ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Utah and Minnesota Incident Reporting Mandates A lot of attention has been paid to incident reporting. Health care facilities have to follow specific requirements to ensure patients’ safety. Thus, Utah and Minnesota Incident reporting mandates are quite similar and are aimed at detecting potential hazards to patients’ safety and developing plans to prevent such incidents. In both regions, departments, where incidents occurred, must provide their reports. Thus, according to Minnesota Statutes “, each facility shall report” to the department within fifteen working days ( 2013 Minnesota Statutes , 2013). Likewise, according to Utah Administrative Code, health care professionals have to report about incidents though the terms are different as facilities have to report within 72 hours or “in no event later than four hours prior to conveying a formal root cause analysis” ( Utah Administrative Code , 2013). Admittedly, the frontiers in reporting are frontline personnel (especially nurses and physicians). Though, the healthcare facility is responsible for providing their reports to the specific department. It is necessary to note that the incidents which should be reported are quite similar in both regions. This can be easily explained by existing national laws and requirements imposed. Thus, all health care facilities are required to have incident reporting mandates which cover the most common incidents (Kavaler, 2012). Hence, health care facilities report on surgical, product or device, patient protection, care management, environmental, potentially criminal, and radiologic events. Nonetheless, there are certain minor differences. For instance, according to the Utah Administrative Code, facilities have to report about suicides of patients who are in the facility or “within 72 hours of discharge” ( Utah Administrative Code , 2013). At the same time, in Minnesota, facilities have to report on patient’s suicide while in the facility only ( 2013 Minnesota Statutes , 2013). All facilities have to report about broken microneedles during surgery according to the Utah Administrative Code. Though, in Minnesota, broken microneedles are not mentioned. It is necessary to note that the mandates do not specify who exactly investigates reported incidents at facilities. In practice, each facility has a committee that analyses incidents (“A national survey”, 2008). The committee includes managers as well as practitioners. Importantly, incident reporting is protected by mandates. Thus, facilities send electronic versions of their reports to the Department. At that, the confidentiality of patients is ensured by a number of acts. It is necessary to note that only members of the committee can access reports. Facilities also provide a root cause analysis which is analyzed at the committee. Root cause analyses are potent tools that can be utilized to develop correcting m
Introduction The place of non-human animals in an acceptable moral system often attracts different moral views. The nonhumans lie on the borderline of human moral theories and principles; sometimes they are accorded a high moral status and other times they are denied any moral recognition (Pluhar, 1995, p. 67). Accordingly, the philosophical views on the moral standing of nonhuman animals are diverse. The three broad categories of philosophical theories on animal moral standing include indirect theories, moral equality theories, and direct theories. Indirect theories hold that, due to lack of reason, consciousness, or autonomy, animals cannot be accorded equal moral status as humans. Arguments of Immanuel Kant and Descartes belong to this category. In contrast, direct theories, though they accord some moral recognition to animals, they fail to accord them full moral status because of their lack of autonomy, rationality, and self-consciousness. These theories argue that animal sentience is enough reason not to harm animals. The moral equality theories extend equal moral status for animals and humans based on the concept that, animals and human infants bear similarities in their mental and physiological capacities (Pluhar, 1995, p. 71). They refute the moral relevance of rationality, consciousness, and autonomy-qualities of being human. This category comprises of the arguments formulated by philosophers Tom Regan and Peter Singer. The philosophers employ divergent perspectives in advocating for equal moral status for both human beings and animals. Peter Singer: Equal Consideration of Interests Principle Peter Singer has been an active advocate for nonhumans’ rights and ethics. In his article, “The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues”, Singer discusses various environmental issues in the context of nonhumans; moreover, he relates their interests to those of humans (2003, p. 191). He attacks the argument that animals should be accorded less moral status than humans should be accorded. He argues that, according unequal consideration to animal interests will result to unequal consideration of interests of different humans, which contravenes the common claim that all humans are equal. Consequently, Singer suggests that, the concept of equal consideration of interests as applied among human beings should apply to animals, as well. He describes the essence of this principle as; human actions involve prior moral deliberations regarding the interests of other human beings who are likely to be affected by our actions. Sin
Introduction Electronics waste dumping refers to the practice of informal processing of old-fashioned or damaged electronic devices. This practice has caused several environmental concerns, implying that there is a need for developing appropriate electronic waste dumping strategies. Electronic waste dumping is a growing trend in China that needs urgent intervention strategies. Chinese environmentalists are currently raising their concerns regarding the large amounts of electronic waste in the country, which are as a result of developed countries disposing electronic waste to the developing countries (Minter 25). A study conducted during 2002 reported that 80 percent of the high tech electronic wastes are disposed of in Asia, with approximately 90 percent landing in China, which is flown to family workshops. This poses various health and environmental risks among the Chinese, who attempt to disassemble the waste yet they contain various toxic elements such as lead and mercury. The situation is further worsened by the fact that they have little or no protective clothing, which in turn increases their risks of exposure towards toxic elements. This research paper analyses the problem of electronic waste dumping in China and the possible solutions that can be implemented to curb this problem. The problem of electronic waste dumping China There are numerous contributing factors that result in increased amounts of surplus electronic waste in Chi
Introduction Shakespeare recounts the circumstances under which King Henry ruled Britain. In preceding acts, King Henry had overthrown King Richard II before declaring himself King over Britain. However, his reign was characterized with constant rebellion. The Percys who had aided him to be King were behind the uprisings. Previously, they had helped him overthrow King
Conflicts are an inevitable and, more importantly, an integral part of communication. As unpleasant as they are, these experiences in communication are still crucial to leaning the art of compromising, coming to terms and proving one’s point. Therefore, it is essential for both individuals and organizations to be able to approach a conflict from the right angle and find a viable solution to the problem, trying to satisfy all the stakeholders involved. Identifying the key theoretical frameworks for the conflict management process, one must give credit to Marx’s concept of the Social Conflict Theory (Shakib, 2010). Outlining the key tensions between the ruling class and the inferior ones, Marx explained that the Capitalist environment creates the premises for a social clash. More to the point, Marx states explicitly that the given structure of society presupposes negligence towards the needs of the inferior class and, therefore, creates the factors leading to a major conflict. Though doubtlessly profound and significant, Marx’s theory seems to have aged impressively and needs to be updated. As a result, a range of alternative theories have appeared over the past few decades. The key ones include the Feminist Theory, the Race-Conflict Approach, the Critical theory, the Post-Modern theory, etc. It should be noted, though, that, with all due respect to the specified theories, each of them focuses on a particular source of a conflict, therefore, narrowing the research field down to a specific type of demographics (Shakib, 2010). Mapping the conflict is an efficient way of analyzing the key factors affecting the problem, as well as identifying the key approaches towards generating a solution. More importantly, a map can be viewed as a tool for identifying the factors that have caused the problem and, therefore, helping define the strategy that will lead to eliminating the root cause and, thus, solving the issue. A closer look at the phenomenon in question will reveal that a conflict map works as a method of arranging the facts related to a particular problem in a specific order so that the links between these facts could become obvious and the roles of the parties involved in the conflict could be defined. As soon as the cause of the conflict is identified, a viable solution based on the map created is designed. However, mapping the conflict can only be viewed as a method of defining the strategy for addressing the concern. As far as the approaches towards conflict management (CM) are concerned, five key methods of handling a specific issue are traditionally identified. As a rule, the CM styles mentioned above are viewed in the context of two key dimensions, i.e., assertiveness and cooperativeness (Mesko, Lang, Andrea, Szijjarto & Bereczkei, 2014); while four of the strategies to be specified below are the obvious extremes, the fifth one is the “golden mean.” Avoiding, as one may guess easily, presupposes that the pr
Introduction Teamwork and communication are very important in the process of providing quality healthcare in any dispensary. When these critical aspects are missing, the lives of patients are easily put in jeopardy. This state of affairs goes against the health facility’s aim of providing quality, responsive, and effective healthcare to all customers. The Quality Hospital is facing various challenges, especially in its Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where issues such as a breakdown in communication and lack of teamwork are greatly affecting service delivery. The 16-bed ICU, of the 300-bed hospital, is a critical part of the hospital’s desire to serve different customers, especially those who need critical care. Hence, poor communication and lack of teamwork are vices that must be addressed as soon as possible so that the hospital can live up to its expectations of providing quality healthcare. In the quest for addressing the challenges of communication and teamwork at Quality Hospital’s ICU, this paper provides a breakdown of the formation of a task force that will help the ICU to address the challenges it is facing. Further, the paper will address the specific challenges in the facility before providing possible solutions that the task force will highly recommend for Quality Hospital. Challenges Currently, the hospital is facing the following various challenges that are linked to teamwork and communication.  1. Lack of effective communication during hand-offs among caregivers  2. Lack of teamwork among Registered Nurses (RNs) and Nursing Assistants (NAs) on the unit  3. Unsafe working environment operational failures such as unavailable equipment or machines that are not in working order, and missing patient medications have resulted in ‘workarounds’ and often delayed treatment  4. Sporadic reporting of critical lab values from lab personnel to patients’ nurses The above challenges require immediate intervention to ensure that the hospital can provide quality healthcare. However, to ensure that these challenges are addressed effectively, the process must be inclusive to ensure that the suggested solutions are agreeable to stakeholders, and most importantly, effective for the Quality Hospital’s environment. Construction of a Taskforce To investigate and find solutions to the problems that the ICU of Quality Hospital is facing, a task force that draws membership from various staff members will be formed as identified below. The task force will be inclusive. It will get its members from different parts of the organization. The eligible members will be determined by their expertise and skills. Such an approach will guarantee maximum representation of all interests in the hospital so that the provided solutions are effective and applicable to many areas of operation in the hospital, but most importantly, the ICU. The task force will be referred to as the Teamwork and Communication Improvement Taskforce-ICU, Quality Hospital. Taskforce Members The task force will constitute the following members as identifie
Introduction Over the past few months, I have been introduced to the exciting world of Greek mythology. Most of the myths I have encountered have provided me with exciting accounts about the interactions between gods and mortals. The popularity of Greek mythology is mostly driven by the fact that most myths feature great story telling techniques. It is possible for readers of Greek mythology to transport themselves to the vivid worlds that are described by Greek mythology. Some characters in the myths are enviable while other characters elicit a lot of spite from readers. It is rare to encounter any ‘boring’ characters in Greek mythology because they are usually well formed to represent their current predicaments and challenges. Assuming I was to visit the ancient world that is described in the Greek mythology, my favorite scenario would be in the story of Apollo while my least favorite placement would be in the Trojan War. Apollo’s Servant As Apollo’s right hand servant, I always accompany him in all his missions and conquests. I am always amazed by Apollo’s relationship with music, poetry, and the sun. In addition, Apollo has perfect archery skills that he can give to anyone he chooses. Apollo is the son of the mighty Zeus and Leto (Powell, 2004). He has a twin sister named Artemis. This story is about how Apollo lost his beloved son Asclepius. I chose this story because it highlights the most interesting aspects of Apollo and the tricky relationships between Greek gods. The mother of Asclepius was Coronis, a mortal woman whom Apollo had married but “she had been killed by Apollo’s sister when she was pregnant with Asclepius just because she had been unfaithful to her husband” (Powell, 2004). I witnessed Apollo saving his son from the lifeless body of Coronis. This event was to account for the close relationship between Apollo and his son Asclepius. One can assume that Artemis’ actions would have destroyed the relationship between Apollo and her sister, but the two siblings just went on with their lives unperturbed. Apollo was going on with his life when suddenly his own father Zeus, killed Asclepius. It takes a lot of anger for anyone to be able to kill his own kind like Zeus killed his grandson. Asclepius was not entirely a god because his mother was a mortal and this meant he was only half-god. His mortal half made him susceptible to death but his godly abilities had made him a great medicine man who could raise the dead. Prior to his death, Asclepius had no major disagreements with Zeus. The reason Zeus killed Apollo’s son was because he had raised someone from the dead. This made Zeus angry and he decided to kill his grandson. Zeus actions were not only shocking to me but also to his son Apollo. Apollo was infuriated by his father’s actions and it took me a lot of effort to calm him down. Apollo had every intention of avenging his son’s death but he chose to go after the lightning god instead of his father. Cyclops the god of lightning was the one who had been used by Zeus to kill Asclepius. Apollo killed Cyclops to a
Introduction Most colleges do not necessarily require their students to acquire computer systems, but in the digital age, all scholars are expected to have unhindered access to fully operational and up-to-date computer architecture. Consequently, you need to purchase your student a computer system that can at least compliment the software and hardware standards that can be found in most colleges. It is also important to consider that the student might have to carry the computer to college on a regular basis. These are my recommendations for your child’s computer needs after considering various factors. Hardware There are various factors to consider while planning to purchase computer hardware for the student. First, computer hardware is evolving at a first pace and the machines that you purchase during the student’s freshman year may not suffice during all four years of college (Mathews 16). However, the hardware equipment that you decide to purchase should be compatible with both school and home network connections. Computer prices have been dropping rapidly over the last few years and the constantly changing hardware standards should not be a big issue. Furthermore, some hardware components can be purchased or leased at the same time. The first piece of hardware that your student requires is a computer. In your student’s case, I would recommend a laptop computer that can easily support the student’s computing needs. The laptop computer should most preferably be a light model and it should be accompanied by a laptop stand for home use. The laptop will cater to the student’s mobility whereby it can be used even for class trips and it can easily connect to college wireless networks. The laptop should come with an operating system of Windows 7 or higher and a multi-core processor. These specifications are suitable because most Microsoft Windows systems are supported in almost all colleges and they can also be used in most home environments. The processor choice is viable for both the educational and leisure needs of the student such as video streaming and gaming. Consequently, the laptop’s memory should at least be 4 GB and the hard drive should be at least 250GB. If possible, the memory and hard drive capabilities of the computer should be scalable to give an allowance for hardware upgrades if necessary. Other important specifications of the laptop computer include highly functional video and sound cards that can support video-lectures, high-definition presentations, and other extracurricular activities. The laptop should also come with a DVD that has to write capabilities. If need be, the student can also acquire a USB mouse and keyboard to make his work easier. The laptop’s wireless and LAN network capabilities should be up to the industry’s standards. Backup capabilities of the computer are also a major consideration when purchasing a laptop although a machine that has
The foundations of human behavior are among the most hotly debated topics in the field of psychology. Despite the impressive progress made in several recent decades, there was no conclusive evidence that a single factor is either solely or predominantly responsible for the resulting behavior. Two major candidates that are currently viewed as the most significant sources of influence are emotion and cognition. The emotion-driven theory suggests that our decisions are grounded in how we feel about the situation or action, while the more recent cognitive psychology states that our analysis of the situation is the primary driving force behind our decisions (Hunt, 2007). The situation is complicated by the findings in the evolutionary psychology field, which show that the ultimate aim of both emotions and cognition processes are very similar and are evolutionary-based (Forgas, Haselton, & Hippel, 2011). This makes isolation of the primary cause of a decision nearly impossible to determine. Currently, the psychologists lean towards a more recognized cognitive model. However, some researchers point that emotion as a defining factor can not be ignored even despite the current consensus, as it plays at least an equally important role (Gutnik, Hakimzada, Yoskowitz, & Patel, 2006). It is difficult to illustrate the prevalence of emotion as a driving force behind human behavior, as the example must clearly distinguish between the emotional and cognitive processes, which is a challenging task. However, a possible solution is an event where emotion is conflicting with the critical analysis of the situation. For example, we can imagine the event which I perceived as morally unacceptable but is otherwise harmless. We can use a thought experiment suggested by the psychologist Jonathan Haidt. In an experiment, people are told about brother and sister who decide to make love while on vacation. They use several types of contraception to eliminate pregnancy, and the resulting experience is satisfactory. However, they agree not to repeat it or share the details with anyone. When asked to evaluate if there is anything wrong with the event, most people would respond positively, condemning the siblings’ behavior (Royzman, Kim, & Leeman, 2015). However, they fail at explaining the reason for the condemnation, usually pointing to adverse genetic effects for children born from close relatives. When reminded about the contraception, they proceed to the possible psychological trauma. When this argument is discarded based on their satisfaction with the experience, they turn to possible negative social outcomes. Finally, when this assertion is negated by the fact that they managed to keep it a secret, people usually either continue to seek logical explanations in minor details or