ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Process design entails making decisions on the overall process method for changing the raw materials into finished goods. The decisions comprise the selection of a process, the technology used, layout of facilities and process flow analysis. The decisions made at the process design helps in analysing the conversion of raw materials into finished products (Askar, C. 2007). Location is a key-decision of any large investment made in building machinery and plant. An improper location of a plant can lead to a loss and waste of investment made in machinery and plant. Process-focused strategy also known as job-shop production is characterized by, production of one or few amount or quantities of products, as per the customer’s specification, within a prefixed cost and time. Their unique features are high variety of products and low volume. The examples of process-focused include; Machine shop, Hospitals, and Banks (Askar, C. 2007). Repetitive-focused strategy, also known as Mass Production entails production of assemblies, or parts, using a continuous process. The strategy is characterized by large volume of production. The machines get arranged in a product layout, or line. Also, all the outputs follow one path; this is due to product and process standardization. Examples of repetitive-focused strategy include; clothes dryer, fast food, and truck (Askar, C. 2007). Product-focused strategy also known as Continuous Production entails facilities arranged in a sequence of production operations i.e. from the first operations to the final product. The devices, such as material handling devices and conveyors allow products to follow a sequence of operation. The examples of product-focused strategy include: production of soft drinks, bulbs manufacturing, and paper production (Askar, C. 2007). Mass Customization also known as Batch Production gets applied when the jobs are passed into functional departments in batches, or masses, and each batch holds its own routing. Mass customization is characterized by the production of few products at normal intervals, thus leading to stocking of products to wait for marketing. In the batch production strategy, the other types of strategies become so flexible that the difference between them becomes minimal, making volume issues and variety less important. Location of facilities for operati
The book, “Coaching habit: Say less, ask more & change the way you lead forever”, is by Stanier M. Bungay. The publication was released in 2016 through Box of Crayons Press. The author and publishers claim that they give “managers practical tools so they can coach in ten minutes or less” (Bungay, 2016, p. 1). One major argument that comes up is that silence does not mean lack of knowledge or disrespect. This element has been stresses in some chapters of the book due to the fact that a significant majority of managers often associate silence to some level of disrespect. According to the scholar, many times, silence might also suggest a critical and keen thought process. Notably, the scholar explains that proper coaching would help managers and leaders realize such situations and help in the growth of both the junior staff and his or her supervisor. It can be argued that the author holds a general assumption that coaching only involves the manager. This is due to the fact that significant amount of advice given is directed to the supervisors. The role of the junior staff should also have been explored due to the nature of coaching. He explains that several elements, referred to as question masterclasses are critical for good coaching. The first question, also called the kick start question is critical. The author explains that it is a question “in which you discover the power of an opening question that gets the conversation happening fast and deep” (Bungay, 2016, p. 36). It can be argued that listening is a key element of any type of coaching. This can be linked to various studies that have been done on the same topic. Bungay (2016) uses this as his conclusion and it can be debated that it sums up the topic well. Reference Bungay S. M. (2016). The coaching habit: Say less, ask more & change the way you lead forever . Box of Crayons Press
Ray Beldner is the media artist and the sculptor who in a short period of time has become internationally recognized. His works may be found in many public and private collections. Ray Beldner is the type of the artist whose works can hardly be referred to the definite art style. As the artist says “Like many artists, I make art from the stuff of everyday life: clothing, cash, stolen items” (“Ray Beldner”). His works of art are the incredible mixtures of the sculptures, the digital medias, the leaded panes. Looking at the artists work, there is a feeling that any ordinary thing can be transformed into the masterpiece of art by the touch of the master. The Beldners artistic vision is “frequently derived from conceptual ideas that deconstruct hierarchical systems “high art” versus “low art”, “intrinsic value” versus “commercial value”, and so on with the ironic humor”( Ray Beldner par.2). The attitude of the artist towards the contemporary art may be expressed by his picture This is Definitely not a Pipe. This is Definitely not a Pipeю This reproduction is the allusion of the painting by Rene Magritte This is not a Pipe, which is the typical example of the representative art. The Magrittes work is based on the contradiction between the life and the reality. The subject of the painting is a pipe, but written in French on the painting are the words “This is not a pipe” (Frank 9). By describing his pipe, which is made completely from money, Beldner shows that the modern artists are so popular and their incomes are so high that they are “completely made from money, as well as this pipe is”(Frank 9). At the same time Beldner assets that every artist is not completely free in the vision of the reality, rather they rearrange the reality in accordance to their personal vision. There is practically no such a sphere, in which the artist is unable to create. The range of his artistic interests is very wide. Here we may see the collages, made with the traditional old-fashioned methods, and the portraits, the abstract effect of which is achieved by means of Photoshop. The special attention in the wide row of his artistic works is given to the theme of money. Apart from Beldners Pipe this theme is also presented by The Money Ball and The Big O. Speaking about the Beldner as an artist it is impossible not to mention his sculptures. The typical example of it is his work With My Language in My Game . It has been presented on the exhibition in the National Portrait Gallery. This plastic work was inspired by the a
It is imperative to mention that the argument between Hayek and Polanyi is a fascinating topic that has led to numerous discussions. Moreover, the fact that the views of these economists were dramatically different should not be overlooked, and it is possible to see that their influence on many other authors is quite significant. It is necessary to understand that both sides of the argument had a different perception of the role of the government. Hayek thought that such interference is not needed and leads to processes that are not natural. On the other hand, Polanyi states that the state may be viewed as a force that would help to defend the population from issues related to the market (Migone 2011). Another core aspect that should not be overlooked is that both authors were influenced by different aspects. Polanyi regarded Vienna in the 1920s as a cultural achievement and Hayek preferred liberalism (Polanyi-Levitt 2012). Polanyi believed that the influence of markets on the economy has been limited, but the situation has changed because of the Industrial Revolution. Also, he has stated that severe consequences may be introduced if the market is not controlled. The problem is that this approach has been criticized because many economists believe that the role of cultural factors is not significant. Furthermore, the author states that the market economy has been created artificially because of numerous internal and external factors. Also, it is paramount to mention that the way he has criticized the liberal economy is also fascinating, and he suggested that society may not be separated from the economy. The most significant difference that should not be disregarded is that Polanyi thought that populations should be capable of protecting themselves from the influence of markets in many spheres with the use of an approach titled double movement. However, it is necessary to understand that Polanyi has noted that the realization of this project is not possible because a relationship between economies and societies is always established. The concept of spontaneous order is especially interesting because the economist suggested that it may be created as a result of activities performed by a group of individuals and is not established because of the influence of the government. Moreover, one of the most significant aspects that should not be overlooked is that both scientists have used this term in their works. Also, it is important to note that several similarities between the works of these economists can be noted. Hayek has devoted enormous attention to a socialist economy and thought that it may be incredibly beneficial. On the other hand, Polanyi suggested that this approach would not be possible from the perspective of economics, and it could lead to severe consequences in most cases. Another aspect that is worth mentioning is that Hayek has supported the ideas of Mises and believed that socialist planners may have to deal with numerous issues such as tacit knowledge. Moreover, it is evident that both scientists have reached a consensus on this topic. Hayek stated that the efficiency of the unplanned economy is significant b
Executive Summary The report is devoted to the analysis of the financial performance of a potential supplier (the Supplier). To understand if the company is eligible for a sourcing exercise, we will conduct the ratio analysis and evaluate various balance sheet indicators based on such pre-qualification criteria as financial stability, commercial capabilities, technological capabilities, and stakeholder accountability. Financial analysis of any economic entity helps to identify the extent to which an organization is efficient and effective in carrying out its activities and reflects its overall economic well-being, the level of financial development, and ability to meet its obligations. A favorable financial condition is estimated, first of all, by the company’s financial stability and solvency. For this reason, the given criteria will be regarded as core attributes in the given paper and will be used as benchmarks during the provision of recommendations regarding the employment of the Supplier. Ratio Analysis Profitability Gross Profit Margin (GPM) indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of enterprise operations.                2013     2014    Gross Profit   25,622   36,761  Sales Revenue  138,276  161,438 GPM            18,5%    22,7%    There are no unified normative criteria for the evaluation of GPM values. However, positive values and upward trends can usually be considered as good signs. Higher GPMs are associated with higher shares of gross profit in the sales revenue structure. It is possible to say that the Supplier’s GPM values ranging in the diapason of 18,5 and 23 mirrors the stability and efficiency in the functioning of production assets. At the same time, the growth of gross profitability by over 4 grades during one year shows an increase in production efficiency, i.e., a decline in production costs. Markup is the difference between the retail and wholesale price of goods/services necessary to cover the costs and obtain an average profit by the enterprise.                2013       2014      Gross Profit   25,622     36,761    Cost of Sales  (112,654)  (124,677) Markup         22,7%      29,4%      The ratio analysis makes it clear that the Supplier’s operations remain profitable and the margin covers all costs associated with sales and indirect taxes (VAT, excise taxes, etc.). Net Profit Margin (NPM) indicates the profit volume that the Supplier received per a unit of cost of the capital about all types of the organization’s resources regardless of the sources of their financing.                                     2013     2014    Net Profit before Interest and Tax  99,234   127,332 Sales Revenue                       138,276  161,438 NPM                                 71,7%    78,8%    Like in the case with GPM, higher NPM values, and the upward trends signify the financial health of the organization. The Supplier’s NPM numbers show that the company effectively uses the capital invested in the enterprise by its shareholders. NPM also impacts the stock price
Non-profit organizations are created to serve public interests in a broad range of different spheres of social life. There are many types of non-profits with a wide spectrum of pursued aims. Personally, I would like to set up a non-profit youth sports club as I want children and adolescents to be able to use to sports facilities for free. Like any other non-profit organizations, sports clubs have their own specific goals. Researchers note that voluntary sports organizations are built mainly to give opportunities to more children and youth to participate in sports club activities (Aggestål and Fahlén 360). The name for such an organization that I find appropriate is “Be Better, Be Stronger,” as I believe that sport can affect people both physically and mentally in a positive way. It is significant to come up with the mission statement that reflects the true aims of the non-profit. As for my organization, I would like it to be as follows: “Our goal is to provide young people with the best possible sports experience to strengthen their bodies and self-control.” The target audience of my company would consist of children and adolescents that are keen on doing physical activities and playing sports games while learning how to work in a team. Marketing a non-profit is mostly discussed as different from traditional marketing. However, I believe that the standard method of target marketing can be implemented in my case. According to Gupta, target marketing involves breaking a market into segments and then concentrating marketing efforts on key segments (24). My non-profit should focus on the target audience to find out their needs and satisfy them. In connection to this, some offline sports events can be hosted at my facility as they “allow marketers to have direct contact with their customers” (Yu et al. 853). I believe that by using such methods, my non-profit can draw the attention of youth and, therefore, achieve the goal mentioned in the mission statement. Works Cited Aggestål, Anna, and Josef Fahlén. “Employing Voluntary Sports Organisations in the Implementation of Physical Activity Policy.” Routledge Handbook of Physical Activity Policy and Practice, edited by Joe Piggin, Louise Mansfield and Mike Weed, Routledge, 2017, pp. 359-370. Gupta, Vinod Kumar. “Marketing Strategy: A War to Win.” Journal of Management Science, Operations & Strategies, vol. 1, no. 1, 2017, pp. 21-24. Yu, Zhiyong, et al. “Participant Selection for Offline Event Marketing Leveraging Location-Based Social Networks.” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, vol
Abstract Intimate partner violence against illegal immigrants is a steadily rising problem in the US. Previous studies have shown that illegal immigrants would prefer to stay in abusive relationships and this is mainly because their status is often tied to their partners. Hence, walking out of the relationship would increase the likelihood of them being deported. The study will investigate reasons why Illegal immigrants stay in abusive relationships and whether there are any sources of relief for the abused persons. A volunteer sample of 350 illegal immigrants between 19 and 58 years will be interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The study will use semi structured interviews and reports from organizations that deal with intimate partner abuse among immigrant populations and from advocate groups. Introduction Intimate partner violence against immigrant women has been rising steadily, and has now reached unimaginable proportions, however, it is only recently that studies exposed the grave situation of the matter. Studies have further revealed that although immigrant women suffer abuse from their spouses, many of them prefer to continue staying in such relationships, and as a result, continue to face an unending spate of violence. A review of literature shows that the main reason these women still stay in abusive relationships stems from the women’s legal status. These women’s immigration status is often tied to their abusive partners and this restrains them from seeking legal assistance. The abuser is often a legitimate US citizen who refuses to apply for legal status for their partners to keep them secluded. Literature Review Figures pertaining to the number of illegal immigrants in abusive relationships are damning. A report by the National Institute of Justice and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reveals that nearly 20 per cent of all females who do not have legal status are abused by their partners but A 2002 joint Boston and Harvard University study shows that this figure could rise to 40 per cent (Raj and Silverman 2002). Analysts say that undocumented immigrant women are more apt to stay in abusive relationships longer than their counterparts with legal status due to economic
Early life – Hometown and Family Born on June 23, 1948, in Georgia, Clarence Thomas is one of the most notable black figures in the U.S. Justice system. Thomas grew up in Pin Point, which is a small, underprivileged region located south of Savannah, a land that previously served as slave plantation. His father deserted him when he was only two years old (Cox 10-19). Thomas spent a better part of his childhood in poverty. He lived in an area that lacked many critical infrastructures such as transport and sewage systems. Most residents of Pin Point lived in misery and only managed to earn a few cents each day doing labor-intensive work. Thomas’s mother, Leola, did everything within her ability to ensure that her children never lacked. She was a domestic worker who also relied on charities from the church to sustain her children. When Thomas was seven, her mother opted to remarry after her wooden dwelling caught fire and burned to the ground (Clarence Thomas par. 2). As Leola could not support the two boys adequately, she decided to take them to their grandparents. His grandfather, Myers Anderson, was an upright person who believed in the value of hard work. Anderson was quite autonomous and innovative. He used the back of his car as his premises, where he sold his wares. Thomas and his brother were lucky to live with their grandfather who was also a deeply religious man. Anderson was a devoted Catholic and Democrat who worked hard to instill in the two young boys the values of financial independence and self-control, including the moral capacity to discern right from wrong (Vanzo par. 2). Clarence Thomas (3) further notes that life with his grandfather was better in many ways because it introduced him to better days. Living with his grandfather meant that he could have meals on a regular basis. Besides, he could also involve himself in indoor plumbing work. Most outstandingly, Anderson instructed his grandsons to appreciate the value of a good education. The two boys quickly appreciated the importance of hard work and could often help their grandfather in various ways. When Thomas was free, he always visited the neighboring Carnegie library because the Savannah Public Library was out of bounds for the black community at the time. Education and Jobs When Thomas was young, he had a strong desire to join the priesthood. In a bid to realize that aspiration, he joined a black parochial high school. He stayed for about two years at the institution before joining a different one called St. John Vianney Minor Seminary. Although Thomas maintained exemplary performance in his education, he had a difficult time coping with his peers because he was the only African American pupil in his class (Vanzo par. 3-5). Racial intolerance had not ended for Thomas because when he enrolled in the Immaculate Conception Seminary in Missouri in 1967, he also faced the same dilemma. On one day, a classmate irritated him when he celebrated the killing of Martin Luther King Jr.
Introduction The history of Turkey and Greece relationships is long and filled with the mutual wariness combined with occasional increases in tensions. Following the downfall of the Ottoman Empire, the political landscape of the Eastern Mediterranean region has undergone major transformations. However, this part of Europe continued to demonstrate sporadic surges in hostility. Thus, the relationship between Turkey and Greece, which holds the Ottoman Empire’s heritage, have served as an area of intense interest for political experts and researchers across the globe. The geostrategic importance of the region for both Western and Eastern powers, combined with the general uncertainty surrounding the region, contributes to the topical nature of the discussion. From a historical perspective, Greek-Turkish relations have seen periods of improvement, as well as intermittent phases of conflict. The latter included overt military operations that eventually culminated in the division of Cyprus in the 1970s. The positivity in the bipartite connections was mainly observed in the first decades after the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, the Turkish administration made considerable steps toward the normalization of the atmosphere between its s country and Greece. The 1930s became the most important period within this context due to the mutual efforts of leaders from both sides. Nevertheless, as the result of World War II, tensions arose, and the prior convergence of the countries’ interests became replaced by mutual distrust. Cyprus is often associated with the primary causes of disagreements between these Mediterranean nations. Consequently, the island became the center of military tensions in the second half of the 20 th century, which explains the interest in its role within the framework of the current discussion. This paper explores the historical context of the relations between Greece and Turkey after the Ottoman era. Even though this period encompasses one century, it demonstrates an array of points of interest. Over a relatively short timeframe on the scale of global history, these bilateral relations went to both extremes between friendship and conflict. The countries made honest attempts at normalizing the situation, but the subsequent events prompted a different outcome. As the 21 st century approached, both nations joined the same military alliance. This step had the potential to mitigate the tensions, but the uncertainty persisted. As a matter of fact, uncertainty appears to be a fitting denomination for the context of the relations between Turkey and Greece throughout the