ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper focuses on the peculiarities of human resource management, advances, and challenges in the field as well as recommendations concerning the most effective practices. The first part of the paper is an overview of Sheikh khalifa General Hospital (SKGH) is provided. It is clear that the organization aims at becoming a responsible citizen contributing to the development of the community through the provision of high-quality healthcare services as well as training and support to people living in the area. The hospital sees efficient HR practices as one of its priorities and ways to achieve its major goals. The second part of this work is an overview of the essence of HR, common practices, and advances in the field. Thus, the major roles of HR professionals are outlines, and these are recruitment, training, the development of compensation strategies as well as the formation of proper relationships in the working place. Successful experiences of such world leaders as Fairmont Hotels & Resorts, McDonald’s, and Sodexo. Some of the primary challenges HR professionals may meet are associated with insufficient training, globalization, and technological advances. The recommendations provided in this paper include the need to focus on the development of employees’ evaluation and training programs, as well as efficient compensation plans. HR Departments Coordination with Other Departments One of the primary roles of the Human Resources department is to ensure that the right people work effectively in the right places. To complete this task properly, HR professionals should collaborate effectively with colleagues working in other departments (Torrington 61). Various strategies have been developed and utilized, and every organization and even HR professional can choose the one to fit the company’s values, technological and financial capacity, and so on. Clearly, HR professionals should be in constant contact with the employees working in other departments to elicit information on the need for new people, the expected credentials, as well as the needs of those who work for the organization (Clement 174). It is also important to make sure that the information is accessed timely as any procrastinations or distortion of information can lead to a higher rate of retention, growing dissatisfaction of employees, and deterioration of the organization’s overall performance (Ciampa and Dotlich 182). One of the efficient strategies to ensure proper coordination with other departments is the use of information systems that enable employees to share information effectively (Sadiq et al. 77). Clearly, this strategy requires a certain investment, and sophisticated systems involving the use of costly software can be unaffordable for some companies especially small ones (Fleisher and Bensoussan 41). However, these companies can try to come up with other types of information systems that are less expensive. Another efficient approach is associate
Epidemiology Schizophrenia is the prototypical psychotic disorder that can include abnormalities in five symptom domains. These domains include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized/abnormal motor behavior, disorganized thinking and/or speech, and negative symptoms (DSM-5, 2017). As Tandon et al. (2013) point out, the definition of schizophrenia has evolved during the time, but the major roots are common for all definitions: emphasis on the poor outcome and chronicity of the disease; notion that dissociative pathology is primary; stress on reality distortion or positive symptoms. Schizophrenia can be diagnosed if one of the following symptoms is present for approximately one month or less if treated successfully:  1. Delusions  2. Hallucinations  3. Disorganized speech  4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior  5. Negative symptoms such as avolition, diminished emotional expression, etc. (DSM-5, 2017; Tandon et al., 2013). Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis need to be considered as well. Although it was previously believed that the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia in men and women were approximately the same, newer studies point out that the use of more restrictive criteria for diagnosis results in a greater exclusion of women than men (Ochoa, Usall, Cobo, Labad, & Kulkarni, 2012). At the same time, the use of standard diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia confirmed higher incidence in men in a meta-analysis; furthermore, “more new cases of schizophrenia have been detected in men” (Ochoa et al., 2012, p. 2). The mean age of the development of the disease is 18-25 in men and 25-35 in women. Additionally, the disease can be prevalent in women >40 years due to the reduction of estrogens after menopause (Ochoa et al., 2012). Thus, the research provides mixed data on gender differences in schizophrenia. As to racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of the disorder, current research indicates that African Americans are more frequently misdiagnosed than Euro-Americans since they are three to five times more likely to be diagnosed with this disorder (Schwartz & Blankenship, 2014). Additionally, one of the researches described by Schwartz and Blankenship (2014) points out that the same prevalence was expected to be among Latino Americans; however, African Americans were still more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than Euro or Latino Americans. Still, Latino Americans’ self-reports contained notions of the high clinical severity of the disorder. However, no empirically verified explanations currently exist that could explain the overrepresentation of African Americans in having schizophrenia. Several explanations exist that could account for this prevalence. First, the underdiagnosis of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder in African Americans leads to overdiagnosis of schizophrenia. Clinicians’ race can also contribute to the problem because clinicians of various races apply diagnostic criteria differently.
Background Plastic usages have increased over the last few decades due to durability, low process, and lightweight. However, rates of their usage and disposal have become matters of environmental concerns. Production of plastic materials consumes a lot of energy. Also, people use and dispose of most plastic materials within the year of manufacture. From the above observations, we can note that plastic usage has become difficult to sustain. Still, plastics have durable components like polymer that take decades to disappear. Thus, we have large debris of plastics in dumpsites and natural habitats (Thompson, Moore, Saal and Swan, 2009). Recycling of plastic wastes reduces the effects of plastics on the environment and promotes economic gain. Recycling also reduces other issues such as fuel usages, the number of plastics for dumping, and emission of greenhouse gases. This report focuses on recycling of plastic waste materials, its systems, economic issues, current trends, support, and challenges. Summary of the Source The article ( Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities ) shows the development of plastic production, usages, and disposal. It notes that we cannot sustain the current trends observed in plastics production, usages, and disposal due to the effects of plastics on the landfill and the environment. It shows recycling systems, economic issues, current trends, supports, and challenges in plastics recycling. The article also covers waste management in general. It compares recycling against other methods such as “down gauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as ways of managing wastes” (Hopewell, Dvorak, and Kosior, 2009). It shows that developments in technology and changes concerning plastic waste management provide new ways of enhancing recycling. Also, efforts of stakeholders such as the public, government, industries, and scientists may change most plastic wastes through recycling with the next few years. Evaluation This article contains comprehensive coverage of plastics waste management. It shows the growth in productions, usages, and disposal. It also highlights terminologies used in plastic recycling, systems or types of recycling, economic advantages, current trends
The leaflet is part of the Change4Life campaign, which falls under the Department of Health portfolio. It is a public health campaign designed to tackle the problem of obesity in the UK through promotion of active lifestyles and healthy eating habits among children. Users include mothers, fathers, children who are at risk of obesity. If they signed up in the campaign, they would receive guidance on meal choices and learn how they can structure their exercise regimen. Additionally, they can meet other households doing the same and motivate each other. This campaign will help users lose weight and thus minimise their susceptibility to obesity-related illnesses like cancer and diabetes. Interested parties can find more information from the Change for Life website. The first and most striking component of the campaign is its capacity to grab one’s attention. The image in the A4 leaflet is typical of others in the Change for Life Campaign. It makes creative use of images and words to bring the point across. In this promotion, many people will stop and think about how the food choices they make affect their propensity to add weight. Words in this poster advertisement are quite suitable for their purpose. At first glance, one is likely to notice words with large fonts like ‘sweet’, ‘eat’, ‘Instant’, ‘chewy’, ‘treat’ and ‘meatballs’. Thereafter, one is likely to notice popular junk food labels like Coca Cola, Skittle’s, Cheese, Dr. Pepper, and Mom’s. Smaller fonts represent names of unlabelled foods like soda, food, cupcakes, supersize. This creative play with fonts allows readers to move their eyes through the poster and find different things that speak to them. They are more likely to remember the brands with the big fonts, and this can help them to stay away from these choices in the future. Perhaps the most vital aspect of this advertisement is the content. The advert is clear, precise and uses very minimal words. This choice relates to the popularity of featured foods. In fact, the designer of the advertisement has taken care to represent almost all unhealthy food groups. Sugary foods or items that are high in sugar are represented in the form of snickers, cupcakes, cookies, candy and fruit punch. The word ‘sweet’ sums up this food group. In a campaign against unhealthy nutrition, one must acknowledge that sugary foods are key culprits, so they have to be mentioned. Additionally, some foods are high in unsaturated fat, such as meatballs, hamburgers, butter, cheese and other deep-fried treats. This is perhaps one of the biggest contributors of obesity because such foods are packed with calories. One only needs to take a small quantity of the items before one suffers from the detrimental effects of obesity. In terms of the content, the information provided in the poster also points out to some of the lifestyle choices that tempt people into buying unhealth
It seems that for as long as there has been society, there has been a pre-set standard of what the ‘ideal’ woman was supposed to be like. It is not hard to think of what this ‘ideal’ looks like – just look at any early Disney movie, most of the films coming out of Hollywood even today or even in many of our advertisements and fashion mags. The ideal woman is quickly identified as a woman with long, flowing hair; a thin body; a pretty face; proportional figure; quiet disposition; an eagerness to become involved in the maintenance of the home and an excitement about one day taking up the role of mother. However, for as long as this ideal has existed, there have always been women who did not live up to it for various reasons. Women in the lower classes of society didn’t have time to coddle their looks or their hair, they couldn’t afford to restrict themselves to only engaging in the domestic duties of the home if the family was to survive or they may have simply been born with a constitution that tended toward larger frames, less proportionate body development or less common facial conformations. When the proportion of women who didn’t fit the mold heavily outweighed the proportion of women who did, as could sometimes be found in the upper classes, this was not as much of a problem. But in modern society, where every woman regardless of class, culture or background is held to the same standard as it is constantly reinforced through modern media, the damage this can inflict can be great. This so-called “Barbie-doll” conception and its potential effects upon the individual and the family can be discovered through a comparison of Mary Gaitskill’s character Kitty from the short story “Tiny, Smiling Daddy” and the theme discovered in Marge Piercy’s poem “Barbie Doll.” Within Mary Gaitskill’s short story “Tiny, Smiling Daddy,” the character of Kitty is portrayed as a rejected daughter because of her inability to conform with social expectations as they are imagined by her father. The child Kitty is described in bits and pieces, as if her father only has these scattered memories of her to cling to instead of strong, full memories. He remembers her “eyes sparkling over her knuckles” as they played the childhood game of playing with nose hairs and her “long, thick brown hair, which she had just washed and was brushing,” both important elements of the classic outward signs of beauty. As she began to define herself differently, however, a distance begins to grow between her and her parents, particularly as they continue to insist upon her perfect performance as the ideal daughter. This is suggested in the continual references to the parents’ anger over Kitty’s refusal to set the table, a symbol of Kitty’s resistance to traditional female occupation. Through the course of his strained relationship with her, the father describes Kitty as ugly in several instances, indicating times when he can’t even see her anymore. Although she begins to regain her beauty in his eyes when she visits at the age of 22, she is not the classic female example he envisioned his daughter would be and an emotional distance remains between them. This distance is s
Introduction The cell phone industry is growing very fast hence one need to have a better strategy if he or she is to catch up with the current market trends. It should be noted that growth of the cell phone industry is a global a fare hence to compete with the growing demand one should always follow customer satisfaction on the use of cell phones and cell phone accessories(Meehan, 2007). The growth of the industry will sometime level hence it will be difficult for many in the same business to catch up with the trend. This is why one as an entrepreneur in the prepaid cell phone industry will have to develop some strategies to cope up with the pressure including satisfying the ever growing population that is using the cell phone and cell phone accessories. One strategy for one to cope up with the competition from other competitors is proper timing and planning. Time to start the business is very important because not all time is good for a business, hence one should find out at what time, season or period of the day are people likely to use the product he is introducing in the market for example most people are likely to use their prepaid cell phones while at work so the entrepreneur will provide a cell phone with a high talk time. Location that one has to start his venture is very important because it is the location that will provide the entrepreneur with customers of the product in question. Location for one’s business changes from time to time because once a certain consumer base is satisfied with the product the profit will tend to reduce thus one will switch to other markets to increase the sales and win other customers before his competitors reach that market (Kharif, 2008).This will always be achieved through thorough research of the global market to ascertain where there is product deficiency and the customer sample space in relation to the available product. To hire the best people or staff and listening to them is one of the best strategies that the best entrepreneur will ever do because this are the entrepreneur eyes and mouth in the available market. The best staff will always provide the administration with information about the market trend and how to cope up with the growing customer demand. Whenever the best and very qualified staff is chosen and listened to, they feel a sense of appreciation hence will do their best to make it in their career which will put the organization at the top of other companies in the same cell phone industry. Because it is about prepaid cell phones, increasing cell phone features like internet, frequent advertisement of the prepaid cell phone and sales promotion will have to be done in places with cell phone network depending on network providers range whereby the entrepreneur will have to win the hearts of customers from time to time by providing sale offers to beat
Introduction Hewlett-Packard Company is a US- based company formed to endow with hi-tech solutions, software’s and services. Along side the technological products are the printing and imaging devices, the IT interactions solutions in line with the maintenance and support services. Due to the rising demand on the company’s clienteles, ranging from small individuals to large enterprises, to the industrial segment encompassing the public and educational sectors, the company has come up with new services including the outsourcing and consulting services just naming a few of them as noted by HP (1989). According to Packard, 2006 the central focus of the paper is to critically examine whether or not HP is a learning organization. This is done by following the theory of Senge with regards top learning organization. On the same note the barriers that hinder organization to be a learning one id also of interest. Additionally the advantages associated with a learning organization arte also brought forth and this is what guides the conclusion to make. Finally the paper seeks to recommend a number of things that the company needs to do to in guiding it towards being a learning organization. History of the organization Hewlett Packard Company was formed in 1939 by two electrical engineering graduates from Sanford University. Hewlett Packard is the second names of Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard the founders of the company. The Company was established at a garage belonging to Packard as the name was arrived at after a coin tossing between the two co founders of the corporation of which Packard won but they decided to name their electronics company Hewlett Packard Company. The company was an idea after a fellowship in Stan
Introduction The Kudler is a company that operates three food stores in California; the La jolla, Del Mar and Encinitas. The food store chain is owned by Kathy Kudler and has been in operation since 1998 when the first store, La jolla was opened. The Company has flourished since its inception through consistent focus on customer satisfaction by provision of quality products and service. This paper seeks to establish ways, through which the company can implement a growth strategy that is intended to increase its customer numbers and loyalty. Thus the Company is exploring several alternatives which include: Continuous improvement; Pursuing of a new worldwide market by branching out to a larger market; technological advance and opportunities; seeking of joint ventures, market development and focus; use of the internet for marketing campaign and pursuing concentrated growth or internal organization and restructuring. Alternative 2: Pursue a new worldwide market by branching out to a larger market The Kudler provides a wide-ranging menu that incorporates foods and wines of high quality includes specialties from other cultures. Considering this, expansion to other markets will not create a variance in product ranges and services. However, undertaking the “expansion process is rather an expensive venture” (Telenti, 2002). Kudler can start off by branching out within California and the near by states. Costs could be cut by centralizing the food production process by creating Kitchen centers that will serve various outlets. The products will then be transported to the outlets by road. The ordering process by the outlets can be done over the internet through email service. This model has been applied by leading international restaurant chains and goes along away in reduction of “labor, equipment and other running costs.” This will work well for the expansion program within America but could be applied elsewhere (Champy, 1995). Reference list  1. Champy, J. (1995). Reengineering Management: THe Mandate for New Leadership. Glasgow: Harper Collins Publishers.  2. Telenti, I. (2002). Expanding your Business: Strategies for Entering New Markets. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
Steroids are a class of naturally occurring or synthetic compounds that can serve as “sex hormones, adrenal cortical hormones, bile acids, sterols, anabolic agents, and oral contraceptives” ( Encyclopædia Britannica Online , 2007). Although steroids do have important functions in our body, it is often abused by people who want to develop muscles (like bodybuilders) and those who want to enhance their endurance during physical performance (like athletes). This is because synthetically-produced steroids (anabolic steroids) mimic testosterone, a male hormone that is responsible in building tissues, strengthening bone and speeding up the repair of frayed muscles. However, prolonged use of steroids has been proven to cause severe health hazards. Overuse of steroids can lead to liver cancer, weakened kidneys, prostate problems and increased risk of ruptured tendons. Not only that, steroid use could also trigger acne and hair loss, as well as gender-specific problems like shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count and the growth of breasts in men; the growth of body hair, deeper voice and menstrual problems in women. Moreover, steroids can also cause altered moods, depression and “roid rage” (severe aggression), hallucinations, paranoia and anxiety. In adolescents, steroids can even stunt growth by signaling the body to stop growing (Lenehan 2003, 31-58). Since the 1950s, concerns have been raised about the increasing numbers of athletes who have used steroids to increase muscle mass, strength and power. Steroids act by enhancing the body’s use of protein, enabling the muscles to recover more quickly, the athlete can train longer and harder. At present, steroids can be taken orally, injected or applied to the body in a cream or gel. In medical disorders for which they are prescribed, dosages are within the normal range recommended by the drug manufacturer. For medical purposes, steroids are used to treat anemia, epilepsy and even to reverse muscle loss and decline of lean body mass in AIDS patients (Mulligan et al., 1999). In steroid misuse, it is not uncommon for the dosages to be much greater. The amount of androgen (testosterone) produced naturally by male testes is 4-10 mg/day. Choi et al . (1989) reported that some individuals administer 100 mg/day. Several steroids may be taken simultaneously, again at high doses – this is known as “stacking”. Steroid use can eventually lead to addiction that often lead to a variety of life-threatening side effects, including higher blood pressure, less favorable blood-fat ratios, higher cholesterol levels, and increased risk of heart attack and liver cancer. Doweiko (1993) presented evidence that many long-term steroid users develop a steroid addiction or dependence. Loss of control over the amount of steroids used, preoccupation with continued use, development of tolerance, and the use of steroids to avoid or control withdrawal symptoms are part of anabolic steroid dependence. Serious psychiatric risks have also been associated with steroid use. Users typically display elation; overestimation of their capacitie