ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction New imperialism has drawn a lot of debate due to the controversies involved concerning its definition, origin, the reasons for its occurrence, and the impacts it caused. It can be defined as the colonial policies adopted by Europe, Japan, and the United States towards the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century. The powerful and industrialized countries wanted control over other countries economic, social, religious, and even political purposes. The United States, for example, is believed to have adopted new imperialism mainly to reach economic benefits, for instance, to attain cheap raw materials, cheap labor, and markets from the countries it controlled to boost its economic status. Nationalism was a major factor that led to imperialism as the powerful countries sought to provide national security to their territories. Religion also played a great role in bringing about the aspect of new imperialism as missionaries converted people of foreign countries by convincing them to change to their ways showing them of their benefits. It is by visiting these nations that great potentials were realized, for example, raw materials and agricultural production. The military and navy growth and development also had great contribution to the imperialism spirit in the colonial powers and this led to great political power and control of strategic areas. Industrial revolution was another factor that accelerated imperialism as a need for competition for good markets and natural resources came about (Harvey 26) Causes of New imperialism The general causes of New imperialism were search for cheap and productive land, search for goods with high demand in mass consumption markets, search for raw materials needed for the process of industrialization, need for new and extensive markets for their products that are too much as a result of industrialization, search for affordable but experienced labor, expansion of territories among others. Effects of New Imperialism New imperialism had both positive and negative effects to the colonized nations in Africa, Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe among other nations. As a result of new imperialism, there were new social views and debates about colonialism as it is associated with negative aspects like financial depletion and moral decay by interfering with traditional institutions and ways of thinking replacing them with western ways of life hence erosion of cultural values. New imperialism enhanced the process of industrialization and promoted the creation of nation-states and nationalism. To the colonies, it led to the emergence of markets in mother countries as they exported their goods to them. It also led to domination of politics hence political submissiveness of the colonies, ethnic rivalries, and racism in the developing countries; for e
Introduction The current interest devoted to child safety, to advance the value of their lives, and to ensure that their rights are appreciated. However, their rights have unavoidably influenced the legal field, and predominantly, the study of a child witness, particularly in sexual misuse cases. This further resulted in a heated debate, concerning forensic interviewers. Some researchers argue that interviewers also have their own discrimination, attitudes, and anticipations about a confrontation for which a child has been called upon to give evidence. There are also those who argue that the board of judges, legal representatives, and consultants can more or less deliberately manipulate children’s evidence by telling what replies they wish to hear, thus ultimately inducing children to narrate fictional details, which are typically a consequence of suggestibility and fantastic action. This research paper will attempt to capture issues related to child testimony more so in the issue of child abuse and finally problems different people experience in this field. It is very tricky to achieve precise information from young children. (Weiner&et al 22). Research development According to research, an estimated 200,000 children are caught up in the legal system annually, a quarter of this more often are in the preschool age. The majority of such cases are mainly in sexual abuse. While even preschool-age kids are relatively competent in presenting truthful evidence, they are also more susceptible to having their statements and their reminiscences distorted in such a manner that, it is at times impossible to know the truth. As a result, the public and expert view about the integrity of children as eyewitnesses in sexual mistreatment cases has resulted in sharp divisions. We find that they are those who hold the idea that children reveal information of sexual cruelty, no matter what methods are put in place to acquire their revelation; therefore they hold the assumption that children do not create fake information of their individual sexual discrimination. While there are those that believe that children are as powerless as sponges who saturate up interviewers’ submissions and repeat these ideas in court. (Durston 218). In the past two decades, the United States has witnessed a remarkable increase in cases of sexual abuse. The tendency has been persistent in recent years. The number of such cases growing progressively from 325,000 in the late 1980s to
Introduction The natural living environment is characterized by high biological diversity, which predetermines the relationship between populations and species. It is wrong to believe that the natural evolutionary mechanisms, which led to the formation of a new species, were aimed at creating absolutely friendly conditions in which different taxons could coexist freely. On the contrary, among a large number of representatives of flora and fauna, it is possible to find organisms that purposefully cause damage to other animals or plants: both for food and to meet the ethological needs. Thus, the most dangerous species are invasive species, which is defined as artificially introduced species into an isolated area, embedded in trophic chains and threatening the local biological diversity. The Asian giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia , which is the subject of this study, is described as one of the most prominent examples of invasive animals destroying populations of honeybees in East Asia and recently discovered for the first time on the North American continent. The purpose of this term paper is to discuss the current state of knowledge about the
Introduction A personality disorder can best be described as a persistent pattern of inner behavior and experience that markedly contrasts with a person’s culture; is inflexible and pervasive, and normally appears in the adolescent stage or early adulthood. Such behavior or experience tends to be quite stable but with time, leads to impairment or actual distress. For an individual to be diagnosed as suffering from a personality disorder, he or she must persistently demonstrate the classified behavior to the extent that their ability to function occupationally or socially is thus considered to be suffering from some form of impairment. Personality disorders are therefore differentiated from personality traits in the sense that the former are inflexible, abnormal behavioral patterns observed over a long duration, and which deviate from normal or acceptable cultural norms (Boyd 436-437, 476). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is the term used to refer to a mental condition in which a victim is too preoccupied with perfectionism, orderliness, and interpersonal and mental control, at the expense of efficiency, openness and flexibility. Order, control and quality are very admirable human traits but in persons suffering from the OCPD, these traits get to very unhealthy extremes. Persons suffering from OCPD are often overly disciplined, fastidious, rigid, orderly, critical, meticulous, obstinate, white and black thinkers, as well as hair splitters. Such people are also very often obsessed with moral lapses and infractions of others; are overly frugal, conscientious and inflexible. These behavioral characteristics appear to be inborn temperants or a part of the person’s basic personality structure. In some cases, symptoms of OCPD overlap with giftedness whereby traits become highly similar to behaviors observed in some of the perfectionist gifted children (Webb et al., 89). OCPD is the most common personality disorder identified in the general population and the most interesting aspect about the disorder is that; it is highly associated with higher education and marriage, whereby victims of the disorder are identified as having higher incomes than those without the disorder. In OCPD like in most of the other personality disorders, little evidence has been made available that identifies any biological formulation of the disorder. Biologically, victims of OCPD are however likely to have suffered from anhedonic temperant during infancy. First born children have also been identified to be more prone to compulsive style of behavior than their siblings. Individuals suffering from OCPD have been noted to have grown up in families that placed great emphasis on rule-
Inequalities/ opportunities in modern society One can provide an analysis of the changes to work and society upon securitizing the changes on basis of three frameworks. He/she can carry out the analysis through social seclusion, through imaging or organizational identities, and through the emergence of new classes of people. Florida looks at the changes in the work of today as being attributed to the transformations encountered in everyday life. Modern work has changed letting loose 1950’s rules, dressing codes, and adopting new work schedules as opposed to 1950s 8.00-5.00 work schedule. People would report to work and leave as they wish. Also, racial discrimination and ethnicity have become something of the past with people of any race occupying any leadership position in as much he/ or she is qualified. He particularly noted that “our fundamental social forms are shifting as well, driven by forces traceable to creative ethos” (Florida 2002, p.7). The transformations offer a myriad of opportunities to everyone without discrimination whatsoever. Du Gay (1996) claims that the modern-day work environs and society seems surrounded by opportunities brought about by technological sophistication. He notes that “the internal world of retail is being re-imagined through managerial discourse of excellence as a place where productivity is to be enhanced, customer needs satisfied, quality service guaranteed, flexibility enhanced and creative innovation fostered” (Du Gay 1996, p.119). Du Gay’s line of thought orientation is stronger by the fact that the incorporation of varying technologies has resulted in senior personnel’s management tactics aspirations undergoing a transformation into new methods of the society’s working population adopting new mechanisms of work. It proves however paramount to evaluate how much people consume the technology in an attempt to make a total change in the manner in which the society ought to be transformed. The technology, as subjected to various groups of people stands out as no choice and therefore not worth keeping at bay. I find the ideas of Florida and du Gay not satisfying since according to the arguments, forces that shape our social changes at our places of work are beyond our capacity to control them. In as much the advocated technology translates to people living in a virtual world in which work takes place online, has seen the very ways that linked people broken. Florida notes that “technology and unbridled market force are making us work harder and faster, leaving us with very less time to enjoy each other and our interests” (p.7). Consequently, human connections and neighborhoods have suffered significant destruction. Anthias’ ideas on the seclusion of social classes are more convincing since attributing the change
Strategic planning is a complex organizational process that requires fundamental awareness regarding community, product, and business expansion techniques. Jane is a highly qualified employee who has been promoted for significant contributions to management publications of importance to a broad audience. However, members identified it as insufficient prerequisites for further career advancement. The main stumbling blocks were the lack of experience in CRM, corporate and environmental analysis, and data collection on the appropriateness of a particular strategic structure. The responsible committee includes seven members from the various executive and institutional divisions of the company. Consideration of Jane’s application requires discussion based on narrative, corporate reports, and an assessment of the candidate’s career path. Most of the members stated that Jane’s current experience, skills, and area of professional interest did not match those desired for the position. In particular, the commission noted that the specialist has concentrated on management publications for a broad audience, which has insufficient cases of contact with the required skills. The first point of inconsistency is skills regarding innovation and change in the corporate and external environment. Jane has no practical experience in CRM or related marketing or management specialties. As known, this scope of knowledge shows analytical skills in relationships with the team, clients, and the community. Members noted that Jane would not be able to deliver a broader corporate vision or innovate a proposal or marketing policy. Moreover, it is these qualities that should be the basis of the required candidate. Thus, Jane does not have strategies for analyzing a dynamic market structure and adapting the corporate vision to innovative external trends. Required skills and experience include analyzing the corporate and macro environment. It is no secret that the diversification of business areas means fiercer competition for companies. Consequently, collecting data from the team, the clients, and the market environment allows enterprises to make timely business transformation decisions. Members noted that the candidate must take leadership in terms of innovation and adapt the corporate vision to relevant missions. Jane lacks qualifications such as analyzing internal and external markers of a company’s performance. For example, studying the sales statistics and the regional economy, assessing the technological potential within the current policy, and the team’s psychographic connection to the potential organizational goals are essential skills for the candidate. The board examined Jane’s career path and experience and concluded that demonstrated qualifications would not allow the company to transform its vision into a dynamic market structure. The commission t
Introduction Today, more than ever before, managers are increasingly looking for ways to craft a motivational environment which can facilitate employees to perform at their maximum levels in the pursuit of accomplishing the objectives set by the organization (Ballentine et al, 2009). Towards this aim, managers have developed a variety of workplace incentives, mostly in the form of monetary and non-monetary motivators, which focus to reward hard work, professionalism and loyalty. Employees are the greatest asset of any organization since they almost single handed decide the position of the organization in either maintaining its competitive advantage or receding back to oblivion (Edwards et al, 2008). Their treatment, therefore, is a fundamental management strategy in the 21 st century. This paper will seek to demonstrate that non-monetary incentives are more significant to employees than money. Main text It is important to recognize that both monetary and non-monetary incentives, otherwise known as total rewards, are offered to employees in diverse ways for purposes of attracting and motivating them to the ideals of the organization (Mathis & Jackson, 2008). The acceptability and value of these incentives in the eyes of employees is dependent on range of factors, which includes age, position of employment, needs, industry classification, and employee commitment (Ballentine et al, 2009; Gratton, 2007). For example, an employee who is not committed to the long-term objectives of an organization may opt for monetary incentives, which includes mutual funds, bonuses, earnings sharing, fully paid holidays, and stock options (Ballentine et al, 2009). In most cases, the main objective of monetary enticements is to reward employees for excelling in their respective jobs through money. On the other hand, Non-monetary inducements go further than rewarding employees for their excellence thorough money to ensuring their individual and career development through offering more opportunities for upward growth and mobility (Sparrowhawk, 2008; Ballentine et al, 2009). Such incentives include independence and autonomy, flexible working hours, recognition, training and advancement, satisfying work environment, opportunity to contribute, and vacations. Analysts are of the opinion that non-monetary incentives not only help to trigger the desired loyalty, commitment, and motivation on the part of employees to assist in the pursuit of organization’s goals and objectives, but the
The journal article by Catherine Strong, titled “Grunge, Riot Grrrl and the Forgetting of Women in Popular Culture,” depicts women in history as being forgotten. The author uses the Grunge era of the 1990’s in her analysis as the point of reference. The survey makes a clear reference to the Australians that were living in the era at the time. Additionally, the author makes a string reference to the articles and media sources that existed, in an endeavor to unearth why many women rockers were forgotten. From the article, the Grunge era was characterized by anti-sexism and gender neutrality. As noted, many female musicians apart from Courtney Love were regarded as “Riot Grrrls”, a situation that made it difficult to remember individual female artists. The author attributes this behavior of female discrimination to the idea that people do not regard females as dedicated and serious, regarding them as sexual objects. The people’s belief in addition makes the media, which is supposed to market them and announce their popularity, look down upon them as they mostly compare them with the male counterparts. Additionally, many female rockers have been forgotten because of their desire to be liberal and non-sexists. The media mostly directs its attention on the new females in rock, other than concentrating on the established women rockers. Any female who decided to join a male’s band was given the role of a bassist, making them get devalued and in turn worsening the situation. The “Riot Grrrl” movement as presented was one of the feminists groups in the Grunge area. Additionally the movement was involved in politics and was supported by male artists such as Nirvana’s Kurt Cobain. Many females were actively involved in the music industry during the Grunge era. The women openly declared their rights and desires in the music and were very confrontational. They felt suppressed and thus obviously made their anger known to the society through music while rejecting any offer to speak publicly through the media. This however made it difficult for them to keep any records as documentation was almost non-existent and the possibility of future remembrance completely destroyed. The society either does not support any women rockers and as noted, many of the interviewed people were insensitive indicating the presence of masculine society. Various people brought up Kurt Cobain and Eddie Vedder and other mentioned female artists, including Courtney Love and L7. All regarded females as “eye candy” and the bands were male dominated. The Grunge era thus regarded women as people who should be seen and not heard. The era indicated a time where women were not regarded as rockers and their role into music was limited. Men who had women in their bands despite havin
History of the company Jetstar Airways is an Australian air transport company with its headquarters in Melbourne. This low-cost airline was created in order to counteract the competition brought by the Virgin Blue airways to the Qantas. This airline was indented to offer cheap air transport to the Australians. It is worth noting that jetstar is a subsidiary of the Qantas and faces competition from a several air transport providers in the region. Other airlines associated with Qantas, the mother of jetstar airways include Jetstar Asia Airways, Value Air and Jetstar Pacific Airlines. The major competitors of Jetstar airways are Virgin Australia, Tiger Airways Singapore and the Tiger Airways Australia (Eagleeye, 2011). Having been launched by its parent airways provider the Qantas in 2001, Jetstar Airways started offering its services to the Australians on the 25 th of May 2004. The company was received well in the market and this motivated it to start offering international services in 2005. Although the company originated from the Qantas, it should be noted that it has an independent operating system from that of its mother company. The diagramed below gives a summary of Jetstar Airways indicating the type and number of crafts owned by the company in 2001, the number of passengers in each type of craft and their destinations. Figure 1 Jetstar Airways Fleet Aircraft               Total  Orders  Passengers  Notes J                      Y      Total                                                                                                                           Australian & New Zealand domestic routes; Airbus A320-200        45     12      —           177    177                                                             Asian and trans-Tasman routes;                                                                                                                                     Sydney to Nadi                            —                      180    180    Airbus A321-200        6      9       —           213    213                                                             Australian domestic routes;                                                                                                                                        Asian routes.                             —                      214    214    Airbus A330-200        11     2       38          265    303                                                             International routes.                     Boeing 787-8           —      15 [    TBA         313    This type is expected to boost international routes in future. Total                  62     38+                 Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetstar_Airways Issues affecting Jetstar Airways Jetstar Airways is currently facing management problems. This is evident from the feed back given by travelers after using Jetlink Services. For instance, customers have for a long time companied about the challenges they face when seeking to buy tickets. A case in point occurred on the Friday of 4 th April 2011 when a customer co