ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ethics are moral philosophies that guide every society. These philosophies differ from one society to another such that what is regarded as good in one society may be regarded as bad in another (Mizzoni 8). The world has experienced technological revolution over the last couple of decades. Technology has advanced rapidly during this period compared to any other time in the past. Technology has made life easier for most people by helping raise living standards. Problem solving has also been made easier by technology. While technology has generally caused positive impacts on the lives of human beings, it has also caused some negative impacts. There are some people who have taken advantage of technology to commit crimes. This has led to the emergence of the term “cybercrime”. This essay discusses the impacts that technology has on human beings, cybercrimes and the crimes that are committed against mankind using modern technology. Cybercrimes and cyber-related crimes Cybercrime is a term used in technology ethics to refer to the wrong doings that are facilitated by technology. These are crimes that are aimed at harming an individual or a group, and they are executed using modern technology (Kshetri 4). Cybercrime is a kind of crime that has been growing fast, causing a lot of concern among law makers. A wide range of crimes can be committed using technology. Computers are the gadgets that are mostly used to commit cyber crimes targeted on individuals. However, computers can also be targets. Cybercrimes may have devastating effects on the national economic health or to the national security of a country (Kshetri 56). As a result, issues of cybercrime and cyber related crimes have come to the spotlight over the last couple of years. Governments have now started recognizing cybercrimes as crimes that are punishable under the law. In the past, cybercrimes were not recognized as serious crimes like they are today. In addition, cybercrime has of late become an important topic in the study of technology ethics owing to its rapidly increasing significance. Among the common cybercrimes are financial theft and espionage. These are crimes that are committed by both governmental agents and non- governmental agents, internationally or nationally. Other unethical behaviors that are associated with cybercrimes include copyright infringement, pornography, as well as child grooming among others. These are crimes that have the ability to cause serious effects on affected individuals. It is for this reason that security personnel all over the world have taken the responsibility of curbing the vice. Laws regarding the same have been made stricter (Kshetri 60). It is imperative to note that there are three main types of cyber-related crime that are currently recognized by the law in the United States of America. The first one is the category of crimes that are executed using a computer as a weapon. In such crimes, the perpetrator uses the computer in order to commit a crime on another subje
The role of Education in Democracy can be traced back to the period during and after the World War I (WWI). At the start of the war, many people gave their support to the declaration of war, but still, a significant number opposed the war as a viable solution to contentious issues. Propaganda was the tool of choice for many governments in a bid to win public support for the war. Public Information Committees led by top government official were set up to carry out the propaganda war. Much of the propaganda was aimed at creating emotional effects on the citizens rather than win factual support. The Information committee was able to manipulate the media by limiting the information accessed by the general public. This way, the public didn’t have much choice, but to believe the propaganda from the Public information committee. Propaganda is in itself an aspect of education where the Public Information Committee provided some knowledge on the certain issues surrounding the war in order to win public support. This form of education raises the question of which is the best educational model that citizen should adopt and develop the underlying capacities in order to become a functional citizen, who contributes to the political sustainability of a nation. According to Edward Bernay, through his book, Propaganda , the traditional education, propagated through old ideas, would help in creating democratic stability of a nation as each citizen would only learn only sufficient knowledge, which will make him or her not to form diverse opinions that are a threat to the stability of democracy. This idea is also supported by Walter Lippmann in his work Image of Democracy. However, the idea of traditional education seems to be out of favor with John Dewey, through his work titled Experience . In His work, Dewey argues that Progressive Education is the education model that can guarantee democratic stability as the citizens of a nation will be equipped with the ability to judge leaders and their justifications on policies that they introduce and implement. The idea of progressive education is also supported by Mill, in the power Elite and also by Condit in the Rhetorical Limits of Polysemy. Given such divergent view which seems varied, a combination of both model of education would be necessary for stability in democracy.
Before we start discussing the main peculiarities of the book “China and Its People in Early Photographs” by John Thompson, it is worth mentioning that it is brilliant combination of photography and literature. In order to gain better understanding of Thompsons style, it is necessary to ascertain the major difference between literature and visual art in general, because it will help us to understand in which way they can interplay with each other, and what is more important how they can supplement each other. Difference between visual arts and literature Speaking about the major difference between the visual arts and literature, we should first mention that they both appeal to our senses. However, it is quite possible to say that in this aspect literature seems to be more powerful, because it may have a powerful impact on all five senses. The word, itself is able to call up various associations. The main peculiarity of literature as a kind of art is that it makes us conjure up images, which depend only on the person or perhaps it would be better to say his or her perception of the world. As far as visual arts are concerned, we should mention that, in the majority of case, the images they convey are static, they are not developing. However, visual images can produce stronger impression on the viewer, because a person mostly relies on his or her eyesight especially, if we are speaking about sense organs. Naturally, we cannot say that it is always so, but this is what psychologists say. Photography As regards, photography, it should be taken into consideration that there has always been a heated debate, whether we can call it art or not, because art in general is something that transforms life, changes it. Many art critics say that that photography produces “still” images, because photography does not transforms them only reproduces them. However, we can say that even “still” images may render some information and stir up emotions, either positive or negative. This is the reason, why we should refer to photography as an art. As far as John Thompson is concerned, that he is considered to one of pioneers of photography. In spite of the fact the majority of his works are believed to be documentaries, Johnson is often referred to a photojournalist, because he often focused attention on the social aspect of human relationships, it is worth mentioning that some of them are devoid of artistic qualities. However, the realism of his works produces that strange presence effect, which is very difficult to achieve, especially if we are speaking about photography. Unique attempt to incorporate photography with the written word In his book “China and Its People”, the author makes almost unique attempt to incorporate photography with the written word. It stands to reason, that now it does not seem so unusual, because there are many books supplemented with illustrations,
Introduction The Qin dynasty had its origins from a group of people who were known as Qin. These people lived in a small land west of the Wei River. They expanded and strengthened their territory during a time that is commonly known as the Warring States Period. The people in this period took up legalism and there was no other philosophy writing accepted. Legalism in this case meant that laws that were used mostly in cases would govern people. These cases had heavy penalties and thus they turned out to be exploitative and cruel. The Qin dynasty had many challenges during legalism. However, the system of governance was well defined and hence it led to growth in the economy and the empire was productive. This brought about victory over the warring states and it was at this time that the king declared himself the emperor of China. (Morton) Main Part During the period of the Qin dynasty, the practice of central rule came into place. This principle permitted Qin who was
Workers must have the capacity to access mental health services. Organizations should offer such services. Several benefits can be realized from the provision of these services. These include economic, psychological and organizational benefits. One of the important aims of most companies is realization of profit (Hersen & Thomas, 2002). Employees are expected to exemplarily perform. This is because the organizational success largely depends on the employee output. It is vital to note that the mental health condition affects the level of work output of the individuals. There is a general implication from these observations. Notably, provision of mental health services has great economic sense and advantages to the organizations. This is because human conditions that develop from mental disorders might be detrimental. For instance, the disorders might lead to eruption of chaos amongst the workers. Consequently, such conditions are capable of interfering with the operations within the entire organization. Such incidences might lead to huge economic losses within companies. Certain theories indicate that mental disorders may be contagious. Therefore, psychologically disturbed workers have the capacity to infect or affect others. Such occurrences might disrupt operations within an organization. Companies encounter severe economic losses when most workers are psychologically disturbed. This is because their capacity to deliver is compromised. Stressful working conditions may cause disruption of the communication and feedback systems in organizations. These situations also have the capacity to affect the leadership system in an organization. For instance, they might potentially disrupt leadership structures. There are also increased financial losses associated with the increased cases of psychological challenges within the organization. A mentally stable workforce has the appropriate motivation to excel in executing organizational duties (Srivastava, 2005). Apart from this, team work requires a positive mental state within individuals. Generally, a harmonious working environment increases the worker’s capabilities to attain the collective objectives of an organization. Most companies obtain significant economic benefits from such amiable work conditions. All workers perform effectively within positive and supportive environments. As part of enhancing positive employee welfare, it is vital to provide comprehensive mental health services. Workers are more competitive when their welfare issues are adequately attended to. It is important to provide basic counseling services to all company members. This is always offered within the human resources department. Effective management of mental health issues help workers to nature and develop their potential talents. It prevents workers from engaging into deviant behaviors such as drug or substance abuse. The employees develop more focus and insight into the need to advance their career objectives. Constructive competition is also enhanced amongst these employees. The development of transformational leadership qualities amongs
Introduction Vodafone Inc. is a multinational Company that operates in the telecommunication industry. It is one of the leading companies in the global telecommunication industry in terms of market share and asset capitalization. The company was started in 1984 as a subsidiary of Racal Electronics Plc. and it became an independent company in 1991. Since then, the company has experienced growth and expansion. The vision of the company is “to be a world leader in responding to public concerns regarding mobile phones, masts and health by demonstrating leading edge practices and encouraging others to follow” (Vodafone, 2011, p. 1). Vodafone Group Inc. is present in 31 countries across five continents and its market capitalization was estimated at 71.2 billion pounds as at November 2009. The company operates in Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States through subsidiaries, joint ventures and other forms of investment. The company has partnerships with more than 40 networks in the world. The strategic position of the company can be analyzed in three steps that include the past strategic position, current strategic position and the future strategic direction. The key success factors for the company are effective and continuous research and development, innovation and customer satisfaction focus. The company continually conducts research and development in order to understand the market requirements and employ use of innovation in order to satisfy the market. The company has also invested heavily in technology and the other key success factor is the presence in both enterprise markets in large corporate as well as in the small and medium sized business markets. Generally, Vodafone Group Inc.pursues strategies which are focused on driving operational efficiency, pursuing growth opportunities in the communications industry, enhancing strong capital orientation and taking advantage of new and emerging markets. The company slogan is “make the most out of now” (Vesa, 2005, p. 201). Investment in Industries and products The company has invested in the telecommunications industry in the Europe and other continents. The major products of the company are calls, text messages and other advanced services such as Vodafone at Home and Vodafone Office, Vodafone passport, Vodafone Live, Vodafone 3G, Vodafone Mobile Connect data cards and other Mobile applications. Vodafone at Home and Vodafone Office are fixed line services that deliver customer’s communication needs to their homes or offices. Vodafone passport enables customers to travel to other countries with their home tariffs while Vodafone Live offers communication and multimedia options for mobile phones. The 3G product provides customers with the ability to transfer both voice data and non-voice data at the same time. The connect data cards and mobile
Abstract Preventative health care is founded on the premise that lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions all have a role to play in the health outcomes of individuals. Therefore, the main aim of preventive care is to address these factors and prevent diseases from happening. The methods for increasing preventative care are explored and a project proposed that can be standardized across all healthcare facilities. Some of the methods have been studied and are presented in the current literature. Examples include primary care visits, clinical decision support systems, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The applicability of each of these methods can be evaluated from a project management perspective where the recommendations involve the implementation of a single comprehensive program that incorporates all of them. Therefore, the project lifecycle approach is used for this exercise where four stages are implemented: initiation, planning, execution, and control/monitoring. Introduction Public health is a major concern for many countries, as illustrated by the devastating effects of the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions all have a role in the health outcomes of individuals. Therefore, there is a need to target these factors to prevent diseases. This is the essence of preventative care as practices across the world. The focus of this paper is on identifying and implementing methods of increasing preventative care measures. Principles of project management are used, including identification and definition of the project scope, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, and identifying critical resources needed to achieve the set goals. The implications for this research include that it helps put into practice the ideas proposed by previous work in this area. In its relation to previous work, a critical examination of available literature reveals methods that can be applied to increase preventative care measures. The research strategy involves a systematic review of literature to gather ideas about the viable options and use these ideas to develop practice recommendations. Project Statement The project focuses on preventative care, a subject that has been approached from multiple perspectives in literature. For instance, AHRQ,( 2018) labels preventative cases as a means of achieving health equity by eliminating the health inequalities in a country’s population. However, the basic idea is that preventative care is the best approach to a country’s health outcomes since it prevents diseases and pandemics from devastating the population. According to Ngw
United Parcel Service’s being an international company normally sends its customers parcels outside the United States. One major external factor that affects its international operations is the custom duties. The parcels and cargo to be delivered must attract custom duties at transit terminals, which vary depending on the weight and destination country. The payment of customs duties goes hand in hand with the recording and issuance of receipts of payments. Packaging of parcels and cargo is another factor that affects this company. Goods to be imported in various countries must be packed appropriately. Language and communication barriers are other factors that affect United Parcels Service’s international operations. UPS Company has adopted modern technology to overcome trade barriers. According to Reynolds, (2009), the company invests about $ billion annually on technology. Most of the external factors experienced by UPS revolve around logistics. The company has adopted the use of logistics cloud data systems, which facilitates logistic issues across the globe. The use of logistics cloud by the company enables it to overcome language and communication barriers as customers across the globe can tap into the system, thus sharing and accessing information they may be in need of (Stahl, 2008). The company is also collaborating with smaller firms and empowering them to improve on its supply chain from the suppliers to customers. According to Loudon and Loudon (2009), information systems are acting as catalysts in transforming businesses. UPS Company has also adopted the use of mobile technology so as to make sure its presence and connectivity anywhere and every time. The major inputs of the UPS tracking system include the customer’s details, such as name, contacts, and signature. The system also captures the description of the parcel or cargo to be transported and its destination area. The agency of the cargo is also captured since UPS offers various urgency packages depending on the amount charged. The information captured on the time-card that is composed of package tracking data is later transmitted remotely to server computers for processing, whereby the results are saved centrally and can be accessed globally by UPS customers. The result of the UPS tracking system is the package information that can be accessed globally. The output information encompasses the customer details, the present location of the package, and estimated time to reach its destination. The technologies used by UPS are web package tracking systems, logistics cloud systems, and mobile data capture systems that are facilitated by Delivery Information Acquisition Devices as well as Cisco Systems (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). The web package tracking system enables UPS customers to track their packages in term of the current location under delivery and time estimate for the package to be delivered. This system leads to customer satisfaction because of its predictability. The use of data capture technology enables the customers to send their parcels remotely without visiting UPS central offices since all the package details are captured remotely and then transmitt
The past few months have seen such major political upheavals in the Middle East on a scale that the world has never seen before. While the events in Egypt and Iran have brought sociopolitical changes in the region, most of the success has been attributed to social media sites such as Twitter and Facebook. While former National Security Adviser Mark Pfeifle once broached the idea of having Twitter nominated for a “Noble Peace Prize” (Gladwell) for its role in actively empowering people to stand up for freedom and democracy, there are others such as Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov who question such superlative claims. A careful investigation of the role that Twitter and Facebook played in past revolutions leaves its actual contribution to the cause in question. These revolutions did not happen overnight. On the contrary, these causes took years of planning and a political think tank of strategists to draw up battle plans and make the planned revolution a reality. Those who bother to actually study the history of revolution in modern times know that although social media allows people to vent and openly discuss their political opinions, actual “revolutions will never be tweeted” (Gladwell). Well, perhaps it will never be tweeted or written on Facebook walls in English (Gladwell). This is explained by Golnaz Esfandiari to author Malcolm Gladwell in the following manner: The cadre of prominent bloggers, like Andrew Sullivan, who championed the role of social media in Iran, misunderstood the situation… “Western journalists who couldn’t reach—or didn’t bother reaching?—people on the ground in Iran simply scrolled through the English-language tweets post with tag #iranelection… Through it all, no one seemed to wonder why people trying to coordinate protests in Iran would be writing in any language other than Farsi.” (Gladwell) This particular sentiment made me think about the validity of the tweets being read to the English speaking world via CNN and BBC. We know that Egypt, Moldovia, and Iran are countries that have heavily guarded internet systems. Internet use in those countries does not include freedom of speech so their public access to social networking sites is almost non-existent. How exactly did these people, who are not native English speakers or writers either, manage to tweet their internal revolutions to the world with social media blocks in place? It then becomes logical to think that the role of social media tends to be hyped up because of the cost benefit to the company owners in terms of publicity and traffic growth. The reality of the situation is that real world activism is the basis for all successful or failed revolutions. Worldwide society as a whole must come to the realization that the so-called Arab Spring is not driven solely by social media networks as some cyber-utopians believe (Morozov). Instead, this revolution is based on the clamor of one society for a n