ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Diplomacy can be a continuation of war by other means when looked at from different perspectives. This paper will therefore evaluate why diplomacy can be a continuation or discontinuation of war by all means. In this case, it means that the paper will argue for and against this statement based on existing facts. Diplomacy can be a continuation of war because it revolves around one party having his way over the other. This implies that as much as two parties might be engaged in negotiations to find out the best alternative or option (that will work in their favor); the success of such an initiative will depend on their ability to compromise. In cases where two parties are not ready to compromise, there is an expectation that people will continue with war. It should also be known that diplomacy is a continuation of war based on the fact that one party might be involved in diplomacy to get enough support in defense of war. There are cases where people might engage in diplomacy to find out the true position of the other party about an issue (that is always the borne of contention). In fact, there are cases where we see hard-line positions from different individuals after an all round approach to diplomacy. In such cases, we should expect war to continue because the other party will always want its cause to be heard and given attention over the other which seems to reinforce the need for war as time goes by. There are cases where diplomacy can provide information about an opponent thereby leading to continuation of war because different parties will be better prepared. Information is generally availed when one party makes contact with the other. On the other hand, it should be known that all diplomacy is not always a continuation of war which is a fact. Based on fact that diplomacy revolves around letting somebody else have his way through mutual consent; it can prevent or end war if both parties are ready and willing. This is mostly possible if parties that are involved are ready to compromise on what they might be holding or augmenting for. Through creative diplomacy, parties can be able to drop their hard-line positions and thereby halt the continuation of war. This means that everything will be geared towards an agreeable solution and position. Diplomacy can also serve the interests of the war thereby bringing about good outcomes that will definitely end war as time goes by. Diplomatic channels can be used to bring about proper peace negotiations that will enhance long term sustainability as far as the dispute is concerned. As far as war is concerned, diplomacy needs some military backup for trust and confidence. On the other hand, the military needs diplomatic guidance and that is why diplomacy can be able to discontinue war as time goes by. When looked at from the discontinuation of war point of view, both parties should meet for long term sustainability in relation to the solution that will be arrived at. This will be able to prevent an unprovoked attempt to declare war. Efforts to try and persuade an
Introduction America was one of the most powerful nations during the time of Holocaust in Germany and at the start of Second World War. The nation had made major strides in regards to freedom and democracy. America was a world model having made significant advances in economics and political fields. It was at this time in Germany when Adolf Hitler’s regime stripped Jews off their liberties and humanity. Millions of were massacred as American turned a blind eye to the plight of Jews. Had America intervened early and acted accordingly, millions could have been saved from the Holocaust, but instead they choose to abandon the Jewish people. Main body Soon after World War I, American policy maker made a decision aimed at stopping America from being involved in other country’s domestic affairs and international conflicts. Isolationism policy was adopted and come the Second World War, America was not willing to get involved in the war. Most American public were also against any involvement of American in European war as they felt that America’s interest could only be protected by avoiding foreign conflicts. The general feeling was that no American life should be lost in the war in Eastern Europe. Later when America joined Russia in the war against the Nazi Regime, the action was selective in that it failed to protect the Jews from genocide. By the spring of 1944, Americans were aware of mass killing of Jews at Auschwitz’s Gas Chambers at Birkenau extermination camp. Jews leaders made passionate plea to the United States to bomb the railway leading to the camp but their calls were ignored. Instead, the United States bombed industrial targets in Auschwitz, located fives miles from the Extermination camp. Over 100,000 Jews died at the gas chambers in Birkenau during the period which America was bombing the Auschwitz industrial complex. Had America intervened by bombing the camp and the railway line leading to the camp, most of these Jews could have been saved. During the period when the Holocaust was taking place, America was going through the great economic depression. The US was not ready to any immigrant, fearing job crisis and the burdening of the already strained economy. It is for this reason that immigration rules were tightened. In 1938, over 20,000 Jews from German applied for US visa, but the Visa quota system at the time allowed only 7,000 Germans to have US visas. By 1939, the number of Jews seeking US visa had increased to 300,000 with only 20,000 getting approval.Plea by Human Rights body to the U.S State Department to increase the Germany quota fell on deaf ears. Late 1930s and early 1940s gave rise to anti-S
Crime is ever-changing, and different variables are ceaselessly quickening the transformation. Offense casualties are those people who have suffered as a result of malfeasance. The agony which these people experience arise because their predicaments have been neglected by authorities which are supposed to fight for their rights. Voicing of problems of crime-affected persons is a good effort in addressing their plights because it brings their troubles to the attention of the public. Rediscovery of crimes has brought with it many benefits, especially to those victims whose troubles were forgotten. According to Karmen (2019), the recognition has enabled some victims to obtain study and assistance. Further, he claims that media attention has provided these individuals with a public platform to press for civil reforms (Karmen, 2019). Consequently, the financial resources have given the victims a stake in the determination of their cases. On the other hand, tracing of sufferers has also faced some hurdles. Karmen (2019) points out that there exists a conflict between the public’s right to know about a misdemeanor and the casualties’ right to privacy. Where victims’ legislation and policies have stalled, the lawlessness causalities have felt profound disappointment and hence experienced anxiety and emotional stress (Spalek, 2016). Essentially, the problems facing the recognition of misdeed casualties should be addressed appropriately to ensure future cases are well solved. In conclusion, the rediscovery of crime victims is helping in bringing the sufferings which the victims undergo to the public. Most importantly, financial assistance as well as the public platform, given to these victims as a result of voicing their plights, has made them able to seek justice. However, the share of challenges rediscovery has to contend with makes some of its proponents disregard its importance. Undoubtedly, rediscovery remains to be an effective tool in fighting for the rights of the victims.
Executive Summary The main issues explored in the Dubai Expo 2020 case study are connected to a lack of entrepreneurial activity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), despite its ranking high in the assessments of entrepreneurial spirit. Some of the obstacles include a lack of loan offers for Mall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are new and have not operated for less than two years. Additionally, residents without citizenship have restricted access to capital, while the state experience a severe workforce shortage. The bank loans provided to small businesses in the state are not typical, mainly because of risks associated with new SMEs, and thus, the government should create funding initiatives for such companies and popularize alternative funding sources. Additionally, the experience of Silicon Valley as a hub for innovation and entrepreneurship should be adopted. Finally, residents should be provided with an opportunity to access funding opportunities available to citizens. Introduction World Expo is a significant event during which critical technological advancements and innovation are presented, which provides many opportunities to countries hosting this event, especially for industries such as hospitality, construction, transportation, and logistics. The main benefit of the World Expo is thus its positive impact on the entrepreneurial environment in the host country. The business problem presented in the “Expo 2020” case study is the lack of entrepreneurial activity in the UAE and obstacles such as obtaining loans from banks and workforce shortage, which contribute to this issue that needs to be solved. One approach is the popularization development of government support programs, while alternatives include the popularization of other funding sources. The main actors that can carry out these solutions are governmental agencies. This paper aims to analyze the main ideas relating to entreprene
Introduction Industrial design has come a long way from the previous century when industries were just becoming modern to the current scenario where lean thinking is the watchword. The earlier assumed that products had a life for quite a few years and consequently, the industrial design took years from the concept to the drawing board to production and finally to the market. With the current short life span of consumer products, industrial design needs to be done very quickly and the time to market is measured in a few weeks if not days. There have been vast changes in the manner that goods are designed and manufactured and in the selection of materials that have to be lightweight and strong. This paper discusses the future of industrial design, the software tools used, and the materials available for the design aspects. Software Tools Available for Design Wang (2006) has written that the use of advanced Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software applications such as IDEAS, 3D Max, Maya, Lightwave, Solidworks, ProEngineer have changed the concept of industrial design. This software has very powerful 3D modeling features and allows the full component to be designed, different materials applied and even simulation can be done. The software allows organizations to capture the design intent of creative and innovative product concepts by using complex geometry creation and freeform NURBS – non-uniform rational b-spline surfacing tools. CAD packages are by industrial designers in a graphic environment and these packages offer a wide variety of design options and features. Designs can be saved, altered, modified, new materials applied, all very quickly. The most important aspect is the simulation feature that these packages have. It is possible to subject a designed product to different element forces such as wind, rain, falling from heights, simulation of crashes, etc. So, designers can reasonably predict the failure mode of the product, what level of forces it can sustain, and the likely areas where it can fail. This helps the designer to make a fair assessment of the product and make suitable design changes before subjecting the product to actual abuse testing and exposure to the real world. Wang also speaks of reverse engineering where it is possible to examine a finished product and use a 3D inspection unit and plot the geometry to obtain the original design. Skateboard Materials Skateboarding is a high-performance sport and serious skaters subject the skateboard to excessive stress, strains, leaps, falls, and other forms of abuse. The skateboard is a highly engineered object and though it may look simple, a lot of scien
Introduction The growth of Thermophilic bacteria increases during the process of manufacturing milk powder (Murphy 42-50). There is no health hazard posed by the Thermophilic bacteria responsible for the formation of spores. Nevertheless, when milk powder contains them in numerous numbers, it does not only point to poor methods of manufacturing, but can also result in deterioration of the product’s enzymes. This may lead to changes in both organoleptic properties and the composition of the product. Thus, during the manufacture of milk powder, it is important to carry out a test for Thermophilic bacteria (Flint Para.5). This essay is a description of the use of the BactiFlow system to develop a rapid test for Thermophilic bacteria. Thermophilic bacteria refers to the bacteria whose optimum temperature of growth is about 55 0 C. Materials and method Protocol T is the test method used. Its basis is the milk powder protocol which is useful in enumerating all bacteria present in milk powder. The protocol was modified in four ways to be able to particularly detect Thermophilic bacteria. The first modification entailed heat treatment of the sample for 10 minutes at a temperature of about 62.8 0 C. The heat treatment was based on the fact that the heat tolerance for mesophilic bacilli is less than that of thermophilic bacilli. Second, the protocol was modified by raising the temperature required for labeling the bacterial cells. “The third modification was the addition of 0·8% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to the A31 buffer (Chemunex SA) used in the pretreatment of milk powder reconstituted in 0·1% peptone” (Flint para.13). Hydrolysis of the substrate used will occur at temperatures above 30 0 C. After being hydrolyzed, it links itself to the casein micelles found in milk powder that’s reconstituted. This makes the test unreadable due to the BackFlow’s high background readings. Casein micelles are dissociated by EDTA (Ward 495-504). The fourth modification was that the Chemunex CSR reagent was optimized. This was done to minimize the sample’s nonspecific labeling. A vortex mixer rather than gentle mixing was used to mix the sample with the reagent. This did not only minimize background staining but also ensured that the contact between the test solution and the reagent was rapid. Validation Different milk powders were obtained from several dairy manufacturing plants in New Zealand. “These were dissolved in 0·1% peptone (10% w/v) and mixed in a peristaltic blender” (Flint para.17). To come up with numerous thermophilic bacteria required for validation, there was the incubation of milk powders at 55 o C for about two to three hours. During validation, 36 samples of fresh milk powder
As opposed to leadership where a leader prioritizes needs of followers first, narcissistic leaders put their interests first. In addition, narcissistic leaders prioritize their needs at the expense of their subordinates. Narcissistic leaders can be identified easily as they tend to be hostile, embrace arrogance, and like to dominate over all matters. Currently, this type of leadership has been seen to prevail among most powerful leaders. However, narcissism can exist where there is no specific individual holding the post of a leader (Nohria & Khurana, 2010). In such groupings, there tends to arise some people who perceive themselves as better individuals than others, and thus assume the leadership of the group. However, some narcissist leaders are positive for they possess crucial leadership skills that include charisma and grand vision. In my opinion, this type of leadership style would be suitable to a growing firm or one that had fallen previously. To some extent, a narcissistic leader, through his or her vision, can help to build a stable firm. Moreover, narcissistic people are egoistic, and to sooth their ego, they will do anything within their reach to make sure that the firm performs optimally. These characteristics depict positive narcissistic leaders that can steer a growing business towards growth. For instance, Steve Jobs depicted this type of leadership style and he managed to make Apple Corporation one of the best technological firms in the world today. Narcissism can closely be related to the character trait of the leader or a person’s personality. Scholars have come out to acknowledge that some people are attracted by dominance and confidence portrayed by these leaders, hence choosing them. Some situations call for great visions by a narcissism leader. For instance, when some employees gang to bring down an organization, this leader can stamp his or her authority and settle the issue satisfactorily. On the other hand, narcissistic leaders are likely to bring more harm to an organization than good. One negative aspect of these leaders is that they tend to incline their vision, plans, and actions towards individual psychological needs. In the quest to secure leadership positions, these people will even promote themselves even when not necessary. In addition, their psychological behavior entails trai
Dialogism is a very strong element in metafictional novels. It distinguishes such novels from conventional novels by the use of language which cuts across fictional reality. Going beyond the boundaries of fiction, dialogism tries to establish a reality of facts in fiction. If these facts directly come from history, such novels are called historiographic metafictional novels. After the Bhaktin novel’s dialogic properties have undergone great changes. This paper takes a look at Wayne Johnston’s The Colony of Unrequited Dreams in order to examine the use of dialogism in it. Before that a brief reference to dialogism is imperative. Metafictional novels try to cross the fictional boundaries and embrace every other possible area if the facts derived from such sources can enrich them. Therefore, they take events and ideas from memoirs, journals, histories, legal records, diaries, journalism, etc. The result is that the novel gets a variety of speakers representing different areas of human activities. The conflicting languages and voices thus meeting in the novel add an element of truth to fiction. In metafictional novels, whatever is created is also criticized. Breaking all boundaries, narration tends to move from interpretation to deconstruction. The world has become more complicated and insecure. The novel, therefore, needs a matching way of representing it. If Wayne Johnston’s novel is viewed in this light, it can be seen that it has all the qualities of historiographic metafiction. The central character in The Colony of Unrequited Dreams is Joe Smallwood, the first Prime Minister of Newfoundland. His fictional friend, Sheilagh Fielding, is a newspaper columnist with a keen taste for satire. They meet as small school children and become lifelong friends. Her columns and personal diaries are filled with the account of Smallwood. There cannot be a better person, Johnston knows, who can represent the aspirations of Newfoundland than Smallwood. He is the champion of the poor and the working class. Sir Richard Squire tells Smallwood that he is “not an artist, you’re not a scientist, you’re not an intellectual. All that’s left to you is politics” [p. 270]. Through Smallwood, the greatest historical figure of Newfoundland, Johnston is able to achieve the essential requirement for writing his metafiction. The novel informs the reader about Smallwood and the novel gets information continually from historical sources. It also gets a chance to challenge some of the facts given by the historians. In the process of it, some events are even recast. Pained with a sense of his own insignificance, Joe says, “It seemed to me that unless I did something that historians thought was worth recording, it would be as if I had never lived, that all the histor
Introduction One of the principles of the economic system is the interaction of a large number of finite and cyclic monetary processes. This fundamental rule also applies to the financial transaction sector. According to Sullivan (n.d.), “analyzing these activities can help you find ways to improve your collection procedures and increase cash flow” (para. 1). The purpose of this paper is to identify the main monetary functioning principles of three primary financial cycles and the essence of Entity-Relationship Diagram. Three Fundamental Types of Cash Cycle Economists in general and accountants, in particular, consider revenue, conversion, and expenditure cash stages as principal. According to Sullivan (n.d.), the revenue cycle includes assay of manufacturing costs, accounts receivable, registration and transfer of cash deposits, and payment of a bill in the end. Hayes (2019) explained conversion activities as a system divided into periods: days of sales of inventory and sales outstanding when a profit occurs, and days payables outstanding associated with planned costs. Nestor-Harper (n.d.) noted that the expenditure stage consists of analysis and order of necessary consumable materials, assessment and execution of papers of the delivered items, its proper disposal and payment. Depending on the business sector and customer requests, required procedures may vary. The Meaning of Entity-Relationship Diagram The complication and increase in the number of business models and methods of economic calculation are directly related to the development of computers and high technologies. For example, Rouse (n.d.) described the Entity-Relationship Diagram as a system that analyzes the mutual influence between humans and all surrounding aspects, which later serves as a basis for a database of business events. This model allows accountants to study the small details and make an overall p