ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the vast majority of the cases, women were not central characters who could significantly affect the epics’ outcome. Moreover, they were usually demonstrated as unsecured and unwise compared to strong and sharp males –— the main heroes of any ancient work. On the contrary, Odyssey, and Gilgamesh, the two unprecedented epics of ancient history, demonstrated to their readers how female representatives might take serious decisions and follow their own life paths. In this essay, the women will be presented from different perspectives. Moreover, the God women would be compared with common or mortal females, which will give the possibility to genuinely determine whether there is a God-person or Woman-woman subject line. First and foremost, it is critical, to begin with Gilgamesh since he is a relatively common character in terms of his life story. More specifically, two women selected for the analysis are Siduri and Ninsun. This is due to the fact that Siduri is a common female representative, but she was a mentally strong person who could manipulate people so that they achieve the needed results. Her positive influence had a significant effect even on the main hero when she advised Gilgamesh to live the best possible life: now and today. On the other hand, a more conservative but with the same amount of social influence, Ninsun, Gilgamesh’s mother, contributed to his two-thirds of a God. To summarize the influence of both women on Gilgamesh, it is possible to cite Kelley (2014) to describe Gilgamesh’s advice to him during one of the toughest period of the epic: When the gods created man, they allotted his death, but life they retained in their own keeping. As for you, Gilgamesh, fill your belly with good things; day and night, night and day, dance and be merry, feast and rejoice. Let your clothes be fresh, bathe yourself in water, cherish the little child that holds your hand, and make your wife happy in your embrace; for this too is a lot of men (25). Throughout the whole essay, Ninsun was trying to rescue her son from difficult life sit
The researchers Holzwarth, M., Janiszewski, C. & Neuman, M. present an adequate rationale for conducting the study “The influence of online avatars on online consumer shopping behavior”. They talk about the main problem in internet selling; that is, low conversion of shoppers to purchasers. They even quote statistics on the percentage of online visitors who fail to buy anything from a website. After identifying the key problem with this sales channel, they then look at justifications for this behavior. Holzwarth et. al. (2006) suggest the use of avatars as a potential solution to low conversion after studying buyers’ justifications. Therefore, the authors have done a good job of identifying a problem in marketing and providing a solution for it through their research. It is likely that this study will lead to greater use of avatars among online companies. In turn, this will enrich consumer experiences and thus influence consumers shopping behavior more profoundly. Companies may achieve a higher conversion of online visitors to buyers through such a strategy. In the field of marketing, the study will enable sellers to reap maximum benefit from a relatively new sales channel. Not only does the research suggest that the use of avatars can increase online shopping purchases, but it teaches internet companies how to effectively use that strategy. The literature review is also quite thorough and comprehensive. Holzwarth et. al. (2006) started with basic descriptions of common concepts like social response theory and computer-mediated technology. In this regard, they wanted to illustrate how avatars affect the psychology of buyers. They then looked at qualities inherent in avatars like reciprocity and how this increases compliance among users. Holzwarth et. al (2006) drew similarities between avatars and sales agents, then used those qualities to make their hypotheses. Issues such as the effect on purchase intention, entertainment value, satisfaction with the seller and attitude towards the retailer could all be affected by the presence of avatars based on the literature review. This was a very convincing literature review; however, they would have improved upon it if the authors also mentioned the negative elements of personal sales agents and hence avatars. The authors only selected articles that demonstrate positive relationships between persuasion and customer purchases. It would have been insightful if they also chose others that did not support this point of view. Consumers sometimes have a tendency to block out unconcealed persuasive tactics. Holzwarth et. al. (2006) also did a good job of defining critical concepts such as avatar, and computer-mediated communication. On the other hand, the authors assumed that all readers would know what purchase intention means. Purchase intention could denote actual purchases or willingness to buy. None of these meanings were clarified or related to high conversion rate. The researchers also mentioned previous met
The factors that contribute to McDonald’s success in U. S. and other international markets McDonald’s massive advertisement campaigns are a well known happening. Banners with their brand name are present in every big city of the world, their logos are all over the biggest sport events such and World Championships and the Olympics because McDonald’s is one of the major sponsors of such tournaments. Besides, the advertisements employed by this company often include such famous celebrities as Justin Timberlake and Beyonce Knowles. McDonald’s is extremely aggressive when it comes to the advertising. Their videos run on television and in the internet, they are placed on the banners and big screens in the streets of all over the world. Their restaurants offer deals such as dollar menus, discounts, gifts, toys, bonuses to the loyal customers. The promoters of this company conduct a number of programs designed to encourage customers of all ages to buy their products. All of these measures combined contribute immensely to the growing revenues of this global corporation. Why is KFC less successful than McDonald’s internationally? KFC and McDonald’s both started to develop their businesses during the 1930s in the times of Great Depression in the United States. Today both of the companies have large global influence and operate huge chains of restaurants all over the world. The companies promote their high speed service and very clean and sanitary conditions of preparing food. The difference between these companies is that KFC is focused only on selling chicken, while McDonald’s owns a long list of meals they are ready to serve to their customers. In order to win more clients McDonald’s has provided standardisation of all their restaurants across the world. This means that all of the restaurants in every country have to stick to the same norms as to temperatures of cooking and preserving the products or the amount of time the food can be kept in the transfer bin. These regulations make the process of food preparation especially consistent and help to win the customers’ trust and loyalty. These measures make McDonald’s more popular than KFC globally. Why is McDonald’s less successful that KFC in China? Even though globally McDonald’s is much more popular than KFC, in China the Fried Chicken restaurants have managed to win much more customers. Gradually, it led to total domination of KFC at the Chinese fast food market. The main reason of this mysterious happening is the fact that the Chinese culture varies from the western lifestyle quite a lot. KFC managers grasped that and made their restaurants much more culturally flexible. The differences between China and the rest of the world work against McDonald’s and its fixed standards. The factor that makes McDonald’s extremely trustworthy and popul
Information technologies and organized crime The criminal justice system continues to be besieged as the society is questioning the ultimate solution to the increased crime rates in the world today. Despite the fact that, prisons have been overcrowded with criminal of all categories, the crime rates have seemed to be also on the increase (Navarro, 2007). For this reason, the widespread question is, can the current trends in technology bring necessary changes in fighting crime? The fact is that, emergence of information technology has contributed to increase in crime rates but however, it has also enabled the criminal justice to fight against crime in a big way. In this era of globalization, investigation of the criminal activities and elaborative discovery of the happenings to this topic of crime is very hard without integration of the scientific and technological phenomenon and the general application of information technology. There are three major issues in the assessment of the crime and technology which will form the basis of our argument in this research paper; the level of information technology that is used by the law enforcement officers in reducing crime, the technology that is being used by the criminals gangs, and the level of control or monitoring administered to the use of technology such as computer by the criminals (Martin, 2005). It is no doubt that information technology is a influencing factor or tool leading to more rampant criminal activities although on the other hand it has also created a good avenue that is being used as a tool of fighting all criminal activities across the globe. For a broader understanding, we shall discuss how information technology has contributed to increase in crime while on the other hand, we shall also review how information technology has spear headed the fight against crime. Information technology as a tool that facilitates in the fight against crime Since the emergence of information technology, the advanced technology has served as a tool of enforcing the law by enhancing security measures through producing of electronic cards, developing of databases, generation of automated data cards used for banks transactions, an elaborative search engine for internal and external affairs and hence ensuring that criminals do not get an easy access to such system especially to institutions such as the bank which needs high level of security( Maguire, Morgan, and Reiner, 2007). Through the high level of technological and changes, there has been a lot of progress that enables flexible ways to trace or monitor different activities executed by different people across the globe. Such case can be explained by observing the well developed FBI system that enables investigative officers to monitor activities of
Literature Review Infidelity is frowned upon by many societies because it breaks the promise people make to remain faithful to their partners (Gibson, Thompson & O’Sullivan 2016). Moller and Vossler (2015) define it as a breach of a social contract between two or more partners pertaining to sexual or emotional exclusivity. Other researchers simply refer to it as a violation of a set of rules or norms regarding relationships (Russell, Baker & McNulty 2013; Little et al. 2014; McNulty & Widman 2014). Since fidelity and faithfulness are subjective issues, people have different interpretations of what constitutes a faithful relationship. However, of particular interest to this review is the effects of generational differences on perceptions of love and relationships because changing economic, social, and cultural values, across multiple generational cohorts, have permeated how societies view marriages and social unions. Despite the existence of these changes, many societies still perceive infidelity as an undesirable behaviour. In line with this observation, most researchers have tried to predict the occurrence of infidelity by using psychology theories and personality types (Gravningen et al. 2017). For example, a study conducted by McTernan, Love and Rettinger (2014) explored 17 types of transgressive behaviours and their association with personality traits. The main types of personality traits examined in the study were impulsivity, empathetic perspective taking, guilt, and shame (McTernan, Love & Rettinger 2014). The researchers also included social desirability as a control variable. Using a confirmatory factor analysis, McTernan, Love and Rettinger (2014) identified five main types of cheating – competitive cheating, breaking a social contract, relationship cheating, self-cheating, and school cheating. At the same time, using a structural equation model, they found that impulsivity and sensation seeking were associated with high incidences of transgressive behaviours or infidelity (McTernan, Love & Rettinger 2014). The empathetic perspective taking was also associated with impulsivity (McTernan, Love & Rettinger 2014). In a British study, authored by Boertien and Mortelmans (2018), an effort was made to understand the relationship between personality types and divorce. The researchers established that personality types and divorce shared a positive relationship (Boertien & Mortelmans 2018). The hypotheses investigated in the study were based on the social exchange and crisis theories. Boertien and Mortelmans (2018) also pointed out that high divorce rates have become less characteristic of people who behave unconventionally or score highly in “openness to experience.” High divorce rates were also associated with people who had low scores in conscientious levels (Boertien & Mortelmans 2018). A different British study, authored by Boertien, von Sche
Introduction In the recent past, there has been the emergence of lobby groups in different countries. The objective of these groups is to influence the decisions made by the government. The lobby group’s agents present their concerns related to special matters of interest to the relevant administrators. In the recent past, there has been increased conflict between lobbyists and UK retailers. This is due to their rampant increase in power, level of profits, and hence their significance over the suppliers. The objective of this report is to illustrate the main sources of conflict between the lobbyists and the UK retailers. Lobby groups There are various lobby groups that are concerned with the operation of the large retailers in the UK such as Tescopoly, Oxfam, and Friends of Earth. Tescopoly is a lobby group that is concerned with raising concern about the impact of increased supermarket power while Friends of the Earth is concerned with environmental matters. Increase in power One of the areas where there has been much conflict between the UK retailers and the lobby groups is with regard to their increase in power. This has negatively affected the suppliers. This is mainly in relation to their buyer power leading to their increase in bargaining power relative to their suppliers. This is mainly evident in the UK retail industry. According to Tescopoly, Tesco a food retail firm in the UK has in the recent past acquired 30% control of the grocery market in the UK (Tescopoly 2009). Instead of utilizing this bargaining power positively, these firms have continued to exploit the suppliers (Paul 2005). This is despite the formulation and implementation of the Supermarket Code of Practice. The aim of the code was to instill a desirable code of operation within the retail market. That is it was intended to establish a good relationship between the suppliers and the major retail firms. In the recent past, a survey of the major retail chains in the UK market, that is the Asda, Tesco, Safeway, and Sainsbury showed that these firms did not follow the Code of Practice. This has resulted in the deterioration of the firm’s behavior to their suppliers. Labor standards of the suppliers In order for firms to succeed, there is a need for the management to develop a strategy aimed at ensuring that all the individuals involved in the supply chain are satisfied. Amongst those involved are the suppliers. One of the ways in which this can be ensured is by upholding the labor standards that are set by the government. Due to their increase in power, most of the retail firms are not withholding the labor standard which is affecting the suppliers (Tesco accused of delaying supplier’s probe 2005). This is due to the fact that they are the most influential within the supply chain globally. This has made these firms force their suppliers to deliver supplies to them. For instance; according to Oxfam, these firms use a retail model aimed at ensuring fast delivery and at a cheap price of the freshest products. This means that
Introduction Drones are actually referred as being the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). As the name suggests, drones do not have any pilot or other flight crew. They are mainly controlled by ground pilots. But, in some rare cases, drones also pursue an already programmed operation. Basically, Drones are used for two purposes: for surveillance and for bombing any particular target. There are certain benefits or plus points associated with Drones. First of all, as mentioned earlier, they are unmanned and, as such, there is no danger of any life being lost. Secondly, the cost of a Drone is much less than an Armed Forces aircraft. Finally, Drones have the capacity to remain airborne for a longer period as compared to a manned aircraft. A lot of time is saved owing to the fact that there are no frequent landings and take-offs. The process of flying a drone entails three phases. In the first phase, a qualified and well trained person takes the Drone to the air (flies) from the conflict precinct. Then a team of technicians keeps a constant vigil over the Drone’s movements on the video screens. A third team maintains continuous contact with the troops at the battle field for regular updates. “Drones are remotely operated by CIA headquarters from Langley, West Virginia, USA or from its bases in Khost, Afghanistan and Pakistan” (Nasir 2012). “The US has two separate ‘squadron’ of armed drones: one run by the US Air Force and the other run by the CIA. Using drones, the USAF Air Force has increased the number of combat air patrols it can fly by 600 percent over the past six years” (Cole et al. 2010). Drones keep flying for long hours over suspected areas and keep on sending images to the base station. As soon as something concrete is noticed, an attack is conducted. “Unmanned aerial vehicles have soared the skies of Afghanistan and Iraq for years, spotting enemy encampments, protecting military bases, and even launching missile attacks against suspected terrorists” (McCullagh 2006). The invention of drones dates back to a little after the World War II. Initially, drones were designed for doing surveillance and were used by the United States during the Vietnam War, for the purpose of gathering informat
Racism and Discrimination in Rio Tinto’s Actions In the contemporary environment, the preservation of history and culture has become a matter of paramount importance. This process is said to reflect the culture and traditions of a certain area, providing invaluable data for researchers (Yang et al. 2018). However, the economic interests of certain players often outweigh the heritage of the past (Magdy 2021). The case of how Rio Tinto exploded ancient caves containing important artifacts is representative of the general situation. The mining company had received permission for the extraction of ore before the concerns regarding ancient rock shelters were raised (Winning 2020). However, Rio Tinto proceeded with its actions, and the explosion destroyed potentially valuable artifacts on the land of indigenous people. The repercussions of this situation for the preservation of cultural heritage may be considerable, as the expert community was denied an opportunity to research the artifacts. At the same time, these controversial events took place on the land of indigenous Australian peoples. Even though the Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura people objected to mining, Rio Tinto proceeded with its plans, as enabled by the government’s permission. The discussed case became controversial from the legal point of view, as well. As inferred from the investigation, Rio Tinto acted in compliance with the law, as the company expedited a request prior to the identification of any potential artifacts. However, this fact implies that a certain degree of discrimination was involved in this case. The permission may have been granted under different conditions, but the change of scenery should have prompted the government to reconsider it. Neither Rio Tinto nor the Ministry considered the identification of traditional people’s artifacts important enough to hinder the mining. Accordingly, it appears to be a combination of individual and institutional types of discrimination. Rio Tinto’s individual decision-making disregarded the interest of the Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura people, as enabled by the institutional inflexibility and even ignorance of policymakers. Real and Perceived Impact of Rio Tinto’s Actions Such case studies, as Rio Tinto’s activities in the Juukan Gorge, are important for the analysis of the industrial impact on indigenous peoples and their culture. As described above, a combination of individual and institutional discriminatory factors contributed to the development of the situation. As such, it had a considerable impact on the business, community, and Aboriginal people. From the industrial perspective, a considerable portion of the global iron ore supply is enabled by mining in this region (Winning 2020). Mining and construction have already raised reasonable concerns in regard to the industries’ impact on the global cultural heritage (Mai 2019). Rio Tint