ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Rudy Giuliani is now the leading Republican candidate for the presidency in the 2008 elections. As a former mayor of New York, he is known to have improved the city’s quality of life by greatly reducing its crime rate. He also participated in rehabilitation from the 9/11 bombing. There have been allegations of Giuliani being worse than President Bush. This is base on his stand on some major issues, particularly regarding Iraq. Other issues that raised controversies are his stands on abortion, immigration, and health care. One event that made critics raise an eyebrow is when he indirectly claimed in a debate that opposing candidate Ron Paul’s view on the 9/11 bombing was absurd. Paul said that the terrorists did not attack because we are rich and powerful, but because we have been invading them for almost 10 years now. But Giuliani argued that Iraq started this whole thing and that we are right, they are wrong. His stand is clearly to go all out, not show any weakness, and win this war. He promised to keep America on offense in the war against terrorism. Fight against terrorism I believe that our soldiers are dying in futile. Almost 5000 American soldiers and civilians already died in Afghanistan, and for what? This so-called fight against terrorism is beginning to look like a sadistic hunt for power. What would a third-world country be doing fighting with the most powerful nation in the world if we did not covertly take interest in their oil deposits? We already have the power, much as we have the ego that we can not afford to go home just because we have to save face. If Giuliani’s motivation for continuing the war is to avenge the deaths of our people, he might want to think ahead and expect many more deaths to come. For me, this war is useless and is going nowhere. We will most certainly reap more benefits in peace. The dilemma Another issue that causes hype is Giuliani’s stand on abortion. Here is the dilemma: he is anti-abortion but pro-choice. According to his “12 Commitments”, he will decrease incidences of abortion and encourage adoption. I wonder how he can achieve this if he does not want the government to interfere with its people’s private lives. Abortion is personal. The mother will be bearing all the responsibilities or suffer all the consequences of pregnancy. But giving the mother a choice to abort a baby will not help in the fight against abortion. He once said that there is no room for neutrality (against terrorism). He drew the line and said that it is either you are with the civilization or you are with the terrorists. Why can’t this be the case with abortion? In the ’90s, it was recorded that Planet Parenthood, one of the country’s leading abortion-rights groups found in New York, received donations several times from Giuliani. (OnTheIssues.com) He also approved the state to pay for abortions in New York but reasoned that state funding for abortion is a case-to-case basis. And yet he says he abhors adoption. If he is against
Hacking is a well-organized system used by criminals to obtain information from various individuals and corporation. This information may concern the financial status and transactions of the targeted groups. Hacker uses well designed software which enables them to break passwords and upload the information into there database. The information is fed to the main web site that’s runs the hacking software, where the information is sorted according to various numbers. The videos showing the process of hacking on YouTube exacerbates the activities of this form of crime. This is because the groups can be able to learn the process of hacking through YouTube and what they only need is to buy the hacking software. Hacking videos explaining the process of unlocking and breaking passwords of various login accounts of individuals can be used as indicators that online services are not the best form of communicating and storage of vital information and performing some transactions especially those involving sending and receiving money. The videos explains step- by- step on how one can login into someone’s account and get access to his or/her information. Most people do live their personal information in the internet which attracts the criminals as they are very much interested with this information so that they can be able to know all the transactions of their victims. It is important for every individual using internet to be very careful with any information he or she gives out. He/she should ensure that the site visited is secure and cannot expose any information to un-authorized person. A person using internet transactions such as the use of credit cards and visa card should ensure that the service providers have a tight security which cannot be easily accessed by hackers. This means that any transactions involving the use of electronic money transfer should be carried out in a secure site with strong security codes. The corporate companies are the most affected by the hacking affairs. They should be aware of this type of videos. The videos should raise an alarm to the corporations and trigger them to device safer ways of storing their information and internet security should be enhanced to reduce any link or loopholes which can be used by hackers to get access to the company’s database and extract the vital information. Internet Explorer browser is widely used by most of the internet users, but hackers prefer to use Chrome and Firefox browsers as these are more advanced and faster compared to the internet Explorer. When using Firefox, the hacker can be able to interlink various sites at the same time and operate with swift speed. These give the hacker an advantage over the person
Introduction This qualitative empirical study explores the decision-making of the university administration in regard to support being provided to the Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) students. As graduation and education level become increasingly pivotal to a student’s development, racial inequality in the academic environment can significantly damage academic achievement standards in underrepresented students. Thus, examining the administration and staff’s perspective on supporting BIPOC students is essential to understanding, developing, and implementing effective strategies and increasing graduation rates among minority students. Purpose Statement and Researcher’s Lens The purpose of this paper is to determine the challenges preventing minority students from college graduation and, most importantly, identify the approaches to support, prepare, and retain students from historically underrepresented groups within the University of Delaware. The identified epistemological and ontological paradigms demonstrated that my personal experience, educational history, and overall alignment with the constructivist approach to the qualitative research process define my researcher’s lens. The choice of constructivist grounded theory as a preferred methodological approach allows for individual’s active participation in interpreting the investigated phenomena. Literature Review The administration’s approaches to student diversity and ethnic disparities are critical to eliminating barriers in higher education completion. As the literature review shows, diminished retention rates and graduation in students of BIPOC communities are significantly higher compared to non-minority learners (Lascher, 2018). Along with significant adjustment difficulties presented by college settings, a number of factors threaten the chances of minority students achieving their educational goals due to the burden of social, economic, and psychological difficulties. Namely, financial issues, lack of support, discrimination, and the lack of a sense of belonging constitute the most common barriers for ethnic and racial minorities. The complexity of factors obstructing minority students’ educational outcomes highlights the need to address the issue. A number of administration support options are available for underrepresented students, including culturally relevant courses, mentorship, and institutional change. For instance, culturally relevant courses are introduced to provide the BIPOC students with content they are familiar with and can relate to. Peer and faculty mentorship is another effective option that contributes to improving minority students’ academic performance and retention rates. Finally, institutional change is required to embrace an organizational culture reflecting the community and background of the target student population. Methods & Data Collection The University of Delaware (UD), namely its Newark campus, was chosen as the institution under review to obtain the opinions of the faculty, administrative staff, and leadership as the primary data for analysis. The participants included one head of faculty, white male; two deans
Introduction The present essay will consider the topic of constructive alignment (CA) and apply it to the education of nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). CA can be viewed as a specific approach to developing educational programs, and it has been evidenced to have some positive outcomes, especially for the quality of said programs (Biggs, 2014; Croy, 2018; Duff et al., 2017). For ICU nurses, education is particularly important because ICU settings have their specific features that require appropriate training (Innes & Calleja, 2018). Consequently, ICU nurses need programs that would facilitate their work by providing them with the necessary knowledge and skills. Given the potential benefits of CA for education, CA needs to be considered in terms of ICU nurse training to determine if it applies to the settings of ICU. To achieve this outcome, the present paper will begin by presenting the background of CA with particular attention paid to the key features of the approach, its history, and relevance for healthcare education. It will then proceed to critically examine the scope of the literature on the topic and the stakeholders relevant for this review. The impact of CA on ICU nurse education (ICUNE) will be considered next; the related benefits, challenges, and limitations will also be reviewed. Finally, the solutions to the challenges will be proposed. Based on the presented information, a conclusion will be made that due to its benefits and applicability to the ICU context, CA is worth the effort of overcoming its challenges. Background Topic Description Biggs (2014) defines CA as an “outcomes-based approach to teaching.” In practice, it means that learning outcomes are viewed by CA as the first stage of planning. They are the first element of a teaching plan to be stated, and they are used to determine the methods that will be employed. In turn, the methods are viewed as the means of achieving related outcomes and measuring progress. Importantly, the planning must occur before teaching. Thus, it is apparent why CA is termed as “alignment”: it involves the alignment of teaching and assessment methods with the desired outcomes. However, CA is not limited to outcomes and methods; climate and environment are similarly important (Leigh, Rutherford, Wild, Cappleman, & Hynes, 2013; Turjamaa, Hynynen, Mikkonen, & Ylinen, 2018), as well as the rules and procedures of educational institutions that host the teaching activities (Croy, 2018). Paskevicius (2017) also points out the significance of learning materials. Thus, CA may be defined as the approach to teaching that focuses on the alignment of the various components of the teaching process to create the best and most useful learning experience. Consequently, it should also be mentioned that the first part of the term CA refers to constructivism. Constructivism can be defined as a specific student-centered approach to education, in whic
Every culture in our world can be recognized based on their national cuisine. Food originated from a particular country is a reflection of this state’s history, climate, geography, culture, and habits. Food is one of the most significant cultural elements for every nation. This paper presents a discussion of the meaning of food as a part of culture in China based on a chosen episode from “A Bite of China” series. The film called “A Bite of China” is focused on the Chinese national cuisine, its authenticity and diversity. The chosen episode explores the meaning and role of tofu for the Chinese people. The episode follows various ways of preparing tofu, numerous meals based on tofu and a huge variety of its transformations. The narrator of the film explains that the Chinese cuisine has always been recognized for its incredible versatility and a variety of ingredients composing diets of the Chinese people. Yet, the main focus of the episode is tofu. The film demonstrates different shapes and states of tofu which is eaten as an independent meal, or added as an ingredient to other dishes. The Chinese cooks have amazing understanding of tofu and their ability to transform it (ChinaHDTV001, 2014). It is mesmerizing to watch tofu coagulate, be dried, boiled, fried and served in all kinds of shapes. Milk is the ingredient that is explored next. In the Chinese and the Mongolian cultures milk is one of the most popular parts of a diet. Just like tofu it is transformed in multiple ways. The film shows how in the Chinese and the Mongolian cultures cooks use the potential of this substance to the fullest. It is impressive how many ways of preparing tofu the people of China have invented. Basically, the cooks there are familiar with every chemical reaction and response of tofu, all of its properties and capacities. Clearly, this ingredient is of great importance to the Chinese since it is a source of calories and proteins able to replace meat which has always been scarce in China. Culture is can be defined as a composition of typical behaviors, traditions, beliefs and objects employed by the representatives of a particular social group. This way, religion, spirituality, art and creations of a certain society compile its culture. Culture also is seen as a collection of manners, habits and rules. Culture is not a fixed concept, it undergoes changes over time, and it also fall under the influences of other cultures assimilating with them or adopting particular new aspects as a result of interaction between two cultures. Even though culture is unstable, it can bind individual very tightly. People who belong to the same culture share similar habits and beliefs, their identities are alike, so they can relate to each other. Various aspects of culture serve to link people together, the bond may happen on an ethnic, religious, racial, or even gender level. In sociology society is a group of people sharing a culture (Culture and Society Defined, 2014). This way, the society and culture are very close. Growing up as a part o
Introduction A team is a group of individuals working together to achieve common objectives and goals in an organization. For a team to be effective and productive, members usually share certain common characteristics that allow sharing of leadership roles and accountability and shifting the roles from one individual to several individuals within a team in a work environment. And Team building is a process whereby teams are selected, developed, and collectively motivated with the aim of improving the effectiveness and productivity of a team in a business organization. Innovative and Creative Team In today’s competitive world requires the organization to institutionalize the practice of creating a room for creativity and innovation that could utterly change a team in an organizational scenario. Innovation and creativity necessarily involve the generation of new ideas that lead to the destruction of old ways of doing things an
The arming of police officers in the US is an issue that is generating so much controversy that arguing for or against it would be quite counterproductive unless one understands the underlying issues. It is important first to look at arguments from both sides before jumping to any form of conclusion. In most of the cases that have emerged, it is evident that human rights activists like Rev. Jesse Jackson are not making noise for anything, they have strong issues to pick against the proponents of the arming who happen to be the police chiefs who are facing an ever-increasing threat from the arm sophistication that is emerging from the underworld. According to Monique Bond, the Chicago police spokeswoman, while it is quite understandable to be strong against arming the police especially during this time when the debate of gun legislation is picking, it is necessary to “ensure that our police officers are safe, because when they are safe, the communities they protect are even safer”. Monique’s concerns come against a background of an increasing number of homicides in the city for the first few months of 2008; from January to April there have been 134 cases of recorded homicide cases which represents a 9% increase compared to the previous year’s figure. There has been a marked increase also of violent crimes involving guns, the latter has equally jumped to about 6.1 percent which for any security agent is alarming and something needs to be done urgently. It seems the society and the police, in particular, are under siege from marauding heavily armed gangs. Any form of crime increase, especially when guns are involved has obvious repercussions to the police force that are required to act with speed to counter such vice. Trying to stem such a vice sometimes means that the police officers will have to physically exchange fire with the criminal elements. Lately, there has been a significant rise in the number of police officers who have died in the line of duty, especially when they are involved in
Summary of Creativity Theories In this section, the researcher will evaluate the argument that creativity has much in common with the key attributes of Learning Theory. It is necessary to evaluate several creativity theories about this quote. As stated in the quote, creativity and key learning attributes have a lot in common. To determine this commonality, the researcher will look at some of the leading creativity theories. The Psychoanalytical Theory of Creativity is one of the most common theories used to define creativity. This theory holds that people tend to be creative as a result of reacting to a difficult situation or subdued emotions (Cerasale & Stone 2004, p. 40). When a person is faced with a difficult situation, there is always the tendency to look for the best way out of the situation. If the conventional ways cannot help in such difficult situations, the person will be forced to be creative to overcome the predicament. For instance, the recent Deepwater Horizon oil spillage was one of the most difficult situations that BP has ever faced in its entire history (Russell & Regel 2000, p. 138). It happened when the company least expected such an event. The company had to act very fast to address the situation. It had to involve creativity in addressing this new challenge because it had no established approaches to managing it. It was like a learning process for this company. This theory confirms the argument that creativity has much in common with the key attributes of Learning Theory. Major critics of this theory claim that it overemphasizes the social aspects of a human being, but ignores the biological factors. The Mental Illness Theory is another common concept of creativity that has been in use for some time. This theory holds that for a person to be creative, a form of mental illness must be present (Pickett 2013, p. 92). The theory closely links creativity to some level of mental uniqueness. Mental problems such as bipolar, manic depressive disorder, and schizophrenia are some of the common mental problems associated with creativity. According to Honnungar (2011, p. 37), large companies are currently considering hiring employees with some of these mental illnesses as a way of enhancing creativity. These individuals have a different approach to looking at different issues in all that they do. This uniqueness in their approach is what brings about creativity. This may also be considered expert knowledge. This theory confirms the argument that creativity demands expert knowledge. It is important to note that some scholars have opposed this theory. According to Heisig, Mertins, and Vorbeck (2003, p. 115), some mental illnesses such as stress may suppress creativity among people. The Humanistic Theory of Creativity is another popular concept that has been used to define the source of creativity in people. This theory is based on Maslow’s Theory of needs. The Humanistic Theory of Creativity holds that people have six primary needs. One will need to meet all of them as
Introduction Women in Egypt have always been regarded as equal to men; however, the only exception in this rule was the institution of marriage. Marital status has always been regarded as something close to women’s curse in Egypt, as it was equal to slavery. Women were expected to prevent and avoid any contacts with men who were not in close relations with them, and women have been always obliged to veil themselves in public. Such strict rules are regarded to be essential and unshakeable for the Arab society. Originally, such representation of the roles of men and women do not coincide with Western values of sexual equality and parity in marriage and in social life. Most women were obliged to accept these rules and obey them, nevertheless, some prominent women did not wish to be slaves in their own homes, and fought for the rights of women in the Middle East region, as women, according to them, should have the right to vote, to work, to get education, to be women, at least. Historical Background and the Role of Women in Egyptian History It has been already stated that all through the Muslim history of Egypt the attitude towards women could not be regarded as equal. Females were raised independently from their fathers and older brothers. Marriage meant strict subordination and absence of security for the personal life and sometimes even for health and life of women. The description of marriage issues can be seen through the work of Badran, where the dependency of women on their husbands in making the decisions, resulted in the expectancy to bear at least two sons. (“Opening the Gates” 204) Nevertheless, the omission of women rights in making the decisions can be seen compensated, through women gaining control when their sons settle down in married life, as they acquire control over the families of her sons. The fact is that, few women dared or had a chance to rule the Egyptian society; nevertheless, women were allowed to participate in merchant and economic activity. Some of them were permitted to become priestesses, as religious representations in Egypt were not as canonic as in other Muslim countries. Still, lots of restrictions were imposed. Women had to veil themselves, and gender segregation was essential. Public schools, working places and even recreation areas were segregated. Moreover, some low-class families did not permit their daughters to get a school education for minimizing contacts with males. The men from lower classes, in their turn, preferred getting married with women who did not have an education at all. Women, who attended secondary schools, were not popular as well as women who aimed to work. The fact is that, the situation started changing in the end of 18 th century, when western countries, i.e. France and England, started contacting with Egypt. In that regard, the territory of Egypt was the wished territory for most superpowers of that period. The invasion of Egypt by Napoleon in 1778 played an essential role for the Egyptian society (“Opening the Gates” 187). Originally, the social structure was subjected to essential changes due to the influence of the western society. Such