ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The self and society can hardly coexist without any tension. While all of us have our own desires, goals and values, community expectations often come in conflict with those. Some people manage to compromise – the others do not. If an individual is too different from the vast majority that constitutes the community he or she lives in, this person risks becoming isolated, and such an alienation often has lifelong consequences; nevertheless, we are not as powerless before the community as we think. The primary source of social isolation is the otherness, the difference that an isolated person has from others. The examples are countless: a new boy in the school, who has no friends, the only overweight girl in the class, the only women in a men’s team, an elderly person, an individual with disability, foreigners, who poorly speak the language of the country they live in, and so forth. In each of these situations, individuals risk to become socially isolated if they do not compromise or find another way to be accepted, which is not always easy or even possible. In the first chapter of his Hunger of Memory , Richard Rodriguez writes about his first day at school and some memories from his childhood. As a son of Spanish-speaking Mexican immigrants, he had very poor English skills, which were limited to a hundred of words (Rodriguez 12). From the moment when the teacher named Richard in English and wrote his name down on the blackboard for other students to understand it better, he realized that he was different. And he also was isolated too. No one of the children living on the same street with Richard ever wanted to make friends with him, and he found out their names only when those sounded in the classroom. As I see it, the reason why nobody wanted to make friends with Richard was the fact that he was different from others. It was the source of social isolation in his case. He had a different skin color, different language and was different from the inside. Considering that it is hard to change who you are, it was almost impossible for Richard to fit it. Still, he decided to get educated and learned to speak English fluently. One the one hand, it can be considered the right decision. On the other hand, achieved this, he lost the connection with his family. Hence, he let the community destroy some of his inner beliefs and values. He chose to change himself in order to fit in. Another example of social isolation because of the otherness is the situation that happened when I was studying in the secondary school. There was a girl in our class, who was a little bit overweight and thereby was different from others. She also always did her homework and never came unprepared to the class. For the group of students, who consider themselves better than others, it was enough to start bullying her. This example is very similar to the previous one because the reason for social isolation remains the same. However, the reaction of an isolated person to it is radically diff
Introduction Nowadays rapid development of media leads to the increase of direct sales without any intermediaries. A lot of companies strive to sell their services and products with the help of traditional media directly to their consumers. Besides, the development of media opportunities influenced the growth of the direct marketing providing it with new effective offers which help to attract more and more customers to its sphere. Direct marketing involves a great amount of new clients and, thus, increases its sales. Companies promoting direct marketing ideas have an opportunity to present their individualized offers through the media. Such presentations help to improve companies’ position at the market and increase the number of patrons. Direct marketing development is merely caused by its benefits and convenient terms for the customers. Direct Marketing Growth Directs marketing can be defined as a marketing system using several advertising area in order to effect transaction or measurable response. If refer to the scholars Philip J. Kitchen and Patrick De Pelsmacker, then the direct marketing is, “An interactive system of personal and intermediary-free dialogue which uses one or more communications media to effect a measurable behavioural response at any location, forming a basis for creating and further developing an ongoing direct relationship between an organization and each of its customers individually” (Kitchen, Pelsmacker, 2004, pp, 64 – 65). In other words, direct marketing is considered to be direct-order marketing. Nowadays this kind of marketing plays a significant role for establishment long term relationships with consumers. Companies got used to organize different programs for their customers to maintain effective and promising relationships with them. According to Daniel R. Shiman, credible and recognized scholar in the marketing studies, “In the last thirty years of the twentieth century, the volume of direct marketing received through the traditional channels of mail and telephone increased rapidly” (Shiman, 2006, p. 321). More recently, there appeared such communication devices as: “…fax, e-mail, and instant messaging…wireless phones … have made communications [with clients] easier, cheaper, and more immediate” (Shiman, 2006, p. 321). Therefore, one may conclude that the direct marketing growth was caused by the rapid development of such marketing channels as telemarketing and direct mail. Nowadays, these channels may be used as means of sales to business partners and existing consumers as well. They usually bring billions of dollars to the company annually. The rapid development of direct marketing is closely connected with different factors influencing social view on the sales. It should be mentioned that such niches as
Executive Summary Human resource management plays a crucial role in an organisation’s quest to achieve competitiveness with regard to human capital. This report evaluates people management as one of the core elements in human resource management. The report focuses on British Petroleum [BP], which operates in the oil and gas industry. In the course of its operation, BP is facing challenges arising from changes in the business environment. Some of the changes that the firm is currently experiencing relate to labour force trends, workplace communication, technological forces, and changes in the employment law. In a bid to survive in such an environment, it is imperative for the BP’s management team to be proactive in adjusting its HRM strategies in line with the prevailing internal and external environmental changes. The report illustrates some of the aspects that the firm should consider in its people management practices in order to achieve the desired competitiveness in the labour market. Introduction British Petroleum is one of the leading public limited companies in the UK’s oil and gas industry. The firm was established in 1909 and it has penetrated the global market successfully. By the end of 2013, BP had established operations in 80 countries. BP ranks fifth amongst the largest companies in the world with regard to total sales revenue and sixth with regard to market capitalisation. An evaluation of previous studies and reports show that firms in the oil and gas industry are facing diverse macro and micro-environmental forces. Some of the macro-environmental forces include legal and technological forces. For example, oil and gas producing companies are experiencing tight environmental regulations due to the high rate of global warming, which is leading to climate change. Additionally, these companies are experiencing a threat arising from the high rate of technological changes. These macro-environmental forces are beyond the organisational managers’ capacity to influence or control. On the other hand, micro environmental forces originate from an organisation’s internal operations, and thus they are within the organisational managers’ capacity to control. An example of an internal force includes employee resistance to change and conflicts. Additionally, the emergence of information age has led to growth in the level of knowledge within the labour market, as evidenced by diverse institutional forces on aspects related to employmen
Introduction A family is made up of members who are closely related like a father, mother and their children. There are two types of families which are nuclear family and extended family. The nuclear family begins from the father followed by the mother and then the children while the extended family begins from the grandfather down to the youngest grandchild in the family. As it has always been known, the family is the basic and the smallest unit of a society. This is the main reason why experts have put it that the weakening of families is the main cause of the problems that are in the current society. It would be impossible to ignore this naked truth because each and every individual knows that the society is faced by problems that are brought about by families. There are some changes that have occurred in families since 1960’s and they have greatly contributed to the problems in the society (Bunson, 2008). Discussion The main factor that has contributed greatly to the weakening of the families is the neglect of duties by parents. Most of this duties neglected by parents are nurturing their children to be responsible and ready to face the future wisely and correctly. This issue arose in 1960’s where both parents could go to work so as to be able to earn enough income to run the family. The cost of living had increased rapidly and this urged for more income. Unlike in the past years where the wives were left to do household chores and look after the children, they began working so as to earn income. Although the parents could get time to educate and mature up children after work, the time was less and could only mean less done towards the children. Also due to the increased cost of living in the 1960’s, women began running single families as they would be in a position to work and get income thus enable them to cater for their children’s needs. The single families contributed greatly to weakening of families as most of the single ladies had minimal time to educate their children (Marien, 1993). Another cause of the weakening of families which has brought about the many problems in the society is the dedication of duties to the unqualified and uneducated personnel. This arose in 1960’s when women began working thus resulting to employment of house-helps. The house-helps could not play the roles of the parents since most of them were young and had never run their own families. Children were therefore not educated and helped to mature up to make them responsible and ready to face the future. In the single families children had to be brought up by house helps since most of the times their mothers are at work. These changes in roles from parents to house helps is exactly what is happening today and it is greatly weakening families and thus leading to problems in the society. Also in some cases, the older children are left to look after the young ones. This is another change of roles that is also contributing to the weakening of families. This is se
Violence in campuses has aggravated over the last decade and the beginning of school may indicate students going back to seriously dangerous environments. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES, 2008) published that 17 percent of the US public schools reported one or more severe violence cases in 2005-06. According to a college violence report which conducted a survey between 1995 to 2002, college students within the age group of 18-24 years were victims of approximately 479,000 crimes of violence annually (Baum & Klaus, 2005). These crimes included instances of rape/sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault. News accounts of violent incidences on school campuses include assaults, arson, kidnapping, use or possession of weapons, intimidation, harassment, bullying, mugging, threatening, theft, sexual offenses, bomb threats, disruptive incidences, use, sale or possession of drugs or alcohol, attacks on teachers, and murder (NCES, 2008). Recent incidents of campus violence include the occurrence of an ex-student shooting a teacher and others in North Illinois University campus, a woman shooting two classmates on the Baton Rouge campus of Louisiana Technical College, and another incident where 33 people were shot dead at Virginia Tech and has been dubbed as the biggest case of mass shooting in modern American history (Sander & Ashburn, 2008). Campus violence impacts teacher and student turnover as well as initiate serious psychological problems for the victims. Victims of such acts of violence are compelled to leave school by dropping out or by taking a leave of absence. To recover from the shock of the event, they may even have to move back home to “regroup, or transfer to a school closer to home” (Carr, 2005, p. 3). If the victims remain in school, they face severe psychological problems including problems of concentrating, studying, and attending classes. They become psychological distorts and panicky. As reported by Carr (2005), these victims always fear running into the perpetrator and so avoid social activities and ultimately becoming introverts. This causes stressful college life which leads to development of clinical symptoms of trauma or anxiety that affect their mental and physical health. Even though there are such serious consequences of violence on campus, the reporting of such violence is very low. According to NCES Report (2008) shows that there were more than 77 percent schools in 2005-06 who experienced one or more violent incidents and less than 38 percent of these were reported. This essay tries to as certain why there has been an increase in campus violence acts even with preventive regulations and increased awareness and how these can be reduced in future. To find the solution to the problems of campus violence it is necessary to understand what the root causes of such problems are. Violence takes different forms and the underlying reasons to such violent acts are different. For instance, let us consider the case of sexual hara
Data Destruction Data destruction is the process of managing the data throughout its lifecycle and then eliminating it from the system if it is not necessary. For the majority of modern companies, the process of data destruction is one of the essential procedures allowing the organization to run smoothly and manage their data efficiently while staying protected. The first method is called “clear.” It means that certain software is used to sanitize the data sources and protect the information that is owned by the company (Conklin et al. 46). The software utilizes basic read-write commands and can rewrite the values or reset the machine if it is necessary (or if the rewriting option is not supported by the setup). The second method is called “purge.” This particular procedure applies logical systems to recover the required data or make it available again after a check-up (Conklin et al. 655). The last method is called “destruction.” This happens when the data is removed conclusively and irrevocably and cannot be restored due to the physical removal of the information from the storage device. Metadata Discussion Metadata is a type of data that describes the information contained in the given file (Foulonneau and Riley 3). It is important to remove metadata because certain sensitive pieces of information ca be contained there. The decision to remove metadata can be justified by the strategic needs of the company and safety measures intended to protect the intellectual property that belongs to the company (Laykin 61). Fire Accident Classification There are five basic classes of fires – A, B, C, D, and K (Mannan 203). Class A fires are considered to be the most regularly met. They originate from common flammable constituents such as paper, wood, and plastic. Water is one of the most efficient reagents used to put out Class A fires. The Class B fires initiate because of gasses or liquid flammables. The most effective way to put out this type of fires is to limit the flow of oxygen to the fire as Class B fires are rather similar to chemical reactions with analogous outcomes (Dulaney and Easttom 482). Class C fires are commonly initiated by certain electrical components. A variety of appliances and electronic machines/ transformers may become the origin of this type of fire (Dulaney and Easttom 482). The Class D fires usually start from a burnable metal source. When it comes to this type of fire, water is relatively useless and unsafe. Instead, it is advised to use dry powder substances as they can absorb the heat and suffocate the fire itself (Dulaney and Easttom 482). The Class K fires may be usually experienced in kitchens as these fires are related to the process of food preparation. The identified fire extinguishers are located on the territory of the IT department. One of the extinguishers is near the main server and two other extinguishers are next to the main and emergency exits. These are all Class C extinguishers. The travel distances are within the required limit (<75 ft.) – 58, 72, and 39 ft. respectively. SMTP An open mail relay is
Introduction Management is a complex unit consisting of different aspects and concepts to be considered. When people become engaged in a certain business, they need some guidance in terms of planning, organization, leadership competencies, and other concepts that appear to be important for every time of business activity that presupposes relationships between people and achieving certain goals. Naturally, people know what to do and how to do this; but sometimes people have some problems relevant to the lack of confidence, stress, or necessity of training. In this respect, a wise manager can make people work more effectively, hence reaching the goal without delays, extra costs, and difficulties involved. The concept of management Management as art Management can be considered an art because it is amazing when people can make the machine consisting of different parts work as a single machine without errors and scandals. Some people need some guidance, whereas others are initiative and express their ambitions regardless of the position of a person that is supposed to gain respect. It is an art to make people do what you consider it necessary to do at the moment including long-term plans and strategic decisions. Tonfoni and Jain (2003) present the management of documentation as an integral part of management making consideration of this concept more visually based. The differences and similarities existing in any art can be analyzed and taught to other people. When a concept is understood and can be learned as well as information from different books, it is possible to say that this concept is a science. An art that can be acquired as knowledge becomes tangible. Management as science Planning, directing, analysing, monitoring, checking, rechecking, making necessary changes in the strategy can be referred to management as a science. It is obvious that certain operations and activities should be performed fir normal maintenance of the business process, though management makes is simple to learn and follow how to make the performance of staff members of the company more effective. Different types of modelling and different aspects relevant to the organisations should be managed with different approaches (Anonymous, 2008; Waite, 2007; Winston, et al., 2009). The way a manager is able to coordinate the work of the personnel is the real science even including a pinch of passion and creativity. It is necessary to divide the management on different sectors each requiring certain approach and peculiar attitude. Thus, managing people, improving their skills, and developing their leadership competencies requires a talent to leave all prejudices and biases behind the door. The process, organizational changes, organizational learning, and reorganization require a common sense and some firmness to be able to make adequate decisions. Human resources, recruitment, benefits require objectivity in terms of being able to choose the most appropriate applicants and refuse the services of inappropriate ones. Conclusion When the art
The Chosen Role, Mission, and Vision The role of the Product Innovation Director was chosen as this employee is the key player in the process of innovation. I believe the Product Innovation Director is also a change agent in a company. Finally, it can be challenging to implement change in this position as the CEO often has the power necessary to encourage or inspire people to (or simply make them) embrace a new framework and complete the needed tasks. The vision of the chosen approach was moving from the bottom to the top. In simple terms, it was expected that face-to-face conversations could develop the necessary atmosphere for facilitating employees’ awareness and interest. The mission was to gain support from employees of different levels and departments to involve as many departments as possible. Executive Assistant, Foreman, General Counsel, R&D VP, Sales & Marketing VP, Sales & Marketing Director, and Customer Relations Manager were interviewed to achieve this goal. SWOT Analysis Strengths One of the strengths of the chosen activity is the opportunity to identify a resister and supporter. Face-to-face interviews can be an initial stage of the process of the development of a coalition (Cameron & Green, 2015). People of different departments were interviewed, which could result in a wider discussion. The more people know about the change, the more people can adopt it. Interviews enable the change agent to provide insightful data and understand the perspective of the interviewed employees. Weaknesses However, this strategy is also associated with a number of downsides. For example, such an important department as financial was not involved in the discussion process. Nevertheless, this department plays one of the central roles in the development of new products or such projects as the focus on sustainability (Doppelt, 2017). Interviews have another shortcoming as they do not ensure the dissemination of information. For example, the news concerning the innovative approach will reach quite a limited circle of people. Opportunities One of the opportunities associated with this activity is the opportunity to reuse it within a week. It is possible to have conversations with the same people and involve others in the discussion as well. Personal links will contribute to