ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The basic role of a magazine is to provide information that is relevant in a given field. Among the fields, there can be politics, nature, tourism and so on, or a combination of these subjects. However, written materials go beyond their initial mandate where we find that besides providing the basic information, they may become a forum for advertisement or a media that sparkles debate on topical issues. Due to various reasons, there has been an influx in the use of magazines as tools for advertisements. In this paper we will analyze the bulk of information contained in the Trumpet magazine in a bid to try to understand why it has assumed a particular definite trend in its writing and content. Introduction Like any other media of our time, magazines have become popular platforms for setting out social, economic and political agenda that dominate people’s minds. For this reason, they have become preferable reading materials by many people. At the same time, there are those who use the magazine as their medium for reaching prospective clients for their commodities while, on the other hand, providing clients with a simplified and sometimes detailed platform for purchasing their products (Berelson, 1971). Either way, it must be said that magazine content can serve several purposes to different people, just as it affects the cultural set up of its environment. To help us understand what dictates the trends that can be found in magazine content, we will look into a set of magazines which content cuts through social issues, cultural, political, and economic tendencies. The Trumpet Magazine and The Trader and Urban Law are good case studies to analyzes their ability to attract attention of a broad audience due to the fact that they contain a wide range of content. Research Questions While analyzing this media, we may formulate some questions that will guide us to remain within the context of our study, as well as assist in further understanding of this media. Some of these questions will be: I. What are the major topics covered by these magazines? II. Who are the target audience for these magazines: the youth, the middle aged business people etc.? III. What is the audience base of these magazines? IV. How does the message in this media influence and interact with daily cultural,
Energy is defined as the capacity to do some work. There are various forms through which energy exists, such as light, heat, potential energy, and mechanical energy, among others. Any living organism requires energy to handle its activities, and it is transferred to objects in order to operate them. The projection by International Energy Outlook 2013 suggests that energy consumption will rise by 56% from 2010 to 2040 (par. 1). Major cases of increases in energy usage happen in countries that are not members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), where demand is driven by long-term economic growth plans. Energy use in non-OECD countries is rising by 90%, while in OECD countries, the rise in usage is increasing by 17% (Xu par. 2). This paper will discuss the trend in global energy consumption from the year 2010 to the year 2040, mainly focusing on natural gases, coal, and petroleum. Despite the high rate of renewable and nuclear energy growth in recent years, fossil fuel remains the major supplier of world energy, with a consumption of up to 80% globally; here, natural gas is the leading fossil fuel in terms of growth. Other than natural gas, coal usage also increases faster than petroleum, mainly because of increased demand and consumption in China; this, in turn, causes an increase in fuel prices in most parts of the world (Schobert, 84) Due to the effects of the economic recession in 2008-2009 and other unresolved economic issues, there has been uncertainty on how to assess world energy markets. In recent years, most of the world countries that produce energy have been experiencing improved economic growth due to the increasing demand for energy in the global market. For instance, significant growth has been witnessed in the emerging markets of Asia, including China and India, which have had steady economic growth for the last twenty years. The world gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to rise at an average rate of 3.6% from 2010 to 2040; non-OECD countries have a higher growth at an average of 4.7%, compared to OECD countries (International Energy Outlook 2013 par. 6). This implies that the consumption of energy in non-OECD countries will increase owing to the economic growth and stability in these regions. Political unrest in various countries in Northern Africa and the Middle East has led to a significant increase in fuel prices globally, owing to the fact that those countries are the major producers (Zehner, 184). This has led to an increase in fuel prices from around 90 dollars to 130 dollars per barrel since 2013. These figures are, however, projected to rise to 163 dollars per barrel in the year 2040. The result of this increase in fuel prices would be a decline in demand or switching to alternative energy sources that would be more affordable. Efficiency in energy usage would also be promoted through renewable energy, which would enhance environmental protection. Nevertheless, there is a likelihood of a continuous rise in demand for fuel, with projections showing an average of 4% growth
Abstract This paper discusses the essence of Maya Angelou’s leadership abilities in regards to her endowment with the psychological traits of a truly charismatic individual. The main idea, which is being promoted throughout this paper’s entirety, is that the first key to the effectiveness of Angelou’s leadership-style is her unwavering allegiance to the plight of liberation-seeking African-Americans. Dr. Maya Angelou and her Leadership Abilities In his critically acclaimed TV series Civilization , British historian Kenneth Clark came up with a memorable remark: “I don’t know what civilization is, but I’m sure I’ll be able to recognize one when I see it” (00.01.10). This Clark’s statement relates to the paper’s subject matter (namely, the leadership style of Maya Angelou) perfectly well, because one does not have to possess much of a theoretical knowledge about the concept of leadership, in order to be able to recognize Maya Angelou as a great leader; she never ceased embodying this concept. Nevertheless, in order for us to be able to substantiate the soundness of this suggestion, the very essence of Angelou’s foremost leadership-qualities needs to be thoroughly examined. In this paper, I will aim to do just that. Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among politically correct Westerners to discuss the concept of leadership in terms of the concept of management. Moreover, as practice indicates, many of them go even as far as implying that the term ‘leadership’ is being virtually synonymous to the term ‘cooperation’: “Leadership is a process by which diverse groups of people are empowered to work together synergistically toward a common vision and common goals” (Werhane, 2007, p. 427). Nevertheless, the concept of leadership is best defined not as a process per se , but as one’s ability to get a particular process underway and to ensure this process’s effectiveness. According to Dubrin (2010): “We can define leadership as the ability to inspire conﬁdence and support among the people who are needed to achieve organizational goals” (p. 3). When it comes to inspiring confidence in others, however, a potential leader cannot solely rely on its ability to rationalize the challengeable emanations of surrounding reality, he/she must possess certain charismatic qualities, which usually appear being of a mostly inborn nature. In its turn, this explains why rationale-based criteria for assigning one with the functions of leadership often prove to be rather ineffective. The validity of this statement can be well explored in regards to the classical sci-fi films Alien and Terminator , which accurately portray the very mechanics of how seemingly undistinguishable and subservient women realized themselves being in position of natural-born leaders which, in turn, allowed them to proceed with the mission of ‘saving the world’ much more effectively, as it would have been the case with those who were fitted for this mission so much better, physically strong and rationalistically minded males. Apparently, it is not
Introduction This report outlines the event strategy plan for managing this year’s summer music festival. The purpose of this year’s festival is to raise funds for assisting needy children in England. The target audience includes the people living in London City. However, participation will be limited to people who are above fifteen years of age. The festival will be held on July 13 and 14, 2013 from 12:00 pm to 3:00 am at Hyde Park in London City. The event will provide a memorable entertainment experience to the participants through a live stage performance by artists and bands such as Black Eyed Peas, and Pulp among others. Other activities will include a beer party, food stalls, singing competitions, and interactive games. Aims and Objectives The main objective of the festival is to raise funds for the Children Society of the United Kingdom. The festival should be a public event so that it can attract a large number of participants. The financial objective is to raise at least 1,500,000 pounds through the event. The Children Society will use this fund to support needy children by providing them with services such as education, advice, and health care. To avoid high costs, the event should operate as simply as possible. Nonetheless, the participants must benefit from it by getting value for their money. In this regard, the social objective of the event is to provide a memorable entertainment experience. To achieve the financial and social objectives, the festival will include activities such as a live stage performance by 10 artists, a singing competition by upcoming artists, a beer party, food stalls, and interactive games. The Marketing Screen The selected activities for this year’s festival are too many. During the 2012 and 2011 festivals, the number of people who attended the beer party was less than the desired number of participants by 50%. Research concerning the causes of the low attendance indicates that visitors were not ready to pay the extra fee (separate ticket) for the party. In addition, the participants were interested in the live stage performance by artists rather than drinking beer in a separate venue. Thus, the beer party will not be part of the activities that will take place in this year’s music festival. The Operation Screen Even though visitors enjoy the signing competition, staging it is usually very difficult. This is because a very large number of artists usually express their interest in the competition. This complicates the process of selecting the competitors because the auditions must be done over a long period. Additionally, we do not have enough judges to select the right competitors for this year’s festival due to time constraints. Thus, this year’s festival will not have a singing competition. Financial Screen In the last two years, the festival did not raise much
The documentary film largely addresses how the US military has been marred with the issue of rape. It is apparent that women soldiers are the worst victims of human rights violation presented in this movie. The documentary highlights intensive research that has been carried out in the US military especially in regards to female victims who have undergone grueling experiences while serving in the US military. From the film, it is cathartic and validating to report the trauma that women undergo in the hands of the US military. According to the reports obtained from the US Department of Defense, an assault from an enemy is less likely to affect a female soldier in the US military compared to the chances of being raped by a female colleague. This implies that the greatest threat that female soldiers face while in line of duty is the possible rape from their rogue male counterparts. However, it is surprising that the Department of Defense has done very little to avert the bad experience that female soldiers go through while serving in the army (Parrish par. 5). Close to 20,000 sex crimes against women serving in the military were reported way back in 2010. In addition, the film documentary highlights that about twenty percent of female soldiers in the US military have been raped or have experienced rape attempts while working close with their male counterparts. Age also seems to be an issue of consideration when it comes to rape ordeals that women face while in the US military. For example, the documentary observes that female soldiers who are within the ages of 18 and 21 years are highly likely to be raped compared to those who are above 22 years. In any case, more that 50% of the rape victims among female soldiers are aged between 18 and 21 years. Nonetheless, the documentary does not explicitly explain the extent of rape and other forms of human rights violation that women over the age of 22 undergo. It is possible that rape ordeal is the worst form of human rights violation that female soldiers face in the US military. Male soldiers are also part and parcel of the statistics of rape cases that are dominant in the US military. However, the number of men being raped is rather small in comparison to all the rape cases combined. The reports in the documentary indicate that only one percent of the male soldiers have been reporting rape assaults at least every year. For instance, close to 20, 000 men underwent sexual ordeals before the close of the year 2009. In order to solidify the claim, one male victim of sexual assault has also been interviewed in the film. Again, the interview and even the reports presented in the film documentary do not categorically classify how these men are sexually assaulted. It is imperative to mention that one of the major threats to human rights in the US military has been homosexuality. There are soldiers
Individual differences are a great source of diversity, which is an important component of innovation and creativity in organisations. Therefore, instead of managers limiting it, they should study its influence on organisational behaviour at both interpersonal and group levels. One of the tools used in understanding diversity is psychometric testing. In modern organisations, psychometric testing has become a very powerful and effective tool for human resource management. Examples of common tests used by organisations include personality, numerical reasoning, verbal reasoning, abstract reasoning, accuracy, and knowledge tests. Psychometric tests are useful in the management of human resources to the extent that they are used for hiring and recruitment, job analysis, job satisfaction assessment, performance appraisal, team building, training and development, and turnover analysis. Psychometric tests are useful only if human resource managers know the needs of their companies. Every organisation should have well-established measures of job performance that can be used to evaluate whether a potential candidate has the qualities necessary for a particular job (Bratton & Gold 2012). It is impractical to use a psychometric test to predict an individual’s job performance if the organisation lacks quantitative measures of assessing employee performance. Hiring is one of the areas that psychometric tests are applied. Personality tests are common during hiring and recruitment. Research has shown that this type of testing is not very common as only 18 percent of companies use them in the hiring process to determine an individual’s suitability for a certain job (Syed & Kramar 2017). It is more beneficial to focus on dependent variables rather than independent variables (Bratton & Gold 2012). If cognitive and personality tests are used appropriately, they could give a clear picture of an employee’s potential, and help the organisation avoid hiring unqualified individual
Fake news is an attribute of today’s media world. Moreover, it has become a kind of media industry. Fake information may be used for different purposes. Firstly, the aim may be to spoil the opinion about political opponents. Spreading fake information is the most effective way to do it as it makes the target of the badgering look pathetic in the minds of the public. Secondly, the reason for creating fake news may be to attract public attention to some subject. The shocking news is always more attractive and discussed than an ordinary one. Finally, this method may be directed at forming in the masses a certain opinion on policies, economy, and many other spheres. For example, when there is an urge to justify the unpopular measures of a country’s government, fake news may serve as sufficient informational support. Thus, false information generally serves as an instrument of forming opinions. The aim of this work is to analyze one piece of fake news and prove that this method of dirty journalism may be used to support a widely shared stereotype. The piece of news under consideration will be that of President Donald Trump’s removing the bust of Martin Luther King from the Oval Office. This event was reported in January 2017 by the Time correspondent Zeke Miller (Gibbs). The information was placed on Time’s official website and raised a huge clamor both on the news and social network services where it was discussed by the public. Before analyzing the fake information itself, it is necessary to view the context in which it was generated and spread. Firstly, Trump is a political figure that, although he was elected President, meets strong opposition in the American society due to his right-wing views and policies and sometimes to his extravagant behavior. That is why any of his actions and words are widely discussed. Secondly, Martin Luther King is a significant figure for the United States and the American citizens. He was one of the leading activists of the 1960s civil rights movement and was murdered for his political activity. It is important that his views and beliefs were partly left-wing. On the other, he became one of the USA’s national symbols. Thirdly, according to McNair, the election of Trump caused a boom of fake news around the world (1). It means that Miller did not invent anything new: he simply followed the trend. One of the main questions under consideration concerns what the purpose of creating the false item was. One should bear in mind that Time is a respectable news and analytics source that is trusted by millions of people not only in the English-speaking countries but all around the globe. After the fake appeared on the website, Trump published an angry tweet against Miller, and there was an official refutation from the President’s administration. However, the reputation of the news portal was damaged. According to Lăzăroiu, “the ethic of impartiality is a benchmark of good journalism” (114). This principle is evident
The history of world-politics has been dominated by various theories that help explain international relations. In the recent past, debate has been rife over which theory is better suited to foster sound world-politics. The world’s political forum constantly attempts to substantiate which international relations theory can successfully deal with pressing global issues such as war and peace. In this debate, most scholars are of the view that the choice of the international relations theory has a great impact on global politics. Unlike political ideologies, international relations theories have to be proven before being instituted. The most common theories of international relations are liberalism and realism. Theories of international relations are modeled on the concept that nations usually act in a manner that serves their national interests. Examples of national interests include economic prosperity, military power, and self-preservation. This essay presents the argument that realism explains more about the important aspects of world politics than the other theories of international relations. Realism is an international relations theory that argues that countries only act in a manner that increases their power in relation to that of other countries. Realism claims among other things that a powerful country is best suited to outdo other relatively weaker countries. The general concept behind realism is that the world is a dangerous and harsh place. There are several theories that counter the concepts contained in realism. The most prominent counter-realism theory is liberalism. According to liberalism, the closeness between countries has nullified realism. The fact that several states have similar interests has eliminated the need to employ military power in the event of a disagreement. The other counter-realism theory is idealism. Idealism stresses on the need for nations to employ moral ethics when they are conducting their international politics. Idealism champions for the abandonment of inferior tactics such as trickery, dishonesty, and violence. Proponents of realism argue that it is formulated on the assumption that the global-politics arena is dominated by anarchy. The foundation of realism is pegged on ‘human nature’. This means that realists assume that governments like human beings are driven by self-interest. Therefore, it is unlikely that the political organizations that are formulated based on other international relations theories can be able to change human nature. The pessimistic nature of realism is often challenged by both idealists and liberalists. Although the pessimistic nature of realism seems undesirable, its central premise bears a solid argument. Many scholars concur that human beings are creatures who are self-preservative by instinct. Politics is a reflection of individual human beings albeit in a collective front. Realists articulate that nations are primarily reflections of collective human nature. This makes it hard to argue that the behavior of states can be different from that of individuals. The evidence of the anarchy that is characteristic of human nature can be witnessed all over the wor