ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The banking sector in Creditpia consists of only three banks; Bank of Creditpia, Creditpia Commercial Bank and Framers Bank. Bank of Creditpia is in charge of 60% of the market share while the other two banks each control 20% of the banking business in Creditpia (Diane and Dann, p. 276). This is an oligopoly market because there are only a few sellers in the market. The banks belong to an organization; the Financial Service Institution of Creditpia (FSIC), which is a cartel. Because of this, they use restrictive practices in trade. These practices include colluding to work together and laying down strategies of market sharing, in an attempt to do a lot of profit and maintain their books. Through FSIC, these banks form a strong body which has the potential to develop and implement laws of the banking sector in Creditpia, while at the same time influencing the decisions of the government about banking. This has had the effect of locking out new players out of the market, and ensuring that any alien banks that try to get into the Creditpia market find it difficult to do so. This market has a variety of clients who include farmers, employees and self-actualizing businessmen. It also has unemployed people, which makes it a realistic market in terms of customers. As a result, it has a wide range of customers basing on their financial position. Although the three banks in Creditpia are interdependent through FISC, there is still remarkably fierce competition between them. This is because of a large number of none-performing loans. The main source of profitability for banks is interest paid for loans. A high number of credit defaulters thus mean a reduction in the bank’s profitability. Creditpia’s banking sector is facing a tough financial time with many non-performing loans. Each bank hence has to fight hard to make sure that it does not fall out of the race due to losses. This situation in the banking business of Creditpia may lead to a perfectly competitive market. CEO’s decision to lead the market is a critical step towards helping the banking sector in Creditpia to stabilize and continue making high profits. CEO may hence be tempted to dominate the market so that he can help in reducing the number of non-performing loans, which will eventually lead to an increase in profitability of banks, in form the interest they shall have earned from repayments from loans. CEO may also be tempted to control the market in a bid to prevent new sellers from taking advantage of their situation and getting into the market. If the CEOs decide to control the market, they may do it in a manner that they all benefit from the scheme. First of all, they will set a target to reduce or eliminate the problem of non-performing loans in the banking sector (Diane and Dann, p. 298). This will take place through the setting up and implementation of new loan guidelines and rules, which will help combat this problem. This may include policies that will act as
Leadership refers to the process through which the managers of an organization use their skills and personality to inspire their employees to achieve the goals of the organization. The current leadership theories such as followership and servant leadership are focusing on the role of the followers in the decision-making process and the performance of the organizations. This means that there should be more consultations and good relationships between the management and the employees. The Australian workers prefer the captain-coach or the decisive leadership style which encourages the participation of all employees in the decision-making process. The compatibility between the current leadership theories and the captain-coach or decisive leadership style can be explained by the concepts that inform these leadership styles. According to the servant leadership theory, organizations should focus on all-round development in regard to their workforce. This involves identifying the weaknesses of the employees and empowering them to handle such weaknesses through training. The captain-coach leadership style uses the same concept. In this case, the coach (leader) identifies the weaknesses of the team (followers) and encourages them to improve through training. Current leadership theories encourage effective communication between the leaders and their followers. The captain-coach leadership style borrows from this concept. This is because the leaders who use this leadership style always consult their followers before making decisions. Besides, they obtain feedback from the followers on the implications of their decisions. Followership theory considers leadership to be a multi-dimensional function that is characterized by a system of thinking. This means that the contribution of all parties in decision-making and other organizational functions are important for the success of the organization. Drawing from this principle, the captain-coach leadership style is based on teamwork. In this case, the contribution of each member is significant to the achievement of the goals while the leader gives guidance and shares the work with the team. According to the leader-fullness theory, the leader should be competent enough to make decisions for the organization. In the decisive leadership style, the followers are consulted about a decision to be made. However, it is the responsibility of the leader to make the final decision. The current leadership theories and the captain-coach leadership style are thus compatible due to the fact that they are based on similar concepts. These concepts include consultation, teamwork and
Introduction “We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people.” Martin Luther King. This is a generation that has perfected the idea of ethnic hatred and negligence. Unless good people stand up against the evil deeds performed along ethnic lines society will be faced with dire consequences of its negligence. In his quote, Martin Luther King Junior admonished people who believed in ethnic diversity to rise to the occasion against those who undermine it. In this quote, he blamed ethnic hostility not only to the acts of evil but also to the appalling negligence and silence of the good people. Martin Luther cited repentance to symbolize the change in approach about how the whole issue of cultural diversity is concerned. The opposite is also true bearing in mind that the worst atrocities and acts of violence against humanity have been catalyzed by cultural and ethnic hatred. It is therefore of essence that the people who believe in cultural diversity stand up against the few bad people who perpetrate violence in the name of ethnic identity. To live in harmony as a society we must de-link ourselves from attitudes of ethnic hatred and embrace diversity. It is only through tolerance and acceptance that ethnicity will cease to be an issue in social relations. The Consequences of Ethnic Hostility Unless the good people of this generation take action against ethnic and cultural hostility there will be tough repercussions. Martin Luther in his famous quote cautioned society not to be ignorant of the evil perpetrated along ethnic lines. According to the quote, diversity can not only be undermined by the acts of the bad but also by the ignorance and silence of the good. This generation according to him was headed for a catastrophe unless the good people stood up against the evil ones. Oppression of the weak and the rampant stigmatization of particular races and sections of society is common (Leach 115). The evils plotted by people of one ethnic group against others have impacted far-reaching consequences in society. It can be described as a society that is dogged by the ills of a few bad people and plagued by the silence of good people. Therefore the world will remain the worst place for existence as long as the good intended people remain adamant of the danger posed by the few evil plotters who hide behind cultural backgrounds. As a society, we must stand up against the segregation of people along ethnic lines. We must affirm our belief in equality and openness to staying away from the ruthless consequences of ethnic hatred (Banks 219). This generation has to think serio
Introduction Art Description This painting (attached in the appendix) displays a man, known as Prometheus, being tied together using a light chain and the eagle in the picture is pricking his liver. Prometheus is depicted without clothes, and this shows that he is in agony. It is clear that the artist, Rubens, wanted to show that Prometheus landed from above in an isolated cliff, which is presumed to be the end of world. Life of Paul Rubens Rubens was a renowned painter who was described as charming and attractive both in his work and social life. He was born in 1577 at Siegan, Westphalia of Germany, and the sixth in the family. Jan Rubens and Maria were his parents, who had relocated from Antwerp to Cologne in 1568. It was at Antwerp that the young Rubens realized his interest in painting. After his training in art, he traveled to Italy with the aim of witnessing the popular Renaissance and classical arts that he had only seen from copies. Rubens returned from Italy in 1608 due to his mother’s death and decided to stay in Antwerp. He was appreciated through his works that focused on Baroque style. He stressed movement, color, and sensuality in his paintings. His other paintings include Death of Hippolytus (1610/12), The Fall of Icarus (1636), and Perseus and Andromeda (1639/40). Rubens married twice; in 1609 he was married to Isabella Brandt and in 1630 to Helene Fourment. In his last years Rubens painted for his own pleasure as opposed to business (The National Gallery 1). He later died in 1640 following gout diseases. Time and Culture of the Art/Artist Prometheus Bound was created in the seventeenth century reflecting the myth of the Greek in which Prometheus was fighting with the eagle. Prometheus was believed to have acquired fire without permission from the gods and presented it to humans. The punishment was to tie him on a cliff and let an eagle to tear his liver, which was believed to regenerate daily. This influenced Rubens to create a painting that reflects the struggle. Together with his co-painter, Paul Snyder, who painted the eagle, Rubens described the art as one of his important work (Babbit 174). History of Prometheus Bound Prometheus bound is a Greek disaster that happened many centuries ago. Aeschylus directed a play in relation to the disaster, giving us an understanding of the painting. Aeschylus spend most of his life in Athens and was therefore exposed to various revolutions that were happening during the time. Prometheus Bound, as a painting, reflects the disaster that befell Prometheus who took fire without permission from gods and gave it to humans. Peter Paul Rubens depicted the happenings in 1610 as a piece of art (Backtoclassics 1); at that time he was 33 years old. In the present days, the painting is preserved as an exhibition in modern museums such the Museum of Philadelphia. Elements of Design Line The line element in this painting shows the movement of an eagle and the man struggling.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the brainchild of Amazon.com which is currently the world’s leading online retail sales platform which sells millions of items to consumers all across America, Europe and several parts of Asia (Amazon adds supercomputing service to its cloud 2011, p. 8). AWS was conceived as a means of providing services to other websites and consumers based on the company’s already extensive experience in building, managing and operating its own digital infrastructure. The company in effect leveraged its considerable financial portfolio in order to open 9 data centers around world, specifically one site in the Eastern U.S., two sites in the Western U.S., and 1 each in Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Singapore and Australia (Amazon adds supercomputing service to its cloud 2011, p. 8). By spreading out its data centers into multiple locations, this enabled the company to provide services to consumers in multiple locations as well as ensures that the entirety of the service will not go down should a storm or a similar natural disaster impact one of its datacenters (Venkatraman 2013, p. 19). Studies such as those by Evani et al. (2012) state that one of the advantages Amazon Web Services (AWS) has over other similar providers is the sheer level of brand recognition which, when combined with its online retail sales experience, makes it one of the most versatile and popular services currently available. Evidence of this claim can be seen in the fact that after the service started in 2006, by 2007 nearly 330,000 developers joined the company with thousands more being added on a yearly basis (Garg et al. 2013, pp. 1012-1023). The success of this service can be seen through its revenue streams wherein it is estimated that AWS made $1.5 billion in revenue in 2012 alone. AWS is an interesting service to examine given the fact that it did not start off as a technology service provider and was instead a retailer (Garg et al. 2013, pp. 1012-1023). This differs greatly from Microsoft, Google and other cloud service providers which were primarily technology service providers from their inception and, as such, this may result in AWS having a different means by which it approaches the provision of cloud based services. Cloud Services Provided Computing   * under the computing category, AWS has two distinct services:   * Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) – this service is a type of scalable virtual private service that utilizes Xen architecture (i.e. multiple virtual operating systems can work off the same computer hardware).   * Amazon Elastic Map Reduce (EMR) – this particular system enables the clients of the company to process large amounts of data quickly and efficiently. Networking   * Amazon Route 53 – this service provides a scalable domain system for a company’s website.   * Amazon Virtual Private Cloud – this enables the creation of an isolated cloud service for a company that can be connected to another pre-existing network. AWS Direct Connect Content Delivery  1. Amazon Cloud Front – this service utilizes Amazon’s wide array of datacenters to enable faster and easier access to users located
Common customer needs and tastes can be used to measure the market metrics of a global strategy. This metric is difficult to use since the needs of customers for certain goods or services are usually different. What is actually required is the proportion of the total cost which is accounted for a specific commodity by the components of the commodity that satisfies the needs of an individual. Global customer and channels is another metric that is used in emphasizing national and multinational customer and channels. National customer and channel consider the percentage of the total sales to customers in the world (Porter, 1985). The multinational model considers what makes a customer buy products for worldwide utility. The third metric that can be used for measuring global strategy implementation is transferable marketing. This metric analyzes the willing buyer’s behavior and reaction to a foreign factor in the market. For example, an African brand name in the American market. This factor is used in all marketing aspects which may include hiring, advertising, sales, and the company’s market. All these metrics help to increase the concept of globalization. There are several risks associated with the implementation of global strategies than those of the domestic strategies. Such risks are influenced by the legislations that are set to govern trade (Hax & Majluf, 1984). For instance, there are trade policies that favor countries that are member states of the European Union through tariff eliminations. Such policies imply that certain goods should be available for sale in all the member states. It is also hard for a global director or manager to have the correct information needed to plan, formulate and implement a global strategy because complete information about a country only exists at the country level. This makes it risky since it is hard to collect information about a country in which a company does not participate resulting in a circular dilemma. The current and the likely use of the global strategy levers should be diagnosed to determine the changes that are required. Several analysis should be carried out in the processes of determining the potential uses of global strategy levers. Such analysis includes benefits associated with global strategy, industrial globalization drivers, and the activities of the competitors. For the case of the Riordan venture, few levers can be considered important for its success. Such levers a
Leadership is a progressive process whereby a person (the leader) influences other people’s behavior and organizes people coherently and cohesively to attain a specific objective. Leadership comes in different forms; therefore, this document will focus on the three types, that is, transformational, transactional, and charismatic and their differences. Transformational leadership In transformational leadership, a leader raises the team’s emotions and encourages them to work beyond the organization’s set goals. Transformational leadership re-energizes his team to become stronger in achieving the set goals. In this style, change or transformation takes center stage; the leader aims for change or the transformation of the entire organization or subject. Moreover, in transformational leadership, the leader supports his or her subject in various capacities thus motivating them. Transactional leadership On the other hand, a transactional leader is more effort-reward oriented. In this style, the subjects are motivated by punishments and benefits. Moreover, there is a clear chain of command, whereby the junior staffs report to their seniors. A transactional leader approaches his or her team in a way that they must obey him or her fully, sin
Introduction Ottoman has been the largest and powerful empire in history which was inspired by Islam. The empire was most successful at the time of Suleiman who had ruled for forty six years. However, the empire was faced by a very drastic decline in 1571 after it lost the battle of lepanto. Further decline was accelerated by World War I. However; the empire had experienced a great transformation in between the golden age and the time of the decline. This period was referred to as the Tanzimat which was basically a period during which the Ottoman Empire was reorganized and reformed starting from the early eighties. The main idea of the transformation was to bring about development in the empire through tax revenue collection for military support in order to ensure complete control of its territory and prevent colonization by the powerful nations. The reformations made became the major root of Ottomanism among the majority ethnic groups in the empire which led to formation of nationalists movements. One main attempt of the reformations was to bring together non-Muslims and non-Turks and incorporate them into the Ottoman social believes and norms. They were to get liberty to allow them to exercise equal right to the Turks (Goodwin 1). Government and administration The Ottoman Empire experienced some changes in the government and its way of administration which was, in fact one of the major reasons for the decline of the empire. The sultanate administration failed during that period. Previously, the sultanate was a very strong institution from which the sultan was expected to point out a successor. However, the sultanate became weak with time and since it was the strong hold of the empire, its decline had strong contribution its decline. Although the great Suleiman had led the empire into great success during its golden age, he later became weak and this resulted to his less involvement in the affairs of the empire as he was getting old. In addition, he was executed by some of his successors leaving the sit for Selim II who, despite living in the palace for long, had no experience in running the state. He generally neglected his governing responsibilities and rather paid much attention to personal matters such as physical pleasures. However, during the transformation, governance and administration changed completely to strong and central monarchies across the empire. Constitution reforms were also done during this period. A parliament was formed which had representatives from all the provinces to allow all citizens take part in the running of the state through their representatives who acted as their voices. Local governments were formed too and the sultan was deprived of his powers which were described as dictatorship. Electric administration was introduced for diplomatic purposes (Chambers, 2010, p. 1). Military Initially, the Ottoman’s military unit simply consisted of several tribesmen but later became complex as the empire advanced. The whole process of modernization in the empire was initiated by
Introduction The success of an organization is dependent on the quality, timeliness, and responsiveness of decisions made by its leaders. When managers make effective decisions that respond to the prevailing challenges, their organization enjoy high competitiveness to their competitors. According to Sanchez & Mahoney, 1996, managerial roles can be classified into four main categories as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling/monitoring; efficient managers are able to effectively combine the four dimensions of management for the benefit of their organization. Organizing function of management involves putting factors of production into optimal use to attain competitiveness (Sanchez & Mahoney, 1996). This paper discusses the organizing function of management. Organizing function of management According to Robey & Sayles, 1994, firms have human, information, physical, and financial resources; it is through the resources that they are expected to take advantage of market opportunities and mitigate any risk associated with the market. To manage and take advantage of prevailing business opportunities as well as mitigate against business risks, resources need to be managed effectively. Management have the role of enacting policies and strategies that optimally utilize their resources to add value to their customers; they have the task of optimally managing resources and ensuring that maximum gain has been derived from them. Organizing function of management ensures that activities are optimally managed; processes and allocation of factors of production are managed to produce expected results. Organizations should ensure activities are well thought and coordinated for positive results and mitigate any business threats (Robey & Sayles, 1994). Van Fleet & Bedeian, 1977, suggest that leaders within an organization have the role of establishing the right channels through which their business processes should follow for the benefit of their firms. Effectively managed organizations have their resources optimally utilized and well planned to attain high results. When planning management should be in the forefront making strategies that should be followed to attain the desired result; contemporary business environment has numerous challenges that needs to be critically approached. To critically handle issues, management have the role of organizing their organisations strengths for the good of stakeholders. Organizing is an act that results to well coordinate activities; the activities are operated in such a way that they will at