ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In today’s world marketing is a crucial issue. Marketing is related to the activities which are very much essential to conduct the overall business. Marketing is making by defeating a company through satisfying many. Most people think of marketing only as selling and advertising. But today marketing must be understood not in the old sense of making safe ‘telling and selling’ but in the new sense of satisfying customer needs. (Zatakia, 2007). If the marketer understands consumer needs develops products and services that provide superior customer value and prices, distributes and promotes them effectively these products will sell easily (Kotler, n.d., p.5). So the presses by which companies create value for customers build story customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return is called marketing. Broadly defined ‘‘marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and organizations obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging value with others.’’ (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). Business is increasingly challenged to consider ethics when it makes a decision. Ethics is the answer to the question of what is “right and wrong, fairness, justice, truthfulness, and similar ideas dealing with morality and rightness” (Schnarrer, 2004, p.11). Individuals who live in those societies learn from childhood what is considering ethical and unethical. Religious institutions, parents, teachers, and others instill a sense of fairness and justice and general ethical behavior. As a result, man’s powers develop a strong sense of ethics which then acts as one’s conscience when faced with questions of right and wrong. In addition to individual conscience, societies spell out their ethics in laws, customs, and religious beliefs (Schnarrer, 2004, p.10). ”When questions arise there community standards are then used to sort out right from wrong and to define what is ethical or unethical. Ethical problems in business arise when business practice deviates from the society’s notions of what is right and moral” (Schnarrer, 2004, p.10 & Davis and Fredrick, 2004). When business interacts so often and so closely with the society a shared community of interest develops between a company and its surrounding social groups, when this occurs corporate stakeholders are created. Corporate stakeholders are all the groups affected by the corporation’s decisions and policies and simultaneously stakeholders will be treated as positive when the interaction among factors will be fair, ethical, and logical. Marketing ethics is the field of applied ethics that dealt with the morality or principles of marketing practices. Here ethics is related to advertising ethics and promotion ethics. Ethical Marketing refers to ethics-oriented marketing. That means Ethical marketing is that sort of marketing which does not violate the ongoing rules and regulations of a country, does not hamper the society, never attack the environment and think about right, wr
Introduction In today’s aggressive and competitive business environment, cooperation and collaboration within the internal and external business environment is crucial to the success of a business. As such, the need to have collaborative leaders is of utmost importance towards the success of an organization. With this in mind, this paper shall summarize an article that focuses on collaborative leadership. This shall be done by analyzing and highlighting the general ideas of the article, the learning concepts propagated by the authors and the relevance of the article. General ideas of the article In their article “Are you a Collaborative Leader: How CEOs keep their teams connected”, Herminia Ibarra and Morten T. Hansen state that the current business environment is characterized by hyper connectivity as a result of increased and improved social media, globalization and demand for leaders who have the ability to forge, maintain and improve internal and external alliances/connections. As such, the authors’ main ideas advocate for collaborative leaders who make global connections that can help them spot and seize opportunities. The authors suggest that more opportunities can be availed through global connections as compared to those acquired through internal connections. Similarly, the authors state that collaborative leaders should be able to engage diverse talents regardless of their origin in order to encourage innovation and produce positive results. Embracing diversity gives an organization a competitive edge against its rivals because it enables workers to exchange ideas and perspectives regarding business operations. According to the authors, engaging diverse talents from everywhere is more effective than relying on homogenous teams in the generation and development of new ideas. On the same note, the authors advocate for a system of collaboration at the top that focuses on modeling logical and attainable expectations rather than collaborative measures that serve political and parochial agendas. In order to attain positive and productive results, leaders should engage top management in discussions or strategies that help the organization meet the set goals and missions rather than ideologies that are selfish, or serve the interests of a few individuals. Finally, the authors state that collaborative leadership entails agility, focus and strong principles when it comes to decision making. They assert that these qualities facilitate speedy decision making and conflict resolution processes as compared to leadership styles that allow teams to waste time and resources debating conflicting ideas in a bid to reach a consensus. Learning concepts derived from the article From t
Using the right analysis tool will compensate for inexperienced managers I disagree with the statement that usage of right tools do compensate for inexperienced managers. The assumption that success in project management is fully dependent on the usage of appropriate software rather than individual’s qualities, skills and experience is incorrect. Laying emphasis on desk based developed software, algorithms and software engineering is a futile exercise in the absence of cumulative qualities and skills of a manager (Rose, Pederson and Hosbond, 2007). Analysis tools and operation management Technological advancement is primarily focused on enhancement of faster and accurate managerial operations. Software and machines cannot operate independently. Human intervention is required. For example, consider a tractor cultivator, even if it is the latest model, without an experienced driver it would be of no use to the farmer. This applies to usage of right analysis tools in business management. Tools and techniques are not solutions in themselves. Mastering the techniques is also not enough. Financial and economic analysis is both an analytical and a judgemental process that gives solutions to subjects that have been developed in managerial context. Management is the art of developing significant analytical problems and is targeted towards finding appropriate solutions to the problems. The process is only successful when the manager focuses on ways of structuring the problems and using the analysis tools only as a secondary manipulation step (Helfert, 2001). Therefore, analysis tools are only partially helpful in certain routine operations, but when it comes to financial and economic analysis, an experienced and strategic leader will be required. It is also crucial to maintain balanced relationship between managerial competences with the right analysis tools (McGovern, 1996). Analysis tools in finance and accounting Variety of analysis tools used in finance and accounting has been developed. The tools should be chosen in accordance to the organization requirement. They range from simple Ms Office tools to complex Mapping and integration tools. Other software programmes can process bills, calculate income tax returns and many other processes such as data storage and investment (Bangemann, 2005). However, software programmes that facilitate planning have been poorly explored and have not gained much popularity (Jackson, 1996). Analysis tools are only an extension of managerial practice not a replacement for inexperienced managers. An experienced manager is capable of interpreting and analyzi
What is love? There are diverse answers to this questions basing on the different perceptions of men and women. This is mainly because of the differences regarding what is important to women when compared to what is important to women. It is basing on this approach that women have a different perspective of what love entails when contrasted with the men’s perception of what love actually is to them. In addition, the differences regarding of what constitutes love can be attributed to the variation of a man’s versus a woman’s needs. For instance, men lay more emphasis on sexual fulfillment companionship that is based on recreation, a spouse that is attractive, admiration and support at the domestic level. This is in contrast with the needs of a woman, which mainly involves affection, conversation, and honesty, financial and family commitment. Basing this, what is it that constitutes the love of a woman and the how is the love is reflected by the woman to a man? In its broadest sense, love entails having a personal attachment towards another individual. In this context, we perceive love as an emotional attachment that a woman directs at a man and vice versa. It is a fact that every individual being is has an element of emotion towards another person; love plays an important role in developing compassion for another being. The universal elements of love include intimacy, passion, and commitment. Intimacy involves developing a strong interpersonal relationship with another person. Passion entails a sexual attraction and is susceptible to reduce as time goes by. Commitment bases on devotion and its development is gradual. In attempt to love another person, it takes more than just compassion, and entails both action and feelings, in order to create blissful environment. This is why when love ends, comes immense emotional pain characterized by elements such as hate and greed. This mostly affects a woman, and it is a sign of how a woman reflects the love she has to a man, such that the pain cannot be endured when love ends. It raises a question of whether love must be painful for it to be considered true love. What then constitutes true love in the context of how women show their love? From the women’s perspective, love can be equated to a rose, meaning that it has to be constantly watered, lest it withers and dies off. Women need love that is constantly redefined in order to avoid the passion dying off in the course of time. This is usually a test task, which men find it difficult to maintain. The love that a woman shows to a man is not easy, as people perceive it. The love from a woman entails more than just feelings. This means that a woman’s love incorporates actions that are directed from the heartily feelings. It is the heart that loves and the body and mind complies with the orders from the heart, just as the king orders his servants and expects them to behave in a certain way. This means that the true love from a woma
Karl Marx was born in the town of Trier, Germany in the year 1818. Initially he joined the University of Bonn as a law student. Later he joined the University of Berlin. He is considered to be amongst the individual who had great influence on social thinking during the 19 th century. He was considered to play diverse role by contributing to various aspects. This is due to that apart from being a philosopher; he was also characterized by being a historian and a social scientist. His works resulted in a great revolution within the society. Despite all his efforts, his contributions had been ignored during his lifetime by most the scholars. Only in the recent past did his ideas regarding social and political aspects considered important (‘The History Guide’). One of his contributions with regard to issues in the society was with regard to the theory of alienation. For a long time, there has been a perception that human life is being affected by forces that are impersonal in nature. This made most the people have a perception that the occurrence of these forces is natural in nature and human beings are independent of their occurrence. In the modern world there are numerous changes that have occurred which are affecting human life. These changes are putting human existence under a pressure making him be helpless despite them being a created by the human being. This means that the effort of man in terms of labor has turned to be a threat. The world today is characterized by increased rate of global warming, insecurity and food shortage despite the fact that man has the power to control the world (Cox para.1). Through his theory of alienation, Karl Marx sought to illustrate that all the external forces that are experienced within the society are a result of past human activities. Through his alienation theory, Karl Marx was able to illustrate that there is a strong relationship between the past and the modern in that history determines the future (‘The History Guide’). Karl Marx’s understanding of alienation was multidimensional. This is due to the fact that despite society having an effect on human life, human beings too have the capacity to change the society in which they live consciously. Despite this ability, the capitalistic nature of the society limits this capacity. For instance the type of labor that exists in the society is forced or rather coerced. He also understood that alienation is deeply related to the material world. To him alienation meant that human beings had lost control precisely with regard to labor. For instance; Marx illustrates how an individual is alienated from the work of his own labor particularly in a capitalist society. This is due to the fact that the creative work of an individual is enjoyed by another. For instance in the case of the farmers, their produce is consumed by other individuals while they are left to be malnourished. According to Karl Marx, alienation with regard to the product of labor is evident from the fact that the workers are separated from the products of their own labor. On the other hand, alienation is ev
Kahiu’s Rafiki movie is a salvo regarding an ongoing cultural conflict in Kenya over the rights of the LGBTQ community. It seems difficult to judge or describe the main intentions of the movie in general. The cultural norm of homosexuality is illegal in Kenya, as those found culpable are incarcerated for fourteen years. This explains why the film was banned on its debut. As a cultural and romantic drama, the movie turns out to be conservative in portraying society’s pressure. This discussion post highlights the five faces of oppression portrayed in the film. First, Kahiu is keen on demonstrating how various age cohorts are exploited in society. Kena and Ziki, who are the main characters, face oppression through exploitation. Their families do not understand how the young generation interacts. For instance, their parents play political and business roles to the extent of affecting the personal lives of their daughters. Second, these two characters are facing marginalization as a result of their sexual orientation. A prime example of this type of oppression is when Kena is rarely seen going out with their fellow young women due to her homosexual tendencies. Powerlessness is another significant theme delineated in Rafiki . Kena and Ziki, for example, are restricted from being seen together in public. Moreover, these two teenagers, who represent people of a unique sexual orientation, face cultural imperialism. The reason is that they live in a society that prevents them from expressing the contemporary notions of sexuality (Kahiu, 2018). Finally, the two protagonists live under perpetual threat and, in some instances, are oppressed through violence. When the two lovers are caught together in their secret love spot, they are assaulted by the angry villagers. Rafiki is, indeed, a riveting melodrama in which the main characters, Rena and Ziki, try to debunk different stereotypes regarding homosexuality. Kahiu has successively unveiled the consequences of defying the heteronormative society, especially in a developing country. As portrayed in this movie, the society people live in often criminalizes norms that are perceived as unconventional and unfavorable. To conclude, the LGBTQ community should be allowed to freely express their sexuality. Reference Kahiu, W. (2018). Rafiki [Film]. Big World Cinema.
Introduction To understand the relevant use of inquiry based learning strategies while the real classroom lesson, the main idea of the theory should be considered. According to Alvarado and Herr (2003), inquiry based learning strategy is a process “initiated by either teacher or students, in which students investigate central, essential questions while their teacher guides them through this process” (p. xiv). The main idea of the lessons under discussion is to help students understand what types of energy exist and according to which ways this energy can be produced, used, stored, or transported. The importance of inquiry based learning strategies Dwelling upon inquiry based learning strategies, it should be mentioned that it cannot be used during any lesson. One should clearly understand the purpose of the lesson and consider whether the inquiry based learning is appropriate there or not. Collaborative inquiry learning is extremely important as it helps students understand that science is not just memorizing of formulae and writing lengthy numbers in the results of the experiments, but it is also an interesting world of research, applying knowledge into practice, following the process of the exploration and obtaining expected and unexpected results. Considering one of the main purposes of the education in the USA, it is aimed at putting “strong emphasis on activities that investigate and analyse science questions” (Bell, Urhahne, Schanze, & Ploetzner, 2010, p. 350). The activities under discussion are aimed at conducting research, observing specific natural phenomena and making students interested in the research via the life and activities they are able to involve. Stages for the inquiry based learning process To provide a thorough and detailed feedback about the inquiry based learning strategies used in the activities under discussion, the lesson topics and steps should be analysed in detail. The best scheme for implementing inquiry based learning process in classroom is as follows, (1) statement of a focus question, (2) generating hypotheses, (3) experimentation steps, (4) reporting results (MaST Community Charter School, 2010). These steps are basic and should be clearly identified while designing inquiry based learning. The next step of this discussion should be referred strictly to the discussion of the classroom activities devoted to Energy and planned by Amna and Emma as the sequence used with a stage three, year six class. Stages for the inquiry based learning process used in the lesson plan The first lesson is based on pulse rates. Students are encouraged to make predictions about the dependence of their pulse rate from their condition, test their pulse rates in different conditions, record the results in the science journal and draw conclusions.
Gene therapy conducted through human gene transfer is an experimental techniqe applied for curing some genetic and inherited illnesses. The technics yet provided no clear and reliable results since the first clinical experiment was held in 1990 (Sheridan 122), but still it is widely applied on the experimental basics (Richards 2). There are many debates on the question of gene transfer from the ethical point of view. In this paper, the principles of Plato’s justice will be applied to discuss human gene transfer. Gene therapy is a process of transferring of genetic material that is DNA or RNA into individual’s body. The technique: “is being studied to see whether it could treat certain health problems by either compensating for defective genes, prompting the body to make a potentially therapeutic substance, or triggering the immune system to fight disease” (“National Institutions of Health” par. 1). Gene therapy also known as human gene transfer is applied for treatment of such diseases as myeloma, leukemia, hemophilia, Parkinson disease and some other diseases of genetic or inherited nature. The major principle of the approach is inserting a virus with a modified gene into a patient’s body in hope that the virus while in-building its genome into patient’s cells will provide a cell with a capability to produce normal proteins or the proteins that will provide a cure for the targeted disease. Thus, the technique is majorly experimental, not providing clear results many debates are raised on this question. Some speculate that human genetic transfer can be applied as a gene doping for athletes (Kayser, Mauron, and Miah 2). There are also many questions raised by the perspective of gene modification conducted to a fetus or a child on parent’s request in attempts to provide with some features that are unlikely to be inherited in a natural way. Some claims of the ethical basis are that a child has a right to be born as it is without any additional improvements (Powell 57). Human genetic transfer theoretically can be applied into a healthy adult individual for improving such functions as memory, metabolism, mental and physical capabilities. These debates highly correlate with Plato’s views on philosophy of justice. Plato’s understanding of justice was that “Justice is not the right of the stronger but the effective harmony of the whole” (Bhandari par.18), meaning that everything should be in its natural places; performing the function assigned by the Universe or the general order (Plato’s State) will collapse. Another definition of justice lies within specialization, meaning that everyone should perform their own duties, not the duties of another person. In case of genetic therapy, this statement can be applied dually. On one hand, if not treated from a fatal disease the organism will die or will function improperly thus the inner harmony will be ruined and injustice will take place. Therefore, treatment will be justified. On other hand, if applied to the healthy organism, the genetic therapy will provide it with the capabilities, not provided by nature, thus shifting its specialization to the sphere not ass