ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Case Caleb is a very close friend who is known for his social behavior that attracts almost everybody in society. However, he has a problem when it comes to settling down to accomplish a certain task, particularly when the task demands a lot of attention. This has affected his life in several ways since he cannot sustain any job given the fact that employers need an individual who can be relied upon to realize certain objectives. Caleb lacks self-discipline since he cannot spare some time to conduct a review of his life and come up with an adequate answer to resolve the socio-economic issues facing him. For instance, he is unable to sustain a relationship with any woman owing to his character. He fails to draw a line between a friend and a lover, as he considers the two equal. From time to time, his friends have been forced to intervene to salvage the situation since he might be engaging two close friends in a sexual relationship. His life is full of tribulations because he cannot honor an agreement, irrespective of whether the agreement is casual or official. Caleb is extremely talkative, something that encourages him to participate fully in local debates touching on socio-political and economic life. Recently, he was relieved of his duties as a bank accountant following a confrontation with the line supervisor over the popularity of a presidential candidate. Before his sacking, he had threatened to teach those who were against his presidential choice a lesson. Since banks are non-political institutions, they had no option but to lay off Caleb. My friend is yet to secure employment since he does not have time to settle down to strategize on the best way to uplift his living standard. This has affected the entire family since parents are concerned with this behavior given the fact that all of his college friends are young executives enjoying their careers. After losing his first job as a marketer with one of the leading firms in town, his first lover, Joyce, parted ways with him over claims of irresponsibility and infidelity. He went ahead to engage a different woman named Nancy, who has been complaining of neglect and infidelity as well. The behavior of Caleb is unbearable as far as family life is concerned. Analysis of the Case using Theories Sigmund Freud observed that the behavior of an individual is determined by the libido since it controls life instincts. Based on this, the personality of an individual is structured in a way that has several parts. The id represents the pleasure principle whereby an individual would want to achieve a certain objective without failure. This means that Caleb is mainly inspired by the id to act in a way that is often dangerous to himself and other people. The ego represents reality while the superego represents the moral principles. Caleb does not have a strong ego and superego, which allows the id to dominate. If the demands of the id are not met,
Article Title & Main Argument The author’s first main argument is that poverty drives these women into prostitution. Sex trade in Sosua flourishes because both the prostitutes and their customers believe they are getting closer to satisfy their fantasies, the sex tourists go after what they consider “ideal sexual partners” while the women believe they are cultivating relationships with wealthy clients who are potential husbands. She also points out that the advent of technology and globalization only promise to make the sex tourism industry in Sosua grows exponentially (Brenan, 159). Lastly, the author points out the disconnect between the great expectations of Dominican women who engage in prostitution and the grim reality on the ground. Introduction In today’s world, capitalism is blamed and sometimes used as a scapegoat that takes the blame for the woes of the poor populations all over the world, however, for many of them, the “cause” of all their problems is the very same thing which offers them so much hope in life since it is generally believed that the higher your class, the less your problems, and who wouldn’t want to jump on that band wagon? Sosua: a preview The island of Sosua is a perfect example, despite the extreme illustration used; it serves to drive the point home. A vast majority (if not all) of the women who engage in prostitution feel they were pushed into it by economic pressure, they are all from extremely poor backgrounds. A second Achilles heel for them is that they are women with limited formal education. These dire conditions make prostitution in sosua a viable option and what makes it even better for them is the limited number of restrictions to the control of the money once they get a hold of it. Social inequality Basically if social inequality exists, all odds will be against them, this is because they are on all the undesirable ends of the basic class indicators, they are poor, illiterate, own no substantial property and live in the worst places. The sex tourists are from a higher social class, they are probably well educated ,have stable incomes and probably own a lot of property in their home countries, at least this is the image they portray while they are on holiday. However, they too are driven from their homes, the only difference is what they are pursuing, while women in the Dominican republic are in the pursuit of their basic necessities, the sex tourists are in pursuit if lustful fantasies. Power struggle: Karl Marx Karl Marx’s definition of class power suggests that privilege of power is derived by somehow marginalizing others. This is a direct hit at capitalism in which it is said that the rich get richer while the poor get poorer and this serves to vilify the rich or the upper class citizens who appear are accused of reaping the fruits of the poor people’s sweat. Is this really the case in Sosua? Are the women in prostitution the victims of the sex tourists or are they merely victims
Introduction Dementia relates to a neurodegenerative disease typified by a cognitive deterioration in various domains and a gradual loss of functionality; it affects a person’s ability to perform the activities of daily life (ADL). Although interventions for enhancing dementia patients’ (DP) better quality of life (QoL) and ADL independence are available, their effectiveness is questionable. This paper provides an in-depth critique of a quantitative study by Henskens et al. (2017) aimed at ascertaining the efficacy of movement-oriented restorative care (MRC) among patients diagnosed with dementia. Critique of the Study’s Introduction Research Problem and Purpose The researchers concisely stated the problem they intended to investigate. The provided problem statement is clear, significant, and congruent with the study’s purpose. It contains a comprehensive description of the study’s background, pertinent variables, target populace, and an elucidation of the setting. Henskens et al. (2017) included a clear delineation of the research’s primary purpose of the article. They aimed to ascertain MRC’s efficacy in enhancing better QoL and ADL performance of patients with mild-to-severe dementia. Research Questions/Hypothesis The study contains a clear and testable hypothesis; it is appropriately worded and consistent with the problem statement and research’s overall purpose. Henskens et al. (2017) hypothesized that MRC would maintain or slow down the deterioration of ADL independence and QoL in patients with moderate-to-severe dementia compared to those receiving routine care. The above-mentioned postulation predicts the relationship between MRC intervention and QoL and ADL independence. Contrarily, the researchers did not include research questions for this particular survey. Independent Variable and Dependent Variables The study’s independent variable is the intervention administered to patients with mild-to-severe dementia. The research’s dependent variable is the outcome to be measured – the treatment’s impact on the aforementioned patients’ ADL and QoL. However, the researchers did not provide a clear delineation of the above-mentioned variables in the article. Contrarily, they identified demographic variables; this includes continuous (age), nominal (gender and type of dementia), and ordinal (severity of dementia) variables. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework The researchers did not provide a conceptual or theoretical framework for their study. Henskens et al. (2017) should have developed a conceptual framework based on a pertinent scientific theory. According to Adom et al. (2018), the model mentioned above is instrumental in identifying, describing, and defining the relationship between conceptions and variables. It also helps investigators link variables to conceptualizations using a well
Even though there are several types of market competition, large corporations such as McDonald’s have established monopolies to ensure that rival companies never get the same coverage and power. When a firm can gain significant power in the market, it is more likely to increase prices on goods and services (Thoma, 2014). On the other hand, monopolies aim to drive their competitors out of business or threaten new entrants to the market by setting prices below their costs and absorb losses until their competitors cannot survive longer. This practice is especially damaging to family businesses, which are the first to fail under significant pressure from monopolies. It should be mentioned that the issue with monopolies goes deeper than economic effects because major companies also have political power and can contribute to changes in regulatory processes (Dechezleprêtre & Sato, 2017). Large corporations can influence such processes against any threats to their power in the market by removing health and safety regulations, adding licensing requirements to prevent competitors from entering, avoiding sales taxes, participating in congressional hearings, and so on. Nevertheless, not all firms exploit their power or engage in behaviors to damage competitors’ livelihoods, but those that do have invested time and money into becoming renowned firms. To conclude
Introduction Background Consolidated Landscaping, Inc. is considered the state’s hugest commercial landscaping organization. After the principal residential and resort improvements, the company increased more than twice. Presently, CLI recruits approximately one hundred and sixty employees. The company was established in 1960 under the ownership of Ackerman family (Devanna, Fombrun&Tichy, 1981). In 1995, John Ackerman retired. Considering that the younger Ackermans were not interested in managing the business, Bill Orwell purchased it in 1996. Consequently, Orwell engaged in comprehensive growth strategies. Purpose It was indicated that CLI matured at a faster rate as opposed to the infrastructure. Considering the fact that the company was a state and federal subcontractor, the need for reporting really increased (Bohlander& Snell, 2007). The government was recently requesting for data, reports, as well as other information from Orwell. However, he had no idea where these could be found, nor was he aware on how the information could be formatted. Moreover, personnel functions were spread everywhere within the company. The records did not have a central repository. No employee at the company possessed labor law knowledge to ensure that the company was complying. In a recent email, various government bodies were requesting Orwell to meet the required compliance measures and submit reports that had not been submitted on time. The challenge was that Orwell did not know what the reports entailed and he was extremely anxious because of the union’s letter. The letter form the Laborer’s union indicated that the company had acquired adequate authorization cards to allow for an election. All this made Orwell realize the need for employing more personnel who were acquainted to all that stuff. Therefore, he had the intention of hiring an employee who would handle the personnel (Heneman, 2008). Importance Employing personnel who were aware about the required reports would smoothen the operations at the company. Moreover, there was a need to have the employees’ manager. This would ensure that the company was in compliance to the labor laws and that all reports were delivered to the government departments without delay. Moreover, the reports would contain all the required information. Organization of the paper This paper aims at discussing the local community, the features of the accessible labor pool, labor demand, how to position an employer, and the human resource department’s staffing and recruiting goals. Moreover, there will be a discussion on how the goals can be met. Background for the Community The community enjoys a mild climate and is located on the Eastern side. There are various industries including manufacturing and tea industries. Moreover, there are immense wholesalers and supermarkets. A majority of the employers ensure that they adhere to employee benefits as stipulated by the federal government (Devanna, Fombrun&Tichy, 1981). The community enjoys an effective and diverse local economy. Moreover, the community has an energetic workforce. The transport, housing, and communication systems in the communit
Walmart Canada, the subsidiary of the world’s biggest retailer, was established in 1994 when Woolco Company opened its first store in Ontario. Since then, Walmart took over Woolco using an acquisition mode, and numerous stores with a broad assortment that includes such commonly known brands as Apple or Sam’s Choice were opened all over the country. Walmart Canada used the stage of the Green Business Summit to introduce new stability tendencies, some of which are influencing the Canadian trading community and leading to profitability. For example, according to Roberts and Berg, in Balzac, Alberta Sustainable Product Index was ushered by Walmart in order to help consumers to estimate products they buy every day (133). It was the first attempt outside the USA to value the quality of purchasing products. Walmart Canada president claims, “We have an excellent opportunity to usher in a new era of collaboration and sharing when it comes to green business practices” (Roberts and Berg 133). Nowadays, the expansion of Walmart in Canada continues despite the fact that compared with more than $750 million in 2012, it invested just $450 million in 2014, although Canadian locations comprised 388 stores except 379 (Location Group Research 152). Walmart Annual Report 2015 states that there are 394 retailers today (63). In the 2015 fiscal year, Walmart is to spend $350 million to purchase 13 former Target stores in Canada in order of supercenter creation. This renovation requires hiring about 4900 people for construction work, distribution center, and sales staff (“Walmart to Buy 13 Former Target Canada Stores and a Distribution Centre” 2). However, there are some risks concerned with foreign units. According to Walmart Annual Report 2015, “movements in currency exchange rates and the related impact on the translation of the balance sheets of the Company’s subsidiaries including Canada were the primary cause of the $3.6 billion net loss in the currency translation” (31). In fiscal 2015, Walmart’s Canada profits increased by 19 percent generating approximately $16 billion cash flow (Walmart Annual Report 2015 16). Walmart Canada’s strategy serves three basic purposes. Their culture based on respect for individuals regardless of age, gender, and nation. Friendly and helpful service to customers is the second corporate mission that provides the company with a good image and profit. Additionally, continuous improvements, along with new technologies put in the work of the company, testify striving for excellence (Walmart Canada). For instance, Walmart Canada added in its assortment home furniture segment, creating brand awareness and co
Bringing war to a dead end after its initiation challenges even nations with the largest sphere of influence and Kissinger is not an exception. He faced a good deal of challenges while sorting out strategies to send Vietnam War into dreamland. However, to amicably solve the challenges, with rejectionist critics on the strategies adopted expected, direct application of military power seemed far from the strategies deemed appropriate. Kissinger ran through all possible mechanisms at his disposal and found ‘shuttle diplomacy’ and witty negotiations as the key tools towards the realization of incredible solutions. Considering negotiation as the way forward to end the Vietnam War in 1973, intervening from an implied diplomatic position without an indication of the intent of application of force by the mighty nation had a more probability of success. His approach was therefore to “negotiate from a position of strength” (Scott & Furmanski, 2003, p.39). The approach, though maintained in secret, unfolded through the bombing of Cambodia in an attempt to force the US opponents to bring down their weapons and consider receding from war. On the other hand, in Paris, he organized negotiations with “Le Duc Tho-over the strong protests of south Vietnam government” (Roskin, 2009, p.102), something that made his diplomatic policy bear fruits upon the realization of the US desire to seek peace at all costs in Vietnam in 1973. Consequently, he managed to secure Nobel peace prize in the same year. In as much as Kissinger’s strategies of solving war problem in Vietnam bore fruits, they did not escape the eyes of critics who saw his policies characterized by “excessive strategies to make things right” (Roskin, 2009, p.60) through power deployment. His shuttle diplomacy in China that further postulated his method of seeking peace where he served as the intermediary in negotiations, aimed at bringing and promoting peace. After the 1973 war, he organized diplomat cease-fires campaign between Israel and Arab states (Scott & Furmanski, 2003, p.90) for instance Egypt and Syria. However, he was the man behind the deployment of the US troops in the aid of Israel on Arabic states soils. Lessons for the Current Peace Attempts Borrowing from Kissinger’s strategies to end wars in 1973, the nations involved in peacekeeping missions should make a clear demarcation between strategies designed for ‘Peace keeping’ and those for ‘peace-making’. Stopford (1995, p.105) argues that, “the logic for peace keeping flows from political and military premises that are quite distinct from those of enforcement; and dynamics of the latter are incompatible with the political process that then peace process is intended to facilitate”. Confusion of the two terms endangers peacekeeping operation. Force infliction during attempts to chill wars, should find application in situat
Mesopotamia The term Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers. Mesopotamia was therefore the land between the Tigris and the Euphrates, which is located in the Middle East. This was the site where the first famous cities were founded. Also, the civilizations of Sumer and Babylon were initially founded there. Mesopotamia had a very hot climate and the two rivers could not provide much because most of the time, they usually flooded. Mesopotamia encountered foreign powers and sometimes they were ruled by Rashidun Umayyad, ottoman and Seleucid empires. The history of Mesopotamia traces back to the emergence of the urban centers in the Middle East in the 4th millennium. The history extends to the 4th century BC (the time when Alexander the great arrived) Mesopotamia’s history was so much cherished because it consisted of the most ancient states with a highly developed lifestyle. It was also one of the regions when history was initially invented. Religious system Mesopotamians have a belief that the world was flat and was modeled into the shape of a disc. This disc was believed to have been surrounded by huge space and above it, there was heaven. They also had a belief that water is located everywhere around the world and that this water led to the development of the universe. Also, Mesopotamians had diverse beliefs as far as the gods were concerned. For example, the god of the sky in the Sumerian religion was Anu and was married to Ki. In other Mesopotamian religions, they believed that he had a wife called Uras. The most powerful god according to Mesopotamians was Enlil but he was later replaced by Marduk and thereafter Anhui. The principal god of Babylon was Marduk and that of Assyrians was Ashur. Ideas of the Individual relationship to his/her (gods) Mesopotamians had different types of gods and goddesses. There was Enki who was the god of rain, Gula (in Sumerian), and Shamash (in Akkadian) was the god of justice, Inanna was the goddess of sex and also war, Nabu was the writing god. Erra was the god of drought and Adad the god of storm Pazuzu was the god of evil. All these gods held a position where each one of them was praised according to the contents of the prayer on what an individual wanted (Maisels, 2001). Teaching on the Purpose of human life Mesopotamians viewed themselves as servants to their gods and believed that their work to implement the gods’ arbitrary decisions. There were severe penalties accorded to individuals and these penalties were varied depending on the wealth of an individual. There were three classes, an upper-class (consisting of government officials, priests, and warriors) the freeman class (professionals, Christians, and weakly farmers), and a lower class of slaves. The offense of the upper-class member was punished with higher severity than that of