ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Films have been used to not only entertain the audience but also inform and educate members of a community. They pass powerful messages meant to revolutionize a people towards a given path of development. The films Let the Church Say Amen , produced during the new millennium era, and The Great Dictator , produced during the talkies era, gives a perfect reflection of the challenges that ordinary people face in society. In both cases, the director uses specific characters to demonstrate the unique challenges that people go through due to the socio-economic and political forces. In this paper, the researcher seeks to use the hero’s journey to analyze these two films in connection to their time. Comparative Analysis of the Films Using Stages of the Hero’s Journey Hero’s journey provides stages that the protagonists go through in their quest to transform society. It outlines the pain and suffering they have to endure before they stand out as heroes in their societies. It is a useful tool widely used when analyzing different types of films. In this section of the paper, the focus is to analyze the two films based on this theory and how they are connected to their time and society. Connection of Each Film to Its Own Time and How It Is Similar to Cultural Mythologies The film The Great Dictator , which was released in 1940, focused on the events of the Second World War. This film specifically shows how a section of the community, Jews, suffered primarily due to their race. The Barber epitomizes the suffering that the minority faced in this community despite their fidelity to their nation. When he is finally mistaken for Hynkel, the ruler, and given an opportunity to address the nation, he gives a passionate speech about the need for brotherhood and unity. The Barber says, “I’m sorry, but I don’t want to be an emperor. That’s not my business. I don’t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone, if possible, Jew, Gentile, black man, white” ( The Great Dictator ). The statement seeks to promote unity among people of different races, religions, and other demographical classifications. It is important to take note of the emphasis he placed on racial unity. Being a Jew, he knew the pain that the minority went through at the hands of the dictator. He was determined to influence the masses to embrace democracy and unity in society. He says, “Greed has poisoned men’s souls, has barricaded the world with hate, has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed” ( The Great Dictator ). He believes that the current hatred can only destroy society instead of developing it as the dictators had promised. Having been a soldier, he understands that the power of their dictators lies in the loyalty of the soldiers. Approaching the end of his speech, he directly addresses the soldiers. He tells them, “Don’t
The issue of African slavery in the colonial world has remained topical until nowadays due to its magnitude and consequences. At the same time, there were other forms of serfdom in the past, which are now discussed within the context of their relation to African slavery. Indentured servitude was one of the dominating systems of labor in the British colonies in the New World. Nevertheless, despite the nature of subjugation, there are several factors that make it inherently different in comparison to African slavery. The purpose of this paper is to examine white indentured servitude as it is portrayed in the 1935 film Captain Blood in the periods before and during African slavery. The institute of indentured servitude existed in the 17 th and 18 th centuries, forming the core of the labor force in the British Colonies. Smith states that this system was primarily used for individuals who wanted to escape their old lives in Great Britain (3). Indentured servitude could provide such people with a free passage to the New World, but they would have to serve for several years or decades as a form of payback. As a rule, they willingly accepted the offer due to financial reasons preventing them from paying for the passage. In addition, those who faced capital punishment in the old world usually had indented servitude as their final option. Peter Blood had a similar destiny, as he had his execution replaced by ten years of servitude in the New World ( Captain Blood) . Overall, such people willingly sold their freedom for a certain period following a basic cost and benefit analysis. In the case of
Consumer behavior Consumer behavior is the critical analysis of how, when, where and why people purchase or not purchase a particular commodity. It brings together the elements of economic, individualism, social status and sociology (Placeholder 5) (Holbrook, 1999). The main aim of consumer behavior is trying to comprehend the purchaser’s decision-making process made by a group or individual. It involves critical analysis of a particular consumer traits, such as behavioral variables, as well as demographics in the urge to comprehend an individual wants (Sheth, 2008). Moreover, it tries to look at the influence on the consumer of a particular product of other parties, such as the reference groups, family, allies and the society in general (Aron, 2007). Consumer is influenced by different factors namely internal and external ones. The internal factors are those that the consumer already possesses within himself or herself (Mcneal, 2007). They include the personality, attitude towards a product, consumer life style, e.g. miser or spendthrift, his/her understanding of the product, consumer perception and motivation (Rayne, 2002). External factors can further be divided into two: the marketing factors and the environment factors. Marketing factors include the commodity the consumer wants to buy himself, the price that commodity commands, the area the commodity can got and the advertisement that the product receives (Otto, 2005). The environment factors include technological advancement, political stability, economic situation within the country, and cultural factors. The consumer who faces all these factors which are needed to make a decision, thinks that they will satisfy his needs (Mcnel, 2007). The consumer will make a choice on the product he has to buy. Thus, he/she decides on the brand that he thinks is best for him, the amount he is willing to part with the product he has chosen, the supplier whom he thinks best fits his needs, and the moment or the time when he wants to make the purchase (Hwan, 2003). With all these in mind, it is the mandate for the marketing companies departments to know how to convince the consumers in order to prefer their products and develop loyalty to them. This can be achieved particularly in the car industry by ensuring that the companies manufacture cars which are of high quality, efficient, effective and the ones, which meets the consumer needs. Research problem and objective Lack of adequate information about the factors affecting the consumer buying behavior in car industry in Hong Kong has led to the fact that many companies are not reaping the maximum benefits from the market, which leads to low sales turnover. Many industries remain stagnant because the Hong Kong consumers cannot purchase the cars they manufacture. This leads to great losses, which can be curbed if these companies understand the consumer buying behaviors. These knowhow can only be realized if more studies are c
Introduction In contemporary society, the expression of sexuality is viewed by some antagonistic feminists as the pinnacle of moral decay. However, irrespective of the stance, both protagonists and antagonists agree that human beings have a deep interest in the sexual material and the image of sex. This reflective treatise explores the written media on the subject of the expression of sexuality. Specifically, it reviews the topic of sexuality in the book Kama Sutra Sex: Kama Sutra Underground Sex Guide to Making Your Lover Addicted to You by Jack Korbid. The choice of the book was based on its wide coverage and almost platinum status in the US as a platform for the expression of sexuality. The book is very popular with women, who have an interest in the topic of sexuality expression explored by the author. The paper also explores stereotypes, gender expectations, and assumptions made by the author about the sexual orientation of the audience. Sexuality Book Review Sexual expression in the media can be traced to the early centuries of Ancient Greece and Rome. They had frescos depicting threesomes, cunnilingus, and fellatio (Penny 13). Interestingly, as early as the second century, the Kama Sutra handbook was more of a sex manual rather than a relationship book. The book Kama Sutra Sex: Kama Sutra Underground Sex Guide to Making Your Lover Addicted to You is an interesting sex guide written by Jack Korbid that is aimed primarily at the female audience. The book concentrates on sexual arousal and suggests the use of aids to catch the attention of your partner. The author delves into the sensitive issue of proper image packaging as part and parcel of sexual stimulation (Korbid 12). The book contains scenarios that take a reader into a world of sexual fantasy full of experimentation and perfection. Korbid explains some of the most erotic tricks to boost sexual urge and explores them in detail. These tricks include biting, kissing, touching, and proper body preparation for satisfactory sex. Korbid creates a world of fantasy in the mind of the reader by exploring different possible poses for deeper and longer sexual intercourse. Interestingly, the author is keen to discuss each pose in detail and leaves the reader with very little to imagine. For instance, in discussing pleasure zones, the author engages the reader on a journey of kinky sex that is associated with how the body is packaged before sex and during seduction (Korbid 31). In chapter three, the author explains the importance of a woman having a lusty, sensual, and passionate voice to activate passion in a man before sex (Korbid 28). Korbid suggests that intimacy cannot be complete if the element of provocation is passive. Sexual expression can be found in the form of semi-nude and arousing pictures of beautiful sexual objects. These illustrations satisfy the reader’s fantasy for different sex positions. The females are illustrated in provocative poses and display their sexuality in the form of exposed breasts, tights underpants, and the exaggeration of their curves (Korbid 33). The book exploits the desire, imagination, and fantasies of the male gender towards sexual appeal comi
The Knights Templar is believed to be a religious military order that carried out its activities for approximately two centuries during the Middle Ages. The order, which grew rapidly in membership and power, had numerous different names and its members had numerous other titles. This Western Christian military order began as a small gathering of monks. As the order increased its membership across the European countries, its members were required to live certain lifestyles as Templars. The order was mainly active from 1119 to 1314 and it received a blessing from the Pope in around 1129. The members of the order wore white mantles with a red cross and they were mainly involved in combat during the crusades. Its influence was felt throughout Christendom and non-combatant members of the order invested heavily in other sectors of the economy. This highly secretive organization had a role to offer protection to the pilgrims who were going to the Holy Land. The first crusade, which took place in 1099, made the city of Jerusalem to be detained. Thereafter, several religious pilgrimages were made to visit the Holy Places. As much as Jerusalem was safely guarded, the rest of the Outremer region was not since many pilgrims were robbed and murdered as they attempted to make their journey to the Holy Land. Following these threats, around 1119, the French knight Hugues de Payens and his next of kin Godfrey de Saint-Omer, decided to form a secret society to protect the pilgrims. When the veterans of the first crusade presented this proposal to King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, he allowed them to create the monastic order. They then established their headquarters at Al Alqsa Mosque, on Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, which was thought to be the ruins of the Temple of the Old Testament King Solomon. Because of this, the order was called the “Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon,” or “Templar” knights (Ralls, 147). When the organization began, it had only nine members and they were highly dependant on donations for carrying out of their activities. The activities of the members were confined to the vows of poverty, chastity, and allegiance to the Grand Master or president, and besides their typical dressing style, they wore chainmail while in battle (Williams, 104). They fearlessly fought many battles, for example, against the Saracens, in defense of what they believed in. The poor status that the warrior monks were living in di
Introduction Cleopatra VII who was often referred to as Cleopatra ruled Egypt under the Ptolemaic dynasty. Ptolemies were the rulers of Egypt. Their leadership began with Ptolemy I Soter who assumed this position in 305 BC. Cleopatra was the last Ptolemy. The Ptolemies were Greek Macedonians in origin. After the death of Alexander the Great, they ruled Egypt for almost 300years, starting from 305BC to 30BC. Cleopatra was born in 69BC in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. She ruled an empire that was inclusive of Cyprus, modern-day Libya, Egypt, and some other Middle East territories. She was not only a very stunning woman but also an intellectual and a multilingual who earned her right to rule over Egypt and other territories. Moreover, Cleopatra’s seductive skills also accentuated her position as a strong woman, especially regarding her sexual escapades with Mark Anthony and Julius Caesar. She played a major role in the unification of the Egyptians since she learnt their language, traditions, and even dressed just like the Egyptian goddess, Isis. Cleopatra was a queen who would do anything to protect her kingdom from foreign interference at whatever cost. Therefore, she was very shrewd and heartless. For instance, she not only killed her brother but also put herself in the path of power by establishing a coalition with Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony. Being a suspect on the assassination of Julius Caesar showed that she could not stop at anything to successfully amass power. According to Miles (2011), Cleopatra was neither Caesar’s toy nor a sexual predator but an Egyptian queen who was heir to the Ptolemy dynasty. This research seeks to analyze her position as an Egyptian Pharaoh by addressing the alliance with Julius Caesar before he was assassinated. It also addresses Cleopatra and Mark Antony’s relationship after the death of Julius Caesar. The Alliance with Julius Caesar Ptolemy’s rule was characterized by an imbalanced friendship between his kingdom and Rome. Thus, many people, especially the Egyptian elite, challenged his rule (Ashton). Following a breakout with her brother and her father’s (Ptolemy- XII) demise, Cleopatra was forced to flee from the Royal palace. In a well-calculated move, she decided to form an alliance with Caesar. Caesar was embroiled in a civil war against the Roman general, Pompey, who had fled to Egypt with the hope of garnering support from Cleopatra’s brother and Pharaoh at the time, namely, Ptolemy-XIII, whereby the Pharaoh decided to execute him. Caesar went to Egypt where he was given Pompey’s head, something that made him unhappy. Egypt, which is the Roman Empire’s main source of grain, was instrumental for the Empire’s stability. Ptolemy XIII also tried to solidify his position as Pharaoh by asking Caesar to regard him as the only ruler of Egypt. However, as Cleopatra was restricted from seeking audience with Caesar, she managed to sneak into the Alexandrian palace by persuading her servant Apollodoros to wrap her in a carpet that was to be delivered to Caesar. She managed to ple
Introduction Entering a new market is a challenge that requires thorough analysis. The given situation portrays the emergence of the new segments in the pharmaceutical, personal care, and nutritional industries – cosmeceuticals, nutricosmetics, and nutraceuticals. These sectors are rapidly growing, and there is a geographical dominance observed with China and Japan, accounting for 90% of the global nutricosmetics markets, and the USA dominating the nutraceutical segment at approximately 45%. These sectors started expanding in Australia. That is why it is vital to analyze the trends in these industries in the case of entering the market. Survey Analysis The available survey covers eight questions that provide the most necessary information that should be analyzed before entering the market. If thoroughly assessed, it will help to understand the current situation in these segments in Australia and what segments are underdeveloped. What is special about this study is that it includes a question that is of extreme importance while conducting any analysis – the accuracy of data (Statistical Services Centre 19). Because every respondent provided the confidence rating, the insight specialist can choose to focus on the answers with the highest rating because they will be the most accurate. The coverage of the survey is enough to decide which segment to enter, as it provides the information about income, product type, age band, and monthly spending on products of every segment in all states of Australia. The fact that the data is provided for every state is also useful because it will help minimize the risk of making errors while estimating the segments as it provides strata of the survey (Chromy and Abeyasekera 390). Analytic Solution 1 The first solution is to analyze the level of segment development in the states. It will be achieved by assessing the popularity of every product type in every state. The motivation for this solution is that before entering a new market, it is necessary to conduct its analysis (Stark and Stewart par. 4). Finding out the demand for each product type is the first and foremost step in the estimation. Moreover, it is necessary for defining the entry points (“How to Enter a New Market?” par. 2), as it will help determine what segment is least developed but is characterized by the highest rates of demand. Analytic Solution 2 The second solution centers on the end consumer, as the individual is the one who decides the fate of the business (Varma par. 4). It is another step in analyzing the market that will help in determining its size with special attention to the percentage of customers in every segment and their monthly spending on the products of the chosen industry (Horn, Lovallo and Viguerie par. 14). Conclusion – Recommendations Based on the findings of the survey, the first recommendation is to enter the nutraceuticals market. The motivation for this recommendation is that most cust
Introduction He was born in 1939 in South Dakota’s Pine Ridge Reservation. The eldest son of Hank Means , Theodora (Feather) Means, which stands for a full-blooded Yankton Sioux. Russell is known to abhor what other Americans refer to him as Native American. This is a generic term that is used to refer to the indigenous prisoners of the United States. These are the Micronesians, American Samoans, and the Aleutes, erroneously termed Eskimos (inupiats and Upiks), Hawaiians and the American Indian. He says he prefers the term American Indian because with it he says he knows the origin. The word Indian comes from two Spanish words, En Dio which when translated means, in with God. In the international conference of Indians from America that was held in 1977 at the United Nations Geneva, Switzerland, Russell stands out with the common agreement that was reached; to go under the term American Indian. He says they were colonized under the term American Indians, enslaved as American Indians and he believes that they will gain their independence under the term American Indian, Annette, J., (1992). Native Americans in the United States It’s a term used to refer to the indigenous people from the North America region that is encompassed by the currently continental United States that includes part of Alaska. They are composed of a number of distinct states, tribes and ethnic groups. Many of these still endure as political communities. There is a controversy over the wide range of terms used to describe them. Some of these are known as Indians Amerindians, American Indians, Amerinds, Aboriginal, indigenous or Original Americans. Some of the Native Americans do not come from contiguous U.S. some of them come from insular regions and others from Alaska. Some of these e.g. Alaskan Native such as Yupik Eskimos, Inupiaq and Aleuts are not always regarded as Native Americans although in the Census 2000 demographics they are listed as “Alaskan Native American Indian” collectively. A
Introduction Every child needs comprehensive support from the state and society. That is why it is crucial to study and place great emphasis on the protection of the rights of this demographic. This is especially true of providing satisfactory conditions for a good life. In this paper, two scholarly articles on the topic of children’s rights will be analyzed. Their study will help to gain more in-depth knowledge about the rights of minors and determine which of the studies can have a more effective contribution to the development of this area of society. The first article under research by Kutsar et al. (2019) is called “Does the Realization of Children’s Rights Determine Good Life in 8-Year-Olds’ Perspectives?”. In this paper, the authors compare the rights of juveniles and their realization in eight European countries. The main task is to consider how the established procedures at the legislative level are used in practice since, in many cases, the problem of their reflection is noted. To understand the topic better, the authors resorted to studying the point of view of the subjects of the rights themselves and their ideas about them. The study examines the relationship between indicators of subjective well-being within the framework of rights and subjective perception of a satisfying and acceptable life (Kutsar et al., 2019). To investigate this aspect, eight-year-old children were involved. The study reveals that the most significant aspects of children’s rights are care and a sense of security (Kutsar et al., 2019). Moreover, participation and non-discrimination, together with other factors, determine a satisfying life in most countries. The article by Vogt et al. (2016) titled “Human Rights Dimensions of Food, Health and Care in Children’s Homes in Kampala” considers the observance of the rights of minors in Uganda. In this country, the state follows international law to ensure such human rights as adequate nutrition, health care, and protection for the underage part of the population (Vogt et al., 2016). The article pursues two main goals, which are to analyze the attitudes and views of adolescents, especially girls, on topics such as nutrition, health, and care. The second goal is to study whether the conditions organized in orphanages correspond to the basic postulates of legislation on children’s rights. The selected indicators in children’s organizations varied greatly, and some showed utterly unsatisfactory results. Thus, the authors emphasize the importance of changing the state of affairs in relation to the provision of due care and health in orphanages in Uganda. Methodological analysis As already mentioned, the implementation of the rights of minors may not always be supported by successful results in practice. In many countries, some aspects of this legislation are either overlooked or not fully realized, and the focus is only on some of them. Addressing the subject of this right directly can give a large amount of valuable knowledge and will help to form an understanding of the areas suffering the most. In a study by Kumar et al. (2019), a bottom-up approach was implemented using three leading indicators – fami