ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The paintings created by the two artists are similar in several aspects. The artists completed the paintings around the same era. The time difference between the completion of the first painting (The Goose Girl) and the second one (The Rocks) was only thirteen years. The works of both artists focused on creating impression about diverse aspects of their everyday life encounters. Impressionism connotes the artistry involving the creation of impressions about nature and landscape. It is notable that Camille Pissarro painted “The Goose Girl at Montfoucault, White Frost” (Pissarro). The painting signifies a countryside scene. The inclusion of a figure of a human being, a tree, and landscape makes the scene discernible. The artist incorporated domestic geese appearing at the center of scene. Vincent van Gogh painted “The Rocks” thirteen years later. The artistic ability to create impressions through paintings started in the late 19 th Century. The creativity emerged in Paris when artists started painting impressions to reflect their current landscapes. The impressionists moved away from the norm of art those days. Notably, many paintings incorporated historical features that signified painter’s inspiration. The artworks created by impressionists had noticeable themes. Impressionists also added unique brush movements that made their artworks outstanding. In addition, impressionism influenced the emergence of postimpressionism. Postimpressionists were inspired by the need to improve on the works produced by impressionists. It is notable that Vincent van Gogh is one of the foremost postimpressionists. Postimpressionists commented on the impressionists approach to create artworks that appeared on a natural landscape. The impressionists applied light and color to create their artworks. Postimpressionists hailed the value of artificial pictures as a form of art. They noted the specific limitations in the impressionists’ artworks, which inspired their approach. Postimpressionists employed the use of thick paints and brushes with larger strokes to generate their paintings (Stokstad and Michael 23). The subsequent section presents an analysis of the two paintings. Much as many people have discussed the differences in arts between the impressionism and postimpressionism, this paper relies on visual observation of “The Goose Girl at Montfoucault” by Camille Pissarro and “The Rocks” by Vincent van Gogh to show how the paintings exemplify the notable similarities and distinctiveness of the two eras. Analysis of the Goose girl an Montfoucault and the Rocks The two paintings incorporate understandable differences and resemblances. Camille Pissarro painted “The Goose girl at Montfoucault” in 1875 (Pissarro). The painting represents a normal life of people living on the countryside. “Vincent van Gogh created ‘The Rocks’ in1888” (Van Gogh). Vincent van Gogh work represents a feature in the environment characterized by blue and gree
Criminal psychology studies mental phenomena and patterns manifested in the process of activities associated with crimes. These activities include the formation of a criminal attitude of the personality, the formation of a criminal motive, the personality of a criminal and a victim, and other means. However, it is the formation of a criminal stereotype of motivation and behavior that receives the most attention. Subsequently, theoretical understanding of criminal motivation and, ultimately, behavior lies in the existence of theories which try to explore and explain it. Theories of criminal behavior represent value in understanding and explaining individual factors and characteristics influencing the human intentions to commit crimes. People become familiar with norms and values ​​through socialization. It is widely known that norms and values ​​in different societies and social groups vary considerably. Differential association theory is, essentially, based on the proposition that criminal behavior is a product of special deviant norms and values. This approach emphasizes the idea that individuals can be socialized by a group of people practicing deviant behavior, and considering it as the norm. Accordingly, the title of the theory reflects the hypothesis that people behave in a certain way under the influence of their environment. Differentiated social influences determine the process of upbringing and maturation of a person. Maloku (2020) suggests that “the process of learning delinquent behavior involves all the mechanisms that are important for learning in general” (p. 171). For example, if a child grows up in a respectable society, then it will learn standards of socially acceptable behavior. On the contrary, if the child’s social environment is criminalized, then it will most likely adopt criminal motivations and behavior. Moreover, the antisocial behavior would be learned better when it is reinforced more strongly than socially approved behavior. The value of the differential association theory is that it represents an attempt to explain deviant behavior on the basis of an analysis of the usual, human way of learning. In many of its aspects, this theory can be associated with the theory of social learning. However, in the differential association approach, the most important factor is the process of socialization. Reference Maloku, A. (2020). Theory of Differential Association. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies , 9 (1), 170. Web.
Executive Summary Bridgeton Industries’ cost position has deteriorated over the years due basically from external environment because of increased competition and from internal environment as a result of management’s decision to write down some assets from the books ahead of the expiration of their expected life. The increased competition included those from foreign sources in production particularly from Japan. The increase in the number of competitors resulted in more players and therefore lower prices for the products in the industry. Lower price means higher cost in relation to price and therefore less profitability for the players of the industry including Bridgeton. Another external factor was the oil crisis in the 1970’s. The crisis has affected much of the industry since the crisis means increased gas or oil prices and therefore lower demand for cars. This is based on the economic theory for complimentary products where an increase in the price of oil would mean fewer people who will drive new cars. Thus, competition was heightened causing less production contracts for car parts. Computed overhead burden rate for each of the model years 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 was used as a basis as the most reasonable factor that influenced a change in factory overhead in relation to direct labor cost as other factors of production. It is desirable to have a correct overburden rate for the purpose of costing the products in relation to competition since any error would result in either overpricing or underpricing of the resulting product that may cause erroneous decisions for the company. Overhead costs as categorized in Exhibit 3 are reviewed for their behavior if a decision is taken to outsource manifold manufacturing. Classifications were made whether some costs are relevant to the outsourcing decision. Relevant costs refer to variable costs and they should be considered to be eliminated or adjusted if the decision to outsource manifold is made. However, some costs are fixed costs and they wi
Introduction Over the last few centuries, there have appeared a plentiful of approaches to the study of international relations. The intricacy and complexity of such relations have accounted for the emergence of different schools, each of which interpreted global events from their point of view. It is argued that European schools that dealt with studying international relations have paved the way for other institutions in the same field. Despite major contributions made by such schools as the English school, the question arises as to whether these scholars might have been biased in their studies. Namely, they might have employed rather subjective judgment while holding other cultures to Western norms and worldviews. The fact that many schools appeared in empires does not help the case, as the colonialist paradigm created a rigid hierarchy of cultures, nations, and ethnicities. Keene (2002) calls a clear order in the formation of all state structures, including an educational one, one of the components of a highly organized society. On the other hand, some experts argue that in the modern world, schools succeeded in overcoming their tunnel Eurocentric vision and embraced cultural diversity. In this essay, the brief history of the English school and Eurocentrism in the international relations theory is discussed. Further, the paper provides arguments for and against the presence of Eurocentrism in the English school. Brief History of the English School The English School of International Relations is also often referred to as British Institutionalists and the International society school. According to Buzan (2014), the foundation date of the English school is rather arbitrary, as the school emerged between the mid-1950s and 1959. The flagship concept of the School is the idea of the world as an international society. The concept of the global community as a society of states does not belong solely to the English school, nor was it invented by its scholars-proponents of the view. Buzan (2014) assumes that the English school drew heavily on the ideas of German historian Heeren who put forward the idea of a states-system as early as the 1850s (Heeren 1846). Also, Tingyang (2006) compares the system under consideration with that of the Chinese empire and notes the similarity of the educational process, for instance, the principles of punishments. At the same time, one may draw a parallel with international law where international society is a commonly used notion. The idea of international society was developed by the English school in opposition to the prevailing concept of and the international system in the USA. It is also ess
Executive Summary Established in April 2009 by Greg Marples, High tech Burrito has popularly become immense, especially in food technology industry. Its full potential was realised when it shifted its focus from fast food joint to the introduction of customised menus that always brought out ‘healthier, fresher, tastier and better delicacies’. High tech Burrito unique delicacies of Mexican recipes and dining experience combined with good cultural atmosphere assured a one stop dining experience, service-oriented environment. The relevant competitive models chosen for this assessment includes the Michael Porte’s five forces such as entry of competition, threats to substitutes, bargaining power, power of suppliers and rivalry, SWOT and Industrial analysis as well as macro analysis in order to assess High tech Burrito strategic capabilities and suggest future directions for the business. The case discusses the strategic available alternatives to Greg Marples as he attempts to secure HTB future growth and success (High Tech Burrito 2007, p.1). Introduction Company background Founded in 1986, High Tech Burrito (HTB) was started as a food restaurant in April 2009 in Melbourne, Australia and now has 14 locations worldwide. Greg Marples owned and operated the business for more than 22 before venturing into other countries. HTB capitalised at the beginning as “fast-casual” food joint in the restaurant industry that captured the hearts of many. He remains a sole entrepreneur businessman as much of the capital was funded from his own savings and loans from banks (Bygrave & Zacharakis 2008; High Tech Burrito 2007, 1). Analysis Business Model, Assumptions and Key drivers Industry Profitability Industry profitability refers to company’s gross profit margin within a stipulated period. According to an online interview conducted on profitability of franchises and restaurants, Greg, the founder and owner of HTB reported high profitability within the first since month with profits ranging from $2500 to $3000 a day. On the other hand however, the figures can not be relied upon for future analysis since the owner overlooked the operation costs as profits were merely calculated on accumulated sales rather than looking at net profit margins. Financial Business Model Financial business model defines how business operates by providing an analysis on who owns assets, funding resources for implementing and ongoing processes (HealthConnect 2003, p.2). Financial business model is appropriate for strategic management courses when focusing on the entrepreneurship and innovation (Stevenson et al 2007). In this regard, Greg Marples injected his personal savings and applied loans from banks to start of the business (Greg 2010). Industry Performance and Outlook The following table presents Porter’s five forces (Porter 2010) as demonstrated by HTB analysis of the micro environment Factor                             Implications
Introduction Ethanol-85 powered cars burst into national and international prominence in 2003 when U.S Congressman Zach Wamp first pumped the new fuel from an alternative fuelling station. It was touted as the best alternative to gasoline and petrol to power cars without causing high emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, thereby heavily contributing to global warming. But when the initial hype about the possibility of reducing global warming died down, it soon became apparent that the wonder fuel came with a literally heavy price tag – greatly exacerbated fuel bills, ushering in a scenario where saving the planet began to be weighed against paying a lot more for fuel (Ellis). This led to the spawning of alternative suggestions involving the use of ethanol not by itself by as a combination with other fuels. The suggestions did not consider bio-diesel fuel because car producers do not extend warranty protection in case of utilization of a blend that contains true bio-diesel in excess of 5% in it. For example, Ford allows the use of bio-diesel blend at, but not exceeding 5%, and Volkswagen declared in March 2005 that they endorse the use of biodiesel blends up to the 5% mark (Ellis). The first suggestion The first suggestion recommends merging the advantages of diesel and hybrids by coming up with a diesel-fuelled hybrid. There is no doubt that this suggestion constitutes a viable proposition in nations that levy much lesser tax on diesel as compared to gasoline. However, it does not make sense in the majority of other countries where fuel consumption of diesel and gasoline engines are nearly on par with each other (Ellis). The second suggestion The second suggestion, which is more practical, envisages a dual strategy. On the one hand it involves the upscale of present hybrid offerings into ‘flexible fuel hybrids.’ On the other hand, it assumes total backing from producers that all new hybrid models will be powered by a mixture of gasoline and E85. It is estimated that such a move on the part of producers would add only around $
The concept of equality is significant in the discussion of liberty, property, and the role of government in the lives of people. This is seen in tribal groups as well as in oppressive societies wherein political leaders treat the people under them as if they were mere objects. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are two of the best philosophical minds during the Age of Reason and they both had differing opinions with regards to the subject of equality. Hobbes argued that there is no practical application to the concept of equality. He said it can only lead to chaos. Locke on the other hand can only envision a prosperous and stable society when all men are treated equal. Hobbes Thomas Hobbes was born into continent embroiled in a bloody civil war. The brutality of war led Hobbes to the conclusion that men are like animals that needed to be controlled. Hobbes went even further and said that there was a need for some form of coercive power that should force people to do what is right. Equality according to Hobbes is seein in the equal use of power needed to force men to do the right thing. Hobbes was clearly bothered and terrified by the prospects of war that he was willing to justify whatever coercive action that a leader needed to impose on people. This is for the simple purpose of creating a stable government and the creation of a prosperous nation under the rule of law. However, the use of a compelling force means that men and women must be prepared for coercion and the loss of freedom. They have to accept the fact that a superior power has to rule over them. This absolute power has the authority to do what it pleases in terms of deciding the fate of a town, community or individual. In other words the judgement is final. There can be no appeals. It is therefore a system that can easily produce a dictator. Aside from that there is the danger of increasing the power of the dictator and he can no longer remain as the arbiter and guardian of the people. He will become the absolute ruler of his domain. Hobbes even made a clear argument that the people who are under this regime must not do anything to upset the balance of power. The citizens must learn to submit meekly and without question because this is the only assurance that peace and stability can be achieved. Freedom of expression and creativity is stifled for the greater good. Equality according to Hobbes is all about the equal distribution of man’s capability and propensity to destroy one another. This form of equality Hobbes accepts to be the main reason why men and women must not be allowed to do as they please. According to Hobbes equality among men is seen in their common desire for destruction and power and he wrote: “I put forth a general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power that ceaseth only in death” (Hobbes, p.58). In Hobbes’ mind men are equal only in their ability to destroy and subdue one another. Locke Wh
Disagreement on the status of abortion is an old debate dating back to probably nineteenth century. In many countries like the US and Germany, abortion is considered illegal. However, a social movement through the last seven decades has distinctly divided two groups of anti- and pro-abortion advocates. These two divisions are the pro-life and the pro-choice advocates. The anti-abortion advocates believe that the process of fetal killing amount to murdering. They believe that it is an immoral and unethical act and the right to live of a life that has already begun with conception cannot be taken away by human will. The pro-abortion advocates presented various arguments from the issue of paternalistic control over choice of women to the choice of the mother who is the bearer of the life. Abortion is the choice of a woman who bears the child and any decision to terminate the pregnancy by a woman is in a way a suicide she commits even to her ‘self’. I argue in this essay that through abortion a woman commits partial suicide, an assault on her own ‘self’ by ending a part of her own being, and if a woman is willingly ending a life that is a part of her own she should be given that choice. In the first trimester, a newly conceived fetus is bound to the maternal body for all its needs through the umbilical cord. It is bound to the mother’s body and cannot exist independently. As the fetus has no separate existence it cannot be considered separate from the mother and therefore a mother should have the right to abort it is she so feel due to spurious circumstances. From the previous argument, it can be deduced that a woman is the mother even to a fetus. If the fetus is joined to the woman, she too is attached to it not only physically but also emotionally. Women who undergo abortion have to go through a conflict situation to decide to abort, as abortion, in its very nature, is a fundamental assault to a woman’s body. If she ends a life through abortion, she also assaults a part of her own body. A fetus should not only be seen as the budding life of a child but also as a part of the woman’s body and by extension the woman herself. This shows that the fetus is not a lifeless object like a tissue or a fiber but a part of the woman herself. Therefore, the decision and the process of abortion are traumatic even for women as she is willingly destroying a part of her own self. Based on the above argument of a fetus as a part of a woman’s self, I believe that a woman decides to abort a fetus only due to very strong and serious reasons and is not conducted as a frivolous act. A woman who is letting go a part of her own self should also have the right to decide if she wants or does not want to abort. The choice should be given to a woman, as she is the one who is most sympathetically and emotionally attached to the fetus. If she decides that, the continuation of the pregnancy is not desirable it must be for a very serious reason. Many believe that abortion should be an illegal act. However, when a woman decides to forego her pregnancy she takes that decision under a lot of trauma for she is the only
When assessing the performance of an organization in the global context, one must not underestimate the impact that environmental factors have on a company’s functioning. Ranging in their type power, and implications, environmental factors determining the success of a company in the target market need to be evaluated accordingly so that appropriate actions and risk management techniques could be applied. For this reason, different frameworks for assessing environment-related risks are utilized. Traditionally, Porter’s Five Forces assessment is utilized to gauge the extent of hostility and rivalry in the target environment. However, the PESTLE framework is also typically rendered as one of the major tools for evaluating the market conditions in which an organization will have to operate in the target economic setting. Since each of the tools offers a unique advantage, neither of them should be consider as superior; instead, each should be applied accordingly based on the circumstances in which a company finds itself. Porter’s Five Forces The framework designed by Michael E. Porter, a renowned American economist and academic, the analytical framework in question seeks to evaluate the extent of competition within a specific economic setting. Specifically, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis does so by assessing the extent of the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, as well as the level of threat that new entrants and substitutes pose to an organization (Mugo, 2020). The described approach allows gauging the range and intensity of risks that a company may face in a specific economic environment. The opportunity to represent the target context in a concise and clear manner is one of the main advantages of Porter’s Five Forces tool. The model helps to delineate the key relationships between the stakeholders within the selected market and outline the prospects of advancing in the chosen economic setting (Wogwu & Hamilton, 2018). By outlining the role of the key stakeholders, namely, suppliers, buyers, and new entrants, as well as the impact of substitutes on the performance of a company and its product, the specified approach helps to assess the target environment and the associated factors quite accurately. However, the ere are several legitimate criticisms of the model, the main one being its superficial nature (Wogwu & Hamilton, 2018). Indeed, due to its briefness and the focus on four main competition components only, the model suffers from being undefined. PESTLE In turn, the PESTLE approach implies a detai