ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Educational strategies are the instructional methods and the learning activities used in imparting knowledge and skills to the learners. Miss Brodie and Miss Mackay have different views on the scope of education. The difference is visible in their execution strategy and perception on the role of the learner. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the differences between Miss Brodie’s and Miss Mackay’s idea of education. Differences Miss Brodie believes that education encompasses leading the learners. In her view, education is only complete when the learner is guided to understand the concepts that are already internalized in his or her soul. Miss Brodie notes that, “to me education is a leading out of what is already there in the pupil’s soul” (Spark 36). In direct contrast, Miss Mackay believes that education involves imparting of knowledge into a learner who previously was void of such knowledge. Basically, “Miss Mackay’s method is to thrust a lot of information into the pupil’s head” (Spark 37). Apparently, Miss Brodie’s discussion approach engages the students as non proactive learning partners who are expected to be part of the solution to learning problems. It helps develop psychomotor and communication skills of the learners even though time consuming. Problem-solving is a strategy in which the teacher illustrates using well done examples to the learners to guide them in organizing their solutions. This aspect is more efficient in giving guidance to the learners in solving their problems during the lesson plan execution. It improves learner’s communication skills as well as participation. Discussion is a strategy in which the teacher simply gives guidance to the learners as they solve problems, it gives the students an opportunity to have a broader view of the concept as well as develop confidence. For instance, Miss Brodie retorts that “you were not listening to me. If only you small girlswould listen to me I would make of you the crème de la crème” (Spark 25). On the other hand, Miss Mackay has the role of responsibility definition that pulls together the learning materials and resources such as coursework, basic learning skills, and practical assessments with an assumption that the learners have no prior knowledge of the concepts. She has entrusted the learner(s) with the power to make decisions on how the learning process should be handled. Besides, she has employed different teaching strategies such as learner oriented model. This model puts the learner in the forefront of the learning activity rather than being an observer. This will eventually give the learner a strong voice in the learning process (Spark 38). Personal reflection In my opinion, Miss Mackay’s teaching approach is ideal in any classroom setting since it is void of assumptions. Learning process functions in a dynamic but systematic process that is greatl
Executive Summary Staffing problems encountered by British Airways have been a thorn in the flesh for the company for the longest time. In this regard, the company has experienced endless periods characterized by push and pull strategies, adopted by both the employees and the management (against each other). In this regard, the company has had a difficult time trying to implement its future business strategies, but more specifically, its staffing strategies. This study recommends that implementing less traditional staffing plans and more pragmatic approaches can go a long way in relieving the company endless stressful periods of dealing with its staffing problems. It is important to note that even though the company may not necessarily have to change its staffing strategies, it needs to change the way it implements the strategies. This study points out that the main objective for the company should be coming up with a different context for implementing its staffing strategies. This study also recommends that the company should refrain from coming up with articulate and current solutions meant to tackle future problems (or come up with future strategic staffing solutions with certainty and surety), because unforeseen factors may cause such strategies to be ineffective in the long run. These odds abound, the company should strive to review its staffing strategies to blend with its overall long term strategic vision through ridding the company of its staffing problems first. Introduction In human resource management, staffing is one of the most important factors needed for the overall human resource strategy of a company to work. If staffing issues are well managed, human resource strategies function better, leading to the ultimate realization of organizational goals. Human resource functions are basically defined by a number of factors, but the most important are the size of the organization, the general employment climate and the operational dynamics of the organization (depending on the functions of the organization which are in tandem with the human resource strategies of the company) (Kathy, 2011, p. 1). Staffing is one of the most important facets of human resource management as explained by human resource professionals (cited in Kathy, 2011, p. 3) because it is in the same category with other equally important human resource facets such as employee training, employee education, employee benefits and employee remuneration. From this analysis, Kathy (2011, p. 3) explains that “This indicates that HR is most likely to support an organization’s business strategy through human capital-related areas such as building, developing and maintaining the workforce”. Most organizations actually comprehend the fact that a viable staffing plan can bring unprecedented benefits for an organization and therefore many strive to develop staffing strategies or workforce plans to enjoy these benefits. Even though these efforts have been applauded by most experts, many have noted that most organizations are having a difficult time implementing staffing strategies because most are ineffective (considering their predicted advantages are not
Holocaust, the extermination of Jews from the European land was the example of brutality and viciousness of the Nazi Germany. The post holocaust era was one of the remarkable eras in the Jewish history. It did not only jolt the Jewish history but also the world history. In order to interpret the results different Jewish responses came out and evaluated the issue according to their personal psychological aspect. About 80,000 survivors of the holocaust immigrated to the United States only between the years 1945 and 1952. On one hand, they had to complete the thorny task of rebuilding their demolished lives and on the other hand they were trying hard to get back the previous normal state of their retarded minds which got hurt after the terrible incident. Meanwhile, many historians were observing the situation critically and wanted to present their ideas about the Holocaust and the injustice of the Nazi Germany. All the Jewish responses are of course negative and sour but they also differ with respect to their difference in vision which makes us to mention those evaluations in this paper. We can find a great deal of literature about the evaluation of Holocaust by different Jewish historians and by which we will be able to present our evaluation about the matter. In this paper, we will be discussing the evaluation of two Jewish historians which are considered as the masters of the Holocaust studies on their part respectively. We are going to elaborate the ideas of the post Holocaust era by the two famous historians Richard L. Rubenstein and Emil Ludwig Fackenheim. Rubenstein is regarded as one of the excellent religious writers of the past. He was an educator and an eminent writer in the American Jewish community. His study related to the Holocaust studies is commendable [1] . On the other hand, if we talk about the Fackenheim’s contribution towards the Holocaust study we can say that his contributions should be noted. He considered Holocaust as the one incident who brought a remarkable change in the Jewish history [2] . Both the writers have elaborated their ideas in a different way but on few points they also agree with each other. We are going to discuss the perceptions and ideas of both the writers and then we will derive our evaluation [3] . If we talk about Rubenstein than he was the one writer who had not experience the Holocaust but the issue compelled him to write about it. He has observed the incident religiously. In his book “After Auschwitz” Rubenstein has in a way negotiated about the Jewish concept of religion in which people are observed by God and He will decide the punishment and reward of their sins or good deeds. He said that the Holocaust event has nothing to do with the personal doings of the Jews. The incident cannot be considered as the negative reaction of Jewish sins and Hitler cannot be regarded as their Lord who is observing their acts and is ready to pu
Introduction Marketing has defined responsibilities in a typical organization which is quite distinct from the other functional departments. These include identifying and defining the target market, determining the customer wants as well as how to add customer value. Marketing departments make decisions on matters such as which products to offer to the customers, how to package and advertise them, where to sell the products, and for how much. However, the marketing department needs to work in close cooperation with the other departments to achieve its objectives. Otherwise, it might end up not delivering the promises it made to the customers when marketing. To produce goods/services that meet customer needs marketing needs the services of other departments like human resource, finance, and production department (Lancaster & Reynolds, 2005). How Marketing is linked and integrated with other Functions The marketing department cannot act in isolation because the decisions made by the marketing department affect other functional areas. Likewise, the decisions of other departments affect the marketing department. This can be explained as follows; Production department is concerned with system processes whereby it is transforming inputs into outputs according to what the marketing department determined that would meet customers’ requirements (Blythe & Zimmerman, 2005). The marketing department needs to coordinate with the production department to ensure that what is produced meets the customers’ needs. It must also ensure that the quantity is enough to meet the demand as simulated by the marketers. Otherwise, if demand surpasses supply the customers will be disappointed (Doyle, 1995). The human resource department is concerned with recruiting and selecting employees, training them as well as evaluating and compensating them. The marketing department needs to work closely with the HR department to get employees that will fit into the marketing strategy of the firm. The type of compensation should be reached in coordination between both departments because the marketing department understands the workload and the HR department is charged with handling employees’ matters. One of the functions of the finance department is to finance the activities of the business, by either selling stock or bonds or through loans (Lussier, 2008). The finance department keeps records of transactions and prepares budgets. It is also charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the organization’s cash reserves are used optimally
Introduction E-commerce has emerged as a distinct and important phenomenon in the business world and its influence in the business world is daily increasing. E-commerce promises to have a significant and positive impact on businesses everywhere. Policymakers and researchers are of the opinion that e-commerce is the future of business as its benefits become more evident. Zwass (2003) defines e-commerce as “the sharing of business information, maintaining of business relationships, and conducting of business transactions by means of telecommunications networks” (p.8). It offers many opportunities for businesses, as they are able to exploit the power of the computer and the internet in their everyday operations. The global potential of e-commerce has made it attractive for many companies that hope to achieve considerable gains from e-commerce activities. For e-commerce to take place, a payment system has to be implemented. Electronic payment systems are the preferred method in e-commerce since they are cheaper and more efficient. These systems make it possible for complete business transactions to take place solely through the internet. However, electronic payment systems bring about a number of issues for both the customer and the business. This paper will set out to review electronic payment systems for e-commerce and discuss some of the issues that are inherent in these systems. Solutions that are applicable to address the issues will also be highlighted. Electronic Payment Systems Since e-commerce relates to selling goods and/or services over the internet, the issue of on-line payment system is intricately linked to the e-commerce phenomenon. Zheng (2008) articulates this need by noting that all commercial activities need some form of payment system in order for transactions to be carried out and e-commerce is not exempt from this. While offline payment methods can be employed in e-commerce, they would negate the advantages of efficiency and convenience that e-commerce promises to give. It is therefore important to employ payment methods that can be utilized in an online environment. Electronic Payment (E-payment) technology is one of the most important aspects in the development of ecommerce and its development greatly influences the fate of ecommerce (Zheng, 2008). Bushry (2005) documents that electronic payment systems are already proliferating in banking, retail, and on-line markets. This underscores the fact that electronic payment systems are increasingly popular in many developed nations and electronic payments are becoming preferable to the use of cash in many scenarios. E-payment exhibits a number of characteristics that are different from traditional means of payment. To begin with, it introduces digital circulation which means that all payments are digitized (Zheng, 2008). The working environment of e-payment is also based on the internet, which is a relatively open system platform. E-payment also makes use of advance communication means and it has a very high requirement for hardware and software facilities. These facilities are mandatory for supporting e-payments and without them; the payment system is rendered useless (Zh
The use of wheelchairs has continued to be on the rise due to many people who have mobility problems. Physically challenged individuals and the sick have been facing difficulties with the current manual wheelchairs. The development of electric wheelchairs that can be convertible into beds is a further extension of the current mechanical wheelchairs that are prone to pushing or pulling for movement. Marketing managers are responsible for designing and developing viable and feasible programs for corporations. This is directly linked to goals creation and strategic identification (Kotler & Keller, 2016). The main objective of the study is to analyze the current market of an automated wheelchair convertible into a bed. The objective of this study is to provide background information to the AHP company management if convertible electric wheelchairs will be profitable, as a new product. Electronic wheelchairs are multifunctional machines that perform operations surpassing the current manual wheelchair. It consists of several adjustable parts such as a backrest, leg rest, and can also be improvised through extensions to convert into a bed. To have an insight into the production and functions of this modern machine, the cost of production of a unit against the sales should be profitable to the AHP company. The wheelchair is aimed at solving the following mobility-related problems that the company identified. Problems of transferring the patients from beds to wheelchairs and vice versa, discomfort caused to the patient by the current manual wheelchairs, especially by sitting in one position for a long time. Moreover, difficulty in using the current manual wheelchairs by paraplegic patients (Tu, 2020). The marketing research plan for the automatic wheelchair is based on the availability of research implements to facilitate the study process. The most available tools for the research are the internet, cameras, and video recorders. Moreover, health facilities that handle the physically challenged, will be ideal for data collection and presentation. Developing a marketing research plan is the role of managers in companies, this is an imperative aspect for the corporation since the product under discussion is new to the AHP company. Identifying and consistency delivering the needs of customers, cognizant of their perceived values is sometimes a daunting task (Kotler & Keller, 2016). As a manager, finding a solution to this problem is an avoidable task. The target market will be mostly hospitals and institutions that are offering services related to the people in need of the product. The available print and electronic media will be ideal for marketing the convertible wheelchair. On the other hand, it can be sold on a promotional basis for quic
Introduction A computer is an electronic machine that is vulnerable to many risks. The computer ought to be protected from risks such as viruses that may affect their normal functioning. In dealing with computer security, many scientists have come up with different ways of protecting a computer from unauthorized parties. There are many technical areas of computer security but the main ones are initialized CIA. This initials stand for confidentiality, integrity and authentication. Confidentiality means that other unauthorized persons cannot access what is in the computer. Integrity is used to mean that the information in the computer cannot be hacked or changed by unauthorized persons. Authentication is used to mean that the information in the computer is only available and accessible to the authorized parties (Seong 24). The main reason for enhancing computer security is protecting it from unauthorized persons who cause destructions to the computer system hence interfering with confidential information. Another issue with computer security is privacy that is related to people who use the internet everyday and they are supposed to ensure that they protect their personal information from the websites they deal with. To ensure that these security systems are in work, some fault-tolerance methods are necessary as discussed below (Seong 83). Discussion Most of the software fault tolerance methods are advancements of the old hardware fault tolerance methods that were less effective in performance. Three software fault-tolerance methods are in use today as discussed (Bishop 45). Recovery blocks Randell developed the method in which an adjudicator is used to confirm the effects of a similar algorithm. The system using this method is broken down into small recoverable blocks that build up the entire computer security system. Each of the small blocks is connected alongside primary, secondary and tertiary case codes, which are just next to the adjudicator. According to Seong, “the adjudicator is used to show the effectiveness of the various blocks and incase the primary block fails, then it rolls backs the state of the system and tries to fix the secondary block” (76). In case of failure of a block, then it reveals that the block is not worthy for use. N-version software This method works parallel to the traditional N-version hardware. In this method, there are different models that are made up of N different implementations. Each of the variants/ models returns its results after performing any action. It is
Introduction Humour has been defined as a form of assembling behaviour and regularities in a society to make people laugh. Humour has been said to constitute two opposing realities. The social diversity between different people is a key indicator of what to be considered humorous. There many situations which generate humour to different individuals depending on the cultural background. It has also been said that age and gender plays an increasingly influencing role in identifying the response of people on different jokes (Oropeza-Escobar, M. 2011). Functions of joking Since humour applies to different cultural and social group, it has been said to have a sole function of enhancing class interactions. Joking creates a relationship whereby two individual or groups of people become free to exchange any form of communication. Humour has a vital function, which it makes sure that potentially disruptive sentiments are contained through a joking way. In other words, what may appear to be a sensitive issue may be discussed without being serious. It serves like a defence in situations when a person makes a controversial statement than simply asserting it was to be a joke. Secondly, humour is also used as an expression of a common identity whereby a person makes fun of a situation he/she is experiencin
Background The use of pencil began in the early years of the industrial revolution, and the main users have always been craftsmen and artists. Over the years, Faber-Castelle, a company that has been in business from 1761, has been the main producer of pencil, with many designs being sold to the market. However, the emergence of information technology proved to be a major challenge to the company, as demand for pencils declined, with many people preferring the use of computers. As a result, the company continued to conduct research on innovation, designs and capabilities of pencils with the aim of promoting their continued use. Even with the advancement of computer technology, pencils still remain relevant, and this is evidenced by the fact that Faber Castelle has continued to grow in terms of production capacity and profitability from the sale of pencils. Indeed, its pencils are very popular in developing countries mainly because they are sturdy and cheap, thus they can be accessed by many people whose purchasing power is low. This paper will discuss strategies that Faber Castelle has used to remain relevant in the market despite various issues and challenges. Faber-Castelle’s Core Competencies Company’s Mission Faber Castell has been able to stay relevant for a long time, mainly because of its commitment to keeping customers satisfied. The mission statement of the company is to have the values of the company well managed. The business should include social and environmental responsibility, as well as human virtues such as honesty, humbleness and tolerance. Moreover, the company signed a social charter in 2000, which prohibited child labour and discrimination in addition to protecting employers from exploitation by employers. The company is not interested in short-term goals that will only bring short time profits; rather, its intentions are anchored on long-term goals that have the potential of generating sustainable profits for the generations to come. Internal Forces The company has been able to manage its resources, internal controls and production capacity. Faber Castelle has been able to maintain a healthy inventory management system that ensures raw materials are replenished in time even before they start dwindling. In addition, the company procures high-quality inputs that enhance its ability to produce the best pencils in the world used by the world’s best artists in their artwork. One important internal capability of Faber Castelle is its investment in research and development such that it is able to know what customers need at any given time. The company used one of the best mass customization strategies, commonly referred to as collaborative customization; this involved the company holding dialogue with present and prospective customers and then developing outputs that reflect the needs of such customers. Another mass customization strategy used w