ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The research questions for this article include, first, who is responsible to initiate specific communication strategies in an organization? Second, what are the strategies for enhancing good communication? The third and final is, what are the consequences of poor communication? This article is aimed at answering these questions and providing a solution to managers when handling communication problems at the workplace. It gives the benefits of effective communication strategies to the organization and these include maintaining potential clients, enhancing customer services, improving telemarketing and enhancing direct networking. The data The writer of this article seems to have collected a lot of facts from companies. He first focused on the companies that were not performing well in terms of communication (Gregory, 2011). This was to establish the reasons behind this and the consequences it has on the organization. He then considered the companies that were performing well in terms of communication. The main concern was to know what was happening in this organization that was missing in the former. With this data, he would be able to develop an argument on the best methods used to enhance business communication. He was also able to know what results from poor communication strategies and the steps that can be taken to solve these issues. Being continuous data, he was just expected to draw conclusions from the two scenarios. According to Gregory (2011), this does not involve a lot of numerical analysis and so it was not very tiring for the writer to come up with his conclusions. This was the most appropriate data as it provided ground for conclusions to be drawn from the two contrasting scenarios. The methods of data collection used were one on one interviews, observation and questionnaires. This form of data was effective in the sense that all required data was fully addressed. This owes to the fact that the author was able to collect the data directly from the company. He also did not have to rely on secondary sources that seem outdated most of the time. The information obtained was up to date, and since it was data collected firsthand, it was not adulated. This enhances its reliability and fits for fixing conclusions. Where the direct questions and questionnaires seemed to be misleading, observation was used instead and this gave the author the confidence of presenting his findings as true and reliable. Strengths and Weaknesses The main strength of this data is reliability. The author was able to see for himself what goes on in the organizations he visited. This, however, has a weakness whereby, there is a possibility that the organizations modeled the scenarios to appease the author (Kotelnikov, 2010). This is a valid suspicion owing to
One of the reasons why, when exposed to the contemporary media-products, people are able to gain a number of qualitative insights into the surrounding socio-cultural reality, is that there is a strongly defined societal sounding to many of these products. In its turn, this is being largely accomplished by the mean of the media-products in question helping viewers to recognize the discursive subtleties of how the members of a particular family interact. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-suggestion at length, in regards to the famous animated sitcom The Simpsons , which can be well defined as an epitome of what accounts for the actual characteristics of a family living in America. The themes and motifs, explored in this animated sitcom, largely reflect the fact that the family of Simpsons unmistakably fits the description of a ‘traditional’ one. That is, the characters of Homer and Marge, which formed the family’s nucleus initially, do adhere to the discursive conventions of a ‘traditional family’, in which husbands play the role of hunter-gatherers, while women are being assigned with the duty to raise children and to take care of the household. In its turn, such a state of affairs appears to have been predetermined by the fact that both spouses are unmistakably heterosexual, which in turn implies that they are emotionally comfortable with their family-functions having been ‘hierchized’ to an extent. As Heath noted, “The interaction of gender and heterosexuality is important to position men and women hierarchically as part of a social order that rewards heterosexual (and mostly white, middle-class) men as husbands” (2010: 199). This also explains why, throughout the course of the sitcom’s episodes, Homer is being portrayed as an individual who strives hard to legitimize his authority of the ‘head of the household’ in the eyes of his wife and children (Bart, Lisa and Maggie). Partially, this also explains why; even though Homer and Marge are shown as individuals who tend to argue with each other a continuous basis, they nevertheless do not give it any serious thought filing for a divorce. The reason for this is quite apparent – the very fact that there is a strongly defined ‘gender differentiation’ between Homer and Marge (in respect to how they address life-challenges), causes both spouses to remain emotionally dependent on each other, which in turn lessens the acuteness of the divorce-related anxieties, on their part. This, of course, can be seen as an implicit indication that it is specifically when both married spouses remain emotionally comfortable with their socially prescribed roles within the family, which ensure this family’s longevity, more than anything else does. Psychologically speaking, in order to attain happiness, after having entered into the marital relationship, husbands may never cease positioning themselves as masculine men, and wives may never cease positioning themselves as feminine women. In plain words, the element of a strongl
Introduction Bullying is a form of scurrilous treatment which mainly entails emotional, physical or verbal harassment directed towards people of certain levels, gender, race and religion just to mention but a few. It mainly occurs when there is imbalance in power such that those deemed to be on the lower physical or social levels are bullied by those in the higher levels of power and social status. Bullying can occur in many contexts especially where human beings interact with each other such as in the work places, learning institutions, family, churches among others. When bullying occurs, it causes oppression to the affected parties thus affecting their social life and studies in the case of students (Loseke, 37). Childhood bullying on the other hand is the repetitive, harmful acts carried by one or a group of children against other children. Bullying takes various forms like being restrained and emotional for instance spreading gossips, influencing friendships or excluding other children; verbal like being intimidated and threatened or humiliating; or physical such as hitting, crashing against a hard surface, leaving some children out of activities kicking, punching ,taunting and most recently cyber-bullying. Inherent in this characterization is a disparity in real or supposed authority involving the bully and victim (Reid, 150). The dominance of bullying and its consequent harm is taken too slightly by both children and their parents or adults in general despite the fact that there is a huge connection between bullying and other aggressive behaviors (Reid, 150). Bullying entails harassment by influential children against children having not as much of power which is different from a conflict arising between peers of fairly equivalent status and thus intervention methods should be specific. This paper is therefore an exploration of the issue of childhood bullying by looking at the effect of social structures and institutions on childhood bullying. Past and present research with regard to childhood bullying will also be discussed. Past and current research on childhood bullying An earlier study on the impact of childhood bullying and young adult self esteem ad loneliness showed that victims of bullies tend to be shy and lonely especially in their youth. It also showed that bullies tend to have a low self esteem as their main way of making friends and gaining popularity is through violence (Tritt & Duncan, 3). Both children who bullied and their victims are more probable to be engaged in violence or violent behaviors in their youth than those who did not. However this is more common to those who bullied others (Reid, 152). For instance among boys who admitted to bullying others 43.1 percent carried a weapon to school compared to 36.4 percent of those who had been bullied. 38.7 percent of the bullies wee engrossed in numerous fighting compared to 22.6 percent bully victims (Tritt & Duncan, 3). A study carried ou
Deloitte advertisement strategy Deloitte is a large multinational auditing firm that has subsidiary branches from many countries across the world. This firm has been very keen to attract talents to its pool of employees. As Fifield (2007) states there is a sea of manpower in every country, but out of the sea, very few have the capacity to do various duties as per the specifications. It is therefore not easy to determine which groups of employees are able to meet the task at hand. At times the firm visits local universities to scout for talents. Using the university professional forums, this company would always visit such institutions and talk to students about the experience of working with Deloitte. This has been advantageous because it has been able to grab desirable candidates from the schools before they reach the job market. This makes it possible for the firm to attract the best workforce before other firms can reach them (Ward, 1999). Candidates are required to fill the application forms online. In the application form, candidates wo
Introduction The following essay is concerned with an evaluation of cultures and behaviors with respect to ethnic background and conflicts in Brazil. With this regard, the essay examines the ethnic inequality, ethnic stratification, tools of dominance, patterns of ethnic relations and also explains measures towards building a new society.Also; the essay explains the similarities as well as differences of ethnic backgrounds and conflicts in Brazil and United States.However, it is important to first determine what ethnic background and conflicts entails. Ethnicity entails the act through which a group of people in the society are rejected and thus not given much attention with regards to the society’s on-goings as a result of their cultural backgrounds. The culture of Brazil is composed of both the whites as well as the blacks from Europe and Africa respectively. Ethnicity in Brazil is associated with violence and this in turn has the effect of causing the economic as well as social prgrammes to collapse. Many people in Brazil are excluded in the society and thus denied the chance to participate fully economically, socially and politically as a result of their culture or otherwise due to their racial characteristics. There has been no other nation in the larger South American continent that has cultural as well as ethnic migrations than Brazil. Brazil is thus a unique country in that it has accommodated both the whites as well as the blacks from various cultural backgrounds who continue to live together. The statistical figures in Brazil indicates that the whites forms the majority of the population with more than 50 %.The blacks as well as the Indians and Asians represents a small proportion of the population (Bailey,2009,P.6-10). Dimensions of ethnic inequality in Brazil There is high income inequality in Brazil and this makes it to be one of the countries in the world that has a high gap between the poor and the rich. The high income inequality is as a result of the racial discrimination i.e. One is being provided with an opportunity to serve based with his or her skin color. Ethnic inequality in Brazil usually exists in two dimensions.Firstly; the inequality is evident as a result of the economic growth amongst the various sections of the nation. Secondly, the ethnic inequality is evident due to the wide gap between the various racial groups in the country. The two dimensions of ethnic inequality in Brazil interrelated.The regional inequality is as a result of the groups’ migration to the county. The migration of the communities to Brazil brought about the emergence of industries as well urban centers. The whites who are believed to have originated from Germany, Italy and Poland settled in the South as a result of presence of gold and diamond deposits and also because of the fertile land for agriculture and pastoralism.The Asian communities i.e. Japanese settled in South as well a southeast.The Africa
South County, which has a population of almost 270, 000 people, is a non-charter county whose operating laws have never been modified since its statehood. Although this county has enjoyed robust financial conditions, it has never changed. This County has it that, for any opinion to be accepted, it has to get the support of at least four of its seven members. Mike Ketchem, the OMB south county director, has been relied upon much by the county since owing to his accounting proficiency, it claims that he can rescue it from its financial crisis that has led to its budget fall. The county is experiencing several problems as illustrated next. The first problem South County relies much on business but following the evident building limitations, it cannot attract business anymore. This turns out to be the major problem that the county is experiencing. It has also been experiencing a revenue shortage for the last five years. In addition, the General Fund Contingency of the county, which harbors its money, has almost nothing in store for the County. This then makes it unable to cater to its emergency needs. It is worth noting that the corresponding root causes of these problems emerge from within the county. For instance, the County’s step of restraining the kind of developmental industries, worthy of erecting within it turns to be the main barrier towards the County’s capability to attract more businesses. Although the County’s plan in taking the step was to help protect its natural ecosystems, the arising limitations of buildings have barred the County from drawing more business firms. According to Taffe, “To fund unplanned and unbudgeted projects approved by the board, the General Contingency Funds have been tapped…” (74) This impulse expenditure gives the main cause of the significant loss of the reserve funds reported by the county. To ensure that this does not happen in the future, the county needs to adopt “programs like the creation of special tax districts such as Municipal Services Taxing Units (MSTUs)” (Taffe 74). As Ketchem’s assistant, I have received a command from him demanding me to come up with a plan, to be presented before the County, addressing the budget problem as well as including some advice on an approach that will enable the approval of the plan. However, there arise some problems during the plan development. The second problem The issue of politics stands out as a major problem. This follows from the voting history of the County board members. Out of the seven members, I should make sure that at least four of them support my plan; otherwise, it will be subject to rejection. Another problem is that of coming up with the relevant strategies that accommodate all the prevailing problems and that can register a significant change once implemen
Introduction Individuals’ behaviours and performance at work are an important topic in research in human resources management, psychology and some other disciplines. There is a variety of studies that suggest that leadership and management play a key role in determining employee performance (Carter, Armenakis, Field, & Mossholder, 2013; Sundi, 2013). However, some theorists believe that there are certain individual factors that are essential to excellent behaviour and performance. Memory, intelligence and personality are among such factors, as they are valuable in predicting employees’ reactions to different tasks and environments. For instance, memory can help employees to succeed in applying their practical and theoretical knowledge in their work, while intelligence and personality could be linked to motivation and diligence. Theoretical knowledge on memory, intelligence and personality make it possible to evaluate the influence of these factors on work performance and behaviours. The research in this area could contribute to human resources management by supporting leaders with information that is critical to recruitment, task allocation and many other internal processes. As successful human resources management has a positive influence on business operations and performance, this research is important to businesses in all areas of the industry. The present paper will seek to explain the theoretical background on memory, intelligence and personality and evaluate the influence of these factors on work performance and employee behaviours. Theoretical
Sun Chief is a story of Don C. Talayesva, a Hopi Indian, who has to tear between two different worlds and two different cultures in order to comprehend whom he should be and why. This autobiographical story is devoted to Leo Simmons, who was a white man and the author’s clan brother. Sun Chief is one of the most excellent accounts about the life of a Hopi person during the times of great changes, sever conflicts, and numerous splits in villages. This is not only a simple story about life, this work may also serve as a reliable document about the life in primitive societies and troubles, which may be on their ways. In order to comprehend better the essence of Sun Chief and get the main idea, which Don Talayesva wanted to introduce, it is necessary to consider the work by Arnold van Gennep, The Rites of Passage, where a certain attention is paid to each important ritual in man’s life. “Each larger society contains within it several distinctly separate social groupings. As we move from higher to lower levels of civilization, the differences among these groups become accentuated and their autonomy increases.” (Gennep et al. 1) When a person starts reading someone’s autobiography, it is necessary to know a scheme according to which the story may be introduced. Birth, maturity, marriages, and death are considered to be one of the most important stages in the life of each person. Arnold van Gennep pays special attention to each of these steps, describes their importance, and underlines the major characteristics of each period. He perfectly describes each rite of passage and presents interesting insights in order to use and analyze them in our every day life. This work influences lots of anthropologists as it introduces a captivating theoretical framework that helps to explain numerous cultural beliefs. Without any doubts, Sun Chief is a book written by an anthropologist for anthropologist. Not every reader is able to get the main idea of what Don Talayesva is going to explain. This is why The Rites of Passage turns out to be rather helpful to explain all those anthropological things to ordinary readers. Sun Chief provides the reader with a chance to learn the life of Indian community from inside. Each ritual and each step of life in the ordinary Indian tribe has its reason and time. It is quite possible that the author of the story, Don Talayesva, does not concentrate on the importance of each tradition and presents each step as an obligatory one. Readers, who are not aware of the Indian traditions, will hardly comprehend how significant each step in the life of young Talayesva. With the help of Gennep, the reader can find the thing that is crucially important in order to unite each piece of information, presented in Sun Chief. The description of salt expedition may serve as a good example of the above-mentioned situation. Is it really important to be a member of salt expedition in our every day life? Hardly! This is why, due to Gennep emphasis, the reader should pay certain attention to this event, as more tha
Executive Summary It has always been assumed that women are the only people who consume cosmetic products. However, from observation and studies that have been conducted in the last few decades, it has been identified that men also use these products. Additionally, the rate at which men consume these products has been increasing at an exponential rate over the last few years. This increase in consumption rate has created a high demand on male cosmetic products. It is due to these factors that the current study was conducted. The main aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the consumption of cosmetic products in the male population. To effectively cover all these areas of study, the objectives of the study were:  1. To identify how marketing can influence the consumption of men’s cosmetic products.  2. To identify the difference in the consumption of cosmetic products by men of different levels of incomes.  3. To determine whether men have a variety of cosmetic products to choose from. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the target group. The study had a sample size of 110 individuals. Random sampling technique was administered to conduct the interview to eliminate any forms of biasness. The data that was collected was analyzed using SPSS. Using the software package, Chi-Square tests, t-test and Pearson correlations were used as tools for providing information regarding descriptive statistics. From the results, it was identified that advertisement using celebrities played a significant role in the consumption of male cosmetic products. It was also identified that men had a wide range of cosmetic products to chose from. Finally, it was identified that the income levels of men did not affect the consumption patterns of cosmetic products. From these results, it was concluded that men, as much as women consume cosmetic products to improve their self-image and boost their confidence. Introduction The cosmetic industry has for a long time relied on women as their main target consumers but this is slowly changing. There is an emerging male market for cosmetics and it is growing fast. Cosmetic manufacturers have started acknowledging this fact, and are now trying to find ways of tapping into the male market and exploiting the huge potential there. Recent studies show that male skin care products already account for more than 30 percent of the market in western countries (Noordhoff, 2004). Similar growth trends are being seen in Asia, especially in those countries that readily embrace western lifestyle ideas like Japan, South Korea and China. Hong Kong has emerged as one of the best markets for doing cosmetics business in this region. There is zero import duty on cosmetics and toiletries and no registration or labeling requirements. It presents