ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The term “Empire” has a common meaning of the notion of a state headed by an emperor or a monarch together with culturally distinct people. The most salient political in the empire were customarily between noble elite and the lower. An Empire is a systematically organized governing organ that formulates and amends state’s policies. Empires act as a bridge between the government and its colonies in overseas countries. An Empire play a significant role in the importation and exportation of products. An empire can be an official or casual association, in which a nation rules the political dominion of another government. An empire is earned through dictating. It is also achieved by using supreme power, taking sides, unions, fiscal manipulations and communal or literal reliance. Imperialism is any course of action together with martial belligerence through which a state builds and implements its authorities over other countries. Imperialism is the segregation and sustenance of an economical, cultural, and defensive affiliation between two or more countries. The primary objective of modern imperialism is to face out slavery, which act as a way manipulating and employing free labor in abroad countries. Imperialism is the act of emphasizing and investing in the local economy in order to increase the output and earning per capita in the country. This will help the state to exercise her political rule over other states to control and dictate their markets. Examples of empires include Akkadian, Babylonian, Bornao, British, Egyptian, Median, Ottoman,Oyo, Roman and the Soviet Empire. The British Empire has remained the single source of investment before the Second World War. The export of capital from Britain for investment in colonial territories was estimated to be roughly five percent of earning per capita in the period between 1871 and 1915. The averaged national income increased to six percent between the periods 1904 to 1914. It later increased to ten percent in the subsequent years. The British Empire ruled many overseas countries. South American was a British and its counties include Falklands Island and British Guiana. Honduras is a Central American state which colonized by the British. West Indian countries such as Barbados, Jamaica, Trinidad, Grenada, Bahamas and Bermuda made up the British Empire. Some Africa states such as Gambia, South Africa, Somalia, Sudan, Egypt, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda, Sierra Leon, Nigeria and Gambia were colonized by the British. Indian Oceans counties such as Tristan da Cunha, St. Helena and Ascens
For a long time, the world has been characterized by various political conflicts and disputes. The Palestine and Israeli conflict stands out among all the other conflicts mostly due to the fact that it has been inexistence for a long time. It is multifaceted as it is a result of many factors such as control of Jerusalem, border disputes, security, freedom of movement of Palestinians, water rights and settlement of Israel, to mention just a few. The conflict has generated a lot of violence which has been a mater of international concern and various actions have been taken against both parties in an attempt to reduce or eliminate it. The problem worsened after the Oslo peace records collapsed in September 2002. There may have been many factors that may have led to the failure of Oslo, but most studies illustrate that culture played a great role in the same. This is due to the fact that it influences the preferences and the strategies of various political leaders, determines domestic politics as well as affecting the perception, behavior and intentions of the parties involved (Wittes pp. 7). Palestine and Israel conflict is a far much complicated issue. Therefore, this essay shall discuss cultural aspects of the same, laying more focus on Palestine. Political culture is defined as “attitudes towards the political system and its various parts, and attitudes towards the role the self in the system” (Wittes pp. 5). It is easy to conclude that differences in political culture contribute greatly to the conflict. However, this does not apply while focusing on Israel and Palestine as the two have never been cultural strangers. Nonetheless, their cultural understanding towards each other not
Introduction The basic concept of the proposed ride is to utilize the current advances in VR technology to create a simulated experience for park-goers that is safe, widely usable (i.e. little in the way of height restrictions), and sufficiently immersive that there is a “wow” factor from the participants. The VR ride experience at Disneyland Florida is to combine both external and visual stimulus to enhance the capability of the VR headset to make the wearer believe that they are in an entirely different environment. The participants would be isolated in a large room where there is a movable metal ride that they would get into. The VR headsets are then placed on their heads to control their visual perspective. The ride would then engage a program that would create simulated wind, smells, and noise to surround the riders to enhance the visual experience they are getting from the VR device (Metz 104). This concept is feasible since it does not involve the construction of a large-scale series of tracks like many rollercoasters and is far safer since the participants are located in an isolated room and are only a few feet off the ground. What is the Concept? With the increasing viability of VR technology through gadgets like the Oculus Rift and HTC Vibe, its use in fields other than computer gaming and digital graphics is becoming more prevalent (Yao et al. 189). As such, this concept implements the use of VR as a way of creating a simulated travel experience that also uses amusement park ride technology. The proposed amusement park ride is a simulated flight experience that would enable people of different ages to experience the joys of flight. An example of the proposed concept can be seen in the photo below: A simulated flight experience can be achieved with relatively cheap equipment and placing a person in an area with program activated electric fans. Do note that a VR headset alone cannot create a simulated reality, what is needed to truly create an immersive experience that customers will enjoy is to utilize the headset and flight platform in conjunction with a dedicated VR program that can have a wide variety of themes and settings based on the needs of the ride (Dingman 70). This can result in programs that can simulate flight or make people experience the perspective of an action hero (ex: Superman). While this will require a considerable upfront investment on the part of Disney since a dedicated VR program is not cheap, it will pay substantial dividends in the future through the patronage of people who will enjoy the level of immersion that it will provide. A large room can be dedicated to the experience with multiple platforms being set within the same area to enable more than a single person to be processed at the same time. There would be a “flight instructor” who will take the role of guiding the group through the medium of VR technology until they are capable of “flying” on their own. At this point, the ride will allow the participants to fly through a wide variety of different landscapes ranging from outer space to going through a city
Introduction. Teaching English: More than Teaching Language Teaching, in general, and teaching the English language, in particular, is a challenging and complex task. It involves numerous stages of the crucial factors’ analysis, identification of the existing methods for managing specific problems and providing learners with the necessary resources. These resources are needed to acquire the necessary information and train the corresponding reading, writing, and speaking skills. However, apart from the specified challenged, an English language teacher faces the necessity to play the role of an inspirer and a leader, supporting students and encouraging them to develop the ability to learn independently and understand what they need in order to accomplish a particular goal. The process of teaching languages to young children owes most of its complexity to the fact that, despite a common idea of young learners acquiring information fast, students need extensive help and consistent support. To meet the needs of the target audience, a teacher must design the strategy that will promote active learning among the students and motivate them to learn more, therefore, increasing the rates of enthusiasm and involvement among them. Literature Review: What Young Language Learners Need A detailed analysis of the existing studies on teaching English to young learners will reveal that the process in question demands that the teacher should be able to address the specific needs of young learners. Particularly, it is important to keep in mind that crucial cognitive skills are developed at the specified age. Thus, a teacher must be able to identify the unique characteristics of learners and provide them with the opportunities for becoming proficient in English. Local Studies: Recent Tendencies in Education An overview of the existing resources on the subject matter shows that the Saudi Arabian education process is focused on integrating the traditional Islamic values into the learning process (Gawi, 2012). As a result, the process of the required information acquisition occurs by interpreting the data in question through the lens of the Islamic philosophy and worldview (Gawi, 2012). One must also bear in mind that there has been a sharp increase in the number of students and teachers recently; particularly, the introduction of numerous ESL learners into the environment of public schools needs to be brought up as the key factor shaping the teaching strategies (Malihi, 2015). Foreign Studies: Addressing the Needs of ESL Students Foreign studies also point to the necessity to consider the use of games as the key to promoting early childhood learning. However, researches also show that the consistent focus on entertainment rather than education may occur as a symptom of teachers’ lack of enthusiasm in promoting change in the classroom. The teaching strategy based solely or mostly on games may also be interpreted as the symptom of the teacher’s lack of involvement in the learner’s progress (Gaynor, 2014, p. 123). Therefore, when evaluating the teaching approach
People should compare the creations of authors such as Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson to understand poetry better. Whitman’s When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer , in which he talks about an Astronomer explaining facts about stars, was chosen for the comparison (Whitman, 2014). Dickinson’s Some Keep the Sabbath was also chosen as she talks about customs in Christianity (Dickinson, 1960). The main topics of the two poems can be seen as the narrators’ points of view differ from other people. One should compare the poems based on used poetic devices as they can show each poet’s outlook by explaining the structures of the verses. Certain poetic devices set different tones for poems as some can be monotonic, and others can make the poems easier to read. For instance, rhyme refers to the recurrence of syllables in a poem and is not present in Whitman’s verses (Brinks, 2019; Whitman, 2014). However, rhyme can be found in every other line of Dickinson’s poem, such as “Home – Dome” and “Wings – Sings” (Dickinson, 1960, p. 153). Such a simple poetic device as rhyme can help to perceive a poem to someone new to poetry. There are more poetic devices that poets use, such as figurative language and repetition. Figurative language refers to various implications which can be seen in Whitman’s work (Brinks, 2019). As he writes, “I wander’d off by myself,” he implies that he was reluctant to Astronomer’s words (Whitman, 2014, p. 311). Similarly, Dickinson implies that attending a formal ceremony may not be the only right way of God (Dickinson, 1960). One more poetic is repetition which refers to repeating certain words or phrases (Brinks, 2019). For Dickinson, repetition is not utilized much as she repe
This paper is aimed at discussing the experiences of male and female slaves in the nineteenth-century South. This issue can be examined with the help of such sources as Frederick Douglas’ famous memoir Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas and Deborah White’s book Ar’n’t I a Woman? In many cases, the hardships faced by these people were similar to one another, because they could be subjected to the same forms of dehumanization such as severe corporal punishments and harsh labor conditions; moreover, in they could express their discontent in the same way. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that women were more vulnerable because they could also be subjected to sexual abuse; furthermore, they had fewer opportunities to protest against the practices of slaveholders. These are the main details that should be examined more closely. Overall, it is possible to say that male and female slaves could be engaged in various types of work that could require different level of skills. For instance, Frederick Douglass notes that they were responsible for attending horses 1 . Moreover, they were engaged in various kinds of plantation work requiring endurance and strength. In many cases, this labor could destroy the health of a person. This is one of the aspects that can be identified. Finally, according to this author, these people could work as craftsmen or skilled laborers; in particular, one can speak about such activities as shoemaking, blacksmithing, and coopering 2 . These examples indicate that male slaves were not always unskilled workers. Such people were usually of great value to their masters because they needed to spend money on their training. Professional roles of women were also very diverse. Very often, they could do some jobs that were traditionally associated with women. For instance, in many cases, they were often employed as cooks. However, according to Deborah White, they could also work on rice plantations, and this labor could undermine the health of these women 3 . Thus, the owners did not pay much attention to gender differences when they exploited the labor of female slaves and forced them to work under extremely harsh conditions. Moreover, they could be engaged in various forms of skilled labor such as clothing manufacturing or nursing 4 . In many cases, a female slave could do various types of job. These examples indicate that the experiences of black women were slightly different. The protest of male slaves could take both violent and non-violent forms. According to Frederick Douglas, traditional African holidays could be regarded by black people as a silent or disguised protest against slavery 5 . To a great extent, such events enabled them to retain their cultural identity and humanity. Yet, these people often expressed their disagreement in a more explicit way. For example, they chose to escape in order to avoid abuse. However, it is critical to remember tha
Introduction Proper emergency management is essential for every organization, town, city or country if it is to protect its crucial assets and members of the public from harmful events like disasters and catastrophes. The aim of proper emergency management is to prevent various disasters from happening and, in case they happen, to minimize the loss of lives and damages to property and infrastructure through, organized, and coordinated response from all parties involved. Proper emergency management requires planning and anticipation, and ability to respond quickly in the right way if lives and property are to be saved (Haddow and Bullock, 2007). This can only be achieved if all the relevant parties involved in an emergency response like the fire department, the police, emergency medical services and the general public is all acting in a well-coordinated manner. Therefore, any city or country must have an emergency management plan that outlines how the input of all these stakeholders is going to be harnessed for maximum productivity. This paper will look at crisis management at organizational level, and the various emergency management systems that can be put in place in anticipation of large-scale events like a tsunami. The Role of Emergency Management Teams Organizations usually face everyday emergencies that can be dealt with effectively without causing any major interruptions to the organizations functions. However, when disasters strike, organizations lose their normal autonomy and are forced into different interactions that are not normal (Burns, 2001). Response to the disaster requires a more coordinated effort from both the public and private sector. Catastrophes have even greater impact as most of the community infrastructure is affected. The community’s everyday functions are interrupted and the community is cut off from other communities, making it hard to even get outside help. An organization or community therefore needs to have in place a proper emergency response plan for any eventuality if it is to survive and rebuild in case of a large scale disaster or catastrophe. Proper emergency management is strategy-based process that is run from the top of any organization. The emergency management team provides guidance and coordinates the dif
Introduction Hypertension is a medical condition where a person’s blood pressure rises above 140/90 mmHg. According to Anandita et al. (2020), more than 76 million adult Americans have hypertension. There are four stages of blood pressure anybody can have, including normal, elevated, stage 1, and stage 2 (Anandita et al., 2020). Above normal ranges lead to cardiovascular events and increase mortalities. However, well-controlled hypertension can improve quality of life and reduce cardiovascular morbidity. Nevertheless, successful management is low and undertreatment is widespread. Hypertension among the Older Adults Although there is no direct relationship between aging and hypertension, the majority of older adults have stage 1 and 2 blood pressure levels. Statistics show that around 70% of the elderly aged 65 years and above have hypertension, and only 23% to 38% of these are well controlled (Anandita et al., 2020). Anandita et al. (2020) forecast that one in five Americans will be 65 years and over by 2030, placing them as potential hypertension patients. However, managing and treating hypertension in the elderly faces challenges such as increased antihypertensive meds, difficulty in maintaining modified lifestyles, and no tolerance to beta and alpha-blockers. Hypertension Comorbidities and Risk Factors Older persons have unique characteristics, making the control and treatment of hypertension complicated. There are risk factors related to hypertension in the older adult population. These include heightened sensitivity to salt intake, orthostatic hypertension, arterial stiffness, and impaired vasodilation (Mohamed et al., 2020). Orthostatic hypertension may occur when changing position from supine to standing, causing injuries, syncope, and falls. Isolated BP is where the SBP is high while DBP remains at a normal level and is linked to high stroke rates, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction. Comorbidities of hypertension include diabetes, kidney diseases, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases (Mohamed et al., 2020). In addition, above-normal BP levels increase the risk of developing these and other related illnesses. Treatments: Medication Pharmacological treatment of hypertension works as the first line of defense against health deterioration and the development of comorbidities. Antihypertensive medications should be given as early as possible and at the lowest dose. Thiazide diuretics are the most tolerated and used among the elderly as a first-line option but when contraindicated or for persons with heart rhythm problems or angina, some other blockers and inhibitors are given, such as calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors (Setters & Holmes, 2017). As mentioned earlier, beta and alpha-blockers have more negative effects than benefits among the older adult population, such as increasing the risk of orthostatic hypertension, and are not used. Treatments: Li
Since the time series is divided into the past, present, and future, tendencies to study these periods have appeared in modern philosophy. One of such theories is presentism, and some people pay close attention to it. It is a trend that denies the existence of anything other than the present. Despite the fact that such a concept has quite a lot of supporters, presentism is a very ambiguous phenomenon, which can not be called completely right and entirely justified. The ideas of presentism can be called rather limited since it is probably not fully correct to look at the world system only from the standpoint of the present time. After all, the history of our society, like the whole experience of previous generations, is related only to the past, where we all draw our knowledge from. Furthermore, what is real today tomorrow will be the past, and it is rather categorical to deny the reality of the events that have occurred before our very eyes. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of presentism has a specific logic: it can not be claimed that events in the current time are unreal. However, the theory that completely excludes possible variations of situations in the future and does not take into account the experience of the past can probably be considered only as one of the philosophical trends, but not as the fundamental concept of the universe. Various attempts to comprehend the complexity of history and the past time, perhaps, served as the basis for the emergence of the ideas of presentism. It is easier for a person to understand and accept the fact that the past can not be returned, and the world is ruled only by the present, where all real things happen. If we consider this phenomenon as one of the metaphysical concepts, then it is rather attractive for studying. Thus, the primary criterion for evaluating presentism is the approach and arguments advanced by its supporters and opponents, and it is possible to assume that there are several interpretations of this philosophical theory.