ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The low-calorie frozen, microwavable food industry is a highly competitive market, and planning the expansion strategy is one of the appropriate solutions due to the prosperity of the industry. The case company is one of the significant players, but, now, it experiences the shift in costs of the ingredients required for production. Consequently, the primary goal of the paper is to propose appropriate long-term budgeting decisions to enhance the firm’s financial stability in the recent future. In this case, these actions aim at the enhancement of cost-effectiveness and productivity while minimizing internal and external risks (Guigan, Moyer, & Harris, 2014). Designing a plan to respond to the rising prices among competitors, assessing the governmental policies and their impact on manufacturing, and evaluating the need for additional governmental policies to assure fairness and difficulties related to the expansion with the assistance of the capital markets are the objectives of this research. Lastly, the selected company must find appropriate ways to shape convergence between managers and stockholders. A Plan to Respond to the Price Fluctuations As it was mentioned earlier, the microwavable food industry is associated with intensive rivalry. In this case, the price fluctuations are defined by changes in the slope of supply and demand curves (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). When analyzing the demand elasticity, it was revealed that demand for the frozen and microwavable food products tend to be elastic with the price elasticity of -1.19. Consequently, a 1% upward or downward shift in price will be a primary reason for the decrease or increase in demand by 1.19% respectively. In this case, any changes in pricing proposed by the rivalry firms will alter the demand dramatically, as any increase in pricing will hurt the company’s revenue (Guigan et al., 2014). Based on the factors provided above, it could be said that the firm has to focus on making the consumers less elastic to the price change. One of the first stages is to pay attention to the changes in prices of the raw materials, as the rise in production costs is one of the attributes of the price shift (Houchbaum & Wagner, 2015). In this case, defining quantity and pricing in contracts assists in minimizing risks and price fluctuations for th
Software Functions IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) is a simple and incorporated computer program used to analyze and interpret data. It is used by researchers, analysts, and business people because it has analytical and statistical abilities. The software has various features such as planning, reporting, data preparation, analyzing, and implementation. In addition, SPSS provides a supple use of options for standalone business applications. It is important to note that IBM has created different versions namely SPSS 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 14.0 and 16.0. Field (2000) points out that SPSS software is compatible with other programs like Excel 2007, making it very easy to convert data in Excel to an SPSS data file. It is also easy to save SPSS data files to Excel spreadsheets directly. It is also possible to open an Access database using advanced SPSS programs. It is also possible to customize the variable attribute that needs to be displayed in SPSS files. Instructions for Use IBM SPSS is one of the statistical packages used for analyzing and interpreting data. SPSS is, by far, the most common software used by psychologists. The help section is very important for anyone new to SPSS. The help section of SPSS has basic data analysis menus and dialog boxes which are very easy to use without actually learning SPSS. The dialog and menu boxes are useful because they provide options for every step taken during data analysis. The help section provides interpretation and questions that help psychologists have a better understanding and interpret results. Therefore, SPSS helps in estimating the variance and mean of the underlying population. In the help section, there are directions on how to use the three main windows and the menu bar at the top; it allows the user to view data, see the output and be able to see any other programming item which has been used. Therefore, it is important to note that psychology is a science and just like any other discipline, it requires extensive research. Psychologist gets their information through systematic observation on a particular subject matter (mostly human beings). Habing (2003) argues that human beings are very difficult to analyze because they vary over a given time. The work of the psychologist is difficult and for them to determine how human beings react to a particular situation, then psychologist needs to use statistical software to predict what trends are present in the data they have on an individual or a populat
Introduction It is morally permissible to kill one innocent person to save the lives of more innocent people. Killing an innocent person is an immoral act in itself, and it means nothing whether it has some noble purpose or not. For this reason, it is impossible to compare the life of one innocent person to the lives of other innocent people. Life is a God-given gift, and it is equally valued whether it is the life of one person or more than one. Thus, it is evident that the argument concerning the appropriateness of killing one innocent person in order to save the lives of other people is irrelevant. Main body Let us consider a particular example of the situation that might happen. It may occur that some crazy man will enter our classroom, and will say to the teacher that if he chooses one of the students to be shot the rest of the students will stay alive. In this situation, how may the teacher take this heavy responsibility, and choose the person who will die? Whoever of students deserves such a lot in his or her life? The result of this situation is expectable as no matter who of the students is sent to death by the teacher this decision will be neither just nor moral. This simple illustration helps see that making decisions concerning the life of an innocent person is utterly immoral. More than this, when this kind of question is raised it is very important to understand the details of the situation. Making conclusions of whether something is right or wrong is impossible without learning all the circumstances of the case. Whoever decides whether this or that person is innocent? How to evaluate this person’s way of thinking if there are no details provided about the situation which require a decision? One more important point in this matter is whoever knows whether killing this innocent person will appear to be a successful decision for saving the lives of other people. What if this plan of action is wrong, and killing the person will not change anything at all? Then, this murder will appear to be even more pointless and immoral. Again, making any kind of decision concerning saving the lives of some people, and taking lives of the other people (even if it is one person) requires knowing all the tiniest details of the situation. Besides, the majority of people would never agree on someone’s death even if this death is important for their life. No one wants to be a reason for the death of the other person. It is very difficult to live with the thought that the other person died offering you a chance to live. In addition, whoever knows maybe the person chosen to die could be of great value to the humanity in future. It may happen that this person is skilled in science, and is gifted from above to produce the cure for AIDS, cancer, or another mortal disease. Conclusion All in all, taking away the life of an innocent person is an immoral a
Chechens are the ethnic minority subordinated to Russia for the last two hundred years. After the fall of the Soviet Union, a movement for independence was launched by the Chechen separatists who aimed to gain independence for their country. As a result, two wars between Chechens and Russia were started and many acts of terrorism were committed in the territory of Russia. The two countries are involved into the movement: Chechen Republic and Russia. Though, it is considered that there is a single separatist movement, there is a number of separatists groups formed by local and outside militants, these are “a loosely organized group with semi-independent commanders” (Bhattacharji n. p.). The movement is spread all over the country. However, separate organizations are located in Dagestan and in the North Caucasus regions of the country. Many minor organizations are located in the adjoining sections in the Caucasus like Kabardino-Balkaria (Bhattacharji n. p.). Permanent rebels and terrorist attacks occur North Ossetia and Ingushetia. 1990s – The formation of the Russian Federation Republic of Chechnya and beginning of the independence movement. 1994 – 1996 – First Chechen War and winning of the de-facto independence from Russia. 1999 – Chechen militants invaded the Republic of Dagestan in order to help local separatists. 2000 – Russian army stated its control in the Chechen capital, Grozny and established the Russian control over Chechnya. October 2002 – The terrorist attack the theater in Moscow demanding to call off the Russian troops from the Chechnya. 2006 – The death of the separatist leader Shamil Basayev. April 2009 – Russia seized the counter-terrorism operation while calling off a major part of the army. August 2009 – The rebel of the separatist government under the leadership of Akhmed Zakayev against Chechen police. A major demand of Chechen separatist is to establish the independence of Chechnya and in so-called Muslim region. In order to attain the independence, the separatist groups take radical measures which often result in terroristic attacks in Russia and Chechnya. Among the most famous attack are the bombing of the apartment building in Moscow in August 1999, seizure of Moscow’s Dubrovka Theater in October 2002 and attack in Ingushetia in October 2005 when more than one hundred people were killed (Bhattacharji n. p.) The separatist organizations constantly claim that they are responsible for these attacks and are not going to step back. These days, the Chechen conflict is still one of the urgent questions of the international security. Apart from the constant terrorist movements and attack in Russia, some scholars assume that these separatist organizations are related to such terrorist movements as Al Qaeda: Foreign fighters can be described as “individual Muslims who make a conscious decision to join a grouping that is fighting occupation and/or aspiring for self-governance that denies their current national identity” (Freni n. p.). However, the prime goal of
Introduction A quality guru can be described as an individual among all these. Quality gurus develop concepts and diverse approaches to quality within an organization that has a significant impact. Taguchi and Shigeo are the commonly known quality gurus. The success of the Japanese gurus can be attributed to the message that was delivered by American gurus back in 1950s. They developed quality management models in response to the American guru’s message (Jackson, 2001, p. 24). Robust Design and quality loss function similarities to Six Sigma Concept Robust design Cost reduction Dr. Genichi concept emphasized on the product design during the authentic manufacturing process. The idea of cost reduction during the manufacturing process was used in development of the six sigma model. Taghuchi provided the prerequisite idea on how to improve the quality of products as well as to reduce certain production costs. This provided a plat form for the development of the six sigma model that used the same approach on product development (Drake, Sutterfield & Nqassam, 2008, p.35). Value improvement Six sigma approach aims at managing the value of the final products. Robust design approach is similar to the six sigma model on the fact that both methods aim at reducing the time of production. The two methods emphasized on reduction of interval in production of products by considering the critical steps during the manufacturing process. Since the robust design approach was the first in developing this price, it provided support to the six sigma model (Drake, Sutterfield & Nqassam, 2008, p.38). Customer Satisfaction Both methods focus on customer satisfaction as a vital success factor for an organization’s products. These methods approach customer satisfaction in a similar manner that involves quality improvement and cost reduction. These approaches consider customer satisfaction as a fundamental factor that should be valued during the manufacturing process (Drake, Sutterfield & Nqassam, 2008, p.39). Quality loss function Taguchi’s concept of quality supports the six sigma model in determination of quality costs. These approaches provide that understanding the costs of material in puts will enable one to determine the potential loss of the outputs. This concept facilitated the development of the six sigma model. The model enables manufacturers to calculate the loss of a given quantity of inputs. Taguchi’s quality loss function idea focused on statistical approach towards reduction of losses. This ideology was also used in six sigma model approach to diminution of wastes (Drake, Sutterfield & Nqassam, 2008, p.35). Japanese Quality Gurus Were Inspired By the Preaching of American Quality Gurus Japanese gurus were profoundly inspired by the visiting American guru’s. During the early 1950s, well known American quality gurus visited Japan. Being a developed country, American gurus had the knowledge on how Japan could improve their manufacturing processes (Jackson, 2001, p. 24). Edwards Deming One of the visiting American gurus was Edwards Deming who inspired the Japanese gurus by emphasizing on the importance of quality management. During the
Marvel’s Black Panther is a critically acclaimed superhero blockbuster full of powerful performance, action, stunning costumes and videography, as well as the enticing look at leadership in the character of T’Challa (Black Panther) as the newly-introduced ruler of Wakanda. The protagonist has recently experienced the death of his father and had to take over the kingdom as the legitimate heir, even though he initially was not too keen on becoming the leader. However, over time, T’Challa shows himself as an influential leader that faces challenges head-on when protecting Wakanda and inspiring his people. The power that Wakanda had was something that Black Panther tried to preserve throughout his legacy as his father’s heir. The kingdom remained hidden because in the ‘real’ world, whenever a country has something valuable, it tends to draw immense and often unneeded interest, which can result in a conflict (Wallace, 2018). Early on, the leaders of the land saw that if the outsiders knew that they had vibranium, the armed battle would be inevitable. Thus, the way in which T’Challa’s leadership is formed is reflected in the needs and expectations of his followers. Historically, the kingdom of Wakanda has always been enigmatic and isolated from the rest of the world, even though it had a lot to offer, specifically in terms of technological advancement. Its people have feared outsiders and the negative influences they could pose to their society; therefore, T’Challa adheres to this idea in his policies supporting the isolationist stance. However, as the story develops, Black Panther realizes his duty as a leader to establish relationships with other societies to become prosperous and reach peace. Achieving this goal was possible by opening Wakanda’s veil of secrecy and revealing the brilliant advancements of the kingdom to the world. While this is not something that T’Challa managed to do flawlessly, by the movie’s end, the audience can see how far the protagonist has come when implementing his outreach policy. This progress defines Black Panther’s specific arc of leadership and the way in which he changed personal opinions and perceptions in favor of the decisions that would benefit his kingdom and its people. When experiencing the hurdles of leadership, T’Challa learns that a wise leader “builds bridges while the foolish builds barriers” (Coogler & Cole, 2020). Building bridges is a qualifier of a transformational leader who is often challenged with reviewing and assessing people, plans, and policies in order to make well-informed decisions. Besides, building bridges entails close collaborations with potential allies who can bring positive contributions and weeding out those who can hinder the set goals. For Black Panther, negotiating collaboration with Lord M’Baku and his Jabari Tribe, who initially refused to help Wakanda, meant overcoming not only the fears of outsider danger but also recovering lost connections through hard work and negotiation. M’Baku is blunt in his opposition toward Wakanda and does not want to “give Jabari lives toward
The action of obtaining a house or apartment carries connotations of permanence, not only due to the act of sinking wealth into a non-liquid asset but also due to further future expectations of settling down. Renting allows for more mobility, but real estate property offers a more substantial living space while at the same time proving to be a considerable hurdle in responsibility and price. Overcoming the posed obstacles, purchasing a home can be more beneficial than renting, especially considering cost, comfort, and buyer confidence. Possession of a house grants an individual almost full autonomy, allowing him/her to make decisions in his/her own home, which would be impossible in a rented space. The confidence that owning property provides is complemented by numerous other favorable circumstances such as neighborhood attractiveness and convenient proximity to nearby utilities like schools, parks, as well as closeness to friends and family. To speak of financial benefits, a study conducted by Goodman and Mayer shows that “owning a home appears to be generally financially advantageous relative to renting, regardless of whether a homebuyer itemizes deductions” (47). While renting is more worthwhile for a short period, for instance, to get used to prices in a respective area, long-term ownership provides the most profit and benefits. Counterarguments to this may be individual prospects, as those transiting through areas in search of work may not need the stability and constraint that homeownership provides. Renting remains more accessible, allowing for heightened maneuverability and reduced responsibility, for example, regarding house repairs, but depriving tenants of acquiring any possible equity. The dependence on proprietors also leaves tenants at a disadvantage with little guarantees to individual honesty and goodwill, despite regulating contracts. All the same, home prices remain a hindrance, with children of high-economic backgrounds requiring familial assistance with purchasing houses, while those from low-income families remain unable to engage in the market (Druta and Ronald 789). However, government-sponsored homeownership programs and benefits create a possibility to modify these unfavorable conditions to suit individual needs with less emphasis on price. Not only prompt residence but also simple possession can provide the consumer with a sense of security and satisfaction since even an empty house is not always a misuse of funds. Purchased homes present traveling families with the opportunity of a fallback plan in the event of an emergency or failure to secure a position in a new area. A paper by Du et al. states that “the decision for homeownership represents a balance between housing and non-housing expenditures that maximizes the utility of the individual or household” (99). From district attractiveness and possible property value growth to the probability of leasing out for an appropriate price, everything can be presented as a benefit. Renting out a purchased house
Mike Tyson is one of the legends of the sports world who has made glorious and notorious things inside and outside the ring. The film in question entitled Tyson dwells upon the famous heavyweight boxer. The filmmakers tell a story of the athlete from his childhood till the infamous trial and his conviction ( Tyson ). Apart from providing certain biographic information, the filmmakers attempt to unveil the emotional and psychological aspects of the matter. The boxer is depicted as a troubled youth trying to become happy while being exposed to a vicious environment. It is necessary to note that the film was released when Tyson was released from prison after serving half of his term. The movie was a good background and publicity for the boxer’s comeback. However, the additional publicity was hardly needed as everyone anticipated new fights and new victories of the “Iron” Mike (“Throwback: Mike Tyson KOs Peter McNeeley” par. 3). Boxing fans still regarded Tyson as one of the best athletes in the world who was more of a legend rather than a boxer. Tyson was often put in line with such figures as Muhammad Ali and even Nelson Mandela (Fernandez par. 40). The day he left his prison cell was a big day for thousands of boxing fans who hoped that the great boxer would continue his glorious career. The movie is quite true to real life as it highlights true events from the boxer’s life. Thus, Iron Mike himself repeatedly said that he had a very difficult and troubled childhood. He was a member of a gang and behaved accordingly (Tyson 12). The first scenes of the movie reveal the hardships of the future boxer’s childhood. The scene also serves as a background (and, at the same time, the frame) for the entire story. The childhood with the lack of love and understanding as well as support made Tyson believe that hatred is what makes up the American society (Chia par. 3). This idea is rather recurrent in the film. Mike has to face other people’s misunderstanding and sometimes hatred, which makes him remain alert and distant all the time. As has been mentioned above, the movie unveils an emotional part of the boxer’s life. It is mainly accomplished through the focus on Tyson’s relationships with such people as Cus D’Amato and his wife, Jimmy Jacobs, and Bill Cayton. These people were close to the future champion and made a lot to help him become the boxing idol (McNeil 34). Notably, the relationships with Tyson’s wife are also depicted. It is clear that the boxer tried to be a good person, but his temper, as well as his past, haunted him. The filmmakers try to explain the nature of the relationships between Tyson and his close ones. The media concentrated on the scandal while the movie could be regarded as an attempt to show the individual traits of the man who lived his life the way he could. The film features the boxer’s major wins as well as one of his defeats. The fight with Buster Douglas that took place in 1990 was one of the life-changing events in Tyson’s life (McNeil 230). Tyson’s defeat was a result of numerous factors, including some personal losses and the inability to control his darker