ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The product that comes from the mind of inventors is commonly referred to as intellectual property. Intellectual property is a distinct creation of the human mind or something which someone has invented and has exclusive rights to make or sell, especially something that cannot legally be copied by other people. The rights are a legal protection of the creator’s concerns. They give the creator full rights over the entirety of his or her creation. Intellectual property may be an idea but it can be translated into tangible object and infinite number of copies be distributed in several parts of the world. The tangible objects may not have the property but the idea of the property reflected in the copies. The biggest limitation with intellectual property is the duration of protection of the property. Despite its intangible nature, it is considered an asset which currently has replaced tangible substance as the ultimate economic resource. The climate of inventing and coming up with new ideas is overshadowed by the need to protect these ideas. Many inventors have seen their ideas taken over by others without their consent or permission. And other inventors, even after patenting the ideas, have seen their inventions being accessed and used without their permission. According to statistical data, most ideas are highly unlikely to become successful inventions in the market. In fact, the success rate of inventions depends on how they are marketed. Studies have found out that only 2 percent of inventions become successful after launching. However, in spite of the little success rate, the need to protect ideas and inventions from unauthorized use is crucial to inventors. Purpose and significance of study Cases of copyright infringement and stolen start up ideas have been very common. But scholars argue that unless one does some valuable with an idea, the idea still remain worthless. Inventors have to engage in order to learn more about the nature of impact their ideas will have. A lot of fear is associated with an idea especially at an early stage of development. Inventors worry whether their ideas are worthwhile and whether they will lead to a greater impact. However, an inventor can begin to own an idea once it becomes worthwhile to the people it targets or to customers. There is perhaps no doubt that there are several similar ideas in people’s minds elsewhere. But the person who begins using his or her idea to create value to customers can then claim ownership of the idea and protects it from being misused. An inventor will definitely have to consult others in order to further understand the viability of his or her idea. In the process of engaging and conversing, the inventor shares the idea. At this point of engagement, ideas are usually far from perfect and the need to engage helps the inventor to get more insight on how to execute the idea. This is a crucial point because many ideas have
In Plato’s Myth of the Cave, he uses many symbols to help make his point. Plato presents his myth like a conversation between Socrates and other men. Socrates explains his idea to them by using the example of the cave. He says people have been trapped inside a cave all their lives and this has had a great effect on how they understand the world. “They’ve [human beings] been there since childhood, fixed in the same place, with their necks and legs fettered, able to see only in front of them, because their bonds prevent them from turning their heads around” (187). In the cave, human beings are watching shadows of things moving across a giant screen at the front of the cave, but the actual colors and true shape of these things cannot be perceived. The things themselves are moved across the back of the screen and are lit up by the light of a fire which makes their shadows fall on the screen and these shadows are all that the people see. “Then the prisoners would in every way believe that the truth is nothing other than the shadows of those artifacts” (187). Although someone who knows about color and shape would want nothing but to be released, Socrates points out that someone suddenly pulled out of their familiar world would feel pain and discomfort at first. However, after they’ve had a chance to live another way, they will begin to understand their new perception as being the true reality by degrees: “At first he’d see shadows most easily, then images of men and other things in the water, then the things themselves. Of these, he’d be able to study the things in the sky and the sky itself more easily at night, looking at the light of the stars and the moon, than during the day, looking at the sun and the light of the sun” (188). Once they’ve accepted the new reality, they begin to feel compassion for those who are still blinded in the cave and would want to help them. If he can make himself be accepted as a prophet, he can be effective but if he wasn’t fully converted, he will be ridiculed and called crazy and spend his life in doubt and confusion. There are many symbols used in this story. The first symbol is the cave itself which symbolizes a closed system where everything is controlled. The next symbol is the prisoners, who represent all people who have lived with a limited viewpoint. The shadows are symbols of real things and the fire symbolizes imperfect knowledge. The people who carry the things past the screen are like the teachers that want their students to understand the world like they see it but don’t want them to know anything else. The bonds are symbols of the things that make us afraid to turn around or question what we know. The people who pull the
Introduction Health can be defined as the state of complete well being of an individual. Medical facilities such as hospitals, equipments and personnel are necessary to help people solve problems of occurrences such as infections by diseases and injuries. Health services are provided by both the government and private investors in the economy. This paper seeks to discuss challenges for assuring a nation’s health. The paper will look into the assurance of a nation’s health together with challenges that faces the assurance of this health in the United States. Assurance of health Assurance of health covers the commitment to provision of health services to people. This undertaking includes ensuring that health services are available to people in good quality and quality. Elements of qualitative health assurance include competence in personnel that is used in the provision of the services. Competence is defined to include “skills, capability and actual performance of health providers, managers, and support staff” (Brown et al., n.d). Availability of competent personalities in the provision of health services is critical in the sense that the profession does not give any room for trials. Any simple mistake by a health officer can lead to death. Availability of the services by people in terms of distance and time is also a considered factor in the provision of the services. Effectiveness, efficiency and safety of services offered in health facilities are also determinants in the provision of health services. Challenges for assuring the nation’s health Provisions of health facilities in the United States, like any other developed country, are faced with a number of challenges. One of the significant challenges that the American health sector is facing is shortage of medical personnel. The shortage in healthcare personnel in the country is further identified to be increasing in a manner that a medical crisis may be realized in future if no corrective measures are taken. The shortage in personnel has been caused by a number of factors such as increasing demand for nurses and other skilled personalities in the field that has been coupled by a decreased supply. The supply of the personnel has been hampered by the reduced number of enrolments into the profession as well as the American population ageing factor. Another challenge that faces the provision of medical services to the country’s population is the negative changes that have been realized in the sector. The field which was formerly well funded has been transformed to the contrary. The current healthcare sector, contrary to its former state, is faced with financial limitations that have led to minimization of expenditures as well as the operations of health facilities. This in return poses limitations to the services that can be offered in these facilities (AACN, 2002). Another challenge to ensuring provision of health services to the nation’s population is the increased number of people who do not have insurance cover. This number is noted to be on the rise among retirees, unemployed and a good percentage of self
Abstract The last three decades have been characterized by an increased number of research studies examining how the management of organizations has become a critical area of concern in modern literature. This paper presents a systematic literature review of the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on social capital and change propensity. The work clearly states the research question on how these variables affect a firm’s success. The methodology involved drawing ideas from recent studies that have explored the association between leadership styles and an organization’s ability to achieve consistent social capital and effective change management. Relevant literature was accessed on Google scholar search and used to examine the relationships between the variables. This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by presenting a theoretically-grounded methodology that helps leaders design and adopt approaches that focus on achieving and integrating social capital in managing change in organizations. Introduction Entrepreneurial leadership is the cornerstone of development for any organization that aims at achieving outstanding milestones in business. While various researchers have focused on the importance of proper management of companies, there is a need for methodical approaches to assess the significance of actualizing social capital to initiate and implement change processes (Dean & Ford, 2017; Chitsaz et al., 2019; Ximenes et al., 2019). The paper provides the literature review based on the role of entrepreneurial leadership in articulating common organizational values, vision, risk-taking, effective communication, and creativity. A number of scholars have drawn parallels between social capital and change propensity historically and conceptually (Clark et al., 2019). In this emerging concept, some scholars define entrepreneurial leadership within a narrow view, specifically within the context of small businesses (Leitch & Volery, 2017; Felix et al., 2019; Dost et al., 2018; Yani et al., 2020). Although it may appear as if there is a single leadership approach to the actualization of social capital, a closer examination would reveal that numerous strategies may be necessary to align these to favor the propensity of change within an organization. Mehmood et al. (2019a) argue that this new paradigm of management stretches beyond the convergence of fields and is linked to the characteristics of leadership styles across diverse conditions and contexts. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the development of entrepreneurial leadership. The resulting systematic literature review and discussion delve into providing a conceptual map of the prevailing state of research in the new paradigm with a view of identifying directions into future studies. It provides a benchmark for further investigation into the i
Introduction: The Object identified If there is one item that is with nearly all women, it is a handbag. In our dynamic world, the gender boundaries are becoming increasingly blurred, and therefore it is possible to meet one or two men who carry handbags too. But this can only be the exception. For women in society, carrying handbags is the rule. This is true for my teacher. Her handbag stands out in my view and it is going to be the object of discussion in this essay. My teacher’s handbag is brown in color. I have never taken time to do a thorough analysis of the color but I believe what my teacher says about her handbag. She believes that it is the brown that results from a combination of black and white. At one point, I pointed out that the color of her of her handbag was golden. She looked at me with a wide smile and thanked me for my suggestion. She then proceeded to tell me that whatever I choose to call the color is my decision. It was not going to affect her since she was fully aware that her handbag’s color is brown. I have since stopped wondering about the color of the handbag. I am now trying to unravel the mystery behind her attachment to the handbag. The handbag is thirty seven years old. My teacher is fifty years meaning that she got it when she was thirteen years. It is made of pure leather and has a one and half meter strap by which it is suspended from the shoulder. The open top is secured by a buckle that locks to the inside, meaning the side that is in contact with the body while the bag is on the shoulder. On both sides, it has the letter L and V that are close together. The texture of the leather is smooth and it is not easy for one know that this handbag is as old as it is. Before my teacher told me its correct age, I thought it was around three or four years old given that I joined this institution two years ago and found her with it. But I later discovered that the bag is actually thirty seven years old. I was shocked at first but when I considered the type of person my teacher is, I realized why it appeared intact. She is extremely careful with whatever she handles meaning that it is not possible for the handbag to be mishandled while it is in her possession. Leaving the above a side, opening the handbag is something I have always been tempted to do despite the fact that it reflects badly on me. I can remember carrying it as I was assisting her carry items from the lecture room to her office. I asked her how she had managed to let
Summary Teaching instructional unit based on information needed in Business Report research. This unit provides the learners with insight on how to use the library recourses for research in Business Report. The learners are therefore to find out which methods of formatting are appropriate for use in information literacy are competences that an individual should have to enhance his participation in the building of the society. Description of the Lesson The lesson covers the learning processes that are important in the process of learning. It incorporates the blooms taxonomy of learning where the learners are expected to use the existing knowledge in developing new and unique knowledge. This is a basic introductory lesson for the whole subject. Objectives of the Instructional Lesson The learner should be able to recognize the need for information literacy comfortably. This makes the first step in information literacy where a need is identified making the learner to master the entire concepts with an aim of solving the problem that has arisen within the information systems. By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to distinguish the gaps that exist in the information literacy knowledge so as to obtain better ways to solve these needs. Accurate differentiation of the toolbar menu and the word menu helps the learners avoid wasting time. By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to accurately identify the strategies that can help in locating the sources of information within the library setting. This learner should therefore be able to comprehend how all the literacy information resources work so as to find the workability of the required information in relation to the resource available to achieve the purpose of learning. This should be evident in the student’s pursuit to obtain reference books to be used in the subject By the end of the library lesson the learner should be able to independently identify relevant information and the instructional methods that can be obtained from these methods. The learner should
As a selected product to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables on it, the drug Ibuprofen by Equate, a Walmart-owned sub-brand, will be used. This medicine is in demand among consumers due to its recognized pharmacological formula and affordable price (“Equate Ibuprofen tablets,” 2021). According to Rouksar-Dussoyea et al. (2017), inflation rates, GDP growth, and unemployment are significant macroeconomic variables to take into account in view of their impact on market trends. These variables will be applied to assess their impact on supply and demand for Equate-branded Ibuprofen and Walmart’s overall financial performance. By comparing the three proposed variables for the United States, one can draw attention to their fluctuations in recent years. Amadeo (2020) provides the official statistics and compares these parameters over the last years. According to the data, GDP growth in 2017 was 2.4%, in 2018 – 2.9%, in 2019 – 2.3% (Amadeo, 2020). The inflation rate in the same years was 2.1%, 1.9%, and 2.3%, respectively (Amadeo, 2020). The unemployment rate was 4.1% (2017), 3.9% (2019), and 3.5% (2019) (Amadeo, 2020). This information is valuable and can help predict the impact of the proposed macroeconomic variables on the supply and demand of Ibuprofen by Equate. A decline in GDP and an increase in inflation are negative trends that can lead to higher costs of drug production and, therefore, a potential decrease in supply. At the same time, a stable decrease in the unemployment rate in the country is a trend that can have a positive impact on sales and increase demand for this product. For Walmart, these fluctuations are crucial since the company needs to allocate funds to promote the sub-brand. As a result, lower US unemployment may improve the corporation’s financial performance, but inflation and poor GDP growth will inevitably require higher costs of production.
Introduction Learning disorders or learning difficulties are sunshade terminologies that are used for a range of learning problems. According to Chinn Steve (2004), a learning difficulty is never an intelligence problem in the sense that children with these complications are not lazy or dumb. Most of them are just as intelligent as any of the others; the only difference is that their brains are chained differently (Aaron 2005). These distinctions influence how they receive and decode information. This ultimately means that children and grownups with learning difficulties see, hear, comprehend and decode things distinctively. The effect of this problem is that it leads to difficulties in learning new skills and information as well as implementing them (Renée, Louis &Hallahan, 2002). The most popular types of learning difficulties encompass reasoning, reading, writing, listening, math and speaking problems. Some of the learning disabilities include dyscalculia which is all about math and geometry problems, dyslexia, Attention deficit disorder (ADD), dyspraxia, verbal-linguistic function, time management, memory, stress management and orientation in space among others (Lerner, 2000). The ultimate aim of this context is to examine a profile of a student with special need of assistance with geometry. The student has a problem of dyscalculia particularly in geometry and therefore, the report presents several diagnostic sessions with the child. It winds up with an intervention plan for the child’s problem. Profile of a student with learning difficulty   * Name: Kenny Jones   * Gender: Male   * Date of Birth: September 18, 2005.   * Nationality: Australian   * Region: Sydney Australia Description of his learning difficulties Kenny Jones is a young student, currently in year two in primary school in Sydney, Australia. He is a clever boy who comprehends English, Science and History very well but has a problem with mathematics. He was doing well in the other subjects, but it seemed he did not comprehend geometry at all. He was even developing negative attitude towards the subject because he did not love his poor performance in the subject. Nevertheless, after the teacher assessed him, he realized Jones had learning difficulty in mathematics particularly in comprehension of geometry sessions. The teacher discovered that Jones could not recognize increase and decrease in number series involving twos and fives as well as recognition of missing components in a number sequence. He could not represent multiplication through grouping items into sets. He had not understood any concept concerning multiplication because he could not do even the simplest multiplication geometry. It was very difficult for him to illustrate calculations as well as represent the value of Australian currency using distinct arrangement of notes and
Introduction New Smartphone technology made it possible for consumers to send e-mail while, at the same time, make phone calls. There are several convenient phone features incorporated within BlackBerry which reinforces its quality within international market. Such features include unique mobile operating system as well as appealing appearance. In addition, the phone has inbuilt sensors connected to the physical QWERTY keyboard, such uniqueness provides convenience to consumers in terms of usage (Kotler, 2006). Blackberry’s buyer decision making process for shifting to the new smartphone technology and key factors leading to their success within the market BlackBerry’s demand within international market increased owing to its features supporting mobile computing services making it capable of speeding up internet processes. The gadget’s entertainment technology system also added to its success within international market including despite lacking desktop capabilities. Provision of internet Protocol-based network within the smart phones enabled users to access internet-based applications. Such cases include Wi-Fi networks providing services through visitor fees instead of old technology based on provider-lock in users. Smartphone’s Wi-Fi system has the capability of using all available internet browsers for the purposes of accessing various applications such as websites and search engines. The phone’s ability to provide Google Maps directions as well as rich HTML email client enables its services to be preferred by most customers (Kotler, 2006). Despite all these features, shifting to new smartphone technology was prompted by a number of buyer decision programs. For example, BlackBerry runs on a 3G network device making the technology quite different from that of iPhone not applicable within technologically advanced regions such as Japan and Korea since it operates only on Cingular network (Egan, 2007). Factors affecting a consumer’s behavior as related to the case and reasons as to why people shifted from