ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The introduction of credit cards in America in 1990 has brought both positive and negative effects to American society at large. Credit cards have made it possible for cardholders to make huge purchases, cater for emergencies such as medical bills as a result of accidents thereby making the cardholders able to fit into the middle-class American life. However, credit cards although they are convenient they have been associated with an increased number of bankruptcies in America since their introduction. The following are some of the effects experienced in America as a result of the use of credit cards. Guarantee of payments Through the introduction of credit cards, the merchants in America were guaranteed payments unlike earlier where the buyers were limited to taking out loans and buying on credits only in places where they were known. With the credit card, it is possible for total strangers to transact since a merchant only has to trust the card insurer thus eliminating the need to consider the trustworthiness of the buyer. Since the credit card acted as a guarantor against the risk the businesses in America proliferated for instance rental car companies could let people they know nothing about drive off with their cars, for catalog and internet companies to ship goods to people they’ve never met and have no reason to trust thus credit cards are considered as an essential tool that leads to the emergency of the global market. Bankruptcy According to the research by the center for responsible lending (2005) “credit card debt in America tripled since 1989 and there was a 31%increase in 2000 as a result there was over 1.8 million bankruptcies in 2004 owing to the introduction of credit cards”. Initially, an individual had to think about the amount of cash in the wallet as well as our income before purchasing any goods just to make sure you have enough to spend. However credit cards have separated the moment of purchase from the moment of payment thus it is easy to spend thoughtlessly, where a lot of people threw money away on unnecessary purchases hence we can say credit card has rendered many Americans bankruptcy. According to Telvick (2004) “millions of Americans have used credit cards to drive themselves to the brink, or more and more into bankruptcy since the insurers of the Credit card are out to tempt consumers into carrying huge debt than their income
Introduction The Greek poem The Iliad written by Homer is one of the most outstanding poems of ancient literature and may be considered a background for many other works of later eras. Since the narration of this epic is closely connected with the gods, the topic of religion and beliefs is often touched upon and is one of the key ones. Homer offers a variety of shades of religious consciousness, and many of the plot elements used by the author indicate a social interpretation of the divine cult and the introduction of human beliefs into the narrative. Examples of Religious References Despite the fact that the considered Homeric poem is filled with prayers in honor of the gods, the poet’s civilized experience is felt throughout the whole story. For instance, the author proposes the thesis that the gods are always merciful, although they are superior to mere mortals and can express their virtue constantly (Homer 168). In The Iliad , Homer writes as follows: “Even gods will bend, they who have more honor and might than you” (168). In this phrase, the author notes the favor of the gods as one of the qualities that makes them superior to ordinary people. Another example that the Homer mentions in the context of divine qualities is “the mortal virtue of shame,” which allows higher beings to not only choose and coordinate people’s fates but also make fair decisions (450). Based on the unquestioned authority of the gods of Olympus, one can argue that human beliefs were a natural phenomenon, and worship was part of ancient Greeks’ life. As a result, this storyline is traced throughout the narrative openly and clearly. Role of Religion and Beliefs Associating the gods with grace and favor was an indispensable element of worship during Homer. When analyzing The Iliad , one can assume that although the images of those who lived “on deep-furrowed Olympus topmost peak” were invented by people, a clear structure was traced in that epic (Homer 137). As Sani and Sadreddini argue, the hierarchy of gods proposed by Homer was utilized by subsequent authors, and the significance of beliefs was largely determined by the influence of literature (4). Since people needed to explain the origin of many phenomena and laws of nature that they did not understand, arguments from a religious standpoint became widespread. Therefore, in the poem in question, the importance of beliefs is undeniable in view of the divine plots as one of the main elements of the narrative. The events of The Iliad convince readers of the gods’ rightness and prove that ignoring messages from Olympus is fraught with dangerous consequences. For instance, Homer cites a situation when Zeus checks the spirit of the Trojans and forbids them to go through the moat (146). The Greeks who took such signs seriously were confident that t
Background of St. Gregory the Great Catholic School St. Gregory the Great Catholic School was founded in 1955 as a Catholic mission school to serve the locals. The institution is wholly owned and managed by Sisters of Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Congregation. It handles students from Pre-K3 to 8 th grade (Bauch 44). The institution also tries to take care of the spiritual needs of its students and the local community. Since its foundation, the institution has been relying on the donations from the well-wishers to supplement the little income it gets from the school fees (Graca and O’Keefe). The institution has a number of students who are under full scholarship because of their needy backgrounds. As such, it forces the institution to look for alternative sources of income to support its activities (Gregory 38). This may be brought to an end if alternative sources of funds can be found. The management will need a strategy that can help it get additional income from its current activities other than having to rely on donations (Murphy 65). As a consultant to this institution, the researcher has come up with a possible way of addressing this problem by allowing the curren
Executive Summary The report presents and discusses the information on the transportation needs of employees in Armada and the way to reduce traffic congestion. The Problem of Traffic Congestion The impact of traffic congestion is glowing, and it is responsible for the decreasing quality of life. The impact of Armada’s employees on traffic should be reduced as many of them use personal transport daily. Employees’ Needs While carpooling is unpopular, the majority of respondents prefer personal or public transport. The specific needs related to the latter include reduced commute times, increased safety, and affordability. Strategies The preferred strategy is based on telework opportunities and affordable transportation. To implement the strategy, the company is required to establish a corporate transportation system and create telework schedules. Introduction Our company is ranked among the largest private employers in the area, and this fact has a significant impact on our social image. Due to the necessity to identify our employees’ transportation attitudes to generate possible solutions, it was decided to conduct a survey. Therefore, the given report is aimed at fulfilling two important tasks. To begin with, the report presents the results of the survey to demonstrate the trends related to our employees’ transportation habits. Apart from that, the report analyzes possible solutions, paying special attention to the survey results. The Problem of Traffic Congestion The problem of traffic congestion in large and medium cities is often listed among the key issues that decrease the quality of life of the urban population in many countries. Traffic congestion is responsible for numerous negative outcomes for people from different social groups. The key outcomes are presented by long trip times and traffic jams. The corporate management team of our company should pay focused attention to the problem under consideration as the problem can also reduce the effectiveness of our employees’ work. Speaking on the present state of the problem, modern researchers indicate that its importance has significantly increased even for medium-sized cities (Stefanello et al. 119). Our company has more than forty-three thousand employees. Trying to find the best possible decision to be implemented to reduce their impact on the traffic, we had to take into account their preferences and needs. Importantly, our employees are different in terms of wage levels, and it impacts their choices related to transportation. Employees’ Needs The survey that has been conducted includes five questions devoted to different aspects of the problem. In particular, the survey touches upon the frequency of use of the following transportation options: carpooling or lift-sharing and public transport. Besides, the
When people speak about democracy their opinions differ greatly from opinions of their opponents. If politicians hold one truth about the essence of democracy, owner of huge enterprises have a different one, and average citizens have an absolutely different idea about the concept and real implementation of democracy. As a result, the logical question arises: “Does democracy have so many shades of meaning?” By the way, the question is a rhetoric one: there are no answers to it. From the first impression the film of Michael Moore, The Big One, depicts an absolutely different aspect of social problems, unemployment and downsizing by huge companies. Still, let us think a bit: downsizing is another result, a negative aftereffect of misinterpreting or neglecting of main principles of democratic: all people are equal. So, what d we see? Rich people are more equal than pure ones. What can we think about the contemporary situation in the field of economics, politics, culture etc, if we watch TVs from morning till next morning? If somebody tells us from the screen of a TV set that everything is OK, and there is no aspects to worry about, would we reflect upon the destiny of those people who are under the threat of downsizing just because this or that company which earns several billions of dollars wants to save several thousands of dollars? It is obvious that the percentage of income and saved salary of those people who would be dismissed is incomparable. Michael Moore has a book tour: he visited about fifty towns where people who worked for this or that big company for ten, fifteen, or twenty years suffer from the reality, they are downsized, and there are no obvious reasons for this act. The reason of promoting a company with the help of the lives of people who are left to the mercy of fate is an ugly joke of companies’ owners. Just imagine: you earn five billiard dollars per year. Would $100,000 change your life greatly? There is great doubt about it. Michael Moore asks owners the question of what the income of a company should be to change the lives of average citizens better. People have no money to pay for rent. There is even no opportunity to save some money for a car or a flat. There is just money to survive. While the movers and shakers want to save another thousand dollars. The case with the owner of Nikes, Phil Knight, is another proof that owners
All organizations are like machines; they consist of different working parts which are all essential in achieving organizational objectives. Different working parts perform different functions but they all need to perform to the best of their ability to attain good organizational results. This can be done by continuous inspections to improve their productivity. This is basically what communication climate inventory by Costigan and Schmeidler does to an organization. In a school communication climate assessment is very essential, a school is a place where young minds are taught new skills that we all expect to be useful the rest of their lives. A school is a small, safe and perhaps confined place which makes up a specific climate, it is therefore essential to have clear instructional programs, strong leadership, time management and clearly defines roles. This can be monitored and enhanced using communication (Shockley-Zalabak and Pamela, 2008, P, 303). Communication inventory assists in assessing the physical environment of both students and staff members, as an example it makes it possible to understand the most efficient methods of learning. For instance, by questioning the students about their attitude on their learning, one can be able to understand what the problem is and why they like or not like a certain study. Further, the communication inventory can effectively assist in assessing the best method of instructing students; by asking students if they agree or disagree a certain teaching method will make them will to participate in the learning activities rather than ensuring they follow strictly the laid down procedures. However, communication climate inventory in a school does not only apply to evaluating students but also assists in improving the teaching methods or instruction methods. By giving students the questionnaires to fill teachers are also enlightening on the areas that need improvement. For instance, in the twelve question of the communication inventory, students are asked to give a response on how well their supervisor listens to their problem, or in the in the 28 th question where students are asked if they feel free to talk to their supervis
Government intervention in the economy involves using fiscal and monetary policies to regulate various forces shaping businesses. Different regimes get involved in the marketplace for numerous reasons, such as to combat market discrepancies through subsidies and taxations. Moreover, administrative bodies may also intervene in the corporate world to foster general economic equality while also maximizing social welfare (Seth 19). This paper analyzes the economic impacts of the increasing minimum wage by offering arguments for and against it in the labor market. Raising the minimum wage in a specific country comes with several benefits. For example, in the business world, employees’ productivity will be significantly improved. Economists have noted that worker morale and work ethic improve when staff are given adequate compensation packages (Seth 19). In essence, researchers have linked increased wages to enhanced physical and psychological health. Another reason why the government should increase the minimum wage is that it boosts the economy. In particular, it raises consumer spending, which ultimately translates to improved Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Moreover, it has a profound effect on the industrial sector, such as boosting the hospitality and retail segments. Lastly, increasing the minimum wage comes with bipartisan support (Seth 25). Both Republican and Democrat States in the US have passed minimum wage increases. Moreover, president
Information security is one of the most crucial issues any enterprise running internet banking system should consider. The role of corporate security manager (CRM) is to ensure that the essential practices are applied to secure the company-sensitive information and data. In addition, it is the objective of the CSM to address the training needs of the company’s employees regarding the security measures. Potential Threats The possible menaces are linked with computers and telecommunications utilized in the company and other digital devices that carry important data of the company, clients, and so on. Such means as private unit exchanges or cellular phones should also be considered in terms of security (Fennelly, 2012). In that matter, the company might lose its valuable assets if the information system, which transfers, stores, operates, and presents the corporate information has not been secured properly. Types of Information It is essential that the CSM is aware of the major information types of the firm that require deliberate protection. There are three main categories to consider:   * company’s internal use only data   * company’s private data   * company-sensitive data The first category includes such essential sources as regulatory documentation and corporate organizational charts. Telephone books can be added to this type of information as well. The second category covers personnel-sensitive information. For instance, medical records of employees, event calendar or remuneration information. The third type involves cost data, important hi-tech or IT developments and so on (Fennelly, 2012). Apart from that, it is necessary that such corporate documentation as researches and proposals or product details are protected from leakage or unsanctioned access. Overall, any information of financial, technical, and scientific character should be taken into consideration. Moreover, any materials (printed, photocopies, electronic) require security measures to take. Value of Information Notably, the CSM should define several criteria to understand whether a particular type of information has value. Initially, the manager has to evaluate how costly is the information and what amount of money will be needed to produce it. Then, it will be possible to determine the expenses if it has to be replaced. After that, it can be defined if this information is irreplaceable and whether the competitors benefit from obtaining this information or not. However, in cases when the law requires the protection, it is essential that the company complies with it (Fennelly, 2012). In the current case, a brand new program has been introduced to store the data safely. If the information costs 2000 USD (presumably) including all the expenditures for personnel, records, and software while the use of it costs 100 USD, and the benefit for the company will be 4000 USD, the value can be calculated as follows: Cost over three years = $2,000/3=$667 Cost of yearly utilization = $100×12=$1200 Yearly cost = $1867 Information Value = $4000 per year (quantifiable) Total value: $4000+nonquantifiable agents Thus, 1867 USD (yearly cost) is less than $4000+nonquantifia
As a matter of fact, due to clearance issues, the ground level of the company’s newly built parking deck is currently unusable. On the basis of information that it can receive substantial tax breaks for the investment in an art collection, the decision to turn the parking deck’s unusable first level into an art museum is made. In general, there are multiple organizations, including corporations and banks, that are highly interested in art (Tarmy, 2020). Companies all over the world decorate their offices with artworks or create particular facilities for their possession (Gerlis, 2020). Thus, from a personal perspective, the company’s investment in the creation of a community visual art museum will be the most optional. First of all, it is necessary to define what type of artwork will be selected for exhibition. Thus, visual and graphic arts will be displayed due to the works’ comfortable transportation and considerable public interest in them. In general, visual art is a broad meaning of all art forms that create works primarily visual in nature (“What is visual art?”, n.d.). Visual arts evoke viewers’ emotions and traditionally include architecture, drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, design, sculpture, ceramics, crafts, video, and film-making. Graphic arts relate to two-dimensional visual works focused on tone and line instead of color. Thus, in the museum, only drawings, paintings, printmaking, and photographs will be displayed. A community visual art museum will be the place where talented community members will be able to exhibit their works while people will receive an opportunity to see them. This type of art collection may be regarded as a good investment for the company due to several reasons. First of all, talented community members will be able to display their best works of art through a corporate museum instead of keeping them from the public and make themselves familiar as creators (D’Ambrosi & Gobbi, 2017). In turn, people will have an opportunity to see outstanding artworks, developing their sense of beauty, and praise the talent of their neighbors without going far from their homes. In addition, students from art colleges may come to get acquainted with artists’ techniques, the use of materials, and the realization of new ideas and concepts. For the company, the creation of this museum is beneficial for the establishment of its brand awareness. In other words, the popularity of the art collection will lead to the fact that the majority of community members will know about the company and use its services in the future. Moreover, the creation of a non-profit art museum that focuses on local artists and aims to embrace their talent will create a good reputation for the organization. In other words, the creation of this museum will reflect the vision of the company – “people are our top priority.” Moreover, it is unknown whether the talent of any artist will be highly valued in the future from a cultural perspective – if so, the company will poss
Introduction Pharmacology denotes the scientific study of drugs and their interactions with the body with respect to their preparation, properties, use, and impact. The two main segments of pharmacology are pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). The comprehension of the exposure-reaction relationship (PK and PD) is essential for the development and endorsement of any drug (Wind, Schnell, Ebner, Freiwald, & Stopfer, 2017). PK and PD information contribute most of the details on a drug package. PD represents the interaction between the concentration of a drug and the desired response or undesirable adverse effects that follow. Premeditated planning and evaluation of the entire operation of a drug in terms of its PK and PD can hasten the development progression. Differences PK denotes the movement of drugs throughout the body while PD concerns the body’s biological reaction to such medicines. PK delineates the exposure of a drug by depicting its absorption, spread, bioavailability, breakdown, and excretion over time. However, PD entails the body’s response to the drug with respect to molecular and biochemical interactions. For example, medical PK is the application of principles to the safe and efficacious clinical management in a patient. Primary objectives of clinical PK encompass the improvement of efficacy and reduction of the toxicity of the drug therapy of a patient. Development of powerful correlations involving medication concentrations and their pharmacologic reactions has empowered drug manufacturers to employ PK principles to real patient conditions. The effect of a drug is associated with its concentration at the intended site, which makes it helpful to monitor the concentration (Wind et al., 2017). Since receptor sites of medicines are inaccessible to easy observation or are broadly distributed within the body, direct quantification is impractical. A good example of PK is the receptor positions for digoxin which are found in the myocardium. Although it is not possible to directly measure drug concentration in the tissue, this may be done in either blood, plasma, saliva, or urine hence signifying the movement of drugs in the body. The connection involving the dosage administered and the ensuing concentration at the position of action results in pharmacodynamic response. This signifies that medicines apply clinical effects by either imitating or obstructing normal biochemical courses. The effectiveness of a drug is associated with a positive receptor, protein target, or ion channel relationship. An example of PD is in morphine binding receptors on neurons to reduce pain (Juul et al., 2016). Another example of PD entails serotonin reuptake inhibitors attaching on nervous system receptors or gastrointestinal tract and making them helpful for a range of diagnoses. Inconsistency may arise in receptors with which me