ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Culture is an essential element of any nation and country, which should be supported by organizations to attract people and make them interested in learning more about cultural phenomena. The Arts Council of England (ACE) is one of the major organizations that operate in funding cultural and artistic projects. This paper will discuss the perspective of clients, a consulting approach, and pertinent information that should be taken into account while preparing a bid for the tender proposed by ACE. Client Perspective and Consulting Approach ACE is a public organization that is funded by the government of the United Kingdom (UK) to support the development of arts. The paramount goal of the identified body is to contribute to high-quality arts and transform them in terms of modern reality. ACE provides grants and funding to cultural and artistic organizations that operate in the UK, thus striving to stimulate them and attract new talents in the given field (Wheatley & Bickerton 2017). In terms of the proposed ten-year period, it is assumed to make the arts more accessible to wider populations. In other words, the plan targets various types of clients who would receive the opportunity to enjoy artistic pieces. For example, people living in rural and remote areas are also expected to be covered by the new strategic direction. Potential clients with disabilities as well as older adults present groups of interest for ACE that declares the creation of successful arts ecology. To enhance the availability and quality of its services, ACE needs a proper consultation. The strategic direction should be based on a specific frame with a focus on the factors that currently specify the development of arts. One may suggest that these factors may vary from population to population due to age, gender, preferences, and so on. Momparler, Carmona, and Lassala (2015) state that the management consulting approach should be selected as a type of activity aimed at solving the problems and tasks of managers in the field of strategic planning, optimization, investment, and financial activities, as well as pertinent research. The result of this activity is not only decision-making but also increases the efficiency of the organization as a whole and the individual productivity of each employee (Poulfelt & Olson 2017). Most importantly, management consulting would allow creating competitive advantages and taking ACE to a new level of services. Relevant Information for Contracting Bid for the Tender Preparing a contract bid for the tender may be a challenging task, especially when the goals and objectives of a company are not clear. In this case, ACE is an open organization that
The growing force behind environmental protection and the large spike in gasoline costs in the recent past has skyrocketed the availability and popularity of hybrid cars. As a result, major automakers have made several hybrid models which are now available in the market, and they are sold immediately because of their various models and ther
Community facilities are special places where members of a particular community can gather, held meetings, or come to gain something useful. By bringing society together, they can also perform recreational, educational, and cultural functions. In this way, they offer opportunities for social interaction and also benefit public development. New York Public Library, the second largest library, is not only an important public place, but its main building is a national historical monument. Libraries are essential public cultural centers that contribute to community development. They inspire art, cultural development, and gaining additional knowledge. Even though their popularity has fallen in the modern world of technology, libraries continue to play a crucial role. Moreover, by remaining flexible, their employees respond to trends in society, create new sections. Libraries often provide computers and Internet access for those who do not have them. In this way, in the community, their main goals are to educate and unite. New York Public Library has many buildings, but its most popular one is the main branch. It is made in the Beaux-Arts style and is built entirely of marble and brick (“About the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building,” n.d.). On the side of the Fifth Avenue, there is a cornice with sculpted figures. The main entrance is decorated with three arches and Corinthian columns. The sculptures that gained major fame are two lions guarding the library entrance, which became a symbol of the library. Thus, libraries are one of the most crucial community facilities, as they contribute to education and cultural development. Despite modern technological trends, they still hold the position of vital social objects. An example is the New York Public Library, which is not just a huge collection of knowledge but also an excellent example of architectural art. Only some elements are mentioned in the paper, in particular famous sculptures of the lions. Reference About the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building . (n.d.). New York Public Library. Web.
Population and Natural resources China is classified as a developing country and has the most significant population in the world. According to the latest statistics, China has a total population of 1,381,057,076 people, which accounts for 18.72% of the world’s total population.[1] This is a clear indication that 1 in every five people resides in China. The total area of land in China is 9,390,784 sq. km, and it is densely populated with 147 people per square kilometer. Such a high population is suitable for Apple since it offers the company the necessary market for its products. Apple has devised a supply chain process that is quite effective in ensuring that every individual in China gets the required awareness regarding Apple’s products. Through such a supply chain, Apple reaches its customers more easily and quickly, given that a more significant percentage of the residents live in urban areas. China is the world’s leading mining country due to the availability of significant and valuable reserves of iron, coal, lead, mercury, graphite, antimony, copper, and tin, among others. The resources of underground water produce up to 870 billion cubic meters annually.[2] With such resources, the economy of China is bound to grow, which increases the purchasing capabilities of the residents. Most people in China make use of public means of transport. As such, Apple has capitalized on this to ensure that there are all sorts of devices that customers can use to play games as well as stream TV shows during commutes. In addition, Apple’s development of new products targeting China’s population is based on the fact that China’s population has become more conscious as far as different brands are concerned. For this reason, Apple ensures that the market is filled with quality brands to cater to the needs and demands of the entire China population. GDP per capita and Labor skills The GDP of a country is the total monetary value of the goods and services produced within the country’s borders in a year.[3] According to the World Bank statistics, China’s GDP as of 2014 was 3865.88 USD, which is equal to 31% of the total GDP in the world. Such a high GDP is attractive for Apple since it acts as an indication of the purchasing power of the citizens of China. With a high purchasing power in the country, Apple has focused on ensuring that various products are available for customers with a lot of concern on customers’ income. Additionally, most of Apple’s plants in China get cheap Labor from the locals. By making use of the cheap Labor, the company saves a lot on expenses, and thus, such money can be channeled to other areas of the company’s operations. In efforts to rectify the challenges of the lack of skills, there was a call for exploration of
Permission for widespread use of a drug is issued on the basis of reliable data on the efficacy and safety of the drug obtained in the course of preclinical and clinical studies, the result of which is the registration of the drug. Today, the laws of all countries oblige pharmaceutical companies to conduct multi-stage clinical trials of their drugs before these drugs become widely available. Below, the case of off-label medicines that can be prescribed for children will be discussed. The scientific and practical significance of clinical trials is beyond doubt in the medical community. Methodological and ethical aspects of planning and conducting clinical trials are developed, available, and followed by conscientious researchers. However, adherence to evidence-based medical practice is, in most cases, beyond the reach of the pediatrician. The frequency of prescribing off-label drugs to children varies in different countries in a wide range. Pediatricians are still often forced to use drugs efficacy and safety of which have been assessed in adult studies, while the course of many diseases in an adult and a child can be strikingly different (Gordon, 2019). The main problems related to the lack of appropriate information on the pediatric population are the insufficient number of clinical trials involving children, which limits data on the efficiency of treatment. Here, it seems reasonable to empathize that there are specific conditions under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. The crucial circumstance can be shown through a particular example of asthma – a disease that is treated with the help of albuterol (an off-label drug for children). This is supported by the following statement, “Although commonly used in infants and toddlers, albuterol is only FDA-approved for use in children over 2 years old” (Iannelli, 2020, para. 5). Then, Iannelli (2020) continues, “In the case of these asthma medications, … these medicines have been used so much, they are thought to be safe and studies have shown that they work” (para. 6). Alternatives that cannot deal with asthma symptoms of a child should not be accepted and applied in practice. Attainments within the scope of the treatment of children today cannot be achieved without large controlled clinical trials, in which it is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of medications. The expansion of indications and age ranges, the study of new dosage regimens, and routes of drug administration in children from infancy to adolescence should be considered as one of the priority areas of activity of pharmaceutical companies. For pharmaceutical associations, an important condition for conducting clinical trials with pediatric patients is their ability to ensure that these trials are carried out in strict accordance with internationally accepted requirements (Gordon, 2019). It is also necessary to improve the system of national pharmacovigilance in the field of control of off-label prescriptions. Healthcare practitioners can make a significant contrib
For those convicted for sex crimes, the common sentence is jail time which is normally accompanied by a treatment program in form of rehabilitation that is designed to discourage the re-occurrence (recidivism) of these crimes. Be that as it may, rehabilitation of sex crimes is still surrounded by many questions regarding its effectiveness. This is mostly due to the difficulty experienced in designing and carrying out good research to check on rehabilitation. Thus, there is still no evidence that proves the ineffectiveness of rehabilitation of sex offenders in terms of reducing recidivism. Rehabilitation entails more than just the delivery of social work help to offenders. As noted by Clear and O’Leary (1983,18), it is more about changing the offender’s attitude towards criminal activities, produced by the intervention of the state and resulting in the offender’s willingness to keep criminal activities. To Clear and O’Leary, intervention may derive from numerous factors which motivate the offender to refrain from further crime, including the fear of being caught and punished again, receiving insight into any emotional causes of criminal behavior, and gaining access to social legitimate opportunities. Simply put, rehabilitation implies that when placed in a similar situation as before, the offender chooses not to engage in further offenses. Unfortunately, even with the numerous studies carried out to check on the effectiveness of rehabilitation, little evidence exists to show that this measure actually helps to change the behavior of sex offenders (Finkelhor, 1986, 137). Finkelhor also notes that there is little difference, if any, in the rates of recidivism among offenders who have undergone rehabilitation and those that have not. This, therefore, means that none of the studies on recidivism has satisfactorily shown strong results to favor the rehabilitation programs. Apparently, the current rehabilitation programs for sexual offenders have no empirical support and their success or failure is judged on moral grounds, which is determined by the emotions of the society. For instance, among the rehabilitation methods recommended for sex offenders is psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is the widely used method to rehabilitate perpetrators of child sex crimes and the most
Nagel’s account of sexual desire According to Nagel, there is a big problem in the development of a definition of sexual perversion. Nagel clearly states that sexual perversion should portray a conduct that is deemed unnatural by the members of the society. Nagel’s sentiments about sexual perversion indicate that he believes that perversion involves behaviors that are not morally acceptable. Nagel also reveals that sexual perversion may be defined by a sub-group of the society. For instance, he reveals that Roman Catholics believe in deliberate sexual perversion in the form of using contraceptives. Nagel believes that sexual perversion is a psychological issue. It is also apparent that sexual perversion is associated with divergent activities that culminate in a convergent point of sexual satisfaction. Nagel uses the example of Romeo and Juliet to demonstrate that sexual perversion and sexual attraction are different psychological concepts. He claims that if Romeo is attracted to Juliet’s hair and how she sips her drink, he is perverted because he is aroused not by the individual, but part of her behavior (Nagel, 1969). When Juliet becomes aware of Romeo and gets aroused by his body, Romeo also notices her looking at him, and mutual arousal results in sexual attraction between the two individuals. The importance of this example is to highlight the fact that sexual perversion may appear in the process of developing sexual desire, but it is just part of the communication between two individuals that are attracted to each other (Nagel, 1969). Nagel’s determines if something is a sexual perversion Nagel offers two arguments about sexual perversion. His first argument is a skeptical view of the concept, whereby he claims that sexual perversion is an appetite. He claims that sexual perversion is a normal behavior that people portray naturally; hence it should be accepted. However, Nagel negates this thought in the second argument, where he claims that not all sexual activities are normal. According to Nagel’s second sentiments, sex is an appetite, but when the sexual appetite of a person is inclined toward unnatural behavior, it becomes a sexual perversion. According to his example of Romeo and Juliet, sexual perversion is any form of sexual communication that does not offer a complete formation of a relationship. Nagel gives some examples of behaviors that he believes lack the elements of complete sexual communication, including Voyeurism and sadism (Nagel, 1969). These sexual activities are considered unnatural by the society, and the process by which the individuals that prefer them get satisfaction raises questions about their psychological wellness. According to Nagel, it is important for the society to understand that while people determine the definition of sexual perversion according to the norms of the community, the basis of determining perverted activities should be whether the activities facilitate complete sexual communication. While most people address homosexuality as a form of sexual perversion, Nagel believes that homosexuality involves complete sexual communication; thus, it is not perverted. He also reinforces hi
Abstract It is estimated “that there will be 3 to 5 million cases of cholera this year and of that number at least 100, 000 people will die from the disease” (WHO, 2010, p.1). But this health problem is treatable and preventable. If local governments and members of any given community will be made aware of the nature of the cholera bacterium and how it is transmitted from person to person then the morbidity and mortality rate can be significantly reduced. There must be greater cooperation among national governments and those who are in authority must make a commitment that no one should die from cholera. An effective and efficient information dissemination campaign is the first important step in order to arm and equip people all over the world so that everyone can help in eradicating the possibility of another cholera outbreak. Introduction Hippocrates was born 500 years before Christ. He was a Greek physician and considered to be the founder of modern medicine. He was one of the first to scientifically study cholera. This means that this deadly malady was already present in ancient times. It is a medical problem caused by a bacterium that releases toxins that disrupts the natural functions of the human body. Because it is a well-known medical issue cholera health experts were able to develop ways to prevent outbreak and even lower mortality rates. Nevertheless, in the 21 st century a cholera pandemic is still possible due to poverty and ignorance. This study will attempt to know more about cholera in order to help in disseminating the information that no one should die from this disease because it can be treated and more importantly it can be prevented. Historical Perspective The term “cholera” was first seen in the works of Hippocrates and believed to have been derived from the Greek word chole which means bile and the word rein which means to flow (Barua & Greenough, 1992, p.1). If taken together these terms would mean, the flow of bile (Barua & Greenough, 1992, p.1). It can be surmised that the ancients described the disease based on the discharge that comes out from the human body. In another version, cholera historians remarked that Alexander Trallianus in 1622 who asserted that it came from the word cholades which means intestines (Barua & Greenough, 1992, p.1). It is easy to surmise why Trallianus made this inference. This conclusion comes from the observation that the disease is linked to the bowels. Another definition frames describes the sickness as “an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea” (National Center for Bio
Primary Objectives of Accounting The primary purpose of accounting is to provide useful and detailed intelligence for those who want to use the information to make critical decisions. In other words, accounting help various individuals acquire necessary material information that aids them in their day-to-day investment decisions. Other objectives include Full Disclosure, which is a concept in financial accounting that requires release of all the facts that are material to financial statements. This is because failure to avail them may lead to misleading information in the financial statements: statement of financial position and statement of financial performance. The material facts include all the receipts and other assisting evidence related materials. It is important especially when auditors come to vet the authenticity of the information. In fact, it makes it easy for auditors and government tax officers to trace the originality of the records in an organization (Hooper, Davey and Presscot, 2009). Importance of Accounting At the end of every fiscal year, accountants prepare financial statements. Thanks to the accounting process, the preparation of these statements made easy. Accounting helps managers make critical and sound decisions that may have a large impact to the organization as a whole. The third role of accounting, we find that it is a career disciple. Hence, it is a means of living h
“Night Shift” is a collection of horror stories written by Stephen King in 1978. This book became the first, which King wrote a foreword to, and it is necessary to mention that all the stories were aimed to get to know the depth of human patience. Mystical moments of the book were described with simplicity on the one hand and cynic horror description on the other hand. At first sight, it may seem that King is not interested in keeping the reader’s mental health in safety, as the descriptions are often too natural and frank as for the fiction. Taking into account the language, which is used for the dialogues, and sometimes the author’s words, it is clearly understood that the book is written for those who would understand the delicate wordplays. Since King’s main characters usually use no literary language at all, it might seem impossible to find any official language in his stories, but it should be mentioned that even in spite of the unofficial language, the power of language is immense. When the official language loses its power and appears to be insufficient for the scenes, King retorts to slang, jargon, and other means to avoid literary canons. Using the special tone, he attracts concentration to language and acts as an intermediary, offering a network for different languages to interrelate (recreating the heteroglossic world and thus confirming that heteroglossia). The voice that King’s narrators’ speak is empowered with the language that is highly spoken and easy to comprehend. As it has been stated, this language is full of extremely unofficial jargon and even cuts of informal culture ‑ bits of rock lyrics, promotion of tinkles, and set phrases of exclusively TV origin. But it would be incorrect to suggest that this account is purely unsanctioned, missing any elevated language; it is in its place, first of all, a version of slang, an explanation that refracts it by means of literary lens: “The bulbs couldn’t banish the twelve-year darkness; it could only push it