ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Chocolate is a product of cocoa. It is a concoction of paste from cocoa, sugar, and butter. It contains carbohydrates, vegetable protein and fats and also minerals like magnesium, traces of iron, sodium, potassium, and vitamins A, B, D and E. Chocolate has high energy level; this is the reason it is liked by athletes, football players and those involved in labor intensive works (PastryWiz Recipes para1-3). Chocolate has several benefits and advantages. It contains theobromine, phenylethylamine, caffeine, and serotonin. Caffeine heightens resistance against fatigue, increases alertness, and favors intellectual activities. Theobromine stimulates the Central Nervous System (CNS), have cardiotonic and diuretic actions and also enhances muscular efforts. Phenylethylamine contains psycho stimulants. Due to its sweet pleasure chocolate also stimulates the production of endorphine (PastryWiz Recipes para7). Cocoa was first discovered in South and Central America by the people of Maya, this was over 1,500 years ago. During that period cocoa was crashed and mixed in water to make a superficial beverage (The Field Museum p1 and 3). Cocoa is the product from which chocolate is made. In west and central Africa, cocoa is amongst the significant plants. It is estimated to cover about 6million hectares of land. Cocoa is also grown in other areas like Asia and South and Central America. The countries that produce cocoa are Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Malaysia, Indonesia, Ecuador, Cameroon, Brazil, Nigeria, and Indonesia. Approximately 70% of world’s cocoa production is accounted for by the west and central Africa region. Cocoa is mainly produced in developing countries. However, most buyers and consumers of cocoa and cocoa products are the rich nations from the West and the East. There is no African country which processes cocoa; it is exported as a raw material to western nations where it is manufactured into products like chocolates, butter, and caffeinated products. Theoretical perspective of slavery Kevin Bales is the director of “Free the Slaves”. He argues that many countries illegalized slavery in the course of the 20 th century. He says that the action drove all the operations of slavery to take place clandestinely thereby making it almost impossible to comprehend the spectacular economic changes that have occurred ever sinc
Today, humanity faces a serious threat that arises from the spread of the coronavirus, or COVID-19. The extremely contagious nature of the given pathogen preconditioned the need for an immediate response and severe isolation measures to stop the appearance of new patients and protect the health of individuals. The outbreak also stipulated significant changes in human behavior, such as working from home to avoid contacts. This solution became one of the factors that caused an overwhelming impact on the environment. The modern world is characterized by a high level of pollution and substantial harm done to the environment. Human activity generates multiple pollutants that destroy nature and deteriorate the quality of air, water, and soil (Ouis, 2002). Thus, during the period of the COVID-19 outbreak, a dramatic reduction in nitrogen dioxide pollution can be observed (Bryson, n.d.). It is mainly associated with the limits that were introduced in the transportation industry, as vehicles are the major sources of this substance. In Wuhan, the area affected by the coronavirus, an improvement of the environmental situation because of the quarantine measures can be observed today (Bryson, n.d.). It means that along with the threat to the health of people, COVID-19 causes a positive impact on the environment by making people reconsider their behaviors and activities. In the modern world, transportation and vehicles are the major threats to the environment. People have to travel every day to go to their works and perform their daily activities (Elvladyman, 2019). In this regard, the effective response to the coronavirus outbreak, or isolation and reduction of movement, is one of the means that have always been proposed by activists as a possible solution to the existing issues. That is why COVID-19 has a positive impact on climate change and slows down its speed.
Introduction Making students read can sometimes turn into a tough challenge for many teachers epically if they work with representatives from Gulf countries. It appears that Emirati students are not introduced to the culture of reading in their free time or at home though the country has faced drastic changes and development over the last three decades. Education appeared to be a key element of those changes considering a vast representation of the UAE on the oil market and other defining industries branches. Language appears to be a new potential resource. It means that strategies of motivating students’ reading also call for changes and development. Purpose and Methodology This study is to identify the most efficient motivating strategies for Emirati students. It investigates the literacy and enjoyment level of reading in English in addition to key components that motivate students to read books in their free time. The qualitative case study discusses several motivation types based on teachers and students’ interviews and detects the most important ones. The idea is to reveal possible aspects of effective literacy practices and implement motivating strategies in the classroom setting. Research Questions This study contains answers to questions asked during interviews with instructors. These answers are used to synthesize and collect necessary data that will help to determine the main problems of students resistant to reading as well as the most efficient motivation strategies and tools. The research questions are as follows:  1. What proportion of your Emirati student enjoy reading in their free time? How does this compare with other nationalities that you have taught?  2. What motivates Emirati students to read books in their free time?  3. Why do other Emirati students not enjoy reading in their free time?  4. What strategies do you use to motivate Emirati students to read? Do you try to develop intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? Which is more important?  5. How can teachers blend student’s’ personal reading motivation in the classroom setting? Results The term “motivation” can be defined as the extent to which we opt for particular goals and purposes and make efforts in order to achieve those goals. The deficit of reading has become more evident when the official 2012 IELTS score has been revealed with only 4.6 for UAE. Such score is the worst among all other Gulf countries putting Emirati students in a tight corner. On the one hand, some of them are resistant to reading in the classroom setting. They have a clear understanding of their weakness in that field considering that “Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is the official language of the country and of the public sector; English is the language of much of the private sector” (O’Neill, 2014). Moreover, the UAE can boast a unique educational system with about half Emirati nationals who go to private educational establishments. The current statistics shows that there are “87% of students in private schools” (Kenaid, 2011). The score is rather low if compared with the average
Identification and analysis of the research questions The research by Kalisch (2006) was about missed nursing care and it had two research questions. The first one was to identify which of the nursing care was most often missed on surgery in medical care during acute nursing care. The second research question was to identify the reasons provided by the nurses for not being able to complete those particular aspects of nursing care. This study acknowledged that the provision and the assurance of quality nursing care and the guaranteeing of patient safety was a major challenge that faced the nursing industry today. Research has shown that there is a link between the level of nursing staff and the deaths of patients of fail to save lives. Other issues include of patient dissatisfaction, patient falls, increase in infection rates and other adverse effects. Research has also identified the specific cases of missed nursing care that have the potential of leading to the association between the negative effects and less staffing. Clarke and Aiken (2003) suggested that the nursing staff were expected to perform surveillance practices in order to help prevent medical errors and provide quality care to the patients. In the hospitals, there are specific aspects of nursing care that were missed regularly. The things that were missed regularly during care may include hygiene, the discharging plan, feeding of patients in a timely manner, ambulation, turning of the patients, teaching of the patients and many more. Several reasons were given by the nurses for missing some of the medical care provided to their patients. One of the reasons provided for missing care is because there was too few staff. They complained of the patients to nurses ration and explained that they could not be everywhere at the same time. Another reason was the time needed for the nursing intervention. The amount of time needed to complete a nursing practice influenced the priorities set. Another reason given was the poor use of the staff that was currently working and specifically the NAs. Other reasons included denial, habit making and not performing duties that they thought were not part of their responsibilities. Evaluation of research study design The researcher of the work took a quantitative research study app
Tough schedule in Senate, attending various educational, religious, and political establishments, flying from one city to another, conducting negotiations, raising money, making decisions, and consulting senators do not provide senators with enough leisure time. Extreme business activities do not let them care enough about their families because a respectful senator should be more concerned with the problems in his/her region. Senators realize that leisure time is a veritable luxury they cannot afford. Nevertheless, having family by their side is still necessary for recharging and refreshing their strength and health. Moral support on the part of their families is crucial for their normal functioning and governing business and political matters. Despite the strict schedule, Senators should be able to strike the balance between work and leisure time. The dichotomy between work and leisure is indispensable for sustaining and enhancing motivation to work and introduce viable political solutions. To sustain the balance, they thoroughly plan their schedule so that to have spare time during lunch to talk to their families. Phone calls are also important to learn anything new about the changes and achievements of their friends. Working women encounter challenges of time deficiency because they have to find ways to pay attention to their families. Like Senators, they also feel difficulties in finding time for having rest and communicating with their friends and relatives. However, women’s first mission is to raise children and provide them with sufficient education, which is impossible because of inflexible working hours and great responsibilities imposed on them. Though gender equality is an acknowledged fact, it is still impossible to solve the problem of leisure time. Gender factor constitutes the major difference between working women and senators because many senators are men whose traditional role is to earn money. Mixing personal life with work is not acceptable because it is hard to distinguish between working space and family time. Hence, during leisure time, a senator could forget that he should not act as a political administrator, but a parent, or a friend. However, women are more experienced and skillful in combining work and leisure time to be able to be a successful business worker and a good mother and wife.
Oral presentation entails communicating with an audience or other people at regular intervals to convince them of the quality of your work. Oral communication skills shape the course of any project (Oral Presentations, P. 1). The ability to make a good presentation is the key to success to many people through clarity of oral presentation and good interpersonal skills (Oral Communication, Para. 4). There are guidelines in oral presentation as it is in documents, graphs and paragraphs. The structure and delivery of oral presentations is very important. You should ask yourself questions to guide you on how to prepare and plan your presentation. Ask yourself questions such as; what is the aim of the presentation, which title are you going to talk about, who will be your audience, what are the main points are you supposed to put across and what are your expectations from the audience at the end of your presentation (Oral Presentation Skills, P. 3). A well structured oral presentation makes it easier for the listeners to follow. There are three levels or parts to a typical presentation; the introduction, body and conclusion. Consider who your audience is, focus on the time you have to use, organize your speech in sections and practice instead of memorizing. Some of the technical approaches of making a good presentation are; how do you prepare for your speech, how to present your speech and how to support your speech by using visual illustrations (Engineering communication Center, P. 1). The introduction enables you to create a rapport with your audience and get their full attention on your presentation. You can use some statements to make the audience not to shift their attention. Make them want to listen and feel relaxed. Ask them questions to get the audience involved in your talk. Give real life illustrations. Don’t forget to introduce yourself for these will enable your audience to identify you and have an opportunity to see your point of view on the subject. Give the title of your subject and go ahead and introduce it. Explain what you are going to talk about and its importance to the audience. “ it is useful to give the listeners some idea on how long you will speak so as to maintain their attention better” (Oral Presentation Skills, P. 6). Try to determine their attitude and knowledge by posing a question. Have a specific and general purpose for your presentation. Tell your audience the objectives of the presentation and then the outline. Keep your outline simple to a few points. Let the audience know the time to ask their questions. Make a smooth transition from the introduction part to the body of your presentation. Efficient communication is made by good presentations. Personality, humor and enthusiasm make an excellent talk. The body of your presentation will hold the content which support
The focal point of the paper is to understand the impact of the credit crunch and its impact on the UK financial services industry. It would also be seen if this affects the UK consumer or if it is beneficial for them. It can be stated that due to this crisis several sections of society are affected. The present crisis has snowballed due to the imprudent handling of rating agencies who are supposed to protect the average investor, financial innovation that has gone all wrong, and inept market regulation. Consumers are now threatened by many negative shocks: falling home values, falling home equity, rising debt servicing ratios, a credit crunch in housing and consumer credit, rising oil, and gasoline prices, weakened labor markets, and, inevitably enough, a falling stock market. The result of this crisis has weakened the profits of financial services industries and thus they are not able to invest on a large scale. Nick Heath reports, “ CB Richard Ellis found that not one bank or law firm chose to take up space in London, with new space split between approximately two-thirds retail and one-third technology. ”(Heath, 1, 3) Thus, it is obvious that financial services companies are facing a great problem in the context of finance. The financial crisis in the UK is seen to fall into a full-scale recession. In its wake, it was found that a large number of about 20, 000 jobs in the City were lost. Credit rating agencies in London have drastically scaled down for job growth by almost 5 % after a correction in their initial estimate that jobs would remain static. Around 400,000 work in the financial districts of London. This would mean that the resulting 20,000 jobs lost caused the already depressed corporate property segment of the market to sink further on news of the scale down on jobs. (Zimmerman, 112) Under this condition, the financial services industry had no other way but to consolidate the entire scenario by service charges and finance rates. One of the favorite modes of operation in cost reduction is outsourcing. Under this circumstance, it was found that “ Almost half (41 percent) of 70 financial services managers questioned in a survey by the Management Consultancies Association (MCA) and the British Bankers’ Association (BBA), expect to increase their current levels of outsourcing because of the credit crunch. ” (Heath, 1, 2) Additionally, it was also reported that around 90% of the managers felt it was inevitable. The fundamentals of operation thus show a drop in cost from the point of view of the industry. This, however, is not encouraging for the employees of the industry but the reduction of cost indicates the sustainability of the companies in the long term. This is backed by competiti
Introduction President Clinton and Vice President Gore have been guided by three core values: building a community of all Americans; creating opportunity for all Americans; and demanding responsibility from all Americans. Pursuing policies based on these values has resulted in tremendous progress for our nation, and a strong America at the dawn of the 21st Century. The President and Vice President are committed to a “New Opportunity Agenda” to build on our progress and expand our prosperity until it reaches every corner of the nation. Longest Economic Expansion in US.. History In February 2000, the United States entered the 107th consecutive month of economic expansion — the longest economic expansion in history. [National Bureau of Economic Research and Council of Economic Advisors] the Clinton years were unquestionably a time of progress, especially on the economy Clinton’s 1992 slogan, ‘Putting people first,’ and his stress on ‘the economy, stupid,’ pitched an optimistic if still gritty populism at a middle class that had suffered under Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. By the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive. Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged. In proposing a plan to cut the deficit, Clinton submitted a budget that would cut the deficit by $500 billion over five years by reducing $255 billion of spending and raising taxes on the wealthiest 1.2% of Americans It also imposed a new energy tax on all Americans and subjected about a quarter of those receiving Social Security payments to higher taxes on their ben
Introduction Sustainable development is one of the core strategies of development adopted by many countries across the world. Although this awareness has reached to that level currently, sustainability was not considered profoundly in the past. In the past, people focused on development without considering other crucial aspects such as environmental awareness, sociology and humanity. The introduction of sustainability closed that gap by developing initiatives which integrate the three aspects. In the modern world, governments are dedicating their efforts towards sustainable development in sectors such as real estate management, infrastructural development and health issues. In essence, they focused profoundly on real estate since it was one of the vital sectors of economic development. However, the authorities face many challenges since the population is increasing progressively leading to high demand of rental houses. As a result, slums have emerged in many parts of the world posing social and environmental threats. In fact, slums have affected many countries such as the UK, the USA, India, China and most countries in Africa. This shows that the emergence of slums should be treated as a global issue demanding a sustainable approach. Therefore, this paper will
To be more specific, the confrontation between the slave states and the free states began in September 1850. The dispute arose as a result of disagreements on territorial boundaries during the war between America and Mexico (McNamara par. 3). The compromise is applauded for averting the possibility of a drastic secession and civil war for approximately four years (McNamara par. 2). It was a perfect draft by Senator Henry Clay who gathered support from a fellow senator, Stephen Douglas (Quarles par 1). Despite the fact that the compromise brought relief to the region, there were specific clauses that did not appeal to both sides involved in the conflict. The set of the compromise included Texas’ surrender on the planned attack on Mexico. This came along with its transfer of the public debt to the federal government (Stewart par. 6). Another compromise was the approval of California’s request to be granted the free state status alongside the disapproval of the southern territorial plan (Stewart par. 2). The southerners benefited from the Fugitive Slave Act which created a lot of tension among the northerners (Stewart par. 3). As a result, the slave trade was demolished. The compromise was essential in order to stop the Mexican war which had started to gain momentum. However, a number of compromise proposals were also made although they did not pass. Famed as an abolitionist and an author, Harriet Beecher was born in America in 1811 and died in 1896 when she was 85 years old. She was very interested in the study of the African-American lifestyle during the regrettable period of slavery. Her book Uncle Tom’s Cabin became very popular reaching the audience either as a book or as a play. The book was a major success and quite influential in America as well as in the United Kingdom (Quarles par 2). Harriet wrote her text condemning the ongoing slavery, hence accelerating the anti-slavery battle in the South. She was very vocal on matters pertaining social issues and fearlessly went public on her beliefs on the subject. Her book is credited for backing the raging debates surrounding abolition of slavery. By then, those were the major issues causing the conflicts hence she managed to capture the attention of many Americans. Interestingly, as a tribute to her great work, it was recorded that in Boston alone, 300 babies were named Eva, as a character in the novel (Quarles par 2). Nonetheless, Harriet fled to Florida because of the sex related scandals leveled against her brother in the 1870s (Quarles par 3). She could not bare the shame and humiliation caused by the public attacks on her with regard to her brother. One of her greatest achievements includes her role in founding the Hartford Art School that is part of the Un