ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Sport Obermeyer, Ltd. is a winter, high performance skiwear fashion company established in 1947. The company offers a “broad line of fashion ski apparel, including parkas, vests, ski suits, shells, ski pants, sweaters, turtlenecks, and accessories.” (Hammond and Raman 1). In recent years, the founder’s son has taken over major management responsibilities as the company’s Vice President, and he is hoping to address some challenges faced by the company. The challenges are in the areas of forecast accuracy, order turnaround time, and the expense of overseas production facilities. Preparation for each season’s clothing line is a two year process. The cycle begins with a lengthy design and prototype production process. Full scale production begins about six months later, and after about a year from initial conception design feedback is finally received from retailers at an important trade show in Las Vegas. This trade show helps in setting market trends and gives retailers the opportunity to begin placing orders for items that are already in full scale production. Sport Obermeyer has major production capabilities in Hong Kong and China. Currently, they are manufacturing about one third of their items out of the Chinese facility due to low labor costs of $0.16 per hour for each employee. The facility in Hong Kong is more costly in terms of labor at $3.85 per hour for each employee. However, the Hong Kong facility offers higher skilled employees, and thus has a greater ability to adhere to restrictions and regulations, such as those imposed by the U.S. government. The Hong Kong facility also has the ability to produce smaller minimum order quantities of 600 units per style, while the Chinese facility requires a minimum order of 1,200 units per style. One of the setbacks of the organization is the long production lead time. It takes 2 years from the initial design process to the time the product gets to the sales line. This is due to manufacturing delays, as well as the distant location of the factories. Another problem is the inaccurate forecast of sales and demand, as the market keeps fluctuating, the ability to determine the level of sales becomes hard to establish. This leads to a difficulty in distributing the product and properly allocating the resources according to the customers’ wants. The product variety is also an area of concern, as the organization struggles to find the needed design and
Ethics refers to the practices that humans adapt in the provision of services in a way that shows humanity and social consideration of the person being attended. In the health sector, there are ethical issues that need to be adhered to so that the public is served in a way that is socially acceptable (Coleman, Bouesseaub, & Reisb, 2008). There have been cases of disparities in the provision of health services in many regions worldwide. In addition, infectious diseases have led to the deaths of many persons in different places around the world. There has been a need to foster international cooperation in the monitoring and surveillance of various health aspects. The promotion of health is a key factor in addressing non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes type 2. Transparency and accountability in the health sector have been said to be crucial in the development of the health department in many nations. The aim of this paper is to address these ethical health issues, while giving real life examples in regions where they have been practiced or neglected. However, a lot of emphasis will be on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The application of ethical principles in public health will be discussed as well. Disparities in Health Status, Access to Health Care and the Benefits of Medical Research Differences in the health sector are seen in the inequalities that are experienced in the medical field. The World Health Organization (2014) indicates that many nations around the world have elements of disparities when it comes to the delivery of health services to the communities. Some of the reasons that the WHO gives as contributors to the inequalities in the provision of health services include the level of education, income status, gender, the status of employment, and ethnicity in some cases. Inequalities in the medical field bring about social and ethical injustices. The development of any given country is hampered by practices such as disparities in the health sector. It is argued that the richer a person, the more access to health services that they get. On the other hand, the poorer a person gets a lesser attention and inadequate health care from the health personnel, as indicated by Kronfol (2012). An example of a region that practices disparities in the health sector is the United Arab Emirates. According to Blair, Grivna, and Sharif (2014), the United Arab Emirates region is said to have inequalities in various health issues. These researchers go on to say that research has been carried out on the effectiveness, accuracy, and consistency in the tests that different health personnel carry out on the same diseases over a particular period. The researchers say that there were a lot of inconsistencies in the way tests were carried out. They attributed this scenario to income statuses of the respondents, where those who seemed to be richer were subjected to comprehensive forms of tests, whereas those who appeared to be poorer were given relatively poorer kinds of tests. Also, different tests were said to be performed by various insurance companies. The question that aro
Metropolitan Edison Company the petitioner in this case, operates licensed nuclear plants at 3 Mile Island located in Harrisburg. One day (TMI-1) one of its plants was closed for refueling reasons. On that same day, (TMI-2) a second plant ended up suffering a fatal accident that damaged reactors causing a number of concerns. As a result Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) ordered the company to close TMI-2 plant till the operation safety of the plant could be evaluated. In addition, the commission published a hearing notice which entailed an invitation to parties that were interested to submit their briefs explaining the impacts of the accident to the psychological harm or any other indirect impacts of the accident or operation return of the first plant. The group called Respondent People against Nuclear Energy (PANE) was an association of individuals living around Harrisburg who were opposing further operations of TMI-2 reactor. The group submitted their brief asserting that; operation renewal of TMI-1 will lead to stern psychological damage to those individuals living around Harrisburg, damaging the stability, cohesion as well as the well-being of all communities living in the vicinity. However, NRC did not take into consideration the contents that were submitted in the brief submitted by PANE’s. As an effect “PANE ended up filling a petition in the Court of Appeal with the aim of reviewing the content of National Environmental policy Act (NEPA), inter alia , for NRC to consider contentions that the association presented in its brief” (Openjurist.org, 1983). The Court ruled that, NRC failed t
Social Definition of Sexuality Human sexuality is a social construct expressed primarily through behaviors, attitudes, experiences, and beliefs. An individual’s sexuality defines the person’s personality in terms of sexual behaviors or attitudes (Sprecher, 1998, p. 118). As such, all individuals are sexual beings regardless of their sexual orientation. As Sprecher puts it, “sexuality is not necessarily defined by one’s sexual orientation or feelings but includes beliefs, activities and attitudes that shape the cultural notions about sexuality” (1998, p. 119). This implies that the individual perceptions regarding the social environment influences the attitudes or believes with regard to sexuality. Similarly, the descriptions or attributes of gender (masculinity or femininity) vary from one society to another. These are reflected in a society’s values or attitudes with regard to sexuality. In most cases, masculinity and femininity is an issue of social consensus. Consequently, perversion is regarded negatively and unacceptable in most societies. In general, sexuality encompasses the gender roles and gender identities, sexual pleasure and eroticism, sexual orientation and reproduction. It is experienced through fantasies, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, relationships, social roles and values and is a function of cultural and social factors. The social and cultural influences on sexuality are reflected through gender roles, stereotypes and sexual behaviors and attitudes. Sexuality and the Society Sexuality and gender are weighty issues in the society as they influence social participation and development. Its repercussions relate to poverty and economic marginalization of especially women. One way that sexuality influences society is through gender. Gender entails the society’s expectations of male or female in terms of role or identity (Sprecher, 1998, p. 124). From this perspective, the society expects men and women to conform to the roles or identity of either gender not transgender. In this context, sex outside marriage, open expression of sexual desires and same-sex sexuality are considered pervasive and subject to social stigma or sometimes violence. Thus, sexuality defines the gender stereotypes with no transgender or other sexual expressions. Sexuality also influences the roles of women in society. Ideologies surrounding sexuality normally aim at controlling women and girls with regard to education and socio-economic participation. According to Hyde and DeLamater (2006, p. 147), socio-cultural norms pertaining to sexuality restrict women’s mobility and dictate actions over their bodies. In particular, female genital mutilation and early marriages deny women or girls education, which limit their economic participation. In addition, women campaigning for gender
The medical assistant is a profession that requires years of healthcare education, hard work, and stress-resistance. People who choose it as their major have to realize that they will see human suffering often. At the same time, the job of a medical assistant is rewarding because in it one contributes to the well-being of other people. Medical assistants are trained professionals who help doctors and nurses to care for patients. This career choice may be a stage before continuing education in the health sphere. Assistants are responsible for making the doctor’s challenging job as comfortable as possible, especially under stressful circumstances. Students who cannot be attentive under pressure should not consider receiving a degree in medical field since not noticing the inconspicuous details could lead to a patient’s death in a critical situation. I personally do not foresee myself being a medical assistant because of the responsibility this career puts on a person. Successfully passing the challenging tests does not guarantee that one will be ready for the medical
Property: 20 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA 5000 This is a rental apartment located in the South of Australia. It is currently rented at $250 per week. It is large, air-conditioned and has one bedroom. It also contains a spacious living room and one car park. The Hindmarsh property has facilities like a pool, gym and spa. It neighbors Rundle Street, Hindmarsh Square and Rundle Mall. Its indoor features are an alarm system, a study, a dishwasher, a workshop, and built-in wardrobes. Its outdoor features are: a shed, above and in-ground swimming pools, a deck, a tennis court among others. Additionally, one is able to enjoy eco-friendly facilities from the house. For instance, there are solar hot water and panels as well as a greywater system ( Adelaide Property Data & Trends 2011 ). Adelaide Property Data and Trends The current cost of a median property in Adelaide is $550,000, and the median property cost is $300,400. Demand ratio The demand to supply ratio portrays that from July 2011 to April 2012, approximately 23 individuals were searching for a house within Adelaide. A demand ratio is a reflection of the average number of individuals who are viewing each property. Demand is the figure of Adelaide houses that have been observed within a given week. On the other hand, supply is the number of properties that have been featured on the Adelaide real estate within a given week. The demand ratio is obtained by dividing demand by supply within a given period. Therefore, the higher the figure the more popular the Adelaide properties are ( Adelaide Property Data & Trends 2011 ) . Supply and Demand for properties in Adelaide Supply shows the number of properties that were listed on realestate.com at a given period of time. In this case, a week has been used as the period. Demand measures the level of individuals that have been observing the details of the properties that are in the realestate.com columns in a given week. The excel sheet attached calculates the ratio of demand to supply. This is done by dividing the percentage change in demand by the percentage change in supply in a given week. Interest Rate Trends and yield The interest rate trend provided by the Reserve Bank of Australia shows that between July 2000 and July 2001, interest rates had been dropping. Between July 2001 and July 2008, interest rates rose while between July 2008 and July 2009, the rates dropped again. However, they started to rise from July 2009 onwards ( Adelaide Property Data & Trends 2011 ) . Since 2007, market yields have been ranging between 200 and 300 basis points across all forms of stocks. This is an equivalent of 0.02% to 0.03% interest rate. Between May 2011 and April 2012, the median house price in Adelaide has been rising and falling. In May 2011, the median price was $795,000 while in March 2012, the median house price was $550,000. This shows that the value of the house dropped by $245,000. On the other hand, the median unit price has been affected in the sam
Introduction Stress has an adverse effect on human health; it leads to numerous health complications if not effectively managed. When stressed, people risk suffering from stress-related complications. According to Ciccarelli & White, 2012, health can broadly be divided as physical health (free of diseases) and psychological health (being able to make sound decisions). When under stress, an individual’s decision making capacity is hampered making the person psychologically unhealthy (Ciccarelli & White, 2012). This paper discusses the relationship between stress and human health. Stress and health There are numerous theories and researches on stress and health, they all agree that stress has an adverse effect on human health; the statement goes “a stressed man is an unhealthy man”. Although human life cannot be free of stress, it becomes unmanaged stress which causes havoc to human body and mind . According to psychologists, human body is “wired’’ to communicate with the state of the mind; the communication is meant to protect threats against predators and other aggressors. The statements predators and other aggressors used to mean life threatening activities or actions which include meeting deadlines, fighting back, reacting to a certain situation, or making life challenging decisions. The challenge facing human kind is failing to understand the right way to manage stress; in most cases the activities they engage in lead to more stress (Ciccarelli & White, 2012). When someone is stressed for a long period, he or she exposes his body to uncontrolled brain cortisol and other stress managing hormones, which in turn can result in health complications like eczema, obesity, depression, digestive problems, sleeping challenges, and heart diseases. Human stat
Introduction: Importance of Employee Records Human Resource Management (HRM) and Employee Relations (ER) are interdependent components, which ensure that the firm has a well-developed pool of employees with the right competencies to reach organizational goals (Phillips & Gully, 2013). Paying substantial attention to these aspects allows the company to create its distinct competitive advantage and maintain its market share. Consequently, discovering the vitality of these matters is the primary goal of this essay. In the first place, keeping employee records is highly important for HR practice. For instance, accurate information about the employees assists in providing the rationale for the termination of the contract (Buzkan, 2016). At the same time, it could be used as a source of data on employees’ performance and their ability to reach organizational goals (Buzkan, 2016). Furthermore, keeping records in an organized manner can help avoid lawsuits concerning the compensation system and unreasonable layoff (Buzkan, 2016). Nonetheless, some of the employers disregard the importance of record-keeping and have to face adverse consequences. For instance, the absence of employee records can be a potential cause of insufficient decision-making and unreasonable hiring or firing of staff. Subsequently, it could adversely affect employees’ satisfaction and commitment leading to the low quality of the services and low retention among consumers. Simultaneously, as it was mentioned earlier, the employees are definers of organizational success, and their ineffective distribution can lead to the loss of a distinct competitive advantage. Formal and Informal Documentation The records can be maintained in formal and informal forms. In this case, the formal one usually refers to the files and agreements required by the legal authorities (McConnell, 2011). In this case, the documents are represented by payroll records and employment and compensation agreements (McConnell, 2011). As it was mentioned earlier, the employers rely on this data during the decision-making process. Nonetheless, this type of documents also serves an additional purpose and protects the employees. For instance, the workforce can refer to the employment contract in case of the illegal actions of the management and its unlawful termination. Despite the importance of formal registers, one cannot underestimate that informal documentation is also significant. Informal records can be presented in the plethora of forms including the “manager’s anecdotal notes” and KPIs related to one’s performance (McConnell, 2011). In this case, the employees can take advantage of these notes when facing controversies and prejudice. For example, referring to performance excellence and effective relationship with other tea
The brain, which carries the memory of the species, is a complex and delicate organ believed to carry the functions of the species. The process is called the reuptake process as expressed by Arnold (2005). The cardiac clock is believed to be involved in memory formation at night which is based on the “circadian modulation of long term memory formation” and “Long term Regulation of Glutamate Uptake in Aplysia” (Christopher, 1997). Myths in our society make people believe that the human brain has unlimited capacity for knowledge acquisition and storage, but this is disputed and psychologists explain that people can store only some information for a particular time, and the ability to change the contents of the memory over this time is limited. This paper will discuss the question of whether memory is biologically programmed and how it can be improved. Researchers indicate that synapses in a young child’s brain, used in brain formation disappear if not used, making it harder for children to learn, for instance, language. The age of 10 is crucial in the development of attitudes of people, groups, or things (Nicole, 2009). Scientists have found ways of writing directly to memory in a living brain, this is by seizing control of brain circuits and creating a memory of an experience that has never occurred, but this was successful in insects but the human brain is complex and it is hard to do so. The human brain when monitored (neural activities), working out what is going on in the mind in terms of perceptions, actions and understanding make it a complex affair (Page, 2009). To maximum use of the brain, one needs to combine or make the right side of the brain (right hemisphere) and the left side of the brain (left hemisphere) work together. The left hemisphere is responsible for words, logic, numbers sequence, linearity, analysis, and listing. The right hemisphere is responsible for rhythm, spatial awareness, imagination, daydreaming, color, and dimensions (Arnold, 2005). Generally, the human mind is difficult to predict since it is not fed with any information at birth, the brain is fed with the information as it grows. Programming the memory may be hard since it would involve changing the biological system of the brain which may result in distortion of the memory already stored. Many experiments carried out are done on non-human species; this is because there is an assumption in biological psychology that organisms share biological and behavioral similarities which make it enough to give a conclusive summary across species. This is also similar to neuron -psychology which has a huge reliance on the study of human behaviors with the nervous system dysfunction