The Abbasid era of caliphs descended from al-‘Abbas who was an uncle to Prophet Muhammad. Al-‘Abbas was a follower of Muhammad hence the Abbasids regarded themselves to be his heir more than the Umayyads. The Umayyads on the other hand came from Umayya, which was a wealthy clan. They had no relation to Muhammad and they were forever against him. In the year 750, Abbasid conquered Umayyad by adapting Shia Islam. Following their victory, they changed the capital of Damascus to become Baghdad. They believed that they were able to overthrow Umayyad due to their corruption and wickedness. (Kennedy, 1986, p.152) Two Islamic inhabitants who were not happy with the status quo established the Abbasid caliphate. These were the non-Arabic Muslims and the Shi’ites. They were able to get hold of power because they depended on outsiders who had come to settle in the land. These outsiders otherwise known as “Malawi” were people who had decided to convert their faith to Islam. Since they were not originally from that place, they could not be included in the closely related Arab society. Mostly, they were termed as second-class citizens despite the fact that they had adopted the Islamic faith. (Hamilton, 1982, p.52) The Abbasids rise in the 19 th century is believed to have brought about self-rule. It also helped in preserving the society. It portrayed the end of a prolonged conflict between Arabs from Syria that was controlled by Umayyads and the Iranian kingdom. There is belief that the Islamic government in the era of the Abbasids was more Iranized. Their rise led to the formation of a fresh political and social way of life in which the Arab culture was substituted by well defined and complete structure. Research shows that the conflict that occurred between the revolts and the Umayyads was not to re-establish the Iranian control but to reinstate pristine Islam and the caliphs selected from the house of the prophet Hashimites. (Muhlberger, 1999) The Abbasid leadership took up their own titles and they claimed that the time for the messiah to come had arrived. Although the messiah did not come, the Abbasid changed the Islamic status that favored the Arabs and restored a society that was well structured politically with its own administration. The Abbasid culture and administration was thorough with a clear system of community associations, well-defined military and a provincial administration that was not corrupt. This meant that the governors were not chosen from privileged families. They also put in place a system that employed even the citizens that were not Arabs. The system of governance that was created was very different from what the Muslims had experienced from the previous regimes. (Hamilton, 1982, p.53) The Abbasids built a splendid capital in Baghdad in order to legalize their remarkable ideas. The city developed into an urban place that was wide and heavily inhabited the whole of the eighteenth century. Fifty-five years later, a royal centre, was built in Samarra that in many ways changed the land of Iraq. Most of the people lived in the key cities and municipalities suggesting a remarkable change from agriculture to city surroundings. (Kennedy, 1986, p.154) Due to the increase in urbanization, many Jews who were involved in agriculture and