ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This study examines the effects of rapid changes in information technology in decision-making. The rapid changes in technology have led to changes the way managers make decisions. Managers tend to change their policies and decision-making processes depending on the most current technology. However, the rapid changes in technology are extremely to the extent that managerial decision making has been affected severely. This study will be conducted to see how managers have adapted to rapid changes in information technology. Background Adoption of Information technology support decisions making process at different levels of the organizational. Managers make structured decisions (Ayadi 56). These decisions are usually dependent on the information technology adopted. Studies have shown that manager decision-making process is structured according to the technology they are hoping to adopt. However, with the rapid changes in the technology the process of structuring the decision making process has become difficult. Managers find the task of incorporating the concept of rapid changes into the process of decision making difficult. Managers believe that the cost of adopting new technology is escalating with growth in the IT industry (Miles 45). Managers have the duty of adopting new technology in an entity. However, technology is changing at a faster rate than most elements that affect managerial decision-making. Most managers, in the current world, are of the opinion that rapid changes in technology are affecting the process of decision-making (Ayadi 122). This has led to managers developing different attitudes and perceptions towards the rate of technological changes. Various managers argue that with the rapid changes in IT, the new technology adopted by an entity becomes outdated before it has been implemented fully. A good example of such a case was the advance in Microsoft operating system between 2006 and 2010. Many entities upgraded their computers from lower operating systems like XP to windows 7 operating system. However, before the Windows 7 was fully implemented, Microsoft upgraded their operating system software. They came up with Windows 8 that was more advanced than Windows 7 (Jones 256). These rapid changes in technology are making managers more cautious while adopting new technology. Decision-making is a critical tool in determining the competence of a manager. Managers therefore have to be careful while making decisions on information technology since such decisions may determine how competent a manager is. Managers have adopted the use of models to assist them in the processes of decision-making (Jones 320). Rapid technological changes have also led to development of new policies and procedures. Managers have been forced to learn a new code of conduct that is compatible with the new technology. Advances in technology have led to overlaps in policies. Changes in technology have also lead to scrapping off redundant policies. New policies have been introduction of new to cater for the rapid changes in technology. In the process of adopting new policies and adopting new o
The play was written in 1922 by Eugene o’ Neill. “The Hairy Ape” is considered Eugene O’Neill’s greatest work and is admired by multiple readers all over the world. It has particularly deep contents and is full of hidden meanings. The play can be looked at from many various angles and many layers can be discovered in it. This philosophic work encourages a lot of thinking and research. The issues raised in the play are universal, many generations could relate to them. The problems Eugene O’Neill bought up in his play “The Hairy Ape” are common for the whole humanity of all times. This is why the author called his play “A Comedy of Ancient and Modern Life”. This essay will be researching the relationship between the play and its genre by means of comparing the points of view of great thinkers of the past and their ideas about comedy and tragedy genres. Eugene O’Neill clearly called his play a comedy, but for the readers it might be unclear why such dramatic creation could be seen as a comedy. Obviously, the play explores sufferings and a heavy depression of one person so, naturally, it belongs to a genre of tragedy, but it has some hidden elements of comedy in it. Starting from the times of Ancient Greece the two main genres have been distinguished: a tragedy and a comedy. Aristotle wrote that a tragic play has to make the audience experience feelings of pity and fear. The main character was supposed to be a great outstanding man, most often a king or a general and the tragic play would describe his losing all his greatness (Hairy Ape as a Modern Tragedy). This was expected to make the audience feel compassion and be worried for the main character. In the plays of Shakespeare main characters all belonged to a higher society, they were royal families or famous politicians. To make the plays even more tragic – Shakespeare normally would kill all his main characters by the end of the play – this was done to increase the feelings of pity and fear in the audience. If we take a look at “The Hairy Ape” – we notice that the main character facing all the sufferings is not an outstanding man, neither is he a celebrity. The main theme of the play is all-consuming human struggle to find the place in the world. Yank, the crude fireman, is in the search for identity. He is confused by the complicated social system where the society is divided into classes, groups and layers. Yank is desperate to fit
Introduction There is a notion of stigma, accompanying a variety of psychological disorders. People, having these stigmas or labels associated with them personally, are often treated as defective and, thus, exposed to rejection from society members. As Whitbourne (2017) states, “the negative attitudes attached to psychological disorders exist even in our current society” (p. 6). The following case study proves that this concept is constantly being referred to; the statement makes particular sense when speaking of the maximum-security prison inmates, who are often subjected to mental disorders. By the example of a 65-year old Middle-Eastern prisoner, one sees that delusional disorders, verging on schizophrenia, cause problems to not only this particular person but make the surrounding involved as well. Main body Regarding the types of disorders that this complainant is suffering from, one can figure out the two florid ones: delusional disorder and schizophrenia. The occurrence of delusions is clearly tracked through the tendency to produce compulsive ideas and express unfounded beliefs in conspiracy and prison takeover plans. Researchers like Bergner and Bunford (2017) “support the position that ‘mental disorder’ designates a state of disability” (p. 32). In this particular case, one operates by the inmate’s inability to assess the situation rationally. The prisoner seeks any opportunity to support his overvalued ideas and finds a suitable feeding in newspaper articles devoted to terrorism. This fact catalyzes all the compulsive thoughts and leads to disease aggravation. Thus, the delusional disorder becomes transformed into schizophrenia with strong beliefs in a conspiracy theory. Naturally, people suffering from this severe disorder are more likely to be dangerous than the general population. In their case, closer attention from COs is required. According to Whitbourne (2017), schizophrenia “develops only when certain environment conditions are in place” (p. 154). The presence of such a factor as newspaper articles serves as the major background for the disease progression. It is known that the complainant has been suffering from delusions for a while (more than 1-2 months). Therefore, it is logical to assume that those have had enough premises to transform into a more complex form of mental disorder due to the inmate’s mind’s potential vulnerability. Eventually, a person having these mental issues requires specialized treatment and referrals. Considering the fact this person is a prisoner, one cannot apply for a hospital referral letter and recommend an inpatient treatment. The only available option is to gather an expert consultation group and decide how to treat this acute state of mental disturbance (Long, 2015). This group would also be responsible for treatment planning and prescribing antipsychotic medications (neuroleptics) that operate on both serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters. Regarding the fact
Introduction Human resource management is an organization function that entails all aspects that are associated with the human resource or work force in a particular organization, company or institution. It entails aspects like recruitment, coordination, and control of the people working in an organization. Some of the issues linked with human resource management include hiring, compensation and benefits, safety and welfare, communication and motivation, employees’ performance management and administration, training among others. Human resource management is a very essential function in every organization as it enhances overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organization through smooth running of all the activities and operations that are carried out in the organization. It falls under one of the major components of the management function (that is staffing); the other ones being planning, organizing, coordination, and controlling. The human resource in an organization is a valuable asset that determines the success or failure of the organization through their efforts towards utilizing other assets in the company. It is however, only through their proper management that maximum efficiency, effectiveness, and profitability can be achieved (Mathis and Jackson 2008). This paper discusses various aspects associated with human resource management with much emphasis being given to the human resource manager and his or her importance in an organization, in this case, the MechCon Company that serves as the case study. The value that an HR manager could add to MechCon Company and the complexities involved in managing HR A human resource manager is a crucial element in any organization as he or she helps in streamlining the activities and performance of the other employees. The MechCon company which is a multi-task engineering company offering a wide range of services from mechanical engineering to construction services is lacking a very essential personnel, the human resource manager, who coordinates all the other employees to make sure that they perform well and that their needs are well catered for hence motivating them to do better day by day, which results to the overall success of the organization. The employment of a human resource manager in MechCon Company is of essence as it will add value to the company through the following ways, the overall value being making things happen. The human res
Depression is a common experience among most people who must put up with the demands placed on them by work, family and the society. However, unlike mild depression which many people overcome without seeking medical intervention, Bream et al. (2) define severe depression as a potentially fatal condition, which is characterised by hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, negative ruminations, poor concentration, irritability and feelings of guilt. A person suffering severe depression hence loses the ability or willingness to enjoy life, and as a result, he or she may experience disruption in sexual functioning, appetite and sleeping patterns (2). While there are other treatment methods used in the treatment of severe depression, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is one of the common approaches used in managing the condition. According to Bream et al. (2), CBT has not only demonstrated its equivalence or superiority to other depression treatments, it has also established its effectiveness in preventing depression relapse. To understand the role that CBT plays in managing severely depressed patients however, one must have a clear understanding of what exactly CBT is. Bream et al. (2) state that CBT can be simply defined as a guide that helps the patient think positively. More comprehensively however, CBT is defined as a “therapeutic style, which includes the psychological formulation of a problem, a collaborative relationship between the patient and the therapist, and use of aids and techniques to help the patient attain positive thoughts”. This form of goal-oriented therapy is used on the assumption that clinicians possess ideas and skills that enable them to intervene in the
It is obvious that winter is one of the most problematic seasons for different companies connected with transport. Transportation is one of the parts most interested in the absence of snow and ice. Looking at the situation in the airports it should be stated that there are many cases when the flights are cancelled because of the bad weather, but it is twice irritating when the flights are cancelled because the airports failed to conduct their direct responsibilities and clean the snow. The UK airports have appeared in the complicated situations as they are to consider the best ways for dealing with snow in order to avoid the situations which happened this year. This paper is devoted to the discussion of the problems which have appeared in the UK airports connected with snow and the ways how these problems may be solved. Considering the situation which has appeared, it is important to check the facts. The cleaning systems in UK and in Europe differ greatly. Thus, “in Germany, no airport had to shut even though Munich saw temperatures plunge to -27C. In Stockholm only six of 350 flights were cancelled. Copenhagen had four inches of snow but no disruption” (Adams, Hough, & Bowater 2012, n.p.), at the same time we can see that “by Saturday afternoon BAA had already cancelled a third of flights nine hours before any snow had fallen in a pre-emptive plan to avoid the chaos of previous winters” (Adams, Hough, & Bowater 2012n.p.). The main reason why the UK airports are closed are the lack of machines which are to deal with the problem. The consequences of the cancelled flights cannot be even predicted as the number of the business negotiations and deals which could be failed because of the inappropriate actions of the airport managers and the government cannot be calculated. Additionally, many people had to change their plans, refuse from journeys, etc. Thus, the importance of the clean airports and the guarantee of the ability of the UK government to impose this responsibility of the airports should be referred to. The discussion of the punishment the UK airports should be referred to as it may be one of the main reasons for making those deal with the problem seriously. The punishment is to be provided in order to make sure that the airport governments have made all necessary in order to avoid the problems which have already happened. In 2010 BA cancelled
Parallel to her career as a singer-songwriter Joan Baez has been a human rights activist and anti war campaigner. In December 1971, along with a group of journalists, fellow artists, and veterans, she stayed in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Their mission was to address human rights in that region, deliver Christmas mail to American Prisoners of war, and build solidarity with the Vietnamese people. Baez recorded many of her conversations and performances during the trip resulting in ‘Where are you now, my son?’ In December 1972, at the height of the Vietnam conflict, she spent 13 days in that country and returned home with 15 hours of tapes. She survived the 11-day long Christmas bombings campaign over Hanoi and Haiphong (Dávila 56). As the bombs were falling, she sang ‘Silent Night’ with the people around her. There were over sixty bombing raids in those eleven days in what turned out to be the heaviest bombing in the history of the world. ‘Where are you now, my son?’ is an album by Joan Baez released in December 1973. On one side of the album, she made the recording during a US bombing raid on Hanoi over Christmas in 1972 when she made her visit to North Vietnam (Dávila 56). The other album’s side was recorded in Nashville in 1973. The genre of the album is folk-rock and contemporary folk. She made it clear that the war in Indochina was not yet over, and the war against violence had barely begun. The album featured audio clips from the war zone and studio-recorded songs reflecting her experience (Dávila 60). The album captured a unique perspective in a painful and complicated historical moment. The album is a journalistic investigation, a memorial, and an elegy that captures the complexity of living in a war (Baez 15). The journalistic feature in the album is the grief experienced by all parties, noises of their environment, Baez’s monologue, and the laughter and music. She portrays Hanoi’s overflowing love and generosity despite the constant pain of war. The first side of the album is a 22 minutes splice of Baez’s experiences in North Vietnam during the 1972 Christmas bombings, interspersed with her spoken narrative about her eye-witness accounts of what she saw during that intense historical period. It contains a tale of the horrors of war. It is spoken and sung and includes actual war recordings from Hanoi’s massive Christmas bombing raids (Baez, 1977). It opens with the sounds of war, and for a minute, there is no noise except for an American B-52 flying overhead and the sounds of distant bombs crashing like heavy percussions. The recordings included the audios of the Christmas service and conversations with Vietnamese and foreign citizens who secluded in a bomb shelter with Baez and her company. Throughout the years, Baez has remained deeply committed to social and political matters, lending her voice to many concerts for various causes. Her tone was formal yet somber, as if she was reading a eulogy. A man is heard bonding with Baez stating that they are not afraid together and if they die, they will die and that one dies once, that would be all for them. Themes of
Introduction Linguistics is the study of language, its form, meaning, and possible context. There are many theories and branches in this study, and each of them has its history, worth, and impact on the development of a language. Morphophonemics is the central topic for consideration in this paper. It is defined as one of the branches of linguistics that deals with the relations that can be developed between phonology and morphology. A phoneme is a sound unit with its functions and peculiarities, and a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in the language (Radford, Atkinson, Britain, Clahsen, & Spencer, 2009). These units cannot be ignored because the quality and essence of every word a person pronounces are defined by the sound changes that occur in a morpheme. In this paper, the evaluation of morphophonemic rules and the relations that can be developed between phonology and morphology will be given to comprehend the worth of theory of morphophonemic rules and the explanations of the theory’s supporters and opponents. The interactions between morphology and phonology have a long history, and the existing morphophonemic rules serve as the best proof that the supporters of the theory succeeded in their ideas to analyze the changes in word forms and the effects of these changes on words’ pronunciation and to implement a phonological rule that can be restricted to a certain morphological environment. Morpheme The point is that even the smallest word may have several components, and each component may have its functions and peculiarities. A morpheme is considered to be the smallest unit of a language. Some people may confuse it with a word. Still, such opinion is mistaken because, in comparison to a
Nowadays, many different acts and laws define social justice, including gender equality, observance of rights of sexual minorities, beliefs, and ethnicity issues. According to Hammack (2018), social justice is based on definitions of human behavior and social relationships and categories. Why does it happen today that the rights of some people are violated, and injustice takes place, and what to do about it? Social justice is the basis for the existence of people on earth; humanity will destroy itself without it. Austin (2013) pointed out that justice is a kind of contract between two people who sacrifice some of their freedoms in exchange for social order. It is essential to understand that injustices happen when one person’s freedom does not end where the freedom of another begins. In other words, it is an infringement of liberty and human rights or social injustice. The solution to this problem seems simple, although it turned out to be challenging to implement. If there is (for whatever reason) social inequality in a society, it must be corrected to serve the interests of the most oppressed groups of the population. Regardless of social status, place of work, skin color, gender, age, etc., every person should have equal rights and freedoms like anybody else, including freedom of speech, assembly, and conscience. The principle of equal opportunities – access to positions and government positions should be open to everyone without restrictions. In addition, to maintain social justice, people should be aware of the concept of critical social justice. This approach refers to theoretical models that initially recognize that society is unequal (Sensoy & Angelo 2017). It helps to solve the problem from its essence, which leads to an adequate reflection on the question.