ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Security controls are the requirements and standard guidelines required for a standard organizational security. These requirements can be divided into security, interoperability and operations. Security requirement  1. An efficient system event listing: The system processing unit would automatically generate the total logs executed on a daily transaction. This is a standard requirement that must be utilized by the organization.  2. Intrusion detection systems: This requirement provides a platform that investigates unauthorized access into the system server, system firewall and information either by an authorized staff or individual.  3. A standard backup and Recovery module: In the event of a possible attack, the system recovery would initiate a total recovery process; this access would be made available to all authorized personnel working with for the organization.  4. System and Information control: the requirement provides a framework for the organization’s information process. Interoperability requirements   * Security awareness training: this requirement seeks to address the issues relating to operational procedures within each department. Each staff a will be trained on his or her job description. This would influence the individual’s responsiveness the critical issued when the need arises.   * Operations control and Management: the guideline will support the organization in securing each system of operations against possible attack and intrusion. The management guideline provides the procedures that must be followed to secure the entire processing unit against vulnerabilities.   * Contingency planning: this guide will be used to carry out an efficient system maintenance program. This program will be in effect upon activation of an intrusion or attack at any system servers. Operational requirements Incident response plan: This requirement provides a framework for a quick response when the systems servers are attacked or accessed from unauthorized locations. Maintenance : This requirement provides a recommendation for a regular maintenance of the entire information systems, security control units and adequate training of security workers. Personal Security: each staff of the organization must be conscious of his or her environments. The personal security requirements provide the steps that must be followed to ensure safety of all individuals working in the organization. These requirements and guidelines are some standard procedures required to have a secured information systems. A comprehensive
In the chemical sphere, much attention is paid to proteins, their functions, and reactions which may influence their existence. Gary Walsh (2009) admits that the vast majority of proteins which are usually “derived from eukaryotic sources, undergo covalent modifications either during their ribosomal synthesis or after synthesis is complete” (p. 1). Due to such abilities of proteins, the rise of post-translational modifications is observed. These types of modifications are characterized by limited applications and inherent to human lactoferrin glycoprotein and other N-linked glycans. Due to the possibilities to influence a number of protein properties, post-translational modifications are under the deep investigation of many scientists who aim at defining the differences between proteins’ structures and functions. It is necessary to admit that some glycoproteins are characterized by various types of associations, and one of the most spread is the oligosaccharides. “Oligosaccharides are fascinating biomolecules which are gaining in importance at a phenomenal pace compared with other well-studied biomolecules such as proteins and oligonucleotides” (Osborn & Khan 2000, p. 7). The peculiar feature of this type of polymer is the possibility to perform a variety of functions like integral participants of cell-cell recognition or cell-differentiation (Osborn & Khan 2000, p. 9). This is why oligosaccharides are able to be involved into protein trafficking, biological activity, and stability that is cruel for various types of proteins and lactoferrin glycoprotein in particular. John Hill (2008) says that lactoferrin is the type of glycoprotein that performs a number of important roles in the biology of a human and main found in some secretions from mammals (p.36). Human lactoferrin (LF) may perform various functions of glycoproteins such as inflammatory regulation with the help of which some bioactivities may be improved or, vice versa, be damaged. In fact, the chosen glycoproteins have some kind of therapeutic application, this is why a number of attempts to produce high glycoproteins under specific conditions have been already made and continue developing. Still, the above-mentioned oligosaccharides are based not only on a proper work of lactoferrins. These polymers are usually found in N-linked glycans which may be divided into “intr
It all began on September 5, 2006, when Newsweek published an article accusing the chairwoman of HP, Patricia Dunn of hiring a team of independent electronic-security experts to spy on HP board members and several journalists (Kaplan, 2006). It was claimed that Patricia Dunn resorted to such measures in order to determine the source of the leak of confidential details regarding HP’s long-term strategy in January 2006. The independent, third-party company used a technique known as pretexting to obtain call records of HP board members and nine journalists, including reporters for CNET, the New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. Pretexting is essentially lying to get information. In this case, it is likely that the investigator called the telephone companies pretending to be the customer (or a close relative) and asked for a copy of the telephone toll records – records of calls made and received (Rasch, 2006). Dunn claimed that she was innocent and that she did not know the methods the investigators used to determine the source of the leak (Stahl, 2006). Patricia C. Dunn and four others were charged with fraud and conspiracy. Each was charged with fraudulent wire communications, wrongful use of computer data, identity theft, and conspiracy to commit those three crimes (Sandoval and McCullagh, 2006). The complaint alleges that the defendants used “false and fraudulent pretenses” to obtain confidential information from a phone company, including billing records, belonging to 12 people. What began as an attempt to identify reporters’ anonymous sources evolved into an elaborate spying operation. Hewlett-Packard’s investigators conducted extensive background checks on reporters, directors, and their spouses and children; used ruses to obtain their phone records; and devised an unsuccessful e-mail sting to attempt to trick a reporter into revealing her source. Dunn repeatedly said that she was given assurances that the methods used in the leak probe were legal. On September 22, 2006, announced at a special press briefing that Ms. Dunn had resigned effective immediately from both the Chairmanship role and as a director of the Board. Later, in January 2007, Mark Hurd was announced as the Chairman (Kaplan, 2006). Hewlett-Packard’s handling of board leaks to the press has provided the public with a glimpse of boardroom drama and an interesting case to students of business ethics and crisis management. The whole episode, with its many twists, has a number of ethical issues that are highly debatable. One of the main ethical questions is whether the chair should inform the board that it is being investig
In accordance with the current rules, patents can be obtained only on a working process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter (Menell, Lemlev, & Merges, 2018). Objects belonging to these categories can be protected by the government regarding the laws related to intellectual property. At the same time, natural substances or ideas cannot be provided with patents because of the existing legislation (Menell et al., 2018). Moreover, the office investigates a proposed invention to determine if it possesses some of the following characteristics. They should be novel, or not previously suggested by other individuals, obvious, for a specialist to understand how they can be used in real-life conditions, and useful (Menell et al., 2018). Only if a hypothetical invention has these elements, it can be patented. There are some alterations in these criteria because of the emergence of new technologies and methods to perform various activities. For instance, computer software, business methods, and results of genetic experiments can also be patented because of their contribution to the development of science and society (Menell et al., 2018). There are also some new suggestions that can be included in the criteria to guarantee that innovative ideas are protected. The modern patents consist of two central parts which are specification and claims. The first element is devoted to the detailed description of how the proposed invention, solution, or process works. As it has previously been stated, to be patented, an object should be obvious to a specialist who investigates it. For this reason, this part ensures that there are no misunderstandings in the basic principles according to which a new invention works (Menell et al., 2018). There can also be illustrations and schemes contributing to the improved understanding of the idea that is going to be patented. Specification part is also needed for an inventor to acquire the monopoly right for the distribution and sales of the object by providing its clear description to the patent office (Falvey, Foster, & Greenaway, 2004). The second part of a patent is claims which can be described as identification of characteristics that are protected by the provided patent. This is another essential part of this document as it can be used to indicate if some other patents or inventions correlated with the offered object or infringe the already existing patent. The process of acquiring a patent is now standardized and consists of several stages. For instance, technology providing an opportunity to transform plastic garbage into fuel has been invented. First of all, a careful and detailed description of this approach including the record of every step should be created. It will help to negotiate with the patent office later. Second, it is critical to ensure that the invention possesses all the qualities mentioned above, such as novelty, usefulness, and obviousness to be considered by specialists (Falvey et al., 2004). One should also search pervious patents related to this field to ensure that there is no infringement of rights or problems that might ar
Since the time immemorial, religion has been a fundamental element of any social system. The whole history of humankind seems to be the establishment of religious norms and their reconsideration. Islam and Christianity were the religions that formed the two main world civilizations that have been in confrontation for centuries. In spite of the fact that both religions in their development had experienced the periods of strict dogmatism, Islam gradually transformed into a highly adamant and steady system of beliefs, treating conformity as one of the bases of social and political stability. Before drawing parallels between Christian and Islamic cultures, the concept of conformity should be defined. Religious conformity, in general, means the submission of personal religious views, values, and beliefs to the values, principles and norms established in the religious system of the particular society. Religious conformity is made possible by the group pressure, when a person fears to become isolated, wants to avoid social conflict or to reach some status in the religious circles; the person, thus, acts obediently and does not openly question the religious authorities and dogmas (O’Loughlin, 2013). Religious conformity is very close to the term of religious orthodoxy. Orthodoxy refers to firmness in one’s faith and adherence to established doctrines. It is a conservative type of religious consciousness what is defined by the authentic religious tradition (Hellemans, 2011). The psychological preconditions of religious conformity lay in the person’s inclination to adjust. The person’s brain seeks the most comfortable ways of solving the problem; the brains would rather prefer tranquility received from religious belief than a constant questioning of the very essence of religion. The religious influence on conformity as an adaptive feature of a person’s psyche is connected with the compensative and comforting function of the religion. The religion can reimburse man’s dependence of the natural and social disasters, remove the feeling of his helplessness and personal failure, as well as sedate the offences and mitigate man’s exposure to the severe life (Emmons & Schnitker, 2014). Considering the issue of con
Background The article “Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: A European assessment” is written by Künzli et al. (2000, p. 795). It emphasizes the fact that air contamination has a negative influence on the health of the representatives of the general public. In particular, professionals believe that it contributes to mortality and morbidity greatly. The authors assess the influence of the total outdoor pollution and its part that is connected with high traffic. They pay attention to Austria, France, and Switzerland, which are familiar with attributable cases of morbidity and mortality. Objectives The professionals are willing to reveal the way air pollution affects the public health. The research study is conducted to identify the number of mortality cases that are caused by air pollution. In addition to that, the authors are willing to define how many cases of mortality are caused by motorized traffic. It is also critical to mention that they discuss adult and children population separately as well differentiate cases of (chronic) bronchitis, asthma attacks, and restricted activities. With the help of this information, the authors are willing to improve healthcare situation and trigger the development of new environmental health policy options. Methods In order to find out what is the exact impact of air pollution on the population “epidemiology-based exposure-response functions for a 10 µg/m3 increase in particulate matter (PM10)” was used (Künzli et al., 2000, p. 795). The professionals focused on the connection between air contamination and mortality for adults who are about 30 years old. All populations were assessed regarding hospital admissions because of related issues. The attention was paid to respiratory and cardiovascular problems, in particular, as well as asthma attacks. The sample for chronic bronchitis included the male and female population of 25 years. The cases of bronchitis episodes were investigated on the basis of children population under 15 years. Finally, on the basis of the individuals who are 20 years old, restricted activity days were discussed. The authors modeled data for each square kilometer. They utilized PM10 emission inventories to focus on the specific data and separate those cases that were connected with the contamination caused by traffic. For the meta-analysis, the data starting with 1996 was used. It was gathered on the related websites mainly, which ensured its authoritativeness. Results The research study showed that more than 5% of mortality cases per year are caused by air contamination, which equals to more than 40,000 situations. In 50% of all these cases, the connection with the motorized traffic was observed. Chronic bronchitis and its episodes turned out to be observed more seldom than other health issues (about 25,000 and 290,000 cases). The authors also emphasized that 500,000 asthma attacks took place during the same period of time. Finally, in almost 17 million cases, days of restricted activities were held. The professionals concluded that in the majority of cases PM emissions were caused by traffic, which proved their initial point
Introduction The expression used to refer to human resource management has substituted the conventional phrase for personnel management. The management of human resources is a more tactical and rational approach in the administration of individuals than personnel management. It entails selection, recruitment, training, development and compensation of human resources (Storey, 1998: 20). Human resource is responsible for managing the labor force as the most important asset in the organization. The aim of human resource management is to empower workers to work effectively to achieve the organizations objectives. Human resources use continuing strategies to develop the workforce in an organization. Human Resource Management is an indispensable element in the performance of a corporate organization and works together with other departments to achieve the organization’s goals. The tasks of the human resource consultant are centralized on the advancement of the labor force in a corporate organization. His strategies should be in line with the needs of the organization. Today, HR practitioners are the strategic partners to an organization. They assist in the improvement of strategies used to realize the organization’s arrangements and aims. Their responsibilities include: selection and recruitment, recognition and rewarding, development of performance contracts and appraisal, employee development and succession planning. This paper gives a description of the human resource activities at Alfalah Bank in Pakistan, explores the major issues faced by the organization, gives a discussion of the implication of the issues, and possible solutions for the issues. Alfalah Bank’s HRM Practices Recruitment This can be defined as the process of searching for applicants and encouraging them to apply for vacant positions in a firm. There are mainly two types of recruitment process: internal and external. Internal staffing is the sealing of vacant positions by choosing from existing employees in a corporate organization where as exterior staffing is the filling of job vacancies by receiving applications from outside the organization (Armstrong, 2006:53). At bank Alfalah, recruitment is made by filling three kinds of job categories for growth and expansion, these are: trainee officers, contractual employees, and top managerial staff. Recruitment is based on the level of requirement needed in each job category. For top managerial posts, the HR officials use either the internal or external sources based on experience and qualification. Trainee officers are recruited through external sources as well as the contractual employees. For both the internal and external recruitment, the organization uses, newspapers, website, and direct application as sources for recruitment (Akber, 2009:20). The recruitment process is normally carried out through the following sources   * Newspapers and magazines   * Website   * Training and development of present employees   * Retired persons One of the major parts of the process is the online recruitment. It is fast and efficient for both organizations and the applicant. On
What is the Supply Chain? A system in which people, organizations, technology or any sort of activities are involved in the movement of goods or services from the producer to the customer who is in dire need of them is defined as a supply chain. The activities which take place within the supply chain system are numerous and are all aimed at transforming raw materials into final products which can be used by the customer. During instances where the supply chain involves multiple parties, used products can enter or even leave the supply chain system as long as the residue value is recyclable (Stevens 1989). Experts define the supply chain simply as a complex network of facilities dispersed over large areas (geographically) all over the globe. Components of the Supply Chain The supply chain usually contains three components which ensure that the system remains complete and fully functioning: The first component is the upstream supply chain which usually includes the organization first tier suppliers and their suppliers. The component focuses on the raw materials and how they can be distributed to the manufacturing channels. As a result, this makes manufacturing or the internal supply chain the second component of the supply chain. It involves materials needed to transform the inputs to outputs and it is mainly concerned with how the raw materials can be transformed into final products ready to be used by the customers. The last component is the customers to whom the products are supposed to reach. The customers component of the chain is also referred to as down stream supply chain since it involves all the activities which makes it possible for the goods to reach consumers downstream (Keah-Choon, Vijay, Handfield& Ghosh 1999). When the three components are combined they makes it easier to define supply chain as a network where parties are involved from the initial production to the final processing of the goods or services and these parties include among others the retailers, distributors, manufacturers, warehouses for storage and even the suppliers who distributes the goods and services to the customers (Fox, Barbuceanu & Teigen 2000). Why Managing the Supply Chain Is a Very Complex Process Managing the supply chain particularly the modern supply chain is a job that involves specialists in all the three components of the supply chain. With the dynamism of the supply chain, the changes have been revolutionary and there are no signs yet that the pace of change is going to slow down. With the world becoming very much interconnected and the interdependence among the world economies increasing even more, the process of delivering goods from the manufacturing location to the customers’ location is b
Social media platforms over the internet have potentially profound effects on the creation of social identity of modern generation. Identity refers to a socially constructed attribute of self-concept as it is represented to the outside world. The formation or construction of identity is a unique practice in everybody’s life, since it is one of the ways through which we can find our place in our cultures and among other people. As it would be observed, the transformation of this important social concept in the contemporary world is being conducted in new and even more global approaches. In this era of internet technology, humans are becoming accustomed to using various social media websites daily, where they spend a great deal of time talking about themselves, the people they know, and their interests, among other significant aspects of their lives. The social media, whose reach and influence is global, is one of the most common avenues that are used to shape and enhance the concept of identity nowadays. This paper examines the ways through which we can use mobile and internet technologies to create our identities. There is no doubt that social media has afforded people an important opportunity to establish a visible, strong record of themselves through interactive digital platforms (Rettberg 2009). This popular trend of technology is not only offering the very tools that are needed to construct our identities, but it also provides a basis upon which representations about ourselves can be promoted. Social identify formation happens while people are busy establishing new communities around themselves over the internet, exchanging different aspects of their lives with one another and forming a visible profile of themselves for anyone to see. This self disclosure through personal web pages plays a significant role in identity formation. Knowingly or sometimes even unknowingly, we tend to give representations about ourselves through our activities in social networking websites. This mainly happens through our time to time conversations with other people in social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Social media offers a wonderful archiving of our personal information as it is posted in our personal web pages, thus making it easy for anyone to read it and get to know our identities. When we decide to join Facebook, Tumblr, LinkedIn, Twitter, and M