ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The play ‘Wit’ by Margaret Edson presents Vivian as the main character. Vivian is a highly educated woman but unfortunately she suffers from cancer of the ovary. She attempts to use her academic qualifications to conceal the truth that she has cancer but she finally decides to face the truth. The aim of this paper is to present a critical analysis and interpretation of the play’s ending. In addition, the effect of the end of the play will also be discussed. As the play opens, Vivian is presented as a patient fully dressed in hospital attire. The disease has taken a great toll on her causing her to lose a lot of weight. When she is first informed of her condition, she does not exhibit any emotions, a fact that is attributed to her high academic qualifications. To Vivian, the news that she has cancer are not in any way shocking since she compares the situation with what she deals with on a daily basis in her work. She starts treatment with one of the doctors being her former student. The doctors intend to use her treatment for experimental purposes. Since Vivian is a professional, the idea of being used as an experimental tool does not present any difficult to her and she agrees to undergo the treatment without involving anybody else. She does not bother herself so much with the disease she is suffering from but decides to use much of her time in reading about it. To her, it requires the same attention she gives various areas of study in her field (Edson 9). In the course of the treatment, it is clear that Vivian is a woman full of strength. She openly states that she can confront problems instead of shying away from them. Her treatment introduces Susie and Jason who are supposed to take care of her though they have different characteristics. Jason is only interested in the experimental aspect of Vivian’s treatment while Susie is human. The condition of Vivian worsens after an overdose is administered to her. However, she still remains determined and comforts herself by saying that she is used to suffering. She uses her situation to show that it can be used as a source of academic articles (Park 1). Despite her will to fight till the end, Vivian’s health is seriously affected by the drugs towards the end of the play. The doctors are prepared to save her life and continue with their resuscitation efforts. Susie, who is among the attendants of Vivian feels that the patient has suffered a lot and suggests that death, would be better. Vivian finally agrees that she is suffering from a dangerous disease and gets afraid. She finally comes to a realization that wit and intellect are not enough to guarantee human beings life (Park 1). As the play nears the end, the aut
Introduction The novel Rule of the Bone by Russell Banks highlights various themes that relate to parenthood and children upbringing. The protagonist, Chappie is a perfect teenager whose criminal mentality begins at childhood. Banks uses Chappie to highlight the theme of family institution and the effects of poor parenthood. This book review discusses Banks’ perspective on the family. The paper also highlights the failures and successes of family in inculcating values in their children. Author’s Perspective on Family From the onset, the author points out the importance of the family institution in inculcating the right morals to children. According to Banks, Chappie’s family is broken. His father left his mother when he was still a young boy aged five years and rarely sends assistance to the family. Although she could have sued his father for failing to send alimony for his son, she does not want him in jail. The rationale is that the assistance would not be forthcoming in any case during his jail term. Besides, she does not want Chappie to become the “laughing stock” in their town if his father becomes a jailbird. As such, Chappie’s mother failed to sue his biological father who at the time was engaged to Rosalie and had abdicated his parental obligations. Additionally, his mother gets married to Ken whom according to the protagonist is an alcoholic who has made his mother to begin drinking. His reference to Chappie as ‘ him’ displays his lack of interest in the upbringing of his adopted child. Undoubtedly, Chappie grows to believe that he belongs to his mother in contrary to the belief that his stepfather contributed considerably to his life. As such, the author uses the opening of the novel to show the impact of a broken home on a child. The author holds the perspective that the family is vital for home’s stability and essential to upbringing of a teenager. Due to poor parenting, Chappie gets lost in the world of drugs and fails in school. Indeed, he rarely attends school and views school’s punishment as an opportunity to go and get high alongside Russ and the bikers (Banks 12). His family seems dismayed by his failure to pass his exams but rarely follows up on his interaction patterns. At his age, he smokes high amounts of weed that a cautious parent will be quick to notice and offer guidance. However, Banks says the family suspects that he is on drugs but shows no intent of planning an exit from the world of drugs (13). It is apparent that the author depicts Chappie’s family as unable to handle him and offers him ‘independence’ that he yearns for at a young age. As every teenager would attest, freedom from their parents’ rules and regulations is an important aspect of their lives that they feel is overemphasized. The author therefore uses this platform to show the effect of uncontrolled sense of autonomy amongst teenagers. Due to increased sense of freedom, Chappie fails to see his life beyond drugs. T
Before the 16 th Century the works of Aristotle were the most trusted sources, be it in logic, metaphysics, or syllogism. His followers had compiled his works in one volume. The logic was mainly about Aristotle’s views which were respected and regarded as complete. Even renowned scholars held the notion that there was nothing else to discover or add after Aristotle’s work, others believed that anyone who could oppose such works was confused or ignorant. However, not all were in agreement. This saw the emergence of Francis Bacon as a formidable figure to reckon with as he published his own volume (a newer version of Aristotle’s). Bacon developed a new method of conducting scientific inquiry. He popularized this method which was the use of induction to arrive at scientific conclusions. He demanded that humanities and sciences be subjected to a well-planned procedural analysis and investigation. His method revolutionized the way things were done especially in science, of which some of his methods are still in use up to date. He developed a method known as the scientific method, which argues and proves that; science and society are inseparable. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) hailed from England and was a decorated man during his life. During his career, he held numerous high-profile posts in government. He had acted as the attorney general, solicitor general, Queen’s Counsel, regent, lawyer, scientist, jurist, Lord Chancellor, but he is mainly credited and remembered as the man who crafted the scientific method. He was educated at home and then ‘‘he entered Trinity College Cambridge, on 5 April 1573 at the age of twelve’’ (Venn & Venn 45), and it was while at this place that he met Queen Elizabeth and got acquainted. His uncle was a Baron. He held the conviction that his mission was to uncover scientific and social truth, serve his country with all his soul and get dedicated to his church as well. Having such convictions, he sought high posts in government as he believed this was the only way he could accumulate wealth to meet his goals. He was however heavily in debt throughout his life and this led to his disgraceful dismissal from the government. He was a shrewd man who supported the government of the day to enable him to attain his goals. Bacon’s influence in both science and philosophy was instant. Before his theory, it was generally accepted that deduction was the method of science and humanities; any other method was not authentic. The deduction school of thought holds that knowledge in any field especially science can only be attained by subjecting the topic hand to deductive logic. Deduction entails the use of particulars, constructing premises that depict the nature of the topic and then arriving at a universal conclusion, for example, john cries, James cries, and then the conclusion becomes all men cry. It is difficult and almost impossible to come up with any scientific discovery while using such a method. This is so as it moves from particular to general. One has to know the spe
Social networks are a relatively new phenomenon: the official starting point for social networking history is 2004, the year Facebook was launched. Subsequently, other social networks such as MySpace, Twitter, Venmo, and recently TikTok became well-known and used by many people. Social networks are especially crucial for young groups since they provide almost all the tools for self-expression and communication. The resources available through social media are perfectly adapted to meet the key needs of young individuals – communicating with peers, overcoming feelings of loneliness, and establishing personal identity. According to the researchers, “online displays of alcohol behavior have been correlated with offline alcohol behavior and risky drinking” (Moreno & Whitehill, 2014, p. 91). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects and efficiency of social media in raising awareness of alcohol as a health risk factor and decreasing alcohol consumption among youth. Young People and Social Networking Today, only in rare cases one can find a person who has no registered personal account in at least one of the currently popular social networks. Young people, however, behave quite differently in social media compared to older generations. The level of trust towards social media influencers and their content is significantly higher in adolescents than in grown adults. The latter are considerably more sceptical given their age and experience. Young people view influencers like friends whose opinions, choices, and recommendations they like to follow. It is definitely a decisive factor in raising awareness among young people of such topics as climate change, career choices, promotion of healthy life choices, and exercise. However, according to recent research, 113 out of 178 influencers had a least one alcohol-related post among the last 100 posts, increasing the perception that “drinking alcohol is normal and fun” (Hendriks et al., 2020, p. 4). Alcohol posts are often presented as part of a positive, socially popular, and entertaining lifestyle. Given the potentially powerful impact influencers have on young people, and their natural responsiveness to suggestion, it is crucial to develop campaigns that help to raise awareness of health issues early alcohol consumption may have. Social Media Efficacy to Reduce Alcohol Consumption Alcohol is one of the most common recreational drugs used by people. Even though it is undeniably harmful to everyone, damages it causes in the development of young adults and teens are significantly more severe. Several cross-sectional surveys were conducted by a group of researchers in Denmark to see how a mass media campaign can raise awareness of the relationship between alcohol consumption and increased risk of cancer. According to the research results, a significantly higher number of respondents supported proposed policies on banning alcohol advertising, age limits, and mandatory nutrition labeling post-campaign (Plum Christensen et al., 2019, p. 3). Another study conducted by a group of researchers in th
Bride and Prejudice is a musical film directed by Gurinder Chadha. The screen play which is co-written by Paul Berges in 2004 is created on Bollywood style adaptations (Eber, 2005). The language used for the screen play is mainly English, with Hindi and Punjabi accent interference. The screen play is characterized with exotic sounds, Bollywood style dancing and vibrant colors. Though Bride and prejudice screen play transplants from Austen’s work in 1813, the background of the screen play is set in modern India. Main actress, Rai (used as Lalita), who is doing her first English language movie, commands the play like a seasoned English language screenplay star. Though the screen parallels Austen’s writing which was done over a hundred years ago, in both cases, the producers portray women being useless in society until she is married (Eber, 2005).The action of the film takes place in three different countries, India, England and the United States. As the movie is based on Austen’s Bride and Prejudice novel, a number of characters retain their names while a few are slightly altered. The movie, which is set in Amritsar, features Lalita Bakshi as the main star. Lalita lives with her doting dad whom she assists in running family business. Lalita’s mother desires to marry her daughters off to wealthy men. During her friend’s wedding, Lalita interacts with a handsome wealthy gentleman called Will Darcy. Darcy, an American, had come to Amritsar along with a friend (barrister Balraj) and Balraj’s sister for family business (Chadha, 2005). After their interaction, Darcy struggles with attraction to Lalita, who on her side views Darcy differently. She thinks that Darcy is vain, intolerant and arrogant towards Indian culture. Darcy and his friends are greatly amazed at the exclusive behaviors that are exhibited by Lalita’s mother and two of her daughters during subsequent parties which they attend. The mother chatters; Maya performs her kitchy dances while her sister Lakhi has astonishing flirtatious behavior. These behaviors mortify Lalita and Jaya who opt for reservation. Later, Balraj and Jaya develop a romantic relationship which does not last long due to misunderstandings and interference from other people. After some time, Lalita interacts with Johnny Wickman, Darcy’s former friend whom she also gets attracted to. This does not help much as the interaction only validates Lalita’s perception of Darcy. Mr. Kholi, a man whom Lalita considers americanized, proposes to her, but she rejects the proposal. To Lalita’s confusion, Mr. Kholi marries Chandra who is Lalita’s best friend (Chadha, 2005). As Will’s determination to marry Lalita develops, his mother, Catherine, stands on his way through constantly undermining his efforts. Darcy and Lalita separate Lakhi and Wickman later as they attempt to run away together. The separation of the two is based on the argument that Wickman will ruin Lakhi’s life the same way he did it to D
Introduction Boundary issues in counseling result from failure of a counselor to stick to the limits to which he/she is professionally authorized regarding a client. As a counselor, I have to ensure that my relationships with clients remain professional when delivering psychological services within the restrictive parameters that are safe for clients. Dual relationships, on the other hand, refer to a situation where, in addition to profession relationship, a significant emotional relationship exists between the client and the counselor. This dual relationship is generally unfit for professional counseling, since there will be power imbalance that may negatively influence the counseling process (Syme, 2003, p.6). Boundary Issues and Dual Relationships Various issues exist in relation to situations pertaining to ethical and appropriate professional relationships between the counselor and the client. Boundaries to a counselor might include the fee charged, time span of the counseling sessions, level of personal disclosure, and physical contact. The primary concern of counselors is establishment of boundaries and management with respect to individual clients, where the counselor focuses on delivering services beneficial for clients. Although determination of whether acts are appropriate or ethical may be difficult, the above criteria can clearly distinguish their appropriateness. Observation of these boundary issues and dual relationships is paramount, considering the existence of inherent power imbalance where the client trusts the therapist’s expertise, and therefore discloses personal information (Pope, Tabachnick & Keith-Spiegel, 1987). There are situations where dual relationships are complex and ambiguous. In this case, there is a need for application of a decision-making model where clients are involved in discussions to maintain professionalism. In my place of counseling in the community, it coincidentally happens that among the clients who come for counseling services are my students whom I teach in college. In this case, an ambiguous dual and complex relationship exists. In such a case, there must be a discussion with clients in order to avoid interactions that may hamper success of counseling services. Over and above discussion and avoidance, therapists may choose to terminate the therapy process in order to observe the codes of conduct. As a counselor, I may be involved in community projects of my interest, where I am appointed as a board member. It coincidentally happens that among the board members are my clients who go ahead to meet me in person during the board meetings, and openly admit being glad of sharing similar interest and characteristics in the community. These situations call for one-on-one discussion with clients to enable distinction of the two relationships. One example of a complex dual relationship may occur in a case when an unmarried counselor is celebrating a special day, and in the proces
Every stage of human development is significant and unique as people develop, acquire new knowledge and adopt new behavioural models. Thus, in infancy (up to one year), the child is dependent on its parents; in childhood (1-10 years old), children rapidly develop physically, mentally and socially; adolescence (12-18 years old) is characterised by numerous transformations and adulthood is the period of functioning of fully developed individuals, though there can also be certain mental and behavioural transformations (Shaffer & Kipp 2009). Notably, adolescence stands out as this is the period of considerable emotional turmoil and physical transformation. Adolescents learn how to function in the society and fully develop their behavioural models. During this period, people have to make a lot of choices and are in search for their selves. From theoretical perspective, this period provides new insights into the attachment theory, which will be discussed below. It is also necessary to note that adolescents are the most vulnerable group in the contemporary society as globalisation and rapid development of technology provides numerous challenges for these young people. Therefore, adolescence is a period which requires special attention. It is necessary to note that adolescents have to cope with rapid transformation of their bodies. This physical transformation affects psychological development of adolescents to a great extent (Swanson, Edwards & Spencer 2010). Birnbaum and Linver (2013) stress that this is the period when people become active in all respects, i.e. need extra physical activity and are active in forming relationships. This is the period when young people experience their sexuality and often have their first sexual experience, which can affects further development of their personality (Tolman & McClelland 2011). It is noteworthy that their behaviour often changes and they form new attachments. Apart from physical development, adolescents acquire an important skill which helps them function in the society. Hence, they develop self-regulatory tools which shape their behaviour (Gestsdottir & Lerner 2008). Self-regulation is important as adolescents learn how to live in the world of adulthood. As has been mentioned above, adolescents face a variety of challenges. Apart from experiencing their physical transformation (which is quite a serious challenge), adolescents make attempts to become a part of a larger group. Clearly, young people try to understand who they are, but they also feel the need to fit in (Schwartz 2008). This is the period when their attachment to parents decreases and they search for new relationships (Smetana, Campione-Barr & Metzger 2006). This period is often associated with neglect of rules and desire to break them. Researche
Introduction The case of Ongko Furniture is the classic case of a small to medium enterprise that is facing the global challenges brought up by globalization. Mr. Jaya Ongko has been manufacturing handcrafted furniture products for the past three decades and has witnessed his business expansion at an incredible rate during the first decade. Nevertheless, during the second decade of operations, a combination of internal and external factors lead to increasing problems for his small firm. The case of Ongko Furniture is the classic case of a company facing stiff competition from globalization and the internalization of trade. At the present moment of difficulties, it is clear that Mr. Ongko will have to undertake a significant transformation process in order to safeguard his business we find many finance concepts that many other firms around the world use today. They range from the concerns related to the rise of operational costs to the investments in research & development and innovative technology. Recommendations Rising competition is one of the major factors that influenced the small firm of Mr. Ongko during the 1990s. This rising competition and other internal factors like the ‘waking up’ of local communities, increase in population and in the job offers influenced in raising the cost of labor substantially. We see that operational costs for Ongko have been rising dramatically. In fact, they have passed the budgeted values. The actual cost of goods (high-end and mid-end products) is $495,430 or $14450 over the predicted budget. This will be his first step toward remaking his company very profitable again. In order to do this, it will be necessary to change the business model he has been pursuing until now. Nevertheless, this reformation has to be gradual without improper expenditure or loss of revenues otherwise it can result in a financial catastrophe. The first recommendation for Mr. Ongko is that he should redirect its firm toward the production of mid-end products more and gradually reduce the high-end ones. The reason is that high-end products require more labor time, induce more costs and, especially, their sales have been going down from January to June. In fact, their sales have been way below the budgeted ones. Quite the opposite is true for
Introduction The author decided to focus on the peer buddy program as it relates to children with disabilities in schools. In the essay, the author will provide recommendations with regard to how the peer buddy program can be successfully implemented in schools in the future. The purpose is to see to it that children with disabilities enjoy inclusivity in the learning processes. As such, the recommendations are meant to ensure that children with disabilities are not discriminated against in the school system. In addition, the author will introduce social scripting as a support system for the peer buddy program. The aim is to enhance the success of the peer buddy program in the schools. To compile the current essay, the author relied on secondary sources of information. The information from these secondary sources is used to support the arguments made by the author. The author finds the topic quite relevant, especially in the future of inclusive education in both public and private schools. For this reason, the author will recommend ways through which the program can be improved. In addition, the author will analyze how social scripting will help in the implementation of the peer buddy program in the future. Recommendations Overview According to Charman (1997, p. 3), the peer buddy program is an approach adopted to educate students with disabilities. The approach allows such children to spend time with those students who are not disabled. The peer buddy program addresses the various impediments to inclusion. In most cases, such impediments are present in secondary s