ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Andrew Warhola or Andy Warhol, as he was better known, was a versatile talented person who excelled in various departments. He was best known as an American artist, in the context of pop art, and his fame and ventures covered different pastures as a filmmaker, printmaker, and record producer. He was also an author and stalwart of visual art movement with initial commercial illustrator career. Warhol (1928 –1987) reached his zenith with his painting Eight Elvises (1963) and it is regarded as his best work of art and it was priced $100 million. (Colacello, 88) Creativity Creative process of Andy Warhol is a psychological and societal process relating to the creation of new innovative ideas or conceptions, or new relations of the creative mind among accessible notions, thoughts or perceptions. The creative process is driven by the development of either conscious or unconscious awareness. A different idea of creativity is that it is purely the process of creating or generating something new and original. In the process of describing the creative process of Andy Warhol it is evident how closely the word ‘Genius’ is intertwined with their creativity. Intellectual brilliance in combination with highest quality of creativity brings in the concept of genius. Beautiful ideas and their proper implementations which have a profound influence on the observers get tagged with the label of creative genius. Individuals are often said to be creative on the basis of his lifestyle, his works in respective fields and their attitudes. The creative process can be perceived as imaginative, supple, not stereotyped, influential and authoritarian. (Weisberg, 1993) Warhol’s Creativity may intuitively appear to be simple but in actuality it is a complex phenomenon. Creativity is definitely an elaborate process with the product being an outcome of the implementation of the creativity. Though author Daniel Joseph Boorstin mentioned in his book ‘The Creators: A History of Heroes of the Imagination’ that “ even the greatest Greek sculptures, potters, painters and architects were not individualists ” (Boorstin, 94) it can be stated that art and creativity is fundamentally governed by the flow of emotion. It commences in a wide spectrum physical word and lies in its preparatory stage. When struck with a novel idea or concept the first thing which sets in is a vision of how beautiful it will be when it actually comes into existence. The mind thinks about the way the idea may work. Along with vision comes anticipation which makes the mind believe that the idea will work out to actually be something striking. The following action requires the conceiver of the idea to take the plunge and implement the idea. This is the most decisive part of the entire process. There are many creative ideas which do not have an o
Introduction Rhetoric offers people the tools to achieve specific goals by employing effective communication. According to Borchers and Hundley (2018), “rhetoric includes words, images, and gestures that are presented to an audience for some kind of purpose” (p. 5). Perhaps, the most common purpose for which rhetoric is used is persuasion. Although one may think that the main means of persuasion are words and verbal arguments, this paper will argue that images also have persuasive power. To prove this point, this paper will explore Messaris’s theory of visual rhetoric and claim that images can be persuasive because of their immediacy and the absence of syllogistic construction. The Main Point of Messaris’s Work Paul Messaris was one of the scholars who tried to expand the field of rhetoric by investigating how means other than words could be used for effective communication. The main point of his work is that he distinguished three functions of images: “image as a representation of reality, image as proof, and image as an argumentative claim” (Borchers & Hundley, 2018, p. 131). These three functions are based on three types of visual signs, namely, indexical, symbolic, and iconic (Borchers & Hundley, 2018). Indexical signs indicate things they represent, and iconic signs are simplified images of things they represent. Symbolic signs, in contrast, are arbitrary symbols that have been chosen to represent a specific idea in a particular culture. Because of their connection to objective reality, indexical and iconic signs represent the first function of images in rhetoric, as described by Messaris. The function of representing reality is the most clearly seen in photographs that depict objects similar to what they look like in the real world. Messaris argued that even if a photograph somewhat distorted reality, it was nevertheless “capable of capturing and conveying to our eyes the distinctive features that our brains need to be able to figure out what we are looking at” (Borchers & Hundley, 2018, p. 132). The second function of images, i.e., images as proof, means that such visuals as photographs can serve to prove that something indeed happened in a particular place and time (Borchers & Hundley, 2018). The third function of images as arguments is concerned with the symbolic use of images (Borchers & Hundley, 2018). For example, to win over voters, a candidate for the presidency may use advertisements with photos in which he or she smiles, is neatly dressed, and is surrounded by people. Such a picture would convey a message that the candidate is the kind of person perceived by people as suitable for the position. Thus, Messaris argued that thanks to their functions, images were appropriate for use ineffective communication. The Persuasive Power of Images When commenting on Messaris’s work, Borchers and Hundley (2018) stated that “images can say things that words cannot” (p. 133). This quote illustrates the idea that images are persuasive due to their im
The notion of epidemiology, although highly appraised and valuable in the context of public health, is sometimes considered rather inefficient in terms of clinical practice. Indeed, according to the researchers, epidemiological studies are primarily focused on collecting descriptive data on the dissemination of a certain disease or condition while providing no practical value to the clinicians who are to implement relevant changes to health care (Neta et al., 2018). For this reason, the application of epidemiology to the general practice currently requires a series of interventions in terms of data productivity. Undeniably, there are specific emergence cases when epidemiological data is processed along with the intervention itself. The current COVID-19 pandemic provides an explicit example of how promptly gathered data may benefit the process of treatment. Thus, when at the very beginning of the pandemic, the epidemiologists estimated the risk groups that might struggle with COVID-19 complications, clinicians and medical administrations promptly reorganized the environment in order to minimize the risk (Oremus et al., 2018). However, the primary issue remains unchanged and tackles a need for implementation science to become more correlated to the descriptive epidemiological data. Implementation study is a methodological branch that analyzed how collected evidence may be efficiently transformed into a regularly used framework (Neta et al., 2018). When it comes to the ways of making epidemiology more efficient, it is imperative to understand that data gathered for descriptive research may become redundant what analyzed in the clinical context. For this reason, the clinicians should only pay attention to such data as an explicit correlation between an independent variable such as smoking or age and dependent variables that derive specifically for a disease case (Hannaford & Owen-Smith, 1998). Thus, it may be concluded that epidemiological data, while extremely important for the overall development of health care, is incapable of accelerating a rapid change.
There are a lot of great works of science fiction that have become famous for unusual images and original solutions used by their creators. Despite that multiformity, there is a particular work that I consider to be my favorite one due to many reasons. In the present essay, I would like to discuss Avatar directed by James Cameron that came out seven years ago (Letteri). There are many things that I like about the discussed movie. To begin with, I want to pay attention to such aspect as computer graphics that was outstanding and helped to create the unique atmosphere encouraging those who have seen this movie to recommend it to their friends. Another thing that I like the most about this work is the message conveyed by the director and other specialists; it is not a secret that people evaluate any movie based on the degree of its congruence with their ideas and I appreciate this movie for its anti-war theme that creates its profound meaning. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult for me to single out the particular things that deserve increased attention of the viewers. I suppose that such a tendency should be regarded as an additional factor proving an outstanding talent of the director. I support such opinion because in good movies there is always the marriage of different elements that seem to be an integrated whole. Speaking about the discussed movie, it is necessary to pay attention to particular elements that attract the attention of the audience and make people believe that everything they see on the screen exists in reality. Thus, there are a lot of elements of estrangement used by the director but the ones that I believe to be the most significant include soundtracks and the specific language that Na’vi uses to communicate with each other. To me, these elements seem to be the most important because they help to make this invented world look finished. I suppose
Cosmopolitanism This name was derived from the Greek word ‘ kosmopolitê’ that denotes a citizen of the world. Therefore, cosmopolitanism is the conviction that all human beings on earth, irrespective of their physical separation or political associations, can exist as one in the same society. This ideology aims to form universal solidarity with a positive attitude towards difference. It demands that the societies and cultures of the world should communicate freely. This will perpetuate the formation of peaceful, global allegiances and equal world communities. Cosmopolitanism is broadly manifested in global tragedies where countries offer financial, physical and emotional support to victims of the tragedy. The idea is, however, misunderstood because of its intrinsic ambiguity. This ambiguity is brought about by its aim of promoting difference and equality among communities whose subject position is a product of history and culture. For this ideology to work, the world communities must be interdependent to the extent that the two communities cannot exist without each other. This notion is yet to take hold in the world as some countries are more economically advanced than others. Patriotism Patriotism refers to the act of loving one’s country, and being ready to support, serve and defend it. This is inspired by a positive change and a zealous concern for its citizens. Philosophically, patriotism is more than just mere love for one’s country. In more elaborate terms, it is a special affection for one’s mother country. Patriotism is associated with the sense of identification with one’s country and a deep concern for its wellbeing. Often it is marked by the willingness to make sacrifices for the country’s good. The terms ‘love’ and ‘special affection’ can be used interchangeably in defining patriotism. The description and identification of patriotism by one’s enthusiasm to sacrifice oneself for the country must be innately implied and not brought in as a detached aspect of patriotism. People who exercise patriotism are referred to as patriots and are said to be patriotic. Despite the existence of patriots, there are critics of patriotism who consider it immoral and stupid for one to place his/her country’s needs before his/her own. Moreover, they consider supporting one’s country at the peril of another as immoral behavior.
Introduction The sex assaults issue raises numerous discussions and contradictions. Michael Griffin and Desiree West presented a unique reflection on this problem in their article “The Lowest of the Low? Addressing the disparity between Community View, Public Policy, and Treatment Effectiveness for Sex Offenders”, published in Law & Psychology Review in 2006. The article draws attention to the current problems in the perception of sex offenders by the community. The authors’ view of sex offender prevention techniques The authors regard the effectiveness of treatments of sexual offenders as “a topic of debate” (Griffin & West, 2006, p. 149). They demonstrate the invalidity of physical treatment methods and the non-behavioral approach. It appears that the authors find the behavioral approach to treatment the most appropriate one. The article presents numerous proofs of the positive effects of this method, including Quinn’s statements, results of the examination conducted by Hanson and his colleagues, the research made by Barrett, Wilson, and Long, and the position of Supreme Court. The importance of the continuance of sex offender treatment is emphasized through the notion of a decrease in offenders’ motivation after the end of treatment (Griffin & West, 2006, p.152). Sex offender’s profile The article doesn’t state what should be included in a profile for sex offenders. It rather demonstrates the impossibility of creating the profile, which would make it possible to identify, treat, and supervise sex offenders. The inefficiency of such a profile is caused by the absence of strong similarity between distinctive features of sex offenders. The authors provide an overview of theories of sex offender behavior and question the myths about the typical qualities. By presenting this information, the authors show that it is very difficult to differentiate certain peculiarities, typical for all sex offenders, and create an appropriate profile. My point of view is quite similar. In my opinion, the nature of sex crimes is extremely complicated and not fully investigated. That makes singling out of the features, common among all people convicting such crimes, nearly impossible. The disparity between community view, public policy, and treatment effectiveness for sex offenders It appears to me, that the disparity between community view, public policy, and treatment effectiveness for sex offenders is caused by low public awareness of the results of studies. The community’s view on sex offenders is heavily influenced by stereotypes and myths. Public policy is based on the position of the community. Wrong beliefs in society lead to making inappropriate decisions on higher levels. Such failures result in the inability of society to create a proper environment that can help sex offenders to overcome their psychological problems and deviations. Thus, society cannot ensure its safety because of its own mistakes. Effective prevention of sex offenders from committing crimes The authors of the article offer long-termed treatment
Abstract There have been heated debates over legalization of gay marriages in the society with varied opinions on its acceptance all over the world. Legal and social issues come into force when the debate of gay marriages is discussed. The parameter that gets a lot of attention when gay marriage is discussed is the legal issue because it entails issues to do with civil and basic equal rights. It is argued that, even though gay marriage is not acceptable to many people, the choice of lifestyle should be respected. There is no tangible evidence though not a fact, that gay marriage has any harm in the society. Some researchers argue that there are good reasons to support legalization of gay marriage. On the contrary, other scholars propose that legalizing same sex marriages will lead to enactment of more gay rights with time. Serious effects on religious beliefs and communities that oppose same sex marriages in the society may also be encouraged. Some of the laws that are likely to be enacted are those that will compel employers and landlords to hire and lease their property to homosexuals respectively. Despite the differences in sex orientations, many people hold to their principles and characters in life. Sex and romance activities among individuals who practice monogamous relationships in same sex marriages have proven to do well in the society. This has been impounded by the decline of sexually transmitted illnesses among couples practicing homosexuality. Children brought up in such families grow up to be stable emotionally and financially. This is due to the fact that rearing of children would not stop even if same sex unions become dominant. This may be necessitated by adoption and inheritance of children. Through these unions, individuals are able to make long term plans for investment by making sa
Introduction Organizations use celebrity endorsement to popularize their brands. Nevertheless, the marketing strategy may fail to achieve the indented purpose due to the negative projection of information. Such an incident happened to PepsiCo recently. The multinational corporation was forced to remove its advert featuring Kendall Jenner and apologize to the public. The advert featured protesters from diverse racial backgrounds who were demanding peaceful coexistence and were against the harassment of black people by the police. It showed Jenner abandoning her celebrity life to join the protesters. She walked to a police officer, handed him a can of Pepsi. The police officer sipped the soda and smiled leading to the protesters going wild (Arceneaux par. 3). Even though the company intended to relay an appropriate and innocuous message of social unity, the public regarded the advertisement as an inauthentic and opportunistic marketing maneuver. This article will critique the advert and identify what the company could have done to prevent the public from misconstruing the intended message. Intended Message According to PepsiCo’s leadership, the advertisement was meant to send an international message of peace, unity, and understanding. The company had no intention of trivializing any serious issues that affected the country or a particular race. PepsiCo Inc. alleged that the advert featured people from diverse cultural backgrounds coming together to promote peaceful coexistence (Watercutter par. 4). The company believed that such a message was essential and resonated with the demand for the respect of black lives that ensued following the killings of African-Americans by the police. PepsiCo stated in its YouTube that the advert featured “a short film about the moments when we decide to let go, chose to act, follow our passion and nothing holds us back” (Channick par. 10). It depicted the fortitude and actions of individuals who make good use of every moment that comes their way. It also featured multiple stories, lives, and emotional connections that depicted joy, passion, unrestrained, and limitless moments. Unintended Message Opponents of the advert argued t
In order to explore the use of statistics in everyday life, the essay should start with a debatable statement. On a daily basis, people collect and analyze a lot of information presented in numbers, and it is closely associated with different aspects of their lives. Thus, it is typical to apply the elementary statistical approaches to examining the learned material about everyday activities. It can help to get the average results in relation to actual events or phenomena. However, many people do not guess that they use such principles as the base for their knowledge. So, to reveal the importance of statistics in daily life, this essay will provide different real-life examples and explain the application of various data analysis methods. Moreover, when persons have to present the solution to this or that question or decide how to act in the definite situation they also use the statistical data on the issue as one of the main arguments which can influence the further development of the case. That is why statistics can be defined as the science which deals with the data’s collection and its interpretation according to the certain task, and the results of the research can be effectively used in many spheres. From this point, the relative value of statistics for the everyday life is in the fact that people have the opportunity to plan their actions according to the statistical data with references to those results which can satisfy or not their expectations. People are usually interested in the average temperature and the weather forecasts, in the amount of people who prefer this or that product which they usually purchase. These persons listen to the economical news in which the data of statistics on the state’s development are presented and pay attention to the risks of the transport incidents before going out the house. The statistical data influence all the aspects of the people’s life during the whole day. When an individual wants to learn about the latest news he concentrates on the information which is interesting for him personally, and these facts are often given in the form of numbers. The average results in different fields and areas from the average level of incomes in the country and the average level of attendance the local library till the average data on the consumers’ preference of brands and services can provide the basics for the people’s choices and usual decisions which are made as a part of the daily rituals and routines. One more effective advantage of statistics is the possibility to offer the prognoses of the development of definite situations and processes. People are inclined to use the statistical prognoses when they plan such significant changes in their life as the search of the new job, new investments in companies, travelling, and long-term projects. Statistics as the science is based on the strict mathematical calculations and formulas (Bluman, 2009). That is why its methods can be discussed as the effective ways of interpreting the collected quantitative information on any aspect of the life.