ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Since 1979 when the first microcomputer came to the US and Great Britain there has been very extensive growth in the areas of computers. Since that time humanity started to speak of different signs of “computer addiction” – the term stands to emphasize the seriousness of the problem and implies the possibility of drastic consequences that computer mania might have. Contrary to existing views the problem of computer addiction exists, humanity needs to be extremely cautious of its bad effects and it has to work out appropriate treatment to help computer-dependent people to solve their problems. In the current paper, we will explore the problem with the emphasis made on the bad effects of computer addiction and possible solutions that might be offered to reduce them to a minimum or to get rid of computer addiction at all. The reality of modern life is such that personal computers and Internet access have been proliferating across the world. Everyday activities at home, work, and school are increasingly dependent upon computers. Through the Internet, the computer becomes a useful tool for communication. The importance of computers and the Internet, in particular, can hardly be overestimated but their properties that promote addictive behaviors should not be neglected. Cyberspace that computers and the Internet create may result in cyber disorders such as virtual relationships that evolve into online marital infidelity or online sexually compulsive behaviors. An increasing mental health concern, cyber disorders have been identified to diagnose serious issues related to Internet use (Young & Rogers 25). The side effects that computer overuse has to speak for the fact that computer addiction exists. Moreover, the existence of computer addiction in modern society is proven by Margaret Shotton’s research. The author conducts an investigation that proves the existence of computer dependency through obtaining the facts from a number of sources, namely, existing literature on the problem, the authors of the literature, and other psychologists, computer studies teachers, and professional care agencies. Personal contact was made with people who worked with computers and average computer users. They all showed belief in the occurrence of the syndrome of computer dependency. Though the respondents did not consider the syndrome to be a widespread problem believing that it affected only a few individuals among the vast number of computer users but the research still confirmed the existence of the syndrome of computer dependency (Shotton 20). The research has shown that interviewees had both psychological (inability to stop the activity; neglect of family and friends; problems with them, etc) and physical (carpal tunnel syndrome; dry eyes; migraine headaches; backaches) sympt
Introduction Business communication is the communication that deals with promotion of a product. In this sense a product may be anything a company or an organization produces including its services. It may also include the organization itself. The relay of communication within the business or the organization can also deal with legal issues. Business communication therefore means the passing of information from one end of a supply chain to another. This means that communication can also be between the consumer and the manufacturer. Communication in the work place should be effective such that good communication skills are enhanced. This work reviews the role, effects, and the trends of business communication in a business environment. The Role of Business Communication in the Work Place Good interpersonal and communication skills can make a person’s career prosper. Employers and workers are known to benefit from top-notch communication skills. Effective communication skills bring about good rapport by establishing familiarity. Establishment of familiarity brings about trust with clients and co-workers and not forgetting the rivals. Business communication helps in solving conflicts within and outside the organization. A manager who has effective communication skills will always be tactful in dealing with disagreements. It is quite agreeable that when conflicts are handled tactfully by managers or workers, there will be no addition of ripples to the turmoil. It should be understood that in the first place, miscommunication is the reason that creates conflict. When good communication strategies are employed by the staff of the organization, team members will always get along smoothly thereby increasing the productivity of the business. Communication also finds its place during meetings (Fielding, 2006). An employee may be required by their company to attend and participate in different meetings. This means that communication skills must be employed to bring about productivity. One of the reasons why communication skills are inevitable is that it enhances the exchange of ideas and strategic decisions (Harris, Brewster, & Sparrow, 2004). This can also be useful during business negotiations especially when dealing with arguments. It is worth noting that effective communication does not only imply to verbal relay of messages. It also entails good listening skills. This is also an essential part of communication because it includes taking notes of the decisions made by a particular panel of business associates during business meetings. It is important to note that business communication plays an important role in an organization’s day to day operations. These operations include checking e-mails and replying to all messages that are important in the functions of the business. Communication is also vital in inquiring from customers during such operations as research (Fielding, 2006). Modern methods of c
Introduction Japan as a country constitutes of 3000 islands and has the 10 th largest population in the world, standing at 128 million people. Archeological research indicates that their initial cultural practices were mainly influenced by the Chinese, and then this was later followed by a long duration of isolation from any external influence. Before the adoption of the new constitution in 1947 (courtesy of Americans), their system of governance was that of Shogunate style. But since then, they have maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial emperor and highly powered upper house parliament ( Reischauer, 200-205). Japan’s Tokugawa Shogunate which literally means “military dictatorship” was established in the year 1603. This period saw the ushering of a very prolonged period of Japan’s isolation from foreign influence for more than two centuries. During that time, Japan in turn secured a powerful kingdom that enjoyed stability both in the political realm and traditional cultural sense. In 1854, Japan signed a treaty with the United States (the Kanagawa Treaty) which saw it open up its ports for business with the rest of the world as well as an outlet to their modernization and industrialization strategy (Sugimoto et al, pp. 50-54). By the late 20 th Century, Japan had grown into a powerful region such that countries like Russia and China were no match to it. The superiority attitude got into them, took a toll and they decided to invade Korea, Taiwan, and South Sakhalin Island which they all occupied. Japan surged with the inversion trend undeterred, in 1937, it launched a large-scale inversion of China and four years later in 1941, it attacked the US, triggering the entry of America to the Second World War. The US-led bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki cities of Japan led to a great economic slump in Japan. The attack brought the country to a point of near extinction. In order to revive themselves and be once again on their feet, Japan decided to form an ally with the US…the results were positive, as they eventually recovered their economy, their emperor retained a powerful status more than ever before (this stability became a symbolize national unity), they elected political leaders and established a strong input of bureaucracy and business executives. Though the Japanese economy experienced a great slowdown towards the end of the 20 th Century, as a result of unprecedented growth for thirty years, it still remains a major economic power not only in Asia but Globally. Post War Period As a common saying goes, “I might be down, but not out”. The Japanese knew this so well that they could make it practical and revive their economic survival…but this success highly depended on how they had to treat themselves after the war. The damage had been do
The review relates apparent production concepts and elements portrayed on the stage. It focuses on performance and principles of performers by looking at sounds, movements, and gestures. It also reviews styles of performance based on acting styles and performance as well as themes and production concepts. The entire story of the Wild Bride emanates from the dance that creates the stage. The girl (Audrey Brisson) shows innocence as she jumps and embraces her father (Stuart Goodwin) and giggles. We can notice that the father loves her daughter. The daughter also loves her father. However, we have a father tricked into trading his daughter to the Devil with devastating results. Stuart McLoughlin (the Devil) negotiates a business deal with the father of the Bride to sale the backyard with everything in it. The father did not realize that her daughter was there too. As a result, she must escape from the Devil’s grip. The Devil realizes that the girl’s hands are too pure for him and asks the girl’s father to chop them off for him. However, the girl retains her purity in her soul. As a result, the girl cannot forgive her father, starts her adventure into woods, and turns into a wild woman. We can follow the typical journey of the Bride from the wilderness to redemption. Emma Rice (Director) combines various elements of performance such as dance, music, design, and poetry. This results into a passionate theatrical creation that sways the audience through various performances such as horror, surprise, pathos, and comic actions. The wild woman becomes the Bride after her encounter with the Prince in the woods. We can notice that the Kneehigh production has a well-executed and enthusiastic theater work. It asserts the role of humanity as we realize this through images and sounds on the stage. Three different performers play the role of the woman at different ages (Audrey Brisson, Patrycja Kujawska, and Eva Magyar). We note the role of the song and dance in these transition processes. We can notice the pain, confusion, endurance, and the final transformation of the girl. Every performance achieves an instant of appalling magnificence and insight. This tripartite performance gives unusual transformation and depth to the performance because we can see all the women embrace different ages of the daughter, including her future. We recognize the piece of music from Ian Ross, Stuart Goodwin, and Stuart McLoughlin. The blue music acts as the center of the play. However, we can notice other styles, which show and emphasize the emotional appeal of the performance. The Kneehigh production does not refer to the word ‘cast’, but it uses ‘performer’. This is an attempt to show various skills from different performers. We can also note that the work deviates from the confinement of the usual drama performances. The performance reflects Kneehigh styles of singing, dancing, performing, and playing music. This seems to be the norm of Rice’s productions. We can recognize the enchanting voice of the girl from the mu
Women and politics used in one sentence still cause a negative reaction in many people since the idea that a woman’s responsibility is home is rooted deeply. However, it should be noted that in several countries today, there is a new trend – more and more women are participating in political life in both local and global terms. In some countries, women are presidents and heads of government, for example, in Latvia or Argentina (Miles, 2016). As practice shows, for women, the issues of ecology, child protection, health care, social protection of the population, etc. come to the forefront (Samier, 2015). This paper focuses on exploring the political underrepresentation of women in the politics of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Caused by a patriarchal system, male dominance, and Muslim values, the underrepresentation of the UAE women in politics may be improved by the promotion of awareness, gender equality, and prevention of violence against them. This paper will discuss reasons that caused the identified problem and opportunities that were already implemented as well as those that may enhance the situation in the future. Male control and support for the patriarchal political system are the causes of the specified problem, which were created over many centuries. As stated by Auster and Prasad (2016), dominant organizational ideologies are still preventing women from occupying top positions in politics (see Graph 1). This phenomenon is observed in the example of the UAE, where women are considered only in terms of family and home opportunities (Auster & Prasad, 2016). The election procedure and standards for evaluating politicians were developed during the times of the domination of masculine qualities necessary for the constant conduct of fierce, internal conflicts, and external wars (Yaghi & Antwi‐Boateng, 2015). Meanwhile, the participation of women deputies in the work of parliaments and other representative bodies is extremely important not only for women themselves but society as a whole. As it is specified by Soffan (2016), the fact is that the current political system is also based on the ideas of winners and losers as well as competitions and confrontations rather than a systematic discussion and search for compromises. As a result, after elections and appointments, key positions were not held by the most talented and skilled persons, who could primarily care about the welfare of their citizens, according to the assumptions of Mahdavi (2013). Not to mention the fact that some politicians were sure of the imperfection of the biological nature of women (Zahlan, 2016). In their turn, women did not have enough confidence and power to make the system change. Therefore, they did not participate in the adoption of key decisions, determine a vector of development of the state, and their opinion was not taken into account as appropriate (Williams, Wallis, & Williams, 2013). Women think more about the standard of living of people, including education, health, social security, living conditions, family, and culture. They are more altruis
Greek God and Goddess have not been given any proper mention in The Bible, but at more instances it has been given reference as unknown gods and the goddess to the people of Asian origin like the goddess Diana. These inferences were made in such cases while trying to show non-followers of Jesus Christ how futile they were being by trusting in false gods. Acts 17:23 says, “For as I walked around and looked carefully at your objects of worship, I even found an altar with this inscription: to an unknown god. Now what you worship as something unknown I am going to proclaim to you” (Brooks, 2000) The entire Bible has pointedly and has concisely found to distinguish the actual difference between truth and untruth, filth and purity, sinfulness and righteousness. One can see into details that correlate to determine how mankind is here to create its own alterations, exceptions, and additional facets to the otherwise straightforward, God-ordained definitions. To make an explicit mention of Greek gods and goddesses will lead to another futile search for truth and untruth attempt in every strict meaning, thereby cultivating a more than the difficult condition that would suppress the desire to pursue the tempting untruths of this world (Connop, 1885). The Bible has called for a search for truth, and Greek gods have more of a false identity, and hence the greatest duty of the human is to find the ultimate truth which has engulfed the final source of peace and joy and hence for the same one would require the
Music nowadays is represented by an immense amount of styles and genres that can satisfy the most demanding listener. Rock music stands proudly among this variety of styles, being the most impressive, beautiful, and contradictory one. While some people consider it just a lot of noise, for me, rock is the best music style because of its powerful drive, emotional richness, and freedom of sound. Rock is not just music, but also the unique cultural phenomenon of the last century. It is often associated with the outcry of protest against ingrained social norms, which is reflected in remarkably expressive vocal techniques, a showy closing style of the musicians, their impudent behavior, and often obscene lyrics. The rock bands always try to speak the same language with the listener and establish a high level of interactivity. Their audience is never passive; the listeners are engaged in very emotional communication. The emergence of such an expressive music style was made possible by the invention of the electric guitar in the 20s of the XX century and by the social transformations of the postwar period. The electric guitar became popular among the jazz and blues musicians, who experimented with the sound and eventually came close to the creation of the new style. The beginning of the rock’n’roll era is usually connected with the formation in 1960 of the prominent The Beatles band, who became a world sensation. The succeeding bands, with my favorite The Rolling Stones among them, made them sound significantly harder and crystallized hard rock and heavy metal. Further experiments with the sound, adding the elements of other music styles, led to the emergence of a vast amount of rock sub-styles. Among those are the psychedelic rock, folk-rock, glam rock, art rock, alternative rock, and many more. The most significant peculiarities and the very philosophy of rock music can be shown on the example of The Rolling Stones band. With hundreds of millions of fans and the remarkable music legacy, they are considered the greatest rock band in modern history. From the start of their creative activity, The Rolling Stones positioned themselves as notorious naughty guys who disregard the social norms. They cultivated their music style in the spirit of protest and eventually formed the canonic rock sound with its vivid distortion and catchy guitar riffs. From the first sound, their music
Introduction Metropolis (1927) is a silent cinema, which is a prophetic (somewhat dramatic) science-fiction film produced in Germany by the Universal Film AG (UFA) at the height of the Weimar republic. Directed by Fritz Lang, produced by Erich Pommer and starring Brigitte Helm, Alfred Abel and Gustav Fröhlich, the movie is considered to be the first of its kind, that is, of a science-fiction genre. It opened the door to a fictional world, influencing other fictional films such as Star Wars and Forbidden Planet. It is set in a futuristic city predicting the effects of technology and rapid industrialization (Minden & Bachmann, 2002). Considered to be the biggest budgeted movie ever produced by UFA who found it hard to recoup its costs, the film revolves around a preacher/prophet named Maria (Brigitte Helm), who foresees the coming of a savior/mediator, and her love interest, Freder (Gustav Froehlich): the son of the city’s mastermind, Jon Fredersen (Alfred Abel). Main Body Maria and Freder meet at the eternal gardens, where Freder spends most of his time. Freder is amazed by her talk about togetherness and decides to follow her to the depths of Metropolis. On his way, he sees a horrific accident in the machine halls where workers work in despair. He confronts his father about it but is turned away on the notion that the workers deserved it. Freder, interested in the plight of the workers, is determined to do something but needs to track Maria first to learn more. This sudden interest forces Fredersen to hire an investigator to follow Freder. In the meantime, Fredersen witnesses Maria preaching patience in the hope that a savior who will reconcile the ruling and the working classes will emerge among them. Fredersen does everything in his power to destroy Maria and break the resistance. He orders the making of a robot of Maria replica, which he would use to motivate the workers to violence so that he can apply force to them. To make this happen, he kidnaps Maria. Fredersen has a bigger plan to destroy the city. Fredersen is at odds with his son who sees himself as the savior and believes in Maria’s teachings. Metropolis is on the verge of total destruction as crowds hunt for Maria and her evil replica, and workers attempt to kill Freder and destroy the city’s generator driven by rage. Maria escapes to the workers’ city, which is now flooding with children left behind by the workers. The children were saved by Maria and Freder. The Maria double is burned revealing the machine. At the end, Freder acting as a mediator secures a truce between Fredersen and the workers. The film premiered on January 10, 1927 in Berlin and was greeted with a strong attendance. The audience was blown away by the spectacular scenes and showered Lang and Helm with flowers at the end of the film. However, criticisms of the film were echoed around the world, especially from one of its inspirations, H.G. Wells who describes Metropolis as the silliest film ever. Conclusion Metropolis represe
Employee diversity at the workplace is seen in terms of religion, race, gender, as well as age. Employee motivation is a key factor towards the success of any organization. Employees, with time age, and as such experience different changes in their adult life which alters the way in which they view life. The effects of these age related changes are transferred to the work place. These changes also do have a bearing on employees’ motivation. As such there is need for organization managers to acknowledge the fact that ageing employees have unique needs, which have to be met in order to motivate them to be more productive. There are a number of motivational factors that organizational manager can employ to motivate the aging labor force. There a number of motivational factors that can affect motivation for an aging labor force. It is vital for organizational managers to effectively understand personality complexities of aging employees (Kanfer and Ackerman 441). Studies reveal that aging employees go through certain personality changes which effectively affect motivate. With age, personality becomes more stable but there are certain personality traits that become weaker. Such include unreservedness, neuroticism, and openness, which reduce significantly as employees grow old. As such aging employees become less appreciative of new knowledge and skills. Meanwhile, aging employees notably show increase in conscientiousness and agreeableness. As such, organizational managers should use Maslow’s needs hierarchy as the basis of understanding and meeting employees needs (444). Moreover, organizational managers should understand that as employees become older the need to protect their self concept increases. This has implications as they will be less willing to appreciate new career development activities that are seen as interfering personal self concept. Rewarding is another factor that will affect motivation. Because of the changes that the aging employees goes through, organization manager needs to understand the right kind of rewards to use on the aging workforce. Thus the best kinds of rewards for an aging labor force are those that reinforce Vocational interests (445) as well as personal values; studies show that older employees have a higher appreciation of personal values such as of peace and security (447). Furthermore, employees young and old experience both negative and positive emotion. However, older employees experience lesser negative emotions and more positive emotional stability (446). As such the use of positive emotions will motivate aging employees. Organizational mangers can make older employees learn and set more achievable goes through leadership. Studies reveal that two leadership styles, transfo