ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The business leader of easyJet is currently concerned about how focusing on key individuals, including customers, employees and suppliers, as stated in the company’s mission, will guarantee sustainable success in the present-day competitive airline market. Consequently, he has requested the respective departments to conduct a critical review of their systems, processes and practices as part of a major organisational reform programme. In line with this requirement, this paper critically reviews work-life balance (WLB) and communication-feedback systems, which form two approaches for studying staff retention. Diverse information sources, including the available academic literature, key texts and online databases, will be used to gather data related to staff retention improvement at easyJet. Findings reveal that easyJet has effectively maintained low staff absenteeism and turnover through its employee engagement and work commitment initiatives. However, this paper recommends easyJet develop customised WLB and communication-feedback programmes that can augment its employee retention initiatives. This strategy is vital because it constitutes an opportunity for lowering operational expenses since improved staff retention leads to reduced costs associated with the recruitment, selection, training and development of new employees. Introduction easyJet is a globally recognised budget airline that operates between Europe’s major towns where it offers driving leisure and business travels. Its head offices are based in London Luton Airport. easyJet’s mission entails providing clients with secure, outstanding, worthy, steadfast and affordable air services. It achieves this goal by charging fares in line with the prevailing leisure and corporate market demands in all its European routes. This company focuses on establishing and maintaining long-term relationships with stakeholders who contribute to making its operations possible, sustainable and dependable. Such individuals include suppliers, customers, employees and even communities within which this organisation is established. Using key texts, online databases and the existing body of academic literature, this paper investigates various research approaches deployed
At the beginning of the new millennium, science reached the level of development people could hardly imagine before. But at the same time, the very existence of humans is under the threat. It is paradox that people poison water and drink it after that. People and animals now live in an increasingly dangerous environment; lots of pollutants are every day emitted into the air, millions of tons of dangerous waste are poured into the water. The crisis of culture is obvious now as this pattern is being repeated over and over again. Artists have always been interested in the way how everything is interconnected on our planet. So the Art cannot stand a part of it and ignore the state of the environment (Gablic, 1985, 26). The first impression is that modern art is far from beautiful. Some critics pronounce beauty dead in “prot
Introduction Unlike Christianity where the acceptance of stipulated beliefs and dogmas indicate one’s religious identity, Islamic identity is characterized by “…the performance of required religious rituals regularly repeated and involving prescribed words and actions”.1 This does not imply that Christianity does not employ some ritual practices neither does it imply that Islam does not possess specified theological beliefs. The implication here is that as a religion, Islam is more emphatic on orthopraxy as opposed to Christianity which has its emphasis on orthodoxy. In the Islamic faith, rituals, known in their religion as ibadat , meaning acts of obedience, service, and worship to God, form the foundation on which the whole faith is anchored. Accordingly, this paper will highlight the Islamic rituals and critically analyze them as pointed out in chapter 7 of Andrew Rippin’s book Muslims . The five pillars Textual and scholarly portrayals of Islamic traditions point out five major rituals that have featured prominently. Mostly, they are referred to as the five pillars of the Islamic faith. These are the rituals that have been principal indicators of Islamic identity. The five pillars are shahada which is the verbal witness to faith, salat which means prayer, zakat which means charity, sawm which means fasting, and finally hajj meaning pilgrimage. These five fundamental rituals in Islam form the epitome through which the Islamic laws were formed.2 However, one question remains relevant in the quest to deeply understand the basis of these rituals. Why and how do religious organizations come up with these rituals that eventually form the centrifuge of the religion? Formation of rituals Religious concepts usually arise as a result of the innate human need for cooperation. This means that human beings will always want to cooperate and form a group that will protect the interests of its members. In his argument concerning the origins of religious concepts, Boyer points out that “…humans are greatly dependent upon cooperation and information about potential co-operators.”3 This need for cooperation eventually forms a strategic problem of which an individual tries to solve by developing certain emotional and cognitive adaptations. Subsequently, the aspect of the supernatural comes into question. This, in most cases, is associated with group identity, social interactions, rituals, and morality. From this perspective, it would be possible to argue that
Text for the general public Keeping in consideration the fact that not all the people are well educated to understand the nuances of mechanical engineering, the text of this paragraph has been kept as moderate as possible. Simple language has been used, and the sentences have been kept short. The examples mentioned in the text have been taken from everyday life that people are aware of. The text is as follows: Each one of us is probably familiar with the word ‘mechanic.’ We all know that he is the one who repairs our faulty implements, vehicles, electronic items, etc. So we know that a mechanic is a person who repairs machines. Similarly, mechanical engineering also deals with machines. But it is not only for repairing purposes. Machines are created with the help of mechanical engineering. From the smallest things (such as toys, door latches, etc.) to the biggest things (such as space ships, airplanes, trains, etc.) are all wonders of mechanical engineering. So basically, mechanical engineering can be defined as a stream of engineering that deals with anything and everything that moves and is made by humankind. Mechanical engineering can be found in all walks of life like refrigeration, manufacturing, energy production and conversion, vehicles, aerospace, medical equipment, etc. The history of mechanical engineering can be traced back to early Greece and Chinese civilizations. During that era, mechanical engineering was involved in numerous things such as pumps, engines, clocks, etc. But mechanical engineering became a separate field with the advent of the industrial revolution in the world. To become a mechanical engineer, a student has to obtain a degree BSc in mechanical engineering. The usual duration of the course is four years, after which the student becomes a mechanical engineer. If it is feasible for the student, he/she can do further specialized studies in a field of his/her choice. Else, jobs are available for graduate mechanical engineers as well. Most of the companies engaged in manufacturing require mechanical engineers. So mechanical engineering is a great field to pursue. Text for elementary-aged children It is commonly understood that the participation of children in commercial fairs is not much, but even though the number is less, this group of visitors is the most enthusiastic and eager to learn. After all, they are our future engineers, astronauts, doctors, etc. So keeping this into consideration, the following paragraphs have been written in a manner to enable the children to understand the concept of mechanical engineering in a playful manner. The language has been kept very simple and the examples included in the text relate to their childhood and their fantasies. It is quite possible that they get impressed and inspired by what they see, and their future is nurtured here. Following is the text: While at leisure, there might be several questions popping up in your minds. Why is it that only children have to go to school? Why do our parents work? If elders don’
Serves an annual audience of over 350,000. Its main objectives are to present a season of the best possible theatrical, musical, and concert works using the best talent available; to produce new musical theatre works to further a particularly American art form; to present entertaining and educational children’s programming during the school day and on weekends; to satisfy the needs of special audiences with considerations that include barrier-free design of the theatre, infrared hearing system and sign-interpreted performances for the hearing impaired, discounts for senior citizens and students, and complimentary tickets for charitable groups; and to cooperate with New Jersey’s other arts organizations to fulfill its role as the State Theatre of New Jersey. The Playhouse accomplishes these goals through the presentation of a highly varied program of musical theatre, drama, comedy, opera, operetta, dance, children’s theatre, concerts and art gallery exhibits in a season that runs year-round. Boston Playwrights’ Theatre Boston Playwrights’ Theatre is a home for new works for the stage. We believe the successful development, production, and promotion of new plays is key to continuing theatrical achievement in Boston and New England, and we measure our success first by a generous dedication to our playwrights’ visions. Statement Analysis The statement provided by The Paper Mill Playhouse is detailed and clear. It contains the list of objectives and tasks the organization is focused on. It introduces the readers to the main goals of The Paper Mill Playhouse and offers a description of the organization. The statement is to the point and answers the possible questions of the readers. It describes the repertoire of the Playhouse and informs the readers that the audiences of various kinds can be satisfied as the organization is ready to fulfill the needs of diverse visitors. The statement taken from Boston Playwrights’ Theatre is visibly much shorter than the one of the Playhouse. The information in it covers only the basic features of the theatre and its leaders’ ideas concerning the keys to the progress for the organization. It is rather unclear compared to the statement of The Paper Mill Playhouse. It looks like the authors of the mission statement for Boston Playwrights’ Theatre are not completely aware of the purpose of this statement. The Paper Mill Playhouse mission and vision statement does not seem to need any adjustments since it is very detailed and contains information concerning the most important aspects of the program and features of the organization along with its plans and goals. At the same time, the statement of Boston Playwrights’ Theatre could be improved. For example, the theater could elaborate about their target audience, the diversity of viewers, the ability of the theatre to satisfy people with various tastes, its popularity, the contents of its programs, future goals and artistic orientation considering the development. If I was a potential funder and was going to make a donation
Courts play a very important role in the justice system. They are part of the judicial system, and they are presided over by judges and magistrates who interpret and determine different types of cases as stipulated by the law. Also, all judicial officers are required to exhibit high levels of integrity, knowledge of the law, and impartiality to enable them to make fair rulings. In modern times, courts have also been used as institutions were accused of committing various crimes are either proved guilty or innocent. As a result, they are an important part of the criminal justice system because they allow judges to use established laws to administer punishments for crimes committed by various offenders. This paper will discuss court purposes and responsibilities and their relevance in modern justice systems. Judicial officers work together with police organizations, lawyers, child service organizations, and health experts to uphold the law. A judge uses his or her legal knowledge to decide whether various types of evidence and witnesses brought in by defense and prosecution teams are admissible before the court. In many criminal cases, a jury panel consisting of people from different backgrounds listens to the proceedings and afterward, makes a verdict that shows if a defendant is guilty or innocent. After the trial hearings have been concluded, members of the jury deliberate and make a collective decision which they present to the court as their verdict. During their deliberations, members of the jury evaluate the evidence presented before the court to come up with an appropriate verdict (Peak, 2008, p. 72). After receiving the verdict, the judge decides the penalty to be administered about the severity of the crime committed and the criminal history of the defendant. Courts are respected by all citizens because they are independent institutions which are accountable to the existing constitutional framework. Courts also serve as impartial arbiters to various conflicts by interpreting and making fair rulings as stipulated by the law. In civil suits, courts determine whether a person who has been subjected to physical or emotional pain by another person deserves to be compensated. Therefore, in many instances, courts may award damages to a victim of a wrongful act to ensure the defendant understands the consequences of his actions. Before awarding any claim, a judge has to use his wisdom to establish the accuracy of the facts presented and how they are related to the existing laws (Peak, 2008, p. 75). As a result, courts are empowered to use the law to defend the weak and defenseless in society. All judicial officers and other professionals that work in the justice system are required to adhere to codes of conduct which have been set up by the law. This ensures that any judicial matter brought before the court goes through correct procedures to safeguard the rights and dignity of all people involved. A judicial system has to be fair and transparent to gain the trust and confidence of the people it serves (Peak, 2008, p. 79). Therefore, judges,
The mass media are essential and influential aspects of the modern social life of Japanese citizens. There has been a steady increase in the number of publications, Newspapers, television channels, radio stations, and internet-based sources of news in the last decade. This increment could mean more accurate and reliable information, but they are all under censorship. Though most media companies are privately owned, government and top politicians play a crucial role in developing news in Japan. Information is a vital product in everyday life, implying that the independence of media and the state involvement in publication and broadcasting materials directly impact a country’s social vision. This paper agrees with the truth presented by Alex Kerr in his article that media in Japan act like cartels and investigative reporting is actively punished. High hopes were set when the internet was established as a mainstream channel for interaction. This is because it provided a new public sphere where people could freely interact and share news without relying on third-party agents. Like any other country, Japan spent considerable funds ensuring a smooth social avenue for developing communication online across the country (Yoshioka & Maeda, 2020). The anticipated freedom was never felt as state organizations have primarily shaped the Japanese media avenues and substantial political influence with no individual broadcasting impact on the news. The presence of middle media that decides what news is to be published has undermined the power and quality that mass media present to the people. This translates to false news and information being released to the world, protecting the interest of a few cartels. Japanese news is far from being accurate because of the pressure faced by reporters and presenters. In 2015 Shigeaki Koga was axed as a news pundit after reporting that the government was applying pressure to media to tone down any critic against the government (Petrovic, 2020). Hodo Station sacked Koga without any reason where the producers claimed that he had interfered with government reporting. This worrying trend was witnessed when state and LDP officials openly participated in editorial decisions (Petrovic, 2020). The media are soft and avoid being confronted by the state questioning the firmness and the self-reliance of editorial and broadcasters’ rights. In addition, the termination of Koga by TV Asahi expressed the willingness of significant country’s mainstream media to bore down to the level of behind-the-scenes reporting by the administration. According to the magazine Sekai, one of the highly regarded liberal opinions in the country states that there is growing conformity that one cannot resist (Petrovic, 2020). This is written by Hiroko Kuniya, a TV anchor who documented force being used to accommodate the majority in their reporting from even the media owners (Petrovic, 2020). The country’s free press has been silenced for a long, and news is based on what the government believes is good for its reputation. This was reflected during the deadly earthquake in the southern city of Kumamoto and concerns about th
Introduction Currently, we are all living in a world full of information accredited to the advancement in information technology through sophisticated storage devices such as computer systems having very huge memory to store information. However, human intelligence, thinking, and memory are still important in all aspects. Falcon (2002) states, “Human brain is big and endows every human being with unique and remarkable abilities which help them to make sensible decisions, solve many problems and enhance communication through use of sophisticated languages”(p.67). The nature and general function of all types of the human brain are intricate and complex. Thus, analyzing the process of human memory, intelligence and thinking is of grand vitality. Complex issues arise when attempting to measure intelligence, memory, and thinking. The majority of scientists have agreed that human memory should be described in a well-elaborated model, which features a variety of steps. For instance, sensory memory, short-term human memory, and long-term human memory are the major steps. Steps in the Human Memory Model The Sensory memory, the first step, captures many things like how people see, smell, and taste. Generally, it records the things that people sense. Kurt (1998) argues that “…the sensory part of human memory is very brief and if one does not send the sensory memory to the short memory; it ends up fading away very quickly” (p.108). Therefore, if a person sees something inestimable, unless his or her attention is captured it is erased immediately once he/she sees another more powerful. The interim human memory though having limited competence lasts longer. It lasts until someone stops imagining other things. For instance, a telephone number frequently used by people remains available in their memory until they stop using it or otherwise think about it. The long-term has unrestrained storage faculty harboring concepts and perceptions that vary with time. It resembles a massive and classy computer hard drive, where a lot of immeasurable information can be stored for a person’s lifetime. Through this memory, all human beings assemble their ideas and experiences reassembling them whenever needed. However, some factors hinder or enhance the information flow in human memory. For instance, “…changes in the human neurotransmitters and hormones, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and the human temporal lobe, chronic stress, ageing” (Kurt, 1998, p.110) are some of them. Factors that Boost or Hamper Inf
Introduction The world is full of many complex things which are strenuous and hard to crack. It is difficult to explain how they function, how interrelated with one another they are and how they harmoniously coexist in the ecosystem without the slightest friction emanating from the interaction. This necessitated the invention of tools and techniques that would be used by scholars to aid them in coming up with logical explanations that are expected to delusively dissect the complex societal processes that range from the socio-cultural to the social-economic processes. Therefore, this study aims at identifying and explaining in details the concept of ethnography and the research methods that are applied in this area of study. This study will also seek to empower the readers with the necessary knowledge that will help them analyze and evaluate qualitative data captured from the research carried out. Therefore, for this study to achieve this objective, it will attempt to conceptualize the ethnographic methods from studies that have previously been carried out in this field. In addition to this, the paper will define the term ethnography and also identify the main issues in ethnographic research methods. The paper will also define participant observation and the pitfalls that have arisen from its application in carrying out research. It is from this thesis that the study is expected to architecture a conclusion that will exhaustively summarize the study. Definition of Ethnography Ethnography was first applied in anthrop