ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Buddhism Classes of Thought Buddhism is a complicated religion because of the existence of various issues that make t it difficult to understand by people from other faiths and new converts. The development of classes of thoughts was supposed to ensure followers of this religion understand it easily. Therefore, it has been divided into classes with each explaining a different issue to enable followers to have a wide understanding of this faith. It is important to explain that these classes were established because of the nature of the believers and their backgrounds (Olson 28). The schools of thought that exist in this religion are Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana. Theravada refers to the teachings of the elders that are considered the oldest school of Buddhism. It is based on the psychological understanding of the human nature and recommends that meditation is important in changing consciousness. The teachings contained in this class advocate for abstinence from evil actions, people and places and encourage people to ensure that they keep their minds pure by doing good (Gombrich 121). Therefore, this school of thought focuses on the development of ethical conduct that ensures people live in harmony in the society. In addition, it addresses the need for meditation as a way of self-searching to ensure people do good things and avoid evils. Therefore, it argues that all world things are temporary and thus people should not place a lot of unnecessary emphasis on them (Olson 36). This school of thought explains that all worldly things are not important and thus individuals should not have a desire for them because they lead people to sin. In addition, it claims that death and suffering are caused by the desire to have worldly things and thus people should avoid them if they want to live better lives. Mahayana covers various aspects outlined by other minor schools of Buddhism. This school of thought claims that salvation is possible through believing in the power of Amitabha and the desire to be reborn in a gracious place. In addition, it claims that its followers should look inwards to achieve enlightenment and know how they are supposed to live pure lives (Gombrich 126). Moreover, this belief has no words and it derives its practice thought the use of symbols and this means that meditation is an important part of developing enlightenment and seeking salvation from their supreme being. According to this school, Buddhas have an external connection to the outside world but internally they are connected to the spiritual realm. However, this class is divided into two sections with one basing its arguments on a middle ground that does not recognize the existence of middle grounds but rather the relative positions of individuals. Another subdivision emphasized on the need to practice yoga as a way of attaining fulfillment. Therefore, death does not bother individuals when they practice yoga and this gives them the
Introduction The third world countries recently have problems with health care services specifically in expensive medications. Since it has been a problem, there are lots herbal medications sold as an alternative drug for their illnesses. The primary purpose of this proposal is to enhance the used of herbal medications in which it greatly affects the third world countries’ economy nowadays. This proposal will be a great help for those patients who has lesser income rate and also to those small herbal medicine business to enhance their net income. Objectives  1. To identify the health care problems specifically in expensive medications, in a sample of person who have been in the third world countries.  2. To identify the costs related to use of traditional and herbal medications.  3. To identify the net increased in small business of
Introduction Background of the study Baroque and Renaissance are two different periods that took place in Europe and began at different times. Renaissance refers to the period when many political, social, scientific, and art old ideas in Europe were reformed and many new ones formed (Bukofzer, 2008, p. 9). This was between the 14th and 16th centuries. This period brought a lot of changes in Europe due to new explorations. Some of these changes include intellectual development and boosting of the economy which led to new developments in art and literature. On the other hand, the Baroque period was between 1600 and 1750. This is an interesting period as it began with the birth of the opera deaths of Bach and Handel marked its end. This period began immediately after the end of the Renaissance period (Bukofzer, 2008, p.11). For many years (about twenty-four years now), Cultural Anthropologists like me and others have been searching for time capsules that were hidden from the two periods discussed above. Our search in the last two years was not in vain as we have discovered some capsules. Each of the capsules contains information that helps one to understand the past cultures together with their origins. In addition, the capsules contain information that was needed in the development of the Baroque era Bukofzer, 2008, p.5). During the search, I have really thought about what is hidden in these capsules. There are some rumors that artifacts from the two eras lie within these capsules. Some of these artifacts include music, art, philosophy architecture and literature. In this paper, I am going to discuss some of these capsules and unlock the items locked in each of these capsules. Moreover, I will show how each of my examples reflects world events and cultural patterns of the time. Time capsules and examples of items locked in these capsules In my search, one of the time capsules that I came across is what is now referred to as Cap A. In this time capsule, I have discovered two pieces of art locked inside this capsule. The first one is Mona Lisa that was created by Leonard Da Vinci in the year 1503. In creating this art; he used sfumato and perspective styles. The second one is a portrait referred to as “The Last Supper.” Where Leonard gave a visual interpretation of what happened before Christ’s betrayal.
Technological innovation is always at the forefront of computer component technology with advances in production and development resulting in faster, better and lighter products (Bursky, 26). These changes can be seen with the improved memory capacities inherent in today’s hard disk systems, the increased processing power of processors, new innovations in disk drive technology which enable greater media storage capacities as well as new technologies enabling better component cooling (Bursky, 26). It must be noted though that not all technological innovations are actually inherently adoptable by the general population. For example, during the late 1990’s and early 2001 one of the latest innovations in external storage methods was the development of the ZIP drive. Back then it was thought of as a revolutionary concept in external storage however it was never truly adapted by the general population due to subsequent advances in driver technology which enabled people to burn information onto CDs. Nicholas Carr in his article, “IT doesn’t matter”, which examines the use of technologies and their implications on society explains that technologies and their widespread use only become cheaper once they reach their build out completion. The term “build out completion” refers to a point in technological development wherein a type of technology has already reached commercial viability and can be effectively replicated and mass produced. Carr explains that so long as certain forms of technology have not reached a point of build out completion they will most likely never be adopted due to their prohibitive costs and the uncertainty attached to the technology itself. This particular lesson can be seen in the case of ZIP drive technology wherein the uncertainty behind its use led to it never being adequately adopted by the general population. It is based on this that it can be assumed that not all technological innovations will actually be adopted by the general population and this includes several of the new innovations currently being released in the market today. For example, the advent of 3D computer screens is heralded by many as a possible new standard to computer viewing yet industry data shows that not only is its usage unwieldy for the average user it serves no purpose for normal computer tasks such as using word processing software or utilizing
Introduction This article is a reaction to ten articles on leadership. The reaction is carried out individually on each article. Important points are brought out and remarks are made on how the points are discussed in the article. Getting More Women in Leadership Kristof (2013) examines the reasons that draw women back from succeeding in leadership as discussed in a forthcoming book by Sheryl Sandberg and also adds some of her own insights. I feel she does good analysis and one point I find very interesting in her article is that choosing a spouse is the most significant decision a woman makes concerning her career life. The implication here is that husbands significantly affect the leadership of their wives. Unfortunately, she does not support this assertion strongly. All her arguments seem to be pointing to household chores as the reason that hinders women’s potential in leadership. She quotes Rosabeth Kanter, of Harvard Business School, associating laundry work as among the factors that hinder women from advancing their leadership. I find this argument very weak. The actual argument here is that women spend a lot of time on household chores. I am not convinced that this is the correct way of arguing. Probably men spend more time watching soccer. More time might be even wasted by women in watching soap operas. Time is not really such a significant factor in leadership. If you have time, it does not automatically mean then you become a leader. Managing time is part of leadership and if women leaders can manage their time and probably with the help of nannies, they can advance their leadership (Kristof, 2013). The Six Steps of Leadership (Plus Coverage) Bryant (2013) makes a number of significant remarks concerning leadership. He points out that he has always taken control of situations. I feel that taking control of a situation is the ultimate objective of a leader. He explains the six steps of leadership and adds that courage has to surround all the steps. In essence, the six steps plus courage help a leader to take control of a situation. Another idea that I find so strong is being a leader who knows and lives what your juniors go through every day. Having this knowledge is significant for a leader. It helps the leader to identify with the followers and know how far is far for the followers. Understanding the situation on the ground is the only way to come up with relevant policies. Without the touch at the ground, leaders will become irrelevant. I feel this is why leaders like Adolf Hitler were able to pull crowds. They knew the situation on the ground and sort to address it. Some references are also made to his past about attending an affluent school while his father was just a cop. He seems to link his leadership to this beginning when he had to do so many things to be like the other kids. Maybe he is right, but I feel that you cannot develop into a leader because of having done so much school work when you were a kid, instead, you should become a professor (Bryant, 2013). Rand Paul’s filibuster highlights split in GOP ranks; defense hawks not amused I like this article. It shows how dilemmatic leadership can be. The stakes
Art is a product or process of arranging items so that they can influence and affect one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect, where the arrangement of these items often has a symbolic significance. In art, creativity and innovations are key attributes and art includes music, painting, sculptures, painting, photography, and literature. Those people who are involved in art are called artists and organize their arts in way that will influence people. On the other hand design is a plan or convection for the construction of a system or an object. Arts and design go hand in hand because; Artists cannot be able to perform their work without design. Before starting the artwork, the artist first designs the items, object, or music he or she wants to produce and then starts his work. This paper focuses on a world artist named Romero Britto and his art form. It further focuses on the meanings of his works to him and the influences the artist has to the world (Parker 19). Romero Britto’s Biography : He was born in Recife, Brazil in 1963. At the early age, Romero learned to paint surfaces such as newspapers. At the age of 23, he travelled to Paris where he worked with Matisse and Picasso and combined influences from cubism with pop to create iconic style. This gained him popularity especially through The New York Times that described his work as “exudes warmth, optimism, and love”. In 1988, Rometo relocated to Miami and became an international artist. During the year 1989, in the campaign of vodka, Warhol, Haring as well as Romero were selected. Since then his pop sensibility has earned him many collaborations, the latest being the FIFA that he created an official poster for the year 2010 World cup. In addition, he has illustrated many books, where Simon, Schuster, and Rizzoli publish his books. His popularity has grown tremendously and his work exhibited in galleries and museums in more than 100 countries. In addition, he has created several public art installations. Example of these public art installations are John F. Kennedy Airport (New York) and O2 Done (Berlin). Britto views art as a field of positive change while artists are the agents of this positive change. He collaborates with over 250 charitable organizations which he donates time, arts and resources as well as serving as a benefactor. He also serves in several boards such the St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital. Rometo Britto Art : Through the popularity of his work, Rometo has been active in the production of his arts. The form of his art compared to other artists is of high quality. In our context, form has the meaning of how art items are viewed as a whole piece of visible items and the unity of these elements. During the artwork, the arti
The main reason why Octavia Butler’s 1993 dystopic novel Parable of the Sower is being commonly referred to, as such that represents a high literary value, is that the themes and motifs, contained in it, are discursively relevant. That is, they do reflect people’s anxieties, in regards to the challenges of a post-industrial living. One of these challenges is the fact that, as time goes on; the religious appeal of Christianity to Americans continues to become ever more undermined. This simply could not be otherwise, because for even mildly intelligent people, the Biblical fables about Sun standing still in the sky, talking donkeys and Saint Mary becoming impregnated by the ‘holy ghost’ appear rather unconvincing, so say the least. The same can be said about the provisions of Christian morality, based upon the vicious assumption that there are ‘chosen people’, favored by God, on the one hand, and ‘infidels’ that will be eventually thrown into the ‘lake of fire’, on the other. At the same time, however, the overwhelming majority of Americans continue experiencing an urge to be spiritually guided. In its turn, this causes many people to think that there are now objective preconditions for the creation of a new religion, which would be both: thoroughly humanistic and conceptually consistent with an ongoing social, cultural and technological progress. This is what Butler’s novel is all about. In it, the author provided readers with an insight as to how religion and science could be successfully combined together – hence, creating a ‘spiritual product’, thoroughly adjusted to the challenges of modernity. Nevertheless, even though that, as it will be illustrated later, the fictious religion of Earthseed (described in the novel) is in fact scientifically legitimate, there are still a few discursive shortcomings to how the author went about reflecting upon this religion’s social implications. Probably the most important qualitative aspect of Butler’s novel is that, even though that its plot unravels in the dystopic future, readers nevertheless do emotionally relate to the characters’ experiences of living in the ‘godless’ universe. After all, just as it happened to be the case with the novel’s main character Lauren Olamina, they do often experience the disturbing sensation that there is too much injustice and violence in this world. Such their sensation, of course, contradicts the Christian dogma there is all-loving and omnipotent God, who answers people’s prayers. Yet, as it was illustrated in the novel, it is not only due to the ‘classical’ God’s de facto absence that spiritually sensitive people find it hard to deal with the objective reality’s emanations, but also due to their own intellectual inflexibility. As Lauren noted: A lot of people seem to believe in a big-
Scientific notation is a standard method that is used to write numbers in a simplified way. This notation is also referred to as the exponential notation. According to Chan (1999), the concept of scientific notation was invented by Descartes in 1637 and today, it is extremely useful when one needs to express numbers that are quite big or really small. As an example, it is much easier to write the area of a surface as 1.45 x 10 12 rather than 1,450,000,000,000 square meters. When a value is represented in scientific notation, it becomes easier to read and at a glance, one is able to determine what its size is. The tedious task of counting the number of zeros is thus eliminated (Chan, 1999). The importance of scientific notation lies in the fact that it will always be needed in any field that requires people to handle either very big or very small measurements. Using scientific notations, a scientist is able to trim down a number having too many zeros into a much simpler form that reduces the complexity of solving chemical equations. According to Wenner (2011), students are often faced with challenges when dealing with very large or very small numbers. Instructors are therefore able to simplify their learning by using the scientific notations. Scientific notation is regarded as a short hand approach and plays a big role in reducing the number of zeros seen by the students (Wenner, 2011). What would be the value of expressing something like the national debt in scientific notation? What information would be lost in such a usage? Is that important? Explain why or why not. The national debt will typically be very large. Expressing it using the scientific notation creates a value that is less intimidating and simpler to understand. Take a number like 2,345,768,000,000,000 for example. Removing the many zeros in the number and showing it using the scientific notation will make it easier to manipulate. The scientific notation can also be used to get rid of inaccurate digits in measurements (Chan, 2011). In using the scientific notation, however, one would end up losing a number of decimals since the use of many decimals complicates the reading of the numbers. The loss of the decimals is, however, quite insignificant and does not greatly affect the numbers. It makes no big difference whether or not one chooses to keep the decimals.
August Wilson was an American playwright who had become famous due to a series of ten plays that got the name of The Pittsburgh Cycle. The author himself was born in Pittsburgh and was raised by his single mother, Daisy Wilson, along with the five sisters and brothers. Daisy worked very hard as a janitor in the courthouse of the county to support her children. August’s father, on the other hand, left the family, so the male presence in the household was filled, for some time, by his stepfather, David Bedford, convicted of killing a man in an attempted robbery. Thus, Wilson saw his mother as a guide in his life, a person who taught him black pride. King Hedley II is the eighth play from The Pittsburgh Cycle , which premiered in 1999 at the Pittsburgh Public Theater. The plot of the play is built around the ex-convict, King II, who is desperately trying to restore his life after the prison and start a new business through another crime (stealing refrigerators). The play also includes his wife, his mother, his best friend, as well as his ex-lover. It is important to note that the play also involves characters present in the previous plays. Taking place in the 80’s, when violence in and against the African-American community took a turn for the worse, King Hedley II focuses on exploring what can happen with men when they do not reach their goals and with women when they are not supported. Most of the play is dedicated to investigating the nature of people’s feelings, trying to “plant seeds” where nothing will be able to grow, becoming a metaphor for the life of the main character as well as what the African-American community experienced at that time. The Theme of Violence in King Hedley II Since the African-American community dealt with social and personal instability at that time, the first theme to explore is the issue of violence as a history lesson, proposed by Alan Nadel in his work August Wilson: Completing the Twentieth-Century Cycle. The death of Aunt Ester that took place offstage of the play implicated many aspects of the African-American tradition of ritual sacrifice (Nadel 5). Nadel also pointed out at the concept of the “Lazarus Complex” which related to Wilson’s understanding of the gap that existed between spiritual violence and the blues, which is caused by such violence. However, King’s refusal to take part in the cycle of violence helped the playwright to move beyond the “Lazarus Complex” without trying to re-stage it again. Thus, King Hedley II does not end with the spiritual death of the main character,