ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Representation of Workers, Immigrants and African Americans by the New Deal When President Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected in 1932, democrats developed a plan focusing mainly on the minorities such as African Americans, workers, immigrants, and religious minorities. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were some of the many programs representing minorities in the New Deal. The goal of CCC was to protect the nation’s natural resources by employing minorities. The African Americans participated in the construction of road and rail tracks in North Carolina. They removed dead tree trunks preventing forest fires, and received 30 dollars from the government (Patel, 2021). They were provided with food, shelter, and education as CCC had a rule prohibiting recruitment based on race or religion, which favored the minorities well. The WPA focused on the well-being of minorities by ensuring that their psychological, social, and economic problems were solved, giving them peace of mind. An estimated 15% of the WPA workers were immigrants, and others were discriminated against in race (Kelley, 2021). It had federal music and theatre initiatives that supported the talents of musicians and African American actors without any favor. WPA allowed women to perform clerical jobs, canning as well as working as librarians. Through the federal writer’s project, black history and culture were conserved. Extend to which the New Deal Ended Great Depression and Restored the Economy WPA and CCC played a compatible role in ending the Great Depression and restoring the economy. The two programs provided jobs to minorities who could work in various public projects, leading to the recovery of the nation’s economy. The CCC was created to address the unemployment issues among minorities during the Great Depression period. By conserving natural resources, about two million minorities received 30 dollars (Patel, 2021). WPA provided opportunities to the minority groups that participated in clerical and librarian positions and gardening jobs, which enhanced the people’s purchasing power, leading to economic recovery. The New Deal elevated the financial situation by addressing unemployment by providing assignments that solved social and economic problems. Problems such as declining industrial output and lack of jobs were reduced by half, and millions of immigrants and African Americans got jobs. This shows that the New Deal helped to end the Great Depression and restore the nation’s economy.
In general words, Associationism is a theory explaining how different items combine in the human mind to produce thoughts, feelings, and emotions. The key tenets of Associationism are rather simple: all items are associated in the human mind through sets of experiences. The items are derived from diverse experiences and are further combined to form a thought or a feeling. For example, a child learns not to touch fire because the kid associates it with pain, the pain that was memorized from the experience with fire. Furthermore, items can combine to form a complex idea based on several experiences. Associationist psychology is based on two fundamental doctrines. The first doctrine is that the more recondite phenomena of the mind are formed out of simple parts. The second one is that the mental law is the law of association. Overall, associationistic theorists try to explain the mental phenomena by trying to show the final product of the small experiences connected through complex networks of associations. In other words, associationism is an attempt to explain mental phenomena through looking at small experiences and mental laws of association. John Stuart Mill and George Berkeley are two of the most prominent representatives of the Associationistic theory (Wilson 1990). John Mill linked associationist psychology to the issues of moral education and social reform. Interestingly enough, Mill argued that the contents of human minds (namely beliefs and moral feelings) are the ultimate products of diverse experiences people go through. These small experiences are connected by associationistic laws. The different combinations of these experiences may lead to different shapes of human nature. For example, when new experiences are gained, the mind of the person is changing because another connection network of experiences is created. Associationism, as Mill suggested, is based on the assumption that problems of people can be explained by their situations (or associations promoted by these situations) rather than by intrinsic factors (Wilson 1990). Special attention should be paid to the impact made by Mill on equality between a woman and a man. Mill argued that to ensure equality among men and women, the experiences of females should be changed. Consequently, the change in experiences will result in the change in associations, and ultimately it will change their minds. Mill rejected the idea that subordination of women is a natural order. He tried to show that the social superiority of men was also the result of specific experiences that formed the particular associations in minds of both genders (Skorupski 1989). George Berkeley, on the other side, explored the theory of associationism through the senses in general and touch in particular. Berkeley believed that touching provides people with full access to the world. Moreover, Berkeley put forward the idea that the vision of an object does not give true information about the items. For example, the tower has a determinate shape and size but depending on th
Introduction Coca-Cola Company is a non-alcoholic beverage manufacturer that also markets and dispenses other types of concentrates and syrups. The pioneer product Coca-Cola is responsible for its worldwide recognition, invented in early 1886 by a renowned pharmacist John Stith. Coca-Cola currently offers more than 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1.6 billion servings each day (Coca-Cola, 2010). In 2006 Coca Cola Company introduced a unique beverage that had never captured the imagination of millions of soft drink lovers in the world. It was a coffee-flavored soft drink going by the name Coca-Cola Blak. It was first introduced in France before making a highly publicized entry into the United States market. In early 2007, it managed to penetrate other parts of the European market. The version that was being sold in France and Canada contained sugar as the main sweetening ingredient, while the United States version used corn syrup which had high fructose making the French version to be comparatively less sweet. In terms of visual attractiveness, the American version was well packaged in a glass bottle making it look like the classic coke bottle. The French one was packed in an aluminum bottle. Analysis An analysis in the study will focus on determining the targeted consumers, determining the best advertising messages, comparing Coca-Cola Blak with the ordinary Coca-Cola, and evaluating how Coca-Cola Blak has used its brand name to attract consumers to Coca-Cola Blak. Determining the Targeted Consumers The targeted consumers for this product are the average adult consumers who are normally more health cautious and like to treat themselves occasionally. This assumption can be justified because Coca-Cola blak was a little more expensive than the other Coca-Cola brands and it contained fewer calories. The main selling point for this product is to capture the imagination of consumers, who are curious to find out how coffee can be blended with their regular soft drink. The two main ingredients Coca Cola and coffee are already popular in America, and it will not be a difficult task to convince consumers to buy the product. Being a product that contains already popular ingredients, it will be easy to change the attitude of consumers. It will be convincing to use just a little support of traditional and non-traditional media. Determining the Best Advertising Messages Consumers always want to associate what they are doing with something positive or constructive (Babin and Harris, 2010). Something that makes them feel good about themselves like eating healthy food. A message that will focus on showing the low amount of calories and the unique taste of coffee blend
Historically, teenage pregnancy was not regarded as a social problem, it was rather a norm. Fifteen-years-old mothers were not an exception for the rule, but rather the rule. Even nowadays in many countries teenage pregnancy is a norm due to various historical, political, economical and cultural reasons. Nevertheless, in developed countries teenage pregnancy is a problem which is regarded as a social dysfunction. Thus, Americans are preoccupied with the problem and try to solve it. Admittedly, numerous cases of teenage pregnancies cause various social and economical constraints. The teenage pregnancy leads to economical problems of the entire country since many young women who could obtain education and work for the sake of the country have to seek country’s assistance. Teenage parents do not have means to support their new families and this causes aggravation of hard economical situation in the country. Apart from various economical issues, the teenage pregnancy leads to such social and cultural problems as degradation of citizens since young people do not self-develop but simply try to find any way to support themselves and their families taking any job which does not require any qualification. It goes without saying that to find a solution to the problem it is important to identify the causes for the problem. It is possible to point out four major causes of teenage pregnancy: the lack of parental care, poverty, peer pressure and influence of media. It is important to hav
Incident Command System (ICS) is an integrated and standardized on-scene management framework that allows an organization to quickly respond to emergencies situation (USDL). Develop in early 1970s. ICS has become an important tool for equipment, personnel, procedures, facilities and communication integration within a single organizational structure. It represents best practices and has grown to become a standard for managing emergencies. ICS can also be used to manage planned events, acts of terrorism and natural disasters (FEMA). Because of its sophisticated nature that allows for rapid response, ICS is a key feature for National Incident Management System (FEMA). Initially, ICS was developed as a management tool to respond to rapidly moving wildfires. According to United States Department of Labor (USDL), ICS was also developed to eliminate the problem of many people reporting to a single supervisor and the existence of unclear channels of authority (USDL). Other problems that prompted the development of ICS were the lack of structured coordination among different agencies, insufficient and incompatible communication structure, and the lack of incident information that could be relied (USDL). It is in the 1980s that ICS was integrated into a national outfit program called the National Interagency Incident Management Systems (NIIMS) thus becoming an incident response management system. Since then, ICS has become incident response tool used by many federal organizations and agencies to respond to disasters and emergencies(USDL). By creating a manageable control system, ICS facilitates integrated planning and communication framework which an emergency response into five functional and manageable units that are critical emergency operations. These units are; Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics and Finance and Administration (USDL). The structure is as shown in Figure 1 below Figure: ICS structure Source: United States Department of Labor Duties and responsibilities of Command Staff At the top of the hierarchy is the Incident Commander (IC) who overseas the overall incident management operations besides developing goals and objectives of the incident response. The IC neither belongs to the Command nor General staff. The IC unless he/she assigns duties to CS of GS, is responsible for establishing quick safety priorities in case of emergencies, and stabilizing the incident by availing cost effective and efficient ilfe saving resources, create incident objectives. Other responsibilities of IC include approving the implementation of Action Plan and ensuring that sufficient safety and health measures are available during emergencies (FEMA). The Command Staff (CS) is responsible for carrying out st
Introduction Naturally, human beings resist change for the fear of the unknown among other reasons. This is why it would take a lot to maneuver through the ups and downs associated with bringing change and making sure that the organization embraces it and successfully walks through the transitions. Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization has been giving its customers the best they can and that is why the organization has been so successful in creating lasting relationships with its clientele. However, our market share has not been increasing substantially due to the steep competition in the market. It is sad to realize that after some research that was conducted in the market, our products were found not to be famous. We have been in the business for a period long enough to be able to cut down our advertising and promotional expenses and still enjoy leading the market but unfortunately, we are as threatened as in our first two year of business. This brings us to what we are not doing; this business should invest more in advertising through the web. According to Leban & Stone (2008), the business environment is very dynamic which requires managers to be vigilant and always stay a step or two ahead of the competitors. However, this is something that the organization has not been excellently doing of late. I took the pleasure to review some of our key competitors’ expenditures on sales and promotion only to realize that we have been a way too extravagant on ours. This organization invests heavily in the expensive personal selling which was a good strategy for us at our tender age but now these costs are unnecessary. We have also been pumping lots of cash to the print media, which includes newspapers and magazines not to mention the big cheques we write to the television and radio stations. Unfortunate we have almost forgotten completely about the web. Analyzing our market, I realized that we serve a market composed of more than three quarters of young adults aged between 18 and 35. These people no longer read newspapers and magazines. In other word, they have no time for the print media. They are all busy chatting in social networks, sending e-mails to each other, and reading news from the internet. If we want to catch them, then this is the right place to find them. We can begin this by developing a comprehensive and user friend company website, which tells it all about us. We should also consider having ways of making sales through the internet, which is the convenience these youngsters are looking for. Then we shall have numerous blogs and advertisements so that every one of these youngsters must see something to do with Kudler Fine Foods Virtual organization every time they log in to the internet. This organization will better have a specialist in that field other than hiring the services. I know this s
It seems apparent that with the flow of time, prominent historians and novelists tend to rethink and rediscover some fundamental works of their predecessors. Such a state of affairs contributes to the continuous development of world literature, as well as to advancing an ongoing search for truth. Carpentier’s novel The Harp and the Shadow might be among the most significant works of such a character – the author reconsiders plenty of aspects within Columbus’s texts. This paper aims to investigate the mechanisms applied in The Harp and the Shadow to critically reread the past, as well as the purpose of rewriting itself. The Harp and the Shadow crown Carpentier’s literary path – the Columbus case is being reconsidered. The first part is the monologue of Pope Pius IX, dreaming of canonizing in the interests of the church the Discoverer Columbus, who discovered another Light for faith and whose very name contains a divine sign. In the second part, Columbus is on his deathbed before the readers. While waiting for a monk, he confesses to his conscience – and this is the confession of a rogue and a jester. The real Columbus appears before the audience only in the third part, where a phantasmagoric meeting takes place in the Vatican. There, the question of the canonization of the Discoverer is considered. Testimonies are given by the living, and the dead, historians and writers, apologists and detractors of Columbus; the shadow of the Admiral himself is also present (Chase 1–2). Carpentier’s novel is founded on investigating and integrating of Columbus’ Journal of Discovery , as well as on other historiographies on America’s discovery. It rewrites numerous traits of the relation between the New World and the Old World. The author questions the belief that Latin America should be perceived
Introduction Auditing is the process of examining the financial statements of an organization, correcting errors, and eliminating possible cases of fraud. The auditing process is a core activity that enables a company to control its internal activities in an efficient manner. Through auditing, most companies are able to achieve their business goals and objectives (Wang & Tuttle 2009). Several critics have risen concerning the auditing process. While some businesspersons find it worthwhile to invest in the auditing exercise, some find the auditing exercise unworthy. In this case, we have the XYZ Ltd Company; a pharmaceutical manufacturing company that was formed because of the splitting of the parent company, ABC Ltd. XYZ Ltd is the smaller of the two newly formed companies and the previous sales manager of the parent company is the Managing Director. The managing director does not find it worthwhile for the small company to carry out yearend audits. According to him, yearend auditing is an unnecessary exercise that will only increase the expenses of the company without necessarily adding value to the business. This paper will give a stringent analysis of the newly formed XYZ Company and determine if indeed there is a need to carry out yearend auditing. The paper will also give a detailed discussion of the pros and cons of appointing the same auditors of the parent company to audit XYZ Ltd. Lastly the paper will give an overview of the audit rotation exercise, its advantages and disadvantages. From the discussions, the paper will give decisive conclusions and recommendations that would enable the XYZ Company’s managers to make a worthwhile decision concerning the auditing process. Overview of the newly formed XYZ Company As indicated, XYZ Ltd Company formulated because of the splitting of the parent company. According to the previous descriptions, XYZ Ltd Company is a private limited company that is not legally obliged to have an audit (Hodgdon et al. 2009). This is because the company Act only obliges state owned companies and public limited companies to have audited financial records, whereas, the smaller companies voluntarily choose to have auditors examining their financial statements. However, although having an audit is not a mandatory requirement for XYZ Ltd, the auditing exercise would add some tangible value to the company. Value of auditing to XYZ Ltd Detection and prevention of fraud Fraud is a practice that can make businesses to undergo some massive losses. It is noteworthy that a small company like XYZ has a small operating capital that could diminish drastically if not well managed. Fraud cases such as skimmed payments from customers, cash theft, improper handling of petty cash and misuse of the company’s credit cards are some of the practices that can lead to total failure of a company. It is quite expensive for a small business like XYZ Ltd to create an internal audit department, howe
Abstract The global initiatives pertaining to child labor have been successful to a great extent in reducing the instances of child labor in the developing countries. International organizations such as the ILO and UN have initiated various programs with an aim to alleviate the plight of child laborers in developing countries. Cotton industry is one of the major revenue earning industries in Turkey. Unfortunately, this particular industry is infamous for employing children who are under the internationally approved minimum age to start working. Though the Turkish government is taking admirable steps towards eradicating this menace, a lot need to be done because even today there are children the specified age limits of 15 years who work in cotton fields. Introduction The cotton industry is one of the major revenue earning businesses around the globe and is considered to be the most preferred fiber for clothes. Cotton is grown in dry areas where sun shines in abundance. Cotton irrigation requires a lot of manual labor and as such there is a lot of demand for people willing to work in the fields. Over the years, due to an increase in demand for better quality and quantity of cotton in the industrialized nations, pesticides are used in the fields to boost production. As is understood, pesticides pose great health hazards for the people working in the fields. Among the workers who work in the fields, the percentage of child labor is considerable. Child labor in the cotton industry is not new; it was there even 200 years back. Today, most of the children (those who are employed) work in the plantation and picking of cotton. Some children also work in establishments that make cotton products. Featured below are pictures of children engaged in various activities of cotton irrigation and processing: It is very awful that children as young as 5 years old are sent to work in the cotton fields. Some of them are even sent away from their homes to work in cotton fields; this happens especially during the harvest time when there is ample work load. In spite of the fact that education was made compulsory for children between 5 to 8 years of age, these children are employed at the cost of their education (Bahar, 2011). Such instances of child labor defy the norms of Corporate Social Resp