ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There is undoubtedly a variety of underlying truths regarding the medical sector in the US and bitter realities which are kept away from patients and the public. The untold economics of medicine and the profit and loss industry that has been established by economists of the medical sector is becoming the reason for many conflicts between the medical sector and patients. The medical sector in the US is facing serious conflicts and issues. This paper will review and analyze these issues as discussed in ‘How We Do Harm: A Doctor Breaks Ranks About Being Sick in America’ written by Otis Webb Browley and Paul Goldberg. Moreover, the reason why I have chosen this book for review is also presented in this paper. However, many books on the medical sector of the US have been published so far, but not a single one of them has covered issues as they are discussed and presented in this chosen one. This book has very interestingly depicted the underbelly of the medical sector existing at present. It has many interesting facts which made me select this book such as the royal or over treatment of the upper class while under or insufficient treatment of the poor class. The conflicts in the health industry arise as a result of differences in care and custody doctors and healthcare professionals are providing to patients and the medical economy which is run by hospitals, insurance, and pharmaceuticals companies. I have found the writer of this book very realistic and logical in every point that he has provided in this book. His assumptions and assessments on the medical sector of the US are very pragmatic. The key writer of this book is Otis Webb Browley along with Paul Goldberg. Doctor Browley is the Executive Vice President of the American Cancer Society, he is also MD and the chief medical and scientific officer there. He teaches oncology at the University of Emory. Other than oncology, he also teaches hematology, epidemiology, and medicine. Dr. Browley was a student at the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago and this is from where he graduated. While at the University Hospitals of Cleveland, he completed his residency in internal medicine. He has also completed a fellowship from the National Cancer Institute in medical oncology. A huge part of the book comprises examples that he has given from what he has experienced so far in his medical career history. He has greatly emphasized the fact that the present medical practices completely diverge from the medical ethics set. According to the facts, he has mentioned in the book, it is believed that Americans are becoming sick in an economic sense despite the government is spending twice the amount of the annual budget on healthcare as compared to Canada, but the country is still listed on no.50, whereas Canada is on no.07 on the world ranking. Another interesting fact about this book is that after reading this book readers will get to know befor
Introduction It is the wish of every country to realize improved and sustainable economic growth and financial development in order to improve the living standards of the greatest majority among its citizenry. Improved economic and financial development is also central to a country’s ability to safeguard its survival in a world that is increasingly facing uncertainties, and unforeseeable risks. For these reasons, countries with visionary and development conscious leaders devise the most feasible economic blueprints that can enable them to reach greater heights of economic and financial success. In reality, a developmental state is a product of superior economic design; not accident, chance, or miracle. That is the bitter truth that the world’s poor and developing countries’ leaders must embrace or condemn their countries to terminal economic and financial stagnation. This paper is a review of China’s economic growth and financial development. Economic growth Economic growth refers to a rise in the capacity of a country to generate goods and services, as compared from one period of its history to another (Barro & Sala-i-Martin 2004, p.52). Economic growth is measured in real and nominal terms (Cypher & Dietz 2008, p.33). Nominal terms include inflation while real terms are adjusted for inflation. Comparative studies of economic growth of different countries use GDP or GNP per capita because these variables take into account population differences between countries (Cypher & Dietz 2008, p.33). Economic growth is normally attributed to technological advancement in a given society (Barro & Sala-i-Martin 2004, p.52). United States is a prime example where enormous economic growth was realised following the introduction of the internet technology. It is pertinent to note that, the growth of a country’s economy should not be seen in terms of an increase in its productive capacity only, but also as an improvement in the quality of life of its citizenry. In short, economic growth is a process through which a country’s wealth accumulates over an extended period. Therefore, economic growth can best be thought of as a process of transformation. According to Fitzgerald, a country’s long-term sustainable economic growth depends on its ability to increase its pace of accumulating “physical and human capital, to use the resulting productive assets more efficiently and guarantee the reach of the entire population to these assets” (20
Oktoberfest is a traditional German festival. With a history that stretches over more than two centuries, the fest has turned from a local tradition to a globally popular event, attracting people from different corners of the world. In addition to millions of foreign and German guests (around seven million visitors in 2013), there are also international versions of Oktoberfest in Beijing (China), Sydney (Australia), Bangalore (India), London (the United Kingdom), Blumenau (Brazil), Cincinnati (the United States), and other countries. Not even terrorist attacks in 1980, or critical security issues (incidents, sexual assaults, and cases of violence) during the following years, could decrease the festival’s attractiveness, which is constantly growing in popularity (Alcacér, Bettinger, & Philippi, 2013). What Is the Oktoberfest as a “Product”? Over time, Oktoberfest has evolved into a globally recognized brand. From this perspective, the festival can be perceived as a unique combination of products and services offered under the brand. Keeping in mind that the idea of product as a concept refers to a particular offering provided by a company or organization (or set of companies), Oktoberfest can be shown to be a product by reviewing the commodities offered to guests during the festival. Traditionally, these are beer, pretzels, chicken and beef dishes, and miscellaneous souvenirs (Alcacér et al., 2013). Moreover, a product can be defined from th
Introduction An emotional dissonance is an internal form of stress caused by existing real-life threats and possible dangers involved like police or correctional officers jobs. Their professions demand unique strategies and skills in handling precarious situations such as confronting armed persons. They have to deal with cases of interpersonal hostility and physical confrontations from the emotionally charged persons such as victims of crime or accidents. Severe suffering and deaths are also common encounters in their career. Stress associated with the job or what one has to deal with in the daily tasks has a huge impact on mental status and may end up affecting social or personal lifestyles. The critical situation that occurs in our lives is rigid to eliminate from the mind since the occurrences keep resonating in the mind since we fail to let go of such trauma associated with the disturbing event. Sharing and therapy sessions are the best professional procedures for such occurrences. According to Zapf (p.7), “Emotional dissonance refers to the structural discrepancy between emotions on one hand and the emotional-display requirement that is appropriate in the working context on the other.” Long-term interaction with such severe cares is the main cause of emotional burnout of these professionals. Job-related stressors correlate strongly with emotions, compared to physical challenges. Contrary, it is arguable that job-related tasks such as dealing with aggressive delinquents are not the main cause of mental dissonance. The situation comes in due to organization-related constrains such as the inadequate form of supervision, stiff rules or policies, workload, inadequate management systems, and insufficient payment (Gaines and Miller, p.154). This is the main reason why this topic requires deeper study and analysis. Police force work situations Mostly, police force personnel have to respond to surveillance calls, suspect arrests, and alert calls from the public. These trained police and correctional officers ought to remain solid, neutral, and in control of personal emotions at all times. They must suppress personal emotions during the performance of duty, for instance when dealing with conflict circumstances. How can you manipulate aggressive situations and still express understanding and compassion to crime victims? One of the requirements is the ability to switch from disciplinary reactions to human expressive nature during duty, similar to the positive expressions put on by physicians or nurses as they attend to patients. According to Porta et al (p.29), managing to uphold a professional attitude during such challenging tasks is one of the main sources of emotional dissonance among these officers. In line with Zapf (p.13), “several scholars hav
Summary The Kaluyu Memorial Hospital is a medical organization, which currently faces the problem of the absence of interactions between management and employees. The employees tend to show no initiative while being scared of having contact with the managerial team. Meanwhile, the overall atmosphere in the hospital has a tendency to be disturbing, as the employees show no motivation for working and following the rules of the hospital while having a desire to terminate their shifts as soon as possible. A combination of these factors has a substantial influence on the efficiency of the facility while affecting the overall profitability of the entity. I, as the Director of Health, have to introduce a sufficient plan of action to eliminate the existence of the problem. The primary goal of the paper is to determine the core destructing matters, which affect the functioning of the hospital and interactions between facilities and different levels of subordination. In the context of the presented case, the model of motivation will be proposed and accessed while referring it to the Kaluyu Memorial Hospital. Lastly, a sophisticated communication system will be introduced to enhance the functioning of the organization while determining new approaches to motivate the employees. Major Demotivational Factors at the Kaluyu Memorial Hospital Firstly, the factors, which have an adverse influence on the interactions in the hospital, have to be identified to determine the reasoning for the occurrence of the malfunction. It is apparent that the lack of communication could be regarded as a vital definer of demotivation, as it determines the development of the increasing power distance between the employees and management (Dedahanov, Lee, Rhee, & Yusupov, 2016). Meanwhile, the power distance causes an increase in stress levels and the development of tensions between different levels of subordination (Dedahanov et al., 2016). This matter has a reflection on the relationships between doctors and nurses, as nurses tend to avoid communication with the doctors due to fear. In turn, the managerial approach is also critical for the maintenance of the employees’ motivation, as the application of the suitable method might lead to the increase of efficiency during situations involving high pressure (Amiri & Kulkarni, 2015). In the context of the case, the lack of control and inappropriate managerial style is the primary cause of the disobedience and desire to leave home after shifts quickly. Lastly, the malfunction of facilities is another definer of demotivation, as the surroundings of the hospital affect the employees’ desire to work. It is apparent that these factor
Introduction It is normally the duty of most governments of states to finance almost all sectors of their economies such as health, sport, and education just to mention a few. However, there are international and local organizations that come in to help the government ensure that the society acquires all the essential needs. Most of these organizations are not for the aim of profit making but for the help of the society. One such organization is UNESCO, which stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. This organization seeks to ensure the sustainability of security and peace in the society through the provision of education and other important agents of success such as science and culture. There are about 197 member states of UNESCO throughout the globe together with eight Associate members. As such, regional offices of UNESCO are distributed in various parts of the world. UNESCO has several objectives, with the main ones including poverty eradication, promotion of education, peace enhancement, and intercultural dialogue among others (UNESCO 1). In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, UNESCO has put in place programs that initiate their attainment. The programs include communication and information, education, culture, social, and human sciences, and natural sciences. In addition to this, UNESCO has initiated projects as well as sponsored them in a bid to ensure that its goals as an organization are obtained. Some of the UNESCO sponsored projects include “the promotion of cultural diversity ; technical, literacy, and teacher-training programmes; international science programmes; the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press ; regional and cultural history projects” ( UNESCO). Having looked at a summary of the functions and objectives of UNESCO, the rest of the paper will analyze the application of consumer behavior literature and theories on this organization. Later on in the paper, the specific application of this theory on UNESCO will be discussed, as well as, how UNESCO as an organization attempts to influence its clientele. Analysis The consumer behavior literature and theories of learning and memory All organizations (both the profit and the non-profit oriented) have ways through which they encourage the society learn of what they do. In order to succeed in this, all organizations are entitled to be aware of consumer behavior literature, as well as the theories of learning and memory. Using these strategies organizations are able improve their marketing skills therefore, reaching a wide scope of con
Facts They discussed business incident is associated with a discrimination lawsuit that accused Tyson Foods of discriminating recruitment policy that the company pursues. As it is reported, the lawsuit was supported by almost six thousand people that claimed they failed to receive a job in this organization on a discriminating basis. The company did not admit its fault. In the meantime, in order to avoid additional expenses associated with the trial procedures, it agreed to pay the compensation to the involved parties. Additionally, it promised officially to reshape its recruitment strategy and provide the rejected applicants with the relevant positions as soon as possible (Addady par.3). The company would already be challenged by an ethics scandal last year. That time a suit was filed by the company’s employees complaining about receiving wages inadequate to the scope of the working hours. Tyson’s attempt to defend was unsuccessful –the company was cast a six million settlement by the decision of the Supreme Court (Higgins par. 5). Ethical Issues Involved From an ethical perspective, the discussed incident is associated with such concepts as “fair” and “unfair.” As such, the rejected applicants claim to have been treated unfairly when their applications were declined (Addady par.3). The problem resides in the fact that their interpretation of fair recruitment might differ from what the company management has. Therefore, in order to empower their complaint with the legal rationale, they should have provided some evidence of workplace discrimination on the ground of particular criteria such as sex, nationality, etc. The company, in its turn, is challenged to be an ethical dilemma whether to admit the discriminating character of its recruitment policy or to deny the fault. From this perspective, the company chose an unusual alternative to paying the compensation and to deny the fault at the same time. Stakeholders There are several groups of stakeholders involved in the described incident. First and foremost, it is the rejected applicant that strives to receive their moral and financial compensation. As a potential applicant, I might associate myself with this group of stakeholders. Second, it is Tyson Foods that need to settle the problem at minimal costs and restore its reputation most promptly. Additionally, it is Tyson Foods’ employees that depend largely on the company’s decision. As such, the losses that the company bears are likely to have an adverse effect on its financial performance so that employees’ wages will be naturally reduced. Finally, it is the company’s partners that need to consider further collaboration with Tyson Foods and the potential impact this partnership might have on their reputation. Alternative Courses of Action The company is free to choose other alternatives to settle the problem. First and foremost, since the company denies the discriminative character of its recruitment policy, it might resolve to set up the defense and prove its innocence
Introduction The process of globalization has its roots in the two world wars: World War I and World War II. The desire to replace the League of Nations with one international organization that all states of the globe would be members was the greatest height of globalization. The great nations of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Great Britain convened a meeting in San Francisco in 1945 with the sole intention of forming an international body; the meeting led to the formation of the United Nations. The meeting also gave a go ahead to the establishment of the International Court of Justice; the court based at The Hague in the Netherlands deals with disputes among states. Since the formation of United Nations, the rules, and the structure of the international system have drastically changed: the international law, for example, has shifted focus from states to individuals. Consequently, there is a shift to emphasis on people and humanity and as a result, state sovereignty has an inclination to protect human rights, people’s law, and human environment. There are developments of new norms aimed at protecting the universal community interest (Capaldo 6). Main Analysis The evidence that the process of globalization is uneven in the global system was manifested when the United Nations was formed and when the need to enact the principle of human rights in the UN charter arose. Both the Great Britain and the Soviet Union rejected that enactment due to the fear of the fact that the enactment of human rights could give power to the British colonies whereas according to the Soviet Union, the enactment of human rights could put in danger its desire to elongate its sphere of influence. Another instance that shows the uneven application of the process of globalization was the desire by the United States of America to disagree with China’s quest for the provision on the equality of all races. This rejection to enact and to incorporate human rights in UN charter by the great powers despite much pressure and demand from the countries of Africa and Latin America demonstrated the high handedness by the major powers (Anon 200). The universalism of human rights though linked to Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is violated. The foreign policy of the United States of America has demonstrated double standards in the enforcement of human rights. This foreign policy has tried to avoid traditional instruments like policy of trade; they have pursued their agenda through supporting local non-governmental organizations to enforce human rights and ensure the prevalence of rule of law. The United States of America advocates for globalization passively as opposed to enforcing the standards coercively. Concerning the formulation of human rights, the factors that always come to play are the geopolitical power balance and the struggle for control of prima
The Electoral College   * Body of electors created by the Constitution of the United States.   * Electing the U.S. president and protecting the Americans against mob rule (Ross, 2019).   * 538 electors.   * At least 270 votes.   * Some people doubt the necessity of this system.   * A number of Americans demand more fair and legitimate elections (Ross, 2019).   * Citizens want to participate in choosing their president more actively. The 2016 U.S. Election Donald Trump won a victory in the Electoral College but lost the popular vote (Sides, Tesler, & Vavreck, 2017). Trump Cancelling Obama   * There are several reasons for people to vote for Clinton.   * Most of Barak Obama’s reforms were welcomed by the Americans.   * He worked hard to get the citizens to eat healthy food.   * Trump’s intention was to cancel Obama’s actions and changes (Shockley-Zalabak, Morreale, & Stavrositu, 2019).   * Hillary R. Clinton did not want to do this. The Right of Majority   * The majority expresses the needs of all and thus should decide.   * Most people voted for Clinton. Control of the Outcome   * It is easier to influence a small group of people.   * Many Americans question the honesty and legality of the Electoral College. Conclusion   * Not all systems and processes work properly.   * Probably it is time to let people choose.