ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The U.S-Iran relations emerged as early as mid-nineteenth century. They had a diplomatic, cultural and economic relation. During this period, the two nations were great allies; Iran government did not trust Russian and British intentions but considered America as a trustworthy nation. Throughout the Cold War, the two governments (Iran and U.S.) supported each other since they were all against Soviet Union. United States government went as far as supporting Iranian repressive regimes. Nevertheless, many people believe that it was the Iranians who encouraged Americans to get involved with them. The relationship between United States and Iran deteriorated during Shah Mohammad regime. It worsened after Iranian Revolution that took place in 1979. The diplomatic relation that existed between Iran and United States does not exist anymore today. This paper traces the diplomatic, cultural and economic relation that existed between United States and Iran during 1930 to 1945. U.S.-Iranian diplomatic relations started in mid-nineteen century when Tehran became strong allies with Washington to oppose Russian and British involvement in Iranian affairs. However, this diplomatic relation between the two states became slow after they signed economic treaty of friendship in the year 1856. U.S.-Iranian relations formally began when U.S legation was opened in Tehran during the reign of President Arthur in 1883. In 1888, the first Iranian delegate alighted in Washington (James1978). During his first meeting with President Cleveland, Iranian ambassador asked the president to form alliance with Iran against Russians and British who were interfering with Iranian affairs. The main reason why Washington had interest in Iran during 19 th century was their concern for American Presbyterian missionaries in Iran. The group arrived in Iran in 1830s and Americans were greatly concerned about their well-being in Iran. On the other hand, Tehran was interested in America for protection. The Iranian government saw America as a nation with potential; they could help them encounter their enemies who were mainly Russians and British living in Iran. Iranian government had set a policy of third power strategy and they believed that United States was the best candidate. Iran wanted to preserve its independence and with the help of a powerful nation like United States, they were sure they will manage to do away with Russians and British people who were residing in Iran (Benson 1981). However, few of Iranian nationalists thought that Germany could be the best candidate. Though after World War II, Iran had a change of mind concerning America: the policies set by Washington towards Iran destroyed the image of a compassionate
Introduction Psychological health of sex workers has quickly become an essential public health concern. Linked issues are stigma, alcohol and drug use, discrimination, lower education levels, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Iaisuklang and Ali, 2017). Importance of the Topic   * There are numerous secondary factors affecting health of sex workers.   * Prevalence of mental health issues could be addressed in a relevant way.   * Further policy-making could be generated with the help of increasing mental health awareness. Vital Statistics   * Almost 98% of sex workers report significant difficulties when trying to find a more common job (Ma, Chan and Loke, 2017).   * Most of sex workers return to their initial occupation (Puri et al. , 2017).   * There are financial needs that make the sex work industry one of the “to-go” choices for young adults in need of money (Lyons et al ., 2020).   * At least 30% and 20% of sex workers experienced physical abuse during childhood or before the age of 18, respectively (Rayson and Alba, 2019). Most Common Sex Worker Risks   * There are numerous high-risk behaviors such as fear, threats, substance use, and customer violence (Sawicki et al ., 2019).   * Higher unemployment rates and worsened socioeconomic conditions serve as the follow-up (Lyons et al ., 2020). Reasons for Becoming Sex Workers   * Most individuals involved in sex work do not see it as exceptionally dangerous or damaging (Rayson and Alba, 2019).   * A ‘career’ in the field of sex work could be an attempt to escape the external negativity (Ma, Chan and Loke, 2017).   * Poor interpersonal relationships and a family history of abuse and neglect contribute to the person becoming a sex worker (Ranjbar et al ., 2019). Working Conditions as a Predictor of Poor Mental Health in Sex Workers   * There is a lack of social support (Mo et al ., 2018).   * The overt violence that revolves around sex workers defines the future of this profession (Aldridge et al ., 2018). Identifying Sex Workers With Mental Health Issues   * It could be crucial to review the local market and assess all the possible extrapolations (Rayson and Alba, 2019).   * Even though sex work is legal in some countries, it does not reduce the burden or predisposition to mental health issues (Sawicki et al ., 2019). Are All Sex Workers Affected by Mental Health Issues?   * Not all sex workers are affected by psychological distress (Lyons et al ., 2020).   * Some workers might encounter several mental health issues but they would never report them to anyone (Mo et al ., 2018). How Could We Improve the Environment?   * Complex transformations might be expected to approve of the fact that sex workers actually exist and have to struggle in order to restore their image within society (Ma, Chan and Loke, 2017).   * Without strong administrative measures, the government is not going to change the environment (Tschoeke et al ., 2019). Conclusion   * Mental health issues truly exist and cannot be treated as a momentous health transformation;   * Mental health interventions yet have to be developed in order to create a prolonged list of possible ways of improving the ex
Introduction In the World Inquiry Innovation Bank website, there are different cases where companies have made money by serving community needs. This essay looks at some of the examples of these cases, and tries to investigate if the business is an agent of the world benefits an academic fad or a change in business principles. Examples of these cases London Cleaners take an active part in activities for preventing the environment in London. They have turned to the use of garments which do not harm the customers, and are environmentally friendly. Another famous case is for Portion Pac Chemical Company. This company manufactures chemicals. In the mean time, this company has embarked on reducing the size of the packaging devices so that the amount of energy used can reduce. The company has embarked on production of effective and safer products. Brownfields has started a debt management program which is meant to help people who have intentions of buying real estate assets. Equal Exchange has established a fair trade model to the customers. In addition, they educate consumers on trade issues. Bergey started projects with a positive influence on the environment. They also have the intention to develop solutions to the current environmental problems. The above cases show that a business should be an agent of world benefit. Besides, business principles have changed. It is through the business activities and the profits of these companies that the society should benefit from. This is termed as corporate social responsibility. This is where a company engages in activities outside their line of business, aimed at benefiting the community. London cleaner’s creation of a cleaning system has helped the people in many ways as well as the company winning awards. The award has made the company realize increased sales and profits thus generating more cash to participate in environmental conservation. Portionpac introduction of the packaging system that reduces the cost of energy is particularly useful. This has made the cost of living less expensive to the people as they experience reduced expenditures. The Brownfields Capital cleanup program, restoration of urban planning program, infrastructure development, incremental tax revenues, traffic and pollution reduction are beneficial to the people. These programs have impacted positively on the lives of the people. Planned urban and organized constructions program made movements easy. Improved infrastructure will result to reliable transportation system hence low cost of living. Tax revenue channeled back to the nation makes provision of services and other amenities available. Less pollution has reduced the number of diseases affecting the people. The programs by Equal Exchange have reduced poverty levels. As a result, their sales increase enabling them to make more awareness to the people. Bergey preserves the environment by reducing escalating energy prices. This has made them afford modern sources of energy. Сonclusions In short, businesses are agents for world benefits. Through their
The Authors’ Argument The book “Youth Gangs in American Society” by Sharon Tracy, Randall Shelden, and William Brown argues that gangs have become critical part of the society. Different criminological theories “offer powerful insights into the origin, development, nature, operations, and solutions to these gangs” (Shelden, Tracy, & Brown, 2003, p. 23). Governments should use broad-based strategies in order to find long-lasting solutions to the challenges associated with these American gangs. The book explains why the economic implications of these gangs are undeniable. Scholars and researchers can use different theories in order to understand the origin of these groups. A good example is the social disorganization theory . This understanding can produce new social policies and criminal justice practices in order to deal with this problem. Information Presented by the Authors to Support their Arguments According the authors, gangs have “become ubiquitous in the United States” (Shelden et al., 2003, p. 19). The authors also identify some of the major issues and factors encouraging the youth to join different gangs. According to Howell (2011, p. 48), “inequality, poverty, and injustice have contributed a lot to the American gang culture”. Gangs have engaged in different malpractices in different parts of the world (Shelden et al., 2003). The authors believe strongly that such gangs reflect the American community. The economic impacts of these American gangs are also undeniable. The authors have used various theories to describe the issues associated with different gangs. Scholars can use different theories such as the social disorganization theory to understand the origin and nature of these gangs. This theory explains why notorious gangs have become common in every American city. The “economic inequality between the poor and the well-born explains why differe
Introduction This paper explores organizational strategies that support scaffolding content, techniques of scaffolding information, ways a teacher can scaffold application content, evaluation techniques. Organizational strategies Preparation functions actively on research, recap of previous concepts, and formulating learning objectives. Time allocation, learning concepts retribution, and evaluation function effectively within the strategies such as pre-teaching, tapping into prior knowledge, and use of visual aids. In the lesson plan actualization, these strategies must be actualized within a time limit (Unsworth 31). Techniques of scaffolding information The choice of techniques used in a lesson should augur well with the learners who appreciate practical and interesting learning techniques. Despite disparities in social and regional cohesion, the learner should be in a position to emulate interactive, creative, and inclusive education through proactive and inclusive teaching approach (Allington 45). Ways of scaffolding application content Reflectively, the content of the topic for every lesson must function on the periphery of practicality and relevance in line with the objectives of the study topic, that is, the relation of the theme to contemporary issues happening in the previous, current, and predictable future. They are characterized by facts, concepts, and skills about the subject of the study (Howson 64). Evaluation techniques An evaluation criterion should be in place to measure quantifiable aspects such as consistency in speech and listening, reading, and writing. In addition, the process should operate on the periphery of language and content components which are essential in determining the level of success of a lesson session. The student should be given an opportunity to ask questions related to the topic. These questions may guide the instructor to quantify the success of the lesson in terms of comprehensive understanding level by reflecting on the learner’s perception, distinctiveness, attentiveness, and conceptualization of varying ideas (Slavin 28). Conclusion Scaffold learning involves numerous concepts that function simultaneously and quantitatively to facilitate delivery of a well researched, briefly presented, but properly understood topic for every topic of study. Works Cited Allington, Richard. Essential readings on struggling learners , New York, NY: International Reading Assoc, 2010. Print. Howson, John. Taking control of your teaching career: a guide for teachers , Alabama, Al: Routledge, 2006. Print. Slavin, Robert. Educational psychology: Theory and practice , New York, NY: Pearson Education, 2006. Print. Unsworth, Leaner. Describing visual illiteracies in teaching multi-illiteracies: changing contexts of texts and images in classroom practice , Buckingham, UK: Open University Press, 2008. Print.
The Roman empire did not fall till the mid-15th century. A number of factors, majorly the Barbarians’ raid, contributed to the massive and powerful empire’s fall. Following the empire’s extension out of Italy, the territory became far from the capital, making governance a problematic task. However, the focus is on the Barbarians’ raid and the development of Christianity being significant factors that sped up this massive empire’s fall. The Barbarians were Germanic warriors who incorporated into the Roman army. Though this incorporation initially worked during the reigns of other emperors, it became grievous in 476 CE during Emperor Romulus Augustus’s reign. The Barbarians precipitated civil wars, which saw them engage the Romans into constant domestic bliss. The empire weakened further when it split into two; East and West sides (“Fall of the Roman Empire”). The Westside descended into chaos, while the East flourished into the 15th century. Constantine re-oriented religion by having Christianity towards the East, making it the main religion for the people. Furthermore, political affiliations and sports rivalry in the East birthed two rival groups, the blues and the greens (“Fall of the Roman Empire”). Lives were lost whenever there was an encounter between the two groups. The fall of the Roman empire coincides with the growth and spread of Christianity which started with Judaism. The Hebrews initially practiced polytheism but later developed monotheism, a religious concept that entailed the existence of one God and a covenant. Unlike the Roman and Greek gods, this God did not take pictorial forms (“Christianity from Judaism to Constantine”). Christianity proved to be a threat to Roman leadership as it changed people’s perspective of life, more so, their religious lives. The coming of Jesus in Roman history had a tremendous impact as he influenced many people who turned out loyal and believed in him and his messages. With this insight into the fall of the Roman empire, we realize that there’s still a cultural line between ancient Rome and the contemporary world. Football rivalry seen in the modern world is based on religion and is similar to sports rivalry experienced in ancient Rome. The Justinian law code still forms civil wars in the contemporary world as it did in ancient Rome. It is true to talk about Christianity and Judaism the same way one talks about Greek and Egyptian Pantheons since they all believe in one God’s existence. Works Cited “Christianity from Judaism to Constantine: Crash Course World History #11.” YouTube, uploaded by Crash Cours
The Digestive Tract The digestive tract is one of the human organ systems responsible for extracting nutrients and processing food. Normal work of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by excretion about once a day with a regular consistency of feces. Violation of the norm is manifested with more frequent or infrequent emptying on an ongoing basis, with more solid (constipation) or more liquid (diarrhea) feces. One of the consequences of constipation, if not adequately treated, can be fecal impaction. It is characterized by plugging in the form of solid feces, which closes the colon’s lumen and can lead to the impossibility of emptying and has some complications. Fecal Impaction and Its Reasons Fecal impaction differs from constipation because it poses a more severe threat to the normal functioning of the digestive tract. It is a consequence of prolonged constipation, which has several causes. They include malnutrition, hormonal imbalance, disruption of peristalsis, metabolic disorders, and pancreas malfunction. A fecal impaction is the prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum; feces are hard or putty-like (footnote). Sizes vary from three centimeters or more; their shape can be either round or oval, or irregular (Sorrentino & Remmert, 2020). Usually, fecal plugs are characterized by the presence of chemical elements that indicate improper nut
Organisation’s Approach to Learning An evaluation of Deloitte & Touché Company Learning is a gradual and systematic process that has become even more imperative in the contemporary days with professional competence in organisations being a paramount criterion in evaluating an employee’s performance and pay (Harrison 2005). Rating of workforce nowadays depends largely on a personal level of knowledge, educational level, expertise, and experience as well as several other leadership skills that are integral in determining organisational progress (Sadler-Smith 2006). In a bid to curb the growing challenges regarding organisational performance and employee professional competence, numerous organisations in the current days now acknowledge the significance of employee training and development in organisations (Routledge & Carmichael 2007). Central to the issues surrounding organisational approaches to learning and development, this segment provides a comprehensive appraisal of Deloitte & Touché Company regarding the aforementioned subject. In so doing, this section also describes Deloitte & Touché Company’s organisational policy and its practices and approaches to learning and development. Overview of Deloitte & Touché Company The organisation herein discussion and evaluation is Deloitte & Touché Company that hails from the United States and it possesses subsidiaries with approximately 57,000 professionals embedded by a single purpose, viz. “serving our clients and helping them solve their toughest problems” (Deloitte 2013, Para. 3). Deloitte & Touché Company is a CPA accounting firm that works in four major business areas namely financial advisory, audit, tax, and consulting. Nonetheless, a combination of the four major business paradigms underscores Deloitte’s real strength and all these paradigms are equally significant to this firm. According to the Chief Executive Officer, this financial organisation has been featuring regularly in the Fortune and Business Week renowned business magazines in United States as the best organisations to work in (Deloitte 2013). Since the organisation wor
Introduction Considering the modern environment of management characterized by tight schedules, people hardly get ample time to reflect on their perceived personalities, weaknesses, self-drives, individual values and habits and or strengths. Though people present it with personal feedback from the subjects they manage, they do not always open up chapters of self-evaluation perhaps due the fact that honest feedbacks have little ability if any to cause a flatter (David, 2007, p.34). As a result, only few people adopt steps geared towards creation of the spirit of self-awareness. Evaluating Self-Awareness will be conducted in this paper based on the results of the entire Self-Awareness Assessment in chapter one of Developing Management Skills. Emotional Intelligence Assessment Comparing the sum of the scores garnered in all the elements with results of typical standard emotional assessment test gives an indication of the measure of the degree of emotional intelligence. Upon conducting person evaluation based on the procedures established by David (2007, p.56) in chapter one of Developing Management Skills, I realized that my score was much far below the mean indicating that I ardently need to work on my emotional control, self-emotional diagnosis and emotional response. Defining Issues Test Defining issues test refers a tool used to force moral schemas into acti
Introduction Budgeting is a plan of income and expenditures. It is a forecast by an organization on the expected revenues and expenses and, it is measured against the actual financial operations after a specified period. It is a plan of action written in monetary terms. A budget is a key to financial management in any organization. It is a very important function for the management of hospitals depending on the changes in funding and the competition faced by other hospitals. For healthcare organizations, their plans should be based on the mission, policies, and financial plan of the whole health system. They should be able to measure if the plan has been achieved and, establish any variations arising. Since these institutions mostly depend on reimbursements from the government and other organizations, they should be able to plan well for these funds and account for them after some time. The senior management should liaise with the managers to develop a culture of accountability. The managers of the departments should be able to manage their expenses and their budgets should reflect the cost-cutting and revenue maximization measures. It should be made clear to the managers that their performance and salary reviews at the end of the year will be measured against how well they are able to meet their budgets. This is because, besides being the goal of the institution, it is also a managerial requirement. The management is required to monitor any variances that occur and be able to come up with and implement corrective actions (Clark, 2005, p. 5) Budgeting is important in healthcare financing to ensure that there is an optimum allocation of resources. The departments in these institutions are many and each of them has to be planned for and, the finance department should understand the flow of funds in the institution. A budget acts as a tool of communication in the institutions. The departments are able to come up with their budgets, which are forwarded, to the finance department for compilation. It shows the needs of the organization, the expected expenses, and revenues and this simplifies the running of the hospital. They also enhance the control measures since the organization is needed to carry its operations guided by the budget and any loopholes tha