ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The initial attempts to make the mobile phone an electronic wallet can be traced to the efforts by Nokia around 1997 (Leavitt 2010). In that year the Company (Nokia) made attempts to allow people purchase soft drinks from vending machines through the use of Short Messaging Services (SMS). Soon after that initial effort another Finnish company, Merita Bank, offloaded the first mobile banking system based on SMS (Leavitt 2010). A mobile payment system is one that facilitates transfer of funds securely for purchase of goods through a mobile phone based application (Quigley 2008).However, mobile payment systems did not make the expected impact owing to the fact that the use of wireless devices was still not widespread and the GUI’s for most of these initial devices were poorly designed (Leavitt 2010). Technological advancement has seen the production of smart phones with many capabilities and significant changes in the capacity and bandwidth on the cellular networks around the world. Further dissatisfaction associated with credit card fees has worked to further increase the propensity towards mobile payment options. Currently through the use of smart phones there are applications to make purchases such as music and videos possible online. It is in light of this that an innovation such as a comprehensive mobile payment system may go a long way in reducing the complexities associated with transfer of cash in Abu Dhabi. Such a system could be useful in activities such as the collection of charitable donations, purchase of air time, utility bill payment and mobile banking. In this project the objective is the creation of a mobile payment system for use in Abu Dhabi. The proposed system could be used to pay for services such as taxi fare, make purchases and pay utility bills. The system could be especially useful for visitors as the region is typically inhabited by an Arab speaking population (Middle East Hub). Factors in Favor of the Innovation Prior to making a decision on the innovation it was essential to establish the viability of the project. In this regard it was noted that the revenue fro telecommunications in UAE rose from $ 2.7 to $3.1 million between 2000 and 2004 (Shirazi & Rogers 2008). This data suggests that there has been an increase in the usage of telecommunication in the period and it is likely that the increase is bound to be sustained over time with the emergence of new technology in cellular networks. In addition to that it was observed that the number that the number of mobile phone subscribers rose from below 10 per 100 people to almost 80 per 100 people over the duration between 1995 and 2003 (See fig 1). Based on this it is possible to conclude that the penetration of mobile phones within the Abu Dhabi area is very widespread given that it is the largest of the emirates. Another factor that may favor the innovation of a mobile phone passed payment application in Abu Dhabi is based on the fact the region has a
Introduction Langston Hughes has been credited as being too much of an optimist in his written work. His poems voice his anger, fear, insecurity, and the topic of death. However, regardless of the evil he tries to portray, his poems introduce positive and apologetic aspects that overshadow the initial view of evil. It is as if he wants to expose his deeper feelings, but is afraid of what others might think of him if he does. Hughes is torn between his personal emotional state and how he wants to be perceived by others. Several of his poems reflect his flawed sense of evil, these include Cross, The Weary Blues, Theme for English B, Dinner Guest: Me, Harlem (Dream Deferred), Formula, Lenox Avenue: Midnight, Song for a Dark Girl, Red Silk Stockings, I, Too, and The Negro
Job analysis is a systemic process that is usually performed by a member of the Human Resources department or a job analyst to gather information about the content and human requirements of a job. The final product of job analysis is a comprehensive job description. To be specific, job analysis is aimed at defining why a job exists, what a worker needs to perform a job successfully, and when and how a job is to be performed (“Job Analysis,” n.d.) The objectives of job analysis include determining the most effective strategies for performing a job, improving the level of employee satisfaction, defining the best way to train employees, and developing systems to measure employee performance. The procedures that are supported by job analysis include employee training, personnel selection, job evaluation, and performance appraisal. Comprehensive job analysis is crucial for workforce planning and strategic workforce development as it gives detailed information on each position. Periodic job analysis enables the human resource department and the leadership team of a company to thoroughly understand all the components of certain jobs. This facilitates analyzing the resources and establishing the best strategies to obtain the goals and objectives of an organization. According to Mayhew (2018), job analysis can be especially helpful in reorganization and the eventual restructuring of the business. If comprehensively elaborated, job analysis may serve as a helpful and effective tool in hiring a qualified and skilled workforce. The steps that should be taken to conduct a successful job analysis include identifying the jobs that are to be analyzed; determining the methods for collecting information on a job. When the job analysis methods are implemented, the data should be carefully reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. An effective job analysis should contain the following elements: duties and tasks, the working environment, tools and equipment needed to perform a job, the hierarchy of an organization, and all the requirements to a position. If an element is missing from job analysis, it may cause difficulties in workforce planning and development. Advantages of an observation method of collecting data include getting direct firsthand information, the possibility to verify information from other sources, and simplicity in use. However, this method is time-consuming, may bias employee performance, and require particular skills from an observer. Also, it should be mentioned that defining its validity may be a problematic task. Interview, in turn, enables a job analyst to get information on cognitive and psychomotor processes (which is difficult to observe) and examine qualitative data. On the other hand, conducting a successful interview may require an experienced interviewer and well-thought-out questions. Apart from that, all the data obtained is subjective, that is why it should be verified. Another method to collect data for the job analysis is a questio
Introduction Fig. 1. Minoan stone vase. The Minoan stone vase shaped like a flower or the “blossom bowl” (Fig. 1) was produced between 1700 and 1450 BC in Crete during the Minoan era ( “Stone vase shaped like a flower.” ). The vessel is peculiar for the sophistication of its forms and its artful fulfillment. These characteristics are traditional for the Minoan culture largely influenced by the sublime vision of financially secure citizens inhabiting Crete those days. Overall, the evaluation of parameters of the stone vase along with its cultural significance suggests that Minoan culture is the synthesis of values promoted by the Minoan Cretan civilization that are wealth accumulation and facilitation of luxurious environment. Description The stone vase under consideration is remarkable for the combination of exalted aesthetics and pragmatism. Its dimensions are quite significant and amount to 12 cm in height and 24 cm in diameter ( “Stone vase shaped like a flower.” ). The color of the object is the natural hue of grey, which can be explained by the fact that it is produced of stone extracted from Aegean rocks. The actual medium utilized for the object is the natural stone called serpentine ( “Stone vase shaped like a flower.” ). When polished, this stone has a decorative surface of glossy look. The lines of the vase can be described as well-rounded and facile. The dominant shape of the piece is the six-petalled flower. Even nowadays, vases of the six-petalled shape are popular among the public and they
Introduction As a genre of music, Jazz has been very difficult to define relative to other genres of music. This difficulty arises due to its ever-evolving nature that allows it to borrow from other genres and fuse different musical styles yet maintaining its identity. Jazz has been identified with its origin in America as a black man’s music due to its origin with the black American who developed it and used it as a tool for identity. The difference between jazz and other music genres is that each jazz musician usually comes up with his or her own style and composition through the beats and arrangement of the different musical keys. Although people identify it as a very simple music that can be easily listened and followed by any individual without any musical background, it also comes out as a very complex kind of music due to the way the beats are arranged and played out. Listening to jazz creates different kinds of feelings in an individual. The paper presents a description of jazz music based on a concert performance I attended. Effects of Performance on the Mind Listening to jazz performance gives different feelings to the listener depending on the type of jazz music being played and the mood of the individual listener. Listening to soul jazz leaves a very different feeling within a person because of the way the music plays to the ears and the mind of the individual. When jazz is played, it takes away all the attention of the individual. Therefore, one is able to concentrate on every single beat that is being played. The uniqueness of jazz to the mind comes about from the nature of many jazz compositions, which are unique to each individual composer (Stolz 2). After listening to a soul jazz performance, the writer finds that there was calmness at first in the mind of the writer as he kept on listening to the initial beats while trying to connect the rhythm of the specific play. This brought about the serenity of mind that is usually associated with inner peace. One element about jazz music is that it takes few moments of an individual to pick up the rhythm and the beats before he or she can start enjoying the music. Therefore, it requires one to be attentive at first, thus calling the listener to shut everything else to give the wholes stage of the mind to the music. Going to listen to a jazz performance, the writer did not have any predetermined reactions expected from the music other than to listen and plainly enjoy the evening. In the performed piece, the main instruments were the Hammond organ, drums, and the tenor saxophone (Longuet-Higgins and Lee 427). When played, the Hammond organ brought about a tranquil ambience that would be disrupted by the saxophone to draw the attention of the audience to the work being done on the stage. When soul jazz is played out, it creates a nostalgic mood that reminds the writer of some past moments of life. It creates a memory lane that one walks through as the beats play out. The monotonic beat of drums holds the whole memory lane narrative as the saxophone leads the mind. Moods and Expectations The expectations of t
During the last several decades, a considerable growth of the soybean industry is observed in the United States. On the one hand, this progress promotes the creation of new working places and feeding opportunities because of the qualities of this legume, its compounds, and cultivating issues. On the other hand, such agricultural expansion is a serious global environmental concern that contributes to further deforestation. Despite the existing gaps, one fact remains unchangeable: to be properly cultivated and produced, soy needs much land. Even if farmers offer their land for soybean production, they continue using forested areas for their own purposes, making soybean an indirect but dangerous deforestation cause. Effective certification plans and land-use strategies for soy production have to be developed to protect natural areas and local forests from clear-cutting. In this project, several important terms have to be recognized. Soybean is a legume crop that is rich in proteins and oil. Deforestation is a process of clearing the land for various industrialized purposes. Soy Moratorium (SoyM) is an agreement enacted in July 2006 and signed by sellers not to buy soy that was grown on deforested land. All these terms will be used in this paper to clarify how soybeans cause deforestation in the modern world. Soybeans become a frequently used crop in many countries, including the United States. According to the article “Soybeans,” posted in the Union of Concerned Scientists, soybean is a crop the production of which continues gaining popularity with about 6% being used “directly into food products for human consumption” and 75% being used as “feed for chickens, pigs, cows, and farmed fish” . It is profitable to use land on its production without even thinking how this demand becomes a serious deforestation driver. It is not difficult to grow soy in new environments in a short period of time. Economists and planters collaborate to identify additional areas for soybean production, neglecting the threat of elimination of rainforests and the inability for researchers to find out new ways of cultivating this plant. The chosen business brings certain profits and invites more new stakeholders to be their potential buyers. It is just unreasonable for modern businesspeople to search for alternatives for the already effective activity. Another concern about soybean production and deforestation is the control by the government. In “Soy Moratorium Impacts on Soybean and Deforestation Dynamics in Mato Grosso, Brazil” by Jude H. Kastens, J. Christopher Brown, Alexandre Camargo Coutinho, Christopher R. Bishop, and Júlio César D. M. Esqu
In the American history, one of the most popular Nobel Laureate economists, as well as, public intellectual has been Milton Friedman. According to the history, economic independence was one of the major objectives that were targeted and work was done accordingly during his lifetime. Briefly, economic history, micro, as well as, macroeconomics, and statistics related fields have been contributed mainly by Friedman. In the year 1976, the Nobel memorial Prize was honored to him in the field of economic sciences. One of the reasons of rewarding the abovementioned award was the field of consumption analysis that has been chiefly contributed and full of his achievements. Moreover, history and theories related to the finance and economics have been contributed by his accomplishments. Specifically, complexity of stabilization policy has been efficiently demonstrated by Friedman, which has been considered as one of the basic pillars of his success in the abovementioned fields. In the second half of the twentieth century, most of the economists and experts have considered Milton Friedman as one of the most influential and dominant personalities in the fields of economics, as well as, other related fields. Some experts have deemed Friedman as one of the innovative economists since the last century, as pioneering and original theories related to materialism had been introduced and provided by him during his lifetime. In addition, Milton Friedman has written a number of books related to the economics that have been greatly appreciated in the market (Ebenstein, pp. 23-27, 2007). For instance, role of government was discouraged in a free market by Milton in his book, Capitalism and Freedom. In other words, political and social autonomy was projected, and reduction of government’s role was targeted as a direct proportional to each other, which influenced a number of economists around the world. In the year 1980, working of free market was explained efficiently by
Introduction This part will include a detailed description of the techniques and algorithms of recommender systems on the Web. We will be also including diagram for each individual techniques as well as tables to compare between the techniques based on knowledge impression. Technical aspects of web recommender systems Recommendation systems are basic aspects of the current collaborative Web era that complement search engine algorithms in information discovery. Nowadays, most of the web-based businesses uses search engine algorithms to discover information. In addition, these websites uses information filtering methods to propose products and services to a customer like a “Virtual” salesperson (Liu, Dolan, & Pedersen nd, p. 1; Kabore 2012, p.14). The recommendation systems is considered as an information filters that understand user’s preference and characteristics and based on that it predict future behavior of a user. In this section, we will describe recommender systems techniques and algorithms as well as a framework of existing researches in recommendation systems that focus on how to apply recommender systems techniques in web businesses (Vafopoulos & Oikonomou 2010, p. 5) The Classifications of Recommender Systems The idea of recommendations systems based on different researches is that it is assumed the existence of n+m dimensional space were N refers to users with n distinct feature which may request for M Web Goods with m distinct feature. In the simplest case, a single feature as unique identification describes Users and Web Goods, resulting into a two-dimensional space. The User-Web Good rating matrix represents the ratings given by the Users to Web Goods. The below table includes a list of symbolic representation of the variables in RS framework (Vafopoulos & Oikonomou 2010, p. 7). Source: (Vafopoulos & Oikonomou 2010, p. 7) Multiple recommender
Introduction The notion that women talk too much is nothing more than a myth. The idea is rooted in some historical and sociological contexts that will be discussed in further detail below. The Issues It is a generally agreed-upon fact that female and male genders have distinct linguistic differences between them. However, scholars’ opinions differ tremendously when the discussion shifts to lengths of conversations. Goshgarian believes that it is a misguided belief to assume that men talk less or that they are more objective in their speech than women. In fact, such thoughts are mere stereotypes that have gone on for years. It is not true that women are naturally or biologically inclined to talk more than men since no evidence points to this. Perhaps, the concept may have arisen out of unfair social practices that have yet to be fully weeded out. Several ancient sayings have reinforced this stereotype as well and while some of them may have been accurate in the past, it is now clear to see that this may no longer be the case. A survey carried out in New Zealand to investigate differences in the way men and women talk found that in fifty-one of the fifty-three studies done, men talked more than women. As if this is not enough, an analysis of formal seminars has also found that men tend to take over such meetings. Women only contribute to thirty-three percent of the conversations. Experts claim that similar patterns are often replicated in company meetings as well because men tend to talk down to women and this causes them to talk less. One of the reasons that cause this disparity between the genders is the issue of power. Men need to assert their status or power and there is no greater place to affirm this than in public gatherings. (Holmes 11) even though many western societies have empowered their women, there is overwhelming evidence to indi
Cultural appropriation is where by “Whites duplicate licensed property, social declarations, and customary learning from African culture without their authorization” (Hardy 73). The United States is one nation that cultural appropriation has significantly manifested itself. To this end, the US has for many years been christened a ‘melting pot.’ This is owed to the fact that the nation’s population is made up of people drawn from all over the world, coming with different cultures. As a consequence, Americans “who grow up in diverse communities may pick up the dialect, customs and religious traditions of the cultural groups that surround them” (Hardy 74). Cultural appropriation happens when a minority community is robbed off its culture by a more dominant group. This subject, in most cases, tends to make people who are socially conscious to frown. The unapproved utilization of an alternate culture includes dance, dress, music, dialect, old stories, food, customary medication, religious images, and so on. The cultural appropriation is destined to be hurtful when the source group is a minority group that has been persecuted or misused in different ways, or when the object of appropriation is especially delicate. Cultural appropriation is not alright. It is always accompanied by strains of bias, and on a bigger picture it amounts to racism. Also what makes cultural appropriation more incensing for non-White individuals is the way other individuals (Whites and non-Whites) can take off their costume and come back to regular life without the separation or disgrace normally connected with those cultural articulations. It is a fact that one may discover any components of an alternate culture or subculture to be sensational or even have an odd fixation or interest with it. Utilizing those representations is an affront that accompanies a long history and pattern of racial and ethnic segregation and preference. Elvis Presley was not the originator of rock and roll that featured Chuck Berry. Moreover, ‘Ice Baby,’ a hip-bounce melody produced by Vanilla was the first of the kind to top the charts of the great tracks of the time. Furthermore, Justin Timberlake successfully changed his genre of music from pop sensation to the heartfelt songs that are unlike his culture. Kreayshawn, the new White young lady rapper, is just the most recent result of culture appropriation. As such, one could easily argue that she is just trying to live with what contemporary hip-hop music has come to- “without substance, whack, sexualized and talentless” (Hardy 75). Would one say that she is appropriating Black culture or simply diluting it? One should not accept since she is realistic. Kreayshawn’s picture, how she conduc