ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Children form a significant part of the population of any given country (Dubowitz & DePanfilis, 2000). Due to the risk factors exposed to children, it is necessary for the community to ensure that they protect the rights and wellbeing of children. However, since past regulations do not apply in the current setting, the adoption of a community-oriented and child-focused approach to child welfare seems to be a suitable solution to this issue. Such is attributable to the fact that such a strategy would lead to regulations that are more proactive and efficient. However, this approach is likely to have a number of challenges. For this reason, this paper will look into some of the disadvantages of its adoption, along with possible solutions to the drawbacks. First, it is hard for children’s rights protection institutions to establish the history of all families and thus provides general solutions. Usually, the agencies and other organizations that have the mandate to protect the welfare of children need to analyze the family backgrounds of concerned children (Kodish, 2005). Such is necessary in order to validate any possible disorder effects that would lead to cases of abuse. Some of the disorders include parent neglect and social stigma. Research establishes that few people are likely to give their family backgrounds, intentionally or otherwise (Dubowitz & DePanfilis, 2000). Due to such scenarios, the community-oriented and child-focused approach might not work effectively. However, the concerned institutions can overcome this challenge through the establishment of projects that ensure families interact with one another freely. As such, it becomes easy to solicit information about a given family from neighbors. Secondly, the approach relies on nongovernmental institutions for implementation. There has been a shared belief that NGOs ought to address issues touching on the welfare of children and that of the community (Kodish, 2005). For this reason, most of the tasks are unattended with the thought that it is the responsibility of NGOs. Such scenarios have always led to deficits among many NGOs, making issues such as children’s rights. As such, a need is inevitable for the government in collaboration with other agencies ought to establish a partnership to set ought a roadmap that ensures accommodative environments on child welfare protection. Such a situation is achievable through the extension of duties that child welfare institutions have (Kodish, 2005). This initiative thus should take into consider
Introduction There are notable impacts of globalization on business corporations. This pattern is globally notable. Increased rate of technological advancement and application is a major contributory factor. Generally, there is a rise in the level of business competitiveness. Most organizations recognize the need to adopt and practice strategic business management (Zenger & Folkman 2009, p. 11). In this context, the role of effective and strong leadership is eminent. It is noteworthy to indicate that business leadership capacities develop with time. Managers presently recognize the urgent need to integrate transformative leadership skills. These skills enhance the level of innovation amongst workers. Strong leadership is appropriate within all organizational operations. These may include the market role, customer satisfaction, strategic management and all other business processes. This paper analyses the significance of strong leadership in business organization. It evaluates whether this kind of leadership is good within organizations. Leadership There are different perceptions on the concept of leadership. Generally, leadership is a process through which an individual manipulates other people in different ways. A leader is able to influence the thoughts, attitudes or characters of other people. These people are normally termed as the followers (Weiss & Molinaro 2005, p. 23). The basic role of the leaders is to provide appropriate directions to their followers. They assist their followers to gain the competency to visualize issues that lie ahead in the future. Apart from these, the leaders have a potential role in the motivation and encouragement of all their followers. Notably, there are several diverse leadership roles. However, it is important to note that the leadership requirements vary. These variances might be due to many factors. Some of these factors might include type of business operations, organizations, and the particular unit within the organization. Most leaders are important in several diverse ways. For instance, they assist their followers to visualize what they might be willing to accomplish. There are very many negative occurrences associated with lack of proper leadership. Ideally, an organization requires an effective and proper leadership. Conflict resolution is a basic initiative. It is associated with proper leadership roles. Ideally, there may be various instances of conflict within organizations. Particularly, this relates to the situations where there is lack of proper and effective leadership (Papa 20112). Without proper guidance and leadership, most individuals are likely to indulge in severe disagreements and conflicts. These conditions are very unfavourable for efficient operation or fu
A lung nodule is a disorder caused by abnormal growth that occurs in the lung. It is a prevalent type of infection that may develop in one or both lungs. The leading causes of pulmonary nodules are either infectious or neoplastic. It may also represent arteriovenous malformations, hamartoma, resolving pneumonia, and pulmonary infarction (Loverdos et al., 2019). Furthermore, other roots of the disease are scar tissue, air pollutants, fungal infection, and autoimmune illnesses. Symptoms of pulmonary nodule include fatigue, chronic cough, chest pain, wheezing, hoarseness, loss of appetite, and pneumonia. During the early stages, it is less likely to identify the signs of the lung nodule. According to Loverdos et al. (2019), lung nodules are detected nearly 150,000 times in a span of a year in the U.S. Sometimes, the condition and indications of the growth may suggest lung cancer. Based on the result of CT imaging, lung nodules can be grouped into three classes; first, ground-glass, which are not uniform in their appearance but have an unclear local decrease in lung parenchyma that does not block the vascular structures. Second, solid nodules are marked by soft tissues which are similar in form (Gould et al., 2013). Third, part-solid nodule exhibits both ground-glass and solid characteristics. Based on the diameter of the rounded opacity, lung nodules with rounded lesions bigger than 3cm are defined as lung masses (Loverdos et al., 2019). According to Loverdos et al. (2019), lung masses could indicate lung cancer unless otherwise proved. The study conducted by McWilliams et al. (2013) defined that the nodule’s size has a nonlinear relationship with lung cancer, and nodules located in the upper lobes suggest increased cancer probability. The pulmonary nodule condition can either be multiple or solitary, whereby in the former, the nodule is bounded entirely by lung parenchyma (McWilliams et al., 2013). On the contrary, the latter consists of several nodules which are nonsolid. Another significant characteristic of lung nodules is the risk of malignancy, which should be addressed in the evaluation and treatment processes. According to Gould et al. (2013), malignancy is common for nonsolid and part-solid nodules that develop a solid component. A strong predictor of malignancy is true cavitation, which implies walls’ irregular and thick character (Gould et al., 2013). Malignancy is more common among individuals over 65 years old and highest among smokers (Gould et al., 2013). Even though it is apparent that malignancy is more common among individuals with a high daily intake of tobacco, there is no definition of a harmless smoking threshold (Loverdos et al., 2019). The risks for different forms of tobacco intake, such as pipes and cigars, are not apparent, yet the risk of lung cancer from the use of electronic cigarettes is not researched yet. The lung nodule diagnosis involves taking a CT scan to enable the pulmonologist to identify the shape, location, and size of the nodule. Other tests, such as biopsy, entail removing a piece of tissue from the body fo
Marketing of Bollywood Movies Modern cinema market is so competitive that it is no longer enough to make a good product to expect a high profit. It is not sufficient to engage the best actors and directors anymore. Now it is necessary to promote that product so that as many people as possible should come to see it in the cinemas. Bollywood has realized this trend and is paying much attention to marketing the movies via media. Websites for promoting Bollywood films are filled with bright and animated features. One can read about the movies, actors, news, box office results, and anything else connected with the industry. The creators of the websites do everything possible to attract the audience. There is a separate section for each major actor with a compelling photo and a catchy phrase to make the people open an article and read about the artist’s current project. Special features and news are suggested for the viewers. By doing this, website designers raise and sustain the attention of the people. Apart from the interesting interviews, in which the Bollywood stars present their new roles, and the directors shed light on the tiniest details of the film industry, the websites present interactive features. One may watch trailers to the newest films capturing the most lively dances and songs. The box office information and the schedule of the cinemas make the websites comfortable means of getting the most updated information. Bollywood cinema marketing is doing its best to attract and keep the audience’s interest in the new products. Using media for this purpose is a rather useful tool. By attracting more audience to media advertising, film producers ensure greater interest in the current and future projects and are able to track the people’s preferences. The Development of Birju’s Rebellious Nature throughout the Movie “Mother India” is probably the most popular Bollywood film, and it represents some of the core traditional beliefs and values. The movie tells a story of family relationships and also depicts the ways in which the characters treat the community customs. Radha’s (“Mother’s”) son Birju is relate
Abstract Alliances between pharmacological and biotechnology companies promote productivity growth for both parties and, as a rule, increase performance by introducing innovations and strengthening market positions. However, certain tensions and challenges may arise in such partnerships, and several factors cause problems within such partnership collaboration. According to Burns et al. (2011), today, many new alliances are formed, which “allow pharmaceutical firms to gain access to innovations while enabling biotechnology firms to gain access to capital, clinical trial expertise, and the marketing capabilities” (p. 342). Among the key tensions that arise between two parties, it is necessary to highlight different production indicators members, difficulties in the distribution of leadership roles, and challenges in sharing profits. Based on the assessment of the complexities encountered by ongoing and novice alliances, it is possible to determine the main directions of activities. This work has practical significance as a guideline for business market participants and the members of trade unions. Introduction Alliances as part of individual large and small companies’ organizational culture represent quite broad prospects for development in case of a competent application of the opportunities that such cooperation provides. If a firm is ready to collaborate with another corporation, this can be beneficial for both parties; however, with the irrational use of available resources and the wrong mode of operation, the outcomes of this practice may be negative. Accordingly, to maintain high productivity and achieve high-quality production rates, it is crucial to take into account the consequences that alliances can bear in particular industries. Concerning the pharmacological sphere, which is quite a successful field, alliances play an important role in forming the potential growth of individual firms and developing an innovation base. Such collaboration is a profitable mechanism that stimulates the promotion of individual corporations and the expansion of their sphere of influence. Burns, Bradley, and Weiner (2011) give an example of alliances between pharmacological and bi
Many educationists are in agreement that a positive environment for social, psychological, and moral development is one that promotes peer interaction. In equal measure, children’s behavior in the peer setup has proven to be a reliable pointer of their social competence (Blume & Zember, 2010). Although extensive research has been conducted to prove these assertions in mid-childhood, few studies have being commenced to evaluate the effects of peer interaction in young children. Towards this objective, Australian researcher Sue Walker undertook a study named ‘Sociometric Stability and the Behavioral Correlates of Peer Acceptance in Early Childhood,’ aiming to broaden understanding about behavioral associations of rejection and neglect on preschool-aged children. In addition, the researcher aimed to evaluate the stability and constancy of social status classification on the children over a period of 6 months (Walker, 2009). One of the researcher’s main hypotheses was that behaviors that are predictive of neglect or rejection are comparable for both younger and older children. Also, the researcher presupposed that interventions for preschool-aged children that are grounded on a holistic understanding of the aspects contributing to acceptance or rejection by peers are more likely to assist the victims cope with the challenges (Walker, 2009). The researcher was mainly interested in critically evaluating three factors of social functioning that are closely associated with peer-related social competencies for pre-scholars, namely ability to engage voluntarily and effectively in play; pro-social quality of interactions; and communication competence. In addition, play behavior, emotional expression, verbal communication, and stability of social status among the young children were used as independent variables. According to the article, the researcher utilized “…10 suburban, community-based preschools serving predominantly Caucasian, middle-class families in Queensland, Australia” to draw a sample of 187 participants ranging in age from 4.5 to 5.5 years (Walker, 2009, p. 343). However, the article makes no mention on the techniques used to sample the population. The research made use of participatory approach, whereby the researcher spent 6 months interacting and experimenting with the children in a preschool setup. Photographs of the preschool-aged children were taken, and the participants were later asked to select photographs of children with whom they most liked to play with. Also, individual sociometric interviews were done on the subjects after they had spent 3 months in the program with the purpose of rating their interactions. The study utilized the Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and descriptive statistics to generate findings. When the ‘play behavior’ variable was analyzed, it was found that, “…children classified as popular were more likely than those classified as rejected or neglected to engage in cooperative play and less likely…to engage in parallel play, onlooker behavior or alone-directed behavior” (Walker, 2009, p. 348). On the contrary, rejected or neglected children neither s
Mobile applications have made their way into our lives relatively recently, but their rise has been rapid and at times mind-blowing. Indeed, it was hard to imagine a person constantly looking into his cell phone: nowadays this phenomenon is commonplace and is projected to grow. Thus, according to Mary Meeker (2010), who: “was dubbed the ‘Queen of the Net’ by Barron’s magazine in 1998…. now a managing director at Morgan Stanley and head of the global technology research team, within the next five years ‘more users will connect to the Internet over mobile devices than desktop PCs’ ” (Mary Meeker, 2010, cited in Ingram, 2010). Therefore, it is no wonder that many universities have began implementing programs designed to boost their own digital credibility and thereby attract new students, one example of which is University of San Diego. In 2009, its team has finished developing and introduced to its students “an iPhone application, mobile landing site and application for BlackBerry smartphones” (Harnick, 2009). But University of San Diego was neither the first nor the last college to do so. There were plenty of other colleges implementing essentially the same prototypes of mobile applications, which will be noted as reference guides and briefly discussed in the second part of this management report; as it is first necessary to touch upon the basics of mobile phone application facilities and services: the ones which could be made available to potential students and their families, staff running open days or dealing with part time enquires, and faculty managers monitoring student recruitment. Thus, the liaisons between these three groups should serve as the basis of all university mobile applications and lie at the core of a 3-year IT roadmap, which, along with the analysis of costs, implementation, and future of standards issues, will be discussed at the every end of this report. The best pattern according to which the mobile phone application services, which can be made available to potential students and their families, can be described, is the one which takes into account the way in which potential students would contact and visit the university. Thus, following this line of thought, the first thing that potential students and their parents would need to do is learn the schedules of admission offices. While they could easily do so on the web, there is little doubt that it would be beneficial to allow them to do so directly from their cell phones without them having to dial any number. While this proposition may sound a little too absurd, it has become a cornerstone of the new Google mobile application service, which has been called “Click-to-Call”. This application “makes it even easier for potential customers to reach you (the organization) by adding a click-to-call business phone number in ads that appear on mobile devices with full Internet browsers”(Google, 2011). The main advantage of this application seems to be the resulting increase of ways by which the potential students and parents could contact the university. The main disadvantage seems to be the cost, which will be recurring and will depend
Stuart Hall wrote the context of the statement in the book, Encoding, and Decoding in the Television Discourse. Stuart Hall made the statement to express his reservations concerning the communication theories that supported mass communication. Initially, research concerning mass communication claimed that the communication process was simplified and linear (Hall, 1973). The linearity meant that information sent by messenger was simple and without a hidden agenda or meaning. Mass communications research also pointed out the audience as passive and, thus, could take in any information given without scrutiny (Hall, 1973). However, according to Hall, many structures were involved in the production, consumption, and reproduction of communication (Hall, 1973). In addition, the media owners and those in power also significantly influenced the type of information sent to individuals, thereby controlling society. Hall explains the processes of encoding and decoding and their effects on imposing beliefs, systems, and ideologies in society through his work. My understanding of the statement is that the messages consumed by individuals determine the ideologies spread. These messages get distributed through televisions and other media signs. The knowledge of the signals creates an impact on individuals. In such cases, each character sent intersects with a code, hence giving a particular message. The theories of coding and encoding get discussed in the context. Through the signs and codes sent, power and other ideologies get spread among people. For example, a specific sweater may be a sign of class in the fashion field. In such a case, society respects an individual wearing such a sweater as they seem classy. Politicians and those in the ruling class set the standards through media and the signs to spread their ideologies to other citizens. Encoding and decoding theory explains how communication gets spread among individuals. Through the approach, the media understands ways of applying the right kind of information. Encoding is sending of the messages while those receiving them are decoders. The media affects society through the use of signs and signals spread. Most of the ideologies spread through the ruling class may get biased as they depend on those circulating them (Hall, 1973). Two of the theories connected to Stuart’s ideas are the agenda-setting and cultivation theories. According to these theories, those giving messages determine what society believes in and the reality of most individuals. In most cases, the ruling class decides what should be acceptable or illegal in the community and spread that through the media. Encoding messages is essential since it also determines the kind of information individuals get (Hall, 1973). When choosing the messages to send, media and those involved in communication should check on the plan and purpose of the news then spread it most effectively. Through effective communic