ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Formulation According to the Multiaxial Diagnostic System of the DSM-IV-TR, the key study, which is Janet’s case, meets the diagnostic formulation of dependent personality disorder, which falls under axis II. However, Janet could also be suffering from other medical issues as will be determined in the clinical diagnosis criteria. Criteria in Clinical Diagnosis The clinical formulation in this case describes speculations about Janet’s core dynamic and primary need for psychotherapy. Janet’s behavior and conduct, as described in the case study, are a clear indication that she suffers from a psychological disorder called dependent personality disorder. According to the DSM-IV-TR, patients who suffer from dependent personality disorder normally display a sense of excessive need to be taken care of by other people. This sense leads such patients to become submissive and can never oppose other people’s decisions even if such decisions are not pleasant to them (Ankrom, 2009). This is the case with Janet as exhibited in the way she makes her decisions; her choices are always intended to please other people at the expense of her own happiness. There are several features that people such as Janet who suffer from dependent personality disorder portray. Firstly, such individuals find it difficult to make independent decisions unless they are provided advice and encouragement by other people (Ankrom, 2009). Janet admits that she wants her relationship with Larry to work out, but she holds back most of the things that worry her. She is unable to express her feelings to Larry for fear that things might not work in favor of their relationship. Secondly, patients with dependent personality disorder find it difficult to express disagreement with other individuals and opposition to others peoples’ ideas or decisions, even if they involve and affect them (Sperry, 2005). Such individuals feel that they may lose the support, love or approval of the people who are valuable to them if they opposed their decisions (Ankrom, 2009). In the case study, Janet cannot express her feelings to her mother regarding the issue in which she invited some of her relatives to live with her without her daughter’s consent. Janet even proceeds to tell the uncle and the aunt that she was comfortable with their visits and she was happy to have them stay with her for a period of time. There are also other occasions in which Janet gives in to anything that is proposed by her partners in her past relationships without putting across her ideas and feelings. The victims of the psychological disorder are also known to seek new relationships as fast as t
Trauma often occurs in different people’s lives, yet its consequences are not the same for everyone. Some might face more difficulties after the physical and emotional violence and assaults, developing what is known as a posttraumatic stress disorder. More precisely, PTSD is “a psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, or rape” (The American Psychiatric Association, n.d., para. 1). According to the data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (n.d.), “about 6 out of every 100 people (or 6% of the population) will have PTSD at some point in their lives” (n.d., para. 5). More than a half of the registered cases of PTSD are testified in women (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d.). The life of people with PTSD is full of mental struggling and problems with integration into society. In the following paragraphs, the background of the disease is explored in greater detail and PTSD following refugee trauma is given special attention. The History of PTSD The history of PTSD can be viewed from different perspectives. First of all, the condition that is now known as PTSD was present in ancient times and described in several historical sources. As such, Mesopotamian warriors had issues mentally recovering after battles; yet, they were considered to be obtained by evil spirits (Blakemore, 2021). Furthermore, the traces of PTSD are present in the literature: both in Herodotus and Shakespeare’s works, individual soldiers struggle because of their traumatic experiences (Blakemore, 2021). People observed the symptoms of PTSD after railway stations’ catastrophes, female rape, and combats (Stein & Rothbaum, 2018). Thus, the illness was known in civil life and war conditions. However, the symptoms became significant only with the emergence of psychiatry. From this point, a second perspective for viewing the PTSD history can be discussed, namely, the history of the medical diagnoses. At different points, experts named it “traumatic hysteria from railroad injury,”… rape trauma syndrome,… “shell shock,” “soldier’s heart,” and “effort syndrome” (Stein & Rothbaum, 2018, p. 509). The attitudes towards the yet not fully recognized disorder were also different due to “factors such as socio-cultural and political changes, as well as developments in evidence-based understanding of trauma and its sequalae” (Finch, 2021, para. 1). The psychiatrists finally recognized PTSD in the first version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders after the mass occurrence of similar
Brandenburg Concertos composed by Sebastian Bach during the early part of the 18 th century attract the attention of many modern orchestras because of their complex rhythmic patterns. As a result, there are variations of such concertos as Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 that was played by both period and modern instruments. Period instruments are used in order to achieve the sound typical for the Baroque era, when modern instruments are used to demonstrate the benefits of changed or advanced instruments (Sadie 112). In order to understand the variety of the sound in Brandenburg Concerto no. 2, it is important to compare and contrast the concerto performances made by period and modern instruments and focus on such aspects as differences in the sound of instruments, differences in voices and techniques used by performers as well as differences in performers’ intentions. Gustav Leonhardt leading the Leonhardt Consort focused on the use of period instruments in order to reflect the characteristic features of the sound typical for the Baroque era. The unique sound of Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 played by the period instruments is a result of focusing on clarion, recorder, oboe, violin, viola, violone, and basso continuo. Thus, the sound of a trumpet that is used for clarion playing in this variant is characterized by the lower pitch. Still, the tone is more vivid in comparison with a clarion. In its turn, the use of a recorder adds the brilliance to the overall sound. Furthermore, solo voices and violin voices seem to be more combined to play in unison (Yang 37). In addition, performers aim to focus on the authentic cadence and make the rhythm stronger. In his turn, Raymond Leppard leading the English Chamber Orchestra adapted Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in terms of using modern instruments and focusing on other approaches to ornamentation. Thus, in modern versions of the concerto, a clarino or a valve trumpet can be changed with a piccolo trumpet. The timbre of the piccolo trumpet can be discussed as brighter than in the previous versions of the concerto. As a result, the pitch becomes higher (Boyd 76). Still, the performers intend to add the depth to the sound while focusing on the texture and on colorful vibrato of violins. Changes in the sound are also observed because of using the traditional flute instead of the original recorder. While referring to the differences that are characteristic for two performances of Brandenburg Concerto no. 2, it is important to mention variations in the nature of the sound that is mellower in the modern performance because of the accentuated violins and litt
The receptive context for change framework is a theoretical concept that can be used to not only enhance patient satisfaction but also improve the quality of services that a healthcare institution offers. For a nursing administrator, it is important to understand the fact that patient satisfaction does not equal excellent patient care. Some of these patients may have low expectations, and any slight effort would result into improved levels of satisfaction (Woo et al., 2017). Registered nurses have a role in the peri-operative setting to improve patient care, satisfaction scores, reduce cost, and support nursing staff. Reducing lag time caused by unfavorable lab value or waiting on tests pre-treatment requirements can not only help in reducing the overall cost of offering health but also improve the quality of care. Nurse practitioner may play a critical role of administering anesthesia just before the procedure. They can also help in managing a patient’s condition during the recovering process by monitoring their progress and prescribing the right medication. The theoretical concept above can facilitate continual improvement to enhance excellent patient care. This theory is important because it outlines the steps needed to achieve excellence in nursing. From a nursing administrator’s point of view, it is essential to ensure that there is a continuous improvement in the quality of services that nurses offer within a given institution. Harris et al. (2016) explain that for nurses to offer quality services, they not only need to improve their education but also learn new practical skills in their respective workplace. This framework is important because it provides a systematic guideline of what needs to be done to achieve quality service delivery. The administrator can use these steps to train nurses whenever it becomes apparent that there is a knowledge gap. The theory will provide the nursing administrator with a structure for their work and practice. It offers eight steps that can be followed to introduce the desired cha
Introduction The resources boom in Australia has come to an end and has affected the investment in the resources sector. Since April 2012, A$ 150 billion of the intended ventures are either held up or called off as per the government data. The withdrawing commodity markets and feeble investment interest have forced mining companies to shift to lower margins (End of Australia’s resources boom hits investment in sector, 2013). The recent ABS survey of firms’ capital expenditure plans declares that the investment in mining sector in 2012-13 was modified from 40% to 20%. Figure 1: Source: Kent, 2013, Para 14 Mining industry has the most influential economic and environmental impacts in Australia’s economy. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) declared that in the year 2005-06 to 2009-10 witnessed the increase of 21% in the GVA of mining industry in Australia. The value of mining industry exports doubled in the year 2006-07 and 2010-11(Pimpa, 2013). “The contribution of an industry to the overall production of goods and services in an economy, gross domestic product (GDP) is measured by gross value added (GVA)” (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013, para. 9). Economic growth in Australia since 2000 Australia has been standing out among OECD countries due to its sound economic policies. However, the slow growth of Australia’s economy is because of the financial crisis of 2008-2009. Australia is making efforts for the adjustment in the structural changes that is due to the commodity bang (OECD Economic Surveys Australia, 2012). The recent mining boom initiated in the year 2000 that led to the escalating cost of commodities linked with mining. The following figure illustrates the rise in the non-rural commodity prices: Fig-4: Non-rural commodity prices: Source: Index of Commodity Prices, Reserve Bank of Australia as cited in Pham et.al, 2013, p.2 The mining boom has affected the Australian economy in some way or the other. The export companies as well as the struggling import businesses have made the Australian dollar to trim down the price competitiveness in the international market. “The Reserve Bank of Australia declared that the mining- related commodity prices peaked in August 2011, and are now down by around 23 percent from this peak. There have been sharp falls in Australia’s key mining export commodities, coal and iron ore, but despite this, mining prices still remain at high levels” (Pham et. al, 2013,p.2). However, the Australian dollar is maintaining its value with respect to mining commodity prices (Pham et. al, 2013). Fig2: The following chart shows the growth in Gross Value Added industry by industry Sources: ABS Cat. No. 5206.0, Australian National Accounts ABS Cat. No. 5249.0, Australian National Accounts, Tourism Satellite Accounts 2010–11 as cited in Pham et.al, 2013, p. 3 There can be seen significant variation in the economic performance in the different Australian
Abstract The authors are studying the issue of techniques used by police officers to interrogate young suspects. The findings indicate the discrepancy between the perception of youth in general and that of the young suspects in the interrogation process, and the existence of predominant view that interrogation techniques devised for adult population are equally applicable to young suspects. Introduction The main objective of the author is to detect the reason behind the allegedly high amount of wrong convictions of young suspects resulting from false confessions made under pressure. The issue is relevant because the information obtained through confession is held in high regard by the legal institutions and is considered among the strongest evidence of a crime. At the same time, secondary evidence suggests that a significant percentage of convictions is made based on the wrong confessions and that the numbers are especially high among younger individuals. The author tries to show that at least some of these convictions are caused by the wrong perception of applicability of interrogation techniques. These findings can contribute to the understanding of the root of the problem and aid in developing countermeasures. Literature Review The existing literature on the subject illustrates a high degree of vulnerability of the juveniles to the commonly used interrogation techniques. Specifically, previous studies show a much higher rate of false confessions among young suspects (44% versus 13% among adults). In addition, multiple studies indicate the tendency among the young individuals to provide unreliable reports when the suggestive interrogation was taking place. Finally, multiple pieces of evidence were located regarding the viability of Reid Technique in the juvenile context. Specifically, the younger individuals we
The subject I decided to research for the paper is the mystery of Atlantis. Several different Social Sciences mention it – among them, there are history, geography, culture, and literature of grades K through 8. From what I noticed, in the TEKS, this subject is described in quite a neutral way. The authors provided detailed information about Atlantis, its possible location, its story, its description, who first mentioned it, why it disappeared, and if there are any records about it found by the scientists or historians of the world. People have always been fascinated by mysterious events, myths, and legends. This is why I think telling children more about such events is very useful – such information has a high chance of attracting the children’s interest in the subject and the lesson in general. The information about Atlantis presented in the TEKS is very objective. It is visible from the way the text is written. There are no subjective characteristics or definite opinions written about this topic, only the historical facts without any personal evaluation are present. To my mind, this gives the children a chance to think about the topic and form their own points of view on this subject. I think the position of the TEKS is correct – the answer to the question of whether Atlantis was real or not still remains unknown. There are no certain scientific proofs to base an opinion on; this is why each student has to decide on their own if they want to believe this legend or treat it as a fairytale. The amount of information given by the TEKS authors about Atlantis is sufficient. It is enough to give the students a clear, detailed idea of the subject and educate them about this matter. It is enough to catch the students’ interest and attract them to this topic. The ones that are particularly interested are free to do their own research and find more information about Atlantis. It is well known that children are especially interested in myths and mysteries. Researching legends, guesses, and theories are going to keep them excited and keen on the process of learning. In the book by Davis, the mystery of Atlantis is shown in a much more scientific way, it reveals a deeper view on the subject. Davis talks about different versions about where Atlantis really was and what was the reason for it
The California Supreme Court has its headquarters in San Francisco. The court’s decisions bind all other Californian state courts. The court was established in the year 1879. During its inception, the court comprised of one chief justice and two other associate justices. Over time, the court personnel has increased. Currently, seven justices are serving the court. These law experts are appointed by the county’s governor and serve for 12 years. In my court visit project, I was required to attend a local courthouse and observe the actual court proceedings. The court was required to be situated within San Francisco. After checking through the Supreme Court of California’s calendar, I noticed that the court was planning to hold its oral arguments in San Francisco on March 4 , 2013. There were several cases scheduled on the day. These cases included the County of Los Angeles versus Co. Employee Relations Comm, Boyette verses Habeas Corpus, People verses Nuckles, and People verses Beltran. Out of the four cases, I attended all the sessions for the People verse Nuckles case. Throughout its sessions, I was able to observe and record all the crucial events. In this regard, this paper focuses on the People versus Nuckles case. The people verse Nuckles case was scheduled to start on March 4, 2013. The case started at 1:30 P.M. San Francisco’s community leaders brought the case before the court. Before the case was filed at the Supreme Court, Nuckles, the defendant had been accused of murdering his girlfriend Claire Tempongko in the year 2000. The court was told that after the murder, Nuckles escaped to Mexico. After his escape, the community leaders together with the criminal investigators worked very hard to extradite the defendant to San Francisco to face justice. In the year 2008, the suspect was apprehended and brought back to San Francisco where he was convicted of murder. However, in the year 2011, a district court of appeal in San Francisco overturned the conviction stating that the jury had committed errors during the first trial. Thus, the court asserted that new trials were to be initiated. Following this, the community leaders filed a petition in the Supreme Court seekin
Red Cross: Its Mission and Purpose The American Red Cross is a humanitarian, not-for-profit organization that has been organize by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter, as well as the fundamental principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (The American Red Cross, 2011). The venture provides help to people who became the victims of natural disasters and catastrophe so as to prevent and react to the emergencies. According to the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross, humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary services, and universality are five main pillars shaping the organization’s main mission and purposes (The American Red Cross, 2011). Hence, the Red Cross has been created to provide assistance to people irrespective of race, nationality and social status to prevent and diminish the consequences of disaster. Its core purpose is to support victims of disasters and protect their health (The American Red Cross, 2011). Finally, organization promotes a message about cooperation, understanding, friendship and lasing peace all over the world. The movement remains independent because it is not subject to government and the laws of different countries. Red Cross Crisis in Haiti: Exploring the Facts and Consequences Two years ago, the population of Haiti suffered from a 7.0 earthquake leading to significant destructions and leaving millions of people without home. Minnesota, along with other U.S. states, responded actively to the disaster and donated a significant sum of money for improving the situation in Haiti. Now, the Red Cross has introduced a two-year report on the efforts and actions taken in Haiti to relieve the population (MyFox, 2012). The report presents significant progress in front of serious challenge, but some of the presented facts can lead to negative publicity concerning the action plan (MyFox, 2012). The point is that the American Red Cross got nearly $ 486 million in donations whereas $ 330 million were spent only on Haiti recovery efforts (MyFox, 2012). One the one hand, many questions arise concerning the remaining sum of money. One the other hand, the Red Cross’s campaign has not been completed yet and, therefore, there are no reasons for rushing in conclusions. Identifying Specific Goals and Their Rationale As the world-known non-profit organization, the Red Cross should introduce a new form of reporting through publicly presenting information about financial matters. In such a way, it is possible to enhance information transparency and accuracy to ensure the population of their donations invested to prevent disasters. Specif
As companies expand their global footprint, their international assignments are growing exponentially and relying on expatriates to manage their overseas operations. The increasingly globalized economy is driving the need for human resource managers (HRM) to adopt and develop robust strategies to support a multinational and diverse workforce. The posting, hosting, and managing employees to and from other countries pose a major challenge due to the variations and disparities in such areas as national culture, regulatory environment, and economic conditions. In the given scenario, the multinational news agency intends to give Melissa an international expatriate duty in Qatar. In this regard, adequate pre-posting preparation and support during the expatriate assignment are key considerations for the corporation’s HRM to ensure the successful operations overseas. For instance, it is imperative for Melissa to be comprehensively briefed about Qatari customs to enhance her cultural sensitivity and interrelationships with a diverse workforce compromising different nationalities, age, and gender. Although there is limited need to learn cultural languages, HRM should strategize on how to manage Melissa’s expectations, stimulate a positive attitude, and promote a comprehensive understanding of the business and societal norms in Qatar. Overview of the Case Melissa Lamont is a senior manager working for a large multinational news media agency based in the United States. The corporation has given her a three-year international assignment to work in the Middle-Eastern office in Qatar. After relocating to Doha, she will deputize a male managerial Qatari national, who was previously stationed in the USA. Melissa will also lead 50 journalists in the firm’s business and economics team. The workforce at the Qatar office is diverse and comprises people of different gender, age, and nationalities. Melissa has worked for the news media corporation in New York for ten years, has never undertaken an overseas assignment, and English is the only language she speaks. Moreover, she will have to relocate with her family and will be stationed at Doha for the entire duration of her three-year tenure in the Middle East. The news media corporation has an obligation to adequately prepare and support Melissa to facilitate a smooth transition and subsequent success in the execution of her duties in Middle East. Preparing Melissa for the Doha Assignment Having worked for the multinational news media agency