ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The term human resources (HR) in the organizational sphere refers to the manpower or workforce of an organization be it one that is profit oriented or non-profit. The term gained prominence in the 1960s and presently, it is used in almost all organizations worldwide. Human resource education refers to the teaching of human resource management which is actually the profession that handles employees’ issues and all key areas in the organization that deal with the interaction between people. The reason why human resource education is important is that human capital is the most basic asset of any organization and its success is dependent on the motivation and zeal of employees to achieve set goals and objectives. Human resource education therefore has various aspects that can be said to relate to the motivation and welfare of workers. However, this is not the only role of the HR manager. Other important duties include recruitment and ensuring that selection of employees complies with the local and national labor laws; keeping employees’ records; managing employee behavior; organizational design; industrial relations; running compensation and employee benefit schemes and training employees where necessary. It is the first role of recruitment and ensuring legal selection methods that is relevant to this research. It is vital that human resource managers learn that the recruitment and selection processes of an organization have provisions in law especially on issues of discrimination. This research paper shall consider what the HR student needs to learn that pertains to legal selection and recruitment methods. Discussion Arnold (2004) states that there are several principles that must guide human resource managers when it comes to selection and recruitment of employees according to the law. These principles are; fairness, standardization, appropriateness and objectivity. Fairness is definitely the most important aspect in selection especially due to the provisions that the law has provided against discrimination. In EEOC v. EchoStar Communications Corp. (2005), a jury verdict harshly punished the defendant company for overlooking the needs of a blind person during the recruitment process. The company had failed to acquire equipment that could be used by blind customer care staff and worse still, they had given him a Braille test that was three times bigger than the test they were giving to other applicants. Using the case of EEOC v, EchoStar (2005) as an example, there is need for HR students to be taught the value of fairness in recruitment and selection. The principle of standardiz
The focal point of this paper is to prepare an insight into Wassily Kandinsky’s famous painting Yellow, Red, Blue , painted in 1925. This work of art is an exceptional artistic expression Oil on canvas, 127x200cm, and is currently located in Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris. This painting is incomparable for its use of space all over the canvas, and the application of dimension in the form of space is unique. (Kandinsky, 1) He made space speak a language and narration that was beyond imagination. With his penetrating look and absorbing concern, he explores the innate charm of an object of art. According to the celebrated Latin poet Ovid, art lies in concealing art. If art is the magic of holding back time, then artists are the magicians who captivate time in colors and canvases. As time passes by, several take birth and perish, but some people with their achievements and contributions leave their footprints on the sands of time. These people remain immortal forever in the pages of history and, along with them, last the movements created by them. One such artist is Wass
Introduction In healthcare, information technology (IT) is used with increasing frequency. The primary reason for this development is that IT has multiple positive features when compared to the more traditional tools of nursing and healthcare (Zhang, Qiu, Tsai, Hassan, & Alamri,2017,p88). Additionally, nursing depends on data to a noticeable extent, which highlights the potential benefits of appropriate IT management for the field (Sensmeier,2015,p22). However, IT remains a relatively new addition to the context, which is why it is still not optimized in many respects (Alkraiji, Jackson, & Murray,2011,pp345-346). As a result, even though data standards are of great importance due to their ability to make IT use more efficient, their development and adoption in healthcare and nursing are not finished yet. The present paper will focus on recent research on the topic and offer some conclusions about the need for data standards in healthcare and nursing. Also, the challenges to their development will be considered to explain their current absence and make recommendations for the future. It can be suggested that data standards promise important benefits for health information, but to ensure their development, more combined governmental, academic, and practitioner efforts should be directed at resolving the issue. Literature Synthesis The Importance of Data Standards in Nursing Data standards are significant for a variety of reasons in any field, but in healthcare and nursing, they may be particularly important. The first evidence of professionals attempting to develop healthcare standards dates back to the London Bills of Mortality, which were established in 1528 and could be described as an early classification of diseases (Richesson & Chute,2015,p492). Since then, more advanced classifications were offered, and in the previous century, specific nursing terminologies were developed to distinguish and standardize nursing knowledge as well (Westra et al.,2015a,p601). No universal nomenclature in the field exists for the time being, but the need for it becomes increasingly apparent. As more modern tools are employed in healthcare, they also still require standardization (Zhang et al.,2017,p88), and this fact is especially true for health IT. IT is extremely important for modern healthcare; it is widely employed and has multiple positive outcomes (Zhang et al.,2017,p88), which is why nursing is interested in using it to its full potential. Data standards are among the tools that can improve the use of IT in healthcare. Indeed, the primary aim of data standards consists of ensuring the consistency of data in one system and the improved exchange of data between different systems (Boris et al.,2017,p3). It is immediately apparent why data standards can be beneficial, but some additional
Introduction The mouthwash market is a $1-billion-a-year sector of the oral hygiene industry in which the major players are Pfizer, Procter & Gamble and Colgate. Pfizer is first on the list because its Listerine brands of mouthwash dominates the global market with a 27 percent share, leaving the Scope line of mouthwash products from Procter & Gamble a 10 percent share of the market, and Colgate’s Plak an even smaller share. From the time Procter & Gamble launched its Scope in 1967, it has never overtaken Listerine as market leader, which has a longer history and was first on the market. Following an impressive growth in most of its business units, such as the P&G Beauty, P&G Household Care and P&G Health and Well Being, Procter & Gamble decides that it has grown tired of playing second best to Pfizer and now wants to increase its market share, sales volume and profitability for Scope. It can afford the expense that the plan entails since Procter & Gamble was adjudged by the Advertising Age as the world’s No. 1 advertiser with a global advertising expenditure of $8.5 billion in 2006. Obviously, the ambitious plan for Scope cannot be accomplished by maintaining the status quo. It has to reposition the product, develop a new product as brand extension or flanker product, or develop a new marketing plan for the existing product. This paper explores the marketing possibilities by which Procter & Gamble can lift the sales performance of Scope and grab a bigger share of the growing mouthwash market, at the end of which we propose the best strategy that the company can adopt. The Company & the Product Procter & Gamble is a giant in household products with annual revenues of $76.4 billion through its strong presence in the US, UK, France, India, Germany, Japan and in other European, Asian and Latin American countries. P&G set many marketing strategies that are now standard practice in the industry (Procter & Gamble, 2007). It was first to advertise direct to consumers and pioneered the soap opera concept by sponsoring radio-television dramas for women. It invented fluoride-based toothpaste Crest, apart from the first disposable baby diapers and synthetic detergents. Following a slump in the late 1990s caused by a global slowdown, P&G got back on track in 2002 after the acquisition of Clairol and Wella. This was followed by the acquisition of Gillette in 2005, after which the company was named the world’s No. 1 advertiser with global advertising expenditure reaching $8.5 billion in 2006. Among the best-selling products in the firm’s portfolio described as P&G Prestige Products are Gillette shavers, Pamp
Introduction Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist with an educational background in anthropology; Durkheim acquired his education in France and Germany, where he spent most of his time (Johnstone, 2007). He developed an interest in sociology and studied religion from a scientific approach; it is Durkheim’s ideas on the origin of religion that I find most relevant and which I am therefore going to discuss in this paper. According to Durkheim, religion is a belief system with specific practices directed towards a supernatural being such as a god and includes all the rituals performed by believers of a given system (Christiano, Swatos and Kivisto, 2002). Discussion Durkheim explains that religion developed as people tried to seek an explanation about nature, and since people could not get answers, the assumption was that there existed a power that was far above human explanation, which they concluded to be a god (Johnstone, 2007). To society, religion is not just a set of rules, but it forms the foundation of moral guidelines and is what holds the society together (Johnstone, 2007). For instance, societies with strong religious ties are less aggressive, have lower suicide rates, and high moral standards. In fact, Durkheim used the case of Catholics and Protestants to show how Catholics have lower rates of suicide compared to Protestants because of their strong religious ties (Davie, 2007). Additionally, the system of beliefs and practices of different religions unite its members into one body; Emile Durkheim believes that religion comes from different cultural practices in society (Johnstone, 2007). Such cultural practices in religion connect believers to God and to each other; religion involves feelings that help to build commitment, connect members of the same religion, and enable them to overcome difficult situations together (Davie, 2007). Religion, therefore, helps human beings understand things that they cannot be able to explain and enables them to understand concepts such as seasons, the reason for our existence, and the nature of the human soul. It is a religion which provides guidance on daily activities and explains things that humans seek answers to no avail including natural phenomenon such as death and suffering. Emile Durkheim argues that there is no false religion since all religions unite members of a community together, leading to cohesiveness (Christiano et al., 2002). Thus, religion enables people to unite, brings the society togeth
Abstract This research paper discusses domestic violence, which is also known as intimate partner violence. It also looks at the subsequent effects it inflicts on the day-to-day lives of individuals from the African American Community. Prior research has found out that the prevalence of intimate partner violence is higher within this community of persons when compared to the Caucasian communities. Previous research has suggested this due to the many causes and effects that are experienced by the members and especially the male members of the African American community. This has been attributed to structural, cultural, situational and community contexts. Apart from discussing issues, this paper also tries to look into the source of this scourge in an effort to seek lasting solutions. A survey carried out nationally revealed that 29% of the African American women and 12% of men from the same community have experienced at least an incidence of intimate partner violence from their partners. The survey also affirmed that the African American individuals exhibited higher cases of homicide than those from the Caucasian community. This basically reveals the extent to which intimate partner violence (IPV) has sunk its root deep into the community. Introduction Domestic violence, also known by a number of other names such as spousal abuse, family violence, battering and many others, is a form of an abusive behavior exhibited by a partner against another with who they are in an intimate relationship with. The relationship may be a marriage relation, family, dating or even cohabitation. The abusive behaviors may take different patterns such as physical abuse. This is also known as assault, sexual abuse, emotional torture, domineering tendencies, intimidation, stalking, passive abuse (for example neglect), economic abuse – which entails economic deprivation, and many other forms of abuse (Benson et al ., 1989). Domestic violence is recognized and documented differently for different countries around the globe. All these forms of abuse targeted against another partner always present themselves in the form of repetitive or habitual occurrences whereby one partner makes it a tendency to demean the other. Otherwise, the violence can still be carried out infrequently and still qualify to be categorized as abuse. It can be well affirmed that domestic violence can happen in any form of intimate relationship regardless of race, religion, age or even sexual orientation (Essed, 1991). What may differ is simply the prevalence of the intimate violence in these various contexts. Research has found that domestic violence is a common phenomenon in the African American community. Various reasons have been researched and discussed but never has a lasting solution been found. Problem Statement Domestic violence is
Development and gift-giving The main goal for a charitable organization is reaching out to many people. Ten Thousand Villages is a non-profit organization that provides funds for procurement of handmade products from different artisans around the world. The non-profit organization established its headquarters in Canada. The organization provides a market environment for disadvantaged artisans (Kitchen, 3). They buy directly from poor artisans at prices determined fairly by both parties. The organization provides services which include; developing a world fair trade zone, creating income avenues for disadvantaged artisans, improving and sustaining growth, motivation and capacity building, encouraging fair price of homemade products, creating opportunities for honest income, gender equality, providing assistance through fund-raising programs to mention a few (Kitchen, 1). The organization was founded by Edna Ruth Byler. The website explains its goal and achievements. The organization organizes a non-profit program that adds value to the community. The mission of the organization includes business growth, positive living, value for each product and cultural diversity. Ten Thousand Villages Canada partner’s with artisans to build a lasting relationship through the following ways Sustainability   * Utilize recycle products to produce different gifts   * Repack shipment materials   * Recycle printing materials   * Encourage ecological preservation Community development   * Partner with other non-profitable organizations   * Provide fair trade for the community   * Equip poor producers with raw materials and information   * Provide assistance during crisis. The website presents the organization’s profile and activities. It displays 5 photos on its home page. Each photo reveals the activities, programs and opportunities of the organization. The first photo says, “Win a $1000 gift card from Ten Thousand Villages Canada”. The second photo says, “Thank you, Ten Thousand Villages Ca
Main elements of training and development required in small business enterprise performance A substantial number of researchers in the field of business and economics denote the essence of understanding and diversifying activities in the contemporary business environment as one of the means of ensuring that the performance of any given business remains at par with the expectations of entrepreneurs (Haug, Pedersen & Arlbjørn, 2011). The beginning of the 21 st century saw the need to diversify and expand the business environment through opening of the business environment for small and medium entrepreneurs. Training and development is an essential factor in business performance and development (Mau, 2011). However, training and development has remained to be one of the most challenging attributes of management in most businesses, a factor that impedes business performance. The three main areas of training and development in small businesses include human capital development, devise and effective development of business strategies, and focus on aspects of marketing the small enterprise (Haug, Pedersen & Arlbjørn, 2011). Development of business strategy in small businesses revolves around the knowledge and comprehension of factors of business differentiation that can be derived from operation of medium and large enterprises. Human resource development is another important factor. This is necessitated by competition and changes that prevail in the job market; for instance, the need to adopt and enforce new skills and technologies. Customer acquisition and sustenance is also a crucial factor. Small businesses acquire their customers by virtue of venturing into areas that have not been fully exploited by other enterprises in the market (Mau, 2011). Challenges of managing performance in small businesses Small business managers face an array of challenges in managing performance. The challenges come from complexities that are inherent in the contemporary business environment. The mere presence and operation of large business enterprises in the market is in itself a big challenge for small business performance (Haug, Pedersen & Arlbjørn, 2011). A lot of efforts and research has been directed at identifying the challenges when it comes to training and development in small business enterprises. This emanates from the fact that small businesses have become key pillars of most local economies as they highly boost the performance of national economies. Some of the key training and development areas that have been identified in small and medium business development include: the need for adopting and embracing information technology in enter
Hydraulic fracturing refers to a process of gas and oil extraction that entails breaking rocks using pressure. Hydraulic fracturing began in 1947. However, the technique became popular in 1950. Currently, the process is widely applicable in gas and oil extraction. Despite its popularity, hydraulic fracturing poses a significant threat to both humanity and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for oil and gas, producing companies to look for alternative methods. Hydraulic fracturing contributes to the contamination of underground streams. The gas industry refutes these allegations. The industry maintains that no occurrences of water contamination have been linked to hydraulic fracturing. Colborn et al. claim that this disingenuous argument uses the industry’s definition of hydraulic fracturing to refer “only to the process whereby hydrostatic pressure is used to force cracks in thick rock formations” (1041). People continue to report isolated cases of water contamination as a result of hydraulic fracturing. The extraction of shale gas has led to groundwater contamination due to blowouts, good faulty construction, and seepage of wastewater, among other causes. It may be hard to figure out how water pollution arises due to hydraulic fracturing. Nevertheless, the high number of documented cases proves that hydraulic fracturing is a primary cause of contamination. At least one in every “six abandoned wells leaks into the surrounding area, posing a significant threat to humanity” (Colborn et al. 1046). Hydraulic fracturing contributes to the release of harmful chemicals and radioactive substances into the atmosphere, posing a significant threat to the environment and humanity. The hydraulic fracturing process uses numerous chemical additives and fluids that contain toxic substances. It underlines the reason the gas industry does not disclose the contents of the chemical additives that it uses in fracking fluids (Schmidt 350). Even though some gas companies opt to reveal the contents of the chemical additives that they use to extract oil and gas, they give misleading information.
Introduction This section covers the research design, population, sample, research instruments, and data analysis techniques. The methodology applied aims at coming with the best conclusions on the impact of globalization on the growth of the Chinese economy. Research Approach A research study is approached either deductively or inductively. Induction involves starting a research from reality and later building a theory based on the data collected (Bryman and Bell 2007). On the other hand, deduction refers to the relationship between a recommended theory and the research (Bryman and Bell 2007). In this regard, a hypothesis is either accepted or rejected depending on the results of a research study (Bryman and Bell 2007). For that reason, this research will be performed deductively. Research Design In social research, a research design is required before data collection commences (DeVaus 2001). This study will, therefore, employ descriptive research design. This is because descriptive research is the most appropriate research design in a study that makes use of a hypothesis and research objectives and questions (DeVaus 2001). Data Collection Researchers collect either Primary or secondary data. However, in most research studies, both types of data are collected. Primary data is information that has not been documented (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2003). Secondary data, on the other hand, is information that has been summarized and documented by other researchers (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2003). This research is based on a theoretical framework. Consequently, secondary data will be collected through websites, electronic journals and books and the university library. Research instruments This research will use questionnaires and structured interviews to collect primary data. According to Kajornboon (n.d.), a researcher is able to probe for more information when using interviews and questionnaires to collect data from respondents. Validity and Reliability of the Study Validity means that a research study must produce the intended results (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2003). On the other hand, reliability means that a research has to be done in a dependable way (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2003). To ensure reliability, Cronbach’s alpha will be used to measure internal consistency in this study. Alternatively, validity will be ensured through a pre-test. In this case, a pilot study will be conducted prior to the main research. Population This research study will focus on all trade partners of China. For that reason, the population covered will include all countries trading with china. Sampling techniques This study will employ probability sampling. To be specific, random sampling will be used. According to Wiersma (n.d.), random samples are vital in minimizing biases and enhancing validity of all statistics used in a study. However, to perform a random sample, a sampling frame is required (Wiersma, n.d.). Therefore, this research’s sampling frame will constitute all countries trading with China. Additionally, the study will make u