ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Marketing is vital for the development of every business enterprise. It allows the company to see the full and comprehensive picture of the market it tries to enter, study the competition’s conditions, supply, and demand, etc (Kotler & Keller, 2008). All these activities are united under the single name, ‘marketing’, which basically allows companies to be aware of the conditions of the market they want to compete in (Hague, 2009). The process of segmentation of the market is used by companies as a part of their marketing strategies (Daemon, 2009). The energy market demands segmentation as well. The energy market is a rather fast developing one in which new trends of segmentation are constantly observed. Needless to say, to cope with the demands of the constantly developing markets, every company needs to update its segmentation policies and techniques from time to time (Daemon, 2009). The most recent trend, as reported for instance by Gruber (2008), in segmentation is the process of basing the latter on the so-called psychographic factors. In other words, besides monitoring the buying habits of the customers and the recent demand trends, companies should pay attention to the psychological peculiarities of their customers and consider their likes and dislikes, values systems, lifestyles, etc (Gruber, 2008). Thus, a greater focus on the psychology and individuality of each customer is the newest segmentation technique that will definitely determine the market conditions in the future. The energy market is definitely one of the fastest developing market areas nowadays (Kotler & Keller, 2008). The current economic stagnation, instability of supply, and prices in the energy market all contribute to the need for special attention to the energy sector of the market. In Germany for instance, the newest trends in energy market segmentation are people-oriented, i. e. based on the psychological peculiarities of every customer. In Germany Sinus-Milieus approach, Geometrie, and Euro-Socio-Styles approach are used by the majority of companies (Gruber, 2008). These approaches allow companies like Eon, RWE, EnBW, and Vattenfall to monitor customers’ values and segment them into separate groups according to those values (Gruber, 2008). With the help of the approaches mentioned above, the German energy market manages to segment the customer base of the country according to seven major principles that include price sensitivity, level of services, brand image, brand’s being environmentally friendly, innovations offered, absence of risks, and commitment to traditional energy providers (Gruber, 2008). Based on these criteria, German energy market players build their promotion campaigns and try to attract new customers using the mistakes of the competitors (Gruber, 2008). For instance, if Eon increases prices, RWE might offer lower ones and claim its care about the environment to attract those unsatisfied with Eon to its customer base (Gruber, 2008). However, this works rather seldom as a commitment to tradition seems to b
Details of small business and their current location, competition etc. The Indian fast food sector has always been dominated by foreign companies, such as McDonald’s, Pizza Hut and Subway. However, during the past of couple of years, domestic companies have started venturing into this field with products of local delicacies. Initially, the Indian domestic fast food was unorganised, but gradually, it has taken the shape of a profitable and multi-billion rupee industry that has posed a serious threat to the foreign players. One of the renowned names in the Indian fast food industry is King Vada Pav (KVP). Owing to its strong financing and favourable positioning, KVP is set to give strong competition to other local and international fast food companies and/or franchises. Figure 1: King Vada Pav. Figure 2: Location of King Vada Pav. Figure 3: KVP is based in Mumbai, the financial capital of India. The company commenced its operations on August 23, 2001 (Gupta 2013). Its operations started as a result of dedicated efforts by its founder and Managing Director, Mr. Dheeraj Gupta. Marketing policy was formulated based on foreign fast food marketing strategy. The product (vada pav) was given the name Jumbo King (brand name). Vada pav (a local delicacy) was chosen as its main product with an intention to provide an opportunity to the local populace to savour economic and hygienic local food. KVP is by far the largest vendor of vada pav in India’s financial capital. With 43 countrywide stores, the company sells almost 0.15 million vada pavs on a daily basis. During the years, different variants of vada pav have been launched, such as Regular Combo, Grill Combo, Butter Grill Combo, Schezwan Combo, Schezwan Cheese Combo, Tandoori Paneer Combo, Veg Crispy Combo, Veg Crispy with Cheese Combo, Corn Palak Combo, Corn with Cheese Combo, and Jambosa. Figure 4: Delicacies served at King Vada Pav. As a reward for its ded
Introduction The representation of war in the media plays a significant role in forming the attitude of the public towards the armed conflicts. With the spread of the media, the government has to pay much attention to the light in which the conflict is shown, and manage the outcomes. In this paper, the impact of the media on the U.S. military interests and their general influence on the government policy will be discussed. An Overview of the Relationships Between the Government and the Media Regarding the Military Issues Before speaking about the U.S. military interests, it is important to observe that the U.S. has the population of more than 320 million people. Thus, the military interests may be formed not by the “nation” as a whole, but by certain groups. It appears especially likely that major businesspersons engage actively in policy-forming, and that the acts taken by the politicians may be influenced by them. For instance, it is stated that, during the Cold War, the U.S. policy was largely influenced by the needs of weapon manufacturers to produce and sell arms. 1 Thus, before implementing a policy, especially a military one, whichever part of the population it originates in, the government needs to make it justified in the eyes of the rest of the population so as not to lose its support (e.g. in the elections). For this purpose, the media have always been used as a way to spread the information and propaganda. However, the existence of independent media may interfere with the government’s agenda, force the authorities to change their actions, or produce undesirable for the government results in the public. For instance, during the Vietnam War, the failures of the American militaries caused fear and shock among American civilians 2 ; the exposure of the harsh realities of war (see, for example, Illustrations 1 and 2), and e.g. of the atrocities done by the American soldiers during My Lai Massacre, caused a significant public outrage. 3 As for the history of the relationships between the media and the U.S. military, it is stated that, due to reporting the U.S. armed forces’ failures in Vietnam, the media were, in fact, blamed for losing the war in Vietnam. Because of this, in 1991, censorship was implemented; it was ruled out to limit the access of the journalists to the military conflicts so as to avert possible adverse reports; special approval of the authorities was needed to publish materials. The images that were allowed to be published comprised sterile pictures of shooting, explosions, etc.; the fighting often resembled a compute
Short Overview of the Dubai Customs Dubai Customs can be traced back to the late 1850s when the practice of collecting customs duties began immediately the goods were unloaded. In 1938, a building was constructed for the customs office. The Customs Department was officially established. The department was tasked with making its legislation and recruiting its employees. In the 1950s, new projects were commenced for the development of Dubai, the expansion of its trade, and the strengthening of the organisation’s customs. Currently, the Dubai Customs is not only tasked with the collection of duties. Its mandate has extended to various services, including in economic and societal areas. Dubai Customs plays a social, financial, statistical, and economic role. Its financial role is displayed through the collection of revenue. Its social function involves regulating the import and export of goods in and out of Dubai. While the statistical function involves generating reports, analysis, and statistics on the trade of Dubai, the economic function involves controlling the stream of trade into the business sector (Dubai Customs 2014). The company purposes of becoming a leader in customs administration by offering innovative and proactive services to its clientele. Knowing its impact in the trade supply chain, the Dubai Customs has been a supporter of fair trade. For this reason, it identifies and deals with practices that are against its legislatio
The psychology field has often been considered as an independent turf. In relation to other areas, like healthcare and management, psychology has often been considered as a standalone field. However, psychology has often been associated with the healthcare industry. On the other hand, use of psychology in management has been limited. The American Psychological Association’s website outlines several applications of modern day psychology. Some of these involve healthcare, while others incorporate management. This paper will explore how psychologists can work as a part of healthcare and management teams. Recently, the Congress has been clamoring for an integrated healthcare system. Many stakeholders believe that an integrated healthcare system can be a significant move that is aimed at reforming the health sector. This integration brings together health providers from various disciplines. According to APA’s website, this collaborative effort is essential when it comes to treating a person. In this arrangement, professionals, such as nurses, physicians, psychologists, and other healthcare providers, can work as a single unit. Psychologists can work as a part of healthcare teams in a number of stations. They can be stationed at medical schools, hospitals, pain clinics, nursing homes, outpatient clinics, rehabilitation facilities, mental health facilities, and community health facilities. In all these areas, psychologists can be a part of teams that work together in achieving overall health. While being in such teams, psychologists can either be the main health providers or act as secondary health providers. As a part of healthcare teams, psychologists can collaborate with nutritionists, social workers, physiotherapists to treat or prevent diseases and ailments. Some of the notable psychologists, who are working towards an integrated healthcare, include APA’s executive director Katherine Nordal. Through her initiatives, APA has contributed to healthcare teams like the one of the Geisinger Health System. This program has been recently mentioned in a presidential speech and praised for its effectiveness. The Geisinger System provides healthcare to over two million citizens. This healthcare initiative incorporates various aspects of healthcare, such as pediatrics and gynecology. The system also incorporates psychologists working in various capacities. Charlotte Collins, a behavioral medicine psychologist who works for the program, says that her input helps improve healthcare outcomes. Another example of an area, in which psychologists have been involved in, is in the Department of Veteran Affairs. Antoinette Zeiss has worked with this program for over twenty years. Antoinette’s job has been to train interns for the program. There are several other areas in which psychologists work as a part of healthcare teams. In all such instances, the primary goal is to integrate and improve healthcare. Psychologists can also be integrated into industry’s management teams. All teams are formed of different personalities. Whenever different person
Both Pieterse and Escobar are in agreement when it comes to the “crisis of development” in Third World countries. Both are in agreement, that the disparity between the First World countries and the Third World countries in terms of GDP, and other economic factors are substantial. Both are in agreement that something has to be done to rectify the problem. However, the similarity ends here, because Escobar proposes a radical approach on how to resolve the said issue. Escobar asserted that a Western style of development must be rejected. Escobar said that it is best to revisit what has worked in the past. He said that Third World countries suffered due to the indirect effects of colonialism. He also asserted that poverty was the result of a Western style of managing resources that was introduced to the said countries. Escobar pointed out that in the past, these societies survived through the efficient use of social networks, and the efficient sharing of resources. Escobar, therefore, calls for a nexus with grassroots movements, as a viable solution to the inequality problem. Pieterse disagrees with Escobar’s view. Pieterse asserted that Escobar had an overly simplistic view of development. Pieterse argued that development in Third World countries is not merely the direct result of Western influence. Pieterse said that Escobar’s view is nothing more than nostalgic romanticism with conservative overtones. Pieterse’s view of development as opposed to Escobar’s Pieterse believes in the power of alternative development to solve the socio-economic problems in Third World countries. He said that alternative development promotes alternative practices of development. This idea focuses on local development. Alternative development can also be viewed as an overall institutional challenge. For example, in a normative approach to development, the focus is on economic change. However, in an alternative development framework, the focus is on the people’s capability to affect social change within their own society. Pieterse is developing a way to critique conventional views about development. His primary concern is to discredit the popular view called developmentalism. He said that it stems from a Eurocentric approach to development. It is founded on the assumption that development must follow a certain pattern. It follows that there are certain gatekeepers. These are people that are privileged enough to discern the logic, and unilateral direction of economic and social development. Therefore, Europeans and Americans believed that they are more advanced than others with regards to economic strength. In other words, Pieterse created a framework to critique mainstream development. Thus, he was able to determine that development from a Western point of view follows a secularized Christian narrative of redemption. In this particular narrative, the colonizers are credited for transforming primitive societies into civilized societies. Thus, it is important to introduce an alternative view of development. A good example of this approach is to go beyond the discussion of macro-economic change. Pieterse argued that it is time to question the goals, age
Introduction Nowadays, there are too many similar products in the same market. Hence, competition is high in the contemporary market. Besides, for some products, it is hard for customers to determine the right products to use since a majority of the customers do not have any outstanding popular brand. For any business or company to outdo others in the modern market, it has to make sure that it positions its brand in a way that it attracts customers and stands out from other brands (Aaker & Keller, 2005). The brand should be in a position to draw customers’ attention. Brand presents the product image and sometimes it tells a story about the product. Businesses use numerous strategies to enhance brand experience including visual advertisement, audio advertisement, and a combination of both the visual and audio advertisement (Aaker & Keller, 2005). All these strategies contribute to the enhancement of brand experience in different ways. Advertisement departments have understood the role of visual advertisement in enhancing brand experience.
How and why Amoxicillin is overused Amoxicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic prescribed by physicians to fight bacterial infections. The drug does not kill bacteria, but obstructs their ability to form cells, a precondition for bacteria to proliferate (Offit et al, 1999). News about amoxicillin overuse in North America, South America, Africa, Europe and Asia is a major cause of concern for practitioners as it enhances drug resistance (Rosenblut et al, 2006). Amoxicillin’s availability as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug has enhanced its use in many parts of the world, especially in North America and Europe (Wood, 1999). In developing countries, self prescription plays a role in enhancing overuse of amoxicillin. Mostly, in self prescribing, the drug is taken for the wrong reasons, increasing instances of resistance (Abramson & Givner, 1999). In all continents, amoxicillin is prescribed more often by physicians as a good remedy for bacterial infections, making it one of the most overused antibiotics. In most parts of Europe, Asia, and North America, the drug is prescribed freely and irrationally (Mohan et al, 2004). Amoxicillin continues to be overused all over the world since it is viewed as having a comparatively broad spectrum against many bacteria that are sensitive to its effects. The drug forms a good selection for physicians when the sensitivity of the disease-causing bacteria is unknown (Offit et al, 1999). When an organism in a severe ailment cannot be secluded, a common strategy for many practitioners around the world is to ‘cover’ for all potential bacteria using amoxicillin in amalgamation with other antibiotics, leading to its overuse (Wolf, 2003). Amoxicillin also continues to be overused due to misdiagnosis of ailments. For example, physicians continue to treat 50%-70% of patients suffering from upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with amoxicillin, notwithstanding the fact that majority of these ailments have a viral aetiology (Mohan, 2004). Over-treatment of patients using antimicrobial regimens, specifically amoxicillin, has been known to occur in the United States and other parts of the world (Garbutt et al, 2003). In Africa and Latin America, over-treatment, over-diagnosis, and easy availability of the drug have been cited as causes of overuse. In North America, Amoxicillin continues to be overused because it is low-priced and well tolerated (Abramson & Givner, 1999). Lack of awareness and disagreeing with recommended treatment guidelines by physicians have also led to an overuse of amoxicillin in all parts of the world (Garbutt, et al, 2003). Bacteria Resistance Amoxicillin is recommended to treat infections arising from strains of bacteria such as E. faecalis, Streptococci, N. gonorrhoeae, V. atypical, E. coli, S. Pneumoniae, R. mucilaginosa, Staphylococcus, P. mirabilis, G. haemolysans, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae , and H. Pylori (Ready et al, 2004). However, some of the bacteria have developed resistance to the drug. In the US, S. pneumoniae , th
The movie “What the Bleep Do We Know” is trying to illustrate the connection between the physical and the immaterial worlds. Human everyday life consists of many routines and necessary things that are mostly physical such as work, school, a number of chores or minor responsibilities, and hopefully sleep. The person is consumed by the fast-paced world and involuntarily distances themselves from the inner world (What the Bleep Do We Know?). This busy lifestyle leaves no time to think about the spiritual side of life. But in reality, there is a close connection between the material and the immaterial worlds and they are united in an individual. The immaterial world is a place of feelings, thoughts, and concepts. It is what makes a person who they are. They were not the ones who consciously created themselves so it must have been some other Natural force. A human being puts their own personality and physical world together and makes it one, creating something that did not exist before. This individuality is very unique, which people often call “the soul”. The perspective that a person has decides everything. If someone sees themselves as overweight or not good-looking enough, this view is reinforced by the self and the person focuses all their attention on the negative aspects of the body or mind. Because it happens so often it becomes almost impossible to view yourself as anything different. But if a person decides to take their life into their own hands, think about the positive sides, and make an effort to work on anything that worries them, then the outcome will be absolutely positive. The brain’s impulses will realign into a new schema and change the rest of human beings accordingly. A somewhat similar idea is presented in the movie “The Secret: Law of Attraction.” For some time now it has been speculated that thoughts are material. In the real world, this is true but unnoticeable to most (The Secret). An interesting fact is that anyth
Perceptions to Partner’s Negotiating Style Overall, I have to say that my partner’s negotiating style was very cordial and straightforward. I say this because instead of straying from the point of the exercise they focused immediately on the point of the discussion and attempted to focus on what they wanted out of the negotiation. Do note though that they were neither rude nor pushy with this particular negotiating tactic. Instead, they were very business-like in their demeanor and showed a considerable level of attentiveness and respect for my opinion despite the fact that they were focusing on what they wanted. Admittedly, such a style is something that I am not overly fond of using. My personal preference when it comes to negotiating is more laid back in that I usually attempt to placate the person I am talking to with some small talk, attempt to relate my point of view by utilizing an outside example and have the other party in the negotiation see things from my perspective. My partner utilized the complete opposite of such a style; however, I have to admit that they did get their point through rather quickly, especially when it came to aspects related to negotiating about money related matters. Ease/Difficulty with Negotiating with the other Party What made the negotiations rather easy was the fact that I personally knew the individual I was negotiating with. As a result, I knew what tacti