ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The 1968 fiction novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep by Philip Dick warns readers of possible consequences of the moral decay in modern community and reminds them of their responsibility for the environment. Contrasting androids and human society in his fiction novel, Dick attempts to define the inherently human qualities and real life values. The depiction of empathy as the feeling characteristic of humans only and thus distinguishing them from other living beings can be regarded as the major underpinning of the whole plot of the book under consideration. Disregarding the peculiarities of the science fiction genre chosen by the author, the motive of feeling and not feeling empathy towards other creatures conveys an important philosophical message. Thus, the fact that humans living after the World War Terminus need to buy real animals for demonstrating their ability to feel empathy proves that they themselves hesitate in it. The feeling of empathy is put into the basis of their religion Mercerism and the so-called Voigt-Kampff test used for distinguishing between humans and androids. However, this approach shows the lack of true feelings in the human race and reflects the author’s criticism of the moral decay in modern community. Thus, overemphasizing the importance of feeling empathy, the book characters look for the empathy experience for its own sake. Using the empathy boxes and buying real animals for the purpose of generating feelings, the characters lose their humanness. Rick Recard, one of the main characters works as a bounty hunter and killing androids who came to earth from Mars is his daily job. However, he dreams of having a real sheep instead of his electric one for showing his empathy and improving his social status. Buying a real animal becomes obsession to Rick: “My job requires it, he thought, scraping bottom. Prestige. We couldn’t go on with the electric sheep any longer, it sapped my morale” (Dick 168). This inner monologue reflects the stream of consciousness of the main character who feels his inferiority due to inability to own a real animal. Making empathy the main value in the fiction community, Dick expresses his criticism of the moral decay in modern society and the lack of real feelings in humans. The difficulties of distinguishing between real and artificial, sincere and hypocritical are one more important moral message which can be read between the lines of the book under consideration. Actually, the author’s goal is not limited to distinguishing between humans and androids, real and electric animals, but is rather extended to defining the true values of life. Thus, after it is cleared out that Mercerism was a fake religion that was engineered by Hollywood filmmakers, the author does not diminish its value, on the contrary, explains how precious this belief is for the s
There is no use denying the fact that the current situation in the world could be described as very complicated and tensed. The modern society devotes a great deal of attention towards the issue of terrorism, trying to find a good solution to this nagging problem and promote peace all over the world. However, this process is very complicated and the war in Syria could be taken as the best evidence of the complexity of the situation. The evolution of ISIS resulted in the war on the territory of the state and devastation of many regions. Millions of people had to leave their homes and look for the new shelter trying to avoid the horrors of war. That is why, the issue of refugees becomes more and more important nowadays. Many European countries suffer from the influx of people from the Eastern region. However, people from Syria also move to some other states and Canada is one of them. Analyzing the issue of Syrian refugees in Canada, it is vital to take into account the background of the given problem and its evolution. Thus, nowadays, Europe faces the greatest wave of immigration in its modern history (“How to Help Syrian Refugees in your community” para. 6). Thousands of people move to the countries of the EU in order to find shelter and enjoy benefits. The great influx introduced a great number of various conflicts based on cultural, ethical and religious grounds. Many European countries turn out to be not ready to face this problem and provide the needed conditions for these people. Under these conditions, the role of prosperous countries which could help to solve this problem becomes especially significant. The government of Canada proclaimed that the country could also provide shelter to refugees and the process started. Thus, the fact is that refugees are not able to reach Canada because it is separated from the Europe, Africa of Asia by the ocean and it is difficult for them to cross it. That is why, the government of the state organizes special flights to help people move from Asia and Africa to Canada and find shelter there. Besides, since the 1st December about 900 refugees went through the registration procedure in the airports of Toronto and Montreal on a day-to-day basis (“Canadian immigration responses to the Syrian crisis – backgrounder” para. 4). People who arrive in Canada will be provided with all necessary things and conditions needed for their living will be created. Thus, it is obvious that it is a complicated process which demands some planning and organization. Besides, placing people in Canada, mainly in Toronto or Montreal, the government faces several important problems which should be solved. First of all, it is the language bar. The majority of refugees do not know English or French, which makes the process of their accommodation more complic
Ultraviolet (UV) light is radiation with low wavelength. It is electromagnetic. Since UV has a short wavelength, the energy emitted is quite high. Its wavelength falls between 0.1 μm and 0.4 μm. However, the wavelength of the visible form of light is between 0.4 μm and 0.7 μm. The UV light has a shorter wavelength than that of the visible light. Second, UV light has high penetrating energy. However, visible light has minimal energy. The main source of UV rays is the light emitted from the sun. Other sources include mercury lamps, ultraviolet LEDs, and black lights. There are myriads of effects of UV light. These can be classified as either harmful or beneficial effects. One of the known effects of UV rays is the ability to fluoresce substances and also trigger chemical reactions. The non-ionizing effects of UV light are observed from Ultraviolet rays emitted from the sun. Plants are also negatively affected by the high energy UV radiation that reaches the surface of the earth. For instance, sunburn is a well known harmful effect of exposure to high-energy UV light. Plant molecules and cells are also scorched by the high energy radiation from UV rays. Chemical bonds are significantly altered when subjected to UV light. White-colored products are used as optical brighteners when they are exposed to UV light. Finally, Ultraviolet light and X-rays are known to emit shortwave radiations. When other substances are exposed to these radiations, they also emit either the invisible or visible radiation. This process is referred to as fluorescence (Goldys 16). Works Cited Goldys, Ewa. Fluorescence Applications in Biotechnology and Life Sciences. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Print.
Introduction In a world of data, measuring the complexity of its interpretation and the amount of information that is encoded in the data is a research priority. If one imagines that a particular bit of information is encoded in a single string, then the complexity of describing this string is determined by the availability of a way to compress this string to a minimum size so that the compression fully describes the complexity of the initial string. Obviously, however, not all strings can be compressed to a minimum number of characters. In this regard, it was decided to introduce the notion of Kolmogorov complexity describing the maximum degree of compression by the best existing compressor in some universal description language as a theoretical model. However, there is sufficient evidence that Kolmogorov complexity is not computable. In this sense, one should mention the model of the cost of a positive integer as an attempt to represent Kolmogorov complexity in a more straightforward, more comprehensible language. In general, the cost of a positive integer describes the complexity of representing any positive integer in a data set as the sum or product of smaller numbers from the same set. This research paper examines and describes in detail the phenomenon of the cost of a positive integer and outlines the limits of its applicability. Definition: Kolmogorov Complexity Any information written with a computer program is defined by symbolic sequences. In turn, information encoded in symbols can be repeated several times, especially if a given string is created through copying. This is how systems work in which patterns are detected — for example, the following string 000000000000000000  [1]  contains eighteen zeros. This entry itself, presented in [1], is a representation of itself, but there is a more straightforward way in which this string can be represented, which is: 18 zeros  [2]  In this case, one can see that instead of 18 characters, the same information is now encoded with eight, which allowed to compress of the original data array by about 55 percent. Actually, the program itself which allows to compress the original [1] to [2] is the Kolmogorov complexity of a string (Resch). However, not all strings can be compressed in a similar way. For example, the string [3] 16731180221965342229  [3]  contains some valuable information and cannot be represented in any other, shorter way than it itself since no pattern of symbol repetition is detectable. The algorithmic complexity of a string [3] is said to be random and without apparent regularities. However, there is no guarantee that actual but non-obvious regularities are not there since mathematics is much deeper than surface perception and information processing with the eyes. One could use quantum computers with machine learning techniques that could surely solve the problem of inferring a string’s shortest path [3] than “16731180221965342229”, but this is not really possible. The impossibility of programs for uncountable strings with random Kolmogorov complexity is postulated by a fundamental theorem of the mathematical section of information. In reality, no mechanical
We have, in this country, in this time, a spectrum of values that exists in the hearts and minds of the majority. These values are important because they represent moral innovation of the last centuries. People enjoy freedom—common people—on a scale not before seen. We have enjoyed it under a government that has passed power from party to party, democratically, for over 200 years. This is a unique phenomenon. Other countries, democracies, have not yielded such consistent results of peaceful transition. We have succeeded where so many well-intentioned peoples have failed because of the strength of our beliefs, and our confidence in our constitution, our system of government. It is my belief that our values can be boiled down to two words: liberty, and individualism. We protect minorities in this country, and we do so right down to the individual. Certainly, a democracy can be called a tyranny of the majority—and in truth—because of the sins of our birth, we have not been able to grant ourselves the liberty economically that was so promised upon our independence. Slavery and the slaughter of the American Indian have resulted in a warranted need for government assistance aimed at the children of these peoples. The reason I know this, is because I sense it. I trust my sense of the world and value it as much as, or more than, I value any person’s opinion. I have the liberty to speak this opinion, though to do so requires something else—s
Introduction The main aim of this article is to examine the relationship between socio-economic status and obesity. Extensive research work has been carried out to study the various socio-economic status (SES) indicators and their association with the disease. From the research, the general pattern of association for both genders to the various socio-economic indicators displayed a high percentage for positive relations and a relatively low percentage for negative relationships as one moved from regions with established socio-economic status to areas with small socio-economic developments respectively. The findings also documented that women from high social classes were associated with education, while positive association for women in medium and low socio-economic status was associated with income levels and material possessions. It is important to learn about these associations so as to know the differences in obesity using socio-economic status (SES). Measurements There are several social determinants used to shade more light and insight on the differences that exist in the socio-economic front in as far as obesity is concerned. Some of the determinants included occupational class, social status, education, household income, economic difficulties and satisfaction. The data for the research was obtained from a section of youthful men and women from the City of Helsinki and the survey process was conducted by Helsinki health study surveyors who collected the information from the year 2000 to 2001 and managed to interview 4, 975 women and 1, 252 men respondents. They then fixed a logistics model to extrapolate the documented data and calculate the values for the association between socio-economic status and obesity expressed as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 . Measuring the disease The data obtained was used to calculate the percentage rates of obesity and it was found that the set benchmark for the disease was exceeded with a margin of 14% for women and 15% for men. Various socio-economic indicators were used as determinants; for instance, educational level of the respondent was divided into three categories which included basic education, secondary education and tertiary education. For occupational class, it was divided into sub-groups as professionals, semi-professionals, non-manual laborers and manual laborers. Other indicators as parental education, economic difficulties, household income, childhood difficulties and homeownership were also subdivided into their respective sub-groups where the respondents had to provide the required information in all the given fields. From the tabulated data, appropriate correlations between the socio-economic indicators could now be statistically analyzed. The stratified analysis portrayed that all the socio-economic indicators were positively correlated and that there was a more consistent patterning of the disease among women than in men with a confidence interval of
Introduction Salesforce is one of the leading business information companies specializing in offering business solutions through application services to various companies. It provides on-demand software and several other application services that facilitate online sharing of customer information by different organizations (Round Rock 2009). In simple terms, the company specializes in offering customer relationship management services to any business entity requiring its services regardless of its size. The operational areas of the company are United States, Asia Pacific and Europe. Over the years, the company has succeeded in helping organizations launch their products in the market and offers the relevant business advice to the concerned parties (Anon, 2000). The success of the company can be analyzed as described in the below brief report. Saleforce’s target customers As pointed out earlier, Salesforce Company provides on-demand software and application services to its clients. The latest revelations about company’s customers indicate it has over 72500 customers worldwide. Once a customer has been provided with the desired product, he/she makes up down payment or professional fee that is followed by regular periodic subscriptions as long as the customer continues enjoying the company’s services (Round Rock, 2009). The company’s target customers comprise of clients willing to use online mode in the management of their customers’ accounts, tracking their sales leads and provision of after-sales service. All customers interested in assessing AppExchange, an online directory that enables the clients to surf, test and if need be, install applications created on the Force.com platform can access these services from the company (Anon, 2000). While developing any product, the company conducts thorough market survey to establish customer needs that match customer demands based on modern technology and changing consumer needs. The geographical areas where the company offers its online services have reliable clients well known for extensive use of web and online-related services. The customer satisfaction can be confirmed from the increasing number of customers in the past few years, an indicator that their demands and satisfaction are adequately met (Kroenke, 2009). Salesforce’s strengths The company has already secured itself a significant market position. It is among the companies recognized worldwide for the provision of on-demand Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solutions. The company has succeeded in provision of sophisticated, integrated and beneficial business applications to many organizations. In the entire industry where the company operates, it has earned itself a reputable image due to efficiency provision of major CRM technology providers in larger capital markets (Round Rock, 2009). Salesforce.com provides excellent product strategies and execution. In the year 2009, Salesforce.com won four different CRM market awards based on achievement and success from four different company perspectives. The company’s position in the market as a leader in the on-d
In this episode, “A Study in Pink”, police officers are investigating murder cases of a number of persons who all seem to have killed themselves by taking a hazardous pill. However, things get messy and they turn to their unofficial consultant, Sherlock Holmes, who gives out a number of evidences that pointed to a particular serial murderer. In this episode, the director used the craft of art direction to enhance and support the plot, the characters and the themes of the series. The glamour of movie is completely dependent on the work of the art department. According to Film Trix (23, March 2015), art direction is responsible for the designing of the set, the colors of each set location among other parameters that the director of the film has to consider in movie production. The episode embraces the theme of crime solving and the director of the film has used a number of creative techniques to expose this theme. These themes include: the random input creative technique, the metaphorical thinking technique and the mind mapping technique. Random input creative technique is used to motivate one’s imagination to see a situation in different perspectives and new angles. Metaphorical thinking creative technique on the other hand is a thinking technique that links two universes of ideas and it is mostly founded on similarities while the mind mapping creative technique is an effective way of structuring information and note making that is beneficial during brainstorming sessions. The craft of art direction has enabled the audience of the Sherlock to clearly locate the venues of every scene. Through the art direction, we are able to learn that the deaths of MP Beth Davenport, Sir Jeffrey Patterson and James Phillimore all happened at different locations where the victims of the murder cases had no any reason for them to be at these locations but the causes of the death are similar. On October 12 th , Sir Jeffrey Patterson is seen on the floor of an office building nervously taking a capsule from a small glass jar and eating it after which he gets seizures and dies. On November 26 th , James Phillimore is spotted crying in an empty gym while having a capsule from a jar after which we see the newspaper headline hit the first page announcing his death. On January 27 th , MP Beth Davenport attends her wild party to celebrate her nomination as an MP which was taking place in a bar. Before the party ends, she is seen in a fenced yard full of rental containers screaming with a jar and capsules on her hand. Later, the Metropolitan Police Service calls for press meeting to announce her death. This art direction has helped us to understand the plot point of the episode by giving us the location of every murder case. It also reveals the events that happened before
Introduction Windsor memorial hospital is a multifaceted organization that offers health care services to its clients. The hospital is committed to promoting patient centered health care service. Additionally, it serves clients, families and residents of Windsor County. The hospital is made up of dynamic groups namely directors, board members, physicians and senior administrators, among others. The hospital administers various services to its clients. These services require funding and hence the need for budgeting. Budgeting based on previous allocation has been utilized for the past decades. However, it has led to inefficiencies at the hospital. Implementing zero-based budgeting would suit the hospital since it minimizes constraints associated with fiscal planning (Kavanagh, 2011, pp. 4-35). Implementation of Zero-Based Budgeting Due to the rising constraints in budgeting, most companies have adopted zero-based budgeting as a way of minimizing such constraints. Budget allocations have faced resource constraints due to the rising cost of equipments and other needs. Hospitals are at the helm of budgeting constraints because of the dynamic environment in which they work. For instance, new technologies are adopted for better provision of health services. These technologies need implementation and hence budgetary allocation. Sticking to the previous methods of budgetary allocation would lead to increased financial constrains which would in turn lead to missed targets. Moreover, budgeting based on previous allocation is likely to promote misuse of funds. Additionally, it can cause over budgeting as well as under budgeting. Implementation of zero based budgeting at Windsor would therefore transform its fiscal policies to focus on the hospitals’ fiscal needs. Besides it would reduce reliance on previous allocations which are prone to errors due to changes in events and rise in cost of materials. Zero-based budgeting involves setting of all fiscal plans to zero at the onset of the next fiscal year. This gives all departments an opportunity to explore their needs for the coming year before tabling it for funding. In this regard, resources are allocated based on merit. Moreover, it disregards previous allocation criteria. Windsor memorial hospital would gain significantly with zero based budgeting. Its implementation in the hospital would help monitor the flow of resources to various departments as well as their use (WRH, 2008, p. 1). Benefits of Zero-Based Budgeting Zero based budgeting commands several advantages. Apart from identifying wasteful and unnecessary expenditures in the hospital, it also eliminates them. This is important in streamlining utilization of resources within the hospital. Key among departments is research and development which requires varying resource allocations based on