ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction John Wayne Gacy was a serial killer and rapist, who murdered and tortured 33 young boys in the 1980s. Almost all of them he lured them to his house and then strangled them to death. The bodies Gacy buried in his basement. The psychological profile of this criminal could help solve or prevent further crimes by identifying the patterns of his behavior and the nature of his abnormalities. Case Study: Psychological Profile of John Wayne Gacy Background, Early, and Middle Childhood To have a better insight into Gacy’s psychopathic behavior and crimes we need to delve into his Childhood. Gacy was born into a family of a homemaker mother and a father veteran of the First World War and a car repair person. In his young years, Gacy never received enough of his father’s love and recognition. In fact, he frequently became a victim of violence from his father’s side often for no particular reason. The senior Gacy had a problem with alcohol, which has contributed to the complicated family relationships and was often a cause for multiple beatings and humiliations he inflicted upon his son. Despite that fact, according to his statements, Gacy never hated his father and always tried to earn his respect. As a child, Gacy was having problems with excessive weight, which caused him troubles at school, namely, the lack of friends and bullying from peers (Cahill, 1986). Together with the absence of father’s approval, this probably was a reason for his low self-esteem. Among other childhood experiences that may be considered signs of Gacy’s abnormality was the fact that a family friend molested him at the age of seven. He never told his parents about the incident out of fear of mockery and beatings from his father. A shocking experience of that kind with no help from a trained psychologist or simply an understanding family left Gacy no choice
Research Method To answer the research questions, it is essential to adopt a specific approach that is likely to be helpful for this study. Since the questions listed in this paper do not require answers based on clear statistics and numbers, it is possible to suggest that descriptions and recommendations for further research on the topic will be sufficient. Additionally, suggestions for solving the identified problems and shortcomings will also be part of the answers. Therefore, the chosen method is the qualitative literature review. Overall, it is a rather valid choice for searching for the necessary evidence and answering the questions. This method will allow to gather valuable information, analyze different authors’ views, and gain a complex and rich understanding of the topic under study. Since the diversity and team performance topic is well explored by professional researchers, it is possible to find relevant information and compare various points of view while ensuring that the data is credible and trustworthy. Additionally, the literature review method will be helpful in identifying existing gaps and providing suggestions regarding future studies. As for the information sources that are used in this research, they are numerous peer-reviewed articles and scholarly papers written on this topic. Precisely these works are typically biased-free, trustworthy, credible, and relevant. Moreover, all the chosen papers have the necessary information explained in detail and proved by tables, citations, and figures. Their own lists of references may be helpful for the current research or in case this paper’s readers decide to explore the issue deeper or refer to the primary sources. Finally, secondary data analysis is applied to systematize the finding and draw specific conclusions that will answer the research questions. Discussion This section of the paper is devoted to discussing and analyzing the information found in the reviewed literature to provide answers to the research questions. Since there are three of them, the issues will be explored in turn. Each finding or evidence will be cited, and credit will be given to the original research. Effects of Diversity on Team Performance To begin with, it is essential to notice that the literature review showed a certain level of disagreement between the researchers about whether diversity has positive or negative influences on team performance. For example, in their empirical research paper, Churchill and Valenzuela (2019) state that “higher levels of ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity are associated with poorer firm performance” (p. 2079). The authors explain this fact by noticing that companies’ KPIs typically depend on several mechanisms of influence, involving s
What the experiment tells us about the way in which bystanders respond to a crisis when in a group The 1971 Stanford mock prison experiment was crucial in understanding bystander effects because not all prison guards were hostile to the inmates in the mock prison. They had the power to alter the behavior of their counterparts by stopping their torturous actions but opted not to do so. The bystander effect is usually measured by how long observers take to respond to a crisis if at all they choose to do so. At Stanford, no intervention was ever made by the good prison guards. In fact, for six long days, none of them felt the obligation to intervene and only an outsider by the name of Christina Maslach was bold enough to break the cycle of this horrible experiment. (Zimbardo, 2007) The experiment provides a lot of insight into the bystander effect. First, as social psychologists have rightfully pointed out, most observers fail to assist in emergency response because they seek social proof. In other words, they often look at what others are doing and then make their decisions based on their colleagues. In the Stanford case, most guards including the initiator of the experiment himself (Zambardo) thought about what the rest of the group was doing and they all interpreted the inaction of others as a sign that it was okay to do nothing. Maslach was actually seen as queer and most of the guards laughed at her when she initially stated her reservations on the experiment. Another reason that could have prompted guards on the Stanford mock prison to refrain from assisting the victimized inmates is responsibility diffusion. In this principle, a person in a crowd will tend to assume that responsibility for responding to a crisis will always be taken on by another person. The good guards in this scenario may have passed on the responsibility to act because they may have assumed that other guards will take on that initiative. In other words, the presence of a crowd or a group often reduces the pressure to act heroically or to help. Alternatively, it may be a classic case of conflict avoidance. The bystander guards may have assumed that the bad guards would stage an attack against them or they may have been afraid of causing tension amongst themselves. This experiment, therefore, shows that social approval is a key driver for action as many observers frequently justify their actions through these very notions. (Collins et al, 2007) How the Stanford experiment compares with my own observations of the by stander effect I have undergone numerous instances of the by stander effect, however, two major incidences stand out to me. The first one took place relatively one month at a city street. A man suddenly fell on part of a six–lane highway as a result of seizures. I was buying some items at a nearby store and watched from the window as the individual seized for approximately seven minutes while everyone just passed by and left him to himself. This was definitely a crisis; since the person was on a road, a fast car may not see him and he was in danger of being run over. Furthermore, epilep
Introduction This paper is aimed at discussing the adoption of educational technologies in such a country as the Maldives. It is necessary to focus on the geographic, demographic, and economic peculiarities of this state. Furthermore, much attention should be paid to the policies on information and communication technologies (ICTs). Additionally, one should understand the challenges that they face when establishing ICT. One can argue that the policy-makers of this country appreciate the role of ITCs for the professional development of students. Nevertheless, they have to overcome infrastructural problems. This is the main argument that can be put forward. Maldives at a glance The Republic of Maldives includes 26 atolls that are located between the Chagos Archipelago and Minicoy Island (Ellis, 2008, p. 4). According to the 2013 estimation, the population of the country numbers 393,988 people (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). Dhivehi is the official language in the Maldives; however English is also widely spoken. The state can be described as a presidential republic. The economy of this country strongly depends on tourism, since this sector yields approximately 29 percent of the GDP (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013). These are some of the main aspects that need to be considered. Historical overview of education in Maldives It should be noted that in the educational system of this country has long been based on such organizations as edhuruge. This term is used to describe the gathering of children in some private home (Mohamed & Ahmed, 1998, p. 1; Rao, 2005, p. 183). These schools were governed by local communities. One should bear in mind students, who attend edhuruges, only receive rudimentary knowledge of arithmetic and Quran (Mohamed & Ahmed, 1998, p. 1). Currently, there are attempts to make edhuruges more consistent with the academic standards that are set by the state (Gupta, 2007, p. 119). The Maldives Ministry of Education was formed in 1968 (International Bureau of Education, 2013). In turn, the decision of to unify national educational system was adopted only in 1978 (Mohamed & Ahmed, 1998, p. 1). To a great extent, the changes in the educational system of this state can be explained by the developmental needs of the country. The sustainability of its economy was dependent on the availability of skilled labor. This is one of the issues that can be singled out. Present education system in the Maldives The Ministry of Education Cu
Introduction A job interview is a tool for the assessment of a potential employee. Interestingly, it also allows interviewees to obtain otherwise inaccessible information. The following paper provides a review of an article “32 brilliant questions to ask at the end of every job interview,” connects its content to personal interviewing experience, and provides the rationale for the selection of questions. Main body The article was selected for three reasons. First, the content of the article provides thought-provoking content that presents the familiar situation in an unusual light. Despite a reasonable amount of tension, job interviews eventually become a routine. Such development creates a false impression that few deviations from the familiar course of action are possible. In this regard, the article provides a fresh perspective and highlights the aspects that I personally tend to overlook. Second, the majority of questions in the article are provided by prominent experts from a variety of reputable organizations. Such diversity of opinions significantly increases the scope of the included content and provides a trustworthy compilation of views and experiences. In addition, according to the references, at least some of the contributors are directly involved in interviewing the applicants, which makes their insights especially relevant. Finally, I was expecting to find in the article the information that could be utilized outside the job interview area – that is, in a broader cont
Byars (1991) emphasized Management entails harnessing the various management principles to generate revenues and profits. The research focuses on the importance of implementing the management principles in increasing the company’s revenues and profits. The research centers on the awareness, adaptation, and management changes aspect of achieving the company’s goals and objectives. The implementation of the different management principles catapults the company in generating higher revenues and profits. I. Cultural awareness, adaptation and management changes been reflected in this case study. The company focuses the philosophy of offering “consistently exceptional service”. Hallowell, Bowen, and Knoop (1) were right in stating the Four Seasons hotel focuses on delivering high quality, truly personalised service to enable guests to maximise the value of their time”. The firm’s top managers were at home in any diverse international setting. Antoine Corinthios, president of Europe, Middle East, and Africa, explained the cultural awareness, adaptation and management changes with the state “French in France, French in France”. Baumueller (2007) theorized Corinthios’ leadership success is based on his “chameleon” leadership style. A chameleon is an animal that changes its color to blend with the color of the environment; it turns green in a green environment and turns brown in a brown environment to protect itself against predators and capture its elusive insect meals. Likewise, Churchill (1995) insisted the company policy of “no bragging, no excuses” works wonders on the increase in hotel client loyalty. The hotel line and staff focus their services on being “very professional and not pretentious; detail oriented’ and interested in people”. Excuses for failing to meet the hotel’s standards in terms of customer service and other job performance standards were never options. In addition, the line and staff had strong allegiance to the firm. Many of the company’s management team continues to work for the company for more than 25 long years. The line and staff classified the hotel employees and management as their “family”. The hotel family is coated with lots of rules, traditions, and love. The changes are important in today’s management. Chapman (2007) proposed the cultural awareness, adaptation and management changes are important to the accomplishment of the Four Season’s approach to internationa
Introduction Agriculture has a significant impact on the growth and development of economies around the world. Agriculture is important for developing countries; for this reason, farmers need new technologies to support and promote its development. This shows that research studies should be undertaken to develop approaches that can promote the sustenance of agriculture and food security. Lack of food is an indicator of the failure of policies and subjects citizens to the threat of starvation. Nations which cannot feed their people affect the future of the population; it is a very serious matter, especially when it comes to child mortalities. Therefore, with the recent launch of telecommunications around the globe, mobile phones have become transformation tools for development. The paper seeks to outline the influence of mobile phones on developing agriculture and how they help create food security around the world. Agricultural growth This research will enable farmers to improve their farming techniques, which will, in turn, promote economic growth. Farmers have been dependent on the shifting seasons to grow their crops. This has caused a loss because such seasonal changes have become unpredictable making farmers constantly be afraid of droughts or floods. Some are not aware of when to plant their seedlings since they cannot determine when the rainy season may end. Farmers, through their mobile phones, may send text messages inquiring about weather conditions of their regions so as to plant their seedlings (“Beyond Voice” par 4). In addition, mobile phones can enable farmers to access farming tips that can advance their farming practices. Through message queries, farmers get access to agricultural information, which is relevant in protecting their animals and crops from pesticides and other diseases. Mobile phones facilitate the transmission of information from one person to another. The outbreak of numerous animal diseases has caused a negative impact on farming because many animals died. Some farmers lack sufficient knowledge regarding certain diseases, and when such outbreaks occur, they incur problems that affect production. Therefore, through mobile services, the information will be passed to farmers in case of an outbreak (“Eureka Moments” par 6). Through communication, the farmer is able to connect with the marketing agencies that buy the goods. Agriculture involves creating a link between a sell
Introduction to the Theorist Majority of individuals chase nursing profession with the aim of being involved in assisting patients to get well. However, this was not the case with Imogene King. Her dream had been to be a teacher. When she grew up, her uncle offered her the opportunity to train as a nurse. She could not resist the offer, as it would allow her to escape from her small hometown known as West Point, Lowa. As she left for Missouri, she never figured that she would eventually become a pioneer and adored nurse theorist (Pamela, 2009). History and Overview of the Theorist The nursing theorist was born Imogene King in 1923. She was the lastborn in a family of three children. She studied in the small village of West Point called Lowa. Her childhood dream to become a teacher was sustained until she completed her pre-college school. King was not comfortable in her town setting despite the motivation to become a teacher. The offer by her uncle to train as a nurse presented the timely chance to move out of West Point. King received her Nursing Diploma at the age of twenty-two years. When she received the diploma from St. Johns Nursing Hospital in Missouri, she had no idea that three decades down the line she would be the most esteemed Nursing Theorist. At the age of twenty-five years, she received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Education. This includes minors in Philosophy and Chemistry from the same nursing hospital. King practiced as a nurse for the next nine years while pursuing a Master of Science in Nursing at the hospital university. The challenges that she faced did not deter her from pursuing Doctorate in Education at Teachers College in Columbia University. She received the doctorate in 1961 after which she fully engaged in her career as a professional nurse. Her tenacity to be a teacher was reflected when she was appointed as the Superintendent Director of the Ohio State University specifically the School of Nursing. Between 1961 and 1980, she was appointed an Educator at St. Johns University, South Florida University and Loyola University thus further demonstrating her urge to be a teacher (Pamela, 2009). She demonstrated her prowess in nursing education when she published Toward a Theory for Nursing: General Concepts of Human Behavior. This was followed by A Theory for Nursing: Systems, Concepts, Process. King’s Theory of Goal Attainment developed when she sought to respond to her own concerns including “The goal of nursing, roles of a nurse and the expansion of nurses understanding to offer quality care.” After receiving multiplicity of honors during practice, King passed on 24 December 1997. Major Components of the Theory The major components of the theory are discussed below. Man The theory begins with the individuals having health needs that are categorized into three. First, it is necessary to have health information, which is functional. Second, there is need for healthcare to aim at the prevention of sickness. Third, there is need for healthcare when individuals lack the capacity to assist themselves. The individual’s discernment of the needs is influenced by a va
The body can be defined as the whole physical or the main part of a human being or animal (Borst 65 ). On the other hand, the mind is considered to be or is defined as the part of a human being which desires, reasons, thinks as well as feels. It is the consciousness of a human being (Borst 43). Dualism is a notion or a concept believed by individuals who consider the mind to exist independently from the body and continues to live on after one passes away. It posits two equally powerful principles which explain our experience of the world in general (Devitt 88). Dualism predicts that the brain and mental functions will not always correlate since they are not one and the same (Borst 50). Mind-Body Dualism is whereby it is believed that the mind and the body are totally separate and different entities, which are not related in any way or which are not the same (Devitt 45). It depicts that as brain functions are interfered with, the mind will not necessarily be affected or altered with. Biblically, this concept appears to be true in that man was formed with a soul, that is, the mind, and a body, even though philosophy teaches or tends to show the differences between the mind (soul) and the brain, also referred to as matter (Borst 57). The distinction between the body and the mind can be traced back as early as the 16 th Century, where a French Philosopher, René Descartes (1596 – 1650) gave an account of how the body and mind relates (Descartes 62). According to him, the mind was a completely separate entity from the body though they could affect or communicate with each other, via the pineal gland, which he believed to be the only organ in the brain that was uniquely human (Russel 99). When an individual performs meditation for instance, he/she becomes aware of and understands the mechanisms that unify both the mind and the body. Ancient Greeks believed that the soul of the human being was of a completely different essence than his/her body (Borst 100). The two were considered to be of primarily different nature, for instance, the division of the body could be done by the removal of a limb, but the soul remained inseparable (Devitt 76). The body is essentially complete while the mind is non-extended, meaning that the mind could and can exist without the body (Borst 67). An example is given of a certain Dr. Adrian Owen and his colleagues of Cambridge, who carried out an experiment on a woman who was said to be in a vegetative state, to prove the existence of Mind-Body Dualism (Devitt 50). The woman had no consciousness whatsoever. In the course of the experiment, the researchers asked the woman to imagine herself either walking around her house or see herself playing a game of tennis (Descartes 88). An fMRI tested the understanding of the brain apart from the mere reflex to sounds. The two sets of thoughts laid before her showed that she was capable of thinking and this was measured and reflected on the fMRI (Descartes 90). Random, or rather, nonsense words were also uttered during the test to mak