ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Terrorism is a serious problem affecting the United States of America that is likely to worsen in the coming years. The number of terrorist groups operating within the borders has increased over the past decade. Data provided by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) shows that white supremacists pose the greatest risk to the nation’s security. Moreover, anarchists and religious extremists have been cited as perpetrators of terrorist activities within the US. Common types of terrorism include right-wing terrorism (white supremacists and anti-government extremists), left-wing terrorism, and religious terrorism. Recent events following the death of George Floyd have revealed the new face of terrorism in the US. The spread of false information, conspiracy theories, and incitements to violence are some of the means that terrorist groups are using to advance their agenda. Aryan Nations and the Ku Klux Klan are terrorist organizations that continue to promote racial and religious violence as well as anti-Semitic ideas. Domestic Terrorist Organizations Aryan Nations Aryan Nations (AN) is a white supremacist terrorist organization that is headquartered in Hayden, Idaho. It is a form of right-wing terrorism that is anti-Semitic and neo-Nazi, and that was founded by Richard Girnt Butler in 1977. Its main objective is to establish a white state that excludes other races by fighting against people that pose a threat to the white race, including the Jews and African Americans (Perliger, 2020). Constructivism theory can be used to explain the development and motivations of AN. Originally, it was a branch of the Christian Identity church that has two core teachings: whites are the true Israelites and Jews originated from a union between Satan and Eve. The group has been involved in several criminal activities, hence its classification by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as a terrorist threat in 2001. Moreover, it is founded on a wide spectrum of racist and anti-Semitic ideas that promote racial intolerance (Perliger, 2020). The organization has been described by the RAND Corporation as a pioneer nationwide terrorist network in the US. Aryan Nations has a single leader who makes all the group’s decisions. Unlike other terrorist organizations, it lacks a hierarchical structure and its activities are determined by the leader. It has been infiltrated by the FBI through an informant. Dave Hall, the group’s propaganda minister was an informant who exposed the organization’s illegal activities (Perliger, 2020). He reported directly to Special Agent Tym Burkey, a security officer who was helping Dayton’s organized Jewish community fight the group’s hate campaign. AN is linked to other terrorist groups, including the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), National Alliance, and The Silent Brotherhood (Perliger, 2020). The group is
Introduction Empathy has always played a critical role in the domestic and foreign policy making processes in the American government. However, the US has always been inspired by the foreign policy making doctrine when making foreign decisions. Research shows that a leader will always make decisions with empathy because of the human nature. Some scholars observe that the world would be a peaceful place in case political leaders employ empathy when making decisions. However, others note that the world would be a dangerous place since people would be guided by emotions when electing leaders. Moreover, it would influence the leadership of the country because leaders would be making policies based on emotions and attitudes (Murray, 1998). Apart from influencing the leadership styles of many policy makers, empathy would also be dangerous to the behavior and their reasoning. In the American society, empathy is never taken into consideration when making governmental policies and laws. Some note that empathy is the better alternative as compared to the current decision making model. Empathy is about considering personal thoughts and feelings when making a decision, which means that the policy maker considers the effects of the decision before declaring it. When making a policy, it is imperative to consider the views, thoughts, and the feelings of another person. In many occasions, a policy maker would make decisions that favor his or her standpoint implying that he may not take into considerations the views of another person. In the American government, policy makers are not guided by empathy in making foreign decisions. However, empathy is considered when formulating domestic policies. In other words, the government consults the public or it seeks public opinion before designing domestic policies. Foreign policy making is considered high politics or real politick, which should never seek the views of the public. The United States engages in conflicts with other states in order to achieve its interests meaning that it does not take consider morality when formulating a foreign policy towards an aggressor (Mendus, 2000). However, the case is different when the state is engaging in negotiations with the less threatening states such as India, Pakistan, and other countries of the third world. There have been examples of leaders who have engaged in negotiations with extremists by employing empathy. The negotiation between Mandela De Klerk was an example of negotiation that employed empathy. This article discusses the issue empathy in political negotiations in detail. The paper draws some of the examples from the previous negotiations between American foreign policy makers and the Pakistani authorities. It is noted that some factors drive leaders to employ empathy when making politic
Strict adherence to hand hygiene policies and procedures is one of the best ways of preventing infections and decrease infection rates at a hospital. ABC Healthcare Center offers different healthcare services to the locals. The quality of service delivery is directly influenced by hand hygiene practices that the facility embraces. According to Bowie and Green (2016), hand hygiene within a hospital setting is a requirement that should not only be met by the medical staff but also the patients and visitors who come to the facility. Developing a plan on how different stakeholders should meet this requirement is critical in enhancing the success of this facility. Standards that should be met and the responsibility of every stakeholder should be defined in very clear terms. In this action plan, the focus is to discuss ways of improving adherence with hand hygiene policies and procedures at ABC Healthcare Facility. Discussion The United States Department of Health and Human Services has set clear principles and procedures relating to hand hygiene that hospitals and individual healthcare providers must meet at all times to enhance the quality of service delivery. According to Burns, Bradley, Weiner, Shortell, and Kaluzny (2012), while the government sets these standards, it is the responsibility of every management at all healthcare centers in the country to develop their internal policies and procedures that would help improve adherence with the set standards. The management must also develop clear plans that would help ensure that patients and their visitors follow these plans to eliminate infections. In this section, the researcher will look at how the management of ABC Healthcare Center can improve adherence to hygiene policies and procedures. Promoting a Culture of Hand Hygiene One of the best ways of improving adherence with hand hygiene policies and procedures at the hospital is to promote a culture of hand hygiene. In this context, the management would need to create a standard practice for nurses, doctors, clinical officers, and t
Defining workplace violence has generated considerable discussion, especially among government agencies. When we think of workplace violence, we think of physical actions that result in death or bodily injury inflicted against another individual. But the use of offensive language, threats, making an individual uncomfortable, and even harassment have been added to the definition because of the nature of these terms. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health created a reasonable working definition of workplace violence as; “violent acts, including physical assaults and threats of assault, directed toward persons at work or on duty.” (“Purpose” part 3) Many people in the workplace today have seen, heard, or maybe have been a victim of workplace violence. Employers need to face the reality of today’s growing and diverse workforce. Employers are faced with even more employee relations issues than they were faced with twenty years ago. The National Center for Disease Control now refers to the workplace violence problem as an epidemic because violent acts are occurring at work in such great proportions. (Rolnick 1). Unsettled domestic situations that only seem to increase every year in this country have only added to the problem of workplace violence. Every day we read newspapers, watch television or converse with our peers, and these sources are dominated by stories of violence. Typically, there has been one place that people have felt safe, and that is in their place of employment. Violence is all around us, and as we continue to read our newspapers, watch the evening news or converse with our peers, we see a disturbing trend known as workplace violence. With the continued rise in workplace violence, employers who implement workplace violence prevention programs and policies could benefit greatly to help avoid and deal with workplace violence situations. Employers need to remember that workplace violence sit
Project Description: Addressing the Needs of Adult Cancer Patients Pain management is an integral part of the process of addressing the needs of cancer patients (Greco et al., 2013). Because of the frequent painful experiences of the target population, it is crucial to develop a homogenous approach that will lead to the long-awaited relief and help improve the quality of the patients’ life (Adam, Burton, Bond, Bruin, & Murchie, 2016). By focusing on cooperation and communication as the key tool in identifying the needs of cancer patients and catering to them successfully, a team of pain management nurses will be able to reduce the intensity of pain experienced by cancer patients faster and more efficiently. Clinical Question: What Needs to Be Explored Do adult patients with cancer pain (P) feel less pain when receiving palliative care from the palliative care team (I) if compared to conventional care practice (C) in terms of pain intensity reduction and improved pain management (O)? Planned Intervention: Introducing the Palliative Care Team The palliative care team trained to alleviate pain in cancer patients will create an environment in which the social and emotional needs of the target population can be identified along with the issues associated with painful experiences (Vuong et al., 2016). Thus, the process of managing pain is bound to become much faster and more productive (Saturno, Martinez-Nicolas, Robles-Garcia, López-Soriano, & Angel-García, 2014). Furthermore, the communication between nurses and cancer patients is expected to improve significantly because of a better understanding of the patients’ emotional needs (Kashyap, Joshi, Vig, Singh, & Bhatnagar, 2017). Study Design: Quasi-Experiment as the Tool for Analysis Seeing that there is little control over certain extraneous variables such as patients’ age, comorbid issues, etc., the adoption of a quasi-experimental design should be viewed as the proper way of conducting the study. The identified approach will allow exploring the effect of both interventions and compare the outcomes to determine the best strategy. Evaluation Tools Development: Significance It is crucial to develop appropriate evaluation tools because of the ambiguous nature of the data. Since pain perception differs significantly among patients based on their pain tolerance levels, providing an objective assessment of the strategies and their efficacy may be problematic. Therefore, the tools that will help determine the changes in each patient’s pain levels are crucial. By creating the framework that will allow assessing the success of pain alleviation, one will be able to determine the efficacy of the suggested intervention. Pilot-testing the Tools: Procedure Description The tools will be pre-tested so that the veracity levels could remain high. First, the current guidelines regarding the identification of pain will be reviewed and systematized. Afterward, the indicators of
In life, we often find ourselves being confronted by our past events and choices. Circumstances may force us to tackle with issues that test our love and loyalty for both our family members and friends. This paper seeks to compare two American detective novels. The two novels are The Black Dahlia by James Ellroy and Mystic River by Dennis Lehane. Through the comparison, the paper will illustrate the similarities between the two novels and highlight on how everything returned to where they started. The article will pinpoint that in The Black Dahlia even as time passes crime continues to be resolved where it began. In Mystic River, even after 25 years the story unravels right where it began. A major similarity between the two novels is that everything returns to where they started. In The Black Dahlia, even as time passes crime continues to be resolved where it began. During the introductory part of this book, the author introduced two police officers trapped in the Zoot Suit Riots (Ellroy 12). Bleichert was on a mission to save Lee Blanchad. Later, the two police officers managed to arrest a wanted criminal and sought asylum in an abandoned residence as the riots escalated. At the onset of the novel, the two officers were not working for the same department. As such, Blanchad was a sergeant while Bleichert was a road patrol officer. Some few years later, Bleichert was transferred to work together with Blanchad at the homicide warrant department. While working together, Bleichert met with Kay who leaved with his friend. Later, Kay and Bleichert were engaged. In the year 1947, the two officers were appointed to investigate on a murder case of Elizabeth Short. During this investigation, Bleichert met with a young girl who looked alike with Elizabeth Shor
Introduction People face ethical dilemmas on numerous occasions, and it is always difficult to find a proper approach to them. The current paper will address two situations involving ethical dilemmas, namely, the one about John Doe and his clone and the other about Joe and Marry, who consider using an IVF procedure. Each of the situations has different ethical paths of conduct and presents an interesting case for assessing it from the emotivism perspective. John Doe and Cloning Case For John Doe, who desires to clone himself and thus raise a child who will be identical to him, the ethical path of conduct is for him to avoid engaging in such an activity. There are two major arguments against the process of human cloning, which are the unsafe nature of the procedure and the psychological trauma for the clone. As mentioned in the case, the cloning procedure Mr. Doe wants to attempt to undergo is new, which means that there are no guarantees that the embryo will survive. The procedure will also constitute an example of forced experiments performed on humans, which have been banned since the fall of Nazi Germany due to their complete immorality (Gebeyehu, 2018). As a result, in the case of the embryo’s death, the doctor will be considered a murderer. Moreover, even if the procedure goes according to plan and the embryo manages to develop into a child and then into an adult, such a person risks encountering considerable psychological problems with their identity. The person may suffer mentally due to not being a unique individual but simply a copy. Therefore, the ethical path of conduct for John Doe is not to conduct the cloning procedure because, thus, he will not commit a crime or enable doctors to do it. Additionally, John Doe will not subject his twin child to potential mental suffering and psychological trauma, which may arise if the cloned person becomes concerned about not being born but rather created in vitro. The statement that not cloning humans is an ethical form of conduct can be considered from the perspective of emotivism as a way to persuade people that they should avoid cloning. Essentially, emotivism is a view that promotes the idea that any kind of moral utterance or language does not simply state a fact but merely encourages people to espouse a certain belief (Rachels & Rachels, 2019). Similarly, when a person states that some activity is immoral, they simply want to tell others not to engage in it. Thus, by saying that avoiding cloning is morally right, one ultimately orders other people not to perform cloning. John and Mary Case The ethical path of conduct for Joe and Mary, who consider having a child with the help of IVF after becoming sterile and losing their first child, is to avoid conducting the procedure. There are once again two arguments in support
Introduction The demands of an athlete both professional and family life causes stress and anxiety. Therefore, we can not talk of the effects of demands without stress and it is effect. Mental health can also be another issue to be looked at while defining the cause’s demands. we can define stress in many ways. Stress is a harmful physical and emotional response that occur to and individual when the requirements of an activity exceed the capabilities and needs of the individual. ( www.ilo.org).As a matter of fact every individual is affected by anxiety, which is the reaction of an individual when he encounters stress. A great amount of stress can affect the performance of an athlete because he lacks concentration in what he is doing. Pre-competition anxiety has been the great important focus when researching about athletics. It can also be defined as “the emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological reaction to aversive and noxious aspects of work, work environments and work organizations. It is a state characterized by high levels of arousal and distress and often by feelings of not coping.” (www.tcd.ie). from this definition demands can be related with In relation to sports and specifically athletics it can be defined as a physiological reaction to aversive and noxious aspects of athletics and environments i.e. excessive pressures or the demands placed on them. It is clear to everyone that you have to be mentally fit for you to be an athletic performer, you must be stress free, you must be a positive thinker, you must be aiming high at all times and even setup goals that you must achieve in life. All this attribute to mental health that one must bear. Therefore, when you see this, alongside other factors then you should be to point out that one could be optimistic athletic performer because this is the major requirements. A good performing athlete has higher mental resistance and his performance is not affected by his mind. He is resistant to any change, when his mind is disturbed, he continues with his activities well up to the end. He is frank and does not hide anything, even if he realizes any point of weakness; he points it out and tries to improve it. The athlete must be in good health, he should be free from diseases all the time, he should have a good physical composition and be physically fit because the activities he is involved in are demanding and requires someone to be strong enough to be able to succeed. Causes of Stress for Athletes There are different types of stress that affect different athletes from different lifestyles. This can be subdivided into two that is personal and situational.  1. Here are some of the personal causes of stress      1. Cognitive anxiety, which includes worry, and uncertainty,      2. Somatic anxiety this includes movement changes in the perceived physiological stimulation      3. Behavioral anxiety this involves peoples behaviors.  2. Situational is related to the events and uncertainty. An athlete may feel burdened when entering into real action Effects of Demands (stress) to an athlete The physiological reaction athletes to threats or pr
As the largest and one of the most popular coffeehouse chains globally, Starbucks Coffee Company is considered the leading competitor. Drinks, food, packs of coffee and tea, and merchandise are available for purchase from the menu. The site provides detailed information about the nutrition of food and drinks – calories, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and caffeine. Ingredients and allergens are also indicated for some items, but not for all. However, visitors cannot leave feedback, and there are difficulties in finding prices, which leads to additional research. Peiper’s article (2020) showed that prices are visible only after choosing the product and store where the customer wants to pick it up. At the same time, the company’s unique position in several options for receiving an order – from self-pickup to Curbside Pickup. The company devoted several pages of the website to a description of the ways to receive an order. The site assures the safety of its visitors with the help of the Privacy Statement. Navigation on the site is quite simple – the main page is devoted to current news, and below are sections that users may need – company history, vacancies, social influence, and other information. However, there is no ability to search for specific data. All features work well, and the site renders when using any browser – Firefox, Explorer, and Chrome. The website provides opportunities to search stores by map, track orders, and even a game with prizes, for which registration is required. E-commerce software is not very convenient, as it is difficult to manage orders in the cart and their payment without choosing a store. Depending on the section, the layout changes, contributing to better navigation according to the page theme. It will not be difficult for users to find important information; in particular, a link to the menu is the first at the top of the main page. The design was created in accordance with the company’s brand – green colors and a minimalist font are used. The site is quite attractive, and it allows customers to read information without undue pressure on vision easily. The main disadvantage remains the difficulty in managing user orders, which, however, can be explained by Starbucks stores’ features of work. Reference Peiper, H. (2020). A how-to guide for digital ordering at Starbucks . Starbucks Stories and News. Web.