ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A female patient, 28 years old, has been admitted to the hospital with suspicion for paralysis of the 7 th cranial nerve – Bell’s palsy. She has been suffering from what she thought was a common cold for 6 days, and 10 days ago, the patient was vaccinated from influenza. The physical examination revealed that the facial muscles are paralyzed from the right side of the face. The patient is unable to shut the right eye, and her lower jaw droops. She has excessive tearing in her right eye (Crocodile tears), and the eyes demonstrate increased sensitivity to light. Her blinking is incomplete, and she attempts to blink infrequently. The patient started experiencing problems two days ago when the muscle weakness had appeared. She felt that it was impossible to blink with the right eye; her nose was running and constantly stuffed, it was difficult to drink, eat, or speak. The salivation was also increased, and the patient was drooling. The patients had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the age of 19. The MRI and CT scan revealed no signs of stroke, brain tumour or other sources of pressure that might have caused nerve inflammation and damage. Electromyography demonstrated facial nerve degenerative lesions of medium severity. The nerve conduction velocity test (NCV) showed 24 m/s, which indicates a severe degree of degeneration. The blood test indicated signs of herpes simplex that are common to cause facial nerve paralysis. In order to battle the inflammatory process, the patient is administered intravenous injections of Dexamethasone, combined with Prednisone twice a day, until the condition improves. Acyclovir is also recommended for treating herpes simplex. Dear friend. You seem to experience a hormonal problem. In order to identify your problem and place a correct diagnosis so that you would receive the required treatment, it is necessary for you to go to the endocrinologist. At the endocrinological office, various tests are performed. Fasting blood sugar determination means a determination of sugar in the blood after withholding from food for a period of not less than 8 hours. It is usually done in the morning. Most frequently, this way, the doctor is trying to diagnose an increased blood glucose level. A constant increase of glucose in the blood is known as Diabetes Mellitus. Sometimes the organism’s glucose tolerance becomes impaired in response to insufficient ability to lower the blood glucose level after its alimentary intake. This situation is being modelled through a glucose tolerance test. In some cases, the sensitivity to the insulin hormone becomes low. This pathology can be documented by determining the amount of injected glucose needed for the glucose blood level to stay invariable during simultaneous administration of insulin. This test is called the insulin tolerance test. A dependable test in terms of revealing low functioning of the thyroid gland is the determination of TSH and T4 hormones in the blood. When diagnosing increased thyroid function, it is also useful to determine T3. In the past, the thyroid function test was connected with the determination of prote
Abstract The paper analyses the article devoted to the examination of relationships between inflammatory abnormalities in fibromyalgia, psychological distress, and hormonal aging. Although fibromyalgia is primarily associated with chronic widespread pain and somatic symptoms, the inflammatory response is commonly observed in diagnosed patients. At the same time, the largest part of patients with the disorder have symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other forms of psychological distress which are commonly regarded as potential activators of inflammatory processes. Introduction In their article “Proinflammatory cytokines and DHEA-S in women with fibromyalgia: Impact of psychological distress and menopausal status,” Sturgeon et al. (2014) evaluate the role of salient patient characteristics such as psychological stress and menopause on the elevation of inflammatory processes in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia to investigate the influence of psychological functioning on inflammation developing during the course of disorder’s progression. Although fibromyalgia is not considered an inflam
Introduction The conscious publicity of art often comes about as a response to the generalization that art is in effect, always already politicized. The construction of different types of art has always occurred in different places at different times and within diverse socio-cultural and political systems. In taking to the streets, the artists did not just attempt to provide an overarching definition of their discomfits with authority; rather, they attempted to paint a picture in which the demands in the trends of social change can lead individual artists to censor the authorities to guarantee more artistic-space. 1 In so doing, the artists were able to align themselves with the comprehensive social movements to ensure they keep the rich tradition that made them not to break from the established institutions of art. In embarking on art activism, the artists meant to protect a set of ideas and the institutions on which art has been advancing its scales throughout the nineteenth century. Essentially, the cultural, political, and economic conditions have been over time a pointer for these artists to explore new spheres to work and to seek the right kind of freedoms. The transfer of wealth under capitalistic systems in Europe, particularly, manured the ground for the possible creation of a new class system that expanded the expanse between disposable income and the outright leisure time. One of the manifestations of this nature was typical of the economic power brokers that were keen on curtailing the progression of classical art. 2 This new breed of power created an all-pervasive force to reckon with as many concerns in the concept of free art gravitated towards art encroachment of free art. The encroachment of free art heavily appalled the existing institutions; the mobility of the art galleries was under severe attack by all-pervasive forces of commerce, politics, and culture. 3 The Culmination of Events The outbreak of violent protests in the capital city of France in mid-1968 was because of the Student dissatisfaction at the Sorbonne University and the University of Paris. Heavy police presence further made matters worse as they confronted the charged students head-on and by early May 1968, the unrest had escalated to inevitable levels, as Paris’s Latin Quarter, as well as other major cities, became no go zones. 4 The protest matches further escalated with sporadic strikes taking place throughout the country; soon, France became a standstill, and Paris was a war zone. The police, the military and ordinary citizens took to the streets, engaging one another on running battles. In an attempt to crush this popular uprising, President de Gaulle administration employed military forces and ordinary civilian cohorts. 5 Seeing defeat in the offing, the state media reported that the protestors were foreign saboteurs whose mission was to cause an
Introduction Japan and the United states are two of the world’s largest economic powers, and they together account for the world’s 30 percent of the Global Domestic Product, a large position of international trade and a bigger portion of international investment. The economic power of the two countries makes them powerful actors in the international economy. The economic conditions and the business environment of both Japan and USA have a lot of impact on the rest of the world, and their bilateral economic relations can shape the economic conditions of other countries. The economic relationship between the two countries is a symbiotic one since they are heavily integrated in the flow of goods and services and are the larger markets for each other’s imports and exports. Both countries are connected via capital flows. The relative importance of Japan and the USA as economic partners has been eroded following the rise of China as a major economic power but from the analysis of trade and other economic data, the bilateral relationship between the two countries is still important (Arnold, 2010). The economies of the two countries are relatively similar in various aspects like high level of industrialization hence their populations are guaranteed of high standard of living, but their differences emerge from the fact that the economy of USA is almost two times larger than that of Japan based on nominal and the purchasing power parity, and the USA economic growth has been growing at a stronger rate. The following is the comparison of the two countries based on-key economic indicators. As a response to the pressures of recession, Japan has eased its restriction on foreign business. There is growing indication by the government to rely on market’s forces, and it has minimally relied on planning for any economic growth. This has highly favored the U.S. companies that are interested in marketing their products in the crucial Japanese market. Executive Summary The essay gives an in-depth analysis of Japanese economy and its international business potential. It analyzes the country’s macroeconomic situation, financial system, political and cultural environment, risks assessment and legal and business issues. Some of the above variables are explained in comparison with the U.S. The two countries pursue different exchange rates; the U.S. pursues floating exchange rates while Japan pursues pegged exchange rates. Consequently, the paper examines the two financial systems that are practiced in two countries; that is, bank based and market based financial system. The inflation figures of the two countries are also given theoretically and statistically. An analysis of the cultural and political environment is provided and backed up by vivid composition betwe
I understand the basic concept behind motivational interviewing is to motivate clients toward exploring and resolving ambivalence. For this to happen, the therapist needs to be more patient in his/her approach towards the client’s attitude. To be precise, understanding the client’s problems, the client’s perceived problems of respective behavior, and the factors that act in favor or against his/her motivation towards change is vital to be a successful motivational interviewer. In order to achieve compliance with the client’s expectations and act accordingly as per the requirements of the motivational interviewing method, I want to organize my practice with respect to three aspects, namely, personal preparedness, focusing on environmental factors, and understanding client needs and motivating accordingly. Personal Preparedness I consider the fact that I need to be able to prepare myself in view of certain criteria that are meant for motivational interviewing.   * Though motivational interviewing involves confronting clients with the factors of reality, I should not be aggressive in my behavior.   * Understanding the fact that I should not try to argue with the client, I tend to adopt a seemingly passive attitude in my counseling.   * As the counselor needs to encourage the client towards taking his/her own decisions, I will not direct bits of advice or provide solutions without the client’s permission.   * I do realize that the client needs to be given an active role during counseling sessions.   * I have to be more patient and allow the client to discuss than to interfere with his expressions and prescribe my ideas about his/her attitudes.   * I will not be tempted towards a hasty diagnosis of a patient’s condition. I try to adopt a behavior that will allow me to follow the above-stated points. It will not be a difficult task for me, owing to my natural attitude of being patient while listening to others. However, I need to strengthen my resolve in order not to overcome my intention towards maintaining a client-oriented approach by loss of patience and active directions for clients towards certain behavioral changes. Environmental Factors I view this aspect in two dimensions. Firstly, it is necessary to understand the factors in the client’s life that are somehow affecting his/her intention to change. Also, I think that the ambiance of the counseling area needs to be motivating for the client towards expressing himself/herself freely without any hesitations. I should look after this aspect in the following manner.   * I will take care to maintain my practicing ar
Communication Audit I have conducted a communication audit on my own and analyzed a group of seven samples consisting of online format communications including emails and online messages. I evaluated three samples targeted for internal stakeholders (students and teachers) and four cases targeted for external stakeholders (parents). The overall assessment showed satisfactory results according to the communication audit criteria. The critical trend found in the evidence is that communications tend to be more effective with the outside audiences as every word is weighed and measured before use. According to Hall (2008), the key moments to be considered before initiating the communication are audience, purpose, message, intended action, and key take-away. This is found relevant for all the interaction with outside stakeholders, while this is poorly considered for the internal conversations. Main body The apparent gap in the communication program is the fact that inside stakeholders are addressed inappropriately. However, it is safe to say that we are doing an excellent job while addressing the outside public. The main reason for this is that most internal communications are in an informal format, and the parties make little consideration about what and why they are saying. The outside messages are conveyed in a formal manner, which makes the parties analyze almost every word before using it. If no changes occur in the communications approach, the obvious implications would be the continuous decline in the inside communication quality. This would make the communication count increase, as there would be more effort needed to get the message across to the intended audience. To improve the situation, the team should collaborate on the means of interaction used for inside stakeholders, elaborate communication plans, and make the communication audits a routine activity. In conclusion, the communication audit revealed the ineffective communication scheme between inside stakeholders, therefore interventions should be made to improve the matter. Communication Plan All the stakeholders fall into one of the groups: the inside stakeholders, including higher management, teachers’ staff, and the students, and the outside stakeholders, consisting of parents and the board of trustees. The main outcome we seek in communicating with the inside audiences is a deeper understanding of what are our tech team’s competencies and achievements. Practice shows that the best way of conveying the ideas to the inside community is by providing small visuals, such as video clips, PowerPoint presentations, or colorful diagrams. A review of our previous strategies shows that the best practice we used in our previous years was creating a short video overview of the tech team’s accomplishments. As Hall (2008) states, the technology people like to brag about how many computers they installed and how much fiber or optic cable was put in place. Hence, our oral presentations in the form of webinars were not as effective as
It is imperative to note that ideas suggested by Karl Marx are truly fascinating, and they frequently lead to numerous discussions and disagreements. One of the most important aspects that should not be disregarded is that many scholars believe that some of the theories that were suggested by the philosopher are reasonable and can be applied to modern society. The article is focused on the current situation in the world, and the author suggests that Marx has recognized that capitalism has several weaknesses that may be incredibly problematic. He was able to predict that masses would be impoverished if necessary measures are not taken. The fact that he has considered the possibility of economic crises also should not be overlooked, and it indicates that the philosopher had an enormous understanding of possible consequences of such approaches. Also, the author provides pieces of evidence to justify his perspective. Numbers signify that there is tremendous dissimilarity between earnings of rich and poor people is enormous (Schuman par. 3). Moreover, it has been recognized as a significant problem that should be resolved. Another aspect that is worth noting is that factory workers have become much more educated, and the introduction of new technologies was also vital. For instance, individuals may openly voice their opinions with a use of such tools as the Internet. It is evident that people are not satisfied with the current situation and think that it needs to be addressed. The stance of the government on such issues is also quite interesting. A range of policies that would be beneficial for workers have been introduced, but the problem is that they are not allowed to participate in meetings most of the time, and one could feel helpless under such circumstances. On the other hand, the influence of employees has been increasing, and companies are willing to provide them with a broad range of benefits. However, the situation is much more complicated in countries that are less developed because many individuals lack education and are not provided with necessary information. It is true that enormous numbers of people are not satisfied, but the system has been established over many years, and the situation is not going to change anytime soon. Furthermore, Marx’s perspective on the flaws of capitalism is justified, and it can be seen that the level of tension between the classes has been increasing over the years. However, i
Introduction Theories of international relations provide a model upon which the international relation can be analyzed. Each theory is different and has its own assumptions that are used to look into international relations. Due to the different interpretations people have about international relations they behave differently towards one another. The assumptions of the various theories also determine their usefulness and restrictions in explaining historical events. Realism The theory of realism is among the dominant theories that have been guiding international relations. It has also influenced foreign policy since world war two ended (Realism, n.d, para.1). It is a conservative theory and has retained its place during the period of development of modern political science. Its notion is “that all states are rational actors and their main goal is to attain power to survive” (Grant, 2008, para. 2). The theory has five assumptions that explain it. The first assumption is anarchy. This means that the world has no global government and therefore is anarchic. The role of the government is to protect its citizens from internal and external threats that may be produced by other nations or terrorists. The importance of a powerful government that can protect its citizens comes in because we do not have a global government (Grant, 2008, para. 3). Maintaining sovereignty is the second assumption. Every nation desires to rule itself to pursue its own domestic affairs. This means that such a nation can go about its business without undue interference from other nations. The citizens are able to pursue their goals and build their country as well. The third assumption is that a country’s military is its greatest resource of power. A country needs a strong military to protect it and ensure its domestic freedom. With a strong military a country is protected and this reduces the chances of an attack. Countries may have a defence type of military. This kind of military protects the country from attacks. The other type is both defence and offensive military which will defend its country and if need be attack other countries that are a threat to its security. Therefore, countries aim to have a strong military and this has led some countries to acquire nuclear weapons in the name of self protection and this has led to tensions in the world (Grant, 2008, para. 2). Transparency is the other assumption. The intentions of a nation need to be known so that the other nations can know how to act. A country needs to be open about its actions such as building arms. Transparency does not always convince other nations that the intentions are good. For instance, Iran said it was building nuclear technology to produce domestic energy. Other nations were sceptical even though that was the government’s official decla
In order to understand how sensorial materials can help a child in an auto-education process, it is, first and foremost, necessary to define the essentials of this process. Thus, Lillard (2011) explains that an auto-education implies testing a child’s solution to a particular problem through a practical situation. Sensorial activities, in their turn, allow a child to exercises their senses repeatedly upon a trial and error pattern. The most important point that needs to be mentioned is that education through sensorial materials does not require the intensive involvement of a teacher or a supervisor. As such, children are free to search for the right solutions on their own. Therefore, the format of sensorial materials is auto-educative by its nature. Additionally, it is essential to note that an important condition for effective auto-education is that a child can perform it spontaneously. In other words, the process does not require additional equipment and settings. From this perspective, sensorial materials are completely self-sufficient. As such, children are free to start their training without waiting for adults’ assistance or instructions (Povell, 2009). Finally, the materials’ design makes them particularly appropriate for auto-education since children are essentially attracted by colorful elements of the sensorial set. The use of sensorial materials helps to establish a consistent foundation for the further intellectual development of a child. Gestwicki (2016) points out the fact that children’s absorbent minds are open to new information and knowledge. Sensorial materials, in their turn, provide them with all the necessary options to fulfill their emerging need for learning. As such, intellectual development flows fast and naturally. Thus, education through sensorial materials stimulates intensive cognitive development. For example, while playing with sensorial elements, a child learns to differentiate important criteria such as big and small, heavy, and light. Likewise, children learn to recognize various materials and shapes in a tense-free manner which guarantees that the acquired knowledge will be solid. Along with learning to recognize new objects, children expand their vocabulary so that they can potentially describe things as “cold or hot,” and “big or small.” Due to the fact that the new words are not taught intentionally, but are naturally absorbed by children’s’ minds, there are more chances that children will remember them. Thus, it might be concluded that sensorial materials provide children with a wide range of options to satisfy their absorbent minds in a relaxed and entertaining manner. Sensorial materials are an effective tool to support a child in developing movement, language, and order. First and foremost, performing operation with small elements that compose the material set helps to develop children’s coordination and fine motor skills. Second, there is a wide range of objects that helps young learners refine their movements. For example, constr