ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Research Problem Quantitative Easing is the latest approach taken by some central banks of developed countries as a means of alleviating the impacts of an economic downturn. Ideally, the goal of quantitative easing is to ensure that there is money circulating in the economy, which in turn should lead to a positive economic growth. A country’s central bank takes this measure whenever the interest rates of the country’s commercial banks are almost at zero percent. Ideally, quantitative easing aims are to lend more money to commercial banks, businesses and individuals to enhance their spending. The main targets for this lending are at commercial banks (Kemp, 2008) since these are main vehicles through which money circulates in any economy. In his article on this subject, in relation to its application to the American economic downturn of 2008, Kemp (2008) reveals that the first country to have used quantitative easing was Japan. The controversy that surrounds the use of quantitative easing is what I focused on for this analysis. The main reason behind the selection of this topic is that it presents an issue that has not found consensus amongst its users. The users here are the economists. To assess the general view from this group would require the analysis of each of their views, which is time consuming. Content analysis can help us infer the general views by sampling the views of some economists. The next step is the coding of the messages from the sample of economists. At this point, the researcher draws inferences from the latent and explicit meanings and intentions behind each economist’s views. How the analysis was carried out A single article from a reputable newspaper was selected as a sample. The criterion for the selection of this article was that the author of the article should have the relevant professional skills. Kemp’s profile fits in with this criterion (2008). He is a financial columnist in Reuters and has work experience in the financial industry. One of the ways of applying content analysis in this analysis was by carrying out quantitative analysis on an article by him. This mainly involved getting a word count of the main keyword. The main keyword chosen was “quantitative easing”. The keyword selected served as the main theme for the analysis. The keyword’s use was in extracting both the implied and explicit meanings, or the main thrust of the article selected. The relationships between the keyword and text from his article were noted to decipher
Introduction Organizational ethics issue resolution business ethics in the workplace is about prioritizing moral values for the work place and ensuring that behaviors are aligned with those values. Parhaps too often, business ethics is portrayed as a matter of resolving conflicts in which one option appears to be the clear choice. For example, case studies are often presented in which an employee is faced with whether or not to lie, steal, cheat, abuse another, break terms of a contract, e.t.c.However, ethical dilemmas faced by managers are often more real to life and often complex with no clear guidelines, whether in law or often in religion. Ethical decisions are things we must make each and everyday life. Sexual harassment/sex discrimination according to the U.S. equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC), sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours, and other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual employment, unreasonably interferes with an individuals work performance Resolution to be implemented. (Achampong, 1999). Sexual Harassment Issue Clarification Despite increased attention on harassment prevention in the business, claims of workplace harassment have remained relatively steady and jury awards have been quite high. Additionally, new legislation adds a provision to the fair employment and housing act requiring employers with fifty or more employees to provide two or more hours on sexual harassment training to all supervisory employees. The company’s commitment harassment prevention training is a critical to our legal protection as a written policy prohibiting harrasment. The reason is simple, the conduct involved occurs in the day-to-day interaction of employees. To effectively and legally handle issues of harassment, a manager, supervisor, or HR professional must know what harassment is, why it is illegal, what to do about it and what the consequences of failure to properly handle these issues can be. Since sexual harassment training and refreshers must be provided periodically, and to all new hires within a reasonable period of time, employers may seek to reduce costs by videotaping sessions for later use. (LeMuncheck, and Mane, 1997). Sexual Harassment Stakeholder Analysis Being knowledgeable about the latter of the law is not enough to safeguard either organizations or employees from litigation or from the less obvious costs of allowing sexual harassment to exist in the workplace. It is also critical for employees at all levels as well as for customers, vendors and other stakeholders to be aware of the spirits of law, which is based on the conviction that treating people with respect and dignity benefits the bottom line. An employee found to have viola
Charles Bernard Rangel and ethics In terms of the ethical issue in politics, there are a lot of cases, when a Congressman is expelled, reprimanded, censured, or excluded for a violation or multiple ethic violations. One of the most vivid examples is Charles Bernard Rangel, who managed to stay in the governmental structure of the USA from 1971 to 2017. In 2010 he was censured for violating the ethics and other crimes of the similar character, though he never admitted his fault. Even now, he still rejects all the acquisitions. The main matters of concern are his unregistered income and using the official privileges in his personal needs. In particular (this can also be called one of the most widely-spread reason), Rangel was censured for inappropriate expenditures of governmental funds for his own needs, renting apartments for prices lower than market ones, and unregistered assets together with tax avoidance. It is also noteworthy, that he was accused of using the free parking lot of the House of Representatives without putting this expenditure in his tax declaration, but later this acquisition was withdrawn. Anyway, the problem of ethics violation is deeper, than simply an issue of the rank abuse. Ethical penalties strongly influence the level of belief, which people give to a Congressman. Being a representative of a state in Congress is a hard and very responsible work. People let the representative be their voice and point of view. When any Congressman breaks ethical rules or commits harder crimes, he or she betrays the given confidence and violates the governmental system, which also gives a certain kind of devotion its servant. A person, who takes a chance to be empowered or endowed with certain possibilities, is at the same time seduced by the privileges he has, as a representative of people in a governmental institution. It is closely connected with the Congress of the US and its politicians in particular and the political system of the country in general. On the other hand, it is possible and necessary to penalize the people of power, probably even more severe than ordinary citizens. If one is endowed with privlelgies and authority, he is supposed to be a modest and deserving person, which absolutely contradicts any kind of violations (Rangel & Wynter, 2012). Third party candidates and their lack of success Another interesting aspect of the US politics is
Introduction The question of minimum income elicits controversies, especially concerning whether it should be made compulsory or not. Mandatory minimum income means that the government would pay a set amount of money to all residents in a given country. On the one hand, the proponents of this proposal highlight the many benefits associated with having people get minimum income, such as reducing poverty and stimulating economic growth, among other related aspects. On the other hand, critics of mandatory minimum income oppose it by citing the underlying adverse effects that could arise from the implementation of such a proposal, including increased unemployment and layoffs as companies struggle to remain afloat in a competitive environment burdened with high tax. This paper argues that minimum income should be made mandatory because it reduces poverty, stimulates economic growth, allows the government to spend money on deserving initiatives, creates more job opportunities, and allows companies to grow. Pros and Cons of Mandatory Minimum Income Mandatory minimum income ensures that more money is put in the hands of people who need it the most. The current labor market dynamics are characterized by wage inequalities with a small number of people earning the highest salaries, while the majority are getting minimum pay for survival. Concentrating wealth on a small group of individuals adds to the problem of global poverty. The lack of mandatory minimum income has created a scenario of a “working but poor” class of individuals in the US. For instance, in 2017, 13 percent of the homeless were working either part-time or full-time (Wagner, 2018). This argument implies that while such people are employed, they cannot meet their basic needs. Therefore, creating a mandatory minimum income and setting it at a reasonable level would ensure that all people are in a position to cater to their basic needs, which means that they will not be classified as poor. Additionally, mandatory minimum income reduces income inequality in society whereby wealth and resources are distributed fairly to all people in a society. However, critics of this proposal would argue that contrary to the above argument, mandatory minimum income would contribute significantly to poverty. The logic behind this stand is that basic income takes money from the poor who need it the most and gives it to the middle class and the rich (Reed & Lansley, 2016). Under a mandatory minimum income policy, every person would be entitled to receive a certain amount of money from the government. Therefore, it implies that the available money will be shared among many people, meaning that wage inequality and poverty increase. However, this loophole could be addressed through policy because it is a genuine concern about minimum income. Policymakers could create laws that clearly stipulate who should receive help from the government through mandatory minimum income initiatives. As such, the rich would not be entitled to such monies from the government, whic
In this paper, I will speculate on Cartesian dualism and Darwinian monism. I will not undermine the postulates of science; instead, I will argue that Cartesian dualism offers a more common-sense explanation of reality compared to Darwinian monism. My argument is based on the belief that the human body and mind are two distinct aspects of a human being. In this way, there are two dimensions of reality: a physical dimension with the body at its heart and a mental dimension that centers on the human mind. From this perspective, the relationship between body and mind can be compared to an aircraft and a pilot; although autopilot technologies are advanced, a successful flight is still impossible without the guidance of the human pilot. A similar approach to determining the body/mind relationship is the foundation of dualism. According to Descartes, the body and mind are separate, meaning that as humans, we are able to perceive that our physical senses that should not always be trusted. From this perspective, we have a mind to analyze all of the signals sent by our body and make relevant conclusions about the reality in which we live. Nevertheless, the thinking process is not the attribute of the mind only. There is something bigger than the mind because the mind does not always operate according to biological patterns. This fact then points to the existence of a soul that is connected to a higher authority – the omniscient god living in all of us and guiding our thinking processes. Moreover, each person “doubts, understands, [conceives], affirms, denies, wills, refuses; that imagines also, and perceives.” These acts are the foundation of the thinking process. In my mind, the array of these feelings is hardly associated with the operation of the human body strictly according to biological patterns, which are focused on more primitive needs. Therefore, all people are thinking things. On the other hand, Darwin claims that the body and the brain operate under certain biological patterns, just like an aircraft operates according to certain mechanistic principles. In this way, the body is a mindless thing, the result of evolution, natural mutations, and hereditary tendencies. From this perspective, the satisfaction of primary physical needs and the following of instincts are the only objectives for a human. In fact, the body is inseparable from need to survive – the essence of existing. If this is so, a human, as a purely biological machine, cannot exercise free will – the ability to choose between different actions due to a sense of responsibility, guilt, righteousness, or any other judgment. From my viewpoint, the idea that we are like machines is not right because we do exercise free will. In this way, the human mind is more than just a collection of neurons that follow a particular biological pattern. Let us return to the example of the ai
Background This performance management system (PMS) illuminates the strategic and integrated processes that will be employed by the Council of Cooperative Health Insurance (CCHI) to not only assess employees and develop their capabilities and competencies, but also to improve their performance and apportion rewards (Decramer, Smolders, & Vanderstraeten, 2013). Additionally, the PMS shows how employee performance will be measured and managed with the view to enhancing organizational effectiveness and improving outcomes for employee motivation and development (Dewettinck & van Dijk, 2013). The main objectives of this PMS include: enabling employees to move toward the attainment of optimal standards of work performance; helping employees to identify the knowledge and competencies required to perform optimally in work-related settings and achieve professional growth; and promoting a collaborative communication approach and a transparent appeal mechanism. Organizational Strategy Purpose The CCHI is an autonomous government agency established in 1999 to regulate the health insurance in Saudi Arabia by overseeing the implementation of the health insurance system, supervising and controlling health insurance companies, and coordinating health service providers ( Vision & Mission , 2016). The agency employs less than 200 employees, with available literature demonstrating that most of these workers need specialist training in health insurance to achieve effectiveness in meeting the needs of the market ( The Report , 2014). Vision The guiding vision of CCHI is “to provide the cooperative health insurance coverage for all targeted population in a way [that maintains] their rights” ( Vision & Mission , 2016, para. 1). This vision underscores the need for employees to provide client-focused and results-oriented services in a way that respects the rights and freedoms of various customers. Mission The agency aims to not only ensure the introduction of competent health insurance companies and certified health care organizations into the public and private domains of the Saudi economy but also to ensure that these entities are coordinated and supervised well to facilitate them in providing superior and more inclusive health insurance services to the beneficiaries of the Act. Additionally, CCHI intends to “form a binding relationship with a society based on a [strategic] partnership with all the parties involved” ( Vision & Mission , 2016, para. 2). The agency’s overarching objective, therefore, is to regulate, coordinate, and supervise the health insurance industry in the country by bringing players together to ensure efficient delivery of services. Systems Results Employee results are defined in this PMS as all the job-related outcomes that directly and indirectly assist the agency to provide client-focused and results-oriented services to the target population. Results can also be defined as “what needs to be done or the outcomes an employee must produce” (Aguinis, 2009, p.
Introduction Aviation insecurity is usually the result of carelessness and ignorance or incorrect assessment of risks that often lead to loss of lives and property. Drawing from a study by NTSB (2003), it is absolutely necessary to carefully follow policies and procedures that are designed to guarantee aviation security. Apparently, lack of security in the aviation industry may also lead to aircraft related accidents. As a result, aviation security is meant to avert aircraft accidents, safeguard airports and save people from attacks by malicious individuals. Arguably, aviation insecurity is due to human mistakes and errors that occur at different times and either interfere with airline operations or put the lives of passengers at risk. Looking at the number of insecurity incidences associated with airlines and airports, it is obvious that individuals who work for airports and airlines must receive elaborate training designed to expose enlighten them about security risks that can affect airports and airline companies. Poor Maintenance as a Cause of Insecurity Based on research findings, human related errors are to blame for the high incidences of insecurity in the aviation sector. Airports and airline operators may be exposed to instances of insecurity as a result of negligence and failure by security officers to comply with stipulated security standards and procedures. Statistically, air carriers have greatly suffered as a result of poor maintenance which often leads to engine failures. Unfortunately, the repercussions are serious and often cause deaths and great losses. In the same way, the reputation of air carriers gets affected due to such horrible incidences. Because of the complexity involved when dealing with security issues, coming up with concrete solutions is a major challenge. For this reason, the security problem continues unabated. In accordance with the Aviation Security Improvement Act 1990, the transportation security assessment team in the United States is responsible for giving guidelines concerning the layout, design, construction, and maintenance of commercial as well as general aviation aircrafts. It is also a requirement by the Aviation Transport Sec
Introduction The industry of manufacturing drone navigation systems is rapidly growing nowadays. More and more companies are getting involved in it and striving to win government contracts. Collaborating with the federal government has many advantages: substantial revenue, more excellent stability, maximum security, and a good reputation. On the other hand, it has its disadvantages, including numerous regulations, slow payments, and a lack of benefits. Nevertheless, the former considerably outweigh the latter; thus, the fact that the Department of Defense issued a one million dollar contract to a company specializing in the manufacture of drone navigation systems is likely to attract much attention. VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. are the main competitors for this government contract, and it is vital to determine the most worthy winner. The history of VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. (300 words) Both VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. have proved to have their strengths and weaknesses, which are crucial for the auditor, who has to choose the most suitable company for the contract. They are high-tech firms that do their best to stick to the demands of the modern world. Their visions and missions reveal their values and ideas about the present and the future of the drone industry. The companies’ executives and employees endeavor to follow their visions and missions regardless of severe problems they may face. First, Universal Drones Inc. was one of the first in its industry, and it brilliantly succeeded in providing customers with high-quality products. It was formed to make drones more accessible for both ordinary people and different institutions. The firm’s vision communicates the idea of encouraging individuals from diverse backgrounds to look at things from various perspectives through modern technology. Universal Inc. focuses on people who intend to interact with the environment to create something new and useful. Besides, the best engineers from all over the world assemble its products. However, the company’s pric
Introduction Respiratory diseases are some of the most prevalent and costly illnesses affecting the American population today. Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases and it affects an estimated 24.6 million people in America. However, the occurrence of Asthma is not uniform across the US population. Research indicates that the prevalence rate of asthma is higher among African Americans than among whites in the US (Office of Minority Health, 2012). This paper will set out to investigate asthma in the African American community with a focus on why the disease is prevalent in this population group. The paper will also highlight the effects that the treatment options used by African Americans have on the prevalence of the disease. Description of the Disease Asthma is a distressing and often disabling condition that can sometimes lead to death. By definition, asthma is “a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by acute exacerbations of reversible airway obstruction” (Leach, 2010, p.193). The airway obstruction is also caused by the tightening of the muscles along the lung’s airways. Asthma is characterized by a hyperirritability of the airway to various stimuli. Individuals suffering from asthma have some degree of airway obstruction at all times. The airway obstruction becomes severe if the person is exposed to triggers, which might include smoke, pollen, air pollutants, and cold air to name but a few. Asthma is separated into several subtypes, which are; allergic, exercise-induced, nocturnal, and occupational asthma. Asthma among African Americans In the US, African Americans have the highest rates of asthma infections with the disease affecting 10.5% of this race while only 7.8% of the Caucasian population is affected. This represents a 35% difference in the rate of asthma prevalence between the two groups. Silvers and Lang (2012) observe that in addition to the high prevalence rates, African Americans are more likely to suffer from severe forms of asthma. This observation is corroborated by the American Lung Association (2010), which reveals that the death rate due to asthma is 3 times higher in the African American population than in the Caucasian population. Factors that Make African Americans Vulnerable The low socioeconomic status of many African Americans predisposes this group to asthma. A low socioeconomic status means that families will live in poor communities where living conditions exacerbate asthma. In addition to this, poverty reduces the chances of getting proper medical attention. Research indicates that African Americans are more likely to lack routine health care than Caucasians (Silvers & Lang, 2012). Even when health care is provided, there is a disparity in the quality of care among races with many African Americans receiving suboptimal care. The genetic makeup of African American’s further predisposes them to asthma development.