ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The use of machinery was developed to replace human resource in the industry, however, despite the development; human resource is inevitable because of the various operations that cannot be handled by the machines. Thus human resource is an important aspect of the business organization which should be carefully handled if at all the organization wants to catch up with the global competition (Armstrong, 1999, p.143). The human resource managers are therefore faced with a big challenge of making sure that their employees get the best from the organization so that they can equally perform well. Among the major concerns of the human resource managers is ensuring that their employees do not undergo discrimination in their work place. This paper is therefore an analysis of the current issues related to employment discrimination that the HR mangers ought to be aware of and thereafter a recommendation of the actions to be taken by the HR mangers to avoid discrimination. Current (timely) issues related to employment discrimination that HR managers need to be aware of Employment discrimination entails creation of a distinction between the employees so that some of them are disadvantaged as others become advantaged during the times of recruitment, termination, promotion among other human resource processes. Discrimination in the work place can take many forms such as sex, race, age, physical and mental disability, religion and political differences. It could also take different directions, in that discrimination could either come from the employer or from the other working staff of higher or even lower ranks (Hemphill, and Haines, 1998, p.4). The fact that discrimination can take many forms; it is therefore the obligation of the human resource managers to beware of any possible causes and instances of the discrimination within the work place. Some of the issue that could lead to discrimination and the human resource mangers ought to be informed of include
Introduction White collar crimes are increasingly rampant today and are getting more and more sophisticated each day. These are crimes that are committed by people in respectable occupations in the course of their work. Examples of such crimes are bribery, fraud, forgery, embezzlement, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, computer crime, medical crime, identity theft, counterfeiting, extortion, currency schemes, among others (Green 5). This discussion will look at Bernie Madoff’s Ponzi scheme, whose revelation stunned many investors who had entrusted him with their savings. A Ponzi scheme is a white collar crime in which the perpetrator encourages people to invest in a business and promises high dividends within a short period of time. The perpetrator does not invest the money but pays dividends to the old investors with the new investors’ money. The perpetrator lies to the investors that the dividends are the profits generated from their investment. The scheme ends when there are no longer sufficient funds from the new investors to pay the old ones. The perpetrator may also end the investment and take off with the money when he feels that he has amassed enough funds. Discussion Bernie Madoff is an American white collar fraudster who swindled a lot of money from many investors through his Ponzi scheme. He owned the firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, which turne
The behavior that requires development is improving emotional health. As the term implies, emotional health refers to the overall emotional and psychological well-being. This term is never about the mental problems, but rather about perceiving and managing personal emotions and being free from psychological issues such as depression, anxiety, etc. One of the aspects that promote implementing such change can be seen through the increased attention paid to emotions, not only as a state of mood but also as an indicator of such an aspect as emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence can be defined as a term describing an individual’s abilities, capacities, and skills of perceiving, assessing, and managing the personal emotions, emotions of others and even of groups. (Mayer, et. al, 1999) As emotions influence the way we think and perceive the world, emotional health and accordingly higher emotional intelligence, will allow directing the attention toward the important issues and solving the problem more effectively. In that regard, “maintaining a good system of emotional input will enhance one’s ability to think directly towards the matters that are truly important” (“Emotional Intelligence”, 2006). Additionally, good emotional health might help manage the problems in life, where it cannot be said that being emotionally healthy will protect and prevent from the problems, rather than it will promote recovering from such problems and building resilience. Another factor that outlines the importance of emotional health is its direct connection with physical health, where the body might respond to the way we think, feel and act. In that sense, another goal for this change is being in a healthy condition physically and emotionally. Implementing this change will take various steps that are mainly concerned with personal management of emotions. Nevertheless, there are other steps through which this change can be achieved, which include but are not limited to the following:   * Maintaining balance in life. This step is concerned with focusing on positive things in life and avoiding negative emotions.   * Maintaining healthy life. This step is related to the connection between emotional and physical health, and thus being in good health will accordingly promote emotional health.   * Expressing feelings appropriately. This step is concerned with referring to friends, relatives, and counselors in regards to overwhelming emotions whether negative or positive.   * Engaging in enjoyable activities. This step is concerned with doing aspects that are not related to a particular result, rather than they are enjoyable to do such as playing music, listening to music, reading, drawing, watching a film, etc. The most important factor that might influence the change process is time. It is important to devote a specific time to some of the activities outlined in previous steps. In that regard, the lack of time combined with problems occurring at certain points in life migh
Introduction One of the most profound doctrines in the exploration of moral ethics of actions is the “Doctrine of Double Effect,” which is abbreviated as DDE. DDE was originally developed by Thomas Aquinas. The doctrine focuses on the exploration of the permissibility of actions that are deemed to result in serious effects like the death of a person. This paper explores the defense of the DDE doctrine by Warren Quinn to unearth the rationale that is presented by Quinn. Overview of DDE by Aquinas DDE seeks to explore the level of permissibility in moral actions that result in serious harm, like death. Aquinas focuses on the intentions of an actor as a basis on which the determination of the level of the permissibility of an action that results in serious harm is made. However, the main problem in justifying the permissibility of action is the scale of adherence to the law in action. The implication of this observation as opined by Aquinas is that there has to be a substantial amount of moderation of the harmful course in action even if the action results in serious harm (Malpas para. 1-3). Quinn’s version and rationale for the DDE The latest theses on the DDE, such as the thesis by Quinn, focus on bringing out the distinction between the moral grave of action as a mere side effect of pursuing a morally right action by an agent. The latest assessments are inclined on exploring the scale at which the will and the permission of the harmful effect can be assessed and justified. Quinn argued that the DDE is not dependent on the differentiation between the intended harm and the merely foreseen harm from an action. According to Quinn, the DDE can be easily pegged on the differentiation between direct and indirect agency as far as an actor is concerned. This view implies that cases entailing self-sacrifice and self-defense can be categorized under the direct agency. Therefore, an account of moral significance in actions that entail serious harm is well covered in the moral thesis that is presented by Quinn. Quinn explores the basis on which a moral judgment can be made in the attempt to qualify direct agency and indirect agency in an action that entails severe harm. Quinn presents the issue of weighing between the rights of the victims of action and the agent of the same action. Severe harm that comes from justified punishment or fair competition does not infringe on the rights of the victims. In this situation, severe harm is justified even if it is done intentionally. Therefore, it can be said that Quinn helps to rationalize and complete the views of Aquinas about the
Introduction Information Technology is the way forward for any organization that is trying to stay ahead in the market. This applies to all the departments within a given company. This may range from production, human resource, and even accounts. It gives a platform for organization, efficiency, and easy accessibility. The above advantages and many others will be explained in the later sections of the essay. (Zvi, 1994). Advantages in the Human Resource Department Information technology through the internet facilitates communication between two parties who may be separated by miles and miles. This means that even if the head of the Human resource department is away, he or she can be able to convey information without leaving the confines of their location. People in the department can also be able to access ideas that are not available in the company. This means that the company can become more unified as there will be coordination through these various departments. IT will enable the HR department to save on time because it will be able to focus more of its energy on the generation of ideas rather than input, processing, and storage of data. This will all be done by IT. The advantage of this is that it will help boost the productivity of the department because members of the team will see that they do not have to spend too much of their time manually and yet have very little to show for it. This increases their morale and will therefore increase profits for the company. Before this system will be put in place, individuals think that it will improve their working hours and they would not have to spend most of their time commuting from home to work. On the contrary, people will now spend more of their time working especially where pay is directly related to the input. This is because it will be possible to work at home and employees who have their work with them at home can hardly avoid the temptation to work for long hours. The human resource department looks into the development of new ideas that motivate workers in the whole company. This means that the department must examine the product of the various departments that exist in a company. This means that it is possible to monitor progress within various categories through IT and hence come up with better strategies to boost sales in the Company. (Chris, 2006) The company could also experience some problems in its running especially when private information that is highly sensitive is accessed. This implies that some information or
In terms of impact on business and society, large firms tend to impose much more influence on both economic and social currents. It is due to their greater revenue and net weight that they are more relevant to the public discussion. Medium and small-size companies are also quite important for the economy; however, when compared to the profits of large corporations, they tend to become more or less invisible. Moreover, large companies are usually more exposed to the public eye. Thus the corporate scandals they evoke influence society significantly. Medium and small companies do not have that level of public impact. During the first decade of the XXI century, there were many corporate scandals related to ethical violations. Companies were not ready for society’s newly acquired interest in workplace hazards, payment complaints, improper use of taxes, and the ecological impact of business. Nelson (2006) emphasizes that “the impact of unintended consequences to the third parties is often underestimated and should not be overlooked” (p. 25). This resulted in the United States implementing several legal regulations that have affected medium and small companies significantly. For example, Ruchkina et al. (2017) state that the taxation system was not tailored to such companies’ specifics, ultimately bringing more harm while it could be used instead to reduce the costs. This harmed medium and small businesses in different ways: first, the health safety and work environment regulations reduced their capability of hiring, proving it to be increasingly difficult to meet up the untailored requirements. Additionally, unclear regulative formulations still do not play in their favor, reducing their chances of hiring an international workforce and decreasing competitive capability. However, there were also positive effects: for example, well-defined employment regulations resulted in the managing lead being able to properly fulfill their obligations to the employees. Additionally, the study from Juniarti and Anggrahini (2020) states that the reduced taxation tariffs with a certain time limit provide a much-needed boost for SMEs, giving them more financial opportunities to compete. As the European Commission established the legal guidelines for medium and small businesses, it became much easier to access the capital for creating them. Overall, it is safe to say that the effect is ambiguous: while, in general, there were many positive consequences of ethical violations scandals, their negative outcomes are also present.
Strategy can be defined as a tool for success. It is built on the objectives and mission of an organisation. The idea behind play pumps was great because it was meant was to supply water to thousands of South African families who could not access the precious commodity. A simple idea can yield impressive results so long as it receives goodwill from the community and support from different quarters. In the video report by Amy Castello, it is evident that Trevor Field (the CEO of Play Pumps International) was extremely ambitious in rolling out the project. The organisation rolled out thousands of play pumps in South Africa and Mozambique within a very short time. However, several pumps failed to produce any water after installation. From this incident, we can learn that the magnitude of a project does not matter. Quality should always be given the first priority. Even though Play Pumps International invested millions of dollars in the project, lack of maintenance led to major breakdowns of the pumps. Amy Castello reported that some play pumps in Mozambique failed to produce water from the first time they were installed. Play Pumps International should have started with small play pumps projects which when successful, would have permitted the installation of more play pumps in locations hit by water scarcity. Trevor Field was adamant to address the challenges that were facing the play pumps. The objectives of the play pumps were eventually achieved after the organisation realised that maintenance of the play pumps were necessary. Play Pumps International lacked adequate staff on the ground to carry out maintenance services for the pumps. The $16.4 millions pledged by Laura Bush could have been directed towards the maintenance services. The Hip Hop star Jay zee also raised $400,000 through his ‘Water for Life’ concert tour in Africa (Frontline World, 2005). These funds could have been used to maintain the pumps. Trevor Field observed that the partner organisation (Save the Children) in Mozambique did not adhere to his instructions in choosing the best sites for drilling the pumps (Frontline World, 2010). Nonetheless, the broad objectives were eventually achieved when Play Pumps International and Save the Children resorted to repair the broken installations.
Introduction In the masterpiece, The Fog of War, former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara presents eleven lessons based on his experiences in the Vietnam War. However, questions still emerge on whether the American involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan complies with McNamara’s eleven lessons. This essay seeks to explain why the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are in either compliance or non-compliance with the “lessons learned” from the film documentary titled “the fog of war.” The analysis of the themes of the movie reveals that the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan comply with the lessons learned from McNamara’s movie. Compliance with the Lessons Learned The first lesson in McNamara’s movie is “empathize with the enemy.” Drawn from an incident in the Cuban Missile crisis in which President Kennedy, USSR’s Khrushchev and Fidel Castro almost plunged the world to nuclear war; McNamara argues that there is need to demonstrate empathy to the enemy even in times of war. Blight and Lang (17) demonstrates that there was a possibility of the presence of a “US diplomat who had lived with Khrushchev in Russia and argued to JFK that he negotiates with Khrushchev rather than declare nuclear war.” In the perspective of Iraq and Afghanistan, the actions of the United States towards the two nations reveal a clear demonstration of empathy. Millions of taxpayers’ money is spent on humanitarian causes, security issues, and capacity building. In the second lesson, McNamara posits, “rationality will not save us.” Within this lesson, concerns over Saddam Hussein’s totalitarian leadership rapidly grew, as the West demonstrated an increasing fear that Iraq was edging closer to acquiring weapons of mass destruction. Rationality in avoiding the conflict and eroding its relations with European nations would not have saved the United States from further terrorist attacks. The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001, in which thousands of lives were lost, added a new twist into the U.S. relations with Iraq. However, before focusing on the situation in Iraq, the United States considered a massive mission in Afghanistan against the Taliban and Osama bin Laden. It is important to note that the mission in Afghanistan received global support that Iraq invasion. Just as in the case of the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, “there is something beyond one’s self” is a featured theme in the movie The Fog of War. The struggle on the part of the soldiers and the political class to portray the victories of the war indicates compliance to this lesson. The compliance of McNamara’s lessons five, nine, and ten; proportionality should be a guideline in war, in order to do good, you may have to engage in evil and never say never respectively may be bes
Adaptive behavior skills and Instructional Strategies The literature is awash with evidence-based instructional practices for inculcating functional skills such as adaptive behavior skills for students with disabilities. According to Singer, Agran, and Spooner (2017), evidence-based practice steps described in academic literature make it possible to find and study appropriate intervention strategies where much attention is paid to the ways of interacting with students with such disorders because they have positive results for the development of the cognitive and behavioral skills of people with intellectual disabilities. Computer-based interventions have proven successful in teaching adaptive behavior skills to students with intellectual disabilities. Numerous procedures have also been used to teach adaptive behavior skills which include: task analysis, video modeling, positive reinforcement, verbal, gestural, physical prompting, error-correcting, picture prompting, in vivo instruction, and applied behavior analysis. Although many procedures exist for addressing adaptive skills, it is suggested that Computer-based intervention and Video-based intervention are used with fidelity to identify what works. Computer-based intervention Is utilized widely for interaction with those students who have intellectual disabilities. In Computer-based intervention, the computer delivers instruction by illustrating stimulatory inputs for audible and visual comprehension for the specific skillset; thus, it allows the subject to learn effectively. The learner uses the program through external hardware devices, such as scanners, switches, keyboards, touch screens, or trackballs. This interaction with the learner is viewed by some as one way of providing more sophisticated instructional components such as designed stimulatory hierarchies, corrective reviews, and unique motivating possibilities (Mechling, 2005). According to Rivera, Jabeen, and Mason (2016), computer-based interventions concurrently permit for explicit instruction, although they sometimes include supplementary information embedded within their multimedia feature, thereby allowing students with intellectual disabilities to learn incidental information. The authors further point out that through computer-based interventions, information can be placed purposefully within an instructional trial sequence as a way of giving learners with disabilities the chance to acquire extra skills. The significance of acquiring adaptive behavior skills to facilitate independent living is recognized in special education, so Computer-based intervention has shown to be an effective tool for teaching students with intellectual disability various adaptive behavior skills that are encountered in everyday life. Ramdoss et al. (2012) reviewed the literature aimed at advancing and improving adaptation skills (e.g., food preparation, shopping, and public transit navigation) in people with intellectual disabilities. The given review formulates intervention results and explains
There was a cultural conflict between the French employees and other workers. The cultural clashes caused the company to experience huge losses. The cultural differences were experienced when some of the French employees felt that being an entrepreneur was better than working with the company. For instance, Robert Fitzpatrick felt that being an entrepreneur is better than working at the company. He quit the job as the chairperson and started a consulting company. He had the desire to be an entrepreneur. This indicates that the company did not have motivational strategies to encourage employees to work (Zweifel, 2003). The EuroDisneyland experienced financial problems. The firm incurred losses during its first year of inception. However, Philippe Bourguignon was optimistic that the company would improve its performance. In 1992, the company experienced a loss of FFr18mm. The number of French visitors was 25%, and this performance was lower than the expected performance of 50%. The decline in the number of French visitors was caused by cultural conflicts. The company failed to incorporate the French culture in the organizational structure. “When Disney built its EuroDisney theme park in Paris, it triggered a visceral hate campaign among the Paris intelligentsia, and angry French people boycotted EuroDisney en masse” (Zweifel, 2003, p. 25). This indicates that the management team failed to understand and respect the French culture, and this caused a mass boycott. The employees boycotted the company because it never considered the cultural aspects of the French, but applied the American culture.