ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Philosophical problems are solved by thinking critically, unlike scientific experiments and mathematical equations, which give the undisputable results and solutions to their respective problems. In this essay, the writer argues whether all varied philosophical responses to a philosophical problem or question are valid or if a solution can be preferably accepted more than others can. Philosophical Responses There are different ways of solving problems or questions we encounter in life; the scientific questions need laboratory experiment result to answer the question, mathematical questions need mathematical theory to solve and give result, while philosophical questions can be answered by just thinking. The philosophical approach to problems by thinking begs more questions as to whether our minds are very similar in response to similar problems in same or different environment, whether we have duplicate thoughts, and what standard of thoughts can give preferred solution among varied responses? There are broad philosophical questions that are answered by many philosophers with all different kinds of evidences in support of their answers. However, how do they get these answers? What kind of experiments and thoughts make them give the probable answer to a problem? They say it is the conception analysis that determines the philosophical answer. The first step that we should know about to answer the philosophical question is the basic concept. The meaning of basic concept is what we learned from experience in our lives and the knowledge gained from the people. Novak and Canas define concept as “a perceived regularity in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label” (Para. 1). In the simple philosophical question “Does God exist”, first, we have to know what God is. The meaning of God from a dictionary says is “The creator and ruler of the universe.” Now we have basic concept of what God is, we can now think the God exist or not. However, the answer could not be the right answer because the evidence is not absolutely coming from the mathematical calculation or a laboratory experiment (Clayton Para. 3). If God does not exist, what are the evidences and proofs that makes us so? If God does exist, what are the concrete arguments that support our thinking? The start point of the argument is the word “God”. Human being came up with the word “God|” as a name of their creator and ruler of universe. Do they have a picture or seen the God who made the universe? If God exists why does not He/She shows up in front of us? Do they ever hear God’s voice? Have they touched God before? They probably answer is no, hence this could be the evidence and support my answer that
Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world’s largest vehicle makers. It is the current leader in terms of sales in the world. The corporation is generally referred to as Toyota, whose head office is in Toyota city, Tokyo, Japan. Toyota was incorporated in 1937 from Toyota industries. Today Toyota has diversified from automobiles activities to financial services, robot manufacturing to biotechnology ventures. The global financial problems have affected the performance of the group since it recorded a loss in 2009. Toyota is currently having an issue with its code of ethics. Its code of conduct is a commitment to conducting its business in a fair and transparent manner. This code of conduct means that Toyota has to be honest, reliable while making proper judgments during decision making (Whitelaw, 2010). The code of ethics requires its managers, employees, dealers, and representatives to conduct themselves with humility, honesty, and integrity. Toyota found out that some of its brands had a problem with the gas pedal. The pedals could be entrapped to the floor mats and posed a potential acceleration problem in the highways. Out of this, an ethical issue has come up, Toyota now has massive management reputation problems and credibility crises. The conflict that brought about the ethical issue came from the fact that the United States government put pressure and asked Toyota to make the recall the faulty vehicles (Osono, Shimizu & Takeuchi, 2008). There were ethical systems that were in place before the recall. One guiding principle is Toyota’s dedication to avail clean and safe products while enhancing the quality of life for their product users. The recall plan by Toyota has had some effects on both employees ad the management. The executive management has been particularly involved in protecting the corporation’s tinted image by first apologizing to the customers for the discomfort caused (Whitelaw, 2010). They have also been on a high campaign sensitizing their customers’ that the said parts will be exchanged through an in-service that rectifies the problem. There is the likelihood of differences in the behavioral reaction between the management and the employees. The managers are likely to react positively by making pleas to customers and taking care of public matters of the company in such a way that Toyota’s reputation may not be greatly affected. On the other hand, employees may feel threatened by a number of factors. The recall has lead to the shutting down of further production of the said brands of faulty vehicles; this could lead to a drop in the employee’s earning (Osono et al, 2008). The employees may also feel insecure and will have a lot of uncertainty over how secure their jobs are, since the recall may bring down the sales volume in the future, Toyota may start laying off some of them.
Being in business, you can either earn or gain bad or good reputation. This is because to some people, their aim with businesses is to make money something that can be termed as capitalism. However, it is not wrong to run business with an aim of making money; the issue lies in the fact how the company performs its business activities in terms whether their are ethical or not. Business should think beyond financial growth and competition as a way of being successful instead they should be conducted it an ethical way that serves the community in which it is allocated rightly. It is crucial that every business to have good business ethics and therefore they should consider different factors before conducting business as this will enable business owners to know whether the business they are conducting has good ethics (Boldrin & Levine 2008, p. 122). For example when an organization conducts business with another company, it can be considered unethical behavior since the first company has got its own responsibility and having links in the chain is what makes it unethical businesses. You have to realize that every time an organization makes decisions or a choice, it mainly reflects on its personal commitments and values indicating the kind of business it is and the way in which it is organized (Andersen 2006, p. 110). It is therefore crucial to know what business ethics means. Business ethics is a type of professional ethics or applied ethics that mainly scrutinize moral problems or ethical principles that rise in the world of business. Business ethics is relevant in all facets of business conducts and individual’s conducts. Business ethics usually aims at determining fundamental purpose of most businesses. Most businesses have ethical codes that governs the activities that takes place in the environment, what should and what should not be done (Fincham & Rhodes 2005, p.165). It is therefore crucial that every business to have good business ethics since that is the only thing that will prevent them from exploiting the public. Many companies do not usually care of ethics as they are too concerned with gaining money. This is why you find that most major brands have been found breaking ethical business laws which usually lead them to heavy fines. This is because making money is their major aim not considering the public health or even the economic status of the world. Most companies usually break anti-trust, environmental and ethical laws which lead them to receiving fines worth millions. However the major problem that exists is that most major companies make more money that outweighs the applied fines (Giddens 1990, p. 213). The constant desire to increase its outcomes makes the companies forget about running their business according to the ethical principles and codes. It is, therefore, up to the public to ensure that companies adhere to business ethics. Business ethics is applied to everything from making paper to cutting down trees with an aim of making profit (Frederic 2002, p. 68). The public should not let businesses take pride in the profits they make instead they should take it up
Olivier Armantier’s et al. article, “How Economic Crises Affect Inflation Beliefs: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic,” was published in the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization on July 24, 2021. Publisher Elsevier has partnered with the Copyright Center RightsLink service to offer various options for reusing this content. Elsevier offers open or restricted access to content with permanently unique identifiers to include links and citations. This paper is an independent article focusing on the state of the public economy during COVID-19. In their paper, the authors examine changes in the perception of inflation during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this paper is an independent work, Armantier et al. (2021) complemented other research in the field analyzing economic changes during the COVID-19 recession. A feature of the article is the study by the authors of the consequences of inflationary crises and comparison with pre-existing crises to calculate the level of the crisis as a whole. The survey’s main purpose is to collect against a wide range of economic outcomes. As a result of their research, the authors studied the evolution of households’ perceptions of inflation and concluded that the growth of inflationary expectations was more restrained. It means that the muted reaction of average inflation expectations masks a significant polarization of views, especially in the short term (Bekaert et al., 2020). A significant proportion of households, particularly those with higher education, initially expected that the pandemic would lead to low inflation or even deflation (Armantier et al., 2021). Thus, the authors achieved their goal and confirmed their results with numerous graphs and tables presented in the article. I liked the study by Armantier et al. (2021) because the authors look at non-traditionally triggered crises and household responses. In addition, through comparative analysis with past crises, Armantier et al. (2021) determine the spread of the crisis due to erroneous assumptions about inflation to other areas of the economy (Armantier et al., 2021). For example, the Great Recession was predominantly a strong negative demand shock driven by a falling house and stock prices. I also liked that the authors found evidence for strong polarization of inflation perceptions and identified differences between demographic groups.
Methodology 100 members were considered in this result for various sectors such as education, transport, telecommunication, health, and financial services, 21, 22, 27, 20, and 10 respectively. They were of sectors with different needs. This data was collected for this study on the optimum pricing strategy as shown by Excel’s statistical report. All the data was estimated to the nearest 2 decimal points while the measurements of membership were done in groups with an estimation to the nearest 1. The data has been analyzed using SSP version 15.0 for personal Computers there were testing of data for normality using statistical tests, quantitative and qualitative variables for data were also used. They were not paired in terms of details but differences in means standard deviation have been subjected to the confidence level. Interpretation The result has been obtained and analyzed from the data of 100 members of five sectors. The graphs from SSP attached have all the results. The optimum profits, price, and contributions which are measured at 5% confidence are represented in the tables attached. The contribution for the education sector is 5,203,125 for 22.5members and this one can be used to measure. The price obtained using contribution is 250,000 per member in the education sector. Therefore the education sector should target over 23 members to break-even This report on pricing, profitability, positioning and targeting of five sectors has been analyzed in contribution, raw materials costs, membership ship fees, and profits. The results show that there is accuracy in the findings and the difference is minimal. The findings of this research are most important although it does not give a proper and accurate estimate of all sectors under consideration the education sector only. The differences between optimal pricing strategy and pricing using other contributions show fewer profits. Recommendation There is needed to make an effort to carry out results in the future in the market using adequate statistical methodologies to obtain a good result on optimal pricing strategy. This is because a great deviancy shows that the result was not adequate and it needs further research in the five sectors to determine the best pricing strategy for membership fees in the sectors. Proper formulas should be used in order to incorporate all variables such as fixed costs, variable costs, fees, and the sectors to enable one to come up with a proper pricing strategy for good profitability. The methods that have been developed that have been used are useful in estimating this pricing strategy that gives profitability. Model critique The essence of this approach is, first problems must be expressed in quantity, and second, those symbolic modes of expression and reasoning one to be preferred. To the extent possible, problems are examined with a systems orientation and in practic
As a concerned member of the community, I am writing to relay my thoughts on a considerable geo-social issue affecting the community. It is of considerable concern how pollution in the ocean has been a major predicament, which is not only affecting the water masses, but people as well. The pollution of the water masses not only inhibits water life, but also affects people’s health as well as other natural resources. Although there are many natural wastes that affect the ocean life, it is evident that people are the principal cause of ocean pollution. Wastes such as toxic matter, plastics, and human wastes are some of the major sources of pollution in the ocean. In addition, chemicals such as bathing lotions, sunscreens, and other chemicals used by humans affect the toxicity level of water, which in turn affects marine life. Water is the most valuable resource for human beings, as such, it is pertinent for people to protect it. Parent (7) asserts that solid content kills marine life, for instance, fish die due to their consumption of plastics. Up to 90% of foreign bodies, which float in the ocean, consist of plastics. it imposes some danger since it does not break down for a very long period of time (Parent 1). When fish ingest plastics, they are unable to digest it since it cannot be broken down by their stomach chemicals. Eventually, they end up dying out of starvation being unable to find food. Large marine animals are also not exempted. They are affected by chemicals present in plastics and other things abundant in the ocean. Chemicals from plastics in their turn increase global warming, which has been a major issue that affects the ocean causing water to rise in level eventually influencing animals, and humans near the ocean. Many people consume fish as food; when marine life is affected by toxic substance in the ocean, they can adversely affect humans to the extent of causing food poisoning, and even deformation of unborn children (Parent 8). Therefore, to save marine animals, it is necessary to conserve the ocean. In order to make this dream a reality, people need to adopt changes starting from their own culture of behavior. These include aspects, such as training themselves to use reusable bags while going for shopping. Furthermore, people should avoid littering garbage and chemicals used in their homes into the ocean. Parent (4) contends that people s
Three elements of cyberbullying include intent to cause harm, repetition, and use of electronic devices (Breguet, 2007). In order for a bullying incident to be considered cyberbullying, the actions of the perpetrator must be connected to harm caused. Therefore, it should be intentional and not accidental. The bullying must have happened over and over, and must have been perpetrated through the use of mobile phones and other electronic devices (Breguet, 2007). From the aforementioned elements of cyberbullying, it can be concluded that Katlyn Roman and Guadalupe Shaw should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. First, they sent denigrating text messages on Sedwick’s mobile phone and social media platforms wishing her harm (Wallace, 2014). For example, they repeatedly sent text messages saying that even if she died, she would not be missed. The issue of her death was covered in several text messages. Second, the bullying happened over and over both online and offline. The bullying had been going on for a long time before Sedwick committed suicide. Roman confessed to bullying Sedwick in sixth grade (Wallace, 2014). Another student admitted that she saw Roman bully Sedwick repeatedly. Third, the bullying was perpetrated through cell phones and the Internet. Denigrating text messages were sent to Sedwick’s Facebook page and mobile phone (Wallace, 2014). Roman and Shaw are guilty and should be charged with a cyberbullying crime. The argument that undiagnosed depression is the main cause of suicide is wrong. In Sedwick’s case, her depression had been diagnosed and she was seeing a counselor. Despite efforts to address the issue, Sedwick’s life was filled with sad events including a poor relationship with her father, aggravated bullying, and fights between her parents. The statement is wrong because seeing a counselor is ineffective if the victim does not change aspects such as thinking patterns and environment. The environment is a critical component in the development of suicidal thoughts. Moreover, committing suicide is an indication that an individual could not take the pain of living any more. Suicide is becoming an area of interest owing to the wide use of social media because of the role technology plays in encouraging suicide-related behavior. For example, cyberbullying has been shown to increase the rates of suicide among teenagers. Young people are influenced by the content they see on social media. Video blogs and videos on suicide are aimed at educating the public. However, they influence teenagers into embracing suicide-related attitudes and behaviors. Bullying has moved from schoolyards to social networking platforms. People use social media to harass, intimidate, traumatize,
Does gender make a difference in leadership styles? Understanding gender as an essential element of all aspects of each day life has become more and more extensive. Gender makes a difference in leadership style. Every leader has his or her different leadership style and a different strategy of approaching their profession. Both men and women have their unique and different leadership styles. Gender and leadership style is a subject that has been debated-on over the years. Some people believe that both men and women have similar leadership styles while others believe that their leadership styles vary. Nonetheless, it is evident that both men and women have different styles of leadership. For instance; Women in leadership use their positions of authority to build a supportive and an accommodating atmosphere. Men on the other hand use their positions of authority to build a hierarchal atmosphere where they give orders and expect compliance and respect. Men are believed to be autocratic, task and punishment oriented, commanding and controlling. Conversely, women are democratic, reward-oriented, participative or democratic and team players (Sherrill, 2011). There are various fundamental qualities or features that most people link with leadership. They include; self-reliant, self-sufficient, self-confident, dominant, determined, go-getter and independent. Most people can concur that people who have these qualities are normally seen as leaders (Sherrill, 2011). An effectual leader is someone who inspires and encourages others to achieve more than they would have otherwise achieved without the involvement of the leader. People believe t
Market segmentation is crucial for modern business. Nowadays, one may observe the immense growth of the economy that is extremely unpredictable. Mass marketing is no longer relevant as far as there is no need to spend resources on the audience that is unlikely to be interested in a particular product and service. Market segmentation is the way of identifying individuals who will be interested in goods or services. The paper under consideration entitled ‘W5 on Segmentation” was posted on July, 14 by the company W5. The article provides readers with the general notions concerning market segmentations that are essential for the understanding of the nature of this approach to marketing. Segmentation research is a way of identifying the target audience with the help of the detailed and profound analysis. Standard marketing presupposes the analysis of the audience according to their demographics (age, income, gender, and region). When conducting segmentation research, demographics are only one part of the research. Other constituents include the evaluation of behavior, attitude, and psychographic factors. According to the article provided, market segmentation should possess four necessary criteria. First, a particular segment should exist in reality. Second, there should be defined variables typical for one segment. Third, it is necessary to reach the segment within the prescribed amount of time, and that presupposes that it has to be a continuing s