ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Advertising plays a significant role in modern society and it is steadily increasing in the business world having a massive influence everywhere. Just as social communication media has a great influence almost all over so does advertising since it uses the media as a very persuasive vehicle having a powerful force in shaping the behaviors and the attitudes of the consumers. Advertising can have both negative and positive contributions that could affect the moral and ethical perspectives of the people. Advertising has a great impact on the consumers as it influences their perceptions about life themselves and the world at large. (David, 1987). It also influences their values and their choices as well as their behaviors. Ethics on the other hand plays a very significant role in advertising since it focuses on the cultures of the advertising agencies in addition to the personal and the professional identities of those individuals working within them. Ethics plays a very important role in advertising by maintaining human dignity, creating truthfulness in advertising, and also creates a social responsibility. (Fred, 1990). Truthfulness in advertising Some of the advertisements done are deliberately or simply untrue. The problem of truth in advertising is more subtle and it is not that what is said in advertising is blatantly false but the fact that the truth can be distorted by making an implication of things that do not hold relevant facts. Ethics in advertising ensures that any advertisements done are communicated with honesty and truthfulness especially where some symbolic and rhetorical exaggeration is used. Ethics also ensure that the people are not deceived through implication or reality since they have the right to proper information which demands that the content of that which is communicated be true and within the set, limits laid down. Also when ethics is applied in advertising it helps in avoiding situations that manipulate the truth for any reason in any way. (Ronald, 1991). Dignity of human beings There is a requirement that advertising should hold a lot of respect for human beings. Ethics in advertising ensures that people are given their rightful duty in making responsible choices and their interior freedom is not violated and their capacity in reflecting and deciding is not compromised at all. The advertising violation of the dignity of human beings is not a mere hypothetical possibility but is a reality that is having a frequent recurrence. (Ronald, 1991). On the other hand, ethics also ensures that the dignity of human beings is not violated through the advertising content according to how it is advertised and what is contained in the advertisement, and the impact it seeks to make on its audience. Such advertisements with content appealing to vanity, greed, lust, and envy are controlled when ethics is applied since such techniques seek to exploit and manipulate huma
Definition of Marketing Marketing could be defined as the art of connecting the consumer market with products and services for the purposes of satisfying their needs as well as company’s profitability. Introduction The product is “Finish dishwater tablets 25 Pack” which is a laundry detergent manufactured for consumer use. The product has the capabilities of treating water for cleaning utensils and other household materials. The detergent contains unique properties which enable removal of stains hence easily used as an abrasive substance. Its properties has got the capability of softening water by breaking down the organic compounds hence offering stability to foaming properties and also improve the aesthetic properties of various surfaces. Market Analysis Situation Analysis The Company’s success within various market segments is dependent on their broad assessment concerning the needs and preferences of the targeted consumers. Segmentation has the ability of presenting the company with great opportunity of identifying specific consumer needs hence appropriate measure taken (Andruss, 2010). Geographic segmentation would be based on typical attributes of the targeted market. The regional segment would be assessed based on consumer tastes on the detergent within a particular region. This would also include prevailing climatic conditions and the effects it has on the product. Targeting metropolitan areas would require the company to classify consumers based on their value beliefs as per their various backgrounds. Demographic segmentation would be based on social class; household as well as ethnic background (Keegan & Green, 2002). Such method enables easy differentiation of consumers’ hence purchasing power of consumers and their needs directly established (Andruss, 2010). Target Market “Finish dishwater tablet” falls under home care products and is an effective and economical dish washing product. The target market consists of household consumers desiring to have detergent products of stronger quality, capable of removing stubborn stains as well as killing germs. The product will be supplied to wholesalers and retailers within every market segment. Product Analysis Description Finish dishwasher tablet could be classified in the category of convenience goods. One of the considerations made within such category of products is their portability nature. This calls for downsizing of the materials used in packaging and improving on the quality of the detergent. Besides reducing the packaging material for the purposes of reducing the product to smaller affordable quantities considerations should also be made on the percentage of concentration. Marketing Strategies Product features The product differs from other brands in terms of packaging, cost, availabili
While the major part of the earth is covered with water in the form of oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes, such water is raw and not fit for human consumption. It has to be purified by removing chemicals and other impurities that contaminate it. In nearly all parts of the world, raw water from lakes and rivers is purified by Water Purification Plants. In a few global areas where there are no rivers, ocean and sea water is purified by Desalination Plants. River/Lake Water Purification Process Distillation This technology involves heating water to boiling point. The water vapor which is given out is directed to a condenser where cooling water acts on it to bring down the temperature and cause it to condense, whereupon it is gathered and stored. A majority of the contaminants stay behind. Distillation is beneficial as it is reusable and separates a large variety of contaminants from pure water. Its drawbacks include heavy consumption of electricity, need of painstaking maintenance to guarantee water purity and the possibility of a few contaminants being transferred into the water (H2ro.com). Ion Exchange This technology involves passing water through bead-shaped resin materials during which ions in the water are substituted for other ions attached to the beads. The two ion exchange technologies frequently employed are softening and deionization. The former is utilized largely as a pre-treatment technique to decrease water hardness wherein 2 sodium ions are substituted for each magnesium or calcium ion taken from the water. The latter involves the use of cation and anion exchangers; in the cation exchanger, beads made of styrene and divinylbenzene with sulfonic acid content substitute hydrogen ions for any cations found in the raw water, while in the anion exchanger, beads made of styrene with quaternary ammonium content substitute hydroxyl ions for any anions found in raw water. The hydrogen and hydroxyl from both exchangers then join to yield pure water. The benefits of ion exchange deionization include effective separation of soluble inorganic contaminants, ability to revitalize and low capital investment. Its drawbacks include inability to properly separate contaminants such as bacteria and pyrogens, heavy long-term operating costs and possibility of cation and anion exchange beds producing culture bacteria and tiny pieces of resin (H2ro.com). Carbon Adsorption During the ion exchange technology process which separates cations and anions from raw water, a third type, called nonionic contaminant, covers the surface of the bead-shaped
With the development of imperialism and the advancement of democracy, people started to identify themselves with nationality, religion, and culture. Nowadays, the Chinese ethnicities are diverse. Even though the ethnic groups are admitted to belong to the Chinese state, there are different approaches in regarding the cultural minority issue in the Western and the Eastern cultures that have distinct historical backgrounds. These approaches and the differences between them are described in the readings “Coming to terms with the nation” and “The politics of imagining Asia”. The Chinese national identification has a long history. Nowadays China is regarded as a “home to fifty-six distinct peoples,” but in Qing Empire there were hundreds of ethnicities registered, and in the 12 th century there was only one ethnic group (Anderson and Mullaney 5). The changes can be explained by the cultural volatility that is dependent on geography, migration, and cultural interactions. Census was necessary for the political regulations and the consideration of the minor ethnic groups in the concept of citizenry and voting. The region of the Yunnan province is the one that is the most culturally and linguistically diverse. Historically, the ethnicities that inhabited the region were regarded as minorities. But nowadays China “faces its most visible troubles precisely in the big minority areas – Tibet and Xinjiang” that claim for independence (Anderson and Mullaney 20). These troubles indicate that the national identification has a complex nature, and it rather is formed by the political regime and policies. Wang and Huters write about the European approach towards regarding Tibet as a part of China. Throughout the history, Tibet was described by many European scholars as “a religious kingdom that must be regarded as unique” (Huters and Wang 140). Tibetan culture and religion was often compared to the western. The idea of “an ancient and mystical li
Introduction “Killings” was written in 1979, by Andre Dubus. Dubus explores the emotions of the parents of a young man, Frank Fowler, who has been murdered. Even though the story has been written in a very disconnected manner, the reader strongly feels the emotions of all the characters in the story. The story begins with the funeral of Frank Fowler, where the family of the young man is introduced. Even though the parents of Frank, Matt and Ruth Fowler, don’t say a word during the funeral, their pain is obvious by their body language and the way Matt views the whole situation. The only person who is vocal about his feelings is Steve, Frank’s older brother, who says “I should kill him” (Dubus 3). The emotions that are expressed by Steve in the beginning of the novel are not any different from the emotions of the parents. In fact, any person whose young son has been killed would want the killer to meet the same fate. Even it is quite common for such thoughts to cross the minds of a person, not many people would think of actually killing the murderer. Frank was killed by Richard Strout, the soon to be ex-husband of Mary Ann Strout. Even though Richard and Mary Ann were in the process of getting a divorce, he couldn’t stand watching Mary Ann go out with another man i.e. Frank. Vengeance motivated Richard to kill Frank. Little did he know that he was about to meet the same fate in the near future. Actions of Matt Even though Richard is guilty of Frank’s murder he is freely walk the streets which severs the pain of Matt and Ruth Fowler. Matt in particular feels responsible for the murder of his young son since a father is supposed to protect his children from any harm. The death of Frank makes him feel as if he has failed to protect his son from the evil and partly feels responsible for his death. However, Matt remains disconnected from the whole situation through out the novel. He loves his wife Ruth a lot and hates to see her in pain. Richard’s bail makes it even harder for them to live, especially for Ruth since she sees him quite often on the streets. Mary Ann does not hesitate to tell Matt in their bed room that she wants Richard to die. This behaviour of Mary Ann has a significant impact on the action of Matt. Soon Matt begins to weigh his options. His friend Willis also plays in important role in shaping the thoughts of Matt. He is the one who tells Matt how easy it is in their town to get away with a murder. This encourages Matt to seriously think about killing Richard for his evil act. Matt and Ruth want justice for the murder of their son and are willing to do anything for it. Matt finally decides to kill Richard and carefully makes a plan with his friend Willis to carry out the act. Matt does
Introduction Projects play a pivotal role in ensuring that organizations succeed and survive through different competitive forces. Project management entails careful planning and organization of resources in order to avoid delays and financial overruns (Hyvari 34). Despite the efficiency of the project management team, there are external factors that may hinder the successful completion of any given project. Over the last seven weeks, I have been working on a project that seeks to test the level of tolerance to extreme heat and coldness for two sets of switches. The tests require us to expose one set of switches to extreme heat and the other to extreme coldness for 14hrs daily. However, over the past four weeks, there have been two incidences of abrupt power outages. Statement of the Problem These power interruptions mean that for two days, the switches were subjected to substandard testing. The project completion date is set at the end of the fifteenth week. Delays past this due date will attract a penalty of $1,000 on a daily basis past the set completion date. Considering that the project is already two days behind schedule, there is need to come up with an alternative power supply so as to avoid further penalties and substandard testing. This proposal will set out to explore the available alternatives, their applicability to the project and the cost benefit analysis of the preferred choice. Alternative Power Supply Currently, sources of alternative power supplies range from solar, hydro, generator and wind energy. All these sources could provide adequate power needed to complete the project. However, the cost and infrastructure needed to implement such power sources differ significantly. For example, solar panels may be used to power the oven and freezer. However, the panels needed to generate the expected power output are many and require a large area which is not readily available at the moment. The wind and hydro turbines may also suffice in dealing with the issue. Similarly, these sources require significant resources to implement. Despite the fact that the three aforementioned alternative power sources will be cost effective in the long-run, they require a considerable amount of time to install and monitor. Proposed Alternative Power Source: A Cost-Benefit Analysis After doing in-depth research, automated diesel generators are the best alternative to use during the remaining period of the project. A comparative analysis was conducted to determine the cost (rental and retail), serviceability and power output. The comparison was conducted between generators from Caterpillar (CAT) and Centurion (Generac Power Systems) manufacturing companies. While caterpillar boasts for being among the best producers of automated generators, there prices were quite steep in regard to rentals and full purchases. As a result, it wa
I have read the foundational story that individuals from your tribe ascribe their existence to and I would like to show you that the story might be just a myth especially since I can illustrate that it is based on any solid grounds. First, though, I would like to briefly summarize the myth as is known to members of your culture. The story starts by explaining that in the beginning there was God, whom your people call Ngai . The myth then goes ahead to spell that Ngai picked out a man, Gikuyu, and allocated him some land and other resources available on earth including animals and fruits. After this allocation, Ngai relocated to the top of Mt Kirinyaga -now known as Mt Kenya(Kenyatta, 1978). As the story goes, one day Ngai decided to take Gikuyu to his residence at the top of Mt Kirinyaga. He (Ngai) led him to the highest point of the mountain and pointed him to a certain point on the land where there were lots of fig trees referred to as Mugumo in your native language. Ngai instructed Gikuyu to go and build a house in that specific region choosing to name the place Mukurwe wa Gathanga , meaning God’s chosen land. Ngai realized that Gikuyu would from time to time require to communicate with Him. He told him that should he need anything all he had to do was slaughter a goat and roast it in an open fire. Gikuyu then descended the mountain and headed straight to the spot where he was met with a beautiful woman whom he promptly married and named her Mumbi (meaning: creator). The two then started a family and together they had nine daughters. It should be noted here that according to the story, no sons were born into the family. Gikuyu then proceeded to communicate with Ngai via the method they had agreed on earlier and when Ngai summoned him, he went to the mountain to complain that he had many daughters but no men to marry them. Ngai in His mystical way told him to go and slaughter a lamb and a young goat and then take the blood and fat collected from these two animals and pour it at the foot of a giant Mugumo tree which grew near the homestead. A fire was then made under the tree and all the slaughtered meat would be burnt as a sacrifice to Ngai. Once the sacrifice was over, Ngai was to take his daughters and wife home and then come back to the tree where he was to find nine handsome men who were willing to marry his daughters (Killam, 1984). I believe this is the entire story of how the Agikuyu community came to be. I know members from your tribe have a very strong inclination towards believing the story as it is and because of the strong repercussions that doubters face, they cannot question its truthfulness. However, as an outsider, I believe the story has a lot of misgivings. The first issue I have regards the beginning of the story. Just like the Christian creation story, yours also start with the existence of a supreme deity, in this case, Ngai. An
Introduction The central issue in this study was to determine the place of an evidence-based solution to the problem of stress reduction among nurses by introducing awareness practices in daily clinical practice. Research directly aimed either at producing results from experimental applications or a rigorous review of existing case data is of primary importance to the task at hand. Thus, works were searched for in three scientific and academic electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier Library, in two successive stages. In the first stage, the articles were searched using keywords such as “mindfulness meditation,” “EBP,” “nurses,” and “stress.” It should be noted that such a search was not always highly informative, since it offered articles not related to the current topic of the study. Consequently, in order to narrow down the scope of output, directional matching technologies were used several times, with keywords such as “RCT,” “methods,” “evidence-based.” The search at this stage resulted in the identification of 34 works that appeared to be suitable for discussion. The links to the works have been retained in the common document for future reference. The second stage of the selection of the works was conducted using three central inclusion criteria:  1. The article should be written in English.  2. The full text should be available.  3. It should have a level of evidence at least III. Among others, 11 articles were excluded from the general list because the scope of their investigation was directed at European and Asian countries, which raised doubts about the applicability of models in the United States. In addition, three of th
Both United States v. the Amistad and Dred Scott v. Sandford was significant cases related to slavery. In both cases, black people alleged to be legally enslaved protested these allegations and declared their freedom, and, in both cases, it was eventually up to the Supreme Court to decide their fate. In legal terms, the key difference between the two was that the Africans from Amistad were freeborn and enslaved in violation of the international agreements, while Dred Scott, despite his sojourn in Illinois, was born as a slave in Virginia. In the United States v. the Amistad , the matter in question was the fate of several dozen formerly enslaved Africans captured aboard the Spanish ship La Amistad in 1839. Africans have rebelled near the coast of Cuba, killing or chasing away most of the ship’s crew apart from Jose Ruiz and Pedro Montez, Spanish nationals who bought them in the first place (Kaifala, 2017). Ruiz and Montez guided the ship to American waters, where it was seized by Lieutenant Gedney of the US brig Washington (Kaifala, 2017). The legal status of the captured Africans became a matter of debate: Ruiz and Montez (wrongly) insisted they were slaves from Cuba, where bondage was legal, while the Africans themselves maintained they were illegally abducted in Africa in violation of international treaties. International treaties forbade the African slave trade but provided for the return of legal slaves as property (Kaifala, 2017). The US government, urged by President Van Buren, appealed on behalf of Spain and sought to restore slaves as property to Ruiz and Montez. Due to defense by Roger Baldwin and John Quincy Adams, the Supreme Court confirmed that the Amistad Africans were members of their African polity rather than Spanish subjects and, being born free, remained free. The satiation was different in Dred Scott v. Sandford – largely because the black person in question was born in the United States and, as such, did not have the saving grace of the international agreements protecting his freedom. Born in Virginia as a bondsman, Scott moved to the free territory of Wisconsin with his master John Emerson (Nicholas, n.d.). Scott claimed that prolonged residence in free territory made him free, while his masters argued to the contrary. After suing several times in lower courts for his freedom, Scott appealed to the US Supreme Court in the case against his ownership claimant Sanford, whose name was spelled incorrectly in the case files as with the letter “d” (Nicholas, n.d.). In 1857, the Court ruled that Scott, being born a slave, remained legal property despite his residence where slavery was prohibited. Ch