ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Cloud computing can have a lower cost delivery model of IT services since IT resources are shared and rented among each other. This paper has discussed the disadvantage and concerns related to cloud computing. Cloud users are also seen to choose on values of SLAs and negotiate with cloud providers so that they can maximize their utility subject to cost constraints. Outsourcing and services from third parties can be immensely helpful. Cloud Computing Introduction According to Coronel, Carlos, Morris, Steven, & Rob, Peter (2011), Cloud Computing means using software, business applications and or add-ins from a server accessed through the Internet. The Internet becomes the “cloud” that harbors applications as well as services that subscribers’ access by use of modems on their computers. Challenges over Cloud Computing and Key Recommendations The barriers to the success of cloud computing as an alternative for the provision of computing services lie primarily in issues facing consumers of the cloud. For example, Benjamin Linder, Scalent System’s says that when moving applications or data in the cloud, many challenges exist to influence the full possibility that would come with cloud computing. The following are key challenges that must be addressed: Expensive Transitioning of Existing Software and Data Transitioning existing software and data to the cloud may be too expensive and technically challenging to undertake. Transition to the cloud may require replacing the software with a modern cloud‐ready design and extracting the data into a cloud-based data store. This can be overcome by developing proper systems to ensure a smooth transition without data loss. Lack of Cloud Interoperability Cloud interoperability issues arise when a software application and related data, that cloud hosts, need to be moved to a different cloud provider. This is currently virtually impossible to do without incurring a significant cost as well as the effort that may be needed to port the software and its data. Data Security and Trust Data security and trust is major concern. Companies and consumers often do not want to store their data in the cloud due to a lack of trust and the risk of exposing their data in an untrusted environment. Consequently, this demands hybrid cloud environments which can jointly work in unison, where parts of the application can be hosted in a public cloud and others on-premises. A key challenge is the provisioning of secure and trusted data storage that can be operated in such a hybrid cloud environment. Difficulty in Monitoring Quality of Service Existing software systems typically consist of different parts and subsystems (such as Web frontend, rich client application, business services, workflows, database layer or message queuing). Such systems often have rigid requirements in terms of performance, dependability, security and trust. Monitoring and enforcing those requirements is a key challenge to fulfill Service Level Agreements (SLA) between the cloud application owner and the customer. Need for Frequent Reassessment Different cloud providers offer similar service
Definition and drivers Organizational resources usually contribute a lot towards the overall success and performance of an industry, and it therefore becomes important for experts participating within an industry to manage these resources with a lot of care. Resources within an industry can include money, technology and even human beings. It therefore important to know the general output within an industry or within organizations themselves will depend on how well leadership can manipulate and manage these results to achieve overall industry and organizational success (Schuler & Jackson 1999). Human resources are definitely the most important resources to any organization since they use their skill to control all other organizational resources with the sole aim of optimizing their use for the best outcome (Breul & Gardner 2004). Human capital management can be simply defined as strategically planned approaches of managing people who assist the organization/industry achieve its mission and objectives by using their skills. Human capital management will therefore constantly tackle issues which contribute to the growth and actual development of human capital within an industry. Human resource management is quite complex and therefore in the same way that organizations manage finances and other functional areas it becomes a necessity to also manage human capital (Blair 2007). Leaders in the American health industry know that ultimately the collective level of skill, talent and abilities of individuals within various organizations and the industry serve as the fulcrum of success of that industry and thus it becomes totally necessary to careful strategies on handling them. There are many drivers within the American health industry that lead experts into taking the process of human capital management more seriously with close to human capital 20 million individuals who are either directly or indirectly linked to the industry and consequently the absence of human capital management can be disastrous and can eventually affect the impeccable reputation that this industry has gained over time. The need to manage human capital within the American health industry is particularly very important because of the delicate nature of the industry, which involves dealing with patients and requires that organizations constantly keep checks on human capital to ensure those serving patients are competent enough and capable of treating patients professionally (Breul & Gardner 2004). For instance, an hospital may decide to blacklist a doctor due to malpractice and therefore consequently the national database of medical professionals will in turn be obligated to make this known to any future prospective employers. The highly volatile medical environment is usually subjected to technological changes that make treating patients easier and efficient and therefore this often drives hospitals to organize regular seminars whereby individuals such as doctors, morticians, nurses, and technicians can get themselves at par with trends within the industry. Thus, it has
Introduction Individual performance appraisal is a way of evaluating the level of an employee’s performance in workplace. In healthcare, the 360-degree feedback is the commonly used individual performance appraisal tool; also known as multisource assessment or multi-rater feedback because it can involve external organizations in some cases. Any appraisal system should be “relevant and applicable to everyday work, acceptable and fair, and a mutual collaboration between workers and employers” (Duraisingam & Skinner, 2005, p. 2), and 360-degree feedback is not different; it meets all these requirements. As the name suggests, 360-degree is an all-round system that encircles an employee with feedback coming from supervisors, peers, or subordinates. In some cases, individuals carry self-assessment while in other instances outside sources like customers are involved in the evaluation process. After getting the feedback from the involved parties, the evaluator uses this information to plan training, make administrative decisions, or make developments among others functions. The 360-degree feedback tool operates in a simple manner. An organization is required to form small groups of workers within different departments to fill in essay questionnaires, a task that takes less than 20 minutes. After carrying out the survey, the results are sent to an external organ
Judaism is among the oldest religions. According to historians, Judaism history has been marked by violence and conflicts. In the Old Testament, the Bible details how the Jews fought with other communities to secure their lands. Currently, there are ongoing conflicts between the Jews and the Arabs neighbors. Analysts argue that the ongoing wars between the Jews and the Arabs communities are fuelled by the desires of the conservative Israelites who want to reclaim their promised land as claimed in the Bible. According to these Jewish extremists, their violent acts have been justified in their religious doctrines (Walters 2000, p. 34). This paper focuses on the recent act of violence committed by the Jewish extremists. In August 2012, several incidences of settler attacks were experienced in the West Bank. The Jewish extremists were blamed for these attacks. During the attacks, the extremists torched, vandalized, and destroyed several Palestinian properties. Similarly, during the conflicts, a Palestinian taxi was attacked injuring six passengers. Following the attacks, domestic activists and the international community condemned the radical acts. According to the Jewish extremists, only the Israelites should settle in the West Bank. The presence of Palestinians in this region has fuelled enmity between the Jewish extremists and the Palestine extremists. Owing to this, the recent violence is attributed to the tension between the two communities. In the West Bank, Israeli settlers believe that they are religiously entitled to the land. According to such individuals, present Israel is the biblical Promised Land. Jewish extremists attribute their violent acts to a religious law that urges individuals whose properties have been stolen to repossess them by force. It is through this religious law, that the extremists justify their unlawful acts against the Arab settlers as legitimate (Juergensmeyer 2000, p. 148). According to them, the Arabs have stolen their land, thus, they have to get it back by force. Jewish extremists believe that their violent attacks on their enemies will one day help them reclaim their alleged stolen land. In this regard, their religious wars and acts of terrorism are considered commands from God. Another major religious justification of this violence is a covenant. Israelis extremists argue that the Bible reveals how God made an everlasting covenant with their descendant Abraham. Through this covenant, God promised Israelis the land of Israel. By misinterpreting this biblical verse, Jewish extremist groups argue that Israel will never be peaceful until it expels Arabs in its territories. Through this argument, extremists believe that the democratic leaders who have been against their actions are not pure Israelis and that they are foreigners who are only interested in satisfying their interests. Through the above example
Diabetes type 2 is a disease that occurs when the body does not respond to insulin normally, leading to the rise of a sugar level. The pancreas responds by producing more insulin. This excessive insulin production leads to the wearing out of the pancreas. Eventually, it is no longer able to produce enough insulin to keep the blood sugar levels within the normal range. There are a couple of reasons why Type 2 Diabetes is most common in children. This includes being overweight, brought about by children eating high-fat and low-fiber diets which lead to weight gain. Excess fat makes it harder for the cells to respond to insulin and this makes it inactive thereby reducing the body’s ability to respond to insulin. It can also occur when there is little or no physical activity. Regular exercise helps control the amount of glucose in the blood. It also helps burn excess calories and fat which helps in weight management. Children may also get diabetes through hereditary means, where close family members pass on the disease to the children. It may also occur due to race as certain ethnic groups tend to be more prone to developing type 2 diabetes. African-American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian-American, and Pacific Islander children are at greater risk for developing type 2 diabetes than white American children. Children may also get diabetes if the mother developed diabetes during pregnancy. The symptoms of diabetes type 2 include;   * Frequent urination. The kidneys respond to high levels of glucose in the b
Introduction It is well stated that many public documents, such as President Herbert Hoover and members of the Federal Reserve System in the second half of the 1920s, were aiming at ending what they recognized to be the approximate overloads that were lashing the stock market explosion. Furthermore, as clarified by Hamilton (1987), notwithstanding plentiful contradictions to the divergent, the Federal Reserve assumed the role of “authority of security prices.” Nevertheless, there continue to be quarrels as to whether or not the stock market was overestimated at the time; the main accents is that the Federal Reserve suggested there to be a tentative effervesce in equity charges. Hamilton describes how the Federal Reserve, aiming to “pop” the bubble, boarded on a highly contractionary monetary strategy in January 1928. Between December 1927 and July 1928, the Federal Reserve mannered $393 million of open market vends of securities so that only $80 million stayed in the Open Market account. Buying rates on bankers’ receptions were increased from 3 percent in January 1928 to 4.5 percent by July, decreasing Federal Reserve investments of such bills by $193 million, imposing a total of only $185 million of these bills on equilibrium. Further, the concession rate was raised from 3.5 percent to 5 percent, the highest level since the recession of 1920–21. “In short, in terms of the magnitudes consciously controlled by the Fed, it would be difficult to design more contractionary regulations than that started in January 1928”. (Himmelberg, 2001) Strongest School of Thought The Austrian school of thought is regarded to be the most truthful in the matters of the Great Depression, as The economics profession during the 1930s was at a loss to clarify the Depression. The most important conservative explanations were of two categories. First, some spectators at the time firmly based their clarifications on the two columns of traditional macroeconomic thought, Say’s Law, and the suggestion in the self-equilibrating forces of the market. Lots argued that it was just a matter of time before salaries and charges adjusted fully enough for the financial system to return to full service and get the consciousness of the putative axiom that “supply provides its own demand.” Second, the Austrian school of thought stated that the Depression was the inevitable result of overinvestment during the 1920s. The best remedy for the situation was to let the Depression run its course so that the economy could be purified from the harmful effects of the false increase. Governmen
As we begin to read the history of art in Italy one finds some examples of homosexuality among the notables of the time. In fact it was at its peak in the Renaissance Italy (Rocke, 1998, pg. 3). Many celebrities of the time had their male partners that too became known to the world since their name became associated with them. Among the notables the names of Marsilio Ficino, Leonardo da Vinci, Benedetto Varchi, Michelangelo, Pope Julius III, Benvenuto Cellini and Prospero Farinacci are quite prominent. The literary figures of the time used the medium of art to express their feeling for their partners. Michelangelo used both the medium of art and poetry to express his feelings for several young boys. The most prominent name associated with him is that of Cavalieri. The poet has written a number of sonnets in which he has talked about his love for the gentleman. Here it would be pertinent to discuss the term homosexuality. Rocke points out in his book that the word “homosexual” was not in use until the nineteenth century, and in the Renaissance there was no exact equivalent of it; indeed, it can be (and has been) disputed whether homosexuality existed as a social identity in the sense that it does today. “Sodomy” was the term regularly used to describe same-sex relations, although this word was not synonymous with “homosexuality.” There were certain erotic acts that were considered unnatural and any person found guilty for such acts with his or her own or opposite gender was considered a sodomite (Rocke, 1998, pg. 12). Rocke defines sodomy as a term usually referred to having sexual relationships among males and includes all those sexual activities that according to Catholic dogma do not result in procreation which is believed to be the sole purpose of having sex. In renaissance Italy the vice of sodomy became so common that most of the men did not feel ashamed to disclose their relationship with other males. In 1376, Pope Gregory XI commented about sodomy among Florentines as an “act so abominable that I dare not mention it.” It was a period when Italy was considered the “mother” of sodomy. Sexual activities of Italians were much talked about in the local and foreign publications and it went to such an extent that in Germany “to sodomize” was most commonly known as “florenzen” and a sodomite was called a “Florenzer” (Rocke, 1998, pg. 3). The aim of this paper is to discuss the prevalence of homosexuality in the Renaissance Italy. I would like to reflect on its prevalence in the literature of that period. My focus would be on the poetry of Michelangelo who used this medium to talk about his homosexual emotions and in some cases his unfulfilled love for a number of male partners. It would be interesting to see the neoplatonic imagery of his poems as a form of “sublimation” due to the repression of same-sex relations in society.Towards the end I would like to analyze if Michelangelo comes across as a “typical” male homosexual or not. Because of the continued prevalence of the “unmentionable vice”
The efficiency of management depends on the variety of aspects, and one of them is the decision-making. The ability to make successful decisions is the crucial skill of every manager because the right decisions are beneficial. On the contrary, the wrong decision can provoke lamentable consequences and significantly harm business processes. The negative impacts of the poorly executed decision-making policies depict that managerial decision-making plays an important role in the company’s success. It is commonly accepted that the decision-making process includes the definition of the problem, the consideration of the decision criteria and their evaluation, and the selection of the most appropriate decision from the variety of alternatives. Managers from the different countries approach to these steps of making decisions differently. The businesses in the different countries have a lot of distinct features in the way of conduction and the orientations. Thus, it is fair to say that decision-making policies depend on the cultural environment. The processes of decision-making can be assessed by their rationality. The rational and multilateral approach is essential in this issue. Ultimately, the decisions must support the problem’s solution and come to the results that could be profitable and beneficial for the company. For reaching the desirable and positive outcomes, the manager, first of all, needs to discover the problems that currently exist. It is important to detect the very core of the problem to find the best solution for it. Once the problem is detected, a manager can set himself or herself to the measuring of the problem and evaluation of the best ways to resolve it. Managers usually assess all the potential solutions according to their organizational preferences that include the cultural aspect as well. It is important to take into account all the possible alternatives, the decision shouldn’t be one-sided – the multitude of aspects should be involved in the decision-making procedures. Assessments and evaluations are the crucial steps of the decision-making strategies. Evaluations must be rational and judicial. Nevertheless, the rationalization is often limited due to the human and cultural factors. Very often people base their actions and thoughts on the preconceptions and prejudices. They can be either of the personal or the general and cultural character. These preconceptions usually shift the motivations, and it certainly can affect the efficiency of the decision-making in business. It is well known th
Introduction The term pedagogy is derived from “a Latin word, paidagogi, which was originally used to describe slaves that accompanied the Roman boys to school” (Korthagen, Loughran & Russell, 2006, p. 1031). The slaves were seen as both leaders and caretakers for the children. Today, the term is used to highlight the association between teachers and their students in a learning set up (Alexander, 2004). The meaning of the term pedagogy has ignited heated debate amongst scholars who have presented various meanings of the word. Contrary to the original definition of the term pedagogy, which was used solely to refer the act of teaching, modern scholars have attempted to differentiate between teaching and pedagogy (Edelenbos, Johnstone & Kubanek, 2006). The term is used contemporarily to describe all methods and strategies used during the process of teaching. Pedagogy links the actual act of teaching with culture and methods used in the process. This research paper will explain the best pedagogical principles and practices as outlined by different scholars in the available literature. The essay will explore the principles and practices of pedagogy with reference to the various theories that teachers should adopt as presented in the contemporary times. Main pedagogical principles Problem motivated learning Learning is highly momentous and genuine when prompted and obtained in the process of struggle to resolve problems (Steinemann, 2003). Research indicates that problem-motivated learning helps students in the construction of knowledge coupled with boosting their ability to apply such knowledge in learning (Law, Joughin, Kennedy, Tse & Yu, 2007). The principle of problem-motivated learning was initially applicable in medicine, but today its application has extended to other fields (Korthagen et al., 2006). The term ‘problem’ in this context refers to the common issues in textbooks that students encounter in the course of their studies. The problems are solved by applying certain scientific techniques (Beetham & Sharpe, 2013). Integrating problem solving into learning can go a long way in encouraging students to do extensive research in search of knowledge. Problem-motivated learning should be designed in such a way that it encourages learners to read different materials available in the available libraries. The main idea behind problem-motivated learning is to assist students to discover and develop knowledge on their own without relying on their teachers (Scardamalia & Bereiter, 2006). In the process of discovering and acquiring such knowledge, students interact with each other, thus acquiring knowledge ultimately. Problem-motivated learning is founded on the view that problems in textbooks can be solved through the application of various principles presented in the available literature (McWilliam & Dawson, 2008). Tutors should avoid giving direct solutions to problems; on the contrary