ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction At the dawn of the new technology and especially in this information age, protecting the same information is very crucial to it. The information technology is propelling development in every field of development including politics, healthcare, manufacturing and agriculture. The corporate world has also benefited a great deal. With such extensive knowledge and competition in place, there are risks that have come to exist and have necessitated the need of information security. This concept means to safeguard information from unlawful persons. This is to ensure that the information is cannot be accessed, used, modified, destroyed or disrupted by any means by unauthorized individual(s). The aim of security assurance for information is to guarantee confidentiality, discretion, attainability and integrity of authentic information. The Basic Concept of Information Security For over two decades now three main elements of information security have been developed to form the basis of safeguard information from illegal access. These basic principles include; availability – which refers to the appropriate and dependable access to authentic information and it’s subsequence usage (Kartalopoulos 34) – which is described as protecting information against inappropriate modification or destruction and this entails making sure that information is authentic and not subject to repudiation; and integrity – confidentiality – which is a principles that preserves authorized discretion on accessing and disclosing information and this also covers safeguarding individual privacy as well as proprietary information (Cheswick 83). Prudence ascertains that information is not exposed to unauthorized people. This is a very important principle since the increased use of online shopping poses a great risk to personal information. For instance, today many people shop using their credit cards and this automatically means that they have to load in their pin numbers for the transactions to be successful (Kartalopoulos 34). There are databases that have been created to enforce confidentiality by reducing the locations that the number has to appear and encrypting the information (Cheswick 85). Nonetheless if an unauthorized individual finds access to the number, then this is breach of confidentiality despite the means used. Over the recent past hacking and subsequ
Introduction Clayton County Division of Family and Children Services seeks to address the county’s vulnerable and disadvantaged citizens’ changing needs with various support services and innovative initiatives. The agency expresses its deepest commitment to building and fostering a safe and self-sufficient community and brings the change about through actions and decisions. The scope of the agency’s practice is fairly as it endeavors to tackle child abuse cases, poverty, unemployment, and homelessness. The organization is also responsible for finding foster homes for maltreated and neglected children; for instance, in 2016, Clayton County Division finalized 15 adoptions. On their website, Clayton County Division provides comprehensive information about their services and orders of procedures. Student-In-Organization Perspective Clayton County Division of Family and Children Services in Georgia has not put up any job advertisements. However, it is fair to notice that in such organizations, students and recent graduates may fulfill a variety of roles due to the agency’s broad work scope and outreach. Possible positions are a family therapist, family advocate, client assessment management, and grant writing manager. The experience will help them develop a wide range of competences varying from hard to soft skills. The work at such an agency may reveal the reality of a profession that deals with people in need. It may be inspiring if the mission aligns with a participant’s beliefs. About the Agency Although the agency boasts a clear mission and vision statement and pursues noble goals, it is not devoid of problems. As of now, customer services leaves a lot to be desired. The agency’s online reputation is compromised by numerous negative reviews that constitute an overall rating of 1,5 out of 5. It is crucial to address the slow processing, employees’ indifference and inaccessibility. A consolidated survey on the 2017-2019 strategy showed that the Department failed to outline how it plans to attain the set goals (Georgia Division of Family and Children Services, 2017b). The strategy’s priorities are confusing, i.e., giving preference to non-safety issues as opposed to dire safety needs. The Impact of the Agency on an Individual Clayton County Division of Family and Children Services has the power to make significant positive changes in community members’ lives. According to recent statistics, the poverty rate in Georgia is higher than the country’s average, 18% and 14,2% respectively (Index Mundi, 2013). The situation is looking even bleaker in Clayton that has a poverty rate of 24% (Index Mundi, 2013). With a timely intervention, the agency guides vulnerable citizens on their path to independence, strengthens families, and protects children. If community members volunteer for Clayton County Division, apply for work there, or contribute in any other meaningful way, the agency has an impact on their personal philosophy. The Impact of an Individual on the Agency The impact that an
North Korea’s threat to the United States Recent events have raised issues concerning North Korea’s threat to the United States. In addition, North Korea’s missile launch has raised alarm on the country’s nuclear threat. Of great concern is its ability to cause a collapse of United State’s infrastructure through electromagnetic pulse attack. Recent observations place North Korea as a threat to United States’ electric grid as well as other infrastructures which are controlled by electricity and communication network. Moreover, the country has capability of arming its missiles with nuclear warheads which can also reach the United States. In essence, North Korea poses a big threat to United States’ infrastructure through EMP attack from the south pole which is not protected. Therefore, even though United States is more powerful than North Korea, the former should be concerned about potential threats posed by the latter on its infrastructure (Martinez, 2013, p. 1). Thomas Schelling’s ideas on the threat According to Thomas Schelling, a country can only deal rationally with threat through its foreign policy. In this regard, he argues that game theory best fits such as situation. For instance, he comes up with four steps in his theory that would best assist the United States in defending itself against potential nuclear threat from North Korea. The first step he talks about is Nuclear deterrence. He believes that this would help United States to prevent North Korea from launching its missiles because the latter knows the consequences of such a mission. This could be true to some extent although it is necessary to understand that some leaders are usually deluded by their military strength that they tend to believe they could win any war. A good example is former Iraq president who knew he couldn’t fight the United States but kept trying. Therefore, based on the nature of leadership shown by North Korean presidents, such delusions are certain to occur. Nonetheless, nuclear deterrence has worked to contain North Korea for sometime even though they are slowly bridging the military gap by testing nuclear missiles. The next step Schelling talks about is Coercion. However, this has not worked effectively as it could since North Korea has continued to show their might through testing of missiles. This has forced United States to use the United Nations to bar North Korea from continuing with its missile launching activities. However, this has also failed. In fact, according to James Woolsey, a former CIA director, North Korea is least concerned with sanctions because this has existed for decades. Moreover, recent missile launches have prompted South Korea to convene negotiations with North Korea over security concerns. This shows the level of concern North Korea brings to these countries (Woolsey & Pry, 2013, p. 1). Schelling’s third step has been utilized severally by the United States, even though it has not worked in North Korea. Bargaining an
Executive Summary When it comes to handling employees in a workplace, a leader/manager must be able to take into account the requirements of the economy and current market trends in order to become successful. In the culture of most organizations, there are various types of employees, with different ethnic, sexual, religious backgrounds. It is also a given that different age groups exist within the company. In the case of older and younger workers, it was noted that a level of discrimination between younger and older workers exists. Older workers show deficiencies in the handling of the modern technical processes, while the younger generation was thought of by the older generation as being immature and lacking in sufficient experience in the respective areas they should specialize in. It is due to these levels of discrimination that friction occurs between different employees within the company resulting in a bad workplace environment (Grossmann, 2013:20). As such, an effective leader should be able to address such issues resulting in better performance and cooperation from the employees and fewer problems within the company. Introduction Prejudice has, in the past few decades, become a significant issue for business for a number of reasons. This can encompass problems with the prejudice of managers on employees or the prejudice of employees against each other. This report examines a number of these prejudices along with an explanation for a possible answer to a number of problems on the part of the leadership on the basis of the methods that are shown. A review of the relevant literature is applied in each section of the report with the findings being summarized in the report’s concluding section. Problem The prejudices within workplace environments can have a very real impact on company performance resulting in reduced efficiency and effectiveness. Some of these prejudices have to do with age, religion, gender while others are simply differences in ideological beliefs. For example, there are prejudices between the different age groups in terms of technical skills and experience. These distinctions among different employees have led to the adoption of new laws in order to prevent discriminatory practices. One way of understanding the impact of discrimination within the workplace is through the study of Yang Konrad which showed the negative impact of workplace discrimination on the performance of the company (Yang & Konrad, 6-38) Their examination showed that many companies still have not understood that in order to compete in a diverse competitive market, it is necessary for diversity in the company’s workforce to be achieved in order to become more competitive. This view shows that diversity in the workplace is by nature a necessary aspect for companies in order to better target their consumer markets.
The article under consideration is dedicated to the root causes of the U.S. economic crisis, and possible ways for recovery (Brown, and Lundblad 42). The authors Gregory Brown and Christian Lundblad, professors of finance, suppose that the root cause of the economic crisis in the United States was not the collapse of the housing market, as many experts tend to think. The subject of investigation is the research of possible causes which led to the economic collapse and the most appropriate ways to stimulate the national economy for future development. In a conclusion, the authors present the possible way to stimulate the economy: “investment in innovative technologies, education, and job training” (Brown, and Lundblad 42). The article describes the root causes of the financial crisis in the U.S. and possible ways to solve the problem. Taking into account the urgency of the topic and its intelligibility, the paper may be used for the courses of finance and economy. The authors clearly state the hypothesis that the main cause of the crisis is excessive consumption and prove the statement applying to statistical data. The article under consideration was taken from the financial journal and was appropriate for analysis because it had the majority of features necessary for papers of this type. The structure of the article is defined by its content and purpose. Brown and Lundblad used statistical data to support their ideas and the results of the investigation. The authors emphasize that the results of the investigation could be different from actual data because of unexpected factors. On the ground that the paper is of theoretical specificity, the chosen method, data collection, and analysis can be considered as an optimal decision. The work by Brown and Lundblad is structured logically and reflects in full statistical analysis and conclusions of the paper. The findings of the research are logical and expected because the authors developed a probative line of arguments. Brown and Lundblad apply for unquestionable factual data by the Congressional Budget Office which highlights the internal validity of the paper. The conclusions of the study by Brown and Lundblad are consequential and grounded by solid argumentation which leads to construct validity. The statistical conclusion does not give rise to doubt as well. The authors use reliable statistical data which predetermined the result of the investigation. The illustrations of the authors’ ideas perfectly match the content of the paper. Brown and Lundblad conclude that the main cause of the crisis is excessive consumption and state that the best way to improve the situation is through the introduction of innovative technologies and requalification. The researchers’ findings are objective and corroborated by reliable facts. Brown and Lundblad suggest possible areas of investment that could be beneficial for the national economy as a further area for research which is quite viable considering the purpose of investigation. The authors suggest possible practical ways (innovative technologies and requalification) to stimulate the national economy. Still,
Introduction The multinational corporations (cement) who are operating their operation in Bangladesh have identified the going getting rigid (tougher) gradually amid a muscular show by few numbers of local companies who are very ambitious. A many the many multinational corporations in cement sector, Holcim, Lafarge cement and so on are now leading the cement business. Scan cement is also the leading multinational leading cement company. They hold their position among top ten. Main text Though they are the leading companies in the world they only cover around 1/3 of the Bangladesh market. It is said by the official of the above-mentioned multinational companies. They also said that the local companies dispute this proportion. They are (local companies) are hovering around 20% of the total demand. Scan cement of Heidelburg group which is working in Bangladesh for about a decade biggest companies among the foreign companies) has “only 12% market share said the industry officials. This is the only company for the last couple of years which has expanded capacity in Bangladesh.” (Ahmed, 18 May 2008). The spokesman of Holcim cement, Shankar Kumar Roy said on a press briefing that the market share of Holcim cement is only 8 percent. In spite of bringing three plants in quick success about 6 years back as it planned to come as the most powerful cement company in the country. Lafarge, the world’s first largest cement producing and marketing company in the world is struggling to survive. The same passion is going on for the second-largest cement company Cemex (The Dubai-based multinational cement company). Emirates is now in the position to stop the production in Bangladesh. They come with a big bang. Now their market share has been reduced to around 20%. Said Aminul Haque , senior vice president of Bangladesh cement manufacturers Association. ““They arrived in such a quick manner and with so much capacity and financial muscle that we thought local companies would have to simply fold up and watch their show.” Said Haque (Also the managing director of the premier cement). Now they are struggling to compete leaving the local companies to dictate the market for the first time in many years.” (Ahmed, 18 May 2008). Shaw cement who came in the Bangladeshi market in 2001 is acting as the pioneer for the local companies. So in the light of the above discussion it is crystal clear the local firm of Bangladesh ate dominating the market of cement. The giant multinationals who came up with the huge financial and technological support can’t cope with the local companies. Here the assumption what they have taken is failed. They did get the virgin market in Bangladesh and they had the huge financial support. Their assumption was that they would set up a monopoly market here. But due to the proper analytical ability of the cement producing firm of Bangladesh and their innovation accounting theory make the multinationals go on the way to lose.
Change management and leadership principles Change management is an ongoing process in an organization. It results from the dynamic nature of business environment. Managing change is often challenging for top managers. Use of efficient change management and leadership principles make change management successful. First, the management needs to embrace system thinking in an organization. Besides, they need to integrate the three approaches in system thinking in daily running of an organization. The three approaches used in this process are life cycle thinking, stakeholder engagement and complexity thinking. These three approaches make implementation of change successful. Second, management should ensure that there are structured communication channels in the organization. It helps in disseminating information efficiently to all staff members. Also, it makes it easy to involve most employees in the change management process. Moreover, it helps in minimizing resistance during implementation. Also, change management requires strategic re-positioning and visioning. The organization should be in a position to embrace change at any time. It can achieve this through coming up with flexible strategic plans. In addition, the organization requires right staffing. The human resource functions need to be aligned to the strategic plans of the organization. It guarantees smooth change management as experience at Unilever Company. Corporate sustainability Sustaining corporate phase aims at redefining trade environment in the interest of a sustainable world while giving sustainability a place in the strategies of a firm. The management needs to create a constructive corporate culture that restores long-term feasibility of the organization as an essential part of the society. Corporate sustainability entails production of sustainable products and services, reorganized supply and production distribution system, building human and relational capital, and social contribution. The mode comprise of seven phases, these are rejection, non responsiveness, compliance, efficiency, strategic pro-activity, and the sustaining corporation. Efficiency and strategic ‘pro-activity phase’ creates value for the organization. Efficiency stage aims at designing the system. It views human resource system as a means to higher productivity and efficiency. In ad
What types of strikes are protected by the NLRA? The NLRA covers several strikes (Budd, 2009). The act covers strikes against unfair labor practices, i.e., employees protest against some unlawful employers’ activities. Economic strikes are also covered. Thus, when employees protest against small salaries or benefits, they are protected by the act. Recognition strikes i.e. strikes aimed at making the employer recognize the union, are also protected by the NLRA. Jurisdictional strikes are aimed at protesting against the assignment of certain tasks or responsibilities to other unions or a group of employees. These strikes are also covered by the act. What types of strikes are Unprotected by the NLRA? Some strikes are not protected by the NLRA as they are seen illegally (Budd, 2009). A sit-down strike is regarded unlawful as the employees sit at their places, they do not work, and prevent others from accessing their workplace. Thus, the employer is deprived of the property, which is equal to endangering the property. Strikes that pose a threat to the property are also regarded as illegal. Strikes that are aimed at featherbedding are also seen as unlawful. Notably, the NLRA does not protect strikes, which violate some agreements between the employer and employees. Does this make sense, or should all types of strikes be treated equally? Admittedly, some strikes should not be protected, as they can lead to destruction and violence. For instance, if there is a danger to the property, the gathering cannot be regarded as a manifestation of employees’ needs, but it is, rather, an illegal activity. However, sit-down strikes should not be regarded as unlawful as employers often replace the strikers and simply ignore employees’ demands. It is possible to regard sit-down strikes as illegal, but the employers should not be allowed to replace the strikers in that case. It will force employers to start the dialogue. To what extent aspects of labor relations in other countries should be adopted in the United States? Unionism is the USA that is well-developed and business-oriented, which makes it, rather, effective. It may lack some political component. For instance, in France unionism is characterized by its political orientation (Budd, 2009). Thus, unions have often affected the decisions made by the government. This can be adopted by US unions to a certain extent. Nonetheless, it is crucial to add the political component thoughtfully as there is a chance to create unions that are more concerned with the political situation in the country rather than on specific relations between particular employers and their employees. Should the United States adopt mandatory works councils? Why or why not? Mandatory works councils should not be introduced in the USA in the nearest future