ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The study of geographical information system is an important part of construction practice and IT. Many institutions around the world have adopted it. There are a number of changes that this field of study has undergone with the most significant part being played by the increased innovation in computer science. GIS has revolutionised the way geographical data is presented. In this paper, focus is made on the systems used. A description of the whole geographical information system is also made. Among the many issues reviewed in the paper include classification of GIS, the four-dimensional GIS, and the GIS subsystems amongst others. Construction Practice and IT Introduction Geographical information systems are systems based on computer technology enabling their users to collect spatial data, process it, analyses and present it in a logical manner. According to Jalili, Hassanpour, and Mohammadi, GIS provides an electronic presentation of information, with this being called “spacial data” (2012, p. 256). This information is mainly on the geographical features of the planet, and includes both manmade and natural features. For the use of the geographical data in analysis, the spatial data is stored in multiple layers. A GIS system allows storage of this information in each of the categories in a spatial layer (Jalili, Hassanpour, &Mohammadi 2012, p. 256). Examples of these layers in a GIS include the information on the terrain, the demographic information of the area, data from the census on the area, wildlife, ecological data, land, and resource uses among many others. A GIS also allows attribute data to be accessed via a link to the information on the map, though this information is stored elsewhere. This information, which is stored in databases elsewhere, can be accessed by clicking on the links provided in maps. Current developments in the GIS have allowed the two sets of information (spatial and attribute data) to be accessed at the same time (Jalili, Hassanpour, &Mohammadi 2012, p. 256). This article reviews the existing knowledge and practices in the use of Geographic information Systems, and uses current and credible literature to achieve this. As indicated above, current developments in GIS have allowed researchers and scientists in various fields to present geographical information in a logical manner. One such development is the ability of these systems to allow the combination of geographical data and other types of data o create a logical presentation of information (Nahayo, Nsengumuremyi, & Ekise 2012, p. 165). Some of the uses that these developments have been put to include the generation of maps and reports, which are then presented in a systematic and easy to understand manner. A modern definition for GIS follows, “a computer sy
Country Size and population South Africa is among the largest countries in Africa, and according to a study conducted on the economic history covering five hundred years, from the period preceding the European settlement to the post-Apartheid era, it has the biggest economy as compared to other countries in the region (Charles 2005, p.12-16). It has a comparative advantage in manufacturing, mining, and agriculture. It has a population of 48 million people comprised of four main ethnic groups. They include blacks who constitute 79 percent of the total population, whites who account for 9.6 percent, colored constituting 8.9 percent, and finally the Indian /Asian who account for 2.5 percent. With this kind of a mixture, the economy tends to become livelier as a result of the tendency of each group to concentrate on a particular income, generating some activities and thus specialization involved. Trade agreements in the market World trade organization (2012) reveals that South Africa has been a member of WTO with numerous trade agreements with the EU and the rest of Africa since January 1, 1945. Numerous infrastructure projects have been undertaken and trade agreements have been signed-in a bid to attract direct foreign investments. However, it has limited ties with Asia and is not a member of ASEAN or APEC. With increased trade agreements with other countries, any company is welcome to invest in the South African market with reduced trade barriers. As a result, Mr. Simple selling to South Africa will not violate new entry regulations established in the country. Exchange rates and the GDP South African Reserve bank is the principal bank in influencing the exchange rates of South African Rand and US dollar (South African Reserve Bank 2012). In the year 2009, it had purchasing power parity of 4.8 Rand per US dollar. This is influenced by GDP, which stood at 562.2 billion dollars by the year 2011. This represented a 3.1% increase in DP when compared to the previous year. Influence of population growth and age Population growth rate in South Africa is estimated only at 0.412% in 2011, which is not quite a high rate. Therefore, focusing more on high growth rate to determine the feasibility of South African market would misguide Mr. Simple. Instead, the business should embrace stratified marketing by considering the trends and preferences of the specific age group. South African Reserve Bank (2012) reports that, about 25.8% of the total population consisted of children aged 14 years and below; 65.8% were people between 15 to 64 years and 5.7% were only comprised of people aged 65 years and above. The same approach is applicable in education levels where 44.6 percent of students constitute bachelor holders and 28 % are c
Biography Andy Warhol was born on August 6 th 1928 in a small town known as Pennsylvania, USA (Imdb.com, 2011). His adolescent life was dogged by health problems since Andy experienced a medical condition of nervous breakdown several times but which he later overcome and graduated from Scheneley high school and then later advanced to acquire college education in Carnegie Institute of Technology (Imdb.com, 2011). From here he successfully completed his studies in arts and graduated in the year 1949 (Imdb.com, 2011). After college, Andy and Pearlstein, his long time college pal moved to city of New York; it was during his stay in New York where he met Mr. Tina Fredricks (Biographiq, 2008). Fredricks, worked as an art editor of glamour magazine and he introduced Andy to this career where he started to work in the firm and did several drawings of advertisements raging from; “magazines, including vogue, harper’s Bazzar, book jackets and holiday greeting cards” (Imdb.com, 2011). After this, Warhol did many other works of arts like painting, designing and exhibitions of pop art among others (Imdb.com, 2011). Later in his career, Andy did film directing around the year 1963 during when he did other several outstanding film exhibitions; however, after what was “a near fatal shooting” by a supporter, Andy withdrew from filmmaking and became a “pop culture figure” where he grow to be an instructor to new artist students (Biographiq, 2008). But even after this it appears that Andy’s life was not about to be completely stress free since in 1987, Andy Warhol suffered a complication of the gallbladder and died during an operation in a hospital (Imdb.com, 2011). Main career Andy Warhol’s career was majorly based in the film making industry, where he commenced his great vocation
Introduction Simulation is a standard method in the toolkit of modern engineers; before a piece of equipment, a car or a telecom network is built, it is tested in a computer model that reflects both the object that is tested as well as its surroundings. This project aims to describe the main challenges for radio network simulators in the context of a “beyond 3G” scenario. After an elaboration on the current practices around simulation in the design of radio systems and networks, the project concentrates on the characteristics of the “beyond 3G” scenario, and the challenges it poses to radio network simulators. Interconnecting building a,b, &c Technology to Be Used: Wireless Networking Interconnecting 3 Departments each having a LAN1, LAN2, and LAN3 Building LAN1 All computers will run on Windows 2000 server and will have a wireless NIC with Outlook Express as the mail client software. They will be required to run software applications such as Microsoft Office Professional (includes suite of applications including, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Access) and Great Plains Accounting Software (for personnel information, payroll, inventory, accounts payable, accounts receivables, quarterly and annual reports, and tax documentation). The two applications will be supplied to all the staff in this department to enable them to access the documents and information written in those applications. However, only the data that is required to be used by all members in this Department is to be shared within the network. You need to configure all computers as Clients for Microsoft Networks, and enable File and print sharing, and share all the peripheral devices such as printers required in the network. All these workstations will communicate through a wireless router. DHCP address or Static address can be used. How to Create a Wireless Network Computer networking is a great way to collaborate with other computer users in your home or office. While it is becoming increasingly easy for the basic computer user, it can still be a difficult, frustrating experience for many people. Steps   * Decide on what type of network you wish to install. We will be covering how to install a wireless network including 2 desktop computers, 1 laptop, and a High Speed Internet (HSI) connection. If you wish to install a wired network, this manual is not for you.   * Purchase the following items for your Wireless Network:   * Wireless router (with switch)       + PC wireless adapters for the desktop computers       + Laptop wireless adapter for the wireless laptop   * Connect the wireless router to your High Speed Connection by turning off all
Introduction Over the past few decades, the concept of knowledge management has become a very common topic in business circles. There has been a sudden rise in interest and activity, evidenced by the high number of publications, conferences, IT products, and job listings. A number of professional bodies, especially PR professionals, IT expert, and librarians see knowledge management (KM) as a chance to take the centre stage in the corporate world. Unfortunately, there has been no universal definition for KM, and there is confusion as what makes up knowledge in the first place. Therefore, it is best to consider KM in the broadest framework (Dalkir, 2007). Concisely put, KM is the process by which organizations create value from their intellect and knowledge-based assets. KM entails getting the right information to the required persons at the precise time, and assisting persons create knowledge, share this knowledge, and use it to improve the performance of the organization. KM can also be defined as a range of strategies and norms employed by an organization to identify, generate, signify, distribute, and enable implementation of insights and experiences (Ferguson, 2005). Frequently, creating value from intellect and knowledge entails identifying what employees, business partners, and the clientele know, and sharing this knowledge among employees, departments, and even with other firms in order to formulate the best organizational practices. It is important to stress that the definition of KM does not talk about technology; while KM is frequently aided by IT, technology by itself does not amount to KM. KM has assumed a near central role in the corporate world over the past few years as millions of persons prepare to retire over the coming five or ten years. A large number of senior employees have turned 60 over the past five or six years, therefore, those of them who have not retired are likely to do so in the next few years (Ferguson, 2005). When they finally leave the organization, the knowledge they have acquired over the duration of their career years about their jobs, the organization, and industry practices walks out with them, unless the organization can take steps to preserve this knowledge (Gupta and Sharma, 2004). Apart from an impending mass retirement, the emergence of outsourcing has forced organizations that have signed outsourcing agreements to tackle the tricky question of transferring the knowledge of their experienced and permanent employees elsewhere, a trend that hinders KM (McInerney, 2002). KM generally focuses on organizational goals such as enhanced performance, enabling an advantage over competitors, knowledge flow, and constant improvement of the firm. These efforts go hand in hand with organizational learning, and may be differentiated from this concept by a greater emphasis on the management of knowledge as an important asset
A brief background As the British for forces entered the city of Jerusalem, it marked the end of the Ottoman Empire and rising of British 30-year reign (El-Eini). It was, however, at the Paris convention that the mandate system came into existence (Hughes). The mandate stated gave right to advanced nations to take control of all the regions, which were unable to hold a government of their own, so those developed countries had a right to form and manage affairs of the developing states until they were capable of handling them on their own. This was the case of the Palestine issue prior to and during the First World War where the British government played an important role in order to regulate the situation and resolve the conflict. The Arabs and the Jews had scores to settle between themselves, that is why their harmonious coexistence depended on the British presence in the region and successful governance and management of both the parties. The British powers had promised to stay in the country until the Arabs were in a position to put up their own independent government. This paper outlines the background of the British policy regarding the Palestine issue prior to and during the First World War. The research is conducted on the policies that governed the Palestinians during the time the British and French governments composed the Palestine mandate. Also the causes of the riots in the Middle East are outlined as a result of the Arab-Jewish conflicts. This was included in the article 22 of the convent of the League of Nations (Hughes). In June 1919, the League of Nations officially signed Versailles treaty. The governmental power of Palestine was under the British mandate, and the country was officially called “British Mandate for Palestine” (Hughes). The League of Nations developed conditions for the British mandate, which integrated the Balfour affirmation. The League of Nations Council The League of Nations Council approved these terms on July 24, 1992, and later made them official in the same year (Biger). The United States of America endorsed and supported the move although it was not a member of the national league. From 1920 to 1948, the British civil administration operated in Palestine. The mandatory Palestine was, therefore, a geopolitical entity by the British government (Hughes). This immediately came into effect after WW I, and the main objective of the League of Nations mandate was to take control of the dysfunctional Ottoman Empire (El-Eini). They intended to be in control of the Empire until the region was ready to stand on its own politically. On July, 1920, a civilian administration replaced the British troops governing Palestine (Hughes). Commissioner Herbert Samuel Around the same period, the first high commissioner, Herbert Samuel, arrived in the country to take up his responsibility as the newly appointed British commissioner for Palestine. The manda
Executive summary Greener is a multinational corporation in the Argentina specializing in timber production. The company intends to enter the North American market to enhance their global trade. This article discusses the international entry strategies that can be employed by the company in order to enhance their chances of success. Moreover, the paper discusses the reason for entry in the different market and how management deals with the different cultural practices of the new country. The paper also observes the organizational systems and the controls that the company may adopt to succeed in the new market. Lastly, there is comprehensive discussion on how the company may use the technology adopted from the new market to enhance trading activities in their country of origin. Background of the Study With the increased competition and saturations in the domestic markets, it has become inevitable for companies to increase their market share by going global. For the companies to ensure that they survive, increase their income and grow, they are forced to exploit and find opportunities in newer environments. However the process of invading, penetrating and the coming up with an internationally acceptable product is a tedious activity. A company entering into a new market faces a variety of challenges since it lacks a lot of the basic requirements that enhance success. With no basic infrastructure such as marketing structure, organizational structure, organizational control and no prior knowledge of the new market the efforts required to penetrate are similar those observed in the early entrants. Pan and Tse (2000) intimated that the entry of a firm into a new market is similar to an early entry strategy in a business. Greeners Company is faced with similar challenges when choosing to enter the market in Canada Companies choose to enter the global market due to a variety of reasons. Usually the principle reason for seeking new markets is the observation that indicates there is demand in the new market. Besides this fact, companies may choose to enter the global market scene in a move to unsettle its competitors who have entered into such a market recently. This move is usually made in order to disallow the competitor a chance to gain significant merit by trading alone in the new market (Brouthers and Brouthers, 2000; Singh, 1995). It is becoming a practice of corporations to enter new markets in order to learn from the different business culture. Learning process can be induced through partnering with local distributors also referred to as joint ventures or establishing wholly owned ventures. Researchers have found that learning through partnerships is usually ineffective a
Abstract The current trend in globalization exposes multinational companies to several human resource management issues, especially when opening new branches in other countries. First of all, the objective of the paper is to investigate the application of global human resources management issues in World Cuisine (WC) multinational company. Secondly, the methodology of carrying out the study involved the literature review, case study analysis and discussion of the results obtained using global trends. The process of obtaining data involved the selection of appropriate resources from secondary sources such as books and case study material. In the study, four issues namely, global human resources movement, expatriate management, localization and global skill developments were tackled. Thirdly, it was established that the most critical aspects that should be adopted by WC include: Selecting employees with the most suitable skills; using expatriates as mentors; addressing skill shortage; and working towards retaining key employees. Employees at WC will have a boosted morale and consequently, an improved performance when these techniques become implemented. Introduction In today society, in order to broaden a business, most companies try to expand their company to go international. As a result, that company will become a multinational company (MNC’s). One from a thousand MNC’s is World Cuisine; this company is a multi-brand restaurant chain that has a headquartered in United States of America. Furthermore, they engaged in a fast food industry for many years and some of the most favourable brands such as, KFC, Pizza Hut, A&W are in their subsidiaries. In current situations, World Cuisine tries to broaden their bus
Company Profile Krispy Kreme Doughnuts was established in 1937 with its first store in North Carolina by Vemon Rudolph who had bought a secret recipe for donuts from a French Chef. Since then the company has grown internally and externally through improvisation and expansion of new stores throughout the US. In 1973 after the death of its founder the company was sold to Beatrice Foods which later gave back the holding of the company to a small group of associates who were previous franchisees of the company. The company went public in April 2000 and opened its first international outlet in Canada in the year 2001. Marketing Strategy The company offers franchise opportunities to investors worldwide who wish to open the store and get full franchise support from the company. The company has managed to enter different markets in different countries including Canada, Mexico, Middle Eastern countries, Australia, and Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The current report will provide an overview of a potential market in Asia for Krispy Kreme Doughnuts and make recommendations regarding the market and the culture that is practiced in this market. Target Country The country selected for this report is China which lies in Asia and has emerged in the last 20 years or so as the economic powerhouse. The country has both traditional and modern values tied together in a matrix which gives it a global perspective. This market would be analyzed by using a marketing analysis tool PESTLE and assess different factors prevalent in the market to make recommendations for the company. Political  1. China has remained a communist country even 50 years onwards since it declared its existence. However, the government also runs a cabinet that looks after local issues in different states.  2. There is no substantial opposition party existing thus imposing some concerns regarding the authoritarian regime in the country.  3. China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipal communities (CIA, 2009) however the power is not spread out and the reigns are only in the hand of the Chinese Communist Party.  4. China has a strong executive, legislative, judicial, and constitutional framework which allows it to offer a healthy economic environment for businesses. Economical  1. China has emerged as an economic and financial hub.  2. China has opened its central planned system in the late 1970s to the market-oriented economy which allowed foreign companies to seek better opportunities in China.  3. Foreign Direct Investment exceeded US$81bn in the year 2007 (CIA, 2009) and many foreign companies have shifted their manufacturing setups to China.