ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Relief with Achilles, Thetis, and Worshippers from the J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu dates back to about 350 B.C. It belongs to the workmanship of a Greek master of the art, and it is a typical representation of the Greek art of that period. The piece of art under consideration is very traditional in its accomplishment: the medium of this relief is usual for Greek sculptures, and it is marble, and the theme of mythology and mythological heroes is also a remarkable feature of the Greek art of that period. In the following paper, the Relief with Achilles, Thetis, and Worshippers will be addressed in terms of its historical significance. The Relief with Achilles, Thetis, and Worshippers is dedicated to glorying the ancient mythological heroes of Greece, which is the peculiar feature of the Greek art of those days. According to the information from the museum, the subject matter of this relief is in the following: The Greek hero Achilles, identifiable by his shield and helmet, rides with his mother Thetis in a chariot on this fragmentary relief. The chariot slowly converges on a procession of worshippers, who are dressed as travelers, wearing cloaks and wide-brimmed hats. Only seven of these waiting men remain on the broken relief, but originally there must have been about ten (“Relief with Achilles” par. 2). The relief can be identified as secular work. Works of this kind are traditional adornments for ancient Greek buildings including palaces, public buildings for governing institutions, and even private houses, belonging to rich people. Similar objects were studied during the course as typical objects of ancient Greek art. The relief under consideration is analogous to the objects, studied in class, in the most complete meaning of this word. This can be proved by its medium, size, and thematic contents (Kleiner 126). The formal elements of this relief are skillfully used by its master to render its subject matter, which is evident in the depiction of space, motion, and narrative techniques. The scene, shown by the artist, comes before the viewer as if it is a real-life scene, seen during the current moment of time. As an observer examines the subject plot of this relief, one’s mind tends to depict a picture from an ancient Greek myth about Achilles. This effect is achieved due to the master’s skill to properly use the formal elements in the piece of art. This is a skill, peculiar to ancient Greek masters of the art. As a late-twentieth-century viewer, I am really impressed by this relief as it presents a high level of skills of ancient Greek masters, and features an excellent approach to depicting real human body proportions. I believe that Greek masters of the art of those days may well compete with modern sculptors in the skill of being both precise and still elegant in showing beautiful proportions of a human
Still Life with Three Skulls is now exhibited at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. This piece can be regarded as an example of expressionist art. The artwork can also be regarded as an example of figurative painting. The piece reveals the horrors of the work and can be seen as a reminder created to warn people and help them prevent wars or gambling with death. The painting was created during the last months of the Second World War (1945) by the German artist Max Beckman (1884-1950). The painting’s dimensions are 55.2 x 89.5 cm and the medium is oil on canvas. The still life has quite peculiar objects: skulls, trumpets, cards (diamonds, hearts and spades). Clearly, three skulls as well as the ace of spades are central to the painting. The objects are located on a desk with a tablecloth. It is also possible to see stained-glass window in the background. It is important to note that bright colors prevail in the picture. Black and red are dominant. Rich orange and brown hues are a very good background for these colors. Thick rough paint creates a very special impression. To analyze the painting, it is essential to plunge into the epoch the painter was working. First of all, he lived through the First World War and he also saw the way his country was developing. In 1937, he had to flee from the Nazi Germany and he came to Amsterdam. Of course, the painter understood the wrongs of the regime and he experienced the horrors of the war. The painting is very symbolic and evoking. First, it is important to consider the role the color plays in the artwork. There is certain contrast of black and bright. This contrast can be a symbolic representation of life experiences. Admittedly, people living in the 1930-1940s in Germany (or in any other country of Europe) had dozens of contrasting experiences. There was the hope of the better future in the early 1930s and German people believed that the national idea (which was in the air) could save them. At the same time, there were horrors of the Nazi regime (the brown plague) when people were killed and forced to leave their home country. There could be some personal happiness as people still met and tried to build their lives. There were also horrible war cr
‘ An insured’s duty of disclosure under the Common Law and the Insurance Contracts Act 1984’ Under section twenty one of the 1984 Insurance Contacts Act, all customers (insured) are required to make a disclosure to the insurer of any matters that are in relation to the risk. This is supposed to be done before an insurance contract is signed by both parties (Levin, 2000). The insured is supposed to disclose all issues related to the risk’s acceptance including subjective and objective disclosures. In subjective disclosure, the insured is expected to disclose all matters he/she perceives as relevant. Objective disclosure functions with an assumption that any reasonable person under the same situation will act in the manner expected (Rourke, 2007). According to the act, the disclosure’s duty does not need any disclosures on matters of risk diminishing, common knowledge and any issue that the insurer may be aware of or ought to know. “When the compliance by the duty of disclosure is waived by the insurer, a disclosure becomes irrelevant” (Levin, 2000, p.23). In a case where a person gives an incomplete or irrelevant answer to any question that is part of the proposal form, the insurer is deemed to have given up compliance with disclosure’s duty relevant to the matter. The insured’s duty of disclosure (during an insurance contract negotiation) under the common law states that there exists a duty to voluntarily make a disclosure of any facts that are material or known to the involved risk. Incase the above orders are not obeyed; the contract is taken as null and void. This coincides with the principle of utmost good faith (Garner, 2003). For instance, Mayne Nickless v Pegler (1974) case was purely a discussion concerning prudent insurer test. This case was used to shed more light on the meaning of material fact requiring disclosure. It was concluded that a fact would have only been a material if it would have reasonably affected the mind of a prudent insurer in determining the premiums and conditions behind acceptance or rejection of the insurance. The test actually worked against the consumer and was seen as a heavy burden to the insured. Other examples of cases that involved application of material test include: Joel v Law Union and Crown Insurance (1908) as well as Khoury v GIO (NSW) (1984) (Trudy, 1997). Considering the case of Dalgety & Co Ltd v Australian Mutual Provident Society (1908), it was concluded that any circumstances that exhibits lack of confidence by one party to the other will lead to the former party being forced to disclose all the material facts known to it. (Trudy, 1997, p.69) This is a condition that must be imposed unless the latter is very much aware of these facts, is presumed to be aware of them, takes on own knowledge or waives information concerning them. Incase the disclosure fails take place (may be due to accident, invalid contract or mistake); a material fact will be considered as one which i
Vulnerable population Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that has latent infection and active disease. According to Field (2001), individuals who develop active disease infect others by coughing or sneezing through expelling tiny Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectious particles that others inhale. The federal government has gazetted numerous healthcare policies that many health workers are not aware. On the other hand, workers that are aware of the health policies do not understand them because of the complex language, and terminologies used in the health documents. Nurses do not have adequate knowledge in conducting interviews that will help in identifying workmates that are vulnerable to contracting tuberculosis (Hughes, 2014a). Junior staffs including nurses conduct major studies on assessing the vulnerable population to contagious diseases such as tuberculosis among the health workers. The nurses face hindrances in accessing the offices of senior staffs in the hospital due to differences in job group and discrimination in job description (Field, 2001). Promoting health care delivery Hughes (2014b) argues that, barriers in the workplace affecting the disparity in promoting health care delivery are job group discrimination, financial status, and educational level. For instance, junior staff in the hospital may have adequate knowledge of preventive measures of tuberculosis, but lack finances to access the quality measures. The minority groups of staff receive a disproportion share in the screening process of vulnerable disease. Unfairness in treatment preference results in the lack of equality on the staffs in the hospital (Hughes, 2014b). The majority of the junior staffs do not get the urgency in seeking treatment especially the contagious infections. According to Field (2001), there are no policies that address issues dealing with health disparities in the workplace. Realities of health disparities Proper definition of health disparities will contribute toward creating awareness of health disparities in the workplace. Hughes (2014a) advocates that, every worker should understand the meaning of health disparities, the different types, and the vulnerable population. Different dep
Introduction This paper discusses an action research project. It is an effective tool for professional growth and effective leadership aimed to create a practical environment for future leaders. Successes   * Coordination of team partners;   * Learning how to be an effective speaker;   * Learning practical/theoretical leadership nuances;   * Self-improvement. Challenges/Lessons Challenges consist of confronting conflicts, lack of previous experience, and independence. Lessons include performing action research or improving leadership skills, planning, and organizational and social justice.
Introduction Motivation is the process that initiates and sustains certain behaviors or codes of conduct. A motivating factor triggers the beginning of a certain behavior and as long as the motivating factor is present, the person retains the behavior. This implies that the process of motivation is a cause-effect in which case, the cause is the motivating factor, while the behavior is the effect. The emergence of this knowledge has triggered several researches in view of understanding the motivation process best. Initially, employers viewed the employees as just another input in the production process and continued to do so until the understanding about motivation came up. Since then, employers have changed their behavior and approach towards their employees. This paper aims at exploring the facts behind one of the motivational theories and examining its applicability in the working place. Thereafter, the paper explores the need for new motivation theories to supplement the inapplicability of the theory under discussion. Concepts of motivation In a wide range, managers have approached the issue of employee motivation under the guidance of two concepts. One of these concepts is the concept of the intrusive and extrusive motivation. Factors like personal interest and enjoyment of tasks assigned to a person, which are intrinsic in nature are motivating factors (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004). This concept of motivation contends that the individual is motivated when factors within them are chief motivators. The idea of extrusive motivation on the other hand approaches work as a means to an end. This is to say that individuals will work to attain a certain outcome. This motivation, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, comes from external sources or pressures. Examples of extrusive motivational factors include competition and money. It is important to note that extrusive motivation is not always positive. Negative factors like punishment and threats can be motivating factors. Another concept employed under motivation is the concept of self-control, which becomes clearer when studied as emotional intelligence. This concept refers to the application of self-control by individuals when in pursuit of goals and targets (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004). This concept is of the idea that need cause by a deficiency in a person is a cause for a drive to satisfy that need and therefore this drive may not require an external stimulus. This therefore implies that the role of external stimulus may be to encourage consistency certain behaviors, which become more of permanent. Need hierarchy theory Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, in 1954 developed this theory in an attempt to show the complexity of human needs. In his theory, he constructed progressive hierarchical classes that every individual must grow through; once the needs of one class are satisfied, the individual progresses to the next class. This theory stands on a founding assumption that the motivating factor in human beings is unsatisfied need and that those needs have priorit
Introduction The history of the United States military has evolved over a period of two centuries since independence. The concepts of logistic and procurement has become the central pillars in military operations because their application form the basis of a strong army. Huston (2004) defines logistics as “the application of time and space factors to war.” According to Haggerty and Wood (2010), military procurement must be agile and innovative having broader base of ideas from government, academia and industry. The extent of logistics and procurement of war material has proved over a period of two centuries to be the determining factor in a battle and not mere sophistication of the weapons. Revolutionary War This war occurred in 1775- 1783 and led Americans gain their independence from their British colonies. Prior to the revolutionary war, the thirteen American colonies functioned independently having their own unprofessional armies who lacked efficient military training and had crude weapons. When the revolutionary war erupted, Continental Congress resolved to form a coordinated army so that they can fight their colonialist, the British. George Washington was appointed the commander-in-chief of the continental army and he formulated the logistics of fighting the revolutionary war and eventually defeating the British army (Huston, 2006). George Washington combined both continental and local militia in his war logistics to combat British army (Palmer, 2004). The continental army objective was to disrupt British logistical transport of the armies, weapons and food. According to palmer (2004), Continental Congress establish continental navy and equipped them through the “purchase, conversion, and construction of a cruiser navy ships” which constantly surveyed the sea and prevent British army from building their logistics and procurement of essential goods and weapons. The success of the revolutionary war was attributed to the logistics employed by the George Washington as he coordinately combined the continental army and local militia and focuses his attacks on the weakest points of the British army in terms of disrupting their transport logistics in the sea and avoidance of engaging in decisive battles (Tokar, 2006). The defeat of the British army has proved to the Americans “the importance of sea power” although the continental army was faced with the setbacks such as politicized commanders and incompetent soldiers (Palmer, 2004). Continental army was eventually disbanded due to political, economic and philosophical reasons in relation to the international diplomacy necessary for the growth of commerce. Early National period After revolutionary war and disbandment of the continental navy, the
Introduction Since the day of announcing Ghana as an independent country (1975), it has been trying to solve the problem of poverty. Many problems which exist in the country are either caused by the poverty or can influence it. People don’t get appropriate health care, children don’t receive education, living standards and nutritional status are very low (Whitehead, 2006). The inability even crop farmers feed themselves is caused by the lack of technical support which cannot be purchased by rural citizens (Sackey, 2005). Both rural and urban citizens suffer greatly. The issue cannot remain unsolved anymore, as people die. Previous programs were effective only for a short-term period. The main idea of the policy is to make it effective for a long period of time. Critique of policy options The Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS I) and the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS II) were the main policies aimed at solving the problem of poverty in the region up to 2009. The problem of making a new policy appeared, but it remained an unsolved issue up to June 14, 2011, when a new Coordinated Programme of Economic and Social Development Policies for 2010-2016 was adopted (Parliament adopts report on poverty reduction strategy, 2011). Current policy options:   * This program covers many problems and poverty is only one of those. One of the main disadvantages of the document is that the problem of poverty isn’t considered separately, but only as a part of other economic and social problems. However, it gives an opportunity to see the connection of the issues (Mills, 2011).   * Lack of governmental support is the main disadvantage of the previous program. The program failed as it was directed at short period of time and didn’t presuppose the governmental support. Policy recommendations This policy pays attention to the mistakes of the previous variants, that is why it may be considered as the most effective way for solving the problem of poverty. Having many options which may help solve the problem immediately, we would like to focus on modernization o
The development of engineering ethics can be traced to the turn of the 20 th century when the mother engineering associations formulated ethical codes. The engineering ethics refer to the guidelines and principles applied by engineers in their professional practice. Adoption of the first code of ethics was by The Institute of Civil Engineers of England in 1910.From then on it has been established and practiced in most states. The engineers are required by the law to join professional organizations and obtain professional licenses before they can practice in line with the requirements of other professions such as law, medicine, and accounting. This paper will compare the difference that exists in several codes of ethics around the world as well as how they can be professionally applied from different perspectives. In addition to this the paper will seek to determine how the impact of religion of some of the engineering codes. Ever since the professionalization of engineering, there have been conflicts between professional engineers and technical engineers with each group fighting for recognition of supremacy. Professional organizations have strived to incorporate codes of ethics in their rules while technical societies of engineers do not adopt uniform codes of ethics. They prefer to educate their members on the importance of ethics. Engineering ethics often emerge from major disasters and catastrophes in landmark structures. The collapse of the Quebec Bridge in 1907 saw the emergence of the Order of the engineer in America and the iron ring in Canada. Members take an oath to observe the code of ethics and put on a ring to remind them constantly of the commitment to upholding ethics. In the recent past, review of the code of ethics and introduction of engineering ethics as a course in engineering classrooms has been precipi
Negotiation Role The reason for the negotiation was to avoid a strike and make the management board meet their demand for higher pay and no intrusion in “non activity” time. As a member of the teacher’s union, the role of the negotiation would be to look into the benefit of the teachers. Worksheet Questions Discussed  1. Salary  2. Teachers’ evaluation  3. Employment security for teachers  4. Work load  5. Benefits Interests School Board: The interest of the school board is to maintain its budget and negotiate the best possible salary and benefits with the Teachers’ Union in order to avoid the strike. Teachers’ Union: The aim of the union is to attain the best possible offer in terms of salary, benefits, working hours, and teachers’ evaluation by receiving a new contract when the school reopens after the summers. Parents’ Association: Want the schools to function normally and resume its operations on day-to-day basis. Points of Negotiations Category                      Previous Year                 School Board Offer                                                          Resistance Point                                                                                                                         Teachers’ Salaries (in $)     15240000                      14411500                                                                    Higher salary + Higher cost of living +Higher Benefit                                                                                    Duration of Contract (years)  1                             3                                                                           1                                                                                                                                                                      Pupil Ratio 32:1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Work Load                     Duty free time of 25 minutes  Board wants teachers to do other activities during duty free time           Not willing to do any other activity during the 25 minutes break                                                                                                       Prep time                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Benefits                      Fringe benefits               Reduce fringe benefits                                                      Higher paid leave in terms of childcare leave, bereavement leave, and other civic duties                                                 Teachers’ evaluation          No Evaluation                 Third party Evaluation + Grant of tenure or layoff depending on evalu