ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The main aim of this study was to assess the participation of the elderly in tourism activities. The study focused on the tourism sector of Thailand. The study explored various factors that motivated the elderly tourists to travel, in line with main objective. The study explored elaborate on the various forms of economic impact analysis with regard to inbound tourism. The study relied on primary data using structured questions to explain the main objective and the data was analysed using statistical tools like SPSS, and ANOVA analysis. The study found out that the top three travel motivation factors for the elderly tourists were: rest and relaxation; visit to new places; and learning and experiencing new things. Consequently, the results further indicate that the least important travel requirements that were considered by the elderly tourists were: hotel accessibility and disability features. Introduction The population of the elderly has continued to rise in the recent past as a result of technological changes that have transformed the health sector. These improvements have increased the life expectancy age in several countries, and as a result, those who are aged 60 years or more constitute 11 percent of the world’s total population. Actually, it is projected that come the year 2050, the figure will reach 20 percent (Hall, 2006, p. 15). In some countries for instance Germany, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, at least one third of the entire population is expected to be aged 60 years or more within a time span of less than 20 years (Dann, 2001, p. 239). Indeed, the elderly population especially in the advanced countries usually participates in tourism activities due to the fact that they are already retired, thus, they have adequate time available for them to travel. In addition, the size of the elderly population has been expanding over the years and many of them have the desire to travel across the world. The higher purchasing power of the elderly population has also enabled them to participate in tourism activities. Their higher purchasing power can be attributed to the high level of income that they have saved during their working life (You & O’Leary, 1999, p. 23). Many of the elderly population are healthy, educated, have sufficient income and enjoy a longer lifespan. This has motivated them to engage in tourism activities, for instance travelling and other leisure activities (Sellick & Muller, 2004, p. 201). The tourism business is highly boosted by the time flexibility of the elderly population; therefore, it does not really suffer from occasional fluctuations with regard to demand for tourism services (Jang & Wu, 2006, p. 309). With regard to this, very many studies have pointed out that the main market segment for tourism is the elderly population (Shoemaker, 2000, p. 17; Horneman et al., 2002, p. 26; Bai et al., 2001, p. 152). In the advanced economies, tourism in the fastest growing sector. Tourism creates massive employment opportunities and at the same ti
In the modern world, along with the development of society, new problems that need to be addressed arise. At the same time, it is essential to understand that modern problems require modern solutions as well. One such solution is volunteering, designed to improve society, help develop it from within, and bring moral values to the masses. Volunteers are people who, of their own free will and without compensation, devote their time and energy to help those in need. Nevertheless, there is a view that volunteering is the exploitation of free labor of workers and a waste of time since such delivery is not paid. Those who hold this view are usually convinced that there are professionals who should do some work for money in any field. Others should be engaged either in training or in their professional activities. Another argument is that it takes up a lot of a person’s time that could be spent on more valuable activities. This point of view is not correct, and it is necessary to analyze why. The question about why people are interested in volunteer work has its answer. It is necessary to analyze five main reasons why volunteering is a tangible and popular way of work, even though it is often free. First, it is connected with interest as volunteering helps realize new emotions’ needs, desire to learn something new, and excitement. Second, it is the inculcation of values and moral norms to society. For many people, the incentive to volunteer is the desire to do good deeds and to bring benefit and joy to people in need. Third, socialization which provides communication and company and doing volunteer work for most teens become a source of new acquaintances and friends. People find like-minded people in their desire to help pro bono. Such communities greatly help students feel the importance of their actions, their voice, and encourage them to be more active and responsible. Fourth, external incentives are the motivators for receiving all sorts of stimuli, certificates, benefits, and other bonuses. However, this does not mean that such people are not driven by good intentions and do their work without a soul. Finally, volunteering helps with development and professional interest; as such, work permits navigating the world of work and learning many social and communication skills. In addition, for many people, volunteering is a way to apply and develop their talents. In Canada, the institution of volunteerism is well-developed and has a firm basis. By examining the statistics on the percentage of society engaged in volunteerism, it appears that it is 47% as of 2010 (Statistics Canada, 2015). In addition, this figure is constantly growing, since by comparing this percentage with, for exampl
In Of Human Bondage , the author provides a historical overview of the bond market origins. Due to the writing, the idea of bond marketing evolved as a reaction of separate governments to the crisis of money flows. Thus, bond usage represents a strategy of borrowing costs from external sources such as foreign banks and institutions. The method is described as a payoff of numerous war expenditures. For instance, the author refers to several historical events that became the proponents of bonding. Mainly, the wars between Florence, Siena, and Pisa are mentioned. In this way, the issues of non-productivity of military actions and its influences on the finance descend are brought up. Moreover, the author regards the story of the celebrated dynasty of Rothschilds, which was the most influential bond sponsor of military procedures that took place in Europe in the 19 th century. Their investments brought the budget of Great Britain on a new level. The author reflects on the crisis of American bond marketing by claiming that the Confederate investments, which were implied to be a step to staging bonds, turned out to be the initiators of inflation and military disruption. Finally, the book dwells on bonding as a promoter of the oligarchy that followed the appearance of French rentiers. The author concludes the chapter with a description of the technology revolution as a factor that reduced inflation and stabilized global finance. Due to the Blowing Bubbles, the next stage of money ascending was the creation of companies and joint stocks. Due to the desperate financial status that was adopted by France, this country became the first to experience the “bubble” strategy. The author refers to the creation of stocks as to the revolutionary invention that allowed selling ownership and survived the challenging periods of World Wars. The article Safe as Houses recounts the fundamental principles of property ownership ascending in the English-speaking world. In this context, the author implies that the innovation that arose at the time of the Great Depression served as a proponent of money loaning. Moreover, the link between the political processes
Introduction Ethnic cleansing can be defined as the exclusion of an unwanted section of a population. An acknowledgeable example of ethnic cleansing is the dispersal and annihilation of the North American population which was motivated by the desire to gain and secure frontier which involved the cleansing of Indians from their lands and also the Holocausts. Ethnic cleansing can take different forms and can be actualized through including forced settlement, deportation, expulsion, massacre, genocide, immediate extermination and transfer of population. It is a desire to purify a particular nation of aliens as was the case for the Nazi campaign to throw out Jews. Another form of ethnic cleansing is the one that took place in the Czechoslovakia where the government under the consent of Stalin, ordered the expulsion of approximately 30,000 Hungarians in 1945. Also the Soviet Union cleansed approximately 600,000 people from those regions that they had proved unreliable in the war like the Karachaev part of northern Caucasus. Consequently, at the time of war, the Crimean Tartars requested the government of Romania to exterminate all the Russians in peninsula that remained after the war but when that appeal was turned down the tartars arranged a Russian massacre. There is also economic cleansing which was introduced by Stalin in Russia and Maoist in China. Ethnic cleansing of this nature involves the removal of the propertied class and the elimination of parasitic groups (Bell-Fialkoff, n.d). Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide Ethnic cleansing is soft word for genocide and both words are mutually exclusive. The difference between the two words is that ethnic cleansing involves driving out a population whereas genocide involves an intention to destroy an entire population. Genocide can also apply to both where they can destroy a particular part of the population and terrorize particular population into flight and forced migration (Blum, Stanton, Sagi, Richter, 2008). Another difference between the two terms is that genocide is the systematic and widespread destruction of particular segment of the population or specific group of people, ethnic cleansing on the other hand is understood as the removal of a specific part of the population through either genocide or expulsions. Ethnic cleansing is considered as an action to create an ethnically uniform territory through deportation or forcible transfer of the population and it can be by force or intimidation. It involves the removal a particular targeted group, it is a purposeful policy. The holocaust and the Rwandan genocide are two cases that are
There is no doubt that every person living on the Earth has his or her own fears. Despite the fact that people usually try to avoid such situations and objects that make their blood turn to ice, horror films and thrillers remain extremely popular due to the fact that they allow people to have an adrenaline buzz without taking part in the events that may involve a real harm to their health. Speaking about this genre, it is important to note that the success of a certain movie is strictly interconnected with the proper choice of the ways to depict characters and show contrasts between them in order to create necessary effect. The particular movie that I would like to discuss is It directed by Wallace twenty-seven years ago. In this movie, such characters as Pennywise, Mike Hanlon, played by two different actors, and Georgie are used in order to create the special mood and demonstrate this unequal struggle between a powerful creature and defenseless children. Nowadays, there are a lot of people who would say that Pennywise does not look like a creature capable of frightening them out of existence. Despite that, when the given movie appeared, horror films with strangely looking characters were not very common in many countries, and this is why it really worked. Pennywise is one of the forms of It, an ancient malignant demon stealing souls of children. This character appears in many scenes of the movie and its actions help to highlight the force imbalance existing between it and children; looking like a clown, Pennywise is able to attract chil
In recent decades, there have been many improvements in the situation of discriminated and marginalized communities, but there are still many issues that have not been solved and many barriers that have not been destroyed. Race relations is a vivid example, with the Black Lives Matter movement drawing attention to bias and injustice still widespread in our society. These problems can become particularly noticeable during the times of uncertainty and agitation, such as recent elections or the COVID-19 crisis – this is why they should be widely discussed. Race relationship saw dramatic changes compared to the times of racial segregation, with the greatest steps towards equality having been made in the second half of the 20 th century. The law forbids any kind of discrimination based on an individual’s race and ethnicity, meaning equal opportunities in education, employment, healthcare, and all other aspects of social life. However, the problem in race relationship lies not in the legal domain – but in biases and prejudices still strong in many people maintaining institutionalized racism. It is the main problem that contributes to the fact that despite the law being on the side of Black people, they are still the ones who are arrested on the streets more often and who are more frequently found guilty. It is precisely why while maternity deaths in America are decreasing, the greatest number of victims are still Black mothers (Chuck, 2020). It is because of these biases people act suspicious, hostile, or negligent towards African-American, Hispanic, or Asian people. In fact, according to the 2019 statistics, large proportions of people in the USA believe that race relations are actually getting worse, with many connecting the trend to the policies of Trump’s administration (Horowitz et al., 2019). Majorities of whites and blacks admit that blacks “are treated less fairly when dealing with the police or the criminal justice system” (Horowitz et al., 2019). These are among many other problems that still make difficult lives of African-American people. To conclude, while it is hard to firmly claim that race relations in America have gotten worse because there are different historical points the current situation can be compared with, one can definitely say that there are many areas that should be improved. The Black Lives Matter movement’s most important goal is to attract attention to the problems experienced by the African-American community and raise awareness. It is highly important to fight biases that lead to discrimination.
Reason for choice of topic The subject of childhood caries has raised a lot of concerns over the past years. Early childhood caries refer to a situation whereby children have missing, decayed or even filed tooth surfaces between the early months of birth up to 72 months (Javed, Feng, & Kopycka-Kedzierawski, 2016; Ezer, Swoboda, & Farkouh, 2010). The choice of this topic was informed by the fact that early childhood caries cases have increased over the recent years. Childhood caries is a serious health problem. Nevertheless, there is still lack of awareness among many people on the problem of early childhood caries. As such, a research on this topic will provide more insights for better understanding of the problem of early childhood caries. Related studies Several studies have been carried out on the subject of early childhood caries. For example, Ezer, Swoboda, and Farkouh (2010) in their study on early childhood caries revealed that ECC has become a serious issue as far as the health of children and infants is concerned. ECC is common in children at the age of five (Ezer, Swoboda, & Farkouh, 2010). Even though cares of caries prevalence have decreased in the recent years, there is an increase in the prevalence of decay among young children between two and five years of age. Javed, Feng, and Kopycka-Kedzierawshi (2016) conducted a similar study on childhood caries. However, the focus of this study was on measuring the effects as well as costs associated with the prevention of dental caries among young children. This study found out that the development of caries was followed by pain. A study by Dülgergil et al. (2013) focused on the causes of early childhood caries, diagnosis as well as treatment. This study found out childhood caries has become a global concern considering that the effects of dental caries can be immediate as well as long-term. Such consequences can be felt in both the economic and social aspects on the affected individuals. Hypothesis and Research Question Research questions and hypotheses are common aspects of research project, which play a significant role in ensuring that research aims and objectives are achieved. A research question refers to a question that guides a research project. Any research project is developed based on formulated research questions that the researcher seeks to answer. As such, research questions determined the methodology to be adopted in any study. For example, in the case of the proposed study on childhood caries, the following research questions might be used:   * What is the reported incidence of early childhood caries?   * Are there any consequences of untreated dental caries in children?   * Is there are a probability that infants suffering from dental caries will experience primary and permanent dentitions?   * Is there a significant relationship between early childhood caries and breastfeeding? On the other hand, a research hypothesis can be defined as a statement that is used to relate various variables in a study. Often, research hypotheses are derived from formulated res
Introduction Columbus is one of Ohio’s big eight cities that define its economy. Ohio’s economy is ranked 8th among other states in the USA. It had a GDP of $ 484 billion in the year 2011 having presented 3.2% of the total GDP in the USA. This represented a 0.5% decline as compared to the 3.7% figure witnessed 10 years earlier. Ohio’s economy grows at a slower rate as compared to the US average. However, Columbus’s leadership has great plans for the city. A professional team led by a board of directors is responsible for gearing the city towards its visionary goals. The strategy is supported by an efficient funding model that includes private investors and the local government. Interviews conducted on over 500 companies revealed that Columbus was indeed on the correct path towards sustained economic development. Companies had to give their opinions concerning challenges and opportunities (Columbus 2020 2). Analysis The leadership vision makes the city a potential place for investors. In respect to the economic development, the leadership intends to ensure the following:   * the existing companies are retained, and potential investors are encouraged to make further investment, leveraging entrepreneurs and research assets of the region;   * there is a positive business environment due to improved political conditions and the civic infrastructure. The available economic sectors that have reported tremendous performance in the region encompass manufacturing, logistics, Science and Technology, agribusiness, International Business, and Business Services (Columbus 2020 9). Following the leadership’s support for economic development, many business corporations will be added to its economy. The organizations will ultimately require lawn services. As a result, it is logical to set up a lawn care company that would be responsible for the provision of lawn care services to these corporations. Demographic Information Columbus has exhibited a strong growth trend in regard to its population. By 2010, it had a population of 787,033 individuals. It has a strong economic base comprising of approximately 26,503 businesses that have created 547,565 jobs to the residents. Just like any other city, the demographic factors that have influenced the city’s population include births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. In Ohio, Columbus is the only city that has displayed a positive increment in its population. For instance, comparing 711,470 in 2000 to 787,033 people in 2010, the city has reached a 10% population increment. This is contrary to the negative trends witnessed in the remaining seven cities of the state. Columbus was ranked fifteenth among US cities according to the 2010 census. The influx of workforce in the city exceeds the exit rate. As a result, establish
Introduction Carrefour is a French retailer operating in several countries in the world. Its biggest markets are situated in Asia and South America. However, the country operates outlets in Europe, particularly France. The retailer has also been a case of success since it is the second biggest retail company in the world. Several strategies have made Carrefour’s success possible. On the other hand, the company also suffers some problems that threaten its dominance in the retail business. In general, Carrefour has been one of the most successful retailers in the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries. How is a strategic plan defined and what examples can you provide the board from your chosen company? A Strategic plan is a detailed outline of the future intentions of an organization. This outline analyzes the position of the business entity in question. In addition, it defines the measures that are to be applied by the business entity in order to move in the desired direction (Grünig & Kühn 54). Thus, the strategic plan is the company’s definition of the activities to be undertaken in order to achieve the goals of the organization. It includes the policies that the company intends to use in order to attain its goals. The policies are related to management of finance, human resources, suppliers, and the relationships between the organization and its customers (Grünig & Kühn 49). Strategic plan defines the general direction of the business. Furthermore, the strategic plan must take into account the current progress and the reasons for the particular progress. This way, the business is able to model its activities to suit its intended direction. Recently, Carrefour Group has been experiencing problems with the state of its publicity. The company has been doing well in terms of profit, and the latest survey shows that it is the third biggest profit maker in the retail business (Staertzel 119). However, the business enterprise needs to improve its human resource management. In addition, the retailer needs to monitor its outlets regarding many unethical practices causing negative publicity. Some of the complaints from the public are false advertisements and unfair competition by the retailer. Improvement of the image of the company should be the top agenda in the company’s business. In turn, this will ensure that the company maintains high volume of sales. How is strategic management defined and what examples can you provide the board from your chosen company? Strategic management involves assessment of the ability of an organization’s management to perform its basic functions to the satisfaction of the stakeholders of the company (Lynch 9). The utilization of the organization’s resources is evaluated to determine the level of conformity of the management to the organization’s values and goals. Strategic management is important since it determines whether the organization is going to achieve its objectives or not. For the management to accomplish its mission, it must satisfy the planned objectives regarding all stakeholders such as customers, employees, and even shareholders. Strategic management is the