ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The precautionary principle adopted by UN Charter is very vital for the protection of consumers before drug and food substances are supplied to the market. The principle states that lack of scientific evidence should not be used as an excuse for failing to take action to prevent the occurrence of an injury. In line with this theory, the USA government has adopted a regulation that has established a procedure for evaluation and mitigation of risk emanating from new pharmaceutical products before reaching the market. (Aitken 2009) This process is achieved through a risk management system.The approach involves a set of benchmark actions and interventions that are intended to recognize, distinguish, prevent or curtail risks associated with medical products. The major aim of the system is to ensure that the identifiable risks in a medical product are minimized for safety of the population while increasing the benefits to users. The process also involves the assessment of products efficacy in the purpose it was intended for. (Lilly 2009) The Food and Drug Administration Agency has stipulated several procedural regulations that ensure that the new products in the market are safe. This is achieved by immediately evaluating the drugs. This is meant to determine the efficiency of a given dose as per the standards. The phase also includes meeting with the FDA personnel who ensure that the given end point requirements are reached by the manufacturer. (European Medicines Agency 2005) The FDA also issues an application form called New Drug Application. From the form, the toxicology process planned by the pharmaceutical company is evaluated to determine its effectiveness. According to the WHO requirements, the company must give detailed information on its production procedure such as the applied technology and raw material sources all of which must be approved by the authority. (European Medicines Agency 2005) The next phase basically involves clinical trials and laboratory screening. The process can be expensive incase of screening failure or if it involves complicated end points such as osteoporosis assessment unlike simple ones like cholesterol measurements. To ensure competency in the process, most companies will hire a research organization to handle project study. This is due to the fact that some of the instrumentation required for dexa scanning for osteoporosis may not be readily available. To ensure integrity in the process, the regulatory agency has a guideline that governs th
Abstract Purpose . The study is aimed at determining the factors, which Chinese customers are guided by when choosing electric cars, as well as defining an efficient branding strategy for the BMWi product. Design . The research was carried out as a quantitative study, as the nature of the relations between the key variables required quantification of the research results. Methodology . The research was conducted as a quantitative analysis of the data acquired in the course of questionnaire answers analysis. Findings . According to the key outcomes of the study, the main reason for the green policy of BMW in general and the introduction of the BMWi vehicle in particular have been inefficient so far due to the lack of connection built by BMW between the customers and the brand. Research Limitation. The study was limited in terms of the number of participants, which could be engaged in the survey. Since it was practically impossible to embrace every single social tier, the outcomes of the research turned out to be rather approximate. Herein the key limitation of the study lies. Practical Implications. The practical significance of the study is defined by the effects, which the information in question will have on the BMW Company. By understanding the motives of the customers, the firm will be able to create a new branding approach for promoting its product successfully. Keywords. Electric vehicle, environmentalism, BMWi. Introduction The increased competition rates that can be witnessed in the environment of the global economy in the current age of informational technology define the branding approaches used by companies to a considerable degree. Learning about the brand strategies, which companies resort to in order to cater to the needs of the target
There is no doubt that modern movieland is ready to meet your every need. What kind of films do you prefer? Ones that calm you down and make you feel the sorrow, or ones that make you break into a cold sweat and shake with fear? If the latter is about you, you must have heard about Lights Out , a horror movie that came out a few months ago. This movie from James Wan received plenty of enthusiastic reviews due to its cast of characters, its sustained style, and the key idea that sounds familiar to everyone: childhood fears. Is it worth watching? Let’s see! The movie tells us the story of a family that has to deal with the mysterious creatures generated by the power of horror. Everything seems to be ordinary in the light of day, but as the night falls, an unknown terror comes out. The main female character, named Rebecca, has been experiencing strange hallucinations since her childhood. Leaving her mother’s house, she believes that she has managed to conquer her childhood fears, but it turns out to be just an illusion. Rebecca feels trapped every time it gets dark, and she is a prisoner kept in a world of delusion, a world of soul-chilling terror that leaves her only at the crack of dawn. The fears that used to make her blood turn to ice are still alive; they are waiting patiently for the right moment to appear again and take her back to the cell of terror and despair. They are in the driver’s seat when the lights are off. Rebecca’s mother, Sophie, experiences a collapse after seeing what is happening to her dear daughter. Rebecca’s younger brother then gets carried away as he begins to see the creatures that made a hell out of Rebecca’s life. With the lapse of time, her fears become more and more obsessive, and the only way out for Rebecca is to fight to the bitter end. Trying to solve the puzzle, she realizes that friendly settlement is impossible. She is dead set on saving her family from death, but will she manage to do it before it is too late? I believe this movie to be quite an interesting one as it touches upon the topic of the irrational childhood fears that were experienced by most people. If you find it to be more appropriate for comedy rather than a horror film, I would recommend that you remember your childhood fears and imagine all of them coming back together in the darkness. What is more, the movie was highly appreciated by audiences as its box sales revenue appeared to be enormous when compared to its modest budget. As for the cast, I enjoyed their acting as it looked very convincing. The film itself was made by certain traditions of horror movies, such as specific sounds, many jump cuts, and subdued colors. It is impossible to film a movie that will not be called a dime a dozen at least once, and I realize that Lights Out may appear to be boring for some of the fans of horror films. In general, I would recommend watching this movie to those who are looking for something mysterious and exciting. Works Cited Lights Out. Ex. Prod. James Wan. USA: Warner Bros. Pictures. 2016. DVD.
Introduction The behavior of people in society today goes over and above the acceptable standards by the norms. The social life of a society is usually characterized by people who conform to the norms of society and the ones who are deviant. Deviant behavior can be thought of as any unusual way of life that society does not approve. In defining deviant behavior, there are very vital theories that are used in giving its definitions greater meaning. One of the theories of deviant behavior is control theory. Control theory defines explanations that talks about why people do not deviate rather than why they deviate (Stark, 1). Control Theory Using control theory in explaining deviant behavior is vital since it talks about why most people are not deviant rather than why people are deviant. Control theory in most cases answers questions that are related to normal behavior. Normal behavior is shaped by the social control measures that are imposed on members of the society. When using control theory in defining deviant behavior, conformity to norms of the society is treated as being a problem rather than deviance. From another viewpoint, deviant behavior in society is more likely to occur when the controls to conformity are weaker or are non-existing. Control theory dwells mostly on behaviors that conform to the norms in society rather than the deviant behaviors. From this perspective, it can be noted that it explains deviant behaviors on why people do not engage in deviant acts or criminal acts. To this effect, it is vital in explaining deviance behavior since it focuses mostly on controls that lean towards social and personal attitudes that prevent engagements in criminal acts. This is so because the social and personal attitudes are what guides a person in choosing a path that he/she can follow in society (Stark, 1). Control theory explains deviant behavior at all levels in the society since people possess two systems that control decisions that they make against their desire to deviate from the normal way of life. Each person’s life is controlled by inner and outer controls. The inner controls take into account one’s sense of morality and conscience. People fear any punishment that accompanies their acts. The outer controls consider the people in one’s life who are against deviant behaviors. These outer controls influence the course that one takes in his life since they act as role models. Due to this fact, one would not like to disappoint them by engaging in deviant acts that would not please them. Deviant behavior considers several factors such as age. In categorizing deviant behavior in the age bracket, it is notable that young people aged between mid-teens and early twenties commit most of the crimes in our society. People tend to alleviate crime, as they grow old. Another category that helps in explaining deviant behavior is the social class that
Mind Map Literature Summary Table The established evidence shows that the use of Xenical with lifestyle interventions can lead to better results; at the same time, the side effects of Xenical need to be taken into consideration as well. Some of the authors point out that online communities have a particular perception of the medication; it is seen as a “lifestyle drug” that is regarded as a reflection of their image and life. However, the evidence of such a perception is limited and needs to be investigated further to understand if it is applicable. A positive correlation between the use of Xenical and the reduced chance of diabetes incidence was also established. A study conducted by Al-Tabakha, Obaid, Fahelelbom, and Sadek (2016) on Xenical and other (illegal) medications for weight loss                                                    The authors conclude that Xenical is the only medication that is approved by the FDA and sold legally in the UAE; they also argue it is quite effective, especially when supported by a specific diet (Al-Tabakha et al., 2016) A study conducted by Fox, Ward, and O’Rourke (2005) about the link between medications for weight loss and anorexia                                                                The authors claim that online communities perceive Xenical as a lifestyle drug (improves life and users’ experience); therefore, sensible and reflective approach to it is not always granted (Fox et al., 2005)                A study on the connection between obesity and diabetes type 2 where participants were treated with Xenical and lifestyle interventions to avoid the incidence of type 2 diabetes.  The authors state that Xenical and lifestyle interventions produced greater weight loss and reduced the chance of diabetes incidence (Torgerson, Hauptman, Boldrin, & Sjöström, 2004)                                           A study that examined the effect of orlistat on obese adults with diabetes also supported the evidence that there are several side effects of this medication.                     Aldekhail, Logue, McLoone, and Morrison (2015) claim that Xenical can cause abdominal pain, incontinence, and defecation urgency.                                                                                               A study conducted by Nwobodo (2015) on the toxicity profile of the medication shows that Xenical can be toxic.                                                                     Nwobodo (2015) stresses that the use of Xenical can lead to the incidence of renal stone formation.                                                                                                                             A study of antiobesity medicine shows that Xenical can be effective but has specific side effects.                                                                                 Del Re, Frayne,
Introduction ‘Boardwalk Empire’ is a television series program set in Atlantic City, New Jersey during the time when sale, manufacture and transportation of alcohol and its components were prohibited by the federal government. This was between the years 1920 to 1933. However, despite the ban, clandestine brewers and alcohol sale outlets were operating with the blessings of corrupt police officers and state officials who were extorting money from the owners of the business units. The show stars Steve Buscemi as Enock ‘Nucky’ Thompson who is a corrupt treasurer in the North Atlantic County in New Jersey, this position made him the most powerful political figure in his county and therefore he played a major role in deliberating on matters concerning his community. As per the movie, this made him a much sought after politician in the region and he meets several ‘important’ figures in his work including mafia groups who ruled migrant communities at the time, politicians, security and federal agents. These people had to look for him because he aided them in ensuring that their businesses ran smoothly in the county. In season 2, episode 2 titled ‘Ourselves Alone’, Nucky gets out of jail and detects major realignments and merges among various mafia heads for power. He finds that Commodore has emerged as the kingpin in the county with major defections happening in his favor, though Chalky is still serving his time in county jail. He immediately embarks on bringing up his business which had been grounded because of his absence helped by Margaret. Several concepts or themes are highlighted in this episode of the show, the main one being violence. Other themes are race, corruption, ethnicity and moral decay. The 1920’s was considered as a confused decade because of the lifestyle that was characteristic at the time. With relative peace being achieved at the end of the First World War, the society especially the youth gained some level of freedom and they could easily voice their concerns. This era was characterized by increased drug and alcohol use by the masses; clubbing was the order of the day as various rock and musical groups came up to fuel these developments. All these led to moral degradation as illegal drug traders could easily do their trade with the knowledge of the police and federal agents who they bribed handsomely. Concept definition and explications in the Movie (Season 2, Episode 2) Race Race is simply defined as a group of people in a specific geographical setting who share common genetically-passed features which distinguishes them from other groups. It is a group of people sharing common history or nationality. Boardwalk Empire is set in a cosmopolitan part of America where t
Introduction Macbeth was written by William Shakespeare in the year 1606, an era that was marked by the English Renaissance. This character and story have been recreated effectively by Christopher Morrow and Sidney Lamb in their textbook titled Cliff’s Complete Macbeth. Macbeth is essentially the story of a character who lives his life in a state of confusion to the degree that the only constant in his life changes. This tragic hero shows the constant change in his relationships, interactions, and above all, his level of mortality. This essay deals with the character changes in Macbeth as demonstrated in Cliff’s Complete Macbeth. Main body As far as relationships are concerned, Macbeth’s once-close ally Duncan is reduced to the pawn in his game of furthering his and his wife’s ambitions. In this book of witches and prophecies, Macbeth’s wife is the greatest evil who is constantly motivating him to do wrong and act according to the prophecies of the witches. She takes out twisted meanings of the prophecies so as to suit their own interests and thus poisons the mind of Macbeth to a great extent. It is imperative to mention here that Macbeth’s wife acts as a strong catalyst in the change of the character (Morrow et al, 2000; pp.1-29). Yet, Macbeth changes a second time upon committing the act of murder. Having been convinced by the clever words of his wife, lady Macbeth, he plunges headlong into the act of preparing to kill and finally murdering Duncan with the strong conviction that he is doing the right thing. However, as is human nature, once he has committed the crime, he realizes that he has made a grave mistake as he immediately remembers the close relationship and spirit of brotherhood he shared with Duncan. He realizes that he has broken someone’s trust and that the person in question cannot come back to forgive him for this act (Morrow et al, 2000; pp.30-63). Upon committing such a great folly, Macbeth becomes a man who lives in constant fear. He lives under the impression that everyone close to him suspects him. This attitude change is extended towards Banquo, who was once a close friend of Macbeth. Things, however, change after the murder of Duncan when Macbeth lives under the fear that Banquo will one day turn around and reveal to the whole world that Macbeth is a wrongdoer and a murderer. This fear comes from the sense of the irrational line of thought that a person follows upon committing a crime and realizing that it has all been a mistake. This fear takes the shape of relief once he sees Banquo’s murder as well (Morrow et al, 2000; pp. 64-89). Conclusion Macbeth’s character also changes as far as his wife is concerned. Having started out with pure passion and love, their relationship falls into despair following a series of murders that leave Macbeth fearful more than anyone else. The prime fa
Marks and Spencer is one the UK’s leading retailers, offering high quality, great value clothing as well as home products and outstanding quality food. The company employs over 75,000 people and has over 600 stores in the UK and over 2754 in 39 territories around the world. The group revenues of 2006/7 were $ 8.5 billion. The marketing policies of marks and Spencer have led to introduction of new promotional brands with corresponding logo. The company’s main brand is now sold online through its online and in store merchandising that instrumental in the company’s recent resurgence in the success of a new clothing campaign of both young and celebrated models, TV Ads campaigns on food range (Martinson, 2006) M&S has launched new online products online inline with a new web store in partnership with Amazon, one of the world’s largest online retailers. Customers can now view their M&S accounts online and has been reported to have $100 million as revenue. The store formats are numerous with most selling select merchandise (Julia 2006) they also recently opened stores in locations outside factory outlet centre, both in Retail Park and high street environment. They have also opened international stores in Asia, Canada, Ireland, Hong Kong, Kabul etc. Training policy include training staff on customer service techniques using customized program “their service style”. They also have graduate scheme to fast track candidates to commercial managers which have boosted customers and training..they also identify training need i.e. flatter organisational structure results in many employees with many jobs thus contributing to staff’s higher expectations and gaining the corporation. This trying leads to response to business needs (succession management) marks and Spencer develops existing staff from within the organisation. Reviewing performance/appraisals takes place when employees are given rating for the skills and competencies shown over the past. The feed back helps employees identify how they perform in relation with the skills and competencies. Economic analysis An investor (Neil) typically starts evaluating an economy. This is because of the hope that an accurate forecast and examination of economic activity will provide the basis for accurate stock market predictions and indicate which industries are likely to prosper. There is need to understand the expected interest rates, monetary & fiscal policy, government and consumer spending patterns and other economic data. There is also need to understand business cycles. Most companies are influenced to some degree by the general level of economic activity. Government policy focuses on monetary and fiscal policy; the aspects broadly touch stable prices, business stability at high levels of production, sustained real growth in host countries GDP, and balance in international balance of payments (
Introduction Technology has shaped the trajectory of the development of humanity and made globalization possible. No geographic or time borders prevent people’s communication or interaction, which facilitates the development of economy, science, medicine, and other spheres. However, the dark side of this process is associated with security issues as offenders also have a plethora of instruments to cross borders, which is specifically dangerous due to the rise of extremism and global terrorism (Smyth, 2019). Governments have to address a serious issue as they need to ensure the free flow of people and ideas, but they still need to enhance their people’s security. Air traffic is one of the most sensitive domains due to the pace of people’s transfer and its increasing role in travel (Prenzler, 2018). Airports have become the gates that may safeguard or undermine the security of a country or even several countries. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen the safety of these facilities via the utilization of advanced technologies and the corresponding practices. The present paper dwells upon the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on airport security and border crossing, as well as potential advancements in this area. The Fourth Industrial Revolution The Fourth Industrial Revolution is associated with the penetration of technology into all spheres of human life. This revolution is related to machine-to-machine automation, nanotechnology, and gene sequencing, among other technological breakthroughs, and is referred to as “the fusion of these technologies and their interaction across the physical, digital and biological domains” (as cited in Skilton & Hovsepian, 2017, p. 10). Skilton and Hovsepian (2017) add that these transformations in technology are “a part of a wider reshaping of all industries and a new genre of economic, social and societal change” (p. 9). The term was coined in 2016 by the German government that made Industrie 4.0 a part of their state strategy of development (Skilton & Hovsepian, 2017). The most widely used advances the Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought include the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, nanotechnology, micro- and macro-scale technology. All these novelties are employed to enhance the security of airports across the globe. Recent Advances in Airport Security and Border Crossing It has been acknowledged that 9/11 had one of the most influential effects on the development of airports, as well as other aspects of urban infrastructure. Governments recognized the major vulnerabilities of air traffic and started developing new strategies to ensure people’s (and countries’) security (Prenzler, 2018). Some of the primary concerns that can jeopardize airport operations and border crossing include but are not confi