ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction It has been acknowledged that the incarceration of people has various implications. These people are often vulnerable when they are trying to reintegrate into society. There are various programs aimed at helping these populations to become productive members of the community (McClure et al., 2015). Nonetheless, it has been estimated that two-thirds of released inmates get engaged in the unlawful activities, and approximately half of these people go back to jail (Berg & Huebner, 2011). It is also acknowledged that incarcerated parents or guardians are a distinct group as their children play a significant role in their reintegration as well as the rate of recidivism (Latessa, Listwan & Koetzle, 2014). This research concentrates on factors affecting recidivism in incarcerated parents or guardians. A survey design is chosen for this study as it enables the researcher to reveal people’s attitudes towards certain aspects, their experiences and factors that have an impact on the choices they make. Purpose Statement The purpose of this research is to determine particular factors contributing to recidivism in incarcerated parents or guardians as well as analyze the effectiveness of programs aimed at assisting these people to reintegrate into society. It is important to note that the survey will generalize the experiences of these people, and it will be possible to develop certain recommendations concerning reintegration programs. Hallett and Johnson (2014) state that the family, as well as faith-based programs, are the most effective. This survey will attempt to identify the efficiency of these methods. Research Questions   * Do parents consider possible adverse outcomes of their incarceration for their children when thinking about committing a crime?   * Do financial issues and the desire to better provide for children contribute to recidivism?   * Are faith-based programs efficient?   * Are programs based on the development of family ties effective?   * Is visitation of children useful? To answer these questions, samples will complete questionnaires. Likert scale questions will be utilized. The use of this type of survey question will enable the identification of participants’ attitudes towards programs and unlawful behaviors. Hypotheses Parents consider possible outcomes of their unlawful behavior for their children. Faith-based programs, visitation of children and programs based on the development of family ties are efficient. These hypotheses are measurable by identifying the way incarcerated people see the programs and their possible involvement in illegal activities. Research Plan This study focuses on the attitudes of incarcerated parents. Hence, the participants of the study will be young adults (18-45) who have a child or children or who are guardians. Members
Various factors need to be considered when creating an effective and successful team. From diversity to team hierarchy, many factors influence the eventual output of the team, affecting the leader, team members’ performance, and client’s satisfaction. The paper aims to evaluate what factors need to be considered to create an effective team. Factors to Consider First, respect and communication are the primary factors that indicate the potential level of success the team is going to reach. If every team member is capable of providing clear feedback, engage in open communication, and review their own ideas and those of others, it is likely that the teamwork will also result in excellent outcomes. Thus, the leader’s first aim is to evaluate the openness of the communication between team members. Second, the decision-making in the team also needs the leader’s attention. It is important to avoid recruiting professionals who tend to have an authoritarian approach toward leadership and might try to build a hierarchy with them on the top. A hierarchy is important but should not undermine the team’s effectiveness and cooperation. The leader also has to observe how ideas are used in the team and whether they are all equally reviewed, criticized and accepted (if appropriate). Third, flexibility is one of the most critical team qualities nowadays because the continually changing business environment requires from professionals to understand how they can adapt to new needs or wishes of their client. If new directions are sent, the team’s responsibility is to respond adequately and efficiently, ensuring that all team members are ready to defend their opinions and are aware of their strengths and weaknesses. It should be noted that both the inability to accept a new point of view and a too-fast readiness to abandon it are bad signs and can undermine teamwork, especially in stressful conditions. Braun, Peus, Weisweiler, and Frey (2013) examine transformational leadership and its influence on teamwork. An individualized approach toward team members expressed by a transformational leader is often supported by followers because “each individual follower is able to voice concerns through intellectually stimulating behaviour” (Braun et al., 2013, p. 271). Thus, the type of leadership that I as a leader am going to use is of utter importance because of its influence on followers’ morale, performance, and job satisfaction. Team diversity is another factor that is often emphasized by leaders and in leadership research. Pieterse, Van Knippenberg, and Van Dierendonck (2013) point out that goal orientation is vital for diverse teams because it helps avoid issues related to discrimination and stereotyping in such teams, as well as other task-irrelevant behaviors. Although Pieterse et al. (2013) argue that diversity is a double-edged sword, remarkable results can be achieved if it is handled correctly. Knowledge and coordination are factors that do not only influence teamwork but also can undermine its effectiveness if they are underrated by the team leader and members. As Reagans, Miron-Spektor, & Argote (2016) point
Today’s society is characterized by a variety of diversity areas, which must be taken into account in counseling. The presentation prepared by Garzon (2010) contains several points regarding the issue that I find crucial. First of all, the LGBTQ+ community has been severely ostracized by groups attributing themselves to the Christian church. Such a negative attitude toward these people was allegedly justified by Biblical principles regulating interpersonal relations and kinship. However, the Scripture directly promotes equal love among all people: “So now I am giving you a new commandment: love each other. Just as I have loved you, you should love each other” (Holy Bible, 2006, John 13:34). Secondly, LGBTQ+ community members face an array of challenges, which are not seen by the rest of the population. Garzon (2010) states that homophobia, increased suicide rate, fear of coming out, and rejection are some of the critical issues of the community. Finally, gay-affirmative treatment, which aims at ensuring the clients’ comfort in terms of their sexual orientation and self-acceptance, is a widely accepted practice (Garzon, 2010). Nevertheless, there are still debates regarding this approach despite its evident advantages for the community. As far as I am concerned, the presentation brings up an important topic directly related to LGBTQ+ counseling. Indeed, such people have been treated poorly by several religious groups, which are not exclusively Christian. In this case, the Bible, along with other sacred books, has a one-sided interpretation, attempting to justify the ostracism. At the same time, other parts of the Scripture serve to prove the opposite point of view, i.e., universal love, tolerance, and acceptance. Garzon (2010) provided useful insight into the nature of homophobia, too, by proclaiming it unjustified fears deriving from others’ sexualities. I found this passage quite educational, as it emphasized that homophobia implies more than worries regarding unwanted advances from a same-sex person. In my opinion, LGBTQ+ counseling is an important area of therapy, and it requires a particular approach. The necessity is caused by unique unfortunate aspects of these people’s lives, which must be addressed in therapy. According to Grzanka and Miles (2016), LGBT-affirmative therapy implies that counselors should affirm their clients’ sexuality and conduct treatment in light of it. Gay-affirmative therapy is opposed to the obsolete views, according to which homosexuality was a temporary state that should be changed. In addition, this kind of therapy allows for a more in-depth examination of the clients’ issues. This way, the process should become more effective, as it is comprehensive in terms of encompassing all relevant aspects of the client’s personality. Overall, I am convinced that gay-affirmative therapy is an efficient tool for working with the LGBTQ community.
Introduction America has always had a culturally diverse society but discrimination among races is common in the country. Ethnic wars shaped the American history as the whites and colored struggle to cohabitate in the country. In the present day, though there are no more wars among races, cultural diversity still continues to be a sensitive issue among citizens of the United States. I had reviewed two essays with regards to the issue of cultural diversity in the country. One is by Susan Brady Konig entitled “They’ve Got to Be Carefully Taught”. It is about how children in preschool are introduced to the issue of cultural diversity. Another essay I had read is “Do I Look Like Public Enemy Number One?” by Lorraine Ali. The essay is about a young American girl of Arabic descent. She is being judged and scrutinized because of her race rather by her own personality and behavior thus growing up; she was ashamed of her Arabic ancestry. These two essays address how race is being defined by most people in America. How people of color are alienated because of their cultural backgrounds. Though victims may be American citizens themselves, still they are judged for the color of their skin, hair or ethnicity rather than by who they truly are. This paper aims to analyze how cultural diversity is defined in America. Through the use of rhetorical devices such as ethos, logos, pathos, purpose and diction the two essays I had read and reviewed will be fully evaluated. Generalizing People: Ethos on Cultural Diversity Ethos is used to illustrate the guiding principle or values that describe a group of people, state or ideology. Most white Americans believe that people of color are considered foreigners even if they were breed, born and raised in the United States like most white American. This ideology brings conflict to the society for it separates people according to their hair and skin color, religious and moral beliefs and their races and ancestry in general. In Konig’s essay, she pointed out that the issue of cultural diversity is introduced to children as early as their preschool days. Teachers may be culturally biased and such bias might be transferred to young toddlers if they are not careful. Kids at ages two or three years old may not fully understand the issue. They may misunderstand the concept. This becomes very dangerous for the misconception of cultural diversity may stain relationships and outlooks on races. In “They’ve Got to Be Carefully Taught”, Konig pointed out at the end of her essay that a young dark haired girl became an outcast. Two blonde haired young girls did not include her in their circle because she was different. It is this result that we can attest that the efforts of the school and teachers to highlight and teach cultural diversity to children failed. In Ali’s essay, the writer aired out her sentiments on growing up as an Arabic woman in the United States. She was constantly ridiculed and pre-judged because of her ethnicity. She pointed out that her sister suffered from teachers in school. “During r
Abstract The National Constitution divides national power between the Federal and State governments. The Federal government has 3 levels – Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary. The biggest level is the Executive headed by the President; under it are 15 departments and 56 agencies and commissions all of which combine to form the government. The Cabinet advises the President on matters related to each one’s responsibilities. State governments are not subsidiary to the Federal government, but retain their own sovereignty and have their own differently worded Constitutions. They also have Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary levels. Local governments are subsidiaries of State governments that directly cater to the requirements of Americans, 75 percent of whom live in areas governed by them. Introduction The United States is a federal union that comprises 50 states while the District of Columbia contains the federal government. In the early stages, the U.S. government was based mainly on the state government pattern. Before the American Revolution, the country was divided into 13 colonies, all of which had come under British rule. After the War, these colonies, despite coming together under the newly formed Articles of Confederation, essentially ruled themselves because they were apprehensive of being subject to a powerful central government similar to the one they experienced under British rule. Nevertheless, they soon found that a particular form of state government lacked power and could not last long. They found themselves facing just one solution – to draft a National Constitution. The National Constitution The National Constitution of the United States of America has the distinction of being the oldest constitution put on paper in the world. It states that power within the nation is divided between two levels of government – the Federal government and State governments. The State governments in turn share their power with Local governments that are essentially their subsidiaries. This form of government, called the federalist system, is directly opposite to the centralized system of government practiced by Britain under which all the power is vested in the national government. The U.S. National Constitution allocates both levels of government certain exclusive powers as well as requires them to share certain powers . The exclusive powers of the Federal government include formally announcing the country is at war, mobilization of the Armed Forces, entering into treaties with foreign nations, managing foreign policy, printing money, passing regulations related to interstate and foreign trade, setting up post offices, and enacting laws deemed necessary to exercise these powers. The exclusive powers of the State governments include sett
Introduction Great composers offer interesting novel ideas and concepts that improve the development of the music genres. Such masters as Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) have undoubtedly impacted the musical universe through their composing innovations. They provided future generations with multiple methods of musical expression, allowing the composer to affect the audience. However, apart from music, operas also include elements of drama to further impress the viewers. Although orchestra music is especially powerful, it can be significantly influenced by drama, enhancing the audiences’ impressions. This paper analyzes the impact of Richard Wagner’s (1813-1883) preludes, on the transformation of opera music, explaining how the composer introduced a novel method of composing opera music by analyzing the themes within the drama. The idea to elaborate on the connection between music and dramaturgy was suggested by Richard Wagner, a brilliant composer from Leipzig. Wagner created several extremely successful operas or music dramas that demonstrated his composing genius and involved the elements of drama, poetry, music, and visual presentation 1 . His work Tristan und Isolde prelude is one of the most powerful romantic tragedies that resolves in the lovers’ death. However, it also depicts Wagner’s brilliant use of leitmotifs, musical forms, and symbolism, through which the composer develops the storyline 2 . His Tristan und Isolde Prelude and Love-Death, as well as Flying Dutchman sequence innovations, have transformed opera music, evolving the musical universe to a new era. In this paper, I will discuss Wagner’s trends in composing preludes and their impact on the musical world. Wagner’s Ideas on the Future of the Opera Richard Wagner was one of the most well-recognized composers of his time. Wagner is often praised for his complex compositions, which combined music and drama. Born in 1813, Wagner took inspiration from composers like Beethoven and Mozart, whose works he deeply studied and regarded as exceptional examples. Wagner focused on incorporating dramaturgy into operas 3 . Dramaturgy is understood as the analysis of dramatic composition, which attempts to efficiently represent the drama aspects on the stage 4 . Wagner’s music form became highly famous not only during his lifetime but even after centuries. The complexity of the Preludes and remarkable use of symphonic orchestra made Wagner’s works especially impressive and engaging for the viewer. The composer had distinct views on how to progress the development of the opera genre. Wagner thought that operas should include poetry, music, drama, and visuals to engage the audience and convey the essence of the work 5 . This concept was named Gesamtkunstwerk – total work of art – and was used in the majority of his music dramas 6 . The composer utilized complex
Introduction The art of high order thinking enables collecting information, synthesizing and reacting in the proper manner. Some of these take place when a person is still very young while some are being acquired as they grow. This kind of thinking is affected by certain environmental characteristics. As children grow, there are three main stages involved. Each stage comes with new adaptive skills. These stages are infants (children from birth to two years), toddlers (children from two to five years) and school age (children from six to 12 years). At each of these stages, children continue to develop more skills and abilities, and thus adding to the list of activities that they are able to perform on their own. Findings Analysis Infants Children at this stage range from birth to two years of age and possess limited abilities. For instance, they can collect information through observation only (Voss 2012). However, there is very little chance that a child of this age, especially the newborn, can sustain the information gathered through observation mainly because they are not able to talk. Secondly, their brain has not matured enough for them to be able to synthesize the information with expertise as compared to the older children and adults. When a child is still some months old, guardians and parents can help them in enhancing their cognitive abilities. For example, they may be given toys that are tied around and move around. The ones who are very young can follow only with their eyes, or sometimes try to reach out for those toys. After the age of nine months, most children can move around, whether by crawling or walking. At this stage, they try to move around to reach on something interests to them (Bijttebier 2015). Also, at this stage, they are also able to remember things that they have seen before such as faces. Toddlers This is the second stage in the growth of a child where he develops even more abilities. The cognitive abilities at this stage are more advanced and are children from ages two to five. They are now able to speak and thus can get information not only through observation but also through inquiry. This is the level at which parents can start teaching manners to their children because they will remember and act in the appropriate way (Robinson 2014). The children are also able to communicate their needs appropriately and comfortably. Their ability to synthesize information also improves since they can do things such as telling stories from pictures that are shown to them. Moreover, most of them usually begin to attend school as soon as they reach this age. Parents are also advised to instill discipline and other skills in their children because they will remember to practice them (Nickerson and Zodhiates2013). School age This is the third stage in the growth of a child. Children’s minds are more advanced at this stage, and their age range from six to 12 years. They can synthesize more information than the younger ones. These children are very aware of the environment around them and can familiarize with situations and people that they come into contact with (Murris 2012). Their ability to
Life is a process that is dynamic in nature and deals with spiritual growth. From an early age and this will be a spiritual tool that will enable a human to grow. Any human being is responsible for his/her life and their life is dependent on the effort the person is putting in his daily life. According to Prophet Mohammed’s description of life, every person has a specific purpose in life and it’s according to God’s plan in his summon on Mt. Sinai, Jesus Christ said mankind was not created to perish but to have eternal life. Any human being has the ability to think and as a result of this gift which is not in animals, he/she is able to reason, for example, a five-year-old girl who made her toy to start talking, this is a true imagination, another example is that chimpanzee will not think as a human being does, the human being will imagine many things in life and in that way he will make a decision. Evil is found in the world because some people don’t care about others. They tend to be, self-centered, proud, revengeful, etc. Naturally, any human will like to put himself first before others without remembering that there is something which is greater than his tendency (goodness). The human being will only remember things that have already taken place, you cannot remember things that you have not seen or heard. So in order for a person to remember, he must have seen those events happening and that is the condition why people will remember things in the past and not things that will have not happened. Every human being is on earth because of one thing and that one thing is life, and another reason is that they were born on earth. The term ‘now’ is the situation human beings will find themselves in when thinking. In the process of learning, we always engage with other people’s ideas, and sometimes we try to incorporate those ideas into our own writing. By doing that sometimes we commit what we call plagiarism. Plagiarism is the use of another person’s ideas and we don’t acknowledge that person or the source of that work or idea. Many students will plagiarize for a number of reasons, they will feel overwhelmed by many assignments given in class and that could be difficult to handle the workload of assignments given in schools and at the same time have a social life, other students are just lazy. Sometimes a student might find it hard to find the assignment given in class and he/she is afraid of asking for assistance from those who know how to go about it. The proper way a student can avoid plagiarism is by citing the author’s works; this is simply describing where you got that piece of information, with that in mind it will give credit to the author who worked hard to create that information. Second, in-text all the factual information even though you have put that information in your own words, third: Let the students be aware that academic dishonesty is not allowed at the university and it is taken seriously by the management, fourth elaborate more for students about plagiarism and give them examples how they can avoid it, and lastly encourage the student to do their own assignment because it will be