ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The USA cultural diversity The U.S has used numerous cultural diversities through the unification of people to construct group identity. This has been made through the existence of providence which has connected the country while building unity among the different cultural groups. In this regard, the society has the implications that there is a mixture between different cultures, and through this, the different mixed cultures are amalgamated with no existence of any sort of intervention by the state. The stereotyping of these groups in U.S society has been considered as having assumed assimilation. This means that each immigrant group within the U.S society has been assimilated into the society at its own pace and for this purpose, the belief of national unity is put into perspective. Though the stereotyping lacks accuracy, the U.S has depended on stereotypes as multicultural issues have been a key booster to the U.S economic sector. This achievement has been overseen through the joint contribution of knowledge towards building the economy. Racial issues Race and ethnicity are predominant within the U.S society where certain groups show dislike to the other. This has been a factor that has held back the growth of other racial groups within the society as they are unable to get assistance and/or contribution thus lagging in growth. In this respect, the concept of socialization about race has events that create tension among the minority groups who are mostly excluded from the participation of building the economy. This has caused fear among the minority groups who face prejudice. Most of the groups mostly blacks are prejudiced as having their origins from an ape. This may mean that their reasoning capacity is dismal; this impression received by blacks frustrates them hence demoralizing them regarding what activity they can perform best. Due to the said factor of prejudice, these groups find it had striking employment opportunities and are sidelined due to their social classes. How do the behavior and thinking patterns of U.S. culture apply to each group, especially regarding class systems and employment The behavior and thinking patterns of U.S culture are viewed differently among the 6 major cultural groups in U.S society. This is regarding the aspects such as employment and class systems. Native Americans are considered as possessing all the relevant qualities in terms of employment opportunities as compared to other cultural groups. They are given priority, though one may not possess the necessary qualifications needed to land a job. African Americans are considered as possessing arrogance thus the society views them as trouble makers who can do nothing o
Teresa de Cepeda was born in wealthy Spanish family in the year 1552 in Avila. She was extremely devout and believed that she was picked for some special work of the Lord since her childhood. At the age of 21 she went to a Carmelite convent against her father’s will. There she embarked on a meticulous spiritual regime that eventually broke her health. During this duration she had dreams that convinced her that her task was to travel allover Spain looking for new monasteries and convents. Against the oppositions of her leaders Teresa kept to this spiritual direction. St Teresa in her autobiography describes her extremely personal and numinous association with God. The common men and women who identified with the new spiritual rebirth of Spanish Catholicism were helped by her writings. One day in prayer she found herself in an instant without understanding how, in fact she was plunged to hell. Teresa opposed the role that society at that time had set for her. Women in the fifteenth century were supposed to get married, give birth, nurture their families and be submissive to their husbands. It was the patriarchal role of the man as head of the family to provide. This is supported by the fact that Teresa is opposed both by society and parents (father) when she joins religion (Teresa 283). Religion especially the Roman Catholic Church did not have direct roles for women (Lawrence 108). Teresa pioneered in creating roles for women in the Roman Catholic Church showing the society that women too can do what men can do. Society and the church leaders who were male were not free and did not accept the role that Teresa had begun to play in religion. In her visions, she tries to share with the society; most of the people take her visionaries for granted. They do not believe in her. Were it that she would have had been a man, then they would have had believed in her works. Again another factor in her life that made her contradict with the role of the woman in those times was that she broke ranks with men and became a public figure in the church buy beginning convents throughout Spain and Europe. Women were supposed to support men to be famous and not the other way round. However, when they saw her determination and success, they began to read her writings and somehow believe in her visionaries. Margaret Paston was born in a family of English landowners in the fourteenth century. Letters written in English were not common in the sixteenth century and Pastons left so many letters than anybody else in their generation. Margaret outlived her husband and spent her widowhood as a respected common landowner. Margaret was committed in her family affairs and her local society. More so she was an active writer whose letters followed the course of landowning life in the chaotic fifteenth century most of these writings revolve around her conflict with her neighbors due to land disputes. Women in the fourteenth century were not supposed to be land owners. This is what brought about conflict with her neighbor Lord Moleyn. Women like Margaret, were supposed to nurture family. In her letters, she h
Advances in modern technology have brought new innovations into the communications industry which not only have made communication faster and smoother for consumers but have in effect enabled a more precise and accurate means of navigation for cars, airplanes and ships. It must be noted though that like all technological instruments such systems are vulnerable to eventual malfunctions. While there are literally a plethora of different ways in which communication systems could potentially break down this paper will explore the possibility of the interaction of communication systems with various forms of space weather phenomena, in this case solar flares. Solar Flares and Communication Systems In their work examining the effects of space weather phenomena and communication systems Afraimovich, Demyanov, Gavrilyuk, Ishin and Smolkov (2009) explain that solar flares in particular have been known to disrupt High Frequency (HF) radio communications and various types of satellite signals creating periods of information blackouts (Afraimovich et al., 2009). For example, on March 24, 1940 a “great” geomagnetic storm rendered inoperative 80% of all long-distance telephone connections out of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Electric service was temporarily disrupted in portions of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota, as well as Quebec and Ontario, Canada (Fisher, 2003). Various studies examining the effects of space weather, particularly geomagnetic storms, which are caused by solar flares, have shown that on average solar weather disrupts not only high frequency communication signals but also has the potential to damage electrical equipment as well (Burch, 2004). For example, from the 13th to the 14th of March 1989 a severe geomagnetic storm caused a system wide power failure in Quebec, Canada, resulting in the loss of over 20,000 megawatts (Fisher, 2003). The blackout cut electric power to several million people; the estimated time from the onset of the problem to a system collapse was about 90 seconds and high frequencies were virtually unusable worldwide. It was even seen in the case of a Japanese communications satellite which lost half of its dual-redundant command circuitry as well as a NASA satellite dropping 3 miles (4.8 km) in its orbit due to the increase in atmospheric drag caused by a geomagnetic storm (Fisher, 2003). Additionally, Fisher (2003) notes that “the frequency navigation signals used by maritime and general aviation systems (Loran-C) may experience outages on the sunlit side of the Earth for many hours during periods of geomagnetic storms or solar wind causing loss in positioning” (Fisher, 2003). The reason behind this is the resulting free electrons generated by solar weather which can and often do damage systems that are
Introduction Richelson notes in his writings that within CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), there are four distinguished directorates amongst them being the Science and Technology Directorate (DS & T). The DS&T has since its inauguration been offering amicable maintenance to the operations and revelation of the Central Intelligence Agency via actions, attainment, progress, as well as studying the schemes and systematic abilities. Besides, DS&T is mandated to offer directions to the NPIC (National Photographic Interpretation Centre) and FBIS (Foreign Broadcast Information Service). Nevertheless, in the most outstanding work of Richelson, DS&T materializes as a ‘spy shop’. Under this docket and in the entire account of groundbreaking surveillance technology, DS&T has generated the most envisaged scientific developments including the CORONA satellites programs, the KH-11, A-12, as well as the U-2 spy planes. The development and evolution of the CIA’s Directorate of Science and Technology The untimely historical accounts Since the fiscal 1947, when the Central Intelligence Agency was first launched, the support offered by science and technology appeared to be the central constituent of the mission of this agency. During these early days, Richelson states that the Estimates and Reports Office (ORE) were perceived as the Science and Technology Directorate precursor. During the financial year 1948 December, ORE amalgamated with the Special Operations Office branch called the Nuclear Energy Group to create OSI also dubbed the Scientific Intelligence Office. However, until the fiscal 1962, OSI remained the prime scientific research laboratory for the Central Intelligence Agency. In The Wizards of Langley, research manuscript on the DS & T, Richelson also known as the intelligence researcher, managed to access various extremely perceptive documents that are currently declassified. For instance, Allen Dulles, the Central Intelligence Director (DCI) received a memo on 5 th November 1954 from Land Edwin, the chief executive officer of Polaroid wiling Dulles to acquire mega high decree photographs and construct specific airliners which could take off at towering elevations. Thus, given the previous planning and the influence of the letter, the skunk operations facility in Lockheed crafted the U-2 spy plane. Richelson shows how CIA planned to set up the initial secret agent satellites in the fiscal 1950s. In 1959 for example, CIA inaugurated the triumphant CORONA satellite despite the fact that there was a satellite venture for the Air Force already in progress. In fact, the CORONA satellite outlasted the SAMOS program owned by the armed forces by approximately one decade. Richelson noted that between 1949 and 1963, amongst the least exultant experimentations conducted by the CIA were the psychotropic drugs such as MKULTRA program as well as the LSD. The1960s era The Scientific I
Executive Summary Problem Statement Poor performance of duties is a big challenge to human resource managers since it impedes the progress of the organisation. Managers suggest that poor performance is caused by professional negligence, disorganisation, lack of devotion, and laziness among others. However, poor performance can be caused by poor allocation of duties where managers allocate roles regardless of the employee’s talents, preferences and attitudes. This implies that some employees are forced to perform duties to get money although they do not have passion for the duty Purpose The purpose of this report to give a detailed evaluation of an employee in order to choose a team that will participate in marketing. It will aim at evaluating the employee by applying various psychometric indicators which include Self-monitoring, Big Five Locators, Interaction Styles and Communication Test. Introduction Scenario Description Our university has introduced new courses in its curriculum according to the academic and professional needs of the surrounding society. However, the society is not aware of these new courses since they were introduced during the last academic year. In fact, this is the second intake for the courses implying that their popularity is low. This condition calls upon the marketing department to act swiftly in order to publicize the new courses to students. Nonetheless, the assistant marketing officer who is responsible for conducting
Introduction The Sumatran Orangutan is one of the two species of Orangutans in the world. There are two species, the Sumatran orangutans and Bornean Orangutan. The Sumatran Orangutan is rarer than the bornean orangutan. It is also smaller than the bornean orangutan. The Sumatran Orangutan scientific name is pongo abelii . It lives in the Sumatra Island in Indonesia where it is endemic. The Sumatran orangutan is the largest tree-living mammal. They are sometimes referred to as the red apes or the ‘old man of the Forest’. The Sumatran Orangutan species is only found in Sumatra (Asia). The habitats include the tropical rainforests and flood forests of the Sumatra. They prefer living in the under branch and trees middle leaves. They are identified as having a long red or ginger coat. They have longer facial hair, compared to bornean counterparts. For the males, they may not develop cheek pouches and throat sacks, until they reach 20 years of age. However, the cheek pouches and throat sacks may fail to develop even after attain an age of 20 years. In the wild, Sumatran Orangutan can live up to 45-50 years. The females when fully mature weigh about 45kg and measure 1.3m in height. Males are larger than females. Males may grow to a weight of 120kg and 1.8m in height. They are frugivorous, where fruits are a major component of their diet. In addition they may feed on insects, bark and leaves and small vertebrates. The social behavior shows that both male and female orangutans are solitary females stay with the young until the young reach adolescence. Orangutans are both diurnal and arboreal. Female orangutans reach sexual maturity between the ages of 9-12 years. They can conceive at this age when they are on the wild. The gestation period is 244 days. The young then lives with the mother until it reaches adolescence. However, in captivity female orangutan have given birth to young ones at the age of seven years. In the Suaq Balimbing swamp wild Sumatran orangutans have been observed to use tools (Zimmer et al 1995). They use tree branches to make rods that they use to dig into tree holes for termites, bee nest walls, and to eat fruits (breaking the cover). Groups of orangutans may gather to feed. Females prefer to mate with mature males. Rape is a common occurrence in the Sumatran orangutan Discussion The Sumatran orangutans are critically endangered according to the World Conservation union IUCN Red list in 2002. A survey that was done in the Lake Toba forests, found only two habited areas of the Orangutan. These two areas were the Bukit Lawang (Animal Sanctuary) and Gunung Leuser National Park (Wich et al, 2003) by the year 2002 only 3,500 individuals of the Orangutan on Sumatra. It is estimated that every minute an area equal to six football pitches if Indonesia forests is cleared. This has pushed the Sumatran orangutan almost
Research and Practical Purpose Memo Whereas the research purpose deals with the researchable aims which it studies through empirical study, practical purpose focuses on transformation and evaluation of issues (Schram, 2006). In light of distinguishing the research purpose and practical purpose, the envisioned research relates to Migrant Workers in Malaysia. In regard to the research purpose, this research focuses on the issues that the migrant workers face in Malaysia. It will focus on how the government treats the migrant worker in light of offering training, availability of employment and the plight of migrant women. In addition, it will identify the existing leadership models that churches and NGOs apply when they are assisting the migrant workers. On the other hand, the practical purpose defines the applicable strategies which churches could apply to restore the rights of migrant workers. It will focus on how the authorities could use transformational and servant leadership to improve the lives of migrant workers in Malaysia. Additionally, it will focus on how they can change the attitude of employers towards women in order to reduce gender discrimination and purport gender equality. They will fulfill this by evaluating the economic issues that lead to oppression of women in Malaysia. Focus and Locus Focus of a research deals with the object of the study while the locus gets into the question of where the researchers can find that object (Shank, 2006). For example, the focus of linguistic research is the diversity of language while the locus might include villages, towns and tribes (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008). In regard to this research, the focus is the treatment of migrant workers who move from their native countries to find for jobs in Malaysia. It will, also, focus on the treatment of migrant women importantly since they undergo unique experiences owing to their gender. On the other hand, the locus is concerned with where researchers can get the migrant workers, church leaders and government official. They can meet migrant workers in government offices, private companies, NGOs, farms as well as construction companies. They can find the church leaders in religious forums, churches and chapels. Lastly, NGOs’ officials are available in their respective headquarters in Malaysia where researcher can interview them. However, the study will not be focusing on the churches, employers and NGOs. Instead, it will be inquiring about the issues that face migrant workers from the personnel (Smith, 2010). Generating Analytic Memo The envisioned research will focus on identifying a solution rather than the problem only. It is understandable that previous academicians have already identified the problem. However, they have identified the problem in fairly casual terms without providing a solution. This implies that the identification of the problems facing migrant workers does not portray any authenticity. The ori
Introduction The world leadership remains on notice over concerns of environmental degradation that has resulted from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. As a UN official who has a high interest on the concerns of the Kyoto Protocol, I am aware that Canada officially withdrew from the treaty in late 2011. This step was taken amidst some nations having already heeded to the call for implementation of policies that seek to reduce GHG emissions to mitigate climate change and its consequences. For instance, the EU-member nations have been in the forefront to implement the Kyoto Protocol on environmental change. By 2010, the EU had developed various policies to realize this call. However, I wish to ask, ‘what is the position of Canada in the fight against climatic change?’. As the prime minister, you have a wakeup call to ensure that your nation (Canada) fulfills its obligations to comply with the Kyoto Protocol in the effort to enhance environmental sustainability for the benefit of its current and future generation. From the point of view of a UN official, my letter seek to explain why your nation should review its position on the Kyoto Protocol and make a proposal for possible alternative enforcement mechanisms in addition to consequences of not complying with the commitments. In your reconsideration for a Canadian ministerial position, it is also important for you to note the current progress of the Kyoto Protocol. Canada’s Responsibility in regards to Climatic Change The Kyoto Protocol Summary I am fully aware that your are cognizant of the fact that the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Change) requested all its member states to decrease their levels of GHG emissions in 1992. The goal was to curb the effects of global warming on climatic change, which the UN was concerned that it (global warming) would have negative ramifications such as hunger on global population. With your nation in attendance, the UNFCCC met in 1997 at Kyoto in Japan to finalize an agreement that sought industrialized nations to set and meet targets for reducing GHG emissions. The ensuing agreement from the 1997 convention, which was signed by 160 UN member states, came to be known as the Kyoto Protocol (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2013). The decision to take Canada out of the Kyoto Protocol pact that was taken by your nation’s leadership in 2011 is inappropriate, although it is not in violation of compliance requirements. The Kyoto Protocol does not require nations to have the same targets for reduction of GHG emissions. In the 1997 pact, which came into force in 2005, with your nation’s participation, nations were required to meet their own commitments in the reduction of emissions by the end of 2008 to 2012 commitment period (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2013). The overall goal was to ensure a reduction of global emissions by not less than 5.2% of the total 1990 emission levels. Canada had a commitment to ensure a reduction of its emission by 6% (equivalent to 270 megatons) while the US had a pledge for red
Introduction Music is important in human life. Those who believe that music should be developed are right, still classical music will always remain the basic for all music trends. Listening to Bach, Mozart, and other famous contributors into the classical music, it becomes obvious that music is a miracle. Johannes Brahms is a prominent musician of his time. Additionally, his pieces of music are still remembered and many people love his performances. Each piece of music has its own background, personal history and peculiarities connected with its composition. It is obvious that the time of music composition and the peculiarities of the personal condition impact the music outcome. The main purpose of this article is to dwell upon two pieces of music created by Johannes Brahms, Clarinet Quintet and Clarinet Sonata. We are going to consider the background for music creation including the historic period of time and personal life of the composer and discussing the peculiarities of music performance. Historical Background for Music Creation To begin with, it should be mentioned that listening to Clarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115 by Brahms one may easily create the parallels with Mozart’s clarinet quintet. These parallel points should be considered for better understanding of the historical background of music creation. Two compositions express melancholy, they both integrate clarinets by means of string texture, they both use clarinet as a solo instrument that was not really spread in that time. Therefore, it may be concluded that Mozart influenced the development of Brahms’ music and vision of this music. The tendency of the whole time period was regulated by Mozart’s vision of the music and his performances. Still, much attention should be paid to the epoch and personality of Johanne