ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The economic environment in Colombia is more promising than that of Venezuela. Colombia now boasts of a GDP of $365.4billion, which makes it the 29 th largest economy in the world. In 2012, it grew by 4.3% and was a continuation of growth rates of 4% and 5.9% in 2010 and 2011 respectively (CIA, 2013). Venezuela has a GDP of $402 billion, which leads to position 34 in the world rankings. The country experienced a growth rate of 5.7% in 2012 but this was a dramatic shift from negative growth patterns in the previous years. In 2010, Venezuela reported a decline of 1.5% in its economy followed by an increase of 4.2% in 2011. Therefore, Colombia appears to have a more stable economic environment in comparison to Venezuela. An international business such as Posh Pastries needs to select a country that has sustainable economic growth rather than peaks and plunges at different times. Inflation is a significant problem to Venezuela as this reached a record 26% in 2011 and reduced slightly to 21% in the subsequent year. Conversely, Colombia has a manageable inflation rate of 3%. High inflation rates are never desirable for businesses because entrepreneurs could get less value for their money irrespective of their input. Obtaining foreign exchange will also be a problem for businesses. Posh Pastries needs to consider this fact before it expands into Venezuela. Venezuela is highly dependent on oil as its source of revenue. In fact, only 5% of the country’s exports come from non-oil related industries. Therefore, the country is increasingly vulnerable to fluctuations in international fuel prices. Even the high growth rates that have been reported recently are due to increases in oil prices. Similarly, Colombia depends on oil exports. The country has also suffered from changes in crude oil prices. However, it has mitigated this vulnerability by promoting other exports that include coffee, bananas and flowers. While both countries are oil dependent, one of them is worse off than the other. This implies that consumers may appear to flourish in one year and then do poorly in the next year. Such a pattern could cause them to cut back on luxurious spending. Some people may consider pastries luxurious and this could hurt Posh Pastries. The political environment of Venezuela has been relatively tumultuous over the past decade. The country’s key political stakeholders disagreed with their leader President Chavez concerning his socialist leanings. This led to a series of infrastructural and communication failures. Furthermore, the country has undergone unconventional political decisions. In certain instances, the executive authorized nationalization of key business sectors and instated price controls. This has led to a high degree of mistrust from foreign and local investors (CIA, 2013). Colombia’s political situation is quite prom
Introduction The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, more commonly known as the SEC, primarily serves the purposes of protecting investors and ensuring that the market is fair to every participant. Stable economic growth is only possible if the market encourages and rewards research. Investing is a risky activity that does not guarantee success, and one can only achieve profits if he or she is well prepared before beginning. However, research and analysis are meaningless if the information gained during the study is invalid, which makes dishonesty dramatically reduce the attractiveness of the activity. Therefore, an authority that would inspect and confirm or deny the integrity of information becomes necessary. The SEC exists to monitor the transparency and accurateness of financial reporting and to guarantee that every participant on the market has access to the same set of correct data. Main body The SEC accomplishes the goal of data set formation by having each company publish specific information and verifying its integrity. The statements are then pooled together and made available to all investors, allowing them to make informed decisions about their further actions in the market. Furthermore, “the SEC oversees the key participants in the securities world, including securities exchanges, securities brokers and dealers, investment advisors, and mutual funds,” ensuring fair dealing and fraud protection (“What we do”, 2013, para. 8). However, it should be noted that the SEC is not the only institution that oversees and controls the market, although it can be considered the primary government agency in the field (“What we do” , 2013). It accomplishes the goals above through the use of the enforcement authority granted to it by the government. The SEC has the power to bring civil enforcement actions against individuals and companies that break security laws. “Typical infractions include inside
Introduction The ‘Indian Problem’ has always been regarded as one of the most significant national questions, connected with exact identification of social rights and freedoms of these people. The development of special policies and laws were aimed at the problem solution; though in most cases it resulted in global federal conflicts. Federal Indian Policy is considered to be presented in the form of relationships between the government of the USA and the Indian tribes existing within its territory. Joseph Brant was one of the outstanding contributors to the development of American Indian Policy, striving to balance the rights and opportunities of the Indians as the nation, and participating in the development of ‘Indian sovereignty’. Joseph Brant Joseph Brant is considered to be a Mohawk chief and an outstanding British leader at the period of American Revolution. Thayendanegea (1743-1807) was a prominent military officer who contributed to the development of Indian federal policy. He appeared to be an elusive personality during his revolutionary career; he was never deeply involved into political development of his state being more interested in social and national prosperity of Indians as his native community. The basic aim of Brant’s campaign was focused on providing safety and welfare to Indians at the period of revolution and federal policy introduction. The question of tribal sovereignty was especially centralized; Joseph Brant put all the efforts in fighting for equality and rights for Indian nationality (Young, p. 236). At the age of thirteen, Joseph Brant participated in war events serving under Johnson during Indian and French war in the Lake George battle. It is necessary to underline the fact that his desire to freedom was expressed from Brant’s youth, when he demonstrated his courage and strong willingness. Being the secretary of Guy Johnson at the period of American Revolution, he managed to provide indirect influence on the formation of Indian policies. Though it is necessary to underline the fact that all his steps were focused on military campaign; Brant never tried to regulate the international questions and problems through agreements or documents. He participated in the number of attacks and rebellions aimed against the challenges within Indian federal policy connected with the following factors:   * Rapid settlement on the territory of Mohawk;   * Indians dependence on American and Britain economical, political and social development; He was concerned as to the consequences of Indian policy introduction; he warned Jeffrey Amherst, the General of military troops, that tightfisted Indian federal policy could lead to frontier warfare, though his considerations were rejected because of financial cutbacks. As a result there was the rebellion of weste
Introduction Buddhism has long been associated with theories related to individual and societal peace. Though these are key results of practices in this religion, very few people understand teachings and practices enabling Buddhism to be so successful in the facilitation of peace. This paper thus looks into the framework behind Buddhism’s peace mechanisms, religious practices, and relations with other ideologies, religions, and political groupings. The three subsequent sections of the essay would concentrate on various aspects of religion concerning peacebuilding. A conclusion noting some important points shall follow. Buddhism’s Vision for Peace Buddhism holds that peace-building should not come after a war, which is what many individuals tend to think. This religion holds that making peace should serve as a preventative measure against a war that could occur (Kimball 89). In this regard, it is up to individuals in society to ensure that peace is cultivated among themselves, so confrontations can be avoided. This is contrary to what many people in the world would think of peace. Indeed, all peace-building processes being undertaken in the world are a result of war, meaning that world leaders tend to run when harm has already taken place. The world community should learn from Buddhism that creating foundations for peace during peaceful conditions is the best measure of avoiding confrontations and wars that have come to characterize living conditions in various world regions. The main reason for this Buddhism teaches is that by encouraging people in the communities to live in peace with neighbors, chances of conflicts would greatly be diminished (Narayan 141). Taking such measures would save the world a lot of resources being used in healing processes after conflicts; it has to be considered that creating foundations of peace before the confrontation is way cheaper than subsequent healing processes. The facilitation of peace during calm periods means that societies would avoid confrontations that characterize peace negotiations after wars. Such nonviolence processes of achieving peace are one of the key foundations for Buddhism’s foundation for peace. This nonviolence approach has a greater advantage of having many people contribute to the process. Indeed, it is likely that individuals would feel more comfortable taking part in the process, meaning that successful decisions agreeable to all parties would be agreed upon. Achieving such high expectations in peace-building processes that take place after violent confrontations can prove to be an uphill task for all participants. To achieve the best results in the process of peace c
Privacy Privacy refers to a situation in which an individual is free from any sort of disturbance from people. It also describes a state of an individual practicing his or her personality freely. Privacy breach involves the act of a person accessing information of another without permission and using it wrongly. Privacy plays a crucial role in advancing one’s autonomy (Edelbach and Winston, 234). It enables individuals to advance in their daily activities, which do not require public attention. A breach of privacy siphons an individual’s ability to live independently. Privacy is also crucial in terms of social relations. The restrictions imposed by the right of privacy enable a diverse group of people to live harmoniously, enabling individuals to maintain good social relations among themselves. Taylor’s argument on surveillance Many authors such as Stanley and Steinhardt argue in opposition to the advanced use of surveillance. According to Stanley and Steinhardt, the rising use of surveillance denies individuals their right to confidentiality (Edelbach and Winston, 236). However, some authors such as James Taylor support the advancement made in the field of surveillance. According to Taylor, individuals opt to pay great consideration to matters of security. Currently, the level of insecurity is very high in the world; cases pertaining to terrorism are ever reported in many countries. Thus, according to Taylor it is crucial for nations to advance their level of survei
Introduction   * Woo family (Peter, Charlie, Jack and Hsu woo) emigrated from Hong Kong to the U.S in the 1960s.   * They recognized a market for toys in Los Angeles that could be served by toy manufacturer in Hong Kong and founded ABC toys Inc (McGuire et al., 2011).   * Peter an Charlie are founders of Los Angeles toy district.   * In 1989, Charlie and peter left ABC toys Inc and created Mega toy Inc.   * Jack and Hsu Woo remained with ABC toys now competitor to the new firm.   * Mega toy Inc is an importer and wholesalers of children toys.   * Peter became president and Charlie C.E.O. External environment Industry trend   * Mega Toys Inc has become better company through its constant upgrade of their system and improvement of business practices   * Has supplied Wal-Mart with toys for more than twenty years.   * Through out the 1990s, it transformed from a buyer/ importer to a toys, character and brands.   * Mega Toys eventually developed two business models; designing and subcontracting.   * Between 1970 and 2000, retail toy sales had to consolidate as large discounts stores and became the main toy sellers in America.   * Mega Toys designed most of its products in Los Angeles and subcontracted manufacturing firms in china and Hong Kong in order to keep cost low.   * In 1993, it acquired 50 percent of Los Angeles based California costumes collections Inc (CCC); a producer of high quality Halloween costumes. Opportunities   * Increasing business opportunities in Asian countries.   * World trade organization reiterating on its prior regulation on costumes.   * Mardi gras costumes merged with CCC and in 1998, Mega Toys controlled CCC as a wholly owned subsidiary (McGuire et al., 2011).       + The industry had always been characterized by high seasonality, with the Christmas season representing the bulk of sales.       + The market for traditional toys world wide was mature and shrinking, while electronic, computer based and some specialty toys and games showed growth.       + Number of other holidays, differing from country to country, allowed toys makers and retailer to spread revenue over the calendar year.   * High growth in infrastructure   * Developing infrastructure in China and Asian   * Economy growth is part of opportunities for the company       + Costumes are almost exclusively sold at Halloween and toys are sold primarily before Christmas.       + In 2008, world Easter’s costume sales was expected to climb up to $ 2.2 billions (McGuire et al., 2011).       + Traditional holiday, social, sports or educational events and celebration provides sales opportunities.       + Each season has particular gifts preferences Threats They include:   * Economic crisis in the U.S and Europe   * Safety concerns   * Children alternatives for hobbies   * Stiff competition.   * Toys and games production was largely controlled by major,
Introduction Nursing practice has changed tremendously because of the introduction and employment of the family concept in care provision. The paper shall argue that the family should be the focus of care in nursing practice and this shall be backed up by several theories and explanations. How a family works as a system in promoting the health of its members The family plays a crucial role in informing its members about some of the basic health, economic, reproductive, and developmental issues that they are likely to face within the external environment. In this regard, families play an important role in determining the types of family planning techniques that their members will use once and if they fall within an acceptable age bracket. Aside from that, the family system plays an important role in informing its members about other sexually related health concerns such as avoidance of sexually transmitted diseases. Here, families may teach their members issues concerning abstinence or they may advocate for other measures such as condom usage (Zilback, 1989). The family can function as a structure for encouraging its members to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Here, the family often dictates dietary preferences that in the end can lead to healthy lifestyles. In line with the latter function is the promotion of healthy activities ranging from adequate sleep, engaging in exercise, going for frequent medical checkups, and other necessary activities needed to ensure wellness. The family system can boost an individual’s health by discouraging them from practices that could endanger their health such as alcohol and cigarette consumption, drug-taking, and the like. These can go a long way in promoting a healthy lifestyle. It should also be noted that psychological elements of an individual’s health can be formed or damaged through the family unit. In this regard, the family is supposed to provide its members with a stable environment in which they can have meaningful relationships. Health complications may arise if this function is not carried out and they may be manifested in the form of suicides, drug-taking, prostitution, or other activities that put these members at high health risks. Aside from these depictions, a lack of strong family ties can cause mental illnesses (Rankin, 1986). The concept of family most used in nursing practice and whether this is the most helpful concept for considering the family in nursing practice In nursing practice,
Maximilian Godefroy, a French-American architect, has earned respect as one of the greatest authors of his time. His work is visible on many of his buildings in Baltimore and the larger United States of America. One of his finest works was the design and construction of the Battle Monument. It has become a landmark. Jean Maur Godefroy, known as Maximilian Godefroy, was a French architect who immigrated to America. He studied Civil and Geographical engineering. During his stay in the United States, he designed a well-known statue in Baltimore. It became known as the Battle Monument. Its construction began on September 12, 1815. The design and construction were to commemorate the defeat of the British in the war of 1812 by Baltimore state. It later became the official emblem (Marter 343). It is on North Calvert Street between East Fayette and East Lexington Streets in Baltimore, Maryland. The monument is famous. It acts as a memory of the soldiers and the spirit of the people who died fighting the war (Kelly and Remsberg 82). The location of the monument was strategic (Marter 343). The figure has architectural roots in Egypt. The master was interested in ancient art and the mixing of different styles (Kelly and Remsberg 82). The base comprised of an Egyptian Revival Cenotaph. It portrayed a tomb that depicted the remembrance of the dead soldiers. It is a 39 feet tall column. It was the local marble that the builders used to make the monument. The base comprises of eighteen layers of marble. During that time of the war, that was the number of states that joined the United States of America (Marter 343). The base has four corners. At each end, there is a Griffin that represents the might of the Americans (Marter 343). The builders had to find a way to list the name of the soldiers who died during the war. The names of the officers who died are at the top. Its construction lasted almost a decade. The sponsors included the City management, the security team, and military commanders (Kelly and Remsberg 82). There have been many war memorial representations for America. But the Battle Monument was the first of its kind (Eshelman 120). The foundation building started on the first anniversary of the Battle of North Point (Kelly and Remsberg 82). A lot of people were present at the procession, including Maximilian Godefroy with his assistants and military officers (Eshelman 120). The reason the architect decided to create this very work lies in his past. Godefroy served in the French army, so he was able to understand both feelings of soldiers who are fighting for their country and those who came back home (Kelly and Remsberg 82). The knowledge made it possible to install the needed atmosphere into the sculpture so that everyone can easily interpret it (Eshelman 120). With the help of the Battle Monument, the architect wanted to remind the citizens of their history. It was to be a symbolic appreciation of the work of the soldiers who captured Baltimore during the war (Zanow, Johnston, and Lynch 25). The monument exudes the feeling of safety, and i
Web portals are used to provide connection from a web page to different sources. Web portals support multiple applications which are used in various ways like search engine which provides archives for a variety of information that includes stocks exchange, news, books, and electronic mailing services among many others. Web portals are classified according to their intended functions. There are three classes of web portals namely horizontal and vertical portals. A vertical portal is also called a vort, it focuses on a particular kind of business, theme and subject. A horizontal portal covers multiple areas and acts as a display place for organizations in a similar economic industry, for instance hotel industry. Vertical information portal (VIP) focuses on the availing information, for example news, digital substance and business opportunities. VIPs support multimedia applications for instance social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter and blogging. VIPs are known to exhaust online marketing by establishing land pages according to the client’s requirements (Sullivan, 2004). Personal portals on the internet present customized services to their users by availing links to other resources on the network. They use multiple application programs and hardware to give access to users to other available resources from different sources. They are mainly used to convey news and data, just to mention but a few. They can be very useful when one needs to access external information that is related to a specific topic. Regional portals cover wide geographical portals with resources that are relevant to a given region for example news on weather forecasts. News portals are used by media agencies i.e. television channels, to convey information to all parts of the world. Examples include Sky News, CNN and Aljazeera. Regional portals are also essential in business to business (B2B) exchanges, where businesses come together on a website to share ideas and conduct business activities. Government portals are identified by their domain names, for instance gov. Most countries have integrated information technology and communication into their government structures. This has led to the increase of governments that have set aside a portal for their nationals. These government portals act as a medium of communication between a government and its nationals. This utility is highly valued in some countries because citizens use it to forward their grievances and suggestions to the authorities. For instance people who want to participate in the annual global green card lottery from the United States of America, they will have to provide their private information through the US government portal (USA.gov). In some countries the government runs different portals for various purposes for example for instance the portal for persons with disability may vary from the main government portal (Shelly, Napier, & Rivers, 2009). Corporate portals are used to provide services in an organization with accuracy and reliability. It is therefore suggested that organizations provide profile of the organization in their portal. This is