ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Superpower For several years now, the United States of America is among the first world countries in terms of industrialization, advancement in technology, and strength of the economy. It has been known as a superpower whose authority and development never ceases for long. However, in the past few years, there is an observable decline in the economy of the US. From a first-class and independent country, it is gradually stepping down the staircase of power. The formerly strong economy of the United States is currently facing a downward tendency in terms of economic strength, which has not been experienced by other countries (Heffner, 2006). In a few years or even months, the prestige of the superpower may become a second-class country from several perspectives. There are many reasons for this point of view. The first is that the country is already depending on the production of other countries. The US is not anymore capable of sustaining its own needs thus;, there are more imports in the market than products. Production is dropping low, and it is a concerning problem not just for the officials but for the nation itself as well. The selling of government and public assets is also not uncommon since there is a scarcity of funds wherein the government should take their expenses from. Aside from the skewed of import and production, another threatening aspect of the financial arena of the US is the massive debts. In order to maintain a standard of living that is currently unmanageable for most citizens. These debts may be helpful but only in a short period of time. In reality, the long-term effects of these debts are detrimental if not well taken care of by the government. The clock of the debt is ticking, and for every second, there is a net increase in the interest. The economy and the citizens are nevertheless the front-line victims of these undertakings. The public debt of the U.S. Acquiring debts is already natural for a certain country. Many countries have a debt to other countries because of some unpredictable circumstances and the likes. In the case of the United States, the primary cause of massive debt is the over funding and overspending of the government. Aside from this, the inability of the government to control the outflow of the budget is a contributing factor in this case. For the past years, the government has already accumulated about eight trillion dollars as a debt, with a quarter of it coming from external investors (Gongol, 2005). In fact, when the debts of all developing countries are added together, the debt of the US is still far greater, which makes the country the largest debtor in the world at about 277 billion dollars interest per annum (Warren, n.d.). This massive amount has been passed on from generation to generation, which made it so huge that paying for it a
Overview The videos show the manufacturing process of Chinook and Robinson aircrafts. The place where the aircraft is made is big and spacious especially for the Chinook military aircraft. The companies have equipped the staff with all the necessary resources. The manufacturing process of an aircraft involves sequential interdependence. There is therefore a lot of teamwork as the plane moves through the preparation of material, assembly, finishing, painting and testing processes. The process requires a lot of team work because the inputs of one department are used by another. All the people in these departments have to work well to ensure that the product has been designed and manufactured well. From the videos one can see that it is a well coordinated process among the workers or technicians. While the Robinson company video mainly concentrates on the design, manufacturing and testing process, the Chinook Company goes further to talk about maintenance of the aircraft and the selling strategy. The Chinook video is more in depth and even longer. From their video we learn that the customer is in the mind of the manufacturer as they design and construct the plane. The customer comes to check out the plane. Is it what he had in particular? The customer is also present in the testing process. The companies throughout the manufacturing process are concerned with the safety in use of the aircraft. The narrators in the video show the various steps that the technicians take to ensure that the aircraft material and components can sustain the aircraft activities. Both companies also mention the amount of time it takes to complete the aircrafts from the beginning process. The Robinson Company furthermore gives the time required in the particular stages. The Robinson aircraft The helicopter is a versatile machine that flies in any direction. It is able to land in the most difficult place. In the video we are able to see how the process begins till the aircraft is taken to outside for flight tests. Before even the construction of the aircraft, the designers sit down and come up with the designs of the helicopter in 3D with the help of the relevant computer software. It takes a total of 700 hours between the drying stage and the cutting of the pattern on the fiber. The Robinson helicopter is made up of carbon fiber which is a composite material lighter and stronger than steel. The material is protected by double layers of green plaster. To cut the carbon fiber the company uses a blade machine ultra sound. They use several layers of carbon fiber to make the rear view of the helicopter. They use the green light of a laser to assist them position the parts. The technician then uses a heat gun they uses a beehive web that goes to solidify the structure. However the fiber material is still soft and it has to be hardened by being washed under pressure. It is put in an oven that is 177 degrees centigrade. It stays in the oven for a period of 10 hours. After these the pieces are removed from the oven and taken to the machining area. Before using the fiber the fiber material is hit with a resonance hammer so that the technicians can detect if the
At the present stage of development, the unprecedented scale of globalization has become a matter of concern. The prevalence of the English language is one of the most discussed issues in terms of its influence on different cultures. Many scholars address the contradiction between the necessity to choose a globalized language and the urge to save the cultural diversity; they also scrutinize the mechanisms of how a language exerts an impact on people and their activities. This paper examines two articles by Boroditsky and Traves and explains the authors’ opinions about the way language design reality. In her article “How Does Our Language Shape the Way We Think?” Lera Boroditsky explores the phenomenon of language as “a uniquely human gift, central to our experience of being human” (135). It is the language that makes people who they are because perception depends on it to a large extent. As the author claims, while visual or hearing loss cannot prevent a person from having a social life, language conveys their thoughts and emotions and simultaneously constructs them. This ambiguity is thought-provoking because one can hardly tell the beginning and the end of this process apart. Thus, this correlation becomes the main idea of the article. Boroditsky emphasizes the question of whether linguistic utterances translate a part of the same information that people have or individuals pay attention to various facts and details (138). In other words, it is necessary to comprehend if all speakers, regardless of their languages, perceive the environment in the same manner and include only a small amount of it into their statements or notice different things because their language encourages them to do it. This issue is significant because it helps understand how people of different backgrounds think. The author supports the idea about the influence of language and provides vivid examples, such as the Kuuk Thaayorre and the reflection of space in their language, which prove the existence of various approaches toward space, time, colors, and objects. Boroditsky arrives at the conclusion that linguistic processes are ubiquitous because languages shape the way human beings perceive the world around them. The author’s ideas are appealing to me. In relation to globalization, this article singles out a potential challenge that refers to the natural barrier: people fundamentally tend to notice and underline different characteristics of the setting and themselves. Nevertheless, communication is possible. Language is more than vocabulary: it is a unique set of values and a certain mode of perception. In order to establish contact, one should not only learn the rules of the language but also get an insight into the way of perceiving the world. Boroditsky’s findings demonstrate that cultural education should become an integral part of the training. One should change one’s status from an outsider to an aware person. Throughout different cultures, people tend t
The work of the American architect Greg Lynn is devoted to the study of the possibilities of digital technologies in the creation of architectural projects. Developing the paradigmatic foundations of folded architecture, he has singled out the strategy of smooth mixing, which, according to Lynn, is capable of combining a new kind of non-linear architecture with topological geometry (Lynn, 2013). Digital architecture pioneer Greg Lynn has outlined the principles of shaping architectural curvilinearity that has later become the basis for other research. The theory of folded mixture, offered in 1993 by Greg Lynn, should be considered the basic architectural ideology of non-linearity. It shifted the focus of the design art of architecture from the finished object to the stage of maturation of the architectural form (Lynn, 2013). The folding theory, despite a number of its shortcomings, has become a turning point in the construction of a new vision of an object. However, in the second half of the 1990s, while mastering digital technologies, new theories appeared that entered into a dispute with the concept of the fold. In Architectural Curvilinearity: The Folded, the Pliant and the Supple, Lynn offers to master two concepts, smoothness and flexibility. They align the new strategy of architecture with topological geometry and therefore connect it with the catastrophe theory (Lynn, 2013). So, the strategy of smooth mixing consists of imposing a homogeneous network on a heterogeneous base. In other words, it is a mixture of various kinds of structures and forms to generate new objects that are potentially possible for implementation. The architecture of the last decade of the 20th century focused on new, super-powerful computer technology, and demonstrated a striving for an unprecedented, essentially avant-garde breakthrough in the field of shaping. Any previously unthinkable form, for example, curvilinear, is now relatively easy to calculate by a computer. The variety and uniqueness of elements cease to be an obstacle for construction products based on new technologies. Architectural objects and installations that unfold in a virtual space that is not subject to the laws of gravity lead to the idea of a completely relaxed form. Reference Lynn, G. (2013). Architectural curvilinearity: The folded, the pliant and the supple. Constructing a New Agenda. Architectural Theory 1993-2009, 30-62.
Introduction Violent behaviors have not been a rare case throughout the history of the mankind. Thinking of the most memorable acts of violence one may recall different forms of victimization and oppression, wars, riots, smaller and greater armed conflicts, riots, and discrimination against various groups of the population. In fact, Bloom notes that unsuccessful attempts and failures to manage and minimize the acts of violence are common cases in the human history of the past and present (vii). Violent actions have been either ignored by the people at power or responded with even more cruel practices (Bloom vii). The contemporary world is characterized by a multitude of forms of violence many of which are dealt with and addressed in more effective ways than in the past; however, this does not help to eliminate violence completely. As a result, acts of violence have massive impacts on many spheres of individual lives and the life of the society overall. Violence affects the individuals and societies by means of creating risks, criminal behaviors, and deviance (Akers, Potter, and Hill n. p.). Acts of violence may disrupt personal as well as professional lives of people. Namely, one of the forms that tend to produce a massive negative effect on the careers is workplace violence. Moreover, healthcare is one of the career fields where workplace violence is rather common (OSHA 1). This paper will explore violence as a phenomenon of social, personal, and professional type, and focus on its impacts in terms of the healthcare context in a form of workplace violence against the healthcare professionals. Definition of Violence When it comes to the provision of an accurate definition of violence as a social phenomenon and a term, it is best to consult the official governmental sources such as the US Code. As defined in Title 16, a crime of violence is: “(a) an offense that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of another, or (b) any other offense that is a felony and that, by its nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing the offense” (US Code15). The definition given above is highly practical in terms of law and criminology; it views violent behaviors as legally punishable actions that result in harm caused to one or more individuals and thus must be addressed and monitored by the law enforcement services. The protection of the
The introduction Some basic points While discussing modernization and democracy as well as their interdependence, it is necessary to consider the fundamentals of both issues in detail. First of all, it should be pointed out that modernization theory is considered to be extremely important for the processes of democratization. As far as politics and modernization are recognized to be closely interdependent issues, one can probably make a conclusion that certain changes in the developing world were caused by interaction of the issues of discussion. The thesis statement In order to understand modernization-democracy link, the advantages and disadvantages concerning the issues’ interdependence, it is necessary to analyze the reasons of the processes of modernization and the ways they transformed democratic prospects. Modernization and democracy as separate units Modernization is mostly associated with a model of social evolutionism, which main purpose is to transform certain issues (political, social, etc.) from traditional to advanced, improved or modern. When speaking about the meaning of democracy, there is a need to point out that there are four aspects of the term, which must be taken into consideration. For instance, one is to remember that the term is associated with collective decision making; therefore, the kind of equality among supporters of the political unit can be regarded as one of the characteristic features of democracy. The fact that there are many various kinds of groups, which can be regarded as democratic is another important aspect democracy is based on. In other words, there can be “democracy in families, voluntary organizations, economic firms, as well as states and transnational and global organizations” (Christiano, 2006, para. 3). It is also important to remember that there are no normative questions democracy can be associated with. Finally, the equality in democracy is considered to be a relative issue. The body Does modernization require democracy? Generally, it must be noted that the impact of modernization on the democratic prospects should be regarded rather ambiguously, as the distorted nature of various political processes cannot provide us with a reliable understanding of democracy development in different parts of the world. Taking into account the fact that modernization theory is based on certain cultural values, one is to keep in mind that some democratic values seem to be of the same origin; thus, modernization and democracy involve some common variables, which are connected. In other words, it is obvious that causal linkages between modernization processes and democratic ones exist for a long time. Grigore Pop-Eleches (2009) highlights the interdependence between the issues and states that “modernization theory has recently made an unexpected comeback as an explanation of cross-national regime patterns, as several statistically sophisticated approaches have assessed the impact of socio-economic development on the initiation and survival of democracy” (p. 1). In my opinion, the processes of modernization are to be based on strong democratic princ
Abstract Hypoglycemia is a condition of blood glucose deficit that occurs in association with type 1 diabetes in most cases. This disorder is believed to be manifested by several clinical signs. Infants and children are more susceptible to this illness, although significant proportions of adults are affected. It occurs when blood sugar levels typically achieve a low concentration range of 40-70 mg/dL in contrast to the normal range of 70-150 mg/dL. Extreme low birth weight and the associated neurological complaints are reportedly connected to morbidity in pediatric cases. Gastroenteritis or diarrheal illness in young children and drug induced adverse reactions in adults are connected to hypoglycemia. There is a need to review about the available prevention strategies of hypoglycemia. Biomedical databases were searched to retrieve pertinent literature on hypoglycemia. Articles other that English were excluded. Conventional glucose tests that require fasting blood, urine and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are some of the well known methods. Other tests may include determination of c-peptide and microalbumins. Since hypoglycemia is reported to occur in diabetic individuals, they are the prime suspects of complications that pose a relevant threat. Experiments have been carried out largely on these groups of patients. Several reliable approaches with better implications have been identified. These comprise real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) for controlling frequent glucose fluctuation. islet cell transplantation, for restoring the awareness of hypoglycemia and, lowering the incidence of type 1 diabetes, and the combination of drug Pramlinitide and insulin therapy for reducing the incidence of hypoglycemia and controlling postprandial blood glucose fluctuations. It seems that hypoglycemia has potential treatment strategies due to its association with the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus. Hence, it is reasonable to consider hypoglycemia as one of the important clinical conditions and emphasize on the reliable treatment practices. Discussion Metabolic disorders have become a serious health concern worldwide due to their life threatening complications that may start during the childhood and continue till the old age. The present description deals with a disorder known as Hypoglycemia that induces metabolic defects. It is an abnormal condition that occurs due to a fall in the glucose levels from the normal range of 70-150 mg/dL or 3.9 -7.8 mmol/L.The values mostly considered during clinical conditions are typically below 40, 50, 60, or 70 mg/dL. Hence, this disorder is better regarded as low blood sugar.The clinical symptoms of this disorder are hunger, shakiness, dizziness, confusion, difficulty in speaking and anxiety. It was widely believed that hypoglycemia occurs usually as a side effect of diabetic drugs. Therefore there is a need to connect this description with diabetes. It was reported th
Introduction The novel “Afterlands” was published in 2005 in Canada. The author of this book is Steven Heighton, who is known as a poet and a short story writer. This book got public recognition and was translated into several languages, so it is really worthy of reading. The reader of this story can feel the emotions of the author and maybe even a piece of his heart because this novel shows the adventurous character of Steven Heighton and his admiration as to the events in the story which he described during 406 pages. Main text Afterlands is the story which opens its readers a dangerous and an interesting world of adventures in Polaris expedition. This novel is a combination of love and hatred, trust and treachery. It transfers us to another atmosphere where you become one of the characters and live their lives. This historical voyage happened in 1871 and involved the participation of nineteen people who were separated from their ship and had to do their best to survive and overcome all the difficulties. Describing the characters of the novel Steven Heighton made all of the individuals and with definite peculiar features. The protagonists of the story are: Roland Kruger who is a sailor of German birth with quite calm traits of character, he is a resistant and a strong-willed person; lieutenant George Tyson – his Yankee commander, the ranking officer who is always in the center of the events. George Tyson had some peculiar wrong instincts but got used to trust them a lot. Kruger’s wife Tukulito is also a member of the crew. I can say that the author stresses the significant role of the Hannah (Tukulito), who makes the story more emotional and without whom this expedition would have never been so thrilling, intricate and designing. The author provides a reader with a charming description of Hannah: “…her cheeks are always ruddy, red on brown. That vital blush and the strength of life in her eyes cancel out her plainness. She moves with a simple grace of purpose; she’s one of those who perfectly fill whatever space they occupy. For some time after you speak with her, her features will return to your mind in clear flashes.” The conflict between Roland Kruger and George Tyson is filled with suffering and inner nervousness of the involved characters. Hannah, who has never been the center of love affairs, feels inconvenience and embarrassment. This situation is unusual for her and she cannot understand her feelings and emotions, in what way she has to react and how to behave. The situation is so intricate that it is difficult to catch the thoughts of all the heroes. “This man suffers so without his wife… and his situation here is so difficult. You should comfort him some night. Maybe tonight, when I’m asleep again.” (Roland Kruger tries to offer his wife to devote some of her time to George Tyson) But this humor of Hannah’s husband is far above understanding for her: “It’s not my custom. We are married, church marr