ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Born on August 22, 1862, Achille-Claude Debussy began his musical education as an apprentice of Madame Muate, a Chopin’s pupil. In 1873, he joined the Conservatory, became a student in Marmontel’s piano class, and won numerous prizes for his remarkable performances and highly praised musical pieces. In 1884, he was awarded the first prize for “L’Enfant prodigue.” In 1888, he wrote “Suite Bergamasque”. At the end of the 1880es, he formed an artistic and personal bond with the symbolists which brings us his first symphonic work “Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune” in 1892. Soon after this he starts working on the “Pelléas et Mélisande” opera which takes him ten years to finish. He does not stop releasing other musical pieces during that time, and the world sees “Quatuor à Cordes” and “Nocturnes” in 1893, “Suite pour le piano” in 1900, and “Estampes” in 1903. He composes scores for plays like “Le Martyre de saint Sébastien” and does orchestral music. His last orchestral composition was a score written for the Russian ballet “Jeux”. His private life was just as intricate as his personality. He was not a simple man to shoulder – intelligent, sophisticated, stubborn, and obsessed his affections caused much trouble to the women he had relationships with. “Independence is the dominant factor to his character. <…> He hated vulgarity in any form, and his epicurean or sybaritic impulses often deprived him of the sheer material necessities, yet they were essential to his heart and soul” (Schmitz 5). Being slightly sociopathic, Debussy translated these tendencies and peculiarities into his work. He was married twice. He met his first spouse, Rosalie “Lilly” Texier, in 1898. She was the daughter of a “widowed telegraph inspector” and a friend of Debussy’s then-lover Gabrielle Dupont. They married the next year. According to Nichols, “Lilly hesitated before plunging into marriage – even though in September Debussy threatened in eloquent style to kill himself” (18). She spent almost five years by his side only to become unceremoniously abandoned in favor of another woman – Emma Bardac. Bardac was married to a Parisian banker when she started her affair with Debussy. When it was made public, a huge scandal broke out: Lilly tried to shoot herself once the issue of divorce was raised, and Bardac was disowned by her family causing her and Debussy to move to England. They got married on January 20 th ,1908, three years after the birth of their daughter, Claude-Emma Debussy. Life was never easy for people in a relationship with him. His colleague and friend, Mary Garden, who used to know Debussy well, described him as a person of questionable affections. She assumed he never really loved anyone apart from himself, and he never cared about anyone the way he cared about his music. This rollercoaster of emotion could not fail to leave a
The polar bear is an important species in the Northern Hemisphere which is threatened by extinction. Global warming and other human activities are endangering their ecosystems and this has led to a reduction in their number. They need to maintain constant body temperatures for them to survive in their natural habitat. Oil drilling in the northern hemisphere has led to the pollution of their habitats which makes it difficult for them to breed and feed themselves. An increase in hunting has reduced their population and poses a big threat to their existence. All activities that have a negative impact on the survival of polar bears need to be halted to avert their extinction. The polar bear is a very important species to both the US and humanity as a whole. The mammal has a lot of economic benefits because governments which have conserved habitats where these animals are found can benefit positively from tourism revenues. Bears feed on seals and other animals and this helps to maintain biodiversity in the northern hemisphere. In some regions, polar bears are used as a source of food for people living there. Their bodies have a lot of furs which is used to make clothes. Humanity needs to act to save the polar bear. Global warming needs to be addressed urgently to prevent ice in the north pole from melting. It is also necessary for communities that live near polar bear habitats to conserve these habitats to protect this species from extinction. Countries which occupy the Northern hemisphere need to stop oil companies from drilling delicate ecosystems. This will help to protect the natural habitats of polar bears, seals and other endangered species from pollution. Polar bears need to be protected because they help to foster biodiversity in the Northern Hemisphere. All governments need to work together to save the p
Introduction Commercial advertisements are very manipulative and use tactics that directly and involuntarily appeal to the mind of the target person. Despite ignorance of the same and disbelief in their effects, advertisements remain complex and significant in choice of products owned by an individual. Usually, commercial advertisements appeal to memory or emotional response. As a result, it creates an intrinsic motivation response that triggers the mind to activate affiliation, self-acceptance, and feign community feeling. In the end, advertisements succeed in appealing to emotions through capitalization on biases and prejudices of people (“Introduction to Media Literacy” 3). This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review how commercial advertisements misrepresent the reality in terms of their appeal to needs, desires, and values. Specifically, the analysis functions on the claim that commercial advertisements are created to manipulate our perception on the ‘ideal’. The analysis is based on explict reviews of five commercial advertisments appealing to sexuality. These commercial advertisments are Fair & Lovely ad (2004), DAX Hair Care ad (2002), Nivea Skin Care ad (2009), Qymia ad (2010), and Nivea 48 hrs for Men ad (2012). Commercial advertisements on gender identity and sexuality Perception of the mind is often ignited through series of propaganda initiatives aimed at awakening involuntary desire to possess or associate with a product or service. Advertising involves building friendly partnership and working relationship with a market segment without necessarily having physical contact with it. In fact, the main source of exchanging information and advertising products is through audio visual medium. Therefore, through timely appeal to emotions and self-prejudice, advertising agencies have realized that human mind is often skewed towards embracing the ‘perceived goodness’ and need to identify with ‘the ideal’(“Introduction to Media Literacy” 4). Interestingly, these aspects are clearly painted as perfect in the various advertisements about products and services. At the beginning of the last decade, female sexually was widely embraced as shifting from dependency to independency. This was well captured in the DAX Hair Care advertisement which portrayed the symbol of perfection in the image of the beautiful user of the air product. The advertisement appeals to beauty and youthfulness as part of the feminine subjectivity. The commercial is strategically sound since it is designed for the women audience and is driven by the object of perfection designed to convey information to women about the attractiveness of their hair. Several advertisement criteria have succeeded in influencing human mind into buying products, especially after the same have triggered their minds. For instance, ‘name calling’ as a propag
Hospital medical doctors rely on relevant and reliable medical databases for the professional performance of their medical oath. The research centers on physicians’ exchange of medical research information with other physicians in the community. The research centers on both the drawbacks and expected benefits of data distribution systems. The hospital physicians can choose between distributed data processing and centralized data processing. Distributed data processing centers . Under this process, different programs have their own databases. Each of the hospitals will have their own separate databases (Http://Ebookee.Org). The doctors in one hospital cannot access the databases from another hospital in the community. Hospital A will have its own database software. In turn, Hospital B will have its own database software. All the other hospitals have their own database software systems. Each hospital’s software does not share the same files with the other hospitals in the community. In a single processor computer, the central processing unit (CPU) and its input /output operations are separated and overlapped (Ozsu, 2011, p. 2). Other examples of distributed data processing include web-based applications, electronic commerce business over the internet, multimedia applications, as well as medical imaging. There are expected benefits from using the distributed data processing system. One of the expected benefits of the system is the implementation of the divide and conquer rule. One can better solve a complicated problem by dividing the problem into segments. Each person or group is assigned to solve one separate segment of the problem at the same time. Each team will contribute its own segment solutions to the entire group. Under the distributed data processing system, the time needed to solve one problem is reduced to allowable time periods. Second, e
Errol Morris This website is a personal website of Errol Morris a renowned film director. The website has many web pages such as: biography that describes famous works of EM, commercials directed by EM, news and events that feature EM, links to other film industry personnel engaged by EM, store that sells EM movies and books on EM’s work and interviews by and with EM. Most of EM’s work is based on non-fictional stories related to American politics and events. Some of the popular films of EM are “Gates of Heaven” and “The Thin Blue Line”; he received a special tribute at Sundance Film Festival in 2001. Wattstax Wattstax is a film about the lifestyle of African-American black community. Wattstax was a music concert organized by the Stax organization for the benefit of the southern black community and the performers. The original film featured in 1973, with a re-shot ending. The Issac Hayes songs “Theme from Shaft” and “Soulsville” were removed due to threats of rights dispute from MGM. The original lost ending records were uncovered by film restoration expert Tom Christopher from the film-handling and storing facility in Burbank. Tom worked on the records for weeks to restore 10 minute original ending that was filmed in the re-released film in 2003 after thirty years of its original release. Ross McElwee Ross McElwee is a professor in Department of Visual and Environmental Studies in Harvard University; he started his career as a studio cameraman and then freelanced and shot documentary films for D.A. Pennebaker and John Marshall. He started production and direction of documentaries in 1976 and since then has made seven feature-length documentaries. Film “Sherman’s March” has won the Best Documentary award at the Sundance Film Festival. Ricky Leacock reaction to Ross McElwee’s films is quoted in 2007 Full Frame Documentary Film Festival Catalogue: “The influence of Direct Cinema punctured by the honesty of a personal, subjective style make McElwee’s work utterly poignant and determinedly entertaining“. The Internet Movie Database The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of international movies. The database is organized to allow search by title of the TV series or movie. The database that is also indexed by the country name has a provision to find the title of the TV series or the movie by the first alphabet of the title. The members of the online IMDb can post their comments about the feature, participate in online polls and post IMDb Resume that provides a web page with IMDb address. The website lists the most box-office hit movies and TV series, celebrity news, studio events and list of new movies that are released on DVD. Super Size Me (2004) at IMDb Super Size Me is a comedy drama and a documentary written and directed by Morgan Spurlock and released on 21 May, 2004. The director Morgan Spurlock indulges himself in McDonald’s fast food only diet three times a day for 30 days to investigate the effects of fast food on the health of Americans. He undergoes examination by three doctors to analyze
In the process of their work, doctors regularly encounter dilemmas that are not only purely therapeutic but also moral. The most extreme case is the issue of life and death when specialists have to solve issues related to the continuation of human life. The purpose of this essay is to consider the moral and ethical aspects of the given situation related to the decision to limit life support. The issue associated with making this choice is related to the concept of passive euthanasia. Passive euthanasia is the legal termination or refusal of life-supporting treatment at the request of the patient. An example of such a solution is the case considered in this essay linked to the case of Mr. Martinez. Mr. Martines is 75-years old patient with an obstructive pulmonary disease treated in the hospital due to an upper respiratory tract infection. It could be said that the patient didn’t have a high quality of life because of breathing problems and frequent respiratory infections (“COPD,” 2017). At the beginning of the treatment, he requested that CPR must not be performed should he require it, and his wife also supported this decision. Over time, Mr. Martinez’s condition steadily improved, and there was no direct threat to his life. If the course of treatment were continued, then there would be a high probability that Mr. Martinez would have completely recovered. It could have been possible if there was not an increase in the level of oxygen supply, which led to respiratory failure. At this moment, the question ceases to be purely medical and goes into the field of making morally complex decisions. Doctors have a choice: to save a patient who is in serious condition or to take into account his desire and not take any action. The dilemma with limiting life support is the contradiction between the medical principles and the needs of a specific person. In the case of terrible distress, there is no time for hesitation; however, this only means that this topic should be thought out in advance after receiving recommendations from the family. This case, firstly, requires a more transparent approach to the formulation of CPR. It is a set of measures aimed at restoring the body’s vital functions and removing it from the state of clinical death (“What is CPR?,” 2020). Since this set of procedures affects precisely the process of resuscitation and not the life-supporting, the situation with Mr. Martinez should be resolved in favor of helping him. Thus, the ethical principles that are most relevant to this problem consist of non-contradiction to the direct desire of the person and strict adherence to the wording. It should be noted that this problem arose as a result of the malfunction of the equipment. Assisting the patient, in this case, is a justified correction of the hospital’s fault, which led to this tragedy, and it does not contradict the refusal to resuscitate. On the other hand, the inactivity of doctors in this situation can result in conflict, since the possible death of Mr. Martinez will be connected with a medical error. Thus, the patient should be given all possible assistance not only to save him but also to avoid any conflicts, up to movin
Business firms have a responsibility to maintain and improve the environment in different locations where they operate. This essay will take a position in favor of the main argument which states that business firms have a responsibility to maintain the environment. The list below is a summation of important points from various articles that talk about the subject: Business firms have a responsibility to protect the environment from different forms of degradation which have negative impacts on living and non living things. Business firms need to use clean energy sources to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide and other harmful greenhouse gases they emit into the atmosphere. Business firms have a responsibility to act in the best interests of their stakeholders to ensure they do not get exposed to various environmental hazards. Enterprises need to ensure their operations conform to high quality environmental practices to build positive relationships with their clients. Environmental conservation enables business firms to preserve scarce natural resources such as water and forests for future generations. Discussion and Summary Business organizations need to formulate important policies that compel them to observe high quality environmental practices in their operations. Business firms need to increase their awareness on high quality environmental practices which impact on their operations in various locations they operate in. During periods of economic boom, some firms do not take their environmental responsibilities seriously. Such firms are likely to engage in harmful environmental practices which endanger the wellbeing of people living in communities which are located close to where they operate (Rivera & Delmas, 2004, p. 230). Therefore, business firms need to conduct an audit of their internal and external operations to ensure they conform to high environmental standards. As a result, this approach enables them to be considerate to other people, animals and plants which depend on different natural resources for their survival. Managers need to integrate high quality environmental practices with other long term business strategies to enable their organizations to conform to sustainable development practices. They need to implement appropriate energy policies to reduce their overall carbon footprints. Therefore, business firms need to use renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power for their internal operations. Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas emit harmful greenhouse gases into the atm
It is imperative to assert that individuals vary in numerous aspects. Therefore, it is a vital consideration in workplace especially in organizations where diversity is unavoidable. Such diversities encompass gender, racial background, as well as religion. Diversity management practices (DMP) encompass formal efforts developed and applied by an organization to administer variety effectively among its stakeholders. The kind of diversity in question can be disadvantageous to an organization unless managed. Its containment in an organization is achievable through efficient HRM. International firms, which hire labor force globally, are quite vulnerable to racial diversity, which can subsequently culminate to an ethnic discrimination. With good and elaborated governance, organizational efforts to sustain diversity can curb the negative effects of perceived racial discrimination amongst employees for better commitment, together with performance (Shen, Chanda, D’Netto & Monga, 2009). Evidence indicates that prejudice in the workplace exists, and if not well managed, the results can be destructive to the organization’s prosperity. Organizations can draft and implement diversity management practices successfully via utilization of many diversified strategies. New Zealand among other countries has a larger populace of international immigrants with varied cultural roots. In this country, multiculturalism has demonstrated the most crucial aspect of diversity and this elicits little or no assumption in major workstations. The strategies in place have to set legal practices, which upon implementation can effectively govern the ultimate diversity. A varied workforce encompasses a multitude of viewpoints, thoughts, ethics, perceptions, and culture. Quick internationalization as well as globalization has enhanced the worth of workforce diversity. A cross-cultural and multicultural labor force is a widespread strand in organizations and corporations worldwide. The benefits of diversity cannot be a subject of assumption. This is evident by the research indications that diversity advances the excellence of management’s decisions, and grants innovative thoughts as well as superior resolutions to organizational tribulations. Pragmatic evidence indicates that firms having valuable diversity administration are prone to enjoying numerous benefits. Plentiful Human Resource diversity efforts undergo embracement by many organizations globally (Triana, Garcia, & Colella, 2010). In the arenas of change, organizations can develop and implement DMP in various ways. This is a subject to dissimilar perceptions mounted on qualities of HRM and their subsequent duties. Among the numerous ideal practices, include fair remuneration to the employs without any discrimination, an elaborated selection and staffing, complete training and nurturing of the prospective employees. Others encompass equality, flexible regulations, staff support, and performance administration, among others (Shen et al., 2009). As for selection and staffing of the employs, several policies that embrace diversity are recommendable. Employs are the true depi
Introduction Automating commercial planes causes errors and unpredictable behaviors in automated systems, which surprise flight and ground crew. Human operators often question the commands of an automated system because one cannot control the “indirect” mode changes of the system. “Indirect” mode changes impede teamwork between operators and automated systems (Wiener, 1989). “Automation surprises” is a term used to describe the unexpected cases of system malfunctions. Commercial airlines often automate systems because human beings are prone to error and subject to stress. Automation is either human-centered or technology-centered. Human operators cannot control fully automated cockpit systems, which makes total automation (technology-centered) of the functions of the first officer a bad idea. However, automation of commercial planes is a good idea if the automated systems are human-centered. Human-centered approach The human-centered approach considers both the human perspective and the computer-centered approach when developing solutions to reduce human error. “Automation surprises” emerge when both factors interact without proper integration of human factors into automated systems. Human operators monitor cockpit systems to prevent irregular mode changes because automated programs are sensitive to environmental constraints and weaknesses. Cockpit designers introduced automation to lessen the work performed by human operators. However, Sarter, Woods, and Billings (1997) claim that an automation not only eases workload for operators, but also exhibits side-effects caused by increased system-coupling. Modern cockpit systems support pilots in low workload phases of flight, but experience problems when critical and unexpected circumstances arise. Lack of access to relevant flight data outside automated areas causes malfunctions in automated systems. For instance, when air traffic controllers (ATC) request flight trajectory change data at intervals, automated systems cannot send the information to Air Traffic Controllers without help from a human operator. Having a first officer is crucial in aviation because the officer transmits data to Air Traffic Controllers on request. Automation of the functions of the first officer increases workload for the pilot and the second officer because both end up communicating with the system at every clearance. Computer-Centered Approach The computer-centered perspective focuses on the individual components of an automated system, which exhibit mode changes with changes in the operating environment. System autonomy increases demand for mode awareness because breakdowns in an automated system cause “automation surprises.” Without human monitoring, automation causes erroneous mode changes, accidents, and malfunctions in cockpit systems (Sarter et al., 1997). Linking Human factors and Computer-Centered Approach Cockpit designers should evaluate both human and computer-centered approaches beca