ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As technology develops, it is becoming more integrated within the health care sector for a variety of purposes. When health technologies are designed, several factors, such as purpose, complexity, and user autonomy, are considered. The development of sophisticated technologies causes creators to make certain assumptions about the ethical and social appropriateness of various machine functions (Lehoux et al., 2014). The high level of technological integration within health care places significant reliance on the medical process unto machines, with the assumption that they are more reliable. Machine learning, which is an evolving aspect of artificial intelligence, is a potentially revolutionary development in improving health care technology but requires an ethical set of standards to maintain the safety and privacy of patients. The fundamental principle of machine learning is acquiring new data. Using the collected data, the machine can analyze it based on preprogrammed algorithms. The result, based on the machine function, can trigger a particular action. As the technology grows more sophisticated and complex, the capacity of machines is being expanded to more than a reactive action based on preprogrammed algorithmic functions. The focus is now on analyzing enormous amounts of data to find patterns and interactions which can be compared with previous data. Considering a machine can compute and analyze at a rate faster than any human, this aspect of learning helps to notice inconsistencies or predict patterns and outcomes quickly. Currently, the aspect of machine learning is being used under human supervision, when data is being analyzed towards a specific outcome, such as predicting the possibility of various diseases based lab results or determining the side effects of medication based on previously recorded incidents. Unsupervised learning is currently an evolving process when the machine continues to constantly collect and analyze data based on a unified technological system within a facility. The machine begins to structure the data and draw conclusions
Design is a vital part of creating any product: websites, apps, home appliances, electronics, and more. Every item requires a thorough reseach. If you are eager to learn the difference betwуут exploratory descriptive and causal research approaches, this article is for you. In the essay sample below, we will explain the criterion used to distinguish between exploratory, descriptive, and causal research with examples, as well as discuss their role in marketing. Research design is a tool that is used in carrying out marketing researches. The design is supposed to give in detail the procedures that are supposed to be followed to solve problems that marketing researches present. The major approaches used in researches include exploratory, causal, and exploratory research designs. Information requirements, measures, and scales have to be spelt out clearly. Sampling process, sample size, and data analysis plans also feature prominently as components of the three research designs (Collins, Sutton and Onwuegbuzie 2006) 🖊️ Descriptive research design Descriptive research design is mainly used to describe a behavior or type of subject. It not intended to look for specific relationships between variables neither does it correlate variables. Its major set back is that it cannot identify cause because its setting is completely natural. Moreover, it has all the variables present. Descriptive research design is an asset to a researcher because a lot of information can be acquired through description. For purposes of identification of variables and hypothetical constructs which can be subjected to further investigations using other means, descriptive research design come in handy. Some of its advantages include the ability of its descriptions to be used to indirectly test theory or model behaviors that cannot be studied using any other means (Creswell 1998). Categories of descriptive design include surveys and observational studies. Field surveys feature prominently under surveys. Under this, the participants are expected to fill in the questionnaires or be subjected to interviews in natural settings. Much attention should be devoted to construction and content validity of the questionnaires; the scores must be reliable; the questions should be clear and precise hence mutually exclusive answers; the interviewer must be consistent and controlled in his or her behavior; and the order of questions as they appear in the questionnaire have to be counterbalanced. This helps in identifying and controlling one sided responses. Finally, field surveyors have to pay attention to concrete behaviors that naïve respondents describe accurately. Surveys are quite often mailed or facilitated through phone calls. Surveys conducted through mails involve questionnaires that are relatively long. It takes some t
Introduction Singapore is a country in Asia and is known officially the Republic of Singapore. It is an island country which is at the south of Malaysia. Singapore is a small country which has a population of about 5 million people. The population mainly consists of people of Chinese origin, Indians and other Asians of diverse origins. It is worth noting that Singapore has a busy port, one of the busiest in the world. Due to its small size, Singapore is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Her population has a large percentage of foreigners who go there for leisure, business and other activities. Singapore is also a leading financial center in the world. Living conditions Singapore has among the best living conditions in Asia. According to the current statistics, the country boasts excellent living conditions in Asia. It has also been ranked as the world’s number 1 in city infrastructure because of how the city is planned (Contact Singapore 2010) Diet and nutrition Nutrition in Singapore is complete with proteins, vitamins and starch together with other nutrients. The major source of proteins is pork and chicken meat, calcium is also included in the diet. Crabs and fish are sources of calcium. Vegetables and fruits provide major sources of vitamins in their diet. Typical meals Typical Singaporean meals are meat and vegetable recipes. They range from certain traditional foods that are sources of proteins. Most common food Most common food in Singapore is meat dish and vegetarian dishes which come in a range of recipes. Crab, Mee Siam, Opor Sotong Bak KutTeh and crisps are among the common traditional Singaporean foods. Smoked spicy chicken, cucumber and Bak Kwa are also common at home and across major hotels in Singapore. Most of the mail meals are usually accompanied with strong chillie. Vegetable dishes of Singapore include, melons and mango salads, Malnutrition Malnutrition in Singapore is greatly reduced because of implementation of important health policies by the government. Housing The real estate in Singapore is highly developed. The city has houses which it offers for sale or for rental purposes. Management of public housing is usually done by the housing and development board which is involved in building and maintaining public houses. Residential property in this city can generally be categorized into two, public housing and private housing whereby most of the population dwells in the more affordable public housing (Contact Singapore, 2010). Types of houses available The types of houses available are mainly apartments, bungalows, condominiums, public housing flats, shophouse, semi-detached terrace house and townhouses. Shop Houses at Back – Arab Street, Source: Travel guide Rent or own Rental properties are present all over Singapore. Own houses are also provided for by the real estate upon purchase. Single family/multiple family dwellings Most people in Singapore who have families usually live in larger houses. The houses may be mainly townhouses. The detached single family house is also c
The period of history known as the Cold War was characterized by an increasing tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, two of the world’s greatest superpowers. While neither of the two countries engaged in combat, both of them were actively preparing for a nuclear war by developing nuclear weapons of mass destruction. The tensions of that time are satirized by Stanley Kubrick in his movie “Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb”, starring George C. Scott as General Buck Turgidson. In its essence, the movie plot centers around the idea that the tension between the two superpowers, fueled by psychological warfare, would eventually prompt one of them to act first and launch an accidental nuclear attack against the other side. Kubrick portrays a story of a United States army general Jack D. Ripper who unilaterally decides to launch a nuclear war against the Soviet Union. The story is adapted from Peter George’s novel “Red Alert” and is largely satirical: the character of the deranged general is named after a well-known serial killer, the team assembled to stop the bombing includes a former Nazi scientist named Dr. Strangelove, and the Soviets have an automatic system designed to launch a global nuclear war if an atomic bomb detonates on their territory. Eventually, when the officials of both countries fail to stop the bombing, Dr. Strangelove is wondering about the future of humanity while the entire planet is being obliterated. In a comedic manner, Kubrick showed the consequences the rivalry of the two nations might have led to. With this movie, Kubrick criticizes American society as a whole. The director satirizes the desire of the United States to have the most powerful weapon, which eventually destroys it. Kubrick also contributed to the image of the Soviets as being equally blinded by their ambitions, creating a system which initiates global destruction in response to attack. The portrayal of the destructive power of nuclear weapons has influenced the entire nation’s perception of atomic bombs and the war in general. The atomic bomb is portrayed as a weapon of such power which leads to unprecedented, apocalyptic levels of destruction. Indeed, the power of atomic bomb is such that nuclear war leaves no one alive: only a small number of people are able to survive through the bombing in protected underground shelters. The cultural impact of the movie went beyond its satiric content: the presentation of wartime planning used in the movie def
Introduction Langley Park in Maryland has several social service providers. These services include homeless shelters, wheels on meals, family services, counseling services, educational services and community outreach. An analysis of these social programs shows that they have helped in improvement of community health by provision of their services. The Purpose of this Assessment This is assessment is carried out with an aim of shading light on the social services that are offered in Langley park in Maryland. Social services play a very significant role in raising the living standards and it is significant that their availability in a given region is known. It also worth noting that the provision of social services a subset of public health and thus by extension this assessment is more of fulfilling the course objectives. Social Services at Langley Park Maryland Latin American Youth Centre (LAYC) was established to help the needy people from all cultural backgrounds. The main target was the youths and their families. LAYC has been working towards achieving its mission by creating a regional network of youth centers. Their aim is to help youths in making decisions for their lives so as to become responsible young adults (LAYC, 2011). Firstly, they empower youths by providing educational programs for the youths. Education is mainly on healthy recreation and fitness, computer training, guidance and counseling as the young people prepare for college. Their mission is to build and strengthen the youths in academics, socially, health wise as well as to prepare them for quality leadership (Center, 2011). There are several Alcohol Rehab Centers and Alcohol Detox Centers in Langley Park which offer alcoholism treatment and recovery. The approach used is either individual or group counseling and interaction. Treatment and recovery addresses specific needs of alcohol users. This can be group social support, counseling and behavior therapy. Rehabilitation cost for alcohol abuse is quite expensive and ranges from $400-$1200 per day (Alcohol, 2011). Langley Meals on wheels offer different services to the community. People who benefit from this service are people who are not able to make or afford their food on both temporary and permanent basis. People with health and social needs that are defined by health services are also eligible for this service. This organization provides two meals at an affordable price of $ 5.50 per meal. The meals provided are nutritious and thus contribute to good health of the beneficiaries. Additional benefits include social contact with volunteers who deliver these meals. The volunteers also check on the wellbeing of the clients and respond appropriately in case of any emergency (Meals, 2010). Educational/vocational service There are a number of educational facilities which available in the Langley Park Maryland. The educational institutions are working out to help the society in improving its standards of living (Archives, 2003). Some social institutions have also taken the initiatives to help those who are economically challenged in the society; institutions which have taken up
The concept of digital divide represents the existing gap between the information haves and the information have-nots. Traditionally, the term was viewed as a debate on having or not having access to information. Today, it is being described as “with which characteristics, connects how to what” (Chetty et al., 2018). The definition has evolved over the years due to rapid global mobile phone penetration, and the term is now regarded as inequality between those with more and less bandwidth. The debate on digital divide traces its origin way back in 1995 when the Commerce Department published its survey on the topic. The findings showed a gap in economic and race between those who could access the internet and those who could not (Fairlie, 2017). From 1991 to 1996, the number of personal computers in the U.S increased to about ten million from the previous three hundred thousand. In 2000, the U.S Department of Commerce revealed that about a half of the U.S households had internet access. This means that half of the residents did not have access or skills to use it. Another survey carried out by Department of Commerce in 2004 showed that a total of 204 million U.S citizens had access to the internet representing more than two thirds of the population. Although the number of U.S citizens with access to the internet continues to grow, the digital divide gap also keeps on widening. Currently, the number of those already connected ranges from those with higher income to the educated. Similarly, the White and Asian Pacific residents are utilizing the latest technologies and getting connected faster compared to the rest of the population (Piatak et al., 2019). However, those in the regions with traditionally slow internet connection rates remain far behind. The main reason why the digital gap continues to widen revolves around the issue of strained economy and racial lines. Many U.S households still suffer from poor connectivity speed while others lack the technological skills to use it. The current state of digital divide is worrying, and now represents the disparity between the information haves and have-nots. The gap is even wider outside U.S with the current access to internet figure at 39 percent in Africa, 87 percent in Europe and 94 percent in U.S (Reddick et al., 2020). The statistics show how countries compare with each other despite 3G and 4G being widespread around the globe. The digital divide is an emerging social concern in the U.S, especially among the rural communities, low income families, and minority groups. From a global point of view, the digital divide u
Introduction Many people in different parts of the world are currently taking a wide range of health or dietary supplements. Some consumers take these compounds occasionally and others daily (Pacier and Martirosyan 101). The common supplements available include botanicals, enzymes, vitamins, and herbs. Consumers can use different forms of the supplements such as powders, tablets, capsules, energy bars, and drinks. The common vitamins believed to boost the functioning of the body include vitamins E, C, and D (Marik and Flemmer 13). Some supplements can be relevant for individuals who lack certain compounds and nutrients in their diets. For instance, researchers have indicated that folic acid can be used to decrease chances of defects during childbirth. Heart disease has been minimized through the use of omega-3 acid. However, analysts and researchers have been divided over the use and effectiveness of health supplements. This paper gives a detailed analysis in order to establish whether people really need these vitamins and health supplements. How Supplements Work in the Body Studies have indicated that every health supplement consumed by an individual will definitely be used in the body in one way or another. The ingested compound will promote the functioning of the body and ensure a number of scarce nutrients are available. Every product marketed as a supplement will have various contents, ingredients, and flavors (Marik and Flemmer 16). The manufacturer will suggest the quaintly that should be consumed by the targeted individual. More often than not, healthcare workers will be required to guide the consumer in order to take the right amount. Individuals who do not eat healthy or nutritious food materials might benefit from these health supplements (Pacier and Martirosyan 101). When such supplements are consumed, they will be digested and used in the body to promote functioning. More often than not, the vitamins and supplements will be absorbed into the bloodstream and support the functioning of the body. The key ingredients will be responsible for some of the major body activities and boost immunity. For instance, vitamin D and calcium can be included in the health supplements to keep the bones of the user stronger. Bone loss can also be reduced through the use of calcium. As indicated earlier, folic acid can be recommended to minimize chances of birth defects (Marik and Flemmer 17). Unfortunately, most of these supplements have been observed to contain various active ingredients. Do People Really Need these Supplements? The use of compounds labeled as health supplements is something that received undivided attention from researchers, scientists, and nutritionists. These issues have emerged because the supplements have been observed to present both opportunities and risks to the individuals who use them. Quality is the first issue that should be considered before determining the effectiveness of these products. Dietary supplements are usually u
The family of Fujiwara was one of the most powerful clans in the history of Japan. Fujiwara held control over the Japanese government for three centuries beginning with the 9th and ending with the 12th. Their authority was based not on political planning or military excellence but diplomacy and judicious intermarriage. Fujiwara established a policy of keeping the connection with the imperial family via getting the daughters of the clan with emperors. As a result, the daughters became empresses, which led to grandchildren and other descendants becoming emperors, as well. Thus, the family obtained full control of the government. No matter whether the chief of the clan was in the government or not, he had all the necessary means to rule the country at his disposal. In order to make its impact even more powerful, the Fujiwara made connections with the Buddhist hierarchy. They convinced emperors to withdraw from worldly events. Additionally, the clan created a solid economic base for its political authority. Fujiwara emboldened the landowners to entrust their land to the clan. As a result, taxes for landowners were cut down to a great extent. Simultaneously, Fujiwara became able to redirect the profits into the family treasury. The clan’s power was commenced in the Asuka period by Nakatomi Katamari. He was the leader of a coup that was held in 645 against the Soga. Katamari introduced several important reforms. In 668, Katamari received a title and a new family name from the Emperor Tenji. After Katamari’s death in the same year, his son Fuhito started using the new family name. He was also the one who launched the tradition of connecting his family to the imperial dynasty. Fuhito arranged the family alliance by getting his daughter married to Emperor Shōmu. Fuhito had four sons, and each one of them set up family divisions. However, the full power of the clan was not acknowledged up until the 9th century. Fujiwara Yoshifusa’s son-in-law was the reigning monarch at the time. Accordingly, Yoshifusa’s grandson was the heir apparent. Upon the death of the Emperor, Yoshifusa managed to get his grandson receive the throne when the boy was only nine years old. Meanwhile, Yoshifusa was entitled to perform the functions of the regent. It was the first time in the country’s history that a man who did not belong to royal family received such a position. Since then, Fujuwara initiated and repeated the practice of convincing emperors to retire when they were still young and give up the throne to their children. Fujiwara’s role in the scheme was that they were regents to the child emperors. Over the next two hundred years, there were eight cases of throne abdication, and children became emperors
Summary of theorists Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German theorist whose thoughts have formed the basis for the development of modern communism and socialism as they were based upon a materialistic interpretation of history. He held that individuals are supposed to take pleasure in the fruits of their toil but are hindered from achieving this in a capitalistic economic system, which leads to the oppression of the proletariat (the workers) for the benefit of the bourgeoisie (the wealthy). Thus, to prevent this oppression from taking place, he proposed for a proletarian revolution in which the workers attempt to overthrow the wealthy minority to establish reforms for the benefit of their class. The ideas of Max Weber (1864-1920) led to great advances in the field of sociology, as well. As a classic thinker in the field of social sciences, he viewed sociology in terms of an extensive science of social action. His works mainly discussed the aspects of rationalization and disenchantment that he connected to the development of capitalism and modernity, and the establishment of methodological antipositivism, which portrays sociology as o