ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In my opinion ours is a culture obsessed with the idea of perfect beauty; flawless skin, blemish free features, thin waistlines, striking eyes, perfect noses and not a pimple in sight yet such an obsession has been fueled by nothing more than lies and hypocrisy with popular culture icons using such lies to distort reality all for the sake of making money (Peterson, 1). What I’m talking about is the sheer amount of altered, retouched and utterly fabricated photos that appear on today’s billboard ads, magazine covers and online advertisements with models appearing flawlessly beautiful, unnaturally thin and possessing skin tones that are so smooth and perfect that you would think that they were paintings. Such beauty and elegance can be summed up in one word “Photoshop”; they aren’t real, no one has eyes that striking, no one has legs that flawless, people don’t glisten in natural light, they really aren’t that thin, and hair doesn’t normally shimmer that way as if they stepped straight out of a Palmolive commercial (Coen, 1). It is fake, unnatural yet it has created an obsession with beauty and perfection that has dominated the fashion industry resulting in the proliferation of photoshopped imagery on almost every page of major fashion magazines around the world. Why is Photoshop Extensively Used? When examining the extent of photoshopping in today’s magazine and print ad industry it must be questioned as to why the practice was instituted in the first place. When examining models from the 1960s, 70s, and 80s it can clearly be seen that the women in the photos had fuller figures than the models of today. Back then such models were considered the most beautiful women on the planet regardless of any slight imperfections seen on their skin or bodies. It was only by the mid 90s that the idea of beauty started to shift with models becoming skinnier and skinnier resulting in the almost skeletal like figures that we see today. On the other hand it must be noted that from a historical perspective making people look better than they actually were has been around for quite literally hundreds of years. Paintings of historical figures such as Catherine the Great, Elizabeth the I, Henry the VIII and a plethora of such figures always portray the subjects in the painting as having flawless skin, imposing figures and beautiful proportions yet in reality such individuals had far from ideal visual appearances. It is a well known fact that Elizabeth the I rarely took a bath, had terrible teeth and was no
Ultrasound Scanning has become a very common and reliable method of diagnosing health conditions in patients. This method is considered safer than x-rays. Therefore it is commonly used for pregnancy scanning and scanning most of the parts of the human body. The basic technology used in Ultrasound Scanning is similar to the technique used by bats, ships, and fishermen for communication. The fundamental idea is based on the fact that a sound wave, when hit on an object, bounces back or reverberates. An image is created based on the intensity of the returning echo. The calculation is based on the time taken by the wave to return by measuring the distance, mass, nature, and stability of the object hit. The best aspect of ultrasound scan is that there is no hazardous ionizing radiation exposure, and it is a real-time use. The scanned image can be seen on a computer screen while scanning is done. Ultrasound scanning is usually done to either examine the internal organs or blood vessels. The images can be 3-D or 4-D, wherein the 3-D image will be in motion. Doppler Ultrasound assesses the blood flowing through the arteries and veins in the arms, legs, neck, and abdomen. The three types of Doppler scans are Color Doppler, Power Doppler, and Spectral Doppler scans (General Ultrasound Imaging. 2008.) How it works The ultrasound machine has a handheld probe used on the body where scanning has to be done. This probe sends and receives the high-frequency sound waves over a water-based gel, which is applied to the skin. The probe contains many transmitters set lengthwise in a straight line. A short pulse of ultrasound is produced when five of the transmitters fire concurrently. This short pulse moves away from the probe in a thin line. The same transmitters then receive the echo and measure the same. The process is repeated along the length of the probe. The distance is measured based on the time taken for the echo assuming sound travels at a constant velocity of 1540 m/s. This length of the echo is represented by the brightness on the screen display. A single pulse’s path is considered a beam. The thickness of the beam decides the lateral resolution. The duration of the pulse determines the axial resolution. Usually, the highest frequency pulses are used for shorter pulses and faster responses. The bright appearance of leathery composition such as tendons and of boundaries between different layers of tissues becomes possible due to Specular reflection. This happens due to the di
The article I am using for the analysis explores the relationships between strong and weak economies in the United States existing next to each other. The economic situations of various states are carefully followed and watched by the United States Government, and every year the Legislative Exchange Court releases a report about the wealthiest and poorer states, elaborating and analyzing the economic policies of these states, the report also presents ranking of the states that is based on their capacity of economic growth and progress ( Roff, 2014). The article states that the latest edition of the report noted that the states where the taxes are lower have more economic growth, opportunities for job creation, and in-migration. The report recommends that the states that have a goal to become more economically prosper and competitive should work on lowering their taxes. According to the rating, Texas, Utah, Wyoming, and North Dakota are the major forces moving the national economy. The progress happening in these states fully depends on the state economic policy, as the main factors for the rating were Domestic Product Gross, Domestic Migration, and Non-Farm Payroll Employment. The topic of this article is economic growth that includes both the economy of the whole country and each state separately. The author of the article explains which aspects influence the economic wellness of the United States and how each of the states could improve their performance in order to help the economy of the country. It is a well-known fact that the states of America have been involved in a competition for generations. The article describing the report that is being released every year by the American Legislative Exchange Court explains the opinion of the economic theoreticians and experts about the factors forming and moving the national economy of the United States. Creating more job opportunities and lowering the taxes are very important factors to attract more potential employees to the state, which will definitely improve its current economic position in the rating of all states. Apparently, Texas is one of the states where the political leaders and aware of this tendency and know the best ways of achieving economic prosperity and development. The question of stimulation of economic growth is crucial for the United Stated nowadays, and as the author of the article notices, the several most successful states cannot and should not be dragging the whole county’s economy on their shoulders, it is time for other states to start working on changes for their policies to create a better economic environment. A very important factor that tends to drag the development of the American economy down is inequality. President Obama in his speech mentioned that “inequality is up while social mobility is down,” he stated that this situation is bad for the economy of the country, such tendencies should be addressed, and the level of inequality must be reduced (Brodwin, 2014). The late
Introduction When a hypothetical utility has to test its cables, the choice has to be made on the basis of several values that require organizations to check in with the quality of cables and their life cycles. Even though many utilities tend to overlook the importance of cable-testing activities, it may be safe to say that the inability to test cables in time might result in costly emergency repairs and damage given to adjacent cables. From the commercial point of view, this could lead to decreased consumption revenue and multiple malcontent customers. This is why many organizations embrace very-low-frequency (VLF) testing of cables and ensure that bad cables are recurrently weeded out and replaced by new ones. In the future, if the IEEE releases a new standard, the VLF is going to become a unified procedure aimed to reduce the occurrence of cable failures and develop an ethic of proper workmanship. As a decent splice checker, the VLF could also be utilized to test substation cables, newly-installed equipment, and vital feeder runs. The current paper aims to review the key elements of the VLF cable testing and outline the potential areas of development that could be addressed by the experts in the field to improve the quality of cables and protect organizations from unwanted power outages and collateral damage. Review of Evidence Power Frequency Test Voltage and Medium Voltage Power Cable As it was suggested by the authors of the Reference [1], high potential tests may only be survived by medium-voltage power cables under the condition where there are heat shrink terminations. Also, i
Introduction The Custody Policy clearly defines the importance of handling evidence with integrity. To avoid flaws that emanate from the tampering and altering of evidence, a Chain of Custody Policy has been initiated. The components of this policy include data collection, its study, and finally its preservation until the time it is produced in court. In this era of technology, it has become very easy to alter electronically stored data. This is one reason why the Chain of Custody Policy has been upgraded to ensure that electronic data is copied well and that it is safely transported and stored without any events of alterations (Applied Discovery, 2004). This paper delves deeply into the Chain of Custody Procedures in matters regarding the acceptance and handling of evidence. Chain of Custody Procedures An effective Chain of Custody Procedure must have proper documentation that backs up the available evidence. This documentation is supposed to be accessible to the law whenever required and the systems that handle it must be documented. The Chain of Custody Procedures is characterized by filling in a form whereby the first person to encounter the evidence records his name. This is followed by recording the date and time when the evidence was collected. The place where this evidence was collected must also be documented as part of the procedure. The evidence custodian’s name is included as it is important to know who is handling the evidence (Applied Discovery, 2004). In addition, the acceptance and handling of evidence require data description that entails a clear and detailed account of the evidence. These details include the type of data collected, the labeling, media type, data characterization, amount, write protection, as well as serial or volume numbers. To complete the Chain of Custody Procedures form, all the tools used are listed which go together with the problems encountered when collecting this evidence. The person who conducted this procedure lists the outcomes and appends his name to the form (1). An additional form that applies in cases where the evidence is moved from the place of collection to its storage is also available. This form is important in that it verifies that the evidence was indeed moved from location A to B and for what purposes. The date and time when this took place are recorded and this is accompanied by a thorough inspection to ensure that all the details are intact. The data analysis is also described to allow for efficient and smooth data transmission (1). Upholding evidence integrity Credibility is a factor when it comes to handling evidence as it dictates whether a piece of evidence will be acceptable or not. There are various types of evidence such as forensic evidence, digital evidence, and physical evidence and their handling differ. For forensic evidence, the use of gloves is necessary for the handling of evidence and they must be changed if handling different types of evidence. This evidence is then packaged separately and then labeled clearly with a date of collection, the case,
Background information Samsung is a South Korean corporate entity that engages in diverse commercial activities around the world. During its inception in 1938, the organization sufficed as a trading company (Schein 2012). According to Lee Byung-Chul, its founder and inaugural chairman, there was need for an organization that catered for numerous needs that characterized human existence during that period. The organization sought to establish operations in lucrative areas of interest within the global economic landscape (Schein 2012). The company ventured into diverse areas such as manufacturing, construction, insurance, hospitality, and retail distribution. Involvement in such areas ameliorated the company’s stature as a leader in global commerce and industry. In the late 1960s, the company initialized operations in development and distribution of electronic goods (Schein 2012). Following the demise of its founder and chairman, Samsung split into four corporate entities that would spearhead its clamour for dominance in diverse areas of interest. The entities included Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group, and Hansol Group. The company has several subsidiaries that coordinate business undertakings across the world. Samsung Electronics Company Limited is an example of its subsidiaries that continue to achieve unprecedented success in contemporary commercial undertakings (Schein 2012). Samsung Electronics Company Limited continues to expand its operations into new market across the world. By the end of 2013, the subsidiary had 236, 000 employees. These employees contribute to daily operations that characterize existence and propagation of this corporate entity in contemporary corporate landscapes. Samsung Electronics Company is a competitive organizational entity that offers solutions in realms of technology and relevant devices that suffice in this area of interest (Schein 2012). It focuses on innovation and customer innovation at all times. All its products are usually relevant and cognizant of prevailing needs in the market. Samsung Electronics Company operates over 200 subsidiary outlets in 80 countries. This gives it competitive advantage over other players in the market. This has contributed to recurrent profitability and progress in the market. For instance, the company’s profits in 2012 totalled to USD 22.8 billion (Schein 2012). Products offered by Samsung Electronics Company Samsung Electronics Company limited is known for its diverse products and services that guarantee customer satisfaction. Most
Introduction The media influence how people perceive gender equality. As such, the media portrays how different genders relate. In the recent past, the media have been condemned for compromising on the intention of realizing gender equality. Similarly, they have been accused of propagating undesirable gender prejudices. According to women activists, the media misrepresent and portray women as sexual objects. With respect to utilitarianism theory, the media should end gender prejudices by implementing policies that please all parties (Singer, 2003). Critics suggest that the theory should not be adopted because it may perpetuate immoral acts while trying to please the involved parties. In spite of the critics’ sentiments, the media should formulate and implement decisions that will enhance happiness for both parties. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a moral concept, which determines right and wrong based on the results of selecting an act or rule over other acts or rules (Singer, 2003). The standard of utility is evaluated against every other action in a circumstance of choice. With respect to consequences, utilitarianism encompasses all the good and bad effects resulting from the decision chosen. The effects are considered whether the decision has been implemented or not. When the dissimilarities between the consequences of options are not great, the options are not perceived as being moral. Mill (2013) suggests, “Actions or decision should be perceived as ethically right or wrong when the repercussions are of such significance that an individual would desire to see the cause compelled to perform in the favoured way” (Haines, 2014). Unlike deontology theory, the concept moves away from the choice of an individual’s welfares and takes into account the welfares of everyone. Application With respect to utilitarianism, the media should end gender prejudices by choosing decisions based on the consequences of their choices. The media should settle on a choice that will enhance happiness between both parties. As such, the media have distorted the perception of women in society by misrepresenting them, displaying them as submissive beings, and by portraying them as sexual objects. They should try to expand their boundaries to allow the equal representation of all genders in the industry. Similarly, they should stop depicting women as sexual objects. By doing so, the industry will enable women to compete equally with their male counterparts. Women will also get equal opportunities as men do in the industry. In addition, the media will enhance their reputation by enhancing equal representation. Based on the above illustrations, it is apparent that the above acts will result in maximum happiness between both parties. Objection According to those w
Introduction A learning organization is considered to be one that has the following characteristics: One that remembers and learns; one that esteems public recording; and one that applies learning to modify individual policies and process. The following are the forces that influence an organization to grow to a learning organization: Power of customers, information power, power of global investors, simplicity power, and organizational power (Cors, 2003). Organizational Culture Ascent was a company run by one person, the managing director who made all the decisions and strategic plans. There was limited contact and interaction between the top management and the employees and also there were no meetings that were held between the management team and the employees of the company. This took place irrespective of the fact that the management team held several meeting without inviting the employees. The company did not practice delegation of authority, and any decision had to be ratified by the managing director, Raj. All these resulted in a climate of mistrust and lack of commitment and frustration by the employees leading to low productivity. Conflict often arose between the local and the foreign staff as well as between the management and the junior staff. The corporate culture in Ascent was rigid, highly centralized and with a transactional kind of leadership; it lacked regular and proper training plans and programs. Ascent lacked goals, purpose and cultural base. Culture is considered a part and parcel of an organization since it can influence the attitudes, the behavior and the effectiveness of the employees, and it is a proper organizational culture that was missing at Ascent. Since organizational culture concerns with shared expectations, attitudes and values, it can influence group, individual and organizational process (Gibson & Ivencevich, 2005). Group and Team Behavior When Thomas assumed responsibility at Ascent limited, he noticed some serious problems in his consulting team, which led to dismal performance while preventing them from finishing their tasks in time. These problems were witnessed despite the employees being adequately qualified and having the requisite skills. This was necessitated by the fact that employees hailed from different and diverse backgrounds and expatriates who subscribed to virtually different cultures; this had the net effect of hindering team work. Organizational employees need to think, learn and act as a team. A team behavior is necessary for the employees to share their experiences with other groups within an organization (Champoux, 2010). Conflict and Negotiations It is evident that there was no cohesiveness between the management and the employees at Ascent and between the management itself. This was largely due to the autocratic leadership of Raj and the inability of the management to hold meetings. Along that vein, the employees were not to work together as a team. The employees reacted angrily to the a
Introduction Kawasaki disease is described as an acute febrile illness. KD patients have inflammation which is usually small or medium-sized blood vessels throughout their body, in specific, in the coronary arteries such as the blood vessels around the heart [1]. It was first described in Japan in 1967 by the pediatrician Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki and initially was designated as the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome [2]. KD is described as an immune-mediated vasculitis with limited clinical course and unknown etiology. Without therapy, manifestations of acute inflammation and fever may last for about 12 days [1]. The disease gets complicated when the development of aneurysms occurs in coronary arteries which can lead to myocardial ischemia or infarction (MI). However, untreated KD patient usually develops coronary artery aneurysms. Recent research has concluded that with early detection of the disease and punctual initiation of medication with either aspirin or intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), the death rate has reduced drastically with the prevalence of coronary artery aneurysms being approximated as 5 percent [3]. Epidemiology It has been established that children of Asian descent whether in Asia or those scattered in the world possess a greater incidence of KD. Reported statistics show that over 80% of KD cases are of children under the age of 5 years with a considerable peak of 1-2 years of age. However, Kawasaki disease is relatively uncommon in children under the age of six months of age, children in their late childhood age, and adults. In addition, KD is more prevalent in boys than girls. Japan is the most affected with Kawasaki disease and about 100,000 cases have been reported since its first described case in 1967. In Japan, 100 per 100,000 cases of KD are usually reported every year. However, the incidence of KD is increasing as a well-presented study in 14 years from 1987 to 2000 indicated [4]. China and Taiwan have also high reported KD cases reaching up to 66 per 100,000 annually [5]. In another survey in Beijing hospitals, an increase in Kawasaki disease has been reported from 41/100,000 in the year 2000 to about 51/100,000 in 2004 [6]. In the United States, a high incidence rate of KD was noted among the Asians and Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and non-Hispanics [7]. The increase was moderate compared to the Asian countries. Etiology The etiology of KD remains unknown. Several theories have been linked to its cause. However, the most likely cause of KD remains through infectious organisms which cause problems to a certain group of individuals. Immunologic response The abnormalities of the immune system have been associated with KD.