ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
With the variety of socially pressing issues existing these days, some strengthened by the ongoing pandemic and social distancing introduced in many parts of the world, it might be difficult to choose just one to discuss. Accepting such a challenge, in the framework of this paper, we aim at addressing the issue of gender inequality and its many implications on American society. Gender inequality as a social problem is more than multi-faceted. It is not just the fight for the women’s rights, elimination of the gender pay gap or the harassment phenomenon. It deals with domestic and workplace sexism, destructive social norms and expectations, denying women the ability to take control over their bodies, minds, and aspirations. While some still live in the left-wing democratic information bubble and expect that American society is far ahead, famously leading the rest of the world by example, the reality proves to hit back. It is fair to say that the nation is divided – as some women launch meaningful campaigns, for example, ‘Equality Can’t Wait’ project of Melinda Gates, the elected President calls women ‘dogs’ or ‘horsefaces,’ defining the norm of body shaming under their administration (Bump; Werber). However, the above stated represents only one part of the story. Finding someone to blame has always been an honorary social tradition, as it helped release the accumulated public anger and create the sense that justice has been finally served. There is hardly any need to go far searching for examples – Harvey Weinstein case is one of the main instances of selective perception in modern society ( Full Coverage: Harvey Weinstein Is Found Guilty of Rape ). The voices of those who disagree with the fact that the resolution of one case of rape allegations against men in power in favor of their victims are safely buried under the enhanced belief in the trustworthiness of law enforcement ( Full Coverage: Harvey Weinstein Is Found Guilty of Rape ). Even this does not reflect the full spectrum of the current debate on gender equality. Men and women have always seen gender equality differently. The 2019 polls show that men are twice as likely to claim gender equality has already been achieved in their respective countries (Naidu-Ghelani). These statements come as no
Introduction As the topic suggests, diversity is the logic that regardless of where one belongs to, who they are, or what their backdrop is, there is a position for them. Diversity customs, the implementation of constructive approaches to variety in the place of work, is being inspired by companies implementing egotism in an ‘hour-glass’ shaped employment market. Mounting dexterity and labor deficiency attached with more contradictory hassles for litheness from both companies and workers make optimistic personnel multiplicity guiding principles beneficial or even decisive to victory. Diversity has gone further than permissible consent and has become a setting that is comprehensive of all factions, makes the most of the prospective of all human resources, and signifies the assortment of viewpoints all recruits bring to the place of work at the methodical, scientific, administrative, and organizational stages. “High quality, well-paid jobs [will become] increasingly segregated from low quality, low paid jobs by the erosion of the ‘middle’ jobs which traditionally provided the ladders from one to the other.” (Kenyon, 2003) The ensuing ‘hour-glass’ occupation market shapes the background for several features influencing self-regarding companies to comprehend their multiplicity probability. These aspects comprise proficiency dearth which generates a seller’s market of particular human resources, in addition to superior burdens for elasticity amid both companies necessitating 24/7 operational on the one hand, and human resources yearning to resolve domicile and employment requirements on the other. As Worsley disagreed that such issue indicates, variety will be additionally successful determined by company egotism than by parameters. (Kenyon, 2003). Description of diversity Diversity can also be described in expressions of individual variations that play an imperative task in the tradition and functioning of associations. The background of an association comprises the traditions, suppositions, viewpoints, principles, regulations, standards, observations, talent, and proficiency that characterize and direct associated by the motives for the survival of the association; also, by what manner its functioning is to be achieved and the regulations for the association. Secondary to it is how it relates to supplements in the association and of those who are not a part of this association. These aspects call for deliberation when identifying, deciding on, and employing potential alliance associates. A varied faction can work jointly efficiently on common objectives and purposes through agreement and collaboration. Over and over again, an ethnically varied combination is envisioned in the disconcerting logic, to a certain extent than the optimistic. It is simple to recognize the intrinsic complications and obstructions linked with variations in faith, divisions, age, immobilization, expert standing, and sexual orientation, the expanse of the inauguration, learning height, or even remun
Abstract This paper sheds light in the current state of research on employee turnover and retention through analysis of the contemporary theory. It goes a notch higher to examine the postulations of various researchers on the topic with the aim of evaluating their validity regarding employee engagement, quality of supervision, employee turnover, and employee retention. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of research and the applicability of the theory in understanding the various factors that influence turnover and retention. Introduction Competition the global market is stiff and many organizations are faced with the challenge of managing it even though studies suggest that it has never been an easy task. For many organizations, they prefer the option of recruiting and retaining the best human resources because they are the core of any business in the modern world. The costs of turnover are very high meaning an organization cannot risk losing the best workers who are familiar with the organizational culture and work schedule. For instance, the management has to plan for the recruitment costs, leave capitalization, temporary worker costs, relocation costs, and training in case employees exit the organization in mass. Other challenges that the organization is likely to face include handling the expanded human resource, loss of productivity, and arranging for transitional meetings. Again, the management will miss meeting the required goals because the deadlines will have to be adjusted if important employees quit. Based on this, the organization has to do everything under its control to ensure the rates of turnover are lowered and the retained employees are satisfied. Current Theory Treuren and Frankish talk about job embeddedness concept derived from job embeddedness theory. They view client embeddedness as a form of job embeddedness meaning the extent at which the employee if attached to the organizational clients. In their analysis, they note that an employee might have a second though towards quitting because of the close relationship he or she enjoys with the clients. The existing literature talks about the various factors that may either encourage the employee to leave or remain in the organization for long. According to Deconinck and Stilwell (2004), pay satisfaction has a negative correlation with the intention to leave the organization among workers. This means that non-material reasons are directly responsible for either retention or turnover in any organization, especially in the not-for-profit sector. In their study, Brown and Yoshioka (2003) insisted on the special role that organizational mission play in encouraging the worker to continue serving the organizatio
Introduction The present paper provides a response to the case study, in which Vic and Novi are preparing for a meeting to discuss their future business relationships. Novi is upset that Vic has hired a new employee with higher power over the marketing decisions about the product Novi has been working on. Vic is afraid that Novi wants to quit her job, which would be disappointing considering how much time Vic has invested in the development of Novi. Both parties need to handle their emotions to ensure the best possible outcome. The paper provides several recommendations for Novi and Vic to prepare for the meeting. Recommendations for Both Parties There are at least three recommendations applicable for both Novi and Vic. First, both parties need to consider their opening to make it as clear as possible. Many people believe that they know what their preferable outcomes are; however, most of the time, they do realize their initial claim is. Therefore, both parties need to clearly articulate their position and select the best wording to explain it to the other party. It is crucial not to exaggerate the initial claim for both parties due to emotions. It is best to write down the opening for it to be concise, up-to-the-point, and reasonable. Second, it is crucial for both parties to listen to be aware of possible psychological biases that may affect the dynamics of the negotiation. In particular, close attention should be paid to reactive devaluation, which is a tendency to devalue proposals that appear to come from the adversaries before they are considered on their merits. Merely being aware of the concept makes a person pinpoint and react to possible reactive devaluations that come from both sides. Awareness helps to keep the emotions down, which is crucial in the negotiations with a high level of uncertainty and personal evolvement. Therefore, both Novi and Vic are recommended to learn about the concept of reactive devaluation. Third, the parties need to try and select settings that appear neutral for both Novi and Vic. When one wants to be unemotional, it is only natural to choose a place that has no memories of the past. Additionally, the conditions should also be neutral, which involves the level of noise, the possibility of interruption, temperature, and lighting. It may seem that Vic’s office would be a suitable place for the meeting; however, in this place, Vic would feel powerful, and Novi would possibly act defensively. Therefore, it is best to select another location for negotiations, such as the special room for negotiations or some place outside the corporate building. Special Recommendations for Novi The central recommendation for Novi is to assess her strengths and weaknesses to ensure that her claims are reasonable. Novi should be aware that women often low-ball themselves and their position i
Reasons for choosing the topic Globalization is the historical process of the world’s transformation into the unified system that would have the uniform characteristics. Each person in the global society is involved in this process and contributes to its development through his/her everyday life decisions and actions. Thus, the comprehension of factors influencing globalization, as well as the individual’s role in the process, is of significant interest. The lecture examines globalization from multiple points of view: cultural/religious, economic, and historical. The historical and cultural analysis of globalization allows identification of causes and people’s motivation that underlie the process development. The lecture provokes the interest to the evaluation of the consequences of globalization. The accumulation of the first experience has started with watching the different documentary and feature movies about the global and cultural integration such as The Cup , The Corporation , Mumbai Calling , and others. They tell the stories of individuals from different countries and depict the globalization as an inevitable process-affecting people live to a large extent. Global
What is the article about? The article is about family issues. It resembles soap operas. What is the style of the article? The style of writing was descriptive writing. I think so because it focused on describing the character (wife). It was also poetic and the desirable wife was described in detail. What is the tone of the article? The tone of the article was depressing. This is so because the author seems to be in deep thought and facing serious difficulties that lead her to consider getting a ‘wife’. List at least 10 vocabularies that you are interested in or hardly understand The vocabularies included nurturant, hours, d’oeuvres, rambling, replenish, clutter, liberty, intellectual, adherence, and monogamy. Summary of the article In the first paragraph, the author clarified that she was a wife and a mother. In the second paragraph, she talks of a man she met recently. The man had been recently divorced and was looking for another wife. This is where the thought of having a wife came to the author. In the third paragraph, the author explained the reasons why she needed a wife. She was thinking of furthering her studies and becoming financially stable. She also needed a wife that would take care of the children’s needs. This individual had to ensure that the children were well fed and clothed. The children’s social needs also had to be addressed. In the fourth paragraph, the author argued that she needed a wife that would take care of her physical needs. The individual had to do her house chores, ensure that her clothes were clean, ironed, and mended, cook her meals, and do the shopping. She also needed that person who would go on vacation with her family and take care of them whenever they need. In the fifth paragraph, the author explained that she needed a wife who would simply work and not complain about her duties. She also needed to be a good listener so that she would listen to her as she presents her issues. In the sixth paragraph, the author needed a wife who would take care of her social life. This included taking care of her children as she went to meet her friends. She was also to attend to the visitors that came visiting. In the seventh paragraph, the author expressed her desire to have a wife that would take care of her sexual needs. The wife had to be faithful and understanding. In the eighth paragraph, the author elaborates that she needs the freedom to exchange the w
Summary The current article provides a discussion of the impact of framing of the television news coverage on a social protest. Specifically, the study was focused on an anarchist protest. The study reveals that the impact of the police and protesters’ perception, as documented by Mclead (1995), may also entail support for the expressive rights of protesters, its effectiveness, an assessment of the support for social protest by members of the public, and their judgment on the newsworthiness of the protesters. The researchers applied three news stories that was different in terms of status quo support levels (that are, high, medium, and low). This was with a view to revealing the linear consistency of the effects of framing TV news coverage on a social protest, as opposed to a curvi-linear assessment (McLeod & Detenber, 1999). The study has also reveals framing effects that further support the existing concerns on the support of status quo, as put forth by media critics. In addition, these framing effects point out how significant journalists’ framing decisions are, along with their choice of words, pictures and sources, and their eventual application in news story construction. Framing Theory Entman (1993) defines framing as the selection of specific elements of a perceived reality “and making them more salient in a communicating context” (p. 52). According to Entman (1993), this should be carried out in a way that promotes a specific causal interpretation, moral valuation, problem definition, “and/or treatment recommendation for the item described” (p. 52). In comparison with the conventional media effects strategy, framing can be regarded as a comparatively moral approach “in which the audience is seen as constructing meaning from the rich media environment “(Neuman, Just & Crigler, 1992, p. 7). Thus, a lot of studies have endeavored to examine the different effects of framing on news coverage; however, only a handful of such studies have taken into account the impact of framing on status quo’s support borne of a protest paradigm. In the current study, the authors view the audience as active players in helping to create meaning out of the many sources available, including media messages. The study sought to examine how framing of television news coverage impacted an anarchist protest. The study consisted of three treatment stories (high, medium, and low support stories), all of which varied with respect to the status quo support levels. In this case, the views were greatly influenced by the status quo support and as a result, this reduced the likelihood that they would support the effectiveness of protesters, how they perceived newsworthiness, and the support of members of the public. In fact, status quo support was more likely to be critical of the aforementioned elements. This is an indication that the perception of the audience can be influenced by status quo support. The authors of the article view the effects of news story as a determining factor of the manner in which members of the audience are able to examine the issues, groups, and events that the story addresses. Other than focusing on the construction of news stories, the
Introduction The National New-Style Urbanization Plan is focused on coordinating the development of the urban system taking into account the changes in the economic and social spheres. The rapid economic development of the country is closely linked to and is the result of China’s active urbanization. Over the past decade, the urban population has increased dramatically. The transition from a rural to city life influenced the socio-economic level of the country, which is reflected in the fact that urbanization gave rise to an acceleration of the export-oriented industrialization (Zhang, LeGates, and Zhao 372). It contributed to the fact that the country has managed to raise the living standards significantly, improve the transport infrastructure as well as boost its human capital. However, the rapid growth of cities has led to a host of related problematic trends. The two most pressing of these are the conflict between the needs of agricultural and other land uses (residential, industrial, commercial), as well as the position of rural migrant workers in cities (the lack of access to the local social security system). In order to evaluate whether the proposed program will be as effective as planned, it is essential to assess it from different angles. The Urbanization Plan The problems related to the rapid growth of the city population have accumulated at a certain point and started to prevent the further improvement of the quality of life of the population (Johnson 32). The need for the new comprehensive strategy on issues related to urban development has emerged from the necessity to change the vector of economic development (gradual transition from the commodity-export model), to balance the level of development of different regions, and to level the imbalance between rural and urban populations. The essence of the plan is the reformation of urbanization at several levels simultaneously (Zhang, LeGates, and Zhao 372). The main changes are related to the conversion of the land policy. It was proposed to strengthen the farmers’ rights to property and to limit the influence of local authorities. It should help to make cities more functional and less extended, and most importantly, to start using energy more efficiently. Moreover, this approach will allow introducing agricultural technologies that are more advanced. However, over the past decade, the land reforms were supposed to support the rural population; nevertheless, their rights remained vague (Zhang, LeGates, and Zhao 373). In addition, it was considered that the reformation would help to distribute wealth across the country. It was presumed that the prices of rural land would increase after the property rights of the rural population have grown. Regarding the reform of hukou registration system, it is believed to help solve the problem when the population was grounded to a specific territory (Johnson 33). Many villagers were not able to move to bigger cities due to the
Kramer History is one of the most fascinating sciences. Statistics, for example, cannot provide an interested person with astonishing facts, descriptions of heroic battles, and biographies of great people of the past. Math cannot do so either. The learning of history can be a rather entertaining process and edificatory at the same time since real-life situations from the past can teach the future generations how to avoid mistakes done in the past so that they could not to be repeated again. Two World Wars of the past century could be the most convincing examples. However, even more significant episodes in the history of the world are worthy of attention. Considering the context and area the article of Paul Kramer, “Exceptions, and Anglo-Saxons: Race and Rule between the British and United States, 1880-1910” covers, the paper aims to summarize the contents, identify, and thoroughly evaluate the main argument as well as critically assess its effectiveness and significance. Summary The article tends to explore the events and the related historical context of the period from 1880 to 1910. This period is known in the history as the times of tense intercolonial relationships between the British Empire and the USA. The focus of the paper is on the debates about the annexation of the Philippines, the colonialism of Britain and the USA, and “Anglo-Saxon” racism that was presented in the late 19 th century as the excuse for aggressive colonial politics of Britons and their overseas counterparts-partners, Americans. The article includes three sections. The first section is about “Anglo-Saxon” racism issue developed by Americans and Britons to justify the U.S. colonial politics in the Asian region and to level the accusations in national exceptionalism, providing the argumentation of racial exceptionalism (Anglo-American bonds). The second section is about the tensions between Anglo-Saxonist “anti-imperialist” critics who argued that the Philippine-American War and acquisition of colonies overseas were not acceptable, not reprehending though any other forms of the U.S. Empire. Finally, the third section is about the eventual decline of the colonial argument of Anglo-Saxonist concept and the growing popularity of the idea of a national-exceptional colonialism that appeared to be more suitable for the realities of the changing geopolitics. The section also describes the postwar realities on the political scene in Philippines and the intensifying “racial” diversity within the United States social and political environment. Main Argument The research seems to have significant depth of arguments and historical analysis as it uses relevant sources and solid background. The main argument is the Anglo-American complicated relationships of 1880-1910. The author demonstrated two different approaches to the evaluation of the issue: the problems of the empire and the role of the emerging racial ideology, considering its increasing role in the foreign policy of the USA. The article emphasizes the influence of the U.S. debates regarding the empire and its colonial eff