ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Why is China More Dependent on the USA and the Dollar than the USA Is on China? I wanted to ask this question after reading a section of the 2015 Special report titled A Longer March . The subject of this section was China and its dependence on the dollar coupled with its “inefficient” economic model. The inefficiency was exemplified by the economic crisis that China was undergoing in 2015 and the devaluation of the Chinese Yuan (“The Sticky Superpower”). I was always curious why it was considered that the country with money to buy products was considered more powerful and important than the country that makes products for the entire world. As it stands, China produces everything. If I were to venture to Walmart and start reading the labels, I am confident that almost everything besides food products would be labeled “Made in China.” As it stands, China has the strongest and largest financial sector in the world. At the same time, a good portion of the US debt belongs to China. The article spoke of China as a “wannabe superpower,” which has the potential for being one but is not one yet. However, should China be stricken by any crisis serious enough to stop it from producing our cars, iPhones, shirts, and plastic bags, the entire world would suddenly find itself without its greatest industrial giant, which would be just as catastrophic, if not more catastrophic than the Wall Street Crisis of 2009. This made me question the idea that the USA is an undisputed hegemon of the global economy. Works Cited “The Sticky Superpower.” The Economist . 2015, Web.
It is extremely easy to view the Black Panther Party as a group of aggressive racists answering the discrimination with violence. However, the social conditions leading to the creation and practices of the movement were complex, and their contribution to the equality movement was not limited to the firefights. Towards the BPP Several factors have to lead to the creation of the Black Panthers in 1966. While Martin Luther King has been preaching nonviolence and equality, more and more Blacks started to see his views as ineffective and too limited. After standing up against police brutality in 1957, Malcolm X started to rise as one of the leaders of the African American movement. His excellent rhetoric and firm beliefs in Muslim values and Black supremacy quickly brought him into the media spotlight. He was one of the first to speak of “Black Power” and accuse the white people of the social problems existing in America ( Eyes on the Prize – 07 – The Time Has Come ). These views, combined with the failure by the organizations like SNCC and CORE to achieve meaningful results, became fuel for the early Black Panthers. They were angry and ready to protect themselves and other Blacks by force. However, it should be noted that while anger brought the organization together, the ideas of its founders were not that simple. BPP Ideology The autobiography of Huey P. Newton reveals him to be a fascinating man. His fight for the rights of Black Americans was fueled by the views of Dostoevsky, Bakunin, and even existentialists like Camus and Sartre (Newton and Blake 4). While the overall plan of the party was simple, these ideas can be seen in some aspects of the Black Panthers movement. They protested against capitalism and what they viewed to be robbery by the rich. They aimed to fix the flaws in the system. The party also started to support gender equality at the end of the 1960s. Later Newton has protested the “US imperialism” and traveled the world seeking to spread his ideas across the globe. All of these examples show that leaders of the BPP were not merely driven by anger. They tried to fight for some higher ideals. BPP Practices Probably the most well-known practice of the Black Panthers was the community patrol. These bands dressed in the BPP uniforms and armed with guns were going around Black neighborhoods. Supposedly, they meant to stop the police from abusing the African Americans. However, later many members of the party admitted to deliberately ambushing officers and provoking them. Their anger was justified. California used racist legislation to disarm Black people, abuse them, and silence the protests. However, the violence was not the only tool Black Panthers used. They were running a school
Cloud computing can be defined as a group of controls and policiesthat aim at securing data, applications, and the associated services of cloud computing.Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is one group of services offered by cloud computing(Amrhein and Scott 1). In the software-as-a-service, the retailerprovides the software product,the hardware infrastructure and networks with the user via a front-end portal. SaaS is anextremelylarge market. The services range from web-based email to database processing and account control(Chee and Franklin 2). Since the service provider hosts both the information and application, the consumer can liberally use the service from anyplace. Cloud computing is not a thing that can be purchased byconsumers.Consumers should not care whether they receive appliancesusing cloud computing or not. Cloud computing is anoperationform for appliances that companies employso as todecrease infrastructure overheads and or deal with scalability and capacity issues. During normal cloud computing situations,companies administer their applications from a data huboffered by the cloud provider who is a third party.The provider is accountable for supplying servers, storage, networking andinfrastructure required to guarantee the accessibility of the applications. How Conversion to the Cloud might be Accomplished and Safeguarded In financiallydistressed times, many corporations tend to adjourn upgrading their IT systems. As an alternative, they give precedence toIT projects intended to augment competence. The initiative of switching older desktop PCs into thin clients, and as a consequencehomogenizing them, unites both of these techniques by concurrentlysafeguarding yourIT venture and cutting your IT overheads. Thin client conversionsoftware can boost the service life of subsisting computinghardware by more than two years, regardless of whether it concernsolder thin clients, net-tops or PCs. The Future of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) In my opinion, software as a service cloud computing isnot going to dominate the next several years in information management. This is due to the reasons highlighted below. Security In almost all surveysconducted on cloud computing, the peak reason given for not assuming, it is a fear over security(Fornes 2; Schneier 1).Placing your business-crucial data in the arms of an external provider still propels shivers down the spines of nearly all CIO’s. A certain school of thought argues thatkeeping data in the cloud is more secure than having it on interior servers linked to the Internet. The latest case of a hacker who found his way into the United Statesadministration network demonstrates that allegedly secure networks can also behacked (Kynetix Technology Group 15).Firms need to be certain about the height of security they have in theirbusiness. Data Location and Privacy Information, in a cloud computing situation, has to subsist on physical servers someplace in the world and the physical localit
A diet of a contemporary person should consist of fruit and vegetables; bread and other cereals and potatoes; meat and fish; milk and dairy foods; and food and drinks containing sugar and fat (FSA Nutrient and Food Based Guidelines for UK Institutions 1). The excess of salt and sugar in food leads to numerous diseases and specially to heart ones. The American Heart Association has created particular norms of these ingredients in human food. Being leveled by the recommended daily allowances, sugar and salt are proposed as the following intake norms. Sugar is allowed for males in the amount of 36 g and for females in the amount of 24 g. Sodium can be consumed by males of 2,300 mg and 1,500 mg for females. I have monitored my daily intake of sugar and sodium. Using food labels and the Internet, I managed to gather the necessary information fast and without difficulties (Bianchini 62). At the end of a day I calculated your total sugar and sodium intake. Here are the numbers which I observed. Product                                                                                           Sugar, g  Sodium, g 2 sunny side eggs                                                                                 0         0         bottle starbucks mocha (4 1/2 fl oz)                                                              31g       95mg      1 cup of orange juice (minute maid not from concentrate)                                          22g       0         snack chobani strawberry (0% fat greek yogurt)                                                    19g
Thesis Statement: Foucault suggests that the “deployment” of sexuality is closely connected with the deployment of integrity, which is the main principle of the social and political welfare of the state. This process reveals the formation of sexual identities through the emergence of political and legal rules and principles that greatly influenced the contemporary perception and understanding of this concept. Introduction We live in a society that is heavily saturated with sexual imagery – from sexually explicit films to ad campaigns primarily based on sexual titillation or innuendo and which now pervade almost every aspect of our lives. Sexuality has come to be regarded as an integral part of human nature. But how many of us have asked the question “what is sexuality?” or “how and why have we come to view our identity as inherently linked to our sexuality?” Perhaps far too few. Yet for Foucault, a French philosopher, historian, and sociologist, this question holds within it, a vital truth, crucial to the human experience. In his book, The History of Sexuality , his main aim was to determine why and how sexuality has been so vigorously pursued as an object of knowledge, and more importantly, why we perceive it as possessing the power to reveal who we are and to liberate us. Foucault does not focus on the nature of sexuality per se, but rather on our pursuit of knowledge about sexuality, the kind of knowledge this pursuit has obtained, what we expect that knowledge to tell us about ourselves and the social power that it contains. Sexual proliferation is not primarily restricted, as it constructs subjects by means of incitement of desire and in the process of forming the identities. This means that the construction of subjectivity is the outcome of social practices. In particular, the knowledge proliferation on sexuality by means of rejection propelled the emergence of modern identities that as if rebel this rejection. This denial triggered the transformation of a sexually passive society into the revolutionary one. More importantly, this has become a means of a particular display of self-affirmation. With the advent of capitalism and industrialization, sexuality was restricted and “carefully confined; it moved into the home” (Foucault 3). In this way, the concept of sex and sexuality was shrouded in secrecy. It also became the main instrument of social and political manipulation. Those restrictions triggered the emergence of a new temporal trend of social life– Victorian Puritanism, which forbade any displays of sexuality and imposed taboo and silence on the subject. It is understandable that the vision of sexuality was reduced to its minimized function of life reproduction, as the eighteenth century was the time “when labor capacity was being systematically exploited” and therefore, there was no place for dissipation and sexual pleasure (Foucault 6). The restriction imposed in the Victorian era implicitly influenced the contemporary outlook on the hypocrisy and rise of overt discussion
Brain death was defined in 1968 as a condition characterized by three major features. A brain-dead individual is not capable of responding and receiving stimuli from his surrounding environment. In addition, a brain-dead person does not have the capacity to perform spontaneous actions, including breathing and beating of the heart (Boissy et al ., 2008). Lastly, a brain-dead person does not show any reflex actions. The cessation of the pumping of the heart can be technically determined through the employment of an electroencephalogram (EEG) which detects any electrical activity that originates from the brain of an individual. Thirty years after the establishment of the definition of brain death, additional descriptors were incorporated into the concept. The concepts of brain death and cerebral definitions of death influence the decision-making process in medical and social-ethical areas because the main concept that still remains unclear now is not only the definition of death but also the definition of life. If death is defined as the loss of breathing and the loss of the heartbeat, which are both based on the proper functioning of the brain, then it can then be subjectively derived that life is the presence of breathing and the existence of a heartbeat. The controversy over brain death was triggered by the inception of innovative medical equipment such as the life support system that is commonly attached to a patient that is in a comatose condition. The life support system provides a means for a comatose patient to continue breathing through the use of a respirator. In addition, the development of defibrillators serves as a tool in introducing electrical impulses to the chest of an individual who is experiencing either a loss of heartbeat or an improper rhythm of the heart. The controversy over brain death started when the classical definition of brain death involves the loss of capacity in breathing and maintaining a heartbeat. However, with the development of new medical equipment that could revive and maintain the essential processes of the human body, the definition of brain death became vague. The concept of brain death is also furthe
The Alabama stadium is situated in Tuscaloosa, which is in Alabama University, which was in the year 1831 but did not start immediately. It was able to start its first play in 1892; the Alabama team has 12 national championships and tide claim to have 21 SEC championships. The team had 30 ten-win seasons; it was able to play about 53 bowl games and won 30 of these games, which are a record of NCAA. There have been about 91 Alabama player who is Americans without a Heisman trophy winner but they have the pride because they play as a team. Alabama had a good team from the beginning of its history therefore it was able to have the record of being a winner in most of the plays that it was able to play. In the first 30 years, the team went through 116-53-16 but had no respect from the college football world. In the university of Penn then this was seen as one of the powerhouses in college football, which had 336-101-19 records that were in the year 1885. That time Penn had Alabama on schedule but the college had no respect for this team. The tide4 won 9-7 which was a record of Alabama winning after going north but it was not the dominating game to this team but it was seen as a game that validated to Alabama football program. The crimson tide current home venue that is the Bryant stadium which was opened in 1929 has a capacity of about 12,000 and this stadium had been able to grow into the official capacity of about 92,138 with other additions been made. Many traditions had evolved from the beginnings where the most distinctive Alabama traditions were associated with football. (Mike, 2003) The
One Health Initiative is a collaborative effort focused on bringing various animal and human health care departments, as well as environmental departments together to improve the health and well-being of all species. Researches completed by the organizations that take part in the One Health Initiative have shown the direct links between human and animal health and is continually working on their further understanding and prevention (Osterhaus et al., 2020). There are numerous examples of diseases born from animals or the environment, and the lack of cooperation between these scientific fields of research played an important part in several latest epidemic outbreaks. Three components provide a stable framework for One Health:   * Microbiological strains of microorganisms that influence human and animal health allow scientists to monitor their behavior and mutations, as well as develop new methods of disease prevention.   * Observations of ecosystem health provide early signs of potential dangers to human and animal health. This also gives people a chance to conserve the biodiversity of ecosystems, which is required for mutual survival between animals and humans (Osterhaus et al., 2020).   * Studies of interactions between humans and animals, especially wild ones, allow scientists to predict future virus emergences or biodiversity threats. Through participation in the One Health Initiative, countries can provide crucial information about the situation of the environment and the problems people need to focus on to defend the health of all species. Due to the increased interconnectedness between humans and animals, diseases are more likely to spread, and cooperation among all countries is mandatory to maintain healthy populations (Osterhaus et al., 2020). An example of this would be COVID-19 and its studies that will help in the prevention of further coronaviruses emergence. The One Health Institute, CA, currently works on compiling an open source FAQ with thorough information on the topic provided by many countries and organizations that aim to raise pandemic preparedness. The social sciences help in understanding the disease and preventing its spread. Again taking COVID-19 as an example, it can be seen how people can reduce the effects of pandemics through social awareness, support of others, and self-isolation. My biggest takeaways from the course are the knowledge of zoonotic diseases, relations between social and medical sciences, and the importance of open information in disease prevention. I believe this knowledge would help me to be more aware of potential threats to the ecosystem and humanity people create.
Introduction The airline industry has become one of the most flourishing and thriving industries in the world with millions of workers employed in the sector. In addition, large amounts of revenues are generated from daily business operations in the airline industry. Studies indicate that the services offered by the airline industry have been pivotal towards the growth and development of the global economy. In their publication “The global airline industry” , Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart (2009, p.45) point out that since its inception, major consolidation processes as well as regulations and deregulations have taken place. These have immensely changed and reshaped its operations. The changes have led to transformation of systems of control in order to keep the companies vibrant and at par with competition in the industry. As this paper analyses, consolidations in the airline industry greatly affect key players both positively and negatively, causing some airline companies to benefit. It is on this front that the paper seeks to examine the real beneficiaries from the airline industry consolidation. Background of the airline industry The successful growth of the airline industry has been attributed to the effective and efficient management strategies and interrupted provision of customers with better and quality services. Dickson (2010, p. 72) indicates that initially, the airline industry was dominated by few major and pioneering airlines which practiced market monopoly policies. However, from the mid nineteen fifties to the late seventies, many other airline companies came up with competent services in Europe and America to meet the increasing demand for faster international travel and cargo delivery services, and for effective competition in the growing global market. These resulted into intense competition in the global airline industry. According to economic analysts, this has played an important role in shaping the events happening in the airline industry. Due to the emergence of new airline companies and the introduction of deregulation into the airline market, the initial controls were then forced to review monopolistic ideas of the market to accommodate the new arrivals. Over the years, the demand for growth and dominance in the global airline market has continued to surge, and the air traffic has continued to experience an upward trend consistently with only exceptions of two periods (Dickson 2010, p. 72). F
Introduction The existence and operation of money remittance systems is one of the primary features of developing economic relation at all scales from local to the global ones. Their history can be traced back to ancient times and the dawn of human civilization. As such systems evolved, they were usually adapted in response to the needs of particular and specificities of particular trade routes. Moreover, they obtained local variations thus creating the intricate worldwide system for money remittance. However, the promotion of such local peculiarities made it more complicated to monitor and control the development and operation of this sector of economic relations, especially at broader scales. One of such money remittance systems is hawala. The primary challenge with its existence is its unique flexibility, which makes it especially attractive for financing terrorism and money laundering in line with the lawful economic activities. This paper will focus on studying anti-money laundering compliance of Dubai-based hawala with customers all over the globe. In addition to this central question, the research will provide thorough information about the specificities of hawala as a remittance system and its operation together with its major advantages and disadvantages. The motivation for paying specific attention to the theoretical background is its contribution to the better apprehension of the subject under investigation and detecting the gaps, which might be deployed for illegal activities, especially money laundering. The Evolution of Hawala as a Remittance System Hawala, legally known as alternative remittance systems, is the system for money movement, which is characterized by the possibility to conduct transfer operations without the involvement of financial institutions such as banks. In other words, this remittance system grants the opportunity to foster cash flows both domestically and internationally informally, which means that it is impossible to trace the objectives of similar operations (Rollins 11; Siegel and Nelen 115). Due to the non-necessity of involving banks in the remittance process, these systems are anonymous, cheap, and fast. In most cases, they are used by overseas workers both legal and illegal to transfer money to their families. However, for the same reason, hawala might be used as a channel for money laundering operations. The history of hawala can be traced back to the development of active trade relations along the Silk Road. During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, it operated within a tight family unit. It means that only family members living along the mentioned trade route were involved in money remittance because they could be trusted. The system soon became popular with traders. So, it evolved and adapted to different cultures all over the ancient civilizations becoming known as havala in Persia, padala in the Philippines, hundi in India, and Fei-Chien in China (Al-Khalifa 1; International Monetary Fund 31). The origin of the phenom