ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
International business etiquette (also known as global etiquette) is one of the most important concepts of international relations and diplomacy. In fact, international business etiquette is the basis of the relations at the regional, national, and global levels. The term “etiquette” may seem easy to understand as normally it is associated with simple politeness and tactful behavior. This understanding is correct. However, polite behavior is a very narrow representation of global etiquette. In reality, this concept involved multiple dimensions and details and is extremely complex and multifaceted. Etiquette is described as socially appropriate and ethical conduct in reference to the business and professional practice or activity that is recognized as acceptable in the group relations of people who belong to a certain career field or profession. Etiquette refers to the culture, interactions, style of communication, language, and some other social dynamics used within a group or a community. The vital fact that is important to understand is that even though a particular set of rules and traditions may unite one group of professionals in a certain culture, the same community may practice completely different activities in another society. Differently put, the rules of etiquette are not global and differ from one country to another. That is why the professionals who are involved in the work abroad and communication with foreign peers are to be aware of the differences in etiquette and the effect they could produce. For instance, a simple gesture, phrase, action, or even facial expression may make a large difference for the representatives of various cultures. Basically, the outcome of the business of diplomatic negotiations, the result of a lengthy and important dialog between the professionals coming from two different countries and cultures, depends on how well they manage the rules of etiquette. In the contemporary world known for the rapid development of the globalization process, the importance of knowledge of the international etiquette rules and traditions grew exponentially over the last couple of decades. Today, businesses operate at the global and international levels on a daily basis, and the negotiations and interactions between the representatives of different cultures are rather common. Besides, modern workplaces have become much more diverse, and as a result, one does not even need to travel abroad in order to participate in an interaction with a person coming from a different culture. In other words, the skills of international communication and etiquette are no longer a rarity but are common knowledge that is essential for one to function in the contemporary world successfully. To illustrate the specific rules and features typical for business etiquette in a different country, the following descriptions can be provided:   * In China, one is to avoid making negative statements and showing emotion openly. Also, one is not to take a nod as a sign of agreement but as an indication of the fact that the person is giving their attention.   * In India, one should never forget to refer to the pa
Introduction Tragic occurrences, for instance, Sri Lanka terrorist attacks, arouse fear, anger, and other traumatizing emotions in survivors. The role of a counselor is crucial because he/she undertakes the task of making other people’s lives worthwhile and experiences comfortable. Most of the approaches increasingly being employed by counselors put a great significance on concerns such as consciousness, accountability, and a feeling of concern for other people’s problems (McCurry, 2019). While assisting survivors, therapists should treasure their feelings while making assumptions, asking questions, and developing processes of dealing with their distresses. Counselors seek to comprehend the decisions made by survivors of terrorist attacks to form a strong basis for neutralizing their pain (Charney, Hellberg, Bui, & Simon, 2018). This is realized by keenly listening to the disturbing needs of survivors while they are describing any experience in detail as most encounters of terrorism involve mistreatment or hostility. Friendliness and gentleness are key values that a counselor should possess. They should be pleasant and act soberly to grant clients a relaxed environment that encourages openness. Counseling could be facilitated by creating a welcoming impression that promotes effective communication and confession. Counseling Survivors of Terrorist Attacks Although survivors and family members of victims have the greatest risk of suffering stress and depression after terrorist attacks, even the people who are just watching the occurrences either firsthand or on television may become psychologically affected. Such people may be horrified and end up anxious. Surviving terror attacks dampen one’s personal feelings of safety and security (Storrs, 2015). In the survivors, emotions may vary from intense anger to a sense of being detached from normal life. They might experience physical symptoms, for instance, insomnia, stomachache, and mental disorders, which can worsen with time if not effectively addressed early enough. Acts of terrorism and mass shootings may be harder for survivors to cope with when compared to natural disasters such as earthquakes since they usually develop intense fear or the need to place culpability on someone and get vengeance. Feeding such emotions into their anger gradually results in mental health problems. Moreover, such occurrences often affect the entire community and make it difficult for most individuals to recover a sense of normalcy in their lives. The good thing is that the majority of such people are able to get back to their normal senses after going through counseling. Studies affirm that between 29% and 61% of survivors of terrorist attacks experience post-traumatic stress disorder (Charney et al., 2018). Nevertheless, with effective counseling, they regain their psychological well-being. It is advisable that people consult counselors if they in any way feel that they might be encountering severe stress and other psychological problems associated with the experience of tragedies such as mass
Voluntary informed consent in a sexual relationship refers to the agreement between two parties to engage in sexual activity. Without distinct consent, any sexual intercourse is considered rape. This agreement extends to such rules as consenting to each time of sexual activity and a specific kind of sexual intercourse. Voluntary consent becomes an ethical issue in cases when a person is deprived of full control and body autonomy and is subject to sexual assault. The concept of voluntary informed consent consists of several elements. Firstly, a person who has decided to engage in sexual intercourse has reached a certain age and understands the consequences of their actions. Secondly, an individual makes a choice willingly and not under pressure from a partner. Thirdly, a person is not under the influence of any substances. Consent implies that the person who gave it can change their mind if they do not like something or feel uncomfortable; that is, a person has the full right to stop an activity at any time. The responsibility of the person who initiates sexual activity is to make sure that the partner wants to participate in an activity. One of the most evident signs that consent is not given is silence. A mandatory criterion that determines consent to sex is the full willingness of the person to engage in sexual activity. In this situation, a person must be provided with full freedom of choice and the ability to comprehend the situation. An individual must also have the full ability to withdraw consent at any time and stop any sexual activity, regardless of the stage of the sexual activity. A choice in a situation where a person consents to sex means that a person will not be punished or will not face negative consequences in case of refusal. Moreover, it must be noted that consent to sex is given for each particular form of sexual activity and does not automatically apply to all other types of sexual activity. For example, if a person gave consent to vaginal penetration, it does not involve consent to anal penetration. The ability to consent to sex also means that a person has the physical and mental abilities to consent to sex at the moment. The ability to give consent is limited if a person is asleep, unconscious, or under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Moreover, a person cannot participate in sexual intercourse in case
Introduction The division of good and evil has been an issue of many religious and philosophic studies. In contrast to the good that is taught to people in every aspect of life, evil is less addressed and studied in terms of characterization and analysis. This paper addresses the problem of evil as a response to a chosen illegitimate theodicy that justifies evil providing a personal opinion on this matter. Illegitimate theodicy The illegitimate theodicy that is taken into consideration is the claim that there is a necessity for evil to oppose or contrast well. For justification of this claim, arguments were presented, the metaphysical which claims that evil must exist in order for good to exist, and epistemological which claims that the people should know evil to distinguish it from good. Discussing the first claim, it should be noted that the evil never preceded the good; therefore it should not be taken as if the evil were the first to occur and then as a result the good occurred. If taken the biblical example of Adam and Eve, chronologically the evil occurred after the good existed. Thus, it can not be said that evil is a necessity for good to exist. It could be recalled from all religious teachings that the prophets were sent to restore the good, which implies that the good was before the evil and existed without evil. In that sense, evil should be viewed as a result of human actions that were granted to them by free will, after which the process of restoring the initial state of good takes place. As a result, it could be concluded that evil must not exist in order for the good to exist. The epistemological claim which argues that evil must be known to people in order to know the good assumes that the people can not reach the definition of good and distinguish it unless they know evil. In order to oppose this claim, it should be noted that the ability to distinguish right from wrong, and in this sense wrong does not mean evil, is taught to people since childhood. However, to distinguish evil or to know the good, there is no necessity to teach those basics. In analyzing this statement based on religions, it is seen that all major religions are based on instincts, where people can distinguish that something evil without trying it. If we assumed that there are people who are locked since childhood without teaching and education, they will certainly acknowledge that taking someone else’s belongings, doing harm, taking another’s life is evil, because this is intrinsic to people’s instincts. No world religion taught in her doctrines something that opposed the instinct or common sense and according to the epistemological claim, the people would not know that killing is evil unless they witness or participate in the process. Thus it could be concluded that people should not know evil in order to know the good. Personal opinion Evil as an absolute value is though widely discussed and analyzed to find the origins of the evil and its
The Weatherman Underground was the new revolutionary radical group of the New Left in the 1960s in the United States of America. They created a manifesto, “titled after lyrics from the song “Subterranean Homesick Blues” by Bob Dylan, which became the founding document for a new organization” (Cerer 25-26). Bob Dylan influenced the Weathermen’s activity: he is an American singer who popularized folk-rock, which gave life to rock n’ roll that became highly politicized during the mid-to-late 1960s in the USA (Cerer 4). Thus, Bob Dylan was the symbol of the Weather Underground, which inspired them and other political activists through his lyrics. Many people inspired Bob Dylan, so he wrote his songs mentioning them and was influenced by them. For instance, in the interview, he claims that he decided to include the story of Anne Frank and Indiana Jones. According to interviewer Brinkley, Dylan says that Anne Frank’s “story means a lot. It’s profound. And hard to articulate or paraphrase, especially in modern culture” (3). Although affected by bright people, the singer had an effect on the American Counterculture of the 1960s (Jarniewicz 82). Therefore, Dylan always separated himself from political groups, emphasizing his independence as an artist. However, many historical events, including the creation of such groups as the Weathermen Underground, were affected by Bob Dylan’s lyrics. According to Tudor, “the 1960s were clearly among Dylan’s most concentrated periods of powerful creativity, including the most powerful of all, between 1964 and 1966” (4). For instance, “the three Counterculture movements, political activists of the New Left, hippies and anarchists (diggers, yippies), were all indebted to Dylan” (Jarniewicz 82). Therefore, Dylan’s effect on the global community of musicians (rock n’ roll singers) and the American counterculture of the 1960s, including a radical group of the Weathermen Underground, was profound. Works Cited Brinkley, Douglas. “ Bob Dylan Has a Lot on His Mind. ” The New York Times, 2020. Web. Cerer, Jennifer. Radicalism and Violence: Conceptualizing the Weather Underground Organization’s Actions in the 1960s and 1970s . Diss. Lake Forest College, 2018. Jarniewicz, Jerzy. “Bob Dylan–The Unwilling Icon of the Counterculture.” All Along Bob Dylan , Routledge, 2020, pp. 82-96. Tudor, Jones. Bob Dylan and the British Sixties: A Cultural History . Routledge, 2018.
There is no doubt that certain activity in the world of cinema is related to a wide range of specific challenges. To better understand the ways of addressing these challenges, many people belonging to the creative community express their opinions on features of real art. It is quite difficult to deny that cinema is not about stiff standards and ready-made decisions that need to be implemented by directors to trigger an expected reaction. Instead, being related to this sphere involves constant searching for new themes, new faces, new ways to speak about common things seen every day, and thoughts allowing people to reconsider a great number of concepts that are sometimes regarded as features inherent in the human society. To put it in other words, to be an effective part of this world one needs to have such features as imagination, courage, and also a kind of systems thinking or a clear understanding of the processes and relationships between various objects. Speaking about the particular opinions on the professional integrity of ones related to the cinema, it is necessary to pay attention to Fitzgerald’s idea involving the notion of “the whole equation” that can be understood in different ways. I suppose that this expression touches upon the ability to see different elements related to cinema as a unified whole and, therefore, create the product that will be regarded not as a crazy quilt but as something complete, a film showing the entire world and all its details. It is quite interesting to note that Fitzgerald supposes that there is a very small number of people who understand this mystery surrounding the world of cinema. As for the book where the author uses this notion, there is one character called Monroe Stahr who is described as an extremely popular filmmaker who has a combination of talent and a kind of professional intuition that allows him to make decisions that send the audience into raptures. Taking the idea introduced by the author into consideration, it may be quite interesting to apply it to the modern art community and define those stars or directors who could be listed among “half a dozen” people who possess those features mentioned by Fitzgerald. Therefore, speaking about such people, I would like to pay increased attention to Meryl Streep who has played a lot of characters that became famous. The primary reason why I suppose this very actress to meet the criteria stated by Fitzgerald is related to her talent that is difficult to overestimate. To begin with, I strongly believe that she possesses this system thinking and knows what needs to be done to create an outstanding product because she looks extremely convincing in every film where she appears. There are a lot of films that made her popul
Introduction The Olympic Development Authority is an executive non departmental Public Body which is responsible to the Secretary of state for Culture, Media and Sport. The Olympic Development Authority was first started as a Statutory Corporation by the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympics Games act 2006 on March 30 th 2006 and it is also the Statutory Planning Authority for the Olympic Park Area (ODA, 2010). The mission of the Olympic Delivery Authority which it does its level best to achieve is the delivery of venues, facilities and infrastructure and provision of transport facilities on time and performance of such activities on time and in a manner that ensures that there is maximum delivery of a sustainable legacy within the available budget. In trying to create new employment and business opportunities locally, regionally and nationally, the Olympic development authority, the organization should carefully consider its PESTLE and SWOT analysis in order to create a human resourcing strategy that is effective and efficient and is in line with the goals, objectives and mission of the organization (Stevens & Loudon 2005, p.27). PESTLE analysis on Olympic Development Authority A PESTLE Analysis is usually used to take note of the external forces that affect an organization. A PESTLE analysis on an organization usually analyses the Political, Economical, Social and Technological Environment. Political Factors Affecting Olympic Development Authority This step involves a careful look at the political factors that influence the operations of an organization. In most cases, political factors that affect an organization can either come with advantages or disadvantages. In trying to ensure the delivery of its employment and business objective to “create new employment and business opportunities locally, regionally and nationally”, the Olympic Development Authority should consider all the duties and responsibilities that come to the organization such as the type of government in place and a democratic or dictatorship government which would ensure that the organization is able to perform all its duties without interference from the political leaders of the country. It would also ensure that the organization would be able to take advantage of all the available opportunities and without any interference from corrupt officials especially from the government. Political factors such as legislation on minimum wage would also be a great influence on the human resourcing strategy that the organization would come up with (Henry 2008, p.57). All organizations must stick by all the legislation rules concerning the minimum amount of money that they need to pay individuals on the work that they perform. Political factors also affect the laws on discrimination. The Olympic Development authority has been fortunate enough to have carried out a public sector equality duties since its addition to the to the London Olympic and Paralympics Games act which was enacted in 2006 for public bodies
A company must develop a great offering. Samsung offers a 40-inch flat-screen TV that can be bought for $399, 99. The total cost of ownership is relatively small. This product has an extensive range of features such as a built-in Wi-fi and a 60 Hz refresh rate. Such features make this product valuable for the customers. The offering also includes such benefits as a one year warranty and SMART cable is also included. A company may be pressured to add service to their offerings (Bustinza, Parry and Vendrell‐Herrero 619). This offering provides several services such as Samsung Apps. However, it is more product dominant because those services are not as important for the customer as the primary product. There are tangible aspects such as a design of the product and TV picture quality. However, there are some intangible aspects such as reliability, quality of support of additional services and others. This particular offering belongs to the category of shopping offerings. Customers carefully research such offerings to find the best possible option that would meet all of their expectations. The brand name plays an enormous role when consumers review this kind of proposition. Topaloglu states that “companies offer a set of products that can serve as substitutes for each other, and the customers make a choice among the set of offered products” (1182). This means that it is extremely hard for a client to make a final decision because of a variety of offerings. It would be wise for Samsung to focus on the “thinkers” market segment. However, the category of the offering would not change based on a new target market because this is a traditional category for such types of products. Samsung should consider a slight modification of the current product so it can satisfy all the requirements of the new target market. The company should extend the product line, and a few new models of a product should be considered. However, no significant changes should be made because it may affect other segments. The product line extension would allow Samsung to compete with Panasonic if the company develops a new cheaper model of flat-screen TVs. The company may also try to occupy the place in the market that is currently uncontested. Axarloglou claims that “excessive product line extensions might confuse consumers, depress brand loyalty, and increase production complexity and administrative cost without necessarily an increase in total sales for the product category” (9). This means that a company should be extremely careful when making decisions to extend product lines because it may cause some marketing problems. It is necessary to manage the life cycle of a product o