ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Marketing strategy is one of the crucial elements of the company’s activity aimed at developing, producing, and communicating to the buyers the goods and services that best meet their needs. The main goal of a company’s marketing strategy is to develop an elaborate plan of product sales to increase profitability, attract external investors and respond in a timely manner to changes in the internal and external environment of the company. As states Fifield (2007), “The pace of change in marketing is such that at the moment we are still in the process of working out how to solve today’s problems” (p. 10). Our virtual business is an online party supply retailer named Copious.com – we sell party supplies for different events and create specialty-designed products by customer request. To make our business the most efficient it could be, we carefully consider the following aspects: analysis of the external environment; selection of priority market segments; positioning of products in terms of properties and characteristics relevant to consumers; analysis of competitors’ actions. Problems Our Virtual Business Would Solve Trade-based businesses are actively moving digital. Online orders from many companies bring in either significant or most of the profits. Due to its convenience, virtual business solves several problems, which are actual not only for potential customers but also for the owners of the business itself. The first and foremost issue is the distribution process – the automation system of a virtual business grants full internal control of it. Through this system, managers can unify all distribution operations, set sales goals, and KPIs, and monitor their achievements. Moreover, the system maintains internal financial control and provides consolidated data for all trading activities. With its help, managers can always find out the product prices, sales proceeds, losses from discounts, and the costs of all related services. From this, follows another problem’s solution – virtual analytics services gather and allocate all data automatically, providing a consolidated analysis to quickly assess the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. For the customers, the benefits of an online business are obvious. Overall, online shopping saves time and effort to purchase the needed goods or services, provides a useful insight into the market, as well as allows great flexibility of payment methods. Three Unique Virtual Business Products A unique selling proposition helps convey to a potential client the special benefits they will receive by contacting this certain business. A competent USP distinguishes the company from its competitors and makes it look especially tempting. Fifield emphasizes that “[Marketing] states quite categorically that we recognize that our existence, and future survival and growth, depends on our ability to give our customers what they wa
Abstract The journal article The Effects of Integrating Mobile Devices with Teaching and Learning on Students’ Learning Performance: A Meta-Analysis and Research Synthesis by Yao-Ting Sung, Kuo-En Chang, and Tzu-Chien Liu, and published by Elsevier Ltd. in November 2015, presents different findings on mobile devices integration and education effectiveness from previous case studies. It gives a detailed summary of past literature on the topic, published between the years 1993 and 2013, which studied the integration of mobile devices into education and their impacts on learning and teaching activities. It also provides a meta-analysis of the effects of the size of different journal articles, which have provided an analysis of computer use in learning. The article by Yao-Ting Sung, Kuo-En Chang, and Tzu-Chien Liu has also provided an overview of the general users of mobile devices and the sites they frequently visit. It also gives an outline of the negative and positive impacts of integrating mobile learning at different levels. The proposed research paper will present a summary of the principal contents of the journal article , in a revised and easier form for clarity. It will also present positive sides as well as the critique of the journal article. In particular, this research paper will attempt to explain two mathematical formulas employed in the journal article, which are Cohen’s d formula used in calculating the effect sizes of the study and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis formula. The proposed research will explain the relevance of the two formulas about the content of the journal article. Particularly, this paper will focus on the authenticity of the findings and how the two formulas were used to present similar results. Introduction Improved information technology and innovative ideas have contributed to the introduction of mobile learning into the teaching curriculum over the past two decades. Specifically, the paradigm shift has been accelerated by the advent of mobile device technology in the last decade. This, in turn, has promoted exploratory learning, cooperative learning, and game-based learning, which can be conducted in different areas including classrooms and outside classrooms. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh (2012), computer-based learning has been promoted by the existence of various portable devices such as cell phones, laptops, tablets, and e-book readers [3]. At present, these devices have become part and parcel of educational instructional delivery across the globe. Factually, most of the device
Introduction Marketing can be described as a set of processes that are undertaken by an organization to create, communicate and add value to the products that the organization deals with (Kotler, Philip, Keller, and Lane, 2005). Marketing aims to create awareness and a relationship with the customers in a manner that will be beneficial to the organization and the stakeholders. Marketing does exist as an activity of an organization, and it is ever-changing by new trends and technology in the field. As Kotler, Philip, Keller, and Lane (2005) note, in style marketing represents the way the society develops, and it is dynamic as it is ever going through changes. It offers new products and services to customers using new techniques and communication media. The marketing business is big and always growing. According to the American marketing association (AMA), marketing is whereby planning and carrying out the processes of promotion, pricing, and distribution of marketing ideas, services, and goods are undertaken to create sales that do satisfy the organization’s objectives (Kotler, Philip, Keller, and Lane, 2005). International and Domestic Marketing Comparison Marketing is one of the most fundamental elements for success for any business organization. For this case, an organization needs to have a marketing department in which will gather and analyze the market into which the organization is to distribute its products or services. International marketing ensures that countries dispose of their excess produce and in turn purchases what they do not produce from other countries. For this case, the relationship between two countries is enhanced as a result of the two countries trading together. Different countries apply different marketing strategies in ensuring their excess produce is marketed and sold to other countries. This paper will compare and contrast the marketing of Kenya and the United States. Marketing in Kenya Kenya being a developing country specializes mainly in agricultural produce. The country is located along the Indian Ocean and it is in the East of Africa. The economic status of the country is low, however; the country’s economic growth is rising after a new political government was elected in the year 2002. Unlike in the United States where most of the marketing strategies are online, Kenya being a developing country just specializes in the traditional way of marketing. They rely on commercial attaches working under the foreign affairs department to market their products internationally. In such case, these attach work hand in hand with high commissions in foreign countries in identifying countries where the country can market its products. The favorable climate in Kenya ensures the country always gets good yields as far as coffee, tea and other crops such as horticultural pr
Introduction The banking system is very essential for the economy of a country since it offers financial advice to business people besides taking custody of the money which will otherwise be risked at homes. Nevertheless, religion has found its way into the economic well being of the society and to a larger extent determines the financial and other services that people require, because of the difference in belief and teaching of various religious groups. It is because of this reason that Muslims whose Sharia law is a bit restrictive, and were therefore unable to receive their services from the conventional banks, decided to form the Sharia compliant Islamic banks. However, the Islamic and conventional banks exhibit differences in terms of their operations and disclosure in their financial statements. Overview Islamic banks observe the Islamic law which prohibits the acceptance or imposition of interests, because according to the sharia law profits should be earned from goods and services only and money does not fall to any of these categories (Kettell 2011). On the same note, not all goods and services are consistent with the Islamic laws and income from those that are not right in the sharia law is forbidden. The sharia law is put into exercise through the Islamic economics which is the practical application of the sharia and is implemented by many of the nations that observe the Islamic law. Islamic banks are guided by Islamic moral code which restricts the kind of investment that one may undertake and the methods of generating income that the Muslims may be involved in (Greuning & Iqbal 2008). In the recent years, especially the late years of 20 th century, Islamic banks have been growing at high rate spreading all over the globe including in countries which do not observe the Islamic laws. Islamic banks are mostly concerned with the issues of public interest and they belief in profit and loss sharing principle of investment. On the other hand, conventional banks belief in the rule of maximization of profit, and the main source of income is the interest that they get from loans advanced to their clients. Conventional banks take money to be their core business and they are not under any religion’s moral code on how to make profits. They consider that the process of handling money for their clients is a service that attracts charges therefore they allocate differing fees on every transaction (Greuning & Iqbal 2008). Additionally, these banks take granting a loan as one among the many options that the same money could have been used, and therefore attach an interest rate equal to the opportunity cost incurred. On the same note, the conventional banks operate on the rule of free market thus the fee that is charged and the interest rates are determined by the forces of demand and supply. Differences While the conventional banks provide guarantee to their clients for their deposits, Islamic banks do not. This means that, conventional banks ensure that their clients will always get their actual deposits in case of any catastrophe, for
Introduction The Japanese American national Museum is a non profit organization that was established to preserve cultural heritage of the Japanese America. It was founded after the Second World War because of the suffering endured by the Japanese Americans in a land that was not theirs. The museum offers a collection of culture that offers 17 different perspectives of the Japanese living in Los Angela, Tokyo. The authors of the museum comprise of the staff, consultants, and scholars who put emphasis on multi-ethnic partnership in the process of planning and safeguarding of the museum. The mission of the museum is to build communities by working in partnership or in teamwork on some of the projects that put more emphasizes on communal experiences which is the prototype in the museum that integrate the Japanese American with other ethnic groups. The experiences highlighted by the museum are war resentments, social turmoil, and ethnic food ways, among others. This paper gives a brief history of the museum including how it was founded and what led to its establishment. It also explores on the significance of the museum to California in terms of economic, politics and culture. It concludes by giving a personal perspective about the topic and how it relates to California. Brief History Higa, Karin, et al. The view from within: Japanese American Art from the internment camps, 1943-1945. Exhibition catalog. Los Angeles: Japanese American National Museum, 1992. According to Higa (6), the national museum was first opened in 1992, although the development process had taken quite some time. Its opening marked the end of the discrimination faced by Japanese Americans in the United States. It was established because of the incarceration of the 2nd world war when most people were discriminated on the basis of their races. It is based in Los Angeles, Tokyo and since its opening; it has been able to connect the Japanese American experience with national institutions and leaders. Initially, the National Museum was established for the purpose of recording Japanese American experiences. With time, this focus was changed to incorporate intragroup diversity not only within the American community, but also in Europe, Africa and other countries. The national museum is the only national organization that is established for the purpose of sharing the experience of the Japanese with other ethnic groups. It was established in order to preserve the Japanese Americans’ heritage as well as their cultural identity. One of the hallmarks of the museum has been the strength of its human resources, that is, its leadership, volunteers and staff. The retention of a professional development firm and the hiring of professional staff early in the museum’s development represented a third major milestone. Board of Trustees recognized that to move from a volunteer organization to a credible institution, a full-time staff with professional expertise was essential. The National Museum continued to retain fund-raising counsel throughout its first and second campaigns, as well as in the establ
The 100 Most Frequently Cited OSHA Construction Standards in 1991: A Guide for the Abatement of the Top 25 Associated Physical Hazards Falls are the most common causes of death in the construction industry. This is from a research that was done in the late 1980s where it was found out that, 33% of deaths in constructions were as a result of falling from the open floors and openings without a guard rail. This meant that an action had to be taken to prevent unnecessary deaths in the construction industry. Other than deaths, some of the employees suffered from fractures and injuries. Falls ranging from 4-6 feet were the most serious. Falling of materials from the top of buildings also caused injury or death of people on the ground. This called for measures in all dimensions to take care of the employees as well as the rest of the people in the surrounding of a construction exercise (Marshall 1). Prevention mechanisms for falls are more effective than protection mechanisms. To construct effective guard rail systems is more effective than use of helmets and dressing for a fall. Toe boards should also be constructed to protect the workers below from the falling materials. The employees should protect themselves by wearing hard hats. The employees should never fail to wear hard helmets even during site inspection. The metallic hats are not recommended because they conduct electricity. From research records, there are very good examples that demonstrate the need to wear a helmet. One man died as a result of crashing of a ladder as he was standing on the ground. Another example is when one wire rope broke and struck an employee on his head leading to his death. These incidences called for preventive measures. Dangers of Distracted Driving, Healthier workers, Safer Work place, A stronger America Distraction of drivers even in constructions industry causes many accidents that claim innocent lives. In 2009 driving crashes caused more than 5000 lives. It was clear that texting while driving is as bad as being drunk while driving. This is because the distraction of the eyes from the road is about 400 %. To protect the employees, major rules and regulations were put into place by OSHA. The driver causes even the ones he is driving to be injured or to lose their lives. Prevention is better than facing the consequences; many people who drive while texting are at a greater risk of having an accident (Michaels 1). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) joined together with the Transport Department and other Labor Department Agencies to make the public aware of dangers of texting while driving. Texting while driving is an offence and whoever is caught texting was supposed to pay a fine. OSHA therefore works towards creating good culture and working environments. The employers should ensure that drivers must not text while driving. The employers should also ensure that they create working procedures that do not require an employee to send a text message. There should be time set apart for drivers to communicate with the customers and mana
The statistical data shows that Congress is not popular among the population. The results allow us to say that the Constitution is just “American Illusion” together with examples of the elections of the President, representation system (two senators from each state regardless of size of population), election procedure and limitations of Congressional power. Concentration of powers that renders freedom uncertain, because so completely dependent on the whim of one who is at once prosecutor, judge, jury, and jailer–all in relation to “laws” that he has enunciated and can arbitrarily change. Without a tranquility of mind that comes to a man from the certainty of his safety–a tranquility that none can possess when those who hold power can abuse it with impunity–freedom is a precarious and perhaps meaningless thing. Dahl points that the presidential elections do not represent fairly the population of different stats and are limited by a “winner take all” system. The electoral system is based on the concept that each state gives electors proportionally to number of senators in Congress (Dahl, p. 33). Thus, the constitution stipulates that each state has to elect only two representatives regardless of its geographical size and population. So, the majority of the population is underrepresented. These facts show that American people should stop using the system and develop a new one based on fair and democratic principles of representation (Congress Job Rating n.d.). Congress is popular among one-third of the society but disapproved by two-thirds of the respondents. These results vividly portray that the American system of power has many limitations and drawbacks often cited as advantages and democratic freedoms. One may concede that it is ideally best for a community to act only after it has achieved unanimity of opinion–not only because a unanimous will is strongest and most binding, but because it includes. In their view, the institutional devices established by the framers of the American system of power to fragment and diffuse political powers have in fact prevented the majority from ruling, or, more strictly, from effectively controlling those who rule in its name (Dahl, p. 38). Consequently, what oppressive measures have been enacted in America are to be accounted for in te
Introduction Individual dynamism is a critical phenomenon within an organization. It is crucial to adjust appropriately to the challenging situations that might engulf an organization. This is advisable to ensure that the attitude, approach, and performance of individuals remain apposite and competitive within the organization. Precisely, the matter considers the aspects of resilience at an individual’s level. Nonetheless, the fact is also necessary and applicable at a group or organizational level. Individuals, factions, and corporations should be resilient enough in order to cope with the challenging macro-environmental situations (Miner, 2007). This research explores resilience at an individual level in order to understand how various people will react to differing conditions and how easy they can cope with the challenging situations at workplace and generally in life. The research considers the aspects of organizational behaviour, which studies individualized characters of people and their effects within organizations. The study would help organizations identify and deal with any gaps which may instil unproductiveness within their workforce hence improving normal operation practices. It would at the same time assist in the development and maintenance of strategies dealing with stress at workplace (Light, 2005). Evidently, an individual requires aspects of self-understanding in order to formulate how they can adjust to the changing environments with precision, appropriateness, and the desired relevancy. This will help in self-actualization, satisfaction, and creativity to avoid the looming life challenges that might affect an individual, group, or an organization with stringent adversities in the realms of performance. As proved by the study, individuals react differently to varied situations, thus indicating the differing levels of resilience witnessed among individuals (Phillips & Gully, 2012). These critical variables are considerable at individual levels and effectual at organizational scales. The success of an individual depends on how flexible he or she is to varying situations. Another importance of this study is evident since it indicates how people are able to overcome obstacles and challenging situations, which in turn influence the aspects of performance, job satisfaction, and well being. These aspects are applicable at individual levels, which is the main concern of this research, as indicated earlier. Concurrently, the information from this study can help an organization in understanding its employees better hence knowing and prospecting how employees react to any challenging macro-environmental situation (Light, 2005). This happens for the good of the concerned organization. Firms can use s