ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The modern-day Middle East is a caricature of the aftermaths of the First World War. Approximately, twenty autonomous states, which fall under the umbrella of Middle East, still nurse the wound of the historical war (world’s first war). These countries include Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Qatar, Jordan, Turkey, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Egypt and Sudan are still debatable if they belong to Asia or North Africa. During World War I, many nations especially those in the Middle East suffered political instability, social, and economic imbalance. Nevertheless, the First World War spurred the technological development in Middle East nations. After the World War I, most of the countries were under colonialism; nevertheless, the departure of colonialists spurred civil wars, ethnic wars, boundary disputes, political uprisings, and subsequent economic decline that many of these nations fight to control. Changes in the Middle East after the commencement of World War I Power derangement was the worldwide impact of the First World War and Middle East was no exception. Furthermore, according to political analyst the genesis of the political upheavals in the modern day Middle East dates back in 1914 during the world war (Craig et al, 2009, P.20). The Ottoman Empire an influential political identity in the Middle East, which the Arabians defended, was the main target during the war. Subsequently, after the empire crumbled, the Britain controlled Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine among other countries in the Middle East (Magnus, 2005, p.40). The involvement in the war by the countries from the Middle East not only led to loss of power but also spurred the economic decline and created social problems. The second change set in by the First World War was the technology development in the Middle East. Britain, Germany, and France had adopted the use of powerful machines like guns, bombs and nuclear weapons, which the people of Middle East acquired. The forces/ people from Middle East who participated in the war acquired operating and construction skills for the deadly weapons (Wilbur, 1991, p.50). Consequently, the current technological trend especially in weapons is now on the rise in the Middle East. Therefore, the war led to the acquisition of military personnel, weapons, and fighting strategies in the Middle East. The third change set by the First World War is the psychological torture and imbalance by the military p
Oscar Wilde’s play The Importance of Being Earnest still touches upon many social issues such as marriage, courtship, love, religion, integrity and morality. Marriage appears here as one of the primary forces motivating the plot of the playwright’s writing and as a subject for many philosophical conversations and literary discusses. We are going to depict the marriage in Earnest as an option or a necessary “business” move in an aristocratic society using the prism of Wilde’s point of view on Victorians era. The tone of the play appears to be comic. All that playwright wants is to make readers and audience laugh. Laugh on the aristocracy’s lusciousness. Author highlights the features of Victorians era society that are unusual and mostly fun comparing to the features of other social classes. Wi
Basically, through the invention of technologically underpinned business process management (BPM), most businesses needs have significantly converged to process engineering. Essentially, the technological evolution has prompted individuals to fabricate flexible systems that would satisfactorily meet the ensuing customers’ demands. Based on Gosselin (2009) assertions, the evolution of business performance and thinking emanates from the fact that ever since the BPM reengineering was catch-phrased, businesses have been able to address the clients’ needs more effectively. This has been made possible through the adoption of BPM systems which typically empower the success of business as it brings both the systems and individuals together. Moreover, BPM has been providing the best feasible strategies and superior goals that businesses can rely on to become successful in the current competitive market niche. The agility, productivity and efficiency that are associated with the reengineering of the business processes is equally another aspect through which business practices and thinking have evolved. In fact, the artistic reengineering has made businesses to be able to amicably comply with current regulatory stipulations besides streamlining business objectives and process with implemented business process systems. The organizations have also been able to improve, analyze and evaluate their processes in order to transform the available resources into the most wanted products and services. The benefits of BPM Business process management (BPM) has been widely applied by various organizations in order to viably manage the mechanization of the future and currently existing business processes. In most instances, the business management aims at delivering quality clients services with the intention of realizing an organization’s full latent rate of internal return. Thus, the recognition and familiarity with the business management has geared most organizations to develop, continuously embrace and take comprehensive advantage of the ensuing business management system. From the article, if BPM is properly implemented by an organization, then the accruing benefits would radiate via three key business facets namely agility, effectiveness and efficiency. For example, despite all businesses emanating to be constantly under intense pressure amid rising complexities, BPM acts a regulatory compliance and helps in streamlining the undertaken business processes. This in turn reduces the cycle period and helps the organizations to perform various tasks much faster (Gosselin, 2009). According to Chaffey (2009), the underpinning technological advancement proffered by BPM software on the other hand facilitates data mobility and communication across all application. The reliability of this software makes the workforce to concentrate on areas where they can affix authenticated value. As a zenith for collective experience in business development, BPM further helps the management to ideally focus on an organization’s clients besides motivating and empowering all business people from all corners to become more successful. In fact, business process managem
Introduction The HCG diet program is one of the latest pop culture trends that has gained mainstream popularity today due to the “positive” results in weight loss and slimming that it supposedly can bring about. The diet consists of an initial 2 day gorging period to increase an individual’s fat and vitamin stores after which it is followed by a 23 to 40 day period wherein an individual’s total calorie consumption drops to 500 calories per day. During these two phases, a person is subject to regular injections (depending on instructions or doctor consultation) of HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) which is a hormone naturally released by pregnant women for fat stores in the body to release their stored energy during pregnancy to aid in fetal development. It is assumed that through a combined regimen of HCG injections and a low-calorie diet an individual will be able to lose one to two pounds a day resulting in a far more slender figure. By the end of the 40 days, an individual slowly increases their calorie intake while stopping further HCG treatments. The positive effects of such a diet program are usually a dramatic loss of weight within a short period and a more shapely appearance. This paper though will examine other aspects of the HCG diet beyond its supposed “positive” results to show both its good and bad effects. The 500 calorie a day Consumption Phase One of the initial steps of the HCG diet program is to reduce an individual’s calorie intake from a recommended 2,500 calories per day to a drastic 500 calorie per day diet program. As the program stipulates, regular injections of the HCG hormone during this particular stage convinces the body to release the stored energy in your fat thus reducing the necessity of external consumption since the body is essentially fueling itself off its stored energy. What the HCG diet program neglects to inform its participants though is the fact that at the same time an individual lowers their calorie intake the body initiates a starvation response which is a naturally self-occurring adaptive mechanism in the body that only occurs during periods of low food consumption. In the past humanity has had to endure all forms of calamities and natural disasters during the early years of its evolution and during these particular times, a widespread famine occurred. The result of such instances was the development of an adaptive biochemical and physiological mechanism that ensures an individual’s self-preservation by burning through the free fatty acids stored within a person’s fat cells. This is the primary process by which the HCG diet is based and is supposedly enhanced through the injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin which further enhances the release of fat. Unfortunately, as seen in the studies of Gatward (2007) while a person can lose weight after undergoing this particular period of calorie restriction they quickly gain back the weight within a short period due to the body still being in its “famine mode” (Gatward, 2007). As an individual’s calorie intake increases the body begins to
It is well-known that China is the most populous country in the world, with its population excessing the number one billion three hundred million people. According to Papagianni and Tziomalos (2018), in the last few decades, China has experienced extraordinary growth in its gross domestic product, as well as prompt economic development, which, unfortunately, were followed by acute demographic problems. However, upon looking into how these problems, alongside other issues related to health care, are handled in China, one is to be pleasantly surprised, since constantly ongoing reforms tend to address the majority of them. Health-policy making in China is difficult in and of itself – moreover, the question of ways to measure the health care system’s effectiveness has no simple answers. According to Papagianni and Tziomalos (2018), health inequalities, socio-economic inequalities, swift epidemiological transition, migration inside the country and the aging population’s growth require various solutions. Attempting to respond to challenges arising, China has embarked on major reforms to make health care services more accessible and affordable. Papagianni and Tziomalos (2018) state that these include the existing system’s modernization – for example, implementation of incentives so that the health care professionals are deployed and retained in rural areas since they are needed there. Moreover, the inclusion of essential medicines in the reimbursement of insurance costs and these medicines’ provisions was implemented, as well as a basic package of public health services. Additionally, subsidies for this package were increased, alongside reimbursement ceilings and annual premiums. There was also extensive work to strengthen insurance schemes for social health. To put it shortly, every effort was and is still made to ensure that any problem that arises is solved. However, there are still issues that need to be tackled more thoroughly. As pointed out by Papagianni and Tziomalos (2018), social and economic changes in China have led to new patterns of nutrition and behavior. As a result, infectious diseases have been replaced by chronic degenerative diseases as the main causes of people’s deaths. Currently, 87 percent of all-cause mortality is attributed to non-communicable diseases (Papagianni and Tziomalos, 2018, p.821). Papagianni and Tziomalos (2018) state that there is a variety of conditions representing the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the Chinese population – one of them is dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is a preventable risk factor – and its prevalence in China is high, while awareness levels, control, and treatment are low (Papagianni and Tziomalos, 2018). Therefore, an effective and evidence-based plan is needed to identify and manage patients with dyslipidemia to improve the situation. Additionally, when it comes to addressing the needs of the elderly population, some
Provided that I am using an informal interview as a research technique, I would have to decrease the sample size because any unstructured interview, which does not involve questionnaires, is always more time-consuming than a survey. Thus, I will be able to interview a small number of respondents. First, I will need to ask them what kind of media they usually use on a daily basis. Secondly, I will need to inquire about their media preferences. In other words, I will ask them what type of media they normally prefer and for what purpose. This will enable me to see the correlation between the type of person and media use. I need to say that this question does not refer to a specific news agency like CNN, BBC or Reuters. I should say that in this context the word media refers to a way or method of communicating information to the public, for example, television, radio, Internet, print etc. An interviewer must say that in this case the term media denotes not only a form of entertainment such as video games, music, or movies. It should be understood as a means of finding and sharing information. The interviewee can misunderstand this qu
One of the most important steps in the process of an organization’s strategic planning is the mission statement. The latter refers to the reason behind the existence of an organization. The mission statement of Starbucks is largely concerned with community involvement and safeguarding the interests of individuals who reside within the locality of the business entity. It is vital for Starbucks to persist with the process of implementing the historic mission and vision statements that have been key towards the growth and development of the company since the 1970s. Core competencies are skills and knowledge that are required to successfully integrate various activities within an organization. Core competences usually attempt to differentiate a company from its competitors especially in terms of delivering value to customers (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). The communication level at Starbucks is a clear indication of how ethics and good business practices can be enhanced within the operations of an organization. For example, by developing the Core Leadership Competencies, Starbucks Coffee Corporation has put itself in a position whereby it can reach out effectively to both its employees and clients (Mello, 2006). The company has managed to put in place core leadership competencies that take care of workplace diversity. In terms of the Partner Network Groups, the company has managed to consult with fellow partners so that it can come up with ideas needed in recruiting and retaining diverse partners. The company has realized that the presence of diversity boosts creativity and also leads to the production of improved products and services. The Supplier Diversity Program that is currently in place is charged with the role of seeking diverse companies that can purchase products. The concept of “lead by example” as described in the core competencies usually entails the stores, neighborhoods, and communities where Starbucks stores call home. As a matter of fact, the company has managed to promote the value of acceptance so that it can serve its stakeholders well. ­­­­­­­­­­ The Human Resources (HR) department at Starbucks Coffee has put in place various specific ways of evaluating and assessing diversity metrics that the company can employ so as to improve processes and advertise acceptance. This implies that the human resource department will require the cooperation and support of the partners so that the much needed information can be tracked down in the most accurate manner. The first recommendation that the company can adopt is to assess the performance of the organization through a climate survey. Secondly, the company can use the ethnicity data from the climate surveys in determining the percentage of minorities who work at Starbucks. Thirdly, tracking the number of equal employment opportunity (EEO) complaints filed alongside the basis of the complaints are integral in ensuring that the company performs at its peak even in the presence of competitors. Furthermore, in-house ecomme
Currently, the US government is trying to improve its image following the shooting of unarmed black boy by a white cop. The incident raises various questions touching on the various theories of public administration. Any civil servant should be imbued to service delivery meaning his or her focus is to provide an enabling environment for individual fulfillment, but not to cause harm to the taxpayers. Some analysts observe that black Americans have never enjoyed their rights and freedoms in the United States because they have historically experienced unprecedented police brutally, which takes the form of harassment, unwarranted arrest, incarceration, and convictions that raises their death rates. The current brutality is perhaps systematic and intentional on the blacks carried out by the criminal justice system in the country. The trend is ongoing and is not expected to end any time soon because of the social structure and the culture that does not value the contributions of minorities and people of color. Labeling is the biggest problem that affects the blacks in the country because they are associated with all forms of crimes, such as mugging, drug-trafficking, kidnapping, raping, money laundering, banditry, smuggling of weapons, and car-jacking (Blau 530). Various theories of public administration, including bureaucratic, transformational leadership, autocratic, and situational leadership suggest that police officers must ensure they follow established rules and regulations in carrying out their activities. The recent incident in which an eighteen year old boy, Michael Brown, was shot in Ferguson, Missouri is an example of police brutality that has always been meted out to innocent Americans. The entire nation rose up to condemn the killing terming it unacceptable and highly regrettable, but analysts claim that it only exposed the problems that blacks have encouraged since independence. The Ferguson town is a no go zone for an ordinary citizen because of the heavy presence of police who are deployed to keep an eye on the activities of the black people. From a Marxist perceptive, the rich and the
The article under analysis called Tribes Aim to Cash in on Casinos focuses on the potential benefits and pitfalls of tribal gaming in terms of economic prosperity, and governmental development of relevant resources (Jost n. p.). Specifically, the author pays attention to the creation of tribal casinos in the reservation areas which differs slightly from gambling facilities in Las Vegas by the décor and interior because most of them are organized in the Native Americana fashion. On the one hand, the tribal gaming is economically and financial beneficial because it contributes to building stronger economy. On the other hand, the government is concerned with further sustainability and profitability of the facilities because of the challenges posed by economic development. Gambling activities among tribal population aim to gain more revenues and generate enough money to employ more people on the reservation. Therefore, Foxwood Resort Casino can improve social and economic welfare of the Indian tribes, as well as economic development of the region in general. Despite the optimistic predictions, the U.S. economy poses significant challenges to the development of casino business. The point is that the success of tribal gambling depends largely on the consumers’ demand, as well as their ability to spend money in such facilities. Therefore, market has a potent impact on the business activities in tribal gaming. Tribal gaming can be relevant for enriching the governmental resources due to the vast expansion of the Casinos in the reservation areas across the United States. Thus, Foxwood Resort Casino can significantly increase the level of entertainment services in general. However, further expansion of the tribal gaming can face challenges in terms of geographic restrictions. Such a situation is largely predetermined by the specificity of entertainment business where wealth of the customers and competition stand at the core of success. In addition, the government is also critical concerning the business activities in reservation area because they often come in disaccord with their requirements and standards. This is among the main shortcomings of tribal gaming. Tribal gaming has strong cultural and ethnic underpinnings because indigenous population receives wider opportunities for becoming more self-sufficient and self-reliance. The entertainment network development promotes more revenues and financial resources for the advancing the economic stability in the district. However, the government often faces constraints because it cannot regulate the Indian gaming. The point is that the majority of gamblers receive no potential revenues from the business activities. Casinos, therefore, cannot be regarded as permanent sources of profitability. As such, although many tribes have expansion strate
Abstract There are three most common forms of taxation. These include the VAT, Flat Tax, and the Progressive Tax. These forms of taxations are different in terms of how they are imposed. They are also differentiated in terms of their impact on the taxpayers. This study gives the difference between these three forms of taxation under these aspects. The study also seeks to address how these forms of taxation relate and the advantages and disadvantages of each form of taxation. Introduction In an attempt to gather its revenue, government can use various types of tax. These may include Value Added Tax (VAT), Progressive Tax, and Flat Tax. Value Added Tax is the form of tax that is charged on goods and services. This is one of the most common sources of the government revenue. Different commodities may be charged differently through the VAT. The more an individual buys, the more VAT he or she pays to the government. However, the Vat is only applicable for the taxable goods. On the other hand, Flat Tax is a form of tax where everyone pays same rate despite of their levels of income. In flat tax, people from all levels of income are charged equally. On the other hand, progressive tax is the form of tax where tax rate varies with income. In progressive tax, those who earn high level of income are charged higher than those earning low income. In other words, tax varies with income. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. Discussion As already noted, VAT tax is a form of tax that is charged on goods and survives. When one buys goods and services, they pay a certain fraction of the value of the commodity as a tax. Some people have argued that the VAT tax is not fair and that it will bear more burdens to one fraction of the society. Christian and Robbins (2009) argued that the majority in the United States of America has feared that the VAT in the country will bear greater burden on the middle. Since VAT is charged on goods and services, it tends to raise the prices of goods and services. This may have negative impacts on the market. For instance, according to the law of demand, the demand is low when the prices are higher. In this case, the VAT tax may reduce the level of aggregate demand in the country. This may have an adverse impact on the economy. Despite of these shortcomings, the VAT remains a very useful source of the government revenue. In America, for instance, VAT plays a pivotal role in funding the free government run medical care as well