ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction With the current era of hyper-competition in the global markets, contemporary organizations need to devise strategic plans for their competency. Being one of the most potential companies in the aerospace industry, Boeing Company has been observed to employ highly efficient and effective competitive strategies for its better performance in the future. Particularly, the company has largely been considerate on the underlying crisis in the global economy, and subsequently been devoted to meet the needs of the society today. Background Information of Boeing Company Boeing Company is one of the largest aircraft manufacturing companies of the world, having its headquarters in the United States. Notably, Boeing has been one of the most competitive aircraft manufacturing companies whose proficiency in building military and aerospace products has been credible since its establishment in the year 1917. According to Collopy (2004), the introduction of the company’s commercial aircraft 707 in the year 1958 was a great success since the company continued leading in the entire industry for commercial aircraft. Since Boeing Company produces a variety of aerospace products like commercial airplanes, jets and military aircrafts among other, its prosperity in the aerospace industry is high. More so, the variety of products offers the company larger customer base, increasing its profitability largely. Considering the performance trend of Boeing Company in the aerospace industry, the company has devised strategic plan of building more superior aircrafts which are capable of carrying larger number of passengers for larger distances without immediate stops. Since Boeing 707 seemed smaller and unable to travel long distances without immediate stops, the development of Boeing 787 has been cost effective since it has larger capacity to carry more passengers for longer distances without stops. This has been a cost-effective strategy, considering the current soaring of oil prices and higher federal taxes. On this basis, extensive and intensive technological research on producing energy efficient aircrafts has been one of the major strategies for Boeing Company on the basis of the current economic crisis (Pearce & Robinson, 2010). Mission and Vision Statements of Boeing Company Being a quality and integrity oriented company; Boeing has been devoted to run healthy business leveraged activities by focusing on the ability of its products to meet the needs of the global society. According to Vasigh et al (2009), the vision statement of Boeing Company is ‘People working together as a global society for aerospace leadership’. One of the key competencies for realizing this vision in the company is its detailed customer-knowledge and focused engineering body to facilitate and maintain high competency.
Educators define at-risk behaviors of a student as those actions or characteristics which are not usually displayed by his/her coevals, and which may produce a negative effect on his/her health or academic performance (Bender & Neutens, 1997, p 11). Speaking about this thirteen-year-old adolescent, we can single out the following at-risk behaviors  1. daydreaming that results in poor concentration;  2. unsociability that leads to alienation from classmates;  3. restlessness or lack of perseverance. All of these issues must be addressed by his/her teacher. For this purpose it, it is necessary to develop a plan of intervention. Daydreaming or attention deficit presents significant difficulties for both teachers and learners because it decreases the capacity of a persons memory, critical thinking ability, and participation in the discussions etc. There are several methods to cope with this issue; one of them is to remove this student from a reinforcing setting into setting with lower reinforcing value (Bowen et al, 2004, 288). In other words, this pupil should be placed in an environment where he/she will have to be constantly alert and attentive, for example, at the front desk. The presence of the instructor will act as a powerful stimulus for him. Another strategy is to engage him in group work. A person, who has to communicate with other people, unavoidably becomes more concentrated. It is important that his teammates are on friendly terms with him. This adolescent must not feel like an outsider in this team. One of the most important tasks for a teacher is to ensure that this teenager is not excluded from the group (Bender & Neutens, 1997). Thirdly, propensity to daydreaming can be alleviated by alternating the assignments thi
Introduction Human beings have always been viewed as social creatures and their interaction with others plays a very pivotal role in their personal growth and development. Our intense need to feel some warmth and connection is, therefore, necessary for a balanced life. It is for this reason that we surround ourselves with friends and socialize with other members of society. However, one cannot always count on his fellow human beings to be available to provide companionship and the feeling of warmth. One can on the other hand be relatively certain that his pets will be there to provide some form of companionship when he needs it. It is with these undertones that I shall set out to talk about the pet that I would prefer to adopt. I shall also aim to positively influence my friend to adopt a pet for herself as well. Adopting a pet My pet of choice is a dog, an animal that I have always been fond of since I was a little girl. Dogs have always been tagged as “man’s best friend” mostly due to their loyalty and sometimes affectionate nature. My main attraction to the dog as my pet of choice is the companionship attribute as well as the loyalty that seems to be innate in all breeds of dogs. While I do reside with a significant other, my house tends to get eerily quiet at times and it is in my hope that a pet dog will dispense of this and bring in some warmth. The playful nature of the dog will also ensure that I am preoccupied with a significant part of my evenings thereby helping me to relax by taking my mind off the stresses of the day. Bricklin(1999) asserts that caring for a pet is a significant commitment and as such, one has to be willing to keep regular hours, spend time caring for the animal and also invest a significant amount of money in the animal’s health and food costs. While I will be able to cater adequately to my pet’s health and food needs, my busy daily schedule leaves me with little time to spare. As a result of this, it would make sense for me to chose a pet dog that does not require too much attention and one whose maintenance is not too involving. The particular dog that I intend to get is the Maltese Dog. Unlike other dog breeds that shed their fur frequently and in substantial quantities, the Maltese Dog breed sheds only sparingly, therefore, making it an ideal pet for me as it requires little effort cleaning after. Additionally, the Maltese are considered to be
History of Road in the United Kingdom The present United Kingdom’s roads system covers more than 200,000miles in an elaborate network, which links all areas of the country. However, achieving such an ostentatious linkage of roads has taken considerable time. It can be traced back to periods before the introduction and invention of motor vehicles in the country. Indeed, the first ever recorded roads were constructed using timber in the first century by Romans. The establishment of timber roads in Britain marked the start of the country’s road networks (Elvik, Vaa, Erke & Sorensen 2009). Between 43AD and 410AD, more than 2000-mile roads had been constructed. However, because of the evident few or no technologies then, it was a very sumptuous network of roads during this time. These roads were mostly used for military and trade purposes. At the time, the economic activities that common citizens were involved in were very minimal. Most families practiced subsistence farming that required minimal movement or involvement in the economy, and hence the very little usage of the roads (Wegman, Zhang & Dijkstra 2012). Just as it is today where London is the centre of the country’s roads networks, during the early period of road construction by the Romans, it was chosen as the centre of the roads, which linked the city to Chichester, Dover, York, Carlisle, St. Edmund and the rest of the western parts of the country. More than 1500 years down the line, since the new roads were developed in the country, the current road network retains some of the original road layout whereby some parts of the current A2, A15, A24, A30, and A257 still follow the course of the first roads in Britain (Newnam & Goode 2015). The introduction of motor vehicles in the early 20 th century marked the start of the period of great road construction and related technologies to meet the growing demand. The motor vehicles also introduced new challenges such as road s
The concept of work-related stress has been studied widely since the 1950s. Consequently, work-related stress has been recognized as an epidemic that is widespread across all occupations. However, some occupations are susceptible to a higher level of work-related stress than others (Thanacoody, Bartram & Casimir, 2009). Since the mid-1990s, numerous radical changes have been observed in health care systems. These changes are geared towards a lean workforce due to economic constraints. As a result, poor pay and increased workload have become a common phenomenon in the nursing profession. The above conditions eventually accelerate levels of work-related stress (Malliarou, Moustaka & Konstantinidis, 2008). Noticeably, without effective coping strategies, work-related stresses my eventually lead to nursing burnout (Thanacoody, Bartram & Casimir, 2009). Against this backdrop, this study will seek to establish the factors behind high cases of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession and the implications therein. On the same note, the concept of occupational burnout has gained considerable attention in recent years. The term ‘burn out’ was first mentioned by Freudenberger in 1974. Freudenberger underscored that; burnout was a condition whereby professionals in social service professions (e.g. clinical) experienced feelings of exhaustion and failure; thus end up becoming inoperative (Thanacoody, Bartram & Casimir, 2009). Correspondingly, researchers in the nursing field have speculated that prolonged stress, coupled with unstable health care environment escalates burnout cases among nurses. On this note, burnout has been recognized as a looming disaster whose implications might invite far-reaching effects on the health care system (Malliarou, Moustaka & Konstantinidis, 2008). Likewise, the condition has been associated with negative implications such as reduced job performance, low work morale, high job turnover, increased cases of absenteeism, loss of productivity and sluggishness at work. Moreover, the condition might have far-reaching effects on an individual’s physical, emotional, mental, and psychological well-being (Malliarou, Moustaka & Konstantinidis, 2008). Needless to say, nursing burnout is an escalating condition that calls for immediate redress owing to the vital role of the nursing profession in society. Accordingly, the concept of burnout has been termed as a multifaceted phenomenon that impacts negatively on the individual and institutions. The price of nursing burnout is too costly both for individuals and institutions (Thanacoody, Bartram & Casimir, 2009). Consequently, numerous variables have been examined to establish their interrelationship and their contribution towards burnout. These variables have been drawn from a wide pool of possibilities ranging from, work-related, personality traits and demographic factors. Furthermore, the current research will be founded on three hypotheses namely; H 1 Work-related factors have a positive role in nurses burnout Numerous researches on this phenomenon have examined the relationship between workplace environment and burnout. Most of these researches have identified several job-
Bauxite is found in the form of sedimentary rock with minerals in it. Such rocks are generally formed over a period of time when volcanic activities lead to solidification of the lava and subsequent weathering of this solid in tropical climates in countries like Brazil, Russia, Australia, Spain, Italy etc. It has shades of brown in raw form. This mineral is named as bauxite after the locality at Les Baux (or Beaux), a village in France. The ore was discovered at this place in 1821 (Mindat.org, 2010). Aluminium is found in bauxite in the form of Aluminium Oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) i.e. Alumina. Therefore, with the help of a refining process, Alumina is extracted from bauxite which in turn is converted into Aluminium metal with the help of smelting process. The bauxite ore extracted from mines can also be divided into three distinctive types, depending upon the percentage of Alumina content and the requirements for the particular products or industry. Low grade bauxite contains on an average 48 to 52 percent Alumina, medium grade bauxite contains 50 to 54 percent Alumina, while high grade bauxite comes with about 58 to 60 percent of Alumina content (ARCEL, 2010). A typical composition of bauxite includes 56 percent of Al 2 O 3 , 10 percent of Fe 2 O 3 , 2 percent of TiO 2 , 7 percent of SiO 2 , and 25 percent of water or organics 1 . Process of Separation of Alumina from Bauxite The process of refining the metallic ore in the form of alumina is known as Bayer process. Key steps involved in this process include (RocksandMinerals.com, 2010);   * Crushing the bauxite rocks and grinding the particles into smaller granules of uniform size. The granules are then mixed with caustic soda solution at relatively higher temperature. The grinding mill converts the mixture into ‘red mud’ by blending the finer granules with the caustic soda solution. This red mud contains a solution of sodium aluminate and un-dissolved bauxite residues with particles of iron, and silica.   * The red mud subsequently undergoes a process called digestion in which the alumina is dissolved with the help of a chemical reaction. The digester helps in dissolving alumina and produces a sodium aluminate solution while other impurities or un-dissolved particles are fished out with the help of ‘flesh tanks’ and ‘settling tanks’.   * Gravitational propert
The book “Crossing into America: The New Literature of Immigration” treats the United States as a country of immigrants. This text manages to capture diverse voices and ideas from different poets, authors, and writers. The authors present the best ideas and discussions to understand the issue of immigration. The immigration reforms of the 1960s made it possible for many people to come to North America. The US Congress’ decision to amend the Immigration Act in the 1960s transformed American society. The new law removed most of the barriers existing in the nation (Mendoza and Shankar 11). The chapter “The New Literature of Immigration” explains how the increasing number of immigrants has transformed the United States. This development has made the country culturally and racially diverse (Mendoza and Shankar 6). Throughout the past decades, immigration has remained a major issue in North America. This situation explains why different laws and regulations have redefined the issue of migration in the United States. The anthology takes “the issue of immigration from the wider realm of legislation to the people’s hearts” (Mendoza and Shankar 7). The book “embraces literature to analyze the experiences of different people in the country” (Mendoza and Shankar 3). According to the authors, the practice has continued to change the image, expectation, and future of American society. Several issues confront many immigrants in this part of the world. Some of these issues include preservation and assimilation. The newcomers have been wondering how they can change and achieve their potentials in a foreign land. Such individuals have been trying hard to communicate with their sons and daughters about the most important things (Mendoza and Shankar 9). New cultural shocks and wars have dominated American society (Mendoza and Shankar 9). This is undeniable because America is today full of immigrants from different parts of the world. The magnitude of the changes arising from this wave of immigration is incomprehensible. This “new literature presents the prejudiced experiences of foreigners in the new society” (Mendoza and Shankar 2) The article gives every reader a better comprehension of an issue that is beyond his or her knowledge. The text compels the reader to analyze more articles and discussions to understand the significance of immigration in the United States. The authors have used their essays, memoirs, poems, and fictions to explain how different foreigners have worked tirelessly to redefine their goals. They have worked hard in an attempt to deal with various challenges such as political oppression, discrimination, prejudice, and economic desperation (Mendoza and Shankar 12). The text goes further to explain why “national identities and boundaries cannot control the communications, allegiances, and movements of different immigrants” (Mendoza and Shankar 11). The chapter “also explains why different things such as death and freedom, hate and love, and violence and happiness dominate the lives of these persons
The Social Control Theory, by Travis Hirschi, supposes that the failure by juvenile offenders to have meaningful social influences while growing up drives them to engage in unlawful actions. These influences come from family members, friends, society, beliefs, and other social activities. This theory has been used by different scholars to highlight the underlying causes of juvenile delinquency. The theory shows why it is important for children to have strong parental and peer attachments while they are growing up. The theory argues that family and social attachments which children have within the environment they are growing up in have a big influence on their personality. Positive ties to families and friends help teenagers to have good moral influences which enable them to grow up as model citizens. The theory further argues that good parental influence deters children and teenagers from engaging in bad behavior. The theory reveals that positive peer influences help adolescents to act responsibly and this deters them from engaging in criminal activities. Shoemaker notes that external attachments to community and school have an impact on an adolescent’s behavior and character (103). Any positive or negative influence determines the behavior of that young person in society. The theory also shows the value of commitment to society and how this impacts adolescents while they are growing up. Adolescents who are committed to a specific social group or organization are likely to avoid engaging in unlawful activities. They grow up with a sense of duty and responsibility which enables them to conform to acceptable values and norms in society. This deters them from getting lured into crime because their commitment to positive societal values gives them a good moral foundation that enables them to grow up responsibly (Shoemaker 103). Children learn from social systems which they are exposed to which affect their behavior and attitudes towards authority. This helps them not to deviate and engage in crime. The theory shows that strong beliefs in conventional behavior make an adolescent choose the right path in life. Many societies regard honesty, trust, integrity, fairness, and kindness as virtues that shape a person’s character positively. These attributes encourage adolescents to avoid getting involved in criminal activities which are shunned by many people in society. An adolescent who is raised in an environment where many people act irresponsibly is likely to be lured into unlawful acts. The teenager may engage in deviant behavior which gets him in trouble with authorities (Ozbay and Ozcan 136). Adolescents need to be taught positive and acceptable ideals to help them make the right choices in life. The theory argues that involvement by the youth in different social activities gives them little time to engage in vices and other unlawful act
Introduction An important period of OS development dates back to 1965-1975. At this time, in the technical base of computers, there was a transition from individual semiconductor elements such as transistors to integrated circuits, which paved the way for the appearance of the next generation of computers. These enhancements greatly improved the efficiency of the computing system. Multiprogramming was implemented in two versions – in batch processing systems and time-sharing. Main body Multiprogram batch processing systems, like their single-program predecessors, had as their goal the maximum load on computer hardware, but they solved this problem more efficiently. In multi-program batch mode, the processor did not stand idle while one program performing an I / O operation but switched to another program ready for execution. As a result, a balanced loading of all computer devices was achieved, and therefore, the number of tasks solved per unit time increased. The emergence of the scientific discipline of program design, the creation of compatible systems, the creation of emulators, the beginning of OS specialization. Development of modular, procedural software. The compatibility of OS and software (software) was first organized by IBM (Computer History, 2019). There were many firms, their machines and team systems were different. It was challenging to switch to a computer in another class. IBM has created a line of computers compatible from bottom to top: IBM System 360 and an OS that is compatible with all machines of this line (OS / 360). To facilitate the transition from other computers to this line, IBM has created emulators of other systems on its system. Similarly, Win95 was in due time, and it required writing drivers for this system. DEC-PDP and UNIX OS will be created later. The complexity of designing debugging and OS support has given rise to program design technology – modularity, compatibility, and OS mobility. It is important to note that the development of both Microsoft Windows and macOS demonstrates a gradual improvement in the overall performance. Mac OS X is a unique operating system that successfully combines paradigms, ideologies, and technologies that, in the past, were usually incompatible with each other. It is the fruit of the many trial and errors of Apple and NeXT, as well as their community of users and developers. Perhaps Mac OS X is one of the best examples of how a powerful operating system can be the result of direct or indirect efforts of corporations, scientific and research communities, movements for open source code and free software, and even ordinary people. Whereas, one of the most common operating systems until the mid-90s was the disk operating system of Microsoft MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System). In 1981, IBM placed a request for an operating system to be used in