ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Empire State Building is a 102 storey, 1,250 feet tall building located between the Fifth Avenue and West 34 th Street in New York; with an office space of 2.8 million square feet. It was constructed in 1931and stood as the tallest building in the world until 1971 when World Trade Center was constructed although; it reclaimed the tallest building in the world in 2001 after the destruction of the World Trade Center. It was designed by William Lamb and was constructed began in1930 and completed in 1931 by Starrett Brothers and Eken Contractors. The landmark’s outside design is made from Indiana limestone, which is eight-inch thick. The floor slabs are eight-inch thick, made up of one-inch cement layer and seven-inch of ember and concrete. All columns, girders and floor beams were made of steel sheathed with 1-2 inches of brick terracotta and concrete. There was almost no spacing between the floors and there were no air vents for air circulation penetrating fire extensions, floors and ceiling, with each floor having its own HVAC system. The elevator and utility shafts were masonry bolted together and in the fire escape there was a four inch brick enclosed. This was designed to allow occupants to escape in case of fire through the staircase without fire filling up the escape space. On July 28, 1945, a fateful B-25 Mitchell bomber crashed on the building causing the building to burst into flames. Although it did not collapse it was seriously damaged. This is due to the strong and rigid steel frame structure on the center of the building. If we were the engineers of the Empire State Building we would reduced the size of the open floor design by, rather than using a center core steel column, we would use a skeleton steel frame. Also we would have used a thicker layer of concrete on the floor of about 2-3 inches. The world trade center was an office complex with a 13.5 million square feet located in Lower Manhattan in New York City until September 11 th 2001 when it was destroyed by terrorist attack. The blueprint of the World Trade Center was designed by M. Yamasaki as chief architect and Emery Roth & Sons as associate artichects, in 1962 through a tube frame design for the 110 storey building. The towers were constructed between the years 1966 – 1971. The tube frame design allowed open floor plans instead of columns apportioned across the interior to support the tower load. The tube frames was protected by a spray on fire resistant material that provided a lighter structure which could move sideways when wind blew. Although this was the main cause of the collapse of the World Trade Ce
Why it is more important to work smart than to work hard Working smart is more important than working hard for a number of reasons. First, it increases the potential for improved efficiency and in an unlimited way. By working hard, the potential for improved efficiency is only 20%. Second, working smart boosts the productivity of any process leading to heightened standards of living. This is in addition to lowering the resources required in the process. To that end, it is important to work smart as opposed to working hard. However, working smart and hard could lead to more efficiency and productivity. Why we need to learn about Anatomy and Physiology while studying Ergonomics When studying ergonomics, it is important to explore the concepts of human anatomy and physiology. The rationale is that the body is a unit that consists of numerous processes working in harmony to enhance productivity. The synchronization of the forces that work in the skeletal system facilitates the comprehension of ways in which the body could achieve optimum productivity. Similarly, such efficiency and utilization of forces to achieve productivity is a central element of work design. In addition, physical ergonomics entail human physiology that highlights ways in which the important processes carried out by living organisms. This way, the study of human anatomy and physiology provides insights on the capabilities of an individual to fulfill specific tasks. As such, the study of human physiology is a key aspect of ergonomics. Productivity, Ergonomics, Metabolism, and Biomechanics Productivity It refers to the total output of any process divided by all resources used. In other words, a process refers to services operation or an individual production. Productivity measures ways in which a certain process achieves its efficiency and uses the available resources to produce the optimum benefits. As such, it is an intrinsic part of any work system where increase in output does not always imply a consequent increase in input. Ergonomics It refers to a scientific discipline that revolves around human interactions with equipment during work processes. It seeks to establish the ways in which people utilize various tools to perform specific activities and tasks. Ergonomics has the objectives of increasing efficiency of humans when using tools. This is in addition to reducing errors, increasing satisfaction when using the equipment, decreasing strenuous and stressful activities that lead to fatigue, enhancing safe operations and reducing avoidable accidents and injuries when carrying out activities. Metabolism It refers to a combination of all biochemical processes that occur in cells of all living things. Metabolism has the functions of providing the body with energy for critical processes that include movement and locomotion. In addition, the process incorporates new source of energy and organic materials into the bodies of
Introduction Costco Wholesalers is a corporation that began over 25 years ago when a duo chose the entrepreneurship route as an inspiration to become the top 500 exclusive global retailers. The company rose from a single unit in 1983 to a multicultural and enormously profitable global enterprise it is today. Colleagues and investors would easily dismiss the dreams of co-founders James Sinegal and Jeffrey Brotman for the reason of failing to follow the conventional and counter-intuitive strategies. This paper forms an analysis of Costco Company, particularly business diversity, ethics and leadership styles as some of the aspects of company prosperity. Background Study James Sinegal and Jeffrey Brotman chose their venture but critics almost certainly advised the two to think about other options. Today, the determination and commitment of these Iconoclastic entrepreneurs is an outstanding paradigm. It is also a source of envy for many upcoming retailers whose wish is to reach their standards or outperform Costco Wholesale Corporation. The competitors fail to realize that Costco’s success is attributable to the ability and conventional wisdom of the two entrepreneurs. The company implemented unique strategies, such as availing a narrow range of products to retail at the lowest prices possible. Their aim was to capture most and enjoy enormous but diminutive profit margins from the sales (Simchi-Levi et al, p.143). The firm is also outstanding for its superior ethical standards especially in catering for the employees who receive hefty rewards in terms of wages and healthcare allowances equitable to their input efforts and outcome. Currently, people acknowledge the founders for establishing an excellent membership warehouse club. Costco Ltd headquarters is in Issaquah, Washington but the firm chain stores exists in over 488 places globally since the co-founders came up with a low-price retail store next to the main store. The outstanding growth projects Costco’s annual sales approximate to $50 billion from its 125, 000 well-compensated members of staff. Currently, the warehouse ranks at fourth largest global retailer (Simchi-Levi et al, p.143). The prosperity of Costco limited is attributable to the pioneering procedures by the co-founders and their exemplary unique style of leadership in this dynamic retail-business world. One of the outstanding aspects of Costco Ltd is its perfected warehouse club. The business entity came into plan from the 1970’s when a youthful Jim Sinegal learnt the importance of a “High-volume, low-Price” trade secret that was initially a business formula of his mentor, Sol Price’s (initiator of California retailer Price Club). Sinegal would later move out of Price Club to collaborate with Brotman and launch a competitive Costco Ltd. The two clubs eventually merged in 1993 but Sinegal’s concept of “getting the right product, in the right place for the right price,” incarcerated Price Club (Simchi-Levi et al, p.144). Even though other retail stores like Wal-Mart have almost a similar low prising and clients targeting strategy, the Costco’s retail strategy an
Executive Summary In medical facilities, cost incurred in different sectors need to be managed in an effective manner. Both medical and support staffs need to be incorporated in designing of policies and mechanisms to maintain their expenses at low costs and yet offer quality services. Quality medical attention is a human right, to ensure that they are available at an appropriate cost, all sectors in the hospital need to be analysed and areas of inefficiency recognised. Six-sigma is a management tool that approaches management from a scientific angle; it analyses an entire organizations processes and by creating relationships and data analysis, the area with a deficit is recognized, then coming up with appropriate strategies to minimize threats brought about by the inefficient system. Background Academic Medical Centre is a leading medical facility situated in Bijlmer , Netherlands; it doubles as a medical facility and a teaching centre for University of Amsterdam. To give quality services, resources are required; however, resources are limited, there is need to use the available resources in an appropriate manner. When resources are used in the right manner, then the facility will offer services at an affordable rate and support research and development projects that are crucial in a medical facility. Efficiency in medical facilities has numerous benefits to the business; for example, it gives a facility competitive advantage in terms of expertise, research and customer base. When a company implements a six sigma procedure, it ensure that there is efficiency in all processes in a business it uses scientific methods like data analysis to make decisions in a certain area. The process aims at attaining specializations in areas of interest in a way that the result will give an overall efficiency in an organization (Snee & Hoerl, 2002). It creates special infrastructure and labels the users of such processes as “Belts”. There are “green belts” and “barrack belt” among others. Analysis of six-sigma policy in Ac
Loneliness is the leading emotion in Wright’s poem, “A Blessing,” as can be deduced from the speaker and ponies’ feelings towards each other. The poet depicts the two horses as experiencing seclusion because they have been isolated from humankind. Essentially, Wright uses the horses to impart solitude in his audience by noting, “There is no loneliness like theirs” (line 12). A critical review of the poet’s attachment and concern about the horses’ condition reveals that Wright might have been talking about his own desire for human companionship. “A Blessing” seems prosaic from a quick glance, although a critical review reveals a scant use of poetic devices, such as imagery and paradox. The poem abounds in a clever use of creative figures of speech to create succinct mental images of the scenes depicted by the writer. In essence, Wright has used similes, such as “shyly as wet swans” (line 11) and “delicate as the skin over a girl’s wrist” (line 21) to prompt the audience’s perspectives of the scenes. Further, the poet uses paradox in line four, which reads, “Darken with kindness,” denoting the prevailing mood. Hence, the writer uses imagery to create scenes and advance the solitude emotion. “A Blessing” is a 24-line free-version poem in which Wright does not use a formal or strict rhyme pattern. Rather, the poet uses a non-metrical scheme characterized by incidents of half-rhyme phrases, which give the poem a unique sound flow. Examples of the words used to create the sound pattern include “softly forth” and the “e” sound in “shyly” an
Strategic operations carried out by the American Army significantly evolved in the course of its history. This progress can be demonstrated by looking at the Battle of la Drange that took place in 1965 and the First Battle of Bull Run that occurred in 1861. They are separated by more than one hundred years. They can throw light on the changing tactics and strategies. It is possible to identify several important differences. First of all, the development of technologies increased the speed of military operations and reduced their length. Moreover, they were instrumental in protecting the lives of many American soldiers. Nevertheless, there are several aspects of war that remain unchanged. In particular, in both cases commanders attached importance to quick relocation of forces, the logistics of the army, and close-range combat. These are the main aspects that should be discussed. The analysis of these questions is important for understanding contemporary warfare. At first glance it seems that it is almost impossible two compare these two battles because they are different in terms of ammunition, weaponry, or transportation means used by the troops. Nevertheless, one should not suppose that every aspect of military operation was changed. In particular, one can mention that in both cases, the speed of operations and mobility of forces was of great importance to the commanders. For instance, during the Battle of Bull Run railways were used in order to transport troops from one location to another (De Paris 197). It was the first time when the troops were relocated in such a way (De Paris 197). During the Battle of la Drange military commanders relied on different means of transportation. Nevertheless, the speed of military operations was always of great significance to officers who fought in Vietnam. Moreover, in both cases, the Army officers emphasized the coordination of troops. During the Battle of Bull Run, the Confederate Army achieved victory because soldiers representing different divisions understood the maneuvers of one another. The same thing can be said about people who fought in the Battle of la Drange. This is why American forces were able to gain victory in this battle. Overall, the Battle of la Drange illustrates the importance of technologies for military technologies, for instance, massive art
Introduction Zappos has shown to be one of the companies that build effective environments that encourage employee motivation and build inclusiveness. Over the recent decade, Zappos has been among the best companies to work for, showing high levels of employee productivity and happiness. This has become possible since the organization’s CEO is highly focused on making sure that the works that he is leading share the mission and vision of the organization and work together to reach them. Several strategies have been identified that improve the productivity, performance, and attitude of employees toward their work at Zappos. Motivational Strategies Implemented by Zappos Psychological empowerment is one of the strategies that Zappos has used to motivate its workers. Originating from industrial-organizational psychology, psychological empowerment is a motivational approach that combines competence, choice, meaningfulness, and impact (Meng & Sun, 2019). Zappos has shown to use the principle by requiring weeks of training for the newly-hired personnel and setting specific expectations about knowledge. The workers are expected to receive meaningful education and learn to be a team with a positive impact on the organization. Instilling trust is an important part of such a process, with the organization’s leaders working toward making sure that every worker fits the culture of the company (Alhidari, 2017). Intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have also been widely implemented at the organization to motivate employees and show them that they are highly valued. While an intrinsic reward implies intangible recognition or a sense of achievement, an extrinsic reward is tangible and is given to an employee for achieving something (Nduka, 2016). By building trust and a sense of community within an organization, Zappos has always been celebrating employees’ achievements by giving praise and instilling a sense of accomplishment. The organizational culture of the company is developed in such a way that allows for the ongoing interactions between workers and their managers, which makes praise and continuous feedback possible (Dur & Schmittdiel, 2019). As to extrinsic motivation, Zappos has created several incentive plans, such as Grant-a-Wish, Coworker Bonus, and Zollars. While the programs have incentivized employees to earn more, they are also concerned with helping workers do what they want to by fulfilling their tangible wishes. Motivation through job design is another strategy that Zappos has been implementing to
The research paper highlights the importance and effectiveness of COVID vaccine boosters for people in general. To confirm this fact, attention was drawn to numerous studies of vaccines, their action, and the various manifestations and reactions of both single-component vaccines and doses requiring amplification. A source supporting the idea was found in one of the world’s most respected general scientific journals. The article “Mixing COVID vaccines triggers potent immune response” by Ewen Callaway, published in the journal Nature , devoted to research mainly on natural sciences, was selected. The source could be sponsored by an editor interested in gaining prestige as a result of the publication. The article evaluated can be considered successful in terms of the necessary characteristics, including reliability, usefulness, relevance, and meaningfulness based on facts. The source’s credibility can be judged by the relevant information presented in the article; the conclusions summarized in the article are confirmed in studies around the world, so the data presented can be considered reliable. The study examines the strategy of mixing vaccines to boost the immune response. The statements of scientists and virologists about this method inspire confidence: “The Pfizer vaccine boosted antibody responses remarkably in one-dose AstraZeneca vaccinees.” (Callaway, 2021, p. 491) Validating the strategy Zhou Xing, an immunologist at McMaster University in Hamilton, provides evidence-based expert opinion. The article presents references to works and studies that indicate the credibility of the information presented in the source: “…two doses of the same vaccine” (as cited in Callaway, 2021, p. 491). The source analyzed has some value to work with, confirming the effectiveness of vaccines and COVID vaccine boosters, which Pfizer and AstraZeneca can be, depending on the situation. The article’s thesis is expressed in the idea of ​​greater effectiveness of the presented vaccines working together. The goal is achieved by bringing facts and expressing expert opinions, making people take a critical look at the s
Introduction In the past two decades, managers of US companies would brag of efficient machines they had made of their supply chains. The managers would increase the efficiency of their supply chains by implementing techniques and technologies, but more political issues in the recent past have affected the supply chains of these companies. Terrorist strikes, political instability and the recent shutdown of west coast shipping docks have made the managers more alert in dealing with supply chain risks. Supply chain decisions are influenced by the political risks of both the country of location and host country (Planert, 2002). Nature of risk There are several risk factors that affect the entire length of the supply chain, with some of the risks including customer demand, shelf life and carriage capacity of the products, currency exchange rates, and political instability. These risks are not new; they have been in existence and have been affecting supply chains for the last twenty years. Most of the risks have developed to enhance productivity, eliminate waste, abolish supply chain duplication, and drive for cost improvement (Hugos, 2006). Keeping supply chain running smoothly a) Broaden cooperation Company managers should broaden cooperation. They should work in collaboration with colleagues in purchasing, logistics, traffic and other departments since sorting out supply chain risks requires a greater degree of collaboration (Mentzer, 2001). b) Considering trade offs Managers should think of cost and supply chain risks as variables that exist alongside the duration of time. In some instances, the manager may increase risks because there is less redundancy in the system, but it does not mean that the manager has increased the risks without much consideration, provided he / she examines the supply chain critically before carrying out any implementation (Frazelle, 2002). Effect of culture Corporate culture is very instrumental in managing supply chain. It provides some sort of a memory for an organization so that the organization does not start from scratch when its employees are changed. In addition, organizational memory regulates the communication flow in and out of a company by ensuring that there is continuity of norms (Simchi-Levi et al, 2004). Lack of conformity in culture between the company and its channel distribution members will lead to communication break down. Conclusion Managers need to meet with decision makers in their respective companies so as to access the importance of technology and supply chain. In addition, the managers should discuss how long it is likely to take for them to find solutions to the risks. Supply chain management has proved to be a great asset for any given company since it goes a long way in improving such companies’ wages. Getting positive results would mean that the managers must overcome risks so as to gain control over implementation and the system in general.
Initiating The Victorian State Government initiated Victorian Desalination Project in 2007 due to changes in climatic conditions and declining supply of fresh water in Melbourne and its surrounding. Objectives The Project objective is to supply 150 GL (gigalitre) of water per annum. It will also have the ability to increase supply based on demands up to 200 GL per year. The Project shall also ensure that the cities get fresh water that meets water standards as set by State water policy. The plant must meet water needs of the population and must optimise its supply network. Scope AquaSure defined the Project scope under the plant, power supply marine, pipeline, and renewable energy. The plant This focused on the quantity and quality of water supplied to Melbourne and its surroundings. The plant uses high standards of technology to drive desalination processes based on reverse osmosis technique. The plant is energy-efficient and has a living green roof. Marine The water for the plant comes from the sea. Thus, the Project developer approach aimed at protecting the marine