ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The lottery is a short story that revolves around life in an agricultural village, whose setting is in summer; when flowers are blossoming and lawns exceedingly green. The village is composed of a population of about three hundred people, who know each other very well. The men are generally farmers, while the women are homemakers and school teachers. The build up to the lottery draw, keeps the reader in suspense as to who is going to win the prize that is expected to be material in nature, but sadly enough turns out to be a death sentence; which begs the question as to why one would subscribe to such a lottery in the first place. There is plenty of irony in the literature, that is observed where Bill Hutchinson, who won the lottery in the first round; by picking the paper with the black spot, is adjudged by his wife not to be the true winner, because of technical reasons. What is strikingly odd is that his wife Tessie, purports that Mr. Summers did not give her husband enough time to pick a paper of his choice, yet the whole village asserts that everyone was given the same amount of time, to pick a piece of paper from the box. One wonders why a second draw should be made, to pick another winner yet a winner had been expressly identified. This is a deviation from the normal rules of a conventional lottery. The sentiments are echoed by old man Warner who intimates that, “It’s not the way it used to be” (Jackson 19). Evidently, the annual lottery conducted by the village is not a typical lottery in the sense that, the person running the lottery is also a participant. Mr. Summers and his assistant Mr. Graves, take part in the ill fated lottery too. Additionally, Mr. Summers is charged with the responsibility of preparing the lottery materials, giving him the opportunity for foul play, by carefully engineering a ploy to avert picking the condemned lottery ticket; since all the materials are kept under his care at the coal factory, a yearly routine he engages in. There is some bit of satire in the literature, where we see the names of certain characters, coinciding with the events that are unfolding in the village. For instance, Mr. Summers’ name; who is the organizer of the lottery, coincides with the period that the aforesaid event is supposed to take place. Furthermore, the annual event takes place on June 27 th of every year, during summer time. Furthermore, his assistant’s name, Mr. Graves, coincides with the penultimate outcome of the lottery; the stoning of the winner, who in this case is Mrs. Hutchinson. Due protocol was not followed in the second draw of the lottery, where Bill Hutchinson unfolded his lottery ticket, before his name was called out. Ordinarily, one ought to unfold his or her lottery ticket, after the calling out of names by Mr. Summers. In the first draw, Bill was overly cautious when unfolding his ticket because he did not know the contents of the paper, but we can see clearly that he was beami
Introduction The business world is getting more sensitive and very competitive. Given the definition of a company, it would be right to say that a business unit is an entity, a person who can be viewed independently as a member of the society. It therefore, has an obligation to ensure that it participates in the normal developmental projects that other members of the society are involved in. The manufacturing companies are the leading polluters of the environment. The retail stores are also adding to this pollution. Wal-Mart for instances, wraps its products with plastic papers which are poorly disposed and turn into menace in our environments. Many of the manufacturing firms emit the greenhouse gases into the environment, causing massive pollution (Keinert 2008, p. 116). They therefore, have great responsibility to the society. It takes away a very important item which it must find a way of compensating in order to ensure success. There are a number of ways through which a firm can give back to the society. Corporate Social Responsibility is one of the most important activities for most of the corporate businesses in giving back to the society. It is a kind way of appreciating the fact that the community is important. It is a fine way of telling the society that the firm appreciates its support. This way, the society will come to the realization that it is acknowledged by the firm. This would create trust and a close tie between the community and the firm (Majer 2011, p. 64). It is one of the best ways of making a firm part and parcel of the community. This way, the community would not view the business as just a simple business unit out for pure gains in profits. They will see the firm as one of their own and will feel obliged not only to offer it any assistance and protection it may require, but would naturally be turned into a pool of loyal customers. Asongu (2007, p. 53) says that corporate social responsibility cannot be avoided by any firm that hopes to succeed in the market. Coming up with an appropriate corporate
Introduction Listening is one of the essential skills required not only in personal relationships but also in the business world. The ability to listen and select the most relevant information is especially crucial in outsourcing since without its efficient collaboration with the customer (as well as a first-contact resolution) becomes impossible (Brownell 19). When the customer feels that he/she is not listened to properly, he/she usually comes up with the conclusion that the provider of the service is not interested in communication (Stout-Rostron 43). Analysis However, in many cases, we do try to listen but still fail to memorize important facts. This is the problem addressed by the given video: Even when people believe that they receive all the information they need, they usually skip some details that may turn out to be crucial for understanding the whole (“Test Your Listening Skills”). This may happen for the following reasons (DiSanza and Legge 13):  1. When we listen, we have certain distractions that may divert our attention from the subject. If it concerns business communication with the customer, there could be various noises, people talking, and other disturbing sounds. If it is possible, distraction should be brought down to a possible minimum to give one a chance to concentrate on the topic of the discussion and stay focused in order not only to memorize facts but also to give the customer a feeling of priority.  2. It is typical of the listener to assume that he/she already knows that the speaker is going to say especially when it concerns formal communication presupposing a repetitive set of questions and answers. It may seem quite reasonable; however, it prevents the listener from establishing a real connection with the speaker and identifying the source of the problem. Therefore, instead of interrupting and showing that you already know that the speaker means, it is better to allow him/her to explain the issue thoroughly in order to have a holistic picture of the situation and show your respect to the person.  3. In many cases (mostly attributed to outsourcing), listeners are aware of the fact that they hold valuable information that the speaker (or the customer) needs, which makes them think that they need this communication less than the person who initiates it. If there is any kind of debates involved, they believe that they are unque
In week two, a business model canvas of the U.S. army was developed. A business model canvas serves as a clear illustration of the business structure by identifying the various components, factors, and concepts in the business or organization (Robbins & Coulter, 2017). From week two, a summary of the business model canvas can be presented to facilitate analysis and assessment of the business effectiveness in terms of operations and the determining factors for continuous growth. Initial Business Model Canvas developed in week 2   * Customer segments: men and women from 17 to 24 years old, high school graduates, physically fit.   * Value proposition: the organization offers recruits the opportunity to develop professional and personal skills and apply them to national and global security.   * Channels: customers can be reached through various media channels, educational programs, and events.   * Customer relations: the organization provides various benefits, fair remuneration, and invests in the development of personal and professional skills.   * Revenue streams: the organization “generates revenues from the sale of goods and the provision of services for a fee” (U. S. Army, 2020, p. 42).   * Key resources: the main assets of the organization are funding, property, and equipment (U. S. Army, 2020).   * Key activities: the organization focuses on the conduct of military operations, as well as the processes associated with their effective implementation.   * Key partnership: the organization’s partners are the governments and defense departments of the United States, Europe, and other countries, as well as manufacturers of military equipment (Wormuth, 2020).   * Cost structure: this structure includes all expenses that are necessary to maintain the military and conduct military operations, including infrastructure, logistics, equipment, training, and other aspects. Summary Concerning customer segmentation, it was noted that men and women between the ages of 17 and 24 who have graduated from high school and are physically fit are the main participants targeted (U. S. Army, 2020). The U.S. army is geared towards effective service through military operations. It is, therefore, logical to have the customer segment capped at the age range 17-24 years as these are more productive and can quickly adapt to training. The potential for long-term service is also a factor leading to this choice of customer segmentation since they have to be in good health. The organization’s value proposition allows recruits to acquire professional and personal talents and apply them to national
Introduction William Shakespeare in “Romeo and Juliet” and “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” present tragic love stories. Although these two plays tell the stories of profound love, immense pain and suffering seems to be customary. In “Romeo and Juliet” there is an unending row between two families, Montague and Capulet (Shakespeare 5). The main plot of the play concerns Romeo and Juliet whose love defies all odds. Romeo comes from the Montague family while Juliet is a Capulet. Their love is passionate and intense, but their family feud is a barrier. The tragic end in this story demonstrates how love is a cause of misery. In “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” the plot is centered on the deep love between Theseus and Hippolyta who are about to wed. During their wedding preparations, the plot reveals the affections of other characters like Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius, King Oberon and Queen Titania. They find themselves in fairyland where they interact with magic. These characters find themselves in circumstances that trigger pain and suffering because of their love for one another. The story is full of dreams and magical events, which makes it fantastical. In addition, the play has a humorous tone that underplays the ordeals and hardship faced by people in love. The difference between “Romeo and Juliet” and “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” is in their endings. “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” has a happy ending while “Romeo and Juliet” ends in tragedy. Both stories depict a dichotomy between profound love and suffering. This paper examines romantic love as the source of joy and fulfillment in “Romeo and Juliet” and “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”. It also examines how love contributes to pain and suffering in both stories. Love as a source of joy and satisfaction in “Romeo and Juliet” The love between Romeo and Juliet is powerful. Romeo is attracted to Juliet immediately after meeting her. The two of them are happy and express their affections for each other (Shakespeare 48). After seeing Juliet, Romeo realizes his feelings for her are different. Although their families are at war, their love is powerful. Romeo is beyond himself with joy because now; he loves someone who also loves him. When the nurse informs Juliet about the identity of Romeo, she has no desire to end their relationship. Instead, she says, “My only love sprung from my only hate” (Shakespeare 52). Later, when they meet, she tells Romeo it is only a name that makes them enemies. This revelation gives Romeo confidence to fight for her. Juliet’s affection is a source of joy to Romeo. He confesses if Juliet calls him love then; he will be a new man. As their conversation continues, Juliet asks Romeo what will bring him satisfaction. Romeo tells Juliet that marrying her is his only desire. Their love is
Purpose The article Who Stole the Money, and When? Individual and Situational Determinants of Employee Theft? by Greenberg discusses an essential issue of employee theft and tends to highlight the potential motives of this crime (Greenberg 986). It attempts to determine relevant strategies to minimize the drawbacks of this social issue. Design/Methodology/Approach As for the methodology, the critical variables are moral, proximal, and decimal options and their impact on the behavior of the employees was measured by using 2 x 2 x 2 factorial research study with 270 participants (Greenberg 911). The primary goal of this experiment was to design a questionnaire and collect the answers from the respondents of the research study. In this instance, they were given a reward for participation, but they were not paid as much as it was expected. They were offered an opportunity to steal the remaining money from the basket (Greenberg 911). In this case, it was told that the money was sponsored by the individual employees of the firm such as managers or by the overall organization (Greenberg 911). Findings The results were rather surprising, as the employees did not experience a need to steal from the individuals, but taking the remaining amount from the company was regarded as normal (Greenberg 911). In the context of this experiment, it was also determined the reasoning for the actions of the employees by highlighting the moral principles and the need for the ethics program. In the end, it was revealed that applying the concepts of ethics program would be beneficial for minimizing theft among the employees, and offering feedback about its simultaneous influence on individuals and organization would also help decrease the percentage of these crimes in the firm. Research Limitations The critical drawbacks include personal bias of the researcher due to his direct involvement in the research study. Another potential source of bias is the recent implementation of the ethics program and the inability to assess the validity of the presented information. Furthermore, the absence of the required amount of secondary data and inconsistency of the research methods could also be regarded as major weaknesses and limitations of this research study. Practical and Social Implications As for the practical implications of the research study, it remains apparent that the author emphasizes a critical significance of the ethical policies and standards in the company’s corporate culture (Greenberg 999). In this case, devoting substantial attention to these programs will not only decrease the percentage o
Introduction Government parastatals use three strategies to win contracts. These strategies include basic acquisitions, dialogue, or using bids, which the parties must sealed. Simplified acquisition provides the easiest way for both the government and the small entities enter into a bargain. This method streamlines the procurement process for smaller enterprises. The federal acquisition procedures (FAR) engineered the move to reserve the simplified acquisition procedure (SAP) to small businesses. The procedure reduces administrative costs and serves to improve the opportunities for the small enterprises (Ronald & Straight, 2004). Opportunities for small businesses, allow them to grow and expand into big enterprises. The commonest SAP techniques include blanket purchasing agreement, micro-purchases, and purchase orders. Purchase order SAP Purchase order SAP designates an order that parastatal issue to acquire goods or services. This order defines the terms to which the parastatal is willing to comply, including the time, price and condition of the delivery. This method specifies quantity, scope and time a parastatal wishes to acquire the purchase. Qualified enterprises can reply to establish a contract, and be bound by the agreement. Micro-purchases Micro-purchase, on the other hand, denotes contracts that are associated with price limits. For instance, price for the services goes for $2500, while for products may go for $3000. It has several rules for which construction projects in the Davis-Bacon act should not exceed $2000. The government employs micro-purchases via its own commercial purchase credit card. The Agreement of Blanket Purchase This is, essentially, a SAP that parastatal make to simplify the cyclic need for purchase requirements of the parastatal. The benefit of charge accounts goes to the contracting administrator with qualified suppliers for variety of services or supplies for which they anticipate the repetitive purchases. It is a contract and, therefore, excludes the capacity of supply and the state is unaccountable for making the purchases. It eliminates the requirement to give purchase orders each time the same service is incurred. It is active for a specific time and eligible for renewal upon expiry. Preference I would prefer the blanket purchase agreement, because it is suitable for repetitive contracts. Once an organization acquires the contract, it will be renewed automatically upon expiry provided it had provided good service. Problematic Parts of Uniform Contract Part Uniform contract parts specify that the parties, who contract, must quote the price, and if not then the bid will be rejected. This case may raised a challenge due to the fluctuating prices of items (Uniform Contract Format [UCF], 2012). This translates to flunctuation in sales, since price is a the mainn fdactor that determines the amount of commodities that consumers buy, and the rates of consumption. Sealed Bidding Sealed bidding is a competitive buying method that the federal system uses to buy specific items. It us
Cognitive Approaches to Therapy Psychotherapy is a professional way of counseling and treatment of stress related behavior and emotions of human beings. In the recent past, the demand for brief therapy has been on the rise. This has prompted the introduction of cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy is a structured psychotherapy with well laid strategy and goal oriented. Cognitive therapy is widely practiced in the US. It has majorly concentrated on human behavior. Cognitive therapy ensures one gets in depth treatment and utilizes the therapy maximally (Crisp & Turner, 2010). The approaches used in this therapy are quite different from the other therapy. It mostly engages the patient in oral interviews. With continuous interviews, it enables the Psychiatrist to overcome patients’ resistance to the therapy. In depth treatment gives tremendous therapeutic results assuring that the patient is in the road to full recovery soon. The driving factor of cognitive therapy is the goal oriented sessions that keep both patient and doctor focused to assure the patient is well treated. A highly significant approach is by goal setting, which involves balancing of the structure and flexibility. The doctor gets the overview of the situation then outlines the core components of cognitive therapy to be employed to the patient (Davies, Banyard, Norman & Winder, 2010). The basic approach by most Psychiatrists is to change certain part of one’s lifestyle, and this in turn, will transform the whole system of this person. This is particularly significant since it ascertains the positive developmental behavior of the patient. Emotions, behavior and physiology, are connected factors in human life. Any change in a single factor affects the others. The Psychiatrist assesses the strength and weaknesses of the patient and tackles the problem he has by strengthening his weakness. The Psychiatrist also continues this assessment with time cause as the sessions continues, time the patient’s lifestyle transforms as well. The doctors should always be understanding and emphatic to the patient. Disorders Appropriate for This Therapy Cognitive therapy helps to treat a number of psychological disorders. The main psychological disorder treated by this therapy is trauma. Here, it concentrates towards trauma behavioral change. Emphasis is mainly on observable changes in behavior and emotions. The psychiatrist assesses the patient’s
The people who started migrating into America and the music that was brought with them was said to have paved the way for the beginning of bluegrass music. These music include dance music and ballads that came from Ireland, another would be music from Scotland and England plus African American gospel music and blues. In fact, the design for the banjo actually came from the African slaves. The banjo now plays a significant role in creating bluegrass music. As the Jamestown settlers started spreading to different areas such as Carolinas, Tennessee, Kentucky and the Virginias, they were able to come with new songs conveying day-today experiences in their new area. The songs reflect mostly life in the farm, living by the hill among others. This music later on came to be dubbed as country music”. The roots of bluegrass music could be traced to this. Bluegrass is basically a fusion old-time music, blues, ragtime and jazz. Although tracing who invented bluegrass music could not necessarily be properly rooted, the beginnings of the genre of bluegrass music could be traced back to one band. It was Bill Monroe’s band that started playi