Introduction Features of pain are helpful hints for accurate diagnoses. Consequently, terminologies such as acute, recurrent, chronic, and tender are useful in describing the pain. Precipitating and aggravating factors, location and duration of the pain in addition to other symptoms are also vital during diagnosis (Dains, Baumann, & Scheibel, 2012). The nurse practitioner (NP) should conduct a physical examination and additional diagnostic tests for affirmative diagnosis in patients with gastrointestinal pain. Physical Examination and Appropriate Diagnostic Tests Abdominal physical examination techniques involve inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. First, the NP observes the skin for scars while noting skin color discrepancies like striae and stretch marks (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon, & Stewart, 2014). Such marks help in identifying whether a previous surgery is the cause of pain. The NP observes the abdominal shape for general or local distention and engorgement of veins to exclude internal organomegaly. Abdominal inspection of intra-abdominal organs for abnormalities like swellings then follows. Most masses are due to hernias, tumors and hematomas. The location of the mass with respect to adjacent organs helps determine the origin of the swelling (LeBlond, Brown & DeGowin, 2014) and helps in identifying the underlying condition. Auscultation establishes the presence of bowel sounds. The NP auscultates with the diaphragm of the stethoscope for bruit sounds over main arteries during heart contraction particularly over the abdominal aorta, renal artery and iliac artery. In certain instances, the nurse practitioner can hear abdominal rubs or feel an abdominal mass on auscultation above the liver. Auscultation reveals gastrointestinal motions such as peristalsis and helps in ruling out intestinal obstructions (Glynn & Drake, 2012). During percussion, the NP uses the mid finger of the right hand. Pain on percussion suggests inflammation, and the two key sounds to note during the procedure are tympanic and dull sounds. Dull sounds indicate the presence of fluids and help in ruling out conditions such as ascites. The last step is palpation, which starts in the right upper quadrant and can be either deep or superficial. Deep palpation is useful in assessing the mass because it reveals tenderness, spasms and guarding. Guarding spreads throughout the whole abdomen, while rigidity affects the swollen area only. Palpation is useful in revealing conditions such as fecal impaction. The diagnostic tests that the nurse practitioner conducts include white blood cell count to determine inflammation. Liver and pancreatic enzyme tests help determine specific organ involvement. Imaging studies like X-rays, ultrasound and computed tomography are also important to observe the affected organ. Manometric tests help in measuring pressure in the gastrointestinal tract while endoscopy facilitates the visualization of internal organs and tumors (Porter & Kaplan, 2011). Five Differential Conditions for the Patient’s Differential Diagnosis The following differential diagnoses are possible because all of them present the symptoms that the patient exhibits. The first condition is incarcerated hiatus hernia, which is likely in males above 50 years. Pain may be due to passing of gastric