Introduction This paper will explore whether the structure of international security fundamentally changed as a direct result of the collapse of communism. To do so what will be examined are the reasons why communism collapsed, the impact of communism on the international security infrastructure, the way in which national interests and ideologies affected the structure of international security at the time and the various methods in which the collapse of communism affected such factors. This paper will also seek to explore the present day security environment and how it differs from the one seen prior to the collapse of communism. How Did Communism Collapse? Focusing on the issue of industrial innovation and entrepreneurship, the subsequent decline of the economies of the U.S.S.R and China from the 1950s to the 1980s can primarily be attributed to the fact that in order for any economy to thrive it is necessary for certain factors to be in place: there must be a variety of small, medium and large enterprises, there must be competition between different producers and finally entrepreneurship and innovation must be encouraged in order to facilitate positive changes within a given industry. What must be understood is that the proliferation of small, medium and large enterprises results in more jobs being present for people within particular communities (Bergesen 1992). This results in more people having money to buy goods or utilize services and this in turn ramps up demand which necessitates further expansion thus providing more jobs and more money for people. This current climate is also improved with the presence of entrepreneurship and innovation which facilitates new means of doing business which further improves the economic climate resulting in economic prosperity within a given country. All of these factors are what was lacking in the case of China and the Soviet Union since in effect their centralized means of production killed off the possibility of innovation, entrepreneurship and the development of more high paying jobs within their respective countries. This created severe stagnation within their economies which led to a subsequent decline in their industrial potential. The end result was an unsustainable system that inevitably could not sustain itself given its inherent limitations. This was in stark contrast to the case of the U.S. wherein through capitalism the production of goods and services has become more efficient and thus cheaper, which resulted in more jobs available for people that wanted them (Hollander 1992). Such a system encouraged innovation and entrepreneurship which further helped local economies and at the same time it helps to ensure that the economy of the U.S. continued to be productive due to its profit based orientation. It was only when China modified its communist policies to encourage the creation of businesses, the introduction of foreign investments, private ownership and a variety of other changes that made its current economic system a hybrid of communism and capitalism that it was able to become the second largest economy at the present. Understanding the Impact of Communism on the International Security Infrastru