ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary The people living in the hilly district of Gorkha are full of expectations this year. A challenge sponsored by Engineers without Borders is focusing on the plight of the communities living on these hilltops. The activities of this group are concentrated on Sandikhola village, which was selected as the representative community in the region. As an organisation, Engineers without Borders intends to help the people living in this village to find sustainable solutions for the problems that affect them. The group acknowledges that waste management is one of the greatest problems affecting the people of Sandikhola. The waste directly impacts on the wellbeing of the communities living in the village, especially with regards to health. The realisation has seen a number of non-governmental organisations initiate projects in the area to empower the community on ways to create a sustainable waste management system. Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH) is one such NGO operating in Sandikhola village. The group realised that in order to have lasting solutions concerning waste management in the area, it is important to involve the people who are to benefit from the project. For this reason, the group embarked on a research and a number of discussions with EWB to come up with the best design to address the problem of waste management in the area. The design to be adopted was meant to meet the criteria formulated. Following a series of evaluations and calculations, NEWAH came up with the final design that narrowed down to solid waste. The system was viewed as the most suitable for the problem affecting the people of Nepal since it combines four different waste management solutions. That is why it is named the 4S method. It is important to ensure that the system is supported by a well-designed education program for the local people. The success of the design depends on the effectiveness of the education program. The project is aimed at improving the lives of the people of Sandikhola, Gorkha district. It is also aimed at helping the people of Nepal at large. Through better waste management solutions, the residents of Sandikhola will be in a position to change their lifestyle in order to reduce waste. Introduction Nepal is one of the developing countries in the world. As
Introduction There is no doubt that intercultural differences shape people’s attitudes to almost every aspect of life, including business activities. Understanding the details of culture-based business values remains critical for intercultural collaboration. This post discusses business values in Northern European countries and related stereotypes. Northern Europe is often listed among the wealthiest regions in the world, and the factor of economic prosperity significantly impacts the popularity of different views on business. The countries of the region do not belong to the most densely populated places in the world, which contributes to the prevalence of individualistic values (Wu & Zheng, 2016). For instance, in contrast to Japanese workers, employees in Northern Europe prefer keeping their office doors closed to avoid distractions at work (Gannon & Pillai, 2016). The business culture of Nordic countries possesses a variety of unique characteristics, including positive perceptions of flat organizational structures, in which employees are supervised directly, and decreased gender-based barriers to career progression (Wu & Zheng, 2016). Apart from that, business people in Northern European countries are believed to prefer leadership styles that require leaders to consult with subordinates before making any significant decisions (Chan & Du-Babcock, 2019). Therefore, despite differences between particular countries, the Northern European style of business leadership involves strong links between different levels of power. Main body Many researchers tend to associate the success of financial development with the principles of leadership and business priorities. Thus, the fact that all Northern European countries have relatively low power distance and gender inequality indexes is related to Nordic companies’ “outstanding risk management capability” and makes the Nordic approach to business a model to emulate (Wu & Zheng, 2016, p. 280). Businesspeople in the region are believed to prefer egalitarianism over stiff hierarchies, and some authors associate it with many factors, including their departure from Catholicism in the past (Meyer, 2015). According to Meyer (2015), in contrast to Protestantism popular in Northern Europe, Catholicism presents a kind of a hierarchy, in which believers are supposed to speak to God through the ministers of religion, and it can have implications for people’s preferred leadership styles. Sometimes, however, the mentioned values associated with partnership relations with people from Northern Europe are regarded as stereotypical. For instance, analyz
Food court is a common area within a building, facility or a premise situated adjacent to counters consisting of a number of vendors located at food stalls from where customers orders their food (Milshtein, 1999, p.12). The meals are ordered from any of the vendors after which the ordered samples are taken to a common dining area for the respective customers. The food court outlet serves as a very important icon as it offers different samples of fast food to the customers located in a locality. The availability of diverse samples allows the customers to sample their different favorite food stuffs and eat them in the same area. Some food court outlets have a variety of food stuffs they offer to customers while others offers a limited range of food stuffs. In addition, there is other food court which offers same commodity throughout to the customers. They only offer a specific product to their customers (Beach, 2000, p.22-23). This is the case with the food court outlet in question. The court is scheduled to specialize with dishes made from potatoes only. The design therefore will capitalize on fried potatoes a variety widely preferred than the baked or boiled potatoes. The design itself The food court outlet will specialize with the sale of fried potatoes, a fast food which is immensely purchased by the customers from the area. This is notable from the idea that, kiosk sellers are currently experiencing an explosion sale of similar commodities the court is planning to start. The design should be charismatically planned to cater for all the customers’ needs (Johnson, 1997.p32). The size The size of the food court outlet should be 50 square meters. This is a very economical space as it will accommodate all the customers from the locality. In addition, the space will not only accommodate the customers but also the equipments and the employees of the food court as well as catering for future expansion. Indeed, according to the buying power of the customers and the quest for other products, the court will expand in future. Planning the physical space Function For a food court outlet to be successful and work without confines and distractions, the physical space should be an issue of consideration. This concerns the functionality of the food court outlet. Accordi
Introduction There were some changes in Apple Incorporated workplaces with the aim of improving working conditions for its employees. These changes were implemented to ensure that there was maximum utilization of man power and other equipment towards achievements of organizational goals. Changes in the workplace were triggered by the need for effective workmanship aimed at providing enough products for consumers in the market. This came up due to increasing demand of Apple computers in the world markets. This demand was instigated by the need to have machines that can share and access digital videos. Technological advancement in the world today has caused many firms to develop strategies aimed at protecting their market (Schermerhorn, 2005). For instance, people have been forced to adapt various methods of communication where they can have live chats and video calls. These needs have caused many companies to change their setups with the aim of reaching their customers effectively. Apple Incorporated changed its workplace set up and rules with the aim of ensuring that customers are given first priority in everything the organization does. These changes included scheduling of employees to make sure that there is continuity in production. This means that duties were arranged in a way such that work stations will be occupied at all times. Some employees were required to report to their duties at night with others manning them during daytime. Work was arranged exceptionally well so that every expert was allocated a given work to ensure that time is not wasted. In many cases, employees end up being underutilized in situations where they overcrowd at work stations. Some tasks can be attended to by one technician at a time hence in cases where employees gather around work stations, a lot of manpower is wasted (Dubrin, 2012). Apple Incorporated, therefore, developed a strategy to ensure that all employees work from individual work stations hence utilizing time and manpower to the maximum. As a result, this enhances productivity in work places because all employees meet their set targets. Literature Review Apple Incorporated works hard to ensure that employee rights are respected in order to enhance proper working relations among them. The management came up with an extremely vigorous program of addressing different needs of workers throughout their industries. This was aimed at ensuring that employees received maximum attention from the management. This included problem solving hence makes them develop trust which promotes working relationships. These changes were adapted following incidences where employees could complain that they are being victimize
There are numerous logical fallacies that make arguments presented in a text or a speech. Some of these fallacies are the appeal to authority, anecdotal evidence, hasty generalization, and the slippery slope. The present essay focuses on the fallacy of emotional appeal that is characterized by an attempt of an author, speaker, or debater to persuade the audience by provoking their emotional reaction. This type of fallacies that could easily be found in social media, commercials, newspapers, and speeches of politicians. Emotions are an indispensable component of every person’s trait of character and life. In some cases, emotions could affect a person’s decisions, reactions, and behavior. However, emotions should be eliminated when it comes to arguments and judgments on a specific issue (Pirie, 2015). The Scottish Enlightenment philosopher David Hume wrote that passion, i.e., emotions, is the reason why we act, whereas reason directs these actions (Pirie, 2015). Nonetheless, the application of an emotional appeal is an easy way to intimidate or motivate the audience. An illustrative example of the fallacy of emotional appeal could be noted in Leonardo DiCaprio’s speech in the UN General Assembly during the opening of the Climate Summit in 2014. During the three minutes of the speech, the UN Messenger of Peace commits several emotional appeal fallacies. In most cases, during this performance, DiCaprio does not use proven facts or statistics to affirm the argument. Instead, he appeals to the emotions of the UN’s delegates and the general audience. The first example of emotional appeal could be noted in the first minute of the speech. More precisely, DiCaprio says that “we all know better than that now every week we are seeing new and undeniable climate events” (United Nations, 2014, 1:01-1:14). The reason why this phrase could be considered a fallacy is that he says that people know better that something is going on. This way, he manipulates the audience and makes it possible for it to retort that his argument is not true. If a person claims that he does not know what everyone else knows better, he will look silly. The second example is illustrated by the phrase “you can make history, or you will be vilified by it” (United Nations, 2014, 2:04-2:08). The word vilified has a strong emotional coloring, and it is used to threaten the audience. Another illustration of the fallacy of emotional appeal is the quote “the time to answer humankind’s greatest challenge is now” followed with the sentence “we beg of you to face it with courage and honesty” (United Nations, 2014, 3:35-3:44). As for the first phrase, humanity faces a lot of challenges, including poverty, famine, wars, and pandemics of various diseases. Therefore, it is an exaggeration to call climate change the greatest problem faced by humankind. In the second phrase, it is not clear who are “we” but the fact that “they” beg people to fight climate change makes it immensely emotional. To conclude, the speech of Leonardo DiCaprio on climate change could be characterized as populistic and based on the appeal to the audience’s em
Human Relationship with Nature Attaining sustainability is the optimal way of humanity’s long-term development. In fact, it may be the only one, as achieving a natural balance may eventually become a matter of survival for the humankind. To enable this outcome, the very nature of the relationship between people and their planet needs to change. More specifically, respect should become the central pillar of this relationship. This includes the respect of nature as something that had existed long before the dawn of humanity, as well as something that needs to stay for millennia ahead. Eventually, people will understand that the current one-sided approach, resulting in the planet resource exploitation, is arrogant, devoid of respect. In a sustainable future, this problem will cease to exist, allowing humanity to reach the balance. Earth’s Biodiversity and Ecosystems A sustainable future will have an effect on the planet in many ways, and the Earth’s biodiversity is one of them. At present, this parameter sees major hazards that are caused by the humanity’s exploitation of nature. The concept of biodiversity refers to the presence of various complex ecosystems that have undergone their natural development. Today, they remain threatened by pollution and exhaustion of resources. In a sustainable future, the biodiversity goals described by Diaz et al. (2020) will be completed. The first step toward this outcome will be reversing the process, which currently sees a negative trends with the number of species declining year after year. While the reversion is now set at 2050, it is imperative to achieve positive results as early as possible. Agricultural Production Agriculture has been the cornerstone of human civilization since its dawn. Ever since people mastered the first primitive tools, agricultural products have sustained their entire existence. As centuries went by, these practices became more sophisticated along with the progress. Furthermore, the exponential growth of the Earth’s population led to the expansion of agricultural production. Forests and endemics are destroyed to free more land, so the soil fertility is attained through quantity rather than quality (Bilali & Allahyari, 2018). In a sustainable future, environmentally harmful activities will be reduced to a minimum, as agricultural production currently accounts for a major part of the carbon footprint. The soil fertility will be increased through natural, harmless
Introduction The success of any business venture majorly depends on the accuracy of inferences made from pieces of information obtained as a result of carrying out an effective marketing research. Informed decision making on marketing issues hence depends on the objectivity of the research and the general information generating procedures. This essay seeks to point out the suitability of certain research methods in relation to the areas or fields of specialization rather. With a sharp focus on two diverse educational institutions, I will be able to point out the specific data collection and analysis procedures then touch on their suitability with respect to achieving the desired results. Full consideration of the prevailing factors such as data availability, the urgency with which the report is needed and the financial implications of the various methods of carrying out market research will also be taken into account. Boasting of a twenty year experience in online education and various convenient academic programs which include evening classes, flexible scheduling, continuous enrolments and a university wide academic social networking just to mention a few, the university of Phoenix would seek to employ a totally different approach to marketing research compared to their counterparts at the university of Maryland who boast of a good track record in academic excellence and being one of the fastest growing universities in the world. It is hence important to note that by virtue of the different student groups being targeted by the institutions, in a case where they were competing to boost their student population, the different circumstances which they find themselves in would force them to take different courses of action. Since the University of Phoenix seeks to encourage adult education and has hence come up with flexible programs to enable the working population advance their education levels and careers respectively, this would hence define their market category. After identifying and sampling this market category, to effectively reach out and attract the attention of this group of individuals, it is important that the exploratory researc
You got that blue eyes from your father and that hair color from your mother but what about your singing or basketball skills? What about your good grades throughout the school? Did you learn that through practices or through some tutor or was it just there in you genes? This question as to what made us has been a major controversy throughout. The idea that our genes determine our personality is known as nature and the idea that the environmental factors are behind our development is known as nurture. Hence, nature vs. nurture controversy is still not solved as to what percentage each contributes to our development but one thing is quite obvious, that each play a vital role. If genes determines who are traits then the environmental or social factor moulds it. But the question here is that apart from the eye color or height trait present in genes, features such as intelligence, aggression, sexual orientation and more are also present in the genes. Hence, the debate goes on. For instance, we see the different behavior of an animal child and a human child. What is behind these actions? Is it all inborn that they act according to what is there in the DNA or do they learn through their surroundings? According to some scientists, it is innate, hereditary factors responsible for it whereas others say that it is the environmental factors and the social factors behind these actions. In a broader term, both of these concepts are correct and contribute to such beh
The emerging technological trends are breath taking; things that were scientific fictions in movies are becoming a reality. The only way to appreciate technology and embrace it, is to review the long past of human kind existence. The first technology invention data back in the Stone Age inventions of shard offs in Mesopotamia, to the nineteenth century of the computer technology. Current invention and innovation in technology are based on the past technological improvements. The empowerment of the human race through knowledge is the base of today technologies. As the tread continue we can only anticipate what the future holds for the human race. Each day new technology are being discovered and being implemented with an aim to improve the human lifestyle. As more advanced technologies are being invented one can not help to wonder if they are good for human kind. Technology has its’ own share of misery, as much as it is positive it has its’ own share of negative effects. With technology at it’s’ best the future seems bright for the human race; it will affect virtually every aspect of life. The demographic of the world will change significantly; with world population expected to double. This will have a positive impact although it will pose a threat to the existing resources. This will be attributed to the advanced technology in the medicine field. Artificial heart will be developed, lungs and kidney, and later fully functional artificial eyes and peripheral nerves system. Animal organ transplant to human being will help achieve the milestone in the field. Virtually, death cases will be reduced significantly resulting to an explosive population growth. It is expected only 15% of deaths will be attributed to infectious diseases. Application of artificial technologies in medical robots will ensure surgery is carried out with precision. The robot will be able to perform surgery without human supervision (Spencer 1). They will be expected to be a
Personal development of every child is as important as acquisition of scientific facts and learning of the basic laws of the universe. Ability of a person to apply social-emotional skills in adulthood can be considered as a positive contribution of the system of education to it. Positive social development in a wider range of social roles and responsibilities of an individual can be reached through such personal skills and capabilities as leadership, respect to others, non-abusive behavior, and ability to negotiate. An individual should respect others, be able to negotiate over certain issues, avoid verbal and physical abuse to persuade a person or display his/her emotions or ideas, and try to succeed in all activities he/she participates in. as such, all abovementioned skills can be analyzed in complex with regard to their close connection to each other. Family environment can be as encouraging as discouraging in terms of development of social-emotional skills of children. As such, the best qualities of the family environment that can positively contribute to the development of social-emotional skills in children include the following:  1. Encouragement of initiatives and leadership skills in children can make them be more independent and active in their activities;  2. Respect for decisions of children as well as other adults in the family is the key quality to developing of respect and non-abusive behavior in children;  3. Discussion of problems openly is aimed at making children not afraid of having their own ideas and making decisions in accordance with the viewpoints of other members of the family. If parents notice some changes in the behavior of their children, they should be ready to discuss it openly within the family and with the teacher. At the same time, family environment can have negative effect on development of social-emotional skills. In this respect, the qualities that can inhibit the child’s development for a range of roles and responsibilities in society include lack of respect in the family to the opinion of other members. This can be seen through prohibitions and denial of a child’s own will when parents tend to decide what is ‘better’ for their children. Existence of this quality in the family may prevent a child from obtaining such social –emotional skills as leadership and ability to negotiate because he/she is taught at home to have no personal viewpoints. On the other hand, such quality as verbal or physical abuse can prevent a child from respective adults in general and those who can resemble the one who makes the child suffer from abusing. Moreover, a child can treat abusing as a norm of behavior and use it as an argument when he/she can see no chance for peaceful negotiation. In addition, physical and verbal abuse can be the reason for a number of other problems in a child’s development. Classroom environment can be really encouraging for students in terms of d