get things back to normal thus it booms. The issue of booms and crashes in the UK property investment market was of concern even in earlier years before the globalisation era (McGough and Tsolacos, 1995. p.47). For example, UK is characterised by two major crashes of 1974 and 1990 which had significant impacts on the economic system of the nation. While the 1974 crash caused severe crisis in the banking sector of UK, the 1990 crash led to
It could be said that nurses can be considered leaders. It is widely known that being a nurse involves working under high pressure, as nurses are responsible for human lives. Another reason that proves that all nurses are the leaders is the fact that nurses should be able to distribute various duties in emergencies to avoid deaths and fatal injuries. These skills will help perform tasks efficiently and improve the quality of services. However, a primary proof of the fact that all nurses are leaders in advanced communication skills. Nurses have to be leaders while having a conversation with a patient, as a patient might not provide all information about his condition. Consequently, nurses have to be able to ask the right questions, which will lead to the answers with the necessary information. The ability to communicate effectively helps avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretations, which might be potential threats to the mental and physical conditions of the patient. Furthermore, as leaders, nurses have to be able to communicate with all members of the hospital and patients effectively. Another essential attribute of communication skills is the ability to control emotions while having a conversation with a patient (Ezzatabadi et al. 2012). In conclusion, it could be said that nurses can be always considered leaders, as they work in a stressful environment and have to make risky decisions. However, advanced communications skills are a vital instrument to control the situations, and it is a primary factor, which controls service quality and potential outcomes. It could be said that all nurses overwork and often make mistakes due to their fatigue. Moreover, they put patient’s life in danger and question their abilities to perform the tasks adequately. According to ANA, nurses have to be able to work in suitable working conditions to perform their duties efficiently (2006). However, the reduction of financing administration of some hospitals makes nurses work extra hours to provide a 24/7 service in the hospital. However, the quality of the service lacks quality, as nurses are not even able to do simple operations effectively. Furthermore, nurses might even injure themselves and other medical staff. Moreover, administrators and nurse managers have to understand that they are forcing the nurses to provide unsafe practice and break the rules of the ethical code of practice (American Nurse Association, 2006). It could be said, in general, administration and the nursing manager are the primary members of the hospital, who are responsible for nurses’ unsafe actions. The Administration handles financial planning and human resources formation. Consequently, it is responsible for not proving suitable conditions for working. The nurse manager monitors the working sh
Introduction Expert consulting group (ECG) is a consulting company majoring in the field of information technology services. Due to the rapid growth in information technology, the expert consulting company plans to expand its business operation through the initial public offer (IPO) of its common stocks. To achieve its goal as it expands, the ECG develops and implements a code of conduct covering anticipated and potential ethical compliance and government regulations, which all the employees should adhere to for smooth operations. As with other organizations, the ethical guidelines governing the ECG remain important tools in the regulation of the behaviour of employees towards the achievement of the company’s set goals. Ethical guidelines Ethical guidelines in the ECG govern the conduct of employees and the procedure followed in execution of duties in the company all aimed at achieving the set goals. Incorporation of the guidelines to the code of conduct ensures all the employees follow and adhere to them because the performance of the ECG depends on employees who are serious, responsible, honest, engaged and committed to achievement (Cummings and Worley 61). These ethical guidelines help to develop the company’s culture and reflect on the values making the foundation of operations in the expert consulting companies. Executive order of trustworthiness, positive attitude, and commitment of all employees in the ECG ensures achievement of set goals by the company. This order from the management ensures all employees working inside or outside the company carry out their mandates ethically in accordance to the set standards by the company (Curnow and Reuvid 83). Delivery of services therefore, would entail good judgement, responsibility, and carefulness of the employees of the expert consulting firms. Communication guidelines in the ECG help in building trust among employees, management, and clients. The ECG advocates for open and reliable communication among its employees, which helps in delivering services honestly to the clients and therefore helping in achieving the company’s goals. On the other hand, open communication ensures timely dissemination of relevant information relating to employees work and this prevents delays in delivery of services. With the ECG, the ethical guideline on working environment remains a critical area of focus. Equality, openness, and patience characterize working environments in many expert consulting firms (Smit 45). This regulation ensures delivery of services to all clients equally without discrimination based on culture, political ideas, faith, or social status. The ECG furthermore, repr
Introduction Many people think that sociology and social work are the same. But, actually, they are not similar. In social work, the people who have a kind heart will practically apply those things that they have studied in order to help individuals. Their main task is to help the individuals who need some sort of help. In sociology, we study things about helping people, and also we mainly study the systematic construction of a well-organized human society. All social behavior like culture, social interaction, groups, and social institutions shape the character of humans as well as society. In sociology, many scientific approaches are used to make a study on various aspects. These aspects include the study of human nature and human society. Sociology mainly helps us to understand more about human nature and human behavior towards society. In the 19th century, sociology was only concerned with the social structure of organizations and industrial societies. But now it has expanded to all fields. There is a famous definition of sociology given by a famous sociologist named Anthony Giddens which says that “Sociology is the study of human social life, groups and societies …. “ Anthony Giddens (“Sociology”, 1989).” (Sociology Guide). Sociology is not a mere fascinating concept, but it is a useful concept having vast applications. This is useful to educate people from diverse societies. This is not a simple mission. The media always bring out the news about social issues and make the people bother about the society. Other than this, sociology helps us to know about ourselves also. Sociology clearly influences the character of people. All children’s character is similar when they are born. But their character changes when they grow up, according to the situations around them. This is due to social interaction. In recent years, the use of television and the internet has highly influenced people. The use of the internet is in two ways. The Internet can be used as a tool for research and discussion. We can make an online social community by using the internet. This social development influences human behavior and culture. Understanding yourself Actually, sociology is the study of human beings and their surroundings. In this, we also study the individual’s surroundings and the environments around him. So, one can come to the view that sociology is the study of ourselves. Many skills are included and developed in ourselves when we go deep into the field of sociology. The main advantage of studying sociology is that one can develop his communication skill. Everyone knows that communication is a very important factor in the life of a human being. Through effective communication only, a person can transfer his ideas to another. In the study of sociology, one will be going through many aspects like group discussion, project presentation and many other group’s works. In a group discussion, there will be a group of students or people and they are given a particular topic and these students have to make speeches on the topic given to them. During this time, other students are allowed to ask questions on the given topic, and also they can giv
Problem and Policy Description Environmental degradation is one of the major problems that threaten the existence of humanity. Environmental degradation has led to the increase in greenhouse gases (GHG). Global warming is one of the effects of environmental degradation. This has necessitated countries to devise strategies on how to reduce their GHG emission. The Kyoto Protocol is one of the boldest moves by countries around the world to reduce pollution. Kyoto protocol strives to reduce the carbon footprint of various countries. However, the United States, which is the largest air pollutant in the world, did not ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Politicians claimed that the Kyoto protocol would have a negative effect on the American economy. However, this has not prevented various states in the U.S. from passing laws that strive to reduce their carbon footprint. California is one of the states that have a carbon tax. California uses an auction to determine the carbon tax. The results of the first action put the price of carbon dioxide emission at $10.09 per metric ton. The first auction led to the sale of 23.1 million allowances that covered 2013 emissions. In addition, the bids in the auction were three times the number allowances available for sale. Due to the sale of all allowances covering 2013, polluters do not have to submit their emission allowances for 2013 (Barringer para 3). However, traders and regulators expected the market to be undersubscribed. Therefore, there was a sigh of relief when there was oversubscription of the allowances by a factor of 3 to 1. Analysts expect that in future the carbon tax would increase to between $11 and $12 per metric ton of carbon
COSO and COBIT Committees The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) is aimed at achieving the organization’s goals in strategic, operational and accounting reporting statements, and in the direction of compliance with the laws and rules established for the enterprise. All these partially overlapping aspects are highlighted in it in terms of protecting the organization’s resources. Through the use of the Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT), IT leaders transform business objectives into clear and understandable IT development plans. The main advantage of COBIT is its completeness and intelligible, practical recommendations and tools with which a corporate information technology management system is built. According to Gantman and Fedorowicz (2016), COBIT and COSO focus on internal control and a specific target group and pay great attention to the creation and evaluation of internal control means. Control System The internal control system consists of five interconnected components: control environment, risk assessment, control actions, information and communication, and monitoring. The control environment is the most crucial component, as it provides the basis for other constituent elements. It involves such factors as management philosophy and a leadership style, rules and methods of work with labor resources, honesty and spiritual qualities of employees, organizational structure, and leadership of the board of directors. Internal and external pressure motivates accountants and management to continue developing and improving the quality of interior control concepts. Accountants are concerned that the committees focus on the notion of reasonable assurance in connection with internal control, which guarantees the organization will achieve its goals and improve financial and operational information. Integration of audit skills and knowledge of the information system, as well as an understanding of the impact of information technology on the audit processs, are essential for internal auditors. Reference Gantman, S., & Fedorowicz, J. (2016). Communication and control in outsourced IS development projects: Mapping to COBIT domains. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems , 21 , 63-83.
In today’s world, information has become the most important and valuable strategic resource for business development (Whitman & Mattord, 2011). In order to control, operate or collect information, companies use different technologies and hardware solutions (Schermann, et al. 2014). However, with the increased globalization and rapid technological development, it is not always economically beneficial to purchase and regularly update own technological components. The most efficient solution here is an outsourcing or using of third-party technology providers. As in any other type of industry, technological outsourcing assumes cost savings and rapid accessibility of new expensive technologies. However, despite many benefits of using of third-party solutions, outsourcing potentially can lead to a rise of different types of risks. This paper aims to explore the relationship between outsourcing of technologies and its risk portfolio. In order to find the impact of technological outsourcing on a level of risk, outline a definition of the technological risk. Renn & Benighaus (2013) state that technology has become a vital companion in all aspects of human’s life. According to the authors, there is a common misperception in the society about potentially dangerous attributes of technologies. Thus, even small technological failure usually receives a lot of attention from media and people, and can lead to the rapid denial from technology and further business failure. A
Database Source Each of the articles listed and discussed below was retrieved using the Google Scholar search. The articles come from the JMIR Publications database and the Wiley Online Library. The source of the articles indicates their credibility and weight as the repository of crucial information about the current diabetes management and prevention tools. Evidence Synthesis Diabetes remains one of the leading causes of death and primary sources of health concern in the U.S., Brooklyn not being an exception. The disorder has become a significant burden on the public health and the general level s of well-being, which causes for a chance in the approach toward managing patients’ needs. Several researches have been conducted on the issue of diabetes recently. The application of telehealth as one of the most recent approaches toward sustaining the needs of people with diabetes needs to be mentioned first (). The specified tool has been proven to produce quite a large effect on patients with diabetes, as the RCT-based study performed by Hanlon et al. (2017) has shown. Another research aimed at evaluating the existing methods of sustaining the lives of patients with diabetes, the study by Sanabria-Martínez et al. (2016) needs to be examined. The paper suggests that incorporating physical activity into one’s daily routine could help prevent the development of diabetes from taking place in groups that can be described as vulnerable and prone to diabetes (Sanabria-Martínez et al., 2016). The research mentions the connection between diabetes and obesity, thus justifying the need to use an exercise-based intervention as a measure against the development of diabetes. The paper by Wu et al. (2017) offers another important addition to the analysis of diabetes and the existing interventions that allow improving the quality of patients’ lives and at the same time ensure that other vulnerable patients do not develop it. The paper focuses on introducing technological innovations into the context of diabetes management (Wu et al., 2017). According to the authors, the proposed measure will help to locate the applications that allow for the greatest levels of self-management in patients with diabetes. On closer assessment of the sources in question, one will notice that there is a distinct relationship between them. While each of the articles tackles a different aspect of diabetes management and prevention, all of them point to the problem of promoting the importance of a healthy lifestyle, as well as reasonable choices in dieting and other measures that help to reduce the risks. Therefore, all of the articles focus on the idea of educating vulnerable groups about the cause of diabetes, its main symptom’s, and the strategies for preventing and addressing it. Indeed, the lack of patient e
Introduction The purpose of this business document was to inform readers about audio and video conferencing. The target audience is made up of business persons and corporate personnel who need to communicate with one another. In this paper, an analysis of the format, structure, layout and language will be done so as to determine whether the purpose has been achieved. It will be argued that the goal of informing others about video and audio conferencing has been met through suitable use of layout, language, structure and format. The Evaluation and analysis of the document Language and presentation The choice of words used in this business document is formal, respectful, concise and apposite words. It is formal because the author uses third person narration and is detached from the paper. At one point, the writer asserts that “An ‘operator meeting’ is an audio conferencing service managed by an independent operator…” He is not using ‘we’ or ‘I’ which is quite appropriate for a document that is giving information. His words are respectful in that he is polite. For example, when talking about audio conferencing, he say that “the cheapest alternative is the desk top camera, however sound quality tends to be poor….”. He would have been impolite if he said “desk top cameras are useless because they have poor sound quality. He uses elegant writing because there are no clichés to be found in the paper. Furthermore, the choice of words are concise words, however, he could have improved on this if he started with subjects. In the first paragraph under video conferencing, he ends by saying that “There are a number of options open to organisations who wish to adopt video conferencing.” He would have been more concise if he wrote “Organisations can choose from a number of video conferencing options.” Words are unambiguous because he defines technical terms. For example, he talks about “voice switched video conferencing” and “transmission times”. The author has added definitions of most of these words thus making the work usable by anyone and thus making the document effective and efficient. It can be said that these are apposite words because they have been used in the right context. The intended reader is a business person or corporate member because of the subject matter in the documen