ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A long list of theories that attempt to explain human’s personality traits have been put forward by psychological theorists especially of the 20 th century. Some of the prominent theorists include Sigmund Freud, B. F. Skinner, and Abraham H. Maslow (Newman & Newman, 2007). Maslow was an American psychologist who was born and grew up in Brooklyn in New York. He is greatly honored for conceptualizing a theory about the trend of human development which is popularly known as “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. Being a humanistic psychologist, Maslow optimistically believed that all human beings have an inherent desire to realize and achieve their given potential to the highest possible level, which he referred to as self-actualization (Newman & Newman, 2007). This essay seeks to discuss, in summary, the five major levels of human needs that Maslow arranged in a hierarchical manner. It will then provide its applicability to the professional practice. The Hierarchy of Needs model has withstood the test of time as a very instrumental tool for understanding human motivations. This model takes a pyramidal shape with the basic needs at the broader base and the need to self-actualize at the apex (Newman & Newman, 2007). Maslow believed that people are motivated most by physiological needs which are inherent and include; the need for air (oxygen), water, food, rest, comfort (excretion), sleep, need to avoid pain, and to have sex. The second layer of the pyramid is the need for safety and security. Once the physiological needs have been met to acceptable minimum, a person moves to satisfy the second layer. The person is motivated by the need to be in a safe environment, as well as assurance for security in life like job security, retirement benefits and or constant care. The sufficient satisfaction of the first two layers paves way for the third which is the need for love and sense of belonging. One starts being motivated by the need for friendship, a lover, general affectionate needs, the need to have children, and a sense of as
Advantages and disadvantages of segmentation in the hospitality industry In hospitality, industry segmentation can be implemented in a number of ways. The main advantage of using segmentation in the market is to increase efficiency in the market and hence the sales. The hotel industry is demographically segmented in that there are different kinds of hotels operating in different areas. There are hotels operating on beaches and others operating in cities. This segmentation further ranks hotels in a range of quality of their services. This assigns stars to a hotel with a maximum of five stars. This is advantageous to the hotels since it provides customers with a range to choose from according to the quality that they want. It is also advantageous as it assists in making more inventions in the industry to provide new products according to the class of the hotel. Behaviorist segmentation in the hospitality industry takes the approaches to take into customer’s behavior. This is important since it helps the industry in making new packages according to the customer’s demand. The behaviorist segmentation creates a market for the high and middle-class hotel industry. This has helped hotels in the hospitality industry to operate targeting certain customers with certain behaviors. This has helped in creating specialization in the industry with some specializing in certain cuisines. This reduced competition in the industry reducing operation cost while keeping the profit high. Benefit segmentation classifies customers according to what they want to derive from the product. Again this goes to the quality of what of the service in the industry. There are those who patrons the industry for fun, others for conferences while others go for food. This is advantageous since it creates a more diverse service industry where customers get what they want under one roof. However, this increases the cost of operation in that many hotels in the industry tries to provide all under one roof, and hence other hotels are forced to follow suit to match the competition. There is an extra advertisement cost since hotels have to advertise all their services to the customers. Segmentation based on price and quality In the hospitality industry, this differentiates the kinds of patrons who will visit a particular hotel. Based on the target market, hotels provide a variety of products that are segmented on the basis of price and quality. It will not be a wonder to visit a three-star hotel and get an omelet and a low price and get the same omelets at a double price in a five-star hotel. This segmentation has been crucial for the survival of the hotel industry as a pillar of the hospitality industry. The factors that have enabled this segmentation to continue are many and vary from place to place. The first factor is the customer target. Fast food in a busy street will not be targeting the same customers as a five-star hotel but the same customers can visit either establishment. This has helped to create identity depending on the qualit
Introduction The chain of infection is a theory that aims to explain how an individual could acquire an infection from another. In many instances, the chain of infection theory presents a way for epidemiologists to collect the relevant information they need for preventing the disease from spreading or eliminating its occurrence. Chain of Infection Theory Consisting of six links, the chain requires each link to be suitable to the organism in order for a disease to continue spreading. This means that the breaking of only one link in the chain can intervene with an epidemic (Juraja, 2007). The following is the explanation of each link involved in the chain of infection:   * Infectious agent. Infection agents are organisms that act as infiltrators of organisms and turn them into hosts.   * Host. A host is the infectious chain link that acts as a receiver of an infection. Hosts can have different susceptibility levels based on their genetic and immunity factors that influence their resistance to pathogens.   * Reservoir. Reservoirs refer to environments where infectious diseases can live, grow, or multiply. They can differ based on the characteristics of infection.   * Transmission Mode. An infection can be transmitted to a host through different transmission modes such as direct and indirect. Direct modes include droplet spreads and direct contacts while indirect are associated with airborne, vectorborne, and vehicle-borne transmission.   * Portal of Entry. This chain link is associated with the way in which a harmful pathogen enters a host.   * Portal of Exit. This chain-link refers to the way in which a pathogen exits the host and is usually connected
The changing demographic trends have been pushing research agencies to demarcate the profiles of customers into more and more bifurcations. In order to market a product such as a Flat Panel Plasma TV, the target market that I would want to reach would be people who are interested in watching quality visuals on their television sets. According to the article, the groups of people who are the best fit would be the ‘Greenbelt Sports’, ‘Brite Lites’ and the ‘multiculti mosaic. All these three groups have been researched to show an affinity for watching television be it sports or satellite channels. Since target marketing concentrates on recognizing similar patterns between customers but also the differences that are present between similar groups of customers (Linda, 1996). The ‘greenbelt sports’ group would want a clearer, crisp voice (core benefit) from the product; while the ‘multiculti mosiac’ group would want better visibility to watch movies, etc. People relating to the ‘Brite Lites’ would just want the Plasma TV as a contemporary addition to their beautifully furnished homes. Considering the marketing mix, for the Brite Lites, the product would be ‘positioned’ as an expensive, contemporary product that would help them increase the beauty of their house; the pricing method that can be used can be ‘premium pricing’. For the ‘multiculti Mosiac’, it would be a product that would provide them with amazing viewing options. However, the high price of the product might pose an issue, which can be resolved by using ‘differential pricing’. Promotional campaigns would. As for the ‘greenbelt sports’ group, the product would appeal by providing amazing visual quality to watch sports at an affordable price. Promotion of the product could be done at sports events and on television with the advertisement focusing on the enhanced visual quality of the product. The importance is marketing research can be gauged by the fact that in today’s environment, the customer is the main focus of marketers. In order to know what the customer wants, thorough marketing analysis is done at the beginning so that the product attributes can be designed according to the needs and the wants of the customer. A satisfied customer would mean repeated sales and profit generation. Marketing research, therefore, holds the key to successful marketing activities for a product. Buyer behavior is the way the potential buyers of your product would behave in response to the various activities and attributes of the product. The most important behavior that one would want to influence is the ‘buying’ of the product (Charles, 197
Introduction Offering quality services in the health care system goes a long way in improving the overall wellness of a population. The Australian healthcare system seeks to promote the delivery of high-standard services amid the presence of various challenges. The issue of hospital readmissions is one of the notable challenges that are undermining the efficiency of the Australian healthcare system (AIHW 2017b). Particularly, readmissions infer to the scenario where patients are admitted once more after being discharged from the health facility within a given time (Zhou et al. 2016). The different literature materials available identify the triggers of hospital readmissions that range from poor patient engagement to the weak communication between the outpatient and inpatient health experts (Schairer et al. 2014). This study is based on the question, “Can addressing the main causes of high readmission rates and the establishment of relevant mechanisms improve this outcome in Australia?” In this concern, this paper discusses the need for identifying the causes of hospital readmissions in Australia as a strategy towards improving the outcomes of the issue in the country’s healthcare system. Data Acquisition The study analyses de-identified data acquired from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) since this source bears updated, credible, and reliable information concerning health in Australia. The study upholds ethical guidelines that safeguard the improper retrieval of such data by ensuring that the source is well-acknowledged, as opposed to taking materials directly from AIHW and presenting them as part of this presentation’s research. As such, permission is sought from the AI
Introduction The primary objective of any business organisation is to maximise on its profits and maintain a sustainable market. To achieve this primary objective, a number of factors have to be well considered for implementation among which include the extension of quality services into sectors such as marketing and customer service (Westcott, 2003). In a service oriented business, customers’ satisfaction is a key factor to the well being of the business. Customers have their expectations of the services offered by the particular organisation. Organisations should understand the current and the future needs of their customers and try to exceed their expectations (Reardon, 2004). Customer requirements must be met to ensure that both the internal and external customers are satisfied (Moore, 1995). The management of any organisation is usually charged with the responsibly to employ various measures that will help it determine if its customers are satisfied or not. Sometimes, the organisation may listen to customers’ complaints but address them in unsystematic ways. Due to irregularities and unsystematic ways of addressing customers’ complaints, the gap created can lead to the eventual fallout between the organisation and its customers. It is important, therefore, for any organisation to get a means of addressing such a gap. Any company must define a means of addressing complaints generated by its customers in one of its business processes. There is also a need for organisations to continually re-examine their business processes and designs so that any existing or upcoming loopholes regarding customer dissatisfaction may be identified and modified forthwith. Organisations must then draw proper guidelines to look in to how customers’ dissatisfaction may be addressed. A team of well trained employees must be appointed to deal with customers’ complaints as per the guidelines set by their particular organisations. Work may not be always well done as expected at some point in the history of an organisation, hence, the need for companies to always engage service recovery programs. With a service recovery program, customer complaints may be identified and addressed (Baker, 1992). A well implemented service recovery report may ensure that an organisation is sustainable in the market and able to retain its customers. The purpose of this study is to generate a service report recovery. A look at a service organisation’s overview, front stage functions, backstage functions, moments of truth, determinants of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, and the summary report’s strategic plan is meant to bring to light the objective of this study. A service organisation’s overview Kenton Hotel & Resort is a chain of hotels based in Australia but with key business interests in East Africa. Most of the guests of Kenton Hotel & Resort visit its East Africa’s outlets. Most of the customers of Kenton Hotel & Resort are mainly comprised of tou
Intimate partner violence (IPV) becomes an increasingly concerning issue as it may develop in any relationship within all social or economic groups. Even though violence does appear to come from a woman towards a man or in same-sex relationships, in most cases, it is conducted by male intimate partners against females. Intimate partner violence is a specific behavior that may cause physical, sexual, or psychological harm, thus being divided into four categories, namely sexual violence, physical violence, psychological violence, and controlling behaviors (Peterson-Sparks, 2016). The consequences of IPV are destructive and tremendous and require serious steps taken in order to help victims and prevent further violence. Similar to any other type of aggressive behavior, intimate partner violence may cause serious health damage and lead to safety issues. First, such activity may lead directly to health problems or injuries such as broken bones, head damage, or bruises. In some cases, IPV causes hardly diagnosable physical or psychological disorders, including fibromyalgia and chronic pain syndromes, which appear as a result of constant emotional stress (Kerridge & Tran, 2016). Second, intimate partner violence destructively affects mental health. IPV is frequently associated with depression and anxiety, alcohol and drug abuse, self-harm, and even suicide. Other possible outcomes include reproductive health damage or miscarriage in case violence is conducted during pregnancy. Finally, IPV negatively affects children, resulting in immune system disorders, psychological trauma, or even the development of similar violent behavior in adulthood. Even though domestic violence aspects correlate with victims’ gender and may have some differences, generally the list of health and safety issues remains the same. However, male victims do tend more to have mental health disorders as a result of IPV, rather than physical consequences such as injuries. Conclusively, intimate partner violence represents an uprising issue that society must not ignore. Importantly, various mechanisms should be designed on legislative, ethical, and moral levels in order to prevent the incidence of such behavior and provide any necessary assistance to victims. The abovementioned approaches should include reforming legal and criminal frameworks as well as promoting moral and behavior changes aimed at transforming social norms.
Jane Addams and Margaret Sanger are the famous female activists and representatives of women movements in the United States. Although the areas of these women’s interests can be discussed as different because Addams declared the principles of the woman suffrage and Sanger was known as the birth control activist, their ideas can be considered as similar. In her work “Why Women Should Vote” (1915), Addams points at the necessity of providing women with more social responsibilities and rights to guarantee that the level of their direct duties such as household activities and children’s education can also increase (Addams par. 2). On the one hand, this idea is rather provocative, and it does not correspond with the tendencies of the 1910s. On the other hand, this idea is reasonable because it is indirectly supported by Sanger in her speech on the necessity of birth control. The uniqueness of Addams and Sanger’s approach to discussing the rights of females is in the fact that these authors discuss any social responsibilities of women as the key to improving their roles in the family. Focusing on the texts, it is possible to note that both Addams and Sanger admit the fact that the woman’s main role is in her family. These ideas seem to be related to the spirit of the times. However, Addams develops this idea stating that a woman should “extend her sense of responsibility” (Addams par. 2). Thus, the author argues that if a woman has the opportunity to realize herself in the social life while participating in elections, her level of responsibility increases as well as the level of her performance at home. This position can be discussed as rather unexpected for 1915, but it is correlated with the goal of the woman suffrage movement. Focusing on the ideas presented in Sanger’s speech, it is important to note that the author also supports the opinion on the extension of women’s responsibilities. The statement that a woman will be more contributing to her family if she is able to control its size can be viewed as rather controversial while discussing it from religious and moral perspectives. However, Sanger argues that if a woman is focused on the birth control, she cannot become “immoral” (Sanger par. 6). From this point, it is possible to agree with the female authors’ visions of the woman’s place in the society while focusing on her direct duties at home, without limiting her possible responsibilities. The ideas of Addams and Sanger are also similar in terms of discussing the female right to choose. It is important to state that the authors focus on the women’s rights in the most delicate manner, while not declaring their ideas but trying to persuade the audience. Being an advocate for the woman suffrage movement, Addams notes that females should have the right to vote only after presenting the series of arguments (Addams par. 12). In her turn, Sanger promotes the idea that one of the females’ primary rights is the right to give a birth to a child. Sanger supports he
In the story, “ Thus Spoke Zarathustra ”, Friedrich develops a controversial character by the name Zarathustra. The character introduces his ideologies to members of his community upon returning from self-imposed exile in the wilderness. The concepts presented in the story reflect Friedrich’s personal beliefs and revolutionary ideas, especially on the ability to differentiate between good and evil. In the story, Zarathustra takes the role of a reformed and enlightened philosopher, who after having stayed in the wilderness for ten years, gains knowledge about morality, ethics and best practices recommended for all people. The paper makes an analysis of Zarathustra’s claims and ideologies, their implications towards conventional religions, and controversies surrounding his moral definitions. One of the significant elements asserted by Zarathustra is ‘overman’, a perfect state of being, which lies past the state of man. In his analysis, Zarathustra claims that man lies between the ‘overman’ and the animal state, but the ‘overman’ state is only achieved through desisting from all evil practices. In his advocacy for the ‘overman’, Zarathustra makes it clear that God is already dead and the only state within which humans should aspire to achieve is the ‘overman’. His claim that God is dead does not make him an atheist per se. In fact, he makes it clear that it is the lurking atheism, mediocrity and democracy in the world that he fears. Through his analysis of infinite time that holds finite matter, he fears the eternal recurrence, which he attributes to decadence in morality. Zarathustra is very specific about the contribution of religion to mediocrity, meekness and weak virtues. According to his newfound belief, religion promotes ideas that are not consistent with life, since it emphasizes on the existence of spirits and afterlife. Zarathustra claims that moral uprightness must be consistent with life dimensions and support the values and virtues within the understanding of man. Issues that go contrary to common life dimensions hinder humans from becoming an ‘overman’, a process that takes places in three stages. One of the first stages towards achieving the ‘overman’ state requires total and harsh self-discipline, coupled by renouncing of all forms of comfort like a camel does. Through self-discipline, humans generate resilience to differentiate between good and evil. The second stage requires humanity to declare their freedom boldly as the lion does, in order to enter the last stage of creativity and innocence of a child. Having successfully passed these three stages, Zarathustra claims that humans become ‘overmen’, with freedom and authority to set up personal values and live a perfect life. Zarathustra argues against religion, and in one instance, he cites three issues, which are highly c