ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The topic selected for the research is the critical analysis of the roles of nurse navigators, clinical nurse leaders, and leaders in patient-centered care. The said topic is important for several reasons. First, the developments in the field of nursing in recent decades have created a respective expansion of the roles and responsibilities pertinent to nurses. At this point, it is important to understand that such an outcome is an inevitable side effect of the evolution that the concept of nursing currently undergoes. However, it is also important to recognize the undesirable effects associated with the phenomenon, such as the lack of recognition of responsibilities within specific areas, conflicts of interests, and, by extension, the decline in both individual and organizational performance (McInnes, Peters, Bonney, & Halcomb, 2015). Therefore, the issue is not to be ignored since its resolution can be beneficial on the organizational scale as well as for individual stakeholders. Leadership and Management Second, the concept of leadership, which has garnered recognition as a cornerstone of the organizational development process, continues to be misunderstood and misused by some of its proponents. In the current situation, several roles that incorporate leadership as one of the primary aspects of the employees’ activities have been introduced into the nursing field. In the current form, some of the characteristic features of these roles interconnect or overlap while others are understandably different. Combined with the inherent complexity of the nursing profession, such a situation will likely contribute to confusion at the administrative and managerial levels. Also, it is possible to anticipate a certain amount of misattribution of the responsibilities both on the part of the practitioners and their colleagues, further undermining the efficiency of the innovation in question. The first of the roles identified as requiring additional insight is that of the nurse navigator. According to the consensus, the role is intended to offer guidance to the patients and assist them in the healthcare process. Such an approach is justified considering the growing complexity of the healthcare system which becomes less approachable to an unprepared person. Simultaneously, the existing knowledge in support of the benefits of patient involvement makes it reasonable to expect the trend to continue in the identified direction (Brett et al., 2014). Simply put, a nursing navigator in its current form will grow in both demand and significance in the short term. The second role is that of a clinical nurse leader. The increasing demand for the quality of care has created a need for consistent improvement of nursing proficiencies and skills, which has been addressed by the introduction of clinical nurse educators. However, the ongoing shortcomings in the safety of health care have identified the need for workers who could facilitate leadership at the point
Introduction: Ethical Perspectives Though being labeled as the organization producing a generally family-friendly content, Walt Disney Company has already faced accusations for a range of ethically challenging decisions. The infamous shallowness of some of the values that the organization promotes has made it the prime example of a corporate sellout. However, when it comes to considering the company as a global enterprise, the conflicts with the religious members of the Disney audience deserve to be mentioned first. Moreover, the company has been blamed for promoting the support of the LGBT movement by creating the movies that incorporate supposedly homosexual innuendoes. Despite the fact that the organization should not eliminate the associations with the aforementioned cultures, it still needs to locate the methods for resolving the conflict in question. Cultures Involved: Analysis While the controversy that the coexistence of the Miramax Studios and the Disney Studios creates can be defined as the main source of the conflict, it is the clash of the Christian culture and the so-called unconventional culture of the Miramax production that draws a wide response among the parties concerned. Indeed, according to the existing evidence, the elements that the underground subculture of Miramax incorporates into its movies, are on the opposite side of the spectrum from the traditional Christian values. For instance, the elements of violence, which inevitably work their way into any specimen of the Miramax production, lie in direct opposition to the Christian principles of love and kindness: “Some religious groups believe that the subsidiaries should confine themselves to child and family themes and not cover controversial topics, like sexual orientation, tensions within religious denominations, and other mature topics” (Boycott of Walt Disney, 2000). In addition, the fact that the company nearly openly supports the gay culture makes it very vulnerable to a range of religious organizations, who claim that the company’s production is “’very evil’ and denounced Disney as ‘one of the most pro-homosexual organisations in the country’” (Disney’s Frozen is ‘very evil’ gay propaganda, says Christian pastor, 2014). While the collaboration with the Miramax Studio has definitely left a mark on the otherwise spotless reputation of the organization, the recent tendency for the Disney Company to show the support for the LGBT movement is clearly a source o
Introduction Quality is an essential concept in healthcare practice. Farmer, Black, and Bonow (2013) argue that “quality healthcare is the ability to offer the right care for the right client and at the right time” (p. 349). Experts have been identifying new frameworks and strategies to measure quality in medical practice. When quality is measured in healthcare, it can become easier for practitioners and stakeholders to identify new processes that can maximize patient outcomes. The discussion will examine the challenges associated with the use of outcomes to assess quality. The use of Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) to inform health policy will also be described. Outcomes for Assessing Quality: Challenges Healthcare professionals can use outcomes to measure or assess quality. The approach identifies how a specific patent realizes his or her health needs. However, the use of outcomes as a basis of assessing quality is characterized by various challenges. For example, the inferences from patients’ outcomes are usually hard to make (Farmer et al., 2013). An individual’s health status might differ significantly from that of another client (Das, Hammer, & Sanchez, 2012). Individuals’ risk factors to specific conditions might be ignored by this measure. Sample sizes are critical whenever using outcomes to assess quality. Specific occurrences such as readmissions might indicate the presence of poor care delivery processes. These gaps explain why the process of structure-based approaches can be used to measure quality effectively (Calvo et al., 2013). Despite such challenges, the approach can be embraced because it also delivers a number of advantages that can be used to support the health needs of more citizens. Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) The QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Years) is a scientific measure of the issues surrounding a specific disease and its burden (Das et al., 2012). This generic measure focuses on the quantity and quality of people’s lives. Economists and policymakers can “use the tool to assess the value for money of medical interventions” (Calvo et al., 2013, p. 5272). Farmer et al. (2013) indicate that 1 QALY is usually equivalent to one year in perfect wellbeing or health. This powerful framework can therefore be used to inform health policy. This is the case because the tool presents adequate insights that can guide policymakers whenever making their decisions. Policies focusing on specific interventions or ideas will benefit from the use of the QALY measurement tool. The tool can identify the potential benefits of specific programs or laws in terms of costs. The tool also focuses on specific aspects such as health quality, availability, a
Executive Summary Cash handling and its control, cash flow budgeting, and capital budgeting are routine management processes and tools for running a business efficiently and effectively. Cash is considered susceptive to theft and mismanagement, and therefore its handling process should be theft and embezzlement proof. It is believed that it takes at least two people to embezzle cash. Therefore controls of cash should be so designed that there is segregation of authorization and implementation of cash handling processes. Cash flow budgeting is an estimation of cash receipts and payments for a planned period. Cash budgeting is extremely useful for the purposes of maintaining short term solvency of the entity. Capital budgeting is a decision making process of long term investments. Various methods for evaluating the investments are available, but methods of IRR and net present value have gained creditability as compared to other methods. Introduction The purpose of the study is to examine the importance of regular management tools of cash handling procedures, cash control procedures, cash flow budgeting, and capital budgeting in the day to day business functioning of modern business and other entities. An in-depth study has been undertaken to evaluate the functioning of these management tools. The merits of these tools have been brought to the fore in order to recommend the optimum use of these management tools for modern business functions. The detailed study of each management tool follows: Cash handling procedures Cash includes currency notes, cheques, debit/ credit card transactions, and money orders. Cash can be mismanaged easily. ‘Cash handling procedures’ involve activities like collection of cash, receipting, depositing and withdrawals of cash from bank, and reconciliation of cash. Business operations undertake activities where cash handling is imminent like, handling petty cash, use of floats, and others. The basic principle of cash handling is to maintain accountability at every stage of cash handling. It is the inadequate procedures and lack of accountability that often paves way for misappropriation of cash. Cash handling procedures should ensure that only small amount of cash remains at the disposal of those are responsible to handle the cash. Such limit can be fixed after assessing the cash transactions in the organization during a period under consideration, and any excess above that limit of cash should be deposited with the bank immediately on exceeding the limit.. Upon receiving cheques and remittance advices from customers from mail, a responsible employee should immediately endorse the cheques and prepare a duplicate listing of cheques received called remittance listing. Remittance advices are separated from the cheques in the mailroom and forwarded to the acc
Theories explaining how life should be lived are defied by the addicts, they device their new ways of living which are inconsistent with the societal rules and norms. Drugs change an individual’s ego making him/her to have desires and aspirations different from those of the society (Thiroux 5). The addict develop new desires equivalent to those of other addicts, which act to destabilize the whole society. On the side of duties and obligations, the societal norms stipulate that individuals should be caring to other members of the society especially the children and the old. Able members need to be providing the basic needs to the unable ones such as the sick and elderly. A drug causes the able members to spend all resources on them at the expense of those in need in the society (Warner 1). Every society has its
Skidmore and Smith’s Modern Latin America presents the interpretation of the political, economic, and institutionalization history of the modern society of Latin America. The authors have effectively used their disciplinary knowledge of history in adopting case study scenarios to explain the topical themes relating to the social changes within the Latin American countries over the last 150 years. The text begins with an overview of the pre-historical periods of Columbia with major emphasis on Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Chile, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America as well as Cuba’s socio-cultural conditions of the era (Skidmore & Smith, 2005). The writers’ focus on this transformation is crucial in shaping the governance and economic growth of these nations in the future. This literary piece is well organized into different sections consisting of chapters 1 to 12. It provides an introductory overview of the major social trends across Latin America and further in-depth analysis of the case study scenario of the state of the continent in the pre-colonial era. The study further interprets each situational state of the socio-cultural environment influencing the regions’ transformation. Of the reading’s sections, Chapter 5 presents the most interesting and knowledgeable information throughout the entire book. This part of the textbook presents Brazil as a colony and a socialist state. These paradoxical manifestations of Brazil’s administration as both democratic and dictatorial are, therefore, aimed at providing response to the author’s hypothetical questions “why Latin America?” (Skidmore & Smith, 2005). The case of Brazil further explains the goal of the textbook in explaining the contrasting leadership foundation across the countries within the Latin American regional block. The section of the study further examines the partial involvement of Brazil in protests in gaining their independence from the rule of the Portuguese. The nation is presented as the main center of slavery with the African population deported to Brazil before being transferred to Britain to provide free labor services. Chapter 5 is, therefore, of importance to learn from as
Introduction The purpose of research as per Zain-UL Abideen and Patrick George is to investigate the relationship between television advertisement and consumer behavior, which includes attitudes, emotions and the actual buying behavior. The studies in both reports are longitudinal but in different countries and economies. Zain does his research in Pakistan while Patrick focuses on the U.S. They both come to a conclusion that there is a relationship between television advertisement and the buying behavior of consumers. People tend to buy brands that are appealing to them emotionally. Summary Advertising highly influences the behavior of potential customers. Due to a highly competitive market, companies have adopted various advertising strategies as a way of attracting customers. The aim of business institutions and companies is to ensure that customers get to know about their products and services in the most effective manner so that they can respond positively. Although there are companies that opt to introduce new products as a way of attracting customers, most companies advertise their products to attract more customers (Patrick, Page 15). Advertising is the most effective way of attracting customers since it creates an appealing image and it also entertains consumers. Television advertising is extremely effective when it comes to influencing customer behavior. This paper will focus on the analyses of customer behavior in relation to television advertising. Discussion Television advertising plays a vital role in buying behavior of customers. Being one form of communication, it reaches a wide coverage. Television advertising is both audio and visual and thus it has a lot of impact on customer behavior. The main aim of television advertising is either convincing customers to buy a certain product, informing customers about a new product in the market, or making a product more familiar to the customers (Zain-UL-Abideen,Page 67). Television advertising influences the awareness, buying behavior and the attitude of prospective customer. Television advertising is crucial in providing the customer with information that creates a better market, which is accompanied by an appealing image amongst prospect buyers so that they easily make effective decisions regarding whether to buy the product or not. Television advertising also highly alters the feelings and attitudes towards a product and it also affects their buying behaviors especially because it visually provides the primary information about a product. There are various processes that are involved when a customer is making the decision of buying a product or not. The steps include identification of a problem, search for the necessary information, making an informed decision on the choices available, making a final decision and finally purchase of the product
The book Autobiography of a Geisha by Sayo Masuda depicts life experience of a geisha in the mid-century Japan. The author underlines that the prosperity that came to Japan with the World War created a comfortable group of writers living in bourgeois ease and yet moving slowly toward socialistic philosophy and providing the background for the advocates who appeared in the wake of the revolutions. Sayo Masuda’ discusses that she was sent to akenoya geisha house when she was only 12 years old. The uniqueness of the book is that it depicts reality of life and grievances experienced by geisha in Japan. All of which is simply to suggest that significant change and a spirit of restless uncertainty pervades modern society. It is a whirl of opposing influences, where even the immediate goal cannot be foreseen. Interestingly, at the same time as constructing geisha as a group of morally different and sexually indiscriminate women, the society also constructed them as different from other women by virtue of some type of pathology that they possessed. When discussing a proposed structure of their life, the proprietor of the geisha house supposed that that young geisha should be remanded at an early stage in their career in order to enable a full social report to be submitted. “what a pity this sweet Child’s to become a geisha” (Masuda 18). The author portrays that she was oppressed and humiliated by the “Motyer” in geisha house and severally injured in this place. The author supports the thesis using real life examples and stories she heard from other women. The understanding of prostitutes as different from non-prostitute women also occurs later in the report in relation to ‘living on the earnings of prostitution’. Here the committee was adamant that the relationship between prostitutes and ponces is not as exploitative as it first appears. The understanding of geisha as poor women did not displace the conceptual differentiation between geisha and other women. Instead, one of the questions informing the three analyses was: why do all poor women not become geisha? This question opened the theoretical space for questions about the social differences between geisha and other women, which in turn created the conditions for an increasingly intricate body of knowledge about geisha. “In the geisha business it isn’t just enough to do as you’re told; you have to do a real effort” (Masuda 59). But as a result of the problematic essentialism (that is, ‘a form of analysis in which social phenomena are understood not in terms of the specific conditions of their existence, but in terms of some presumed essence. Hence geisha’s failure to conform to prescribed behaviors, according to the logic of these two explanations, must be evidence of their difference and their pathology. The book describes that a
According to a theory of utilitarianism developed by John Stuart Mill, the actions of people are categorized as good or bad based on their consequences on the person and society. An individual will always decide to take an action that will give him maximum happiness in terms of the benefits he will derive from the action. His/her main objective in making the choice is the maximum exploitation of the available chances to get the best possible pleasure he/she can get from the specific action. This may be done with the interest of the society at heart where, the person wants to improve the well being of everyone else in the community (Bentham, 1987). An example is someone who takes the initiative to build a public utility like a road, church or school. The project is exclusively undertaken for the benefit of every child who is born in that society regardless of the time of birth or place of bath, so long as he/she can access the school. The benefit in this case is unlimited to everyone but the efforts where from someone who took the decision alone. In the case of marijuana legalization; this theory may consider it as wrong, due to the challenges and bad consequences that it may bring to society like increasing insanity among most users and destroying families. In the egoism perspective, the individual’s actions are always decided based on personal interest in the subject matter. As a result, the person will only make a choice depending on how much he/she will benefit from the action without caring for the interest of the other people. In this case, the self interest of a single individual may be pursued even at the expense of the society. From this perspective, the legalization of Marijuana smoking is justified as the society does not matter (Bentham, 1987). On the other hand, the use of natural law theory advocates for the taking of action by someone based on his natural human reasoning. The decision on a certain aspect in life will be taken based in the logic behind the action, which is assumed to be the natural course of action by the person. In this case, the individual makes his choices depending on what he/she thinks is best for him, the concept considers the freedom of the person to choose so long as she/he has achieved the age of majority. According to this theory, an adult person is assumed to be capable of reasoning and considering all the positive and negative aspects of an action before making his choice. The ethical theory that best represents my opinion is the application of natural law. From this perspective, we look at the benefits of the subject in question; legalizing marijuana use. It should never be legalized because logically, if we
Introduction The main goal of this report is to identify strategies which can help hospitality businesses manage a multicultural workforce. This paper will include several sections; at first, it is necessary to discuss theoretical frameworks that are useful for comparing cultures and understanding their differences. Additionally, it is important to discuss various approaches that can be applied by companies working in a multicultural environment. This discussion will be important for distinguishing the main recommendation that can assist managers. These suggestions will be aimed at minimising possible impacts of cultural differences and ensuring that the organisation can address potential problems as quickly as possible. These are the main questions that should be discussed in greater detail. Comparing various cultures At first, managers should clearly understand how cultural differences can manifest themselves, and how they may influence the performance of businesses. Researchers, who examine the similarities and distinctions between cultures, identify various criteria related to the behavior of individuals in the workplace. In this case, the Hofstede model can be useful because it illustrates how a person can act when he/she has to respond to different problems (Lewis & Rowley, 2014). According to this framework, cultures should first be compared in terms of power distance. This notion is used to describe the relations between people who may occupy various positions in the workforce hierarchy. For exam