ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Correlational Research Correlational research entails the study of the relationship that exists between organismic as opposed to reatement variables in experimental research. The research is attributed to Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) who was attracted by the studies of variations by Charles Darwin (Goodwin, 2009, p.327). He was particularly concerned with the intelligence trait in individuals and ruled out the possible effects of environment and affirmed that genius was a factor to be inherited (Goodwin, 2009, p.327). A correlation is said to exist between two variables if a change in one variable reflect on the other variable in some trend (Goodwin, 2009, 329). The correlation can be positive or negative. Positive correlation is also referred to as direct correlation. It occurs when a high score recorded in one variable corresponds to a high score on the other variable and vice versa (Goodwin, 2009, p.329). Negative correlation is an inverse relationship whereby high scores in one variable are associated with low scores in the other variable (Goodwin, 2009, p.327). As the value of the independent variable increase, the value of the other decreases and vice versa. There is also the strengths of the relationship that is registered between the variables. A measure referred to as correlational coefficient ‘r’, is used to denote the strength/degree of correlation. A perfect positive correlation will have a correlation coefficient of +1 while a perfect negative correlation will have a value of -1. All the other measures of correlation will be given within the bracket (-1<=r<=1) so that r=0.3 implies a weak positive correlation and r=-0.2 implies weak negative correlation. Use of Correlational Research The relationship that is developed from a correlational research can be used to predict the variables in the future depending on the amount of correlation that has been witnessed. The higher the correlation (negative or positive), the more accurate it is to predict the future variables using this relationship model. A psychologist, for instance, can use the relationship that is observed to predict the future behavior of an individual (Goodwin, 2009, p.325). Advantages of Correlational Research The correlational research allows psychologist to derive an answer to the questions that could not be solved by experimental methods as it involves the study of the variables as they are in the natural setting (Weiten, 2008, p.54). The researcher is not able to manipulate the variables. The techniques involved in the descriptive research are also easy and provided a visual impression that is easy to interpret. Disadvantages of Correlational Research One of the challenges of using correlational research is that the validity of the conclusions reached may be threatened as other factors could be behind the relationship. It does not provide all the necessary and sufficient conditions that explain the occurrence of an event. Instead, it simply asserts that ‘changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by predictable changes in a second variable’ (Goodwin, 2
How do you imagine social interaction within 10 years, taking into consideration the impact of technology on human relations? Within ten years, hardware and software technology will play a major role in social interaction. Technology will ease the ability for people to interact because they will be able to access information and content in real-time. This will improve cultural diversity by allowing people to understand the characteristics of other cultures. Social interaction has been made easy by social media technology because people can share their opinions through the Internet without physically contacting each other. This reduces community dynamics among individuals who have similar opinions. Consequently, people have more time on their hands for leisure and family bonding. Some disadvantages are associated with reduced social interaction. For instance, people may lose their sense of confidence because they consider others are more successful. The ease in social interaction will disconnect people from the actual world and increase the risk of isolation, child abuse, dehumanization, and lack of privacy. People will not be able to interact properly anymore, due to their misplaced ability to interact face to face. Technology affects human relations negatively because it increases stress, reduces accomplishment, eliminates physical communication, and reduces confidence. If the trend does not change for the next ten years, people will become completely dependent on smartphones, tablets, computers, and other technologies. The disadvantages of human interaction with technology are already visible especially in the way people socialize and communicate with each other. Presently, it is common to see friends hanging out and communicating more with their phones than with each other, which is a sign of a reduction in human-to-human communication. This behavior will follow a positive trend and people will reduce the way they directly communicate with each other because intense competition in the mobile technology industry causes companies to produce software that eases mobile communication. Reversing this trend will be a complex endeavor because human nature is bound to seek change and the current change is in the way people interact and share data. I imagine that 2024 will be filled with a generation of intelligent, but foolish people. Technology will be as rampant as it is today but it will not eliminate the importance of direct human communication. One may be unable to accurately forecast what will occur in ten years but we are certainly becoming conscious of technology addiction and its effect on social relationships. So optimistically we will effectively eradicate the undesirable characteristics of technology and
Sonographer Medical sonographers focus on different parts of the body, such as the neurological system, the abdomen, musculoskeletal system and the breasts as well as fields such as obstetrics. The major role of a sonographer is the use of a transducer for the administration of ultrasound waves to various body parts for examination (O’Brien 2007). Since technology has involved the development of the device and efficient processes, sonographers need to be tech savvy to safely use the technology on patients (Ambrosini et al 2007). Based on their understanding and judgment of pathology, sonographers record and interpret images to determine abnormalities in the parts under examination. Although the images recorded may not make sense to lay people, they are very useful to sonographers. In other words, sonographers turn sound images into useful medical information used for diagnosis and assessment of patients (Burnside, Brown & Kline 2008; Daneman, Epelman, Blaser & Jarrin 2006; Islam & Mostafa 2013; Scheel et al 2006). To understand this, the current study examines the pathways to becoming a sonographer in the United States. Pathways to becoming a sonographer The two major pathways to becoming a sonographer in the United States are the primary pathway and the post-primary pathways. Primary pathway For candidates to qualify for the primary pathway of becoming sonographers, they are required to complete an accredited sonography educational programme successfully. The accreditation body must be certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (AART). Sonographers using this pathway must attain a bachelor’s degree before certification. To make the pathway more reliable, accreditation by ARRT follows certification from other agencies certified by USDE and/or CHEA. In the primary pathway, candidates have educational qualifications that indicate their didactic competency. Furthermore, candidates in the primary pathway must be adequately competent in various clinical procedures under ARRT in areas of clinical competency and sonography didactic requirements (Harris 2009). The post-primary pathway The pathway requires an individual to have completed sonography clinical requirements as well as qualifications in MRI and/or radiography (Linton 2008). Accreditat
Methodology In this research, the paradigm was Interpretivism (qualitative). Moreover, the study compares market entry strategies, which companies such as Hang Fung Jewelry Ltd, Shanghai Lao Miao Jewelry Co Ltd, Digico Group, Tai Sung Jewelry, and Adeka Jewelry prefer. For instance, the companies relied on qualitative data obtained from the products’ users in terms of feedback to create a counter-strategy for their entry. Since the paradigm applies individual consumer opinion on a particular product, it helped the individual company compete fairly in the Chinese market. As secondary research, the method of data collection and analysis was done using qualitative and quantitative ways, especially from documented sources. Descriptive statistics were applied in doing the analysis, after which an inferential statistics were used to classify market variables in China. Market assessment will help the researcher carry out a comparative evaluation of the companies on their entry strategies. This will be to establish whether the strategies are compatible with the policies of the host country. In this situation, the data will be retrieved from academic journals, books: print and electronic, and achieves. Importantly, the qualitative data from different companies and sources will be compared to get more dependable information that could help the researcher to issue recommendation for the appropriate action. Perhaps, this practice is essential and expected to offer meaningful solutions to the problems surrounding foreign companies in their bid to enter the Chinese market. Strategy The strategy used in this study was descriptive. In this strategy, the researcher sought for documented information about the opinion that the potential buyers and regular customers had, regarding the products and the strategies, which the different companies employed. Strategy on the methods, which the researcher applies in the study, was mainly quantitative, with a bit of qualitative data to depict the number of customers who preferred the products. Similarly, the data that were collected also included the number of unit products, which an individual company sold within a specified period. Notably, the research strategy used in carrying out the study varies based on the type of issue being investigated. Besides, the varying geographical regions and political situation play a significant role in shaping the marketing and research strategy that the company could adopt. For instance, the individual company had to consider the political situation in the country before making proposal of the market entry strategy to adopt. Design of the Methods Used In this research, the des
All human beings are different in one way or another. Human beings are not born with identities; however, they acquire their identities with time. Identity crisis occurs during teenage years when people struggle between identity and confusion. The balance between identity and confusion lies in commitment making and identity. Since life contains lessons, Erikson’s theory has contributed to the elaboration of development. According to this theory, each person experiences eight psychological crises; Erikson’s development framework includes eight stages that cover an individual’s lifespan, which assist an individual to faces and confronts the new challenges (Erik Erikson’s development theory of identity development, n.d, p.45). The epigenetic principle states that characteristics developed at each stage are carried to the next stage as they rely on each other. According to Whitley (2009, p.29), “this principle acts as an explanation of growth, anything that grows has a ground plan and out of this ground plan the parts arise, each part has it time of special ascendancy until all parts have arisen to form a functioning whole.” The fifth stage serves as a growth point in an individual’s life; therefore, it is an indication of potential growth towards a quality personality of the rest of one’s life. These stages include infancy, which ranges from 0-18months where trust or mistrust can be developed. A mother can establish trust to the infant through care, so that the infant does not develop mistrust towards the world at large. In this stage, the needs of an infant such as food, comfort, and affection are met by parents. If the caregivers are neglectful or abusive, the infant learns that the world is an uncouth place for people. Developing the trust of others is essential in an individual’s life, for instant, a child will only learn to trust his mother if he is taken care of regularly. In addition, infants begin to trust themselves as pertains to their bodies, such that they can reach for something, crawl, stand, and finally walk. However, delays in body satisfaction may result to mistrust of time (Erik Erikson’s development theory of identity development, n.d, p.4
One of the most notable features of the story Sea Oak by George Saunders, is that many themes and motifs, radiate the spirit of a certain oddness, in the perceptual sense of this word. The reason for this is that, despite the unconventional sounding of the story’s plot line, it appears innately consistent with what happened to be the socially suppressed unconscious anxieties, on the part of readers. In its turn, this provides us with a rationale to hypothesize that the story’s discursive significance can be well addressed with the methodological framework of post-Freudian psychoanalysis. After all, the earlier mentioned themes and motifs do promote the idea that the qualitative essence of one’s existential stance, never ceases being reflective of what happened to be the specifics of the concerned individual’s ‘eros’ and ‘thanatos’-related longings. In my paper, I will explore the validity of the articulated hypothesis at length, while illustrating how these longings are being reflected by some of the featured characters’ act. Probably the main reason why the existence of just about any person can be well discussed as a certain phenomenon, is that while addressing life-challenges, he or she invariably comes to the point of trying to find a rationale-based justification for the process in question. The reason for this is apparent – due to being endowed with consciousness, people are well aware of their own mortality, on one hand, and capable of operating with the utterly abstract subject matters, on the other. The latter, however, is exactly what causes many individuals to experience the strong sensation of discontent with the very idea they will eventually die. One of the ways to address this inconsistency is people’s tendency to think that their self-identity can be thoroughly admired – even when there are no actual preconditions for this to be the case. After all, it is specifically one’s self-assumed ‘uniqueness’ (supposedly reflected by the concerned person’s existential identity), which can be well discussed in terms of a ‘path towards semi-immortality’. The reason for this is that, as practice indicates, the more a particular individual is being deemed ‘special’, throughout the course of its life, the better are his or her chances to be remembered post-mortem . Therefore, there is nothing odd about the fact that people tend to pay an acute attention towards how they are being perceived by others – their mental fixation, in this respect, appears to extrapolate these people’s ‘eros’-mindedness, commonly sublimated in their strive to struggle with the prospect of remaining anonymous. As it was pointed out by the lecturer: “Names make us special… when someone gets your name wrong, it insults your feeling of uniqueness” (Eros and Thanatos 5). The fact that the above-provided argument is indeed legitimate, can be shown, in regards to the narrator’s preoccupation (resurfaced throughout the story’s entirety) with trying to make sure that his rating with guests at the male strip-bar remains high: “Guests rank us as Knockout, Honeypie, Adequate, or Stinker… At least I’m not a Stinker… I’m a solid Honeypie/Adequate” (Saunders 1). Apparently, th
Debates on whether dog is the best pet or not are very common when it comes to choosing a pet. There are many pets that a person can keep, but dogs stand out from the rest. Dogs have been branded as the best friends of man for a very long time and this yet to change. The relationships between dogs and man have been improving over the years and this has made dogs to be the most preferable pets in the world. Dogs are known to reciprocate love by remaining loyal and the best companions. The people who are still reluctant to choose dogs as their pets simply lack adequate information on why dogs are the best pets to keep. This paper will explain why a dog is the best pet to keep compared to other pets. The first reason why one should choose a dog for a pet is its ability to do things for its owner. Dogs can do several tricks that other pets such as cats and birds can not do. Dogs are quick learners and can therefore be taught simple domestic tasks for fun. In terms of companionship, dogs are the best option because they have the energy to jog and run alongside their owners. Dogs are known to offer unconditional love to their owners and are always concerned about their safety. A good pet should give its owner some attention and no other pet does this better then a dog. Dogs learn their names in the shortest time possible and can always respond quickly when they are called by their names. Dog can be learned to play different games and are always available to play with i
Introduction For a long period of time, organizations have been adjusting their management and operations tactics. The main objective behind this approach has been to trend to consolidate management and operational elements that are closely linked together so that they can be monitored easily (Drew, McCallum & Roggenhofer, p.6). Lean management has over time replaced mass production. This form of operation calls for a different form of thinking and operation. On the other hand, companies are attempting to change or adjust their departments. In the present day, Networks are more agile in terms of being adaptive, operationally efficient and informally lean (Goodpasture, 2009, p. 268). Some of the elements that are associated with agile operations include cultural acceptances in business relationships, expansion in accessing and adoption of instant messaging plus wireless connectivity and electronic networking (Goodpasture, 2009, p. 268). This paper explores the concept of lean and agile operations and also offers a succinct comparison of both types of operations in manufacturing and service sectors. The concepts of lean and agile operations According to Mattias and Jan (2009, p.976-999), lean and agile operations have been used in all sectors of production. They have highly been utilized in service and manufacturing sectors. There are internal and external factors that drive companies to adopt these measures of management. In most cases, lean and agile operations have been tested to be operationally effective. Agile operation can be defined as the use of specific principles such as techniques, interactive developments and automation in running an organization. On the other hand, lean is a concept and a philosophy developed to minimize wastage during the process of production. It focuses on specific values as perceived by customers, creating value streams, making value flow from raw materials to end user, pulling productions together and striving towards perfection. Lean operation is highly valued in most organization since demanded by customers is well met. The differences between lean and agile operations/management can best be understood from a supply point of view. The following table highlights some of the major distinguishing attributes between agile and lean supply. Distinguishing attributes       Lean supply                      Agile supply                        Life cycle and product variety  Long life cycle and low variety  Short life cycle and high variety   Forecasting mechanism           Algorithmic                      Qualitative: Consultative           Market                          Predictable                      Volatile                            Profit margin                   low                              High                                Stock demand                    Stable long term
Introduction The world market has become so competitive to an extent that every firm is struggling to achieve a larger market share. Globalization has led to stiff competition in the market. As a result, a number of firms continue to lay strategies that would enable them maintain their competitive edge. These strategies include both medium and long-term, although it has recently emerged that most firms are considering cost leadership, product differentiation as well as price differentiation as major strategies. However, a good number of economic analysts and other interested managing directors of various firms observe that many strategies lack practical aspects. This has forced many managers to look for strategies that are more pragmatic as far as turbulent competition in the market is concerned. In the recent past, Fast Company magazine wrote plenty of aspects as to why good to great companies achieved such statuses in the market. The column presented results that are more fascinating. Change and Crisis in Firms A number of firms normally react to crisis hence facilitating change. This has made such firms be reactive rather than proactive. In diverse markets, it is recognized that firms, which wait for crisis to occur in order to initiate change, do not succeed in competing effectively with rivals in the industry (Kotler 56). However, firms that make an extensive market analysis in advance, as well as making changes as soon as possible, are reported to perform well under turbulent market conditions. This makes such companies be in better positions as far as competition in the market is concerned. Incentives: bonuses, stock options and increment in salaries There are some companies which belief that employees should always be motivated with attractive incentives in case a firm is to perform effectually in the market. Nevertheless, it is revealed that this is opposite of what should happen as far as employees are concerned. According to several researches, people are never motivated to be effective. Self-motivation ensures that every employee works hard towards the overall goodness of the company, without considering his or her personal gain. This is true because some people would prefer staying in one firm for several years (Kotler 91). They perceive good performance of a company as their own performance and therefore, they always give their best. Imposing fear for change to occur A number of managements in companies practice the aspect of imposing fear to their subordinates, hoping that they will respond and deliver as expected. In contrast, this aspect has not featured anywhere in good to great companies (Collins 1). Instilling fear would only worsen the situation given that employees will be working out of fear. This is likely to cause high rate of employee turnover since many employees would prefer shifting to other companies. In fact, companies deliver high results if employees are granted independence. People perform well when their rights and freedoms are respec