ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The twentieth century economic crisis was one of the worst catastrophes in the world. Many states and corporations never emerged winners meaning that their positions in the international system were affected in one way or another. Even though the economic disaster was injurious, few Canadians were affected. The author of ‘Breadwinning Daughters’ examines that women played a major role in containing the 1930s financial situation in Canada. The writer observes that women played a big part in reproving the problem by working hard to provide for their families. The Great Depression never destabilized the Canadian society. The writer introduces his arguments by conducting a research where she interviewed several women as regards to their activities during that time. She interrogates women concerning their roles in home and workplaces, as well as other social places such as dancing halls. In this inspiring account, the writer claims that women were fully responsible for their families implying that they provided basic needs including other important services. Family economies depended squarely on women. Furthermore, women sustained the country’s economy since they could engage in small-scale businesses despite the fact that the economy was unfavorable. The writer wants to send a message that cultural values and societal structure shapes the roles of women in any given community. Women are not free in society since they mostly rely on men for most of services. Women again are not strong economically and politically, a situation that disposes them to subordination. Breadwinning Daughters unearths previously neglected and unstudied incidents and points up how women established various ways to discu
Should Restaurants Increase Their Price instead of Tipping? Tipping refers to the generous act of optional kindness that a customer sometimes provides to the server. The act usually involves the payment of some money to the waiter for the warm services received. Even though the habit is voluntary, many restaurants are on the move to increase the prices of the products to improve their profits and client wages (Ferro, 2013). The restaurant management’s main plan is to compensate their team for the loss of the tips that are not provided by the perceived ungenerous consumers. Nevertheless, research studies have continued to prove several negative effects of the escalated prices based on the lost tipping despite the move. This paper aims to argue whether restaurants should increase their prices instead of tipping. The paper will explore the effects of tipping on the overall performance of hotels as well as provide the right recommendations on the best strategies to adopt. Increasing prices based on tipping always makes most of the eateries to reduce the wages of the serves. According to the research studies, it was noted that most business managers often feel that waiters gain a lot of money through tipping (Dunn, 2013). Consequently, they often feel that the best way to compensate for the undeserved wages is through giving the service providers minimum wages. This trend usually makes most members, such as cooks, dishwashers, and supervisors, to end up earning very little compared to their serving colleagues. Especially since it is illegal for the managers to pools these tips and distribute them among the employees. If not monitored, the trend is most likely to result in a high level of employee turnover and a reduced level of production among the key members of the institution. Hence, no single institution should work to encourage the move in their setup. Research studies indicate that tipping lacks the price value of the services or goods provided in an institution. For a long time, most customers have continued to complain when they cannot substantiate the prices of the amenities and the value (Dunn, 2013). In most cases, these customers often feel that the institution is extorting their funds, yet they do not receive the best social amenities. For example, a 20% increase in the products’ prices is most likely to result in many customers withdrawing from using the hotel’s services (Lee et al., 2018). In most cases, it is not easy to prove to the customers that the price increase had been made due to the tip. Furthermore, the unnecessary increase in charges often makes most institutions fail to adjust to economic demand’s possible margins. Therefore, the ultimate lack of value on the product or services clearly suggests that eateries should not increase the amenities’ prices. Research studies suggest that increased charges instead of
Sources of Financing Business financing has become a challenge for those aspiring to expand an existing business or start a business. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review the sources of funding options available for the nonprofit Texas Religious Music Promotion Company. Besides, the treatise explores cost aspects of each source of business financing and the importance of financial planning. Internal Sources The internal financing options available for the company include personal sources such as retained profits and share capital. Basically, the retained profit is the funds generated by the initial business when it profitably trades. Considering the duration that the company has taken, the shared profits will substantially contribute to the funding for the Texas Religious Music Promotion Company. Reflectively, retained profits is necessary is financing further expansion of the company since the business has the potential of making consistent sales. Besides, the company has the option of acquiring funding from the share capital which has been the main source of funding for the start up (Vance, 2003). Through share capital, the owner will be in a position to retain full control and ownership of the company, especially if he or she is the sole contributor. External Funding Sources Among the most viable external funding sources available for the Texas Religious Music Promotion Company include loan capital in the form of bank overdraft or bank loan, engaging external investors and convincing business angels to be part of the company. Bank loan/Overdraft Under a bank loan option, the company will be in a position to receive funding that is fixed over a period of time. The lo
According to Iris Marion Young, America is not prepared to talk about oppression. Young said that it is wrong to believe that oppression is not as relevant today as it was when slavery was still legal in many parts of the world. It presently reveals itself wearing five masks: exploitation; marginalization; powerlessness; cultural imperialism; and violence. The only way to deal with oppression is to view a person not only as a member of a particular group but as an individual. One way to change the perspective of people is through the use of art as communication devices. Thus, it is imperative to consider the value of community-based art education program to help those who are oppressed. Social Group Young was able to illustrate why oppression is possible in the 21 st century. She said that it is due to how people categorize individuals into different groups. Young clarified that her use of the term social group is different from the way politicians and social scientists view social groups. In a conventional method of categorizing people, they are given labels like religion and ethnic background. But Young said that it should be more refined than that. Once Young was able to identify the social groups that are targets of oppression, it is easy to make the recommendation that “eliminating oppression thus requires eliminating groups … people should be treated as individuals” (Young, p.41). However, Young was quick to admit that groups cannot be abolished for it is a natural part of human existence. Thus, she provided an alternative solution, “not the melting away of difference, but institutions that promote the reproduction of and respect for group differences without oppression” (Young, p.41). With this in mind, it is now possible to identify various forms of oppression and how to develop a CBAE program that can be effective in creating awareness of problems and empowering victims of oppression. The Faces of Oppression Exploitation can be interpreted in different ways, but according to the theoretical framework developed by Young, exploitation is when someone benefits from another person’s labor and sacrifice. It is true that the work of an individual benefits someone other than self but in this case the transfer of monetary income and other benefits to another person or group is unfair. Marginalization is an exclusion. It can be a deliberate form of exclusion wherein the state sanctions the participation of a particular group. But in most cases, marginalization is done indirectly. Marginalization is wrong in so many levels because it is a form of oppression that can systematically destroy people’s lives by barring access to opportunities. When it comes to the powerless, Young clarified her point by saying, “this powerless status is perhaps best described negatively: the powerless lack the authority, status, and sense of self that professionals tend to have” (p.57). This type of oppression contrasts heavily to the more abstract form of cultural imperialism; nevertheless, oppression is still very m
The ear provides a sense of balance as well as transmitting sound waves to the brain. The pebbles (otoliths) by lying on the bed of hairs (cilia) gives a sense of the direction in which gravitational pull is acting. The outer part of the year focuses the sound onto the eardrum. The eardrum is very sensitive and responds to force which is 50,000 times smaller than a newton per square meter. The ligament of the stapes of the ear protects the ear against noise but it is slower than sudden sound. Conductive hearing loss happens in the outer or the middle ear. Some of the causes of such hearing loss are wax, and a punctured eardrum. This kind of hearing loss can be treated with a surgical operation. Nerve loss in the inner ear is unlikely to be treated. This kind of hearing loss can be caused by old age, viruses, drugs, and noise. Hearing is measured using an audiometer. Different frequencies are repeated a few times to test if a person can hear. Testing the inner ear requires a refined test which indicates the sensorineural loss. Temporary hearing loss is converted to permanent hearing loss if the person if repeatedly exposed to the same conditions that caused the loss. Audiograms should be conducted yearly, and monthly in cases where there varying outcomes are recorded. The three semicircular canals sense acceleration through movement of fluids in the canals. Sea sickness comes as a result of changes in the frequencies caused by acceleration. Such sensitivity is highest when the frequencies are in between 0.125Hz and 0.25Hz. High frequency noise is more annoying because it has short wavelengths, and the ability to be reflected in the same manner as light. A mixture of sound with different frequencies constitute what is known as broadband noise. The sound meter combines different sound frequencies to give out a single value. Doubling noise only increases the total value of noise by about 3dB. Noise creates exhaustion by bringing on the need to put in more attention. Noise affects speech, and interferes with the interpretation of pictorials. Conversation in the working place is considered to be a distraction because of its intelligibility. However, noise is considered to give assistance when reading written instruction. Noise does not affect productivity. Noise can be reduced through fixing sound-absorbents on the surfaces that reflect sound. Masking noise is a technique which uses a pleasant sound to cover up the noise such as background music, and a fountain. Buying less noisy equipment is another way of reducing noise. People can be separated from noisy equipment in workplaces. The source of noise can be modified to reduce the noise or the quality of sound it produces. Proper maintenance of equipment also reduces noise. Use of personal protective gear such as ear muffs, and ear plugs may also be necessary in some working conditions. Reducing noise requires that the loudest noise is reduced first. There still exists difficulty in noticing the sensitivity of the ears before hearing loss. Hearing impairment is considered a case where an individual does not recognize 25dB at
Introduction The parent-involvement study was in Quebec, Canada. Consequently, the permission they sought revolves around legal codes in the country. However, the researchers also needed to consider general ethical concerns in research as well as bureaucratic issues when seeking permission. Permission for the five schools In Canada, a researcher must obtain permission from the Research and Ethics Board in one’s tertiary institution. If an investigator comes from a university or a college, then he or she needs to speak to The Research and Ethics Board (REB) in his university or college respectively. All REBs abide by the Tri-Council policy on conducting research involving humans. Therefore, Deslandes and Bertrand (2005) would have to prove to the REB that they have followed this ethical policy. The REB often looks for certain qualities before granting approval. The research application process needs to be done to completion. Investigators should provide sufficient detail about the study. The authors of the parent-involvement study should have described all the relevant details about their research(Knipping & Reid, 2006). Otherwise, the REB would have requested them to resubmit their application with better clarification. To secure approval, the investigators should ensure that they adhere to rules on informed-consent. Additionally, methods involved in the research should not be overly disruptive in the classroom. The REB attempts to balance between the
Introduction In the normal operations of a given firm, there are several factors that affect the HR strategies that the management will adopt (Tookey, 2004). These factors can originate within the internal mechanisms of a given organization. Consequently, external factors can influence the HR strategies of a given firm. Examples of external factors that can affect the HR strategies of firms within a given nation include:  1. Politics  2. The economy  3. Social and cultural factors This paper will focus on the impacts of politics, economy, social, and cultural factors have on the recruitment, selection, and induction processes in Chinese firms. China has been chosen the preferred nation of study due to the rapid economic advancement that the nation has been experiencing for the last several decades. Due to this fact, domestic and multinational corporations that are situated within the nation have adjusted their HRM strategies and policies to meet up with the changes in the social, political, economic, and cultural environments within the nation (Thompson, 2008). Challenges Facing Human Resource Management in China China has been experiencing a rapid economic growth in the since the 1960s. This trend has played a significant role in enhancing foreign direct investment in the nation (Gee, 2003). As a result, the political, legal, economic, and cultural environments have changed due to the arrival of foreign based firms, expatriates, and the advancement of the locals with regards to education and expertise. These changes have made managing the human resource of various firms within China to be a tedious task. However, as Yao (2006) asserted, a well managed organization will result in the attainment of the goals and objectives that it has set. In this respect therefore, firms across China have been adjusting and modifying their HR strategies to keep up with the trends and changes that are being experienced in their field of operat
Introduction In this report, the performance of Tesco and Carrefour is evaluated by using financial and non-financial information available in the public domain and compared in the last three years from 2016 to 2019. Furthermore, their decision to make a strategic alliance is discussed along with recommendations for their businesses. Financial Ratio Analysis Tesco – Profitability The profitability ratios of Tesco are given in Appendix A. It is noted that the gross profit margin of the company has improved in the last four years, from 5.40% in 2016 to 7.55% in 2019. Although its revenue only increased by 15.81%, its gross profit increased by 61.99% in that period, which shows that the company managed to lower its cost of sales. The operating profit also increased slightly from 1.82% in 2016 to 3.89% in 2019. It indicates that the company continued to face business difficulties that forced it to incur high operating expenses. The company made a net loss in 2016, and its net profit margin remained weak in later years. Furthermore, the Return on Equity (ROE) increased to 11.51% in 2017 after a year of net loss. However, its value declined in 2018 and 2019, which was a significant concern for shareholders (Wahlen, ‎Baginski, and ‎Bradshaw, 2018). Overall, the profitability of the company remained weak despite small improvements in its ratios. Carrefour-Profitability The profitability analysis of Carrefour is given in Appendix B. It is noted that the company’s gross profit margin slightly declined in the last four years. Moreover, its operating profit margin fell drastically in 2017 due to the high-incurred operating expenses. In 2017 and 2018, the company made a net loss but made significant improvement in 2019 as could be noted from the net profit margin and ROE values. Overall, the profitability position of the company was highly volatile. Tesco – Efficiency The sales revenue/capital employed indicates that the company generated £2.11 in revenue for every £1 in its capital. However, this value fell to just £1.88 in 2019, which shows that the inability to efficiently utilize its capital. However, the sales revenue/employee ratio value slightly improved from 0.12 in 2016 to 0.15 in 2019 because of the reduction in its number of employees. The debtor turnover of Tesco improved from 80.23 in 2016 to 85.55 in 2019, after a decline in 2017 and 2018. It implies that it took lesser time to receive cash from its credit sales. The creditor turnover was comparatively low, which implies that the company took a long time to pay its creditors. There was also a slight improvement in its inventory turnover in the last four years, which means that the company did not see any major improvement in its retail business. Finally, the
Introduction I chose to write about the possibility of the world coming to an end in 2012 because the topic has attracted global attention as a number of individuals have taken drastic measures such as selling off their worldly possession and even committing suicide in preparation for the end of the world. However, as the discussion in this paper will show, there have been many predictions since time immemorial made by the scientists and religious adherents about the possibility of the world coming to an end, with both sides suggesting a number of evidences to back their claims. Christian and Scientific predictions Although there have been a myriad of end of the world predictions made by great minds, one thing has remained constant. According to Crabtree, these predictions have all been erroneous (1). There have been different types of apocalyptic predictions about 2012. According to The Voice Magazine, an online publication, the bible prophesized about the end of the world but it does not state when this will happen. Jesus Christ gave signs that would usher apocalypse. These signs include; emergence of false prophets; wars; famines; earthquakes; and deceptions, among others (Robertson 3). However, the world cannot end in 2012 since several biblical prophesies such as the emergence of anti Christ, a unified world, and the Battle of Armageddon have not occurred (Robertson 4). On the scientific front, there have been technology based apocalyptic prophecies, based on the nuclear arm race which has led to the predictions that the human species is on course from total self-destruction. Some scientists have also claimed that some celestial aliens with superior technologies would emerge and wipe out the entire human race (Crabtree 2). The present publicity in relation to the end of the world in 2012 is attributed to Harold Camping who has predicted the demise will take place on December 21, 2012. The Mayans were the first to attempt to predict the demise of the world using scientific methods. The Mayan star-gazer studied movement of stars to predict the end of the world. However, their lack of adequate knowledge about cosmology, the Milky Way and solar system limited their ability to make any rational calculations about the end of the world. According to the Mayan’s predictions, the end of Mayan Great Cycle will occur in December 23, 2012. However, there are a number of discrepancies on whether the present cycle of the world will entail the demise of the world itself (Finney 3). The 2012 proponents Accordingly, the proponents of the 2012 date make sensible arguments about the end of the world. As a matter of fact, they point to some elements of evidence that general point to 2012 apocalypse. These include a fairly accurate time for the spiraling from the Age of Pisces to one of Aquarius in 2011. Moreover, the proponents of 2012 show how the planet Venus acts in an extremely exceptional ways at the start and end of the frequently utilized set of dates. This is related with the emergence
Introduction McDonaldization of society as described by George Ritzer (2014) shows how modern society often adopts the fast food model of efficiency, calculability, control and predictability for other businesses and aspects of life. Planned and perceived obsolescence is used to create more profits with no concern for the environment; employees are dehumanized until they are replaced by robots in the near future. McDonaldization Efficiency Efficiency is one of the four core aspects of a business that adopts the McDonald’s model of operation. It means that a business has to find the most optimal way to get to the desired goal. If a customer wants to be full, their food should come to them as fast as possible. If a client doesn’t have the time to park and walk into the restaurant, they should have an option to use a drive-through. Limited leisure time in modern society makes such efficiency attractive to people (Ritzer, 2014). Calculability This model heavily relies on the ability to calculate each part