ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Physics is the science that is concerned with the characterization and discovery of different universal laws that govern space, time, matter, forces, movement, and other features of nature. Various formulas and rules can explain the appearance of rainbows, the fall of an apple, the refraction of light, and many other phenomena. In sports games such as football, table tennis, basketball, and badminton, the laws of physics are also involved. Bowling is not an exception, and various factors may modify the motion of the ball. The purpose of this paper is to identify those forces that are involved in the activity of bowling, define them, and then provide an example of how inertia, impulse, work, kinetic energy, momentum, and friction apply to this game. Forces Involved in the Activity of Bowling Various forces are involved in the activity of bowling and may affect or change the movement of the ball. One such power is the contact one; when the ball is thrown, it becomes an unbalanced force and uses contact when reaching the pins to knock them down. Another force involved in bowling is gravitational; it comes from a lane’s crowns, depressions, and tilts, and influences the ball’s motion. The anatomical forces of the player are also a significant part of the game and have an effect on the ball’s movement and whether it reaches and knocks the pins. Finally, the force of distance is a critical factor that affects the game of bowling. The distance between the pins, the player’s position, and the point from which the ball is thrown defines its motion, speed, and final destination. Factors Affecting the Ball’s Movement Several factors may affect or change the ball’s movement. They include the initial axis of rotation, initial axis tilt, initial ball speed off of one’s hand, and initial rev-rate. These are the factors that may be controlled and adjusted by the player. The lane oil pattern, the friction factor of the lane surface, and the ball drilling layout are those factors that a person cannot control but has to take into account while throwing the ball. Inertia, Impulse, Work, Kinetic Energy, Momentum, and Friction   * Inertia is the force that keeps the object at rest or moving in a straight line and helps it to resist the changes in its motion. In bowling, the pins’ inertia at the end of the lane resists the inertia of the ball. Also, inertia stops the rolling down the lane ball to change its motion.   * Impulse is the integral of a force over the time interval for which it acts. In bowling, the ball hits the pins, and its impulse causes a change in its momentum.   * Work is the force that causes the movement or displacement of the object. When the player is sliding the ball forward to get it rolling, he or she uses the workforce.   * Kinetic energy is the energy in use or motion. The ball gets this power when the player pushes it away from his or her body. When t
This article is about the relationship between displayed emotions and organisational sales. It addresses emotions that employees display at the workplace, and the effects those emotions have on organisational sales. Sutton and Rafaeli provide that emotions that employees display at the workplace are caused by factors such as job characteristics, stress, compensation and/or relationship with supervisors. Furthermore, they provide a variety of forces that explain emotional variations that employees display within organisations. For instance, internal feelings of employees influence certain behaviours. This means that satisfied employees may show genuine smiles and laughter when they interact with customers or co-workers. On the other hand, dissatisfied employees may frown and grunt during such interactions. However, there are distinct differences between emotions that employees feel and that they display on the job. This is because employers expect employees to express emotions that contradict with their true feelings for the good of their organisation. Furthermore, the article provides different practices that organisations use to ensure that employees express pleasant emotions at workplace. Those practices include recruitment and selection, socialisation, rewards, and punishments. They are also called display rules. Organisations enforce display rules because they believe that displayed emotions operate as control moves. Moreover, this article provides that emotions displayed by employees influence consumers’ or colleagues’ behaviours. It also provides that expressed emotions can be the employees’ descriptors as well as the organisational attributes. Finally, the article provides a research study of 576 Convenience Stores to ascertain whether displayed employee emotions influence the customers’ buying behaviours. What Sutton and Rafaeli (1988) are trying to find out in their Study Sutton and Rafaeli (1988) are trying to find out the impact of expressed individual emotions on other people’s behaviours. They hypothesized that displayed emotions can act as “control moves” and can influence the reactions of customers towards the services that various organisations offer. Moreover, they are trying to investigate the relationship between employee expressed emotions and sales in retail stores. Furthermore, they are focused on studying the effects of two social amenities, greetings and thanking, and two forms of nonverbal behaviour, smiling and establishing eye contact, on customer behaviour and organisational sales. In addition, Sutton and Rafaeli are interested
Introduction The success of many social or cultural activities in society relies on effective policies made and on a proper management of the policies. By proper management of the policies, it is pertinent for government to be evaluative in terms of how such emergent policies affect a defined public, for example a sporting public. This paper will discuss how policies from administrative governments have affected free swimming within the UK. Factors that influence or necessitate the policies will be discussed; particular attention will be paid to the conservative government, in this regard. The machinery for evaluating, implementing as well as monitoring of the workability of governmental policies will be considered explicitly, using an evaluative approach. Relevant academic theories that have considered influence of governmental policies on society will be discussed in support of the topic in consideration. Factors That Have Influenced Free Swimming Policy within the UK A government policy may be said to be an emphasised approach to handling of a certain activity or certain activities either in the administration of a particular government or in the public sector of the government. In a democratic government, for a policy to be accepted, it must receive proper attention by passing through parliamentary or legislative governments, and it should receive the full approval of the executive. It can also be considered to be a commitment of the government by which the government can be accessed. Considering sporting, Free Swimming particularly, a policy can then be said to be a consistent commitment of government to ensuring achievements, public satisfaction, and a prospect for the element of society. In other words, a policy from a particular government may be defined as ‘we –the government – can be held accountably to this commitment’. However, very unfortunately, even though policies are meant to stand, they often collapse with the pass-away of administrations. A collapse of one such commitment to free swimming is noted by Dallah as follows: ‘The Government’s “ground-breaking” free swimming scheme for children and the elderly is to be scrapped as part of cost-saving measures ahead of the London 2012 Olympics. The scheme for the under-16s and over-60s was launched by the Labour Government in 2008 as a London Olympic legacy initiative’ (Dallah 7). In this brief quotation, Dallah has expressed a collapse of a policy. The consistency or collapse of policies meant to benefit society is resultant of factors. For free swimming within the United Kingdom, these factors include:   * Economical – this include situations where government can no longer fund for the policy; and   * Political – a shift in administration or inconsistence of responsibility by a particular administration may account for the annulment of a free swimming policy meant to benefit the public
Schaefer law firm Schaefer law firm LLC was established nearly 75 years ago. The company based in 1700, US Bank Plaza, 220 south, Sixth Street, is a privately-owned law firm headed by Lawrence P. Schaefer. The company has a total of seven attorneys specializing in different fields of law. The company has not opened other branches yet. The company does the hiring of various employees as and when the opportunity arises. The company specializes in consumer protection, employment discrimination and personal injury. The company deals with various personnel injury issues such as:   * Motor vehicle accidents   * Construction site accidents   * Farms accidents   * Pedestrian accidents   * Food poisoning Schaefer law firm also has other staff numbering four. There are two paralegals working for the company. The company also offers free initial consultation. Even though the company is excelling in a personal injury case, it faces other competitors in the market offering the same services. These competitors are Goldenberg and Johnson PLLC, Bradshaw and Bryant PLLC etc. The uniqueness of the company is that all the attorneys, including the managing partner Lawrence Schaefer, are all equal and work as equals. Bradshaw and Bryant law firm Bradshaw and Bryant PLLC is a privately-owned law firm situated at St. Cloud, MN. The company was founded in 1991 by its managing partner Michael Bryant. The company has a total of five attorneys specialized in different fields of law. The company also has a staff of 5 (five) other staff members. There are two paralegals in the firm. Although the firm is growing day by day, they have not yet expanded their open services to other cities of Minnesota. The firm does the hiring of staff wherever any vacancy arises. They do so by advertising on their website and local newspapers. Currently, there are no vacancies The firm is specialized in personal injury, which involves:   * Auto & Truck accidents   * Motorcycle accidents   * Train Accidents   * Pedestrian and bicycle accidents   * Traumatic brain injury   * Spinal cord injury   * Dog bites   * Burn injuries   * Dram shop claims The most exacting thing with Bradshaw and Bryant PLLC is that Michael Bryant was listed in Minnesota monthly as a regional trendsetter. Bryant was named Minnesota’s top 40 personal injury lawyers by Minnesota law and politics Magazine for the fourth in five years. Goldenberg and Johnson law firm Goldenberg and Johnson is a privately-owned law firm formed in 1986 by the managing partner Stuart Goldenberg. The firm has a total of 2 attorneys and other staff, numbering seven. There are three (3) paralegals. The firm is located in Minneapolis downtown. Although the c
Each person has ever encountered psychological problems. With help of various means of psychological assistance, the harmful effects of the problems suffered can melt away, yet the remaining will make those people suffer even more. Since the feeling of belonging to certain social groups and the need to correspond to this group has been one of the most important ones among people since times immemorial, the plausible problems and the possible ways to eliminate them have to be considered eventually. One of the first questions that come to one’s mind when thinking of psychology is the great number of various shapes that a single problem can take. Thus, the problem of silencing that one can think of when browsing through the book by Adler (2011) is much more than skin-deep. Rooting from people’s uncertainty in their own self and their fear to make a wrong step, the problem of silencing often grows further into the problem of self-identification. Losing the touch with him-/herself, a person can practically lose the touch with the entire world. Considering this aspect in his book, Adler emphasizes the necessity to break the wall of the social boycott which the one silenced is doomed to experience. Instead of helping the others build a wall of alienation from him-/herself, one has to do everything possible to break it. Incorporating all the possible means, one will necessarily find a person to cooperate with and fight the opponents decently. Compared to the method of Shield Wall, one has to do everything possible to resist the boycott. According to what James D. experienced, silencing is one of the most severe ordeals that a person can take: He endured insults and occasional brickbats tossed in his direction; he saw his mail mutilated and his locker vandalized. And hardly anyone, even a close friend who wept when he heard the silencing decision, would talk to him in public. Under those conditions, most cadets resign. (Adler 2011, 4) Indeed, according to what most psychologists claim, silencing is one of the hardest things that one can ever experience, and by far the most violent. Even a direct attack would not have caused the harm that the silencing tactics produced. Another aspect of interest that one can pick in the book by Adler is the issue of language barriers and the means to eliminate them. On the one hand, it seems quite natural that different languages presuppose differences in culture and the vision of the
Introduction Gifted education has significantly improved learning not only in highly able students, but also in regular students. In the last few years, several modern teaching methods have been developed and used in classrooms. Teaching methods such as project work, providing meaningful choices for students, self-directed learning, literature-based reading, and problem-based curriculum were developed to cater for gifted education. Empirical studies show that gifted children work well within a well-prepared learning environment. Thus, Montessori education is based on the concept of learning in a well-prepared environment. In this context, the learning environment should enable students to learn by exploring and engaging in different learning experiences. This research attempts to analyze the extent to which an authentic Montessori environment is compatible with the learning needs of gifted students in mathematics. In action research, data should be collected through triangulation. Teachers should maintain the highest quality standards in their research work due to the following reasons. First, teachers have an obligation to their students. This reason is based on the premise that children’s education is a sacred trust placed upon the educator. Hence, teachers should not expose children to the risk of poor performance by making decisions that are based on sloppy research. Second, teachers need to contribute to the body of knowledge. In this regard, teachers should produce quality research findings, which can be accepted by other educators. Third, high standards facilitates personal and collective efficacy. Concisely, personal and collective perceptions of efficacy can improve if the teacher understands his or her influence on educational outcomes. Teacher-made evaluations for regular and Montessori math curriculum can be summative or formative. Formative evaluations are essentially assessments, reviews, and observations that are administered continuously in a classroom. Formative evaluations help teachers to improve their instructional methods, as well as, students’ feedback during the learning process. Summative evaluations, on the other hand, are conducted at the end of the learning period in order to assess the effectiveness of instructional programs. Summative assessments help teachers to evaluate the competency of their students at the end of an instructional phase. Scoring rubrics are methods of illustrating evaluation criteria in the context of the expected students’ performance. They are external standards that facilitate objective assessment of students’ performance. Rubrics are commonly used to grade oral and written assignments. Table 1 summarizes the use of scoring rubrics. Table 1 Instructor preparation         Medium to high                                                                                                  Time                                                                                                                                           Preparing students             Done continuously
Murray’s views concerning the purposes of the education expressed in the book Real Education: Four Simple Truths for Bringing America’s Schools Back to Reality mostly coincide with the classical principles, which Plato described in Laws and The Republic . Having based the main propositions of his work on the categories of inherent abilities and education of Plato’s Philosophy, the contemporary American scientist adapted them to the present-day realities and used Plato’s ideas as axioms in his argumentation. Criticizing the present-day situation in American education, Murray (2008) concluded that the first of the four simple truths, which he introduced in his work, concerning the varying abilities of individuals, was distorted. The author noted that it led to the disruption of the whole system of education, which does not take into consideration the extent to which the students’ abilities can vary. Plato (2005) noted that “Each person has a single talent and single way of contributing towards the welfare of the whole community; he is to perform that function, and that function alone (without interfering in the domains of others), throughout his life” (p. 22). Murray did not deny this axiom of classical Philosophy but admitted that it should be properly interpreted. Murray (2008) state
The drastic change in the industrial sector across the United States led to the spanning of mechanization, specialization, and division of labor between 1820 and 1870 (Backer, n.d.). With the shift from manual operations to use of machines, the Americans turned their objectives to mass production and reduction of work to simple labor; this made them undisputed leader in global manufacturing. Factories and machines replaced home and hand production. Industrial Revolution went on to change the Americans’ views from small craft workers and independent farmers to workers in factories (Effects of the Industrial Revolution, n.d.). They were able to work successfully in big industries across the US. Expansions in the manufacturing process made the Americans to view themselves as having the ability to be autonomous in production. There emerged the middle class from the large factories that absorbed many Americans. The industries absorbed accountants, insurance agents, teachers, lawyers, and doctors (Brinkley, 2012). These categories of workers were entitled to monthly salaries, and not hourly wages. From this dimension, Americans changed their earlier views on living as working class. Before the Industrial Revolution, most Americans had their places of work within or close to their homes. Most women started working outside their homes. Those who could not send their children to schools due to inadequate funds rose to high earning levels, and, as a result, were able to do so. In addition, Industrial Revolution altered the tasks of families, as had been common in pre-industrial society. According to Brinkley (2012), the entire aspect made Americans to change the family economy since women could also secure light jobs in the industries. With the onset of mechanization, specialization, and division of labor, Americans viewed themselves as capable people who can drive their economy independently. The paid labor as opposed to family or home employment made families view themselves as independent units, which can take care of themselves. The Industrial Revolution led to the development of infrastructure; this opened the once inaccessible regions in America. Americans began to move beyond their boundaries to look for market and raw materials for use in their factories. Ot
From a personal perspective, Disney+ has all opportunities to unseat Netflix as the leader in video streaming. First of all, the contemporary development of the streaming service industry presupposes the attraction of customers through the brand’s reputation, quality of content, and consumer targeting. In relation to these aspects, The Walt Disney Company has several considerable advantages. It is a well-known international corporation with history and millions of lovers all over the world. It operates across four business units: media networks, studio entertainment, direct-to-consumer and international products, experiences, and parks. At the same time, in relation to streaming, Disney+ surpasses other companies and stands apart from them being an optimal solution in its industry as it provides a combination of modernity and classics, creating an unprecedentedly high quality of entertainment (Agnihotri & Bhattacharya, 2022). In other words, this platform offers a wide range of exclusive content, from timeless classical movies to the latest releases, with a combination of accessibility and options provided by digital media technologies. In addition, with operation in all four quadrants, Disney+ aims to target literally all population groups covering all major audience demographics. In contrast with Netflix, Disney+ releases more kids and family-friendly content. At the same time, Marvel’s superhero blockbusters and Star Wars-based series also attract and unite people from various backgrounds. In combination with a cost-efficient subscription, the platform’s materials make it highly desirable for consumers who prefer the most convenient type of entertainment for all family members. It goes without saying that Hastings and his team should consider the experience and competitive advantages of Disney+; however, responding to its development and entering a direct confrontation would be unreasonable. Since 2019, several entertainment conglomerates and technology giants will enter the streaming service space. In general, their strategies will presuppose the availability of predominantly exclusive content and comfortable conditions in relation to prices – thus, e