ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Gifted education has significantly improved learning not only in highly able students, but also in regular students. In the last few years, several modern teaching methods have been developed and used in classrooms. Teaching methods such as project work, providing meaningful choices for students, self-directed learning, literature-based reading and problem-based curriculum were developed to cater for gifted education. Empirical studies show that gifted children work well within a well prepared learning environment. Thus, Montessori education is based on the concept of learning in a well prepared environment. In this context, the learning environment should enable students to learn by exploring and engaging in different learning experiences. This paper attempts to analyze the extent to which an authentic Montessori environment is compatible with the learning needs of gifted students. In the late twentieth century, most scholars believed that intelligence and academic talent were mainly determined by the student’s genetic makeup. Furthermore, giftedness was considered to be hereditary and determined by an individual’s genes. During this period, environmental factors were considered to have little or no effects on the performance of students. This conclusion was based on the following observations. To begin with, early childhood education hardly succeeded in achieving its objectives. Government statistic on education showed a high dropout rate in high schools and a reduction in the number of students who graduated with math and science degrees. Finally, women showed little or no interest in pursuing math or any science majors. Recent studies in psychology, genetics and neuroscience have confirmed that genetic makeup is not the sole determinant of high IQ. It is apparent that the current lot of students has a higher IQ than students who went to school in the last ten to twenty years. Consequently, scientists have realized that a well prepared environment plays an important role in the learning process. In a nutshell, the right teaching intervention can be used effectively in a well prepared learning environment in order to improve students’ performance. For example, incorporating modern technology in the learning environment can significantly improve learning outcomes. Additionally, learning outcomes are influenced by the students’ economic background. A gifted student can be easily identified by assessing his or her learning abilities. In general, a student is considered to be gifted if he possesses the following characteristics:   * Is capable of learning new materials faster and at an early age than his peers   * Remembers what has been learned without any revisions   * Is able to deal with concepts that are very complex   * Shows interest in one or more topics   * Does not need to watch the teacher or hear what is being said and can operate with multiple
International trade entails the conduct of business by all countries in a similar platform with no preference for the mutual benefit of all players. In this regard, the relevant bodies regulate all players ensuring the proper handling of all the factors of production. The entrepreneurship factor, which plays crucial role in the process, requires proper management or regulation to achieve the desired outcome. Similarly, the labor, which is the human asset employed in the realization of this output of cooperation, will necessitate the international bodies to observe and regulate all the players in the international trade. Regardless of how the imposed conditions could be punitive or lenient, all countries must comply. This leads to realization of the desired outcome in the long run (Belkaoui 7). The main players of international trade would consider in this case the role of labor standards towards the trade enhanced by globalization. Labor standards are crucial element, which dictates the convenience of trade by globalization. Labor standards refer to the codes of conduct, which guide in defining the means of regulating how employees are treated. Some of the critical elements that the labor standards seek to address include age, working conditions, number of hours per day, gender equity, and remuneration. Most of these components of labor standards have been address considerably in the developed countries. However, concerning the developing countries, multiple gaps exist that require sealing in order to realize labor standards effectiveness (Fransen 21). The inclusion of the need to enforce labor standards in the international trade policies will be magnificent. This implies that the policy subjects all countries to the same platform. Therefore, crucial production factors, which play major roles, require consideration. Similarly, the policy will seek to address equity and the improvement of employees’ living standards in the poorer countries. This is because multinational firms across the nations of their investments should regard all employees as equal and subject them to equal working conditions. Although there might be variations in the employees’ aggressiveness from one geographical point to the other, it is essential to maintain the same standards. The existence of the International labor organization (ILO) plays a critical role in setting the labor standards. This organization formulates universal labor standards that any country, which engages in international trade, must adopt. With the difference in the governance and geographical location of various countries, it will be appropriate for countries to set up individual labor standards in relation to the international labor standards (Siebert 15). This form of initiative will guide the poorer countries in the realization of equity and higher standards of employee treatment. As a result, the employees will be uniform universally and this will encourage labor mobility. The fact that employees
Overview The Sports Report Information System (TSRIS) is an automated information system built on a relational database. Therefore, information in the system is stored in structures called relations (or tables), which are basically grids of rows known as records (or tuples) and columns known as fields (Garcia_Molina et al, 2000, 2 ). The relational database system drives the automation of the system though the use of special software for designing and implementing relational databases known as Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). The Sports Report Information System (TSRIS) is designed for the AllSports Sport Club specifically with the goal of ensuring that the club’s newsletter is prepared and distributed in time, information access is done with efficiency and present the club’s president with reports on members who have not edited the club’s newsletter. Thus, the statement of purpose for the relational database is “The AllSports Sport Club relational database holds information on the club’s members, activities and newsletters. It will be used for AllSports Sport Club data entry and generation of the club’s useful reports.” There are eight main relations in the AllSports Sport Club relational database, namely, Member, Member Contact, Sport Activity, Newsletter, Article, Advert, Advertiser and Advertiser Contact. These relations are normalized to the third normal form thus their do not exhibit repeating groups, functional dependencies and transitive dependencies (Mendes, n.d, 1). The normalization to this extent is
Introduction: Communication and Conflicts in the UAE Communicational issues are nothing to be afraid of. The conflicts emerging in the course of communication can be used to find a common language in the process of solving them. However, conflicts caused by ignorance of the cultural specifics of a particular nation are most likely to lead to serious misunderstandings. Since the business and cultural links established between the UAE and other states are crucial for the process of the states’ development, it is highly required that the root causes of intercultural and intracultural conflicts in the UAE should be researched and that the ways to solve these conflicts productively should be provided. Cultural Differences in Communication: Concerning the Beliefs, Values and Norms Speaking of beliefs, one must keep in mind that in the UAE, the official religion is Islam (Riel, n. d.). As for values, they are not that different from the European or American ones. A person’s life is a priority; however, it is essential to add that women in the UAE have considerably fewer freedoms than European and American women. Hence a number of norms of behavior and conduct in the UAE stem. It is crucial to remember that the dwellers of the UAE are extremely conservative in their traditions and are very reluctant to change the traditional behavioral patterns (Sahai, 2008, 68). As a result, the patriarchal regime remains dominant in the UAE even nowadays. The Acceptable Social Practices: Communication in the UAE at Its Best According to what researches say, the UAE employees prefer to abstain from close relationships with their European colleagues, restricting the relationships to communication for solely the needs of the company and the production process. As the research conducted by Willemyns, Hosie and Lehaney says, the given phenomenon can be predetermined by the specifics of the communication within a group: “An interactant may emphasize his or her accent or dialect to signal that he or she belongs to a similar social class as the other interactant” (Willemyns, Hosie & Lehaney, 2011, 248). Cultural Taxonomies and the Related Biases: What Deserves Being Taken a Proper Care of It is also important to take into account the cultural taxonomies of the UAE society. Although the classification provided below cannot embrace the entire range of the UAE population, it is still important to keep in mind the basic cultural and ethnical groups that are located in the UAE, as well as the specifics of their communication manner. According to the existing evidence, the UAE business society can be split into the following groups: a) nationals (employees, public sector); b) nationals (employers, public sector); c) immigrants (employees, private sector); d) immigrants (employers, private sector); e) migrant workers (employees, public and private sector). It is worth mentioning, however, that the given taxonomy is comparatively recent; therefore, some of the calculations are rather approximate. Anyway, as one can observe in the provided table, the pop
Introduction Egypt is a country mainly famous for ancient pyramids and sphinx. The country’s tourism industry contributes a substantial amount to its GDP. Lately, the nation has been experiencing mounting catastrophes, security lapses and the escalating cost of living. On top of all these factors, there is the upheaval in its tourism industry that the nation is facing. It is estimated that on an annual basis, the tourism industry of Egypt offers almost three million employment opportunities. Twenty per cent of the nation’s foreign currency is earned from this industry. Another fact is that not less than 70 production units within the nation benefit from it. In the event of downfall in the magnitude of tourists, the foreign currency inflow has been substantially hampered that has cast a great impact on the Egyptian pound (Fahim 2013). As a result of the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak (October 14, 1981, to February 11, 2011), there was a massive turmoil within the nation. As a result, the tourism industry plunged to an all-time low show. It is understood that the nation is starting to recuperate. Still, the foreign currency inflow is very less since most of the present tourists go for the beaches instead of visiting the cultural sites (that earn more foreign currency). The hospitality sector (hotels) is the most affected; figures show that the occupancy in hotels has dropped by 15% (Fahim 2013). Research rationale Excellence in the hospitality business requires unhindered and excellent service to customers as per the requisite standards. In the ensuing years, this particular necessity will augment to become a challenging and sustaining factor at a global level. Various tools have been designed for this purpose that hotel managers and other staff members can use to perform better and impress their customers. For the customer (hotel guest) the main important factors are good and clean room, nice and tasty food, a great ambience, and above all, excellent response from the staff (Kapiki 2012). It is ironical to note that recent acts of violence in Egypt have changed the perspective of hospitality management. Now, the customers would expect fool-proof security for themselves from the hotel that they are staying. The hotels might have to employ extra staff and purchase new security devices for this purpose. This will increase their costs and decrease their profit margins. When terrorist activities are focussed on the tourism industry of a country (that is dependent on tourism to a great extent) the aftermath can b
Consumer behavior reflects the totality of the decisions made by consumers with regard to the acquisition, consumption, and disposition of services, goods, experiences, activities, people and ideas. The meaning of consumer behavior is more than just the manner in which people buy tangible products such as clothes and automobiles. It entails the use of services, experiences, ideas, and activities by the consumers. Moreover, consumers make decisions about people, like voting for particular politicians and deciding to read a book written by a particular author (Hoyer, 2008). Another aspect of consumer behavior involves choices made by consumers with regard to the manner in which they spend time, such as going for a trip or using time in a manner that portrays who they really are. Consumers prefer doing different things since their tastes and preferences vary. In summary, consumer behavior refers to the study of consumer buying practices. People who go shopping do not necessarily buy the product in the end. They go through various stages before they decide to buy products available in the market. They are influenced by various factors among them social, cultural, psychological or personal. The definition of consumer behavior is closely related to the subject of consumer behavior marketing. For example, marketers who record increased sales first understand the buying patterns and behaviors of their consumers. It is crucial for them to understand what drives their consumers to buy or not to buy certain products. The 4 Ps in consumer behavior marketing represent product, price, promotion, and place. These are important factors that influence the purchasing decisions of the consumers. Recently, I went to purchase a Macbook computer in a reputable computer company where my purchasing decision was influenced by the 4 Ps. The first P that influenced my decision was the product. A product is something offered by a company to meet the needs of the consumers. It can either be tangible or a service. The computer company had stocked different brands of computers which offered me a wide range of choice. After doing a careful selection process, I eventually picked the type of computer I was looking for. I compared it with others I had seen in other companies and I could see the difference. I was looking for the type of computer that could serve me in the best way possible. In addition, my preference for a certain color influenced my decision to purchase it. The computer company had taken some time to find out the exact qualities that consumers looked for in computers. Business organizations that carry out intensive research on the kind of products that their consumers prefer are able to attract and retain more customers. Finding the Macbook computer that I was looking for influenced my decision to purchase it since it had all the qualities I preferred. I would not have been convinced to purchase it if it was of poor quality. The second P that influenced my decision to purchase the Macbook computer I was looking for was its price. Different business organizations offer different prices for their p
The modern world claims to be very sophisticated, empowered by the wisdom and experience of generations and multiple ways to address all possible conflicts and issues. Even though our society is filled with scientists and scholars, who study every aspect of our life daily, make achievements, create discoveries and inventions, draw conclusions and work out new strategies, out world is still undergoing dozens of unwanted problems that seem to be unpredictable for the scientists and researchers. There is an opinion that some of these conflicts are being artificially created and enforced by various parties in order to achieve more influence or to pursue some personal interests. There also is a version that the unwanted problems tend to occur in our society due to the lack of knowledge or some systematical mistakes, which the scientists still do not know how to identify. One of the most important issues of the contemporary society is the growing gap between the social classes. This tendency has already been called a serious problem that may bring multiple negative results in the near future. The movie called “The Hunger Games” is based on the three novels written by Suzanne Collins. It is a well known fact that the movie presents a story about a violent and cruel game young people from poor districts are forced to play in order to entertain the upper classes. In the beginning it seems that the main focus of the movie and the books is the game and surviving of the players, but actually, the basis and the causes of this brutal game lay in the confrontation between the classes of the society. There are twelve of poor districts, where people are being neglected, where they starve and live in poverty, and there is another part of the society, the rich people living in luxury, the people, who are so bored that they ran out of entertainments and came up with the idea of Hunger Games. Social conflict in the story of “The Hunger Games” represents the issue that every country of our world has to face these days. This is the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor. In “The Hunger Games” this issue was taken to the extreme and the rich class is dominant in a cruel way, it oppresses the poor people, owns them and decides whose lives to take and when. Gwartney, Patricia, A., Lynne Fessenden and Gayle Landt. “Measuring the Long- Term Impact of a Community Conflict Resolution
Introduction Many modern organisations in the United Kingdom can be discussed as gendered because of the accentuation of gender roles and positions in an occupational setting. The problem is that, in spite of the prohibition of discriminatory policies in companies, workplaces in many UK organisations remain to be male-dominated (Acker 1990). This situation is typical of the Western world despite all the actions taken to promote highly skilled female workers and address the problem of their hidden discrimination and gender inequality observed in companies. As a result of the fact that most organisations are gendered, women become deprived of opportunities to be successfully promoted in spite of their experience, knowledge and skills. This situation is typical of different UK sectors, including the engineering sector where leader posts and most managerial positions are occupied by men (Fernando, Cohen & Duberley 2019). This fact creates the need for examining how organisations can facilitate the career advancement of women in male-dominated occupational settings. Although many workplaces and leading posts remain to be occupied by men, organisations can effectively promote highly skilled women through diversity management, specific work-life practices and various inclusion policies. Focus on the Engineering Sector The promotion of women in UK organisations is the topic of researchers’ debates. Attention is paid to examining the specifics of facilitating career advancement of females in male-dominated environments. The sector of engineering is challenging in this context because most positions, not only leading ones, are taken by males, and female engineering specialists experience certain barriers to their career development and promotion. According to Fernando, Cohen and Duberley (2018), about 40% of women who have the engineering degree choose to leave their profession because of unfriendly workplace climates, gender prejudice and the lack of attractive opportunities for career advancement. According to the data of 2017, 11% of engineers in UK companies were female in comparison to 9% observed in 2015 (Peers 2018, p. 2). However, the percentage of female engineers in the United Kingdom is the lowest one in comparison to other European countries in spite of the fact that the attraction and retention of women in this sphere can “add as much as $28 trillion to annual GDP in 2025” (Peers 2018, p. 3). Diversity in the engineering sector is desired by HR managers to improve performance and productivity. Women’s Experiences at Work and Their Career Development Women’s subjective negative experiences in male-dominated occupational settings are usually associated with specific factors that should be viewed as prevailing in certain industries. Thus, in the engineering sector, these factors include enculturation, sexualised visibility and stereotyping regarding women’s incompetence. In this context, enculturation can be viewed as one of the most frequently discussed factors and challenges for f