ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Mennonite Services is a network consisting of various groups of the Anabaptism churches that has been, over the years, volunteered to work together to help people who have been faced up by disasters. The program is based in Canada and the U.S and it was integrated in 1993 as a non profitable organization. It uses various relief organizations and other service agencies to deliver assistance to those who need it. The organization’s main is focus is rebuilding and repairing of destroyed homes and cleaning up the society’s environment. This way, restoration of life to the people becomes very possible as the struck families are given hope in life. Besides Canada and the United States, the Mennonite committee has also been organizing responses to disasters in around the globe in the international setting. Basically, much of this organization’s projects are supplements to the services offered by the Red Cross society. The year of the incorporation of the organization saw numerous occurrences of disasters including the hurricane Andrew and the floods that hit the Midwest. The recovery process by the MDS network saw many volunteer response to the same disasters from which the network’s growth was initiated. What the organization does Currently, the network has various programs that are all aimed at ensuring effective assistance to the needy people suffering from disasters. For instance, the organization has a partnership home program that is aimed at increasing the organization’s ability to meet the needs of many families within the shortest time possible so that they can bring them all home. The main aim of this program is t link sponsors with the community as well as the organization itself. This way, families that lack services such as house insurance cover and funds to rebuild their homes have been assisted in building quality houses. In order for the organization to effectively fulfill its objective of assisting the needy, it has developed disaster studies programs in conjunction with other service agencies, to train leaders to ensure proper management of all activities involved in disaster responses. This program has been of more help than anticipated as some colleges and universities have formed their own programs to help in recovering from disasters. The organization also has a program for pastors wh
Background to the Australian aging population Like other developed nations, Australia is an aging country. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, AIHW (2009), it is estimated that 24 percent of the country’s population will be over the age of 65 by 2036. In addition, the report by AIHW shows that the number of people aged over 85 years will increase significantly over the next 20 years. In fact, this is the fastest-growing cohort in the country. It is worth noting that people aged 65 and above are active and contribute to the nation’s social and economic development. However, studies have shown that aging is highly linked with illnesses and disabilities. The current statistics indicate that approximately 28% of males and 46% of females aged 65 and above are likely to enter residential care (Hogan, 2003). Moreover, AIHW (2009) shows that the number of people entering residential care has forced authorities to increase the number of these facilities. In general, only about 3% of the aged people in Australia are classified as highly dependent within the residential care population. However, it should be noted that more than 76% of this population comprises individuals who are “high care”, with more than 50% having one of the various types of dementia. In Victoria, for instance, it is estimated that more than 40,000 aged people are living in RACFs funded by the commonwealth (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2009). Apart from the residential care given to the aged and dependent people, a number of other facilities are taking care of the rising number of them. For instance, Extended Aged Care At Home, Community Care Packages, Extended Aged Care at Home Dementia and Transitional Care are some of the most common options available for the elderly. Currently, there is evidence of the increase in the number of consumer-directed care options, where the elderly need care based on consumer purchases. Need for improved care for the elderly In all these options, it is evident that the need for modernized nursing practice is increasing each year. These options have placed an intensive demand for innovative workforce responses in the field of nursing. However, a shortage in knowledge, workforce, and initiatives aimed at improving caring practices for the elderly is evident in the country. With the growing population of aged people, there is a major rethink in the current practice for the care of the aged. Arguably, nursing practice in Australia requires a major reconsideration and a new standard for proper care of the estimated large population of aged people in the future. In a broader sense, an innovative workforce, better practice, knowledge, skills and innovative responses for the care of the aged people should be included in the new paradigm for the future practice. Contemporary demands and strategies for be
Introduction People have identified many creations of man as ‘wonders of the world’. For instance, the Great Wall of China, The Taj Mahal and so on. If I were asked to list the wonders of the world, the first on the list would be the man himself. The human body has remained a mystery for a while. Recent studies have led to the discovery of the amazing functions of various organs in the body. But the one thing that will continue to intrigue us is the human brain. It is still a mystery. The human brain is as complex as it is interesting. The big irony is that we humans are still unable to fully understand our brains! What is mentioned in biology text books and journals about the human brain is so small and almost insignificant compared to the myriad functions and parts of the brain that are yet to be explored. We have so many questions regarding the human brain to which there are no answers as of now. However, the human brain will remain a wonder only if those questions remain unanswered. Human psychology is a vast subject that deals with a person’s thoughts, feelings, emotions and the like. Social psychology is concerned with information processing within the individual and deals with the ways in which social causes or influences disturb these processes. But, social psychology has attracted greater attention for its regular crises than for any other results and answers it has produced (Flick.U, 1998). We do know that the brain performs functions like thinking, deciding, remembering, recognizing, comparing, and calculating and so on, but we dot know exactly how. A person is a vegetable if his brain does not function. Such is the significance of the human brain. Social Cognition is a branch of Human Psychology. According to Baron and Byrne, it refers to the manner in which we interpret, analyze and remember information about the social world. (Pennington, C.D, 2000) According to Ziva Kunda, memory is an act of reconstructing past information or experiences and not recalling the past incidents. When something is remembered, a series of processes take place in the brain, it recovers and then starts reconstructing the information like the things a person has done or learned. The author says that the incidents are not actually remembered the way they happened. It is shaped by many factors like time, circumstances when it happened, and so on (Kunda. Z, 1999). According to the Buddhists, there are two types of memory; that of holding in mind and that of recollection or the reconstruction of memory of the previous experiences. Both have the nature of material concerning them according to the Buddhist text. (Gyatso. J, 1992). The primary source of material for the data reconstruction process is one’s memory for the event itself which means, event memory-based re-construction (Thompson P.C, 1996). Hot cognition means a mental process with series of recollections and processes that are distorted by the current mental state of a person and are driven by a desire or feeling- where goals and mood c
Introduction In any course work, it is essential that students concerned be assessed to ascertain their general understanding of concepts they learned in a particular field of study. Many a scholar has suggested ways of doing this. The most common assessment method that is used globally is classroom assessment. It is documented by that assessment is a powerful tool to motivate the unmotivated students by restoring their desire to learn thus encouraging students to keep learning. The end result is increased achievement to the student (Stiggins et al . 2004). Therefore assessment is done in order to gather evidence of student learning. Workshops have been an option but research shows that they are not enough, so is reading of journals and books. Studying some course for purposes of achieving or attaining a certificate or a degree does not end after the student leaves the gates a learning institution. On the contrary, involved students are ushered out to the field, where most of them end up employed. During employment, high expectations are required of these students pertaining to application of theoretical skills learned in their courses to practice. One such field of application is when there are challenges arising at place of work. A question that faces them (new employees) is; are they able to appreciate these challenges, face them and come up with solutions appropriate to them? To this extend, leadership is a skill that comes in handy. Leadership in itself is not enough. However, when faced with a problem that needs such a skill as leadership, can one capably communicate his/her leadership skill to the concerned people to induce change? If so, what are the media that are supposed to be used? It is also proper that we examine ethics in place of work during problem solving. This ushers us to the case study below. Lack of leadership ethics: Faulu Kenya Deposit taking Micro- finance Faulu Ken
Introduction The definition of the term SMEs usually differs from one country to another, and most countries define the term depending on three criteria. These criteria are based on the size of the firm including micro, small or medium enterprise. In addition, SMEs usually have three main characteristics. To begin with, SMEs are mostly characterized with an independent management where the owner of the business is also the manager. Another important property of SMEs is that, money or funds or capital in the enterprise is usually and mostly in the hands of the one or a small group of individuals. Lastly, SMEs conduct their operations in the local region or area while workers of the business and owners usually come from the same locality or society (Khaja, 2013). The size of SMEs usually depends on the number of employees and the worth or value of assets owned by the SMEs, hence, there are both minimum and maximum sizes of SMEs. Moreover, different countries have different sizes of SMEs depending on the country’s development level and availability of resources. It is also usually clear that SMEs’ operations mostly involve sectors such as manufacturing, trade, agribusiness, transport, and even communication among many other sectors. Even though some SMEs are innovative, growth-oriented, and flexible, others are usually less dynamic and are usually owned by families. Lastly, SMEs operate in formal sector and in most cases, majority of employees and workers usually earn wages (Rody and Stearns, 2013). Macroeconomic Analysis of Key Variables Various macroeconomic variables play an important role in an economy in relation to SMEs, including unemployment, inflation, and economic output. These macroeconomic variables mostly and usually have a key role in the economic development of many countries. For example, the financial markets of many developed countries such as Sri Lanka and India indicate that more economic tools and financial markets results into challenges to SMEs. There are a number of critical macroeconomic roles of SMEs in different countries. These vital roles of SMEs usually result into the economic development of the countries they are based in. To begin with, SMEs usually contribute t
Looking from the broad historical point of view, one may clearly state that the European Union is the most outstanding example of successful collective economic, social and political cooperation. Over the last five decades, the European Community has transformed from the group of historically united countries into a highly interconnected formation, geographically covering almost the entire European continent and being one of the major actors of the world policy. The most remarkable here is the fact that while delegating the part of their economic, political and legal sovereignty, the members of the EU remain independent and save their national identity. The EU has a unique organizational structure thanks to which its core functions are effectively performed. The following essay will examine the key legislative, executive and judiciary bodies of the EU and their role in maintaining the coherent supranational European system. Nowadays the European Union consists of seven main bodies that represent and ensure the common interests of all member states. Those are the European Council, the Council of Ministers, the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Auditors
Executive Summary This report presents a critical analysis of the document, “Talent Management Decision Making”. The article precisely discusses decision making in talent management with its main objectives including reviewing the raging debates around talent management and decision-making, establishing some possible factors influencing decision making in talent management, and recommending future research areas in relation to decision making in talent management. The study emphasises on utilisation of data as one of the contributors to the basis on which managers are contributing to poor management by depending on unreliable information in management. The authors argue that managers underutilise talents available in employees and thus keep on basing their promotions in terms of previous experiences, close relations, and biasness. Therefore, this report concludes that the article remains incredible to a certain percentage with most of the relevant aspects ignored and the format revealing some inconsistencies. Introduction Talent management decision-making remains one of the most contested issues in the context of management, and specifically in International Human Resource Management. In the rapidly growing world of urbanisation and industrialisation, studies have discussed the importance of talent management as a Human Resource Management approach. Motivation and empowerment studies have also stressed on underutilisation of human talent and abilities in the management techniques. 1 The field of management remains a taxing and complicated one with companies witnessing failure in managers, even the most experienced ones. Decision-making is a contemporary issue in the management and thus employees’ involvement has proven significant in several cases with companies ignoring this management idea. Despite the merits attached to talent management, it is still a new phenomenon in numerous organisations. Therefore, to stress on the above issue, this essay critically analyses the article “Talent management decision making”. Assumptions and their influence The authors assume that there is complexity in talent management. In the context of complexity in talent management, the authors assume that talent management in several organisations remains a biased process with numerous organisations basing their employee promotion decision-making process on close relations, tendencies, and evaluating previous experiences. The authors relate biasness in decision making with lack of credible of pertinent information needed to guide managers in their decision-making processes. 2 In the authors’ view, despite being an international issue, global talent management varies internationally due to demographic factors. Giving an example of the U.S compared to other countries, talent management in decision-making has significantly improved and is more frequently utilised. Organisation culture has been influential in talent management. This aspect has influenced authors’ research on the discussion and addressing of issues relating to talent management significantly focusing on factors influencing talent management globally. Credibility of the authors’ a
The general theme of the Book “The Great Good Place.” “The Great Good Place” is a book written by Ray Oldenburg, a metropolitan socialist from Florida. The significance of casual and open gathering places is the main theme of the book. Oldenburg, in the book, explains why such gathering places are important to society and public life. He claims that in a community, the central things that help in creating regional democracy include the bars, salons as well as general stores. These places, according to him, are in contrast to “the first and second places of home and work” (Oldenburg, 1999). By looking at how these places operate and the role they play, the author offers insights for persons and societies all over the globe. Oldenburg refers to third places as the “great good places,” where members of the public gather and interrelate. He argues that these places are different from first and second places, which include home and work, respectively. He adds that third places allow the community to set aside their personal concerns and take pleasure in the company and discussions around them. According to Oldenburg, “third places host the regular, voluntary, informal, and happily anticipated gatherings of individuals beyond the realms of home and work” (Oldenburg, 1999). He proposes that bars, main streets, tea rooms, salons, and other third places are the central points to a community’s social vivacity and the base of a functioning democracy. These places, according to the author, help in encouraging social equality among the citizens by offering mental support for the locals as well as a foundation that the people can use for local politics. He states that “What suburbia cries for are the means for people to gather easily, inexpensively, regularly, and pleasurably — a ‘place on the corner,’ real-life alternatives to television, easy escapes from the cabin fever of marriage and family life that do not necessitate getting into an automobile ” (Oldenburg, 1999). He sums up his work by concluding that, “In the absence of informal public life, living becomes more expensive. Where the means and facilities for relaxation and leisure are not publicly shared, they become the objects of private ownership and consumption” (Oldenburg, 1999). Authors purpose for writing the book The author wrote the book in 1999 in an attempt to show the significance of casual and open gathering places, which he referred to as “third places.” He had realized that social interactions in the community had decreased and was therefore trying to bring them back to society by emphasizing the importance of such relations. Content and organization of the book The book is divided into three parts, Part I, II, and III. In part I, the author explains the concept of the third place in the United States, explores the features of third places, and summarizes the “personal benefits” and “greater good” wh
The World Happiness Index (WHI) was created by the United Nations to measure the distribution of happiness, or subjective well-being, across the world [1]. Six variables are used to evaluate the level of well-being in every country, including log GDP per capita, life expectancy, social support, generosity, freedom to make life choices, and perceptions of corruption [2]. This paper seeks to address the influence of these factors on the distribution of happiness. To what extent does GDP affect the happiness index? It is well-recognized that the log GDP per capita data is useful to assess economic prosperity of any given country. This variable allows the researchers to evaluate the status of the economy since it is the estimation of the value of all products and services a company creates. GDP levels have a direct impact on people’s lives and the WHI as a result. The higher log GDP per capita is, the healthier the country’s economy is. In this paper, the researcher evaluates the effect log GDP per capita has on people’s well-being. To what extent does life expectancy affect the happiness index? Life expectancy is used to assess the quality of life and the accessibility of healthcare. Higher life expectancy means healthy populations, accessible healthcare, and higher quality of life in general. As such, this variable introduces physical well-being and health as the determinants of countries’ happiness index. Countries with higher healthy life expectancy are rated higher in the WHI. To what extent does the social support affect the happiness index? For people, social support is another major factor which determines the level of happiness. This factor implies that social ties, or having relatives and friends one can rely on if needed, are among the factors which determine happiness [1]. If an individual has no one to count on in times of trouble, they are likely to feel depressed and miserable. The researcher’s aim is to evaluate the effect of social ties on the country’s performance in the WHI. To what extent does generosity affect the happiness index? In the context of the WHI generosity is understood as the readiness of people to donate money to charities in relation to GDP per capita [1]. Generosity is directly related to prosperity and is one of the factors which can be used to evaluate people’s happiness. Therefore, this paper seeks to address the relationship between prosperity, generosity, and the WHI. To what extent does the freedom to make life choices affect the happiness index? Freedom is one of the fundamental factors which affect happiness in different countries. Each person wants to have some level of control over their life and make their own life choices. Freedom me