ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The delivery system of medical care in America today is an extensive institution, with numerous types of institutions such as clinics, hospitals and boarding houses. The US health care system does not provide uniform coverage for citizens at the federal level. In this regard, there are several basic types of financial relationships between the patient and health care. The MediCare system is designed to help older people as well as people with disabilities and minorities. There is also a MedicAid system that takes care of the poor who are unable to pay for any medical support. The main type of insurance in the United States is private insurance provided at work to an employee. However, depending on the type of work and the status of the employee, the insurer may reserve the option to cover only a certain type of treatment for a specific illness. The financial implications of getting health care without insurance can have devastating consequences for an individual’s budget (Vogenberg, 2019). Perhaps it is this double standard of medical policy in the United States that seems to be its most vulnerable point. The system as a whole can be characterized as unstable due to the unequal distribution of health care. A possible solution to this problem could be the guaranteed provision of medical care of any level of complexity. The collective mistrust of the modern healthcare system is attributed to the risk of denial of support due to the limited validity of the contract (Camillo, 2017). Perhaps organizing a single insurance system at the federal level could provide equal support to the middle class in America. Private clinics are both commercial organizations and a natural way out if it is impossible to get help from the state. The cost of private medical services, however, is available only to the highest stratum of the population. However, a redistribution of the state budget towards the middle stratum of the American population could democratize medicine in the United States.
An organization is a group of people who work together with coordinated efforts to achieve certain objectives or goals. Organizational goals and objectives are of various categories and it is this variation of the goals and objectives which classify organizations into three main categories namely profit making; service based and social responsibility based organizations (Murray, Poole, and Jones, 2006. pp.45-69). Organizational culture refers to shared beliefs, values, norms and practices which characterize an organization. Organizational culture is a very important aspect in any organization which aspires to realize its vision through the mission (Murray, et al, 2006. pp.45-69). There are various models of organizational culture. One such model is the power culture, which is characterized by centralization of power to some few people within the organization. These people are usually very influential in organizations and therefore everybody else tends to foster a good relationship with them. In this culture, employees are motivated to the degrees into which they emulate those persons in positions of power. According to Morgan, organizations are composed of people of varied personal interests, tasks and careers (Morgan, 1998). It is on these grounds that Morgan describes organizations as political entities. On his part, Pfeffer defines organizational politics as ‘those activities carried out by people to acquire, enhance, and use power and other resources to obtain their preferred outcomes in a situation where there is uncertainty or disagreement” (Pfeffer, 1981.p.4). As per this definition therefore, organizational politics implies the use of organizational power and culture to make certain decisions in regard to key organizational issues with a view of promoting both organizational agenda as well as personal agenda. Power and politics in organizations are therefore intertwined because whoever who makes decisions must hold or occupy a position of power in the organization concerned. This makes the study of organizational politics complicated because it presents varied vested interests, which are usually not easily visible, but are integrated with personal interests. Organizational politics is not an issue which can be easily understood because for one to know or understand the politics, he or she has to be acquainted with the organizational functions, procedures, processes and its mission and vision. One issue which is linked to organizational politics is the issue of promotion and demotion of employees. Some managers may abuse their positions of power in the promotion or demotion of employees by promoting employees who are loyal to them or those who are ‘user friendly’ and demoting those who are not ‘user friendly’. They do this in order to have an opportunity to continue pushing for their selfish interests as th
Care Coordination and Nursing Homes: The Nature of the Issue Care coordination is a considerable problem for long-term facilities, including nursing homes, due to the amount of interactions between specialists (Primaris, 2015). Examples of specialists that collaborate with nursing home residents: physicians, nurses, residential staff, certified healthcare assistants, internists (Primaris, 2015). In the context of nursing homes, care coordination can take diverse forms:  1. Close collaboration with hospitals to get detailed health information pertaining to new nursing home residents.  2. Timely exchange of information with hospitals to manage and address residents’ need for acute care services.  3. Focused communication with residents and families in order to develop and improve care plans or keep families updated on their relatives’ health status in case of acute issues (Primaris, 2015). Dear audience, as those working in long-term care, you definitely know how important it is to practice a patient-oriented approach to care provision. In nursing, the coordination of care is aimed at improving the organization of patient care activities involving different participants in order to facilitate service delivery and maximize positive outcomes for the patient. Without exaggeration, care coordination is the issue of utmost significance for nursing homes since these receiving facilities are to organize effective interactions between residents/families and medical and care staff. In its guide for nursing homes, Primaris (2015) highlights that care coordination is a very broad topic for such facilities since it involves purposeful communication with both hospital service providers and residents and their families. In this presentation, we will delve into the ethical and policy factors affecting the organization of such communication and discuss issues surrounding care coordination in nursing homes. Care Coordination/Continuum of Care in Nursing Homes and Ethical Standards   * The Code of Ethics for Nurses establishes non-negotiable ethical standards that any healthcare institution is supposed to support and implement.   * Provision 7.1: nurses should maintain their commitment to patients “throughout the continuum of care” (American Nurses Association, 2015, p. 42).   * Provision 3.1 discusses issues at the confluence of patient privacy and teamwork.   * Provision 3.1: nursing professionals are responsible for providing necessary and accurate information to those “who have a need to know” (ANA, 2015, p. 21).   * Provision 3.1: the principle of patient confidentiality is not absolute and can be modified to promote safety or comply with mandatory reporting requirements (ANA, 2015).   * Provision 3.1: data security must be emphasized when sharing data using electronic health records (ANA, 2015).   * Provision 3.1: to be disclosed to other parties, patient information should be relevant to the planned task (ANA, 2015).   * Provision 1.3: nurse leadership involves planning care in a way that reduces the threat of patient suffering and using unwanted treatments (ANA, 201
Introduction In the Book of Job, Satan attempts to prove to God that Job will turn against God if he endures enough suffering. Satan takes away Job’s wealth, children, and servants, then curses Job with painful sores all over his body. However, even in suffering, Job does not give up his faith; instead, he ponders God’s ways and motives. Main body The central problem of the book is “What is the proper attitude of man toward the government of God?” (Ballantine 123). However, this problem is also complemented by Job’s personal questions to God. For instance, Job wonders why God judges and punishes men for their sins when he can alter their behavior instead. He also questions God’s justness, arguing that he lets wicked men live in prosperity while innocent men suffer (Cooper 228). During their dialogue, each of Job’s friends shares their opinion on the situation. Most of them are fearful of God and suppose that Job must have done something evil to get such a terrible punishment. Elihu, on the other hand, offers a notable opinion, suggesting that pain and suffering are one of God’s ways of communicating with people and that misery is necessary to appreciate the gifts of God when they come. Conclusion God resolves all the questions posed in the book. In response to Job’s questions, he exposes how limited human knowledge of God is, thus showing that it is not up to men to question God’s ways. God also rewards Job for his patience by granting him prosperity, new children, and long life. Thus, the central question of the poem is answered through Job’s story of devotion to God both in times of prosperity and in times of suffering. Therefore, the Book of Job serves to provide hope and guidance for people in difficult situations (Hazard 60). It is also an essential part of the Hebrew Bible that establishes the proper relations between men and God. Works Cited Ballantine, W. G. “The Book of Job.” The Old and New Testament Student , vol. 10, no. 2, 1890, pp. 123–123. Cooper, Alan. “The Sense of the Book of Job.” Prooftexts , vol. 17, no. 3, 1997, pp. 227–244. Hazard, M. C. “The Book of Job.” The Biblical World , vol. 53, no. 1, 1919, pp. 60–64.
Introduction Psychosis has been recognized as a motivation for some individuals to commit crimes. Many psychiatric conditions are associated with crime. However, the most common of them is schizophrenia. Researchers in psychiatry, psychology, and criminology have devoted a lot of their time to the study of the relationship between crime and psychosis. The most widely studied of them is schizophrenia (Acharya, 2008). Many positive correlations have been found between violent behavior and schizophrenia, with few researchers devoting their work to the study of the relationship between schizoaffective behavior and crime. Schizoaffective disorder is one of the conditions that are associated with psychosis. It belongs to the same spectrum of mental illnesses as schizophrenia. According to Ferranti, McDermott, and Scott (2013), the condition is a cause of morbidity for patients with mental illness. The prevalence of this condition in people sentenced to prison or punished for committing acts of violence is high. Several studies link psychosis to the high prevalence of crime. Three common characteristics in schizoaffective disorder that correlate with murder are hallucination, delusion, and disorganized thinking. This research paper looks at the
Introduction The expansion of youth gang and crime problem supports the intention to analyze the phenomenon and to devise the effective and sustainable intervention protocols. The problem of urban gang and gang affair has been documented in various studies, surveys and reports des. A wide range of studies have provided substantial volume of knowledge applicable in research and practice. The Review of the Historic Literature and the Examination of the Historic Policies From the historical perspective, studies showed that the emergence of the American gangs started in 1760s. The gangs were organized and emerged on the racial and ethnic principle. Ethnic homogeneity was their main characteristic. Some studies suggested that the first gangs organized in the US were Irish groups but later they were followed by Germans, Italians and Jewish groups (Van Ngo, 2009). However, gang affair is not a static phenomenon because it evolves with time in order to adapt to the new security measures and survive in the new societies and environments. The US, like other industrialized nations, has many urban areas with numerous cities, which have the ineffective social policies and a considerable population of the minority groups. However, there are some unique aspects of the development of young gangs and related crimes. For instance, gangs in the country are larger, complex, more prevalent and permanent within the community than in the other industrialized nations (Walker, Horner, Sugai, Bullis, et al., 2006). Theories, Styles, and Models of Leadership Addressing the Problem One of the major primary methods of prevention used in the last few decades involved the school-based prevention programs that targeted children and teenagers studied at school as the general population at risk. The theory or concept behind this method was based on the perception that the schools were some of the major targets for gangs. The public
Cardiac Amyloidosis Cardiac amyloidosis is a type of disease that attacks heart tissue. It is caused by the deposition of amyloid (abnormal protein) on the heart surface, which makes it hard thus cannot pump blood properly (Martinez-Naharro et al., 2018). This disorder interferes with the normal conduction system of the organ by blocking the movement of electric signals throughout the heart. After amyloid is deposited on the tissues, the proteins replace the heart muscles, making them stiff. The disease symptoms include the inability to exercise, frequent urination, especially at night, increased exhaustion or fatigue, breathing difficulty when lying down, and palpitations. Furthermore, an individual suffering the condition may experience swelling of legs, abdomen, and ankles. To detect the disorder, the following test can be performed; coronary angiography, nuclear heart scan, chest CT scan, echocardiogram, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). TTR Cardiac Amyloidosis (Transthyretin) TTR is a type of protein that aids in carrying vitamin A and thyroid hormones in the blood. It is made by the liver, and it consists of four similar parts. In this disorder, the unstable proteins break down then attach themselves to the heart (Siddiqi & Ruberg, 2018). There are two categories of TTR; Hereditary TTR amyloidosis and Will-type TTR amyloidosis. In hereditary type, there is a mutation of the inherited DNA amongst the family members. The changes make the familial TTR protein less stable hence capable of forming amyloid fibrils quickly (Rosenblum et al., 2018). The alteration of chemical composition makes it have different symptoms and affects either heart or nerves. On the other hand, Wild-type TTR amyloidosis does not undergo DNA mutation, thus making the disorder not be transferred from one generation to another. This type of TTR majorly occurs as an individual gets older; hence, the normal proteins become unsteady, and the misfolds form amyloid fibrils. In most cases, upon detection of TTR amyloidosis, an immediate blood test is conducted to identify the type. Lung Nodule A lung nodule is a disorder caused by abnormal growth that occurs in the lung. It is a prevalent type of infection that may develop in one or both lungs. The leading causes of pulmonary nodules are either infectious or neoplastic. It may also represent arteriovenous malformations, hamartoma, resolving pneumonia, and pulmonary infarction (Loverdos et al., 2019). Furthermore, other roots of the disease are scar tissue, air pollutants, fungal infection, and autoimmune illnesses. Symptoms of pulmonary nodule include
Abstract art is truly one of the most controversial and interesting movements in the history of art. Its dissimilarity with any other popular art movement and its unique style truly make it interesting for everybody who wants to understand the tradition of painting. Dutch Interior (III) by Joan Miró is one of the examples of the abstract art movement (Miró). It is a part of a series inspired by Dutch postcards of the 17 th century and reinterpreting them. The third picture in this sequence was made in 1928 in oil on canvas. The original postcard portrayed a woman taking a bath, but Miro’s work does not look similar to the original at all. It shows some chaotic images that do not constitute one logical composition. It takes time to understand that there is a woman at the center of the composition. Her body is very deformed, and she has a red dress, a black hat, and dark hands. Her body parts are completely unrealistic and look like the simplest geographical figures, something that a child would draw. There is a blue square in the upper-left corner of the image, which could represent a window. In the lower-left part, there are two small dark-brown figures that look like her shoes. Another drawing attention point in the picture, beside the woman, is a blue arrow and a small goat in the upper-right corner of the picture that has absolutely no reason to be there at all. They stand out against the background because they are white-colored, while the whole picture is yellow. This color symbolizes joyfulness; therefore, we can suggest that this woman is happy, and, perhaps, the arrow symbolizes that she fell in love, and her dress may support this point of view. For me, Dutch Interior (III) is one of the most interesting paintings in the abstract movement. I do not think it is one of the most popular works in the genre; however, I love it very much. I appreciate its chaotic and jagged composition and surreal color contrast. Despite its absolute oddness and lack of a concrete plot, I like it for its energy and tone. Reference Miró, Joan. Dutch Interior (III) . 1928, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
During colonial movements, the Spaniards actively used Christian symbols, faith, and language to ennoble their predatory interests. This approach is evident in Christopher Columbus’s “Letter of Discovery,” where he deliberately and rather ironically mentions the Divine Providence that gave him new lands. This paper aims to discuss if Christianity can be judged based on the actions of monarchists who referred to God as their source of power. In his “Letter of Discovery,” Columbus repeatedly asks God for divine blessings for the King of Spain, who sent an expedition to America, and thanks Divine Providence, which granted the Europeans these lands. Columbus practically, if not cynically, describes the Indians’ religion, noting with satisfaction their belief in a single supreme power that rules the world. In his opinion, it is very convenient for the king if he is going to convert the Indians to the Christian faith. Columbus writes: “This is a circumstance favorable for what our most serene King especially desires, that is, their conversion to the holy faith of Christ; for which they are very ready and prone” (par. 5). Probably, here lies the line between the purely formal use of the symbols of Christianity as an expression of royal power, and the truly hostile position of Christians towards the Indians. Based on the “Letter of Discovery,” neither Columbus nor the Spanish crown admitted the possibility of respect for the culture and religion of the Indians. On the contrary, the Spaniards regard them as an annoying ‘resource’ with which the islands are rich but which, unfortunately, have free will. The text also contains other, not related to the use of the Christian language, manifestations of disrespect for the local population. Columbus considers the Indians to be cowardly and naive and describes with condescension their hospitality and delight at the sight of strangers on large ships. Thus, neither Christianity nor the Christian language should be blamed for the imperial ambitions of the European crowns. The intentions behind the words, and the realization of these intentions through concrete actions, are much more important. The Europeans took over the continent and did not hide it too much from themselves or the Indians, and the Christian language simply allowed the use of euphemisms for obvious concepts and intentions. Therefore, opponents of the policy of the Spanish crown also used euphemisms to critically ridicule its aggressive position. Work Cited Columbus, Cristopher. Letter of Discovery . VIVA, 1493. Web.
Introduction The Act (P.L.110-140, H.R. 6) defines the ways renewable sources of energy can be used efficiently. The bill proposes to increase production and development of energy efficient renewable reserve hence reducing dependency on foreign oil (Schatt, 2007). The law has three major provisions :  1. Corporate Average Fuel Economy. The law states that cars and light trucks should be having a fuel economy of 35miles per gallon. For medium and heavy trucks, a fuel economy program would also be established. The law also seeks to make sure that there is an improvement in vehicle technology through different development programs.  2. Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS). This law sets the standards for production of bio fuels from 9.0 billion gallons in 2008. This will to rise to 36billion liters by 2020. Of the 36billion gallons, 21billion gallons should be from cellulosic ethanol and other advanced bio fuels (Rohall & Milkie, 2007).  3. Appliance and Lighting Efficiency Standards. In this law standards are set for the different kind of bulbs. They include incandescent bulbs and fluorescent bulbs. The bulbs should be light and energy efficient. Efficiency standards are also set for different household appliances. Each of the Titles of the Act is devoted to a specific aspect of the offered innovations. Particularly, Title XI touches upon energy, transportation and the infrastructure. It has four Subtitles: Subtitle A is about the requirements department of transportation in the industry; Subtitle B is devoted to railway transport; Subtitle C deals with Marine transportation; Subtitle D is devoted to highways (Sissine, 2007, p.18-19). In this paper, we will try to anticipate the impact of Title XI of The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 on the transportation industry. We will brief the focus of each subtitle and discuss their direct and indirect effects on operation of transportation companies. Subtitle A. Department of Transportation The department of transportation is going to establish the Office of Climate Change and Environment that will have several functions. Its major work will be to look for ways and strategies to implement so as to reduce the use amount of energy used in the transportation industry. It will also be charged with alleviating the effects of climate change and tackle the impact of change in climate systems of transport and infrastructure (p.18). The DOT will be required to implement the part of the law that requires vehicles to have a fuel economy of 35miles to the gallon. Hence transport companies will be required to have vehicles that are of this standard. On the one hand, this will bring down the cost of doing business, as the companies will be using less fuel compared to what they are using. Currently the vehicle fleets are operating on a fuel economy of 20 to 24miles to the gallon. At the same time, it is impossi