ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Tyco International was established in 1960 by Arthur Rosenberg, as a research laboratory that dealt with experiment for the United States government, later changing into manufacturing industrial products. However in 2002, Tyco was in crisis amid revelation of corruption mainly within top management, which led to the resignation of the then CEO, Dennis Kozlowiski. At that time, the conglomerate was at risk of bankruptcy. Tyco had over 240,000 employees, thus being a major player in the economy. Despite Tyco registering large profit in the past years mainly through mergers and acquisitions, it was however revealed that its large earnings were because of fraud and accounting tricks. This proved that Tyco was led by fraud, greed, and criminal activities that camouflaged as hard work, allegedly leading to the company’s success. In May 2002, a criminal investigation was opened to investigate the actions of the CEO, Kozlowiski, which included avoidance to pay income tax, and the transportation of $13million in terms of art in to the company’s headquarters, New Hampshire, as a means to escape over $1million sales tax. Tyco absorbed many companies as it rose to a conglomerate, in which it would pay these companies; but, rather than indicating this cost as an expense, it would report it as a reduction in earnings. Therefore, the company absorbed massive amounts of goodwill to about $35billion. In addition, many companies were affected by the crisis of Tyco, since they had invested in the company’s shares, (Kay, 2002). Organizational -behavior theories that could have predicted or explained the company’s failure Culture of an organization determines the type of leadership involved within the organization, as it determines the degree of motivation present in a firm, which results to performance, satisfaction, and development of an employee. Organizational behavior involves people’s behavior in an organization and the way their behavior affects the organization’s performance. According to Cole (2001, p.6), management theory involves goal setting, leadership, employee motivation, teamwork and coordination. An organization is made up of management and employees, with the management duty being to co-ordinate, direct and assign task to employees, who in return tackle the tasks to their best capability. It is however evident that the management of Tyco used employees to perform unethical tasks, like altering financial records and engaging in fraud, actions that are clearly unethical for the organization. Indeed, management fraud can go unnoticed for a long time, as the management has the absolute control of the organization, hence it can engage in any activities as it pleases. When management is irresponsible, there is a possibility for a calamity in the future, which could result to bankrupts; however, Tyco was lucky, as its case did not result to bankruptcy, despite the executive having stolen close to $600 for their personal gain. According to Thoreen (2008, p.28), fraud is committed sometimes as a means of rewarding oneself due to their hard work, a similar case in Tyco where the top management rewarded themselves in term of b
In Chapter Seven of Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, the authors discuss the years after the Revolution and focus on the period started with Presidency of George Washington (Murrin et al. 160). The formation of the National Government during the years of 1789-1815 was associated with many challenging situations, and it was characterized by the opposition of the Federalists and Republicans, among which the important roles were played by Alexander Hamilton, one of the Federalists’ leaders, and Thomas Jefferson, the leader of the Republicans. The presidency of Washington was associated with the accomplishments of the First Congress when the main focus was on the adoption of the Bill of Rights and the establishment of the Supreme Court. Still, the opposition between the Federalists and Republicans intensified in spite of Washington’s impact, and the trigger for the further debates was Hamilton’s financial plan indicating the necessity of creating the Bank of the United States (Murrin et al. 162). Jefferson opposed the initiative pointing at the observed limited opportunities for ordinary Americans. The opposition was also observed in terms of discussing the war between Britain and France. In spite of the declared neutrality, the Federalists were inclined to support the British position, and the Republicans supported the ideals of the French Revolution (Murrin et al. 164). The United States also faced a challenge of selecting the partner between Britain and France in situations with Citizen Genet and Jay’s Treaty (Murrin et al. 166). In addition, the government had to oppose the Indians’ rebellions, and the domestic situation worsened. In the Election of 1796, John Adams won, and the opposition between Jefferson and the Republicans was observed during the following years when the country experienced the worsening of relations with France and the crisis based on the discussion of the naturalization and aliens’ rights (Murrin et al. 167). In 1800, Jefferson won the election and started the reforms oriented to expanding the country’s borders, winning Louisiana, and suppressing the impact of the Federalists. It is important to note that Thomas Jefferson played the key political role in forming the U.S. government and federal principles. The portrait of Jefferson was painted by Rembrandt Peale in 1800
Culture is the entireness of socially imparted behavioral practices from one generation to the other. Culturally transferred patterns, from one generation to the other, play a vital role in the society, and determine the future prospects of that society (Angelo, 1994, p.10). The Indigenous culture in Australia has been systematically broken down since white settlement. In the Aboriginal culture and beliefs, Aboriginal Australia has taken a position of a living legacy of spiritual knowledge and culture. In addition, there has been sharing of different affairs through rituals, art, dance and many more into what they referred as dreamtime (Black, 1983, p.28). The Aborigines believed that their spiritual ancestors descended from the sky. Ceremonial songs functioned to honor legends of the dreamtime creation era. Before the settlement of the Europeans in Australia in the 17th century, there was an estimate of over 600 groups of Aborigines. These groups had different dialects and cultures that gave them identity (Angelo, 1994, p.23). The settlement of the Europeans in Australia had superficial effects on the Aboriginal groups in the continent. Most of the dwellers believe that if they retained their culture as before, the groups’ status could be the same as those of individual countries with different languages like the ones that make up Europe. However, the British attempt to incorporate Australia into their empire, brought their success into an end. The 17th century marks the start of the modern Australian history to most of the individuals. This perception is in contrast with the view of the Aborigines since to them; it marks the beginning of the European invasion. The Europeans expected the Australian natives to integrate into their (European) ways promptly and without any question. The aborigines came across many social attitudes beyond their understanding. In addition, introduction of firearms, alcohol, and other devices took place leading to premature deaths of many Aborigines. The sudden introduction of the social evils from the western world resulted into considerable destruction to the Aborigines who had a cultural aim of living in harmony with each other. The Aborigines became foreigners in their own land since the Europeans had assumed supreme authority over everything on the land (Baldaulf, 1995, p.53). In addition, the Europeans treated the Aborigines in a harsh manner resulting to their inability to access the sacred sites and their hunting ventures ended. The Aborigines went through intense discrimination leading to condemnation and ridiculing of their lifestyle. During the colonial time, regarding of the Aborigines as inferior led to lying down of missioners to keep them away from the society by closely supervising them all the time (Black, 1983, p.32). The colonialists claimed that the main aim of the close supervision was to protect the Aborigines from the Europeans
Alice Bertha and other cultural evolutionists associate the games played by children with the oldest documents in history. According to Alice, most of the children’s games tend to symbolize traditions that seem to be quite complex. In most cases, children usually play and act by aping the actions of their elders. These ideas are still present in the way we write and talk about children. For example, many people often associate bad behaviors among children with poor parenting. If children are not taught how to behave well at an early stage of development, they are highly likely to engage in activities that are against the expectations of the entire society. On the same note, parents who portray misbehavior to their children are likely to convince them to adopt such behaviors. This can be risky because it may not be easily rectified in future. The ideas of Philippe Aries helped to transform the study of children’s culture by showing the importance of protecting children from adult reality. Aries’ ideas also helped to stress the importance of offering good and quality education to children in a bid to boost their knowledge and personal development. A naturalistic’ method of studying children’s folklore is vital in various ways. To begint with, this method is capable of dictating reference frames that are extremely low when using different strategies and methodologies to collect and report data. In this case, the use of a naturalistic reference frame refers to the ability of a researcher to collect and use data from the natural behavioral patterns of children. Such data is usually free from external manipulation that can affect the accuracy of the final results. Secondly, this method allows a researcher to obtain all the required information that relate to children without consulting myriads of diverse sources. This is due to the fact that the method accommodates the use of observation to collect the required data from children’s behaviors that occur naturally. However, it is important to understand that it may sometimes be difficult to identify if the observed behavior is truly natural. Despite the existence of this challenge, it is extremely important to rely on a naturalistic reference frame since it acts as a source of guidance to the researcher. Such a frame also facilitates the evaluation process. One of the main challenges faced by researchers when carrying out ethnography with children is ethical issue. This challenge arises because there is a high chance of children involved in research to be below the required age. This may also be as a result of the dynamics that are observed when defining the role of the relationship that exists between children and adults. Most of the individuals who undertake research in different areas often base their research studies on relationship that exists between peers. Involving children complicates the whole process and makes it difficult to carry out research. In spite of the existence of such limitations, it is vital for rese
Introduction Ethical issues in the healthcare industry occur when crucial decisions need to be made, and the options are limited. The wrong choice may result in a decrease in the quality of treatment, patient health-threatening, and moral distress of employees. In this paper, the ethical issues will be discussed regarding the experience of nursing leaders, the impact of cultural diversity on healthcare employees, and problem-solving. Main body Medical employees can encounter the issue of not speaking the same language with a patient from different background. Furthermore, some countries prohibit families from being with a patient in a critical care unit. However, in some cultures, it is a moral responsibility of a family to stay by a patient’s side at any time. Thus, conflicts may arise concerning the issue of being with a patient. Wagner (2018, p. 97) suggests using “holistic leadership” that considers the health, culture, and emotions of a patient when helping. One might say that it is also essential for a nurse leader to encourage staff to fight their own biases and apply professional attitudes to patients with different cultural backgrounds. Talking about my cultural background, I would say that it was not diverse, and my family has no specific healthcare practices. However, I know that people have different views on treatment and medical practices depending on their cultural background. As a nurse leader, I would encourage the employees to respect the cultural background and do everything possible to provide high-quality treatment with the adjustments made specifically for each patient. If a patient’s or staff’s cultural values are not considered, the reaction to care may be adverse. Cultural sensitivity may have various implications for a nurse leader, such as improved health outcomes or health deterioration, depending on the patient’s choice of treatments. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014) suggests implementing “A Treatment Improvement Protocol” to improve the cultural competence of healthcare employees. This protocol encompasses rules and practices nurse leaders can use to integrate changes and monitor the level of cultural diversity. Conclusion To conclude, one may state that cultural diversity and competence of medical employees in the organization play an essential role nowadays. Medical staff, as well as patients, may have different values, beliefs, or religious adherence that need to be considered whenever care is provided. Thus, patients and employees need to collaborate to understand each other and make a fast and pleasant recovery.
Introduction It is important to note the quality of an audio product, such as a podcast, is highly important since it plays a major part in creating an enjoyable experience alongside the overall content of such a podcast. Therefore, I need podcasts to have clear and crisp voices, and if the audio quality is close to phone tape, I am likely to lose interest and patience regardless of the content. Main body For this class, I am currently using my smartphone as a recording device, which is not ideal for creating a proper product. However, the main advantage is evidently the accessibility and affordability since almost all people have smartphones, and the latter contains a voice recorder. In addition, there is a wide range of useful applications which can improve the overall podcast recording experience. It should be noted that the audio quality of phone-recorded podcasts can be of decent quality, but proper measures need to be taken, such as setting a quiet environment. For example, one should record in “a room with minimal reflective surfaces, as this will introduce a distant, echo-y quality” (RODE, 2021, para. 8). The key disadvantage is that the hardware of a standard smartphone is not capable of producing high-quality and crisp audio, which is why one should consider smartphones as a temporary measure. Conclusion In conclusion, if one expects or plans to conduct serious podcasting on a long-term basis, it is worth investing in a professional microphone and other equipment. The main reason is that a high-quality content of a podcast must be accompanied by high-quality audio in order to create a desirable final product to which people would listen and become regular listeners. Reference RODE. (2021). How to record a podcast on your phone in a few simple steps? RODE.
The butcher’s tale is a vey interesting book that revolves around different dramatic explorations. In fact, the German town ends up embroiled in an anti-Semitic passion. All events in the book can be traced to1990 in a small town whereby a young boy (Ernst Winteris) is found dead. It should be known that the murdered boys’ body is found in a very bad shape because it was dismembered and blood drained from its limbs. This event happens in Konitz, Prussia where the body was discovered by two townsfolk. Most notably, the tied package is discovered near a lake. The body had been disposed of as a package that contained the upper parts of the young boy. Other body parts that were not in the package are found dispersed throughout the town wrapped in packing paper that is used for meat (Smith 21). The authorities in the town had a strong belief that the lad was killed by a local Christian butcher. On the other hand, there are false rumors that spread beyond the towns’ borders that the boy was murdered by Jews. In this case, the rumor alleges that Jews murdered him to perform some ancient rituals. They believe that this was mostly used in the baking of Passover matzo. These rumors were taken seriously by Christians and this led to riots and other violent acts. Most of these violent acts were directed towards the Jewish community that was believed to be behind the murder. All Christians rose up against the Jews because they did not like what they were hearing. As a matter of fact, it should be known that all Jews were accused of ritual murder. In this case, this is the blood-libel charge that has followed and haunted Jews for many years. Smith has been able to reconstruct the murder and events that followed. This is well done in a narrative that culminates into the ensuing storm of anti-Semitism. The most surprising occurrence is the fact that this violent acts occurred in a rather peaceful town (Smith 34). These acts of violence that engulf the town can be described in different forms and terms like hysteria, hatred and bigotry. The book is a modern parable that will continue being relevant as time goes by. This is because it relates well with modern day occurrences that have been triggered by simple events and happenings. A chain of events that follows after the discove
Introduction and current marketing situation Background Melbourne Football Club (MFC/ The Demons) is in dire need of a reinvention. Public support is dwindling after mediocre performances in 2012 and 2013. The past football season has been particularly devastating after the team started by losing its first ten matches. The Demons ended the season at the second last position in 2013. These poor performances elicited dramatic reactions from fans and opponents alike. In some instances, MFC was booed out of the stadium by its own members. In fact, internet blogs were buzzing with calls for resignation of top officials, coaches, players or redesigns of the entire team. The organisation responded by sucking its coach in the middle of the season and getting an interim one. However, this action did not seem to overturn the Demons’ poor fortunes. Now, morale is at an all-time low within the team. Members and supporters of the players want to see an overhaul of the operation and management of the Club. Some of the loyal fans have left the team because they see no hope for the future. There is no shortage of strategies and possibilities that MFC can use to get back on its feet. In the past, the organisation has always relied on media reports to inform the public about their strategies. This has put them in a position where they cannot control what is being said and how it is reported. Some of these media reports have been less than flattering as they already have a bias against MFC. What the club needs is a report about the reengineering of the institution from their side, conveying their own point of view. Rationale The Demons need to rebuild their brand by making changes to the club and marketing these changes to the public. It is likely that this may increase support from former supporters who felt disappointed by the team’s performance and left the club. The goal of this marketing campaign is to restore membership to its original peak numbers. Melbourne Football Club has historically enjoyed a lot of support from people who have been with it for a long time. However, the club’s poor choices have caused a lot of attrition thus leading to diminishing memberships. It is necessary to get back these individuals who had seen the potential of the club and the advantages that it has over others. Getting back former supporters is much easier than reaching out to new consumers at a time like this. Few reasons exist to lure members back, so a marketing campaign is the only way that the club can achieve this feat. By showing its rebuilding efforts, MFC can prove to supporters that there is hope. This may ignite old passions over the team and thus lead to membership restoration. Scope of the plan This marketing campaign is a combination of strategy and promotion. It will revolve around the rebuilding efforts of the organisation. All the changes made during the preparati
Introduction Studies have proved that countries with well-developed financial systems have achieved faster and more stable long-term economic growth. Well-developed financial markets have a significant potential impact on the total productivity of the country which later gets transformed into economic growth. The importance of the insurance sector in the economic development of the country is being increasingly felt, due to the continued increase in the contribution of the insurance sector to the overall financial sector. The parallel and rapid growth of total insurance premiums and total bank assets about the GDP growth has improved the potential for economic development for both developed and developing nations. The insurance companies together with the other mutual and pension funds represent the largest institutional investors in the stock and real estate markets. The potential impact of the insurance sector on economic development is likely to grow further because of the issues like an aging population and widening disparity of income. Globalization also adds up the strength of the insurance sector in this respect. With this background, this paper analyses the role of insurance in the economic development of any country. Importance of the Insurance Sector Rule (2001) identifies that the growing relationship between the insurance sector and the other financial sector signifies the possible role of insurance in the overall economic growth of any country. This is evident from the fact that the insurance companies have increasingly been entering into the financial sector activities by involving themselves in credit default swaps and other risk pass-through vehicles. It may be noted that these activities were primarily remained as belonging to banks and capital markets. The insurance sector can be considered similar to the banks and capital markets, as they happen to serve the needs of the business units as well as the private individuals in the function of financial intermediation. The availability of insurance enhances the confidence of the business participants and as a result, they tend to accept aggravated business risks which lead to the development and stability of the economy. The insurance companies must accept and pay claims and for this purpose, they have to create a reserve and other funds. This helps to create and improve internal cash flows. These cash generations when invested in the capital market results in the creation of more assets and hence contribute to the economic growth of the nation. Insurance as the Channel of Growth The primary role of the insurance sector in any economy is to convert the potential savings of the public into investment projects. In this respect, the role of insurance can be considered important in channelizing resources. According to Rousseau and Wachtel (2001), the important functions of the financial sector in an economy include:   * Improving the allocation of resources by a continued screening of the fund seekers and monitoring the recipients of funds   * Contin