ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Management entails a lot of activities which are very critical in the management of a company or a country. However, management styles differ in several countries because of the diverse cultural practices in these regions. Undertaking business in different business environments is challenging; it is inherent for organizational heads to learn business cultures practiced in different regions. Several well established organizations such as multinationals operate in different countries and regions. These organizations undertake extensive research on cultural diversity in the regions they operate and the effect of culture on doing business in the specified region. Cross-cultural effectiveness is critical in the development and sustenance of business activities in different regions globally. Many factors are employed in achieving cross-cultural effectiveness, but the most important of these factors include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Managers and directors vested with the duty of managing their organizations have to understand the culture of their customers and employees for effective management. This essay is going to explore the development cross-cultural effectiveness in two diverse countries and deduce how different management styles are used in achieving this task. The essay will focus on achieving cross-cultural effectiveness in Saudi Arabia and China because of their diverse cultures. Planning Planning is the firs most important aspect that must be considered in undertaking a business venture. In examining cultural differences, we must look into the cultural history of each country especially when we are assessing our business goals. Saudi Arabia and China have different cultural systems thus necessitate mangers to analyze and understand these cultures before doing business in these countries. Saudi Arabia is country controlled in a monarchical style of leadership with strong religion emphasis and influence of Islam. As a result, Islamic laws (Shariah laws) are used in controlling the country. Saudi Arabia leadership tends to be centralized for the reason that power is controlled by influential people in society such as the monarchy (Bannon, 2003). The country relies on Arabic as the official language but there is the influence of other internationally recognized languages. The major cultural impediments to business management are religion and power. In the planning procedure, an organization with interest in undertaking business in Saudi Arabia should study Shariah laws and the Arabic language. Saudi Arabian people tend to socialize based on the family systems and people are friendly, hospitable, and welcoming to foreigners. Foreign organizations should come up with strategies where managerial power is concentrated with respect to Islamic laws (McGregor, 2007). Chinese people practice Confucianism as their religion while their political systems are based on socialism. The Chinese have a culture of protectionism while power and control is vested with the government. Business culture in Chin
Introduction Yota fashion an organization that deals with textiles and clothing of individuals of all ages. Owing to increased competition, marketers are struggling to expand market share and boost sales of Yota fashion. According to Kotler (2001), marketers should be creative and persuasive so that they do not only increase consumer awareness, but also increase their willingness to purchase the products. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to examine competitive environment of Yota fashion and explains how it can manage competition in selling its products. Competitors The main consumers of Yota fashion designs are usually trendy, dynamic, and gregarious individuals, who are both males and females. However, females exert a higher dominance than males in the fashion industry. Consumers of Yota fashion designs are always on the lookout for new fashion. Therefore, Yota fashion needs to be alert and conscious so that it remains in the market and produce designs that are in line with the interests of diverse customers. Since majority of our consumers have increased levels of information on issues relating to technology, education, and social factors, they are bound to change their preferences in a manner that reflects the global dynamics . Goworek (2001)
Waiting in line has been by far the most annoying experience of being a customer; however, it is also an inevitable one, especially in the environment of the global economy, where an organization needs to cater to the needs of hundreds of customers on a daily basis. The company that I used to work for a couple of years ago was represented by a particular type of queue, i.e., the virtual one. To be more exact, when trying to reach the support members via the chat provided at the organization’s official site, clients had to wait in an e-queue until their question could be answered. Despite the innovative approach, the given tool proved to be a rather frustrating experience, as it did not allow estimating the amount of time that the support team could reach their clients in (Strowes, 2013). Based on the experience mentioned above, one may assume that the waiting time is the key feature of the queue that needs to be measured first in order to identify the possible issues regarding customer satisfaction rate sand the means of improving the current queuing system. Indeed, a closer look at the subject matter will reveal that the transfer from the real-life queuing to the electronic one has not eliminated one of the most problematic issues, i.e., the inconsistent and rather unpredictable waiting time. An analysis of the above-mentioned experience has shown that the time allegedly left for the support to contact the customer is rarely correct; instead, customers often have to wait longer than stated in the corresponding box at the firm’s site. As a result, customer satisfaction rates drop significantly. Therefore, it is essential that the measurement tools allowing for the evaluation of time could be introduced into the specified setting (Elizandro & Taha, 2012). Designing projects in the setting of a certain organization means being able to compromise and locate the tools for leveling out possible issues in the costs to incur, the time to spare, and the quality of the company’s performance (Kerzner, 2014). Herein the significance of a trade-off lies. Defined as a tool for managing the contradicting objectives that may emerge in the course of building a project, the Time-Cost-Quality Tradeoff Model (Hu & He, 2014) helps improve the project implications and increase the chances for succeeding, especially when it comes to operating in the environment of the global economy. The need to increase the time and cost required for managing a project due to the necessity to improve its quality can be viewed as a pri
Background information on the company The tang dynasty is a chain of restaurants that specializes in the provision of Chinese desserts. They have branches in many parts of the world. Some of the dishes that can be found in the various restaurants include Ja Leung, Glutinous rice wrapped maltersers, carrot cake, steamed custard bun, mushroom Chee Cheong fun, and fried crispy chicken. The company is currently involved in an expansion. The expansion will involve the setting up of more restaurants in potential cities and regions in Europe. Although the expansion is not limited to one continent, the current focus of the company has been set on Europe. The company is looking to open a number of restaurants in the cities that will stand out as being the most financially viable. The level of financially viability of a given city will dictate the number of restaurants to be established. The more financially viable a city is, the higher the chances of increased investment by the Tang Dynasty (Steinberg 1996, p. 96). The expansion will also present the company with a chance to work on its weaknesses. The company will look to increase its viability through strengthening the weak areas. The company is also set to conduct a market analysis on the proposed region and the candidate cities. This will ensure that the company has a detailed overview of what the market holds with respect to its expansion. It is vital for the company to know what it is getting itself into with regards to investment. The market study on the European region will also help the market to understand the level of viability that exists in each region that stands out as a potential candidate for expansion. PEST Analysis of the country’s environment Before any organization invents in a certain market, conducting an analysis is very vital. The business environment is a vital factor to take into consideration in an examination. The marketing environment of a business is made up of the macro-environment, the internal environment, and the micro-environment. PEST analysis is an scrutiny on the various factors that influence the setting up and running of any business organization. The factors analyzed by in the PEST analysis include political factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, and technological factors. The pest analysis is imperative as it looks at all the factors that are imperative to take into consideration in the establishment and running of business. (Steves 2009, p.23) In the analysis of the political factors there are imperative considerations that are analyzed in details when conducting a PEST analysis. It is imperative to note that the political arena has a great influence on the behavior and spending power of the consumers. Political factors also influence other businesses both in the short and long term. Due to the interplay p
The modern world could be characterized by the blistering development of market and market relations. Nowadays, people accept the only way of the development of the economy and try to devote a great deal of attention to the given pattern. The fact is the peculiarities of the development of society resulted in the creation of the conditions beneficial for the development of the market. It helped people to become richer and run their own business, trying to guarantee their existence and prosperous future. However, one should remember the fact that society has passed a long way in order to achieve the needed result. The second half of the 20th century could be taken as the most important stage in the process of evolution of market relations (Horwitz 2012). Analyzing the given sphere, it should be said that the blistering development of market relations became possible due to the unique combination of various conditions. First of all, having passed through WW II, society realized the fact that a powerful economy is key to the successful development of the state. Moreover, people also realized the fact that they should be given the opportunity to choose their own way of development. Thus, it could also be taken as the age of the blistering evolution of capitalism. Being one of the main forms of the development of Western society and its economy, it also moved to the eastern regions of our world. However, it was influenced by Muslim culture and obtained some new unique features. Market relations and capitalism became the main trends of the modern era and a great number of scientists devoted their attention to the investigation of the given issue. Thus, Karl Polanyi is one of these very scientists. Being interested in the investigation of market relations, he tried to outline his own ideas connected with the given issue. Thus, he also promoted the growth of the level of interest in the issue of capitalism and market relations (Mayhew n.d). However, he was sure that the conflict between market relations and social values became the main force of the evolution of these issues. In one of his works The Great Transformation , Polanyi tends to prove the idea that the given conflict promotes the further transformation of market relations and society for them to be able to cooperate (Polanyi 2001). Polanyis ideas about the conflict between market relations and values appreciated in society could be referred to as the process of the development of capitalism in terms of Islam. The fact is that in countries that adhere to Islam social and religious values have always had very strong positions. That is why, the market relations and capitalism had to adapt to these conditions. The peculiarities of the culture of people living in the region resulted in the appearance of various forms of market relations, such as hawala, which are based on trust and regulated by some moral laws (Tripp 2006). These models have great efficiency in the given region because all individuals who comprise the system adhere to the same principle
Theory The ideas of social exclusion and inclusion are connected with poverty, discrimination, and other forms of social inequality. Social exclusion can be described as “the official procedures and everyday practices that function to produce, fortify, and justify economic, spatial, socio-political, and subjective divides” (Good Gingrich & Lightman, 2015, p. 100). According to the recent findings, the most vulnerable groups include disabled people and racial minorities, such as migrants (Smith, Galloway, Jackman, Danson, & Whittam, 2019). People living in disadvantaged areas are also subject to exclusion. Other studies suggest that discrimination can be based on any demographic feature like age or gender. The problems connected with social exclusion and its consequences are studied in the framework of behavioral science. This field focuses on people’s behavior and how it can be influenced (Sunstein, 2016). The most important notions related to the discussed issue are coercion and influence. According to Sunstein (2016), coercion is a direct act of making people do something. For example, making an employee do a task, which is beyond their responsibilities, under the threat of dismissal, is an example of coercion. On the contrary, influence is an act of leaving a choice for the individual to agree or decline a certain condition. In behavior science, social exclusion can be seen as a way of influencing an individual’s decisions, either deliberately or involuntarily. It is necessary to understand the difference between the three major elements of social exclusion: economic, social, and cultural capital. Economic exclusion is referred to as “dispossession of economic capital” and is defined by an individual’s level of wealth (Good Gingrich & Lightman, 2015, p. 101). The social aspect is connected with an individual’s place in society. Cultural exclusion refers to the peculiarities of a person’s origin, such as the native language. The issue of social exclusion is common in different spheres of life, from education to employment. The present paper focuses on the exclusion of customers by companies, which is a widespread issue in many countries. The dispossession of economic, social, or cultural capital may be used as a means of influence on customers’ behavior. The discussed theory allows defining the nature and ways of leveraging social exclusion in customer relations. Tentative Answer Provided In different periods, the attitude of companies towards their customers varied. As Su, Jiang, Chen, and DeWall (2017) emphasize, social exclusion has become a tool for influencing customers’ behavior. According to Chen, Wan, and Levy (2016), a human’s common trait is that when individuals feel that their particular need is deprived, they seek alternative ways to satisfy this need. It is possible to suggest that a company may conduct behavioral research and appeal to negative emotions caused by social exclusion. For example, unpleasant experiences of a person, such as racial discrimination or divorce, may influence the choice of a product or a service. In particular, social exclusion is widely used
While discussing the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder, one should become familiar with some basic points, concerning the symptoms and causes of the disorder. As it was mentioned in a case background, Madam Y was diagnosed with “obsessive behaviors of checking things and obsessive thoughts.” OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts as well as by repetitive behaviors. It is well-known that people who suffer from OCD frequently perform certain tasks to seek relief from an anxiety. Thus, according to a case background, Madam Y “would makeup over and over until she felt satisfied, she was tired during the process but she couldn’t stop her behavior.” The citation is considered to be another example which confirms the diagnosis. Thus, people who suffer from OCD must do certain compulsive rituals to prevent unpleasant event from taking place. At least, they believe that their actions will help them to avoid the situations they are afraid of. Thus, certain rituals are considered to be the so-called escape from the obsessional brooding. The most widespread obsessive thoughts include fear of germs, fear to cause pain or harm, some violent thoughts, focus on moral ideas, fear of losing some things, etc. Madam Y’s obsessions are in the category fear of losing some things: “She is insecure and anxiety, she is always keeping a handbag in her hands even sleep, because she worried she would lost the money or stolen by others.” The most widespread compulsive behaviors are double-checking of things, doing senseless things to be satisfied with smth, washing or cleaning all the time, arranging things, etc. Madam Y’s compulsives are in the category doing senseless things to be satisfied with smth: “she won’t switch on the light and close the windows to avoid touching with all kinds of lights in order to keep white.” The causes of the disorder are also to be taken into consideration. While choosing the treatment, one is to analyze both psychological and biological factors which influence the disorder appearance. Madam Y’s OCD is based on psychological factor. For instance, it is said that Madam Y’s father “was easy to get hot temper and would blaming and shouted to Madam Y.” The dominant character of the Madam Y’ father as well as his brute actions and coarse words gave rise to Madam Y’ complexes development, including “low self-esteem and lack of self-confidence”, as it was mentioned in a case background. So, time is ripe for treatment. There are several ways to treat Madam Y’s obsessive behaviors. On the one hand, it is a behavioral treatment which is to be used. Thus, exposure and response prevention is recognized to be of great importance as a therapeutic effect is based on the fears confronting. The second way is called person-centered psychotherapy and considered to be more appropriate method to treat OCD. M. Cooper says that “person-centered therapy is actualizing its potential in creative and original growth, forging new pathways and understanding.” (WAPCEPT, 2007) PCT is
Introduction Currently, the successful wireless communication and exchange of data and messages are possible with the help of Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) technology that is actively used in social and business life (Gupta, 2015). However, today, it is possible to speak about the development of the more recent technology that is appropriate to exchange information, and it is known as Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology (Jadhav, Patil, Singh, & Patel, 2015). The idea of developing Li-Fi technology was introduced by Harald Haas, the German expert in communications, in 2011. Haas accentuated the innovativeness and efficiency of Li-Fi because of using light to transmit a signal (Jaiswal & Chopade, 2013). Therefore, much attention should be paid to examining the features of this recent communication technology in contrast to Wi-Fi. It is important to discuss the problem associated with the use of wireless communication technologies, accentuate the goals and significance of this study, present research questions, and review the recent literature on the topic of using Li-Fi. Problem Formulation The problem is in the fact that modern organizations require high-speed and widely available communication technologies that should also be secure and efficient in terms of the used resources (Rawat, Aggarwal, & Passi, 2014). The speed of the Internet communicated with the help of Wi-Fi is comparably low, costs are high, and security is limited (Gupta, 2015). Therefore, organizations are interested in using new technologies instead of Wi-Fi. Still, even though Li-Fi is regarded as one of the most recent and high-speed communication technologies, its advantages need to be examined in detail (Bhosale & Vijaykumar, 2016). Furthermore, it is important to pay attention to exploring limitations of this technology to conclude regarding its appropriateness to be used in organizations. Goals and Significance of the Study This study aims at identifying the advantages and disadvantages of Li-Fi in comparison to Wi-Fi and analyzing possible benefits available to organizations that use Li-Fi. The study is significant because it will provide answers to the questions on the appropriateness of using Li-Fi technology in modern organizational environments. After all, this tendency has become popular in the world (Rawat et al., 2014). Furthermore, the study is significant to provide a complex overview of areas where the technology can be used with the focus on associated advantages and disadvantages to influence the decision of organizations regarding the use of Li-Fi (Bhosale & Vijaykumar, 2016). Research Questions To address the study’s goal, it is necessary to find answers to the following research questions:   * Research Question # 1 (RQ1): What are the advantages and disadvantages of Li-Fi technol