ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Why do you believe genocide persists? The true cause of Sudanese recent genocide in Darfur region is the same as were the causes for other genocides, which have taken place in Africa, after this continent has been liberated of “white oppression” – the inability of local populations to adjust their behavior to socially-appropriate norms. When European explorers had set their foot in Africa for the first time, they found locals indulging in never-ending tribal warfare and cannibalizing each other, as their most natural preoccupation. However, after the brief period of law and order in Africa has ended, the status quo in African countries has been reestablished – these countries are now rapidly descending back into primeval savagery, despite the fact that many Western politicians continue to refer to these countries as “developing”. Sudan is one of the African countries that are being affected by the problem of overpopulation the most. This overpopulation has been caused by Sudanese Blacks’ preoccupation with making babies, despite the fact that they do not know even know how to farm the lands they claim to be theirs. Within a matter of last 20 years, the population of Sudanese Blacks had tripled and now it represents a particularly heavy demographic burden for this country. In its turn, Sudan’s government, which consists mostly of lighter-skinned representatives of country’s Arab community, could not come up with a better way of dealing with Blacks, then slaughtering them en masse . It is now being estimated that, ever since the beginning of Sudanese conflict in Darfur region in 2003, 450.000 Blacks have been killed, which in its turn, had prompted International Criminal Court (ICC) to demand the extradition of Sudan’s acting President Omar al-Bashir to Hague, in order for him to face the charges of genocide. In the case of Darfur what interventions if any would you recommend that the president take? It goes without saying that the practice of ethnic cleansing is morally repugnant, even if it is directed against Blacks, as it is the case in Sudan. Therefore, we would recommend Sudan’s President to consider more civilized methods of addressing Blacks’ existential inadequateness. For example, Sudanese government could begin popularizing the usage of contraceptives among its Black citizens, and if this policy would turn out as ineffective, the more resourceful methods of reducing their numbers could be utilized, such as subjecting Blacks to forced sterilization. Also, Black citizens could be issued with a smallpox infected blankets, as it had been practiced by American government in 19 th century towards country’s Native populations. It is understood, of course, that in order for proposed measures to have a practical effect, all White Christian missioners and
Financial managers play a dynamic role in an organization. As a matter of fact, the main duties of financial managers are to make decisions regarding investments and manage the financial portfolio. The decisions are not about which securities to hold but what business opportunities to pursue and finance (Van Horne & Wachowicz 2). The ethical issues in financial management fall into two main categories, which include ethical obligation or duties of financial managers of a corporation and ethical justification for organizing a corporation with shareholder’s control (Weaver & Weston 13). The former category is based on the decisions made by financial managers in fulfilling the financial function of a corporation. It involves the fiduciary duties of the financial managers to a corporation and its shareholders (Weaver & Weston 13). The financial manager’s ethics is based on widely accepted codes of conduct (Weaver & Weston 13). A financial manager must be trusted by the company’s stakeholders; he/she must conduct his/her duties with integrity and exercise fairness to all the stakeholders (Weaver & Weston 13). A reputation of integrity enables a financial manager to attract other employees to believe in the company’s vision and work towards implementing the company’s objectives (Weaver & Weston 13). Self interest by financial mangers usually leads to greed and selfishness. If this greed is left to dominate an individual’s thinking, it usually causes a disorder known as ‘accumulation-fever’. It, therefore, makes a financial manger start indulging in illegal deals at his/
Pneumonia is a severe condition that has to be treated immediately to avoid possible complications. Pletz, Rohde, Welte, Kolditz, and Ot (2016) state that it is an “infectious disease with the highest number of deaths worldwide” (p. 300). A nursing professional can help a patient deal with the condition by identifying a nursing diagnosis and providing further interventions. According to Gulanick and Myers (2014), the concept of nursing diagnosis reflects a patient’s response to an identified health issue. This paper aims to examine pneumonia from a nursing perspective and offer four possible interventions for the condition. Nursing diagnosis in the case of pneumonia would include aspects such as blocked airways and coughing. Additionally, a patient may cough, have a fever, and feel exhausted. Pertinent pathophysiology of pneumonia consists of se
Introduction Numerous factors make the city liveable. The choice of where to live varies from one individual to another and it can be influenced by different things. Many things can influence a person’s choice when it comes to the issue of settling down in a particular town. Weather, crime rate, transport system, and economic situation of immigrants are some of the factors that can collectively influence the decision of settling in a particular place. Migrating from one town or country to another is expensive therefore, an individual needs to plan adequately and consider a lot of factors before migrating. A lot of factors are collectively responsible for making a city liveable. A greater problem is the issue of sustainability. Housings agents focus mainly on attracting people to a city but a follow-up plan to ensure sustainability is usually absent. This essay will attempt to assess if Portland is indeed a liveable city if there is sustainability and lastly if the housing prices are high or low. Portland Portland is a liveable city. Its efforts towards development and the firm belief that it can be done is a right step in the right direction. The city does not only sound attractive but it also sounds impressive. The self-made city is currently trying to do everything properly that big cities failed to do. Global warming is real and every developed city in the world is presently trying to control emission. It is expected that Portland will turn out a better city if it learns from the mistakes of other cities. A lot of big cities lack sustainability. The reason behind the absence of sustainability is not far-fetched. To set and maintain a particular standard, a functional framework to ensure sustainability has to be in place. A developing city like Portland stands a better chance to build a liveable city and sustain it. Migration is usually high when a city has basic amenities like; good transport system, moderate housing cost, and good laws guiding the city. Importance of Social Diversity The issue of cultural or social diversity is a delicate one. People of different backgrounds, various ideologies, different moral principles, religions; etc., all come to live in a city as long as it offers the basic amenities of life. The variation in our respective backgrounds can either be a good or bad factor. A person who resides or lives in a city with people of diverse social backgrounds ought to be tolerant. Without tolerance, cosmopolitan habitation will be a mirage. The importance of living amongst people with diverse social backgrounds can never be overemphasized. However, like everything in life, this also has its consequences. But from an unbiased point of view, the importance outweighs the demerits. Price Everything has the right price. It is one thing to put a price to something but it is entirely another thing to put the right price to something. This is what I would advise the government in Portland and the respective agents to be mindful of. Pricing is a delicate issue and it is among the determinants of whether will be attracted to Portland or not. With the economic s
Getting into a new market is a very sensitive part of the business process. This is because, “producing a product or service and making it available to buyers requires building relationships not just with customers, but also with key suppliers and resellers in the company’s supply chain” (Armstrong & Kotler, 2011, p.338). This is why it is important for Kleinaci to consider carefully the options available for it to enter this new market. Distribution planning confirms the importance of location in marketing (Levinson et al., 2007). Designer products appeal to a niche market. The target market comprises of up-market clients who have the purchasing power and the status needs that predispose them to acquire designer clothing. These marketing of products do not use low pricing as a means of differentiation. In fact, the higher their comparative prices, the more attractive they are. What differentiates them is the brand appeal each product range has. There is need to consider the financial implications of entering a new market. It is an expensive affair. A wrong entry strategy may lead to irrecoverable losses. What is required of an entry strategy is effectiveness, and not expensiveness. There are four options for entering the market with a designer product. One of them is entering into an exclusive deal with an up-market department store. This will involve using their distribution chain and limiting all releases to their stores. The products will have a designated point within the stores, and will be cost effective. It will require a proper strategy to enable Kleinaci to cope with competition (Porter, 1991). The risk is that they may end up competing for attention for similar products. The next option is to establish a Kleinaci chain of boutiques as distribution points. This option is more expensive but it assures exclusivity. The third option is direct marketing strategy. This strategy works best for mass-marketed products. Going this route will increase the marketing budget and may make the products lose their prestigious image. The fourth option is franchising Kleinaci stores in various parts of the city. This option transfers the management needs for the brand to the franchise holders but it reduces the profit margin. For a new product offering, Kleinaci will have the best shot at getting into the market cost effectively by doing an exclusive deal with an up-market department store. This option has the least commitment in terms of financial outlay but requires an aggressive marketing campaign. The section or shelves dedicated to Kleinaci products will need to have very creative branding to eliminate the competition from all the other products in the store since “department stores carry a wide variety of product lines” (Armstrong &
Definition of Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) On September 21, 1996, President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) into law. This law has faced opposition on numerous occasions since its introduction because it authorizes unequal treatment of lawfully married same-sex couples. In essence, it discriminatingly deprives such couples over 1,100 protections entitled to legally married couples at the federal level (Peralta 1-9). Therefore, this law denies married same-sex couples many vital responsibilities and protections including immigration rights, tax benefits, retirement savings, social security benefits, veterans’ benefits and health insurance. Many people who opposed the law wanted Section 3 revoked because it did not allow the federal government to acknowledge same-sex unions even in situations where home states of such individuals acknowledged their unions (Freedom to Marry 3). Status of DOMA On June 26, 2013, the United States Supreme Court made a ruling that annulled Section 3 of the law because it contravenes the U.S constitution. The court made that landmark ruling in Windsor v. United States (Freedom to Marry 5). The decision made it possible for married same-sex couples to have access to the numerous protections entitled to legal marriages. Currently, several strategies are in place to overturn the law. This move is likely to prevent same-sex marriage intolerance. According to the Gay & Lesbian Alliance against Defamation (3-4), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against DOMA because it contravened the pledge of “equal protection” provided in the constitution. When Windsor lost her spouse, the government stipulated that she pay large sums of money in form of taxes. This move prompted her to file a case against the government. At the time, the federal government considered her marriage as unlawful. However, the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated DOMA. This means that the federal state now considers Windsor’s marriage legal. Effect of DOMA on Families The U.S. Supreme Court ruling on DOMA will have a significant effect on many families. The areas affected mainly relate to the various federal rights that facilitate essential marital benefits. The various benefits covered include social security, military family assistance, taxation, hospital visitation opportunities and health care benefits. The areas outlined above represent just a few of the many marital benefits that same-sex couples could not access before the annulment of Section 3. However, same-sex couples in
Introduction Ever since the conception of first airborne machines, it became obvious that planes are exceptionally dangerous to fly. First planes, although they were gliders, traveled at much greater speeds than cars or horses. This meant that to promote safety and proper conduct, pilots had to be exceptionally trained, much more so than drivers or riders. This remains true even now, as the profession of a pilot remains one of the most complicated and demanding in terms of knowledge and skill. Nowadays, pilots are responsible not only for their own lives but for the lives of hundreds of passengers as well. Flight simulators form the backbone of modern pilot training programs. They allow prospective pilots to get a feel for flying aircraft, without leaving the ground. Modern simulators are complex machines with fully integrated VR complexes and authentic controls meant to imitate a real plane. However, it was not always like that. Just a hundred years ago, pilots had to learn through trial and error, while relying on primitive contraptions made out of wood and steel, to imitate flight. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of flight simulators on pilot training programs as they evolved from primitive apparatuses to state-of-the-art machines employed nowadays. Before the First Simulators Soon after the appearance of the first gliders, it became obvious that pilots had to be extensively trained. The first “simulators” used for that reason were gliders themselves. They were either elevated or sometimes towed, to give the pilot a feel for the machine (Bodeen, 2011). This was not a very effective technique, however. Gliders were often damaged due to unpredictable wind conditions. The practice was eventually abandoned, as planes quickly advanced in complexity and construction. The addition of an engine helped solve the plane’s unpredictability and dependency on wind conditions but added its own set of challenges for the pilots. Subsequently, another way to train pilots involved using the machine under an instructor’s guidance. First, the trainees had to fly in the second seat to get a feel for the flight, and then learn to drive the plane on the ground, much like a car. Advanced training methods included making hops around the flight field – lifting the plane a few feet in the air, and then landing it carefully (Rosen, 2013). Only after all three stages are completed, the pilot was allowed to take the plane in the air. Before moving on to the first real simulators, let us analyze the pros and cons of the live training method. Naturally, flying a real plane significantly improved a pilot’s skill. It is something no simulator will ever be able to imitate
Introduction An organizational change could be either planned or unplanned. Planned change happens after leaders identify the need for transformations and organize a strategy to realize the change. Even if the planned change is anchored in a proactive and well-founded approach, it sometimes fails to occur in an organized manner. Instead, it may arise in a chaotic and disruptive style attributable to resistance to change by employees. Main body Unplanned changes often emanate from major, unexpected incidences in the organization. Such occurrences may encompass a manager unexpectedly leaving the organization, decreased quality of products and services leading to the loss of clients, and other unsettling situations (Oreg, Bartunek, Lee, & Do, 2018). Resistance to change denotes the practice of opposing transformations that affect the status quo in an organization (Shimoni, 2017). Workers resist change if it is undertaken poorly, transformation affects the mode of operation, they do not understand the need for modifications, or are not adequately involved. The best means of making sure that resistance does not occur is through effectively communicating the change process to employees and making them understand its necessity. Through clearly and comprehensively informing employees why change is occurring, the way in which it will affect their tasks, and what is anticipated of every one of them before, during, and after transformation, resistance to change is avoided as nothing will be left to question. The application of both informal and formal communication enables the executive to ensure that workers obtain all details concerning the change (Christensen, 2014). Conclusion Moreover, the management should use communication channels, for instance, electronic mail, face-to-face talks, conferences, and organizational intranets to inform all workers and stakeholders about the imminent change while taking their views and answering any posed questions. This has the benefit of leaving everyone satisfied or at least knowledgeable rather than hearing unfounded rumors about the intended modifications.
Introduction Dysmenorrhea (ICD-10: N94.6) This disease is observed in many women of different ages regardless of their age and sexual life (Kannan, Chapple, Miller, Claydon, & Baxter, 2015, p. 81) and is characterized by painful menses and discomfort in the area of the lower abdomen. It may have different symptoms including cramping pain, dull ache, and even fever. The patient is a 16-year-old female, who experienced her parents’ divorce, change of school, and place of living. Still, her stress is not the only reason for her problems with her periods. She has a fever (101 degrees), vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. Besides, she complains of her headache and myalgia. Her urine analysis shows the presence of scant microscopic blood (the result of her current menses). No glucose, WBCs, protein, or nitrites prove the absence of infection in the organism. Bacterial foodborne intoxication, unspecified (ICD-10: A05.9) This disease is defined as food poisoning, the result of eating some contaminated products that lead to the organism’s impossibility to control the presence of such food or drinks (Kirk et at., 2015, par. 3). Lily’s main symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, and fever (100-101 degrees). Though her vomiting stopped in two days, she continues suffering from pain in the lower abdomen and has flat with hyperactive bowel sounds throughout. Riley Primary Diagnosis Vomiting, unspecified (ICD-10: R11.10) This disorder is usually characterized by frequent ejecting of food or drinks in the stomach through the mouth and is defined as one of the possible reasons why patients lose their weight and have gastrointestinal tract problems (Hay, Levin, Deterding, & Abzurg, 2014, p. 85). It is one of the main reasons why parents are ready to address doctors and ask about the possible health problems of their children. The patient is a 24-month-old male, who had several episodes of vomiting during the last three days. Vomiting was also accompanied by diarrhea and fever (101 degrees). Riley’s behavior is lethargic during the exam. He also does not want to walk independently but prefers to stay in his mother’s hands. Diarrhea, unspecified (ICD-10: R19.7) This condition is characterized by frequent watery bowel movements and feces. The statistics show that about 2 million children younger than 5 years suffer from diarrhea three or even more times per year (Farthing et al., 2013, p. 15). Riley had several episodes of diarrhea during the last three days. He neither eats well nor plays a lot. He prefers to stay in his mother’s arms. Lily Differential Diagnosis Endometriosis
Introduction This paper aims to show how coffee industry in Brazil has been affected by the adoption of free trade agreements, in particular, MERCOSUR [1] . Furthermore, we need to discuss the challenges, connected with fair trade production of coffee and its differences from free trade production. Finally, it is necessary to examine those obstacles and opportunities, faced by people, who want to start a coffee production business in Brazil. MERCOSUR and its impact on coffee production industry. First of all, it should be noted that in 1991 such countries as Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncion. Its key objective was to facilitate free trade on the territory of these countries. This treaty resulted in the creation of a common market called MERCOSUR. This agreement contributed to the free movement of products and labor force. It goes without saying that this treaty has impacted virtually every industry, and coffee production was not the exception from this rule. We should point out that Brazilian farmers had to compete with their Argentinean counterparts, whose productivity level was much higher at that moment (Alimonda, p 38). Therefore, in order to survive in this sphere of business, one had to raise production level. Such approach is based on the expansion of the enterprise rather than improvement th