ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Although people are apt to show humanity in most cases, there are situations when only a single choice can be made. Choosing three people who are most worthy to live on the planet and contribute to the further development of the mankind, one has to utilize only the most reasonable and logical approach including economical and political considerations. Thus, it will be possible to suggest that, despite the complexity of the situation, the correct actions still can be carried out. Since it is necessary that the population of the mankind did not expand, due to the lack of supplies, it is undesirable that the pregnant woman were in the bunker. However violent and outrageous that might sound, the more people will be born, the less the survivors are going to live. The spouse of hippies is also highly likely to contribute to the population growth, which means that they must be left outside the bunker. In addition, they cannot contribute to the group of survivors much – or, at least, more than the scientists, for example. An army officer is also quite an undesirable choice for the life in bunker, since he possesses certain mental instability. In spite if the fact that he can prove useful for the new colony, the harm which he can bring seized by another fit can wipe off the rest of the survivors. This means that the officer cannot stay with the survivors either. From the political point of view, the new group requires a leader who can tackle the most conflicting situations which will inevitably arise, and divide the remaining of the supplies between the people. It seems that the lawyer is one of those people who are going to join the survivors – he has enough experience in tackling the most complicated political issues to control two more people. As Sutton (2001) mentioned, “modern societies consciously seek to use law as a means for achieving important public policy goals” (133).Thus, the lawyer will stay in the bunker as a part of the new community. Taking into account the economical point of view, it will be necessary for the new society to split into those engaged with the political and economical issues and those who will be busy with rough work. Consequently, the new society will need the person of considerable physical strength and the ability to handle all sorts of physical labor. Choosing among the candidates for this position, it is most reasonable to pick the welfare recipient. Although he might be not as bright as the rest of the people, he will be able to provide the people in the bunker with the necessary physical help. Although the elderly woman in the list is as worth sympathy as the rest of the people, she can hardly be one of the survivors. Since these people are trapped in the world completely different from the modern civilization, there are no moral standards which can be applied to the situation, and it is only the common sense that must guide the judge. Since the elderly woman can hardly contribute to the development of the colony, she cannot be acce
After birth, human beings undergo various stages that characterise development from one stage of life to another. Such developmental stages herald a myriad of changes in various faculties of human existence (Lohman & Lakin, 2009). A person experiences changes in emotional, physical, and cognitive spheres of development. Such developments present changes that affect physical and behavioural spheres of human existence. The chronology of such changes manifests through various stages of development. Failure to achieve consistency in such development presents challenges that undermine developmental regime of a person (Lohman & Lakin, 2009). This research undertaking seeks to underscore cognitive development of children between the ages of eleven and twelve years. Through this essay, we shall examine relevant character traits that manifest during this age bracket with regard to cognitive development. This essay shall also examine manifest traits that are consistent with children in the above age bracket. Cognitive development of eleven and twelve-year-old children manifest in different ways. This developmental stage marks a defining moment for children in terms of how they view and understand the world around them. At the age of eleven, children develop and foster an increase in attention and concentration (Lohman & Lakin, 2009). They are more attentive to detail and strive to decipher the environment around them. This increases their ability to u
Introduction If an organization adopts diversity management, the performance and output are bound to increase. Conversely, if an organization doesn’t pay much heed to managing people from diverse cultures and ethnicities, the results can be drastic and appalling. When it comes to relationships, they are mutual (equal response from both sides). So if employees don’t get proper response and acknowledgement it is quite possible that they too will be indifferent towards their organizations. This particular situation is more relevant in organizations where employees are from different cultures and ethnicities. So if an organization wants to prosper, it should give due importance to the diversity management policies. Literature review Having diversity in an organization is very beneficial. In today’s business environment, where companies are going global, diversity recruitment becomes all the more crucial. Managers have to tackle their diverse subordinates in a very delicate and professional manner. Companies have to do buying and selling throughout the world. It is human tendency to favor people of the same ethnicity and culture. In such a scenario, if organizations have employees from various ethnicities and cultures, it will be easy for them to do their business. Suppose if a British Company has business interests in India and has Indian sales personnel, it will be easy to convince the Indian buyers. Moreover, the Indian sales personnel will ha
England Disaster Analysis table Disasters     Frequency  Killed  Affected  Cost  Advance Warning  Priority Flood         2          3       1         1     3                1        Storm         1          2       2         2     4                2        Extreme heat  3          1       3         4     2                3        Epidemic      4          4       4         3     1                4         Types of Disasters in England A disaster is a sudden occurrence that interferes with the normal functioning of a community causing human, material, and environmental or economic losses that exceed the normal capacity of the community or society to cope with using its own resources, calling for external interventions (Suk et al., 2020). The major types of disasters are natural and human/technological induced disasters. According to the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster data, there are a number of natural disasters affecting England; storms, earthquakes, floods, epidemics, and extreme heat (Keim, 2020). The most vulnerable one is the flood following its adverse effect both in terms of financial implications, casualties, and deaths, and the frequency of its occurrence, making it the most prioritized disaster in England. In the United Kingdom (UK), currently, at least 1 out of 6 homes are at risk of flooding regardless of area or location (Suk et al., 2020). Both the homes located in low-lying areas, near seas and oceans are at high risk of flood due to the change in the climate that tends to alter the weather patterns and make it difficult to predict future conditions. England is prone to major five types of flood disasters, namely River, Coastal, Groundwater, Sewers, and flash floods, with each having a different risk factor. The servility of each type of flooding is largely quantified depending on the levels of damage they cause and the type of recovery measure they would require, as well as the clean-up operations involved (Suk et al., 2020). Coastal flooding in England mostly results from heavy storms or other related extreme weather conditions in conjunction with the high tides. It causes a rise in sea levels above normal, pushing the sea waters into the lands hence coastal flooding in the East coast areas of Hull, Great Yarmouth, and Peterborough. Fluvial/river flooding is the most common type of flooding in England and the UK at large (Suk et al., 2020). It is prompted by the overflow of the rivers
Introduction Currently, there is a need for an Education aimed at sustainable development (meeting current and future societal needs without compromising the environment). As Deiner (2009) notes, education that does not equip people with the ability to mitigate life’s challenges does not have its place in our society. A child is more of a ‘clean slate’; born neutral without knowing whether evil exists. Therefore, childhood education forms the basis of a child’s lifelong learning, emotional, physical, social and intellectual development. For this reason, Fass (2007) elaborates that childhood education is the foundation of persons who engage in sustainable development issues such as resource management among others. As Essa (2010) notes, early childhood education is more than just enrolling children in childhood programmes. This is because a child psychologically, emotionally, ‘professionally’, socially and intellectually learns from the society members such as child caretakers, parents, family members and neighbors. This clearly shows that the society has a take on educating children for sustainable development purpose. Unfortunately, most people barely know this and therefore, it warrants that we look at how the society can educate children in order to enhance sustainable development. A Child’s Psychological/Emotional Education and Development Under Erik Erikson psychosocial theory, a child’s (from birth – 18 months) developmental theme is trust. This is learnt as the child’s needs including sleep, warmth and food are predictably and consistently met. If the needs are not adequately met, a child’s self-trust and ability to trust others is eroded thus perceiving the world as unpredictable, hostile and threatening. Therefore, the society members must collaboratively make sure that children needs are met so that children can develop and learn how to trust their selves and people around them (interact easily with others) as they become mature. Children from 18 months and above start developing cognitive, motor and language abilities. For this reason, a need to balance between being adventurous, competent and relying on their caregivers arises. Children who are given opportunities to try things on their own achieve autonomy, feel good about their capabilities, develop creative initiatives and become industrious as adults. On the other hand, children who are denied opportunities to engage in new activities or are embarrassed by their caretakers upon failure start doubting themselves, become guilty and feel inferior. As Dewey (2010) indicates, the society members need to develop supportive and loving environments that allow children to try new things and comfort, encourage and cuddle children when they are doubtful or ashamed of their incapability. For i
Introduction Psychology is one of the most diverse and interesting fields of study given the numerous developments is has gone through starting in the nineteenth century through the twentieth century and persisted in the twenty first century, now commonly known as modern-day psychology. Of all these developments, Edward Tolman, B.F. Skinner, and John Watson made important contributions to psychology and their different perspectives have found their way into modern-day psychology. They all studied psychology from the behaviorism perspective and even though they differed on one aspect or the other, their perspectives are rooted on behaviorism. Watson was the father of behaviorism by introducing his perspective; popularly known as, classical behaviorism. Skinner borrowed heavily from Watson but made some alterations here and there as each sought to establish his school of thought. Tolman holds a different view of behaviorism from that of Watson and Skinner. Deviating from the other schools of thought, behaviorists hold that, “all things which organisms do- including acting, thinking and feeling- can and should be regarded as behaviors” (Mclntyre, 2003). Due to the modification, they made on Watson’s initial behaviorist observations, Tolman, and Skinner form crucial part of neo-behaviorists as exposited in this paper as it compares and contrasts perspectives of these three great psychologists. John Watson As aforementioned, Watson was the father of behaviorism. Watson maintained that behavior resulted from motivation; that is, organisms had to be elicited to behave in a given way in response to the elicitation. In his bid to introduce and foster more objective science psychology, Watson claimed that emotions were not intrinsic, people did not just experience emotions; no, emotions were a response to provocation, later defined as stimulus. His experiments majored on proving behind every behavior, there was a stimulus. The Little Albert experiment was one of Watson’s experiments to prove his claims. Albert, a son to a laboratory worker would accompany his mother to a laboratory where he would play with reared rats for fun. In Watson’s view, the rats were stimulus to Albert’s playful behavior. Watson observed development of new behavior. The scary sound of hammer falling on a metal bar accompanied the presentation of rats to Albert to elicit his playful behavior. After seven consecutive presentations, Albert would cry every minute he saw the rats even after withdrawal of the scary sound (Watson & Rayner, 1920). This showed that emotions and behaviors were a product of a stimulus and as Mclntyre (2003) notes, “This fear response ‘generalized’ to a new stimuli: Albert also showed fear (CR) when things (CS) similar to the fuzzy lab rat were presented (e.g., men with beards, dogs, fur coats, Santa Claus masks)”. This was Watson’s approach to behaviorism; behavior was a product of motivation. As aforementioned, his work was referred as classical conditioning and it plays a large part in
Apple Inc.: Organization Description Products Apple Inc. was founded in 1977. The company specializes in the production and marketing of digital and mobile communication devices. Some of the most well-known products of Apple are iPad, iPhone, Apple TV, Mac, iPod, iCloud, operational systems such as iOS, Mac or OS X, and a wide range of mobile applications and software ( Apple Inc (AAPL.O) 2015). In addition, the company manufactures and offers a variety of accessories and services supporting their core products. The main features of all the Apple products are their portability and accessibility. All the Apple digital devices are able to synchronize with one another and provide the users with an effortless experience as to a multitude of combined purposes such as web browsing, listening to music, communication through mobile networks and the internet, entertainment, and review of video files, to name a few ( Apple Inc (AAPL.O) 2015). Customers Apple targets several different groups of customers. Apple products are rather easy to operate, and this makes them suitable for the advanced users of digital devices and those who only use their basic functions. As a result, Apple devices and software are purchased and employed by the individuals of many age groups. Besides, Apple manufactures a wide range of applications and software to satisfy the needs of those who use the devices professionally and those who buy them for everyday use and entertainment purposes. The largest segment of the company’s customers is represented by the Millennials. These are the individuals aged 15 to 35 who are known for their heavy reliance on the computers in their personal and professional lives. Approaches to Customer Relationship Marketing The two segments that impact Apple Inc. and its relations with the stakeholders the most are the sociocultural segment and economic segment. In an economic segment, the asset rank of the personal computer turns the struggle for market interest to be more severe and excessive. The entire computing commerce has been entering the period when nothing but the determined and tenacious continues to live. However, the wide popularity of the personal minicomputer with the probable income is an attraction to those competitors with the statistic of personal computers in use growing from five million in the 1980s to sixty-five million in the 1990s. In the socio-cultural segment, the personal computers have entered the digital era and are widely used in various fields such as science, healthcare, and education. However, Apple’s pre-eminence in the retail has been outdistanced to Dell through the whole of the 1990s
Starbucks is a leading coffee retailer operating on the global scale. Starbucks is a market leader specialized in coffee, beverages and whole milk products. Its brand image and unique image is based on services and products providers to diverse customer groups. Yet successful marketing requires bridging the gap between expectations and demands of customers. It could even be said that successful marketing is the bridging of this gap (Drejer, 2002). To market successfully, Starbucks must transcend its own internal point of view to understand what the product means, and could mean, to consumers who have their own points of view. Only a product that is meaningful from their point of view will seem relevant to consumers, will seem different from other products, will seem to be reasonably priced. Thus, the goal of understanding consumers is fundamental. Understanding consumers is not just using “marketing research” as an information source, nor is it just performing a staff activity. It is a vital, and may well be the vital, resource factor for marketing. the case study suggests hat the term service could cover service industries, as well as in the colloquial use of the term, which reflects the quality of the interactions between customers and an organization’s frontline service personnel—the so-called “moments of truth.” A wide net is also cast to include many industries: those that might be said to be the “purer” service sectors (e.g., hotels, lawyers, investments counselors), as well as those “mixed” industries in which the core transaction may be the purchase of a good in conjunction with a large service component (e.g., retail outlets, restaurants, automobile dealerships, realtors or mortgage brokers). For Starbucks, service means customer satisfaction and ‘intimacy’. “”Our goal is to create an uplifting experience every time you walk through our door/’ explained Jim Alling, Starbucks’ senior vice president of North American retail. “Our most loyal customers visit us as often as 18 times a month, so it could be something as simple as recognizing you and knowing your drink or customizing your drink just the way you like it” (Moon and Quelch 2006, p. 3). The service encounter is often described as an interactive performance: A corporate service provider produces an experiential process in which the consumer and frontline service personnel engage in a communicative exchange through which each party obtains from the other some essence of value (Drejer, 2002). The Starbucks’ customer exits the exchange having been processed in some manner that may be tangibly detectable (e.g., having one’s hair cut) or not (e.g., having one’s taxes figured). The performance element of services has been elaborated in a drama metaphor (e.g., the frontline service providers considered as cast members, the customers as audience, the physical environment as scenery and props). The term is used to pose que
Introduction Solyndra, a California based solar panel manufacturer, was a very promising company that manufactured unique tubular solar panels. No one could foretell that Solyndra would collapse, as its solar panels were cheaper and more efficient than those of other companies were. The company had invented exceptional solar panels that customers could use without necessarily locating the panel’s faces towards sunlight (Paradiso, 2012). In 2009, the company had been in operation for about four years, and the United States Energy Department granted it with a loan of $535 million. This was because the Energy Department felt obligated to facilitate projects that helped in saving energy and limiting air pollution. From a critical point of view, the money loaned was significantly huge, and it was very depressing because the lending turned out to be an enormous mistake. The company that appeared to be very promising due to its excellent prospects and innovative technologies collapsed in two years after receiving the loan. This paper will give a detailed description of all the legal and ethical issues associated with the Solyndra saga. Legal and ethical issues related to the collapse of Solyndra It is noteworthy that technologists are always trying to find new ways of making things better and efficient. Great economists may attribute Solyndra’s failure to the developed and enhanced technology. Indeed, the project aimed at providing low cost fuel that could have minimal harms to the environment (David, 2008). Its excellent prospects lured the Energy Department into offering the company with an enormous loan. However, with time, the price of natural gas reduced drastically, and the demand of Solyndra’s solar panels reduced significantly. Moreover, other sources of cheap electricity emerged, and there was increased competition. Solyndra experienced reduced sales, which translated into millions of losses; within no time, Solyndra Solar Company was bankrupt, and it closed down its operations. Ethical issues After the collapse of the company, critics arose on how the company had qualified for such an enormous loan. Indeed, the government had made a serious mistake of mismanaging the taxpayers’ monies, as the entire loaning procedures violated various laws. Firstly, the government should have addressed the bankruptcy issue sanely instead of letting the matter to get out of control. When Solyndra filed for bankruptcy, the United States Department of Justice should have found out whether the management of the company was reliable for its failures. Moreover, it would be useful to find out the reason as to why the prosperous company could not manage to survive in the competitive business world even after evading taxes. In spite of its doubtful financial status, the company was able to secure such a large loan due to political matters. After various inquiries, the investigators found out that George Kaiser was behind all the ill incidences, and several ethical issues arose with regard to the enormous loan that was given to Solyndra. George Kaiser, who was an influential shareholder of the company, financed Ob