ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The issue of nurse staffing is high on the agenda for the state of New Jersey as the recent changes in the delivery of care have led to greater levels of acuity compared to previous decades. Inadequate nurse staffing practices accompanied by poor monitoring practices put at risk the delivery of healthcare services as well as the ultimate patient outcomes. Due to the links between adequate staffing and improved rates of mortality and care quality, ensuring that there are enough nurses at facilities is imperative. The regulation of staffing at healthcare facilities by the government has been one of the solutions implemented for ensuring that patients do not experience adverse health consequences due to poor management. In New Jersey, “An Act concerning nursing staffing standards in inpatient health care facilities and certain State facilities and supplementing Titles 26 and 30 of the Revised Statutes” was introduced (New Jersey Legislature, 2018). In this paper, the overview of this public health policy will be presented with support from evidence-based research publications as well as current events news articles. Exploration of Evidence The problem of nurse understaffing at healthcare facilities has been explored in numerous studies. The main purpose of most of such studies is to identify the links between the levels of staffing, patient outcomes, and the satisfaction of healthcare staff. According to Hairr, Salisbury, Johannson, and Redfern-Vance (2014), there is a moderately “strong, inverse relationship between job satisfaction and nurse retention” (p. 142). Also, the scholars identified a weak positive correlation between the levels of job satisfaction and the staffing of nursing professionals. Based on their correlational study, Hairr et al. (2014) also determined that nurses reported dissatisfaction with their jobs in the past six months of their practice, which is a finding that is especially relevant in the context of New Jersey’s policy. The conclusions that the authors made all point to the extreme need to improve the workload of nurses through efficient staffing management to subsequently boost their satisfaction and ensure retention. As mentioned in the Act, documenting and forecasting the levels of staffing as well as adjusting personnel requirements to patients’ needs is imperative. However, Hairr et al. (2014) suggested that for staffing levels to improve and nurse satisfaction to increase, it is recommended to also cater to what healthcare staff needs. According to the article of the recent event by Vince Calio (2018), the passing of the legislation in New Jersey was pressed by the poor nurse outcomes and dangerous conditions to patients. This suggests that without the implementation of appropriate measures to address poor staffing, the well-being of individuals receiving care at healthcare f
Introduction At first glance, it would appear that Kenya and Brazil are very different. Kenya has much less land mass than Brazil. However, much of Brazil’s land mass is not arable land. Both countries have a large population sector, which lives in abject poverty. Environmental degradation is a major problem in both of these countries, caused by deforestation, population increase and industrialization with all their attendant pressures upon the environment. While the land type is very different, the results are the same. The two countries have similar problems stemming from similar causes. The problem in Kenya is much worse than that in Brazil, because poor governance has allowed Kenya’s problem to approach the point of no return. Politically, these two countries are both democratic republics. However, Kenya has carried the weight of the same corrupt government for the past 20 years. This paper will compare and contrast these two countries and their particular environmental problems and conflicts arising therefrom. Will also examine possible resolutions. Kenya’s Situation Wangari Muta Maathai accepted the Nobel Peace Prize Friday in Oslo of the key people. Maathai was born in Nyeri, Kenya in 1940. She began by planting a few backyard trees, and by the 1990s this had grown into the Green Belt Movement, movement which focused on environmental conservation and the sustainable development of communities. At this date more than 20 million trees have been planted by women on their farms in schools and churches. This movement has been exported to almost a dozen other sub-Saharan African countries, and the United Nations and governments of several European countries as well, have contributed more than $5 million annually to push this movement forward. In her acceptance speech for the peace prize, Maathai commented that over the years she has learned that the state of any country’s environment is merely a reflection of the kind of governance in place in that country. Poor environmental laws and conflict seem to go hand in hand in these cases. Kenya recently unseated President Daniel Arap Moi, during whose 20-year reign corruption was rife, and replaced him with Mwai Kibaki, an economist with a spotless reputation. During the last 20 years, Maathai had been detained, interrogated, arrested and beaten in an effort to discredit anyone associated with the country’s pro-democracy movement. His population of 35 million amounts to 54 people for every square kilometer of land. With this kind of population pressure, much of the original land is no longer in its native state. Kenya has a coastline equal to approximately 1/8 of its total border. This fragile ecosystem is being decimated by rice farming, salt pans, aquaculture, and urbanization. Mangrove trees are dying out and water is being polluted by pesticide runoffs, and urban and industrial waste. Slash and burn techniques were start Kit for farming more than a hundred years ago, and by this time. have decimated virgin forest. Loading for fuel and construction has been responsible
Business owners belonging to capacity-constrained service organizations are faced with the challenges of fluctuations in demand. They are aware of the fact that fluctuations of this nature threaten the firm’s profitability. There are concerns that using yield management pricing only favors the company. However, an overview of yield management pricing and combining it with principles of service inventory can easily put these fears to rest. Therefore, capacity-constrained organizations can lay claim to being customer centric provided that business owners and corporate leaders are willing to invest in order to combine the benefits of yield management pricing and service inventory. Yield Management Pricing in a Nutshell Business strategies crafted through a yield management pricing framework have been successfully applied to the airline, car rental, and hotel industries (Rouse, 2010). Yield management pricing is a business concept that allows business owners to increase revenue from a business model that is hampered by a relatively fixed capacity (Berman, 2005). For example, the main constraint in the hotel industry is the finite number of rooms available for guests. During peak seasons, a significant number of travelers may descend on a particular area. It is possible that on this particular time of the year, hotels in the area are unable to accommodate those who are willing to pay even the most expensive rates. Thus, the hotels in the area are able to enjoy healthy profit margins. However, the profit gained during peak seasons are easily canceled out by the low number of guests during lean seasons. The application of yield management pricing assures business owners of a steady increase in revenue, by creating opportunities in attracting new customers. It is possible to accomplish this goal by constantly updating the hotel or the airline’s price levels through the evaluation of reservations made by customers. The information gleaned from this process is cross-referenced to future purchases in a specific time slot “against a projection of demand for each time slot” (Berman, 2005, p.169). As a result, business owners are able to “adjust prices to fill all available capacities” (Berman, 2005, p.170). The key factor here is the price of the product or service offered to the general public. Revenue tends to increase when businesses are able to attract new customers. The best way to accomplish this goal is to lower the prices of goods and services. Therefore, those who are unable to afford the product or the services that were offered during peak seasons are given the chance to sample the product at a reduced price. The only condition given is that these new customers must acquire the same service during off-peak months. It must be made clear that repeat customers are also viable sources of additional revenue. The reduction in the price of the goods offered means that loyal customer are now able to enjoy the product during different seasons in a year. Service Dominant Logic The applicatio
Introduction Counseling is a client-oriented practice that aims at solving patients’ problems or helping them live positively with the problems. For a beginner in this profession, several concerns may surface before a counselor gets the flow of things. While taking part in a self-inventory about the concerns of novices in counseling, I found it difficult to respond to some of the questions. This paper looks at some of these concerns and how they can be handled. Involuntary Clients My first difficulty is on involuntary clients. It is hard dealing with unmotivated clients and conducting therapy if they do not cooperate. Some clients come to therapy uncertain of what to say and can take a long time to choose words that precisely describe the way they feel or the predicament they face. Such hesitant behavior puts the counselor in an awkward situation not knowing how to proceed. To handle such a situation, the counselor must be patient with the client. The counselor can sit quietly and simply be present (Corey, 2013). Some of these involuntary clients have been coerced (by family of legal agencies) to take part in therapy against their will. In most cases, they withdraw physically or emotionally from therapy. An unwilling client who cannot pull out from counseling (physically) can retreat emotionally. Such a client lacks motivation to agree to suggestions made by the counselor. Imposing a counselor’s ideals upon the client is a sign of judgment and is disrespectful. Over-Identifying with Certain Clients My second concern is over-identifying with some of the clients’ problems. Empathy is a valuable characteristic of good counseling, which makes it possible for the counselor to understand the predicaments, experiences, beliefs, and feelings of the client (Corey, 2013). Connecting with the client positively persuades the client to open up. Most counselors often use their personal experiences to express empathy and understanding towards the client. However, getting involved emotionally in clients’ lives blurs counselors’ professionalism and hinders their ability to work objectively. Working with clients may offer many personal challenges. However, it presents a good opportunity for the counselors to gauge their own strengths and weaknesses as they connect to other people. It is common for counselors to experience a feeling of familiarity as they relate to the patient. Nevertheless, counselors must stay emotionally removed from clients all the time. Giving Too Much Advice Though much talking can be useful in later counseling sessions, the client should be allowed to do most of the talking in the initial sessions (Corey, 2013). The counselor’s goal is to comprehend, listen and empathize with the client so as to create a cooperative and trusting bond that is suitable for therapy. Counselors ought to refrain from diagnosing the patient. The counselor should not translate the events of the client’s life and of those around the client. If the client is not prepared for this, it may make him feel that the session is about confronting him with issues he is not prepared to face. Too much advice can be a demonstration of disrespect where the counsel
The Philosophical Revolution of the 17 th century has a close link with the Scientific Revolution. It provided the foundation for the latter by stimulating it in different ways. The two were therefore intimately tied together such that the Scientific Revolution could not be described without making reference to the Philosophical Revolution. “Although philosophy was influenced by both religion and science during the classical era, it defined the world view of the literate culture.” (Tarnas 273).However, this role became a reserve of religion with the arrival of the medieval period while philosophy took a lesser role in linking faith to reason. The advent of the modern era marked a turning point where philosophy remarkably shifted its allegiance from religion to science. Two philosophers namely Francis Bacon and Descartes were instrumental in shaping and fostering the Scientific Revolution during the Philosophical Revolution of the 17 th century. In the seventeenth century, Francis Bacon pioneered the birth of a new era in natural science. He claimed that man required material redemption that was supposed to accompany his spiritual progress towards the Christian millenium, something that was to be done through natural science. Since the global explorers had discovered a new world, Bacon believed that it was important to discover a corresponding new mental world in which verbal confusions, subjective distortions, traditional prejudices and old thinking patterns were replaced by new methods of acquiring knowledge. He argued that for science to succeed there was need to replace verbiage and preconceptions with direct attention to things and their observed orderings. The true order of nature could only be discovered after the mind had been purified of all internal obstacles that emanated from the fictitious forms of traditional philosophers. Bacon fostered the Scientific Revolution by expressing the spirit of Reformation and Ockham. This was inspired by his belief that recognition of the difference between God and his creation and his mind and that of man was the only way through which man could succeed in science. He elaborated the distinction between science and theology by pointing out that each realm was governed by unique laws and methods. He therefore advocated for the separation of science and theology since theology belonged to the realm of faith while science belonged to the realm of nature. He promoted the Scientific Revolution to a great extent since he believed that experiments were instrumental in correcting the evidence of the senses and revealing truths obscured by nature. “Through the astute use of experiments, the evidence of the senses could be progressively corrected and enhanced to reveal the truths hidden in nature.’’(Tarnas 275). The other philosopher who made remarkable contribution in the Scientific Revolution during the seventeenth century philosophical revo
Introduction J.L. Austin, a language philosopher redefines the traditions involved in linguistics as a formal way of communication that fulfils different actions. He extensively discusses the performative utterances compared with other forms of utterances like the constative utterances. The application of performative statements leads to many failures especially in marriage, constitution, baptism, or during betting activities where it is common. However, redefinition of existing rules can make the performative utterances fit as conscious statements and actions thus making it true. On the other hand, constative utterances as a way of communication can cause one to judge an action as true or false. Definition and distinction of performative and constative utterances Performative utterances are those sentences or expressions, which are neither true nor false but rather have effects of felicitousness. This happens because there is assumption that the expression of an action is in form of words that are in explicit manner. Unfortunately, one can decide to utter the words or say a statement without conscience hence not fulfilling the promise of purported act. When this happens, the result is unhappiness, which heralds failure. The phenomenon of performative action comes into play during circumstances like when making marriage vows, when writing a will, naming of babies during baptism or in a betting game. Austin asserts that the purported action may be socially acceptable as true or false hence describing perfomative action as senseless. For instance, in American law evidence, an account made by another person automatically becomes a testimony and not hearsay (Austin 79). On the contrary, constative statement has a clear difference between the false and the true; hence, one can make a judgment from them. On the other hand, the performative statement can be wrong in three different ways as opposed to the constative statement. For instance, the perfomative statement may be invalid if a person who is unauthorized by law performs it. Secondly, the performative utterance may be unacceptable if the persons involved do not intend to fulfill the action. Thirdly, perfomative utterance may be performed without bearing in mind the commitments involved hence being null (Austin 80). These features distinguish perfomative and constative statements. An example of Performative utterance using the 3-i model In the context of marriage as a social institution, the performative statement said to fulfill the action is “I do”, which fulfills the action of marrying (Austin 79). Analysis of th
The early nineteenth century was a time that was as significant for the south as it was for the north. As more southerners chose to step into the southwest and explore their prospects, the trade in the south began to grow just as steadily and the steadily developing trade served to position the south quite strongly in the US economy. However, as effective and advantageous as this development may have been for the south, it was still not as strong as that experienced by the north around the same time. However, this phase of development had not been one that had either triggered unexpectedly or began out of the blue. In fact, the development process had begun to take root as early as 1800 when the plantation systems became the talk of the town and slave labor was still used. It was a time when the south began growing steadily. However, there was a certain element that was not present in this growth. There was no development of technology and no development of sophisticated techniques that showed the promise of long-term growth and development for the south. “This second middle passage as the historian Ira Berlin has called it was a traumatic experience for perhaps a million dislocated African Americans”. (Brinkley 282) If the south was to be divided into the upper south and the lower south, one could not help but notice that there was a certain shift of power in terms of the economical strength that the south held. This shift was basically caused by the eventual deterioration of the tobacco industry. The tobacco industry had been fueling the south for quite some time now but the industry had begun to dwindle as more producers chose to switch to cotton production. This trend was based upon a desire to grow a crop that could be more stable in the long run and could be relied upon to provide the producers a higher degree of profit at the same time. The focus began to shift from tobacco production to the production of sugar, rice, and cotton. This can be seen as a well-justified measure since the demand for cotton was also recorded to grow around the very same time. “Much of the upper south continued to rely on the cultivation of tobacco”. (Brinkley 280) This was observed as the cause for the decrease in the slave population of the south as well. This was so because of the fact that because of one reason or another, the slaves began to move to the cotton-producing parts of the south, and slave selling became one of the most active trade activities in the areas where the dominance of the agriculture sector was observed to be steadily decreasing. “But this southern failure was also in part the result of a set of distinctive to the south”. (Brinkley 284) The essence of this transition remained in the fact that the south was sliding into a position where it was now relying increasingly on the north and the fact that canals, roads, and other modes of transportation were in a treacherous condition did not help to help the south develop. Another area that was developing rapidly around the same time was that of textile. The south was undergoing considerable improvements in terms of the textile as well. A question that may arise in this regard is the
Abstract Middle school students should be appropriately tested and examined to identify the future career choices. The tiered approach is beneficial for the educational process as it allows students to distinguish their skills and abilities. It should be stressed that teachers should provide the necessary information concerning the issue of job choosing, namely self-awareness, goal setting, decision-making, workplace skills, exploring skills, and the understanding of the workplace. The exercises, tests, and projects should be appropriate for the students of the middle school. For the students to develop abilities and skills needed for the future profession they have to be carefully tested as it will impact their future life and working career. Middle School Children usually have different level of cognitive and physical development that need to be taken into account while arranging the learning process. The great majority of teachers find it challenging to work with the middle school students as they have a lot of energy, and it should be directed to the learning process. The modern system of education aims to achieve the highest results by showing that the methods that are used in class should serve the major needs of the student and be appropriate to their learning skills and abilities. Three-Tiered Approach The system allows distinguishing students who are at some or high risk. The students at tier two and tier three should catch up with the tier one. To improve working abilities of the students belonging to tier two and three individual consultations, tests, and working in the small groups should be implemented into education (Farkas et al., 2011, p. 276). All the career chances can be also divided into three stages (every stage matches the appropriate tier). The tiered one students should be orientated into more difficult career opportunities, whereas the students who lack skills and abilities should be directed into those careers that will match their preferences and skills (Wardwell, 2013, p. 158). Self-Awareness The school counselors are responsible for the applying of the Response to Intervention approach to the educational process ( School Counseling Curriculum , 2011). The middle school is viewed as the significant time when students should identify their goals in life and be aware of job opportunities. The members of the educational process should take into account three-tiered approach while preparing career counseling curriculum. The student of the middle school should understand his role in the communication with the community. The development of the human’s personality is the dynamic process that never stops; consequently it is important to direct student’s energy into the needed direction. Students need to be attentively tested through experiments and observation to distinguish and improve personal preferences, skills, abilities, and talents (Akos,