ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Enhancing the use of technological program was initiated to improve the efficiency in business achievement through the use of table computers. For instance, the use of iPad, iPhone iPod, and other mobile applications has revolutionized the technological development. Through the program, all mobile users are expected to be technologically literate by the time the users finish the eighth grade. For instance, the finance management “tablet” devices to be designed will incorporate the use of information technology. The program also includes skills development where 25% of the funds are allocated to train the workers who are manufacturing “tablet” devices. Only state of the art manufacturers and agencies are eligible for the grant and loans to improve on the production of such technologically driven products. With the information received from the potential investors, the partners intend to invest in an area with a high potential venture and business that has relatively high returns, immediately after graduation. This is because at that time, the mind is still fresh and capable of maximizing the market dynamics. The company intends to create a number of employment opportunities for those who are in business and other fresh graduates. As a new venture into the business, the proprietor felt that the technologically driven products had a future in the competitive market due to increasing preference for such products. Since the business is capital intensive, a number of investors are expected to take part in carrying out the business activities. Introduction The Management of Finance unit includes the review, monitoring and implementation strategies, which are workable. It also involves the daily finance management of various business operations. Apart from the mobile users, the “tablet” devices are also suitable for both the departments in large organizations as well as micro-businesses. It provides users with the necessary financial and technical expertise that are valuable to the management of everyday business operations in workplaces, schools and home. The finance management “tablet” devices, for example, will equip the mobile users with the knowledge of multimedia software, which is known as Great Plains (GP). The software is used in the finance and non-finance industry to manage sales of various companies. Sales managers used it to capture the details of their clients, and to reconcile the individual customer’s account. Discussion The people to be involved in planning for the business should represent the interest of all investors. Among those expected to be in the committee include the investment experts and school administrators. The business experts would be useful since they help in determining the content of the “tablet” devices. M
Children’s rights are at massive risk of violation because children lack independence from their parents and parental guardians. Therefore, children cannot fully represent their interests and often do not even acknowledge their rights. Thus, society’s responsibility is to address the violations of the children’s rights and ensure their protection. Especially during the crisis, such as coronavirus pandemic, children have suffered from various negative impacts such as the economic slump, high level of unemployment, and high mortality rate across the globe. Even though children have less severe symptoms in case of contacting coronavirus than other age groups, they still experience significant adverse impacts of the pandemic. Raman et al. (2020) have developed a strategy of protecting children’s rights during the COVID-19 outbreaks to minimize the short- and long-term devastating effects on children’s lives. They call for visibility of children and young people during the pandemic, universal access to quality healthcare for children of all ages, proactive assessment of their families and communities, and recognition of orphaned children. Therefore, it is essential to provide the needed care to the young population during this challenging time because they cannot advocate for their rights themselves. Universally, both intended and non-intended harm towards children is punished more severely than towards adults. For example, many countries consider a sexual assault of children, especially by people who have reached the legal age of majority, as a more severe crime than a sexual assault of adults. Moreover, the offender is punished not only from the legal perspective but also is subjected to heavy ostracization from society, whereas, for example, adult victims in certain communities are judged more than the perpetrator of the assault. Human service workers need to pay extra attention to the young population, and they have to perform patience and empathy while communicating with a child. Children are less skillful than adults in expressing their needs and discomfort; therefore, social workers are responsible for representing children’s rights correctly. For example, the human service worker’s responsibility is to identify a child’s unique conditions, such as health conditions, trauma, and other irregular needs that children cannot declare themselves. In order to raise awareness for children’s rights, it is crucial to conduct and implement policies aimed to provide the needed support for children. Such policies can be applied to specific conditions such as the COVID-19 crisis or humanitarian disasters, or there also policies that represent children’s interest in general. Governments should devote their resources to developing and updating these policies, depending on their r
The problem of genetic engineering and eugenics becomes a topical question for modern science and medicine. The article “Supersize Your Child” vividly portrays the beginnings of the scientific research and moral and ethical dilemma faced by modern scientists. The author states that unnatural selection will deepen species inequality and as such demand’s protection and legislation. What science may achieve soon, though, is increasing the odds of a boy or a girl being born; this could be done through screening techniques. Recent research has, in fact, brought us a step closer to the day when a couple might be able to pick the sex of their child before it is conceived. Thesis Eugenics and genetic engineering proposes opportunities for parents to construct their child before birth but leads to unpredicted and uncontrolled consequences for the whole of mankind. Most scientists have welcomed the new eugenics guidelines as necessary to control the revolutionary research work in genetics and cut the chances of unleashing something terrible on the public. Some feel they are not strong enough, that the precautions are not foolproof. There is fear that while some scientists will now think twice before recombining DNA, others may not. Human nature and scientific curiosity are powerful influences in a laboratory, as is the competition to be first with a new research result. Furthermore, since the guidelines are not laws, there is nothing to prevent biochemists from carrying on recombinant DNA experiments in small laboratories without government funding, or without anyone knowing what they are up to. The research is also done in other countries, all of which have scientists as skilled as our own. Although several nations are trying to regulate such research, there is thus far nothing to compel them to. With so many laboratories working in genetics, it is almost impossible to control and contain all of the organisms involved. What is clear is that biology or chemistry, as interpreted and applied by imaginative and skilled scientists, has already shaped our lives in ways that our ancestors could hardly have imagined. Hayes is right stating that “we need to distinguish benign applications of these technologies from pernicious ones” (Hayes 188). Whether the good has outweighed the bad in what science has done is still open to discussion. It is also clear that we are now part of another biological and chemical age, a revolution that sooner or later is bound to affect us all as directly as it now affects the seemingly insignificant viruses and bacteria and their tiny specks of DNA. The risks for humanity in what scientists are now able to do are unquestionably greater than they were a century ago. Scientists have already done genetic engineering in animals. Nevertheless, a number of interesting developments that stop just short of the birth of a test-tube baby have
Introduction Justice and vengeance are two words which seem to have the same meaning, but in reality, they have an entirely different meaning. Webster’ dictionary defines justice as “the administering of deserved punishment or reward; the administration of what is just according to law,” and vengeance as “the infliction of injury, harm, or humiliation in return for an injury or offence.” Many people believe that in vengeance, there is no love, unlike in justice. In today’s society, people tend to seek vengeance instead of justice. When people are wronged, they desire to take revenge without considering the consequences. The difference between these two deeds is that justice is administered according to the society’s law, but with a vengeance, one tends to take the law into their own hands, and rage controls those deeds instead-of love that governs how justice is sought. Vengeance vs. Justice Vengeance only punishes people who what they did and mostly it is unruly and outside-the-law thus causing feuds. If carried out properly, justice teaches the wrongdoer the wrongs of his/her deeds, provides reparation to the victim and stops further quarrels. Justice is founded on civilization accomplishments of humanity, on law, legitimacy and philosophy and after a just trial and revealing the unknown. Vengeance is merely retribution, at times without ethical and just grounds, and it is fierce. It does not take into account the guilt, and mostly it is not fair. Vengeance is basically a response based on emotions and does not make the offended feel better, but on the contrary, it makes matters worse. Justice punishes the offender fairly according to the law and makes him/her realize his/her wrongs hence making the victim feel much better. Justice involves the law, while vengeance involves one’s emotions. Some people prefer vengeance than justice. Most people feel strongly coerced to rectify wrongs, to see unfairness rectified compellingly, directly and determinedly. Mostly, people are driven by an inner fervour for order and at times, driven by an injustice experienced or seen (Parnell, 43). It is deep-rooted and feels like a coercing need. Many people tend to be vengeful because they don’t trust that the law will punish the perpetrators as they deserve. The distinction between vengeance and justice is universal. Many doctrines support the idea of justice and affirm that all people should seek justice instead of vengeance. For instance, in Christianity, vengeance is not allowed. Christians are not allowed to take matters into their own hands or have vengeful hearts. To them, vengeance is a sin and its only God who can judge, condemn and grant justice. However, they respect the laws of the land and accepts that laws can determine what is just and what is not and also prosecute the wrongdoers. Muslims also support justice, and they believe that people should not offend God, and they should not also offend their fellow human. Vengeance is also seen
The struggle of members of the LGBTQ+ community for their rights at the local level has a long history in various countries, including the United States. One of the most acute topics in this regard is legislation related to marital status, which presupposes the observance of key human rights. The most developed countries on the planet, including the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, provide their citizens with equal rights for both same-sex and opposed-sex marriages. However, in the US, there has been a long history of gender discrimination against gay and lesbian couples at the legislative level. One of the milestones in the development of the struggle of members of the LGBTQ + community for their rights in the United States is the adoption of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). This law at the federal level defines marriage as an exclusively heterosexual union, which deprives homosexual couples of legal marital status. While the Defense of Marriage Act impacted the rights of same-sex couples across the US since 1996, not only providing financial insecurity but also oppressing their human rights as a whole, it is extremity is what inspired what the eventual lead to the legalization of same-sex marriage nationwide. The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was passed in the United States in 1996. The law “prevents same-sex couples from receiving any of the federal rights or benefits of marriage even if a state eventually allows same-sex marriage.” [1] The main purpose of this act was to consolidate the federal definition of the concept of marriage in such a way that it excluded homosexual unions. [2] As Hay notes, DOMA serves two main purposes: it defines marriage as the union of a man and a woman exclusively for federal law and permits states to deny recognition of marriage unions of other forms. [3] More specifically, DOMA restricts the definition of marriage to “only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife.” [4] The concept of spouse implies within the law that only a member of the opposite sex can be a husband or wife. Thus, this law does not imply same-sex marriage non-recognition but only designates a narrow scope of possible union configurations within the framework of federal law. The main reason for the adoption of this law was the general moral panic regarding homosexual unions in the United States. Adam underlines that “the DOMA phenomenon is consistent within the larger context of the recent history of gay and lesbian rights in the United States.” [5] In general, in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, there is a long history of legislative support for human rights, including the elimination of gender discrimination. Reforms to institutionalize same-sex unions have been a
Change in management is an effort to deviate from normal operations to new processes, and in a different way believed to be better than the actual procedures. Managers play a central role in the process of implementing change; they are concerned with exercising the functions of management, including planning, staffing, controlling, organizing, and supervising. However, change faces resistance from the employees because of fear of loss of jobs, financial security, and fear of the unknown. In this regard, this paper focuses on importance of implementing change in an organization and the role of managers in the implementation process. There are different types of changes in an organization, which include missionary changes, machinery changes, tactical changes, and operational changes. Hershey, Blanchard, and Johnson (2008) affirm that the reasons for change can be caused by either internal or external reasons. Some of the external reasons include legal requirement from the government, high competition, the costs of raw materials – which may be lower or higher, technological advancement, pressures from outside, and inadequate labour. Internal causes of change come from the organization itself, especially when there is a decline in earnings. This is done to improve processes and produce high quality goods. A change in management can also bring about change because new managers will come in with new skills. O
The article chosen for this paper is “Art Play: Stories of Engaging Families, Inspiring Learning, and Exploring Emotions” by M. Susan McWilliams, Ashley Brailsford Vaughns, Anne O’Hara, Loretta S. Novotny, and Theodora Jo Kyle. This article explores the importance of creativity and art play for development and education in early childhood. The authors explain how crucial play is for young children whose brains are thirsty for new experiences and knowledge. In my opinion, it is important that the authors noted that a play has to be supervised and directed and by an adult so that it does not turn into chaos and end up as a harmful experience. It is noted that the purpose of play is trials and mistakes, this is why artistic or creative play is to be conducted in a safe environment where children can get their hands and clothes dirty and are not limited or restricted by too many rules. The uniqueness of play as a learning experience for your children is based on the fact that play is universal, it can be employed to teach the rules of communication, and social relationships, math, languages, reading and writing, art, history, science, crafts, and physical education. I found it interesting that learning experience does not have to only happen in the classroom. Educators can collaborate with parents and transfer teaching to children’s homes. I chose this article because I fully agree that play is the best and only way to successfully teach young children to apply what they already know to analyse or influence various situations they face and prepare them for future social interactions and academic challenges. The article was inspiring for me as it pointed out a number of valuable aspects and provided a wide field for educators’ creativity.
Introduction The history of European-Indian relations is to great extent controversial and contradictory, so there exist several perspectives on the events, which occurred after the English began to develop the new territories. J.Tompkins, for instance, alleges her inability to evaluate the nature of this continuous war, referring to the incongruence of historical facts, whereas N.Salisbury’s reasoning moves towards historical generalization. The essay provides a conversation between the two scholars. Englishmen and a new land Tompkins, referring to Kuperman as a historian who presents valid facts, writes that “Englishmen inevitably looked at Indians the same way that they looked at other Englishmen” (Tompkins, 1986, p.8). On the other hand, according to N.Salisbury’s essay, ‘English settlers viewed the land and the native population as wilderness void of civilization. Where the English saw “virgin land”, they also saw God’s mandate to appropriate civilize it” (Salisbury, 2000, p. 27). As one can understand, the aspect of religion played a vital role in the relations: the Indians were regarded as ‘barbarians’ or ‘pagans’, in contrast to hierarchically ‘inferior’ English people, who were of the same faith and outlook and therefore didn’t need additional civilization-oriented training. Furthermore, Tompkins writes: “The statement that the materials on European-Indian relations were so highly charged that they demanded moral judgment…” (Tompkins, 1986, p.8). On the other hand, Salisbury claims that “defeat and dispossession of native peoples” point to the “tragedy in the history of Anglo-Americans’ relations with Indians” ( Salisbury, 2000, p.27). This means, moral account in history is not required, as the most appropriate view can be developed through the prism of the results of the struggle, which appeared to be tragic for both participants of the relations, regardless of their moral ‘virtuousness’ or ‘wrongness’. Historical relativism Another important assumption, made by Tompkins: “But it seems to me that when one is confronted with this particular succession of stories, cultural and historical relativism is not a position that one can comfortably assume” (Tompkins, 1986, p.8). On
Introduction As societies grow, community members and local officials are continually confronted by the desire to balance social, fiscal, environmental, and economic goals. They face the challenge to decide on the amount and forms of the new development that the society can confront so that not to put lives of the members of the community at risk. Thus, “socio-economic impact evaluation is intended to assist societies in decision making, which in turn promotes long-range sustainability, economic prosperity, social well-being and a healthy community” (Edwards, 2009). Social structure, particularly in social networks, influences economic results for three major reasons. First, the social networks determine the quality and flow of information. Most information is nuanced, subtle and hard to confirm. For this reason, players do not consider impersonal sources but rather rely on individuals they are familiar with. Second, social networks are a vital source of conducting evaluation. This is of importance because the significance of punishment or reward is frequently magnified based on their effect if they come from known persons. Finally, trust emerges in the context of a social network. Thus, in today’s world, any issues tied to economics play a major role in shaping the notions of culture and social structural frameworks in the society (Granovetter, 2005). Economic structure and culture Economic models naturally presume that employees choose work searching for benefits and costs that are levelled at margin. However, in any actual labour market, social networks have a major role. Potential employees and employers desire to learn from each other, i.e. from individual sources which have information that they trust such as social capital (Granovetter, 2005). Social interaction transmits information on employees, employers and jobs which flows constantly through the social networks. These networks are maintained by many people largely for the non-economic reasons. Normally, people make use of existing social networks and contacts, meaning that there usually is no need for making any financial investment in such networks. This reduces the costs below prescribed intermediaries. Pre-existing social networks are unequally distributed in various directions leading to unequal playing ground in labour markets without engaging any player (Granovetter, 2005). Models of economy also feature productivity of the personal attributes that can be changed through learning. However, one’s place in any social group may have a vital influence on the productivity, for many reasons. First, many tasks can only be accomplished through a serious collaboration from others, second is that several tasks are too complicated and delicate to be carried out “by book” and need “tacit knowledge” exercise suitable only though interacting with knowledgeable individuals. Since good interaction with one another is vital, this means that those joining the company through individual con