ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There has been a constant rise in the number of crimes committed in everyday life. With little or no attention paid to the possible causes of such crimes, the majority of people including those within the law enforcement authorities have become more careful in devising serious penalties. Provoked by the penalties set against different crimes, Dan M. Kahan expresses his view in an essay, “Shame is Worth a Try,” where he advocates for a new method whose effectiveness is to be subjected to scrutiny. The effectiveness of shame as punishment would be determined through reasoning, questions, and comparison with other penalties already existing. Kahan in his essay argues in support of his claim that shame as form of crime punishment is less costly; it is more effective and more humane hence restoring the dignity of a person that has been lost when committing a crime. Shame provides an alternative to imprisonment as a form of punishment. The use of shame to punish criminals consists in informing people of crimes committed by individuals by means of daily press. Individuals caught by the police driving under the influence of alcohol may also be put to shame by hanging stickers informing the public about such behaviors. Kahan holds a strong belief that no matter how hurting shame may be to the criminals, it is by far one of the most effective criminal deterrents. As a major defense of his claim on shame as a punishment method, Kahan asserts that victims of imprisonment, whether criminals or not criminals, have found it a tall order to regain their lost dignity and integrity. The people freed from prisons have been reported to face great challenges in their attempts to reunite with the other law abiding citizens. According to Kahan, this is attributed to the lost of trust and respect among the rest of the community members. Kahan, therefore, proposes that the use of shame as punishment is put to trial and if found effective, must be implemented as an alternative to the imprisonment. Kahan points out the negative and dehumanizing consequences associated with such acts. On the other hand, there is yet another aspect of family lives to be taken into consideration. Gibbs highlights in his article “The Magic of the Family Meal,” in the famous Time Magazine, that beyond any reasonable doubt, common and frequent family meals play a vital role in making up a successful family. The article by Gibbs plays a pivotal role to readers providing the opportunities to learn and appreciate the need for daily family meals. Children who have the chance to share common meals with their parents and the other siblings have been reported t
Executive Summary This report provides the benchmarking of two delivery services providers, Aramex, to FedEx. The former is Emirati-based, while the latter is a global leader in the market. The comparison is based on the results of the marketing mix analysis. Such aspects as a product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and presence will be considered. It is found that Aramex employs various strategies that have been used (and some of them developed) at FedEx that can be regarded as a revolutionary leader in the industry. However, there are also considerable differences due to historical and geographical aspects. FedEx has the largest aircraft fleet and one of the biggest land transportation fleets in the world. Aramex is one of the leading delivery services providers, and it has the biggest land fleet in the Middle East. The availability of vehicles is one of the illustrations of the major difference between the two corporations. FedEx has considerable resources to innovate and expand, while Aramex has limited options to develop. It is noteworthy that even these comparatively scarce resources are not allocated effectively to ensure the sustainable growth of the company. Aramex has to change some of its approaches in order to win a larger market share in the Middle East and become a global operator in the long-run. These strategies include acquiring larger companies and developing more effective partnerships, increasing fleet, innovating, raising people’s awareness of Aramex’s sustainability-related projects, and employing more effective promotional methods. The company should also continue investing in its efforts linked to their staff training and development. Introduction Delivery is one of the key aspects of running a successful business as people are no longer ready to wait until they receive the products they need. The associated operations are often outsourced, especially when it comes to small businesses, entrepreneurs, individuals, or if some occasional delivery services are necessary. FedEx is regarded as one of t
Identify the current state of the music industry? The majority of current big names in the music industry, such as Bruno Mars, are unreachable icons set on stands, kept away on pillars. The operations and undertakings of these artists are displayed all over headlines each day among a clamor of hackneyed and inappropriate gossipy narratives claiming to inform people about who they are and their achievements. The public and fans are habitually supplied with images planned to boost their aspirations and leave them attached to an industry that supports the mostly referred to as attractive images while the music assumes a back bench. In this regard, the public and fans relate to images and turn out to be unhealthily preoccupied with an obsession that results to another. The condition proceeds through abundance of resources being created for the few that have a clearly devoted concern in maintaining it that way. Some key players in the music industry are the famous Lady Gaga and Madonna to mention a few. People are stimulated to follow the opinion of the majority, which feel secure as they have a conviction that it has to be correct since many are doing it. Successful musicians along with their music do not fade away as they only become inundated under a trend of exceedingly proscribed, deeply bound, mass generated celebrities that are ready to do all that is required to thrive. The outcome of this is that the fans are being starved of readily available bona fide endowment that leads to unauthentic, lusterless, mind-numbing, and re-worded tunes roiled severally. Apart from ethics and principles, the music industry has developed, concealed, and weakened an entire range of musicians whose capacities are disregarded much to the detriment of the music lovers. Evaluate the extent to which Apple’s iTunes has helped and hindered profitability in the industry Apple’s iTunes has assisted in resolving some problems in the music industry thus boosting profitability. Apple’s iTunes is presenting a legal option to Napster in addition to other download services at no cost. This has become a period of a fresh start with a major change happening and resulting to the upshot of musicians that are directly involving their audiences. Apple’s iTunes is offering profitability in the music industry by generating equally beneficial union for all. On this note, musicians are not intending to sell their music for fame and fortune, but are aiming at having their music appreciated and leading a decent lifestyle. This advance is beneficial as it promotes mutual esteem amid all relevant parties and generates a comprehension of the extent of personal dedication of the artists in composing and recording their music. Co
Simon Bolivar is a prominent political figure of the 19th century. He is known for leading the independence war against the Spanish colonialist rule in Latin America, being the president of Colombia, establishing the three years of dictatorship in Peru, and the abolition of slavery. Bolivars politics was rather controversial. As Helg (2012) notices in the article, even though Bolivar was an adherent of republican ideas, his rule was, nonetheless, authoritarian. Besides, he liquidated colonial privileges and slavery but preserved and supported “the monopoly of power by the white creole elite” (Helg, 2012, p. 12). The present essay examines the article on the rule of Simon Bolivar written by Aline Helg (2012) and presents the main arguments of Bolivars writings. The most peculiar point expressed in Bolivars essays is that he believed in the superiority of white people. More precisely, from Bolivars point of view, the intellectual excellence of the white population was a tool to gain control over the government in a country that is inhibited by Hispanics and Blacks (Helg, 2012). Therefore, such views on racial superiority substantiate his attitude toward the phenomenon of slavery. For him, slavery was rational and natural because other races were regarded as less capable and intelligent and more dangerous than whites. Nonetheless, it is curious to notice that Bolivars view on slavery was gradually changing. Shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic of Venezuela, Bolivar enfreedomed local inhabitants (Helg, 2012). Nevertheless, such an action did not illustrate Bolivars insight on the equality of human rights. Instead, the abolition of slavery resulted from the political deal with one of the leaders of the French Revolution, Jerome Petion de Villeneuve. Petition sponsored anti-colonialist expeditions of Bolivar, and emancipation of slaves was a part of the deal (Helg, 2012). What is more, even though Bolivars were claiming that all people have an equal right to be free, a slave and his family members could become enfreedomed only if he entered the patriot army (Helg, 2012). After returning from the expeditions to Venezuela, Bolivar stuck to the same attitude to slavery and freedom was granted only in exchange for military service. From this perspective, it becomes clear that for Simon Bolivar, peoples lives and freedom were a bargaining chip and a means to defeat Spanish colonialists. At the same time, even though the abolition of slavery was not a gratuitous gift to the citizens, it prevented the possible rebellion of slaves against their owners. The times were changing, and Bolivar had no other choice but to modify his policies. Bolivars writings and actions illustrate his attitude to slavery remains the same. Even though he openly promoted the abolition of slavery after the first quarter of the 19th century, the white creole elite enjoyed the monopoly on political power under Simon Bolivar. To conclude, the government established by the Venezuelan statesman Simon Bolivar resembles a republican one. However, the equality of citizens is an indispensable part of a full-fledged republican s
This paper is aimed at discussing the status of Sharia under the regime of Hosni Mubarak. This question is closely related with the Islamization of Egypt. Moreover, much attention should be paid to the role played by the organizations which stated that the functioning of the state should not be separated from religion. Among these organizations, one can distinguish the Muslim Brotherhood. These are the main issues that should be taken into consideration. These questions are vital for understanding the development of the political system of the country. Overall, it is possible to argue that Mubarak resisted the growing role of Sharia in the legislative system of this country, but he had to recognize the importance of Islam for the culture of the Egyptian society. Moreover, he had to make concessions with Islamist organizations. To a great extent, he perceived Islamization as one of the factors that could eventually undermine his authority, but it was impossible for him to create a completely secular state that could be completely isolated from religion. This is one of the main points that can be made. It should be mentioned that for approximately two decades after Mubarak’s ascension to power, the supporters of political and legal Islam did not play an important role in the social life of Egypt. The opposition to this regime was represented mostly by nationalist and leftist movements (Naguib 103). In turn, Islamist political parties could not significantly affect the decisions of Mubarak regime (Naguib 103). This is one of the trends that could be observed in the eighties. Furthermore, Mubarak perceived the growing importance of religion as a potential danger to his government. There were two reasons for this policy. First of all, one can speak about the growing number of militant Islamist organizations that could use force against the state (Sullivan and Abeb-Kotob 11). Secondly, it is important to remember that Muslim culture does not tolerate the authority of civil dictators. In turn, Mubarak policies were aimed at suppressing various Islamic organizations that could be both peaceful and militant (Sullivan and Abeb-Kotob 11). This information should be taken into account because it can explain the role of Sharia in the Egyptian society during Mubarak regime. One can argue that the norms of Sharia were not strictly enforced by the administration of Mubarak. The only exception was family law which regulates such aspects as the inheritance of property, marriage, divorce, and so forth (Forsythe 112). Admittedly, Mubarak enabled some of Islamic political parties to participate in the legislative discussions, but they could not shape the constitution of the country or other regulations. This is one of the main issues that should be kept in mind. Overall, it is possible to say that the Quran was not the main source of legislative norms in this country. Religion could not significantly influence the life of people. This is
In his awkward, but engaged speech, Jefferson Smith proposed a Bill that was supposed to fund an establishing of a national boys camp. According to Smith, the camp could be funded by the United States Treasury; this fund should have been distributed in the form of a loan (Mr. Smith goes to Washington 1939). Although the Bill itself seemed to be an excellent idea and a good investment, Mr. Smith failed to present the project successfully. To succeed, he should have submitted the plan of the project more precisely. For example, the goals of the proposal should have been mentioned. Mr. Smith’s purpose of this camp is stated as “bringing together boys of all walks of life”, but it is doubtful that such proposal would be considered seriously (Mr. Smith goes to Washington 1939). Instead, Mr. Smith should have stressed how important it is for young adolescents to learn together with the peers, form and shape their social skills, comprehend the importance of support and friendship. Moreover, Mr. Smith could have also pointed out that the boys who visited the camp would become better team players and that such experience would help them in their adult life. As for the “efficient sum” in the form of a loan, there are at least two issues that Mr. Smith did not consider. First, he did not name the particular sum he expected to receive. Second, he did not explain how exactly this sum would be returned to the United States Treasury. Being more persuasive and accurate would have helped Mr. Smith during the proposal of the Bill. Although he did mention that the sum would be returned in “contributions”, he did not specify what kind of contributions the Senate should expect. For example, the boys that visit the camp might become influential politicians or experienced leaders, or maybe they will be diligent citizens who always pay their taxes and are interested in the development of their community. Being more specific means presenting the exact clientele of the project (e.g. explain how old the boys should be to visit the camp, what will they do there, how they are going to be engaged in the life of the community, etc.). If Mr. Smith decided to present such project personally, it implies that he had experience with the clientele. He should have explained what experience he had gained and what he was planning to implement in the project. When Mr. Smith stated that “boys of all creeds, kinds, and positions” would visit the camp, he did not explain what advantages this camp had for boys from vulnerable groups, or for disabled boys, of for boys from families with financial difficulties. However, such details are important for the funding source because through these details the source will understand what population groups the project is targeting and what value this project might have. The problem that the project is aiming to approach is also not stated; it is
Introduction The history of ethnicity and issues of racism in the United States dates back to a few centuries. Consequently, various generations have addressed the issue of ethnicity in different contexts and in regards to varying historical events. Scholars have often tried to contextualize the issue of ethnicity in the United States. Consequently, anthropologists and sociologists have forwarded various theories and counter-theories in regards to the issues of ethnicity. Ethnicity has had a wide range of effects on various social groups across the country and the world at large. One scholar who has added his voice to the debate on ethnicity is Philip Yang. Yang’s book, “Ethnic Studies: Issues and Approaches” addresses how ethnicity has evolved within the American culture. Another scholar, Eduardo Silva addresses the issues of ethnicity and racism in the post Civil Rights era in the United States. Silva’s book is titled “Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and Racial Inequality in Contemporary America”. Both Yang and Silva address the same issues albeit from different points of view. This essay explains the relationship between Bonilla-Silva’s notion of colorblind racism and Yang’s perspective of ethnic segregation. In addition, the paper discusses how these two factors validate or invalidate each other. Bonilla-Silva’s Notion of Colorblind Racism According to the author, the matters of race are still rife within the American society even after the initial struggles that were witnessed during the Civil Rights era. In addition, the effects of racism have continued to have negative effects on the quality of life of most minority races in the United States. Racism has persisted in the United States even after several institutions and frameworks have been put in place to safeguard victims from the effects of racism. Bonilla-Silva begins his book by posing a question: “How is it possible to have this tremendous degree of racial inequality in a country where most whites claim that race is no longer relevant…how do whites explain the contradiction between their professed color blindness (within) the United States’ color-coded inequality?” (Bonilla-Silva 2). According to Bonilla-Silva, we are going through a period of less overt racism where racial stereotypes are mostly confined to situations where systems are subtly beneficial to the white minority. In addition, a majority of the white majority are strategically ignorant of the fact that minority races have trouble accessing services that grant them education, credit, and housing among other amenities. Bonilla-Silva’s main concern in “Racism without Racists” is the r
Introduction The UnionPay systems requirements granted the service suppliers to offer payment services using electronic cards to carry out transactions in foreign currencies. Under this system, the Chinese authority categorically stated that the devices used in payment card processes must conform to the entity systems requirements. In addition, it was required that all the cards used in these transactions must bear the UnionPay’s logo. Another bone of contention under this electronic payment system arrangement is that the Chinese merchants were granted some exclusive rights to access the payment cards. However, the other members who were using this system of payment were meant to negotiate before they were given these access rights. Analysis of the UnionPay case in China The US dispute on China’s UnionPay case Under the Unionpay program, the United States of America questioned the legality on the country’s authority to issue credit card for electronic payment services. The US thought this would be a means of encouraging fraud and fraudulent activities regarding the electronic payment systems. Therefore, the US claimed that China was permitted only to use UnionPay for issuing electronic payment transactions that were mainly denominated and done in Chinese renminbi. The United States’ cause of the rejection of the UnionPay services in China The US never wanted to accept these UnionPay services because China was flouting the rules governing the electronic payment services. For example, the United States of America argued that China was acting inconsistently with the GATS rules, which regulate such services. The most affected sections of the GATS were the Articles XVI as well as XVII (WHO 1). Analysis of the main idea for the case The main idea for the UnionPay case is that it was thought by the United States of America to be contravening the established rules and measures that regulate the electronic payment services. In its defence, the US wanted to see that there was a legalized system that dealt with payment transaction services. In fact, anything that would contravene the established GATS legal frameworks was not good to be adopted as appropriate means of payment (WHO 4). Therefore, the Chinese authority was found to be contravening the rules governing the electronic payment transactions, and the US could not definitely support such kind of a system. UnionPay in China and its services This organization can be regarded as the main bank card company in China, which was established in 2002. Therefore, the UnionPay refers to the banking card that is used by many consumers across the entire country. In addition, the UnionPay services in China are also important to other foreigners such as the American merchants, owing to its ability to perform interbank transactions by connecting to other ATMs facilities in the county as well as other parts of the world. The UnionPay cards are also famous with the Elec
There are numerous reasons that lead to one opting to major in a specific career field. Some of the objectives may be inclined to salary paid for jobs associated with the field, desire to pursue one’s talent while others may be associated with one’s need to help the society or the country. Of all these needs, the desire to major in fire protection engineering was stirred up by the numerous problems that affect my society and country in the event of a fire outbreak. In this brief essay, I intend to highlight some of the reasons that led to my desire in majoring in this field. For years, our fire fighting departments have been overwhelmed by fire outbreaks which eventually lead to fatalities. There have been numerous incidences where people, as well as firefighters, have died trying to put off infernos razing down hotels or forests. Some of the reasons I have identified to cause these fatalities are lack of essential skills by the society while fire fighting departments have been found not to have the necessary fire fighting facilities. In this respect, I am majoring in fire protection engineering so that I can equip myself with the necessary fire fighting skills. It is my desire to educate the community on how to respond to fire outbreaks. This will help in cutting down on the number of fatalities resulting from fire outbreaks. Wildfire has been a great problem not only to our country but also to the world. This has not only hampered our endeavors to conserve the environment but has also adversely affected the wildlife. Over the past, I have been very inquisitive about some of the factors that lead to a wildfire. Among the factors I have identified, most of them are associated with a lack of experience and skills in our community. Encroachment by the community into lands that were once conserved for forest and wildlife has led to the outbreak of wildfires. As people continue clearing and burning bushes around them, they at times leave the fire on leading to it extending into the forests. Majoring in fire engineering will give me an opportunity to interact and educate the public about the importance of ensur