ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Wendell Berry is a talented modern writer and poet who is distinguished by his unconventional combination of occupations. What we mean, is that Berry has mastered two seemingly unrelated professions: a poet and a farmer. However, this special factor adds a unique zest to his poetry. It makes his works sincere and accessible but, by no means, primitive. As a common man, the poet successfully manages to reach the reader’s heart and to inspire the audience with his ideas. It may be vividly shown by the example of two marvelous poems by W. Berry: “The Peace of Wild Things” and “Another Descent”. The author manages to accomplish his task of reaching the reader’s soul due to resorting to one of the central themes of his poetic works: the theme of nature and the relationship of a man and the earth. In order to make the analysis versatile, we may also resort to the poem by Robert Frost who also describes the beauty of nature in his poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”. “The Peace of Wild Things” is one of the most well-known poems of the author. In the first line of the poem Berry describes the state of despair which is increasing in his soul and interfering with his quiet life. We can guess that this state of despair is caused by alienation of a man from nature. The state of despair is heightened by the figure of speech called meiosis: “the least sound” (Berry 30). The third line of the poem clearly conveys the message of the work, which is so evident that it may be compared with the cry for help. Berry says that his despair is caused by endless fear of the future of society, he is afraid that we are already separated from nature by modern civilization; what is more, he cannot even imagine what will happen to our children if they choose the way of life we are leading now. This is why we have to hurry and take immediate measures to resume our healthy relationship with nature as the author does in the fourth line of the poem. The theme of admiration of nature may be observed in the subsequent lines of the poem. The author creates the image of magnificent, immortal nature, and his immense love and worship for everything animate is evident. The author never lets in the possibility of killing or doing harm to any little part of nature. This may be proved by the following words: “I dislike the thought that some animal may be made miserable to feed me” (Peters 2). This love and respect for every animate thing is evident in the poem: “drake… in his beauty”, “great herons” (Berry 30). The animals are not food for the poet, they are his friends connected with him by natural affinity. He calls the animate nature “wild things” stressing that they may seem primitive, uncivilized, they can neither speak nor do other things that a man can do, but they are better and wiser than human beings are. They manage to live in peace, while we are constantly in a state of war with one other. Nature can teach us how to live a decent life and how to survive; we should just listen to it and follow its advice, only in that case we will be free: “I rest in the grace of the world and I am free” (Berry 30)
Introduction This project report reflects on the experience of our group on a visit to the Mount Everest. The report is developed in response to a problem seeking to determine how a team could be made to access the top of this mountain during hard times and with fewer risks. The evaluation and analysis in the report follows a four-step model developed by a novelist, Christopher John (Mallik et al, p288). The first section provides a detailed discussion of the experience I obtained from the group project and the possible factors that led to this experience. The essence of a common objective of a group (Enciso, 2010, p.7) is illustrated. The next section provides a reflection on the roles that I played in the team, how they were executed, and the factors that affected the decision making process in the group. The other section defines the other options that could be adopted and their probable consequences in relation to the group project. The last section illuminates the learning outcomes from the project. It provides a description on the skills that have been developed and the influence they will have on my relationship with others. Our team consisted of four individuals that were very well known to each other. A typical team is characterized by the presence of more than one person, a common objective and proper ways of coordination (Erdem & Polat, 2010, p.2). The individual characteristics and capabilities had been known for long and this formed the basis for assigning the individual responsibilities within the group. The small figure appeared to positively influence the success of our organization due to a possibility in making quick resolutions given the fact that the task was to reach the peak of the mountain during the difficult times. Experience Developing an effective group that can perform a particular task can be challenging, owing to the supposed diverse composition of the group. The success of the group project will depend on a number of characteristics within the team. As John Adair, the first Professor in Leadership Studies observed, creativity and innovation should be encouraged among the group members and appropriate implementation strategies laid down (Adair, 2007, p.6). The leadership skills demonstrated by the leaders, the understanding of diversity that is witnessed within the group, and the ability of the individuals members of the group to relate with each other are some of the funda
Literature Search and Evaluation The search for information relevant to the chosen topic requires an understanding of how literature is filtered and systematized. Different levels of reviews and studies allow nurses to find data that is recent, reliable and appraised by other professionals. In this search, the topic of pain assessment for cancer patients in end-of-life care was chosen. Such terms as “pain assessment,” “pain measurement,” “cancer,” and “end of life” were utilized in multiple databases. The number of results in each database was low, possibly showing that the topic could be underrepresented in recent scholarship. The search in the Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database yielded 2 results for critically appraised topics, and the studies were not close to the examined question. The process of searching for a systematic review on the Cochrane Database resulted in 3 articles, each removed from the topic’s main idea. The search for a critically appraised individual article on the ACP Journal Club produced 3 studies. Finally, CINAHL Plus showed 12 results of recent randomized control trials (RCTs). Search Results It is necessary to note that such a small number of search results may indicate a number of issues. First of all, the proposed search terms maybe not popular among authors. Second, the topic may be understudied or unmentioned in recent studies. Finally, it is possible that the problem is not represented in more refined types of literature while being present in unfiltered information. The first database that was searched, Cochrane Database, produced 3 systematic reviews. The chosen article by Henschke et al. (2013) discusses the procedure of screening patients with low-back pain to detect possible malignant growth. While this information relates to such concepts as pain assessment and it discusses the process of treating cancer patients, it does not fit the topic of the PICOT questions, which is concerned with nurses evaluating patients’ pain according to guidelines. Nevertheless, this article can be used to address the crucial role of following suggested recommendations for a higher quality of care. The search for a critically appraised topic on the Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database yielded 2 results, one of which is an article by Slade (2016) that summarizes best practices for nurses to assess the quality of palliative care. The author finds that the use of documented pain assessment techniques has improved significantly. Thus, this article may be used as a basis for proving that documented practices are needed for better care, although the information, in
Introduction This paper highlights the purpose of capital market and the difference between capital money securities and money market securities in terms of characteristics. Furthermore, the paper will discuss how supply charges went down because of the 2001 terrorist assault and the Enron financial outrage. Purpose of Capital Market By definition, capital market may be described as a bazaar that allows people and business enterprises to borrow and lend long-standing capital funds. Capital souk is an outlay that offers an ideal source of external finance. It forms an important part of a country’s financial system. According to Jordan, Miller, and Dolvin (2011), it represents all the amenities and business preparations for getting and giving out medium-term and long-standing finances. The capital market creates a room for the channeling of the savings of countless depositors into different useful avenues of investments. This strategy enables the market to attract new investors who are willing to make new funds available to business (Jordan et al., 2011). Furthermore, capital bazaar offers a method where clients and suppliers can trade securities at jointly agreeable rates. What Distinguishes Capital and Currency Bazaar Securities Capital souk and money bazaar differ in terms of their characteristics. To begin with, financial institutions, stock exchanges, companies, foreign, and local investors are often the participants in the capital market (Mishkins & Eakins, 2012). The main contributors of the money market are institutional, rather than individual investors. In terms of instruments of trade, the capital market is accustomed to equity shares, debentures, preference shares, and bonds. In the money market, the instruments of trade are trade bills, treasury statements, certificates of deposit, and commercial papers. According to Mishkins and Eakins (2012), the capital market deals with long-term and medium-term securities whereas the money market deals with short-term securities that have a maximum duration of one year. Capital market instruments are quite risky in terms of returns and repayment of the principal amount. On the other hand, money market instruments are safer because financially sound institutions issue them (Mishkins & Eakins, 2012). Explaining the Falling Stock Prices using Gordon Growth Model The Gordon growth model is a method that economists and investors use to determine the worth of a share based on a sequence of dividends whose growth rate can be described as constant. The 2001 terrorist attack led to market chaos whereby investors eng
Introduction There are very few persons who can attest to never experiencing pain in their lives, and this is mainly attributed to rare genetic defects. Nonetheless, individuals adopt different behaviors to address their pain. This paper aims to discuss the different types of pain: acute, chronic, and referred pain, and how behavior affects the course of these different kinds of pains. Pathophysiology of Acute, Chronic and Referred Pain Acute pain is attributed to the “typical and predictable neurophysiologic responses to noxious mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli” (D’arcy, 2011, p. 6). This kind of pain is time-limited and clears once the noxious stimuli are no longer present. There is a known cause of acute pain, and it is mainly attributed to trauma, medical diseases, or invasive procedures. This kind of pain is localized to the damaged area or that which is around the affected area. Chronic pain prevails for a prolonged time (3 to 6 months) beyond that expected for healing and repair. It is difficult to comprehend it because it can occur without a traceable injury, and because of its nature, it prevails as a symptom or aids in diagnosis. Referred pain occurs when pain occurs in an area far away from the affected area. More often, this kind of pain produces symptoms, in comparison to signs, because of the embryological nature of the organic tissues where this pain occurs and originates. In other words, both the affected area and that which the pain emanates are “served by nerves from the same segment of the spinal cord” (Nair & Peate, 2013, p. 442). For example, kidney stones may result in referred pain to the testes and the urinary tract, both of which have a similar embryological origin. Behavioral Factor Self-treatment of pain through over-the-counter medication is a behavioral factor that affects the general course of pain. Unfortunately, under-treatment is a common occurrence in this kind of self-treatment of pain. This ineffective treatment of pain can result in adverse effects such as the development of acute pain to chronic pain and increased anxiety, which aggravates the situation. In addition, over-the-counter drugs can interact poorly with other medications and affect the general course of pain (Maletic, Jain & Raison, 2012). According to D’arcy (2011), poor management of acute pain is a major cause of readmission into emergency departments. Pain assessment is an important practice by healthcare professionals because it helps healthcare practitioners to provide the right medication for the pain. Similarities A clear understanding of the different kinds of pain is very important so that an individual can use the right medication. Individuals should adhere to given instructions, in case of over-the-counter drugs, and clinicians’ instructions for effectiveness. Differences While using the right prescription, acute pain is manageable and can be cleared off easily. However, if the converse occurs, acute pain transforms to chronic pain, which does not respond to treatment at times. Self-prescription of treatment for referred pain can be very detrimental because the nature and origin of the pain may be
Language plays a significant role in humans’ life. It enhances humans to socialize, adapt to the environment and pass information and culture to their offspring via use of sound and written words. It also defines humans and differentiates them from other animals. There are two categories of language acquisition; first language acquisition which is a universal process that does not depend on home language and second language acquisition that relies on knowledge gained in one’s development process. However, its translation to other languages is often inaccurate. For instance, the complexity of second language acquisition involves the understanding of the child’s linguistic knowledge in order to make communication effective. In most occasions, deaf children undergo many challenges in correlating written words and sign language when reading. However, the technique used by their deaf parents and their environment contribute significantly towards the advancement of their reading skills. Among many types of language acquisition, the most common are spoken language acquisition and sign language acquisition. Padden and Ramsey argue that, “the sign language is composed of gestural units” (1998, p. 527). To justify his point, Berke (2013) also claims that this type of language acquisition involves visual performances in communicating and fingerspelling when reading. Additionally, he claims that information acquired through this method goes through three different stages before it is conveyed via gestures. Unlike in sign language, the success of spoken language depends almost entirely on phonemes. Dependence on phonemes means that a child needs to have phonemic awareness in order to pronounce words as required (Padden & Ramsey, 1998). Additionally, it is evident that spoken languages skills need to be acquired early in stage of development for person not to experience difficulties in successive stages in life (Padden, & Ramsey, 1998). Unlike in sign language skill, spoken languages skills also require early practices in order to be developed fully in an individual. According to Padden and Ramsey (1998), the hearing loss has a close connection with difficulties in reading whereas spoken language correlates with reading ability. For example, they argue that reading experience requires a child to have the potential of differentiating sounds of different letters when pronouncing written words. According to them, lack of phonemic awareness makes deaf children have troubles when reading. It is also apparent that deaf children need word identification skill, which has a close association with sound language. As a result of this, deaf children experience difficulties in connecting sign language and spoken language. It is also evident that deaf children need such skills as vocabulary and morph-syntax identification experience. In addition, they also have a deficiency in meta-cognition and prior knowledge that aid in the connection of skills in spoken language and sign language (Hermans, Knoors, Ormel, & Verhoeven, 2008). Many children a
I define a workview as the set of values, connections, relations, and rules associated with my work and activity: why to work, how to work, and which work is necessary and why. Work is an activity with clear aims and creates some value; the main aim of work is to earn money. Money is essential, enabling a rich and comfortable life; other crucial elements connected with work are personal development, work relations, work quality, and fulfillment. I think that all of these elements should be defined in a workview. In my opinion, a good and worthwhile job should benefit the working person and the world and lead to personal development and satisfaction. For example, one can be an entrepreneur and create value for themselves, society, and nature through innovative projects. Those people who love electronics can work in a cell phone repair service and repair people’s devices: they feel satisfaction from the lovely work, and people are happy that their mobile phones are working properly. Those are examples of good work: a person earns money, develops skills, and feels fulfillment; the world benefits from the entrepreneur’s projects and repaired devices, too. For me, it is crucial shaping the workview carefully and consciously: a good workview enables one to reach a high income and feel more satisfaction from work, making life better. In a workview, the work relations with an individual, society, nature are defined too. Sometimes work can be destructive: a person can burn out at work. Some kinds of work are dangerous; for example, heavy industry often contaminates nature with its wastes. Some others lead to progress: for example, the development of solar panels. I think that all dangers and possibilities of different jobs should be formulated clearly in a workview. In that way, a good workview helps people to maintain a work/life balance and make their work processes less harmful. A lifeview is the set of personal values, thoughts, and ideas associated with my life and influencing it. It explicitly or implicitly answers the questions of meaning and sense of life, who we are, and why we are here. It defines what good and evil are, states what is more and less critical. I think that a lifeview should be carefully shaped because it influences the whole being of the individual. The meaning of life varies significantly from person to person: everyone defines their lifeview on their own. One can be sure that human life has no value, while another person defines it as valuable. Some people believe in a higher power, meaning that God watches for all people’s actions, other think nature itself is sacred, and the third part of society considers themselves atheists. One is a patriot; another defines herself or himself as a citizen of the world. All of them can substantiate their positions and use them for good or evil purposes. Lifeviews vary in differen
Introduction Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Those who have multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex are vulnerable to this infection. Illicit drug users are at a higher risk than non users. This disease can affect the anus, eyes, mouth, genitals or throat. Gonorrhea can be diagnosed and treated successfully (Adam, 2011). This essay will discuss differential diagnosis related to the patient’s symptoms. The diagnostic tests, standards of care and treatment of Gonorrhea will be discussed. Case Study Miss Walker is a 27 year old female that presents to the office with complains of purulent vaginal discharge and painful urination for three days. She had been sexually involved with a male partner, Patrick for six months. They usually have unprotected vaginal intercourse three times a week. The sexual intercourse was gradually becoming painful. Miss Walker states that Patrick was also complaining of purulent urethral discharge and dysuria. She got involved in a vaginal and oral intercourse with another man last month. She also complains of a sore throat and severe pain in her lower abdomen. Miss Walker is on healthy diet and does not use illicit drugs. Her HIV & AIDS test was negative which she had taken three months ago. She had never had such symptoms before. Differential Diagnosis Gonorrhea The presence of gonorrhea infection was suspected because of the many symptoms which were present in the patient. Her explained experience of two sexual partners was the biggest risk as well as the time duration. Positive Pathophysiologic findings were the presence purulent vaginal discharge and dysuria. The patient also had a sore throat and was complaining of frequent urination. There was also burning pain while urinating. The intensifying pain during sexual intercourse and fever were also signs that she could be suffering from gonorrhea (Adam, 2011). Chlamydia In relation to her sexual behavior, it is possible she could be suffering from Chlamydia. Multiple partners increase the chances of contracting Chlamydia. Key Positive pathophysiological findings of the patient were Painful sexual intercourse and burning pain while urinating were also symptoms of Chlamydia. Chlamydia symptoms also include rectal discharge or pain and liver inflammation (Adam, 2011). Vaginal Yeast Infection Yeast infections are caused by fungus known as Candida. Positive pathophysiological findings of vaginal yeast infection are abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination, pain during intercourse and vaginal and labial itching. Yeast infection mostly develops when one is using antibiotics or during pregnancy. It is also common in those people with d