ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Gradually, more citizens of the United States express anxiety concerning the requirement for extra protection under the right of privacy, also referred to as the “right to be let alone.” High rates of citizens’ concern are the straight outcomes of current complicated technological advances and developments that make it both cheap and simple to classify (Paul &Dickman 1999, P413). Technological advances also help to trace what was once believed to be individual information. The ultimate aim of this context is to examine the principles of Information Privacy as outlined in the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) and the reasons as to why they need amendment. The paper also examines the type of information that might be observed when the system is at risk and the impacts of technology on information privacy. It then winds up by providing recommendations that can help in amending the Privacy Act 1988 (Erik 1990, p47). Section 14 of Privacy Act 1988 Section 14 of the Private Act 1988 (Cth) needs amendment because as it shall be noted, it only focused on how personal information should be acquired and how it should be kept by a record-keeper. However, it failed to consider the fact that information and technology are consistent and there is no way personal information can be tackled and assume technology (Orwell 1984a, p. 179). Privacy principles The following are the eleven information privacy principles that are obtained from section 14 of the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth). Principle 1: Manner and Purpose of collection of personal information This principle has two major rules that were to be respected during that period. Note that they are still being obeyed even today only that they were greatly modified due to changes in technology that have modified how information privacy can be kept (Westin 1996, p67). The first one is, personal information shall not be accumulated by a collector for addition into a record or in a normally present publication unless:  1. The information is accumulated for a function that is a legal function directly associated with a purpose or activity of the collector;  2. The accumulation of the information is essential for or directly associated with that function. The second rule is that a collector through illegal or unfair means shall not acquire individual information (Ryan 1984, p193). Principle 2: Solicitation of Individual Information from the Person Concerned This is where:  1. An accumulator accumulates individual information from insertion in a record or available publication and  2. The information is importunate by the accumulator from the person concerned. The accumulator shall presume such steps (if any) as are, in the situations reason
Factors that the company should consider during its analysis to locate a country to startup an automobile factory When selecting a country for the construction of an automobile plant, the company managers should consider the following factors when carrying out analysis. An automobile factory should be in a country where labor is affordable. Managers should avoid importing labor because it makes the cost of operation high. Locally acquired labor is best since personal issues can be addressed easily (Gaiski, 2009). For example, workers living in their homes eliminate housing problems, and living in the locality of the company cuts transport costs. Another factor is proximity to the source of raw materials required by the company. Raw materials constitute the largest ratio of production cost. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for the factory to ensure that it locates its plant as close to the source of raw materials as possible. Firms should acquire raw materials in the right quantity, quality, and at the right time. Economic survey of the location is another factor that should be put into consideration (Gaiski, 2009). The best place to locate a mobile auto plant is the one where the costs of obtaining labor, property, and materials to produce finished products are quite low. Safety requirements should also be looked at keenly. This is because the safety of employees and the company’s assets is vital; hence safety is a key factor for progress in any company. An automobile Company should be set in place with adequate security since it deals with expensive accessories (Dubrin, 2011). Product-by-value analysis The product-by-value analysis is the listing of a company’s product in an ascending or descending order of their individual revenue contribution to the firm. It also involves ranking to determine the annual revenue contribution of individual products to the company’s total annual revenue. (Morasch, Siegle, and Pickl, 2011). Product-by -value analysis of firms manufacturing more than one product helps managers know how individual products perform (Gaiski, 2009). This helps in understanding key areas that need more funding as well as in understanding which products require additional resources to improve their performance in the market. This process is essential for companies that produce multiple products because it enables companies to analyze yields in each product separately. How can a grocery store make better use of e-commerce? Grocery stores should use E-commerce technology to make their transactions easy and thus attract more customers due to the convenience created by E-business. Online shopping eliminates most of the steps involved in shopping in the traditional way whereby customers need to make a physical appearance to the market. Grocery stores can benefit from various methods of payment provided by E-business. This increases security as customers pay for their goods through electronic means, for instance, the use of credit cards in paying bills, as argued by Pl
This documentary was created for geologists and other people interested in understanding how the Scotland landscape was formed and the history of the planet’s formation. The main purpose of this documentary was to explain how the planet and Scotland’s landscape were formed many years ago (Higher, 2013). The director wants the audience to understand that the earth was once a solid planet divided due to internal forces that pushed the earth’s crust, dividing it into different continents that are seen today. Before watching this documentary, my prior knowledge of planet formation was a bit fragmented, although I had a few insights into how the planet formed. I knew about the earth’s crust but did not understand how massive forces were formed that could move rocks above each other. I expected an explanation of how Scotland’s landscape was formed and the history of rocks. I also expected to understand how the different continents were related because I had prior knowledge that the earth’s continents were anciently connected. I had questions about how the earth’s crust moves, the forces that cause it, and how the rock layers of the Scotland Mountains were formed because of many contradicting theories. The documentary was filmed in Scotland, it provides a detailed explanation of how the Scotland landscape was formed and planet formation. It explains the formation of different continents through the movement of the earth’s crust. It starts by explaining the rock formation process in the mountains of Scotland, whereby it resulted from forces that pushed the old rocks above the new rocks (Higher, 2013). It then continues to explain how the forces that pushed the earth’s crust occurred. This is done by showing how the magma underground moves in a rotational method called convection. Through convection, the magma underground creates horizontal forces that push the earth’s crust apart or close (Higher, 2013). It is through these forces that Scotland collided with England, moving the mountains and shaping the landscape. I like the sound effects because the soundtrack is in line with the images in the documentary. The images were sharp and clear to provide an exact view of the location. The filming was done excellently using different camera angles, including the eye level, low angle, and high angle also called the bird’s view. These angles helped to watch the mountains from different perspectives and get an exact image of what the Scotland Mountains look like. I also like the interviews, and the one that caught my attention was when the interviewer demonstrated how the earth’s crust moves using blue and red ink because it provides such a practical example. The documentary also used special effects such as pyrotechnics to show how volcanic eruptions. The part of the documentary that I liked most was explaining how the earth’s magma works to push the earth’s crust. This is a phenomenon that was explained so nicely that I understood it clearly. I have learned that rock layers were formed from forces pushing the rocks against each other, and that is w
Introduction There is a widespread belief among policymakers and analysts that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) provides host countries with opportunities for growth. A host country increases its capital formation when it encourages foreign investors to undertake business ventures in the region. In this case, a host country increases its savings significantly. Some researchers stipulate that the positive impacts of FDI are observed in the short run. In the long run, the host country’s capital encounters diminishing marginal returns. This makes a host experience slow growth in its GDP. In this case, a host country returns back to its original state. This means that FDI does not leave a permanent impact on the host economy. Studies reveal that FDI provides improvements in technology, productivity, and efficiency. This generates increased returns in terms of production spillovers and externalities. Today, the volume of FDI has increased significantly. 1 With the liberalization of international trade and exchange rate regimes, FDI has increased beyond the volume of international trade. Most African countries missed the chance to grow when other developing countries were registering massive growth rates. In the 1990s, many African countries were persuading foreign investors to offer them their know-how. Many African countries offer incentives to foreign investors. However, most foreign investors refuse the offers thereby making many African countries to grow at a slow pace. FDI inflows in African countries are small compared to other developing countries. This is regardless of the favourable political climate that is present in most African countries. This is because there is a mismatch between the development goals of foreign investors and host countries. 2 Therefore, the goal of this paper is to determine whether Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) influences the economic growth of countries. The paper will gather evidence from Sudan in order to determine whether FDI has helped to stimulate GDP growth in the country. Significance Foreign Direct Investment in most African countries has not made any significant impact like in other developing countries that are located in East Asia. Most African countries have favourable political climate but foreign investors do not show significant interest in them. This is an indication that there are certain forces that limit them from investing in these countries. Moreover, it is true that there are various forces which encourage foreign investors to invest in East Asian countries thereby making them to show less interest in African countries. Therefore, this study will help to identify the measures that African countries should adopt in order to encourage foreign investors to invest their capital. The study will also help analysts to identify the factors that limit FDI inflows in African countries and propose solutions to the problems. The study will focus on Sudan since it has a huge potential for oil production but it is regarded as one of the poorest countries in Africa. Metho
Introduction In the course of the last decade, the global education sector was on the limelight concerning its capacity offer quality basic education. Education is both a system and a process. As a system, it is entrenched in a cultural, political, and economic context. These contexts are interdependent in such a way that they influence one another, both directly and indirectly. There is no single definition of quality education since learning is multifaceted. Moreover, definitions of quality education are bound to change based on differences in contexts. Various processes and factors in the learning process affect the quality of education offered or the quality of performance obtained by the learners. Quality education has various impacts on the general life of the learner, as well as society. For it to be achieved, there is a need to focus on all stakeholders such as teachers, curriculum designers, school administrators, and students. Proper learning environments, employment of professionally trained teachers, creating a relevant curriculum, as well as incentivizing teachers play a vital role in providing quality education. This paper addresses the relevance of the different components of quality education and the role that each component plays in achieving it. Definition of quality education Quality education revolves around five basic dimensions. The first ingredient of quality education is quality learners. Education systems can only function with the presence of learners. The quality of life that children enjoy before embarking on formal education can tell the quality of learners they are likely to be. Some of the factors that influence the quality of that learner a child ends up to be include home support, early childhood experiences, and their nutrition and health. Psychologically, socially, and physically healthy children are generally good learners. Early childhood development plays a very huge role in providing the foundation for a healthy life and subsequently an effective formal school experience. For normal development of the brain in the initial years, it is important for a child to receive sufficient nutrition. It is also important to detect disabilities early while preventing infections and injuries to give the child the best chances for healthy growth that goes hand in hand with becoming a good learner (Alemu 632). Early childhood experiences also play a great role in the psychological health of children. They determine the kids’ ability to be excellent learners. Research shows that children who attend intervention programs after traumatic childhood experiences do better in school (Alemu 632). Accordingly, positive emotional stimulation in early years makes a child less prone to chronic stress (OECD Schooling Redesigned 14). Hence, it enhances the child’s chances of being a good learner. Regular school attendance is also
Introduction Organisations in all industries are interested in maintaining their levels of competitiveness for continued delivery of value to their owners (shareholders). Bertscherk and Kaiser (2004) maintain that any organisation that does not embrace new trends that minimise costs is prone to disappointment due to the associated reduced global competitiveness. One of the major changes that organisations consider in the effort to gain competitive advantage is the adoption of cost-cutting strategies such as outsourcing. Labour costs amount to a significant portion of the total cost of a product (Christopher 2005). In a bid to reduce the cost of products that are offered for sale in the global markets, organisations seek strategies of ensuring that the prices of their products are low enough. In this quest, the British clothing industry significantly depends on global sourcing of its manufacturing services in nations that have low labour costs. Globalisation has incredibly altered the manner in which organisations in all industries manufacture and/or source their products and services. The consumer industry has particularly experienced the largest change in the effort to reduce costs in a bid to increase competitiveness whilst increasing organisational operation efficiency (Leclerc 2012). Ketchen and Hult (2006) note that global sourcing is generally on the rise. While the main concerns of small companies entail cost reduction, large and well-established organisations also engage in sourcing to enhance the supply of better products, enhance collaboration with suppliers, and/or reduce environmental impacts. The purpose of this paper is to discuss global sourcing in the British clothing industry. Background to Global Sourcing in British Clothing Industry For a long time, the clothing industry has constituted a major mechanism of enhancing industrialisation, as it was witnessed four decades ago in the case of Europe and some regions of Asia. The industry played this role effectively due to the advantages of low-entry barriers particularly due to low start-up capital requirements (Fashion Education Network 2010). In the British clothing industry, the question of whether the industry remains a major driver of the of process of industrialisation, whether it still has low entry barriers, or whether it is a source of capital accumulation remains relevant even in the 21 st century. Literature on global sourcing highlights two important paradigms for understanding the trend in global outsourcing in the British clothing industry. One of the paradigms is the GCC (Global Commodity Chain) as discussed by Gereffi (1999). This approach view
The investigations conducted by Benson and the team of sophisticated scientists (2006) are based on the fact that intercessory prayer may influence the process of recovery in a variety of ways. However, Benson et al. evaluate the conditions when people with CABG suffer from depressions and inabilities to control their illnesses even under being properly treated and supported by prayers and offer the idea that prayers should not be regarded as one of the main factors of human recovery. The experiment aims at dividing people into several groups where some people are aware of receiving intercessory prayer and some people are not aware of this fact. The results were not as impressive as expected: the chosen intercessory prayer “had no effect on complication-free recovery from CAGB” (Benson et al., 2006, p. 942). Such conclusions were made by the researchers, still, they wanted to support the idea of religion in treatment and admit that such results could be predetermined by the limitations set on the study: some constraints were placed without any kind of feedback. This is why the result of the study should not challenge the chosen belief and make people doubt about the God’s existence. The main point was to discuss how prayers may influence treatment, and this article show the rationality of the required medical interference. The works by Newberg et al. (2010, 2005, 2006. & 2007) aim at discussing the religious perspective in medical treatment and possibilities to improve human health and brain activation. The works have been introduced in different years and show how evident the progress of the experiments could be. Neuroscience research is based on theological and epistemological questions (Newberg & Lee, 2005), and people should understand that spiritual pursuits may define the quality of brain and body work as such state like glossolalia (Newberg et al., 2006) and meditation (Newberg et al., 2007) which are closely connected to the field of spirituality may improve human health considerably. Though the last investigations conducted in 2010 show that long-term meditators in comparison to non- meditators may have absolutely different activity patterns which are observed in brain, and meditation should be considered as an activity on a spiritual level that
An organization of workers or employees is generally referred as a trade union or a labor union in almost every country of the globe. A number of experts have observed that union members generally have a leader, which is known as a union leader. In some companies, trade unions are headed by a number of influencing employees that pilot the demands and rights of the employees in front of the employers of particular company. In some countries, labor contracts are an important part of the objectives of the trade unions, as these contracts are discussed during the negotiations by the union leaders with the employers, and thus, play a vital role in the development of their lives. Specifically, wages, remuneration, work rules, working schedules, selection and recruitment of employees, and a number of similar objectives are some of the considerations in the negotiation process that is one of the administering responsibilities of the trade unions. Nowadays, workplace safety has become an innovative and important objective of the trade unions around the world due to the awareness by a number of organizations, such as United Nations, International Labor Organization, etc. It is an observation that a right of exclusivity is the claim by most of the labor unions around the world. In addit
Many businesses pay attention to environmentally friendly operations as the representatives of the general public care for nature today more than ever. However, some companies still face issues associated with environmental protection, which affects their performance adversely. For example, Thames Waters was recently charged with dumping waste in a river (Hargreaves, 2017). In the framework of ecocentrism, these actions are considered to be unethical as people affect nature adversely not because they satisfy their vital needs but because they are not willing to pay for utilization (Dussault, 2013). Fines can be treated as a strong solution to this issue even though it is not presupposed by the ethical theory discussed, as they ensure that some funds can be spent on protecting the environment. Still, it cannot be ignored that if the leader of Thames Waters had followed ecocentrism, he would have done everything possible to utilize wastes with minimal harm to nature, focusing on recycling. Even though it is rather difficult to make an organization truly green, it is not impossible. Companies should do more for the environment to cover those issues they create, being committed to sustainability and economically viable. The environment is intrinsically valuable because it gives people a place and means to live. Thus, the policy of using innovative ways of energy conservation, recycling, and waste disposal is likely to benefit any company. To communicate it, leaders should encourage employees to participate in associated activities as volunteers and to fund the development of these innovations. Even though it may be costly and time-consuming, it can benefit the company enormously. It is important to educate personnel on the issue to avoid those problems that occur when some people are unwilling to accept changes. This policy is supported by ecocentrism and law as many countries consider such kind of environmental pollution to be a legal issue. In this way, no changes will be needed regardless of location.