ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
From the book, it is evident that people are forced to seek refuge in foreign countries because of various reasons, including economic reasons, social reasons, and political reasons. The standards of living might be poor in the home country forcing individuals to shift to places perceived to be with better living standards. In developing countries, the economic conditions tend to be unpredictable, something that makes life difficult for individuals. People might lack employment because companies are compelled to dismiss workers due to continued registration of loses. Since life might seem comfortable in the host countries, an individual would invite family members to join him or her on temporary or permanent basis. This is often referred to as chain migration. However, political instabilities are the main causes of immigration in the world today. Those perceived to be opposed to the political system of the state are expected to operate outside the state borders. Such individuals are termed as political dissidents because they do not support oppressive policies. The author of the book goes ahead to suggest that refugees face a serious challenge as regards to human rights. Human beings enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms, irrespective of citizenship, ethnicity, and race. Immigrants are subjected to unfair treatment and constant discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender. In the book, five types of rights are mentioned suggesting that immigrants are expected to enjoy all of them. The first one is the civil rights, which include freedom from cruelty, torture, harassment, and illegal acts by government. Furthermore, an immigrant has a freedom to move freely from home country to the host country. While in the host country, the law recognizes the rights of immigrants implying that in the eyes of the law, an immigrant has equal opportunities as the aboriginal citizen. The second category of rights pertains to economic rights, what other scholars term as worker rights. Under this category, an immigrant has the right to be employed in any organization and should be protected from unfair treatment, such as discrimination. Political rights are the third category of human rights granted to any immigrant. This means that immigrants have the right to vote and to be voted for during any election, as long as they qualify. Immigrants are encouraged to maintain their cultures without being forced to assimilate. Finally, all immigrants have social rights meaning that they have the
Introduction Language may be used in different contexts and texts to create different meanings. To understand the sign, vocal, or even written language, a form of analysis is crucial in establishing both the intended and implied meanings. This paper discusses discourse examination and critical discourse analysis (CDA) as two important approaches to analysing language use in vocal, sign, and written forms. Its main concern is to demonstrate the difference between the perspectives of language use in written and text forms. Defining Discourse Analysis Discourse analysis (DA) is a general term that is applied to various paradigms that are deployed in the study of the sign, vocal, written, and any other language semiotics. Objects that are used in the analysis under this approach are defined in terms of an individual’s consistency in the application of prepositions, use of sentences, tongue, and even turns-at-talk (Ross & Nightingale 2003). Opposed to traditional approaches to linguistic analysis, discourse analysis focuses on studying not only the usage of language outside the limits of sentences use, but also analysing language in its conventional usage, rather than utilising invented examples. This claim suggests a close relationship between discourse analysis and text analysis. However, the two concepts are different since discourse analysis also objects to identify various socio-
A person that believes that he or she is an Australian shares common values with fellow Australian people such as the spirit of adventure, willingness to help the less fortunate in society, and brief humor. Tcv Values that define Australian people include respect for women, mateship, a fair go, easy-going, respect for democracy, value to agree with Indonesians, respect for diverse cultures, and tolerance. North Americans and Australians share their values because if you can compare their values they serve the same goal. For instance, North American values include respect for human beings, individual freedom, respect for the Great Spirit, and earth. According to me, I don’t think similarities in values bring a problem in national identity because there is a distinction of some values especially between the aboriginal population and the original people of North America. Hyphenated Australians are common in Australia and they still preserve the cultural practices of their countries despite settling in Australia. They include Chinese-Australians, German-Australian, and others. January 26 th has been given a big meaning by the Australian youth more than even their parents. This is perhaps because they were brought up in a society that respected multiculturalism which made them understand that they were living in a country of many tribes. Hyphenated Australian’s distinct identities, signs, dress codes, and traditional foods make them unique. They appreciate that these diversities make Australia a good place. Samovar et al. argued that Australia had always been a nation of immigrants but throughout history, the original occupants had always worried whether the new arrivals will degrade or enrich their culture. Among the immigrants is also the question of whether each ethnic group will maintain their customs and practices or will be forced to adopt the Australian culture. “Melting pot” best describes the Australian society because as many people from different countries arrive, they soon fit into the Australian way of life, hence, becoming a melting pot of nationalities. Today in Australia, the number of foreign students getting an education is growing rapidly, a collaboration of businesspeople from the globe, scientists, and public organizations. These factors are playing a major role in interethnic interactions as well as negotiations and common understanding acting as a powerful tool for nationalism. For an immigrant to qualify to be an Australian citizen, he/she needs to have stayed in the country for the last five years but two years residence before the application which costs one hundred and twenty dollars. Also, the applicants must be eighteen years of age, know the basics of the English language, understand the nature of citize
A prominent theme in The Exorcist is identity crisis, and various techniques are used to support it . The cast’s performances can suggest several internal conflicts within the characters, and the special effects together with make-up supply the idea. Certain aspects of frame composition also help develop the theme, such as the prevalence of one type of shot and other choices. The notion that an act of demon possession equals identity crisis is not novel, and the film is a vivid example of such an equivalence (Giordan and Possamai 457). The Exorcist ’s theme is supported using the performances, the script, and the frame composition. Identity crisis is evident in such characters as Regan MacNeil and Father Damien Karras, performed by Linda Blair and Jason Miller, respectively. The former is a teenage girl who starts experiencing changes in behavior. At first, she is a cheerful girl, enjoying an amicable relationship with her mother (“The Exorcist” 00:16:42-00:17:43). Eventually, Regan’s demeanor changes, starting from subtle refusals at the doctor’s office (“The Exorcist” 00:32:34-00:33:40). Her appearance at the party is especially out of character, with rude speech and outrageous actions (“The Exorcist” 00:42:20-00:43:18). Occasionally, Regan doubts whether what she is doing is right (“The Exorcist” 00:43:19-00:44:20, 00:52:27-00:54:16). After an outside intervention, she eventually returns to normal (“The Exorcist” 02:00:25-02:02:20). In other words, Regan falls under a bad influence, after which her identity is questioned and undergoes changes, but the conflict is resolved once the negative source is out of the picture. Father Damien Karras also doubts his identity as a priest due to previous experience and scientific advancements. After facing a challenge, he regains a sense of self. Thus, Regan and Father Damien Karras experience internal conflicts, which are eventually overcome. The film makes use of special effects and make-up to highlight the theme of identity crisis. For instance, the majority of Regan’s actions that required additional techniques, such as projectile vomiting, levitation, and head rotation, reflect a person in distress. It is further accentuated by make-up, which makes the character’s face appear bruised, which implies a major change in one’s personality. Green and whitened eyes have a similar effect – to showcase both subtle and evident alterations. The remaining scars serve as a reminder that the crisis occurred but was successfully averted (“The Exorcist” 02:04:45-02:05:10). For Father Damien Karras, the make-up is not an indicator of change but of the final resolution to remain true to his identity (“The Exorcist” 02:00:25-02:02:20). Overall, special effects and make-up techniques
Abstract Data collection and analysis are very complex tasks that can be accomplished using a variety of different approaches. These tasks need to be put into practice thoroughly because errors during the collection of data or its analysis can undermine the results of the whole study and compromise its reliability and validity. This paper focuses on the collection and analysis of data in the study by Rew that targeted the self-care behaviors of homeless youth. The paper discusses the processes that appeared from the data, its presentation, and its accuracy. The article under analysis is titled “A Theory of Taking Care of Oneself Grounded in Experiences of Homeless Youth” it was written by Lynn Rew and published in Nursing Research in 2003. The article targets the self-care and hygiene knowledge and behaviors among the population of homeless youth. Categories and Processes that Emerged from the Data The data for this study were collected using tape-recording the interviews with 15 homeless participants ages 16 to 20. The records of the interviews with the participants were then transcribed and analyzed carefully with the help of notes. Further, the constant comparative method was applied for a purpose to code the data and break it down into categories; the process was speeded up by specialized software that helped the researchers ensure a higher level of rigor and efficiency (Rew, 2003). The appropriate data interpretation was achieved by means engaging some of the participants in the process of interpretation who agreed that the understanding was correct. Overall, the recordings of the interviews underwent the following processes:   * Open coding   * Examining   * Comparing   * Conceptualizing   * Categorizing of the data (Rew, 2003). First of all, the interviews were analyzed line by line. Besides, each of the interviews was compared to the other ones to find similar patterns and wording. The interview transcriptions were reread and recoded several times for better precision and rigor. The use of the axial coding process resulted in the appearance of the word categories that reflected such aspects as context and causes (Rew, 2003). The revealed 12 categories were analyzed using diagramming for better visibility of their correlations and patterns; and as a result, subcategories were identified that further were rela
Introduction Hershey’s caters to different target markets (Hershey, 2008). The company sells chocolate products. Additionally, the company offers peanut butter products. The company fills the diverse needs of the different target markets. In an experiment where Ferrero and Hershey’s products were alternative choices, most of the participants preferred the Hershey chocolate products (Pujol, 2011). Hershey’s marketing plans ensure filling the unique needs of each market segment. Hershey Company Hershey’s packaging strategy creates a higher demand for its products in different market segments (Hartline, 2011). The main products may include several ingredients. One ingredient is Cacao. Another ingredient is cocoa powder. A third ingredient is chocolate liquor. The Hershey’s brand includes Hershey’s Kisses, Reese’s Whipps, and Reese’ Peanut Butter Cups (Hershey, 2008). The company’s new products include Bliss chocolate. The product is expected to be a best seller (Dorfman, 2008). Further, the market segment includes weight watchers. The patrons are conscious of their weight. They eat lower-calorie products. Consequently, Hershey’s sells low-calorie chocolates to this market segment. For example, Hershey’s Reese’s Whipps chocolate contains reduced fat content. On the other hand, Hershey’s Reese Select Clusters targets current and future customers who prefer higher chocolate calorie content (Hershey, 2008). Clearly, Hershey’s focuses on the weight watchers market segment. Major Competitors Hershey’s Chocolates has several competitors. One of the competitors is Mars. Mars sells the popular Snickers Charged, Dove Beautiful, and M & M Premiums. Russell Stover is another competitor. The company sells Whitman’s Soho. Nestle sells Butterfinger chocolate (Hershey, 2008). The relevance of segmentation to Hershey’s Segmentation is relevant to Hershey’s continued dominance of the chocolate and peanut butter business (Daft, 2011). By focusing its marketing campaign on each targeted market segment, the company fills the needs of the segment. Hershey advertises low-calorie products to the weight watchers market segment. Hershey offers heart-shaped chocolates as expressions of love on Valentine’s Day. Hershey offers egg-shaped Reese’s peanut butter products during Easter celebrations (Hershey, 2008). By filling the needs and wants of each market segment, the market segments’ demand for the company’s products will automatically increase. Hershey’s Market Segment Plans The company plans to continue supplying the needs and wants of each market segment (Ferrell, 2010). The products are made to fill the chocolate demands of the United States market segment (Hershey, 2008). The products contain peanut butter, filling the wants of the peanut butter customers. The company continues to sell its products in popular distribution centers, especially the top-selli
The amount of UV light depends on the latitude: the highest concentration is spread throughout the equator, while the areas close to the Earth’s poles had it in scarcity. However, the South appears to have an irregular zone that does not follow the patterns. The most lightly pigmented people are expected to be in North America (Alaska, Canada), Greenland, Northern Europe (Scandinavia, the United Kingdom), and Asia (mostly the Russian part and China). On the other hand, the most darkly pigmented people are might be found in Central Africa, South America (such countries as Brazil, Bolivia, and Venezuela), Southeast Asia (for example, Indonesia), and Oceanic states. The distribution can be explained by the fact that people with much melanin are protected from UV rays, meaning that they are suitable to live in high-exposure areas. Meanwhile, lightly pigmented populations are historically accustomed to regions with a low UV index due to insufficient protection. It is not randomly distributed: the lowest percentage of skin reflectance is associated with the 0° longitude (the equator), and the value increases for anything lower and higher than that. Dark skin tends to absorb UV light, while light skin reflects it. Genes can greatly impact one’s skin color regardless of the location, which explains albino people, so those populations may have an irregular amount of melanin for genetic reasons. UV exposure decreases blood folate levels, which is evident in the “patients” group. High levels of folate guarantee conception and normal fetus development, which directly impact a population’s survival and adaptation. A dark skin tone is likely to be correlated with higher folate levels due to its protection mechanism against UV light. High vitamin D levels prevent many diseases, especially the ones affecting the skeletal system, and facilitates the immune system. Thus, people were healthy and more fit to adapt to the environment. A light skin tone allows one to maintain a high level of vitamin D due to their skin not being very guarded against UV radiation, which is necessary for its synthesis. Both folate and vitamin D contributed to the survival and spread of people with dark and light skin tone, respectively. Eventually, those factors became less relevant, as a person can live anywhere regardless of their skin color nowadays.
The business concept A clear description of the business is given, with the partners choosing to acquire a franchise as opposed to starting their own business. Right from the idea stage to the manner in which the business was acquired, an intricate outline of the elements of the business is given. The market for ‘gelati’ is still grim from the description, although since it is a consumable, it is expected that most of the residents of the State are potential customers. The partners expect to establish a niche in the North Eastern location of the State. The Opportunity The three partners were in need of purchasing a business entity. ICEDELIGHTS was a prime opportunity for the partners since the partners were seeking to buy a business, which was already running. After brainstorming on the most opportune approach to venturing into business, the decision to buy was most desirable. Based in Boston, ICEDELIGHTS was a venture selling beverages, pastries and frozen desserts. The diversity in products and locations made it possible for the partners to exercise creativity in satisfying the consumer needs. The fact that the company has already ventured into franchising indicates that ICEDELIGHTS had potential for expansion into the global market. The company has already acquired a niche market, owing to the quality of products. In addition, ICEDELIGHTS has operational systems in place, including production, accounting, training and development, controls, store management and design. In essence, the company was poised for expansion at the right moment. The players The company is comprised of franchisor and franchisee. The franchisor is primarily providing real estate and the product, which is produced centrally and distributed to the points of sale. Real estate elements include the location where the franchisee will set up location. The franchisee is to provide capital for the acquisition of the locations for distribution, operating capital as well as the operational requirements. In providing this, the franchisee has sought investors who are expected to provide equity and debt capital. Perfect fit for the partners Mark, Paul and Eric are a perfect fit for each other. While mark exudes risk aversion, Paul and Eric are willing to take risks head on. All three partners have experience consulting for financial firms making them expert with handling financial matters. Mark is risk-averse, preferring to take on the lowest possible risk in any venture. Paul and Eric were however not afraid to bear certain levels of risks. On one hand, it was a perfect fit for all partners since views of all partners resulted to a balanced view of the risk fact
Introduction The essay is a critical or close examination of the two main kind of architecture in theaters. The paper establishes a comparison between proscenium theatres and thrust theatres; these are among eight theater stages. To accomplish this successfully, both advantages and disadvantages of these two types of stages are brought forth. It is worth noting that the issue of performance has evolved over time since the time of William Shakespeare. Over these several years, stages have been modified to suit various scenarios. Just like any other thing, change is inevitable and it has applied in the field of art performance. It is worth noting that the stiff competition to come up with elegant and an elaborate kind of entertainment did catalyze the expansion and innovation in theaters (Gillette 11). Proscenium theatres are those kind of stages that have a space that are characterized by a big archway usually at or close to the front of the stage by which the audiences get the opportunity to view the play. Those who are attending the play usually are in a position that they face the stage directly. Where actors and actress use as an acting platform is a bit raised some feet above audience front seats. Main stage is situated directly behind proscenium arch which do have curtains that can be raised or lowered when appropriate. It is worth noting that there are other terms used to refer to this kind of theater; these are picture-frame and fourth wall. It was introduced in Italy back during the period of renaissance. This type of stage constitutes the largest percentage of all theaters, 90%. A well known example of this stage is Downey, Music Center. Audiences view the play from only one direction (Magagnato 215). Thrust theatre also known as three quarter round and originate from Greek and Elizabethan ancient. This kind of stage usually extends into the audience probably on three sides and connects to the backstage by an upstage end. “ In this type of stage, audiences view the play or the action from three different directions” (Gillette 65). One example of a thrust theater is Mark Taper Forum. In this case, those in attendance have the opportunity of viewing the play from different and unique angles and perspectives. Historically, it is the most widely used in the field of stage acting. At present, most of the arrangement entails a square or rectangular stage and in most cases raised while seats are raked in three distinct parts around the stage. Advantages and disadvantages of Proscenium Theatres As noted previously this kind of stage was introduced in Italy back in the Renaissance period meaning that it is one of the oldest types of theater in history. It is important to mention that over the years, it gained popularity that it quickly grew in number. This kind of popularity is that to its advantages which mainly include the following; provides for a spectacular view, heightens aesthetic distance, focuses audience’s attention in a more accurate manner, the stage is not that open, it also creates a sense of grandeur stage, has curtains. One major advantage of proscenium theatre is that it gives audiences a mo