ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One of the most influential people in the history of the radio is Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor. Over the course of a few years, starting in 1894, he built the first completed commercially successful wireless telegraph system based on airborne waves (radio transmission). Marconi demonstrated the usability of the radio for military and naval purposes and launched the company to develop and distribute radio communication services and equipment. In 1896, he conducted the first public demonstration of his equipment, achieving the transmission of radio messages over a distance of 2.5 km. Marconi believed that electromagnetic waves could pass through soil and water without losses. This erroneous point of view had a considerable influence on the further development of radio engineering. In fact, the losses due to the passage of radio waves through the soil and water are enormous. However, short radio waves can be reflected from the ionosphere and go around the entire globe. Therefore, this hypothesis allowed Marconi to organize the first radio communication across the Atlantic Ocean. One of the most essential stages in the existence and development of radio was its first commercial launch. This happened in 1920: the KDKA station in Pittsburgh held the first broadcast dedicated to the election. This broadcast was from a wooden shack in east Pittsburgh. The presenter discussed the election results, turned on the music, and tried to communicate with the audience. This event formed the basis of the current commercial activities of radio stations. One of the prominent representatives of the radio industry is Michael Francesa, an American sports radio talk show host. During his career, he worked in various programs, including his own shows. Thanks to his sincere interest in sports, Michael always did his job well and won the hearts of the audience. He had a significant impact on the broadcasting industry in the field of sports, developing both the quality of radio programs and the interest of the audience. He continues to conduct various shows to this day, remaining professional and involved.
Introduction Specific economic outcomes in the context of resolving moral problems associated with business operations and management are related to the balance of certain benefits in contrast to costs as it is valued in society. According to Hosmer (2011), the balance of benefits and costs determines the economic aspect of a certain moral issue, and this principle is also known as Pareto Optimality. This concept means the most efficient allocation of materials or resources for achieving a certain goal when any improvements in this balance lead to worsening a situation in relation to another aspect of the system (Yadollahi, Abd Majid, & Mohamad Zin, 2015). Therefore, it is important to analyze economic outcomes related to the case of Continental Airlines in the context of Hosmer’s (2011) model and the idea of Pareto Optimality. Main body Firstly, it is necessary to discuss the underlying principles of economic outcomes or benefits and disadvantages for society. The principle of determining material consequences for specific ethical situations works with reference to the idea that “more is better than less” (Hosmer, 2011, p. 8). However, this statement is applicable to ethically controversial economic situations only when the involved markets are competitive, customers and suppliers are informed about all available options and their characteristics, and all associated costs are taken into account (Hosmer, 2011). Secondly, it is required to apply these ideas to the situation with Continental Ai
Abstract Organizations across the globe make strategic alliances in the form of collaborative relationships. These alliances hinge on the fact that that organizational collaboration is synergistic in nature and thus participating organizations benefit tremendously. This research paper sought to elaborate three key aspects of leadership that are essential for success in organizational collaboration. It was established that success in organizational collaboration calls for leadership that exhibits authentic self-awareness, espouses effective communication, and involves partners in consultative decision-making. By so doing, the leadership can gain the trust of the other partners and understand them well, thus avoiding unnecessary conflicts in the course of the collaboration process. Successful collaboration is measurable through mutual respect, understanding and trust, and open and frequent communication among partners. Organizational collaboration is thus a good concept due to its beneficial nature to organizations. Introduction In the face of stiff competition, decentralization of operations, and increasingly scarce resources, organizations across the world find it imperative to form strategic alliances. The principal focus of these alliances is to combine the strengths of different organizations so that the resultant synergy can benefit all the participants. The alliances can take many forms, but this research paper focuses on collaborative alliances. Thomson et al. (2007) define collaboration as the formal or informal interaction between autonomous or semi-autonomous entities, which lead to the joint creation of rules and structures to reign on their interaction. Vangen and Huxham (2003) posit that when two organizations form a collaborative arrangement, the resultant synergistic outcome transcends what was individually achievable by the organizations. With many organizations incorporating collaborative approaches in their operations, it is pertinent for them to understand all aspects of this relationship. This research paper thus seeks to assess the concept of organizational collaboration with the intent of elaborating on three key aspects of leadership that underpin success in organizational collaboration. A Synopsis of the Concept of Organizational Collaboration A careful consideration of the lifestyle of ancient populace reveals that they engaged in collaborative relationships both at individual and societal levels. It is not clear whether the ancient people consciously made collaborative efforts, or they
Case Background Carrefour is the world largest foodstuff retail chains in volume sales; the hypermarkets have their head office at Levallois-Perret, France; Lars Olofsson and Amaury de Sèze opened the company’s first branch on June 3, 1957 at Annecy , France. To remain competitive in the fast changing and competitive retail industry, the company ensures it has established its outlets in strategic locations and has an appealing internal design/layout to facilitate fast shopping and create good impression to its customers (Carrefour Official Website). This paper discusses Carrefour’s location and design strategies. Location To ensure that the company gets to its target customers effectively, it is located in places of high population; areas that they expect to have a large customer base. The company offers fresh products thus, they need to be close to the consumers as possible. The locations include in shopping malls, shopping centres, airports and in emerging towns, depending with the location, the products that the company stocks varies. For example, the company sells fast foods at airports in their kitchen section. In every chain, the company ensures that there is ample parking that customers can use when shopping, the locations are also accessible when using public means and when having a personal means of transport. The location of the hypermarkets offers a pleasant experience to customers, they feel their needs are catered for within any chain; this helps in creating customer loyalty and confidence with a hypermarket (Carrefour Official Website) Internal design and the effect on customers The company offers more than 3,000 non-food items; some of these items include cosmetics, furniture, electronics, office equipments, and kitchenwares. To ensure that customers are able to get products in a shopping mall, the company has created a pleasant and easy to follow internal design; it has divided the malls into sections offering similar goods and they are well label. For example, vegetables are found in the same section, electronic and kitchenware in the same section. When a customer is not able to trace a commodity, the staffs are willing and ready to assist, they are well versed with the structure and the way the chain of supermarkets have been arranged, this assists in easy guidance inside the chain. It is a policy that all companies operating under the name of Carrefour has the same arrangement strategy; this strategy assists international consumers be able to buy from any chain of the company. To effectively manage the multibillion stores, the company manages an orchestrate team. For an effective operation, Carrefour requires an optimal combination of physical and human resources. Well-trained and experienced work force is the greatest asset that an organization can have; it is through human resources that an organisation exists. The company ensures that there is good customer service offered by the staffs at all level; staffs are expected to have high morale and good mastery of the chain of markets and how they are planned. In case a customer
Abstract The purpose of this study is to work out the problem of juvenile delinquency in school area. It is structured specifically in order to point out statistics and cases of school violence across the United States. The results showed that the problem of school-age crimes is concerned with both social and psychological trends. The theoretical explanation includes several theories identifying the reasons for crimes. Some among them are relative deprivation theory, gendered resource theory and routine-activities theory. The latter is presupposed to be the optimal way to predict a potential homicide or suicide from the part of a teenager. The research also hypothesizes on the preventive way to be done for reduction of school violence. It concerns policing and financing aspects along with the terms within which the project can give positive results. Introduction School violence in America is a harmful effect that goes unresolved until now. A social problem is concerned with the involvement of young persons in crimes, such as beating, drug addiction, gun shooting etc. The role of adults in controlling adolescents is really high. This is why the construct of optimal plan for decreasing juvenile delinquency should be examined from inside out. The research outlined in this paper runs the gamut of the problem, so that to have a clear idea of sources and ramifications of the school crimes as well as to make emphasis on instruments applicable to break the problem down. Methodology The paper is constructed as separated into two parts going close in their aims. These include the first part discussing on the detailed description of types of crimes along with theoretical background for them. The second one represents reflections on public policy solutions. Thus, the main tools for making this research comply with the federal database on criminology and statistics on crimes at schools as per the recent years. The analysis touches upon the school violence across the United States pointing out the picture of the problem nationwide along with its subversive evaluation. The methodology presupposes using factual materials in their description and further estimati
Middlesex Insurance Company conducts market research on demand to help the management make informed decisions on available products, new products and market trends and segmentation. Market research also helps in identifying specific product attributes that match the capabilities of the target market. Market research on available products also assists the firm address matters relating to accessibility, prices and effectiveness. Market research is an indicator of activities that complement insurance as well as revealing people’s perception, understanding and trust of insurance. This is important to Kate Farm because of the uptake and designing and conducting customer awareness and marketing strategies. Middlesex Insurance Company’s research plan guides the collection and analysis of data in the following ways; the research team outlines the research objectives, the audience, and how the results will be used. The team defines the key questions and points out the primary and secondary sources the information to be used. The research team then makes a decision on the method they intend to use in data collection, then determine and document the procedure for participants’ selection. Data analyzing plan is developed and a timeline set for the process. The team members assign themselves roles and responsibilities for conducting the research. They organize logistics, schedule collection of data, design data collection tools such as interview guides and analysis matrices. The team collects data, some of the main data collection techniques are Mail questionnaire telephone interview, personal interview and online interview (Kotler & Keller, 2009). After collecting data, they analyze it, draft a report and finally draw a final report to the management. According to Talvinen (1994), marketing information system inform the management on the current market trend. Middlesex Insurance Company has developed an effective long-term marketing strategy which is very helpful and important for every organization that wants to get and attract the necessary audience according to Shaw and Stone (). This strategy is aimed at adding more clients on their book within twelve months. The organization uses a guide on’ how to save on insurance’ as a lead generator. This guide is sent via sales letters, newsletters, handouts, emails, endorsement and direct mail marketing. Prospective clients continuously receive mails until they respond positively. Middlesex Insurance Company offers good content in the mailed offer so as not to bore the recipients, those who do not respond within two weeks, are put in another marketing funnel. A newsletter is sent to them, then a follow up with another guide, they are kept in the newsletter system. Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning, and Dealing with Competition Middlesex Insurance Company provides property and casualty policy cover, therefore, it targets two customer segments, home and automobile buyers. Kotler and Keller (2009) classify this consumer segment as demographic consumer market. Demographic consumer market adopts de
In addition to performing some functions, all organizations also have some incentive for their existence and their operations. The goals of an organization are the reason for existence. The activities of the organization are directed to the attainment of its goals. A goal is potential anticipation, some desired future state. It is something the business is determined to achieve. The importance of a goal is though subject to a number of explanations. It can be used in a wide sense to mean the general intention of a company. It can also be more specifically anticipated accomplishments. The concept of organizational goals is more specific than that of the function of an organization. The goals of an organization will determine the nature of its inputs and outputs, the series of activities through which the inputs are achieved, and interactions with its external environment (Mullins, 2004). Therefore, in this section we look at the effectiveness of goals, describing American Airways and its goals, and how it can achieve its goals. For goals to be effective, they need to be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Realistic, Time-bound). According to Germain (2009), the three of these characteristics are.  1. Specific – a particular goal should describe its basic need, in a clearly specified manner.  2. Measurable and Time-bound – goals should be quantified within a specific time period in order to measure the organization’s progress.  3. Realistic – the goals can be achieved with the available resources. Therefore, looking at American Airlines (AA) with its set of customer-specific goals, we can be able to elaborate on the characteristics of effective goals. American Airlines (AA) offers products and services that are mostly flight-specific to its passengers. Even though the AA is the global largest airline in passenger fleet size and transportation, it is constantly looking for ways to serve its passengers and reviewing many new ideas to cater to its customers. Therefore, the AA products and services are mainly depicted in its airline destinations, onboard services, service line (AA Cargo), products and gifts, and new ideas for quality improvement. The AA operates in four continents. Dallas and Miami hubs act as entries to the Americas, while for Europe, the Chicago hub acts as the gateway. On the other hand, the main entry for the Americas and Europe is the NY Kennedy, while St. Lous and La Guardia are local hubs. Thus AA is deemed as the largest airline with the highest number of destinations, preceded by Cont
Alternative: The need to change the lending policies of the bank The difficulties faced by Landsbanki can be explained by the fact that this financial institution had very inefficient lending policies. In particular, this bank gave capital to organizations and individuals who were the main shareholders of the bank. In many cases, the managers could not determine whether these borrowers could repay these loans. Secondly, senior managers of the Landsbanki were willing to derive additional revenues by giving credit to companies who needed to repay their loans to other bank. The key issue is that these companies could not borrow money from any other bank. Therefore, one could assume that their financial position was rather unstable. However, Landsbanki accepted this risk. Thus, one can argue that the bank should change its lending policies. In particular, it is necessary to change their lending policies. They should identify the standards which potential borrowers should meet. For example, one should speak about flawless credit history and availability of assets that can be used as the collateral. These borrowers can be based in Iceland and abroad, but in each case, they should meet strict eligibility criteria. The main advantage of this policy is that the bank can minimize potential losses that can result from defaults on payment. Secondly, this approach can be useful for showing to the potential investors that the bank can adopt responsible risk management policies. The main disadvantage is that the number of such borrowers is very limited. Other alternatives and their evaluation There are other alternatives that should be examined. In particular, Landsbanki should not use equity securities as the collateral because the value of these assets can fluctuate significantly. To a great extent, this policy is beneficial for minimizing these risks. However, it improves only a part of the lending policies. However, it is not fully sufficient for minimizing potential risks. Another alternative is related to leadership and HR policies. In the past, Landsbanki could often hire people whose educational background was not related to banking and finance. Therefore, it is vital to recruit those pr
Healthy Food Health 2 Go will sell vegan, gluten free and contaminant-free waffles that will make even the staunchest veganism opponents entirely reconsider their culinary choices and enjoy vegan food. Rich Choice The menu will include whole-wheat vegan waffles made with oats, soy milk and agave nectar, waffles with mixed berries and gluten free waffles. Health 2 Go will also offer a wide variety of spices and fruits that will satisfy any individual requirements of our customers. Reasonable prices Health to go will offer prices that would range from $ 1.50 to $7 for all entrée items. It will satisfy all customers who want to enjoy pleasant and healthy food. Topical Veganism is a fashionable and topical trend that attracts numerous people by the focus on the preservation of nature and promotion of a green lifestyle. Health 2 Go could help you to satisfy the need for belonging to modern trends. Always Fresh Food All fruits and berries are purchased daily from local suppliers and stored in a contaminant-free unit of the Health 2 go. It guarantees that customers will enjoy only fresh and useful goods. Customization The customers with unique dietary needs will have an option of creating their own mixes of flavors. Health to go is focused on the satisfaction of the most specific customers` needs and provides a great variety of choices. Efficient management Health 2 Go will become a Member-Managed Limited Liability Company owned and operated by the team of its co-founders that have previous restaurant management experience which means that all customers will enjoy the high quality of services and foods provided by the restaurant. Fast Delivery Health 2 go tries to guarantee the fastest delivery of ordered food for a customer to enjoy the magnificent taste of unique, fresh products and still hunger eating healthy vegan food. Mobility and attractive graphic design Health 2 Go plans to open one mobile food truck that will use an appealing graphic design to attract students, faculty, and staff of the Montana State University Billings. It will help to reach all customers and satisfy their needs for healthy food.
Executive Summary The Intellectual Capital (IC) of an organisation entails to all elements of human capital, relationship capital, and organisational capital. Accountants and economists refer to IC as intangible assets. Elements of IC offer a competitive advantage to organisations because they mark differences in performances among firms in the same industry. They help companies control both internal and external processes, relations, procedures, and policies. Therefore, it is important for both organisations and countries to take interests in accounting for their IC development. The findings show that UAE has not accounted for its IC development especially relationship and organisational capitals. As a result, the country has relied on foreign expertise for its national development. However, scholars and professionals warn that this strategy cannot sustain UAE development. In the recent past, the government has realised the need to develop and account for its IC. UAE has initiated changes in its poor education system that barely meets knowledge and skills required in driving a knowledge-based economy. This shall act as a way of changing IC development in the country. However, UAE is the best country in the Arab region in terms of IC development. The situation in UAE IC development requires both public and private sectors to take part in developing IC. Thus, the country must liaise with