ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Equiano Olaudah has had a life full of challenges right from his early childhood. From the time Equiano was kidnapped when he was left at home, he shares about his life as a slave and it is rather clear that the experience was dreadful as the reader is able to see and understand clearly how the slaves are treated when being transported to become slaves in foreign land; hunger, starvation, brutality and death are major problems faced by the slaves (Equiano, 89). The first chapter of this book by Equiano makes an introduction about his origin country and it also gives a description of his background information. Thus, in order to understand better about Equiano’s life, it is important we briefly focus on his basic information as presented in this book because it provides the reader with a good basis for argument about the topic. The narrative of Equiano’s life Equiano was born in Africa in a country known as Benin, his family included seven members and Equiano was the youngest in the family that only had one sister; during his childhood, he was taught the art of war which he enjoyed doing until the age of eleven years when he was kidnapped together with his only sister and they were taken to a foreign land where they became slaves (Equiano, 26). Equiano was sold to Mr. Pascal as a slave and it was here that he was given the name Gustavus Vassa as it was traditional for masters to give their slaves new names. Pascal sent Equiano to Britain and here, Equiano had a chance to visit places; most importantly he was sent to school in London where he learned how to write and read (Equiano, 127). It is after this that Equiano visited other different countries and after several years, Equiano had a chance to come back to Britain where he made a very essential decision; he ventured into politics and become involved in legal procedures in efforts to campaign against slavery and slave trade. For this reason, Equiano made the first step in his major campaign by writing the book “The Interesting Narrative” which was aimed at sensitizing and campaigning against slavery. Discussion How does Equiano define himself by the time he is writing his book? Its is no doubt that, Equiano’s life is a concept full of dilemma for two major reasons; one, as we have already learned, Equiano was kidnapped and brought to Britain as a slave from Africa where he had a family, parents and siblings who all lived there. Secondly, the question about his identity remains a dilemma since, when Equiano came to Britain, although he was a slave in the beginning, he had great opportunities and he became a very prominen
Introduction The media shapes the general thinking of people around the world besides influencing their ideologies. A certain pattern that has emerged is whereby the media doctors the information given to the public such that it ends up communicating its own opinion to the public. Ironically, this happens on a large scale in societies that would claim to enjoy democratic rights. Here, governors, senators, presidents, and other politicians are greatly at the mercy of the media to attain and maintain political offices. Tools that are at the disposal of media houses are enormous. (The National 2009) This may include choosing which news to report, altering information on actual events, fronting headlines in a biased manner among other things. History however is not biased. It is only in the future that we may understand how events happening today shaped the world. We may try to look at the world with keen and discerning eyes independent of media reporting. We may then be surprised to learn how we have been blinded by the media and our cocoons of ignorance that does not give us a true picture of world events. To help us understand this better, I will review a recent event that occurred in Asia where North Korea and South Korea were involved in naval combat. (SANG-HUN 2009) Body North Korea and South Korea are in existence as a result of the “cold war” that existed between the U.S and Russia. In fact, forces from both countries were involved in warfare that split Korea into two countries. While North Korea is basically a communist society and country, South Korea is more democratic and an Important ally of the United States. These two countries are always suspicious of each other and have put measures that suggest full combat can occur between the two at any time. While the Northern country is poorer than its counterpart, it has built a formidable military force that could include nuclear weapons. The possibilit
Modern classrooms are characterized by learners with diverse learning capabilities. There is no specific method of instruction which can gather for all the learners. Teachers are confronted with a challenge of teaching students with different disabilities. Assistive technology has made it possible for educators to gather for learners with various disabilities. Assistive technology is defined as any item, software or equipment that has been customized to enhance the functional capability of learners with disabilities (Beard, Carpenter & Johnston, 2011 P. 5). Various technological equipments have been designed to provide support to learners with challenges. For example, learners with visual impairments can use text-to-speech programs. Text-to-speech programs do have the capability of scanning and reading printed text to create digitized speech (Beard, Carpenter & Johnston, 2011 P. 74). These programs promote independence because they can be used to download electronic learning resources. A teacher may not be required to read text for learners with visual impairments. For learners with partial visual impairment, text enlargement programs have been designed. The common characteristic of these assistive technology items is that they can be integrated with computers. This makes it easy to manipulate information to suit particular learners’ needs. Technology creates an opportunity for teachers to customize education especially with the use of digital texts to meet individual needs (Hall, Meyer, & Rose, 2012 P.11). Considering a case where a teacher is dealing with blind learners and he or she is teaching mathematics, an audible graphing calculator for example will be of great use. An audible graphing calculator is a program designed for visual impairments (Beard, Carpenter & Johnston, 2011 P. 81). It has both visual and verbal capabilities. Before using such programs, the teacher should provide computers to the learners. If learners are not knowledgeable about using such programs, pre-teaching will be necessary. Preparing learners to learn is one strategy that can be used by teachers to activate learners’ prior knowledge (Beard, Carpenter & Johnston, 2011 P. 82). Learners with visual impairments ought to be devoted more time. However this does not mean that the learner should be separated from others. Distance learning is a type of learning that occurs when the instructor and learner are at different geographical locations. The current shift towards modern technology has made distance learning possible. Assistive technology devices can be used in distance learning. One of the benefits of distance learning is that learning can take place irrespective of geographical location of the learner as long as he or she can have full access to interactive technology devices (Beard, Carpenter & Johnston, 2011 P. 174). Distance learning can counteract the problem of disability that can lead to the learner failing to attend classroom physically. However just like any ot
Rules, Regulations and Policies Iran government is undergoing a transition in its economic rule, regulations and policies like elimination of subsidies, less state control on the economy, increasing foreign direct investment, reducing inflation, expanding non-oil sectors and job creation. However, the five year plan to manage the economy has all failed. Since the change of the administration, there have been substantial shake ups in the economy of the state as a result of political stands of its leaders (Amezegar, 2006). The leader of the government made an impact through change in regulation of lending rate to below the inflation rate, while adjusting minimum wages to the annual increase in capital intensive projects over those in labor to ease the accessibility of credit top its citizen. However, the major culprit of unemployment was not addressed by the policy. Iranian policy bid to continue in its implementation of nuclear power programs has been greatly challenged by the international community, countries like the USA and countries friendly to the USA has imposed an economic sanctions on all the trade transactions with Iran (Hossein, 2009). A result many trade partners of Iran have broken ties with the Republic hence the exchange rate problem, since the US dollar is the most commonly used currency in international trade the depreciation of Iran currency has risen to an exchange rate of 10500 rial per US dollar. The trade embargo has created more harm than good in the country with exports going down and revenues are suffering and vital resources are drying up. Despite the ailing currency, the recent policy of the government, to announce the ending of the long standing subsidies on basic goods has also led to the rippling of the already struggling economy. For stability of the Iran economy in its implementation of its policy, it must show unprecedented resourcefulness and can rapidly reform its policies. (Bakhtiar, 2010) Political Factors International Security Iran has not yet fully recovered from the post war effects of the Historic Gulf war. The stand of Iran on the war, the United Nations and the US government imposed economic sanctions on Iran. Barry, 2010 noted “…the sanctions prohibited Iran from exporting petroleum products to the US and the European Union Countries.” This was a step to frustrate Iran’s participation in international trade to prompt Iran to withdraw its nuclear plan. Other EU countries also complied with the UN sanctions and introduced the sanctions against Iran. In the Middle East, Iran is among the most influential countries defining the world peace and security situation. The government’s constantly demonstrates its determination to defend its policies on nuclear war (Gheissari, 2009)). Iran competes with North Korea
Nursing homes have come a long way in providing quality long-term carefor the aged. Over the years, nursing association in the United States has expanded its licensing boundaries to accommodate various levels of education in nursing as well as accountability and responsibilities. Similarly, accreditation for nursing homes and (CCRC) Continuing Care Retirement Centers also came up to ensure that standards and regulations are upheld. Moreover, quality of service provide by CCRCshave improved since the introduction of accreditation programs. In essence, accreditations of these facilities have been influential in improving service delivery and care for the ill as well as disabled. In addition accreditation has enabled nurses to improve care giving to patients and the needy. In fact, supervisory role which lies with physicians has reduced with the introduction of accreditation programs. This paper will identify as well as discuss accreditation for skilled nursing facilities and continuing care retirement centers(Pacific Retirement Services, Inc., 2011, p. 1). Skilled nursing facilities have become increasingly important in modern times as the population ages. In fact, most families consider moving their aged loved ones into nursing homes. It is therefore important that they are placed in accredited facilities as this ensures their well being. These facilities meet the increasingly difficult needs of senior people in society as they receive attention from care providers all round the clock. In essence, nursing homes or skilled nursing facilities refer to homes that provide best care for the aged (outside the hospital). Basically, skilled nursing facilities provide custodial care. These include medical care, feeding, dressing and bathing, among others. In addition, the facilities provide services of other professionals like physical or occupational therapists, among others. This makes it a suitable place for the aged. Moreover, there are CCRCs, which specifically target the aged who live independently but require being attended to whenever necessary as they continue to grow older. These communities can sometimes be referred to as Lifecare centers since they entail long term care for the aged. For these service centers to function effectively, they must uphold certain standards as provided by regulators. Therefore they have to receive full accreditation for their services in order to offer them to the public(HELPGUIDE.ORG, 2010, p. 1). Nursing homes and CCRCs are required to meet certain standards that regard competency, credibility as well as quality assurance, among others. This can only be done through accreditation as it ensures that acceptable practices are offered. Nursing facilities are usually required to have trained nursing staffs in order to be accredited. This enables them to provide 24-hour nursing care form registered nurses. Similarly, CCRCs must also be accredited before they offer their services to public. The process of accreditation is usually complex as it involves upholding certain requirements. CC
Medical identity theft occurs in instances whereby someone forges personal information to obtain medical services without consent or prior knowledge of the rightful owner of the information. The medical records of the rightful party are altered numerously. Fictitious records are created in the victim’s existing information. It has been observed that the theft presents several risks to the victim. The victim is not able to alter the records at a later date in their favor due to the victim’s limited resources. It follows that the person who is not the true owner continues to gain from the false information. Identity thieves have disregarded attacks on financial accounts and their attention is shifting to cover cases of medical information. The thieves are rarely concerned about the medical ailments of the victims. The hardest part in medical identity theft is the fact that it is not easy to alter the records and return them to their normal status just like in financial accounts. Victims are subjected to payment of millions of money that they have not in actual sense used. The rates of medical theft are rising every day and it is not possible to record a change in the near future. There are many challenges associated with curbing medical identity theft. International, as well as local organizations are coming up with ways through which they can completely deal with the rise in cases of medical identity theft (Smith and Sulanowski 52). Medical identity theft is detrimental to the consumer since it is hard to sort out the information presented by both the genuine and the fake owner. The cost in the healthcare industry may, in many instances, be increased to alter the insurance maximums used. Healthcare services are becoming extremely costly due to medical identity theft. Policies to ensure that the culprits are identified and prosecuted have not, in many instances, been crafted. The legal prohibition of the theft is found in section 530 of the California Penal Code. The major ingredient, according to the section of the law mentioned, is that the name has been used for the furtherance of unlawful things. The victim is prone to many issues, which include being a prey to future identity crimes. Opening of credit accounts is very common in such circumstances. In some cases the thieves take up loans and enjoy medical services without paying for them. In advanced levels, they generate criminal records that are used to pursue new targets. Federal law offers protection to individuals and their medical files. The individual has a right to know the status of his or her medical files. The checking has the sole purpose of looking for errors and correcting them. The right extends to a level whereby one should call the doctor and make other communications with clinics, hospital and laboratories to make sure that their information is not used against them (Stickley 24). It has not been easy to get the said records bearing in mind that the providers sometimes restrict people from accessing the records. The provider’s reasoning upon refusal is
Introduction In this day and age, businesses need to carry out risk analyses in order to determine the market usability, security related and operational problems linked to their businesses. This is because the business environment is quite competitive and also because a lot can go wrong at any one time. Small businesses like Carpe Sputum should give this matter even more attention because in the event that one of the risks actually occurs then the business will be adversely affected. Risk identification Carpe Sputum has several sources that can be useful in risk identification. It has a permanent workforce of 18 staff members who have plenty of experience with the company so they can provide useful insights. Furthermore, the customers, vendors and suppliers within the company can also be very useful. On the other hand, because carrying out interviews with these individuals may prove to be a costly affair then it would probably be a good idea to rely on the operational functions of the company. Environmental analyses may also be done and market related assessments can also provide an insight into the risks inherent in this business. From an environmental examination, the first risk that stands out is the financial risks of the company’s capital investments. In order to provide the limbs and medical supplies, Carpe Sputum invested a lot of money into acquiring the capital. The company has risked a set amount of expenditure in production. In the future, the demand for the company’s products may dwindle and this could compromise its profitability because future sales will not been realized (Abkowitz, 2008). Ownership of the assets within this business is another risk in the event that the item stops yielding as much return as was expected. It is not known whether this company owns its assets or has leased them. In case of the former, then the organization should be aware of the repercussions of its actions. Acquiring assets without owning them is always riskier than fully owning them because retrieval cannot occur. Since the organization is selling most of its products well then chances are some form of marketing has been done. The organization was rather small so it relied on the efforts of its salesmen. It is not known whether these salesmen are paid on commission but if they are not then their efforts may not generate the return expected. This represents a risk to the company which must pay a fixed amount in salary and health insurance for them even if they do not deliver as much as anticipated. The human resources can also repres
The term macroeconomics is mostly confused with microeconomics and so there is need to first put up a clear distinction of the two. The online Business dictionary site, by the Walden University, defines macroeconomics as the “Study of the behavior of the whole (aggregate) economies or economic systems instead of the behavior of individuals, individual firms, or markets (which is the domain of Microeconomics)” (Vienneau 612). This definition puts someone’s mind into an understanding since there is always a difference and yet a very close relationship which may raise confusion when handling the two subjects; macro-economic and micro-economics. Dornbusch and Fischer, in the book ‘Macroeconomics’, introduces macroeconomics as a subject that “is concerned with the behavior of the economy as a whole – with booms and recessions, the economy’s total output of goods and services and the growth of output, the rate of inflation and unemployment, the balance of payments, the exchange rates” (5). Dornbusch and Fischer also adds that, it “..deals with the increase in output and employment over periods of time which is the economic growth and with the short-run fluctuations that constitute the business cycle” (5). Dealing with the economies and the trends in which they have been taking since times in memorial until now when technology growth is so dynamic that being left behind is almost inevitable, Journal articles are thriving in the market. ‘Business Day’ for example is a journal that is published in America in New York City Times in English. It is a well known newspaper and circulates most in America with updates on the daily economic occurrences, successes and failures, including the new technology in the market. Purchasing is done by online subscriptions and is also available in paper formats. One question that one would easily ask when confronted with this kind of a question would be; that is it the only paper in America? And why is it the most marketable paper in the New York City? What are the market strategies used to make it more marketable and most selling paper than the rest? The answers to these questions will be the major concentrations of this subject macroeconomics since it handles the trends in economic developments, fluctuations, and the prospective future of the economy. The article is selling at a highly in America meaning that the demand and supply almost rank at per or sometimes goes beyond the normal where the available articles in paper formats for examp
Style My leadership style can be described as that of a reformist who is charismatic as well as one who employs visionary approach to operations. I am also a passionate-innovative and a visionary type of a leader. I instinctively make efforts to level the playing field of the persons that I lead. I also try to develop the team I am working with so that they can be able to drive operations in their different activities. To some extent, I involve others in the process of decision-making. I tend to be democratic when approaching issues. I am a transformational leader who applies strategy when approaching most dealings in the area of work in which I participate. One of my weak points as a leader is that I score poorly in employing emotional intelligence in my style of leadership. Most of the times, I lack the soft skills that are required to read people’s mind and make meaning out of the situations. Since I am motivated to follow institutionalism, I may seem or be judged that I lack empathy when dealing with other people. I demonstrate some level of empathetic listening. Such a style of leadership predisposes me to a number of risks on execution of operations. One of the greatest challenges that I face is that of taking too long to conclude issues as I seek to accommodate other people’s views. With this, I ran the risk of getting things completed late despite the urge to ensure that institutionalism is maintained. There is a danger of being sidetracked when trying to accommodate other people. Principles One of the principles underlying my style of leadership is the drive to understand the cause of things. I endeavor to explain situations as they occur based on facts rather than the emotions that I am feeling. I work to preserve the integrity of all the processes which I pursue. I strive to seek justice and fairness in all situations whenever the methods that I rely on seem to fail. My style of leadership is also informed by the desire to ensure that institutionalism prevails at all times. Another principle that drives my style of leadership is that of striving to ensure that my future visions are shared by the persons who are around me. Having the people around me sharing my vision is key as it guarantees a higher chance of achievement. Foundational skills The foundational skills that underline my leadership style include good judgment and level-headedness. I can separate my emotions from the situations that occur when dealing with others. The ability to