ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays considered the end of the vale of life, death was rarely seen as such in the ancient world – quite on the contrary, it was viewed as a great adventure. Such are the hypotheses that archaeology, the art of traveling across time, space, and cultures, provides. Despite their doubtless weirdness, these ideas may have a grain of truth in it, as the recent archaeological findings, particularly the soundbox found inside the Tomb of Queen Paubi, indicate (Digital Collections para. 8). As it often happens with various works of art that have stood the time test of several epochs, the creator of the harp and the invalid soundbox inside it is unknown. The same can be said about the place of the artwork’s origin – it is hard to define whether the soundbox together with the lyre was actually made by an artist living in the palace or any other place. Found in Ur, Iraq, the artifact is believed to have been made 4,400–4,600 years ago ( Ancient and Medieval Art para. 6). The materials that the soundbox is made of are quite diverse; in fact, the components of the artifact have made a number of archaeologists doubt whether the artwork in question actually is a soundbox and not a cash box used for collecting funds for various purposes, including warfare and religious projects. The framework of the soundbox is made of wood, shell, and red limes
Introduction The modern use of some words can be considered wrong though the changes that are natural for the language take place and should be treated as the transitional period in formation of new grammar and vocabulary. In this respect, I would like to analyse the use of modal words and modal verbs in different varieties of English by contemporary speakers comparing those with the results received a few decades earlier. So, I would like to trace the relation between the origin of speakers and their ability to use modals correctly taking into account the current situation in the language environment and the one that occurred a few decades earlier with regard to the varieties of British and American English in different age groups. Aim and Scope The main purpose of this paper consists in investigating the use of modal verbs and expressions in different varieties of English language including mostly the difference between American and British English. Besides, it is necessary to analyse the peculiarities of use of modals by teenagers and children with the help of examples from different corpora of English language. These corpora include examples of speech from different settings and origins including different age groups, namely children and teenagers, various sources of information such as documents and newspaper articles. One of the major peculiarities of these corpora is the variety of genres including press reportage, editorials, reviews of books and music, letters, periodicals, catalogues and reports as well as fiction, science fiction, adventure, humour, and romance. Every source will be analysed with regard to the frequency of use of modals in different functions and shifts in the meaning conveyed with the help of modals that can be observed in terms of the period to which the examples refer. Besides, it is also necessary to investigate how children and teenagers were affected by changes in the meaning and the frequency of use of modals by adults and teenagers/children. Previous Work As a rule, linguists investigate the most interesting aspects of the language usage in terms of results of the researches to be used in practice. In this respect, the c
Terrorism is considered to be a phenomenon that can easily affect lots of people and describe the true essence of terrorism that is inherent to our modern world. The 21 st century is the time, when terrorism comes of its age: numerous bombs, which take lives of innocent people, and hijacks, which may also cause lots of deaths. (Davies, 2003) The vast majority of observers like politicians or journalists prefer to think that Arab Islamic culture is actually responsible for creating terrorists’ groups. Of course, it turns out to be rather easy to find out some reason and admit that someone is guilty, and someone is not guilty. However, to clear up what or who may cause terroristic attacks, it is better to analyze everything more thoroughly and weigh all pros and cons. I cannot agree to the idea that Arab Islamic culture and terrorists are really connected to each other; it is falsely to think that any representative of Arab Islamic culture has to be a terrorist and may be punished because of some cultural issues. Without any doubts, terrorism is all about influence, power, and desire to prove something. After the September 11 attacks, lots of people start thinking that only the representatives of Islamic culture, who suffer from American influence and its unbelievable power, could take such terrible steps in order to revenge, protest, and demonstrate their abilities to rebellion. However, what about all those countries, which suffer not from Islamic terrorism but some other type of terrorism? For example, in 2006, more than 200 attacks took place in the EU because of separatists. ( TE-SAT , 2007) Do all those separatists have Islamic origins? Hardly! People should not be Moslems in order to be able to accomplish some terroristic attacks. It may happen that some people are not satisfied with political regime they live in or just cannot comprehend why this or that country has some influence on their lives. Such cases are so inherent for our modern world; however, if all people try to solve their problems by means of violence, the results may be rather disappointing. To my mind, it is mistakenly to think that culture is something that may influence terrorism and create more terroristic groups. It does not matter what cultural aspects a person prefers, he/she has all chances to join some terroristic campaign. In general, such a use of force, power, and violence that we call terrorism is aimed to intimidate or even coerce the government or some individuals to take some actions or chance decisions. The United States of America is one of the counties, which suffer considerably from terrorism. Lots of innocent deaths are caused by bombings, hijackings, or just shootings. I truly believe that terroristic acts and Arab Islamic culture should be inherently connected to each other. Of course, the events of 2001, when the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York were destroyed, demonstrated that Moslems could easily forget about conscience, compassion, and care about children and other innocent people. They had a purpose and wanted to achieve it by any means. Their
Introduction ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek’ is set in the American Civil War and tells of the execution of Peyton Farquhar, a civilian confederate sympathizer (Sparknotes.com, 2007). The story throws us to different times: the ‘present’ moment of the execution, the past that led to the execution and most notably, to an ‘imagined present’ (Sparknotes.com, 2007). But there’s is no clear distinction between the reality and the imagination if each is to be judged on its own right. Just as the real world has people who can be hungry and tired and in need, so is the world that Farquhar imagines. It is this playing around with time, this irregular time sequence that makes this story famous. From a psychoanalytic point of view, it is quite evident how Bierce’s own life is an influence to this story. Besides having himself been a soldier, Bierce was an outspoken opponent of realism, which insisted on reflecting life as it is, ‘without any subjection whatsoever to creativity of the mind (Sparknotes.com, 2007). Analysis The story is a reflection of some of the issues that Bierce seemed to have been interest in. These include: Reality versus Illusion: Bierce seemed to be of the thought that the line between reality and illusion is not a very obvious one; that these two work side by side (Sparknotes.com, 2007). Bierce, to an extent, manages to bring the audience with him into this thought. The final section, Peyton’s escape to his family, is quite believable in its own right. Of course, there’s a possibility of the reader being confused. Here’s why. The final sentence in section I is “The sergeant stepped aside” (Sparknotes.com, 2007), at this point, we expect that Farquhar is plunging to his death. Now in section III he is ‘really’ escaping to his family; the reader is caught between a fact, as told by the storyteller, and the reality of Farquhar’s escape as created by words. The confusion created by a conscious/subconscious awareness that Farquhar is plunging to his death vis-à-vis his escape, or the acceptance that he is actually escaping, are a reflection of Bierce’ success at making us see that, in spite of the gap between them, the difference between reality and illusion, what it takes to move from one to another, is not so obvious. Bierce also explores the aspect of liquidity of time (Sparknotes.com, 2007). The story moves from the present to the past and finally to the imagined. This structure reflects how fluid time is, as well as the conflict between its competing variants. Section II interrupts the continuing process of Farquhar at the edge, starting to plunge down to his death (Sparknotes.com, 2007). In section III, Peyton has gone into a completely timeless re
The main character in this discussion is Poseidon god. This god was referred to as god of seas and oceans in ancient Greek. He lived at the place called Aegae in the deep sea where he used to keep horses and chariots that he used for transport. His wife was called Amphitrite and had three children. He also had other children that he bore with other mortal women and divinities. In ancient Greek people believed that storms and earthquakes happened under the influence of this god. However, just like human beings, these gods had flaws such as jealousy, anger and fear. Therefore, these gods were immoral and committed mistakes. This paper explores on an ancient Greek myth, “the seas and oceans are controlled by gods that must be appeased to ensure that havoc such as earthquakes and storms do not occur”. It focuses on Poseidon god of the seas and oceans in Ancient Greek that was to be appeased through sacrifices to ensure that seas and oceans remained calm. The major problem or issue that made Poseidon god to cause havoc in the sea was failure to be offered sacrifices by the people. The god caused mayhem in the seas through earthquakes, floods and storms. During such moments, the sailors and people who lived near the seas experienced problems as they lost their properties and even life. He caused this havoc because he wanted people to offer sacrifices to him. When such sacrifices were not offered, this ang
Racial health disparities exist in wider US society, as it has already been proved by the numerous studies of COVID-19 treatment demography. Other disparities the Latino population usually faces include language-related inequality and discrepancies in providing healthcare for Latino youth with problem behavior. Providing equal healthcare for all US citizens is essential since it goes along with American democratic principles and values. This paper aims to create an annotated bibliography of scientific articles presenting the lack of healthcare resources among Latino communities. Annotated Bibliography Ruiz, John M., Belinda Campos, and James J. Garcia. “Special issue on Latino physical health: Disparities, paradoxes, and future directions.” Journal of Latina/o Psychology 4.2 (2016): 61. The authors present the main subjects covered in the whole journal: Latino healthcare disparities, higher longevity levels, and lower cardiovascular and cancer disease cases. The latter phenomenon is known as the Latino health paradox and leaves scientists with a whole research field. Scholars emphasize that this phenomenon exists despite health disparities and does not justify them. The authors emphasize that in further research, the tradition of considering the Latin American population as a separate group should be abandoned. On the contrary, sufficient attention should be paid to Latin American groups and communities, which differ significantly in socio-cultural indicators such as immigration status, income level, age, and geographic location. Kia-Keating, Maryam, et al. “Using community-based participatory research and human-centered design to address violence-related health disparities among Latino/a youth.” Family & Community Health 40.2 (2017): 160. The authors of this study highlight inequality in health care services among a group of young Hispanics who are prone to problem behavior. According to scholars, there is a request to develop ways of working with this group and involve communities in dialogue and joint action. The authors believe that the combined efforts of parents, adolescents, and researchers will help develop effective practices to promote this group’s health. The study aims to gain the attention of Latino communities and medical practitioners who work with them to create well-thought-out practical approaches. This article satisfies the previous request that the Hispanic population should be treated in terms of separate groups. Harkness, Audrey, et al. “Latinx health disparities research during COVID-19: Challenges and innovations.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 54.8 (2020): 544-547. This study explores the topic of continuing research into the underserved population of Hispanics with behavioral problems such as substance use, violence, and HIV/AIDS. The authors note that, despite the threats of COVID-19, there is an opportunity to proceed with research. Moreover, investigations related to COVID-19 expand opportunities for study. Therefore, this
Introduction According to the marketing area experts SWOT analysis review the key issues from an analysis of the trade environment and the strategic ability of an organization. The chief objectives of conducting SWOT analysis is to recognize the coverage to which the existing strategy of an association and its more exact strength and weaknesses are pertinent to, and capable of, dealing by means of the changes taking place in the trade environment. It also uses to assess whether there are opportunities to develop further the exclusive resources or core capability of organization. Moreover, SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It’s a four-part come within reach of to analyzing a company’s generally strategy or the strategy of its trade units. All four aspects have to be considered to execute a long-range plan of action. In order to whack the rivalry you require comprehending SWOT. No doubt, It’s a way to examine a company’s or a department’s place in the market in relation to its contestant. The goal is to recognize all the major factors affecting competitiveness before crafting a trade policy. SWOT Breakdown SWOT recognize the internal and external issue that have an effect on an organization. Here’s the breakdown of SWOT by interior and outside variables: Internal factors (Strengths and weaknesses)   * A corporate structure, culture and resources.   * Shareholders.   * Customers.   * Competitors. External factors (Opportunities threats)   * Politics.   * Technology.   * Society.   * Economics. SWOT comes from an old expression from the tactical planning field. Marketing gurus have taken well-known terms from old “situation analysis” main beliefs like foundation competencies (your company’s main business), legal responsibility (weak points that require development), customers and competitors and simply given them a memorable new acronym. “The purpose of policy is to be actually clear before you take the trend. The point of a SWOT analysis is to have the greatest shot at a beached plan,” says Rashi Glazer, co-director of the Center for Marketing and knowledge at the University of California at Berkeley. For instance, an information knowledge department needs to decide the strengths and weaknesses of its people and its knowledge. It also requirements to make sure the IT strategy balance the company’s trade goals. The department head wants to ask: What is each employee’s member first-class at? What are they not first-class at? Project leaders also have to consider opportunities and threats or clientele and competitors. How good-looking is the market or way they’re considering? What’s their market share and price organization? Delta Air Lines Inc., for instance, chose to spend in a multibillion-dollar purchaser service system that addresses the flight holdup troubles experienced by 20% of its passengers. Though a quantity of companies might think the move was extreme considering 80% of customers have no troubles, Delta believed client service was an important area for rising market sh
Introduction Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack, there is a need for health centres, hospitals and other medical institutions to formulate and implement policies that will assist in responding to such tragic events in order to avoid more injuries or unnecessary deaths in cases where the health care providers are unprepared. Therefore, there is a need for hospitals and other medical care providers to become prepared for such terrorist attacks in case they occur again in the US. Emergency preparedness is a very crucial aspect in the hospitals and health care providers to save lives and avoid injuries or deaths in the process of rescuing the victims of the attack. Main body The administrators in the health care centres and hospitals need to ensure that their personnel are well equipped with the necessary safety clothes and equipment to avoid contamination and injuries that may increase the number of casualties. This move ensures that the medical personnel are protected while they offer medical care to the injured. In addition, there is a need to train and educate the hospital personnel on how to rescue victims of terrorist attacks to avoid the panic that may lead to more deaths. More so, terrorist attacks are diverse as their attacking weapons range from biological, chemical, nuclear and thermomechanical calling for hospitals to be prepared in case the terrorists’ decision to use any of these weapons upon the US. This implies that healthcare personnel should be well trained and educated on how to respond to any of these attacks. In addition, there is a need to develop fast and effective communication systems to ensure that all departments of a hospital or health care providers are alert and well informed on the situation on the ground i.e. the form of the attack and what is expected of each department to avoid panic. Communication plays a very crucial role in any rescue attempts as it ensures all the parties involved are well informed on what is required of them. Hospitals and other medical providers should develop a surveillance system that will detect illnesses to avoid them from spreading in the case where the terrorist may opt to use biological weapons. This system ensures that diseases are detected and controlled before they become a national disaster and spread to other countries and become a global problem. This may pose a disaster that would be hard to control and cure. Therefore, there is a need to install these systems to detect illnesses at an early age that can be easily controlled and cured. The hospital administrators should ensure that each department or unit in the institution has enough resources
The voting rights in U.S. have been a contentious issue for long. Eligibility to vote in U.S. is determined by both the state law, as well as the federal government. The United States Constitution, Article 8 and Clause 1 give the Congress the power to impose taxes, imposts, excises as well as duties. However, the United States of America Constitution limits Congress powers to impose direct taxes by requiring it to distribute direct taxes in accordance to each state’s population census. While preparing the constitution, use of the ‘Necessary’ as well as ‘Proper’ clauses was supposed to act as guidelines for legislation of taxation. The powers for legislation of the taxation process were given to the legislative branch. However, what looked to be a clear process of limiting the legislature powers pertaining to tax ended up being imprecise as well as unclear when applied on income tax. Despite the powers granted to the federal government to impose taxes, federal should not abuse these powers in imposing inappropriate taxations. Denying people the rights to vote for failure to pay taxes is a form of Congress abuse of the powers that can be overturned. The United States Constitution allows the federal government to impose income tax only if the federal allocate tax among the States in respect to each States census population. During the enacting of Election are Free Act in 2010, the federal government did not put into consideration the tax allocation as per States census population. Therefore, Election are Free Act that was enacted which requires single people who earn over $ 75,000 per annum as well as married people who earn more than $150,000 to provide a copy of their tax return to their local county officials before being allowed to register to vote is subject for debate. The second factor that can result to the overturned of Election are Free Act enacted in 2010 is its discriminatory aspect that limits only a few category of Americans from exercise their voting rights based on their failure to pay 15% of their total income as taxes. Despite the federal enacting of the Election are Free Act, the rights to vote are explicitly stated as per the 1964 amendments and denying American citizens opportunity to register on the basis for failing to pay taxes is not a sufficient foundation to justify such a discrimination. Thus, those who have been affected by the act can challenge for the reverse of the act in order to give all Americans an equal opportunity to express their voting rights (Brownlee, 2004). Codes of ethics are essential in guiding behaviors of various professionals in their day-to-day endeavors. The presence of a universal code of eth