ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Frankenstein Frankenstein is a novel written by Mary Shelley. The book was published in 1818 and it tries to investigate how knowledge can be used to do good or bad. It also looks at how the uneducated and deprived people are treated in the society as well as how technology affects the society. The novel is about a young scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who is determined to find the secrets of life and how it can be given. He labors in his laboratory alone and creates a living thing from parts of dead people. His creation is gentle at the start, but after the people start to resent it because of its looks, the monster runs and hides from the society. Its anger drives it to seek revenge on Victor, its creator, and in its quest, it kills his wife, best friend and little brother. It then escapes to the North Pole and Victor pursues it wanting to kill and destroy his creation. When he catches up with the monster, the monster seriously wounds him. The book ends with the monster accusing the human race of lacking sympathy before it disappears into the sea in an ice craft. The main theme of the book is alienation and isolation of innocent victim. This part of the essay will analyse the theme of alienation and isolation as seen in the three main characters namely Victor Frankenstein, Robert Walton and the Monster. Victor suffers isolation and alienation throughout his life as can be seen from his childhood, work, society and his family. His goal in life is to answer the question of life and how it can be given. He spends half of his life trying to create a living thing and the other half desperately trying to kill his creation. In the first half he spends time at the university carrying out his experiments, in complete isolation of the society. As a child he was raised in a “perfect” family as an only child. He was fascinated with science and began to educate himself. He states that: I was, to a great degree, self taught with regard to my favorite studies. My father was not scientific, and I was left to struggle with a child’s blindness, added to a student’s thirst to learn (Shelley 34). He leaves his family at a tender age, but this does not seem to affect him. He does not communicate with his family, and dedicates his time studying. He is not bothered by being alone without friends. From the book a reader can see that Victor chooses to be alone and his only friend is Clerval. This friendship is based on terms set by Victor. Even when his experiments fail he does not tell Clerval, but chooses to keep to himself. Other examples of his isolation is when he chooses to set up his laboratory, “in solitary chamber, or rather cell, at top of the house” (Shelley 37). He also isolates himself because of his work and experiments, “I must absent myself from all I loved while thus employed. Once commenced, it would quickly be achieved, and I might be restored to my family in peace and happiness ” (Shelley 98). After he creates the monster he isolates himself from the society as he tries to hide the secret (Shelley). Isolation and alienation can also be
Older people with disabilities living in the countryside are an economically vulnerable group that needs the support of society. Supplemental Security Income is one of the ways to improve the situation, but most of the current programs do not cover everyone who needs help. Making Supplemental Security Income programs more available for persons with disabilities might significantly improve the quality of life and health outcomes of older people living in the country. Many persons in risk groups cannot receive help from Supplemental Security Income programs because of limitations associated with the application process. Some people do not meet the biased criteria to be qualified as poor, and others cannot deal with the administrative burden because of their health limitations (Keesler, 2015). In the face of these problems, such programs need to be organized to cover a broader range of vulnerable populations and provide assistance in application to those who need it. Better funding of such programs is fully justified because, apart from improved health outcomes, they have economic benefits for society. Supplemental Security Income enhances the quality of life of its practitioners and has a positive effect on their food security, which is tightly linked with health conditions such as diabetes (Brouns, 2018). Thus, as a preventive measure for the negative health consequences associated with poverty, such programs can save money that the government spends on the treatment of serious diseases. Supporting vulnerable members of the community is necessary to create a fair and stable society. Supplemental Security Income programs help disabled people with financial difficulties to improve their quality of life and diet. By making a positive effect on health outcomes and prevention of future disease, these programs also help saving money. Expending such programs and making them easier to apply will have a significant positive effect on society, especially in rural areas of the United States.
Delayering or reduction of the staff is an emergency managerial decision, which usually entails many adverse consequences. Provided that cutbacks occur, such a company as Xerox will have to face several challenges. First and foremost, we should mention shortage of qualified personnel, because very often cutbacks are chaotic and non-discriminative which means that some rather competent workers can be made redundant. Another problem that is almost inevitable is the atmosphere of fear in the workplace as every employee is greatly concerned with his or her position in the firm. Subsequently, this causes poor interpersonal relations among them. However, the biggest problem is the re-organization that must be undertaken by the management. One must bear it in mind that delayering may touch middle-rank managers, who act as a link between average members of the staff and the highest authority. The only possible outcome is poor coordination and performance. Apart from that, we must not overlook low retention of the staff members, who may be looking for another alternative. Several steps should be taken in order to address these issues. First, the management has to explain that delayering is not motivated by mercantile reasons such as pursuit of profit. Secondly, even if the leadership is forced to resort to such measures, they must be very
It is a fact that economies of scale enable companies to reduce their costs of production. Therefore, companies strive to increase their production capabilities to benefit fully from economies of scale (Mankiw, 2011). However, in so doing the company should not compromise the quality of products. Reduced costs of production due to economies of scale enables companies in foreign locations to compete effectively with local companies. However, it is vital for the company to use strategies that are responsive to the needs of the local population (Iyer, 2009). The peasants’ revolt in France highlights the importance of being sensitive to the needs of the local population while entering foreign markets. Increased large-scale industrial farming led to a peasant farmers’ revolt in southern France. Increased industrial farming enables farmers to benefit from economies of scale. This leads to significant reduction in costs of farming. Reduced costs of farming ultimately leads to reduction in prices of farm produce (Kaplan, 2012). However, according to the peasant farmers, large-scale industrial farming compromised the quality of agricultural products. American companies were the major parties that engaged in large-scale industrial farming. Americans used artificial hormones to produce beef. Beef produced using hormones are tasteless and may be harmful to human health. The French farmers viewed McNonald as a symbol of la sale bouffe (tasteless, mass produced food). On the other hand, the farmers claimed that French chicken and pork producers are used sewerage sludge in the production of meat rapidly and cheaply for supply to French supermarkets (Lichfield, 1999). The peasants also attacked supermarkets since they offered low prices to farmers and sold the fruits and vegetables at high prices to the customers. This unfair practice reduced the income of the fruit and vegetable farmers but enabled supermarkets to make handsome profits. To counter this practice, the government introduced a cumbersome system of double labeling. Supermarkets included both the price that the customer should pay and the price that the supermarkets paid the farmers. The failure of this system in increasing the price that supermarkets offered farmers forced the farmers to take action. The farmers dumped rotting fruits in the car parks of supermarkets. In addition, some farmers sold their fruits directly to shoppers (Lichfield, 1999). Selling directly to shoppers eliminated the role of the supermarkets in the supply chain. This eliminated the role supermarkets in the supply chain. Eliminating th role of supermarkets in the supply chain increased the income of the farmers as shoppers bought the fruits and vegetables at a price that was higher than what the supermarkets offers the farmers (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2010). Confederation Paysanne – a French farmers’ organization – was the organization that led the anti-McDonald and anti-supermarket offensi
Education as such is recognized as one of the basic necessities for the overall growth of the individual and society. It is considered a fundamental human right, as explained in the United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Human Rights Covenants. The traditional system of education has been catering to the needs of the society for centuries. But when it was found that the demand and supply gap is widening in this field, educationists started exploring other viable means of delivering education. Online education is one such mode in which education is delivered at the doorsteps of the student. Technological advancement plays crucial role in this mode of education. Over time, the approach of looking at the means of education has changed a lot. Now computers and internet are considered very much as an integral part of education system. E-learning is another term describing this form of education. Key features of online education are;   * Asynchronous mode of learning: In a classroom teaching-learning environment, if for some reason, a student is not able to attend the class; s/he misses the day’s lecture. But in online education system, student can access the lessons whenever s/he has time for it. Therefore this kind of education system is also suitable for a working professional, who wishes to acquire higher education or wishes to upgrade his/her skills. This helps in career advancements and pursuing the professional goals   * Wider choice to the student: In the traditional form of education, seeking admission in a college outside city or country would involve a huge expenditure on logistics. But thanks to the online platform, we need not worry about these things, because the universities from around the globe are within easy reach for us through internet.   * Skill development: With the onset of globalization, demand for appropriately skilled workforce has increased manifold. In fact, globalization has proved to be key driver in stimulating the growth and demand for higher education, training and development. The online platform has also made it possible for corporate houses and MNCs to enter into strategic tie-ups with universities and institutions for upgrading the skills of their existing workforce. Many governments around the world are also in the process of reforming the education system, so that they can include the online platform also in the mainstream of their education system.   * Interactive learning: The online platform also makes it possible to present examples, computer simulations, live videos etc. to
Introduction Female activists have advocated for their rights for many decades. Today, social media have transformed political protest and opened an opportunity for women to raise public awareness of feminist issues. Nude protests have become one of the means female activists use to claim their rights and freedoms. This paper presents a discussion on the role of social media in political protest, as well as an analysis of the limits and potentials of nude protest. It also features the issue of sexual violence as a form of state control and its relation to the problem. The paper concludes that although nudity is a powerful tool in the feminist movement, it is not an effective form of protest and cannot ensure lasting change. Social Media and Online Sources in Political Protest Social media and other online sources have transformed political protest in many ways as, currently, any person can use websites like Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter to share their opinion on acute political problems. Moreover, social media sources have become a determinant for the current trends related to social issues. For example, Instagram guidelines prohibit sharing pictures of female nipples on the platform (“Community guidelines,” 2018). It is vital to mention that the perception of the public square has also shifted with the rise of social media. Asmaa Mahfouz, an activist from Egypt, has become known as “the leader of the revolution” after sharing a video in which she encouraged people to advocate for changes and participate in demonstrations (culturecaster, 2011; Al-Ali, 2012). During the Arab Spring, many women used online sources, such as personal blogs, to share information and gain the media’s attention. The example of Aliaa el-Mahdy, the “nude Egyptian blogger”, also showed that women started to use online sources to advocate for their rights and freedoms by openly oppressing common social and cultural norms. Like el-Mahdy, many female activists use their nudity as a political statement. Limits and Potentials of Nude Protest The nude protest is a popular but controversial tactic that has been publically debated for several decades. The example of el-Mahdy, who posted a nude photo of herself, shows that this form of protest is an effective way of gaining attention to problematic issues. Although el-Mahdy’s post received comments from many detractors, it also gained broad support too. It means that the efforts to advance sex equality via nudity in social media and on the streets may be considered effective as they achieve the goal to raise public awareness of the issue. The woman is one of many females who have used their nudity as a political state
Strengths Choosing a career in nursing has numerous benefits. There is a major shortage of nurses across the world. Job flexibility is very high in the nursing practice, thus one has the ability to enjoy career mobility and work in many locations. Apart from the strong personal satisfaction that one gets by providing healthcare services, a career in nursing also attracts high salaries owing to the fact that the areas of specialization that one can choose from are various. Weaknesses One of the most notable weaknesses of a career in nursing is the challenge of being undervalued. It is tough when a caregiver struggles to win the trust of a patient. Nurses often deal with intricate patients who can easily lead them to suffer stress, lose their motivation to work, and eventually their satisfaction levels. This challenge is often heightened by workplace elements such as complicated co-workers and lack of cohesion. A career in nursing is very demanding in terms of working hours, where one is required to work for long or at odd hours. The physical demands associated with the nursing practice can easily lead one to exp
Introduction The rising rate of crime is a very serious issue that cannot be overlooked by any country. The rising rate of crime goes to show that the values instilled in children by their parents have been long forgotten. Every day there are numerous instances of crime taking place across the globe, No country is free from crime, it does matter where a person is, he/she is ought to witness a criminal activity be it on a small scale or for that matter on a large scale basis. Small scale crimes include petty crimes like robbery etc on the other hand large scale crimes include murders etc. This paper will throw light upon the financial cost of crime to society and it will also focus upon the implications that the criminal faces after committing the crime. “According to a United Nations report posted by MSNBC, the United States is the leading country in financial loss due to violent crimes; the cost estimated around 45 billion dollars. During a time of recession, this information sheds more light on the impact crime has on our society. Combined with the very real struggle law enforcement agencies face to retain employees and maintain budgets, the report signals a very serious factor degrading our communities.” (US Crime Affects Economy, 15 October 2008). The US leads in terms of the financial loss incurred by a country because of criminal activities. There are so many gangs in the US that operate depending on the area which they are in; many a time gang wars take place to satisfy the egos of the members of various gangs. When a gang war or for that matter a crime takes place, it directly affects the economy of the country, this can be understood by an example, if a gang member attempts to kill a person in the US, it will surely damage some property of either public or the private sector resulting in property damage, in addition to this the medical attention given towards the affected person will also be viewed as a financial loss to the economy because it was due to a senseless act, had it been because of a natural disaster then the case would have been different altogether but since it is because of a crime, it will also contribute towards the financial loss incurred by the economy of a country. Affect of Crime on the Salaries of Professionals From the above information, it is very clear that the US suffers the most from the criminal activities within the country. This also affects the salaries of professionals involved in dealing with criminals. When the crime rate is high in a country, the government will be forced to train and recruit more policemen to deal with the situation and in this case, again the country would suffer financial losses because of training and recruiting more policemen than required. The whole process of training and recruitment will cost millions of $ and hence the economy of the country will suffer. On the other hand, if the crime rate is low in a country, the government need not spend so much on the salaries of policemen and the same money can be utilized to make sure that the economy of the country develop
Introduction When two or more genes that have different kinds of gene code are combined they form Chimeric or fusion proteins. These genes are coded for separate proteins. Eventually a new polypeptide is formed with the functional properties of the proteins that were combined (Tierney, 2007). DNA cloning can either be based on cells or achieved by using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).In the approach based on cells both the replicating molecule or the biological vehicle known as the vector and the foreign DNA fragment are cut using the same restriction enzyme(s ) to produce compatible cohesive (“sticky”) or blunt ends on the DNA molecules, then the foreign DNA fragment is permanently joined to the DNA of the vector using an enzyme known as DNA ligase which catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the two DNA chains thus producing a chimera or a recombinant DNA molecule (Rychlik, 1990). The replicating molecule is meant to carry the foreign DNA fragment into the host cell (Chou & Bloch, 1992). Fusion proteins can occur naturally by a process known as chimeric mutation. This process occurs when there is a high level of mutation. This creates a new coding system from the two genes. Fusion proteins can be created in two ways. There is the artificial way and this is known as Recombinant fusion. This kind of fusion is got from the process known as recombinant DNA technology. This technology is used for research in biological fields. Steps DNA cloning involves the following steps;  1. DNA recombination-This involves the identification and isolation of the DNA fragment containing the gene of interest from the chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes or by using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR),gel electrophoresis and sonication of DNA (Tierney, 2007). The fragment of DNA isolated must be joined to a replicating molecule or vector which acts as a vehicle that transports the DNA into the host cell. Both the isolated DNA fragment and the vector are cut using restriction enzymes at their restriction sites into sizeable fragments suitable for cloning. The desired DNA fragment is inserted into the cut ends of the vector and permanently linked using the enzyme DNA ligase thus forming a recombinant DNA molecule or chimera, but in some instances if processed under in vivo conditions, the enzyme terminal transferase may be added in order to avoid free sticky ends to rejoin instead of forming a chimera since it catalyzes the addition of “tails” of the nucleotide to the 3’ends of the DNA chains.  2. Transformation-This is whereby the recombinant DNA molecule enters the host cell (which is usually a bacterium) and proliferates. The recombinant plasmid molecule also contains color selection markers which show white/blue screening on a media of X-gal (Saiki & Arnheim, 19
Introduction The research discussed in the presented paper is linked to the onset time and progression of Huntington’s disease (HD). In their article, de Diego-Balaguer et al. (2016) consider the genetic factors that may affect one’s cognitive, behavioral, motor, and functional degradation. In particular, they choose to focus on “the Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene” since this gene is connected to the degradation of dopamine (de Diego-Balaguer et al., 2016, p. e0161106). According to the authors, the main gap in current knowledge is the lack of understanding of possible roles that the COMT may play in the evolution of the disease. Although studies show such data about HD as the connection between the condition’s onset and repeats of CAG (cytosine, adenine, guanine), they do not reveal any relations between COMT polymorphism and the evolution of HD. These findings can impact drug therapy for HD and help The scholars to find new ways of treating patients using their genetic information. The authors attempt to examine the impact that COMT polymorphism can have on the motor, cognitive, functional, and behavioral decline of patients with HD. Results It should be noted that the scholars divide their research into multiple analyses to confirm previous studies and test new hypotheses. First of all, they examine the connection between CAG repeats and the patients’ age of onset. In this case, data analysis is performed to see whether the previous research is correct in establishing a link between the two mentioned above factors. De Diego-Balaguer et al. (2016) use the number of repeats as an independent variable and the age of onset as a dependent one to employ a linear regression model. Moreover, they also calculate the expected age of onset, using a specific formula “ expected age = (21.54 + exp (9.556–0.146*CAG)) ” to support the correlation (de Diego-Balaguer et al., 2016, p. e0161106). As a result, they confirm that the number of CAG repeats affects the age of onset, showing that the documented age and the predicted age calculations largely overlap. The second main portion of the calculations is devoted to the tests that determine patients’ HD progression. Here, the authors perform a longitudinal analysis to compare how people with different polymorphism samples, namely Val/Val, Met/Met, and Met/Val, change during their visits to the clinic. The scholars employ the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) for this purpose, assessing the participants during the first and the following visits. The independent variable is the specific gene, and the dependent v