ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Popularity among customers and ability to convey the message in an effective way remain the most important things that can ensure the success of a company. In order to be able to meet these requirements, many large companies develop special strategies and launch marketing campaigns that allow them to redefine their public images and demonstrate their ability to be in step with the times. Such campaigns may help to attract more attention to a particular problem within the field of work and its possible solutions proposed by a company. Nevertheless, the success of marketing campaign depends upon a variety of factors. Developing the effective marketing campaign strategy is a highly sensitive task that includes many important steps such as defining its main objectives, analysing target audience and its needs, inventing the ways of how to incorporate vision of a company into the activities, and defining the most effective tools that would help to convey the message (Ewing, Stewart, Mather, & Newton, 2014). Nowadays, many companies use marketing campaigns; some of them turn out to be more effective than the others due to many reasons. More than one year ago, Xerox Corporation also decided to attract customers’ attention to its wide range of products with the help of the new marketing campaign called “Work Can Work Better”. There are different opinions on its effectiveness but it definitely encouraged the world to see Xerox Corporation and its activity in a different light. The Campaign and the Present Position of Xerox Corporation To begin with, Xerox Corporation belongs to the number of the largest companies in the United States. It is the company with a long history; it was established more than one hundred years ago. Xerox Corporation is believed to be one of the leading companies when it comes to office machinery and the development of digital printing technologies. Furthermore, the company takes an active part in developing new document technologies and professional solutions for business. Trying to increase the number of its products and keep up with the times, Xerox Corporation collaborated with other companies in order to invent new styles of computer mouse and modern interface of personal computers. The costs of this development were extremely large; due to that, the right to develop these ideas was given to other famous companies. Nowadays, company remains very popular in more than one hundred countries all over the world. The company produces a wide range of products such as printers, printing paper, special software for printers and scanners. Trying to develop products that would provide a convenience of reference, the specialists from the resear
Introduction This paper discusses and compares two of the world’s prominent developed economies, which include Germany and the US. The paper is based on the phenomenon that despite being developed economies Germany and the United States each have a very different and distinct financial and capital set up in their regions. The reason for this has been primarily identified as to the experiences and the events the countries have had to face in the past century. By analyzing and observing the events that have taken place in the past and divulging into the history of these nations we were able to identify that the United States of America has a much more liberal and consumer oriented economy which is financed through corporations as well as the stock exchange and foreign exchange. Germany on the other hand has a more capitalistic approach towards its economy where everything is controlled by the central bank which is owned by the state. General Points of Comparison The reason for these two countries having such a dissimilar structure mainly pertains to the fact that US was one of the countries which was victorious as a result of the World War II and therefore was able to take advantage of a more efficient workforce at home. More over the company invested in military communication systems and technology which aided the country to develop its economy and infrastructure based on this technology. Many small scale niche industries providing specialized products to businesses and consumers sprung up which were successful in the 60’s and 70’s resulting in economic boom. This contributed largely to the GDP of the country. Aside from this the country also adopted a consumerist attitude towards its budgeting and spending policies both in terms of the economy as well as the market. At this time the corporations gained strength and were able to form and control the economy for the United States. An article by Richard Ellsworth in 1985 stated that meanwhile the country was able to earn short term profits from its growth through a consumerist attitude in the long run “the market standards for shareholder returns and financial leverage lead to corporate financial goals that divert executives’ attention from the product-market needs that build long-term competitive strength.” (Ellsworth, 1985) He depicts in his article that West Germany organized structure where the goals and the objectives of the company drives the growth in the economy. This is further enforced by their current capital structure. The US model is the structure of financial systems such that the financial markets existent in the region play a major role in influencing the economy. The German Model for the economy is considered to be one where the banks and the intermediaries instead if the financial markets dominate and influence the economy ad the market (Franklyn & Douglas, 1985). These authors also justified and presented the effect these two economies have on the market as “the U.S. financial system offers several cross-sectional risk sharing opportunities because of the diversity of the markets. Investors in Germany have limited opportunities to share risk cross-sectionally.” Franklyn & D
Background In Australia, there has been rapidly growing cases of obesity, cancer, heart diseases and diabetes among young families (Wallace, 2010). An effective health promotion initiative that targets young families can significantly lower the rate of obesity and chronic diseases by promoting healthy lifestyles (Bluford, Sherry & Scanlon, 2007). While individual programs can reduce cases of chronic diseases and obesity, they have short-term outcomes. Therefore, it is imperative to develop health promotion initiatives that have long-lasting impacts on promoting health and wellbeing of the public. The initiative should be coordinated, sustainable, responsive and support existing practices (Victoria Department of Health, 2013). The health promotion initiative will adopt evidence-based practices and reliable partnership to promote public health and reduce obesity in Christmas Bay, Sydney. Aim The main objective of this health promotion initiative is to promote healthy lifestyle with the aim of reducing high cases obesity, overweight and other chronic diseases among children and young adults through healthy diets and physical activities. Target Group The health promotion initiative targets young families living at Christmas Bay, Sydney. The target group consists of children and young adults. A study of young children aged 2 to 4 years in Sydney established that nearly one in six were overweight or obese (Zuo, Norberg, Wen and Rissel, 2006). Main Method The health promotion initiative shall rely on various modes of communication to reach the target group. There would be public education, social marketing and engagement (de Silva-Sanigorski et al, 2010). These methods shall ensure that people receives accurate information on obesity, overweight and chronic diseases. Public education shall strive to change people’s attitudes about healthy diets and physical activities. The campaign shall meet healthy living needs of children and young families. Media strategies shall involve the use of local magazines, newspapers and radio for mass coverage. Another critical approach of the health promotion initiative will focus on the use of local level efforts to enhance the campaign. The initiative will work alongside local organisations and offer any support, including financial aid and form strong partnership with the aim of accounting for local programmes, infrastructures, and planning procedures. The strategy to take local level promotion will ensure a coordinated and consistent process across various locations in Christmas Bay, schools, families and other settings with both low and high number of residents. Local partnership with councils will ensure that the initiative promotes and provides:   * A critical workforce to facilitate outreach programmes   * Focused interventions for specific children and young adults in a given locality   * Funding for facilitating and implementing healthy living alternatives   * Facilitate policies implementation in schools and workplaces   * Promotion materials that match local languages Potential Barriers Several potential barriers may hinder effective
The selected forecasting method is the Delphi method, which is “a process used to arrive at a group opinion or decision by surveying a panel of experts” (Twin, 2021, para. 2). It can be used in such cases as forecasting market trends, market capacity, consumer demand for certain goods and services, competitive market situation, and the prospects of ideas put forward. The Delphi method refers to the expert forecasting method since the main participants in this method are experts. Experts can be business leaders from different industries and spheres of activity, middle managers, and specialists such as economists, engineers, technologists, and marketers. In sum, the Delphi method focuses primarily on experts, who usually respond to a series of rounds of questionnaires, where the replies and reflections are distributed among the professionals after the completion of each round (Twin, 2021). Under the given framework, the collective opinion or knowledge influences the answers of experts for each consecutive round (Twin, 2021). In the end, a true consensus can be achieved since there is an element of reciprocity and information sharing. It should be noted that at present, enterprise managers can conduct effective economic activity only on the basis of forecasting economic phenomena using qualitative methods. However, in the face of increasing competition, any leader must also use quantitative forecasting methods because knowledge of such methods allows one to obtain significant advantages during the period of gaining a certain market share. Therefore, the study of quantitative methods is no less relevant than qualitative ones. Thus, quantitative methods mean a quantitative assessment of the future state of the phenomena under study based on data from previous periods using mathematical methods. Reference Twin, A. (2021). Delphi method . Investopedia. Web.
Introduction Being aware of issues involved in cross communication has become increasingly crucial. Communication across cultures is usually affected by assumptions, interpretations as well as expectations. Traditionally, the study of intercultural communication was approached from a social science approach (Nishida 1999, pp. 753-777). Understanding people’s culture, language and their behaviors is quite important. Culture has an immense contribution to our perceptions on situations. According to Samovar, Porter and Mc Daniel (2009, p.14), perception and language is quite important in intercultural communication as people from diverse cultures tend to view the world differently. This discourse hence aims at discussing at length about foreign language and communication as well as stereotypes. Discussion Spitzberg and Hecht (2000, pp. 575-599) believes that there are three major conditions that ought to exist before we consistently and consciously compete in our intercultural interactions. They are; skills, knowledge and motivation. If a speaker lacks one of those conditions, then the probability of competent intercultural communication is diminished. Understanding stereotype of people’s culture Cultural identity and understanding stereotypes is a significant component of intercultural communication (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel 2011, pp. 51-52). To avoid offending other people it is important to learn their culture as far as stereotypes are concerned and understand it. We should learn about stereotypes so as to avoid miscommunication, ethnocentrism, stereotyping and prejudice. Also learning about stereotypes eliminates the problems of understanding people who are different from us hence this will help us not to misjudge people and understand their way of life. To effectively communicate with a foreigner or people different from us, we ought to understand the stereotypes or details of their culture. That is generally the essentialist view of culture. Experiences do portray differences in how diverse cultures value space, language and time depending on diverse situational contexts (Fishman 1999, pp. 67-99). Thus cultural awareness is crucial so that cultural norms are not read as ingratitude or rudeness. On the other hand there is the non-essentialist view of culture which assumes that to communicate with anyone who belongs to a different group or culture with which we are unfamiliar; we need to understand the complexity of who they are. Having knowledge on stereotypes helps us to appreciate the fact that particular groups do not conform to other culture’s or own stereotype. Otherwise this can be interpreted as being ignorant and misinformed. In intercultural communication, it is important to distinguish between people’s personality and their cultural background. The aspects of culture do range from values, attitudes and behavior. It might seem perfect to generalize, but people need to be careful w
Perception The most important and critical aspect about a product is the perception of the potential consumers. Mostly, perception affects the marketing of a product and its overall sales (Quester et al., 2011, p. 27). The perception of the customers might increase or reduce the demands for a given product, thus affects it marketing. For instance, looking at our images, one might find it difficult to tell the actual thing being marketed, unless there are more descriptions about it. This means that the picture of the advertisement itself cannot be sufficient in marketing the product. Learning and Memory Marketing is also affected by learning and the memory of the marketer. For example, the person having a short memory about the product cannot do adequate marketing because he/she may forget other useful aspects of the product. Once the marketer have short memory about the product, then he/she may not entice the potential buyers to purchase the products because he/she may not be in a position to satisfy the potential buyers with the specific information that the latter may need to consider buying the product (Quester et al., 2011, p. 32). Self-Concept, Personality and Identity Construction Still on the consumer behaviour, there are several factors controlling the potential buyers, for example, self-concept about the product, issues of personality and a sense of identity construction. People differ in terms of belief, personality, identity and acceptance of a particular, thus such factors contribute to the overall perception and attitude about the product (Ulrich & Eppinger 2004, p. 42). For example, when marketing a company such as Google, there are people who do not believe that the information they receive from the search engine are credible. Notably, such people might not take the marketing of the company, its products and other related companies on a serious note. This fact would also affect the marketing approach that the marketer would use in promoting the company and its products. Self-deception could also derail the significance of the advertisement, thus must be attended to, so that the marketers avoid promoting unwanted products (Quester et al., 2011, p. 41). In addition, the consumer’s social status that makes up his/her personality and identity should be examined to ensure that the product marketed, meets the general demand
Introduction Irregular climatic conditions remain the prime (environmental) challenge that the globe is facing at present. The consumption of fossil fuels by the energy infrastructure is one of the greatest sources of greenhouse gases which are responsible for recent global warming and climate change concern. The ministry of the regional municipalities and water resources’ should play an active part in global efforts to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations to avoid reaching dangerous levels and to adapt to the climate change that is now inevitable. However, with the change in global climate facilitated by the emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, this might be challenging task. There is an urgent need to consider the renewable energy sources for sustainable development in order to reduce the carbon footprint. The major advantage of the renewable energy sources is that they can never be depleted since they do not exist in fixed amounts like the non-renewable sources. They are clean and have very little contribution to global warming. Most of these sources are harvested in their natural form and thus requires very little operation costs. Carbon Footprint Every activity has an impact on the environment. A business’s carbon footprint measures the impact that a business has on earth and its environments. Carbon dioxide is the only gas that people have the greatest control over. A carbon footprint measures a business emission of greenhouse gases in units of carbon dioxide. There are two parts of carbon footprint; primary and secondary. Primary carbon footprint measures the amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted as a result of use of electricity, driving, and heating. Secondary carbon footprint measures the carbon emitted by others who provide services for the business. The measurement of a carbon footprint helps in determining ways in which businesses can change their impact on the environment (Adeyeye et al 2007). Global warming is a worldwide problem that requires massive participation of businesses in reducing it. Improvement on the management of carbon emissions, creating intelligent utility and energy networks, optimizing transportation systems, and creating advanced water-management systems are some of the ways that a business can use to reduce its carbon footprint. Diagnostic tools such as carbon calculators are helping businesses to quickly assess their operations, to first define a carbon footprint and then identify opportunities for improvement (Cramton & Kerr 2002). Globalization and technological advancement has contributed immensely towards the increase in the number of industries in the world. In the process of production, fuel is required to run some machines; however, this fuel is a major source of pollution to the environment. Fossil fuels, for example, emit gases (when burnt) that are harmful to human beings and the environment at large- this is the commonly used non-renewable energy re
The adverse effect of the crowd mentality, also known as the bystander effect, is a frequently discussed behavior in human society. The effect refers to the increased apathy to the suffering of another person when the act is being witnessed by several other observers. The reaction of a crowd is a primary factor, as it signals to an individual about the acceptable behavior in a particular situation (Sanderson, 2020). A person doesn’t need to be considered “bad” to ignore such an incident. People also tend to loosen their moral standards when they are in a group, which serves as further promotion of indifference (Sanderson, 2020). Lastly, cultural, racial, and social differences can affect the willingness of an observer to help a victim (Sanderson, 2020). The effect has a strong presence in modern society and requires additional research to synthesize the best approach in eliminating this phenomenon. At a large scale, the task is straightforward: to prevent this type of behavior, people need to become more empathetic towards others. However, this notion needs to be delivered to each individual, who must then learn to act when it is required. By merely informing people about the existence of the bystander effect, communities can successfully decrease its occurrence (Sanderson, 2020). Moreover, a victim can avoid being ignored by the crowd by appealing to an individual directly, which increases the chances of help (Sanderson, 2020). Laws regarding the obligation to help can be used as a safety net within a community where the bystander effect is a widespread issue. In conclusion, the measures to negate the bystander effect require constant reminders for society regarding the harmful consequences of ignorance and inaction. Reference Sanderson, C. (2020). The bystander effect: The psychology of courage and inaction . HarperCollins UK.
Introduction A hybrid car is a normal, fuel-efficient automobile, but it has two motors – one is electric, and the second I gasoline-powered. There are several reasons why two motors are more effective. Electric motors, for example, use no energy during idle and use less energy than gas motors when the speed is low. Gas motors, on the other side, are more efficient at high speeds and produce more power. In addition to technical advantages, hybrid cars are safer for the environment and significantly reduce gas dependence. Benefits Hybrid cars represent the new technology and, as everything new, hybrid cars are more complex in mechanics and more expensive. A hybrid car has two motors and additional systems responsible for motors’ management plus a rather heavy battery and regeneration system. These systems must be properly inserted to work together safely. Despite the technical complexities, hybrid cars are more reliable because they are controlled by computers. Hybrid cars are fuel-efficient. Reduced weight, improved aerodynamics, and less powerful gas engine reduce fuel expenditures. Thus, owning a hybrid car will save money due to decreased fuel expenditures. Moreover, hybrid cars ensure better mileage because of reduced engine size. In addition, hybrid cars make roads safer as manufacturers encourage them to drive slower to economize fuel expenditure. Furthermore, hybrid cars offer several green advantages. In large cities, for example, hybrid cars will reduce pollutions and make a significant difference because they produce insignificant emissions during traffic jams. Hybrid automobiles are cleaner than gas-powered cars with lesser greenhouse gas emissions; they are reliable and comfortable. In addition, people who decide to buy a hybrid car enjoy tax benefits. The future of hybrid cars appears to be bright as rapid technological developments improve engine efficiencies. Moreover, batteries in hybrid cars do not need to be charged by external sources. Battery packs and other costly items are backed up with special warranties. Finally, hybrid cars reduce the dependence of humanity on fossil fuels. Facts and Data Philip Dunn argues that hybrids are more gasoline efficient than all cars:   * hybrid cars get 48 to 60 mpg (20% better than a fuel-efficient gasoline-powered car),   * manufacturers offer strong guarantees (8 years or 80,000-mile warranty),   * motors and batteries in hybrid cars do not require maintenance over the life of the automobile,   * brake pads last longer than ones in normal automobiles,   * hybrid cars reduce emissions by 25%. According to the article titled “Pros of Hybrid Vehicles,” hybrid cars have multiple advantages since they attribute technical and economic benefits. Despite the country and the owner, gasoline savings are significant as the oil prices tend to increase rapidly. Economic advantage is evident as gasoline savings may be redistributed for other purposes. Moreover, the governments give reductions and tax credits to citizens who decide to buy hybrid cars. Hybrid cars are efficient and much friendlier to the environment. M.A. Bartell notes that hybrid cars are rather small in si