Introduction The debate on exploration and utilization of nuclear material revolves around safety concerns, especially on what it portends to humans, plants, animals and the environment upon exposure to radioactive elements. Proponents as well as opponents are sharply divided on socioeconomic as well as environmental sustainability and suitability of nuclear programs. Ironically, both sides of this debate agree that nuclear programs create significant safety risks to users as well as to the natural environment. However, proponents argue that opposing the utilization of nuclear materials is shortsighted since this is an act of utility. There are numerous benefits not only to countries that invest in nuclear programs but also to the entire global community. For instance the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA argues that establishing nuclear programs requires massive funding. However these costs can be recouped on the long term from money saved from foregoing other expensive sources of energy. Additionally, proponents argue that nuclear programs have long term socioeconomic and environmental benefits since nuclear energy reduces greenhouse emissions. As such, these programs are in support of global initiatives towards the reduction of greenhouse emissions. Additionally, IAEA argues that nuclear power is relatively cheaper compared to other sources of energy. Thus, in nuclear programs, countries have access to cheaper and sustainable sources of energy, which enhances economic growth and development (International Energy Agency 4 to 8). While the hotly contested debate on the usability, viability and sustainability of nuclear programs ranges on, industry players tend to agree with IAEA. This has resulted to a series of agreements, popularly referred to as Nuclear Cooperation Agreements NCAs, being signed to facilitate sharing of knowledge on the utilization of nuclear resources to promote peaceful coexistence among nation as well as social economic development. These agreements, proposed by The US President Dwight Eisenhower while addressing theUN General Assembly in 1953, ushered in the atomic age. These treaties are aimed at promoting the use of nuclear materials for the attainment of global peace, social economic prosperity of nations as well as for environmental sustainability (Fuhrmann 7). The International Energy Agency claims that the use of nuclear power dropped by about 1.8% towards the year 2010 (International Energy Agency 5 to 6). Regardless of this, Fuhrmann argues that there is a significant increase in the number of NCAs signed over the same period (8). For instance, France is among the states that have signed numerous NCAs with countries such as Libya and UAE, to produce nuclear power. Such agreements are intended to mitigate the effects of energy shortages resulting from the increase in prices of crude oil. Additionally, these countries intend to use NCA programs as measures to curb global warming (Fuhrmann 7). NCAs are designed to promote peaceful cooperation in sharing nuclear resources. However, there are concerns that NCAs leads to proliferation of nuclear weapons. Opponents of NCAs argue that proliferation of nuclear weapons emanates from the dema