ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Why is testing an infant a difficult task? Explain how infants are tested using Sesell and Bayley Instruments. Testing children is a difficult task because they are active and can be distracted easily. They have low levels of concentration. Infants are also watchful when they meet unfamiliar people and perform inconsistently depending on the environment. Language barriers and cultural differences also contribute to making the testing procedure for infants a difficult task. Sell test requires the observer to observe, children film and analyze their performance by examining the film frame. Bayley involves the interaction of a child and the examiner using a sequence of tasks. The performance of a child is rated based on each task. Scores are added up, and they are compared with those of other infants that are of the same age. Consider language development from birth through age 2. Explain the process by using the major language milestones and ideas that support your responses. After birth, children cry as a sign of their language to express any need, and they also appear to recognize the voices of their mothers. At two to four months, cooing begins, and they start to repeatedly attempt to utter the same sounds when they are trying to respond to voices. At the age of five months, they respond to changes in a tone of voice, and they understand the first words. During their sixth month, they begin to bubble seeking attention. At their seventh month, they narrow down from universal linguist to the language of the caretaker. Between the age of eighth and twelfth months, kids start to comprehend words and use gestures to communicate. At the age of 13 months, they speak their first word. At eighteen months they start to acquire new words regularly. Between nineteen and two years, they start to use two words questions or combine few words. Describe some ways that adults can assist children who must cope with stressful events such as a terrorist attack. They should hold them as a sign of providing physical closeness and care. Adults should comfort and try to protect children from further exposure to stressful events and scary scenes that have the potential of making them anxious. They should explain to kids every distressing event that they may encounter. Adults should also reassure children about their personal safety and that they will protect them from any danger. They should also assure kids that the event will not happen again since it will be controlled by the authority, such as police officers. There are variations in self-esteem. These changes are linked to the aspects of children’s development. List some of these variations and explain what they mean. One of the variations in the association between self-esteem and low academic achievement. Academic achievement could be affected negatively by the level of self-esteem during child development. High-performing children have high self-esteem and they show significant levels of initiative. Self-esteem causes variations in the degree of happiness among children. The high standard of confidence in
Nietzsche believes in several aspects that lead to slave morality. The aspects include industrial Revolution, Christianity, democracy, enlightenment, strength of humans and equal coexistence that contribute to slavery morality (Plato 21). Master morality according to Nietzsche came in existence because the society was dominated by the ruling class. The author believes that moral concept of good originated from those people who benefited from egoistic actions. Nietzsche further claims that this is not accurate historically because practical use of ‘good’ came in lately. The major difference between good morality and bad morality according to Nietzsche is that good morality is connected to nobility and bad morals are linked to the common man and simplicity. Slave morality is characterized by resentment in the sense that a slave is fearful and pessimistic. This is because the slaves are emancipated, abused, weary, suffering and doubtful of themselves. In slavery morality, good has a different meaning of tending to reduce suffering and evil has a contrast meaning of tending to instigate fear. According to Nietzsche, master morality inspires fear (31). Nietzsche’s parable of the lambs and birds of pray outlines the differences in slave morality and noble morality. The parable is explained in order to understand the source of good as natural form of r
Overview of the Banque Saudi Fransi Bank Banque Saudi Fransi is a Joint Company in Saudi Arabia. This Bank is operating under the branch banking system. As per the recorded report in 2008, the Bank has currently 75 branches located in different centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The employee strength of the company is 2336. This bank has been formed with the objective of rendering banking services under the Royal Government policies and guidelines. They are providing different banking services in the Kingdom. Shariah compliance products are offered by them which got approval and recognition from the independent board set up for this function. The Bank’s head office is situated in Al Maather Street in the Kingdom of Saudi. Subsidiary branches are established by the Bank for carrying out its capital market services. The Bank adopted the accounting standards prescribed by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency. Risk management tools employed by the Banking Company Overview of Credit Suisse First Boston Credit Suisse First Boston is a leading stockbroker and investment Bank. It is the second largest bank in Switzerland. At first this bank was known as the Financier Credit Suisse First Boston and was established in 1978 between the First Boston Corporation and Credit Suisse and was afterwards used as the operating name for Credit Suisse’s Investment Banking operations. First Boston is the brand name of Credit Suisse. The investment bank was performing well after getting this brand name. Comparison of banking ratios: BSF and Credit Suisse Comparison of Banking Ratios of BSF and Credit Suisse                                                                                     Ratios                                                 2009                              2009      2008      2008      2007      2007      2006      2006                                                                                              BSF       CS        BSF       CS        BSF       CS        BSF       CS      Return on average asset ratio                          0.00597                           0.001735  0.02227   0.01013   0.03708   0.02538   0.0495    0.02745  Return on equity                                       0.04947                           0.265405  0.49847   0.25441   0.241     0.17963   3.197     0.259877 Rate Paid on Funds                                     0.003516                                    0.02086   0.102637  0.267     0.093948  0.237     0.0887   Net Interest Margin                                    0.00663                           0.00176   0.02374   0.02223   0.023985  0.014658  0.02627   0.013325 Reserve as a percentage /loans                         1.59
Nike Company is considered as one of the classic world wide corporations established in America. Its fame is also associated to the superfluous profits that the company makes out of the large volumes of shoes that it produces. Nike Company has been able to propagate its revenues from the fact that its sells its products from more than 140 countries worldwide. Despite of the company being able to generate profound profits out of the large volumes from the apparels and shoes, it is being characterized by some features that may in one way or another be perceived as unethical. Some of the issues that the company ought to keenly observe comprise of the working condition of the employees. In essence the working condition may comprise of the remuneration to its respective employees and the conditions that the company dictates to its subcontractors (Hill, 2009). Nike being termed as the best performing corporation on a global sense in terms of the apparels and shoes it is able to produce in an annual basis. This means that it is being able to control the market. In other words, the company has been able to set up and establish the conditions that ought to be followed by other marketers, live alone its subcontractors. Considering the amount of remuneration that the company offers to its employees and the conditions that it has set up to even the foreign factories that it works with, it would be just if the company is held responsible for such conditions. As long as the subcontractors make products for Nike Company, the foreign countries associated with the subcontractors in one way or another are being controlled by Nike Company. Therefore, the conditions that those foreign companies implemented are indirectly linked to Nike Company and thus, this justifies why Nike Company ought to be held responsible for any condition within the foreign company (Hill, 2009). Though, Nike may be held responsible for the conditions subsisting in foreign countries, which might be regarded as being unethical, there are others that ought to be held both in the mother country and in the foreign countries. Some of the working conditions that should be upheld in the foreign countries are the issues concerning the overtime rates. In order to have a livable wage, there should be no limit for the overtime. In essence it should not be limited in any way (Bateman & Snell, 2009). It would be justified to criticize Nike Company for the low wages it provides to the subcontractors residing in Indonesia. Considering the high standard of living – constituted to the amount of work done by the subcontractors – at least Nike Company should be advocating for the minimum age, but for an increment in total wages. Also, considering the amount of profits the company generates, a little increase will be considerable. In view of the way Nike retaliated to the negativity publicity about the sweatshops by promising to improve the working conditions and also amending the labor rule and regulations, it was not a
Coming up with a working budget based on research and sticking to it is one of the hallmarks of organizing successful trade show exhibitions (Herbig, O’Hara, & Palumbo, 2016). In the case study, the event planners underestimated the importance of researching a way of creating a realistic budget for the trade show. Additionally, they overlooked their inexperience on the issue. Therefore, instead of contracting an experienced person to guide them through the process of managing a 10′ × 20′ space, they decided to use the trial and error method to settle on the best solution. Analyzing the Event The Top Three Challenges The top challenges faced in this event included inadequate budget, inexperience, and limited resources. The Most Glaring Aspect of Inexperience The most outstanding aspect of inexperience was setting the backdrop for the booth. First, the event planners did not research the cost of printed backdrops that could fit on the background of the 10′ × 20′ booth. Therefore, after settling for a pop-up booth structure with walls covered with a Velcro receptive fabric, the team realized that the cost of a printed backdrop was beyond their budget. As such, the team started looking for cost-cutting options, but due to inexperience, it could not find a reliable solution. Consequently, the planners settled for trial and error to find out what could work. Foam core was tried at first, but that option was ruled out because the material punctures easily. The second option was to use a gatorboard, which could not hold the wallpaper in place. The inexperienced aspect affected the strategy through time wastage and extra expenditure over what was planned. More than 500 feet of wallpaper was reordered, whi
Throughout the world, issues of governance and public administration remain the central focus for all. The main reason is that decisions made by the governing authorities have serious direct and indirect impact on the well-being of the larger percentage of citizens left out of the governance structure. More often than not the decisions which best fit the interests of those in government is not in line with the wishes of the people. This means that the masses cannot allow the elites in authority to simply have their way as this would spell disaster for them. This being the case, the role of the “linkage Institutions” becomes even more prominent. Linkage institutions are organizations which presumably link the people and the leadership especially in terms of properly articulating their views and pushing for action from within government circles (Linkage Institutions, n. d, and par4). The most important examples of such institutions are the media, political parties, the election process and the different interest groups existing in a country. This paper looks at the effectiveness of such linkage institutions in improving the level of democracy, development of public policy and the scope of government. Notably the above linkage institutions are developed with certain objectives in mind regarding the process of governance. The media is expected to inform the entire population of the occurrences within government circles. The process of delivering information is probably the most powerful among the processes undertaken by the other different linkage organizations. The media is able to engage in an enquiry process on governance issues and report to the general public. This being the case, the media is able to shape the manner in which the public perceives or evaluates the process of governance. Across the world, the media has been credited for enhancing the process of achievement of democracy (Sharma, 2009, par14). This is through engaging in a favorable reporting process which not only supports processes of consensus building but also scares away individuals who
Introduction Consumers of health care have triumph in a tussle that followed the debate whether the physician’s performance should be rated by patients. At the initial stages there were spirited protests by the physicians but following institutionalization of legislations that allows the general public easy access to information about physicians like their disciplinary records, and records on malpractices the resistance seem to be dying a natural death. This essay seeks to answer questions relating to whether physician’s report cards are fair representation of what they really do or there are some elements of biases. The writer’s opinion is solicited with regards to this issue and his or her view is sought. The essay provides two references that support this position. The essay also seeks to answer questions relating to whether physicians report cards provide information that the consumers can use in making medical decisions. That position will be supported with two references. Are report cards given on physician’s performance a fair representation of the experience the patient’s go through during the process of treatment? Rating process can be a little bit unfair to physicians because only disgruntled physicians will undertake to rate the physicians (Arrow, 1963). Those who rate do so under the backdrop of data acquired from insurance company claims that are not representative of the medical care they receive from the physicians. There are also problems relating to selection bias in these rating processes. It is worth appreciating that patients should be in a position to choose a physician who can remedy their medical conditions from the physician’s ratings. The underlying risk with the rating of physicians is that data systems and analysis that can effectively be used in this process do not currently exist. Informal tallies and poor quality data systems comprise the quality of the rating process despite the fact that they can be used by individual physicians to correct their misgivings (Ferguson et al, 2000). Secondly, patients who had negative experience with physicians because of reasons that were not necessarily sanctioned by the physicians are likely to make derogatory remarks about such physicians. This may be counterproductive to the rating process. Rating process also goes against the grains of surgeon’s ethical obligations (Hannan et al, 1990). Surgeons like other physicians are not ethically obligated to communicate the outcomes and procedures of surgical procedures that are deemed important in patient’s decision making process. Report cards on physicians help patients in making right medical decisions R
Introduction In a 2013 article in the Guardian, a business director said the following when discussing the introduction of cloud technologies, “the age of work/life balance is over, it’s now about blend” (Davidi). Cloud technologies have indeed revolutionized both the jobs in various sectors and daily life. Its capabilities are increasingly impact the manner firms operate, providing capabilities such as collaboration, workplace mobility, and information access at distance. Washington D.C. is home to numerous government and business organizations that have benefitted or will significantly if the technology is widely implemented. In combination with a highly stressful culture of work in many sectors in D.C. that promote long-hours as well as overloaded infrastructure, cloud computing can potentially shift the status quo of work-life balance. Washington D.C. Culture and Economy Washington D.C. serves as the capital of the United States, home to the large federal government. This has also brought numerous firms to the district including legal and lobbying firms, social organizations and thinktanks, and financial institutions. In addition, the region has also become a hub for various technology firms working with the government and other companies. Finally, the city hosts a significant hospitality and tourism sector. The city’s sectors, particularly federal government, legal firms, and others are known for their long work hours culture. Meanwhile, due to high costs of living with rent for two bedrooms starting at $1,500 is causing many workers to work overtime. Washington D.C. metro area has a population over 6 million people and holds an above average density. The city’s infrastructure is significantly worn due to the number of people commuting to work in the city, with some of the most congested roads and public transportation in the country, resulting in residents spending hours commuting (Harkness). Cloud Technology Figure 2: Basics of cloud computing (“What is cloud computing”). A brief overview of cloud technologies is necessary to demonstrate their purpose and effect on changing the Washington D.C. economy. Cloud computing is a model which enables on-demand convenient access to a shared pool of computing resources. These can include networks, storage, servers, applications, analytics, or artificial intelligence that are provisioned and released with minimal management. The purpose is to deliver these computing services over the internet (“the cloud”). Cloud computing offers various benefits ranging from flexibility and innovation to efficiency and economies of scale. Since the IT resources are stored on the cloud, it creates cost-saving for businesses and effectively provide elastic scaling since the the cloud is virtual and one receives the right amount of IT resources when they are needed at the proper
There has long been a bit of confusion concerning the meaning of class and socio-economic status in North America. This was more true in the U.S.A. than in Canada, since Canadians, both English and French, were more closely tied to a motherland which still differentiated between class and wealth. Even today, one can buy a dukedom in places, but it may take generations to acquire the respect that generally goes with the title. One inherited class in the parent societies of North America, and it was based upon family and breeding, not wealth and education. Marxist theory defines class by function in society. North American capitalists tend to define class by political and social influence. None of these are based upon wealth or education. However, socio-economic status is also not based solely on wealth, but is heavily influenced by one’s ethnic origin, education and social power, while class is based upon heritage and power. Currently in Canada, there is still a class line based upon family name, ancestral heritage and breeding. However, this can be mitigated through marriage, success in vocation or politics. However, when most people in Canada use the word “class” they mean one’s socio-economic status. This is a combination of one’s wealth, education and social standing. A person can arrive from anywhere, and still aim at the highest socio-economic status. All that is necessary is education or success in one’s chosen profession to begin to build social power. Even those from very different ethnic backgrounds can attain high social status in Canada. It helps if the person perfects a standard English or French accent, and the English is more influential. One excellent example is David Suzuki. He is well known, well educated and highly respected, but his origins are Japanese. Still he is of very high socio-economic status and most Canadians would consider him of the higher class, right up there with MacDonald. According to Marxist theory, David Suzuki would probably be a bourgeoisie, educated and wielding great political influence. David Suzuki blurs the line in Marxist terms, because he both owns and controls production and also works for production. It depends upon which part of his life we consider. By Marxist terms most Canadians would fall into the working class, with a lower percentage being “petit bourgeoisie” as owners of small businesses. Only about 5-10% are actual owners of the production systems, qualifying them as the elite class. Marx believed that capitalist societies would split into two opposing factions: the people who controlled the wealth and power and those who had not control. Marx defined classes according to their relationship with the means of production and the wealth produced. He had only three classes: owners with power, owners with little or no power and workers. Canadians may differentiate most people by socio-economic status, but there is a line