ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Interpersonal communication has always been a subject of thorough psychological analysis. Communication, itself is not only a means of conveying some information to the interlocutor it is a way to find out more about oneself. This particular aspect is probably the most important one because every human being must define oneself as a person. Psychologists believe that there are many ways to make the conversation or perhaps it would be better to say interpersonal communication, which is the key to harmonious relationships. It is believed that the so-called Lohari window can be of great avail for defining one’s personality through conversation. The very essence of this method or exercise consists of the following. a subject has to choose from fifty-five adjectives that characterize him as a person, these adjectives may correspond with his good or bad qualities. However, there is always the reverse side of the coin, other people, who know the subject also have to characterize him as a person. Then they have to compare and contrast their views. Such kind of experiment is hardly possible under “natural” circumstances. Lohari window in “Breakfast Club” However, the makers of the movie “Breakfast Club” eloquently describe this experiment, which practically takes place in the detention room. Five teenagers, who seemingly have nothing in common with each other are compelled to “sacrifice a whole Saturday” for their misconduct. The point is that at the very beginning of the movie, it seems to them that they will hardly talk to each other when their detention is, however, it happens to be just the opposite because the main characters of “Breakfast Club” become the best confidence and what is more important they happen to know each other and themselves much better. Naturally, we cannot say that what we observe in the film can be classified as the Lohari window; however, it resembles it to a certain degree. Relationships between the characters We can analyze the relationships between some of the main characters. It is of crucial importance how the perception of themselves and each other changes as the film progresses. For example, if we take such pairs as Claire Standish and John Bender. Initially, these two characters tend to be hostile to each other, however, as the film progresses their attitude towards each other evolves. Through conversation, they begin to self-disclose. At the very outset, Claire is a wealthy, popular and to a certain degree spoiled girl. It will not be a far-fetched conclusion to say she is not aware of that fact. This person takes for granted that other people dote or even worship her. Moreover, Claire thinks that every person has to serve her interests. The thing is that she is quite used to being treated like a “princess”. Regarding John Bender, we can say that he is mostly viewed as a criminal or offender. However, we cannot say that it is due to his malice or
Abstract IBM has a responsibility of taking care of the society; it has a corporate social responsibility (CSR) of ensuring it tries its best to improve education standards of the people who live in the areas it conducts business. There are various instances that encourage the company to uphold its social responsibility but other circumstances are meant to stop or discourage IBM from undertaking CSR. IBM is said to be one of the best sources of cash, equipments and manpower that enable nonprofit making organizations to make contributions to help the society. It provides computer and software used in spreading information to less fortunate individuals in the society. In addition, it also significantly contributes to education; the management of IBM is highly concerned about helping people use technology in order to improve their lives and the community (Brookfield, 2004, p. 204). Do you think that IBM has the responsibility to support adult education in the communities that it does business? Explain It is possible that IBM is in a capacity to promote adult education in the areas that it does business. This gives it the responsibility to take care of the society, it is important that it takes consideration of what the society wants. IBM believes technology innovations can revolutionize business and provide important breakthroughs in the management of various projects. The company is also committed to ensuring that other organizations involved with the administration of non-governmental organizations that address specific problems in the society are vetted (Albareda et al., 2006, p. 386). The company’s responsibility is notable in many places of the society since it has a number of projects that target the betterment of the lives of challenged persons in the society. IBM is currently working with KidSmart; a program running in at least 50 countries in the whole world. The project is meant to increase the efficiency of kids and hence the society. IBM has supplied close to fifty computers to all the teachers in their centers in the whole world. Such a commitment indicates that it can also handle adult education in the same manner (Dilon & Cintron, 2002, p. 94). The most effective strategy towards achieving this goal would have been increasing the capital base of the intellectual adults in the society. IBM can integrate technology into such a program, since it can create so
Introduction It is notable that just like artists, singers, painters, and sculptors get motivated with whatever they do; writers have myriad sources of inspiration that make them write (McKibben par 1). As far as it may seem rhetoric, there are numerous reasons why writers write. For instance, research has revealed that writing is a personal experience similar to any other activity. In other words, aesthetic enthusiasm is an important component that attempts to explain why writers write. The latter values the beauty that goes with writing since it brings out a lot of enthusiasm in the career and daily life of a writer. It is imperative to note that writers use writing as a tool for expressing their thoughts and deep sited opinions to other people (McKibben par 3). By so doing, they elicit deep feelings that are shared by both the writer and the target audience. Secondly, the needed to generate historical impulse is indeed a profound reason why writers engage in writing. Needless to say, writers address myriads of issues including theories, academic issues, and facts that touch on various experiences in life. For instance, in the article entitled “Why I Write” by George Orwell, the author explains certain aspects attached to his life ever since the time he was young (Orwell par 1). It is imperative to note that this article appears to be argumentative and political as well bearing in mind that the author attempts to explain different concerns about life. Also, writers do write to achieve political purpose through the various types of literary works which they produce. While the aforementioned are indeed profound reasons that explain why writers write, it is also worth to mention that sheer egoism is yet another driving force towards writing. Additionally, writing can also be used to define a theme. For instance, in the article entitled On Not Living Too Large: A place that makes sense by McKibben, the author has used the piece of writing to demonstrate the real implication of nature in life. It is against this backdrop that this paper explores some of the main reasons why writers write. These have been summarized in terms of aesthetic enthusiasm, political purpose, historical impulse, and to some extent, sheer egoism. Orwell, George. why I write. The author of this article is quite categorical on some of the reasons which have compelled him to engage in writing. From this article, it is apparent that the author desired to become a writer after growing up. However, he decided to drop this interest at the age of 17 years (Orwell par 1). This explains the sheer egoism which the writer had from the early
Introduction Nowadays, the issues of corporate governance and the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria are the subjects of debate. Corporate governance and ESG are some of the most critical indicators that determine not only the level of economic development of a country. They also have a significant impact on social and investment climates. The purpose of this essay is to consider corporate governance and the ESG metrics as two significant concepts from the perspective of business practices. Corporate Governance Definition What shareholders would like directors to do is to work to ensure that their objectives are met. However, directors have their purposes, and they may differ from what shareholders want. Corporate governance seeks to make directors behave in such a way so as to ensure shareholders’ objectives are met (Garcia-Torea, Fernandez-Feijoo & de la Cuesta, 2016). Corporate governance is a method by which a “firm is directed and controlled” (Chen, 2019, para. 1). It means that corporate governance implies the separation of ownership and control. It is a system of activities to regulate relations between business members, such as a board of directors, shareholders, a top management team, and others. Corporate Governance from the Historical Perspective The emergence and development of corporate governance reflect the patterns of evolution of the global economy. According to Morley (2016), from the Middle Ages till the first part of the 20 th century, corporate governance was expressed through “the common law trust” (p. 2146). The trust form allowed businesses to obtain
Federalism in the United States has been debated for a long time. There are many people who support the power of the federal government and its authority over states, and there are proponents of local or state government which will be more adequate in the community. A compromise has been reached by giving some power to both parties. Sometimes, the federal government is located too far from the issue, as to see what the best decision that must be made is. An example of local and national governmental conflict happened with the introduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park. The federal government understood that wolves must be reintroduced, as they were on an endangered list and the habitat of the National Park was the best suitable environment for their survival. People in the close-by residence and farms were not pleased with the danger that the wild animals posed and wanted to overpower the federal government. The end result showed that the federal government was using publicly owned land, which in the end, belonged to all citizens of the United States, thus the local state government had to make sure the wolves were contained and preserved. A similar example was seen with the national and states’ laws in regards to drunk driving. People of South Carolina and its senators did want to set a standard that was proposed by the federal government. It is unclear why such decision would not be approved, as the stand was strict and guaranteed more lives saved. Because the state government was refusing to accept the standard, the federal government warned about the cutoff of resources towards the highways. South Carolina was forced to change its laws with a compromise that trial will still apply and jury trial will be acceptable. The concept of federalism and the division of power has been around for some time. The constitution was one of the main determinants, as to the possibilities that each branch of government has. It was also oriented towards people and their local needs which allowed for compromises to be made. After the attacks on the World Trade centers, the security in charge of airports became the matter of the federal government. This change was made for several reasons that are all related to the ability to oversee threats. The federal government has much more centralized and a united system of surveillance and knowledge of the matters of national security. It is much easier to coordinate and set criteria equally for all states, so that there is a uniform and standard procedure that is followed throughout. The federal government also has more authority and resources to implement any changes and manipulate the policies that are set out. In contrast, people want to have own say in the matters, as they are much closer to the issues that are the happening in their state. From one perspective people want to have the authority to participate in the governance of their state, but at the same
Executive Summary Due to globalization in business environment, organizations are shifting to supply chain management in a bid to attain competitive advantage, with the need for customer-based approaches gaining popularity. In this case, companies are required and even forced by circumstances to initiate and implement the most effective strategies that will lead to customer satisfaction and growth. In this view, integration of supply and logistics components enables a company to align its goals more productively to its suppliers and customers’ needs. Trento is one company that is facing numerous challenges due to lack of an integrated logistics system. This has seen the company lose two of its clients, and possibilities of losing the third client are evident. To avert this situation that may not auger well to the company, it has been established that developing and implementing a successful integrated logistics system will save the company. Throughout this report, problems of Trento are established, discussed within the perspectives of supply chain management and subsequently the need of developing an integrated logistics systems evaluated. Benefits of the systems are outlined, which will contribute to better performance of Trento as a company if it adopts the developed integrated logistic system. Introduction The global business environment is changing at a fast rate, exerting pressure on different firms to remain dynamic both in operation and strategy. Part of this dynamism has been contributed by globalization, which is fast revolutionizing how business is conducted both locally and internationally (Power, 2005). Some of the areas experiencing profound changes as a result of these forces include logistics, supply, distribution and procurement of products and services. Today, organizations are under constant pressure to adopt the most efficient and effectively logistic, supply, and distribution systems that meet customers’ needs and demands, firms’ objectives and also business environmental challenges (Stock, Greis and Kasarda, 2000). It is anticipated that, as globalization continues to influence overall business and market environment, firms have no alternative but to adopt and implement supply and distribution management systems in order to compete more effectively (Power, 2005). Effective supply and distribution management system being advocated for should be integrative in nature, whereby, different parts of the firm are unified in a system that answers the needs of the organization in the most productive way (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2004). This report looks at the logistic, supply and distribution problems facing Trento, how effective they can be resolved through an efficient, integrated supply and distribution system and subsequently, advice its client Elle Sport Company whether to halt or continue its cooperation with the company. Background and Problem Identification Elle Sport, a sports and accessories retail firm in Australia cooperates with Trento a
In auditing firms, there is the need to control the conduct of activities and this brings the issue of coming up with the constitutional acts of the company. Such acts are the provision or the emergency of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (2002) or SOX. This act has caused great upheaval among most public companies and their independent accounts contrary to what it was expected to do. The act was supposed to help in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. However, there were some misunderstandings or misconceptions as to whether the company is effective in its objectives and its duties. There was a two-year inspection on the company and a group of samples was taken to indicate the type of companies that may be bringing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as being ineffective. To assess this, there are some factors that should be considered such as the data used, the audit fee, and the effect of the company size. These are important to know whether the firm is viable. (Bedard C J et al) Out of the companies that filed their audition in fiscal years 2004 and 2005, about 14.6% and 9.5% had reported material weaknesses in ICFR. This is a clear indication that the compliance of the company was somehow not of a good stand. There is the audit theory. Though it may be viewed as being very abstract, it largely believes or looks at the professional aspect of the business firms and companies. This indicates also that there is a possibility that the professionals that are working in an organization are not competent enough. We find that in the case of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. From the data from the audit analytics, it makes it look almost incompetent in their duties. This means that companies have to get into hiring outside auditors so that they can prove or have the best of the results from the audit. This adds an extra cost to the company expenses so that it can give the results as required by the SOX Act. (Bedard C J et al) This also goes with the size of the company and the audit fee. Those companies that are still very new would not give a very good material reporting weakness. This is attributed to the fact that they may be considered to lack a good resource to remediate material weakness, they may have started late and this may make it difficult to go by the balance sheet date or the company may decide that the remediation might be cost-ineffective. These companies may be pushed so hard by the SOX as it may require them to meet the section 404 compliance date and the author may not be aware of the research topics to address this topic. The Act is quite stressful to the companies especially the small companies as sometimes the audit fee is proportional to the extent of the company’s reporting material weakness. This means that those small companies will have to spend more on this as they have more reporting weaknesses. Also, auditors of these companies which are weak on these grounds charge audit fees due to increased work to reduce audit risk to target levels. Auditors’ fees vary with the risk derived from ICFR weakness. However, there are chances that
Introduction This paper examines the expected challenges of a virtual team, whose aim is to make economical shoes to be sold in Brazil. The challenges expected include: cultural differences, goal disagreements and communication problems. Other challenges are: technological differences, performance measurement and difference in work ethics. The paper highlights on how the mentioned challenges can be conquered too. In addition, it provides the comparison between the processes involved in making a virtual team and a team. A virtual team is a group of people in different regions working together to achieve a common purpose. On the other hand, a team is a group of individuals in the same region working together to achieve a common goal. Tuckmans model of team development emphasizes on the five stages of team development: forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning (Blair, 1979). These stages are more applicable to the formation of a team than to a virtual team. This is because members of a group can come together and discuss issues unlike members of a virtual team who have to use technology (Noble, 2002). According to the theories and models of team development, a team is formed systematically. In other words, the theories or models have specific stages in which a team has to go through. On the other hand, a virtual team has no definite method in its formation. It is formed on the basis of the pending need (Noble, 2002). Cultural differences People from different regions usually have different styles of working. This can be a big problem if these people have to work together to achieve a common goal. A team that works differently will never achieve its goals. According to Tuckman’s model, the first thing a team should do is to know each other. This falls under the forming stage where team members are supposed to interact with each other in a casual and relaxing way. In the process, the members will learn about each other’s style of work and conduct. Disagreements on the goals of the team According to the storming stage, (Tuckmans model) various dispute arises on the team’s objectives, vision and mission. Since the members have different levels of knowledge, conflicts are bound to arise. Disagreements have the potential of bringing the whole work to a halt. This stage is similar to conflicts stage in the Fisher’s model. To overcome this challenge, a leader should be clear on the company’s goals and ensure that none of the members deviates from them. Communication problems Despite of the fact that they all speak English, some are better than others. This may lead to misinterpretation and misunderstanding especially if there are no standard or specific communication techniques. Inability to communicate effectively may lead to failure of a virtual team (Noble, 2002). This challenge will be solved by training members on proper communication skills and techniques. Policies on virtual communication have to be established and well understood. Technological differences Working in a virtual team requires a standardized communication technology. The team will encounter challenges if they do not have standard modes of communicat