ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The case study conducted by Barsoux et al. (2007) examines the King Edgar Hospitals NHS Trust and the leadership improvements. The initial problem was that the hospitals suffered from frequent patients’ complaints, low ratings, lack of budget, and the absence of social services support (Barsoux et al., 2007). The problem was undressed through the implementation of the nurse-led discharge (NLD) project. As the outcome of this project, the Trust experienced a decline in the rating and the enhancement of financial problems. Thus, apart from the improvements in clients satisfaction, the NLD project did not bring any significant positive results. The current paper contains an investigation of the described case. The mission of the NLD project was to cope with the hospitals difficulties described above. One of the leadership’s mistakes was the ignoring of the medical staff’s view of the hospital. Physicians, as well as nurses, did not appreciate the necessity of extra workload. Besides, the head of the Trust wanted to increase the importance of nurses and give them more power. According to the plan, nurses had to control physicians in terms of charging the patients. The problem with this decision was that nurses had to take additional training and more tasks as well as scarify their responsibilities for patient care. Another problem was that the implementation of NLD required the hiring of new staff members and the increased pressure on the current ones. Additionally, the discharge system was not working smoothly from the very beginning and, thus, a lot of time was spent on the system’s adjustments. The existing financial difficulties also hindered the NLD, and the leadership of the Trust was better able to consider the lack of the budget. The new initiative required the requalification of nurses and the installation of new equipment and expenditures on increased salaries since the nurses had to work more hours, and the new personnel was to be employed. To sum up, the new leadership strategy was unsuccessful due to multiple reasons. Most importantly, the suggested program’s failure was in the overestimation of nurses capabilities and the attempt to give them more responsibilities than they could cope with. Finally, one could argue that it would be more beneficial to create such a system under which staff members are divided into teams headed by a leader. The head of these teams should assign tasks for personnel and control multidisciplinary collaboration bet
The article “What’s new in the Caribbean for 2022” written by Suri (2020) describes the revitalization of the Caribbean islands after the pandemic of COVID-19. Specifically, the author mentions that the infrastructure in the region is undergoing serious renovations and advancements to attract an even bigger number of visitors when the situation grows more stable. In 2020, the Caribbean travel industry experienced a devastating downturn, but in 2021, a substantial share of international travelers chose the region as their destination. The author specifies that Americans are not an exception; the reasons are the proximity of the islands and their relatively successful campaign against the pandemic. To delve deeper into the situation with the tourism advancements of the Caribbean, Suri provides specific data. According to the author, many visitors, primarily people from the U.S., were driven to the Caribbean as a pandemic travel destination because of its accessibility and reasonably successful reputation in managing Covid-19 (Suri, 2021). Though incoming visitations were severely impacted in 2020, the number of foreign tourists in 2021 was significantly more significant, at l
Introduction People with disabilities are an essential and valuable part of society, and they are a highly important minority group. However, there is a certain number of instances when caregivers of people with disabilities infringe and murder them. Such cases are becoming more and more apparent and prevalent due to the slow and gradual increase of attention to the issue. Therefore, it is important to illuminate the occurrences to raise the overall awareness and hold caregivers responsible. Social Protection Social protection and support for people with disabilities are some of the components of the state socio-economic program to improve the welfare of the population. Disability is one of the most acute social phenomena that no society can avoid. Each state, by its level of development, priorities, and opportunities, forms a social and economic policy to protect the rights and interests of persons with disabilities. A person with disabilities is a person with a persistent disorder of body functions caused by a disease, trauma, or congenital deficiency of mental or physical development, causing a limitation of its normal life and the need for additional social assistance and protection. The Murder of people with disabilities does not get the needed attention and coverage because there is not sufficient awareness of the issue. It is stated that from 2011 to 2015, 219 people were murdered by their caregivers, which means that statistically, it occurs almost every week (Perry, 2017). Currently, the assistance system for people with disabilities and their families is reoriented to take into account the individual needs of people, thereby updating the approach to organizing a social service system, taking into account the wide variety of aspects of the problem of limited opportunities. The changes in social assistance programs for people with disabilities and their families suggest a shift in the focus of activity from segregation to social inclusion, which increases the role of the family in the processes of rehabilitation and integration. The study of the situation of the family of a person with disabilities in the social structure of society and the possibilities of social mobility is a special section of the disability problem. For example, such occurrences can be observed during controversial events of promoting death among people with disabilities (Braye, 2017). Before revealing the essence of social and legal protection and support at the present stage, it is necessary to consider centuries-old traditions, that is, what preceded current social and legal legislation. Sociocultural Context Several sociocultural traditions can be noted in the interconnectedness of the phenomenon of disability, society, and the family. Among them, the tradition of disability analysis in terms of social security and social assistance stands out. This traditio
Trends in the Direct-Selling Industry The direct-selling industry is undergoing significant changes because of the shift to online marketing as a major trend over the past decade. The key pressure of this trend on the cosmetics-focused company Avon relates to the further development of its website Avon.com to integrate the company’s representatives into its functioning and attract more clients. For Avon, the challenge of moving from direct to online selling is related to the necessity of choosing an effective strategy for the growth of the company’s website, Avon.com, in terms of determining the role of representatives, selecting products, and promoting an online channel of distribution. While the trend toward providing retail services online may appear to be negatively affecting the direct-selling industry, it is at the same time offering cosmetics companies limitless opportunities to reach customers. PEST Analysis The political factors that influence Avon.com are associated with legal aspects, including the development of trade relations between the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries along with the adoption of statutes regulating e-commerce and protecting consumer rights. Trade and pricing regulations, as well as taxes related to trading and selling online, also affect the company’s activities. Economic aspects include changes in the buying capacity, foreign exchange rates, and labor costs. Social factors are related to changes in preferred ways of purchasing cosmetics, alterations in attitudes to cosmetics companies, and expectations for their products. Technological factors include interactive resources integrated into websites, digital marketing, and the spread of social media (see fig.1). Fig. 1. PEST analysis. Porter’s Five Forces According to Porter’s Five Forces, the threat of substitution for Avon products and the services accessible through Avon.com is high because of the availability of a range of substitute products of differing levels of quality and price. Services offered through Avon.com may also be available from retailers, other cosmetics companies, and beauty shops. The supplier power is low because Avon can choose among a variety of suppliers that want to cooperate with the company. The buyer power is medium to high because customers can select the particular items they wish to buy and specific websites to choose from for online buying. The threat of new entrants is medium to high because of barriers for cosmetics companies, but many new entrants are selling cosmetics online (Godes 7-9). Overall competition in the industry can be described as intense since Mary Kay, Eve.com, Sephora, L’Oreal, and Revlon also sell products online (see fig. 2). Fig. 2. Porter’s Five Forces. Financial Performance Avon’s direct-selling strategies and Avon.com are allowing the company to remain an industry leader and a strong competitor. In 2018, Avon gained a revenue of $5.5 billion, significantly higher than th
The healthcare law that was enacted this spring by the U.S. President Barrack Obama aimed at providing U.S citizens with medical cover. The law established universal medical services to all U.S. citizens and to be paid for by the federal government. The enactment of the law ends the need for private medical insurance in the country that will now provide supplementary medical coverage. The government would fund the national healthcare through taxation and other funds that would replace the health insurance premiums that were initially paid by the citizens. This paper examines the application of economic concepts such as law of demand supply, equilibrium and managerial decisions on this healthcare law. Managerial decision-making Every organization aims at maximizing the profit made by the organization. In order to maximize profits, the organization needs to minimize costs. According to Png and Lehman, the management of an organization has a duty to formulate policies and make decisions that would lead to the achievement of the set goals (36). Given that the business environment is dynamic, firm mangers usually rely on strategic decision making that involves making of decisions based on the strategies that would maximize the use of firm resources. Some of the strategic decisions made by an organization include decisions on cost minimization and effective utilization of firm resources. In order to minimize costs, the management ensures that the operational processes are efficient, cheap quality inputs are utilized efficiently while creating valuable products that satisfy consumer needs. Basing on the managerial decision-making, the federal government is similar to the management of organizations. It needs to ensure that all healthcare needs of U.S citizens are satisfied. Therefore, it sought to satisfy the healthcare needs by establishing the national healthcare act that would be funded through taxation. This decision to enact the act is optimal because the federal government would establish a healthy nation that would contribute to economic growth positively through increased production. Demand, supply and market equilibrium According to Png and Lehman, both buyers and sellers meet in a market in which there is the exchange of goods and services (121). Economic resources are usually in short supply while the needs that are to be fulfilled using the resources are usually indefinite. In addition, different people and regions are bestowed with different resources that satisfy different human needs. Due to different endowment of resources to countries and regions, some countries have a comparative advantage in the production of a given good or service over others. In addition, the differences in resources endowment have made countries and individuals within the country to be dependent on external economies hence; they would always demand the supply of given goods and services for the fulfillment of their needs. The law of demand posits that the demands for goods and services shrink as the prices of the goods/services incre
Legislation Comparison Bill Name John S. McCain Opioid Addiction Prevention Act. Bill Number: S. 724/H.R. 1614. Description The Senate bill sponsored by U.S. Representatives Thomas R. Suozzi and John Katko aims to decrease the prescribed drug supply to mitigate the ongoing opioid epidemic. In general, it is an amendment to the Controlled Substances Act that would add specific registration requirements for practitioners that prescribe medicines containing opioids. In the case of acute or temporary pain caused by injury, patients initially would be able to use opioids for no more than seven days (NACDS.org Staff, 2019). The Act would only limit the first opioid prescription concerning acute pain management. The bill does not influence the treatment of patients’ chronic pain. It also does not apply to end-of-life cases, alternative pain-management therapies, and individuals who have cancer. Legislative Intent Since health care professionals play the most crucial role in the crisis, the new regulation’s requirements allegedly eliminate the oversupply of prescription analgesics combating misuse and addiction threats. It also meets the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline to apply opioid pain killers in pain management for less than seven days. Proponents Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, in response to the bill’s critics, explained the initiative in her blog post. She highlighted that the proposed legislation would not cover the seven-day limit for end-of-life, cancer, and palliative care prescription of opioids. Doctors and other prescribers would also reserve their right to continue opioid treatment. Gillibrand (2019) added: “I fundamentally believe that all health care should be between doctors and patients, and this bill is not intended to interfere with these decisions but to ensure doctors prescribe opioids with a higher level of scrutiny, given their highly addictive and dangerous effects.” Steven C. Anderson, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS), backed the legislation enactment believing in its potential to reduce opioid abuse and addiction. In his opinion piece, Anderson (2019) described the role of the legislation as the safety mechanism that would help manage the use of opioids. However, he insisted on unlimited access to opioid prescriptions regarding end-of-life care, cancer, and chronic pain. Opponents Pharmaceutical companies that supply opioid drugs are the primary opponents in such cases. They usually play an ambivalent game by supporting drug control improvement and cautious prescription and simultaneously spending millions on lobbyists who combat measures and initiatives to limit the volume of drug prescriptions. For instance, the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network worked against the bill introduced by Rep. Ryan Williams to decrease the number of drug-addicted babies resulted from a 2001’s law enacted
Introduction While analyzing a poem written by Arthur Nortje, I would like to tell you a few words about the author’s life. So, Nortje was born in the early forties; he is famous South African poet. The poet is often classified as one of the most brilliant talents. Ann Langwadt says that “Nortje wrote about being coloured and the paradox of being neither African nor European, while simultaneously having ties to both worlds” (1). In my opinion, the poet was interested in the issues of national identity; that is why his racial identity was very important for him. They say Arthur Nortje can be the only South African. Grant Farred is of the opinion that “Securing an ideological space for coloureds within the ranks of the disenfranchised and crafting an artistic vocabulary that can engage the problematic of racial ambiguity and ambivalent political identification are two of the main issues in Arthur Nortje’s poetry” (57). Another important point I would like to highlight is Nortje’s attitude towards the relations between the person and the community. Thus, the poet is recognized to be the fighter for freedom and independence. The thesis statement In most cases the poet’s desire to fight for independence is mostly associated with the state or experience of alienation, and for this reason one can make a conclusion that Arthur Nortje, exactly, in exile. In Exile is a poem which is related to all people who live in this world. The body: the fundamentals of In Exile Farred is of the opinion that “In Nortje’s case, exile allowed him to reflect, ruminate, and compose with an intensity that was largely generative, only seldom enervating” (60). Of course, the poet realized how bad the feeling of alienation was, but thorough the feeling Nortje also understood all the constituents of colouredness. However, the issue which impressed me most is that the poet was an exile twice. He was an exile not only abroad, – in London and Toronto, but also at home. So, the only conclusion I can make is that loneliness was a natural state the poet experienced all the time. Exile from the first is recognized to be the confirmation of my opinion. The peculiar feature of the poet’s writing style is his ability to investigate an emotional disconnect. When Nortje came to Canada, he felt alone and experienced alienation. “This exile extended beyond a mere geographical dislocation; his poetry seems to explore an emotional disconnect – one of temperament and an inability to forge personal relationships that were lasting or meaningful” ( Poetry Pages 1). Arthur Nortje’s poem In Exile discloses the inner feelings of the poet. In spite of the fact that the author describes blue sky and wind-beautiful day, his feelings are mostly negative and gloomy. In my opinion, the poem reflects the author’s sense of loss he experienced earlier. He speaks about the emotions his soul and heart feel. Benign, a cloud obscures the sun, this hunger … are the lines, which are mostly associated with a poet’s past life and expectations, hopes and dreams. I suppose there is a sense of nostalgia, which one may feel in the lines. Thus, open skies, wind sweeps bet
Christian marriage has its roots from the Greco-Roman era. This marriage was based on heterosexuality and monogamy although divorce was allowed. Marriage is a religious rite of passage through which people within a religious community celebrate the significance of life. It acts as a medium of bringing individuals and groups together based on beliefs. Marriage usually involves different symbols and values such as bridal procession, giving away of the bride, exchanging rings, and making vows among many other aspects. Most Christian denominations consider marriage as a sacrament. In this case, marriage is a special way through which God intervenes in the lives of people (Bingham, 2010). First and foremost, marriage is a transitional ritual. It transforms an individual(s) from one status to the other. Marriage influences status change and proclaim it to the society. Therefore, marriage is a key societal component among the rites of passage. The beliefs of the society/group are affirmed, and unity is encouraged. In addition, there is teaching of good morals. Furthermore, marriage acts as identification means for believers in the society or group. For instance, married couples from a Catholic Church have a high likelihood of their children being baptized in the same church. This strengthens the beliefs and core values of that religious society (Bingham, 2010). The marriage ritual has changed rapidly over the centuries. From the ancient times, parents of both the bride and groom were the primary parties to the marriage covenant. According to the biblical times, marriage was a legal covenant between the parents of the bride and groom. Likewise, early Christian traditions held a similar notion. On the contrary, today, marriage is an independent legal agreement made between the couples themselves (Thomas, 2007). Furthermore, early marriage rituals embraced certain practices such as rice throwing, cake eating, wearing of white bridal dress amongst many others. However, some of the practices still persist to date, but in a different dimension. Traditionally, the white color symbolized innocence and youthfulness. Today, most of the marriage rituals embrace dressing of white gowns for brides. The traditional cakes were mainly made from wheat and grain alone, which symbolized fertility. On the other hand, the present wedding cakes are made of many ingredients and supplements. The most significant aspect of modern marriage rituals is the engagement rings. Engagement rings evolved from the traditional custom of ring exchange, which was meant to seal a crucial, legal agreement. Engagement rings are usually circular with no end symbolizing eternal love. The sudden and rapid change in marriage rituals has been attributed to different factors. One of
Abstract This research report discusses about the impact of age, department, tenure, gender and position on the samples drawn. The gender disparity and its impact on the job satisfaction, how male and female get satisfied with their job. This particular issue was deemed relevant due to its depth and impact on virtually all aspects of an organization. Introduction A survey was conducted to determine the influence of gender, position, age, department and tenure on job satisfaction. The survey consisted of similar questions on job satisfaction with response options. The participant answered by selecting a value on a seven-point scale. The answers are marked and merged, through a excel, into a personality profile which represents how strongly each of the basic desires features. This was handled anonymously. The results are presented in an easy to use graphics along with a comprehensive assessment report. The scales were formed by adding the values of the individual questions of the scales by giving equal weight to each question. All categorical items on workload and strain were transformed on a value range from 1 (least satisfied) to 7 (most satisfied). In this case, the questions had seven response options with value of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The scale value is computed as the simple average. Answer refusals or participants that answered less than half of the questions are considered missing. For the participants that answered at least half, the scale value was computed as the average of the answered questions. Chosen Variables The variables chosen were gender for qualitative variable and Extrinsic for your quantitative variable. Difference in variable types A qualitative variable sometimes-called predictor variable. It is varied and manipulated by a researcher. It is referred to as presumed cause of an event. It determines the value of other variables. It is manipulated to create an effect on other variable (Bhattacharya and Johnson, 1997).). Quantitative variables are the variables, which a researcher/experimenter measures after altering other variables which affect quantitative variable (Wierenga & Bruggen, 1998). This case is sufficient to understand the significance of both the quantitative and qualitative variables in a quantitative research methodology. The values of qualitative variables