ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Germ line gene manipulation (GLGM) is the alteration of genomic content of zygotes or gametes by inserting genes into the Genome of Germ Cells. These alterations affect the genomic content of future generations. With the advent of technology, GLGM is currently performed on infants to alter their germ cells. This procedure is mostly successful if carried out in infants in embryonic stages. GLGM application is used for correcting or preventing genetic deficiencies. What happens is that properly functioning genes are transferred into reproductive cells. GLGM are also used for enhancing genetic cells. This procedure influences traits of the unborn child such as physical appearance or even mental abilities. Successful enhancement of these procedures would be passed to many generations (Carter, 2002, p. 1). Why should we keep repeating bad genes to our future generation if you can get rid of these diseases once and for all? These questions have been going through parents minds since the invention of germline gene therapy or pre-implantation gene diagnosis. However, before parents decide to undertake the procedure, they should look at the scientific and ethical implications of genetically modified babies before spending all that money in designing their own babies. Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis is a technique that requires the use of test tube baby technique (IVF) to test foetus for genetic disorders before it’s implanted to the uterus. There has been an increase of genetic disorders that can now be easily be prevented through this technique, however, parents should note that not all disorders can be diagnosed in this way. For example, single gene disorder such as cystic fibrosis can be examined under this gene manipulation while genetic disorders such as Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy or hemophilia can only be performed on males. Therefore, when PGD is carried out on the cell is examined to determine the sex of the embryo, only female embryos can be replaced (Marcus, 2004, online). Ethically, PGD increases inequality since only wealthy parents are able to select traits that will guarantee them happiness, creativity and physical talents while families of lower class are left to deal with heart diseases, alcoholism, mental illness and obesity. Also, PGD promotes stigmatisation and discrimination against people with genetic impairments if they could not afford the procedure. Actually, testing could promote a culture of prevention and perfectionism rather than promoting a culture of intolerance (Kers
Describe Socrates’ method of Elenchus. How does he use it to search for truth? Socrates favorite method of eliciting responses from those he talked to is known as Socratic Method or elenchus. Socrates did not lay claim to knowledge, instead he went around the city of Athens, meeting and questioning people about religious and moral issues. It was intended to convince Athenians that they were ignorant of things that they thought that they knew. Socrates would curiously pose questions to his interlocutors in a kind of cross-examination, which could strengthen his position on mostly epistemological and moral matters. In elenchus, a response to a question elicits subsequent questions. Inconsistencies in responses lead to a determination of truth of earlier statements; in short a question is broken down to a series of smaller questions in order to ultimately arrive at a more refined for answer for Socrates Seeking a definition of piety, Socrates stumbles upon what has come to be known as the problem of divine command. “Is the pious being loved by the gods because it is pious or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?” According to this reasoning, why is the relationship between “the divine” and “the good” so Problematic? In his pursuit of truth, Socrates stumbles upon a problem of divine command: whether morally acts are determined by God because they are morally good or they are morally good simply because they are determined by God. The big question here is Gods role in what is considered morally good. The relationship between the good and divine is investigated; whether morally good acts are desired by God because they are good morally. If that is the case, then such acts are morally good irrespective of God’s will which downplays the need to worship God because his ability to determine what is good or not is diminished in that instance. On the other hand, if acts are morally good because of God’s will, then such acts are dependent on him. In this case, God’s moral good is not as important as what he holds to be good which might diminish importance of worshipping him because all that counts is what he hold to be morally good. People will stop at determining what is morally good on the basis of the fact that God in himself determines what is morally good or not due to his divine nature. Both arguments therefore lead to consequences that present contradictory nature of good and divine. This reasoning presents the problematic nature of this argument since it has two alternatives which refute the very reasoning behind the original statement. How define what is moral without reference to God? At the end of th
The current paper presents the impression of Mass painted in oil on wood by Franz Wilhelm Seiwert in 1931. This artwork belongs to the Bauhaus art school, which was prospering from 1919 to 1933. Bauhaus highlighted the modernization of the world and argued that art should depict it correspondingly (Gropius 1). Specifically, painters from this school wanted to unite fine arts and crafts in one new approach. Seeing the picture on the computer screen, before actually coming to the exhibition, provoked a rational thinking process. I wondered whether there was information on the history of the painting, if the painter had a hidden message in mind when drawing, what was the public perception when the picture was first released, and if and how it was different from modern perception. In contrast, seeing it personally aroused emotional reaction and a less rational impression. I felt nostalgic, although I had not ever experienced the actions and life that the picture depicted. Probably, these feelings were caused by the Bauhaus artists’ successful intent to match and depict the reality of the modern processes. Thus, there was a dramatic difference in impressions on the painting before and after seeing it in person. Likely, such a reactional pattern was not a design intent but rather a well-known aura effect that each original piece of art has. However, the Bauhaus main principles are reflected in Mass, and, for instance, the people and the landscape are drawn using ornaments and shapes, and the whole painting resembles an applique following the principle of different arts combination (Gropus 3). Probably, the picture is used as a medium because it was the profile activity of Seiwert. Overall, the picture represents the Bauhaus tradition and follows its principles. To conclude, Seiwert’s picture pertains to the Bauhaus school using the main principles of Bauhaus, such as the blending of fine arts and crafts. Mass provokes the emotions echoing nostalgia, which is probably caused by Seiwert’s intention to reflect modern reality. Thus, seeing the picture in person raises particular feelings about its idea, and these emotions are the most salient when seeing the picture in person. Work Cited Gropius, Walter. “Bauhaus manifesto and program.” 1919.
Ethical and Legal Issues Concerning West Jet Access to Air Canada’s Private Information An unauthorized access to a computer involves infringing and reclaiming information, Seizing and varying computer resource devoid of permission from the other party. The act therefore is deemed illegal and unethical. West jet admits to covert access to Air Canada private information. Jaffrey Lafond was aware of possible prosecution and violation that will result in legal action. Extent to Which Unauthorized Access of Competitor’s Information Is a Common Place Access to competitor’s information is very common in the business world today and many such cases have occurred around the world. The internet is an espionage threat to any organization since, with the right technology, expertise and unethical desire to access competitor’s data; anything could happen to any organization. The major reasons for wanting to access competitor private information is access business strategic information for countering their competitors. However, there are a number of legally acceptable ways to access competitor’s information. This are: newspapers, trade fares, plant tours and playing the secret shopper where these organizations employees may disclose crucial information without knowing. Air Canada’s Responsibility to West Jet Company Access to Its Private Information Air Canada should accept some degree of responsibility over West Jet’s access to its systems for not being protective of their system. Information technology expert are dormant on their job, Steps were not taken to change or scrap Jeffrey Plafond’s number and personal code from the payroll system which was a threat to Air Canada. This was not prudent because, West jet’s access accessed Air Canada’s information excessively. If it was not for west jet’s whistle blower, it could have taken longer to catch the West Jet. Measures to Be Instituted By Air Canada On Its Employees To Stop Unauthorized Access People measures are steps taken to create awareness among employees on threats of unauthorized access. This includes; Promoting high standard business code of ethics The firm should encourage high moral and ethical Practices in relation to protection of unauthorized access of corporate information. Password protocol Implementing password, changing password regularly and making sure personal password remain personal. Employees turnover management Checking on security issues when employee leaves the organization to avoid threat of the messing the company in future. Due care when using public or a friend computer When using remote and public internet take care not to store password on hard drive or internet brow
Persuasion has been regarded as a significant feature of advertisements and commercials since their spreading in the early 20th century. The fact that the vast majority of people claim that they are immune to ads only proves the tremendous development of hidden persuasive techniques over time. According to Eisend (2015), people have a tendency not to admit advertisement influence on them because they believe it makes them less intelligent. The purpose of this paper is to examine the psychological principles of persuasion and their application in the advertisement as well as to dwell upon their implementation in other spheres. Various researchers have examined the psychological aspects of persuasion in both commercials and daily communication. The concept of persuasion was explained in detail by Robert B. Cialdini (2001), who figured out its six principles: liking, reciprocity, social proof, consistency, authority, and scarcity. The principle of liking has been chosen for this research. The notion of liking represents directly the main idea this principle bears. Such a technique is used in the advertisement to uncover some resemblance between the target recipient and a particular product. According to Cialdini (2001), the most suitable application of liking is to “uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise” (p. 74). For example, nowadays, there is a tendency to replace models and actors with a perfect shape with average body type people because it creates a sense of resemblance among the target audience. For a better understanding of the topic, some visual representations of the liking principle in the advertisement will be described below. Image 1. Dove advertisement campaign (“In criticizing rival products, a Dove campaign is called unfair,” 2013). The example above is taken from the Dove 2013 campaign. Although this ad consists of two major parts, the first corresponds to the topic of the paper. The phrase Doesn’t your skin deserve better care gives the recipient a feeling that they are taken care of (“In Criticizing Rival Products, a Dove Campaign Is Called Unfair,” 2013). It also evokes a sense of self-worth in the audience as well as gives them the challenge to prove love for their skin. The example below is one of the most successful advertisement campaigns in history. McDonald’s’ Give Yourself a Break is built on the principle of liking, and it has shown how productive this technique can be in the sphere of advertising (“The Best Ad Campaigns,” 1971). Here, one can notice how much empathy is shown to a recipient. Everyone, with no doubt, would relate themselves to a slogan that praises them for any work they have done so far and somehow
Natural disasters and various emergency situations can affect any company’s performance and competitiveness. Therefore, disaster recovery planning is one of the central areas of modern organization management. The case of AlphaPet reveals some ways to address emergency situations regarding such organizational function as human resources management. The company had to face various issues when the area was affected or rather deteriorated by a series of tornadoes (Loepp, 2011). Yash Awasthi, Operations vice president, made wise decisions that ensured the safety of the employees. The plant was also able to restore its functions within quite a short period of time. This paper includes a brief analysis of the story and some other organizational functions that should be involved in disaster recovery planning. Wise Decisions It is clear that the company had an emergency plan in place as the employees knew about the spot designated for certain emergency situations. Such plans are crucial especially for regions where natural disasters are frequent or likely to happen (Wallace & Webber, 2017). Importantly, the executive was not afraid to make quick decisions, which is vital as unexpected situations and issues occur quite often. Awasthi did not wait for sirens but ordered people to go to the designated areas, and that proved to be beneficial for people’s safety. This case shows that plans can be effective and detailed, but the person in charge should be ready to respond to challenges that are not described in the disaster planning. The story told focuses on human resources management and ways to ensure people’s safety during an emergency. Clearly, this is an important organizational function to address during disaster recovery planning as it ensures the safety of people, which is any company’s priority. Other Functions At the same time, it is also essential to consider other functions including logistics, IT, finances, and sales. All these areas are equally important as they ensure proper functioning of an organization. IT can be the first function to consider as it is related to other operations. When considering this sphere, it is essential to make sure that the facility will have the necessary power to communicate with different departments and facilities, as well as the rest of the world (Roper & Payant, 2014). Loepp (2011) mentions that the company managed to locate generators and power the plant and restore some operations. It is also clear that the communication with other departments and facilities was also available since other departments assisted the plant. Proper functioning of the IT department is vital as it ensures effective communication and information sharing. The organization having issues with its informatio
Case Summary The XYLYS blog post highlights some of the historic challenges that Titans faced from their opponents. It addresses the strategies that Manoj Chakravarti has setup to manufacture XYLYS premium brand watches for the Indian market. Through prolonged experience, the senior advisor to Titan industries posts some of the marketing strategy that Titans Company has adopted in making premium watch brand. This watch brand is a product that competes favorably in the Indian market. Furthermore, there are some proposed feasible approaches and guide questions to be considered in formulating the possibilities of the Titan industry on manufacturing luxury watch brands. Issues and Actions In the presented case, it is evident that Titan Company faces stiff competition from other companies watch manufacturing in the Indian market (Mutum and Qing 253). However, such solutions as manufacture of quality watches in terms of durability, functionality, affordability, and makeup of a unique brand are the key solutions to it. Another solution is to adopt a market-mix strategy where watches of different qualities sell at distinct prices. The best solution to curb competition is by branding the product in a unique way and lowering the cost below any other compliments in terms of quality and quantity offered in the market. The company faces another problem when designing the watches to be sold as unique brand in the market. A Swiss-made label is a symbol of elegance and beauty. In this quest, it is important that the senior advisor of the company includes this customization feature in making a unique watch brand. The customized watch brands may attract higher number of customers than in the current situation. The company advisor proposes the application of several possibilities in nurturing the customer’s perceptions about the products. It is important for the company to conduct a research on the customers’ responses to various proposals that the company is intending to make. This factor is perceived in association with consumption and utility trends within the Indian market. From the study, the company can determine whether customer’s stereotypes are present and solve them. Personal Takeaway From the analysis, it is apparent that customer satisfaction and value of products are emphasized highly. In spite of the many challenges faced by Titan Company, it is practical that its strategic plan precedes the rest of the companies in the watch industry. Proper planning and implementation of the proposed plans are key strategies to facilitate business growth ( Titan Launches Edge, the Slimmest Watch in the Universe par. 4). From the blog post, a lot of information has been communicated regarding XYLYS case. The main ideas in the post have
Four Futures In the book End of an Era , Carl Minzner identifies four possible futures for China. The first one is the country might slip into a “hard” dictatorship whereby the current top-down authoritarianism will have total control. In such a scenario, China might become an impossible country to deal with and focus on domestic and foreign policies that resonate with the ones of North Korea. 1 The people will have little or no voice over the decisions and pursuits the government will intend. It will also have negative relations with other foreign countries. The second possible outcome or future for China is the emergence of populist nationalism. Through the current economic and political approaches, more citizens might become patriotic and support the country’s internal and external agenda. In such a situation, the Chinese government will be in a position to control economic activities while at the same time focusing on the best ways to meet the demands of its people. However, it will have negative relationships and inappropriate foreign policies. However, such a scenario might increase China’s odds of pursuing its hegemonic goals. The third possible future Minzner predicts is that of a dynastic cycle. This future is possible due to the recording wrangles among the elites in the country. The result is that the people would be on the driver’s seat and create opportunities for elites to seize political power. The possible domestic implication is that the Chinese culture will flourish, thereby making the nation an economic and cultural hub. However, such ambitions could have negative impacts on the country’s foreign policy and eventually result in new enemies. These trends will set the stage for a possible decay. The fourth possible future emerging from the studied book is that of regime collapse. 2 This possibility might become a reality due to the absence of strong institutions and legitimate agencies to pursue government agenda. This outcome means that people will be unhappy with the country’s management process and engage in protests. This possible future will also make it easier for countries to influence political, economic, and social practices in China. From my informed perspective, I strongly believe that China has higher chances of experiencing a regime collapse. The reason for picking such an option or future is due to the current state of affairs in this country. Specifically, the institutions put in place are weak and illegitimate. The emergence of any form of social unrest or political decompression might occur, therefore resulting in the collapse of the communist party. Additionally, the country’s move to copy Putin’s model and ambitions encounter numerous gaps, such as absence of strong policies and support from the people. 3 These aspects explain why the selected future has higher chances of becoming a reality in China. CCP and Economy The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is presently identified as the founding political party that has played a significant role in promoting economic growth in China. To achieve the intended objectives, the top leaders of CCP began by focusing on the best cli
Humans are capable of extreme cruelty and great compassion (Song 12). This is true and has been exhibited throughout the history of mankind. Numerous wars, rebellions, and revolutions have been reported all through history. These acts usually result in the casualty of many individuals, most of whom are innocent civilians comprising mainly of women and children. The end of the Second World War saw the establishment of international structures such as the United Nations and the International Court of Justice that aimed at safeguarding the rights of all individuals and ensuring that individuals are held accountable for their actions in an event of war. From a critical point of view, it is evident that the international criminal court system has not achieved its overall aim of deterring and preventing crimes and atrocities. There is a school of thought that argues that one of the main reasons behind this failure is due to the limited jurisdiction that the court has about the cases that it can preside over. This paper will thus critically analyze whether International Criminal Justice (ICJ) is capable of deterring and preventing atrocities in a bid to determine whether or not the court has proper jurisdiction. To realize its goal, this paper will first focus on two types of crimes that the court can preside over; genocide and crimes against humanity. In this respect, a critical analysis shall be conducted on these crimes concerning the history, development, and they are handled by International Criminal Justice. Furthermore, this paper will also expound on the elements of these crimes, how they are committed, and the impact that they have on society at large. Based on the discussions presented, a conclusion will be arrived at on the effectiveness of International Criminal Justice in preventing and deterring and atrocities. The Development of International Justice System It was critical to ensure that the Nazi regime and its allies are held responsible for their actions during the Second World War. It also emerged that this regime had carried out ethnic cleansing of the Jew population in various parts of Europe that Germany had occupied. It was estimated that approximately 6 million Jews were killed as a result (Harwood 1). It was thus critical for the allies to ensure that justice is served, hence the establishment of the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg and Tokyo. To further safeguard human rights, the United Nations Charter was developed as a tool for prohibiting aggressive warfare (Heselhaus 5). Additionally, the Human Rights Law was also developed and mandated by nations to safeguard the rights of their citizens as well as individuals within their territories. The International Humanitarian Law was also introduced to safeguard vulnerable