ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Considered as the oldest broadcasting network in Canada, the CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) has been experiencing a considerable decline in its viewership as of late. In comparison, BBC Canada has gained a considerable viewership making it one of the top rated channels that ordinary Canadians tune into when they want to watch quality prime time programming (Canada Newswire, 1). It is based on this that this paper will investigate the reason behind the decline of CBC and the rise of BBC Canada. Isolating the Main Difference between the Networks The main reason behind the decline in CBC’s viewership as compared to BBC Canada is in the type of programming that is available on the channel. Despite the fact that channel had a considerable amount of network dominance within Canada during the early 1960s to late 1970s, the fact remains that its network lineup has focused mainly on “made in Canada” programs. In comparison, BBC Canada not only has a line-up of popular British shows but it also has several popular American TV series in its channel line-up. While “made in Canada” television programs are produced under a high standard, they are generally considered less interesting as compared to their American and British television counterparts which have proven effective in drawing millions of viewers each episode. Culture of TV Programming The reason behind the sheer popularity of American and British programs has to do with the culture of TV programming that is systemic in their respective television industries. Plot lines within many of television series show instances of dystopia, systemic violence, sarcasm, and dark humor which generate considerable level of anticipate regarding the next episode in the series (Broadcasting & Cable TV Industry Profile: Canada, 1 – 6). Examples of this range from “Breaking Bad”, which is a top rated American drama, are series to “Doctor Who”, a similarly popular British made sci-fi series. In either television program, the aforementioned plot line aspects can be seen which helps to draw audiences into the series since it features elements and personalities which are simply not seen in an ordinary person’s life. In comparison, while the quality of Canadian TV production titles is superb, the plot lines, on air personalities and even the general behavior of the cast in the series is far too “nice” in relation to the “gritty” details and actions that are often sought by television viewers (Broadcasting & Cable TV Industry Profile: Canada, 1 – 6). What Does the CBC do well in Comparison to BBC? While this paper has so far detailed the inadequacies of the CBC network, it is also essential to determine what it does well in comparison to BBC Canada. Presently, CBC does well when it comes to its sports coverage of international and local sports, its news network which is considered one of the primary news networks that local viewers tune into as well as its provision of services to remote locations that simply do not have access to cable television (Canada Newswire, 1). External Competition Un
The reason for the military conflict between the United States and Spain was the American government’s support for the Cubans’ long battle for independence from the Spanish crown. The US invasion of Cuba became evident when the USS “Maine” sank under mysterious conditions in the waters of Havana. Around the same time, in February 1898, hasty preparations for war began, while the Spaniards were accused in absentia of undermining the battleship (Mortenson & Springer, 2019). In general, one can talk about a long-term political game with Spain, in which several provocations tightened relations with the country on the eve of the war. The liberation of Cuba seemed like a financially attractive prospect for the US and provided strategic advantages. In addition, the American empire was then just gaining momentum and already had a successful experience in appropriating other territories of the Western Hemisphere (Kagan, 2019). The American government portrayed the unleashed war as a battle for the interests of Cuba and relied on the facts of human rights violations to legitimize military action. In April, a ten-week war began in which the United States defeated the Spanish army and navy. Under the Treaty of Paris in 1898, the United States gained control of the island. In 1899, the island was occupied, and a few years later, the government received permission to place naval bases. The position of the American government is technically just, but in essence, it turns out to be a less cruel form of occupation of the island. Using the facts of the oppression of the Cuban population, the United States enlisted the support of the rebel movement. It acquired the moral right to occupy the territory for its purposes.
Since the invention of the first vaccine over 200 years ago, vaccinations have tremendously alleviated the burden of infectious diseases globally, currently regarded as an outstanding medicine achievement saving millions of lives. Nevertheless, various concerns still exist among people, especially about the effectiveness and safety of serums. This paper aims at explaining the work of vaccines, describing traditional and contemporary methods used for vaccination, and determining the diseases vaccines were applied to. The paper also addresses worries people have concerning vaccines and gives specific vaccination recommendations supported by scientific evidence. Explanation Vaccinations play a critical role in protecting the human organism from numerous infections by directly affecting the immune system. A vaccine is a biological suspension of killed or weakened microorganisms, their toxins, or surface proteins, which are introduced into the body to prevent particular diseases. Specifically, it develops the active acquired immunity against a hazardous agent and encourages the immune system to assault and eliminate the pathogens. Strengthened by a vaccine, T- and B-lymphocytes, the antibody-producing cells, become sensitized and react to the hostile invaders if they ever enter the body for a long period or even the whole life (“Understanding,” 2018). In addition, vaccines can provide passive immunity by delivering lymphocytes or antibodies made by human donors or animals. It is worth noting that not only do vaccines work on an individual level, but they also safeguard the entire population by forming “community immunity” or “herd immunity.” The Types of Vaccines Presently, several types of vaccines are in use, presenting diverse strategies that decrease infection risk without harming persons. The first type is live attenuated vaccines that contain a weakened or asymptomatic form of bacteria injected into the body. Since the virus is enervated, it does not pose significant potential harm, but the immune system can memorize its antigens to attack in the future (“Understanding,” 2018). Such vaccines target such illnesses as measles, mumps, influenza, and others but should not be utilized for people with weakened immune systems. The second type is inactivated vaccines that have killed previously virulent microorganisms to teach the immune system to combat their live versions. Compared to attenuated vaccines, this type is safer and easier to store, but they are weaker and need several repeated injections (“Understanding,” 2018). Inactivated vaccines are used against dangerous diseases, including hepatitis A, polio (IPV), and rabies. Subunit vaccines comprise a fragment (a certain protein or carbohydrate) of microorganisms to induce an immune system without provoking sickness. They are employed against hepatitis B virus or human papillomavirus (HPV). In this key, conjugate vaccines work, instructing the immune system to distinguish antigens camouflaged by bacteria, specifically Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib), under suga
Introduction Motivation in the workplace is one of the most significant and central matters of concern in management. The main challenge is to find ways to motivate people to be interested in improving their performance. It is of critical importance in the hospitality sector that is directly associated with working with people. In this case, motivation is connected to developing productive strategies for enhancing customer experience not only by offering services of exceptional quality but also communication and friendliness (Ramadanty & Matinus, 2016). Being demotivated in the workplace is inseparable from the overall performance of the hospitality organization because it is the work of employees that determines whether a customer will choose it and, what is even more important, return later. Working in the hospitality sector helped to find out that the role of motivation is more critical than described in the literature. To be specific, the current occupation is the Siesta Motel in the New Market area, Auckland, New Zealand. It is a small place with 18 rooms, so there is no need for employing many people to run the motel. There are five employees in general – a manager, two full-time workers, and two part-time employees. Being an internship practicum student helped to discover that the manager fails to motivate personnel. It is complicated to conclude what is the cause of the problem – old kiwi staff or manager’s unwillingness to improve this place by driving employees’ personal development. As a result, the manager is often rude and opposes any offers focusing on improving the process at the motel that might potentially enhance visitor stay. Therefore, it is essential to conduct research that would focus on the ways to foster managers’ involvement in the work of the motel. In particular, it is planned to understand the ways that are commonly used to keep managers themselves motivated as well as create the needed atmosphere in the workplace – one making employees interested in personal development and benefitting their organization. In addition, it is as well paramount to obtain a better understanding of the perception of motivation – both manager and employee perspective – in order to come to a conclusion regarding the most effective strategies that are connected to the least significant resistance to change. To cope with the identified task, conducting a comprehensive literature review of sources focusing on motivation at the workplace and different motivation techniques is the first step of the research. It should be supplemented with a survey about motivating employees as a manager aimed at becoming aware of preferred practices and challenges faced when implementing them. In other words, this research will include two interrelated parts: a literature review for obtaining a theoretical understanding of workplace motivation and a sample survey for collecting real-life perceptions necessary for making recommendations for improving practice. The motel mentioned above will be selected as the arena for the research due to its availability. From this perspective, obtaining theoretical background and locating main management mot
The great recession that began in 2006 following the crumple of Lehman brothers, left the central bankers and superior economies in dilemma. The U.S government aggressively invented ways of curbing the devastating upshots of the depression. Among such outcomes were the disintegrations of the main financial marketplaces. Therefore, the government enacted numerous policies to curtail the vast recession (Yang 4). Sources indicate that, the policies would positively aid in diminishing the outcomes of recession. However, these guidelines would present some negative consequences to the state’s economy. This paper thus identifies the main policies enacted during that time, and explains the negative consequences emanating from such actions. A thorough examination on duty rates, in addition to “crowding out” is vital in realizing the outcomes (Dennis 2). In February 2009, legislators enacted “The American recovery and reinvestment act (ARRA) of 2009” aimed at fighting the weaknesses in the country’s economy. The act reinforced numerous roles such as provision of finances to its states. The act aided in funding the edification and the transportation divisions. According to Dennis (2), the act funded projects and assisted the poor individuals in the society. Apart from the above functions, the act highly helped relief taxes imposed on commodities thus benefiting the business people and the consumers. However, the act led to numerous negative challenges. Sources indicate that, the act would have harmful effects on the economy and especially on micro economy. Dennis anticipates a reduction in the total output as estimated by “Congressional Budget Board” (CBO) (Dennis 2). The short-term economic stimulus proposed by different entities would finally augment the total government debt. This would be due of the amplified in government outlay or returns reduction. Furthermore, during the recession session, individuals hold their wealth in a way not helpful in funding for private investment. It is probable that the increased debt would drastically lessen the amount of “productive private capital” (Dennis 2). Finally, the study suggests the “crowding out” of debt on the private ventures. According to CBO, each dollar for the arrears would “crowd out” to about a third of the total value of domestic capital (Dennis 2). Nevertheless, the CBO lacks the exact figures on the level of crowding out likely to occur in future. Therefore, while making the budget approximation, the CBO decides to incorporate both high and low levels of the crowding out. Additionally, the CBO anticipated amplification in employment opportunities but a decline in wages. The core reason behind the decline would be the inflated reduction in the GDP (Dennis 3). Furthermore, the ARRA would augment interest charges as the Federal Reserve tries to combat inflation. Although ARRA strives to counter the recession by combating the inflation levels, there exists a high possibility of its recurrence in future due to large amount of funds injected into the economy. In 2008, the U.S government endorsed “The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act” (Str
The exchange” speech” Isocrates birth time is in 436 BC prior to the Peloponnesian war which never ended until the Greek lost their independence to Macedonia at Chaeronea in 338 BC. He was well educated and he studied with the famous rhetorician Gorgias and for ten years he wrote speeches used in law courts. At around 392 BC he started teaching as a sophist. Isocrates wrote Antidosis both as a defence and as an autobiography or as a rhetorical treatise at the late age of 82 years. The literal meaning of Antidosis is the exchange.Isocrates does this work in form of a court case where he has to defend himself against a case in which he is charged with corrupting the youth. This he does by teaching them the art and creativity of speech for the sole purpose of getting advantage over their peers. Though this work is presented as an imaginary legal defence but it employs the art of speech to treatise morality and social teachings. The accusations include that his teachings to the youth are for them to speak against the courts, think for themselves and receiving money from his students. However, Isocrates is teaching the youth speech so that they can grow into leaders and better citizens of the country. He is a lifelong teacher and categorically states that the education he offered Athens is more than any monetary donation he would offer them since he is producing educated and civic minded citizens. He devoted and sacrificed his life to provide adequate rhetorical education. The education system stressed by this man was the ability to make use of language for the purpose of addressing practical problems referring them as more philosophy than rhetorics.For students to learn, they needed training of knowledge which was provided by teachers and books; also important was natural aptitude which is actually inborn and practices which are applicable and designed by teachers. Conclusion Isocrates said that a Greek is that individual who shared their common culture. He was a proponent of multiculturalism who invited the barbarians and the Greek to become part of an ethnic group. He states in the Panegyricus that Athens, as a city has surpassed other men with its power of expression and wisdom such that the pupils it produces have grown into teachers of the world and the name of Hellene has moved from a mark of origin of race to that of intelligence. Works Cited Isocrates, Panathenaicus, tr. George Norlin 12-14 .
In his book “A Survivor’s Tale,” Art Spiegelman narrates the story of his father surviving all through the Holocaust. He also talks about his relationship with the father in the book. Art as the narrator uses comic means to represent the experience of his parents. His parents were Vladek and Anja Spiegelman; they were Jews and had endured the Holocaust. Maus: A Survivor’s Tale narrates two stories; his father’s testimony as a Jew in World War II and his relations with the father throughout the interview process. Art’s narrative is graphical; it is narrated from a visual standpoint, and this has a substantial impact on the understanding of the audience of the content (Curran 70). Comics are intended to send information and produce a stunning comeback in the viewer. Art Spiegelman magnificently links the past and the present graphically to narrate his father’s surviving the Holocaust and his relations with the father. His decision to use comics was from an understanding that there is more than just putting something on paper. Every literature style tries to make the unseen be seen; the use of comics achieves this excellently. The closure is used on every page of Maus, with significant changes taking place from scene to scene. For example, there is closure in changing subjects on page twelve of Maus (VanArsdale 84). In an instance of Vladek bringing Artie into his ancient room for him to cycle, Artie asks the father about his experience in Poland and the war, and Vladek starts narrating his story. Initially, it was just still images that joined to form a continuous reality. Spiegelman is intentional in making use of panel shapes to impact our understanding of the progression of time. He decides on demonstrating his narration as simultaneous with the story desiring to be punctual, incorporated at that moment, following the story, and using small letters to symbolize smallness as a theme. Maus was aimed at those who did not experience the Holocaust but are interested in knowing what happened and how the survivors, together with their loved ones, were affected (Novalis 17). Through Maus, one can understand how much the Holocaust left deep scars in people’s hearts and how it caused the children of survivors to battle with trauma. This expands our knowledge of the event that occurred and an emotional understanding of how the war affected people psychologically. Spiegelman’s narration increases our awareness by making use of comics as a medium. Maus explains a terrible historic killing by the use of cats and mice. The horror that confronted the Jews during world war II is not a light issue; it takes courage to ponder it. Maus is not the entire story about a survivor’s story in anguish and his son. Maus by Art is intensely studied due to its comics as they contain a solid ability to tell stories and present information in the form of visuals and text (Hill and Jennifer 80). When focusing on the past experiences of Art’s father an
Frizzo et al. (2017) present an idea behind grieving women’s blogging about their child loss. They try to “explore and comprehend how this experience is related to the grief process” (Frizzo et al., 2017, p.117). This was a report on virtual ethnography from a story investigation of information acquired from i40 websites about the passing of a child, as indicated by the hypothesis proposed in the double interaction model of the grieving process. The paper does not contain any technical terms and uses simple structure in sentences. Thus, it is easy to comprehend the meaning of the study. Mako et al. (2016) state the perspectives of how patients see care. They evaluate “patients’ perceptions of the meaning of good care in inpatient surgical care” (Mako et al. 2016, p. 2). Charmaz’s grounded hypothesis was picked as the intervention plan. Interviews were directed with 13 patients from six careful wards in the south of Sweden. The study is quite detailed on the study steps and applied methods and policies. Each quote is explained with comments, making the results easy to follow. In the study by Frizzo et al. (2017), I felt empathy for the participants as they described their situation and anguish on the loss of their children. The outcomes of the second research did not come as a surprise for me as it is understandable that regular checks and long-term stay at the hospital guarantee a patient’s satisfaction. Both of the studies approached to examine the opinions and feelings of people related to specific situations. However, the first paper analyzes the blog post on the website, whereas the study by Mako et al. (2016) has interviews with patients.
Introduction College students are very often not as prepared as they thought for the unique stresses of being a college student. College classes are harder to pass, require much more homework, feature more difficult exams, and cost a lot of money if you fail. Getting through college determines the success of the rest of your life at the same time that you want more than anything to get on with your life. With all of these ideas swirling around in your head, it is very easy to become overwhelmed with stress. There is a simple way to reduce your stress levels, though, if you are willing to put in a little effort. Advice First, buy a planner. These folders come in a wide variety of sizes and styles that give you day to day and month to month pages on which you can write down when assignments are due, dates of important exams, and other class events. Just writing them down in the planner means that you don’t have to try to keep track of them in your head, which reduces the stress of trying to remember everything. If you want to get relaxed, schedule in time to work on important papers in the weeks leading up to the due date so that it doesn’t come up at the last minute. It’s OK to reschedule if your friends are throwing a killer party that night, but the important thing is that you’ve reminded yourself before it’s last-minute so you don’t have to panic to finish on time. Next, keep your area clean. If your room is full of clutter all the time, your brain has a hard time relaxing and concentrating on the important stuff. It’s constantly distracted by the clutter and this makes it difficult to stretch out your thoughts and look at them more objectively. Clean work areas mean you can get straight to work when you only have a limited amount of time to complete an assignment and you can find your keyboard when a paper needs to be written. If it’s a large project you’re working on, having a clean room means you can spread it out in your available space and feel much more productive at the end of an hour. A few seconds before you leave the room and a few minutes either in the morning or at night straightening up your mess will help you sleep better and focus more without really seeming to take anything out of your day. Finally, give yourself time each day to relax and do something that makes you smile. Some people find spending ten minutes in meditation in the morning and at night is helpful. This involves sitting somewhere quiet and comfortable and concentrating on the breath, on getting oxygen to every part of the body. The advantage of this technique is that it can be used anytime stress levels threaten, such as when sitting down to class and discovering there is a pop quiz on the chapter you skipped. Other people find fun in exercise, either by going to the gym to work out or out to the Frisbee golf course to try their luck at hitting a tree. Exercise releases a chemical agent into the brain that contributes to a greater sense of well-being, which itself is an effective agent against stress. Conclusion Many colle