ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Empowerment of students and employees is essential in any area of human activity, and it is crucial in nursing where medical personnel need to perform responsible tasks on an everyday basis. In healthcare, empowerment carries multiple benefits for both individual nurses and the system as a whole (Kennedy, Hardiker, & Staniland, 2015). Giving employees more autonomy and power to make decisions independently makes them feel more valued, trusted, and respected and encourages nurses to assume personal responsibility for the health outcomes of the patient. In addition to that, such practice stimulates professional growth and self-education of workers. Such employees make the work of a medical institution more efficient, reducing the necessity for control and micromanagement and make the overall system more stable (Kennedy, Hardiker, & Staniland, 2015). Thus, the empowerment of employees is an essential aspect of leadership in nursing, and it has a significant positive effect on the quality of care. Reference Kennedy, S., Hardiker, N., & Staniland, K. (2015). Empowerment an essential ingredient in the clinical environment: A review of the literature. Nurse education today, 35(3), 487-492.
Introduction Sickle cell anemia is not as new as scientific documentation indicates. It was first documented in Africa in the 1870s and resulted in many deaths prior to the research that made the management of it more effective. While there is no cure for the disease, there are interventions and treatments available that help in minimizing and alleviating the symptoms of the disease. The following paper provides an overview of sickle cell anemia and current research on it to broaden the general understanding of this disease. History Hemoglobinopathy is the study of genetic abnormalities that involves the globin chains of hemoglobin, the red component in the blood that carries oxygen. The most common of these include the sickle cell trait. The first documented case of sickle cell disease was that of dental student Walter Clement Noel of Chicago in 1904, but symptoms associated with the disease are mentioned in African writings, referring to the condition as chwecheechwe , abututuo , nuidudui, and nwiiwii . When Noel was admitted, an intern named Ernest Irons noticed that Noel’s blood presented unusual features, that of many elongated cells. The attending physician, James Herrick, was informed, and they proceeded to document the progression of the disease over two-and-a-half years. It took Noel nine years to succumb, presumably as a consequence of his condition. A researcher named Hall first coined the term “sickle cell,” but it was V.E. Emmel who documented that the sickle cell trait could be present in healthy individuals without developing anemia. By the 1940s, it was established that the sickle cell was a result of abnormal hemoglobin but not the mechanism that led to the abnormality. In the 1950s, American scientist Vernon Ingram isolated the culprit, an amino acid called valine, which took the place of glutamic in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin. It may sound like a trifling change, but it has had a profound impact on those who have it. (“Genetic basis of hemoglobinopathies- the history of the sickle cell”) Causes Figure 1. Sickle cells Sickle cell is a genetic disorder that turns red blood cells, which should be round and flexible, into stiff and sickle-shaped cells, which is why it is called a sickle cell. This is due to mutations in the beta-hemoglobin (HBB) gene. Because they are inflexible, it is unable to travel smoothly in the blood vessels, bunching up and slowing the flow, preventing the efficient delivery of oxygen. This results in pain, organ damage, and infection. Th
Team project Organizations are operating in increasingly dynamic environment and thus change is inevitable. To cope with the changes in the business environment, it is imperative for management to adopt strategies that facilitate change within the organization (Yukl 93). Desert Communication Inc., a wireless telecommunication organization, is facing major challenges due to the decline of business in the communication industry. The organization’s management wants to expand the portfolio of services to include roadside service, phone insurance, and additional minutes to leverage the situation and take advantage of new opportunities in order to remain competitive. For successful implementation of change in an organization, it is crucial for the management to come up with an action plan. The change in operations of the Desert Communication will have a profound effect on all employees of the organization. The strategies that an organization uses to present change have a direct effect on the success of the change implementation process. Change implementation is an intricate process and its success or failure is highly dependent on managements’ presentation of the proposed change strategy to the rest of the organization. Communicating change is critical because it helps employees understand the reasons for change and the role they will play in implementing the change. Communicating change helps to reduce resistance, which could lead to low-job satisfaction and morale. The management should therefore ensure that employees understand all details pertinent to the proposed change before the change implementation process commences. When presenting change, the management should use meetings and negotiations. To ensure the implementation of change in the Desert communication Inc. is successful, the management should ensure that all the employees undertake a training to increase their competency in handling the new operations. Training helps to increase an employee’s morale, effectiveness, and productivity (Robbins and Judge 111). To attain increase in profitability, the Desert Communication management should ensure that all its employees are conversant with the new operations through training. Training will increase the number of products an employee can sell in one call or the number of calls made per an employee. The training should cover telephone etiquette and ways of capturing a potential consumer’s attention when selling products and services. Training process can be very expensive; therefore, to reduce training cost, an organization can tailor training to address different audiences concurrently. Training conveyed to a varied audience should address various factors including training needs for the various groups, education levels, and ethical standards and integrity. After the training process, it
Abstract Prescription drug abuse has increased in the recent years. More youth are being introduced to prescription drug abuse than anytime before. For the first time in the history of America, the number of new abusers of prescription drugs was at par with that of marijuana users. Depressants, stimulants and opioids have become among the most common causes of admissions in rehab centers. One important finding is that the rate of prescription drug abuse increased five fold while the rate of prescription of opioids increased. This means that most of these abused drugs are found in the house than bought over the counter. It was also established that the youth are the greatest abusers of these drugs. People aged between 17 and 29 were found to be the most abusive in most of the studies. Finally, alcohol is the only drug that showed a substantial reduction in its rate of abuse. Introduction Surprisingly, abuse of prescription drugs has taken an increasing trend for the last few years. The number of youth indulging in prescription drugs abuse has assumed an upward direction leading to concern among policy makers. In a study carried out recently, it was identified that abuse of painkillers was ranked the second most problematic issue in illegal drug abuse. It was beaten only by marijuana. Many people deny abusing these drugs with the nonchalant supposition that they were recommended by the medical practitioners. National Institute of Drug Abuse defines drug abuse as the action of, “taking a prescription medication that is not prescribed for you, or taking it for reasons or in dosages other than as prescribed” (2005, par. 1). While it might not seem harmful, prescription drugs abuse can have equally devastating effects like the illegal drugs. This paper intends to point out the extent of prescription drug abuse in American youth today. Examples of Abused Drugs Several drugs are abused. Unlike illegal drugs, availability of prescription drugs makes it possible for the youth to access them. For instance, all they need is go to the cupboard, take out the drugs, and use them. National Institute of Drug Abuse further outlines the most abused prescription drugs. Among the most outlined drugs are opioids. These are drugs prescribed as painkillers. They are also prescribed to patients that require depression of the central nervous system. They are prescribed mostly for anxiety and sleep disorder patients. This drug is also used by ADHD and narcolepsy patients as a stimulant. Under this group, there are several types including hydrocodone. One of the brand names for hydrocodone is vicodin. There is Oxycodone whose brand names include OxyContin. Then there is propoxyphene whose brand names include Darvon. There is Hydromorphone whose brand names include Dilaudid. There is meperidine including Demerol. Finally, there is Diphenoxylate, which includes Lomotil. Other prescription-abused drugs include Pentobarbita sodium wh
Introduction The pursuit of knowledge has been the order of most working scientists as well as philosophers of science in the past years. This knowledge referred to is treated as synonymous with natural and physical science. However, there have been different schools of thought in the field of science and during the pursuit of the knowledge. These different schools have caused great difference between the philosophers of science and the working scientists. The differences range from the position of realism, idealism, criticism, falsification, empiricism, rationalism and instrumentalism with relation to various philosophers as well as scientist who stand to defend their position. This paper therefore seeks to address the crisis of modern science, how and why the religion and metaphysics continue with their long and slow decline as well the role of Romanticism in the crisis of modern science in reference to Tarnas book the Passion of the Western Mind. The crisis of the modern science : Science was the only solution to the differences and problems created by philosophy and religion (Tarnas 355). He asserts that science attained a golden age in the 19 th and early 20 th centuries due to researches from institutional and academic organizations that linked science with technology (Tarnas 355). However, though science was viewed as a solution to problems, it had its own drawbacks. The crisis of science started with the Einstein’s theories of relativity (Tarnas 355). The fundamental transformation in the scientific world was staggering and only physicists understood what was happening (Tarnas 356). In addition, when Einstein’s was” confronted with the Contradictions on his description of an atom”, he wrote, “all my attempts to adapt the theoretical foundation of physics knowledge failed completely” (Tarnas 356). These challenges made the people who had considered science as the solution to their problems loose hope of science as well being confused, as they had no ideas of what was happening (Tarnas 358). Moreover, this formed the foundation of scientists to challenge each other as well as proving the other scientists who had their effort in past discoveries, that their findings were naïve. Science a solution to the problems of reality failed when the physicists failed to come to a consensus on how to interpret the existing evidence with respect to defining the ultimate nature of reality (Tarnas 358). “The problems that were encountered in the human psyche now emerged in the structure of physical world that was not only difficult for the layperson to comprehend, but also to human intuition in general” (Tarnas 358). The effort to search for a solution was affected by contradictions, disjunctions and paradoxes. Though man had a peculiar capacity of consciousness, these contradictions among the physicists led him to more disaster (Tarnas 358). The
Introduction Brain-based learning is a current teaching approach based on neuroscientists research that suggest that biologically driven framework for creating effective instruction should be adopted by teachers when giving instructions and teaching children. The approach acknowledges that at different development stages, children have certain brain power that can absorb certain issues. Depending with the age and social setting, instructors should adopt educational techniques that are brain-friendly to facilitate learning and memory. The main reason why there are some schools that perform poorly than others is because teachers fail to know the best way to handle and teach their students; every student has potential thus the most important thing is to ensure that there is an environment that can improve the
Introduction A criminal profile is a well developed psychological sketch of the offender based on the state of the scene of the crime. Criminal profiling is normally the third wave of investigative science. It comes after the study of clues and crime itself. In many instances, behavior reflecting personality is a basic premise. It is therefore important to collect information on the personality of the offender through questions about their behaviors at four stages. Each phase has a unique contribution in the court presentation process. Criminal profiling involves crime scene analysis which links the behavioral evidence present at the scene of the crime to the personality attributes of the suspected offender, and diagnostic evaluation used to determine the motive behind the killing. (Koscis, 2007, p.280). Offender profiling therefore reflects the various disciplines used in it. (Palermo, 2005, p.5) Antecedent As an investigator at this initial stage, there is need to understand the plan or fantasy that the murderer had in place before he/she acted. It is important to get to an understanding of what triggered the offender to act on some occasions and not others. Understanding the previous events before the murder helps the investigator gain a clear insight on how and why the crime occurred. For example, if the offender had disagreements with the victim over land boundary issues; this could be the source of the plan put in place to murder the victim. Method and manner (modus operandi) It is extremely important to make sure that the victims murdered by the given killer have been properly analyzed. The way and style through with the murder was conducted is an important aspect that should be fully understood by the investigator. For instance, did the killer shot or strangle? Operation mode is so crucial in linking cases but it has to be examined carefully. Operation methods change and as victims commit more offences they learn more operation techniques (Ebisike, 2008, p.2), and there are several things that determine the offender’s choice of a method at a given criminal instance. The method used in the killing is very important to the investigator in offender profiling.e.g. in an instance where an offender is found illegally handling a fire arm; he can be easily connected to a shooting killing case. Body disposal Coming to a clear knowledge of whether the murder and disposal of the body occurred at the same scene is very i
Abstract Successful leadership entails the development of a strategy to align the leader’s interests with those of the followers. Followers have a major influence on the success of a leader because a lack of parallelism in the expectations of the respective parties translates to failure. Leaders should, therefore, look into developing high performance teams, and providing the necessary guidance to show commitment to empowering followers and facilitating the attainment of their expectations. Similarly, followers must ensure that they are committed to applying the relevant effort to deliver the required results. This study reveals that lack of cohesion, presence of differing expectations, and poor skills are the main reasons behind followers-related failure for leaders. Introduction The primary role of leaders in an organization is to look into developing strategies to meet the goals highlighted by stakeholders. This implies that they need to be highly efficient in solving challenges that might face various projects, and they also need to provide guidance to the human assets handling the projects. The style of leadership assumed by a leader has a big influence on their success in leadership. For instance, if the power distance between the leader and the followers is high, the leader might use the coercive approach to ensure the objectives of the company are attained (Prooijen & Lange, 2014). While leaders must look for solutions to the challenges emanating from their followers, the latter should also be obligated to show commitment to attaining mutual organizational goals (Banerjee & Ceri, 2016). Literature Review According to Whistman (2016), one of the most important initiatives that a leader must take to avoid failure is ensuring that followers are in sync, in terms of skills and knowledge. It is imperative to develop a high performance team by first ensuring that every member of the team is acquainted with the desired goals and the timeline for delivering goals. Whistman (2016) suggests that the most effective way of eliminating failure resulting from incompetent followers is ensur
The increase of divorce in America has been at an alarming rate. In the recent years, the divorce rates have been increasing while the marriage rates have been declining. There have been changes in the definition of a family in the current generation. This is quite discouraging even to the people who are not married. One wonders at the purpose of the marriage vows and the place they have in an individual’s life. Solot admits that she did not have the enthusiasm to get married.” Perhaps it has to do with too many unhappily married people and the divorces I’ve seen, too many breezily pledged lifetime vows that lose their meaning long before the lifetimes end”(Solot, 2011, p481). The dillusionment with marriage is quite understandable due to the high rates of divorce. Young women now prefer to cohabit rather than take the vows or walk down the aisle. In fact when several married couples are questioned they admit that they lived with their partner before they got married. Some of them even had children before they did a formal union. The high divorce rates have caused researchers to investigate the major causes of divorce. There have also been parallel studies conducted on the causes of the decline in marriage. A study on couples investigating causes of divorce found that couples cited infidelity as one of the major causes of divorce. In marriages where one of the partners has admitted to fidelity, it was also a very high predicting factor for divorce. When a partner is unfaithful, it mostly ends up with the marriage going to the rocks. However, fidelity should not be construed to be the major cause of divorce. Infidelity is usually as a result of estrangement between the spouses. There is low communication and the spouses are unsatisfied in their relationship. The couples who see the real causes and not infidelity progress faster in future relationships than the ones who do not. “Infidelity appears to play a central role in many people’s understandings of how their marriages unravel, and individuals who cite infidelity as a cause of divorce show poorer adjustment than individuals who cite other causes” (Amato, 2003) Other reasons for divorce that were given were personality clashes and lack of communication. The partners are unable to communicate or listen to each other leading to frustration. There are other major causes of divorce such as mental cruelty,
A true profession is characterized by a lifetime devotion to one’s specialized area of training when serving others while adding value to one’s quality of work in addition to Integrity of character, sound knowledge, and excellent skills. Honesty, accurate and true dissemination of information in addition to individual responsibility for ones’ actions define true professions. A true profession is guided by professional ethics and code of conduct without biasness in terms of gender, race, and ethnic affiliations. A true profession is bound by ethical standards which outline disciplinary actions on an errant professional and defines professional behavior. A true professional is competent, maintains confidentiality in addition to putting the services of those in whose interest services are rendered first with positive attitudes. The key difference between a professional and a non professional is that a professional acquires a body of knowledge on the codes of conduct which guide one in decision making and moral judgment (Khurana and Nohria 72). Non-professionals are not bound by any social contracts and do not go through any formal training on codes of conduct. A decision with moral implications I have made in the past is when I was in a moral dilemma to release confidential information about a customer who owed the company I work for a big sum of money. Though I had access to information about the credit status of the customer, I did not release information since it could be contrary to the professional ethics of maintaining confidentiality. Works Cited Khurana, Rakesh. Nohria Nitin. It’s Time to Make Management a true Profession. Harvard Business Review. October 2008. 10 May, 2010 https://hbr.org/2008/10/its-time-to-make-management-a-true-profession
Organization Demographics The total number of students enrolled at the Northern Illinois University estimates over 20 thousand people (15027 undergraduates, 4850 graduates, 253 College of Law students), and the staff is represented by over 3000 people ( Fast Facts , 2015). The undergraduate population of the University is rather diverse and includes 57% of students of white background, 15.9 and 15.4% of Black and Asian students accordingly, 5% Asian individuals, and 3.5% of people with two or more ethnicities ( Fast Facts , 2015). The male to female ratio demonstrates close to equal numbers (50.8% men and 49.2% women among undergraduates, 53.6% women and 46.6% men among graduates) ( Fast Facts , 2015). Moreover, the average age of the undergraduate students is 22, while that of the graduate population is 32. Blended Learning Background In the contemporary world, where time is one of the most valuable resources, many workplaces and educational organizations started to focus on making their working schedules more flexible in order to ensure access to their programs and projects for multiple students and workers. The blended education programs as NIU include online and video courses combined with the standard attendance programs. They are facilitated by the NIU Outreach Centers located in the Northern Ill