ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human communication involves interaction between or among people. Various types of human communication include interpersonal, public, intrapersonal, and intercultural. This paper addresses three questions dealing with human communication. Relationship deterioration refers to the stage in interpersonal communication when the bonds holding people together weaken (Pearson et al., 2006, p.99). At this point, both parties in the relationship are unhappy with the current state of affairs. The causes of relationship deterioration include having unrealistic expectations from the relationship. Financial difficulties, work-related problems and third party relationships are also among the causes of relationship deterioration. Circumscribing is the stage in relationship deterioration characterized by decreased interaction, shorter time together and less depth to sharing. At this stage, a couple may appear normal from the outside, but communication between the couple is minimal. The couple tends to avoid certain topics of discussion considering them as a taboo. The coupe hardly co
Features of a good waiting process Managing service operations has become very important in attracting and retaining customers as can be evidenced at Dr. X’s health care facility. Although client F was dissatisfied with the treatment she received at the facility, there are still some good features of the waiting process evident in the case study. First, the management employs a receptionist to receive customers and give them directions on what to do. She offers relevant information to customers and helps customers to book appointments with Dr. X. The receptionist is also responsible for rescheduling appointments while clients wait for Dr. X at the waiting room. Secondly, the management provides a waiting room and seats for clients to relax while waiting for services. The room is described as comfortable, has attractive artwork decorations and trailing plants resting on a shelf. This makes patients and other clients visiting this facility to feel relaxed. The waiting room is cool and clients can even read various literature materials as they wait to receive services. This makes Mrs. F to be calm and wait patiently for her turn to be served. Features of bad waiting process at the facility The most evident bad feature is the poor treatment of clients attending the facility. First, the receptionist does not welcome clients and ignores their presence. The receptionist does not acknowledge the presence of Mrs. F and does not even bother to ask why she has come at the facility or whether she has an appointment, or not. Secondly, the receptionist and other staff in the examination rooms do not explain to Mrs. F and other clients how long they have had to wait to be attended to. They do not also update them on any changes regarding their schedule or the availability of Dr. X. Mrs. F sat at the facility’s waiting room for 40 minutes before she finally decided to ask why she was not being attended to. This is despite the fact that she had come earlier than the time scheduled for the appointment. Mrs. F receives her first attention an hour after her arrival, but is again forced to wait in vain for about two hours without receiving any attention. Thirdly, the receptionist has a bad attitude towards customers and is not polite at all. She answers clients’ coldly and sometimes, rudely. This same attitude is also manifested by the other staff in the facility. For example, Mrs. F notes that Ms. SP2 replied to her rudely and later commands her to wait. This means that the staff at Dr. X’s facility lack courtesy and do not believe that the facility’s clients deserve to be accorded the highest level of priority. Finally, the waiting process is characterized by preferential treatment of clients. The receptionist and Ms. SP2 give Jack the first priority to meet Dr. X even though he arrived after Mrs. F. This is real favoritism since all those whose names appeared ahead of Mrs. F had been cancelled, meaning that Jack did not have an earlier appointment; he was only lucky to know the staff at the facility. Jack is received warmly by the receptionist and Ms. SP2, and is not given any time limit for staying with Dr. X to allow for
Overview One of the foremost obstacles on the way of ensuring the proper functioning of a work-team has been traditionally considered the fact that the notions of ‘team’ and ‘conflict’ are practically inseparable – at least, for as long as the opinions of the general public are concerned. Hence, the rationale for writing this paper – it aims to gather some discursive insights into what both notions stand for, and into what can be deemed the qualitative essence of the interrelationship between them. The ‘Background’ part of the paper establishes the actual rationale behind the idea that the chosen topic (Teams and conflict) represents the thoroughly legitimate subject of empirical inquiry. The sub-chapters main claim is that it is specifically the managerial demand to guarantee the synergistic integrity of work-teams, as the basic prerequisite for their effectiveness, which calls for more research to be conducted on the topic. The ‘Learnings’ sub-chapter outlines some of the obtained findings, on how different authors conceptualize the triggering-factors behind the outbreak of intra-team conflicts and elaborates on the qualitative aspects of team-formation. The concerning part of the paper describes some of the most widely used conflict-management techniques and endorses the idea that the successful approaches to addressing intra-team conflicts must be highly systemic. The ‘Summary and Implementation’ part of the paper provides the condensed overview of the outlined learnings and specifies what may be deemed the practical implications of the conducted research. Background Nowadays, it represents a well-established fact that for managers to be considered professionally adequate, they must be aware of account for the effects of conflict on the functional integrity of a team. They must also be able to understand what amount to the issue’s practical implications. The reason for this is quite apparent – there are many objective motives to believe that, as time goes on, it is namely one’s ability to resolve conflicts in teams, which will be deemed increasingly reflective of his or her value, as a manager. This simply could not otherwise – the very realities of a post-industrial living presuppose that there is a positive relationship between the varying measure of a particular organization’s affiliation with the concept of ‘teamwork’, on one hand, and its ability to remain competitive, on the other. After all, it has now been well established that when working as a team, employees can generate more ‘surplus value’, as compared to what it would have been the case had they continued to address their professional responsibilities autonomously. The explanation of this seeming phenomenon has to do with the fact that, within the team-framework, the performance of each worker begins to represent a clearly defined synergistic value, which in turn increases the quality and quantity of whatever happened to be the organization’s output
Abstract The Kichwa (often spelt as “Quichua”) language was first spoken by the Native Americans of the South, but it has since spread far and wide. It originated as a result of a mixture of different languages of the local population after foreign intervention into the indigenous culture. Kichwa is most widely used in Ecuador and Andes Highlands. It was estimated that by the year 2007 a total of 10 million people were speaking the Kichwa language (Kathya & Maria, 2007). This language has resisted all forces to diminish it and fade away. Unlike most local languages that get corrupted once there is an intervention by other foreign languages that come as a result of civilization, Kichwa has kept it original. Thanks to its indigenous speakers that value to preserve their culture, especially their language. Apart from Ecuador and Andes, other countries that now speak the language include: – Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Columbia, Mexico, Argentina and Chile. This makes it the most widely spoken language of all the American Indian languages. This research will try to highlight some of the factors that have made the Kichwa language to spread and flourish to this extent. How the Kichwa language has Survived We have determined that the Kichwa language is not an original language but came as a result of a mixture of several other languages. But once it was made to be, the people decided to keep it. The three ethnic groups in Ecuador, that is, the Mestizos, Amerindian natives and Afro-Ecuadorians) vowed to keep their culture, religion and custom against all odds. This is what has seen the Kichwa language overcome so many barriers up to date. This is evident in the way it has gone against all odds to spread than otherwise be diluted. These native ethnic groups resisted any move by the foreigners to erode their “pure” culture at the wake of industrialization period. In addition to the language, they also kept their ground on clothing which stands out as very unique. Their clothing too has been used to identify them. To help in the fight to keep their culture un-tainted, several groups have emerged and are advocating so hard on the people to retain their language. One such group is the “Condor Huasi” which means House of Condor. They are out to help retain the originality of their culture and ensure that history remains the same. The Condor Huasi is a group of women that see themselves as wholly responsible for the continuity of the cultural practices in the current generation as well as that of the future. These women view themselves as “The basis of life, Strategists, Motivators and the sole transmitters of cultural identity”. Women are the initial persons that get in touch with the young, who are the
Introduction Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell (2008) discuss that organizations are shifting from “legally based compliance initiatives in organizations to cultural initiatives that make ethics a part of core organizational values” (p. 10). This means that firms are changing from need to enforce ethical standards to motivating workers to make ethical codes their habitual behavior. However, legal action is still necessary where employees fail to act in an ethical manner. Structure of the consultant organization The consultant consists of 15 members according to the above structure. The consultant sections can decide to give a member specific areas to tackle. All members meet once a week to update on matters that are arising, and finding solutions to challenges. Ethical codes and standards Ethical standards require that organizations acknowledge their contributors. The agreements between the donors and the organization should be written, and adhered to. Some donors may prefer being anonymous to prevent further solicitation from other organizations (Ethics in Fundraising, 2013). Some companies may have a business motive when funding nonprofit organizations. They use it as a marketing strategy. The nonprofit organizations may refuse funds from firms that associate funding with marketing their brands. They can recommend that the anonymity of the donor be used. Nonprofit organizations will have the freedom to solicit funds from private firms to increase their areas of service. It is unethical to pay fundraisers a percentage of the funds raised. Nonprofit organizations are encouraged to adopt the Donors’ Bill of Rights drafted by the Association for Fundraising Professionals (Ethics in Fundraising, 2013). Ethical standards require that that those with a conflict of interest with the organization to reveal that interest. They should withdraw from voting on any matters that are associated with their area of interest. Staff members are encouraged to discuss how to solve conflicts of interest (Conflict of Interest, 2013). The best ethical practices will require non-profit organizations to gradually adopt the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. It requires that organizations have an independent audit committee or hire an independent financial expert to carry out auditing. It has clauses about whistle-blower protection among others (Ostrower & Bobowick, 2006). There is a need to retain official documents for a period in which a lawsuit can be brought forward regarding the conduct of the nonprofit organization (Document Retention Policies, 2013). The public should be allowed access to relevant documents about “meeting agendas and descriptions of significant decisions” (Transparency and Accountability, 2013 para. 3). Nonprofit organizations should adopt a mechanism that avoids providing services that are already catered for by other organizations. The provision of services should comply with fairness and equity practices. Monitoring, auditing, and reporting misconduct The firm’s auditing procedure will seek to answer the questions put forward by Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell (2008, p. 181) a
Higher education has reached the connected age, and it is experiencing rapid changes in the US. Currently, the US holds position 16 th based on the highest national college completion rate ranking globally. Consequently, President Barack Obama had challenged the US to attain the first position by the year 2020. Higher education, however, experiences myriads of issues concerning student success, costs, and access. Stakeholders must address these challenges within the next few years for the US to make significant improvements in the national completion rates. These multiple challenges need deeper analysis and comprehension of available data on higher education to guide decision-making and policy formulation for effective responses. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how analytics can be used to support critical higher education outcomes. Analytics has been defined as the “use of data, statistical analysis and explanatory and predictive models to gain insights and act on complex issues” (Grajek, 2013). There are specific functional areas in higher education that analytics and prediction can be applied to support outcomes. Analytics, for instance, can be applied in critical areas such as finance and budgeting, enrollment, instructional and student progress management among others (Mattingly, Rice, & Berge, 2012). Higher education stakeholders are keen on adopting analytics to enhance achievements and scholarship. Institutions of higher learning have thrived on thorough analysis and evidence-based outcomes to support their progress. Today, however, evidence suggests that higher education has slowly responded to the use of analytics for decision-making in strategic areas relative to other sectors (Grajek, 2013). On this note, higher education must change its practices, focus on emerging technologies and adopt best business practices to promote scholarship. By considering the ongoing changes in innovation and technologies, only best practices would ensure that higher education in the US remains competitive, promotes scholarship, and still manages to maintain a culture of performance excellence. In this regard, the focus should be on ensuring affordability, effective use of data, and formulating new policies to promote data culture and data-driven decision-making. Available evidence demonstrates that institutions of higher learning that have adopted analytics in their operations have realized improved results (Grajek, 2013). They have good data culture and ask relevant questions during decision-making processes. This evidence is also found in non-governmental business pra
Spanglish (2004) is a romantic comedy starring Adam Sandler, Téa Leoni, and Paz Vega. This film is worth seeing not for an outstanding plot or a beautiful love story, but for portraying the process of assimilation of a young Mexican woman, Flor, who came to the United States to seek a better life for her little daughter, Christina after her husband left them. Flor gets a job as a nanny in the family of John and Deborah, even though she does not know a single word in English. It is the starting point of her journey that will turn her family’s life upside down (Monson). This film raises some significant issues concerning the lives of immigrants from Mexico. For example, the movie starts with Christina’s words that her mother wanted her to embrace the Mexican culture to the maximum possible extent. That is why they stayed in Mexico as long as Flor could make their living. Even when they move to the United States, they live in a Mexican district of the city and speak only Spanish at home. Christina has learned English, but Flor does not have time to follow her daughter’s example or maybe she is too stubborn to assimilate and wants to preserve her Mexican roots. It can be said that Flor believes that “the Spanish language is part of [Mexican] culture which should not be tampered with” (Salazar 138). If it were not for her feelings to John, I doubt that she would have decided to learn English. Unlike Flor, her daughter desires to assimilate. As Flor and Christina started living with Clasky’s family during summer, Christina uses English in everyday life more frequently and demonstrates the desire to embrace the American culture. She even wants to attend the school Clasky’s daughter goes to. Flor becomes involved in an intercultural conflict (Paredes 145), which can be familiar not only to those living along the state borders but also to people sharing home with the representatives of other cultures. Moreover, it does not necessarily have to spiral into violence. As Deborah caters Christina taking her for walks, dying her hair, and winning her to a scholarship at a private school, Flor does not like it. I believe that if Deborah spoke Spanish or took Christina to eat tacos, this problem would not emerge. What bothered Flor was that her daughter was forgetting her roots that turned into the emotional conflict between two women. Recollect the scene where Flor races Deborah. Christina, on the other hand, experiences problems of identity (Paredes 143). She is shown the new world that she likes and wants to become a part of and forgets about her mother and culture. Think of the evening when Christina chooses to stay with her American friends and watch TV instead of spending it with her mother’s friends from Mexico. Moreover, recall the final scene when she acknowledges that she uses the American type of fighting with her mom in front of people in the street and American
The United States is a world leader. America for a long time has been an example of how a stable democracy can help people become whatever they want. Some people associate the United States with the famous people they have heard or the movies they have watched about America. Times have changed and the position of America as a superpower in the world has changed with the rise of countries such as China. The once revered superpower has lost its glory and authority as the prefect of the world because of the events in and outside the country such as wars and the fight against terrorism. The first criticism against the United States is its involvement in wars in other countries such as in Iraq and Afghanistan. The invasion of the United States in Iraq was alleged on the presence of weapons of mass destruction, but they were never found. The war ravaged Iraq and until today the country has not stabilized to date (Atwood 512). Similarly, Afghanistan was invaded by America after the attack on the American soil in 2001. The invasions painted American in a negative light. Therefore, American needs to think hard and long before going to war because war only brings suffering both to citizens who die innocently, and the family of soldiers that die hence denying them the right of life (Barnett 1). Besides, the threat of terrorism has led to a general discrimination and hatred for non-Americans living in The United States. The hatred has led to murder of some people who are not American by birth in the name of patriotism (Kingsolver 549). Patriotism should not be taken to mean war or intolerance of other people just because they are different. On the contrary, Americans should unite and love one another under the symbol of the flag, and become a good example to the world of a country that gives an equal opportunity to all people and embraces them. United States can reclaim its lost glory in the world by fighting the homophobia, sexism, bigotry and violence among others that is rampant today. Doing so will give the people from different backgrounds living in American the chance to enjoy the rights in the Declaration of Independence such as life that is alienable (Jefferson 493). Furthermore, the threat of terrorism has led to a decreased level of privacy for Americans as their emails, private records, and homes can be searched even without their knowledge. The right to privacy that is enshrined in the constitution is clearly denied in many instances because America has become fearful and that is not a good picture to show the world. The United States needs to change the way it handles the threat of terrorism vis-à-vis the right of privacy of its citizens. The people should be allowed to live their lives freely and pursue happiness as stated in the Declaration of Independence (Jefferson 493). Moreover, the government should not be the one violating human their rights. Moreover, America needs to change its consumption culture. The cu
Introduction There is a small town in Poland called Miejsce Odrzanskie, where no boys were born for approximately 15 years. Throughout that time, 12 girls were born in that village with 343 inhabitants. The story quickly traveled around the world, and a large number of theories and debates developed around it. Modern genetics is a rapidly advancing science with new findings emerging constantly. However, humanity still knows very little about the factors that may influence a child’s sex. Therefore, it may be critical to utilize every opportunity in order to broaden the knowledge regarding such an unstudied field. Even though a significant number of studies were conducted, results are frequently inconsistent and contradict each other. Nonetheless, there are several limitations, which may considerably decrease the scientific value of the above-mentioned phenomenon. Potential Value of the Phenomenon On the one hand, even though the case dragged a significant amount of attention worldwide and became a highly debatable topic, its scientific value may be questionable. The main limitation of any studies related to Miejsce Odrzanskie is a relatively small population. Studies that rely on small samples may provide inconsistent results and have no statistical value. There were only 12 consecutive female births in the town. Even though it may seem to be a significant number with a low probability for such a small village, it does not appear as impossible in terms of the global population. The chance that all children in a randomly selected sample of 12 newborns would have the same sex is 1 in 4096. It is a relatively low probability on the scale of a small village, yet it is big enough to occur frequently. The number of children born every day may differ considerably from one source to another. Nevertheless, in most cases, these numbers are close to 300,000, which means that 12 consecutive births of same-sex children occur approximately 73 times every day. It may not be rational to call an event that occurs with such a significant rate a statistical abnormality. On the other hand, as already mentioned, it may be vital to use every opportunity to provide further research on the topic. Therefore, the phenomenon may contain sufficient scientific value to be studied. It may be beneficial to investigate different specific factors, including local ecology, unique traditions or daily routine activities, and maternal nutrition. The interrelation between such factors and the child’s sex is frequently investigated, yet collected data is inconsistent and hence, unreliable. However, it ma