ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The first Breast Cancer Awareness (BCA) Campaign was initiated in 1992 by Mrs. Evelyn Lauder. With the focus on the BCA Campaign activities, Mrs. Lauder shared the vision that the females and males from all over the world can unite in order to cope with the threat of the breast cancer, and each person can have the unique contribution to these activities. Mrs. Lauder proposed to use the Pink Ribbon as a symbol for depicting the women’s breast health. The symbol became universal, and today it is associated with the global activities of the BCA Campaign launched by Estee Lauder Companies. It is important to state that the BCA Campaign activities are oriented to increasing the public awareness of the breast health and collecting the resources for the research and medical assistance. The purpose of this report is to present the evaluation of the Pink Thursday Competition as one of the BCA Campaign internal activities implemented by Estee Lauder Companies in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, with the focus on providing recommendations for the company’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer regarding the further improvement of the internal communications. Activity in the Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign The Pink Thursday Competition is launched in the context of the BCA Campaign in order to enhance the awareness of the breast cancer among the Estee Lauder Companies’ employees in Dubai. The activity is held annually, and it lasts four weeks in October, during which employees are encouraged to demonstrate their pink outfits on four Thursdays. The activity’s purpose is to involve the Estee Lauder Companies’ employees in the BCA Campaign, share the values and vision proclaimed by Mrs. Lauder, and support the global BCA Campaign movement. The winners are determined each week, based on the photographs made during Pink Thursdays by the Internal Communications (IC) team. The pink outfits of employees are evaluated in terms of their creativity and unique style. The winners of the Pink Thursday Competition are awarded Pink Ribbon products, as well as spa and fitness vouchers. The percentage received from selling Pink Ribbon products is sent to the BCA Campaign charity activities. It is expected that a large number of employees of Estee Lauder Companies in Dubai can be encouraged to participate in the Pink Thursday Competition, supporting the BCA Campaign and developing the internal communication and culture within the organization. Estee Lauder Companies’ Past Communications In 2014, the BCA Campaign was based on the idea of sharing the personal experience of surviving from the breast cancer. The communication sources used for the 2014 BCA Campaign included press releases, press books, letters and notifications on the website, news articles, and articles in women’s magazines. However, the sources for communicating the internal Pink Thursday Competition for Estee Lauder Companies’ employees were not so various, they included e-mails and the information about the activity were shared with the help of informal communication among employees. As a re
Introduction The western world in the era of colonialism was characterized by patriarchal values and the new world acquired these features as well. However, the development of New France was quite distinct due to peculiarities of the gender roles in the North America and France. The need to encourage people to live in new settlements also led to quite a specific attitude towards women in the area. 1 These two factors resulted in the development of the society where women enjoyed a wide range of rights and were rather empowered. Nevertheless, even this empowerment was limited and had the other ‘darker’ side. Women were confined to unpaid domestic labor, sexual abuse, domestic violence and so on. 2 It is necessary to note that various factors affected the way gender roles were distributed in New France. This paper explores the way the gender roles developed in the area with a particular focus on race and class. Native Americans and the French Law Native Americans had the societal order that was very different from the European tradition. Thus, Native American females enjoyed equal rights with men. 3 For instance, in the 17 th century, Europeans reported that a Native American man could promise something, and if he did not do it, he could simply say that his wife did not want him to do that. 4 Apparently, women took the prominent part (and often had equal rights) in the decision-making process. They were respected in the communities as they also participated in the fur-trade. Native American females were often mediators and interpreters between Native Americans and Europeans. Of course, women handled domestic issues. They were also mainly involved in making clothes, preparing food (including preparing supplies for winter). As far as French women of that period were concerned, they enjoyed few rights. However, they were still more empowered than, for instance, British women. Thus, the Catholic Church propagated patriarchal values. Females did not take any part in the political as well as social life of the country. 5 Those pertaining to the higher and privileged classes could have salons inviting different people (mainly people involved in art or charity). They were also involved in charity activities. However, the major role of a female irrespective of her class was domestic issues. Women brought up children and focused on their households. At the same time, some women rights (mainly concerned with property and dowry) were protected by the law. 6 Thus, the woman could keep the dowry or any property she had prior to her marriage in the case of divorce. The New Order in the New World Rights, Freedoms and Responsibilities of Females Evidently, when Europeans came to the New World, they started spreading their ways and New France could be no exception. It was especially true for religious matters. Catholic priests tried to convert indigenous people to Catholicism, and
The great depression in Canada began in 1929 due to the conditions prevailing in the United States. Being neighbors and so closely interrelated both of the countries enjoyed considerable partnerships in the various areas of cooperation. Canadian economy went into tatters and the commodity most affected by the depression was wheat. Wheat is the primary export of Canada was hugely affected and in turn, affected the whole economy of the country. Due to the depression in the United States, the people across the border were not able to buy the wheat produced and cultivated in Canada and as a result, the exports declined. The investment opportunities swindled to their lowest ebb and the unemployment rose to more than 25 %. Anyhow these conditions were not the result of a single factor but the outcome of a plethora of issues ranging from World War 1 to the conscription, British intervention, and conditions in the US are to be blamed as well. World War 1 started around 1914 and Britain waged it against the axis. Being an ally to Britain Canada had to send in troops to wage the war. This put huge strains on the economy and when the war that was supposed to take not more than 3 months was taking more than three years 1 , heads began to rise and people started questioning the conceptuality behind involving the troops to fight somebody else’s war. By August Britain had declared war on Germany and as part of the conglomerate, Canada was constrained to join. At first, Canadians fought under British command but later Canadian started taking stock of the situation and managed to employ their own strategies through their commanders. Before long it was realized that in order to win the war some policies need to be reconsidered. Such as the policies regarding recruitment and planning. This involved the enforcement of the “Military Service Act” in 1917. This was the basis of Conscription in Canada. There was fierce opposition to the act from all quarters mostly from French Canadians like Wilfred Bourassa and the rest. Prime Minister Robert Borden was in a quandary about the repercussions until his government collapsed. But Robert managed to unify his party under a partnership with Liberal Opposition and this served him a fruitful purpose. Conscription meant that people were to be drafted out to fight the war. It was due to the shortage of troops that this step had to be taken. English Canadians were in favor of the act but the Quebec Canadians however were not. The Military Service Act was enforced in 1918, which caused more than 500,000 men to be liable for military duty 2 . There were however many exemptions and loopholes in the act which exempted almost everybody who would have participated in the war effort. There were widespread riots in Quebec and a lot of people were killed. It was sometime after that the exemptions were lifted and people had to join in, however, only around twenty-five thousand people actually joined the war effort. World War 1 ended in around a year and thus only a handful of Canadians were actually involved in th
Introduction Media is one of the most powerful political tool that has been used by various political groupings to pass distorted information to the unsuspecting audience. According to Locher and Graham (2010), media has the role of educating, informing, and entertaining the public. This scholar notes that media has done well on its role of entertaining and educating the public. However, its role to educate the public has been abused by selfish interests of a few aristocrats in the society. Most of the news agencies across the world are for profit organization that depend on the earnings from advertisements in order to remain operational. This is the main reason as to why these agencies have failed to live up to their expectations as authoritative and independent reporters of what is taking place in the society. It has allowed those with capacity to buy their airtime take control of what they present to the public. News presented by these agencies are always coined in a manner that would convince the public to believe in a given issue irrespective of the truth it holds. This explains why two or three different news agencies would report on a given issue from two different perspectives. This critical discourse analysis would be focused on the Egyptian revolution, and how Aljazeera, Al-Arabiya, and CNN reported on various incidents during this revolution. Critical Discourse Analysis According to Lilleker (2006), reporters have strong influence on the perception that the audience would have during, and after listening to news. Diction plays an important role during the process of editing given news report before it is released to the public. Besides the intention to inform the public about different events in the society, the editors are always focused on influencing public idea through their reporting. As Stanyer (2001) notes, reporters and their editors have been keen on their linguistic levels such as syntax, lexis, pragmatics, and semantics when presenting a given piece of information. A given incident can be described from different perspectives in order to arouse different reactions from the readers or listeners. Stanyer (2001) says that the function of critical discourse analysis, “Is to seek to reveal how texts are constructed so that particular (and potentially indoctrinating) perspectives can be expressed delicately and covertly.” In this analysis, it would be interesting to understand the role that was played by different media stations during the Arab Uprising in Egypt. According to Lilleker (2006), the Egyptian revolution was largely influenced by the media. In fact this scholar says that this was a media revolution. People used both the social and mass media to enlighten one another and to motivate everyone to participate in the revolution in different ways. It would be necessary to understand that when the uprising began, it was seen as a unified fight of
Introduction Culture refers to the set of norms which dictate the principles or values in a given community. Cultural diversity refers to a variety of dissimilar societies or individuals with unique origins, religions, as well as customs living and socialising together. The significance of managing cultural diversity is obvious in the hospitality industry. The industry experiences high rate of international mobility. It is apparent that the management has to establish innovative strategies of dealing with cultural diversity issues (Brotherton 2003, P. 11). This report gives an explanation of the methodologies that the hospitality industry might apply to attain a competitive advantages. The basic rationale for management of cultural diversity is to enable smooth and effective business operations. Its management creates a sense of tolerance and understanding amongst the stakeholders (Acevedo 2012). Additionally, its effective management enhances an organization’s competitiveness, productivity, and profitability. This is because the instances of conflicts are greatly minimized. Generally, firms that have effective cultural diversity management techniques have a high competitive edge. Observably, there are notable disadvantages accruing to the management of cultural diversity. These include heavy expenditures as well as extensive business hours allocated for management trainings. Managing Culture Shock Culture shock is a common incidence when people get exposed to new or unique surroundings that have unfamiliar cultures. A proper management strategy for culture shock would reduce its negative impacts and enhance the performance of the service sector (Foley 2010). Organizations within the hospitality sector should set up training and capacity building programs for their employees on the methodologies of alleviating culture shock. Additionally, the employees within this sector ought to know how to manage the challenge. Culture shock may be propagated by an anxiety that emerges from a person losing their entire familiar sings as well as symbols vital in social intercourse (Marx 2001, P. 57). Language for instance precipitates the problem. In order to attain a competitive advantage, organizations within the hospitality sector ought to recruit and train its employees on a variety of aspects. Interpersonal skills are vital since they enhance knowledge transfer; improve coordination as well as control. Such skills if majored on will enable stakeholders to establish effective relationships and build trust. Linguistic ability will assist the organization to establish contact (Acevedo 2012). Corporations within the hospitality sector should also encourage their workers to gain the motivation of living overseas. This enhances their cultural curiosity, which is a vital recipe for successful adaptation. The capacity of an organization as well as its employees to develop toleranc
Ion Channels Like many other physiological processes, phototransduction starts from the functioning of ion channels. They support the exchange of the cells with the environment, substances, energy, information, etc. and define the perception of external signals by the cell, i.e., the processes of excitation and inhibition in the neural system. In the dark, Na+ channels of the membranes of the external segments of rods and cones are open, and the electric current flows from the cytoplasm of the internal segments into the membranes of the outer segments. The current also flows to the synaptic terminal of the photoreceptor causing a permanent release of the neurotransmitter. Na+, K+-pump located in the internal segment supports the ion balance by compensating the output of Na+ with the input of K+. In this way, in the dark, ion channels are left open, and the flows of Na+ and Ca2+ into the cells through the open channels ensure the appearance of the dark current. The given process occurs merely during the membrane depolarization which leads to the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, the input of Ca2+ into the cell, and the subsequent excitation of neurons. When the light impacts the outer segment, Na+ channels become closed, and the hyperpolarization receptor potential occurs. This potential extends to the synaptic point of the photoreceptor and reduces the secretion of the synaptic mediator, i.e., glutamate. It immediately leads to the development of the action potential in the axons of ganglion cells. Adaptation to Light and Darkness When a person spends a significant period in the bright lighting, the transformation of a significant part of the visual pigments into all-trans-retinal and opsin takes place in the rods and cones. The largest part of the retinal turns into vitamin A which leads to the consequent decrease in eye sensitivity. On the contrary, when an individual is placed in a dark environment, vitamin A transforms into the all-trans-retinal. Then, the retinal and opsin form the visual pigments. As a result, the visual sensitivity increases, and the eye adapts to the dark. Rhodopsin and Activation of Ion Channels Photoreceptor cell discs are composed of visual pigments, including rhodopsin. Rhodopsin consists of opsin (the protein part) and 11 cis retinal chromophore which transforms into trans-retinal under the action of photons (photoisomerization). In the outer segment of the rod, disks containing rhodopsin are located. The disks’ membrane and the cellular membrane are disconnected. When light activates rhodopsin, Na+ channels become closed, and it reduces the input of Na+ into
Introduction Senator Barack Obama has been elected President of the United States. History is being made as Obama is the first African American President. It is a time for celebration and opinions are being expressed everywhere in the media on this historical event. Karl Rove in his article “Welcome to the White House, Mr. Obama”, published on 15 January 2009 in the Wall Street Journal warns that the celebrations cannot long and in his subtitle crisply declares, “The honeymoon doesn’t last long”. In this article, Karl Rove predicts that though it is a matter of pride that Barack Obama has become the first African-American President to be sworn in as the President of the United States, the euphoria associated with his coming to power is likely to be short-lived, because of the huge problems facing the government in reality. Mr. Karl Rove is the former senior adviser and deputy chief of staff to President George W. Bush. Thesis: Mr. Karl Rove’s argument that Mr. Obama will face challenging times in the near future is well presented – ably supported by a logical structure, use of facts and figures, quotes from third-party sources and counter-arguments, and gradual progression of the intensity of persuasion. Summary Karl Rove predicts that the true challenges facing Team Obama will be apparent only after the inauguration. After the inauguration is completed, the illusion of perfect achievement will be over for the President and his aides, who have run a successful election campaign, and they will face before them, the more daunting task of running a government. In the view of Rove, Obama is not very prepared for the job as can be seen in his inability to take a strong position on the stimulus bill or on the Iraq war. Rove next accuses Obama of setting up unrealistic expectations by steadily increasing the number of jobs he plans to create in his recent speeches and criticizes vehemently his tax cut proposals by saying that they will not be effective welfare measures. He concludes that the euphoric feeling associated with Obama making it to the White House will soon end as he and his team officials become more aware of the ground realities and the challenges of leading a nation in an economic crisis. Strengths Karl Rove begins with the statement of a historical fact in a factual manner: “On Tuesday, America can take pride in a special transfer of power as Barack Obama becomes the first African-American to be sworn in as president”. Rove then proceeds to list what will happen immediately after the ceremony. He is seemingly sympathetic in his approach as he says that after the ceremony, the president’s aides will go and inspect their offices, posts for which they have sacrificed much in their lives and for which they should be respected by every American. However, the sympathy of the author for the President’s aides is also tinged with warning as he points to the fact that these posts will last only for two to three y
Introduction Sports programs play a significant role in the normal development of a child. However, research by Chumak-Horbatsch (2012) shows that sport is increasingly becoming less popular in modern society. Children currently prefer playing video games instead of the traditional sports that involve physical exercise. Parents are keen on purchasing video games for their children to keep them indoors while they are away working, believing that it is the way of ensuring that they are safe. The trend has led to a situation where many children rarely engage in any meaningful physical activities after school (Mumford & Jackson 2015). This research is very important because it outlines the benefits of physical exercise among children and explains how parents can be involved in ensuring that their children are actively engaged in various sports both at school and at home. Brown (2016) defines perception as an opinion that one has towards a given issue. The researcher will ensure that the research is as objective as possible by avoiding any form of bias. In the study, the researcher will look at the perceived role of sports programs in childhood. The following is the specific question that the research seeks to
Abstract The report is focused on the problem of tolerance and cultural diversity. The description of the exhibit devoted to the Holocaust at the Museum of Tolerance is provided hereafter. The displayed artifacts reflect the historical and moral lessons of World War II. Introduction The museums not only collect and exhibit historical and cultural artifacts. They are also aimed at reminding us of our history and make us think about the events of the past. The purpose of the Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles is to save the memories of mankind’s sufferings caused by human intolerance and prejudice. I have recently visited the exhibit devoted to the Holocaust at the Museum of Tolerance, and I am going to describe my impressions and thoughts related to the theme of the exhibit in this report. The Holocaust Section at the Museum of Tolerance There were different ongoing exhibits at the museum, but I chose to attend the Holocaust Section. My visit to this place and the attendance of this section represented an important experience for me. I should admit that it was rather emotionally difficult to see the belongings of the imprisoned of the Nazi concentration camp and to think about the hard fortune of those people. The exhibit lasted for a little more than an hour, during which we were shown the presence of the historical events from the 1920s to the end of World War II in 1945. Each of the visitors was given a passport card with a photo of the person who went through the sorrows of that time. At the beginning of the exhibit, we were given the card with the child’s photo. At the end of the presentation, we got to know the ultimate destiny of that person. Undoubtedly, each of the artifacts exhibited at the museum deserves special attention, but those, which were collected from Auschwitz, were especially interesting for me. I heard about this concentration camp before, but when I saw the belongings of its victi