ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Huawei The Cause of Emergence and Rise of the Firm As indicated, the transformations in the ICT sector and the liberalization of the market have led to the emergence of the private companies in the ICT sector including Huawei (Richter, 2000). Factors such as the Chinese large market for telecommunication equipment, strategic positioning and investments in research and development explain the reasons for the success of the company (Cheung, 2001). Being one of the pioneer companies in the telecommunication equipment manufacturing, Huawei quickly emerged as the largest company in the sector capturing both the Chinese and the Asian market. In addition, critical strategic decisions including the development of own technologies and increased competitive advantage also contributed to the company’s growth and development (Segal, 2003). The main objectives of strategic decisions were to increase the share of Chinese market, expand internationally and increase competitive advantage over the foreign-based companies. The Problems Facing Huawei During the initial stages of establishment, the firm had problems of raising funds for development and expansion since it could not access government subsidies. In addition, existing stiff competition from established companies both domestic and foreign-based slowed the company’s growth in terms of market share. Both domestic and international markets are becoming highly competitive with emerging firms claiming some share of the market (Lu, 2000). Besides, the ever-changing technological advancement poses a greater challenge to the company. New products are being developed constantly requiring the company to invest heavy in the research and development to maintain its competitiveness in the market. Global Competitiveness of the Firm The main objective of the company is to increase its market share both domestically and internationally. In other words, the objectives enabled the development of strategies that enhanced international expansion of the firm. Moreover, the international expansion strategies combined with innovative products have facilitated the firm to capture sizable global opportunities within the telecommunication industry. Further, the capabilities in terms of products development and finance as well as market share have increased the company’s global competitiveness. In fact, Huawei is the Chinese company that is capable of competing with other global firms in the international ICT market. Currently, the company has established subsidiaries in European, North and South American markets. Moreover, the company is currently one of the major global telecommunication equipment providers and continues to expand globally amid increased competition (Wang & Zhang, 1995). The Chinese Industrial Policy Drawn from the Analysis The Chinese government policy on the ICT sector that encouraged the alterations from controlled to market liberalization has led to the rise of privately owned firms such as Huawei in the first phase category within the ICT ecosystem. In addition, reforms by the government in the telecommunications industry that encouraged development and growth of ICT sector led t
Introduction The assumption of Descartes that the mind is separate from the brain is indeed a very intriguing concept since to this day the origin of thought, which the mind consists of, has yet to be accurately pinpointed by science (Gamst, 2011). As scientists such as Tsien (2007) point out there have yet to be accurate studies which pinpoint exactly how thoughts manifest within the brain (Tsien, 2007). While it may be true that it is now possible to know which area corresponds to which bodily function or which particular area is responsible for adaptation, pleasure or even general sensations it is still vague as to how neural firings come together to produce a thought (Fox, 2006). For example, an individual can think of either a single word such as “appetite” or think of doing a particular action such as “going for a drive” yet such simplistic thoughts cannot be identified as originating from a particular location. In this particular instance philosophers turn towards the universal law of “something cannot originate from nothing”, taking this into consideration thoughts must then originate from somewhere. It is assumed that the firings of neurons within the brain are responsible for the concept of thought yet when examining the origin of neurons themselves it is strange to think that the concept of complex thought and behaviors originates from electrical synapses which don’t produce thoughts of their own (Koch, 2011). It is based on this that various individuals do in fact agree with the assumption of Descartes that the mind must exist somewhere outside of the body and that it influences the actions of the body through some here-to-unknown method of control (Pinker, 2007). On the other hand it has been stated by various psychological studies that such an assumption should not be considered 100% accurate. For example, Bensley (2003) states that “if the mind is separate from the brain then why is it that substances which affect or inebriate the brain causes changes in thought patterns which come from the mind?” (Bensley, 2003). This particular viewpoint is expressed by studies such as those by Astin(2004) which examine the preponderance of drug usage among many artists, musicians, and even scientists to which they attribute a great deal of their moments of sudden clarity and imagination from which they derive their greatest work (Astin, 2004). If the mind were truly separate from the brain then the concept of thought creation should remain constant instead of experiencing sudden shifts through artificial external influences. Process of Thought Creation It is still relatively unknown how thoughts are created yet what is known at the present is the way in which various substances can affect thought processes and how certain mental states can be achieved through the cornucopia of present day drugs or sudden accidents. For example, many people in the U.S. suffer from depression yet are able to
Introduction As one of the most discussed and admired writers of the past century, Sylvia Plath still plays an essential role in the field of literature. Even though her life lasted for only thirty years, this woman managed to transform the perception of the genre of confessional poetry in the entire world. Moreover, Plath is known for her intention to demonstrate the struggles experienced by women in the middle of the twentieth century. The writer’s life experience significantly correlates with her literary works, including poems “Daddy” and the novel The Bell Jar . Her personal development was considerably impacted by the death of her father and abusive relationships with an English poet Ted Hughes. As a result, after several attempts of suicide, Plath committed suicide in 1963. Published one month before the death of the writer, The Bell Jar is the novel that depicts the main struggles experienced by Plath during her lifetime by highlighting the impact of societal norms and stereotypes. Early Years of Life Born in 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts, Plath was a daughter of a German immigrant professor and his student. Since her early childhood, Sylvia was interested in literature. The young girl’s parents noticed Plath’s interest in writing when the child started out by keeping a journal (Chiasson). Later, this hobby turned into the desire of writing and publishing literary works. Therefore, the combination of talent and hard work has helped the girl receive a scholarship to Smith College in 1950 (Churchwell). On the one hand, the opportunit
The desire to make things work faster, simpler and easier originates from the world we find ourselves in. Things are modeled to move much faster and in the process we try to imitate others with the desire to do things better or similar to what they have spent a lot of time perfectly put together. With the advent of information age brought about by internet, retrieval of information has become very fast and simple. The question that we should answer appropriately is that is it not the right time we re-think about the quality and the originality of our written works or are we less intelligent and lazier than those who have taken their time to do things right and original. May be it is because we care less and we do not appreciate the role of originality and how much value our works would add to the fields under which we study. Students often find themselves plagiarizing a whole class assignment while they remain aware of the consequences of such academic thefts. The whole sad truth is that plagiarism is committed every minute and second not only by students but adults alike. The central question therefore is that why do people commit plagiarism. Can we positively address this question in the context of human behavior and feelings? It is within our knowledge the role played by internet in our lives. The role of technological advances is to make work easier and simplify our lifestyle. It is rather sad that in some instances, the reverse occurs and others bear the negative gains of technological advances. We need time to have a deeper insight on the merits of the internet. We must create a balance between following the simpler and easier path of copy and paste and coming up with an original work. Internet has made plagiarism so easy and so simple. In our attempt to remain in fashion and keep up with the times, we abuse the technological advances and commit academic thefts. Irresponsibility and laziness have caught up with us at disproportionate levels. The right processes of undertaking our assignments seem long and tedious. Researching, reviewing, criticizing, collecting and questioning have become very boring and unnecessary processes. A major inherited trait and human behavior that has made plagiarism thrive in all our academic aspects is laziness. We do not have time to follow procedures and copy paste our work with the belief that we can make them look better within the shortest time possible. More profound during school years, laziness contributes significantly to plagiarism. The growth patterns of humans from teenage to young adulthood are often characterized by higher degrees of laziness and the desire to let things work on their own accord. This explains the reason why plagiarism is mostly committed during our undergraduate years of study. Another reason for this is that the most common form of punishment in this period of study is always warning as opposed to prosecution in adults. A lazy student would rather escape with a warning than fail to completely submit an assignment in time. Our feelings that relate directly to
Prejudice is an unfounded or inaccurate usually negative attitude towards an individual due to the individual’s membership in a certain social grouping e.g. gender, race, tribe, religion and sexual affiliation. It is a type of bias that devalues people based on their social grouping. The origins, causes and nature of prejudice have long been a subject of controversy. Various social psychology theories have been advanced on the subject, each citing a different cause of prejudice, ranging from individual differences to innate cognitive processes. Hence, the controversial question; is prejudice inevitable or is it an unavoidable occurrence? This essay seeks to evaluate this statement on the stance that prejudice is indeed an inevitable part of human coexistence. It outlines various theories that suggest the inevitability of prejudice. There are various psychological, theories that suggest that prejudice is almost impossible to remove. Among these theories is the scapegoat theory, advanced by the renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud. The theory implicitly suggests that prejudice is inevitable because prejudice is an emotive and cognitive function. It is an attitude, which informs experience and an understanding of the environment in which we inhabit (Asendorpf, Banse, & Mucke, 2002). D. An attitude is also instrumental and utilitarian. As such it becomes associated with punishments and rewards; if one shares an attitude towards a certain group of people with others; they reward you with approval or tangible rewards. People are, therefore, motivated to adopt the prejudices of their primary groups. Attitudes are also a source of self-expression and a step towards the innate quest for self-actualization. Attitudes are essential in the formation of values which in turn influence integrity and self-belief (Asendorpf, Banse & Mucke, 2002). Attitudes also protect our egos from the effects of criticisms either from others or within ourselves, an occurrence known as ego-defence. Holding a prejudice against a certain grouping gives the holder a sense of superiority over the group, therefore, protecting and feeding the ego, regardless of whether the attitude has a rational root or not. The maintenance of this defence mechanism gives rise to scape-goating. Freud argues that scapegoating occurs when a person is unable to express their aggression and anger towards the real cause of disappointment, and, therefore, they seek to displace these feelings by directing them towards someone else. Freud also supported the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which states that frustration causes aggression, which in turn causes frustration. T
Introduction Most countries differentiate themselves from others by the unique culture they possess. By definition, culture is the shared characteristics of a group and it provides a common identity for the group members. Two countries that have groups of people with different cultures are Canada and Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, the Arab inhabitants of the country have a unique and rich culture. In Canada, the First Nation tribe of the Mi’kmaq has a distinctive culture. This paper will set out to compare the culture of the Arab Saudis with that of the Canadian Mi’kmaq. It will highlight the differences and similarities between the two in order to promote a better understanding of these cultures. Historical Overview of the Mi’kmaq and the Saudis Saudi Arabia is a Middle East Arab country that was founded in 1932. Arab nomad tribes occupied the region before the formation of modern Saudi Arabia. During the era of the nomadic tribes, there were limited urban trading settlements where commercial activities took place. Up to the late 1930s, Saudi Arabia relied on money from Muslim pilgrims and agricultural activities for its economy. The economic prospects of the kingdom changed dramatically following the discovery of huge oil deposits in 1938. Because of the wealth created by the oil sales, the kingdom was able to develop into a regional leader with modern amenities available to all Saudis. However, in spite of the wealth and modernity of Saudi Arabia, the country is highly conservative. Many Saudis hold on to some of the cultural values and traditions of the past. The Mi’kmaq are among the native inhabitants of Canada. Archaeological discoveries indicate that these people have lived in Canada’s Maritimes provinces for over three thousand years (Hornborg, 2013). The first documented meeting between the Mi’kmaq and the European settlers occurred in the sixteenth century. The Mi’kmaq
There are those who will disagree to the assertion that one man can change history. It is always a team effort. On the other hand it is unfair not to give recognition to whom it is due. In this case, John Deere, inventor and pioneer deserves credit for helping transform the way Americans look at the plow and the field. With his invention John Deere revolutionized the way Americans till the soil as a result this technological breakthrough allowed farmers to make more money. Collectively, citizens of the United States, as well as the companies that profited from bumper harvests, went on to build the richest nation on earth. Background John Deere was born on 7 February 1804 in Rutland, Vermont; he was of English descent, his parents stayed in the new colonies after the revolutionary war (Leffingwell, 2006). When he was a freshman at Middlebury College, he lost interest in his studies and decided to become an apprentice to a blacksmith (Leffingwell, 2006). During that time blacksmiths were not only makers of shoe horses and repairmen of various metal works, they also serve as local community inventors and fabricators (Leffingwell, 2006). Thus, the young John Deere was in the right place at the right time, learning the skills that will give him and his family fame and fortune. When Vermont’s economy faltered, Deere decided to immigrate to the Midwest and settled in Detour, Illinois. Barely two days later, he already established his own forge and was ready to do business (MIT, 1997). It did not take long before he realized that Illinois farmers had a special problem back then. The quality of the soil is good for planting but extremely difficult to prepare before the planting season. The soil will stick to their farm implements and it would be a laborious process to plow and clean – stopping every few minutes to remove the accumulated soil. John Deere was quick to understand that cast-iron plows form the East are no match for the thicker and tackier soil of the Midwest (MIT, 1997). John Deere began to experiment with a revolutionary devise. Instead of using the traditional design wherein cast-iron plowshares are supposed to cut through the soil like a wedge instrument, Deere used a broken sawmill blade as the main component of a cutting-edge technology in U.S. farming – a self-polishing cast steel plow (MIT, 1997). The new design will clean the plowshare as the farmer goes along with his work. There is no need to stop every now and then to clean it and thus, a more efficient and productive farming tool was created. The creation of the self-polishing plowshare was merely the beginning for John Deere. He began to create new inventions and he would look at new ways to improve old technology. He used steam power to polish molded steel that he is using in his new designs (Leffingwell, 2006). He began to
The American society’s treatment of Native Indians has been under sharp criticism from the American Indians and other minority groups for a long time. According to Spindel (25), a group of Americans perceives the American Indians’ culture as warlike and marked by traditional events such as dancing. However, others perceive the Natives as domicile and peace loving with a knack for been domineered. This paper categorically depicts the manner in which the American culture uses Indian mascots to enhance the image of colonialism starkly imprinted on Indian American minds. They see them as derogatory, and demeaning to them, their culture, and tradition. The Indians perceive the widespread mascot usage and its general representation as a reminder of the oppression that had been visited upon them and a continuation of an attack on their ideologies and beliefs. Many organizations that use the American Indian mascot defend this by claiming that they do not want to depict a negative stereotype. However, they claim to emblem the universality and team spirit demonstrated by the Indians across generations. The media uses this to generate heated debates that make organizations to continue using these mascots to ride on the inherent euphoria. There have been concerted attempts by the American Indian society in the United States to curtail usage of the mascots. For example, most Americans are made to believe that use of the mascots depicts an American society free of racial prejudices. However, scholars of the Indian history and representatives of the Indian culture oppose this strongly. They depict it as dehumanizing and strongly skewed to project a culture marred in retrogressive ideals. Popularity of the usage of Indian mascots in the 20 th century was widespread. Though some organizations have stopped using them, some still hung on to their mascots and do not show any signs that they will stop. Additionally, widespread usage of perceivably derogative words such as ‘redskins’ still exists in many American places. A case study of Cleveland Baseball Franchise shows the depth of this discussion. The team uses a popular Native American chief’s image as a mascot. This was a highly respected figure in Native American’s history. Though the team claims to honor Louis Sockalexis, the native Indians incessant
Effective teaching of reading is an important aspect as reading does not come as naturally as speaking. Children do not learn how to read just by being exposed to reading materials, but rather, for them to learn this important skill, they ought to be taught explicitly and systematically. To start with, it is important to establish the main aim of teaching reading as there are several reasons why a learner can read. For instance, one can read in order to develop his/her knowledge of the language of instruction or for fun. An individual may also read for the purpose of gathering information or for confirming the authenticity of the knowledge at hand or even to critically assess someone’s thoughts or style of writing. Establishing the intention of reading affects the most effective method of comprehension reading. For instance, in case a person is reading a particular poem for the purpose of gratification, he/she is only required to make out the words used by the poet and the manner in which they are presented and has no need to classify the subject of the poem. On the other hand, in case an individual uses a scientific article with the aim of supporting a certain outlook, one requires to have been exposed to the terminologies being used. He/she should also comprehend the specific information as well as the cause-effect cycle of the information presented. This encompasses the main objective of teaching reading to learners in our learning institutions. In the past, my main failure in teaching reading was mainly attributed to my presumption of the aim of learning how to read in a language, which I viewed as merely to get the content written in a given lingo. During that time, I mainly restricted teaching reading to literary texts that indicated a deep affiliation to culture. However, this approach was wrong because it presupposed that students learn to read in a particular language only through learning its terminologies, words and sentence structures, but not by actually reading it, which ignores the aspect of communicative competence. However, as a result of learning the importance of communicative approach and applying it in the teaching of reading, I have had a better perception of the role of reading as well as the types of texts to be applied in teaching reading in any given language, as a result of which I have succeeded in this endeavor. When a teacher’s main objective of teaching reading encompasses communicative competence, diverse reading materials such as newspapers, comprehension text books as well as internet should be used. This is because exposing the learners to diverse reading materials develops their communicative competence tremendously. For this reason, we cannot separate instruction in reading from reading practice at any one time. As an instructor of reading skills, I plan to la