ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Employees form the most important part of any organization. According to Chopra (2002), employees are the most important assert within an organization. Employees will determine success or failure of an organization based on the approach they give to the various tasks assigned to them. Employee motivation is therefore, very important in ensuring that employees achieve desired result in various tasks assigned to them in order to ensure an overall success of the firm. Motivated employees tend to give their best effort in all that they do. The work with very little supervision, and do not wait to be directed to perform given tasks. They work with the vision of the organization in their heart, always determined to see success in all that they do. It is because of this that various firms have come to appreciate the need to have a group of motivated employees. Firms are currently struggling to ensure that they offer their employees the best working environment that will ensure that they are constantly motivated. Employees’ motivation always has a direct impact on the success of the firm in the given industry. This paper focuses on ways in which employees of a given firm can be motivated. The Need for Employee Motivation For a long time, labor has not been given its rightful position in many organizations. Many of the managements have not thought of viewing their employees as very important asserts. However, the happenings of the recent past have proven that labor force is one of the most important asserts to any given organization. When the management lays down objectives to be achieved, it is always the employees who are expected to implement the policies that would bring the desired results. It is this work force that would be expected to turn the policies from paper to reality. Therefore, retention of employees is very important. Employees should be retained within the organization to ensure that the firm’s operations are consistent. High turnover rate of employees is not healthy for the firm’s prosperity (Anderson, 2004). This is because it does not only affect the smooth implementation of policies within the firm, but also leads to increased cost of training new employees. It is even worse that the employees would go away having learnt the strategies of the firm, making the firm vulnerable to its competitors. The management should therefore device methods of hiring qualified employees and retaining them within the firm. One of the best ways to achieve this is through motivation. It is through motivation that employees will feel attached to the firm and therefore feel committed to the firm. Relationship between Employee Motivation and Success of a Firm Armstrong (2002) says that employees are the implementing arm of the organization. While the top executives formulate the policies to be implemented by the organization, most of their tasks always end in the paper. It is upon the employees to make these blueprints a reality. I
The laws applicable to the case include the laws and regulations of the United States and the international laws that were claimed to have been violated. As such, US customs law under which the imported goods and products should pertain to the US standards was one of the laws applied to the case. The EPA regulations were also applied to the case; “The crux of the dispute was that the EPA regulations allowed U.S. and certain foreign refineries to use individual baselines, derived from the particular circumstances of their facilities, while requiring most foreign refineries to apply a much less flexible and often less favorable statutory baseline” (Garrett & Smith, 1999, p. 37). In this respect, the double standards applied by the US refineries and the market rules to the quality of gasoline imported and the one produced on the territory of the USA violated the international regulations of the WTO. The issue concerned the Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline and the United States was the defendant while the complaints were Venezuela and Brazil. The political, economic, and environmental issues were all present in the currently reviewed case. The environmental issues of the case were discussed in different studies. For instance, the article by Davis (1998) reflects other cases when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) applied specific acts and regulations only when it was beneficial for it in some way. Krishnamoorthy (2005) also emphasizes the environmental and economic consequences related to this case. At the same time, the issue of alternative energy was also regarded; Pimentel (2003) and Hill et al. (2006) focus on alternative to use instead gasoline with regard to different types of fuel. The economic context of the case suggests even more vigorous dispute over the implied motivation of the United States regulations applied to the Brazilian and Venezuelan gasoline imported to the US market and the limitations on this trade. The case of the US gasoline import regulations and discrimination of the Brazilian and Venezuelan gasoline was also considered in the study edited by Griller (2003, pp. 21-23) with regard to economic perspective. As reported by Weiss, Jackson and Bernasconi-Osterwalder (2008), “Foreign gasoline not complying with the statutory baseline could not be sold in the United States ‘whereas gasoline with these same qualifications produced in a U.S. refinery could be freely sold on the U.S. market’.” (p. 202). This means that not only economic but also political issues mattered for solving this case. No matter how corrupt the bargain between the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US based refineries is, the gasoline demand is still large in the United States. German (2005) insist of on the fact that the demand of the United States for gasoline cannot be satisfied with the domestic market products only and they have to import from Brazil and Venezuela (p. 501). Beaubouef (2007) and Lampeer (2006) dwell on the gasoline consumption in the USA and the great demand of the US for petroleum
The Godfather of musical transformation Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was definitely not Beethoven or Mozart and neither did he compose thrilling or mind-blowing music as most critics would say. He, however, played an important part in music and his work contributed immensely to the development and composition of symphonies. In addition, he composed some of the most beautiful musical pieces in his time. Many people may possibly think that the life the musician led was not worth of a person who became that famous and who is still in the memory of the generations. Many would think that as a musician he lived a miserable life but Haydn lived a long and happy life and later on became a superstar in his sixties. He gained social respect although not to the point where Handel had reached but it was obviously more than what Mozart or Bach could ever have attained (Simon 2006). He tried himself in different spheres of music in order to find a field that would be familiar to him and to succeed in it. He was reckoned to be one of the most outstanding composers in the instrumental sphere of the 18th-19th centuries. On his account, there is a great number of memorable concerts and performances with the presented masterpieces that are famous all over the world. It may seem unfair to compare Haydn to Mozart yet they both gained successin Vienna in the 1780s and had great admiration for one another even though Mozart was 24 years Haydn’s junior. Critics believe that some of Mozart was greatly inspired by Haydn’s work and therefore decided to dedicate some of his own works to him. Nevertheless, Haydn was intrigued by Mozart’s compositions, especially his last two. He wrote one of his greatest symphonies after Mozart’s death in 1791. Mozart might have been the closest companion Haydn ever had. He married Anne Marie Keller, who turned out to be a stubborn wife and lived in remorse for the next forty years (Simon 2006). In 1761, Haydn was lucky enough to be hired and given the responsibility of composing music for special occasions under the title Vice Kapellmeister in the Esterhazy family. This position saw him to a promotion five years later and he assumed the role of Kapellmeister. The most important duties he had were training of a compliant group of court performers. It was also necessary to check the presence of all the important instruments for the numerous and various social activities that had to be available any time. As court composer, it was expected that he be able to compose a piece of music to match a particular occasion or mood in a timely manner. As it was expected, Haydn was very busy and only visited Vienna once in a while when he had the opportu
The inquisitorial system The inquisitorial system was pioneered by the Roman Catholic Church in the medieval era, where the church used this system in its religious courts for prosecution of offenders and to reform the former system which was ecclesiastical. This system argued that one had to be caught in the act of committing a crime for him or her to be tried and a formal accusation was to be made by a witness of which people feared because the punishment for wrong accusations was very severe. Under the inquisitorial system, an ecclesiastical court summoned and interrogated witnesses chosen randomly, and if the testimonies given convicted an individual of an offense, then he would be interrogated and given a verdict. The judge is in total control including investigating all facts of the case whether it favors both sides or not, but also either of them can appeal the judge’s decision. The intention of the judge is to collect facts, incriminating or exculpatory not to convict the defendant. It is used in countries with civil legal systems, which trace their origin to Roman law but other countries also use it for summary hearings like America.however, the inquisitorial system is used in matters of “criminal procedures and not for substantive law”. Around the 16 th century, the Roman Catholic Church had emerged as the only influential church in West and Central Europe. The pope created a system of tribunals, with the then placed cardinals and other church officials, to operate them. They later developed into the Roman inquisition courts. This system was slowly adapted in England although the adversarial system continued applying for criminal cases. In the 19 th century, many of the legal systems had changed and the inquisitorial system became more integrated into the European legal systems. The adversarial system The system is dominant in countries with common law systems; in particular, England which is the origin of common law in the Middle Ages and it passed it on British Empire’s former colonies. In medieval times, the adversarial system was the main legal system all over Europe, although at the beginning of the 12th century, the pope changed the system by introducing the inquisitorial procedure which meant that an ecclesiastical judge did not need an accusation to be filed but instead the court was to investigate and also interrogate witnesses and if there was substantial evidence, then the accused would be summoned for trial. The clergy started using this system, and the pope established tribunals to be run by the “Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Universal Inquisition.” The inquisitors acted in the name of the pope, hence the name the’ Papal Inquisition.” In addition, the system though applied to the baptized Christians was used to convict heretics who were wrongdoers’ ageists of the canon law. Later, the
The Congress largely known as the European Concert was the initial sequence of the worldwide conference to be held for the diplomatic European power balance. The 1945 United Nations alongside the 1919 League of Nations are some of the mockup groups that later resulted from the Vienna Congress. In fact, as emphasized by Schroeder Paul, the congress shunned the ancient methods of power application that seemed destructive and threatening. The congress embraced formulas which produced an equilibrium that was very compassionate and steady. The Vienna Congress came in the year 1814 (May) immediately after the downfall and admission of defeat by Bonaparte. The unremitting war had lasted for approximately 25 years by the time this conference was inaugurated (King 334). Ironically, the theatrical resumption of French control as well as the resurfacing from exile by Napoleon activated the outburst of that warfare. Nevertheless, the conferences carried on for a hundred days in the year 1815 (between March and July). A number of historians proclaim that the Congress at Vienna never resembled an appropriate Congress. It never met the threshold of a Congress owing to the lack of or restricted contribution by the existing representatives. Similarly, the Congress sittings included the great powers namely Prussia, Russia, France, Britain, and Austria while the meeting dialogues accrued informally and personal rather than on a plenary session. The Congress was the first one ever in history (Schroeder 683). With regard to the inter-capital dispatch riders, the nationwide and intercontinental delegates assembled in a forum to formulate concords. Hence, while in anticipation of World War 1 in the year 1914, the Vienna Congress designed a background for the European intercontinental political affairs notwithstanding the advanced modifications. The Congress approved the 1814 Chaumont Treaty that contained various re-affirmed verdicts. The decisions contained in the treaty comprised of the expansion of Netherlands and it took account of what later developed into the contemporary Belgium in the year 1830. The treaty also included the decisions to restore Spanish monarchs (Bourbons), the splitting of Italy into sovereign states, and the institution of a united Germany. Indeed, the power balance that lasted for years resulted from the Chaumont Treaty which also designed the Alliances in European countries. Conversely, matters concerning Scandinavia and other additional operations had earlier been included in the Kiel and Paris treaties amid the 6 th Coalition and France. Besides, before the preceding inauguration of the Congress in the year 1814, the Paris treaty had previously fixed that Vienna could host the general congress. Thus, the Paris treaty had in the same way organized for an invitation of all the betrothed powers in the warfare (Zawadzki 20). The Vienna Congress participants The Vienna Congress had four great powers that had earlier made up the Sixth Coalition members. The great powers had delineated their collective stand in r
(Rao, 2001 pp. 15-16) argues that, Competition between stakeholders of the global market in the recent past has led to the rise of multinational companies which have a lot of diversity when it comes to employing workforce. As a result of this, the managers of companies have to identify organizational values that promote employees from various cultures to fit in the company and work toward a common goal. Such employees usually risk potential tension between those values that are local and the ones which are of multinational companies. This provides a challenge to the management in the multinational companies which has to design a corporate identity that is uniform to help employees from different nationalities identify with their organization. In multinational companies; managerial roles link both local and global responsibilities. Such managers must develop strategies that are independent of growth in global markets that are not familiar. Such a linkage is above classical focus on the exchange between employees and their managers as it is witnessed in the leadership that is locally based. Role theory state that, human beings are different in the way that they behave and can only be predicted based on the situation and their social identities; that is the category under which one thinks he or she belongs. A person is likely to evaluate a role depending on his organizational identity and his national culture. A manager’s approach differentiates a role that link the local aspect from those roles that deal with the global aspect across borders. Roles that are local linking concentrate on the relationship among leaders and followers and reflect on the perspective of social exchange to leadership. (Rao, 2001 pp17) During the manager’s self-evaluation of local roles, it can differ from one culture to another while if he does it at a global level it becomes homogenous for all cultures. The roles of a manager can also be a reaction to the feedback from major stakeholders. These stakeholders can be from within or outside the company and can be other managers, subordinate staff, peers, or customers who might be expecting some form of gain from the success the organization makes. Such feedback from stakeholders focusing on global roles may have very little differences compared with when stakeholders give feedbacks regarding local roles which are based on their cultural values. (Marie, 2006 pp24-27)
I am an excessively emotional person who responds to stress through crying and being gloomy. When I lost a friend during the last semester, I cried a lot to overcome the stress. Causes of stress, thus referred to as stressors, are elements or circumstances leading a person to anticipate a feeling of exceeding psychological and physical demands on ability to comfortably cope up with the situation (Greenglass, 2002). Through expressing physical emotions, I was able to quickly overcome the experience of losing a dear friend. Avoidant in coping and its effectiveness In my coping with stressors, I tend to be an avoidant in order to let nature facilitate the healing process. From what I remember, upon losing my friend, my family and I did not talk about the death after the final funeral service. I just went on doing my own things to get the sad situation out of my head. I did not discuss the death and loss despite having felt some kind of sadness and emptiness. I just shouldered my feelings and kept them within control. Though it may sound strange, I always find it easy to use the avoidant strategy when coping with stress since it gives me time to think through and reflect on the impact of the stressor (Taylor, 2006). Emotion-focused coping application Since the stressor situation was involving death of a close friend, I used emotion-focused coping since I had to let out the pain through crying, and remember the past experiences with the late friend to facilitate an easy exit strategy from this painful experience. During this period, I felt that “the right to grieve entitles a bereaved person to grieve in a manner he/she chooses to, free of interference from others. Thus, no one is obligated to grieve in a particular way” (Attig 2004, p.198). I found the emotion-focused coping useful in managing the pain as a result of the death experience. The impact of external resources The external resources such as the previous video and sound recordings with the friend who died presented very serious challenges in the recovery process from the grief. These external sources acted as triggers to remind me of my best friend and the activities we carried out together. Every time I came across any material we did together, it would triggers and stimulate sad memories of the demise. As a result, I had to shed tears each time this happened for almost three months after the funeral service. Social support in coping I had to heavily rely on social support from my immediate family members in the form of emotional support. Each time I experienced the emotional outbursts, there was always an open arm from a member of my family ready to pat and hug me until I calmed down. Besides, the family members were very tolerant and constantly listened to m
Based on this upcoming, large spending group, what other types of products/services might be popular, and attention-getting to the baby boomer population market? Why would these products/services be a good fit for this group? The baby boomer population has always been a large spending group. This fact explains why different marketers have capitalized on this opportunity. Such marketers have been producing a wide range of products in order to fulfill the demands of this generation. Many products will be popular among members of this generation (Kerin 63). To begin with, Sperl-Bell has been focusing on the best housing demands for this generation. Some of the unique needs of this generation include taxes, quality products, and health care. They also have huge disposable incomes. They also need leisure and income. That being the case, the baby boomers are in need of traveling services. The cruise industry is also offering tailored services to this aging generation. The individuals have been focusing on the best services. Many television channels have emerged in the industry. For instance, many entertainment channels are supporting the needs of these baby boomers. Some channels on history and nature have also emerged in order to entertain members of this generation. This fact explains why Disney is currently using theme-park attractions to entertain members of this generation. Many media firms have emerged in order to satisfy these baby boomers (Howell 4). These individuals are also using the internet. The generation also embraces different online games and puzzles. Car manufacturers have been focusing on the historical developments associated with members of this market. Companies such as Rolls Royce have been producing elegant cars for this population. The baby boomers do not want to get older. Some companies such as Bavaria Motor Works (BMW) and Mercedes Benz are producing quality cars for these individuals. Such products are addressing the needs of this population as it struggles with the middle-life crisis. These individuals are purchasing such cars because they have a lot of money to spend. The “generation also understands the value for its money” (Kerin 28). Many food producers are considering the health needs of these baby boomers. They have added various nutrients and vitamins to such food materials. The important goal is to cater to the needs of this population. Many companies, such as Apple Incorporation, have also been producing quality handheld devices for this generation. The population has a lot of money. This situation makes it easier for such individuals to purchase expensive devices. Many health institutions are availing modernized checkups and devices such as eyeglasses to members of this generation. The proliferation of online shopping is making it possible for many baby boomers to access different products and services without leaving their houses (Howell 3). This wealthy generation, therefore, presents a new opportunity for many marketers. Studies have also indicated that “consumers between the age of 45 and 60 switch brands and services just as readily as younger generations” (Howell 3). The above ser