ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The financial market of the whole country and a particular region largely depends on such a factor as a price policy in relation to real estate. Depending on the cost of housing set by both government agencies and private owners, a common economic background is formed. The prerequisites for raising or lowering prices for this product are invariably connected with the financial capabilities of consumers, and a large range of conventions are usually taken into account, for instance, the year of construction, exclusivity, and other criteria. At the same time, both the low and high cost of housing are the factors that are considered by fund players, governments, local authorities, and ordinary citizens. Both national and regional treasuries are primarily replenished through the sale of housing, and based on prices, such an essential social indicator as the welfare of the population can be calculated. Despite the objectively expensive cost of housing in major cultural, business, and entertainment world centers, there are always those buyers who allow property sellers to regulate pricing in accordance with personal interests. As an example of a specific location, such a metropolis as New York can be considered from the point of view of the housing prices effect on the city’s economy and its citizens’ welfare. In this case, not only new buildings are regarded but also historical housing, which sometimes costs more than new constructions. According to Been et al., “nowhere in the United States have the debates about historic preservation received greater attention than in New York City” (19). This fact proves that the real estate of any type is an actual topic for discussion in this one of the largest American cities. The influence of the price policy of real estate on the local economy is significant, which invariably affects the level of citizens’ welfare. Factors Affecting the Price of Housing Today, the residential real estate market is one of the most dynamic segments of the financial sector. Its cost is the indicator that substantially reflects an economic and social situation in a particular region since housing is one of the basic needs of a person. Reasons for different prices for real estate in cities and countries can differ depending on various factors. An unfavorable climate, stagnation, political instability, a decline in investment in the manufacturing sector, an increase in tax pressure, low consumer spending, a drop in interest on bank deposits and mortgage loans of commercial banks, inflation, and other reasons can affect prices. The formation of prices in the real estate market is influenced by external and internal factors. External criteria can be macroeconomic, microeconomic, and social ones (Mian et al. 2622). Macroeconomic factors characterize the economic conditions in the country and include such parameters as gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rate, financial instruments yield rates, people’s incomes, the employment level of the able-bodied population, consumer price index for goods and services, and the
Introduction As a company that deals in the provision of diabetes supplies to the general public, Salehiya Medical can be described as an institution that is well poised to assist the general public when it comes to its expertise in the field of diabetes treatment and detection. This is an important factor to consider since it’s home market, Saudi Arabia has one of the highest diabetes prevalence rates in the world. Studies such as those by Alhumaidi, Agha & Dewish (2013) have indicated that within Riyadh alone adult males that are within the age range of 30-70 years have a diabetes prevalence rate of 23.7% with women having a similar rate at 26.2%. The rate seen among children was also shown to be at 14% with roughly 68 percent of the child population in Riyadh showing symptoms of diabetes when examined by the local health department (Alhumaidi, Agha & Dewish, 2013). What this shows is that within Riyadh, there is an endemic case of diabetes within the population which can start at a very young age and contributes to the relatively high rate of diabetes seen in the adult half of the population. The Working Class and Diabetes While the proliferation of cases of diabetes may seem like a good thing for Salehiya Medical since this means that more people will be buying the company’s products, the inherent issue within Riyadh is that despite having a reputation for extravagance which can be seen through its various upscale malls, condominiums, and luxury cars, the fact remains that there has been little in the way of progress by the government in helping working-class citizens elevate the quality of life that they are currently experiencing. Within the context of diabetes treatment and detection, this means that the poor in the country do not know whether they have diabetes or not and also lack the means to be able to pay for proper testing and long term treatment options (Habeb, Al-Magamsi, Eid, Ali, Hattersley Hussain & Ellard, 2012). As explained by Alhowaish (2013), the money that is earned by the working class of society often goes towards survival with allocations towards medical expenses, often being their lowest priority. The result of such a condition is the continued untreated progression of certain sicknesses which, more often than not, causes a member of the urban working class to die (Alhowaish, 2013). It is based on this that alternatives need to be implemented within the context of diabetes treatment and detection in Riyadh to prevent needless deaths. Preventing the Proliferat
The Advanced Practice Registered Nurse reimbursement history started in 1990. Medicare provided it only in some rural parts of the country and skilled medical institutions. In a few years, the American Nurse Association proved that nurses did not earn enough, but the quality of their work was usually high. Thus, the reimbursement became available for Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Specialists, and Nurse Practitioners. Its amount was not more than 85% of the physician’s rate. To afford these expenses, the government created specialized organizations which keep helping APRNs now. Reimbursement has a positive effect on my nursing practice. Undoubtedly, with its presence, my responsibility increased. The work must be done efficiently; other areas of influence appear, for instance, management, the policy of the medical institution, and reporting. However, motivation in the form of reimbursement made these tasks exciting and challenging. It allows me to bring the quality of my work to a new level. My organization offers various payor types to its patients. First of all, we cooperate with different insurance companies and keep patients informed about them. Thanks to this, medical care can be provided to patients with various insurance policies, which increases the number of visitors. We always try to tell patients about the cost of all services fully, so they can be calm about their choice and receive treatment within the framework of an excellent price-quality ratio. In this case, the hospital gets satisfied regular customers, which positively affects its functioning. Although reimbursement is a significant positive development, some changes to the system could have a positive effect on APRNs. Researchers state that “every ARPN has an ethical and moral obligation (the social contract) to influence both public and health policy so that the health of the public is both protected and promoted” (Joel, 2018, p. 160). It is clear that such strict rules are essential to control the process. However, the system of payment for a particular job is quite complicated and does not always benefit nurses. For example, a pouching procedure or a problematic dressing change are not paid for by Medicare, although these are common activities. Also, the process of calculating and receiving reimbursement itself is excessively long and involves a large number of documents. Thus, simplifying the system could be helpful, productive, and even motivating. Value-Based Insurance Design is also one of the significant phenomena in today’s medical practice. As part of the VBID, the price of the most critical and necessary treatment is reduced. This makes it possible to save money on potential costs in the future if more expensive medicines or operations are needed. In addition, it has a positive effect on the clinical outcome since essential examinations and simple procedures are becoming much more affordable. This allows people to d
Thomas Green The report is about Thomas Green who was an accountant for Dynamics Displays which provides self-service options to banks by using Automated Teller Machines. Various issues came to the limelight after he was promoted to senior market specialist. His boss Frank Davis was not satisfied with his work and aired this to the vice president McDonald. Two meetings were held between Green and his immediate boss where issues of concern were raised and deliberated upon. The report’s main focus is the ethical and human resource issues, an evaluation of actions described in the case, and finally my recommendation to issues of concern in the company. According to Beauchamp et al., 2008 one serious issue concerning human resource is the manner with which Green was recruited to his current position. It is evident that the procedure used to promote him although was based on his competitive performance in the accounts section, the position was not advertised and the right procedure of short listing, interviewing and recruitment not followed. Frank was keen to look for a competitive person to fill the position of a senior market specialist. However, since McDonald was the company’s vice president and graduated from the same University as Green and hailed from the same State she used her position to promote him. This is unethical and fails to follow the best practice in human resources (Beckham & Sasser, 2008). It is a fact that Green and McDonald held several informal meetings in which the former learned of the open position, and using his association with the vice president he campaigned to be considered for this position. Another ethical issue is with regards to how Green criticized the sales projections of his immediate boss. After airing his concern in the meeting where the projections were being made, Green went further telling every Tom, Dick, and Hurry that his problems with his boss are rooted to him openly refuting his projections. Additionally, Green failed to behave according to the regulations of the company; that of reporting to his immediate boss. For instance, it was unethical for him not to answer a call when he was in Orlando. Green was not even in Orlando at the time, he had gone to Atlanta a day before presumably to meet his girlfriend although he said he had gone to meet a vice president of purchasing client. He also failed to update and give relevant information to his boss (Beckham & Sasser, 2008). On the same note, it was unethical for the second mail which was sent to McDonald by Frank to find its way to Green. This means that information secrecy within the organization is not guaranteed. In my view, if the stern action taken by Frank against Green is purely based on the fact that Green was promoted to his current position by the company vice president then this is not right. I believe the action taken particularly by Frank Davis is satisfying. When he realized that Green had a negative perception about his sales projections, the failure of the latter to adequately inform him among other issues, he first called Green and talked about the iss
The American Civil War led to massive destruction of property and loss of life. Many people were killed in the southern and northern state battlefields. However, the war led to the emergence of a united and strong country driven by a desire to achieve one dream. Though the Civil War occurred in the 19 th century, the roadmap to the war began back in the 17 th century. In 1619, slave trade emerged in America when Virginia English settlers bought 20 Africans from a Dutch ship to work on their farms. These first batches of slaves were later sold away as indentured servants, a title that completely changed with the arrival of more Africans into the country. The establishment of slavery followed the enactment laws in states such as Massachusetts in 1641 and Virginia in 1660 which legalized slavery. However, Maryland adopted a new law in 1663 that not only legalized slavery, but also recognized life slaves. This was followed by a law in 1667 that revoked the initial English requirement which forced slaves to convert to Christianity before serving the white people (Förster 96). The first antislavery group emerged in Pennsylvania to stage a protest against this practice. This group argued that slavery was against Christianity as the slaves were stolen from Africa. The Pennsylvania abolition society began countrywide sensitization campaigns in 1775 to advocate for the end of slave trade and slavery. A year later, the declaration of independence was pronounced, and the country gained independence from English empire. According to the independence declaration, all men were created equal and should be subjected to an equal and just environment (Waugh 220). After the independence declaration, Vermont joined the United States in 1777 together with Pennsylvania in 1780. During the Philadelphia convention of 1787, delegates debated the merits of halting further importation of slaves into the country. However, South Carolina and Georgia threatened to boycott any resolution that would halt the importation of slaves. In 1790, the country had the first census which indicated that African slaves were 18% of the country’s population. However, the states that had abolished slavery such as Maine, Vermont and Massachusetts had no slaves (Waugh 221). In 1793, the fugitive slave act which allowed for the recovery of runaway slaves was enacted. The provision of cotton gin patent in 1794 increased the value and demand for slaves in states such as South Carolina and Virginia. In 1807, the United States senate passed a law that led to the abolition of slave importation into the country. In 1838, the first antislavery black movement known as the Underground Railroad Network was organized (Kherdian 121). In 1849, Harriet Tubman, a key figure in the antislavery movement, escaped from slavery. She assisted 300 more slaves to escape. In November of 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States, paving way for the Em
Introduction The image “S. Africa refutes handing over Zimbabwe aid” vividly portrays children gathering corn in order to save their lives from hunger and femininity. The South Africa government refuses to help Zimbabwe, so the nation has to survive without humanitarian aid. In case of Zimbabwe, humanitarian aid can be defined as an issue of human existence and survival of the while nation. Thus, humanitarian aid is a voluntary help of other states to the weak one based on their financial resources and possibilities. Argument Without humanitarian n aid and support from neighborhood countries, Zimbabwe’s children and poor families will die. Discussion The visual image suggests that hunger and poverty and inequality are the main problems affected Zimbabwe today. Overpopulation, hunger and poverty manifest themselves most dramatically and visibly in the housing conditions of the cities. Those unable to afford regular housing, or to purchase undeveloped land, congregate in illegal or squatter settlements, especially around the major cities in Zimbabwe. The main causes of hunger are different economic development of Zimbabwe, legal and social problems and inability of small governments to fight diseases and improve medical services. The hunger and poverty that affect the urban poor in Zimbabwe is particularly felt by people, whose health and psyches are closely tied to their roles as wives and mothers. Violence, calamity, and fear have become part of the life of many urbanites in recent decades. Depending on the specific economic conditions, numbers ranging from dozens to hundreds of thousands of people have died as the result of famine and lack of food. Even more have been injured, and millions have become displaced people, either internally or as official international refugees (Sachs 32). Stronger countries of the region should be concerned about the Zimbabwe’s hunger and poverty because it influenced developed nations and their development. Hunger and poverty can be compared with diseases affected third world countries and but infected the developed countries as well. In fact, there are millions of refugees in Africa, more than any other region in the world (a figure that does not include the millions displaced within countries). In Zimbabwe, the struggle for power and control of governments is one of the most famous issues–and conflicts–facing the world today. Headed by monarchies and dictatorships, and only a few democracies, the Zimbabwe’s political systems are anachronistic compared to those in much of the world; and the people want a greater voice in their own destinies. In most cases opposition to the government is led by specific groups, especially within cities and particularly in the national capitals. Examining a number of factors of urbanization, humanitarians emphasize that it is not simply urban growth and huge population increases that cause political unrest. Rather, specific grievances or fast declines in the status quo (food prices or
Introduction As well as any other country with a developed industry sector, UAE is likely to face numerous environmental problems that are particularly acute in the modern age. While advanced factories and manufacturing plants contribute to the country’s prosperity, they inevitably perform significant harm to the nature putting the local wildlife under a constant threat. In the meantime, specialists point out that the activity of UAE’s focused on the environment preservation has become more consistent and efficient within the past decades. Thus, the government shows high awareness of the current challenges encouraging both governmental structures and non-governmental groups to work-out productive solutions (Aspinall, n.d.). The paper at hand provides a brief analysis of the UAE laws and regulations aimed at protecting the environment. One attempts to examine the existing environmental policy as well as to estimate its major benefits and drawbacks. A particular emphasis will be put on elucidating solutions and recommendations for potential improvements. Brief Profile The principal governmental structure responsible for the problems of the environment in UAE is the Ministry of Environment and Water (MOEW). The fundamental function of the relevant institution is to ensure effective development that does not endanger the local environment. The ministry deals with several branches of the protection field including agriculture, animals, water resources, and support services ( UAE State of Environment Report , 2015). Another organization with a similar function is the Environment Agency in Abu Dhabi. The institution was founded two decades ago, and it now focuses both on the preservation of the environment and raising the level of “green” mentality in population. The agency cooperates closely with other organizations of a common character including local private companies, NGO’s and international agencies (Environment Agency Abu Dhabi, 2016). From the legislative perspective, the protection of environment is regulated in accordance with the following laws:   * UAE Hunting Law, Federal Law No. (9) for 1983 – the law is aimed at restricting hunting for particular species of birds and animals. Its implementation was determined by a crucial decline in the population of some representatives of fauna in UAE (Aspinall, n.d.).   * Federal Law No. (7) of 1993 for the establishment of the Federal Environment Agency – the relevant documents state the objectives and goals of the agency and elucidate the financial side of its functioning (Aspinall, n.d.).   * Federal Law No. (23) for 1999 for Protection of the Marine Environment – the law introduces a series of guidelines for the appropriate exploitation of marine resources. Finally, one of the most consistent laws that provide regulations for general environmental protection is Federal Law No. (24) for 1999 for
Introduction Human activities affect the environment in different ways, either positive or negative, and thus environmental conservation rests on humans. Ecosystems in the whole world have changed dramatically in an attempt to support the increasing number of living, non-living organisms, and humans. Human activities such as deforestation, industrialization, and urbanization have affected the environment negatively because the available resources are reducing at an alarming rate (Russo, 2008). Due to these activities, the environment has been exposed to any damages such as pollution of water, air, and land, thus decreasing its productivity. Humans or nature causes environmental harm. The natural causes include landslides and hurricanes. Both the human and natural activities cause environmental degradation where natural resources are over-exploited, and since these resources are interlinked, they also affect other features that are dependent on them. This paper investigates the human impact on the environment and ways in which business actions lessen human impacts on the environment. Impact of Human Activities on the Environment Human beings are a factor of the natural environment because they carry out activities in extreme, which causes environmental degradation. One of these activities includes pollution of land, rivers, seas and air (Constanza, Graumlich, & Steffen, 2007). For instance, activities leading to industrialization have led to water contamination near their areas of operation, thus polluting clean water because of draining chemicals in the rivers. In addition, gases that emanate from the greenhouse, such as carbon dioxide when released in the atmosphere have a harmful effect on the environment. These gases accumulate in the atmosphere and trap heat radiations, hence being unable to escape from the earth’s surface. The trapped waves are changed into heat, and this has led to climate change and global warming, which has caused extreme weather conditions. Urbanization also has a negative effect on the environment. Most people believe that they can only get better employments in urban centres. This has led to the rural to an urban movement where poor families settle on slums near urban centres. Due to overpopulation or expanding of the slums, people are engaged in activities that harm the environment since the supply of amenities such as water, sewerage and energy becomes difficult. The result is poor waste management, worsening of water quality and deterioration of air. An example of a city that has been destroyed by urbanization is Kabul. This has led to the destruction of the city’s physical infrastructure due to overpopulation since they are unable to maintain it, and the shortage of houses, which are meant for the low-income earners. Wastes from home greatly affect the environment when dumped in an incorrect way. The table below shows the percentage of solid waste produced by households. Table 1: Solid Waste Produced From Households Goudie (2006) affirms that deforestation