ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Detailed Description of the Disorder Breast cancer is a malevolent tumor that develops in cells of the breast. There are several types of breast cancer, which include ductal carcinoma in situ that does not proliferate and is easily treated. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common breast cancer, accounting for about 80 percent of all invasive cancers. The key symptom of breast cancer is the occurrence of a protuberance in the breast. In addition, the nipple becomes painful and releases a discharge. The breast also becomes engorged and has a reddish color around the nipple. A screening mammography, scrutiny of the patient’s family history and a breast examination help in the diagnosis of breast cancer (Breast Cancer Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, n.d.). There are many treatment options for breast cancer depending on the type and level of progression of the condition. These treatment options include surgery to detach the tumor and surrounding cells, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone treatment, and gene (targeted) therapy (Batra & Jajoo, 2011). Several treatment options can be used to ensure complete elimination of the malignant tissues. The length of the recovery period depends on the therapy. For example, a lumpectomy requires one to two weeks while radiation therapy needs one to six weeks to heal. Chemotherapy, on the other hand, needs three to six months. Breast cancer survival rate decreases with the increase in the level of disease progression before the initial diagnosis. A five-year survival rate indicates that the survival chances are 88% for cancer diagnosed at stage I and 15% for stage IV cancer (Breast Cancer Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, n.d.). Cognitive Functions (+): Breast cancer does not significantly affect the concentration of my client, Mrs. Smith. Her memory state is the same as it was before the diagnosis. I do not expect breast cancer to compromise her concentration, memory or her problem solving ability unless it recurs and necessitates that she undergoes further treatment. (-): She sometimes looks distracted and does not pay attention. A slight reduction in her attention span occurs with the increase in time as evidenced in a study by Hedayati et al. (2011). Sensory Functions (+): Mrs. Smith’s sensory functions are intact including the visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory functions since breast cancer does not affect the brain. (-): She is tremendously sensitive to pain, which implies that her tactile senses are extremely sharp. Motor Functions (+): Mrs. Smith’s motor functions are fair especially the fine motor functions and balance. She can still do most of the little things she used to do before her cancer diagnosis and treatment. (-): Her gross motor function suffers a lot because she complains of a sharp pain whenever she lifts a heavy object or moves her body vigorously. This affects her relationship with her children because she no longer participates in outdoor games with them. Emotional/Behavioral Functions (+): There is no likelihood of substance abuse by Mrs. Smith because she is extremely enth
Introduction Building a tea house and organizing its activities are tasks that require excellent knowledge of the complexity of key concepts in Chinese art history. The tea ceremony is the core element in understanding Chinese cultural life and its development patterns (Schroeder, Borgerson & Wu 2015). In China, tea drinking is more than a mere ritual of consuming food and nourishing the body; for a Chinese person of exalted cultural background, it is the process of nurturing one’s very soul and spirit. This understanding will inform the process of constructing a tea house, decorating it, and managing its activities. The following project aims to detail the main factors connected with launching a successful tea house project including the location of the facility, the decoration patterns, the tea serving ceremony, and the organization of cultural activities. Chinese Culture Implications of Building a Tea House The origin of tea is associated with Shennung, a mystical tribal leader widely known for his investigations of all types of natural herbs for medicinal purposes. Shennong is believed to have discovered tea some 4,500 years ago (Yu 2014). In Shennung’s time, tea was used as a detoxification substance that people chewed as a gum (Yu 2014). However, later they started to boil it to prepare soup or stir-fried meals. Gradually, the modern recipe for tea was invented when people discovered the technology of drying the tea leaves under the sun and preserving them in containers (Tu 2015). At the beginning of tea’s history, the primary tea production area was North-West Xichuan but later spread to the spacious areas along the Yangtze River (Yu 2014). By the fourth century AD, the educated class in China had adopted the habit of using tea as their main daily product. A whole new occupation of tea makers and sellers was introduced. After the mid-Tang dynasty, tea acquired the status of a valuable trading good and taxable product with more than 150 species produced in fifteen provinces and cities in China (Benn 2015). Today, tea has become an integral part of life for people in many countries, and traditions connected with consuming tea have become central habits in such prominent cultures as Indian, British, Sri Lankan, and Japanese cultures—not to mention China, the country that leads the field, and the hundreds of other countries where people cannot imagine their daily lives without at least a couple of cups of tea. Still, Chinese tea remains the best product in the field. Its export trade annually goes beyond 250 million kilograms, which comprises over seventy percent of all exported tea in the world (Benn 2015). The Chinese Tea Dao is believed to originate from Lu Yu from Hubei. Lu Yu lived during the Tang dynasty rule, from approximately 740 to 800 AD (Benn 2015). Lu Yu composed the Tea Bible in three parts, with ten chapters and around seven thousand words in total (Benn 2015). The main themes of this remarkable work are the discovery and history of tea, methods of preparation, facilities, tea cere
Abstract Since the dynamics of businesses are broad and challenging, they require stringent management strategies to regulate them. In recent decades, the corporate world experienced a series of challenges, as some multinational firms plummeted while others triumphed. The conditions are even worse in the telecommunication and technology companies, which are dependent on the emerging changes in the volatile markets. Since the emerging markets are very volatile, it is difficult for the telecommunication and technological companies to adjust market forces effectively. What is evident is that the preferences of consumers change with the advancement in technology. Failure to realize the trend of the consumer preferences halted the dominance of BlackBerry’s smartphones in the mobile phone industry from the year 2011. Quandaries in the top management and failure to enhance innovation in the company resulted into plummeted sales and loss of reputation in the markets, which greatly affected the dominance of the BlackBerry Company. Using Soft Systems Methodology in the analysis of the prevailing situation and recommending actions for the company to integrate, BlackBerry can restore its initial market reputation. The approach involves a systematic way of analysing a problem associated with the performance management and provides a possible means of restoring the performance. Introduction As corporate competition continues to intensify, firms continue to experience various management challenges that affect their progress and market reputation. In recent decades, the corporate world has experienced a series of challenges, which have made some multinational firms to plummet while others to triumph (Reed, 2006). BlackBerry Limited is one of the modern phone technology firms that have experienced management issues, which have led to its collapse as a corporate entity. BlackBerry has been among the most renowned phone technology companies, however, since 2011, the company’s sales and overall market reputation has plummeted dramatically. Appearing in the earliest times when phone technologies were growing, BlackBerry dominated the smartphone industry for a considerable period, but has failed to recover against Apple. It is important to understand that although BlackBerry is facing such serious economic downbeats, systems thinking approaches may assist it to recover its lost performance. Therefore, this case study seeks to employ the systems thinking approach in designing a strategy that would assist BlackBerry to restore its stature in the realm of smartphone technology. Background Situation BlackBerry has been among the most renowned telecommunications and mobile phone service provider, since its inception in 1984. For the past five years, the company managed to dominate the mobile phone industry because it was competitive in designing modern smartphones (Miller, 2013). However, since 2011 the company seems to have lost its market reputation and experience extreme downbeats in sales, as the general
Introduction Qawaid Fiqhiyyah refers to the general regulations that are applicable to series of cases coming under frequent rulings. These rules are evident in the Islamic banking system in the form of fiqh rules in the munakahat and other transactions. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the element of Qawaid Fiqhiyyah and how it can be as evidence in Islamic banks. Specifically, the treatise reviews the article Qawaid Al-Fiqh: The legal maxims of Islamic laws by Kamali Hashim. The discussion of Qawaid Fiqhiyyah is based on the content of this article. Qawaid Fiqhiyyah According to Kamali, Qawaid Fiqhiyyah is vital in creation of the Islamic law since they are part of the basic principles that form the underlying elements of fiqh rules (Kamali, 2009). In fact, Qawaid Fiqhiyyah are part and parcel of the fiqh rules and are applicable in different cases originating from daily rulings such as munakahat, transaction and evidence among others. Since the Qawaid Fiqhiyyah supports the many minor fiqh rules, its absence makes the rulings lack any substantial ground since they would be lacking the rationale. As indicated in Qawaid Fiqhiyyah, the intensions behind an action form the main rationale for judging such an act. In relation to Islamic banking, any transaction should be aligned to the intention of the parties involved (Kamali, 2009). Therefore, the transaction will have an effect when its purpose is directly related to the primary intention. The Islamic banks have applied Qawaid Fiqhiyyah in declaring their regulations on customer financing on the element of non-interest because it is obligatory to act so. This action is however not informed by the simple act of continuing a traditional practice or endeavouring to offer rationalization within the mudharabah. These actions are shared between the bank and the customers since the customers are the main source of the Rabb al mal (Kamali, 2009). The Qawaid Fiqhiyyah outlines the terms and conditions for contract between the banks and the customers with the banks performing the role of mudarib (Kamali, 2009). These contracts are very clear and specific on the vario
Ways of advertising a new business venture in an e-commerce economy Current business ventures have embraced advertising on the internet since it is the cost-effective way of attracting clients globally (Baron & Shane, 2008). As a result, different ways are used in reaching out to clients online. Use of blogs A business can circulate its data in the informational avenues put out in the World Wide Web. Therefore, the business pays the bloggers to advertise their services by provision of affiliate commercials. In this case, the bloggers select programs providing links to the business products (Close, 2012). Alternatively, the bloggers are able to present the business with the prospect of buying a promotional space on their blogs. In addition, a firm is able to contact a blogger to inscribe an examination for its products, services as well as its website in the blog. Online classified ads The business project is also capable of using short online publications to advertise their services. The classifieds encompass the collection of most business dealings ranging from selling, leases to employment prospects (Close, 2012). Online classifieds are user-friendly. Further, they enable the users to sort out the services and goods offered by the business in terms of price as well as view the goods hence making the classified ads more convenient. Through the classified commercials, the consumers are able to access the business listings whenever they need the firm’s services (Close, 2012). Social media advertising Just like the other online business ads, the uses of social network promotions are equally vital for business venture in market positioning. I n this case, the business uses the social networking platforms such as Facebook, Tw
About Monteverdi Musical artists strive each day to come up with styles and genres that will capture the attention of the audiences. As such, it takes their sacrifice of time and funds to make sure that every composition is well received. Monteverdi is such an artist who went beyond the norms to compose his music. Monteverdi Claudio (Giovanni Antonio) started living on 15 may 1567 [1] in Cremona and passed on in Venice on 29 th November 1643 (PBS 2013). He was the son of a barber – surgeon and a doctor. Throughout his life, he collected titles such as composer, gambist, and music prophet. He made the first debut into musical drama and perfected the art of opera while yet in his prime [2] before retiring to church music. His specialty lay in madrigals, operas, and church or sacred music. As a youth, he apprenticed for an elaborately talented master and was a precocious pupil as evidenced by him publishing his first works in his teens, which took the form of madrigals [3] . These were after the manner of his own master’s composition and were far from perfect but they set the young Monteverdi well on his way to musical success. With this brief overview, this paper provides details of his music composition style. It goes ahead to address his outstanding performances such as The Return of Ulysses to his Homeland. This performance, as it will be proved later in the paper, outstood the rest of his four operas. Monteverdi’s Composition Style Monteverdi is largely responsible for the shift in style from the Renaissance to the Baroque style of music [4] . He technically applied the previous style giving his new-genre compositions a refined sound and this tactic proved to be impossible for any successors to duplicate without risking a redundant undertone in the outcome (McComb, Todd 2000, 1). The novel style featured an epoch shaping of musical characters [5] . It was charact
Introduction This paper is devoted to the analysis of a case of dispute that involves the issues of, on the one hand, student accommodation and, on the other hand, employment equity. A student (who is a deaf person) finds it difficult to read the lips of a Sikh professor who has a beard and, apparently, speaks with an “accent,” which makes his speech incomprehensible to the student. The student refuses to have someone take notes for him or to invite a sign interpreter. The course is a required one; the student is in the last semester. The professor, on the other hand, refuses to shave the beard and is offended by the request to speak slower. He is a Sikh, and he believes that the request can be considered discriminatory. He is willing to make a complaint to the Ontario Human Rights Commission, and he threatens to quit. The union of the faculty believes that he is right in his assumptions and that the college is not very successful in ensuring employment equity. Both persons have already filed complaints to the anti-harassment office. Unfortunately, in this case, the rights are apparently colliding, and both persons who are involved require protection. Therefore, the careful development of a strategy for the resolution of the dispute is necessary. As a member of the anti-harassment office, I am to review the situation, analyze it, define the responsibilities of the college (the duty to accommodate and the employment equity requirements), and make recommendations on addressing the issues. There is no single anti-harassment policy offered by the Ontario Human Rights Commission (2013); rather, every organization is supposed to develop one that fits its needs. As a result, this paper considers the guidelines of the Ontario Human Rights Commission [OHRC] (2001, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2015) in an attempt to resolve the dispute. Analysis The Nature of Harassment and Discrimination In order to understand the case, we need to demonstrate that discrimination or harassment took place in the area of the provision of services or employment; they are based on “disability” in one case and on the “race,” “ethnicity,” and creed in the other one. The Ontario Human Rights Code declares that everyone has the right to be free from discrimination based on “disability of perceived disability;” the Code also requires the creation of an inclusive environment (OHRC, 2008, 2009). The student apparently experiences discrimination: with his personal characteristics as a basis, he is unintentionally distinguished in a way that puts him at a disadvantage that other members of his group do not experience; this distinction has the potential of depriving him of the benefit of education (Module 1 Week 4). He also has the right to define his needs, and if he states that the solutions which can be considered as an alternative to lip-reading are not respectful enough, his opinion must be taken into account (OHRC, 2009). The case is clear, and the faculty is supposed to accommodate his needs and protect the student from discrimination. The professor insists that he is being discriminated a
Introduction Painting artists use different artistic styles and colors to portray the impression of their drawings. The painting of The Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault, a French painter emotionally portrays the survival and hardships experiences of the passengers in a raft, who survived the sinking of the French ship, La Medusa. The Gulf Stream painting by the American artist, Winslow Homer, depicts a man struggling amidst strong waves of the sea in a small fishing boat. This essay is going to compare and contrast the two paintings: The Raft of the Medusa and The Gulf Stream in relation to romanticism and impressionism ages. Comparison The similarity of the two paintings literally depicts people struggling for their lives amidst strong waves in the sea. In The Raft of the Medusa, the passengers who had survived the sinking of their ship are crowded on the raft. After the sinking of their ship, many people sunk and died leaving only few people as survivors. The survivors endured severed hardships of starvation and cannibalism for thirteen days in the Atlantic sea before the rescue. In comparison, The Gulf Stream painting shows a man on a small fishing boat in the sea full of hurricane waves as he struggle helplessly awaiting rescue. Both this paintings shows an element of romanticism because they elicit emotional response in the viewers. Romanticism The Raft of the Medusa is a romantic art due to its emotional depiction. The painting portrays the tragic accident in the sea according to the perception of the artist. The artistic freedom of imagination and fantasy of the tragic accident shows romanticism. In romanticism, the artist has freedom to paint adventurous and fantastic events to depict emotions. The artist uses dull and dark colors like browns, black and deep red to depict the solemn scene of accident. To avoid distraction of the viewers to specific details, the artist used short brush strokes together with the light and shades to portray clearly the figures in the entire painting. The Raft of the Medusa portrays the ideals of the romanticism and this has made it be considered as a romantic icon. Impressionism Although The Gulf Steam portrays the elements of the romantic art, its painting styles is based on the impressionistic art. Impressionistic art focuses on creating an impression by use of bright water paints on specific objects. The Gulf Steam ignores other background information but focuses on the man in the small boat and the sea waves. Impression arts are characterized by the use of bright paint strokes and the light reflection of the watercolors. Impressionists seek to attract the attention of the viewer to the subject rather than to the details. The Gulf Steam is an impressionistic art because of the use of bright watercolors and the impression focuses only on one subject. Conclusion Artists can use romanticism and impressionism in the depiction of their drawing depending on the impact they want to pass onto the viewers. Romanticism entails emotional depiction of the details i
Pluralism and tolerance is most common in a vibrant and cohesive civil society. Pluralism can be applied in various places such as religion and politics but no matter where it is applied the theme behind pluralism is to create evenness. In religion pluralism means that there is a balance or in other words evenness in all religion therefore all religions are viewed as even in terms of their quality in worship. This is because God is the overall father of all of mankind. The different names of God arise due to differences in language. In ancient times religions that saw themselves as the only ones that worshipped the true God used to declare war against their neighbors in pursuit of making them convert to their religion. They did not see anything wrong in killing such people because they had a perception that God would award them for fighting for His name (Plaw 34). All religions that are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism among others explain that God created man in His image. There is no known scripture that states that only certain religion is appropriate. The only worship that’s not allowed by all religions is the worship of Satan or devil worship. Erlewine argues that different religions have different forms of worship but all the same they are directed towards communicating with God (56). This implies that the ancient people didn’t know this and that’s why nations fought each other in the name of religion. Nowadays people have been enlightened and thus they see things differently except the primitive people who have been left behind. By accepting each other regardless of our religions humans can be united as one community. For this unity to be realized there has to be respect of religions hence one should not despise somebody else’s religion. This recognition of diverse religions will foster peaceful co-existence. When we realize that all our religions are even then we should tolerate each others religious practices. Whether one hates a religious ritual practiced by a given group there is no excuse for not accepting other peoples form of worship (Plaw 12). This is an important aspect of a well structured civil society. This tolerance is extended to work places in some countries where employees of a given religion are allowed to practice their religious culture such as observing religious holidays i.e. Christmas day for Christians and Idul fitrr for Muslims. Tolerance does not refer to believing in teachings of other religions but it’s the respect accorded to all religions evenly. Kristen argues that some people still treat others according to their religion and that’s why some governments have been accused of being biased in the way they treat people. Such governments