ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Human life is full of conflicts, which often occur on the grounds of discrepancy between one’s own moral feelings and the obligations imposed on the individual by his or her social environment. In William Faulkner’s short story “Barn Burning”, such conflict unfolds in the heart of the main character, Colonel Sartoris Snopes (or Sarty, for short). Witnessing his father’s unsocial behavior, Sarty initially demonstrates loyalty to his kin and does not reveal the crimes his father has committed. However, with the course of time the boy changes his mind and acts according to his own moral standards. Such shift in attitudes takes place as a result of Sarty’s maturation and developing an ability to make independent choices and take weighted decisions. As seen initially, Sarty is a child who is fully subordinate to the requirements of loyalty to family imposed on him by his setting on the one hand, and by his father’s authority on the other hand. Faulkner’s choice of the archetypal setting of a wagon mowing constantly from one place to another renders the message of the instability and vacillations that Sarty is experiencing in the formation of his morals. In the short ten years of his life, Sarty has experienced dozens of resettlements to new places, all of them being identically “paintless” and deindividualized (Faulkner 421). In an endless procession of days filled with constant working and “the terror and grief” from never achieving the desired peace and comfort, Sarty acquires the feeling of “being pulled two ways like between two teams of horses” (Faulkner 425). On the one hand, he intuitively feels that rebellion against the social norms is not always the right way to achieve normal life. However, on the other hand, his young mind and body are led through the maze of resettlements by his father’s will and authority which he does not dare to oppose, before a certain moment. The authoritative character of Sarty’s father, Abner Snopes, is one of the key formative factors that dictate Sarty’s behavior. Snopes executes his iron will on his family with a stiffness and rigidness that Faulkner constantly emphasizes. The camp fires Snopes makes are always “niggard” and “shrewd”, and the way he speaks to his family is nothing more than in a “harsh, cold voice” (Faulkner 420, 419). Such emotional detachment from his family reflects Snopes’ physical estrangement from society. By opposing himself to the rest of the law-abiding citizens, Snopes becomes an archetypal character in Faulkner’s short story, a man who has withdrawn into a shell of his pride and prejudice and does not want to recognize the generally accepted norms of behavior. The only way Snopes can survive in the world hostile to his uncooperativeness is through ensuring that he is supported by his family. That is why he constantly controls his son’s moral decisions by imposing a belief on Sarty that the
Human beings are always concerned with the problems that affect the quality of life, forcing them to come together with the aim of establishing the best ways of ending uncertainties. In other words, they tend to form strong relationships to realize collective goals, especially security. As Frideres (2011) notes, human beings form special rules that are applied universally, set up institutions and guide behaviour, and champion for the adoption of particular traditions to help in the process of decision-making. Human societies are made up of several categories of people, each with interests, desires, expectations, and wishes, which impedes decision-making process in many ways. As people come together to form strong institutions and rules that help them in fulfilment of individual goals, variations are encountered regarding the best system of administration. The rich will want a system that favours production and free movement of goods whereby private property is protected while the poor tend to suggest a production model that allows each person to access social goods irrespective of the class. A society that intends to achieve developmental goals has to form self-government to oversee the affairs of each person. In Canadian society, the First Nation has never enjoyed its rights and privileges because of insufficient civilization and constant competition from foreigners. Based on this, it has to establish self-government that will play the role of empowering the citizens to catch up with the rest of the world. Self-governance is important because it gives citizens some powers to control the activities that go on in society. The features of a good government include authority, direction, fairness, performance, and responsibility. In the traditional governance systems, leaders were mainly obtained from special families and clans because power was inherited, but the case is different under self-government because people are allowed to compete for political positions. Elections are held periodically and whoever wins is allowed to form a government with various ministries to assist in service delivery. However, powerful administrative units are established by merging traditional and modern power techniques. In Canada, the indigenous communities, popularly referred to as Aboriginals, are unwilling to adopt the modern systems of administration preferring the older systems that give the community over an individual. Even though these systems are known to work well in imparting moral principles and communal rules to the younger generation, they do not have the capacity to spur economic, social, and political development. These communities have never wanted to live with foreigners because they view them as a direct threat to their survival, especial
SJ is a 52-year-old while male who comes to the hospital with the complaints of the whistling sounds in his chest and a growing fatigue. He has recently developed a cough which he ignored for several days (he does not remember how many) but which has worsened over time. He confirms that coughing is accompanied by a large amount of mucus. He also reports the loss of stamina and shortness of breath which hampers his productivity in the workplace. He has been a smoker for 24 years. His respiratory rate is 29 per minute, and his heart rate is 114/min. The blood pressure is 132/86. All of his symptoms, including the physical examination results, are consistent with COPD (Russel, Ford, Barnes, & Russel, 2013). Smoking has been conclusively tied to the development of the disease. In addition to the direct adverse effects of the tobacco smoke on the lungs, multiple effects are observed in other organs, such as the inflammatory agents detected in the bloodstream and the antioxidant imbalance (Fischer, Voynow, & Ghio, 2015). Thus, while other causes may be contributing to the patient’s condition, the COPD is the main diagnosis. COPD has been associated with certain barriers to treatment. First, the patients diagnosed with COPD are commonly hospitalized because of the symptoms which discourage and complicate physical activities. At the same time, physical activity has been shown to result in better outcomes and decrease both mortality and morbidity rates associated with the disease (Thorpe, Kumar, & Johnston, 2014). COPD is also regularly misdiagnosed for several factors, such as misattribution of the fatigue and shortness of breath to aging, the low awareness of the symptoms of the disease, and the underestimation of its consequences (Fromer, 2011). A factor that is often ignored but presents a significant barrier to the successful treatment is the anxiety and depression associated with COPD. As the disease is linked to smoking, many patients get a false impression that it is reversible once they quit, which in itself is a difficult task. As a result, the mounting pressure discourages patient’s involvement and alters the course of treatment (Coelho et al., 2014). Finally, some studies have conclusively tied the COPD severity and the COPD helplessness to lower health literacy (Omachi, Sarkar, Yelin, Blanc, & Katz, 2
Introduction Antidepressants are drugs intended to combat the symptoms of the condition that gives them their name, such as negative moods and anxiety. With that said, they were initially intended as a secondary tool to help with the treatment of particularly severe cases of the condition that would resist treatment or impair day-to-day operation. However, over time, this original purpose was warped, and nowadays, antidepressants are applied in a large selection of situations. This expansion is problematic, given the dependency concerns and adverse side effects with which many antidepressants are associated. Moreover, it can mean that physicians are treating symptoms rather than underlying mental issues, which can significantly worsen the patient’s condition. This research paper asserts that doctors are prescribing antidepressants excessively and inappropriately, leading to the masking and exacerbation of mental issues as well as numerous side effects. Antidepressant Prevalence In recent decades, the usage of antidepressants has been growing steadily, both in the U.S. and outside it. Per Brody and Gu, compared to 2009-2010 figures of 7.1% and 13.8%, in 2017-2018, 8.7% of men and 18.6% of women were using antidepressants. As Fig. 1 shows, the tendency of the individual to use these drugs depends on their gender, with women twice as likely to do it as men, as well as age, increases along with the age category. The consumption of antidepressants in women also grew faster than in men, suggesting that if the problem is not addressed, it may be exacerbated further in the future. With an overall uptrend and a total figure of 13.2% of the population, the usage rate of antidepressants is concerning. The information is put into perspective if one considers the prevalence of major depression, for which the drugs are intended, in the same group. Fig. 1. Antidepressant usage in U.S. adults throughout 2015-2018, separated by age and sex (Brody and Gu). Major depression has been on the uptrend along with antidepressant usage, whether due to
Introduction Inadequate analytical dimensions of supply chain such as business responsibility, customer service quality and cost may compromise the functionality of a supply chain in the company. From a theoretical perspective, the value creation model cannot align cost effectiveness when the logistics of operation are inadequate. For instance, lack of strong control systems and poor benchmarking approach at present has compromised the organizational strategy of cost reduction, customer satisfaction, and reduction of risks. Basically, a supply chain management strategy identifies the need for commodities, appropriate suppliers, quantity and quality of the commodities. It also evaluates effectiveness of supply practices already in place. The expansion of capacity and mechanization of production demands that the supply system matches production efficiency while assuring quality of the supplied goods. The supply chain determines the success of a company’s management strategy and ease of business sustainability. A well outsourced supply chain is a prerequisite for confidence and trusts without and without a company’s market catchment. Accessibility and transition in the supply chain plan will ensure efficiency and proactive response analysis to further improve on the demands of prospective clients. Therefore, the company should introduce a hybrid supply chain management system to improve on efficiency, reliability, and scope of the business operations. The suggestions are discussed below. Strategic outsourcing of the supply chain management system There are several alternative suggestions which the company may adopt to improve on its supply chain management, in terms of efficiency and cost management. Among the alternatives may include the following strategies. Logistics outsourcing Logistics outsourcing relieves a company of fixed costs irrespective of seasonal trends and market demand. Through a competitive process, the outsourced unit will develop a balanced control system for a sustainable level of efficiency, costing, dependability, speed, quality, and flexibility through value delivery, value addition, and creativity. In relation to this company, the outsource logistics team will have the responsibility to rationalize the scientific aspects of the supply chain such as the use of statistical tools, their application, and evaluation criteria in monitoring and managing the logistics. When the outsourced logistics regulator is properly balanced, efficiency in the supply chain management is achievable within the first four months of implementation. Benchmarking of the mapping, executing and managing processes Benchmarking of the channels for planning and execution of production and distribution goals has the effect of reducing costs of supply chain management since the company will be in a position to monitor all the control systems and their logistics. Thus, the major part of the success puzzle for supply chain control system should be operated on the periphery of soft skills involving the timeless vision of organizational principles, defining value of the business and det
Over a few decades, the independent national economies and markets have gradually transformed into a united global economy where the national boundaries do not restrict the enterprises from the engagement in cross-border commercial activities and partnerships. Instead of focusing on the domestic markets alone, many organisations prefer to expand their business in other countries in order to increase product demand, customer attraction, and profitability. Entry to a new market may give company opportunities to strengthen its competitive advantages, yet the process of internationalisation entails many financial and non-financial risks. Therefore, it is important to design an effective strategy that would stimulate the implementation of internal and external capabilities for the efficient development of positive internationalisation experience. The global market has no boundaries and, it is much more difficult to sustain competitiveness in the non-restricted economies (Greenwald & Kahn 2005). While entering new markets companies pursue various benefits such as access to new customer groups, increase in exploitation of organisational core competencies, decrease and spread of financial risks, and achievement of cost-efficiency. However, it is
Introduction Walcott’s poetry harnesses the metaphorical play of resemblance in all his works to amplify the trans-racial relationship that existed between the black and white cultures in pre-colonial periods. The dramatic monologue offered the poem published in Omeros and Dream of Monkey Mountain offers paradoxically and objectifies the ideal embodiment of metaphoric conjuncture. Following the description of physiognomy in Walcott’s characters, the poet reinforces the symbolic connection of racial and cultural consideration as Western colonial figures. Walcott struggles with race and discrimination and continues to search for his identity through the character of Achille. The thematic suggestion of conflict depicted in Achille’s relationship with Helen broaden’s the conflicts that stems from cultural contextualization of post-colonial period. Once again, Walcott uses the cultural predicaments to resolve his question about the correct expression of hybrid identity and uses Achille character to contemplate his African and British inheritances. In historical perspective, the poet literature celebrates the Caribbean culture and the same time tries to resolves the question of Western colonial figure by finding a common ground between the Africa and the British cultures which are not united in his identity. Walcott influential negritude in Omeros represent slaves inherent histories of excruciating pain, cruelty and abuse and his regional designation are reductive since he considers the assumption that Omero simply transports the classical Philoctetes among other types of Homeric types of the Caribbean in exemplifying the direction and polyvalence of his poetic discourse. Neither of the paragrims offers the definitive solution to the implicit question of Walcott’s hybridity. It may be equally plausible to argue that the author complicates the relationships of the slavery descendants by oscillating between North and South, West and East, Europe, and the Caribbean. Ramazan argues that before we dwell on Walcott’s metonymic family we must first ask ourselves, “where does Philoctetes come from? (61).To answer this question, Ramazan describes Philoctetes as “they come from a rusty anchor, and the allegory, from slavery” (61). In historical perspective, The P in Philoctetes is depicted to mean the origins of multiples. That brings us to the second question of whether the word comes from the wounded black body of the Afro-Carribean negritude, the Euromodernist, Caribean Caliban or the Greek Philoctetes. The poet regional designations are reductive in the sense that they do not distinctively define the regions and exhibits the structural doubleness tht confuses the reader. A cultural analysis places the Caribbean Caliba to be coming from the West and the negritude developed from the inter-mixture of the dialectical reversal of Western colonialist stereotypes. Here, Walcott thickens the cultural hybridity by mixing the Caribbean and the European paradigrim. In his poet efforts, Walcott’s does nothing to purifying the dialect of the tr
Introduction Women have long fought for their rights and freedoms in the society. Since the day when they have obtained suffrage, another fight, the one for their role in the society has started. In all the times, the society has used media to reflect its attitude towards such issues as these. Among all the media, television influences the gender role values in the society most of all this is why it is most often used for stereotyped and discriminative representations of women. TV commercials often serve as a strong indicator of gender roles in the society this is why a number of gender studies use namely TV commercials to explore gender issues. One of the gender studies carried out by Dominick and Rauch in 1972 revealed that around 70% of television commercials presented stereotyped image of women and their limited life options. The intent of this paper is to analyze current television commercials and compare the results with those reported by Dominick and Rauch to find out whether any changes in the portrayal of women in television have taken place since the 1970s. Considering how fast society is evolving, I predict that the role of the women in television commercial has progressed, and that therefore there will be more voiceovers of women and fewer ads showing women in subservient positions. Method The material for the analysis will be provided by a popular network (www.visit4info.com) that gives access to a number of current television commercials. 20 of such commercials will be randomly selected and analyzed. The data will then be presented in Commercial Coding Sheets (Appendix A, Appendix B) and summarized in the Summary Data Sheet (Appendix C). Procedure Two experimenters of opposite genders are going to be involved into the research. Each of them will watch, code, and analyze the TV commercials separately; at the end of the procedure, their results will be compared in order to ensure the inter-observer reliability of the chosen research method. The researchers will start with agreeing on the TV commercials that will be analyzed. In the course of watching the commercials, each of them will be coded according to 8 categories: product (body, home, food, auto, sports, other), central figure (male or female),
Introduction Pediatric nurses play an important role throughout the entire cycle of child development, from a toddler to a young adult. However, the children and their needs change with time, as they grow older, more self-aware, and more independent. They develop their own interests and hobbies, become integrated into society, form new friendships, and expose themselves to all sorts of influences from their peers, parents, and teachers. Every school has a nurse to address the various healthcare and psychological needs of schoolchildren and adolescents. As typical physical needs of an adolescent become closer to that of an adult, the psychological aspects of pediatric care become more prominent, as the physical growth is now accompanied by growing needs for companionship, acceptance, individuality, independence, protection, and praise. The purpose of this paper is to explore the aspects of pediatric nursing practices for adolescents. The Role of a Pediatric Nurse and Complementary Alternative Medicine in Adolescents The role of a pediatric nurse is to promote physical and emotional health in schoolchildren and adolescents. This could be done in different ways. Physical health could be ensured via the promotion of healthy ways of living, adequate dietary choices, proper and timely vaccination, as well as dealing with various diseases and injuries that may occur in a child. To promote psychological health, the nurse should emphasize preventive action by educating the child and its parents about potential dangers, such as negative peer influence that often leads to early smoking and alcoholism, depression, dealing with stress, and confrontations with other children. Study-related stress is an important factor for children, especially those whose parents have high expectations for them. While there are many pharmacological remedies to reduce anxiety and stress, parents often mistrust the use of drugs, associating them with serious mental conditions. Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) sees plenty of use in school settings and psychological wards. One novel example of CAM uses musical therapy as a way of reducing stress (Italia, Wolfenstetter, & Teuner, 2014). It can be implemented in classrooms and other learning facilities, and help reduce stress among the students by playing tunes that feature alpha-waves, delta-waves, and theta-waves to encourage a natural state of concentration and meditation, which is stated to reduce stress and improve the quality of learning (Bunt & Stige, 2014). Adolescents and Depression Depression is a common psychological disorder to occurs in teenagers and adolescents. Depression can occur for a great variety of reasons, ranging from hormonal rearrangements during the puberty stage, to receiving conflicting information and being torn between the conditions imposed on them by society, family, and school (Reynolds & Johnston, 2013). The desire to excel, to have friends, the fear of rejection and personal conflicts are among some of the many factors that can cause depression, especially if the results do not match the expectations. Common symptoms of depression in adolescents