ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Inventory can be described as the raw materials, merchandise and finished and finished products alike of a company of which have not yet been sold (Song & Zipkin 2003, p. 1). A company’s inventory represents one of the key assets of a business because the earnings obtained from the inventory signify one of the prime sources of generating revenue and which subsequently brings earnings to the involved management. In other words, they can be considered as the company’s liquid assets that can be converted into cash anytime without any difficulty. Now the inventories of a manufacturing and a service industry are not the same at all, but rather they differ in many ways. For example, in a manufacturing industry, there are many different inventories in between the production stages before the final product is obtained. The time taken between say the raw material processing and the time that the product is semi finished and also the time taken for the final product to be assumed may vary. It may also take quite a while after the product is on the shelves during the retail stage. Thus for a manufacturing industry, there would be a time delay between the production and consumption of the product. On the other hand, in the services industry, there is an immediate consumption of the product once it is produced. This may be reflected in the example of a food court, where the production and consumption of the food and drinks takes place simultaneously (Deshpande, Cohen & Donohue 2003, p. 683; Hoyt 2002, p. 2). Importance of inventory The major importance of inventory of goods and services is that it helps a company to produce the goods and services only when needed and required. This is because the having an inventory by a company for a long duration of time can be very costly for it, due to storage, spoilage, and obsolescence costs (Gravelle & Rees 2004, p. 5; ). On the other hand, having a very minute inventory can also be risky to the company as it stands to lose potential market share and sales as well (Dale 2003, p. 5). Invent
Abstract The present paper has discussed some of the most salient components related to my career plan and how my career planning process will assist me to transition from the position of a First Major to that of Sergeant Major (SGM) within the next five years of military service. The components discussed in the paper include matching my skills and abilities with the preferred occupation of SGM, matching my work styles and values with the position of SGM, establishing the viability of remuneration package and the occupation’s growth outlook, identifying gaps and ways that could be used to address them, as well as identifying the barriers that I am likely to confront in my career journey and their possible solutions. The main findings of this career plan are instrumental in demonstrating that an excellent fit between the demands of a Sergeant Major and my work styles and values can be associated with low turnover, high job satisfaction, and high productivity. The paper has also served to match my desired occupation with my work styles and values. The results demonstrate that I stand a chance to become a Sergeant Major in the short-to-middle term if I work on the gaps identified and address the barriers noted. Career Plan Introduction Career planning and development has been identified as a lifelong process that attempts to focus on making choices with the view to assisting professionals to manage their work and personal life (Webb, Repetto, Seabrooks-Blackmore, Patterson, & Alderfer, 2014). Available literature demonstrates that career planning can assist professionals to prepare to enter the workforce, plan for education, and deal with shifting workplace demands (Lent, 2013). An effective career plan, according to these authors, can also assist people to anticipate trends or changes within the work environment, upgrade or maintain their skills, and plan for career advancement. The present paper uses several sites (e.g., LiveCareer, O*NET OnLine, and Army Study Guide) to discuss important components of a career plan for the position of Sergeant Major (SGM) in the United States military. Occupations matching Personal Skills and Tasks Interest Although the occupation of SGM is not described in the O*NET OnLine website, some of the occupations that match my skills and are described in the website include psychiatrists, mediators and conciliators, chief executives, police supervisors, human resource managers, and sheriffs. Most of these occupations employ the skills of coordin
Overview of Project The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a leading country in the Gulf region in terms of technological development and innovation (Pathrose 2016). Many spheres, such as economy, technology, and science, have already been improved. However, there is one area that has not received sufficient attention and development – healthcare. While this sphere is of utmost importance for all citizens, the government does not pay enough care to its enhancement and does not implement much innovation in it. Research in the sphere of healthcare innovations is crucial because it will answer any questions about the gaps in this sphere and will provide possible solutions to making the situation better. The major investments for a competitive advantage in healthcare are technological innovations (Alsadan et al. 2015). Also, the modernization of educating medical staff is necessary to reach better outcomes (Ibrahim, Al Tatari & Holmboe 2015). The analysis of the issue will be performed at the macrolevel. It is necessary to investigate the problem at the national level since healthcare concerns all people living in the country. The research problem is insufficient attention to healthcare innovations in the UAE and the ways of improving the current situation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the existing innovative methods in the system of healthcare and identify the areas that require more attention. Theory and Hypotheses Innovations in healthcare will be discussed in a macrolevel dimension. The theoretical perspective used for the project will be deductive reasoning. A review of journal articles and secondary literature and a survey of the opinions of UAE citizens are expected to demonstrate the level of innovation in healthcare as well as people’s opinions about the current situation. Research questions will be focused on the following issues:   * what innovations have been implemented in healthcare recently?   * what reforms are planned by the government to improve the healthcare system?   * what do citizens expect from the innovations? The working hypothesis is, “Healthcare system of the UAE is currently not sufficiently strengthened by modern technology and innovative approaches.” Research Methodology In addition to a literature review, an interview (qualitative) and a questionnaire (qualitative) will be developed for use with randomly selected citizens of the UAE. For this study, communication with 50 people aged 22-45 years will be performed to ask them questions about the quality of healthcare in the region. The questionnaire will consist of open-ended and closed-ended questions. Analysis of Results and Limitations Content analysis and descriptive statistics will be used to discuss the results of the research. The results will be introduced in specially developed graphs and tables. The major limitation of the study will probably be a small sample size. Contributions a
The evolution of relationships between physicians and hospitals is of the recent development in the healthcare industry (Cuellara and Gertlerb). There are different options to choose for the integration of physicians and hospitals (Benoff and Grauman). However, physician integration by employing them has not been considered as an effective strategy (Bolinger). The financial viability of a healthcare organization depends on effective physician-hospital integration (Tompkins and Francoeur). There are four different physician-hospital integration models developed in the recent past. They are  1. Physician Hospital Organization (PHO),  2. Management Services Organization (MSO),  3. Foundation and  4. Integrated Health Organization (IHO). Physician Hospital Organization (PHO) This model represents a joint venture relationship formed between one or more hospitals and a number of physicians. The entity acts to represent the hospitals and the physicians as the common front for dealing with the payers for contracting into the services of the hospitals and physicians. In some instances, PHO acts as an administrative service provider, vouching for the credentials of the physicians and controlling their engagements. The specialty of the PHO model is that while the organization is involved in aligning the services of hospitals and physicians, it also retains its autonomy for dealing with third parties. The advantage of PHO is that both the hospitals and physicians in this form of integration model can enjoy better bargaining abilities. It will be a good product offering for purchasers looking for bundled services. “To be seen as cost-effective by purchasers, the PHO must have active utilization management, sophisticated information systems, and intensive involvement of physicians in developing standards of care” (Burns). Management Services Organization (MSO) A management services organization in contrast to the PHO is a corporation formed either as a separate entity owned by a hospital or by a PHO itself. The objective of forming an MSO is to provide management services as may be required by one or more medical services. It is an organization promoted for planning jointly and making decisions as a framework for the medical practices it serves. MSO usually employs the required non-physician staff. The main function of an MSO is to provide administrative services to the PHOs or to the hospital collecting flat fees for the services. Tangible assets like building and medical equipment are owned by MSO, which facilitates the physicians’ practice. The advantage of this model is that it has greater coordination between the physicians and hospitals, but provides more valuable service to the physicians. Under an MSO model, the physicians and owners of the MSO share the risk of practice (Burns). Choice of Model Of these two models, MSO appears to be a better model as it works to the advantage of the physicians as they can have more autonomy and discretion in the matter of fee fixation. The administrative side
Current Marketing Situation Current marketing situation is characterized by rising demand for the microchip particularly in the medical industry. The demand for the product is exponential given a statistical demand analysis for the product. However, it’s worth noting that most of the products are produced by well positioned companies in the market and the ability to penetrate the market may be met with such intense rivalry that it may be difficult to penetrate the market (Douglas, & Craig, 2007). A responsive marketing analysis reveals that a number of patients who see the use of the microchip as an option in treating their ailments constitute the greatest percentage. That implies demand is directly related to the number of patients in need of the microchip. In addition to that, an analytical evaluation of the marketing situation reveals that anticipated demand is on the rise. That is strongly correlated to the modern day living conditions and medical predicaments many people encounter due to rising levels of diseases associated with the living style of many people. Hypothetically, modern day living and lifestyle bears a strong relationship to the development of a number of medical complications in many people today. However, a critical evaluation of the market situation indicates without doubt that the concept of need shaping market has not yet held ground or anywhere near in the same market or industry (Granzin & Painter, 2001). Therefore, the need to conduct a market driven analysis to identify customer needs and expectations and to tailor the product towards their needs and application in diverse areas is of vital importance. A market driven analysis not only enable the Microchip Company to tailor its products towards customer needs, but will enable the company identify points in need of improvements and wider areas of application for the MC microchip (Insch & McBride, 2004). Further analysis of the marketing situation reveals that the production cost of the microchip has to be evacuated to determine the most cost effective strategy to employ in manufacturing the chip. Each of the production steps consumes skill, time, labor, and materials which accumulate to the cost of production of the device. If the cost of production goes too high, the production methods may be tagged as costly and inefficient hence the final cost of the product may be too high. The manufacturing company may not eventually benefit and may be in danger of losing business due to the fact that customers can opt for cheaper products with similar features (Cutura, 2006). According to the market survey and analysis, it is worth noting that pro
Basic Human Processes Coping with Organizational Life: Emotions and Stress Sometimes it is difficult to achieve something in this world – a world which is simply called a global village. Actually the phrase global village is an oxymoron. It is nicknamed ‘village’ because it has been made simple by computers, the internet, and the globalized world – we are connected. But in this so-called simplicity, humans have to live in a most complicated way. Computers have made our lives complicated, if not miserable. We have to cope, adjust, and change day in and day out with our organizational life. There are many things to cope with; change is one of them. And it is complicated because one phenomenon appears after another, and so on and so forth. Most of us belong to an organization, which maybe a particular business, or a group with humanitarian goals. Many of the people who started these organizations would say that they formed the groups to make life easier and to make the world a better place to live in. But we know that these organizations have complicated goals, beginnings, and outcomes. They haven’t made life a better place to live. They have made our lives difficult, although there is an exception to some. There are organizations out there which have noble intentions, although (again this word) these organizations are victims themselves of the changes brought about by many factors. An organization with a business background and objective – or simply said, a business organization – can never offer simple lives for its members. This complicated world of the managers, employees and ordinary workers makes life so harsh, difficult and uncompromising. We have to cope because global organizations operate in a most complicated way, not to mention that organizations are composed of peoples of diverse cultures. Multinational corporations and multinational enterprises are global organizations composed of people of diverse cultures. Living with peoples of different cultures can make the lives of ordinary employees, and even managers, very unbalanced. Work and life balance is difficult to achieve. We have to cope, adjust and modify our lives through these experiences. Our emotions, feelings, personal lives have never been so affected by organizational activities that we tend to look at the office or the organization headquarters as our home away from home. We spend and dedicate our time, efforts, and knowledge to the organization. We look at the office as more than a place. Family life plays second fiddle. We believe that if we are happy in the organization, we are happy at home. The organization comes first. Moreover, the organization’s strategic operation is very different than it was a few years ago. Employees have to give up, sometimes. Businesses and organizations are manned or controlled by humans, not
Introduction In the modern world, humanity is increasingly concerned about the issue of global climate change on Earth. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, people began to observe sharp warming. The number of winters with very low temperatures has decreased significantly, and the average surface air temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (Zhong 482). Climate was naturally changing over millions of years, but nowadays, these processes are much faster. It worth mentioning that global climate change can lead to dangerous consequences for humanity. This essay considers factors, which provoke climate change, its effects, and several measures, which are vital to be taken to prevent worsening the situation. Causes of Climate Change Climate change implies the difference in the Earth’s global climate over time. The natural causes of climate change are shifts in the planetary orbit, changes in the geomagnetic field, movements of continental and oceanic plates, and volcanic eruptions. Throughout the history of the planet, they have influenced the climate, contributed to its cyclic fluctuations, called ice ages and interglacial periods. However, anthropogenic causes, which are associated with human activity, are added to the natural ones at this stage of existence of the planet (Nuttal, and Crate 10). The main reason for climate change in the 21st century is the greenhouse effect, the impact of which is eight times more intensive than the impact of solar radiation. The greenhouse effect refers to the process when gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat. In other words, the atmosphere plays the role of an impermeable film, and the Earth can be compared to a huge greenhouse. Solar radiation passes through the Earth’s atmosphere and heats the surface, but the heat emanating from the heated surface of the planet, cannot go into space, and remains in the atmospheric layers. The reason for this phenomenon is the accumulation in the atmosphere because of anthropogenic activity of gases; that is why these gases are called greenhouse gases. The anthropogenic factor contributing to the increased level of greenhouse gases involve different kinds of human activity. Firstly, it is the use of combustible minerals in industry, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, the combustion of which releases a vast amount of carbon dioxide and other harmful compounds into the atmosphere. Secondly, transport represents a huge problem as cars and trucks emit exhaust gases that pollute the air and increase the greenhouse effect. More than that, humanity encountered the threat of deforestation, as the amount of carbon dioxide in the a
Introduction China and Japan have established themselves as the most significant players in East Asian affairs. The two nations have the most developed economies in the region and both of their political systems are well established. In spite of the differences in government system, Japan and China have had an empire system at some point in their history. However, this system of governance has faced marked changes in both countries. While the Japan government continues to have a constitutional monarchy who is mostly a symbolic leader with no real political power, the empire system was completely abolished in China. The current success of both nations can be attributed to the political systems adopted by each country. With this in mind, this paper will provide an analytical comparison of the shift from an empire system by both Japan and China. Analytical Comparison Both China and Japan had a well-established emperor system until the 20 th century. The emperor system existed for centuries and played a crucial role in the affairs of the country. Emperors were the supreme rulers who acted as the unifying forces for the nations. Qingde (2003) documents that the complete establishment of the imperial system in China appeared in 221 BCE with the establishment of the Qin Dynasty. The imperial system of the Qin Dynasty was able to unify the warring states and build a strong and centralized nation that had the emperor as its core. A dictatorship of highest imperial power and the establishment of a mobile elite political structure characterized this system. Due to centralization, private ownership of land was directly under the control of the state. Through land privatization and the designation of the individual family as a production unity, the Chinese imperial system served as the basis for the economic survival of the entire state. In its formative years, the imperial system in China faced contention from multiple groups including independent regimes by warlords and dominance by scholar officials. This caused the monarchy to use every means possible to maintain their hold on power and control their subjects. Qingde (2003) reveals that rulers pursued absolute power, which could only be achieved by crushing any opposing power. In addition to this, the power of the common people was weakened in order to enhance the absolute power of the emperor. Japan imperialism was borrowed from the older Chinese system in 660 BC. In the early years, the Japan emperor was a religious leader and the position of emperor was integral to the country’s harmony since the emperor was the symbol of unity and continuity (Ohnuki-Tierney, 1998). Over the centuries, Japan faced many political upheavals and civil wars that greatly disrupted the growth of the country. Interestingly, the emperor’s position remained undamaged with the warring factions always protected this largely symbolic leader. By the 8th century, the Imperial System was at its peak and the Emperor enjoyed the support of all his subje
Introduction The United Arabs Emirates (hereafter referred to as the UAE) was formed in 1971 as a result of a merger by seven states which included Abu Dhabi, Ash Shariqah, Al Fujayrah, Abu Zaby, ‘Ajman, Umm al Qaywayn and Dubayy (Index Mundi para. 1). Abu Dhabi is the capital city of the UAE. Over the past few decades, the UAE has undergone a significant economic transformation. Some of the factors which have contributed to the country’s economic growth over the past 3 decades relate to availability of sufficient oil resource and global finance (Index Mundi para. 1). During the 21 st century, the UAE’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is ranked at par with those of the leading West European countries. However, during the period ranging from 2008 to 2009, the country’s economic growth was adversely affected as a result of the collapse in real estate prices and the decline in oil prices. This situation forced a number of activists to petition the government to undertake a greater political responsibility. Over the years, the UAE has continuously adopted a moderate foreign policy stance which has enabled it to play a significant role in the economic transformation of the gulf region (Central Intelligence Agency para. 1). This paper is aimed at conducting an analysis of the UAE’s economy on the basis of various components such as its demographics, language, currency, political system, and predominant industries. The paper also analyzes the UAE’s economy on the basis of various economic factors such as nominal GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment and budget deficit. A description of the behavior of these economic indicators for a period of 20 years is also conducted. The paper also entails a historical analysis of the relationship between real GDP and labor productivity, real economic growth and labor productivity, real GDP and unemployment. A historical analysis of the relationship between inflation and real economic growth, inflation and money supply growth and unemployment and money supply growth is also conducted. Finally, the paper gives the relationship between the accounts in the balance of payments, average interest rates and the government budget balance. Demographics The UAE’s society is relatively cosmopolitan which is evidenced by the composition of its population. Approximately 19% of the country’s population are Emirati while 50% are South Asian and 23% are Iranians and Arabs. The remaining 8% of th