ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Mass balance is a critical yet straightforward process through which the ocean may control ice in ocean water to prevent rising sea levels. In other words, it is the quantitative expression of changes in the volume of the glacier over a specific period. The process’s primary goal is to create an equilibrium between ocean water and the amount of frost that is submerged (Shepherd et al., 2020). The entire process requires such inputs as rain, snow, and hail to help promote the accumulation and output, such as erosion, percolation, and melting of the ice to assist in the reduction of the ice. The glacier mass is linked to the mass balance through a constant struggle to maintain the equilibrium state. In most cases, both the input and output processes must continue to promote the accumulation and the removal of excessive matters through the ablation process. In most cases, the collection of the glacier material is regarded as positive, while a high reduction level is referred to as a negative change (Shepherd et al., 2020). Therefore, the entire process is critical for the promotion of ocean water stability. Figure 1: The constant flow of materials in mass balance (Shepherd et al., 2020). Based on the above diagram, it is evident that glacial materials must move in a different direction to promote the required mass balance in ice. On the one end, these materials must strive to accumulate through the various input processes, such as precipitation, snow, and organic materials (Shepherd et al., 2020). On the other hand, the oblation process must dissolve and move the materials, hence the experienced movement in different directions. In conclusion, mass balance is a necessary development that occurs in oceans to promote stability. In most cases, the process is facilitated by the constant movement of the water body’s inputs and outputs. These developments are critical in the realization of glaciers’ constant flow in the sea. Therefore, people should understand the principle operation of mass balance to prevent the excessive rising of the sea levels. Reference Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., van Den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, T., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., Bjørk, A., … Wuite, J. (2020). Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 . Nature , 579 (7798), 233-239. Web.
According to Martin Luther King Jr., the white moderates are highly irresponsible. Thus, extremists like the KKK are far much better as they take reasonability for their actions and completely express their hatred and racial sentiments for black people. The “white moderates “are impartial, yet claim to be aligned to the woes of the black people in their quest for freedom. The essay examines the various reasons why King was upset with the white moderates. Considering the events taking place in the United States at the time, as well as how the black people were being treated, Kin could not have phrased his disappointment nay better. In his letter, King is trying to persuade and win the authority of the white man who in the real sense had acted as a hindrance to the attainment of the various goals of the black people. His greatest displeasure with the white men that he refers to as “white moderates” in the letter is their limited involvement which he terms as lukewarm. According to King, the greatest stumbling block that black men had towards their quest for justice and freedom was the white men or the white moderates, who were more inclined to ensuring that the country remained orderly, as opposed to ensuring equitable justice. It should, however, be noted that while the KKK were more open with their ethnic preferences and racial segregation in practice, the white moderates were lukewarm, meaning that they did not take a definite stand in the issues that affected the black people. Based on their conduct, Martin Luther King is forced to state that, “Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection” (Hornsby 39). King further states that white moderates “prefer a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: “I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action” (Hornsby 40). It is this type of reasoning that in every sense overshadows the line of thought of Martin Luther King. They were additionally marred by the concept of time as they would constantly advice black people to sit and wait for the opportune time to advocate for their rights. While it is easy to understand that the KKK people hated and acted against black people through their racial lines, it is not easy to understand why the white moderates would claim to support black people and still oppose the ways that they approached their quest for freedom. According to King, “shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will” (Hornsby 41). This means that it is better to outright state opposition for something or someone than to pretend to be with them yet you are far away from them. While the statement made by Luther king comes across as radical and ethnic in nature, the main aim was to ensure that freedom to the people was accelerated. It is not that Martin Luther king was not aware of the evil deeds of the clansmen and was talking in oblivion of them, but this was actually a statement that sought to state that the white men could h
Customers’ needs are not static, they keep changing and so do businesses. Businesses are faced with the challenge of making strategic decisions on how change will be implemented. Innovation and invention in a company are changes that need to be natured and supported. The challenges come when a business is doing well, and an innovation to change its course of action is comes-by with the aim of better future. Management must weigh the options available on whether to remain in the current operation state or move to a risky or un-tested structure that do not guarantee success current or future success (Fred,2008). Innovation cannot be limited to certain sections of a business but generally can take many forms; it can be an innovation in products and services produced or internal processes like marketing, human resources and information technology. Innovators in a business in most cases are the employees who well understand their companies strengths and weakness, or may be from a new entrants who comes with a different approach of doing things. Management have the task of tapping these intellectual properties in human resources for an effective innovation. It is argued that one of the reasons why businesses have a longer life than human beings is innovation. They keen changing and innovating better ways to work and remain competitive. Phillips Lightening Company is an international company incorporated in 1891, by y Anton and Gerard Philips. Initially the company was called Philips Gloeilampen Fabrieken N.V. The success and the longevity of the company are vested in its innovativeness (Phillips Lightening Company Corporate Website, 2010). This paper discusses management of innovation in Philips Lighting Company. Brief Phillips lightening company Since its incorporation in 1891, Phillips has grown from a small business to an international multi-billion company. The company have launched new products in the market in its effort to remain competitive. Among the innovated products include X-ray tubes earlier in 20 th century, in mid 20th century, the company innovated Compact Cassette in the 60s, which it upgraded to Compact Disc in early 1980s, in 21 st century, the company have innovated Ambilight TV. The innovations are enabled by a deep understanding by the company of the need to innovate. In the company, an innovation is generated internally but its research and development team, which is one of the most robust in the world, plays a significant role in the innovation. Innovation does not always guarantee a success, in 2000, the company was innovating fast and the time it was a leading bulb seller in the world only to innovate and suffer a loss of EUR 3,206millions. The following is the process that the company have undergone for successful innovation: Shared vision and leadership In case of an innovation, the top management of Phillips is actively involved. When an employee has come out with an innovation or i
Outline This paper analyzes the Keynesian theory of unemployment, reasons for the decrease in the value of the British pound, how the balance of payment can cause inflation in an economy, and finally why the fiscal expansion is more effective with fixed exchange rates than under floating rates. It is therefore divided into the following sections: Introduction According to Robert (1998), Keynesian unemployment can be defined as unemployment that arises in a period when an economy is in recession. The Keynesian theory of unemployment was developed by John Maynard Keynes who believed that lack of effective demand for goods and services was a major cause of the high unemployment rate in an economy. In his studies, he discovered that since the employers are being faced with low demands for their products it becomes hard for them to employ people which eventually leads to high levels of unemployment in the economy (Robert, 1998). According to the Keynesian theory of unemployment, it states that any level of output and employment in any economy comes as a result of Aggregate Demand where Aggregate Demand in a greater sense refers to the total demand for goods and services in any economy. This brings to the conclusion that during such times the government should implement policies that are aimed at increasing aggregate demand (James and Richard, 1984) According to Robert the (1998), policies which the government may implement in order to reduce unemployment may include; government ensuring high employment of the overall population as this will act as a compensation for the decrease in the levels of wages and labor this will enable the people involved in this employment to have surplus money which can be spent in the economy through the purchase of goods thereby acting as means through some business can be supported, secondly is the government borrowing more money to run the deficits existing in the economy at the same time obtaining money from the people through both the direct and indirect taxes, lastly, the government adapting policies which induce investments through reduction of interests rates and the government heavily investing in infrastructure. Such government investments spending will lead to the injection of income in the economy which further increases spending to the general economy which acts as a stimulation for more production and investment (Robert, 1998). The Keynesian policies would not be applicable in a situation where structural unemployment exists since the people to be employed lack the skills needed by the employers for them to be employed at the same time some firms lack the required equipment to employ some workers. In such cases, the effective demand alone cannot reduce unemployment rather it causes inflation since the Keynesian policies revolve around the cure of excessive unemployment especially in times when the economy is experienc
Introduction The four journeys of Christopher Columbus are some of the most important in European history. To be a part of them would present the students with innumerable discoveries of nature and cultures that have ceased to exist in modern times. This paper will provide a variety of information that the students would need to know when taking the trips. Benefits of Traveling with Columbus Traveling with Columbus would provide a unique opportunity to discover a part of the world previously unseen by European society. All of his trips involved seeing lands with new types of plants, animals, and cultures. He and his crew met several cultures living on the islands of the region. In his letter from 1493, he writes: “I found very many islands filled with people innumerable, and of them all, I have taken possession for their highnesses, by proclamation made and with the royal standard unfurled, and no opposition was offered to me” (Baym et al. 35). This quote suggests that the meetings during the voyage were friendly in nature which would be an exciting experience. The trips would involve such activities as hiking, search for minerals, interaction with the local populations and other adventurous activities during which the students would be able to take pictures and collect souvenirs. Suggestions for a Smooth Trip The trips that Columbus took were very dangerous and often led to issues caused by insufficient resources, especially during the voyages themselves. It would be critical to bring large amounts of food and freshwater, including those that would prevent scurvy and other seafaring diseases. The food would need to last for a long time so no products that expire quickly should be taken. Warm and waterproof clothing would be required due to storms and cold nights. Navigational equipment such as compasses and telescopes could also help during the travels. The students should also bring writing and painting materials and instruments such as paint, ink, paper, and other supplies. If cameras and phones are not allowed during the trip, they would have to rely on drawings and paintings to capture the beauty of the newly discovered lands and the unique culture of the island people. Things to Watch Out For Columbus wrote about a variety of pleasurable things that he encountered during his voyages. For example, he writes about a great variety of avian life present on the island he named “Espanola”: “and the nightingale was singing and other birds of a thousand kinds in the month of November where I went” (Baym et al. 37). This suggests that a great variety of new creatures could be seen during the trip. Students should attempt to catalog them and examine their behavior. They should also watch out for new types of fruit and plants because they might be either perfectly edible or poisonous. During his fourth trip, the students should be especially careful as it was the most traumatic for the captain and his crew. They were attacked by the native population of Panama and had to flee. His paper from the voyage tells a story of a man who is unsure of his position. He and his crew are infirm, and he believes there are e
Introduction International corporations need to have an effective international human resources management team that is able to make sound decisions on the right way to develop their human capital; generally there are three ways that they can develop the work force. The ways are localization approach, expatriates approach and third country approach. Whichever the method, it should ensure they maintain quality and quantity workforce; the department of human resources in multinationals can be central point, head office, or/and at the foreign country level (Hollinshead and Leat, 1995). The approach of expertise involves the foreign company sending people from the country with knowledge and experience to manage and operate a foreign investments; human resources are the driving force of an organisation, thus they need to be well managed to develop an orchestrate team and tap their intellectual knowledge effectively. When expatriates are deployed, there is physical relocation of the expatriate, probably his or her family, and if the expatriate has a team of operation, they may go together. The relocation destabilizes the psychological comfort of the expatriate and exposes him or her to another life and cultural setting different from what he or she is used to; the instability may reduce the efficiency of the manager. To ensure that the expatriate adjust effectively and fast, there are some human resources management strategic functions that need to be undertaken (Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, 2000). This paper analyzes human resources actions multinational corporations (MNCs) should take to facilitate expatriates adjustment. The theory of Expatriates MNCs have the role of maintaining qualified and efficient human capital; when they decide that they are going to human resources finances with expatriates, they should ensure they offer the expatriates assistance that facilitates quick an
Outsourcing has remained a hot topic in US economy chiefly due to the persistent high unemployment rate and poor state of economy. Pundits have thus waged debates on the merits and demerits of outsourcing often rancorously. Proponents of outsourcing point at the reduced costs of production and possibilities of added returns to the economy while opponents decry the loss of American jobs to far off countries as their families continue to languish in poverty. Outsourcing has been commended for being rewarding, competent, industrious and tactical. However it has been described as immoral, cruel; abuse of the needy, while devastating societies and economies alike. Benefits of Outsourcing Despite official statistics indicating greater benefits of outsourcing and globalization, Mandel (n.p.) argues that outsourcing of the manufacturing jobs to such destination like India and China is more harmful to the US economy than any possible benefits derived from it. According to Mandel, outsourcing also means that typical American wage bill registers minimal growth due to the pressure for jobs and threat of off shore shift for the production units. Thorough investigations by the BusinessWeek magazine outlines how the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has being quoting erroneous economic statistics on yields from the manufacturing zones actually conducted outside the country as if emanating from the US, hence giving flawed GDP figures. The BusinessWeek ‘s study of the import price statistics disclose off shoring to low-priced nations is in reality generating “phantom GDP” accounts – approximated at $66 billion thus negating any real domestic outputs as confirmed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) charged with assembling the statistics (Mandel n.p.) According to Chapman, the loss to the US economy due to outsourcing is reflected in the approximately “$2.2 trillion in untaxed profits” by the corporations that translates to about “$800 billion in lost tax” (n. p.). In 2006, the corporations were permitted to inject the funds back to the US at a rate of 5-1/4 percent duty which Chapman argues could lead to a loss of $1 trillion in levies to the public as opposed to the standard rate of 35 percent if applied again. The existing statutes and taxation policies branded “territorial taxation” only allows international corporations to be just taxed in the country of operation thus leaving windows of opportunity for firms to register in tax havens like the Cayman Islands, devoid of any corporate levies. Chapman thus argues that this inopportune policy only encourages large corporations to seek off shore destinations to the detriment of American jobs. Politics in the Debate While US unemployment figures maintain an all time high, Wolverson and Gardner quoting Congressional Research Service statistics describes how employment by US firms in China has grown by a staggering 153 percent from 2003 to 2008. Nonetheless the authors still assert that despite the disparate foreign investments by US firms, the revenue growth results in increased growth domestically as the funds are re
Introduction Pumpkins have a generic name Curcubita. All the species of pumpkin including C. maxima and C. pepo belong to the family Cucurbitaceae . They have a thick outer cover. Their seeds and pulp are found inside the fruit. The French referred to it as pompon from where the British coined their pampion version from. Later in the years, the American colonialists resorted to the currently used word pumpkin. Curcubita maxima is the largest species of pumpkin weighing 34 kg on average. It originated from the South America. It traces its origin from South American wild species C. maxima ssp. andreana. Pumpkins are monoecious. They have both male and female flowers. Ovaries are smaller relative to the male ones and are found at the base of the flowers (Board of Agriculture 184). Their color is determined by the orange pigments that they contain. They have abundant lutein, alpha and beta carotene. Growth of pumpkins requires adequate water supply and sufficient energy requirement. This essay will endeavor to illuminate the water and energy requirements for effective growth of pumpkins. Energy requirements of C. maxima The pumpkin is widely grown in home gardens. It flourishes when grown on refuse heaps that have abundant organic matter. Others places it can be planted. In urban set up, the pumpkins can be grown together with maize in the backyard gardens. In the open fields pumpkin can be intercropped with maize, sorghum and groundnuts to help in boosting nutrient uptake. For effective nutrient uptake and sustainability, the planting distance should be 2m by 2m especially in sole cropping. As a matter of fact, farm yard manure should be used as the crops respond well to it. In addition, its performance can be enhanced by applying liquid manure as a side dressing. At the vegetative phase it is recommended that one applies 50-100 kg per hectare of N; 20-40 per hectare of P; and 40-80 kg per hectare of K. The use of the fertilizers should however depend on the degree of the fertility of soil where these pumpkins are grown. Some other minerals can always be used to top dress NPK. This can be 50kg/ha or 20 g for every plant when the fruits begin to develop. Water requirements of C. maxima Methods of cultivation pumpkins vary from one region to the other. In the some places they are grown in heated glass houses. They require less heat for their effective growth. They grow at optimum temperatures of 30 degrees Celsius at day and 18 degrees Celsius at night. Humid environments encourage fungal growth which interferes with the pumpkin growth and quality of the fruit. They are so intolerant to water logging. In spite of all these, they generally have high water requirement and as much as 380 ml of water are required for irrigated pumpkins. The plant should be watered by dripper. Water can also be applied directly at the soil level. There should be no splashing of water, misting or spraying of foliage. This should be done at dawn and in the evening to allow for