ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, it is commonly assumed that, despite its affiliation with the religion of Islam, Turkey is essentially a European country. After all, a part of Turkey (Eastern Thrace) is located in Europe. Moreover, the country is the member of NATO and is scheduled to join the EU at some point in the future. The assumption’s validity is further confirmed, in regards to the fact that, just as it is happened to be the case in European countries, Turkey adheres to the ideals of democracy (at least formally), with one of the main principles of the country’s political system being the separation between church and state. Nevertheless, a closer analysis will reveal that the practice of referring to Turkey as a European nation per se is conceptually fallacious. The reason for this is that the manner, in which Turkey continues to manage its internal affairs, and the country’s current stance in the arena of international politics, suggest that it has so much more to do with Turkey’s historical legacy as the former Ottoman Empire than with its today’s thoroughly secular/democratic positioning. In its turn, this implies that Turkey is, in fact, a Middle Eastern country. In my paper, I will aim to substantiate the validity of this suggestion at length. Probably the main characteristic of Turkey’s system of political governance is that the country’s military enjoys a rather hypertrophied power within the domestic body politics – something that can be illustrated, in regards to the military coup of 1960. Even today, one of the country’s constitutional provisions entitles the military to right to intervene in the political process, once Turkey is in danger of facing a civil disorder of any sort, “Turkey’s main divergence from the normal parliamentary pattern has been the shadowy presence of the military as an independent branch of government” (Palmer, 2006, p. 324). Even though the provision in question is commonly seen as a temporary measure to ensure the proper functioning of the country’s democratic institutions, this is far from being the actual case. After all, Turkey has a long legacy of the military order of Janissaries (captured Christians, converted to Islam) having exerted a strong influence on the governing process within the country when it was still the Empire. As Palmer noted, “The sultans had become dependent upon Janissary support. Indeed, it was not unusual for new sultans to begin by lavishing gifts upon Janissaries” (2006, p. 305). Thus, it is in Turkey’s very nature to remain highly militarized and obsessed with conquest, as something that has the value of a ‘thing in itself’ – even the country’s most recent history leaves only a few doubts as to the full validity of this suggestion. The continual occupation of northern Cyprus by the Turkish army, contrary to the numerous resolutions by the UN, serves as a good example, in this respect, “The United Nations condemned Turkey and the U.S. threatened economic reprisals, but Turkey refused to budge” (Palmer, 2006, p. 3
Introduction Comprehensive business situation analysis can take many forms. Situation analysis involves the evaluation of the situation and the trends in a particular company’s market. The commonest is the analysis on the basis three C’s. According to Orcullo (2007), his particular situation analysis refers to the study of the major elements of the businesses that crucially affect the direction that any business takes. Gotz and Mann (2006) say that customers, costs and competition traditionally form the core of the three C’s analysis. Strauss (2008) says that, nowadays business situation analysis includes collaboration, the company itself and competitive advantage that the company holds over its rivals. According to Bohn (2009), another model that will be used to evaluate Morison’s company is the SWOT analysis. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that Morrisons is experiencing relative to its competitors will be analyzed to determine the situation and recommend the possible remedies and
Abstract Understanding the expectations of the consumers by the business proprietors is valuable enough to help in making decisions to attract and retain different personalities of the customers. Nonetheless, the available literature mainly focusing on what motivates the consumers to constantly use a brand. This study, therefore, aims to advance the limited research in this field and generate new perceptions in regards to the choice and preferences of the consumers. This study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data is whereby the researcher collects first-hand information which does not already exist in any form. The research has revealed that there are various dimensions that determine the level of association to a brand. This, though, is sort of a practical issue due to the fact that the consumers will still not be loyal to a brand even when they are satisfied because other factors like the price, ambiance and food quality, also will determine their ability to be loyal. Introduction Behaviour of the consumers Having an involved knowledge with respect to the conduct of the purchasers is extremely valuable in getting ready for the buyer based administrations. In accordance with this, it is simpler to call attention to the impression of the purchasers toward a specific item. Buyer conduct can thusly be clarified as the systems that consumers seek after when trying to purchase or look at an item or an administration that is intended to experience their yearnings (Abbas & Asghar, 2010, p. 23). Blanchard and Cathy (2002) in their study arranged the conduct of the buyers into two, “for the occasional subjective purchaser conduct, and shopper conduct attached to the buyer’s (experience-situated) (p. 47). The contrast between the two is that subjective purchasers are level headed while experienced consumers have an individual association with the item or the administration. Subsequently, Blanchard and Cathy (2002), in their study portrayed four distinctive attributes of a shopper, “for instance he attributes are consistent, instructed, pure, and social” (p. 65). Sensible purchasers will need to have a decent learning abo
In any type of business, management is a crucial factor to consider. Management refers to a process of planning, directing, staffing, coordinating, organizing, reporting and budgeting of resources to achieve the organizational goals effectively and efficiently (Allan 1998). Whatever type of planning in management process needs self examine as far as strength, weakness, opportunities and threats are concerned (Allan 1998). The Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa is a business which major responsibilities are catering, group sales and booking events to their execution (Carbone 2004). The hotel prepares departmental budget to ensure effective cost control. Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa establishes and maintains rapport with clients by conducting Post-conferences in favor of their exceeding expectations. Working closely with the Director of Sales and Marketing to prepare monthly forecasts requires SWOT analysis (Carbone 2004). The strength for Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa includes;   * They have very experienced Professional managing directors.   * The hotel acquires funds from the government.   * It has a well established and functional website.   * The hotel has very well organized departments.   * Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa has well trained staff and representatives.   * The hotel has it own updated news and information from all over the world.   * The lodge has active worldwide and nationwide travel.   * It maintains good connections with its business partners (Goldberg 1993).   * The hotel is located in a unique city with amazing breeze and topography.   * It provides and develops creative, innovative, active, cultural, unique and diverse activities and events to its customers. The weaknesses from Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa can be reviewed as follows;   * Funding towards tax revenue is generated by the hotel rooms.   * It has only four National offices.   * The traffic congestion in San Francisco might create a negative image when promoting the city tour packages.   * There are high expenses on lodging, food and advertisement.   * It does not attract travelers who do not consume wine and enjoy diverse cultures. Whereas strength and weaknesses emanate from the Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa, the inn also has opportunities which are usually external (Johnson 2001) . These opportunities are:   * The hotel improves relationships with it business partners.   * It establishes more offices nationwide and worldwide.   * The hotel creates and establishes its professional image to the public.   * Generally it improves its media appearances by marketing services.   * It gets more marketing and advertisement opportunities from other hotels and restaurants.   * It has very well stabilized online marketing technologies.   * It creates word of mouth marketing through its loyal tour operators and agents. The threats of Sonoma Mission Inn and Spa are as follows;   * It has a very volatile competition thus booming traveling management companies to advanced internet technology.   * The individual travelers are growing at a very high rate.   * The clutter internet information increases the difficulty in promoting its business partners.   * There is a potential presence of
One of the reasons why it is crucially important for just about any well-educated individual to possess a comprehensive worldview is that it enables such an individual to understand the significance of the surrounding reality’s emanations, which in turn increases his or her chances to attain social prominence. In my paper, I will aim to explore the validity of this suggestion at length, while elaborating upon the specifics of my personal worldview and upon how my worldview helps me to adopt a proper stance towards addressing life-challenges. The foremost aspect of my worldview is the fact that it is dialectical. That is, I believe that the actual significance of the reality’s manifestations should be assessed within the conceptual framework of how causes define the nature of corresponding effects. This is the reason why I do not think that it is being appropriate to discuss particular phenomena as ‘thing in itself’, outside of what happened to be this phenomena’s dialectically predetermined causes. In its turn, this partially explains why I consider myself a materialist, who does not believe in the realness of essentially metaphysical notions. This also explains why I think that is specifically the Darwinian theory of evolution, which provides scientifically substantiated answers to the question of what triggered the emergence of biological life on Earth and what had set the newly emerged life-forms on the path
Waiting line analyses assist service organizations to ensure customers are contented by reducing wait time. The waiting line is encountered almost everywhere people go. Waiting lines result from overcrowding and elbowing for amenities or when a place becomes filled fast. Waiting lines are common in banks, schools or at shopping malls. The time one spends on the line is dependent on the number of servers; the speed at which service is offered by the server or teller; or the number of people that waiting in the queue. They are meant for people and items such as purchase orders or a machine awaiting restoration (Ray & Thomas, 2008). Two overriding elements can be used to define the waiting line. That is the customer population source and service system process. The source of the customer population may be considered as finite or infinite. A particular population that involves the generation of potential customers is dependent on the number of those already in line. In an infinite population, new customer generation is not dependent on customers already in line. Service speed is attaining praise as a measure of evaluating service quality by patrons (Ray et al. , 2008). The second parameter that defines a waiting line system is the process of the service system. This includes the arrival rate and service time. The arrival rate is the frequency at which customers attend the service, while serving time is the period taken, for a customer, to be fully attended (Ray et al , 2008). For an acceptable waiting-line, the arrival rate is expected to be less than the service time lest the system fails to clear out. Rules governing s
Introduction “Shanzhai” Culture refers to a socio-economic phenomenon that has developed over the years in China. Boeing indicates that the word Shanzhai is used to describe criminals, or bandits, who perform illegal operations as a form of protest against corrupted authorities. 1 The literal meaning of the word implies a “small mountain village”. Cantonese slang serves as a source for Shanzhai word that refers to a particular type of a product. From a geographical standpoint, many Shanzhai manufacturers came from Shenzhen, the Guangzhou province. Nowadays, Shanzhai culture is a complex socio-economic and cultural phenomenon, standing out among other Chinese cities and economic landmarks. The controversy of Shanzhai is tied to the copycat culture that is increasingly popular. We will argue that the phenomenon of Shanzhai culture is not only a culture of imitation but also of innovation and economic balance. Copycat Culture and Intellectual Property The culture of imitation has become a hallmark of Shanzhai culture, as well as a rather controversial subject nowadays. Yang emphasizes that the world has long since stopped being surprised at the growing number of copycat products. 2 What is curious, however, is that a whole culture has developed around the imitation products. Yang argues that it is far more significant than a mere economic tendency to copycat famous brands for domestic market distribution. The author claims that Shanzhai cult
Nowadays, a number of countries demonstrate good attempts to improve their political, economic, and social relationships. As a rule, positive changes are associated with education and the level of literacy that people are able to achieve. Shapiro (2015) explains education as the key to global development and underlines his concerns about the impossibility of identifying its shortage as an international priority. Countries are divided into developed and developing in accordance with their statuses, achievements, the quality of life, and other factors that contribute to social inequality. In this essay, attention will be paid to Nigeria, as a representative of developing countries, and Sweden, as one of the developed countries, to understand the connection between financial problems and education systems. Foreign aid, additional funding, and access to new credible resources are obligatory for many developing countries to change their status and get an opportunity to obtain improvements in education and, thus, in employment or human resource management. The evaluation of the education systems in Sweden and Nigeria will prove the need for increased literacy levels and the solution of financial problems to find out the balance between developed and developing countries. Research Methods and Their Worth in Discussing Education The discussion of education systems and related social inequality is a considerable part of this social science research. The goal is not only to discover the major challenges and find out a solution but to build scientific knowledge and explain the chosen social phenomena through the prism of appropriate methods. To gather enough material and answer the questions about the effects of social inequality in education and the connection between financial and literacy problems, qualitative and quantitative methods can be offered. Bryman (2016) introduced content analysis, structured observations, interviews, and focus groups as the major sources to gather information on a topic. These methods are effective in defining personal and common facts and obtaining direct answers to the questions. However, in the majority of cases, such information remains biased due to the presence of a personal factor in the discussion. Meta-analysis and literature search are the methods that contribute to the field of education and enhance the comparison of the education system in the chosen countries. The use of key performance indexes and the results of recent reports in developed and developing countries will be used. Effects of a Developing Country in the Education System A cycle of poverty has a tremendous impact on developing countries. In addition to the absence of credible resources and poor identification of basic needs, such countries do not have an oppo
Discussion and Implications This study provides important management insights concerning the relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction. Findings from the study show the sales managers and supervisors at GE obtaining much of their job satisfaction from internal factors. On the other hand, external factors at GE, such as company policies, do not contribute as much as intrinsic values, to employee job satisfaction. Employee Job satisfaction Nevertheless, the study at GE shows that the influence of transactional-reliant reward factors varies from one sales managers or supervisor to another. The study explains how different variable affect the individual considerations towards their jobs. There were variations of the responses by sales managers and supervisors. The differences occurred because everyone has personal desires of initiating relationships with their superiors. It illustrates to the leadership that there are additional factors to look at, in addition to leadership style, when they analyze employee performance. The sales managers and supervisors conducted a personal evaluation of the company’s leadership, which then became apparent in their responses. For example, the high emphasis on how the leadership treats individuals was important for most sales and managers. However, the absence of the criterion on others indicates that it is not the only factor influencing their perception of their job. However, when it is a factor, it has a strong effect on the results. Consequently, while the context of the research by Rose (2011) and this research are similar, the outcome is different because the organization studies are distinct. The underlying relationship is that both extrinsic and intrinsic values affect job satisfaction. Sales managers and supervisors can still be satisfied with the absence of an appropriate leadership style as long as the other factors retain a strong influence. The absence of material rewards makes the leadership style, of a firm, crucial to its overall performance, which depends on the employee satisfaction. Thus, the study shows that employers are able to obtain high performance without necessarily altering their leadership style. However, the level of success will not be optimal until all extrinsic and intrinsic values for part of the organization’s culture. Furthermore, the study findings show that extrinsic values could lead to large degrees of job satisfaction. However, this would only occur where there is an absence of intrinsic values or in the case of this study; the praise given to sales managers and supervisors was physical. A similar study conducted
Farcargo relies on its information system for a significant number of its operations. Thus, the structure of the company’s information system is a crucial element of consideration. Farcargo uses a dynamic infrastructure for its operations so that it is in a position to address the growing demand of its clients. The company prefers to use a dynamic infrastructure for its ability to be highly responsive to the end-users and to meet its needs to use cloud computing to enhance speed and agility. This infrastructure ensures it delivers essential services such as the provision of traffic information and tracking of its assets with ease (Beynon-Davies, 2019). Farcargo’s information system is comprised of hardware, software, networking, and storage components in its infrastructure. Farcargo ensures that it uses updated hardware components to avoid inconveniences such as malfunctioning devices or system freezes. The company uses hardware components which include computer machinery and equipment, in its offices and headquarters, where the employees monitor the progress of the operation. The computer machinery uses a power supply, memory, cabling, and circuit boards for proper functioning. Moreover, computers use peripheral devices such as mice, keyboards, speakers, printers, and cameras to enable the input and output of information in the system. These offices also have switches, routers, servers, and data centers which enhances their operations. In the company’s vehicles, the company uses cameras and microphones to ensure easy communication with the staff. Finally, our clients are required to use their personal computers, mobile phones, or tablets to access the company’s information system. The company’s software consists of the application and operating system. Farcargo uses the Linux operating system to manage its system resources. The info system also has a strong storage system backed up by cloud storage. Cloud storage enables companies to respond to changes in hardware, software, or other resources confidently (Beynon-Davies, 2019). The software also consists of web servers and systems to manage content. Farcargo’s information system should have a simple interface where clients with minimal information technology expertise can operate. The company also emphasizes on speed and agility of the system to serve its high number of clients. The information system is designed to be highly confidential and utilizes quality system security systems for its protection. Other design considerations include reliability, accessibility, and
Rock and roll are one of the brightest phenomena in the history of music. This musical area is popular to this day, and some artists are diligently working on the development of the genre. The term rock and roll was first used by Alan Freed. He used the name for commercial and generational purposes, describing the recordings he performed on the late-night Moondog Show (Larry and Waterman 249). After that, the genre began to develop rapidly, but not without difficulties. For example, an important problem was cover versions, which sometimes copied the original too similarly to achieve the same commercial success. This violated copyright and did not satisfy the creator musicians. One of the most famous rock and roll singers is Elvis Presley. It is no coincidence that he is called the representative of the countryside of rock and roll: his musical taste was formed under the country music on the radio and gospel in the church. This had a significant impact on the work of Elvis and his followers. However, the genre could not help but develop in different directions, so another side of rock and roll appeared: R&B. Its representatives were Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Chubby Checker and other famous musicians. They combined modern musical trends with the already familiar rock and roll and thus opened up completely new facets of this genre. This allowed them to attract a significant audience among rock and roll and r&b fans. Most musicians wrote and released their own songs. This is why the audience identified them with the material and clearly distinguished them from the rest of the artists. However, some songwriters and producers did not take the stage: for example, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. They wrote songs from a young age and worked with many famous singers, even Elvis Presley. Their role was to enhance the quality and variety of rock and roll. Thus, the genre became even richer and more popular. Work Cited Starr, Larry, and Christopher Alan Waterman. American Popular Music from Minstrelsy to MP3. Oxford University Press, 2010.