ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As Josh McDowell said in preface to book by David Noebel and Chuck Edwards (2002), “We are now living in not just a post-Christian culture, but an anti-Christian culture” (p. 2). This statement can be applied to the curriculum decisions in modern public school as well. “The educational system in the West has progressively replaced the biblical foundation with belief in evolution as ‘truth’. This system trains the leaders—teachers, judges, media operators, politicians, etc. These leaders then set the social agenda, which gradually becomes written into law” (Manthei, 1998, p. 26). Every person has its own worldview. It is formed through education, certain set of beliefs and attitudes to life. The purpose of Biblical worldview is to live in harmony with the world and society. The prime goal of education is to guide future adults and prepare them for life (Van Brumelen, 2002, p. 41). The application of Biblical worldview in education can help greatly in achieving this goal and create friendly and positive learning environment. Curriculum based on the Biblical worldview takes the seven virtues that should guide everyone’s life as its basics. Such a worldview not only creates a “comprehensive framework of basic convictions about life” (Van Brumelen, 2002, p. 58), it also helps building a “people-centered” curriculum. The aim of such curriculum is to explain students the purpose of human beings, how to fight against evil and work for restoration. It also aims at motivating students to support each other and not to lose hope in future, restore friendship, love and justice. It regulates the flow of curriculum in a way to promote cooperation and mutual aid among students, develop student’s responsibility, courage, patience, self-control and other values. Thus, a Biblical worldview influences on curriculum in a way to assist the achievement of school’s primary tasks: maximize human potential, develop necessary skills and nurture respect for others. One of the most important roles in developing curriculum belongs to teacher, “Teacher is one who controls curriculum in class” (Van Brumelen, 2002, p. 56). Many responsibilities lie on his/her shoulders. However, before planning a curriculum, teacher should evaluate himself/herself. Does he/she have necessary traits of character? What is he/she going to teach? How he/she is going to teach? According to Van Brumelen (2002), the teacher who is going to make a Biblically oriented curriculum should remember that everything has purpose and effect; one should practice sanctity of human life and not give preferences to any student and, at the same time, take every student as an individual because as Shelby Steel said, “whenever you give someone a preference, you discriminate against someone else”. To teach values and create friendly and supportive environment during the lesson is also one of the most important tasks of every teacher. A Biblical worldview has one more im
Introduction Globalization can be defined as a force or a process that connects more and more people across heretofore-impermeable economic and social boundaries. This means that people become connected across large distances with the assistance of information technology and human transport. This process can also be seen as the advancement of human co-operation across national boundaries, therefore making the world ”a global village”. ”Globalization” is a term that is often used to explain today’s world. Its terminology has gradually been accepted by the greater public and various scholarly personalities have integrated it as a vocabulary it into their field of research. Globalization has also increased the inclusiveness and the unification of economic systematization, global relations, and has led to a trend of doing business in different organizations (Suder, 2007). Proponents of big businesses look at globalization as a blueprint of a straightforward policy agenda that promotes economic growth, increased trade, and integration into the global economy. Therefore, from this perspective, globalization is viewed as unequivocally benevolent and corporations are seen to be leading the way towards spreading the benefits of globalization around the world. Globalization as a trend of doing business The American way of doing business has co-opted globalization into commercial Americanization of and by non-American firms. Post World War 2 saw many American companies expanding into foreign markets while also seeking some mystical formula for success in Japanese management techniques. Asian, European, African, and Latin American firms quietly and gradually learned, refined, and adopted the U.S. business models and practices the American way, while consumerism was still capturing Americans’ hearts and minds (Mott, 2004). American businesses have successfully penetrated world markets by largely relying on adding local flavor to a product that has proven successful in-home markets such as the McDonald’s model of globalization. To expand market penetration into commercial success, U.S. firms have uniformly presented instrumental reason and standardization to integrate those markets into a global economy. Those firms that have succeeded at going global have recognized that the American model is as deep as it is broad and as local as it is global. The successful firms have learned to adapt to local tastes, identify what appeals to or offends the local customers, and change cultural and political climates even while standardizing. The managers of these organizations are, therefore, periodically required to maintain a delicate balance between acting locally and thinking globally. This line of thought has led to companies in smaller countries such as Nestle in Switzerland and Heineken in the Netherlands, recognize that their domestic markets were too small to sustain much growth and therefore moved into the international arena, with controlling market costs and reducing labor costs being on their main agenda. The European Union (EU)
In a modern globalized world, preference is given to regulating international relations by means of treaties and conventions, developed and signed by global organizations and the community of nations. One of such documents is UNSR 1540 – the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, which was adopted on April 28, 2004. The major aim of the resolution is to support anti-terrorist efforts in the modern society. The purpose of the document is to require the signatory powers to promote the struggle against terrorism by adopting and enforcing relevant national legislation as well as appropriate measures restraining the proliferation of nuclear weapons that are used for terrorist purposes (United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, n.d.). Being a comprehensive document in the sphere of supporting and guaranteeing global peace, UNSCR 1540 is still characterized by prominent strengths and significant weaknesses. The resolution was designed and adopted after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and realizing that terrorism has become a real source of threat in the modern world. The main reason that motivated the United Nations to work on such a document was the information that terrorist organizations are interested in using nuclear weapons for mass destruction purposes. Therefore, a collective effort to suppress them was a critical measure for supporting global peace. Nevertheless, the process of implementing the document was lengthy and cumbersome. To begin with, nowadays, around 170 nations report on the status of adopting the resolution (Nuclear Threat Initiative, 2015). Even though it seems to be a success, in fact, the reports are ambiguous and not all of them reflect the readiness for implementing the document. Such ambivalence in perceiving the resolution is connected to one of its primary weaknesses – wording. In this case, it is essential to note that although all statements are clear, the resolution lacks the main success factor – the clarity of measures to be taken in order to adopt effective legislation and promote anti-terrorist efforts. As a result, the signatory powers lack understanding of the main provisions of the document or perceive it ambiguously. Except for the wording, there are other significant weaknesses of the resolution. For instance, it is declarative. It means that regardless of requiring all states to adopt appropriate legislation, no measures controlling this process are identified. More than that, it is designed in general and collective terms. This weakness is associated with ignoring local and regional specificities of the states (Scheinman & Bergenas, n.d.). It stands for developing general recommendations for all states without regard to their level of legal development, relations with neighboring states and the global community, resources for adopting necessary legislation, and the risks of terrorist activities in the region. Furthermore, it means that no additional assistance of the United Nations is prov
Introduction The Athenian democracy was the kind of democracy that was introduced into Athens in 500 BC and later spread to other Greek cities. Its three main pioneers were Ephialtes, Solon and Listeners and although it spread to other cities, it remained to be most powerful within Athens. Every form of democracy has unique features that distinguish it from the rest. A representative democracy is one that allows people to elect their leaders and by so doing, ensures that their interests are catered for by government. This paper is going to look at this Athenian democracy and how representative it was. Discussion The Athenian democracy was a direct rule form of political system with courts and citizens in the assembly making major political decisions. It eliminated many people from citizenship and therefore hindered their ability to make political contribution. It was therefore non representative to a great extent. This democracy was only representative in a very limited number of ways. Men of Athens origin were well represented by this form of democracy as they were allowed to participate in making important decisions. Citizens were considered to be men aged 18 years and above and whose both parents were citizens. An additional prerequisite for citizenship was the completion of military training. The men’s wealth did not affect their decision making capacity thereby making this form of democracy fair. However, for a man to be granted citizenship and consequently the power to vote they had to be scrutinized and factors such as inability to pay a debt would disqualify them. On the other hand, women were excluded from the list of citizens. There were fully excluded from all political activity and were only expected to take care of their households. The fortunate ones became nurses and midwives but none of them could participate in making decisions regarding communal matters. Other categories of people who were not eligible to citizenship were slaves, children and non Athenian Greeks (Coleman, 2000). There were three main bodies that governed the affairs of Athens and they were the assembly, the council and the courts all which were run by representatives of the people. Athenian democracy was representative to the few people considered to be citizens because they were regarded as equals and as a result would equally participate in the political arena. They were all granted the right to free speech and they would all present their speeches freely in the Assembly. This gave them the power to make decisions regarding communal matters that affected them in one way or the other. Many of those who had the citizenship had an opportunity to hold public office. Most political positions were filled by rotation therefore enabling majority of citizens to participate. Leaders could only hold their posts for a limited duration. This made it impossible for one regime to dominate over the people of Athens for a considerable duration. The procedures that were put in place when selecting people to take up office also helped in making the democracy represe
The role that evaluation plays in outcome measures with stakeholders Outcome measures are of great essentiality when it comes to research because they explain all impacts caused by individual actions. Evaluation on the other hand is a comparison of the strategic plans put in place, against the actual impacts of the research (Reeve and Peerbhoy, 2007, p.120). Evaluations serve several functions during research. For instance, they serve monitoring functions and evaluation of findings among others. However, one of the most important roles of evaluation is that of measuring the outcomes of a program or research. In this case, they serve to relate the outcomes of the research to the objectives, therefore, informing the stakeholders if the objectives have been obtained. This is because in every research conducted, there are stakeholders who may include the patients, medical practitioners, insurance companies, and other medical services institutions among others in the field of healthcare. In addition to this, evaluation of the outcome measures plays a great role in helping the stakeholders to make informed decisions about the quality of services offered by the healthcare facility with regard to the research being conducted. Finally, yet importantly, evaluation helps a great deal in the assessment and improvements of the outcome measures of a program. How questionnaires help in determining outcome measurement for breastfeeding education for patients in the hospital There are various methods used to measure the outcomes of research or program, which include interviews, questionnaires, and observation just to mention a few. One such method is the use of questionnaires that have data or information that leads to the desired outcomes (Duffy and Korniewicz, 2002, p.1). In the case where a researcher is conducting a breastfeeding education program for patients in the hospital, a questionnaire will come in handy as a tool for outcome measurement. As such, the questionnaires will have questions on the breastfeeding education program, which the patients will be expected to respond to. For instance, the questionnaire could require the patients who have undergone the breastfeeding program to give their views on the benefits they have gained from the breastfeeding experience. From the information given by the respondents of the questionnaires, the researcher is in a position to measure the outcomes of the entire program. Nevertheless, the questionnaire to be used in any outcome measurement is expected to be sufficient, reliable, clinically feasible, simple, sensitive, and easy to interpret in order to give the correct outcomes (Duffy and Korniewicz, 2002, p.1). Reference List Duffy, J, and Korniewicz, D. (2002). Outcome Measurement Using the ANA Safety and Quality Indicators. Web. Reeve, J, and Peerbhoy, D. (2007). Evaluating the evaluation: Understanding the utility
Introduction Health is a key aspect that influences an individual’s capacity to perform in various facets of operations. It defines an individual’s social, emotional, mental and spiritual stability that contributes to effective development. Indeed, sound health is achieved when one is said to be well and fit physically, mentally or emotionally. It is also achieved through the adoption of healthy practices such as eating of balanced diet and exercising that enhances an individual’s wellbeing. This report gives comprehensive information about health, wellness, and fitness. It focuses on the key factors that promote individuals’ wellbeing and the importance of health regarding sportspeople. Health and wellness As noted by Alcena (2007), health and wellness are interrelated aspects that define an individual’s physical, mental and psychological status. Living a healthy lifestyle means living a life that is not characterized by a lot of medical complications A healthy person is one whose production capacity is high and can manage his activities in an exemplary manner (Alcena, 2007). Consequently, wellness is the optimal health standard that covers the physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual capacity of an individual. An individual who is well lives a healthy lifestyle without any serious issue that may compromise his production capacity. Variably, fitness that remains a common word among various individuals especially in the current world is the improved physiological state that enables individuals to advance their health status. Physical fitness is a critical aspect that individuals for example sportsmen who want to be well and operate under absolute health conditions should ensure. This is because it enhances body cardiorespiratory capacity, flexibility and muscle capacity. To avert the evident complications individuals must make good lifestyle choices (Jorum, 2010). They should also understand and adopt key elements or incentives that contribute to good health. These factors include proper nutrition, chiropractic care, enzyme balance, physical conditioning, revitalizing sleep and having a positive attitude. Self-planning for a healthy lifestyle Effective planning for a healthy lifestyle requires immense determination and dedication by the planner. This is essential in ensuring that the plans are relevant, favorable and are capable of guaranteeing individuals wellbeing (Navratilova, 2006). That is individuals should make good lifestyle choices that hold the capacity of minimizing the risk of attracting any chronic complication or disease such as diabetes or cancer. They should follow a health planning system that requires one to be physically active, quit smoking, control blood sugar. The planning s
Introduction Northway Lodge Limited is a family business established to provide logging services. After producing remarkable financial results, the company diversified its operations to include construction services, plane services, and lodges. However, depleted wood stands affected negatively on logging business and the proprietors had to respond. Harry Johnson, who was the president at the time, responded to this development by starting camps where people would fish and hunt. This development forced the management to convert three logging camps into lodges. The business experienced numerous operation problems due to a lack of an organizational structure. An organizational structure explains the mode of recognizing individuals, style of leadership and decision-making process. Everybody in the business reported to Jim who had increased his responsibilities in the management of the business. A business structure ensures effective administration activities in a company. Indeed, there is no organizational structure in Northway Lodges Limited. Organizational structure An organization refers to persons who make up a body for administering something through the division of labor. People possess limited abilities, thus the importance of organization in meeting various needs. Advantages of applying an effective organizational structure include clearly defined roles, cohesion and increased productivity. At Northway Lodges, the situation is different because a single individual handles most responsibilities. There are no clearly defined roles and responsibilities for workers. Using cabin girls as waiters clearly evidenced this argument about the organizational structure applied in the company. This happened because the structure at Northway Lodges lacks a clear definition of roles for various employees. Katz and Kahn developed key concepts relating to open systems theory. This theory entails strong input into businesses, development of input, strong output, and recycling. Three features that define an organization are a division of labor, clearly defined rules, and a decision-making structure. Northway Lodges Limited applies a top to bottom structure in its operations. This structure involves making key decisions at the top-level and extending the task of implementing decisions made to the junior staff. Jim was responsible for hiring, firing, maintenance, guiding, payroll and all the other financial responsibilities. Any decision made by the President was final and no one could contest. Jim delegated responsibilities to some individuals in all of the three lodges, but they lacked independence in making decisions regarding the lodges. This structure bases on believing
Introduction Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) compete globally today, mainly because globalization has provided them with the opportunity to compete internationally. However, as much as globalization has brought in such opportunities, SMEs are nevertheless exposed to competition, and challenges that relate to operations and administration. This usually comes in terms of ever-multiplying need by customers and suppliers alike, and that which comes because of pressure in foreign markets. Operationally, for example, SMEs experience a motivation to reduce cost and expansion of opportunities for returns (Gross, 2009). Risks to consider when implementing EPR in SMEs Regardless, SMEs have adopted several methodologies including Excel Spreadsheets and incompatible software applications. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) comes in to solve some of the challenges that the SMEs experience. ERP, as an application, is normally used to configure/integrate a business entity ‘processes and systems’ electronically and thereby promote an increased level of efficiency (Gross, 2009). However, there are risks that an organization must contend with and factor in when choosing an EPR operation so that the associated risks are avoided or at least minimized (Remenyi, 2007). The risks to consider are many, one being that the requirement in executing a scheme with ERP usually needs a lot more time than simply putting in place a software programme package. This usually entails the process of a business restructuring which is seen to be a prelude to the success of ERP endeavours. Again, such is usually evaluated based on how useful the solution is. Further, this measurement is usually taken against the increased levels of the transparency of the whole system (Gross, 2009) The other risk is on the enhanced clearness and transparency, especially if some departments do need to conceal the level of transparency. Since the importance in terms of applicability of ERP is usually appraised in terms of its usefulness in promoting transparency, it is risk factor stuff. ERP makes it possible for variou