ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction “An Enemy of The People” is a play that was written in 1882 by Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen had first written the title in Norwegian as En folkefiende. Ibsen wrote the play in answering the peoples say against his play “Ghosts” which people then considered it indecent (75). “An enemy of the people” views certain practices in the political systems that were in rise and needed to be condemned. This is a story of one man, Dr Stockman who struggles much to speak the realty and do what he thought to be good in the face of the socially in-tolerated vicinity. Dr Stockman does all these because of his brave and he represents the playwright’s own voice. Dr Stockman reveals that the water used by tourists was been contaminated but mayor, Peter Stockman, and his followers neglect the claims so that they continue benefiting from the tourists. “Glengarry Glen Ross” is a play that was written hundred years after “an enemy of the people” was written. David Mamet wrote the play “Glengarry Glen Ross” and that was in 1982. Mamet was born in Chicago in 1947 and he began getting interests in writing after college. The play revolves around Mamet’s experiences in a Chicago real estate where the real estate agents are prepared to do some illegal acts and to sell the estate to un-open buyers. In this study, growth of drama over the 100 years shall be discussed basing on the two plays already summarized. Discussion “An enemy of the people” was set in one scene in a coastal town in Norway. The town has invested huge sums of money in development of baths. The baths turn to be a big source of local pride. However, this project led by Dr Stockman and his brother, Peter Stockman, the mayor of the town, turns disastrous when Dr Stockman discovers that the water is been contaminated by waste products from the town’s tannery. This is a cause of diseases to the tourists. When Dr Stockman reports the matter to the relevant authority, they seem less concerned. The people in the town seen how effective the baths in benefiting them give a deaf ear to Dr Stockman’s claims and he even ends up been denounced as the enemy of the people. All the drama in this play revolves around Dr Stockman who does the right thing and speaks the truth in concern of the intolerances in the society (Ibsen 32). “Glengarry Glen Ross” by David Mamet is written into acts. In act one there are three scenes, which are two person scenes. This is set in a Chinese restaurant in Chicago where we see how the principal characters are in extreme pressure to sell estates ands that to be success
Abstract Diversity Management is quite complex to understand and to understand the same, a good understanding of diverse management is required first. Diverse management includes many aspects such as the age, gender, and ethnicity of the employees working in an organization not only does it include all the above aspects but also aspects like physical ability, sexual orientation, physical characteristics, religious beliefs are included when considering diverse management. This paper will throw light upon whether or not diverse management is good for a business, the pros and cons will be discussed and a conclusion will be reached. Pros of Work Force Diversity Implementation of Diversity undoubtedly strengthens organizational and human capital in an organization. Diversity in work force also provides an organization with knowledge capital and it is an intangible asset which is used by many organizations to create a lot of value. The leading companies calculate the cost of investing in workforce diversity, most go by the saying “What gets measured gets done second, good practice requires the measurement of the costs and benefits of all forms of investment, including investments in intangibles; third, measurement provides a justification for the continuing use of scarce resources; and, finally, measurement enables managers to learn lessons for future, similar investments. (The Costs and Benefits of Diversity, 2008). Work force diversity is implemented to maximize the economic benefits which usually exceed the implementation cost. Every company aims at getting more than their implementation cost and diversity is a very powerful tool which ensures the same when implemented by an organization, this is the only reason why more and more organizations are implementing workforce diversity in their organization. More and more organizations are investing huge amount of money in workforce diversity in order to keep pace with the customer requirements and customer satisfaction. Work force diversity often plays an instrumental role in satisfying the needs of a customer. Diversity also provides good social value to an organization and this is another reason why it is implemented. Diversity workforce is pivotal in the success of a company when considered from a perspective of long run; it generates constant cash flow which in turn satisfies the shareholders of a company. This whole process is extremely important for any organization looking to expand or for that matter looking to sustain its growth. “Buying power, particularly in today’s global economy, is represented by people from all walks of life (ethnicities, races, ages, abilities, genders, sexual orientations, etc.) To ensure that their products and services are designed to appeal to this diverse customer base, “smart” companies, are hiring people, from those walks of life – for their specialized insights and knowledge. Similarly, companies who interact directly with the public are finding increasingly important to have the makeup of their workforces reflect the makeup of their customer base.” (Work Force Diversity, 23 November 2008). W
Introduction Company X is a computer manufacturer. As such it is vulnerable to a series of risks within its internal environment as well as its external ones. Technology and human based factors are particularly applicable in this scenario. Risk register Sources The eight sources of risk identified for Company X are: currency fluctuations, competition for the product, theft of goods, unforeseen alterations in distribution and production methods, incompetent administrators, changes in trade policy, machine failure and an earthquake. The major source of currency fluctuations is the acquisitions of foreign legal tender that will need to be converted into home currency. In other words, this is an economic factor. Although Company X is an international company, it is still headquartered in the United States and will need to channel their profits back to the US dollar. If the exchange rate at a certain point in time is high in a foreign country, it may be low in the home country such that profits which were estimated to be high there may actually end up being very low in the US (FEMA, 20010). Therefore, this volatility is what imposes risk the business. Competition for the product (another economic factor) stems from the fact that the computer manufacturing industry is moderately competitive. Therefore, there will be other companies that will try to offer more or less the same products and features that the company is offering and this will threaten its profitability. Theft of goods is affected by the level of insecurity within a country. Nonetheless, any business can lose its commodities through this avenue because it is not easily predictable. Theft is essentially a human factor. Changes can occur in distribution and production of the computers thus causing obsolescence or production of inferior goods. If a competitor creates a better way of producing goods and Company X insists on using traditional techniques, it could easily go out of business or witness a substantial loss in market share. These disruptions are technological factors. Incompetent administrators may be a source of business risk because managers or employees are subject to flaws and may not always be in a position to do what is right. Human factors such as these represent internal factors that the company can be subjected to. Changes in trade policy stem from political factors or those ones that have been instated by a particular government. To this end, they could affect Company X’s profitability as well as its position within the computer manufacturing industry. Machine failure is a physical factor that relates to the resources owned by a particular enterprise. Since this organization engages in production processes, it is highly dependent on machines and may experiences losses in profits because manufacturing is essential to the profitability of this company. Lastly, an earthquake stems from a natural force that can occur and cause a standstill to Company X’s operations. Risk category    Risk
For the role specialization of a family nurse practitioner, it is crucial to have advanced skills in providing health care for families and individuals of various ages, nations and social status. Therefore, it is important to practice individual care and focus on a patient’s health disorders, including those that might appear as side effects of the treatment. The research of opioid crisis is proved to be necessary nowadays because of increasing cases of addiction to opioid drugs used for pain relief. To obtain updated information on the given problem, certain library research strategies were defined, including thorough analysis of the latest medical articles published over the past year. As some researchers state, the threat of opium crisis is a reality, and more than half a million people may die from this drug in the near future (O’Brien, 2017). Excessive use of such opioid medications as tramadol, methadone, naltrexone, and buprenorphine causes addiction and may lead to overdose. Therefore, the main goal of healthcare professionals is to prevent addiction by appointing appropriate treatment and varying the time of opioid drug consumption according to the psychological characteristics of a patient. It is also crucial to treat patients properly if they became addicted to the drug. There is an opinion that “the detoxification system for opioids should be re-engineered with the creation of a “system of induction centers,” rather than a system of detoxification centers” (O’Brien, 2017, p. 44). The detection of present addiction to an opioid is essential to make proper decisions on the treatment. Some researchers mention studies about the risk factors for a patient who is prescribed an opioid drug to get addicted to it (Shappiro, 2017). It is noted that women with pain diagnosis are more likely to use opioid medications chronically after the prescription. It is also mentioned that the increases “in probability of continued use was noted when: the first prescription exceeded 10 or 30 days, the patient received a third prescription or when the cumulative dose exceeded 700 mg of morphine equivalents” (Shappiro, 2017, p. 28). Therefore, it is also important to observe the notices of a patient’s addiction to the drug. They might include requests for early refills and increased doses, as well as other signs of losing control. Keeping the balance between efficient treatment and over-prescribing of drugs is regarded to be essential in medical care. Detoxification programs play a significant rol
The socio-ecological model is a highly adaptable framework which can be used by health professionals to identify and deal with health issues, particularly due to its capacity to reveal the diverse yet interrelated issues affecting human behavior across the five levels of the model – individual, interpersonal, organizational, community/environment, and society/public policy (Pearson, Vaughan, Vaughan, & FitzGerald, 2005). This means that interventions can be directed at individual levels to achieve optimal outcomes. The proposed intervention discussed in this section is based on the society/public policy level of the model. It is already known that social exclusion is a social determinant of health that has continued to work individually and corroboratively to exacerbate the problem of excessive alcohol consumption among older adults (Briggs, Magnus, Lassiter, Patterson, & Smith, 2011). Consequently, it is important for the federal government to develop and implement legislation aimed at not only providing adequate information and education to the aged, but also assisting them to form and maintain social network groups. The legislation should be targeted at providing funds for federal and state health agencies to operate media campaigns on how to deal with factors mentioned in the lower levels of the socio-ecological model. For example, these media campaigns should provide rich contextual information on how to cope with retirement, how to remain physically fit, how to deal with the death of a spouse, and how to maintain social relationships using already existing community networks. Media campaigns targeting the elderly must be established in a way that demonstrates the multiple levels of influence of the various factors related to social exclusion (Pearson et al., 2005). For instance, the federal government can involve health professionals in designing pamphlets that educate the elderly on the causes of excessive alcohol consumption by linking an individual-level factor such as attaining retirement age to an interpersonal-level factor such as family dissonance, and then linking the effects of the two factors to an organizational-level factor such as loss of social and emotional support systems. It is also important to include information on how alcohol consumption is related to the dynamics of ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status. Information on how the minorities are most likely to die from alcohol and drug-related deaths should be availed to the elderly through ta
Introduction According to Cant, Strydom and Jooste (2009, p.1), marketing is a vital element in the success of a firm. For example, marketing promotes a firm’s growth, profitability and growth. This arises from the fact that it entails a number of processes which are aimed at delivering value to the customers. Through marketing, a firm is able to establish a mutually beneficial relationship between the firm and the various stakeholders. In order to be successful in its marketing processes, a firm must incorporate the concept of marketing management. Kumar (2001, p.14) defines marketing management to include a number of activities such as planning, implementing, analyzing and controlling the various programs which a firm develops in an effort to maintain and grow the mutually beneficial exchange relationship established between the firm and its target market. Alternatively, the American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing management to include the process of planning and implementing marketing ideas conceived, promotion, distribution and pricing the firm’s goods and services in order to satisfy organizational and customer objectives (Kotler & Keller, 2006, p.65). This makes marketing management to be an action oriented science entailing a number of principles aimed at improving exchange relationships. Therefore, marketing management steers the firm operations towards attainment of the various organizational objectives. In addition, marketing management takes into consideration a number of activities which include analyzing the consumers’ needs, wants, product preferences and their perception. The resultant effect is that the firm becomes effective in formulating its marketing strategies such as product designing, distribution, communication and pricing (Kumar, 2001, p.14). Over the past few decades, there has been an increment in the intensity of competition. This presents a challenge to marketing managers in an effort to ensure that their firms remain competitive. In order to deal with the challenge, marketing managers are increasingly focusing on marketing management as one of the business functions which can contribute towards the survival of the firm as a going concern entity. This paper is aimed at evaluating the future trend of marketing management. Background of marketing management There are a number of assumptions in marketing management. One of the assumptions asserts that the desired exchanges are not automatic but result from intense expenditure in terms of energy, skills, time and supervision. In addition, managerial talents are required so as to effectively undertake functions such as product designing, pricing, packaging and distribution. According to Saxena (2005, p.76), marketing management is considered to be one of the core functions in the operation of a firm. This arises from the fact that it forms the basis upon which all other business management functions such as personnel finance and production management are based. Cons
Human society has been accumulating vast knowledge in various spheres. This knowledge has been usually utilized to address numerous issues people face. The development of such studies as psychology and applied psychology illustrates this tendency. It is possible to look into the way the applied psychology helps people solve particular issues in many spheres of their lives. This paper includes a brief account of the peculiarities of applied psychology and focuses on the way it helps people address such problems as stress. First, it can be beneficial to understand the background of applied psychology and take a brief look at the wider study. Psychology is a study that focuses on human behavior. The study has its roots in philosophy and has been researched for centuries. Greek philosophers tried to understand the peculiarities of the human soul. Aristotle contemplated on memory, imagination, will, and reason in his famous essay De anima ‘Of the Soul’ (Bekerian & Levey, 2012). Philosophers also introduced the system of people’s temperaments that explained individuals’ behavior. Philosophers of the Enlightenment period were more specific. Descartes with his scientific approach is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of psychological development. Modern researchers and later practitioners have tried to explain and shape people’s behaviors if necessary. It is possible to single out major theoretical themes that acquire the most attention. These topics of major interest are individual differences, motivation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge retention, information processing, habituation, task analysis, memory and so on (Bekerian & Levey, 2012). The accumulation of knowledge on these aspects has led to its application in various spheres.
Charles Dickens is a famous English writer-realist, the classic of world literature. His homeland was the town of Lendport located near Portsmouth, where he was born on February 7, 1812. In 1822, the Dickens family moved to London, where they happened to live in poverty, regularly selling household belongings. A 12-year-old Charles had to work hard for the pennies at the factory, although he was a gifted child. The poverty of the family, in which six children grew up, influenced Dickens’ childhood. When his father was taken under arrest because of debts, Charles left his school and had a job as a copyist in a lawyer’s office. Later Dickens took the place of an independent reporter who worked in a court. A 24-year-old Dickens published his first collection of essays entitled “Sketches by Boz” (his pseudonym). In 1837, he made his debut as a novelist and released “The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.” When married in 1836, Dickens and his wife sailed to Boston, where people greeted him as a very famous man in American cities. In the 1850s, the author scored a triumph: Dickens achieved fame, influence, wealth. Since 1858, he regularly arranged public readings of his books. However, everything was not smooth in the writer’s family. Constant quarrels with his wife and illnesses of his eight children led to the fact that he fell in love with a young actress. A difficult personal life was combined with intensive writing work: during this period of the biography the novels that made a significant contribution to his literary glory appeared. A troubled life did not have a good impact on his health, but Dickens worked without paying attention to numerous diseases. His latest novel, “The Mystery of Edwin Drood,” left unfinished: the writer died on June 9, 1870, in his estate as a result of a stroke. This English prose writer influenced the development of the genre of realism in the literature strongly, and his characters are known to the whole world today.
Introduction In contemporary business environment multinationals are establishing their manufacturing plants in countries with cheap factors of production and whose international and local markets are booming; India and China are among the most favored countries by multinationals. Current campaigns to conservation the environment have grown renewable energy industry in different parts of the world. Rainbow Power Company is an Australian multinational that manufactures and sells renewable energy products; the company wishes to establish whether it should follow other multinational strategy of establishing production lines in either China or India (Charles, 2011). This paper discusses the opportunities and threats that Rainbow Company could face after establishing production line in either India or China; at the end of the report, the report will give recommendations to the company on the best country of the two to establish a production line. The nature of the renewable/sustainable energy technology market India and china have the potential of using renewable energy sources as they have solar, wind, water, and geothermal energy potentials. India and China have sunshine throughout the year a factor that favor a production of solar panels; India has the capacity of producing 250KWH per month with only Rs. 5 Lacs. China has over 400 photovoltaic (PV) which in 2007 was able to produce 1700 MWs of solar panels where 99% of them were exported. The main manufacturers of solar panels that the Rainbow would have to compete with include GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited, Yunnan Semi-conductor Parts Plant, and Guofei Green Energy Source. India is considered as the “wind Superpower:, the country has a potential of developing 45000MW from its 13 main states. Such a potential is the opportunity that Rainbow Company should utilize on and come up with gadgets to tap the potential. India has potential of producing hydro-energy with only 20% of the country’s potential having been utilized; this shows that if Rainbow was to venture in the market, there are some blue oceans that it can take advantage (Gevorg, 2011). China on the other hand has wind potential that in 2010 wind energy accounted for 41.8 gig watts (GW) of the national electricity production; the government has plans to have the production and use of wind energy increased to 100 gig watts (GWs) by 2015. With the prospects that the government has, Rainbow Company has the opportunity of selling its products to the fast growing demand of the renewable energy products. The chart below shows the tread of use of wind energy in china: Chart 1 Wind power in the PRC                        2005   2006   2007   2008    2009    2010   Capacity (MW)          1,260  2,599  5,912  12,170  25,100  41,800 Production (GW·h)      1,927  3,675  5,425  12,425  25,000          India produces high fiber wastes from sugarcane, food grains, vegetables and fruits among other agricultural products; the wastes can be fer