ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There has been a lot of interest over the past several years in improving glucose monitoring. Capillary point of care (POC) blood sugar level measurement has been the default for monitoring and treatment of patients hospitalized with diabetes. POC blood glucose measurement is usually carried out 3-4 times in one day in hospital settings to monitor glycemic levels (Davis et al., 2020). There is, however, the increased importance of more frequent blood glucose (BG) due to the associated problems with intermittent POC testing. This desire for a more frequent BG measurement system led to the investment in the development of continuous glucose monitoring technology in the 1970s, with the first approval of such a system happening in 1999 by the Food and Drug Administration (Davis et al., 2020). CGM enables constant monitoring of BG levels with measurements every 5-15 minutes allowing for monitoring of trends. This is an important feature for both inpatient and outpatient circumstances. A study seeking to analyze the performance of the Dexcom G6 as a CGM tool in non-critically-ill patients hospitalized with diabetes showed that it was a reliable tool for hospital usage and had the potential to improve BG monitoring for non-ICU diabetic patients (Davis et al., 2021). The research involved 218 patients aged between 48 and 72 years. The research involved comparing retrospective matched pair CGM values with those of the capillary point of care approach. Accuracy metrics analyzed included mean absolute relative difference (MARD), the proportion of CGM values, and mean absolute relative difference (ARD). The proportion of CGM values was within 15%-30% or 15-30 mg/dL for POC values of BG. The results of the experiment showed that the MARD for 4067 glucose pairs was 12.85 (Davis et al., 2020). The median ARD was 10.1 percent, while 68.7, 81.7, and 93.85 readings were meeting 15/15%, 20/20%, and 30/30 criteria, respectively. Diabetes has been established as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality and ICU hospitalization. Cardiovascular diseases and other metabolic factors are significant risk factors for the requirement of mechanical ventilators, severe kidney injury, and mortality. Hyperglycemia during hospitalization has also been identified as a poor prognostic sign. It has also been established that individuals with poorly controlled diabetes carried a higher risk factor for morbidity and mortality from COVID. Ehrhardt & Hirsch (2020), report that previous use of insulin, as opposed to HBA, was a mortality predictor. Another report showed that survivors of COVID showed lower mean BG levels during hospitalization than non-survivors. In light of these findings, it is curious if lowering glycemic targets could assist in mitigating the acute above the chronic inflammatory response to improve outcomes. Another research was conducted to inves
Introduction Communication is very important in every activity we undertake in the society today or in the future. Communication should pass a clear message that should be understood by the audience or the listeners. One of the modes used in capturing the attention of the audience is persuasion. The best way to achieve persuasion is either through revealing the truth or by stirring up the emotions of the listeners. The character of the person delivering a speech or trying to communicate with the audience is important in the communication process. During the presentation of the FIFA 2022 World Cup Bid announcement, Sheikha Mozah moved the audience with her speech. Her speech reflected her smart personality and brought out how well she was aware of the realities of the World Cup games. This essay is going to analyze Sheikh Mozah’s speech during this specific event with the intention to find out how effective her speech was. Analysis Her highness Sheikh Mozah began her speech by asking the listeners when they thought it was the perfect time for the World Cup to come to the Middle East, and this drew the attention of the audience. Once she had caught the attention of the audience, she went ahead to engage the public and explore more on the issues she was about to bring out. Sheikha Mozah did state the facts that indeed, the World Cup had never been held at the Middle East, and her appeal struck the tone of sincerity among the audience. For instance, she outlined the importance of the World Cup to the Middle East and the role of the football in uniting the whole region. Her speech reflected honesty and credibility concerning the fact that she emphasized what a high status this game succeeded to achieve and that Qatar had to be recognized as a part of the nations contributing to the growing significance of football (Fromherz, 2011). When she said, “A World Cup in Qatar will send an important message to the world that after 92 years of waiting, we will finally become a recognized part of the global football family.” With this phrase, she raised the question of football being a global sport game, and thus Qatar being a member of the global football family should be also given a chance to host this event (MalaysiaQatar, 2010). Her speech did bring out her character as an honest and convincing leader due to the fact that she focused on the importance of football in bringing unity and peace. Her speech was to bring out her passion for football, and she achieved this by emphasizing the significance of football in unifying the youth. An example of how Sheikha Mozah incorporated sports with the daily life of the youth can be seen when she states, “Football shows that persistence leads to success, that problems co
Abstract: The development of African countries and more particularly South Africa, has led to some diseases that are hard to treat and they affect a large number of people in the population. More specifically, cardiovascular disease has taken hold and is increasing its effect on the people, especially those of middle and lower social class. This is a new trend, as previously, the disease was thought to be mostly affecting the higher classes, due to their inactivity. This was mostly the case but presently, people of middle class, who are starting to hold higher positions and are able to move up the social ladder are influenced, as they get higher paid jobs and allow themselves more time without exercise and more fattening lifestyle. Another reason is that the necessary equipment to diagnose and treat the disease is not available. This brings people back to the lower classes, as well as to the poorest conditions and slums. The cycle seems to drag people in, even though there has been some international attention in the recent years. The paper will focus on the issues in more details. Healthcare, governmental involvement, new techniques that are used to identify and treat the illness, as well as any help from other countries will be looked at. With the governments increased involvement and the disease becoming an important issue for the country, some results are seen but they are not very reassuring. The rehabilitation has been shown to have great results but only 15-20 per cent of the population are “eligible private cardiac patients” (Perk, 2007). These people get referred to the services but there is another problem that arises. There are
Introduction The corporate accounting scandals of Enron in 2001 and WorldCom in 2002 severely affected the financial markets and shook shareholders’ confidence in large corporations. The legislation was needed to cope with such scandals involving misdirection and inappropriate disclosure by management and executives of corporations. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act also referred to as SOX was embedded into the legal framework on July 30, 2002, by President George W. Bush. This Act influences individuals and corporations related to various trades and industries. This Act directly affects the financial reporting process and the code of ethics implemented in various organizations. The Act places special emphasis on corporations and their workers, auditors and audit firms, law firms, brokers, and analysts. This paper presents reasons for the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley and the impact of this act on non-profit organizations. Events Leading to Sarbanes Oxley During the period of 2000-2002 various companies were involved in corporate governance and financial scandals. These scandals of varying magnitude extensively involved issues like financial reporting, auditing, corporate governance, internal control, and ethical values related to these issues. These companies included industry giants like Enron, WorldCom, Xerox, Halliburton, Arthur Andersen, and Tyco (Patsuris, 2002). The frequency of such financial scandals was highest in these two years as compared to other periods of the American Economy even after the implementation of various accounting standards and rules. As the financial scandals started to grow in number and the compliance to various auditing and accounting issues began to decline, the concern for new Standards or Legislation grew with them. The catalysts for the enactment of Sarbanes Oxley were the corporate scandals involving Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Andersen – the firm responsible for the audit of both Enron and WorldCom. The collapse of Enron directly affected the shareholders and financial markets while Arthur Andersen which was one of the biggest audit firms in the world also shut down its business. The outcome of these scandals not only affected the shareholders but also the American economy as a whole and something needed to be done. In an interview, Senator Paul Sarbanes, one of the two minds behind SOX pointed
Introduction It is proven that human beings cannot survive in the world without interdependence. Man is a social animal and research has proven the same. Character building is arguably the most important aspect in the life of a human being. The process of character building starts as early as the childhood period of a person. Inculcating values is imperative for any parent in the world; all these important aspects often decide the fate of a human being. This paper will throw light upon the benefits of team sports to children. A comprehensive understanding of the subject will be presented in the paper. Discussion There is a very high demand for managers these days and the most important quality that a manager ought to possess is teamwork. Teamwork is one aspect that can be worked upon relentlessly unless perfection is attained. The feeling of teamwork can be and must be developed as early as the childhood of human beings. There are numerous advantages of the same, for instance teamwork is highly useful in achieving common goals this is the only reason why top companies pay hefty compensation to managers. Successful managers certainly know how to make the most of the teamwork. This quality can be inculcated in children by encouraging them to play team sports like Soccer, Volleyball etc. Teamwork satisfies an individual and without this important quality it is extremely difficult to survive in today’s world. Hence this is very certain the participation of the children in team sports must be encouraged by the parent’s to inculcate the quality of teamwork in them. Active participation in team sports can make a child realize that he/she is overweight and it is high time for him/her to start working out. “The importance of physical activity such as team sports is at an all-time high due to the fact that many of our children are now overweight. Studies show that currently, only one out of four adolescent children participated regularly in any type of organized physical activity. This statistic is frightening to hear considering that the number of obese adolescents in America has nearly tripled in the past 20 years. In 1980, 5% of all adolescents were overweight. A study conducted in 1999 showed that a shocking 14% of all adolescents now have a weight problem.” (The benefits of Team Sports for Children, 2009). Obesity is a very big concern for parents all across the globe and team sports is the best possible solution to deal with obesity. This is probably the biggest advantage of participating in team sports. Conclusion Team sports is a reality check for the egoistic children, when a child involves him/her in a team sports it becomes imperative to let go off the ego and attitude, the same teaches many useful lessons to the egoistic children and forces them to change their attitude and one’s the attitude is changed for better, the growth of a human being becomes inevitable. When parents encourage the children while playing, the children get a lot of moral support and the same can also bring the parents in sha
Special education and low-achieving students often demonstrate poor results in mathematics tasks and activities. The problem is in the fact that students with difficulties in mathematics can experience additional problems with basic calculation. Instructional and Skill Area The areas of mathematics and calculation skills were identified as the areas in which it is necessary to use the effective evidence-based strategy to improve the students’ results. It was found that typical students’ errors in mathematics tasks were connected with calculation, and it is important to pay more attention to the development of students’ calculation skills. Evidence-Based Strategy To improve the students’ skills in the calculation, the verbalization or ‘think-aloud’ strategy was selected as a type of the actively used Self-Instruction strategy. The group of Self-Instruction strategies includes approaches oriented to teach students how to use verbal cues to help them with calculating and solving equations (Mitchell, 2008, p. 112; Montague, 2008, p. 38). The verbalization or ‘think-aloud’ strategy depends on monitoring the thinking process and actions orally. ‘Think-aloud’ are effective to be used in the areas of calculation and mathematical problem solving because they demonstrate what steps to take while solving the problem following the teacher’s example of thinking aloud and then stating orally the individual’s thoughts regarding the task (Bosson et al., 2010, p. 14). Using such Self-Instruction strategy as verbalization, a student can set a goal, choose a strategy to cope with a task, monitor his or her progress, analyze success, and correct mistakes. As a result, students become able to remember and use many different strategies, to regulate themselves while choosing and using the strategies, and to take responsibility for their learning process and the result (Moos & Azevedo, 2008, p. 272; Rosenzweig, Krawec, & Montague, 2011, p. 508). Finally, a student learns the particular mathematical problem-solving strategy and uses verbal prompts while coping with different mathematical tasks. Researchers state that this strategy is appropriate for any study level if students are with disabilities and difficulties in learning mathematics (Bosson et al., 2010; Montague, 2008). Implementation of the Strategy The verbalization strategy is planned to be used for working with groups of special education students, low-achieving students, and students with difficulties in mathematics. The strategy is effective to be used several times during a lesson as the part of the preliminary mathematical problem-solving activities; as the strategy to help in learning new types of equations; and as the independent strategy to review calculation methods. To implement the verbalization strategy effectively, it is necessary to identify steps necessary to solve the equation; to demonstrate the model of self-instruction and verbalization for students while solving the concrete task; to encourage students to think aloud while solving the task; to provide the feedback for students. Evidence to Document the Effects To document the effects
Introduction Adaptive responses are initiated by the body to prevent the pathophysiology of diseases from adversely affecting organs and tissues. Every immune disorder is characterized by unique immune responses, which could also vary among individuals. This paper aims at reviewing this week’s learning materials with regard to mind maps and discussing the pathophysiology of the diseases presented in the three scenarios highlighted in the questions. Finally, it provides a mind map of tonsillitis. A review of the mind maps of dementia, endocarditis and GERD This week’s learning materials presented important maps that could be used to explain various factors with regard to dementia, endocarditis and GERD (Silverthorn, Ober, Garrison & Silverthorn, 2009). Dementia is a term used to describe a collection of diseases that affect human brain, which are characterized by reduced ability of individuals to think and reason. The pathophysiology of dementia involves the destruction of neural networks that are important in memory and stimuli processing (Fox, 2008; Silverthorn et al., 2009). The epidemiology of the collection of diseases shows that it correlates with age and it can affect persons across the world. Its diagnosis is based on laboratory tests, cognitive tests and ultrasound imaging. The main symptom and/or clinical presentations of dementia are significant mental retardation and hallucinations. Immune adaptive responses are geared toward repairing damaged neural networks (Germann & Stanfield, 2002). The epidemiology of GERD shows that the disease affects about 10-20% of the population. The pathophysiology of GERD is characterized by damage of the esophagus, which is initiated by the hydrochloric acid from the stomach. Clinical presentation of the disease is a burning sensation in the esophagus. Endoscopy and differential diagnostic approaches are adopted with regard to diagnosis of the disease. A risk factor of the disease is consumption of food that could activate cells in the stomach to secrete acid. In fact, persons with high chances of developing the immune disorder should keep away from acidic food (Fox, 2008). Patients suffering from GERD should also avoid acidic medications. An adaptive immune response involves mechanisms that are geared toward preventing the release of acid into the esophagus (Germann & Stanfield, 2002; Huether & McCcance, 2012). The pathophysiology of endocarditis is characterized by bacteria and fungi, which cause inflammation of the endocardium. “The disease affects both children and adults across the globe” (Huether & McCcance, 2012, p. 98). Some of the risk factors include congenital factors and exposure to pathogens. Clinical presentation of endocarditis is swelling of the heart muscle, fever and chills. Diagnostic approaches include blood culture, CBC and transesophageal echocardiogram. Immune adaptive responses include production of antibodies to destroy pathogens and to reduce inflammation of the endocardium (Silverthorn et al.,
The term Jewish History is used to describe a detailed study of the Jewish people that revolves mainly around their religious and cultural backgrounds. The history of the Jews is spread out over a span of more than four thousand years and affects very different groups of the Jewish generation. Our topic of study revolves around the study of Jewish history from the point of view of the Jews that had been sold into slavery and now lived outside Palestine or modern day state of Israel. These have historically been referred to as Hellenistic Jews and were mainly spread out throughout the Roman Empire. In the effort of some to embrace modernization while others chose to stick to their culture a lot of conflicting issues arose that have greatly influenced the shaping of modern Jewish history. Modern Jewish History On November 1, 1995, the world experienced a very rude shock. Israeli Minister Yitzhak Rabin was murdered. This raised great concern all over the world, as there was fear of a flesh Jewish/Arab conflict in the event that the murderer turned out to be a Palestinian. But an Orthodox Jew, an action that raised questions on the minds of several people as to how a Jew could have murdered a fellow Jew, murdered the Prime Minister. Now that fears of a fresh Jewish/Arab conflict was out of the way the world’s attention was back to the usual events such as the existing Arab/Jew conflict in the Middle East and the Hindu/Muslim conflicts in Asia. But an historian by name Michael Stanislawski refused to be carried away from the issue. After remembering a similar event in the history of the Jews in medieval times, he decided to engage in a study that would probably give answer to the questions that crowded so many people’s mind. In his book “A murder in Lemberg:Politics, religion, and Violence in Modern Jewish History ” Michael Stanislawski revisits history to unravel the events that led to the murder of Jewish reformist Abraham Kohn and his daughter on September 6, 1848. He too had been murdered by a fellow Jew in a conservatists Vs reformists kind of scenario and a detailed study could probably reveal the reason behind such kind of murder happening again in the Jewish society. The author in this book wipes out the general assumption that all Jews share a common Orthodox religious background and goes on to reveal that Jews have been diverse in their way of life as way far back as the mid 19 th century. He undertakes to trace the root cause of the Prime Minister’s murder to underlying issues that have characterized the history of the Jews over the period of time since the murder of Rabbi Abraham Kohn to the present. In this dramatic story, the author brings together a murder, the trial that followed as well as the religious and political climate at the time and puts these factors together to try and unravel the mystery of a similar murder in modern times. A cloud of fear normally hovers over every effort to uncover a mysterious occurrence especially a murder and the author was