ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The world of business has always been an environment known for rapid, frequent, and sometimes unpredictable change. In order to stay in competition and preserve the advantage, the businesses are to remain flexible and responsive to the changing environment and situation in the market. This presentation explores the case study of Honda throughout several decades since the 1940s. The main subject discussed is change management, the need for change, and how Honda could adjust its strategy to become a stronger competitor in the market. Introduction This presentation includes:   * A summary of the Case Study about the development of Honda and its successful expansion in the USA market.   * The drivers of this marketing success in terms of change management and flexibility.   * The performance of Honda compared to its primary competitors of the time (Yamaha, Kawasaki, Suzuki).   * The discussion of concepts of change and change management and the need for constant change in business.   * The other concepts such as resistance to change, sustaining change, and change paradigm in relation to the Honda Case Study. Case Summary   * Honda Motor Company (founded by Soichiro Honda in Japan before the World War II).   * Devastation after the War resulted in the forced downsizing of the company.   * Honda manufactured motorcycles that were in demand in Japan due to their convenience and easy maintenance.   * Honda Technical Research Institute – focused on engine improvement.   * First A-type, 2 stroke engine presented in 1947.   * In the 40s Honda faced mainly weak competitor with cheap equipment, unreliable materials, and limited capacities.   * Honda expanded at the beginning of the 50s. Objectives:       + create a multiproduct line;
Social Darwinism is a social order that borrows ideologies from Darwinism. In this respect, the social order alleges that only individuals with suitable survival features deserve to live under certain conditions. In other words, social Darwinism advocates for natural selection. Social Darwinism before the 19th century The social Darwinism progress before the 19th century was preceded by the concept of Darwinism. In this respect, the aspect of the evolution of animals and humans was greatly respected. In fact, the existence of human beings was entirely based on survival. In this regard, some communities and individuals were perceived to be superior to others as they had higher chances for survival. This can be evidenced in societies that took a leading role in civilization, while others lagged behind in their social, cultural and economic development. Prosperity and personal liberty among individuals and communities were perceived as a milestone in the development of social Darwinism. Social Darwinism during the 19th century Social Darwinism was founded by an Englishman known as Herbert Spencer. During the 19th century, Spencer perceived social Darwinism as a theory of social ethics (Slattery, 2003). Spencer was categorical that human’s survival and prosperity are determined by adaptation to certain socio-economic and natural conditions. In this context, Spencer’s reference to the theory of natural selection became popular. Social Darwinism became more evidenced in Britain during the late 19th century. The reference to social Darwinism in Britain during this period was evidenced in policies and practices that exhibited social structures at homes and community levels. An example of such practice includes social cruelty and imperialism that were justified by social Darwinism. Spencer’s theory is of the idea that the history of human prosperity and social evolution was to be determined through competition among social groups. Social Darwinism also became popular in the United States during the 19th century. This was due to the fact that the United States is a capitalistic country, where intellectuals and ruthless businessmen wanted to justify their actions. Intellectuals and business men believed in surviving under conditions that offered opportunities. In this respect, the concept known as “only the fittest survive” became popular. It was during the late 19th century that the philosophy of hereditarianism became popular. Hereditarianism was perceived to be a major element of social Darwinism. In this respect, the biological aspects of an individual are perceived to influence intelligence and character. Moreover, the philosophy argues that biological features of an individual can be determined by environmental changes. In this view, an individual’s adaptability to certain environmental conditions is harnessed. Social Darwinism in modern times Social Darwinism became one of the development principles that became basic for many governments formed in the 20th century. This was before the beginning of World War 1. One exempl
First Agricultural Revolution/Neolithic Revolution During the Neolithic revolution, human beings began growing crops and keeping animals and they no-longer depended on gathering and hunting. Through raising animals and growing plants, they made bigger and more established food sources. The Neolithic Revolution took place in sub-Saharan Africa in 2,500 BC and Melanesia 10,000 years ago. This revolution changed the activities of hunters and gatherers who were prevalent in sedentary communities based-in urbanized towns and villages. These societies improved their natural surrounding using various storage and cultivation technologies (e.g. irrigation) that brought extra production. The changes were the commencement of high population compactness, trading markets, composite labor diversification, centralized governance, political structures, and philosophies. Second Agricultural Revolution The second agricultural revolution took place between the “17 th century and the end of the 19 th century.” This revolution was about the developments, innovation, and techniques’ development in Great Britain and other bordering nations. This caused a substantial increase in agricultural yield and net productivity which in-turn supported remarkable population growth, freeing up a considerable percentage of the labor force, and in so doing powering the industrial Revolution (Barker, 42). Harvesting, plants’ care, fertilization methods, and new production technologies were improved as well. Farmers acquired larger farms, fenced them, and began rotating fields. Production technologies included; seed drilling that simplified methods of rows’ planting and improvement in livestock breeding that made animals produce high-quality milk and beef. The Industrial Revolution played a significant role in sustaining the second Agricultural revolution. Third Agricultural Revolution/Green Revolution During the Green Revolution new agricultural methods were generated to assist farmers all over the globe. It was a global effort that was intended to eradicate hunger and food shortages by improving the performances of food crops. This plan brought about new methods and practices that enabled farmers to harvest more food within the same sizes of land. This meant that farmers produced more from their land than what they did before. Green Revolution: positive and negative impacts Green Revolution involved two major activities i.e. increase of fertilizers’ use and introduction of highly productive seeds. During this period, new practices were introduced to help farmers globally. This revolution existed since 1930 when Midwest agricultural specia
The entrance to a new region is always a challenging issue because of the necessity to consider all peculiarities of the market that might affect a firm in its functioning. Any company is not isolated as it operates and evolves in a particular context. For this reason, consideration of all forces that might impact the project is critical. For instance, the entrance of FysioSupplies to the Spanish market can be prepared by using the DESTEP model to consider all existing peculiarities and select the most appropriate strategy. In general, DESTEP can be taken as a potent tool of modern management. Frue (2017) states that all outside forces that are important for the evolution of any business project are considered by DESTEP, which functions as an approach to determine the current macro environment and help firms to formulate their strategy to remain successful. DESTEP is an abbreviation that stands for demographic, economic, socio-cultural, technological, ecological, and political forces (“The macro environment,” n.d.). Every element of modern markets is critical for the work of organizations and should be investigated when planning the entry to a new market. The enhanced understanding of these factors can help to generate a competitive advantage and become popular with local clients or targeted audiences. That is why the FlysioSupplies can benefit from the employment of this tool for macro environment analysis. For instance, demographics, or peculiarities of local people, is the first core component of the DESTEP model. Speaking about the given force, De Vlieger (2012) states that a better understanding of clients’ buying behavior and preferences is a key for the development and success of any company as it might help to create products or offerings that will be appreciated by the target audience and help to generate income. For this reason, the entry to a Spanish market can also be started from the analysis of local customers and their preferences regarding the selected market segment. It will help to offer unique services and interest them. As for other elements of DESTEP, the existing literature is united in the opinion that the given tool provides multiple opportunities for companies of various sizes. Thus, analyzing the economic, socio-cultural, technological, ecological, and political forces that are peculiar to the region, an organization can conclude the possibility of entrance this very market and benefits that can be acquired from this step (“DESTEP analysis,” n.d.). At the same time, these forces of the macro-environment impact any new venture, which means that the employment of too
Maintaining interaction with patients to deliver highly skilled care is an essential aspect of nursing practice in any clinical setting. Hence, honing communication and engagement skills is crucial for nursing staff to establish productive interactions with target audiences. According to Pung and Goh (2017), one of the limitations of communication in a multicultural environment is the language barrier that manifests itself in the direct interaction of nurses with patients and in the engagement work in the care process. Junior medical specialists working abroad experience these difficulties acutely. The scope of this work includes the assessment of communication challenges between nursing staff and patients with type 2 diabetes, in particular, ensuring adequate self-management education support. Failure to establish productive communication due to the language barrier affects the quality of care. As Almualem, Darwish, and AlFaraj (2021) state, anxiety is one of the manifestations of poor interaction since patients cannot receive good advice or support if a healthcare professional cannot explain specific nuances of treatment or care verbally. Communication is critical in determining nursing qualifications (Ali & Watson, 2018). Saudi Arabia, an advanced country with modern healthcare and labor-intensive approaches, is the state in which Arabic is the official language. In this regard, foreign specialists with insufficient language training are forced to experience challenges, which manifests itself sharply in patient-provider interaction. As Alshammari, Duff, and Guilhermino (2019) argue, “the barriers to effective nurse-patient communication adversely effects patient safety and patient satisfaction” (p. 1). Therefore, addressing this limitation is of high importance in the context of promoting a high level of healthcare services. The purpose of this paper is to present the experience of foreign nurses working in Saudi Arabia with patients with type 2 diabetes. The personal views of the participants involved will be used as a rationale for collecting data on the language barrier and engagement challenges. Establishing interaction with the target audience is a prerequisite for patient adherence to care guidelines (Mani & Abutaleb, 2017). In this clinical setting, following nurses’ recommendations is of great importance. In particular, blood sugar monitoring and diet control are mandatory procedures for the audience with the disease in question. However, due to the lack of productive interaction caused by communication gaps, some patients feel distrust of the professionalism of the staff, which manifests itself in the unwillingness to perform the prescribed procedures responsibly and timely. Bit-Lian, Bakar, and Saeidin (2020) highlight the identity of Saudi culture and its commitment to traditions and indigenous behaviors. As a result, the foreign background of the nurses involved as the participants is a deterrent to productive communication. The assessment of the existing constraints and barriers can reveal the root cause
In the 12 th -13 th centuries, the crusades helped concentrate on the scientific potential of the East; adventures of such travelers as Marco Polo contributed to developing the scientific knowledge; and many universities were established in Europe. During the stated period, Leonardo ‘Fibonacci’ of Pisa, the talented Italian mathematician of the Middle Ages, wrote several works on arithmetic, algebra, and geometry which added significantly to the European mathematicians’ visions of the numerical systems and principles of number sequences (Swetz, 2013, p. 33). Today, the name of Leonardo of Pisa is known with references to the Fibonacci Sequence which is discussed as the solution to the Rabbit Problem. Thus, the contribution of Leonardo of Pisa to the practice and theory of mathematics is significant, and it is necessary to focus on the aspects of Leonardo’s life and discuss his contributions in detail. Although only few facts are known about the life of Leonardo of Pisa, his writings in mathematics include the detailed discussion of the advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system, the important information on arithmetic in business and commerce, the discussion of the basic points in algebra and geometry; and these writings contribute to the modern discussion of the mathematical concepts and principles. In order to understand Leonardo’s way to his great discoveries in the sphere of the mathematical theory and practice, it is relevant to refer to the mathematician’s background and living conditions. Leonardo was born around 1170 in Pisa, but the date of his death is not stated in the historical works, and researchers are inclined to point at the period of 1240-1250, while noting that the mathematician died in Pisa (Grimm, 1973, p. 100; Swetz, 2013, p. 33). Leonardo is known as ‘Fibonacci’, and this name means ‘Filius Bonacci’, or the son of Bonacci, while referring to the history of the mathematician’s family (Swetz, 2013, p. 33-34). During the 12 th -13 th centuries, Pisa was the European commercial center, and Leonard was born in the family of Guglielmo Bonacci, the Italian merchant, who had warehouses in Bugia of Africa (Koshy, 2011, p. 1-2). To develop the son’s interest in commerce, Bonacci focused on the boy’s perfect mathematical education. Young Leonardo lived in Bugia during a long period of time while being taught by the Muslim teacher. Leonardo understood the basics of arithmetic rather quickly, and he started travelling in the Mediterranean region. While visiting Egypt, Greece, Sicily, Syria, and Constantinople, Leonardo studied the arithmetic systems used in these countries, met scholars to develop his knowledge, and evaluated different money systems, while applying the principles of arithmetic to commerce. Finally, Leonardo focused on the advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system and placed it even higher than the traditional method of Pythagoras used in Italy (Swetz, 2013, p. 33-34). These ideas and evaluations were reflected in Leonardo’s several writings on mathematical questions. While focusing on Leonar
The modern world is very diverse. Due to the influence of the process of globalization various cultures on our planet started to interact very closely, massive waves of migrations covered every country and the clash of customs, traditions, religions and lifestyles became inevitable. This caused many cultural conflicts. Some of them were successfully solved and today people of various origins are able to co-exist and co-operate. Even though cultural diversity has become a part of our everyday life, there are still issues the modern society has to face. One of them is the problem of racism, racial prejudices and stereotypes. This problem is powerful and big, it is able to influence the lives of different social groups in a very negative way. The world of film making could not stay out of this issue. Racial diversity, political correctness and tolerance entered cinematography and brought various rules. The article by Park et al. explores the effect racial jokes and stereotypes in the comedy film “Rush Hour 2” are able to make on the audience. The authors of the article notice that “Rush Hour 2” had
Introduction The case study touches upon several concepts discussed in the chapter. First of all, it concerns the concept of Enterprise Applications with their importance for global companies inside the corporate activities. This technological appliance serves as an optimal helper in maintaining problems with databases and features considered with the items having been shipped or in inventory (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Also one of the main and direct concepts worked out in the case study is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, “which are based on a suite of integrated software modules and a common central database” (Laudon & Laudon, 2009, p. 339). Enterprise Software is described in the chapter as the material base for ERP functioning. Demand-Driven Supply Chain is another concept being touched upon due to its strategic significance: “If all supply chain members share dynamic information about inventory levels, schedules, forecasts, and shipments, they have more precise knowledge about how to adjust their sourcing, manufacturing, and distribution plans” (Laudon & Laudon, 2009, p. 345). Finally, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems provide one more concept worked out in the case study. Main mistakes of Symantec In the case of Symantec’s ERP systems, the shortsightedness of the company in terms of how to face customers’ demands was influenced greatly. The management team was not able to point out the perspectives of the “Project Oasis” rollout. Furthermore, the company did not take into account the use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems to primordially evaluate possible problems. The technical approach is important to point out that the feedbacks of customers were negative due to a great amount of information to be faced with and a relatively great number of operations provided (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Moreover, the negative effect was also considered with several kinds of software appliances on the front and on the back ends of Veritas-with-Symantec ERP reckoned with Oracle software. Also, the changes to the licensing system became an obstacle. Response of Symantec The senior management team was quite rational in their finding of the best ways for problem solutions. They pointed out very huge losses of current “loyal customers” and partners and provided a dealing net of the company’s representatives throughout the country so that to improve connections with customers. The company redesigned its strategic outlook and provided “Project Nero” hoping for success. Success was achieved when Symantec incorporated in their overhaul plan Net Promoter methodology. This supplement was useful to identify “customers’ criticism” and comments according to changes in Symantec to have a whole picture of main drawbacks (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Personal initiatives for the prevention of the problem As for me, the main m
Introduction ERP (enterprise resource planning) is a piece of software that individuals implement to manage all their business processes and needs with the help of a single interface. Sometimes, all these operations can be done in real-time and performed with the help of appropriate computer programs or applications, along with specific technologies. The following paper will discuss whether ERP is likely to replace packages used in a single area of organizations (such as accounting, logistics, production and marketing, human resources, and so on) or not. Discussion To begin with, it would be proper to state that the implementation of ERP systems is considered to be a necessity for any modern public company. Moreover, the software was promoted and sold only to manufacturing factories back in the 1990s (Aslan et al. 135). Nowadays, the discussed method can be used by all firms, regardless of their profits, financial circulations, locations, or specializations. The key conception of ERP implies a unified transaction system that can be used for almost any needs of a single company. Therefore, employees do not have to do the same actions for every operation they intend to complete. Instead, all they are required to do is just to use the ERP service for these needs. Indeed, the application of the innovative system seems to be more beneficial than packages used in a single area of management for several reasons. The first argument is that its implementation requires less time for workers than other old methods. Moreover, all the necessary algorithms are already saved – the only action an employee has to do is to set certain characteristics and select a preferable object that one will be working with for a certain period (Issar and Navon 34). Also, it is necessary to mention that the issued program can be used by a wide range of companies without specific improvements or adjustments to their environments. One of several disadvantages that could be found in ERP is the system’s requirement to be high-adjustable. Sometimes, it becomes complicated to set the software to complete particular operations (Seethamraju 481). On the other side, ERP can be used by an extended number of different businesses or manufacturers, including automobile engineering organizations, recycling factories, retailers, distributors, financial institutions, and so on. This section will discuss ERP’s disadvantages in detail. To begin with, it is important to mention that the system might be hard to customize for certain needs of its users. The support of the given software is more expensive than that of regular practices. As employees must be trained to use the innovative method of management, regular daily operations of a company might be less efficient due to the lack of control. However, the benefits of such a system also include the following:   * Businesses’ efficiency an