ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Patient History, Physical Examination, Diagnostics A 40-year-old male complains about right flank pain, high fever, and burning during urination. His personal history includes periodic sexual intercourses, living in the middle-income neighborhood, and frequent alcohol consumption. As for the medical history, the patient has diabetes and hypertension, both of which are controlled. The family history is characterized by prostate cancer in his father and hypertension in mother and two sisters. The above information shows that the identified patient is at a high risk of developing genitourinary diseases, including cancer. The physical examination reveals moderate flank tenderness without rebound and normal bowel sounds. The patient appears sick and anxious, yet he remains oriented and attentive. A set of diagnostic measures is critical to properly identify the disease and further treatment options. Urinalysis (clean-voided specimen) along with urine sensitivity and culture is performed to analyze bacteria and other indicators (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2017). Radiography of kidney or renal ultrasonography can be helpful in determining the kidney size, presence of stones, and any other abnormalities. Differential Diagnoses  1. Urinary tract infection ( Pyelonephritis ). This kidney disease of an infectious etiology is accompanied by an inflammatory process, the cause of which is the penetration and reproduction in the tissues of the kidneys of pathogenic bacteria located in the lower parts of the urinary system (bladder) (Davies, Dargan, & Sved, 2018).  2. Kidney stones in urethra. These are solid formations of various sizes that are localized in the urethra. Most often, they fall into the urethra descending from the bladder, urethras, or kidney (Vijaya, Kumar, Ramarao, Babu, & Ramarao, 2013). The presence of stones in the urethra is accompanied by pain, difficulty in urination up to its acute delay, as well as a change in the shape of the urine stream or its weakening.  3. Urolithiasis. The formation of kidney stones is associated with a metabolic disorder that allows the accumulation of insoluble salts in the kidneys, which is characterized by pain in the lower flack (Vijaya et al., 2013). Pain is amplified or altered during movements and changes in the position of the body. Burning during urination and high grade fever as well as vomiting and blood in urine are the key symptoms of the mentioned disease.  4. Prostate cancer. It is a malignant neoplasm, which arises due to the secretory epithelium of the prostate gland characterized by difficult urination, urinary incontinence, and frequent urination (Heidenreich et al., 2014). The only sign in the absence of the expressed s
The trade in data has in the recent past become a booming business considering the fact that it runs unregulated and it is done without the consent of the victims. Data brokers are exposed to ethical dilemma as the practice has both positive and negative impacts on the society. Leaked data can cause damage as much as it can be helpful. In case where text massages are leaked in a family setup, in as much as this can help to confront cheating spouses, it can as well cause divorce and separation resulting into great harm on the children (EPI, 2009). Proliferation of data brokers have provided an easy way of damping data hence making it extra difficult to retrieve information from an organization involved in this kind of business (EPI, 2009). The loss of data results to greater harm in the event of a legal pursuit on an organization. Loss of data is equally loss of evidence on the company’s past activities. Huge amounts of data in the data storage facilities where companies sell their data causes slow networks due to the congested traffic while users try to retrieve information they require. The United States’ government should regulate private data brokers first of all to protect the valued privacy of the victims. Government involvement will with no doubt help govern and monitor the use of this information hence legal utilization of information will take effect (EPI, 2009). The advantages will be to the victims who by liberal operations of the market risk exposing confidential information. The disadvantage however with government involvement is the fact that the government will introduce a licensing fee that may probably scare away brokers and lead to a shortage that may adversely affect many businesses. The data provided in the U.S.A data web site is very reliable and in most cases it assists the private investigators, law enforcement agencies and spouses who are disappointed in their marriages who are interested in finding the truth about their failing marriage. USA data offers restrictive and limited access of its data to customers visiting the site to retrieve information. This comes after an agreement from the customer to the terms and conditions of the company (EPI, 2009). One of the terms and condition include a payment required to access information in the site. By ordering a mailing list online the type of information found includes consumer list , business list, occupants list, new home owners list, new movers list, physicians list, and specialty lists including technological solutions. USA data provides personalized customer services and an easy ordering system that requires no subscription. The information offered is of ascertained precision and provides access to information from any types of sources(EPI, 2009). The information found in USA data can give a leak to discreet information like how much one earns hence raising privacy
Students need to undertake wide literature review from readings relevant to their syllabuses; the quality and quantity of materials read determines a student’s/learner’s academic success or failure. When tutors are choosing the materials to use or recommend to their students, they need to be sensitive on personal attributes, personalities, perceptions, and social life elements like hobbies/interests, life experiences, and skill level. Barbara Foorman, of the University of Texas, observes that there is close relationship between how children are prepared to be a readers at early age and the interests of readings they develop in future, the scholar says, “88 percent of students who were poor readers in first grade were poor readers in fourth grade” (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD], 2000, 9). When reviewing an article by Phil Hunsberger called “ Where am I? A all for connectedness in literacy ” published in the journal of “ Reading Research quarterly,” I agreed with the writer right from the onset when he suggested that for learning to occur the students need to have close connection with the materials they are reading. The writer emphasized that connectedness is imperative for students; when students appreciate and connect with the materials they are getting information their learning and understanding level are boosted resulting to quality learning and understanding (Hunsberger, 2007). When teaching military people, low socioeconomic status, and single families I am sensitive of the kind of materials I use as I understand the need for students to connect with the materials used. After this week’s research and information studies I have established three texts that are complimentary texts and fall into the middle of the semiotic an
Introduction Professionals of education and educational psychologists often describe the term class management in various ways such as the manner in which the teacher or instructor holds the business of running a classroom, an art which organizes different classroom procedures and activities and the act of managing the classroom, students and the instructional techniques. Class management is a complex process and it includes multifaceted and contradicting activities. The central duty of a teacher is teaching his or her children but the teacher’s complementary duties are manifold and varied. Numerous independent variables implicate this duty like the thoughts and maxim of the school, the written and practical discussion activities in the school, the teachers, the students, the involvement of parents and the rules and relations in schools. Skillful class management requires specific rules and regulations for the effective functioning of learning and teaching procedure. A structured and well planned attitude from the teachers and students is also essential for effective class management. Students in a classroom have different cultural, religious and socio-economics backgrounds. Their intellectual abilities also differ from one another. Here the teacher’s role in a class room reaches complex level and it requires the ability of effective class room management. Then ultimate aim of education is to facilitate a structured personality for children, and the teacher often plays the role of a social engineer in his or her classroom. In the age of technologies and information the teacher’s role has confronted various challenges such as the use of instructional strategies, techniques, tools, psychological learning theories and assessment. Implementation of effective classroom management helps the teacher to improve the teaching process. Literature review The term class management has a wide context and it plays a vital role in the process of education. Teacher’s competency and class room management are highly interrelated. One requires the other for effective functioning of the learning process. Robert T. Tauber states that “The connection between perceived teacher competency and successful classroom management has existed for more than150 years” (Tauber, 2007, p.5). Here the author remarks the inevitable connection between teacher and classroom management. Class room management is widely accepted as one of the significant ingredients intended for middle and high school teachers for more than a few years. The primary and important fact is that it is center to the duty of teaching, and not including superior administration practices the teacher’s occupation is a more difficult and But organization of classroom is a multifaceted process and contradicts the outside impression s
As one of the main names in the fast fashion industry, H&M might be considered a trendsetter for its customers and competitors alike. The company’s brand of affordable, personal-looking clothes has been consistently profitable over the last several years. H&M has become an internationally successful company, with outlets in over 400 countries worldwide, including China, whose market is traditionally difficult to penetrate. However, as recently as 2021 the company was erased from Chinese social media app stores in response to a boycott H&M declared on a Beijing cotton producer in response to forced labor allegations. This issue ties back into the topical conversation on the ethics of fast fashion, sustainable consumption and the human rights debate within the global business context. As evident from the industry title, fast fashion caters to the mass consumer with its emphasis on the comparatively cheap clothes (Javed et al, 2020). Yet to achieve the profitability within the low-cost pricing strategy, fast fashion brands attempt to cut production costs (Rutter, Armstrong & Blazquez, 2017). As a result, many engage in questionable employment practices and below-minimum wage salary payments using the loopholes in local legislation. At the same time, the phenomenon of responsible consumption has been steadily growing over the last several years, as well as the demand for business awareness of its social power. Companies, especially the large-scale ones, currently exist under scrutiny within the public eye, with customers factoring their production methods into their process of making purchasing decisions. Thus, the situations arise, where the firms and the supply countries operate at odds with each other (Hiller Connell & Kozar, 2017). For H&M the event indicates clear financial risk, yet is also likely to be perceived as a PR win by western customer base (Xiao, 2021). As for whether there is a risk of the trend continuing with other countries with unfair labor allegations, for now it is too early to say.
Federal budgeting is a complicated process as a number of aspects should be included. Thus, to make sure that all the items are considered while federal budget simulation, it is crucial to remember the following, the budget consists of spending and revenue sections and the ability to make those balanced is an art of budget development. However, each year the budget of California suffers from deficit. This encourages many economists and politicians to bother themselves with the budget development. It is impossible to reduce the budget deficit by only cutting spending, the revenue should be raised as well as only in this case the balance may be achieved and the participants of the budget formation are not going to suffer too much. The main aspects which are to be covered in each of the sections are as follows. The spending of the budget should cover education (K-12 education, community colleges and US $ CSU support), healthcare, human services, criminal justice, pension and retiree health. The revenue section includes different types of taxes such as income and sales taxes, corporation taxes, business and individual tax credits, car and property taxes, and other taxes. Thus, con
We often hear the word “culture” and sometimes it is difficult to point out what it really means. Although this word is sometimes used to describe yoghurt, molds or bacteria, culture can be used to describe the set of learned beliefs, values, attitudes and behavior of human beings. As the Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (1996) defined it, culture is a “way of life of a [group of] people, including their attitudes, values, beliefs, arts, sciences, modes of perception, and habits of thought and activity. Cultural features of forms of life are learned but are often too pervasive to be readily noticed from within”. To know the differences of other people’s culture, we will try to delve on two Asian cultures — Japanese and Chinese. These two cultures can be quite similar in many features, but we will discover that these cultures are different in some ways. First, it is said that both Chinese and Japanese culture value their loyalty to their job and family. For the Chinese culture, they value the danwei (work unit). Li (2001) described the importance of this type of practice that “even during peace and prosperity, business and social connections are first made with family members, and only then with family friends. This practice was eventually extended to include the danwei (work unit) to which every worker must belong” (Li 33). On the other hand, Japanese society is also group oriented like the Chinese. Japanese people value loyalty to the group (business, club, etc.) and to one’s superiors is essential and takes precedence over personal feelings. In business, loyalty, devotion, and cooperation are valued over aggressiveness. Companies traditionally provide lifetime employment to the “salary-man” (full-time male professional), who devotes long hours of work to the company. Devotion to the group reaches all ages; even members of a youth baseball team will place the team’s interests above their own (Smith 46). The main difference between the Chinese and Japanese concept of loyalty is that the Chinese people emphasize their loyalty to their family as a top priority. It is no wonder that in the Chinese culture, arranged marriage still exists because they value their family more within the Chinese society. In the novel Joy Luck Club (1989) by Amy Tan, one woman was forced into marrying a man she did not love. It is quite disheartening to know that some cultural practices can sometimes get in the way to any person’s personal freedom. Second, Japanese and Chinese cultures rarely exhibit public displays of emotion because they find it embarrassing. For the Japanese people, they often do not show “honest facial expressions” be
God created man like other creatures, but with special abilities. Rahman describes man as an individual, a natural creature, just like other animals. God gave man a special ability to procreate; Rahman states, “Man produces an extract, sulala, which undergoes a creative process when injected into the womb.” The relationship between God and man was established during creation; God created man and gave him a special ability to procreate. Procreation is, therefore, a responsibility given to man by God (16). Considering this responsibility, it is wrong to take a life since God expects mankind protect a life and not to destroy it. Rahman identifies a significant difference between man and other creatures. After man was created, “God breathed his own spirit to him”. This has not been stated when God was creating other creatures. The Quran does not support the doctrine of mind-body dualism that separates the soul and body. These radical doctrines are found in Christianity, Hinduism and Greek philosophy. Man is not composed of two substances or body and soul. This implies that man is one body and soul cannot be separated. It also means that God expects man to act as one and He will judge a man as one being (17). God gives life to others and expects mankind to do only life enriching activities. Protecting the life of others is achieving one of God’s attributes. Denial of life has been condemned as one of the greatest evils and is not compatible with human nature. God expects humankind to enjoy and appreciate the wealth as God’s blessings. However, acquisition of wealth should only be done ethically, in a way that is not putting others in trouble. The story of creation shows God believed in man and intended him to be great. His intentions were to create an assistant or a deputy on earth; this shows that God had a lot of trust in man as His creation. The Quran suggests that angels protested about the decision by God to put an assistant on earth. The angels suggested that man was going to shed blood and work mischief on earth. According to Rahman, God did not deny the allegations made by the angels but He insisted that He knew something they did not know. God initiated a knowledge competition between Adam and the angels where they were to name things and describe their nature. Adam won the competition indicating that he had an extraordinary capacity for creativity. God asked all angels to honor Adam and acknowledge his superiority. All the angels except Satan obeyed; Satan became a rebel working against God. It is undoubtedly that God created man and gave him an extraordinary mind. The intentio
Horizontal and vertical analysis Balance sheet The increase in cash balance followed by a decrease can be an indication that the company is experiencing liquidity problems. It can also result from the payment of debt. The intangible assets declined and thereafter increased. This can result from changes in the fair value of the assets. Finally, the common equity increased over the three years. The increase resulted from issuing new shares and retained earnings. Income statement The net sales declines thereafter it increased. This results from changes in sales volume. Net sales determine several values in the income statements such as taxes and net income. Operating income also followed the same trend as sales. This can result from the prevailing market conditions during the three-year period. Finally, the operating expenses increased thereafter it declined in 2012. The increase in operating expenses can be attributed to unfavorable market conditions while a decline is can be attributed to effective cost management strategies. Time interest earned ratio shows the ability of the company to pay interest expenses from earnings before interest and taxes. The debt to equity ratio shows the proportion of debt and equity financing in the capital structure. Debt to tangible net worth gives the proportion of tangible net worth that is financed by debt financing. A review of the ratios shows that the earnings of the company can adequately cover the interest expense. Further, it can be observed that the debt/equity ratio is quite high. This implies that the company has a higher proportion of debt financing than equity financing. It is not a good indication to stakeholders. Return on assets shows the ability of the company to generate revenue from the assets of the company. The sales to fixed assets ratio show the number of sales generated from a unit of a fixed asset. The profitability ratios show that the profitability declined between the years 2010 to 2011. Thereafter, it increased in 2012. The results show that the profitability is erratic and needs to be observed over a period of time. Forensic accounting and financial audit There are a number of ways by which financial audit differs from forensic accounting. To start with, forensic accounting is an investigative analysis of financial records. In forensic accounting, the party requesting for investigation defines the scope of the work that is to be carried out. The investigating accountant may use similar tests like those used in a financial statement audit though with completely different objectives. On the other hand, a financial statement audit is carried out on a periodic basis with an aim of establishing whether the financial statements of an entity give a true and fair view and comply with standards outlined in GAAP. Secondly, forensic accounting aims at establishing the magnitude of losses incurred as a result of fraud or a loss while financial state
Introduction/ background information Organizations strive to improve the level of productivity of the employees to achieve better productivity and attain a competitive edge in the economies in which they operate. Employee productivity is affected by many factors, and the most notable of these factors is the age of employees. The age of employees can be of advantage and at the same time, a disadvantage to organizational employees and their performance. This is because the old employees have experience and know all the processes of an organization. On the other hand, young employees are energetic and can work effectively. Most countries or states have set the age limits at which employees are supposed to retire or leave work. The retirement age is considered the age beyond which employees’ productivity level reduces to the extent that they can hardly lead to increased production in organizations. Nonetheless, most organizations disapprove the hypothesis about setting a retirement age for employees because of many reasons. While most of the retirement age is set at 65 years, organizations argue that employees in professions become effective and deliver beyond 65 years old. Therefore, an argument has been raging over the possibility of either raising employees’ retirement age or making the employees who have attained the retirement age to be viable to work. There has been a divided opinion on this subject with some employees and organizations supporting it while others do not support it. Research problem Many organizations have established internal legislation to help retain old employees who are critical to organizational functioning and performance. While this is so, there are many pressures from the external economic environment, which still bar these organizations from fully implementing the legislation. These pressures emanate from the argument that firms are supposed to create jobs for youths who graduate from higher learning institutions. This is why governments stick to strict labour laws that support adherence to the set age of retirement. While state labour departments have their reasons for setting retirement age, organizations have their reasons for abolishing working-age limitation for employees. Supportive reasons on both sides have been found to have some rationality. Therefore, one can say that this remains to be a critical issue in the labour industry. There is a need to look deeper into the argument to develop rational findings of an amicable settlement to this issue. This forms the foundation of this research. The research seeks to get the supporting arguments from all the stakeholders and develop the findings that will lead