ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Marketing research area covers different scientific methods and approaches, accurate data related to the marketing position and various marketing strategies helpful in decision making processes. One of the vital parts referring to statistical population is considered to be sampling. Sampling method is very helpful for the development of the necessary statistical data of the particular marketing sphere. The basic characteristic of the sampling is regarded to be a group of people chosen from the whole population and used as a background for gathering statistical information. Sampling in marketing research conduction plays a decisive role because it helps to answer the basic areas concerning the target market, competitors and product perception. The information provided at the seminars showed that the technique of a perfect sampling should be selected considering the requirements of the research study and taking into account the company benefits. Sampling classification Sampling classification is merely based on different aspects of the research positions and population observations. As it was shown at the seminars the standard samples can be subdivided into the following subclasses:   * Simple random sample;   * Stratified sample;   * Systematic random sample;   * Cluster sampling. The classification of the samples underlines the fact that each type is characterized by particular features differing all of them. The thorough study at the seminars gave an opportunity to learn the differences between these subtypes. Thus, the first type of samples is simple random sample; it is usually attained by means of basic units selection; in this sample every statistical unit has chances to be selected. This sample type is considered to be completely free from any biased sampling. This type is very convenient and frequently used by the researchers in the process of market strategies development. The second type is systematic random samples. This type is characterized by one unit selection on the chance basis and taking more basic units until it can meet its desired number. To understand this sampling in a more deep way one should stress that systematic random sampling may be helpful for evaluation of the data random selection in the process of the marketing research conduction. This type is used by the researchers in case they need to look forward to data identification in an uncertain population. Stratified sample is considered to b
What is the Opportunity? Increasing productivity by reducing the number of meetings in the company. What is the Internal Need to Be Served? The employees and the management of the company spend a lot of time in various meetings. These meetings do not always add value to the operations of the company. The need for all these meetings is difficult to justify in some circumstances, especially where it is possible to achieve the same results using other methods. Cutting down on meetings will increase the overall productivity of the company. Expected Benefits of This Opportunity This opportunity will lead to four main benefits. First, there will be an increase in productive time spent on other activities. Reducing the time departments spend when discussing issues increases the time available for each member of that department to engage in production. A one-hour meeting for eight people costs the company the equivalent of a full day’s work by one employee. Secondly, reducing the number of meetings will lead to better prioritization of issues in the remaining meetings. It is impossible to eliminate meetings. If they are turned to briefings, the chairpersons will have to pick out issues of common interest for consideration in the briefings, rather than the full-length agenda that current practices encourage. The third benefit will be the improvement of other communication processes in the organization, such as the use of email. Since there will be no time in meetings to raise some issues, the members of staff in the company will find other ways of communicating that are not as disruptive as meetings. The fourth benefit that will accrue from reducing the time spent in meetings is an increase in the time available for innovation and product development. Innovation and product development are the activities that give the company a competitive advantage. Instead of spending a whole hour in a meeting of eight people discussing product problems, the equivalent time can help improve the product by a full eight hours of research and innovation. Potential Downside Risks and Costs The three main risks associated with reducing the number of meetings in the company are as follows. First, if the company does not enforce alternative ways of passing on information, there will be information gaps in the organization that may reduce the overall effectiveness in its implementation of the strategy (moderate risk). Secondly, employees who rely on the meetings to share their views on various organizational matters may feel left out in the decision-making process of the organization (high risk). This implies that it will be necessary to find other ways of getting their support for company projects. The third risk is that if the process of prioritizing issues for discussion at the reduced meetings is ineffective, then important issues may fail to get the attention of the people who should address them (moderate risk). The main cost associated with reducing the number of meetings in the org
Abstract POSC is based on the resource-based theory, which posits that organizations should manage innovations and resources to better their competitive edge while resolving or preventing the adverse socio-ecological effects. According to the theory, resources are the key to organizational and access and control of these resources is the basis for power (Munasinghe et al. , 2019). This product fits into the triple bottom line (TBL) theory. This is because the palm oil supply chain is characterized by significant resource use such as environment and water and multiple stakeholder relationships, which is considered an organizational resource. Issues in the Palm Oil Supply Chain Environmental Issues Palm oil is characterized by deforestation, which is associated with multiple environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), habitat destruction, and biodiversity loss. Tree felling, disposal of empty fruit bunch, palm oil biomass combustion, and fertilizers and pesticide use are the major GHG contributors. Extraction produces 58% of GHG emission, plantations 37%, while harvesting and transporting produce 5% of the total GHG (Munasinghe et al., 2019). Plantations consume 77% of natural resources, harvesting & transport 22%, and tree nurseries 1% (Munasinghe et al., 2019). Water use is another sustainability issue in the industry: it is estimated that the water consumption is 5275 m3 per tonne of palm oil. Besides the unsustainable water consumption, the industry releases toxic wastes from industry effluents into water sources. Socio-Economic Sustainability The industry is marked by human rights issues such as child labor, toxic working conditions, health risks, and ownership rights. Ownership rights are obscure since the product’s ownership changes as it passes across the supply chain; therefore, it is challenging to achieve accountability. It is also estimated that plantation management accounts for 68% of the total supply chain labor, yet its workers have high poverty indices (Munasinghe et al., 2019). They are paid wages that do not meet the Human Charter of Rights living. Notably, an intense ethical conflict exists between producer countries and importing countries due to the supply chain’s political economy. For example, Indonesia accused the European governments (importers) of controlling the market. EU required exporting countries to comply with sustainability regulations before their products were allowed to the EU market. These policies led to a decline in the palm oil trade, which mostly hurt Indonesian Indonesia’s economic wellbeing. This scenario provides a clear demonstration of cultural and ethical conflicts in the supply chain. While Indonesia desired socio-economic wellbeing, EU ideals focused on community and environmental wellbeing. It also addresses sustainable logistics activities and lean management principles. Potential Areas of Improvement Integration of Sustainability in the Supply Chain The POSC should integrate sustainability concepts into operational activities to achieve optimal firm per
Facts of the Case Congress enacted clauses in the Communication Decency Act of 1996 to ensure that minors (recipients of the information under 18 years of age) are protected from harmful, open content on the Internet. Two provisions illegalized the display of any offensive or ‘patently unpleasant’ Internet communications. However, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and other concerned bodies legally challenged the constitutionality of these two clauses in the Federal Court. These groups argued that the two clauses went against the First Amendment and therefore infringed on free speech rights. According to the Lower Federal Court ruling, the two clauses violated the First Amendment because they were overbroad, and Fifth Amendment because they were vague (Legal Information Institute, n.d). The Court, therefore, enjoined Government from implementing the regulation. The Government, however, appealed the ruling at the US Supreme Court. It is observed that sexually-related materials have thrived on the Internet. However, it is not common for a computer user to get these materials from various sites purely by chance. These sites generally run on links connected that a computer user must click to gain access. A minor requires some computer-related knowledge to explore any site on the Internet. Of course, multiple parental restrictions can be found to control a minor’s access to such sites by limiting access to specific sites with sexual materials or prohibited communications. The most common means of protection has been age verification, which requires visitors to use verified credit cards or use their adult identification details. However, these restrictions have their limitations. Issue ACLU wanted to establish the constitutionality of the two provisions. As such, it focused on determining whether the two provisions in the CDA criminalizing the display of ‘obscene’ and ‘patently offensive’ online materials violated the First Amendment . That is, the constitutionality of the law restricting access to indecent materials on the Internet was doubted. Held The Supreme Court held that the two clauses in the CDA did indeed violate the First Amendment (Axelrod-Contrada, 2007) . As such, it was not held. Instead, the Court established that the two provisions were content-based restrictions, but imprecisely written. Through restricting access to materials to minors, the law restricted significant information and speech that adults were legally allowed to receive and consume. Moreover, the law, as it was stated, generally outlawed persons from posting obscene materials on their computers. It also failed to account for the relevance and actual communication value of some materials. The CDA consequently put a heavy burden on adult speech, which was unacceptable. Instead, the Government could have considered lesser restrictive means to attain the Act’s legitimate objective of protecting minors. The Government failed to prove
Introduction Guiding organizational change initiatives prove to be a decisive test for most leaders. This is because it has been made apparent that no business is capable of surviving over long-term proviso it is incapable of reinvesting itself. However, the nature of human beings as what it appears to be makes elementary changes to be habitually opposed by those it most significantly affects. That is to say, those found in business trenches. Therefore, leading the change processes initiatives materialize to be both incredibly difficult and absolutely essential. Perhaps no one comprehends the organizational change anatomy better than Kotter (1996, p.3). In his book titled leading change, Kotter (1996, p.5) used various models to explain and highlight the critical success factors for change initiatives and the reasons why most change initiatives fail. Approximately 66% of them fail. Based on one of the proposed change theories named teleological theory, this paper intends to highlight the reasons why most key change initiatives are bound to fail. The essay draws on the key triumph factors for change ranging from the shifting culture, generating short-range wins to the institution of an amazing sense of exigency.
Introduction Since time before, the US government has been tabling debates with the sole aim of ascertaining the issues surrounding the use of Marijuana for medical related purposes. Sources indicate an escalation in number of States, which permit marijuana use, in treating some of the serious ailments reported to affect a larger fraction of the today’s population. The greater part of the population believes that the sustained use of this product is beneficial in numerous ways (Burns and Donald 125). Therefore, this paper endeavors to defend the opposite conclusion of a particular essay, written by a student as the fifth assignment. The topic of analysis was whether we should legalize Marijuana for medical use. The writer’s conclusion about the topic was that, marijuana ought to be legal so that it aids in resolving the many lethal disorders. Health reasons This dried leaves drug common known as marijuana has numerous nicknames. Some of the names used to refer this drug consist of, the weed, ganja, grass just to mention but a few. Despite the numerous critics about the drug, studies have depicted that the use of marijuana has various constructive uses (Burns and Donald 126). Firstly, scientists have performed experiments concerning the usefulness with results indicating its effectiveness in reducing the pain intensity in cancer patients. Moreover, Aids patients have testified its efficacy in reducing the feeling of nausea. Contrary to the above propositions, the use of this drug has many detrimental effects to human life (Jacob 2). Jacques-Joseph Moreau, a renowned researcher, argues that such a drug profoundly tampers with an individual’s nervous system (Burns and Donald 127). The scientific explanation for this is that, the drug attaches itself to the brain’s neurons; therefore, affecting their healthy communication. This, as a result, culminates into damaging effects of the human’s short-term memory. The human brain is vital in an individual’s wellness, since it coordinates the majority of the body processes (Jacob 3). Therefore, it is clear that the negative effects of the drug outdo the constructive ones. The social reasons Studies specify that marijuana addiction vastly lower the user’s motivation in undertaking his or her key responsibilities. This is due to their ability to forget some of the key duties they are entitled to perform. Such users usually have massive plans for their life, but occasionally end up not fulfilling them. This, in many cases, has a link to their inability to recall without difficulty (Zelick 23). Researchers have established that the sustained decline in the motivation rate culminates into a disorder referred to as the motivation syndrome. It is apparent that an individual’s motivation significantly
Describe How Culture Impacts Communications From Criminal Justice Professionals How Culture Impacts Communications From Criminal Justice Professionals   * Diverse culture causes results to miscommunication, in accuracies, and misunderstandings.   * Communication breakdowns may also occur when criminal justice officers assumes they have passed informaton sufficcently, when actually the recipient did not understand due to culture differences.   * Video recordings make stereotypes more apparent.   * Lack of cross cultural sensitivity may distort the motive of information relayed by the criminal justice officer.   * This may lead to unfair judgment and racial discrimination (Thompson, Newell, & Carlson, 2016).   * Race alludes to skin color while ethnicity refer to differences linked to cultural identification and expressions.   * Prejudice are the thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and feelings of a person towards a specific group while discrimination is biased action towards a specific group. Miscommunication Example: Speaking   * The choice of language and non- verbal communication cues may cause miscommunication when speaking.   * For instance, It is not necessary for a victim advocate to state a client cultural identity. The use of polite form of languages and idioms may also create misunderstandings.   * Imperative language is considered rude by some Americans natives while other ethnic groups consider it rude.   * Therefore instead of saying follow the rules, one should say would you please follow the rules.   * Language barrier also causes miscommunication. Misspoken words can free individuals associated with crime. Hence, it hinders quest for justice. Miscommunication in the criminal justice system leads to negative outcomes such as prejudice and racial profiling. Thus, an advocate should not state the race, ethnic group, culture, or religion of his client. This may be interpreted by others to mean they are different. Miscommunication Example: Listening   * Effective listening is key to victim advocate because it builds a trust relationship with the client.   * The manner of listening vary in different cultural groups and also in the justice system.   * An example is missing out on a confession by a subject because the judge was not keen in listening as he or she expected continued denial of the crime.   * Court proceedings thus require one to m
Management with objectives is one of the best methods of defining an organization’s objectives through consensus between workers and an organization’s management team. Unlike most conventional methods that center on the defining of an organization’s goals without consulting employees, an organization that uses MBO must engage both employees and management teams in the goal setting process. Therefore, because of the “participative goal setting” concept of MBO, MBO is a very motivating management practice, which can greatly promote the timely achievement of an organization’s goals. One primary advantage of MBO is that, as compared to other methods of defining goals, MBO is very motivating, because, if properly applied, it increases the level of workers’ empowerment; hence, encourages high performance standards. In addition, because of its participative goal setting principle, MBO encourages high levels of employee satisfaction and dedication to their duties. Workers in organizations which use MBO goal defining methodology do not depend on instructions, guidance, or orders from top management organs, but rather they follow objectives that they have agreed to participate in their achievement. Another advantage of MBO is that, it encourages the development of open communication channels within an organization. Open communications channels are essential in the smooth running of an organization, as it encourages timely and regular reviews, coordination, and interactions between management and workers; hence, minimizing chances of unrests occurring, because they offer a mechanism of finding solutions to conflicting issues amicably. Further, because MBO appreciates the significance of employees in any goal setting endeavor and requires good planning and strategizing, the method can greatly improve a management team’s managing expertise. Contrary to most objective-defining methods, which emphasize on planning for activities only, MBO emphasizes on planning for both activities and results; hence, encouraging innovation in an organization. Another advantage of MBO is that, it encourages better organizing of positions in an organization along primary result areas. When applying MBO, management teams must define clearly organizational duties and structures. This promotes greatly an organization’ organization; hence, making management easy. In addition, because MBO uses a set of predetermined targets that are set in all-inclusive forums, MBO provides an organization with a maintenance and order of growth methodology. Such is the case primarily because; MBO takes into consideration the ability, skill, and innovativeness of managers, rather than their individuality. On the other hand, MOB encourages the development of effective controls. It achieves this through encouraging periodic reviews and giving of yearly rewards to employees, as a primary mechanism of appreciating employees’ dedication to goal achievement. Moreover, MBO creates a favorable environment for growth o
The transient ascent in prevalence of youth sports, customary parks, and amusement offices alone regularly cause dissatisfaction of the interest in many networks. This help hole has prodded huge speculations by private area designers and public, private associations as land and office advancement. Consistently, a great many offices around the planet have sports games, entertainment, and relaxation exercises with insignificant or no issues. In any case, when an issue happens, or there is an absence of preparation for exercises, the outcomes can be hurtful and harmful. This can go from harm to the office or gear to wounds to the workforce, members, and guests with the wounds going in seriousness from minor to major to disastrous. Athletic activities the executives try to secure public, private, and non-benefit offices utilized for a sports game, amusement, and relaxation to guarantee freedom from harm creation and circulation of items and administrations to clients (The Sports Facilities Advisory 9). Sport Facility Operations Management provides order for sport offices and formulates tasks with various segments for the executives that should be perceived. Facility management is the multi-disciplinary sort of work that covers a wide scope of different exercises, duties, and knowledge. It works with commitments to help the necessities of individuals and decision-making processes. The board capacities can be recognized at strategic and key levels. Strategies are activity plans, including normal, explicit, and transient preventive or administrative tasks. Such exercises, which are best kept basic, center, for instance, on routine activities, for example, wellbeing systems for avoidance or appropriate use and care of upkeep assets. Exercises on this level help dependable conduct in the work environment and the coherence of working conditions. The technique is expected to adapt to the possibility of an obscure and evolving future. Clubs that do not set aside the effort to make a Facility Management Plan risk being inefficient, defenseless against changing business sector patterns, and above all, burning through the most important resource, including volunteer time and assets. The reason for the undertaking is to serve the Woodridge people group by building up a top-notch sport, entertainment, and preparing office with an accentuation on court sports, turf sports, wellness, and occasions (The Sports Facilities Advisory 10). Woodridge Athl