ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Teaching is very vital in the learning process. The success of effective teaching is greatly dependent on the characteristics possessed by the person providing teaching services. This paper discusses characteristics of learning process and also provides statements of self-evaluation criteria for the characteristics. Characteristics that you feel are most important for effective teaching The first characteristic of effective learning is being able to establish parameters. The teachers define the tasks in a very clear manner and set high levels of anticipations and for students’ behavior and learning. The teachers should be able to set parameters within which students can achieve effective learning, meet set expectations and generate outcome. The established parameters should be measurable; have the ability to be appraised. The self evaluation criteria are by way of measuring how students are performing within the teacher’s set teach
The power determines the ability of a leader to influence the actions or decisions made within the company. The concepts of leadership and taxonomy are directly related and it is necessary to analyze them to be able to understand the different ways leaders can gain power. The researchers’ John French and Bertram Raven (as cited in Elias, 2008) identified five main sources of power, which are “reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent” (p. 270). It is crucial to consider each type separately to understand their nature and their effect on the working environment. The first type of power defined by the researchers is referred to as legitimate. The legitimate authority can be assigned to the person following his or her position in the formal structure of the organization (Elias, 2008). The second type is the power based on coercion; French and Raven determined it as an authority gained by the fear provoked in an individual. They believed that a person reacts to this power through the prism of the fear of negative consequences that are possible in the case of disobedience. It is based on the use (or the threat of) sanctions. The third type of authority based on the reward as opposed to the coercive power and they are mutually exclusive. For instance, the workers will agree to meet the settled requirement as it will provide them with certain benefits; thus, a person who attributes rewards valuable for other people has the power over them. In the context of an organization, the reward is usually money, high-performance evaluation indicators, career opportunities, comfortable work shifts, and so on (Elias, 2008). The power based on coercion and reward power is opposed indeed. If the leader deprives an individual of something worthy, he or she applies the power based on coercion. If, on the contrary, the leader assigns something evaluated positively, he or she utilizes the reward power approach. The fourth type of power is the expert authority. It is expressed in the influence that a person can gain due to his or her distinct skills, knowledge or experience. In recent years, as a consequence of rapid technological progress, this type of power has become strong in various organizations that are in demand for highly-qualified specialists in this sphere (Elias, 2008). The fifth category defined by French and Raven is the referent power. The power of this type lies in the specific abilities and personal characteristics of individuals. These two types of power are not fully mutually exclusive. It is due to their different degrees of abstraction. The concept of taxonomy altered over the years. The reward power was divided into individual and depersonalized forms. The same rule was applied to the coercive form of power. Regarding the legitimate authority, the researchers have made distinctions between several types of it. The category started including such notions as dependence, position, interaction, an
Summary of the ACA Advocacy Competencies The ACA advocacy competencies are clustered into 9 sub-groups depending on the level of application and the target population in societies. The domains are very important because they define the actions of the counselor and the target groups within the public space. Such components include client/student empowerment or advocacy, community collaboration, system advocacy, collective action, and social/political advocacy. Notably, each fragment has distinctive attributes and roles played by the counselor at every level. These competencies define the relationships between the professionals and their clients in different environments. The counselor has a central role in enhancing public awareness and effecting change through their actions at each cadre of competency. These values seem distinctive from one category to the other. For instance, the necessary knowledge and skills for a client/student empowerment/advocacy is unique to such set of surrounding. The key aspects used in classification include the extent of client involvement and the level of advocacy intervention required for success. These two dimensions intersect to provide the domains described within the premise of operation. Title and Summary of the Legislative Issue The title for the legislative issue is “Tele-behavioral health for states.” This issue is a new concept in counseling sector that emanated from the implications of Covid-19. It provides guidelines on how to use technology to communicate during emergencies and crises within the state. As a result, it provides a well-designed letter to spearhead the decisional model used by counselors to reach different stakeholders in effecting public awareness. Letter   * Data___________________   * The Honorable __________   * Office of the Governor   * Full Street Address City,   * State Zip code   * Dear Governor __________, On behalf of all the registered members of our state counseling association, with due diligence hereby respectful submit our concerns for inclusion of the new policy of tele-health behavioral framework to guide the operations of our people during the current global pandemic. In essence, we would like to express our gratitude to the federal government and our state for steadfast leadership that has seen prompt response to Covid-19. As a body, we need e
Introduction Childhood pneumonia is a disease that still claims many lives, especially in developing countries. This paper will discuss how technology can be used in the future to improve the diagnosis of pneumonia hence enabling parents to take their children to healthcare centers before the disease gets to a critical stage. The paper will also discuss the technological infrastructure needed for such technology to work, and will also indicate the social structures that might be needed for the technology to be successful. Overall, the paper argues that with the right social structures, and technological infrastructure, the specific technology innovation discussed in this paper can be used to improve early diagnosis of pneumonia hence decreasing pneumonia-related deaths, especially among children. Pneumonia Detecting Technology Pneumonia is a disease that affects the lungs, and its symptoms include rapid breathing, nasal congestion, labored breathing, fever coughs and chills among other symptoms. Usually, parents who have no medical knowledge confuse pneumonia symptoms with other diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract. The gadgets will be made in the USA by combining different chest congestion-detecting, temperature reading, and breathing-detecting features. The development and manufacture of the device will be financed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Bank. Consequently, beneficiary countries in the developing world will receive the technological devices free of any charges. The devices will be easy to use, hardy, and portable. Additionally, the technology device will have a switch-on button that will be pressed whenever a parent needs to use the gadget. The gadget will be used to detect a child’s breathing patterns, body temperature, and chest congestion, and will be configured to alert the parents when a child needs to be rushed to the emergency room (ER). Specifically, the technology device will have two different lights. A red light will signal the need to take the child to the ER, and a blue light will indicate a low pneumonia risk. Notably, the gadget will not substitute a doctor’s diagnosis; rather, it will be used to enhance the rate at which parents seek medical attention for their children who are at a high risk of pneumonia infections. Parents in developing countries do not even know the possibility of a pneumonia-detecting device exists. However, as Diamond (242), not every technological invention has to respond to an identified need. Arguably, the fact that pneumonia-related deaths remain high is an indication that something needs to be done. Since the solution to lowering pneumonia-related deaths is not necessarily dependent on the invention of a technological device that detects the disease, Diamond (242) is seemingly right in his argument that “invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than the vice versa.” In other words, parents in developing countries may become aware of the need or necessity of the device, only after it had dev
The US government has been trying to fight the problem of homelessness but in vain. This is mainly because of lack of clear policymaking processes. This paper analyses previous policies made by the state and how they were applied. Importance of the Topic Many people in the US are dispossessed to an extent of lacking basic commodities such as food, shelter, education and clothing. Confirmed reports suggest that some individuals practically compete with rodents for food in streets, which give stakeholders and government a great responsibility of formulating policies to end the ugly situation. Homelessness is a very important concept because of several reasons. One is that shelter is a basic need and turns up to be a human right. Any government that fails to protect its citizens against hazardous conditions should cease to exist. The major role of any government is to provide security, safety and create opportunities for self-fulfillment in the society. Even though the government cannot offer shelter to its citizens directly, it must come up with well-placed policies that guarantee individual development (Kusmer, 2003). A good regime must cater for people’s needs since it exists to serve citizens. Public servants are people’s employees because they earn their living through public money. They have a responsibility of assisting citizens to sustain their lives by providing better policies. This topic is important because many governments have failed or tumbled due to negligence. People cannot be suffering while they pay taxes to the government. Homelessness creates a bad picture to the state’s image abroad. A state cannot achieve its interests abroad because of the poor status of its citizens. In other words, solving the problem of homelessness puts the state in an advantaged position both within and abroad. Key Stak
Introduction Sexual deviants refer to people who exhibit sexual deviation such that they do not conform to the sexual norms stipulated by the society. In the past a number of sexual behaviors were considered as sexual deviance while currently this may not be so. A case in point is homosexuality which was regarded as a form of sexual deviant however it is not since a number of states in the world accept homosexuals and they even legalize same sex marriages. The presence of sexual deviants in the society could be as a result of the environment they have grown in which they are socialized to become sexual deviants (Munroe & Gauvain, 2001). There are various types of sexual deviants who range from rapists, pedophiles, prostitutes and exhibitionists. Different explanations have come up on the causes of sexual deviants and they range from psychological explanations and social explanations. Several theories have been advanced to explain the presence of sexual deviants. The aim of this study is to establish the reason as to why there are sexual deviants in the society with an aim of treating the sexual deviants (Munroe and Gauvain, 2001). Types of sexual deviants There are various types of sexual deviants namely: pedophiles, prostitutes, exhibitionists, masochists, rapists and fetishists. Pedophiles refer to people who engage in sex with a child (Everything, 2011). In most cases the pedophiles victims are either relatives or friends. If the perpetrator is an extreme pedophile he or she may resort to killing the victim to avoid exposure. Prostitutes refer to men or women who have sex for financial gains. Exhibitionists on the other hand refer to people, who expose their genitals in public in order to obtain sexual gratification. Masochists refer to people who engage in sexual activity with objects (Munroe & Gauvain, 2001). Fetishisms use items like bra’s and women’s underwear and shoes for sexual gratification. The type of sexual deviance in frotteurism includes touching and applying friction against people who have not given any consent (Everything, 2011). Sexual deviants like voyeurs observe unsuspecting individuals as they undress or as they engage in sexual activity (Munroe & Gauvain, 2001). Rapists refer to people who utilize force to sexually assault their victim. In this case they obtain pleasure by forcefully assaulting their victims sexually. The perpetrators seem to hate women or suffer from certain sexual problems (Everything, 2011). Causes of sexual deviance Differential- association theory Edwin Sutherland was credited for coming up with this theory in order to tackle the issue of how people learn deviance. This theory stipulates that one’s surrounding has a great impact on the way people behave in reference to the laid down norms such that people may decide to violate certain norms according to the laid down norms. According to this theory individuals learn about the existing norms in society from the various socializing agent who include; family, peers, co- workers, leader as well as the media. In reality this is
Executive Summary This marketing plan aims at designing and offering options for reaching the primary strategic objective of Apple – increasing the sales of the new iPhone 7 and improving the company’s position in both the United States and global smartphone market. The significance of this plan is defended with the recent challenges faced by the company. As sales volumes decreased significantly over time and large market share is occupied by either cheaper smartphones or those produced by major rivals such as Samsung, Apple should pay specific attention to advertising its new product and winning back consumers. In order to have a better understanding of this action plan, it is imperative to realize that Apple operates in a highly competitive business environment that has undergone significant changes. The most troubling trend in this environment is the rise of competitors that offer both cheap and luxury alternatives to iPhone. Some examples of rivals are Xiaomi and Samsung that have vast potential to outperform Apple iPhone 7 and satisfy different needs of consumers. It means that even though iPhone is still one of the most desirable brands in the smartphone market, it should pay significant attention to upgrading its marketing strategy and outplaying competitors. As for now, the numerical expression of the set objective is to cross the 5% threshold of domestic and international sales compared to the sales outcomes of the previous years. This goal is set in order to guarantee the growth of the company and the increase of its market share in the smartphone sector. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive strategic approach is proposed. The foundation of this approach is a marketing action plan designed for eight months from the release of iPhone 7 to launching the marketing campaign of the subsequent smartphone. This marketing strategy aims at targeting both current iPhone users and those who use either rival products or ordinary cell phones. The primar
The details of the experience My experience of a bad leadership was when I was a member of a project management team made up of fifteen members. The team ran out of its allocated budget funds and had to scale back on its spending to finish the project within the stipulated time. However, the team leader was not straightforward with team members on realizing that the only way to complete the project was by cutting stipend costs for the team as maximally as possible to leave the project development budget intact. The reductions of team member compensation lead to a dip in morale that negatively influenced work performance. The realization that the team leader had deliberately influenced the pay cut without consulting team members brought a new dispute within the team of the role of the leader in shaping up the working environment of the team. Unfortunately, instead of dialoguing with team members, the team leader dismissed their claims and request and chose to quell further misgivings in the team by releasing complainants from the team. As a result, the project completion delayed and the final quality did not meet the expected standards. An analysis of the leadership behavior The leadership behavior described in the above experience is autocratic. In this case, the leader did not want any team member to voice concerns that are against the leader
Executive summary The crisis in Syria has persisted for more than four years. Despite a series of global attempts to end the internal unrest in Syria, little success has been recorded. One of the reasons for the little success has been attributed to the double standard of Russia, which is a member of the United Nation’s Security Council. The Moscow administration has indicated a strong influence over the crisis in Syria. For instance, Russia single-handedly changed the UN resolution of military attack on the Assad’s administration. At the same time, Russia was part of the team that facilitated removal and destruction of the chemical weapons in Syria. Thus, it is important to review the reasons behind the strong influence which Russia has on the crisis in Syria. The paper examines the historical, economic, political, and ideological relationships between Russia and Syria. Besides, the paper explores the possible reasons for the persistence of the crisis as influenced by the above factors. Through quantitative research, the paper employs secondary data in establishing the influence of Russia on the Syrian crisis. Introduction Research background The Syrian crisis is in its fourth year, despite several efforts by the international community for reconciliation. Over the four years of the crisis, Russia and Iran have continued to openly support the position of the Syrian government that is led by Assad. For instance, Russia showed its influence in Syria during the planning and organization of the second Geneva conference in the year 2012 (Lea, par. 8). Unlike the United States, which failed to bring all the Syrian rebel factions to the negotiation table, Russia was very successful in accomplishing its role in convincing the Syrian government to attend the peace negotiation. In fact, the Syrian government side was represented by a high ranking team consisting of the powerful Minister of Foreign Affairs called Walid Muallem and other top government officials. Russia has played a double role of being a facilitator and a wrecker in the Syrian crisis. Russia blocked the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council but is currently part of the team facilitating the removal and destruction of the chemical weapons in Syria (Barry, par. 9). This research proposal will attempt to establish the underlying factors which have made Russia to command a strong influence in the Syrian crisis. The paper will explore the economic, ideological, and political relationship between Russia and Assad’s government. Statement of significance Und
Abstract The study focused on determining the influence of internet retail-service quality on the ability of consumers to make a repeat purchase. The originality of this study was assured through the collection and analysis of primary data from the selected respondents. The objective of this research was determining the influence of internet-retail service quality on consumer repurchase intention. The research used quantitative methods. The data was analyzed using mathematical tools. The findings revealed that internet-retail service quality plays a critical role in defining the level of customers’ satisfaction whenever they make online purchases. According to the findings, the level of customers’ satisfaction with online purchases is likely to influence their perception of this new retail platform. The perception they develop influences their ability to repurchase products using online platforms. For that reason, online retailers should develop a proper understanding of the factors that influence service quality in the online platform. Introduction Electronic commerce, popularly known as e-commerce, has gained popularity in modern society as the emerging technologies continue to define the way of life. About two decades ago, brick-and-mortar was the primary mode through which consumers would purchase what they needed. They had to physically visit the retail outlet, identify what they need, make the required payments, and pick items from retailers. However, the brick-and-mortar model of business is giving way to a new model, the e-commerce model. Increasing developments in the field of information and communication technology have created a platform where people can sell and buy various products online. When Amazon.com started its operations focusing on selling and renting books, many people did not understand the concept properly. However, the events that followed have demonstrated that the concept was well-timed and very appropriate in modern society. Today, the Internet retail industry has experienced massive growth not only in the developed but also in developing countries. A report by Agarwal, Selen, Roos, and Green (2015) showed that in 2014, online shopping accounted for 7.5% of the total retail expenditure, estimated to be about $1.67 trillion. In New Zealand, the internet retail industry has become very popular, especially among the middle working-class people. Major retail outlets that traditionally operated brick-and-mortar stores were forced to offer their products in the o