ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of the paper is to present the recommendation of a specific action that should be taken by technical management. Originally, the optical systems, which are used to defend workers from the machinery are one of the central factors of safety, as optical systems are used in most safety equipment. The paper is aimed to touch upon the issues of proper equipment and analysis of the industrial environment. Report O begin with, it should be emphasized that the manufacturing industry increasingly relies on effective equipment, nevertheless, this equipment and machinery are regarded to be potentially dangerous, especially if safety rules are ignored. Consequently, the issues of protection and safety are becoming the predominantly important for the management of the industrial enterprises. The workers should be protected against possible injuries while using the machinery or some potentially dangerous equipment. In order to protect employees from machinery-related injuries, amputations and traumas, safeguard measures should be used. These measures entail the installation of appropriate safety devices and implementation of the safety requirements into the working process. Originally, optical systems are regarded to be the most widely used in the safety equipment, as they are regarded to be the quickest and the most reliable, if applied properly. One of the most popular safety systems is the safety light screen, which contains an LED emitter array and the phototransistor receiver that together create a sensing field with a specified detection capability. (_________). The principle of this system is covered in the light-receiving principle. If phototransistor de
The architecture of the 20 th century was specific and different from the previous years. Living in the time of technological development, the architecture idea did not lag behind and the specialist from all over the world tried to present their ideas on the paper and to implement them in the buildings. Architectures wanted to present the world with the new masterpieces which would be absolutely different from the previously existing. The architecture had a tendency to the rational and functional buildings. Looking on the cities in the 19 th century and comparing them with those of the 20 th century, a great change may be noticed. Innovative technologies played their role. Still, the architecture ideas were not on the last place. The Sydney Opera House is the greatest example of innovative thoughts and original ideas introduced in the public building by Jorn Utzon. The design of the building was particular and noticing and made it popular all over the world. The architect managed to create a building that became the symbol of Australia and will attract attention of the visitors from different countries for many years. The main purpose of the paper is to dwell upon the architecture of the 20 th century and Jorn Utzon as one of the representatives of the era, pointing to his design theories and concepts; taking his Sydney Opera House as the one of the brightest examples of the architecture of the 20 th century, we will discuss the built form, typological characteristics of the design and the public evaluation of the building in use. Architecture and urban design in the 20 th century The development of the world in general opened many of new ideas for architects. The development of cities was necessary as most of them were destroyed by war events. In fact, the changes of the cities were necessary for many reasons. People began think differently, the innovative technologies began to enter people’s life. Those who searched for freedom wanted to think broader, looking on the 20 th century cities from the modern perspective, it may be concluded that most countries managed to change and to give the society what they wanted. The 20 th century may be called the age of ‘antiquarian curiosity and adaptation’ in architecture. The huge influence on the development of the cities and architecture in the 20 th century is noticed from the West. Europe had already invented the modern style according to which the urban design was created and architecture changed, so the countries with less influence felt this impact on the architecture ideas. The rise of such trends in architecture as neo-Hellenism and no-classicism is noticed. Looking on the public buildings in the 20 th century, it is seen that the architects tried to make them a
Do You Think Marco Van Hopen Understands the Importance of Operations to His Business? Marco Van Hopen understands the importance of operations as he notes that the company is experiencing a considerable growth but there are a number of issues which can be handled when the company will become “organized” (as cited in Chambers & Johnston, 2009, p. 29). The company was founded in 1999 and it was a small organization. However, the company has grown into an organization with sixteen full-time employees and more than twenty part-time employees. Van Hopen notes that it is difficult to predict the costs and profit, which is inappropriate for such a big company. Van Hopen also claims that they have developed trustful relationships with their clients and it is crucial to meet their clients’ expectations. Remarkably, Marco Van Hopen is enthusiastic about the change, though he still does not know how to plan and implement the change. For instance, he understands that production services are more profitable, but he is still indecisive as for the development of this part of the business. On the one hand, he claims that this area has a great potential as more and more clients need these services. On the other hand, equipment hire and sales is more predictable and, hence, it is a safer area. Therefore, he does not want to change the major focus of the company. He also states that the company needs certain restructuring which will enable employees cooperate more efficiently (Chambers & Johnston, 2009). This collaboration will help the company reduce costs and potentially increase profits. What Contribution Does He Seem to Expect from His Operations? Firstly, Van Hopen wants to take control over the costs. Thus, he states that reorganization of certain processes can help reduce the costs, “by working together more we could increase our ability to take on more work without increasing our cost base” (as cited in Chambers & Johnston, 2009, p. 29). Notably, costs reduction is one of the key elements of operation management (Slack, Chambers & Johnston, 2010). Marco Van Hopen expects to get larger revenues as a result of the operations management. He notes that improvement of their operations will lead to new contracts and, as a result, to larger revenues. Admittedly, this is one of the core goals within operations management (Greasley, 2007). Finally, Van Hopen expects that they will be able to achieve the goals mentioned above without large investment, though he understands that certain amount of funds will be spent to carry out the change. Nonetheless, Van Hopen seeks for ways to reduce costs and increase revenues with minimum investment. One of possible ways (according to Van Hopen) is restructuring the organization. This is quite a cost-effective way to make the organization more efficient and competitive. The Supply Network for AAF and AAF
The most striking aspect of the photo in Appendix 1, which consists of a horse, is the manner that the photo is taken in terms of the photo’s point of focus. The photographer could have opted to take the photo of the entire horse. However, he or she eliminates the horse’s head, tail, and legs. As highlighted by the focus of the light and the enlargement of the image, this makes the ribs of the horse to be the photo’s point of focus. I believe that this is intended to pass a message across. Essentially, the ribs are highly visible as if protruding from the skin. Historically and up to date, human beings value and take care of horses. The protruding ribs highlight several possibilities. It could be that the horse is being neglected by its owner, most probably because that owner cannot take care of it due to ill health or other reasons. It could also be a sign that in the area where the horse is located, there is persistent poverty that the horse cannot get any feeds. Optionally, it could be that the horse has been stricken by a disease that makes it difficult for the horse to feed well. This brings about uncertainty and sadness as it becomes apparent that under whichever circumstances, the horse is of ill health, and its survival chances may be limited. Nevertheless, by today’s standards, horses are owned by the affluent and persons with a passion for keeping horses. Considerably, one cannot say that there is extreme poverty that could make a horse experience similar starvation depicted in the picture. Poverty and starvation are significantly controlled. Also, medicine has advanced to the extent that most diseases are curable or manageable. This highlights that a person can only think of an incurable disease as the only cause of the horse’s ill health. In this case, the horse’ ill-health resonates with the fear of the unknown, the inability to tell what may happen next. Importantly, the horse’ ill-health resonates with death, a hidden feeling that most would dare not explore. One can picture human beings and the rest of animals getting infected with the contagious disease in case a cure is not found soon. It can lead to massive death incidents, which people are not prepared to handle. The photo depicts a political landscape that is as weak and paralyzing as the disease or level of poverty that affects the horse. It seems that there is poor political leadership that is unable to take care of the needs of its people. It may be that the political leadership is so disoriented that it has caused an economic depression that is epidemically fatal like the disease that could have infected the horse. Policy direction may be poor with very
Critical thinking is highly important for people to understand facts and create their points of view. The doubting game is considered to be an essential approach to this process. However, the believing game which is opposing to the doubting game is also a useful technique for critical thinking development. The method provides an opportunity to estimate all the positive sides and strengths of the opposite point of view. Moreover, this approach helps to evaluate the personal position and to see its possible drawbacks and weak spots. The believing game does not necessarily require changing the personal position. However, it helps people to be more critical and objective in judgment. Prewriting The topic from the Procon.org Website: vegetarianism: should people become vegetarian? In my opinion, people should eat products of both animal and plant origin because these products provide different elements required for human health. Thus, I do not accept vegetarianism. Reasons which oppose my position and answers to the “believing” questions: 1. It is unethical to kill animals while it is possible to avoid it.   * This idea highlights the ethical issue of vegetarianism. According to it, animals have rights that should be protected.   * If I accepted that it is unethical to kill animals without a particular need, I would notice that eating meat means to commit an unethical deed daily.   * This argument might be correct if it is possible to substitute products of animal origin with plant food without an injury to human health. 2. A vegetarian diet helps to maintain a healthy weight.   * This argument provides helpful information related to personal health: a vegetarian diet prevents obesity.   * If I accepted this argument, I would notice that the majority of vegetarian people do not have a problem with overweight and related health problems.   * This idea is correct and strongly supported by facts. It means that vegetarianism is a good (but not the only one) way to avoid obesity. 3. A vegetarian diet leads to lowering the usage of antibiotics with food   * This argument provides important and helpful information that products of animal origin are harmful because they contain antibiotics.   * If I accepted this idea, I would notice that I am poisoning myself by eating meat.   * This argument is correct until the regulations of the antibiotic usage in animal farms will not be introduced into the practice. Writing From my point of view, people should not become vegetarians. To support my position, I selected the following reasons:   * Eating meat is a natural part of the lifecycle. It is a popular argument of people who promulgate vegetarianism that it is unethical to kill animals. However, in my opinion, it is not unethical. Predators are an essential part of all ecosystems, and no
Big data and the company The 20 th century was called an era of information while the 21 st century is likely to be called the era of information management or rather big data management. It has been acknowledged that information is now accelerated at a very large pace and it will be generated even faster in the future. There are numerous sources of information and they are also increasing in number. This paper will explore the essence of “big data” and evaluate its importance for a particular company. It is necessary to note that the company under analysis is Carrolls® Irish Gifts. The company was established in 1982 with gift shops located in Ireland ( Cead Mile Failte 2013). In 2003, the company started online operations and is sending its products to any place in the world. The company has had certain issues with its online operations, as customers are not satisfied with the quality of services (and sometimes products) they get. In the first place, it is necessary to define the term. Big data can be defined as “data that is too big to fit on a single server, too unstructured to fit into a row-and-column database, or too continuously flowing” (Davenport 2014, p. 1). Interestingly, the term was initially coined by such sciences as genomics and astronomy but it soon spread on all the aspects of people’s lives. In simple terms, ‘big data’ is generated and spread through media and each data set is linked to numerous other sets. Clearly, the Internet is one of the most important tools in big data generation. Such resources as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, blogs, online newspapers and magazines, advertisements, instant messengers and so on provide an enormous amount of data. The modern business world is also subjected to the issue, as companies have to deal with vast amounts of data. Apart from internal set of data (data on partners, customers, procedures, employees and so on), organisations are exposed to unlimited source of information they get from the internet. Many companies understand benefits of online operations and eagerly go online. However, not all companies succeed in this sphere. One of major reasons for companies’ unsuccessful online operations is the absence of the appropriate information system. The companies that only start working extensively online should consider obtaining a decision support system that enables organisations to manage information and come up with efficient decisions on numerous issues (Hemmatfar, Salehi & Bayat 2010). Potential use and value of big data Challenges The company in question is facing a number of challenges associated with big data management. These challenges involve delivery issues, inappropriat
Introduction Television schedules are developed to factor time from daily perspectives to the season-long organization. Many changes have occurred over the history of television operations and programming. Television programming began with some outdated methods of programming until the formation of today’s broadcast automation was developed (1). This paper will look at the main forms of programming in history up to the current approaches of scheduling. Programming has changed from analogue to digital such that television programs can be used to create a new show, maintain the same audience and remain competitive in the industry (2). In the first five decades of television, powerful institutions controlled programming and more content relayed in this media. Therefore, institutions that wanted large audiences, for example, the National Commercial Organization in the United States, programmed the broad ranges of programs available to the audience. Scheduling required large amounts of money, and it relied mostly on finances provided by advertisers (3). The government bureaucracies and the cultural guardians also controlled programming in various aspects. Television programming did not have much room to grow since it had to follow certain prescribed procedure and regulations within the industry. For example, the government programs could be allowed to air at different times of the day and the material aired was strictly regulated contrary to the currently observed freedom of the media. In the past decade, programming has grown to a digital system with limited government control of the content. The centralized method of controlling television schedule changed, and new institutions came in to provide a different economic, technological and organizational framework (4). Since the decentralization of television programming, there has been differentiation and more innovation in this field. The changes in programming suggest that television schedules in the past decades focused more on the extensive and continuous airing of limited information (5). The current forms of programming explain that scheduling is not static, but changes over time. Television programming changed from living programs to design programs whereby agencies could design, budget, and sponsor programs to meet the market needs (6). Block Programming This form of programming involves a combination of particular shows that will attract the attention of the audience for a specified time of the day. For example, in television stations of the United States, the Saturday mornings are cartoon shows targeting children. On Sunday evenings, the stations are male-oriented sports targeting a male audience. Between 1984 and 1987, National Broadcasting Cooperation had a favourite series line up aired on a Thursday evening. Block programming can be seen on the televisions, especially for cable networks. This form of programming has been used to expand an audience by providing program reruns with the aim
The qualitative research design helps to answer the questions of how and why as a result of observations, interviews, and other methods based on the reflection of the detailed information regarding a certain theme. The mentioned research questions are associated with sociology, psychology, and medicine – the areas that require precise attention and acquaintance of qualitative information. In particular, the method of the direct observation or case study as well as in-depth interviews may be utilized to explore the specified questions. Among the key strengths of the qualitative research design, it is possible to note that the qualitative method is a rather useful when the topic is too complicated, and the core question needs to be answered in a descriptive manner. Such methods are much easier to plan and implement, and they are useful when there is the need to take budget decisions (Creswell, 2014). The relatively wider coverage area of ​​the qualitative research design ensures that useful data is generated in any case, whereas the unproven hypothesis in the quantitative experiment can indicate the erroneous nature of the study. Nevertheless, the qualitative research methods are just as independent of sample sizes as the quantitative methods. The medicine research, for example, can provide the meaningful result even with a small sample group. However, some disadvantages of the qualitative research method are to be specified as well. According to Ritchie, Lewis, Nicholls, and Ormston (2013), even though time and resource consumption do not matter for the qualitative method to the extent as for quantitative research, it still requires the cautious approach and planning to guarantee that the results obtained are accurate with the maximum possible. The qualitative data cannot be analyzed mathematically in the same comprehensive way as the quantitative results, and one can merely provide information on the general trends. More to the point, it is much more prone to be affected by the personal opinion and judgment, and, therefore, gives more observations than results. In spite of the mentioned weaknesses of the qualitative research design, its implication seems to be beneficial to initiate the relevant study in order to answer the selected research questions through the interpretation of data. When using qualitative methods between the stage of obtaining primary data and the one of meaningful analysis, there is no link of formalized mathematical operations such as widely known and applied methods of statistical data processing (Merriam & Tisdell, 2015). However, the qualitative methods include certain quantitative ways of collecting and processing information: content analysis, observation, interviewing, etc. When making the
Introduction The rise and spread of colonialism is one of the significant themes in world civilization. Colonialism is an old phenomenon that emerged during the ancient period in Europe. It can be divided into two phases. The first phase is called old imperialism. It occurred between the fifteenth and the nineteenth centuries. During this timeframe, European powers such as Britain and France conquered small states in Europe. New imperialism began after 1870 due to the rise of capitalism in Europe. Indeed, the Europeans argued that they colonized America, Asia, and Africa to solve social, economic, and political challenges. Nonetheless, they wanted to achieve their economic ambitions. Colonialism led to serious challenges in the world. Thus, various scholars such Walter Rodney, Karl Marx, Aimé Césaire, and Adams Smith have tried to analyze colonialism. “Aimé Césaire’s Discourse on Colonialism is a moving examination of the cruelty, impassiveness, and dehumanizing consequence of colonization on both colonizer and colonized” . This essay discusses the historical context of Césaire’s essay. Origins of Colonialism Colonialism has been analyzed from various perspectives. According to Césaire, the European civilization caused myriad challenges, which it could not solve. Thus, the Europeans had to seek external solutions to their domestic problems. Césaire argues that the European civilization was debauched because it could not solve the challenges it created. The following factors led to the emergence of colonialism. Imperialism Imperialism refers to the extension of social, economic, and political supremacy of a superior nation to an inferior one. Imperialism was an idea of superiority that was perpetrated by the Europeans. Thus, the Europeans conquered the entire world based on the concept of superiority. The Europeans believed that they were the most civilized in the world. Thus, they had the moral obligation to extend their civilization to other parts of the world. Economic imperialism was caused by the rise and development of capitalism in Europe . Capitalism is an economic model that emerged after mercantilism. It began in Europe during the Industrial Revolution. Capitalism is an economic system in which citizens own the primary modes of production. In this economic system, people invest their resour