ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Numerous researches have been conducted on the causes of women’s dissatisfaction with their body types. One of these studies is an experiment conducted on the effect of social pressure. In this study, 120 young and middle aged women were used. They were exposed to a controlled environment which created the ideal conditions for social pressure, and then their responses were recorded. The experiment found out that being exposed to social pressure increased ones desire to be thin. Despite the fact that social pressure increased dissatisfaction with ones body, there was no relationship between social pressure and negative affect. Variables Since this is an experimental study, it used a number of variables which were intended to manipulate the right condition for the experiment (Stice et al. 2002). In this experiment there is more than one type of variable used. The justification for use of more than one type of variable is the fact that it is a complicated experiment which measures subjective outcomes such as the perception, and peer influence. In this study, an independent variable was used on all participants. The purpose of an independent variable was to expose the participants to the prescribed conditions for the experiment, which was to test the influence of social talk on the attitude towards body type. In this regard the researcher played a neutral videos tape clip to the participants which exposed them to the topic on body types. Furthermore, the confederates, who accompanied all the participants wore the same type of dress to avoid the possibility of different dressing mode would generate varied results. These independent variables were also accompanied by other variables such as peer talk (pressure condition) and neutral talk (controlled condition). Other than the independent variables, Stice et al. (2002) also used a number of dependent variables. The types of variables were preferred as they determined the outcomes of the experiment. In this regard the experimenters used both pre and post existing moods and attitudes from the participants towards their bodies. Since this study was purposed to measure their perception after being exposed to social talk, then the experimenters were keen on the negative affect on the participants’. As such they evaluated the level of satisfaction. Operational definitions of variables To gain the full understanding and application of the variables used in this experimental study, it is important to gain the operational definitions which facilitated their applications. In general terms, the word variable refers to a factor that can change or vary in different circumstances. For this experiment there are factors which have been varied so as to generate the desired outcomes for the experiment. Stice et al. (2002) use the term independent variables to refer to factors that have been manipulated to expose the participants to the right conditions for the experiment. Within the independent variables used in
The Godfather In the chosen scene, we see Sonny Corleone heading home after an incident where he threatens his brother in law with death if he continues to abuse the sister of Sonny. On his drive back, he stops at a toll booth; however, cars pull up behind him, and to each side boxing him in. The passengers of all 3 vehicles open fire on Sonny resulting in his tragic death. I believe that this scene in particular helps to embody the movie as a whole due to its tragic and violent nature. For instance, earlier in the movie Don Corleon attempts to help his Godson, Johnny Fontane, by influencing an abrasive studio yet through the death of his prized stallion. However, a few scenes afterwards it can be seen that outside forces conspire to box the Corleone family in as they attempt to pursue their own agenda. This feeling of being “boxed in” and the tragedies that followed, is similar to what happened to Sonny and can be seen throughout the film as the Corleone family has no choice but to fight back to survive. Taxi Driver I believe that the best scene in the movie is the part where Travis confronts the pimp, the gangster and the bouncer in the brothel, shoots them, attempts to commit suicide, yet finds out that he was no bullets. He then patiently waits for the police to arrive, and then proceeds to form his hand into a gun shape and pretended to shoot his head. This particular scene is in my opinion, awesome since it perfectly depicts the tone of the movie and showcases the real feelings of the character. When it is revealed that the main character is honorably discharged Navy Seal and when examining his actions throughout the entire film, it becomes obvious that the character has a death wish. It could be because of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) or some form of survivor’s guilt, regardless of the reason, it can be seen that he is not mentally stable and could be the reason why he was discharged in the first place. The mere fact that he was willing to put his life on the line and kill himself afterwards shows that he wants to die, yet, he wants to die in a way that is memorable so that he will not be forgotten (hence the fact that he initially wanted to try and kill the Presidential candidate). Pearl Harbor For me, the best scene in the movie the memorial scene where the pilots, air force personnel and nurses have to attend the memorial service for all the people that died in the Pearl Harbor attack. I believe that this scene in particular truly captures the devastation, destruction and sadness that the true attack brought on both in reality and in the fictionalized account created within the movie. The pain, the sorrow and the desire for revenge that is reflected in the eyes and faces of the attendees helps to set the stage for the subsequent scenes in the mov
Blackberry properties Blackberry is a bristly plant shrub or creeper, recurrent, and is believed to be indigenous to Eastern N. America and is found in abundance from Nova Scotia to Ontario, New York, Virginia and North Carolina south. It appears in dry copses, clearings and forest edges, hedgerows, open pastures, waysides in and also in wastelands. Biologically termed as Rubus Alleghenies, the plant also goes by the popular names of Allegheny Blackberry, American Blackberry, Bly, Bramble, Bramble-Kite, Brambleberry, Brameberry, and is also sometimes known as Brummel. Blackberry is suitable for eating and exhibits medicinal characteristics. The Native American tribes have been known to make use of it extensively. The leaf of the plant is the part of the plant which is more frequently exploited in the form of a remedial herb, although the root of the plant also exhibits medical properties. Young comestible shoots are reaped during the spring season, peeled off, and made use of in the preparation of salads. Blackberries are extremely delectable can be eaten raw or sometimes taken in the form of jelly or jam. The root-bark and the leaves are diuretic, styptic, depurative, vulnerable, and tonic. The cab is used as a productive substitute medicine for symptoms of dysentery, diarrhea, pileses, and cystitis. Blackberries were in historic ages rumored to provide safety against all ‘evil runes,’ if collected during the appropriate lunar phases. Greek physicians were arguably the first to discover the medicinal properties of the herb. Native Americans produced fiber, procured from the stem of the plant, to make a tough yarn. Addit
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is one of the most influential figures in modern philosophy due to the significant impact of his numerous works, which serve as the basis for the contemporary research in the fields of metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics and political theory. According to Kant himself, he effected the revolution in philosophy compared to Copernicus’ influence on the development of the science. Since the legacy of the German philosopher comprises significantly broader fields of study than could be covered in this paper, the primary goal is to understand the fundamentals of his theory, to overview the principal problems that he was attempting to solve and to touch upon the perception of his works by other philosophers. In search of the answer to the given question, the primary reference point should be one of Kant’s most cited and acknowledged works – The Critique of Pure Reason , published in 1781. It shifted the rational paradigm of the XIX century, and, to this day, the book maintains its status of a highly relevant source for philosophical research. In this work, Kant questions the possibility of the rational and scientific cognition, as he was not content with his contemporaries’ philosophical theories. In The Critique of Pure Reason , the philosopher efficiently synthesized two different philosophical movements of his time – rationalism and empiricism – into his philosophy (Kant 19). He argued that things themselves (“thing in itself” in Kant’s terminology) are absent from individual’s cognitive field, and thus one cognizes only the phenomena, which are things perceived by the human brain. In other words, the phenomenon is the product of the interaction of the thing-in-itself with our cognitive abilities, and this statement has the fundamental significance. The philosopher states that we are only experiencing the phenomenal world (the world of our sensations), without the access to the noumenal world, which consists of the things in themselves. Despite the fact that Kant was not the first of his contemporaries to declare the difference between the real world and the individual’s perception of it, he was the first to successfully dwell upon the connections between the human mind and its experience of the things in the world. The philosopher develops his thesis about the cognition of the phenomena, observing that the human mind builds up the world of experience based upon the individual’s sensations of the things, which are existing independently. Primarily, those impressions are categorized by the inherent conceptions of space and time, which exist in the human’s intellect a priori (meaning that they do not require experience). Thus Kant concludes that space and time only exist in the individual’s cognition. Furthermore, the human mind has the system of categories and logical schemes a priori, and by that system, the world of experience is categorized. Kant e
This essay will compare two English translations of the poem “Homeric Hymn No. 2” from the classical Greek text the Homerica , composed by Homer in the 7 th century BCE. The first translator is Hugh G. Evelyn-White, and the year of publication is 1914. The second translator is Helene P. Foley, and the year of publication is 1994. After reviewing the two translations, this paper will argue that the version by Foley ranks as superior to the version by Evelyn-White, and the argument will utilize the following passages to prove said claim: the abduction of Demeter’s daughter by Aidoneus, the description of Demeter’s grief at the loss of her daughter, and finally, the description of the scene in which Zeus offers a truce to Demeter and sends Rheia, her mother, as his envoy to negotiate for the return of spring. First, the essay will compare the opening description of Demeter by each translator: Evelyn-White (1914)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Foley (1994)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           I begin to sing of rich-haired Demeter, awful goddess — of her and her trim-ankled daughter whom Aidoneus rapt away, given to him by all-seeing Zeus the loud-thunderer. Apart from Demeter, lady of the golden sword and glorious fruits (Evelyn-White 1-2)  Demeter I begin to sing, the fair-tressed awesome goddess, herself and her slim-ankled daughter whom Aidoneus seized; Zeus heavy-thundering and mighty-voiced, gave her, without the consent of Demeter of the bright fruit and golden sword (Foley 2)  When you compare the words used in Evelyn-White’s version, “awful” versus the word “awesome” used in Foley’s version, is clear that Foley’s words provide a clearer characterization of Demeter herself (Evelyn-White 1-2; Foley 2). For instance, Foley’s descriptive language immediately and accurately portrays Demeter’s power as a member of the gods of Olympus, a force to be reckoned with, whereas Evelyn-White’s use of the word “lady” makes Demeter seem mortal, and therefore less of a threat (Evelyn-White 1-2). Also, Evelyn-White’s use of the words “rapt away” make no sense to the reader (Evelyn-White 1-2). Conversely, Foley’s use of the word “seized” immediately clarifies for the reader that we are witnessing a violent abduction (Foley 2). For the second point, the paper looks at how each of the translators describe the grief that Demeter suffers at the loss of her daughter, and the depression that beset
This paper is in response to an article that appeared in the online version of Business Week titled, “Dubai’s desert dream ends” by Stanley Reed about the recent crisis in the emirate of Dubai. The crisis has to do with how Dubai has asked for a “standstill” on the money owed by Dubai World which is a state-owned conglomerate of the Dubai Inc. group of companies. The emirate of Dubai was asking creditors to wait until May before they could be paid the debt of around $80 Billion that Dubai world owes. This past week has seen this news from Dubai hit the financial world like a bombshell. The timing of this announcement could not have been worse for a global economy that is just recovering from a serious crisis precipitated by the collapse of the sub-prime market leading to the bankruptcy of the investment bank, Lehman Brothers. As many commentators noted, this was like a jolt to an already jittery financial system. The article makes this point as well when it states, “The timing was horrendous, coming on the eve of an Islamic holiday, as well as the U.S. Thanksgiving. Worried investors—who only recently had begun putting new money into Dubai on the presumption that the worst was over—scrambled for information.” (Reid 14) The point to note here is that investors around the world were thinking that the worst was over for Dubai. Little did they anticipate that there was more trouble to come
Background information and theory To manage strategic change effectively, Hill and Jones (2008) state that the management in an organisation needs to determine that change is indeed necessary. Additionally, the managers must identify the type of strategic change ideal for its situation, in addition to identifying the obstacles it is likely to encounter while implementing the change. The company’s senior management must also determine the best ways to manage and evaluate change. In an ideal business scenario, businesses get to choose from three possible forms of strategic change namely, reengineering changes, restructuring changes, and innovative changes. In most companies, reengineering strategic changes are adopted as part of organisation restructuring actions. Specifically, reengineering changes are put in place when a company is seeking to differentiate its operations or products from other players in the market. Alternatively, reengineering changes can be used to integrate the operations of a company in order to improve organisational performance. Reengineering changes are also viable where the management is seeking to downsize its workforce or streamline its operations in order to achieve an identified organisational objective. In the first step, the management determines there is a need for change by: i) recognising that a gap exists between the company’s desired results and the actual performance; ii) analyzing the company’s current position; and iii) determining how best the company can attain the desired results (Hill and Jones, 2008). In the second step, the management needs to determine specific obstacles that the company may experience while implementing strategic change. According to Hill and Jones (2008), organisations usually face corporate, divisional, individual, or functional obstacles when implementing changes. In the last two steps identified by Hill and Jones (2008), managers must determine how well the identified strategic changes are going to be managed and evaluated. Specifically, managers responsible for implementing strategic change must decide who between internal managers and external consultants are best suited to spearhead the change efforts. While doing this, Hill and Jones (2008), note that the managers must balance between the need to have independent views presented by external consultants and the knowledge possessed by internal managers on the operations of the company. Strategic recommendations for Arkas New market According to Bhatt and Troutt (2005), change in any organisation “involves bringing about desired choices and usually involves stopping, starting or modif
Introduction This work aims to compare two texts in the respect of linguistic tools used. For this task, we have selected two texts, one written and one spoken. Both texts were taken from the Internet media sites and report the case of a Northwest Airlines officer who recently failed to deliver his plane to the destination point. The texts express the mentioned idea and also tell about the reasons for the issue. The written text is 500 words in length, and the spoken text is 540 words in length. Using the frameworks and tools which we learned during the trimester, we will compare the two texts in terms of linguistics. Namely, we will analyze the form of each text, its texture, cohesion, and discourse (Paltridge, 150). Analysis of the written text Form The written text is performed in the form of an article and is written in the publicist style. The character is very informative and is determined by the target readers. The plot is told in a deductive way; in other words, the story is built on a model “from specific to general”. The structure of the text is rather unclear, as there is no distinct introductory section; in addition, the body is subdivided into dozens of paragraphs, and it is hard to define the key idea. However, the conclusion is quite distinct. Texture The text is coherent, which means that the article is semantically meaningful. The coherence is achieved by using different elements, such as anaphora, cataphora, deixis, etc. As an example, we can analyze such sentences: The first officer of the Northwest Airlines jet that missed its destination by 150 miles says there was no fight in the cockpit, neither he nor the captain had fallen asleep and the passengers were never in any danger (Cain, 1). In this sentence, the word “he” is anaphoric and refers to the officer. Another example is: Airplanes lose contact with the ground people all the time. It happens. Sometimes they get together right away; sometimes it takes a while before one or the other notices that they are not in contact. In this case, the anaphoric expressions “they”, “one”, “another” are used to substitute the nouns “airplanes” and “ground people”. Air traffic controllers and pilots tried for more than an hour Wednesday night to contact Cole and the flight’s captain , Timothy B. Cheney, of Gig Harbor, Wash., using radio, cell phone, and data messages (Cain, 1). In this sentence, the word “captain” is cataphoric and is used before the name of the character. Similarly to this case, the cataphora is used in the next sentence: But in an interview with The Associated Press two days after he and a colleague blew past their destination as air traffic controlled tried frantically to reach them, pilot Richard Cole would not say just what it was that led to them to forget to land Flight 188 (Cain, 1). I would tell you more, but I’ve already told you way too much (Cain, 1). In this sentence, “you” is a person deictic term, which denotes the person who is not directly involved in the conversation. The other example of the deixis is: But I can tell you that airplanes lose contact with the ground people all the time (Cain, 1). Beside
Adultery has always been one of the most complicated issues concerning the relationships between a man and a woman. Surprisingly, this topic passed the time-testing and still evokes quite considerable conflicts and debates. With countless interpretations in literature and other arts, this problem and everything that it triggers has been depicted in the most colorful way in The Scarlet Letter , the novel by Hawthorne and in No Name Woman , the short story by Kingston. Compared to the novel by Hawthorne, Kingston’s short novel shows that nothing has changed since the times when women were branded for committing adultery – the society is still just as deaf and blind, unwilling to sympathize with the others and realize the difficulties which those people had to pass through. Taking a closer look at the way Hawthorne depicts the tortures of the poor woman, one can see clearly that people are attacking the fallen one with the savage-like amusement. Though this can be explained by the cruel and uncompromising spirit of the ear, it is still hard to believe that the false morals and the environment created by the church influenced people so hard and squeezed the last drops of sympathy out of their hearts. There is definitely more than meets the eye in these violent attacks and the scornful negligence of the poor Hester Prynne. As the storyteller mentions, the people in Salem were eagerly accusing the young woman without even trying to understand what happened indeed. With their striving for what they call “justice”, the people of Salem forget about humanity and sympathy: “Man had marked this woman’s sin by a scarlet letter, which had such potent and disastrous efficacy that no human sympathy could reach her, save it were sinful like herself” (108). The book shows clearly that the treatment of adultery was more than intolerance – it bordered hatred and despise. With the pathetic morals and even more pathetic attempts to seem virtuous, these people accused the victim, knowing no mercy. As Lawson claims, “I have also suggested that a woman, not being a public persona , has not had a reputation either to protect or display in the same way. Yet her reputation was never completely un important” (302). As the plot of the story unwinds in front of the reader, it becomes more and more evident that the most ardent adepts of virtue turn out to be the most sinful people. However, it cannot be denied that the rejection, which she was constantly getting, did have an effect on her vision of the world – it became blurred and almost grey, like a sky on a rainy day. Hester’s refusal to search for compassion and her unwillingness to feel the joy of life once again is what the stings of the spiteful tongues led her to: Women desire a pleasure, incomprehensible to the other sex, from the delicate toil of the needle. To Hester Prynne it might have been a mode of expressing, and therefore soothing, the passion of her life. Like all other joys, she rejected it as sin. (Hawthorne 102) Because of the strain which Hester cannot help feeling, she becomes more and more desperate. As sh