ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Organization can be defined as a planned process that people interrelate for a certain objective. An organization can also be said to be a construction of relationships, power, purposes, roles, actions and communications that come along during the contact of several individuals. Under this definition, an organization life can be said to be made of people’s interaction (Thompson & McEwen, 1958) On the other hand, an organization can be said to be a set of social bonds purposely created with the clear objective of achieving some targeted goals. Since organization are created through the social foundations that differ from one person to the other, then organization can be said to be created and is different depending on the purpose of its formation. According to another definition, organization is said to be a makeup of interpersonal interactions and in which, the members recognized in terms of their class, status and duties within the organization (Aldrich1979). In another definition, organization is a structure that has inputs, procedures, productivity, response and a surrounding. Therefore, according to this definition, an organization life is not fictional or created, but it occurs naturally with its structures clearly defined (Thompson & McEwen 1958). Any individual practice has an effect on organizational life even if the practice is positive or negative. Accordingly, the whole life within one company consists of the structure of actions and commodities manufactured. That is the reason life in the organization can be explained as made or constructed through individual actions and not as natural occurrence. To understand the organizational life, the values and the activities that supply to the distinctive social and psychological surrounding of the business are to be learnt. To know if organizational culture is made or occur naturally, certain ideas on the communication is to be looked at. First is the application of metaphor in the organization context. The second perspective will be the functions of symbols to the organization. Myths and stories will also be discussed since they are figurative communication in the organization. Lastly, language and text will be looked to see how it contributes to the creation of the organizational life. Use of metaphor in the organization life Metaphor can be defined as borrowed figures or signs used to deliver a particular meaning in a spoken language. Metaphors are used in a place of an absent word in a statement that although it carries a proper meaning, it is not emphasizing as the metaphor. Through the emphasis of a particular feature of domain and hiding the rest of the attributes, a metaphor helps a person to look at the world in a different perspective. For instance one may describe a company as a beehive of activities that means that people are very busy in the company and all of them work together for the success of the company (Tietze, cohen & Musson, 2003). Met
Introduction The global health pandemic that began in 2020 influenced all businesses and all enterprises. However, some companies demonstrate a particular range of resistance or have found a new operating environment system. The adverse effects of COVID-19 have been observed in the political, psychological, social, and political spheres of life. In minimizing the consequences of the pandemic, some nations have suspended industry and business operations and have adopted new models such as lockdowns and observation of social distancing to lower disease transmission rates. It has resulted in bankruptcies, closures, and lower levels of consumption. Most economic professionals consider the pandemic an unpredictable occurrence with severe effects and great significance that dramatically evolves the economic and political climate (Fana et al., 2020). Entrepreneurs identify the COVID-19 as a global disaster that can transform the organization application of remote working and virtual reality. This paper explores entrepreneurial opportunities in virtual reality and remote working in the post-COVID-19 period. Background Remote working is a flexible enterprise work where employees work in areas distant from their production facilities or central offices. There is no physical conduct among workers, and they interact through technology. Before the outbreak of the COVID-19, most employees had little experience in remote working, and most organizations were not willing to support the activity (Pratap et al. 2020). The pandemic provided an incentive to use the technology, which created the potential for improvement and evolution resulting from the increased adoption. The pandemic has led to innovation among companies and employees moving to remote work (Wang et al., 2021). Teleworking will enhance flexibility among the organization’s workers while lowering the environmental effects of mobility. Aim The project’s central aim is to explore entrepreneurial opportunities in the future application of virtual reality and remote working in the post-COVID-19 period by evaluating the current state of these fields. Objectives The research objectives of this project are:  1. Determine conditions that influence the execution of remote working and virtual reality  2. Draw on the theoretical perspectives of organizational work design, relevant company systems of value improvement, reports, and frameworks to identify how the system can be developed and improved.  3. Establish a database of organizations that have introduced remote work and evaluate the efficiency of their approach. The development of justification will be by an informed literature evaluation, assessing existing market reports statistics and reports with scholarly academic literature to define essential context and issues based on the idea, establish the idea, and describe the benefits among organizations that executed the strategy. The methodology part follows the li
The field of psychology can be characterized by the presence of a multitude of theories that represent versatile approaches to people’s development, behavior, and cognition. Among them, the one that resonates with me the most is the Gestalt theory. Gestalt theory presents a psychological perspective that is based on the understanding of the human mind as inclined to see and identify a connection between objects and events even when they are not visible. For example, a set of dots arranged in the form of a circle will not be seen as a cluster of random dots but as a circle; this is the case because our mind automatically connects the dots and recognizes the shape behind them. According to Gestalt theory, this kind of perception is not limited to the recognition of visual shapes but occurs in social and economic behaviors, thinking, motivation, and problem-solving. As a result, Gestalt theory can be a highly useful analytical tool. The strengths of Gestalt in counseling include its provision of flexible and phenomenological diagnoses that are focused on the identification of patterns and themes that are specific and unique to an individual client (Joyce & Sills, 2009). Moreover, Gestalt diagnoses are process-focused which means that gestalt counselors notice not only the elements of the clients’ stories but also their behaviors, environments, perception, and reactions. Counseling a client with depression could be very effective when Gestalt is used. According to this theory, depressed clients are approached differently than they would be in medical settings. Apart from the signs and symptoms of depression that are mainly considered by doctors, a Gestalt counselor will also take into account the environment from which the client originates and their relationship with it (Roubal, 2006). Symptoms of depression are viewed as the unique phenomena of the condition that the client tends to display; but working with depressed persons, Gestalt counselors will look for the processes that generate depression (Roubal, 2006). In that way, this approach can be very helpful.
New York Philharmonic is one of the oldest symphony orchestras in the world; more than 180 concerts are performed there annually. The concert under current consideration is already past; it lasted for three days: September 30, October 1 and 3, 2009. The symphonic orchestra with the legendary pianist Emanuel Ax under the direction of Alan Gilbert, New York Philharmonic’s Director, performed one of the most captivating programs in my life. Four greatest compositions were presented: EXPO by Magnus Lindberg, Symphony No. 2 by Charles Ives, The Unanswered Question by Charles Ives as well, and Piano Concerto No. 4 by Ludwig van Beethoven. Each of these compositions was created in different periods. However, their combination demonstrated unbelievable harmony of sounds and tastes. I was pleasantly amazed at the music, I heard during that concert: I got a wonderful opportunity to enjoy the combination of sounds, which brought me somewhere far away of the reality, and each composition chose own destination that leads me to my great satisfaction. In this report, I want to share my impressions of the concert and represent brief information about each composition that made this symphonic concert unforgettable and unique in the history of the New York Philharmonic. Magnus Lindberg wanted to create a significant introduction that could underline Alan Gilbert’s skills and professionalism. It is one of the most important parts of any concert – to present a worthwhile beginning to capture listeners’ attention and involve them in the rich world of music. Once, the composer admitted that “the orchestra… is my favorite instrument” (New York Philharmonic, 26); this is why all his works should not be evaluated as the compositions for only one or several instruments. Lindberg’s works involve the participation of numerous instruments at once, and their separation is impossible during the whole composition. EXPO was created in 2009; the peculiar feature of this work is a clear contrast between slow tempos and fast tempos. These two types of tempos turned out to be the main vocabulary of the compositions, where such instruments like flutes, piccolo, clarinets, horns, trumpets, drum, strings, and some others were the major participants. When I heard such a magnificent beginning, I realized that the money I spent on that concert was justified. The second composition that was presented during the concert under Alan Gilbert direction was Symphony No. 2 by Charles Ives. I read that Charles Ives dreamt about to hear how this symphony of his would be performed in the New York Philharmonic one day (New York Philharmonics, 27). He could not even think that within a short period, his works, his great compositions would be so encouraged in many philharmonics, and lots of people would come to the New York Philharmonics to listen to his Symphony No.2.
Television news broadcasts provide visual-based information on various news events, with the style, tone, and content of the presentation varying depending on the channel. Although the main purpose of news programs is to inform the audience about the recent issues, they are often criticized for being biased in their selection and depiction of events. In this essay, the TV news channels’ priorities are examined and analyzed on the example of the Special Report with Bret Baier on Fox News Today of June 4, 2020. For every news channel, the first priority is informing the audience about what has recently happened. Fox News provides information on recent domestic and international events illustrated with video footage, relevant comments, quotes from printed media, and reporters’ narrative. The main story of the Special Report with Bret Baier of June 4, 2020 is the public reaction to the killing of George Floyd by a police officer, which lead to global protests. The broadcast features the coverage of the memorial service and recent protests developments, including general information about the reason behind the protests, surveillance camera footage, videos from the memorial service, and footage of demonstrations. The second priority is full coverage, which implies that the channel presents the news from different perspectives and provides different opinions on the situation so that the audience gets a full picture of the events. In Fox News Special Report, most news topics are covered from different angles with the reports featuring the reactions of different people involved in the situation. For example, in the story about the conflict between Donald Trump and former defense secretary Jim Mattis, who accused Trump of trying to divide Americans, several opposing opinions on the matter are quoted (Terra Patty, 2020). The focus of the coverage is not on what happened but on who said what and how different people reacted. The third priority is shaping and influencing the audience’s opinion. TV channels have the power to shape public perceptions with a range of instruments and techniques, including news selection and presentation, accents, quotes, tone, style, and visual effects. Depending on how each issue is presented, what personalities and opinions are covered, what language is used in the report, and how extensive the coverage is, the viewers get a certain angle of the story. The Fox News Special Report of June 4, 2020 features three main stories. The first is the public reaction to the
The stories about the boy who faced challenges overcame all the difficulties, saved the wizarding world, and valued friendship inspire everyone. There is hardly a person in the world who has never seen the Harry Potter movies or came across the books. Hogwarts will help everyone to escape problems of real-life and will make anyone believe that everything is possible. J. K. Rowling wrote the first book in 1997, and the first book amazed so many people that Rowling consequently wrote six more. Harry Potter influenced not a single generation. Children across the globe read books and were waiting for the movies, believed in magic, and expected to get the letter from Hogwarts when turned eleven. Every book is written in detail. From the very first page, the reader feels as if he opens a secret passage towards a new and better reality. Harry Potter shows how prejudices, conflict, and social hierarchies work in the community and the role of the moral concepts in struggling with difficulties. The main heroes are realistic and advocate such important things as intelligence, friendship, love, and understanding. The story highlights that money should not determine social status. Perhaps, J. K. Rowling took the description of students who were not popular or even ignored in the school and turned their features into an advantage. In the controversial nature of heroes, the reader can discover himself sometimes. While writing a book the author usually gets inspired by something. In the case of Harry Potter, Rowling wanted her hero to face the same challenges that real people struggle with in the reality. Rowling once stated: I wanted Harry to leave our world and find the same problems in the wizarding world. So you have the intent to impose a hierarchy, you have bigotry, and his notion of purity, which is this great fallacy, but it crops up all over the world. People like to think themselves superior and that is they can pride themselves in nothing else they can pride themselves on perceived purity. So yeah, that follows a parallel to Nazism (Granger, 2009). The Harry Potter books are fantasy novels. The major purpose of Rowling to write the stories was to address significant issues that unfortunately begin to lose relevance in the modern world. The author aims to stress that friendship and intelligence matter more than money; fundamental values should not be forgotten. Harry Potter was a turning point for most of the children. This book raised interest in reading and proved that it can be fun. The wizarding world described by the author is unreal, however, sometimes this border fades and readers are involved in the book as if it is about their life. Every child had the biggest wish to become a wizard. Harry Potter became the mainstream. According to recent researches, Harry Potter fans are likely to be more tolerant and liberal (Kozlowska, 2014). Rowling helpe
In the present-day world, single-parent families are under a considerable threat due to the lack of support and the feeling of uncertainty that arises once one of the spouses leaves, whether it is due to a breakup, a divorce or a freak accident. Despite the fact that single fathers also have to face a number of challenges in the course of raising a child or children on their own, especially if they have to build relationships with their teenage daughters (Cherlin, 2013, April 17). However, according to the latest researches, financially and socially, fathers have more chances to bring balance back into the family. The given task is much more complicated for single mothers, however. There is no secret that single mothers are often stereotyped negatively to the point of being shunned by the society, which results in lower chances of getting a decent job and becoming socially active. As a result, in families headed by single mothers, parent drinking and poverty are upsettingly frequent cases. However, single mothers still have a number of advantages that they often forget about; once these advantages are put to use, it can be expected that single mothers will be able to build strong relationships with their children and provide for the latter. In their article Single mothers, welfare and low-wage work, Kathryn Edin and Laura Lien explore the opportunities that single mothers could use to overcome the challenges that they have to face in social, economical and financial fields. The authors start with a general observation of the current situation concerning the “economic well-being of mother-only families” (Edin & Lien, 1997); thereafter, four cities of the United States are chosen to see how the theory of single parenting is put into practice. Afterwards, Edin and Lien highlight the major demands that single mothers are usually supposed to meet in society, as well as within their families. The next step that the authors take concerns descriptions of the research methodology and design; by stating their method of research, Edin and Lien make it clear that their study is going to shake the stereotypical thinking off the readers’ minds and make the readers see the real-life challenges and experiences of single mothers. It is noteworthy that, despite the fact that the given article dates way back to 1997, it still remains topical – single mothers still exist, they face the same old issues mentioned by Edin and Lien, and are forced to fight the same prejudice in order to have decent jobs and be able to raise their children. Likewise, the poverty issue is still a major problem for single mothers, even though it has been more than a decade since the article was published. Therefore, the given article offers a unique opportunity to analyze the approaches undertaken in the distant 1997 to address single parenting issue, evaluate the effects of these approaches and compare then to the methods used in the contemporary world. It should also be kept in mind that the given article can be related to a large variety of social features. The fi
Introduction Nowadays, covered entities more and more rely on modern technologies. However, they expose important information to different hazards. Various technical safeguards have been designed in order to cope with such problems. To discuss this issue in detail, the example of a college registrar’s office will be analyzed. This office is located in a building, among many other offices. Its specialists have access to students’ records via wireless and wired networks. All information is stored on a server in the same building. The college administration has to protect the integrity of student records in accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. The main goal of this paper is to provide recommendations for ensuring technical safeguards in this college registrar’s office. Analysis and Recommendations Proper physical access control safeguards should include physical approaches, strategies, and procedures that protect electronic data from any type of hazards, including unauthorized intrusion. Therefore, adequate safeguards are a complex system of different methods based on access control standards (Mehraeen, Ayatollahi, & Ahmadi, 2016). Evaluation and implementation of these standards imply considering all physical access to electronic information. Such measures also should prevent access to a protected system from the outside. The main elements of proper access control are access provision, authentication, and entitlement reviews. There are several recommendations for the implementation of effective physical access control safeguards. The first type of measures should be aimed at protecting facility access. They should ensure limited and properly authorized access to all sensitive information and facilities that house electronic systems. It is necessary to identify all people that might use this equipment, such as employees working in the office, specialists from other departments, and students. Also, safeguard policies should specify the measures to control physical access, for example, video monitoring, security staff, electronic control systems, locks, and others. The next type of measure should include standards for the appropriate use of computers and other electronic devices that provide access to protected information. Another important aspect is the antivirus software. The staff should be trained on how to use such programs and monitor the update processes. The next measure is the control over the movement of electronic devices. It is especially important for memory devices such as hard drives and digital memory cards. Also, it is necessary to properly handle receipt, removal, and storage of all electronic equipment. Audit Controls Internal audit controls are a very important measure on which any company should rely. Such safeguard methods allow reducing risks and improve overall pe