ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Food business in Saudi Arabia is one of the most thriving sectors due to the high demand coming from the high population. The countries have a variety of businesses within the food sector that have been established by the private and foreign investors, as well as the government. These business firms that deal with food and food products include fisheries, sugar industry, edible oils and fats, groceries, and the dairy industry. However, concerns have been raised over Saudi’s commitment to fair trading practices and its adherence to the Islamic Laws. As such, the government in Saudi Arabia has a huge role to play in ensuring that the perception is changed and allow the success of the industry. Introduction Several businesses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are conducted in an informal setup. Foreigners who intend to invest in the food business must understand and appreciate the types of food and the feeding habits of the local inhabitants of the Kingdom. As a result, individuals who want to establish a food business should take into account the Saudi culture. Some aspects of that culture include the sharing of meals as a means of getting to mingle with each other. Another aspect that the entrepreneur should consider is that in a group of Saudis, none is expected to turn down another’s offer to provide a meal. According to reputabl
Anger, Anxiety, and Depression as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: The Problems and Implications of Overlapping Affective Dispositions In this article, Suls and Bundle (2005) have identified 3 negative affective dispositions. They include anxiety, anger/hostility, and depression. The authors have further identified a link between these negative affective dispositions and cardiovascular diseases. As such, the objective of the study was to determine the effects of anger, anxiety, and depression on the development of cardiovascular diseases. Kop (1999) has distinguished between chronic physiological risk factors like anxiety and hostility and epidemiologic factors such a major depressive disorder. According to Kop (1999), chronic physiological risk factors can last for many years, while episodic factors only last for several months. Carroll and colleagues (2002) opine that depression qualifies to be treated as an episodic risk factor. However, Suls and Bundle (2005) argue that because of its recurrent nature, some individuals are likely to possess a depressogenic disposition. What Suls and Bundle (2005) appear to suggest is that although anxiety and anger are mainly treated as clinical signs of depression, they might as well be treated as clinical symptoms of depression. Therefore, Suls and Bundle (2005) have decided to treat anxiety and anger as the conceptual symptoms of depression. Besides effective dispositions, fear, sadness, stressful events, and anger outburst can also cause a heart attack (Carroll et al., 2002). In their article, Suls and Bundle are not mainly concerned with acute emotions, although they argue that emotional and stressful events can trigger Myocardial Infarction and other manifestations of heart disease. This is because effective dispositions increase the rate of occurrence of acute outbursts. For this reason, Sul and Bundle (2005) have decided to address the negative effects of measurement and construct overlap in causing cardiovascular heart diseases (CHD). Cardiovascular heart diseases can be triggered by several biological factors and Suls and Bundle (2005) have examined them briefly. The article by Sul and Bundle (2005) is an attempt to critically analyze and summarize epidemiological studies relevant to the topic. Besides, the authors have also provided a vivid description of the biological, physiological, and behavioral pathways that eventually
Introduction The theory of reasoned action has been used to explain vegetarianism as a consumer trend. It suggests that shifts in consumer demand are explained by pre-existing attitudes (Gaol, Mars & Saragih 2014). If this philosophy is extrapolated to the vegetarianism trend analysis, the theory of reasoned action suggests that the rise in the number of vegetarians stems from people’s tendency to associate vegetarianism with good health. Therefore, respect for good health is an attitude that vegetarians have and that motivates them to embrace a lifestyle that supports the same values of improved human wellbeing (Davis & Melina 2014). The motivation-need theory has also been used to explain vegetarianism as a consumer trend. It suggests that people purchase products to fulfill five levels of need, which are basic, safety, love/belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization (McGuffin 2016; Fallatah & Syed 2018). Vegetarianism is a basic human need because it is about food, which is at the lowest level of the Maslow model. The need for good health is also intertwined with food as a basic need because good health is dependent on it. Therefore, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs suggests that vegetarianism is informed by the need for people to be healthier. Lastly, the psychoanalytic theory is another model that explains vegetarianism. It suggests that consumer trends are informed by how much they appeal to people’s feelings, hopes, and desires, as opposed to their rationality (Gunter & Furnham 2014). These basic principles of the theory postulate that an increase in the number of Chinese vegetarians is informed by its strong emotional appeal as opposed to its rationality (Bernstein 2018). Stated differently, the consumption of meat products is rational but vegetarianism is more emotionally appealing because of its immense health benefits. Consequently, the trend is popular because it appeals to people’s emotions as opposed to logic. Current Situation of Chinese Vegetarianism An evaluation of the vegetarianism trend in China suggests that several demographic factors influence the trend. Age, gender, and intelligence are the two most impactful variables explaining the trend. Gender and Education Several researchers have reported significant gender variations among vegetarians (Appleby et al. 2016). For example, an American study, authored by Thomson (2014), suggested that 79% of vegetarians in the country were women. The study also postulated that gender differences in dedication, commitment, and health consciousness largely explained the low number of men who supported vegetarianism (Thomson 2014). This gender divide is further highlighted by statistics, which show that women are 60% more likely to be vegan compared to men (Thomson 2014). Although gender differences predict vegetarianism, the education levels of both men
Introduction Admittedly, social networks have become an indispensible part of human life. On one hand, such networks as Facebook provide many great opportunities to communicate and share opinions. On the other hand, Facebook may lead to many negative outcomes. Almost unlimited access to information often becomes a great problem for personal and social life. Thus, Facebook can have such negative effects as privacy invasion, the destruction of relationships and it can even influence the development of society (e.g. Arab world protestors). Therefore, Facebook should be banned as it negatively affects the major aspects of human life. Privacy invasion Facebook is one of the most famous social networks which have more than 500 million users. Of course, this network provides lots of opportunities to communicate and find new friends. However, the tool is too imperfect. In the first place, there were several scandals concerning the network’s creators ‘sharing’ information. Reportedly, they sold personal information of users to certain companies. The network’s creators argued that users shared their information, so it meant the information was not confidential. Likewise, almost anyone can find some personal information and use it. The most vulnerable category of users is teenagers who may reveal their personal information to criminals without even understanding the potential danger. Therefore, Facebook should be banned to prevent privacy invasion and associated crimes. Destruction of relationships Furthermore, such networks also lead to destruction of relationships. Divorce lawyers claim that ‘cyber’ affairs lead to the increase of marriage breakdowns (Insley, 2009). Admittedly, many people find old friends with the help of Facebook. However, people also tend to substitute their real life communication by the cyber communication. The latter seems perfect and people focus on the imperfections of their personal lives. Eventually, many people break their real life relationships to build new ones which often terminate very soon. Therefore, it is important to ban Facebook to prevent people from the replacement of the real life by an unreal life. Basically, this can be compared with the ban of drugs which also lead to such kind of replacement. The only difference that drug abuse has short-term consequences (health problems) whereas Facebook ‘abuse’ has long-term consequences (divorce, frustration, stress, possible drug abuse, etc.). Social effects Finally, Facebook can also affect the development of the society. For instance, many people claim that societies only benefit from the use of such social networks as Facebook since people can be aware of the real situation in their country and in the world. Some argue that gover
Introduction: Where Compassion Starts In the modern world, despite the globalization and the cosmopolitan air in the relationships between various countries, the numerous problems arising because of certain political and cultural issues are inevitable. Among the most notorious issues of the present-day political affairs, the one concerning the problem of the African refugees remains on the agenda of the modern politics and culture. Caused by a number of factors including the high rates of unemployment in the corresponding African countries, vague job prospects and the unsatisfactory life standards in the African countries in question, the emigration to Israel is one of the most stable tendencies in such countries as Sudan, Oman, etc. Hence, the necessity to consider the given issue from the viewpoint of ethics, politics and culture arises. It is also worth mentioning that the given issue should be considered incorporating the ideas of Derrida, Said and Sontag, who offer rather peculiar considerations on the issue of ethics, politics and culture. African Refugees: The Chase for a Better Life Because of the unbearable conditions in their native land and the chance to improve the life standards in Israel, a number of people immigrate illegally to Israel. Which is even more important, according to the Israeli standards, the immigrants from Sudan, Oman, and several other countries are supposed to obtain humanitarian aid. Hence, the immigration to Israel is one of the tendencies in poorer African countries, as Ogazi explains. However, the latter marks that the process of illegal immigration is often deadly: “There are reports of many being killed. Many sentenced to death for false charges and for being in the country illegally” (Ogazi 75). Therefore, the issue should be considered thoroughly. Personal Suffer and Political Agony: Drawing the Line Among the most notorious issues concerning the illegal immigration from African countries to Israel, the way in which a personal tragedy is intertwined with the political issues must be the key complexity. On the one hand, the people immigrating from Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and the rest of the countries to Israel have to face intense suffer and the fear of being killed on their way to the promised Land. However, it is important to mark that the personal suffers of the immigrants address the political issues as well. In most cases, the interrelation between the political and the personal concern can be related to as the manifestation of what Sontag defined as the “Camp” phenomenon. Since a human being is an integral part of the society, (s)he cannot exist separated from the society; hence, the personal mixes with the political, which culminates in the Israeli immigration conflict. Ethical Dilemma: An Aesthetic Viewpoint Another peculiar issue, the correlation of the ethical and the aesthetical can also be traced in the given problem. Since the people immigrating to another country to seek for help, even though illegally, require ra
Buildings have to be assessed and rated in terms of their energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. These ratings help in determining the ways for improving efficiencies of buildings and determining energy performance standards for new buildings (Royal Institute of British Architects 2). The assessment of buildings helps in promoting sustainability. Houses are rated prior to building them or after building them and the rating depends on the dwelling’s plan; the erection of its roof, walls, windows and floor; and the direction of its windows relative to the light pathway and airstream (Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme 2). The NatHERS is a major body in Australia tasked with the necessary software tools used for rating energy efficiency of dwellings. The software tools accredited by NatHers are: AccuRate, AccuRate Sustainability, BERS Professional, and FirstRate (Nationwide House Rating Scheme). The energy consumption of a building and its rating are done by an experienced ABSA assessor who does simulations in the software (Northrop 4). Types of certifications that have to be compliant with the NatHERS protocols are energy efficiency rating and BASIX. The Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) is controlled by the ACT government and is mandatory when a person or company markets a residential abode. The assessors are tasked with certifying architectural drawings, producing the ABSA certificates and submitting the certificates to ACT for the EER certificate (Northrop 8). It varies from 1 to 6 stars. BASIX (Building Initiative Index), an online software program, was started by the NSW government. This certificate is required for developing applications and is
Introduction Many customers are willing to provide their details to companies that have better privacy policies. This need explains why “there is a paradigm shift in the information security and assurance industry” ( AG Series Case Study, 2015, para. 3). Many players in this industry are forced to identify new software applications that have the potential to improve the level of data security and privacy. The case of Nation Technologies shows how new systems are needed to improve the level of data security. The case study also highlights the gaps and challenges experienced by many companies. This essay describes the current gap experienced in information security. It also examines the case of Needham Bank in order to support the use of better security systems. Such systems should improve the level of privacy and support the inputs of many stakeholders. The Current Gap in Information Security The outstanding fact is that “many organizations are focusing on new systems that can increase reliability, accuracy, and timely access of information” (Deshmukh & Qureshi, 2011, p. 26). Information technology assets have become powerful processes that have the potential to support the needs of different companies. Deshmukh and Qureshi (2011) offer powerful ideas and concepts towards dealing with various information risks. Proper risk management approaches have been suggested in order to protect the data an
The US government consists of three branches, i.e. legislative, executive and judicial branches. Legislative branch is represented by the US congress with the Senate and the House of Representatives. This branch has the power to create laws. [1] The executive power is represented by the presidents of the United States. This branch is responsible for executing and administrating laws. [2] Judicial system is represented by the Supreme and federal courts. This branch interprets laws and can question constitutionality of the laws created. [3] These three branches are linked together as each branch ‘controls’ the two others. This ensures transparency and fairness of the power as none of these branches has total power over any processes. Therefore, the check and balance system is efficient since it ensures that democratic values are manifested. This paper focuses on benefits of the US system and includes four arguments to support the efficacy
Introduction Category management refers to the process of managing different product groups as business units so as to boost sales and satisfy client needs. (IGD, 2009) The paper shall look at how this can be achieved effectively through efficient infrastructure, new product development, assortment and promotion. Category management applied in the grocery sector by efficient infrastructure In order for category management to work in the grocery sector, it is essential for these companies to establish efficient infrastructure to carry out the process. Ways in which this can be achieved include; direct communication with marketing and sales personnel. Here, category managers may be able to understand exactly what their clients require. (Sparks & Fernie, 2009) Besides this, communication with senior managers may be necessary in order to access some of the infrastructural capabilities that a company may possess with regard to its overall business strategy. Other infrastructural aspects that need to be considered include human resource infrastructures such as training employees on category management and development of the management team. This also means that the grocery store must possess newsletters and status reports to support implementation of category management. Also infrastructure may also come in the form of information technology where a grocery company can use various soft wares to establish the most penetrated and high frequency product categories in the industry or among other competing firms. (SAS, 2008 Category management applied in the grocery sector by efficient new product develop
To achieve the set goals and objectives, an institution must have a clear set of rules to follow. In this sense, the focus must be the core of any organization. The following study aims to assess the recommendations I would suggest if hired by Shouldice hospital. The nature of the CRM Structure will as well be considered. Also, discussions on service failure and recovery will be employed. As a Shouldice Hospital hired employee, I would first investigate existing studies initiatives to see what software solutions were performed. Moreover, I would check what information was analyzed, the results, and how the patients’ satisfaction was enhanced. These are commonly not brilliant since they do not run many software programs. Afterward, I will begin to examine current social considerations, health care policy, financing systems, coordination mechanisms, current technology, and processes used that form the backbone of how patients receive healthcare. Based on the preliminary review, I would lay out a research facility premised on major areas. These include procedures, medical advancements, personal behaviors, and financial systems to determine how these variables influence affordable healthcare, the provision of health patients receive. The costs required, thereby acquiring the social science perceptions of both individuals receiving health care services and organizations that provide it. With the outcomes, I would describe the primary goal as implementing the best integrative approach. This would help in managing, financing, and delivering high-quality care, reducing medical malpractice and errors, and increasing overall patient health care services. The CRM program should begin with collecting all specific information about graduate students before they graduate from college. Following graduation, data such as employment, further studies, and business details must be recorded. All occurrences and festive occasions should have a CRM review panel
Despite the fact that some of the environmental concerns of the 90s were addressed in 2000s, the hype for environmentalism seems to be gaining increasingly more significance. Green economy is often viewed as the alternative to the current approach towards consumption. Traditionally, green economy is defined as the attempt of developing the economic strategy that will allow for a reasonable allocation of natural resources and the practice of sustainability. Emerging in 1990s and gaining significance in 2000s, the above-mentioned approach is also known as “a range of activities which are dependent on the regions’ natural and historic built environment or which are involved in protecting or improving the environment” (Sydney Olympic Park Authority 9). The concept of sustainability, which is often mentioned as the key building block of green economy, can be interpreted as rational usage of natural resources, both inexhaustible and exhaustible ones. In regard to the above-mentioned definitions, the issues raised in the interview conducted with a representative of the concerned party, i.e., an “instructor at UCRI” (Lastname, personal communication, 2015), as the respondent called herself, sheds some light on the idea of integrating the basic principles of sustainability into the framework of a company’s operations. Being interested in the promotion of a sustainable approach in all domains of modern life, the interviewee makes it very clear that her concept of sustainability as the development of industry that may coexist with the environment without altering it drastically. In fact, the interviewee has raised a very peculiar point concerning the definition of sustainability by saying that coming up with one is rather hard due to the numerous factors involved. In other words, the interview with the person in question prompts the idea that the definition for the subject matter, in fact, cannot be coined at all. The above-mentioned remark leads to a rather dark supposition concerning the impossibility to reach the level of sustainable development. In other words, it can be assumed that, no matter how the production process in industries might be improved, negative consequences affecting nature will always remain a problem. Therefore, the interview shows in a rather graphic way that sustainable development cannot be attained in its entirety, yet needs to be strived for. In addition, the interviewee provides a rather peculiar idea of what entrepreneurships need to do in order to enhance the sustainability based policy in their operations: “We need increased transparency about not only how these things are being conducted, but also, you know, ultimately, at some level I think it comes down to people voting with their wallet and, you know, the cheaper product is always going to win” (Lastname, personal communication, 2015). Particularly, the interviewee mentions the significance of transparency as the key tow