ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Despite the active liberation process, even nowadays, people representing minorities still experience such problems as microaggression and prejudice. For this reason, people should recognize bias and prejudice, which would help create a society comfortable for everyone. In this paper, I will also describe how do I recognize my own bias and connection to systems of oppression, inequality, and violence. One of the results of prejudice against the minorities and people from another culture is microaggression. The term “microaggression” is used to refer to “subtle negative exchanges’ addressed towards African Americans. Nowadays, it has been extended, and it is applied not only to African Americans but to all minorities. In general, microaggression is subtle discrimination, compared to macroaggression, which is expressed through such violent acts as, for example, beating people. Microaggression can be expressed in a phrase, by behavior, or by organizing the environment in a way that insults representatives of minorities. In addition, good examples of microaggression are given in the video called “What kind of Asian are you?” (2013). The main character of the video is asking an Asian woman where she is from. She tries to explain that she is from America, but he fails to understand that she has been living in America all of her life. Thus, he diminishes her identity, conveying some stereotypes about Asians (kimchi, teriyaki, and so on). As a response, the woman starts an inversed dialogue, pretending that she does not understand that the man really comes from America. To my mind, this is an interesting example of a microaggression that works against discrimination. Moreover, microaggression, prejudice, and bias are applied to all minorities. One of the greatest bias is the one against LGBTQ, as it has been suppressed by religion and morals for hundreds of years. Even nowadays, many LGBT people experience shunning and aggression. It decreases the quality of their life. They sometimes experience harassment, violence, and victimization related to their gender identity. The topic of homosexuality can easily become a source of aggression in a group. For example, according to the video “LGBTQ – How you see me,” people feel endangered when they talk to a homosexual person. Some LGBT people say that their parents were showing them to a psychiatrist. Thus, people often demonstrate indifference to some stereotypes defining the way homosexual peo
Abstract The concept of human resource management as a novel approach to management of workforce took a new turn in the early 80s. This was influenced by a number of factors including rise in global competition resulting from deregulation and globalization and the influence of distinguished scholars from the US and the UK. In 1980s , the notion that human capital was the most important asset in the organization started to give way to the proposition that it was the source of competitive advantage. The emergence of Human Resources Management as a distinguished philosophy of management was facilitated by the rise in strategic management thinking. Organizations were forced to reassess their structure and operations and how they respond to the changing global business environment. This paper seeks to explore human resource management from the historical point of view and the changes in the management of human resource in the contemporary business environment. Introduction There is no single universal definition to Human Resource Management. Many literatures use loose definitions that encompass anything and everything related to the management of employees in organizations and is not tied to a specific orientation of management of people, philosophy or style of management. Therefore, the term Human Resource Management refers to the employees, an elementary resource in an organization, besides other assets that enables an organization to achieve its goals (Baum, 2006, p.2). Not a
The Caribbean islands are known for their rich culture and exotic festivals, which were shaped by an unparalleled tropical setting. However, due to the migration from the Caribbean and the formation of large Caribbean communities in the US, Canada, and European countries, the carnivals were transformed and helped the diaspora shape its sense of identity. Many countries in the Caribbean saw their population leave in search of better employment opportunities. However, due to Jamaica’s size, it remains one of the main sources of migration in this region (Glennie & Chappell, 2010, para. 5). Even though Jamaica is a peaceful country located in a beautiful part of the world, it is a country with a weak economy, one of the slowest growing developing economies in the world (Jamaica Overview, 2016). The fact that the country relies heavily on tourism means that there are few job opportunities outside tourism. In 2015, the unemployment rate was estimated at 30 percent for youth (Jamaica Overview, 2016, para. 5). The high unemployment rate and the change in the migration policies led to the mass migration of Jamaicans to the US, Canada, and the UK, which started in the 1960s. The largest Jamaican populations are now living in these three countries, although other European countries have their own smaller Caribbean communities. In the US, the largest Caribbean Communities live in New York City and Florida. Over the years, Caribbean Americans contributed to the development of every aspect of the American Economy. Many skilled workers took important roles in medicine, teaching, and retail, and influenced political activity (Chamberlain, 2002, p. 23). The culture of the Caribbean is now celebrated during National Caribbean-American Heritage Month. Outside the US, the Caribbean migrants saw much more moderate success, mainly due to racial discrimination. However, nowadays Afro-Caribbeans are well represented in European arts, literature, and sports (Chamberlain, 2002, p. 24). From a cultural standpoint, the Caribbean diaspora is very diverse since almost everyone in the Caribbean came from somewhere else. The culture of the Caribbean is a combination of European, African, Asian, and other influences, and continues its globalization through the ongoing migration. The prominent feature of the Caribbean culture is its carnivals, which started on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago and spread to other islands of the Caribbean and the diaspora all over the world. In the late 19th century, the carnival was condemned by the whites as a violent and immoral activity. Attempts were made to stop the carnival from happening but were met with heavy resistance, which led to the acknowledgment of the carnival by the government. By the middle of the 20th century, the carnival was completely in control of the government, and the subsequent increase in funding and participation from the majority of sectors led to the popularization of the carnival and made it more commercialized. Nowadays, the carnival is the main attraction of the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago, al
The Supreme Court ruling made in June this year allows local governments to force home and property owners to sell out and make way for private development. This has thrown home and property owners into a panic. The ruling has a message that no one owns his home as per the Washington Post’s interpretation. But a closer look at the law is nothing than what the writer says. No one really owns his home if one can be forced to sell his home for whatever reason. Human rights activists and property owners have come out guns blazing to reject the ruling by filing for an appeal. They say that the ruling contravenes the Fifth Amendment to the constitution, which prohibits the government from taking a citizen’s property unless it is for public use only. The ruling also contravenes the teachings of a free market existing in the US. A free market means that the exchange of goods and property between individuals is done through the mutual agreement without coercion or intimidation to buy or sell. In such a market, transactions are done only on the basis of a willing buyer and willing seller. Unfortunately, the ruling on the property by the Supreme Court is characteristic of a regulated market. The rule thus denies the economic sense of the rule of demand and supply. This is very detrimental as it will affect the demand and supply of properties and homes, thereby throwing the economy in disarray. Economists, on the other hand, have been quick to question the possible implication of such a ruling which may lead to the imminent fall of the housing sector. Developers and private development agencies are worried about the panic that has been aroused by the ruling. Colander (2008) writes that there is a very strong relationship between the right to freedom and the right to own property. He says that the right to freedom allows one to do as one pleases, even with his property. This is a very crucial connection between rights and democracy. He also adds that economic growth is more vibrant in a democratic nation, and one demonstration of democracy is the observance of human rights. The ruling thus goes against economic sense and free-market dynamics. In the long run, it might bring down the housing mortgage sector as individuals will be afraid of owning property lest they are forced to sell out. To preserve a free market and the right of property ownership, the ruling should be reviewed.
Introduction Fraud is one of the major problems faced by organizations and financial institutions. The main aim of financial institutions and other companies is to make profit with minimum cost. However, there are some instances where most companies have done projects at higher cost than they anticipated and therefore the projects have resulted in losses rather than profits (Carey, Tanewski and Simnett, 2000). Likewise, most financial institutions have collapsed due to lack of funds or experiencing losses rather than profits. Studies have shown that losses that most financial institutions and other companies have incurred have been caused by fraud. Some development projects have also stalled around the world because of fraud. To prevent further losses in financial companies, government institutions and other organizations, financial auditing should be considered (Subramaniam and Ching, 2006). Description of fraud and auditing Financial audits are very useful because they ensure credibility of companies and organizations where money is involved. Audit reports can make investors know whether their investments are safe or not. At the same time, stakeholders in any business venture can know the state of their investment after auditing has been done. Any person who may want to commit financial crime can be afraid of the action that might be taken if an audit report reveals that funds have been misused. Auditing can simply be described a process of checking financial statements to ascertain their credibility (Dunn, 2004). If any fraud has been committed within an organization then it can be detected through auditing and an audit report made public to relevant people. Fraud is a way in which an individual or a group of individuals can dishonestly benefit from value of money or a
Recommendations Crown ltd. is a private corporation based in Australia operating two major resorts facilities in Perth and Melbourne. The company has in the recent past initiated projects that will ensure carbon emissions are lowered in its facilities. Since Crown ltd., operates in the hospitality industry, the company has been keen active in undertaking measures to reduce carbon emissions by its employees and hotel guests. The company has so far undertaken major several initiatives that ensure carbon emissions lowered (Sedorovich 2010, p. 48). Some of these initiatives include Crown Eco-Shoots and Carbon Offset Programs launched in relation to reducing carbon omissions by its employees and guests. However, the company could launch other policies and programs in order to curb carbon emissions (Pizam 2012, p. 168). One such recommendation to the company is to launch a program that ensures use of green energy through use of solar energy. Crown Melbourne and Perth facilities receive a lot of sunshine days in a year and this could be utilized within the hotels to reduce outsourced electricity. In terms of food offering, the company should contract suppliers who undertake green farming methods since this will reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Pettersen 2011, p. 122). Crown ltd. handles a lot of guest every year and thus having plans for recycling of food, packaging and water waste will ensure reduced carbon emission that result in dumping. In its restaurants the company should come up with an oil recycling program and make use of biogas generated from its food waste. Food waste recycling through use of compactors and balers leads to less landfills in disposals (Brebbia 2011, p. 91). In terms of curbing indirect emissions, the company should encourage its employees to make collective transport arrangements such as staff buses or make use of bicycles. In addition to its installed optimum lighting and heating systems, the company should in the future design buildings that are eco-friendly and utilize minimal energy in its maintenance (Chen, Sloan & Legrand 2012, p. 77). In relation to the company’s deliveries, Crown ltd. should work with suppliers who make use of efficient vehicles which run on hydrocarbons or bio-fuels. Moreover, sourcing foodstuffs locally will greatly reduce the distance and energy used in delivery thus leading to less carbon emissions.
History of Africans in Puerto Rico Puerto Rico is a self governing incorporated island of the United States of America. It is located in the northeastern Caribbean and forms one of the Spanish American states and is neighbor to Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Jamaica. Initially the inhabitants of Puerto Rico by 1500s were the Tainos, who were later colonized by the Spanish who were attracted by the gold mines available in the island. Due to oppression by the colonial rule, the Tainos population was greatly reduced and Africans were brought from Africa as slaves in the island. When the gold mines got depleted, Spanish colonizers left and Africans were left as the majority group in the islands. The slave trade which was thriving by the late 16 th century witnessed a great number of Africans from West African countries being transported to America and West Indian colonies. The African culture in Puerto Rico is drawn mainly from the Yoruba people of West Africa who ended in the country through slave trade. For a long period of time Puerto Rico remained under the influence of Spanish culture. Soon after the withdrawal of the Spanish rule in the island, the United States of America took over the possession of Puerto Rico. The Americans introduced English language in the island to replace the former language which was predominantly Spanish. However, after the introduction of Puerto Rico to the commonwealth countries in 1952, Spanish language was reintroduced as the official language. Puerto Rico has since remained a territory of the United States of America with a governor but under the authority of the president of the United States of America (Irizarry, Mills-Torres, Vega, Rivera, n.d, Para 11). The influence of Africans to the culture of Puerto Rico has been felt from the period Puerto Rico was given independence in 1873 (Pariser, 1998, p. 30). African influence on music and culture in Puerto Rico Alleyne (2002: p. 125) indicated that the African influence in the culture in Puerto Rico has been absorbed into the national culture and is appreciated and practiced by people across all races represented. This aspect is exhibited by the influence of Africans to music which is played and enjoyed by Puerto Ricans of all color. Further, Alleyne (2002, p. 126) illustrates that the African influence in music is particularly recognized in the musical form of ‘bomba plena’ , and also to some extent in danza and salsa. The African influence is characterized by the use of drums and vigorous dancing styles. The African influence to the music of Puerto Rico has gone beyond the bounders of this island to influence music in the neighboring states. It has been demonstrated that popular Puerto Rico musicians who perform song composed and performed with a heavy borrowing to the African culture have influenced the form of music in the region. Some popular musicians of Puerto R
President James Monroe declared the Monroe declaration in 1823. The declaration stated that US was not ready to accept any advancement in colonialism either in the North or South America. The declaration stated that any steps taken towards colonising any part of the western hemisphere would be considered as a hostile action towards the US. The declaration also made it clear that existing European colonies would be respected. The doctrine stated that the US would refrain from actively participating in European political issues including its wars (World Affairs 1). It was claimed that the invasion of French on Spain to restore a former King must have lead to this declaration. This declaration has been noted to have significantly shaped the US foreign policy which was heavily aligned towards isolation from the world nations especially Europe. The policy was aimed at keeping the European continent from interfering with the western hemisphere (World Affairs 1). The Fears of George Washington Foreign Issues were splitting US George Washington expressed his fears on the dangers of permanent foreign alliances in his farewell speech. He believed that the US was in danger if it would entangle itself in the foreign affairs of other nations particularly those from Europe (Senate Documents 23). It was reported that the US was slowly beginning to be divided on issues of foreign affairs. During the French revolutionary wars the Federalists had taken sides with Britain while the Democrats had taking sides with the French. The democrats made attempts to convince Washington to invoke the 1778 treaty of alliance and defend the French against the Britons. The proclamation of Neutrality which later led to the Neutrality Act made it possible for US not to get involved in the crisis (Neutrality Act 1). Foreign Affairs would not benefit the US George Washington advocated for a policy of good faith. In his speech, he advocated for the US not to be involved on a long-term relationship with other nations. He claimed that this would be done by not forming long-term friendships and avoiding long-term hostilities with other nations. George Washington claimed that long-term relationships with other nations would affect the making of rational decisions by the US government because of the need to protect relationship interests (Senate Documents 22). Washington did not see anything good which would come out of long term relationship with Europe. He claimed that the affairs of Europe were not of interest to the Americans in any way. He also saw the isolated position of the US as beneficiary because it made it possible for US to concentrate on its own affairs. US Foreign Policy in the early 1800s In an attempt to avoid entangling itself in foreign affairs, the US adopted an isolation policy in regard to foreign affairs. The convention of 1800 saw an end to all the treaties that the US had with foreign nations. The declaration of Monroe furthermore distanced the US from Europe and warned against any interference from Europe on the Western hemisphere. The US policy on foreign affairs was therefore bent on isolating the US fro
Introduction This paper will discuss the origin, strengths, and weaknesses of the Canadian Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP), and propose recommendations that can enhance its performance. This paper will base its arguments on globalization and federalism themes. As such, it will discuss how globalization has contributed to an increase in the number of immigrants and how the provision of healthcare to such marginalized groups is handled in Canada. IFHP “provides limited, temporary, taxpayer-funded coverage of healthcare to protected persons, including resettled refugees, refugee claimants, and certain other groups who are not eligible for provincial or territorial health insurance” (Citizen and Immigration Canada, 2011, p.1). Globalization is the interconnectivity of cultures and economies and a concerted attempt at the creation of free world markets. This results in readjustments in politics and national policies. This scenario results in the movement of people to new geographical areas in search of opportunities in an unpredictable fashion. Host countries may not adjust budgets to accommodate immigrants. Hence, immigrants have limited access to certain services. Generally, immigrants have limited, if any, benefits in the provision of healthcare services. Immigrants from a significant percentage of the Canadian population. A recent report released by Statistics Canada indicated that Canada has 34 ethnic groups (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2010). The report also indicated that minority groups in Canada are 16 percent of the population (Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2010). As a developed nation with massive opportunities and a stable political system, Canada has attracted a significant number of refugees from across the globe. This environment has attracted refugees from various groups. This paper will analyze the appropriateness of this program in offering healthcare services to both refugees and minority groups. An Overview of the Interim Federal Health Program IFHP covers several categories of refugees. They include those who are not qualified to receive provincial or territorial health insurance and protected persons who have no access to any form of income. Such groups include private refugees, successful refugee claimants, and the majority of individuals who have received a positive decision on pre-removal risk assessment (Citizen and Immigration Canada, 2011). In addition, this program covers refugee claimants from any nation so long as the status of their Designated Countries of Origin is unknown. This means that it is not yet clear if the refugee’s country of origin is considered a country that frequently produces refugees or not. The latter discourages unfounded refugee claims. Immigrants whose immigration appeals or cases are still under review are not covered. IFHP ensures the provision of healthcare services similar to those provided to Canadian Citizens through the Medicare Scheme. Once the immigrants have complied with the necessary legal requirements, they can access the provincial or territorial healthcare plans. IFHP ensures that beneficiaries receive medical attention for a disease symptom, c