ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As time goes on, it becomes increasingly clear for more and more Americans that there is something definitely wrong about the functioning of the country’s governmental institutions. This reason for this is simple – quite contrary to the official agenda of the advocates of social egalitarianism and political correctness, which during the course of recent decades have been in charge of designing America’s domestic policies, the gap between the country’s rich and poor has been widening in an exponential progression to the flow of time (Miringoff & Miringoff 152). Yet, there are good reasons to believe that this is happening not due to the policy-makers’ lack of enthusiasm in promoting the concept of a welfare state. Quite on the opposite – this is taking place because the currently deployed approaches to ensuring a social fairness within the society are based upon utterly unscientific assumption of citizens’ equality, regardless of what happened to be the specifics of their genetically predetermined rate of Intellectual Quotidian (IQ). In my paper, I will aim to explore the validity of this suggestion at length. One of the main argumentations, as to what causes a growing number of Americans to suffer from poverty, deployed by neo-Marxian social scientists, is the assumption that the country’s GNP continues to be unequally distributed among citizens (Rawls 245). In its turn, this causes many left-wing politicians to suggest that, in order for the rate of inequality within the American society to be kept under control, the government should consider hiring more bureaucrats, whose job would be concerned with ensuring a fair distribution of the national wealth among ‘underprivileged’ Americans. Some of these politicians go as far as proposing the institutialization of the so-called ‘Peace Department’, the representatives of which would be endowed with the executive powers to exercise an administrative control over the functioning of the country’s free-market economy – all for the sake of advancing the cause of ‘equality’ (Cronkite par. 4). Nevertheless, even though that the equality-obsessed social scientists prove themselves thoroughly insightful, once the distribution of wealth is being concerned, they appear to lack the basic understanding of what causes the GNP to be generated, in the first place, and what accounts for the discursive aspects of the wealth’s generation in a post-industrial era. This partially explains these people’s unawareness of the fact that, as of today, the value of ‘human capital’ continues to increase; whereas, the value of ‘physical capital’ is steadily declining (Milanovic 7). And, it is specifically the varying measure of people’s endowment with the ability to operate with utterly abstract categories (intellect), which defines the extent of their objective value, as ‘human resources’. The reason for this is apparent – the more a particular individual is being capable of relying on its intellect, while facing life-challenges, the more he or she is capable o
Introduction Pricing is part of the overall marketing strategy that plays tremendously vital role in the company’s success. Good price decision-making helps in boosting up the profitability and or market share of a product. Pricing factors in decision-making can be discussed as either external or internal factors. Pricing Factors in Decision Making Customer Value, Relative to Competitive Offerings This is an external factor affecting pricing decisions. In setting prices as a Bubba’s House of Pork Rinds proprietor, it is important to calculate all the differentiating features and benefits of its product or service as a summation package. For instance, the management can look at the customer demand and consider important factors such as comparing its products to those of the major competitors, and whether the firm has any competitive advantages vital to customers that they may be willing to pay more to get (Young and Keat, 2006). Differences between market and industrial segments In market segmentation, majority of businesses generate individual schemes of segmentation as a requirement to meet their business strategies (Young and Keat, 2006). There is some sense of similarity between these two segmentations, segmenting industrial markets appears different and more demanding due to its greater complexity in the buying processes, buying behavior and the bulkiness of industrial products. Prices in major industries are resulting to price differentiation among customer groups, which significance affects the profit margin. In order to make profits, a wholesaler or distributor that purchases pork rinds products in bulk requires lower prices compared to that of the retailer. They should maintain the end user price at almost equal level as when the manufacturer directly sells to a retailer. In short, Bubba’s House of Pork Rinds should consider the trends of its major buyers, if most of them are bulk buyers who resell the pork rinds, then, in order to maintain the prices to the end user, the firm must lower its prices. Expected Competitive Reactions A number of companies make drastic pricing decisions without considering several factors, a tend that might lead to price wars from competitors. Bubba’s House of Pork Rinds needs to consider the competitor
Introduction In today’s business climate, implementation of projects requires high level of creativity and innovation from the executive and employees of organisations. The process of implementing projects requires application of innovation management in which firms cut cost as a way of remaining relevant in today’s competitive business environment. Managers have to use appropriate tools of innovative management in order to influence workforces to work towards achieving organisations’ common goals. Since organisational projects always aim at helping firms in realising their goals, the inclusion of innovation management is necessary in allowing managers to have joint understanding of objectives and procedures in implementing such projects. Project managers must have wide management skills to forecast on the challenges that may arise during the implementation stage and even draw possible solutions to the same. Project Implementation Process The process of implementing new ideas within an organisation requires managers to influence perceptions of stakeholders to support the concept. Cultures of other organisations may hinder innovation and creativity from the argument that the management only accepts ideas that are in line with the daily operations of the firm and maintain the status quo (Watad 1). In such firms, employees are passive in their positions, as the management holds the key to all new ideas. However, the current globalisation rate forces firms to adjust changes in order to remain relevant in the market. Therefore, the management has to convince every person in order to support the implementation of new programmes. In convincing stakeholders, managers have to get the majority on board through consensus building to implement new ideas successfully. Resistance to Project Implementation In innovation management, even employees have to contribute creatively and innovatively to the progress of a firm. For instance, in a situation where clients’ demands and wants are not met, innovation management helps in finding solutions to those needs. Resistance in an organisation that originates from company’s beliefs and practices poses great challenges to implementation of projects. Managers should be flexible in their management styles in order to alter the culture of their organisations. Since implementation of a project does not guarantee achievement of the goals and objectives of the firm (Kilicoglu and Yilmaz 14), most stakeholders develop resistance to such changes. Inclusive implementation of a new project remains a challenge to most organisations, hence the need for innovative strategies in managing diverse stakeholders’ positions and views. Companies that desire to gain competitive advantage over their competitors in the market have to employ innovative management in their operations (Collins 8). Such firms set up training and de
The early morning of September 11, 2001, remains historic to many of the Americans who woke up to a terrorist attack in a country long believed to be the superpower. Nineteen hijackers from the middle east took control of four US commercial American airlines. Two of the airlines, flight 11 and flight 175 crashed on the North and south tower of the World Trade Center respectively in the early morning. The two other flights, flight 77 and flight 93 crashed into the Pentagon and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania respectively (Ronczkowski, p. 21). The attack on the US by al-Qaeda has been related to a lot of conspiracy theories. It has been suggested that the attack could have been an inside job by some individuals within the United States. The individuals have been accused of having known of the attack beforehand but they chose to do nothing about it. They are also suspected of having assisted the terrorist in performing a planned demolition of the world trade center (Heymann, p. 13). The investigations that were published by the National Institute of standards and Technology dismissed these allegations and the community engineers supported the move by stating that the building was brought down by the impact of the jets. The theory of the jets collapsing the building can be more upheld since the jets were at very high speeds. The impact of the jets on the building also led to subsequent fires in the building. The resulting fires caused the melting of the steel holding and the building became very weak. As a result, the building collapsed as the steel reinforcements could not support it. It is very important to note that the impact of the jets and the damage resulting from the fires did not have to necessarily bring the building down immediately for people to believe that the jets brought the building down (Heymann, p. 30). The fact that the building came down seven hours later did not mean that there must have been other forces that enabled to bring the building down such as thermal combustion. The investigation that was recently completed in August indicated that the fireproofs of the steel structures of the two towers were destroyed by the impact of the two Jets. An independent investigation by Purdue University indicated that if the fireproofs of the steel build
The Roman Empire was powerful, extensive, and influential to such an extent that it left a long-lasting legacy. After reading this week’s material on the fall of the Roman Empire, one can learn much about the time when the kingdom began falling apart. An individual understands that the whole empire did not fall once. The Western Roman Empire fell first at around 390 CE, while the Eastern one disintegrated in the mid-15th century (“Fall of Roman Empire”). Thus, vast historical information about the Roman Empire era is observable from the reading. Additionally, several conditions led to the collapse of the Roman Empire. The most significant one is the fusion of the Germanic mercenaries and fighters into the Roman troops. While the Romans were busy conquering other nations in Eastern Europe, they also allowed the subdued individuals to assimilate into the their culture, and the warriors had liberty to join the forces. The Germanic soldiers valued payments, which they received in the form of gold, and listened to their commanders only (“Fall of Roman Empire”). Therefore, with time, most commanders in Roman army were foreigners. Leadership challenges emerged, leading to instability and the eventual fall of the empire. Historically, the period is also linked with the acquiring of Christianity as the main religion. Constantine the Great was the ruler then, and he blended the new faith with the culture of the Romans. The understanding of how enemies contributed to the destruction of one of the world’s powerful empires is vital for developing effective foreign policies in contemporary societies. States should learn not to allow foreigners to hold critical departments in the government no matter how qualified or loyal they can be. Such individuals can easily betray a nation, leading to a security breach and ultimately wrecking a country. Work Cited “ Fall of The Roman Empire…in the 15th Century: Crash Course World History #1. ” YouTube , uploaded by CrashCourse. 2012. Web.
Metoprolol is utilized exclusively or combined with other suppositories to get rid of hypertension. Decreasing high blood pressure assists in avoiding strokes, seizures, and kidney complications. This medication is correspondingly used to get rid of upper body pain and to recover subsistence after a stroke (Larosa & Kostis, 2013). Metoprolol is acknowledged as one of the beta-blocker medications. It works by obstructing the effect of several natural substances on MT’s body. This includes the level of epinephrine and the blood vessels. This outcome normalizes the heart rate and heart tension. This medicine may similarly be used for heart failure, unbalanced heartbeat, headache deterrence (migraines), shocks, and other circumstances. MT should utilize this medication repeatedly to get the most of it (Larosa & Kostis, 2013). She should take it daily (it is also crucial to take it at the same time every day). Nonetheless, MT should not abruptly quit taking this medicine as her state may become poorer when the treatment is unexpectedly stopped. Dealing with high blood pressure may take an extensive period before MT gets the full advantage of this medication. It is central to remain taking this medicine even if she feels fine (Larosa & Kostis, 2013). To avert upper body discomfort, a subsequent stroke, or migraines, it is central to take this suppository recurrently as given. The dynamic component ezetimibe, which is a kind of medication identified as a lipid absorption obstructer. Ezetimibe attempts to avoid cholesterol and supplementary vegetal sterols being engrossed into MT’s blood flow from the minor intestine. It correspondingly stops cholesterol that is unconstrained from the bile canal into the bowel from being repeatedly captivated back into the blood circulation (Jellinger et al., 2012). The general outcome is a decrease in cholesterol levels in the plasma. Hypertension is spotted among individuals who take Ezetimibe, particularly for women that are older than 50, have been taking the medication for at least two years, also take suppository similar to Aspirin, and suffer from hypertension. The nurse recommends a wide-ranging approach to regulating sterol levels and address accompanying metabolic irregularities and adjustable risk aspects such as hypertension, diabetes, overweight, and smoking (Burst & Benzing, 2011). The initial approach to principal deterrence in patients with overweight ailments includes the employment of régime deviations, together with corporal actions and therapeutic nourishment treatment (Larosa & Kostis, 2013). The treatment may as well comprise patient instruction agendas to endorse additional risk lessening through quitting smoking and losing weight. The medication the nurse recommends to take instead of ezetimibe is pravastatin (Larosa & Kostis, 2013). It lets down “adverse” lipid and increases “upright” cholesterol in the individuals who cannot do this through nourishment régime and physical activities. It can also diminish the risk of a seizure, heart attack, and demise, predominantly if MT has high blood pressure/ diabetes or smoke
Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is an allosteric enzyme found in mammals where it is encoded by the HK2 gene. This enzyme is involved in the first stage of glucose metabolism to catalyze the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) through the addition of an ATP molecule. As such, it is considered a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. HK2 is normally present in the majority of all mammalian cells, but low concentrations. This characteristic means that HK2 has low Km (10 -5 M), and thus it works at maximal velocity (V max ) at very low levels of glucose concentrations (Engelking, 2015). However, the activity of this enzyme is highly inhibited by its product (G6P), and thus it is categorized as allosteric. Figure 1: Allosteric regulation of HK2 (Engelking, 2015). Therefore, the accumulation of G6P in cases where it is not utilized quickly leads to the reduction of HK2 activity. Additionally, HK2 is not inducible, but it is indirectly linked to insulin. Normally, the insulin allows glucose molecules to cross muscle and adipocyte cell membranes into the cells. Therefore, given that HK2 is involved in the first step of glycolysis, its expression increases in the presence of insulin. Importance As mentioned earlier, HK2 catalyzes the first step of glycolysis through the phosphorylation of glucose molecules by adding an ATP to form G6P. This stage of glycolysis is obligatory, and thus without it, glucose metabolism would be inhibited leading to its accumulation in cells. Through the phosphorylation process, HK2 commits glucose to the metabolism cycle thus preventing it from leaving the cells. Additionally, the enzyme binds to mitochondria through its highly hydrophobic N-terminal, thus coupling glycolysis to the oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria to ensure that cells get enough ATPs to meet energy demands. According to Roberts and Miyamoto (2015), HK2 maintains cell integrity and survival by “exerting antioxidant effects, direct protection of mitochondria against stress, and facilitation of autophagy under starvation” (p. 249). Therefore, HK2 plays an important role in glucose metabolism to ensure that cells’ energy demands are met, and it helps in ensuring cell survival. Expression of HK2 by Normal and Cancer Cells In normal cells, HK2 is expressed in low concentrations, especially in liver and muscle cells where it plays an important role in glycolysis. This enzyme is regulated through a feedback mechanism whereby it is inhibited by its product (G6P). However, the available research shows that HK2 is up-regulated in cancer cells (Anderson, Marayati, Moffitt, & Yeh, 2016; Lee et al., 2016; Hoppe-Seyler et al., 2017). One of the major characteristics of tumor cells is the ability to outcompete normal cells in the metabolism of glucose through glycolysis. This attribute explains why cancer cells can metastasize and outgrow normal cells. According to Hoppe-Seyler et al. (2017), cancer cells have been shown to have increased expression of HK2, which leads to
The brain is by far the most sophisticated yet complex organ possessed by man. Its ability to receive, decipher, and store massive amounts of information is to say the least amazing. Over the years scientists and other medical practitioners have dedicated their time and resources into trying to understand how it works, what makes it work and how it relates and function with other organs in the human physiology. As such, they have developed theories that indeed help divide it according to various parts and their functionality. As a result, in depth research has ensued as pertaining to how the brain processes our thoughts, assist in locomotion and most importantly how it helps us learn and actually retain that knowledge; memory. In this paper, we shall focus on the creation of memory as one of the core functions of the brain. Using documented proof, the discussion shall set to ascertain the fact that the human memory does indeed comprise of multiple cognitive systems as regarding to the different types of memory. Every field of research must always have a main focus through which questions and answers for that particular study are structured and provided. This having being said, memory research evolves around the belief that there are different types of memory systems that are interconnected and interact with each other to provide a particular outcome (Nyberg and Tulving, 1997). Additionally, these systems are sub divided into those that handle long- term memories and those that are in charge of short- term memories. The fact that there are separate memory systems seems to be agreed upon by many scholars. However, theories have been developed that dispute this statement and back the idea that some of these multiple cognitive memory systems function on independent levels depending on the current action or event. In terms of the long term memories, four systems have been irrefutably established over the years whose main aims are to provide insight on how the long term memory works and the situations that institute to its usage. These systems include the episodic memory system, the semantic, procedural and finally, the Perceptual Representation System (PRS). Over the years, a criterion known as the converging dissociations have been implemented to shed some light on how these different memory systems are totally separate especially in the handling of tasks that use or are affected by any of these systems. Maine de Biran wrote in 1804 that the brain does indeed consist of multiple memory systems. Among those that he focused on were the mechanical memory which deals with the skeletal coordination, sensitive memory which is in charge of the emotions and other feelings and representative memory which deals with our perception to the facts and events of the external world and influences the decision making struc
Outsourcing is perhaps one of the most common terms in the HR organs of the companies of the twenty-first century. In its basic sense, outsourcing HR means employing the services of an external agency in the recruitment and selection of candidates on behalf of the internal HR department of an organization. Perhaps a global example is SEEK, an Australian based company that advertises, recruits and places staff on behalf of other companies. Even though General motors does not directly through its top management issue out human resource outsourcing contracts, its human resource department is keen to deploy this strategy to cut on the costs of the department. One would ask why large companies such as General Motors would contemplate outsourcing its human resource duties, yet it can afford to run such a department. According to Patriot HR (2004), this is why small organizations do the same: “cut on costs, increase productivity, and provide a higher level of service to employees” (Para. 1). Concurrently, IBM Global Process Services (2011) “Automate and streamline HR processes and put transactions employees’ fingertips” (Para. 3). Outsourcing may happen both to local companies and even in overseas. For instance, as Patriot HR sheds light, in 2004, “An HRO was handling benefits administration for 1.2 million General Motors employees, retirees, and dependents. General Motors Europe also outsourced human resources functions for personnel in 10 different countries” (2004, Para 1). By outsourcing staff recruitment responsibilities, HR department has many opportunities to focus more on other core strategic activities. People have voiced quite a lot of unscrupulous news across the world about outsourcing. Take for instance the scenario in which “Texas has put IBM on notice where Indiana has sued IBM, which in turn has sued Indiana” (Global services 2011, Para.1). In the core of all these stalemates is the perception of outsourcing contracts going haywire. However, on the other hand, General Motors perhaps has a different s