ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Amazon Rainforest is located in South America’s Amazon basin, with the majority of the forest found in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. However, the whole forest territory covers six other nations. In total, the Amazon rainforest covers nine nations. Due to the biodiversity of the Amazon, its destruction would pose a great threat to the lives of individuals who are dependent on it and the ecosystem around this rainforest. In addition, an increasing number of countries would also be affected by the destruction of the Amazon rainforest due to the interrelationship between humanity and the general ecosystem (Nepstad, 2007, p. 1) Issues Leading to the Destruction of the Amazon rain Forest Forest destruction in the Amazon has been a continuing phenomenon despite the awareness that has been created regarding this issue. Thus far, many reasons have been put forth as to why the destruction is taking place. The most notable reasons that have led to the destruction of the Amazon include climate change, agriculture, infrastructure development, and industrial development. Climate Change Also known as global warming, climate change is a major contributing factor to the destruction of rainforests, and the Amazon is no exception. According to Clemmitt, scientists are of the view that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels attributed to continued human activities have resulted in rising global temperatures. The implication then is that the earth has become warmer (2006, p. 73). The Amazon contributes in a major way to the issue of global warming, and yet the prevailing climatic conditions still pose a threat to its destruction. The Amazon, through its forest cover, consumes most of the heat that comes from the earth, thereby preventing it from reaching the atmosphere. This way, the Amazon helps in the control of climate conditions. It also acts as a reservoir for carbon emissions emanating from human activity. Furthermore, the Amazon drains most of its rivers to the Atlantic Ocean (Nepstad, 2007, p. 7, thereby helping to cool temperatures in the surrounding areas. Its destruction, therefore, means that rainfall levels and the climate in such far areas as Texas will also be affected. Agriculture Deforestation with a view to creating space for agricultural activities has become rampant over the years, with people and their governments hiding behind the shield of economic growth that results from such activities. For example, in the period between 1993 and 1998, Brazil made major economic growth. These five years also coincided with the period in which great destruction occurred to the Brazilian Amazon (Butler, 2008, para. 2). Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is mainly a result of cattle ranching and commercial farming, where large tracks of land are cleared for the planting of pasture for cattle, the establishment of ranches, as well as subsistence and commercial plantations. The export of meat products
Pope Urban II is known as a person who contributed to the first crusade by providing his convincing speech. He appealed to the pontiff for Christian compassion, emphasizing that Jerusalem is seized by the infidels, the Holy Sepulcher is in their hands, and Christian pilgrims are persecuted. Due to the fact that there are several version of the identified speech, historians interpreted this speech differently and presented arguments in support of them. It is critical to analyze the way they positioned their interpretations and identify the most relevant ones. While some historians wrote their versions of the speech by Pope Urban II based on their presence during it, others focused on other people’s evidence or being in Clermont at that time. In particular, Fulcher of Chartres is one of the most trustable historians who presumably documented the speech before 1100. 1 In turn, Historia Iherosolymitana may be found among the works of Robert the Monk, who reproduced it several years after the speech as he was at Clermont. According to Munro, Baldric of Bourgueli provided the speech version after 1107, yet he was present at the Council during the speech. One may note that both Gilbert and William of Malmesbury used Fulcher’s work as a source of their own versions. The reconstruction of the documents created by the mentioned historians allows considering and evaluating their content in order to reveal the most appropriate speech documentation. The historians support their arguments by referring to other authors or stressing that they were at the event. Some historians left unanswered the topics regarding Turks and praise of Franks. Compared to other historians, Gilbert misses the majority of points. A range of topics composes the versions of the identified authors, while their comparison is essential for understanding their value. For instance, the appeals for assistance from the East may be found in Robert, Baldric, and Fulcher, while Gilbert and William did not mention it. Accordingly, the sufferings of Christians are presented by all historians in a varying degree except Gilbert who noted only torments of pilgrims. As claimed by Robert Monk and Fulcher, Pope Urban II is called the knights to conquer the East: he demanded that they subjugate the land of Jerusalem. 2 In other words, the pope appealed not only to religious feelings but also to the greed of those of his listeners who were surrounded by the sword, so that they would seize the treasures of their enemies. The point was to withdraw a torrent of knightly freemen from Europe, which was detrimental to the most feudal landownership, as well as satisfy the aggressiveness of knighthood at the expense of the infidel in remote countries. In my point of view, the interpretations of Fulcher and Robert present a magnificent hymn in honor of the crusading actions. The seizure of Jerusalem, which crowned the crusading epic, was described by Fulcher, who praised it as one of the greatest events in the history of Christianity. Gilbert em
Introduction Atherogenesis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity from Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), particularly in the Western World. In hyperlipidemic patients, low-density lipoproteins (LDL’s) responsible for transport of cholesterol and triglycerides in vascular system undergo macrophage- and endothelial cell-mediated oxidative modifications. Modified LDL tends to aggregate in arterial wall, and is taken up by macrophages, which in turn converts to foam cells (Aviram & Fuhrman 1998, pp. S45-S50). These produce plaques in the arterial wall and blocks blood flow. Effective diets that reduce blood lipid, especially LDL levels, and more importantly prevent oxidative modification, are useful in prevention of CHD. Dietary supplements which contain mono-saturated fatty acids and poly-phenols, and are rich in vitamin C and E have anti-oxidant property. Epidemiological studies revealed that these may prevent CDH events. In this paper (Jenkins et al. 2008, pp.1636-1644) authors have tested strawberries as against oat bran bread as source of anti-oxidants in the patients already on lipid-lowering diet. The purpose was to examine whether strawberry supplement can affect the various blood lipidic parameters and can attenuate LDL oxidation. A larger implication was to evaluate the efficacy of such diets in prevention of atherogenesis. In my opinion, despite profound relevance of the subject, the paper suffers from some weakness in objectivity, methodology and interpretation of the results. Body Authors have tested the hypothesis that ellagic acid and anthocyanins, anti-oxidant ingredients of strawberry, effectively alleviate the oxidative damage of already lowered LDL in hyperlipidemic pat
Brief History South Korea came into existence in 1945 after the Second World War. This followed an agreement in Potsdam conference reached by the allies. The 38 th parallel was made the boundary between the southern zones controlled by the United States forces. The Northern zone was occupied by the USSR. Syngman Rhee was elected the first president of the US zone in 1948. A Republican constitution was adopted by the national assembly. On August 15 1948 a new republic was proclaimed and recognized on December 12, 1948 by the United Nations. Geography and climate South Korea lies below the 38 th parallel and is a bit larger than Indiana. Its Eastern side is mountainous. The west and southern parts are occupied by many harbors in its offshore islands and mainland. The land is approximately 37,911 square miles or 98,189 square kilometers. It borders North Korea to the North,China to the west and Japan to the South east Japan has 10 cities. It is also mountainous with 13 mountains of over 3000 meters above sea level, 35 above 2000metres, 54 above 1000metres and 29 below 1000 meters. North Korea is mostly suburb with several mountainous has only five cities. China has 24 cities but is mostly rural with Beijing as the largest city with a coastline that approximates 6,228 km. The highest point is 1950m above sea level. Its climate is defined by its peninsular and mid latitudinal location. It has a moderate climate characterized by four seasons. July and August are the hottest parts of the year with heavy rainfalls. February and December are the coldest parts of the year. Autumn and spring are mild and dry and are considered the best time to visit the country. Political System The president is the head of state elected by a popular vote for a five-year term. He is also the commander -in- chief of the armed forces. With approval of the National assembly he appoints the prime minister. Legislative power lies with the government and the national assembly, while the executive power lies only with the government. The National assembly has 299 members. These are elected for 4 years. 56 members are by proportional representation while 243 are members in single-seat constituencies. Main political parties are Grand National party (GNP) Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Uri Party and the Democratic Party (DP). The are many political pressure groups, for example, the federation of Korean industries, federation of Korean Trade Unions to mention a few.Th
There is a great number of different forces which influence human beings and make them go further, develop themselves and investigate something new, even if it is hidden somewhere deep in a persons soul. These acts of self-cognition and negotiation of own fears, problems and taboos demand great power, will and bravery. The last one can be called one of the most important qualities which human being possesses. The long way usually starts from the first step and to make this step a person should be brave enough to cope with the fear of change and uncertainty. Being a very important issue, bravery was praised by a great number of authors and a great number of masterpieces of the world literature are devoted to the investigation of this question. The novel The Bath by Janet Frame and the short story The Hollow of the Three Hills by Nathaniel Hawthorne also make readers think about the manifestations of bravery. These two works center around the stories of two women. Being different, they, however, describe the womens determination to perform their intentions, though it demands great bravery from them. The first novel under analysis is The Hollow of the Three Hills by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This writer is known for his adherence to dark romanticism. In his works, he often touches the issues of sin, guilt, and evil. Being tightly interlaced in his works, these issues help to create a unique atmosphere, peculiar for all his works. The Hollow of the Three Hills is not an exception. The story centers round the life of a young and beautiful women, who had some sins in her past, which she wants to forget. However, she realizes that it is no use running from problems as they will still catch you. Being a kind and loving women, she could not forget her close people. That is why she agrees to the witch’s proposal. Having agreed to this ritual, she signed a death warrant to herself. Though, she did it voluntarily. She could not but suppose that she would die; however, she agreed. This case can be taken as the manifestation of her bravery. She was not afraid of the old witch and the place which was rather horrifying. Moreover, she managed to overcome the fear of
The primary theme of the poem concerns dreams. However, the author implies that not all dreams are achievable and demonstrates it through the example of an old knight. The form of the current poem is narrative poetry. It tells a story of a knight in search of the golden land – Eldorado. The poem highlights the long journey and shows how the traveler transformed from a gallant knight to an old man on the brink of death in his pilgrimage. Edgar Allan Poe uses rhyme as a primary sound device. The structure of the poem is AABCCB. The author rhymes the two first lines and the fourth and fifth lines. In every stanza, the third and the last lines end on SHADOW and ELDORADO correspondingly. Edgar Allan Poe vastly uses metaphors and sight sensory in the poem.
Abstract Secret Window tells the story of a writer who succumbs to a psychotic break after discovering his wife’s infidelity. He lapses into a split personality disorder causing him to kill his dog, burn their matrimonial home and finally, to murder his wife and her new lover. He does not grieve for his losses successfully. His denial of the events makes it impossible for him to recover from the loss of his wife. He behaves fine when he is Rainey, but does grave acts when he is Shooter. It is only at the end that the audience realizes Rainey and Shooter is the same person. The 2004 movie, “Secret Window” starring Johnny Depp as Mort Rainey is a horror film depicting the life of Rainey as a writer with a dissociative disorder. The opening scene of the movie shows Rainey driving to a motel where he finds his wife Amy cheating on him with Ted Milner. It sets the stage for a lengthy divorce that drives Rainey to a psychotic breakdown. Rainey is a writer and is about to release a new book titled, “Secret Window”. He is struggling to finish the last chapter because he is suffering from writer’s block. As such, he opts to leave their matrimonial home to go and stay in his cabin out of town, somewhere in rural New York. Before Rainey moves out of town, a man named Shooter visits him and confronts him. Shooter claims that Rainey stole his manuscript. He demands that Rainey comes out clean by admitting to plagiarism. Rainey dismisses him as a sick man. The next day, Rainey finds his dog stabbed to death using a screwdriver. He calls the police and later hires the services of a private investigator to uncover Shooter’s whereabouts. Shooter pays him a visit one evening and asks Rainey to fix the ending of the book. Rainey insists the book is his and arranges to show Shooter proof. He refers to an article based on the book published earlier than the date Shooter claims he wrote the story. Soon after, Rainey investigator turns out dead and Shooter tells Rainey that the murder ties back to him. Therefore, Rainey sinks the car with the investigator’s body in a stone quarry filled with water. In the end, it turns out that Shooter is actually Rainey’s second personality caused by his dissociative disorder. This becomes clear after Shooter burns Rainey’s matrimonial home, and at the end of the movie, he murders Amy and her new lover Milner outside his cabin, this time as Rainey, but while speaking with Shooter’s accent. The main crisis in this movie is Rainey’s split personality disorder. It enables him to commit heinous crimes without any remorse. One of the gruesome acts is the killing of his dog. The movie does not show how he kills the dog. It only shows the dead dog with Rainey’s screwdriver stuck on it. The dog is an innocent party and therefore shows the gravity of Rainey’s problem. On the other hand, the murder of the investigator is also gruesome, using the same screwdriver. These crimes take place under Shooter’s personality. In the closing moments of the film, Rainey, kills his wife and her lover in c
Introduction As a matter of fact, Jerusalem is not only the capital of Israel; it is a spiritual center, which attracts a number of people every year. The city is considered to be sacred to three major religions, namely Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The busiest city of Israel is Tel-Aviv. It is the major business and financial center. A kibbutz is a unique place in Israel. Agricultural communes can be found only there. They are characterized by common property and the equality of all the members in labor and consumption. The primary purpose of the paper is to evaluate the tension between old, new, progressive, and conservative Israel. Diversity in Israel Israeli society is culturally diverse, Jewish and Arab cultures are the main representatives. After 1948, the Jewish community became dominant and multicultural 1 . Jews returned after scattering from many countries and acquired new cultural peculiarities. They have created a state of immigrants who were raised in a different cultural environment. Zionism The research regarding the factors that affected the formation of Israel as a state should center on Zionism 2 . In other countries, the ideas that were provided to the population became an integral part of their culture. Modern Israel was born out of the belief itself. It is worth highlighting that there would be neither Jewish society nor the state itself without the idea to unite. One of the most important discussions within the Zionist movement was centered on the question concerning what kind of culture to create, namely old one or new and progressive. From the very beginning, people realized that there should be an interaction between old and new, between east and west. The Zionist movement stimulated debates regarding this subject. However, it should be stated that the focus of these discussions gradually shifted towards a better understanding of Israel as a state. A number of different tendencies within the Zionist movement emerged, each of them has developed its own approach and answer on the question of what kind of culture should flourish in Zion 3 . All the movements realized that the idea of creating a brand new Jewish world meets their expectations in the best way. Under the influence of Theodor Herzl, political Zionism centered attention on the interaction with progressive Western cultures. Religious Zionism, in turn, focused on the need to study Torah 4 . As for labor Zionism, the supporters of this movement believed that the work on the field, as well as the working men and women who are building their own life, will lead to the fact that the culture is going to be based on the relationship between a human being and his land. Conclusion In conclusion, it should be pointed out that the movements are well-represented nowadays in the way the country is functioning. There is a constant struggle between past and future, east and west. Tel-Aviv is a modern, highly developed, and progressive, business and financial hub, Jerusale
Introduction Employee counseling at the workplace is an activity that is being adopted by many organizations (Navare, 2010). This has been deemed necessary due to the constant pressures and the increased levels of stress in people’s lives, especially the workforce (Cooper, 2000). In the workplace, employees have been pointed out to be in need of counseling due to the various challenges that they face. Managers have decided to employ permanent counselors in their organizations in order to provide employees with an opportunity to air their views to the correct persons and get professional help. The human resource management team has even used counseling as a tool to attract potential employees and to retain the existing ones. Counseling has also been used by organizations to increase the quality of their employees. There is hardly any company that has stress-employees. With the nature of today’s corporate world, stresses are a common thing. The stresses come about with the daily activities undertaken by employees (Vartia, 2001). They include issues to do with managing tight deadlines, meeting the organization’s set goals and the lack of sufficient time to attend to personal issues or to cater for family needs. Another issue in the workplace that leads to the increase in stress levels in the employees and the need for professional help (counseling) is workplace bullying. This paper will provide an analytic literature report that would report on the findings of the interview with the Human Resource manager. This would entail the issues of counseling in the workplace. It will also relate the findings of the interview with literature pertaining to counseling and specifically on workplace bullying. The gaps on the issue of counseling will also be looked into critically. Findings of the interview with the HR manager For this assignment, we interviewed the human resource manager of DHS. The interview was very informative because we were able to understand how the organization armed itself with counseling as a weapon in order to combat any issue facing the employee in the workplace. We were also informed of the various steps that are followed during counseling. We were also made to understand how the employees in the organization are informed of the availability of counseling sessions in the workplace. DHS generally provides two types of counseling. The manager does the first session of counseling. This is where the manager hears out the issues of the employee and determines the seriousness it deserves. If the issue can be handled by the manager, it is solved and the case is closed. However, if it is a serious case, then the Employee Assistance Program is provided. This involves three sessions. This is whereby the individual is allowed to access an external service in order to receive counseling from an independent counselor. The corporate culture of the organization (DHS) encourages employees to use the assistance of professional counselors since the organization believes that the employees should be open and voice their concerns. Since the organization requires that all employees understan