ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction According to the estimates conducted in 2006 in Canada, about 157,000 people face homelessness (Trypuc and Robinson, 2009). However, the problem becomes more complicated because the rates of homeless people increase over years. Thehomelessness growth is explained by a different composition of the Canadian community in terms of urban renewal, labor market, and availability of health facilities. In Kenora, the exodus of on-reserve Aboriginal people and shifts in tourist destinations have highlighted the issue of homelessness. It is the goal of the Homelessness Committee to address these issues and provide solutions. Our town government needs to address the problem of homelessness because it poses threats to the welfare of the community. Specific attention should be given to “drifters” and “homeless” individuals who use park and beach bathrooms. In addition, the report should relate to the development of 24-hour facility that can meet the needs of this group and ensure safety and security of the town. With regard to the focus group, it is necessary to highlight the reasons for the increased number of homeless individuals, analyze the consequences of the problem for social welfare of the town, and provide new perspectives and recommendations for the municipal administration to reduce the number of people living on the streets of Kenora. Discussion Reasons for Increased Rates of Homeless People Like in any other districts of Canada, Kenora experiences similar problems in terms of unemployment, and this creates significant challenges for the youth segment. In particular, Adams et al. (2007) emphasize, “many youth commented that there was inadequate preparation for independence” (p. 201). Emotional unpreparedness is recognized because of a youth’s concern that they did not acquire sufficient skills and education to apply for a prestigious job. Therefore, they needed assistance in gaining life experience to accomplish their goals. As a result, almost one third of youth resorted to homeless existence. In addition, Adams et al. (2007) note that nearly 40 % of street youths contacted their children care centers, but most of them did not feel they received sufficient help and support from these agencies. Moreover, young women also expressed concerns with early motherhood because of “a deep sense of fragility and unpredictability about their circumstances” (Adams et al., 2007, p. 202). Therefore, the town administration should, first of all, pay attention to the quality of care in public agencies providing children care. Further, existence of stereotypes about homeless people is another obstacle to overcoming the problems. It is also the major reason for inappropriate treatment of this social segment (Egan, 2009). The task of social care agencies is to consider the diversity aspects in Kenora. Most of the homeless p
Africa is an enormous continent that has been actively developing during the last few years. However, numerous problems affect civilians. There is a long history of various conflicts and boundary disputes that are worsened by political crises. They often happen because of misunderstandings, and differences in religion. It should be said that language barriers often cause significant problems. Some countries on the continent are English-speaking, and some are French-speaking (see map. 1). Map. 1. Africa. There have been numerous instances of slavery, discrimination and racism that have caused hatred between Muslim North and African South. Ethnicity and religion are two major factors that lead to prejudice. There is a known tension between Kenya and Somalia. Both countries have relatively small GDP, and many disputes often take place in their territories. They are mostly minor, but there are some severe ones. Currently, there is a conflict with the Al-Shabab group that is based in Somalia. It has escalated after the entrance of Kenyan troops into Somalia during a military operation in 2011 (BBC News par. 5). The terrorist movement has declared war on the country in 2015. Kenya has responded by bombing the bases of the group. There were many efforts to deal with this conflict, and international help was provided. Also, Somalia currently claims Somaliland, Ogaden and Socotra. Sudan and South Sudan should also be discussed. Islam is a dominating religion in the first country, and Christianity is in a second. This causes a tension especially since South Sudan has gained independence. There have been many fights over the regions that are rich in oil such as Abyei Area. Air attacks have injured numerous civilians. The Sudanese government is currently in control of the territory. This is worsened by the fact that currently there is a civil war in South Sudan
Information obtained from individuals who are undergoing marriage/family counseling should always be treated with privacy. This practice is known as confidentiality. Professionals who offer counseling services to clients are the only one expected to have access to the confidential data. In all counseling sessions, clients should be made to feel secure and comfortable even before they begin sharing their experiences with the counselor. If clients feel intimidated or insecure in any way, the counseling process cannot get along as expected. Worse still, the client cannot receive any workable emotional or psychological assistance if the privacy of information shared cannot be guaranteed. The ability to maintain confidentiality of information obtained from clients is a critical ethical component since it is illegal to share private data without consent from the affected party, the client being counseled can hardly share personal information if it will not be kept confidential, and it also leads to gross counseling failure since the patient cannot receive the required help. Although some counselors argue that verbal information can be shared out especially if it does not infringe the rights of clients, it is completely unethical to do so. Both verbal and written information obtained from clients undergoing marriage counseling should be treated with high level of confidentiality (Melton, 1997). In any case, all forms of information obtained from counseling sessions are usually very sensitive and can lead to gross mistrust as well as poor relationship development among the parties involved. It is perhaps necessary to begin by exploring what can be considered to be confidential or private in a marriage/counseling process. Some of the examples of sensitive information that can be shared out include infidelity problems between partners or spouses, emotional trauma arising from deep family wrangles, serious medical problems that impede procreation, infertility and stigma arising from an em
Gone are the days when societies instilled fear in women while empowering the male species. There before, societies advocated for women should never aspire to be anything but subservient. Orders like women should not participate in decision-making were made to belittle and oppress women such that achieving, promoting, or influencing society remained a nightmare (Deitzer et al., 2019). Women are believed to be determined species, ready to tackle the mantle for societal benefits. Moreover, if a woman is placed in a world full of opportunities but in return shuns the chances available, it is right to indicate that she is ‘unfree.’ It is not possible for any subservient woman who shuns opportunities to be free. This type of woman is bound by societal constitutions that violate women’s rights. Deitzer et al. (2019) indicate that every individual in the society is entitled to their own opinion, and every contribution towards societal development counts. Women should focus on bringing positive change in society through their voices and participation in development activities. Gone are the days when women could sit down, watch and listen to men make decisions concerning society (Deitzer et al., 2019). Opportunities have been granted equally, meaning both genders could utilize resources available in the best way towards a common goal. Societies must start investing and believing in women’s subversive women. Pettit would indicate that women should be set free in terms of making significant decisions and contributing towards societal success for women can deliver leadership skills, therefore, educating them on the importance of grabbing available opportunities makes a better community. Pettit’s account would be different from Christman’s argument in that woman who shuns opportunities and is subservient indicates that they are not free and still fear the unknown. Reference Deitzer, J. R. Leban, L., & Copes, H. (2019). “The times have changed, the dope has changed”: Women’s cooking roles and gender performances in shake methamphetamine markets. Criminology , 57 (2), 268-288.
Introduction American history is one of the richest histories in the world encompassing a wide range of events, seasons, movements and revolutions. From George Washington to Barrack Obama, America has continuously witnessed fascinating and historical moments. Its global superiority and influence is attributed to efforts made by people like President Lincoln who are known throughout history. One of the famous historic events in the history of America was slavery, which led to the rise of movements that continuously fought for equality. This paper analyses slavery from 1492-1877, giving remarkable timeline events in history. Slavery timeline It is believed that by 1501, slaves from parts of Africa were being ferried to Santo Domingo by Spanish settlers for the purpose of championing their interests [1] . The move was however met with resistance from slaves who engaged in revolts in order to fight for their human rights. A good example is the Caribbean slave revolt of 1522 when enslaved people termed slavery as exploitation of rights. Under British colonialism, colonies in North America began receiving slaves from Africa with the first destination being Jamestown. They were treated like indentured servants and freed after a fixed period of time. Seventeenth century welcomed the first anti-slavery publication which was released by Samuel Seawell, a jurist and printer in Massachusetts. This publication propagated efforts by activists and anti-slavery activities in North America through public awareness. Mr. Seawell believed that the only way of achieving the goal was through publications. Nevertheless, the journey to realize equal treatment was not easy; it was resisted by colonizers. In 1705 slaves were described as property to be sold and bought, giving their masters authority to mistreat and kill those who demonstrated any form of resistance [2] . Virginia was the first state to recognize this creed as its law makers viewed slavery as real estate industry at that time. Abolitionist Society The movement was started in 1775 in Philadelphia for the purpose of fighting for the release of Negroes who were being held unlawfully as slaves. The movement was later named as Pennsylvania Abolition Society and is recognized as the oldest anti-slavery society in America. The society reorganized itself in 1780s to widen its mandate and activities [3] . One of these missions was to improve the living standards of Africans who were being undermined by white people. Besides fighting for the rights of enslaved and the need to end slavery, the movement promoted education and employment for the African-American community. Slavery after 1775 The Declaration of Independence was to allow all United Colonies in America to be free and independent states. The Fugitive Slave Act was adopted in 1793 to outlaw any measures that would prevent the recapture of slaves who tried to escape. This undermined efforts to end slavery and promote the lives of African-Americans who were less considered. With conti
Introduction Intellectual Property refers to possessions of knowledge which can be included in touchable items within specific time and without limited copies across the universe. There are various creations which include images, names, designs, inventions and works of artists. Intellectual property is mainly divided into two groups that are namely copyright and industrial property (Alces & See, 2004 p. 113). Substantially, copyright consist of poems, works of artists, drawings, and works done in music, films, and novels. In contrast, Industrial property entails industrial designs, trademarks, and patents. The objective of this paper is to discuss the enforcement mechanism of any three statutory intellectual property laws which are currently operational in New Zealand and comment on the extent to which they are effective in protecting the rights of the intellectual property right holder in the marketplace. The paper also discusses some controversies that have arisen with regards to enforcement of intellectual property rights, both in New Zealand and abroad, over the past five years. Finally, the paper addresses opinions on how these controversies should be dealt with (Colston & Middleton, 2005, p. 88). Intellectual Property Enforcement mechanism: Copyright Tribunal Owing to increasing technological changes in the world today, there is great need for enforcement mechanisms. It is very important to protect information which is usually incorporated in touchable items. In New Zealand, there are quite a number of enforcement mechanisms that are put in place in order to regulate the laws governing intellectual property (Anderson, 2006, p. 103). Copyright Tribunal is a statutory body with enforcement mechanism which stipulates that individuals should be accountable for a copyright work. As an enforcement mechanism, the tribunals are supposed to handle dispute cases that arise from license related issues. The enforcement mechanism of this statutory is one which ensures that people who copyright do not use other people’s work without a license. It is therefore aimed at controlling piracy whereby some individuals use other peoples’ wok without accounting for it. In New Zealand, it is mandatory for copy right owners to obtain license in order for them to copyright. Clearly this is also stipulated in section 205 which is in the Act (Colston & Middleton, 2005 p.58). There are some individuals who normally take advantage of other peoples information without caring about the repercussions. Such individuals normally assume and take things just for granted. Enforcement mechanisms are meant to deal with such individuals who do not adhere to laws and regulations. To some extent, enforcement mechanisms are effective in protecting the rights of the intellectual prope
Introduction: A Little Bit of History Millions of people have gone to the United States to pursue their American Dream; the famous American Dream has been the target of every U.S. citizen and, probably, will for the next couple of centuries. However, its meaning still remains obscure. The term “American Dream” was coined by James Truslow Adams and has been haunting people ever since. Although the concept of the American Dream is very recognizable, its essence is very hard to nail down, since it incorporates a number of social, economical and financial principles; largely, the American Dream is the provision of opportunities to live a happy life of understanding, wealth and content. Analysis and Synthesis: The Ultimate Definition Created Money makes the world go round: a business perspective Before expanding on the definition of the American Dream from the given perspective, one must make a reservation saying that the former is going to be very narrow, encompassing only one aspect of the phenomenon. Nevertheless, it is a very important part of defining the great American Dream, since it was, in fact, the first definition to begin with. Indeed, in a retrospect, the concept of the American Dream was first rather prosaic. The given ethos is clearly rooted strictly in the field of economy, since the people who coined the term aimed at settling in the area that was superior to the place where they lived. Similar interpretations of the ethos are still popular nowadays, including static objectives and connotations of a fixed target, such as owning a home (Prentiss 137), being financially secure and “getting a ‘good’ education” (McCellan
Automation of Accounting and Control Processes In the modern business world, automation in accounting and control functions in an organization is characterized by information technology (IT) in business processes. Accounting procedures in a business entity include financial planning, budgeting, financial reporting, payroll management, tax management, auditing, financial forecasting, and financial management (Marshall and Lambert 200). On the other hand, control processes involve the procedures applied by a business organization to ensure the reliability, accuracy, and validity of the third parties’ financial statements. Auditing, assurance, tax management, and compliance with authorities’ regulations represent a firm’s crucial control functions (Nnenna and Amaka 446). The integration of IT in accounting and control procedures through automation presents tremendous benefits to a business corporation from the analysis. Enhanced accuracy and precision in the preparation and presentation of accounting data and information stand out as a fundamental benefit of automation in its practice. Gotthardt et al. link information entry procedures, such as stock-taking and financial forecasting, with the increase in the incidence of human error, particularly in instances where automation in these procedures is disregarded (93). On the other hand, the use of such innovations as artificial intelligence, including robots in various accounting procedures, triggers significant improvements in the extent of precision and the speed of executing accounting-related tasks (Gotthardt et al. 94). This, in turn, enhances the attainment of quality in various business operations, including the development of balance sheets. Accounting-related innovations result in an enhanced understanding of its related processes and procedures. For instance, double-entry principles may be complicated to some accountants, especially in the application. However, the use of automation-oriented software linked to the field such as quick books facilitates the ease of applying accounting rules (Linton and Solomon 197). Furthermore, the timely delivery of financial reports and increased efficiency in accounting functions are also among the strategic advantages that result from the automation process through time and cost savings. There are also enormous benefits that arise from the automation of control processes within a business enterprise. The use of IT in auditing and tax procedures helps facilitate the efficien
This paper focuses on dating sites among gay Latino men aged between 25 to 30 years. In addition, it discusses the preferences of Women in Los Angeles who are looking for men. The research indicates that men value their career more than family because society values the career of the man more than that of the wife even when she is getting good pay. The culture dictates that men should be the main providers in their families. On the other hand, women value a family with social stability more than the career of the men especially if the woman is earning a stable income. Men are interested in sex more than women are and prefer quality sex with their mates to dating a mate who earns a stable income and does not give them great sex. Women are interested in dating men who are intelligent more than men do when looking for women to date. Also, men are interested in the appearance of the women they want to date more than women are when looking for a man. However, gay men and heterosexual women have similar likings in a man. The following findings support the preferences for men and women who are looking for mates to date (Kurzban & Weeden, 2005). Gay Latinos Latino gay men prefer mates who are intelligent with good physical characteristics as well as sensitive in most life issues. They consider personal commitment seriously because, at the age of 30 years, most of them are ready to settle for marriage. Language is an important factor for Latino gay men who are looking for a partner to enhance effective communication among themselves, their relatives as well as friends (Wong, 2003). Financial stability is an important factor to consider for Latino men when choosing their mates. They prefer those with a stable income to cater for daily expenses and savings. Approximately, 80% of the Latinos interviewed wanted to have a partner who was social and easy-going, when interacting with family, friends, and relatives (Kurzban & Weeden, 2005). Women dating in Los Angeles The following discussion is about ten women from Los Angeles who are looking for men to date. All of them are aged between 30 and 35 years. The first woman is looking for a man aged between 30 and 40 years. She has children but wants more children with the man she will marry. She speaks Latino language and, therefore, wants a Latino man for effective communication with friends and relatives. The woman wants a man who loves working. He must have good physical characteristics, confidence, and good motivation to succeed in life, and be conscious of daily happenings (Yancey, 2002). The second interviewee is a woman who has never been married, no children and wants kids with the man she is looking for. She is looking for a man whom she can change to make him happy, conf
Technological advances and numerous discoveries have enabled people to live longer and healthier lives. Health services have been improving and people now are able to get high-quality services in many parts of the world. However, there are still many issues to address. One of the serious issues to solve for American public health is diversity. American society is one of the most diverse ones as people with different backgrounds settle in this country. At the same time, diversity in the public health sector is not that diverse, which negatively affects the quality of services provided. Healthcare professionals are often unable to understand the needs and expectations of patients having various ethnic backgrounds. The major reasons for that are linguistic and cultural. In other words, healthcare professionals do not understand the language of patients. They also fail to understand the cultural peculiarities of these people, which may negatively affect the development of proper doctor-patient relationship as well as the healing process. I have many friends coming from different parts of the world and they often tell me stories about issues they face at the hospital. They (and/or their friends/relatives) are often stressed out and unwilling to go to a hospital in order to avoid unpleasant experiences associated with language, culture. I believe this is a very serious shortcoming of the system that is created to help all people. I believe all healthcare professionals should have constant training (or self-learning) aimed at understanding other cultures and languages. I also believe healthcare staff should be more diverse as this will help healthcare professionals and patients develop a proper relationship based on understanding and support. This will inevitably lead to improved healthcare services and lower rates of mortality and the development of serio