ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The book by E. P. Thompson The Making of the English Working Class represents a detailed observation of the English working class and its peculiarities. The author admits a significant role in the class formation. It is the way for designating and grouping people in accordance with their interests. It is the form of better conducting social processes. In fact, the author gives several definitions of the term “class”. In this respect, one should realize two main constituent parts of a class, namely: social and cultural peculiarity. Thus, the author notes his personal understanding of a class: “…we cannot understand class unless we see it as a social and cultural formation, arising from processes which can only be studied as they work themselves out over a considerable historical period” (Thompson 11). In this respect, it is necessary to make difference between, for instance, squires and laborers. On this basis, the relations of power and society form both unifying and contradicting variables. Taking into consideration the essence of the class structure of the society it is easy to make out the way in which power represents its forces. The author admits that English working men achieved their identity, as one of the ruling classes (Thompson 11). So this constituent is vital for the creation of power and its character as well. The article by Leith Mullings “Interrogating Racism: Toward an Antiracist Anthropology” is the way for talking about the concept of equality in social relations and in the formation of power. The thing is that racial problem is apparent for the contemporary world. It is the result of the historical development of nations and colonization, in particular. It gives rise to social conflicts today due to the facts of intolerance among individuals. Thus, racism, as the author thinks, is a dilemma solely for the USA, but for all countries. In fact, the race is the feature of social stimulation. Hence, it can be socially constructed (Mullings 669). In this respect, the author provides an outlook on the previous historical background on the contemporary evaluation of racism. Looking at the claims of most historians the author defines racism as following: “…it is inextricably bound with the historical emergence of nation-states; is frequently built on earlier conflicts, and, furthermore, emerges amid contestation” (Mullings 670). Thus, Leith Mullings considers the racial problem, as the additional stimulus for the creation of power relations in a state. The article “Racial Formation” by Michael Omi and Howard Winant describes the relation between race and policy in the state. It is a demonstration of how politics anticipate the racial problem in terms
A web browser is a piece of software that requests, decodes and then presents the files that constitute internet pages. “Without doubt Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Mozilla’s Firefox are by far the frequently used browsers, but there are most certainly at least 50 to 70 others that are readily available for public use, and nearly all of them have their loyal followers and supporters” (Ackoff, 1989, p. 3). On the other hand, two other main players in the web browser business are Google’s Chrome and Opera, which have superseded many versions. Different browsers give the impression to have diverse degrees of utility reliant on the materials to be gained access to and the use to be made of the material by the recipient. The progressive growth of the internet in the 1990s and 2000s shows that present browsers with small market stocks have increased their market share as compared to previous times. For example, 90% market segment in 1997 represented approximately 60 million users, but by the end the 2007 fiscal year, 9% market segment represented over 90 million users. (Bellinger, Durval & Mills, 2009, p.1) Microsoft’s Internet Explorer has gone through evolution since 1995 when it first appeared for use up to date. Mozilla which appeared in market much later as compared to Internet Explorer in 1998 also has evolved albeit at a faster rate. Apart from the two that are widely used, there is Opera and Phoenix which developed later, but their progress has not been so fast. Different web browsers are compatible to different operating system which in some way affects the processing speed of browsers. There are settings that can make different browsers (especially earlier versions) to be compatible with different Operating Systems (Ackoff, 1989). Mozilla’s Firefox and Microsoft’s Internet Explorer are more compatible with many both earlier and later versions of the Operating System while on the other hand Opera and Phoenix are not compatible with earlier versions since they do not have in-built settings of compatibility (Blair, 2011). Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox are the browsers that I often use. They are easy to access and their speed is relatively high. The news sites that I visit most are nation.co.ke and eaststandard.net since I like remaining updated with world events taking place in the news. These are news sites which have clear pictures. Using the above browsers is easy since they do not need authority to get access the sites (Prince, 2008). Microsoft’s Internet Explorer which is inbuilt in new laptops and computers further makes it affordable to more people since no expenses are
Introduction Much has been said about Jesus, about his humanity, and his divinity. The Bible has many books which are divided into the New and the Old Testaments. Christian doctrine says that the New does not replace the Old, but they point to the one and main objective – the salvation of mankind through Jesus Christ. Though this is rather debatable as far as the non-Christians are concerned, i.e. the Jewish and the Muslim doctrines, we can go far deeper into this line of thought, and see how non-Christians react to their line of reasoning. The Bible has been interpreted and translated some times and the only consistent thing that a Bible reader should do in regards to Jesus is not to read the Bible literally, Christians would say. They say the Bible points to many instances proving that Jesus is man and God at the same time. There are instances in the Bible citing the divinity and ‘manhood’ of Jesus. We will cite these instances and then examine how their counter-arguments by non-Christians fare. Moreover, these three religions – Christianity, Judaism, and Islam – trace their basic teachings to the Old Testament, regarding Abraham as the
Social Media Today It has been observed that one of the common ways in which we define our place in culture and among family and friends is by creating and consuming stories and images (Rettberg 2009). It is through approaches such as these that various behaviors such as taking pictures at an occasion have almost become synonymous with the event itself. The popular sequence that entails falling in love, then marriage and having children is one such cultural template (Rettberg 2009). Though a large amount of these cultural stereotypes do not match reality, it has been observed that as humans we consume and spread these fairy tales in songs, drama, Facebook profiles and YouTube videos (Rettberg 2009). In so doing we unconsciously respond to such cultural stereotypes whether the reason behind the adoption is conscious, unconscious and even if we reject them completely. Among the major factors that have helped build this trend is the increased reliance on cell phones and mobile technology (Lefebvre 2009). The increased use of the internet in this age group is seen in data that indicates 87% of adolescents aged between 12 and 17 reported using the internet (Pujazon & Park, 2010). Of this over half or 21 million teens reported using the internet daily which suggests its crucial role in their lives. The increased use of the internet by teens is important given that these teen years form a crucial part of the identity formation stage in an individual’s life (Pujazon & Park 2010). It has also been noted that for these social media sites to flourish there needs to be a sustained fundamental shift in human behavior is presently evident among teens (Dumenco 2009). It has been reported that between the ages of 14 and 16 individuals’ are mainly concerned with forming an attractive social identity. Based on this it has been observed that the internet provides these teens the opportunity to ‘try on’ varied personalities. This process has greatly benefitted from the Social networking websites that allow user to build profiles which may contain audio, video, photographs or even text (Pujazon & Park 2010). These social sites play a significant role in identity formation and are currently widely used in society. Though the use of social media has increased recently and access to such websites has been found to have both adverse and positive effects. It has been noted that social media provides a new venue for learning that is more exciting than traditional venues (Pujazon & Park 2010). Based on this fact the teens prefer tasks that involve the use of social media and are more attentive to instruction. In addition to that it has been observed that these sites also provide the visitors with an opportunity to learn how to interact and exercise self control. This comes about due to the fact that varied opinions will be aired in relation to any topic under discussion (Pujazon & Park 2010). These interactions are very useful at strengthening offline relationships and allow individuals who feel isolated opportunity to interact wi
Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country found in the Gulf region. Besides bordering Oman and Saudi Arabia, the country shares a maritime border with Iran. It is a key member and contributor to the MENA union that brings together Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa. In the recent years, the UAE’s presence in the MENA region and world has been emphasized, owing to the country’s growth in wealth. Much of this wealth is attributed to the oil and gas export. Since oil was discovered in the country in 1966, the UAE has become a major exporter of petroleum in the world. Each year, the UAE produces nearly 68 billion barrels of oil, most of which is exported to non-oil producing countries. Besides oil, the UAE controls large deposits of natural gas. As Dargin (2014) explains, the country is the sixth major producer of natural gas in the world. These vast resources grant the country huge influence on the international oil market and hence international politics. However, the UAE has not always been a wealthy nation. Prior to the discovery of oil and gas, the nation was mainly a subsistence economy, notwithstanding, the country was still engaged in trading with the outside world. Its strategic location at the gulf’s coast made it accessible, thus encouraging foreign trade. This factor would later prove useful in facilitating the export of oil and gas to other countries. According to Al‐Suwaidi (2011), the UAE’s prospects changed for the better in 1973 after the world oil prices experienced a sharp rise. This period was occasioned by the fact that oil was becoming an increasingly important resource. Industries such as automobile had begun expanding in size to the extent of causing the demand for oil to rise. With its rising wealth, the UAE government decided to modernize the country, as well as increase its presence in the MENA region. Today, the country’s powerful economy makes it a major shaper of policy in the region and across the world. An illustration of this position is the recent involvement of the UAE in the Egyptian crisis that led to the ousting of Hosni Mubarak. After Mubarak’s ouster, the Muslim Brotherhood took the reins of power to the disappointment of the UAE government. As such, the UAE took a key role in the defeat of the Muslim Brotherhood and the subsequent rise to power by Fatah al-Sisi. Research Objectives This research seeks to examine whether oil and other energy sources affect the UAE’s foreign policy and security. From the time oil was discovered in the country, its involvement in the world politics increased significantly. It has continued to do so over the last 40 years. As well, the country’s military has become stronger, a sign that the country is more secure relative to how it was in the past. The UAE is located in a conflict-prone region, which makes national security a constant cause for concern. Despite these developments happening only after oil and gas were discovered, little research has been conducted to demonstrate the correlation between these resources and the country’s increased influence at the regional level. The researcher seeks to explore the few availab
Executive Summary Culture refers to the expectations, experiences, values, beliefs, and norms that guide the actions of members of an organization or a nation. Culture determines organizational performance by influencing employees’ behavior. International mergers and acquisitions often fail because of cultural differences. Specifically, cultural differences hinder effective communication, control of employees, and developing shared objectives after a merger or acquisition. Thus, companies usually focus on cultural integration through cross-cultural communication and conducting cultural due diligence. Introduction Culture is an important element of every organization because it determines the way employees think, communicate, work, and make decisions. International companies face difficulties in establishing a unified organizational culture since their employees are from different cultural backgrounds. This report will discuss the significance of culture in the context of international mergers and acquisitions. It will discuss various national culture frameworks and the approaches used by companies to integrate their employees after a merger or acquisition. The methodology of the report will be based on a critical analysis of existing literature on organizational and national culture. Definition of Culture Culture refers to the “collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another” (Cameron and Quinn 13). In this context, the category may refer to organizations, nations, or ethnicities. This definition implies that members of a particular culture have a uniform and predictable pattern of behavior. Culture also refers to the complex whole that encompasses knowledge, beliefs, law, and capabilities that people acquire through their membership in the society. This definition implies that culture is not innate (Cameron and Quinn, 15). Thus, it can be acquired through learning. In the context of an organization, culture can be defined as the system of values, beliefs, art, and behaviors that sustain order, continuity, and commitment. According to this definition, culture can be perceived as the glue that holds the members of the organization together (Schein 23). National Culture Frameworks Hofstede’s Cultural Framework According to Hofstede’s framework, national cultures have four main dimensions. These include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity. Power distance indicates the “extent to which members of a society can accept the unequal distribution of power” (Cameron and Quinn 71). The level of power distance in a country or an organization depends on the members’ power values (Sc
Professional networking is a crucial commercial skill based on establishing relationships with other professionals within a particular occupation field. Networking directly lays the groundwork for graduate career development oneself. According to Moore (Employability networks, 2016), networking serves as the hidden job market, considering that meaningful relationships before launching a career can provide oneself with a valuable asset for the workplace in the future. Some of the most common networking examples include meetings in groups, alumni connections, and finding a mentor. However, in terms of modern technology-based society, I believe that social media is the leading networking vehicle for assisting in the recruitment process and job search. Creating essential networking connections might be vital to measuring and evaluating one’s career success. This is an important step in defining our starting point and knowing the aimed objectives (Moore, Career development and transition, 2016). Regarding social media’s role in building work relations, it reached a 160 percent increase in job demand, together with collaboration skills (Moore, Where are the current and future jobs, 2016). It is important to understand that relationships with other professionals might directly affect career advancement (Grant, 2016). A strong network enables a better position to learn about new career opportunities. The individual can network in both formal and informal settings, in real life, or due to online platforms. When using social media as a tool for successful networking, one should engage in group discussions, postwork-related information, and maintain an online connection with other users. To conclude, networking asset in business is a powerful resource for professional success as it provides us with access to opportunities we might not be able to find by ourselves. Reference List Grant, R. (2016) ‘The value of professional networking for career success.’ Southern New Hampshire University , Web. Moore, T. (2016) ‘Employability networks lecture’ [PowerPoint presentation]. Moore, T. (2016) ‘Career development and transition lecture’ [PowerPoint presentation]. Moore, T. (2016) ‘Where are the current and future jobs?’ [PowerPoint presentation].
Pathological Changes Symptoms presentation The patient I worked with during my clinical placement was a sixty-seven-year-old obese woman. She was admitted because of reduced mobility following a fall. She fell two weeks prior to admission and a CT confirmed a Right Neck of Femur Fracture (R NOF) and GAMMA NAIL 3/3. She had pain in the right hip and knee. She had type two diabetes mellitus with unstable Blood Sugars Levels of 1.7. She weighed 102 kg preoperative and 106 kg postoperative and her Basal Metabolic Index was 44.2. She was incontinent of urine and bowel and moved with a walking frame. Impact on the Patient Fracture is common in postmenopausal women because of an increase in bone resorption due to a decrease in estrogen levels (Cummings, 2002). Bone resorption increases its fragility and in case of a fall, it can easily fracture. This is the reason why the patient sustained a R NOF after the fall. A positive correlation exists between an increase in age and fractures of the hips (Buchwald et al., 2004). Old people suffering from diabetes are at risk of falling because of poor vision, gait disorders and dementia. The patient is likely to have fallen because of poor vision and gait problems. Poor vision is because of diabetic retinopathy while gait problem is due to being overweight. According to research done, Kee (2002) explains that reduced mobility predisposes a patient to obesity because the body utilizes less food than the patient consumes. This is the reason why the patient gained four kilograms after the operation. Type II diabetes is associated with obesity, nerves damage and decreased immunity, which predisposes a patient to incontinence of urine and bowel (Abbatecola, 2009). In obesity, the Pelvic Floor muscles weaken because of excessive weight. The damage of the nerves supplying the bladder and the bowel are common in type II diabetes. Decreased immunity predisposes the patient to urinary tract infection with subsequent incontinence. Nursing Care Needs Specific Care Needs The specific care of the client is the management of hypoglycemia. This is because hypoglycemia predisposes a patient to fall, fracture, pain and incontinence. The hypoglycemic patient can become fatigued, fall and get a fracture manifesting with pain (Drucqer, 2008). Scott (2005) explains that hypoglycemia is a cause of obesity because excess sugars are converted to fats. The excess fats exert pressure on the pelvic floor muscles and the patient presents with incontinence of urine and bowel (Satman, 2002). The management of hypoglycemia will decrease the chances of the patient falling, getting a fracture and having incontinence of urine and bowel. The assessment involved measuring blood sugar levels. The rationale was to determine the specific blood sugar levels so that the nurse could choose appropriate interventions. The patient had Blood Sugars Levels of 1.7. This means that she was hypoglycemic and she needed a glucose supply. The diagnosis was hypoglycemia related to poor intake as evidenced by low blood sugar levels of 1.7. The plan of care was
Introduction The history of massive athletic events is always accompanied by controversies, scandals, and political statements. Being the major event in the world of sports, the Olympic Games is one of the examples as multiple controversies of different levels of value follow each of the games. This essay will cover some of the controversies that happened during the Olympic Games in Berlin, Munich, Beijing, Mexico City, Moscow, and Los Angeles. Main body One of the most prominent controversies in the history of the Olympic games, the 1936 Berlin games, have been remembered by the general audience as the Nazi games. The time of the games coincided with the height of Adolf Hitler’s power and the dawn of Nazi Germany. Although the possibility of changing the location of the Olympics was discussed among the delegates, Hitler’s regime assured that the Jewish athletes would be able to compete despite the German anti-Semitic policies. As Wheeler pointed it, the Olympic games were supposed to be used by Hitler to demonstrate the Aryan domination of the world and promote Nazi propaganda (2). However, in the process of the Games, Hitler and other high-ranked Nazis were faced with disappointment as African American athlete Jesse Owens became the most successful athlete of the Games, earning four gold medals. The story is now perceived as one of the most dramatic outcomes in sports and media history. On the other hand, the Munich Olympic Games took place in 1972 and were remembered as one of the most tragic events in the Olympic Games History. Eight members of the Palestinian terrorist group Black September killed two Israeli athletes from the Olympic team, took them hostage, and killed the other nine team members. The Black September attack has been described as a moment that permanently shifted the dynamics of modern terrorism (Silke and Filippidou 214). Although there were significantly fewer people killed in the attack, the impact of the Munich massacre stands right next to the 9/11 attack. The tragedy emphasized the security issues in the Games in the lack of preparation from the authorities. Since the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, the security system of the Olympic Games has been improved, and nowadays security became a primary concern for multiple events of massive scale in the sports field. In several cases, there is more than one controversy occurring during the Olympic Games. For Example, the 2008 Olympic Games in China, Beijing, were marked by the delay of Olympic torch arrival. The delay was due to multiple attempts to extinguish the torch on its route in London and Paris by protesters who considered human rights issues in