ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Schnall, Roper, and Fessler are some of the major scholars who have undertaken extensive studies on the feeling of elevation. A study by the scholars strived to ascertain whether the feeling of elevation that individuals experience when they witness another individual performing a good action helps in improving the desire to help others. During the study, the researchers performed two experiments to determine the link between altruism and elevation. Before conducting the study, the researchers measured elevation among the different participants who were in conditions that induced elevation and others who were in control conditions. The exercise helped in determining whether altruistic behaviours lead to elevation (Schnall, Roper & Fessler, 2010). After carrying out the first experiment, the researchers discovered that elevation increased the likelihood of the participants to offer to participate in unpaid studies in the future. However, participants who were in a neutral state were less likely to offer to participate in unpaid studies in the future. In the second experiment, the researchers discovered that those participants who experienced elevation spent more time helping the researchers in handling hard tasks. On the other hand, participants who did not experience elevation were less likely to help the researchers in handling hard tasks. The researchers were able to ascertain that a feeling of elevation could predict the extent of help that people are willing to offer. Thus, through their studies, the researchers were able to prove their hypothesis. They discovered that that witnessing another person’s altruist behaviour helped in bringing out elevation in an individual. This increased altruism among people (Schnall, Roper & Fessler, 2010). The researchers described elevation as the positive emotions that an individual who witnesses virtuous actions gets. The researchers applied the experiences, recollections, and responses of American undergraduate students in showing the relationship that existed between witnessing a virtuous action and altruism. Initially, the researchers had assumed that previous participants had proclaimed that witnessing of virtuous actions led them to become uplifted or inspired. This influenced them to perform actions that were beneficial to the society. According to the contemporary theory of emotion, behaviours that have a close relationship with emotions provide a means of determining the behavioural functions, origins, and social consequences of people (Ashford & LeCroy, 2012). However, the researchers carried out their experiments despite the presence of limited evidence on how altruism encourages people to engage in prosocial behaviours. During the first experiment, fifty nine women who were aged between 18 and 26 years took part in the research. The researchers had recruited them from the community living near the University of Plymouth at a fee of three pounds each to engage in the study. However, the studies abstained from u
Introduction Meditation is often regarded as something related to Buddhism or Freudian psychoanalysis. However, meditation can be effectively used in social work treatment. Moreover, meditation can be useful for both, the social worker and the client. There are many possible techniques to meditate. One such technique is the labyrinth, which is a very effective way to meditate, i.e. to contemplate, self-reflect, and, maybe, pray. Main Body Sarah Docterman states that the labyrinth is a very effective tool that can be used when working with clients. Interestingly, labyrinths used for this kind of meditation do not have dead-ends or some tricks. These labyrinths are just the only path that inevitably leads to the center. Therefore, there can be no right or wrong way. These labyrinths can be regarded as a metaphorical reflection of human life: there is the only goal (the center of the labyrinth), there is the only way, and the only obstacles an individual faces are turns of the road which can be easily dealt with. The wanderer should only go along the path slowly and without making unnecessary moves. In this case, the journey which is peaceful and pleasant will lead to the major aim, i.e. to the center. Noteworthy, Docterman points out that this kind of meditation is based on Christian tradition, which is important when working with clients of this cultural background. Keefe (1996) also stresses that meditation, on the whole, is closely connected with Christianity and other major religions. Therefore, meditation is a very important tool of social work treatment since it is possible to state that people will undoubtedly benefit from meditation (especially labyrinths) since it is one of the most ancient ways to relax and self-reflect. As far as I am concerned I have never thought that meditation can be used in social work treatment. However, now I understand that this is a great experience which can help many people choose their life goals, to understand themselves better, to find conciliation. I was also surprised to acknowledge that meditation can be useful for both the client and the social worker. Sarah Docterman revealed many interesting facts about a technique used for meditation, which made me feel that I can benefit from practicing labyrinths myself. Importantly, Docterman introduced the labyrinth in such a concise way that I can already use the technique. For instance, I have always wondered how meditators can concentrate on some particular object, image, or id
Introduction To achieve complex counseling goals, a therapist sometimes needs to combine several approaches to ensure the most beneficial client outcomes. When chosen correctly, the combination of several counseling theories might be an effective way to address all the issues the client is facing. The counseling model presented in this paper covers the rational emotive behavior and gestalt theories that enable dealing with harmful behaviors and cognitive processes through the substitution of those by means of the application of beneficial experiences. The combination of the theories suggests the basic philosophy of perceiving emotional and behavioral impairments as the cause of psychological issues, which might be eliminated by means of human’s inner resources. The therapy’s goals, relationships between a counselor and client, techniques, and limitations will be discussed in detail. Theories The model is designed on the basis of the combination of two counseling theories, including gestalt and rational emotive behavior theories. The choice of the theories is determined by the therapeutic potential they have for a client to deal with diverse psychological problems, such as fear, anxiety, or phobias. The first theory is gestalt therapy that concentrates on the human’s potential to deal with mental issues here and now. The theory prioritizes learning from the current experiences while a client lives through a particular feeling, emotion, or behavior (Zahm & Gold, 2002). It is chosen due to the therapeutic value of the available techniques that empower a person to deal with problems on a long-term scale. The second theory is rational emotive behavior therapy that views emotional reactions, behavior, and cognitive responses as a learned pattern that might be changed or substituted by means of restructuring and learning (Ellis, 2002). According to this approach, irrational and dysfunctional emotions and behaviors might be changed through exercises and practice. The choice of this theory is validated by the scope of techniques it provides and the specific relationship pattern between a therapist and client than give a counselor more leading opportunities to empower a client. Basic Philosophy The combination of these theories allows the counselor to act within the specific philosophy. The model views the mental health issues of a client as those rooted in the wrongful emotional and behavioral reactions to the experiences in life. It seeks to educate and lead the client through the process of engaging his or her human potential in dealing with psychological difficulties. The rational emotive behavior theory plays a dominant role in the foundation of the basic philosophy of the model because it prioritizes the dysfunctional feelings and behaviors as the core of therapy. However, gestalt theory is also essential since it enables cultivating a client-oriented approach that allows for f
The first impression leaves a lasting mark on the keen observer’s mind. However, it must be pointed out that previous experiences and prior knowledge enhance the interpretation of the images, artworks, structural design, and events under scrutiny. The Holy Trinity Orthodox Church and the St. Ignatius Church are both located in San Francisco, California. Both churches are equally impressive; however, the worship service at The Holy Trinity Orthodox Church is more fascinating. The difference is probably due to the history of the Greek Orthodox Church, and the message that its adherents desire to convey to the world. Without a doubt, the St. Ignatius Church in San Francisco is one of the most impressive religious structures in America. The architectural design of the church provides powerful incentives to join the worship service. As parishioners enter the main building, they are greeted with soaring architectural marvels that reminded them of their mortality. When they pass through the gates, they knew they are in the realm of the sacred. Great care was given to the architectural details that comprise the ceiling and the walls of the church. It can be argued that the design of the church was meant to compel churchgoers to look up into the heavens. Those who are more knowledgeable about building construction will definitely appreciate the presence of arches and the way the inner structure was designed to hold the massive roof of the church. The arches are technological innovations in the medieval ages that enabled church builders to create massive structures and prevent the collapse of the building due to the heavy load. The arches provided a way to distribute the weight of the roof (St. Ignatius SF 1). Inside the St. Ignatius Church, one can find statues of saints, the Madonna and child, and the crucified Jesus. A statue of St. Ignatius Loyola, the patron saint of the said church, gives the church a unique identity. The presence of the statues points out the importance of the saints when it comes to prayers and faith. The presence of the Madonna and child reminds the first time visitors of the honor given to the Virgin Mary as she plays an important part in the lives of the Catholics. Theref
The modernism movement originated from Europe and then moved towards America in the early 20 th century. The movement was a reaction to the turmoil and folly that were marked during the First World War. Modernism comprised the activities of people who felt that the traditional forms of art were turning out to be out-of-date in the new social-economic circumstances of a rising industrialized globe. As a result of the suffering and the miserable state of affairs that emerged after World War I, several literary modernist writers rose intending to represent the society around them and brought into perspective their agony through writing. Their work is mainly characterized by images, colloquial language, and mockery. This was meant to reflect on the level of their aggravation towards their society. Their main aim was to revolutionize people’s understanding and perception of language and humanity at large. Modernist writers such as T.S Eliot, Ezra Pound, and WB Yeats revealed social disarray in most of their writings. They adopted the tenets of exclusiveness and oppression and put aside the unrestricted standards of many social theorists in the previous century. In most of the work done by T.S Eliot, there is an indication of discontent and vagueness of the highly structured bourgeois way of thinking (Amiran, Eyal & Unsworth 34). The modernist school of thought ended just as World War II began. This is because, several literary authors who had influence went to exile in Tunisia, while others fought in the military. Their attention turned into issues of survival. At the end of World War II, a new movement, postmodernism, came up. Postmodernism is related to art that reacts against earlier modernist principles. In literature, the term refers to contemporary literature in the late 20 th century. The trend of style and appraisal which evolved during this period explored the mind of 20 th -century mankind deeply (Geyh, Paula, Fred & Leebron 63). Postmodernism emerged as a more drastic response to the worsening conditions of moral issues in society. It rejects the Western culture citing that it represents only a small percentage of the overall human experience. This is different from the modernism era which appeared to be more devoted to western ideas and customs. Unlike several modernists, postmodernists were more apprehensive of being reflective and preferred to deal with external imagery. They avoided drawing conclusions and instead focused on creating unguided work open to the readers’ interpretation. Their main focus was on creating an image of a conflicting, split, vague, and indefinite world. (Geyh, Paula, Fred & Leebron, 62). Scholars such as Jacques Derrida defied the view that the classical meaning and conventions of literary work should be rejected wholly
Domain names are the internet addresses that comprise two or more components with hierarchical divisions. To acquire a domain name, a person has to make an application to the registrar of domains. Some organizations dealing with domain registration facilitate the process of acquiring domains for those that require them. [1] Acquiring domain names requires proper observation of the relevant domain registration rules. For instance, people have to visit the domain registration companies and purchase the domains on a first-come, first-served basis. Therefore, those clients who make their payments first have their domains processed early. [2] There are many organizations responsible for the processing of domain names. These organizations act as the registrars of the domain names and they have different divisions. For instance, ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) controls the generic names. In addition, the national authorities in different countries give domain names that are specific to that country. The registrars that award the domain names always maintain that the first person to make an application and pay the required fee becomes the first to acquire the domain. There are certain relationships between trademarks and domain names. Both the trademarks and the domain names can coexist within a single domain. In such cases, the trademark appears at the second level part of the domain, which is to the left of the dot. In addition, the two can have disputes relating to ownership. [3] In the registration of trademarks, the person that makes a trademark open or uses the trademark first is the one that achieves its possession. If the trademark is not in use, then the first person that makes an application to obtain a trademark acquires the opportunity for trademark registration. On the other hand, in the registration of domain names, the domains must have abbreviations that describe the top-level domain or identifier. The domains also consist of the business names that are mandatory for registration. [4] Cybersquatting entails the act of cataloging domain names or logos of other people to benefit from them. In most instances, the person registering the trademarks or domains uses them with the motive of selling them to the rightful owner. In other cases, the aim is to prevent the rightful owner from receiving the domain name. Therefore, the main issue in cybersquatting is that the registrars use the domains for their benefit as opposed to the person who buys them for personal or business use. [5] Some disputes come into play when issuing a domain name that includes another’s trademark. Litigation is the best measure to enhance effective resolving of such disputes. The application of Litigation is through the general law about the adoption and usage of logos. In most cases, the disputes resolved through litigation measures emerge from the registration of domain names for unlawful purposes. The illegal functions include redirecting traffic to
The Major Similarities between Two Contrastive Generations The principal similarity between the people of Generation X and those, who belong to Generation Y, lies in the adjustment to the instability of the labor market. Thus, the former group, which includes the global citizen, who was born in the middle of the 20 th century, was raised on the platform of economic reconstructions (“Gen Y and Gen X not as Different as We Think” par. 5). That is why it was quite an undertaking for our parents to get accustomed to the system of constant labor distribution change. The problem concerned both industrial countries and the developing states (Rail par. 6). The society was challenged by the employment policies daily. Today, however, the system of labor has not changed much. Thus, we, as the representatives of Generation Y, which dates back to the 1980s, follow the same pattern of employment. Both, we and our parents, had to receive a post-secondary education so that to enter the professional sphere. Moreover, the process of finding a job seems similar too since the world economy requires flexible occupations (Fernandes 12). The Primary Differences between Two Generations The discrepancy between the ideological values of Generation X and Generation Y refers to contrastive perceptions of authority. In particular, the baby boomers, who belong to X-Generation, are well-acquainted with the dictatorship culture of such world unions as, for instance, the Soviet Union (Asghar par. 6). Thus, the citizens, who were raised in such conditions, have a distorted opinion of the authorities, managers, and administrators since they were taught that every civil citizen has to obey the rules, which are established by their superiors. The culture of communication between baby boomers and authoritative structures is also quite strained and strict. Specifically, our parents would rarely venture a risk to criticize the work of their superiors or to point out their mistakes (Cuffin par. 6). In contrast to them, the platform of contemporary social relations introduces quite loose relations. Mainly, people, who belong to Generation Y are much more rebellious than their predecessors. We tend to protect our rights and to be firm and persistent in our undertakings. In other words, Generation Y targets equality and informal relations at work. The society of baby boomers, however, still focuses on the conceptions of subordination (Ellis par. 6). Works Cited Asghar, Rob. Gen X is from Mars, Gen Y is from Venus: A Primer on how to Motivate a Millennial. 2014. Web. Cuffin, Eddie. The 20 Differences between the Baby Boomers and Generation Y . 2013. Web. Ellis, Ashley. Difference between Generation X and Y. 2011. Web. Fernandes, Kevin. “A Comparative Study of Work between Generation Y and Generation X.” University of Guelph 12.1 (2000): 1-21. Print. Gen Y and Gen X not as Different as We Think 2009. Web. Rail, Ted. The Gen X/Gen Y Generation Gap . 2014. Web.
The nutritional needs of athletes are different in relation to their nutritional objectives. Nonetheless, an adequate diet with the proper provision of calories is paramount. In the event an athlete wishes to build body mass, 24-27kilocalories per pound body weight are required each day (NC State University n.d., para 2). In the case of maintenance, female athletes require 17kcal/pound body weight per day, but their male counterparts will require more. Based on the report from the coach, the female athlete has poor feeding habits given her responsibility as an athlete. Most likely, she is not getting adequate calories, and this can have long-term detrimental health and social effects. In relation to the case, my approach entails an emphasis on the essence of carbohydrates and associated consequences in the event an athlete does not have an adequate consumption of this nutrient. This discussion, alongside the infographic, highlights the different sources of carbohydrates and the number of carbohydrates in each food group. Other than carbohydrate intake, fluid intake has been emphasized as an important nutritional concern for athletes. In addition, the paper indicates the essence of other nutrients that are required for an athlete to gain optimal performance. This paper is meant to stress the fact that “nutritional misinformation can do as much harm to an ambitious athlete in the same way good nutrition can help” (Anderson, Young & Prior 2010). The Carbohydrate needs of an athlete are much higher than for a non-athlete individual of the same age. The following constitutes one serving of carbohydrates.   * Bread, cereals, starchy vegetables (15g)   * Fruits (15g)   * Dairy products (12g)   * Commercial cereals and drinks (check labels)   * Non-starchy vegetables (5g) Therefore, depending on one’s requirements, one is able to know how much to each from which food groups to meet her daily needs. Consumption of carbohydrates is imperative because of the negative consequences associated with low energy. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy, and poor or low consumption of food groups rich in this nutrient has adverse effects. In a bid to maintain small body size, female athletes will adopt a poor dieting habit, which aggravates over time, leading to clinical eating disorders in severe cases. The ultimate outcome is a chain of negative bodily changes known as the Female Athlete Triad. The triad defines the causal relationships between “low energy intake, menstrual function, and bone health” (Australian Sports Commission 2015b, para 2). Low energy intake means that the body is not able to engage in activities that demand the utilization of energy, for example, menstrual function. Oxygen is often a limiting factor in long-duration events; hence, the reason carbohydrates are the best sources of energy among the macro-nutrients. Levels of muscl