ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract McDonald’s Corporation is one of the largest fast food retailers in the world. The publicly traded company was founded on 15 th May 1940 in San Bernardino, California. Over the years, the company has managed to achieve consistency with regard to meeting various customer needs, maintaining high quality products, and adapting well to the dynamic nature of the international market. The company mainly sells fast foods such as hamburgers, chicken, French fries, soft drinks, coffee, milkshakes, salads, and desserts. With more than 35,000 chains in 119 countries, McDonald’s is definitely one of the world’s best known brands. One of the main factors that have contributed to the strong brand is the ability of the company to understand the changing lifestyle choices of their customers by providing menus that meet their dietary needs. McDonald’s often conducts market analysis to understand various factors that influence the dietary choices of its customers in order to develop new products that match their changing needs. Drivers for new product-menu development at McDonald’s New product development refers to the complete process of introducing a new product to a market. The process at McDonald’s involved increasing the product range and variety by introducing new items (Barnes, 2007). In addition, the company developed new product lines and renovated the existing ones to include healthier options. The new developments made at McDonald’s were customized to reflect the tastes and customs of the local market. One of the main factors that contributed to McDonald’s introducing the balanced lifestyle menus was the changing needs of the customers (Barnes, 2007). People in the contemporary world have become overly conscious about their health and the need to life a healthy lifestyle. Meeting the dynamic customer needs is a complex process that required McDonald’s to make numerous considerations with regard to the interplay of factors that influenced various food choices. Healthy living entails eating low fat foods and daily exercise (Williams & Carter, 2011). McDonald’s considered these factors because they have a huge effect on food decisions made by their clients. Customers responded very well following the introduction of the balanced lifestyle menus, thus boosting the company’s revenue across various outlets. Another driving force for new product development at McDonald’s was the need to retain their customers and continue their dominance in the global market (Barnes, 2007). With the customer needs and preferences rapidly changing, the company could not afford giving their competitors a chance to take away their customers. Thus, they needed to act swiftly by introducing the balanced lifestyle menus across it numerous outlets. Reflection of new product development in McDonald’s menu lines The concept of new product development reflects on McDonald’s menu lines in various ways. It is important to note that the company sourced the ideas for its new menu across various functional international teams comp
At present it is evident that the topic that elicits endless and hot debates is the topic of abortion. As a result there are two groups, pro-choice movement and pro-life movement supporting and opposing abortion respectively. Although there are various definitions for abortion, I will define abortion as a safe medical procedure aimed at early termination of pregnancy (Thomson 6). Statistics show that more and more women are carrying out abortion; in those countries where it is not legalized, women are forced to hide the fact of abortion (Boonin 92). They are compelled to do it in hospitals that do not have qualified personnel and necessary equipment. This ultimately results in serious health complications. Based on the arguments of Mills who brought forth the concept of utilitarianism and greatest good for the greatest number of people, abortion should be considered to be right in certain circumstances. For instance, if a woman from a given community is raped and gets pregnant, it is worth noting that the woman and the unborn child will be called names and scolded; this ultimately depicts a bad picture of that society (Boonin 34). Since there is no one who wishes to be called bad names, it would be rational to support abortion in this case since it will bring happiness not only to the woman but also the entire community. It has been shown that women who get pregnant from illegal acts such as rape, incest more often than not undergo serious psychological harm as compared to their victims particularly when they continue carrying the pregnancy and later in life when the child is born (Thomson 17). The question arises whether a woman should give birth when indeed she is living in extreme poverty. In my humble opinion, a decision to medically terminate the pregnancy is a lesser evil compared to bringing the child into this world where he or she will not be provided with enough food, clothing, education, parental care and medical care. This can be exemplified by the happening in developing countries where there is increasing number of street children and street families. This could not be the case if these women had an option of legally terminating the pregnancy (Thomson 22). On the same line of reasoning, ethics and laws of the land advocate for personal freedom and privacy. This is where an individual is allowed to decide the course of his or her life. This is very important in terms of human civil rights. For this reason a pregnant woman is the one who knows what is happening in her body. If she concludes that she is not capable of bearing the stresses associated with pregnancy, then she needs to have a choice of either carrying the pregnancy or terminating it. When the law does not allow her to procure an abortion this amounts to serious violation of her right to basic freedom (Boonin 23). As suggested by Thomson 12 another scenario is when doctors have shown that the unborn child is suffering from serious health complications and he or she will not lead a normal life. In this situation, it would amount to subjecting the mother and family to serious
Introduction The main purpose of the feasibility study is to open amusement party in West Kowloon District. In particular, the main theme of this recreation project is to combine the recreation center with the zoo. Construction of amusement park near the zoo will contribute to the development of efficient infrastructure and improve the popularity of the newly created concept of design. Moreover, the project aims to boost entertainment and cultural establishment in Hong Kong. The West Kowloon Cultural District, therefore, has a comprehensive design revealing several conceptual options (West Kowloon Culture District Authority 2012). The amusement park will be premised on commercial, retail, hotel, and public open space. The latter will involve the design and construction of zoo in the area. The report focuses on feasibility of the implemented project, as well as its efficiency in legal, technical, and security terms. Methodology Analysis of related projects and conceptual designs should be introduced to evaluate the technological, legal, schedule, and operational feasibility of the amusement center. Reference to secondary resources, review of websites, and online resources is helpful in defining the main concepts and implementation steps. The analysis of the proposed facility will be premised on understanding consumer perspective, as well as how the values should be shaped to increase demand and attract more customers (Crawford 2013).
Introduction The Orthodox Church promotes one of the oldest religions in the world’s history. Its origins are traceable in Rome; through the religion, people are capable of understanding that it is very difficult to separate the church from the state. When the Roman Empire collapsed, it became the Byzantine Empire established under the principles of the Christian Empire. By 537 CE, Hagia Sophia had to work alongside the Empire in order to make the world know that Rome collapsed, but the Roman Empire remained very relevant throughout history (Chidester 27). Christianity was very important to the Roman Empire because it was a mode of communication. Additionally, Christianity was a strong force that assisted the Empire in acquiring new territories. Therefore, it is a relevant argument that China is the new Rome because the country adheres to conservative principles of governance. Based on the principles of Eastern religions with particular emphasis on Buddhism, the Chinese religious structure is the most difficult to penetrate. The Orthodox Church found its way to China through the Russian Orthodox Church in the 1950s (Placher 47). It follows the principles of Eastern religions in China, and this explains the acceptance it received in the conservative community. When the Orthodox Church entered China, it faced opposition, but later managed to attract a huge number of Buddhist believers who associated closely with monks; they endured suffering as an element of getting close to God. The intention of the paper is to give a background of the Orthodox Church in China, and its future even in the midst of opposition from the Eastern religions. History of Orthodox Christianity Prehistoric Times During the prehistoric times, most political leaders used Christianity to achieve their political ends. Orthodoxy and Christianity in general played a significant role for empires during a period in which countries wanted to acquire new territories. People know little about the history of Christianity in China. Notably, a few people understand that the religion found its way into China in 68 AD. During the Eastern Han Dynasty that began in 22 AD and ended in 220 AD, Christianity faced division into the Chinese Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church (Chidester 16). To date, Christianity struggles to survive in China, but Orthodoxy finds comfort because the religion enables monks to adhere faithfully to the traditions of the East. The Orthodox did not begin in East Asia; its history in Rome is evident following the collapse of Rome. Religion played a significant role for emperor Justinian who wanted to gain control of Germany and Constantinople. Christianity assisted the Roman Empire in achieving such ends without duress; it was very important for the empire to reacquire the strongest territories of the 17 th and 18 th centuries in Europe. Notably, Emperor
The modern world is notable for its cultural diversity: people of different backgrounds and beliefs communicate, interact, and live together. However, they do not always get on well. Discrimination is one of the most pressing problems within the society that pertains to numerous spheres, and the present-day criminal justice system is not an exception. To improve the situation and achieve fairness, some changes have been introduced recently. This paper examines the Guidance for Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, the new document aimed at the development of a new approach to equality, in the context of the FBI’s activity. The reasons for the modification, its implementation, and the attitude towards the change are discussed. Finally, the assessment of the results is carried out. The shooting death of Michael Brown provoked an outcry and demonstrated that attention should be drawn to racial issues and, more broadly, equality regardless of ethnicity, gender, religion, and so on. Under these circumstances, Eric Holder, the U.S. Attorney General, announced the release of the updated Department of Justice (DOJ) guidance intended to create diligent new standards and robust safeguards (Jawando and Parsons par. 3). The previous document, the Department of Justice’s 2003 Guidance, concentrated on the racial profiling practice as the unacceptable measure. As a criterion in “conducting stops, searches, and other law enforcement investigative procedures,” it proved to be ineffective and wrong (U.S. Department of Justice Guidance Regarding the Use of Race 2). However, other factors, for example, religious identity, were not considered: people could be discriminated against on grounds other than race. In comparison, the nowadays document focuses on different issues, namely race, ethnicity, gender, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or gender identity (U.S. Department of Justice Guidance for Federal Law 1). As the document implies, these characteristics may not be used in relation to spontaneous law enforcement decisions while other types of activities allow their usage in order to detect crimes. Thus, the recent guidance is more detailed a
Abstract Changes that look threatening to organizations that are highly dependent on planning are considered normal and even welcome by organizations with a visionary approach. Strategic planning is the process of defining the general direction of an organization and then dividing that general direction into goals, which are divided into small and well-measurable actions. Planning involves consistency; preparation helps the leader be more flexible to take advantage of the opportunity. This makes them pray, learn, and recognize what the Lord is doing — in all aspects of understanding God’s unique vision (New International Version, 1978, Jeremiah 23.28). This work plans to draw up an overall ministry concept containing a Church curriculum with ongoing activities. The project is based on biblical principles and, in essence, does not contradict God’s word. The project is focused on teaching adults the basics of the Word of God, attracting new parishioners, glorifying the Church and its mission. Project Summary The Church regularly engages in strategic planning to carefully align its position to fulfill its mission. It acts in the world to establish the Kingdom of God, building up disciples in all nations, proclaiming the deed of Chris, and serving Him, thereby fulfilling the Great Commandment of love for God. In word and deed, The Church proclaims the Good News of His Kingdom and His righteousness. It invites people to become followers of Jesus and guarantees spiritual renewal and purification. The greatest support that can be given to the people is to teach them to work for God. A minister should direct his main efforts to preparing his Church members for the service within their power (Awuku-Gyampoh & Asare, 2019). He should individually work with each of them, awakening the desire to gain more profound experience and work for others. Comprehensive strategic planning must be practical and lead to measurable results. It defines the main goals and directions of the organization’s actions. Strategic planning ensures the achievement of the selected goals by using existing advantages and creating new ones (Kabeyi, 2019). It is necessary to make sure that the activities carried out have specific achievable results. Considering the Church’s initial resources, workload, attendance, and many other factors are essential when creating the curriculum (Chatira & Mwenze, 2018). A project successfully implemented from a management perspective allows one to overcome emerging difficulties and effectively manage r
Discussion This paper will discuss the article “Teens Talking with Their Partners About Sex: The Role of Parent Communication.” It was written by Hicks, McRee, and Eisenberg in 2013 and published in the American Journal of Sexuality Education (Hicks et al., 2013). The article investigated how parent-teen communication is connected with the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy. The researchers hypothesized that teenagers whose parents became “the main source of information about sex” for them “are more likely to discuss STI and pregnancy prevention with their sexual partners” (Hicks et al., 2013, p. 4). The authors considered that a high level of general parent-child communication also encourages adolescents to discuss sexual risks with their partners. Methods The study used data from the 2010 Minnesota Student Survey (MSS), an anonymous survey conducted every three years throughout Minnesota schools. The MSS covers areas relevant to the study that are the communication of students with parents, sexual behavior, and communication with sexual partners. The study sample included only teenagers who reported sexual activity, the number of which amounted to 24,781. The age range of students was from 13 to 19 years old. The communication of teenagers with their partners was evaluated with the help of the following questions: “Have you talked with your partner(s) about protecting yourselves from getting sexually transmitted diseases/HIV/AIDS?” and “Have you talked with your partner(s) about preventing pregnancy?” (Hicks et al., 2013, p. 5). The researchers excluded students with the middle response “not with every partner” to compare only the recommended behavior (the response “at least once with every partner”) and the risky behavior (the response “never”). General parent-teen communication was evaluated with the help of the question “Can you talk to your a) father b) mother about problems you are having?” (Hicks et al., 2013, p. 5). A parent-teen conversation about sex was analyzed through the item “Where have you received most of your information about sex?” (Hicks et al., 2013, p. 6). The authors also used the MSS data regarding school connectedness and future education plans of students, considering them as protective factors. In addition, they indicated the number of sex partners as the risk factor. In the survey, students could specify their race/ethnicity and respond to whether they get free or reduced-price lunch at school. Thus, to evaluate the relationship between general parent-teen communication and teen-partner communication, the researchers used logistic regression. For conversations with partners about STI and pregnancy, different models were used and adjusted for factors that are believed to affect teen-partner risk discussion. Results According to the findings, most students reported a high level of general parent-teen commun
Starbuck is one of the most prosperous coffee companies based in Seattle, Washington DC in the United States. As it has been observed, Starbucks Company has been conducting its business ethically by considering the needs of its key stakeholders. According to Starbuck (2011), ethical sourcing and social responsibility are the company’s key values that facilitate its success in the coffee industry. Based on the company’s operations, providing employees with favorable working condition has been prioritized in Starbucks. By referring its employees to as ‘partners’, Starbuck acknowledges the ultimate value of a well motivated workforce. According to Enquist Sebhatu (2008), when employees are highly motivated by being valued by their employers, they tend to become more efficient in their various duties, resulting into more customer satisfaction. Particularly, Starbucks’ good relationship with its workforce, customers and their stockholders can be attributed to its overall market leadership in the coffee industry. To ensure that Starbuck sustains its ethical business operations, it established a program called ‘Business Ethics and Compliance’ with an aim of ensuring that all its key stakeholders make ethical business decisions (Starbuck, 2011). This program aims at establishing standards and measures of facilitating resolutions for any kind of conflicts that may arise within its key partners. Based on Moon (2007), findings on corporate strategy of enhancing sustainability in its operations and maintaining ethical balance between organizations’ key stakeholders facilitate success and achievement of the laid down goals and objectives. Issues like legal compliance and channels to voice out various concerns by stakeholders need to be prioritized among organizations. With the establishment of ‘Business Ethics and Compliance’ program in Starbucks Company, stakeholders are largely encouraged to share all areas of concerns within the organization to ensure coherence successful resolution of all potential conflicts. By doing this, the company has ensured coherence within its key stakeholders, leading to its overall current business
In what situations can strategic management help hospitality and tourism organizations? And how can they help out? This essay discusses the hospitality planning process. Introduction A strategy is an action plan that a given organization comes up with to achieve its business goals. This is based so on how different engagements will be linked together to achieve success (Berry, 1995, p. 7). A good strategy helps the organization in achieving unrivalled growth that enhances sales, profitability and market leadership in the long run. Strategic management is supposed to assist in decision making that will enhance the achievement of long term objectives (Heskett, 1986, p.12). In other words, strategic management is the only way that an organizations goals, missions and visions are specified mostly in programs and projects so that the set objectives are fully achieved. In the course of embarking on strategic management, resources are supposed to be well allocated to help in achieving the set programs and projects. After programs and projects have been set, there should be a scoreboard that will be used in evaluating if the anticipated targets have been achieved (Kotter, 1982, p.9). Strategic management more so provides the overall direction that an organization should take in a bid to ensure that there is unrivaled success. Those in the management level are supposed to come up with good tactics that will enhance the achievement of the set goals. This is necessary because a proper framework on how this will be achieved will ultimately be enhanced (Gladwell, 2000, p. 6). It will only be consistent when those actions go in line with what the management expects to get as a result of this process. For a strategic management to be effective and achieve what it was set to, it must follow a process that will enhance this. This is because it is an ongoing process that will have a long term effect on the business and industry as a whole. Steps Develop strategy, vision and mission This is the first step in a strategic management process as there is need to develop a strategy, vision and mission that will give direction on how the whole process will be undertaken. This will ultimately guide and give a roadmap that makes its execution easy (Christensen, 1997, p. 13). The strategy should be in line with the short term and long term objectives. The mission will explain the role that the industry is likely to play in the market. With this in mind it will be easy to achieve the set objectives. Analyze the internal and external environment It is important to do an analysis of the environment under which the strategy will be carried out (Hamel, 2002, p. 5). The environment plays an imp