ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
New England Bound book by Wendy Warren reviews the period between the 16 th and 19 th centuries, the age of disproportionate slavery on the American continent and European colonization. This book centers around the sixty-year time frame between Desire’s journey and The Selling of Joseph’s distribution, showing how bondage worked in a juvenile pilgrim society and what it looked like, all in all, toward the start of the English frontier venture in North America. In clarifying how subjugation functioned as of now, New England Bound likewise underlines that it worked as of now. Subjugation was in England’s American provinces, even the New England states, from the earliest starting point. While such affluent New Englanders were all the more straightforwardly put resources into the Atlantic slave economy than were their kindred homesteaders of lesser means, subjugation was an always present reality in any event, for a significant number of the settlement’s normal specialists, mariners, and farmwives. The book consists of an introduction and seven chapters, each containing a section that starts with a citation from Ecclesiastes, a book of the Bible that captivated, among others, the transcendent Puritan pilgrim John Cotton. The writer uses many primary sources which are the personal notes and records of slaves themselves. The book includes the diaries and reports of famous colonial writers who were slave owners or slave traders. She also integrates some secondary sources from famous historians’ accounts and academic journals such as A Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. This book is a reliable text since it has been used as reference material in several historical conferences and lectures in world-renowned events. One of the main aims of this book is to recuperate a portion of the existence of those hundreds, even a great many individual slaves who ended up living and working in seventeenth-century New England. Warren contends that servitude was important for daily existence in the early English states of North America from their beginning. The awfulness of property servitude is inheritable, super durable, and commodified subjugation. It is the issue that rules the account of such countless other early English endeavors at colonization in North America and the Caribbean that scarcely shows up in the narrative of soonest New England. The author’s focal postulation is that John Winthrop’s “city on a slope” was established on a monetary framework that connected New England to the estates of the West Indies and the transoceanic slave exchange. The Winthrop family at first made their abundance by sending the rural produce of New England to the sugar states of the West Indies. A significant number of these vendors additionally put resources into the sugar provinces, frequently becoming slaveholders at an eliminate. Warren appraises that however much 40% of New England’s economy h
Introduction The focus of this a paper is on outlining the relationship supposed and existent, between the state and society in the understanding of developmental theories particularly for developing countries. The implied position underlying the focus objectives of this paper come from the understanding that the influence of society on the state and vice versa is unavoidable. To effectively zero in on the explorations of the supposed relationship the two; the terms ‘state’ and ‘society’ must be defined. Various contributions have been advanced as the definitions of state. Main body Perhaps the most appropriate one which is used in mainstream domains is that which holds that a society is body of human individuals which is peculiarly marked by patterns of relationships between the individuals which have a common and distinctive culture and value systems. (Jenkins 2001, 54) In this domain culture is also defined as a sum of a people’s values, beliefs, norms and traditions among various aspects that relate to who the people actually are as a group or as individuals. Culture definitions that acknowledge the estate of a people’s culture as a result of various internal and external forces will be more valuable for the purposes of this tract. From a broader perspective society has been defined as an economic, social as well industrial ensemble where-in various people(s) live together. (Jenkins 2001, 54) The members of the society may be from a different ethnic group and in some case the entirety of a society may be a collection of a particular group of people such the English or the Jews, etc. In other cases the term can be used to refer to huge population domains like the western or African society in a general sense. For the purposes of this paper the term will be used as reference to the body of human population which falls directly under a particular state and within precise geographical parameters called countries (Franz Oppenheimer, 2001, p. 51). The state on the other end has been defined as a political association with working honor and independence over a particular geographical area. The association must be representative of a populace. (Peter Laslett 2001, p 16) The scholar further outlines that these may be nation states or sub-national states or in other cases multinational states. What is important is that the state constitutes institutions endowed with power to create rules that set the framework in which the society can be governed in a desired harmonious manner. From the onset the concept of governing in its own right is a means by which the state shapes the society (Raymond Williams, 2002, p. 43). There is an overwhelming evidence to substantiate the notion that society does influence the state. This has been based on the underlying understanding that the governing institutions that constitute the state are formulated and framed within the culture confines and various value systems of the society within which they function. The society here ca
Frederic Chopin is often considered by many music critics as one of the most prominent representatives of Romanticism in music. Among his most famous works, we can single out the great number of etudes, sonatas, vocal pieces, mazurkas, and many others. However, this composer is mostly renowned for his ballads; they have always been a subject of thorough analysis because they represent the evolvement of his style and performance technique. In this paper, we are going to compare Ballades Op. 23 and Op 52, the first and the fourth ballades, these waves of peace have always attracted close attention from many performers and music theorists. While discussing these opuses, we should place special emphasis on such aspects as their meter, structure, scale, themes, variations, tempo, and some others characteristics that cannot be disregarded. At this moment, it is rather difficult to advance any arguments but in my opinion, these two ballades illustrate how Chopin structured his musical pieces and how his approach changed over seven years, it became more complicated mostly in terms of performance. However, we should not limit the analysis only to this narrow framework. Before analyzing these musical pieces, it is of crucial importance for us to discuss such concepts as a musical ballad. Traditionally, it is a literary genre, which can be defined as narrative poetry. Chopin was arguably the first one to create a musical ballad. It should be taken into consideration that the composer was to some extent inspired by the poems of Adam Bernard Mickiewicz, one of the greatest Polish poets (Samson, p 88). Yet, it is impermissible for us to say that the composer only creates musical narration, such an approach does not reflect all the complexity of the authors works. In part, he describes the inner world of a person, his or her mood, and most intimate feelings. As far as Ballade Op. 23 is concerned, we may say that one of its most distinctive features is dissonance, which means that Chopin gives preferences to unstable combinations of tone; this musical piece is full of rather unexpected notes that aim to disrupt the overall harmony. It would not be an exaggeration to state that dissonance has always been peculiar of the famous composer (Smialekl, p 64). Nevertheless, it should be taken into account that the author deliberately uses dissonance, it signifies the change
Non-profit organization prosperity depends on the number of loyal donors and volunteers it has. According to this article, the authors argue that the relationship between loyalty and success is wide. They have established that donors and volunteers can be loyal but not offering donations or contributions. The process of measuring donors and volunteers loyalty and their value to the organization is more difficult and if not carried out can lead to ineffective service delivery. This may force the organization to deplete it resources thus being dissolved. The authors of the article recommends that managers should approach this issue using a method known as Customer Lifetime Value instead of using traditional metrics system to measure the value of donors and volunteers. If this method is adopted by a non-profit organization it will them regularly when making decisions to establish the donors and volunteers and prospects to retain and acquire, the donors and volunteers. This is when the organization is unable to reach out to and the amount of resources to be spent on each donor and volunteer section (Kumar and Rajan, 2009, Pp.27-28). Customer Lifetime Value if adopte
Young children develop communication abilities as soon as they are born and their perception of the world begins. This process starts way before they can talk and is expressed in diverse ways that may be considered minor but are important developments that pave the way for literacy. In this context, literacy is considered the possession of the ability to read and write. A long but interesting journey precedes this state and it begins almost at the moment of birth. Infants and toddlers learn in radically different ways when compared to adults. Since they are born with what can be called a fresh brain that has no prior impressions, their alacrity for knowledge is much stronger than older people. This makes them view the learning process as a holistic undertaking in which every available facet can be applied; physical, mental, emotional and social. When viewed physically, young children quickly learn that books are meant to be read and for this to happen; they must be held or placed on some support, probably with fingers used to guide the eyes in moving across the pages. When viewed mentally, young children realise fairly early that what they learn, such as words and their pronunciations, must be committed to memory so that they can be applied in future. Emotionally, children who are learning literacy skills adapt certain attitudes, such as paying attention when being taught, which they are aware will facilitate the education processes. Lastly, the social angle shows that in most societies where there’s a modicum of literacy, young children embrace the education process, and the resulting literacy, as a means to acquire knowledge and progress in life. All these education processes take place simultaneously with no distinct beginning or end from the moment the child is born to the age of proficiency in literacy as adults. The key resource for young children in acquiring literacy is language. These are the words, their pronunciations and the methods by which they are combined and used as understood by a community. Once young children have crossed the stage of learning how to speak a language, it is much easier to teach them how to read and write it. This is because they will be already familiar with the words that they come across, which makes the learning process easier. This is the point where adults’ contribution proves valuable. By responding to young children and helping them whenever they try to repeat or pronounce words, adults satiate the curiosity which soon progresses to the stage of reading and writing. Youngsters also learn the flow of conversations from talking to adults and this is crucial when the construction of words, sentences, paragraphs and conversations comes up in the learning process. Punctuation and speech are also facilitated when open communication with adults is maintained. Programs dedicated to the enhancement of literacy in young children tend to be centred on one particular activity; reading. T
Abstract Because of the fact that some games demand the use of physical force, they are often considered as brutal by sports amateurs. Yet it must be admitted that in certain kinds of sport, the use of force is demanded by the rules, which does not make it more brutal or cruel. Since every kind of sports involves certain physical activity, it releases the energy within and allows to get rid of stress. However, some people still consider that sport makes people violent, mainly because of the sport episodes with the participants losing their temper shown on TV. It will take much time to assure people that going in for sports does not involve getting too rough and becoming senseless. Still there is some hope that people will change their mind about sports if they listen to the ideas of the modern psychologists. With some professional opinions involved, it would be easier to convince people that sport is not as black as it is painted. Violence in Sport: Playing the Game Clean On-the-Field Violence and Professional Football: The Points of Contact In spite of the fact that numerous kinds of sport involve certain degree of field violence, the reasons for such behavior are far from being skin-deep. Some of them root in the sphere of people’s subconscious, and it takes much time to drag the true reasons for the “antisocial” behavior into the light. As numerous sociologists admit, some games do involve certain degree of violence in the field; there is no reason to worry, though, as long as the participants understand that this is merely a game and that as it stops, the opponents will turn into friends. Yet sometimes violence in the field crosses the boundaries of what has been allowed. One of the greatest questions of the modern sport psychology is why this happens so. Bell (1987) says that this is an integral part of the game which bears certain resemblance to a tradition: To the innocent eye there seems to be very little violence on the field, contrasted to U. S. football or boxing or even bullfighting. At least there appears to be no more violence than at any polistic game, and less violence than at many. (34) Thus, the actions of the sportsmen can be hardly treated as violent, and the football players have nothing to be reproached for. This is their masculinity which makes them act in a rude and brutal way. This is the instinct of a fighter awoken which makes the players act in such a way. It is doubtless that masculinity is to blame for the disorders in the field. Still it must be kept in mind that even the toughest game must be fair and just. Does Playing Sport Causes Men’s Violence? Due to its relaxing and healthy effect, sport can hardly make one act violently. Because of the fact that sport makes the energy within aim at certain object, a ball in most games of sport, one will not be able to give way to the emotions in an anti-social way. Sportsmen understand perfectly well that everything happening on the field is a part of the game which is not meant to harm the others. It must be admitted, however, that games of sport sometimes turn too brutal w
Joseph Nye is a prominent analyst in the field of international relations. His views regarding types of power and its implementation are widely studied all over the world. In “The Future Attempt,” Nye tries to summarize the ideas expressed in his earlier works and to perform a profound analysis of power’s character in the twenty-first century. “The Future Attempt” represents a systematic examination of the power phenomenon. In the first part, the author enlightens some of the already discussed concepts, such as the soft and hard powers. Nye also suggests new ideas on the peculiarities of the economic and military powers here. The second part focuses on the increasing importance of social networks and mass media’s impact on everyday life. The final chapter is devoted to the analysis of smart power. Nye tries to speculate upon the most efficient strategy of the power’s engagement in the modern world. The general idea of the author is that a strong military power is insufficient for solving international problems in the current political and social environment (Nye 229). Although the book is aimed at representing a thorough analysis of some complex political issues, Nye’s style is ultimately simple and clear. The author does not confuse his readers with an abundance of specific terms or notions. On the contrary, the book is full of vivid examples and parallels, which makes it intelligible to a large public. “The Future Attempt” provides valuable insights into the current state of world politics and the changes it is undergoing. The author’s systematic approach enables the reader to receive a full idea of the concept of power, its subtypes, and the variants of its engagement. Works Cited Nye, Joseph S. The Future of Power , New York, New York: PublicAffairs, 2011. Print.
One of the great modern age benefits is found in the abundance of health information readily available to the public. However, while the vast majority of it is well researched and essential in helping people, a great deal is also false and can lead to trouble. In the early 2000s, the problem of false claims made on health-related websites was already widespread and worrying (MacFarlane et al., 2020). False or inflated claims about various products and foods’ nutritional and health benefits concern medical professionals. One of the most commonly consumed items in our larders is also one with some of the most myths attached – milk. While many myths have been debunked, many remain convinced that milk can do no wrong, regardless of the lack of scientific support. Everyone has seen media supporting the seemingly endless health benefits that come with drinking milk. While milk certainly has certain health benefits, particularly in the early developmental stages, some of the tales about its powers verge on the fantastical (Fardellone, 2019). As public confidence in health claims is high, these tales widely impact public opinion (Roe et al., 2018). One of the critical claims made surrounding the benefits of milk centers around the role of milk in severely diminishing the risk of osteoporosis (Eguez, n.d.). A further claim centers around the role of milk as a weight-loss stimulant, a claim endorsed by the ultra successful ‘Got Milk?’ campaigns that dominated dairy advertising for nearly thirty years (Daddona, 2018). One of the claims made about the benefit of milk is specific to women and focuses on the need to consume milk in pre-menopausal years to prepare for upcoming bone loss (Shiffer, 2019). Indeed, the information regarding the benefits and risks of dairy consumption is at times so little based on scientific fact that rival claims exist side by side. While some claim that milk consumption leads to clear skin, others speak of the possible risks of acne incurred through daily consumption (Hart, 2020; Eguez, n.d.). This is, however, an improvement on those sourc
Modern society could be characterised by the increased importance of the business world and its blistering growth. Besides, the last dramatic changes in technologies and approaches conditioned the reorganisation of numerous companies and organisations structure (Priem, Li, & Carr 2012). However, human resources still remain the crucial factor that determines the success of a certain business and promotes its further evolution (Schroeder 2012). In this regards, Sendogdu, Kocabacak and Guven devote their paper to the investigation of the relations between human resource management and the organisation’s performance. The choice of the main theme of the research is rather logic as the peculiarities of the last decades prove the unique role human resources play in the functioning of all projects (Walsh, Sturman, & Longstreet 2010). The authors were obviously motivated by the increased attention given to this aspect, and numerous works devoted to the precise analysis of the impact efficient human resource management might have on a company. Therefore, the researchers delve into the complex relations between human resource management and the development of the organisational commitment needs. Yet, HRM practices become the main aspect of their study as Sendogdu, Kocabacak and Guven (2013) proclaim that the appropriate method and efficient model might enhance the organisational performance and contribute to the significant improvement of the companys showings. The authors also tend to explore the relationships between individual HRM items and organizational commitments using the companies which operate in the province of Konya, Turkey, as the background for their study. Yet, the investigation of the given issue could provide credible data needed to determine the efficiency of various HRM practices. For these reasons, the authors also tend to provide the information needed to evaluate the potential outcomes and make a certain conclusion related to the above-mentioned issues. The character of the given research conditions the choice of the methodology which should be used to analyse the given issue. To evaluate the efficiency of HRM practices and provide the credible conclusions it is crucial to investigate the relevant statistics that describe companies showings in terms of the usage of various practices (Khatri & Gupta 2015). A number of other scientists also adhere to the same methodology while analysing the given issue (Mishra & Akman 2010). The authors collected the material about 2815 companies registered in Konya Chambers of Industry (Sendogdu, Kocabacak, & Guven 2013). There also were four randomly selected sectors which had already implemented TQM and other practices to improve the quality and performance. The managers of the given companies were interviewed to collect the data related to the functioning of various departments and the usage of HRM practices. The given methodology resulted in the collection of the credible information needed to evaluate the potential outcomes
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed by former President Barrack Obama on March 3rd, 2010. The timeline of the events that culminated in the ACA commenced in 2009. In September 2010, the earliest provision of the Affordable Care Act was put in effect, while on June 8th, 2012, the Supreme Court endorsed the law and enforced ruled the single debated obligation as a tax. October 1st, 2013, marked the launch of an online exhibition for purchasing health insurance coverage. From 2014 through 2017, the ACA attracted several rulings and provisions. For instance, the act considerably transformed the healthcare structure in the United States, decreasing the number of persons and families rewarded with uncompensated healthcare. The ACA supports individuals who cannot afford an insurance plan and obliges each American to obtain health insurance. One of the primary objectives of the ACA was to magnify health insurance coverage, reduce healthcare costs, and eventually improve access to healthcare. Among its many improvements, the ACA extended medical insurance coverage to adults with incomes lower than 133% of the federal poverty level (FPL) within the participating states (Courtemanche et al., 2018). While the act provided vital benefits for home healthcare, its amendments also the quality of care may have been endangered. Some of the mandated benefits had been proposed to inspire care for the elderly. Accordingly,