Introduction Many of the ancient societies developed their cultures and a strong society by conquering the societies that were neighboring them and those they came in contact with. An empire that had a strong ruler who was capable of organizing the army in a more formidable force was able to stretch his empire by conquering the neighboring societies, and thus be able to collect enough wealth for his empire. Macedonia in the ancient time had had several rulers, but the rulers who left a big mark in the Macedonian land were Philip II and later his son, Alexander the Great. The son seemed to overshadow his father especially after he conquered the Persian Empire, but credit has to be given to the father for training him, and due to the fact that Alexander had inherited a very strong army that had been formed by Philip II. The ancient age saw often war between the Macedonian, Greek and the Persian armies. The fights between these empires have largely affected their history to date. The army of ancient empires was mostly influenced by the type of government they adopted, and the social convention they practiced. The influence was also partly as a result of the enemies they were facing (Barr-Sharrar & Borza 1982 pp 72). The Macedonian Empire The Macedonian empire was characterized by a heavy cavalry due to the broad plains of the area that enabled the raising of horses, and the monarchical system of government provided the landholding nobility used to riding and fighting from childhood (Buckler 1989 Pp 13). There were as well a large number of hardy and intelligent peasants in Macedonian who made practical the development of phalanx. This was the army that was inexpensively armed and easily trained. The phalanx was provided with a spear that was about 6 meters in length. The phalanx was usually organized in rows of eight, and the last row held the spears upright so as to help hide the phalanx from their enemies’ views when they were maneuvering. The front row could at a time hold the spears horizontal, and in that way could have been easy to run through the enemies (Adams & Borza 1982). In 358 B.C Philip II and his Macedonian phalanx conquered the Illyrians. This conquest saw the Macedonian policies become even more aggressive. As an empire conquered more other empires and brought them under their rule, the stronger the empire became. Therefore the conquering of Illyrians brought Paeonia under the rule of Philip. The rule of Philip continued to conquer more nations and bring them under his rule. In 357 BC, he broke the treaty with Athens and attacked Amphipolis which became back to the rule of Macedonia after encountering an intense siege. In the process, he acquired the goldmine that was to enable him to finance his wars against other empires in the future (Cawkwell 1978). The army continued to advance and in 356 BC, the Macedonians captured the town of Crenides in the far eastward, which he later named after himself, Philippi. His attempt to take over Greece was not easy as he faced a lot of resistance. The Greeks thus put aside the hatred they had with the Persians and started to collaborate with them against the Macedonians, under the rule of Philip II. Before the reign of Ph