ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Problem Statement Twelve out of 10,000 women who undergo a hysterectomy die of complications arising from the procedure (Kendall-Raynor, 2007). Due to the high mortality associated with this procedure, women should only undergo hysterectomies in life-threatening cases like uncontrollable bleeding, complications arising from childbirth, and severe infections. Approximately 90% of hysterectomy cases recorded in the United States annually are the result of localized illnesses (Fredericks, 2013; National Women’s Health Network, 2005). Localized illnesses are the infections or conditions that do not spread to other body parts such as the uterus, which may result in surgical removal of the uterus and subsequent sterilization (Gorlero et al., 2008; Jianjun, Yan, Xiujing& Biru, 2013; Kendall-Raynor, 2007; Sparić, Hudelist, Berisava, Gudović & Buzadzić, 2011). In some cases, women could undergo alternative, less invasive treatments that do not result in infertility (Reis, Engin, Ingec, & Bag, n.d.). Some states have instituted laws aimed at educating women about the potential risks of undergoing hysterectomies. Texas, New York, and California have documented informed consent laws that seek to protect millions of women who are potential candidates of the hysterectomy procedure (Kendall-Raynor, 2007; Preutthipan & Herabutya, 2010). This study will explore the lived experiences of women who have been given the hysterectomy recommendation and undergone the procedure in Mississippi, a state without an instituted comprehensive informed consent law. The comprehensive informed consent law aims to provide women with an opportunity to understand the alternatives that are available for hysterectomy. Ogdon (2014) purported that the patient and surgeon should have shared decision making, which includes an understanding of the procedure, alternatives, potential risks, and complications. A comprehensive informed consent law is a method of ensuring appropriate and adequate patient knowledge with regard to hysterectomy during the decision-making process. It is possible to distinguish two variables that are important for this research. In particular, one should speak about the connection between health literacy and informed consent. In this context, health literacy can be defined as the degree to which a person can understand the information about healthcare services, drugs, or medical procedures (American Medical Association, 2007). In turn, health literacy affects the ability of a person to make informed decisions regarding his/her health. This issue is particularly relevant at the time when informed consent of a patient is required (French & Hernandez, 2013). Hence, a person who does not have health literacy skills is more likely to endanger his/her life and health at the time when he/she has to make choices about different forms of treatment (American Medical Associatio
Introduction The concept of teamwork at the workplace is practiced in many organizations. A team can be described as a group of people who depend on each other for skills and resources to enable them achieve a specific objective. Managers need special skills to manage various employees in the organization to enable them collaborate on specific tasks to achieve positive results. Managers need to make all their employees resourceful to ensure their output brings positive returns to the organization. Concept of Teams Managers should realize that teams are formed to achieve a collective objective where all members depend on each other to achieve it. Team members need to be given freedom to make their own decisions. This approach makes all members of a team to tolerate different opinions put forward by their colleagues. All employees in an organization have different personalities and this has an impact on the way they share ideas (Burke and Cooper 57). Managers should structure their teams to accommodate all types of personality profiles to make them diverse and competent. Teamwork helps organizations to achieve key goals which are part of their long term strategies. Effective team managemen helps business organizations to come up with new ideas which make them stay competitive in their chosen industries. Employees who are skilled in a variety of disciplines enable firm stay ahead of its competitors because they share their knowledge and skills with each other. Managers need to monitor their teams to ensure their activities are in line with the firm’s strategic goals (Heneman and Greenberger). A manager should not interfere needlessly in team operations as this will affect the ability of members to think on their own. Conditions That Determine Team Success Managers need to know that there are several conditions which determine the success of workplace teams. The design of work place teams should conform to the overall context in which the organization transacts to make team members’ contributions valid and beneficial. The organizational culture should make team members more open to acquire new skills and information from each other to enable them move forward in a positive direction. The knowledge acquired through collaboration between team members improves their ability to make decisions which have a bearing on the firm’s operations (Evans and Lindsay 97). Therefore, managers need to encourage team members to learn from one another to enable them stay focused on their objectives. Team members need to be open with each other to build strong relationships to make their team cohesive and progressive. Team members need to learn conflict resolution and problem solving skills for them to be well prepared to deal with any challenges which may come their way. All members within a team should be willing to compromise so
Training should always be given a strategic role within organisations’ Most organizations typically do a poor job preparing for the future and understanding which trends and forces are particularly important to the way they do business. Despite planning and forecasting efforts, a significant number of highly successful companies proved to be unprepared for the future. Since last few decades, organizational life has become even more turbulent as changes within industries have come at a faster pace and bigger scale. Organizational stability has diminished as the rate of change and organizational dynamics have accelerated and the ways we structure and define our work have changed. Training and HRD professionals have, for the most part, failed to anticipate evolving needs and major changes. At an individual level, this has resulted in decreased job security and missed professional opportunities for many trainers. At an organizational level, it has meant minimization or less strategic involvement. It is not particularly surprising that most trainers and HRD professionals haven’t been especially good at identifying emerging issues. For starters, HRD professionals are often not very strategically focused and are often positioned poorly to drive strategic issues within organizations. The combination of increasing work demands, staff shortages, and the degree of change within organizations and industries has often resulted in trainers running faster just to keep up. Additionally, most people (and organizations, for that matter) do a poor job of forecasting. History is replete with examples of smart people, organizations, and governments that all failed to perceive warning signs of new developments. (Pugh, 2000). It is essential that trainers and HRD professionals focus on the future. Only by understanding where organizations are headed can they play a strategic role as they proactively prepare for what is to come. Having a better grasp of developments to come allows us to do our jobs better, have more impact in the work they do, and decrease the personal and organizational trauma of many significant changes. Time pressure and the increased speed of work will continue to exert pressure on trainers. (Some firms have responded by scheduling training at night, on weekends, or in small blocks to reduce conflicts around billable hours.) Increased competition in all industries has also led to a demand for quicker responsiveness and demonstrated effectiveness. Thus, trainers face greater pressure to act quickly and measure results, especially with re
Introduction According to Kotz and Treichel, the solubility of various substances increases with increases in the temperatures of their surroundings, although this is not always the case. Most often, graphs are used in indicating the relationship between temperature and solubility since it provides a clear view of the trend regarding the two variables. Solubility refers to the quantity of solute necessary to attain equilibrium between the undissolved solute and a saturated solvent at any given temperature. Temperature is a key factor when it comes to solubility of salts substance, and in most cases it is passively correlated with the latter (Kotz & Paul Treichel14). Being an ionic compound, as Krumhansl indicates, Potassium Nitrate consists of a powerful lattice of ionic bonds (Krumhansl 9). These ionic bonds give the compound a number of physical attributes that certainly affect this study. The compound has both high boiling and melting points because of the powerful linkages, which makes the separation of its molecules extremely energy-intensive. This easily explains the lower rates of solubility of the alkaline earth metals when exposed to lower temperatures. At such temperatures, the cation-anion complex is extremely rigid and the process of separation will require higher activation energy. As the temperature is increased, ionic constituents of the compound collide vigorously because of the high level of energy. As the water bath’s temperature increases, solubility of KNO 3 increases since the level of kinetic energy elevated. The process of dissolution is a chemical reaction that involves overpowering of chemical barriers that prevent the attainment of activation energy. The collision between NaCl and KNO 3 ions is necessary in order for Potassium Nitrate to dissolve, which ultimately produces energy that allows the occurrence of a chemical reaction. Purpose The study was aimed at establishing thermodynamics variables for KNO 3 salt in a dissociation reaction involving sodium chloride solution as the solvent. The rate of dissociation of the aforementioned salt varies according to temperature and molar concentration. During the experiment, molar concentrations of Potassium Nitrate were determined, and their values were useful in developing a graphical representation in order to understand the relationship between temperature and solubility. Objectives of the experiment include the following:  1. To determine the solubility of KNO 3 under a given range of temperatures  2. To establish the relationship between temperature and solubility using solubility curve  3. To determine how solubility is affected by temperature Equipments and Material  1. Balance  2. Clamp  3. Crystalline KNO 3  4. Gas burner  5. Graduated cylinder  6. NaCl solution  7. Rack  8. Ring stand  9. Spatula 10. Test tubes Procedure A water bath was prepared in a beaker that was two-third full. The beaker was placed above a heating stand and heated to maintain the water just below its boil
“The little match girl” is one of the most symbolic creatures of Anderson’s literary talent. To begin with, the whole plot remains the strict personal line of the poor girl that started her “adventures” from going home one cold and rainy day with only the huge mother’s shoes. After that, she entered the main room and made a fire with a match: the main symbol in the story. Along with her process of creating the home atmosphere, the second person was demonstrated to the readers—grandmother, who represented the total contrast of two people trying to realise the same dream (Andersen et al., 2020). The girl glimpsed on her poor Christmas tree, directed her match on it, and realistically imagined how the fire came across and through the tree and peaked at the top as the brightest star in the sky. Consequently, the girl was attracted by the match, and the poor tree was glowing with different colors. She gathered all of her matches and made a genuine “star” that lit the whole room on the brightest day. By doing this, she looked at her grandmother, who was trying to escape to the sky. The older person took the younger ones, and they imagined flying to the sky: in God’s hands. Finally, the story ends when people coming across the girl’s apartment admitted her and thought that she was just trying to warm herself, without knowing what she felt at that moment. Personal Story Creation There was a cold rainy morning, as it usually occurs in Paris when autumn forces the summer to change much earlier, let us say, in august. Ron was trying to find the right way to the Charle de Gaulle bus station, which was situated at the first district, while he was standing at the twentieth – the last district in this huge city that reminded him of a clumsy snail. In fact, Paris is a huge clumsy snail as districts situated similarly to the snail’s shell shape. Ron Donalds decided to pass this shell for the last time in his life. Being only 18, he knew Paris better than his right-hand fingers. He passed 15 years here, lonely, without no one that could give him a hand at the right moment.
Introduction Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical medical intervention that plays a role in prolonging death. According to Brindley (2013), it is the best intervention for saving the lives of patients with acute illnesses. Thus, it is important that the patients, healthcare professionals, and families be well informed on the role of CPR in saving lives. Moreover, resuscitation issues should be individualized because it is impossible to predict whether a patient will require CPR or not. Salins, Pai, Visyasagar, and Sobhana (2010) acknowledge that the decision concerning resuscitation after a cardiac arrest is determined by the orders of the patient, appraisal by the physician, and the probability that the CPR will be successful. In addition, the physicians must consider the futility of the intervention in cases where the probability of improving the quality of life is low. Despite these guidelines, various legal and ethical issues affect do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. These issues must be taken into account before resuscitating a patient. Ethically, it is important that the patient’s autonomy and consent for a DNR order be respected. Accordingly, beneficence (effective decision-making) and non-maleficence (avoiding harm) must also be considered. Two major issues determine the legal aspects of DNR orders. First, whether the orders of the patients with regard to DNR are documented and respected. Second, whether the physicians institute or withhold the DNR order based on the request of the patient. Yuen, Reid, and Fetters (2011) indicate that the family’s response with respect to the institution or withholding of DNR orders determines the legal course of action taken against healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the standards and the decision-making procedures of the patients are important. The aim of the current research is to assess the legal issues surrounding DNR orders. Specifically, the essay looks at patient advocate and guardianship limitation issues concerning DNR orders. End of life decisions: Do not resuscitate In reference to Bailey et al. (2012), DNR is a medical intervention procedure used to prolong death. Two situations determine the institution or withholding of end of life medical interventions. First, it is important to analyze the impact of withholding interventions in patients whose disease or illness can be improved through CPR. This promotes their quality of life. Second, the actions of the health professionals must be considered in case of a DNR order. In this regard, there is the likelihood that legal issues may arise following end of life intervention procedures. Brindley (2013) reports that physicians should make sure that they engage patients early enough about their end of life care. This guarantees that the decisions regarding DNR orders are made in advance and promote the best wishes of the patients and their families. It also offers family members the opportunity to give their input with respect to the wishes of their loved ones in end of life care. However, Bailey et al. (2012) note that many physicians tend to delay the DNR decisi
We have all witnessed the adverse impacts of terrorism on our social and economic stability in our country. This only attests that it is not and will never be a hoax. Let us face it. The loss of our beloved ones, the loss of the right personnel, the economic instability of our country and many others are some of the bad impacts of terrorism. As a result of this, a lot of pressure from citizens has been imparted on the local law enforcement agencies. This has forced law enforcement agencies to reposition their line of work to fight terrorism before more severe terrorist acts are carried out. This paper therefore tries to explicate the strategies towards local law enforcement in the process of protecting my community against terrorism. Whenever terrorist attacks occur, the first bodies to blame are usually the law enforcement agencies. It is thus the obligation of the law enforcement agencies to work diligently to ensure that the next terrorism attacks do not occur. The first tactic to take is to enforce and improve the local federal partnerships. This is whereby the leaders of the federal as well as the local enforcement agencies cooperate to reinforce the existing partnerships. This is to be done since evidently, domestic security largely depends on the law enforcement agencies working together. This is also after the realization that agencies at each level have an imperative role to fill. In order for local federal partnerships to succeed, there should be mutual understanding of each and everyone’s role in preventing terrorism as well as understanding each other’s weaknesses (Fraser, Scott, Heisey, and Wasserman, 1998). A managerial session should be organized with the main agenda of improving the local and federal partnerships. The session should allow the members participating to exchange freely information and dismiss misperceptions in an open and productive forum. Through this, several obstacles will be removed leading to successful local federal partnerships. During this executive session, several issues will be raised and at the same time solutions will be provided to the problems. Recommendations will also be given to counteract f
In her article “Not Every Kid Deserves a Present”, Karin Fuller discusses important issues that are rife with the question of whether all children should get rewards. Evaluating a number of examples, the author comes to a conclusion that it is not wise to present all children with equal prizes despite the efforts they invested, and the results they achieved. Overall, the main idea of the article is the fact that children should deserve what they receive, and they should work hard for it. Fuller begins her line of reasoning by addressing the example of her own daughter. Her daughter received a soccer trophy that she did not deserve. The girl did not struggle to get it nor did she want to have the trophy, but she was given it because the school management decided so. The decision was based on the principle of equality that became so popular and so important nowadays as a result of the heated fight with discrimination and bias. After the discussion of her daughter’s example, Fuller provides two more examples of the other mothers with their sons. In their situations, the two mothers were disappointed because of the fact that their sons did not receive prizes. However, the situation was the same; the two boys never worked enough to deserve the rewards. Therefore, it was absolutely fair that these boys did not get their rewards. Again two mothers addressed the principle of equality promoted in the United States nowadays as a helpful tool which might be the reason for acquiring rewards by their children. Following the details of the two cases, the author shares her vision of the principle of equality. She explains that this principle applies neither to her daughter’s situation nor to the situation of the two boys. According to Fuller (2011, par. 11), ‘by bolstering self-esteem across the board, we’re sending the message that self-esteem is more important than hard work and achievement. But ultimately, high self-esteem doesn’t guarantee success. That takes self-discipline, self-reliance, and self-control. This means that self-esteem should come from a different source than the unfair rewarding of someone who does not strive to be rewarded. To support her conclusion regarding the principle of equality, the author discusses a few more examples from real life. Then, she sums them up saying that to get a prize, a child should work hard; otherwise the prize has no meaning and does not meet its real purpose. Fuller admits that the happiness of a parent and a child is much bigger when the prize is received due to the efforts invested. She reveals her hope concerning her daughter’s future success in the following comment, ‘someday I hope to hear my daughter say proudly, “Look what I won!” instead of her usual, “Look what I got” (Fuller, 2011, par. 18). In conclusion, critically reflecting on the article under consideration, I should say that I completely agree with the argument presented by
Introduction Literature just like all other forms of art depicts the emotions and perceptions of the composer, towards one or several aspects of a society. Over the years, writers have preferred to conform to literal styles as dictated by their locality. However, it is also understandable that writers thrive to be creative and unique with regard to how they manipulate these literal styles in order to bring out some important aspects. These considerations give literal works two important perspectives, that can be used as a point of approach aimed at establishing in depth analysis in various literal works. The perspectives are: similarities and differences. Literal styles are like branding of products. Although a product may have existed in the market for long, it takes quite some time for it to have a brand. Modern literature has used the art of negation as a way of creating uncertainty and perhaps giving the story the possibility of multiple dimensions. Negation displays a lot of subtle aspects of literature that may have been otherwise ignored when the meaning of expressions were direct. This manages not only to broaden the perspectives of literature, creating more room for adventures and possibilities. Take for instance in the book “Wasteland” by Elliot where he writes that, “I can connect nothing with nothing” (p. 143). The expression not only displays the exact emotions through negation but also leaves the author with a lot of possibilities as the story progresses. In the book “To the lighthouse by Virginia wolf, she writes that: “…sharing a joke with nothingness.” (p. 87) This expression displays the emotions of desperation using that art of negation. Another similar example is “The nothingness of winter becomes a little less.” (Stevens, p. 48). Beckett and Joyce having been in contact with each other, and Beckett having learnt a lot from Joyce, decided to rebel against the conventional modernism styles of writing and expression by employing the art of negation to add to their literal works, an artistic touch. Beckett and Joyce explored negation with full consciousness an