ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What are some of the causes for the loss of biodiversity in Micronesia? Describe at least one of the endemic species (either plant or animal) that is under threat due to habitat loss or degradation. It is apparent that life is changing for the people in Micronesia as shown by the fact that fishermen have been recording lower levels of fish caught daily. It is apparent that the number of fish in the region has been on an exponentially decreasing trend that has led to many people facing uncertainty in their livelihood because the fish has been their main source of income and food. It is also apparent that the quality of the water has been compromised over the years. The people in the region claim that the water used to be clear, but it has turned into brown and green, and some of the regions are filled with silt, resulting in muddy beaches that can no longer support aquatic fauna and flora (Musburger, 2011). The region has also been facing an increase in the sea level, which has resulted in some of the islands being submerged in water. The people have been forced to move further inland where the terrain is higher than the sea line, which is quickly shifting inward. This means that in the future, the people living in Micronesia will have to move to other parts of the world when their homes get submerged in the water (Musburger, 2011). Additionally, the fertile lands for agriculture are also being submerged in the water, and the harsh weather patterns are also making farming an unreliable source of water in the region. This implies that people in Micronesia will soon face famine and various health issues. A biodiversity hotspot is a region associated with a high level of biodiversity and a high level of threat from destruction. Micronesia meets these characteristics because it is home to thousands of plant and animal species, whose existence is threatened by the climatic changes in the region. Most of the habitat is being destroyed by the changes in weather patterns and other environmental changes. The rise in sea level has seen the destruction of most of the land where animals and plants live. One of the endemic species in the region is 11 species of bats that are only found in the islands. What is the driving force behind the destruction of the elephant population? What other animal trades are mentioned on the World Wildlife site? Choose one to research further and describe the market demand for the product related to the animal at risk. Are any regulations in place? How are these regulations enforced? The driving force for the destruction of elephants is the ivory trade ( Hearts and minds , 2016). The world has also seen an increase in the trade of wildlife as pets and their various body parts are sold to people for various purposes, including the production of ornaments and leather. Trading wild animal skins and fur has been rampant over the past decade; thus, prompting the global society to develop policies that limit the trade of illegal wildlife products in the developed nations (Sliwinski, 2015). The nations across the world collaborate in ensurin
Introduction Since it is natural for a person to have a single native language, the studying second language has always been quite a problematic issue for the mankind. At present, there are a number of theories that claim to enhance the process of studying, yet it is only the efficient combination of theory and practice that can provide desirable results. Since it is important to develop various skills in mastering English, it is necessary to consider the theory of Vygotsky as the set of key principles of studying the second language and at the same time make effective use of the modern technologies, which James Gee suggests. Where Vygotsky’s Theory Leads to It cannot be denied that the theory suggested by Vygotsky proves the most efficient when it comes to teaching a second language. It is important to keep in mind that the researcher emphasized the importance of the early childhood care and education, explaining that the process of knowledge absorbing flows faster and more efficiently in early childhood. According to what Archakova says, The basic provisions by L.S. Vygotsky and his collaborators are addressed with regard to contemporary issues in ECCE, such as main approaches to ECCE all over the world, quality of ECCE, etc. Today, there are, broadly speaking, two different approaches to understanding the prospects of ECCE development (Archakova) It is also worth paying attention to the fact that Vygotsky’s theory stated the importance of the multilateral aspect of teaching, emphasizing the two priorities that the modern linguistics must be preoccupied at present. On the one hand, it is necessary to mention that Vygotsky’s works stress the need to work on a “mediation that is both necessary and sufficient for a satisfactory account of the social, cultural, historical formation of mind” (Daniels); whereas, on the other hand, the scientist explained the necessity to shape “a sufficiently robust understanding of the ways in which mediational means are produced” (Daniels) Considering the specifics of Vygotsky’s vision of the teaching and learning process, one can claim that the researcher “has made the distinction between two axes of development: natural and social/cultural” (Ginder 214), thus emphasizing that the process of mastering the second language is a multilateral problem. It is only with encom
Since the revolution that took place in 1954, Egypt has had three presidents namely: Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak. Hosni Mubarak became the president in Egypt after president Sadat was eliminated by the leaders of the Islamic Jihad group, who viciously differed with his policies. Before becoming the president in Egypt, Mubarak had served in the military and even as a minister of defense in the country. For over thirty years now, the leading party in Egypt has been the National Democratic Party. Even if the state constitution depicts Egypt as a democratic country, in the real sense it is not. The regime is usually authoritarian, given authority by elections. On 25 th January 2011, mass demonstrations against Mubarak and his government exploded in Cairo and other towns in Egypt. A week later, Mubarak declared that he would not vie during the presidential election scheduled in September. He also guaranteed constitutional changes. However, this did not persuade the majority of demonstrators as they wanted Mubarak to leave the office instantly. The protests went on and on 2 February, brutal clashes happened amid pro-Mubarak and anti-Mubarak demonstrators. Later on, Mubarak left the seat and he is currently awaiting trials for the crimes sued against him. In this paper, we shall conduct the first step of a partial democracy and governance assessment (DG) for Egypt during Mubarak’s regime. We shall examine consensus, rule of law, competition, inclusion and good governance. We shall then make a conclusion that summarizes the key points that will be discussed. Consensus A sophisticated consensus on the basic values, standards and rules of how a community will be ruled is the foundation on which protracted democracies are constructed. The course of institutional transformation supported by Egypt’s most powerful businessmen shares significant aspects of harmony with the reforms recommended by followers of Islamic constitutionalism and liberal constitutionalism (Alaa Al-Din Arafat, 2009). These groups support the formation of a more liberal nation with valuable constraints on its authority; a lucid and unprejudiced lawful code; and fortification of political and civil privileges. Nevertheless, there is no analogous consensus on the significance of expanding public involvement in politics. This verity implies that democracy and liberalism have become de- connected in the Egyptian instance. Liberalism is expected to progress gradually in prospect, while democracy is expected to progress slowly and irregularly. This course may finally result to democracy in prospect, especially if liberalism improves the private segment’s autonomy from the state and forms a more independent and politically vigorous middle class (Alaa Al-Din Arafat, 2009). Conversely, constitutional changes in 2007 were exclusively disappointing to the democrats. They felt that Egypt should stay as a hybrid regime with legal and institutional restrictions on the managerial authority. Rule of Law The constitution in Egypt grants for a well-built executive. Power is vested in a designated president who in turn appoints the prime minister, the vice pres
Introduction Taking care of the elderly people is a task that calls for much learning and experience on the side of the care provider. As a process in an individual’s life, learning is a continuous activity that kicks on immediately someone is born. Learning is about acquiring knowledge on how to do different things in life. Because knowledge is a wide area, at no point will one ever learn everything. There are different modes of learning that different individuals go through to gain knowledge. One of them is experiential learning where people gain knowledge through the experiences they go through in life. They are able to make a meaning from these experiences as well as concrete decisions. Kolb’s experiential learning theory defines the process people undergo in such circumstances showing how they reach decisions. Caring for the elderly calls for experiential learning because each individual case is unique on its own. Therefore, one has to combine the education acquired in class together with the experiences he or she is undergoing in a bid to make proper decisions. The paper focuses of the lifelong learning elderly care. Dealing with Physical Changes in Elderly Patients When individuals grow up, they start with their motions from moving slowly in an imbalanced and less coordinated way to moving fast and in full control of their bodies. The situation will then change back to a slower movement, which now becomes more rigid and coordinated as the elderly progresses in age. Elderly people lie in this category. They even lose their mobility completely as they grow up while others may be able to retain it as their ages advance. Lose of mobility in elderly people is due to the weakening of their body muscles as they can no longer redevelop as before. Therefore, most elderly people tend to seek help or need in their movement as a way of making their lives normal. Dealing with their Ambulation Ambulation is simply the act of walking. When caring for the old, the caregiver has to consider how they (the old people) will be walking in their daily activities. In fact, elderly people tend to move slowly as their ages advance because of their gradual loss of their mortar abilities. Their muscles tend to contract and relax slowly in that any motions that occur happen at a very low pace. Elderly people will therefore need a lot of space in the places they are living to allow them space that is enough to make movements from one place to the other. Therefore, their places of living should not have many obstacles like chairs and tables allover because the obstacles can easily trip them as they move around. As a caregiver for the elderly, one needs to make observations on the movement abilities of the elderly persons in their care in an attempt to come up with the best ways to arrange their places of living. One arrangement that should come out as st
Democracy in modern world is a process that has evolved over long period of time under different circumstances. For instance, political and democratic changes in Great Britain started way back in 18 th century and the road to political democracy was marked in 1918. This was as a result of Representation of the People Act which increased voting eligibility percentage from approximately 8.4 to 21.4 million voters. These changes happened during the term of sir Robert Walpole who was the England’s Prime Minister during that time. In the early years, the Act of Union resulted into merging of Scotland and England. Consequently, the Prime Minister came up with idea of creating a council of ministers or cabinet. Similarly, France was in the same political and democratic state like Britain. The rulings were made by both monarchs in France and Britain. However, French rulers practiced and believed in divine right of kings while British highly upheld parliamentary democracy. In 18 th century, the French revolution started and by 1789, National Assembly came up with a document referred to as the Declaration of Rights of Human and Citizens. On the other hand, the United States of America believed and practiced different political beliefs and structures (Almond & Verba, 1963). Another distinctive feature that marked Britain’s rise to political democracy was the Great Britain’s revolution. Moreover, in Britain, there were no displaced civil groups like was the case in German. Furthermore, the reforms that took place in France happened in a more liberal context and in presence of religious beliefs. However in Britain, the voting rights were extended but little reforms were initiated after 1918. In all European nations, the old forms of governments were abandoned. In Great Britain, the occurrence of revolutionary war made the latter to be defeated but a new republic was also created as a result of the revolution. In 1977 though, the Continental Congress drafted the Articles of the Confederation which were to be responsible for provision of a legal framework to the new born republic. Moreover, it is during 19 th century when greatest political and democratic events took place in Great Britain. These events were as a result of 1884, 1832 and 1867 Reform Acts. These Reform Acts gave the urban and the middle class citizens in Britain the right to vote thus resulting into increased electorate size. Consequently, Napoleonic code introduction and the rise and creation of Napoleon in most parts of Europe marked political and democratic events in the 19 th century. For instance, th
CalleetaCO is one of the leaders of the radio frequency identification (RFID) industry, operating in three countries and growing rapidly. Its CEO, Jan Samson, is currently facing a range of problems connected with the company’s HR policy. After a meeting with the board members, she needs to develop a plan that would satisfy the demands of the stakeholders, slow employee expense growth, and increase the company’s earnings. The key business issues facing Jan and CalleetaCO’s Vice President John Nosmas are connected with the stakeholders’ dissatisfaction caused by the slowing financial returns due to increased employee costs. The costs are growing at a rate significantly higher than the industry average, and the stakeholders demand that they are reduced. The dilemma that Jan and John need to solve is connected with the discrepancies between their and stakeholders’ visions of the company’s talent management system. Currently, CalleetaCO implements a talent management strategy aimed at hiring the best specialists and providing them with expensive benefit programs. The company has a large HR department that caters for all employees’ needs and offers individual support. The system significantly contributes to the company’s success, ensuring employee loyalty and satisfaction and helping them to develop the innovative products that the market demands. These contributions support CalleetaCO’s strategic goals of becoming the global leader in RFID products, ensuring that the company hires and retains the most highly skilled individuals in the industry who fuel the innovation. In order to meet the board’s demands, changes need to be made to the company’s HR strategy. The most radical way to satisfy the stakeholders would be to reform the whole system and significantly reduce HR costs. However, this approach would negatively affect the company and hinder the achievement of a sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, a plan needs to be developed on how to satisfy the stakeholders and reduce the costs without compromising on talent management. It can be recommended to conduct a thorough analysis of the cost-effectiveness of all elements of the company’s HR strategy. Currently, CalleetaCO provides a wide range of benefits to employees, and it is possibl
Abstract As the main research methods, a literature review will be conducted in order to learn the opinions of different authors concerning such a dish as tiramisu. Academic articles from scientific journals will be used to examine the origin of this dessert, as well as its prevalence around the world. Tiramisu will be considered as that dish that is distinguished by the simplicity of ingredients and its exquisite taste, which makes it so popular in different cultures. The central purpose of the paper is to define a classic and original recipe for tiramisu and to describe why the dish has become known throughout the world as one of the most frequently ordered desserts. Materials from online sources will help to consider additional features of tiramisu and expand the spectrum of analysis. Tiramisu Making delicious desserts, as it is known, is considered a cook’s art, and the qualification of the pastry chef plays a significant role in this process. However, there are dishes that, despite their relatively simple composition, are in demand all over the world and personify a particular culture. When talking about desserts, one of these dishes is tiramisu, and its name is likely to be familiar to everyone today. Tiramisu is the type of souffle that differs from most similar recipes in that it is based on a special sort of cookie. Today, there are many different interpretations of making the dish because, in each culture, there are particular preferences regarding some ingredients. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that Italy is the birthplace of tiramisu, and this country can be regarded as the one that gave the world the recipe for the famous dessert. In order to analyze the features of this dish, it is essential to study the relevant literature to draw conclusions about the history of its occurrence and the features of cooking. The research question is as follows: can the Italian way of cooking tiramisu be considered the original recipe for dessert in terms of the ingredients included in its composition? It is assumed that the Italian chefs were the first who combined all the components of the souffle and first introduced the world to a new dessert. Literature Review In order to answer the research question, several academic articles will be considered. Their practical value lies in the fact that all of them are peer-review and have been written over the past five years, that is, they are relevant. These articles will be the rationale for the study, and each of them will be evaluated regarding the main conclusions drawn by the authors. This article by Byrd-Bredbenner et al. (2015) examines different people’s habits in terms of nutrition and approaches to cooking. The authors claim that in the process of making dishes based on known recipes originating from certain countries, different products can be used (Byrd-Bredbenner et al., 2015). Moreover, nutrition solutions are considered. Thus, they note that “tiramisu, for example, may contain cocoa powder from Switzerland, espresso beans from Co
The process of socialization within individuals may presuppose some additional attitudes going against the standards of behaviors while grouping in different communities. People are urged to express their own opinions and make them frequently in an inappropriate way. This gives birth to the extent of internal group resistance appearing inside individuals in terms of several reasons, such as disagreement, bad mood, or others. It is interesting to work out under what conditions the extent of resistance happens and how it is presented in the transition stage of group development? First of all, it is significant to point out that the internal structure of a group presupposes the concept of subordination and hierarchical sequence of positions as of human beings and human resources, in particular. Every group is a unity of people. People can be united if somebody once made attempts for this. The dominants and the subordinates are the main constituent parts of a group. Here the importance of how a leader represents himself and what values he/she appreciates most of all in people and in the workplace play a great role. The authority of a leader depends on the responsibility which he/she takes due to resolving or prospering in this or that issue. This prospect can be emphasized when it holds a people-aimed character. In other words, the rest of the people, ex
The Silk Road presented a vast network of trade routes connecting Eurasia and North Africa through land and sea routes. The Chinese silk, a valuable commodity transported by merchants in the trade networks, gained the Silk Road’s popularity. The Silk Road was synonymous with the movement of people, objects and ideas. The route facilitated significant insights between Syria and India, such as cultural exchange and trade. For example, Byzantine and Sasanian coins were popular during the 6th and 7th centuries and could be traced to Chinese tombs despite their widespread use in medieval Central Asia. Such shows that the most valued coins followed the Silk Road to find their way to East Asia aided by the trade merchants. However, the coins were pierced from the source and could be used as jewelry or attached to clothing. Such function indicated that the currencies had depreciated and could serve as exotic ornaments. In such regard, this essay examines why people from China and Syria traverse the overland Silk Road for more than 1500 years even though trade was marginal on the routes. The growth of imperial power had a significant impact on trade between China and Western and Central Asia. For instance, the Punic Wars Victory allowed Rome to gain control of the Mediterranean shoreline. Roman Peace brought more trade with Han China marked by political stability enabling Rome to expand its overseas trade routes to North Africa and India. Traders on the Road Silk increased the relationship between Han and Roman empires despite the greater geographical distance. However, the long distance between the trading blocs compelled traders to look for alternative modes of transport. For instance, camels were useful in overland travels, and for that purpose, they were domesticated by the nomads of Central Asia in the 2nd millennium BCE. The use of camel transportation increased the viability of the Silk Road. Merchants also utilized sea transports and sailors who demonstrated a better understanding of the wind patterns for navigation. Silk Road increased the availability of goods across the dense trade network. Silk remained the most marketable and highly demanded product since only the Chinese knew the secret of raising silkworms and creating fabric from them. Such consideration allowed for the continued traveling of people from diverse locations via the Silk Road. The softness and appealing shimmer of silk enabled it to emerge as a payment mode in Central Asia. However, Indian spices from East Indies, Roman glass beads, animal fur from the Caucasian savannah, and slaves worldwide also utilized this route. Sculptures of animals were often traded in China as part of the Chinese culture, making an impression by being placed on graves. The exchange of ideas and diseases along the sea lanes and camel routes was typical. For instance, a plague believed to have originated from China in the 2nd century disrupted the Roman Empire population killing about 10% of the population. The Chinese also benefited from different religions