ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Total Quality Management (TQM) is a strategic management concept that believes in building quality into the cultural fabric of an organization. A proper implementation of quality will ensure high product quality, increased productivity, lesser rejections and improve the bottom line of the company along with increasing the customer satisfaction. The concept has been increasingly used in diverse industries such as manufacturing, service and hospitality industries, government organization, defense and so on.   * Discuss your performance in the simulation. List three areas of quality management in which you increased your knowledge, and explain why. The simulation was run to assess the impact of decisions on various manufacturing and process techniques. The three areas that were of quality management in which my knowledge was increased was: manufacturing using Pareto and Control Charts, Analysis of suppliers and training of employees and their involvement in various quality management initiatives by forming work groups. The manufacturing areas were analyzed to understand the defects in the four stages and this helped us to find out the exact areas of defects by using the fishbone analysis tool. We were able to examine the trends for each stage and understand how much each stage contributed to the defect. The analysis of vendors helped us to determine which supplier was good and could be retained and which had to be dropped. A breakup of the employees helped us to determine the skill level of the employees and understand their training needs. The employees survey helped us to assess the employees understanding and acceptance of quality improvement goals and devise suitable training methods.   * What steps would Seguro take to implement a TQ process? Seguro should take a look again at its key stages of manufacturing, supplier evaluation and employee training and involvement in quality systems. The company should adopt the system of Plan > Do > check > Act. The four key problem areas are: Stamping, Welding, Riveting and injection molding. A screen shot of the problem areas is shown. Figure 1. Key stages of manufacturing. The following Pareto chart shows the extent of rework caused by the Stamping process is the highest. Hence this process is considered as the key problem area. Figure 2. Pareto chart.   * Four progress summaries in the simulation Stamping process was taken up as a key problem areas since the The four progress summaries are: For the Stamping operation Figure 3. Your decisions so far… The cause and effect diagram is a means of visualizing how the various factors associated with a process affect the process’s output. Manpower,
Project Selection Emirates NBD This company is a banking group and the result of the merger between two banks – Emirates Bank International and National Bank of Dubai. It is a regional bank, serving the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East, but it also aims for an international clientele. The merger has been described as a valuation perspective, with both organizations providing powerful legacies form the leading financial institutions in this part of the globe, but with an international presence. Emirates NBD is a functional organization, in which there are several superiors or supervisors, and the employees are grouped in teams that practice their own specialization or expertise. The traditional approach distinguishes an organization through clear lines of authority depending on the type of work that is at hand. There is the unity of command in that the employees are under one “boss”. The importance of the merger of the two banks is immense: it has created a powerful and effective financial institution in the region. It is now UAE’s pride, the number one in the region, and the largest in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in terms of assets and market capitalization. Information Technology (IT) applications have initially been applied, but this is lacking. The bank has applied for e-banking for its thousands of customers. Its treasury apparatus should also be IT-enabled to provide integrated processing in different aspects. A unique consumer finance system has already been installed to enable a systematic cycle of loans to clients who might be individuals or organizations. E-banking will speed up responses to customer needs and will enhance organizational performance. The Organizational Structure With more than 220 branches across the Middle East, Emirates NBD spreads its services across the UAE and internationally. Traditional vertical structure works for Emirates NBD. The Board of Directors is comprised of prominent and successful leaders from different industries. It meets every month to discuss significant banking and business strategies and management, corporate issues, financial reports, internal and external problems, and risks. The current Chairman is His Highness Sheikh Ahmed Bin Saeed Al Maktoum, the Vice-Chairman is Hesham Abdulla Al Qassim, and directors hail from leading industries in the region, such as H. E. Khalid Juma Al Majid, Ali Humaid Ali Al Owais, Husain Hassan Mirza Al Sayegh, Buti Al Mulla, Khamis Al Shehi, Ahmad Al Hussaini, and Hashem Khoory. The executive team supervises the Group performance and provides decisions at the Group level, with authority from the Board of Directors. These decisions include the daily operations, the strategic initiatives, and other significant issues that need immediate resolution. The team meets twice a month. The Group Chief Executive Officer is Shayne Nelson; Subramanian Suryanarayan is the Chief Financial Officer; Manoj Chawla is the Group Chief Risk Officer; Lubna Qassim is the Chief General Counsel and Corporate Se
Religious traditions are classified into major groups in comparative religion. This classification is based on historical origin and understanding of their impact. Abrahamic religions are among the three major groups in comparative religion. The other two include Indian religions and East Asian religions . Abrahamic religions originated from Middle East , Indian religions in India and East Asia religions in East Asia . Abrahamic religions identify with “the monotheistic faiths emphasizing and tracing their common origin to Abraham or recognizing a spiritual tradition identified with Abraham” (Brigstock Part 1). There are three main Abrahamic religions: Judaism , Christianity , and Islam respectively according to the sequence of emergence. Currently, there are many followers of Abrahamic religions all over the world. There are significant areas of continuity among the three Abrahamic religions, one being that they believe in only one God. The Christians believe that the one God is a trinity that at times brings confusion but this is not an expression of polytheism but rather a way of expressing the Divine Being (Anon Para 4). Jews and Christians emphasize very much on the oneness and unity of God; they share the scripture of the Old Testament (Hebrew bible) in addition to others based on their doctrines. Judaism , Christianity , and Islam believe in God as the maker and origin of everything that exists. They describe God as merciful, caring about creation, just and who wants wellbeing for all. For the three religions, human beings are God chosen creatures on earth created by God’s own hands and in his image and they are the descendants of Abraham. For Muslims, Abraham is a prophet whom Allah gave revelations, father of Isma’il who is his first son, and Ibrahim ( Abraham ) is the first in a lineage for Muhammad and considered the ‘first Muslim’. For Christians, Abraham is a spiritual forebear, “a role model of faith and his obedience to God by offering Isaac is compared with God’s offering of his son Jesus” (Brigstock Part 1). Due to the special nature of creation, they believe there is room for continuing creation as humankind and as individuals. Humans were given free will, thus they are able to be both evil and good, whereby evil doing goes against God’s will; however, with God’s assistance, humans can resist sin, seek repentance and be better morally. When they do well, they fulfill God’s purpose and they are obliged to commit to God, to obey and worship him. The three religions are positive about the future. They believe in obedience to God as the ultimate virtue that enhances eternal Gods favour based on the final Judgement upon ones’ deeds while on earth. The three religions believe that, God’s communication to His people is made through prophets as illustrated in the holy books for the three religions, with Christianity, Judaism, and Islam believing in holy bible, Torah and Qur’an respectively. They emphasize their foll
Monitoring Production process According to Barry and Shaw (2013), one of the six key points of a responsible business is customer satisfaction. This is achievable through monitoring of the production process. Organizations have the responsibility of giving safe goods to customers despite the presence of any regulations in the industry (Gray, 2012). The organization should consider factors that affect marketability of the product, such as the costs involved, any warranties, which may be implied on the product and the quality of the product as customers are concerned with the product and the quality of the products they buy. Organizations should manage and monitor their production processes to avoid products with defects being sold to customers. Products with defects occur as a result of mismanagement of the production process, therefore, firms should monitor the employees producing these products by ensuring that they have the necessary qualifications for the production process (Barry & Shaw, 2013). Employees in the manufacturing process should have enough expertise to detect and predict any problems that may arise in the production process (Gray, 2012). The promotion of business safety may be enhanced by investigating on the customers’ complaints, as this will help in finding out the experiences of customers with the products. An organization should regard customers as a valuable source of information about the product so that the organization should develop a proper framework of handling customers’ complaints (Gray, 2012). For example, early this year, I bought a home theatre from Sony Electronics and upon using it for one day, I realized that two of its external speakers were not functional. This was a result of poor wiring in the speaker. Even after complaining about the product’s problem, the organization did not solve it. Self-interest As presented in the case of the tragedy of commons, it is true that individuals pursuing their self-interests and profit making can worsen work relations. Therefore, it is a responsibility of the individuals involved in protecting the overall objectives of an organization, which includes the protection of the employees against engaging in self-interest a
Introduction The word cognition has become common in psychology and in its broadest usage; cognition has been used to refer to the thoughts and meanings produced by the cognitive system together with the mental processes. Some of the identified mental processes include; understanding, evaluation, planning, decision and thinking (Groome and Dewart, 1999). As a result, cognitive psychology as it is commonly known, constitute the process of understanding and knowing. Brains have been associated with cognition whereby various brains participate in processing information among organisms. It is within this ream of understanding that this study aims at investigating the three types of cognitive processes and the extent research work has explored the three processes. Cognition processes In most cases cognition processing are of three kinds: perception, learning, and memory storage, and thinking (Groome and Dewart, 1999). The first type is the perception whereby information is taken by the sense organs through perception and later results into analysis of the information (Groome and Dewart, 1999). At this early stage, the brain starts to extract meaning from the input information and this is largely to make sense of the information. After perception of information has taken place, there is emergence of another process that usually involve making some kind of record of the information received and this is what is known as the learning and memory storage (Groome and Dewart, 1999). Memory in this case act as a storage ‘bank’ in which information is stored for later use and in providing the necessary help to the individual in another setting. In order for the stored information to be used later, there is always need for retrieval, this will generally involve retrieving, and having access to information stored sometime back (Groome and Dewart, 1999). As a result, retrieval has been regarded to be part of thought process as it assists individuals in dealing with new situations or problems that may arise. Thus in this case thought process became an aspect of thinking that emanate from retrieval process. Perception Perception emanates from seeing or watching what is happening around or in the wider environment. As a result, there is creation of cognitive process of perception and individuals engage in internalizing all aspects that happen around them. As a result of perception, individuals largely identify shapes and forms as being human beings and features of the environment and subsequently match up what is observed to what an individual would expect to see or observe (Hagtvedt, Hagtvedt and Patrick, 2008). Many traditional cognitive theories have postulated, “meaning of a concept consists of the links between the abstract symbol for that concept and the abstract symb
Introduction In today’s society, people have changed their mode of dietary intake due to the fact that they are so busy with other demanding life activities. The change in dietary intake has resulted in health issues. Diabetes, heart diseases, obesity and such others are caused by the change in dietary intake (National Health & Medical Research Council, 2006). Today’s society is highly knowledgeable, but in spite of this, people are faced with frequent chronic diseases that hinder them from performing well in society. This is due to the fact that they are not taking into consideration the importance of a healthy diet. People tend to stick to one diet that contributes to the deterioration of health. People are today realising the consequences of this (Zimmet & James 2006, p.21). If the knowledge gathered from health studies is made public, attitudes towards health will change, and people will begin to adhere to a balanced diet (Boyle et al. 1993, p.25). Core Food Group (1994) model and the national health and medical council have suggested adequate possible models for daily food intake to ensure that people of Australia include the correct food proportions in their diet. The models use several methods to address the issue of dietary intake, which include both the three days as well as the 24 hours model to monitor dietary intake. All these methods aim to help individuals to take a diet that contains the nutrients needed on a daily basis. The 24 hours, as well as the three days model, was meant to make sure that if a certain crucial meal is not taken in the 24 hour period, the three day period will save the situation. This report is intended to bring into focus the nutritional status of the author based on a 24 hours’ as well as a three days’ record. It is also to analyse the excess, deficiency and variance in the recorded results. The report will determine whether the author has consumed the recommended amount of all food categories. The 24 hours’ and three days’ records will be the focus of the paper in reporting the results according to the recommended dietary intake (herein referred to as RDI). Methods The report is based on an analysis of data recorder from a 24 hours recall and a three-day record from a male aged 26 yrs who has a height of 163cm and weighs 60.00kg. The author is categorised as a low active person and has a BMI of 22.58. The recommended weight is 53 kg-66.4kg based on a BMI range from 20 to 25. The ana
The modern human is accustomed to the fact that the world strives for individual freedom. Freedom seems like a necessity to a person of the twenty-first century, an integral element of their aspirations and society as a whole. However, as in all times, a person was and remains not free from at least one factor: the strength of power. Whether it is the power of religious or political leaders, it has influenced society since the dawn of civilization. The obedience of subordinates allowed society to exist through history. Sometimes the power directs its ability to compel people to violence, hatred, and death. The articles discussed in the essay shed light on power, subjection, and aggression, although the authors differ in their perspectives and writing styles. A vivid example of the strength of power is the inhuman events in the 20th century of Rwanda, namely the genocide of the Tutsi people by the Hutu people. Gourevitch wrote his article about the aftermath of the events, colorfully describing the bodies of the dead women and children killed incredibly violently — slaughtered with a machete. The skeletons of the dead amazed the author, telling him a story of immense sorrow (Gourevitch). There were many reasons for the genocide, and they go back to the times of almost pre-colonial Africa and the influence of European countries on it. Notably, Philip Gourevitch’s article contained interviews with people who faced mass destruction of their families. They recounted the events and reflected on the internal essence of the violence. The inclusion of these thoughts underlines the central thesis, which the author interlined in depicting the horrible scene. He states that the reasons for such a scale of genocide were the low level of education and the resulting high power of the authorities in the population’s eyes. The words of Rwanda’s respondent, interviewed by Gourevitch, support this position: “… You take a poor, ignorant population, and give them arms, and say, It’s yours. Kill. ‘They’ll obey. The peasants, who were paid or forced to kill, were looking up to people of higher socio-economic standing to see how to behave. So the people of influence, or the big financiers, are often the big men in the genocide…. The people were looking to them for their orders”. (Gourevitch, 1998, para. 24). This statement sheds light on the nature of the influence of power on the acceptability of violence in the eyes of ordinary people, demonstrating this phenomenon. However, according to the author’s idea, this was not the only reason. The power of society as a whole over the individual played an important role as well. This is explicitly stated in the passage of mentioned Gourevitch’s work on this issue, where he retells the words of a genocide survivor: “Everyone was called to hunt the enemy…. But et’s say someone is reluctant. Say that guy comes with a stick. They tell him, No, get a masu. ‘So, OK, he does, and he runs along with the rest, but he doesn’t kill. They say, Hey, he might denounce us later…. Everyo
Introduction What is a hurricane? “Hurricane” is a word that was corrupted from the word “Huracan” which was traditional Taino name for an evil god. Hurricanes are also known by other names depending on where one is: typhoons, or cyclones, or baguios are some of the names that are used. They are also referred as the world’s greatest storms sometimes having the power of ten thousand nuclear bombs and thus are rated as natural hazards of great magnitude that affect both people and the environment (Fitzpatrick, 1999). Main body A hurricane can be classified as a gigantic tropical storm with a width of up to 600 miles. Hurricanes usually take place in summer or in autumn and gather in open oceans and are characterized by winds of at least 63Km/h.Hurricanes are mainly restricted to the Northern Atlantic Ocean (Elsner et al, 1999). It is important at this stage to draw the difference between a hurricane and a tropical storm. Most people at times use both terms to refer to the same thing. However tropical storms are of less intensity and precede the actual hurricane (NOAA). Hurricanes basically evolve in three stages namely:   * Tropical depression   * Tropical storm   * Hurricane Tropical depression occurs when a group of storms converge under some conducive atmospheric conditions for a prolonged period of time. Once this has intensified to a point where the maximum wind velocity reaches about 39-73mph, it transforms into a tropical storm. The storm assumes a more circular shape. It then becomes a hurricane when wind speeds reach about 74mph sustainable speeds (NOAA). A Saffir-Simpson scale is an instrument used to measure the category of a hurricane. The Saffi-Simpson scale is a device that is used to classify the relative strength of hurricanes. The classification is done by approximating the hurricanes’ winds and storm’s relative damage of the coastline where it hits. Therefore the scale basically measures the intensity of the storm. The scale is usually calibrated from 1 to 5, and the readings are normally determined by the wind speeds. Meteorologists use the scale to assess the level of damage at the coast line after a hurricane episode (Fitzpatrick, 1999). A storm surge happens when a hurricane moves water up; the next event is water landfall resulting to a storm surge. Storm surges therefore are basically onshore floods of water which are usually associ
Cancer cell lines, namely, immortalized, also known as continuous, cell lines and primary cell cultures, have certain similarities and differences which require identifying. One feature which is common for both types of cell models is the tissue of origin both of them stem from, which means that to some degree, they share the same genetic makeup. Yet, it is clear that as the immortalized cell lines become subject to more passaging in vitro, they lose their cell specificity and develop genetic alterations and mutations. Another difference between the two models is their life span, which for primary cells is finite, while for the continuous cell lines, it is unlimited. Additionally, the former are susceptible to contamination since they are obtained mechanically, while the latter are kept in a controlled environment. HeLa cells are one of the examples of continuous cell lines which were originally derived from cervical cancer cells (Mirabelli et al., 2019). An example of the primary cell culture is primary cell cultures obtained from a colorectal cancer tumor. Both types of cell models have a variety of advantages and disadvantages, which ultimately determine their useful application in practice. Continuous cell lines are capable of providing a larger number of cells, can be easily controlled and managed, entail fewer expenses, and do not cause any ethical concerns. On the other hand, they tend to develop alterations which make them differ from their tissue of origin; they are difficult to establish and may lose the initial types of cancer present in the tissue. Primary cell cultures better represent the original cells, which makes them perfect for developing personalized cancer treatments (Alexandrova et al., 2019). Yet, they demonstrate slow growth, which hinders the possibility of large-scale studies, have a short life-span, and increased sensitivity. In terms of biomedical research, they can be used to model 3D tissues and help understand cellular processes concerning disease-causing bacteria and the impact of drugs. While one of the research advantages of immortalized cell lines is their ability to be cloned and thus be utilized to repeat experiments multiple times.