ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Despite social reporting resulting in a decline in market efficiency, there are several reasons which justify the concept of social reporting. These reasons are associated with the various dimensions of social reporting which include the social dimension, environmental dimension, and the economic dimension. The social dimension is concerned with the impact of an organization on the social systems while the environmental dimension is concerned with the effect of the natural system for example the water system, air, and land (Balachandran & Alan, 2009, p. 168). On the other hand, the economic dimension of social reporting deals with the impact of the organization on the economic systems and economic circumstances of the various stakeholders. Social reporting contributes to an organization disclosing its social operations to the various stakeholders such as employees, the society, and shareholders. Blowfield and Murray (2003, p. 193) think that social reporting is the 1 st insight about an organization’s disclosure. Additionally, Blowfield and Murray (2003, p.193) further assert that social reporting is a very effective way through which an organization can explain its operationalization about social responsibility. Over the past few decades, social reporting has increasingly been utilized by the organization as a proxy for determining an organization’s social performance (Blowfield & Murray, 2003, p.193). According to Balachandran and Alan (2009, p.168), social reporting enables an organization to determine its social performance. This is attained by undertaking an analysis of the firm’s impact on the various stakeholders at the various levels which include local, national, and global levels. Additionally, several social indicators affect a firm’s intangible assets such as its reputation and its human capital (Balachandran & Alan, 2009, p. 194). Despite the decline in market efficiencies as a result of social reporting, it enables an organization to minimize costs that might arise from complaints by the stakeholders and other actions that might negatively affect the firm’s operation. Davis (2003, p. 4) asserts that the core reason for social reporting is to enhance an organization’s social performance. Through social reporting, an organization ensures that its operations contribute towards attaining sustainability. However, to achieve this, a firm’s management team must integrate three main pillars. These include disclosure, dialogue, and development. According to Davis (2003, p. 205), social reporting enables an organization to assess how effective it is in adhering to the values which it has committed itself to attain. Additionally, social reporting depicts the nature of the relationship that an organization has developed with its stakeholders. Therefore, it gives a clue on the probability of an organization attaining long term survival and development. Social reporting is also justified in that it contributes towards the creation of information amongst the stakeholders regarding the operation of an organization. Through social reporting, an organization can provide stakehold
Thomas Stearns Eliot’s poem The Hollow Men has a lot of different interpretations. It can be connected with the author’s poem The Wasteland , however, it is better to consider The Hollow Men as the separate piece of writing which should be analyzed independently. Moreover, it seems at the first sight that the main idea of the poem is the loss of trust in a human being, the feeling of his/her empty soul and the absence of the sense of life. However, this opinion is wrong and does not deserve attention. The close reading of the poem makes it possible to state that the main idea of the reading is neither the obsession with the fall of the world nor the degradation of the human personality, the focus of the poem is the cry of despair, the attempt to make people pay attention to those who bravely goes to the end. Before getting down to the close discussion of the poem itself, it is important to pay attention to the epigraphs. There are two of them and it seems that each one carries some specific idea, particular meaning. The first epigraph “Mistah Kurtz –he dead” (Eliot 1086) is a phrase from the Conrad’s Heart of Darkness . This phrase was used by a slave to announce the death of the master who appeared to be a simple man as he died and this shows the loss of some hopes as people considered him as the God. The second epigraph “A penny for the Old Guy” refers the reader to the Guy Fawkes Day. It is possible to refer this quote to the time when people had goals and the modern representatives who have empty dreams and believe in nothing. Reading this poem, one may feel a kind of mystery. At the same time, the author tells about the pain and sorrow for the whole humanity. The author as if tried to draw the terrible pictures of the future, as if wanted to tell the story of the fearful and devastating events which wait for
Qualitative studies are associated with a significant degree of the researcher’s involvement, which, in its turn, increases a risk of bias. However, in some cases, the qualitative approach is the most appropriate strategy. For instance, when people’s behaviours, attitudes, and decisions are in the researcher’s lens, the meaning is vital. Some of the most common qualitative data collection methods are interviews, observations, focus group discussions and action research (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill 2009). To identify some factors affecting decision-makers as seen by them when choosing optimisation tactics, one of these data collection methods is the most effective. As for action research, it presupposes considerable interaction between the researcher and participants who do not simply share their ideas on particular topics but collaborate with the researcher trying to solve some problems (Marshall & Rossman 2014). The goal of this research is to explore the way decision-makers choose optimisation tactics, which makes any collaboration with the researcher unnecessary and even harmful. Observation is quite similar to the method mentioned above as the researcher is not involved in the process (Cresswell 2014). This method is time-consuming, and it does not address the goal of this study that aims at exploring the participants’ attitudes and experiences. Observation will not allow the researcher to elicit meanings the participants develop when making this or that decision. Focus group discussions enable the researcher to explore participants’ ideas, concerns, fears, attitudes and so. This is an effective method that allows the researcher to collect data during quite a limited time as usually only a few sessions are necessary and quite a significant number of participants can take part in the study (Guest, Namey & Mitchell 2012). One of the limitations of this method is that some participants can be pas
Introduction Policy analysis is an essential element of making public policy. A policy constitutes a number of aims and various specified activities that aid in resolution of public problems once they are implemented (Lyhne 2011, p.321). Alternatively, a policy can be defined as any action that a government considers as right or wrong for its people (Ridde 2009, p.939). In the process of making public policy, the contribution of policy analysis is critical in case a government makes various decisions in the effort to resolve certain problems that attract social attention without success in the realisation of the specified objectives. Policy analysis entails determination of the best policy among a range of possible alternatives that would lead to achieving pre-set goals and objectives in the most subtle manner (Dye 2007, p.21). Policy analysis is divided between descriptive and analytical, and prescriptive analysis (Fischer, Miller & Sidney 2006, p.122). The analytical and descriptive approach attempts to provide an explanation of policies coupled with their developments. The prescriptive approach seeks to formulate policies coupled with policy proposal for instance to improve conditions of social welfare and or social problems (Dunn 2003, p.12). Although policy analysis is also conducted in the private sector, it is mostly the province of the public sector. The public sector happens also to suffer from the most external influences and jeopardy of the process of policy making from the subjective action of the mighty and or wealthy key personalities within the government and other interest groups such as media and human right activists. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the notions of ‘might’ and the ‘rights’ participates in the process of analysis of the public policy and how they impact the analysis process by considering a case study for implementation and analysis of public policy in the European context. The paper equates might to people with economic power and people who are economically well endowed. On the other hand, right is equated to people with intellectual and technical knowledge in analysis of public policy. Failure to mitigate negative interference to analysis of public policy by various jeopardising forces can lead to implementation of the wrong policies, which in turn could lead to the wastage of public finances. This paper is composed of two main sections. In the first section, description of the use of case studies in research in general is presented first followed by description of the circumstances leading to the development of the policy used as the case study in this research paper. Effort is then made to discuss issues associated with utilisation of case studies in research with a particular focus on the explanatory case study, which is used in this research
The ideal career that I am planning to pursue is associated with Health care administration or Executive assistance. The job entails consistent work for ensuring that a clinic, a doctor’s office, or a hospital functions as smoothly as possible (Malvik, 2020). It is interesting because a professional in this area is not only tasked with everyday assignments but is also expected to provide varied support to several departments and managers. In addition, the position offers a variety of opportunities for leadership and team development, which are imperative for facilitating the effectiveness of healthcare institutions in meeting patient needs. To get the job, it is expected that an applicant has a Bachelor’s degree alongside previous experience in administrative support duties. Besides, applicants should be comfortable performing administrative and analytical functions while also working closely with senior-level leadership, which are directly associated with the course. When it comes to the key experience to be included in the resume, cover letter, or subsequent interviews, several points should be mentioned. For example, as an applicant, I can research, prioritize, and follow up on incoming issues and concerns and determine the right course of action, response, and referral. I am also capable of prioritizing conflicting needs and handling matters proactively and expeditiously while also managing a busy calendar of appointments. In terms of the contributions of the course to the development of the professional experience for the position, such areas as decision-making and problem-solving were especially relevant. Time management and team collaboration have also been essential competencies that the course has allowed me to develop, facilitating good analytical and excellent communication skills, as well as strong organizational and interpersonal skills. Reference Malvik, C. (2020). What Does a medical administrative assistant do? A closer look behind the desk. Web.
Adaptation Through Evolution All forms of life evolve to adapt, stay efficient, and survive for as long as possible. Otherwise, they go extinct, as they cannot keep up with the harsh competition in the form of natural selection. For example, predators evolve to stay successful hunters and catch enough prey to feed themselves. Polar bears have adapted to their living environment and received white fur through evolution. That white camouflage helps polar bears hide better in the snow and sneak up on their prey unnoticed. Without it, other animals would have been able to spot polar bears from a distance, and they would have likely starved and died out. Cellular Organization Just like the buildings consist of building blocks, all living organisms consist of cells. Cell structure shapes disorganized molecules into more complex forms. Cells form tissues, which compose organs, and a system of organs forms an organism, a living thing with multiple systems of organs. Some living things, such as bacteria and algae, are simpler as they consist only of a single cell. Nevertheless, cellular structure is a feature of all living things: from unicellular bacteria and algae to multicellular plants and animals. The organisms might be very different, but their cells will be difficult to tell apart under the microscope. Growth and Development All living things begin their lives small in size to conserve vital resources. Later, living things age, mature, develop, become bigger and reproduce themselves. Eventually, this cycle comes to an end as organisms die and return to earth as they become resources for the new living things. Humans and their stages of life serve as a perfect example of growth and development (Characteristics of life — 8 examples, n.d.). However, that cycle of growth and development is natural to all living organisms. Even the tallest trees on Earth once were nothing but tiny seeds. Heredity All characteristics of the parent organisms are transferred to their offspring through Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). These acids are the true building blocks of life because they preserve basic genetic information. This notion is true for all living things, from bacteria to humans. For example, genetic material contains such human features as skin color, eye color, and hair type. (Characteristics of life — 8 examples, n.d.). Unfortunately, all possible mutations, genetic diseases, and harmful traits are also transferred through the genetic material. Whether heredity reproduces good or bad traits, it is inherent to all living things. DNA is present in every cell of every organism on Earth and defines its traits and features. Homeostasis Every living organism must maintain homeostasis —a stable environment inside of it.
Inside the White Cube by Brian O’Doherty is an art book that was published in 1976. It employs the ideology of the gallery space. It examines critically the effects of the post war crisis on art and museum gallery. The author explores the main reasons of designing modern gallery space using neutral patterns, for example, a white cube, which is eventually a part of artwork that adds exhibition a special attractiveness (O’Doherty 9). The writer reveals that the main focus of the gallery space is centered to not just on a white cube because the whole exhibition and its design is also a historical special construction, which aim is to destroy art (O’Doherty 11). He says, No wonder art gets bollixed up in this process; its history, perceived through time, is confounded by the picture in front of your eyes, a witness ready to change testimony at the slightest perceptual provocation. History and the eye have a profound wrangle at the center of this “constant” we call tradition (O’Doherty 23). He goes ahead to discuss the setting of post-modern art by “stripping every layer of artifice away to end up with the white cube” (O’Doherty 33). O’Doherty illustrates what a modernist gallery does to artworks. He suggests that the outside world must not intervene. To him, the walls should be painted in white whereas the ceiling becomes the source of light. This essentially means that the white cube is designed in such a way that it neutralizes social space and time to free itself contextually. O’Doherty elaborates the importance of the walls and how they can be used in art. The author shows that space offers a platform for things to take place. Usually, a gallery links pictures ultimately defining the space. The result is a well thought piece of artwork that should appeal to anyone who stands inside a gallery. The writer goes on to illustrate that the context can only be eliminated if a space is constructed to exclude the outside world (O’Doherty 52) He describes the modern gallery space to be constructed according to some rigorous laws as those for building medieval church. This is an illustration that the artwork just like religious constructions must adhere to time. The author also explores the foundation concerning designing of exhibitions where he tries to establish how displays of chambers are accomplished. He makes a discovery of similarities through the history of religion (O’Doherty 23). This is depicted categorically where he stat
The research study topic is reducing childhood pedestrian injuries. The data collected included how the children in the sample acquired the injuries (whether the injuries were acquired along driveways, while driving, or in non- traffic places. It is imperative that different types of data are gathered for comparison purposes (Stokols, 1996). In this connection, data was also gathered from Police Department offices in Oakland. Data Gathering Instruments In health promotion research, qualitative and quantitative methods are used as the data gathering instruments. In the study, quantitative methods were used to gather data. Case comparisons and observations were the quantitative instruments used. Each case patient was compared using two controls with matching age and gender. This strategy was aimed at ensuring that the public health interventions under implementation, for each case patient, was effective and fulfilled the intended functions (Stokols, 1992). To ensure validity, it is imperative to use various data collection instruments, and compare the data gathered. Hence, the researcher reviewed data sheets and charts during emergent medical services so as to classify the sample. The researcher also sought data from Oakland Police Department offices. How the Instrument Influences Data Outcome Defining data collection is crucial in assessing how the data collection instrument influences data outcome. Data collection refers to the process of obtaining or gathering information in regard to an activity or phenomenon. After collection, data may be stored in data- bases or records, analysed, and utilized for monitoring or evaluation of health promotion programs and interventions. The value of data has a direct link with the instrument used for data collection, which impacts directly on health promotion interventions (Glasgow, Lichtenstein & Marcus, 2003). Consequently, the worthiness data influences data analysis’ quality. This ultimately influences the effectiveness and quality of the decisions made. Therefore, it is vital that the data collection instruments are valid and relevant so as to ensure validity in the health promotion research study. Greatest Threats to the Study’s Validity One of the greatest challenges to validity in the study was the limited ability to come up with clear inferences in regard to the effects of the program. This is mostly because of flawed research analyses and designs. It is, therefore, extremely essential that health promotion researchers are extremely keen to ensure validity (Stokols, 1992). Most of the times, conclusions are drawn on program’s effectiveness, and at the same time; little consideration is given to the alternative elaborations for findings. Health promotion researchers, who are considering conducting true experiments, should consider the presence of all plausible validity threats (Stokols, 1996). Consequently, they should rule out or control them before drawing valid causal inferences. Another threat to validity is the failure to conduct research ethically. For instance, if the research compromises people’s rights or does not allow the control group the opportunity to
Introduction Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty has been started in 2004. The primary purpose of the campaign is to promote real images of women in contrast to thin and unrealistic images of models. This campaign shows that advertising is a strong communication medium that has a great impact on the attitudes and tastes, values, and choices of consumers. The campaign is based on visual communication and emotional appeal which influence perception of the message and forces information retrieval. The campaign was launched in England, the USA, and Canada as a response to declining sales caused by a saturated market and increased competition. The purpose of the campaign The practical purpose of the campaign is to increase sales and brand awareness. Dove is one of the top players in the body care market. However, Dove has many competitors, and thus it needs to come up with an efficient marketing tool to win a considerable share of the market (Brodbeck and Evans 2007). Even though some people might say that the images on the website are not proper, everybody will remember the company after its Campaign for Real Beauty. Besides, its target audience consists of women, and they will get attracted to the products which are claimed to make them into princesses. Every girl and woman wants to feel hot and beautiful. The advertising strategy was chosen very carefully because the product was not new and Dove has needed a new approach to impress consumers. The campaign aims to change fashion and create a culture of meaning-affecting behavior of women and their tastes. It creates certain standards which affect priorities and buying patterns of women-consumers (Brodbeck and Evans, 2007). Many teenage girls identify themselves with their peers and ideals created by the media. In contrast, adolescent women identity and compare their self-image with successful business ladies and ideal body images of models. Fashion media has affected all spheres of our life creating special trends and markers which are accepted by the majority of society. Although, fashion became more and more risqué demanding new ways of expression and new extremes to appeal to potential consumers. Dove tries to change these traditional images and roles of women depicting the diversity of body images and ‘curves’ (Followin