ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The need for saving time and providing learning materials for the organization’s members has necessitate the adoption of an online learning system that will enable members to remotely study without necessarily gathering in central location. They system will be developed by a yet to be identified technology firm that will work closely with the IT department that will be running and maintaining it. Capabilities and Features The computer mediated learning module that is installed into organizational systems performs a variety of functions that correspond to the learning needs of the members (Lagana, 2004, p. 46). It will assist members in performing project management, program coding, graphic creation, audio recording, alpha testing, and beta testing functions. The system will provide tools that will enable learners to perform the above tasks with ease while giving instructions and solutions to learners. The authoring tools that will be installed in the network will help learners by providing both accessible and inaccessible web based functionality, ability to programmatically determine the editing view presentation, keyboard access to authoring features, and provision of enough time for authors who may be slow to use the applications. It will also enhance navigation and editing through content structure while providing text search of the content. Besides, it will help users manage preference settings, help users in correcting mistakes, ensure documentation the user interface, and ensure availability of automatically specified content. Network There are numerous computer networks that have been developed depending on the needs of individuals and organizations. (Tanenbaun, 2003, p. 76) The organization’s technological structure incorporates both the Local Area Network and the Wide area network. The online learning system that will be adopted by the organization will incorporate both. However, given that most of the members of the organization will be immobile because of being based in different branches, LAN will mostly be in use. The organization will create an intranet that will use IP based tools to link members through an exclusive network where they will access the learning materials. For those members that may be traveling outside the branch network of the organization where accessing the intranet will be difficult, a portal that enables one to access the intranet through the world wide web will be availed through the organizational website. Broadband The success of the network or interface that will be put in place will greatly depend on the bandwidth that will define the data rate of the network connection (Bates, 2002, p.80). The bandwidth will influence the capacity of the connection. Though the performance of the network in terms of speeds will be affected by other factors such as latency, grater capacity of the broadband will translate to high speeds along the commutation channel or band. Bandwidth is normally expressed in bits per second. The higher the bits per second that the network is able to generate, the hig
Introduction This paper identifies ten terminologies and gives a brief discussion on each of the ten terminologies. Most of the terminologies were used by ancient Greeks. The ten identified terminologies include nemesis, thumos, physis, nomos, phronesis, mimesis, arête, kairos, aidos and eupsychia. Nemesis According to Aristotle, nemesis has the meaning of a feeling of throbbing at unwarranted good destiny. The term represents what is known as virtuous resentment which emerges from a sense of claim with regards to impartiality and desert. This is aroused in individuals by the thought of achievement without merit besides a consequential pleasure that arises from the punishment of the individual who is unjustifiably prosperous 1 . Thumos Thumos can also be spelt as thymos. Thumos is an ancient Greek word used to denote the concept of spiritedness. For instance, it was used to portray a spirited argument or debate. Thumos was also used to indicate a physical relationship with either blood or breathe and also denoted an individual’s desire to be recognized. Plato, in his work known as Phaedrus and other works, described thumos as one of the prominent components of psyches. Plato stated that thumos was an emotional constituent of virtue. It influenced some of the feelings experienced by people; for instance, the feeling of fear and anger 2 . Physis The term physis is a Greek term used in relation to philosophy, theology and science. In English, the term was translated to mean nature. Physis was used as a synonym for the word natural. This stemmed from the etymology of the term physical. In more details, physis lexically connoted phyein; phyien was used to imply growth in ancient Greece. The Greeks gained knowledge of physis through introductory noetic and poetic knowledge of being 3 . Nomos Nomos is an ancient Greek’s philosophical model of law. The model became common during the late 5 th century and early 4 th century BC when the Greek Sophists were deeply concerned about the political authority on one hand and also that of the rights, freedom and specific obligation of citizens on the other hand. The Greek Sophists discerned between nature, otherwise philosophically known as physis and the convention, also known as nomos. Laws were placed under the nomos; this was because laws were generally regarded as emanating from human inventions achieved through consent for the reason of limiting the natural freedoms for the benefit of pragmatism and personal interests 4 . Phronesis Phronesis is an antique Geek term denoting wisdom. It was also used to refer to intelligence. Both wisdom and intelligence are terms commonly used in philosophy. According to a theory regarding Aristotle’s rhetoric, phronesis is one amongst the three kinds of appeal to an individual character. This is commonly referred to as ethos. Phronesis, as used, was more concerned with specifics because it influenced how an individual acted in a given situation. Aristotle emphasized that for one to be virtuous phronesis is both su
Introduction Family life and family organization is an important determinant of social and moral satisfaction of the society. Over the years, the family life environment has undergone a lot of transformation, thanks to the changing contemporary environmental aspects in social, economic, cultural spheres. American family forms and values of the yesteryears are quite different from today’s, resulting from the influence of class (education levels and income levels), ethnicity, race, and the relationship between women and men, children and parents and relatives. The diversity of family organization in perspective to religion, racial-ethnicity aspects, social-economic status, and employment patterns is of the essence in contemporary society. Two authors, Stephanie Coontz and Benokratis have expressed their valuable views on the contemporary American family based on research conducted about the changes that have occurred in the family over the years. Gender Roles The role played by either partner affects family life either positively or negatively. Traditionally, men were considered to be the exclusive breadwinners in the family while women concentrated on household duties and child care. However, both Coontz and Benokratis agree that this trend is declining in today’s American family. Coontz (1999) points out that, most couples today have both partners working and tend to have more marital satisfaction and their children become more socially aware. The couples also tend to be more egalitarian and share housework more than they used to do earlier on. Benokratis (2001) asserts that dual-earning marriages may affect the family either positively or negatively, which may influence the quality and duration of marriage and child-wellbeing. In addition, most women remain to be submissive and less likely to lessen their family work despite being in income-earning work. Men restrict themselves to tasks like repairs and lawn mowing and playing with children but not housework. Marriage and Parenting Unlike in the past, most women today prefer to postpone marriage and parenting in pursuit of education, a view that has been expressed by both Coontz and Benokratis. However, as Coontz’s view is that the educated career women eventually tend to have a better chance of marrying than do have the less educated and enjoy happy marriage; Benokratis’s view is that, although most highly educated and successful women tend to marry, most of the marriages tend to have conflicts as educated women like to have control of their lives. Juggling Family and Work Roles Both Coontz and Benokratis concur that most women today are entering the workforce for personal fulfillment and to exercise social freedom in controlling their lives. Coontz says that couples today are having fewer children than before thus increasing the average time they spend with each child and both paren
Introduction Global warming refers to the rise in the normal temperature of the earth’s near-surface atmosphere and water bodies ever since the middle of the twentieth century and its predictable continuation. As reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, in the year 2007, the universal surface temperature rose by 0.74 to 0.18 0 C for the duration of the twentieth century. This was the panel’s fourth assessment report and the study concluded that a better part of this phenomenon referred to as global warming in is as a result of human activity. Climate representation extrapolation concluded in the most up-to-date IPCC report point out that the earth’s surface temperature is to be expected to go up an additional 1.1 to 6.4 0 C during the twenty first century (Noon, 2012, p 1). Even as some quarters dispute these projections and disagree with existing evidence of global warming as being caused majorly by human activity, the facts are just too compelling. However, human activities are not the sole causes of global warming as there are several other causes including natural factors. With global warming increasing day by day, the increasing advancements in technology have had their share of contribution in the disastrous impacts of global warming. The main cause of this phenomenon is the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere and these bar heat from escaping from the earth’s surface. Thus, a way(s) of reducing the amount of these gases in the atmosphere needs to be worked out. Deforestation is another cause of global warming.This leads to increased radioactive forcing from CO2, methane, ozone chloro-flouro carbons and nitrous oxide (Noon, 2012, p 1). Since 1750, the concentration of CO2 has increased by 36%, while the level of methane has grown by 148% due to industrial revolution (“Atmosphere Changes”, 2011). This is when people cut down trees, those trees and other green plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) which is a greenhouse gas. CO2 is produced by the human being and other animals. With fewer trees, it would be difficult for people and animals to breathe since there would be more CO2 in the air, yet human beings and animals do not breathe CO2 but oxygen (O2). However, some studies suggest a slight cooling effect; others suggest a slight warming effect. Increased solar activity and increased greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere while increased solar activity warms the stratosphere but increased greenhouse gases cools the stratosphere (Nicklen, 2012, p 1). Occurrences illustrating increase in global temperature Sea levels getting higher For the last century, observations show that sea levels moved higher world over. The average figure stood at more or less seventeen centimeters. Observations show that the order at which the level went up in the last decade is shockingly almost two times that of the last century. An example of an area going through this phenomenon is the marshland going under water at Bayou Ch
Executive Summary This report was commissioned to analyze how Westminster Business School could improve its communication arrangements. The research focuses on the benefits and disadvantages of using new technology for e-learning and compares it with traditional teaching methods. Investigations reveal that e-learning solutions could improve communications within the institution, and enhance the mode of learning in virtual classrooms. Therefore, it is recommended that Westminster Business School take immediate measures to rollout an e-learning system in its learning environment. Introduction Westminster University is one of the most competent colleges in London because it offers a wide range of courses in almost all levels. The institution has been competing with other universities, and it has increased the number of student admissions over the years. The increase in the number of students has made the management of Westminster Business School to look for alternative ways of dealing with challenges in their communication system. The problem lies in the school’s inability to provide all the facilities required by the students. For instance, the boarding facilities are already congested and thus there should be another way of achieving the same results. In this regard, the college is in pursuit of a better way of transmitting knowledge to the learners. An efficient e-learning system would solve the mentioned problem because the benefits of e-learning, as discussed in this report, outweigh the benefits of traditional learning methods. Discussion Advantages of Traditional Teaching Method Traditional learning methods are still popular in learning institutions. According to Pollard (2002), the teacher is the one who sets the time and duration of lessons and this is appropriate for freshmen because most of them are not disciplined, and thus if they were left to attend classes as they wished most of them would never show up. In addition, there are no interruptions in the classroom, unlike home based lessons where the learner’s attention can be disrupted by small things like the television and mobile phones. In traditional learning the names of the students who are present during a given lesson are written down and they are referred to while students are sitting for their final exams. This is because it would be inappropriate for a lecturer to allow a student who has missed most of the lessons to sit for an exam with the rest because chances of failure are absolute. Likewise, the lecturers can monitor the progress of their learners easily as opposed to e-learning, because in virtual classes you cannot tell when a learner has understood the lesson or not. Some students require to be guided, and thus this is the most suitable
Where Words Cease Because of the fact that music lies beyond any possible criticism, it seems impossible to take the melody apart. What seems organic and indivisible cannot be taken apart to be subjected to a brutal analysis. Nevertheless, trying to understand what makes a beautiful melody is worth trying, especially if the music in question is the unforgettable melody Lily Was Here by Candy Dulfer. The melody invites to be explored. It is an incredible mixture of the guitar and the saxophone playing. A jazz hit for all times, it makes the audience listen to it again and again to understand what there is so gripping and capturing. Like any other melodies recorded in a studio, Lily Was Here has passed all the stages needed to become a hit. Speaking of the musical pattern development, the necessary stages mentioned above must be taken into account. These are the studio music and the pre-recorded music parts, which every single song or melody consists of. Unless there are the given elements present in the musical pattern, the melody is doomed to die unborn. The studio stage was of great importance for the melody, mainly because it was not a solo of a single artist, but involved cooperation between the two. The guitar and the saxophone were supposed to be tuned together so well as if it was a single man playing both instruments. The sounds floating together in the same direction, meeting and parting to meet again on the next musical junction are not magic but the result of hard work. A romantic tint of the two artistic souls joined with the help of the enchanting melody was following the ritual of studio recording. As a matter of fact, working over the studio version is much like working on an alchemic substance which is supposed to turn iron into gold. One single step taken wrong can ruin all the pile of work, but when the efforts prove fruitful, the result is splendid. The incredible harmony which was born during the process of studio work, and the effect of pre-recording which allowed the artists to focus on the melody itself, naturally dissolving in the music, has worked wonders on the song. It can be suggested that, without the stages which have been discussed above, there wo
Lean thinking is a mindset that provides the operational philosophy to many organizations. The origins of lean thinking are rooted in a series of principles developed within the Japanese automaker Toyota. The primary goals of lean systems are to identify and improve areas that create value through optimization of the resources, elimination of unnecessary waste, and lead to the satisfaction of customers and employees. Over the last 30 years, the principles of lean thinking have spread from Japan and applied to different working environments far distant from the original manufacturing process where they originated (Huxley, 2015). However, the application of the guidelines of lean thinking has led to unsatisfactory outcomes in some cases, and these negative scores have highlighted the importance of context and the human factor. The implementation of lean systems is the trend that has increasingly spread from manufacturing to services organizations. However, low or negative results showed that many companies were struggling to apply lean principles (Netland, 2014). Consequently, criticism of lean thinking has identified two main areas that should be carefully considered to improve the rate of positive outcomes in lean systems. Some authors insist on the importance of the context, stressing the need for identifying the barriers that limit a practical implementation of the lean philosophy (Marodin & Aurin, 2014). Other scholars point out how the mindset of a group of workers can affect the application of lean principles, and how the lean implementation should conform to the social and cultural fabric of the company (Oudhuis & Olsson, 2015). Therefore, lean thinking should be contextualized, taking into consideration the specific ambiance and human factors. Lean philosophy originated in a manufacturing context in Japan, soon spreading beyond the national borders to find applications in various working environments. Lean thinking has proved successful in many circumstances, and several organizations follow its guidelines to improve quality, increase production flexibility, and boost the satisfaction of customers and workers. However, some poor outcomes suggest that the working and cultural environment should be carefully weighed when implementing the lean philosophy for a company.
This report analyses organizational failure. The issue has never been looked into critically. The police departments in many jurisdictions have been faced with lots of scandals, corruption topping the list. Banking institutions are expected to be wise investors. There are many cases where banks have invested unwisely, thereby affecting the shareholders’ confidence. Schools fail to fulfill their core mandate of educating. Bad bets are equally made. However, the surprising thing is that the failure does not lead to automatic extinction of those organizations. This means that there are many institutions that keep failing. Studies have shown that in as much as institutions may fail in their official goals, they may not necessarily fail in their unofficial ones. Social sciences do not clearly state the sources of organizational plans. Many organizations provide plans on how they may respond to potential failure, but the big question is where they draw the basis of those plans. Theory of Organizational Failure This theory clearly shows that many plans to mitigate failure are mere symbolism. To support this notion, a case of Shoreham Nuclear Power Station in Long Island is given. Due to pressure from regulatory agencies, Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO) came up with an entirely convincing plan on how it could evacuate the Island in case of a nuclear mishap. These contingency measures were in the process of being approved. From the analysis, it can be seen that organizations tend to believe what they represent. It is due to this that such plans are referred to as “fantasy documents.” What is interesting is the fact that such plans are never totally believed or disbelieved. Only on rare occasions do they test the plans against reality. The only reason behind this could be that these plans are usually based on unlikely events. Good case scenarios can be drawn on Three Mile Island and Chernobyl disasters, among others. Most of the plans are usually copy-pasted from other model organizations. The planners often assume that everything will work out well the first time. Also, many wrongly assume that they know every contingency measure and are well prepared for it. In most cases, the reverse has always been true. The Shoreman Nuclear Power Station Building The Shoreman Nuclear Power Station on Long Island had been met with opposition at the beginning. Many thought that it was utterly ridiculous to put a nuclear plant on Long Island in the first place. Many opposed the plant on the basis that carrying out an evacuation could not be possible in the first place. They did not think of the meltdown or radiation released by the plant. What many dwelt on was just evacuation logistics. In its plan, LILCO promised the public t
A series of failures for Americans began with the emergence of slavery in the USA. The transatlantic slave trade started due to the expansion of Europe’s colonies worldwide and a shortage of labor. Aboriginals died from diseases imported from the Old World; colonizers died from local ailments. On the other hand, Africans were ideally suited: they were resistant to tropical diseases and accustomed to the climate of these latitudes, had experience in agricultural work, and were physically strong. In the southern states of the United States, blacks fell into slave conditions. They worked on plantations and mines, extracting coal, molasses, cotton, sugar, tobacco, and producing rum. On September 22, 1862, US President Abraham Lincoln issued a Declaration of Emancipation, which stated that blacks living on Confederate lands were freed from slavery. This decision changed the nature of the Civil War, making its main goal the complete abolition of slavery in America (Thomas, Casper, 2019). But by the mid-1870s, outright racists from the Democratic Party came to power in many states, especially in the south. They were helped by the stock market crash of 1873, which the ruling Republicans badly handled (Craemer, 2018). The new authorities of the southern states adopted laws to consolidate racial segregation, which created economic, social, political, and educational problems for blacks. Currently, blacks in the United States formally have the same rights as whites. The triumph of this right is the election in 2008 of US President Barack Obama, the first black man in this post. However, it is impossible to talk about the complete eradication of racism in the country. In 2006, in his report for the Civil Rights Project, Harvard University professor Harry Garfield noted that the level of racial segregation in society had returned to the level of the 1960s (Beckert, 2021). To protect their rights, African Americans are creating new social movements. The most famous of them is Black Lives Matter. The campaign does not have a clear hierarchy and acts situationally but has become one of the most influential organizations to protect the rights of African Americans.