ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Religion has always been an integral aspect of human society. It appeared at the dawn of civilization and helped people to accept some phenomena which could not be explained. The further evolution of society also promoted the development of this phenomenon which acquired new features and peculiarities. Furthermore, the creation of special places of great religious value became the main trend of human civilization as these sites helped people to relax, reconsider their life, and find peace and harmony. In these regards, one realizes the fact that the location and surroundings of a certain religious object play a crucial life in the creation of the needed atmosphere. This statement could be evidenced by the real-life example. Setting and surrounding Hsi Lai Temple is considered a very important religious building that is visited by thousands of people every year. At first gaze, it impresses a common person by its beauty and greatness. It is a mountain monastery in Puente Hills, California. This great Buddhist temple lies on the picturesque hills, and it is taken as part of the surrounding scenery. Moreover, one could admit the perfect balance between the peculiarities of the local landscape and the architectural style of the building. This fact conditions the great beauty of the given ensemble and improves the image of the temple. Inside it also looks perfect. Being decorated in traditional Buddhist style, it impresses any visitor and makes him/her enjoy its beauty. Ritual acts Hsi Lai Temple could also be considered as the important religious center which is visited by numerous adheres of Buddhism, who come from the region and even from other countries. That is why one could easily admit several people who seek solitude and pray their God. They might enjoy the beauty of the building, stand calm trying to find some answers, or participate in various activities. Numerous prayer services are held on Saturdays. They attract Buddhists and tourists who want to discover the peculiarities of the given religion. However, both common people and followers of the given religion are calm and relaxed as the atmosphere of the given place impacts them. Feelings Nevertheless, speaking about the atmosphere, it is vital to admit the feeling of peace and serenity which seizes a person. Several important aspects condition the appearance of the given feelings. First, it is the smell of incenses. One could feel it and experience its influence. It helps a person to relax and forget the nagging problems and troubles. Additionally, the sound also has a soothing effect. There are no loud noises or any other unpleasant stressors. A person might enjoy calmness and silence. Finally, numerous Buddhist statues and motifs complete the temples image and contribute to the creation of a special mystical atmosphere that influences a person and makes him/her believe in the great religious value of the given site. Demography Furthermore, the given atmosphere and the image of the given temple attracts many people. They could be considered representatives of various social groups as their clothes cou
Immigration has remained a major human phenomenon for centuries. People have always moved from one region to another in an effort to transform their experiences or escape foreseeable challenges. Canada’s immigration history has resulted in diverse cultural groups that continue to reshape and inform the decisions different citizens make. This discussion gives a personal perspective and outlines the insights on immigration and ethnicity gained in the Canadian context. Immigration and Ethnicity New Perspectives The completed class readings have presented diverse ideas regarding the position of immigrants in Canada. Firstly, I have realized that majority of these individuals encounter diverse challenges or obstacles when pursuing new opportunities. For instance, some job openings tend to be available to the dominant majority. Immigrants with additional skills might take long before being recognized (Statistics Canada, n.d.). Many people who have appreciated this reality take it into consideration when following their career and economic objectives. Secondly, racial stereotyping remains a common issue in North America. In Canada, many citizens view the Japanese, Arabs, Jews, and African Americans negatively. This mindset has created a scenario whereby majority of the people find it hard to be involved in various social functions (Historica Canada, n.d.). Consequently, members of these racia
The crisis in the world created the situation, when people do not really trust banks, but still are not encouraged to keep their money at home. Money must be the source of income and the problem appears for most people which companies may still be relied in the current crisis situation and which company to invest with money with the aim to receive the highest income and not to be mistaken in the choice. The careful analysis may decide the problem. Starting with the investigation it was found that BusinessWeek had published “The 50 Most Innovative Companies’ and coming out of the investigation and numbers of the stocks and returns the conclusions will be provided which firms are best for investments. Companies for investment Apple Company deals with computers and according to the BusinessWeek report since the previous year remains on the first place in the rate of the journal (“The 50 Most Innovative Companies”). The company may be invested as coming out of the company’s rates, which are introduced, the stock returns in 2008 increased in 5.9 %, in comparison with 2008. Moreover, both revenue and margin growth increased in 30.4% and 15.8% relevantly (“The 50 Most Innovative Companies”). It should be mentioned that margin growth is harder to achieve than revenue growth, so the rates of the company are promising, taking into account that the volume of the products is in constant growth since may 2009 (“Stock charts for Apple Inc”). The profit from the investment in three year will be 30.4% (“BusinessWeek 50 Scoreboard”). Computer games and software became popular with the increase of the innovative technologies widespread and their usage personally. Nintendo Company is specialized in video computer games, which are of a great demand now. Supporting the choice of the current company for investment by stock and revenue numbers, the company’s stock returns increased in 36.7%, revenue grows is 61.1% and margin growth is 20.6% (“The 50 Most Innovative Companies”). The stock volume is on the low level now, about 30 (“Stock charts for Nintendo”), but it is connected with the crisis in the world and the additional investment may support the company and increase it. The other company, which may be invested, is LG Electronics , South Korea. The stock returns of the company reduced in 5.0%, but at the same time revenue increased in 9.6% and margin growth is 17.0% (“The 50 Most Innovative
Introduction The following essay is about the end stage renal disease prevalence among the elderly African American patients. The essay discusses the implications of the research on policies that may affect organisation. The Population The population targeted by this research is the elderly African American patients who suffer from the End Stage Renal Disease. There are more than five hundred thousand people working in the United States suffering from this condition where one third of the population is African Americans (United States Renal Data System, 2006). Statistics have shown that the relative rate of End Stage Renal Disease is 3.6 times higher for the African Americans compared to the white population (United States Renal Data System, 2006). This data is imperative as it signifies the need to address the problem of end stage renal disease among the elderly African Americans suffering from this condition who have limited access to medical facilities (Koresh, 2007). Behavioural Dimensions of the Disease The End Stage Renal Disease involves failure of kidney’s ability to filter waste and fluids from the blood in the body (Jamerson, 2005). Several causes of the disease are suggested where the first one is diabetes, which is caused by high level of sugar in the blood, a condition that leads to renal failure. High sugar intake resulting to diabetes is an etymology of the disease (Crook, 1999). The end stage renal disease manifests through acute headache, prolonged thirst, reduced or no urine. It also includes slowed body growth in children and bone damage among adults. Its symptoms include fatigue, lethargy and general body weakness (Crook 2002). Psychosocial Dimension of ESRD This psychosocial aspect refers to the nature of the disease as well as other persons who are affected. It relates to the care and nursing attributes, which either inhibit the disease or accelerate the individual’s kidney condition such that it reaches stage five (Wilson, 1987). The psychosocial factor may involve lack of care or medical follow up. Among the African American patients who do not have nephrologists, family members assist them with dialysis and in monitoring the progress to improve the condition. This support is common in the African American community than in the white community and provides emotional as well as social support that is required for survival (Massey, 2004). The sense of community is more prevalent in the African American society compared to the whites. Since kidney failure is traumatic, most of the patients suffer psychologically and it may increase mortality rate if they do not receive social support. The dialysis reduces social interaction and movement of the patient. Therefore, without social support the patient is likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorders such as nightmares and sleeping disturbances (Levy, 1983). Environmental Dimension Individuals who live alone are at higher exposure of mortality because social support may be lacking despite the fact that it is necessary for people suffering from End Stage Renal Disease (Robert, 1998). This may ex
Introduction A university is a place where students gain extensive knowledge in their fields of study. This knowledge is gained not only from the day-to-day lectures that students attend but also from personal research. Indeed, the academic essay is one of the assignments that university students undertake and tests the depth of their knowledge in the respective subjects. Writing the academic may be considered an easy to a few students but a challenging task to the majority. Just what exactly do lecturers and tutors expect from their students’ essays? Body A high-quality essay is free from grammatical errors, typographical errors and spelling mistakes (Virgo 2005). This requires students to have strong writing and English language skills which can enable them to construct the proper sentences, and use the most appropriate words. In today’s era of computers and information and technology, producing a grammatical-error-free essay has been made easy. A number of software programs such as the Microsoft Word Suite have tools that enable users to detect errors in grammar, typography and spelling and to make the necessary changes. Grammatical errors can also be avoided through thorough proofreading once the student has finished writing the paper. It is also advisable for students to give their papers to their peers who can go through them and make the necessary comments. At the university level, lecturers do not expect students to produce essays that are full of grammatical errors. A high-quality essay is original in nature and does not plagiarize. Plagiarism refers to the use of another writer’s words or work without giving him/her credit (Lathrop & Foss 2000). It involves direct copying of words and phrases or paraphrasing without citing the source of the text. Plagiarism is considered to be a serious offense in most academic institutions of higher learning and students who are caught plagiarizing are often heavily punished and sometimes even expelled from their universities. In order to avoid plagiarism, lecturers expect their students to properly cite the sources of their work. This applies to cases in which students have borrowed direct texts and in cases where they have paraphrased. In cases where direct texts are used, students should enclose them in quotation marks followed by the sources where they were borrowed. Quotation marks indicate that the t
Introduction This audit report of numerous components of packaging of a pharmaceutical product X is targeted at ensuring that the medicine arrives safely in Ireland’s manufacturing company where the drugs are then repackaged and distributed to hospitals, pharmacies and patients via the wholesale subsidiary in Ireland. Packaging of drugs and related items refers to the combination of distinct elements like bottle, closure, vial, blister and ampoule among others, which surround the pharmaceutical manufactured goods from the time they are produced until the time they are used up (FDA, 2004). The system of value guarantee for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical goods should make sure the preparations are made for the manufacture, distribution and use of the right preliminary and packaging materials. The main aim of this audit report is to develop an audit plan and a checklist for the audit which comprises
A contract refers to a promise, an agreement or commitment of two or more different people in a condition where failure of one party may lead to law enforcement. These promises are what defines duration and rights to the parties involved. When both parties disagree on either areas of their concern or they break the terms and clauses in their contract form then the court intervenes and comes up with a clear decision to avoid fraudulent activities. Therefore, incase one party breaches the contract the other can decide to take legal actions to be compensated. The following scenario concerns different parties undergoing a lease contract with some different terms to be met (David 2008). In this case, Christie and Angelo have a contractual relationship in which the two have entered into a leasing contract. The leasing contract for onsite caravan costs $150 weekly rental amount. Angelo has decided to increase the amount to $200m due to complain from Christie who is considering leaving for another caravan charging $170; the two have negotiated and orally agreed $175. The issue of concern is that the amount Angelo is claiming is written in the contract unlike the negotiated contract for $175 which was made verbally. Additionally, Christie is claiming for his rights also as outlined in the contract in which silence is supposed to be observed. The consent of contract and invalidating conditions have to be considered in this case since Angelo did not disclose early on the amount that Christie will pay to allow Christie to move to the other caravan. The Ford motor co. vs. AUEFW case (1969) which was based on negotiation to make an agreement in which it was held that Ford could not take legal actions against the defendant trader if it was known that the defendant did not allow for negotiation to take place. Additionally, according to the case of Scammel vs. Ouston case (1941), states that Ouston ordered a van from Scammel on understanding the balance on payment of the purchase price could be paid on hire purchase term over two years. Scammel used a number of different hire purchase terms and the specific time of his agreement with Ouston was never actually fixed. When Scammel failed to deliver the van, Ouston sued for breach of contract. It was held that the action failed on the basis that no contract could be established due to the uncertainty of the terms, no specific hire purchase terms had been identified (Taylor 2009). This contract lacks clear form of presentation since it is made in both writing and verbally hence leading to confusion to Christie. There is a lot of misrepresentation in this case, whereby agreements are made but not adhered to negligently in order to fraud the other party. A well agreed contract need
Summary of the Article The article by Rosabeth Moss Kanter, “From Spare Change to Real Change: The Social Sector as Beta Site for Business Innovation,” describes the role of private-public partnership in promoting profitable and sustainable innovations in various sectors. Kanter argues that a partnership between the public interest and the private enterprise forms a new paradigm for it determines profitability and sustainability of innovations (124). The article identifies the problem of the study as the lack of private-public partnership in the development of innovations, which have meaningful and lasting impacts on social challenges that communities and individuals face. The analysis of the way companies undertake corporate social responsibility shows that they do not consider social factors. Kanter explains that although public schools in America have participated in over 200,000 business partnerships, substantial changes have not occurred because corporate social responsibility focuses on superficial changes and does not engage actively in effecting changes. In essence, changes brought about by traditional corporate social responsibility constitute a spare change. Thus, the article suggests that America needs corporate social innovation to attain a real change that is institutionalized, replicable, sustainable, and influential. In demonstrating the essence of real change, the article employed previous research and case studies, which support corporate social responsibility. The article entitled “Why America Needs Corporate Social Innovation” argues that corporate philanthropy does not address fundamental challenges in the education system because it does not address root problems, covers only a limited scope, and provides spare resources (Kanter 124). In this view, corporate social innovation is necessary to ensure that corporate philanthropy has a considerable impact on the education system. In 1991, Bell Atlantic employed corporate social innovation in promoting technology by not only installing computers in schools but also donating other computers for students and teachers to use while at home. Subsequently, in 1994, IBM revolutionized an educational program in more than 21 states and 4 countries because it created tools and applications that enabled interaction of teachers, students, and parents while improving the performance of learners. Moreover, in 1991, Marriot created a welfare-to-work program, which trains welfare recipients in over 13 cities in the United States and employs them to gain independence. In 1990, Bank Boston initiated First Community Bank to provide financial services that target minorities, and it has demonstrated a great success. Based on these case studies, the article states that a clear business agenda, commitment, investment, user community basis, links to community organizations, and sustainability are key characteristics of effective private-public partnerships. Critical Evaluation The problem statement of the article is clear since it argues th
Introduction The fields of sociology, law and economics have had many contributions from renowned people of the ancient and modern era. This has led to many scholars advocating for increased attention on the intersection of these disciplines forming what is commonly known as the economic sociology of law. Amongst the ancient contributors is the great sociologist and political economist known as Karl Emil Maximilian or “Max” Weber (Roth 2). Max Weber made great contributions in the discipline of sociology where he profoundly influenced the issues of rationalism and disenchantment in the face of modernity as well as capitalism. His works were much diversified such that even after the First World War he was one of the founders of the German Democratic Party which was a liberal party formed to fight for the rights of the Germans. All these incorporated with other works are what made him alongside other sociologists such as Emile Durkheim to be named as the principal developers of modern social science. This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of the life and works of Max Weber with emphasis of the main three works on Economic history, theory of bureaucracy and politics as a vocation. It also provides a biography and an introduction to the works of Max Weber alongside his main contributions to the field of sociology. The Biography of Max Weber Born in Erfurt- Germany in the year 1864 Karl Emil Maximilian or “Max” Weber was the eldest child of Max Weber’s Sr. seven children. Max Weber was privileged to grow up in an intellectual environment since his father was a prominent civil servant while his mother held strong morals for her children. This is what influenced him together with one of his younger brothers Alfred who is also a great economist and sociologists to be great intellectuals. For instance, he at one time presented two written essays one on ‘The course of German History’ and another on ‘The Roman Imperial Constantine to the migration of nations’ to his parents as Christmas gifts. This was a clear indication that this child had great idea which when well nurtured would make him a great intellectual in the society and the whole world at large. His career began in the year 1882 when he enrolled for a law course in the University of Heidelberg but thereafter left the military for the Univ
Introduction Given the current position and the management problems in Cumnor Ice Cream Ltd, the company has sought to solve the major problems, challenges, and issues facing it. The key issues are found in marketing, operations, human resources, and the finance departments. The report seeks to explore these challenges and offer the appropriate recommendations that would assist the company. Two significant developments in the macro external business environment that influence demand for ice cream Social cultural developments: Demand of ice cream is influenced by the social cultural factors which are part of the macro external business environment. The purchasing behavior, attitudes, and perception are based on social cultural factors. Consumers have become health conscious prompting them to acquire low calorie foods (Lancaster n.d). This attitude has been passed on from people through social media and other channels. For example, Cumnor Ice Cream ltd consumers especially the schools and the hospitals have threatened to stop consuming the ice cream that has high calorie and sugar content. People are conditioned for having certain products based on the attitudes and beliefs (Lancaster n.d). These determine and influence the demand of ice cream and are all related to the social cultural factors. Rise in cost of production: As a result of the 2007-2008 market financial crises in the world and inflation, the cost of production has increased. This has been as a result of the increase in supply prices as well as the cost of fuel (Nieuwenhuizen Rossouw & Badenhorst 2008, p.22). This has reduced the quantity demanded for ice cream because of its increased prices. Key marketing issues at Cumnor Ice Cream Ltd and recommendations Sales productivity: Based on the case study of Cumnor Ice Cream Ltd, the company lacks a well planned selling and marketing department that would foresee product development, brand positioning, segmentation, and targeting. This can be realised through the establishment of a well sales and marketing department with employees that would foresee the establishment of brand image, target, segments, and position. Has no established marketing mix: Cumnor Ice Cream Ltd is lacking a well established marketing mix. For instance, it does not apply the 4ps well in its day to day operations. To gain a proper market share in the ice cream industry, the company has to establish a unique marketing mix. It has to formulate and designed an executable marketing mix based on the 4ps. The 4ps are product, price, place, and promotion (Dogra & Ghuman 2010, p.80) and discussed below Price: Cumnor Ice Cream Ltd needs to develop a pricing strategy that would compete favorably with other compe