ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gravity I selected the major of economics due to its absolute importance in the modern world. Every imaginable aspect of society revolves around economics. The gravity of its importance to the function of the world cannot be disregarded. Every single day on the news, you can hear events, debates, and worries which are related to the condition of the economic system. I believe that this influence which economics has in the world and its critical role in the development and evolution of society made me gravitate towards studying it as a science. Economics has existed in its primitive forms since the existence of known history. For centuries, it developed and had become more complicated to match the complexity of global financial systems and trade. A common misconception exists that economics is a discipline that is based solely on financial transactions and does not produce tangible benefits. However, science is a combination of many other disciplines including sociology, mathematics, and statistics. They are combined to form a mechanism that can be used to predict human behavior, manage markets, and improve the world for the better. Economics may not be a physical science or skill, but it can have very tangible benefits or consequences based on how it is utilized by decision-makers in various sectors of society. As a social science, economics is strongly based on human choice. Many decisions, from individual to societal, have economic implications. Based on the principle of scarcity and opportunity cost, there is almost always a matter of choice that is made based on the available information. Science helps me understand personal decisions as well as significant economic issues which society aims to resolve. Tipping Point For me personally, a tipping point that sparked my passion for economics was the 2008 financial crisis. At the time, I was already interested in the subject, but this event made me realize the importance of economics as a science and its competent application in political and business circles. As various sectors of banking, industry, and social programs began to decline rapidly and there was evident panic from practically all areas of society, I realized how far-reaching the effects of economics are regarding the modern way of life. The most incredible thing about the 2008 financial crisis was its predictability
A short history of Best Buy ‘Best Buy’ is an American company started by Richard Schulz and James Wheeler. The company was initially called ‘Sound of Music’ and dealt with stereos. By 1980, the company realized that selling audio parts/products was not a profitable business and as such started trading video products as well. The name ‘Best Buy’ was recommended as the company name by the board of directors of the company when one of their sale events, named Best Buy, was a huge success. Gradually, Best Buy launched a website to sell compact discs and DVDs. Soon more consumer products were added to the list. In the year 2002, Best Buy acquired Geek Squad that was into the repair and maintenance of electronic items. Best Buy extended this facility to all of its stores. Later on, the company introduced ‘big box’ stocking system that included high-end electronic items and home appliances. But unfortunately, this did not click and Best Buy had to shut down 50 stores due to a reported loss of $1.7 billion. Later the company started 100 smaller version stores and also dismissed 400 employees. Today, Best Buy is at the eleventh place amongst the retail websites and has 170,000 employees. The company runs not less than 1400 stores with annual revenue of US$50 billion (Best Buy). Since inception, Best Buy had always relied on a competitive price policy. But during the recent years, online selling has caught up with the customers. Moreover, such online selling companies don’t have much of overhead expenses and as such can sell at very competitive prices with marginal profits. This situation has posed a great threat to America’s largest retailer of electronic products. The main competitors of Best Buy were Highland Superstores, Silo Holdings, and Circuit City. Amazon.com has proved to be one of the biggest competitors (online) of Best Buy. Best Buy entering Chinese market Due to all these competitions, the management of Best Buy thought it wise to venture in other countries and they chose China as the potential destination. In order to gain some initial clientele and establish a strong foothold in China, Best Buy acquired Five Star, one of the biggest electronics retailers in China during that time. This happened in the year 2006; it is worth mentioning that only 75% of the shares were acquired. Due to the prevailing socio-economic factors in China during that period, it was supposed to be an intelligent move by Best Buy. A plus point for Best Buy was that it had some infrastructure already in place owing to its purchasing activities. The acquisition of Five Star provided Best Buy with a well established and strong
At the moment, we could observe the rapid evolution of technologies and spheres of human activity affected by them. It could be considered a logical result of the revolution in science aimed at the improvement of peoples quality of life. The most important aspects of a coherent society also evolve and obtain new peculiarities. As for the healthcare sector, its development remains the main priority as it maintains the state of the nations health and tries to improve the quality of peoples life. However, in terms of the increased demand for efficiency and outcomes of different processes, the need for the most relevant information and new approaches becomes crucial. In this regard, the introduction of EBP becomes one of the possible ways to attain success. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is one of the most important sources of information today. It encompasses several disciplines within the clinical practice to improve the efficiency of different processes and attain a reconsideration of outdated methods (Thyer, 2004). At the same time, EBP remains a powerful investigation tool that allows a researcher to perform a comprehensive investigation of a certain problem and create an appropriate solution. However, numerous aspects precondition the increased accuracy and feasibility of data obtained when EBP is applied to a case (Rice, 2013). Formulation of questions is one of these as they determine the direction of the research, methods that will be used, and outcomes. At the same time, it is a complex process as it demands an enhanced understanding of the current state of a certain issue, its perspectives, and factors that could alter it (Rubin & Bellamy, 2012). For this reason, it is crucial to formulate appropriate research questions. As for the analyzed Emilia Sanchez case, the comprehensive investigation of the issue is needed to assist her in the recovery and socialization. For this reason, it is crucial to formulate research questions and outline ways to carry out the practice. Considering the peculiarities of the case, the following PICO question could be suggested: In Emilias case, will socialization aimed at the acquisition of working skills and drug treatment programs demonstrate better results and help her to reunite with family if to compare with forced through cheap medical treatment? The given question creates the background for the following research. First, it introduces the target population – Emilia or other drug-addicted people who have similar problems that should be solved to improve the quality of their lives. Second, the PICO question demonstrates the planned intervention which is Emilias socialization using special services and treatment. The given intervention is compared to another possible method that could also be used
Introduction As history shows, attempts to establish contact between countries become fruitful either under external duress or because of internal conflict, those within seeing more benefit in creating new relationship trends than in perpetuating old ones. The appliance of pressure to countries of South, Southeast, and East Asia, presented as calls for “modernization,” has been aimed at restructuring Asian nations in a Western manner. These attempts while not always fruitful did not consistently fail, with China, Japan, India, and Vietnam having different reactions towards European demands, resulting in varying vectors of nationalistic thought. Thus, the modernization of Asia through the adoption of Western ideas and a break from traditional imperialist forms of government through its reimagining became the main aim of nationalistic movements, following national self-identification. Office of Emperor It is crucial to give attention to the existing systems of government at the time of Western interference, particularly to the Emperor’s rank, to examine the effect of Western nations within specific countries. The perception of the emperor decided the population’s loyalty to the current government and their course of action in reimagining it. 1 An apt example would be the Vietnamese nationalistic movement, which, having decentralized their conception of nationality from the emperor found an identifying factor within themselves, thus becoming self-sufficient in their self-perception. 2 There was no opportunity for the Emperor to sway the nationalistic movement directly to react towards western influence having lost the confidence of the people. The Chinese example, however, demonstrates how a government can garner negative attitudes toward themselves and towards their allies by proxy. 3 Hence, analyzing the examples, it is possible to discern the role of the emperor as one that may influence their people only when having not just their support but also their admiration. Nationalistic Movements by Country With a different historical context, each country reacted according to its history to Western influence, with some welcoming it within reason, and others seeing in it the epitome of exploitative relationships. The varying influences of government, intelligentsia, and the ordinary people, each altered the course of nationalistic movements, bringing about long-contemplated internal change. The ultimate effect, however, can be seen as a reimagining not just of the inner workings of Asian governments but also their external territorial claims that based themselves on nationalistic thought. China The fourteen-point popularity of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was the catalyst to the creation of Chinese nationalism and an active nationalistic movement. Wilson’s conception of self-determination, something created to suit the nation-creation of European states, held for China “the promise of regaining national dignity lost in eighty years of semi-colonial humiliation under the unequal treaty system.” 4 From the displeasure with the pro-Wester
Introduction The Philippines is one of the progressive countries in Southeast Asia. Its present growth can be attributed to the resilience of the Filipino spirit and the industry of millions of overseas workers, added with a popular and enigmatic president, Benigno S. Aquino III, son of former president Corazon Aquino, one of the heroes of the EDSA Revolution and martyred Benigno Aquino. The rich culture and a people who want to rise above underdevelopment can make a business venture promising and challenging. The economy depends much on Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) remittances and export products like sugar, pineapple, coconut, and electronic products which are being exported to major countries like the United States, Europe and other Asian countries. Overseas remittances remain the lifeblood of the economy; if it were not for the billions of dollars sent by Filipinos from the Middle East and other countries, the economy could have suffered much. Presently, Filipinos are united to rise from political crises that have plagued the nation for years. PEST Analysis Political The Philippines experienced two colonizing periods in its long history – four centuries of Spanish colonization which introduced Christianity, and the takeover of the Americans which introduced education and the bulwarks of democracy. Through these periods, the Philippines experienced political upheavals, repression, and a little growth. After years of instability due to the emergence of different political factions, the Philippines now has a stable political system under the administration of President Benigno Aquino or Pinoy as he is popularly known. President Aquino has opened the floodgates of investments coming from major investors from the United States and Europe. In the recent past, it was put in a stagnant position because of politics and quest of a few greedy politicians for power. It deteriorated during the reign of the dictator, Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled with impunity and countless human rights violation. There were other factors that affected the downward trend of the economy, such as the SARS scare and Islamic terrorism. (Beirman, 2003, p. 254) The Philippines is a developing country although in some respect it has been observed as more developed than some countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The country is blessed with abundance of natural resources and a big and industrious workforce presently employed in the Middle East, the United States, Europe and other progressive countries in Asia. Economic The Philippine economy has continued to be strong and growing despite the many challenges, both political and economic, that it has encountered all through the years. (Tetangco, 2006) The present global economic crisis did not have much effect on the Philippines because of the OFW remittances. Skilled labor is one of its valuable economic assets. The level of unemployment has gone down (Trading Economics, 2011) due to skilled labor being exported to countries wanting for talented and experienced labor force. The vast natural resources could have been a major asset of the economy if it were tapp
The merging of two known companies in the United States, AOL and Time Warner is judged as the merging of two companies done out of fear. AOL feared its business model required a continual adaptation to an internet that is changing. They also needed to ensure their broadband access is top notch (Verma, 2005). AOL required continuing with its growth by acquiring a strategy for the justification of getting a high market capitalization. On the other hand, Time Warner feared its outdated traditional network for media outlet required a facelift. They believed that, in order for them to remain competitive then, they required an immediate entry into the internet (Janis, 1971). Mergers that are done out of fear rarely succeed. In order for the understanding of their failure, the history and their market situation before the merging should be analyzed. Beginning with Time Warner, they trace back to Warner Bros. In 1989, they merged with a publishing house Time and became Tine Warner. Time was able to acquire Warner for almost 14 billion dollars and transformed it to a multimedia company comprising of motion picture, record label, studio facilities, television networks, film libraries, magazine and book publishing. In the year 1996, they intended to increase product portfolio and Time Warner were able to acquire from Turner Broadcasting System. “They turned out to rank second amongst companies with large cable television network,” (Verma, 2005).Through the company’s history, it is indicative that Turner Broadcasting, Time, and Warner expanded through acquisition strategies. The situation of the market prior the merger: the company merged in the year 2000. This was “before the explosion of over valuations in internet companies,” (Verma, 2005). From Time Warner standpoint at that time, there were high expectations to regain the momentum in terms of growth from AOL which was a leading internet player. Supernormal growth period and growth rate was in hindsight which is over inflated. It later on followed the growth of subscription of AOL. The downward spiral of Time Warner AOL’s development reflected loss in confidence with the market concerning the internet and it is symbolic for the explosion of the internet bubble. In 1999, there was a steady increase in AOL concerning the stock prices. This was interrupted by a phase of decline in the year 1996. It also coincided with buying Turner Broadcast
Heineken portfolio in US market The major brewers within the US market include; Anheuser-Busch, Inc., SAB-Miller, and Molson Coors Company. The major supplier amongst the three is Anheuser-Busch followed by SAB-miller (Finnegan, 1997). The beers sold within the US market are of desired taste to consumers. The drinking trend in the US is largely dependent on location and social status. One of the most sold beer brand in the US are Bud Light, Budweiser, Coors Light, Miller Lite, Natural light, Busch Light, Miller Genuine Draft, Miller High Life, and Michelob Light. USA has one of the largest beer import market with a total value of about $2.7 billion. The overall high demand for beer in the USA is because of the growing demand for larger that has low amount of calorie. Heineken was attracted to the US market because the company anticipated that high margin could be obtained from its special brands (Barsby, 1999; Reid, 1997). Heineken is one of the world’s leading brewing companies within the US market. This became possible because of the networking that the Company introduced between breweries and its distributors. The company introduced Heineken Premium light to the satisfaction of most consumers who preffered light drinks. This led to one of the greatest excitement around the Heineken brand in the USA market since it served so well the diversified population. Later Amstel Light was upgraded and became one of the most interesting drinks to consumers. These strategies of offering quality products guaranteed the Company a big success within the US market. The US market consumers became so much attracted to imported beer since they considered the European brands to be of more quality. The consumers within the US market were willing to pay the costs of obtaining Heineken because of its good image. Statistics in 1992 showed that the world beer consumption had increased and US was one of the leading regions in terms of beer consumption followed closely by Asia. This indeed offered a very lucrative market for Heineken hence its interest in the US market (Elzinga, 2005). Why Heineken introduced every brand in the US market Heineken Company in the US is located in New York and produces some of the best beer brands which include; Heineken Lager, Heineken Light, Newcastle Brown Ale, Tecate, Amstel Light, Dos Equis, and Tecate Light. The Company has become one of the leaders in importing high quality beer products in the US market The company introduced most of its products in the US because consumers were in so much attentive to special beer brands. Many consumers preferred drinking beer they considered of more quality and this gave Heineken the advantage of supplying the US
Introduction In the Wealth of Nations (WN), Smith argues that the societys prosperity can only be achieved if the society guarantees individuals the freedom to pursue their goals within the confines of natural justice. In a book that he had written earlier, ‘ The Theory of Moral Sentiments’ , smith explains both the origin of rules of justice and the emergence of moral sentiments. The Adam Smith problem refers to the supposed contradiction between Smith’s argument in favour of self-interest in WN on one hand and his defence of sympathy in TMS on the other. On the face value, it may seem that the two works contradict each other (Adam Smith problem). However, a detailed analysis indicates that no contradiction exists but rather, the two works support each other. In TMS Smith argues that in the pursuit of individual self-interest, the individual satisfies the interest of society. For example, a baker bakes bread for him to earn some monetary profits (self interest), but in turn he meets the societys demand for bread (societys interest). Under the capitalist system (WN), individuals pursue their goals through trade and production. As they trade and produce, they must take into account the values of other society members (TMS). Smith argues that an individual or a company will make greater profits if the society (other individuals) place greater value on its activities. It is therefore evident that self-interest contained in the WN and moral sentiments in TMS work towards the same goal. The market forces of demand and supply cannot function if there is no society, for without society, it is impossible for division of labour and its resulting efficiency to occur. This points to the fact that the market forces of demand and supply to some extent rely on the individuals ability to sympathize (role of justice in free trade). Smiths notion of self interest is therefore in line with his idea of sympathy. Discussion In 1776, Adam Smith published his popular book, ‘ The Wealth of Nations’ (WN). This book marked the beginning of the concept of market and free trade. To date The Wealth of Nations , remains one of the largely significant books in political economy. However, even before the wealth of nations, smith had published another important work in 1759, titled the Theory of Moral Sentiments . This book is little known outside the philosophical spheres. TMS provides significant ideas into Smiths perception of human knowledge and nature. This work was the foundation of Smiths economic theory. A number of authors have argued that these two books contradict each other (they call them the two Smiths). They assert that in TMS, smith focuses on having a feeling for fellow humans (sympathy), while in WN; he argues that societies and individuals accumulate wealth by pursuing individual selfish interests. Connecting Sympathy in TMS to WN Smiths concept of sympathy is central to the Adam Smith Problem. According to Griswold (260), Smith asserts that one of humanitys original obsession is sympathy or having a feeling for f