ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The concept of hospitality is an evolving phenomenon because it closely correlates with multiple characteristics and qualities at various points of time. Specifically, hospitality aspects have undergone fundamental changes with regard to time, culture, social circumstances, and locations. These variations are contextually presented in different social and economical environments shaping dichotomy of hospitality between its domestic and non-domestic forms (Wood and Brotherton, 2008). In this paper, I will discuss that the understanding of ‘artefacts’ or experience can be reached through the analysis of hospitality domains, consideration of cultural and temporal dimensions, and evaluation of experience through different hospitality discourses. Judging from the above-presented considerations ‘artefacts’ and experiences drawn from South Bank self-trained guide, I will argue that ‘artefacts’ are important elements, physical evidence enhancing intangible dimensions of hospitality through social, cultural, and temporary dimensions. Main Argument From my viewpoint, ‘artefacts’ and experience signify the quality and nature of hospitality. They shape the character of hospitality situations that can be imbued with symbolic representations (Wood and Brotherton, 2008). After all, hospitality can be experienced through generating different kinds of artifacts in a non-domestic, commercial domain. Social and Cultural Role of Artefacts in Shaping Hospitality Domains According to Lugosi (2008), hospitable experiences in commercial spaces are strongly associated with the means of achieving political and social purposes. They also reflect temporary states marking the different forms and manifestations of hospitality. In this respect, hospitality ‘artefacts’ identify culturally and socially defined principles in relation to commercial domains. More importantly, emotional aspects of hospitality provided by experience and artifact deviate much from the established rational norms of hospitality. Hemmington (2007) support the ideas that definition of hospitality should be completely redefined to include the behavior and experience as the core aspects. Discussing the Phenomenon from Disciplinary Perspective While considering artifact referring to a specific location, specific emphasis should be placed on discussing historic, cultural, and social sciences disclosing the essence of the presented physical evidence (Molz & Gibson, 2007). Because self-guide trails are also closely connected with navigation tools, the concept of hospitality can also be placed in the context of technological development. According to Laws (2004), the interest should also be focused on the analysis of psychological factors influencing customers’ service experien
Introduction The management of healthcare facilities requires a solid framework for decision-making that considers essential procedures and interactions between personnel. Depending on their style and approach, managers implement their decision-making in various ways, especially since there are different tools and methods available to them. What is essential to understand is that the approach taken by a manager may not be welcomed by other employees, which creates complications and further dilemmas. The case study “Paid to Make Decisions” explores the gap in decision-making perceptions of a nursing manager, Carrie, at an emergency department and the personnel. The differences in opinions have led to opposition to change on the part of the emergency staff as well as a misunderstanding on the part of the manager. Weaknesses in Manager’s Final Statement In her statement about decision-making and nurse management, Carrie mentioned that the participation of workers was not important to her. The fact that she did not want to engage her subordinates in a conversation about the changes in the department pointed to her excessive independence. The manager said that she was “paid to make decisions” and that she “did not try to avoid responsibility by encouraging employees to make decisions,” which pointed to a high level of control and an approach that does not include other people. Collaborative efforts could have saved the problem with the lack of consensus between the manager and nurses, and their absence represents the fundamental weakness of Carrie’s statement. Disadvantages in the Manager’s Approach Toward Change The sudden changes that took place at the emergency department of County Hospital were a shock to employees who were used to the usual daily processes. Nurses did not have to follow a strict dress code or comply with a no-phone policy because the previous manager, which was called “the invisible manager,” did not enforce the rules upon them. However, when Carrie was hired to oversee the management and make changes to the department, her work became clearly visible to the employees. The staff did not adhere to changes well because Carrier was insisting on complying with rules that were not considered important by the workers because they did not enhance the quality of services. The enforcement of such regulations as restrictions with schedule changes, no food and drinks at the workplace, punishments for tardiness, and others were seen as aggressive. The approach was not welcomed because the manager was making all decisions on her own, failing to engage nurses in a dialogue. It could have been useful for Carrier to interview her subordinates about the changes that were made and what impact they would have on the work process. Influence of the Manager’s Behaviors With the arrival of Carrie as the new n
Planning refers to working out in an extensive outline, things that need to be done as well as the methods of doing them to achieve the determined organization’s goals. It can also be referred to as looking into the future and coming up with decisions on what should be done depending on the occurrence of events. Planning is one of the most significant roles in administration as it sets the prototype of other activities to be pursued. It is accorded dominance with the reason that it is the first role that is performed and its outcomes are the plans that dole out as the direct for the actions of staff members. In an administration some plans are made to serve a given project while others are relatively permanent in nature hence referred to as standing plans which include procedures, policies as well as methods. In its simplest form planning is an activity that can be carried out by any associate of the administration as it encompasses setting missions, objectives as well as acts of achieving them. Planning in a broad spectrum engrosses making decisions as well as choosing future of actions from the set out substitutes. In public administration planning is crucial as it bridges the gap flanked by where an administration is and where it intends to be in future and therefore it calls for bringing in new things as well as workable implementation strategies. In a public administration without planning, actions are aimless. It plays a great role in ensuring that the members know their purposes, tasks, the guidelines to follow as well as their objectives in the administration for an efficient flow of the desired goals. Planning encompasses a range of constituents which include;  1. Developing strategies and plans.  2. Formulation of decision making processes.  3. Establishing goals.  4. Evaluation of environmental resources. In public administration there are various merits that come hand in hand with planning. Some of them include supplying the organization with firm administration as well as with financial structure for a proficiently change from the developer control. This is specifically done via setting up goals t
Introduction In every business set up there must be careful study of choices that are available so as to make sound decisions. Through the aid of performance reports, budgets and immense knowledge of ethics, every business is bound to flourish in its industry. The paper aims to find out how budgets, performance reports, ethics and accounting information will have an impact on Guillermo’s decision making. Use of budgets and performance reports in decision making process Guillermo has been presented with three options to choose from; the new technology, the choice of being a chain distributor and to dispose the coated furniture. Peavler (Para 1) comments that budgets are plans of action in a given business, without which, the business cannot have a driving force. Guillermo will need to conduct cost benefit analysis by the use of budgeted information in terms of labor hours and the value from the production to see if there is any gain to be realized. According to Horngren, Sundern, Stratton, Burgster and Schwartzberg (12), the spirit of management entails many activities that are include making planning and control decisions. Budgeted information will also aid him in making decision whether his involvement as a broker in distribution will be advantageous and profitable or not. The values that had been budgeted on the sale of the coated furniture will give a clear indication as to whether it will be viable to sell the furniture. The reports of performance on the income before tax that will be generated will act as a comparison between the three choices where selection will be made based on the investment that will be required, given that each option provides different incomes; for example, 46118, 213174 and 64041 for sticking to current method, adopting hi tech method and becoming a broker respectively. Importance of ethics According to Horngren et al (2008 p8), regulating the accounting standards makes sure that reliability and availability of the information provided by accountants abides the standards of ethics. Guillermo’s decisions have to be affected by integrity and ethics in many ways. In making decisions as whether to adopt the high technology mechanisms he must consider taking into account the right figures that would be involved in order to avoid unnecessary expenses. He will also need to analyze the amount of equity investment against debt before making a decision whether to employ the high technology in the manufacturing of furniture. Guillermo’ accounting information must reflect truth and fair representation for taxation purposes, the computation of the relevant costs associated with brokerage and the possible cost of labor should form bases of ethics. In addition, he should think about the plight of the employees who will be rendered jobless if he opts to go hi tech. Finally, empowering the local community should be incorporated in the decision such
A renowned French artist, Paul Cezanne is considered as ‘The father of the modern art’ for his contribution to the evolution of painting. His inspiration was revealed in Paris during his frequent visits to the Louvre Museum (Turner 459). His paintings are considered a foundation and inspiration to the modern art. In fact, it has been argued that his intensive use of colors and compositions represents his originality in painting (Loran 26). Cezanne’s unique way of color application in his paintings seems to develop a unique color application theory defined by a change in paradigm from the use of dark colors to an application of light colors (Sidlauskas 90). The purpose of this paper is to analyze some of Cezanne’s paintings with an aim of describing his sense of color in painting (Turner 459). Arguably, one main factor that has contributed to his success as a father of modern painting is the ability to use color in a creative and skillful manner that reveals his sense of his world (Sidlauskas 84). Cezanne paves way for upcoming artists when he decided to give quality to his paintings as compared to the traditional ones (Bois and Krauss 32). Cezanne’s 1896’s painting “Lake of Annecy” was an exhibition of use of color to depict nature at its best. He used a range of cool colors such as blue and green with deep tone and a combination of warm color to produce contrast, thus making some features look closer. In 1906, Cezanne exhibited an oil painting, which he called “the Bathers” (Turner 26). He distinguished his artwork from other small paintings by calling it “Large Bathers.” The painting took him seven years though it was never finished due to his death in 1906 (Shiff 54). His understanding and use of color was also an inspiration from his wife, who had a great passion to do artwork of her master. Cezanne wanted to articulate a painting meaning with color. An example is the painting of his wife Fiquet Cezanne he used color to give different conception to her features (Sidlauskas 90). In his artwork, Cezanne used color to signify depth and surface at once, mobility and skin revelatory suited a young man nicknamed “Iecorche”. Although Cezanne’s “Mont St. Victoire” painting portrays a traditional landscape, the use of color technique makes it complete revolutionary. His impressionism is extreme as he uses color patches to convey mountains cape atmosphere. This is an amazing work as the bluish tint color portrays a thick atmosphere. The use of color to portray fruits and glassware objects in “Compotier, Pitcher and Fruit” gives shadows and textures and creates a realistic perception as the fruits looks as they are falling off the table. In his Harlequin painting, Cezanne uses blue color to symbolize mood on how Picasso lean on his elbow (Bois and Krauss 35). According to Loran (41), Cezanne’s unique way of color application in his paintings seem to develop a unique color application theory defined by a change in paradigm from these us
Introduction The well being of an individual is very critical to performance and several meaning of life to that particular individual. Several researchers have studied aspects like obedience, intervention of bystander, behavior and altruism as being the factors that affect the way people perceive events and hence their happiness. Another finding is that group membership and biases greatly influences people’s sensitivity. For instance two people could give different accounts of the same game they saw. This is what has inspired studies on the non-conscious factors that affect the way a person is motivated. Also critical to this subject is the way people perceive stereotypes and prejudice. Even through all these aspects are important, this paper looks at social psychological aspects. To elucidate the argument of these social psychological elements being profound influencers of happiness, five sets of conclusions in social psychology have will be analyzed. Even though they may seem very correct, there is a reason to believe that they are non-obvious. These five sets of thoughts are;  1. Hedonic adaptation to events both positive and negative  2. Social relationships are essential for adequate human functioning  3. Power and authority are great influencers of thought and behavior  4. Memory is critical in determining future responses.  5. Culture and ethnicity can also affect the way happiness is attained Hedonic Adaptation Hedonic treadmill states good things only make people happy temporarily while the bad happenings leave long-term impact of unhappiness. In the long run, people get preset a neutral stance at hedonic neutrality and any efforts to gain happiness by having a good life situation are only effective for a short time. In the same cause, a slave suffering from a chronic disease and staying alone at a hovel near the master’s mansion will be unhappy than the rich master (Diener & Oishi, 2005, P. 163). It seems that people normally adopt as time goes by, but not totally regain their initial position. For example, widows or people losing their jobs experienced low level of satisfaction in life even after many years after the experience. This means they never adapted completely to their previous positions (Diener & Oishi, 2005, P. 163). Even though people adapt to every event or circumstances, they also adapt to the simple rewards and drawbacks that they encounter in their daily lives. Considering that the adaptation is not complete, some people going through tough condition may seem happier than others. For instance, people living in the Sahara desert in mud walled houses with not electricity were as happy as other people in developed towns (Diener & Oishi, 2005, P. 164). I agree with these thoughts because they of
The entrepreneur first had to seek educational knowledge before going into business. He had graduated from NYIT with a bachelor degree in Marketing with his passion in the world of business. After graduating the entrepreneur first worked with Tameer, a real estate company as a Marketing Executive. This work would aid him gain experience and knowledge about managing and marketing a business. He would also gain with accumulating capital through hi salary. He left the real estate business due to the crash which occurred in 2008. He joined Gro Capita which deals with Forex a couple of years later with a promotion to be a Sales Manager. From here he had realized the opportunity of BreadTalk. BreadTalk which is a Singaporean franchise has been expanding in Asia from one country to another. This franchise which was started in 2000 has over 300 outlets currently in Asia. The entrepreneur having identified the expansion motive of this company in the Middle East, had an idea of BreadTalk expanding to his country. With this idea he wanted to snatch the opportunity of been the Regional Manager of Bread. Having identified this opportunity, the entrepreneur left Gro Capita and lead in the introduction of BreadTalk in Bahraini. The bakery opened in Bahrain in 2009 and recently it opened a branch in the City Centre. BreadTalk started producing pastries with different fillings and designs, toast bread, cakes, and biscuits. The entrepreneur could not become the Regional Manager for Bahraini but with his experience he became the Operations Manager. With the large competition in Bahraini, BreadTalk had to ensure quality services for customers as a way of ensuring their satisfaction. Here the entrepreneur been the operations manager was faced with the duty of ensuring customer satisfaction was offered. He had encountered his first problem with a late delivery on a customer and had to allow discount on the customer to better the situation. As a way of competing the entrepreneur had to avoid the main challenge faced by BreadTalk. This challenge is ensuring high standards of customer satisfaction. The operations manager had to take the next step of training employees on quarterly basis. This was to ensure they are well equipped in handling customers and offering high quality services. The manager had to introduce a system of taking in customer feedback on the company’s products and services. This aided in understanding the customers’ tastes and preferences. This would help the company to adjust products and services to sati
A caster can be described as a simple wheel mechanism usually attached to the bottom of a particular object to simplify its movement and reduce the effort needed to change its position. Such details can be used in shopping carts, office chairs, beds, or furniture. The presented caster consists of six parts needed to guarantee its stable functioning, attaching to the demanded object, and rolling. These details are the metal base, two vertical supports, four screws, bushing, axle, and a wheel. Being assembled, they ensure the proper work of the detail and its attachment. The base is made of malleable cast iron and weighs 1083,5 grams. It is the basis to fix all other objects and assemble the caster mechanism. It should also be attached to a particular surface to enable it can be moved. The vertical supports are placed on the base by using available SHCS screws. The choice of steel as the material is explained by the high pressure caused by objects on the base. The caster mechanism also has two vertical supports made of malleable cast iron. Their primary function is to hold the wheel and guarantee its rolling without friction on the base. The mass of every vertical support is 437.6 grams. They are placed on two sides of the base using SHCS crews and should also resist a significant load, which explains the choice of the material to manufacture them. The mechanism has four socket head cap screws (SCHS) needed to fix vertical supports and ensure their stable position on the base. Each SCHS weighs 20.3 grams, and the screws are made of plain carbon steel, ensuring their reliability and resistance. There are also two bushings needed for the stable work of the caster mechanism. They are made of tin bearing bronze and weigh 58.9 grams each. They are attached to the vertical supports to hold the axle and reduce the friction between two surfaces, and resist abrasion. The mechanism has the axle needed to guarantee that the wheel will spin and simplify the object’s movement. It is made of AISI 1020 carbon steel and weighs 182.2 grams. The choice of this material ensures that the axle will resist the pressure caused by the wheel and the mass of an item that should be moved. Finally, the wheel is the last detail of the caster mechanism. It is made of malleable cast iron and is placed between two vertical supports by using an axle and two bushings. Its mass is 872.5 grams, making it the second heaviest detail among the rest. The diameter of the hole in the middle of the wheel should fit the size of the axle to ensure it is possible to assemble the mechanism and attain its stable work. Altogether, being assembled, all details enable that the item or object can be moved. Being placed at a stationary fork formed by two vertical supports, the wheel reduces the effort needed to change the position of an item. The orientation of the two vertical supports is selected when a caster is mounted to the necessary surface. The axle with two bushings on sides allows the wheel to roll without friction and ensures the stable work of the mechanism. The use of metal and carbon steel guarantees the demanded strength