ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Citation Phillips, Barbara J. and Edward F. McQuarrie. “Narrative and Persuasion in Fashion Advertising.” Journal of Consumer Research . 37.3 (2010): 368-392. Communication & Mass Media Complete . Web. Summary These authors analyse fashion advertisements to demonstrate how narrative transportation can be used to persuade consumers in the fashion industry. Narrative transportation is “the act of being transported into a story world as a result of becoming involved in a tale” (Phillips & McQuarrie 368). The main argument is that advertising practitioners use an advertising imagery labelled the grotesque to generate narrative transportation for fashion consumers and also to assist in overcoming consumer resistance through fostering a more powerful experience of fashion brands. The authors draw from many theories (e.g., theories of brand experience, consumer culture theory, elaboration likelihood model, aesthetic theory) and fashion practitioners (e.g., Bottega Veneta, Michael Kors, Dolce & Gabbana, Jimmy Choo) to demonstrate that a multiplicity of fashion advertisements contain components that allow consumers to perform a narrative. A substantial number of advertisements contain narrative imagery with an element of grotesque which acts to provide consumers with a more powerful and sustained experience of the brand that occasioned it, hence igniting compulsive purchase decisions due to the ensuing positive outcomes arising from the powerful experience (Phillips & McQuarrie 380). Upon employing an interview methodology associated with consumer culture theory and interpretivist perspectives, the authors found that most fashion consumers variously engage advertisements to act (consumer oriented to the product rather than its advertisement), identify (consumer tries on and negotiates identities as depicted in the advertisement), feel (consumer approaches fashion images primarily to regulate mood or to obtain a desired emotional response), transport (consumer oriented towards the narrative complexity of the images offered in each advertisement), or immerse (consumer approaches fashion images primarily to regulate mood or to obtain a desired emotional response) (Phillips & McQuarrie 384-387). Key Quotations “The concept of advertising engagement is intended to open up a space for identifying routes to the persuasion of consumers” (Phillips & McQuarrie 370). This statement shows that the major objective of adverti
Employment legislation plays a significant role in any country’s economy and its people’s well-being. In the USA, one of the hottest debates associated with work policies is the adoption of right-to-work (RTW) laws. While some states implemented them decades ago, others only joined the trend recently, and some are still resistant. The paper suggests an overview of RTW laws history as well as its current implications and prospects. The History of Right-to-Work Laws The history of RTW laws may be traced back to 1935 when President Franklin Roosevelt signed the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) (Kogan, 2016). According to that act, employees were allowed to organize with the goal of collective bargaining and defending their interests. In nearly a decade of the law’s existence, some amendments were made to it. Thus, in 1947, over the veto of President Harry Truman, the pro-union elements of the NLRA were altered. The new policy was called the Taft-Hartley Act (Devinantz, 2015). The Taft-Hartley Act allowed union shops only under the condition of “the absence of state law to the contrary” (“History,” 2013, para. 3). Section 164 of the Act ratified the establishment of RTW laws by enabling states to restrain compulsory union membership or security agreements (Kogan, 2016). Thus, the history of RTW laws spans over seven decades. Every state had its approach to implementing the new legislation. Florida and Arkansas were the pioneers of RTW laws adoption in 1944 (Devinantz, 2015). By 1976, the law was put into action in all of the former Confederacy states. The Taft-Hartley Act enabled the states to prohibit mandatory unionism (Devinantz, 2015). As of September 2016, the RTW law was adopted by twenty-six states, which was four states more than in 2011 (Wallace & Wallace, 2018). The purpose of the law has not altered much since its initial adoption. The RTW law still takes care of employee rights protection. However, the major change between the original and present-time inception is that a worker cannot be forced to join the union even if they obtain union-won benefits (Wallace & Wallace, 2018). Such advantages inclu
According to (Watson, 2001), there are a number of scientists that were involved in studies with an objective of convincing the society as well as science that the molecule of heredity is DNA. The first one was Fredrick Griffith who performed a number of experiments on two bacteria strains; one was not harmful to mice while the other killed them. When he used bacteria’s dead cells to inject the mice, they survived but when he combined the dead bacteria with the live one, all mice died. Therefore, he made a conclusion that the harmless bacteria’s hereditary material was transformed by something that was contained in the dead cells. This led to other experiments by Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty and Colin Macleod so as to identify that transforming factor. They isolated molecular components of bacteria cells that were dead and they were able to determine that the agent involved in the transformation of live bacteria that was harmless into killers was DNA. Others were works by Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey whose experiments made it clear that its not protein but DNA that causes infection when bacterium is infected by bacteriophage. Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin obtained images of DNA through diffraction of X-ray which answered questions on the mechanisms as well as structure of DNA. DNA’s structure of three dimensions was made clear by James Watson and Francis Crick by proposing a DNA model which is accepted up to today. Evidence That DNA Is the Molecule Determining Heredity Although Fredrick Griffith and Oswald made great contributions in the research of DNA as the molecule that determines heredity, some scientists still believed that proteins were the material of heredity but their debate was quitted by Chase and Hershey. This began when Delbluck in conjunction with Hershey realized that when a bacterium is infected by two bacteriophage’s strains, these viruses could have their genetic material exchanged producing offspring with ineffective cap
How is this property marketed? Product This organization offers clients the opportunity to observe a unique interior design. Moreover, customers can enjoy the fairy-tale atmosphere created by decorators and architects. In particular, visitors can stay in a hotel that is made solely of ice, snow, and metal. Place The hotel is located in Quebec City. It should be noted that this metropolitan area attracts many people who take a close interest in winter tourism (Brokaw, 2008). Therefore, one can argue that this place can be of great interest to many customers. Price The prices for the services can vary considerably. In particular, a person, who wants to take a tour of this hotel, will need to pay about $15. However, the night stay will cost $ 170. This policy is essential for attracting buyers who may differ in terms of their income level. Promotion This place is promoted in several ways. In particular, potential customers can learn about it via the Internet. Moreover, much attention should be paid to booklets that are offered to tourists who go to Canada and Quebec (Hill, 2002). Apart from that, the services of this hotel are advertised on television. Thus, this organization applies various marketing techniques. People At first, one should mention engineers, designers, and builders who were involved in the construction of this hotel. These stakeholders play a critical role because they create a unique image of this place. Moreover, they ensure that customers are not exposed to any dangers. At the same time, one should focus on the work of the personnel interacting immediately with clients. Physical evidence This company offers such tangible assets as beds, sleeping bags, hot drinks, and so forth. Additionally, clients can observe various ice sculptures. Moreover, they can buy souvenirs. Process The functioning of this hotel includes several processes. At first, one should mention construction, the delivery of food, drinks, or furniture, and the work of service personnel. Furthermore, much attention should be paid to the work of decorators who need to find a new approach to interior and exterior design. What is actually being sold here? As it has been said before, this organization sells the unforgettable image of this hotel. It is the core offering available to clients. However, there are some supplementary services. For instance, this company hosts wedding ceremonies for clients. Moreover, much attention should be paid to the tours conducted in this place. Clearly identify the market segments that the Ice Hotel is targeting The market of this hotel can be segmented with the help of different approaches. In particular, one can distinguish the following criteria: Demographic The visitors can be both males an
Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyse Coca Cola’s marketing mix, strategy, internationalisation process theory including Born Global, Uppsala, stages approach, and discuss the extent to which country of origin influences consumer perception of Coca-Cola. Marketing Mix Product World leader in soft drink industry “Coca Cola” has the largest portfolio in beverage industry including more than 3300 products; it markets, manufactures and sells beverage concentrates, finished sparkling and still beverages (Coca Cola, 2011, p.5). However, the following table shows the most important brands in different beverage categories – Figure 1: Most important brands Source: Coca Cola (2011, p.6) Standardisation and adaptation Vrontis & Sharp (2003, p.7) stated that localised (adapted) production is necessary and must remain because the company has to concentrate on many factors including trade barriers and tariffs, communication links, raw material differentials, different market demand and differing competitive circumstances; however, the following figure shows that it concentrates more on standardisation than adaptation to design product line – Figure 2: Vrontis’ Framework of AdaptStand Integration Source: Vrontis & Sharp (2003, p.7) According to the annual report 2011 of Coca Cola, it is a global brand and it introduces and designs different products consider consumer demand of the particular resign while customer is the prime factor to offer new brand, for instance, the sweetness in coca-cola’s products is decreased because of the customers’ needs and preferences. Price According to the annual report 2011 of Coca Cola, the price structure of the products is flexible while the marketers fixed the price considering the market condition and geographic segment (Coca Cola, 2011, p.8 and Kumar, 2012). At the same
Introduction Managers have a crucial role of controlling the generation, selection, and implementation of ideas in any business. Whenever a business fails in one way or another, the managers are answerable of the failures and inefficiencies of the business. The managers have an obligation of making sure that things are done in the most efficient manner. An idea management system helps in implementing the innovation process and adding commercial value to a business (Ortiz 2004). However, some organisations may face difficulties when entering into the global market due to the adherence to the customary management practises in their original homelands. This paper will analyze the ideas in management of AZN banking group limited, and critically examine the implications of the current management practises in the global market. A critical analysis of the cultures, customs, policies, practises, and the legal and political environment will act as the basis to explore the issues and concerns that ANZ will encounter in its multinational business. Cultures and customs The gender inequality issue The Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) banking group in Australia is bound to cultures and customs that are outdated in the global banking industry. Gender discrimination in the workplace is a customary occurrence in Australia, whereas, the contemporary world has embraced gender equality. Many Australians feel that their employers discriminate them because of their gender, age, religion, or ethnic background (Bunn, Guthrie & Smit 2013). The discrimination issue majorly affects the indigenous Australian women and non-Asian immigrants. The gender inequality issue is almost impossible to resolve because the residents have made it their custom. The residential areas in Australia are categorized according to the education and income levels of the residents. In some regions, women earn about 17.5% less payment than the men do (International Monetary Fund 2006). The women are underrepresented in leadership positions, and worse of it all is the fact that domestic violence against women is a customary thing in Australia. Indeed, the cultures and customs of gender inequality have negative impacts on the efficiency and effectiveness of female workers in the finance industry. Women cannot have a chance to secure lucrative management positions in the banking industry. The few women who manage to secure junior positions live and work in fear as their job security is not guaranteed. Moreover, under such inhumane treatments, the number of financ
The key objective was to understand and review the significant aspects of human development. These aspects are naturally connected to a number of issues and are contingent on different interpretations of social development (Slavin 2009). Throughout the process of learning, I have paid close attention to the peculiarities of Piaget’s theory and realized the cornerstones of human development. Nonetheless, I believe that there are several reasons that may trigger criticism, as Piaget’s approach is not flawless. After finishing this chapter, I am able to provide a detailed description of the Neo-Piagetian method and a view of development that presupposes information processing (Slavin 2009). Moreover, I have learned about Vygotsky’s understanding of cognitive development. I reviewed both developmental theories and came to the conclusion that they closely relate to each other, and both are critical to the teaching process. This chapter provided information concerning Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development (Slavin 2009). The opinions of moral development elaborated by Piaget and Kohlberg were also reviewed and thoroughly studied. Nonetheless, Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s methods are not interconnected, and there is a number of essential details that should be taken into consideration before implementing these theories into practice (Slavin 2009). In my opinion, a teacher should pay the most attention to the children’s cognitive development at all stages of education. Language and Literacy Development After finishing this chapter, I have learned a lot about language and literacy development during the preschool/ school years. This information is essential if I want my students to become active speakers, writers, and readers (Slavin 2009).
Graffiti is an interesting form of art. It is an act of writing and drawing with different and beautiful styles on walls. Its main purpose is to communicate with the public. Many artists have used this art form to convey social, political or environmental messages. In this paper we shall discuss the approach through which graffiti artists used their work as a tool to speak out on political issues. For this paper we have considered two artists and their art works. First Banksy and his”One Nation under CCTV” and “Napalm” pieces, second Frank Shepard Fairey`s “Barack Obama Hope poster”. Through graffiti art form messages are designed for heterogeneous audience. Graffiti artists who draw pictures for using it as political tool, they are creative than other artists because they want to bring change through their work at national level. Their art work should be eye catching and affecting that could compel political leaders as well as mass audience to think about its message deeply. Banksy is a British graffiti artist who started his work with the use of stencils. During his career he has performed in an outstanding manner but this most astonishing and influential work that has observed up till now in central London is the painting of slogan on the wall of post office on Oxford Street in London. He has completed the painting overnight standing on the ladder with a guard and a dog. He painted the slogan in white broad capital letters which says “ONE NATION UNDER CCTV”. He did his most ironic piece of work just few meters far from CCTV camera in order to carry out surveillance protest against British government (Bull, 2011). London is undoubtedly capital of England as well as of CCTV cameras. Pe
The principle of sufficient reason explains the nature of all existence. It advocates the perspective that every aspect of life has a basis that justifies its existence. According to this philosophy, sufficient reason is inherent in all observable phenomena. The phenomena include all entities, events, and propositions whose presence in a specific form can be affirmed. For this principle to hold, the facts in question must occur, proposals must be correct, and all entities must exist. According to this philosophy, the basis of the existence of everything is either a reason for the particular observation or a cause justifying its present reality. Leibniz did not give a precise description of the boundary between the reasons and the causes for everything (Longuenesse 67). Thus, the principle of sufficient reason has two possible interpretations. Something can exist due to the presence of one or several reasons before the current observation. This is one possible interpretation of the theory. On the other hand, all things may be considered to have likely causes that require their presence at a specific time. The two interpretations may be regarded as complementary. Also, the reason for everything does not need to be purely logical according to Leibniz. Sometimes, humans may not understand the reason or cause concerning a particular thing (Leibniz et al. 27). The principle of sufficient reason provides solutions to two theoretical issues that have no direct answer. Firstly, the policy of adequate reason explains the origin of the sequence of reasons that inadequately describes the process of formation of any phenomena or proposition. Secondly, the principle of sufficient reason explains the apparent variations in all aspects of existence, which are otherwise considered imperfect. Leibniz also uses this philosophy to explain the relationship between the physical and the metaphysical world. One of the problems that Leibniz’s philosophy tries to solve is the inherent problem of the ultimate reason. For everything that exists, there is an immediate reason justifying the present thing (Longuenesse 75). However, there is another justification behind the idea itself. The reasons form an infinite sequence that does not give an ultimate solution at all. This necessitates invocation of the logic that there exists another reason independent from the series of reasons. The proper justification is what Leibniz refers to as God, who is not necessarily understood by human beings. Thus, the universe and all existence is a sequence of states that explain each other without concluding (Leibniz et al. 28). Therefore, an ultimate reason, separate from the series, is necessary to justify the philosophy of sufficient reason. It is observed that the ultimate purpose is not the conventional reason since it may not be understood by ordinary interpretation. The ultimate reason is metaphysically necessary and is responsible for all existence. Although Leibniz tries to explain the essence of
Introduction In order to establish a successful business, it is important to develop a comprehensive strategic plan which is the basic blueprint for actualization of a business plan. Reflectively, the strategic plan is inclusive of the SWOT of the business environment, penetration strategies, and success measurement parameters at micro and macro business environment. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly develop and review a strategic plan for the BrothersForChange organization located in San Francisco. The treatise reflects on the elements of marketing from micro and macro environment, mission, and organization value. Mission of the BrothersForChange Organization For an organization to succeed in marketing, it has to have both vision and mission for its marketing strategies. They act as the guideline and reference point. The business refers to the vision and goals to determine if it is making positive progress. The business’s vision for the BrothersForChange is to create positive change in the lives of African American men and their families that have been impacted by incarceration and poverty. On the other hand, the marketing goal will be to acquire further funding for expansion of support services to the poor and homeless African American families in San Francisco. Besides, the organization will have a mission of adding value to the life of its target persons by offering emergency services and spiritual nourishment. Through its marketing, the organization will strive to ensure that it collects enough funds to support its charity activities for the next three years. Values of the BrothersForChange To be able to achieve the mission and the set goals, the BrothersForChange organization will require having a captivating position value statement and superior product strategy. In this case, the organization’s positioning statement will be as follows; We do what everyone wants, helping the poor. We don’t discriminate our support to any group or race. We plan to touch more lives and help restore poverty stricken families. One of the product strategies that the organization should utilize is to make sure that it attributes the charity services to convenience and free. In planning strategy, culture defines all aspects of a business, both internal and external relationships. It is vital to consider the target sponsors which consist of religious groups, government agencies, private individuals, and other charitable organization. Since the organization is based in San Francisco, it is necessary to review the business environment to establish the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities available amidst limited funding for the charitable activities targeting the poor and homeless African American families. This will be achievable through proactive focusing of the above values for the organization.