ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Haiku is often regarded as the essence of Japanese culture. In fact, there are powerful Zen Buddhism influences, and haiku is closely linked with haiga graphics, ikebana, and tea ceremony. It has always existed as a part of the world, where verses are regarded as the united and complex stream of meditation. However, regardless of the integral nature of haiku for Japanese culture, the history and origins of its appearing are interesting enough Reasons and Philosophy of Haiku Appearing The meditative nature of haiku verses is closely linked with the essence and significance of insight, as well as the ability to see something non-ordinary i9n everyday things and events. The search for insight has led to the creation of traditions associated with poetic journeys. The constant change of impressions, which is natural and inevitable in travel, is a perfect background for seeing, feeling, and expressing something new in the verses. Yasunari Kawabata (in Yasuda, 412 )claims that haiku words are the same, but life is unstoppable, therefore, the same words can not be the same words. The same word is not able to sound twice, as the same river is unable to wash your feet, as the same spring will never be able to come. Otherwise, the verses would not satisfy the demanding taste of the readers of numerous generations, and would not excite the hearts of our contemporaries. Considering the history of Japanese poetry, haiku is the instance of democratization of literary norms, as literary traditions experienced the serious burden of the rules and traditions inherited from heroic and court epos. Therefore, this may be helpful for explaining and understanding the historical backgrounds of haiku appearing. The Edo period is featured with the extensive development of literary movements, as well as with the development of naturalism in painting and writing. These were the clear descriptions of the events, which should strictly answer three questions of where what, and when in 17 syllables. However, there are numerous violations of the classic 5-7-5 scheme, as well as the model of the verse, associated with where, what, when questions. The natural images, described on the pages of Cunningham (534), emphasize the necessity to simplify the images for improving the perception level. Considering the fact that artists used mainly gentle colors, it should be emphasized that the actual importance of naturalness and simplicity is the key point of Japanese philosophy. Additionally, this was the necessity to get closer to nature, the world, and the universe, as “the world expresses itself through a man, that is called to transfer its soundless voice. A man – intermediate between heaven and earth is the sound of the things. Haiku, as the representation of Japanese society, may be regarded as the model of world perception: the strict form is open for the widest ever perception and interpretation. It is simple, and complex simultaneously, as the actual necessity of simplified world perception is explained by the importance of avoiding complications in communication and interaction with the world. Conclusion Consi
Introduction The novel Petrolio is one of the most impressive and outstanding works of Pasolini depicting the life of homosexuals and the underclass in Italy. This work was not finished by it creates a complex and concise description of society, power, and the role of sexual desires in the life of citizens and the state. The events of the novel take place in the 1950s, in postwar Italy. Carlo Valletti, the main character of the novel, belongs to a liberal family but he suffers from a split personality disorder. Pasolini creates a unique world of dissolution, dissociation, and gay identity through the double identity of the main character and his perception of reality. Main body The book depicts that rules for sexual behavior in this society would be somewhat more flexible, being a matter of individual pleasure, not proper behavior. Individuals would even be encouraged not to worry about little things, based on the fact that everyone eventually dies by some means in any case In short, anything goes (as long as no pregnancies are involved), and the religious tradition of associating guilt with sexuality would be abolished once and for all. Though individuals could worship however they liked in private, religion itself would not officially exist, its other-worldly emphasis being presumably unnecessary in a society where paradise has already been established on earth. Pasolini explains: Carlo is my father’s name. I choose it for the protagonist of this novel for an illogical reason: in fact, between my father and this ’split’ engineer technician whose story I am preparing to tell there is no possible comparison: my father was an Army officer whose adulthood coincided with the Fascist period and who was an adherent to Fascism (Pasolini 1997, p. 20). In the novel, the sense of disillusion and dissolution is created with the help of the underclass description and life grievances experienced by the main character. This “culture” is achieved by a radical melting-pot ideology through which planned miscegenation gradually erases all gender differences among individual citizens. Moreover, absolute cultural values are not established and maintained. In addition, Pasolini’s presentation of her reality is complicated by several other features, including detailed descriptions of past life, a life that the main character involves rather unfortunate encounters with ideologies like Nazism. Meanwhile, Carlo’s story is revealed through his self-description and representation of his views. Carlo desires to possess and to be possessed. The book depicts that Carlo I tries to isolate themself from his past and reject his bourg
The ability to transmit non-verbal communication by adjusting the position of the body has been explored in the essay. Also, cultural differences can be swiftly communicated through body language. According to the author, cultural differences usually exist within individual countries and also between the local and foreign countries. A case in point is the difference in physical and business intimacy between the Middle East and the American people. Personal space is highly respected or dignified in both cultures, even though individuals from both regions treat each other with a lot of suspicions. The difference in physical intimacy is also evident between males and females who reside within a common geographical space (Gardner 19). In most instances, females tend to be attracted more easily to males. The ordinary classroom environment has also witnessed the prevalence of cultural differences. It is interesting to mention that direct eye contact is even being taught in several American classrooms. Students are supposed to maintain direct eye contact with their teachers. The latter practice is considered to be a lack of respect for teachers in most Asian cultures. Breaking a direct eye contact may be considered as an insult by an American teacher. From the article, it can be concluded that the Japanese people do not use a lot of direct eye contact compared to typical Americans. Second, several North European cultures may find it more difficult to conjure at close range than the South Americans. Physical contact among the Saudis is more elaborate than it is the case with the Americans. Also, Americans tend to dislike the habit of walking side by side down the streets while holding hands. However, Saudi Arabians tend to admire the practice (Gardner 20). In general, a greater distance is maintained by the male than the female gender. Besides, direct and sustained eye contact is more common among women than men. In the case of the Americans, gestures are vastly used to pass non-verbal communication. However, sense perception is used by most Asian cultures to transmit communication and also comprehend the needs of other people. For an Asian to communicate effectively without talking, he or she may move as close as possible to the other person. Moreover, stopping dire
Exfoliation corrosion, also known as, lamellar or layer corrosion refers to intergranular corrosion that takes place in boundaries of aluminum grains especially in the fuselage empennage and wing parts of airplanes. Due to the procedures involved in rolling, the grain boundaries are arranged in a manner that they are directly opposite to the surface of the material. This type of corrosion is mostly found in zippers where an electrically shielding sealant is broken down hence allowing a galvanic action to occur between the different metals. In cases where fasteners are a major component of the corrosion process, then exfoliation extends in such a way that it is far from the fastener hole. In other cases, the surface protrudes outwards and the absence of telltale blisters, which can only be identified through constructive inspection methods, is quite rare (Davis, 2001). The products of corrosion, which build up in the grain margins, exert pressure amidst the grains and these results to a ‘leafing effect’. The extensive force of unsolvable products of corrosion tends to separate the grains leading to exfoliation corrosion. Extruded aluminum alloys with long and flattened grains are prone to damages caused by this phenomenon (Fontana, 1986). Dezincification corrosion Densification corrosion is a type of selective corrosion that occurs when zinc metal is percolated from its alloy and this leaves a weakened permeable fitting of copper. The phenomenon is very common in chlorinated water or in water containing large quantities of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The signs of densification corrosion include the presence of a white powdery coating of zinc oxide on the surface or color change of brass from yellow to red. Densification corrosion is detrimental especially when it makes a fitting weak and susceptible to failure and leakages. This type of corrosion is mostly found in brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. This is because brass as a metal is malleable and is easy to cast. When the alloy is composed of about 15% zinc, then this increases the risk of densification corrosion since zinc is highly reactive and its atoms are weakly bonded. Low amounts of copper in brass decrease the rate at which densification corrosion occurs (Garverick, 1994). Inhibitors of Exfoliation Corrosion and Dezincification corrosion Inhibitors of densification corrosion and densification corrosion are compounds that when mixed with gases or liquids, decrease the rate at which densification corrosion of the brass alloy occur. The efficiency of these inhibitors are depended on the composition of the fluids, amount of water and flow rate. In brass tubes, an alloy of arsenic brass is used to shield the tubes from external densification corrosion,
Introduction The growth and competitiveness of the real estate industry across the globe drive big market players to embrace technology and innovation in order to improve customer satisfaction and facilitate work processes. One of the technologies that show promising prospects but are not properly presented in the sector is virtual reality (VR). The effect of the presence in the virtual world is created through translating images to a head-mounted display with a screen in front of the eyes of an observer. Currently, VR technologies are applied in some industries, including military, commerce, health care, marketing, and entertainment (Mathew 2014). The perspectives of using virtual reality in the real estate industry are also significant, and Ray White Company will potentially benefit when applying VR technologies in the process of working with customers. Research Problem The problem to address with the help of applying VR in Ray White is that the company currently faces decreases in customers’ satisfaction with the organisation of the property search in Australia, resulting in their high spending, decreases in loyalty, and even choices of other companies. Customers’ negative experience is associated with a time- and resource-consuming process of looking at or inspecting houses and apartments. Ray White offers a wide range of options for rent and purchase, but because of the limited time resources, customers cannot view all of them. Distances between sites may be quite large, and apart from that, buyers-to-be like to take their time walking around the property to make sure that everything is up to their standards. Due to the fact that clients miss out on some of the options, potential buyers might feel neglected and not cared for. Customers have to do the property search in their free time, and it is easy to understand their frustration and dissatisfaction if they cannot find a good property right away. Furthermore, the problem is more critical for those customers who are not residents of Australia, and they need to spend additional time and resources waiting for their turn to inspect available houses. Additionally, the competitive advantage in the real estate industry of Australia significantly depends on customer loyalty and satisfaction. However, as recent statistics show, the residential property market in Australia is thriving, and this tendency is likely to stay for years to come for several reasons. First, Australia has one of the most urbanized populations in the world, with the share of people living in urban areas being at around 89.65% (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018). Moreover, the population growth rate of 1.6% surpasses those of other developed countries such as the United States (0.6%) and Canada (1.2%) (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018). From this perspective, Ray White needs to find an appropriate solution to the problem of decreases in customer satisfaction to attract
To gain an in-depth understanding of child development, one should consider several factors, including a child’s environment, physical and psychological needs, and motivations. Many development theories can help identify the level of a child’s progress. At the same time, this multitude of theories can pose a challenge for analysts as they may become confused with the variety of classifications available. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs seems to be the most relevant way of assessing child development. This theory is compared and contrasted to Gesell’s maturational theory and Skinner’s behaviorism approach to single out the most crucial elements of child development. Theories of Understanding Child Development Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as the Key Theory to Understanding Child Development Humanistic theory is highly relevant for understanding the basic principles of child development. This approach appeared as a response to the one-sided behaviorist view (Crain, 2014). Research indicates that multidimensional methods of analyzing child development are more favored by modern psychologists and educators (McDevitt, Jobes, Cochran, & Sheenan, 2010). One of the most prominent advocates of the humanistic theory was Maslow who introduced a hierarchy of human needs and motivations. Maslow identified the following levels of needs: physiological, safety, belongingness and love, self-esteem, and self-actualization (Crain, 2014). Once a level is reached, an individual works on the attainment of the next one. Thus, Maslow’s hierarchy is grounded in potentials, the most important of which is self-actualization (Medcalf, Hoffman, & Boatwright, 2013). In their analysis of Maslow’s motivational hierarchy, Taormina and Gao (2013) attempted to evaluate the satisfaction of human needs. They report that there are substantial positive interactions among the levels of this hierarchy. Specifically, the more satisfied one is with each lower-level need, the more accomplishments one will reach in the following higher-level need (Taormina & Gao, 2013). Moreover, their research found that life satisfaction, values, and family reinforcement have a beneficial impact on reaching all five needs. At the same time, anxiety was considered as harming the achievement of needs (Taormina & Gao, 2013). According to Maslow’s hierarchy, the basic needs are physiological, incorporating oxygen for breathing, food for eating, and water for drinking. These needs can be satisfied by almost every person (Medcaff et al., 2013). The second-level needs are concerned with safety, and they presuppose being secure and safe. According to Maslow, only after physiological and safety needs have been met, can one then turn towards higher purposes (Medcaff et al., 2013). On the next level, belongingness, there are such needs as love, acceptance, and affection. As Maslow stated, every person looks for others’ acceptance by offering and consuming affection and love. Upon fulfilling the first three levels, the person concentrates on esteem needs. Here, Maslow presupposed that an individual feels unworthy if he or she does not experience a sense of being respected by
Introduction Undeniably, film and TV are the most powerful means of cultural exposure in the world today. Cultural influence has been successfully transferred from one region of the world to the other through these two mediums. The Ireland film industry has grown over the years and currently it can be listed as one of the world’s fastest growing entertainment industry. The industry can now accommodate different scales of filming from experimental videos to large budget films. This tremendous growth has been as a result of the long history of the Irish theaters. The continuity of the Irish identity has been greatly passed through film work and theaters hence preserving the country’s rich pre-historic culture. This paper seeks to show that the goldfish film is both a loss and a gain to the Irish culture. Goldfish and the issues presented The history of goldfish is both a loss and a success in the representation of issues pertaining to the Irish filming industry. The movie shows how relationships can easily build and crumble. This creates a notion human relationships are not as important and valuable as the concretive mentality makes it. Some of the issues captured in the essays by Natalie Harrower and Martin McLoone include social concerns such as sexual preferences, political marginalization among other problems. As a result, it is therefore realistic to expect a multi-plural culture in Ireland. The film is based on the challenges faced in gay, lesbian, straight and bisexual relationships (Harrower par. 16). This movies hold s a very conflicting thought presenting human relationships as a goldfish memory. In context, one character, Tom has been used to draw the comparison of human memory to that of a goldfish (Harrower par. 9). A goldfish memory lasts only three minutes and this is the principle that the film theme is using to show how human sexual relationships should be approached. One of the setbacks that the two authors point out is that the random movement from one relationship to the next is inhuman. People cannot just relate without involving their emissions and anytime human emissions are evoked, there will be consequences. Goldfish as a gain in the Irish culture According to Na
The features of daily stock returns have been examined by Brown and Warner (16). The authors have also explored the impact of event study methodologies. In other words, data obtained from stock returns contain specific features that can assist stock analysts to measure the daily returns in stocks. Nonetheless, event studies should not be taken for granted especially when it comes to the analysis of daily data generated from the stock market. In the case whereby the daily data characteristics are not considered in the stock prices, it is usually necessary to employ procedures that are standard. In other words, the adopted procedures should be accepted across the board without a lot of difficulty. This implies that the daily data characteristics are not mandatory in the process of assessing the stock market prices. The daily excess returns may experience autocorrelation with transitions in their variance. If the latter relationship takes place as a result of an event that has been conditioned, it can be of great value to the stock market. Moreover, it is necessary to specify cross-sectional dependence tests bearing in mind that such tests are more powerful than those are related to potential dependence (Brown and Warner 15). From these discussions, it is evident that there are myriads of factors that should be accounted for when analyzing the movement of stock prices in the market. It is often anomalous to rely on a limited number of parameters and measurements when undertaking such analyses. In addition, it is important to note that there are tests and procedures that can be ignored because they are not mandatory in the outcome of the entire process. Reference Brown, Stephen and Jerold, Warner. “Using Daily Stock Returns: The Case of Event Studies”. Journal of Financial Economics 14 (1985): 3-31. Print.
Purpose To analyze what will happen if species of a population are split by an earthquake into two separate parts and are unable to communicate or breed with each other. Also, to predict what sort of changes will happen to each population according to the surrounding environment. Introduction Reproductive isolation pertains to the fact that in case a population of the same species is separated into two parts and they are not able to breed with one another, genetic makeup will change according to the specific conditions that are unique to each location of the group. Eventually, the whole population of specifies will develop traits that were non-existent before the separation (Losos & Ricklefs, 2009). Hypothesis/Predicted Outcome Inability to interbreed due to a naturally occurred separation within one type of species will lead to genetic mutations that are unique to each group. Methods In the first stage, the members of the same species are separated into two groups. Each group was observed to see what changes will occur due to the specific physical conditions of the environment. Genetic material was analyzed to determine any mutation that took place on a genetic level. Results/Outcome Since each group was suspected of different conditions, the same original species have evolved into two distinct types. Discussion/Analysis Due to the separation between two groups and the inability to breed with each other, the mechanical processes of the environment led to changes in the biological information of the species. This can be confirmed by the different types of species that exist in the world today, as it is possible to distinctively see environmental adjustments that the species acquired according to the surrounding physical features of the region. Reference Losos, J., & Ricklefs, R. (2009). The Theory of Island Biogeography Revisited . Woodstock, United States: Princeton University Press.
Introduction There are two philosophical books in Hinduism under the titles of “The Upanishads” and “The Bhagavad Gita”. These tractates are widely discussed by philosophers all over the world as they contain various controversial perceptions and descriptions of the nature of both human lives and their spiritual needs. The following paper will discuss the relationship between Atman and Brahman in “The Upanishads”, observe the tractate’s perspective regarding pantheism or panentheism, and explain differences between both higher and lower selves to prove that the teaching of the book is authentic and presents an original explanation of people’s nature. Complex Relationship Between Atman And Brahman How is the relationship between Atman and Brahman complex? To answer the given question, it would be proper to mention that the writing called “The Upanishads” identifies Brahman as a “Supreme Personality of Godhead”. 1 In turn, Atman is described as an “Individual spirit soul”. 2 The relation between the two terms is friendly as they c