ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, it is being often suggested that healthcare should be made accessible to just about anyone, regardless of what happened to be the would-be treated patient’s social status. This suggestion, however, does not hold much water. In this paper, I will explain why. One of the reasons why people need to see doctors periodically, is that the practice in question is assumed to contribute to extending one’s lifespan. If it was not up to this, it would be highly unlikely for an individual to be willing to go as far as taking its clothes off in front of a physician. However, there can be very little rationale for people to try to live longer, unless their lives happened to be enjoyable. The validity of this suggestion can be illustrated, in regards to the fact that, as time goes on, more and more countries allow their terminally ill citizens to apply for euthanasia. Apparently, if one’s existence happened to be full of pain, there can be no reason in trying to extend it. This brings us to answer the question of what is the foremost precondition for one’s life to be enjoyable? This, of course, would be the concerned person’s material riches. After all, it does not require a scientist to realize that, for as long as a particular person happened to be rich, he or she will be in the position to enjoy life to the fullest. What it means is that the idea that poor people should be entitled to healthcare does not make any logical sense – these people’s lives are miserable, by definition, and there is nothing doctors can do to help the situation. Another reason why only rich people deserve healthcare, has to do with geopolitics. The line of argumentation, behind this suggestion, is as follows: The idea that, regardless of how much money they happened to have in the bank, people may enjoy equal access to healthcare is clearly Socialist and potentially Communist (Russo 735). This simply could not be otherwise – people’s universal access to healthcare can only be ensured in the society, where the rich are being forced to share their riches with the rest of this society’s members. It is understood, of course, that this idea is being deeply inconsistent with the American way of life. After all, it is specifically the U.S. citizens’ endowment with the strongly defined
Coronavirus disease, commonly known as COVID-19, was first reported in December 2019 by medics in China. In three months, most Asian and European countries had reported thousands of confirmed cases, as well as deaths. Following the expeditious spread of the virus, many countries declared a lockdown or movement restrictions as the first course of action in combating the disease (Aguilera, 2020). The United States of America made a declaration that they would not allow certain foreigners who present a risk of spreading the virus into their borders. Over time, an increase in the number of Coronavirus cases globally has generated multiple perceptions of the disease among people. Culture, way of life, common values, and beliefs, whether shared or learned, affects people’s behavioral and social practices (Martin & Nakayama, 2018). For instance, Asians are facing social discrimination, prejudice, and increased racial stereotyping because the first case of Coronavirus disease was reported on their continent. A great percentage of the world’s population perceives and relates this disease with the people of Asian origin. This has led to most people dissociating themselves from individuals who might be from Asia, especially if their descent is China for fear of contracting the disease. Chinese and members of the family who have had one of them tested positive for COVID-19 have taken to social media platforms to publicly share messages of stigmatization and negative stereotypes (Aguilera, 2020). The level of discrimination is extreme to the extent that people are publicly avoiding interaction with nation-specific or ethnic-particular groups to avoid contracting the virus. Connor, a ten-year-old boy of Chinese origin was playing with his friend in their school in Georgetown during recess. A group of boys later approached them and expressed interest in playing along. As the game continued, the young boys started behaving queerly towards Connor and his Chinese friend. At first, Connor continued playing unoffended but later became upset because of the stereotype and ill-treatment. Nadia, Connor’s mother explained that she thought the young boys acted out of fear and not spite. Arguably, the boys, though acting out of fear, were xenophobic towards Connor and his friend based on their Asian roots (Aguilera, 2020). While the young boys among many others may express remorse for such behavior, acts like these are a result of stereotyping. Helping Others Understand that Stereotypes are Harmful Over the years, arising pandemics have been characterized by racial discrimination, social stigmatization, blame games, and stereotyping. While COVID-19 and its related stereotypes may be regarded as clichés with no relevant meaning in society, their effects may be detrimental to the community that may overlook them. For instance, the negative use of social media p
The world depends mainly on motor vehicle mode of transportation since it maintains the economy and has a profound influence on our culture (Wetmore, 2003). Nevertheless, each and every day, the pedestrians like you and me, deserve and need to share with the motorists on road safety (Ogden, 1996). Cases of childhood pedestrian injuries have been an issue that needs to be looked into since the children are the ones who will make the generation to come (Quinn, 2004). The purpose of this study is to look for ways that can help reduce childhood pedestrian injuries. It also shows the data analysis on the issue and also addresses the significance of the study. The right of walking safely is, above all, a fundamental issue to the young children in society; yet each year, there are more than 700 children die as a result of injuries obtained while walking along the streets with the majority of cases about 500 being caused by traffic (Evans, 1991). Nevertheless, for more than a decade now, there has been a decline in the fatality rate due to improvements in emergency and pre-hospital emergency medical care (Smiley, 2000). The decline can also be attributed to a reduction of walking as a way of transportation (Mercy, 2012). Advocates, together with the government, have been working on ways of reducing childhood pedestrian injuries in the nation (Zeitler, 1997). Experts in public health, school safety, motor vehicle safety, engineers and child development worked on the problem tirelessly with each of them taking a different approach based on their specialty (Parker, 2007). Nevertheless, child pedestrian safety is a complex problem in society making all these approaches limited to providing a solution to the problem within one day (Koornstra, 2002). Once the problem concerning childhood pedestrian safety has been identified as an issue affecting society, implementation solution plans should be incorporated immediately and it will make the streets easily accessible by children and safer for them together with other pedestrians (Goodin, 2002). The following are some of the ways in which childhood pedestrian problems can be reduced: educating all roadway users concerning the responsibilities, rules and rights; upholding physical and walking activity in the entire community; implementing appropriate behaviors among road users and the facilities used on everyday occasion; engineering and designing roadways that can be easily accessible and are safe for pedestrians and lastly formulation of long and short term planning together with policies for the roads (Burrough, 2012). Other ways include: upholding a campaign for safe driving whereby careful driving is promoted for all those who use roads, expanding school busing to minimize the chances of children walking the roads to schools and offering traffic warnings and tickets in areas that are highly populated since they are the once at high risk of childhood pedestrian injuries (Del Valle, 1992). The main significance of this study is to address some of the ways in which childhood pedestrian safety can be reduced in society to minimize the number o
The games between the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox have always been among the most entertaining events during MLB season due to the historic rivalry between two teams. While both teams employ similar incentivization tactics, there are some notable differences in their priorities. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the tactics used by these teams in their promotional campaigns to determine whether they lean towards the use of price-based or non-price-based incentives. Red Sox and New York Yankees offer special discounts and passes for different social groups. Red Sox offer cheap tickets for students, and Yankees fans can purchase a student pass, which allows members to receive special offers and discounts as well. Compared to Red Sox, Yankees offer more price-based incentives, such as discounted tickets for Military and First Responders and Ballpark pass. They also offer giveaways at special events such as Healthcare and First Responders nights. Boyd and Krehbiel (2006) note that correctly determining the current trends is extremely important for the success of giveaway campaigns, and marketers at Yankees certainly follow this advice. Both teams actively use official websites and social media to communicate with consumers. Involvement with special causes is one notable example of a non-price-based incentivization tactic used by both teams. According to Twitter accounts of Yankees and Red Sox, they send presents to children in underserved communities and children victims of commercial sexual exploitation, respectively. Irwin et al. (2008) note that cause-related marketing is an effective promotional tool. Red Sox also use Twitter for more direct communication with fans, making short custom videos for them upon request as a part of their #GiftOfSox promotional campaign. Green (2016) states that such forms of engagement help increase consumer trust and the team’s market image. Overall, the incentivization tactics of Yankees and Red Sox are fairly balanced, with the former offering more price-based incentives compared to their competitors.
At the given moment, Walmart is considered to be the world’s largest chain-store retailer. This company runs large warehouse and discount department stores. It sells a great variety of goods, such as grocery, furniture, apparel, toys, and video games, pharmacy etc (Walmart, 2010, unpaged). To a great extent, this variety has been one of the keys to their success. The mission, set by this corporation is to “save people money to help them live better” (Walmart, 2010, unpaged). In turn, the vision of this company is to be the worlds leading retailer that serves customers throughout the world. The market strategies of Walmart are focused on price differentiation, at least this is how the company positions itself. On the whole, Walmart targets customers, who are quite sensitive about the goods of products (Barbard, 2007). Some of these people cannot afford to switch to a different supplier. The information about the company’s financial and organizational performance is available on the Internet. In particular, one should speak about annual financial reports. They indicate that the company has increased its operating income by 5.1 % in 2010 (Walmart, 2010b, p 18). However, one should take into consideration that their operating expenses which were related to restructuring of the US operations and higher health benefit costs (Walmart, 2010b, p 18). Objective                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Measure                                                                                                                                                                                                               Target                                                                                                                                                                                                     Action                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1)To reduce operational expenses of the company by 3 percent at the end of 2013 fiscal year.                                                                                                                                                      In thi
Introduction The Euro Crisis has become one of the most challenging economic problems today. With the world having witnessed major financial Crises in the 1930s and 2008, there is no doubt that the current crisis in the Eurozone has a network of intertwined causes and possible effects if current efforts to manage it are not successful. This essay analyses the interconnectivity of the crisis and current efforts being undertaken by global leaders to deal with the situation. To achieve this objective, articles from The New York Times Newspaper have been consulted for the purpose of having credible information about the issue. The Euro Crisis One major fact about the financial system of the world is its interconnectivity. This implies that a problem arising from a particular region of the world easily spreads to affect other parts of the world. This could be through a number of ways, including but not limited to contagion, collapsing economic activities, and contracted credit. According to Marsh, an editor of the New York Times Newspaper , “European Union leaders are meeting this week to at last deal with the debt crisis rattling investors worldwide … (March 1).” These leaders initially perceived lending to Euro countries as the best option in remaining free from the crisis. How then are these issues intertwined globally? Many analysts believe that the current financial crisis began more than ten years ago when European countries unanimously agreed to use the Euro as the main currency of the region (Marsh 1). The implication of this was that all countries, including rich and poor, were allowed to borrow money at equally low rates
Introduction Management styles are methods of leadership for organizing, directing, influencing, leading and facilitating organizational performance. They dictate how managers are to make decisions, whether to involve subordinates or whether to disregard them. In addition, each style has its unique features that dictate how employees and managers are to relate and communicates. On the other hand, Management theories are the set of rules or guidelines that seek to help and direct managers in developing effective ways of managing an organization (Miles 2012). Such theories act by assisting employees in ensuring that they develop an effective relationship with the goals of the business and implement some effective ways of achieving these goals. Management theories include Fayol’s theory of management, Taylor’s scientific theory, Max Weber’s theory and Maslow’s hierarchical theory of human needs. Each has its unique features. Fayol’s theory emphasises on division of labour/work as a way of reducing the span of human efforts (Cole 2011). Taylor’s theory (Taylorism) involves breaking down of the key components of manufacturing tasks and timing each movement in order to determine the best way of performing each of the tasks (Jide 2011). Weber’s theory emphasizes on bureaucratic leadership models. Bureaucracy in this theory implies to the organizational form applied in an individual institution it applies to a number of dominant facets of the organization, including hierarchy of authority (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin & Cardy 2009). According to Weber’s theory, authority must be differentiated from power because power is a unilateral object while authority is the employees’ acceptance of managerial rules. Maslow’s theory assumes that people work hard to satisfy basic needs and th
Introduction: McGregor and His Theories Enhancing the employees’ performance is a challenging task. The theories that McGregor (Hess, 2012) came up with can be deemed as rather promising, yet there is a huge gap between them in terms of the tools applied and the general concept deployed. Although Theory X has been used in the criminology department for quite a long, it needs to be mixed with Theory Y so that the staff members could be enthusiastic about their job and excel in it. Theory X and Theory Y: Comparison Although both theories are aimed at improving motivation rates among the staff members, there are a plethora of details that set the two frameworks apart. Similarities: Goals to Be Attained Both theories are aimed at improving the rates of enthusiasm among the staff member and addressing the factors that inhibit the increase in the latter’s productivity (Jex & Britt, 2014). A detailed analysis of the workplace environment and the tools for assessing the current state of entrepreneurship are the two primary characteristics that the approaches under analysis share. Differences: Motivation Tools There are, however, a plethora of features that set the above approaches apart. First and most obvious, the premises for each strategy need to be mentioned. By definition, Theory X suggests that the staff members do not like their job, whereas Theory Y does not. The above detail defines the tools suggested by both approaches to address the motivation issues. Seeing that Theory X does not presume that the staff members may enjoy their job, its methods of control are considerably tougher than those of Theory Y. Particularly, Theory X promotes the idea of using both positive and negative reinforcement approaches. In other words, it implies the development of a punishment system along with the reward one. Theory Y, on the other hand, suggests that the managers should include as many tools for positive reinforcement as possible including not only financial incentives but also public appraisals (Heldman, 2015). Finally, Theory Y is based on a participatory approach, inviting all employees to contribute to the management process. Theory X, on the other hand, is a specimen of authoritative leadership, where little initiative is possible. McGregor’s Theories in Criminology and Beyond An overview of the cr
Introduction To investigate with the nature and practice of human resource management in an organisation, this paper has organised with the HRM strategy of the Emirates NBD Bank PJSC as the author of this paper has a saving account in this financial institution and a lot of friends and family members are working there. Background of the Company The Emirates NBD was organised as the most dominant in the GCC region in 2007 by merging two leading banks of UAE named Emirates Bank International (EBI) and National Bank of Dubai (NBD) and turned into the banking champion with around 141 branches and 740 ATMs and conducting retail and wholesale banking with dynamic financial performance. As a socially responsible financial institution in the UAE, Emirates NBD is serving the local communities with charity, education, and environment by upholding the cultural heritage of UAE through its 8,000 employees originated from 50 different countries, as a result the company evidenced turned into the biggest and most culturally diversified organisation in this region UAE. The mission of the company has aimed to deliver value-added management solutions that would finally create exceptional value for its customers, employees, and shareholders while the vision of the company is to turn into the marvellous Service provider in the financial industry along with the property market (Emirates NBD 2013). Emirates NBD’s HRM Activities to Managing its Staff The Gulf News (2012) and the Reuters (2012) reported that the largest bank of UAE Emirates NBD would conduct fire 15% of its employees; the board of management has confirmed this job cutting with the intention to attain a huge cost saving and the employees have already noticed to move the organisation. During the merger of EBI and NBD in 2007, the employees have evidenced huge redundant due to both the hard and soft approach, but five years later in the post-merger era such decision generated fear, uncertainty and instability to the workplace environment and the threatening workforce engaged to demonstrate their highest performance to rescue themselves from this pressure. The Oracle (2013) explored that the bank has decided to integrate Oracle technology to reduce HR cost by integrating different software solution and it has already adopted ‘Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12’ that assist the company an automated process for workforce planning, recruitment, training, payroll, performance measurement and more than an HR team performs. At the same time, the integration of new technology is a positive attribute of an organisation, but cost-saving through employees’ layoff is a syndrome inherited from the merger process, therefore, it is essential to investigate the theoretica
Introduction Different schools of thoughts have come up with a different of theoretical perspectives to explain different phenomenon’s in human life. In the book “Sociology in Global Perspective ”, the writer has suggested five theoretical approaches to define human social situations however, according to my observation of different scenarios in human life, structural functionalism approach stand to be more relevant than other theories. This paper discusses the applicability of structural functionalism approach in social life understanding. Structural Functionalism According to the theory, the society is taken as a living organism, with different organs, which are mandated to perform different duties for the general welfare of the community. Failure to an organ results to a deficit in the entire system. Human beings are social animals, however no one person has similar personally to another, the expectation of an individual form another should be harmonised looking at different interest. To maintain social cohesion and harmony, every individual must understand his duty and undertake them effectively. Sometimes the duties may be painful to undertake but since the society as a system wants them done, an individual is left with no defence than perform the duty. For example, it is the role of parents to take care of their children and the children should respect the parents. These are roles defined by the community and its existence maintains social harmony (Babbie 12-34). The society is formed by its people and institutions developed to manage different aspects of life. The performance of these institutions can only be in harmony and undertake their duties effectively if they operate like an organ of the entire system. For example, the education system should enlighten people on appropriate