ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The business environment has undergone major developments over the recent years and this has necessitated the need for companies to engage in different strategies. This is necessary to make them more competitive in their industries of operation. One of the strategies that have become common is training and development of staff members at the work place. This is because businesses with highly qualified staff members who have the necessary skills and knowledge have been known to perform better. In addition, they produce quality goods and services for their customers who play a major role in determining the level of business activity that takes place in an organisation. In order for such knowledge and skills to be passed on to an organisation’s staff members, different learning styles are used. These styles are included in the training and development programs adopted by such organisations. This paper looks into different learning theories and styles used by TESCO in its staff training and development program. In addition, it will look at the evaluation techniques used by the company to determine the level of skills and knowledge acquired by the staff members and the different initiatives the government has put in place to aid in the development of skills in the labour market. TESCO is a retail chain company dealing in grocery and general merchandise sales. It was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen and has grown since then both in size and in geographical expansion. Apart from groceries and other consumer products, the company has businesses stakes in the telecoms, banking, technical support and fuel sectors. The company faces major competition from other members in the retail chain sector such as Wal Mart, Safeway, Costco and Trader Joe’s. In order to remain competitive in this sector, TESCO has adopted a training and development program for the company’s employees in order to help them realise their potential and as such increase the performance of the company. Other than training and development programs, the company also engages in monetary rewarding for the employees such as benefit packages, paid leave and flexible working hours, defined pension schemes and profit share schemes (TESCO, 2005, Para. 2-5). The introduction of this comprehensive training program at TESCO has helped the employees to learn new concepts and thus use them in their work places. In training their staff members, TESCO has adopted individual training which allows a large number of their employees to acquire the necessary knowledge within a short time. Such knowledge is then used to improve the quality of work done in the organisation and as such produce quality results. This has made TESCO more competitive compared to its rivals in the market. Learning Theori
Kohn and Dweck on praise and positive reinforcement Alfie Kohn and Dweck outline several reasons why praise is not the right tool for motivation in the classroom. Praise may apply in some categories, as opposed to others. Kohn asserts that praise may lead to a student thinking that little is expected of him/her if he/she receives praise for completing an effortless task. This may lower performance and concentration. Carol Dweck postulates that praise normally goes with self-esteem, which is an outdated movement (Marlowe & Canestrari, 2006). Boosting self-worth does not augment academic achievements. I concur with them since praise may create laxity among students, hence dangerous; however, it can only deliver if applied appropriately. Inapt praise may prompt students to become submissive and dependent on the judgments of others. Parents and teachers should devise a framework that enables them to utilize praise prudently and well. The cited research also considers positive enforcement to some extent, since they are not entirely against the idea. Positive enforcement normally aims to recompense the behavior of students to continue performing better each time. It is imperative to consider some of their advice to provide praise when due. Furthermore, heeding to this advice would aid in eliminating unnecessary praises that may lower the performance of students. It is imperative to devise novel means of eliminating unnecessary praises (Dweck, 200). One can achieve this by setting high and attainable standards that deserve praise. Moreover, other methods of student motivation like rewards may apply, other than offering verbal praise. Encouragement is another strong tool that can replace praise. Factors contributing to students giving up on learning There are several reasons why students give up on learning. It is imperative to note that students would lose interest when they encounter a boring lecturer or instructor. This is factual since some instructors do not create an enabling environment for students to develop an interest in the subject or course. Another reason is studying the course they are not interested in. This may result if they are prompted by their parents to pursue the courses they do not like. Depression is also another factor that may lead to a loss of interest in studying (Marlowe & Canestrari, 2006). This is factual since depressive occurrences normally interfere with the nervous system, brain, thus losing concentration. School drops out is a normal occurrence in contemporary society. Among the leading factors, comprise peer force. Some students engage in peer activities as opposed to classwork thus losing focus (NREL2005). Drug and substance overreliance is another factor. Learning institutions forbid drugs and substance abuse, and the administration normally terminates the studies of the culprits. The family socioeconomic situation may also prompt a student to drop out of school. This may be due to inadequate fees, as well as the loss of parents responsible for the study costs. Teachers may also behave awkwardly thus creating a helpless situation among s
Cognitive development is the way a child is able to construct thinking processes through solving of problems, making decisions and remembering and the stage continues up to adulthood. Language development as part of this and more of it is gained through interaction with peers. According to Piaget’s cognitive development theory, children at school age, 6 to 12 years are at concrete operational stage where they are able to use logical thinking and problem solving skills (Collins, 1984). They are able to understand that numbers, volume and weight do not necessarily change with the change of the physical appearance. Collins (1984) suggests that in order to enhance cognitive development in learners at this stage, teachers should use the technique of questioning in their teaching. They should ask questions of different levels of difficulty so as to trigger thinking ability and also help the learners acquire new ideas as they discuss with others. In this case, teachers should derive questions beginning with the simple or more direct ones that may only require a yes or no answer e.g. ‘are you supposed to cross the road anyhow?’ From here, they should then ask those that require a little explanation, e.g. ‘what are you supposed to do before crossing the road?’ The next question to be asked should be relating the content that has been previously covered in class so as to help the learners relate the concepts e.g. ‘how can you tell that a road is safe for pedestrian crossing?’ Questioning thus will help the learners to involve more of their thinking skills and understand what is being taught in a better way (Collins, 1984). The second strategy is the use of visuals such as charts, pictures or maps. Such visuals help the learners to relate the content being learnt with real facts thus increasing their understanding. Collins (1984) advices that teachers can show the learners some examples of such items then ask them to bring material which they can use to construct their own visuals. From this, the learners will be able to grasp the content better, relate different parts of a whole and retain it for a longer period. Group work could also be use as another strategy of enhancing cognitive development. In this case, the teacher first explains what is to be discussed giving some few examples and then lets the students to go into their specific groups. This according to Collins helps the learners to brainstorm and discuss solutions before they start writing them down. This gives an opportunity to every one to contribute their ideas regardless of whether they are right or wrong thus improving their thinking skills. In planning the curriculum, students’ physical development should also be put into consideration such that it provides an opportunity for their growth as well as creating awareness on the benefits of such activities. Collins (1984) advices that such should be done through inclusion of physical education lessons and nutrition so as to show them the relationship between food, physical activity and health needs. At school age, children are more independent, tend to choose their own friends, are
The Girlfriends is a movie produced in 1978 and directed by Claudia Weill. The movie’s script was written by Vickie Polon (Tibbetts 270). In spite of the fact that it narrates about women, the movie cannot be considered feministic. Nonetheless, Girlfriends has some similar attributes to Agnes Vardar’s movie titled One Sings, The Other Doesn’t in terms of the theme and other technical aspects. The film is basically about two women who fight to sustain their companionship in light of a male-dominated society, marriage, abortion and family obligations. The women strive to keep a balance between their affection for each other and their affection for the men they love (Tibbetts 271). Claudia has kept the slice-of-life movie pragmatic and simple, with humor and charisma under the silence anxiety (Levy 6). The Girlfriends bears similarities to Eric Rohmer’s movies of 1970s and 1980s in terms of style. The Girlfriends film is extremely stark and nothing much occurs in it. Nonetheless, the ordinary nature of the characters appears to attract the viewers. In a number of ways, the cast of this movie is plain and the scenery is very grey. The dialogue is also mundane. However, the film possesses charm and warmth which draws the viewers (IMDB 1). In contrast to the openly feminist angle employed in the One Song, The Other Doesn’t, The Girl Friend’s film steers clear of feminist polemic, first-person storyline as well as the doubtful corroboration of fable and street theater. The Girlfriends film does not make use of didacticism and declamation of the Brechtian technique apparent in the Varda film. The dialogues in The Girlfriends movie are moderate and oblique, and a superb sense of the accidental exists. What’s more, the movie does not purely confront us but rather shuffles alongside, serenely waiting for the audience to discern it. In other words, it is episodic, discourteous, baffling as well as ultimately unpredictable (Tibbetts, 271). When Suzanne and Apple (characters in the Varda film) finally meet at the end of the film, we recognize it as a major triumph for feminism. However, when Susan and Annie (characters in The Girl Friends film) attain their final conspiratorial fete, we merely comprehend that the triumph of companionship is really a hurdling of portrayals. It is liberating as well as mysterious. However, according to Vickie Polon, this theme is rarely depicted in many movies. Vickie contends: It’s hard to think of any American films that have intelligently treated changing female roles…recent films have demonstrated a new the power of women in major film roles…for that reason, am very pleased to see these films come out of Hollywood…I think The Girlfriends is a breakthrough in the treatment of female relationships (Tibbetts 271). The movie begins with both Susan and Annie trying to conserve what they feel is actually the definite boundary of their existence. The first shot of the film discloses Susan taking a photo of the sleeping shape of Annie, her roommate. Later on, when Annie gets married to Martin, Susan relentlessly asks Annie if she is sure the relationship will work. However, Annie settles for marriage b
An effective assessment plan is fundamental to any health (profession) or organisation as it gives the answer whether a project fulfils what it was intended to attain. As such, this evaluation plan significantly considers methods used to evaluate effectiveness and variables to be assessed (Family Health International 2004). Methods  1. The method shall be based on the literature review of the falling cases as well as preventions undertaken so as to fall within the subject, scope and propositions.  2. This will involve an extensive analysis of data collected from Fall Prevention Program (the western United States) and interview of interviewees.  3. Subsequently, carry out a survey on the patients who have experienced falls, or undertaken fall prevention recommendations as well as the caregivers who advance offer care and fall prevention services.  4. The research shall involve the factors that contribute singly or in combination to older adult falls and examine the history of falling, fear of falling as well as self-efficacy to avoid it (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt 2010). Questions or Variables This will focus of the relevancy and effectiveness to achieve the desired outcome, the extent of project input, activities and timeliness. The rationale shall be of immense importance in which analysis of the appropriateness of the outcomes and evaluation of speculation of better or worse results. The questions can be divided in three categories:  1. The patients who have experienced falls  2. The vulnerable victims who undertake fall preventions  3. The caregivers who offer treatment to victims who have suffered fall at old age and also who offer to vulnerable victim’s self-efficacy to prevent falls. Tools necessary to educate project participants:  1. The level of collaboration from caregivers, nurses and other healthcare providers is fundamental in fall prevention and related risks.  2. A critical review of the Geriatric Emergency Management Falls Intervention Team as to check the levels and the impact of collaboration to interdisciplinary fall prevention to older adults  3. The focus shall be inclined on the ranging improvement in collaboration consequences and decline in preventable risk determinants. Again, the evaluation plan shall concentrate on the reliability, correctness and acquiescence of a transitory fall risk screening
Public policies should address the gap between the rich and the poor because political discontentment may cause instability that may hinder the growth of peace and unity in a given state. Chaos commonly develops as a result of economic disparities in contributions that people make to the government in terms of taxes. Wealth inequalities between people create a socio-economic gap that brings about social exclusion. Decisions are, therefore, made based on what somebody possesses rather than the content of the idea they may share to improve a situation. This alienates the poor more negatively and rallies them to form a resistance against the rich. The dissatisfaction in the poor may lead to political instability because the poor may start raising demands that subsidies be set in place for essential commodities and that they are considered in making decisions that involve them directly. Chaos develops as a result, and many people rebel against government bureaucracy (Singh and Mohamed 971). There can be wars among the government departments on the allocation of resources as well as wars emanating from the opposition parties. This ends up causing more tension to the political atmosphere. Public policies should, therefore, be put in place to address these issues in a more detailed manner to come with ways of mitigating them (Raphael 37). Crime Poverty puts restrictions on the potential human access to education, employment, and other virtues that are considered human-deserving. To be able to achieve all these, some measures have to be followed and activities that have to be done to make ends meet by both the poor and the rich. The wealthiest in the society have access to most of the life remedies that may not be easily acquired by the poor. As a result, the poor retaliates by getting access to the same through illegal means that leads to acts of crime. Many people die as a result, and others get injured in the process. Having set out education system that promotes societal education about the importance of being socially responsible is an important invention that should be encouraged (Raphael 197). The policies set should address the gap between the rich and the poor in the society while giving more emphasis on the importance of general social gain of living life in unity. It is also through these policies that the poor who do not have access to adequate education can be taught about the harm that drug abuse causes to our health, effects of robbery and murder among other factors. Culture Plummets National policies teach about the importance of living a positive life by accepting and upholding unique human cultures. However, class difference puts humans into different sets; hence, causing the divide that in turn, make traditional concepts to deteriorate. Unifying factors disappear, and immoral activities take center stage. Families brake and children access to essential commodities and education is deprived o
Executive Summary This term paper focused challenges, which Nike experience in developing countries. Specifically, three challenges were identified, namely maintaining a low-tech, low-cost product, high tariff rates and marketing and promotional strategies. First, Nike only offers premium products for the high-end markets. These products are beyond many potential consumers in developing countries. It was recommended that the company should develop low-tech, low-cost products for such consumer segments. Second, the company must grapple with high tax rates in developing countries, which affect its profitability. It was recommended that Nike should negotiate taxation regime with various jurisdictions and adhere to tax laws to avoid lawsuits and fines. Finally, Nike marketing strategies have failed to focus on local markets. It was recommended that the company should hire local people who understand consumer behaviors and seek for local sports celebrities to endorse products in different countries. It is expected that these solutions will offer opportunities for further growth, brand awareness and profitability. Situational Analysis Nike is a global athletic company that has branches all over the world in different regions. Its mission statement reads, “Our mission is to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world” (Larson 1). The company is currently the world leader in athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services. Nike’s vision is to remain the “leading company in the industry by continuing to produce the high quality products that have long been provided in the past” (Nike, Inc. 1). Most importantly, Nike hopes to continue to meet the “ever-changing demands and needs of their customers through product innovation” (Nike, Inc. 6). Nike uses the advertising campaign strategy to help it dominate the industry. Internally, the company strives to embrace technology, improves its promotional strategies and takes up social responsibilities. For instance, it employed Michael Jordan to be its brand ambassador and built a company logo around him, with the cache phrase “just do it” with the objective of attracting young and middle aged people. Nike has struggled to overcome the allegation of exploiting workers in sweatshops located in Vietnam. Today, the company places a lot of emphasis on its “ (Nike, Inc. 6)research and development, design departments and production and marketing in order to
Stating the social changes and current trends one may apparently claim that the society of the United States is far from piece in its streets and within the crowds of people. The rates of criminal activity are rather high. Many of people tend to take for granted the special regions where the mob influence is felt with the cases of juvenile delinquency or other types of crime. Most of the population is intended to think that the most “comfortable” place for criminals and those who are attempting to cross the border of justice is in the prison with its cruel realities and a lifestyle which prison suggests its “visitors.” Another point concerns a fair question about the effects of jail which can be predicted for today’s murderer in the future. Is the method of placing criminals in jails so effective for the society and for further life of such asocial elements? According to the psychological as well as logical approach as of the problem under analysis the more a man faces with restraints provided by justice, the more he/she wants to repeat some ominous actions in contrast. Trying to maintain the fair attitudes towards those who do not deserve to live in a society subdued to the power of law the social structures in any democratic country are deeply convinced in the way of suchlike rehabilitation which a prison gives to its “attendants”. People are proposed to think over their deeds and harmful effect which they caused toward society in a wide perspective of piece, harmony, and strong control in the relationships of human beings while providing their activities. Researchers tend to think that nowadays a traditional way of placing criminals in prisons is the most effective, but there is a grave question as for the reliability of such perspective in its efficacy. The point is that prison is full of people from different layers of the society and with various reasons of why they once appeared in prison. The flow of this thought reaches the standpoint that for many real criminals living in a prison becomes a treatment for their broken psyches and an appropriate way of life with which they are easily accustomed. In accordance with a traditional way of thinking about crimes, criminals, and punishment it is true somehow that prisons make influence on criminals. One can hardly reject a fresh essence of freedom, when there is enough space for a man to provide his working or leisure time. The limitation which is considered with jail is temporal, but such a great space of time makes people evaluate probably the points about the sense of life and what is worth in it. The field of values is, undoubtedly, touched upon, because a man is able to experience different feelings in his souls. Mentally a man is capable to work out the reasons of why he/she is a prisoner at the moment and what goals should be vital for further correction of mindset and life surroundings for better safety and separation from a bad world of crime and violenc