ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Graffiti is one of the most prevalent social interaction problems in the United States today. It is a form of vandalism and a crime. Some people consider graffiti as an art. However, art is done with the property owner’s permission. Graffiti is a complex social interaction problem that costs a lot of money in cleaning and damages private and public property. If graffiti writing is allowed to continue, it will encourage more vandalism and disorder and this will lead to more serious crimes such as homicide, assaults, burglary, rape, and vehicle theft. Graffiti is considered a crime and anyone found guilty is prosecuted (Arrington 67). People write graffiti for various reasons. Some people use it as an expression of art. However, graffiti is vandalism and requires the authorization of the property owner. Others use graffiti for tagging. The writer draws or writes a representation of their names in order to get attention. Gang members also use graffiti to communicate with each other. They can use graffiti to mark their territory or promote their illegal activities like selling drugs. Others write graffiti to communicate their opinions about other people. Most of these remarks are directed to a particular individual or organization and can either be insulting or giving praise to that person. Some people see graffiti as the only way to convey their feelings and express themselves (Rahn 204). Graffiti has several negative impacts on the community’s environmental, social, and economic sectors. People have negative perceptions about the safety of neighborhoods with a lot of graffiti and therefore it lessens the community’s social interaction. Moreover, graffiti reduces the value of properties and costs the citizens a lot of money in cleaning it up. Graffiti also impacts negatively on businesses and tourism. People are reluctant to go to places where there is a lot of graffiti as they do not feel safe. Graffiti destroys property including historical monuments. Graffiti can also compromise the safety of road users when written on traffic signs, thus blocking out the message. Some surfaces absorb the paint used to write graffiti and therefore become permanently damaged. Others can get damaged during the cleaning process (Arrington 67). Fighting graffiti can only be successful if the entire community is engaged. Citizens can help reduce the problem of graffiti by reporting the cases they witness to the police so that the perpetrators can be prosecuted. Graffiti can also be prevented by lighting up streets and installing surveillance cameras to scare away the perpetrators. Parents can also help in identifying if their children are taggers because mostly they will have graffiti in their rooms, shoes, and other belongings. They also write graffiti on books. Possession of spray paint is also another sign. Before removing the graffiti, the citizens ar
Introduction The creation and opening of a new health business in Greenville, South Carolina will be an involving process for both the management and the community. By opening a clinic, as a renowned administrator, my duty will be to determine the various units to be incorporated, design a contract structure for inclusion of medical staff and specialists and assess the prospects of the realization of profits by the facility. In this project, I will be required to identify the medical needs of Greenville by identifying with the people of South Carolina. I will come up with a framework that will address the needs of the departments of dermatology, cardiovascular, pulmonary, surgery, gynecology and gastroenterology. In this exclusive clinic, I will prioritize the procurement of specialists in the respective departments. The physicians will be required to treat and perform tests on various cases under their dockets. Consultation services will be provided and evaluation of the patients’ progress will be highly prioritized. Incorporation of the various units The clinic will incorporate units like dermatology, gynecology, cardiovascular, respiratory, surgery and gastroenterology. The dermatology unit will employ specialists in skin and skin disorders. The unit will be responsible for diagnosing, treating and providing consultations on skin related cases. Drugs and medicines will be provided as the unit will perform its roles independently. The dermatologist will be required to perform various tests on common and emerging skin conditions. Better preservation and skin protection services will be provided. Cases of facelifts and plastic surgery will also be addressed. A mechanism will be formulated to ensure that the cost of skin care is cost-effective and desirable to the clients. This aspect will also provide a program that provides basic information on skin care and complications. The advantage of this particular unit is that it will provide easy and available information on the skin, cost effective services, expert-based consultations and efficient facilities. However, the unit will be expected to handle challenges related to the poor skin performance of specific clients, complications during plastic surgery and other skin procedures like facelifts and high cost of therapy like chemotherapy for skin cancer. The gynecology unit will be another important section within the clinic that will facilitate for all gynecological health matters especially among the women. The gynecologist will be employed to perform diagnosis, treatment and consultation s
Abstract This paper presents a summary of psychological stress and describes early intervention approaches for working with traumatized victims of critical incidents. This paper relates to the response to a fiery inferno in a hypothetical setup that has left many people homeless, injured, and claimed some lives. Many studies have shown that crisis intervention programs that incorporate psychiatric emergencies always have positive results. Introduction Crisis refers to significant risks to an operation that can have adverse effects if not taken care of. A crisis normally causes a threat to public safety, financial losses, and damage to reputation (Cornall, 2005, p.7). A crisis can also be defined as a severe emotional reaction to a very strong stimulus or demand. Core characteristics of crisis, in this case, are a disturbance of the balance between thinking and emotions, failure of coping mechanisms, and empirical evidence of destruction/injury to an individual(s) (Cornall, 2005, p.8). Crisis Description Description of the amount of damage and what caused it Imagine a case where a power surge has led to one of the worst fire infernos in the slums in one of the countries in Africa. Nearly 90% of the houses in these slums are normally light wooden structures with roofs covered with iron sheets. In addition, more than 70% of the electricity used in these houses is normally stolen electricity fixed by unscrupulous dealers, thus exposing more than 1 million people living in these slums to high risks of electrocution and other electric hazards. The fire caused by the power surge in these slums spreads faster like wildfire affecting more than 500 thousand people and destroying over 100 thousand houses. To make it even worse, the slum is also very congested with very little space for the firefighters and rescuers. Visualize these low-income workers coming home from their workplaces to find the place they once call home totally consumed by fire which has also claimed the lives of more than 200 people with a majority of the survivors sustaining over 80% burn. More th
Debates about coffee exist since Hortons and Starbucks, the two major coffee joints, were launched. Both Hortons and Starbucks have some similar features and the common feature is that they both serve coffee and donuts. Hortons and Starbucks serve more coffee than any other product. Certainly, Starbucks is much more famous than Tim Hortons since it provides quality products, free internet access, and various samples for its customers to try. It has popularized itself in social networks such as Facebook and Twitter (Walsh, 2010). Starbucks is using different approaches to cope with current competitive settings and provides quality products which satisfy its customers. Services of Starbucks and Hortons Starbucks provides quality products which most customers have appreciated despite their prices. Customers who sign up for Starbucks become members of Starbucks rewards, their balances are protected if their cards are stolen or misplaced, and obtain gifts on their birthdays. These are not the only benefits customers receive from Starbucks which have made it more popular than Hortons. Starbucks has made history by becoming the first company to obtain ten million fans on Facebook, social networking site. They are ahead of Coca-Cola by more than three million fans. Starbucks has participated in supporting organization like Starbucks China Education Project and China Soong Ching Ling Foundation. They donated US$6.75 million to support projects intended at supporting teachers and children in rural regions of China (QSR, 2012). Starbucks also donated US$800,000 to the China Women Development Foundation that was initiated to help projects which are intended at supporting Chinese women receive access to essential services like safe drinking water (QSR, 2012). Prices One thing which mostly differentiates the two is their prices, where Hortons is much cheaper than Starbucks. Tim Hortons is less expensive and favors workers coming from small businesses. Most people consider that Hortons is involved in unfair trade and this makes their products cheaper than Starbucks. Farmers who sell their products to Hortons are paid low prices. However, Starbucks ensure that these farmers are paid correct amount of money for their products they supply to Starbucks. Most people consider that Starbucks provide quality products to their customers compared to Hortons. Starbucks alters their drinks precisely the way they want it, while Hortons often add flavor substances to their dri
Is authoritarianism fundamentally impermanent? Authoritarianism is a form of governmental rule in which the subjects are expected to be submissive. This type of government has been rather common in the Middle East and larger Asia. In such a form of government, citizens are denied their freedom of expression as well as their freedom to act. Moreover, authority in such systems is given only to the leader or the few elites in the society. The small group of elites or the leader is not held accountable to the people. Authoritarian leaders, as will be seen in the cases to be examined, are allowed to manipulate their power arbitrarily. This form of rule is the exact divergence of democracy. At the beginning of this century, there have been numerous revolutions as people rebel against the authoritarian rule in most nations. I believe that authoritarianism is practically impermanent. One ideal illustration is the termination of China’s authoritarian government. China has always been under the leadership of CPP. It is what most people would refer to as a one-party nation. There is the notion that it is much easier to handle matters
Introduction The case study on the organizational structure of the Illinois shoe corporation is related to the adaptation of the structure to the up-to-date market situation, taking into account the occurred difficulties in the structure originated by the conflict within the employees. Essential structural modifications occurs, for instance, when an organization modifies its overall tactics for success, adds or takes off a key section or practice, and wishes to change the very origin by which it works. It also happens when a corporation evolves through a variety of life sequences, just like people must effectively advance through life cycles. For institutes to develop, they often must undergo considerable change at various tips in their enhancement. That’s why the topic of managerial change and enhancement has become extensive in contacts about business, organizations, headship and supervision. Recommendations As a matter of fact, Freeman, according to the description of the situation, seems absolutely useless team-member. Taking into account the given scheme, it is necessary to mention, that the post of a statistician can be combined by the order clerk Ferguson, or additional obligations could be imposed on Freeman, as the issues of statistics may be successfully solved by Information technologies. Anyway, It department is an essential part of any organization, that is why, this point should be included in the organizational changes. The design department is unjustifiably extended. The rank of controller is unnecessary, as if the department works effectively, his work is not required; if it does not – controller will not solve the problem of efficiency, as it would become the matter of staff office. And the obligations of control may be performed either by styling manager, or by the whole company jointly (it is meant, that if the design department works efficiently, the sales, and the cooperation with the clients will increase, and vice versa). Thus, two jobs may be shortened without any serious consequences, and additional department should be added. The fact is that, inspite of seeming uselessness, IT acts one of the key roles in the team work of any corporation: its functions are the following:   * Internet promotion   * Software development (as it has been pointed above – for statistic accounting, for instance)   * System administration After the reorganization of structure – the chart will look the following The hierarchy which is depicted below would stay without any changes. Comments that could be made on the scheme are described above, but it would be necessary to add, that director of e-commerce will directly cooperate with the IT department, especially, if the documentation and statistics stockpiling is imposed on it. Another important factor is the staff office. It should be engaged with the quality control, or just cooperate with the quality control department. But this way, the staff of the company would be really unjustifiably huge. Staff office here is referred as the key HR institution, and it is meant
Executive Summary E-Sport has been in existence for about half-century but it is not widely understood compared with other sports. Many people and some governments still consider it a form of gambling instead of sporting activity. As such, it has not experienced massive acceptance and popularity as stakeholders would prefer. In this paper, the focus of the researcher was to determine the strategic direction for e-sports in terms of planning major regional and global tournaments. It is evident from the investigation that the majority of the participants in e-sports are aged from 18 to 34. The study also shows that 85% of these viewers are male while 15% of them are female. The growth of this sport has been impeded by the lack of proper understanding within the global community. As such, it has not only failed to get the support of some governments but also corporate sponsors. The report recommends that stakeholders should organize massive awareness campaigns on mass media platforms. It is also necessary to have national, regional, and international councils to coordinate and control activities in esports. These steps will help in developing proper plans for major regional and global esports tournaments. Introduction Background of the Study E-sports has been gaining rapid popularity over the past decade because of the technological advancements in the field of information and communication. Pedraza-Ramirez (2020) defines e-sports as a form of competition that takes place virtually through video games. The players do not need to interact physically because of the virtual nature of the competition. The first recorded e-sports competition took place on October 19, 1972, when some students at Stanford University organized the first Intergalactic Space-war Olympics at the school’s artificial intelligence laboratory (Salo, 2017). The winner of that tournament received recognition from fellow students and a year’s subscription to the prestigious Rolling Stone magazine. At that time, most of the audience to the tournament were fellow students and a few sponsors who were interested in promoting virtual gaming. The event was a success, but it was not given a lot of emphasis at that time. Many sports enthusiasts still preferred the physical game where players had to meet in a physical arena. As such, the growth of the game was relatively slow in some parts of the world, especially in the United States where it started. However, the game has received recognition from various governments in Asia and parts of Europe. Professional players are emerging as this firm of sport becomes increasingly popular in some parts of the world. Chaloner (2020) explains that some of the most popular genres of e-sports include multiple player online battle arena,
Definition A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is a type of investment that is similar to bonds. Its value is secured by pooling several mortgages, which are then sold to investors (Mishkin & Eakins, 2012). The security is a derivative element. The reason is that its value is tied to that of another asset. The investor does not pay for the actual mortgage. On the contrary, they are paid on the basis of the pooled returns over time. The principal and interest from the mortgage pay for the principal and interest of the MBS (The Bond Market Association [BMA], 2002). Why MBS are Used The primary objective of this security is to help people own houses. The plan was introduced in 1968 (BMA, 2002). The introduction of MBS allowed other financial institutions to venture into the risky mortgage business (BMA, 2002). Before its introduction, only banks had the ability to offer long-term credits to purchase houses. According to Mishkin (2001), MBS also ensured that lenders got their money right away. It also protected them if the owners defaulted on their payments. Types of Mortgage-Backed Securities Pass-through It is the most basic type of MBS. It is also called participation certificates. The mortgage payments collected are passed to the investors (BMA, 2002). It is further categorized into residential and commercial MBS. The former is backed by residential property while the latter is secured by commercial assets. Collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO) It is a complicated form of MBS (Mishkin & Eakins, 2012). Unlike the pass-through, CMO is made up of many securities called tranches . Each tranch operates independently. As such, there are different cash flow patterns (Mishkin & Eakins, 2012). Financial Crisis and Decline of Economic Activities A financial crisis can either be systematic or non-systematic. The former affects the entire financial system while the latter only involves a few markets (Mishkin, 2001). An economic crisis is associated with a series of events. The sequence is analyzed below. Financial Crisis – Sequence of Events The figure below illustrates the sequence of events associated with a financial crisis: Figure 1: Development of a financial crisis Source: Mishkin and Eakins (2012) Initiation It is the stage where the financial crisis is triggered. It can be caused by a combination of many factors. One of them is mismanagement of economic liberalization. Liberalization helps the economy by promoting financial development. A credit boom can occur where institutions len
Introduction The impact of the Iranian revolution cannot be underrated as it has not only influenced Iran and the Middle East as a whole but also had a great impact on the Western world and its leaders. Although the revolution itself happened in the year 1979, the events that happened several years earlier were of utter importance as well. Analysis The regime of Muhammad Reza Shah became more powerful in 1975 and tried to gain more control over the political groups that stayed more or less independent of the government. The religious establishment in Iran was also attacked; the Shah also replaced the Islamic calendar, which could not go unnoticed by the public. The real problem of the government was its inefficient economic management. While the Shah’s family enjoyed the luxury that was illegally financed by the national wealth, representatives of the urban middle classes were hit by inflation and feared for their economic livelihood. The Shah’s dependence on the West was also discouraged by many members of society. Slowly, the opposition began to form: it consisted of Westernized urban professionals, students from secular universities and theological seminaries, and bazaar merchants. Their views based on the ideologies and beliefs of prominent oppositionists, such as Mehdi Bazargan and Ali Shariati. Another wing of protesters existed whose views were influenced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. According to him, an Islamic state, controlled by the ulama, should have been created instead of a monarchy. His activism was based on religion, and he believed that the government ruled by the laws of Islam as possible. His ideas gained more support as the revolution approached. One of his key statements addressed the Shah’s subordinate position to the West; he did not approve the Westernized, secular Iran that the government had created. In 1978, the revolution took its shape. What began as a movement, ended as a revolution after the Shah had decided to pressure the protesters with brutal force. The protests continued, but during the next two participants were killed. On February 18, 1978, another set of demonstrations took place. Although they were peaceful, 100 protesters were killed in Tabriz where the government sent army forces to break up the demonstrations. Other demonstrations that followed brought more deaths. In summer 1978, the government had implemented a new economic policy that led to unemployment among urban workers who eventually joined the protests. Street demonstrations were banned; however, on September 8 of the same year, other protests in Tehran took place. This time, hundreds of people died. Anti-regime protests continued during the ritual mourning of Imam Husayn. On this day, 700 hundred protesters were killed. Nevertheless, the protests continued and soon two million people took part in them on December 2. On February 1, Khomeini returned to Iran where the crowd of protesters met him with joy. Shapour Bakhtiar suggested his candidature, but Khomeini declared that it would be illegal. Hence, Shapour Bakhtiar was denounced by the Freed