Introduction Jewish revolt during the rule of the Caesars is a very important topic for different groups of people. It is important first to the Jews for they are in the center of discussion. After all this study is about their history starting from the first century CE going to the Jewish Diaspora of later centuries. On the other hand this subject matter is also important to the Christians especially those who made the argument that they received a better covenant and that the old covenant that Jews desperately tried to honor had been superseded with the new one. This topic is also important for historians focusing on ancient Rome and also for those who find it important to study Western Civilization. It will be pointed out later that the outcome of the Jewish resistance was a major factor in the evolution of the Roman Empire and consequently the Western World. In order to narrow the focus of this study, the question that should be answered is whether the Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire was religious or politically motivated? This query can be answered by looking into the two major revolts, the first one culminating in the fall of Masada and the second one, made distinct by a charismatic leader named Simon Bar Kokhba. Background It would be impossible to understand the Jewish revolt against their Roman overlords without first understanding the history of the Jewish people as well as the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, first in Italy, then in the Mediterranean and finally in Palestine and the rest of the known world at that time. Starting with the Jewish people, the bulk of the information can be seen in sacred writings cherished by both Jews and Christians alike – the Old Testament portion of the Christian Bible. Through the said sacred writings, Jews, Christians, and those who are interested in the study of ancient religions became acquainted with the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob – who later became Israel, the father of the twelve tribes that will comprise a nation of the same name. This nation grew in number and became strong while they were still slaves in Egypt. According to the Bible the descendants of Abraham were given the command by their LORD that they ought to leave Egypt and establish a nation guided by the idea of monotheism, abhorrence of graven images and a strict code which Jews will be known for in ages to come. 1 There is a need to emphasize an important characteristic of the Jews. They can be both religiously and fanatical depending on the person’s point of view. But irregardless of what people say it can be said that Jews try their very best to follow the will of their LORD as well as the various commandments that their God has given them. In this regard it is important to mention Moses, the one who liberated them from the Egyptians and brought them to where they are now, in the same location where they re-established themselves after centuries of Jewish Diaspora. After World War II the Jews were brought back to their homeland and no matter what will happen to international politics they will do their best to defend Israel and they will not hesitate to offer their lives for their religious and political freedom. This is significant b