ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Managing an airport is technical as it comprises of a massive variety of systems, rules and regulations, workers, facilities, and users. Operations are usually intricate, finely-tuned balance between demand and volume, customer experience and the service cost, and the anticipated and the unexpected. The success of an airport is defined by its capacity to be the place where cargos and commuters travel to and from other airstrips. Many difficulties encountered in planning are caused by the size and diversity, and through controlled by laws, every airport has its specific issues as each is an independent decision maker. This paper discusses the issues of airport capacity and delay and the related causes. Airport Capacity and Delay Delay is a key concern of airport operators and users associated with flights operating out of schedules due to prolonged aircraft queues before landing or take-off. The delays usually culminate in augmented costs of operations and wastage of passengers’’ time. Lack of capacity is a term commonly used to refer to the cause of the airport delay (Santos et al., 2017). It implies that facilities such as taxiways, runways and gates are insufficient and cannot accommodate the passengers at the peak of demand. Practically, a flight is said to have delayed if it departures or arrives fifteen minutes past the scheduled time. For instance, according to Santos et al. (2017), in the year 2015, about 17.5% of the scheduled flights in the United States had delays, and about 21.0% experienced the same in the European market. This translates into over 2800 daily delayed U.S flights and 6000 flights in Europe (Santos et al., 2017). Therefore, there has been adrift in the literature of airline disruption management to try and assimilate the management of several resources including the passengers, crew, and the aircraft. Though the task itself is challenging, the main objective is to minimize the operational costs, recovery cost due to disruption, and reduction of passenger delays (Sternberg et al., 2017). Essentially, flight cancelling, re-timing, swapping, and making requests for the usage of surplus ferrying may serve well to deter aircraft delays. Factors Affecting Capacity and Delay An airport capacity is not constant with time, but varies considerably through the year or day due to related operational and physical factors. Airspace and airfield geometry, weather, air traffic procedures, and traffic mix are some of the factors causing the capacity variance (Petersen, 2018). A figure allocated to the airfield capacity represents an average which is either based on experience of operating or a presumed array of conditions. The variability is more detrimental to the operation as compared to the average value (Petersen, 2018). The strategies for a successful management may include developing ways of compensating
Article summary The article “Hose Tripe: Banning Hosepipe Use is a Poor Solution to a Water Shortage” explores the issue of water shortage in the U.K. and measures taken by the government to end the crisis. In addition, it explores alternative solutions that could be more effective that the ban. A severe water shortage prompted the government to implement a ban on hosepipes as a measure to encourage water conservation (Par 2). The author argues that the ban could affect the economy negatively. High demand and low supply is likely to raise the price of water. The aim of the ban is to reduce water consumption without affecting the price (Par 2). People are likely circumvent the law in order to find alternative ways of using water without hosepipes. The ban renders flower watering and car cleaning illegal activities. Anyone caught using a hosepipe would be liable to a fine of $1,600 (Par 1). The author argues that the ban is ineffective because it does not control consumption. People could use equipment like buckets and jerry cans to wash cars and water lawns. Tim Leunig, a researcher at the Center Forum argues that it is important for the government to offer incentives to large water consumers like farmers in order to reduce consumption (Par 5). He suggests that the government should compensate individuals for every liter of water conserved. Leunig adds that the water conserved could be sold to consumers at a higher price. He offers another solution to the water shortage problem. He says that if water consumption by individuals was controlled using meters, then the price could be adjusted appropriately depending on availability (Par 5). The idea is viable but expensive. Its implementation would involve installation of water meters in every household. Even though implementation of the idea would cost a lot of money, it would solve the water shortage problem. Article analysis Key economic terms mentioned in the article include supply, demand, and price. They are mentioned in connection with the problem of water shortage. Water shortage had caused high demand and low supply. These factors have resulted in an increase of water price. The information covered in the material has several effects on the country’s economy. The water shortage is likely to cause high demand because of low supply. High demand will raise the price of water. The ban might not be effective because people are likely to find ways to circumvent the law and use water as they wish. The solution to the shortage provide in the article is viable. Installing water meters in every household would help to monitor consumption and set the most appropriate price for water. The problem is experienced in many countries in the world because of poor consumption and water pollution. Low supply causes high demand, which consequently results in high prices. High prices affect the economy because they destabilize the balance between supply and demand. I agree with the solution offered in the article. The ban should have targeted water consumption. Hosepipes ban cannot solve the problem because people will use buckets
For a long time in history, test-taking and lesson-learning methods have been used as the standards of measurements of a student’s abilities. They have been used to determine cut-off points for students who will make it to the university or four year colleges. However, it is not those who consume knowledge but the creative and productive people who have been remembered by history. Such people like C. S. Lewis, Martin Luther King Jr., and Picasso, who have shown greater abilities through art, literature, and politics, have been remembered by history (Deci & Ryan, 1985, p.17). Therefore, this kind of creative productivity is a method of giftedness identification that can be used in schools to reflect equity and excellence for a diverse group of learners. Identification of gifted individual children in a classroom is the most important step to ensure there is equity and excellence. The first most basic step is to identify the methods to use and steps to follow in order to identify gifted children. The best definition to giftedness should therefore be dependent on both academic and creative productive giftedness (Renzulli & Reis, 1997, p.121). There should be an understanding in the classroom between the children and the teacher(s) that for special program both criteria apply appropriately. The next step is to determine the proportion of students in the class who can actually be accommodated in the special program. This depends on the number of high achieving students present in the class. Therefore, the talent pool size will vary directly proportional to the number of high achieving students (Renzulli, 1997, p.82). All classes, regardless the number of high achieving students has an upper level class of students in need of special attention and extra material. The next step involves educating, orientation, and training of the teachers who will participate later in the nomination or identification process. Teachers should be trained on how to identify children with greater ability and high creativity in particular fields like arts, sports, or chemistry (Renzulli, 1997, p.102). Some of these fields might not require test to be ta
Introduction In referring to matters of discretion of the law, we must note that in the state, there are institutions that have the mandate to interpret the law in judging offenders. These are legal institutions and they do not make the law, but only interpret the law. The discretion in our legal process does not challenge the rule of law. In this essay I demonstrate the rationality of the following quote by Aristotle: “The rule of law is better than that of any individual” Main Text The idea of the rule of law is that no one is above the law. Under the law everyone is equal. The rule of law implies that everyone is subject to behavior that is by the law. Those who fail to do so are punishable by terms that the law dictates. For example, the law may state that murder is prohibited, and therefore a person who murders another is breaking the law and must suffer the consequence as per the law. However, we may ask what if the cause of the murder was in self-defense and that if the accused did not murder, they would have been murdered or other people who they were protecting would be murdered. In this case, the law may be amended to allow for pardon if the defendant proves that the act of murder was prompted by the need for self-defense. It may seem that in the above example, the person acquitted of murder on grounds of self-defense is above the law; however, that is not the case. The person is acquitted because under the law there is a provision given the said circumstances of the murder. Otherwise, if there was no amendment to the law to introduce the provision, the case would have been decided in the positive and the accused found guilty. To further explain that the discretion in our legal process does not challenge the rule of law, I refer to the matter of a reference to the court of appeal of Quebec concerning the constitution of Canada in which the province of Quebec objects “to a resolution regarding a proposed patriation and amendment of the Constitution of Canada, adopted by the Parliament of Canada in December 1981.” 1 The appeal court of Québec ruled against an appeal to amend the constitution of Canada by giving the factum that Quebec had no veto powers to the amendment of the constitution. The appeal court was therefore by the rule of law even if the province of Quebec had social rights to object to the imposition of new amendments without its consent. A deeper look at this matter reveals that the decision by the court was made by the idea of the rule of law, that once it’s the law, no party has a right to go against it. The only way the province of Quebec would have won the appeal case against the amendment of the constitution without its consent was by proving beyond doubt that it had veto to do so, a fact that in their appeal case it failed to do so 2 . As the outright expectation, the case was judged in the negative on that factum. The case of the negative judgment on the case of Quebec province raises the question on the discretion of the law by the courts. What would be the interpretation of the ruling by the appeal court, if it had decided that Quebec had
Introduction To put it in simple words, bullying is a type of harassment. It is a negative action against an individual’s mental and physical security. Bullying can happen in two ways: A single person being attacked by another single person or a single person being attacked by a group of people. Bullying never occurs between two persons of equal strength. The person who is attacked always will be weaker as compared to the person or group of persons who is or are attacking. All types of bullying will lead to physical and mental torment of the attacked person. This may also have a long time effect. Adolescent age is a very i
21st Century has been marked by an unending debate on whether the public can have the knowledge and expertise to make decisions that would positively implicate their lives. Psychiatrists, mathematicians, business and economics scholars have tried to point out their positions which, eventually, have been met by resistance. However, one position remains common in both camps. Decision-making is an essential part of human lives. Poor decision-making can have adverse results on the well-being of an individual or society as a whole. On his part, Michael Bond, in his article, Risk School, highlights the major arguments presented over this issue from both sides. Considering the presented arguments, this paper seeks to point out that the public cannot make the right decisions on their own neither can decisions be made from above. The best approach to decision-making is a collaborative approach that will allow both the public and the authority’s active participation during decision-making. Why is the public assumed to lack the capacity to make decisions? In most cases, an individual, due to perceived danger or benefits, will tend to take instinctive reactions which are not rational. As neuroscientists have found out, two brain systems make up the main form of the human decision-making process (Pratt, 1994, p. 42). These are the instinctive and rational parts of the brain. The instinctive part is usually operational without consciousness inclusion. In most cases, it is founded on emotional instincts. Contrarily, the rational part of thinking involves all the situations that require deliberative analysis. Unfortunately, the instinctive part of decision-making seems to be stronger than its rational counterpart. Accordingly, individuals are tempted to use this in the situation that actually required deliberate analysis. This is the reason why the public is considered to lack the capacity for decision-making. This being the foundation, Thaler and Cass Sunstein have felt that irrespective of the efforts by the scholars to help the public develop decision-making skills (Bond, 2009, p. 1184). The problem still remains unsolved. With the public discredited with the ability to make decisions while at the same time being believed to be unable to learn the required skills to make rational decisions, the role, therefore, lies upon the authorities to make decisions for the public. Unfo
The place where the majority of employees are based Tesla Motors is a company that experiences rapid development due to the innovations and appropriately chosen marketing strategies. As a matter of fact, the company started their work with 600 workers and increased this number by twenty times 1 . Over 13,000 people work for Tesla nowadays. The majority of the employees are based in Fremont, California. Unionization The employees in Tesla are not unionized; however, the United Auto Workers aimed to unionize the staff. 2 Although the attempt failed to succeed, the UAW does not want to give up. Salaries of the very top executives The wages of the top executives in Tesla Motors is different. Elon Musk makes almost 35,000$ a year, chief technology officer – 249,600$; chief financial officer – 338,000$; vice president – almost 273,000$. 3 The lowest-paid ends of Tesla Work for Tesla is complicated and will not suit those who want to find a balance between personal life and work. Some managers try to show employees that they are easily replaceable and are not important. 4 Standard wages and this fact discourage work. However, the majority of the employees think that being able to make something that has never been done before and being able to contribute to innovations and development overweight the disadvantages. The experience that is gained at Tesla Motors is considered to be valuable. Chief mechanical engineer makes about 146,000$ a year. According to the information stated in the description of Tesla vacancies, Chief engineers are responsible for the design, analysis, and testing of mechanical components. One of the lowest salaries that can be compared to the wages of the ordinary worker is the salary of Elon Musk, the founder and CEO of Tesla Motors. 5 Gender balance of employees at various ranks Although the majority of people think that the automobile industry is not for women, it is worth stating that twenty-seven women are working for Tesla. 6 However, the majority of employees are men. According to the research, all executives and people who hold high positions are men. Such a gap in gender diversity can be explained by the fact that not a lot of females choose technical careers. Managerial and employee diversity The American company is not going to give up on the conquest of the world market of electric cars, and for this purpose, it intends to increase the number of employees sharply. Currently, the number of open vacancies at Tesla Motors exceeds fifteen hundred. To become a member of Tesla, there is no need to move to California. Among
Executive summary Myer has operated successfully in the Australian market for years. The company sells clothing, footwear, electrical materials, and other products that have attracted a huge number of customers in Australia. Nevertheless, Myer should think about several of its flaws such as unsteadiness of the top executive post (CEO). The CEO post at Myer has been regularly changing and thus somehow contributed unconstructively to the yield and prosperity inclinations of Myer stores. Myer is expanding into the Saudi Arabian market that boasts of a sturdy and developing economy with a huge number of inhabitants. Myer can make use of this chance to penetrate the Saudi Arabian market assertively and control a big share of the new market. On the other hand, Myer will encounter competition from numerous competitors in the Saudi Arabian market like City Max, Debenhams, and Centerpoint. The three competitors are represented as the major ones for Myer since they have conquered a large extent of the Saudi Arabian market through the selling of first-class fashion outfits. Myer must think about the strong points of its competitors and employ its key capabilities like hiring expert designers of outfits. Myer can take up three possible modes of entry modes to venture into the Saudi Arabian market. The three possible modes of entry include Acquisition, Joint Venture, and Franchising. Nonetheless, amid the three, the most suitable for Myer is franchising as it represents the highest growing type of entry for Myer to increase its operations globally. In addition, this mode of entry has the least extent of costs, threats, and liabilities. Myer should augment its spending in study and development to attain an enhanced comprehension of the requirements of the Saudi Arabian market. Introduction Myer is an Australian series of department stores operating all through Australia. Myer was begun by an immigrant from Russia, Sidney Myer, in the year1899 with extremely little funds and a slight understanding of the English language. Together with his brother Elcon Myer, they established the initial Myer store in Victoria in the year 1900. Currently, Myer is the biggest series of department stores in Australia. Myer retails a wide variety of products encompassing women, men, and children’s clothes, shoes, and other appurtenances. Myer as well as retails cosmetics and perfumes, furniture, stationery, electrical, bedclothes, foodstuff, and travelling stuffs (Butler 2007). At present, Myer carries out its business only in Australia. This paper will weigh up various li
I believe Michael Moore’s approach to the health care issue in his documentary, Sicko, is elusive and reactive rather than proactive. It is argued in the documentary that over fifty million Americans are to insure their lives whereas the large percentage insure is unable to maintain its insurance costs owing to rules and regulations and company fraud. Several interviews were conducted to ascertain the truth of the matter and it was found out that insurance companies play rackets with the lives of people in case of medical emergencies. The insurance companies would always find a reason not to compensate its policyholders. This is usually aimed at maximizing the profits of the company. The movie compares the healthcare laws of Canada with those of the US. The actor singles out the efforts of one of the Canadian policy maker by the name Tommy Douglas, who worked tirelessly to improve the healthcare system in Canada (Callenbach, 2008). The actor argues that anti-health care policy individuals claim that providing free healthcare services amounts to communism, which is not true. The then head of state, Ronald Reagan, advised people that universal healthcare services would lead to the loss of freedom and introduction of socialism into the financial system. Moore answers the critics basing their arguments to Reagan’s allegations that American financial system had not been converted to socialism by the free poli
TB Epidemiological Triangle TB Web of Causality Pat’s case of TB presupposes the agent, host, and the appropriate environment for the infection. The teacher has just visited poverty-stricken areas of Jharkhand, India, meaning she was exposed to risk factors, such as overcrowding and lack of vaccinated individuals. People from these regions can be viewed as hosts, while poor areas with inappropriate conditions are the environment for the agent, mycobacterium tuberculosis (Adams & Messias, 2019). From the web of causality, Pat’s trip to India might cause infection and the development of the disease. Global Implications The increased global travel has resulted in the emergence of new challenges of epidemiology. People from various regions can spread infection faster and avoid natural barriers, which introduces additional risks. For instance, aviation transported people with coronavirus, which resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic, with about 176 million cases globally (CDC, 2021). However, better information sharing cultivates more effective disease control and enhances knowledge. Health Data Valid health data improves the management of the most relevant challenges and the choice of interventions to help people. For instance, the topical health problem is the growing smoking rates in the region. Possessing the relevant information about the primary causes impacting people’s motifs to start using tobacco, it is possible to create preventive and prophylactic measures to resolve the problem and reduce its current rates. Sources of Data The two possible sources of data are: The website of the Virginia Department of Health. n.d. Web. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . n.d. Web. These two sources offer relevant and credible information about smoking patterns in the area and causes leading to the emergence of new addicted people. For this reason, it is vital to use these sites to discuss the problem and ways to struggle with it. Incidence and Prevalence Prevalence means the proportion of people who have a certain condition in a certain period of time, while incidence shows the rate of new cases occurring in a specific population. Smoking rates in Virginia continue to grow, proving the need for intervention (“Extinguishing the tobacco epidemic in Virginia,” n.d.). The current statistics show that 39.9% of people have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in