ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Business organizations cannot achieve their goals and objectives if the employees and the management do not dedicate their efforts into achieving these objectives (Heal, 2008). It is the responsibility of every business organization to come up with incentives to motivate both the management and the employees to dedicate their efforts in achieving the goals and objectives. For instance, incentives should make employees to work harder, more effectively and ensure that the demands of the customers are met. This way, an organization can be able to achieve its goals and objectives. In order to highlight how a business organization’s employee incentive relate to the organization’s goals and objectives, this paper analysis the case of Walmart. Walmart is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of large discount department stores and warehouses in the US and other parts of the world. According to Forbes Global 2000, the corporation is the world’s 18 th largest corporation ranked by revenue and also the largest private employer (Canak, 2006). For the last few decades, Walmart has been facing criticism that gives false promises to its employees. According to Canak (2006), the organization promised its employees’ reasonable benefits but it ended up releasing low benefits to its employee. However, for the last few years the company has dedicated itself in ensuring that its employees are satisfied and are well motivated to work more for the organization. The main goal of Walmart is to become the leading global retailer by ensuring that it has more stores in all countries in the world. The company also aims to improve customer satisfactions in all its stores in order to remain competitive and ahead of its competitors. The company also intends to achieve this by ensuring that its employees are committed to their responsibilities in all stores and remain innovative in order to come up with new strategies that can be used in marketing and in improving the quality of their products. Generally, Walmart intends to use its expanding workforce to achieve its organizational goals and objectives (Canak, 2006). Walmart incentives are in terms of rewards and benefits which are divided into two groups namely financial benefits and health and wellness benefits. All these incentives are aimed into motivating the organization’s employees to dedicate their efforts in achieving the objectives of the company. When it comes to financial incentives, Walmart employees are entitled to paid time-offs regardless of the reason for being a time-off (Canak, 2006). The employees are paid even when on vacation and holidays. When shopping at Walmart, employees are allowed a 10% discount. Employees are also entitled to performance based bonuses in every branch store. Additionally, employees with long service to the company (over 20 years) get considerable salary increment. Walmart employees also get discounts for travelling and entertainment. More importantly, the organization offers retirement benefits to its employees (Canak, 2006). In terms of health and wellness related incentives, Walmart
Introduction The topic of the discussion presented in this paper is the relationship between e-commerce and brick and mortar stores. Since the development of the Internet made a massive leap at the beginning of the 2000s, many areas and fields have experienced benefits due to this phenomenon. The Internet has become a powerful and extremely useful resource for all types of operations and businesses. One of the branches that enjoyed the most advantages was retail that, due to the technological leap, was transformed into e-commerce. Due to the ubiquitous coverage of the Internet in many of the developed and developing countries in the world, the goods sold online are available to an enormous number of consumers. As a result, the retailers offering their products via the e-shopping platforms have a much larger base of customers than the brick and mortar stores. Consequently, the question arises whether or not e-commerce is putting brick and mortar stores out of business. Importance of the Topic The subject of the relationship between the brick and mortar retail and e-commerce has been the focus of attention of many economists and financial analysts. Even though brick and mortar stores have been the dominant way of retail for centuries, the technological progress of the 21st century has made radical changes; and due to that impact, the habitual retail is facing is powerful competition for the preferences of the consumers. Both types of retail have their own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, e-commerce provides consumers with an opportunity to shop without leaving homes and access goods that cannot be found in the brick and mortar stores of their region. At the same time, brick and mortar stores provide a hands-on experience allowing the customers to touch the products, try on clothes, turn the pages of the books, feel the texture, and the material – none of these experiences can be fulfilled by the online stores fully. Interaction of Two Types of Retail The competition of the brick and mortar stores and e-commerce creates and maintains the value of the dual-channel. In their article called “Bricks-and-mortar” vs. “clicks-and-mortar”: An equilibrium analysis”, Bernstein, Song, and Zheng (2008) point out that assuming that the latter is more efficient means encouraging the former to switch to the online retail and decreas
Introduction While diagnosing patients, nurses should remember to interpret the body’s responses and visual cues to consider all compensatory mechanisms that it engages. In the following scenarios, all patients have alterations in their health that show how symptoms reveal an underlying cause for their condition. The body’s line of defense often includes inflammation – a response to the tissue being damaged, directed at preventing further harm (Huether & McCance, 2017). In the first presented problem, the patient’s throat is reddened, and she has enlarged tonsils, thus allowing one to see which areas of the body are affected. In the second case, the man has a topical response of red and dry skin on his hands. Finally, the third situation shows a woman with lowered food and sleep needs. In the first scenario, the patient can be diagnosed with tonsillitis, the second situation involves a man with allergic contact dermatitis, and the final case describes a woman with sleep disturbances induced by stress. Scenario 1 The 2-year-old female patient presents a variety of symptoms that can be linked to tonsillitis. This is an infectious disease characterized by the inflammation of tonsils (Bartlett, Bola, & Williams, 2015). Other symptoms may include fever, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, clearly palpable lymph nodes (usually anterior cervical nodes), and enlarged tonsils (Bartlett et al., 2015). The onset of acute tonsillitis can be rapid, and this disease is often present in young people – children and adolescents. Furthermore, fall and winter seasons have more cases of tonsillitis and similar infections than others (Bartlett et al., 2015). All of the symptoms mentioned above can be clearly perceived in the discussed patient. This disease is among those conditions that are viral in origin – people exposed to bacteria or viruses may transfer this infection to others. Bacterial organisms enter the respiratory tracks and cause an inflammatory response in tonsils, where white blood cells initiate an immune reaction to destroy the harmful bacteria. This process causes fever and the enlargement of the tonsils, as the body tries to adjust to the healing process. Scenario 2 The man’s recent use of chemicals without gloves led to him developing allergic contact dermatitis. This condition is characterized by a topical response of the skin to some substances – abrasive solvents, creams, liquids, and other allergens. Its symptoms include rashes and patches of irritates skin, especially in areas that came into contact with the allergen. Moreover, the reaction of this type does not happen instantly but develops over the course of multiple days (Kostner et al., 2017). The patient’s symptoms indicate that his skin became red and dry after some time of using chemicals without gloves. It is possible that while he worked with these substances before, his protective gear lowered the contact with the body and prevented it from having an allergic reaction. However, repeated contact with chemicals increased sensitization and activated the delayed hy
Introduction In psychology, a mental process is an action executed by an individual, which eventually influences the mental contents. Among the many parts of a mental process is creative intelligence, which persons apply to make decisions. The paper examines the similarities and differences of four styles of creative intelligence and their role in business decision-making. In addition, the paper will examine five forces that affect people’s mental models and mindsets, and particularly, the function of these forces in business decision-making. Styles of Creative Intelligence So far, researchers have identified four creative intelligence styles that include imaginative, intuitive, inspirational, and innovation. These styles differ from each other in one way or another. To start with, the intuitive styles centers on the outcomes. Nevertheless, in order to achieve results, this style involves the use of past happenings and actions, for instance, the use of data to solve a particular problem before meeting results. On the contrary, the imaginative style involves artistic facets, which demand individuals to “think out of the box”, and it involves creativity rather than hard work. The inspirational style mainly relies on social change to make decisions, mainly through inspiring. Lastly, like intuitive, the innovation style involves the use of past data to create a solution plan hence, decisions. In contrasting these styles, we form two pairs. For instance, inspirational and imaginative exhibit some similarities as persons exercise creativity to create a social change, which will enable them make decisions. On the other hand, innovation and intuitive appear similar especially when relying on past data to make decisions. However, the two are dissimilar in that intuitive solely depends on past data and results, while innovation involves the collection of data and use of scientific approach to make decisions. Overall, the four styles are paramount in decision-making (Rowe, 2004. pp.1-5, 35). The Role of Creative Intelligence in Business Decisions As mentioned earlier, the four styles of creative intelligence are vital in business decisions. Depending on the situation, business executives may choose to apply them disjointedly or collectively. For instance, using the intuitive style, businesses can amend current mistakes by researching and analyzing past resembling issues. A good example is when lawyers study past proceedings to know how they will argue later in court. The innovative style can also influence business decisions through the generated data. For example, mobile telecommunication companies can collect data on what their consumers prefer in terms of internet usage. If they find that their consumers would like to have internet wherever they go, then they will introduce internet-enabled phones, which access internet wirelessly. Imaginative style influences business decisions by bringing certain amount of uniqueness into business. Take for example, the raging war between Microsoft and Apple. When consumers started complaining about Microsoft Windows on issues to do with maintenance, Apple came out with its own operating system. This f
Sources of Stress in Detective Jones Life There are three obvious sources of stress in the life of Detective Jones; the first source is the issue of his wife leaving him for an officer in another department. This was a major event in his life which was for the worse; it led to him being angered which made him take out his frustration on other people. It was an embarrassing moment for him and it coincided with the time that the unprofessional behavior started. Another source of stress is the spread of the information that his wife had left him among his workmates and outsiders. The shame and embarrassment that resulted from knowing that others had information about his personal life which he had not intended to tell anybody could have led him to be stressed. The changes brought about by the new chief plus rumors that are being spread about detectives rotating shifts every month has contributed to his stress. Another source of stress in his life is the fact that he was overlooked for promotion; instead, a junior officer who is a lady was promoted. To make the matter worse, the junior officer was less experienced than him, and he had served as a detective for the past 10 years and had been at the department for the past 15 years. This most likely led to him being angry and caused stress in his life. How the Detective and the Department Should Deal With Detective Jones Stress Lieutenant Smith should in no way excuse the behavior of Detective Jones even if this is caused by the stressful events that have been occurring in his life. This is because it is in no way appropriate to allow such a behavior to be existent in a department serving the public, and no matter what the cause is, the behavior is one that should not be entertained. The way Lieutenant Smith and the department choose to help him deal with stress is important as it determines whether he will overcome it. The first step is that they should understand what Detective Jones is going through and not to be little or shame him. They should give him time to go through the process of grief resolution that is necessary for the stress that he is experiencing to resolve. They should also display a positive attitude towards him despite his behavior since this has been shown to be effective in helping someone dealing with stress as this will eventually rub off on him. The Lieutenant should refer him to a specialist like a counselor who can sit down with him, and take him through the steps of overcoming stress. Morale Issues That Can Result and How to Prevent Them One of the morale issues that can result from the behavior of the detective is the segregation of the detective by his workmates and none of them might want to work with him. Another is violence tha
Executive Summary Being characterised by its innovative approach, Nestlé has been popular since the day of its creation. Even the imminent change in the information management ensuing from the technological breakthrough of the 21 st century did not make the organisation shrink away from the spotlight. Nowadays Nestlé remains a big name in the food industry, and the company obviously owes its success to the specific management approach that it adopts in order to market its services to the target audience, as well as the approach towards motivating the staff towards a better performance and a set of strategies aimed at innovativeness. However, it seems that Nestlé should put a stronger emphasis on its network strategy used as the framework for its R&D approach, as it allows for making the company even more conspicuous in the realm of the global market and attract new customers. Introduction If there was a list of the companies that should have become a household name decades ago, Nestlé would definitely top it. Founded in the 19 th century (1866, to be exact) (Ryland 2013), the organisation evolved very soon and very smoothly into a powerful conglomerate with millions of customers, thousands of opponents and very few honestly successful rivals (Boyd 2012). Nestlé has never evolved intermittently; apart from the 2010 crisis (Coombs & Holladay 2011, p. 411), the company has been known for its steady pace of development. As a result, Nestlé remains unmatched to date in terms of its power, marketability and unforgettable brands. While some assume that a set of clever marketing strategies is the key to understanding the company’s efficiency, and others believe that the company’s HRM system is the superior element that defines its triumph, it will be reasonable to say that Nestlé owes its success to marketing, R&D approach and leadership strategies. When combined, the three serve as a powerful enhancer for Nestlé’s further progress (Rae 2007). Company evaluation Even though the progress of Nestlé has been comparatively smooth, the transition from one type of environment into another one, i.e., the transfer from the traditional market into the globalised environment, has had a major impact on Nestlé. The organisation was to be inured to facing extremely harsh competition and tread the precarious track of creating international partnerships. It would be wrong to claim that Nestlé’s leaders never carried out similar steps before; it was that the relationships of such type were not common for the organisation and, thus, viewed as precarious at first (Ryland 2013). However, a closer look at the assets and problems that the company displays in the global economy realm will reveal that Nestlé, in fact, entered the global market quite prepared. SWOT A brief SWOT analysis of the organisation will reveal that the company’s ability to incorporate modern tools into its production and marketing process, as well as the aptitude for galvanising the e
Economics involves how human beings make decisions through comparing alternatives. Besides, it is divided into two; microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics focuses on an individual’s action within the economy, while macroeconomics centers on the overall production, unemployment, inflation, and government deficits (Rice University, n.d.). The two complement each other to give an overall perspective on the economy. Moreover, there are many theories used to describe the economy. They include; the Keynesian, Capitalism, and Friedmanite. Keynes advocated for increased government expenditures and lower taxes to stimulate the economy (Koehn, 2011). In addition, Friedmanite believed in society’s prosperity within free markets (The School of Life, 2014). Additionally, Adam Smith’s economic theory focused on making the capitalist economy more useful and humane (The School of Life, 2014). He thought that the following factors would help accomplish Capitalism, including specialization of work, consumer capitalism, and education. This paper discusses the role of economic theories in the economy. Adam Smith, the father of Capitalism, introduced capitalist ideas such as the division of labor and employee productivity. He put forward the proposal of a free market system with the government playing a minimal role in the economy (The School of Life, 2014). Additionally, Keynes argued that a government should deploy fiscal and monetary measures to help neutralize the effects of economic recessions and depressions through government expenditure (Koehn, 20
Introduction While there have been extensive studies that have examined the prevalence of diabetes within Saudi Arabia, both for adults and children alike, few studies have examined the exact origin of childhood diabetes within the country and whether it is based on cultural predilections (i.e. the types of food eaten), societal norms (i.e. the consumption of large amounts of sugary substances) or if it is an inherent genetic vulnerability unique to individuals within the state (Deiner, 2012, p. 372) (Kulaylat & Narchi, 2001, pp. 43-47 (Al Magamsi & Habib, 2004, pp. 95-98).). It must also be noted that relevant research examining the prevalence of diabetes within Saudi Arabia showed that specific regional populations had higher or lower rates of diabetes (Al-Herbish et al., 2008, pp. 1285-1288) (Al Alwani et al., 2012, pp. 31-33). This is indicative of the potential of some underlying connection that can be examined which can help to determine what specific factors within a region of high diabetes rates differ from those within a region of lower diabetes prevalence (O’Donohue, 2009, p. 86) Al-Agha, Ocheltree & Hakeem, 2011, pp. 202-207). It is expected that should this underlying factor be discovered, whether it is cultural, societal, or genetic in nature, this should help policymakers within Saudi Arabia create new governmental initiatives to address the problem of childhood diabetes within the country and help to lessen the medical and societal burden that diabetes causes for the population (Felimban & Salih, 2000, pp. 63-68). Background of the Study At the present, Saudi Arabia has one of the highest diabetes prevalence rates in the world. A five-year research study conducted to examine the rate of diabetes within the country showed that Saudi Arabia has an adult (30-70 years) diabetes prevalence rate of 23.7% (Al-Nozha et al., 2004, pp. 1603-1610). It showed that the prevalence rate in women is 26.2%, whereas that of men is 23.7%.
Molecular Pathways and the Interaction with Naturopathic Medicine Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to the synthesis of insufficient neurotransmitters and abnormal ubiquitination (Morris et al. 941). Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by death of neurons. The main feature of AD is the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ). The aggregation leads to oxidative stress characterized by antioxidant factors that result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The predominant loss of neurons in the AD is apoptosis pathway (Morris et al. 942). The pathway is further categorized into two pathways; intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic pathway is also called the mitochondrial pathway. In the pathway, the mitochondrion is acted on directly by stimuli. In the action, Bcl-2 family is affected. The principal constituents of Bcl-2 are the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Reduction in anti-apoptotic protein and subsequent rise in the pro-apoptotic proteins cause mitochondrial membrane destruction (Rezai et al. 178). The mitochondrial membrane swells and releases cytochrome c to cytoplasm. The action cleaves the procaspase; hence, initiation caspase cascades that causes the neuron death. The extrinsic pathway entails interaction of death signals. An example of the intrinsic pathway is the interaction of death receptors with tumor necrosis factor. The process forms death inducible that consequently activates caspase-8 (Rezai et al. 178). In the two pathways death substrates, polymerase and ploy are activated by the caspase. In addition to the two distinct pathways, folding of proteins is affected by stress conditions in the endoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic reticulum takes place in three pathways that entail the folding of proteins. The activating transcription factor 6, Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 and protein kinase. There is no established curative or preventive therapy for AD. However, application of natural therapies to prohibit the process of the pathways can slow the progress of AD. The natural therapies include the medicinal plants that have compounds with a protective effect against Aβ. In addition, proteins, vitamins, and minerals that allow natural regeneration of neurons play a critical role in the onset and progression of AD (Jicha 49). The omega-3 fatty acids play a vital role in the development of the brain. Polyunsaturated fatty acids facilitate incorporation of proteins bound membranes for the formation of