ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The world of human beings cannot be imagined without the higher ideologies in each nation. In other words, the reality of both fleshy and spiritual people is accompanied by their beliefs or complex beliefs with appropriate rites and customs. Here the significance of the word “religion” is at the core of the discussion. Its origin and existence are not interesting for most believers, because people take it for granted, in fact. This assumption should be explained in detail due to suggestions of the most eminent and famous philosophers, who investigated this area of straightforward implementation of peoples’ activities. Hence, the paper is aimed at the thorough discussion of possible origins of such concept as a religion along with its applicability to various nations. First of all, it is vital to have an idea of the origin of this word. From ancient times when Latin was one of the major languages in the world the re-designated the repeated character of something; lig- is the process of connection (Molloy, 2006). Moreover, such a definition of the world is signified with the understanding of individuals to join their community. It explains why religion as the principal idea could relate to people around the main deity or deities. People are always eager to experience something supernatural in their lives. Often they related such intentions with various phenomena in nature. A divine design of everything constituted the higher participation in the creation of the universe. Thus, according to Molloy (2006), the explanation of religious thought emergence can be outlined with the assertions of German theologian Rudolf Otto, who tended to think that religion was a result of peoples’ observations about the world. They felt, saw, and experienced God everywhere. This was a reason for deeper concernment of ancient people as for making more attempts to please gods. Sacrifices were the background for gods’ mercy. Otto himself called the higher power which ancient people experienced as a “mystery that causes trembling and fascination” (Molloy, 2006, p. 7). Though the wholeness of the universe was something mysterious for people, and a mere attempt of them to personify it caused the emergence of religion as a system of appropriate attributive and other different categories which seem to be apparent in present days. This suggestion of religion’s origin and existence is grounded more on the idealistic framework about the world, on the whole. More glimpses at the essence of peoples’ beliefs as a product of constant work of mind evaluated another approach toward the existence of religion as it is. On the other hand, a symbol-based approach by Carl Gustav Jung provides a wider scope of information as to the frequent similarities of some symbols in various religions (Molloy, 2006). In this respect, the truth of such assertion is obvious when, for example, comparing the symbols of fire, water, air, sky, stone, etc. Moreover, a special touch made by Jung presupposed the explanation of symbolic coloring of the universe accomplished with deities through the concept of dreaming. In fac
Introduction Leon Golub lived between 1922 and 2004. He was a well known American painter whose paintings and portraits depicted and exposed historical events in Africa and Central America. His paintings were in form of narratives which vividly captured events happening in the real world. The paintings mainly expressed realities of power in terms of the relations between social and political spheres. Most of his portraits were largely featured in the daily newspapers as well as weekly magazines. His paintings were inspired by major faces of individuals whose names were featured in daily news and events. With the help of his paintings, Golub argued that the relationship between identity and masculinity with power and dominance is a direct one (The Irish museum of modern art para.1). In the 1980s, Golub created a Mercenaries Series which portrayed major historical conflicts in power and leadership. This essay entails an analysis of personal views on museum curators exhibited Leon Golub: Historical witness. In addition, essay takes into consideration the mercenaries series in an effort to explore Golub response to the crisis which occurred in Central America and Africa in 1980s. Discussion Golub’s approach to paintings is almost real. Having witnessed the Second World War, his paintings carry with them a historical narration. Bird (16) considers work of art from a classical point of view. He argues that past experiences influence a work of art. Golub’s paintings clearly depict past experiences through conflicts and manly aggression which are compelled in his images. As a historic artist and painter, Golub is intensely alert of the past history to his own descriptions and symbolism (The Irish museum of modern art para.3). Museum curators are selected in Golub’s paintings for exhibition because of their significance throughout history. The paintings are chronologically organized in a special way such that they can be traced to a single point in time making them suitable for the archives. Considering the fact that most of his work revolves around political power along with the habitual exploitation of power through brutality, Golub is able to portray the tyranny and lust for power that took place in the period of neo-colonialism. This is mainly attained via consideration of African history. His paintings were not portrayed as a secluded inhuman phenomenon but rather as an expression of well thought-out, frequently state-sponsored, repression and violence (The Irish museum of modern art para.5). In his series of Vietnam and mercenaries, the contrast in relationship between black and white soldiers is clearly illustrated. It depicts the racial discrimination that took during the civil in the United States. Conclusion The Mercenary Series have had a major significance to the history of the political systems of Africa and Central America at large. Golub’s contribution through artistic paintings provides viable information towards the chronological development of politics in the two continents over the years. Currently, numerous traditional references ranging from the early artistic work resurface throughout paintings of modern
The globalization of the economy can be seen as one of the objective laws of the world’s development. The collapse of previous foundations of social organizations inevitably leads to a cardinal revision of the visions of the society and the state toward education, beginning with its role and concluding with its structure and content. In countries where traditional institutions, such as community networks, play a major role, such transitions along with their effect were not sufficiently observed and analyzed. In the article “Traditional Institutions Meet the Modern World: Caste, Gender, and Schooling Choice in a Globalizing Economy” by Kaivan Munshi and Mark Rosenzweig, the authors narrowed the gap on the effect of the forces of globalization on one aspect of established patterns of traditional institutions in Bombay, India, i.e. gender career choices. An important aspect of the research was the obtained data of the education and the medium of the parents in Bombay over the last twenty years. Assessing the relation of the parents’ education on student’s choice of language of instruction in Bombay is an important aspect that visualizes the impact of globalization in shaping career patterns. In that regard, the data used in the article were analyzed using STATA to establish a relation between the independent variables, i.e. father’s- mother’s education and father’s-mother’s medium, and the dependant variable, i.e. student’s choice of language of instruction. In addition, this paper analyzes the role of gender in establishing the relation between parents and the different impacts on boys and girls. The paper states that the education and the medium of the parents affect the language of instruction choice of the students. Results of this study indicated there were statistically significant differences between parent’s education and medium and the student’s choice of instruction language, yet there was no statistically significant difference between the parent’s education and the gender of the student regarding their choice of instruction language. For student’s language of choice, the mother’s medium to affect significantly higher the student’s medium which might suggest that due to women not participating in the labor market (Munshi and Rosenzweig), they spend more time with the children affecting their choice of language. The findings of the study also suggest that the impact of the parent is identical for both genders, and as there are existing disparities in school choices between boys and girls (Munshi and Rosenzweig), it can be implied that there other factors that influence such disparity other than parent’s education and medium. In general, the study outlines the role of the parent’s in shaping the language of choice and accordingly the careers of their children, which points to the importance of their education as a factor that can be effected through the current generation. Additionally, future researchers should consider studying other
Powers delegated to medical personnel vary depending on the status of employees and their training. For patient outcomes to be positive, it is crucial to ensure appropriate interaction among all the members of the treatment process. However, the roles of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians differ, and the functions they provide have a direct impact on the outcomes of certain interventions. According to Buerhaus, DesRoches, Dittus, and Donelan (2015), NPs spend more time than doctors “providing patient and family teaching” (p. 147). Moreover, despite the qualifications of the physician staff, they are unlikely to cope with performing the procedures assigned to nurses, in particular, assistance in meeting patients’ daily needs. Also, as Buerhaus et al. (2015) note, since doctors are often involved in research activities, they cannot spend much time interacting with patients directly. Accordingly, nursing care is an important component of the care process and guarantees positive patient outcomes. The lack of effective interaction among the members of one system is fraught with not only misunderstanding but also poor treatment results. Boev and Xia (2015) argue that “nurses view collaboration as more positive and important than do physicians,” which is the relevant problem of the whole healthcare system (p. 67). The contribution of each employee is significant, and if doctors neglect the assistance of the junior staff, normal treatment conditions will not be achieved. Patients will not be able to receive valuable recommendations, and control over adherence to the treatment regimen will also be assigned to physicians. This, in turn, will divert them from their core responsibilities, and productivity indicators will decline. Each position involves the performance of certain duties; therefore, neglecting the help of NPs will not allow positive patient outcomes.
The theme of Islamic religion in the United States continues changing society and contributes to the creation of new positions, attitudes, and rules. In the report developed by the Carter Center, the authors say that the 9/11 terroristic attacks turned out to be one of the main causes of islamophobia emergence. However, although no serious threats from Muslims have been recently observed, islamophobia remains a dangerous concept today. People find it normal to share their negative attitudes toward Muslims and their rights in American society. Regarding the current coronavirus challenge and associated chaos around the globe, islamophobia could easily gain a new form of threat that should not be neglected. Anti-Muslim biases are characterized as violent and unfair treatment of the representatives of a particular community. In their report, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, the authors admit that the increase in illegal incidents and hate crime is observed. Many American Muslims are not able to jobs in the United States and cannot go to other countries because they were born here. As a result, unemployment influences the quality of their lives and the relationships they develop within their communities. In addition to social, economic, and political concerns, religious and healthcare inequalities about Muslims become evident. Although it is an individual choice of everyone how to treat this group of people, it seems to be prejudiced and unethical to use coronavirus as a discrimination excuse, as it is discussed in Ellis-Petersen and Rahman’s article about conspiracy theories against Muslims. The question of social distancing in mosques during Ramadan and the position of President Trump analyzed in one of Al Jazeera’s articles also shows how different faiths are treated. In general, islamophobia has never been an easy topic for evaluation. After the events in 2001, the United States, as well as Muslims, had to forget their previous ideologies and standards. Those attacks took many innocent lives and made survivors enemies. Unfortunately, the position of the government does not help the population to create one common attitude to Muslims today, and that is why islamophobia may become another threat to ordinary people.
The process of “internal colonization” in Britain and Ireland Internal colonization is the process by which a country manipulates a part of its territories by withholding some important resources from the territory. Great Britain is one of the major nations that had the greatest shares during the colonization period that ended in the 90 th century. The empire that is mostly referred to as the United Kingdom was made of a number of countries, including Britain, Scotland, and Ireland. The Kingdom Head Quarters are in London, Britain. Internal colonization was vibrant in Ireland as a result of the language difference. The state experienced an inadequate development plan, given that it contributed highly in terms of the taxes to the kingdom. The unequal development led to an imbalance in the economy of the two nations. The resources were taken from the Irish people and were used for the development of the British. The act of alienating Ireland in the development process brought the distinction in the collaboration. The Irish and the British people drew a line between each other. The internal colonization process became established when the British began to give orders to Ireland that threatened their relationship. Ireland retaliated by announcing that they get out of the kingdom. The ongoing alienation of Ireland in terms of economic alienation became politicized, and the Britain administration began to threaten the Irish workers. The workers were forced to work long hours, and their efforts were not adequately compensated. The Irish workers became irritated, and they revolted against the kingdom. They finally quit for a self-rule. Internal colonization has been witnessed in other parts of the world, such as the French-Algerian relationship. The role of slavery within the British Empire The British Empire is well known for the slavery activity in Africa, North America, and in the European continents. The trade that flourished until the end of the 18 th century was beneficial to the British people especially traders. The economy of the country also benefited from the trade as they had an open source of labor that had no cost. The role of slavery in the British Empire was commonly attached to the production system. The British Empire had huge tracks of land in the Caribbean colonies where sugar and tobacco were produced. The North America too was an important destination for the slaves where the American settlers used them in the production of the raw materials that were used in the British industries. Slaves were forced to work on the land, and their effort led to increasing in the production of the commodities. The British ships transported the sugar and tobacco on their return journey to Europe. The raw materials that were mostly cotton were too formed part of the commodity that goo
Introduction African American women have been involved in the civil rights struggle ever since they set foot on what has been referred to as the “New World” (Thomas 1). These women, young and old alike endured pathetic conditions as they were transported to prisons, notwithstanding the fact that they had to do the same work done by the men and suffer an added burden of sexual harassment from their slave masters. But it is the strong will to live and die for their children and the moral support they got form their families that kept these women active in African American History in the early 20 th Century (Thomas1). Main body The first half of the 20 th century is a period in which African Americans in general set up several organizations through which they would advocate for equal rights as Americans. African American women made tremendous contribution towards these organizations by forming women organizations that significantly supported the Civil Rights – black Power Movement in the struggle towards better economic and political placement for African Americans. These women organizations were formed in an effort to advance the economic, social and political conditions of the black women and the African Americans in general. In her book, “Sisters in the Struggle”, Bettye Collier – Thomas gives a beautiful analyses of the contribution that the African American women made in the Civil Rights – Black Power Movement. This she does through analyzing personal testimonies, biographical analyses as well as other basic sources such as letters, interviews and autobiographies that give accounts of the contributions of several women in the black struggle. From these sources the writer has been able to give an account of tremendous contributions that the African American women exhibited in the social protests against discrimination (Thomas 4). Articles from magazines and institutional sources have provided the biographers with good sources from which they could get individual assessment of certain women activists in the Black Power Movement. In such way, the author has been able to
This is a news article as it was issued in a digital version of a well-known daily newspaper. It addresses a highly disturbing issue of self-cyberbullying, especially among adolescents, and its potential solutions. The article is important for a better understanding of the problem and may be used for the topic’s further examination. Although you have answered provided questions correctly, there are several mistakes in your bibliography and there are several points that may be improved. First of all, according to APA style, sources are references with minor mistakes. In addition, a source may be regarded as an academic article not only if it is written by an expert but if it is published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. In her news article “Digital self-harm: What to do when kids cyberbully themselves,” Juli Fraga (2021) introduces the topic by suggesting readers imagine the situation when they notice inappropriate comments about their children on Instagram. However, instead of cyberbullying by other people, it will be found that a child wrote and posted these comments himself from a fake account. In the first sentence, I have chosen to reject a comma before the article’s title, however, it is appropriate there as well. However, I wanted to emphasize the title to focus attention on it and the whole paper connected with it. At the same time, a comma before the title could make it less significant as it was mentioned in passing and was not genuinely significant. Your explanation is highly logical and you managed to justify the expediency of commas in the first sentence. Due to them, it has become more meaningful as a reinforced experience has added more validity to your words. That I would do the same in this case. Self-cyberbullying is a highly serious, widely spread and poorly examined, and detectable digital form of self-farm typical for young people that should be properly addressed.   * Of almost 10,000 middle and high school students, in the past year, 10% of children had bullied themselves at least once, and 6% of them had done it in the past month.   * It is difficult to understand why people force themselves to deal with hurtful messages perfectly knowing what emotions and feelings they cause.   * Self-cyberbullying remains less discussed and less examined in the context of cyberbullying.   * Children, adolescents, and young adults may be regarded as the most vulnerable population groups as their psychological defensive mechanisms are undeveloped and they frequently take offensive messages highly personally. In general, digital self-harm unites and is directly connected with several modern social issues and fields of study, including adolescents’ mental health, the negative impact of social media on people’s communication and self-perception, self-harm, and cyberbullying. In this sentence, an apostrophe is used twice, and in both cases, it indicates a possessive case. It is used correctly according to the rules of the English language.
Introduction Adolescence is defined as a period between 13 and 18 years of age, effectively covering the time when a person transforms from a child into a young adult. Despite taking relatively large amounts of time, it is considered the fastest phase in terms of human development due to a great number of changes that transform a person on a physical, cognitive, emotional, and social level. In adolescence, physiological maturity often precedes psychosocial readiness to share the rights and responsibilities of adults, which often generates conflict between family members and peers. Many psychologists consider this stage to be the defining one in terms of personal development. Recognizing the unique set of needs and challenges that adolescents face requires a solid theoretical framework supported by evidence-based practice and scholarly resources. The purpose of this paper is to define the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social needs in adolescents based on the latest findings, and reviewing them through the lens of Erickson’s psychosocial theory. Physical Developments in Adolescence Physical development in adolescence is defined, first and foremost, by puberty. Puberty is a time during which the body of a child undergoes rapid growth and the beginning of sexual maturity. It continues for a period of 6 to 7 years, with all the major changes occurring in the span of the first 3-4 years (Edelman, 2014). Hormones are the primary tools that stimulate the development of reproductive organs in a child and prepare them for future life as adults. In addition, adolescents experience growth in both size and weight of their bodies, which typically ends by the age 16. Sexual changes are followed by secretion of fluids in both boys and girls. Girls experience their first cycles of menstruation, while boys experience wet dreams and involuntary release of small amounts of semen in their sleep (Edelman, 2014). Breast growth is typical to girls, who start their maturation cycle earlier than boys, who develop a sturdier frame and musculature, as nature prepares both genders for their naturally intended roles. Physical changes have a huge impact on all aspects of changes in adolescents, but primarily affect the emotional state (through hormones) and social perceptions and standing among their peers. Because there is no standard for hormonal-driven growth and physical development in adolescents, every person develops at their own distinctive rates (Edelman, 2014). Nevertheless, an overly quick or delayed spurt of growth has the potential of affecting adolescents on many levels, leading to decreased academic performance, social stigmas, and emotional myopia. Cognitive Changes in Adolescence Adolescence is considered to be the gateway