ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Traditionally, management involved planning to have tasks accomplished. It also involved organizing the company to promote effectiveness and efficiency, motivating the employees and controlling to ensure that the organizational goals are met. This has been the standard management procedure that has been used by most corporate organizations. However, the 21 st century has introduced a new work place in which every individual in the organization participates in the management process. Today’s society is constantly changing its demands and opportunities, thus there is no standard procedure for approaching business. Managers have shifted from the management position to become leaders who influence teams to complete the tasks ahead. The definition of the term management is diverse, and depends on each organization’s practice. Introduction Management is a difficult term to define because the world has become very dynamic. Leaders require continuous transformation and innovation to keep up with the changing demands. It does not have a standard definition since different organizations apply different practices to achieve organizational performance. While in the past management was more concerned on the conversion of input into output at a low cost, today emphasis have also been put on ensuring that consumer needs are met (Dyck & Neubert, 2010). This paper will discuss on the various dimensions in the definition in management. Management Today Organizations are no longer structured and managers often find themselves attending to non managerial jobs where no one reports to them. This is due to the continuously changing nature of work and organizational demands. For a manager to have things done through people, he/she has to work amongst the teams so as to influence them. In such a scenario every individual works towards the defined goal including the manager. Today’s manager not only employs managerial skills in work but also gives a human touch to the tasks by involving employees. Working alongside the employees enhances flexibility and promotes teamwork. Fredrick W. Taylor introduced scientific management in which there is one best way for accomplishing each task. This is applicable today. However, in today’s management there is room for employees to apply innovative changes that improve their performance. Max Weber argued that bureaucracy makes everyone accountable for the activities that happen in the organization, toda
Nowadays, the value of an appropriate leadership for the various communities is crucial, as this is basis for successful development of society and culture. When encountering the race and social problems, it is always difficult find an ultimate solution and to enhance the cooperation between community groups. In this respect, the art of ministry lies in a successful application of the leadership law while handling the church community. In his book, Samuel Freedman evaluates the difficult situation at St Paul Community Baptist Church and the lives of its pastors in the slums of East Brooklyn. The author also pays a significant attention to the positive changes that the church underwent due to advent of a new church leader, Johnny Ray Youngblood who proved the important of love and respect because “he owned, he loved it” (Freedman 50). Youngblood strong believe was only with the help of love and cooperation, a person could help the community. The importance of a well-organized structure is very important, particularly in the field ministry for people and preachers to feel support. Referring to St Paul’s black church is the bright example of what consequence could be in handling the community without a diligent leader. It reveals the adversities and challenges existed in the black society. The city problems were revealed in the social and cultural characteristics. As the most part of children were born to single woman belonging to a poor black working class, the main function of the ministry, thus, is to call for people suffering from poverty to unite their efforts in overcoming the problems. In is obvious, then, that the church intervention into the black society contributes to improvement of the situation in the city and a better organization of the church where Youngblood philosophy was of great value. St Paul’s church leader, Ray Youngblood experienced the same difficulties in his life. Being a small boy, he was separated from his father who was under the pressure of white people. The father and boy could not meet halfway for a long time and therefore they could not to establish normal relations. This fact greatly influenced the relations of Youngblood and his son, who he fathered log after his birth, as he could not acknowledge him. Over the years, the church leader tried to smooth the relations with his father as well as with his son. The minister realized then that he should overcome his pride and grief in order to resume family values and to become a good example for the church members to follow. In addition, Youngblood was aware of the daily life of humble people and especially children raised in single families. When becoming a pastor, he want to fill this gap thus establishing the patriarchal relationships in
Collection Assessment Paper The Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL) is a terror group whose power has been increasing over the recent past due to its unique ability to take advantage of social media to sell its propaganda and use emerging technologies to organize and execute attacks. The recent terror events in France, the United States, and Egypt show that this group is posing a serious threat not only to the people of the Middle East but also to the entire global population. Various literal and non-literal collection papers have been submitted outlining how the United States can deal with this problem. In this paper, the focus will be to assess these collection papers with the view of determining the measure of performance and effectiveness of the scenario they present on how to deal with this global terror threat. Measures of Performance for the Scenario The threat that ISIL poses to the international community is real and should be dealt with in the best way possible, and various scholars and experts have submitted various proposals on how this problem can be addressed. It is important to note that the proposed str
Stephen King’s horror short story The Man in the Black Suit and Edgar Allan Poe’s poem The Raven are prime examples of classic mystical literature. The mystical genre is notable for its complexity in writing since it is necessary to both intrigue the audience and convey the main idea using anxiety and fear. A gloomy environment and unsettling tone are used to strengthen the effect on the reader. With the help of this, the authors manage to hook the audience and make them reflect on what they have read on several occasions. The aim of this paper is to analyze these two works in the context of their theme, symbols, titles, and how alike or dissimilar are the two pieces. The theme of both pieces has common principles: both characters have lost a close person in the past. In Stephen King’s story, the boy lost his brother, and in The Raven poem, the main character yearns for his deceased beloved woman. Borges stated that “Edgar Poe starts by alleging that phonetic motives indicated to him the use of the melancholic refrain nevermore (Nunca más)” (140). Indeed, the repetition of this word adds a depressing effect not only to the character but also to the reader, emphasizing the despair of the situation. Stephen King also used a theme of a loss of a close person, as well as the manipulation of the Devil with a child’s experiences and fears. In particular, the tall men who appeared near the boy said to Gary that: “Your mother is dead” (King 10). Thus, the Devil affected the boy’s sacramental thing, namely the parents. In both works, one may notice bright symbols that are connected to the overall themes of the stories. Moreover, there is one common symbol for the two pieces: the symbol of death. In The Raven, this symbol is characterized by a second main character, namely the raven. Thereby, one can often notice ravens in the cemetery, usually, their croaking is used to incite anxiety and mystery. Wood claims, that “Stephen King’s writing is securely rooted in the great American tradition that glorifies spirit-of-place and the abiding power of narrative” (20). Thus, the spirit-of-place concept formulates the author’s realistic style, namely transferring the atmosphere of the place and the situation through the bright description. In The Man in the Black Suit, a foul odor, namely the smelling of sulfur, is the symbol of death, as an epitome of combustion or cadaverous smell. Using the reader’s senses, forcing one to imagine the smell of sulfur unconsciously, Stephen King masterfully places the audience in the atmosphere. Titles also represent a similar principle in works, namely, a direct indication of the object of attention in the text. Moreover, the appearance of these two objects (the Man in the Suit and the Raven) is unexpected and frightening for the characters. Using The Man in a Black Suit title, and not, for example, the Devil in a Black Suit or the Beast, King emphasizes one of the themes of the work: namely, the incarnation of the Devil in a man. In Edgar Poe’s poem, t
Procrastination is the habit of postponing doing things that needs to be done. It can also be defined as the act of avoiding doing certain things that ought to be done. This is a problem affecting most of my classmates especially when it comes to assignments. I have observed that most students tend to avoid doing assignments until the last minute and some are not even able to meet the deadline. It is normal to procrastinate (and most people do it) but excessive procrastination often leads to problems. People are left with guilt feelings when they are not able to accomplish a task at the right time. This is not a problem that is only affecting learning institutions; it also affects employees in the work place. It is like an addiction and once you develop it, it becomes very hard to leave. In this paper I will address the problem of excessive procrastination, look at the reasons why students procrastinate and give recommendations. In doing this, I will use books and the internet to gather information about the problem that will help me in making recommendations on solving the problem. I have reviewed different perspectives from different scholars and found that, excessive procrastination causes anxiety because the tasks being avoided must be done. It also results in poor performance because the assignments are done in a hurry when the student does not have ample time to research on the topic. If this problem is not addressed, it can interfere with individual’s school performance as well as their personal success. Burka & Lenora (1983) observed that, one reason why students procrastinate is perfectionism. This is a situation where a student feels that, his/her standard of performance for a particular task is too high that it seems impossible to accomplish it. Other students fear to fail and lack confidence in accomplishing some tasks. They lack self confidence and believe that, they cannot be able to complete a given task successfully. I have seen some students who get confused either before starting a task or along the way. They are not sure of what is required and how to go about it. Some tasks are generally difficult for a given group of students and no matter how hard a student works to complete it, he lack the skills needed. Majority of the students in my class la
Introduction Intellectual property rights are generally regarded as the indicator of the democratic society and protected creation, for writers, inventors, playwrights, and other creators felt protected from stealing their ideas, plots, characters, etc. On the other hand, intellectual property law is the double end stick, which stronger companies and intellectual property owners may use against beginners if there is any tiny suspicion for stealing an idea. It should be emphasized that the necessity to protect the intellectual property fully depends on the aims and requirements of the intellectual property owner, and the entire policy of the company on the matters of IP protection. The paper aims to analyze the case of Harry Potter vs. Hari Puttar from the perspective of IP protection. Thus, IP cases and legal reviews will be regarded for defining the righteousness of the legal suit of the WB company against the creators of Hari Puttar. Considering the main values of IP protection, the key concepts of the case should be regarded and analyzed. Because the sues against other authors by Warner Bros. and J.K. Rowling against other writers, accused in the similarity of the names and trademarks are the common thing for the recent several years, these cases will be regarded as examples of Intellectual Property protection and defense. The fact is that the necessity to protect the copyrights originates from the necessity to protect the ideas and creations from plagiarizing, nevertheless, the contemporary cases of IP protection are closely associated with the economic defense of the lot incomes or used as the reasons for scandals, to attract additional attention for the case. Thus, the paper will be also focused on the main issues and aims of the suing: whether it was an attempt to protect the copyrights and the ownership of the name of Harry Potter, or an attempt to share the incomes of the Mirchi Movies studio. Case: Harry Potter vs. Hari Puttar First, there is a strong necessity to analyze the concept and the plot of both movies, and emphasize the personalities of both characters. Originally, the only similarity between the two characters is the age and similarity of names. Nevertheless, the plots of the stories are different, as Hari Puttar is closer to Home Alone by the plot. The fact is that Hari is the spread Hindi name in Bollywood movies, and Puttar is translated like “son”, consequently, this name has the full right for existence. In the light of the fact, that intellectual property commission and court defined that Mirchi Movies – the company, which issued the movie, has the copyright for Hari similarly like Warner Bros. has the rights for Harry. It was stated that the proper spelling of the name is essentially different from the name of Harry Potter, moreove
In rapidly changing and technology-oriented times, the narrative essay comes forth as an ideal instrument for teachers to invite students to an active and indulging learning experience. In modern times, an increasing level of importance is being given to the education system, and while there is a lot of talk about the channelling of funds towards the development of the education system, there seems to be an absence of concentration on more basic and fundamental levels. Take homework, for instance. Give me a school that does not give homework, and I will give you your child’s dream. Children are beginning to hate doing homework. They would rather play on their amazingly new and shiny gaming consoles or say things to their classmates that they could otherwise easily say yesterday. It is imperative to redevelop the approach through which teachers provide choices to make students learn. The narrative essay comes forth as an extremely vital instrument in this regard.   * The narrative essay allows students to express their opinions in their own individual writing styles.   * The narrative essay allows students to explore their perceptions as they write about them.   * Analyzing narrative essays allows the teacher to acquire a clearer understanding of the general understanding that the students have of a subject.   * It seeks to introduce students to the idea of learning from their mistakes and from their observations.   * Writing about events and incidents in narrative essays allows students to experience a need to increase their vocabulary and to seek out better ways to express their emotions.   * It allows students to think back on their decisions and re-evaluate them. The narrative essay is a highly effective teaching instrument since it requires hardly any effort on the part of the student and invites the student to explore the subject of the narrative essay. It can be used by telling students to write a narrative essay paragraph in their regular essays in cases where the essay cannot be written in a narrative essay form altogether.
According to Kerzner and Saladis (2013), effective project management seeks to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of operations carried out by business organizations. The strategy achieves this through the ‘arrangement’ of tasks. Activities are arranged such that processes flow in all directions throughout the enterprise. Executives play a very critical role in project management in a given organization. In most cases, the leading team cannot be alienated from project administration. One of the major reasons behind this realization is the fact that these stakeholders act as the sponsors of the venture (Kerzner, 2013). However, this is not always the case. In the current paper, the author will analyze instances where executives impede the implementation of a given project. The author will assess some of the reasons why Levon managers ignored the suggestions made by their employees. The leaders opted for the opinion of consultants. Project Management at Levon There are situations where executives fail to listen to employees with regards to project management. Such a scenario is evident in the case of Levon Corporation, which is illustrated in the book by Kerzner and Saladis (2013). According to Kerzner and Saladis (2013), the senior managers may be opposed to any form of change in the organization. Consequently, they prefer to retain the status quo. They work on the assumption that the corporation will eventually overcome the poor performance recorded in the returns. The activities of the executives may be limited by trade-offs that they are not willing to be associated with. Such eventualities include, among others, risks, time constraints, poor performance, and increased operational costs (Kerzner, 2013). However, the management team can access expert opinion and facts by using the services of a consultant. As a result, they will be able to determine the level of trade-offs they are willing and able to get involved with. According to Lock (2007), executives are required to delegate sufficient authority to project managers. Such powers include those to do with decision making. Due to fear of losing or diminishing their authority, the senior managers may resist project management, even after accessing the findings and recommendations made by the consultant. There are several strategies that can be used by a consultant to earn the support of the executive team at Levon Corporation. Adoption of the proposed project management practices will provide the company with a number of opportunities. Such opportunities include improved efficiencies and increased returns on investment. The executives should be made aware of these possibilities (Kerzner, 2013). The consultant can also develop an organizational structure that reflects the proposed project management p
Picasso’s Primitivism Picasso’s primitivism was existing in several stages such as young Picasso’s drawings, which are represented by the influence of Gauguin and Iberian traditions, culture, and sculptures, Africanism (Blue and Rose periods), Cubism, and Analytic Cubism, which involved a high level of complexity and philosophical sense in the portrayal of the objects and figures. Nevertheless, the first stage, which is mentioned above, does not count as the primary one since it covers the beginning of Picasso’s style of the artist and his ability to express his ideas and feelings by emphatically referring to Iberian culture and being inspired by Gauguin paintings and ability to use the color pallet. As for the knowledge of African/Oceanic traditions and geographical location of these ethnicities, Picasso and his friends lacked the clear understanding of the African culture, often referred to it as Egyptian tradition and basics of human portrayal, and understood it as being magical, exotics, fetishistic, alien, and foreign. Nonetheless, Picasso had a tendency to deny the influence of the African culture in his paintings, and It could be said that the primary reason for the denial of the African tradition is the fact that Picasso implied that he wanted to underline his interest in the Iberian tradition, and did not wish to show that his works were highly inspired by the foreign culture due to political and patriotic influences. Masks and figures referring to the composition of demoiselles on the Picasso’s works There are several masks and figures, which Rubin cites to refer to the composition of demoiselles on the Picasso’s works, such as mask from Etounbi region (People’s Republic of Congo), mask Dan (Ivory Coast or Liberia), Susu mask (Guinea), figure Teke (People’s Republic of Congo), mask Grebo (Ivory Coast or Liberia), figure Baga (Guinea), figure Tiki (Marquesas Islands), fan handles (Marquesas Islands), mask Fang, head Fang (Gabon or Equatorial Guinea), reliquary figure Fang (Gabon or Equatorial Guinea), and the majority of the figures and masks appeared in France and Belgium in 1890-1900s. As for the establishment of the differences between affinity and influence, in this case, Rubin implies that affinity is not a direct influencer but a combination of various dogmas, traditions, and symbols, which contribute to the portrayal of the already existing object. As for the influencers, it could be said that in this case, Rubin presents various masks and figures to show Picasso’s ability to get inspired by already existing objects by examining them and discovering their features in detail. Expression of emotional state with the help of paintings, drawings and sculptures by Picasso It could be said that Picasso and Basque learned that the portrayal of objects and figures could be more complex, involve sophisticated meaning and higher plasticity, encourage encoding of the meaning and usage of various material, and express the analytical ideas through the simplicity of shape and a combination of dissimilar objects. It is evident that the tribal objects involved si