ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is the process of promoting the interests of followers, by balancing them with those of other stakeholders, to improve and sustain beneficial relationship between them. This perspective of leadership, which is based on the point of view of building relationships, is elucidated by the covenantal model of leadership. This model treats followers’ welfare with utmost respect, and honors the responsibilities of leadership, as expected by the organization. Comprehension: Framework and Background The study framework is not presented very clearly:   * Most of the background information is not linked to the study purpose well.   * It over-relies on the findings of previous studies to orient the study, onto the framework.   * The findings of these studies are used to support several points of the research, but do not point directly to the call for action needed to strengthen the study aim. It does not raise the critical problem, which necessitates correlation to be done for all the three factors.   * The failure to build a concise statement of the research problem, out of the provided theoretical framework, leads to a replication of the findings from a previous study; about the relationship of education levels and self-nurturance. The same study is also referred to when building the case to be studied. The findings of the new study should have built on those of the older one, and not replicate them directly in the final stages of the analysis. In as much as the framework fails to build up a study question or the need for action, it is linked well with the variables that are identified.   * The variables generate data that is useful in quantifying the relationships being studied, and also leads to the findings.   * Substantial reference is made to previous findings, and to some literature on areas of practice being investigated. From an overall outlook, underlying concepts in theory and evidence-based research are presented sparingly well with dissatisfactions where:   * The literature review does not comprehensively help in focusing the direction of the research.   * Most of the concepts that are used to back up the points of research, are supported with the findings of previous research. Comprehension: Research problem, objective and purpose, and Comparison: Objective and Study Design The research problem addresses important issues to do with efficient and proficient practice:   * The welfare of the healthcare giver is of utmost importance to the quality of services that they offer.   * Practitioners who have a greater life and career satisfaction will tend to love their jobs. It is important that they be in good spirits, enough to render services that are above minimal-standards required. On the other hand, the purpose of the study does not narrow the study aim but only specifies the areas that are to be explored. It aligns them to the existing theoretical framework in the practice of nursing, and draws from the findings of previous studies. Comparison: Objective and Study Design The objective of the study
The PICOT question of the proposed study can be phrased as follows: in palliative care patients being treated by an NP, does co-creation better meet the end-of-life needs as compared to current standards? The following theoretical network is suggested for the study. Theoretical Framework For this work, palliative care (PC) is defined after WHO as “an approach to care which improves the quality of life of patients and their families,” and which includes end-of-life (EOL) care (as cited in Coyle, 2015, p. 4). The quality of life (QoL) can be defined as the complex of “physical, social/family, emotional, and functional” well-being of a human (Dyar, Lesperance, Shannon, Sloan, & Colon-Otero, 2012). The key aim of PC is the prevention and relief of the sufferings of the patient and family, and nurse practitioners (NPs) are key figures in achieving this result due to being most often in contact with these people (Kaasalainen et al., 2014). It is well-established that NPs’ actions are capable of improving QoL of the patients (Coyle, 2015; Lukas, Foltz, & Paxton, 2013; Bookbinder et al., 2011; Vahedi Nikbakht-Van de Sande, Braat, Visser, Delnoij, & van Staa, 2014). As for the needs of the patients and their families, that should be addressed by the NP to raise QoL, they are numerous and include physical, practical, informational, spiritual, social, cultural ones along with specific needs for particular cases (Braithwaite et al., 2011; Kramer, 2013). As pointed out, for example, by Braithwaite et al. (2011) or Enguidanos, Housen, Penido, Mejia, and Miller (2013), it is not uncommon for PC and NPs to fail to meet all these needs. PC is being increasingly accepted as a noteworthy approach to healthcare and, as a result, its practice and theory is expanding rapidly (Coyle, 2015). New intervention suggestions appear, and one of them is the Cocreation of Possibilities (CP) Framework that has been developed by Bergdahl, Benzein, Ternestedt, Elmberger, and Andershed (2013). This framework was created as a result of PC NP practice observations; it was determined that NPs tend to use CP intuitively. CP consists of the cooperative determination of the patient’s needs and wishes (goals) that are not related to healthcare directly but can be affected by the disease. The needs are assessed and formulated, analyzed in the context of the patient’s condition, and a possibility of fulfilling them is indicated. The co-creation of a feasible plan of actio
It is hard to make people change their behaviors because they get used to them regardless of the risk those behaviors may be exposing. For example, when one talks to a smoker about quitting the habit, it may take them ages before convincing the smoker to change his or her smoking behavior. However, it is possible to change the behaviors of people through careful analysis of their preferences and needs. One of the things one should do in order to change people’s behaviors is to be close and friendly as much as possible. Then by use of examples, one can explain risks associated with the behavior until it touches the person addressed (Lundy and Janes, 2001, p.34). This might take quite some time but eventually, the objective may be realized. Some people engage in unhealthy behaviors without knowing the risks associated with them, therefore, enough education can make them change. When trying to convince one to quit a certain behavior some aspects cannot work. For example, one should not keep on persisting even after they get ignored because the relationship between the two may be affected. Once the friendship ends, then the person will continue their behavior but with no one trying to have them change. Therefore, in order to change one’s behavior successfully, more listening than talking is essential because the person stuck in the immoral behavior knows exactly how they ended up in the habit. For example, when advising people on losing weight one should try to talk to them to get to details about their eating habits and whether they know how risky those are habits to their lives. The person subjected to help should be given an opportunity to speak out their feelings and suggestions about their habits. Then at a point, the person advising them should intervene with a story prete
Introduction Animal rights activists have for a long time condemned studies on cognition in non-human primates. Research indicating the possibility of conducting cognition tests on rodents has gotten researchers worried over the likely response by activists regarding these developments. Research has established that rats can complete uncomplicated cognitive tasks often understood to be beyond them. Through suitable guidance, rats can signify procedures in their minds by thrusting their noses in dissimilar directions. This advance promises to aid scientists to arrive at the essential cognitive components with unparalleled pace and rigidity. However, scientists may fail to generalize unswervingly from the rodent brain to the human brain, as they are excessively different. Main Body In 2007, a compound called dichloroacetate was discovered to shrink brain tumors in rats. This compound tested in humans seemed relatively safe, with experts arguing that it could hit upon its way into a clinical trial against cancer. However, this failed, as companies were not willing to put money on such an expensive venture. Proposals for the federal government to pay for the clinical trials failed. Europe may finally comprehend its goal of a solitary bazaar for science and technology. This will happen if a plan to crash barriers to information transfer and reforms on rules that hinder high-tech businesses goes through. Conclusion The proponent says the plan will center Europe’s research efforts on a sequence of imposing challenges like climate variation and the elderly populace currently experienced in the continent. In my opinion, tracking down of express societal reimbursement and industrial escalation should avoid undermining basic research. Research is on the accurate trail and should provide an avenue for uncovering new findings.
Introduction The term empire was coined from the Greek word, imperuim, which is used to refer to political power or authority (Alessio, 2010). Therefore, the word empire is a term that is used to define a geographic expansive state that comprises of a number of different states and individuals from different cultures and backgrounds that are united and ruled by one common leader. In most cases, a monarch (a royal family where leadership is passed on from one generation to the next within the family), an emperor or an oligarchy rules an empire. All through history, numerous cases have been reported with regards to the establishment of empires. The Holy Roman Empire is perhaps one of the earliest empires that were established in time. This empire was in existence from the 8 th century up to the 19 th century (Alessio, 2010). However, the empire collapsed during the renaissance period. The Spanish Empire is also another good example of a strong empire that existed in history. This empire existed during the 16 th century. The British Empire is also another classical example. This empire comprised of dominions, colonies and mandates that fell under the jurisdiction and authority of the British government. It was established during the 16 th century and exists up to the present moment. It is regarded as the largest and strongest empire in history. During the first quarter of the 21 st century, the Empire was believed to have had authority to over 450 million people in the globe (Al
Observing the price of gas over the last couple of years, many Americans are now crying for help from the federal government. It is expected that by summer gas will be around $4 a gallon. Currently in the city of Columbus, the average cost of gallon of gas is approximately $3.45 while a barrel of oil is over $100 a barrel. That is only a $.55 difference as estimated by summer of 2011. One may ask what steps could be taken by Congress, Senate, or the President to reduce the inflammation in gas prices. With gas prices at an all-time high and steadily rising, many Americans are being forced to sell, trade, or buy a smaller vehicle. Many individuals will need to sell their current vehicle just to be able to afford gas for it. With gas currently at $3.45 a gallon, it’s no wonder many people are using public transportation, car-pooling to jobs, and riding bicycles to work. A person who has a family to support, making fairly decent money, and owns a truck or a vehicle with a large tank will soon have to make changes as to their way of commuting daily. Everyone is being affected by the rising cost of gas. Many suggestions have been brought to the Congress, Senate, and President for help. Although many people are crying out for help, the actions from the federal government have been limited or unseen. Many suggestions have been offered to the President in regards of what he can do to reduce the price of gas. A research by Mark Clayton reveals that the President proposed to cut back or stop the spending of oil. It was also proposed to the government to end the Big Oil’s tax break. A tax break may not necessary be the answer to lowering the gas price, altogether if a tax break is implemented; at some point the American people will have to deal with an increases in their taxes. Inflation has been on the rise with some commodities increasing their prices by over fifty percent. Economists have argued that the energy policies in place have resulted in the high prices in gasoline. They have also described the need for the US to put more effort in offshore drilling of oil, instead of fighting to control the oil in the Middle
Introduction: On the Artificial Intelligence, in Theory and Practice Because of the growing impact of science on various spheres of people’s lives, it has become vitally important for people to trace scientific discoveries and the changes which they trigger. However it is not always that people take the newly introduced invention as something that is going to change the society for better. On the other hand, it takes huge time to understand the value and the importance of the given invention. Artificial intelligence, or robots, one of the most scandalous and brilliant inventions of the XX century, causing people’s concern for the world safety, has become one of the leading branches of the modern science, which troubles the mankind at present. Petrified by the idea that artificial intelligence can be used in the military sphere against the mankind, people take the ideas of robots development rather reluctantly. Yet it must be admitted that the spheres of use where robots can be of great help for professionals is not limited by the army and war. With help of the new technologies, millions of lives can be saved. Yet it is doubtless that artificial intelligence is a double-sided sword. Global Impact of Robot Engineering in the World Since the artificial intelligence engineering is designed to help people in such spheres as medicine and science, the global impact of the issue cannot be doubted. It is evident that robot engineering will gradually lead the mankind to the spheres of the highest development level and will slowly guide people to a stunning technological success. Taking into consideration the stunning possibilities which robot engineering opens in front of people, it is evident that this branch of technologies has a brilliant future. One of the probable spheres of applying the new methods to practice is medicine. With help of the new technologies people will be able to hold the operations which used to be absolutely impossible and cope with the problems which used to be absolutely out of reach for the most experienced doctors. Another prospective area of using the new technologies is the computer programming. Taking into account that the artificial intelligence, when programmed well, does not make mistakes which a man is so apt to, the impact of the new technologies becomes even greater. It is also important to note that the robotic technologies can be used as a defensive means for the people of certain country. Maintaining constant control of the area, robots can provide the population with much greater level of safety than any army if squad. With help of their main feature, the disability of making a mistake, robots can help people feel more secure and at the same time increase the military authority of a given country, which is also of great economical and political benefit or the state and its population. Serving as a “firewall for society” (Lin), robots will be able to help people evade the dramatic consequences of the enemies’ attack and will provide people with the security which they need so much. Thus, it can be con
The documentary about the History of Abu Dhabi put a great emphasis on the role Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan played in the establishment and the development of the United Arab Emirates. When the narrator stated that Zayed was born in old Arabia and would die in the new, he was right. When Zayed was born, there was no United Arab Emirates; instead, there was the Trucial States. When he was first appointed the governor of Abu Dhabi’s Eastern Region, that area was very poor and struggled with the outbreaks of diseases. However, Zayed managed to support and develop this region as well as contribute to a long period of stability under his rule (Embassy of the United Arab Emirates). Learning more about whom Zayed was and what he managed to accomplish in life gives a better understanding of why the narrator called him “the richest man in the world” and the “undisputed boss” (“Documentary About the History of Abu Dhabi UAE”). It is evident that Zayed was very rich because of the country’s wealth; however, he can also be called rich because of the good-natured spirit, the desire to help others, as well as the goal of building a thriving country that will become the center of the global economy. Furthermore, Zayed had always been dedicated to his desert roots, despite building the most modernized and wealthy cities (Joffe). He showed devotion to his religion and dedication to his family, while still managing to balance between his dreams of creating a prosperous nation and being a good leader for his people as the “men’s man” (“Documentary About the History of Abu Dhabi UAE”). He really was the undisputed boss who attracted many followers with his good nature when ruling the country according to strict but fair laws. Lessons Learned from the Documentary The documentary taught me a lot about how the United Arab Emirates became what they are today. Tremendous progress was shown in the course of the film. For example, when in the 40s and 50s the tribes had no idea about what wages were, it was shown that as the country started getting richer in the 60’s, the workers began protesting about their rights. This shows how rapidly the country developed; people that had previously been living in tribes were not prepared for such quick changes. In some way, the documentary presented the true birth of a powerful and wealthy nation and stressed the importance of roots, culture, and heritage. As Sheikh Zayed became the president of the new country of the United Arab Emirates, the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company was created (Morton), signifying a st
Robin Sheriff’s book Dreaming Equality can give readers deep insights into the problem of interracial relations in the contemporary Brazil. The first two chapters of this work are aimed at describing the experiences of people living in favelas or shanty towns. These examples that the author provides can tell much about the challenges faced by the residents of these settlements. The main strength of this book is that the author relies not only on the statistical data, but also on the interviews given by people living in favelas. This approach makes his arguments more informative and convincing. This is why this source is worth reading. According to Peter Sheriff, Brazilian academicians avoid mentioning that nearly 75 percent of people living in slums are non-white (Sheriff 18). Furthermore, one can speak about the existence of residential as well racial segregation. The ancestors of these people were enslaved and brought to the colonies (Sheriff 18). To a great extent, this economic inequality can be regarded as a legacy of slavery in Brazil. It seems that such a trend can be observed in other countries in which slave labor was extensively used, for example, one mention the so-called inner cities in the United States. Certainly, Peter Sheriff’s arguments cannot be generalized, but he is able to show that modern societies are still affected by the discourse of race. For instance, one can mention that some governmental officials in Brazil have a rather biased attitude toward the residents of favelas. Very often, they believe that they are rude and uncultured (Sheriff 19). Certainly, I am not directly familiar with this form of discrimination, but it seems that it is widespread in modern communities. Another aspect of this reading is that Peter Sheriff tries to give voice to favela residents. Judging from their responses, in Brazil the language of race is still vital for describing the identity of a person (Sheriff 39). Moreover, there is a distinct correlation between the race of an individual and his/her socio-economic status in the community. Furthermore, one should remember that in the public opinion, the word negro is often associated with ugliness, marginality, and darkness (Sheriff 39). In my opinion, by focusing on people’s experience, Robin Sheriff is able to throw a new light on the challenges that they encounter. Nevertheless, the author’s discussion leaves many questions unanswered. Certainly, it is vital to know how people perceive race. However, one still has to determine ways of overcoming the legacies of slavery in Brazil. This issue is particularly relevant to the residents of favelas who struggle with poverty and crime. This is the main limitation of the writer’s analysis. However, one can argue tha
Introduction In recent discussions on dependency versus independence, it is obvious that many people do not really understand what this is all about. Dependency can be viewed as a phenomenon that is associated with a state of being in need. Development theorists view dependency as a discipline in social science, arguing that resources flow from what they call the “periphery” or impoverished and underdeveloped countries and states to a center usually referred to as a “core,” which is composed of wealthy states (Newshool, 2009). These wealthy states get rich as a result of resources exploited from the periphery or from the way in which the underdeveloped states are integrated into the world economy. In the case of independence, the states are entirely autonomous hence considered self-reliant. Does one need to be entirely autonomous so as to be considered self-reliant? This question needs to be looked at critically in keeping in mind that independence and dependency exist in the world today. Theoretical Framework To relate these two aspects to each other, we can put the two variables in two perspectives. First, think of an individual who is dependent and is completely reliant on another member of society. For example, young children are completely dependent on their parents and other members of the family. This is a complete dependency. On the other side of the spectrum, an individual can be completely independent. The independent individual may be isolated completely from the rest of society. If I were to be asked, I would say I am not in a position to tell whether such an individual exists. This will be described as completely autonomous, and there will be no form of contact with other people. A myriad of choices exists for all of us. At the two extreme ends, people will view the concepts differently. Humans are Social Beings Are these two variables healthy for society? This has been a controversial issue in society today. On the one hand, some argue that complete dependency is obviously unhealthy. Human beings are considered social creatures, and we exist in this world with the help of others (Ajagi, 2010). They also continue to argue that an uncontrolled independent member will become isolated in the sense that they will use the independence factor as an excuse to hide from the rest of the world. It is against this backdrop that the author is going to discuss the issue of dependency vs. independence and how this will be affected if medical aid was cut. To this end, the author is going to focus on various issues. Medical Aid Crisis Withdrawal of financial aid is