ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Rape is considered to be one of the most heinous and terrible crimes. Its revolting nature and grave consequences for the victim have earned hate and condemnation from all and any decent human beings. The perpetrators of rape receive the harshest sentences and rightly so. Even the inmates in prisons look down on those convicted of rape and show them no mercy or pity. However, instead of taking an uncompromising stance against rape crimes in our local county, our prosecution chooses not to get involved with cases of date rape when drugs or alcohol are involved. The purpose of this paper is to educate the reader about the subject of date rape and make a formidable case for changing the policy regarding the prosecution of such crimes. Definition of Date Rape   * Date rape, also known as acquaintance rape, is a kind of violation that occurs between the perpetrator and the victim in a setting where they know one another, with a degree of romantic or sexual relationship involved. It frequently occurs at student campuses, clubs, and other places of social activity. One of the particular traits attributed to this kind of rape is the extensive use of drugs and alcohol to coerce or incapacitate the victim.   * Date rape is different from stranger rape due to the fact the victim usually knows the perpetrator to some degree. Although sometimes the crime is committed by a person not affiliated with the victim, about 90% of date rapes are conducted by someone the victim knows (Shmiedt, 2015).   * Statutory rape is considered different from date rape, as the former definition puts an emphasis on the age of the victim rather than on the motivations of the violator and the scene of the crime.   * The difference between spousal rape and date rape lies in the kind of connection between the perpetrator and the victim. Typically, the romantic relationship between the two lacks any serious commitment, if any. The definition of spousal rape deals explicitly with rape scenarios occurring between people bound by marital commitments. Types and Uses of Date Rape Drugs Date rapes are known for the extensive usage of alcohol and drugs to force the victim into submission. These drugs are also known as club drugs, as they are often illegally distributed at clubs during parties. The most common drugs are:   * Flunitrazepam, also known as Rohypnol   * Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid, also known as ecstasy   * Ketamine All three could take the form of pills, powders, or liquids, which make them easy to hide and administer. The
Current and Potential Members Current members of SAGIA are drawn from top world economies including United State, China, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Germany. Some of the leading companies from China that are members of SAGIA include; China National Machinery Industry Corp and China Nonferrous Metal Industries who have jointly invested over USD $4 billion in an aluminum melting complex. Guizhou Hongfu industry and Commerce development co Ltd have invested in Phosphate Beneficiation Plant. China Railway 18 th bureau, Hong Kong PCCW and China harbor are also members of SAGIA. French investment in Saudi Arabia through SAGIA is mainly concentrated in service industries. Some of the members from France are Calyon (Banking sector), Stesa (Telecommunication), Comapgnie Generale de Geophysique (Seismic projects), Saint Gobain (mineral water), Bouygues (recreation) and Accor , who have invested in hotel industry. Sap, Fraport, Herrenknecht and Bahn are the leading companies from Germany who are members of SAGIA. Japanese companies are top of the list of companies which are members of SAGIA operating in Saudi Arabia. These companies include Sumitomo chemicals, Mitsubishi corp., Marubeni, NEC Corp, Mitsubishi Electric, Unicharm, and Fujitec among others. United Kingdom has also invested in Saudi through companies such as SAAB, National factory for Can Ends Ltd, GLAXO, MK Cable management and Synthometer Middle East. There are a number of companies from United States which are member of SAGIA. They include Exxon Mobil, Cisco, Boeing, Intel, The Dow Chemical Company, Microsoft and Conoco Philip. Singapore became a potential partner recently when SAGIA opened representative office in that country. This led to the formation of Saudi-Singapore Business Council. Singapore companies aim at investing in Education, energy and technology transfer. How to become a Member of SAGIA To become a member of SAGIA, investor must have a set minimum amount of capital depending with the sector they want to investment in. The minimum capital required for Industrial investment is $1 million while real estate and farming is $25 million. Trading require a minimum $2 million and must be in partnership with Saudi investor on 75% to 25% basis. Investor must adhere to all laws and regulation set by Saudi Arabia in order to be granted a trading license. An assortment of documents is required and must be translated to Arabic by a licensed translator. Some of these documents include copy of passport, personal photographs, financial statement, and copy of resume as well as copy of certificate of higher education. Depending with the type of investment and partnership, investor must submit a draft of article of association, shareholder resolutions and bank certificate. After all the documents have been received potential members have to wait for approval. The approval process time depends with the investment package that one holds. A ‘Blue’ pac
Introduction Today, more than ever before, the global economy is transitioning from a products-oriented economy to one of value creation, employment generation, and economic prosperity dependent on services. As demonstrated by Bardhan et al., globalization, technology advancements, and shifts in the global economic environment has generated a triple convergence of new organizations, operating in a new economic environment, and developing new procedures and processes for horizontal collaboration (17). This has resulted in a potentially impulsive opportunity for organizations all over the world to participate and compete in global value chains, where the provision of services as opposed to manufacturing of products is becoming increasingly essential. This new approach of conducting business in the global economy has necessitated researchers and other theorists to give special attention to the managerial practices, techniques, and knowledge that can effectively be used to create an enabling environment for the enterprises to configure service competition and relationships that ingeniously generate extraordinary new value for their own existence and profit motives (Brody 28). Aim/Purpose of Research Paper The present paper aims to critically discuss the most important management practices in service competition. The rationale behind this broad objective is derived from the fact that it is important for interested parties to comprehensively understand all facets of managing service organizations and service competition since economies across the world are not only becoming more service-oriented, but technology convergence, globalization, and shifting customer needs are increasing the prospects to come up with fundamentally new services that have ultimately transformed the traditional way of conducting business (Prahalad & Ramaswamy 1). Currently, competition in the service-oriented organizations has greatly intensified to a point of upending the status-quo that was traditionally held by organizations engaged in manufacturing products. In the mean-time, profit margins continue to shrink as these organizations strive to outdo each other. As such, managers must not only focus their attention on costs, processes, efficiency, and quality of the services on offer but must endeavour to acquire new knowledge that will enable them become more innovative and creative in the ever-competitive business environment. This paper purposes to come up with a body of knowledge that will enlighten managers and other interested parties on the most important management practices in service competition. Background Most countries have by now experienced shifts in their economic frameworks from goods-oriented to service-oriented economies. The western world, in particular, “…has experienced a post-industry service economy for several decades,” with the services sector contributing over 70% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in some industrialized nations such as the United States of America and the
Introduction Society is defined as a group of people who have common interests as well as unique cultures and traditions. The individuals from a society might be from diverse cultural backgrounds or from a particular community. They strive towards the same goal of maintaining and protecting their society. The society can be taken as a religion, country, culture or even the world as a whole. (Davis, 1959, p.759) An ideal society in my point of view is one that upholds virtues such as freedom, justice, kindness and peace. In most cases, for a society to be perfect equality is essential in ensuring that virtues such as kindness and peace are maintained among the people in the community. This implies that people should shun racism, sexist and any religious discrimination within the society. The people in the society will take care of each other’s needs without expecting anything in return. This will promote peace and allow for unity and cooperation among everyone. In the society, everything should be standardized so that order and conformity can succeed. (Smart, 1993, p.2) Main body Religion plays a great role in ensuring the existence of a perfect society. Religion is very important because it helps control human conduct and behavior by putting a check on any unlawful trend in humanity. Most religions preach peace, love and harmony between the people in the society and thus it strikes a balance where negative influence brings destruction, immorality as a result corrupting the society. In my ideal society, every individual will be free to practice their religion as long as they do not violate human rights. This means that everyone should practice their choice of religion but at the same time ensure that they do not harm other people in any way. (Davis, 1959, p.760) In my perfect society healthcare should be an important element in ensuring a healthy humanity. There are many people who get sick in the world today and in most cases they do not have means to pay to receive treatment. In my ideal society the people in the society should have ways of helping people through good equipments and structures that will ensure that any situation is solved amicably. The healthcare givers should always be ready
There is hardly anything as weirdly mesmerizing and at the same time ridiculous for a modern person as shaman rituals. However, taking a retrospective into the primitive, one will find out that shaman rituals served a definite purpose and even glued the primitive community together. Despite the rapid economical downfall, which Korea witnessed several times over the course of its long history, with the help of religious fundament that the shaman rituals provided for the Korean population, the state managed to avoid a number of conflicts within, which Korea owes to its religious traditions. Korean shamanism embraces many concepts, yet the most important ones are Mudang and Misin. Often confused, the given notions have much in common, yet still have very distinct features and take their corresponding places in the Korean art of shamanism. According to the existing definitions, Mudang is a female shaman in Korea; literally translated as “spirit,” Mudang is typically portrayed as a mediator between the world of the spirits and the realm of human beings. However, there are different ways to read into the meaning of the Korean terms for the shamanist practices. According to what Kendall says, there was a point in the Korean history when Mudang became almost a pejorative term for a shaman 1 . However, the term has managed to keep its key meaning over the centuries and
The Cain 9, 9, 9 Tax Systems This tax plan has been proposed by Herman Cain who is a Republican Party member and a presidential candidate for the 2012 presidential elections in the United States of America. This newly proposed tax regime aims at replacing the federal tax system with a 9% personal income tax, 9% retail sales tax, and another 9% value-added tax. The most appealing element of this tax plan is that it addresses issues related to economic resources. Gravel (2008) observes that an effective tax plan should be able to address the importance of economic resources. The present tax system should be done away with largely because it is retrogressive towards economic growth (Gravel, 2008). So far, some economic critics are foreseeing mischief in this tax plan. They have dismissed it as a mere campaign tool. This tax plan has been applauded by various groups. Those who support it argue that it can enhance transparency and simplicity. It is capable of revolutionizing the economy of United States of America. So far, the proposals by Herman Cain can provide a tax burden relief to the American public if followed by the letter. Basically, it is being perceived as a significant shift from the retrogressive tax systems that have continued to load more financial burden on taxpayers. Indeed, one of the outstanding attributes of this tax plan is that it attempts to level down all major tax deductions. Grouping all the taxes into three main categories is important instead of having numerous cuts in an individual’s income. However, some critics have argued that this tax plan is only suitable for rich people. The Democrats have pointed out that this tax plan is for those who are rich. Similar claims have been put forward by a section of the Republicans. The focus is on how this kind of leverage would benefit low-income earners. He argues that most people would be able to pay less tax. At face value, the tax plan sounds quite fine. However, questions are emanating from this kind of leverage. Perry Tax Plans Rick Perry is another presidential aspirant under the Republican Party. His tax plan aims at instituting a flat tax rate of 20%. It also allows taxpayers to choose whether to continue with the current tax regime or go to a simpler flat tax. According to Perry, this kind of balance on the budget will not
Introduction Supply chain management involves the creation, implementation and management of all the processes involved in delivering raw materials from suppliers to manufacturers followed by making of the final product, and delivering the finished product to retail buyers until it reaches the end customer (Bozarth 2011). Supply chain can be said to entail the flow of raw materials (from suppliers to manufacturers to retailers and finally to the end consumer), and flow of information and cash from customers to manufacturers and back to the suppliers. Logistics is part of this supply chain, and supply chain is part of the value chain (‘The Times 100 Business Case Studies’ 2012). Effective and successful supply chain management is very important in gaining a competitive advantage. To realize the benefits of successful supply chain management, the following issues should be considered: Business location: It is important to locate a business in a place that is convenient to its operations (‘The Times 100 Business Case Studies’ 2012). For instance, an electricity generation business should be located near rivers, or lakes. This is in order to reduce delivery costs. A business dealing with selling of fresh products should be located near its warehouses and stores. This helps to keep its products fresh. According to the case study on Kellogg’s
Introduction Having a proper definition of a job is crucial because it allows identifying key traits of the profession and highlighting the aspects that future nurses should aspire to master through their education and personal development. Over the years, many variations of the definition of this job were offered by individuals, which reflects the transformations of responsibilities and tasks. This paper aims to review different descriptions of nursing and compare them to identify similarities. Definitions Firstly, it is necessary to determine the approach to defining nursing that was used by Florence Nightingale as she is the most significant person that affected the development of this profession. Nightingale described the job as doing “all at the least expense of vital power to the patient” (as cited in Black, 2017, p. 115). This included assessing the environments and factors that contribute to one’s health, which is reflective of the modern approach to nursing. Although the definition of the twentieth century accurately described the primary task that a nurse should do, it lacked the components such as a health assessment and an environment defined by Nightingale. According to Shaw, the focus was on the execution of orders and provision of food and other care for patients (as cited in Black, 2017). However, other authors did include factors such as mental health, comfort, prevention of illnesses, and the contribution of nurses to a person’s achievement of good physical health. Therefore, both Nightingale and twentieth-century health professionals understood the importance of different factors that enable proper health management. The post-World War II period marked a change in the attitudes towards nursing because new technology and altered approaches to education signified the importance of the work that nurses do. Peplau developed the essential definition of that era because the author highlighted interpersonal relationships as a factor that contributes to one’s health (as cited in Black, 2017). The assistance is highlighted as the core value of the profession that enables patients to achieve their health-related goals. Rogers stated that nursing diagnosis and promotion of health are core values of the job (as cited in Black, 2017). This enables an understanding that in the post-war period nurses had more responsibilities when compared to other eras, based on the previously discussed definitions. The modern definition of this profession is provided by the American Nurses Association (ANA). According to the establishment, prevention, minimization of suffering,
In 2007, the Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) was developed as the complex of programs and services implemented in the Northern Territory for the Aboriginal people to improve the health state of children within the communities and protect them from different kinds of abuse. Later, the focus of the programs was shifted to health questions. In 2011, the evaluation report concerning the programs’ implementation and success was presented. There is the part in the report which focuses on the effectiveness of specific initiatives for improving children’s health in the Northern Territory. To evaluate the appropriateness and efficiency of such programs like Child Health Check Initiative (CHCI) and its later variant the Expanding Health Service Delivery Initiative (EHSDI), it is necessary to concentrate on such important elements of the programs as the staff and to develop the effective evaluation questions regarding the aspects of the programs’ implementation and impact on the situation within the region. To evaluate the definite program or initiative, it is important to develop the evaluation questions. Evaluation questions are worked out to frame the whole process of evaluating the program (Rossi, Lipsy, & Freeman 2004). Focusing on the objectives of the program or initiative, it is possible to develop relevant evaluation questions to reflect the main aspects and points of the program (Hawthorne 2000). Answering the reasonable evaluation questions, the evaluator can concentrate on the complex picture of the process and its effectiveness according to the definite set criteria. To evaluate the staff about the programs’ delivery and provision as one of the main elements of the project, it is possible to develop eight evaluation questions associated with the factors of the programs’ implementation and impact on the health of children in the Northern Territory. The evaluative criteria and the indicator of performance are based on the data provided in the report on the statistics of positive changes in the health of children in the region (Overveit 2002). The delivery and provision of CHCI and EHSDI were based on the appropriately organized staff team. After checking the health conditions of the Aboriginal children, the team decides whether follow-up services, primary health care and medical help or preventive measures should be provided. To implement the program, overcome the problematic situations and make the right decisions, the staff should be experienced and professional ( Additional information on Stronger Futures Legislation 2012). Thus, the first question is   * How appropriate is the number of team members participating in CHCI and EHSDI to cope with the set tasks? The teams for CHCI are organized to provide the basic checking procedures. Thus, a doctor, three nurses, and the representatives of the administrative staff partic
Summary Argentina has been a fine example of a successful economy for several decades in Latin America. However, the country defaulted on its $ 155 billion of public debts. This is the largest ever for any country. In 2002, when President Dhualde tried to implement some economic reforms, the country further plunged into an economic crisis. One of these reforms led the peso to lose two-thirds of its value against the dollar. This led the government to seize the savings accounts of its citizens and restricted them on how much they could withdraw. Both local and international companies suffered the due loss of value of the peso. The government raised taxes for rich companies and local companies. Companies struggled to pay their suppliers abroad. Other defaulted. The government also introduced restrictions on foreign exchanges. In addition, foreign investors lost confidence in Argentina. International companies had difficulties repaying their dollar-denominated debts as the value of the peso declined. Argentina’s government amassed debts in terms of dollars, which proved to pay through a weak peso. Between 2001 and 2002, the country suffered a 15 percent economic decline, unemployment rose to 21 percent, and poverty increased to 51 percent among the citizens. By 2010, the inflation was 10 percent high as the government tried to stimulate the economy through rising wages, imposing price controls, keeping the peso low, and spending public funds. This reduced consumers’ purchasing power and increased poverty. Update the economic situation in Argentina to reflect recent events. How is the value of the peso faring? Do you think it was wise to cut the ties between the peso and the dollar? Why did Argentina peg its currency to the dollar in the first place? Do you think that the link between the peso and dollar contributed to Argentina’s problems? The president’s idea to cut ties with the dollar led to devastating effects as the peso lost three times its value to the dollar. This was an unwise move to restore the economy. The country pegged its peso against the dollar as an attempt to enhance economic growth and slow down hyperinflation. Initially, the idea was a success but later proved futile. The link between the dollar and peso contributed to Argentina’s problem. Since the dollar made the peso so weak, Argentina had the option of adopting the dollar as its official currency but if failed to do so. This could have slowed down the rising interest rate associated with currency risks, risks from exchange rates, and result in low-interest rates of its domestic debts (Katel, 2001). How did local and international companies adapt to the business environment at the height of Argentina’s crisis? Did they pursue similar courses of action or design dis-tinct strategies to deal with its effects? Local and international compan