ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Acetaminophen is used in pain-relieving as an analgesic or fever alleviation as an antipyretic drug. The drug is available on its own as over the counter (OTC) drug, or as a combination with other OTC or prescription drugs. According to the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA), the intake of a large amount of acetaminophen causes liver damage (Yan par. 4). The authority also reports of rare but severe cases in which the drug has caused damages on the skin. Consequently, FDA ordered pharmaceutical firms to limit the amount of acetaminophen to levels below 325 mg in the formulation of combined drugs. This order is effective from January 2014 (Yan par. 7). Yan writes the article on 16 th of January 2014, two days after the FDA press release, to remind the American population that the 2011 FDA order to drug manufacturing companies has come to effect (FDA par. 1). This article reminds the consumers and medical practitioners of the existence of products containing acetaminophen above the regulated limits. These may be drugs manufactured before January 2014, or may be drugs formulated by pharmaceutical firms, which have not yet observed the 2011 FDA order. The writer of the article as well informs the consumers of the fatal liver damage caused by acetaminophen overdose. He informs the consumers to be vigilant with doctors’ prescriptions. According to Yan, consumers need to look for the word “ acetaminophen ” or “ APAP ” in the prescription leaflets (Yan par. 13). According to this article, most of the patients are ignorant on the content of acetaminophen contained in the drug product they take. Therefore, a large number of these consumers unknowingly take more than the required amount of acetaminophen. For this reason, the Food and Drugs Authority on 14 th of January 2014 ordered all health stakeholders to ensure that products containing more than 325 mg of acetaminophen are never prescribed (Yan par. 8). Consumers are unaware that many drug products contain acetaminophen, hence consume at the same time a variety of these drugs, which consequently risk their lives. Acetaminophen is often formulated as combination drugs with pain medications like hydrocodone (as in Vicodon), codeine (as in Extra Strength Tylenol) and oxycodone (as in Percocet). Some of these drugs still contain content of acetaminophen above the regulated amount (Yan par. 3). The objective of the Food and Drugs Authority regulation on products containing acetaminophen is to reduce the number of liver poisoning or deaths caused by acetaminophen overdoses. The required dose of acetaminophen per day is 4 grams, a quantity that can be reached by taking 8 tablets of “ Extra Strength Tylenol. ” The Authority also advises consumers not to take at the same time different products containing acetaminophen. This requirement will limit the unintended overdose (Yan par. 10). This is an interesting article in the fight of drug overdose. The writer of
Both the e.e. Cummings poem, “She Being Brand” and Sharon Olds’ poem “Sex Without Love” address the act of love-making. However, although both use humor , rhythm, and metaphor, Cummings is less explicit. His poem, perhaps reflecting a certain sexual modesty still prevailing in society in his decade, can be read as a straightforward love affair with a car or other motorized vehicle, rather than a metaphor for an encounter with a human woman. More importantly, perhaps, Cummings celebrates the mutuality of the act, while Olds implies a critique of those who engage in sex purely for pleasure rather than to build a relationship. Each poet employs a variety of techniques to evoke the act of sex. For example, Olds echoes the rhythm of approaching climax in the repetition of a phrase containing a word often used to describe that climax. Olds asks, “How do they come to the/come to the come to the/ God come to the/still waters… “ (Olds, lines 8-10). This three word phrase, reiterated four times, humorously reproduces the way that people under these circumstances lose the capacity to finish a sentence or a thought. They often also call on the deity at this moment. Similarly, e.e. Cummings describes the same critical moment in an episode of intimacy as follows: I slammed on/the/internalexpanding/&/externalcontracting/ breaks Bothatonce and/ brought allofher tremB/-ling/to a:dead./stand-/Still) (Cummings, lines 28-38). In these lines, Cummings creates a rhythm with the shoved together words describing the brakes, or “breaks” (Cummings, line 33). These phrases are a sly reference to the conjoined anatomy of the male and female bodies. The shoving together of these words reminds the reader of the breathless quality of intercourse. The repetition of these shoved together words, with pauses between them, suggests the cyclical increases in intensity that intimacy often includes. However, this use of words can also be read as the chuff-chuff of any internal combustion engine. In this respect, e.e. cummings spares his readers all embarrassment or discomfort. This use of concealing metaphor allows his readers to appreciate his poem on whatever level they feel comfortable reaching. Olds, on the other hand, comes right out and states her purpose in the title. The secondary image to which uncommitted sex partners are compared; namely, that of joggers out to test their ability against the road, is given seven lines; or roughly a third of the poem. Her explicitness forces readers to frankly contemplate what has been lost in the era of hook-ups. In this aspect, the poem differs most strikingly from cummings’. Cummings is sharing an experience; a specific relationship with one woman, perhaps, even though his description of it is metaphorical. Olds, on the other hand, is asking a question and in the process, asserting an opinion rega
The civil war took place in the time period between 1861 and 1865; it was a reaction to the victory of President Abraham Lincoln during the war (Morse 22). President Lincoln was against the idea of keeping people as slaves but not everyone supported him in this idea. African Americans were mainly kept as slaves during this time period and they could be bought and sold just as if they were commodities. In relation to the opposition of the election and ideas of President Lincoln, 11 states on the Southern part of the United States of America separated from the rest of the states and formed the Confederate States of America also known as the Confederacy (Morse 22). The rest of the 25 states supported President Lincoln and his federal government also known as the union. The two sides went into war for a period of four years, which mostly took place in the States located on the Southern side of America. The Union defeated the confederacy which was forced to surrender and eventually slavery was outlawed. The Civil War During the civil war, a lot of letters were exchanged between the two sides that were involved in the war. There were many love letters that were exchanged from the two sides which mostly communicated how they missed and longed to see their families once the war came to a stop. The soldiers on the union side communicated how they were winning to their loved ones while the soldiers from the confederacy communicated how they did not think the battle was proceeding on well (Morse 87). They however did not want to communicate this directly because they did not want to worry their loved ones. However, the soldiers from the union side did not hide the fact that they were winning from their families, probably to give them hope and encouragement that they were doing fine and therefore they should not worry. The common message in these letters that were passed between the two sides was the communication that the soldiers missed seeing their loved ones and how they hoped that the battle would end soon so that they could go back and be with their families. Letters from family members from both sides of the soldiers fighting also communicated on how their family members were proceeding on with their lives i.e. whether they were unwell, who had passed on or who had given birth and so on. Soldiers from both sides of the families; confederacy and union, also sent their loved ones money together with the letters. Towards the time period when the civil war was coming to an end, the soldiers from the confederacy side wrote letters to their loved ones telling them that their side had decided to give in to the union side and that they would soon go home. In comparison, letters from the union side written to their loved ones showed that they told their families that the war was coming to an end because they had defeated the opposite side which meant that President Lincoln would continue being in power (Morse 110) Conclusion The civil war led to the freedom of slaves because the Southern states that formed the confederacy were defeated by the rest of the 11 states s
Born in 1901, Louis Armstrong fondly referred to “Satchmo” is one of the most significant contributors to Jazz as a genre of music. Observers noted that he was a man with humor, and the ability to make everyone around him happy. What defined his music is the passion and creativity that he presented. Consequently, this brought to life a new form of music that current musicians try to copy. He introduced a new approach to Jazz commonly referred to as “swing” and spent his lifetime presenting it to the world. His influence did not only have influence during the 20 th Century but also spread through the 21st century 1 . His musical roots began to grow while he was still young as he performed during local events such as funerals and parades. These kinds of performances caught the attention of musical moguls in New Orleans such as Joe Oliver. Oliver was a respectable trumpet player. He became his mentor and later left Armstrong to take his place in the Kid Ory’s band. This opened up the musical experience for Armstrong, who continued to develop his skills by playing alongside other established Jazz players. By 1926, Armstrong was dominating the mainstream media since his music was played on records and the radio. The people of New Orleans appreciated his many performances in Jazz clubs, and this helped him rise to prominence. The year 1929 saw him move to New York, where he continued to horn his trade. It is during this period that the tag, “king of jazz” became his own. By the thirties, Armstrong was already a household name, and he had many performances in America and Europe 2 . Armstro
Introduction Leadership especially in the field of nursing has become an important topic today as healthcare researchers place a lot of emphasis in leadership training (Canadian Nursing Association, 2010). Most researchers (Daly, Speedy and Jackson, 2004) views leadership as integral in the creation of new health care systems around the world because it ensures there is proper health care delivery and patient management. The changing health care industry and the rapid changes that have taken place in the health care systems have placed a lot of importance in leadership amongst health care providers (Goodwin, 2006). The changing health care systems have been attributed to the changing social institutions around the world that have been facing transitions since the beginning of industrialization and the introduction of the information technology era (Goodwin, 2006). Therefore, building up leadership capabilities for nurses is very essential to enable them provide proper healthcare in any situation. This paper is a case study on building up leadership capabilities on nurses working in remote area in North Batinah Region in Oman. Background of Nursing Management in Oman The North Batinah Region of Oman which will be our area of focus in this study falls under the Al Batinah Region which is found in the coast of the Gulf of Oman. The area experiences health care shortages in terms of both staff as well as health care facilities to meet the primary health care needs of the citizens in the area. In the North Batinah Region (NBR), there are ten health care institutions located in remote areas that offer a range of medical services such as dental and general health checkups, pre-natal and post natal healthcare, special care services for people with disabilities and dialysis treatment for kidney failure as well as treatments for various other types of illnesses (Alghemini, 2008). These healthcare services are mostly offered by nurses and other health workers within the institution which means that nurses have the most work when it comes to health care service delivery in this region. Accessing
Contemporary art exhibitions often display installations that have a specific semantic context and are designed to influence the public. The works of Barbara Kruger, as one of the prominent figures of visual art in recent years, contain unique messages and are widely known for their slogans. As an object of review, her print called “Face It (Green)” will be considered (Figure 1). This artwork emphasizes how meaningless the pursuit of expensive brands is when real wealth and beauty are in other values. The exhibitions that the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden holds aim to attract the attention of the audience to pressing issues, and the features of the artwork in question reflect Kruger’s creative personality. Figure 1. Face it (green) (Kruger, 2017). Physical Nature of the Artwork Barbara Krueger, who is known for her provocative artworks, created the poster in question in order to draw attention to social stereotypes. According to Chen (2019), the artist used cultural phenomena as tools to make her works and focused on symbolism to reflect her vision of the world. The work under consideration is a pigment print with a size of 42.9 by 33 inches. As a material, a photo rag is applied, which, however, does not make the canvas less valuable. The presentation of the artwork is free, and anyone can see and appreciate Kruger’s idea of ​​the futility of imitation and following stereotypes. Content of the Artwork The content of the artwork includes not only graphic but also textual elements. According to the representatives of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, in recent decades, Barbara Kruger has focused on language messages and acted on the audience with special slogans (“Meet the artist,” 2012). This artwork depicts clothes with a label that warns the buyer that this wardrobe item will not make him or her either rich or beautiful. For an additional impact, the inscription “Face It!” is used as the irony that conveys the author’s attitude to prevailing trends. This approach is typical of Kruger’s art in recent years and serves as a means of ridiculing false values ​​promoted in modern society. In its physical expression, the print in question corresponds with the traditions chosen by Kruger. The bright inscription attracts viewers’ attention and serves as a visiting card of the artist. The green tint of the image is a stylization that makes it possible to focus on the promise of artwork rather than its design features. On the canvas, minimum details are presented, and the key emphasis is on the inscription on the garment, which carries the main meaning. The catchy slogan “Face It!” reflects the position of the author and acts as her personal assessment of the content. Despite its minimalistic character, this print is recognizable all over the world due to a unique style to which Krueger adheres. The museum presentation of the artwork does not offer any additional design elements, although an exhibition setting itself draws attention to the canvas and makes one examine it carefully. These features of the artwork content distinguish it from many other contemporary arti
What do you think are the most important messages conveyed by President Lincoln in his 1) First Inaugural Address and 2) Second Inaugural Address? Explain why you believe these to be the most important messages in these two speeches given the context of the time in which they were delivered (1861 and 1865). President Abraham Lincoln’s inaugural addresses—one during his first inauguration on the brink of the Civil War and one during his second inauguration four years later, when the war was at a close—were important indications of the most challenging issues for the American nation at the time. In fact, the use of the word “nation” in this context may not be accurate. Foner notes that in his first inaugural address, Lincoln did not use the word “nation” at all (although he said “National Constitution” three times), while he used the word “union” 20 times. Two years later, in another famous speech known as the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln referred to the “nation” five times without mentioning “union” even once. In his second inaugural address, Lincoln used both “union” (four times) and “nation” (three times). Through these speeches, an important shift can be seen from regarding the country as a collection of independent states brought together by common goals and shared values (a union) to regarding it as “a unified political entity” (a nation), as Foner explains. Reflecting on the main points and words of Lincoln’s two inaugural addresses provides a valuable perspective not only on what Lincoln thought were the most important issues to tackle as the war was about to begin and as it was about to end but also on what the president proposed to pursue. In this context, his first inaugural address can be seen as a call for the South to avoid civil war, as opposed to a call upon the North to start one, and the second inaugural address can be seen as a declaration of the need for reconciliation between the North and the South, as opposed to a triumphant celebration of the Union. In 1861, Lincoln thought that his duty as president was to assure the Confederacy, whose president had been inaugurated two weeks earlier, that the North did not want a war and would not start one. Indeed, this is the main theme of the entire address, as Lincoln was mainly addressing himself to the South. He even stated that he had “no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exist[ed].” Furthermore, President Lincoln dedicated a large portion of his address to the U.S. Constitution, noting that it did not expressly state whether Congress could prohibit slavery or whether it was protected. Lincoln did acknowledge that the matter of slavery constituted a “substantial dispute” between the two parts of the country, and that the dispute was of an ethical nature, as one part of the country thought slavery was right and the other thought it was wrong. However, President Lincoln asserted that the government was unwilling to take up arms, as he said, “In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen [in the southern states], and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civi
Introduction Modern conditions of the toughest competition force companies to appeal to the best available innovative technological solutions. Human augmentation (HA) tends to be among these decisions and provides firms with a considerable number of opportunities. Such a trend starts to be in the focus of discussions of various specialists, including business analytics. This research aims to explore this theme, appealing to the latest findings in the area. The emphasis will be made on the essence of the phenomenon, its impact on organizations, and recommendations for a particular UAE company in this regard. Literature Review Throughout history, people have constantly developed technologies that would make their lives easier and help overcome physiological limitations. Recent advances in biotechnology, chemistry, physics, bioinformatics, medicine and computer science are helping one create a new generation of devices that improve human performance (Schmidt, 2017). Machines become truly intuitive and natural extensions of thoughts, feelings, and movements. Today, there can be a wearable device that instead of reading data from the brain “writes” directly into it, suggesting options for using neuromodulation to improve chronic conditions. Such technologies significantly expand existing capabilities, creating new sensory, physical, mental and emotional abilities – from augmentation to brain-machine interfaces. The practice of augmentation with biological materials and prostheses is already underway (Fernandes, 2016). Cosmetic surgery and smart wearable devices have become commonplace in society. The expansion of connected devices and the development of synthetic biology are the next steps in expanding human capabilities. The interaction of everything in the world is becoming closer: people, devices, infrastructure will increasingly intertwine through the IoT network architecture, as well as through 5G and 6G networks. Over the next decade, more sophisticated technologies will begin to improve human capabilities. Audio implants will advance hearing or translate speech into different languages. Olfactory implants will use a mild electrical stimulus to heighten experienced emotions from smells or to warn of hazards such as gas leaks, smoke or fire (Wagner, 2020). Moreover, non-invasive wearable devices will communicate directly with the brains and cells. Implantable brain-machine interfaces could allow humans to interact with devices instantly. For example, neuroprosthetics can allow a person to move a prosthetic arm with the same ease as a biological limb (Raisamo et al., 2019). Special chips can change the amount and nature of the information stored in the brain. Moreover, digitizing mem
Every individual’s character and worldview is inevitably influenced by the environment in which they grow. Family, community, friends, and neighbors ─ all of these people have a profound impact on the formation of one’s personality. Some features are acquired later in life, but the majority of them are given in childhood and youth. At that time, people absorb everything from those surrounding them and try to copy the type of behavior of someone they love and respect. As for me, I think that the creation of my identity and personality was most prominently affected by my parents. I come from the Nigerian background. When I was in grade 8, we moved to the USA, which was both an opportunity to improve our lives and a challenge for our family. If I were to describe my parents with just one word, it would certainly be “hardworking.” Life has never been easy for them, but they have always managed to make their way through it with a smile. My parents are a perfect example of dedication and determination. They taught me that one should never give up but continue working to reach all the goals that have been set. Due to such family environment, I grew up to be diligent and ambitious. Even at times when an average person would give up, I do not. I remember that I am the only one who can help me through all hardships, and the inspirational example of my parents helps me to survive all the difficulties. Another entity that affected my personality greatly is my community. It taught me to be self-sufficient and never become sad because of other people’s biased attitudes. The environment in which I grew up made me a self-respectful and hardworking individual, for which I will be eternally grateful.