ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The case of 55-year-old Patricia is rather captivating for the field of Psychology: lots of internal and external factors considerably influence the general situation and attract the attention of lots of Psychologists. Usually, psychologists prefer to use several principles and theories in order to analyze a person, his/her behaviour, and comprehend him/her from several perspectives. Past problems, connected with alcoholism, obligations before her family, and contempt from Patricia’s son and sister’s side – all this have bad impact to a woman and create more and more internal problems, which are hard to solve. “Psychologists can draw upon a range of alternative approaches, each of which views the person and the study of the person in very different ways.” (Jarvis 2000) In this paper, the case of Patricia and her family will be analyzed by means a behavioural approach, psychodynamic approach, and rational emotive theory. Each of these approaches and theories should help Patricia re-evaluate the situation and come to the conclusion what to do further. Human behaviour is one of the most interesting issues to learn day by day. It is possible to predict weather, it is not that easy to find out the sex of the baby, however, it turns out to be rather difficult to comprehend why or why not a person treats him/herself like this. The behavioural approach is all about some measurable aspects of the behaviour, inherent to people. With the help of observation, psychologists analyze the behaviour of their patients and clear up how exactly this environment causes the patient behaves the way he/she behaves. Psychodynamic approach is one of those approaches, which are based on the role of certain internal processes and some past experiences, which influence the creation of personalities. The most famous psychologist, who made a considerable impact on the sphere of Psychology and the psychodynamic approach in particular, was Sigmund Freud. He admitted that the vast majority of human feelings cannot but be affected by different unconscious motives, and that personal problems, which are inherent to adults have their roots in their childhood. Rational emotive theory is one more aspect that has to be mentioned in this case to present a really worth psychol
The article “Encounter and death: The Spatial Behavior of U.S. Serial Killers” by Canter and Godwin (1997), is a research article that examines the locations where serial killers first met their victims, where the victim’s bodies were dumped, and the residence of the killers. The aim of the article is to test three separate hypotheses, the first hypothesis being whether the residence of the offenders was the epicenter of the crime committed. The second hypothesis examined by the study is whether the location where the offender first meets the victims becomes an integral part of the offender’s lifestyle and the last hypothesis tested is whether the first point of meeting and the place of dumping the body eventually become incorporated into the serial killer’s lifestyle. The design of the article begins with a description of the average number of deaths that are reported in the country annually, and deduces the average number of the deaths that can be attributed to serial murderers. From an analysis, of the article, it is evident that the research focuses on the geographical locations that surround the killings; the location of the first meeting between the serial killers and their victims, the location of the dumping sites of the victims, and the locations of the offenders’ place of residence. The researchers of the article try to determine whether serial killings can be solved by having knowledge of the three locations described above because from the conclusion of the article, it can be deduced that serial killers get increasingly lax and usually end up dumping their victims near their places of residence (the offender). The
Studying sexuality can be dated back to Plato’s Symposium, where the origins of gender and desire were discussed. However, the modern western study of sexuality as a formal intellectual discipline begins with the sexologists in the late nineteenth century. The modernists said that sexual experience was not in any way affecting the moral character (Ellis, Kinsey, Masters & Johnson, 1976). Instead, modernists viewed sexual experience in a positive light when properly managed. Why Studying Human Sexuality Is Important The challenge of such research has most likely been a reason to avoid it. However, I view the challenge as even more of a reason to pursue it. There is no superior place for the study of education than in an institution of education. The research can only benefit itself in educating its members, in addition to the wider community. According to Priscilla Pardini who is a re-known scholar in this field of the study states that: ”It is can be viewed as a selfish study in the way that an educational institution is studying the methods of education “ (Pardini 1998). However, it can also be considered altruistic in its aims of helping others shape a full sexual life and understand its positive effects. In understanding individual sexual development and finding personal identity, and discovering different lifestyles. It is also a topic that all humans can relate to, and are emotional and often spiritually involved with. Therefore if one can educate the community in this faculty, what is learned will then easily carry over to perspectives held in other faculties. “With sexuality education having this powerful effect, it would be an excellent choice for further research “(Crasnow 2001). Another thing that why studying human sexuality is important is that Contraception is an extremely vast topic however little it does not need much research. It is at times called birth control, contraception is different ways in which one can enjoy a sexual relationship without getting pregnant. The barrier methods stop sperm from being transferred to the uterus. Condoms and Intrauterine devices are examples of barrier methods. By studying human sexuality one can know about the Chemical methods that are utilized to prevent pregnancy. The most frequently used is a pill; surgical sterilization along with natural family planning is also a common method of birth control which is known by studying human sexuality. Surgical sterilization is extremely popular in old aged The only way not to get pregnant is not to have sex, however, If used properly the current ways of contraception can
To differentiate between fire prevention and fire suppression strategies, it is important to define the terms of prevention and suppression. While fire prevention implies an adoption of various methods for stopping the fire from occurring in the first place, fire suppression implies the elimination of fire as it occurs (NFPA 1). The term “firefighting trap” was used by Jennifer Chu in the MIT News article to describe the ineffective pattern of problem-solving when dealing with fires only when they arise instead of trying to develop strategies for its prevention. By doing so, the responsible authorities increase the chance of fires occurring in the future. The research conducted by the MIT’s Engineering System Division explored the concept of firefighting itself as well as what causes the “quick-fix” fire management strategies to be much more popular though less effective. The research team reviewed the regional data related to fire and conducted a series of interviews with policymakers and professionals responsible for fire managements in order to design a model, which represented the connections and relationships contributing to the management of fire (Chu par. 3). The findings concluded that the majority of firefighting agencies fall into the trap of only spending resources on suppressing fire as they appear
Introduction In order to produce effective outcomes and adders the needs of vulnerable groups, nurses need to communicate across disciplinary areas. Therefore, the issue of cross-disciplinary communication and problem-solving has been a concern in the context of the modern nursing for a significant amount of time (Albert, 2015). Because of the strain that is put on nurses and other healthcare staff members in the nursing environment, misunderstandings, conflicts, and misconceptions are very common, leading to medical errors and negative patient outcomes (Liu, Gerdtz, & Manias, 2016). Hence, there is a necessity to incorporate the focus on multidisciplinary communication in a nursing setting into the curriculum to encourage students to acquire the skills that are critical to address the issues faced in the target setting. By including the strategies for conflict management and interdisciplinary cooperation into the existing curriculum, one will be able to promote the active cooperation across different departments and reduce the threat of inappropriate management of crucial tasks. Needs Analysis Both patients and learners can be seen as the stakeholders whose needs have to be taken into consideration. Conflicts occurring in the nursing setting during cross-disciplinary communication emerge due to the lack of skills among participants, particularly, nurses and physicians (Lancaster, Kolakowsky‐Hayner, Kovacich, & Greer‐Williams, 2015). Herein lies the necessity to introduce the specified demographic to the skill of performing a cross-cultural conversation and addressing emergent conflicts from an objective perspective. It is critical to teach students to approach the process of interdisciplinary communication as a chance to learn new knowledge and cooperate to resolve a particular problem (Wiener, Kazak, Noll, Patenaude, & Kupst, 2015). By enabling students to cooperate in a multidisciplinary environment, one will create the premise for continuous growth in a range of areas, including professionalism and personal improvement. Furthermore, the needs of patients are also to be considered since they are the crucial stakeholders in the specified setting. Specifically, the focus on multidisciplinary cooperation will lead to fewer issues associated with information mismanagement. In addition, the needs of patients will be examined and managed more professionally. For the specified need, the learners’ characteristics should include critical thinking, innovativeness, creativity, and empathy. Thus, the vulnerable groups will also benefit from the introduction of the curriculum elements that will encourage students to build cross-disciplinary cooperation skills. Objectives Cognitive It is required that learners develop a profound understanding of the process of interdisciplinary cooperation. The identified goal includes learning the reasons for the identified phenomenon to exist, developing an understanding of how an interdisciplinary team works, and discussing the issues that are typical in the identified setting. Students need to get familiar with the idea of knowledge sharing and a quic
Ordering Process Steps Outline  1. Get in line.  2. Wait for your turn.  3. Give cash to a fast-food employee.  4. Say the name of the desired dish.  5. Go to the front desk immediately.  6. Get the ordered dish. Three Ordering Process Improvements  1. The reception desk of the fast-food restaurant may be placed on the outside of the building for the free movement of customers in the zone of entry and exit. The unusual and harsh behavior of employees can attract additional attention from passers-by.  2. The manager can hire several employees with precisely the same behavior and send them to the reception desk to reduce queue length and customer waiting time.  3. It is also possible to add methods of electronic payment for orders to speed up the ordering process and avoid cases when the client does not have cash or has problems contacting people. Two Ordering Process Improvements with Salesforce  1. Salesforce is one of the largest customer relationships management platforms for business based entirely on the use of cloud computing technologies. Tools that use this set of programs can also be applied to the described above ordering process. The first possible improvement solution is to create a neural network program that analyzes client data through memory clouds. Since it collects data from several applications at once, the obtained data can be used to form a preliminary menu based on the available information about each client for the upcoming ordering process. The program should begin the online data analysis process when the client is directly in the restaurant or if he or she is a short distance outside. The information should include data from previous orders not only of this fast-food restaurant but also of other neighboring fast food establishments. While the client is in the queue, the program should send employees a report with several possible dishes. This approach will not only reduce the waiting time for the order but also offer several customers preferred dishes at the expense of the restaurant in case of their possible dissatisfaction.  2. Another possible way to improve the ordering process is to create a mobile application with a bot program for a fast food place. The bot may chat with the clients while they are in the queue, thereby reducing the waiting time. Also, during communication, the bot can offer several dishes to choose from to orient the client. This will help to avoid stressful situations among workers. Also, the bot program can collect customer opinions about the service and employees and subsequently issue reports to employees. Such an indirect response between customers and employees will help improve the psychological portrait of both sides of the fast-food industry. The bot can notify the client about discounts and promotions to draw attention to a specific product while waiting in line. The program may also offer to calculate and pay the order amount in advance, thus avoiding a time-consuming selection of bills or situations when the client has forgotten cash. Conclusion According to the information, the analysis of the business process involves the composition and usage of Workflow Relationship
The Most Important Facts Surrounding the Case The case study under analysis explores the Navistar company and the changes it has undergone over its recent history. Originally, the company was known as International Harvester. Archie McCardell, the organization’s CEO in the latter part of the 1970s, decided to make changes and shift the company’s focus in order to minimize operation costs. However, during this process, labor issues grew more persistent and eventually resulted in a massive crisis and the largest employee strike in the company’s history (“Navistar: Managing Change” 1). Over the following decade, International Harvester struggled to deal with these financial and labor issues, and hired several different CEOs with versatile approaches to the problem. However, the company’s debt grew, the business never picked up the pace, and eventually the company had to reduce its staff by 85%, give up most of its operations and specialties, and sell off its equipment and even its brand name (“Navistar: Managing Change” 2). The major problem highlighted in the case study is that of workforce management, because throughout the company’s history, IH implemented a number of different approaches, many of which resulted in plummeting product quality, decreasing production volumes, and growing costs for hiring and training. Finally, the United Automobile Workers Union became involved, and the working conditions of the IH employees improved. However, the organization’s strategy, as well as its culture and philosophy, became outdated with the passage of time (“Navistar: Managing Change” 4). Resistance to change, caused by the old-fashioned views of the leaders and lack of support for innovation, became the key barrier for IH. Even though McCardell’s leadership and cost cutting strategy are seen as the causes of the crisis, they had been successful throughout the first fiscal year of his tenure. The situation deteriorated as soon as the cost cutting impacted the UAW; this implies that the people in the organization were not ready for the change and unprepared to sacrifice their benefits for a better future. The Key Issues in the Case The major issue in the case study is the management of organizational change from the perspective of preparation. Reading the history of International Harvester, it is easy to notice that a difficulty with managing human resources, as well as achieving internal integrity and a high level of job satisfaction, were ongoing struggles for the company. As it turned out, when the time came to adjust to the reality of the company’s financial issues by means of c
Fossil discoveries Java man’s fossil was discovered in Java, an island in Indonesia. Java man’s fossil discovery occurred along river Solo’s bank in the Eastern part of Java. The fossil was discovered by a geologist known as Eugene Dubois. Dubois discovered Java man in the late 19 th century. Java man’s fossil was discovered in 1891 (Ciochon and Huffman 4183). Earlier, Dubois had traveled to Southern Indonesia in 1887 to uncover the ancestors of modern man. In particular, Dubois found remains of a thighbone and a skullcap on the banks of river Solo. Initially, his search in the Island of Sumatra was in vain. However, his search in Java turned out to be successful. Dubois gave his discovery the name Pithecanthropus erectus (Ciochon and Huffman 4187). The fossil discovered had a small cranium, which confirmed that Java man had a small brain. Additionally, Java man’s femur looked modern; this indicated an upright man. According to Dubois, Java man completed the puzzle linking man to apes (Ingicco, de Vos, and Huffman 99531). History of discovery and credit to paleoanthropologists/researches As mentioned above, Eugene Dubois is credited with the first discovery of Java man. Dubois was considered the first to discover fossil remains outside Europe. Dubois was an anatomist as well as a geologist. His discovery was at first rejected. This made him restrict access to the fossils for about 20 years. The geologist ended up forfeiting his acquaintances, relatives, and occupation to achieve his target. Dubois’ goal was to find the missing link between man and apes. Since he could not get funding from his government for his research, he decided to join the military as a surgeon (Semah et al. 450). After a while, he was relieved of his duty, and two engineers were assigned to him alongside 50 convicted inmates (Semah and Semah 453). The team was supposed to help him in his excavation endeavors. However, after the successful discovery of the fossils, there were numerous criticisms leading to the controversies that surrounded his discovery. Many people thought that his discovery was not very different and that the fossils belonged to apes. Description of the physical environment It is recorded that the Java man lived in an ever-wet
Introduction Housing Trust Funds are distinct accounts that receive fund allocation from the public kitty so as to facilitate provision of affordable housing. Ideally, these funds are created through legislation or ordinance which creates the fund itself, regulatory requirements for expenditure of the funds, structure of administration of funds for overseeing funds operation and facilitates dedication of the identified sources of funds. Generally, trust funds provide funds to a wide range of activities such as; education, construction of new houses, rental assistance and offering shelter to homeless residents. Growth in housing trust funds The first housing trust fund came into being in the late 1970,s. However, due to certain constraints, their widespread growth didn’t take place until1990’s when depletion of federal funds for affordable housing occurred. Although there has been a slow absolute growth of housing funds, there remains a stable upsurge of these funds every year. At any given time, a large number of jurisdictions find the need to develop housing trust funds so as address housing needs (Illinois Housing Development Authority.). A survey conducted in the year 2000 comprising of seventy existing housing trust funds showed that, of the trust funds which had a dedicated source of public revenue, 84% of them increased their revenue allocation to the trust funds from 1996 to 2001 (Iglesias and Lento). On the other hand, of the trust funds without a dedicated source of public revenue, 41% of them increased their revenue allocation to the trust funds from 1996 to 2001. From this data, a conclusion can be made that, trust funds have more than twice the chance of increasing their revenue base by having a dedicated source of public revenue. Although the housing trust fund movement is only three decades old, the number of housing trust funds has significantly increased. The need for affordable housing has forced states to look for alternative ways of offering housing services (MacDonald et al.). Housing trust funds are established at three levels; at the state, county or city level. Housing trust funds are established by the elected government bodies with the sole purpose of providing affordable housing. In US Housing trust funds have significant impact in more than forty -three states. In general, there are about six hundred housing trust funds in US with a yearly revenue generation of more than $1.6 billion which are used in addressing critical housing needs. Characteristics of housing trust funds The major characteristics of housing trust funds include: Administration Administration of housing trust funds is done through quasi-public or public agency. Housing trust funds generally establish an oversight board comprising of representatives of the housing community so as to oversee the operations of the trust funds. The representation of the board is usually large enough to serve the interests of various stakeholders. The oversight board has an advisory role and has delegated authority to