Introduction The connection of belief with a traditional way of life was the characteristic of Islam at all times, but it becomes especially obvious today when ideologists and the politicians, acting under the slogan of Islam, try to declare as much as possible people to be Muslims only because they adhere to many customs of their fathers. Knowledge of the bases of Muslim doctrine is rather variously at various layers of the population and in the different countries of traditional distribution of Islam. So, that is why it influences the way of life greatly. Any Muslim knows the Arabian sounding and sense of a creed of religion of Islam: “there is no deity, except for Allah”. Here two main doctrines of Islam are briefly expressed: there is uniform, unique, and an eternal almighty god – Allah; Allah has selected the envoy the Arab from Mecca. Every day Muslims try to remember this and they do everything in order to please Allah. Main body After 14 centuries from a small group of Arabia has turned to mullion-group of people of different nationalities, different languages, different social layers and cultural orientations. Greatness of god – Allah – is expressed in many formulas, well-known to all Muslims and often repeated by them in speech, prays, household exclamations, and, on monuments of Muslim architecture in Asia, Africa, the Europe and America. The bases of religion are known by any Muslim, both educated and ignorant. Almost everyone knows and “five pillars” if the Islam, five main duties of the believer. First of them is a pray. The pray of Muslims consists of some bows accompanied by pronouncing various religious formulas. It is offered to a Muslim five prays in day; it is possible to make them at home also, both in a mosque and in the floor. The pray is preceded with ritual ablution. Friday is the day of a general prays when all Muslims should gather for a collective pray in the main mosque of city, villages, and districts. The third ritual duty of a Moslem is the religious limitation in food. This process is in abstention from food, drink and entertainments. All time should be devoted basically to Allah, to be busy with prays, reading Koran and religious compositions, pious reflections. Except for the restrictions connected with food-limitation, in Islam there is a plenty of the interdictions adjusting the various parties of life of a Muslim. It is forbidden to Muslim to drink alcoholic drinks, to eat pork, to gamble. Certainly, not all these and other rules are strictly observed, but from time to time, and particularly in the seventieth years of the previous century, in various Muslim states the control, over observance of rules amplifies. Islam is very wide system on scope of social regulation. Almost all spheres of life of any Muslim are considered to be religiously significant. A man becomes a Muslim after the ceremony of trimming is made. The marriage is made at presence of ecclesiastics, and is fixed by reading of sacred texts of Koran. Divorce for the Muslim man is rather simple, for the woman is complicated, but too is possible. For understanding of a historical and social role of Islam the problem of a parity of the state and clergy is important. In Islam there is no church serving by the intermediary between the person and Allah, the spiritual estate possessing special good fortune; spiritual and secular authority in Islamic theory, partly