ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Definition of Expo with a focus on a previous event World fairs are large public exhibitions that bring together participants from all over the world. Expos take place in different parts of the world as it has been decided by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE). The events are decided and approved by the BIE, which is the international sanctioning body for global fairs. Expos are usually characterized by the demonstration of various forms of cultural arts and products from different parts of the world. These exhibitions are viewed as significant opportunities through which people of different national identities can promote their homelands and cultures. Even though these events have been conducted in the world since ancient times, the modern chain of expos started way back in the nineteenth century. The first modern World Expo was inspired by Prince Albert, and it took place in London. Generally, there are two types of expos, namely registered expos and recognized expos. Registered expos involve major aspects of the world and are the most expensive types of exhibitions. These types of exhibitions are conducted within five years and would go on for about half a year. Registered expos comprise of universal themes that tend to have a significant impact on humans. On the other hand, recognized expos will tend to have a less impact, and would go on for a period not exceeding three months. These types of expos would encompass a common theme. Examples of aspects that can unite recognized expos are things such as ‘communication in the modern world’ and ‘the magic of technology,’ among other things. Expos are mainly intended for various purposes, which include an exhibition of upcoming innovations, promotion of cultural exchange based on specific aspects or themes, and the enhancement of nation-branding. The approval and management of each of these types of expos remain the responsibility of the Bureau International des Expositions, which is situated in Paris, France. Expos can bring a lot of benefits to host countries and other nations who choose to take part in the exhibitions (Dyreson, 2010). The benefits of Expos to host countries include, but are not limited to, higher international profile, economic boost, encouragement of education and cultural exchange, the urban development of host cities and neighboring towns, enhancement of good international relations, and first-hand experimentation with modern and future technological aspects. More importantly, world fairs also serve as powerful tools of cultural diplomacy. The Great Exhibition, held in the United Kingdom in 1851 is one of those memorable expos whose successes have brought great benefits to the world. The exhibition went down in history as the best-recognized first World Expo. The most important thing about this particular event is that it was the first world fair of manufactured products that would bring significant influence in the development of various aspects of society. Moreover, this event paved the way for modern-day exhibition
Leadership is not only about the capability to access and utilize resources. Leadership is not just about power. It is not just about titles and position. Leadership is all about influence and the ability to lead people so that the group will be able to achieve something, that individually, they may consider to be impossible. This means that a leader is not only about the strategy, goal-setting and having the work ethic that gets the job done. It is also about inspiring people. It is also about self-confidence as well as knowledge about the world and human nature. This is why it can be said that a leader can achieve much if he is able to understand the importance of inner-maturity and awareness such as the need to become a servant leader. This study will take a closer look at servant leaders and the value of inner-maturity in order to effectively lead people to achieve the impossible. This is made possible by looking at these concepts through both religious and secular world views. The importance of this study stems from the utter lack of good leaders in society. There is no need to travel abroad to realize that there is a serious lack of quality leadership in both the secular and religious spheres. The lack of leaders in the church means that people are no longer inspired to become the best that they could be. It also means that there is no one who can model the correct behavior that in turn will inspire men to do great things. The same thing can be said about the secular realm. The lack of good leaders can explain the corruption in government and in the world of business. The spate of headlines that talks about money being misused and public funds stolen by government officials tell the story of a society clamoring for the emergence of great leaders. The solution is to revisit how great men of the past rose to positions of leadership that changed history. They served first before they became leaders. They realized that “Leadership was bestowed upon a person who was by nature a servant” (Greenleaf, 2003, p.21). They did not exist to covet power and wealth. In the past there were many servant leaders who demonstrated that it its possible to lead this way. According to one historian, “Abraham Lincoln was assassinated for abolishing slavery in the United States, Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for defending civil rights in South Africa, and Susan B. Anthony was arrested for her efforts to give American women the right to vote” (Baron, 2010, p.26). They became leaders by putting the interest of others before their own. Religious Worldview The best example of inner-maturity that produced servant leadership can be seen in the Bible. Jesus and men of God like Paul the Apostle demonstrated how the impossible can be achieved not by being a tyrant but by showing the way. They also succeeded because they knew the importance of servant leadership. A religious world view can be understood by looking at how men of God and religious leaders went out to serve people, in order to meet the needs of others and not to satisfy their self-interests. According to one commentary, “The established leaders of the Roman Empire and their colluders in
On the whole, critics run into serious difficulties while classifying any genuine work of art according to its genre peculiarities because it is always inclined to go beyond the bounds of convention or tradition. In addition to that, such a notion as genre is not static; on the contrary, it evolves with time passing and acquires some new features. This rule is quite applicable to cinematography. In this paper, we are going to discuss such films as Untraceable, released in 2008. This movie was directed by Gregory Hobbs, and its makers attempted to throw light on some rather stressful problems of modern society (Hornaday, 1). Again, it is hardly possible for us to refer to this film to any specific genre; to a certain degree, Untraceable is an amalgam or synthesis of a thriller, detective, and horror film. It should be borne in mind that all of them take their origin in Gothic fiction of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Rubin, 1). Our main task is to analyze this movie in terms of typical genre conventions, namely, we need to focus on such aspects as the development of the plot, the main characters, special effects, and most importantly the atmosphere which the film creates. Moreover, we should pay extra attention to those moments, where Untraceable deviates from the established tradition. It is also of crucial importance to evaluate this film within the context of present day situations in American and international society, for instance, rapid growth in information technologies and its negative impacts. This analysis will enable us to show the changes in the genre of thriller. Besides, we might be able to form certain conclusions about popular culture, new tendencies and their rather paradoxical and cruel nature. As it has been noted before, Untraceable is a mixture of thriller, crime, and horror movies. These genres have many features in common. First and foremost, we should mention the atmosphere of suspense, the condition of being insecure or uncertain (Rubin, 66). As a rule the audience is kept in the dark throughout the film and only at the end the mystery or secret is disclosed. Another aspect, which we may not disregard, is the main characters. In the vast majority of cases, the protagonist and antagonist are equally matched. Usually, the antagonist reminds some invincible, untraceable villain, some evil genius, who can be defeated only by some overwhelming force. Overall, we may state that such villain has its literary archetype, Professor Moriarty; this image was created at the beginning of the nineteenth century by a famous English writer, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. If we look take of closer look at Owen Reilly, the murder and maniac, who constantly avoids police, we may such is a typical villain, with delusion of grandeur. As regards Agent Jenifer Marsh, it has to be admitted that she is also not quite original. It is not easy to identify the sources, on which the film-makers relied. But the archetype of a female detective was first introduced by Agatha Christie; her famous Miss Marple has given rise to many popular icons. It stands to reason that it has been m
To begin with, it is vital to mention that calligraphy influenced by the Quran was the most vital piece of Islamic art carried out between the 10 th and 16 th centuries. Calligraphy was considered a serious form of art among Muslims in several parts of the Islamic world. It was a highly revered and appreciated way of expressing art (Bloom & Blair 1997, p.130). Before 900 C.E, the Islamic population within the Arabian Peninsula had experienced minimal level of development in writing. The archaeological findings revealed that rudimentary scripts also existed. For instance, there were myriads of inscriptions that were made on pillars and stones. Moreover, writings were done on perishable materials found in various geographical locations. The papyrus and parchment were some of the archaeological artifacts that were found by archaeologists. These remains of writings were clear proof that the writing knowledge and skills were common among the Arabs during these early times (Bloom & Blair 1997, p.146). Most members of the Arab world were also known to practice a lot of recitations, as learned from the Quran. Some of the artistic skills such as prose and poetry, were stored in memory and therefore were never scripted on any material. Hence, the skill of memorizing was the major hindrance towards the development of calligraphy and any other form of art related to scripting. However, from the onset of the 9 th century, the Islamic world was already experiencing immense passion for writing. This was also driven by the desire to record all the contents of the Quran besides maintaining its accuracy. Kufi was one of the earliest styles in writing that was adopted in Iraq. It was shaped in the form of an angle. The Syriac and Aramaic predecessors were believed to be the key architects behind the Kufi script. It was later used widely in writing the Quran. In addition, both personal and official writings adopted the Kufi style from the earlier years of the 8 th century (Bloom & Blair 1997, p.190). In Madinah and Makkah, rounded scripts were used to express ideas and various levels of thought processes. They originated from the new Nabataean and Sinaitic scripts. Nonetheless, the Quranic manuscripts did not use this type of writing during the early decades. Ceramics, textiles, and buildings were largely scripted using Kufi. Towards the end of the 10 th century, the Iranian people used elongated vertical lines as a new form of scripting (Hillenbrand 1998, p.62). It was referred to as the “Eastern Kufi,” bearing in mind that it borrowed a lot from the original style of the Kufi style of writing. Its cetical strokes were also inclined. This explains why it was referred to as the “Bent Kufi”. The next area of developing the original crude scripts was to make them more beautiful. The aesthetic value of the scripts was given additional concern in the later centuries. New variants of both the Kufi scripts and the angular forms were also developed by the early Muslims in a bid
Introduction Paul Laurence Dunbar’s “We Wear the Mask,” composed in 1895, was one of the first published works by the poet. He can be considered as one the very first prominent African American voices in the world of literature and poetry due to him being born to parents who were slaves and were freed during their lifetimes. The poem is about African Americans’ compliance and lack of complete freedom under a society founded for White Americans, where the minority group is deprived of its own voice and needs to be subjected to an unfair system, which benefits the majority group by making them feel forgiven, and their pasts are forgotten. Although the author touches on the topics of African American forgiveness and societal inequality against Black people, the ultimate message goes deeper, where he merely shows that the scars of slavery are deep and the current society is not helping in the cultural healing process. The poem is an outcry of African American cultural pain, which might not be as severe as it is used to be, but still persistent and strong, and these underlying messages are demonstrated through literary devices, such as metaphors, motifs, symbolism, and imagery. Literature Review In order to properly address the key message of the poem, it is important to overview the current literature on the themes of the piece. For instance, Okello et al. claim that the poem addresses a major concept of the critical race theory, which is race realism (422). The latter framework dispels “the idea that racism is primarily perpetuated by individual bigots and racists and instead looks toward the everyday beliefs, justifications, ideas, and behaviors that are inextricably tied to the broader sociocultural and historical context of globalized systemic inequality” (Salter and Haugen 123). In other words, Okello et al. claim that the poem primarily addresses the fact that racial equality is unachievable for African Americans since it is the very basis upon which the American society is built, which is preventing fairness and equality from taking place (423). Therefore, many elements of the poem are manifestations of observations under the prism of critical race realism theory, where racism is sustained not through few individuals but general society. Eaves claims that the poem addresses the topic of forgiveness at the very core of African American culture, which they express through a mismatch between internal pain and external hospitality (22). In other words, the poet is making it evident and clear that although African American community has forgiven White Americans, they are still experiencing the echoing effects of the past slavery, which is why forgiveness comes at a price. Therefore, Eaves argument focuses on racial healing and redemption, which needs to be achieved by making sacrifices from both sides (23). According to the essay, the poem reflects the importance of forgiveness in the face of injustice and subsequent liberation, where the latter’s
Delta Airlines, Inc. is one of the fastest growing global airlines. Recent data indicates that the airline is a prolific profit earner (Jones, 2013). It employs over 80,000 workers worldwide and has a turnover of about $ 277.6 billion. The company has many classy and luxury aircrafts. Every year, Delta Airlines expands and gains international acceptance. The company’s operation and management plans have attracted millions of clients making it the top the largest carrier of passengers with approximately 348 destinations worldwide (Jones, 2013). Delta Air Lines has won several excellence awards. Its workforce is diverse as its employees come from different countries across the six continents it operates. The success of the company is attributed to the hiring of diverse and experienced workers. Besides, the company has greatly motivated its employees through better remunerations. The Company has gone an extra mile in promoting the employee’s skills and expertise. The above is achieved through training seminars and allowing workers to further their education. Another factor is the conducive and fascinating working environment offered by the company. The article below focuses on the human resource management programs of the airline. Recruitment, selection, and orientation The company has put in place appropriate sourcing policies that attract a diverse variety of high-performing candidates (Jones, 2013). The approach has made the company to be a competitive employer internationally. The company has also implemented a transparent hiring procedure, which guarantees objective selection using pertinent criteria. Through this, the company has been able to attract competitive and competent candidates (Volberda, 2012). Delta Airline’s orientation processes guarantee that new employees are informed about the company’s values, objectives, key policies, and measures. Performance management The company has installed a cyclical performance management system (Jones, 2013). The platform enables the firm to assess and rearrange performance targets between employees and supervisors. The system also aligns performance assessment principles with approved research success factors. The airline’s management understands that extreme regulations or rules imposed with poor verdict are counterproductive. As such, the company’s vision, mission, and strategic objectives are some of the boundaries guiding the company’s employees. Staff development In Delta Air Lines, employee development is connected with performance management procedures (Jones, 2013). The company also conducts regular training and seminars. Similarly, employees are given scholarships to encourage them to further their education. In Delta Air Lines, training is conducted to inform the employees about the company’s goals and objectives, changes in airline standards, and ways of surpassing customer expectations. Training helps the company to move forward and aim at their objectives. It also
Introduction The article The presentation of self in the age of social media: Distinguishing performances and exhibitions online was written by Bernie Hogan and published in 2010 in the journal Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society. It focuses on how individuals present themselves in the context of social media and online participation which are analyzed as performances in the digital realm. The topic is relevant in the context of the modern digital culture where the availability of smartphone technology has shifted a large majority of interaction, communication, and sharing of personal experiences to social media platforms, and where virtual popularity attracting “likes” is seen as the new form of social influence. This review will seek to summarize and investigate the contents of the article and critique its findings in the context of other academic research on the topic of social media and social interaction. Hogan (2010) suggest that social media self-presentation takes on a dramaturgical exhibition approach where the collected data is curated and allows to establish a mediated architecture that displays current and past performance that is then interacted with by other users and essentially guides the self-presentation phenomenon with its benefits and perils in the digital age. Summary Hogan portrays social media presence as a performance similar to that of an actor on stage. Taking on this metaphor, an individual is an actor which performs in real-time for an audience. An artifact is the result of a past performance that exists in the current time for others to view. Hogan seeks to clarify the ontological distinction between the actor and the artifact. Furthermore, the past “performances” are categorized into exhibition spaces where individuals collect artifacts for each other to view. Goffman’s dramaturgical approach suggests that individuals present idealized rather than authentic versions of themselves in activities. Behaviors are bound to settings such as time, place, and other individuals. When applied to social media, this approach as shown in numerous research suggests that individuals utilize selective disclosure of personal details and impression management in a “dramaturgical” manner to present
Introduction In their article, Byrom and Downe (2010) provide preliminary evidence, pointing at the applicability of emotional intelligence (EI) and transformational leadership theories to midwifery practice and education. Based on the CASP results, the study possesses numerous strengths, for instance, presents valid findings and uses appropriate methodology. The researchers utilise phenomenological interviews, and their goal is to understand midwives’ perceptions of good leadership. The research design allows analysing subjective experiences and is relevant to the aim. The approaches to recruitment, such as random sampling, sample size, and failure to classify participants based on experience levels, raise some concerns. The use of semi-structured interviews is justified, unlike the selection of data collection points. Essence Being ethically appropriate, the study is among the first to hypothesise on the uses of transformational leadership in midwifery, but, according to the CASP analysis, the issue of experimenter bias have not been adequately addressed. Byrom and Downe (2010) explain transformational leadership as the articulation of a vision and readiness to initiate positive systemic changes. Byrom and Downe (2010) do not discuss particular applications of “leading from the heart” to midwifery, but their
Thomas, W. & Wedemeyer, P. (2013). Clarifying the standard for group audits. Journal of Accountancy , 58 (1), 23-25. This article appears in this month’s edition of Journal of Accountancy. The article is authored by two CPAs with advanced education and expertise in accounting. The article features the latest addition to the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS). This latest addition by the Auditing Standards Board is specified in AU-C600 Standard (Thomas & Wedemeyer, 2013). According to this article, this standard is meant to provide clearer guidelines for accounting projects involving group audits. Group audits refer to projects in which most of the work is performed by various auditors but only one auditor expresses the group’s opinion. This article is very informative and it covers important issues that make group audits a challenge. Examples of these problems include the risk of having errors in financial statements done by a group. This risk was previously addressed in the AU-C 315 and 320 standards. This new standard also addresses the risk of managing decentralized audits and the risk arising when consolidating statements from such audits. The goal of these new regulations is to make sure that the group’s auditor has the necessary tools to effectively deal with the above risks. The article also does a good job in outlining the responsibilities of a group auditor under the new standards. This article sheds light into what will be expected from group auditors. For instance, the group’s auditor will have to be accountable for the job done by other auditors. In addition, the group auditor will also have to adhere to a specific set of communication requirements (Thomas & Wedemeyer, 2013). This article is very informative and thorough. The authors deliver a systematic analysis of these new standards. The article also gives very u