ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Typical Business Plan Models A business plan model explains how a company or an organization would like to make money. A business model answers the questions of how much will be paid, and by whom, and for what. In case the company’s model is a little bit complicated, the business plan explains the same using realistic terms. There are different types of business plan models including the small plans, feasibility plans, lean plans, and standard plans. Compared to a formal standard business plan the lean plan is efficient, easier, and fast. The simplicity of the lean business plan depends on the fact that its outline does not include details that require the direct knowledge of employees or partners. The lean business plan also includes milestones, deadlines, and budget reviews hence, the managing team is greatly informed about the activities that take place (Mullins & Komisar, 2009). A lean business plan is a sketch of activities that can be used by all companies this is because they manage tactics, strategies, dates, deadlines, cash flow, and activities of the organization. The lean business plan has four critical elements that are entailed in it and they help in business management. These elements include the strategies that have been set and they act as reminders for both managers and corporate leaders when it comes to the long-term and the short-term goals. Lean plans are also used to execute the strategies, which might involve marketing decisions in their relation to final goals (Cross & Richey, 2008). Unlike in the lean plan, an executive summary of the business plan is required to give a clue about the nature of the activities in a standard business plan. Currently, standard business plans are short and they aim to outline the requirements of the planned event. A Standard business plan mainly deals with the financial issues that include the cash flow, the profits and losses, and balance sheets (Fortune & White, 2006). The important part of the plan is the projected cash flow. Projected cash flow is critical since it helps in paying off bills since a business can survive without profits. Short business plans are one-page outlines that give an overview of the planned activities and their relevance (Cohen, 1995). They summarize the target market, milestones, and the projected sales on a single page. The feasibility plan is only projected and submitted to the people willing to pay some money for it to be effective. A feasibility business plan is the same as the start-up plan. This business plan mainly focuses on the product and its possibility of succeeding once it is introduced in the market. The feasibility plan focuses on whether it will be a ready market or not. A lean and standard business plan can serve the same purpose except for the fa
Introduction Scholars in support of human rights theory tend to agree with economic theorists on various issues even though a number of differences exist. For theorists attached to human rights, they often employ a number of philosophical and sociological conceptions, such as normative and deontological perspectives whereas economic theorists are inclined to aspects of science, such as positivism and behaviorism, which entail consequential theories. However, a closer analysis suggests that the two disciplines share a number of principles meaning they complement each other. For instance, theories associated with human rights are utilized in providing normative frameworks that resolves the shortcomings of welfare theory. Based on this, economics will always employ the human rights frameworks in explaining power relations in societies (Seymour and Pincus 389). Theories allied to the two disciplines play a critical role in explaining development because human rights theories give economists an opportunity to employ legal and political concepts in the process of drafting policies aimed at improving the standards of living. In this article, various differences between human rights theories and economic theories are discussed, including the assumptions of the two disciplines as regards development. Similarly, many authors view the two as being interrelated hence this paper looks at the point of interception between the two. Areas of Overlap between Economics and Human Rights According to Seymour Dan and Pincus Jonathan, the two disciplines, as well as their theories, have a frosty relationship. The first difference lies in the language used in explaining the terms because each one of them has specific vocabularies. In this regard, development as a concept is understood different in the two fields. Unfortunately, the United Nations is one of the international organizations that tend to approve the definition given by human rights theorists. To these theories, as well as the UN agencies, development takes various forms, as it could be in terms of social, political, cultural, and civil rights. Based on this, a society is said to be developing if only it gives room to its peopl
Leonardo DaVinci’s masterpiece, The Mona Lisa, is the most notable and cited painting in history. Many parodies of this work of art portray conceptual ideas (Marsili et al., 2019). One example of the creative parodical pictures is Corregio’s (2016) image that illustrates a young woman in the present-day clothes taking a photo of herself. The choice fell on this art because most youth can rely on depicted Lisa’s portrayal. The picture attracts attention with the model’s amusing posture and the outfit that is far distinctive from the original work one. It illustrates the modern trend on selfies, the self-made photos of the person holding the camera, among young ladies, and the importance of social media like Instagram in the lives of the people who live in the contemporary world. The author is trying to show how women nowadays are dependent on public opinion. In addition, most teenage girls have similar pictures with identical stances and impressions, making it hard to differentiate one girl from another. The image possibly links to the problem that there is a lack of individuality due to globalization. The drawing of Mona Lisa is the most well-known piece of art left from the Italian Renaissance. It is her face that first comes to people’s minds when they imagine the woman of that period. That is why her image often serves as a representative of the average woman of her period. Therefore, rather than the original drawing’s mockery, parodies of The Mona Lisa are a ridicule of the modern social trend. Illustrators attempt to demonstrate the common social problems of the 21st century by altering the most familiar artwork to people.
Introduction The argument as to whether illegal immigrants in the United States of America should continue receiving social services such as food, welfare medical care and even financial aid for schools has been ongoing for such a long period and no one seems to agree with the other. Most of the Americans argue that the illegal immigrants are lazy and form gangs while those who are active are taking jobs that in the past belonged to the Americans. On my side, I would propose that the support of the illegal immigrants continue based on the following simple facts. Advantages of Illegal Aliens to the United States of America Illegal immigrants as long as they are living within the United States of America contribute to the Gross Domestic Product of the country since they purchase goods and services produced within. When the factories and other firms in the US produce goods and services, these commonly hated illegal immigrants do not import the goods and services from their mother countries rather they buy the goods and services produced in the United States of America. On the other hand, even if they imported the goods and services to the United States of America, it would still lead to the country gaining more from foreign direct investments (Hanson 19). A common belief among the critics who argue against the provision of the said goods and services to the illegal immigrants is that they do not pay taxes and that they therefore put strains on the American social services. These all are lies as it is a well known fact that most of the illegal immigrants do not qualify for government aid and they do pay taxes (Anon 5). The truth of the matter is that the illegal aliens do contribute to the taxation system though they may not be directly registered under the tax programs existing in the country. For example illegal aliens contribute taxes through the Individual Tax Identification Number (ITIN) which is usually a special number provided to those who are not in possession of the social security numbers but wants to file for taxes since it is a basic requirement. These illegal aliens also pay taxes whenever they buy goods and services on offer in the United States of America just like other normal citizens does whenever they purchase goods (Tristam 5). Most of the Americans cannot perform any sort of jobs on offer, especially if the wages are low. While most Americans are in desperate need of better paying jobs they cannot offer their services cheaply thus it is only through illegal aliens that most of the US companies are able to access cheap and less costly labor. When US companies are able to access cheap labor from the aliens, the costs of production are reduced and as a result most of the US companies are able to gain huge profits compared to what they would have made if they had employed the legal American citizens. As a result, illegal aliens contribute to the taxes ind
Group Portion: An Expert Witness In the law of evidence, it is important to understand the meaning of each definition and meet the requirements given. There are many rules in the Federal Rules of Evidence, and each of them has its purpose and impact on citizens in criminal cases (Graves, 2013). For example, Rule 702 explains the testimony by expert witnesses. Before explaining the peculiarities of this type of testimony, it is necessary to define such a term as an expert witness. In general, an expert witness could be a person, who has special, usually technical, knowledge and uses it to build an opinion that could be developed using the information and facts provided in a case. There is no need for this person to be a direct witness to a case. It is enough to have the training, education, and experience to introduce an opinion. However, nowadays, people believe that they could be experts in something from different points of view. Such an approach should be declined when it is necessary to define the qualifications of an expert witness. Not everyone could be identified as an expert witness. According to the Federal Rules of Evidence (2014), a witness has to be qualified as an expert “by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education” (p. 15). Such a person has to be ready to base their testimony on several sufficient facts and help the jury to understand a certain issue and use it properly in the court. Several restrictions could be placed against an expert witness regarding the importance of the liberal thrust of the Federal Rules of Evidence (O’Malley, 2013). Each state puts its restrictions on expert witnesses separately regarding the field of the case. For example, in some spheres, the experience of a person, who is going to perform the functions of an expert witness, should be identified. Besides, an expert witness has to be cited in the discovery phase. If a person was missed or not mentioned because of different reasons, there is a restriction of using this person as a witness. Still, there is no clear identification of these restrictions in the law. Therefore, the attorneys or prosecutors can use different facts and knowledge to prove or disprove the presence or absence of the chosen expert witness relying on personal evaluations of a situation. Some people are still confused about the differences or similarities that exist between lay and expert witnesses. However, in the Federal Rules of Evidence, there is a clear differentiation of these two terms. If an expert witness has to be qualified as an expert relying on knowledge or experience, a lay witness may be any person, who is not identified as an expert but can confirm the facts (Bronstein, 2012). The main difference between these two types of witnesses is the possibility to develop personal opinions and conclusions in regards to a case. In comparison to the opinions of an expert witness that has to be disclosed before a trial and introduced in a formal report, the word
Hospitals encounter a variety of problems that may benefit from systematic changes and nurse-led initiatives. One of them is the rate of pressure ulcers – a type of skin injuries that occur due to people’s lack of mobility and continuous application of pressure on the skin (Padula et al., 2015). Healthcare organizations where patients spend significant time in beds often have this problem. If hospitals fail to address this problem adequately, patients suffer from many complications and are even at risk of death. The issue of pressure ulcers is relevant to nursing practice as it impacts many facilities, and it should be discussed because the rate of pressure ulcers can be decreased with evidence-based interventions. Measurable Patient-Centered Practice Problem As it is stated above, pressure ulcers are wounds that occur in patients with limited mobility. If a person lies on their back or side for a long time, for instance, they may develop pressure ulcers. These injuries are dangerous since they expose one’s body to infections and inflammation. Open wounds can easily become infected, and, in a hospital setting, this complication should not be overlooked by professionals (Stansby, Avital, Jones, & Marsden, 2014). This problem was chosen because it persists in many healthcare organizations, including the one in which I practice. Moreover, pressure ulcers are an essential factor in nursing care and patient health because their development leads to many related problems. Thus, their prevention is a necessity for medical centers to uphold a high quality of care. I have selected to research this problem over others because the key leader in my practice setting indicated that this problem is solvable. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize that the currently offered solutions are not being implemented effectively by the hospital. Qaseem, Mir, Starkey, and Denberg (2015) argue that hospitals can find many ways in which they can reduce the rates of pressure ulcers, including proper risk assessment techniques and products for patients’ comfort. Furthermore, as the occurrence of pressure ulcers lead to a variety of complications, they endanger patients and affect their overal
The issues of abortion and its legal and moral rightness have not been solved yet. It is difficult to find the right solution to this issue because different philosophers and public leaders use different perspectives and theories to defend or reject abortion. Noonan bases his vision of abortion on Christian perspective and sees the right to life as a dominant in Christianity. Thomson’s bases his arguments on pro-choice position defending a right of women to choose their life path. In his work, An Almost Absolute Value in History John T. Noonan explains that the notion of viability hides many weaknesses and threats for morality. “Noonan points out a number of significant weaknesses to this view. First, “viability” is highly variable – depending on the state of current technology, the genetic inheritance of the fetus (apparently, fetuses among some human groups attain viability earlier than others), etc” (Noonan 1970). The concept of viability is frequently misunderstood. It requires more of an infant than being born alive and refers to its capacity to survive after birth. The subject is confused by the wording of the Abortion Act 1967, s. 5 which refers to the Infant Life Act 1929 as ‘protecting the life of the viable fetus. Viability is a function not only of the fetus itself but als
The Central Message The central message behind the I Pencil story is the comprehension of the free market and the manner in which it operates (Read 1). If everyone would have the knowledge and understanding behind the theories that were presented in the story, the world would not have been facing most of the problems which it is constantly encountering. The story critically analyses all the aspects of the free market and the parties who are involved in the operations of the market. According to Reed (2008), free markets can only be sustainable if all the parties who are involved benefit from the transaction and that there is no form of greed or discrimination exercised. A lot of people lack the humility that is required to understand and sustain the economy. These are mostly politicians and the other influential figures in society. Since they have power on their side, they tend to assume that they have the knowledge, skills, and expertise to control the market. They set the prices of goods and services, determine the industries that will prevail, and those that will fall, determine which fuel should be used, the educations system that should be followed, and so on. Despite all these, these individuals do not have the basic principles and humility to even understand the simplest concepts of life. A good example that was put forward by Reading is the concept behind a pencil. These individuals pretend to know about the most complicated issues about the free market and yet they do not know what it takes to produce a pencil Read used a pencil due to its simplicity. Pencils are very cheap, a notion which makes a lot of people to assume t
Thyroiditis is considered to be an illness that is connected to inflammation and affection of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, formed on the front side of the neck and underneath the laryngeal prominence, produces hormones that regulate metabolism. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, postnatal thyroiditis, and subacute thyroiditis are the most prevalent types of thyroiditis discussed by practitioners and researchers (Quintero et al., 2021). Thyroid dysfunction manifests itself in a triphasic illness pattern in the majority of cases of thyroiditis (Quintero et al., 2021). Referring to the categorization of particular phases, subacute thyroiditis is a well-known clinical disease that generally develops several weeks following viral infection (Franquemont & Galvez, 2021). Hashimoto thyroiditis is an immune illness that can emerge as hypothyroidism with or without indications, including a painless thyroid problem, and is linked to increased thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (Quintero et al., 2021). Individuals with Hashimoto thyroiditis and observable hypothyroidism are usually prescribed thyroid hormone treatment for the rest of their lives (Quintero et al., 2021). When a woman’s thyroid part starts being irritated after giving birth, it is known as postpartum thyroiditis. Treatment of thyroiditis should be concentrated on specific symptoms and manifestations. Screening, observation, and medical follow-up are suggested in all instances of thyroiditis to evaluate alterations in thyroid function (Quintero et al., 2021). Acute symptoms can be treated, and thyroid function will normally recover and remain stable over time (Franquemont & Galvez, 2021). A common technique for diagnosing thyroiditis is to palpate the thyroid gland throughout a medical assessment.
Introduction Over the last three centuries, Globalization has brought a worldwide dispersal of human communities. The process has benefitted human communities throughout the world because it has allowed an easy way of moving people, goods and services. However, it has brought adverse biological impacts. For instance, there has been both intentional and unintentional transfer of organisms and genes among the ecosystems that were previously separated from each other. Europe is one of the areas that have faced ecological problems due to invasion by foreign plants introduced during the European invasion and colonialism of foreign lands. The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth but brief report on invasive species in Europe, with a special reference to the problems brought by the invasion and possible solutions. Ecological nature of the problem According to Pyšek, Lambdon, Arianoutsou, Kühn and Pino, (2009), almost 67% of the established plants in continental Europe were brought from foreign ecosystems with an aim of boosting horticultural, ornamental or agricultural products. Over 30% of the established plants were introduced unintentionally by through movement of people, vectors or contaminants. Fungi and lower plants are some of the most important invasive plants in Europe (Keller, zu-Ermgassen & Aldridge, 2009). The also have the most adverse effect on the ecosystem, including crop and livestock diseases. For instance, Phytophthora Infestans is an invasive fungus that has been causing potato blight in Europe after it was first introduced from North American colonies in the 19 th century (Bourke, 2010). Most of the plants introduced from foreign continents have become invasive weeds with the capacity to affect agricultural and horticultural production. Others normally hybridize with closely related species, which leads to the loss of distinctive genotypes. Moreover, invasive species such as Himalayan balsam ( Impatiens glandulifera ) and Japanese knotweed ( Fallopia japonica ) are highly invasive. In Europe, they have become a nuisance because they always occupy large tracts of land, including invasion on roads and along rail lines. Others are more dangerous because they cause health problems to both humans and animals. For example, Herracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) has been found to have an adverse