ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Investing in service and delivery industry involves taking care of business activities characterized by numerous problems requiring solutions. Such kind of business is tied primarily to customer objectives based on efficiency and time-delivery. Every segment within the supply chain is normally required to contribute towards the company’s profits. Shareholders are number-one beneficiaries of efficient supply chain within any organization. The study addresses various means used by companies to fulfil their objectives to customers within the supply chain. Such activities require appropriate use of information and communication technologies. Customer care, logistics involved in the process of delivering both goods and services are also considered part of the process (Wieland and Carl). Supply chain management refers to the management of company’s processes from manufacturing, transportation through to delivery of products and services to customers. All the objective movements involved including storage, planning and control of various activities are used in explaining supply and demand of various goods and services. Supply chain forms the core of the company’s operational activities hence should be monitored by experts to ensure efficiency. Service delivery enterprises are normally anchored on key assumption that management, information and communication technology are important aspects and ingredients which are very crucial for success to be realized. However, all employees are required to embrace the use of information technology since it forms crucial part a qualified member within any supply chain. This ensures efficient monitoring and delivery of intended goods and services to consumers. Service deliveries ensure that all members of the society are reached with the intended product or services at the right time.Such companies usually operate on a designed conceptual modeltaking into account economic, social and political forces that determine resource allocation and management within companies from every region. The leadership structure is another important aspect of the supply chain (Mentzer et al). Profile of the Company Aramex Inc. is a United Arab Emirates-based public company established in 1982 and deals with provision ofconsumers’ related solutions based on freight, express logistics and supply chain management of businesses. The company has been under private ownership since 2002 and operates comprehensive problems on transportation and logistics. Aramex Inc. presents one of the most prominentcompanieswithin Middle-East since its listing in international stock exchange in mid 1990s. The company appeared on the public listings of Dubai Financial Market in 2005 under ARMX trade shares. Currently, Ar
Introduction 230m years ago, all the continents were merged into one gigantic and enormous uniform supercontinent called Pangaea. (Johnson, 2006) The gravitational and conventional forces beneath the surface of the Earth forced the crustal layer of the Earth to divide and drift apart forming the presently existing continents. As they drifted away from each other, oceans filled the gaps between them. These plates are still in motion to date. (Plumer, 1950) The Pangaea first split into Laurasia to the North and Gondwanaland to the South, these two further separated into the various continents the earth presently has. The Earth’s crust was portioned according to their specific customized plates; the heavier, denser plates formed the ocean and sea beds, while the lighter and less dense plates, formed the continental crusts. (Johnson, 2006) Formation of Texas: plate tectonic theory Texas lies in the North American Continental Crust. This plate is presently moving evenly west towards the Pacific Plate – this movement is very slow and unnoticeable. Since the Precambrian period, immense crustal forces have acted on the original plate forming the topography of the present day Texas. Its landscape has been in constant change due to the forces acting from within the crust. Such changes as the uplifting of the mountain ranges and hills, the down streaming of sediments by river courses, the erosion and denudation of extrusive land forms have a direct influence on shaping the topography of the region. All these forces are symptoms of the massive geological processes within the parent plate in the region. Towards the North-Western sections of Texas, relatively older rocks lie as compared to the other sections. These rocks are believed to have been formed during the movements of the Sierra Grande-Chaves. These aged rocks are of granitic, volcanic and volcano-sedimentary origins. They were formed nearly 1.5 billion years ago. 200 million years later, metamorphism and igneous activity covering an area stretching from Llano Uplift to Trans Pecos, was witnessed in the Texas region, this area is endowed with humongous deposits of petroleum and other precious minerals like Copper. This has been attributed to the relatively higher temperature and pressure experienced in the area. The pressure is as a result of the compression and tensional forces in the folded regions. Rocks aged over 500 million years formed during the Cambrian period are predominant in both the Western and Central parts of the state. These heavily weathered rocks are in abundance of intrusive igneous, volcanic and metamorphic categories of rocks. Rocks of Texas Igneous rocks and metamorphic The igneous rocks of Texas are majorly intrusive. They are formed when magma cools and solidifies either within, or on the surface of the earth. When magma cools within the crust of the Earth, it solidifies to form intrusive igneous rocks. However, when it flows onto the surface of the Earth, cools and solidifies, the rock formed as result of such an activi
Several works has been done with regard to the Native Americans concerning their origin, sufferings, war, society, language and culture. This paper attempts to explore awareness of, concern for, and identity for the coming generation. Besides aspects of significant identity with local geographical region of the Native Americans is applauded. Finally, the paper looks at the Native American Graves Repatriation and Protection Act (NAGRPA). From the first film, the main theme revolves around Traditional Native American‘s awareness of, concern for, and identity with ancestors and the future generations. From the story line, we see a profound concern for their identity as painted in the character of Maria Solares (1842-1919) was notably chose to learn the stories, songs, history, and language of her people. Furthermore, 100,000 pages were recorded from her. In addition, we see that the Chumash Elders and young Apprentices pays tribute to the composer and recorder of the notes as symbolic of a traditional tool for passing on language and culture to the generations to come. After a proactive analysis of the film, it is evident that the Traditional Native Americans are aware of, concerned for, and have an identity with their ancestors. Moreover, they are able to pass on this identity to the next generation as they preserve notes that depict their identity. From the second film, the most important theme depicts indigenous people as having significant identification with place and local geographic region. From the story line in the film, it is clear that Ishi (was the last wild Indian in North America) went through intense suffering during the bloody massacres of 1860s and 1870s. He lived in hiding with the few survivors. After Ishi left jail, we observe Ishi living his last four years as an informant and teacher at the Museum of Anthropology in San Francisco. Despite the oppression and suffering Ishi went through and even after living in hiding and even his tribe was considered extinct, he goes back to his native home. This shows that whatever the indigenous people go through, they would still want to be identified with their geographical region and start their life again at home. NAGRPA was passed in November 23, 1990 to protect against grave desecration, to repatriate thousand of dead relatives or ancestors, and to retrieve stolen or improperly acquired religious and cultural property from native owners (Mihesuah 123). After the bloody wars and massacre, human remains of the Native were obtained by soldiers, government agents, pothunters, private citizens, museum collecting crews, and scientists in the name of profit, entertainment, science, and development (Mihesuah 125). The traditional movement, which is supported by the Americas Bills of Right, states that there should be protection of the sanctity of the dead and the sensibilities of the living. On the contrary, scientists argue that Native human remains have scientific and educational value and therefore should be preserved
With masterful planning, the design and the production of the Titanic is a marvel that moved the film industry to higher levels. The film director and producer, James Cameron, and other crewmembers succeeded in bringing to the world’s attention the events that surrounded the greatest maritime disaster that claimed about 1,500 lives. By paying meticulous attention to detail, the production designer of the film, Peter Lamont, succeeded in creating the ‘world’ of the film. He did this with the intention of avoiding the restrictions that comes with film production in the actual environment. More over, this enabled him to tackle the possible variables in the production process (Barnwell, 2004). In order to design the ship’s interior such that it looked like the original one, the crewmembers used artifacts from that era. Nonetheless, the design crew was forced to make everything from scratch since everything had to be new. Consequently, forty acres of waterfront in Rosarito Beach in Mexico was obtained for constructing seventeen-million-gallon tank for the outer surfaces of the reconstructed massive vessel (Champkin, 2010). The super-tank was beneficial for filming since it provided two hundred and seventy degrees of ocean view. In spite of the ship being constructed to full scale, the production designer took out unnecessary sections of the vessel. He then moved forward the well deck to ensure that the vessel was able to fit in the tank. The other parts that were not catered for were then filled with digital models. The length of the ship’s lifeboats and funnels were reduced considerably, excluding the boat deck and the A-deck, the other sections of the superstructure were steel plated, and a fifty-foot lifting platform was included such that the ship could sink as planned. Referring to the design of the original structure, the production design crew reproduced the exact representation of its interior. Other sections of the ship, such as the liner’s first class, were built out of real wood using photographs and plans of the original ship. During the ship’s sinking, the designs true to the originals were also actually destroyed. The custom building of the ship was meant to validate the historical deta
Over the last century in California alone, more than 17 school shootings have been recorded between 1990 and 2018 (Lott, 2013). Although the incidences of shooting are isolated and rare, it is almost impossible to predict or prevent them from happening. Arguments supporting and against the armament of teachers in the US are examined from the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist perspectives. Arguments for and Against Arming Teachers Proponents of arming teachers argue that allowing staff to defend themselves would lead to protecting students. The rationale for this argument is that only an armed defender can stop an equally armed attacker (Lott, 2013). Therefore, from a functionalist perspective, teachers should be engaged in arms training and allowed to come with their concealed firearms in school. This is a precautionary measure against a potential attack. Since the American society is interconnected, arming teachers may harmonize the security needs for the benefit of the students by maintaining a social equilibrium (Proulx, 2018). In this case, teachers will have full control of the school shootings by responding in equal measure. From a conflict perspective, proponents of arming teachers argue that it is a bad idea to stop teachers from carrying concealed guns to school. This argument is supported by the fact that the law does not prevent other executives, politicians, lawyers, and other professions from defending their lives (Lott, 2013). Disallowing teachers to carry guns to school has resulted in a conflict of interests since educators feel that the lives of all people within the educational environment are equally important. Therefore, allowing trained teachers to carry concealed weapons inside a school is an effective short-term remedy to unpredictable shooting situations. The interactionist viewpoint presents an argument to justify legislation in place as making schools safe. This perspective confers that armed response to school shootings would improve safety and send a strong message to potential perpetrators of a quick counter-response (Proulx, 2018). Therefore, deaths from shooting incidences might be reduced by a significant number. The interactionists believe that an armed teacher is in a better position to survey a situation and quickly respond due to mastery of the school environment. Opponents of arming teachers have argued that this action would be a distraction since the primary role of teachers is to teach. The role of protecting students in schools is not a function of the teaching staff, but the government security institutions (Lott, 2013). For instance, from the conflict perspective, arming teachers might open a door for constant conflict in role execution for the educators. Moreover, it might not be easy to track weaponry usage in th
Language issues seem to have been the stumbling block for people’s communication for centuries. In his article “Cross-Linguistic Awareness: A New Role for Contrastive Analysis,” Carl James discusses the question concerning the contrastive analysis and its application for the comparative studies of two or more languages. Considering the following quote from Fries’ paper: “The most efficient materials are those that are based upon a scientific description of the language to be learned, carefully compared with a parallel description of the native language of the learner,” James makes it clear that, questioning the reasonability of a cross-linguistic analysis, the researchers are most likely to encounter considerable difficulties in reaching to the representatives of other cultures, hence, causing the entire learning process to shrivel. While the author gives credit to both the arguments of Lado and Fries (Odlin, 1989), it is obvious that James is inclined to believe that Lado’s idea of a cross-linguistic analysis as the basis of successful communication is not reasonable enough, while Slobin’s arguments for the analysis actually make a lot of sense: “Slobin seems to be suggesting that Behaviourism has not been totally banished from language learning contexts after all” (James, n. d., 2). Therefore, the seed of doubt is planted into the minds of the adepts of abandoning the CA. It is also essential that James touches upon the related issues, such as culture learning, to prove the point. With the help of real-life case studies, James makes his argument all the more impressive, demonstrating the instances of cultural misunderstanding on an everyday level: T1: Qu’est-ce que c’est, saucisson? P: Sausages. T2: Sausage, yes, what sort? What sort of sausage? Wall’s? P: (Silence) T3: Sort of salami type of sausage, that sort of sausage. (James, n. d., 3-4) Touching upon the Audiolinguialist vetoes, James adds another interesting point to his chain of arguments to consider, such as the existence of other forms of English (e.g., the Irish dialect) the experience of which can also be considered from the cross-cultural point of view. However, with the cross-cultural analysis no longer in existence, the experience would be impossible. In addition, James touches upon neo-Whorfianism, which presupposes that languages shape the thinking process greatly. On the one hand, in the preset fast-changing world and the globalization process, the issues of cultural differences seem to have become slightly more insignificant (Suarez-Orozco & Qin-Hilliard, 2004). Since conveying a message is the primary goal of any communication, there is no need in any cultural background, only the language skills. From the given standpoint, Fries’ ideas have the point. However, because of the differences between languages and the unexpected instances of misunderstandings caused by the existence of homonyms, homophones, or homographs in certain languages, t
Scenario of a crime that fails under the federal jurisdiction A crime such as murder-for-hire appears to most people as falling under the state jurisdiction. However, in two recent cases where the parties involved came from the same state and further committing the crime in the same state qualifies the crime as belonging to the federal courts jurisdiction. According to the statute, a federal crime involves the “…use of interstate commerce facilities in the commission of murder-for-hire” (Hilden, 2003, Para.2). The inclusion of the words “interstate commerce” changes the jurisdiction of this crime completely from the state courts jurisdiction to the federal courts jurisdiction. In such a crime, ‘interstate commerce’ might imply the use of simple means like mail or telephone in the perpetration or carrying out of the crime. Cases whereby the murder-for-hire crime involves kidnapping of a person in another state or a conspiracy that spans around a number of states too attracts the attentions of feds. In the recent scenarios involving the hearing of a case concerning murder-for-hire, there arose questions when it came to determining whether an intrastate call also counted as interstate commerce. For instance, while “the Fifth circuit decided that the answer as yes, the eleventh circuit suggested it as a no” (Hilden, 2003, Para.6). However, in the second case, the cell phone happened to route a switching Center outside the state thus falling under the federal courts jurisdiction. Scenario of a case under the state jurisdiction As opposed to the federal courts, state courts are considered as more close to the people. These courts as a result handle cases of disputes among the people in the state (Jose, 2011, Para.4). A divorce case, which falls under the category of family disputes provides good scenario of a state court case. Since the family dispute does not involve the United States as a party, the jurisdiction of the state laws takes over to handle the case arriving at a working solution (Robinson, 1976, p.987). State cases do not usually attract the attention of people from other states outside the state where the crime has occurred since the decision reached at the end of the day does not involve so many people. However, depending on the publicity of the involved parties, many people even from outside the state might follow these cases closely. For instance, the O.J Simpson case was a state case but attracted the attention of so many people despite the fact that resolution did not affect them directly. A scenario where state laws and federal laws exist separately and concurrently Sometimes, it proves difficult to determine where some cases fit between federal and state courts jurisdiction. For instance, one can declare a bank robbery as a crime falling both in the federal courts jurisdiction as well as in the state courts jurisdiction. Most of the laws that declare a ban
Before meeting Sue, Mary was motivated and pleased with her position at the company, but after Sue, she became dissatisfied with her job due to the salary factor. The change in attitude was caused by the fact that her starting salary was $40000, whereas Sue, who has a similar credential, started with $45000. Despite Mary’s yearly efforts and hard work, her 10% increase in salary would still be lower than Sue’s starting salary because Mary will make $44000 and Sue will make $45000. Such a difference in the starting salary made Mary demotivated and dissatisfied with her job after learning about Sue’s salary. Mary most likely will talk to Tom and complain about the inequality in starting salaries because both Mary and Sue have equal credentials, but for some reason, Sue makes more from the start. It is safe to consider that now Mary will talk with Tom about the given issue. The later actions are difficult to predict, but there are probably two outcomes. Either Mary will be able to prove that Tom was wrong in setting these salary differences, and Mary’s and Sue’s salaries will be equalized, or Tom will somehow prove that Sue has more credentials to make $45000, which will result in Mary leaving the company. There is also a highly unlikely scenario that Mary will accept the later outcome and continue working with a lower starting salary. The motivation theory that applies the best to this case is Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory or two-factor theory. The main reason is that before Sue, Mary was motivated by motivators, such as achievement and recognition, but after Sue, she became dissatisfied with her job due to hygiene factors, such as salary (“Herzberg’s motivation theory – two-factor theory,” 2018). Reference Herzberg’s motivation theory – two factor theory. (2018). Web.
Introduction Patients acquire organs from donors when theirs are damaged and/or absent. The matter falls under the field of regenerative medicine and it has been critical in prolonging the lives of millions of individuals across the world (Fox and Swazey 2). After organs are removed from donors, they require to be preserved in the right conditions so that they can retain their physiological properties (Kaplan, Burkhart, and Lakkis 45). It is important to underscore that tissues and organs could experience necrosis if effective preservation methods are not utilized (Fox and Swazey 65). Thus, various preservation methods have been developed to help preserve organs (Gabrielli, Layon, and Yu 30). This paper focuses on discussing the following three methods of preservation: Lowering temperature, HMP, and oxygen persufflation. Lowering temperature Lowering the temperature of donated tissues and organs results in a state of hypothermia, which is essential in limiting the number of metabolic activities. Reduced metabolism implies that tissues would not experience necrosis due to the diminishing of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide. In addition to suppressing rates of metabolism, low temperatures lead to disruption of metabolic pathways that are involved in energy supplies. It has been shown that hypothermia could activate defense mechanisms that are critical to allow preserved tissues to return to their normal physiologic states when they are aroused. About this approach, blood flow is disrupted during the entire period of preservation. The length of time a tissue would be available for transplantation would range from hours to a few months. In addition, the method can be used