ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The modern market features a highly competitive environment, and customization seems to be one of the few ways to grasp consumers’ attention and gain their loyalty. In the meantime, the overall rush toward consumers’ approval appears to have triggered an inverted effect – recent research has revealed that consumers are tired of numerous messages they receive from brands through texts and e-mails. Even if the message content is positive, consumers do not notice it because the large scope of personalized information they receive is irritating (Harris 2015). Since digital communication turns out to be too primitive and ineffective, it is proposed to shift to the elaborate, old-fashioned methods, i.e., customization through handwritten Thank-You Cards. It is suggested that the implementation of this personalized service will assist companies in performing effective consumer engagement and avoiding the common mistake, i.e., excessive pressure. The key peculiarity of this service resides in the fact that companies will be offered to make the Thank-You Cards from the recycled waste paper. Hence, they will not only strengthen their customer relations but will enhance their reverse logistics management as well. The scope of the market that might be interested in the proposed service is unlimited. Hence, every company that strives to build consistent HR is likely to try the service. The competition in the Thank-You Cards market is relatively low. Thus, most companies that provide this service do not offer a handwritten option or cannot ensure the relevant level of data security. Additionally, none of the companies of a similar type suggest making cards from recycled waste paper. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed service will show a swift and successful market entry. Technical Service Description and Plan Service Description The service delivery pattern is highly simple to implement. Hence, a client company orders the Thank-You service and provides the project team with all the details essential for working out personalized cards. After that, the team designs the cards templates that reflect the company’s individuality and assesses the scope of materials essential for their production. As soon as the templates are approved, the company sends the client database that needs to be covered by the Thank-You service, as well as the waste paper that needs recycling, and the team writers sign every card. The cards are then sent to clients through corporate courier to ensure timely delivery and avoid potential mistakes. The Thank-You service and the client company conclude a contract that legally acknowledges that the former party is responsible for ensuring consistent data safety. First and foremost, client companies will benefit from the Thank-You service as it will allow them to gain customers’ loyalty
Motivation For me, the most relevant aspect of teaching is fostering children’s interest. I believe motivating the youngest learners to read is crucial for an effective teacher. Tompkins et al. (2012) stress the importance of motivating children as the learners’ interest in reading is the basis of their further learning. The task with the picture of a mouse is very suggestive (and can be used in classroom) because children understand that writing and reading enables them to share very important ideas (Tompkins et al., 2012). They form understanding that reading can help them extract new information or express themselves. Previously, I felt I had to make leaners motivated. At present, I have the necessary tools to do this. For instance, I know I can use various texts on topics which are interesting for children, children can read in pairs and groups. Stages of Literacy It seems natural that the effective teacher should understand that the youngest learners move through several stages of literacy development. These stages are emergent, beginning and fluent. The effective teachers should be aware of the most common issues the youngest learners may face and understand the methods to address the issues. Annandale et al. (2005) highlight these issues and different ways to help learners cope with them. For example, the researchers note the one of the most wide-spread issues is the lack of vocabulary (Annandale et al., 2005). Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to development of children’s vocabulary. Of course, I will have to fill in this gap in my knowledge by observing the work of more experienced teachers. Literacy Roles I think it is but natural that the youngest learners should try different literacy roles (meaning makers, code breakers, text users and analysts). Apart from helping learners develop their literacy, these roles make them more interested in reading and writing. Of course, trying the roles, the youngest learners improve their reading and writing skills (Tompkins et al., 2012). I have learnt a lot about the use of these roles, but I feel I need to have more information on the matter. It is a good idea to observe the way learners cope with different roles and let them try (more often) roles they find challenging. Contextualisation Tompkins et al. (2012) emphasise that the effective teacher should be able to contextualise words, phonic elements, sentences and entire texts. Contextualisation is ability to use an element in a variety of contexts. For example, a child truly understands a word if he/she can use it properly in different contexts, sentences. The teacher should be able to effectively transfer the meaning of different elements (phonic units, words, sentences, etc.). It is necessary to add that apart from development of analytical skills, this also contributes to the youngest learners’ motivation. I understand that contextualisation is an important technique in developing literacy in the youngest learners. This understanding is essential for me as a practitioner as I will be able to develop new ways to contextualise different elements. Reference List Annandale et al. (2005). First steps writ
Abstract Background The English language has become the lingua franca of the modern world. It is used widely in practically every domain of the modern global environment, including education. The use of group work (GW) and cooperative learning (CL) has recently been viewed as an innovative approach toward encouraging learners to develop necessary skills and to be proactive when participating in classroom activities. However, the process of teaching EFL students essential principles of the English language requires substantial effort and an extensive understanding of the learners’ culture and the factors that compel them to acquire skills in a foreign language. Saudi Arabian (SA) EFL students are not an exception; there is an array of factors that defines their enthusiasm and motivation levels, which means that the subject matter must be studied thoroughly before designing the appropriate teaching strategies. Problem Because of a poor understanding of the factors that define SA EFL learners’ willingness to participate in GW and engage in collaborative learning, teachers may fail to help the target population develop the necessary skills and master t
According to a well-known and recognized social psychologist, Geert Hofstede, Venezuela is one of the countries with a high power distance (Hofstede). This viewpoint is also supported by Bonache et al. and Sattar et al. (1773; 141). According to these sources, the power distance index (PDI) in Venezuela is among the highest in the world. This is of particular interest especially because the country is also highly collectivist and people tend to be a part of a community. Exploring power distance in Venezuela could shed some light on the nature of its domestic policy, business, and interpersonal relationships. The country seems to be in order with such a state of things where managers, executives, and other senior staff have the dominant and almost unchallenged position, which is also marked by their salary. Presidents despite being chosen through democratic means also tend to be highly protective of their status and stay in power as long as possible. Despite the high PDI, which demands to accept and endorse authority, people in Venezuela still can resist some particular decisions or oppose the general policy. Given the recent political protests in Venezuela, the research of the extent to which the power distance could be maintained and respected could be a valuable addition to cultural studies. The general interest in the equal rights movement seems to find no fertile soil in countries where tradition mostly regulates interpersonal relationships in society. Venezuela with its high PDI appears to exemplify such notion. What is more, the acceptance of unequal wealth distribution is paralleled by the desire to earn more as Venezuelan professionals choose to find fortune elsewhere abroad, unable to satisfy their needs at home (Brodzinsky et al. par. 6). The
Introduction The essay is a position paper concerning the role of Malta in the European Union. Malta is located at the center of Mediterranean Sea it boasts of the following beautiful scenery, frenetic nightlife, rich history and citizen who are described as being unusually friendly. It is worth to note that the country has a population of 0.4 million being one of the countries with the smallest population but with the highest population density of about 1300 per km 2. The country has two official languages English and Maltese. It is an independent republic that joined EU back in the year 2004 (Andreatta 2005). In terms of governance, the country is a representative parliamentary republic where the president is the Head of State serving a term of five years having ceremonial duties. The president is assisted by the Prime Minister who is the head of the government. The country has two party systems center-right Nationalist Party. Its relationship with European Union has grown since the year 2004. When it joined EU it nominated one commissioner as well as electing 5 MEPS to the European parliament. It was in the year 2007 that the country was allowed to enable passport to travel free across nations (Barber 2010). Through the ministry of foreign affairs the country’s foreign policy on EU, bilateral, global and regional issues are fostered, maintained as well as enhance the country’s relation with other countries and organization, taking part in EU issues on security policies among others (Bretherton & Vogler 2006). It is worth noting that when countries join hands like in EU the issues concerning borders, politics, economy and environment pose great challenges. These challenges cannot be met by single countries (Smith, Crowe & Peterson 2006). It has been argued that when member states act in unison, then they can deliver the desired outcomes as well as successfully address issues raised by the public. There is need for Europe to modernize the recent expansion to 27 members up from 15 calls for more efficient and effective tools that are coherent to help the member states to tackle changes that are apparent in this world (Nugent & Saurugger 2002). It is also important to note that the contribution of member states are key in ensuring that external issues are handled in the best way. To accomplish this, member states opt to rethink on the ways to come up with common ground rules that will enhance them to work in unity. In this case, the paper will analyze the concept of World Center for New Thinking is deemed to be the major Malta’s contribution to EU as well as the entire world. World Center for New Thinking The problems of today will not be solved by the same thinking that produced the problems in the first place. This is a famous quote by Einstein Albert. It is a fact that Malta has shown a continuous interest in addressing international conflicts throughout the world. Since it attained her independence from Britain, Malta has become a force to reckon for brokering peace not only in Mediterranean regions but also in North Africa and Europe. Public offici
Over the past years, every person, regardless of their attitude to the phenomenon of musicals, has heard about Hamilton , a musical produced by Lin-Manuel Miranda. Although the original Broadway musical was first performed in 2015, the unprecedented recognition of the production is marked by Hamilton’s recording release on Disney+ in 2020. The stir of the premiere didn’t pass me by, especially after I realized that the leading actor playing the notorious Alexander Hamilton, Lin-Manuel Miranda, was also a producer and composer of the musical. After hearing his hit compositions in Moana (2016) and Star Wars (2019), I could not help myself but dive right into another story by the mastermind. Yet, instead of throwing us into a world of pure imagination and tale, it brings the viewer to the genesis of the US as we know it today through the lens of Alexander Hamilton’s biography. It would be insincere of me to claim that I was gripped by the plot of another historical production at first, especially concerning the fact my knowledge of the topic was quite superficial. Thus, after a few minutes of watching, I had no choice but to do some background research on the subject, and I could not be more grateful to myself, as, from that moment on, I could not take my eyes off the performance while understanding everything taking place on stage. Hamilton opens with a brief retrospective of Hamilton’s life narrated by his infamous frenemy Aaron Burr (Leslie Odom, Jr.), who is the first man Alexander meets when moving to New York from Saint Kitts and Nevis. Having become an orphan at a young age, a 16-year-old determined Hamilton (Lin-Manuel Miranda) enters the King’s College and makes his way to the right-hand man of George Washington and becomes the Secretary of Treasury. The character of Alexander Hamilton is central to the musical, as his narrative reveals some of the major historical events such as the battle of Yorktown, issuing Amendments to the US Constitution, and the evolvement of the Republican party. The musical by no means omit the storyline of Hamilton’s love life, replete with passion and drama. Married to Eliza Schuyler (Philippa Soo), Alexander feels an inexplicable connection with Eliza’s older sister Angelica (Renee Elise Goldsberry) and cannot resist the seduction from his mistress. The story ends with Hamilton dying after the duel with Aaron Burr, who feels remorse for the mistake he has made, as apparently, the world could have been “wide enough for both Hamilton” and Burr (Miranda, 2020, 02:26:56). The music is a central attribute of this historical performance, and I was taken aback by the sound of heavy hip-hop and R&B beats from the very opening scene. In the words of the producer himself, Hamilton serves as an attempt to recreate the history of America’s past through the lens of America’s present. It may also be the reason for the producer to include many ethnically diverse characters for historically white figures to reconsider the very image of founding fathers according to the American reality full of diversity and exhausted from omnipresent white privilege. Unden
Taiwan and the United States have had a strong business relationship that is founded on trust and cooperation. The two countries developed their close relations during and after World War II when they signed an agreement, the so-called Sino-American mutual defense treaty in 1954 (Chang, & Clark 2008). This was meant to strengthen their military alliance, being a factor that enhanced Taiwan’s military muscles. Consequently, with the improved security in Taiwan, its economy began to grow rapidly, of course, with the American economic aid playing a major role in its growth. In the year 1972, the United States changed its policies towards the Republic of China by switching recognition of the ROC to Peoples Republic of China PRC (Chang, & Clark 2008). However, only diplomatic relations changed between the ROC and the United States. The friendship between the people of the two states remained unchanged as well as the business ties (Chang, & Clark 2008). Baisen International Co., Ltd is an American MNC that deals mainly with compact fluorescent Energy-saving Desk Lamps, Clip-On Lamps, as well floor Lamps (Martin, 2012). The
The society of the United States has gone a long way from being a British colony to becoming a powerful democratic country. This way was filled with serious issues and mistakes; the society of the US was undergoing all kinds of influences for decades. Big changes had to happen for it to reach the level it is on right now. As the country was large and its leaders were motivated by imperialistic moods, its sizes grew quickly. New lands were annexed, new states were added to the union, the population has expanded. Besides, the people living on the territory of the United States have always been diverse, with multiple various needs, views and interests. Keeping such huge and diverse country under control takes a lot of effort. The first laws created by the leaders of the United States were adopted in 1781 and called the Articles of Confederation. It has to be mentioned that by the time when the Articles of Confederation appeared slavery on the territory of the United States was very popular and the majority of the most outstanding politicians such as Thomas Jefferson and George Washington were slave owners. Slavery was judged by them and many other political leaders, yet the number of slaves in the Southern states was huge and counted at least forty per cent of the population. The income of Southern colonists was based on slave labor. This is why the Articles of Confederation were designed to ignore the issues of slavery completely. According to the Articles of Confederation, each of the States of America had power and permission to deal with their issues individually, this way the national government of the US had very little rights and strengths. This was done as a safety measure, because a powerful central government did not have much trust after the colonial period. Yet, the government without any significant powers was simply ineffective and it did not even manage to handle the tax system or the distribution of any proper laws. This is why the representatives of the states decided to gather in Philadelphia in 1787 in order to introduce corrections to the A
In my opinion, Alexander Stephens and the state of Mississippi regard slavery as a “necessary evil” just in the way many slave owners at the dawn of our nation saw it. According to Mississippi’s “Declaration of Causes,” slavery is “the greatest material interest of the world” and “these products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical regions.” They viewed slaves as objects/products; they did not respect them or see them as human beings. In Alexander Stephens’s “Cornerstone Speech,” he states that “upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man,” believing that blacks were beneath the whites and slavery was normal and just business. Moreover, he stressed that it was a law of nature that some races were superior while others had to serve them. The Union’s impending abolishment of slavery was the main reason Mississippi seceded from it. Slave owners who lived in the state felt that they would be losing a lot of money if they had to grant freedom to their slaves. They also wanted to extend slavery into the new territories. In the text of the Cornerstone Speech, the major reason for the state’s secession is revealed. It is stated, “We must either submit to degradation, and to the loss of property worth four billion of money, or we must secede from the Union framed by our fathers, to secure this as well as every other species of property.” This sentence can be seen as an illustration of the reasons for Mississippi’s secession from the Union as well as their views on the matter. They were simply trying to protect their way of life and their beliefs.
This article details the aspects of a Virtual Meeting Analyzer. This is an upcoming web application that can be used to analyze the dynamics of a social meeting. According to the article, evaluating the social networks that result from meetings could help in improving communication in social meetings. However, the article notes that there are many complexities involved in this process (Privitera, Martino & Gamberini, 2012). The Virtual Meeting Analyzer (VMA) is a web application that is modeled to overcome such complexities. The article begins by noting that prior to VMA social meetings were analyzed using arcs and nodes. The nodes in this case represent the social agents while the arcs represent the nodes’ interrelationships. According to the article, social network analysis is currently used in psychological research activities. For instance, it can be used to monitor social groups or initiate organizational interventions. VMA simplifies the analysis of small social meetings of less than thirty participants. There is no expertise in social network analysis or computer science that is required when using VMA. Other software programs that were previously used for this task did not have this element of simplicity. These programs also incorporated manual coding and this left room for errors. According to the article, VMA has four modules. Each of these four modules corresponds with the activity being performed. The four modules include configuration, recording, meeting creation, and temporal analysis. The meeting creation module allows the user to create a new meeting or load a previous one. The configuration module accounts for characteristics of the meeting’s environment. The recording module allows the user to record all the communication events in a meeting. This module is instantaneous. The temporal analysis module provides a temporary description of the social network. When the network develops, the temporal analysis module updates these developments. The article then outlines the considerations that were made during the development of the VMA web application program. The most important developmental consideration was that VMA could be accessed through any internet-enabled device. The article continues by claiming that VMA web applications can work with a wide range of browsers (Borgatti, Everett & Freeman, 2001). The next part of the article details the application’s evaluation. According to the article, the evaluation’s main objective was meant to prove that VMA could be used by users with no technical background. The evaluation was conducted using two different scenarios to guarantee effectiveness. In the first scenario, a VMA user was presented with thirty-five questions. The questions investigated the device’s navigability, design, visibility, comprehensibility, and error handling. This second scenario investigated the effectiveness of the application’s inner workings. The article notes that both evaluations revealed positive feedback from the participants. Among the highest rated components of VMA included the application’s meeting creation and participant