ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Published in 1973, ‘Everyday Use’ is a repeatedly anthologized short story which is studied and appreciated on a wide scale. This short story is written by Alice Walker, which got published in her short story collection – ‘In Love and Trouble.’ The story revolves around three core characters and their perspective on family heritage. This essay will discuss in brief this short story and its plot, and the different perspectives behind it. Furthermore, a substitute title is suggested, which is in relevance to the theme of the short story. ‘Everyday Use’ is a story of a small African family which lived in the south of the country. The family includes a mother, Mrs. Johnson, and her two daughters, Maggie and Dee. The story is told by the mother. According to her, Maggie was the youngest, dull, and not attractive at all. She was a simple and traditional girl who has never left home. On the contrary, Dee, who was the eldest daughter, was educated, deep, and worldly wise. She lived far from her hometown in a college to pursue a good education. The title suggested for this short story is given in relevance to its characters and their different perspectives. As every character of the story concludes with diverse endings, and therefore, it is very significant to study their perspectives one by one. Hence, the title ‘the difference in perception’ is the most suitable in my viewpoint. To understand the story from a different perspective, it is very vital to understand the plot of ‘everyday use.’ This essay will discuss and analyze the plot of ‘Everyday Use’ in a detailed manner. It will make it easy to understand the characters and their perspectives. The story ‘Everyday Use’ tells us the importance of rich family inheritance and lessons which are learned through them. To decide upon whom the valuables of the family history are transferred and how they become an issue of conflict between families are also considered in this report. In this story, the two hand-stitched quilts become the bone of conflict between the two sisters. Those two quilts were hand stitched with numerous interesting clothes which were worn by the family members of the African tribe. Just like the quilt, every individual has a different perspective on how they see the world, and thus their life is a mixture of numerous events and circumstances which tells them how to respond to their surroundings – the world. Just like this, ‘Everyday Use’ is a story of two contrary / conflicting worlds. Recounted by Mama (Mrs. Johnson), the story tells us about two diverse worlds which were personified in her two daughters. How two girls from the same rich inherited family and same community can be so differe
Introduction Humans have always endeavored towards achieving some degree of creativity in whatever they engage in. For any organization that aims at achieving reasonable performance, innovation must be at the heart of its strategies. “Some hold that the capacity to harness intellectual and social capital and to convert that into novel and appropriate things; has become the critical organizational requirement of the age” (Reid and Brentani, 2008, p. 562). A flurry of interest in creativity and innovation in the workplace has occasioned an abrupt shift to knowledge economies. This paper uses different theories and models to show why development of innovation and creativity in an organization may be considered arguable. Creativity Creativity can be defined as the development or generation of new ideas or concepts while innovation can be referred to as the application of a developed idea (Drucker, 2010). Creativity is a mental process and plays a major role in innovation process. Creativity requires interest and much commitment. It may include generating new concepts and ideas, and discovering solutions to existing problems. To an organization, creativity may be referred to as risk taking. Employees may take creativity to be an opportunity to learn more skills (Reid and Brentano, 2008). To develop creativity, organizations need to train leaders and managers on new skills. The people who are involved in the innovation process should be coached, and the organization should also adapt to initiatives that will help change the culture. Leaders and managers need to adopt creativity if they need their organization to be competent. Innovation Innovation seeks to actualize a created idea or concept through application of workable procedures and processes. In an organization, innovation can be viewed in three different perspectives, that is, service or product innovation in which the organization may seek to create different products or services to enhance their productivity; operational innovation (this is the idea of an organization working to improve on how given procedures and processes are undertaken), and business model persp
Every human being tries to find the meaning of their life. The myth about Sisyphus is known as the symbol of the meaninglessness of human toil. There are a lot of different interpretations of this myth. Is human life meaningful or not? Richard Taylor and Albert Camus have different points of view on this question. Richard Taylor’s point of view is opposed to the ancient myth of Sisyphus that presupposes the meaninglessness of life. Sisyphus is known to be punished by the gods for his betrayal. His punishment is senseless about his work. He rolls the stone to the top of the hill and the stone then immediately backs down and Sisyphus has to do one and the same work all his life. This myth presents the meaningless existence of a human being. Sisyphus does not have any sense of life doing the repetitive toil. His every day is a sort of struggle and this struggle is for nothing. This myth has a lot of interpretations. It has been believed that it symbolizes the perpetual rising and setting of the sun, others understand it as man’s eternal struggle and unquenchable spirit (Taylor, p. 583). Taylor interprets the myth in another way. Factually, he points out that Sisyphus has the aim namely to roll the stone to the top of the hill but the gods make this toil pointless as a kind of punishment for him. The results may be achieved only if people work hard. It is a well-known truth that “A cat in gloves catches no mice”. Taylor presents another picture of this myth. He imagines if “all these stone instead of rolling back to their places as if they had never been moved, were assembled at the top of the hill and there incorporated, say, in a beautiful and enduring temple, then the aspect of meaningless would disappear” (Taylor, p. 583). People are accustomed to see the results of their work. If they do not find them they make the conclusion that everything has been done in vain. As far as we do not observe such results of Sisyphus’s work the conclusion of meaningless seems to be justified. Another presupposition provided by Taylor is the desire to work. He imagines that the gods making such punishment to Sisyphus may inspire him to do his work. In this case, if Sisyphus likes to do what he is doing his life is happy. From this point of view, it is not the punishment for Sisyphus to roll the stone as far as he wants to do it. In this case, the gods are presented by Taylor as merciful towards the fate of Sisyphus. Sisyphus may be presented as a happy man who likes to roll stones and he wants this work to be endless. Factually, the essence of toil is not changed from this point of view but Sisyphus’s attitude is presented in another way in this presupposition. Taylor provides the definition of meaninglessness in his work: “meaninglessness is essentially endless pointlessness” (p. 584). Any activity has meaning if there is a resultant culmination of it. It helps to observe the myth about Sisyphus in another way. Life is happy when there is a meaning. We may explain the essence of existence if we find the meaning of human actions. The life that seems to be meaningless may acquire a meaning for a particular per
Endometritis is the irritation or inflammation of the uterus lining or the endometrium, while, on the other hand, endometriosis is the occurrence and unusual implantation of endometrial mucosa (stroma and glands) in other areas apart from the uterine cavity (Petersen, 2006). Petersen (2006) notes that endometritis is as a result of infections that occur as a result of pelvic inflammatory disease, retaining of tissues after a miscarriage, and delivery, infection of the amniotic fluid before and during labor and through sexually transmitted infections. On the other hand, a condition known as retrograde menstruation is the main cause of endometriosis (Desai, 2009). In this case, the menstrual products of menstruation including endometrial cells gain entry into other body parts via the fallopian tube. When deposited in other organs such as bladder, intestines and ovaries, the cells react to estrogen and progesterone in a similar manner as in their reactions in the uterus (Hillard, 2008). The growth of the misplaced cells often results in alteration of both pelvic and abdominal structures, resulting in adhesions (Acton, 2011). Endometritis Symptoms Endometritis is insidious and develops at a slower rate. They are constitutional and reflex as a result of irritation of the pelvic sympathetic nerves. Leucorrhea is one of the main symptoms of endometritis. It takes a longer duration of time before getting diagnosed and the fluid it produces look like the egg white and reddish when produced by the cervical and body inflammations respectively (Hillard, 2008). The second symptom is menstrual disorder characterized by scanty, irregular, profuse and suppressed flow that is painful and prolonged. Other symptoms include; pain and discomfort that may be manifested as a sense of heaviness and pains in the uterus, legs, hypogastrium and loins; sterility and reflex symptoms such as nausea, loss of appetite, digestive disturbance, and constipation amongst others. Endometriosis Symptoms The chief symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain related to the menstrual cycle. Even though, most women experience cramping, women with endometriosis experience an abnormal pain during the menstrual period and may report increase in pain with time (Desai, 2009). Other symptoms of the disease includes; dysmenorrhea, whereby cramping and pelvic pains start and extend many days into and after the periods; heavy periods (menorrhagia) and bleeding in between periods (menometrorrhagia); infertility and pain during coitus, bowel movement and urination, constipation, fatigue, diarrhea and nausea during the menstrual period (Acton, 2011). Treatment of Endometriosis and Endometritis Endometriosis has no cure, but treatment can help in relieving pains and treating infertility. Treatments rely on the severity of the symptoms and one’s urge to get pregnant. Physicians may administer hormone therapy on patients experiencing pains to reduce production of estrogen while treatment for women who wants to get pregnant through surgery and infertility (Desai, 2009). In his observations, Peterson (2006) noted that only a few women with endometriosis experien
Abstract Computer based communication is an integral communication modality within the social, educational and professional environments. However, when using text-based CMC, it is common for people to form prejudice impressions about the personality traits of another individual. This experiment investigated the effect of the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues in computer-mediated communications on personality traits. The findings suggest that the impressions formed about a personality trait of an individual rely on the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues during interaction. Introduction Computer based communication has become more popular and vary greatly with the ways in which individuals communicate within social, educational and professional environments. The differences not only lie in the surrounding environment, but also in the method of communication (Storms, Grottum & Lycke, 2007). Communication entails both verbal and non-verbal aspects. While verbal communication involves exchange of words between individuals, non-verbal communication takes in different forms (Walther, Deandrea & Tong, 2010). Computer-mediated communications (CMC) refers to the communicative transaction involving the use of computers and communicative networks. The scope of computer mediated communications cuts across sociopsychological elements, particularly the topic on online interactions and their relations to everyday life, and to the application of paralinguistic aspects like emoticons (Storms, Grottum & Lycke, 2007). Paralinguistic cues play a significant role in human speech communication. A lot of studies have been carried out in attempts to elucidate how the use of paralinguistic features such as body language, facial expression and posture affect the level of communication (Amant, 2007). It is common for human beings to form prejudices about others even before speaking to them when socializing on a face-to-face basis. These preconceptions are often based on paralinguistic cues like gestures and appearance (Epley &Kruger, 2005). However, in the computer-mediated communications, these impressions would only be formed based on text message interactions. According to DeLamater and Myers (2007), the accuracy of communication is greatly enhanced by the use of multiple cues, as opposed to a single communication channel. Computer-mediated communication features such as lack of social context cues often make this form of communication less personal (Holland, 2008). There is need to gain more insight on how the presence or absence of paralinguistic cues affects the expectations or preconceptions that people form of each other in CMC interactions. Various theories have been proposed in attempts to explain the role of paralinguistic cues in influence the stereotypes and expectancies over computer-mediated communication. Some of these theories include the social context cues theory and the social information processing theory. The social context cues theory proposes that the absence of paralinguistic cues in CMC makes it highly ambiguous (Epley & Kruger, 2005). As a result, people depend on their personal stere
To begin with, modeling is the process that helps scientists understand a specific phenomenon while providing special conditions for its existence. More specifically, it is the “simplification” of the real-world conditions provides an opportunity to neglect different factors to provide a qualitative conclusion concerning the object of learning. From a drug addiction perspective, biopsychological and spiritual models represent the specified isolated “world” where personal influence does not exist so that only the individual themselves might change their minds. On the one hand, the biopsychological model considers psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors that might determine personal addiction. Consequently, the model implements the notion of failure to integrate into society from cultural, biological, and psychological perspectives (Hovarth et al., n.d.). On the other hand, the spiritual model represents the specification of personal relations with God. More specifically, it is God who determines the rules of living in society. As a result, in case of failing to comply with the rules prescribed by God, the person spiritually disconnects themselves from the special “valuation” system and becomes an addict. Finally, both models made a significant impact in studying addiction as a psychological phenomenon in society (Hovarth et al., n.d.). However, when implying their theories in 21 st -century society, it becomes clear that a wide diversity of factors influences a person to decrease their self-significance. However, when the spiritual or biopsychological factors dominate in being a source of an individual’s addiction, the studies provide a qualitative result of the outcomes and possible risks of such addiction. Reference Horvath, A. T., Misra, K., Epner, A. K., & Cooper, G. M. (n.d.). MORAL AND SPIRITUAL CAUSES OF ADDICTION . Gulf Bend Center. Web.
Canada is one of the countries that are generous towards immigrants. On average, 2,000,000 immigrants have moved to Canada over the last decade, earning a “global reputation for an ‘open arms’ attitude” (Green & Gree 1). Until recently, Canada has been hospitable towards immigrants creating the popular myth that, ‘Canada is a welcoming country.’ Historically, Canada’s immigration policies were lax fuelled by the need to fill expansive empty tracts of land given the fact that, the indigenous population was very low. However, by the start of the 20 th Century, the immigration policies were revised to bar non-Europeans from settling in Canada. Nevertheless, the new policies did not last and in 1976, the ethnic barrier clause was removed opening doors for people from all over the world to immigrate to Canada. Consequently, people streamed in from different countries across the world and in 2006, the United Nations Report on International Migration and Development “ranked Canada seventh among twenty-eight countries that currently host 75 percent of all international migrants” (Smick Para. 2). These statistics validate the claim that Canada has been as welcoming as the myth suggests and this results mainly from its immigration position. As aforementioned, until recently, Canada’s immigration policies have been lax and due to this, many people see it as a peacekeeping nation. Canada’s position on immigration is based on three factors, economic, family reunification and refuge. People entering Canada for economic purposes, form the largest portion of immigrants. Concerning family reunification, children and/or spouses are allowed to join their parents and/or spouses who are already residing in Canada. It is important to note that, spouses here include same-sex spouses. Finally, refugees enter Canada on humanitarian basis and they form the smallest group of immigrants annually. As long as anyone qualifies as an immigrant based on the aforementioned factors, he/she receives government support including access to national health care and incorporation into social welfare unions. Moreover, Canada is very liberal in dealing with asylum seekers. Smick notes, “Any person who arrives in Canada can apply for refugee status at any border, airport, or immigration office inside the country “(Para. 6). Again, Canada’s welcoming nature stands out conspicuously. Nevertheless, public and media opinion on Canada’s mission in peacekeeping depicts a different picture from what the welcoming myth paints. The Canadian media and publ
Introduction Disneyland is a park that is regarded as the happiest place on earth. The concept for Disneyland began with Disney Walt when he took his two daughters to visit Griffith Park in Los Angeles. He envisioned a place that both children and adults would go to and have fun. Thus, the idea of a magical land called Disneyland was born in America. It opened its doors to visitors in 1955. The park represents the American culture and it is a recognizable brand abroad. There are two Disney lands in America; one is located in Los Angeles California and the other in Orlando Florida. Disneyland is also found in Hong Kong China. The focus of the paper will be on the differences between the cultures of Disneyland in the United States and China. The differences that will be looked into include, culture, food, architecture, food, interior decorations, products and railroad. The American and Chinese cultures are different and so are the two Disney lands in various ways. Main Street, USA The Main Street is one of the four themed lands in Disneyland. The land is an inspiration of an old town in America. The difference between Hong Kong’s Main Street and American’s are that there is no restaurant at the entrance. It was not built because of budget constraints. The Hong Kong main street borrows its influence mainly from European immigrants. The Plaza Inn mimics a Chinese eatery. The other restaurant is the called the Market House Bakery that is influenced by Vietnamese culture and created by a pastry chef from Vietnam. The biggest difference between Hong Kong Disneyland and American Disney lands is that it is made mostly from wood and not stone. The main street also does not have horse drawn streetcars. The streetcars are represented in concept art found at the park (Feng Shui at Hong Kong Disney 1). Food Food in the Hong Kong’s Disneyland restaurants caters for the local people by proving local cuisines because the Chinese are fond of their local food. Unlike the Disney lands in America that serve predominantly American food such as the hamburger. The Chinese like their spicy foods and the restaurants have catered for that need well. There are also restaurants serving American food but they have cut down on the number of foods like hotdogs in order to serve Chinese dishes like noodles and dim sum (Grover, Wong and Leung 1). Number of visitors Hong Kong Disney has the least number of daily visitors compared to other Disney lands. The low number is attributed to the small size of the park. Visitors who visited the park complain of its small size and overcrowding. The park could not accommodate 30, 000 visitors when it opened in 2005 and many had to wait for a minimum of forty-five