ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Air New Zealand started as TEAL (Tasman Empire Airways Limited) in 1940, and its major operations involved Short Empire flying boats on trans-Tasman routes. After the World War New Zealand and Australian governments procured 50% equity of TEAL. The airline then decided to change its operations by dropping flying boat operations in favor of propeller airliners and by 1960 TEAL developed into Air New Zealand because e the New Zealand government acquire Australia’s 50% ownership in the company. The airline is now and New Zealand’s national air carrier and its headquarters are in Auckland, New Zealand. “ It has scheduled passenger flights to 27 domestic destinations and 26 international destinations in 14 countries across, North America Asia, Europe and Oceania, and is at present the only airline to fly around the world” Cranston, 2006). It was also rated the eighth best airline in the world in the year last year. “The airline owns a long-haul fleet consisting of Boeing 747, Boeing 767, Boeing 777 and Airbus A320 aircraft on international routes and regularly uses fleet of Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 airliners for short-haul operations” (Books,2010). The airline also has subordinate regional airlines such as: Air New Zealand’s regional y, Air Nelson, Eagle Airways, Mount Cook Airline, for domestic flights. Since the airline elected Ralph Norris as its Managing Director in 2002, Air NZ has launched a different strategic course. The carrier has undergone various structural alterations in the market: it is now using a new strategy to meet customer’s demands and also in setting up its flights and routes while and shoving away the traditional inflexible services. The company is growing from a full service carrier to a value based airline by reducing its flight costs per person in order to increase the number of customers and therefore increase its revenues. “t intends to offset reduced revenues (per customer) by lower operating costs mainly through simplification of product bundles and services” (Bradley,2007). Mission statement The company’s mission is to “position itself as a long-term sustainable business providing value to its customers, employees and shareholders” Barnhart,ET,al2004) : by maximizing the airline’s return on capital employed, adding diversity to the carrier’s sources of revenues and taking full advantage of the airline’s competencies in the market. The airline has not fully published its missions but all of the above is a summary of its objectives. The airline as said earlier operates far and wide and therefore it gets it revenues from transporting its customers to places such as: “Asia/Pacific region, Europe, and North America; and It also extends it services by participating in the Star Alliance, a global marketing and code-sharing network that includes carriers such as Lufthansa and United Airlines” (Alley, 2008). It is also the only airline in New Zealand that provides direct flights to Sidney so as to attract Australians going for holidays in the cook’s islands and hence adding to its revenue sources. Vision statement The airline recognizes that flying planes is no longer enough and therefore it has decided to
Marketing is, without a doubt, one of the most important tools in business. It is safe to say that, even if your product is objectively better than that of your rival company, but the marketing is not as effective, it will likely lose the battle for the consumers’ money. Thus, it is crucial to familiarize them with the brand. (Brindle, 2017) The author of the text describes the functions of marketing and the importance of being customer-centered rather accurately in addition to listing all the skills necessary for successful marketing. Mentioning the benefits of companies being environmentally aware is yet another strong point. There is no question that nowadays the concerns for the environment are higher than ever before and that using them in marketing, while challenging, is a sure way to attract more potential customers. However, more attention in this discussion should be drawn towards the Internet and its relationship with marketing. In particular, we need to consider how simply “liking” a certain brand on a social network such as Facebook does not make a person more likely to start buying more of that brand’s products or spreading the word about it among their friends. (John, Emrich, Gupta, Norton, 2017) Thus, companies need to find better, more elaborate methods of using social networks for marketing. Also of note is the concern that marketing as a discipline needs to be elevated, i.e., the focus of marketing needs to be shifted from the short-term financial performance and the satisfaction of individual customers towards viewing them as not only customers but also as citizens and improving the standard of living. (Webster Jr., Lusch, 2013) This could be done by distributing responsibilities clearly and being more efficient in dealing with resources. This concern needs to be addressed in the initial work, as the future of marketing is as important as its present.
Introduction Palestine is a traditional Arabic name that refers to a territory that is in close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. It is also delimited by River Jordon. The disintegration of the great Ottoman Empire marked the onset of territorial disputes in Palestine. In the modern world, the boundaries of Palestine were first defined in 1920 through the Franco-British Frontier Accord. The second delineation of Palestine was done towards the end of 1922 by the Transjordan Territorial Agreement. The region encompasses Israel and various territories under Palestine establishment. “One of the essential attributes of a state under International Law is external sovereignty—that is, the right to exercise freely the full range of power a state possesses under international law” (Asem 21). A country is deemed independent when other countries that acknowledge its autonomy do not have any legal mandate over it. A totally autonomous country is, therefore, different from a vassal state which is governed by a superior nation. Over the years, Palestine has made serious efforts to gain its independence. Notably, these frantic efforts have been quite successful.At present, over ninety countries already acknowledge Palestine as a nation. Moreover, several states have diplomatic ties with Palestine. Indeed, Palestine has fulfilled a few of the requisite requirements to make it sovereign. Moreover, it also meets some of the terms and theoretical conditions which fundamentally recognize the qualifications. Nonetheless, the authenticity of its self-government has been disputed by some countries, especially, the European powers. It is against this background that this paper examines the legal requirements that are needed for Palestine to fully claim her independence. Palestine Statehood Palestine has been grappling with the challenge of gaining considerable acceptance since World War One. Although some nations assert that Palestine is autonomous and should be given the essential acceptance, some are indisposed and fail to recognize that position. For example, “both the US and Israel do not recognize the sovereignty of Palestine” (Brownlie 31). Israel often criticizes Palestine for enduring to duplicate a historical Palestine on their maps that leaves out the Country of Israel. It is worth noting that the presence of distinct precincts does not necessarily mean that a country exists and vice versa. Besides, “some commentators declare that the West Bank, Jerusalem East, the Gaza Strip
Introduction Both Ernest Hemingway and John Steinbeck are well-known American modernist authors of the twentieth century, whose works represent the urgent social issues of the era in which they lived. Protagonists created by the authors embody general perceptions of the modern man of that period, his or her dreams and aspirations, and internal struggles. Though from their subjective point of view, writers empower their protagonists with virtues that were respected at that time. In The Chauffeurs of Madrid, Hemingway through Hipolo represents how a man should behave in the face of war, whereas in The Chrysanthemums , Steinbeck portrays the struggle of a modern woman for equality through Elisa. The given essay compares and contrasts the images of Elisa and Hipolito as people of the first half of the twentieth century. Main body Both Elisa and Hipolito perform their work skillfully; it is highlighted that they are good at what they are doing. Hemingway depicts Hipolito as a diligent and punctual chauffeur by saying “and if you told him to show up at six a.m., he was there ten minutes before the hour” (289). Hipolito is calm and accurate, and “as solid as the rock he looked to be cut from”, which speaks to the quality of his character rather than the constitution (Hemingway 289). Elisa, in turn, is an awesome gardener, which is reflected in her strong chrysanthemum crop. She approaches her gardening with exceptional energy, which indicates that she loves what she does. A particular appreciation of her gardening skills is expressed in her husband’s words “you’ve got a strong new crop coming” and “you’ve got a gift with things” (Steinbeck 2). Therefore, it may be assumed that both authors perceive a modern man to be good at his or her job. However, Hemingway goes beyond the professional qualities of Hipolito and praises his bravery and courage by saying that when men like Hipolito fight they always win due to their resilience, fortitude, and perseverance (289). This is a turning point in the story, as Hipolito is no longer represented as a civilian chauffeur, but as a specimen of courage, valor, and persistence. Hemingway portrays him as “not romanti
Introduction Contemporary art has received much critique from ordinary people who sometimes see it on social media. The main argument in this dissatisfaction is that modern art is too polarized or makes little sense while bearing no artistic beauty. However, it can be said that art has always been a device for reflecting on politics and expressing someone’s cultural values or rioting against the establishment. From this point of view, art still has its significance in the modern world; artists use new forms to express their ideas that do not comply with conventional demands for it. As such, Ai Weiwei is an exciting artist who could benefit our institution if he happens to visit it. Main body Personally, I find Ai Weiwei’s personality and artistic expression impactful and valuable. Since the artist comes from China, he has an authentic view of that country from the inside and can bring his knowledge into exquisite form. Weiwei has always considered the nowadays regiment in the country oppressive and the actions of its officials inhumane. The meaning of human rights and the destiny of the Chinese people are of primary significance for the artist, so many of his works reflect the issues that Weiwei recognizes and wants to eliminate. I think that acting against the regiment that oppresses your native country in a peaceful way of artistic expression is courageous and deserves respect. One of the most famous artworks of Ai Weiwei concerns the matters of individuality and the masses. Namely, “Sunflower Seeds” consists of numerous ceramic seeds brought together for the installation. Each element was created individually by craftsmen from China, where porcelain production has always been a traditional craft (Tate, n.d.). The work represents the Chinese people who are very similar to each other and yet are unique individuals that, in their masses, have great power. Moreover, Weiwei criticizes the modern approach of the Chinese market that abandoned the traditional individual crafts of decent goods to embrace the mass production of items for Western consumers. Thus, the work is not only the result of a laborious creation process but an expression of a valuable social idea of a person who cares about his people. The artworks of Ai Weiwei,
Background The way a woman handles a birth is determined on a large part by her cultural background, and cultural values are present in every aspect of the gestation and the parturition and determine the way she will conduct herself in the run-up and during the parturition [Callister et al. 1999; Cassar 2006]. In regards to the matter of perception and expression of pain, previous studies have suggested that Arab women expressed pain more than Jewish women [Weisenberg and Caspi, 1989]. However, the other studies have suggested that the expression of pain during delivery may not be a reliable indicator of the intensity of pain the patient is feeling; this may stem from cultural beliefs that condemn the expression of pain during delivery as a sign of weakness [Harrison, 1991]. Further studies suggested that the estimation of the intensity of pain that the patient is feeling by the obstetric team may be influenced by the ethnicity of its members; for example, Jewish obstetric practitioners were shown to estimate that Bedouin women intensity of pain was less than that of Jewish women [Sheiner, et al, 1999]. In regards to the judgment on the amount and type of pain-relieving medication to be used, other factors in addition to the ethnicity of the patient come into play; this includes the age and the parity of the patient, level of education and secularism, and the patients demand epidural anesthesia [Sheiner, 2000]. The study The study was carried out as part of a larger study of the cultural aspects surrounding childbirth among Arab and Jewish women in Israel [Rassin, et al, 2009]. The study involved filling out a 45 questions form which was specifically designed and covered the scope of the study. The participants were from Arabic and Jewish ethnicity but were all of the Israeli nationality; a total of 126 participants were chosen with each group being represented by 63 participants. The participants were engaged within the first three days post-partum and recruited into the study after agreeing to fill the questionnaire. The study was carried out in one of the largest hospitals in Israel between October 2006 and May 2009. The Results In regards to pain, the parameters of analysis included verbal expressions of pain ranging from moaning to yelling. Data was also analyzed in regards to the
African Americans as Victims Richard Wright depicts the life of the most vulnerable groups of African Americans. These are poor people who have to work hard and live in inhumane conditions. The author stresses that there are millions of such people. He reveals their story from the days of slavery to the 20 th century. It is clear that the author believes that African Americans are victims of the development of the US society. He claims that Africans were brought to the Americas as tools of white people’s enrichment. The author notes, “Our Black bodies were good tools that had to be kept efficient for toil” (Wright 25). The picture on page 24 illustrates this opinion. Three people gathering cotton are depicted. They are bent, and they have to drag enormous sacks filled with cotton. The author notes that African Americans “rose and struck angrily for freedom… in two’s and three’s” or they “rose by thousands” (Wright 25). However, ‘the Lords of the Land’ had the necessary mechanisms to suppress the revolts and make African Americans work hard and be silent. White Americans had numerous tools to achieve such goals. They had mobs, and they also had numerous laws that justified the world order established. The photograph mentioned above reveals this world order as the poor workers are bent under the pressure of landowners. African Americans have no other choice than to work hard and hope. They see nothing more than the field and their wretched dwellings. Admittedly, poor African Americans are victims of the system and the world order that existed in the past. They were brought to another continent with established rules. They did not have any tools to struggle against landowners. They could only try to commit suicide or run away and hope that they would never be caught. These people were in constant fear as landowners, mobs, and even white American laborers were ready to attack them. Poor slaves and their descendants did not have anyone to trust or rely on in the hostile American society. They remained absolutely armless for more than a century. Living Conditions in the North It is necessary to note that the author also depicts the life of African Americans who lived in the North. Those were free people, but they were as vulnerable as slaves in the South were. The author provides many facts that reveal the wretched life of African Americans in urban settings. Numerous photographs provide clearer insights into the life and vulnerability of poor people. The photographs on pages 76 and 77 as well as the one on page 65 show the conditions African Americans had to live in. Poor people had to live in tiny and crammed rooms and houses. The furniture was hard enough, and it was all very old and deteriorated. The boy depicted in the photograph on page 77 has to sleep in the bed that is likely to go to pieces within days. The photograph revealing children sitting at the table that is covered with newspapers instead of a tablecloth is also quite suggestive. More so, newspapers are used instead of wallpaper as well. It is clear that African Americans did not have appropriate conditions for living. They hardly ha
Levels Decision making Organization levels that comprise of strategic, management, knowledge, and operational levels of the organization classify decision-making. Strategic decision-making determines the objectives, resources, and policies of the organization. Management level decision making controls the efficiency and effectiveness utilization of resources and the performance of operational units (Davenport 236). Knowledge level decision making evaluates new ideas for products, services, ways to communicate new knowledge and ways to distribute information throughout the organization. Operational level decision-making decides on the specific tasks specified by upper and middle management establishes the criteria for completion and allocation of resources. These levels classify decisions into structured, semi structured, and unstructured decisions (Tarn 22). Structured Decisions Organizations operate following specific set routines governed by certain set decisions. According to …………., the decisions that ensure routine running of the firm are structured because they oversee the running of an organization under situations that are established. All data is entered as transactions take place during the running of the company. The data stored provides clerical workers and operational managers with date-to-date information. For instance, customer’s ability to receive credit is determined by a lower level supervisor according to the predetermined criteria (Tarn 24). Semi-Structured They are decisions made according to the provided routine summary and exceptions reports. The data used include existing corporate data and data flows that is present and past data. For example, decision support system helps managers to make decisions on the unique, rapidly changing and emergent decisions concerning the market. They use external sources such as the current stock prices or product price of competitors. They use a variety of models to analyze data or condense large amounts of data into a form analyzable by the decision makers. They are designed in a way that the user can work with it directly. The system has user-friendly software in such a way that the user can change assumptions and ask new questions (Tarn 34). Unstructured decisions They are non-routine decisions in which the decision maker must provide judgment, evaluation, and insights into the problem definition, and there is no agreed upon procedure for making such decisions. For example, knowledge workers system helps knowledge workers in the creation and integration of new knowledge in the organization. Knowledge workers hold formal universities degrees or a recognized profession like engineers, doctors, scientists and lawyers (Davenport 317). Their job in the organization is to create new information and knowledge, promote the creation of new knowledge, and ensure that new knowledge and expertise are properly integrated into the business. However, data workers have less formal, advanced educational degrees and tend to
Washington, DC is the place where it is always interesting to be, to listen to other people conversions, and to enjoy the sights offered to the tourists, and Neighborhood Heritage Trails provides people with a number of magnificent opportunities to understand better the nature of the place and get involved into its rich history. I took the Mid-City at the Crossroads: Shaw Heritage Trail for several reasons: my past was closely connected to this place, and my task was to choose the place rich in history. While traveling this trail I recall some places I visited and never knew the history behind it. The stories of African American people serve the basis of the neighborhood as well as inabilities of people of God to get affordable homes, cope with racial inequalities and immigrant challenges. Though our history is rich in magnificent achievements, amazing discoveries, and memorable dates, it is crucially important to remember about the dark side of the way to success and admit the challenges and problems which had to be overcome by ordinary people who built our history. One of the major arguments claimed by the trail creator was about Shaw, a neighborhood built for native citizens and for newcomers to become their home. For a long period of time, this neighborhood was mostly a rural part of the city. The Seventh Street was the first street where the first roads appeared. This street is known as the one that connected many significant parts at the same time: Maryland farms, Pennsylvania Center Market, and Washington docks. Within a short period, the Seventh Street was preoccupied with numerous stores and shops which promoted the market industry and provided various people with the same opportunities to achieve success in life and business. Many doctors and shopkeepers got chances to live in three-story buildings. These buildings became their homes as well as their business centers. It was convenient, cheap, and effective. However, a number of changes and challenges appeared during the Civil War. Citizens who could not find good job were eager to join the rebellion troops and deserve the place under the sun. The brave colonel Robert Gould Shaw tried to achieve justice during the war and help weak and poor people to be respected, still, in his attempt to conquer Fort Wager, he was killed. His image became a holy point in the history and the name for the place, where people tried to win inequality the way Mr. Shaw tried. There are several subjects of the tour, and each piece of the story I heard was an amazing travel to the past where our history and our lives were developed. Still, the most amazing fact that touched my mind and my soul was the one about the nature of the district I was in. Shaw is always considered as the place between many other places. It was a kind of motto for our trip during which this phrase was supported many times. There are several proofs for the chosen argument, and almost all of them are connected with our history: black people got chances to live in accordance with their own principles and interests in the chosen district; a number of migrants were able to find