ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A program evaluation is intended to measure the program outcome by means of checking the level of the students’ mastery of the new facts learned and skills received after using the program with educational purposes. The evaluators may use formative methods in order to compare the results achieved with the goals previously defined or summative methods in order to analyze the peculiarities of a certain institution and to choose the program, meeting all its requirements. But all the standardized evaluation methods may involve some uncertainties, that is why the alternative approaches are often used. Different types of questionnaires may be used with different purposes and can be referred to the formative or summative methods.The true-false questions and the scalar questions may be used as the questionnaire instruments with the purpose to evaluate the students’ attainments with the goals of the program or the level of implementation of the program. Main body As to the reliability of these instruments it can be measured by the consistency in results received. Use of true-false questions simplifies the students’ task compared to the open-ended format, for example. The chance to guess the right answers appears to them, but it means that the compiler of the questionnaire has to take pains in order to make the answers as unpredictable as it is possible. This instrument suggests a lot of possibilities for checking not only the knowledge, checking how knowledgeable the student is in this or that topic, but the skills received as well, as the evaluator is free to use not only theoretical but a practical part as well. The evaluation of results of this kind of questionnaire takes minimal efforts and the computer may be used for it. “Accuracy is achieved by minimizing sources of error as much as possible and obtaining an estimate of how much error remains” (Mertens, 2009, 380). The percentage of the occasional results is minimized on condition that the questionnaire is correctly composed and the questions concern different sections of the topic. On these conditions the sources of error are minimized, the results may be regarded valid and meeting the established criteria. Then the evaluators may use them for improving the existing educational unit or demonstration of the achieved or not achieved goals. The scalar questions questionnaire can lead to important conclusions as well. Speaking about this instrument, it should be admitted that the questions must concern not only the students’ personal attitude towards the material, as it may be regarded subjective but the questions concerning different sides of the problem and
Performing a PEST Analysis of the fashion industry provided an opportunity to find specific voids in this market and think of the ways to fill them. First of all, the environmental impact of the fashion and clothing industry is a significant global problem. After the oil industry, this sector is the second largest polluter in the world (“What’s wrong with the fashion industry?” n.d.). Textile factories dump untreated toxic wastewaters directly into the rivers, which is a great contribution to water pollution. To fill this void, clothing manufacturers should pay increased attention to wastewaters purification. Besides, consumers need to choose clothes produced in countries with severer environmental regulations for the fashion industry (Kusa & Urminova, 2020). Next, this market increases the waste problem since the modern clothes quality is declining every year, and trends are changing rapidly, so people buy and throw away more. According to researchers, “a family in the western world throws away an average of 30 kg of clothing each year” (“What’s wrong with the fashion industry?” n.d., para. 4). Buying less and better-quality garment and recycling it after some time is a way to solve this issue. Another void of the fashion industry is the lack of effort in dressing people with disabilities. It is hard to disagree that persons with limited mobility because of some medical conditions, people with autism, and amputees need to have an opportunity of wearing comfortable and pretty clothes. However, moving into the adaptive fashion market began relatively recently, around 2009 (Schmidt, 2018). To fill with void completely, it is essential to increase garment manufacturers’ awareness of this issue. Finally, another problem with the fashion industry discussed in the PEST Analysis is the promotion of extreme thinness standards. This may also be demonstrated in the limited stock and options available for plus-sized consumers (PYMNTS Staff, 2016). On the one hand, models need to comply with certain standards and requirements, making them experience physical and mental health problems. On the other hand, plus-sized consumers are not able to find proper, good quality, and beautiful garments, which may make them either wear low-quality clothes or go on a diet and probably gain health issues. To fill this void, specific legislation is required, and garment manufacturers need to produce more clothes for plus-sized consumers.
One of the most peculiar aspects of contemporary living in the West is that despite being required to adhere to the provisions of political correctness, Westernmost popular media-products continue to remain strongly inconsistent with the currently predominant political ideology of ‘tolerance’ and ‘non-sexism’. The validity of the suggestion can be well illustrated in regards to the recently produced ‘Bond movies’, which appear only slightly less sexist, as it used to be the case with the same category of films, produced throughout the sixties and seventies. According to Neuendorf, Gore, Dalessandro, Janstova, and Snyder-Suhy (2010), “Despite the societal progression of feminist ideology, the women of Bond continue to be portrayed in a rather limited and sex-stereotyped manner” (p. 758). In its turn, this implies that the ideology of ‘non-sexism’, which promotes the idea that there is no reason to believe that men and women are inheritably different (in the psychological sense of this word), cannot be thought of as such that represents an undisputed truth-value. After all, had this idea been fully valid, there would have been examples of truly matriarchal societies in the history of humankind. Yet, there is none, “
Implications for the Decisions Made While developing a list of objectives, it is highly important to work out a set of definitions, processes, and schedule within which all processes should be accomplished (Project Management Institute, 2008). Therefore, activating such departments as human resources, technology and innovation, marketing and finance, and design development are among the leading ones which should be reconsidered. Specifically, the analysis of human resource management is confined to understanding how the employees could use the new software effectively, as well as launching a specialized training program that would motivate them to use it future and realize its full potential. External activities should also be involved. This is of particular concern to meeting the internationally accepted standards that focus on installing and configuration, testing, and prototype development. All these processes are carried out at different levels with strictly established deadlines. As per personnel development, it is purposeful to develop an optimal instruction for ensuring the safety and clarity in operating and handling new software. Most of the processes initiated by GenRays are adequate and relevant. Nevertheless, some of the assignments are not justified in terms of costs and scheduling. In particular, one month is not enough for purchasing new computers and ensuring that all computers have met the standards specification. More importantly, the installing and testing procedures require more than one month, not mentioning the official process of reporting to management. This decision, therefore, cannot be approv
Introduction The overall goal of the given job aid is to help a financial analyst with his or her daily responsibilities and provide general information about the position within the context of the organization. Financial Responsibilities   * A financial analyst must be attentive to details and have outstanding communication skills.   * The position requires for analysis to conduct financial analysis through projections and modeling, such as valuation and cash flow assessments, on his or her own.   * An analyst needs to be able to prepare presentations to present to the managers in regard to budget reports.   * The position requires competence in assessing, analyzing, and understanding financial statements.   * A financial analysis needs to be competent at Excel to track costs and expenses. Financial Management Decisions It should be noted that financial data is critical for all business decisions. A manager is able to make sound and effective decisions only on the basis of how financial activities are directed, organized, prepared, and managed, which comprises financial management. Financial analysis and management are not only essential for business performance but also competitive advantage (Titman et al., 2018). Therefore, both major and minor business decisions need core financial information. Examples of such data include financial models, projections, budget reports, cash flow assessments, financial statements, and regular monitoring of expenses (Titman et al., 2018). The lack of such critical data can severely impair the company’s performance and lead to decisions that will have both short-term and long-term ramifications. It is also important to present the given mass of information succinctly and accurately in order to ensure that business decisions are effective. Accounting Principles When reporting and delivering financial information, one must adhere to the guidelines and rules, such as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). A company’s financial state can only be assessed through accurate accounting measures. For example, accounting reveals key data in operational efficiency, profitability, solvency, and liquidity, which reflect the overall financial health (Titman et al., 2018). The unavailability of such information or inaccurate analysis can lead to loss of business opportunities, unjustified expenses, poor risk management, and even bankruptcy. Financial Statements It is important for a financial analyst to know that financial statements are documents that contain data on the financial performance and business activities of a company. There are three types of financial statements, which include cash flow statements, income statements, and balance sheets. For example, the latter contains information about liabilities, assets, and shareholder’s equity (Titman et al., 2018). Income statements provide an overview of income and expenses over a specific period of time, on the basis of which, for example, managers can see where the expenses are excessive. Financi
Assignment of the fringe benefits issue to a task force or the university’s human resources department Rather than requesting the HR department of Medford University to scheme the plan, a taskforce was appointed by President Hiromi Kobayashi to cogitate on the fringe benefits issue. The reason was because the president believed that the best possible decisions could be realized if the fringe benefit issue was delegated to a taskforce that was comprised of diverse members. The rationale adopted by Kobayashi was founded on the assumption that each taskforce member had explicit knowledge that could have contributed or assisted in the process of decision making (Blom, 1996). Kobayashi was further aware that the decisions would probably be accepted, agreed upon and supported when the organization members were given a chance to participate in the process. Thus, Hiromi assigned a taskforce to generate a novel fringe benefit plan in order for the employees of the school to agree to adopt the new plan. Cutting university expenses as a major priority for the task force Given that every taskforce member had her or his ideas, wants and beliefs, there should be no anticipation by President Hiromi that all taskforce members could have strived in cutting the expenses of the university. Whereas it was not guaranteed that every taskforce member would pay attention to the request made by President Hiromi that the tenuous financials of Medford University should be considered, chances were that when taskforce members were deliberating on the matter, every member was obliged to discuss Kobayashi request (Cavanaugh, Tocci, & Wilkes, 2009). This could have been done to establish probably the best new fringe benefit plan design devoid of sacrificing the value of Medford University staff and faculty as well to avoid being unfair to these groups. Although President Hiromi cannot demand or impose his requests to be executed by the taskforce members, Hiromi can devise ways of increasing the possibility that the fringe benefits expenditure reduction can be a key priority to the taskforce members. Some of the ways include: presenting Medford University financial report to the taskforce members; asking an autonomous committee to present the possible scenarios report if the university continued to expend most of fringe benefits funds or present the management and administration plan towards amassing its revenues and enrollment to warrant that Medford has remained operational. Appointment of the administrator of the hospital as the chair of the task force The hospital administrator was appointed by President Hiromi as the taskforce chair to make sure that the groups’ headship had pertinent medical benefits information. Besides, the appointed hospital administrator was well acquainted with insurance coverage, state healthcare regulatory laws and Federal law knowledge. Thus, the hospital administrator could offer extensive knowledge and generalized insights concerning medical care benefits. I would advise that the chosen hospital administrator shoul
Money is described as something that can be used as a means of payment for goods and services in the market. It has several functions in modern society because it might be employed as a medium of exchange whereby an individual uses it to acquire a product or a service. In this case, the seller and the buyer should be willing to trade in the sense that what one lacks is what the other partner wants. A medium of exchange paves the way for the assessment of the value of goods. Again, money serves as a unit of account, meaning it is a standard monetary unit that is measured in term of its value. In this case, it allows people to determine what constitutes a profit, a loss, and a liability. Money serves as a store of value, implying it plays an important role in saving what an individual does not intend to spend presently. In this regard, the product could be retrieved in the future because what an individual has to do is simply to buy the commodity using the reserved money. Finally, money could be used as a standard of deferred payment, implying it is the only legally accepted way of settling a debt in the market. History shows money has always been an emerging market phenomenon with the first form being in the shape of a commodity, but the modern ones are based on the fiat money. The modern type could not be having any value since it is a commodity just like any other, but it derives its value from government’s declaration, as it is termed as a legal tender. The government has to recognize the commodity within its boundaries for it to be appreciated as a means of exchange for settling all debts and acquiring products. According to the principle of finance, money has a higher value in the present as opposed to the future because it can earn interest, which makes it worthwhile. It should be noted that money gains value once the government accepts its usage within its state borders. Before the advent of notes and coins, almost everything was utilized in trade provided the buyer, and the seller reached an agreement on the value of their goods and services. For instance, pigs could be exchanged with a few sacks of grains in what was referred to as the barter system of trade. However, this system was unreliable, especially when the businesspersons disagreed over the exact price o
The research topic under discussion is “Cost Optimization Techniques and Strategies in Organizations.” Studying this field will essentially require collecting a wide scope of quantitative data; therefore, it is critical to work out a consistent research design in advance. The research will mainly aim at examining the world best practices related to cost optimization techniques and strategies that can be potentially applied to improving the performance of my organization (Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company). It is proposed to point out the most commonly used strategies and to identify their efficiency based on the case studies, the relevant financial reports, and other types of data available. Therefore, it is assumed rational to rely on the secondary data in the framework of this study. Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill (2012, p.259) provide a complex list of the secondary data varieties, within which such types as written materials (organization’s websites and databases) as well as various surveys seem to be appropriate. It is assumed that the secondary data e
Introduction The history of hip-hop culture starts at the time when social instability in the United States was dumped by the Cold War and social intolerance. The latter seems to reflect the real thing about the way rappers and “prophets” of hip-hop urge to demonstrate their outrage. It is a recitative form of a song in which sorrows and joys experienced mainly by the Black half of the American society. Thus, more attention should be paid to those who created this genre in music and developed it into the way it sounds today. Main text The discography which is represented in the 3 rd disc gives a scope of understanding of the main things which worried rappers at the time. Here one should notice the themes of murder and unfair attitudes of the authority toward “street children,” so to speak. Cypress Hill is perhaps one of the most famous gangster-rap bands. In the song How I could just kill a man he highlights the following rhymes: “And my magnum takin out some puto’s” (ohhla). Digable Planets are more dedicated to the evolution of street music in the United States in Cool Like That : “Like sixties funky worms with waves and perms” (ohhla). Such notes of pride and joy (when music plays) make one think over the real soul of a rapper. Public Enemy by Fight The Power wanted t prescribe some democratic values the band secures in their songs: “Our freedom of speech is freedom or death” (ohhla). Here comes Snoop Doggy Dogg and Dr.Dre with Nuthin’ But a G Thang. This song takes notice of a willingness of such eminent rappers to illuminate what drives rappers for real: “And I’mma continue to put the rap down, put the mac down” (ohhla.com). MC Hammer, on the other hand, sings about the scene from Bible when Moses faced with God. Thus, the main theme is that “U Can’t Touch This” (ohhla). To continue, Geto Boys through the lyrics in My Mind’s Playing Tricks On Me incorporate the idea of doubtful actions on a doubtful way of an ordinary man living on the street unpampered by the charms of life: “I live by the sword” (ohhla). Ice Cube in No Vaseline makes some assumptions on reasons for personal rage: “I put that on my mama and my dead homeys” (ohhla). That is the thing in question – he wants racial justice when betrayal takes place. Guys in Digital Underground are more inclined to have fun by insolent actions everywhere they appear. In The Humpty Dance it sounds like that: “The Humpty Dance is your chance to do the hump” (ohhla). It is not that different pursuant to OutKast and their song Crumblin’ Erb. The guys are likely to sing about objective reality indicating everything that goes wrong: “I run my lyrics the way y’all wanna hear ’em” (ohhla.com). The whole idea of hip-hop does not simply come down to rage, violence, or murders. Here the features of love to a girl are predominant as well. Just like it does Common Sense in I Used To Love Her. It is about the relationships which come ou
APA Citation National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. (2015). Mission statement on malpractice insurance for nurse practitioners. Journal of Pediatrics Health Care, 29, A11-A12. Web. Article Summary The selected article begins by appreciating the fact that advanced practice nurses (APNs) should have access “to medical professional liability insurance” (National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, 2015, p. A11). Since APNs are gaining responsibility and practice autonomy in a wide range of settings, they should be ready to protect their customers while at the same time focusing on every existing law, regulation, and statute. The article goes further to acknowledge that the number of claims arising from nursing malpractices have been on the rise. The author indicates that malpractice insurance is critical since it protects individuals in need of services and healthcare providers. Most of the insurance plans provided by different employers might not be adequate or capable of protecting different nurse practitioners (NPs). With this kind of understanding, NPs should examine the nature of employer-associated coverage in an attempt to make informed decisions. They must also be aware of the major malpractice concerns and risks that can emerge in their respective working environments or settings. Additionally, every patient has a right to receive evidence-based, quality, and sustainable care. This means that patients who do not receive quality care from NPs are empowered to file legal claims (National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, 2015). This scenario explains why there is need for both patients and NPs to have adequate protection. That being the case, NPs should have reliable malpractice insurance coverage. The article outlines a number of key issues that should be taken seriously by APNs. To begin with, they should have access to affordable insurance for any form of malpractice. Employers should be ready to offer appropriate insurance coverage to practitioners. NPs must acquaint themselves with the Nursing Practice Acts in their respective states. They should also embrace the power of continuous education to protect themselves from various risks that can disorient their career goals (National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, 2015). Every NP program should be redesigned in such a way that it focuses on issues such as insurance coverage for malpractice, liability, risk assessment, and mitigation. The author goes further to indicate that NPs should be willing to analyze the role of license insurance coverage. This is the case because the idea will empower and guide them to have the most appropriate policy agains