ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The transition from a woman’s reproductive to post-reproductive years is not only a natural part of life for most women (Tiran, 2001), but indicates a significant period bearing in mind that women now, more than ever, spend one-third of their lifetimes in a postmenopausal state (Munson, 2011). The present paper aims to discuss some underlying issues related to menopause, including symptoms, causes, complications, diagnosis, treatment, lifestyle changes and natural remedies to menopause. Menopause can be traced back to the perimenopause period, where women’s ovaries generation of hormones estrogen and progesterone becomes unpredictable. Due to the variable nature of the hormones, women in their late forties begin experiencing menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms are largely caused by the erratic nature of estrogen and progesterone as both hormones are critical in regulating body temperature and sustaining the vaginal lining (Tiran, 2001) Available literature demonstrates that menopause heralds a new era of health complications for women. Not only do systems and tissues that traditionally relied partly on estrogen for optimal functioning begin to malfunction, leading to potential urinary tract infections, but bone mineralization slows down and the risk of developing osteoporosis increases (Tiran, 2001). Mikkelsen et al (2007) note that “…early onset of menopause is a risk factor of osteoporosis and death from ischemic heart disease, although it seems to protect against breast cancer” (p. 2). Additionally, as demonstrated by Tiran (2001), researchers are on the verge of validating if menopausal effects are related to the probability of developing colon cancer and Alzheimer’s disease among women. Some home-based kits can be used to test the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and bone mineral density levels A woman is diagnosed as postmenopausal when she goes for 12 months without receiving her menstrual flow (Hickey et al., 2008), and when these tests demonstrate symptoms for perimenopause and menopause as described above (Sahin et al., 2011). Health-related literature demonstrates that women can successfully tackle the symptoms and health challenges related to menopause through estrogen supplementation in a procedure known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (Hickey et al., 2008). However, most women maintain that the therapy “…implies that postmenopausal women are deficient i
The word homosexual means: feeling or involving sexual attraction to people of one’s own sex. According to Wikipedia LGBT is an acronym referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender/Transsexual people and relates to the diversity of gay culture. However, it is far more common for people who identify with the term LGBT to refer to themselves as being part of the gay or queer community. There are also a vast number of sub-cultures that fall under this broad umbrella term, and depending on personal image and taste people will gravitate to whichever one they feel best describes them. More and more homosexual women are opting to identify with the term lesbian rather than gay or queer. This somewhat separatist attitude, which is prevalent in the gay community, in particular between men and women, raises an interesting dichotomy. Gay slang and terminology are both common and prolific within the LGBT community, and while not all gay people are inclined to use it the majority of them are at least familiar with it. Some of the more widely known words are: ‘butch’ – masculine person, can refer to male or female; ‘dyke’ – butch lesbian; ‘queen’ – effeminate gay man; ‘breeder’ – a derogatory term used to describe heterosexuals. There is also a genre of music referred to collectively as ‘gay anthems’, these are songs by popular seventies and eighties divas such as Cher, Gloria Gaynor, and Diana Ross. Abba is also a big favorite and much revered for songs like Dancing Queen Day and Mama Mia. Dancing or clubbing is a favorite way to socialize and meet people, especially amongst men. Lesbians also enjoy partying but seem inclined to stop as soon as they’ve found a mate, which is why there are more ‘men only’ bars and clubs. It’s more common to find ‘women only’ events rather than establishments that are geared solely towards the lesbian community. As such a bar or club that on other nights will be either straight or ‘men only’ will host a ‘women only’ night once a month as they are guaranteed a bigger turnout by doing this. ‘Coming out is a term used by the LGBT community when they voluntarily make their sexual orientation public knowledge. “Many young lesbian and gay people experience critical times when they have to decide who to tell about their sexuality. In making this disclosure they are often fearful of negative reactions, rejection, and causing upset and distress to the person they are telling. Sometimes a young person may try ‘coming out to a supportive teacher or a school friend as a precursor to talking to parents to rehearse their own part and to judge reactions. Receiving a negative reaction can be very distressing.” These days more and more celebrities are living openly gay lifestyles, and in doing so offer themselves as much-needed role models within a community that for many years had to keep its preferences behind closed doors. “When I came out in the early eighties homosexuality was still fairly much taboo, it certainly wasn’t okay back then to hold my partner’s hand in public the way it is now. Although dependi
Introduction In coming 2012 the Olympic Games is going to be held in London. The Olympic Games is an ancient game and the worlds most prosperous and popular sports events combined various sports in one event. Spectators from all over the world would come eagerly to enjoy the events and it would carry vast opportunity for different business and opens the door of making quick profit. Considering all these factors this report would discuss about a new business started to keep in mind these factors and to subject of the Olympic Games. The business is concentrating on the stationary and food items. People who likely to come to witness the events are expected to do some kind of shopping and also they will buy food for consuming while enjoy the events. The business is about to supply these food items along with he beverages and some stationary items. In London there are many food stores, restaurants and stationary shops. But in the time of Olympic Games the demand will be so high that there will increase the possibility that the good profit margin would be generated by doing this business. The food products may be Pizzas, Burger, Hot dogs, Pastries, sandwiches and many more. The beverages may be of soft drinks like Pepsi, Coca-cola, 7-up and others, beer, fruit juices and tea or coffee. Stationary items may be of sandals, umbrella or any other essential products. The proposed name for the proposed store is “Café Olympia’. This name has chosen to keep in mind the ancient history of the Olympic games and the critical customer association with the name “Olympia” as the first ever Olympic games was held on ancient Greek city “Olympia’. About Survey To forecast about the demand of the potential customer, a market survey has done. The survey technique was used because it is the most effective way to collect proper customer response. This survey has done with a questionnaire using as a survey tool. The respondents were selected randomly and their attitude towards the questions has been collected in the data base. The survey has done with many respondents and 20 of them were selected. They are selected from the street while passing away in a random basis. Survey technique gives some benefits in this case. Firstly, the respondent became aware of the arrival at new stores in the time of Olympic and will find the store “Café Olympia” while they will come to enjoy the events. Secondly, the survey will bring out the customer expectation along with what they think not perfect for the business. Thirdly, the survey will also help to find out the possible demographics of the potential customers. If there any demographic patterns like preferences of a particular food by an age range, the business can be designed according to that fact. Finally, the survey will help to assess the market, the purchasing power of potential customers and the habit of the customers regarding consume of the products “Café Olympia’ is going to offer. Preparing Questionnaire As the tool of survey, a well designed questionnaire has been used. The questionnaire contains some s
The September 13, 2013 concert at 7:30 p.m., by Esther Park at Mathes Hall at Eastern Tennessee State University included pieces by Felix Mendelssohn, Bela Bartók, Franz Liszt and Frederic Chopin . Although all the pieces were by 19 th century composers, the program was nonetheless filled with variety. There was serenity in the Liszt, drama and fireworks in the first and third movements of the Mendelsohn, programmatic humor and evocation in the Bartok, and moody contemplation with very familiar phrases in the Chopin. The pianist was highly competent and gave her all to the performance. The audience seemed very appreciative, although many attendees may not have realized how accomplished their soloist was. It was not clear whether the choice of pieces was meant to showcase some of the wide range of music created in the 19 th century, but it certainly did so. It may also have been meant to showcase to Ms. Park’s strengths. Perhaps the consistency of the program was Ms. Park’s personal choice because of her love of this era in classical solo piano music. Whatever the reason, it made for a very lovely effect overall. There was no jarring intrusion from another wildly different style or period. This created a pleasant atmosphere throughout the concert. The first piece was the Fantasie in F Sharp Minor, Opus 28 , also called the “Scottish”. This was by Felix Mendelsohn. The first movement involved an opening of descending arpeggios, and then a great deal of speed and drama. There was no melody that could be immediately discerned, but the music was not atonal, so it gave the impression of melody. The middle movement was very meditative and quiet. The third movement returned to explosions of fast and exciting chords and runs up and down the keyboard. The second piece was perhaps the most thrilling of all the concert, although it was fairly short. It was the Bela Bartok piece entitled Out of Doors . This was filled with the sounds of nature and of machines and people. At least, that was one interpretation of this wild music. It is interesting to wonder what the reaction of the audience must have been when they first heard this work back in the 1800s. It was definitely programmatic, meaning that it makes sounds like the title suggests that it should. In this piece, one could hear so many different possible noise
Trying to improve the process of candidates selection, employers develop innovative methods of conducting a job interview. One of the new approaches in evaluating potential employees is the polygraph, or lie detector, testing: it is expected to help an interviewer to detect if an interviewee is telling the truth or lying. Together with enthusiasm and endorsement, this method has also awakened a wave of criticism. To evaluate the reasonability of applying polygraph testing in a job interview, it is necessary to discuss it from three perspectives: legality, morality and effectiveness. Below, each of these three issues is discussed. The Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 states that “… it shall be unlawful for any employer… directly or indirectly, to require, request, suggest, or cause any employee or prospective employee to take or submit to any lie detector test” (Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988); a range of exceptions for some professions of the public and private sectors is very small: security, pharmaceutics and other. At the level of state laws, polygraph testing is also classified as illegal (Repa, 2010, p. 93). As for the moral issues, it should be marked that polygraph testing is a violation of an individual’s rights. It may seem that due to ban of polygraph testing questions that concern an interviewee’s religious, racial, sexual or political views by the abovementioned Act, the testing itself turns into a completely moral issue (The Employment Polygraph. Your Questions Answered); however, in practice, this turns out to be a false impression: in fact, it is impossible to monitor abuses committed by interviewers during the testing procedure. Particularly, testing begins with provocative questions aimed at measuring the level of a person’s emotional excitability. Therefore, an interviewer may plunge into asking questions that relate to the banned fields or simply those inappropriate. Finally, there is no need to explain how strongly an employer’s willingness to apply lie detector testing influences a candidate’s impression about the place he/she is going to work at: in fact, the truth is learned at the cost of the comfortable and confidential work environment. Finally, it is reasonable to analyze whether using a polygraph in hiring employees is significant. One should take into account that, despite the name “lie detector”, a polygraph does not identify if a person lies or not; it just measures the level of his/her emotional discomfort, tension and embarrassment after a question being asked. This means that in case a person is intensely confused with a question but tells the truth, he/she will be detected as a liar. On the other hand, emotionally resistant individuals may spoof an interviewer (U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1983, p.96). Finally, the personality of
In his article Viva Bilingualism, James Fallows analyzes such issue as bilingualism in the United States, in particular, the author argues that two or even more languages can successfully co-exist in America and it will not pose any threat to the dominance of English. In addition to that, he believes that there are some myths or stereotypes about bilingualism, which should definitely be broken. His overarching thesis is that multilingual community can effectively function and the members of such community will have no difficulties, while interacting and communicating with one another. Overall, it seems that his argument is well-grounded because recent research findings in linguistics have proved that under certain circumstances, a person can master two languages and he or she will be able to use them efficiently. Moreover, there are many regions, in which people speak several languages and there is no tension or animosity among them. Nonetheless, at some moments, Fallows tries to be very non-committal and prefers not to express his opinion about rather stressing problems. Apart from that, some statements, which the journalist makes, are not quite evidence-based. James Fallows says that many countries are promoting bilingualism and such policy does not have any detrimental effects on the society. The author draws such example as Japan, where many people are willing to learn English; however, it does not mean that Japanese has come out of use. Besides, the journalist mentions Scandinavian countries, like Sweden or Norway, where people may speak several languages, apart from their own, and it does not cause any problem or difficulty. These cases illustrate the authors point. The thing is that now many politicians in the United States believe that bilingualism will eventually result in separatism or
Media transformations have widened the gap between children and adults. Technology is detaching kids from the social contract since digital resources have become highly authoritative. Therefore, it is essential to look into how media, especially online activities, has modified childhood and parenting, considering that media panic is rising. Appropriately, children are malleable and hence innocent media consumers, making them vulnerable to technology influence. Children are naive and can adopt any lifestyle and personality. Since kids grow in particular settings, they undergo rapid cultural reforms to pick their societal recognition (Kline, 1993). Consequently, children are susceptible to environmental forces and can follow any direction depending on the pressure’s intensity. Surprisingly, adults manage the media and are interested in controlling children (Drotner, 1999). Notably, children are victims of adverse technology effects, which can subject them to social evils. Children’s pliability increases their vulnerability, causing panic among the interested stakeholders. Kids transform into adulthood through identity modification that puts them at risk of pollution (Cook, 2004). Subsequently, responsible individuals are concerned about how technology has altered childhood and parenting. For instance, there is a consensus that children are extensively prone to digital control, and 71% of American parents worry about technology addiction (Murphy, 2020). Accordingly, the minimally regulated technology-children interaction exposes kids to unhealthy media consumption. Children can consume anything they come across in their surroundings. However, there is no certainty that media products are entirely suitable for children’s intake. Sadly, technology experts are manipulative and can take advantage of children’s vulnerability to create negative influence, primarily through inappropriate digital advertising. Correspondingly, there is a need for enhanced censorship and parental control to ensure that media support kids’ positive cultural growth.
Nowadays, it became a commonplace tendency with many people in Western countries to become increasingly concerned about the possible consequences of their exposure to fast food. This state of affairs is perfectly explainable, because during the course of recent decades, the effects of a lengthened consumption of fast food on one’s health remained the subject of a number of heated public debates. In this paper, I will aim to substantiate the validity of an idea that people will indeed benefit from paying a closer attention to what they eat, while specifying what may be considered the main detrimental effects of one’s tendency to go about satisfying its hunger in fast food restaurants. As of today, it became obvious to nutritionists that there is a strong link between fast food and obesity. In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that the traditional fast food items, such as hamburgers and French fries, contain an excessive amount of saturated fats. According to Stender, Dyerberg and Astrup, “Fast food from major chains in most countries still contains unacceptably high levels of industrially produced trans-fatty acids (IP-TFA). IP-TFA have powerful biological effects and may contribute to increased weight gain and abdominal obesity” (887). Therefore, there nothing particularly odd about the fact that people who overindulge in eating this type of food are very likely to end up becoming overweight – because saturated fats can never be thoroughly digested by one’s liver, they end up being ‘stored’ in different parts of the concerned individual’s body. Consequently, these ‘stored’ fats cause him or her to grow out of shape. The fact that, as it was mentioned earlier, there is a dialectical link between fast food and obesity, explains why the visually observable concentration of overweight individuals appears being particularly high in fast food restaurants. What provides people with an irresistible incentive to eat at fast food restaurant is the fact that, despite being rather unhealthy, fast food tastes good. To make things worse, it now became a widespread marketing practice in fast food restaurants to offer customers a choice to ‘supersize’ their meals. This, of course, cannot result in anything else but in facilitating the ‘epidemic of obesity’, which appears to affect more and more Westerners, as time goes on. Another well-established effect of people’s overindulgence in eating fast food is the fact it substantially increases their susceptibility to heart attacks. The reason for this is quite apparent – fast food contains huge amounts of chole
Evidence-Based Correction: Definition and Significance Before going any further, it is necessary to introduce the phenomenon of evidence-based correction. Evidence-based correction is defined as a system in which “data, not mere opinions […] play the central role in guiding allegiance to any given correctional theory” (MacKenzie, 2012, p. 1). In a nutshell, the phenomenon of evidence-based correction can be nailed down as the legal system in which evidence plays the pivoting role in not only determining the amount of punishment, but also checking whether the criminal is paying his/her debt to the society. Opposed to the traditional system of penalties, the given system presupposes certain element of redemption at best and paying the debt to society at the very least: “the treatment of criminals by society is for the protection of society” (Wines, 1871, p. 541). The significance of evidence-based correction appears to be quite high. The idea that the effects of traditional strategies and everyday correction procedures can be enhanced and increased several times is truly astounding; however, with the help of evidence-based corrections, the given effect is attainable. Since social scientific techniques are utilized in the course of an evidence-based correction in order to study and improve correction procedures, considerable improvement of correctional methodology can be expected, which means that the quality and efficacy of the procedures will increase in geometrical progression. The fact that the available resources are utilized fully in the process is also important. Because of the fast pace of correctional procedures, in most cases, the potential of most of the resources remains unlocked. With the application of evidence-based corrections, however, one will be able to use the existing resources fully, wherein the significance of evidence-based correction lies. In addition, the given approach helps define further avenues of addressing the problem in question. Justice Model for Correction: The Time Personal Change Has Come A justice model for correction is a specific method that is aimed at turning the criminal into a regular member of society. Though often being referred to as a wholesome concept, a justice model is represented by its numerous modifications. First, there is the rehabilitation model, which presupposes that each criminal is supposed to undergo a process of personal change and is only viable in case the crime was committed under specific circumstances, and in no case involved the freedom of choice between the right and the wrong action: When the rights given to criminals are seen as a major obstacle in the state’s quest to guard the lives and material possessions of the public, conservatives have maintained a more fundamental reason as to why […] criminals should be rehabilitated and not punished. (Cullen, & Gilbert, 1982, pp. 95–96) The efficacy of the given model can be argued