ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The success and failure of any business entity is determined by the strategies adopted. It is the wish of every organization to be successful in business so that the goals of the stakeholders can be achieved. The goals can be achieved by establishing the strategies which are suitable to place the organization in a competitive position. Managers have an obligation to develop strategies which will make the company successful (Jones, 2009). Product diversification Product diversification has been found to improve the performance of a company. The companies with higher levels of product diversification have more total sales and total assets. This can be explained from the understanding that companies with a wide variety of products provides consumers with the ability to choose. Therefore, consumers can buy products which they need because they have supply of all the kinds of products required to satisfy their needs. Companies with few or no diversification end up losing customers especially when the consumers lack products which satisfy their needs. The companies with a high product diversification end up making more sales compared to those with no or lesser levels of diversification. This is the argument which helps us to understand why the companies with high levels of diversification have more assets and make more sales (Jones, 2009). However, companies which specialize in the production and marketing of a particular product are able to capture the particular needs of each customer and this helps improve their performance compared to diversified companies. As such, these companies can satisfy the needs of a particular niche of customers. These companies generate more sales and accumulate more assets because they are able to get extra advantages in the sale of their products. In the modern day business environment it has been observed that companies develop better strategies when they specialize in one product. Product diversification has been found to make companies make lower levels of profits. The asset base of a company is determined by the amount of sales made in a particular period of time. Thus, when companies specialize in production of certain products they have added advantages in that they can maintain a higher profile of customers (Jones, 2009). From table 1 it is evident that the correlation between the level of diversification and the percentage sales ratio is significant. It is observed that there is a negative correlation between the level of diversification and the percentage of sales ratio (Field, 2009). This implies that the higher the level of diversification the lesser the sales are made per unit of the products. This is explained by the fact that when a company has many products to sell a few units of ea
Issues Employees are accessible throughout the day and night. Therefore, the organization needs to re-evaluate its engagement and assignment of duties to ensure that technology does not interfere with work and life balance. Relying on web 2.0 technologies for official organization communication is putting employees at the risk of mixing up social and personal conversations and relationships with professional conduct at work. Monitoring actual movement and work is hard because employees work from home. However, this is not a major concern because most of the organization’s interactions with customers happen online and in occasional workshops or similar industry related events. The organization needs a better way to safeguard sensitive business and human resource information from non-organization members. Presently, employees’ access to information allows them to expose the information to third party interests without seeking the company’s permission. There is a likelihood of employees living artificial social lives to conform to the company’s expectations. When this is the case, then the human resource management system used by the company would be working on wrong data, thereby causing inappropriate decisions concerning people management. Background Signal and Noise is an information technology solutions provider with 81 employees who work from around the world. Only seven of its employees, including the managing director, work in the company’s premises. The company relies on various Internet technologies to facilitate telecommuting of its virtual workforce. It uses online collaboration tools for programming and office document application. It mostly relies on the Internet cloud application to store, manipulate, and retrieve data on customers, products, company assets, and employees. The company practices the bring-your-own-device policy where employees chose the devices that they like. In return, the company provides them with the necessary software and hardware tools to ensure that devices used by employees are connected. So far, there has been no incidence of employees failing to do their work due to device related issues. The company has to spend a lot of money to bring employees together physically because they work remotely. In addition, the company has to check whether its compensation program takes care of employee overtime and captures work leave
For purely legitimate purposes, some skeptics advocate for the control of the internet as it has become the world’s most powerful tool, yet the least regulated. To others, the internet does not require regulation because there is no consent among users to be governed, a position I agree with. Unlike conventional areas of jurisdiction, the internet cannot have a constitution or a declaration instituted among its users as a country would do against its people. Moreover, no one has a legitimate claim to it and, consequently, no one can claim to have authority over the internet. Indeed, questions arise on how an entity can control people’s conduct online. The French government’s attempts to control the internet were unsuccessful because of similar arguments and the failure and lack of jurisdiction. Being an integral part of the global communication network, the internet has attracted regulators claiming its lawless nature, which, arguably, should not be controlled for the lack of legal grounding of such regulations. The nature of the internet in communication makes gatekeepers of the ubiquitous mobile and electronic communication systems seek to regulate it for the public good. Others cite cyber and electronic security and need to extend the computer law that existed before the internet and through which regulators governed electronic data interchange, cybernetics, and robotics. However, it is critical to note that the public’s attitude towards regulation then differs from today’s. Undeniably, it would be challenging to balance between regulating the internet and maintaining freedom of speech. It is also nearly impossible to compare the opportunities that lie with internet use and the dangers posed to users – with the latter being insignificant to the former to warrant regulation. Today’s internet users are knowledgeable and know the risks they are exposed to on the internet; hence, any form of regulation cannot justify protecting them. However, despite the lack of legal grounding on ways to regulate the internet, there is a need to manage cyberspace but within the limits of speech among other freedoms to internet users. Cyber-attacks continue to threaten lives and national security, as previously witnessed, thus, reiterating the need to protect cyberspace. An event such as the attempt to poison Florida City’s water supply by hacking into the water systems highlights the “bad actors out there” (Tidy, 2021). To effectively protect the public from such actors, entities such as the Department of Defense have been tasked with defending cyberspace through its DOD Information Network (DODIN). The entity works with military intelligence and other private sector stakeholders to secure the physical domains and cyberspace. Indeed, the achievements made by this unit warrant their full authorization to secure the internet. Although they would not control individual ac
The recently observed decrease of the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Brazilian real has several political and economic conditioning factors. Concerning political matters, first of all, the Brazilian presidential elections should be taken into consideration. The instability that accompanied them in 1998 and 2002 decreased the real exchange rate from 1.2 to 4.0 real for $1. As soon as the elections were over, political stability appeared in Brazil, and this was the impact on the development of basic economic factors. After 2002, the Brazilian real has been on the way towards a steady strengthening of the U.S. dollar, and the growth of the international investment caused by the political stability and the expected highest interest rates as compared to Europe and the United States. Therefore, the inflow of the international capital supports the strengthening process of the Brazilian real. Given the situation with launching a branch of the General Mills Company in Brazil, the major investment calculations will be considerably affected by the change in the exchange rates for the Brazilian and American currencies. Thus, the calculation of the net present value (NPV) and return on investment (ROI) will display worse results, in respect to the profitability for General Mills, as far as the general formula for NPV calculation presupposes the division of the cash flow amount by the exchange, or discount, rate, and ROI is the sum of gain and cost o investment divided by the cost of investment. Therefore, if the cash flow is at the same level, suppose $20,000, and the exchange rate increases from $0.25 per real to $0.50, the NPV will decrease about twice: NPV = cash flow/exchange rate NPV = 20,000/0.25 = 80,000 NPV = 20,000/0.50 = 40,000 Assuming that the cost of investment at the exchange rate of $0.25 per real was $10,000, at the rate of $0.50 it will raise to $20,000. Accordingly, the ROI decreases given the stable gain from investment at the level of $40,000: ROI = (gain from investment + cost of investment)/ cost of investment ROI = (40,000 + 10,000)/10,000 = 5% ROI = (40,000 + 20,000)/20,000 = 3% Given the two contracts payable in Brazilian reals and Japanese yens, to maximize the company’s profit it is necessary to obtain adequate exchange rate projections and decide on either spot or forward transactions to be carried out under each contract. Thus, given the potential growth of real about a dollar, the Brazilian contract demands a forward transaction, while the Japanese contract needs a spot transaction. In more detail, the Brazilian forward contract is concluded at the rate of $0.559037/real on July 1, but its effective date is September 3 when the exchange rate is $0.530959. To increase the company’s profitability it is better to carry out a forward transaction on the originally agreed terms: 1,250,000 reals x $0.559037 = $698,796.25 (Original forward transaction terms) 1,250,000 reals x $0.
Whether to elect or appoint judges has had lengthy and disorderly history. The issue of judges being selected is because they have the ability as jurists and not just because of their political affiliations. They are given the power to infer statutes, evaluate administrative decisions, and pronounce legislative and executive actions unlawful. The fact that judges make decisions on issues of great importance to the public, therefore, means those publics have some control over the judiciary by voting for judges (Michael). There are two basic methods used in the selection of judges which are election and appointment. In the elective method, the judicial either nominate a candidate who is supposed to run for with a party identification or a judicial candidate can be generally nominated by an independent primary and runs in the election without a party label. This will ensure that the public has a voice in the lawmaking process and that members of racial and ethnic minority groups have a chance to become judges. For an appointment, the responsibility rests on the governor, the legislature, or a judicial nominating committee. For one to be appointed Professional competence is required and the judicial advisory committees are responsible for assessing the qualifications of the lawyers to be appointed (Lawrence 94). For the judicial review to be effective independence is important and is maintained mainly by life tenure which states that the federal judges should hold their positions during good behavior. They should only be removed from office only by prosecution and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes. They receive no special training apart from their graduate program from law school and are respected for their learning, experience, and impartiality (Lawrence 98). Appointed judges have life tenure and are less exposed to political pressure thus making them superior to elected judges who are elected for short terms. Appointed judges also write higher quality opinions than elected judges who are not less independent but because they write more opinions their quality is compromised by the quantity. On the other hand, elected judges are more attentive to the provision of services to the people thus they behave more like politicians, and appointed judges are more attentive to their long-term heritage thus behaving like professionals. The elected judiciary leads to an out-of-control judicial system and unfair results while in the appointment the public has no power in the process which makes them not to be transparent because it does not allow for discussion and thus the judges are not scrutinized by the public. Judiciary is reactive and must wait for the cases to come before them and it cannot initiate lawsuits which acts as a coolant on provocative issues making it possible to make rational decisions (Clyde 27). Appointing judges is good because it gives the president the responsibility of appointing the national judges and justices and re
Organizational culture is a pattern of shared basic assumption that a group has learned as it solves its problems. The assumptions must have worked well enough to be considered valid. They are then taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, and feel relative to those problems. This paper analyses how organizational culture affects Disney Institute basing on Hofstedes dimensions of organizational culture. To begin with, Disney Institute is result oriented. In every section of their operations, each employee strives to exceed customer expectations (Disney, 2008). For more than 80 years this singular pursuit of excellence in delivering consistent quality service has earned the Disney organization world-renowned reputation and continual business success. Other companies emulate its prosperity in customer satisfaction. Disney Institute is both job oriented and employee oriented. It is employee oriented because it fosters a culture that inspires employees to have a feeling of pride and ownership (Disney, 2008). The employees feel as part of the organization. The institute offers a supportive environment that enables its employees to deliver outstanding services and realize their full potential. It is also a job oriented because it is concerned about offering quality services to its customers always. Thus, they strive hard to consistently exceed customer expectations. All the employees are required to deliver quality results while working regardless of the working conditions. The Institute upholds an open system as part of its valued culture. This is shown by various ways of approaching and relating to customers and business partners. The institute does it through customized programs, presentations, and workshops for groups and individual. It has an enrollment programs for professionals scheduled throughout the year. Customized programs are the institute’s way of approaching its customers. All customers and partners are allowed to visit the institute at will. Both the institute and its customers meet and work together regularly (Disney Institute, 2008). This culture is believed to contribute to the tremendous success. Disney is an entertainment organization which has both parochial and professional system of employment. It is parochial because some of its employees get training, support and recognition from the institute itself. The institute offers training to most of its employees which concern major activities in their operational areas. Some employees joined without formal training. It also embraces professional system bec
Summary Individuals in society are exposed to influences that impact their willingness and ability to learn. Therefore, it is crucial to acknowledge the impact of culture, gender, and socioeconomic factors on learning abilities to ensure that education initiatives yield expected results. This essay outlines the recommended teaching strategies in an education session about smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse to cis men, cis women, and individuals in the LGBTQ community. Cis Men Men and women have different learning styles and orientations that depend on past experiences, interests, and social and biological roles. Moreover, they express themselves in different ways using signs and symbols. When working with men, it is vital to avoid assumptions about the family structure, lifestyle, and sexual orientation (Bastable & Sopcyzk, 2014). Moreover, nurses should not assume that the term spouse refers to a member of the opposite sex. Cis Women Similarly, it is essential to avoid stereotypic approaches when working with women. A medical practitioner should never assume that an individual is heterosexual even if she has been married to a person of the opposite sex before. Additionally, women appreciate signs and symbols to show unity and support for positive outcomes (Bastable & Sopcyzk, 2014). Therefore, educators should learn the art of inquiry to assess a group, inform them of a cause, and formulate an intuitive session. LGBTQ Community Members LGBTQ individuals experience health disparities associated with stigma, structural barriers and culturally inappropriate care that discourages them from exposing their sexual orientation and accessing care. When dealing with LGBTQ individuals, educators should create an environment that welcomes and accommodates them by adopting signs and learning labels, terms, and language characteristics for effective communication. Moreover, educators can use symbols, posts, or brochures that address rights and LGBTQ issues (Bastable & Sopcyzk, 2014). Educators should also acknowledge their presence by setting up unisex bathrooms and engaging them to contribute to the lesson concepts.
The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy involving the character Kate Minola. She is a woman with a strong will. She is seen as a shrew because she is unwilling to conform to society’s assumed norms of the lady of ladyhood. Also, she refuses to submit to Petruchio, who believes that he is born to tame her. There is, therefore, a question of whether Kate was finally tamed or not. One becomes tamed when she is eventually forced to be submissive and obey the set standards. Additionally, one becomes tamed when they have to unquestionably follow the master for a reward or avoidance of punishment. I am convinced that Kate is not tamed following the unfolding of events. Kate is liberated as she is acting just as Petruchio demands because she has specific objectives to achieve by her conduct. She wants to break her stigma. In a competition of potential suitors and the respect of their father, Kate grew up being on the losing end. Baptista fails to defend Kate when she receives insults in the streets. Baptista cherishes Bianca, on the other hand. She refers to Kate as too rough or “fiend of hell” (II.i.26). Accordingly, the beginning of Act Two witnesses Kate’s jealousy of Bianca. Baptista automatically blames Kate for the fault, which leads to the rise of the conflict. The frustration of lacking a suitor when her sister has several suitors is cited for her anger. Thus Kate purposely takes less consideration on the environment in which she hails. I am convinced that Petruchio is not successful in taming Kate. Kate learns the privileges that come with better behavior. Petruchio’s willingness to match Kate’s ferocity breaks her anger induced by the lonely state. Petruchio’s compliment is something that Kate has never experienced before and which she has been longing to have. This attention she never received even from her father. Kate had an obligation to conform to the advances made by her husband. Petruchio manages to liberate Kate that whatever people say about her is not significant. As long as she is happy, she should not care about other people’s perceptions of her. He shows up in the wedding dress like a fool putting on worn, mismatched clothes and riding on a diseased horse “But our soft conditions and our hearts should well agree with our external parts” (V.ii.169) The situation reveals that Kate is not tamed but has learned to adapt approach life in different ways. Possibly Petruchio wanted to show her that acting tamed in listening to his directions can help her get a path for approaching her self-proclaimed approaches in life. Kate is denied a cap for she is not gentle but finally gets one when “she becomes gentle” (IV.iii.189). The abusive techniques used by her husband do not necessarily turn her submissive but rather liberate her from loneliness and the toxicity obtained from the past experiences; thus, Kate is not tamed. In conclusion, the interaction of Kate and Petruchio is far from portraying a taming relationship. Kate is in a learning environment and realizes that she can achieve materialistic goals like acquiring the father’s respect and achievements in happiness and peace. All the