ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (“RMSF”) is considered as the most common rickettsial infection in the United States of America (Cash & Glass,2011, p.390). In 2-8 days the fever can rage. If not treated immediately, the complications can lead to cardiac involvement with congestive heart failure and arrhythmia (Avner & Harmon,2009, p.1246). Therefore, RMSF must not be taken lightly. The only problem is that it is not easy to diagnose. Symptoms began to appear between 2 to 8 days after the bite of an infected tick. If not treated immediately the patient can die from multiple organ failure. It is important to learn more about RMSF in order to deal with it more effectively. Overview of the Disease In the year 1873, Idaho physicians described a form of “black measles “ in the Snake River Valley (Evans & Brachman, 1999, p.597). In the latter part of the 19 th century, doctors began to document an illness that causes delirium as well as blotchy-skin, red-purple-black rash that appeared on the ankles, wrists and forehead and then all of a sudden it spreads to the whole body (Evans & Brachman,1999, p.597). It was later called the spotted fever of Idaho. At first they thought that it was the result of infection from drinking melted snow. It was only in 1908 when the medical world fully comprehended that it was due to a tick vector. It has to be reiterated that RMSF is the most sever of the rickettsial diseases (Avner & Harmon, 2009, p.1246). Even though it is called rocky mountain spotted fever, this disease has been reported all over the United States. However, it is most common in Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee. It seems that the occurrence of the disease is linked to regions located in the Western part of the US. It is also important to point out that report of RMSF usually increases during late spring through fall (Bernstein & Shelove, year, p.205). The root cause of the medical problem is an “intracellular, gram-negative coccobacillary bacteria (Bernstein & Shelov, 2012, p.205). The infectious agent is Rickettsia rickettsii and transmitted through a tick vector (Cash & Glass, 2011, p.390). The only good thing about this terrible illness is that it cannot be transmitted through human-to-human contact. The most common symptom is the presence of a rash. A more technical description is that the infection is associated with a characteristic rash. The first sign of RMSF is high fever. But most people will never know that this is not an ordinary fever. However, on the sixth day of the illness rashes are evident. There is a need to pay careful attention to the symptoms because most of the patients exhibit nonspecific signs. For example children may complain of prominent abdominal pain and parents may make the hasty judgment that this is caused by acute appendicitis. Health professionals may also misdiagnose and say that it is due to cholecystitis or bowel obstruction. The most problematic aspect of early detection is due to the fact that the bite of the tick is painless (Elston, 2009, p.28). Th
Folk beliefs in ghost existence dominated the ancient world, as well as belief in life after death and different supernatural beings. In the 21st century, cultural dynamism across the world has seen a drastic decline in the power and status of the belief in ghosts. The society is changing from a superstitious one to a rational and material one. Western Europe has gone through the enlightenment age, began to reason out on the need to believe in the dead and ghosts. Even though this century has witnessed a decline in religious and traditional practices, beliefs in telepathy, omens of death, haunting ghosts, and poltergeists remain deep-rooted in the majority of the population. Such beliefs entail the mysterious side of life, to which some people have fear, hostility, and denial. Incidences like visitations, dreams, presence of the dead, and talking to the dead were common among the women in the Manchester study group. Even though others did not believe in spirits or ghosts, the majority consented that they could dream of visits by the dead standing in front of them. The book, Alas, Poor Ghost, provides the idea that beliefs and disbeliefs in supernatural traditions depend on the teachings of morality and ethics in a certain society. Occurrences like a mother visiting her distressed son or daughter, an intruder creeping into the middle of a home, and sounds of mysterious footsteps in the attic are some of the evidence of visitations and ghosts. Incidences of people living in ‘bad’ houses full of ghosts and evil spirits cropped up to support the existence of a link between the dead and the living. With religion, traditions, and science trying to bring out formidable reasons to explain certain life dynamics that drive the world, it is up to every person to decide which category to follow: mysticism and religious beliefs or psychical powers and divine providence respectively. The interviews reveal the rational arguments amon
Twain distinguishes between a humorous and a comic story in an attempt to explain the factors that should be considered when telling a story. According to his book “How to write a story,” he cites out the points necessary for making your audience laugh their breath away. There are many kinds of stories, but for him, he chooses to base on the humorous and comic stories saying first and foremost that they are different in the sense that the former is American, whereas the later is English. Twain talks much about the humorous story making it sound like the best kind of story. For instance, he says that the humorous story applies simplicity in its narration that the storyteller tells the story in a simple and innocent way that tends to amuse the listeners without even having to pinpoint the point of laughter directly. It might be longer than a comic story but meanders around the main point gently in an artistic manner that at the end of it all, the listeners are able to get amused by listening to paragraphs full of jargon just to make the audience understand the nub in his story. The humorous story that employs the style of tonal variation quickly catches the attention of the listeners, making them realize a funny thing in the speaker’s story before the speaker realizes it deserves applause. Thus, the factor of being natural when telling a story is clearly brought out. This helps in getting your audience to build up attention because they know you are naturally funny and can never predict what you will say next. The story should be told in a manner that the point comes last, but still along the way the listeners are to burst into laughter without waiting for the ending. It should not be a matter whereby you get the storyteller going around his audience seeking applause by repeating the same point severally for the readers to understand. Another crucial factor is the ability to slur a point (Wachtell, 190). That is, a storyteller should be able to speak in-distinctively about the main point so that the listeners don’t easily tell what the teller wants to say before he even says it. Pointing out or rather saying your lines in easily understandable language makes your story bogus because the listener does not have the difficulty of trying to figure out what you are saying, thus making it less funny. For a story to be funny then, one must involve the audience in the creation of a mental picture of what is being said so that they get amused after knowing the real meaning of the tellers’ words. In simple terms, the teller should
Introduction The two papers selected for the analysis are “What’s really behind corporate promises on climate change?” by Peter Eavis, and Clifford Krauss posted in The New York Times, and “Can the market save the planet? FedEx is the latest brand-name firm to say it’s trying” by Desmond Butler and Steven Mufson posted in the Washington Post. These two articles revolve around the environmental problems peculiar to the modern world and how giant corporations can help to resolve them. Although the authors speak about similar topics, they use different frames to attract attention to multiple issues and convey the central message. The framing analysis will help to understand differences and how articles use various devices to draw readers’ attention. In general, framing is a fundamental element of modern media. It presupposes the use of specific frames, or images, stereotypes, and metaphors, to affect the reader’s decision-making or emphasize a unique idea, meaning, or fact (Entman, 1993). Framing also presupposes selection and salience, or choice of some issues of a perceived reality and making them more visible and notable in communicating text (Entman, 1993). This method helps promote a specific definition of a problem, its interpretation, moral evaluation, and form a public opinion demanded by the creators of the frame (Wu, 2006). In such a way, it becomes a powerful tool to influence the audience by using available media resources or texts. First Article Analysis The article by Eavis and Krauss emphasizes that regardless of numerous claims made by giant corporations regarding their intentions to find solutions to environmental problems, the situation remains the same. The biggest companies trumpet their environmental activism, but it is essential to prove intentions with real actions (Eavis & Krauss, 2021). In other words, giants such as Netflix, Costco, Google, and Microsoft have their moonshot objectives and emphasize their desire to help and save the planet, but these aims are hard to achieve, and some unified effort and immediate solutions are needed, instead of promises and long-term plants that can be fulfilled by 2050 (Eavis & Krauss, 2021). In such a way, the authors attract attention to climate change and the role of giant corporations. By conducting the framing analysis, it is possible to outline a frame used by the authors. Eavis and Krauss state that it is impossible to determine how hard companies are trying to achieve the goals outlined in their sustainability reports (Eavis & Krauss, 2021). Moreover, many of them remain passive when there are significant and radical goals planned for the future (Eavis & Krauss, 2021). This
Introduction Every professional undertaking must be guided by some codes of ethics. This ensures that all the people aligned to this profession follow the same guidelines for the good of the whole firm. Therefore, there will be a standard method of dealing with issues in the enterprise, customers and other related parties. This will ensure that the enterprise maintains healthy relationships with all people who have certain relationships in the firm; these could include customers, shareholders, governments and other stake holders (Aubry, 2010). Archival Sound Recordings Project (ASRP) should maintain ethics and professional standards in its dealings. This will expand its operation base since all parties will be satisfied with the services offered by this enterprise. Maintaining Ethics Archival Sound Recordings Project (ASRP) should ensure that it reflects the values held by the society. The enterprise should maintain ethics since ethics are the guiding lines that ensure a healthy relationship with the society. The people in the society will gain confidence with Archival Sound Recordings Project (ASRP). This is because the company has a good relationship with all people, and these people will not act against the company; they will not interfere with the running of this company since it keeps the ethics of the community. This will also make the community feel secure and support the company in its running (Project Management Institute, 2010). The company will also avoid things that will not enhance the lives of the people. Therefore, the company will be at a peaceful coexistence with the whole society. There will be a mutual relationship between the company and society, and this will help in the future expansion of the company. This is because the society will be in approval of this, and it will provide the required customer base for expansion; it is very necessary to maintain this relationship (Global Infrastructure in the Financial Crisis, 2008). Maintaining Professionalism For any company to survive in any market base, such a company must prove its worth. The company must display high standards of professional ethics while at the same time maintaining good relationships with customers, shareholders and other stakeholders. Through this, the enterprise will ensure that there is some healthy growth of relationships among all related parties (Rick, 2009). For a company to maintain its professional levels, it must ensure that it provides the best services possible. This will attract customers since they will be confident that they are getting the best services. These customers will in turn refer others to the company, and this will ensure a growing expanse and diversity of customers. The management of the company must ensure that they provide top of the market services that will ensure that customers are satisfied. This will call for the employment of workers who are professionally trained in these areas of expertise. Employing competent personnel will not only lead to the growth of the
Society has often found itself to be consciously and unconsciously segregating its members based on gender. Men and women have been perceived differently, as well as treated differently. It is thus interesting to investigate whether men and women are different in terms of particular conditions. This research paper will attempt to gather information and analyze
Introduction Psychology is considered a complex discipline that captures a variety of approaches, and, obviously, there is a clear differentiation between the popular culture presentation of information and the way in which empirical studies lay it out. In order to compare and contrast the way different methods of presenting the merit of information, anxiety was chosen as the focus topic. Anxiety is a persistent problem characterized by fear and disturbance in behavior that may affect a person at different points in their lives and thus adversely affect well-being (Spielman, 2017). A research article in Pharmacy and Therapeutics will be compared with an article from Psychology Today . The research article is expected to investigate the topic of interest from the standpoint of theory and evidence while the pop culture article will give advice and recommendations to its readers. Analysis of Articles: Comparing and Contrasting The main intention of the research article by Bystritsky, Khalsa, Cameron, and Schiffman (2013) is reviewing the challenges in diagnosing anxiety disorders to come up with a model that will explain how the symptoms of the condition change over time. The intention of Morin’s (2017) article is explaining how anxiety affects one’s life and how to deal with it on a daily basis. When investigating points of view and assumptions, the authors reviewed the evidence and divided it into sub-topics to draw logical conclusions from them. Similarly, the popular culture article was also differentiated into sections; however, each of them had separate conclusions, which added to the easier way for readers to understand relevant information. To support the issue at hand, the research article refers to a wide range of studies published in reputable sources. Also, the authors incorporated multiple tables, graphs, and other types of figures to present information schematically. The popular culture article had only one reference to a research study and appealed to the personal experiences of readers rather than theory. Moreover, throughout the article, there are multiple hyperlinks to terms as stress, memory, confidence, and others to refer readers to other articles on Psychology Today, thus boosting engagement. In the discussion of consequences and implications, Bystritsky et al. (2013) provided a conclusion summarizing their main research findings. They found that a combination of traditional and alternative medicine methods was necessary to treat anxiety disorders while also considering patients’ perspectives on mental illness. Morin (2017) did not provide an overview of the findings but rather focused on giving advice to readers – seeking the help of a psychotherapist in case of experiencing anxiety. The comparison of the two articles showed that the information presented in them had two different target audiences, which allowed to make decisions about their purposes. Conclusion To conclude, there is a difference in the merit of the information presented in a scholarly article and a popular culture article. The research article did not have an intention to give its readers advice o
It seems to me that by the end of the essay, Selzer feels depressed and confused. He is at a loss because he saw something that he could not recognize. In part, he feels remorse since he perceived the abortion as murder, even if he described it metaphorically. He understands that there is a need for abortions, but he cannot cope with the bitterness, sadness associated with the realization that they killed a living being. During the procedure, Selzer sees the needle that was in the woman’s stomach twitch. It was a completely unexpected shock for him, even though the chief surgeon said that it was just a reflex (Selzer, 1976). This sight made Selzer imagine that the fetus was struggling with the needle in this way, that he was scared and hurt, that he was trying to save itself. After what he saw, Selzer stopped treating this operation as something ordinary. He even wanted to prevent an abortion when he imagined what the fetus feels like now, being in the uterus. Selzer understands that a woman has the right to an abortion if the child is unwanted, if she became pregnant accidentally or if the pregnancy threatens her health. He does not try to insist on his point of view, does not try to convince readers of his rightness, does not point out the advantages and disadvantages of abortion – he only describes what he saw with his own eyes and what he felt moment. This essay touched me to the core because the author used an accurate, even crude description method. Selzer used medical vocabulary but tried to explain it in an understandable way to the ordinary reader. Selzer is an experienced doctor who has seen many different, unpleasant things, but the abortion was a real test for him. This makes us think about the value of life, about the practicality of terminating a pregnancy, about conscience and morality, which are struggling with severe necessity. Reference Selzer, R. (1976). What I saw at the abortion. The Doctor Stories. 66-67.
Introduction Advertising is a vital aspect in any business and thus firms choose to incur the costs associated with it because through it, they establish links with their customers and consequently capture their share of the market. Huge sums of money are spent on advertisement as firms endeavor to reach out to consumers. With the advent of globalization and the ongoing fast-paced technological advancements, it is imperative for firms to ensure that their advertisement campaigns are effective. This assertion holds as the contemporary consumers are exposed to a plethora of products and services from all over the world. As such, only the best or most appealing form of advertisement can win the consumers’ hearts. Consequently, firms carry out their advertisement campaigns via a myriad of media platforms including radio, TV, the Internet, and print media such as newspapers and magazines among others. The Internet, which is a relatively new technological development, is rapidly emerging as a major medium through which firms can advertise and reach large numbers of consumers effectively. Global Internet usage statistics keep on growing. As of 2011, two billion people regularly used the Internet globally (Global Editor Par.5). This percentage represents about 30% of the total global population. However, it should be noted that some parts of the world are more advanced in the Internet usage as compared to others. For instance, Europe is one of the world’s most established Internet markets. By t
Like other cities, Abu Dhabi has heavy traffic jam. Commuters spend several hours stuck in slow-moving jam. Traffic congestion in Abu Dhabi has a number of causes and effects. In the recent past, Abu Dhabi has experienced a population explosion. Consequently, there are increasing numbers of vehicles on roads as commuters seek to get to their destinations. The rapid rise of middle class and changing lifestyles are also responsible for increasing traffic snarl-up as majorities can now afford their own means of transport (private cars). The report presents ways of resolving traffic congestion in Abu Dhabi using data collected from 30 respondents. Road congestion occurs as a result of increased use of the road network that results into increased time of travelling. This is the state of Abu Dhabi roads despite the existence of modern roads. Abu Dhabi also requires expansion of its road networks including construction of new ones, and creating ring lanes in the city centre. This shall improve traffic congestion in the city. Abu Dhabi undertook this approach (DoT, 2012). However, such lanes are insufficient for elimination of the increasing rate of road usages. Abu Dhabi must develop its public transport system as the basic step to eliminating road congestion. It should ensure enhanced commuter access to public vehicles by opening new roads, and investing in efficient and safe vehicles such as subway lines, speedy trains, and modern public buses (Chaudhry, 2012). Rapid population growth is also an issue that has led to traffic jam in Abu Dhabi. Road networks should support increasing populations. However, road networks also have their limits to points where they cannot support further expansion or increased number of commuters. Most of these commuters also live in the city suburbs where they must commute to various destinations. There are also never ending activities within the port that attract all manner of vehicles that cause heavy congestions on the port road. Abu Dhabi road congesti