ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The first industry is the automotive industry which deals with production and supply of self-powered vehicles. Companies in this industry can exploit supply chain risk primarily by having products that facilitate data capture and manipulation. This determines the speed with which decisions are made in case of unseen risks. For instance, if a company produces vehicles that require too much input, it would take time to break down this complexity as opposed to one that uses very simple concepts in production. Companies in the medical industry can also make profit out of supply chain risks. The supply chain in this industry is rather complex and unique. However, a firm may take advantage of its risks by making fast decisions. As in most cases, the companies producing medical supplies often depend on the same suppliers for raw materials. In case of delay in delivering the supplies due certain technical issues, one can decide to start importation to maintain the regular production. In such a case, as other companies wait for the main supplier to provide ordered materials and supplies, the firm would have gained a larger market share. The final industry is the real estate industry which is also among the fastest-growing in the world today. The industry is characterized by an imbalance in supply and demand due to the reduced willingness of the population to afford the provided housing units. This is despite the widespread shortage in housing, which means that demand will be expected to be high. Thus, companies need to understand the market and find the reason for the problem, which in most cases is financing. Then they can communicate with the clients and offer mortgage financing through their bankers. In such a way, a win-win story is provided for both parties.
The twentieth century was marked by the appearance of prominent figures in African American literature. In this regard, Zora Neale Hurston was one of the most extraordinary and versatile persons concerned about acute racial issues in the United States. She was memorized due to her sympathy for Black workers and women who continuously experienced racial discrimination in the South. Thus, this paper aims at providing a summary of readings about Zora Hurston’s life, indicating her most outstanding works, central themes, and important moments of life. The birth of Zora Hurston was slightly mysterious and obscure, and even its date was first established wrongly by the researchers of her biography. In particular, “scholars set the year of her birth as 1901, as in fact, she was born a decade earlier, on January 7, 1891” in Notasulga, Alabama (“Zora Neale Hurston” 997). When Hurston was a toddler, her family moved to Eatonville, Florida, her hometown that acquired a mythic image in her writings (“About Zora Neale Hurston”). In Eatonville, Hurston’s family flourished, and her father even became one of the town’s mayors. Nevertheless, at that period, Hurston faced her first hardships, such as the death of her mother, clashes with her step-mother, and problems with studies. Despite all those events, Hurston “earned her high school diploma from Morgan Academy in 1918, then studied sporadically at Howard University” (“Zora Neale Hurston” 997). Hence, she obtained profound education, which was rare for Black women at that time. In New York, in 1925, Zora Hurston revealed the talent of an artist and considerably contributed to the Harlem Renaissance. At Columbia, owing to the support of Franz Boas, a distinguished figure in anthropology, she was engrossed in examining black folklore and then published Mules and Men , the first collection of African American folktales. Hurston’s most outstanding works include Jonah’s Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939), Seraph on the Suwanee (1948) (Norwood). For instance, her first novel “had been well received both by the critics and the public” (“Zora Neale Hurston” 998). The second work demonstrated the characters’ victory over limitations inflicted by poverty and discrimination. Overall, Zora Hurston continues to influences many writers throughout the world, forever having cemented her
The article ‘Cooking 101’ criticized the lack of skills and simplified recopies published by most food companies for the end consumers. The author claims that ‘culinary illiteracy’ is the main problem of the modern culinary industry and ordinary Americans. The author attacks food companies and states that they are responsible for poor and inadequate vocabulary popularized through mass media. Using the four dimensions of attributions, it is possible to say that the author tends to shift from specific substantive issues to broad relational concerns (e.g., power, self-esteem, trust) and to the ground rules under which the research is conducted (i.e., violations of expectations concerning interruptions, taboo topics, aggressive tactics, etc.). The author is specific and objective, explaining his point of view and ideas. Further, due to the abstract and elusive nature of relationship issues, relationship struggles are generally played out through the proliferation of specific ideas which appear to involve minor and insignificant matters. For instance, the author involves such issues as fashion, training, and home economy. He shifts responsibility from an individual to food companies popularizing inadequate and even false culinary terms. In addition to the individual communicative moves, there are system properties present in these articles, including variety and specificity. Attributions result from the fact that individual moves are used in complex combinations (Wood, 2003). In the columnist response, the author opposes Sagon’s views and ideas, stating that lack of knowledge and vocabulary does not “make one a lesser cook.” Using implicit personality theory, it is possible to say that the author to terms is only paying less attention to data and facts addressed by Sagon. Extensive strategizing by the parties probably disrupts topic continuity further, as the columnist ignores preceding messages in order to carry out his own internal plans of argument. Such plans consist of internalized replies that the columnist wishes to express or interactive “scripts,” such as a sequence of leading questions that indirectly leads to the author’s claim. To this extent, the arguments are incompatible and are apt to appear chaotic. He states: “knowing the proper culinary terms doesn’t matter in the real world of the home cook” (A Columnist’s Response 2006). One may generally assume that if a specific content conflict frequently recurs and with increasing intensity, the issue left unresolved is a relationship issue. The columnist’s response vividly portrays that a person focuses on internal factors paying no attention to external sources. The response addresses the topic from a personal standpoint shared by the author but does not take into account social context and real-life situations. Personal expectations operate as cons
Narrative Linda, Bill’s younger sister, is the guide to the story of the film ( Days of Heaven ). As a narrator, she often reflects on trivial ideas. However, she moves from banality to speaking about a human being, surprising viewers with her wisdom. According to Gocsik et al., an ability to notice such deep thoughts is one of the methods of analyzing movies (4). Perhaps, the girl tells this story due to the director’s desire to show the complexity and problems of the adult world on the part of the young heroine. It, in turn, makes the film dynamic ( Days of Heaven ). Throughout the story, Linda learns a new life and tries to be accustomed to the new environment because of their emergency move to Texas. The realization that it is the narrative of a young girl makes the viewer think about the complexity of human relationships and difficulties that people sometimes have to face and experience. Cinematography In one of the shots of the movie, it is possible to see the house in which Bill, the protagonist, stays ( Days of Heaven ). It is the general plan of the landscape with one central object. The building stands alone among the yellow spaces of wheat. In this shot, an essential motive can be read – despite the perfection of artificial and cultural life, it will never come close to boundless and ideal nature. Bill escapes not only from the crime committed but also from civilization to still untouched by humans territories ( Days of Heaven ). As Gocsik et al. remark, the detailed study of shots can allow deep penetrating into the idea of the director and evaluate his or her creative message (23). Certainly, there is a relationship between the emphasis on the natural world in this film and the narrative told by Linda ( Days of Heaven ). Simple and, at the same time, deep girl’s thoughts are similar to the world where the main characters have settled and may be considered the embodiment of untouched and pure nature. Works Cited Days of Heaven . Directed by Terrence Malick, performance by Richard Gere and Brooke Adams, Paramount Pictures, 1978. Gocsik, Karen M., et al. Writing about Movies . 4th ed., W. W. Norton & Company, 2015.
Visionary is impatient people who realize what will happen in the future to them or to other people but doesn’t happen now. These people are capable of making imaginary trips to their past and seek for the image of a better future. I suppose that there are two possible types of such people: those who are smart and positive players, that is, those who have a positive vision on everything and reasonable ideas of how to succeed in their undertakings, and the so-called outsiders who only dream of something good to happen to them but never have a concrete plan of how to approach the desired future. The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Revolutionary Road by Richard Yates, and Marjorie Morningstar by Herman Wouk reveals the idea of the outsider as a visionary by the example of their main characters. Starting with Miller’s work I want to admit that the play is rather symbolic, as the witch trials depicted there to stand for the anti-Communist “witch-hunts” of the 1950s. I suppose that these hunted people can be considered as visionary, but of the outsider type, as they could hardly suggest some reasonable plan to make their ideas came true. They could also be considered outsiders as they were not understood by the rest of society. The same goes with the play’s witches. They were unfairly hunted by the society that was blind and deaf because of the fear and hysteria that it was consumed with. In his play, the author shows how people lose their common sense and start pursuing their goals without taking into account other people’s strivings and interests. In such a society many people gradually become visionary outsiders. I believe that the play’s character of John Proctor can be considered as a personification of the idea of the outsider as a visionary. This is a rather complex character. As the play has the structure of a classical tragedy, John Proctor may even be considered as the play’s tragic hero. On the one hand, he differs much from other members of the society where he lives in. He is a kind man in many ways; he is good-natured with others that were a rare thing in the described society. He can proud of the farmland he has created, he has a sense of religion and communal spirit that led to many public contributions on his behalf (like building the church, for instance). What makes him visionary is that he is reluctant to confess to his adultery even when he realizes that it can stop Abigail’s rampage through Salem. He was guided by the fear of ruining his
Brief Historical Analysis of Iranian Nuclear Program The United States started an ambitious program, under the Marshall Plan, to help Western Europe and other allies that were significantly affected by the Second World War to help rebuild. In 1950, the Iranian government, under the leadership of Mohammad Reza Shah, signed a nuclear program deal with the United States to help the Arabian country in the production of energy for domestic and commercial use. Under the program Atoms for Peace, the United States provided the experts and equipment needed to set up the nuclear power plants in the country. When Shah was toppled following the Iranian Revolution, the United States withdrew from the program. The country was determined to continue with its nuclear enrichment, and as such, the new leadership turned to Russia for assistance. In the 1990s, the Ruhollah Khomeini regime formed a joint research unit with Russia to help the country with technical information and nuclear experts (Bernstein 43). Some conspiracy theories have argued that Russia played a critical role in enabling Iran to redesign its nuclear power plants into nuclear arsenal bases hoping that the country would be an ally in case of an attack by the United States (Mitchell 64). In 2000, the international community got concerned that the Iranian nuclear enrichment was not for non-peaceful courses and that the country had been running clandestine nuclear weapons development without the knowledge of the Security Council. The United Nations Security Council issued a directive to the Iranian government in 2007 demanding that it halts its nuclear enrichment program because of its failure to comply with Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) obligations (Maloney 899). However, the country has continued to ignore these demands, which led to Iranian economic sanctions under Resolution 1803 of 2008. In 2015, the United States, under the leadership of President Barrack Obama, and the P5+1 (permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and Germany), and the European Union, reached a deal with Iran, popularly known as the Iranian Nuclear Deal (Mitchell 78). This paper will focus on the deal to determine its impact regionally and in the international arena. Motivations of Obama’s Administration about the Iranian Nuclear Deal The United States has close
Introduction Low-income students in the Indianapolis area do not have the same educational resources as compared to students in the middle and upper classes of the city. In particular, low-income elementary students. Adding educational resources, such as tutoring, could help these students succeed during their academic journey and give them an equal opportunity for success. Tutoring young children in our local community is important to us because we can see the results of our impact on the community. Completing a direct service shows you care about your community by spending your personal time and effort involved in making the community better. Our direct service involves partnering with local schools and centers to give these young children additional tutoring resources as an opportunity for success. Body Students from low-income families often face many additional barriers that prevent them from graduating or simply becoming successful compared to their peers from higher-income families. Being from a low-income family brings the difficulties of having insufficient support academically, financially, and emotionally. According to data collected in Indiana, “15.8% of Indianapolis, IN residents had an income below the poverty level in 2019, which was 24.8 greater than the poverty level of 11.9% across the entire state of Indiana.” This high level of families below the poverty level affects the childrens education in Indianapolis. For example, many impoverished or low-income families cannot afford to have access to computers or the internet at home. According to public data at the Polis Center at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, out of the 1.7 million children that were surveyed, “10 percent of all Indiana children are without a computer or broadband access,” not having internet access at home influences children’s ability to not be able to complete tasks and practices outside of the classroom. Compared to the 10 percent of students whose families are unable to have access to the internet at home, the minority population recorded an even higher percentage for black and Latino children scoring 21 percent and 15 percent. Children who are affected by coming from low-income families are mostly minority students. Data shows that “only 7 percent of schools in predominantly non-White neighborhoods are performing above the state average on state exams. But 47 percent of schools in primarily white neighborhoods are performing above the state testing average.” Low-income families are unable to help hire tutors for their children for standardized tests like SAT and ACT compared to higher-income families leading these students to possibly score lower on exams. Oftentimes, even the highest achieving low-income students fare worse in school than their wealthier peers, and that begins in early elementary schools,” according to the Indiana Department of Education. Learning disparities start early on in children’s education and contribute to the learning gap in higher education. All these disadvantages that come with being from low-income families contribute
Introduction Globalisation, transnational business advancements, and worldwide technological developments have critical significances in the global domain. These factors have led to a spectacular transformation in the frequency, circumstance, and means through which individuals from varied cultures interact. Analytically, international travels have declined barriers to international understandings in various contexts (Guedes & Faria 2010, p. 145). With the high rate of international movements, notable cultural disparities are bound to shift dramatically. Relative to the last centuries, nations have become more liberal in their border restrictions; there have been a lot of cultural exchanges, business orientations, and international movements. Additionally, a lot of emigration as well as immigration have occurred globally. This has diffused cultures through the process of enculturation. It is indeed critical to note that there is an overwhelming reduction of barriers due to cultural differences (Ahlstrom & Bruton 2009 p. 56). This discussion therefore supports the proposition that increased international movements and familiarity by individuals reduces the effects of cultural barriers as roadblocks to international understanding. How International Travel Breaks Down Cultural Barriers Intense international travel and familiarity with different cultures have led to a naturalisation process creating cross-cultural solutions within the global trade demands. Communication as well as positive interactions has increasingly assumed the centre stage amongst organizations, consumers, and other potential stakeholders and colleagues (Ringel-Bickelmaier & Ringel 2010, p. 524). Due to enhanced communication, it is notable that some native cultural practices have been shed off hence indicating how cultural differences will decline as a hindrance to international understanding. Moreover, the growing technological advances have gradually led to a more uniform globalized business and social culture (Billikopf 2009). This has systematically made international communities to be accommodative with one another. Consequently, a more general business culture has been adopted to enhance global relevance and competitiveness. The more individuals travel globally, the more they come to know about the world’s general geography, composition, and culture. In addition to this, they also learn about different cultures that they get exposed to (Ngomsi 2006). As a result, people acquire knowledge and get gradually literate about traditions as well as beliefs within the states that they visit. More interestingly is the
Introduction According to scheier (2001), information processing in humans deals with the ability of the human mind to take, store, retain and recover information from its memory system. Information which serves as the stimuli moves from the sensory memory to the short term memory and finally to the long term memory for permanent storage. Memory system Every sensory channel has got its sensory memory. Visual stimuli is received in iconic memory, auditory stimuli as received at the echoic memory and haptic memory is sensitive to touch.(Higbee 2001) Visual stimuli looks like a snapshot that fades away after 0.5 seconds. Visual memory is visual spatial. Auditory stimuli last for 4 seconds and it contains an echo of the sounds we hear. Information is acquired through paying attention. The information relayed is an exact replica of the stimuli. The sensory memory receives input from the environment such as light, heat, pressure, sound, smell, and touch among others. These physical stimuli are converted into neural messages which travel to the brain where they are registered and cause a sensation. The sensory register is bombarded with information at all times (Scheier,2001). Therefore, information that is attended to is processed and moves to the short term memory while unattended information is discarded because of its limited memory. The short time memory is considered the conscious memory because thinking occurs here. Short term memory is a temporary store of information under process. It receives all the information that is attended to at the short term sensory storage (Squire,1992) At this memory level information is processed on the basis of what it looks or sounds like or what it means. Short term memory has a limited capacity and information can last between 20-30 seconds. It can memorize 7-9 pieces of information at a time. Information is stored acoustically and semantically. (Higbee, 2001) Two things happen to information at this point. Sometimes we get information that we do not intend to store for long. Rehearsing for information that we do not intend to keep for long is called maintenance rehearsal. Information intended to be kept for long is in the long term memory is processed by the elaborative rehearsal. It involves repetition of information and memory search by looking for information related to the incoming information from the memory. Attention and rehearsal is very important for information to be retained and processed further. Long term memory is the permanent store house for information. Information processed from the short memory comes here after a few seconds. This memory bank has unlimited memory capacity and only information processed through elaborative rehearsal is stored here. Long term memory is divided into the declarative memory for things that can be expressed in words. Semantic memory is for general facts, information and meaning of things. Episodic memory