ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Currently, public discourse is believed to be full of incivility because human communication became disrespectful. People are often rude in their expressions and they do not care about the possibility to hurt others with their claims. Focusing on the ideas developed in the framework of interactional psychology, it can be presupposed that the best way to return to civility in public discourse is to affect organizational behavior (Antweiler). In particular, it seems to be beneficial to affect employees because they represent the majority of the general public and are an example for young children who tend to copy them. A respectful environment can be built when employees are led by their leader’s behavior. Violation of social norms should be minimalized to ensure positive changes. It can be advantageous to develop particular rules for in-person and via email communication to set the tone for the community (Carroll-Garrison). It can be even advantageous to develop specific courses for newcomers and experienced workers to enhance their interpersonal behavior. It is also possible to develop initiatives that address uncivil behavior (Solon). For instance, a person can be suspended from the exercise of his/her duties for a while. If all organizations within a community develop a policy that deals with discourse incivility and improper behavior, they are likely to change people’s interactions at work. Spending much time in such environment, individuals are likely to act in the same way when being at home or in public places. There should be a possibility to report aggressive behavior so that it can be addressed and prevented in the future. Nevertheless, it is critical to build a respectful environment not only within an organization. Technological development made it possible to share information on the Internet, and incivility should be avoided there as well. In the majority of cases, people swear or start conflicts online when they realize that no one will understand who they really are. Minimalizing options for anonymity can be a great way out in this situation (Graf et al. 256). It is also possible to create a ban for messages that include discourse incivility (Stead). Seeing that messages with improper language are not viewed on a website, people who write them tend to stop doing so. When a change is needed, it is vital to make people understand it. To overcome discourse incivility, authorities should explain to people how they should interact. It can be done with the help of particular education and resources (Williams). For instance, there should be courses not only for language development but also for the enhancement of problem-solving skills and conflict resolution. The representati
Executive Summary In their effort to expand their feminine customer base, Nike released a series, Margot vs. Lily, which reflects on the experiences that young ladies go through to achieve physical fitness. It shows how Nike merchandise and digital products help Margot, one of the main characters to become a physical fitness star. Creativity and logic together with the emotional appeal are evident in the series, and every young lady who sets her eyes on it cannot help sharing the ad on social media. In 2016, Nike released a series prominently known as Margot vs. Lily in their “Better for It,” campaign. The series features stories of two sisters, Margot and Lily. The episodes branded content series point to Nike’s ‘Better for It’ website, which features articles and blogs highlighting particular workouts illustrated in the show. The series displays Nike merchandise such as sneakers, workout gear, as well as glimpses of Nike digital products like the Nike+ Training Club app and portrays them as essentials for enabling aspiring athletes to do better through a digital ecosystem of engagement (Kelly, 2016). Promotion The transition of Margot from being a lady with no interest in sports to a prominent fitness guru arouses attention, interest, and desire of millennials, most of who would love to adopt the actor’s lifestyle (Bovee & Thill, 2016). Finally, the series encourages women to use Nike products and services for a superb experience in their fitness activities. The ad is creative since it is done as a series, which most millennials who hate watching advertisements cannot help to follow keenly and in the process, the commercial aspect (promotion of Nike products) is delivered to them in an irresistible manner. Margot vs. Lily series ad has both logical and emotional appeal. The charisma is logical in the essence that its two major characters are an almost-real reflection of the lifestyles of a millennial audience. For this reason, the series has many ‘likes’ on Youtube and is widely shared on Facebook, and many people have talked about it on Twitter (Kelly, 2016). The many posts on its regard on almost the entire online platforms and social media prove that it has been persuasive to many. It is easy for a new customer to like and eventually buy the Nike products because of watching Margot vs. Lily series. The artistic part of the series, as well as the compelling message asking the audience to use the products for personal fitness, makes me want to buy the product. In this campaign, Nike is targeting young women who aspire to become physically fit, and its marketing objective is to grow its annual sales of women products (Kelly, 2016). In conclusion, Margot vs. Lily series in ‘Better for It’ campaign by Nike is a creative and persuasive adver
Free Speech Introduction Currently, all American citizens enjoy the right to speak out under the protection of the First Amendment to the US Constitution. According to Buyse (2014), freedom of speech is the basis of intellectual discourse. In many ways, every institution of higher learning has the mandate to facilitate the growth of this intellectual discourse. In a bid to nurture the freedom of speech, the United States provides safety to the ethical considerations of free conversations. Freedom of speech is essential because any opinion may have a bit of truth, but even when the claim is disputable, it can be strengthened through discussions. However, one faces many considerations before s/he can speak out. There are times when one needs to have a permit from the institution, and there are things one has to avoid. This paper will show why free speech is essential in higher education and how it has evolved. Background information Speech codes in American universities were established in the late 1980s to ensure that university administrators facilitated the discourse of expression while protecting others from being victimized. However, many observers claim that free expressions of thoughts should not be seen to target certain quarters. Additionally, trying to regulate speech is equivalent to denying the rights accorded by the US Constitution (Downs & Cowan, 2012). Administrators in the higher learning institutions use these speech codes to overstep their limits in regulating speech. However, some administrators alter these speech codes to suppress free expression by inducing censorship for utterances that are considered bias or pervading. Undoubtedly, it is through freedom of expression that many issues have been addressed. Schools offer versatile thinkers who are opinion shapers for various situations affecting the world. For example, the question of racial integration and affirmative action revolve around learning institutions. Thus, only through speaking out that institution can find lasting solutions. Administrators at higher learning institutions have the authority to issue time, place, and manner restrictions on specific speech such as those presumed to encourage racism, tailored to fit precarious situations, or serve some private interests. For example, if a demonstration is expected to prevent the normal functioning of a campus. Additionally, learning institutions should serve as breeding sites for future leaders. If free speech is rest
Andrew Chreng Bio The entrepreneur was born in China in the year 1948. His father was working as a chef during his early life. Andrew Chreng is the founder, co-chairman, and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Panda Restaurant Group, Inc that is based in Rosemead, California. In his early life, he immigrated to the United States. He took his studies at an American university, and in the year 1970, he obtained a B.S degree in Mathematics. His business career started in 1972 after he moved to Los Angeles. Like any other entrepreneur, Andrew had developed a strong desire for achievement. He helped his cousin manage a restaurant. Entrepreneurs are creative people that develop great desires of inventing new ideas (Jang, Liu and Namkung 663). Andrew founded a restaurant in Pasadena to be selling Asian meals. It was his first move of venturing into the business field. In mid-1973, he worked together with his father to take over a restaurant that they named Panda Inn. They made a decision of offering Chinese food. They used the funds from loans that were available for small business administration and family savings. In the year, 1983 he opened the first Panda Express with the aim of offering fast food in Glendale, California. To increase its profitability, Andrew opened outlets and in the year 1993 the company had expanded to hundred restaurants. The chain has become the largest fast-food restaurant in the United States that offers Chinese food (Pearson 21). Business Model and Their Website Panda is one of the largest private owned restaurants chains in the United States. The company focuses on people and food. It values the satisfaction of its customers more than the profits. The restaurant offers fresh food possible. It discards dishes that have stayed at the steaming table for more than twenty minutes to ensure that it provides fresh and green vegetables to its customers. The business targets the majority young people and mainly Asian customers. The company has been closely held by the family. As a result, it has been easier to make decisions and to maintain the vision and mission of the enterprise. The company website has been used as a marketing tool for its products and the quality services offered. It clearly outlines the company philanthropic arm, the Panda Cares, its mission, leaderships and values (Pearson 22). Recommended Areas to Improve from a business standpoint Continuous improvement plays a significant role in the growth of the firm. It enables the company to improve the quality of products offered, speed to market, flexibility, costs reduction, customer value and satisfaction (Westhead 252). Panda Restaurant Group, Inc should improve on it fast food meals. There has been an increased customers’ awareness on the health issues as a result of consuming high-fat contents diets. As a result, it should ensure that it is offering low-fat contents meal and organic food. The business should enhance the skills of its employees through involving them during problem-solving and decision-making processes. Reason for Choosing Andrew Chreng Lessons Learnt I chose him to learn from his ability to grow as an entrepreneur since he is an im
Introduction The study of human behavior has been in existence for many centuries but has only gained prominence in recent times. This can mostly be attributed to popularization by the media especially in the West. Psychologists and behavioral profilers have been gathering valuable data pertaining to the reasons behind any behavior exhibited by different people. They have managed to do this by using psychological theories formulated to facilitate further understanding of how the brain works in forming behaviors. As such, psychology can be described as a field of study that studies behavior. In this study, an analysis of five articles shall be provided. An explanation of why the topics of these articles are related to psychology shall also be offered. Article one The article “Sleep May Be Nature’s Time Management Tool” by Benedict Carey sets out to provide a discussion as to the role that sleep plays in the lives of human beings and animals. The author states that no one really knows why sleep exists therefore setting the context for the article in which she advances the numerous theories that are advanced as to the role that sleep plays. The central theme advanced by the article is that the ultimate role of sleep may indeed be time management. Structure wise, this article is well formatted as the author begins by giving a brief overview on sleep and the ambiguity with which its role is viewed by members of the society thus laying a proper foundation for the main discussion of the paper. The author then proposes the role of sleep and subsequently proceeds to discuss and support the claims that she makes by quoting authoritative figures in sleep research e.g. Dr. Diegel who is a head chief neurobiologist. In this article the author takes care to provide concrete evidence for the claims that she makes. For example, when advancing her main argument about sleep being nature’s own time management too, the author reinforces her assertions by presenting the theories of authorities in psychiatry and psychology who also are of the opinion that sleep optimizes animals’ use of time. However, I feel that the author provided only the bare minimum information on the other theories on the role of sleep thus presenting the reader with only to one side of the coin. In my opinion, the paper would have been more informative if it had briefly discussed the other theories so as to enable the reader to critically evaluate their validity for himself Article two In today’s world, television is almost invariably a part of our lives and trying to keep away from this prominent force is for many people an uphill task. The article “Why We Tuned Out” by Karen Springen as appearing in the NewsWeek on November 11, 2002 attempts to illustrate that shielding one’s children from television is not only possible but comes along with numerous benefits. The main point advanced by Springen is that shielding children from television results in the children being more physically and mentally active. The author also contends that the children do not risk turning into misfits as a result of abst
Abstract The Florida East Coast Railroad project was an ambitious initiative that focused on opening up major cities in Florida to the outside world. Sponsored by an American tycoon known as Henry Flagler, the railroad stretched from Jacksonville to Miami, finally extending to Key West. The construction was started in the late 1880s and through the support from the government and the local business society; it was finally completed in 1912. The railroad used locally available materials and heavily relied on stones. The technical human resource came from Europe and North America, while the laborers were from the local society. Introduction Florida East Coast Railroad is one of the earliest standard gauge railways that were meant to ease transport in this state. The construction of this railroad is credited to Henry Flagler, a tycoon who came to Florida as an investor. He realized that despite the beauty of the state, the infrastructure, especially the transport system, was in a poor state. He saw this as an investment opportunity and started building grand hotels. After careful research of the transport system in this state, he realized that the biggest challenge in rail transport was that there existed disenfranchised railway systems operated by different entities. He realized that the only way of solving this problem would be to develop a standard gauge railway that would make interconnection possible. He realized that by expanding the transport system, he would be opening up the city to visitors from other parts of the world. He would not only earn profits in the railway system but also expand opportunities for his real estate business. After collaborating with other entrepreneurs, Henry commissioned the construction of the railway in the late 1880s. By 1890, he had converted the line to a 1435 mm standard gauge, which was commissioned in 1892 (Bramson 51). The figure below shows the sta
Introduction Many governments are integrating Public Private Partnerships into their development agendas. Among the areas where Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are leading to the growth and development of several economies includes the housing sector (Kabir 565). A partnership between the government and the private sector in the direction of implementing public development presents numerous advantages. Projects under a PPP partnership can benefit from the facilitative capacity of a given government. On the other hand, PPP projects can benefit from the highly skilled expertise of private companies, which is often highly effective in completing given projects within expected quality standards. Moreover, Projects placed under a private partnership framework can easily attract international funding. Over the last three decades, China has experienced tremendous economic growth, which has led to an expansion of her middle class. The Chinese government has embarked to implement housing projects under a PPP framework to mitigate housing shortage. Here, PPP frameworks need to integrate unique dynamics in China as well as learn from previous experiences elsewhere (Smith 8). Background Information The Chinese economy has maintained a steady economic growth over the past two decades. A steady economic growth in China has mainly resulted from government initiatives that allowed the participation of the private sector (Kabir 565). An able leadership designed to pass economic benefits to the Chinese populace from the government is ensuring a rising middle class in China. The demand for public housing in China is thus on the increase mainly because of a rising middle class who have capacity to spend (Smith 8). The real estate industry in China is seeing so much activity that some economists are now fearing for an economic ‘bubble’ there (as it happened in Dubai). Fortunately, the Chinese government is so far showing great leadership, which includes implementing economic measures to mitigate such fears (Smith 8). Public Private Partnerships includes cooperation between governments/public institutions and the Private for the sole purpose of attaining mutual benefits for both parties (Payne 124). Projects completed under PPP framework should therefore avail quality services at an affordable rate to the public. Private companies can benefit from PPP projects by acquiring an opportunity to make profits and participate in public development as well. An approach of involving private companies in public participation is well documented in western countries. Here, ancient governments, including the kingdoms of Greece and Rome, allowed private companies to participate in public development projects (Smith 8). However, past Chinese governments mainly remained reserved towards the integration of the private sector into their economies until the start of the recent economic reforms. Multiple facets of the Chinese economy, including housing and infrastructure, are on a steady increase because of fruitful participation from private companies (because of economic reforms allowing their participation) (Payne 124). An interesting phenomenon present in China, which aligns w
Introduction This paper is aimed at analyzing a current event from a social psychological perspective. In particular, it is necessary to focus on the case related to the so-called Penn State child sex abuse scandal. Much attention should also be paid to the decision of Mike McQueary to testify in the court. Overall, this situation can be analyzed with the help of the cognitive dissonance theory, which was introduced by Leon Festinger. To a great extent, this case illustrates the efforts of an individual to reconcile his beliefs and convictions with his actions by taking brave steps, even though these steps can endanger his career as well as reputation. These are the main issues that should be discussed more closely. Description of the current event This event is related to the scandal which broke out in Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) in 2011. It should be mentioned that Jerry Sandusky, an assistance coach employed by this university, was accused of sexual harassment. According to the criminal investigation, this person abused 48 boys who were underage at that moment (For Sports, 2014). This scandal has also led to the criticism of the leading Penn State officials who were blamed for the complete disregard of the students’ safety (For Sports, 2014). This background information is essential for understanding the significant aspects of this particular event. In turn, this news report is related to Mike McQueary, who also worked as a football coach at this university. At the beginning of March, this person announced that he would testify in the trial of the people who allegedly covered up the crimes of Jerry Sandusky. This person intends to give his account of the events that took place in Penn State several years ago. This testimony may have significant implications for people who previously played a key role at Penn State. For example, one can mention the former president of this university, Graham Spanier (For Sports, 2014). This person may eventually face criminal charges. To a great extent, this case throws light on the experiences of a whistleblower, who is willing to disclose information about unethical practices within an organization. Moreover, in many cases, such a person can endanger one’s professional career as well as reputation. These are the main elements that should be identified because they help analyze this situation and the behavior of Mike McQueary. Description of the relevant theory The concept of cognitive dissonance was introduced by Leon Festinger, who studied the situations when people tried to provide justifications for their actions (Gilovich et al., 2013). Overall, this notion is used to describe the state of psychological discomfort experienced by a person who has to reconcile conflicting values, beliefs, or assumptions (Gilovich et al., 2013). Additionally, these experiences are often familiar to people who postulate specific ideas or principles but do