ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Aircraft have been part of our lives for a very long time. Although we might not be dealing with aircraft on a daily basis, most of us, at some point in our life, will use an aircraft to travel from one destination to another. The purpose of this report is to explore aircraft instrumentation and system. This report gives us an insight into some of the basic flight instruments in an aircraft, also known as the “six-pack” and their operating principles. The report further goes on to discuss navigation systems such as the Instrument Landing System (ILS). Introduction Aircraft have various navigation instruments depending on their categories. These instruments range from the fundamental instruments to highly developed and complex systems of contemporary airlines and fighter jets (Department of Aerospace Engineering, 2004, p. 2). The last decades have seen an increase in the number of aircraft instruments and systems. The initial experimental aircraft had no instruments. As a matter of fact, a magnetic compass was one of the first instruments to be introduced. When air travel became more than mere experimentation, a few engine indicators were introduced. They were followed by the altimeter, speed indicators, and, soon after, aircraft systems meant to help the pilots during the long journey were introduced (Department of Aerospace Engineering, 2004, p. 3). Many airline passengers often wonder how the aircraft flies and what it uses to determine the altitude and direction. This forms the basis of this report. The report will explore the instrumentation used in aircraft and flight instruments. Many basic flight instruments will be discussed, for instance, the airspeed indicator and magnetic compass. In addition, some vital concepts, for example, the pitot-static system and the vacuum gyro system, will also be explored. The report will also cover more complex systems such as the instrument landing system and the auto-pilot system, among others. Through these discussions, hopefully, we will be able to understand the significance of the instruments and systems in the aircraft and the entire aviation industry. Flight Instruments Nearly all the aircraft instruments are assembled in the cabin panels. They are visible and plausibly set. Differentiating aircraft instruments from avionic systems is somehow not easy because most of them are usually linked to one another. Based on the conventional definitions, the most common flight instruments include magnetic compass, altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, gyroscopes (altitude gyro, turn rate gyro, directional gyro), and turn coordinator (Federal Aviation Administration, n.d., p. 1). These instruments provide crucial information to the crew members, which include aircraft’s speed and altitude. The crew members must be able to understand and identify any fault linked to these instruments. Generally, instruments are use
The fact that racism was an integral part of the U.S. history is undeniable. However, little concerns are represented in regard to the role of Asian immigrants arriving to the New World. In the context of narrative history of Oriental minority groups inhabiting the United States, an acknowledged historian Ronald Takaki introduces a unique perspective on the Asian American history. In particular, the scholar asserts that racism has become the major factor determining the diverse experiences in the U.S. history. More importantly, he reconsiders the influence of capitalism on attitude to Asian immigrants in 20s and 30s of the past century. During this period, planters developed cultural diverse mechanisms of controlling the flow of labor power. Representing Chinese workers are tool for advancing capitalism, they strive to create the competition and encourage indigenous population to accept the working
Abstract Critical thinking provides an opportunity for an individual to adopt a more rational approach to life. It identifies the strengths, limitations, opportunities, and threats likely to be faced by the individual in his personal or career life hence playing a big role to help him achieve his dreams. Unlike other methods that tend to find a way of avoiding such limitations and threats, critical thinking empowers a person to face the challenges hence learning from the experience. The importance of critical thinking can therefore not be disparaged. Critical thinking is crucial when it comes to the determination and fixing of personal goals, missions, and leadership statements. This is because it consists of a detailed guideline that takes into consideration all the factors in the environment that may influence the goals, missions, and leadership statements. With such a consideration, a person is assured of making realistic plans that go hand in hand with his or her advantages as well as disadvantages. This paper will discuss my critical thinking capability, my personal role model, a successful problem-solving method, and the leadership role, and finally my personal mission statement. Me as a Critical Thinker My post-test results are higher compared to the pre-test ones in the critical thinking questionnaire. This is because I have made a number of improvements. First, I have moved away from my earlier dogmatic views and stances and now view things from a different perspective. I have learned to be open-minded and to consider other people’s ideas before advocating for my own. I have also realized that although I am often right, it is necessary for me to review my position whenever am wrong. My Personal Role Model/Leader My personal role model is my father, Vester. Vester is the most inspiring and desirable man
Introduction Background of Study The purpose of this research paper is to discuss Enron case and ethical dilemmas related with business, such as, rise and collapse of Enron, the unethical practices of its executives, audit failure, moral obligation of the leaders and fraudulent operation. At the same time, this research paper also focuses on the ethical dilemmas of other companies like Tyco, WorldCom, Kelong, ImClone, Global Crossing, and so on; however, these companies have made disastrous financial associations, but ethical matters are not limited to commercial organizations either. Company Overview The largest energy, services, and communications corporation “Enron” established in 1885 in the US from the merger of Houston Natural Gas with InterNorth and it had more than 20,000 employees; however, this company was familiar as the most innovative company of the US and international market (Moncarz et al. 19; Tesfatsion 5, and Johnson 8). Enron offered different products and services, such as online marketplace services, Broadband services, energy and commodities services (electricity, biofuel and natural gas wholesaling), capital and risk management services, project development and management services, energy transportation and upstream services; however, the CEO liked to start new services, such as, it developed and operated power plants and moved the water sector. As a result, this company had to maintain complicated organizational structure as a highly diversified company and it was the seventh largest company in the US in 2007; in addition, Enron structured into seven distinct business units, which initially controlled by Kenneth Lay, CFO Andrew Fastow, newly hired consultant Jeff Skilling and other board members (Johnson 2). On the other hand, Moncarz et al. (21), Tesfatsion (5) and Johnson (2) stated that Enron had accused for many unethical practices, such as, this company
The SWOT analysis presented below shows the assessment of what affects Citiville Arts (“SWOT analysis”). As for the unknowns that should have been included, but the case study lacks information on the topic, they are the specific preferences of the Citiville community in terms of art-related programs. Although there are manufacturing facilities and a corporation, the number of people employees there is 400, out of 15,000 from Cityville. The median household income is lower the that state’s average. Hence, Cityville may struggle with attracting clients for its programs. On the other hand, the case study states that upper-class management and employees in this city complain of not having sufficient facilities that would suit their needs. Hence, an opportunity for establishing programs that target the upper-class segment exists for Cityville, especially considering that the company has $200,000 of savings for emergencies and investments that can be used to develop a new program. Strengths                                                                              Weaknesses                                                                              * Cityville has a building and a parking lot                                           * Located far from the metropolitan area                                              * Holds classes and entertainment programs                                             * The community lacks amenities desired by the upper-class employee’s desire          * Citivile’s budget is balanced, with $200,000 attributed to savings or investments    * The majority of the staff is hired on a per-program basis                           * Respected in the community                                                                                                                                               Opportunities                                                                          Threats                                                                                 * The city does not have many other art facilities                                     * More people are living in poverty in Cityville when compared to other communities   * Cooperation with Community Partners                                                  * A large number of citizens over the age of 65                                       * Establish an upper-class program                                                                                                                                          Work Cited “SWOT analysis.” MindTools , Web.
Introduction Language for Specific Purposes (herein referred to as LSP) can be conceptualised as one of the major branches of applied linguistics (Hyland, 2002). To this end, this sub- branch of applied linguistics has been used as a reference to two major realms in the field. The first area focuses on “…….the needs in education and training” (Douglas, 2001: p. 5). This means that LSP is used to bridge the gap between the need to learn and language barrier. This is where for example a management trainee from China who is not fluent in spoken and written English is taught the language to help him communicate with clients from English speaking countries. When the trainee is learning English, the focus is mainly on how to enable him communicate with the clients using business language rather than in learning English language for the sake of it. The second area of LSP is the one focusing on research and studies on language variation within a given field (Hyland, 2002). This second area of focus is mainly addressed by scholars who conduct studies on various attributes of LSP. This is for example the studies touching on how English as a LSP defers from other languages such as Arabic and Spanish which are also taught for specific purposes. Language for specific purposes has been used to teach second and foreign languages focusing on the “……………(very) immediate and very specific (needs) of learners” (Douglas, 2001: p. 34) who are learning the second or foreign language as a requirement in their education, training or profession. Needs analysis is one of the major factors that influence language for specific purposes’ programs in schools and other learning institutions. To this end, the needs of the learner are assessed and the LSP designed to address those specific needs. For example, the specific needs of a customer care representative who is not a native Spanish speaker but who is dealing with Spanish speaking customers may be to effectively communicate with the customers. Major changes or developments have taken place within the field of LSP since the 1980s. The changes in LSP have been as a response or an adaptation to the corresponding changes in the needs of second or second language learners. This is the background against which the current study is conducted. This au
Local government is the government administration in the small offices usually in different localities. It has some effects on everyone’s life as it covers a wide range of departments in the country. This includes improving the level of education in local areas, taking control of social services, maintaining cleanliness in the estates and roads (Kemp, 220). Over a long duration the local government has always been trying to offer quality services to the public. The leaders in the local government are all elected by the residents of that locality. These are the people who are concentrated in one area. The political desires of the community are put across through the elections whereby the public is allowed to put up their agenda for their locality. The higher the voters turn up, the greater the fair authority of the elected leaders. Moreover, the stronger the claim the public may put forward for actions (Saffell, 250). However, it has been noted that despite all factors local elections attracts small voter turnouts. This problem occurs in many localities whereby the turnout is sometimes less than a half of the whole population. This problem of small voter turnout, study done has proved that it’s mainly affected by the social, economic and political affiliation within a locality. Well up neighborhoods are noted to register a higher voter turnout than the disadvantaged ones. Stiff competition among the contesting parties, creates uncertainty of the final results and finally higher voter turnout is expected. In most local areas, there is only one party which is dominant and this leads to a small voter turn out (Kemp, 112).There are some evidences to proof that an area with a higher voter population, the lower the voter turnout. Some people in the local areas tend to ignore the election; especially democracy was not applied in the previous period. Some leaders tend to forget the needs of the public. The action of the leaders should be a good tool for motivating the public to get involved in the next elections. The rule of compulsory voting should be put forward for every citizen to follow (Saffell, 125). This should be followed by some enforcement like fines, imprisonment or precise explanation. This rule of small turnout of voter has some exceptions in the localities where the participation of the elections is compulsory to every citizen. In the country, during the elections period voters are subject to mobilization. The key players in this part are the parties contesting, the contestants themselves, and the groups with special interests whereby they use resources to mobilize the, citizens. For any one to be a voter during the day of elections, he/she must register in advance before the day of the elections. Citizens are highly motivated to register before, through provision of the registering personnel almost in every part of the nation. The registration takes place for a long duration to ensure every citizen was able to register. The candidates are given a free website through which they can info
Introduction The construction industry faces enormous challenges from the proper selection of building sites, to the identification of qualified engineers to work on sensitive structures (Milberg and Tommelein 120). Building grounds differ in their capabilities to support structures in the designed building form and the desired structure firmness. As the construction techniques continue to evolve with the increasing construction technology, constructors and engineers have formulated means of dealing with complex construction sites such as the waterlogged areas (Milberg and Tommelein 121). Central to such perceptions, this essay investigates the involved techniques, the reasons, and the duration of construction pertaining to the designing of the concrete slurry walls. Meaning of a Slurry Wall A slurry wall is a form of a modern structure primarily designed to reinforce cement walls on marshy grounds, waterlogged areas, and grounds with raised groundwater table. Opdyke and Evans state that a slurry wall constitutes a concrete perimeter wall with a stable foundation and interlocking construction panels that constructors build underground to prevent the percolation of the groundwater in places with raised water tables (674). Slurry walls are environmental protection structures with impermeable barriers that constructors and engineers design predominantly to evade the percolation of fresh and contaminated groundwater into the houses of people or the residential places (Opdyke and Evans 675). Why Constructors Build Slurry Walls Slurry Walls have some significant functions when it comes to environmental protection and infrastructural development. In terms of environmental protection, slurry walls avert the seepage of hazardous waste such as contaminated groundwater and sewage, which are significant soil or water pollutants (Opdyke and Evans 673). Water seepage can also make roads and bridges impassable. Slurry walls are structural units that are essential in supporting the development of the state-of-the-art infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and flyovers that refurbish city traffics (Opdyke and Evans 677). Slurry walls also make agricultural land productive through allowing the construction of bridge berths, deep wells, canal wails, and underground water storage tanks. When Constructors Construct Slurry Walls A region with a raised groundwater table is unfit for agricultural use, construction purpose, or any meaningful utilization of land as a natural resource. When groundwater in the highly marshy areas or zones with raised underground water table becomes a threat to the human survival or a barrier to any form of infrastructural development, construction of slurry walls becomes necessary (Opdyke and Evans 675). Engineers and environmental experts recommend for the construction of slurry walls to control hazardous waste, control underground water seepage, or advocate for land reclamation through structural means. Slurry Walls are subsurface barriers with impermeable blockades that support innovative construction, infrastructural development, land rehabilitation, and the control of hazardous waste (Opdyke
Introduction Nursing is often associated with a variety of emergency situations. My Leader Mentor has always stressed that being prepared for an emergency situation can guarantee that the staff will effectively solve the issues. For instance, my Leader Mentor has always paid special attention to fire precaution and she makes sure the staff knows what to do in such an emergency situation. It is necessary to note that my Leader Mentor has always stressed the importance of proper training and education as she claims novice nurses should be aware of a variety of emergency situations and be able to respond to them effectively. Fire Precaution and Other Emergency Situations It is necessary to note that many health care professionals often neglect the importance of some safety measures. My Leader Mentor told me about numerous cases when she had persuaded her colleagues to be more responsible. She has often made nurses answer her questions concerning emergency situations. It often turned out that nurses are unprepared for such typical emergency as fire. My Leader Mentor stressed that even such brief enquiries made the staff more responsible as nurses had to learn certain regulations. She also noted that these occasional enquiries do not suffice. Therefore, she has initiated a number of simulations and discussions on the matter. Remarkably, these discussions revealed the gaps and health care professionals had to accept the need to read the existing regulations and add certain rules. Admittedly, nurses can find themselves in diverse emergency situations (Ranse, Shaban, Considine, Hammad, Arbon, Mitchell, & Lenson, 2013, p. 58). Nonetheless, fire is one of the most probable in the present facility. Proper Training Notably, training plays a pivotal role in development of effective nurses. Sullivan (2012) stresses that nurses can face emergency situations, but they are often unprepared due to the lack of training. Amer (2013) also states that nurses should get proper education as well as continuous training (during their careers) to be ready for a variety of situations. My Mentor Leader stresses that each facility should have periodic training. Moreover, each facility should have a set of regulations which cover all aspects in
Introduction Miles Davis was one of the towering figures in Jazz history whose impact on Jazz is invincible and no other jazz musician in the world was able to make such an impact in the world of jazz for long. “Miles Davis was the most widely recognized jazz musician of his era, an outspoken social critic and an arbiter of style – in attitude and fashion – as well as music.” (Miles Davis. 2007) In his 50 years of career in jazz, he played the trumpet in a lyrical and melodic style and made his sound more intimate and personal. His contribution to the jazz music is so tremendous and without his career history, the history of jazz is incomplete. He won an unique place in the history of jazz with his new innovation and experimentalism. He took initiation and fuse jazz with rock, but it is important to understand that he did not make jazz-rock, he enriched jazz with the fusion of rock that became tremendous success. Early Life Miles Dewey Davis III was born to Miles Davis Jr. and Cleota Henry in an African-American wealthy family on May 25, 1926 in Alton, Illinois. He has one older sister and one younger brother. His father was a dentist and his mother was a one time music teacher. In 1928 they moved to East St.Louis. He had a happy childhood and lived in white neighborhood. He started his musical career with a trumpet given by his father at the age of thirteen and soon a member of high school band. When he was student, he was coached by his earliest idol, the great St. Louis trumpeter Clark Terry. In 1941 he started playing as a semiprofessional with St. Louis jazz band and performed locally with Billy Eckstine’s band at his high school period and soon became a local phenomenon. Davis as a Musician He joined at New York’s Juilliard School of Music where he stayed with alto saxophonist Charlie Parker whom he had met earlier In St. Louis. In New York he studied classical music at day time and at night he played in his quintet on the 1945 Savoy sessions, the classic recordings of the bebop movement. Later he joined with Benny Carter, Billy Eckstine, Charles Mingus and Oscar Pettiford. He never had completed his studies as he preferred to play at the clubs that helped him to mark his name on the bebop scene with Charlie Parker and shaped his distinctive trumpet style. He also got the opportunity to play with Coleman Hawkins, Kai Winding, and Benny Carter’s orchestra in California. He nearly played three years for Parker’s group and achieved ranks very fast and learned Bird and Diz which brought him a good name as trumpet player. He perfected his trumpet while he was working with the bebop genius Charlie Parker that brought him early fame. As he perfected himself as a bebop trumpeter he felt to get rid of the bebop’s style and to add more melodic elements in jazz that thought resulted in to the influential recording Birth of the Cool in 1949, which in turns gave ‘birth’ to the so-called ‘cool,’ or West Coast, jazz school and helped him to establish his own musical identity and to get rid of the influence of Parker and the other beboppers. “As a trumpeter Davis was fa