ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
My food choice on the current topic is Peking duck, one of the most famous Chinese dishes consumed globally. While the recipe is relatively simple, the complexity of the dish is implied by its ingredients and cultural heritage. It originated in China in the 13th century and quickly became one of the iconic dishes in the national cuisine (Dunlop, 2021). The duck itself is the primary ingredient of the recipe, and breeders have been experimenting with various duck species to find the best taste and texture of meat (Dunlop, 2021). Historically, the local Beijing breed was primarily used in the recipe; however, today, there are several varieties of the ducks used in the dish globally and are not restricted to one particular region (Dunlop, 2021). Nevertheless, people follow strict guidelines to breed the ducks and prepare them for the cooking process (Dunlop, 2021). Thus, the complexity of the dish primarily lies in the ingredients, which are required to achieve the authentic taste of Peking duck. Peking Duck Food System Concerning sustainability, Peking duck is not the most optimal option since it is a highly popular meat dish that requires specialized breeding and might negatively affect the environment. Even excluding animal slaughter, the breeding and cooking processes might differ vastly in various cultural traditions (Dunlop, 2021). For instance, the Peking duck is frequently cooked in closed ovens on gas, which implies a high density of smoke in one place (Jingyi, 2020). Thus, if the restaurant does not provide effective smoke extractors and other sustainable alternatives, it might cause significant damage to the environment. Combined with the popularity of the dish and the abundance of specialized restaurants, the Peking duck is arguably an unsustainable food option. However, it is also true that the recipe has an immense cultural heritage and is significant to many traditions. Ultimately, the drawbacks outweigh the advantages of Peking duck in terms of sustainability. Sustainable Alternatives Peking duck has arguably no sustainable alternatives, precisely due to the vast cultural heritage of the recipe. Since it is a meat dish, it is possible to substitute the taste and micronutrients with sustainable options, such as soy meat, lupins, or beans (Cwienk, 2020). Ultimately, a large number of meat alternatives have demonstrated a high potential for sustainability (Cwienk, 2020). However, as mentioned before, the Peking duck has a rich history with unique ingredients and specialized breeding processes, which constitute the complete food system. Many people have spent their whole lives perfecting the recipe and serving the dish to the customers. As a result, the Peking duck is an iconic and unique dish with no alternatives that could
Introduction Lung cancer occurs where uncontrolled cell growth spreads in one or both lungs interfering with the normal body function system. The abnormal cell growth divides into masses of tissue known as tumours which interferes with the normal functioning of the lungs-which is to provide bloodstream with oxygen. In cases where cancer cells migrate to other parts of the body, more serious conditions which may be difficult to treat may arise. This case can be seen in Malina case, who is the focus of the case report. The essay will first examine the effects of Malina’s conditions in terms prediction of its occurrence and how she has managed to live with it. Secondly, the numbers of treatment methods and complementary therapies available for lung cancer management and lastly, the provision of continuity of care within a multidisciplinary team setting and Palliative care. Basic Information Malina is a 46 year-old white Caucasian female cancer patient living in United Kingdom. She works a full time job as an audit clerk for a construction company and lives with her husband and two teenage children. The patient Malina is case adopted from one presented by Baldwin (2006) with symptoms of fatigue from her full time job as a billing clerk for a construction company and recently had a persistence cough. Lung cancer disease and the parameters in the prediction of its occurrence This case study refers to Malina (Baldwin, 2006), a 46 year old non-smoker, who was diagnosed with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and found to have adenocarcinoma. The case study used progression method to study the rapid movement of adenocarcinoma in the lung cancer for a period of two years. The results however indicated that the disease accelerated fast within a short period and even produced advanced form of cancer. It was therefore concluded that management of lung cancer can prove difficult with delayed prognosis and therefore palliative care should be the strategy to increasing quality of life (Baldwin, 2006). At the beginning of the treatment, the Malina’s home was tested for radon levels and reported no history of asbestos or carcino
Introduction From a personal experience as an employee of EasyJet Airlines, I realized that the business environment is characterized by a high degree of dynamism as a result of environmental factors. As a result, one of the issues which should be focused on to attain a high competitive advantage in implementing change. However, the successful implementation of change has to be ensured. To attain this, the EasyJet management team came to a consensus to improve its operations by improving its operational technology. The decision was faced with intense resistance from employees in various departments. This is in line with Carr, Hard, and Trahant’s (1996, p.137), study who asserts that firms experience resistance in the process of implementing the desired change. According to Shaw (2005, p. 146), employees are one of the major sources of resistance in an organization. However, a firm can succeed in its change process is by implementing the D. V. F > R formula, where D=dissatisfaction, V=vision, F=First step, and R=resistance. Dissatisfaction In its operation, EasyJet Airlines has a traditional travel reservation system. Most of the employees complained about the system is inefficient. The resultant effect is that the firm’s competitiveness was reduced. The firm also faced intense competition from firms that have integrated new technologies. This has hindered the firm’s effort to attain its profit maximization objective which is a great concern for the firm’s management team. To resolve this issue, the management team has come to a consensus to incorporate an on-line reservation system. Vision The decision to implement an online reservation system arose from a shared vision to position the firm effectively in the market. The firm’s employees at various levels are optimistic that the new system would result in several benefits. On my part, I understood that the new system would result in an increment in the firm’s profitability. This would translate into monetary compensation. Besides, the employees understood that the success of the firm would enhance their job security. First steps To implement the desired change, the firm’s management team has incorporated Amadeus and Galileo Global Distribution Systems which are online reservation technologies. These technologies will enable individuals to book EasyJet flights online. Through the new technologies, the firm will enable its travel agents to be efficient by offering a booking process that is efficiently integrated into the firm’s regular work process. Besides, new technologies will offer rich information regarding the firm’s daily operations. Resistance Despite the firm’s effort to implement the new technology, the employees were resistant to the change. This arose from the fact that a large number of employees are fearful regarding
Introduction Flash chromatography is a useful technique for faster purification of reactions products in synthetic organic chemistry common in pharmaceutical industry. It is used when the resolution required is low and the required capacity is high. “Packed columns, containing ca. 100g of irregularly shaped silica gel particles are eluted with organic solvents by gravity flow. To speed up the process, gas pressure (up to 100 psi) can be applied to the solvent reservoir (Heftmann 512).” This method was popularized as an alternative to the gravity- fed chromatography which is infamous for being slow and very inefficient, by Clark Still from Columbia University. Flash chromatography column Procedure Select a solvent system: The solvent system selected should be such that one solvent has a higher polarity than the other and the compound of interest have a TLC R F of approximately 0.15 to 0.20. It should be noted that, the polarity of the system and thus the elution rates are dependent on the solvents ratios. Hence, the rate of elution increases with rise in polarity. Determine the silica gel quantity: Silica gel quantity will be dependent on the sample amount and the compounds R F difference. For example, if you have k grams of a sample, then you will need approximately 30 to 100k grams of silica gel. It is important to note that, when more of silica gel is used, the time required for the chromatography will be longer. Hence, for faster separation, ratios of 30:1 or closer would be more effective. Packing the column: Use a glass column with a cotton wool plug above the stopcock. The cotton wool is important in preventing the silica gel’s escape through the stopcock. Then place a clean layer of sand above the plug till a flat surface is obtained whose diameter equals the column’s body, then pour the silica gel. Since silica is carcinogenic, the above operation should strictly be carried out in the hood. Solvating silica gel column: Ensure the silica gel has settled by gently tapping the column sides. Pour the elution solvent to the silica gel then, using a gas pump, force the solvent through the silica. You will notice that as the pump forces more of the solvent, the silica gel becomes more and more homogenous in appearance because the entrapped air is forced out. Therefore, the pump should run till all the silica gel becomes homogeneous. Apply the sample: Any solvent remaining on top of the silica should then be allowed to drain till it is flush with the silica’s top surface, which must be flat. Without disturbing silica’s top surface, the dissolved sample in the elution solvent is then gently applied and allowed to soak. Using very small amounts of the elution solvent, the sides of column is then rinsed and allowed to soak into silica gel before a layer of sand is added to the silica gel’s top surface as a
The money market is one of the fundamental elements in the functioning of any state. The fact is that all financial relations within a particular country are very important for the evolution of peoples paying capacity and the further rise of its economy. The money market provides an opportunity to engage in short-term borrowing, lending, buying, and selling activities with original maturities no more than one year (Mishkin 45). In such a way, money becomes a valuable commodity which stipulates the further evolution of the financial sector. The importance of the sphere is evidenced by the fact that its evolution is researched by numerous investigators to create particular forecasts and determine directions of capital flow (Kidwell et al. 16). Therefore, several factors impact the money market significantly. These are asymmetric information, technological change, and regulation. The first one could be determined as the situation when one party involved in a specific transaction or financial processes acquires greater material knowledge or crucial information than other (Mishkin 23). Under these conditions, this very party also creates a significant competitive advantage as it could act more efficiently regarding vital data it possesses (Kidwell et al. 123). Applying this concept to the money market, it is important to admit that growing asymmetrical information is a desirable outcome for actors engaged in financial relations. For instance, borrowers creditworthiness is one of the central aspects of the money market. All lenders experience a certain uncertainty regarding their clients and their ability to pay back (Kidwell et al. 127). In this regard, banks try to gather proprietary information about individuals to protect themselves and acquire a competitive advantage by reducing asymmetric information (Mishkin 65). Additionally, the majority of lenders introduce strict measures to avoid failures stipulated by greater material knowledge (OBrien 231). These obviously shape the money market and primary actors behavior. Technological change is the second force that impacts the given sphere significantly. The fact is that the last ten decades drastic alterations in the most important processes that shape the money market could be observed (OBrien 148). Moreover, these are preconditioned by the development of digital devices that nowadays should be considered extremely potent tools to perform financial operations or engage in specific economic relations. For instance, the internet banking is nowadays an extremely powerful application that provides users with an opportunity to engage in the majority of operations not leaving home. The security of all Internet transactions is guaranteed by a particular bank or lender which use specific protective systems. Under these conditions, the gradual rise of technologies and their implementation in the sphere of financial operations alter the money
Introduction Keeping of pets is very common in many families around the world. Different families keep pets for various reasons. According to Brayfield (73), many people do not understand the real benefits of some of the common pets that families keep. They only consider pets as companions that add some value to their families, but they cannot be able to identify these specific values. The research by Friedman (35) reveals that pets have massive benefits to children’s development. Different pets contribute differently to a child’s development. This means that some pets offer greater values than other, given the perspective that one takes during the analysis. It is necessary to note that some researchers have argued that pets pose dangers to people, especially to children. These researchers have mentioned bites, scratches, allergies, and animal-human disease transfer as some of the reasons why it is necessary for children to stay away from pets. Although this argument has truth in it, Palmiter (56) says that when the right hygiene is kept and regular medical check-ups for the pets and family members is maintained, the risk of disease transfer can easily be eliminated. This means that these negative effects can be regulated, making the benefits to outweigh the dangers of keeping pets for children. This research focuses on analyzing some of the benefits of keeping pets for children. Benefits of Keeping Pets for Children There has been an extensive research to determine some of the specific benefits of keeping pets for children. According to Brayfield (41), keeping of pets help in promoting physical exercise of children. In the current society where technology defines the social life of human beings, children have become addicted to indoor games played in computer. The computer games have eliminated the physical games like skiing, riding, jogging, and even football which are very important for the physical growth of children. Keeping a dog would make a child develop an interest to take it around the home for some physical exercise, just as they see their parents do. This makes them consider jogging as a game that also involves their favorite pets. Sometimes it may be necessary to have a close parental supervision if the child is below 12 years. This exercise will eliminate many health complications such as obesity, and enable these children to develop into healthy adolescents. Pets play an important role in the social development of children. According to Dann (78), pets are some of the best social facilitators for children. Some children are always very shy, because of the parental neglect, parental abuse, or genetically reasons. Such children would always feel inferior before their peers or other members of the family. Such chil
Introduction Navajo is an unwritten language of extreme complexity with its syntax, tonal qualities and dialects very complicated that makes it impossible for anyone without any formal training and exposure unable to make head or tail of what is being communicated. Navajo is only spoken in Southwest America and does not have any alphabet or symbols. Accordingly at the onset of the World War II, various approximations indicate that not more than 30 non-Navajos, none of them Japanese, could understand the language. (Meadows 26). Navajo talkers therefore, were those individuals, mostly the Native Americans, who were working for the US Marine in different capacities. They had undergone an intense training to enable them communicate effectively using the coded language. The language could not be understood by those perceived as enemies of the US during the Second World War, especially the Japanese who were known skilled code breakers. The coded language could be used to relay information that to strangers was ambiguous, but well understood by the concerned parties. Services Offered By the Navajo Code Talkers The Navajo Code system was used between the years 1942 to 1945 as a military requirement on security measures. The Talker’s primary job was to co-ordinate all the sectors and divisions of the War troop by relaying the required information tactfully on the location, movements, orders and any other vital battlefield information via telegraphs and radios in their unique native dialect that could not be understood by their opponents. The greatest advantage of the Navajo language was reported to be its speed; information that could take the then machines 30 minutes to un-code, a Navajo would do it in 20 seconds (William C. 30).The procedure to go about the Navajo language is as follows: Since Navajo has neither symbols nor alphabets, the nature of the language is just a series of unrelated Navajo words. Each of these words are then to be translated by the code breaker into its English equivalent and by using only the first letter of the English equivalent word to spell an English word.. For example; if we have “the (apple) it would be “be-la-sana”, “wol-la-chee” (ant), and “tse-nill” (axe) all stood for the letter “a.” Another way to say the word “Navy” in Navajo code would then be “tsah (needle) wol-la-chee (ant) ah-keh-di-glini (victor) tsah-ah-dzoh (yucca)” (Department of the Navy). Successes of the Navajo Code Talkers in Aiding US in World War II The statement “Marines would have never won the battle…” (Bixler 41) sets us off on this sub topic. It is a valid and a proven assumption that were it not for the Navajo coded language, the World Wars could have brought negative results to the US. After a series of attempt-which eventually bore fruits to unlock the codes in the language used by the US in the World War I, there was need for an unbrea
The current literature review dwells on the peculiarities of private equity and S&P 500, contrasts them and compares them in terms of their relation to the market and profit levels. This review provides relevant information on the current issue and helps understand the existing trends. Private equity (PE) is possibly the one benefit class to have practically regularly outclassed the S&P 500 during the last twenty years. A past performance like that is impossible to overlook. Therefore, private equity firms are currently a $40 billion-a-month trade that has become a giant, notable aim. The business encounters several trials from retirement funds and coverage businesses, which are amid the major stockholders or limited partners (LPs). Some limited partners are attempting to convey more profitable contract terms, resultant in lesser disbursements to the PE associates. A limited number of others are attempting to remove private equity firms from the business image completely and make turn-around funds themselves. One of the major problems upsetting the trade comprises the limited partners’ hard work to get the most out of the private equity under more promising negotiations, basically by eradicating PE companies like the retailer. Presently, private equity organisations, like companies in venture capital, regularly charge a couple of dissimilar payments. The foremost – a fixed fraction of the overall quantity under administration. The subsequent – a part of incomes made from a contract, succeeding a withdrawal (auction of a portfolio establishment by the private equity firm), assuming those incomes reach a convincing brink. Private Equity Funds In 2013, Fevurly researched the private equity market and drew several conclusions concerning the current standing of the trend and its future implications. The range of private equity and PE reserves is hypothetically very profitable (representing the probability for tremendously high revenues) but perilous (not for the weak companies) (Fevurly 2013). Private equity commonly purchases distraught private (non-visibly
Introduction One of the major questions still under debate in philosophical circles is the mind/body problem. This problem is also often referred to as dualism because of the way that it tends to divide human experience between what is experienced in the mind and what is experienced in the body. This question has only become more complicated in recent years as the new concept of ‘virtual reality’ became a visible possibility and as new science has continued to throw doubt on the possibility that such a division can occur. Essentially, the mind/body problem revolves around trying to determine what constitutes real experience. The mind can fool the body into thinking it is experiencing something, such as in the case of lost limbs or psychosomatic illness, but the body can also fool the mind into thinking it is experiencing something, such as in the case of false scents, misperceptions or vertigo. Researching the mind/body problem necessarily involves a discussion of the theories of Descartes as it was he who first proposed the division and began to define the proper realms of the mind versus that of the body. Main body Dualism is Descartes attempt to bring the discipline of mathematics with its basis on ‘real’ knowledge, information that just cannot be wrong, together with the concepts of thought. “He calls into question everything that he thinks he has learned through his senses but rests his whole system on the one truth that he cannot doubt, namely, the reality of his own mind and the radical difference between the mental and the physical aspects of the world” (Brians 1998). To do this, he applied four basic rules of logic to the process of discovery. The first rule was that he could only accept truths that were clearly and distinctly known to be true. The second rule was to reduce problems down to their most common elements and solving them at the micro level as a means of solving the macro. The third rule was to proceed in order from the easiest solution to the most difficult. The fourth and final rule was to be sure to take a broad view of each individual micro-problem in order to be sure nothing has been missed at the macro level. Through the application of this thought process to the process of thinking itself, Descartes developed his theory that mind and matter are not one and the same thing – dualism. Through the application of the logical questioning process, Descartes demonstrates how thought, not observation is really the right foundation for knowledge. “When I considered that the very same thoughts (presentations) which we experience when awake may also be experienced when we are asleep, while there is at that time not one of them true, I supposed that all the objects (presentations) that had ever entered into my mind when awake, had in them no more truth than the illusions of my dreams” (Descartes, 2001). His idea of discovering truths about the world was defined by whether he had a clear and distinct perception of them and that was sufficient for knowledge. However, the idea that knowledge can be defined by a “clear and distinct perception” is foiled by its own dependence on the senses. Assuming