ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The social and cultural standards of sanity have significantly transformed in the twentieth century. To a great extent, this change can be explained by significant shifts in public opinion. It should be kept in mind that dominant stereotypes about normality and abnormality often contributed to the marginalization of many people who could easily be labeled as sociopaths or mentally deranged. This is one of the themes that attracted the attention of many writers. This paper is aimed at discussing such books as the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey and Susanna Kaysen’s memoir Girl, Interrupted. They are useful because they illustrate the experiences of people who have to stay in a mental hospital. The main characters do not believe that they need the assistance of psychiatrists. In their opinion, they are not mentally impaired. The protagonists do not understand why they have to controlled or confined in any way. However, these people are forced to believe that they are abnormal. This is one of the details that can be identified. On the whole, these literary works show that a person who does not fully conform to existing norms of behavior can eventually be labeled as insane by medical professionals. This is the main thesis that should be elaborated in this essay. Moreover, it is important to speak about such character traits as honesty, self-doubt, and disregard for authority because by displaying these qualities, an individual eventually becomes alienated from society. Furthermore, he/she may be regarded as mentally unstable or deranged. Therefore, the main subtopics should be related to these three qualities that are not tolerated by the majority. These are the main issues that should be discussed more closely. At first, one should mention that the honest expression of one’s feelings, thoughts, or emotions can be confused with abnormality by medical professionals. To a great extent, this theme is explored by Susanna Kaysen. It is possible to identify three important aspects that are related to honesty. First, this author shows that openness can be viewed as a symptom of some mental disorder. Secondly, this writer demonstrates that medical workers are suspicious of people who admit their irrational or self-destructive behavior. Finally, this literary work shows how to open disagreement with established rules leads to the marginalization of a person. These points can be illustrated with the help of various textual examples. For instance, in the beginning, the protagonist admits that she needs rest, and the psychiatrist immediately concludes that she should be hospitalized (Kaysen 8). Moreover, Susan points out that the doctor “looked triumphant” when he managed to make her stay in the hospital
This paper will discuss whether organizations are gender neutral. First, it will begin by giving simple definitions of gender and gender processes in organizations. A discussion of why organizations are not gender neutral will then follow. This discussion will be supported by an argument that organizations are largely dominated by masculine ideals. Finally, it will discuss whether organizations should be gender neutral. Gender is a notion separating male and female characteristics and ideals. It is founded on the premise that men and women think and behave differently. On its extreme end, it produces stereotypes. Roles and duties are assigned based on gender. According to Acker (2011) distinction of masculine and feminine roles usually disadvantages women as they are relegated to second position. On the other hand, gender processes are practices and activities that reflect the distinction between men and women. Gender neutrality in organizations is difficult to achieve due to a number of reasons. Acker (2011) contends that gender divisions are often masked by processes that were intended to be neutral. This implies that organizations may have the will to become gender neutral but due to forces beyond their control they continue to be gendered. For example, an organization may design a job with a neutral job description and still end up with an employee who fits a certain stereotyped expectation. Managers and those charged with the responsibility of filling the position may be influenced by their prejudice to pick certain applicants because of gender. In addition, gender neutral jobs and roles are often far removed from reality. Employees may perceive certain jobs from a gendered perspective thus compounding the problem. Employees who accept certain jobs that are expected to be taken by the opposite gender may be treated differently by colleagues. Management positions are- dominated by men. Majority of the information we have on leadership was obtained from researches that included predominantly male study populations. This has led to a situation in which certain qualities sought by management are masculine in nature. This has resulted in inadvertent subordination of women who must learn to function like men if they are to succeed. Gender neutrality may not be achieved if such qualities are retained as they reflect the ideas and feelings of a single gender. In contrast, Wilson (1996) thinks that organizations should be gendered. She argues that organizational theory has consistently ignored the importance of gender in organizations. The perception that men and women work differently should be investigated further as there is no sufficient research data to support this argument. The differences should be put in the right context. Wilson points out that emphasis should be put on similarities rather than on differences. She argues that men and women should be studied and treated equally. This may lead to a better understanding of how organizations can be structured so that women and minority groups are not subordinated. Her observations are largely accurate. Men and women may perceive th
Effective Use of Musical Materials for Instrumental Music Teaching A teacher faces a profound challenge in the determination of the main approaches to utilize in coaching students about instrumental music. In this case, it is essential to address the issue of necessary materials to use for training to enhance effective learning, efficient flow, and engagement between the instructor and the partisans. According to Julia et al. (2020), factors influencing an educator include motivation level, training methods, incorporation of tools during lessons, the building of communication through social media networks, and activation in scientific forums. The theoretical framework that fosters the affirmation of productive academics and acquisition of skills enshrine the optimal use of dynamic materials that empower both entities. Instrumental music studies are a multifaceted phenomenon that demands proficiency and the ultimate utilization of materials that ensure the efficacious attain of expertise among scholars. Over the decades, instrumental music has played a significant role in the composition of songs the meaning and relevance to the dynamic communities. In this case, it is crucial for a teacher to ensure effectiveness in the learning process to boost the expertise among students. Simones (2019) argues that a trainer’s behavior is a reflection of the cognitive level and emotional intelligence hence the prominence in addressing the main issue of fostering effectiveness in the scholarly activity. On the one hand, it is crucial for the instructor to show proficiency while coaching the students. On the other hand, the counterparts show coordination based on the form of practice used during the sessions. Musical performance and learning is a phenomenon that requires the integral use of dynamic approaches to ensure the optimal delivery and entertainment among the audience. Concina (2019) stipulates that the factor that drives the efficiency among the artists in the industry encompasses proficiency in the use of metacognition. It is a multifaceted phenomenon that enshrines the interplay of strategy, cognitive, motivational, and emotional. Professionalism in the music industry demands the integral use of all the variables of metacognition to efficiently deliver to people and attain popularity. However, Concina (2019) further depicts that the key factor towards promoting effective training among individuals involves the exploitation of the metacognitive aspects among the teachers while steering the relationship with the students. In this case, both parties efficiently exchange knowledge, skills, and expertise within the creation of songs and the management of shows. Instrumentation music is an expression of emotions and feelings within a song hence the importance of assessing the factors that foster the effective learning of the skills. In research by Meissner and Timmers (2019), it is
Executive Summary Water remains a very essential resource in human life. Water has been used for agricultural purposes to supplement the natural rains, for a long time. Many parts across the world have reported water shortages, which is partly a consequence of changing environmental conditions. Water demands have risen sharply in some areas around the world because of rising population and environmental problems such as lack of rains, which have led to the drying up of water channels. Water purification is becoming an essential practice as many more people (more than a quarter of the world’s population) continue to suffer from “inadequate fresh water supply” (Saggie et al.; Leblanc & Andrew, 249). Water purification and other management options have played a key role in the alleviating of water shortages and the associated problems. Yet in the wake of many options of water purification systems, there is need to identify the most efficient and the most cost efficient among the many. In addition, not all systems can be employed anywhere, first because they differ in application and procedure, and secondly, some will be suited in specific areas because of the available resources that present the make them more viable options. The efficiency and applicability of the method of purification is an important consideration every time such a project is being desired. More importantly, pure water is necessary in animal life in order to avoid the water borne diseases. The applicability of Solar- Powered Desalination system as a method of water purification has been tried for water because of the opportunity it present to save cost and improve on efficiency of desalination. Moreover, because the method makes use of solar energy, it would be best fitted in areas where there is stable solar power. Such places include Saudi Arabia and other parts of the Middle East. The Middle East is part of the arid areas that have been suffering from water shortages because of the changing weather conditions across the globe (Leblanc & Andrew, 249). Introduction Shortage of water has necessitated the exploration of techniques needed to utilize the scarcely available water resource. Increased demand for water in the whole world has been caused a number of factors, among them rise in population and destruction of existing water sources. Particularly, the demand of water in Saudi Arabia was expected to reach “3000 million m³/year by the year 2010” (Water technology). The increased shortage for water would cause serious trouble as people fight over the available limited water resources. These calls for innovative techniques that will help alleviate the water shortage, in addition to boosting the efficiency and reducing the cost of the existing methods. Water desalination techniques have been employed in Saudi Arabia following indications of “chronic water shortage” and rising population (Water technology). This paper explores the application of Solar- Powered Desalination method and how it can be successfully employed in Saud
Introduction Creating an environment that contributes to patients’ faster recovery is a crucial responsibility of a nurse. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to engage in the process of promoting the quality of care (Lavin, Harper, & Barr, 2015). Thus, a nurse must play several roles to meet the required high standards of care and make sure that patients are safe. For this purpose, a nurse must assume three key roles, i.e., the one of a communicator, and educator, and a mediator to encourage the further dialogue between a nurse and a patient, promote patient agency actively, and focus on introducing innovative solutions into the environment of the contemporary healthcare. Educator, Communicator, and Safety Manager Encouraging patients to acquire the relevant skills and knowledge is an essential responsibility of a nurse. A patient needs to be able to identify primary symptoms of a particular health issue, determine the available resources, and address a healthcare expert to be provided with the necessary assistance. The role of a nurse is, therefore, to shed light on the specified issues and encourage a patient to develop independence in their process of learning (Carayon et al., 2014). Apart from enhancing the process of patient education, a nurse must also consider focusing on the means of improving the process of communication between a nurse and a patient. Giving a chance to reduce the threat of a misunderstanding or misinterpretations of the provided information, as well as delivering the services of the finest quality, efficient communication between a nurse and a patient must be listed among the top priorities of a nurse (Hall, Johnson, Watt, Tsipa, & O’Connor, 2016). Finally, one must keep in mind that direct supervision is also essential for the safety of patients. Therefore, a nurse must be able to define the extent to which a patient’s independence can stretch, as well as the areas in which a patient will require assistance. The levels of the patient agency must increase with th
Introduction ‘Tires and Tubes’ used to be a successful company selling quality car tires and tubes, with a history of satisfied customers and good sales. Recently, however, during the annual audit of the company it was discovered that soon after the retirement of the general manager there was a sharp drop in sales, and the number of satisfied customers is going down. Old clients of the business have moved on to better options. MR. X, who is the General Manager of the company, has been here only for four months. He is under tremendous pressure from stakeholders who want him to pick up sales and do something for the betterment of the company. Mr. X has hired an external business consultant in his desperation in order for him to look into the problems that the organization is currently facing. After a thorough analysis of the structure, the following was discovered. Statement of the problem Internally, the employees of the organization don’t seem to have the motivation that previously existed. People don’t trust the new manager and have a cold attitude towards him. Further, the economic crisis is making them feel that they may also be laid off sooner or later since most employees have been hearing about other organizations firing their workers to save their businesses. The feeling of insecurity and the barrier that exists between them and the new manager is a disaster in the making. The consultant’s report also states that a major part of the business is being lost because of the se
The study area is Woodside, Zip code- 11377, a residential and commercial neighborhood in Queens borough in New York City. According to Wilensky and Akpan (2021), Corona Virus cases in Woodside from November 6 to November 12 are as follows: there were 1.5% positive cases, whereby among the 2600 people tested, 39 of them tested positive. The November 14, 2021, statistics show that the proportions of residents of all ages in Woodside who have received vaccines against COVID-19 include 84% (fully vaccinated) and 89% (partially vaccinated). Herd immunity refers to the hindrance to the spread of diseases following high immunity to an infectious disease. Herd immunity occurs when the proportion of the people capable of getting a disease is less than the population immune to the disease. Therefore, the community transmission level in Queens County is substantial and positive cases are 1.74% (D’Souza and Dowdy, 2021). The county is far from the herd immunity level since the rate of COVID-19 spread is high compared to the proportion of the population immune to the disease. Today’s current concern is genomic testing and tracking to reach herd immunity. The variant is racing ahead; hence, the nation is in reactive mode. According to White (2021), being behind the virus following administration disagreements limits our ability to achieve herd immunity. However, a lack of a strategic plan results in poor approaches to ending the pandemic. The freedom of choosing whether to be vaccinated hinders the na
Abstract There has been a need to create bremsstrahlung radiation to facilitate the energy world with much more important radiation. The bremsstrahlung radiation is achieved through the loss of already energized electrons occurring in a high electron field. Due to its function in radiological technology, the paper investigates bremsstrahlung’s existence occurring in a medium. This paper analyses the radiation’s impact, its operational mechanisms, types of commonly used radiations, and their application. The paper discovered that bremsstrahlung and other radiations occur in a high megaelectronvolt field. Some of the general applications of radiations are that they are important for treatment and screening. The paper is theoretical, in that the explanation therein is done in accordance with the already available research. That means the paper is not an empirical experiment but outlines the main aspects of bremsstrahlung and other radiations exhaustively. Introduction A process that creates a dominant electromagnetic event generates an interaction between highly energized electron beams, and the matter is known as bremsstrahlung. In plasma, the bremsstrahlung occurs as a response of energized electrons acting in a ubiquitous modus. The bremsstrahlung emission occurs sufficiently at a high field of electron energy at approximately a hundred megaelectronvolts (Embréus et al., 2016). The dogma is that the high megaelectronvolts trigger an intense electron collision that happens due to ubiquitous progression, causing the energized electrons to create bremsstrahlung. Bremsstrahlung is a form of energy released by energized electrons and is important (Embréus et al., 2016). The bremsstrahlung affects the electrons occurring at lower energies, such as the ion species filled with plasma. The laboratory and space aspects have runway mechanisms that offer energized electrons the chance to engage in this effective electron accelerated system. The formation of bremsstrahlung is highly sensitive to the extent that, at times, fractions of particles that are highly charged disengage from the larger population. The detached particles accelerate to higher energies that result in the imperative radioactive losses known as bremsstrahlung. Understanding the bremsstrahlung of electrons in the medium is impactful and has a specific operational mechanism that causes various radiation types to occur for a particular application. The Radiation Impacts and Uses Biological Impact and Uses Since it is a form of energy, radiation is impactful to the current life. Unfortunately, when used in a larger a
The article titled Media in Development Communication was written by Payel Sen Choudhury, a lecturer in the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication at the New Alipore College in Kolkata, India. It was published in the India Edition of the Global Media Journal in 2011 (Choudhury 2011). The article’s specializes in the area of development communication. The author intended to illustrate that the media can help improve the quality of life in any given society. He then sets out to argue that even with this kind of strength India has been left behind because the poor citizens have little access to the kind of technological systems for accessing of development-centered communication channels. In the article, the author seeks to provide an explanation of the role the media plays in development communication. For this purpose, the author first provides explains that communication plays a critical role in development. He describes this purpose as development communication. Choudhury explains that the roles that development communication plays can be divided into two primary categories: transforming and socializing. Development communication plays a transformation role by promoting social change in a way that will improve the quality of life. As far as socialization is concerned, the author posits that development communication helps create an environment that encourages society to embrace change. In subsequent paragraphs we learn that the media plays a critical role in development communication through the provision of a platform for the evaluation of issues as well as creating a conduit for the circulation of information. From the reading, we also learn that changes in technology have played a critical role in furthering the purpose of the media as a means of fostering development communication. The author explains that the advent of the internet has made it easier for government agencies and private establishments to communicate the message of development to members of public. Reference Choudhury, P 2011, ‘Media in Development Communication’ ,