ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Using the Web for Recruitment and Selection Introduction The Internet is increasingly becoming the recruitment and selection platform of choice for many recruiters across the world. The recruitment process goes hand in hand with the selection criteria. After the successful advertisement of vacancies, job applicants are selected through the organisational selection process. Almost 50% of organisations use the Internet in their recruitment and selection processes (Williams & Adam-smith 2010). Nevertheless, the Internet and technology at large are accompanied with several pitfalls to both the job applicants and the recruiting organisations. This section will explore the advantages and disadvantages of using the web in recruitment and selection. Moreover, the paper will highlight the different pitfalls and challenges of online recruitment and selection. Using the web for recruitment and selection Online recruitment and selection occur via Facebook, Twitter, and company websites among other online platforms. In the modern organisational workplace, fast, efficient, and cost-effective methods of recruitment play a crucial role in organisational performance. Online recruitment and selection provide a platform for employers to meet qualified, competent, and diversely skilled employees without the traditional process of going through arduous protocols restricted by time and space (Leat 2007).The online recruitment starts by job applicants accessing advertised job vacancies in the organisational websites. After understanding the requirements for a certain position, the applicants then apply for the same via online platforms. Candidates’ short listing In this process, the organisational interviewing panel decides and lists down the potential job candidates after screening. In the online screening process, job applicants are tested through document screening and phone screening. In document screening, the employers review the application forms, personal qualification details, and any other supportive online attachment document (Leat 2007). On the other side, in phone screening, the organisational interviewing panel may call the job applicants for information inquiry to evaluate if the potential employees meet the selection requirement criteria (Compton 2005). However, online shortlisti
Leadership and management issues are of critical importance to the discipline of nursing. Some of the areas that leadership and management incorporate are finances, business focus, information management, and marketing (Baker, 2000a; Kelly-Hayes, 2003). From the point of view of nursing being a business, a medical mistake can be an example of poor management in that protocols were not in place to ensure that an incident did not occur (e.g., having checklists available so that the nurse could be sure she had followed all necessary procedures). In regards to marketing, the hospital as well as the nurse has provisioned the patient and family with an image of being incompetent and neglectful in their care for the patient. Recent studies point to a distinct lack of leadership qualities amongst nurses in general, and attribute this to a lack of training in the area (Laukkanen, 2005). Unfortunately, this is a waste of resources as nurses are in key position to influence hospital care policies, as well as state and national legislation (Sullivan, 2001). It is contended that student nurses need to be encouraged to develop their leadership and managerial skills, as well as their clinical skills (Baker, 200b). For example, a more salient awareness of cost-containment issues could have motivated the hospital to have set protocols for the bed-care of elderly patients (Antrobus, 1999). Additionally, the use of job re-design amongst the nursing staff could have provided the hospital with a critical evaluation of the sequential tasks of each job a nurse undertakes, and provided solutions for combining tasks to improve patient care (e.g., saying goodnight/see you later to a patient also includes the action of the hands checking the bed-rail is up) (Sullivan, 2001). Quality management is important to nursing as it allows for an evaluation of the outcomes of practices. In turn, this style of management provides for a preventative approach to nursing that identifies potential problems quickly, and facilitates research into viable alternative solutions (Belcher, 2000; Hendel & Steinmann, 2002). As such, the hospital working environment should be one that facilitates the nurse to carry out good practice. This requires support from more senior nurses to ensure that student nurses have been briefed and assessed on their understanding and practical demonstration of knowledge of known potential problems (Hendel & Steinmann, 2002), in this case, a patient falling from the bed due to rails not being in an position. However, nursing management that is over-controlling does not contribute to the nurse developing self-directed learning and concrete understanding of why protocols are undertaken as they are (Kelly-Hayes, 2003). This study will evaluate the perceptions of nurses as to leadership and management practices in their department across staff levels to determine where gaps exist. Using a mixed-method design this study will ask a sample of 42 nurses from a local hospital to complete a mail-out survey, take part in a focus group, and perhaps be selected for a semi-struc
Introduction There are different functions of business management. The functions of business include controlling, leading, organizing and marketing among others. These functions are essential in successful operation of the respective business entity. The management functions should be effectively coordinated to achieve goals and objectives of a company or organization. Each function plays an important role in the development and success of the respective business. However, marketing is considered among the most important functions of management because it is concurrent through the management process of an organization. Marketing involves searching of market for the products of an organization and determination of the customers’ preferences and appropriate product to produce in the market. It also involves informing the public of new products of a company, how to use the respective product, close competitors and how to compete fairly and effectively in the respective market, and any other change that has been made on respective products. There are different tools that can be used for marketing, for instance, events. This paper highlights how events can be used as a marketing tool. There are different categories of events that companies or organizations may participate in; they include, leisure events, organizational events, personal and cultural events. Choice of an event to use as a marketing tool wholly depends with the respective product that a company intends to market and the expected target group or consumers. Generally, most companies use product launch as a marketing strategy because it is the most common form of organizational event organized by all companies irrespective of size or nature of products produced. Basically, events are categorized with reference to their objective and purpose (Bowdin ‘et al’ 56). However, organizations and companies may use different events as a marketing tool irrespective of their objective or purpose provided the company achieves its goal and the event also achieves its objective and purpose (Goldblatt 79). Consumers’ tastes and preferences are dynamic and therefore require organizations to closely monitor the market and adapt to respective changes that may affect their survival and operation in the respective industry. To effectively operate and compete in an industry and meet needs and demands of consumers, companies need to establish an effective strategic marketing tool. The tool should also be considered an effective communication tool, for instance, events. Events are considered one of the most effective communication and marketing tool that are from launching of a product to organizing of press conferences (Goldblatt 84). Basically, promotional events are created by companies to enable them effectively communicate with both the potential clients and existing customers of the company or organization (Bowdi
“Hamlet” and “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead” are two plays. There is a definite connection between them, but it goes beyond the mere obvious drama of death. Both plays have a common theme of a surreal world where people are objects ruled by a higher and unknown force. Even though these works of art were created in a deem and distant past, they still can be attributed to the modern times. The link of “Hamlet” and “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead” to the present days can be seen in the lost characters. People are often unaware of their point in life and how to define own goals and dreams. Just like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern feel lost and are unaware of their purpose, so do people in the modern society. With such a vast amount of information people begin doing something, only to realize that their actions were pointless and unclear, so they begin doing something else. The same is seen in the characters from the play, as they are not sure of why or where they are going. Several times, they thought about working out their destination, deciding to change the course of their lives, only to later give up and say that there is no point in life. They choose a path that forcefully takes them there, and they have neither strength nor want to decide anything for themselves (Shakespeare, 1987). The two plays have a lot of parallels, but they are different kinds of tragedy. “Hamlet” is based on the feud within a family. Hamlet is torn apart by the recent events, and everything that follows springs from his anger and the need for revenge. Most of the time, the mood of the play is depressing and sad, as people become marionettes of greed and other people’s selfishness. “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead” is a much different type of tragedy, as these two individuals are very sneaky, fake, seemingly kind and understanding. More about Hamlet What is Hamlet’s concluding thought after he has mused over the skulls and the idea of death? 5 518 What is Hamlet’s Opinion About Theater? 5 166 Do you think Hamlet is a problem play or a tragedy? Why? 4.3 3579 What conflict(s) does Hamlet Experience Inside Himself? 4.3 1532 What Does the Ghost Tell Hamlet? 5 744 What excerpt from act 3 of Hamlet supports the conclusion that Hamlet is critical of women? 4.3 532 Hamlet realizes the fact that his two “friends” act out of someone else’s will and he treats the situation accordingly. Two of his oldest friends cannot even beg
Introduction The health of the nation is one of the major concerns of modern society. Due to the multiple efforts and focus on the cultivation of healthy lifestyle humanity managed to achieve significant success in struggling with many diseases. Today, there are only rare cases of illnesses that previously killed millions of people and devastated lands. To a greater degree, it is a preconditioned by the scientific progress and appearance of vaccines that radically altered the situation in the healthcare sector and decreased mortality rates of newborns. However, regardless of the apparent positive effect of vaccinations on the health of the nation, there are multiple fears associated with this practice presupposing that there are some risks because of the damage done to various organs. In the majority of cases, these concerns are related to the lack of information about how modern vaccines work and can be eliminated by effective educational work. Mechanism of Functioning First of all, the mechanism of functioning should be explained. In general, it can be described as a specific training course for the immune system of a person. The fact is that when the body firstly faces a pathogen, virus, or another foreign invader, it needs several days to introduce an appropriate response by producing antibodies that try to eliminate antigens and protect an individual from the further development of the disease (Griesenauer & Kinch, 2017). However, it can take several days which is too long when speaking about some serious systemic problems. For this reason, there is a need for a tool that will help the body and the immune system to work more effectively. Vaccines are made of dead or weakened antigens that cannot precondition the development of infection; however, they are still recognized as enemies and initiate the production of antibodies (Griesenauer & Kinch, 2017). It helps the immune system to create memory cells that will remain in the body and help it to recognize and eliminate antigens if they appear
In the article “How Boys Become Men’, Jon Katz analyzes several peculiarities of male behavior, particularly, the propensity to conceal their feelings and weaknesses. In the authors opinion, since their childhood, men are inclined to abide by certain principles or codes of honor, prohibiting them to express their emotions (Katz, 1). He argues that the fear of looking vulnerable or fragile adversely affects a boys personality because it can make him callous or even cruel. In addition, it will be difficult for such a person to cope with his problems because other people may not know how to help him. Although the article is not scholarly and is mostly based on personal experience, we can say that the authors arguments are grounded and supported by many examples. Jon Katz also shows that this “code of conduct” may even contradict the instinct of self-preservation. He argues that men (or even boys) would rather suffer pain than show any sign of fear, which, in their view, is shameful and disreputable. Naturally, we cannot say with certainty whether such a behavioral pattern is cross-cultural; more likely, it depends not only on the cultural background but also on his education, worldview, and family. As regards the stylistic peculiarities of this article, it is worth mentioning that the author employs many colloquial and rather derogatory words, for instance, “sissy, nerd, goody-goody, or rat” he intends to describe the way, in which boys (and subsequently men) stigmatize any manifestation of weakness, vulnerability, and empathy. Jon Katz does not explicitly state it but it can be deduced from his argument that boys are afraid of any behavior, which may seem to them feminine. Anything that appears effeminate (even compassion) is unacceptable according to their tacit rules that can be very cruel sometimes. The author says that there is a very curious paradox, men need affection, warmth, empathy, and love, which is a natural desire of every human being, however, they dare not ask for it (Jon Katz, 2). The main problem is that they attach primary importance to being strong while despising feminine. Similar views have already been expressed by many representatives of the feminist movement, especially Elaine Showalter. In this article, Jon Katz describes the whole cruelty of such behavior. Every boy who ventures to violate the so-called “code of conduct” is immediately punished. Such punishment can have several forms: boycotting, or humilia
Key Points   * Medical research has advanced on the basis of studies that were performed without following the basic standards of ethical treatment of human beings;   * Informed consent is the key ethical issue that is raised in all three examples of medical research and experimentation;   * Racial prejudices and biases of the twentieth century also influenced the shaping of research in multiple areas, including genetics and immunology;   * Both Tuskegee and Nazi Germany experiments were cruel and maleficent in nature because the subjects were treated inhumanely;   * Research ethics warrants continuous reevaluation of principles and standards to ensure that study subjects are treated appropriately. The current paper is focused on exploring the ethics of medical research with the help of examples from The Tuskegee Experiment, the Medical Experiments of Nazi Germany, and the case of Henrietta Lacks. The Tuskegee Experiment   * Carried out between 1932 and 1972 on 600 Black men from Macon County, Alabama;   * Conducted under the auspices of the US Public Health Services and managed from Washington (Ogungbure, 2011);   * 400 participants were infected by syphilis while 200 were a control group;   * Aimed to discover whether the Black population reacts to the disease differently as well as how long a person can live untreated;   * Most men used in the study were uneducated and were vulnerable in terms of being subjected to various experiments. The Tuskegee Experiment was a syphilis study, the researchers in which used African-American subjects on which the hypotheses were tested. The standards of ethical research and health care were not upheld during the clinical and observational trials. Tuskegee Experiment: Ethical Violations   * The following range of ethical issues was apparent from the study: informed consent, racism, biased selection of subjects, maleficence, and truth-telling (Ogungbure,
Introduction Greenway’s hotels are budget hotels that provide comfortable accommodations for customers. They are situated in downtown locations that allow them to be more accessible to potential clients. There are more than sixty branches of the company in the United Kingdom. The company plans to own 300 hotels across Europe, but the management needs to decide what cultural differences should be taken into account and how such differences will correspond with its HR practices. The change in the marketing framework and customer communication principles must not be viewed as an attempt to sneak the Greenhouse Hotel’s services into the target market under the guise of something different and appealing to the target customers. Instead, it should be considered an opportunity to make the environment of the British hospitality industry and, particularly, the opportunities provided by the company in question available to the representatives of other cultures. Making their experience as pleasant and memorable as possible is, therefore, the priority of the organization that must guide the further decision-making process. At the same time, it is important to bear in mind that the needs of all stakeholders, including staff members, need to be taken into account. Thus, it will be crucial to maintain a high motivation rate high among the personnel. Furthermore, it is crucial that the company should focus on promoting the principles of multiculturalism as the primary principle of communicating with customers. Although focusing on the specifics of German culture is essential to the overall progress in the target market, it is important to bear in mind that the German population consists of a range of people representing other cultures. Therefore, the needs of all stakeholders must be met individually. Approach to Resourcing Management Teams In order to resource management teams successfully, Greenway Hotels may consider taking the steps that will increase staff satisfaction rates. For instance, the provision of training courses that will update the employees’ skills and knowledge, therefore increasing their competency levels, should be viewed as a possibility. Furthermore, as the company plans to use its staff from the UK to manage the business in Germany, where they plan to open new hotels, it is necessary for the company to understand the cultural differences between these countries. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory is useful for evaluating the differences between Germany and the UK; the theory includes such dimensions as uncertainty avoidance index, long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation, individualism vs. collectivism, and others (Hofstede, 2011). Thus, citizens of the UK are prone to emphasize the achievement of the individual, while citizens of Germany put an emphasis on group achievements. Moreover, Germans also tend to prefer the deductive approach to the inductive one, both in thinking and planning. As to indulgence, UK citizens like to enjoy life and have a concentrated balance of work and entertainment in their life. German citizens, however, often tend to experience stress during work; t
Introduction One of the earliest ontological arguments, in defense of the de facto existence of God, is that of Anselm of Canterbury (St. Anselm). As of today, it is being often referred to as such that contributed rather substantially towards the theological legitimization of Christianity during the Dark Ages. Nevertheless, even though St. Anselm’s argument does make a certain logical sense, it is far from being considered as such that represents an undisputed truth-value. In this paper, I will aim to explain why it happened to be the case. Main body Discursively speaking, the mentioned argument in defense of the existence of God, can be best defined as being thoroughly deductive. Its sub-sequential phases are as follows:  1. It is thoroughly plausible to presuppose that, being the cause of all effects, God is something of which nothing can be greater.  2. Given the fact that the above-idea is thoroughly comprehensible, it will be logical to assume that God does exist in people’s minds as a ‘thing in itself’.  3. It will also be fully appropriate to assume that something that exists in people’s minds, on one hand, and as the part of the surrounding reality, on the other, is necessarily greater (superior) to what exists merely as an abstract idea.  4. If God existed merely in people’s minds, they would be able to conceive (mentally) the entity much greater than what the concept of an omnipresent deity stands for.  5. It is utterly impossible for just about anyone to imagine such an entity, which in turn implies that God does not only exist as an abstract idea but also as the surrounding reality’s integral part (Malcolm 43). Nevertheless, there are indeed a number of reasons to think of St. Anselm’s line of argumentation, in this respect, as being conceptually fallacious. Probably the first person, who realized that this is indeed being the case, was the theologian’s contemporary Gaunilo. According to him, while using St. Anselm’s logic, it is thoroughly possible to prove the factual existence of the heavenly island (much more beautiful than the most ‘paradisiacal’ island that people have ever seen with their eyes). The reason for this is that the idea of such an island does exist is well conceivable – quite contrary to the fact that there is not even a single objective proof that the concerned place is there to be found in reality. After all: “Since a perfect island that exists in the understanding and in reality is a greater island than one that exists in the understanding alone, a perfect island must exist” (“Module 3 Lecture Notes” 1). Gaunilo’s objection, however, does not appear thoroughly sound, either. The reason for this is that it is based on the axiomatic (non-provable) assumption that whatever exists objectively is necessarily ‘greater’ to what exists as merely an abstract idea. For whatever reason, both: St. Anselm and Gaunilo were tempted to think of the notions of ‘existence’ and ‘perfection’, as such that organically derive out of each other. Yet, there can be no good rationale to consider the mentioned line of thinking even partially sound – something that can be easily shown, in regards t