ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Charlotte Bronte is a legendary novelist known for her great works fighting oppression and promoting women’s empowerment in society. Jane Eyre is one of Bronte’s famous books containing the societal views and criticism against women in the Victorian Era. The book’s publication occurs in 1847, a Victorian period with the most distinct gender disparities between men and women in society. Jane Eyre is considered a reflection of Bronte’s life experiences and challenges in overcoming society’s discrimination against gender and social classes. The book revolves around Jane’s life experiences from childhood to adulthood, shaping her character as resilient, straightforward, strong, and passionate about life. Jane opposes all laws and traditions that oppress women during the Victorian era to search for independence and self-realization. Therefore, this paper discusses some of the gender-oppressing rules during the Victorian era and how Bronte uses the self-realization journey of Jane Eyre in overcoming and standing against the societal traditions to become a heroine in the age of female inferiority. Education Victorian society did not advocate for women to receive a formal education, which was considered a man’s domain. Society disregards formal education for women believing that women are less intelligent; therefore, educating women is a waste of time and resources (Gökçek 148). In educating the males only, the society ensures women remain inferior to men in expressing opinions and decision-making concerning family and societal affairs. Education empowers individuals to be independent, open-minded, and idealistic, hence denying education to women since their opinion did not count in society. Victorian society defines an ideal woman as a husband’s ornament who should focus on domestic tasks and procreation to expand the family. However, Jane Eyre presents the opposite idea of a Victorian woman when she attends formal education. Although attending school is not what Jane anticipated in life, she prefers the school to her abusive family. She attends the Lowood schools and studies hard despite the challenges she faces from the school’s headmaster, Mr. Brocklehurst, who finds any given opportunity to punish her (Bronte 108). Through these challenges, Jane realizes the value of true friendship and self-worth and gains the strength to fight for her rightful position in society. The school enables Jane to pursue a career as a governess, giving her financial freedom and a sense of independence. Women were dependent on men in the Victorian culture; hence Jane’s independence shows her strength in fighting for freedom. Work In the Victorian Era, clear boundaries existed defining the role of men and women in society. The high-earning occupations were given to men since they had the best education and qualifications in handling occupational jobs. On the other hand, a woman’s role involved domestic tasks such as taking care of children, farming, and entertaining guests and their husbands (Gökçek 152). A Victorian woman was submissive and dependent on her husba
Outline The essay compares and contrasts the worldviews of Christianity, medieval Buddhist and Muslim on the aspect of death and afterlife and is covered as follows. Introduction Worldviews are the things that are thought and believed to be true and real. In determining ones worldview a number of things are considered. These include the prime reality, reality of the world around us, what the human beings are, the things that happen when a person dies, knowledge of right or wrong and the origin of human beings. These views affect the way human beings believe and behave, which in turn have consequences in the society (Exploring Christianity – truth.com, 2009). The Christians, Buddhists and Islam have worldviews that differ in various aspects while they are similar in others. This discussion therefore seeks to compare and contrast the aspect of the three religions. Christianity view on death and afterlife Christians generally believe in life after death, whether one had a good relationship with God or not, depending on the choices and actions one made in this world. Since the earthly body is made of materials that will eventually die, the soul goes to either hell for unbelievers or heaven for the believers, where they enjoy the presence of God and a life that is free from suffering and sin. In hell unbelievers or sinners will be subjected to severe punishment by eternal fire by the lord of sin and evil, Satan. However, views differ on the existence of hell and whether the punishment is spiritual or physical between denominations. Some like the Catholics believe in purgatory, a place that is temporary where the souls of Christians who died without confessing their sins will go until the prayers of the living deliver those (Medicapress, 1999 & Toropov & Buckles, 2004). Christians generally believe that God will raise all the people at the end of time when Jesus Christ will come for the second time to judge the world. Those that were sinners and unbelievers in their life will be raised to be shamed and hated while the believers will be go to heaven with God for ever. They also believe that Jesus Christ, son of God, was sent into the world to make all people believers and save them from sin by dying on the cross. Thus those who believe in him will be raised and taken to heaven where they will live forever (Exploring Christianity – truth.com, 2009). Muslims view on death and afterlife Like Christians, Muslims believe in life after death. They believe that people who die before Allah’s Day of Judgment are in barzakh or a state of waiting until that day. During the last day, God will open up all the graves of the Muslims and raise their bodies for the final judgment (Medicapress, 1999). During this day a person’s good deeds will be weighed against his/her bad ones and if the good are heavier than the bad one goes to heaven and if the bad outweigh the good deeds a person will go to hell. Ea
Tourism has remained a profitable economic activity in many destinations and countries. Tourism has the potential to produce positive economic developments and ideas. Many societies, nations, and communities have embraced the concept of sustainable tourism in order to benefit the most from it. Many scholars “have encouraged the idea of sustainable tourism because it respects the natural environment” (Wall & Mathieson, 2005, p. 18). Sustainable tourism promotes the best practices in order to conserve natural resources for posterity (Brida & Zapata, 2010). Cruise tourism has become common in many parts of the world. Cruise tourism is “a new phenomenon that can have numerous impacts on the natural environment” (Brida & Zapata, 2010, p. 206). This paper examines the discussions presented in the article “Cruise Tourism: Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Environmental Impacts” by Juan Gabriel Brida and Sandra Zapata. The Events Happening at the Destinations that Prompted the Article The authors of the above article focused on the issue of cruise tourism. The researchers wanted to examine several destinations that had recorded diverse changes due to cruise tourism. The article examined the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural implications of cruise tourism. The authors targeted specific destinations for the three phenomenons to come up with meaningful findings. The targeted destinations included “ports such as Cozumel, Alaska, and Miami” (Brida & Zapata, 2010, p. 211). According to the researchers, many destinations and ports were not complying with the stipulated Environmental Conservation Standards (ECSs). Most of the ships using the above ports failed to comply with different international policies. Some of these ports did not have effective infrastructure. However, the targeted destinations “promoted cruise tourism without analyzing the sustainability of the surrounding environment” (Brida & Zapata, 2010, p. 219). Most of the recreational activities embraced in such ports disturbed both plants and aquatic life. Littering and disturbance were common in targeted destinations (Brida & Zapata, 2010). The absence of appropriate environmental strategies affected the sustainability of each destination. Positive and Negative Consequences The study identified the negative environmental consequences associated with cruise tourism in the targeted ports. Many citizens in the United States were unhappy with the actions of different shipping companies. For instance, some individuals wanted such companies to act in a responsible manner. The government also imposed new laws and policies to monitor the actions of different companies. Most of the targeted port destinations were incapable of producing sustainable environments. This development made it impossible for many communities to benefit from the practice (Brida & Zapata, 2010). According to Brida and Zapata (2010), identified cruise erosion as a leading cause of soil erosion in the targeted destinations. The number of destroyed habitats was also on the rise. The practice was also consuming more geological sites in the targeted regions. Some ports were also under expansion thus destroying
Almost all people have dreams, and everyone wants to achieve their most critical aspirations one day. However, that one day everybody waits for eventually does not come as goals change or are forgotten, and the hope is lost. These themes of unfortunate outcomes and subdued societal values are heavily discussed in Marina Keegan’s essays. They may not be immediately spotted due to the metaphorical form of Keegan’s writings. However, her words, like “humans are afraid of helping humans,” give us a hint that she talks about societal issues (Keegan, “Keegan: Why We Care about Whales”). The writer’s powerful language features deep thought and spectacular discernment. Many of her pieces seem very different from each other. For instance, there is no apparent connection between whales and Yale graduates. However, upon careful inspection, it is clear that Keegan is very distressed about the status quo of the reality surrounding her. She wants to alter this state of affairs, yet is continuously forced into thinking that she is too unimportant to make any difference. Despite the presence of many opportunities and positive dreams and goals, most of them fail to be realized due to misleading values and aims set by surrounding society; this idea is present in almost all of Keegan’s works. The Author Keegan was an ambitious and enthusiastic person who believed that much could be done given that we have time. Unfortunately, she died when she was only twenty-two, leaving behind the many opportunities and dreams she wrote and talked about (“In Memory of Marina Keegan”). Her death is ironic as many of her pieces feature the theme of opportunities that are not used or goals that are not reached due to external factors. Despite her young age, Keegan was a writer with sophisticated thinking, who was able to discover the deep and hidden ideas in other writings (Hitt). However, her potential is never to be realized due to the events that are in someone else’s hands. Similarly to the fate of whales controlled by the Moon, events beyond our reach cause the loss of opportunities. Lost Opportunities and Forgotten Dreams At first glance, Keegan’s essays seem to be about personal experiences or considerations about environmental issues. Nevertheless, each of her stories is filled with the metaphor that can be related to an inability to make a difference, either due to society’s expectations or how people behave in general. In “Why we care about whales,” Keegan ponders why people care about whales and spend enormous amounts of financial resources to save them, but act lightly toward small fish. Her thoughts model the current situation in contemporary society – the richest and the most privileged receive all the attention and opportunities while the rest of the people have to experience neglect. By talking about how these resources could be instead used to save, for instance, starving people, she does not object to environmental ventures but raises concerns for equal opportunity (Keegan, “Keegan: Why We Care about Whales”). At the end of the
Proposed topology and justifications The tree topology being proposed is essentially blend of various designs in Star topology connected together using the bus topology. Switches and similar networking devices used in LANs are then directly connected to the Tree bus where each of them acts as the root of the tree (Deal 2008). One key merit this topology is because of its dynamic manner in which it has room of extending the school’s network for future more than what other networking topologies offer on the same as shown in the figure below (Tamara 2005). LAB 212 will require its own switch due to the separation by the staircase that may cause cabling difficulties. The section containing staff room 210, staff room 207 and classroom 208 will also need their independent router. The print room, staff room 206 and 205 will have its own switch, while the section having LAB 213, classroom 211 and staff room 209 will have its own switch. The server room will host the main router from the backbone of the whole school network. Wireless routers will also be installed in the LAB 212 and LAB 213 (Tamara 2005). Switch to switch connections will be via the router installed in the server room. An overview of the segmentation of the network is shown in the figure below. The file and web servers will be connected to the main network of the institution through the backbone cable via the router in the server room. The school network will be designed to have a hierarchal format containing two layers; these are distribution layer and the access layer. As a core requirement, the network still has more room for the extension and inclusion of the core; the third layer when need arises in the future. The routers at the edge will be part of the distribution layer as well as servers for security servers but any other server will be grouped under th
Introduction Nearly all cultures in the world have heroes. A hero is a person who in his/her exceptional character does deeds mostly geared towards saving others. His/her selfless nature, great courage, determination and brevity are the major traits that enhance the success of his/her deeds. The memories of heroes remain in communities’ cultures. Constant reminders of heroic deeds in most communities include monuments, statues, paper bills, coinages, tributes and memorials. Others include names of streets, towns, states, institutions and buildings. These reminders help to put the heroes as pillars the society. There are two types of heroes, the mythological heroes and the modern-day heroes. The major distinction between these two types of heroes is that the modern-day heroes mainly depend on their intelligence and wit while the mythological heroes depended on their endurance, courage and strength. A mythological hero A mythological hero, also referred to as a supernatural hero, is a hero whose deeds were extraordinary and lived during the primordial age. This is the period before the world’s industrial revolution. Myths and other forms of literature were the tools that the community used to pass the deeds of the heroes from one generation to the other. Difficult moments in a community defined the moments when a hero would come forth in his/her attempt to bring a solution to the situation and salvation to many. It is thus evident that not everyone could stand out in his/her deeds to rescue the people from their difficulties. This is the basis of not only a mythological hero but also modern-day heroes. Mythological heroes performed extraordinary deeds, risked their lives for the sake of others, and fell victims to a given difficult situation and managed to come out of it successfully. Most cultures believed that mythological heroes had supernatural aspects within themselves because their deeds usually lacked concrete human explanation. It is important to mention that all generations of a given community had to know about them. This was a sign that the communities highly valued the contribution of the heroes to the success of the entire community. The word mythological hero has his origin in ancient Greece. This is to say that the Greeks were the first people in history to have mythological heroes. One of such heroes is Achilles. How Achilles exemplifies a mythological hero Achilles is one of the mythological heroes in Greece. Historians consider him as one of the mightiest Greeks. He became a hero during the Trojan War. Her mother abandoned him when he was still a young boy leaving him under the custody of his father. According to Edwards (1985), when Achilles was a boy, the seer Calchas prophesied that the city of Troy needed help in order to take the city (p.217). When his mother heard this prophecy
Introduction The Blind Assassin, a fiction novel by Margaret Atwood has won the Man Booker prize in 2000. The novel relates the events that happened in the 1930’s and refers to the personal angst of the narrator. This paper provides a rhetorical analysis of the novel. Main Body In the novel, the main narrator is a woman named Iris Chase Griffin who is now 83 and she narrates her story through a series of flashbacks. Iris is attempting to create a journal that she wants Sabrina, her granddaughter to read. Sabrina is now a young women and Margaret last saw her when Sabrina was a young child. There was a rift in the family and Iris hope to bring all the facts to light so that Sabrina is able to find out what really happened. The mystery is brought out only in the end. The Rhetoric of the mystery is revealed subtly and in bits through newspaper clippings and the story is partly revealed through the newspaper clippings. There is a fine interplay of words and finer nuances and the reader has to pay attention or the mystery and the clue are lost. Iris had a sister called Laura who killed herself after the Second World War and it is through the newspaper clippings that we come to know of the tale of the two sisters, their relationships, the growing up years and the unhappy marriage of Iris to Richard Griffen who also happened to be a business rival of her father. Let us examine the event of the death of Laura. Iris is actually shattered by the event and the incident has left deep scars in her psyche. The newspaper announcement was bland and antiseptic. It revealed neither grief the tragedy nor the grief that Iris felt. Margaret has narrated the event through the newspaper clipping as “A coroner’s inquest has returned a verdict of accidental death in last week’s St. Claire Ave. fatality. Miss Laura Chase, 25, was tra
In contrast to white people, minorities are overrepresented in the United States penal system. Despite being of the lesser portion of the general population, Black and Latino’s people comprise the larger part of the prison population for various reasons. First, minorities are more likely to be arrested for drug possession and other drug offenses. Communities of color are disproportionately affected by the war on drugs. Second, people from minority communities also serve longer sentences. Since they are in prison for a longer time than the average white convict, the number of incarcerated minorities is disproportionately high. Third, the cycle of incarceration also tends to occur mostly within minority populations. This is because the juvenile prison population consists mainly of people of color. Juvenile convicts are highly likely to re-offend and consequently, get stuck within the penal system for the majority or all of their lives. The disproportionate number of people of color within US jails has several effects. On an individual level, a person released from prison could experience delusions, PTSD, depression, and other mental health problems. On a communal level, minority people have lost faith in the criminal justice system. They have become disillusioned with a system that oppresses them. Another effect is that minority communities are economically disadvantaged from having many of their members in prisons. Poverty is a risk factor for higher crime levels and poor mental health. Since these communities become poorer, the people experience negative conditions such as lack of access to healthcare and homeless. In social work, the effects of the incarceration of one person reverberate within the family from which they were uprooted. Consequently, it is safe to assume that mass incarceration of minorities will affect, not just the imprisoned people, but also the communities of color.
The first argument in this reading is that development in technology and innovations is the key to solving the economies’ challenges. Due to the growing role of innovations and production networks, there is a need to invest in universities to ensure a regular supply of elites familiar with the field to sustain the growing demand for technology experts. The reading argues that there was disinterest of the universities and research institutes in the local knowledge economies, and therefore there was a need for the development of innovation imaginaries. To facilitate this, universities like Columbia NYU and other institutions started receiving technology and research grant and licensing fees for technological breakthroughs. Since federal R&D funds are the major support for the research institutes and universities, one common way to build on them is creating innovation districts around universities through incubators and amenities in assembling start-ups techs, advanced and creative manufacturing zones. To achieve these strategies, the Economic Development Corporation (EDC) had to rethink its strategy and gathered relevant stakeholders to discuss the challenges facing digitalization and the increased shortages of software engineers (Indergaard 2). Some of the involved parties include corporate executives, entrepreneurs, academicians, and venture capitalists. Through this strategy, they argue that they are looking to reinvent the economy and think in ways nobody has felt before. Another argument in the reading is that New York City is the “21 st century city of innovation.” Although the idea does not cite any model to support the argument, it argues that the city has various selected qualities that qualify it as the 21 st -century city of innovations. These qualities include core activities and actors, dynamics, supports, needs, and boundaries of the envisioned economic territory. The Centre for economic transformations (CET) stresses that New York has innovations in fashion, health care and medicine, technology, and media, unlike Silicon Valley (Indergaard 2). This means that New York is an all-around city, and it is not all about technology. It also argues that the city is the most productive and creative in terms of knowledge, workforce, and finance and holds a unique global position of uniting people globally compared to other cities in the United States. Through exploitation of those positions, the city has become competitive in the global field networks of innovative centers. It has shown its ability to reinvent itself, unlike Silicon Valley or Boston. To facilitate the imaginary vision of New York as the 21 st century Centre of innovation, CET cites the need for accelerating the economic transformat