ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Historical immigration of Arabs to United States The relations between the Arabs and the Americans continue to remain vivid even though the Americans first moves to contain the continually immigrating Arabs led to a rift between the two countries. The working together of the two countries dates back to the mid 18 th century when the first group from the Arab countries immigrated into the United States (Peacock, Thornton & Inman, 2007). The main objective of these immigrants was to run from the continued famine in their land due to the collapse of Silk Company. Therefore, they opt to move to the border of the United States to seek assistance over their deteriorating economic status. However, they never followed the set procedures of entry into America making America regard them as intruders into their land. Over time, the people remained unrecognized and therefore did not receive any help from the American government. Shipler (2004) notes that earlier on before the personalized attempts by the Arabs to immigrate to America, the Spanish had earlier transported some of the Arabs from their country to work as slaves in America. Therefore, by the earlier 15 th century some of the Arabs had settled in the some of the American states such as California. Upon the transportation of these slaves back to their country, the other slaves who had already settled in different unknown places especially the slums of California acted as an avenue to absorb more Arabs into the region in the later centuries. Apart from the slaves brought to America by the Spanish explorers, the first attempt to immigrate from Arab to America was made in the mid 18 th century by the Wahab Family as they moved to occupy the outer banks of the Northern part of California. During this time, a king from Arab in the Wahab family set to go to the land of America and establish an Islamic religion. This acted as an avenue to spread Islamic religion to all other regions that did not practice the Islamic religious beliefs (Shipler, 2004). Therefore, the king together with his family and other members of the Arab family accompanied him to an island in the North of California where he bought a colonial land and settled. Thereafter, they built the first Islamic mosque and gathered as a family to worship. Ocracoke Island called Island Inn, a hotel that still exists up to date. The group established a Wahab village of Muslims that later absorbed more immigrants o America. Visibility of the Arab immigrants after Palestine/Israel war Later on between 1828 and 1902, other immigrants moved to America in different missions. A Christian missionary, Hadj Philip Tedro, made his way into America through the Camel Driver Experiment in an attempt to establish a route from Texas to California during the Gold Rush period (Rothbart & Korostelina, 2006). In his attempt to spread Christianity during this period, he establishes in California as an immigrant. Later, his family to settle there follows him. In 1840, Ahmad Bin Na’man landed on the New York City through a ship. In 1880s, large groups from Arab landed in Amer
Thesis statement: The development of internet art is based on the thematic changes of the internet itself and is not based on outside cultural influences. When examining internet art, it can be seen that similar to physical art that undergoes stylistic trends and modifications over the years, internet art has also undergone an evolution towards interactivity between the art that is created and the user that is viewing it. Frost (2012) goes more in-depth in her explanation regarding the stylistic changes involved in the depiction of internet art wherein she notes that while art often times evolves as direct result of new cultural themes that influence artists, internet art evolves not out of changes to the culture of the artist, rather, it evolves based on the thematic changes seen on the internet itself (Frost, 468-469). For example, when examining the types of internet art created during the onset of the popularity of the internet such as the work of Claude Closky (Do you want love or lust), Tim Rollins (Prometheus Bound) and Kristin Lucas (Between a Rock and a Hard Drive) it can be seen that the art is static, meant primarily to
Introduction The US led global financial crisis that struck in 2007 and persisted through 08 and 09 adversely affected the stability of the global economy. The impact of the crisis escalated far beyond its point of origin (US) and affected the countries around the world while spilling over from the financial system into the real economy. The implications of the crisis were wide ranging and still difficult to conceptualize. This has led to extensive analysis of the financial crisis by policy makers and financial analyst in a bid to develop and formulate measures that would avert future crises and stabilize the global economy. While numerous claims have been put forth to explain the causes of the 2007-2009 financial crisis, there is almost a universal agreement that the major causes of the financial crisis was the combination of a credit boom and a housing bubble that took place in the United States. The post 2007 crisis consequently features the establishment of numerous regulatory initiatives offering diagnoses and presenting recommendations for financial stabilization. Through literature review, the research paper analyses the varying causes that the crisis has been attributed to, the policies which various major governments sought to implement in response to the crisis, the effectiveness and failures of such policies. The research paper further proposes the alternative areas of focus that may serve to avert future crisis in order to achieve consistent financial stability. Reasons for the 2007-09 global financial crises The decline in the US housing market resulting from the failure of sub prime mortgages and mortgage backed securities coupled with an ensuing credit boom marked the beginning of the financial crisis (Canster Cannex 2011). The housing market suffered a major blow as the majority homeowners defaulted on the (sub prime) loans. As a consequence of borrowers defaulting on loans, the financial institutions faced a major challenge as they repossessed the property at a loss which led to a liquidity crisis in banks and their lending capacity was consequently diminished (Obersteiner 2011). In addition, there was lack of confidence by US investors which led to emergence of a credit crunch. The consumer confidence was limited due to widespread uncertainties in the economy. While the housing bubble and the credit crunch in United States has been widely attributed as the major cause of the 2007 financial crisis, a valid argument still stands that the crisis resulted from poorly regulated lending by financial institutions. The collapse of major financial institutions led to widespread panic as governments across the globe struggled to rescue the major financial institutions in their regions from collapsing. The Australian government launched the stimulus packages which were aimed at rescuing the collapsing economy while the government of
Introduction The global nature of the fast-moving consumer goods business is not always easy to comprehend because a number of aspects have to be considered. Entrepreneurs and managers have to work hard to meet the consumers’ expectations, follow the current competitors, and consider the effects their companies may have on the industry. In order to be able to make powerful and effective innovative decisions and introduce working entrepreneur strategies, it is necessary to create appropriate management culture and inspire employees of all levels. Procter & Gamble and Unilever are the two huge companies known worldwide (Lindsay 2014). Their competitions cover such revenue segments as baby/feminine/family care, beauty/hair/personal care, fabric care, and home care. In spite of the fact that P&G is twice older, Unilever creates a powerful competition for this organisation. P&G, in its turn, is able to resist the challenges and continues competing with such huge organisations as Unilever. The competitions between P&G and Unilever may become a good example of how two self-respecting companies are ready to demonstrate their best qualities and respect their consumers. They use captivating entrepreneur and innovative strategies and decisions to support their management culture, inspire workers, impress consumers, and un
Ingvar Kamprad is an accomplished entrepreneur from Sweden who is among the richest men in the world. Kamprad is the founder of an organization known as IKEA that is based in his homeland. Despite his affluence, Kamprad lives a very simple life away from the fancy things that wealthy people are associated with (Clegg, 2012, p. 34). Kamprad comes from a background that is full of entrepreneurial minds. This kind of background inspired Kamprad to develop an entrepreneurial mind at a very tender age. Kamprad began his business career in 1943 when he was a teenager. His supportive father gave him his initial capital in form of a cash gift and the then enterprising Kamprad decided to try his luck in business. Kamprad later formed a company called IKEA using the money that his father had given him. The company has since grown to be among the biggest companies in the world. The success of IKEA is attributed to Kamprad’s hard work and exemplary leadership skills (Clegg, 2012, p. 47). IKEA has grown over the years from a simpl
The knowledge that human beings need to understand the operations of the outside world depends on their modes of sensitivity. As such, the human sensory organs are categorized into vision, hearing, taste, touch and smell. The sense organs are made of specialized cellular configurations that accept specific stimuli. The senses are all critical in the functioning of human receptions to stimuli. However, the measure of importance of every sense organ differs. In this regard, the sight is the most imperative sensory organs followed by hearing. Touch comes in thereafter since it also plays a critical role in determining the effects of soreness as well as necessitation of therapeutic attention. Further, scent and flavor verify the availability of aroma in food and the sweet, acerbic, astringent as well as saline flavors respectively. Sight The extent of the eye sensitivity is extraordinary. On this note, the eyes play fundamental roles in providing individuals with opportunity of viewing all the physical features of the ecosystem. In essence, the functions of the eye surpass the roles of other intelligences. The sight is instrumental in relaying data on the daily life occurrences to the body. Doubtlessly, many people recognize that in almost every activity carried out by individual be it reading, watching, inscribing correspondences among other countless functions. In addition, the sight plays a vital function in enabling the survival of people in the environment since they are able to see the dangers and run into safety. Further, studies show that many individuals dread amaurosis than other disabilities. Hearing Perception of sound is fundamental role in individual aptitudes and amusements such as music and verbal communication. In the modern society, verbal communication is attributed to the intelligence of listening. Even though there has been development of visual communication means such as typing, many people use the language of listening Actually, the sense of hearing enables the collection, progression as well as inferring the reverberations continuously with unconscious exertions. On this note, the sense of hearing should not be taken for granted. The growth and quality of an individual’s life originate primarily from the listening capability. As such, communication is possible through listening to others. In addition, through hearing, an individual is capable of receiving admonitions about hazardous situations and deal with such life challenges, Touch The sense of contact is essential in becoming aware of the diverse surfaces as well as temperatures. In essence, the skin through its sensory receptors is significant in the detection of different sensations ranging from soreness to pulsations. Therefore, the sense of touch is vital in circumventing the bodily harms acquired through the daily links with the surroundings. Smell The sense of smell is fundamental in creating an environment where animals are capable of tracking their food as well as finding
Introduction From the moral and ethical perspectives, the healthcare industry is vital for sustaining lives. Without the presence of adequate structures of health care in any given society, the people in that society are bound to succumb to different ailments. This is to mean that healthcare is the central tenet of the welfare of any society. The level of productivity of a given people is dependent on the state of healthcare in the society in which the people prevail. Therefore, the healthcare industry is paramount in any nation. This means that all the stakeholders in the healthcare industry must pay a lot of attention to the operations in the industry. Operations in the healthcare industry have to be maintained at a level where the healthcare industry attains the potential to save as many lives as possible. However, research has denoted that the healthcare industry is one of the most complex industries in the world. The complexity of the healthcare industry is based on the diversity in the number of healthcare conditions and the healthcare needs for these ailments, the moral dilemmas in the provision of healthcare, the modalities of delivering healthcare by the healthcare personnel, and the disposal of bio-hazards, which are the causative factors for a substantial number of ailments. According to Mitchell (2013), delivery of health care mostly revolves around the relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient. The ability of the healthcare professional to deliver health care services to the patient is, in turn, dictated by a number of factors. Among these factors are the regulatory policies in the healthcare industry in a given country, the physical and mental well being of the physician or nurse, the nature of ailment in question, and the working relationship between the physician and other healthcare providers in the given healthcare institution. These are just but a few of the factors from which the ethical questions arise. Brown (2013) observed that the other critical concern in the healthcare industry is the level at which moral responsibility needs to be exercised by the healthcare professionals and the people who are ailing. The result is one question: How should the healthcare industry prepare to capture all these challenges and maintain a high level of ethical stance? Lesser consideration of ethics by the stakeholders in the healthcare industry results in higher levels of vulnerability of the ailing and the healthy population in a given society. Responsibility, which is a key step in the pathway to the delivery of ethical healthcare, begins with the effort of all the stakeholders (Brown, 2013). According to Bayer (n.d.), there is a need to embrace collective responsibility. In this sense, the main stakeholders have to engage the entire population for the sake of minimizing cases of diseases in the soci
Introduction Present American campaigns and elections depend highly on political advertising through the media. In the recent past, there have not been campaigns and elections without political ads on television. Political ads are now a main tool and vehicle in elections. This does not however mean that all political campaigns have to use media. This means that media is a tool with which political advertising is very effective and reaches many people (Schultz, 2004). The main role of media is to give information and entertainment. However, media has an effect on different institutions including cultural, political, and even social institutions. Moreover, the media companies receive a big percent of their income from advertising (Biagi, 2011). Riaz, 2010 adds that one of the significant branches of Journalism and Mass Communication is political communication. Political communication entails the use of media by political parties and even governments to get support from the public especially during election times or any time they require public support. It is easy for government to provide the required information to the public using the internet and new media. Citizens receive the information the government want to convey while they also air their grievances and concerns to the government. Consequently, the media will always be part of any society since it will challenge and even aggravate. Although media can invite, manipulate, and irritate, it cannot work dependently. Media is sparklingly attractive; its style is captivating and its power frightening. Therefore, only a few people can pride of being able to resist its distractions and charm (Behnke, 2010). In the modern world, the society is moving on the tips of the fingers since it is the era of web. There has been a drastic change in the society today since introduction of the new media technologies. Moreover, the new technologies have not spared the old print and electronic media. The development of new technologies is present in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the evolution of technology has effects on the political communication. There is a rampant use of internet and mobile phones in the election campaigns. This means that media effects political behavior both in developing and developed countries (Riaz, 2010). Media and political communication Politics main purpose is to change people’s minds and change it completely. In the political system, the only channel to reaching citizens is through the media especially internet and television. Media is an articulated system, which, the original information comes from print media before television circulates to the majority of the audience and the radio modifies the communication. Therefore, without media there is no politics. The political systems mainly use the media to popularize themselves and get support from the citizens (Castells, 2007). Political communication ensures that the media those covers easily those in power and put their messages across. On the other hand, the media is more interested in the elites. Presently, if a candidate does not receive coverage
Introduction The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency by the US government with the mandate to conduct aerospace and aeronautics research and run the civilian space program, the International Space Station (ISS). Specifically, NASA establishes risk management processes, goals, and policies for the ISS, which are then implemented in conjunction with other international partners including member nations of the European Space Agency (ESA), Russia, Japan, and Canada. ISS is a space environment and microgravity research laboratory with researchers conducting studies in different fields, such as astronomy, physics, and human biology, among other related areas. ISS is both a pragmatically and technically complex system, as it is designed to support different payloads and missions. Additionally, it is launched via numerous launch packages, which are assembled and operated from a space where the environment is harsh. Therefore, given the nature of its operations, ISS faces many risks that should be evaluated and mitigated. The primary purpose of risk management is to identify threats and risks in a certain program early enough to develop and implement preventive measures to reduce the probability of such risks occurring in the future. This paper discusses ISS’s risk profile, identifies enterprise risk management (ERM) systems in place, and analyzes its corporate governance and the impact of all stakeholders on the risk management process. ISS’s Risk Profile ISS is faced with various threats and risks, which could be classified into three major categories: i) those that could cause the destruction of the Station, ii) risks that could compromise the health of the crewmembers, and iii) threats that could lead to the premature abandonment of the ISS program. ISS Destruction and Loss of Crew One of the major risks to ISS is the possibility of micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) penetrating the Station’s critical hardware, such as the pressure wall. This occurrence would cause extensive damage to ISS and harm crewmembers. Additionally, the Station could inadvertently collide with visiting vehicles, other Station Remote Manipulator Systems (RMSs), or robotic arms leading to the loss of life among crewmembers and damage to the ISS (Smith, 2002). The Station is also prone to fire outbreaks, which could originate from different places in the work environment. Similarly, the threat of toxic spills within the Station is a major issue facing ISS. These hazards have a wide array of effects on crewmembers or the system itself, which could contribute significantly to the abandonment of the program. Another major concern is the possibility of catastrophic system failures due to various reasons, such as fire and other related hazards. However, the greatest threats associated with system failure entail critical software and hardware design flaws. The existence and safety of the ISS p