ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
We investigate whether the far-UV continuum of nearby radio galaxies reveals evidence for the presence of star forming or non-stellar components. If a UV excess due to an extra radiation component exists we compare this with other properties such as radio power, optical spectral type and the strength of the emission lines. We also discuss the possible correlation between the ultra-violet flux, IR properties and central black hole mass. We use two sampes of low luminosity radio galaxies with comparable redshifts ($z < 0.2$). Spectral Energy Distributions are constructed using a number of on-line databases: GALEX, SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE. The parameter $XUV$ is introduced, which measures the excess slope of the UV continuum between 4500 and 2000 \AA, with respect to the UV radiation produced by the underlying old galaxy component.   We find that the UV excess is usually small or absent in low luminosity sources, but sets in abruptly at the transition radio power above which we find mostly FRII sources. $XUV$ behaves very similarly to the strength of the optical emission lines (in particular $H\alpha$). Below $P_{1.4 GHz} < 10^{24}$ WHz$^{-1}$ $XUV$ is close to zero. $XUV$ correlates strongly with the $H\alpha$ line strength, but only in sources with strong $H\alpha$ emission. There is a strong correlation between $XUV$ and the slope of the mid-IR, as measured by the WISE bands in the interval 3.4 to 22 $\mu$m, in the sense that sources with a strong UV excess also have stronger IR emission. There is an inverse correlation between $XUV$ and central black hole mass: strong UV excess objects have, on average, $M_{BH}$ about 2-3 times less massive than those without UV excess. Low luminosity radio galaxies tend to be more massive and contain more massive black holes.
We present HI line profiles for various models of circumstellar shells around red giants. In the calculations we take into account the effect of the background at 21 cm, and show that in some circumstances it may have an important effect on the shape and intensity of the observed line profiles. We show that self-absorption should also be considered depending on the mass loss rate and the temperature reached by circumstellar gas.   HI emission from circumstellar shells has been mostly reported from stars with mass loss rates around 10$^{-7}$ solar masses per year. We discuss the possible reasons for the non detection of many sources with larger mass loss rates that are hallmarks of the end of the AGB phase. Although radiative transfer effects may weaken the line emission, they cannot alone account for this effect. Therefore, it seems likely that molecular hydrogen, rather than atomic hydrogen, dominates the composition of matter expelled by stars at the end of their evolution on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. However sensitive HI observations can still yield important information on the kinematics and physical properties of the circumstellar material at large distances from central stars with heavy mass loss, despite the low abundance of atomic hydrogen.
We study the general theory of Frobenius algebras with group actions. These structures arise when one is studying the algebraic structures associated to a geometry stemming from a physical theory with a global finite gauge group, i.e. orbifold theories. In this context, we introduce and axiomatize these algebras. Furthermore, we define a geometric cobordism categories whose functors to the category of vector spaces are parameterized by these algebras. The theory is also extended to the graded and super-graded cases. As an application, we consider Frobenius algebras having some additional properties making them more tractable. These properties are present in Frobenius algebras arising as quotients of Jacobian ideal, such as those having their origin in quasi-homogeneous singularities and their symmetries.
We investigate the nature of the magnetic phase transition induced by the short-ranged electron-electron interactions in a Weyl semimetal by using the perturbative renormalization-group method. We find that the critical point associated with the quantum phase transition is characterized by a Gaussian fixed point perturbed by a dangerously irrelevant operator. Although the low-energy and long-distance physics is governed by a free theory, the velocities of the fermionic quasiparticles and the magnetic excitations suffer from nontrivial renormalization effects. In particular, their ratio approaches one, which indicates an emergent Lorentz symmetry at low energies. We further investigate the stability of the fixed point in the presence of weak disorder. We show that while the fixed point is generally stable against weak disorder, among those disorders that are consistent with the emergent chiral symmetry of the clean system, a moderately strong random chemical potential and/or random vector potential may induce a quantum phase transition towards a disorder-dominated phase. We propose a global phase diagram of the Weyl semimetal in the presence of both electron-electron interactions and disorder based on our results.
Let $N$ be a positive integer, $\mathbb{A}$ be a subset of $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\alpha=\dfrac{\alpha_{1}}{\alpha_{2}}\in \mathbb{A}\setminus \{0,N\}$. $N$ is called an $\alpha$-Korselt number (equivalently $\alpha$ is said an $N$-Korselt base) if $\alpha_{2}p-\alpha_{1}$ divides $\alpha_{2}N-\alpha_{1}$ for every prime divisor $p$ of $N$. By the Korselt set of $N$ over $\mathbb{A}$, we mean the set $\mathbb{A}$-$\mathcal{KS}(N)$ of all $\alpha\in \mathbb{A}\setminus \{0,N\}$ such that $N$ is an $\alpha$-Korselt number. In this paper we determine explicitly for a given prime number $q$ and an integer $l\in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{0,1\}$, the set $\mathbb{Q}$-$\mathcal{KS}(q^{l})$ and we establish some connections between the $q^{l}$-Korselt bases in $\mathbb{Q}$ and others in $\mathbb{Z}$. The case of $\mathbb{A}=\mathbb{Q}\cap[-1,1[$ is studied where we prove that $(\mathbb{Q}\cap[-1,1[)$-$\mathcal{KS}(q^{l})$ is empty if and only if $l=2$. Moreover, we show that each nonzero rational $\alpha$ is an $N$-Korselt base for infinitely many numbers $N=q^{l}$ where $q$ is a prime number and $l\in\mathbb{N}$.
Using 11-years of OGLE V-band photometry of Q2237+0305, we measure the transverse velocity of the lens galaxy and the mean mass of its stars. We can do so because, for the first time, we fully include the random motions of the stars in the lens galaxy in the analysis of the light curves. In doing so, we are also able to correctly account for the Earth's parallax motion and the rotation of the lens galaxy, further reducing systematic errors. We measure a lower limit on the transverse speed of the lens galaxy, v_t > 338 km/s (68% confidence) and find a preferred direction to the East. The mean stellar mass estimate including a well-defined velocity prior is 0.12 <= <M/Msun> <= 1.94 at 68% confidence, with a median of 0.52 Msun. We also show for the first time that analyzing subsets of a microlensing light curve, in this case the first and second halves of the OGLE V-band light curve, give mutually consistent physical results.
The $K^- p \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \Sigma^0$ reaction is studied within a chiral unitary model. The distribution of $\pi^0 \Sigma^0$ states forming the $\Lambda(1405)$ shows, in agreement with a recent experiment, a peak at 1420 MeV and a relatively narrow width of $\Gamma = 38$ MeV. We use these data in combination with those of the $\pi^- p \to K^0 \pi \Sigma$ reaction and elements of chiral unitary theory to prove that there are two $\Lambda(1405)$ states instead of one as so far assumed.
The category of finite Milnor-Witt correspondences, introduced by Calm\`es and Fasel, provides a new type of correspondences closer to the motivic homotopy theoretic framework than Suslin-Voevodsky's correspondences. A fundamental result of the theory of ordinary correspondences concerns homotopy invariance of sheaves with transfers, and in the present paper we address this question in the setting of Milnor-Witt correspondences. Employing techniques due to Druzhinin, Fasel-{\O}stv{\ae}r and Garkusha-Panin, we show that homotopy invariance of presheaves with Milnor-Witt transfers is preserved under Nisnevich sheafification.
We present results from ${\it NuSTAR}$ and ${\it SWIFT}$/XRT joint spectral analysis of V4641 Sgr during a disk dominated or soft state as well as a powerlaw dominated or hard state. The soft state spectrum is well modeled by a relativistically blurred disk emission, a powerlaw, a broad Iron line, two narrow emission lines and two edges. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation technique and the relativistic effects seen in the disk and broad Iron line allow us to self-consistently constrain the inner disk radius, disk inclination angle and distance to the source at 2.43$^{+0.39}_{-0.17}$ R$_g$ (GM/c$^2$), 69.5$^{+12.8}_{-4.2}$ degrees and 10.8$^{+1.6}_{-2.5}$ kpc respectively. For the hard state, the spectrum is a power-law with a weakly broad Iron line and an edge. The distance estimate gives a measure of the Eddington fraction, $L_{2.0 - 80.0 keV}/L_{Edd}$, to be $\sim$1.3 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$ and $\sim$1.9 $\times$ 10$^{-3}$ for the soft and hard states respectively. Unlike many other typical black hole systems which are always in a hard state at such low Eddington fraction, V4641 Sgr shows a soft, disk dominated state. The soft state spectrum shows narrow emission lines at $\sim 6.95$ and $\sim 8.31$ keV which can be identified as being due to emission from highly ionized Iron and Nickel in an X$-$ray irradiated wind respectively. If not due to instrumental effect or calibration error, this would be the first detection of a Ni fluorescent line in a black hole X$-$ray binary.
The tidal deformations of neutron stars within an inspiraling compact binary alter the orbital dynamics, imprinting a signature on the gravitational wave signal. Modeling this signal could be done with numerical-relativity simulations, but these are too computationally expensive for many applications. Analytic post-Newtonian treatments are limited by unknown higher-order nontidal terms. This paper further builds upon the "tidal splicing" model in which post-Newtonian tidal terms are "spliced" onto numerical relativity simulations of black-hole binaries. We improve on previous treatments of tidal splicing by including spherical harmonic modes beyond the (2,2) mode, expanding the post-Newtonian expressions for tidal effects to 2.5 order, including dynamical tide corrections, and adding a partial treatment of the spin-tidal dynamics. Furthermore, instead of numerical relativity simulations, we use the spin-aligned binary black hole (BBH) surrogate model "NRHybSur3dq8" to provide the BBH waveforms that are input into the tidal slicing procedure. This allows us to construct spin-aligned, inspiraling TaylorT2 and TaylorT4 splicing waveform models that can be evaluated quickly. These models are tested against existing binary neutron star and black hole-neutron star simulations. We implement the TaylorT2 splicing model as an extension to "NRHybSur3dq8," creating a model that we call "NRHybSur3dq8Tidal."
We present observations of CO, 13CO and of H2O in the middle and far-infrared taken with the ISO-SWS and ISO-LWS spectrometers toward two positions in the Galactic Center region (Sgr A* and GCS-3). Both ice and gas phase molecules are detected. The ISO data have been complemented with observations of the J=3-2 and J=7-6 lines of CO carried out at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The ISO and CSO data indicate that the absorbing gas is extremely cold, T_K ~ 10 K, suggesting that it is located in the dark clouds of the different spiral arms that intersect the line of sight towards the Galactic Center. From the analysis of the CO absorption we derive 13CO gas phase column densities of 1.1 and 0.7E17 cm-2 towards Sgr A* and GCS-3, respectively. The H2O gas column density in the direction of Sgr A* is ~ 2E16 cm-2. The derived CO/H2O and gas/solid abundance ratios corresponding to these cold clouds are remarkably similar along the two lines of sight. We find that nearly all the CO is in the gas phase, while the H2O is almost entirely frozen onto the surfaces of cold dust grains. Finally, the N_{gas+ice}(CO)/N_{gas+ice}(H2O) abundance ratio is ~5 implying that H2O formation processes are highly efficient.
Quantum speed limit (QSL) under noise has drawn considerable attention in real quantum computational processes and quantum communication. Though non-Markovian noise is proven to be able to accelerate quantum evolution for a damped Jaynes-Cummings model, in this work we show that non-Markovianity may even slow down the quantum evolution of an experimentally controllable photon system. As an important application, QSL time of a photon can be well controlled by regulating the relevant environment parameter properly, which is close to reach the currently available photonic experimental technology.
We extend our previous redshift space power spectrum code to the redshift space correlation function. Here we focus on the Gaussian Streaming Model (GSM). Again, the code accommodates a wide range of modified gravity and dark energy models. For the non-linear real space correlation function used in the GSM, we use the Fourier transform of the RegPT 1-loop matter power spectrum. We compare predictions of the GSM for a Vainshtein screened and Chameleon screened model as well as GR. These predictions are compared to the Fourier transform of the Taruya, Nishimichi and Saito (TNS) redshift space power spectrum model which is fit to N-Body data. We find very good agreement between the Fourier transform of the TNS model and the GSM predictions, with $\leq 6\%$ deviations in the first two correlation function multipoles for all models for separations in $50$Mpc$/h \leq s \leq 180$Mpc/$h$. Excellent agreement is found in the differences between the modified gravity and GR multipole predictions for both approaches to the redshift space correlation function, highlighting their matched ability in picking up deviations from GR. We elucidate the timeliness of such non-standard templates at the dawn of stage-IV surveys and discuss necessary preparations and extensions needed for upcoming high quality data.
Within the framework of the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics model, the deep subthreshold antiproton production in heavy-ion collisions has been investigated thoroughly. The elastic scattering, annihilation and charge exchange reactions associated with antiproton channels are implemented in the model. The attractive antiproton potential extracted from the G-parity transformation of the nucleon selfenergies enhance the antiproton yields to some extent. The calculated invariant spectra are consistent with the available experimental data. The primordial antiproton yields increase with the mass number of colliding system. However, the annihilation reactions reduce the antiproton production and enable independent to colliding partners. Antiflow phenomena of antiprotons correlated to the mean-field potential and annihilation mechanism is found in comparison with proton flows.
We propose a novel measure for template matching named Deformable Diversity Similarity -- based on the diversity of feature matches between a target image window and the template. We rely on both local appearance and geometric information that jointly lead to a powerful approach for matching. Our key contribution is a similarity measure, that is robust to complex deformations, significant background clutter, and occlusions. Empirical evaluation on the most up-to-date benchmark shows that our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art in its detection accuracy while improving computational complexity.
An $X$-TAR (token addition/removal) reconfiguration graph has as its vertices sets that satisfy some property $X$, with an edge between two sets if one is obtained from the other by adding or removing one element. This paper considers the $X$-TAR graph for $X-$ sets of vertices of a base graph $G$ where the $X$-sets of $G$ must satisfy certain conditions. Dominating sets, power dominating sets, zero forcing sets, and positive semidefinite zero forcing sets are all examples of $X$-sets. For graphs $G$ and $G'$ with no isolated vertices, it is shown that $G$ and $G'$ have isomorphic $X$-TAR reconfiguration graphs if and only if there is a relabeling of the vertices of $G'$ such that $G$ and $G'$ have exactly the same $X$-sets. The concept of an $X$-irrelevant vertex is introduced to facilitate analysis of $X$-TAR graph isomorphisms. Furthermore, results related to the connectedness of the zero forcing TAR graph are given. We present families of graphs that exceed known lower bounds for connectedness parameters.
In both quantum optics and cold atom physics, the behaviour of bosonic photons and atoms is often treated using phase space methods, where mode annihilation and creation operators are represented by c-number phase space variables, with the density operator equivalent to a distribution function of these variables. The anti-commutation rules for fermion annihilation, creation operators suggests the possibility of using anti-commuting Grassmann variables to represent these operators. However, in spite of the seminal work by Cahill and Glauber and a few applications, the use of Grassmann phase space methods in quantum - atom optics to treat fermionic systems is rather rare, though fermion coherent states using Grassmann variables are widely used in particle physics.   This paper presents a phase space theory for fermion systems based on distribution functionals, which replace the density operator and involve Grassmann fields representing anti-commuting fermion field annihilation, creation operators. It is an extension of a previous phase space theory paper for fermions (Paper I) based on separate modes, in which the density operator is replaced by a distribution function depending on Grassmann phase space variables which represent the mode annihilation and creation operators. This further development of the theory is important for the situation when large numbers of fermions are involved, resulting in too many modes to treat separately. Here Grassmann fields, distribution functionals, functional Fokker-Planck equations and Ito stochastic field equations are involved. Typical applications to a trapped Fermi gas of interacting spin 1/2 fermionic atoms and to multi-component Fermi gases with non-zero range interactions are presented, showing that the Ito stochastic field equations are local in these cases. Solutions for spin 1/2 fermions either free or in lattices are found.
We study the regularity of the $p$-Poisson equation   $$   \Delta_p u = h, \quad h\in L^q   $$ in the plane. In the case $p>2$ and $2<q<\infty$ we obtain the sharp H\"older exponent for the gradient. In the other cases we come arbitrarily close to the sharp exponent.
The explanation of the large CP asymmetries in $D^0\to (\pi^+\pi^-, K^+K^-)$ decays observed by the LHCb collaboration is likely to call for new physics beyond the CKM paradigm. We explore new contributions caused by the color-sextet scalar diquark, and demonstrate that the diquark with the mass of order 1 TeV and nominal couplings with quarks can generate the CP asymmetries at the percent level. Using the experimental data on branching ratios and CP asymmetries of $D^0\to (\pi^+\pi^-, K^+K^-)$, we derive the constraints on the diquark mass and couplings, which can be further examined on hadron colliders in the dijet final states.
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration is currently engaged in the first search for binary black hole inspiral signals in real data. We are using the data from the second LIGO science run and we focus on inspiral signals coming from binary systems with component masses between 3 and 20 solar masses. We describe the analysis methods used and report on preliminary estimates for the sensitivities of the LIGO instruments during the second science run.
Based on a general analysis of Green functions in the real-time thermal field theory, we have proven that the four-point amputated functions in a NJL model in the fermion bubble diagram approximation behave like usual two-point functions. We expound the thermal transformations of the matrix propagator for a scalar bound state in the $F\bar{F}$ basis and in the $RA$ basis. The resulting physical causal, advanced and retarded propagator are respectively identical to corresponding ones derived in the imaginary-time formalism and this shows once again complete equivalence of the two formalisms of thermal field theory on the discussed problem in the NJL model.
We investigate the error term of the asymptotic formula for the number of squarefree integers up to some bound, and lying in some arithmetic progression a (mod q). In particular, we prove an upper bound for its variance as a varies over $(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^{\times}$ which considerably improves upon earlier work of Blomer.
It is known that a reliable geometric quantifier of discord-like correlations can be built by employing the so-called trace distance. This is used to measure how far the state under investigation is from the closest "classical-quantum" one. To date, the explicit calculation of this indicator for two qubits was accomplished only for states such that the reduced density matrix of the measured party is maximally mixed, a class that includes Bell-diagonal states. Here, we first reduce the required optimization for a general two-qubit state to the minimization of an explicit two-variable function. Using this framework, we show next that the minimum can be analytically worked out in a number of relevant cases including quantum-classical and X states. This provides an explicit and compact expression for the trace distance discord of an arbitrary state belonging to either of these important classes of density matrices.
We study a two-dimensional frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the windmill lattice consisting of triangular and dual honeycomb lattice sites. In the classical ground state the spins on different sublattices are decoupled, but quantum and thermal fluctuations drive the system into a coplanar state via an "order from disorder" mechanism. We obtain the finite temperature phase diagram using renormalization group approaches. In the coplanar regime, the relative U$(1)$ phase between the spins on the two sublattices decouples from the remaining degrees of freedom, and is described by a six-state clock model with an emergent critical phase. At lower temperatures the system enters a $\mathbb{Z}_6$ broken phase with long-range phase correlations. We derive these results by two distinct renormalization group approaches to two-dimensional magnetism: by Wilson-Polyakov scaling and by Friedan's geometric approach to nonlinear sigma models where the scaling of the spin-stiffnesses is governed by the Ricci flow of a 4D metric tensor.
We investigated the effect of the light fermion masses on cross sections for e^+e^- into 4 fermions in the Fermion Loop scheme defined in hep-ph/9612260, and approximations to it. The effects are found to be very small, except of course in the collinear region of single W-boson production where the electron mass acts as the cut-off.