ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The world is getting increasingly competitive. There are various players within the industry having similar products to offer the market. Customers are increasingly becoming demanding. They have increased knowledge, and therefore, know that there is always an option when they need a product. Suppliers on the other hand, have become more demanding. They want to supply more products at increased cost citing increase in various factors of production. A firm always finds itself in such an awkward situation in the market. This would force the firm to come up with mechanisms through which it can outsmart other firms. It must be able to offer customers products that are unique in the market. It must stand out as a firm that offers a positive change at regular interval to its customers. According to Wootton and Horne (47), it is through this that it will be in a position to manage competition and come out as a successful firm in the market. This would be achievable if the strategies that the management comes up with are competitive enough to make it be seen as the best. This study has its focus on Elysian Hotel in Chicago. The hospitality industry in the United States of America has expanded a great within this century. This is one of the oldest industries in the world. The major growth factor in this industry is the tourism sector, both locally and internationally. The number of visitors a region is able to attract within a year always dictates the growth of the hospitality industry. The United States of America is one of the leading tourists’ destinations in the world. There are a number of issues that affects this industry. The first issue that has been of concern is the seasonality in this industry. During off-seasons, the industry always faces serious economic challenges. In some extreme cases, the cost of production exceeds the total sales that this firm makes. Another issue that always arises in this industry is the issue of insecurity. Pearson (112) observes that the United States has had a prolonged political stability that has enabled firms to excel in this industry. However, this industry is facing a new security threat in the form of terrorism and hooliganism. The United States remains the leading target of large terrorist groups around the world. The hotels are some of the institutions under great threat. Trigger-happy Hooligans are also targeting social places including the hotels, shooting at individuals indiscriminately. The management has these challenges, besides the challenge posed by competitors, to deal with firmly in order to be considered successful. The above strategic issues must be approached and handled with care in order to ensure that Elysian Hotel in Chicago maintains its market lead in this industry. It is a fact that this is one of the market leaders in this industry. It has managed to withstand the market competition, but this may not be a guarantee that it will always be successful even if it fails to develop better strategies. According to Michel (92), the management must come up with various opt
Marijuana, or Cannabis, is a term used to indicate one of the products of the Cannabis sativa plant. The hallucinogenic properties of the leaves and flowers of the Cannabis sativa plant were discovered more than 2,000 years ago in Asia. History tells that Cannabis seeds were found in the ancient burial places in central Asia (Farrell et al. 1). The dry, shredded leaves and flowers of the hemp plant are usually smoked in the pure state in cigarettes, pipes, and water pipes, or in a mixture with tobacco. Cannabis leaves also can be used in tea brewing. The oil-based extract of the Cannabis plant is used in cooking and cosmetics (Volkow et al. 2219). In 1961, the United Nations’ Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs declared Cannabis a controlled drug. In most states, the possession, sale, and cultivation of Cannabis are illegal, but such countries as Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, etc., make an exception in case if the plant is cultivated for medical and scientific purposes. Nowadays, the opinions on the matter of its legality are divided. There is a common belief that marijuana, as much as the other drugs, has an adverse impact on the human body, specifically the brain and lungs. However, physicians report that if prescribed appropriately, the Cannabis plant and cannabinoid medicine can positively affect human health by improving the appetite and alleviate cancer and chronic pain as well as spasticity. Besides, the legalization of the marijuana industry will create an extensive number of jobs and will help to improve the economic situation. Although the scientific and medical use of marijuana has already been legalized in a range of countries, it should be authorized across the geographic spectrum since it has a potential to alleviate symptoms of a large number of diseases such as cancer, neuroses, sleep, and anxiety disorders, etc. as well as decrease crime and unemployment rates. The use of the cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic and cancer pain, as well as spasticity, has proved to be efficient in most cases because they affect those brain regions, which are responsible for pain perception (Farrell et al. 2). Besides, these chemicals improve appetite and help patients gain weight, and can be used for the treatment of anorexia and wasting syndrome (Farrell et al. 3). There are capsules and sprays with the cannabinoids in those countries, where marijuana is considered illegal and is controlled by the healthcare community. Nowadays researchers study the possibilities of oral, sublingual, and topical admini
Waste management has been an issue for even developed countries for a long time. Waste disposal is one of the core issues in this regard. Countries and organizations across the globe are working on new techniques and technologies to find out ways of proper waste and trash disposal. The disposal practices how ever differ for developing nations and developed nations or even between rural and urban areas of the same country. With the growth of the world economy the production of waste has also grown. Europe produces in 1995 used to produce more than 2.5 billion tons a year and ever day people of New York threw away trash around 26000 tons (UNEP, n/a). Now the figures have increased even more. People have become more environmentally and health wise conscious about problems related to waste and its proper management. No more can rivers be used as waste dumping sites or rubber is burnt to dispose it off. Common waste disposal techniques used are landfills which are areas where waste is buried in the ground and incineration which is combustion of waste. Techniques such as recycling or source reduction are not disposal methods. They are ways of making reducing the amount of disposable waste. Of course there are drawbacks related to each method of waste disposal. For example incineration causes global warming, green house gases and release of toxic chemicals etc. Landfill sites are a source of production of methane gas and other toxic chemical substances (Gibson & Mallon, p. 5). Landfill dumping also eats up available land space and cause direct environmental pollution. Improper disposal of waste does cause serious health problems. Proper disposal of garbage and trash is important to ensure safety from health hazards. A lot of consumer and industrial goods, including fuels, fertilizers, pesticides, paints, and household cleaning disinfectants, have dangerous substances. Inappropriate dumping of these materials leads to unanticipated releases of chemicals that are harmful to humans and environment. Open burning of tires produces noxious fumes. Diseases such as hepatitis, dysentery, typhoid, gastro intestinal problems etc and many other diseases are passed on from one person to another because of the fecal pollution of water and food caused by inappropriate dumping of human wastes. Ground water pollution causes contamination of drinking water. This ground water pollution is caused by improper disposal of sewage (Geophysics, p. 24). Correct sewage discarding means are extremely necessary to manage disease-causing bacteria, to eliminate crude materials, evade the chances of drinking water contamination and lessen obnoxious odors and unattractive appearance (Ship, p. 1). Improper disposal of
The term Yoga has been derived from the Sanskrit language. ‘Yoga’ literally means ‘to join together, and it actually works by joining the individual with his or her innermost, i.e., by bringing the working system of body and brain together. It is a system in which some simple exercises help in the physical and mental well-being of the individual. Breathing, i.e., circulation of air through the body, and consequently circulation of inadequate blood measure through different parts of the body, happens to be the mainstay of the healing process of Yoga. Pranayam, i.e. ‘controlled breathing’ is the term that describes the essence of Yoga. Stated to have been developed some 5 thousand years ago, Yoga has its origin in the Vedas, the oldest record of Indian culture[1]. Its mainstay is preparing the individual to recognize his or her potential. Deepak Chopra (2005), an internationally renowned Indian philosopher, says, “The first spiritual law of success is the Law of Pure Potentiality. This law is based on the fact that we are, in our essential state, pure consciousness. Pure consciousness is pure potentiality; it is the field of all possibilities and infinite creativity. Pure consciousness is our spiritual essence. Being infinite and unbounded is also pure joy. Other attributes of consciousness are pure knowledge, infinite silence, perfect balance, invincibility, simplicity, and bliss. This is our essential nature. Our essential nature is one of pure potentiality.” What is quite interesting to know is that Yoga provides a healing touch to the body without much effort or trouble in undertaking the yoga exercise. Running, brisk walking, skipping, etc., are some of the effective exercises which help in retaining a physically fit body, but Yoga, on the other hand, requires different parts of the body to be at ease, and the yoga exercises do not require lots of energy. But the healing process is time taking and requires adequate discipline on the part of the individual in food habits and an overall lifestyle. The book ‘Yoga Sutras’ written by the much revered Indian philosopher Patanjali is considered the bible of Yoga. The term ‘Sutras’ literally means short notes or formulas, which implies yoga sutra provides the simple ways to do Yoga. Yoga sutra describes a system composed of[2] Classical Yoga, Patanjali Yoga, Ashtanga (Eight-limbed) Yoga, and Raja Yoga. Air Circulation in the Body: The Key to Pranayam ‘Pran’ in the Hindi language means the soul, the one responsible for the life of a human being. According to Hindu belief, ‘Pran’ is the creation of god Brahma, the supreme king. The Yoga gurus say that[3] ‘The inherent quality of Pran is “Motion.” This quality of Pran is felt and experienced in Vayu (Air), which is always in motion.’ This air, when it enters the body in good measure, helps the body and all its organs to work effectively and efficiently. The Hindu way of life believes that a human body is composed of five essential elements, namely, Akasha (i.e., space of vacuity), Vayu (air), Agni (fire), Jala (water), and Prithvi (earth). Out of these five, the air is said
Introduction Armani, Burberry, Chanel, Christian Dior, Louis Vuiton, Gucci and Dolce & Gabanna, the iconic must-haves of the fashion world, all of these products signify wealth, high fashion, extravagance and of course the exclusivity of possession. Flaunted by actors and actresses, the wealthy and the entitled these products have come to be associated with being part of the fortuitous upper class of society and with it the accompanying glares and stares of the passerby as they note the ever present brand labels and realize the gap in stature between the observer and those being observed. Luxury brands normally comes at a higher price as compared to other products. Sometimes we find a certain attire being sold at a very exorbitant price just because it is of a certain brand. In spite of the high price, people still buy these products. Some even save to buy it while those who cannot afford can only wish that they could afford it. The supernormal price is normally associated with the brand that the attire bears. In other words, people are really buying the brand and not the product. This is despite the fact that luxury brands add no specific value apart from the perceptions of human beings. It offers psychological satisfaction. Luxurious brands are normally associated with the high-life which most people would want to experience. Celebrities too are normally considered to be at a higher social class. This is because their fans idolise them and consider them to be role models. This explains the important treatment they get whenever they visit some places. The thing about luxury brands is that when broken down into their basic components they are actually comprised of the same type of materials that can be found in other brands at less than a quarter of the price (Wilcox 2009). While brands such as Gucci and Louis Vuiton defend the quality of their products the fact remains that at times suppliers for luxury brands are also the same suppliers for other lesser known brands as well and the overall quality of what is being sent to each individual company is exactly the same. It is true that the designs produced by luxury brands exceed those of most other companies in the same type of business however if the type of material used is the same and the only difference is the design then if the design could be replicated and the same
Annotation Summary The scholars in this article were interested in determining the relevance of hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D supplementation for patients with cancer. According to scholars, there has been a controversy about the actual benefits of vitamin D to patients suffering from cancer. The scholars note that cancer is currently one of the leading causes of death in the world. What is more worrying is the fact that it is not yet clear what actually causes some types of cancer. Researchers all over the world have been working tirelessly to come up with measures that can be used to combat this problem. While others believe that some forms of vitamin D may help in fighting some form of cancer, others have contrary opinions. For instance, the sun is believed to be beneficial for the skin because it helps in the synthesis of vitamin D. however, the sun rays are widely believed to be one of the major causes of skin cancer. This contradiction makes it difficult to come up with conclusive information about the relevance of vitamin D in managing cancer. From their study, it was revealed that Hypovitaminosis D has a worse projection in some of the cancers. On the other hand, vitamin D supplementation did not demonstrate any benefit to patients suffering from prostate cancer. They concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of vitamin D for cancer patients in a clinical practice. Assessment In this systematic review, the researchers took an appropriate sample source to gather the relevant information. Their research is convincing because they viewed articles written by both the opponents and proponents of vitamin D in the fight against cancer. Reflection The study demonstrates that although vitamin D is an important nutrient to the body, there is a need to conduct further researches in order to validate its relevance in fighting cancer. Annotation Summary Vitamin D is known to be very important in immunomodulation. Recent studies reveal that it correlates with the development of MS (Multiple Sclerosis). There is an opinion among the medical experts tat vitamin D may influence activities of disease among the MS patients. In this systematic review paper, the researchers were interested in gathering evidences to determine the actual role of vitamin D in influencing the activities of disease in MS patients in order to make a recommendation on the therapeutic supplementation of this nutrient for MS patients. According to these researchers, there is a long path that needs to be taken in order to come up with comprehensive information about the relationship of vitamin D and disease activity among MS patients. Although they agree that this line of medication has a highly promising future, there is a common belief that a lot more ne
Scriptural authority and theological interpretation play a major role in understanding God’s word. Scriptural authority entails the degree to which Christians can consider the Mosaic Laws and dogmas within the Bible as commanding over anthropoids’ credence and behavior. Theological interpretation covers the procedure to biblical explication based on clear assumptions, queries, and concerns with the purpose of listening to God’s voice. The distinction between the Holy writ and theological presupposition should be well established to reduce human errors which might occur from Biblical interpretation. Truly, theological explanation of the ecclesiastical scriptures requires an understanding of God as the source of guidance. The distinction between scriptural authority and the theological interpretation of the scriptures is important in discerning the flaws of human beings as interpreters of God’s instructions. Entwistle (2015) admits that the Bible is commanding, but humans are liable to mistakes in their bid to interpret the Gospel. The Consecrated Scriptures further advance this argument that the Holy writ is Godly-inspired and its understanding must come from the Sacred Spirit. John the Apostle writes in the Gospel that in the beginning, the Word was with God, and it was God Himself ( King James Bible , 1769/2017, John 1:1). In addition, the Good Book talks of the scriptures as breathed by God, useful for teaching and rebuking in righteousness for the servants of God to be truly equipped for God’s good work ( King James Bible , 1769/2017, 2 Timothy 3:16-17). Accordingly, the enchiridion stands out as God’s order which requires divine exposition, and, thus, the distinction between the power of the word and interpretation is central. The separation of Holy writ authority and Christian interpretation of the Bible enables Christians to understand the truthfulness of the Gospel. Entwistle (2015) reaffirms that the Scripture is accurate in all the things It explains, and this cannot be equated to saying, It teaches truth in everything in every area. The Christian understanding of the word of God is presumably based on Biblical teachings, and that is why the Bible is regarded as the source of veracity. When Jesus is teaching his disciples, he is telling them that they shall know the truth and it will set them free ( King James Bible , 1769/2017, John 3:28). In essence, the areas of Biblical teachings are covered with verity and explanations, which are wholly crucial if viewed through the clear contradistinction of the authority of the scriptures and theological ex
The main model of corporate governance is an invention of developed nations, particularly the US and the UK. Ownership concentration, in conjunction with the absence of successful external governance practices, leads to regular conflicts involving dominating shareholders and their minority counterparts. This has resulted in the creation of a novel standpoint on organisational governance that centres on disagreements between different categories of principals in the corporation. The principal-principal (PP) approach of governance focusses on conflicts involving the dominating and minority shareholders in a corporation (Young et al ., 2008, p. 197). Publicly listed corporations in developing countries have boards of directors, proficient managers, and shareowners hence composing the tripod of contemporary organisational governance. Numerous governance approaches might assist in matching the interests of shareowners and those of the management. Such practices encompass internal and external mechanisms where the former includes concentrated ownership, executive reimbursement packages, and boards of directors while the latter encompasses the managerial labour market, product marketplace rivalry, and risk of takeover. The optimum occurrence of mechanisms implemented may be deemed a bundle or an ensemble and the specific practice’s success relies on the usefulness of the others. For instance, where a board of directors is relatively unproductive, a takeover attempt might be vital to remove a firmly established Chief Executive Officer. Conflicts often occur between the dominating shareholders and the divided minority shareowners (Young et al ., 2008, p. 205). The variation of the battlefronts occurs with the changing dynamics of organisational supremacy in PP struggles. For instance, controlling shareowners may decide the people to form the board of directors as a way of nullifying the panel’s ability to oversee them. An appeal to the courts for the failure of the board to value the interests of minority shareowners is often limited. The major internal governance approach in developed nations is the boards of directors irrespective of their being intricate formations that necessitate official and informal corporate support to function as planned. Since boards of directors in developing countries lack organisational support, they have a low likelihood of undertaking a strong governance and supervision role. The independence of boards of directors from founding families have a positive influence on the success of an organisation. Family owners might deprive the organisation of its resources or assign executive positions to incompetent relatives. Sibling competition, generational resentment, compensation that is not based on merit, and unreasonable tactical decisions may ruin the reputation and success of such an organisation (Young et al ., 2008, p. 210). There is typically a lack of transparency in the operations of boards of directors and the management in family-owned corporations attributable to the nonconformity to public disclosure