ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is undeniable that globalization describes the path that the world is taking technologically and economically. Nations all over the world have become intertwined in financial relationships that make them dependent on each other. Markets are becoming increasingly free with the global demand and supply for major technological and agricultural products. Since the end of cold war, all nations are increasingly adopting the capitalist economic system which encourages world trade. Technology, particularly information technology, has also played a great role in dissolving national barriers to create an increasingly uniform social system. All these aspects of the modern society constitute globalization. While some analysts consider globalization desirable, some people argue that this phenomenon is a slow drift of the world towards tyranny and domination by some privileged class. A global economic system and global information technologies dominated by economically superior nations are leading the world towards tyranny and domination. Analysts Alan Taylor and Maurice Obstefield argued that the apparent economic globalization is actually trade between rich countries while poor nations are sidelined (Friedman, 2008). Trade among countries in the north is fair since countries depend on each other enhancing their economic security. However, the nations in the south are sidelined and exploited for raw materials and labor. Thus, globalization has one set of countries exploiting another group of weaker countries. As this consolidation of economic power continues among rich countries, the economically weaker countries lose bargaining power for their contribution to the world economy. Thus, globalization is not as fair or uniform as it might seem (Friedman, 2008). Robert Lucas also analyzed the idea of capital and concluded that the apparent movement of capital from rich countries to poor countries is deceptive. The common perception is that the poor countries are benefitting from the investments made by rich countries (Friedman, 2008). However, the amount of returns the poor countries get from provision of labor, raw materials, and infrastructure to aid production by multinationals is much less that the benefit the rich countries get from the cheap labor and low overhead costs they have in developing countries. According to Lucas, the overall effect is that poor countries are exploited by rich countries. Much of the labor force in poor countries becomes dependent on the multinationals leading to tyranny by foreign countries. The multinationals act as representatives of their countries of origin and may coerce their host countries into any kind of agreements. In addition, the capital invested in developing countries is a small proportion
Introduction Gingivitis is a type of gum inflammation typically caused by plaque, which can result in periodontal disease. While Janus et al. (2017) found that chronic gingivitis is the most common oral infection, Zekonis et al. (2014) report that it causes an increase in white blood cells (WBC). As a result, this inflammation causes a strain on an individuals’ immune system, requiring professional treatment. The purpose of this review is to examine articles on gingivitis and its impact on the subsequent development of periodontal disease, which is the critical issue with ongoing gingivitis. The relevance to dental hygiene is the effect of prevention and potential danger for the alveolar bone. This paper aims to summarise three articles where the authors discuss the issue of ongoing gingivitis with periodontal disease, one of the articles is a research study. Summary, Discussion, and Evaluation Both gingivitis and periodontal disease are typically caused by the microbial plague. The article by Janus et al. (2016) suggests that plaque reduction is not easily achieved, and several strategies can be used for prevention, for example, erythritol. Gingivitis affects the gums, causing inflammation that can further result in periodontal disease if untreated. Janus et al. (2016) even note that patients risk losing their alveolar bone if they do not address this condition. The researchers tested biofilm growth with and without erythritol. The conclusions by Janus et al. (2017) suggest that the use of erythritol suppresses the ability of the biofilm to mature. As a result, it is possible that erythritol can be used for promoting oral hygiene, although more research is necessary since this study did not include any human participants. Ongoing gingivitis and periodontitis are successfully treated with several options available to the dentists. One example of a research study is an experiment by Igic et al. (2011) who examined the prevalence of ongoing gingivitis among adults, the number of periodontal disease cases, and two types of treatment. The type of study completed, variables tested were the effect of basic therapy and primary therapy in combination with low-level laser therapy, which was evaluated using “plaque-index (PI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI)” (Igic et al., 2011, p. 1911). The population in this study are adults, and the results show that both methods are useful in combating ongoing gingivitis and periodontal disease, however, laser therapy is a beneficial adjuvant. The authors of recent literature on ongoing gingivitis and periodontitis are most interested in the effect that this inflammation has on the body. Zekonis et al. (2014) studied the WBC in connection to gingivitis and periodontitis. The patients with this condition had a systemic increase in the WBC count. Zekonis et al. (2014) state that these inflammations caused by bacteria are dangerous because they strain the patient’s immune system. As a result, this study helps understand that the danger of gingivitis is not only in the risk of developing periodontal disease. It is also n
The essay critically discusses two documentary films – Searching for Sugar Man and Nanook of the North . The visual narratives of the films are analyzed in the essay from a critical distance. The movies are analyzed based on the site of image, site of production, and site of reception. The questions that are answered in the essay about the two movies are –  1. if the narrative scheme seamlessly merges with the image that we see in the film,  2. the role the writer, producer, or director played in making the film,  3. if the film was successfully accepted among viewers. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss the two movies from a critical distance. Sugar Man is a documentary about the search for a lost artist. The inconspicuous American folk-rock artist from the seventies, Sixto Rodriguez, was believed to have committed suicide during one of his concerts. The documentary opens with the story of unsuccessful career of Rodriguez in the US and his immense success in South Africa. The documentary was filmed from the point of view of two ardent followers of Rodriguez and musicologists from South Africa who took up the initiative to search for him. The narrative of the documentary is slow, and presents clues as is seen in case of detective novels or films. The documentary builds up suspense around the death of Rodriguez and the money that he might have earned as royalty from the record sales in South Africa. The documentary climaxes when the reporters find out that Rodriguez was actually alive and living in Debonair, Michigan, they fail to believe that the had come across the man they all believed to be dead (Norris 16). The documentary presents the search of two South Africans, Stephen Segerman and Craig Bartholomew-Strydom, since the 1970s for the obscure Detroit-based singer Sixto Rodriguez (Palmer 33). The only clues they had were the two records that Rodriguez had recorded in the 70s, Cold Fact and Coming from Reality . These two albums were little known in the US however, had made an immense market in South Africa. The appeal of the songs lay in their revolutionary appeal against suppression, injustice, and prejudice that made lasting impact on the young liberal South Africans. Rodriguez became more famous than Elvis and Rolling Stones in South Africa and his record sales were higher than the latter mentioned legends. However, Segerman and Bartholomew could find nothing about the singer and his life except for what was printed on his records. Rodriguez was rumored to be dead, possibly by committing suicide, mid-performance. The documentary narrates the search of Segerman and Bartholomew-Strydom for the roots of the legendary singer Rodriguez and their final revelation, that the singer was not dead. The documentary by Bendjelloul is shot in a clean, non-haphazard manner, narrating the stories of Bartholomew-Strydom and Segerman and the search for their rock icon. This obsessive pursuit by the pair provides a unique insight into the history
Introduction The issues related to the global market of corn stay one of the most essential among the global economic matters, as the corn market is closely related to the issues of global welfare, ethanol production, and lots of agricultural issues. To begin with, it is necessary to define the matters of prices. The existing price of corn is $3.23 per bushel, more than half yet again what it was a year ago, and starting bringing to mind the record $5.545 a bushel set a decade ago. There are lots of motives for this price gush. The ethanol boom has provided a jagged new requirement for corn. The Department of Agriculture amended its estimation of the 2006 corn crop downhill by some 200 million bushels due to weather and other features. There is also slighter corn storage on hand than always – the smallest in a decade – which equates to lacks around the world. Yet all this has occurred against the background of three record yields in a row, a sure signification of how solid the ethanol requirement for corn production is appearing to be. It’s coaxing to suppose that the impact of piercingly superior charges is detained principally to the farming sphere. But where corn is alarmed, we are all part of the farming sector. The traditional cheapness of corn has turned it into almost every component of the financial system, in the shape, most intimately, of corn syrup. The squat charge
Introduction In 2005, the United States was devastated by Hurricane Katrina. The hurricane is believed to be the most severe and destructive in the country’s history. Many deaths occurred in New Orleans and Louisiana due to flooding. In addition, levee systems which had been installed to control such catastrophes failed and the storm moved inland causing more deaths. Approximately 1,836 people died making it the most deadly in the United States since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. Economists estimated the damage caused by the hurricane to exceed $ 100 billion. Global warming is as a result of atmospheric pollution leading to increased atmospheric temperatures. Global warming develops slowly and it may take many years before its effects are felt. Before the occurrence of hurricane Katrina in 2005, the United States had been warned of its possibilities (Dyson 2006, p. 90). According to Al Gore, the officials from the United States were reluctant to deliberate on the issue of global warming; they actually failed to admit that global warming existed and instead they referred to the issue as the usu
Does neighborhood watch programs really work in ensuring that crimes are not committed in an area? The main objective of these neighborhood watch programs were intended for the involvement of the neighbors of a certain community help prevent the possibilities of crimes being committed in the area. The programs tend to be fruitful in ensuring that the incidences of crime are dealt with if the neighbors are corporative. The essay that follows intends to look at the effectiveness of neighborhood watch programs and the theories that support these programs. Since neighborhood crimes pose a danger to the safety and security of residential homes, it becomes necessary for people to device ways in which the crimes can be reduced so that they can live in a safe neighborhood. The essay will thus include a brief explanation of the design I intend to take while addressing the issue followed by a selection of a criminological theory that supports the watch programs. A neighborhood watch program most of the times consists of an inclusive set of packages that includes a neighborhood watch coupled with the presence of home security precautions and making boundaries to mark property. There are other modifications that could be made to ensure continued security such as the presence of recruitment drives that are conducted by special constables, an inclusion of foot work patrols by the polices and some times the residents themselves. Educating youths in the suburb about the detection of possible crimes is also an effective method and other services such as victim support. A small suburb that is located in a big metropolitan area has opted for the neighborhood watch program as a way of ensuring that security is enhanced in the suburb. As a result, the mayor wants to find out whether the program has had any effect on the numbers of complaints being received concerning suspicious behaviors that may have been seen or those of deviant behavior and any incidences of crime. He has asked me to determine whether the program has had any of the mentioned effects in the neighborhood. To carry out the investigation I have to determine a survey design that will enable me to reach efficient conclusions that will give reasonable information to the mayor. During the research, I went from door to door or even asked questions on the street. From the research, I found that most of the residents of the small suburb had found that the neighborhood watch program had brought certain benefits to the safety of the suburb. The residents were generally delighted with the results that the program has had on the neighborhood. They attested to the fact that there were reduced incidences of complaints that are being reported by the reside
The article, “Education, multiculturalism, and education”, explores the challenges students face in multicultural classes. Despite a series of legal battles on the need to secularize the public and private education system in Canada, the author offers an opposing view. Seljak (2005) suggests that there is need to ackna owledge different religious beliefs in order to create flexible and proactive students in the Canadian classrooms (Seljak, 2005). Seljak (2005) opines that there are several challenges faced in the implementation of equity pedagogy to ensure inclusion of all cultural and religious groups within the Canadian education system. For example, teachers are not aware of the different equity pedagogy techniques and are not adequately trained to teach students from other religious backgrounds other than Christianity. There is likely to be a breakdown in communication between students from the minority religions and teachers. This will negatively affect the capabilities of such students. The author illustrates the importance of equity pedagogy to the performance of students in public schools. Students from different racial backgrounds learn differently. If a teacher, for example, adopts a teaching technique that favors majority students from a religion such as Christianity, the minority students from other religions such as Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists may be disadvantaged (Seljak, 2005). Administrators expect teachers deali areng with a multicultural classroom to use various techniques that correspond to the learning styles of students with different ethnic, religious, racial, and cultural backgrounds. For instance, the teacher can use a highly personalized but demanding approach when teaching in a multicultural classroom to internalize the elements of flexibility and respect for diversity. Same as opined by Seljak (2005), multicultural education is a process that calls for the participation of the administrators, the teachers, and other stakeholders in the education system. The initial step in multicultural education is for the stakeholders to learn about the cultural background of their learners. From this, the stakeholders can understand their learners better. Understanding their learners will help the teachers and the other stakeholders to identify their education related needs without having to impose laws that discriminate students on the basis of their religion. The understanding will help in developing cura riculum that is suited to all students. This will enhance equity pedagogy in the education system. Multiculturalism not only targets ethnicity, but also age, gender, religion, disability, and economic backgrounds. The author underscored this point by arguing that equity pedagogy should go beyond cultural diversity (Seljak, 2005). There are other forms of diversities within the classroom and within the community, such as gender and age. It is also important to note that students from the minority religions are not homogenous. With the increasing cultural differences, the society should acknowledge that changes in the educational sys
Introduction The increased complexity of society and the further sophistication of relations between its members resulted in the appearance of numerous tools that are needed to regulate this very cooperation and guarantee that all parties will be satisfied with the results of this intercourse. Additionally, the rise of business and great attention devoted to the given sphere contributed to the appearance of numerous agents who want to work is this sector and obtain stable revenues. Besides, the creation of new business ventures and evolution of relations between them could not but impact the legal basis that was introduced to protect companies, organisations, and individuals involved in the given activity. For this reason, at the moment one could admit the existence of numerous forms and documents that are introduced to minimise the risks and provide agents with an opportunity to manage the most crucial aspects of the agreement. The appropriate structuring of the needed documents and introduction of the relevant terms and conditions are the most important tasks of any modern businessman. Terms and conditions and the risks of poor quality, extension of time, increased First of all, it is important to realise the fact that any manager should recognise the importance of the accompanying documentation as it serves as the guaranty of the preservation of his/her rights and provision of the specified services (Beal 2010). In this regard, the creation of the terms and conditions should be considered the main priority of any businessmen as these might ensure the efficient management of the most important risks and other significant factors. Besides, the government of the UK provides a solid legal basis and guarantees that in case all goals, demands, terms, and conditions are included in the contract and are specified, an agent who notices the violation of these terms is able to file a lawsuit and insist on the preservation of the above-mentioned conditions on the legal basis (Beal 2010). In general, this mechanism could be considered the key factor that determines the functioning of the sphere of business and regulates relations within this very sphere. The main types of contracts Besides, the above-mentioned importance of agreements introduces the existence of the following contracts types that should satisfy specific needs.   * Express contract is a sort of agreement which supposes that parties state the terms either orally or in writing at the moment of its formation (Beal 2010).   * Implied contract is a set of obligations that come from a mutual agreement and which have not been expressed in words. It is called in this way as it obviously implies some extra conditions and terms which though should be mentioned in the document.   * Quasi-contract presupposes the absence of any contractual relations between the partners. Thus, such contract is created by virtue of law and could be used when a payment is made by mistake; in case one party is benefited by the activity of another party, etc. ( The formation of a contract n.d).   * Bilateral contracts admit the possibility of the movement of considerations in both directions after
Introduction The role played by gender can be described as socially constructed. The behavior and personality of an individual is defined by the society he or she comes from. Television perpetuates most of the gender stereotypes in the societies. Cultural expectations portrayed male as highly achievers and dominant while female are supposed to be obedient and accommodating A conventional gender stereotype is encouraged mostly by Television since it focuses on dominants social values. Gender inequality is commonly practiced by most of the television programs which are dominated by men the same way it happens in our societies. This influence gender sensitivity and instead instinctively reproduced a consistent masculine perception in the programs being shown (Craig, S. (ed.), 1992). Main body It is believed that most of the programs aired are explicitly built and interpreted from a muscular angle. Observers frequently identify with the male characters rather than females in the narrative. This kind of inclined viewing of television is imperceptible and primarily indisputably biased. Most of the television programs portrayed men’s world and females tend to shift from their own view. Actors and directors have argued that female presenter or characters in the programs are not likely to be given attention by the observers. However, it is important to note that female have got more physical personality as compared to men. According to Durkin, K., (1985) female especially between the age group 8 and 12 give more attention to the male characters than the female one, while boys are not ideally influenced by the sex of the character in the programs. Sigourney Weaver in Aliens is one of such programs aired that have low number of women playing a key role. However, men dominate the scene and are shown to be more authoritative and aggressive as compared to female. They more often drive, drink, smoke, participate in most of the games and implement policies. They dominate world of things rather than affiliation. There are few female shown on this program compared to male. The ratio of male characters to female is 4:1. Male also are seen to be positioned in most demanding role. This is in contrast to the fact that in the real sense female out numbered male in the current world. Therefore, demographic realities are not clearly shown by the television programs as expected. Most female in this programs are restricted to few roles. Male play extensive and stimulating roles, while domestic roles are done by female. Majority of the males are shown as employed, have higher status and are less often found at home. Even at the work places few females ar