ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction History is a unique branch of the humanities in many ways as it can provide answers, which sociologists, economists, and political scientists cannot give. Nowadays, researchers in this discipline continue to focus on studying European and Asian civilizations. Only recently, the cultures of Africa and other non-Eurasian regions have begun to become the center of attention for historians (Olupona, 1993). It happened mainly due to the efforts of the scientists such as Arifalo (Fani-Kayode, 2013). It is no secret that each African ethnic group has an exciting and unique history. The Yoruba people stand out among other African nationalities due to their historical origin and mystical founding ancestor. Today, “the Yoruba people occupy the South-Western part of Nigeria, they account for about 20% of the population of the country” (Bamidele, 2003, para. 1). Several existing historical and cultural findings indicate that they came from the Arabian Peninsula (Davidson, 2004). This work explores the mysterious history and interesting traditions of the Yoruba people, focusing on its semi-divine ancestor, Oduduwa. Yoruba People and the Present Before diving into the centuries-old Yoruba culture, a brief description of their current state needs to be provided. As noted above, the vast majority of Yoruba people live in the Nigerian land. There they mostly occupy medium and high socioeconomic positions. According to experts, “the Yoruba people are mainly involved in the financial, press and educational sectors of the country” (Bamidele, 2003, para. 1). The overall picture of their religious diversity and segmentation is similar to that of other African ethnic groups. There are both Christian and Muslim believers of Yoruba origin and adherents of the traditional pagan religion (Bamidele, 2003). Globalization has had little impact on Yoruba culture, and they still take it very seriously, which is reflected in their language, dress code, and manner of interaction. Even their political perspective is primarily shaped by culture and traditions (Peel, 2009). Many of the Yoruba people’s current sociopolitical alliances and conflicts have historical or mythological roots. Oduduwa, Founding Father of the Yoruba Oduduwa, the historical and mythological founding father of this ethnic group, occupies a special place in the Yoruba culture. His figure is the centerpiece of Yoruba history and traditional religion. The Yoruba people believe that he founded Ife, their first city-state, and gave rise to the first royal dynasties of Yorubaland (Adekunle, 2007). However, there is uncertainty as to where Oduduwa came from. There is a migration version of his origin, according to which he came to Yorubaland from one of the southern centers of the Abrahamic religions, namely Egypt, Mecca, or Israel (Jock, 2020). Historians interpret this theory as the migration of the Yoruba population from the Middle East to West Africa during the Middle Ages. The second version is the mythological one, and it is directly related to the Yoruba religious tradition. The myth tells that Oduduwa was born of Olodumare, the supreme deity of the Yoruba pant
On 28th August 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. held a speech that was attended by over 250,000 civil rights fans. His speech which lasted for 18 minutes was given at the moment when blacks were cruelly discriminated against. The speech “I Have a Dream” is always regarded as being among the greatest and famous speeches in history. This speech was a defining period of the Civil Rights Movement in America. Martin Luther King’s background as a first rank leader of the Negro and a member of the civil rights greatly helped him in this speech. He was American blacks’ symbolic leader and a world-image American Rhetoric (2005). The purpose of the king’s speech was to motivate the endorsement of change within the Americans, and the state, in relation to Americans’ inappropriate views towards unlike races or tribal groups in America. King stresses on the American blacks being victimized, Talking about his fellow blacks from both expert and personal levels. King’s objective was to put important pressure on the state and its citizen, by identifying the mistakes of their habits and the promises which have never happened through history. He asks for change and gives out solutions, by so doing he intended to influence the state to unite, thereby ending the historical division among the American citizen. The important information in king’s speech is that everyone is equally created although that was not the case in America at the moment, he had a strong feeling that this will change in the future. There is no doubt that the king’s speech was perfectly researched. In his homework, he seriously read the Bible, The Gettysburg Address, and the declaration of United States of America independence and he indirectly refers to all these in his talk. The style of the speech has been explained as a political treatise, poetry work and improvised and a masterfully delivered talk, coming up with language and imagery from the bible plus rhythm and recurrences. The bigger part of the king’s achievement as an orator was because of his utilization of rhetoric in his communication. He was able to determine the mood and tone of the listeners, and intermingle with them properly. The utilization of metaphors gave him a chance to outline his point to convey an excellent speech. In most cases, he was calm and composed, when needed he was capable to be loud and integrate anyone’s movement. He stopped for applauses often, this permitted the listeners to display their enthusiasm and create them feel included instead of them having a feeling that they are just sitting listening to somebody speech American Rhetoric (2005). King directed his encouragement to white and blank individuals joining hands to attain racial peace and agreement. He specifically wanted to educate the blanks that sameness could be achieved through the application of non-viol
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced significant societal changes all over the world. The introduction of social distancing, face mask wearing, and economic downturn have led people to alter their lifestyles considerably. This paper aims to apply sociological imagination to COVID-19 to analyze how it has affected the lives of individuals and society as a whole. The paper will outline possible changes in social structures and social forces in the GCC region, which may happen as a result of the pandemic. I will also explain how these changes will affect my community and family. The Definition of Sociological Imagination Sociological imagination is a way to see the events of one’s own life in a broader context of social issues and trends. The term was coined by C. Wright Mills, who argued that “neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both” (Smith-Hawkins, 2020, p. 8). Sociological imagination is defined as an awareness of the connection that exists between one’s behavior and experiences and the surrounding society that has shaped the individual’s choices and worldview (Griffiths et al., 2015). By applying sociological imagination to everyday life, people can see that their actions are largely influenced by the prevalent societal trends and practices. Moreover, sociological imagination can show that the decisions people deem their own are actually made with the involvement of their families and communities. One may consider, for example, the decision to have children. In the past, having children was an indispensable part of people’s family lives. Nowadays, people have gained more freedom in deciding whether to have children. However, the eventual decision to reproduce is taken with regard to the culture in which the person lives. For example, in child-centric societies, people are less likely to remain childless because of the pressure they experience from their peers, parents, and the entire community. In Western countries, where the individualistic culture prevails, people do not experience such societal pressure in terms of having children, but they feel urged to boost their personal achievements. As a result, guided by these societal trends, they decide to postpone having children in order to build a career. Although the term “sociological imagination” was invented by C. Wright Mills, the idea of integrating the lives of individuals and entire societies was used by earlier sociologists. For example, Karl Marx used sociological imagination to explain the process of social change (Griffiths et al., 2015). Marx argued that the social conflict between workers and capitalists would lead to tensions and revolts, which, subsequently, would end in a social change (Griffiths et al., 2015). Max Weber also applied his sociological imagination to understand society and argued that standard scientific methods
Introduction Assessment of students can be understood as the process of evaluation of their performance by teachers. It is considered to be an ongoing process of collecting, analyzing and revealing information on the basis of evaluation and making reliable judgments to develop children’s learning. The two important assessment methods are formal and informal. Formal assessment uses conventional homework, quiz, test, etc. So it is test oriented and assessment is carried out by the help of grading and numerical score. By adopting formal assessment method, teachers can analyze the students taking their numerical score and subject wise progress. On the other hand, informal assessment is not associated with student’s final mark or grade. It is performance driven rather than data driven. Informal assessment emphasizes in observing students’ activities, making checklists, quality rating, reviewing students’ portfolio, monitoring their progression, and peer and self appraisal. Does Parents’ Information have any relevance? In the transformation from birth to adulthood of children, parents play an important role. Since parents are fully acquainted with their children, they become important factors in giving valuable information to the teachers. This information helps teachers to have a general assessment over students as they are mutually interdependent. The school community and the parents are equally accountable for children’s development. “Parents and school community will be frequently informed of the philosophy and process of assessment.” (Part IV: A Plan for Assessing Student Performance: Accountability to Parents/Community). Parents should be updated regarding students’ progression toward their main objectives regularly and systematically. Occasional conferences must be organized wherein participation of students, parents and teachers are to be ensured. Soon after the conference, parents can be asked to give feedback which measures their satisfaction and provides ideas for any amendment or improvement. A final survey in association with the parents is to be organized at the end of the school academic year from which it can easily be measured whether the parents are completely satisfied or not. The school authority should collate the feedback from the survey and assess it very specifically. In case of getting positive feedback, it will rejuvenate the assessment process of the teachers’ side which is to be conveyed to everyone through evening gatherings, websites, souvenirs and school wide events. It will enhance the effectiveness of the school in assessing the performance of students. About Students with Special Needs Separate complete data of every student is kept at school as a part of systematic assessment process. Using this relevant data analysis, school authorities identify the students who need special attention or accommodations in terms of assessment. On verifying the data about students, there is a chance to notice some students with physical and mental disabilities or learning difficulties. If such a situation comes to notice, then special
Education is very important in a society because it helps to pass on knowledge, skills and values to people. John Henry Newman writes, “if then a practical end must be assigned to a university course, I say it is of training good members of society” (53). Moreover he says, “… the training of the intellect, which is best for the individual himself; best enables him to discharge his duties to society” (Newman 53). Education is supposed to help improve an individual and Jon Spayde says “The whole world’s a classroom” (65). The three writers talk about the importance of education using different viewpoints. They posit that education is important to a society because it gives individuals a chance to become useful members of society that can make positive contributions. Moreover, education can be used to tackle the issue of gender inequality between boys and girls if the real facts affecting both genders are looked into objectively so that no gender is favored over the other. Education helps to create citizens who are tolerant of one another and who seek answers to problems in the society. Students who get an opportunity to attend universities acquire knowledge, and skills that help them to think broadly. As they tackle their various subjects they get a chance to examine different viewpoints, and hence they are able to consult, help one another, and more importantly respect each other. Such an approach of consultation and respect helps them in the society that has different people, and they are able to relate and tolerate each other. A university education helps the learners to form a habit that stays with them throughout their lives. The attributes of habit formed are “freedom, equitableness, calmness, moderation and wisdom” (Newman 53). Gender equality can be attained through proper education. For a long time it has been assumed that boys have an advantage over the girls in schools. Thus, concerted efforts are made to ensure that girls bridge the gap in education between them, and the boys through policies, and laws. The policies and laws have been put in place to help curtail the advantages that boys have over girls. The general notion is that the girl child encounter many obstacles on their way to education pursuit unlike boys hence need to be empowered to enjoy the fruits of education. Girls are encouraged to work harder in class to compete with the boys, but the boys are not told the same thing it is assumed they know that to do, and many a time some slack in class. The ignorance of the boy child has led to a large number of boys dropping out of school (Sommers 134). Sommers posit that the assumptions that are in the public domain about the advantage of boys over girls in education are economical in truth as the reality on the ground shows a different picture. In contrast, studies show that the girl child now outshines the boy child and that is now disadvantaged. Some shun some career paths altogether. For insta
Introduction Foam board is one of the commonly used products in lighting design because of its ability to assume various shapes upon curving. This product is commonly used in mounting graphic prints, paintings, 3-dimensional designs, and in picture framing (Gibbs 70). The product is made up of three layers which not only to give it the strength needed in different designs but also to add to its ability to withstand unique carvings which are sometimes needed in 3-dimensional designs. According to Pile (90), Monsanto Company introduced foam board into the graphic industry in the late 1950s following the growing concerns that the wood that was used during this time was no longer effective enough to support the new designs that were needed. Because of its effectiveness in light designs, picture framing, document mounting, and other artistry works, Foamboard gained massive popularity in the United States, and later to other parts of the world. Currently, this product is still very popular, especially in lighting designs. The lighting designs used for hotel decorations, home lightings, club lighting designs, and many other lighting designs use this material because of its ability to withstand heat and the fact that it can be curved to assume different shapes. In this research study, the scholar will investigate and document the raw materials needed in the manufacture of foam boards. Raw Materials Acquisition It is important to understand the specific raw materials which are used in the manufacture of foam boards. According to Bliss (113), there has been a massive transformation in the process and materials used in the manufacture of the foam boards. The main material used in the manufacture of the foam boards is paper. The research by Jeferson (89) shows that the invention of the foam boards came from the realization of the fact that paper could be reshaped to form different materials that may include different suite functions. The original foam boards were manufactured using papers and w
Introduction The objective of this paper is to design a network that will be appropriate for the Wembley and Harrow sites, which are approximately 3 miles apart and are within line of sight of each other. Design of computer Area network for Wembley and Harrow sites This paper proposes the Campus Area Network (CAN) as appropriate for computer networking for the Wembley and Harrow sites. A campus area network is an interconnecting network system that connects Local Area Network (LAN) within university community or linking LAN of each school’s building. Typically, CAN is an appropriate networking for Wembley and Harrow sites because this network is larger than LAN, and cover approximate 3 miles of geographical areas. (Javvin, 1) To design a Campus Area Network for Wembley and Harrow sites, some features will be included to satisfy all the requirements of the schools. The network design will consist of 24 ports with 1000 Mbps and this will include Multi-layer Gigabit switch that will be able to link all the school’s computers. Essentially, there is need to connect node and servers at all locations in the schools at the 3 kilometres apart. For connectivity, the paper provides 24-Port 10/100 which will include the Mbps Layer 2 with the Managed Switch. In addition, for the speed of connection between the switch and servers, there is installation of 1000 Mbps Speed that will include High-speed 64/32 bit Gigabit Ethernet cards. This installation will enhance the network to achieve Giga speeds between server and switch. (DaxNetwork, 3). Essentially, the network will also include backbone, which will consist of Single IP that will be used to distribute traffic through backbone subnet. For the scalable bandwidth, there is Gigabit EtherChannel. The advantages of these feature is provided multicast as well broadcast control to feature in the backbone. Moreover, the advantage is to provide the scalable for the network connection. To enhance the quality of service (QoS), there will be configuration of IP (VoIP) that will consist of packet loss that is low enough to enhance the voice quality that will be able to provide Voice and video streaming. (Cisco 9). For the internet connection, the ASDL is appropriate because it offers 24 hours service at fixed cost. Since Wembley and Harrow sites intend to provide virtual classroom where students will be studying online. The ASDL is appropriate for the effectiveness of virtual classroom. There is also the installation of Ethernet network card that will aid the students to make in-text messaging in the online classroom. The advantages of ASDL is that it provides resources for the teachers and students to connect to internet as well as checking email, and all the computers in the schools will be able to be remotely connected to LANs of the schools’ site. (Pardoe, Synder, 72). For the security procedure, it is essential to protect the network against unauthorised access. For pr
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012. Older people and the labour market. cat. no. 4102.0, ABS, Canberra Time , Web. This report dwells upon recent trends concerning inclusion of older people (aged above 55) in the Australian labour market. It is noted that over 5 million Australians (55 years old and older) make up 25% of the country’s population and 34% of these people are involved in the labour market. Importantly, the rate of participation of older people has increased from 25% to 34% since the 1980s. Clearly, the government is trying to encourage older people to enter or re-enter the labour market, as this will positively affect development of the Australian economy. It is clear that participation of older people in the labour market depends on a number of factors. Thus, it depends on gender and 42% of men aged 55 and over have either full-time or part-time jobs. Only 27% of women of the same age participate in the labour market. Again, the rate of participation has increased by 10% and now both older men and women are more willing to continue working. Another factor affecting the participation rate is age. Thus, 71% of people in their mid- and late 50s participate in the Australian labour forces. At that, 24% of those in their mid- and late sixties continue working and only up to 4.5% of people aged 70 are a part of the labour market. These numbers are quite similar for both genders with a difference in the first age group as 35% of females aged 55-59 participate. It is necessary to note that older people are often involved in managing jobs and high-skilled occupations though there is certain difference depending on gender. Hence, 23% of older men are occupied in high-skilled professions, 18% of them are trade workers and 11% of them are labourers. Whereas, 28% of older women are administrative workers, 25% are professionals and the rest are Labourers. Education is another important factor. It has been estimated that people with higher qualifications are much likely to participate in the Australian labour market. Thus, 76% of people with higher qualifications (bachelor degree and higher) aged between 55 and 74 are employed, while only 53 % of those without higher education are a part of the labour market. It has been reported that, when considering time for retiremen
What is the most entrepreneurial department or area in the company? What is the least entrepreneurial? In both cases, why? The main accents in the company are made on attracting the members to the clubs because of the company’s activity which is the leader in providing such kind of service. That is why the efficient work of managers who control the communication of trainers and instructors with the members is of a great importance. Moreover, the company accentuates the significant role of the support office staff. However, the company can experience such difficulties as the inability to retain the key personnel or Fitness Firsters of the top class which is discussed as one of the most important challenge, and this possibility influences the managers’ strategy. Furthermore, the General Manager is predominantly responsible for attracting the personnel and this fact decreases the effectiveness of the hiring process ( Fitness First 2012). It is also necessary to provide the opportunities for learning and development of the employees in the industry (Cornwall, Vang, & Hartman 2009). Describe how open communication is in the company. Can anybody communicate with anybody? How efficiently? Every year the managers of Fitness First clubs propose new ways to improve the character of communication within the company. The most active, visible and controlled communication is observed between the managers and instructors. Moreover, to realize the effective communication between the internal and external elements, Emergence-On-Site was used. This program is implemented in a number of Fitness First clubs worldwide in order to maintain the efficient communication and exchange of the information between the managers ( Fitness First 2012). Furthermore, the communication in clubs is also provided with the help of bespoke services which are used to collect the information and present the necessary