ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Classic literature is still widely recognized today in academic spheres especially in literature. Most of the artists in Europe during the renaissance period expressed their feelings and attitudes toward what was happening in their society by writing articles, narratives, poems, and plays. William Shakespeare is one of those scholars whose works received a wider audience and he gained a lot of respect and popularity. He was popularly known as the “Bard of Avon” and he wrote poems, plays, sonnets and narratives. From 1589 to 1613 he produced a lot of literature works and most of his plays were touching on historical events of the time and some were largely based on comedy. He did most of his performances in large theaters in London which attracted kings and other prominent people in the society. His works were translated into many languages and his plays have been acted in very many occasions even today (Donne 15). John Donne is another popular artist who participated in writing classic literature. It is believed that he was born and raised in England. He was a catholic priest and at the same time he participated in writing various literature materials. He came to be known as one of the most prolific writers of “metaphysical poems” (Ricks and Burrow 22). He also wrote several sonnets and other literature works, which gained much reputation just like Shakespeare’s. This was because of his unique language and poetic devices which were more interesting than those of the other artists. His literature works are still enjoyed by many people today (Herbert 24). This paper seeks to make a comparison of “John Donne’s and Shakespeare’s sonnets”. Definition of a Sonnet A sonnet can be defined as “a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter–that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable, as in: ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?’” (Ricks and B
Introduction Peanut butter and jelly sandwich is a popular delicacy for most Americans. Often, it is served as a snack or lunch. Therefore, understanding how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich is crucial to making a delicacy for children and adults. Though a peanut butter and jelly sandwich is a common delicacy, its proper preparation is go-to comfort food. Furthermore, preparing peanut butter and jelly sandwich is an important nutritional necessity and part of an easy to follow process task. This paper shows the required materials and appropriate steps to be followed while preparing the sandwich Materials   * American sandwich bread (two slices per sandwich)   * Peanut butter   * Grape jelly or jam   * Butter knife   * Sandwich plate   * Cookie-cutter or sandwich cutter Steps Step One Collect all the required materials Step Two Place all the materials on a clean table Step Three Open the grape jelly jar Step Four Unload the two slices of bread out of their package. Using a cookie cutter or sandwich cutter, cut the dry crust off the two slices of bread Step Five Using the knife, smear jelly on one piece of bread and spread it to all corners of the slice as shown below Step Six Open the peanut butter jar Step Seven Using the knife, smear the peanut butter on the other slice of bread so that the entire bread is covered in the peanut. If the peanut butter starts tearing up the bread, it is important to stir the peanut butter before taking step seven. This procedure loosens up the mix and minimizes any chances of the peanut butter holding up as a glob. In addition, if the peanut butter is dotted with peanuts, it is important o put it in a microwave for about 20 minutes before smearing it on the bread so that it spreads like butter. Step Eight Attach the peanut butter smeared loaf and the jelly smeared loaf together in perfect synchrony as shown below Step Nine Place the two slices of bread on a plate and clear any mess that may have been left on the table Step Ten Freeze the sandwich so that it is thawed and slightly chilled before consumption. This procedure ensures there is less tearing of the sandwich during consumption. Conclusion From the above simple steps, clearly, making frozen peanut butter and jelly sandwich is a simple process. However, it should be observed that, if there is anybody in the house who suffers allergic reactions from consuming peanut butter, one knife should not be used to smear the jelly and peanut butter. Also during consumption, a napkin may be used if the peanut butter and jelly has been smeared excessively such that it oozes from the edges of the sandwich. Furthermore, if the sandwich is to be stored for future consumption, the peanut butter slice should be below the jam-smeared slice because the jelly may soak the sandwich and create a mess. If the sandwich is stored with the peanut slice on top, the peanut acts as an insulator to prevent the sandwich from soaking with jelly. These steps should therefore be considered during the entire preparation process. If any challenges are encountered, it is important
Introduction The economy is neither an isolated nor an independent area of human activity but an interrelated one with others such as politics. That is why professional economists must develop an understanding of how events outside the economy affect a country’s economic climate. This paper aims to review three news articles and explain how they relate to Russia’s various current economic indicators discussed in previous works. Navalny’s Poisoning, Ruble’s Exchange Rate, Russia’s Exports, and Economic Growth One of the more recent news articles selected for this research is Alexei Navalny: the US sanctions Russian officials over the nerve-agent attack by The Associated Press. The authors describe the sanctions imposed by the Biden administration against supporters and friends of Vladimir Putin in response to the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny (Associated Press, 2021). The Associated Press also mentions similar European Union (US) sanctions and cites expert opinions. They note that the measures taken are too lenient and will not change President Putin’s political course (Associated Press, 2021). The bottom line is that the previous sanctions had a significant negative impact on the ruble’s exchange rate, which caused it to decline. Moreover, the individuals against whom sanctions were imposed are not only political figures but also major Russian businesspeople. Therefore, new sanctions could close some export channels and trade opportunities for the Russian Federation. Both of these factors could slow down Russia’s economic growth. United States (US) Foreign Policy and Russia and China Trading Partnership Another article is Sen. Deb Fischer: Russia, China nuclear threats – US must do this to face range of modern challenges by Sen. Deb Fischer. She describes “the New START nuclear arms control treaty between the United States and Russia” (Fischer, 2021, para. 1). The writer also analyzes the nuclear weapons policy of the two nations and China (Fischer, 2021). The article is essential for understanding why China has replaced Germany as the leading trading partner of RF over the past decade. Both countries are geopolitical competitors to the US (Fischer, 2021). Slowly mounting tensions between the three countries have forced Russia and China to develop and strengthen diplomatic and economic ties to effectively counter the US and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The extension of the anti-nuclear weapons agreement will probably improve the US and RF dialogue, but it will not end the geopolitical confrontation. One should expect further development of the Chinese-Ru
Introduction For the contemporary companies, the current global business environment is complex and with a myriad of challenges when it comes to maintaining production and continued market relevance (Adner 2006). Product innovation is increasingly becoming a driving factor for promoting product development and marketing. For any company aspiring to maneuver, embracing various innovative ideas in making new, or improving the existing products is nowadays a demanding task. Fisk (2014) postulates that innovation nowadays determines whether a product will successfully clinch the higher market tier or fail. Giant companies that compete on the global scale are facing even tougher demands to continually embrace new business innovations or improve their existing innovations (Garcia & Calantone 2002). Such perceptions explain why the automobile, mobile phone, and the computer companies are relentlessly searching for the modern innovations. Given such presumptions, this essay analyses the Intel Core I 7-5000 series processor to examine its product innovation ideas. Overview of the Intel Core I 7 Computer Processors Intel Corporation is an American advanced computer-technology company that has invested in making innovative computer hardware systems that suit the users of the 21 st century (Santa-Clara 2003). The computer technology has evolved from the first generation, to the fourth and the fifth generat
Introduction Psychology is a wide area of study that seeks to explain and understand the behavior, emotions, and thoughts of people. It also seeks to understand the areas that trouble human life; these include our everyday life and our health. Traumatic incidences interfere with people’s health. Psychologists, therefore, try to help people cope with these incidences and be in a position to have their life back. Arguments presented in the article The article tries to analyze the effects of external forces on a person’s memory. It suggests that external forces do have an impact on someone’s memory and the ability to recollect events. Psychologists can be in a position to help their patients recall something that they seem not to know about. The article further suggests ways in which external forces influence one’s memory in that what people get from others as true can influence how that person recalls the events. For instance, if a person is told by the mother about a certain incident that happened during childhood, he/she will tend to believe it, even if it is not true. This is one example of external forces and how memory is affected by external forces. A Person’s imagination can also affect his/her ability to remember. People tend to imagine things and with time believe that whatever they imagined is true. Certain assumptions are put forward in the article. It is assumed that our imagination can help us construct positive memories. For instance, a child who was sexually abused is told to let her imagination run wild. This is supposed to help her remember the incident. She is even supposed to imagine who the likely perpetrator is. When one imagines something, he/she tends to believe it. This imagination tends to increase the confidence that the said action happened. Imagination makes the events more familiar to that person. This situation assumes that imagination helps one to remember some of the hidden memories that people have. It is also implied that false memories can be planted in a person’s memory. That is where a person can be led to believe that something happened during childhood. This becomes very difficult for the person to differentiate between false memories and the actual things
Schilling, E. A., Aseltine, R. H., Jr., & James, A. (2016). The SOS suicide prevention program: Further evidence of efficacy and effectiveness. Prevention Science, 17 (2), 157–166. This study evaluated the Signs of Suicide (SOS) prevention program in reducing suicide attempts among the youth using a rigorous design. The proposed article first notes that adolescent suicide is a leading risk of high mortality among teenagers and suicidal behavior later in life. The authors claim that SOS is a useful school-based intervention for identifying depressive symptoms and abnormal responses to stress. Consequently, the program can help teach students how to recognize suicide risk and receive help if the self-assessment score is high. Previous SOS assessments have involved post-tests only with no comparison to baseline. As a result, this study included a pre-test in order to compare the intervention and control before and after the program. Basically, the research approach of the study is as follows:   * 1,575 ethnically diverse students (ninth grade) in 17 Connecticut high schools implementing the SOS program (Schilling et al., 2016).   * A pre-test assessment and a post-test survey was administered on the students after completing a 3-month SOS program.   * The intervention and control group were randomly assigned four schools each in the 2008-2009 academic year.   * The duration and number of sessions are not reported in the study.   * Data analysis involved a regression model to determine how SOS affected suicide outcomes. The authors covered many topics, including:   * Goals and implementation of SOS programs in a school setup.   * Self-assessment procedures and individual scores for which help is indicated.   * The methodological rigor required and standards for evaluating the efficacy of SOS.   * Effectiveness of pre-tests and post-tests in comparing intervention and control groups. Comparing the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores, the researchers conclude that SOS decreases suicide attempts in high-risk students. It also enhances their understanding and detection of depressive symptoms and promotes help-seeking behavior in depressed individuals or on behalf of their friends. Additionally, the rate of suicide attempts is significantly lower in SOS participants three months after the program than those who do not receive the intervention. Thorn, P., Hill, N. T. M, Lamblin, M., Teh, Z., Battersby-Coulter, R., Rice, S., Bendall, S., Gibson, K. L., Finlay, S. M., Blandon, R., de Souza, L., West, A., Cooksey, A., Sciglitano, J., Goodrich, S., & Robinson, J. (2020). Developing a suicide prevention social media campaign with young people (the #chatsafe project): Co-design approach. JMIR Mental Health, 7 (5), e17520. This study assessed young people’
Introduction Euthanasia is a contradictory issue from an ethical point of view because it is difficult to say for sure whether it is morally right to assist a person, whose death is foreseeable, in dying. In this essay, I will argue that even though life is highly valuable and killing is morally wrong, euthanasia is morally permissible if it is administered to terminally ill patients according to their will. I will prove it by showing that depriving terminally ill people of euthanasia leads to unhappiness and the infringement of autonomy, as well as an impossibility of dying with dignity. I will argue that the prohibition of euthanasia contradicts utilitarianism and the principle of quality of life in particular, and can hardly be supported by paternalism since the ban does not benefit an individual’s life. Defining Euthanasia To support my position on euthanasia, I chose to analyze the case of Rodriguez v. Attorney General of British Columbia . The appellant was Sue Rodriguez, a terminally ill middle-aged woman, who appealed to the court to get permission for euthanasia but lost the case. However, before proceeding to the analysis of the case, I will define the key term of the paper. Generally, euthanasia means a quick and painless killing of a person with the purpose of relieving his or her sufferings. There are different kinds of euthanasia, depending on an individual’s willingness and awareness of undergoing it and the way it is administered. Voluntary euthanasia is conducted with a person’s informed consent, while involuntary one is performed under coercion. Nonvoluntary euthanasia is administered to people who cannot make decisions for themselves, for example, comatose patients; in this case, their proxies decide for them. Further, active euthanasia means killing patients by giving them special medications, while passive euthanasia is the discontinuation or non-commencement of life-supporting treatment. In the Canadian Criminal Code , the term “medical assistance in dying (MAID)” is used to refer to euthanasia. In this paper, I will utilize the term euthanasia to mean active voluntary euthanasia because it was the matter at stake in Rodriguez v. British Columbia . Utilitarianism and Quality of Life The first philosophical issue at stake in the presented case is the value of life. To determine the relationship between euthanasia and life value, one should explore the utilitarian theory. According to utilitarianism, morally right actions are those, which bring people happiness and pleasure. If an action increases unhappiness and pain, it is considered wrong. Utilitarianism is closely related to the principle of quality of life. In accordance with this principle, the value of life is not constant; it depends on the amount of happiness and positive experiences that m
Outline The occurrence of criminal activities can be explained in terms of the age in which high rates of crime commission are experienced. In this case, mid-adolescence is the age where most young people engage in criminal activities but it tends to decline as they approach early adulthood. This behaviour as well as its trend is explained through a number of theories including structural theory. Structural theories show various ways in which young people develop deviant behaviour during their adolescence and in some cases before adolescence which declines later in life at the time when they approach early adulthood. Introduction Extensive studies in Australia, as well as other overseas jurisdictions, shows that the age bracket at which most criminal activities take place is from mid-adolescence all the way to early adulthood. Young people in this category have been found to dominate the crime arena whose reasons can be explained by structural theories. Basis theory which concerns itself with routine activities is one of the structural theories that explain this situation of the relationship between youths and crime. Basis theory takes into account several factors that influence deviant behaviour in youths as well as their implications in society. Among the influential factors is the availability of potential criminals in the age bracket of adolescence and youths approaching adulthood. Other factors include the availability of opportunities in which youths commit a crime and the reduction of surveillance. Of the three major factors outlined by basis theory, opportunities availability is the most determinant factor of crime commission among the youths as lack of jobs makes them engage in criminal activities in order to sustain themselves. Also, the rebellious feeling experienced by adolescents drives them to engage in criminal activities from which they get pleasure. (Hickey, 2003) Structural Theory According to (Colvin, 2008), the basic theory which focuses on routine activities experienced in criminology is a structural theory used in explanations of criminal behaviour among young people. This theory argues that there are basic factors that can be used to explain the relationship between criminal activities and the youth. The presence of potential criminals is one of them who in this case are the youth in the age bracket between middle adolescence and the stage of approaching adulthood. Basis theory outlines the next factor to be opportunities for criminal activities which attracts the youth to the crime commission. It argues that, if there are no criminal opportunities, potential criminals cannot accomplish their mission of committing crimes. The third factor is the situation where surveillance is absent giving opportunities for crime commission. The presence of potential criminals is explained by demographic irregularities where public policy has fai
Based on the Model of Primary Leadership Skills, Theo’s primary skills were administrative skills (“Developing leadership skills,” 2015). When working as a volunteer coordinator, Theo has successfully managed people and resources when organizing volunteers, making staff fulfillment, and other administrative tasks. He showed his technical competence that highlighted that administrative core skills are the strongest for him. Theo is weakest in several areas, including being socially perceptive and showing emotional intelligence that lie in conceptual and interpersonal spheres. Theo was more successful in the role of manager of the new facility’s development than he was as the operations director because he needed to lead various groups of people that would help him to design and build the shelter. Theo had to rely on others to achieve a common goal and support other people to make better decisions. In contrast, in the role of operations director, Theo thought that he should do everything on his own; and it was his responsibility to accomplish all operational tasks that led to his inability to fulfill all directions. The first time, Linda thought that Theo would be a good operations manager because he could manage resources efficiently; he was given an opportunity to make his own decisions and be autonomous. Theo was introducing and implementing self-made plans and managed procedures successfully when getting things done. Further, when executing the facility’s development, Theo developed the areas of conceptual and interpersonal skills, including strategic planning, problem-solving, managing interpersonal conflicts because he had to manage various stakeholders. Theo has developed the expertise in leading others and encouraging them, making their autonomous decisions for further development that made Linda think Theo would be a good CEO. In my view, Theo’s emotional intelligence has developed substantially during his career. Initially, Theo was hired because he knew empathetically what is like to leave on streets that matched with an experience that other members of the shelter had. When being the operations manager, Theo was more focused on his goals and was not able to hear employees’ concerns, which worsened his emotional perception. After that, during the management of the facility, Theo’s emotional intelligence was enhanced significantly because he had to balance the views of all involved people and ensure that they work together well, reducing conflicts and managing a vision.
Upper management asks you for advice on how to improve the food safety and quality control situation at Delectables. What would you advise? In business, ethics is taken in three important contexts. First, ethics is concerned with not breaking work-related regulations and laws, in which case, would be interpreted as criminal. Second, is to avoid any activities or rather actions that would result into the filing of law suits against a business organization. Lastly, ethics requires that employees and the management of business organizations act in a way that promotes the image of the business organization and not otherwise (Fieser). Therefore, lack of business ethics in a business organization or company can result to severe consequences for the company or business organization in question. It is the lack of ethics that is the root cause of the tribulations of Georgia’s Delectable food products manufacturing company. Both the senior management and the c