ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic has remained one of the greatest problems facing people all over the world since it was detected three decades ago. It has been difficult to establish accurate data on HIV prevalence because a significant proportion of individuals infected with the virus have either not been diagnosed or have not cooperated with the various surveillance programs. The spread of HIV the United States of America has been on the rise especially among adolescents and young adults (Carrie, 2008). According to data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), on the prevalence of HIV in a few sampled states in 2003 were 994,000 people representing an increase of about 112,000 between 2003 and 2006. The bulk of this population is in Africa. The highest percentage of people living with the virus in Africa has been recorded to be in the sub-Saharan Africa (Kates & Carbaugh, 2006) Nationally, the CDC report reveals that the number of Americans who were undiagnosed decreased significantly from 25% in 2003 to 21% three years later. Although there has been a spirited fight against HIV infection in the Lynn, MA, statistics are showing that there is still an increase in the rate of infection at national level. According to Carrie (2008) a good number of those being infected are the adolescents. Please have someone read your paper to address the grammatical and structural errors. In Massachusetts, there has been an increase in HIV infection among adolescents and young adults between age 15 and 19 from about 7% in 2000 to 12% in 2009 (CDC, 2011). HIV has had a negative impact on the adolescent and young adults in the state of Massachusetts. In 2005, the same report shows that a total of 842 cases of HIV were newly diagnosed in MA indicating that about 2.3 people were diagnosed with the virus daily. In the city of Lynn, adolescents aged between 15 and 19 accounted 18.4% of people newly diagnosed with HIV infection between 2007 and 2009. Although the community has a number of health officers who have tried to sensitize the locals on the importance of being tested of the various, many people have are still shying away from the tests (Carrie, 2008). This research sets to look into the epidemiology of HIV, its prevalence and infection rate as well as the value added by public health nursing focusing o n the Lynn, MA and dthe world in general. This will include the provision of international, national, state and local statistics to show the magnitude of HIV. The author will also explain the concept of “Healthy People 2020” as well as a Web of Causality which will define non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors that contribute to the spread of HIV. The researcher will be providing a community assessment and analysis of the community of Lynn, MA which will identify specific demographic data and health resources that are relevant to the proble
Toyota Toyota is one of the biggest automobile companies in the world. The company is based in Japan, but it has operations in numerous countries across the globe. The company is ranked 11 th largest in the world in terms of revenue. Its headquarters is in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Toyota operates in the automotive industry. Its main products are cars. It also offers services related to vehicle maintenance. The company produces a wide range of vehicle models including SUVs, luxury cars, pickups, trucks, as well as sports cars, among others. Apart from the automotive activities, the company is also involved in some non-automotive activities. For instance, Toyota has some shares in the Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation. It also supports some philanthropy programs like the Toyota Literacy Program and the National Centre for Family Literacy. Toyota Motor Corporation started in 1937. Its founder was Kiichiro Toyoda. Toyoda had inherited a company that created automobiles from his father. It is important to note that Toyota is a company that has formed partnerships with other companies, like Hino Motors, Daihatsu, and Lexus, to form the Toyota Motor Corporation. Before the formation of this corporation, the company’s operations in the Toyota Industries had started back in 1933. The first product produced by the company was ‘Type A Engine’ in 1934 when the company was still operating in Toyota Industries. Later in the 1936, Toyota produced a passenger car for the first time. The car was called the Toyota AA (Liker & Meier, 2006). Toyota operates in an industry that is highly competitive. Its major competitors are the German automobile companies, such as Audi, BMW, Mercedes Benz, Volkswagen, and Porsche. It also faces competition from Ford, Chrysler, and Fiat, among other companies. Toyota has been able to survive the stiff competition due to its strategic business plan. It applies product differentiation and costing to muscle out its competitors. Significant management personnel in Toyota The management system that Toyota has adopted focuses on decision making in a prompt manner. The management focuses on developing a global strategy that helps the company get a competitive edge over its competitors, as well as improve its quality and quantity in production. To achieve this, the company has committees and councils that discuss and monitor management activities. This is meant to increase the level of transparency in the company and enhance the effectiveness of the management team. The management system in Toyota currently consists of Chief Officers as the highest personnel in the hierarchy. The Chief Officers are also the directors. In addition, the Chief Officers form a link between the senior managers and the operations managers. This enables the topmo
Introduction My group feels that homeless children are also children and just because something unfavourable has happened in their lives, does not mean that they should be deprived of all that a child deserves. We as a group believe that in as much as an ordinary child has the desire for so many things that foster his growth and development, a homeless child too ought to be cared for by society in a way that his desires are fulfilled so that he develops into a confident and matured adult. Such children will be the pillars of the future generation and hence it becomes a duty for each of us to contribute in making the lives of deprived children better. The homeless child too needs stability, a routine and balanced life so that he develops into a competent individual in becoming an asset for society. Homeless kids will be overjoyed when they hear of being taken on a holiday celebration which they otherwise could never have imagined. They too are ordinary children and this has happened to them by chance. They often experience emotional upheaval which often causes a lot of disruption in their life. My group concluded that such children do get help by way of child care homes and schools but taking them for a holiday will be something quite unique and a new experience for them. Main Text My group was motivated to arrange for some happiness and enjoyment for homeless children in keeping with our objective of serving humanity in our own little ways. In serving tourists who visit the country, my group gets immense joy and satisfaction and we continue to do so. We also thought of diversifying our activities so as to add more value to the services that we offer for the ultimate betterment of society. Homeless children too want to play, share and explore new worlds. In adding variety to their world there could be no better way than to celebrate a holiday with them. This would certainly nurture their minds thus leading to growth and development in helping them to learn through the several exciting activities that we would engage them in. We would be able to provide them with opportunities of educational play and stimulation which is required by all children to grow and learn. This, we believed would certainly break the cycle of homelessness that they would be carrying in one way or the other in their minds. We decided to arrange for a group of such children, a fun packed holiday that they would enjoy immensely and cherish all their life. My group decided that we would approach non-profit organizations and institutions that house homeless children and select a group of 50 children from five different institutions. In having 50 children to celebrate the holiday, my group will be well equipped to manage the small strength and also to enable the maximum enjoyment and learning experience for them. It was decided to take the children to the Marina Beach for a fun filled day that would engage them in playful and creative activities. The children would be made to take part in a number of competitions amongst e
The design of sampling depends on the design of the research I am going to conduct. As I see it, there are two research designs that can be deployed in the context of bike safety. To analyze the risk factors and whether helmets can be regarded as an adequate measure of bike safety, a case-control study would be appropriate. To assess and explore the issue theoretically, a systematic review would suffice. Generally, systematic reviews have the most theoretical value since they summarize the existing evidence and assess them critically. The approaches deployed when conducting a systematic review facilitate the reduction of possible publication bias and give strong evidence to this or that research issue (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). Some of the challenges that can be faced when conducting a systematic review are data retrieval, evaluating the quality of data, and choosing the most optimal method of analyzing it (DiCenso, Guyatt, & Ciliska, 2014). Despite these challenges, such a method appears relevant for our study. Indeed, there is a significant number of qualitative and quantitative studies on the issue of bike safety which calls for systemization and synthesis of the information to deeper explore the issue. Consequently, a systematic sample is needed to enlist the existing works on the subject of bike safety. On the other hand, a case-control study would contribute to the overall field of research and provide practical evidence for future analyses. In this case, stratified sampling would be needed. The population of adolescents and pre-adolescents registered with a bicycle-related injury would be divided by several strata. The strata would be based on the severity of the injuries, with helmet usage or non-usage taken as variables. In addition, the controls’ gender, age, and extra safety measures such as enhanced bicycle frames, smart lighting, louder horns, etc., can be regarded as variables as well. Other sampling designs that can be used in a case-control study are random sampling and matching. At that, random sampling would include selecting a certain number of cases from a larger population by assigning them numbers and using a lottery method to include them into study. Its main advantage is that it is the simplest existing sampling method. On the other hand, the one serious flaw in random sampling is that it overlooks the characteristics of each individual case. To effectively assess the direct consequences of the controls being exposed to some factors – risk factors, in this case – matching seems more appropriate. It helps the controls to be conformed according to the variables, thus homogenizing the sample. If the data is unmatched, it is likely that the research will end up with a plethora of minor strata wi
The essay is a reaction to an article titled “Improving Parent Involvement in Schools: A Cultural Perspective” written by Keane Theresa published in 2007. The article contends that parent involvement is of paramount significance to students’ success in academic just like teachers are. Additionally, the barrier to parent involvement and what can be done to curb them are also discussed in the article. Despite the significance attached to parent involvement, the article notes that although standards for students are on the rise, parent involvement is on the decline. Being able to point out the factors leading to the decline will help address the problem. When considering the link between parent involvement and achievement, the author notes that involvement means different things to different people. There are indeed benefits when all the factors deemed to be parent involvement are considered. It has been shown that parent involvement to issues relating to their children helps them achieve more. In situations where parents actively monitor the progress of their student, they will be able to know their areas of weakness and try to help them. Additionally, when parents are involved, they create a learning environment back at home. This has been seen when they help their children do homework and encourage a culture of learning. Similarly, parents do encourage their children by making them know they are unique and are capable of achieving academic excellence. In terms of social behavior, parent involvement help in shaping the manner of student and will try to avoid being in trouble. Lastly and more importantly, student whose parent are actively involved in their learning develop positive attitude hence have lower chances of dropping out of schools. All these help teachers to concentrate in imparting knowledge rather than doing what parent opt to have done back home. However, there are barriers that block or hinder parent involvement in the academic lives of their children. The author acknowledges the woks of other scholars such as Lazar & Slostad, 1999 who held that parent do care very much about the academic lives of their children. However, parents hold a negative perception about involvement since there are no frameworks in place that make teachers and parents to understand each others as well as network. Inadequate preparation of teachers to work with other adults or parent is the main challenge in parent involvement
Introduction It is worth noting that stereotypes are simplistic, schematized, and emotionally colored images of a social group or community. Labels can be applied to the majority of representatives of a particular group, and they emphasize the erroneous representations of people (Healey & Stepnick, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impressions of the activity conducted on the topic of diversity groups and reflect on the ideas gained in the discussion of convict stereotypes. Discussion Prior to taking part in the activity, I believed that the knowledge of socio-demographic characteristics of a person was of particular importance due to the fact that they had a potential to reveal the qualities of the individual to the fullest degree. For instance, I assumed that the possession of a degree indicated a certain level of education and the rich work experience displayed the attitude of a person to bearing responsibilities. Nevertheless, this stereotypical form of thinking was dispelled in the course of the exercise, and I was able to understand that socio-demographic criteria were only of secondary importance and the presence of certain characteristics did not reflect the personality of an individual. In particular, during the exercise, the topic of convicts was discussed, and the specific characteristics and stereotypes that were associated with this population group were addressed. Initially, I assumed that the existence of a criminal record gave the basis for the assumption that this person had specific negative qualities. However, this statement was also stereotypical and could not be used as a platform for building representations that could characterize all convicts (Jones, Dovidio, & Vietze, 2013). During the discussion, my role was to analyze the labels about prisoners while the other people needed to compile a list of characteristics and stereotypes that people usually have when thinking about convicts. It turned out that in the majority of cases, people have a lot of stereotypes linked to convicts, which are associated with almost all aspects of their life (Jones et al., 2013). For example, such factors as poor educational environment and availability of work, person’s hobbies, the weak bond with relatives, and insignificant aspirations for improving the individual’s well-being affect the evolvement of the criminal’s personality. Therefore, this discussion revealed that people tend to reason under the influence of certain stereotypes that they have developed in the course of their life and these stereotypes and characteristics that are attributed to convicts have an accusing character. It can be assumed that these accusatory stereotypes are formed as a stable system of reaction to environmental factors; however, the same pattern can be applied to the convicts themselves. One of the key stereotypes that were analyzed during the exercise was the assertion that a convict, when being e
Introduction The level of proficiency in effective communication skills is one of the key competencies of an outstanding leader and any person in general. Recognizing this statement to be true, I have repeatedly attempted throughout my life and professional career to develop the ability to communicate and build relationships. Thus, at the beginning of the course, I had only subjective, unsupported theoretical knowledge of effectively interacting with other people. The course and the list of business-oriented readings offered allowed me to structure my pre-existing knowledge and develop several key competencies for networking. More specifically, it should be clarified that my professional experience included working for the Ministry of HR, and therefore communicating with job seekers and clients, and executives — to inform them of corporate policy trends — was a daily task. It was a revelation that leadership is not an innate talent of the individual and has little to do with charisma, but instead can be regarded as a product of consistent and deliberate learning (Kotter, 2001). Consequently, to be an effective link in an organizational system linking such unrelated branches, personal leadership potential must be developed. Furthermore, one of the critical findings of the course is the concept of EI to perceive and process the inner motivations, feelings, and experiences of one’s colleagues for the sake of making positive connections. In this context, it is pertinent to recall Frei and Morriss (2020), who showed that all leadership is perceived through three paradigms: authenticity, logic, and empathy. Thus, in future professional practice, I should develop areas of self-identity, consistency, and emotional intelligence, realized through empathy, to gain greater credibility in the eyes of the people with whom I work. Power and Influence It used to seem obvious to me that effective business process management is built on the formation of a disciplining environment in which the leader has an unconditional influence on employees. The model of the hierarchy of power was recognized as the only true one compared to the modern trends toward equality and partnership of leaders and subordinates, which did not have sufficient empirical evidence. This is the paradigm for perceiving the effects of leadership that guided my professional development throughout my career before studying the theories and concepts offered in this course. Most of my experience has been reduced to using personal pressure and persuasion of opponents without regard to their interests or motivations, but in such a way as to prove a point and reshape a person’s perceptions. Although I have met people in my life whose arguments and style of persuasion seemed firmer, I used a policy of gentle pressure and mixed leadership with the rest. Two key readings allowed me to change my pattern of perception, which I believe will have more positive effects on future professional practice. More specifically, Goleman (2000) showed that among the six leadership styles delineated, choosing only one was not a strategically correct decision, but instead, I should combine and mix them.
The essay is a critical examination of good versus evil in The Song of Roland . This piece of literal work is one of the oldest arts from French literature. There are numerous versions which attest to how popular it was between 12 th and 14 th centauries. This poem has been seen to be a major example of chanson de geste , which celebrates the life of a hero. Additionally the story is based on the conflict and the warfare between the Christians and the Muslims in Spain. In order to experience good and evil, there must be heroes and villains. War is seen to be a great thing and even glamorous. However the cost associated with it is usually heavy especially for the heroes. On the other hand, the villains deserve no grief or compassion. Good is usually thought to be the will of God and in this case the Franks are deemed to represent good since they are moved by the will of God while the Saracens are seen to be evil. Due to this when they die there souls are taken to hell by the devil. For one to be evil can be as results of lack of knowledge making one to be deceived and to act against the will of God. In The Song of Roland, a proof that lack of knowledge leads to evil is summarized as follows “ o est une gent ki unches ben ne volt . [This is a sort of which has never seen goodness]” (Haidu par. 7). The Christians while fighting with the pagans were of the opinion that they were on the right while the later were in the wrong. To the French, the pagans are evil and criminal individuals who have rejected Christ from whom all those things deemed good come from. For that matter they are to be confronted translating to a war between individuals who were fighting for God and Satan (Dominik 21). Similarly evil is depicted in several occasions in the poem. For instance we are told of the evil planned of King Marsile who intends to convert into Christianity then become Charlemagne vassal. This is with a clear intention that once the later goes back to France Marsile will break the promise he made. Additionally, the plans Roland’s step father had when he was sent for a diplomatic mission was in itself an evil strategy to get rid of Roland who the formers saw to be a threat in terms of leadership. He thus planned wit
The development of social science and its methods constantly raises new questions about research ethics. This problem is particularly relevant in qualitative studies examining topics that profoundly affect the personal aspects of the studied cohort’s life, for instance, sexual behavior, religion, or health. When investigating such issues, the controversy of many methodological decisions is manifested. The discussion’s basis is the dilemma between the need for free research and the need to respect the rights of the study participants. Considering the application of ethics in research from the perspective of negative consequences that it can bring, the main argument will be the limitation of the researcher’s activity. The fact of observation and knowledge about it can change subjects’ behavior and affect the accuracy of results. However, ignoring ethical principles will have more harmful and long-term consequences. A researcher’s unprofessional behavior can damage the privacy of the studied groups, humiliate their dignity, and violate the right to privacy. Using the example of the Humphrey study, his mistake or pressure from government officials could lead to the disclosure of details of many people’s personal lives, families destroyed, and even arrests. In the long-term consequences, people may perceive ethics violations as disrespectful, leading to reluctance to work with scientists. A more significant number of studies that do not support ethics will ultimately undermine confidence in the entire field of sociology. Thus, although ethics may limit research to some extent, these restrictions are necessary. Ethical principles maintain respect and trust between researchers and study participants. Without trust and confidence in their safety, people will not participate in experiments, and those who have become participants without consent will oppose holding research in general. Moreover, ethical principles act as a guide to action in conflicting situations, and the choice in their favor will demonstrate the professionalism of scientists.