ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The RAD tutorials primarily center on telecommunications, data communications and computer networking. They offer a descriptive approach to the core concepts in the above fields, and can be said to an effective learning tool in a computer networking and data communications class (RAD university 11). The tutorials under the Network layer is wide and comprises of ARP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, IP addressing and IP Background, IP/MPLS, Virtual Private Networks and other core components of the network layer. The paper focuses mainly on the tutorials on Virtual Private Networks (VPN) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). These were picked because they offer a comprehensive understanding of security in data communications, which is increasingly becoming an important requirement for business enterprises in the modern day internet age (Bagad 20). This paper discusses the business needs that are being addressed and the value that are delivered by them. In addition, the paper provides an evaluation of the tutorial and experience of the tutorials. VPN can be defined as a network architecture that facilitates the functioning of a secure private network located in a public architecture like the internet. VPNs are an essential security requirement because they offer a framework through which the network traffic cannot be deciphered or changed by an unauthorized user. There are various protocols and network architectures that can be used in the implementation of VPN, with the most common being the IP Security (IPSec) VPN architecture (RAD university 10). The main objective of using VPN is to achieve privacy, which is attained through the use of encryption, which is used in making the network traffic of the organization unreadable. This makes VPNs is a perfect security solution for business enterprises that have remote branches (Bansal 41). This is useful in eliminating security threats associated with eavesdropping. In addition, a VPN can be used as an alternative security solution that can be implemented in place of leasing a costly private link to connect the various remote branches of an organization. The implementation of a VPN relies on the creation of a VPN endpoint by use of connectivity via the internet in order to facilitate secure remote communication between the branches. The VPN endpoints are implemented using IPSec gateways, with the definition of a tunnel mode SA in all the directions of communications between the gateways (Bagad 45). The DHCP offers automatic IP configuration, which in turn helps in the elimination of the manual tiresome work associated manual configuration by the network manager. In addition, DHCP helps in automatic update of the configuration parameters. The principal goals of using DHCP includes compatibility, local controls, preservation of communication parameters, unique clients, automatic configuration and the saving of hardware. An integration of the above goals results to a self-managing mechanism used for the
Chapter 6 focuses on such an essential aspect as strategy formation. The main emphasis in the source is placed on the ability to determine the primary mission of the activity. The key element of this section is the concept of the mission of a healthcare organization, to which all further activities are tied. This fact is supported by the fact that the purpose of the institution explains the whole essence of the existence of clinics, hospitals, and their activities. Concerning my role, this aspect is also crucial, as it contributes to the awareness of the implementation of acts to help the population and preserve its well-being. Chapter 7 argues for the construction of goals aimed at improving complex systems. Particular attention is paid to how this process can affect the final results of activities. In addition, another central aspect is the provision of stages that must be followed when forming goals. Moreover, the author mentions that there may be a sufficient number of errors in this type of activity. These include “inadequate preparation of or by a decision-maker, political pressure, a flawed decision-making process, and ignorance of legitimate alternatives” (Spath & Kelly, 2017). This ha
Introduction No matter how hard may politics try to depict war as heroic activity and the citizens’ participation in the war as direct manifestation and the proof of patriotism, war will always be an atrocity against all human beings. War is a bleeding sore on the body of human history, it will ache and cause suffering for people long after the end of hostilities. War does nothing but ruins peoples’ lives, causes pain, tears, and endless prayers for peaceful sky without bombers above people’s heads. Poets are people, who present the reflection of reality though their own prism of inspiration, and they also condemn war as the evil monster gorging everything on its way. However, each poet offers his/her own unique vision of war that comes from the depths of his/her mind. The poetry, analyzed in this paper presents three perspectives of war, which are congener and interrelated: war is depicted as blinding and senseless activity imposed from without (Hardy), as a crime against a human being that is innocent by nature (Jarrell), and as a clash of the peoples that destroys not only human lives but culture too (Levertov). Discussion Due to its brevity and symbolism, the message of the poem “The Man He Killed” by Hardy should be read between the lines. All separate aspects of the poem serve the main purpose: to show the futility and absurdity of war that is immoral and obscure. The poem is told in the first person, though the title presupposes third person narration. The speaker is, evidently, a soldier who is reminiscing about the day when he killed an enemy. The most awful thing that becomes evident from the very beginning is that the speaker and the dead enemy are alike. The speaker even supposes that they could have had a drink together (Hardy line 4). However, peaceful reflection is disturbed by the cruel reality: instead of a friendly chat with a glass of nipperkin the speaker kills the man on the battlefield because they are made enemies like chess pieces on a chess board that are ruled and moved by somebody else. The most awful thing is that the speaker really produces an impression of a manipulated puppet, a blind tin soldier, he shows no feelings saying that he “killed him in his place” (Hardy line 8). What really makes a reader’s flesh creep is that after the killing, the speaker draws a parallel between himself and the dead soldier again, emphasizing that both of them were “off-hand” (Hardy line 14), they had the same reasons to join the war. Though the speaker maintains almost careless attit
Introduction A mineral can be defined as a naturally occurring chemical compound or element formed as a result of an inorganic or geological process. A mineral is a homogenous compound that has a definite chemical composition which is generally not fixed. It is also characterized by an atomic arrangement that is always ordered (Nickel, 1995). According to Zussman (1992), minerals are differentiated from each other by their specific characteristics that are as a result of the types of atoms used to form them and the arrangements of these atoms inside the minerals. When a mineral is formed in open space, it assumes a natural shape referred to as a crystal form. This form reflects the arrangements of atoms inside the mineral and the chemical composition of the mineral (Busbey, Coenraads, Roots & Willis, 2007). The most common minerals are Silicates and they make up over 90 percent of the Earth’s surface. This is because the constituent elements for the formation of silicates are Silicon and Oxygen and they make up around 75 percent of the Earth’s crust. This implies that the occurrence of various mineral species and their abundance is influenced by the chemicals present on Earth. Various geological changes like temperature, Earth’s pressure and the composition of a rock of Earth’s mass may bring about changes in the mineral composition of that rock of mass. However, it should be noted that the bulk composition of the rock of mass can be maintained but chemical composition will change if the conditions mentioned above change (Busbey, et al, 2007). Geological environments of various minerals Sedimentary minerals These are minerals that are either found in wet and low temperature environments or in high temperature environments. These minerals are normally not affected by chemical weathering like other minerals. An example of a high temperature sedimentary mineral is quartz. These minerals contain a range of solubilities with some being highly soluble and other s being highly insoluble. Highly soluble sedimentary minerals include calcite and halite and they are mainly found in evaporate deposits. Highly insoluble sedimentary minerals include diamond, gold and quartz and these are found in detrial sedimentary rocks that are very coarse. Other less resistant minerals in this category include feldspars and are found in finer soils such as mudstones and siltstones. This therefore means that sedimentary minerals can be classified into two: Detrial sedimentary minerals and Evaporite sedimentary rocks (Busbey, et al, 2007). Igneous Minerals These are minerals that are found in igneous rocks. These minerals solidify at temperatures in excess of 800 º C and therefore have very high melting points. Igneous rocks are either basic or mafic igneous rocks or acidic or silicic igneous rocks. Acidic or silicic igneous rocks normally contain a lot of silica in their composition while basic or mafic igneous rocks contain relatively less silica. It should be noted that there is another category of igneous mineral environment which is referred to as pegmatite (PEG). These minerals are formed during the last stage
Breach of contract A contract is a promise that is enforced by the law 1 . A contract is entered into by two or more parties and it should be legally binding. In order to determine whether there was a breach of contract, it could be important to establish whether or not the two firms, (i.e. Blackboard and PostersPLUS) entered into a legally binding contract. In June 2012, the firm entered into a contract to supply PostersPLUS with cast vinyl film for a period of one year. The contract between the two parties contained the four elements of a legally binding contract. The four components make promises enforced in a court of law. First, Blackboard made an offer to provide PostersPLUS with vinyl film products. On the other hand, PostersPLUS was to pay the supplier a certain amount of money for the supplies. Second, there was an acceptance on the part of PostersPLUS to the terms and conditions proposed by Blackboard. Third, consideration was contained in the contract because there was payment in exchange for the supplies in the contract. Fourth, legality is an important element that must be contained in contracts. It is evident that the contract between Blackboard and PostersPLUS was legally binding because it was within the framework of the Australian law. Another important aspect to analyse is whether or not a contract for sale of goods was entered into by the two Australian firms. A contract for sale of goods is a legally binding promise between two parties, whereby one of the parties promises to supply goods at an agreed amount of money. Blackboard and PostersPLUS entered into a contract for sale of goods because there was an agreement to supply goods at a specified amount of money and for a certain period of time, i.e. a period of 12 months. 2 There was a breach of contract on the part of Blackboard. It is clear that Blackboard was aware of the purpose that PostersPLUS intended to use the vinyl film at the time the contract was entered into between the two firms. PostersPLUS sold about 90% of the vinyl film labels purchased from Blackboard during the contract period to SEASTORM Containers. The following clause was contained in the contract: Blackboard gives no warranty that the goods are fit for any particular purpose. It was illegal for Blackboa
It is paramount to have interpersonal communication in health and health care. The information that the healthcare provider gives and that one that the health consumer gives can lead to the promotion of high-quality health care. The health consumer must be ready to share his or her health condition while the health provider must be willing to listen and analyze the information before making conclusions. An efficient health institution must have working telephones and addresses. They are the means through which the health consumers can reach the health facilities for information about appointments and other health information. The hospitals should be well equipped with the needed medical equipment, medicine, and with the right number of qualified personnel. The case of Anna is shocking indeed. Her husband, Paul, tried frantically to reach the hospital via the hospital’s telephone number. An emergency number for such institutions as the health system must be working 24 hours and have someone ready to pick up the calls. It seems the hospital’s communication channel had failed. He would have gotten through, maybe; he could have booked an appointment with the doctor and even known where exactly he would take his wife for treatment. It is surprising that even the Accident and Emergency unit is very slow to deal with patients that they had to wait for many hours at the reception. The receptionist seemed not to care at all about how worse Anna was getting. The doctor, who eventually saw her, had already formed an opinion of her before even the consultation process had started. The hard mentality view caused him not even to listen to what Paul was trying to explain to him. Unsatisfied with the entire system, Paul had to rush his wife to their general practitioner who directed them to another hospital. Later she was diagnosed with a stroke. During the consultation process, the doctor should try to listen as much as possible to the health care consumer because he/she has visited the doctor with concern. The doctor should also involve a nurse to help establish the case together. The doctor should find out the medical history of his/her client to ascertain whether the condition is repetitive, related or new. It is also proper that the doctor carry out tests if necessary, to confirm the
A careful analysis of American government reveals the operation of ideas that have been developed over time in the discipline of political science. Concepts like legitimacy, rule by law , and democracy , undoubtedly influenced the structure of American government. Ideologies during the Enlightenment period of the 17 th and 18 th in Europe also helped shape the early form of American government. Lastly, a number of experiences during and after the Declaration of Independence in 1776 firmly set the pace for political discourse as well as direction for American government. Proceeding paragraphs examine these influences, with the aim of outlining the foundations of American government. A fundamental and immediate influence, the European Enlightenment of the 17 th -18 th century coincided with the rise of the Union. John Locke, in his Second Treatise of Government , further refined the idea of government legitimacy and the natural rights of human beings. 1 Rousseau, as opposed to Thomas Hobbes, devised a more humanistic framework of legitimacy that deeply influenced American democracy. 2 Just as important as the Enlightenment philosophers, important English documents like the Magna Carta of 1215 and the Declaration of Right of 1628, provided templates for drafting the American Constitution. Their importance lies in the contribution they made to giving commoners a ‘voice’ in government and checking state power. 3 Indeed, the influences of the Enlightenment philosophers served to establish a uniquely American democratic heritage. Democracy is a form of government that gives power to the people. Indeed, its etymological roots reveal its nature. 4 Democracy, designed in the Constitution in 1787 as essentially representative, ensured that American governments drew their legitimacy from the will of the people rather that the more obscure ‘will of God’. 5 Fundamentally, the Declaration of Independence, drafted by representatives from thirteen initial states, showed the illegitimacy of King George III’s rule and simultaneously set out democratic values that would guide nation-building, that is, liberty, equality and justice. 6 Clearly, the desire for democracy was an important aspect in rejecting oppressive British rule and guiding discourse. Though the democratic theme recurrent in early American politics is central to the foundation of American government, the deliberations leading to the crafting of the American Constitution and Bill of Rights also influenced American political attitudes and policy making. 7 The debates between federalists and anti-federalists cultivated a political culture where everyone has a right to be heard and opinion mattered . 8 The document that resulted put into place a tradition of democracy, devolution of power and importance of public opinion. These influences helped shape an American government that seeks to heed public opinion, protect democracy and protect the American people from tyrannous rule. As has been seen in the importance attached to such instruments as the Gallup polls, American democracy is as alive today as it was during the Constitution Convention. Federali
Introduction The creation of a lesson plan is a crucial step. Teachers have to investigate their skills and introduce a project that they could develop in their classrooms. It is too challenging to address all types of domains when they start designing their lesson plans (Long et al. 2011). Teachers have to accept every lesson as a piece of a unit that should be introduced to students clearly and comprehensively in a certain period (Orlich et al. 2011). In the Appendix, a lesson plan is introduced. It is an example of how teachers could develop their lesson plans and ensure that they provide their students with opportunities for social interactions, decision-making processes, and integrating their knowledge (Slavin 2006). The lesson plan will be analyzed in terms of its structure and content peculiarities including the chosen subject and its appropriateness, duration, objectives and expectations, the offered environment, and learning activities. Main Aspects of Planning The lesson plan is introduced by Tatiana Canales for the students of 3-5 grades during the reading/writing classes. The theme of the lesson is “Character Feelings and Traits”. The author of the plan suggests using guided discovery strategies. With the help of guided-inquiry teaching, educators can provide students with the required portion of information and guide them during the whole working process, and students have enough opportunities to accept the offered information and go beyond looking for new answers and solving the existing problems. Structure The lesson plan has an essay form with several subheadings which identify the main components of the work that should be done. From the very beginning, the theme of the lesson, as well as the place, materials, activity time, and concepts that have to be taught are introduced. Besides, the peculiar feature of this plan is the attention to the lesson domains which the tutor tries to address and the methods which help to introduce and promote these domains. For example, it is mentioned that the cognitive domain is possible due to the connections which are developed between students while discussing their opinions and attitudes to the material offered. Each type of material offered to students is clearly explained in short sentences. Therefore, the reader gets an informative picture of what should be used and how the materials could help students and their teachers. For example, in this lesson plan, a video introduces the topic of feelings with a song and several images in it. Students can observe the information and listen to the material relying on personal feelings and emotions. At the same time, there is no certain linkage to other subjects. Besides, there is no information
Introduction The concept of software security has existed ever since the creation of the first software systems. Nowadays, computers have firewalls, antiviruses, ID recognition protocols, and other kinds of defenses used to secure important information and data from hackers. Yet at the same time, hacking activity only grew in the past decade, going from breaking into singular computers to targeting companies, banks, and political institutions. The most well-known hacking attacks of 2016-2017 include the spread of WannaCry virus, Cloudbleed, and the famous hacking attempt on Hillary Clinton’s campaign site, which revealed a great deal of compromising information about her and the Democratic Party. The aftermath of these attacks is devastating and has exposed many vulnerabilities of the current software establishment. In the last decade, with the growing penetration of Wi-Fi and the Internet into every facet of our lives, software vulnerabilities have increased tenfold. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a prophetic article about future software trends written in 2004, and determine how accurate those predictions were. Disappearance of Bloated Operating Systems This prediction proved to be false. While there are significant differences between Windows XP and Windows 10, in its core the OS remained the same. Integrated software products engineered by Microsoft do not compete very well with independent program software made by different companies. The Internet Explorer never saw popularity due to being outdated compared to other browsers, and it does not look like Microsoft Edge is doing much better (Klindt, 2015). The systems are still bloated with different software made by different developers, which makes security measures harder to implement. Evolution of Components and Objects The prediction about programming software using “building blocks” in order to create new software proved to be true (McGraw & Hoglund, 2004). In the last decade, numerous platforms and frameworks offered plenty of software components in order to help streamline and simplify program development. As a result, many enterprise applications have proven to share the same weaknesses, making them vulnerable to a cascade failure. This was proven in 2014 by Heartbleed and Shellshock crisis. Veracode’s analysis of 2015 indicates that on average, an enterprise-specific software has up to 24 vulnerabilities in its code (Veracode, 2015). Rise of Mobile Code The prediction that the mobile code would eventually become the new mainstream way of coding has proven to be true (McGraw & Hoglund, 2004). Android is now one of the most used operating systems in the world. It is adapted to both mobile and non-mobile applications, such as TV sets, gaming consoles, etc (Dunn, 2016). At the same time, the vulnerabilities of mobile platforms grow. The Android security breach by a virus named Check Point highlights how vulnerable the system really is (Newman, 2017). Normalization of Distributed Computation The use of distributed computation is considered the norm in the majority of t