ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, augmented learning receives increasing attention in the educational setting, and is often used to enhance educational outcomes of a wide range of learners. In this paper, the current and proposed uses of augmented learning, as well as its relationship to the existing educational models, some of its implications, the strategies of its integration, will be discussed. Also, the importance of augmented learning and its impact on a leader’s ability to make decisions in nurses practicing in an operating room will be exposed. This study is based on a review of 14 scholarly articles published within the last five years. Current Applications Currently, the technologies of augmented learning are used for a variety of purposes. For instance, Duh & Klopfer (2013) mention that augmented reality technologies can be employed in classrooms dedicated to mathematics, physics, biology, and ecology; clearly, their application is also possible in numerous other classrooms. Garrett, Jackson, & Wilson (2015) report the use of augmented learning tools to teach students clinical skills needed in laboratories; Pauly et al. (2014), as well as Vera, Russo, Mohsin, & Tsuda (2014), show that augmented reality technologies can be utilized to teach medical students how to better perform different types of surgery on patients. Chou & ChanLin (2014) report an implementation of augmented learning instruments (in particular, mobile applications) to assist freshmen students in exploring the university’s campus; similar tools may be employed to help disabled persons (for instance, those who are unable to walk) to learn about and better adapt to their environment. And indeed, Katz et al. (2012) demonstrate how virtual reality technologies can help the visually impaired navigate in their setting. Therefore, augmented learning is utilized in a wide range of academic and educational settings, as well as in health care and special education to compensate for physical disability and similar issues. Proposed Applications It is important to stress that many of the uses of augmented learning technologies described in the previous section are not widely employed in education. Therefore, researchers offer to spread the utilization of these tools among a variety of educational contexts. Some studies propose the implementation of augmented learning in other educational contexts; they also offer to use different applications and hardware to do this. For instance, Narayan, Davis, & Gee (2012) research the use of the Mobile Web 2.0 instruments on the Apple hardware (iPhones and iPads). At the same time, Lee (2015) compares the use of mobile-based apps and computer-based apps, showing that the former is associated with better outcomes for the academic motivation, the
The nursing profession requires the acquisition of extensive knowledge in terms of the used practices for educating young specialists. However, their successful adoption is complicated by the possibility of barriers to student-faculty interactions in the absence of ways of their elimination. These obstacles can be efficiently addressed through the support of active learning, and its examination is essential for the improved outcomes for the students. Master’s prepared educators can benefit from the use of specific methods to perform the specified task. They are related to the development of essential components, such as support, caring, diversity, and incivility, and their incorporation into the studying process (Ingraham et al., 2018). In other words, following the guidelines based on these notions is critical for all participants. The barriers to student-faculty interactions presented by the lack of respect and cooperation can also be eliminated when implementing this solution. In turn, active learning is another advantageous approach to increasing the efficiency of the acquisition of skills and information by nursing students. According to van Alten et al. (2019), its variations, such as flipping the classroom, allow teachers to achieve better results over the same period. Therefore, active learning’s principal benefits include improved outcomes and the lack of necessity to realign the practices. Meanwhile, this method implies particular drawbacks: the absence of effect on student motivation and the neglect of learning preferences (van Alten et al., 2019; Vetter & Latimer, 2017). It means that it should also be approached with caution. In conclusion, the establishment of a favorable studying environment depends on the effectiveness of the elimination of the discussed barriers. This initiative is complemented by selecting an appropriate active learning method for improving the results of students’ activities. In this case, the assessment of benefits and drawbacks presented above should be complemented by evaluating the actual needs of the future nursing personnel in terms of education.
Introduction The cellular fluid makes up total body water in multi-cellular organisms. It is divided into two distinct compartments: extracellular and intracellular environments. The latter (ICF) is localized inside cells and accounts for about two-thirds of cellular fluid (Marieb and Hoehn 143). The remainder, which constitutes one-third of total body water, occurs outside cells as extracellular fluid (ECF). Electrolyte concentrations in each compartment affect cell and tissue function, and thus, they are under homeostatic regulation. Homeostasis controls ionic levels (Na + , K + , Ca + , etc.) and pH as well as ECF and ICF volumes. This paper describes the components of a cellular fluid and regulatory mechanisms for achieving electrolyte balance in the ICF and ECF. Discussion Biochemical reactions in cells can only occur in an aqueous medium. Water containing electrolytes, e.g., Na + , diffuses across semi-permeable membranes along an osmotic gradient (Voet et al. 78). Therefore, differences in solute concentration would lead to water movement between compartments in response to osmotic pressure. An electrolyte balance of solutes between extracellular and intracellular environments is required for normal tissue function. The cellular fluid is the medium for transporting dissolved solutes, nutrients, and gases and proteins between the cytoplasm and interstitial spaces (Voet et al. 78). Therefore, it controls electrolyte concentrations in the body through these exchanges. Cellular fluids occur in compartments differentiated by a natural barrier, i.e., the plasma membrane, as shown in the image below (Figure 1). This distinction is only superficial as the two parts are mostly similar in composition. The ICF comprises the fluid within the cells, and it is the primary constituent of the cytosol. It accounts for 60% of total body water in humans, estimated to be 25L in a mature male or 40% of body weight (Marieb and Hoehn 147). The volume of ICF is less prone to changes due to the electrolyte balance maintained through homeostatic regulation. A decrease in water content in the ICF would increase solute concentrations and interrupt normal cell functioning, while excess solvent would cause osmotic lysis. Figure 1: ICF and ECF Differentiation. About one-third of body fluids or 20% of body weight is ECF (Marieb and Hoehn 151). It comprises plasma and interstitial fluid (80%) that occurs in the intercellular spaces, as shown in Figure 1. The two components have different roles. Plasma moves through the circulatory system carrying with it solutes, nutrients, hormones, CO 2 , O 2 , metabolic wastes, etc. (Marieb and Hoehn 153). These substances pass through capillaries into the interstitial fluid (IF) that bathes and nourishes the cells. A semi-permeable membrane separates the ICF and the IF. In addition to plasma and IF, the ECF consists of the “cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, and peritoneal fluid” (Marieb and Hoe
Perspectives of Childhood Introduction Childhood can be conceptualized as one of the several stages that human beings pass through in their journey to adulthood. It is regarded as one of the most innocent and free phases in human development. The individual has not yet learned the ways of the world, and as such, they are “pure” or “unspoiled” by the world. It is also highly regarded for it is the most important phase in human development. The character of the human being, which will guide them through the world in their adulthood, is formed at this stage. Developments at childhood will determine the direction that the life of the individual will follow, for character traits adopted at childhood are hard to shed in later years. A lot of studies have been dedicated to this stage of human development. These studies emanate from a wide range of academic fields, given that it is hard to constrict childhood studies into one particular discipline. The academic fields include, among others, sociology, psychology, education, philosophy, and theology (Mills & Mills 2000). In their book Childhood Studies: A Reader in Perspectives of Childhood, Jean Mills and Richard Mills identify several perspectives of childhood that are adopted in contemporary society (pages nine to thirty-one). Some of these perspectives are adopted by specific fields while others are multi-disciplinary, cutting across disciplines. They reflect values that are associated with children in society and the corresponding treatment that they are availed of. The perspectives have riding characteristics that they ascribe to children also. Perspective one: Children as Innocent Before looking at how Mills and Mills (2000 1-10, 200-210) conceptualize innocence in children, it will be to look at the various definitions that are available as to what innocence is. With this definition, it will be easy to contextualize these authors’ views. Goldstein (2009) defines innocence as the aspect of being uncorrupted by evil, “malice or wrongdoing” (1). In other words, innocence is the absence of sins or what society takes to be evil. It can also be taken as meaning the opposite of being guilty, free from guilty. In this context, we can see that when children are described as being innocent, they are in effect displayed as entities that are free from evil, that is not guilty of wrongdoing, and unspoiled by the world. Dickinson, as cited in Mills and Mills (2000 10) is of the view that children are angels in disguise. In other words, they are as pure and as free of sin as the angels. One character that is associated with this perspective, and which makes children appear innocent, is the fact they have not yet sinned, neither do they have the capability to do so. From a theological point of view, they are good because they are God’s creations, untainted by worldly evil. God, according to Mills and Mills (2000 9), makes all things good. It is man’s meddling with God’s handiwork that makes them become evil (Mills & Mills 2000 10). Since a child has not yet been meddled with by the human element, they can be assumed to
Introduction According to the statistical data, the number of international students in the United States has significantly increased since the middle of the twentieth century. Approximately fifty thousand people prefer studying in the USA. This phenomenon can be explained by various reasons. First and foremost, it is the quality of education, this is probably the major factor. The second reason is that, these students have a good opportunity to master their English and broaden their horizons. Thus, we can speak of the so-called “cultural quest”. However, people who decide to enroll into a college or university in the United States will have to face many problems of various kinds. Our major task is to discuss them and suggest the way in which these challenges can be resolved. Difficulties arising in connection with the application process As we have already mentioned, there can various kinds of obstacles that an international students have to surmount. Perhaps, it would be better to start from the very beginning, the application process. It is necessary to obtain VISA, which is not so easy to accomplish, especially if a students live in some developing country, and embassy officials usually tend to look with suspicion at such people, believing that their primary purpose is not to study but work. The problem is that the embassy officials are often very biased in their judgment and they often may be prejudiced against some students, especially if we are speaking about the so-called racial profiling. It may sound like an accusation of racism, but as sociologists believe, deep-rooted racial stereotypes are still present even among the officials. Many applications of international students are rejected just for the reason that these people allegedly look suspicious. Main criteria for the application to the university Additionally, this person must be proficient in English, at first glance it may sound commonplace to say the least. However, the point is that the application committee first evaluates results of the proficiency tests such as for instance TOEFL or Michigan Test, if a person has less than 400 points in TOEFL or less than 70 in the Michigan his or her academic achievements are often disregarded. Perhaps, our educational institutions should adopt some new policy. Probably, we should attach primary importance to the academic performance but not the language skills, because any international student can easily improve his English if he or she lives in the United States (Mallinckrodt, B. & Leong, 79). Moreover, very often-international students are rejected, because he or she fails to cope with some standardized test. The thing is that such international student is not used to taking such tests, because in some countries, tests are not so often used and other tasks are more preferable. Thus, the application committee has to make allowances for the students educational background, which can be different of that one in the United States (Barrat, 423). Cultural shock The second major problem that any international student inevitably
Introduction The selected technological organization markets and installs remote surveillance cameras. Recently, the company won a contract to provide similar services to government agencies. If the firm is to remain successful, it must hire competent employees and empower them to achieve every objective. The implementation of a powerful staffing model can make it easier for the human resource (HR) department to meet the needs of more employees and promote performance. Appropriate plans can also be used to deal with various problems such as increased turnover, reduced morale, and lack of empowerment. As the company plans to expand its operations and become sustainable, the suggestions presented below will ensure that it hires a competent Security Systems Engineer. Three Job Requirements The proposed position is that of a Security Systems Engineer (SSE). The targeted candidate should be able to manage, monitor, and guide different workers to install, inspect, and maintain security systems and surveillance cameras. The successful person should fulfill three unique requirements. The first one is the possession of a security systems engineering degree from a reputable university. The second requirement is that the candidate must have worked in a similar position for not less than 24 months. These two requirements will ensure that the candidate has adequate experiences for the position (Ekwoaba, Ikeije, & Ufoma, 2015). The third one is that the individual should be confident, obedient, self-motivated, and a critical thinker. He or she should possess adequate communication skills. Such requirements will guide the person to focus on the goals of the company. Impacting Staffing It is agreeable that HR departments should be keen to develop powerful staffing models to ensure that every potential candidate possesses the right competencies and skills (Banfield, Kay, & Royles, 2018). The above three requirements have the potential to impact staffing in this organization in several ways. The first one is that such credentials could set the tone for future hiring procedures. This means that every job applicant in the future should possess adequate communication skills such as attentive listening, problem-solving, and decision-making. These attributes will empower different workers to focus on the organization’s goals. The second way is that the outlined requirements can be met by many engineers in the region. That being the case, the company will be in a position to identify and recruit a skilled person with ease. The development will support its business model and expansion strategy. Strategy for Applicants An efficient strategy is needed in the organization to ensure that every applicant fulfills the above job requirements. The strategy will be characterized by three attributes. The first one is making sure that all applicants send their resumes to the HR department. The second attribute is that every resume should have three referees. The third attribute is organizing for interviews. This powerful strate
Introduction Initial Public Offering (IPO) is one of the key ways through which companies raise capital to realize growth and development (Bragg, 2009). Companies normally raise capital by selling their equities to the public for the first time. The result of such an initial selling of the company’s equity emanates in terms of increased capital and shareholders. Apple Inc. is an example of the corporations that went public to raise capital for their expansions and to be publicly traded. Apple Inc. Background Apple Inc. together with its subsidiaries produces a range of computerized products including personal computers, media devices, mobile communications as well as portable digital music players. In 2007, Apple Inc. became a publicly listed company with its stocks traded and quoted on NASDAQ, where it is well-known with the symbol AAPL (Apple Inc., 2010). Over the last five years, AAPL share prices have tremendously increased and are currently among the highly priced stocks in NASDAQ. The number of Apple Inc. equity holders has grown over the last four years of operation. AAPL returns on investments have grown from $1.5 million to over $600million dollars in the fiscal 2010. This was accompanied by an increase in the total global market share and constant growths in sales and revenue. By 2010, Apple Inc. net revenue was over $14 million which translated into $15.41 earnings per share, the highest earning within the security markets (Apple Inc., 2010). AAPL total shareholders’ equity grew to above $47 million with market capitalization of over $590 billion. Apple Inc. is a unique company in the technology industry because of the way it utilizes its technological capabilities to drive its growth and development (Apple Inc., 2010). Despite the competition in the technology industry, Apple is amongst the companies that have applied their innovative potential to remain top in the competitive edge. AAPL profits and sales volume have soured above its competitors because of its incessant introduction of new products to the market. Products like iPod, iPod and iTunes have facilitated Apple’s market share growth, resulting into revenue growth. Apple Inc. generated more capital in its IPO than any other company, after Ford-motor’s IPO in 1956. Apple IPO immediately created more millionaires than any firm in history and this was approximated to be around 300 (Apple Inc., 2010). During the launch of its Initial Public Offering of stock to the public investors, venture capitalist cashed out money yielding billions on their long-term capital gains. Going public immediately changed the corporation’s management as Apple had to deal with increased number of shareholders and the requisite procedures that must be complied with. Though Apple raised the needed capital, IPO exposed the company into rigorous compliant measures and competitions (Padberg, 2007). For Apple to remain in the securities market, the company must comply with the SEC and accounting standards reg
Philip Larkin’s poem, Church Going , is an exploration into the future of religiosity in modern life. Post Second World War, there arose a disassociation with religious discourse in most of the European countries, and many literati plunged into creation of art and literature that mused on the futility of observing the pious way of life. The 1954 poem, Church Going , expresses such concerns . Larkin wrote the poem after Second World War, which market a time when the general audience at churches declined significantly. The rampant violence and destruction of the Second World War created generations of skeptics who abhorred faith and religious discourse. The poem is an exposition of the erosion of the old beliefs of the religious institution delimited by the church. Larkin shows that life has changed and so has the belief systems that governed it. This essay argues that the main theme of the poem, Church Going , is depletion of the credence in religious institution and transformation of Churches into edifices of artistic exuberance. The poem begins with a monologue in seven stanzas. The first two are narratives. The narrator describes his unplanned, solitary visit to a church. He descends his bicycle, enters the church, and muses on its interiors – floor matting, the rows of seats, the Bibles, and the flowers kept for the mass last Sunday. The narrator looks around the church and tries to acclimatize with the atmosphere: Once I am sure there’s nothing going on I step inside, letting the door thud shut. Another church: matting, seats, and stone, And little books; sprawlings of flowers, cut For Sunday, brownish now; some brass and stuff Up at the holy