ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Previous studies on child obesity have revealed serious prevalence of overweight as well as obesity among children in both countries. National Health and Nutrition Examination 2007-2008 data indicates that 16.9% of children in the US aged 2-19 years suffer from obesity. The data also shows that there was an increase of 6.5%-19.6% among children aged 6-11 years and an increase of 5.0%-18.1% of children aged 12-19 years during the same period (Carroll, Curtin, Flegal, Lamb, & Ogden 2010, 243). The data revealed significant sex and racial disparities of obesity in children with a greater percentage of non-Hispanic blacks more likely to suffer from obesity. On the other hand, a research done by International Obesity Task Force in the period of 1990-2007 showed that children in Saudi Arabia have had an average obesity prevalence of 6.7% among boys and 6.0% among girls aged 1-18 years (Aziz, Jalali-Farahani, Mirmiran, & Sherafat-Kazemzadeh 2010, 247). Survey results of the National Center for Health Statistics done in 2000, showed that child obesity in Saudi Arabia averages at about 15.8% for the same age. It is estimated that about 14% of children in Saudi Arabia who are below age 6 are obese (Madani 2000, 1). The child obesity data among all the age groups in the US show that there has been a year-on-year increases in the rates of prevalence (Barnes 2011). The data presented shows a higher prevalence in the US than in Saudi Arabia. There were particular high increases in 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 in the US showing significant and sudden changes in lifestyle. Both countries experience higher levels of prevalence on boys than girls. The trends in both countries are highly associated with socioeconomic status. However, as opposed to the US where children of lower socio-economic and urban classes seem to be more likely to be affected, children of high socioeconomic status in Saudi Arabia are the most vulnerable to child obesity. Data that was collected from medical and healthcare institutions also showed that child obesity prevalence is higher among US children than the Saudi Arabian children. It revealed that about 15-17% of children aged 6-11 years and 12-19 years in the US suffered from obesity while about 10.7% of children aged 5-18 years in Saudi Arabia suffered from the same. The survey data revealed that about 18% of children in the US are obese with higher prevalence among boys. On the other hand, the sa
In the present day, affirmative action is active like never before and gains momentum at most of the workplaces all over the world. Undeniably, some of the most original debates and revolutions are happening now in Australia (Moses & Jenkins, 2014). Affirmative action also called positive discrimination in some cases, is used to confront the impact of unfairness and historical difficulties. But the jeopardy related to it is that you will always find sectional groups who will request prerogatives and distinct behaviour owing to apparent bias. Research shows that unattractive people, gay men, short folk, fat workers and ethnic groups are discriminated against in the workplace (Bray et al., 2014). Affirmative action is quite of an issue in Australia, and it should be understood that the solution cannot be found overnight as a set of actions should be applied, but the fact is that the so-called positive discrimination is not, in fact, as bad as it is portrayed by the media and other sources. Nonetheless, the evidence shows that female lecturers’ teaching ability is underrated owing to their gender, as those who compose the letters for candidates for the university posts in numerous fields practice state the male candidates as way more skilled and experienced. Regardless of the fact that the present findings deny that historical sexism prohibited many commendable women from being employed, the present unspoken bias relating science to men is not connected to minor discipline course-taking. Moreover, the majority of these studies proposes areas that actually require a supplementary effort to guarantee the equivalence of opportunity for females (Ceci & Williams, 2015). In Australia, womankind establishes about half of the students who moved up from film schools. And yet they do not happen to obtain the complete welfare of a civic
Conducting my research on Acts 19:21-40 for this class project, I came to the conclusion that there is broad historical evidence supporting the authenticity of this biblical passage from the historical point of view. Therefore, I came up with the following thesis: passages such as Acts 19:21-40 can be used as the vivid proof of biblical historical trustworthiness which supports its superiority over other religious works and suggests its divine origin. First, at the initial stage of my analysis, I performed research on the following terms “Achaia”, “the Way”, “the temple of the great goddess Artemis”, “proconsuls”, and “legal assembly”. My focus of interest was to identify whether these terms have presence in historical documents and thus prove authenticity of the Bible from the historical point of view. I have found that “Achaia” was one of the regional units in Greece in the days of Apostle Paul. Moreover, the area did not change its title nowadays and is still a part of Greece located in the west of the country in the north-western part of the Peloponnese peninsula (Green, 2010). The word-combination “the Way” occurs in the Bible only two times and refers to the title of Christ’s followers given to them by the wide public in the days after Jesus’ death when they still had no official name such as Christians (Hayes & Holladay, 2007). I have researched historical sources to find out that this title is present in the historical documents dating back to the year 35 C.E. and further on (Korner, 2014). The phrase “the temple of the great goddess Artemis” also captured my interest because I wanted to make sure that in Paul’s days, a religious practice to worship Artemis with pomposity truly existed. I did found support to this biblical mentioning in secular sources proving both the grandiose scale of this religious tradition and the financial benefits it brought to those engaged in the Artemis worship-related services. Finally, I checked the terms “proconsuls” and “legal assembly” to make sure that in Paul’s days, Roman legislative system did had these types of workers and provisions, and I found out again that the Bible is accurate here from the point of view of historical data (Green, 2010). Next, I proceeded with analysis of the biblical verses I found noteworthy in connection with the theme of its trustworthiness from the historical point of view. In Acts 19:28 (NRSV Bible), the audience reads, “when they heard this, they were furious and began shouting: “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”” Refereeing to my primary research, I have found the parallel between this biblical account of religious practices common in the first part of the first century C.E. and the histori
One of state law requirements is that cities should prepare general plans and regularly update them. General plan is a long range and internally constituted statement of the city development and preservation policies. It serves as a constitution for the future physical development (Mell 45). It acts as a statement of community goals, values, objectives, and creates a future vision of the city. General plan also referred as a development or comprehensive plan guides decision makers when making future decision. It helps them set community priorities and values which are helpful in making future decisions (Thomas 102). The general plan consists of goals, objectives, policies and actions that help to manage change. It also specifies what is essential to communities and portrays where different development should be allocated. Once a general plan is adopted it should be evaluated regularly to enable the access effectiveness of various programs. These help decision makers to modify various programs in order to continue moving toward the set goals and help to remodify assumptions which may longer be relevant due to changing circumstances. Elements Of a general plan include: utilities, transport, land use, recreation and housing (Mell 234). City of Chicago is located in the U.S State of Illinois on the Southern western shore of Lake Michigan. It is the third biggest city in USA and covers 590 square kilometers. It is the pioneer of skyscraper building after building of a first ever skyscraper building, the Home Insurance Building. The skyscraper building started in Chicago after the Great Chicago fire which increased the price of land. This made architect adopt the trend of building upwards. Since then, other developers have followed this pattern making Chicago have a boom in the skyscraper buildings like Trump International Hotel and 55 East Erie (Carl 29). Chicago is one of the world greatest urban places and Lake Michigan and River Chicago define the heart of the city. Its broad lake front system, which is built beyond the original shoreline, distinguishes Chicago from any other city in the USA. The most valuable asset of Chicago is the lake front, its park system, the collection of cultural institution and entertainment facilities. Chicago is also distinguished from other cities like San Francisco by its flat topography which has allowed numerous building of tall buildings, which makes the city unique. It is also renowned in the world for its unique park system like the museum campus and Millennium Park (Carl 57). The Chicago transport system moves people masses and billions of dollars annually, and it is the hub of the world most extensive railway system, home of two busiest airports, have a well-established bicycle network and support the nation’s busiest transit system. Transport drives the economy and thus should have well coordinated plan for managing the transport system (Mell 89). In coming up with an effective transportation plan, it is crucial to study the social, historical and economic characteristics of the city. This helps to detect
The case under analysis is connected with such popular nowadays issue of drugs and drug abuse. 24-year-old single Caucasian male called Sampson is convicted of possessing crystal meth. Though, he says that he does not use it regularly and his experience in this field is not rich. He confesses that he tried it six month ago with his girlfriend. Since that time he has used it not more than six or seven times. According to his words, meth is not a problem for him as he is not addicted and, moreover, he does not have the history of addiction in his past. Members of his family also do not suffer from any kind of addiction. Samson is a socialized male. He works as an assistant manager in a local book store. He has never committed any crime and now he faces legal action because of possession of crystal methamphetamine as well as his girlfriend, who is also accused of prostitution. The case is also supported with some relevant psychological and medical information. Sampson had some problems when his parents were divorcing. He was helped by the counselor. He says that it was useful and helped him very much. He attended school and finished it with average grades. Though, he left college when he was suggested the job. First of all, it should be said that Sampson does not seem to be a person with complicated psychological problems. However, the necessity of some psychological investigation should not be denied. Taking into account some problems connected with the divorce of his parents, it should be said that some problems are still possible ( Primary Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment: 2005, 2008). The fact is that divorce can have pernicious influence on the conscience of a child and can result in the appearance of some hidden psychological problems and the feeling of guilt. With this in mind, is should also be said that supervision is needed. Though Sampson denies regular substance use, it is necessary to control this issue because of his background. Problems in childhood can lead to the development of depression and usage of crystal methamphetamine can be taken as the attempt to get rid of it (Brocato & Wagner, 2008). With this in mind, it should also be said that some assessment tool should be created for Sampson to be able to determine whether he has any symptoms of depression or not. Additionally, it is also possible to recommend to guarantee support from the family (Hanser, Mire, & Braddock, 2011). Being one of the main factors which can influence the appearance of depression, family obtains great importance now because of its possible positive influence on Samson. Finally, resting on the results of tests and data provided by assessment tools, it will be possible to make a certain conclusion. If Sampson really has symptoms of depression, his readiness to change should be measured and, with this in mind, a certain kind of therapy should be recommended. Additionally, similar work should be done with his girlfriend as she obviously has great influence on him and it could be her who suggested to try drugs. Being a prostitute, she obviously has complicated problems which should also be investigated. However,
The fire, which took place at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 in New York City, was one of the greatest tragedies in the history of the city. As a result of this fire, 146 persons were dead, mainly female workers of the factory. The factory was situated in a building which belonged to the Asch company. It was considered that the building was fireproof, but this particular event showed that the fire safety measures were not in order. All the exits to stairwells were blocked in order not to allow the workers to leave their working places and as a result, people had to jump from the eighth and ninth floors. In spite of all the efforts of fireguards, they were not successful in quenching a fire because of the high height of the building. The owners of the factory came up for a trial on a charge of the safety rules violation. This terrible accident sparked a public outcry. It is believed that this tragedy has changed American society. Shortly after the tragedy, there emerged a special committee aiming to audit and control occupational health and safety compliance at factories. Moreover, this incident gave impetus to the activation of the role of labor and womens organizations such as International Ladies Garment Workers Union. The tragedy caught the public attention to the problems of dangerous working conditions at factories and caused the appearance of different laws aiming to guarantee the safety of workers. Apart from the unfortunate occurrences of this accident, such as the high height of the building and the absence of technical means to smother a fire, the main reason for the tragedy was the fact of the blocked doors (Argersinger 2). Many labor organizations and civic activists were indignant of such culpable negligence. The reason for this negligence was obvious. The owners of the factory were interested in maximum value capture. The doors were locked intentionally in order to make the stuff of the factory work all day long as effectively as possible. Many civil activists and representatives of labor organizations considered it to be the rude violation of human rights. At that time, the problem of the protection of workers rights and a need for reforms were as relevant as ever. Nevertheless, many outstanding thinkers had another point of view. There were the adherents of the laissez-faire capitalism who stated that the government was not supposed to interfere in economic functions. The main argument of the disciples of this principle was the statement that the economy is a self-regulative system, which finds the effective balance in accordance with its needs. The interference of a state ruins this balance and in such a way, leads to unpredictable consequences. A government, according to this point of view, should perform the role of a night watchman state, protecting their citizens and their property but with minimum interference in their activity. One of the prominent advocates of this theory is William Graham Sumner. He rejects the role of a state as a social institution, which is able to provide social well-being. He is convinced that a person cann
Introduction The comparison between Las Vegas and Boston are as discussed below Boston is on Eastern Standard Time while Las Vegas is in the western average time. Linking them is Mountain Time such as Rocky Mountain States, Colorado and parts of Texas and the Central Average Time Michigan, Ohio, the whole of Midwest downward to Mississippi. There is a difference of three hours, with Boston being ahead of Las Vegas. The time now in Boston, Massachusetts is 12:59 AM on Wednesday, October 15th, 2008 while Las Vegas, Nevada is three hours behind Boston, Massachuset. Main body If someone who lives in Boston, MA wants to call a friend in Las Vegas, Nevada, he can try to call them between 10:00 AM and 2:00 AM time in Boston. This will range from 7 AM to 11 PM their time, because Las Vegas, Nevada is three hours behind Boston. If someone is available any time but wants to reach someone in Las Vegas, Nevada at the workplace, he may want to try between 12:00 PM – 8:00 PM his time. This is the best possible time to get to them from 9 AM to 5 PM in normal working hours. Las Vegas is relatively cheap with its never-ending stretches of new suburbs which is a better place to reside than the expensive and luxurious Boston, which has complex parks, campuses, coastline, and limitations on expansions in the name of maintaining its antique small cities. For several people, a city with no sin is better. But it should not become infidelity of conventional principles to be grateful for a city such as Boston, with virtually its 4 centuries of tradition. For the Americans, It’s an amazing achievement that they are continuously building development from the dirt up out on the exurban boundary as they escape the lofty cost, poor schools, overcrowding, and their old home crimes. The similarities between Las Vegas and Boston in the issue of race and ethnicity is that the constant disparity in effect across different racial and ethnic groups in such areas as health and education. Cultural richness is another issue that increases diversity in racial and ethnic that contribute to a town and county. In the United States history, people of color have encountered inequality for example slavery, which led to inheritance of unfairness and a high impediment to advancement in education and economics. Many injustices in the historic time were tackled through the invention of legislations which in turn acknowledged the rights of African Americans to equal educational quality to that of whites. Also, the voting rights prohibited favoritism against those who attempted to implement their right to vote. Both Las Vegas and Boston have regularly been ahead in amending laws and organizing of movements which are geared to promoting racial fairness, from the elimination of slave trade in the eighteenth century to the more current law, make certain access to residents housing mortgages to all of Boston and Las Vegas neighborhoods. The effect of centuries of legal and economic disadvantage cannot be wiped awa
Introduction It is the prerogative of the United States government to ensure that financial activities benefit the country from an economic perspective. The government of the United States has for a long time used the services of the Federal Reserve in managing the country’s financial affairs. However, the Federal Reserve operates under the mandate of the Department of the Treasury (Lambert and Kristin 567). As indicated earlier, other critical agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Federal deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) have different functions associated with the country’s financial situation. There are other institutions mandated with regulation, supervision and oversight over financial activities. In this context, political factions such as the House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services and United States Senate Committee on Finance assume the regulation, supervision and oversight functions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank plays a crucial role that affects the country’s financial stability. Therefore, this research paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the United States financial government agencies and institutions by focusing on their mission, functions and associated congressional oversight. Federal Reserve The mission of the Federal Reserve is similar to that of the central bank in the United States. In this context, the Federal Reserve is mandated with establishing a safe and stable financial system that addresses the country’s economic needs (“Federal Reserve” par. 1). Functions The Federal Reserve is obligated with developing a monetary system that improves the country’s employment rate. However, this is achieved through effective monetary and credit regulations that stabilize national prices and interest rates (“Federal Reserve” par. 1). The Federal Reserve assumes supervisory and regulatory functions especially over banking institutions (“The Federal Reserve System. Purposes & Functions” 59). From this perspective, lending financial institutions are monitored to ensure consumers’ rights are not violated from high interest rates. The Federal Reserve conducts a financial risk assessment to ascertain whether the country’s economy is facing future challenges. The Federal Reserve is considered the last resort by depository institutions that require financial services. In addition, the institution lends the government with monetary services. Congressional oversight The Federal Reserve incorporates Board of Governors appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate. The Board of Governors has a mandate to report to the senate on matters regard
Introduction The Baldrige Program is a national program designed in a public-private partnership to educate organizations on performance excellence and improve the performance of organizations within the U.S. The program is funded by the Baldrige Foundation, which is composed of leaders from different U.S. organizations. The program includes a complex of assessment tools and criteria required to estimate the organization’s current situation and the company’s signature product – the Baldrige Framework for Excellence. According to information provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, 2019), more than one thousand organizations annually use the Baldrige Excellence Framework. Among these organizations, 124 Baldrige Award winners serve as national role models in all areas of the economy (NIST, 2019). The economic evaluation of the Baldrige Performance Excellence Program reports that the ratio of benefits from the program to the U.S. economy is 820 to 1 (NIST, 2019). One of the most common areas of the economy that gets significant benefits from the program’s application in the healthcare system and hospitals. Critical Thinking The company’s main product, the Baldrige Program Framework for Excellence, is a booklet that provides valuable information on leadership and management practices. The booklet is designed to educate the organization and its’ leaders on performance excellence by uncovering principles and strategies vital for organizational performance and providing information on cases of successful application of performance-driven practices. The information is separated into seven categories that compose the organizational profile: leadership, strategy, customers, workforce, operati