ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Calligraphy refers to the art of writing letters beautifully. This type of art dates back many years ago but has evolved over the years so that modern calligraphy is even more attractive. In today’s world, calligraphy is mainly used in events like weddings, anniversaries and other entertainment events. Calligraphic writing is always striking and more conspicuous because it is different from other kinds of writing. Calligraphy is of different types and one types of calligraphy that seems to have gained popularity over time is Chinese calligraphy. Unlike other types of calligraphy, the Chinese calligraphy is more of painting where characters are used as a tool of communication and to express what the artists’ spiritual world is like. This discussion looks at what Chinese calligraphy is all about and how different it is from other types of writings. Understanding Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy writing as already mentioned is a form of communication where an artist is able to express their feelings, cultures, integrity, emotions and character. This is done so artistically well that it appeals to the readers in terms of emotions and beauty. While others types of calligraphy are taught in schools as general art, Chinese calligraphy is classified as branch on its own which a student in school may opt to specialise in (Portal 2004, p. 99). When one is learning Chinese calligraphy, there is so much content to learn including how different styles of writing have evolved over time, how calligraphy came about, the renowned calligraphers and examining greatly what makes calligraphy part of art. In the culture of
One of the most peculiar characteristics of today’s living is the fact that, as time goes on; there appears to be more and more incidents of American military being called upon to assist people, affected by natural/man-made disasters in U.S. and abroad. The validity of this suggestion can be well illustrated in regards to the crucial role that military personnel played, while participating in search-and-rescue operations in the aftermath of hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and in regards to how American soldiers went about helping civilians in world’s regions that used to be affected by civil war, such as Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo. And, as practice indicates, the foremost characteristic of U.S. military’s involvement in humanitarian disasters’ management has always been the utter efficiency in how it addressed its tasks, in this respect. For example, as it appears from Haulman’s (2007) article, FEMA’s cooperation with U.S. Air Force, while rescuing the survived victims of hurricane Katrina, had proven quite indispensible: “Between August 31 and September 10, USAF helicopter crews rescued 4,322 people… “(p. 43). At the same time, however, the very fact that U.S. military appears to play ever-increasing role in natural/man-made disasters’ mitigation, raises certain concerns – after all, the primary function of just about any country’s army has always been bringing death and destruction upon the enemy. And, it is needless to mention, of course, that such function is being quite inconsistent with conceptual essence of humanitarian missions, associated with providing disaster-affected people with much needed relief. In this paper, we will aim to reach the following objectives: to show that U.S. military’s continuous involvement in managing humanitarian crises has been dialectically predetermined and to outline what can be considered pros and cons of such an involvement. As we are being well aware of, the policy of multiculturalism has been institutionalized in America for close to forty years now. However, despite the official assumption that this policy is being utterly beneficial to society’s well-being, as it helps to diversify it, there are a number of negative aspects to the process of American society continuing to grow increasingly diversified. The most important of them is the fact that the multiculturalization of American society does in fact result in undermining its inner integrity to a co
Introduction The global banking regulatory environment is changing and global financial institutions are forced to change in line with these changes in their operations. Each country has come up with banking regulatory policies meant to protect local and regional policies and these policies are increasingly getting influenced by the emerging global trends in international banking and finance. The fall or large global financial institutions such as Lehman Brothers has forced governments around the world to come up with new policies that can effectively protect investors, depositors, the government, and other entities that rely on these financial institutions. The following are some of the policies and regulations likely to affect the future of global banks. Capital Planning and Stress Testing This new global trend is likely going to redefine the future of global banking. In North America, the United States has developed a policy where large financial institutions are evaluated to determine if they have sufficient capital that can enable them to continue operations even during a period of financial and economic stress (Valdez 55). This regulation is meant to ensure that these institutions can be relied upon to promote sustainability at times when the country or the region is going through distress. The policy may require these financial institutions to enlarge their financial base. Financial Technology (Fintech) The concept of financial technology emerged in Europe and it spread very quickly to North America and it is now becoming a global issue. As firms adopt fintech, it becomes necessary for the regulatory authorities to come up with policies that would define how firms are to operate in this new platform (Lin 67). In Hong Kong, it is the responsibility of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) to ensure that such operations, which are becoming increasingly relevant in the global market, are in line with the fundamental laws and regulations in the field of banking and finance within this territory. Cyber Risks Cyber threat has to become a major issue among financial institutions not only in Hong Kong but also in other countries across the world. Banks all over the world are losing billions to cybercriminals. It is the responsibility of every financial institution to come up with measures to protect themselves from this threat. However, it is also necessary for HKMA to come up with regulatory policies to help fight the vice. There are laws and regulations in place meant to ensure that cyberattacks planned and executed through inside jobs can be properly investigated and culprits just
Innovate or evaporate. This is the modern business imperative that has summed up the current competitive trends being experienced in the business world. As Marchal established, in addition to securing the time to market, improve quality and cost, manufacturers are now forced to focus on innovation (1). Innovation was universally defined by most scholars as the design that takes markets by storm. These designs are accompanied with leading-age development processes which transform conceptual ideas into reliable, saleable and cost-effective products (Stahl 128). Nonetheless, while referring to design as a business strategy, Karie postulated that many questions arose in (say scientific communities) as a result of the use of business terms such as “national competitiveness,” “strategic areas,” “priorities,” and “new paradigms”. This was the case simply because these terms had gained great use in scientific statements and as such donors had no option but to rely on them to determine the viability of the projects for funding. In the end of the selection process, the author asserts that only projects that were geared towards enhancing innovation (which in this essay paper I specifically refer to as design) made it the final list for funding. To help achieve the ever-changing user needs in the current competitive environment, Stahl asserted that the advancements in technology have been at the forefront of assisting designers to accomplish innovation. To support this, I state that if I asked the following question to informants, “can you narrate to me the experiences of technology in your homes or your personal lives?” then I am likely to get abundant responses some of which I document them in the succeeding paragraph: Before the coming of the remote controls, we needed to get up to change the TV stations. Before the invention of the cell phones, we were only accessible at homes or at workplaces with the use of landline. Before the ATM, we had to physically approach tellers to withdraw money. Before the coming of the internet (www), we neither were unable to access up-to-date information nor communicate to remote friends. The above statements point to a single fact. This is that advancements in technologies have helped designers to develop hi-tech devices that target to improve people’s lifestyles. Personal computing, business management application programmes and many more personal devices have as a result made substantial inroads in almost all world societies (Deutsch 4). Goggin justified the above notion when he documented that there were nearly 1 billion personal computers and over 3 billion phone subscribers as of the year 2007 (525). In this study, I make a follow-up on the findings above by I arguing that a number of insights into technology have provided valuable assistance to many professionals in their efforts to enhance innovation and improve lifestyles. Since technology is a broad subject area with its scope varying greatly based on the assigned context, the author points out that this essay paper will narrow down to the usefulness of the topic to the professional designers. The following is the analysis and argumentation in support of
Introduction The purpose of this research paper is to determine whether juveniles who stay in boot camps for an extended period will practice recidivism. Juvenile boot camps are described as prison programs that incorporate military training to reduce recidivism among juveniles who have committed wrongful acts (Meade & Steiner, 2010). These activities involve a lot of vigorous physical work, such as drills, manual labor, and challenging exercises. Boot camps are usually governed by strict rules that the juvenile delinquents are required to follow to avoid severe punishments that are meted on those who break the rules. These boot camps are usually operated by the state or federal governments, and they are run by correctional officers who act as drill instructors (Tyler et al., 2001). After the Office of Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention started juvenile boot camp programs in 1992, these camps have continued to proliferate in the United States to deal with the growing numbers of juveniles who are caught up in violent crimes (Ashcroft et al., 2003). The boot camp programs differ in numerous aspects such as how old the juveniles in the boot camps are and their backgrounds, how strictly the program will follow the military model, the capacity of the boot camp, and how many juveniles it can accommodate at a particular time, the cost of accommodating each juvenile, the rates of recidivism in the boot camps and the type of aftercare that is provided to the juveniles in the boot camp (Anderson et al., 2000). Research that has been conducted on juvenile boot camps is limited, and there exists insufficient data on the subject to make any definite judgments or arguments. This is mostly attributed to the fact that boot camp programs are relatively new concepts because they were started in 1992. The limited studies that have been conducted on the topic have shown that there is no general consensus on whether juvenile boot camps reduce the rates of recidivism. The underlying concept behind establishing these programs was to reduce overcrowding in prisons and provide rehabilitation centers for young adults who had been caught on the wrong side of the law. Boot camps were also started to reduce the rising costs by the correctional systems and also reduce the increasing rates of recidivism amongst juveniles (Parent, 2003). Literature Review The correctional system in the United States came up with juvenile boot camps’ concept to deal with the rising cases of juvenile arrests. Boot camps were viewed as shock incarceration techniques that have been in use since 1983 (Klein, 2010). Most of the research conducted on the subject of boot camps have been based on adult camps and how these camps affect recidivism rates. There is, however, limited data on boot camps for juvenile delinquents and whether these camps affect the rates of recidivism amongst juvenile offenders (Ashcroft et al., 20
Introduction Every enterprise or organization yearns for high employee performance. Several studies and models have been advanced to try and find out the best work structure that can yield high productivity by a company. Several organizations try several sets of work plans to achieve productivity. Some have taken the path of rotational duties while others have taken the routine path. All in all, both have their merits and demerits (Hakim, 2000). The question, therefore, remains on which is the best work schedule for achieving employee motivation. There are several work schedules employed y various organizations throughout the world, but no one has ever come up with the best suited for enhanced employee productivity. Some scholars do claim that routine work does lead to bored employees as it is monotonous. Those who support routine work aver that it leads to specialization. This is why this study aims at finding out which work schedule helps employee performance. It is important that every organization ensures that its employees are productive; therefore, one will want to consider whether routine jobs affect productivity. Wright & Boswell, 2002) in their study identify factors behind the effectiveness of employees. According to Storey (1992), in his study of the creative oriented jobs and routine-oriented workers, asserts that the former were more productive as the later were being laid off. Studies have shown that routine does not allow creativity, by all means, kills dynamism and makes employees go into slumber. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate whether highly motivated employees do routine work. Concerning the above problem, the study was guided by the following objectives:   * To find out whether routine jobs promote creativity   * To determine whether routines make employees more productive. The hypotheses to be tested in this study are:   * Routine jobs do not encourage change.   * Routine jobs make employees productive. Research methodology Primary as well as secondary data will be collected from employees of three companies through purposive sampling. This will mean those particular companies, as well as segments of workers, will be the ones used in the research. This is because it will be useless to sample people who are not employees of a given organization as this may lead to unreliable findings (Peters & Waterman 1982). Further, it is not possible to sample an entire population as this may prove unmanageable largely impractical due to challenges such as budget constraints, time and other logistical challenges. The research will majorly be exploratory. According to Robson (2002:59), this type of research seeks to find new insights as wel
In A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812, famous historian Laurel Thatcher Ulrich discusses the life experience of an American midwife, Martha Ballard. Martha Ballard is a real historical character whose life years are 1734 to 1812. In Ulrich’s opus, the audience may find a coherent and cohesive description of the lifestyle common in New England at the end of the XVIII century. Besides, the author pays special attention to the distinction between the roles of men and women in the American society of those days. Overall, evaluating the stories that can be found in Ulrich’s book, a conclusion can be made that during Ballard’s life period, women traditionally had the role of housewives and hearthside keepers whereas men were privileged to engage in all the other areas of human life including having interesting and rewarding jobs, participating in political affairs, and acquiring education in such important fields as law, medicine, finance, etc. Addressing women’s role in the society of New England, as it is described by Ulrich, it should be stated that it is traditionally connected to housekeeping and caring about children. We read that women ‘deliver children’, ‘provide meals’, and ‘visit morning sermons’ (Ulrich 14, 25, 34). Looking through the accounts of Ballard’s visits to the homes of American families of that period, it is possible to see that women fulfill all the work around the house, nurse children, and are obliged to solve family problems related to food supply and keeping household in good order. Thus, women’s role is mainly seen as managing the house. With regards to the role of women in society, Ulrich mentions that it is not significant. However, some ‘rays of light in this kingdom of darkness begin to be seen as there appear some women who may occupy better working positions such as positions in health service and social care, and they may begin their own minor businesses. Speaking about the role of men as it is described by Ulrich, it should be stated that men in general estrange themselves from any affairs related to their home and children care. Instead of spending their time at home, men have a better idea of what to do. We read: That Martha enjoyed the very sermons Henry found objectionable had as much to do with temperament as with theology. There were self-conscious liberals in her family; her brother, Collins Moore, would be involved in the establishment of a Universalist society in Oxford in 1791, and certainly Jonathan Moore’s dismissal from his pulpit would have something to do with his arguments with ardent Calvinists in Rochester (Ulrich 107). This quotation shows that men concentrate their interests around social affairs such as religion and politics. In addition, men enjoy their higher status in the area of law enforcement as can be seen from the case of Rebecca Foster (Ulrich
Introduction My goal is to become an Investment Analyst with or a Brand Manager. The choice for these careers is dependent on my personality, motivation, skills, values, constraints, ambitions, and opportunities. Therefore, aspects like compensation, job satisfaction, job duties and activities, typical working hours, advancement and lifestyle are considered. In this document, I include my plan for the two careers and make a comparison of the two with an aim of finding which career best suits me. Plan for the Investment Analysis and Brand Management career The first step towards either my investment analysis or brand management careers is gathering information on both fields on compensation, job satisfaction, job duties and activities, typical working hours, opportunities for advancement and the kind of lifestyle the career would earn me, besides the education and investment on the education needed. At the moment I need to contact at least two of local modern Investment Analysts and Brand Managers to get information and advice on how to get an Investment Analyst or a Brand Manager Title and job. That would necessitate the following:   * Check with Tertiary Education Commission office for information on Investment Analysts and Brand Manager in at least five organizations.   * Contact about five local organizations that can offer employment on each of the two careers.   * Find out and inquire from these employers about the personal attributes, appropriate qualifications or experience, and skills that they expect from Investment Analysts and Brand Managers.   * Summarize the information gathered from these employers as well as the investments analysts and brand manager for advice o
Strategies for Enhancing Curiosity in Mathematics One of strategies for enhancing curiosity in mathematics among students is making use of mathematical manipulatives. Manipulatives are obtained from day-to-day objects used by students. Using this strategy, curiosity is developed through connection of mathematical concepts with sensorimotor understanding coupled with explicit verbal-declarative skills. Another strategy is making students work in groups. The third strategy is to teach all the students together and have one repeat the procedure to the rest. A reward may be given for correct repetition. Lastly, a teacher may use mathematical problems to create games for which every student would like to be part of. In the effort to become champions in a particular game, the students develop curiosity on how to work with numbers. Purpose of the Strategies For successful performance in the games, when using games to create curiosity among children, a child endeavors to learn the rules of the game. Hence, when games are made such that they feature mathematical analogies, children become curious on how they can be able to learn the rules and the processes of determining the winner (Koch, 2010). The purpose of mathematical manipulative strategy is to make children relate practical scenarios with the concepts taught in mathematics. For strategies of group work and having a single student teach the rest about something that has been taught previously, the purpose is to encourage students to become curious by learning from the mistakes made. How a teacher can apply the strategies in classroom settings To use manipulatives to enhance curiosity in mathematics among students, a teacher can collect colored beads, blocks, or even sticks. He or she has to make the learners sample together blocks of the same color followed by requesting them to count each set of the blocks in an effort to get their answer. Based on color differences, students learn that different objects have different mathematical representations. This strategy would make them become curious about other things, for instance, their number in class based on gender. Using gaming strategy to enhance math curiosity, the teacher needs to let the children engage in plays while keeping the record of scores for each session in the form of blocks with one block representing a score. The blocks for different sessions also need to be different in color. When requested to identify the number of scores in all the games, the main problem would be how to count the total number of blocks. Since the winner will be the team having the largest number of blocks, children are able to have curiosity to understand the precedence of numbers through gaming and the process of determining the winner, which entails addition. To induce math curiosity by having students work in groups, a teacher may give students a number of sticks to use in t