ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Hadji Murat was written between 1896 and 1904 by Tolstoy but was published only after his death. A breath-taking portrayal of Hadji Murat, a Muslim Warlord, is provided by Tolstoy, who had served as an officer of the Russian Army in his young years in the wars of the region. In a sense, he was able to capture the mood of the Muslims and could present their attitude towards Russians in a precise and brilliant fashion. There have been sharp insights into the wars in general as usually, they are the juxtaposition between imperialism and tribalism, diverse religious and racial mores which inevitably breeds much hatred and leave a bitter taste for decades, if not centuries to come. The Russian subjugation of Caucasus ‘The land between Christianity and Islam’ had its geographical position as a great temptation for Russia. Imam Shamil’s exploits against the Russians but eventual capitulation are heroic chapters in the annals of the Caucasus region. He was referred to as the Eagle of the Mountains and had wanted to preserve the independence and strength of the Caucasus against Russia and had the support of the Sultan of Turkey in this venture. At one stage, he wanted to gobble up Christian Georgia and restore old Islamic faith throughout the territory. Hadji Murat wants to utilize the help of Russians to free his family held by Shamil, joins them but subsequently pursued by those whom he had deserted meets with a heroic death. Tolstoy’s even-handed treatment Tolstoy’s comparison of the Caucasian spirit with the spirit of the wildflower as depicted in the opening paragraphs is a masterpiece by itself. The Imperialist, Tsarist Russia wanted to have full control over the gray regions between Turkey and Persia. The imperialism of Russians was as brutal and inhuman as the imperialism of other western countries in their progression towards conquest. Imperialism does not respect religion, race, or language but is interested in extending its sway over what it perceives as necessary to its expansion and survival. The soldiers of the Russian Army had not been motivated by the glory of Russia but nonetheless bore great hardships with equanimity. On the contrary, the sympathetic portrayal of the mountaineers and tribesmen, warriors, and their followers by Tolstoy is full of sympathy for their love of independence and determination against invaders. His innate aversion to the vain and cruel Russian monarch Nicholas I stands out. He has been able to present a coherent picture of the spirit of resistance and unity against invaders though left to themselves; the entire region had nothing but tribal and clannish feuds and skirmis
Introduction Millions of people die from heart attacks annually, and despite numerous attempts to prevent this serious health problem, no common solution with positive results only has been made. Although researchers and scholars underline the possibility to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the help of physical activities (Verghese et al. 905) or control the process of oxidation (Tuso et al. 65), heart disease remains a solid concern in medicine and health care. Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn is one of the recent worthwhile contributors to the discussion of heart disease prevention strategies. He is the author of a plant-based diet and a longitudinal study to arrest and reverse coronary artery disease that lasted 12 years. In this paper, the analysis of Dr. Esselstyn’s approach to improving the condition of a human heart and to reduce the number of heart attacks will be analyzed to develop several independent assertions about heart disease and rules to avoid coronary disease complications. Summary and Studies in Esselstyn’s Lecture Many people find the investigation of Dr. Esselstyn rather effective and interesting for the modern population who want to understand how to prevent or even reverse heart diseases. During one of his lectures, Dr. Esselstyne offered an approach with the help of which the prevention of coronary and cardiovascular diseases may be possible. He introduced the diet the essence of which is to focus on the consumption of such food as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and grams and to avoid the use of oil, meat, dairy, fish, and fowl (“Make Yourself Heart Attack Proof”). One of the strongest aspects of Esselstyn’s work is that he does not make fast conclusions or give recommendations without evidence. He took into consideration many studies, including several lipid-lowering studies, Monell chemical senses studies, epidemiological data, and the results of animal research. The investigation developed by William Roberts about triple vessel diseased arteries proved that it was not enough to find a solution to a problem. It is obligatory to understand the background, gather credible information, and analyze the case from different perspectives. Lessons and Assertions One of the most evident and crucial lessons that can be taken from Dr. Esselstyn is his “no oil” recommendation. People who want to fight against heart disease must not only stop using harmful food but make sure that no oil is present in other dishes and products. In other words, patients have to be ready to reject the presence of oil of all possible forms in their lives. A plant-based diet is a solution develope
Purpose and Moment behind the Writing This writings were made during burial ceremony of a lady who has been fighting for change, “she is not dead but sleepeth.” (Thoreau 8) The writings were meant to give hope to the family of the deceased and the change activists. This is based on the sentence, “every part of nature teaches that passing away of one live is the making room for another.” (Thoreau 2) In this sentence, the author is trying to give hope to those left behind by the deceased that, even though she has died, but she has given room for more good things to happen. At the same time, the author is trying to advice people to do good things while still on earth as their deeds might benefit other people when they die. People’s deeds might either affect other people positively or negatively, depending on what they did while still a life, and such effects might be long run or short run. People should be like trees, whereby, the main tree might be felt, but the impacts after sometime will be positive, as more trees will sprout. In a statement “I find it good to remember the eternity behind me as well as eternity before,” (Thoreau 3) implies that, people should know where they are coming from and where they are going, they should not just walk in darkness. People should be taking any opportunity that comes before them, to ensure that they have reached their right destiny. The other purpose of this writing is to agitate people to stop seeing things happen the way they are happening, but try to make
By showing how oblivious the men are to the challenges and accomplishments of women’s lives and women’s work, Trifles forces us to question how we perceive the world. The male characters enter a house filled with clues to a desperately unhappy situation, and do not even notice. If this is possible in the setting of the play, what important hints to the truth are we, the viewers, missing and overlooking in everyday life? The male characters assume that anything that the women do or think is trifling compared to the work of men. They assume, simultaneously, that the maintenance of domestic comfort is women’s responsibility, no matter what the obstacles. For example, they expect a clean towel, but ignore the difficulty of effective laundry in a house so cold it freezes jam. They mock the women over quilting versus knotting, or the state of the preserves, but undoubtedly expect a warm bed and sweet spread for their own flapjacks (Glaspell). The sheriff’s wife is said to be “married to the law” , and to need no supervision, as though she does lacks an independent mind and will (Glaspell). On the other hand, the women defer to the men, suggesting that their judgment is more valid somehow, at least in their own minds. When the two women find the canary with its neck broken, Mrs. Peters says, “My, it’s a good thing the men couldn’t hear us. Wouldn’t they just laugh!” (Glaspell). She recognizes that their feminine inferences might seem ridiculous to the men, but also could potentially send Mrs. Wright to her execution. Their concealment of the evidence they find is thus a brave act of solidarity with Mrs. Wright’s rebellion against loneliness and abuse. The Hairy Ape ‘s naturalistic dialogue is mild in comparison with what the viewing public hears regularly in reality TV shows, but it must have seemed shocking when it premiered. The cruelty of the other laborers after Yank is insulted by Mildred as a “filthy creature”, seems a bit artificially extreme, but is perhaps accurate for the era (O’Neill). The play aims to make political points about class boundaries. Thus, the conflicts, for example, between Yank and the Gentleman walking on 5th Avenue, are heightened for dramatic effect. If the viewer accepts this premise, as I do, then these artificialities work. The social and spiritual distance that Yank perceives, between himself and his fellow laborers, Mildred, the wealthy New Yorkers, the other prisoners, and finally, the Wobblies, all makes Yank feel totally alienated. His sense of isolation leads him to t
Goal of the Author The scientific objectives of the study [1] are the provision of genuine, exciting, and motivational experiences and resources, the use of cross-cultural communication experiences, and the opportunity to reflect, compare, open, and accept other cultures. The purpose of the study was to learn the experience of participants in improving cross-cultural competencies through the design of classrooms using social technology. The author suggests that the role of media is crucial in language learning and communicating. Core Arguments There are several arguments used in the article to support the core idea and thesis statement. First, intercultural competence today is a practical prerequisite for learning a language, as the disparities caused by geography and space have been minimized, and the amount of human interaction between cultures has increased significantly. Next, most academic research uses technology to improve linguistic skills, which are speaking, vocabulary, reading, listening, and writing, rather than to improve cultural knowledge. Culture is usually a secondary goal rather than a primary goal. As a result, according to the conclusions of the authors, cross-cultural knowledge is underestimated in the traditional EFL (English as Foreign Language) curriculum. Consequently, scientific research on cross-cultural competencies is less extensive than research on language skills. The educational and research design of the work was based on two main theoretical frameworks. They are the Hanbay’s level of cultural understanding and the Scarino and Liddiocoat’s idea of ​​language in terms of social practice. There are five fundamental principles of language learning: making connections, reflection, responsibility, social interaction, and active construction. These five points of the framework are related to intercultural understanding as basic elements need to be developed. Social technology, likewise information technology, could effectively contribute to the development of language learning in regard to intercultural instruction. The role of technology-mediated communication is highly important for teaching a foreign language. Social networking could foster social connectedness feelings,
Introduction and organisation background Pisco Biondi is a liquor making organisation based in Peru. It was founded in the year 1972 by Antonio Biondi and was first called Antonio Biondi and sons. It was eventually renamed Pisco Biondi SAC after it became a public corporation. The company is located in Southern Peru so that manufacturers can gain access to raw materials easily. The organisation does not concentrate on mass production of its various categories of liquor because it prefers to provide more quality than quantity. This is the reason why the biggest demographic in its retail sales is composed of high income earners. The company initially focused and sold to the Peruvian market exclusively. However, this has now changed with its expansion into Germany, Mexico, Japan and even the United States. Now that the company is moving into these international markets, it will also use the same targeting strategy in those foreign markets. Pisco Biondi will largely be selling to high income earners there as well. It is in need of a fresh, efficient and economical way of reaching this new target market. There are a wide range of products sold by the company but all are derived from grapes. The item is a brandy that is consumed by most Peruvians; however, Pisco is also made in neighbouring countries such as Bolivia and Chile. Examples of brand names one can find in this product range include Bindi Italia, Biondi Puro, Biondi sour or Buiondi Italia six pack. Description of what the initiative is about The initiative will focus on providing this Pisco maker with an e marketing solution for their business in the new foreign countries. The initiative will combine two components which include online direct sales and online direct marketing. The main goal in this initiative is to be able to get to wide audience as well as minimise the costs entailed through the use of the internet. This kind of medium will allow the company to reach a vast number of consumers conveniently and tell them about their products and services (Raghu & Khiang, 2000). Online direct selling and online direct marketing will ensure that the company gets a boost to its already successful ecommerce strategy. Although the organisation is not 100 percent e-commerce, it has still used the internet for its sales. This e marketing initiative will therefore make the business more successful by increasing customer reach, heightening sales and subsequently increasing profit margins (Stone, 2007). The initiative will involve a three pronged approach: first it will entail the use of emails i.e. online email marketing, second it will embrace the use of social media such as facebook and twitter i.e. online direct selling on social media networks and third it will involve other websites that may have potential consumers such as online liquor stores, online retailers as well as online magazines. Analysis. Industry/ market/ competitors In
Delirium and dementia Delirium is a severe and somewhat sudden decline in cognition, attention-focus and perception. It commonly occurs in patients with dementia. However, dementia has a diagnostic criterion different from that followed for delirium. If it is hyperactive, it is characterized by high agitation or combativeness. Nonetheless, it may also be hypoactive where it is characterized by inability to follow commands, incapacity of the patient to focus or attention or inability to converse. The acute change in cognition and attention that characterizes delirium develops over time course of hours which may extend to days. The trend is always different during the day a time at which it fluctuates. Delirium is common among the older patients and it is a life threatening condition thus qualifies as a medical emergency for instance hypoglycemia or hypoxia or even medication overdose (FERNE 2006). Conversely, delirium must be differentiated from dementia. While dementia is an illness, delirium is a set of symptoms mostly caused by acute surgical or medical illness. Therefore delirium is a reversible syndrome in most patients. Hence delirium on its own is not a disease but rather it is a set of symptoms (a clinical syndrome) and careful Management of Delirium Given that delirium is a set of symptoms that are reversible in most patients and is caused by severe surgical or medical illness, the most appropriate treatment for this is to speedily expose these organic factors and reorganize them. In the course of the diagnostic it is advisable to handle the patients with care as some patients tend to be bluntly combative or highly agitated and thus may require the use of chemical restraints. Patients with delirium may be egged on to use hearing aids or glasses since sensory deprivation may alleviate the situation by causing delirium. The patients also need to be provided with time reminders so that chronobiologic disturbances do not cause or exacerbate the delirium. It is helpful to provide reasonable amount of stimulation hence it is reasonable to avail a wall clock and illuminate the patient’s room appropriately during both the day and night. Consistency in giving orientation is important as it will help in overcoming impairment in acute memory functions. This should continually be accompanied with the explanations of the illness (Melillo & Houde 2005). Pharmacological management may be administered too. This would be done by administering antipsychotic drugs (Melillo & Houde 2005). Thus haloperidol could be administered in the right dose. Delirium arising as a result of drug withdrawal is managed through treatment by titration with intravenous benzodiazepines. Differential Diagnosis of Delirium Dementia, neurovascular insult, acute psychotic illness and non-convulsive status epilectus are among the differential diagnosis of a patient with delirium though this paper will limit itself on dementia. Dementia This is a persistent disease with growing loss of cognitive function. Nevertheless, the rate at which loss of cognitive function progresses is variable and somewhat sudden as the patient ke
The concept of multiculturalism has no clear-cut definition due to its varied perceptions within the scholarly, political and social spheres. Critics of multiculturalism perceive it to be the other side of racism. However, scientific discovery that the human DNA and race have no connection turned the debate towards culture and ethnicity as the underlying philosophies within which multiculturalism is conceived. As a result, a number of key elements of multiculturalism emerged including the history, demographic as well as politics of multicultural communities. These are analyzed against multiculturalism in Italy. The Italian culture is unique and diverse, and despite showing similarities with the American and the Haitians cultures, there is strong evidence of ideological differences amongst these cultures. The term multiculturalism has been the subject of debate from scholars, sociologists, politicians, and other professionals. From this debate, several issues have emerged and they need to be put in perspective. The purpose of highlighting these issues is two fold: to help shape the conceptualization of the term multiculturalism and to shape the ideological perspectives for this essay. To begin with, the term multiculturalism has a historical perceptive. The concept of multiculturalism emerged in the 1980s, beginning with the public school curriculum. Curriculum experts noted that at the time, the curriculum then was too Eurocentric and gender biased. It ignored the interests of women and people of color. This led to questions being asked about the pervasiveness of the white man’s culture in other spheres of life such as religion, governa
Introduction The concept of this paper is in relating American government to a fine automobile. In case of an automobile, if it runs fine or smoothly, everyone reaches home safely. If it breaks down in the middle, then all will be in trouble. In case of government also, one can relate it to the function of an automobile. If government runs smoothly without having any problem, then everything will be fine, if it is not the case and if the functioning of the government gets stuck in the middle, then it will create problems to all. The aim of the paper is to relate different parts of the automobile to the American government. The paper first explains different parts of the automobile in order to get basic idea regarding the parts and their functions. Then, the paper carries out the explanation of American government and roles of different members present in the American government. Once the familiarization of parts of automobile and American government is over everything is related and explained. Parts of automobile Automobile consists of different parts and each part has got different roles. Different parts of automobile are motor, transmitter, starter, brakes, tires, emission system, doors, seats, battery and steering wheel. Motor is one of the important parts in automobiles. If this is not present, then the use of other parts will be in vain. Transmitter is another important part in automobile. Once the motor enables the function, it is the function of transmitter to join hands with motor and make everything smooth. Next, starter starts up enables the flow of the automobile with the help of tyres present in automobile. Emission system present in the automobile is to give signals to others about what next comes. Doors present in the automobile allow passengers to enter and exit. There are different types of seats, such as, seats for drivers and co-passengers. Battery present in the automobile allows function of everything present in the automobile. If battery is low, then functioning of parts present in automobile will diminish. Last one is steering wheel which is very important in automobile which is used to move in right path. American government “The Constitution of the United States establishes three separate branches of government: Legislative , Judicial , and Executive.” (Research Aids & Tools, para.1). It is on the constitution all other actions rest and it shows the right way to all. Executive branch has got overall power. Everything revolves around this. If there is no function in executive branch, then everything will be in vain. It is the duty of the legislative branch to perform all kinds of transactions in the American government. It gathers all sorts of information and passes it to others. Judicial branch puts full stop to everything if it finds any kind of malpractices. Powers of Supreme Court come under this. Relationship Steering wheel of an automobile is related to constitution as both lead the way to others. A person sitting in the driver seat should know about the way or direction he/she needs to take passengers in order to take everyone to the