ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background The function of the skin is to provide an extreme barrier against bacterial infection. In each day, many bacteria are in contact with the skin and they may cause an infection. The bacteria infection also can range from a small spot to a massive part of the body. In addition, some infections have been reported to be harmless and others life-threatening (Magnussen 1991; Stulberg, Penrod & Blatny 2002, pp. 119–24). The two common bacteria that infect the skin are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. However, research has indicated the likelihood of skin infections in some particular groups of people (Wannamaker 1970, pp. 23-31). For instance, diabetic patients have poor blood circulation to the feet and hands, and white blood cells are unable to fight infections due to high sugar levels. In addition, people with low immunity are likely to get infected than their counterparts. Introduction Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection, the fourth most common dermatological skin disorder in children seen in general practice. Impetigo is a type of skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes or both (Koshi 1982, pp. 11-4; Ruoff, Whiley & Beighton 2003). The major symptoms brought about by impetigo are scabby skin; the sores are yellow-crusted and in some patients, the sores contain blisters filled with yellowish fluid. Impetigo is a common infection mostly affecting children. It can affect any part f the body although it mostly affects the arms, feet and face. The blisters formed are called bullous impetigo and occur in varying sizes from pimple-like to large balls which may last for several days or weeks. Although impetigo may affect normal skin, most commonly affected skin had previously been injured, insect bitten, sun-burned or fungal infected. Other environmental factors suggested to have contributed to impetigo infection include moist conditions and poor hygiene. Recent research has demonstrated that some individuals are nasal carriers. Nasal carriers have Staphylococcus bacteria in their nose which cause no harm (Procop & Wilson 2001, pp. 1589–601). However, they may accumulate and cause repeated infections in some individuals and others. What’s more, impetigo infections are itchy and to some extent painful. The slight itchy skin turns to a considerable scratching which leads to skin breakage and contributes to more spread of the infection. This is because impetigo is extremely contagious to other areas of the body as well as to other people. The clusters of sores typically rapture and a yellow-colored crust develop over them. In addition, a case of bullous impetigo has been reported to be similar except that the sores in some individuals may enlarge to form painful blisters. When the blisters burst, a large base is eventually exposed which becomes covered by yellow-colored varnish or crust. Impetigo is diagnosed by the appearance of rashes. Laboratory diagnosis. The diagnosis of infectious skin disease requires the combination of a number of laboratory and pathological tests. This involves microbiological cultures for isolation and for identifying the causative organisms in addition to a
Abstract This paper provided comments on the development and application of a high-resolution thin-film probe. There are several application revealed with development of thin-film probe, and the applications of thin-film probe revealed that it has several importance over conventional method. An experimentation method conduct revealed that thin probe could produce trace width ranging from 100 μm to 5 μm. Experimental method with measurement of thin film magnetic sector will be conducted with scanning process, and this will enhance techniques of measuring magnetic field. However, future research is needed on greater measurement techniques. Index : Thin-film probe , High resolution, magnetic field, micro wave devices. Introduction D evelopment and application of High-resolution thin-film magnetic field probe has been in the centre of research in the past few decades because of the major significant, that high-resolution thin field magnetic can contribute for debugging of electromagnetic compatibility problems. While, its application has also been useful for distribution of high frequency integrated circuit (IC), studies have revealed that development and standards of magnetic films materials and devices have been widely applicable for data storage, and application of magneto-electronics. Its components for the application in magnetic microwave devices have been due to magnetic solid-state memory. Despite its wide application, studies have revealed that there are still challenges in the application and development of magnetic field probes. For example, there are challenges of obtaining accurate measurements of magnetic field, and there can be influence of the electric field in the reduction of shielding structure. Typically, previous researches have revealed the complications in the development of magnetic thin films for example, development of multi layer system within 4 to 10 elements has been a major challenge, where efficient systematic development of magnetic for advanced thin-film systems. The objective of the research proposal is to examine comments on Development and Application of a High-Resolution Thin-Film Probe. Studies have revealed that improved spatial resolution can enhance application of thin-film probe compared to a conventional loop probe. [1][2]. However, there is need review related literatures to establish the comments on the application of Development and Application of a High-Resolution Thin-Film Probe. Literatures review Limited literatures have examined the development and application of a high-resolution thin-film probe. Research conducted by Sato, Ogiwara, and Suzuki reveal that to realise high-resolution resistance measurement, there is need to develop four point
Some customers do not return confirmations, so alternative procedures must be followed. The alternative procedures aim to define – appealing to methods that are not primary – if the unconfirmed invoice was not a fictitious one (Accounting Tools, 2021). If there is no required confirmation, the approaches below may be considered to validate and evaluate the individual trades that make up the final receivable balance. First is the subsequent cash disbursements. The auditor reviews the evidence of receipt of money after the date of confirmation, notification of transfers, as well as the data recorded in the register of cash receipts or even the following loans reflected in the analytical accounting of receivables (PCAOB, 2021). It should be admitted that checking evidence of subsequent cash disbursements is a beneficial alternative procedure since it is fair to suggest that the customer did not pay if the invoice was fictitious. Nevertheless, the present income does not say anything about whether this obligation was dated on the day indicated in the confirmation. This example can be met in the service sector more frequently. Second, it might be duplicate invoices for sales. They are useful in checking the reality of the invoice for implementation and the validity of the date of the invoice. Third, it is transport documents. They are important in establishing the fact of a shipment and in checking time allocations (Sherman, n.d.). The two latter examples can be easily met in the manufacturing sector. It seems reasonable to state that alternative procedures in the given framework are a good option to undertake, given the number of issues that they can address. It is generally best to follow these procedures in any case of an unconfirmed balance, even when the amount is immaterial.
Comparison and contrast Thucydides and Livy in regard to what they consider the proper objects of historical writing A lot of questions arise when reading the book by the historian of ancient Rome, Titus Livy, which is traditionally called “The History of Rome”, and, especially, after having read this book. The first question, is that how can we regard this book as historical writing, which was very popular for centuries if it is clearly seen that it doesn’t satisfy the demands which every serious work on history should correspond to? It is widely known, that sense of any serious research in the historical field is in comparing and analyzing facts and events of the past and finding logic which brings them together – whether these were economic, social or political events – and, relying on the founded sources, pointing this special place in the evolution of humanity where the society stands in the given epoch. It is quite clear that logic found in this way would characterize the society as better as deeper they tell about self-production during work, relations appearing because of it and the environment where it is realized. Livy’s book lacks all of the points – there’s nothing told about how the people lived, its labor, its evolution of social structure, even a hint of a tendency to notice a true reflection of genuine events in the story, no tendency to find out Rome’s peculiarities by means of comparing its history with the history of surrounding it states and people. Livy’s work is far from being perfect in methodological and research reproach, but can it be trusted in truth of the facts described in it? In other words, can Livy’s work play the role of a reliable historical source? It’s hard to answer this question. There are some missing parts in Livy’s work that were lost during the pass of time. These lost parts concern events of the second part of II century b.c. Livy is an important source, but sources are different from others. Every historian knows that at the root of every work must lie facts, and his first point to do is to compare writings and works of his predecessors to find the maximum of objective information, to find the most reliable sources and then start writing his book. Though, it seems that Livy avoided these rules. In surviving parts of his “The History of Rome”, 12 sources that were used for this work are listed, but Livy didn’t compare the facts written in each of them, he just noted different opinions. For example, he said that in 204 years Senate decided to send the most virtuous citizen to meet the image of Agdistis and chose for this purpose Publius Scipius, and then Livy adds: “What his merits made Senate ta
Abstract This paper will focus on the book titled “Young gifted and black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students”. The paper will start with an analysis of the most interesting parts of the book covered by each of the three authors and then proceed to look at African-American philosophy of education versus academic excellence of the performance of African-Americans. Changes in the understanding of achievement gap will last be analysis before the paper culminates with a recommendation of what schools should do differently to promote the achievement of African-American students Interesting bits in the book Young gifted and black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students This book is educational masterpiece authored by award winning scholars of African American Origin. The book is critical analysis of African American student’s academic success and life in school. The book is made up of three different essays each by a different person. The first essay is authored by Theresa Perry and she focuses on the theory of achievement by African Americans. The part essay starts with a description of the excellence of the black Americans who took part in the program dubbed education opportunity. The most interesting thing about this part of the essay is the mixture of the academic excellence of the African Americans is schools and academic programs with the many hardships like poverty, illiterate parents, racism and many other variables that do not impede their achievement in education. She claims that African American experience is related to African American achievement and this understanding will help in theory education from an African American point of view (Perry, Steele & Hilliard, 2003) The other interesting part of the essay is her exposition of the African American philosophy of education which she sums up as the lived experiences of the people of that race riddled by struggle, denied opportunities and racism. According to her, this is the influences that motivate the philosophy of education of the African American. What empowers the reader in the understanding of her message is the use of various narratives in the modern sense that strike with the target audience. Some of the narratives cover the experiences of legends such as Malcolm X, Angelou
Lancelets are fish-like organisms from the chordate family. A lancelet’s most prominent feature is its notochord, an evolutionary trait that is synonymous with the chordates. A lancelet is made up of fluid-filled large cells and they give form to this organism by making it flexible and rigid. The notochord is the part that is responsible for providing support to a lancelet’s body. The form of a lancelet has “a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a tail that extends beyond the anus and a dorsal supporting rod called the notochord” (Heimberg 2950). When they are in their natural habitats lancelets usually burry a half of their body in the sand thereby leaving the other half exposed for feeding purposes. Although lancelets resemble fish, they belong to the category of invertebrates. A lancelet does not have eyes, a brain, bones, or a true skeleton. However, years of evolution have “given the organism a cartilage-like material for stiffening its gill slits, mouth, and tail” (Holland 26). This report offers a biological analysis of lancelets, their adaptations, environment, and selection pressures. The organism was chosen for the report mainly because of its unique adaptations. The organism also presents peculiar traits that are not common among other invertebrates.
The last two weeks especially around February 24-26 have seen the approval rating of Barrack Obama surging to highs of 67% of the total American population according to Gallup opinion poll. This occurred despite the soaring economic problems in the United States. Most of the respondents (84%) attributed the down fall in the economy to the previous regime’s poor economic policies hence, supporting President Barrack Obama. Only 7% of the respondent considered Obama’s administration as having failed. Of all the respondents, polls conducted during February 24-26 indicated that 90% of Democrats supported Obama, 62% of independent also supported Obama’s administration and 42% of Republicans offered their support up from 27% from the previous poll. The increase in his approval was attributed to his Congressional speech that was well received by majority of Americans who regained confidence in Obama’s efforts to stabilize the economy and create more jobs. The increase was high among the Republicans and the Independents whose approval rating increased by15% and 8% respectively. Prior to this poll, his approval had fallen to lows of 59% during the February 18-20 polls. However, this decline was not coupled with disapproval but with most respondents offering no opinion at all. Therefore, the increase in approval can be attributed to these groups of people expressing their opinions by supporting Obama once again. This could be seen in the decline in the percentage of people having no opinion on Obama’s administration. The latest poll revealed by NBC News indicates that Americans still have faith in Obama’s administration especially on the economic stimulus plan. However, the percentage has reduced to 63% of the total population. The decrease is as a result of Republicans withdrawing their support; that is, from 42% in the last poll to 30% in the latest poll. However, Democrats support is still high with 92% of Democrats approving Obama’s administration. The reason behind the Republicans withdrawing their support is due to the bi-partisan politics played by President Obama on the urging the Congress to pass the economic bill and the stimulus bill. Most of the Republicans viewed this as if it is a political issue of the Democrats. However, despite the decline, majority of U.S population still have faith in Obama’s Iraq policy which he intends to remove American’s soldier in Iraq by 2010. This poll saw 80% support of Obama in regards to this policy. Most people approving Obama’s administration are the Democrats who believe in his policies. This has been shown by a whooping 92% approval in the latest polls. The approval is followed by the independents and lastly
Introduction Machine learning algorithms are very important in providing real value attributes. Other benefits derived from such machine algorithms include handling of missing values as well as those of symbolic approach. Algorithms with such attributes include K* among others. It refers to an instance-based learner that applies entropy in its distance measure. It also has the advantage of comparing favorably with other machine based learning algorithms. Classifying objects have been utilized over the years by all categories of researchers throughout the world. The task is very involving as some data become noisy and can as well have irrelevant attributes, which makes it difficult to learn from. To achieve this, several approaches and schemes have been tried, these include decision trees, rules and case based classifiers, among others. Real valued features have presented an enormous challenge to instance based algorithm. This was mainly because of inadequate information on theoretical background. K* uses distance measure to examine performance on different problems. There are two ways of Data mining; these are either through supervised or unsupervised methods. The former describes methods that identify target variables while the latter does not. In essence these algorithms identify structures as well as patterns in variables. The main methods utilized in data mining, which are unsupervised, include clustering and association rule, among others. However, it is important to note that most data mining methods, as explained above, are supervised, meaning that they have targeted variables. These include those named above such as decision trees, K-nearest neighbor and neural network, among others. This paper will explore two of those algorithms, that is, the K* and K-nearest neighbor algorithms (Cleary 2-14). K* K* is an instance based learner, which uses distance based measure to classify variables by examining their performance on a variety of problems. These learners classify instances by comparing them to other databases which entail pre-classified
Yoyogi national stadium Yoyogi national stadium is sports arena located in Tokyo, Japan. The stadium was designed by architect from Japan Kenzo Tange to house a gymnasium, basketball court and an Olympic standard size swimming pool as mentioned by James Turnbull. The stadium is a grand example of modern architecture in japan. (Kenzo Tange 1964) Pictures of Yoyogi national stadium from Wikimedia commons.file: Yoyogi stadium jpg Materials used and its special features The Yoyogi stadium consists of a 1 st stadium and a second which hosts aquatics and basketball games.Above it is a suspension roof structure which is similar to a bridge.The suspension roof has two main cables span 126m in between, the two main columns and 65 m outside them in the longitudinal direction. Also the roof above it covers a circular plan of 120m diameters. The second stadium also has a circular plan with a diameter of 65m.It is looks similar to the first stadium the only difference being that it has only one column from the top of which the main pipe runs down in a spiral like shape to the anchorage. Kenzo Tange erected a central structural supporting spine from which the piece of work and the roof originate. The suspension roof top has two large steel cables which are of approximately 14” in diameter are (Kenzo Tange 1964). Architect Kenzo constructed the gymnasium with a combination of steel, aluminum, glass and concrete blend which he mainly used. The stadium design gave an idea to the architectural design of the 1972 Olympic park in Munich. It has been considered as one of the 10 most beautiful stadiums in the world.The main gymnasium hosts a capacity of 13,291 in the first gymnasium while in the second gymnasium a capacity of 3,202. (Kenzo Tang) The Igloo in Greenland Julian Ogina describes an igloo as a type of shelter built of snow, originally built by the Inuit. The construction was originally built mainly to insulate the house.The igloo was also used as a hunting ground by the Eskimos. The snow acts as an air insulator as a result temperatures are warmer than the outside due to the insulation. An igloo is not only restricted to snow but can also be built by even tents. Joan oglin mentions three types of igloos, the smallest which was a temporary shelter for one night. The second one is intermediate sized which was for accommodating the family and then the largest igloos which was mainly modeled from several smaller igloos attached by channels and had an exit.The large igloo played as a host to traditional dances and community celebrations.( Igloo 2012. Encyclopedia Britannica Online) Picture and research. An igloo’s snow brick laying method. The fine snow used, must have enough physical strength to be cut and piled as required. Materials used and its special features The igloo in Greenland is mai