ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The question of whether God exists at all is technical and requires absolute care to get to the reality that does surround it. It is surrounded by the philosophical and religious beliefs that are related to it and the ideologies that are commonly accepted. In the article “Defining God into Existence” God is shown as a “Deus sive natura” which is an Italian word that stands for “God is nature”. This is one of the stronger points that the article accords to God and the possibility of his existence. It is an article that do have various points of view in relation to the answering the question of whether God does exist or not. An argument that is based on this matter is reasonable. The classical argument too requires one to get the insight of who the “nature” that is referred to as God really is. A classical argument does ask for clarifications on matters that are out to define God’s existence and not mere conclusions of his existence as the article refers to him “nature”. To what extent this nature is related to Gods existence in life matters a lot and should be clarified for a better comprehension of the variables involved. It is considerate to have the classical approach against the definition of his existence because nature is wide and versatility of the believer is the only aspect that can make things clear. It is a strong aspect that is in the article. “Defining God into existence” is an article that attempts to define God in relation to apophatic teachings of the “via negativa”. This is defining Gods existence by what he is. It is based on the conformist definitions such as theism that says God is limitless and he is not a creation or predetermined being. It is an argument that according to me is weak and does not take into consideration the “via positiva” approach. This is a cataphatic approach that theology adopts as it tries to bring out what God is and his actual existence. It is a positive kind that does say he is omnipotent for example, and he is infinite as opposed to the apophatic argument of God as a finite being. The positive theology is full of the mainstream followers such as the Roman Catholics and eastern orthodoxies that are related to the incarnation of Jesus as the divine unveiling. It is based on the article; “Defining God into Existence” a point of view which I don’t find strong enough to support God’s existence. Out of the variable involved am able to outline the way it is exclusive of all-around definition as argued by the apophatic believers of the Christian teachings. It is a scope that does include God as an unknown phenomenon that is coming out to the light (Norman 12). Believers have for a long time known God and the recent unveiling as a new phenomenon is exclusive of other perspectives hence making
The essence of the leadership job is the development of an enabling environment such that followers obtain relevant perspectives on their challenges. Consequently, through the creation of such contexts, the leader can use the followers’ potential to reach high-performance levels and propel the organization to its objective ideal. While leadership definition will border on distinct traits, the reality is that often a single leader combines these traits to create a particular leadership behavior. The common traits include post-heroic leadership, guru, transformational, behavioral, contingency, matrix, and charismatic. The transactional and transformational typologies of leadership are the dominant ones. The leadership framework consists of four components of leadership, namely visioning, relating, sense-making, and inventing, which are discussed later. Effective leadership, which in many cases is transformative leadership, calls for a combination of wisdom, intelligence, and creativity; the leader is constantly making decisions on the right way of marshaling these resources. By using creativity, leaders generate ideas and then rely on intelligence to evaluate the suitability of the ideas to the present situation. At the same time, the leader would rely on practical intelligence to implement the idea. Wisdom comes in handy when the leader is balancing the interests of shareholders such that the leader’s actions lead to the common good. Although leaders can be creative and intelligent through education and apprenticeship, wisdom is often hard to acquire. Wisdom in the leadership sense corresponds with the successful use of creativity, intelligence, and knowledge to realize a range of results such as common good, balance of extra personal, inter-personal and intrapersonal interests, considering short term and long-term needs, and finally adapting to or shaping and selecting environments. Wisdom in a leader leaves a mark on the followers. At the same time, the lack of wisdom is often a common characteristic of unsuccessful leaders, who in most cases succumb to fallacies of thoughts that border on foolishness. In the first case of leadership fallacy, the leader develops an unrealistic optimism to think of themselves as very smart and effective such that they can accomplish and do whatever they want. The second case of fallacy relates to egotism where successful leaders embrace a sense of importance and no one else and t
According to Marx, primitive accumulation plays an important role in triggering the capitalist relations because it constitutes the starting point of the production mechanism. The point of departure has a historical nature because capitalism is the product of pre-historic development and economic revolutions. Specific attention should be given to the moment when the production process was separated from the means of production. Hence, when the leading actors, including the high social classes and lower layers offering labor force, entered the free market, even the slight inequalities existing among those groups could be significantly amplified. As a result, the manufactures depend on the workforce to produce consumer goods whereas laborers were free in choosing the producers to whom they are ready to sell their labor power. The exchange is unfair because the workers make this choice to earn money for living. The service offered by them has become a commodity for the leading employers to offer their specific price. The historic foundation of the emerging primitive accumulation is explained by the pre-historic existence of the classes that accumulated wealth and the groups who agreed to sell their services for manufacturing goods. Therefore, the workers did not have other choice than propose their own workforce as the commodity which they could sell. Such a decision points to the emergence of capitalists relations. Such a system of commodity exchange has become the starting pointing in divorcing the manufacturer from the means of producing goods and services. The emerged distribution is also premised on the transformation of social means of production and subsistence into capitalist system. As Marx states, the main principle of primitive accumulation lies in absence of equality. In particular, the economist elaborates on violent dispossession of the entire social class from taking control over the production means through illegal acts. Such a process, therefore, can be regarded as the victimization of the population that is initiated by the governmental apparatus. The role of the state in shaping the primitive accumulation is emphasized, although violence was the leading means of controlling the population. In order to explain the nature of the necessary evil practiced by the state, Marx refers to the origins of primitive accumulation taking roots in sixteenth century to examine how this phenomenon was established. In the course of this exploration, the economist finds out that the capitalist structure has developed from the feudalism by dissolution of the constituents of production. The gradual displacement of feudal system occurred by means of mutual engagement into developing a new system of commodity exchange. Presenting the human labor as a product that can be purchased has become the trigger of reconsideration of feudalist power, as well as the enslavement of the labor workers. Such a change can also be interpreted as a transition to a new type of servitude. The proposed interpretation differs much from the one introduced by Marx b
Name of Restaurant  Security  Food Specialty                 Parking Space Meraz               Good      Home-Made                      Average       Brasserie           Good      Traditional Recipes            Large         Muhib               Good      Traditional and Modern Indian  Average       Aladdin             Good      Indian Cuisine                 Large         Bengal Village      Good      Traditional Bangladesh         Average       Clipper             Good      Modern Dishes                  Average       Chilies             Good      Vegetarian and Meat            Large         Cinnamon            Good      Modern Stylish-Ethical Dishes  Average       Fika                Good      Swedish Cuisine                Average       Sheba               Good      Popular Indian Dishes          Average        This benchmarking table shows different strategies employed by restaurant owners to attract customers. It is necessary to explain that the issue of security is provided by both the local government and arrangements made by hotel owners. Therefore, most restaurants have good security to protect the welfare of clients and none can boast of a superior strategy to enhance the safety of patrons. However, it can be noted that some restaurants have large parking spaces and this is a plus in competing with others. Most of these restaurants were established to accommodate families and other social gatherings. Therefore, the need to have a large parking space is an added advantage to competitors. However, it is important to understand that these restaurants specialise in different foods. The most popular ones are traditional cuisines (Indian, Bangladesh and Swedish) while only a handful pay attention to modern diets. However, there is a unique twist in the cuisines offered by these restaurants and Chilies seems to beat its competitors by accommodating the interests of vegetarians. Strategic Grouping Map The strategic grouping map shown in the diagram above represents how the restaurant industry in the United Kingdom is differentiated. It is necessary to explain that most of these businesses offer services that reflect the cosmopolitan nature of the United Kingdom. Indians and Swedes are amongst the most targeted groups by the local restaurants. In addition, Brick Lane has many restaurants and all of them seem to be making money from their services; therefore, the hotel industry in this region is a good investment. Restaurant owners seem to target people from different regions of the world and that is why most of their hotels specialize in traditional cuisines. However, a new twist is introduced in the market by restaurants that offer healthy foods that attract people from special groups, including vegetarians and those that do not consume genetically modified products (Gibson 2012). Chilies Restaurant offers unique packages because they realized the need to offer vegetarians menus that accommodate their i
Figure 1. Landscape. The photograph reflects a marvelous landscape combining the elements of human interference in the form of buildings; it is necessary to underline the fact that the picture is to be referred to as representational style, or descriptive style of photography. The picture was selected because of its natural sincerity having no elements of artificial or manipulation presentation. The photograph under analysis depicts nature in all its beauty and magic. The landscape illustrated is considered to combine three important elements to be characterized: timing, light and weather. The composition of the photo is not complicated with additional stressed objects of nature. It discloses a clear focus on forests and fields slowly moving to a gloomy and pale illustration of the river. The reflection of green tones, bright and pale, says about the summer period somewhere far from industrialized noisy cities. It is necessary to state that the foreground of the photo adds a three-dimensionality look. The placement of the horizon provides a framing for natural composition; besides, it makes the picture involving and thought-provoking. Lighting plays the most influential role in photo perception. It is necessary to underline the fact that the landscape is shown in diffused lighting making the photo deep and living. The attractiveness of the landscape is underlined by the combination of warm colors which shows wonderful weather and corner of nature. The photograph is more rather horizontal than vertical disclosing the panorama shooting. Landscape imagery covers a number of objects of nature, such as trees, fields, and a river. It seems that the author strived to demonstrate the rate of human interference with nature showing the contrast between the plowed land and untouched green space of nature. Some buildings demonstrated in the photo are considered to be the identifications of harmony between human beings and the environment. The photo was chosen for its living character and deep thought; it is so involving, that makes me feel the environment illustrated. The photographer tried to demonstrate the reality in all its beauty; it is necessary to underline the fact that the author reflected the most significant colors of nature. The dimension of the objects stresses the distance of making the photo; the image illustrates the view on the horizon through living fields and forests. Besides, the details of the composition are not symmetrically presented speaking about undisturbed forests. The trees are not artificially grown the people did not participate in the natural process, though the fields reflect their activities. The photograph is marvelous and emotionally colored. It makes the viewer think about the role of nature and its beauty; the author managed to demonstrate the most important tones making the picture realistic and living. The representational style of the photo was strictly followed through its obj
Perception, in its literal meaning, is anything that people believe to be in their set of minds and thoughts. It is something, which people consider to be the way they imagine with the help of their sensory organs. Perception is affected by several factors present in the environment, and these factors influence the discernment of a person, which also influences the communication process which is undertaken due to the very perception 1 . Communication and types of Communication Communication is said to be a process that consists of a message encoded by a sender, sent through a channel to a particular receiver who decodes it and provides his/her feedback to the sender. Communication is the vital energy, the paramount source of interaction and building relationships. Not only are the human profound communicators, but even animal and plants tend to communicate too. Hence, nature has made communication an important characteristic of the world. Communication, in a broader sense, is divided into verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication deals with words spoken and written, whereas nonverbal deals with gestures, expressions, time, and the physical space. Research proves that seventy percent of the communication is based on nonverbal cues, while the rest lay on the words spoken. The spoken words also illustrate the expression of human beings by the tone and pitch of the voice. It all accumulates at one single point: communication is eternal and the epicenter of human actions and relationships. Communication is a widely practiced phenomenon, but the way people communicate differs from place to place, culture to culture, between the genders, from age to age, and from mind to mind. Hence, it can be said that the way people perceive things in their environment; they tend to communicate the same way. A famous example is of being the glass half-filled or half empty. Most of the people reply it be half empty because their perceptions are shaped pessimistically, while rest are optimistic in their lives, it is the perception of their mind which directs them to say things. Man does not see the reality, but what he sees, imagines it to be the reality, even if there is another side of the picture. Perceptions shape communications and these perceptions are visible to others when they communicate 2 . Perceptio
Section 1 of the United States Constitution provides that all power shall be vested in the Congress which should have powers to draft law and make other important decisions to run the state. The Congress comprises of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Under Section 2, the eligibility and the mode of conducting elections for House of Representatives is provided. The House of Representatives comprises of persons from every state who have to meet some qualifications for them to be suitable to hold office. The section stipulates that no person shall be a representative unless that person has attained twenty-five years of age. It should be noted that for the person to be eligible to be voted as a member in the House of Representatives, he or she must have stayed in the United States for more than seven years. Section 3 provides that the United States shall consist of two senators for every state. Elections in each state are to be provided for by an enactment. It is the duty of each House to keep a journal of its proceedings. The journal is supposed to be published with the proceedings with exception to the parts that may require secrecy. Section 5 provides that the each house should comply with the governing rules without adjourning unnecessarily (Tushnet, 2009). Article 1 of the constitution provides for the right to religion. The Article nullifies any law formed to establish any religion. The same Article declares any form of law tha
Introduction Arguably the most idealized image in America is that of the cowboy. The cowboy is typically pictured as a lone English-speaking, self made man riding majestically on a horse. He surpasses his limits and rises above all troubles. This image of the cowboy inspires patriotic sentiments to the American and is a representation of the American ideals. Hillis declares that there are “few cultural images as widespread and enduring as the image of the American cowboy” (17). The conceived image of the cowboy embodies the perceived virtues and abilities of the entire American society. The image of the stereotypical western cowboy who is brave, just and noble has all but erased the truth about the real cowboy who existed in the mid 1800s. Wright acknowledges how much the history of the wild west has become enshrined in myth by stating that “it seems this land has become our tradition- a tradition based not on the West itself but on the myth of the West” (24). The West as most people think of it if therefore more of a historical force rather than a historical fact. The reality is that the cowboy (the historical figure) was not as novel as the idealized creation makes him out to be. The battles he waged were seldom just and he did not represent peace. This paper shall set out to give a true depiction of the cowboy by differentiating the myths from the realities. The paper will begin by tracing the birth of the cowboy and how the image of the cowboy has become enshrined in myth. The paper shall then explore the reality of the cowboy so as to reinforce the fact the image of the cowboy that most people have is an invention of myth and not reality. Birth of the Cowboy The Cowboy was born in Texas in the mid 1800s as a result of the great cattle herds that were available. Following the independence of Texas, many Mexican’s fled to the south leaving behind thousands of cattle which were grazing in the marshlands. These cattle were considered public property since they had no owners. The inhabitants of southern Texas discovered that rounding up the strays and driving them to the market was good business. Wallace notes that the concept of rounding up cattle and driving them to the market was nothing new and the practice had been in existence even before the Civil War (17). Ranches were also established by individuals or companies and here, large herds were reared. The success of a rancher w
The mind-body problem The relationship between the body and the mind has elicited debates based to the problems that individuals encounter in trying to understand these problems. It is referred to as the mind-body problem from the difficulties that are encountered in understanding the working of the body and that of the mind. Philosophers have found themselves in dilemma over what controls the other. As they ask, is it the body that controls the mind or it is the mind that controls the body? The two facets of this argument become confusing when some approach it from the mind-body perspective as others approach it from body-mind perspective. My assertion is that the two facets are not related in any way and therefore each point of view should be taken on different occasions to avoid confusing the two. The usage of these two concepts inter-changeably is what contributes to the problems and mystery in understanding them. The mind body facet explains how the activities of the mind dictate the action of the body. For example, how the mind sends the sense of danger to the body when a hand is placed on fire causing the person to immediately withdraw the hand from the fire. This can be explained biologically. On the other hand, the body-mind problem explains how the actions of the body influence the brain. This can not be supported from the biological perspective but psychologists have made attempts to explain how it can happen. Free will-and-determinism Most scholars have developed various strictures that indicate the non-existence of determinism and freedom. The most basic arguments are based on the vague and ambiguous definitions of these terms. Determinism states that future occurrences are products of the present conditions and the laws of nature. The failure of determinism lays in the inclusion of the natural law in its definitions. This is because the natural laws are applied in the same ways across the globe. However, the occurrence of a situation at a specific point may not necessary predict future occurrences across the globe. That is, just because Brazilians are good soccer players does not mean that Canadians will be good at it in the future. Similarly, the definitions of the free will are by no means conclusive. Free will advocates for individual choices that is not in anyway affected by the surrounding. However, it is clear that the decisions made are largely determined by the prevailing surrounding. For instance, one may chose to support