ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The phenomenon of human sexuality is complex and intricate due to the specifics of its expression, numerous permutations thereof, and the structure and functions of the reproductive system. What seems most fascinating about the concept of studying human sexuality is the opportunity to maintain objectivity and scientific credibility while analyzing the notion of biological sex and the concept of gender expression. Due to the introduction of a clear research method into the study of sexes and sexuality, the information can be utilized to address complex problems associated with sex and sexuality, which defines its importance. The presence of numerous models for studying the human reproductive cycle also contributes to conveying the importance of scientific analysis of human sexuality and the associated concerns. For instance, the approach developed by Masters and Johnson, as well as Kaplan’s framework and Loulan’s model, allow expanding the discourse. Moreover, the introduction of tools that help to quantify the data that can be described as purely subjective to infer essential information about human sexuality is noteworthy. For instance, Loulan’s framework, which allows measuring content and determining whether a choice of intercourse as made willingly, is a critical component of the study of sexuality, sex, and related issues. By scrutinizing sex as a biological phenomenon, one can define strategies for addressing health issues, whereas the analysis of the sociological aspect thereof, such as gender expression, leads to the development of strategies for promoting education and subverting harmful stereotypes. Thus, the well-being of society can be improved by considering the information from this paper. Moreover, personal development can be attained through the purposeful and mindful analysis of the available information and the development of a unique personal framework for managing the needs of vulnerable patients.
Which two principles are the most important from the consumer’s perspective? Why are these principles important? All eight principles of advertising discussed in the article are connected to certain legal and ethical rules that have been introduced to protect customers and encourage the advertisers to have a fair business competition. Nevertheless, their importance tends to vary if we try to look at them from the perspective of the consumer. I suppose that two principles are the most important for buyers all over the world: the fourth and sixth. According to the fourth principle, advertisers are required to provide the customers with all the information concerning their collaboration with the manufacturers to ensure transparency. I believe that this principle is especially important for consumers because nowadays many people tend to consider bloggers’ opinions choosing the best product. For example, if advertisers do not mention the fact that they are sponsored by the brand or get some items for free, their feedback may mislead many customers. As a result, many people who think that product reviews found on the Internet are always honest to spend their money on products that do not meet their expectations at all. Due to these unnecessary financial expenses that may occur, the principle can be regarded as essential. According to the sixth principle, advertisers are not allowed to compromise consumers’ privacy to promote the products and services. The principle is important because the issue connected to privacy bothers many buyers all over the world. The thing that often causes discontent of the consumers is contextual advertising used to show the people only those advertisements related to their interests. It is also crucial because the data is usually retrieved from search history, and many people tend to fear that their personal information (for instance, queries related to physical and mental health issues) is unprotected. I suppose that this issue is urgent for many consumers, as many people do not want anybody to monitor their search history to fulfill their goals. Therefore, advertisers should realize that such a strategy can cause the opposite effect. Which principle has been ignored by some advertisements? Companies are supposed to strictly follow eight rules listed in the article but there are a lot of advertisements that ignore ethical principles. Many advertisers are likely to violate the fifth principle explained in the article, to be able to compete with other companies. There is a strong competition between the advertisers in the modern world; due to that diversity, many consumers tend to ignore the advertisements that just show the product and tell about its advantages. According to the fifth principle, companies should fa
Mark Dion originates from New Bedford, Massachusetts. Born in 1961, the artist received BFA in 1986 and an honorary doctorate in 2003 at the University of Harford, Connecticut. Dion’s artistic works describe the approaches in which public institutions and prevailing ideologies shape our comprehension of the natural worlds and associated knowledge and history (Art 21 PBS, 2012). According to the artist, his task is to stand against the dominant culture and challenge conventions and stereotypes. In this respect, Dion introduces works that provide the difference between scientific, objective methods, and irrational, subjective impacts. The painter’s curiosity extols unusual orderings of specimens and objects. In particular, the artist heightens the role of scientific explorations in modern society by locating the basis of environmental politics in the origins of knowledge and history about nature. Picture: “Neukom Vivaium” (2006) Mark Dion is famous for his scientific installation where specific details and objects are used, including wooden structures, sketches of animals, stuffed birds, photographs, etc. All these installations and images introduce nature in different dimensions. Specifically, the author makes use of different materials to represent different displays of nature, as well as how it interacts with science. The confrontation of the natural and scientific world can be viewed in Dion’s installation called “Neukom Vivarium” (2006). The greenhouse structure provides several themes for discussion since it represents a tree within a scientific context and can be discussed without it (Art 21 PBS, 2012). The given piece of art reveals modern outlooks on art from ecological perspectives. In particular, the author emphasizes the role of nature and science in shaping the current attitude of society to artistic exploration (Harvey, 2008, p. 187). Concerning this, the work under analysis proves the connection between natural and artistic worlds.
Nowadays, millions of people are interested in developing discussions about the role of the philosophy of mind in human behaviour, the quality of the relationships between mind and brain, and the way of how the world should be perceived and studied. The peculiar feature of the philosophy of mind is the inability to come to one logical conclusion and choose one strong position. Mental activities are usually equated or compared with brain activities through a number of scientific, psychological, and behavioural terms. The task of a philosopher is to “give an account of the mind solely in terms of behaviour and dispositions to behave, yet think that the behaviour… is so complex and sophisticated that it could not have a purely material cause” (Armstrong 54). There are many philosophers whose thoughts and contributions have to be recognised. Still, the work of Hilary Putnam deserves special attention because his vision includes the investigation of mental states through the prism of the identity theory, behaviourism, and psychology. In this paper, the perspectives developed by Putnam in the second half of the 20 th century will be proved as effective and educative means for understanding people, their needs, and actions. His computational functionalism, as well as the notions of a Turing Machine and a Probabilistic Automaton, was successfully accepted by society. However, to everyone’s amazement, Putnam changed his views to quite the opposite ones, seriously criticising functionalism in all its forms. This philosopher was not afraid to admit that it was normal to change the mind, improve the work of the brain, and choose behaviours that correspond to personal thoughts and attitudes. Despite the existing alternatives developed by Putnam and other philosophers to disprove its credibility and practicality in the philosophy of mind, functionalism can be supported as a view where mental states have to be discussed in terms of their functional roles and causal relations to other states, behaviours, and inputs, cognitive development, and computation in terms of which an analogy between the brain and a machine can be explained. Functionalism Basics and Development The philosophy of mind is characterised by a number of theories and approaches supported and opposed by different authors. Its goal is to evaluate the nature of the human mind through a biopsychosocial paradigm of consciousness and the relationships between mental states. Nagel explains consciousness as something that can make “the mind-body problem really intractable” (165). It is not just a problem to comprehend the relations between mind and body. It is a challenge people have to be ready for. Among the existing schools and positions, including dualism, monism, behaviourism, and the identity theory, functionalism can be specially identified because of three importa
Introduction A Proposal is basically a statement of purpose that is presented for someone’s acceptance. Its key idea is to persuade the person to fund your project. A proposal needs to be effective in order to emphasize what is required and make the reader interested in the project. The budget is one of the vital elements in a proposal. It is a plan of the estimated finance that would be required, in the form of funds, for the project. Often company heads or other people that are concerned with the proposal tend to see the budget element of the proposal before the rest of the sections. The proposal has the following key elements, firstly, the cover page then an abstract which would encapsulate the entire proposal in a page or two. Then, the introduction and the problem statement will be given. After this, the methodology will be discussed, which are the steps that would be followed in order to achieve the aims and objectives. Next, the budget would be shown followed by a budget narrative which would give an explanation of how the budgeted figures were derived. Then the evaluation method would be stated and finally the conclusion and Appendices. In this paper, one of the major types of budgets would be described in detail along with its comparison to the principles of design. Discussion A budget is a plan for the future. It is an important component of a proposal as it represents a financial picture of the project. Different budget elements are therefore planning tools. Budgeting is important because it gives an idea of the future outflows and inflows of finance. The budget element that is chosen for discussion is the flexible budget. A flexible budget is the most common and convenient form of budgeting. It is considered a performance evaluation tool. A flexible budget is based on different levels of activity. It is very useful for the comparison of the actual cost of output with the budgeted cost of the same level of output that was forecasted. It is developed using budgeted revenues or cost amounts based on the level of output actually achieved in the budget period. Through flexible budgeting, the variances between the actual cost and the budgeted costs can be adjusted. Variance is basically the difference between the budgeted amount and the actual amount of sales. This variance can be computed for costs as well as revenues. Variance can be of two types, favorable variance, which is when the actual operating profit is more than the budgeted amount and unfavorable variance which is when actual is relatively lower than the budgeted amount. Budget variance can incur for a number of reasons such as the economic conditions may have changed which affect the demand, level of supplies, cost of material, etc, other than that manager’s job performance may have been very good or very bad. Also, there is a possibility that there may be a mistake during the budget preparation that causes a budget variance. A flexible budget is normally compared with a fixed or static budget. A static budget deals with onl
Introduction There was a time when higher education meant a brighter future and career advancement. However, when people think about higher education today, they associate it a lot of things. Campuses have taken this chance to reap people off their money. There are so many irrelevant courses offered, and after a student is done with the course, they are not guaranteed to get a job. In his essay, Graff says that whatever is offered in school is something that any young person can get online (62). Some young people find it easy to fetch information from the internet by themselves instead of going to school. Besides, higher education is too expensive, which is not something everyone can afford. The essay discusses various views that young adults have about the present state of higher education. Discussion The current state of higher education is a financial burden. This is because there are more requirements needed for one to be able to achieve higher education. Most students feel higher le
Emerging challenges in the American healthcare delivery system require prompt reaction both from the legislators and nursing professionals. To address pressing issues in the industry, back in 2010, President Obama initiated the Affordable Care Act, also known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). As explained by McIntyre and Song (2019), its critical purpose was to expand health insurance coverage, regulate the industry, and reduce care spending per capita. However, with the change of administration in 2016, the PPACA experienced a series of significant modifications, affecting the health care delivery system, the role of nurses, and nursing practice, in general. This paper discusses the aforementioned criteria through a prism of quality measures and payment, nursing leadership, and emerging trends in the industry. Initially, the PPACA reformed insurance coverage in the US in the ways, as follows. On the one hand, it introduced competition of health insurance marketplaces in the states, allowing people to choose from the affordable options and taking advantage of the subsidies and federal poverty line (McIntyre & Song, 2019). On the other hand, the law expanded the eligibility criteria, obligating insurance companies to reimburse treatment of pre-existing conditions (McIntyre & Song, 2019). However, in the recent four years, the regulation was limited in its capacity due to a heated debate in Congress. With several states resisting to amplify their Medicaid program, millions of Americans remain uninsured. The issue of the Affordable Act in 2010 did not only reform the current health delivery system but also had a substantial impact on the nursing practice. As explained by DiNardi, PPACA is associated with nursing shortages and frequently critiqued for putting pressure on healthcare professionals by extending work shifts and shortcutting the staff. For instance, average registered nurses (RN) had to work 30 minutes more, while licensed practical nurses (LPN) experienced a 50-minute increase in shifts. The nursing practice also had specifically adverse effects in a rural setting, wherein the lack of personnel transformed into significantly lower quality of healthcare, higher mortality rates, and patients’ dissatisfaction (DiNardi, 2019). Further outcomes of the PPACA should be assessed under consideration of quality measures and payment. Together with the Affordable Care Act, three quality measures and payment systems were incorporated. As stated in “The Affordable Care Act”, under the CMS’ Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program, acute-care hospitals get 2% reduction on all Medicare payments, resulting in the increased safety, clinical care, and enhanced patient-centered experience. Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program obligated hospitals with high readmissions rates after episodes of acute care to a 3% reduction in their Medicare payments. Such measure aims to prevent low-quality care based on socioeconomic discrimination. Finally, the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program provided 1%
Introduction This report documents ethnographically the cultural scene of a women’s prayer room in a local culture in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with the view to assisting the researcher to acknowledge how the prayer room assists individuals in the local community to deal with issues of prayer in the Mosque and also to keep their hearts pure, sincere and busy only with prayer. In the context of this report, the fundamental concept of culture is defined as the knowledge individuals in this local setting use to generate and interpret social behavior, while that of ethnography is defined as a systematic endeavor to discover the knowledge this group of individuals in this local setting have learned and are actively using to organize their behavior or describe culture. In this report, a cultural scene is perceived as an underlying pattern of meanings which are not only known and assumed by the participants in a social situation, but are shared by these participants to define some aspect of their social or cultural experience. The rest of the fieldwork report is organized as follows: the following section discusses the field work methods, before introducing a section on the physical setting and social situations related to the cultural scene; afterwards, the researcher undertakes the cultural description of the local group in terms of domains and categories used and their relationships, before concluding with making tentative interpretations about the cultural scene and recommending areas for future research. Field Work Methods The cultural scene of people in a prayer room is selected to get as much information as possible relating to how social issues and cultural orientations of the local people influence how they pray at the prayer’s room. Contact with informants has been made through the usual greetings and expression of interest once they researcher meets with the informants at the prayer room. Majority of the informants are women, are affiliated to Islam, and constantly participate in prayer at the women’s prayer room at the mosque. In terms of fieldwork methods, it can be argued that observations and interviews have been used by the researcher to collect important data about their lived experiences. The only problem experienced during fieldwork has been the unwillingness of some individuals to provide information and ensure that their behaviors are located in a culturally relevant and meaningful context. The Setting In the context of the physical settings, the prayer room is very peaceful and quiet, emboldening a serene and sacred place of worship. Women cover their hair, bodies and toes when praying inside the room. It is a common practice for people to remove their shoes prior to entering the prayer room and line up beside each other, making sure that their shoulders are in alignment. Another important observation is that not every person who comes in the prayer room is of UAE’s origin; rather, Asians and other individuals of Middle Eastern origin come at the prayer room. The major
The term offset is an English word that is used to mean compensate or the act of counterbalancing. Offsetting is used in various fields depending on the different scenarios. For instance, it can be used in the business world when a person settles a debt. In this report however, offsetting will be discussed in the line of military, whereby a comparison between the Brazilian and UAE offset programs in the defense system will be made. In defense, an offset program is initialized with the aim of compensating the local industry with that from the foreign countries. In simple terms, an offset program entails getting defensive support from foreign contractors. “Offsetting provides an opportunity for purchasing governments to impose compulsory inward investment obligations on foreign suppliers” (Dempsey, 2011, p.1). Among the many nations that have the offset programs is Brazil, which is located in South America. Despite the fact that Brazil is a peaceful nation, it has been able to dominate armed forces from America (Mitra, 2009, p.1). “The underlying policy by the Brazilian government is that the nation should be able to provide enough security for its citizens without having to deploy security personnel from other nations” (Mitra, 2009, p.1). In a bid to achieve this goal, the Brazilian government has put in place funds to ensure that they purchase the latest military technologies from the foreign and expert countries like Japan. Research indicates that Brazil has been able to acquire the technologies “through such methods as licensed production, co-production and joint ventures although it has formally articulated its offsets policy quite recently” (Dempsey, 2011, p.1). In all the aforementioned methods of technology acquisition, transfer has been the main mode of acquiring the offset program in Brazil. The major aeronautic company known as Embraer Corporation having been established in the year 1969 has proved to be the best offsetting program in the military industrialization. This can be supported by the fact that Embraer has effectively absorbed and indigenized the foreign technologies as a way of offsetting the foreign deals. In addition to this, Brazil has proved to significantly participate in the offsetting program through its importation of ammunition and the small arms that have been licensed in Italy, Britain, and Belgium among others. At the same time, Brazil is slowly becoming one of the leading manufacturers of firearms although it has not been given the authority to license them, hence using other nations that have the authority to do so. On the other hand, the UAE has also established an offset program that is deemed to have been founded in 1992. Just like in Brazil, the offset program is aimed at establishing joint ventures at the local sector with those from