ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Recent statistics according to the World Health Organization predict that in the next few years, the main global causes of mortality and morbidity will be non-communicable diseases (Reynolds 1). There has been a gradual and rapid shift towards meat and dairy products as well as refined foods containing high levels of saturated fats, especially for those individuals in the middle and lower income nations (Chopra, Galbraith & Darnton-Hill 952). Summary for Article 1 Studies show that obesity levels among women in the North African and Eastern European regions surpass those in the United States (Reynolds 2). Studies have also revealed that there are over 170,000 fast food restaurants and 3million soft drink vending machines in the United States whereby only 37% of meals were home-cooked meals, as majority of individuals never use basic ingredients to prepare them (Chopra, Galbraith & Darnton-Hill 954). School going children are the most affected by this rapid environmental change as concerns nutrition as over 90% of them consume snack foods every day. Majority of schools also incorporate fast food restaurants as well as the vending machines that encourage this behavior in young children. Critique for Article 1 This article is about a global response to a global problem, that is, the epidemic of over nutrition. The authors begin the article by informing the readers of the current statistic in regards to a rising menace in form of non-communicable diseases. This includes obesity and overweight issues (Chopra, Galbraith & Darnton-Hill 956). The authors then proceed in discussing what the World Trade Organization (WTO) is trying to do in addressing this issue. However, instead of directly discussing the key issue, which is obesity, the article looks at a number of current studies and statistics showing the reason why food has become unsafe in this modern day society. The authors did not consider that some of the readers would not be in a position to understand what those percentages implied and would require simplified kind of reading (Chopra, Galbraith & Darnton-Hill 957). The article also tends to talk a lot about what the World Health Organization is trying to do or the efforts that its trying to implement instead of discussing issues such as causes, symptoms, effects and treatment and prevention of obesity and overweight problems (Chopra, Galbraith & Darnton-Hill 958). Introduction Since people evolved in an environment where there existed nutritional uncertainty, majority of those who now have access to super abundant supplies of food are finding it a challenge due to the huge environmental transformation (Reynolds 1). Statistics have revealed that in the United States alone, approximately 55% of adults are obese, with countries such as Canada, Europe and Australia exhibiting high levels of obesity among their citizens (Chopra, Galbraith & Darnton-Hill 953). This is because high-en
Communication refers to the process of conveying information so as to create a level of understanding among different parties (Walaski, 2011, p.11). Health care communication enables people to identify health risks they face, avenues for help and preventive measures they can use to reduce their vulnerability (Hicks & Nicolas, 2011, p.17). Health care communication ameliorates people’s outlook towards health. Some attributes of good health care communication are accuracy, availability of information, consistency, cultural competence in information delivery, evidence based information, reliability and understandability of information (Hicks & Nicolas, 2011, p.23). In health care communication, considering the ability of the audience to read, understand and act on health information is essential. Communication methods for a national drug manufacturer There are varied communication methods applicable in addressing reports of significant negative effects caused by a medication from the manufacturer. In this scenario, timely delivery
In the years that followed the Second World War, there was a call from communists to take control of various countries. Notably, East Europe was a region where the call by communists was more pronounced. Various countries in Eastern Europe decided to follow the communist calls and established communist governments. It should be noted that this had various impacts on these countries. Communists were proponents of cooperation among members of the society to ensure that they produced what the society as a whole needed. It was the philosophy of communism that the welfare of the society should come first before any individual is considered. Furthermore, communists believed that it is the moral duty of every member of the society to care for others and this will make people work hard. As a result, it was pointless to make people compete in the hope that they will increase their productivity. On the same note, communism required people to contribute to society according to their ability while each person was to be allocated resources according to his or her need. Similarly, communism demands that in addition to the wages that employees receive, the profits made should be distributed among members of the workforce. Moreover, it is the idea of communists that the markets have various imperfections and thus cannot perfectly meet the requirements. Consequently, the government intervened to guide the market. On the same note, communist leaders advocated for equal opportunities for all people. Also, workers were expected to have a say at their places of work. These ideas reduced the living standards of people living in Eastern Europe compared to the rest of the continent. On the same
Introduction Mark Twain is known all over world for his witty humor. His novels and short stories are funny and easy-to-read, but at the same time the author manages to depict all human vices, making you laugh at them. He has some books about children, and one of them is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . Main text We can see the world through the eyes of the white boy, Huck, who is the narrator. It is no surprise that a child is the one to tell the story, because children cannot lie. It is difficult to say that about educated and “decent” grown-ups. They go to church and believe in God, but still they accept racism and slavery. And as for Huck the color of skin doesn’t matter to him. He makes friends with a runaway slave, Jim. They start their journey along the Missouri. As for their relations, they are the embodiment of true friendship. They friends help each other in every way. Huck treats the black man with respect just because Jim is older. This is how it should be in society, which claims to be moral and fair. But what can we see in the reality? In the eyes of general public they both are just outcasts. What happens to children with years? They just lose the ability to see things not the way they are said to be, but the way they are. They learn to lie and, what is more, they start to believe in what they say. The Widow Douglas and Miss Watson are representatives of decent middle-class society, but Huck just cannot bear living with them and wearing the mask of hypocrisy for the rest of his life. As for the poor women they are sure they teach Huck only good, they want to make the boy “civilized”, but in fact they are just spoiling him. Under their influence Huck has to invent two gods. Because how can the God of love and compassion be so cruel? Huck is uneducated and his speech is rude, he’s far from being a small gentleman, but we can see that he is honest. During their trip Huckleberry and Jim experience many funny and frightening adventures. Some of them made the boy feel sick of the humans. Two bandits, the King and the Duke joined them. They turned out to be cruel and immoral, had no sense of decency, nothing was sacred with them. When in one small town the King found out about death of one man, he pretended to be his brother. Everyone treated them with all the possible kindness and tried to please them and make them feel comfortable. Huck says “Well, if I ever struck anything like it, I’m a nigger. It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race.” At the end of the story both evil-doers were punished. But when Huck saw the King and the Duke tarred and feathered, surrounded by crying and hooting crowd, he felt sorry for them. “Well, it made me sick to see it; and I was sorry for them poor pitiful rascals, it seemed like I couldn’t ever feel any hardness against them anymore in the world. It was a dreadful thing to see. Hu
Situation Analysis Bank customers act as both suppliers and consumers to the banks. The customers supply the bank with money, which is the raw material for financial institutions. On the other hand, customers act as consumers by being the buyers of various products of the financial institutions. Therefore, it is vital for a bank to have customers who would be able to supply it with large amounts of money and consume huge quantities of the bank’s products (Wright, Watkins and Ennew 65). Big banks prefer to attract corporate customers. The high value of the transactions of corporate customers reaps huge financial benefits to the banks. On the other hand, small retail customers undertake small value transactions. However, the profit margins of financial transactions of small customers are usually higher than the profit margins of transactions of corporate customers. Increased competition in the retail banking market segment threatens to reduce the profit margin in this market segment (Quiry et al 264) However, big banks have enough financial resource to cope with the stiff competition in the market segment. Problem Analysis There is a steady increase in the amount of small retail customers that banks serve. This market segment offers a suitable growth opportunity for banks. The retail banking segment is the most profitable segment. Small retail customers require many banking services. Some of the services include payroll management and investment products. Therefore, it is vital for banks to formulate strategies that would help in attracting small retail customers. Big banks have generally been unsuccessful in attracting and retaining small retail customers. One of the major factors that lead to poor retention of small retail customers is the inability to offer high quality services to small retail customers. Big banks do not usually solve the problems of the small retail customers quickly and courteously. In addition, big banks charge high fees, which are prohibitive to small retail customers (Rezaee 88). Big banks do not usually have products that fulfill the needs of the small retail customers. This is due to the wide variety of products that small retail customers need. In addition, small customers account for a small percentage of the revenue of big banks. Therefore, big banks do not prioritize the interests of the small retail customers. Mismatch of products makes small retail customers look for banking services in other financial institutions. The location of big banks is also one of the major factors that restrict big bank’s ability to attract small retail customers. Big banks are usually located in upmarket areas, which are far from the location of the business establishments of small retail customers. This makes it difficult for small retail customers to access the services of big banks easily. Therefore, small ret
Introduction For a long period of time filamentous fungi like Sordaria have been employed in the food and pharmaceutical sectors of industry as major producers of recombinant proteins. This use has arisen from many of these filamentous fungi, like Sordaria being given the classification of generally recognized as safe (GRAS), making them suitable candidates for the production of recombinant proteins. (1). Biology of Sordaria Sordaria is a member of the group of fungi known as Ascomycetes. A feature of Sodaria is the presence of branched filaments that are haploid. Sexual reproduction in Sodaria occurs between the adjacent hyphae. During this sexual reproduction the nuclei in one hypha migrate into the adjacent hypha and fuse in pairs. Every diploid nucleus that is the consequence of this fusion generates a perithecium that is made up of a group of spore-producing infrastructure that are termed as asci. (2). To start with every ascus contains a single diploid nucleus. This single diploid nucleus goes through three repeated divisions, in which the initial two divisions are meiotic and may be termed as meiotic I and meiotic II, while the third division is mitotic. The consequence of these three repeated divisions is that the ascus now has eight haploid spores, which are known as ascospores. Inside the ascus the eight acospores are so arranged to make up a linear sequence that reflects the order in which they were formed. This means that the spores containing two nuclei as a result of any particular nuclear division can be seen adjacent to one another. The color of the acosphores is not the same and is varied, where some of the acosphores are seen as black, while the others appear as white. This color variance is because of the difference in genetic constitution. The white spores have an allele which can be termed as W, which is different from the allele that is possessed by the black spores and termed as B. (2). Recombination Frequency Linked genes are known to demonstrate some frequency of recombination that ranges from almost nil to a maximum of fifty percent and is dependent on the particular genes involved. This recombination that is seen in linked genes can be explained as the result of the crossing over between chromatids that occurs during the diplotene stage of meiosis. This makes it possible that the difference between the alleles segregating at the time of meiosis becomes the marker for the gene and also the chromosome locus where it is found. (3). In the Sordaria species it is seen that the te
Introduction Underwater acoustic communication is made possible by a software modem or soft water modem. It allows users to run applications on reliable sockets interface without the need for extra hardware, with the exception of transducers and significant amplification. There is a variety of channel conditions for various locations including deep and shallow waters, which implies that different communication parameters such as modulation technique and frame length would be most favorable for various locations. The ability to examine the natural world has been improved by advances in communication and sensor technology. The sophisticated sensing systems make it possible to execute a variety of instantaneous, significant experiments to examine the sophisticated ecosystem procedures (Preisig 2006). The effort is essential for a variety of reasons, including essential environmental factors like water temperature and salinity, and intricate measurements like pathogenic bacteria. “Other intricate observations made possible include examining the exodus of fishes and other aquatic animals across large ocean areas with varying tagging approaches” (Preisi, 2006). Objectives of the new Aqua Node initiative The initiative’s main objective is “design and development of an enabling communication network to propagate multi-unit underwater sensing experiments” (DSPComm 2009)”. The system will make it possible to carry out underwater sensing and imaging experiments using three communication layers namely: “the interface stations over the ocean surface; underwater base stations; and the sensing and imaging units, which are all designed to function in mobile mode” (DSPComm 2009). “Difficulties are posed in the design and development of software-defined acoustic modem for the communication among the underwater sensor unit’s at all three layers” (Kim & Iltis 2004, p 12). In addition to this, the acoustic modem is expected to include “navigation and guidance, sensor data harvesting, and remote interactive sensing and imaging experiments, as the survey modality advances toward mobile autonomous sensing” (Kim & Iltis 2004, p 12). According to Hwang (2003, p 762), the previous design of the acoustic modem has been at the algorithmic level and employs Walsh/m-sequence signaling with Matching Pursuits (MP) channel estimation where a software-defined implementation of the modem in the TI C6713 DSP device is observed. “To facilitate real-time operations, an optimized version of the MP channel estimation algorithm is developed. Operation of the modem will be a bandwidth of 6 kHz at a center frequency of 24 kHz, with 161 bps data rate,” (Hwang 2003, p 762). Existing acoustic modems There are a few underwater acoustic modems in existence. These modems are used either as commercial products or for research purposes, though both make use of custom hardware to varying degrees. There are a few modulation techniques offered by the purely software-defined approach to pa
Introduction The ever complex and continuously changing environment of the hospitality industry presents a never ending assortment of stimuli, pressures and work-related demands which easily become sources of stress for hotel employees, particularly customer service employees. A challenge for the hospitality industry has always oscillated around coming up with effective ways that could be used to empower front-line employees to provide quality service that satisfies consumers (Hu & Cheng, 2010). A flood of existing literature demonstrate that it is important for managers to examine job-related factors and other extraneous factors that may affect the performance of customer service employees because it is these employees who often represent the sole contact a customer has with the organization (Netemeyer, Maxham, & Pullig, 2005). A focus on the identification of current and potential stressors affecting this group of employees, and the subsequent development of interventions which could be used by the employees to manage and curtail stress effectively, is imperative. It is the purpose of the present paper to provide a critical insight into the antecedents of stress among customer service employees in the hospitality industry. An evaluation of the individual, individual –organizational, and organizational antecedents of stress will be conducted. The paper will then focus attention to the interventions that could be used to manage stress among customer service employees. Understanding Stress Available literature suggest that it is often difficult to come up with a unified definition of the term ‘stress’ since it happens within individuals and can only be conceptualized in individual rather than holistic terms (Chao, 2011). However, as noted by Lee-Davies & Bailey (2007), any definition must take into consideration the perception of the individual involved. These authors describe stress in a simple and understandable way, arguing that its genesis is the generation of a particular discomfort that makes an individual feel out of control in some way, and which varies from person to person. In terms of customer service employees, such ‘discomfort’ can emanate from a nagging customer, a strict hotel supervisor, job insecurity, negative attitudes, role overload, family-work conflict, or uneasy interpersonal relationships (Murphy & Duxbury, 2005). These stressors will be discussed in detail in the subsequent section. Lee-Davies & Bailey (2007) suggests that it is that point of discomfort which is constant in all employees that calibrates the biological ‘distress’ point. According to these authors, “…the signs of stress can be biological and cognitive and are linked to the inbuilt ‘flight and fight’ mechanisms our body has for survival” (p. 182). The antecedents of stress are stimulated by our level of mental discomfort, especially in situations where we feel that something is out of our capability. Of
Project management is the term commonly utilized for business processes’ explanation; however, nurses and other healthcare providers can implement its practices to address the quality improvement gaps at their facilities. Such execution allows to timely achieve certain results with optimal use of resources and stakeholders (Sipes, 2020). Furthermore, project management includes the implementation of the SMART objectives crucial for initial planning and goal setting. Developing specific, measurable, assignable, realistic, and timely strategies for addressing an outpatient clinic’s issues are beneficial because evidence-based practices and tools can be structurally implemented (Sipes, 2020). This paper aims to discuss how project management and SMART objectives approaches can be applied for addressing the quality improvement practice gap for nurses involved in an MRI procedure. The outpatient clinic nurses have different experiences and scope of knowledge about MRI, and this frequently used type of imaging can harm both healthcare provider and a patient. Equipment and algorithms required for the procedure continuously change due to technological development, contain dangerous radiologic processes, and missing crucial aspects is unsafe (Talbot, 2019). It is challenging to retrieve the exact areas of MRI performing that require clarification or additional education for nurses without gathering their and clients’ feedback or conducting data-driven research (Nash et al., 2019). Consequently, the need for identifying the
Influences, impact and paradox: Turkish attitude towards the European Union Turkey is a country which has long standing relationships with the European Union. The country has long been applying for the European Union membership (Togan, S. 1019). Turkey has continued to embrace western culture due to its geopolitical position and the friendliness of Ataturk towards western ideologies. Thus, it has continued to westernize its system such that its effects have been felt throughout every sector of the Turkish society. The country also became a member of NATO thereby taking a position against the communism during the period of the iron curtain (Avrupa’ya Hayir Diyebilen Turkiye 157). There have been a lot of passionate moves by the Turkish government to embrace the Middle Eastern culture. This has led the government to establish relationships with its eastern and North African neighbours. The country has also been involved in major peace initiatives in the Arab world. It is important to note that its strong relationship with the US also made the country a strong Israeli ally. However, this relationship cooled down when Turkey supported the Palestinians in Gaza. This cooling came at the same time with the moving away of Turkey from the EU due to its foreign policies. The country has therefore made several alterations to its domestic policies in order to comply with EU standards. For instance, the country abolished death penalty. Turkey also had a positive attitude towards the Annan Plan in the UN-led Referendum to unite Northern (Turkish) and the Southern (Greek) Cypriots. It opened the border with Armenia and improved its relations with Greece. It is thus appropriate to state that Turkey’s attitude will only be enhanced by having it to solve different issues. Some of the issues involve the period in which Turkey reformed and reorganized its policies to synchronize with those of EU. This actually corresponds to the electoral victory of AKP. This party single handily formed the next government that oversaw great steps towards the EU, among them a return to negotiations. AKP reduced the role of its military in the National Security Council. Also, the party abolished death penalty (Anderson 22). These changes depicted the party as one that was committed to integrate with EU