ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Team selection is a very important aspect of project management which should be handled in a careful manner (Juli 2010, p. 23). The success of any project depends on the quality of team members selected for the project. Project managers have the responsibility of making sure that the working characteristics of team members are clearly observed before coming up with the final list of their team members (Juli 2010, p. 23). The personality and skills of workers are among the criteria used to select a team to work on a project. The defined requirements of a project have to be met and the method used to select and build a team affects the performance of a selected team. The role of each team member should be understood by other members to enhance good working relationships within the team (Juli 2010, p. 23). Belbin’s theory of team roles is very vital in modern day team selection. According to Belbin’s theory, the behavioral strengths and weaknesses of workers should be used to select team members. Information on people’s strengths and weaknesses can be used to improve working relationships and productivity within a team (Juli 2010, p. 23). Self-awareness and trust among team members are very important elements in creating a strong and effective team. A team selection criteria based on behavior helps a great deal in identifying team roles. Project managers are able to use the strengths of team members for the benefit of the organization (Juli 2010, p. 25). Project managers who are aware of the weaknesses within the team are in better position to manage them in the best way possible. The plant role represents the situation where creative and talented individuals who are good at solving problems are drafted into the team (Juli 2010, p. 27). The monitor evaluator is needed in a team to make impartial judgments in a logical manner. It is important for every team to have a monitor evaluator with a dispassionate approach to issues (Juli 2010, p. 27). A successful team should have a coordinator who can delegate duties and ensure that the goals and objectives of the team are realized (Juli 2010, p. 79). Resource investigators are very important to a team because they spy on the opposition’s activities and bring useful outside information to the team (Juli 2010, p. 79). It is very difficult for a team to execute its strategies and plans without implementers. Implementers come up with workable and realistic strategies and ensure that all of them are executed in an efficient manner (Juli 2010, p. 79). According to Belbin, a team must also have a completer finisher who can point out the errors in a project and ensure that all the quality standards are met (Juli 2010, p. 79). A good team must have team workers with good interpersonal skills who can bring unity within the team and at the same time be ready to work on behalf of the team (Juli 2010, p. 99). A good team must also have shapers who can motivate and challenge other team members to ensure that they remain focused on the task ahead of them. Every team needs specialist with an in-depth knowledge on important areas and c
The biologist T. Dobzhansky once said, “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” The interconnection between life and evolution remained a mystery until the radiance named Charles Darwin illuminated the scientific world with a novel piece of work titled “On the Origin of the Species using Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life” published in 1859. It was a result of a voyage on HMS Beagle for more than five years, combined with great observations, tedious note-making, and extensive collaborations with field experts to understand the collected data. Darwin (1859) showed how species altered through a process of natural selection, and how all the life on earth evolved slowly over millions of years. The essay aims to outline and present evidence for biological evolution. Logic and evidence of Biological Evolution . Biological evolution is the method of alteration in Organismal characteristics over time due to genetic variation and natural selection. The evidence for evolution can be from multiple sources- the fossil records, the chemical and anatomical similarities in organisms, the geographical distribution of related species, and recorded gene-based evidence. Fossil records are present in sedimentary rocks and there are gaps or ‘missing links’ due to incomplete data collection. Archaeopteryx , a fossil found in Germany, had toothed jaws and a bony tail like that of dinosaurs; broad wings and feathers like birds and was concluded as a missing link between the reptiles and birds. It may not be a coincidence that carbon and a few other elements form the basis of all life forms on earth. Molecular biologists discovered genes or chemically coded material to form proteins by central dogma mechanism. There are only 20 amino acids responsible for building protein blocks and diversity among life forms. The anatomical similarity is observed in the arms of humans, wings of the bird, and the flippers of a whale as they have some type of bone because of similar ancestry. Another clue is from biogeography. Isolated land masses like that of Australia and Madagascar have distinct flora and fauna. Kangaroos, Koalas, and marsupials are found in Australia while other placental mammals are missing. Genetic fitness in a changing environment allows an organism to survive. Thus not all individuals perish in the harshest conditions, a few endure as in the case of the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria where a few immune bacteria survive the antibiotic treatment and flourish to produce an entirely new population. Using molecular biology techniques one may
Introduction The use of technology has triggered innovations and enhanced the skills of children and adults. In fact, technology is one of the modern necessities because it improves interactions, communication, and the utilisation of tangible and intangible resources. However, its use among children has generated contentious debates because some researchers claim that technology affects creativity, causes addiction, and exposes them to negative social activities. Additionally, it has significant effects on the social attributes of children. The research is aims to evaluate the ethical issues in the use of technology among children. It will examine literature that shows the long term effects of introducing technology at an early stage in human development. Recent studies and evidence from medical, early childhood, and psychology journals will be analysed to demonstrate the unethical consequences of technology in children. The research will show that technology affects the social, cognitive, and adaptive skills of children. Technology use and Children Behaviours According to Kraft and Wang (2010), technology shapes the behavioural attitudes of children. The researchers claimed that the affected attitudes and behaviours show in adolescence and early adulthood. When children are introduced to new technological experiences, they get intimate with what they see and feel. Additionally, children imitate what they see in computer games, videos, and other technologies. They identify with the beliefs and attitudes of characters and practice what they see with others. Although Hieder and Jalongo (2014) argue that some levels of exposure to technology enhance the creativity of children, others introduce defiance, hostility, and violence among children. Some of the contents in the internet are very dangerous to the children. Cyber bullying, explicit contents and violent games are accessible to children and other internet users. These materials expose children to some of the social vices. They affect the psychological wellbeing by encouraging violence and immoral behaviours. The presence of undefined, unedited, and unmonitored access to technology influences children to change their behaviours. Although the access to technology allows children to learn and acquire many skills, it affects them if not monitored. According to Australian Curriculum (2015), there has been a significant correlation between technology use among children and physical impairments. The study showed that children who are exposed to technology at an early age are vulnerable to developmental delays and other serious health is
Canada was chosen as a state for international market expansion. When domestic organizations expand globally, their intention is to reach new markets and expand their product’s relevance. The other benefits of global expansion include increases in revenue streams, acquiring new customers, obtaining access to talent pools, and competitive advantage in the addressable market. As far as Canada is concerned, the evident advantage of global expansion includes a beneficial environment for trade and international partnerships, as Canada is a tariff-free zone for manufacturers regardless of the location within the state (Kreklewetz & Raphael, 2018). When it comes to the expansion’s impact on the business, the product introduction in the new markets increases the company’s recognition outside the domestic audience. The business’s integration into the global trade community may provide the company with the advantage of finding cost-efficient suppliers and a secure customer base throughout the world, increasing the product’s resilience to local market trends and influences (Osano, 2019). Hence, the strategic planning and the supply-chain management of the company gain more security due to the variety of supplier options and market entry possibilities. The societal impact of businesses’ global expansion cannot be overlooked. The existing environment is designed to encourage small and medium domestic enterprises to create internationalized products that can be easily tailored according to the target customer’s needs. In the case of baseball bats, the product itself is highly dependent on the target culture, as baseball is a product with less relevance in the European and Asian markets. For this reason, the choice in favor of international expansion to Canada is based on the societal needs and perception of the product. Globalization in the market, by all means, promotes the rapid development of modern transportation and infrastructure. For example, the Asian market segment has evolved significantly in terms of supply chain and transportation over the past years in order to secure international cooperation with western countries. The target culture of global expansion is another significant aspect to consider. In order for the product to be successful, it is of paramount importanc
In the 19 th century, the United States were largely an agricultural nation. American workers, artisans, and journeymen got low salary and lived poor life. More than 40 percent of Americans lived in dismal circumstances. More than 80% of black people were slaves. They could not vote, present their own points of view, and bridled up. Only their masters could make them free. Unfortunately, not every white man was eager to set free such cheap labor. Before the 1920s immigration into United States was numerically unrestricted, reflecting a tradition of laissez-faire labor mobility that dated to the colonial period. (Ngai, 17) Since the factory industry was raised considerably, poor women and children were hired in order to run the machines. Most of such workers were too naïve. They thought their work would be paid highly sooner or later. They agreed to work more in expectation of earning more money in near future. However, the conditions became more and more disappointing. The great variety of people got only as little as half of the promised salary. The questions of gender and race became more and more obvious. The first issue to discuss will be women’s rights and property rights. In the early 19 th century, women’s rights were limited all over the world. Male domination and gender-biased laws were the major obstacles for women to achieve the equal rights. Women were considered to be obedient wives and never present personal points of view. They could not vote and speak in public. Such inferiority of women to men caused too much discontents as well. Absent property rights tended women to live in poverty. It was necessary to create the union that defended women’s rights. Only in the middle of the 19 th century, women’s suffrage movements appeared. Their first steps were uncertain. Naivety and blind trust were typical for the colonial period in the 19 th century. Working people and married women had nothing to do but listen to the words of their masters/husbands and carry out all the commands. It should be mentioned that the necessary Amendment that permitted women to vote was taken only in 1920. One more issue that needs to be discussed is race inequality and its consequences. It becomes apparent that the Negro was primarily a device by which a white philosophy of race relations was advanced. ( Buck, 210). At the beginning of the 19 th century, it was very difficult for an African American to get a good job. Usually, black people were working at plants and did the hardest work. One of the first organizations that became to defend the rights of African Americans was Knights of Labor. Lots of black people joined that organization. However, on my opinion, their biggest mistake was their disability to demonstrate and prove that other people (whites) used black labor unfair. Black people truly believed that their work skills constituted one of the possible forms
Introduction Discussing the topic of the slave trade and its impact on the development of the Black race has always been complicated since that period of global history was characterized by the unequal treatment of people based on their skin color, which was unfortunate. According to the document “Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Race,” the concept of race was relatively modern because in ancient societies (e.g., the Greeks), people were not divided on the basis of their physical differences; however, the division existed between religious, class, and language groups (ITS). Nevertheless, with the development of race as an idea, the superiority of the white population became acceptable in countries like America, justifying slavery and discrimination against Native Americans, immigrants from Asia, Africans, and Mexicans. Subsequently, practices that involved race were deemed legal and thus were institutionalized within the practices of the American government regarding its laws and societal relations. Analysis It is important to mention that historians have neglected the Afro-American history for a long time, which led to the generations of Black children being deprived of knowledge about their heritage. This refers to the concept of “miseducation,” which implied that the educational system did not care to present the Black History in schools accurately (Woodson). Young people of color are of particular importance in the discussion of the Black experience because they shape the future of their race. The miseducation contributed to the development of insecurities, intra-racial cleavages, and interracial antagonisms, all of which influenced the shaping of the Black experience (Woodson). The Black experience was predominantly documented by white supremacist ideologies, prevailing between the fif
The power of advertising has often been underestimated in society because of the limited understanding of its effects on human behavior. However, the definition, role, and perceived value of “femininity” in society are constantly influencing how advertisements are designed today. Indeed, equality is constantly assuming new definitions because more advertisements are focusing on the equality of men and women in society. Therefore, women can pursue their career goals in a world that is more tolerant of gender differences. Nonetheless, the advertisement landscape today is still male-dominated and has a lot of opportunities for advertisers who are willing to tap into this culture. For example, a recent collaboration between Unilever and Kantar Watson revealed that advertisements showing progressive male images are more impactful than those that do not. However, as Bob Liodice, CEO of the National Association of Advertisers (ANA) once said, “The right advertising environment for women can improve ad effectiveness by as much as 30%” (Neff 2016, para. 13). However, the convergence of “traditional” gender roles and the emergence of more progressive ideas about sexuality have made the situation more complicated (Fridlund 2017; Kilbourne 2000). This paper is a literature review of articles that have focused on explaining the evolution of advertising through the sexualization of the media and technological progress. However, before reviewing the literature, it is vital to understand how women are portrayed in advertisements. Review Objectification of Women in Advertisements The sexualization of women in advertisements comes from a larger trend of making advertisements appealing and entertaining. From a technical point of view, sexually suggestive ads are so popular that they are supported by some advertising
Introduction Pragmatism education philosophy marks a point of demarcation. This point is from the authorities based on realism and idealism. Also, they are in relation to educational philosophies, which include perennialism, essentialism, and scholasticism. The early child-centered curricula had an approach on the needs, interests, and prior learning of the child. This great movement in education was made successful by the progressive movement in society. Progressivism is the one that expresses pragmatism in a nice educational manner. The progressive movement in education has a main goal on how to improve the society. Constructivism is a theory that states that through reflecting people’s experiences, there is the construction of the world in which they live. Both the Progressivism and constructivism are theories that have differences. However, they both accept the idea that the world is changing. Darwinian Theory is the one that had a strong influence on this idea. (Hickman, 2009). Hence, improving the world’s society. Progressivism This educational theory consisted of educators and education reformers. They changed the foundation of education by using its procedures. Kilpatrick was devoted to teaching. He held many positions in educational institutions like he was a professor of philosophy of education at the Columbia Teachers College. He advocated a curriculum that did not separate teachers and students. However, he did not prove that teachers and student were equal in understanding. Instead, he meant that students needed to understand that teachers were their advocates. The idea that schools in democratic societies and school institutions were democratic did not come from him. He did the encouraging of problem solving activities, flexibility in curriculum design, cooperative learning and learning based on experience. He stressed on the idea of the teachers understanding a child. This helped a child feel appreciated and is able to express what they know to the rest of the children in the school compound. The child then improves. Constructivism This educational theory is based on internal structures of learners. This is a method of learning tha
From time immemorial, religion has been the pillar on which society bases its principles. In many societies, religion has been used as a guiding principle in determining the correct code of conduct, besides giving rules on what is considered as acceptable behavior in society. It should however be noted that religion has lost much of its control in society over the years. Anciently, religion used to dictate virtually every activity in society. Nowadays, that control has diminished and it is not peculiar to have some issues in modern day society which are completely secular. Nonetheless, religion still has influence over many issues, politics being one of them. However, the way religion is expressed differs depending on among other factors, gender and social class. Religion has influence over modern day politics though to varying extent, depending on the structure of a country and the government for that matter. It is paramount to note that both religion and politics share the aim to regulate social behavior among other ideas. As a result, separating the two is mission impossible given that many people belong to one religion or the other. Notably, there are some states in the world which are totally based on religion. Iran and Saudi Arabia are examples of states where religion plays a center stage in every step taken. However, modern day governments have taken religion as an issue that can be manipulated. As a result, even in religious states, it is not odd for laws that are against religion to be implemented. Nevertheless, religion influences many political issues in society, for example, abortion, prostitution and gay marriage in America. In addition, many charity organizations in modern day society are controlled by religious groups. Similarly, religion has great influence in elections of various countries. On the other hand, some people find it difficult to change their beliefs with the changing rules of religion. As a result, they turn to what is commonly referred to as religious fundamentalism. Religious fundamentalism is a behavior where people tend to observe a set of laid down values which dictate what can and cannot be done. People who adhere to religious fundamentalism take religious ways of doing things as final and static over time. Therefore, to them aspects of religion cannot change whatever the circumstances. Religious fundamentalism is characterized by various issues which mostly contradict with modernity. Fundamentalists believe they have to protect the beliefs of religion because religion is fast being eroded. On the same note, fundamentalism chooses some issues from modernity and tradition on which they believe. Fundamentalists believe that truth is not negotiable, therefore, everybody who does not believe in what they do should be separated from them. Additionally, fundamentalists believe that law and order is a requirement from God and that people must live in society. Therefore, they acknowledge the importance of government in society. Arguably, social class has great influence on how people express their religious believes. It should be noted that educated and economically advanced people are