ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In order to analyze this article the described events should be fully understood. The article deals with the case of publisher – Black Conrad who was in charge of Hollinger International Inc., and worked as a publisher of the Chicago Sun-Times and the Daily Telegraph (London). The owner of the empire was accused of misleading the shareholders of Holliger International Inc. and enriching himself and his partners. Emotionals Colors of Text There is a great variety of techniques used in this article aiming to add emotional colors to the text. Analyzing this piece of writing, it can be noted that there is conceptual and factual information used in it. However, the amount of factual information is limited to the facts about who was present at the court, in particular, his wife and his daughter by his first wife and certainly his lawyer- one of the best in Canada. In comparison with rather scares amount of factual information, there is a great amount of conceptual information, which reflects the attitude of the author and his opinion on these events. Many words with ironical meaning can be found throughout the article, for example: “humble family guy” (these words seem not to have any negative light, however there is something ironical in this combination of words), “arrogance that is his default style” (also ironically underlines the haughtiness and pride of Conrad Black) and “ordinary family man”( sardonic nature of this phrase is discovered in comparison with the previous one). In terms of describing his wife and daughter, the color of author’s language is rather ironical and revealing: “shows off her legs”(these words are followed by the age of Lady Black), “her hands thrust deep into her pockets”(referring to the reserved nature of his daughter). The Biased and Loaded language One more techniques used by author is the biased and loaded language, as one of the tools of conceptual information method. Some emotionally colored words of loaded language serve to hold the overall idea and mood of this article. Here are the examples of the biased language: “sober suited” and “modest grey two-piece” (an analogy with mood of Black), “bullish confidence” (referring to the times when he owned Holliger). Conducting a deep analysis of the article, it is clear that all these emotionally colored words are used in order to ascertain the main author’s idea: a rich self-assured man Conrad Black is now in the situation and conditions he never expected to be in , moreover, in the court he is not an owner of empire any more, but an ordinary man. And the fact that only few people in the jury know about his former power is rather ironical especially in comparison with Conrad Black’s earlier statement that he is “an ordinary man”. The effectiveness of this article lies in the great variety of techniques and tools used to describe the events: factual and conceptual information, loaded language, emotionally colored words, description of the place, opinions of other people from their point of view. The tone of the text is rather dark; however reader is not bored while read
Background Information Kuwait has one of the best healthcare systems in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The system is dedicated to the provision of high-quality and safe healthcare to its people. To achieve these objectives, the system employs expatriate healthcare practitioners from advanced countries such as the United States and United Kingdom (Casey, 2007). In addition, the country’s healthcare system uses advanced information and communication technologies such as the electronic medical records and diagnostic imaging systems. In addition, the country’s healthcare system is characterized by organizational culture of patient safety and quality care. Despite these strengths, Kuwait’s healthcare system is rife with weaknesses which negatively affect the quality of care provided to patients as well as patient safety. These weaknesses include cultural incompetence, inaccessibility of crucial information, cost-effectiveness restraints, nursing shortages and human resources challenges such as high staff turnover rates, low staff morale, and lack of teamwork spirit. The strength of Kuwait’s healthcare system can further be enhanced through the implementation of quality-improvement measures that address the above-mentioned weaknesses. The aim of this paper is to develop a quality improvement program for Kuwait’s healthcare system to address the human resources challenges (high staff turnover rates, low staff morale, and lack of teamwork) using quality improvement tools and frameworks. Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) The main goal of the quality improvement program is to enhance the quality of care provided to patients by increasing patients’ and staff satisfaction. The following principles will guide the CQI efforts of the healthcare system. Leadership commitment The understanding and active dedication of the system’s leadership will provide the platform upon which successful execution of the CQI will be realized. The leaders should therefore share the same vision, support the same principles and motivate those they lead to do the same. The leaders should take the full responsibility of supervising the quality improvement efforts (Gothard and Wixson, 1994). In order to ensure a smooth running of the QI program, a clinical quality improvement committee (CQIC) will be formed (Eubanks, 1994). This commit
The main thrust of the reading is the comparison of modern day fires and the ancient fires in Australia. The author brings out the contract between the fires. The old day fires in Australia, which the author refers to as Aborigines bushfires is depicted to have been of greater importance to the livelihood of people at that time. Aborigine’s bushfires were never as devastated as present or modern Australia fires. There were little or minimal killer fires in Australia because they knew to prevent such fires and worked harder to make the fire malleable. The bushfires also never had devastating effects because the country was properly looked after and it much harder for large scale bushfires occurring. Bush burning during the period was controlled, predetermined by season and predictable. Additionally, burning was purposefully done to either benefit animals, allow re-vegetation, and attracting game. The locals had proper timing, and frequency helped regulate fire intensity (Gammage, 2011). Conversely, modern Australia fires are more devastating than the Aborigine fires. This is attributed to cluttered, grassy and scrubby vegetation cover. Furthermore, the devastating fires are attributed to poor biodiversity conservation and lack of skills, awareness, and inclination to fight such fires. The forests are dense today, which is a great risk in case of fire breakup. The present generation is more centralized and disregards the local knowledge that is vital in fire management (Gammage, 2011). The author observes that killer fires are prevalent today due to modern society’s lack of important knowledge in the control of such fires. The main issue arising from the reading is the present day devastating effects of the modern fires as compared to the old days when the fire was an ally in Australia. From the presentation of the explanation of the causes of this phenomenon, it is clear that the differences in the utilization of the biodiversity are the key indicator for the variance. Another key issue arising from the commentary is the differences in the management of the biodiversity between the past Australian society and the modern society that was created after the arrival of the European. I tend to agree with the fact that poor management of the natural resources or rather biodiversity is an explanation for the devastating effects of the bushfires presently. I also agree with the authors’ suggestion that for the present Australian society to combat this killer fires effectively, local knowledge on how to manage fires and biodiversity a critical strategy in the elimination of the fires and its devastating effects. Reference Gammage, B. (2011). Fire in 1788: The Closest Ally. Australian Historical Studies , 42(2): 277–288.
Introduction The liability of internet intermediaries has been a contentious issue in many legal and academic fields. The e-commerce directive 2000/31/EC was introduced to address these concerns by providing a legal framework for regulating online transactions, including those in the international market. The directive’s main goal is to eliminate barriers relating to online transactions in the EU and to provide agents who operate outside of the jurisdiction a guarantee that their personal and business transactions are legally guaranteed. This legal provision sets out unique rules relating to information disclosure, commercial communications and electronic contracts. Other legal issues addressed by the law include limitations of liability for the intermediary service providers, administrative obligations for member states, and the need for self-regulation and information requirements for online service providers. 1 Although these developments have helped to reassure stakeholders in the e-commerce field that their transactions are guaranteed by the law, there are concerns that the law inadequately covers internet service providers (ISPs). This paper is a critical analysis of these opposing points of view. In detail, it analyses the merits of the e-commerce directive 2000/31/EC and examines some of its criticisms. Based on these discussions, a review is done to evaluate both sides of the argument and a conclusion is derived in the last part of the essay. However, before delving into the details of this review, it is important to understand relevant cases that led to the formulation of the e-commerce directive 2000/31/EC in the first place. They appear below. Cases There have been many legal cases that have been cited to explain the problem that exists in regulating the liability of internet intermediaries in e-commerce. The recent high court case involving L’Oreal v eBay is one such example because it was applicable throughout Europe. In the case, L’Oreal sued eBay for the unauthorised sale of its products. In the case, the plaintiff identified at least 17 cases where his products were being sold on the online auction site. 2 Two of the 17 cases involved the sale of counterfeit goods, while the rest involved genuine goods. Part of the contention was that the 15 genuine products sold on eBay were marketed in the European Economic Area (EEA) without the consent of L’Oreal. Although the high court sided with the plaintiff on the basis that the sales were unauthorised, it refused to apportion blame to eBay for allowing such a sale on its online auction site. Although the case was decided by the High Court, it was referred to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) because there were still several pending issues relating to it. Another case that shows the problems internet intermediaries encounter in the e-commerce field is Godfrey v Demon Internet Service . The plaintiff, Laurence Godfrey, had noticed that someone posted a message on an online platform ( soc.culture.thai .) and pas
Introduction Communication is an integral part of our life. We live in a society and need to contact different people every day. The emotions which we express in the conversation with people play a crucial role in the mutual understanding and influence the effectiveness of communication to a large extent. Hate as a negative emotion represents the factor destroying effective communication and the ties between people. The aim of this essay is to analyze the influence of hate speech, its roots, and consequences. The Hate in Psychological Context Hate is defined as the “intense hostility or the aversion usually deriving from fear, anger, or sense of injury” (“Hate” n.pag.). Psychologists say that hate is a derivative of pride or guilt (“Emotions” n.pag.). The former is the emotion directed to other people, whereas the later is the feeling which we have in relation to ourselves (“Emotions” n.pag.). Paranoia is close to hate, but it is far more intensive than the hate and reflects a pathological stance of mentality. However, the scholars argue that hate is a feeling supporting clear thinking, cools the minds, and strengthens the will (“Emotions” n,page.). “There are two factors at the root of hatred: the devaluation of the victim and the ideology of the hater” (Navarro et al. 11). Hate is a strong negative feeling which can be the result of the unethical behavior, the lack of education, and the errors in thinking. Undoubtedly, the control over yourself is the primary tool of avoiding negative feelings but it is not the only one. The feeling of anger and hate is very often the quality of the people who have inner problems. Sometimes it is the question of the self-confidence or the morality. Nevertheless, hate is one of the important aspects of people communication as it affects it negatively. Therefore, we need to know how to turn the negative feelings into the positive ones not allowing them destroying our life. Hate Speech and Violence “Hate speech – the advocacy of hatred based on nationality, race or religion – occupies an exceptional position in international law” (“Hate Speech” n.pag.). First of all, hate speech is contrary to ethical behavior. Secondly, it provokes conflicts. The international law states that all people have equal rights regardless of race, sex, or social status. That is why hate speech violates the norms of international law. The hate speech is always characterized by the expression of anger, envy, and other negative emotions. It sharpens the conflict situation and if one of the parties losses control, these emotions can lead to violence and crime. “Violence is an extreme form of aggression, such as assault, rape or murder” (“Violence” n.pag.). Not always hate speech can lead to violence. However, taking into account the emotional overstrain of the situation which the hate speech maintains, the physical violence often results from it. Media can also provoke violence. Very often the emotional s
This one should be about famous and smart female movie characters. For example, the Poison Ivy from the Batman movie, who was a scientist It is such a pleasure to see a smart woman on screen, even if she is a totally imaginary character. It strikes a blow against painful and damaging stereotypes, and wakes up the audience to new possibilities. If she happens to be strong and decisive, all the better. There have been great female brains for decades, if you know where to look. The wonderful Katherine Hepburn was sharp as a letter opener in in Desk Set , a 1957 film with Spencer Tracy . She plays Bunny Watson, an information operator for a huge TV station. This job description is a sort of combination of Siri from the iPhone with access to Google, and a fabulous figure besides. She answers any and all sorts of questions from the other staff at the station, keeping the reporters and talking heads from making utter fools of themselves. Spencer Tracy plays an efficiency expert consultant who tries to install a computer in this entirely female-staffed department of brainy youngish women. As you might expect, he and the computer are both vanquished by love and the cleverness of Hepburn. Hepburn, in the 1949 film, Adam’s Rib , had played a lady lawyer opposing her husband in a case of a woman shooting her husband, so embodying someone smart, assertive, and highly competent was not a new sort of role for her. Tracy was her opposite number in this earlier flim, and they were joined by a wonderful comedienne, Judy Holliday. A year later, in 1959, Holliday created a territific and paradoxical smart girl role in Born Yesterday. She played the uneducated quintessentially blonde girlfriend of a self-made magnate, tutored by a handsome young professor type – William Holden. Over the course of the movie, she learns to read and think critically and analytically. She comes into her own intellectually, and ends up showing just how smart she actually is. Needless to say, William Holden is enchanted by her, and her boorish boyfriend is kicked to the curb. More recently, consider the smartest witch at Hogwarts – Hermione Granger. She gets her male classmates out of trouble every few minutes. The Harry Potter films would be pretty one dimensional without her magical and emotional insights. Consider also Sigourney Weaver’s wonderfully resourceful character, Ellen Ripley, in the Aliens series. This gal figures out how to defend herself against a swiftly evolving super-predator. In the later film, she defends her young companion as well. Weave
Introduction Executive compensation in the modern business world in general and in financial institutions, in particular, has been the subject of public controversy for a long time. The issue is complicated by the fact that the extant research in the fields of accounting, finance, law, business studies, and economics, among others, is characterized by numerous opposing opinions. For example, a study by Fang shows that there is a positive relationship between the performance of a company and the amount of compensation paid to its senior executives (2). However, another research study on the link between executive compensation and performance reveals that the relationship is relatively weak (Collins et al. 67). There are also proponents of the view that the problem with executive pay lies in it not being tied to executive performance. Therefore, when discussing the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation, it is of great importance to consider all key perspectives on the issue. The aim of this paper is to analyze a case study on the compensation of the Royal Bank of Scotland’s CEO, Stephen Hester. The paper will also discuss performance measures used for the evaluation of senior executives and the feasibility of current approaches to compensation in value-maximizing organizations. Summary of the Case The chief executive of the state-owned financial institution became part of a social scandal after foregoing a massive bonus. The bank’s chairman was pressured to turn down a £1 million bonus, which was only a fraction of the monetary incentives received by his colleagues in the banking industry (Noe 569). Specifically, in the same year, the heads of America’s and Germany’s biggest banks received £7.7million and $21 million in bonuses, respectively (Noe 569). Mr. Hester argued that he deserved the bonus for the progress made by the bank under his command. However, there were those who believed that the CEO was unfairly rewarded for the poor performance of the organization (Noe 570). Performance Measures Compensation practices in the finance industry should be influenced by performance measures to discourage excessive risk-taking. An additional reason for introducing performance-vesting provisions into CEOs’ contracts is to ensure that they are not rewarded for poor performance (Croonen). To evaluate the efforts of Mr. Hester, it is necessary to use several performance measures such as stock prices and net income. The evaluation of stock prices is especially important for shareholders, who need to ensure that the CEO provides them with a higher return on their investment (Pandher and Currie 24). It follows that if the bank’s shares are falling, the shareholders can take corrective actions such as restrictions on senior executive rewards. To determine Mr. Hester’s compensation, it is necessary to take into consideration the net income of RBS. This has to do with the fact that increases or decreases in net income result in fluctuations in the bank’s profit that should be reflected in executive compensation. Furthermore, increases in profits translate into higher earnings per share, which benefits shareholde
Introduction Further comparative analysis of the selected criteria will be based on data from the 2010 census conducted in the state of Pennsylvania, in particular, in the counties of Beaver and Philadelphia. The posed questions are:  1. Why are many of the indicators higher in Beaver County than in Philadelphia County?  2. Why is the marriage rate significantly higher in Beaver County than in Philadelphia County? Income Beaver County In 2010, the median income per family was appraised at $60,672. The area used to be once dominated by the heavy steel industry. However, a severe decline in steel production caused new, smaller sectors and services to appear in the area. The median annual income of the entire United States equals $65,712, making the county’s residents live below the average standards ( Beaver County , n. d.). The largest industry in the county is healthcare and social assistance; the manufacturing field and retail trade follow it. Besides, Beaver county deals with mining, oil and gas production, and quarrying, the most high-paid industries. This county’s income level is higher due to the oiling and gas fields that provide more job opportunities. In addition, the population size is smaller, which guarantees work eligibility for more individuals. Philadelphia County The median income per family was estimated at $40,423 in 2010. It was evaluated that the county had more than 20,000 enterprises in the district ( Philadelphia County , n. d.). Some of the widely spread industries are healthcare, social care, educational services, and retail trade. There are numerous job opportunities for people willing to work in the sphere of education. The county’s labor market is often regarded as the capital of “Eds and Meds” (standing for education and medicine) due to multiple healthcare and educational institutions located in the area ( Population , n. d.). The income is almost one-third smaller in Philadelphia County because of its large population size and racial-ethnic diversity. The majority of residents do not have citizenship and work illegally. Family Size Beaver County The family size in Beaver County is 2.83 people, which means that most families living in the area include either a wife and husband or a married couple and one child. The county’s population equaled 170 thousand people in 2010 ( Beaver County , n. d.). There has been a significant decline in population growth and birth rate. Nevertheless, the county’s family size remains on the average level across the state. In addition, Beaver County’s territory is comprised chiefly of boroughs and townships, which implies that people are used to leading family lifestyles. Besides, married couples have a tendency to live in private houses rather than apparent. This signifies that they tend to have at least one child. Philadelphia County The average household size in Philadelphia County was 2.48, and the average family