ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The social, political, and economic development of the country can be described or explained with the help of different theories or models. This paper is aimed at examining such frameworks as ideological state apparatuses, the concept of hegemony, and orientalism. Moreover, it is necessary to determine the extent to which they are relevant to issues described by Joe Moore’s article Democracy and Capitalism in Postwar Japan. On the whole, these approaches can be useful for explaining how Japan achieved sustainable growth and avoided political instability. These are the main questions that should be examined. At first, one can speak about the concept of ideological state apparatuses introduced by Louis Alhusser. This model is used to describe those institutions or organizations that are supposed to ensure the cooperation between the subordinate classes and the elites (Ferretter 7). Among such institutions and agencies, one can distinguish educational organizations, mass media, church, or political parties. These state apparatuses are supposed to make the majority more willing to accept the rule of the dominant classes. These are the main premises involved in this theory. Certainly, this approach can be critiqued because it describes the interactions between classes as the continuous conflict, while they bear more resemblance to the process of negotiation (Ferretter 7). However, this concept is partly relevant to the issues examined in Joe Moore’s article. For instance, it is possible to speak about the role played by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) of Japan. This political party placed emphasis on the rights of employers and their economic freedom. Its policies were regarded by socialist politicians as an attempt to control the workers (Moore 380). Nevertheless, by laying stress on the rights of businesses, LDP contributed to the rapid economic growth of Japan. So, it is difficult to say that political parties of this country acted only as the instrument of suppression. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished since it can throw light on the limitations of this model introduced by Louis Alhusser. Much attention should be paid to the concept of hegemony. This term is used to describe the economic, military, or cultural influence of one country over others. This notion implies that a certain state that can be viewed as a superpower dictates its terms to other states and influences their political or economic development. In this case, one can speak about the role played by the United States since this country can be regarded as a hegemon. In particular, America was able to turn Japan into one of its allies through various mechanisms. For instance, the American government provided Japan with the access to Western markets, and this opportunity was essential for the growth of many Japanese businesses and the improvement in the living conditions of people (Moore 368). Furthermore, one should speak about the increased military presence of the United States in Asia. Overall, the concept of hegemony is helpful for examining the relations between different states. Nevertheless, it is imp
Background of Macarthur square shopping center This shopping complex was officially opened in 1979. It is located in Campbell Town, New South Wales in Australia. It is a leading shopping center found in the south of Campbell town, which attracts shoppers from across the entire region (Macarthur square website, 2012, Clark, 2002). Observation of Macarthur Square Macarthur Square is a spacious shopping complex with big and spacious shopping malls that allow easy movement of people (Travel Australia, 2012). The complex has complete mastery of modern building code and it caters to people with physical health conditions. Shopping malls or centers are characterized by an ever high influx of populations and continued movement of people. If proper building codes that integrate the needs of the disabled are not followed, it might be difficult for people to people with disabilities to enjoy the services at the centers (Sydney Visitor Guide, n. d). The shopping center has an expansive parking area which accommodates many vehicles. This parking area is large enough to accommodate all the people who come for shopping with their vehicles. The parking spaces are available at different fees for different times. Busiest times have high parking fees. Building design in relation to support for the physically challenged people In Australia, there is a building code, known as the Building Code of Australia. The code governs the manner in which different buildings are to be constructed. The BCA has undergone several amendments. The latest version of the amended BCA considers issues of physical health in the designing and construction of buildings. The needs of people with disabilities are addressed in the building standards stipulated in the BCA (Thomas & Browne, 2004). The building standards oversee issues of mobility and access of people with disabilities in buildings. Australia has a relatively large population of physically disabled people which includes the aged. These people need special facilities, which support their condition by easing movement and other activities. The BCA of 2006 follows the rules of the commonwealth Nations charter, which recognizes and stipulates the need to cater to people with disabilities (Ries, Jenkins, Wise & Rand Environment, Energy, and Economic Development Program, 2009). Having visited the Macarthur Square shopping complex, I noted some points about the building code and other features that support people with ill-physical health. I managed to take an image of one of the shopping sections of the building which I have attached below. The points that I noted are: The Macarthur square shopping center is a three-story building that covers a very large area. The building is remarkably spacious. The building covers vast space and offers almost all goods and services to people who come for shopping here. The building has large corridors and verandas (Macarthur website, 2012). It also has lifts and supportive rails for people moving upstairs. There are
Discrimination and coercion are the two possible ways of limiting human behavior. If the former creates obstacles for personal, professional, and economic development, the latter can have a positive impact on public health and access to vital resources. Sunstain discusses the ethical differences between coercion and influence, concluding that indirect influence or “nudging” is more ethically correct than coercion, and can be even more efficient (1). Coercion limits the freedom of action, which can bring about negative consequences, even if its purposes are positive. Grinch describes the conceptual model of social inclusion/exclusion and its implications among racial minorities and migrant groups (98). Policy solutions to this problem currently address only participation in the labor market and inclusion into social services. However, the self-reinforcing process of social exclusion requires a comprehensive and transformational approach. This essay will discuss specific cases of gender-based, ethnic, and migration-based discrimination, as well as the importance of regulatory influence as a way to improve social life. Case 4. New Title: Gender-Based Discrimination is About Paying More While Earning Less Identify the Research Goal: This study intends to develop an explanatory foundation for “consumer expectations and attitudes related to gender-based price discrimination” (Ferrell 1015). Theory: Social exclusion is used to explain the results (Gingrich et al. 98). Outcomes: The study revealed gender differences in expectations, depending on the nature of the services provided and attitudes of the people questioned. Men expected different pricing more than women. Application: People with higher social power are usually “more dismissive and less empathetic” to those who have less power (Ferrell 1028). The research has shown that women have more tolerance to gender-based price discrimination. As far as economic capital can form the grounds for social exclusion, price discrimination based on gender difference is a form of social exclusion in its minor manifestation. In order to produce social inclusion, the social and economic context that caused such exclusi
Budget planning can substantially define the overall financial state and economy within an organization or any other entity. Overall, budgeting implies the consideration of as many costs, risks, and potential profits as possible. It is apparent that there cannot be one right way to plan a budget. However, each budget method has pros and cons, which should be considered within particular contexts. Based on this, in the given paper, the budget planning technique used in Alabama will be discussed, and its efficacy will be evaluated. The state has a bifurcated budget system, which implies that it is divided into the General Fund and the Education Trust Fund. The latter aims to cover all costs associated with public education, including salaries for teachers and school administrators, while the former comprises funds for all other spheres of life and performance, including healthcare. The General Fund is primarily financed through tax revenues, which means that tobacco settlement funds received by the state become distributed among the spheres involved in this budget section. The Children’s Policy Councils of Alabama (n.d.) notes that the Children First Trust Fund usually gets the greatest portion of the tobacco settlement dollars (about 52%), while Medicaid receives approximately 31%. The rest is allocated to multiple smaller funds and programs launched in Alabama. The way the tax incomes are allocated may show that the budget method currently used in Alabama focuses on priorities and activities that entail greater expenditures. The manner of fund distribution between the General Fund and the Education Trust Fund only verifies this assumption. As stated by Robertson (2014), the latter receives a larger portion of Alabama’s overall appropriations. For instance, in the fiscal year 2015, the US $5.9 billion was provided to it, while only US $1.8 billion was given to the General Fund (Robertson, 2014). The findings indicate that the state government sees education as a priority. It means that it may implement the top-down budget planning methodology. The identified technique is among the most commonly used. According to Kalish (2018), it is defined as “a process based on estimating the cost of higher-level tasks first and using these estimates to constrain estimates for lower-level tasks” (para. 2). When using the top-down method, one substantially relies on previous experience and expertise. For this reason, such an approach helps save time during decision-making. However, it does not require the consideration of lower-cost activities and tasks during the initial stages of planning. Therefore, the given methodology may fail to deliver sufficient resources to all the areas and to meet all the national and state goals. Though the top-down budget technique strives to cover critical activities and needs, it is possible to say that it may not work well for Alabama in the current complicated economic situation. The combination of this
The article is devoted to issues of US corporations’ measures taken under the conditions of changing exchange rates. International business is based on receiving revenues in the currency of countries in which different affiliates are situated. Thus, every corporation functioning in the multitude of markets has to take a set of measures to protect its revenues from shrinking in the process of currency exchange. The first block of information concerns the losses Google Inc. suffered because of its being a multinational company and “drawing more than a half its revenue from outside the US” (McCormick). In the context of measures taken by Google hedging is considered in the context of the present article. Hedging is a measure directed at softening the impact of fluctuations of currency exchange rates, hence being an effective means of saving the company’s revenues from inflation and financial loss. The importance of hedging is recognized further on in the article: U.S. corporations boosted foreign-exchange hedging this year as the dollar rallied and the global credit crisis led to increased currency swings (McCormick). The statistical data supporting the positive impact of hedging for the companies is also provided. It includes survey results (JPMorgan’s quarterly hedging survey, dollar Index strengthening by October 2008 as compared to
Mergers and Acquisition (M & A) refers to those corporate strategies that support the banking and finance buying, selling, and merging different companies that can financially help in aiding a company without creating a separate business entity. M & A refers to all the generic processes and linkages that comprise financial intermediation or the basic financial strategies that ultimately drive efficiency and innovation in the financial system. We can say that M & A supports the specific financial activities that form the ground root of financial sector reconfiguration, commercial banking, securities, and investment banking, insurance, and asset management. M&A activities, particularly when it comes to the financial services sector takes place within and between these areas of activity. Intermediated Financial Flows: Financial flows are dependant upon ‘savings’ as savings are the ground root of the financial sector which are either in the form of deposits or alternative types of claims issued by commercial institutions or savings organizations that finance themselves by placing their accountability to the general public. Intermediation: Since savings are the main tools of any financial sector, they are directly or indirectly responsible for collective investment vehicles to the purchase of securities publicly issued and sold by various public and private sector organizations in the domestic and international financial markets. The connection between ultimate borrowers and lenders: While depending upon the surplus savings, the process then deals through various kinds of direct-sale mechanisms, such as private placements, usually involving intermediaries. Merger – combining two companies as one and Acquisition – the takeover of one company by another has been one of the major vehicles in the transformation of a key set of economic activities that stand at the center of the national and global capital allocation and payments system (Walter, 2004, p. 201). Effects of Merger and Acquisition Takeovers or acquisitions where on one hand have become the dominant route through which changes in the external control of regional economic activity occur, on the other, it also provokes international competitive pressures on market share associated with the slowdown of growth in mature product markets. Therefore the need for rapid entry into new and developing markets, the desire to minimize the transaction costs of overcoming barriers to entry, and with increasing customer differentiation the need for access to local knowledge,
How CHPL Might Be Utilized By a Health Care Informatics Professional Certified Health IT Product List website is very important for a healthcare informatics professional who is considering the purchase of an EHR for an ambulatory practice. This website defines every product that is available on the market, which has been certified by various bodies. This way, one is able to know the product which is appropriate for use and where it can be obtained. According to Andrews and Dark (75), major components of the information systems include computer software and hardware, databases, data warehouses, procedures, and human resources. When one is planning to purchase any equipment, he must ensure the compatibility of these components to achieve efficiency in operations. The information provided on this website may be helpful in this area. The researcher reviewed three ambulatory products from this website, which include Connect Build-Your-EMR, 2013 Systemedx Clinical Navigator, and 24/7 Smart-EMR. This website has defined these products in a way that makes it easy to identify the benefits and challenges they may bring when used in healthcare facilities. Issues such as data security, speed of data processing, and retrieval are very critical (Cohen and Hanft 90). In cases where necessary, the website explains the impending healthcare information requirement about the product. When planning to purchase HER, one may need to know about the medical record systems that support new regulations. This information is available on this website. One may also have a better knowledge about opportunities and solutions offered by a given tool such as storage capacity, user-friendliness, among other factors. This clearly demonstrates that CPHL provides information than just the certification details about HER products available on the market. It goes beyond this, as was witnessed when reviewing the three products available on the market. An individual is able to gather as many facts about the product as it may be necessary to determine its appropriateness. Some people are always sensitive about the product brand, while others are interested in the certification date (Westbrook 39). All these facts are available on this website to enable a buyer to make an informed choice. Additional Resources That Informatics Professional Can Use The information provided in the CPHL website can be trusted because this is a government body that cannot try to favor any firm. However, it may be necessary to use additional websites to shed more light on a product that one is planning to purchase. After reviewing the certifications given in the CPHL website, it is recommended that one should go to the website of the individual companies to get further clarification about the products. A buyer may determine further certifications of the products from these websites. They may also learn more about the products and their applications. Other government reg
Introduction In more than one way, Canadian political culture resembles the European and North American political culture in that it emphasizes the freedom of religion, personal liberty, constitutional law, and regional autonomy (Alston et al.1997). These political concepts are not innate to Canada but stems in various degrees from the French civil law traditions, the British common law, the English civic traditions, and the North American aboriginal government. Just like in America, peace, order, and good governance are the objectified goals of the Canadian government. The Canadian political culture is characterized by a strong tradition of tolerance, compromise, and loyalty. There is no time in history where Canadian politics have undergone swift, revolutionary changes. Infact, the political landscape of Canada have slowly changed through the various stages, necessitated by the interested parties, the government of the day, and regional consultations (Cummins & Christopher, 2005). Liberalism, a concept borrowed particularly from the United States has also been deeply entrenched in the Canadian political landscape. As demonstrated by the support for the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, individual rights have risen to the front position of legal and political importance for most Canadians. The Canadian political scene now allows for women rights, liberal attitudes towards homosexuality, a relatively free economy, and other egalitarian considerations. Nowadays, the Canadian political culture boasts of a great sense of collective responsibility as demonstrated by the general support of the universal care, foreign control, as well as gun control social programs (Gershenfeld, 2007) However, as already mentioned, many of the concepts that the Canadians have internalized in the political culture are foreign, and many have been influenced by the United States (US) and its close proximity to Canada. Precisely put, the Canadian political landscape has been Americanized. This Americanization is perceived warmly by right-wing political heavyweights, while being carried with a lot of contempt by the left-wing political conduits. The left-wingers argue that Americanization has left Canadians with no image of their own as they are unable to separate themselves from the Americans. Inf
Nowadays, vehement attention has to be paid to the wellness of the elderly and older adults due to the vulnerability of their health and absence of the individuals, who will be able to take care of them during the critical situations and emergency (Miller, 2009). Nonetheless, it remains apparent that the differences require particular kinds of treatments to maintain the physical stability of the patients and ensuring their safety. In this case, the primary goal of the paper is to determine the issues related to the problem described below while defining its legal and ethical contradictions and determining the plan for actions. In the context of the case, the son reported that his father was diagnosed with cancer, and his mother is not able to take care of herself due to dementia. Meanwhile, dementia is the primary cause of the lack of the understanding of the current financial condition of the family, as some of the important documents are lost. Another problem is the broken hip of the dad, which occurred due to the absence of responsibility of the hired employee to repair the housing. Lastly, it is apparent that the son and his brothers have busy working hours and cannot visit their parents while one of the siblings has a criminal record. A combination of these problems upsurges the complexity of the situation, as it is vital to cover the dissimilar issues. Based on the circumstances described above the primary legal and ethical issues can be identified while being critical components for the establishment of the actions plan and recommendations. In this instance, the majority of the problems are related to the condition of the mother due to dementia, as the evaluation of the capacity of self-management of financial resources has to be assessed to determine the critical aspects associated with this matter (Rose & Lopez, 2012). Meanwhile, another crucial feature is the inability evaluate the involvement of the person with the mental disease in the decision-making process coherently (Niemeijer, Depla, Frederiks, & Hertogh, 2015). The prejudice about the condition of the father related to the overreaction to the diagnosis by relatives also questions reasons for the particular actions due to existence of the particular association with required post-cancer treatment (Watters, 2016). The last matt