ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction HACCP is a common acronym in manufacturing and food industry. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point refers to an approach used to ensure safety of food and manufactured products. Safety of products has been a concern for many people. Concern for safety of food and other products has been on the increase in the world. People are concerned of health effects that can result from substandard goods or products that may have harmful components. Reports on outbreak of food-borne diseases and effects from use of unsafe products have raised concern from consumers and bodies responsible for public health. Every country has bodies mandated with responsibility for ensuring safety of products. Unsafe manufactured products and food can lead to severe effects. HACCP provides an approach that seeks to mitigate the effects before they occur. Overview Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) aims at ensuring safety of products by using preventive means. The approach is used to ensure safety of foods, pharmaceutical products, chemical and biological products. The approach aims at using preventive means rather use inspection on finished products. In food industry, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point is used to identity factors that can compromise health safety. After safety hazard are identified then preventive action, referred to as Critical Control Points, are taken in order to prevent any negative health effects (UNIPO par 5). HACCP system has no specific stage where it is used but is used at all levels of food production and preparation. It is used in all stages including processing, packaging, storage and distribution. HACCP programs have been successful ensuring safety of foods and thus help in preventing possible health hazard. Mandatory HACCP programs for meat and juices in the country are acclaimed for ensuring high standard products that meet health requirement. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) HCCP program for seafood and juices has helped to increased consumer confidence on the products. HACCP usage in most other food industries is voluntary but has very positive effect on ensuring safety and raising consumer confidence. HACCP approach was developed as a realization that prevention is better than dealing with aftermath effects. The approach developed from process monitoring approaches used during World War II. Stage by stage monitoring was preferred during production of artillery since final product testing could lead to negative effect. HCCP was however developed in 1960 in the process of manufacturing foods for space flight. The approach is usually identified with food safety but has been used in ensuring safety in other manufactured products. Today HACCP is an internationally recognized approach for preventing health hazard. At international level, HACCP is recognized as a systematic approach that uses traditional approac
The objective of this research paper will be to explain to CEOs of companies on how to implement the CEO-to-Worker Pay-Ratio Disclosure. Successful implementation of the proposal will boost the elements of transparency, accountability, leadership, and strong standards of governance. As a matter of fact, the proposal will internalize the aspects of proactive management, employee motivation, and equality within a company’s corporate governance strategy (Colley, 2009). The sub objectives are summarized below. Modeling the compensation plan The proposed program refers to the values of a supportive learning environment, concrete learning processes, and practices leadership that reinforce innovation (Monks and Minow, 2012). This model will offer the motivation to acquire, bond, comprehend, and defend among the employees. The vision of the program will be to create an ideal climate for innovation and communication among the employees. Micromanaging labor and compensation efficiency Reflectively, the CEO-to-Worker Pay-Ratio Disclosure will give companies the authority to use a preferred statistical approach towards creating standard compensation modules for employees. Since the variables to be considered include payroll system, line of business, location, and groups of employees, a company might benefit from the CEO-to-Worker Pay-Ratio Disclosure since it may micromanage the efficiency of the labor force from the statistical data generated. Besides, the CEO-to-Worker Pay-Ratio Disclosure will provide a stable system of creating and managing the compensation measure in a company within a dynamic market (Deloitte Development LLC, 2013). Therefore, the corporate governance system in a company may align the payroll to short and long term objective such as employee development (Monks and Minow, 2012). Creating and managing benefits allocation The third step which involves calculating of annual compensation may help the corporate governance function in a company to modify its employee benefits and the scope of the employment contract to minimize incidences of redundancy. For instance, the “SEC clarifies that compensation elements should follow the instructions consistent with the calculation of the PEO’s total annual compensation” (Deloitte Development LLC, 2013, par. 7). Therefore, a company will be in a position to create the employee compensation structure without having to depend on the traditional methods that are silent on market dynamics. Significance on Corporate Governance Since the pay ratio rule will be part of the proposed CEO-to-Worker Pay-Ratio Disclosure, the corporate governance structure of companies will have system for promoting the elements such as culture, structure, systems, leadership, and strategic alignment. Therefore, the CEO and the corporate governance board may be in a position to create a risk management and mitigation policies, besides ensuring
Online policy primer is the so-called docket which is written to inform the users about their rights and abilities while installing or using various electronic sources. The policy describes the rules of various websites which are to be fulfilled to avoid problems with further use. Online policy primer explains the points of the terms of use agreement. Generally, online policy primer is created to explain the users their rights and the principle of system operation. However, firstly, it is necessary to explain the definition of the term and its importance. Thereby, Kingston (1993) says that “it is a policy primer – a fact that will be deeply appreciated by professionals and policymakers, as well as the average citizen.” (p. 9) This definition is recognized to be an appropriate one in all the spheres where policy primer is a must. In accordance with the suggestions of Bloomfield (1982) the main purpose of policy primer is to save time. (p. 11) Thus, there are a lot of examples of policy primer in different Internet sources. The most vivid example to explain the term of policy primer is to tell about the so-called license agreement of one of the websites which is called Twitter. (Online Policy Primer, 2010) For instance, if you want to use the website MySpace.com, you have to read its license agreement firstly. License agreement is a number of instructions which you are to read to become one of the users of the above-mentioned website. MySpace is a popular social network and its policy primer was written to warn the user against the rules violation. The rules of MySpace.com must be read carefully; it is up to you whether you read the instructions or no, but if you press the button Agree , it means that you get familiar with terms of the use agreement. Another important point of the website policy primer is that the only person who is responsible for the content of the messages and any other kind of information is a user. There is also a point concerning the copyright. You have no right to use information written by third party only. If you ignore this point, it will entail serious consequences such as account blocking. It should be mentioned that Google terms of services don’t differ much from various services of MySpace.com. Let’s consider another example. Nowadays many people can earn money through the Internet. There are a lot of various online sources which can help you to understand the basic principles of earnings online. Thus, one of the authors who writes books on how to earn money using the Internet, Mann (2000) states that “electronic commerce is changing the way businesses and consumers create, sell, and buy products, and the way they communicate and learn.” It is really true. Earning online differs from o
Introduction Breast cancer is a serious health issue associated with a significant mortality rate of the affected population. It is noteworthy that women are often unaware of all of the major signs and features of this disease, as well as the various treatment opportunities available to them (Sulik, 2012). Therefore, a focus on breast cancer awareness as a part of a company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy can be beneficial. Version 1 CSR campaigns aimed at raising breast cancer awareness often focus on females, who make up much of the affected population. However, at the same time, making males aware of the issue can also be helpful as they can encourage women to learn more about the disease and its treatment. Therefore, the campaign for employees as internal stakeholders will target all employees, regardless of gender, age, or ethnicity. This campaign may involve the use of posters and leaflets with relevant images and information. The information provided will be designed to address such areas as facts about the disease, statistics, personal stories, support options, available treatments, and so on. The campaign will also involve a number of discussions with breast cancer survivors. Finally, the campaign will include free screening for all female employees and the wives of employees. Version 2 The second campaign will target the company’s customers. Amazeen (2012) notes that such campaigns can be beneficial for the company’s image and profitable as well. It is necessary to note that the corporation’s customers are mainly Emirati males between 30 and 50 years old. Therefore, it is advisable to focus on this population. The breast cancer awareness campaign may involve the development of new advertisements (e.g., videos and visuals) that focus on the health issue in question rather than the company’s products. Benetton Corporation started using this strategy in the 1980s, and it has proved to be effective (Sulik, 2012). The advertisement may address many similar topics, but the focus should be on the male’s role as one who cares, supports, and encourages the women in their lives to have check-ups, receive treatment, and so on. The visuals will primarily be used in online communication (e.g., on the company’s website, social networks, and so on). It is also possible to invite some celebrities to take part in the campaign. They can be f
Introduction Research plays an important role in science. This is normally done to obtain detailed knowledge about certain aspects before an invention. Scientific research involves the study of diseases and other parameters to invent medicine and vaccines. Therefore, without research, there will be no inventions and therefore a big blow to health. Essentially research fulfils purposes that are designed before the exercise. However, apart from that, research has other implications on reality and daily lives. As a result, the effects of research go beyond the purpose it is meant for. This paper aims to take an analytical look at the concept of research. The paper will begin with a detailed look at the concept of research. Thereafter, the several similarities between different aspects of research will be analyzed. The impact of research on our daily life will also be reviewed. Impact of Research Research has a lot of impact on the daily functioning of life. First and foremost, research leads to a better life by producing results that can be used to make life better. Especially as far as scientific research is concerned, the invention of vaccines and medicines makes diseases to be less of a threat to society (Calderon & Slavin 2001). Therefore, through the process of research, various methods of handling life’s problems and making the world a better place to live in are facilitated. Secondly, the very process of research affects society in several ways. The impact of the process of research has two dimensions. The first part is the negative part in which the process of research has certain consequences for society. Unethical practices harm society. Since research is done on people in society, the practices adopted by the researchers have a lot of impacts. Scientific research has left some people with serious illnesses and injuries sometimes; it is like experimenting with people’s life. However, the process of research also has positive effects on society (McGill 1981). This is mainly because of employment opportunities, awareness and education. Research offers vast opportunities to the members of society to learn and obtain understanding about certain issues. At the same time, the participants of the research are remunerated making them earn a living from the same. Qualities of Effective Research Several factors denote effective and valid research. To conduct valid or effective research, therefore, several considerations must be in place. First is the aspect of ethics, for research to be valid it must be conducted ethically. This involves the practices adopted for the research (Cresswell 2003). If the research involves risks, this must be communicated to the par
Informed consent is regarded in contemporary occidental societies as an established legal and ethical necessity for medical transactions. The concept has a long history and was outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and the Nuremberg Code created in 1947 (Tam et al., 2015). Informed consent serves several objectives, namely to protect patients’ legal rights, ensure that medical practices are ethical, and preserve patients’ bodily autonomy (Hall et al., 2012). Nevertheless, the concept’s understanding and incorporation in practice can vary significantly among medical professionals – Allen v. Harrison serves as an example of a case where views on the concept diverged. The case is based on the damage to a patient’s health, which happened as a result of an ER physician’s prescription. After swallowing a small nail, the patient had to go to a hospital emergency room, where she was examined and ordered to perform an x-ray (Laurance, 2017). The prescription based on this examination recommended a diet rich with fiber so that the nail would pass naturally, a check-up visit, and return to the hospital in the case of the patient’s state worsening. The following day, the patient returned to the hospital due to prolonged vomiting and underwent urgent surgery to remove the nail (Laurance, 2017). Furthermore, several additional surgeries were needed to treat the complications associated with the perforated bowel (Laurance, 2017). The plaintiff presented these facts, which resulted in the case against the physician based on the claim of negligence and absence of informed consent. The role of the concept in question in the course of the case was initially dismissed. The trial proceeded on the negligence allegation, stating that “the doctrine of informed consent does not even come into play unless surgical treatment is rendered resulting in injury” (Laurance, 2017, p. 566). Nevertheless, after appellation, the Oklahoma Supreme Court recognized the relevance of informed consent, ultimately confirming the patient’s allegations. Primarily, this decision was based on viewing informed consent as applicable to non-invasive treatment and recognizing patients’ right to be aware of alternative treatment methods. In Allen v. Harrison, the court’s reasoning was founded on the fact that the ER physician did not secure the patient’s understanding of risks associated with the chosen treatment and did not acknowledge other options. In order to be valid, informed consent needs to contain several essential components. According to Hall et al. (2012), the next elements should be incorporated to establish informed consent, specifically “the diagnosis, the proposed treatment, the attendant risks and benefits of the treatment, alternative treatments and their risks and benefits, and the risks and benefits of declining treatment” (p. 534). Each of these components serves to warrant that a patient is sufficiently informed about their state of health and can make decisions concerning it with the necessary information. The acknowledgment of a treatment’s risks, benefits, and
Overview Steinbeck and Babb played a great role in shaping the literature of America. Although the authors were not recognized significantly during the past, their ideologies are relevant to the modern society. Steinbeck was an activist who wrote many books about the struggle between people who are poor and the rich ones. However, researchers and authors have questioned the originality of his work because they speculate that he copied Babb’s stories. On the others hand, Babb was a determined writer who faced harsh experiences during her childhood, education life and employment. She is recognized for collecting authentic books based on participatory observations. Situation in California While seeking to articulate the situation in California, Steinbeck wrote a famous book known as ‘Grapes of Wrath’. On the other hand, Babb focused on similar issues and wrote a book that was titled ‘Whose Names are Unknown’. In the two books, Steinbeck and Babb wrote about the plight of migrants in Oklahoma and California. They focused on the miserable conditions which dust bowl’s migrants experienced in Oklahoma and California. The authors described how the migrants pursued their rights from the relevant authorities. Steinbeck based his story on non-participatory observations where he visited migrants’ camps and interviewed the migrants. On the other hand, Babb was employed as an assistant manager of FSA where she observed how the migrants were treated in a direct way. This implies that she had firsthand information about the treatment of migrants. As a result, her book focused equally on the oppression of migrant workers. While evaluating the plight of migrant workers, the authors adopted different stances which portrayed similarities and differences. Similarity and Differences of Perspective Similarities The two authors suggested that migrant oppression was a barbaric act that portrayed recklessness. They condemned this oppression for propagating inhumanity. Babb stated that the California’s labor system exploited the workers heartlessly. Furthermore, she contended that the system in California was abusive and desperate. Also, she suggested that oppression of migrants was a show of human greed where the crop owners never cared about the welfare of the colleagues. Lastly, she stated that the oppression was a source of unending pain. On the other hand, Steinbeck argued that the system forced the migrants to live in miserable conditions. In fact, it was evident that author was very outraged by the treatment of migrants. This was portrayed when he stated that the migrants who worked for cash crop growers were treated in a discriminatory and brutal manner. He revealed that the cash crop growers blamed the migrants for laziness without any justification. Finally, he stated that the authorities could have treated the migrants properly by providing them with the basic needs. Difference in Perspective The differences between Steinbeck and Babb emerged during evaluat
Introduction The science of treating disorders has transformed into a rapid problem solving platform with the intervention of Biomedical engineering. This has initiated confidence in the health care providers and patients with the hope that they could overcome the complications of debilitating disorders. The pathological involvement of vital organs has prompted the researchers to investigate on the strategies that aim at replacing or repairing the tissues with functionally advanced counterparts. This would require an understanding of cellular structural frame work. However, the approach of drug delivery or any agent intended for alleviating the health complications may also need to be considered in addition to tissue engineering. For this purpose, there was a growing emphasis on the approach of encapsulation to treat a disease. The present description was focused on the utility and validity of encapsulation concerning Diabetes mellitus. This metabolic disorder has emerged as a major health burden in many countries due to its growing indices of prevalence. The function of key hormone, insulin gets altered leading to insulin resistance and abnormal glucose levels. This disorder may have etiologies of genetic, biochemical or immunological origin. This disorder was also believed to be associated with hypertension and cardiovascular defects. Although conventional therapies have contributed to the understanding and management of diabetes, there is also a need to emphasize on the treatment modalities keeping in view of encapsulation. This could be because this encapsulation technique was believed to be primarily cost efficient and may serve as better strategy to address the issues concerned with the cure of diabetes. Therefore, the objective of this description was to propose a study for treating diabetes with special emphasis on islet cell encapsulation and the related aspects of tissue engineering. Background and significance Diabetes mellitus, considered as a disorder of glucose homeostasis was reported to result from the immune-mediated damage of pancreatic beta cells in the islets of Langerhans (type 1 diabetes) or the insulin resistance and obesity syndromes (Giannoukakis & Robbins, 2002designtheyalginate-based The involvement of the pancreas in the etiopathogenesis of diabetes has increased the focus on Islet cells. Hence, transplantation of islet cells to inhibit the immune-mediated graft rejection was considered a better option previously to restore the specific pancreatic function (Giannoukakis & Robbins, 2002). Further, diabetes mellitus was associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) which was revealed by the elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (Bahceci et al., 2008). The utility of CRP was found to play a vital role in disorders where inflammation was reported. Hence, it was better regarded as an important inflammatory marker (Bahceci et al., 2008). Blaha et al. (2008) reported a comprehensive management plan known as the “ABCDE” approach that could better assist physic