ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Amidst third-world countries in Asia, Singapore stands out as a cosmopolitan city frequented by tourists from all over the world. Its multicultural population contributes to its progressive economy. It is swiftly becoming one of the world’s hubs for industrial, technical, technological, and educational advances and resources. Languages in Singapore From the time it was founded as Singapura in 1819, it has been a multilingual society. Four official languages were constitutionally enshrined namely: English, Malay (also the de jure national language), Mandarin, and Tamil, all belonging to different language families and having different literary traditions. These languages represent a medley drawn from the three identifiable ethnic groups, Chinese (77%), Malay (15%), and Indian (7%), and other groups such as the Eurasians, Armenians, Jews, and Parsees (1%). In addition to Tamil (which is an official language), Malayalam and Telegu are the two other Dravidian languages spoken in Singapore. Five other South Asian ethnic languages are represented in the school system: Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, and Gujerati, all belonging to the Indo-Aryan family of languages. The main Chinese dialects spoken by older Singaporeans are Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese, Hakka, and Hainanese. According to Pakir (1999), the language policy in Singapore has had to serve multiple purposes:   * provide for rapid economic development for a small country that has no hinterland and no natural resources except its people;   * promote a common mode of communication among its heterogeneous ethnic groups;   * promote a common mode of communication within its largest ethnic group, the Chinese, with five main dialects (not mutually intelligible) represented in the population;   * give official recognition to the linguistic and cultural pluralism within the nation;   * cultivate a Singaporean identity and loyalty, one drawing from its Asian and Southeast Asian heritage;   * i
Introduction An individual can construe the word organization in many ways. In this paper, two definitions will be provided. One of the meanings is related to human organization and the other is linked to material organization. An organization is defined within the context of business meaning that without commerce, an organization would not exit. Barclays is purely a commercial and financial organization. The word business is defined as human economic action. It entails permanent and standard manufacture and allocation of goods and services with an aim of making a profit. Currency streaming in and acquisition of income through fulfilling the needs of customers are the two methods of assessing the strengths of Barclays Bank. Furthermore, business organization is a procedure or an art of instituting effectual collaboration between the factors of production such as land, material, asset equipment and personnel for generating or obtaining capital with an aim of earning profit in a business venture. The scope of business organization has significantly extended after the industrial revolution. The process of manufacturing is now intricate. An organization is required to establish what each individual will do and how much power each will have. At this level, an organization is mostly divided into three categories based on business ownership. These categories are solitary proprietorship, joint venture and corporation. Barclays Bank is a Multinational Corporation trading in a number of states. The organization assists owners to use factors of production competently and hence condense the cost of production. This facilitates realization of organizational ambitions and goals at a least cost. An excellent organization enables optimal utilization of scientific advancements to create support. Barclays Bank resolves all the advertising tasks such as buying, selling, shipping, warehousing, funding, and product regularity through setting up tasks to each person. Organizational stakeholders in Barclays Bank include the management, employees, shareholders, clients, customers and the community. The top executive is supposed to coordinate the activities of the organization by ensuring that each person’s wishes and desires are identified and fulfilled (McCluskey, 2004). As leaders of the Bank, managers must treat employees courteously and involve them in decision- making processes. This article addresses the issue of organization in a business environment and how it shapes other factors as well as how other factors shape it. The paper goes ahead to discuss the concept of leadership since it is established as one of the critical aspects. The paper uses the management system of Barclays as an example. An organization cannot excel without leaders who are full of visions. Specifically, the paper identifies resistance to change as being one of the factors affecting leadership in Barclays Bank. Many fa
Introduction The application of change initiatives in business is as important as in any other branch of human activity. Sooner or later every company encounters necessity of applying changes in the organization due to changes that take place in the areas such as technology, corporate governance, evaluation of leadership competencies, and other concepts related to the sector of business including marketing strategies and sustainable competitive advantage. So, the strategic change initiative should be thoroughly planned in order to result in successful changes in future regarding the period when changes should be implemented. One of the strategic change initiatives includes vision of the changes with regard to the vision statement which shapes the whole strategy for changes, mission statement which justifies the reasons for change and indicates the highest point to strive for; finally, the change strategy is the set of approaches that should be used to reach the goals stated in the mission or at least to approximate to those. The changes that should be introduced in McDonalds concern the attitude of customers, reputation of the company, and reaction of staff members. Application Analysis As suggested by Palmer, Dunford, and Akin (2008), each change implemented in organization should have its own image and should be built in accordance with a certain strategic change initiative vision. So, the application of changes with regard to vision of these changes should be analyzed in order to evaluate effectively the effects expected from this change, the way the change was applied, the attitude of employees in the process of implementation and final results of the change application. In other words, it is necessary to take into account the change outcomes expected to be reached after application of strategic change initiative as reported by (Palmer, Dunford, and Akin, 2008), they can be intended (p. 25), partially intended or unintended (p. 26). Thus, the change that should be introduced in McDonalds can be considered intended or partially intended regarding the nature of external factors that can shift priorities and attitude of employees including their understanding of importance of changes applied to this business. Lessons Learned The application of strategic change initiative requires certain sense of the situation because the change can be partially intended or unintended due to external factors and lack of underground for implementation of theoretical issues into practice. Besides, what is good for one business in terms of competitive advantage or corporate governance is not applicable to another business due to relation with customers, engagement of personnel, and other concepts. A practicing manager could create a plan for application of strategic change initiatives with the help of vision concepts including vision statement, mission statement, and strategy in terms
Organizational behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, complicating the establishment of an ideally productive environment in the workplace. Two of the more critical concepts that scholars have identified in this context are inclusivity and accountability. The effectiveness of an individual or team as well as organizational performance can often depend on each individual’s ability to take responsibility for his or her conduct and contribute meaningfully. Inclusivity is also pertinent to productivity as it fosters trust and allows employees to exercise their skills and strengths. If an organization cannot maintain an environment where employees’ inputs are valued and they are willing to perform diligently, the organization may face serious consequences. In one case, the University of Washington Advancement team faces a particularly challenging task, generating the need to mobilize every possible effort to manage inclusivity and accountability to produce outstanding results. In light of the theoretical and practical relevance of these concepts, the present research has undertaken an effort to explore their impact in the context of organizational behavior within UW Advancement. Organizational Context The UW Advancement department is a body of professionals that is aimed at raising money for a variety of activities in the realms of individual and group development. Included in the organization’s values are meaningful engagement among students, alumni, and other stakeholders as well as pride, advocacy, and philanthropy (the University of Washington Advancement, n.d.). A recent Gallup (2018) engagement survey conducted among the employees of this department revealed that the team received low scores in parameters such as inclusivity (3.95/5) and accountability (3.85/5). This assessment outlined critical problems within the UW Advancement that are having an impact on its efficiency and effectiveness. Consequently, the present research is aimed to explore factors affecting inclusivity and accountability. The study will be set within the UW Advancement organization. Theoretical Foundations One key goal of an enterprise is to achieve maximum profitability while incurring minimum costs. The attempt to attain this goal has fostered the em
Imperialism describes the guiding principle of a country to enlarge its financial and biased affairs to other nations whether it’s serenely or not. This means that you began with nothing but you grab what belongs to your neighbor at your own interest. And as for this case the Asians have faced this eviction. It also involves an empire which entails people coming from different origins under different governance. Therefore we can define an America empire depending on its political, military, and the cultural influence. So we can say that America has become imperialistic and the reason for it becoming one was in order to take the control of the market in order to sell its products and also to be in a position to get raw products such as oil for the case of Iran. This has been achieved through acquisition of the seas way and a bourns. Imperialism can be viewed in term of culture, armed forces and biased power (Brown, 1994). The cultural imperialism entails the liberty and social equality of its people. The cultural and cooperate influence is causing a major disappearance of these cultures we have in America. Americans believe that they are advanced and high above the rest which is partly true because they boost the world’s economy, the America Corporation truly feel and want to control the world’s consumers as well. Americans believe that their culture is superior but the only way to convince the other world that this is true is through marketing. People have that strong believe that anything made in the America or with a logo that says made in America is of high quality to a point of no doubts allover the world its something planted in the brain (Callahan, 2003). This is whether one is selling goods or the whole culture itself. However the America Empire is superior and it needs to respect the other religion tradition and culture. This is because all of us need each other. It is not simple to manage alone. Whether a catholic or a protestant or Judaism we all play a crucial role in the world today. We can also learn much from the other religion such as Buddhist, Native American. We have the best military power in the whole world but we are not able to take charge of every event. We need the assistance of others. Secondly we check on the influence of America on the rest of the world. America as a great empire must depend on its cultural influence, political influence and military strength. The America rules the world with its television, Movies, songs and internet but what message do they pass to its viewers? Does it teach the world how to be self controlled and citizens who care about the others (Callahan, 2003). In my opinion I strongly feel that our great power can be used for the bitterness of its people, off course we cannot live without the use of power meaning that it’s unavoidable to stay without military power. As we see the military action threat has been enacted in Iran and Afghanistan I feel that yeah it’s important but there are innocent people dying out there and yes it was good idea but has it resulted into its rebuilding of the nation. Military action s
Executive summary Good service is dependent on the selection and management of employees, as well as the process of creation and educating of standards. Sustainable advantage in the service industry in the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts has been attributed to delivery of efficient personal service, which is a difficult but rewarding process. Personal service has emerged as the single most vital value proposition due to the convergence for various trends over the years, including rapid change and increasing affluence. Increasing wealth is a contributing factor since the higher purchasing power removes barriers of opportunity and happiness, though time cannot be bought, and this necessitates the need for leisure at every opportunity that presents itself. When selecting a luxury hotel, there are various factors that are considered including: impeccable service; welcoming atmosphere; provision of exceptional service in catering for individual needs; an overall enjoyable hotel experience; and an experience that leaves one feeling rejuvenated. Four seasons have adapted to using social networks to keep in touch with their guests, and other people interested in their services, especially through a fan page in their facebook account. They keep their fans updated on events happening in the hotel and resort by posting pictures of wedding couples and information on new offers, deals and packages. The facebook updates have been observed to be quite helpful to the fans, who obtain information regarding the various services offered, when the married couples comment on the service. Four Seasons has been able to retain high revenue per available room (RevPAR) while competing on a service basis that is motivated by values and focus. This is because Four Seasons specializes in luxury hospitality, which has enabled them to acquire a deep understanding of what pleases the guests most. Introduction Four Seasons Hotels and Resort was founded in 1961. Its primary focus since it began its activities has been the provision of exceptional personal service, making this its distinguishing competitive advantage. Their focus on personal service has been based on the need for highly reliable and satisfying service for the affluent travellers. According to Sturman (2006), service differs from physical assets in that service is a “product of people, systems and culture, which are dynamic and created over longer periods of time”. Good service is dependent on the selection
The firm offers an automated, well organized website that gives the customers easy time when transacting businesses online. Those selling items are able to display their goods and every detail including prices on the site. Auctioneers have found it easier to use e-Bay since it helps them perform every step involved during auction as well as providing completed transaction to both the seller and the bidder. The company offer buyers free browsing time, this provides cheap channel for buyers to access high quality goods while on the other hand sellers are able to access large market with rich customer base (Tang 371- 376; Feng et al 467-503). The company has protected its customers from fraudulent activities that may occur in the process business transactions. It provides its clients with insurance for the first $200 of every transaction performed through its site. They give the customers opportunity to socialize freely using their site. They offer clients the opportunity to choose one station where to list their inventories (Tang 371- 374) Connected Activities The e-Bay company entered into partnership with several other companies which formed the basis of its expansion (Tang 371). The company is currently involved with products that have ready market. There is also involvement in vertical channels that sees the company sell automobiles and other industrial goods boosting the company’s revenue. The company partners with outside vendors to offer to clients additional assistance services. The firm offers education to its users and this help in improving the customer’s proficiency in online activities. The company has created several sub sites that helps in the sale of some goods like used cars, Kelley Blue Books helps the firm in advertising prices and information regarding commodities on sale (Tang 376-377). The firm has adopted the use of non-auction methods to sell off products. It also created the program that enables buyers to win auctions as fast as possible. The firm uses a strong brand name which has been one of the driving forces behind their success. They use the brand name to attract new customers through partnership and advertisement in the internet. It partnered with American Online which led to co-branding of the auction sites; this gave eBay a good base to market its products. It also incorporated its activities in MSN through partnership with Microsoft Corporation. The firm has further partnered with several service providers to offer enough space an
Introduction In 1700 de Witt already expected the influences of regna youth and socio-political, even economic potential to prompt Austria and Prussia to wage wars of conquest as a result of Spanish incapacity to assure equilibrium between the two great powers. His observation is commonplace; the same understandings could be found in the observations of astute observers all across Europe, not only about Austria but about Prussia as well. The nominal as a philosophical mode of argument began to undermine the belief in the intrinsic qualities and powers of kings in the late fifteenth century; humanists such as Buda, Rubella’s, and Le Roy sought to shore them up. Kings were believed to possess a nature that obliged them to conduct military actions. This gift was believed to be in their blood. Therefore a monarchy was taken as strong when it had a king who could organize and lead his militant for conquest. This constituted one of the major features of the monarchy. (E. Lavisse1911) Prussian and Austrian monarchies: factors of growing In political terms, Early-Modern kings were more respected, than the current leaders. Their subjects more willingly turned over their resources to them if they confirmed this idea of monarchial nature by riding at the head of their armies in battle. While the war was thought to be a scourge, and its devastating effects were lamented, protest by constituted bodies, the royal council, the assemblies of the clergy, the assemblies of notables, and the estates-generals, rarely ventured to criticize wars for either conquest or defense in the long history of the Ancients Régime. Our century has accustomed us to puppet kings ruling in puppet kingdoms to monarchs who spend their time in ceremonial. Such was not the case in Prussian and Austrian monarchies. The inflation of the kings’ titles was watered down in the 19th century, which then lowed the king’s dignity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Before then kingship was acquired through inheritance and no diplomat or group of diplomats was elected as a king or a Queen. (E. Lavisse1911) The dignity of king or queen was held by only a select few who were endowed with the dynastic heritage, territory, and marriages with other royal houses to sustaining the dignity. Some Prussian and Austrian families had more illustrious and ancient pedigrees than some of those born to the dignity of a king, but these lacked the territorial possessions to sustain the title. For example, in Europe Wittelsbachs were certainly of more ancient nobility than the Bourbons, but Bavaria and the Palatinate combined still did not make a Monarchies Françoise in territorial dimensions, nor confer the power to conduct war, because of the size of the European realm. In this type of leadership, the dignity held by a young prince made him devise a method of how to conquest other kingdoms and expand his territory, to earn more respect from his subject. In the end, a precedent would be set when an electoral family finally gained the title king as it was in Prussia, but for a time they were still denied the
Many organizations have failed to define what is ethically acceptable when it comes to physical appearance. The goals of an organization are not bound by how attractive the employees are. However, some organizations’ nature dictates that employees be good-looking, as in modeling, where four out of five employees are beautiful (Klein & Shtudiner 2021). In most countries, discriminating against an individual based on beauty is not illegal. When analyzing each employee’s productivity, it is evident that beautiful employees perform poorly since their focus is on beautification and show-offs rather than working towards the company’s mission. With this kind of productivity scenario, it is clear that appearance does not affect an organization’s daily activities. Therefore, an employer should not be permitted by law to discriminate against persons who are not attractive. While some organizations tend to hire beautiful job seekers, it is of no value to its general profitability. Salaries for good appearing employees are slightly elevated, and their promotions are rapid compared to those who are not beautiful (Luo, Rossion & Dzhelyova 2019). When analyzing this trend, the organization focuses on appearance rather than performance, leading to an incompetent team. Therefore, 50% of the problems faced in a diversified group’s team performance usually originate from the recruitment stage, whereby human resource managers tend to be biased when recruiting (Klein & Shtudiner 2021). Research indicates that the productivity of an organization has an infinitesimal or no direct relation with employees’ external appearance Physical appearance discrimination can be legal but will never be ethical. According to Klein & Shtudiner (2021), employees who are considered ugly are paid 5% to 10% less than those relatively beautiful. Employees who have an outstanding appearance have a salary that is 10% higher than the intermediate class. Nevertheless, modeling, media, and clothing companies require good-looking employees. It is based on the fact that beautiful employees sell