ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Fish Bone Analysis The fish bone analysis is a cause and effects analysis technique that aims to solve a problem by getting to the root rather than curing the symptoms. As the name suggests, the technique can be visually represented in the form of a fish skeleton. Kaoru Ishikawa is considered the originator of the technique. Fishbone diagram promotes the achievement of quality in an organization by providing a framework through which members of the organization can brainstorm as a team and come up with a solution to a problem (Brennan 6). The diagram has the following four characteristics; Visual semblance to a fish, preoccupied with the root of a problem rather than symptoms, encourages discussions to arrive at a solution and stimulates open discourses and debates. When to use it The fishbone diagram is used wherever a problem occurs within an organization. Such a problem may arise due to dissatisfaction of customers emanating from low quality or poor customer service. Whatever the problem is, the first step is usually to define it so that it becomes clear for all members of the team. This stage aims to get a consensus on the problem so that clarity is enhanced (Craig 16). For instance, a company may face persistent complaints about how it responds to customers’ questions. The first step would therefore be to specify the problem so that efforts to solve it are focused. The problem becomes the head of the fish. How it is used After the problem has been identified in specific terms, the next step is to discuss what has caused it. The potential problems are usually corroborated by research done in the past, empirical data, and other relevant metrics (Fryman 12). After brainstorming, what are considered to be the major causes of the problem are connected to the backbone. For the example listed above, failure to respond to customers’ queries may be a lapse in the production or service department. Through further brainstorming, other causes of the problems are identified and joined to the bone that relates to them. Flexibility at this stage is very important so that members are not constricted to the confines of the fishbone skeleton (Fryman 13). For each cause of the problem, members of the team interrogate why it occurred. This is what will constitute the sub-bone of the main bones. At this level of discussion, the 5ws are employed to probe a problem deeper. The next step is to analyze the results that have been obtained through the brainstorming session. During this stage, the consensus is very important in establishing the frequency with which the causes have been mentioned in discussions (Craig 17). After causes have been analyzed, the next rational stage is to come up with an action plan to address the cause of the problems. Additionally, responsibilities are shared out at this stage. Pros and cons Fishbone diagrams are advantageous in problem-solving within organizations. They are effective because they provide an opportunity to solve a problem in totality by addressin
“The Olympic Games in Antiquity reflect ancient Greek culture” (FHW, 2008). The legend that shrouds it holds a little reference to its foundation date, which remains to be elusive. However, it is presumed that the Olympics began somewhere around 776 B.C. It was “a major religious festival honoring Zeus, the chief Greek god” (Gregory R. Chrane, 2008). This essay is an attempt to relate the wonder that was the ancient Greek Olympics. In the process, it also tries to relocate the coming together of classical civilization around this singular event. Ancient Greeks held strict moral and ethical codes while conducting the Olympics because it was not just a competition for them; it was a glorification of the true ideals, valor, and gallantry of an athlete. As Herodotus showed in his Histories, “it is not for money they contend but for glory of achievement!” (Gregory R. Chrane, 2008). “…the Olympic Games…aimed from the beginning at friendship, harmony, and peace among the Greeks.” (Raschke, 1988). The athletes participated in the ancient Olympics as an individual but later this idea of individualism waned away and acquired nationalist character. Modern Olympics in consonance with ancient strictures glorify valor and excellence in performance; they also hero-worship the winners and try to foster brethren-hood amongst all who participate in the event. Olympics was the temple of the sculptors and other cultural men. They wrote poems, dramas, and sculpted the athletes who came to participate in the event. This gave much impetus to the realism of the Hellenic art form. This celebration of culture is one such feature that is lacking in modern-day Olympics. The ethics and codes of the Olympics have undergone several changes over the years. The changes brought into it were spontaneous and have to be contextualized. They can in no sense be stigmatized because they we
Introduction Different types of music have different histories of development. For jazz music there are a number of factors which contributed to its development. This paper will evaluate the role that radio played in the development of jazz music. In showing the role played by the radio a special reference will be given to the success achieved by Benny Goodman Orchestra. Background Information Overview To best bring out the role that the radio played in developing jazz music there is a need to examine the circumstances surrounding the golden age for the radio. Early development of jazz was started around the 1920s to late 1930s. It is worth noting that this was a time when North America was struck by the great depression. During this time there were no work and money making it hard for the jazz bands to continue operating as they used to. People could no longer afford to watch live jazz bands. It was at this time that the radio took over to popularize jazz music and ended up exposing it to the public eye more than before. 1 How jazz music started Jazz music is reported to have started its development in New Orleans in the early 1900s. It is further reported that steam boats were used to further the music as musicians performed on boats to entertain people. In the 1920s jazz music started to move in the direction of forming big bands. The likes of Benny Goodman, John Kirby, and Benny Carter among others were part of these bands. In the 1920s these bands obtained their revenue from hotel and ballroom dance crowds. As the band size grew there was more arrangement within the bands which led to the formation of a style referred to as swing. The band arrangement and structure made bands more popular. In 1926 the Savoy Ballroom which was located in Harlem became a hotbed after opening its doors in 1926. For the bands to continue performing there was a need for revenue to sustain the ballroom and hotel d
Introduction From time to time, various companies have experienced thriving demands for their products in the market, while at the same time failed to register impressive results in terms of profit. Similarly, numerous businesses have as well failed to achieve the anticipated impression on new projects, despite registering good sales of their products. Glee plc is not an exception and after carrying out a review of the company, I realized that though the board of directors understands the different sources of funding for the company, they do not appear to value the importance of having a balanced capital structure, in their effort towards attaining capital at low cost. In addition, Glee plc does not seem to have a structured way of evaluating investment opportunities. This report will therefore attempt to ident
People always care about their privacy. They write love postcards, discuss various themes through phones and e-mail, plan their lives, criticize some things and some people, and truly believe that their ideas and their thoughts cannot be eavesdropped by someone. Adams, Bocher, and Gordon say that in the United States, privacy protection is a somewhat that is based on different laws and policies at the federal and state levels. Privacy law is the law that forms the basis for privacy protection. It is difficult to interpret, and should be considered from different perspectives [1]. With the help of modern technologies (new communicational devices), people’s messages fly over the world with unbelievable speed. Of course, such message transformation should be lead by somebody or something. Can it be possible that each of these messages is checked by a certain security agency? If it is true, the question of person’s privacy should be raised and discussed as quickly as possible. However, if the organizations like NSA (National Security Agency) and FCC (Federal Communications Commission) have such an access to any information spreading through the Internet and phones, why could they not prevent the hijackers of September 11? So, do these organizations have the right to have the access to the information spreading through the Internet and other telecommunication devices? As a member of the Federal Communication Commission, I would like to discuss what ethical issues are needed to be considered in order to control the activities of NSA and FCC by the government. To present a clear and comprehensible suggestion as for network regulations, it is necessary to take into account certain ethical theories and public opinion. First, it is necessary to mention basics of ethical theories in order to check what actions of the government will be ethically correct towards people, and what actions should be evaluated once again. Ethical theories are usually based on such ethical principles as respect for autonomy, justice, beneficence, and least harm. Any ethical theory underlines certain aspects of ethical dilemmas in order to present the most appropriate resolution. In the case of network regulations, it is better to concentrate on two ethical theories: the deontological theory and the rights theory. The deontological theory underlines that each person should follow his/her obligat
Thesis statement and introduction The rise of the gray market is a major crisis affecting almost every legally registered and distributed commodity. For instance, in North America gray markets exceed ten billion US dollars annually. The growth rate of this market is about 23% annually, and it is projected to shoot as the exportation of goods and services is increasing tremendously each year, having a profound effect on the global trade patterns (Cliquet, 2013). This paper looks into the factors that promote grey market development, as well as the stakeholders involved in the proce
Introduction In management activity, it is not uncommon to face the choices that influence the ethical nature of the organization and its employees. According to Yawar and Seuring (2015), “the management of social issues includes decisions that prevent a firm from taking up unethical practices and indulging in socially unacceptable practices” (p. 624). Choices like these, despite their encompassing influence, should be made by the person in charge to avoid negative consequences, especially if they require immediate attention. On the other hand, it does not mean that employees have no way of contributing to the decision-making process. The paper is going to explore a scenario where the manager is faced with a crucial choice. As already mentioned previously, the research will point out the necessity of employees’ contribution to the decision itself, the ways of making it possible, and the manager’s responsibility about them. Contemporary business researchers bring up several new trends into the study which come in handy, given the chosen scenario. These trends include the concepts of moral intelligence and ethical leadership, and it is essential to use them in research due to the ethical nature of the problem. They are also necessary for explaining the value of employees’ involvement in resolving the issue. Afterward, the study will shift to the practical implementation of said concepts, as well as the specific measures that can be taken while dealing with the issue. In the end, one should make a conclusion both theoretical and practical aspects of employees’ cooperation in ethical questions. Morality and Leadership as the Keys to Solution First of all, one should contemplate the general guidelines for the problem-solving in management, which aree based on the cooperation with workers. The most relevant concepts, which can be applied during the research, seem to be the terms of moral intelligence and ethical leadership. These concepts are among modern business trending that concentrates on the employees’ well-being. Since the essence of the problem lies within the field of moral consequences for the organization, it is not wise to avoid these trends. They appear especially valuable because of the theoretical background they are able to build up, which, in turn, offers ways of resolving the problem. First and foremost, the research is going to refer to the moral intelligence idea as one of the helpful tools. Although the exact definition can be considered rather broad, the general sense behind the concept is following – a performer should take up intelligence actions that are based on the central human values. Researchers note that “One interpretation of this definition, it is ethics as a priority, which means that people have a natural tendency to operate with integrity, responsibility, compassion and forgiveness are” (Pahlavania and Azizmalayeri, 2016, p. 32). This statement p
Traditional journalists refer to those professionals who have training and knowledge in journalism to carry out specific duties. Citizen journalists do not have professional training in this sphere but write stories on new media issues (Pearce, 2020). Traditional journalists are characterized by observing media ethics and legal consideration concerns, while citizen journalists lack training and orientation on media ethics, norms, and legal requirements. While traditional journalists focus on the outside looking in, citizen journalists are for the inside looking out. Citizen journalists allow society to report and express their issues, while traditional journalists play the role of informing, educating, and holding people and authorities accountable (Fisher, 2018). Another differene is that they do not maintain the same standards regarding newsgathering techniques and credibility. This is because traditional journalists have acquired training and basic knowledge of journalism, while citizen journalists lack training and knowledge of professional journalism. Citizen journalism has changed the news industry in various ways over the last decade. It has given rise to independent online journalism due to the expansion and availability of media outputs with market and technology advancements. Blogging is the modern generation of citizen journalists, with more than 12 million American adults writing their blogs and more than 60-million-WordPress sites worldwide (Hanusch, 2017). They challenge the mainstream news media by opening a huge opportunity to access news and information, especially in countries where mainstream media is restricted. Citizen journalists play a significant role in highlighting and correcting perceived system biases created by mainstream media. They inform society by expressing their stories, while traditional print journalists focus on maintaining objectivity and checking on a government official.
Introduction There is a wide range of diseases that are easy to be distinguished from other pathological conditions due to the presence of obvious symptoms. Unfortunately, it often happens that the possible causes of such diseases are numerous, which makes it more difficult to create a comprehensive treatment and prevention plan. According to the case that we are supposed to comment on, the patient has been diagnosed with low back pain even though no specific injuries that could be the key cause of the condition were found. The effective acute care of the person requires the use of a plan that would include recommendations for healthcare specialists and the patient helping to reduce the manifestation of the acute pain and prevent future injuries. Emergency human help Low back pain belongs to the number of disorders that are characterized by the presence of episodes of acute pain in the lumbar region. Due to the presence of common symptoms, it can sometimes be mistaken for radiculitis. The comprehensive teaching plan that is expected to have a positive impact on patient outcomes would focus on a few teaching points. To begin with, both nursing specialists and the patient himself are required to pay focused attention to the use of proper furniture as fixation is effective for pain management (Nejishima et al., 2015). Considering that low back pain can be caused by the imperceptible vertebra dislocation, the flexibility of patients’ futon mattresses acts as a detrimental factor. Patients who report a strong low back pain should sleep on beds that support the back – a mattress should be firm to avoid stronger pain. The right organization of a place for sleeping is especially important during pain attacks. Another teaching point that has to be included in the plan is related to the use of medicinal drugs and vitamins to reduce pain and improve the general state of health. Several pain medications can be used to reduce the sufferings of people with low back pain; for instance, they include the use of antibiotics, spasmolytic drugs, and NSAIDS (Albert, Sorensen, Christensen, & Manniche, 2013). The use of injections presents a more appropriate alternative in case of the episodes of acute pain. Nevertheless, the patients’ reactions to the particular drug will have to be checked. Another teaching point that needs to be considered for successful acute care related to the use of spine stimulation and other ways to get rid of the low back pain. During pain attacks that the patient experiences, it will be necessary to prevent the patient from moving and provide a safe pain-relieving medication as soon as possible. Only when patients
Introduction The significance of autobiographical memory cannot possibly be overrated (Bauer, 2014). It serves as a powerful tool for boosting the process of acquiring knowledge and skills. However, the explicit knowledge of this phenomenon is yet to be studied. In their research, Wang, Koh, Song, and Hou (2014) explore the levels of awareness of autobiographical memory among European and Asian American adults and children. Article Summary The study shows that the use of memory in everyday situations hinges on cultural context. To be more specific, Western cultures tend to focus on the concept of self as the basis for building autobiographical memory. Therefore, the authors assume that a metacognitive approach to the process of memorizing and recalling can be adopted when helping European and Asian American students learn more efficiently and use all available resources. Although the concept of memory—including its nature, its essential processes, the way that information is memorized, retained, and sorted into the long- or short-term memory, etc.—needs further exploration, indications suggest that cultural differences affect the way people use memory to recall and memorize information. For example, using autobiographical memory as a means of building relationships is typically viewed as a priority in Western cultures. The Asian perspective on the use of memory, however, suggests that a much greater emphasis should be placed on using memory as a learning resource so that it can be expanded with the help of consistent training and the analysis of their ancestors’ experiences. Therefore, while Western cultures glorify the concept of forwarding thinking, Asian ones focus on exploring opportunities for an in-depth assessment of specific experiences. As a result, the functions of memory that are associated with the management of emotions are valued less by members of Asian cultures since the latter tend to consider negative events as inescapable and, therefore, are more accepting of them. Furthermore, the concept of autobiographical memory itself seems to vary greatly based on culture. A significant difference also can be seen in the ways autobiographical memory is used in Western and Asian cultures. For example, in the former, the emotional development of a child is the focus of the memory training process. Thus, the social function of autobiographical memory is used extensively so that a child can develop effective mechanisms for regulating emotion. In Asian cultures, however, the significance of building a family hierarchy with the help of autobiographical memory is stressed. Thus, the goals of the study primarily concern how children perceive the concept of memory and its functions. The research was carried out among young adults of European American and Asian American descent. The authors of the re
The American civil war, which stated in 1862 and ended in1865, is one of the bloodiest civil wars waged on this earth (Porter, 1976). There were many issues at play leading to the war but slavery was the key concern. The war happened because of economical, political and cultural differences between the Northern states and the Southern states. The two regions had different economical foundations i.e. the north was industrialized and the southern states were dominantly agrarian. The strife, which resulted to the war, emanated from various political, economic and social issues, which informed the decisions by leaders from these regions. This essay will evaluate in details what exactly caused the terrible war and its aftermath. Fellman et al (2002), point at slavery as the main reason that provoked strife between the two regions. In the late 1970s to 1860s, slavery was the norm in most of the Southern states. Slaves supplied adequate labor that helped flourish the cotton industry. White-Americans perceived the African-Americans (slaves) as mere objects; this mistaken perception led to African Americans being exploited and mistreated (Porter, 1976). On the other hand, the industrialized northern states believed slavery was incorrect and that the African-Americans, like any other human being, are entitled to dignity and respect. The conflict between the two regions kindled tension, which later turned out to be the worst war fought on American soil. Apart from slavery, economic differences and thus different economic aspirations between the south and the north led to the emergency of sectionalism. The impacts of sectionalism were deeply rooted and widely spread. This kind of problem became more apparent in 1787 through debate on a new constitution (Catton, 2004). The southerners felt that the economically stable Northern states were prejudiced against the southern states given racism was prevalent in the northern states as well. Majority of the Northern states allowed for discrimination against the blacks; actually, only four northern states allowed blacks to vote. Negroes, as black Americans were called in the north