ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Background A change in art, particularly, its form, the means of artistic expression, etc., is an inevitable characteristic of progress. It would be wrong to consider art isolated from the rest of the domains of people’s life, e.g., the social, the political, the economic, and the technological ones. Quite the opposite, art serves as the means of rendering the alteration and the challenges that people face in the identified realms, therefore, portraying the process of the evolution of the humankind (Leslie 2013). As a result, the art of the 20 th century turns out to be drastically different from that of the 21 st century due to the huge changes that the world has undergone in the identified time slot. True, some of the elements, such as the postmodernist tendencies, crucial themes, etc., turn out to be recurrent in art and, therefore, appear in the artworks of the 21 st century as well, there seems to be a gigantic shift toward a new representation of reality. However, contemporary art bears a distinct difference from that of the 20 th century, primarily because of the tools chosen by artists as the means of expressing themselves. The specified tendencies can be observed in a range of art domains, yet nowhere is it as graphic as in installation. Particularly, in contrast to the installation art of the previous century, the current one incorporates the primary principles of globalisation and multiculturalism by inviting more people to participate and hiring professional performers that could help an artist represent a particular idea in the required manner. Thus, the principles of collaboration and participation can be deemed as the elements that draw a line between the two eras of installation as an art form. A closer look at some of the specimens of installation of the 20 th century will reveal that it relied primarily on the material as the means of getting a specific message across to as many members of the audience as possible. When considering the reasons for the contemporary installation art to be more intrinsically participative than that of the 20 th century, one will have to admit that the phenomenon owes its existence to the recent technological breakthrough. Indeed, studies show that the information technologies that created prerequisites for the global community to emerge and communicate in the world network have played an essential role in making art accessible to literally every single member of the audience. As a result, the promotion of cooperation not only between artists worldwide but also between creators and their audiences was not only predictable but also inevitable (Lee, Kim & Lee 2014). Goals and Objectives Comparing the artistic installations of the 20 th and the 21 st centuries, as well as analysing the political, social, and economic factors that affected the change in the ways of artistic expression in the identified time slot is the primary goal of the paper. The research is also aimed at compa
Hassan- al –Banna and Yusuf-al –Qaradawi are among the most renowned Islamic scholars. The two are famous for their role in championing for the rights of Muslim during the 20 th century. As such, the two leaders are regarded as the fathers of contemporary Islamism. Banna was among the founders of the Muslim Brotherhood. By the year 1945, the group had millions of followers across the Arab world. On the other hand, Qaradawi was a student of Banna. After Bannas death in the year 1949, Qaradawi became very prominent. He has written over a hundred books focusing on Islam, politics, and the association between Muslims and non-Muslims. This article seeks to highlight on the solutions and suggestions offered by the two leaders in relation to the political crises that affected Muslims during the 20 th century. In his writings, Banna pointed out that Muslims could liberate their country from the political bonds if they adopted the way of Islam (Euben & Muhammad 57). He noted that the Muslim world had lost its freedom and sovereignty to the colonialists. He suggested that during his era political struggle had subsided. Banna asserted that there are only two ways, which people could orient their nations for a better course. People could adopt either the western way of life or the Islamic way of life. He believed that each of the two ways had disadvantages and advantages. According to him, the Islamic way was the only means Muslims could solve their political crises. He suggested that if nations were to orient along Islam path, several benefits were going to be realized. To him, Islamic way fosters sanctity and stability in the minds of the people. Through this, he believed that once people get oriented to the Islamic way of life they will take pride in their nationality and portray sincere patriotism. He further suggested that taking his proposed course could strengthen Islamic unity and end the political issues faced during the 20 th century. Banna urged the Islamic countries to unite. He suggested that united Arab countries could lead to a practical and vital deliberation on the issue of the departed caliphate. Equally, he also suggested that Islamic countries could reduce political issues if they end party rivalries in their countries. He urged them to channel their political forces into a single phalanx. He asserted that after ending party rivalries, countries should reform their laws to ensure that they conform to Islamic teachings. Throughout his arguments, he always blamed the west for corrupting the Arab youths. He believed that Arab Muslim were better off without the influence of the west. To him, the western way of life had made some Muslims to be selfish. Another reform postulated by Banna was that all Muslims nations should strengthen their armed forces. He suggested that renascent nations need strength. He belie
Introduction Understanding the perception and reaction to different situations is involving. A blend of different behaviours and personalities form a group. It is apparent that the behaviour or approach that one group adopt may not be the same as the approach of another despite existing in the same environment and doing the same thing. After several weeks of observation and participation in learning activities, I can now integrate different behaviour and perception of groups that exist in the same environment. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the psychodynamics and developmental processes that occur within the Peer Learning Group (PLG) and Large Learning Group (LLG) in relation to behaviour theories in the learning experience. Specifically, the paper explores the interaction of these processes in the formation and development of different group activities during the last seven weeks of class activities on leadership. In addition, the treatise offers personal reflection and contribution towards fulfilling the tasks assigned to these groups. Leadership experience After reviewing and understanding different theoretical explanations of the elements that interact during the group formation process, I discovered that the elements of dependency within conscious and unconscious tenets are directed towards a leader of a formal or informal group. Specifically, Tyson (1998) opined that the elements of dependency within conscious and unconscious tenets are critical towards understanding the perception of each member of the group on the environment, expectations, and possible challenges (Tayson, 1998). In fact, in the first interaction during the LLG formation process, little eye contact may be witnessed since person meeting for the first time may face difficulties in building instant affinity. This is what happened to me during our first meeting as a small group. However, I was elected as a leader of the group. I realized that everyone was looking up to me despite being as new as everyone else. They keenly listened to everything I uttered, and they were expectant of me to show them the direction. Despite the minimal and slow interrelation, it was apparent that the interaction between the group and I was prevalent in line with what the transactional analysis states (Devito, 2006). There were clear variances between the formation of my LLG and PLG due to different premeditated forces. For instance, unlike the LLG, my PLG formation was out of a conscious choice of locating the persons my mind perceived as being ideal teammates in fulfilling the primary task (Tyson, 2004). On the other hand, my LLG formation was influenced by the decision of different persons to pursue the same subject on leadership. This interaction informed my choice of group mates. Despite the conflict on time management, we got along since we were united by the same thought process (Payne, 1980). Basing on LPI assessment that I have undergone through during the group selection stage, the practice enabled me to develop
Christel, GM & Kang, KC 1992, ‘Issues in Requirements Elicitation’, Software Engineering Institute , Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Motivation. Christel, GM & Kang (1992) provide a short outline of the process of requirements elicitation and divide the problems of requirements elicitation into 3 groups from the point of view of the scope, understanding, and volatility. In addition, they provide a more detailed description of the basic elicitation techniques, e.g. Interviews, Team Approach, Use of Domain and Architectural Models (Christel & Kang 1992). Proposed Solution. The authors suggest the use of a number of methods for requirement elicitation instead of one specific technique They analyze the factors that influence the evaluation of the described methods, create a new system of methodology, and define its benefits, namely, the focus on problem areas of requirements elicitation that derive from the issue of scope, communication, and requirements volatility (Christel & Kang 1992). Evaluation of the Proposed Solution. Christel, GM & Kang (1992) proposed the system integrated of techniques, namely Fact-finding, Evaluation, Prioritization, and Integration which address to a wide range of the issues connected with the requirements elicitation (Christel & Kang 1992). Contributions. The system of integrated techniques suggested by Christel, GM & Kang (1992) took on the advantages of separate methods and helped to overcome the problem of poor requirements elicitation or unsatisfactory development of software projects. Directions for the Future Research. The paper laid the basis for a further requirements analysis process to understand better the problems of elicitation. Davey, B & Cope, C 2008, ‘Requirements Elicitation – What’s Missing?’ , Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology , vol. 5, Web. Motivation. The authors of the paper classify the problems connected with poor requirements elicitation resulting in the failure of numerous software projects. While some researchers think that the requirements are stable, Davey & Cope (2008) have the opposite opinion. They claim that the difficulties with the requirements elicitation occur because of the factor of communication between people as an essential part of the requirements elicitation. (Davey & Cope 2008) Proposed Solution. Davey & Cope (2008)The researchers analyzed a wide array of elicitation techniques, namely Observation, Unstructured Interviews, Structured Interviews, Protocol Analysis, Card Sorting, Laddering, Ethnographic methods and chose interviews to be the most suitable of them. Additionally, a number of theories were applied to prove that the poor requirements elicitation is closely connected with communication challenges. (Davey & Cope 2008) Evaluation of the Proposed Solution. Indeed, overcoming language difficulties increases conversational performance and the elicitation outcomes in a more constructive way to meet customer’s needs. Contributions. The researchers defined the interview as the best technique of requirements elicitation, suggested methods to improve conversation, and conduc
Databases are components of Information Systems that are used when the Information Systems have large amounts of a, especially when the interfaces in the Information System are interactive, and when users can access the system concurrently. The use of databases in such a scenario, therefore, ensures that information is available to users in real-time, and that system performance bottlenecks are minimized due to appropriate data management. There is a variety of databases from which an organization can choose. The choice of the database application depends on the volume of data that a particular Management Information System will be handling. For Management Information Systems handling large volumes, it is advisable to use heavy database applications like Microsoft SQL or Oracle. While for Management Information Systems that handle small volumes of data, light databases like MySQL are appropriate. This paper is an analysis of the database applications used in my school. In my school, we perform tasks that do not require the use of an Information System using the Microsoft Access database. These tasks include records of student information, student courses, and even their performance in Random Assessment Tests and Continuous Assessment Tests. With this database; MS Access, we can query the database for specific student information. For instance, if a teacher wants to know the details of the students who have failed their CATs, the database is queried to provide this information (“A Beginners’ Guide”, N.D.). With the database, we also generate reports to heads of departments containing specific information. For instance, the head of the Computer Science department may want to know the number of students who are taking databases and their names. This can be generated in the form of a report by Microsoft Access. In addition to Microsoft Access, the school uses JPAMS in preparing student grades, and their transcripts. This is actually what the school uses the database mainly for. The database is very instrumental in enabling the school to produce student transcripts in time. It also comes in handy for teachers who may want to check how certain students, or even classes, have been performing. The JAMS database is also used to capture student attendance so that it may be used in grading students, in case the school opts to implement that policy. The database is holistic in the se
With the advancement in medical care over late many years and a developing future, conversations and choices in regard to end-of-life issues have gotten progressively significant. In most nations, dynamic direct willful extermination is a taboo method of the hardship of the patients’ life, while its detached structure is regularly acknowledged. The immediate dynamic killing is a clinical demonstration coordinated to the hardship of life, while a doctor helped self-destruction is a demonstration of the doctor where he gives the patient a medicament for taking life (Santoro & Bennett, 2018). There have been numerous conversations in the United States and the United Kingdom, finished in 1906, when Ohio endeavored to pass a law to authorize euthanasia (Keown, 2018). Developments to the authorization of the Active Direct Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS) have denoted the most recent couple of many years, lawmakers across the world effectively decriminalize PAS as a milder type of the hardship of life. Willful termination is lawful in some European nations. In a large portion of the world, assisted suicide is viewed as a criminal act (Keown, 2018). In the USA, a couple of states have perceived dynamic killing as legitimate (Keown, 2018). Be that as it may, inactive willful extermination is viewed as lawful in all USA purviews as it does not include a demonstration of slaughtering somebody. Rather one is allowing somebody to bite the dust all alone normally. In the best situation, 97% of everything agony can be managed, yet 3% of agonies remain, and that can be deplorable and cannot be controlled (Santoro & Bennett, 2018). Only one of the numerous instances of nonsensicalness of the perception of killing as a corrupt strategy. Basically, the interests and the desire of the patient ought to be over the desires of specialists and even officials. Self-rule of the will is the premise of respect for human instinct.
The Sequential Flow of Visual Information There are three processes involved in the sensory function of the eyes: the mechanical process, the chemical process, and the electrical process. The mechanical process starts as the stimuli (light) passes through the cornea and the pupil than to the lens. Then the cornea’s shape focuses the incoming stimuli slightly before it enters the lens, or it is refracted. After which, the iris now can shrink the pupil (when the stimuli are the bright light, it lets in less light), or expand the pupil (when stimuli are dim light, it lets in more light). When the light passes through the lens, it is bent and focuses on the photoreceptors. Then the ciliary muscles and ligaments cause the lens to change in shape, letting the lens focus light from both distant and nearby objects onto the retina (accommodation). The chemical process starts as the photoreceptors receive the light and convert it to electrical signals. The cones, which are active in bright light conditions, detect and interpret colors, pick up small changes (also known as visual acuity) such as threading a needle, and then the photoreceptors pick up these signals coming from the center of the visual field. The rods, which are active in dim conditions, pick up small bits of light from here and there and are also used for peripheral vision (Protect-your-eyesight). The electrical process starts as photoreceptors convert the light into electrical signals. The nerve cells, which sit on top of the rods and cones, pick up the signals and carry them to the optic nerve. The optic nerve now takes the signals to the visual cortex where the brain reinterprets the signals as what you are seeing (Protect-your-eyesight). The brain acts further as the visual impulse is converted to memory that specifically happens in the occipital lobe of the brain, where visual information is processed (Cohen and Taylor, 2005). The Sequential Flow of Motor Information The cerebral cortex is the structure in the brain that has 4 lobes, the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. Its main function is associated with the actual information processing in the brain. It sends impulses to the cerebellum and basal ganglia via pons, and then these structures also send back the information to the cerebral
Nurse practitioners (NPs) possess numerous ideas, competencies, and skills that can guide them to offer high-quality care in their respective fields. They should also identify emerging issues in this profession in order to meet their patients’ needs. The discussion below examines how they can use their leadership philosophies to implement change, overcome challenges to ethical decision-making, and focus on the existing standards of practice. Implications of Change on Nurse Leadership Nursing leadership is a field that theorists, scholars, and professionals take seriously since it influences the quality of health services available to patients. Individuals and practitioners who possess adequate managerial competencies will impart desirable skills, behaviors, and values to their followers. Such professionals can identify various theories and models and apply in their respective fields. Whenever planning to deliver exemplary medical services, there is a need for those in leadership positions to implement change successfully. This means that the process should become part of their managerial philosophies. The use of appropriate change frameworks can result in high-quality medical services (Kaiser, 2017). Those who ignore this idea will be unable to achieve their leadership aims. Nurse leaders (NLs) have a responsibility to mentor, guide, and empower others in order to deliver positive results. Unfortunately, some care delivery models require better cultural practices, behaviors, health technologies, and values. These attributes tend to change with emerging ideas and evidence. It would, therefore, be appropriate for NLs to introduce such practices or initiatives using powerful change models. They should go further to apply their competencies in an attempt to minimize chances of resistance. Xu (2017) indicates that the concept of change is a powerful tool that leaders in nursing can consider to improve existing processes and empower their followers to deliver exemplary medical services. This understanding should encourage those in managerial positions to engage in lifelong learning and acquire superior concepts for implementing and sustaining organizational change. Such a practice will make their respective institutions, units, or departments successful. MSN Graduate Nurse and Leadership The graduate (MSN) nurse is equipped with competencies and skills that resonate with the duties of the profession. One of the key areas that these practitioners should consider is that of leadership. From a managerial perspective, these professionals complete various tasks and duties that are aimed at maximizing the health outcomes of the targeted patients (Kaiser, 2017). Firstly, they design, evaluate, and monitor the delivery of health services to different families or groups. Secondly, they use their philosophies to guide and mentor their followers and teammates. Licensed professionals can operate and provide health services independently (Kaiser, 2017). Thirdly, they will use emerging eviden
Introduction Data collection is one of the most important aspects of research that requires a lot of effort and accuracy. There are a number of ways through which data can be collected and recorded from the field. For a long time, questionnaires have been very popular. They have been used as a way of gathering and recording data from the field. However, technology has brought in better tools that can perform this task better. Blaxter (91) says that that emerging technologies have redefined the way data is recorded. New gadgets have been invented that have the capacity to record and store very large amounts of data. Recording spoken data has therefore become very popular in the current research, especially in linguistics. Many researchers have found that recording spoken data is the most convenient way of maintaining originality in the primary data collected. In linguistics, it is possible that at times the respondent will not be in a position to respond to the questions in the desired language. When such spoken data is to be recorded in a written form, it would force a researcher to translate the information into the desired language. The danger of this translation is that the data may lose its original meaning. There is a possibility that in the process of translating this data, a word or a phrase may be distorted hence rendering the whole data inaccurate. When such data is recorded in its spoken form, it would maintain its coherence and this would help validate the final report. Moreover, when data is recorded in a spoken form, the researcher is able to draw more information by analyzing the tone of the respondent. The researcher would be in a position to discern such features as sarcasm in the voice hence control bias in the research. Cohen (126) says that unlike the written form, recording spoken data provides a rich source for the analysis process, because besides the message it carries, the researcher is able to analyze the respondents and determine the suitability of the response given. Increasing Relevance of Recording Spoken Data Research has proven to be the key to solving most of the issue that bedevil our society. Many scholars have set forth to research on various issues with a view to coming up with solution to various issues. In this path, researchers have raised many concerns that hinder the process of gathering data. One of the main concerns that have been raised is that some of the researchers are blind. These are individuals with the ability to conduct a meaningful research, but because they lack the sight, which is very vital in every single activity of human being, they find that it is practically impossible to conduct a research. Emergence of tools li