ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An assistive technology is used in health and social care to meet the needs of patients or individuals with disabilities. It offers numerous health and social benefits to individuals which trickle down to social and health organisations (Robitaille 2010). Nevertheless, assistive technology is also characterised by various disadvantages such as aggravating the patient’s health condition. Therefore, it is imperative to compare both benefits and shortcomings of technologies in social and health care before its use. This essay paper explains the health and safety considerations one has to make before the use of technologies in health and social care. In order to establish a structure and regulations for the workplace, the Parliament of the United Kingdom has developed the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (also referred to as HSWA 1974). The purpose of the Act is to provide a careful description of the duties and responsibilities of the employers, workers, the people operating machines and managing premises, authorities and maintenance staff. The main objective of the Act is to provide workplace security. The act has a purpose to protect the employees from workplace accidents that could result in injuries or casualties, to secure the safety and welfare of workers of all kinds, to keep the use of dangerous substances (highly flammable, toxic, explosive) under-qualified control. The Act determines the structure and outlines the necessary rules of behaviour at the workplace of any kind. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 requires the employers to conduct timely maintenance and keep the equipment safe, to provide information and guidance concerning workplace safety to the employees, to treat the working process responsibly, and to make sure that the working environments are secure and suitable for the operations carried out there. In turn, the employees are to cooperate with the employers, to report potential dangers or failures of the equipment, and to avoid unnecessary workplace risks leading to the endangerment of their security and health. Generally, the individuals are warned from treating rules concerning health and safety recklessly or ignoring them. The vast majority of the modern workplaces employ assistive technologies as necessary parts of the working process. Operating these technologies, the employees are to remember about the main health and safety considerations. The first such consideration is the negative effects of the assistive technology on individual’s health. Mainly, assistive devices are meant to help patients on their daily tasks. For instance, when she lost her memory, Sally was able to do her daily tasks using “PocketCoach,” a device that reminded her daily “dos”. Notably, some of the devices tend to have negative effects on individuals. For instance, Sally’s eye patch aggravated her sight condition. In a different vein, the long-term use of crutches and wheelchairs may lead to the compression of nerves (Hsu,
Nowadays, the world is suffering from the aftermath of the world financial crisis. There is a tendency in economies of all states to suffer from a decrease in incomes, reduction of GDP, and budget shortfalls. There are several reasons for such processes in the world economy. First of all, it is connected with the political crisis, which now is in its dynamic stage. The world is divided into two poles. Western states and the USA are united against Russia, which presents the Eastern world and posts soviet powers. A great number of different sanctions are a result of this confrontation. Of course, they are connected with economies of.the states which take part in the confrontation. These sanctions disturb traditional ways of international trade, and as a result, a great number of countries suffer from the financial crisis. Moreover, the whole world is watching fluctuation of prices on the oil. This fact also adds some tension to the world economy and the economies of different countries. That is why it becomes obvious that there is a great need in some austerity measures whose main aim is to overcome the results of the world financial crisis and guarantee the stability of the economy of different states. Especially important, these measures are for leading countries that proclaim their superiority and prevailing character. They are bearing the burden of sanctions and trying to continue their course. With this in mind, it is interesting to analyze the financial and economic policy of the USA and countries of the eurozone, such as England, Germany, and France as they are leading countries with powerful and stable economies and compare their actions which main aim is to save the economy of these countries. First of all, there is a great need to find a solution to the problem of unemployment, especially in Europe where it is more than 20%, which is seven times higher than in the USA (“150115_001”). With this in mind, it is possible to suggest that in Europe a great number of different actions are directed to finding a solution to this problem, while in the USA it is not so critical, though something should also be done with 7% of unemployed people. Another important issue is to solve the problem of the banking system. There is a tendency in the world to understand that cash transfers can become a real salvation for the banking system and be very effective in fighting recessions (Blyth and Lonergan 106). In the USA, this understanding led to increase in GDP. That is why it is possible to say that it can serve as an example for countries of eurozone where the problem in the banking sphere also exists. Moreover, a new term in the economy appeared. It is austerity. It is the policy whose main aim is to reduce public spending, debts, and deficits in this way (Blyth, “The Austerity” 41). It is a very unpopular policy that has doubtful results. It is possible to support this statement by clear evidence. France has “one of Europe’s largest budget deficits at 4.3 percent of GDP an
Introduction As mankind began emerging from their cave homes more than 10,000 years ago, they began farming grains which led, by necessity, to formal civilizations. The discovery of beer soon followed the discovery of grain as a renewable food source thus it is accurate to state that beer dates back to the earliest known evidence of human civilization. It has always been and all evidence points to the idea that it will always be a major part of the culture among much of the world’s population. Throughout the annals of western society, beer has enjoyed a colorful history and society has certainly enjoyed beer. Its use accelerated the use of written communication, was consumed as part of religious ceremonies by medieval monks and ancient Egyptians, drank by necessity in Medieval Europe and outlawed by the U.S. Beer has been an important aspect of life for people of all levels of society who use it to celebrate and simply to relax. The bar, tavern or pub is a gathering point for socialization and refuge for many. The simplest of products, water, barley, yeast and hops combine to produce many types of beer. Although the brewing process is somewhat complex it is easy enough to make at home. This process is considered an art-form by those that brew beer whether in large plants, micro-breweries or in the home. This discussion gives an overview of the his
Ethical dilemmas are a common occurrence in social workers’ practice. The involvement of numerous stakeholders with different interests, values and goals often creates situations that demand resolution of complex decision-making processes. The current paper examines the case of Fern, a 17-year-old Chinese girl with developmental delays and a complicated health condition who requires the services of professional clinicians in order to ensure an adequate level of welfare. Since Fern cannot make decisions, her parents have decided to terminate hospitalisation and take Fern home for cultural reasons. In order to resolve the emerging dilemma, it is necessary to identify the involved stakeholders, model two possible courses of events, evaluate the implications of each and come to a conclusion regarding the preferential option using an ethical decision-making framework. Ethical Dilemma A situation can be considered an ethical dilemma when several possible solutions to the problem are valid and relevant but mutually exclusive, with no evident advantage to any of them (Weber & Pockett 2011). In this case, Fern, who is both non-verbal and suffering from Proteus syndrome (a rare condition of tissue overgrowth) requires constant and exhaustive medical care that is difficult to provide at home. Her previous developmental and family history indicates benefits received from hospitalisation as well as some evidence of difficulties experienced by the parents in their attempts to provide adequate care at home. A recent review of the child’s condition identified an increasing need for hospitalisation. However, during a conference organised to update the care plan, the parents expressed a reluctance to comply with the scenario recommended by the medical experts and stated their intention to take their daughter home, citing cultural reasons. Since Fern is unable to make decisions due to developmental delays, there is an apparent conflict of interest that clearly involves her well-being and presents no obvious solution. Questions Raised Both suggested courses of action pose several potentially hazardous outcomes for Fern. In hospital, the girl would receive a superior level of care that is either difficult or impossible to deliver in the home setting. In addition, the financial and socioeconomic condition of Fern’s family creates additional challenges, such as an inadequate and restrictive environment. However, this decision would also go against the desires of her parents, a serious violation in both legal and medical terms. In addition, continued hospitalisation may disrupt the girl’s cultural environment, which may have an adverse effect on her overall well-being. On the other hand, allowing her parents to take their daughter
The Heian years in Japan had aristocratic rule. Records from the lives of those that lived during this period indicate their frustration and criticism on various issues including family and marriage systems of the time. A few elite classes of people had their way in most things and did what they found pleasure in even if it did oppress others. Marriages and family life during the mid – Heian period were largely polygamist. Superior men took several women to be their wives. This was because of their vast wealth and power. Some like, Fujiwara Kanaie had nine wives for whom records exist as noted by Seidensticker Edward (7). The beginning of these polygamous marriages was exciting. One of the undeniable facts was that women got married by men who in the Heian hierarchy were at least one level above them. This showed character and an indication of luck. The involved parties wrote to each other standard love letters. The women focused on the men’s power, competence and possessions to the extent that they forgot to assess the impacts of getting married as a second, third, fourth or even fifth wife. Reality soon dawned on them once they got married to these aristocrats. Seidensticker Edward (7) writes that often, polygamous marriages ended up to near complete separation. Characteristic of the aristocratic marriages and families in the mid – Heian period The polygamous marriages of these aristocrats showed different characteristics as Seidensticker Edward examines in the book, Gossamer Years. First and foremost, these marriages were unhappy. Women who got married with the hope that they would have their husbands only to themselves got disappointed. Once married, it became apparent to them that they had to compete with other women for their partner’s enthusiasm and passion. This was not an easy task. The marriages were full of contention among the wives. The women expressed strong dissatisfaction and hostility towards each other. They exchanged angry words and even fought for the right to live with their husbands. The women not only showed venomous anger towards each other, but also ended up resenting their husbands, Seidensticker Edward (9). The Heian marriage system had a list of many taboos and punishments which complicated it further. The women’s uncertain status and lack of satisfaction under the aristocratic marriages forced them to go to church to look for peace and happiness. It was thus said that the Heian women became more religious than their husbands did. It is intriguing that the women, through their daughters of uxorious powers, had the ability to take control over their women rights infringement yet they did not. This is mainly because power alone without connubial happiness was not enough. The poorly defined Heian marriage system denied the women the ability to react and advo
This paper is aimed at discussing the film Kramer vs. Kramer directed by Robert Benton. In particular, it is necessary to examine the way in which the concept of family is portrayed in this movie. Much attention should be paid to such issues as gender roles, the responsibilities of parents, and other questions that are of great interest to sociologists. This analysis will be based on books and scholarly articles which can throw light on the contemporary understanding of family. One can say that this film is aimed at challenging many of the stereotypes about the roles that men and women are supposed to play. Moreover, this cinematographic work reflects some of the main changes that took place in post-industrial societies. For instance, one can refer to the growing economic independence of women. Certainly, this movie can be viewed as the only source of information on the transformation of family. However, the questions explored by film-makers are of great importance to sociologists. This is why it can be examined more closely. On the whole, the film highlights the idea that modern families are not governed by specific gender rules according to which partners have to stick to some specific tasks or responsibilities that can be imposed on them by the society. For instance, the conflicts between Ted Kramer and his wife Joanna indicate that both spouses should take equal parts in the education of children. The film-makers present a dramatic and emotional portrayal of a modern family. However, they also attempt to question many of the traditional perceptions of this notion. Overall, this notion can be described as a group of people who feel attached to one another. However, they do not want to disregard their ambitions and self-interests. This is the meaning of family that can be derived from this cinematographic work. The film-makers want to show that the conventional stereotypes are not applicable to the contemporary families. For instance, the authors show that males are able to act as effective parents. Additionally, this movie demonstrates that the members of a family are not necessarily oriented toward some common goal. In most cases, they are driven by the need to fulfill their talents and ambitions. These are some of main messages about families are made explicit in Kramer vs. Kramer. Currently, these messages are examined in many empirical or theoretical studies that are supposed to examine the effects of social or economic changes on the experiences of individuals or households. It is possible to discuss several important scenes which can throw light on the roles and responsibilities within families. At the beginning, i
The struggle for independence from Great Britain was a cause of a massive conflict within the American colonies at the time, leading to one of the greatest confrontations in U.S. history and allowing the colonies to gain long-awaited liberation. However, whereas the political aspect of the conflict could be resolved comparatively fast, the social tensions within the American community were far more difficult to mend. Due to the heated environment and the abundance of factors that incentivized both parties. From loyalty to the British crown to the developing sense of independence, the conflict did not cease with signing the agreement (Hook 319). As a result, the adaptation process was taking place with significant difficulties, some of which were not resolved at the time. It was only with time and collaboration that reconciliation finally became possible, allowing Americans to celebrate their independence as a nation. The problem of the agreement was even more convoluted and intricate on a personal level and within American families. For example, historical records mention that Benjamin Franklin and his son William never agreed on the subject matter. Thus, communities were largely divided by the two ideologies even after peace was declared (Hook 386). Delving into the reasons for the observed unwillingness to reach peace within the American community after the American Revolution, one should mention the dilemma between the emotional attachment of loyalists to the Crown and the development of national identity in patriots (Schultz 115). Therefore, the divide within the nation was defined by the community trauma and the need to reconcile with personal beliefs first. However, slowly but surely, the two parties reconciled. The main reason for the agreement to have been reached was the transition from perceiving the conflict as a personal one to considering the opportunities that the change entailed for citizens’ economic well-being and political freedoms (Schultz 115). According to Hook, the idea of the U.S. taking the lead in the global market and gaining huge influence as an economic trendsetter allowed citizens to chan
Introduction The visual tracking has been a major challenge for the researchers for decades. The visual tracking is a projection of the movement of an object over an extended time frame. Based on the history of the movement, the moving object is checked and projected to identify the future positions it would occupy. This work has brought in a number of theories and working models into fore. The research has existed, particularly, on recognizing hand movement (D Hogg, 1983). Detection of the movement of hand, recording of the history of such movements, depends on a number of factors. This includes background (V. Athitsos and S. Sclaroff) for the movement, the skin color and even wrist delimitation (R. Rosales, V. Athitsos, L. Sigal, and S. Scarloff) apart from a number of other factors. The speed of the hand movement also plays an important role in identifying or tracking the hand movement (J. M. Rehg and T. Kanade). After the movement has occurred the pose of the hand can be reconstructed using a Kinematic model reconstruction as shown by (Y. Wu and T. S. Huang). In this case also, it can be found that edge conditions, contours and color have to be taken into account when simulating the movement of the hand (V. Athitsos and S. Sclaroff). There had been studies based on both two dimensional (McCormick & Isard) as well as three dimensional movement of hand. In case of two dimensional it is easier because of the limitations in the degrees of freedom. In the case of three dimensional studies, the degrees of freedom are six, whereas it is only four for two dimensions, taking into consideration rigid objects like that of a hand. In order to bring into focus the entire tracking of the hand, it has been a practice to simulate or build a model of the hand movement. Models are reconstructed based on either planar patches (J. Yang, W. Lu, and A. Waibel), polygon meshes or generalized cylinders. Any of these methods can be employed to bring in a model while simulating the entire track of the hand. In order to mathematically identify the geometric location of the hand, a Bayesian filter is made use of. Many researchers have employed recursive Bayesian filter to realize the model. In many cases, this has been influenced by the Kalman filter and a combination of the two can be employed for the purpose. In the following paragraphs, the Bayesian filter has been adopted for the purpose and is presented below. Theory of Bayesian Model Model based studies of the hand movement are based on the following standard processes. Figure 1. Standard components of a model-based tracking system The model collects the input image and does a feature extraction of the inputs. Based on this, it generates a new position and projects the image. A routine is planned that would identify the changes or differences between the actual image and the realized one s
Introduction Red Eagle Corporation should maximise its scarce resources to reach the company’s organizational goals. The research focuses on the Red Eagle Company’s responsibility to easily attain its goal of increasing its revenues. The research centers on the revenues pertain to the equipment and records management market segment, facsimile market segment, and water cooler market segment. The study centers on reducing the Red Eagle marketing and expenses will increase the company’s net profit output. The research focuses on the company’s willingness to assign a significant amount to the marketing activities of Red Eagle to effectively ensure there is an increased awareness in the minds of the current as well as prospective clients. Marketing will help in enhancing the company’s forecasted net profits for the next accounting year (Fisk, 2006). The Red Eagle Corporation was founded by Tony Falkenstein, a blazing and adventurous business person. The company’s sales had catapulted to the point where 2001 was seen as the acquisition of the new line of business –Cool Water business type. The company’s main business products included office and home furniture. One of the company’s major advantages is the implementation of the Barter system of purchase transactions. As the name goes, the barter system excludes the use of cash in both purchase and sale transactions. Further, the company came up with a metamorphosis of the company’s original Cool Water brand to the more persuasive Aqua –Cool. The Aqua –Cool business is focused on delivering water to the company clients. With the Clean Filters is one of the first big drinking water businesses in Australia. Red Eagle is on the right path of innovation in the Australian business world. With the opening of Red Eagle’s new head office in Onehunga, New Zealand, the company has maximised its presence with its three major business operations in 1993. The three other major businesses are the facsimile machines, water cooler business, and the business record management. Short term plans Water Cooler Business Segment The company must implements its short term plans. The short term plans include increasing its marketing services to the New Zealand officers. Falkenstein’s purchase of Just Water water cooler business must be promoted at a more synergized level. Current revenue data indicates that only 25 percent of the New Zealand offices are buying water coolers. This is in stark contrast with the United States market where only 20 percent of the offices are not using water coolers. To accomplish this, the company will advertise the company’s products under a new category in the New Zealand telephone yellow pages. The current New Zealand Yellow pages do not include a listing under water coolers. Consequently, there is a low trend of water cooler sales in the local water cooler market segment. Advertising will focu