ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mathematical knowledge is crucial in my day to day activities. As a prospective educator of mathematics, having knowledge in algebra and geometry is very important. In a bid to live comfortably in the society as an adult, I am required to give answers to the puzzles of life. I therefore feel satisfied and excited when I provide solutions to problems. It is through the exhaustive study of algebra and geometry which are key branches of mathematics that I attain the capability to solve these problems. Mathematics is a broad discipline composed of diverse branches among them algebra and geometry which are a testimony of my actions. Knowledge of algebra 1, algebra 2 and geometry presents me with numerous benefits such as a brighter career future as an educator, ability to make wise and sound decisions and how I can apply the learnt concept in related fields such as engineering and educational administration. These benefits are very important to me as an adult. History has it that algebra was discovered by the Arabs in ancient times and that it began by the use of occasional abbreviations up to the modern equations that are studied and applied today. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, algebra is defined as “a generalization of arithmetic in which letters representing numbers are combined according to the rules of arithmetic.” The UXL Encyclopedia of Science defines algebra “as a branch of mathematics that deals with using mathematical concepts to solve a problem using the equation given”. The acquisition of knowledge on this branch of mathematics presents me as an individual with various benefits among them an opportunity to a brighter career future. Currently the job market is so competitive in the sense that securing a job anywhere demands the knowledge of algebra. Thus studying algebra enables me to be better placed in the job market. Secondly, algebra enables me as an adult to be mentally disciplined in terms of decision making and self-control. I am able to reason in a logical manner while trying to figure out answers to diverse puzzles encountered in life. Real life situations will sometimes require me to make decisions for instance on what I eat or buy and above all how to plan for my own future. In deciding the best option to take, algebra equips me with the important lifelong skill of mental discipline. Through the study of algebra, I am able to make rational choices throughout when I face such encounters that test my ability to judge. This in turn earns me pride and self-confidence in my efforts to understand complex tasks. Therefore, without some knowledge in algebra, I risk losing control over my life and this will force me to depend on others to run my life. A number of fields involve algebraic
Ntozake Shange tells a story of seven women of color who have to endure lots of constraints. Shange’s play is one of the most powerful works that unveil wrongs of the society where women are exposed to numerous issues. The play is a unique combination of women’s poetic narrations. Admittedly, it is difficult to imagine how this poetic story can be screened. However, Tyler Perry’s film, For Colored Girls (2010) is an example of a successful screening of such a complicated play. The film is closely based on the play and is very similar to it. There are some differences as it is impossible to avoid them. Nonetheless, the filmmakers managed to tell the same story and maintain the unique effect the play makes. As has been mentioned above, the film is closely based on the play. There are several women who face a variety of issues. These issues are regarded as a stigma for women of color. Thus, one of these women has to cope with her man’s infidelity, and another suffers from domestic violence. One woman decides to cease her relationship with her man while others have to consider a much more important issue and decides to terminate her pregnancy. Therefore, Perry keeps the major characters and themes discussed in the play. The filmmakers also employ major symbols of the play, i.e., they keep the color. Thus, women are predominantly dressed in ‘their’ colors. The use of color is important as it creates an explicit distinction among women. On the one hand, though they are all women of color, they have different problems, which makes them different. On the other hand, the problems they face are all related to self-identification, empowerment, vulnerability, wrongs of the society, i.e., the problems make the women members of the society which is imperfect. The colors also form a rainbow, i.e., they are different manifestations of a single phenomenon. This concept is well-presented in the film and the play. The film also preserves some elements of the form. For instance, it has a very strong beginning with one of the songs from the play. The film is also full of music, dance, and movement, just like the play. Even though the film is made in the form of an episode form the women’s life, the filmmakers find a place for music, songs, and dance. However, though the film preserves some elements of the form, it is still very different. The film is a story of certain periods in these women’s lives. The play is somewhat alienated from the real-life settings. The play is more poetic. The play is a reflection of women’s experiences, which is delivered in a very poetic form, i.e., in the form of songs, dances, and movements. The film focuses on real-life settings. The filmmakers help the viewers see what happens to the women and how they feel and react. The play is more concerned with women’s feelings and their perception of reality. The filmmakers
Introduction: Children with Disabilities and the Modern World There are a lot of ways with the help of which children with disabilities can integrate into the modern world and become an integral part of it. However, researchers believe that among the most efficient interventions of all, children’s books with characters who are disabled as well take the first prize. As Iaquinta and Hipsky (2006) claim, “The process of bibliotherapy is based in classic psychotherapy principles of identification” (p. 209). However, books can form certain stereotypes of disabled children, which is why the issue is worth consideration. Children’s Books about the Disabled: A New Take on the Old Problem Indeed, children’s books with their images of disabled characters, especially children, can help the little readers shape to their self-esteem, understanding that they are just as good and worthy as the other children are and that their success can be considered even greater progress, though these efforts might lead to less graphic results. As Konrad, Helf, and Itoi (2007) explain, “If teachers take a strategic approach to selecting and using children’s literature, they can address both self-determination and literacy skills” (Konrad, Helf, and Itoi, 2007, p. 65). When the Stories Help Understand the Way the World Works However, it can also be considered that, when not presenting the disabled characters properly, the books of the above-mentioned type can harm the readers. For instance, when portrayed as an antagonist, a disabled character can serve as the sign for
Summary Daoism refers to an ancient religious system that teaches people to live in harmony with Dao (nature). Daoists believe that the Dao is the source of everything in life. The Daoists’ attitude towards life can be seen as yielding to the natural order of things. One of its concepts includes Wei Wu Wei, which implies that people should not try to assert themselves at the will of nature. Yin and Yang is another philosophical model rested on living in unity with two opposing forces. This means that everything in the universe is connected and that nothing makes sense by itself. Contributions of Daoism to Medicine The Daoism ideal has played a major role in the end-of-life decisions, such as life support and palliative care. Comprehending the doctrines of biomedical ethics is significant for health professionals, patients, and their family members. It helps in making decisions about treatment options, like whether to prolong an individual’s life with the support of modern medicine or let the natural death process continue. Failing to adhere to Wei Wu Wei is bound to cause harm both to oneself and to others. For a Daoist patient, natural remedies or herbs are the most appropriate means for pain management (One World, n.d). In addition, contemporary drugs are not prohibited, as long as they can help restore the body’s normal functions. However, when all the medical interventions are no longer beneficial, a patient may allow nature to take its course. The knowledge of Yin and Yang provides a basis for understanding health, including diagnosing and managing sicknesses. In this case, the organs
The Irish literature is characterized by discussing a lot of social and psychological issues and depicting many mythical images. The Irish writers’ approach to presenting the common theme can be extremely different with references to using irony and satire or mild and pessimistic tone. The play The Playboy of the Western World by John Millington Synge and the poem “The Tollund Man” by Seamus Heaney have few similar features, but the authors discuss the theme of death, accentuating the violent death, in their works. Although Synge and Heaney use rather opposite approaches to presenting the controversial theme of death in their works where Synge concentrates on satire to depict the social and psychological issues and Heaney pays attention to the spiritual context of the question, the authors provide their vision of the violent death from the social perspective and with references to the persons’ inner world. In his play The Playboy of the Western World , Synge emphasizes the fact of murdering as the starting point to develop the play’s plot. Thus, the idea of murder is used to represent the problems and conflicts typical for the Irish society of the 1900s along with accentuating the personal attitude to the question as the reflection of the society’s sickness. Christy Mahon, the main character of the play, is inclined to attract the public’s attention in the tavern with stating that he has murdered his father. Thus, Mahon depicts his action saying, “I just riz the loy and let fall the edge of it on the ridge of his skull, and he went down at my feet like an empty sack, and never let a grunt or groan from him at all” (Synge 113). The unemotional language used by the author to present the character’s experience in order to emphasize the irony Mahon and the audience’s interpretation of his actions. Synge stresses the satiric inappropriateness of interpreting Mahon’s actions as heroic with the help of remarks. For instance, Michael reacts to Mahon’s words about murdering with great respect and states, “That was a hanging crime, mister honey. You should have had good reason for doing the like of that”, and Mahon answers in a reasonable tone, “He was a dirty man, God forgive him, and he getting old and crusty, the way I couldn’t put up with him at all” (Synge 106-107). From this point, the fact of murdering a person makes Mahon be a hero in this small community of a tavern. The reasons to explain the phenomenon can be found with references to analyzing the figures of the listeners. The community of County Mayo needs sensations to discuss, and the personality of Mahon and his action become the most interesting themes for talking about. Thus, the fact of the violent death is presented in Synge’s play as a chance to make the monotonous life more diverse and vivid. The author exaggerates the public’s in
Perhaps, each person has heard of the courageous warriors of eastern Japan who were ready to abandon their lives for the glory of the empire. These warriors were called samurai, the noblest people of feudal Japan. The samurai had unique customs and traditions which they strictly observed and respected. These warriors introduced a fresh outlook on the concept of the complete man both in martial and literate terms. These two angles of development were the most crucial ones for the Japanese samurai and Japanese culture as a whole, thus greatly influencing the development of other cultures. Therefore, a closer look at the precepts and ethical codes of these warriors will help to understand the aspect of social life in the Heian period in Japan. Between the eleventh and eighteenth century, the country was ruled in accordance with a feudal system that had a well-organized hierarchy. Before this feudal period, Japan witnessed the rise of two powerful Samurai clans, namely the Minamoto, and the Taira whose enmity turns them into struggling parts. On defeating the Taira clan, Minamoto no Yoritomo organized the first shogunate and became the first shogun (Park and Love 6). Fundamentally, only professional fighters serving to military nobility were awarded with the name samurai. There were trained to selflessly defend the honor of their country as well as the lives of their lords. This history shows that Japanese samurai appeared during the Heian period coming right after the feudal period. Initially, these soldiers were meant to serve the Japanese nobility and were loyal to the emperor. Over the time, these military groups were organized into private armies that turned into samurai communities (Park and Love 5). The feudal organization of Japan greatly contributed to the social stratification of the samurai units. At this time, the military figure had a great impact on the social and political organization of Japanese society. What is more important is that Japanese culture was also under the influence of traditional feudal-vassal relationships. The basis of this relation will be further transferred to the samurai’s code (Deal 139). In medieval Japan, these noble warriors took the most prestigious niche of society. The samurai, therefore, were recognized as the greatest social and political power in the late Heian period that was further ascended to the top or Japanese societal hierarchy. The class of warriors included people originating from both aristocratic and middle-class. In particular, many soldiers of the Minamoto clan were natives of eastern Japan. The warriors’ division within the class was headed by the shogun vassals called gokenin, or ‘retainers’ (Deal 110). These were the noblest soldiers that enjoyed special privileges of the class, as they were ent
Introduction Research background The ISIS crisis is in its fourth year despite several efforts by the international community for reconciliation. It is necessary to establish the impression of the Emirati youths on the ISIS, since they are indirectly affected by the current military activities of the group in Syria and Iraq (Al-Jenabi, 2008, p. 15). Therefore, this research proposal will attempt to establish the impressions of the Emirati youths on Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Research question and objectives For this research proposal, the primary question is;  1. What are the impressions of the Emirati youths on Islamic State in Iraq and Syria? The objectives of this research are;  1. To establish the perceptions of the Emirati youths on the ISIS group  2. To make recommendations and suggestions on how to view and deal with ISIS Importance of studying the topic Understanding geo-political, social, and economic impressions held by the Emirati youths towards ISIS are important, especially when establishing the contribution of the group on the current Middle East conflict. Through sociological imagination, it is easy to understand behavior change and identify forces: positive or negative, that facilitate the angle of inclination among the Emirati youths towards the ISIS. Methodology Nature of the method This research will be conducted using research survey study approach. Data, which will be collected through one-on-one interviews and questionnaires, will be scrutinized in detail. Through open-ended and closed-ended structure, each question asked will be comprehensive to ensure that respondents have opportunity to give deep answers that provide an insight into research problem solution. Instances of divergent or convergent opinions by one or more respondents will be marked appropriately (George & Bennet, 2005, p. 29). Strengths and weaknesses Questionnaire Based on the survey method, a self constructed five-item structured questionnaire will become imperative. The questionnaire will be prepared to use 5- point Likert scale (Miller, Mauthner, Birch, & Jessop, 2012, p. 42). The Saudi youths will express a broad range of opinions in the focus groups on the key issues in the discussion. Strengths Questionnaire provides anonymity to the user and thus gives more honest responses. Information can be gathered from a large number of people. Since the questions are uniform and if the conditions under which they are answered are controlled, then the information gathered is standardized (Miller et al. 2012, p. 43). Weaknesses It is not possible to explain to the respondents any point that they may misinterpret in a question. Giving a pilot test to a few respondents could partially solve this. It is possible for a respondent to be dishonest in case they do not feel comfortable (De-Rada, 2005, p. 66).
Social isolation induces behavioral and emotional changes in human beings and animals. Cho et al. (2017) conducted a study to determine the treadmill exercise effect on depression. This study used female and male Sprague-Dawley socially isolated rat pups. Researchers ensured that the procedures used aligned with the National Health Institute and Korean Medical Sciences Academy. The delivery day was designated day 0, and the rats were categorized into four. The groups included: the social isolation group, the control group, and the exercise and social isolation and exercise group (Cho et al., 2017). The social isolation group’s rat pups were housed individually. On the contrary, the exercise and the control groups’ rat pups were housed under standard conditions and with their mothers. Each day, every rat pup was injected with 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (50-mg/kg BrdU) (Cho et al., 2017). This was conducted sixty minutes from postnatal day 21 to 26 before starting the treadmill exercise. The researchers used different methods and materials to conduct the study. In the treadmill exercise protocol, the rat pups ran on the treadmill once a day for half an hour from the 21 st to the 34 th day. Additionally, a forced swimming examination was conducted to determine the rat pups’ degree of depression. Tissue preparation happens by anesthetizing the animals with Zoletil 50 to start the sacrificial process (Cho et al., 2017). A response absence prompted the researchers to use 50 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 500 mM phosphate buffer. Cho et al. ( 2017) expound that the researchers also aimed to evaluate tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)-positive and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-positive cells in the dorsal raphe by conducting immunofluorescence. Moreover, BrdU immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the hippocampal dentate gyrus newly generated cells. Cho et al. (2017) explain that western blot analysis was performed using a tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and BDNF. The transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose was performed, and an
Intended Audience The article is intended for younger audiences as well as other groups that perform weekly exercises, such as the elderly, people who suffer from obesity, and patients undergoing restorative physical therapy. These populations are most likely to find themselves using the internet in search of exercise tips and any related information regarding maintaining a positive mood after an exercise (Angle). The article is written in relatively simple terms, which are easy to understand for people who are not very familiar with sports medicine. As it was published in a fitness journal, the author frequently uses nonprofessional terms, such as “high” and “buzz” in order to interact with the audience in a more casual and personal manner, as is often the case with self-help and fitness articles, which aim to create an impression of a personalized consultation for the viewer. The Thesis of the Article The thesis of the article, though not explicitly stated in the introduction section, can be summarized in the following way: Endocannabinoids, in combination with aerobic exercises, proper training routine, as well as psychological and environmental motivation, can extend the post-workout afterglow and improve the results of physical exercise. This thesis was assembled based on what the article was about – the introduction section explicitly mentioned endocannabinoids and their role in human metabolism and maintaining the “exercise high,” whereas the rest of the article was divided into subsections in order to prove and support the thesis mentioned above. Other points mentioned were the influence of training routine (doing exercises early and on an empty stomach), performing aerobic exercises in combination with strength training, receiving motivation from self-praise and peer influence, and mood-improving and stress-relieving qualities of nature and fresh air (Angle). Thus, every single major point had to be included in the thesis statement. Article Summary The article talks about the underrated influence of lipid molecules, also known as Endocannabinoids, in influencing human metabolism and getting the body “high” after physical exercise. There are many factors contributing to the post-workout buzz (Angle). The author seeks to highlight the most important hormonal and psychological motivators behind the blissful feeling, based on evidence-based practice and peer-reviewed information. The first piece of advice given in the scope of this article is to perform aerobic exercises. The author cites findings of research conducted by the University of Arizona, which have discovered that moderate aerobic exercises engage the endocannabinoid system, which cannot be achieved through strength exercises alone (Angle). At the same time, it is advised not to overextend oneself during aerobic exercises. Another piece of advice given by
Alan Turing the computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, and English mathematician was born on June 23, 1912. Turing was quite influential in computer science development, in addition to setting the framework for the formalization of the algorithm concept, in addition to the use of the Turing machine that he developed, for computation. Between 1945 and 1947, Turing was involved in an Automatic Computing Engine project. In February 1946, Turing presented a paper that has been considered the “first detailed design of a stored-program computer” (Copeland & Proudfoot 2004 par. 3-5). The University of Manchester appointed Turing to head its computing laboratory in 1949, as the deputy director. It was also during this time that Turing progressed with on another project that involved the development of software dubbed, the Manchester Mark I, regarded as amongst the earliest known stored-program computers (Agar 2002 p. 36). Turing endeavored to attend to the artificial intelligence challenge, and this is what prompted him to propose the Turing test, which is more of an attempt to come up with a standard that would allow for “intelligent” machines. The idea behind the Turing test holds that it is possible to assume that a computer is “thinking” if and when it is capable of hoodwinking an interrogator to harbor the assumption that the conversation that occurred was not with a computer, but with a fellow human being. In his proposal, Turing opined that as opposed to the development of a program that would simulate the mind of a human being, it would be far much easier to design a modest one that would instead simulate the mind of a child, followed by exposure of the same to an education program. Turing was also instrumental in the development of a chess program (Levin 2006 p. 43). Turing published a significant paper titled, “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem” (Turing 1936 p. 241), whereby he reformulated the results that had been realized by Kurt Godel before him, regarding computation and proof limits. Accordingly, Turing was able