ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction   * The proposed project is intended to explore the prevention of infections and complications associated with Foley catheter use in surgical patients.   * This presentation provides a description of the change strategies that will be used to ensure the success of the proposed practice intervention.   * This is line with the observation made by Melnyk and Fine-Overholt (2015) that underscores the need for nursing professionals to use change strategies and change theories to inform evidence-based practice (EBP).   * It is believed that this presentation will provide deep insights on how the proposed practice change will be implemented using the described theories and Lean principles.   * It is important to note that the proposed project was conceptualized against a backdrop of increasing number of surgical patients who develop infections and complications upon exposure to catheterization. Problem Description The problem relates to the increased number of severe complications that occur due to the usage of the Foley catheter in surgical settings. Available scholarship demonstrates that improper usage of the Foley catheter can cause infection and further complications that, in turn, negatively affect patient safety and quality care outcomes (Fink et al., 2012). Some of the complications associated with the use of Foley catheters include encrustation, blockage that causes painful distension of the bladder, and infection by urease-producing bacteria that colonize the catheter. It is also evident that, “if blocked catheters are not identified and changed, serious symptomatic episodes of pyelonephritis, septicaemia, and endotoxic shock can result” (Stickler, 2014, p. 120). Research has also found that patients using catheters in their treatment processes are more vulnerable to infections and complications since “the catheter undermines the defense systems that protect the normal bladder against infection” (Stickler, 2014, p. 120). Nursing professionals who are ill-educated to insert Foley catheters often expose the patients to several complications, such as urethral damage, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, hematuria and false passages (Fink et al., 2012). Improper insertion, removal, and care of Foley catheters are often associated with “high incidence of urinary tract infection, mortality rates associated with the complication of urosepsis, and costs to health services in managing complications in patients undergoing long-term catheterization” (Stickler, 2014, p. 127). Understanding how the Foley Catheter is Prone to Infections and Complications   * “The regular mechanical filling and emptying of the normal bladder helps to ensure that any bacteria managing to contaminate the urethra or bladder are washed out from the urinary tract” (Stickler, 2014, p. 120).   * “With the Foley catheter in place, on continuous drainage into a urine collection bag, the bladder does not fill and the retention balloon ensures that a sump of residual urine is maintained below the level of the drainage eye-holes at the catheter tip” (Stickler, 2014, p. 120).   * “As urine then trickles through the catheter rather than flushing the uret
Gale Rubins article is about a radical approach to understanding the politics of sex. Her opinion and ideas on how policymakers and the general public must come to understand sex is welcome news for those who belong to the minority when it comes to sexual orientation. She also seem to support those whose sexual practices are currently considered as illegal, unlawful, and unnatural. Rubins asserted that by creating laws that benefit a particular group of individuals and punishing a few segments of society means that sex is no longer a simple topic that must be relegated to politicians and religious leaders. She believes that it is time to rethink how the world understands sexuality and she is hoping that in the future people will have a more enlightened view regarding the topic. The author firmly believed that like gender, sex is political (Rubins 171). She explained this theoretical framework when she wrote that there is a system that exists within society that is selective when it comes to punishment and rewards when it comes to sexual behavior (Rubins 171). She added that the legal mechanisms in place is a is a broken mechanism that desperately wanted to block the path of progressive thinking (Rubins 171). She gave examples such as the possibility that a person can be imprisoned by simply carrying a picture of a nude friend. She also cited laws that can be used to harass homosexuals and lesbians. Her goals were clearly to provoke people to question and protest against what she called as harsh laws (Rubins 157). It is understandable why Rubins reacted this way. It can be argued that she favored homosexual and lesbian relationships. However, the theoretical framework that she presented was vague and there were no limitations given with regards to the freedom that she wanted people to enjoy. For example she criticized the kind of power that the American Psychiatric Association (APA) wielded when it comes to their capability to dictate sexual norms. She said that it was a significant breakthrough that the APA dropped homosexuality in their list of mental disorders. She was probably correct with this one however she said something that suddenly created confusion and possibly weakened her position because immediately after that statement she asserted that the APA must also change their minds when it comes to fetishism, sadism, masochism, transsexuality, transvestism, exhibitionism, voyeurism, and even pedophilia
Addressed to Parents Involved in the Child Welfare System Hello, dear friends, I am very glad to see you here today. I am especially happy because I think that we can be regarded as colleagues, which makes such gatherings particularly important. We can share our perspectives and experiences and help each other to communicate, which should improve the results of our collaboration. These results, as you must know, involve better care for children, their improved health, their empowerment, and, eventually, their happiness. I am here today to present you the perspective of a Child and Youth Worker, and I would like to provide you with a brief overview of our beliefs, values, and principles, which make up our professional identity. The very first principle that every CYC worker is expected to bear in mind is the fact that our care is client-centered. We always search for the means of taking into account the personality of a child, which means that our care must be personalized. We need to consider the strengths, vulnerabilities, wishes, fears, hopes, and inspirations of every particular child or youth when planning and implementing the care and searching for the means to empower them. Each child is unique, which may be a cliché for anyone else, but not for a CYC worker; for us, it is a key principle of our work. Similarly, the environment of the children and their response to it contributes to children’s unique needs, and they also should be considered. In this respect, I think that our collaboration with the parent is particularly important. Few people can know a child better than their parents or guardians, and few people can contribute as much to the personalization of care as, well, you. At the same time, CYC workers often operate the term “normalization,” which corresponds to the idea of ensuring the healthy development of children. If you think about it, there is no real contradiction between the two principles: surely, children develop in unique ways, but these ways can be regarded as variants of the norm as long as they are healthy and the child is happy. If there is a problem, we seek the means of resolving it, typically, by mobilizing assets that are available to children. One of these assets is, unsurprisingly, children’s relationships with others. With you and with us. To be able to create and maintain a meaningful relationship with children, CYC workers respect and protect children’s rights. In our practice, the right to privacy is typically mentioned, but we also seek the means of advocating other legal and moral rights. We also work to uphold quality, continuous care, and we hold ourselves accountable for it. This accountability implies the need for continuous improvement of our professional qualities and the development of the field of CYC work. To sum up, a CYC worker is a person who strives to help children and youths to develop healthily by employing multiple tools. We are very willing to share these tools with you so that we can successfully achieve th
Problem and Purpose The problem that the researcher is set out to solve is to find a better method of eliminating school absenteeism of children that are affected by illnesses that come as a result of dirty hands. The purpose is to make a comparison between handwashing using soap and the use of hand sanitizers in a bid to find the most appropriate method. Such a move is the role of school nurses who seek to reduce the rates of absenteeism in school that is caused by illnesses associated with dirty hands (Vessey et al, 2007). Literature Review Critique The researchers used current literature that is relevant to the problem they are out to solve. The literature used is concise and focused on the study topic, making it more relevant for use in such a case. Most literature used consists of secondary sources of information that are applied right and credit is given to earlier researchers on the same topic (Vessey et al, 2007). The literature review is critically evaluated, covering both sides of the two methods. The research tries to be unbiased as much as possible as it discusses both advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. Theory Base A theoretical framework is a collection of theories and models from the literature. The theoretical framework used in this research is entirely based on the literature review conducted. Research Questions and Hypothesis The research was guided by the following research questions.   * What is the relationship between illness, school absenteeism and academic performance?   * What is the efficacy of hand cle
The size of transaction costs depends on the extent to which the trading environment facilitates opportunistic behavior. This, in turn, depends on the attributes of the transactions, the most important of which is asset specificity. Other features facilitating opportunistic behavior include asset indivisibility and fungibility, uncertainty and externalities, and problems of recognition, disclosure, and team organization associated with inter-market transfers of human knowledge, expertise, and information. A desire to safeguard trade secrecy or to transfer excess capacity of a specific nature can be associated with high transaction costs (Moschandreas, 1994). The attenuation of opportunism reduces TCs providing the efficiency rationale for the emergence of national and international firms with vertical MNEs occurring when international transactions are supported by dedicated assets and horizontal MNEs attributed to uncertainty, externalities, or the transfer of expertise. The same theoretical apparatus is utilized to explain a variety of other phenomena, such as the organization of work (Williamson 1975), the cost of capital, privatization, the role of the state, and divestment. The creation of firms is intrinsically associated with the “employment relation.” The establishment of an employment relation involving what Simon (1957,183-195) called an “authority relation” can have substantial cost economizing effects compared to individualistic labor contracting modes. It alleviates the need for long-term contingent contracts and mitigates against opportunism. The scope for opportunistic behavior, although reduced, is, however, still present and to an extent dependent on human asset specificity (HAS) (Williamson, Wachter, and Hams, 1975) and on the effectiveness of governance structures to deal with it (Williamson, 1984). The significance of trade secrecy is acknowledged by Williamson (1985), but he insists that internalization is efficiency induced since trade secrecy is required if competition by emulation is to be limited in situations in which property rights are
Introduction Employment relation refers to the relationship between an employee and an employer, for whom the employee works under stated conditions, in return for remuneration. The term came into place to replace industrial relations. The meaning of the term employment relations needs some clarification for the sake of better understanding. According to statistics in the UK, industrial relations have declined drastically. Union membership has fallen from 12million to 7million in contemporary times. Collective agreement coverage of the employees has fallen from three quarters to a third, because there are fewer issues to bargain over in the work place. Union leaders focus much on giving support to the employees’ grievances than negotiating on working conditions and payment issues. Collective bargaining, which previously received a whopping embrace, receives less concern; thus, it is fading drastically. The industrial and employment relations functions have similarities and differences, which come from their structure and management. However, management is the core mover other than the known change in the economy, and the climate to the declined unions. The human resource management also has a close relation to employment relations. This paper seeks to find out how the three functions relate, as well as, the significance of management, industrial relations, and human resources to the employment relationship. Industrial relations Industrial relations bear a significant problem of the present industrial society setting. This directly connects to the industrial revolution. In the pre-industrial revolution period, the economy was made of straightforward processes in the manufacturing sector, local markets, low employment levels, and small-scale investment (Salamon 2000, p. 125). This focused at reaching a healthy relationship between the employer and the employee. The rising of the industrial revolution challenged this situation with expanding businesses, which needed more human resources and more financial investments. New set of qualified managers came in place causing separation between ownership and management (Fitzwater 1999, p. 314). This, as a result, strained the employer and employee relationships. This outdid the previous philosophy of industrial relations and resulted to more complex and impersonal relations. Today, the industry has evolved to management relations, which do not consider the industry as a sole venture of the employers, but both employees and the employer contribute towards the ultimate success of the industry. The major drawback of industrial relations was that it was restrictive. It focused on certain parts of the economy specifically the manufacturing industry. This brought a contrast between industry and services. It paid its attention to given parts of the economy, which adds up to biasness. In addition, it focused on the public sector and ignored the private sector’s small and large firms. T
Introduction There has been an increase in language testing and evaluation in the world due to globalisation. There has also been a wide acceptance of second language training in many countries in the world today. Therefore, there is a high demand of a common language that can aid in the interaction of people in tourism, technology, trade, science and research, international relations, and media. It is also common in various governments today to adapt a second language of communication in official matters. According to Berthele (2012, p.453), adaptation of second languages, which are foreign languages in most cases, has increased the need for rigorous training, testing, and evaluation. Inclusion of second languages in various academic education curriculums has also increased the need for training, testing, and evaluation in languages. Berthele (2012, p.454) points how language assessment mainly focuses on the evaluation of first language of study, the second language assessment, or any other language that the learner takes in various institutions of learning. Language assessment and evaluation may take the form of listening skill test, speaking skill tests, reading skill tests, writing skill tests, and cultural comprehension tests. Taylor (2005, p.154) argues that an evaluation seeks to test the ability of the learner to understand how the language works and to test the level of proficiency in that particular language. This paper discusses and critically evaluates language testing and assessment in a school educational environment. Major features of the assessment Learners of languages should be part of the process of teaching and assessment. For a clear and standardised evaluation and assessment, the teacher and the learner should be ready to work together and to play their rightful role. According to Taylor (2005, p.155), the purpose of language assessment and evaluation is to discover the level of knowledge that the learner has on a particular language and his or her ability at that stage. Assessment and evaluation of language is important in the learning process. All stakeholders in a school situation approve that evaluation is important. For example, teachers want learners’ ability in language evaluation. Lockwood (2012, p.107) observes that teachers implement the language assessment plans of the administrators. In the evaluation, teachers should know the previous level of performance together with what was to be done next. The teacher should also know what the students already know and/or
Introduction Institutions of higher learning in the United States have different requirements for their educators based on their internal standards and the standards put in place by the national government. Nursing is one of the courses that have strict requirements for one to be an educator. According to Herrman (2015), this is so because of the delicate nature of nursing as a profession. In this study, we conducted an interview and reviewed the existing pieces of literature to have a clear picture of what it takes to be a nurse educator. Findings from the Interview Role of the faculty member interviewed The researcher identified Mrs. Lisa Wilson of Florida Gulf Coast University in South West Florida to be the participant. Mrs. Wilson is an educator for Medical-Surgical 1 & 2 in the Nursing Department at this institution. She informed us that she is currently handling a Bachelor of Science in a Nursing (BSN) class of thirty students. Asked about her teaching strategy, she stated that she did not have a specific way of teaching because of the unique needs of her students. She explained that in most cases, she would try to give every group of students a unique approach that best suits their learning needs. However, she uses the teaching guide provided by the institution as an essential requirement in all her classes. Preparation needed for the role According to Mrs. Lisa Wilson, to be a nursing educator at Florida Gulf Coast University, one must have specific academic qualifications. A Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) is a minimal requirement. One must have enrolled for the doctorate program to qualify as an educator for students pursuing Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). Lisa obtained her Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Nova University as a scholars’ recipient from Lee Memorial Hospital. She finished her MSN at Nova University through the same program. It makes her qualified to be a nursing educator for students taking Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Currently, she is handling 30 BSN students for clinical rotations. At Florida Gulf Coast University, Lisa in
Introduction Computer technologies became an inevitable part of human life. It is impossible to imagine an industry or a sphere where innovative technologies are not used. Education is one of such spheres. When the computer technologies were integrated in education, only secondary and higher schools were influenced as there was an opinion that students of elementary schools are too young to use computers. Nowadays, this opinion is ruined and there is another point of view. Students of elementary schools should be taught by means of the computer technologies for a number of reasons. Different business companies try to implement an opinion that computer technologies are really effective while teaching students in elementary schools and to offer numerous programs and applications which can be used in this age category. The main purpose of the research is to consider the background of the chosen sphere, the elementary education, and discuss current business issues in the computer technologies which may be used in the sphere and may be helpful for business development directed at teaching and computer technologies. Brief background of elementary school About 36 million children attend elementary schools in the United States of America. This period is considered to be the most critical in students’ development of personality, establishment of learning habits, and formation of other skills and attitudes which may be really important in the future life. It is crucial to remember that the basic skills students should obtain at the elementary level are reading, writing and calculating. Physical needs are important as well as “early attempts to address the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development of young students are very important in the child’s healthy development” (Bennett, 2008, p. 1). Present system of elementary education involves numerous activities which influence students’ understanding of the modern world. It is proven that democracy is really important for the elementary school. Here are some ideas which prove this statement. Attending elementary schools, students face new circumstances different from the family ones. The necessity to follow some specific regulations and rules may make some students feel inconvenient. This may prevent those from the development of personal traits in communication in the society. An elementary school is the first step for students socialization. It is really important for the elementary school students to create personal democratic attitude. Students should be learned to make personal decisions without being pressed by the authority’s opinion. The management in the
The conflict of privacy and security has been debated in both the public and academic spheres for a considerable period of time. On the whole, it should be stressed that there appears to be a conflict of opinions in the society when it comes to the problem of choosing between protecting the privacy of individuals and their security (Anderton, 2017). This topic has also been widely discussed in the academic literature (Bambauer, 2013). However, even though there is a conflict of opinions, the choice between security and privacy sometimes has to be made. Therefore, it is pivotal to further discuss the topic of the conflict between privacy and security so as to be able to establish priorities when it comes to making such a choice. It can be argued that personal privacy is of paramount importance for any individual and should be protected over security. This is due to the fact that the right to breach privacy for the sake of security provides the chance for abusing this right, giving the authorities too much power. This makes it very simple to significantly harm an individual using the guise of security. It also provides the government with an opportunity to use their access to private data in order to deal with persons or organizations that are undesirable to the authorities due to political or business issues or goals. Therefore, it is of great importance to further discuss the conflict between privacy and security and demonstrate that protecting privacy over security is the desirable course of action. Such a discussion might be especially crucial in light of the above-mentioned conflict of the opinions in the society when it comes to the choice between privacy and security.