ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction At first, robot technology was an invention whose aim was to fascinate the human being. Its ability to imitate certain characteristics of a human being, and its ability to do certain specific tasks that it was programmed to do is a point of fascination and impression. Inventors would display their technological skill through making such inventions that would outdo human beings in performing certain tasks. For instance, the French brothers, Pierre and Henri have been credited for inventing a doll that is capable of playing the Piano. Such early inventions proved to be of no economic or social value to the community, yet the idea of letting robots assist in some of the human activities was still to be unveiled. Since this time in the eighteenth century to date, robotics has revolutionized to a point that it threatens to face off some of the common duties that a human being performs. One look at the modern industries will give an idea as to what extent robots have been engaged in performing human duties. Though most of what they do involve only small functions that they could possibly perform, man has done a lot to ease the amount of work that he needs to do. This paper seeks to persuade business persons and government institutions to implement the use of robots in their working fields. The idea here is to give the importance of using robots and the amounts of benefits prospected from their use. On the other hand, the paper is purposely written to convince people to get used to the fact that robots are a part of humanity and that they should involve them in their day-to-day activities. Level of Acceptance of Robots by the Human Being Regardless of what other people think, robot technology has ultimately taken over a greater part of our day-to-day activities. Even without noticing it, robots perform more duties in our daily lives than we can even realize. For example, robots make human beings save a lot of time in reaching their destinations since they are capable of preventing the build up of traffic jams. A robot can guide one in booking a holiday trip online. In the same regard, computers offer a credible amount of aid in schools for many children (Doyle, 169). Many have tried to argue that the robot technology has reduced the amount of jobs available and therefore; many people have lost their jobs. Most of these people argue that due to the increasing number of computer equipped robots, the banking industry, the technical industry and even the administrative departments of many countries have suffered great losses at the expense of these inventions. https://boingboing.net/images/robotdensity19.gif The above chart is a breakdown of industrial robots worldwide. Nevertheless, there are more jobs being created even when some are being lost. Technology simply brings with it a different twist of nature whereby one party looses as the other gains.
Positivist Paradigm Positivist paradigm was developed in the 19th century after the rejection of metaphysics by scholars such as August Compte. Before the introduction of the positivist paradigm, the world was studied through natural sciences. Positivist believed that the social world can be studied through observations and analysis of research findings. Consequently, the positivist paradigm was developed to help in studying the social world with the aim of acquiring accurate knowledge on social phenomenon. Positivist scientists believe that there is a real world that is independent. Thus it is not affected by the perception of human beings. Positivists believe that “reality is composed of human phenomena that are causally linked to one another” (Travers, 2010, p. 12). For example, the expected degradation of the environment in the Mackenzie delta was linked to the construction of a pipeline in the region. The positivist paradigm is “based on the epistemology of empiricism” (Travers, 2010, p. 12). This means that the real world can only be understood by acquiring knowledge that is supported by empirical evidence. Thus any social phenomenon that can not be measured or verified with the aid of common senses is not real. In the Mackenzie Valley pipeline inquiry, the commissioner had to base his judgment on the empirical evidence provided by the investigation. Consequently, scientific research was done on the potential negative impacts on the environment. The outcome of the investigation revealed that the project would interfere with the ecosystem and endanger some species of animals and birds (Berger, 1988, p. 96). Thus the commissioner ruled against the project. According to the positivist paradigm, the findings of the inquiry were considered to be knowledge since they were based on empirical evidence. According to the paradigm, researchers should be able to conduct their investigations in a manner that is free from the bias that is associated with prejudice and personal values (Travers, 2010, p. 13). Consequently, the commissioner had to listen to all concerned parties in order to get the unbiased position on the impacts of the project. Positivism focuses on objectivism in collecting data through observations. Critical Discussion The potential impact of the pipeline project was the subject matter of the inquiry. The positivist paradigm helps in understanding the subject of the inquiry in three ways. First, the paradigm relies on empirical evidence (Travers, 2010, p. 12). Consequently, it is possible to understand how and why the commissioner rejected the project. The commissioner’s decision was based on empirical evidence that was presented during the inquiry. Second, the paradigm focuses on fairness or justice. This helps in understanding why various groups had to be given attention by the commissioner. Finally, the concept of objectivism enables use to understand the relationship between the methods used in the investigation and the expected impacts of the project. Objectivism enables researchers to approach a problem with a
Abstract of Reading 1: March (1994) As a core competency in leadership, decision-making is the logical approach to the dissemination of guidelines and a stringent measure in how order, power, rationality, identity, and decision intelligence play a role in rule-following and rationality of making decisions. Though lacking implicit case examples to serve as strategic guidelines, the Marchian decision-making model is a core competency as comprehensively outlined using a theoretical framework by March. Through coordination of personal effort across the organizational framework, decision-making becomes a managements driving force. To achieve a level playground, that allows sustainable development, especially in workplaces, creating consistent and effective partnerships across the workplace is essential in priming the business process. This book insists that by creating consistent and effective partnerships between workers and managers, identities in preference should be eradicated for their barriers to development and progressive accomplishment of tasks. This approach defines relationships in tasks as a co-evolution and existence that constantly required shifts in alignment as per actions implied by identities. Rules are the proponents of decision-making. Rules, when followed allow decisions to happen. Marchian principles stipulate that in an organization, the following rules affect organizational decision making whereby, if rules are followed, good decisions are made and vice versa. As such, rule-following is a logic of appropriateness which when followed, provides solutions to complex issues and making of rational decisions. In an organization, it is then important if organizational decision-making is based on rule-following behavior. This concept connotes a culture that subscribes to certain tenets, in this case, rules. Rules are the foundations for coordinated individual activity in the workplace. This reading is a comprehensive guide to successful rule-following behavior development within organizations. The reading identifies the major challenges of rule-abiding principals across the organization. It is a composite theoretical framework for how rules should be followed and can be used as catalytic elements of management. Personal Experience Most people in the contemporary community have a lot of roles to perform. All roles performed by a single person can be considered his/her identities as we need to identify ourselves in a way to fit the rules and norms established for a certain community. The identities within the family make me a child for my parents, a grandchild for my grandparents, and a fellow for other siblings. However, I am regarded as a friend by people that trust me, as a student by educators, as a neighbor by people living in the neighborhood, as a candidate by employers at the company I want to work for; these and other identities are available for every person who lives in society as this lifestyle presupposes some portion of communication and interpersonal relations. In this respect, I follow the rules established in society as well a
An earthquake is defined as a rapture that occurs on the earth’s crust, and it’s brought about by building up of stress in the crust through plate movements on fault lines (Yeats Sieh & Allen, 1997). The fracture comes about when the strain goes beyond the strength which the brittle lithospheric rock can hold. Earthquakes have numerous effects on society at large. The effects vary from social, political, physical, and psychological problems. Earthquakes occur briefly, but the aftershock continues for months while the damages caused last for years (Kellenberg & Mobarak 2008) The worst earthquake in over 200 years struck Port-au-Prince near the Caribbean city of Haiti on the afternoon of 12th January 2010. The earthquake damaged structures, displaced millions, and killed thousands of people. Official estimates stated that 222,500 people died, 300,000 were severely injured, more than 1.2 million people were displaced, and 97,000 houses were totally destroyed while 188,000 were damaged. Short-term effects of the earthquake The short-term effects of the earthquake include food shortage, lack of clean water; breakdown of communication, lack
Over the ages, a great number of people have spoken and taught about leadership, where it comes from, how to lead within a company or an organization and how to achieve good results (Newsom, 2010). It is a process where a person socially influences another individual or a group to perform a task and achieve a goal. Although the principles of Leadership, the role of character, and personal qualities may be difficult to fathom, they are very important because they determine the performance of a leader. Therefore, leadership needs to be guided by principles. This essay will explore the principles of leadership in relation to President George W. Bush. To begin with, a leader should build alliances by encouraging teamwork in an organization. President Bush in his leadership created the right structure of teamwork. He ensured that both his inner circle and his closest advisers had access to him (Ohansen, 2010). Therefore, building a relationship with the workers is important since it creates the value of teamwork. An ideal leader should train the organization to work as a team (Newsom, 2010). Secondly, a leader must be disciplined. As a worthy example, Bush was known for discipline in and out of the office. Unlike Clinton whose ideas were subject to change, Bush’s ways were firm and controlled (Liu, 2010). He meant what he said or did and firmly stood by it. His work and schedules were timely and tight. It is important to note that great and quality leadership goes hand in hand with discipline. This becomes an admirable quality that customers, employees and even the public are looking for (Ohansen, 2010). Other qualities that a leader should add to discipline include prudence, humility, compassion and courage. If such a leader is in an organization or a company, employees will emulate him and draw inspiration that will propel them into good work. Many leaders today need the discipline to help them adapt to the competitive business environment (Ohansen, 2010). Thirdly, a leader should use the departments and sections in the organization to their maximum capability in order to achieve results (Ohansen, 2010). A leader should be able to mobilize the departments to work harder and attain a goal (Newsom, 2010). Being a Republican, Bush knew that his policies and promises had to count for something and that he had to fulfill his initiatives (Newsom, 2010). This made him work harder to become the president. Similarly, leaders should adopt this system of getting results. They should know that the calculus of good leadership is about getting results. This characteristic should be passed on to the subordinates too. In addition, another principle of leadership is to know how to bring in the right people for the job. Leaders need to be knowledgeable of the ability the staff they are hiring (Liu, 2010). It is important that every leader identify the areas
Introduction The abolishment of slavery in 1865 changed the lives of many individuals living in the South of the US. In the same year, a group called the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) had its first official meeting (Alexander 38). The group was created in Tennessee, and its appearance significantly affected the politics of many Southern states. During the 1860s, the KKK grew in size as it gained more members due to its aggressive and hateful policies (Parsons 30). The influence of the KKK was exacerbated by the fact that the group appeared when the country was recovering from the Civil War. Therefore it is reasonable to believe that the creation of the KKK was caused by the political unrest that followed after the end of the war. The Ku Klux Klan and the ideology of violence The ideology of the Ku Klux Klan was based on violence. The lack of control after the war-affected people who were dissatisfied with the results of the war and wanted to establish a new order. The focus on violence appealed to individuals, whose prejudice against black people progressed into notions of white supremacy. Thus, the group’s aggressive behavior was fairly disorganized in the beginning phase of its existence (Alexander 40). However, the race issue was not the only basis for the group’s growing influence. The economic reasons that guided many of the Klan’s members were founded in their refusal to accept the outcomes of the war (Du Bois 381). For instance, many white voters wanted to dominate the politics of the Southern states to retract the changes brought after the institutionalized slavery was destabilized. The members of the KKK assumed that the end of slavery could amount to the loss of voting privileges for white Americans. Many of them also perceived black people to be a threat to their property and employment rates (Billings 201). Therefore, parts of the South were affected by the KKK the most because of the widespread of slavery before the war. The group’s members tried to suppress black votes using violence, killing and injuring countless black Americans as a result. The presidential election that took place in 1968 can be considered as one of the examples, where the Klan’s members used violence to affect the election’s result (Du Bois 332). Black Republicans were persecuted to influence other members’ votes. While some states were recruited to pack people to represent their communities in court, Southern states continued to be affected by aggressive and uncivilized notions (Burke 127). In the end, multiple states in the South did not offer their support to the Republican candidate, and the majority of votes were given to the Democratic party. After two years of disorganized violent activities, the group started to lose its influence. Conclusion During the 1870s, white Americans were in control of the majority of Southern states, excluding only Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. South Carolina had many former slaves, freedmen, affecting the political situation in the state. However, in 1876, ten years after the end of the war, the interes
The case study provided is an example of how mismanagement can lead to huge problems for an organization. The case revolves around a recruiter named Carl Robins who was hired by ABC Company. Robins being a recruiter, hired fifteen new employees whose orientation was scheduled to take place on 15 th of June. However, during the recruiting process, Robins makes several mistakes. Robins is unable to obtain the required documentation and results of the mandatory drug tests of the recruits. With the orientation of the recruits just around the corner, there is no time for Robins to obtain all documents on time. Furthermore, Robins’ cannot gather all recruiters again as the training room has been booked, and it will not be free until the day of the orientation. This situation has created major concerns for Robins. One of the main reasons for the series of mistakes was the inexperience of Robins as a recruiter. It was quite apparent that Robins lacked the necessary skills and experience to work as a recruiter. While the majority of the blame lies with Robins, the Human Resource department of the organization had a significant part in the entire ordeal as well. Robins was a new employee at the organization, and it was the HR department’s responsibility to monitor his work and make sure he does not make any significant mistakes. Lack of experience and irresponsible behavior from the HR department became the cause of some serious problems for the organization. Possible Solution To ensure that the orientation remains as per the schedule, and Robins obtains all of the paperwork regarding the hiring of recruits, the following steps can be undertaken:   * Since recruits are being hired for Monica Carrolls; therefore, it would be wise to contact her first and discuss the matter with her.   * After conducting a meeting with Ms. Carrolls and explaining the entire situation, Robins must ask for her
Introduction The term “domestic violence” is used to denote the physical or emotional abuse that occurs in the homes. It is the repeated abusive act or behavior of one spouse directed to another who is in an intimate relationship. Physical abuse includes beating or hitting of the victim. On the other hand, emotional abuse includes threats directed to the victim meant to intimidate him or her, which leaves the victim living in psychological distress (Bolin, 1). Domestic abuse has devastating effects on the members of the family. This includes direct victims and other family members such as children who may be affected indirectly. Domestic Violence Domestic violence is a vice that happens in many societies around the world. In China, the vice is on the increase. This has prompted an online campaign against domestic violence. Most of those supporting the campaign agree that there is no legislative support for the victims of domestic violence. This makes the victims afraid or ashamed of speaking it out. The lack of legislative support is a major challenge to fight against the vice (Bolin, 1). It has been argued that the vice is widespread in the country. In fact, domestic violence is witnessed in more than thirty percent of families in China (Ribbons, 21). This is partly because China lacks legislation that protects domestic violence victims or even defining what constitutes the vice. In addition, this can be attributed to the fact that the vice is entrenched in the Chinese tradition. In this case, it was normal for men to beat their wives. This practice was encouraged by mothers-in-law. Therefore, it has contributed to the spread of domestic violence in the country. The use of alcohol and drunkenness is also a probable cause of domestic violence. Though many women have been victims of domestic violence, there is no openness in saying it in the public (Ribbons, 23). The case of Kim Lee brought to the light the fact that most Chinese Women are persevering in their intimate relationships. Indeed, many women in China are victims of domestic violence. An online discussion prompted by the case of Kim Lee revealed that over forty two percent of women had been victims of this vice (Ribbons, 23). Nevertheless, it was asserted that many things have led to the revelation about domestic violence in China. This has been attributed to increased women economic independence, changed attitudes of men, high incidences of divorce, and increased awareness of domestic violence. These aspects have contributed to the revelation of what is happening in marital relationships. The vice is likely to reduce with increased activism. In addition, the drafting of a national law against domestic violence in China will be essential in red
It is self-evident that better associations have exclusive leaders. So far largely competent leaders are in diminutive availability. The long-established method of learning one’s practical area of expertise then in some way making the changeover n into management, is not a consistent approach for bring into being effectively taught workforce. The majority businesses require a dynamic and purposeful approach to develop the dexterity of administrators, executive s , and managers. They necessitate a LDP, which is Leadership Development Plan. Even if expensive, an LDP is a sensible investment for a convincing motive: perfectly directed organizations apt to fascinate eminent candidates, create contented staff, sustain less surplus returns, produce reliable customers, and capitulate remarkable financial income. To get ready for the business world’s confronts, each manager does sound to devise a profession plan that evidently correlates real accomplishment to his preferred individual and professional accomplishment. For a knowledgeable and well equipped executive, there are many approaches accessible to enlarge the borders of individual and professional success. However, earlier than learning those approaches become accustomed with the tradition of career development The Essential Approaches of Career Development What pursues is a summing up of the generally widespread approaches about career planning and development. The fundamental viewpoint or core of each approach is conferred, and a range of tacti