ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Forensic linguistics involves the application linguistic knowledge in legal settings. Legal settings within this context include police caution, legal statutes and jury proceedings. Forensic linguistic takes analyses of textual evidence such as text messages, phone calls, written documents, wills, and essays and decipher them within the accepted legal language. Furthermore, legal proceedings such as witness and detainee statements, police records, and police interview and court interactions are brought within the insights of the forensic context of law. As an expert trained in the role of language within criminal justice system, forensic linguist takes up a number of jobs that enhance the achievement of justice. These include providing advice to the legal profession such as police, lawyers, and judiciary on the safety of evidence. These places a foreign linguist at the critical role in ensuring that justice for all parties is achieved within the realms of the law. In addition to the above, a foreign linguist act as expert witness in proceedings or court of the prosecution or defence and undertake or use research in to trends and patterns of behaviour that are influenced by linguistic and socio-linguistic factors. The key themes that encompass the work of a forensic linguist are authenticity, truth, fairness and equality. The authorship of textual evidence and legal processes must demonstrate authenticity. The true author of the documents under examination must be ascertained with utmost accuracy. A forensic linguist must also discharge duties in fairness and equality by demonstrating high levels of linguistic competence, knowledge and practice. It is through these core competencies and key themes that enable forensic linguists to comprehend whether they understand and make themselves be understood by the court prosecutor and the defence during court proceedings. The analyses of the manner in which forensic linguists approach their work reveal that they employ various techniques to ensure delivery of justice. These professionals collect data through observation, recordings and transcripts, speech or writing samples, and language testing and analyse the same data by examining linguistic features, discourse strategies, and socio-cultural aspects. Furthermore, forensic linguists work by examining links to other data such as language corpora and socio-cultural practices. Complex clause structures such as conditionals, elision, defining vs. non defining relative clauses and idiomatic phrases are examined by these professionals to ascertain the truth and authenticity of the legal materials. Lexical interpretation, phonological and socio-cultural issues
Introduction There are two theories that are profoundly applied in behaviorism that both radical and psychological behaviorism. These two theories are Skinner’s and Staats’s theories, which fall under radical and psychological behaviorism, respectively. These theories suggest that personality comprises of learned behaviors. Skinner’s theory presents the principles concerned with learning, while Staats’s theory provides details concerning the appliance of principles in terms of behaviors to assist in understanding personality. Given that persons come out of learning, Skinner accentuates that behavior ought to transpire, after which reinforcement proceeds. Repertoires in detail The behavioral tendency becomes more pronounced with the frequency and urgency in which reinforcements or rewards transpire. According to Staats, the learned behaviors are categorized into language-cognition behaviors, emotional-motivational behavior, and sensory-motor behaviors. Emotional-motivational repertoires are subject to adjustments in controlling nervousness and anger. Language-cognitive repertoire concerns the cognitive. Preview of the two theories Individual differences: persons vary in behavior according to their reinforcement histories. Adaptation and adjustments: people develop goods behaviors and eliminate bad ones through behavioral modifications. Cognitive processes: observable behavior is a better measure of psychological processes. Society offers an environment for learning and shapes personality. Biological processes and development: these influence feedback capabilities and learn the doings that lead to-constructiveness or chastisement. Overview of Skinner’s theory Describes conduct influences by either chastisement or reinforcements. Skinner never provided the causes of conduct for the variant personalities. He considered personality as a discipline contaminated with pre-scientific theoretical statements. The approach concentrates on the forecast and control of obvious and apparent behavior. The approach argues that grounds for behavior are external to the person in question. The theorist presents the idea that personality traits cannot be the grounds for behavior, given that inner grounds or reasons engage circular reasoning. Skinner concentrated on apparent behavior and external reasons for behavior. He also accentuated the significance of the management of behavior.   * Operant conditioning: behavior is established through environmental upshots dependent on behavior. It also is considered as the choice of behavior through its outcomes.   * Rate of responding: is considered to be the number of responses produced in a given period where a variation in this rate is perceived to be the substantiation of learning.   * Skinner box is the appliance th
Introduction HITECH legislation stands for Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health. Its main purpose is to foster adoption and regulate the use of information technology in health care environments (Mennemeyer, Menachemi, Rahurkar, & Ford, 2016). Among other things, it addresses data security and establishes penalties for persons and entities for its violation (Liu & Park, 2013). The act is also paramount for health care as it presupposes grants and spendings in order to implement IT in hospitals. This essay addresses various instances of HITECH use and impact. Impact of HITECH Legislation on Organization In the organization where I work, there has been a recent introduction of the Electronic Health Records (EHR) system. It became possible due to the HITECH act that authorized the allocation of funds for such an innovation. EHR has produced a lot of improvements in the daily routine of nurses. For instance, the workers do not need to fill out countless papers, as now all records are stored in an electronic database easily accessible to health care workers. Previously, there were cases when patient records were lost due to misconduct, or theft. Now, such incidents are hardly possible. We had to undergo certain training in order to be effective at working with EHR but the system is rather intuitive and even older nurses who usually experienced difficulties with any kind of technology regarded highly of it. In addition to that, under HITECH were are eligible for the safety and security of patient data as we access it through our accounts. This slightly complicates issues, as certain individuals may forget their passwords or lose them to a third party (Noblin et al., 2013). However, in a digital era, all nurses seem to be well equipped to work with personal accounts and knowledgeable of basic safety precautions. In addition, we received instructions on this issue. Article Summary and Reflection The article under consideration is called “Small Practices’ Experience with EHR, Quality Measurement, and Incentives.” The authors study the attitudes of 140 physicians toward the use of financial incentives for the implementation of EHR (Begum et al., 2013). The study utilized the control and incentive groups to ensure validity. The results indicated that in both groups experiences were positive. In the incentive group, there has been a meaningful increase in quality measurements and actions utilized by physicians. It demonstrates the effectiveness of financial incentives in relatio
Introduction and Case Description Recent developments in healthcare and medical research have placed increased emphasis on depression in young people. Studies have revealed alarming prevalence of depression among teenagers in certain communities. One study showed a prevalence of 4.7% among youth aged between 14 and 16 years of major depressive disorders. This was in addition to a 3.3% prevalence of dysthymic disorders (chronic minor depression) (Kashani et al , 1987 p.931-4.). It is not uncommon for young people to feel depressed or unhappy for brief periods; the transition from childhood to adulthood placed significant physical, mental and spiritual stress on the individual. However, this should not be a permanent situation; and if so, appropriate steps should be taken to mitigate the situation through active medical psychological therapy. Key to helping these teenagers is to effectively separate normal moody and gloomy introspections and those that constitute a grave risk to the teens’ mental and physical well being. There also has been a demonstrated connection between alcoholism and depression in all ages; as such, people engage in alcoholism as a method of self medication to dull the feelings of depression, hopelessness and lack of self worth. Alternatively, alcoholism may be the cause of depression by causing these feelings on a permanent basis. Many parents and other stakeholders’ often associate drug and alcohol abuse with the drive to experiment with new things by the changing teenagers; and often see it as a phase which when handled firmly will eventually subside (McMiller & Plant, 1996 p.394-397). Additionally, the low moods which are commonly seen in teenagers are also often seen as passing phases. For these reason, teenage depression and alcoholism are often not as well handled as it would ideally be. Nurses are often the first line of contact for all patients visiting healthcare setups; this is indeed also true for teenagers visiting hospitals for any reason. As such, nurses are often placed in a unique position to identify and evaluate symptoms of major depression and substance abuse in the pubescent teen. This is therefore a very good reason to put in place measures and systems which will enable the nurse to provide quality solutions for these youth. A well trained, experienced and equipped nurse would surely be of great help to our case study. Lorina Hall, a 19year old collage freshman was presented to a hospital by some of her friends with acute alcohol intoxication and a blood alcohol concentration of.26. Miss Hall, according to her friends had been experiencing some major upsets in her life during the period; these including flunking three examinations and breaking up with her boyfriend; additionally, Lorina weighed
The sirtfood diet is a new creation of a group of celebrity nutritionists in the UK. Its main premise is that a carefully designed ratio involving calorie restrictions and several healthy products produces miraculous weight loss. However, the evidence-based foundation and sustainability of the diet are questionable, meaning it is likely a fad rather than a responsible dietary choice. There is little evidence to confirm the efficiency of the sirtfood diet. The only study its creators refer to was not published anywhere except for their own diet book. Even then, it does not offer any revolutionary insights, as it merely demonstrates that limiting the calorie intake and combining it with exercise leads to weight loss in the first weeks. Still, this is mostly water weight lost with the glycogen reserves – an effect known long before the sirtfood diet. If a person continues restricting calorie intake afterward, their organism will eventually break down the muscles, and if the calorie intake increases, people are likely to gain the weight back just as easily. Another downside to the sirtfood diet is the lack of sustainability. The products its creators promote are undoubtedly healthy, but insufficient to cover all needs of the organism. In particular, the restriction of 1,000 calories per day is excessively harsh. Additionally, the diet likely lacks in proteins, minerals, and vitamins. To summarize, the sirtfood
Being a decent and productive employee is one of the things that workers themselves recurrently tend to underestimate due to the lack of knowledge and self-centeredness. Nevertheless, there is a universal recipe for those who wish to be great leaders in the future – learn to be great followers first (Holton and Naquin 63). When an individual finally learns the basics of leadership and recognizes the goals and objectives set by the manager, he or she will understand that being a good subordinate always comes first in the business environment. Graduating from college, finding your first job, and becoming an excellent employee is almost never possible, but one can learn the three essentials skills in being a good subordinate in order to meet the manager’s expectations (Harvey 62). First of all, the boss expects their employees to produce quality work. Moreover, it is stated that time is not an issue. This is a very important point considering the fact that the employee got his or her job right after they graduated. Being a great employee is a tough challenge, bearing in mind that a worker can become frustrated because of a missed deadline or inability to perform a task that is new to them. A good subordinate is not afraid of the tasks given out by the manager and is making an effort to get the job done (Navallo 23). A nice subordinate makes the most of the granted drills and conferences conducted by the organization. It is essential to adopt professional conduct and get used to it, as wasting their own and their coworkers’ time will not benefit any subordinate that is fresh out of the college. Another crucial pair of skills that a great subordinate should possess are good listening and observational skills. The reason behind this is the worker’s attention to detail and their ability to assess the obtained information critically (Conellias 149). In other words, a good subordinate knows how to do the job correctly owing to their devotion to following the leader and their working strategy. It is safe to say that listening to and understanding the directions
Abstract Page This paper aims at examining the novel The Yellow Wallpaper created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman at the end of the 19 th century. There are three possible reasons for why the main character goes mad: postpartum depression, toxic mold, and poorly developed relations with a husband. It is hard to explain if there is one reason only for such outcomes and the development of the events. In this paper, several thoughts of why it is necessary to discuss all aspects of postpartum depression simultaneously are introduced. Postpartum depression may have various forms, and people who do not want to identify the problem which they have to fight against are doomed to suffer and solve the same problems again and again till their deaths come. Gilman shows one of the most dangerous and saddest stories of postpartum depression, and this paper explains why Gilman is correct in her discussion. Introduction The novel The Yellow Wallpaper written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892 is a story of a woman with an unknown for that period of illness. It attracts attention due to its mystery, the inability to introduce clear reasons, and the necessity to understand the development of the events using personal imagination and knowledge. Today, the reader can understand that this problem is postpartum depression, and its uniqueness lies in the impossibility to identify all symptoms and predict its development and outcomes. Postpartum depression is a mental health condition characterized by serious consequences of parturition and the necessity to take care of an offspring regardless of all the negative and painful experiences (O’Hara & McCabe, 2013). The analysis of the story proved that female madness based on postpartum depression might get worse in case it is accompanied by a poorly chosen therapy, a lack of support, and toxic mold. The Yellow Wallpaper is the story presented through the notes of a woman who experienced certain mental problems that did not have clear explanations. There are no clear causes of her depression, and the reader can guess that some mental problems began after the woman gave birth to her baby. Being forced to live in a dangerous environment, the woman could not cope with her emotions. “The color is repellant, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight” (Gilman, n.d., p. 649). In the story, the woman described her kind and caring relations with a husband. Still, it is hard for the reader to find evidence for such relations because of the total absence of the man in his wife’s life. More about The Yellow Wallpaper Who Is the Narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 70 Which Excerpt from The Yellow Wallpaper Contradicts the Narrator’s Belief that She Is Improving? 5 158 Who Is the Woman in The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 304 Why Does the Narrator First Dislike the Yellow Wallpaper? 5 591 The Yellow Wallpaper: at What Point Does the Narrator Go Insane? 5 459 What Is the Significance of the Narrative Form in The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 82 In the story, there are no diagnostic steps to be taken to help the woman and improve her condition. In re
With the sophistication and widespread adoption of information technology tools in clinical settings, they can be adapted to be used for patient education and disease management. The use of the Internet and personal computing devices offers an opportunity to provide patients with reliable and evidence-based knowledge regarding their conditions and how to manage them. High accessibility of electronic devices both in the hospital and at home offers a possibility to innovate health education since IT-driven programs can be programmed to be uniquely customizable and offer value-based treatment options. Furthermore, after discharge, patients can continue to access any materials and receive access to practitioners through telehealth to continue disease management and education (Einhorn et al., 2018). Health literacy and education will continue to increase as technology capabilities improve as well. Numerous possibilities such as wearable devices can potentially maintain real-time tracking and alert patients when demonstrating poor health behaviors or symptoms, at the same time providing relevant information on how to improve them. This can be practiced both in outpatient and in-patient settings. Health information technology tools encourage the collection and storage of information that can be used with artificial intelligence to provide accurate and targeted education to consumers through media and patient information portals. Electronic tools allow for direct availability of information to patients, improving literacy and enhancing outcomes in the long-term by increasing positive health behaviors, treatment and medication adherence, and disease management. Reference Einhorn, T. A., Osmani, F. A., Sayeed, Y., Karia, R., Band, P., & Iorio, R. (2018). The role of patient education in arthritis management. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 49 (4), 389-396. Web.
Introduction The relationship between immigration, post-human and globalization is based on the fact that humans, just like every other living being, are prone to change. Additionally, it is based on the theory that living beings evolve with time and are, therefore, obliged to alter their modes of living, thinking and even places of dwelling. Before embarking on further details of this topic, it is important to define and give detailed information pertaining to these subject matters. Immigration The term immigration has had quite a number of definitions, some of which have played a significant role in expounding on the push and pull factors that contribute to it. In the simplest terms, immigration may be defined as the movement of persons from their places or regions of birth to regions which are unfamiliar to them or which they are barely native in. In most occasions, people move to different countries or continents. Rarely do people consider movement to neighboring districts, provinces or regions with the same climatic and geographical makeup immigration (Watts, 2002). There are quite a number of reasons that prompt people to move away from their native lands. Some of these reasons include political unsteadiness, economic aspects, family re-union, poverty, natural catastrophes or merely the urge to alter surrounding. These reasons are further categorized into push and pull factors. Push factors are the negative reasons that make the living environment in native lands unfavorable. Pull reasons, on the other hand, are principally the motivation factors for moving from a locality of origin. In economic immigration for instance, better wages in other countries are usual motives that instigate immigration. Globalization Globalization may be described as the increased economic independence by nations worldwide and is instigated by an increase in the volumes of cross-border trade. It is also brought about by free international capital flow, quick absorption of technology and comparatively high levels of education amongst citizens. It is important to note that globalization integrates economic factors, cultures, technology and political aspects all of which interlink. This is because all these aspects play an integral part in determining the quality of someone’s life (Haney, 2009). Globalization has quite a number of characteristics on the economic status, culture and intellectual aspects. In economics, for instance, globalization impacts by increasing international trade, international flow of capital, creation of more international treaties and the advancement of the relative global financial systems. It also increases the various roles played by international bodies and organizations such as WTO and economic activities and practices (Hamilton, and Wood, 2009). In culture, on the other hand, globalization impacts by enhancing international cultural exchange, widespread of multiculturalism, widespread international tourism and travel and incorporation of foreign foods into other regions. That aside, globalization also