Business Model Analysis Key Partners Volkswagen has diverse partners around the globe, which help to handle inbound and outbound logistics as well as outside projects. Volkswagen group consists of several brands, including Volkswagen Passenger Cars, Audi, ŠKODA, Bentley, Porsche Automotive, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Scania Vehicles and Services, MAN Commercial Vehicles, and many other companies that provide financial services (Volkswagen AG 2019a). All the logistics is provided by Volkswagen Group Services, including logistics planning, material logistics, and automobile logistics (Volkswagen Group Services n.d.). The company has also partnered with RIO, the digital brand of the TRATON GROUP, to digitise logistics services (Volkswagen AG 2019b). Volkswagen has also recently partnered with Ford and Amazon to build a charging network for electric cars (Roshan 2019). The company is considered a valued partner for any organization all over the world. Key Activities The principal activity of the company is automobile production and distribution. According to the annual report, the company’s business can be divided into two spheres: automobile services and financial services (Volkswagen AG 2019a). Volkswagen Group produces and sells passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and power engendering machines (Volkswagen AG 2019a). The financial services include leasing, dealer and customer financing, insurance, fleet management, and mobility offering (Volkswagen AG 2019a). The company also invests in research and development (R&D) that has a positive impact on the company’s growth. Key Resources The company has an extensive production infrastructure that utilizes the latest research findings from the R&D department. According to 2018 annual report, the company has 120 production locations that produce around 11 million vehicles (Volkswagen AG 2019a). The company also utilizes to level human resources to deliver value to its customers since one of its aims to be among the best employers worldwide. By the end of 2018, the company employed 664,496 people, which is 3.5% more than in 2017 (Volkswagen AG 2019a). Volkswagen is strict to its employees to avoid internal misconduct, which cost the company 30 billion euros in 2015 (Rauwald 2019). The company also uses top quality materials and equipment as well as financial resources for providing various services. Customer Relations The customer relationships are still in the recovering stage after the diesel scandal in 2015. That year the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that Volkswagen’s cars sold in the US had software that could detect when the engine is being tested to demonstrate improved results on carbon dioxide emission levels (Hotten 2015). The scandal had a tremendous impact on trust from customer, which resulted in considerable sales drops, the results of which were felt even in 2017 (Boudette 2017). However, today, the company had reached the level of sales before the scandal and regained the trust of customers (Volkswagen AG 2019a). Apart from minor complaints about aftersales service (Brignall 2019), the review of recent press and reports showed no sign of problems with customer relations