ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Managerial and Financial Accounting: Differences Differences Between Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting As a rule, the area of financial accounting (FA) is restricted to the creation and further analysis of the company’s financial statements. The results of the analysis are then made available to all stakeholders involved. Managerial accounting (MA), on the other hand, views the financial analysis as a tool for the decision-making process. The results of the analysis are discussed to make a choice between the company’s options. Therefore, the viewpoint that the company’s key processes are viewed can be deemed as the primary difference between the two concepts. However, there are other ways to consider the identified frameworks. For example, in the process of conducting an FA, one is supposed to consider the past performances of an organization. The MA approach, however, is directed at the current specifics of the staff’s performance. The frequency of performing the FA is quite different from that of the MA as well. In contrast to FA, which must take place strictly on an annual basis, the MA may be used whenever there is the necessity to reconsider the current approach toward the management processes. Another important issue, the objectives that the two types of analysis address, needs to be brought up as well. MA is used to complete day-to-day, short-term objectives, while the FA is used to consider the long-term ones. Furthermore, when a publicly-traded company conducts an FA, the outcomes of the FA must be made available to the general public as a part of the corporate transparency principle (Marcinko & Hertico, 2013). The MA results, in their turn, do not have to be offered to wide audiences. Finally, forecasting comprises a significant part of the MA. Although the FA is also used as the platform for designing the further financial strategy that entrepreneurship will use in the context of the global market, forecasting is not included in the report, unlike the MA framework suggests. Managerial Accounting Profession: Change The phenomenon of MA has experienced tremendous changes over the years of its evolution. Previously, the concept of managerial accounting was reduced to cost accounting. As the subject matter developed, the elements of a behavioral analysis were introduced. As a result, the principles of HR were included in the managerial accounting system. The identified change allowed for executing better control over the corporate processes and maintaining sustainability. Consequently, the significance of the organizational behavior strategy, the satisfaction levels among the staff members, etc., were acknowledged as the factors that determine the choice of an MA strategy and the range of skills that an MA expert must possess. Presently, managerial accounting is used as the tool for retrieving the data that helps improve all corporate activities and, therefore, enhances the profitability of the entrepreneurship. In other words, from the necessity to execute control over the essential financial processes, theorists redesigned the MA requirements to meet the need to control the factor
Literature Review Customer service is an essential part of business strategy (Sahaf 2008). Any company that ignores the quality of services that it gives to its customers commits a strategic blunder. This literature review explores the conceptual issues that govern the provision of excellent customer service. The review has four sections. The first section deals with the definition of customer service. The use of the term “customer service” requires delineation to ensure that there is not confusion with other aspects of customer care in the business. It is also imperative to develop a working definition of the term for this project. The second part of the review covers service quality in general and online service quality. The expected outcome of this project will be the development of a website that can improve customer service for Igno Merchandise Company. In this regard, the standards for online service quality in the company must satisfy user expectations. The last three areas of interest include a review of the online tools available for online customer service applications, web design principles for customer service websites, and the risks posed by online customer service. Definition of Customer Service The term “customer service” does not have a universal definition despite the widespread use by both entrepreneurs and scholars. This is hardly surprising because of the multiplicity of viewpoints relating to the subject. Wagenheim and Reurink (1991) defined customer service as a management strategy that focused on meeting customer expectations. This definition relied on the idea that every organisation would do whatever it took to satisfy its customers in order to attain its goals efficiently and effectively. However, it was very broad since it covered all activities undertaken by a business. For instance, R&D departments exist to produce products that satisfy customer expectations. Does this mean that R&D activities form part of customer
According to Hawker (151), IT Security and Control include physical, logical, and administrative measures organizations put in place to ensure data integrity, confidentiality, and availability to authorized users. Information system avail data to authorized users through validation and verification procedures. These procedures are defined an organization’s information system policies. In addition, data integrity standards should be enforced when data is being transmitted to prevent it from unauthorized access, intentional or accidental modifications, and malicious damage. Comprehensive approaches subject organizations’ information systems to regular security checks and system audits (Peltier 2). Regular system audits ensure that responsible organizational managers are able to track users and establish potential threats and sources of malicious attacks, unauthorized access, eavesdropping, and other security-related measures. These measures are implemented within and outside organizational boundaries. Organizations benefit from IT Security and Controls by integrating and aligning them to organizational goals and objectives. Peltier (1) argues that organizations have defined standards, policies, and procedures for implementing security measures and controls to prevent data loss or damage. Information can be sold or mined to enable radical decisions to be made. Peltier (2) argues that users should form informed decisions on system usage when login sessions commence and should be made aware that they are being monitored. Peltier (11) asserts that security and control measures such as firewalls implemented at different levels, risk analysis, encryption of data using different techniques, e-mail and other communication policies ensure that organizational information is kept confidential and made available only to the intended parties. Firewalls filter outgoing and incoming data to ensure no corrupt data, malicious software or computer programs accesses an organization’s information system. Organizations impose administrative controls on data, which is a valued asset, at different levels to ensure accountability and responsibility for system users. This may include passwords verifications and access rights’ mechanisms. Data integrity is maintained organization-wise. Logical controls ensure firewall protection for outbound and inbound data. An organization may not be at ri
Introduction Marketing plan is essential for companies or enterprises in order to reach their clients and establish a strong base of customers. It describes the strategies, which an organization intends to use to retain and attract customers (Berkowitz 127). Therefore, marketing plan is significant for success of an organization. It is therefore, paramount for organizations to develop effective marketing plan. This helps in management and operational plans for the organization. In addition, marketing plan assists organization to accomplish the set goal. This report devises budget of one of products of Legacy Village and evaluates outcomes to measure the effectiveness of marketing plan. Legacy Village is located in Layton. It a serene and convenient place that offers services such as retirement living, assisted living, rehabilitation, and memory care. Retirement living enables clients to interact with each other comfortably through learning and leisure activities. Assisted living entails providing services for senior people who are unable to manage themselves. However, these people do not require comprehensive and intensive daily medical care. Memory care encompasses total management and assistance of senior people. Professionals in memory care help clients in grooming, bathing, and eating. Finally, rehabilitation at Legacy Village offers services such as recovery from surgical operations, strokes, injuries, or orthopedic cases of hospitalization (Legacy Village 1). Legacy Village is extremely essential for helping seniors who have some disabilities as well as those in the recovery process. It is therefore significant for this organization to develop a marketing plan that enables it to achieve its goals. The following table indicates budget estimates for the retirement living. This is one of the products, which Legacy Village offers to its esteemed customers. The budget shows the costs of services such as an advertisement in both print and electronic media. Table of Cost Estimates for Retirement Living at Legacy Village of Layton Type of Advertisement            Cost Estimate (U.S Dollars) Daily Newspapers                 $2000                       Television                       $1500
This is a summary of observations made in a children day care. The day care has eight children of between two to three years of age with three childcare workers and the Director. The children’s profile including their photos, as well as the childcare workers have been prepared and stored in a designated folder in the custody of the administration. The building blue print is consistent with the set up of the facility. The day care class is spacious and allows comfort for the little children. There are effective transitions between the children’s activities due to space. The activities are well handled and are preceded by advance warning such that in case of an emergency, evacuation would be well orchestrated. Childcare workers have setup classroom rules and routines that they periodically examine. The shutoff valve is located outside and is in an accessible place. As recommended by Marotz ( 200), the day care centre has a set procedure to follow in case of a fire within the facility or within the adjacent buildings. In each room of the day care, there are well-displayed evacuation procedure to familiarize the staff and visitors on the procedure. The day care has the required number of water hoses, fire evacuation cots, fire blankets and fire extinguishers installed in strategic areas of the building. The childcare workers practice regularly, the fire evacuation procedures, which provide them with fire training that also, include evacuation drills with children. The building does not have long hallways or staircases and the classes are located near the assembly point. However, hallways and all the exits are always kept clear of any obstacle all the time. In case of a fire emergency, the childcare workers have specific evacuation responsibilities. In the day care, there are three childcare workers for every eight children. In an emergency, two caregivers are supposed to move all the children from the class to the external evacuation assembly point that is located right outside the classroom door. Two childcare workers should put fire emergency cots outside before placing the children in them. The caregivers are also supposed to take with them keys to the main date. Every person within the facility must follow the caregiver’s direction. Once everybody is assembled at the evacuation point, every child is marked off on the attendance sheet. The third childcare worker has the responsibility of turning off all appliances in the kitchen, laundry and closing off the outdoor area and picks the children emergency food supply. The Director of the day care on the other hand, is supposed to call the fire department, and collect a call list of all emergency personnel in the area. The director’s main responsibility is to collect staff and visitor sign in/out record as well as to confirm the number of children and childcare workers present. The director has to inform the parents of the evacuation once all the c
With the prevalence of the nationalist doctrine in the country, British citizens reportedly show hostile attitudes to the immigrant communities. To address the issue, a new strategy focused on bridging differences across cultures should be developed. The article identifies the root reasons of the inimical treatment of the minorities, such as social inequality, absence of segregation policy, and faulty promotion of cultural differences in exchange to national unity. In response to the aforementioned challenges, British politicians should integrate the non-discriminatory dogma, aimed at increasing understanding among the represented cultures. Principles of egalitarianism and equal representation should be at the core of the project. Based on the critical analysis of the article, I disagree with the author’s position on the issue for the following reasons. First, in my opinion, the nationalist ideology does not directly lead to the hostile attitudes toward immigrants in Britain. Instead, low intercultural competence and lack of understanding of the minorities’ ethnic features constitute two central reasons for the adverse attitudes among civilians. Second, rather than focusing on the novel policies on the legislative level, the government should facilitate change within the community. Finally, the focus of the project should be shifted from the search for similarities to the embracement of cultural differences.
Problem Statement Children are often picky with choosing food, clothing, toys, activities, entertainment, and a myriad of other things, which is why it is so hard to make them do what they do not want to do. Brushing their teeth is one of such struggles, and parents are desperate to find a solution that would make their children brush their teeth without being forced or reprimanded for not behaving properly (English, 2018). Importantly, kids should love brushing their teeth so they can remember such a positive behavior for which they can be rewarded or praised. For children, operant conditioning is one of the tools for learning good behaviors, which means that teeth brushing should be a pleasant and comfortable experience (Cherry, 2020). It is crucial to find a safe and reliable product that parents can use in order to solve the problem of teeth brushing, and the proposed toothpaste can be of great value. Solution to the Problem The solution to the ongoing problem of teeth brushing is developing a fluoride toothpaste that tastes like chocolate, which is safe to swallow. Parents will find value in the product because choco-flavored toothpaste is something that can make the toothbrushing experience better for children who refuse to brush their teeth because of bad taste. In addition, there is an opportunity to study the demands of the market further and produce a complete range of kinds of toothpaste for children with different flavors, such as candy or marshmallows (Opeodu & Gbadebo, 2017). It is notable that the new product stands out from its competitors in the market because it will contain fluoride, which is absent in all chocolate-flavored toothpaste. Business Model Canvas. Value Proposition The proposed product is unique because all choco-flavored toothpaste on the market does not contain fluoride. The proposed product will have fluoride, which is an important component. For children’s teeth, fluoride is important to fight decay and prevent build-up by making them more resistant to the influence of plaque bacteria and sugars in the month. In addition, in children aged six and younger, fluoride plays an essential role in the development of permanent teeth in the future, making it difficult to demineralize the teeth by disrupting the production of acids that are harmful (Abou Neel et al., 2016). Therefore, the toothpaste will have both good taste and valuable properties that are absent in chocolate-flavored oral hygiene available in the market. Customers should buy the product because it will solve the problem of parents forcing their children to brush their teeth and make the experience more pleasant. Besides, in case of success of choco-flavored toothpaste, the company can develop other products in the range, such as mouthwash and toothpaste of other flavors that children like.
Discussion One of the major downsides of the scandal is the fact that Apple has to allocate additional resources to restore its public image. Clearly, the public trust in the company has been violated, and efforts that exceed a standard apology were taken. However, public trust is not easily regained. The new long-term strategy will be required to alleviate the issue and get over the crisis. Given the fact that such scandals are usually sudden and cannot be pre-planned, emergency business mechanisms need to be activated (Taylor, 2003). Such a situation means an additional load of work for financial analysts who need to define how much Apple will lose as a result of the scandal. Consequently, the current budget estimates need to be recalculated. All these responsibilities are paralleled with day-to-day operation tasks, which marks the need for prioritization of one over another. Additional workload often means loss of productivity due to fatigue, stress, stricter deadlines, and other things, which, essentially, undermines performance. Among other things that might undermine Apple’s conduct are the legal cases against it. According to different sources, Apple’s scandal will be accompanied by mass legal actions by a variety of companies and individuals (Palmer, 2018; Tsukayama, 2017; Paresh, 2017). Since the company already publicly acknowledged the fact of willingly slowing down older smartphones without customer’s knowledge, most of these cases can be expected to be lost. Legal loses often mean that financing of new projects, research and development can be put into jeopardy. Consequently, for Apple as an IT company falling behind in innovation and technology could mean poor performance on the market. Lessons to be learned The main lesson to be learned from this situation is the importance of integrity. Any service provided by a company needs to be as transparent as possible, especially for a huge company such as Apple. Willful non-disclosure of the information that can potentially lower the quality of customer’s experience is the matter that courts in the U.S. and abroad take seriously. The reputational damage and financial loses can be rather unpredictable depending on the scale of media coverage and actions of the company officials. However, it is widely believed that possible gains in demand can be outweighed by such disastrous consequences (Taylor, 2003). Another valuable lesson is that no matter how noble the cause is, customers should know that the product they buy meets the specifications listed. Apple’s main argument against the accusations was that the company had in mind the stability of the device when slowing down the performance (Leswing, 2017; Kulwin, 2018). Again, the courts will likely to ignore such an intent
Introduction The conducted interviews were a part of the qualitative study on the aging minority in Indiana. The main objectives of the interviews were to learn about the experience of aging, the need for services for elderly, and the accessibility to such services. The interviews were conducted with two seniors aged 65 and 80 years old. Additionally, a third interview was conducted with President and CEO of Central Indiana Council on Aging (CICOA), to have firsthand information on the services for the elderly in Indiana. The interviews were conducted through informal questions, which in the case of representative of the elderly minority included questions on the actions and the persons referred to incase of help, the usual activities of the participant related to satisfy particular needs, and the experience of living as an elderly minority, e.g., language barriers, the absence of family nearby, etc. The questions with the President of CICOA were more structures and had a formal nature, including questions such as the state of health service for the elderly, challenges in providing services, the plans for overcoming them, and the issues of increasing the awareness of the public to the services. Results Mr. Orion Bell, the first interviewee, is the President and CEO of Central Indiana Council on Aging (CICOA). Mr. Bell acknowledged that the state of Health Care (HC) has improved through years, with more provisions being made for the elderly. Nevertheless, as Mr. Bell stated, funding remains a problem, where it is “never enough” (Mr. Orion Bell, personal communication, 4 August, 2010). Such answer conforms to the statement in Gelfand (2006) of many programs lacking adequate funds (Gelfand, 2006, p. 66). The lack of funding being cited as one of the challenges, Mr. Bell indicated the lack of awareness by the elderly as a problem as well. “… [As the year goes, we still see a lot of elder’s and disabled that have no idea Indianapolis has an Area on Aging, Senior Center’s, Specialty physician’s, transportation” (Mr. Orion Bell, personal communication, 4 August, 2010). Plans to improve included working with hospitals to have them refer elderly people to their organizations, and publishing informational materials, which are either available of the website, or printed in a book, which is given free to anyone who needs it. The second interviewee was Miss Jane, an 80-year-old African American lady, who is widowed with no local family. After a couple