ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The aviation industry is one of the most important industries in modern society. This industry makes it possible for air travel to occur. Air travel is the fastest and most effective form of moving from one destination to the other. Through the efficient movement made possible by aviation, individuals and nations can benefit and prosper. Commercial flights enable passengers can move from place to place for business. Goods are transported through cargo planes, therefore, enhancing commerce. The safe and effective operation of aircraft is crucial for the benefits of air travel to be enjoyed. However, certain weather phenomena affect individual flights and might even result in devastating accidents. Statistics by the Federal Aviation Administration indicate that adverse weather conditions are responsible for 23% of all aviation accidents (Kulesa, 2003). This paper will set out to highlight some of the devastating weather related to aviation accidents in history and discuss the adverse weather phenomena that can critically affect flight safety. The paper will then give the weather minimums that aircraft cannot safely operate without and offer advice on how pilots can avoid those adverse situations and minimize the damage once they encounter the situation. Weather Related Aviation Accidents There have been several significant kinds of weather-related to aviation accidents over the past decade. On April 20, 2012, the Pakistani owned Bhoja Air Flight 213 crashed as it made its way to the airport in Islamabad due to poor weather. This crash resulted in the death of 121 passengers, making it the second deadliest aircraft accident in the history of Pakistan aviation. The weather conditions that led to this accident were a thunderstorm and heavy rains in the region of flight. The accident occurred 5.6 kilometers away from Benazir Bhutto International Airport, which was the destination of the aircraft. Reports suggest that the plane might have been struck by lightning before the crash. Other reports suggest that wind shear was responsible for smashing the plane into the ground as the pilot prepared to land in the strong winds and rain. Another aviation accident involved the Airblue Flight 202 on July 28, 2010, in Pakistan. This plane was scheduled to land in Benazir Bhutto International Airport as part of a domestic flight. The weather conditions as the plane attempted to land were dense fog and heavy rains. One hundred and fifty-two people (the entire passenger and crewmembers of the flight) were killed in the accident. Reports indicate that the poor weather present as the plane attempted to land made it necessary for the flight controllers to delay the plane’s landing. It was while the pilots of the Airblue Flight 202 were making the diversion that the fatal accident occurred. A Ukrainian flight suffered from an accident due to weather conditions. The South Airlines Flight 8971 crash-landed on 13 February 2013 following an attempt to land in poor weather. The pilot
Describing stage four of the ARPP Action research involves four different steps aimed at collecting information, sampling, and providing a representation of the collected information (Sagor, 2010). The first step in action research involves the definition of the problem to investigate, the purpose of the research, and methods to define the problem. The first step includes the reconnaissance with the objective of identifying the people involved and the duration. The second step involves the collection of data about the relevant subject of study (Sagor, 2010). Both the primary and the secondary sources are sampled with an emphasis on providing accurate information. Similarly, the choice of the source depends on the type of information and representation. The third step is determining whether the sources have theoretical materials that support the research. The last step involves writing a report of the research. The report incorporates the activities used to collect information, the people involved, the approach of the researcher, and the findings (Sagor, 2010). Moreover, the representation of the collected information reflects the transparency of the research process and the researcher in representing the information collected from the field. Importance of describing the intervention According to Costello (2003), explaining the intervention in detail aims to reflect the significance of the research work. The describing process reassesses the resources used by the researcher. It is important to evaluate how the researcher conducted the information collection process. Explaining the intervention in detail reduces the challenge of going through all the information as collected from the subject area of study. Moreover, the intervention is a summary of all the details related to the crude information collected from the participants. Writing a generalized report will help identify the areas that need improvement. In this context, such a report reveals research areas that were not covered well in the initial process of the study, and therefore, require improvement. From this perspective, the resultant material is conclusive and accurate. How to decide upon and gather data Deciding what of information to represent in an intervention is limited by the people who access the same. Apparently, the perception of people towards the information, the topic, and the way that it will be presented is critical in the data-gathering process. However, the audience to the information is considered special. Therefore, the choice of the material represented in the intervention is tailored to suit special needs. The intellectual capability of the people addressed is also considered. In this regard, intellectual capability varies by understanding and knowledge of the topic. How to decide upon and use data for a
Introduction In an article titled ‘Tourism in Dubai: Overcoming Barriers to destination Development’ in volume 8 of The International Journal of Tourism Research in 2006, Joan Henderson provides an in-depth explanation and description of tourism in Dubai, factors critical to destination development and the challenges faced by Dubai as a tourist destination. She describes what destination development is going further to give an overview of tourism situation in Dubai. Henderson identifies six core factors that are critical to destination development in Dubai. She further goes on and gives the future challenges to be faced by Dubai in its effort to be an international class tourist destination. An overview of Tourism in Dubai According to Henderson, destination development is a central theme in the tourism literature which basically involves the temporal and spatial evolution of destinations, the impacts of development, government growth policies, planning imperatives, marketing issues and business strategies. There are also key pull factors that attract tourists to a certain destination such as knowing about and having favorable impressions of that particular destination, attractive sites and accommodation facilities. The role of sociopolitical determinants of tourist destinations is appreciated as they, in the end, determine if tourists will choose a particular destination. Dubai is one of the emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. It lies on the southern gulf flanked by majestic desert. Dubai is divided into the Deira district to the north and Bur Dubai to the south by the Dubai Creek. Five kilometers southeast of the city is located at the Dubai International Airport. Tourism in Dubai has experienced a steady growth with 374400 arrivals in 1982 and 5420000 arrivals in 2004. Factors Critical to Destination Development Henderson has identified the following factors as being critical to destination development in Dubai: Political, social and economic domains. These domains create a peaceful and conducive environment that attracts tourists. Dubai has experienced political stability all along and it is second to Abu Dhabi in terms of political and financial power in that it exercises independence and economic policymaking; Government tourism policy, the UAE has created a conducive and attractive environment through investment in infrastructure with tourism being ‘positioned at the center of the diversification program …’ (p. 91). The DTCM has put a lot of effort into tourism development, planning and marketing; Dubai is ‘very accessible’ as its internal airport being the sixtieth busiest. The emirates airline which is owned by the Dubai government has helped in opening up Dubai to tourists coupled with visa procedures being simplified; Amenities such as accommodation are well developed in Dubai with hotels and apartments forming the bulk. The government has also relaxed rules governing land ownership and leasing to facilitate hospitality development; Tourist attractions include the 64 km coastline, resort hotels and desert features that offer several sporting activities. Challenges f
Introduction Irving Berlin is not just one of prominent American composers who shaped American musical landscape. He is not only one of the most significant personalities of Tin Pan Alley composers whose music is regarded as “a benchmark for popular songwriting” worldwide (Scheurer 87). As Jerome Kern stated “Irving Berlin has no place in American music” since he “is American music” (qtd. in Berger 2). Admittedly, Berlin created melodies and songs which have reached the bottoms of Americans’ hearts and are popular even at present. It is necessary to point out that Irving, being a talented composer, was also financially successful (Ferris 156). In fact, he is the personification of American dream since he reached many tops due to his talent, diligence, mind and a bit of luck. His life and career are depicted in numerous books, but there is still a lot to say about this remarkable person who influenced the development of American culture. Tin Pan Alley It is important to point out that Irving Berlin did not revolutionize American music, but felt the latest trends and gave people what they wanted most of all. Berlin should be regarded as the personification of the era of Tin Pan Alley. Tin Pan Alley is one of the “most monolithic institutions” of American culture symbolizing peculiarities of music production in 1880-1950s, and “a style of promotion” of music (Scheurer 87). Basically, it “dictated America’s musical diet” for seventy years (Scheurer 87). Monroe Rosenfeld, a newspaperman, called a block on 28 th Street, where publishers like M.Witmark and Sons, Charles K. Harris, Jerome Remick, Tin Pan Alley and, at the same time, coined a term for a great era of American music (Scheurer 87). Composers and songwriters of that era are often referred to as Alleymen. They created music for theatres, vaudevilles, radio, movies, bars and even departments stores. The era of Tin Pan Alley is often regarded as market driven. Admittedly, Alleymen followed their audience desires. Berlin once said: “I write a song to please the public – and if the public doesn’t like it in New Haven, I change it!” (qtd. in Scheurer 88). This was all Alleymen’s approach which is still a rule in the contemporary popular music world. Nevertheless, it is necessary to add that though Tin Pan Alley was market driven, the music was not simplistic since audience demanded creativity. Thus, late Tin Pan Alley per
Strategic Approach. Southwest Airlines’ approach to human resource Southwest Airlines consider its employees as the best advantage. The HR strategy is tightly connected to the mission and vision of the organization. As a result, the employees are hired for attitude so that they follow accepted approaches and value the delivery of high-quality services and fun to the clients. HR department encourages them to take charge of their actions. It allows breaking the rules if it is really necessary to create a corporate culture ( Strategic human resource management , 2013). To recruit new applicants in regard to competitive advantage, HR can hire through references within the firm and be sure that one meets the expectations. One more way is to employ a talented but inexperienced person who has just accomplished studying. Finally, hiring through LinkedIn is popular today, as a lot of information about the individual can be gained. Diversity. The cases presented on the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission website The cases of diversity mentioned on the EEOC website are connected to diversity in media, law firms and federal workforce (EEOC, 2016). To increase diversity the organization, it is critical to recruit people from diverse populations. It is beneficial to educate managers on diversity advantages and participate in mentoring programs. As the minorities occur in the organization, they can become role models able to encourage others to follow them. In this way, diversity allows to increase productivity and problem solving due to the different points of view. It helps to attract new talent, enhance communication and make customers more satisfied. To measure compliance, the organization can conduct opinion surveys, monitor changes in employee behavior or use focus groups. It can be rewarded by providing paid time off, additional payments, trips, etc. The number of lawsuits is likely to decrease, as the employees work more efficiently and make the customers satisfied. Job Applicants. Recruitment methods and occupation descriptions The company can recruit people through references from its employees. They can advise their friends, relatives or ex-colleagues. It is also possible to recruit the staff referring to the third party. It can be some agency that will find a qualified employee itself. The referral method can be core effective when well-managed, as the current employees are deeply involved in the operations and requirements. They know what the employer is searching for and if the person they know obtains all needed characteristics. The occupational description that deals with computer and information systems managers is decent but can be improved. The information about the required education is not full. Some background “may” be required, so it is not clear when it is needed and when not. The tasks look rather general, and it is difficult to determine the range of duties. Mainly the professional is to “plan, direct, or coordi
Summary The chosen article is entitled “In Business for Life” by Judy Wicks. She endorses community self reliance through the growth of local business. Wicks (3) has personal experience in local communities since she owns two such businesses and also spearheaded a fair food movement. The author created this group in order to get other businesses to promote local growth. Her interest in this approach began when she learnt about the plight of farm animals in the food industrial complex. Her concern about global warming, peak oil and the loss of work amongst local farmers caused her to adopt this lifestyle, as well. She only serves products that come from local enterprises and encourages other businesses to do the same. Wicks (33) claims that businesses are intended on promoting common good rather than the selfish interest of a few stakeholders. Her solution to today’s environmental problems lie in shifting business practices away from competition to cooperation. Judy Wicks urges individuals to identify with the suffering of others in order to find fulfilment in life. Research update Two ideas that can be updated include: greed in business practices and how communities can build sustainable businesses. In the article, the author questions the basic premise of business. Many individuals measure business success on the basis of continuous growth, yet democracy depends on multiple ownership (Wicks 23). The industrial economy ignores the needs of the masses. Economic growth from this business approach does not benefit all as the wealthy become wealthier when other people’s affluence keeps declining (Wicks 15). Furthermore, businesses have been corrupted to become instruments of greed. At this point, the author would have talked about the financial crisis of 2007 to 2008, since she delivered the lecture in 2006. The 2007 to 2008 financial crisis emanated from powerful elites who dominate the financial industry. The US banking sector is controlled by an oligarchy, which consists of few players that can affect the entire economy. They made poor decisions and took too many risks, yet their actions had a wide-reaching impact on the population. Bankers gave subprime mortgages to people with questionable credit in order to enjoy interests earned on their loans. Consumers continued to take out loans on their homes from banks, which still financed them. Instead of exercising discretion, these financial institutions let greed drive them and thus perpetuated the housing burst, mortgage defaults and the financial crisis (Reavis 19). The author could have illustrated how focus on greed is destructive even to those who benefit from it. Wicks (15) also explained that local communities can create sustainable businesses by doing import replacement. She also endorsed the concept of fair trade. Governments could protect the interests of their citizens by ensuring that goods which cannot be produced locally are imported fairly. In recent years (between 2008 and 2012), some lo
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is a phrase that generally refers to companies that come together with the view of consolidating their assets or wealth. Cadbury is the world‘s second largest confectionery company that is fully owned by Mondelez International, which was previously known as Kraft Foods. Kraft was formed in 1903. Glencore is also an Anglo-Swiss company, which merged with another Anglo-Swiss firm, namely, Xstrata. Glencore is a mining and trading company. In 2010, Glencore was the world’s largest mining business in Switzerland. This paper compares the Kraft – Cadbury takeover and the Glencore-Xstrata merger. It will also address post-bid defenses and their level of success in the above M&A cases. Kraft-Cadbury takeover and the Glencore-Xstrata Merger Potential Motives- Similarities and Differences Various mergers and acquisitions are associated with a rise in the market value of the merging companies. Such increase in value directly affects the shareholders positively. The Cadbury-Kraft acquisition resulted in an increase in the share price by 3.3% leaping to a trading price of 834.50p per share in the first week of trade in the London Stock Exchange. Kraft funded the bid increment to 771p per share with cash, which rose to 840p with a 10p special share dividend for the shareholders. This strategy changed the board’s earlier decision of rejecting Kraft’s initial bid. Appendix 1 shows Kraft investors’ successful returns in 2015. The deal valued Cadbury at 13 times the basic earnings pre-tax, pre-interest, and before amortization and depreciation. This deal would then add 5 cents per share. The plan was beneficial to Kraft’s shareholders. For instance, in 2011, the shareholder got a more than 10% ROI. In Glencore’s merger with Xstrata, shareholders also gained from the amalgamation plan. Qatar Holdings, which had a 12% stake in Xstrata, received a 3.05% stake in the newly merged company (Blas 2013). Moreover, profits in the first year of the merger were projected to amount to $500 million. Notwithstanding the previous impasse between Xstrata shareholders regarding their company’s merger with Glencore, the financial market power of Glencore- Xstrata was massive. The merger created a globally reputable firm, which is currently listed on the London and Hong Kong Stock Exchange with its headquarters in Switzerland. In 2014, the merged company generated more than $3.67 billion in net income. Hence, it managed to attain a 20% increase in profits as compared to the situation before the merger in 2013. The merger added Xstrata’s main trading commodities such as coal, copper, nickel mines, and zinc to Glencore’s portfolio. This plan resulted in good returns with annual sales from
Exercise habit is a pattern of physical activities that are performed on a daily routine to achieve physical fitness. This implies that exercise habits are designed to achieve a specific purpose due to unique interests of an individual. It is imperative to note that these habits require one to integrate certain principles and techniques that will motivate one to progress toward the desired aim. In exercising habits, there are certain aspects one has to consider. These include the kind of activity done, duration of the exercise and effects imposed on the energy systems. This document sheds light on my personal exercise habits, types of movements, energy systems and units in exercise. Moreover, it also emphasizes on the relationship between training and rest. Finally, it mentions the possible changes and additions incorporated in my physical training program. Description of exercise habits My exercise habit is regular and consistent involving a variety of activities. During most of my leisure time I practice Yoga and Pilates. These activities take 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity. Apparently, I spend 60 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercises especially early in the morning. Notably, I work out physical activities three to four days per week. North, less, there are other activities that I have incorporated in my physical activity program. These activities include jogging, cycling, swimming, and aerobic dancing. Ideally, these activities have a structured program where each is allocated its time and day to be accomplished. In this case, I perform the activities according to the time allocated for each activity. Most of the extra exercises take a minimum of 30-60 minutes. For instance, I have allocated 30 minutes for swimming sessions four times a week. Other aerobic activities such as dancing and cycling take about 45 minutes at most. Locomotion movements Locomotion movement involved the feet moving the body from one place to another (Powers & Dodd, 2009). These movements involve running, jogging, sliding, leaping, walking, and galloping. The movements are rough and can be risky especially for children unless they are trained to handle such skills. Non-locomotive skills are those activities that involve body balance and coordination. Object manipulative skills involve the activities of seizing, grasping, kicking, and striking objects during exercises. They involve eye to hand and feet coordination (Powers & Dodd, 2009). These activities are important when designing a physical program in the fact that they help an individual to decide on which activity to specialize in. In this case, the movements require a skill. Therefore, an individual will only make a program depending on the kind of exercise he is conversant with. The movement skills that I can incorporate in the program for personal training include those that require a high level of skills. These movements involve skipping, galloping, and seizing objects. These activities elevate body fitness by maintaining homeostatic and metabolic balance within t