ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The book, “Outliers”, discusses a variety of factors that influence unimaginable success in various fields by incorporating evidence of the achievements of individuals such as Bill Gates and Joseph Flom, and groups like the Beatles. The author, Malcolm Gladwell, examines the influence of different backgrounds on an individual’s intelligence and the ability to arrive at a rational decision. Malcolm places a lot of emphasis on the need for persistence and dedication when pursuing an objective by repeatedly stating, “Elite performers had totaled 10,000 hours of practice” in their occupation (Gladwell 38). The book highlights the fact that societal settings and notions greatly hamper the realization of the full potential of most people. Malcolm illustrates that people who achieve outstanding success often appear as rebellious and misfits in the context of the society’s perception of achievement. The author focuses on individuals whose level of success goes beyond the imagination of most people and challenges the reader to analyze the interplay of factors such as family, culture and friendships in influencing the achievements of successful people. Malcolm claims that successful people get opportunities and resources that are not available to other people, which give them an upper hand in realizing their dreams. An analysis of the history of the drone technology highlights the concept of the 10,000 Hour Rule considering that modern high-tech U
Introduction David Jones Limited unveiled its strategic plan in order to deal with various structural changes within the retail sector as well as existing macro-economic conditions. The company’s performance within various market segments as indicated on the annual report is largely dependent on their ability to assess the needs and preferences of targeted consumers. Such needs within the fashion industry can easily be met through market segmentation where the company is capable of attending to specific consumer needs (Keegan and Green, 2002). Creative Strategy In order to achieve EBIT of around 12%, David Jones requires changing its pricing strategy. In such a case penetration pricing method is appropriate since it works well in situations where an intensive distribution channel is utilized for the purposes of capturing target markets (Fill, 2005). In this case, David Jones should also consider the aspect of reducing expenses in the process of utilizing such channels. One of the factors leading to the increased expenditure is the increased number of employees currently working at the company. This can be eliminated through the utilization of improved technology currently present within the market. Such case requires the art of direct marketing through internet, social sites, email and company’s website which would provide necessary assistance (Prendergast et al., 2010). Additionally, trading on the loyalty of the customer base would be reinforced through the use of sales databases, customer information databases, inventory control databases and track product returns databases. These actionable databases as mentioned above would assist in the determination of potential customers which would easily facilitate purchase and delivery processes. On the same note, a multi-channel marketing system is preferable for the David Jones case, since consumers within the fashion apparel industry apply the use of variety sources for purchasing preferred products. Positioning strategy According to the annual report, David Jones limited is on track for launching the online shopping site. Due to the nature of such venture, they should review theoretical framework of knowledge and skill development, internet-related marketing programmes common within the international market and the position of social sites in sales and marketing industry (Fill, 2005). At the same time, relationship between effective marketing through Instagram and productivity is an essential factor for purposes of positioning the company within the global market (Fan and Miao, 2012). The company should incorporate similar processes as allowing the use of celebrities and third party endorsement figures in the process of reinforcing product brand images within the fashion industry (Wei and Lu, 2012). Although the global economy has not yet recouped to the pre-crisis era, there are positive signs that the implementation of Instagram and other social sites involving training and skills enhancement of employees can create confidence in customers towards David Jones products resulting into profitable gains (Kotler and Keller, 2007).
Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a significant crisis due to the fact that many people have suffered from the disease without getting proper support from clinical strategies applied. This is a disease which consumes the healthy body tissues that support life. Moreover, the disease affects the brain to the extent of the victim losing the larger part of his conscious mind. These facts were the major forces that led to the selection of the ailment as my crisis. I have encountered many individuals whose healthy states have been devastated by the ailment. It is well understood that MS can be intervened effectively and prevent consequences that relate much to the behavioral and psychological changes in a patient. Evidence from studies suggests that psychological intervention can greatly improve the health and reduce negative impacts of MS especially if the appropriate model is employed (Rigby, Thornton & Young, 2008). The crisis resulting from MS is a big challenge and a major concern for the welfare of the people. Very many families have been denied the pride of living with resourceful members. Likewise, the economy has lost significant people to the ailment as well as many contributors becoming a burden to the families they are supposed to support. Young and energetic workers have become economically dependent as a result of the disease. Every state has been looking for ways to prevent these great losses. As a matter of fact, the society perceives the ailment as one of the economic challenges that must be resolved regardless of the cost incurred as people with the disease are more likely to be unemployed. The crisis is therefore a major drawback towards the economic success of most people at family level. Young people have been affected most when compared to other members of the society. In particular, workers in jobs that demand physical input have been struck most by the disease. In addition, the rate at which the disease affects the global population keeps on increasing year after year. Other cases have either not been reported or not recorded suggesting that the number could even be higher. According to researches, the complexity of multiple sclerosis involves many aspects of health and in most cases includes management of the related issues (Kouzoupis, Paparrigopoulos, Soldatos & Papadimitriou, 2010). Therefore, it requires substantial insight and judgment pertaining to the appropriate intervention that can respond to the ever-changing needs of the victims. The aim of this paper is to investigate three crisis intervention models that can help MS victims to improve on their health. There will be a discussion on seven-stage model of crisis intervention, critical incident stress management (CISM) model of crisis intervention and psychological first aid (PFA) model. Moreover, the paper will compare and contrast the three crisis intervention models with special regards to their effectiveness on MS management. The paper will finally highlight some recommendations for further research on the application of these models. The seven-stage model of crisis intervention developed by Roberts (1990) consists of seven st
Sappho is a Greek poet, who lived on the island of Lebos in the seventh-sixth centuries B.C. (Reynolds 3). She composed lyric poetry. Unfortunately, only fragments of her poetry have survived (Williamson 1). The target of her affections described in the poetry was female (“Sappho circa 630 B.C.” par. 4). Careful study of the existing fragments of her poems helps to explore the intimate world of her poetry and determine its specific features. “Deathless Aphrodite of the Spangled Mind” This poem explores the theme of love and friendship. The poem is written in the form of appeal to Aphrodite, the ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality. The speaker praises the goddess, asks for her mercy and prays her to appear and comfort the suffering caused by love. The speaker appears to entreat Aphrodite before. It can be proved by such words presented in the poem: But come here if ever before you caught my voice far off and listening left your father’s golden house and came. (Sappho Feminist Writings 9) This episode proves the fact that the speaker has met Aphrodite before. The verbs used to describe the previous appearances of the goddess in front of the speakers are put in the past tense. That means that the speaker requested for the goddess’s mercy before, and she accomplished his request. The poem explores female desire, as Aphrodite appears to be the one who deals with the speaker’s love concerns. The speaker is a woman as the goddess clearly addresses Sappho. The speaker is longing for “heart longs to accomplish”. The poem can be considered exploring homoerotic friendship, as the object of the speaker’s love appears to be female. It can be proven by numerous usage of “she” during Aphrodite’s monologue: For if she flees, soon she will pursue. If she refuses gifts, rather will she give them. If she does not love, soon she will love even unwilling. (Sappho Feminist Writings 10) “He Seems to Me Equal to Gods” This poem is considered exploring both homosexual and heterosexual love. Though the hero of the poem is not clearly differentiated, the female hero appears to be the object of the speaker’s love. That means that the speaker describes her heterosexual love. In the same time, the object of her love appears to be involved in heterosexual relations with a man: “It seems to me that man is equal to the gods, that is, whoever sits opposite you” (Sappho Victorian Sappho 29). The speaker focuses on her emotional experience related to love relations. She desc
Introduction Managers have historically concentrated on the relation between rewards and behaviour with a view of explaining individual action. Compensation has been regarded as the motivation identified for motivating employees and the reward for the ineffectiveness of the job. Remuneration suitably plays an enormous task in most behavioural wage theory associated with the manufacturing procedure (Judge, 2009). In the new age, a large number of studies examining motivation (comprising wage as an aspect) has been carried out by organizational behaviour professionals and social scientists. Such streams of research, far from wage theories, have generated an enormous literature, both experiential and theoretical. The motivational literature not only supports but also discredits some aspects of the various behavioural wage theories. The first component of this paper provides a description of the four major behavioural wage theories. These theories are; need-fulfilment, expectancy, reinforcement, and justice theories. The second section of the paper explains how such theories might influence reward guidelines in contemporary organizations. The paper concludes by giving a summary of the key aspects discussed. Description In understanding what kinds of wage frameworks are most likely to be adequate and how the efficiency of such theories differs based on eventuality aspects like enterprise approach, socio-economic factors, competition, and staff features, there should be an excellent model, or framework. To examine repercussions, we should understand that effectiveness is an intricate idea that could comprise at least, costs, production, creativity, quality, monetary, and behavioural measures. Additionally, the comparative significance of such measures will differ across enterprises and organizational departments (Wong & Campion, 2007). At the basic degree of examination, models have been utilized in showing how wage strategies can be utilized in motivating, directing, and controlling staff behaviour. This section briefly describes four such frameworks utilized in motivating employees. Need-fulfilment theory Maslow (1954) emphasized that people’s major motivation is self-realization. Maslow generated a pecking order of needs whereby the purpose of mankind is to effectively attain the low-level needs of physical wants (i.e., food and water) and security (housing, safety from physiological damage) prior to attaining the higher-level needs of
Introduction I have chosen Nokia Corporation as the company to write about in this assignment. Nokia Corporation is based in Keilaniemi, Finland and is, by far, the largest manufacturer of mobile instruments in the world. There are other fields that the company is engaged in, such as multimedia and networking. Nokia Corporation has been in the telecommunications field since the last 50 odd years. But prior to venturing in the telecommunication field, Nokia had tried its luck in various sectors such as paper mill, rubber boots, car tyres, electricity, televisions etc. Presently, the company has its manufacturing facilities across the globe in various European and Asian countries. Nokia Corporation’s logo, ‘Connecting People’, is tantamount to its line of business. According to Datamonitor, Nokia “…employs about 129,355 people. The company recorded revenues of €42,446 million ($56,363.6 million) during the financial year ended December 2010 (FY2010), an increase of 3.6% over 2009” (Datamonitor, 2011). Nokia Corporation can be considered as the pioneer in mobile technology. “On July 1, 1991, Finnish Prime Minister Harri Holkeri makes the world’s first GSM call, using Nokia equipment. And in 1992, Nokia launches its first digital handheld GSM phone, the Nokia 1011” (Nokia). In order to have a better understanding about the company, it is always better to do a SWOT Analysis. SWOT Analysis of Nokia Corporation Strengths of Nokia Corporation   * Well equipped research and development department.   * World’s first GSM call was made from a Nokia instrument.   * Largest manufacturer of mobile phones with manufacturing facilities in not less than 15 countries worldwide.   * Largest marketing network.   * Follows the ‘Diverse Workforce Management’ policy.   * Nokia products are marketed in not less than 160 countries worldwide.   * Nokia has a strong financial base.   * Better re-sale value as compared to other brands. Weaknesses of Nokia Corporation   * Profits of the company dropped by almost 40% in the year 2010.   * In spite of global presence, Nokia Corporation does not have specific presence in the United States of America.   * The same is the case in Japan though the reason is greater competition from local brands such as Panasonic, Sharp etc.   * In India Nokia has an appreciable presence but the after sales service is not up to the mark.   * Some of Nokia’s products are not compatible with the available software.   * Pricewise, Nokia mobiles are costly as compared to Chinese mobiles. Opportunities of Nokia Corporation   * Nokia Corporation entered into a joint venture with Germany’s Siemens and as such now there are greater opportunities for the company to expand in the hitherto neglected European markets.   * Nokia has specific presence in the Asia Pacific region and it is encouraging that this particular market is one of the fastest growing ones.   * Nokia mobiles are stylish and colourful. This feature is liked by the younger generation.   * There is tremendous scope for Nokia in developing countries.   * There is an incessant growth in the telecommunication industry. Threats of Nokia Corporation   * Due to the launch of
Introduction The Victorian period is characterized by the paradox of a grand opening in society as well as a tremendous constraint. It is known as the time of change and social advances and the time of severe regard for the traditions. Under the reign of Queen Victoria, the Industrial Revolution came of age, blossomed, and brought sweeping change across the country and the world. Life switched from a base primarily dictated by the land one owned to a social structure based on commerce and manufacturing (Greenblatt, 2005). In this switch, people living in these changing times began to question the status quo creating a great deal of social upheaval. Social class structures started to break down, and women, too, began to question their allotted place in society. However, at the same time, these breaks from the traditions incited a response reaction in favor of more traditional social roles in other areas, such as the refutation of male sexual relationships to the extent that one could be sentenced to death for participating in the act of homosexuality. “The Victorian novel, with all of its emphasis on the realistic portrayal of social life, represented lots of Victorian issues in the stories of its characters.” (Greenblatt, 2005). Homosexuality as Frankenstein’s Theme During the above-mentioned period, writers such as Mary Shelley expressed a great deal of concern with these issues. An examination of Shelley’s novel Frankenstein demonstrates both the fear of and impossibility of suppressing homosexuality during this era. During this period in history, homosexuality advanced in awareness to a socially defined term as well as a practice punishable by law. Although laws against sodomy existed for centuries before the period in which Mary Shelley envisioned Frankenstein, none of these successfully attained perpetual statuses, and most were not developed with permanent status in mind (Harvey, 1978). Records show that while there no functioning laws against sodomy per se existed during Shelley’s writing of the novel, other laws applied against expressions of homosexuality and there a strong adverse public reaction against homosexuality occurred in the early 1800s. “In 1810, when thirty homosexuals were arrest
Religion is an efficacious element of society since it forms a basis for various systems of meaning, that are of great assistance to people in handling the reality of ultimate issues and questions. These systems of meaning are informative on ideas that concern movement, the body, physical activities, and sports. They also inform on people’s thoughts about the world, and influence social relationships and social life organization. Religion helps individuals to justify and define the relationship they have with God, or gods (Stark, 1999 cited in Coakley, 2004, p. 528). There are so many confusing and contradicting discussions regarding sports. Various similarities and differences have been pointed out by various scholars. This paper aims at giving insight into these similarities and differences, as well as on how Overman’s seven key virtues have been reflected in modern sports. Similarities Sports are
Introduction From September 2001 until September 2008, the United Arab Emirates has utilized its state-run capitalist economic model (i.e. the Dubai Model) as a means of developing itself into a trading and tourism hub. The U.A.E has enjoyed significant rewards in terms of increased trade, tourism and infrastructure development over the past decade as seen in its 1000% percent increase in tourism, 120% increase in infrastructure development and a tripling of its 2004 GDP from $124 billion to $360 by 2012 (with Dubai and Abu Dhabi reaping a majority of the “reward”). The primary critique of the Dubai model for growth and development is that it has focused on utilizing property development as a means of measuring the growth and success of the region instead of the development of other sectors of its economy. However, the 2008 financial crisis and the resulting economic downturn led to the delay or cancellation of an estimated $364 billion worth of projects in the UAE, almost all of which were in construction (Hassan, 2012). Government intervention from the central bank in the form of financial stimulus (i.e. $100 billion in stimulus money) has been made available in order to counter the economic downturn and there are no major concerns about financing ongoing big projects (i.e. major construction and development projects such as the Narshada eco development project), however the increasing cost of borrowing due to lackluster global economic performance has had a negative impact on the creation of new construction and landscape development projects (ex: the World Islands) which has been one of major means of attracting international investors and businesses into the U.A.E (Hassan, 2012). Taking such factors into consideration, should the U.A.E continue its focus on developing itself into a trading and tourism hub, or diversify into other potential ventures given the current state of the global economic environment which has resulted in lower instances of tourism? Choosing tourism and trading as one of the main factors behind successful development was actually not a result of local market forces as seen in the case of the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand (i.e. the countries had beautiful natural locations that were prime areas for tourism and possessed a growing population base which was ideal for creating a more consumer oriented society), rather, it was a result of the plan advocated by Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the current Prime Minister and Vice President of the United Arab Emirates who helped to establish the Dubai model. Bains (2008) explains that Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum had a “vision” so to speak of how the U.A.E could be like and sought to establish policies to m
Introduction The 457-visa system is an immigration programme, which allows employers to source skilled labour from outside Australia. 457-visa allows skilled employees to work in Australia for a period of between one day to four years (Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 2004). The Appendix section shows the figures of people who migrated to Australia from 1996 to 2014. The skilled occupations that are allowed to outsource employees are documented in the Migration Regulations. However, over time, Domestic Workers’ Unions have expressed their displeasure with this arrangement. They view 457-visa as taking away jobs that belong to Australian citizens (ABC NEWS, 2016; McHugh, 2014). This paper will explore the benefits and risks associated with hiring skilled overseas workers. Additionally, the paper will suggest various methods of addressing the risks. Benefits To the Organisation According to McGrath-Champ, Rosewarne, and Ri