ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The case study offered for the present paper is titled “KD Transport” and is dedicated to the issues of workforce treatment in the crisis situation as compared to the normal work flow and management of workforce for several generations of owners. The brief background is given for the reader to understand the situation as it was during the previous generations of owners who were very indulgent concerning their employees, tried to improve the productivity and employee satisfaction by means of fair work appraisal and stimulation of those who went forward in the working process. This way the owners achieved the enlargement of their company, expanded the capacities and the staff as well as managed to sustain friendly and sound working environment. These were the achievements of the current company’s owner, John’s grandfather and mother (William and Marie) (Fisher, 2006, p. 536). In comparison with his predecessors, John had a completely different vision of the way workforce should be managed and tried to take all governance in his hands, which was especially wrong taking into consideration the autonomy with which all depots belonging to the KD Transport company worked. John also made a mistake by not following the previously made promises for encouragement of employees who succeeded more than others (Fisher, 2006, p. 536). What was also deeply wrong is the unhealthy spirit of competition John tried to impose on separate depots belonging to him, as in the conditions of the joint commitment to one goal and joint work done it was highly irresponsible to raise the contradictions and conflicts on the ground between the affiliates of one common company. It is clear that by these means John was trying to enhance worker’s activity and to increase their enthusiasm based on the competitive spirit they should have as a result of his actions. however, his actions only discouraged managers’ willingness to take part in the decision-making process (it is enough to recollect the way pitfalls were punished and important tasks and decisions were handled to John in the wish to avoid further problems and complications) by the series of penalties imposed by him for some actions that did not prove to be efficient (Fisher, 2006, p. 536). Thus, it is not surprising that the formerly prospering company entered the stage of degradation and failures. This may become a common situation for the company in which there is no trust between management and workforce and the employee satisfaction is gradually moving to the zero point. Analyzing the present case study, it is necessary to note that it does not give any literature review relevant to the topic, so research will be conducted independently. The author only states the problem and creates a co
Debt has been recognized as a major impediment to human development, especially in the third world. The debt crisis in Africa is due to the enormous debt that African countries owe to rich countries. Debt is a stumbling block to sustainable development, security, political and economic stability. Currently, most African countries are servicing loans amounting to billions every week to wealthy nations and institutions in the West such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Statistics from the World Bank indicate that Africa spends 15 billion US dollars a year on debt repayment and gets about 12.7 billion in aid during the same period (World Bank, OECD). At the moment, Africa’s debt stands at 300 US billion dollars (Nepad Secretariat). According to the World Bank, all developing countries mostly sub-Saharan Africa pay about 1 billion US dollars per day in interest on the debt (World Bank). World Bank figures indicate that for every 1 US dollar African countries receive in grants; those countries pay 13 US dollars interest( Mandel, 2006). That raises eyebrows since not many Africans can live on more than a dollar per day. What could be the cause of Africa’s debt crisis? Most of Africa’s debt is considered illegitimate. There are a lot of debts in the world concerning who owes who between African nations and wealthy Nations of the West. Some of the causes of Africa’s debt include continuing legacy of colonialism, odious debt, mismanaged lending, the world’s poor subsidizing the rich, and globalization. The continuing legacy of colonialism: the debt crisis in Africa is partly a result of the unjust transfer of debts from states that colonized various African countries. According to a working paper titled “effects of debts on human rights” prepared by Mr. El Hadji Guisse for the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, a sum of 59 billion US dollars were transferred to developing countries by their respective colonizing states in 1960 (third world Debt a continuing legacy of colonialism, 2004). The debts have been accumulating interests unilaterally fixed at 14% per year. In 1960 most countries especially in Africa were gaining independence. At that time, they had not organized their economies to positions of being able to service those loans. Therefore up to the time of starting to pay, the loans had indeed accumulated due to the accrued interests. Odious debt: odious debt is defined as unfair debt resulting from illegitimate loans. Odious loans were extended to dictatorial governments in Africa so that they could be used to oppress people for personal interests. For example in the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire), Mobutu Seseko received a lot of aid from the US than the rest of sub-Saharan Africa combined during much of the cold war despite that Mobutu was diverting the money for their purposes some storing Swiss banks. The people of DRC are now paying the debts for which they
Toni Preckwinkle is the representative of Cook County, Illinois. She is a current president of the board who is targeted at the county’s development. Preckwinkle focuses on the issues regarding criminal justice, the economy, and healthcare. Her persistence and determination appeal to people, which can be proved by the fact that she was chosen for this position for the second time. During the first term, she was concentrated on Medicaid patients and contributed to their enrollment in CountyCare. Thus, more than 95,000 people gained the opportunity to enhance their conditions. Now she wants to upgrade the equipment utilized by the health care providers and expand their services. Preckwinkle claims that “we will reform our health care system by building on our existing strengths: top-notch healthcare professionals, internationally recognized research, community-based care, and unmatched compassion” (Blumberg & Thometz, 2015, para. 6). Mike Bost is the state representative for twenty years already. He believes that the government is to support the population by contributing to its development taking into consideration various spheres. Thus, he refers to agriculture, energy independence, healthcare, economy, and defense. He opposes the wish of other politicians to change the retirement age and wants to help the citizens. Mike Bost thinks that people realize their health care needs better than the representatives of the government, which is why he visits hospitals and clinics. He considers the patient’s insurance and claims that he is going to undertake needed steps to reduce the costs and increase the number of insured people. Bost supports “allowing businesses and associations to pull together their health plans to obtain larger health care premium discounts from major health insurers, full federal income tax deductibility for co-payments, deductibles, out-of-pocket costs, and premiums and encourage more, not less competition, in the Medicare system by expanding, not shrinking, the popular Medicare Advantage program” ( Issues , 2015, para. 4). Richard J. Durbin is a federal representative with almost twenty years of experience. He sits on the committees that deal with appropriations (including health and human services), judiciary, rules, and administration. He sponsors the bills in various issue areas but the majority of donations (20%) are in healthy ones. Recently, Richard Durbin supported the bill “to include the county and municipal correctional facilities among medical facilities that qualify for designation as health professional shortage areas for purposes of the National Health Service Corps” ( National Health Service Corps expansion act of 2015 , 2015, para.1). He also supports the idea of some politicians to reduce prescription drug prices and require employers to provide the workers with clear information regarding the coverage of healthcare services. Considering the impact of the healthcare areas that the representatives discussed, we may conclude that the reduction of costs and equipment upgrading are likely to have a positive effect on psychiat
With a party-line vote of 50-49, the US Senate on Saturday, March 6, 2021, passed President Joe Biden’s stimulus bill. The package, which is worth a sweeping $1.9 trillion, passed through the House of Representatives on Wednesday, March 10, 2021, and the Head of State signed it into law the next day on Thursday, March 11, 2021. The package addresses the ongoing crisis’s economic effects while simultaneously tackling poverty-related issues (Kaplan). Its impact on society would be far-reaching as the nation navigates through the difficulties of a global pandemic that has killed hundreds of thousands of Americans (Kaplan). It is the second time during the coronavirus epidemic that the US government is enacting a law to protect its citizens economically. The first time it did so was in 2020 during the Trump administration. Biden’s Stimulus Package is his first major policy as US President. I support the new law because it extends jobless benefits, offers direct payments to individuals, gives financial assistance to state and local governments, presents monetary aid to schools, and provides funding for coronavirus-related priorities. The first reason I support the American Rescue Plan is that it extends jobless benefits to Americans. It keeps the weekly enhancement on unemployment assistance at $300 until May 1, 2021 (Liu). The aid, which arrives in April, is an ambitious antipoverty program that will help individuals cope with the current financial difficulties caused by the ongoing health crisis. President Biden’s Economic Rescue Plan also extends some programs within the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020, by President Donald Trump, until early September 2021 (Liu). These programs include Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) and Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation (PEUC) (Liu). The extension of both programs will provide much-needed assistance to gig workers, the long-term jobless individuals, and people who were traditionally ineligible for financial aid. Thus, the new law will cushion all Americans, particularly those without a stable income, from the pandemic’s harsh effects while at the same time preventing the American economy from crumbling. The new legislation will also provide direct payments to individuals through the US, and this is the second reason why I support it strongly. Working-class families in the US will cumulatively receive one trillion dollars due to unsatisfactory job trends, which is more than 50 percent of the entire Rescue Plan amount (Liu). Thus, the majority of the money will go directly to families as financial assistance from the government. The US Job Report for January 2021, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, reveals that the current job market is characterized by modest j
The article being analyzed is titled ‘Breaking through Barriers to TQM Effectiveness: Lack of Commitment of Upper-Level Management’. It’s authored by Ebrahim, Pei-Chun and Naser. It is based on the topic of Total Quality Management (TQM) and explores the barriers to TQM in general paying special attention to the lack of commitment of Upper – Level Management to TQM. The arguments in the article are based on various theorists of TQM such as Powell, Black, Porter, and Kanji among others. Each of the theorists gives his or her version of the reasons why TQM is not effective in many organisations. The key reasons why top management is not fully committed to TQM include lack of knowledge about TQM, mobility of management and the fear of taking risks through TQM initiatives (Ebrahim, Pei-Chun & Naser, 2005). Total Quality Management (TQM) is a business strategy employed by companies or profit making originations to increase customer satisfaction as well as improve their internal processes (McNamara, 2011). The main implementation issues associated with TQM include understanding of TQM and what it entails, establishing an organisational culture which can support the implementation of TQM, aligning TQM implementation with the priorities of the organisation and understanding of the time frames necessary for the implementation of TQM (Seattle, 2003). One of the reasons why Upper-Level Management is not committed to TQM is lack of knowledge on TQM. While it is true that some of the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) may lack knowledge on TQM, research shows that majority actually have the knowledge and understanding of the concept and its importance. In fact, what seems to be a correct argument in the article is that lack of commitment by Upper-Level Management should be viewed from multiple dimensions (Barnard, 1948). As outlined in the article, the fact that many organisations keep on changing CEOs every now and then appears to be the major reason as to why Upper- Level Management is not committed to TQM. Obviously , the CEOs do not see the need to engage in quality management because they are not sure whether they will remain in the organisations to see the output. If organisations would like their top management to be committed to TQM, then they should reduce management mobility, especially for the CEOs because doing so would enable the CEOs to invest in TQM without any fears or doubts (Crosby, 1979). Organisations in the UAE could benefit from the concepts advanced in the article. For example, organisations could invest more in training Upper- Level Management as well as the lower level employees on TQM. They could also invest in deploying resources for managing organisational change, which comes with TQM initiatives. They can also benefit by employee training and development, customer satisfaction improvement, process management as well as product design. All these taken together can make organisations in the UAE, especially those in construction and hospitality industries make huge returns due to improved organisational efficiency. What I
AMP energy drink is energy drink brand which is produced by PepsiCo and was introduced in the market in 2001. The brand has made a mileage from 2009 to date and it now enjoys its own trade mark name. The product has found its markets in the United States, Canada and now in India and by 2009; the brand was ranked fourth energy drink in the United States with regard to all retail sales (Hein, 2009). Marketing mix is the marketing model that is consisted of four P’s so when planning to market AMP drink it is essential to know how customers perceive it and for our case the quality of AMP energy drink will determine how it will fare in the competitive market (Schermerhorn, 2004). The AMP energy drink has the original flavor of mountain dew but in order to make it more unique, and appealing to consumers it has been enhanced with ginseng, taurine, B complex vitamins, maltodextrin which is a complex protein as well as guarana which the company has patented as MDX5 (Hein, 2009). AMP energy drink is also made unique by vitamin B that makes it to glow in light. In addition AMP is a catchy name that is used to illustrate the effect the product has on those who consume it. The consumers are required to get “AMPed up” which has been used to mean partying all night long and PepsiCo has used the slogan “get plugged in” (Hein, 2009). The target consumers for AMP should be college men ages below 25 years because males, more than females drink more energy drinks. The other way under the product mix is the packaging of the brand which is like any other energy drink in an 8.4 ounce can but the AMP drink can, should be uniquely designed with an image that appeals to mountain drinkers. It is however wise for company to consider having different varieties to make it appealing to different consumers. In the marketing mix, where the product is found is very important and the underlying factor is that the place should be accessible and presentable to the buyers. AMP brands should be distributed conveniently within the college campuses or near the college because it should target college students (Wyatt, 2004). Other places where the brand can be placed are the bars and clubs because they remain open until late evening in India. With more than three hundred deemed universities a part from the private universities, India will make the best market for the AMP energy drink. Displaying the brand in campus buildings, store and vending machines will get the attention of targeted consumers. This can be done by utilizing the university’s vending machines which are used to make the AMP available. There are many health benefits which are associated with AMP energy drink, one outstanding potential is its ability to fetch substantial profits to the PepsiCo company. Even when the retail price for AMP is relatively low the company can earn a lot of money through economies of large scale when is sells in bulk and at the international market (Hill, 2009). One way the company can encourage large scale buying is by giving promotions to its customers. For instance it can decide to add an extra can for anybody who bu
Storyline Written by Charlie Ness, The Godfather is a movie that premiered in the 70s and revolves around crime; the storyline of this movie is that Don Corleone is the person in charge of a Mafia family that is based in New York. In the movie, the Don’s is getting married and as a father, he is doing everything to see that the wedding of his daughter goes well. His son Michael has returned from war but he has no intentions of participating in the business that his father does. In the this movie, the Don is seen to be good to those people who respect him, his business and his family and will not have anybody stand in the way of his family and business. Still in the movie, the Turk’s family would like to get into the business of selling heroine and approaches Don Corleone whose political influence in New York could provide a good head start for their intended business. Don is however adamant in accepting what would have been an otherwise very lucrative proposal. The Don later sends one of his men Luca Brasi to Turk’s empire; Luca is however captured by Turk’s men and later in the movie the Don is shot a number of times in an attempt to assassinate him. Turk then later asks his men to offer the same deal to Don’s son. Analysis of the movie An analysis of this movie brings out key aspects of teams and organizational culture. To begin with, Don Corleone is the head of his business empire; he has established a great empire and also has great political aspects. Due to his well-established career, the Don has influence and would have managed to connect the drug cartels with the necessary networks in the business within no time. However Don Corleone has another side of him; he was merciless, ruthless and was willing to do almost anything to keep his empire and family intact. Anybody who dared stand in his way or compromise the interests of his businesses stood to be eliminated (Puzo 23). Primary Leaders The primary leaders in this movie are Don Corleone and Turk. They are in charge of big business empires and they are the ones who make major decisions. They are the ones who give orders in their empires and they managed to get people to respects and fear them as well. The two empires were like teams and as it is clearly seen in the movie, every team has a leader. One team was led by Don Corleone while the other was led by Turk; every member of the team was expected to support the rest of the members to ensure that the objectives of the team were achieved. Organizational culture This movie represents a culture of organization where there are teams that have leaders; in this case, these teams are known as the mafia. The mafia leaders in this movie are represented by both the Turk and Don Corleone. The mafia happens to be organized crime organized groups that have a main leader and subjects who work under the instructions of these leaders. Normally, the leaders are the ones who give instructions to subjects and the work of the subjects is to implement the instructions; usually, the subjects tend to be submissive to their leaders but brutal and almost violent when carrying out the orders given by their leaders (Puzo 23). Conclusi
Introduction Deviant behavior is the behavior that is a recognized violation of social norms. The formal and informal social controls attempt to prevent or minimize deviance and one of the control measures is the medicalization of the deviance. Crime the violation of formally enacted law is formal deviance while the informal social violation like the picking one’s nose is an informal. Deviance can also mean not doing what the majority does or alternatively doing what the majority does not do. The sociological studies on the deviant behavior include: the structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and the power conflict theory. Main text The structural-functionalist perspective believes that the deviations come from the formation of the norms and the values which are enforced by institutions and the deviations are not deviant by nature, but caused when the institutions arbitrarily institute particular prescriptions. So the deviation is what is defined as not normal by norms, values, or laws. The symbolic interactionism explains the deviance from the individual who learns deviant behavior and the deviant may grow up alongside other deviants or may learn to give excuses for deviance. It focuses upon the consciousness and the mind of the individual as opposed to the institutions from where the norms come from. The neutralization theory explants how deviants justified their deviant behaviors by adjusting the definitions of their actions and by explaining to themselves and others the lack of guilt of their actions in the particular situations. (Cohen, 1966). T