ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Bullying is a major problem in schools worldwide. Its consequences may be severe as some cases have led to the suicide of the victims and murder by the bullies. The need for research on this issue is clear, and various professionals are approaching it from different perspectives. One such study was published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry in 2008 (Ball et al.). This paper will provide a review of this article and its analysis. Review The primary hypothesis of the paper is that victimization may have several genetic factors that influence the behavior of children who bully others or are victims of bullying. The hypothesis is not clearly stated to be a hypothesis, but the authors express it as the main idea behind the paper. Two examinations were performed based on two ideas. The first was dedicated to the analysis of genetic and environmental influences on children’s connection to bullying while separating bullies and victims. The second instead focused on them simultaneously. The variables that the authors investigated were the genetic and environmental influences on the bullies, their victims, and bullies who are also victimized by others. The researchers were trying to find if there is a relationship between the outside factors and these groups of people. The sample comprised of 1,116 families chosen with the help of the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study. It provided a convenience sample of 2,232 same-sex twins that fit the requirements of the study. The main demographic for the study included same-sex twins between the ages of 7 and 10. It is a qualitative study that used surveys, interviews, and other tools to gather information. These tools included a Life History Calendar that was designed for parents to keep track of their children’s experiences, Child Behavior Checklist that allowed mothers and teachers of the children to track their behavioral patterns. The parents were asked to rate the frequency of the bullying that their children experience and to describe the experience of bullying that their children went through. In the case of bullies themselves, mothers and teachers had to note the frequency of various actions such as verbal and physical abuse of others. The results of the study suggest that the hypotheses presented by the researchers were partially correct. In over two-thirds of the examined cases, the results suggested that genetic and environmental influences affect children’s victimization. The authors suggest that genetic influences can make children more vulnerable to victimization than those whose parents do not exhibit such characteristics. Environmental factors are also able to affect, and it may be unique to just one of the twins, while the other can remain unaffected. Bullying was mostly influenced by genetic factors and only partially affected by environmental parameters. Various aspects of personality that can be passed from adults to children such as impulsivity and sensation-seeking can have a significant effect on the children who later become bullies. Only a modest correlation was found
Healthcare facility designing process is much more complex than when designing other types of buildings. Health care facilities offer a wide range of services together with a variety of functional units that need to be incorporated in the design. All the functional units are designed according to the specific regulations and code that healthcare facility design and construction. Hospital functions have been evolving over the years with the introduction of complex technological systems that require special consideration during facility design (Devenney, 2011). Due to these reasons, expert consultants are normally called upon to handle healthcare facility planning and design. Each functional unit within a healthcare facility has got its own priorities and needs that have to match the financial status of the hospital. The internal traffic and inter-departmental relationship are mandatory requirements that should be balanced in the process of designing healthcare a healthcare facility. This paper will highlight the environmental design elements of a healthcare facility and the reasons for a particular floor plan. Hospitals serve different users that need to be accommodated in the facility design. The design of a healthcare should have the input of all stakeholders including patients, support staff, physicians, visitors, suppliers and volunteers (Miller, 2006). The facility design should put into consideration the human needs relative to functional requirements. The diagnostic, treatment and administrative functions are very basic in any health facility that needs adequate space and facilities (Miller, 2006). The configuration of the healthcare facility design depends entirely on the physical relationship among the facility functions. There should be effective movement and communication mechanisms to ensure a smooth flow of materials, people and waste. There are quite a number of factors that determine the configuration of the healthcare facility under design (Devenney, 2011). The size of the facility together with the number of technological facilities needed determine the facility’s configuration. The emergence of new technologies and medical needs has increased the number of functional units and faculties to be planned for. The shape of nursing units should be compact rectangles or circular to reduce the distance between the ward patients and the nurse’s station (Miller, 2006). The shape of the facility structure is highly dependent on the facility’s nursing program the bed capacity. Despite the size, budget and location of a healthcare facility, there are certain design requirements that each facility must meet. The facility layout should ensure the efficiency of the staff by having short distances between frequently used spaces. The layout should also ensure easy supervision of patients by the staff through the elimination of redundant spaces (Miller, 2006). The logistics system should be made efficient by designing for facilities such as elevators, box conveyors and pneumatic tubes to help in the movement of patients, staff and other hospital materials. The design should have support and m
Sustainability The main sources of funds for the sustainability of the project are donations, grants, and gifts provided by interested organizations and citizens. At first, the organization applied to be an official registered charity to be able to legally receive these forms of funding. Subsequently, various health-oriented foundations were approached for grants and possible partnerships to ensure the project’s sustainability. Such organizations include the National Charities Partnership and Outreach Program, Crime Prevention Action Fund, Canadian Red Cross, AMREF Canada, and others who may find the services of our project relevant to their goals. Another form of sustainable funding for our project is donations. While the organization will be accepting donations throughout its operation, additional actions will be taken to attract more funding. They may include donation drives, promotion on radio, television, and websites, as well a
Introduction Background Emirates Airlines was established in 1985 in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE) and it has become the largest airline companies in the Middle East. The firm is wholly owned by the UAE government through the Dubai Investment Corporation and it has established its presence in different markets across the world. The firm operates in over 76 countries and over 3,400 flights per week (Sambidge 2013). In a bid to satisfy the market, the firm operates both cargo and passenger carriers. The Emirates SkyCargo division is responsible for handling cargo. In 2012, the airline ranked fourth with regard to the total number of international passengers carried. Additionally, Emirates Airlines ranks as the longest non-stop commercial carrier in the world. The airline is focused on delivering a high level of customer satisfaction. One of the areas of emphasis relates to the provision of excellent level of service. The airline operates a mixed fleet, which is comprised of Boeings and Airbuses. Its effectiveness in delivering high quality services has not only enabled it to develop a strong brand name, but also in becoming a market leader. Emirate Airlines is cognisant of the significance of developing a strong level of customer loyalty by providing customers with high quality services. Subsequently, the firm has adopted flight catering as one of its customer service tools in its business model. Jones (2004) contends that flight catering is a large industry. Furthermore, the industry is characterised by a high degree of complexity. Despite this aspect, airline companies are increasingly using flight catering as a marketing tool (Jones 2004). Optimal operations management is vital in an airline’s efforts to stimulate its productivity. Therefore, operations managers should understand the link between various management aspects such as capacity management and organisational performance. Such an understanding equips managers with sufficient knowledge on how to deal with issues that emerge. Slack, Chambers, and Johnson (2010, p.2) define capacity management as ‘the set of work processes associated with the provisioning and management of IT infrastructure resources, such as servers, printers, and telecommunication devices, used to support business processes in a cost effective manner’. Barnhart and Fearing (2012) further postulate that capacity management in the service industries such as the airline industry is challenging due to the unique nature of the services provided. One of the challenges relates to management of demand and supply, and hence the companies’ capability to sustain their quality standards. Capacity management issues hinder firms’ ability to attain their productivity target. Problem statement Emirates Airlines is facing
Introduction In the United States, there have been a number of health policies targeting largely the women. Some of them have been implemented, but the weighty ones have not been fully addressed. This means that vital health policies are not comprehensively implemented. Some health policies have passed several years and from one government to another. The Reproductive bill has attracted storms from all corners of the nation as one government promises some drastic changes while another twist the same changes. The following discussion will provide an in-depth analysis of one such policy still under contradiction, its intended effects, and the general views about the benefits that the policy will have on women heath. The equality that is intended to be achieved by the same bill will also be highlighted. Reproductive policy In the year 2006, there was a heated debate in the Congress on whether women in the United States should be allowed to legally carry out abortion. It was agreed that a further discussion will be held to provide a solution on the same. Partial Birth abortion Act is the recent Act that has been put in place. This means that women will have access to abortion services, though this will be limited. However, a majority of women have been fighting for exclusive rights while seeking freedom of choice (Salganicoff, 2007). The federal government is not ready to splash millions of dollars to facilitate contraception but rather encourages sexual education to the women fraternity, and especially the low-income earners. The federal government is however encouraging women access to medical insurance (The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2012a). The government is willing to pay part of the insurance lump sum while women regard it as a sole government responsibility. In recent times, there has been reported increase in women cooperation to contribute to the insurance premiums (Salganicoff, 2007). According to the article titled ‘Women: Stay Healthy at Any Age’ , abortion deteriorates with age and the effects are often felt at later stages in life. This is only made worse in cases where women have excessive use of alcohol and tobacco and have heart diseases, infections or diseases related to productive organs. Women are unable to tend to the health insurance premiums since they have kept on being adjusted upward for the last four consecutive years. A majority of women in the United States own small businesses with small incomes. Hence they are unable to cater for their own premiums and that of their employees. In 2007, there were 35 million uninsured American women. The number has increased to 50 million (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2010). Limitation of the health care policy The policy does not address the needs of lo
Introduction A poor man lived near a river that stayed frozen over most of the year because he lived very far north. He went there to fish because he was hungry. So he cut a hole in the ice and dropped his baited hook in. It was not long before he pulled in a nice fish. He cooked it and ate it and then built a little shack on the spot so he would have a place to sleep, sit, fish, and eat protected from the elements. The shack had a nice window he had found in an abandoned cabin and he took up residence. Every day he pulled in one fish, so he stayed alive. He was hungry still, but he knew he would not starve. After a while, he saw another fellow on the other side of the river do the same thing. However, there was a difference: the stranger was catching 6 fish every day. Now the poor man watched this for weeks, but he was catching his one fish every day, so he refused to take a chance and cross the river because he was catching one fish every day. He was not happy, but he would not risk his one fish a day to go after more by moving across the river. What made him really angry was that the guy across the river did not need six fish a day, but he would not throw one of them over to the poor man. That is why eighty percent of the public allows itself to be led by government, religion, and corporations owned or operated by the other twenty percent. Adam and Eve, or their interdenominational equivalents, had to leave the garden to become human. As long as they stayed in the garden and everything was provided, they needed nothing and would never grow. Even if the garden had only provided enough to barely keep them alive, they, like the poor fisherman, would never have left on their own. Most people will accept having just enough to get by rather than take a chance or make a change. Corporate America knows this, and they have the secret to survival in a free market: words. “Religion is the opiate of the people” is one of the most frequently quoted statements of Karl Marx . It was translated from the German original, “Die Religion… ist das Opium des Volkes” and is often referred to as “religion is the opiate of the masses”. The quote originates from the introduction of his 1843 work Contribution to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right which was subsequently released one year later in Marx’s own journal Deutsch-Französischen Jahrbücher, a collaboration with Arnold Ruge. The phrase “Tis opium you feed your people” appears in 1797 in Marquis de Sade’s text L’Histoire de Juliette. (Wikipedia 2007) Marx and all the others may have been right. However, religion has changed. It is the dollar and the respect gained by its acquisition is that is sought. We worship with our credits cards and cash. Financial success is a development of the industrial age, but the rush to consume has overtaken us only during the last century, and the development of modern mass media has accelerated progress. When people get paid they rush to spend. In fact, they usually spend the money before it is ear
There is a clear connection between the political, societal, and economic issues in the past and their present-day manifestations. The problems, which emerged at the end of the last century, did not disappear but evolved, and new challenges entered people’s lives. From this perspective, examining critical events and their outcomes is significant for understanding their development, and Michelle Alexander and Angela Davis discuss such occasions while explaining their causes. The first central topic of the video is the need for a revolution of a structural nature, which is still vital for the country. It is underpinned by the fact that justice is not achieved yet, and racism is a part of all essential systems (AfroMarxist, 2017). Thus, being a political prisoner in the 1970s, Angela states that her understanding of the problem has not changed since that time (AfroMarxist, 2017). It means that the wellbeing of people is greatly conditional upon the replacement of existing entities with more favorable organizations, which are based on equality. The second topic is the connection between racism and the prison system, which remained unchanged over the past years. According to Angela, it adversely affects the lives of black people in the United States who are more likely to be in jail out of their ideological views (AfroMarxist, 2017). This problem is complemented by the unwillingness of citizens to associate themselves with their relatives in prisons (AfroMarxist, 2017). Therefore, this aspect confirms the presence of structural issues. In conclusion, the frequent aggression of minorities is a challenge for the government, but it vital to examine the cause-and-effect relationship in this respect. The experience of these people proves that the problem derives from the injustice of political, economic, and societal institutions rather than individual motives. Thus, eliminating risks for the population is possible only after the suggested revolution, which aims to address inequality. Reference AfroMarxist. (2017). A conversation between Michelle Alexander & Angela Davis [Video]. YouTube.
Introduction For companies that are responsible for offering services to customers, employees come into direct contact with clients. Consequently, the manner in which they articulate their verbal and non-verbal communication greatly contributes to customer satisfaction. In every transaction made between a service provider and a customer, their communication is split into verbal and non-verbal. Elements of Non-verbal communication include kinesics, paralanguage, physical appearance and proxemics. All these rudiments contribute to the way in which buyers evaluate a business. For instance, eye contact and smile lead to customers feeling appreciated (Gabbott & Hogg, 2001). They also give an impression that the service provider is confident of the service he or she is offering and thus helps in winning customer’s trust. Paralanguage such as tone variation may lead to customers doubting one’s confidence in his or her work. Some proxemics helps in changing customers’ attitude towards a company and its staffs. For instance, a restaurant attendant that is used to touching customers leads to them having positive regards for him. The customers always wish to be served by the attendant and are willing to return to the restaurant. Furthermore, such an attendant can easily convince the customers in case they have complaints against the restaurant. Apart from proxemics, kinesics and paralanguage, physical appearance also contributes to customer satisfaction in an organization. Employees that are physically attractive are considered to be friendly by customers thus trusting them. The following are some of the non-verbal signals and how they add to purchaser contentment. Kinesics Kinesics refers to body movements and is an inevitable phenomenon in every communication. Some of the body movements that make up kinesics include eye contact, smile, hand shaking, orientation and nodding. Different kinesics conveys different messages based on the context in which they are u
The norms of ethics play a prominent part in research because they imply that a person should respect other people who take part in a study and acknowledge the contributions of other scholars. This paper will focus on such notions as intellectual property, use of human subjects, and social responsibility. In particular, it is necessary to explain how researchers should ensure that the rules of ethical behavior are followed. Overall, one can say that these requirements are obligatory almost for every kind of study but they become essential in those cases when the research involves human participants or when it significantly affect the life of a community. The key concepts that are related to research ethics are honesty and integrity. One of the most important requirements is the disclosure of relevant information about research. In particular, those people, who take in the study, should know about the objective of this research, the use of confidential data, or possible risks, if there are any (Emanuel 59; Creswell 89). These are the steps that a research or team should take to make sure the principles of openness or integrity are not violated. These ethical rules are important for both individual researchers and organizations. The thing is that an organization or company that sponsored an ethically flawed research can face legal action, social disapproval, and even loss of profits. When discussing the principles of openness and integrity, one should mention such an issue as the conflict of interest. In many cases, the studied are funded by commercial or for-profit organizations that pursue some economic objectives (Caulfield and Williams-Jones 79). Thus, every researcher should acknowledge his or her affiliation with a commercial organization; otherwise the findings of the research or its methodology can be discredited. This is why the principles of openness and integrity should not be disregarded. The use of human subjects is the main reason why so much attention is paid to the ethical aspects of research. The main principle that should be followed is the avoidance of harm to the participants. This task is of great relevance to social sciences and medicine. Under such circumstances, the researchers should build every safeguard ensuring that life and health of the subjects are at risk. Avoiding harm also means that the confidential information about subjects should be treated properly. It should not be disclosed to any third-part or used for any purposes that have not been discussed with the subjects before. For example, phone numbers, medical records, or addresses of subjects cannot be transmitted to any third-parties. In other words, everything that can reveal the identity of subjects should be kept confidential (Creswell 90). One can reduce this ris