ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In civil and other legal literature, the categories of contract and agreement are considered to be synonymous. However, there are a number of differences between the two concepts, the analysis of which reveals their properties. In legal scholarship, it is generally accepted that an agreement and a contract relate as general and private. This suggests that all contracts are agreements but not all agreements are contracts. Contracts are concluded by the parties to agree on the counteractions to satisfy their interests. That is, each party to a contract has its own goal. At the same time, the persons concluding the agreement move towards achieving a single common goal without creating an independent civil legal relationship. A contract always presupposes the existence of a specific obligation that arises for the parties to the transaction.[1] At the same time, the rules of law may describe in detail the essence of a particular obligation, the limits of the exercise of rights, and the performance of obligations by the parties. Agreements do not have to contain all the terms in such a detailed way. When comparing the categories of contract and agreement, the form of the concluded transaction is an important factor, although it is not always a qualifying feature of the legal status. The existence of a contract in a written form guarantees protection in court proceedings, unlike an oral agreement.[2] Suppose the parties have decided to verbally stipulate the terms without enshrining them in written or electronic form. In that case, the subsequent relations are built on trust in the fulfillment of all obligations without any legal guarantees. Whereas the contract, as a general rule, should sometimes be concluded in written form, and non-compliance with this rule can be the reason why an agreement can be recognized as not being concluded at all. In addition, the existence of a contract with the conditions set out in it contributes to the court’s correct decision on the merits of the complaint. It also becomes possible to determine the appropriate remedy if one of the parties fails to fulfill its obligations. Moreover, the process of proving in court in the presence of a document will be many times easier.[3] The list of situations in which agreements are concluded is much broader than the cases in which a contract is executed. Accordingly, the requirements for agreements are not so strict due to the variety of forms and situations in which it is necessary to apply them.[4] It is precisely here that the semantic interconnection of these two notions emerges. It is important to remember that not all relationships involve the same civil law regulation, and the rules on transactions and contracts are unlikely to apply to any agreement. An agreement is not necessarily a contract since it has been concluded in another form and the standard procedure for challenging contracts applies to it, for example. However, by concluding a contract, the parties agree on the basic conditions and on important legal details. In contrast to a co
Background Although, occasionally, it is difficult for contemporary people to understand the importance of Iliad and Odyssey , its power should not be underestimated. The significance of Iliad and Odyssey in the modern world can be explained by the fact that they are the first ancient epics, which have survived to this day. It provides a deep insight into the lifestyle of ancient people. In addition, it appears to be the only historical and written source for the period of Dark Times. Therefore, it presents its main difference from other ancient stories, which are not relevant anymore. The primary reason for it is the fact that there is a range of other stories and historical sources about other periods. As for me, I find these books engaging to read these books, as they are informative in the context of the ancient people’s way of thinking. The Role of Gods in Homer It should be admitted that the role of gods in Homer is significant. There are numerous of them in the poems and they are capable of influencing their lives considerably. An illustrative example for this thesis could be the fact that Athena supported and provided Telemachus with essential help. There is a likelihood that the journey of Telemachus was not successful to the same extent without her involvement. Therefore, it is evident that the story could not exist the same way without the participants of gods. The Attitude to War The attitude to war in Homer’s poem presents a matter of discussion. On the one hand, the author paid significant attention to warrior honor, while describing the characters and their behavior. Preparations for fights and the process itself are present as something exciting. On the other hand, he illustrates the negative and destructive consequences of war (Sehgal, 2017). For this reason, there is no precise answer to this question. Reference Sehgal, S. (2017). War times . Medium.
In the globalized society, where social media are used as the main tools of communication and knowledge sharing, understanding how one can manage a reputation online is imperative. Social media screenings have been widely used by employers or business partners for evaluating the reputation of potential employees or colleagues online (Vroman, Stulz, Hart, and Stulz, 2016). The best candidates are thought to be found through social media because a large number of companies use online sources to vet candidates even before interviewing them. The importance of social media reputation management is linked to trying to present oneself in a positive light (Roth, Bobko, Van Iddekinge, and Thatcher, 2013). This means that being invisible online is not the best strategy in terms of having a beneficial reputation as potential employers are looking for as much information as possible: who are their candidates, have they done what they say they have done, will they fit into an organization, and do they understand how to use the Internet for business (Joyce, 2016). It is problematic that human resource managers cannot find enough information online as they tend to interview those candidates who use social media to their advantage. Literature Review Personality, Reputation, and Presentation Although the issue of reputation management online is important, there has been a lack of studies exploring some relevant information on how the problem is approached from several perspectives. In particular, relationships between such skills as reputation, presentation, and personality on
Psychological problems such as depression, insomnia, behavioral problems, etc. are major concerns in today’s stressful world. While there are several treatments involving drugs to control these problems there are also high risks of several side effects. Currently, psychotherapy is an emerging treatment technique for mental or emotional disorders. As of today, there are as many as 400 types of psychotherapies. However, today psychologists have formulated “a combination of therapies which is a mixture of metaphysics, religion and pseudoscientific “insights.” As a result of several combinations and their success rates, there are still controversies and disagreements over what constitutes successful therapy (Carroll, 2007). This paper intends to discuss the techniques of psychodrama which is one of the most common psychotherapies used today. Psychodrama is a form of therapy that makes use of dramatic action, real-life situations, problems, concerns, wishes and dreams, and the highest aspirations of people, groups, systems, and organizations. It was developed by Jacob L. Moreno in the 1930s. Psychodrama is gaining much popularity and is expanding significantly. As of now, there are more than 12,000 professionals around the worl
For Nietzsche (1983) decorative culture is a culture that is not real and is not based on reality. Rather it makes something where nothing exists or highly distorts the culture in the past. In his discussion, Nietzsche (1983) outlines the way history has come to play a larger than life part in the world for cultures that seem to embrace the past and forget the present. These cultures attempt to make immortal past figures, events, and even cultural time often at the detriment of the present time. These according to Nietzsche (1983) even they are integrated into current life remain decorative since they are not authentic. True culture on the other hand is lived and authentic. Popular culture seems to celebrate the past and is based on a life that is not it’s own. In popular culture, it is not impossible to find glorified events or figures. For those who look at culture as true or decorative popular culture seems to look back with nostalgia without a total understanding of the circumstances during those times nor relevance in the current times. Thus movies for example about pirate-like “Pirates of the Caribbean”, cowboy movies, gangster movies, and others find their way into popularity, and yet what they have to show is largely on the entertainment level. According to Nietzsche (1983), the reality of the past sneaks into the present without real value for modern society. Popular culture would therefore largely be regarded as decorative. Movies that deal with issues that pertain to current culture would still be considered decorative if they look at life issues in exaggerated ways since they would still be glorifying the unreal culture. According to Nietzsche (1983) however, these are quite popular with cultures that seem to want to escape their reality or are not keen enough to accept the circumstances they are in.
The event of protest covered in this 25 th august 2010 New York Times was the planned burning of copies of the Koran by members of a small Florida based evangelical church led by their pastor, Terry Jones. They had planned to conduct their protest so it would coincide with the 10 th anniversary of September 11 th , 2000 terrorist attacks on the United States. Burning of copies of Islam’s holiest book was supposed to be the strongest denunciation of Islamic faith, which Pastor Jones unequivocally condemned as a faith “full of lies” and “a religion of the devil”. Another equally instrumental factor that contributed to the decision of the church to burn copies of the Koran was the plan by the Islamic Center in New York to build within the vicinity of ground zero an “Islamic cultural center”, which was widely seen as a mosque, as part of commemoration of the 9/11 terrorist attack. This was completely unacceptable to the pastor and his congregation. The article portrays the planned event of burning copies of the Koran by the pastor as a momentous event which would have produced possibly previously unseen and far reaching consequences. In regard to the burning of copies of the Koran, Cave in his opening statement poses a critical as well as deeply engaging question to the reader. He challenges his reader to imagine the magnitude of controversy that would ensure from an act burning copies of the Koran. For Cave, such an act would definitely raise a storm that would totally overshadow the controversy surrounding the planned construction of a mosque near ground zero [1] . The planned act of burning of copies of Koran had caused a huge controversy not only in the U.S but across the world. On one hand, critics of the act ranged from those who mainly viewed it as a culmination of religious intolerance, to Islamic jihadists who read it as pure blasphemy besides being an unacceptable act of scorn towards Islam. On the other hand were supporters of the act of protest who ranged from those who cited freedom of expression guaranteed in the American constitution as their reason for supporting the act, to those who, like Jones himself, perceived Islam as an evil religion and an enemy that should be destroyed. Amidst this controversy, Cave – in general- appears to take a soft stance against the planned act, and more so its mastermind [2] . He tends to paint the pastor as an ordinary but uninhibited American who deeply cherishes the freedom of expression provided for in the constitution. The evangelical pastor is even remotely painted as a victim for “political correctness” by both secular and a group of Christian Americans, as well as of, ironically, religious intolerance from Islamic faithfuls from across the world. In regard to portrayal of the Jones as a victim, the article clearly points out the fact that the pastor is forced to walk around with a gun at all times [3] . Besides, Jones was ordered to immediately repay an outstanding balance of 140,000 dollars he owed his bank on mortgage of the church [4] . The article also notes that, consequent to him announcing his planned act of protest, insurance cover for his prope
Introduction: Description of the Company The new business venture that I will evaluate is a fitness facility that caters to elite fitness in all sport modalities. The facility will open three months from now, and it is necessary to conduct a thorough SWOT analysis to investigate its strengths and opportunities and learn from its weaknesses and threats. The fitness center will not be too large, and it will be able to host 100 people simultaneously in different departments. To arrange the workflow in the facility successfully, it will be necessary to hire several people, including administrators, trainers, masseuses, a dietician, a physician, and cleaning people. The venture will offer a variety of services to its clients. First of all, visitors will be able to exercise on the most modern equipment under the guidance of experienced fitness trainers. Secondly, each client will be able to consult the dietician and discuss the best dietary options to make exercises effective. Thirdly, there will be a pool where visitors will be able to swim for relaxation, weight loss, or health improvement. Finally, there will be a small shop next to the administrators’ desk with sports nutrition for
The key concepts of a person-centered therapy or patient-centered approach are harnessing empathetic, non-directive, and empowering measures. In other words, a therapist avoids fostering dependency and educating a client (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2018). The video presents the case where the individual has major issues in regards to his self-worth and space for himself. Therefore, the entire session is based on supportive measures, where the person is put at the very center of the interactions. In addition, it is important to note that listening plays a critical role in ensuring that the given client is able to be fully expressive and elaborative on his problems. It is important to note that the demonstration utilizes a wide range of techniques, which are derived from the core concepts of the patient-centered theory. These include walking within, reflective listening for both feelings and content, and core conditions evaluation, where the latter involves accurate empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence (“Video 5.1 Person-centered theory,” n.d.). The predicted outcome is the notion that the client is able to fully and freely express himself with no interruptions and confrontations as in the existential approach. The session revolves around listening measures, where the client is heard on both his emotions and the context of his life. In other words, there is an environment where complete support and reflection are put in place. One should note that the therapist’s role in the video is centered around the client. It is important to point out that the therapist does not strive to provide education for the person, and she does not seek to create dependency, which might result in one becoming the object of love (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2018). Therefore, the client is able to experience the present moment within the session without any distractions of the past or future. The therapist focuses on listening and reflecting on the information provided by the client himself rather than imposing her own ideas on a person. She cleverly navigates the discussion and communication without any precise form of direction, which means that non-directive measures are taken. The content of the presentation case can be synthesized as an apparent treatment plan by focusing on listening and reflecting on a patient’s needs. In other words, a client is allowed to take over the conversation, where he or she fully expresses his or her views, beliefs, opinions, and conclusions. The plan needs to be centered around a person, where the latter is free to communicate his or her thoughts without any directive or instructive interventions from the therapist. Thus, such an approach is based on a treatment plan, which is supportive of a client without any imposed conditions. A client might express himself or herself in a confusing or unclear manner, but these factors are not relevant since the emphasis is put on the person rather than an issue or subj
Introduction. Study Design The article under consideration is the study of the incidence and the attempt to find out the reasons for the self-reporter reduced productivity based on “musculoskeletal symptoms among computer users” (Hagberg et al., 2007, p. 1821). The design of the study is cohort research implementing the questionnaire and the monthly follow-up studies to check the results of the initial work and the possible changes of those results during the next 10 months. Research Problem The main problem of the article is the study of the musculoskeletal symptoms among computer users as, according to Hagberg et al. (2007), the majority of the latter suffer issues with their health because of their intense and devoted work. The situation is worsened by the fact that the bulk of workers experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms still work as they are either too ethical or loyal or just motivated by the financial stability of their families. The objective of the research was to identify the incidence rates of various types of musculoskeletal symptoms and see the factors why both employers and employees still cooperate if the symptoms discussed to reduce the workers’ productivity. Research Procedures The research procedures involved in the study include a literature review of the most relevant themes and ideas expressed by other scholars in previous research work, the development of the questionnaire, selection of the sample for the research, the analysis of the initial data, and the conduct of the monthly follow-ups during 10 next months to monitor the shifts in results. The literature review includes the consideration of main risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms, the main reasons for them, as well as the points that make employers and employees keep collaborating understanding the reduced productivity. The 88-item questionnaire was used to assess the study respondents’ (1283 people, 636 men, and 896 women) answers, whose results were converted into percentage relations to each other to see the main gender differences in the effect of musculoskeletal symptoms on work productivity, etc. Procedural Design Flaws The main flaw of the procedural design of the study is the only approximate possibility to measure the problems and productivity reduction levels in computer workers. The first point here is that these levels are self-reported and, consequently, self-assessed. The subjectivity of such answers and the correct relation made by every single person as for the reasons and effects of his/her productivity reduction limits the validity and potential opportunity to generalize the findings of the study. Data Analysis As for the procedures of data analysis, they are rather simple and purely mathematical.
Introduction Doris Kearns was born in 1947 after the Second World War. She grew up in Brooklyn, in the age when American teenagers were experiencing a major behavioral change. Indeed, most young girls and boys were undergoing a new phase in their lives marked by rebellion and immorality. Parents, on the other hand, did not understand why their children’s behavior had changed all over a sudden. In fact, most of them were so astounded by this change that they resorted to the use of severe corporal punishment in a bid to try and change their children’s behavior. Despite all the changes in Doris Kearns’ neighborhood, Doris Kearns life was very different from that of her peers. It was difficult to compare her with any of her friends in the fifties as she was completely different person (King, 2004). The aim of this paper is to elaborate on how different Doris’ life was from her peers in the fifties. Through her childhood, her teenage years and eventually career life, Doris Kearns’ character came out as unique in comparison to other girls of her age. Main Discussion Right from her birth, everything about Doris Kearns was different from other girls her age. She was born to an Irish father Michael and an American mother Helen. For most part of her childhood, Doris Kearns attended the Catholic Church as were her parents. This was, however, not the usual way of life for most girls of her age. In the fifties, Catholicism was relatively a new denomination in America. Majority of the people at that time were Protestants. This made life very difficult for young Doris Kearns as most of her friends and schoolmates were Protestants. In her memoir, Doris Kearns described her neighborhood as a peaceful and calm place; in fact, she compared it with heaven. Goodwin states, “Our street…was common land – our playground, our park, our community” (55). In her memoir, Goodwin described her school life as an exciting one—it was her only way to make friends and playmates. Unlike many girls of her age, Doris enjoyed school life—she says, “I threw myself into high school affairs with unprecedented zeal…”. (Goodwin 235). Further, Goodwin states that her interest in reading was shaped by her mother’s influence. Her mother encouraged the girl to enjoy whatever she was reading, and from that time onwards, she developed a knack for reading. In fact, she was a hardworker in class that she always topped her