ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The history of Australia and its architecture are closely interconnected, showing a similarity in events and tendencies exhibited by the majority of movements. The colonial past of the country presupposed the influence that the United Kingdom had on the state’s early construction projects. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Australia’s economy was beginning to stabilise, giving the country a reason for improving its cities. However, the British architectural firms that had their offices in Australia were reluctant to supply the developing country with similar attention to quality and detail that was expected of them in the UK. 1 The resources were delivered to Australia rather than produced there, further delaying its speed of innovation. 2 With the beginning of World War I, the country’s prospects of building a new capital were changed and stalled, leaving the country’s architecture in a suspended state for several years. 3 The urban nature of Australia, however, quickly returned the interest for city planning to creators. The architecture of Melbourne, one of the most populous cities in the state, also saw many architects and movements throughout the years, combining both old and new styles and mainstream and rebellious tendencies. While the modernist movement brought many skyscrapers into the city, Melbourne managed to preserve buildings distinctly different from the constructions made primarily from metal and glass. In the comparison of international modernism, represented by many mainstream tendencies and the pluralism of cultures and visions seen in a variety of styles from Victorian architecture to art deco, multiple architects can be mentioned. First of all, the contribution of Walter Burley and Marion Mahony Griffin, first, to the design of Canberra, then, to the architecture of Melbourne, cannot be overlooked. The duo of American architects created a number of buildings that remain a part of the city to this day, including the Newman College and the Capitol Theatre. Second, the works of Kevin Borland who moved from the International Modernist style to Brutalism also need to be mentioned. Finally, the contribution of the architectural firm Edmond and Corrigan and its originators to the city’s national identity is also significant to the appearance of Melbourne. These creators, while designing buildings and plans in different styles and adhering to a variety of movements, have one characteristic in common. Their approach to the national and regional identity and the search for a more organic alliance between Melbourne’s culture, history, nature, and urban life separate their buildings from the mainstream architecture of the city. The Griffins At the beginning of the twentieth century, Walter Burley and Marion Mahony Griffin came to Australia from the United States to work on the future capital of the country, Canberra. 4 Their winning contribution to th
Performance appraisal is necessary for the functioning of each organization since it helps the employees understand the main strategies of the company and contribute to the fulfillment of its objectives. Creating good measures of team performance is difficult but not impossible (Brannick, Salas and Prince 15), and just like any activity of this kind it is going to take time and effort, but it will be rewarding without any doubt. One way of doing this is to involve the team itself (Denhardt, R., Denhardt, J. V and Aristigueta 309) with the purpose of giving and receiving feedback from each employee. Performance appraisal of a health care team is even more important due to the fact that “doctors have traditionally not been trained in giving and receiving feedback about performance” (Bhugra and Bell 291). Over the years the scholars disputed which method of evaluating team performance is better, but most of the managers keep to the point that 360-degree appraisal is one of the most efficient. It is necessary to thoroughly consider this method of performance measurement in order to justify its application for evaluating the performance of the health care team. To begin with, it is relevant to clarify the notion of the 360-degree appraisal. This kind of appraisal is all about “an assessment of the individual’s performance at the end of the year or any other performance period by himself, his subordinates (direct reports), colleagues, boss (or other seniors with whom he has a reporting relationship), and external customers if any” (Rao 242), which means that the employee is evaluated “by all who have contact: supervisors, peers, clients, and the public” (Manatt 8). However, a 360-degree appraisal may focus not only on the employees but on the manager or customer as well. The key role of the appraisal lies on the manager who, after customers’ and employees’ filling a specially-designed questionnaire, evaluates the obtained data “interpreting the feedback and shaping employee development” (Jackson and Greller 18). In general, a 360-degree appraisal helps “to promote teamwork, employee involvement, and other TQM principles” (Pollack 507) since, due to its anonymity, it allows obtaining honest opinions. What else should be mentioned, is that certain problems may be faced when selecting participants of the 360-degree appraisal. The healthcare team usually involves a member of low statuses, for insta
Introduction The field of health care has gradually become a replete of international interests with professionals and affiliate members of this sector increasingly enhancing the literature in the health care sector. Several terminologies and concepts have emerged as crucial aspects in the health care field with each of them carrying an important message (Bertuglia & Vaio, 2005). Currently, contrary to the traditional practices where medical departments had little knowledge on public health research, much has changed with healthcare research practices guided cognitively, rationally, and factually providing essential facts to public health. In this context, according to Resnicow and Scott (2008), health behavior change in the current system is becoming understandable “through the lens of chaos theory and complex adaptive systems” (p. 1382). Through the constantly changing paradigms in the health care sector, complexity and chaos are two essential terminologies that have increasingly become paramount in public health vocabulary. This essay seeks to provide comparative literature on complicated, chaos, and complexity as important expressions in the health care system. Overview of these terminologies The three terminologies, viz. complicated, chaos, and complexity, which carry different concepts in the field of Medicare, are equally core features of the health systems. Complicated is a terminology resulting from situational analysis in the health care science useful in explaining how the natural appearance of biological beings remains unprecedented (Bertuglia & Vaio, 2005). Complexity also carries a similar message broadening on the uniqueness of the natural state of biological, chemical, and mathematical science. According to (Sweeney & Griffiths, 2002), the complexity model perceives systems as dynamic in the sense that they change with time in a way that is dependent on previous circumstances. Chaos on the other hand is a health care terminology and a subset of complexity science that describes the complicated random behavior from diverse agents due to either time of great change or crisis (Sweeney & Griffiths, 2002). However, the terms remain unknown to many people even those in the field of health care. Similarities Despite having different definitions in their meanings, the three terminologies possess some similarities in their dynamism in the health care system. Similarly, “both chaotic and complex systems form real examples of nonlinear dynamical systems” (Pearce & Merletti, 2006, p. 517). Both complex and chaotic systems are nonlinear and have feedback loops in the sense that small changes can possess significant striking effects that one cannot understand simply by analyzing each component individually. Bertuglia and Vaio (2005) posit that under the nonlinearity condition, they are both sensitive to initial conditions where two similar states together can initially follow different directions over time. Within the health care field, Resnicow and Scott (2008) find the two principles indispensable in under
Executive Summary This report is a study of an Australian construction project known as Sydney Light Rail Construction and Extension. The project costs around US$ 100 million. It is a continuing project which is highly manageable. This project has been shown to be specifically risky in terms of safety. Risk management is therefore predominantly applicable for this project with special techniques and education being established for risk management. The project stakeholders relevant to this project are the contractors. The methodological approaches used in risk management in this project are risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, risk treatment, risk management and control. The main safety risks identified on this project include site condition risks, fire outbreaks, wars leading to disputes, earth quakes, tsunamis, whirlwinds, low management capabilities of contractors, price increase of raw materials, environmental risks, accidents, water availability, contraction of major water pump components, lack of training, difficulties in capturing and stipulating the construction requirements and poor relationships between the incorporated organizations incorporated. The report focuses on coming up with a detailed Safety Management Plan. It will clearly identify the specific safety risks and requirements of this project excluding other risk variables. The risks will be controlled through arranging risk management duties, actions and financial plans. A risk officer who in most cases is a team member will be assigned the duty of managing safety risks in this project. He will be kept responsible of predicting possible project problems. A live project risk record will be maintained. In this record, each risk will have elements such as the opening date, name, a short explanation, probability and significance. A risk reporting means will be created whereby each project member will be endowed with the task of reporting risks he foresees. Mitigation plans for risks that are to be controlled will be prepared. Finally, planned and met threats, efficiency of the control activities and attempts made for risk management will be summarized. Introduction Sydney Metro Light Rail Construction and Extension is a construction project in Australia. It was opened in 1998 and is owned by Metro Transport Sydney. It is managed by Connex which is a principal transport operator in Australia on an agreement of seven years. It has a route length of 7.2 km (4.5 miles). This project came to Australia with the opening of the present tramway from the central station to the town area of paramount (Bent, Nils and Werner 2003). This project has shown high growth with the pronouncement meant on 2008 that geotechnical explorations that are very important in constructing its tunnels had begun. The late South Wales regime has instigated a number of key transport
Introduction The summary of the article An Improved Model of Induction Motors for Diagnosis Purposes – Slot Skewing Effect and Air–Gap Eccentricity Faults by Ghoggal, Zouzou, Razik, Sahraoui, and Khezzar in the journal Energy Conversion and Management will be presented in this paper. This paper will seek to provide a succinct summary of the key constructs of this research journal. This paper offers a description of an improved method for modeling of axial and radial eccentricities in IM taking into account that induction motors remain a major concern in the engineering and related fields. The reasons that deal with the approach of new and improved description are clearly pointed out in this research paper. First of all, there is a need to improve levels of reliability in IM. Secondly, engineers in all the fields grapple with a problem to improve operational safety and reduce costs in production. The authors posit that these objectives can be only achieved by acquiring the capacity to detect upcoming abnormalities. as a matter of fact, this article proposes a number of new features of sensor signals that have the capacity to detect faults and provide online protection of IM. The differentiating factor in this proposed model of improved IM is that most of the works devoted to the detection of faults are related to the current harmonics derive equations from the winding function approach (WFA). However, this theory is an extension of WFA to MWFA which encompasses radial eccentricity modeling. The authors support the works of other researchers in providing additional benefits from the improved IM. According to Goggle et al (1336), this approach “was found powerful because of its ability to consider, jointly or separately, the opening and skewing of the slots, the magnetic saturation, and the flux distortion due to the air–gap permeance effect with a relatively small computational time.” Background There is a general abidance in the fact that quite a few studies have incorporated MWFA in radial eccentricity modeling. In adopting static, dynamic, and mixed eccentricity, this model proves the need for p-harmonic in delivery of better results. A great deal of literature fail to incorporate “the case of dynamic and mixed axial eccentricity, the inductance plots and the associated transient behaviors of the motor” (Ghoggal, Zouzou, Razik, Sahraoui, and Khezzar 1337). Precise geometrical models must be used for extra terms of expansion of inverse of air-gap function given on the understanding that IM has a large number of poles. The successful achievement of these two objectives forms the main purposes of this research study. Transient Model of the IM When making use of the assumptions that permeance of the iron is infinite, there are no inter-bar currents and winding losses, eddy currents and corps saturation are negligible. The authors argue that voltage and mechanical equations of the loaded IM in the case of a triple phase stator winding can be establi
Introduction Dennis has lived in Africa since birth has a welding and body workshop in Nairobi at a place called Kibera. He is 35 years of age and has been doing his job for the last 10 years. His job is so onerous and committing requiring him to open his workshop at 6am in the morning and close it at 9pm in the evening. His job involves him in lifting, carrying, cutting and welding heavy metals and vehicle parts. Family Configuration Dennis’ wife Maurine works as a second-hand clothes vendor at the local flea market. Their family consists of five children, two older sons, two daughters and a last born son. Two of his children are in the university, while the younger ones are in secondary and primary schools. The eldest son is studying law and is sponsored by the government while the other is a self-sponsored student studying actuarial science. The elder daughter is in high school while the others are in primary school. The family lives in a rental house in which both parents have to contribute to the rent each month. The youngest daughter in primary school suffers from diabetes and is under medication as authorized by the doctor. Family Medical and Health Practices Maurine is the only person who has ever gone for medical checkups in the family. The rest including Dennis they have never seen a physician to receive a medical check-up. After undergoing medical check-up 8 months ago, Maurine was diagnosed with low blood pressure but she opted not to share the information with her family. Dennis on this other hand has never had a chance to go for a medical check-up due to the demanding nature of his job. He normally prefers over the counter (OTC) medication whenever he falls ill. This has prevented him from taking his children and wife to the doctor for checkups, preferring prescriptions from the local chemist whenever any of them fall ill. Besides this, Dennis is a frequent and heavy drinker, drinking a lot late in the night after work and also during the weekend. This behaviour displeases his family because of the financial and emotional losses it has imposed on them. Lately, Dennis has been complaining of stomach pains, nausea and loss of appetite. Over the past 12 days, Dennis has also exhibited noticeable precursors to speech impairment such as stuttering and a hoarse voice. Amidst all this however, nothing has compelled him to seek medical assistance. Physical and Dietary Requirements A person undergoing the same experience to that of Dennis has to undertake health promotion activities and orient the solutions towards the risk factors. One of the most important requirements is to engage in physical activities or exercise. Physical activities can be performed alone or even together with other family members. The activities include running, walking, weight lifting and other physical exercises. Physical activity is vital in reducing body cholesterol hence reducing the risk of hypercholesterolemia. 1 Physical exercises also reduce the risk of developing lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseas
The Old Pump Design The ancient pump was designed to have a low-speed all-welded impeller with the suction bell trimmed so as to fit into the undersized pump. It also had a lightweight pump column that comprised of thin welded carbon steel plates. In order to provide resistance to erosion, Dent notes that the bearings were made of very hard carbides. It is also seen pump had a long unsupported shaft making its design and shape look very inferior. However, with time, modifications were made in a bid to correct the inefficiencies of the pump. The Original Sump Design The sump dimensions of the original pump were not in accordance with the Hydraulic Institute Standard recommendations. This was concluded to be because of the many vortices that were generated as a result of the hindrance in the flow of water due to the shape defect. The many defects in the sump design called for modifications so as to improve its performance as Dent suggests. The Program to Correct The System In a bid to correct the problem of the pump it is noted that a program was developed to review the entire circulating water system. The first correction was that of replacement with a titanium condenser that had a higher tube velocity alongside other pump modifications. Despite the many options such as the dual-speed pumps, variable pitch propellers and variable speed each of the options was weighed in terms of their pros and cons before settling on the best. Pump Design Features According to Dent, the new modifications resulted in different designs although there were similarities. For instance, the variable pump design closely resembled the single-speed pump with the only difference being the low-speed bearings of the latter. Nevertheless, the new pumps were made of cast aluminum bronze which was made into three sections bolted together. Their water supply was improved as bearings were of rubber and water lubricated. The New Pump Design The new pump had a modified sump which had a flat bottom under the suction bell, curtains, and comer filters all of which were to stabilize and improve the water flow. The Impact on Condenser and Turbine Although the modification improved the functioning of the pump, it can be seen that the excessive temperature reduction resulted in efficiency loss. Dent suggested that this shortcoming could be corrected by lowering the speed of the pump. However, Dent notes that before any corrective measure is taken, it is important to determine the type of fouling used.
Introduction Woodmere Products is a large manufacturer of window furnishing that has a long history of successful operation, but now is facing a period of stagnation. The company is given a proposal from Home Help, a big box store chain, that wants to use time-based logistics to provide high-quality and low-cost services. The goal of this paper is to study the challenges of time-based logistics by taking a close look at the business models of Woodmere Products and Home Help and the details of their possible cooperation. Benefits and Barriers for Woodmere Products Woodmere Products has been working in the market for a long time and has a good reputation, but the declining position of their major customer negatively influences the current situation in the company leading it to stagnation. The main proposition for the company regarding the possibility of cooperation with Home Help is the advancement of the firm through the embracement of new approaches to logistics and production. In order to work with Home Help, Woodmere Products will need to significantly reorganize its business structure. One of the main barriers that come with this change is the difficulties associated with reducing the amount of time it takes to respond to new orders and manufacture goods. If they can upgrade their production process to meet the requirements, it will bring them new opportunities for growth. The company should accept the offer because it creates a possibility to avoid stagnation and a chance for modernization of the firm. Reorganization of Woodmere Products Home Help would like to get products within a period of time as short as 48 hours, which, given a wide range of product with a substantial amount of variation will require a high level of flexibility in the production process. It means that the production lines of Woodmere Products are faced with a necessity to be ready to rapidly respond to new orders and manufacture the ordered good almost immediately after receiving the information about it. Moreover, given a large variety of products that Home Help sells to its customer, Woodmere Products will have to switch among types of products with a constant need to be able to add variations to them. The company will be required to manufacture a big number of versions of goods in relatively small batches depending on the particular order they receive, which will make long-term planning and mass production much more difficult. It will also require to store a large number of materials of different types, so the production lines do not need to wait for the delivery and can start to work right away. Benefits and Barriers for Home Help For Home Help, the agreement with a major player in the market brings the proposition of further reducing inventories and development of a centralized time-based logistic system, but there are also some challenges. Choosing to work with one large manufacturer will bring about the need to deliver goods from Woodmere Products production sites to all location