ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Countries do benefit from international trade in a broad way. There might be flaws as far as benefiting from international trade is concerned but there is evidence to show that many countries have benefited from this. Every country has its own expectations and targets as far as benefiting from international trade is concerned and this is something that has always differed. It is quite evident that every country goes into international trade with an aim of benefiting and this has been fulfilled in various occasions. There are good signs and indications to show that international trade has benefited many countries and this should be capitalized on for long term sustainability (Glyn 23). Therefore, it is undeniable that countries have benefited a lot from international trade. We live in a unique society where we can not say that we have everything thereby justifying international trade. The world has become an open economy where people can move from one place to the other without many restrictions thereby advancing trade. There is no country that has ever shied away from international trade and this is a fact. In this case, we can not say that there is any given country that lives in abundance meaning that there is everything to gain through strategic partnerships and cooperation. All the countries whether developed, developing or underdeveloped can benefit from international trade in various ways. International trade can only thrive in an environment that does not have any barriers (Watson 34). Such barriers can be looked at from an economic point of view through quotas, tariffs and other government subsidies. In cases and occasions where such aspects have been well effected and implemented, countries have benefited a lot from international trade. Such practices enable different countries to get goods and services that they are not able to produce on their own. Countries benefit from international trade because it has become the backbone of our modernity and commercial world. This can be looked at from different perspectives because there are positivity’s and negativity’s that can be realized from international trade. It is quite practical that producers from different countries can benefit and profit from a wide and open global market through international trade. There is a large population that has been lifted out of poverty through international trade. International trade enables companies to access new markets thereby employing more people from their communities and environments (Glyn 51). In the long run, a lot of people are lifted out of poverty because they can
While any sphere needs competent and effective leaders, the criminal justice system is notable for its specific requirements as chiefs are responsible for making decisions that will affect all populations. They not only have to solve numerous problems but also do their best to improve the system and change the current situation for the better. As a result, choosing a proper leadership style becomes important. This paper examines two letters from Mayor D.L. Plusquellic and Chief of Police J. Nice that are connected with public opinion and the assistance request. In these letters, the cooperation with the FBI is considered to be a potentially effective solution, and both leaders draw attention to this fact asking to change the federal government’s policy ( Akron Policy Change Request 1). In this example, the leadership style of Akron’s Mayor and Police Chief is discussed and criticized. Leadership Styles First and foremost, one should understand the contents of the term “leadership style.” Although much work has been done in this sphere and different approaches have been developed and represented in academic sources, there is no unanimous agreement. According to the Lewins’ framework, one of the most wide-spread classifications, there are democratic, autocratic, and Laissez-faire leadership styles (Harvey 91). Another conception is transformational leadership. The choice of this type seems advantageous. This preference is explained by the situation in which the mayor and police chief act. As has been mentioned above, both of them are concerned with the recent shooting accidents. Thus, they seek for collaboration with the FBI and want to implement a considerable change that is likely to affect the whole population and organization and transform the existing order to achieve this goal. In this respect, it is necessary to scrutinize what the transformational leadership model implicates in general and within the criminal justice system. Transformational leadership has been the object of interest in recent years. A large body of literature pertaining to this type of leadership in different professional spheres exists. Researchers state that this approach emerged as the most significant and influential framework for the present-day leaders (Cleavenger and Munyon 352). It is emphasized that charismatic and inspirational leadership, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration are integrated (Wrench and Punyanunt-Carter 300). Charisma, in the modern sense of this term, implies the “star quality” (Roe 126). To put it bluntly, a charismatic leader shows the power to be regarded as an exceptional individual by other people. The set of qualities that characterizes a leader includes the traits and abilities associated with power and dominance. Then, in terms of intellectual stimulation, a good leader encourages employees to be creative and open to innovations. Critical thinking skills play a significant role: the values and traditions of an organization are not to be blindly accepted, on the contrary, transformational leaders foster challengi
Introduction Cigarettes are not just addictive but also result in severe illnesses in smokers. For smokers that are apprehensive about the health issues of smoking, the most excellent thing to settle on is to quit because no cigarette is safe (Malone 2013). Philip Morris is an international tobacco corporation that is based in the United States and whose products trade in more than two hundred nations and enjoys over fifteen percent of the worldwide cigarette market base. Philip Morris concurs with the overwhelming medical and scientific evidence that smoking results in emphysema, heart illnesses, and lung cancer, as well as other severe illnesses amid smokers. Smokers have a higher possibility of developing such severe illnesses when compared to non-smokers (Samet 2013). Philip Morris also affirms that smoking causes addiction thereby making it taxing for people to stop smoking. Nonetheless, addiction does not make it impossible for smokers that are determined to quit. Enhanced awareness and educational programs ought to be carried out in an effort of helping present smokers and prospective smokers in making firm decisions against smoking. Philip Morris and Proof of Health Issues Philip Morris admits the existence of scientific proof that smoking leads to lung cancer in addition to other severe illnesses even after years of disputing such findings from health professionals (Hiilamo, Crosbie & Glantz 2014). In the contemporary times, Philip Morris, the biggest tobacco company in the United States, has shifted nearer to existing scientific view regarding the medical concerns of cigarette smoking since it has encountered rising pressure from smoking-associated regulations and court cases. As a section of a 100 million US dollars’ organizational reputation campaign through a new website, Philip Morris explicitly asserted that smoking could result in emphysema, lung cancer, and heart illnesses to mention a few. The action by Philip Morris generates an inclination amid tobacco companies of attempting to place health-associated concerns behind them after settling lawsuits made by the states that seek the recovery of their Medicaid expenses for the treatment of cigarette-related sicknesses. Through making revelations concerning the health risks of smoking, Philip Morris could have the desire of making it more difficult for the people who carry on smoking to file charges against the company by contending that such people knew the likely dangers. Apart from Philip Morris, many other concerns have made the health issues of cigarette smoking evident. There is a noticeable swing for Philip Morris and other companies, especially concerning the concerns of medical welfare and smoking. Earlier, Philip Morris had maintained, for instance, that cigarette smoking presents an insignificant risk asp
The fall of communism in Eastern Europe has led to a long-term issue of human trafficking in some of the nations in the region. Governments in the region have different levels of appreciation for human trafficking rules, and their instability is a major cause of the issue. It is apparent that the majority of the people involved in the crime are women looking for better opportunities in the neighboring rich nations. Organized crimes, support groups for human trafficking, and recruitment strategies are the main avenues of propagating human trafficking in the region. Human trafficking of Eastern European women is facilitated by the presence of resourceful gangs that engage in the crime with minimal risks of being arrested. The gangs have connections in their home countries and host nations where the women are sold cheaply (Salt 31). Extensive corruption cases are also a major contributing factor in the expansion of human trafficking in the Eastern Europe region. Borders in the region are relatively porous; hence the human trafficking gangs have an easy task of transporting women and young girls from their respective nations to the richer nations that offer better opportunities. Motivational Factors of Human Trafficking It is clear that the respective governments of the worst affected nations by human trafficking of Eastern European women have failed in delivering social and personal needs of the citizens. The unavailability of human societal needs, including self-actualization, love and belonging, safety and security, as well as physiological needs, is the main source of motivation for human trafficking in the region. Most women look to exit their respective nations with the hope that their new home will offer better opportunities to acquire human societal needs. The majority of the women trafficked through to the more developed nations claim that their motivation to escape from their home countries is to find better lives. Econo
Introduction The digital transformation and the transition to the online environment used to be seen as the prerogative of the organizations that provided solely the services that could be easily translated into the online context due to the absence of direct physical interactions between the end user and the end product or service. Specifically, organizations offering educational opportunities, computer software, and similar products appeared to be the primary audiences for which targeting the digital setting. However, with the rapid development of the online market platform and the digital services having become ubiquitous in every industry, most companies must consider entering the digital realm, which usually poses a range of challenges due to the lack of preparedness. Although SADARA operates in the chemical industry, which is not related to the digital market directly, the organization needs to build a well-functioning supply chain within the digital realm and transition to the digital context seamlessly due to the opportunities for enhanced interaction with customers and business partners, as well as streamlining its organizational processes and managing quality more effectively. Digital Transformation When considering the specific changes that SADARA will have to undergo in order to enter the KSA digital economy realm, one should consider applying E2E digital transformation framework as the most effective strategy with the greatest potential. The concept of E2E is fairly simple since it presupposes eliminating any intermediary between a chemical company and its end customer, thus streamlining the process of service or product delivery (Ivanov et al., 2020). Therefore, the digital transformation in question will have to be viewed as a threefold process, which will include the enhancement of the company’s communication, increase in quality management, and the improvement of the organization’s supply chain with its further expansion. In fact, the three processes in question are closely interrelated. Specifically, the improvement of the supply chain will require increased quality of communication, similarly to the manufacturing process, so that the number of errors and defects could be minimized. Lastly, innovative communication tools will have to be used to encourage the dialogue between the company and its customers, thus managing possible complains and improving the quality of service consistently. Therefore, apart from other transformations, the creation of a digital application that will allow SADARA to receive feedback from its customers will be strongly required. The application will help to respond to complaints and suggestions for quality improvement in real time, thus building the company’s reputation in customers’ eyes and increasing SADARA’s presence both in the KSA and global chemical markets. Specifically, the application in question should provide an opportunity for gathering feedback from customers as the source of further insights fr improving the quality of service and the products delivered to end customers. However, the transitioning to the agile framework and the inc
Introduction Background Study Literacy ability of learners is a major concern for educators. It is commonly agreed that the literacy ability of an individual is highly influenced by early childhood learning. Kindergarten is the first educational institution where formal education is introduced and where education foundation of an individual is formed. Due to the importance of early childhood education, there have been a lot of researches aimed at improving this education. Reading and understanding the meaning of words is a major concern for education. As it is discovered in various researches, early failure in literacy leads to long term literacy problems. These observations suggest that building a good literacy foundation in children is the most important step toward ensuring literacy (Foorman, Chen, Carlson, Moats, Francis & Fletcher, 2003, p. 291). Research studies in the recent past have shown correlation between phonemic awareness and literacy. This research study wants to use quantitative method to find the relationship between phonic awareness and early word recognition in kindergarten children. There is agreement that phonemic awareness plays a major role in success in reading. Phonemic awareness has also been associated with certain reading disability. Phonemic awareness is used synonymously with phonological awareness, phonetic awareness, acoustic awareness, phonemic categorization, auditory analysis, and phonemic segmentation (Al Otaiba & Fuchs, 2002, 302). These synonyms suggest the meaning of the term; however, some authors try to differentiate phonemic awareness from the other terms. Bryant and Goswami claim that phonemic awareness is the ability to recognize individual phonemes while phonological awareness constitute broad awareness including awareness of rhyme and syllables. Various scholars have differing definitions of phonemic awareness. Blachman and Ball define phonemic awareness as the awareness that spoken words are made up of individual sounds; the ability to identify the individual phonemes of a word (Ball & Blachman, 1991, p. 46). Stanovich prefers to use phonological awareness but emphasizes on the level or sensitivity of phonological awareness. The role of phonics in learning how to read had drawn various opinions in the past. However, various researches in the recent past have supported the importance of phonics instructions in reading (Foorman, Chen, Carlson, Moats, Francis & Fletcher, 2003, p. 302). Inspired by the conclusive findings, there have been calls for phonic instructions to be included in educational policy and practice. In past twenty years there has been agreement on various aspects of reading success and failure. Mann and Hurford have observed that level of phonemic awareness determine whether an individual will be a good or a bad reader in the future (Hurford, Schauf, Bunce, Blaich & Moore, 1994, p. 378). They also suggest that phonemic awareness differentiates good reader from challenged readers. Stanovich claims that phonic instructions help to increase sensitivity to rhyme and alliteration (Ball & Blachman, 1991, p. 52). He see phonological awareness as a process th
Patient Information Initials: AM Age:26 Sex: F Race: Hispanic Subjective Data CC: “watery fish-smelling vaginal discharge” HPI: A 26-year-old Hispanic female presents with a complaint of watery fish-smelling vaginal discharge. The symptoms started about a month ago, and attempts to get rid of the odour have not been successful. AM tried taking showers frequently, but no relief was noticed. She is sexually active and has one partner of the male gender. Location: vagina Onset: 30 days ago Character: watery discharge with a very unpleasant odour Associated signs and symptoms: occasional skin irritation in the vagina Timing: all day round Exacerbating/ relieving factors: when hydrocortisone topical (ointment) is applied, the itching becomes less severe, but the smell still does not disappear Severity: 9/10 pain scale Current Medications: hydrocortisone topical (ointment), several times a day for the past two weeks Allergies: peanuts (angioedema); pollen (allergic rhinitis); penicillin (anaphylaxis) PMHx Pneumonia – treated five years ago Chlamydia – treated two years ago Vaccinations – MMR, HepB, DTaP, Var, PCV, IPV, RV, HPV, PCV13 Last tetanus vaccination – two years ago Soc Hx: AM is a hotel manager, and she spends much time at work. In her free time, the patient enjoys doing sports and going places. AM is not married, but she has been in a serious relationship for the past three years. The patients used to smoke when she was a teen, but she quit nine ye
Introduction Medical institutions are required to provide evidence-based care to their patients. Older patients are usually weak and frail. Such persons tend to have complex health needs. However, many hospitals do not have qualified caregivers to support these patients. Studies indicate that “older people’s wards are usually poorly staffed” (Hayes & Ball, 2012, p. 20). The article “Achieving Safe Staffing for Older People in Hospital” offers powerful guidelines that can support the needs of many elderly patients. The purpose of this essay is to give a detailed review of the above article. The essay will also describe how the presented ideas can be implemented in different healthcare organizations. Review of the Article The article begins by explaining why older patients require quality care. However, many hospitals do not have enough Nurse Practitioners (NPs) to take care of such patients. Wards with poor RN staffing have “inappropriate care activities” (Hayes & Ball, 2012, p. 23). More nurses and caregivers should be hired in order to provide quality care to such patients. Such RNs should also be encouraged to provide timely care (McConnell, Lekan, & Corazzini, 2010). New services such as counseling should be availed in such wards. Professional judgment is also critical whenever providing care to older patients. According to the authors, safe staffing practices and levels are critical to supporting the needs of many elderly populations. Such practices will eventually improve the quality of “mental, emotional, and spiritual care availed to every elderly patient” (Stone, 2013, p. 26). Applications for Practice The ideas and suggestions presented in this article can result in better patient care. The elderly should get the best medical support. However, the current nature of staffing does not support the health needs of such patients. Proper staffing practices “will ensure every older people’s ward has the right number of RNs” (Weinmeyer, 2014, p. 362). Nurses should also collaborate with other stakeholders in order to produce the best results. Such practices will have new implications for more patients and nurses. Implications for Patients The presented recommendations will ensure more patients get the best support. The practices will address the psychological and emotional problems affecting these patients. More patients will be able to present their problems (Hayes & Ball, 2012). They will also be involved in every healing process. They should also collaborate with their families in order to get the best health outcomes. Implications for Nurses Sufficient staffing will encourage more nurses to share their skills. They will also establish new teams in order to offer quality care. They will also embrace m
Maya Angelou: Facts from Biography In this essay, I make a research of the life of Maya Angelou. I aim to find out why she could relate to a theme of a caged bird in many of her poems. From my understanding of her autobiography, Maya had a difficult childhood which may have intrigued her to write the poem “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”. Maya Angelou was born on the 4th April 1928. She had to live with her grandmother after her mother and father divorced. It is during this time that she encountered the difficulties in her life that shaped her to be the great woman she is today. She was sexually abused at the age of eight by her mother’s lover. This fact devastated Maya for five years. She did not speak to anyone after her uncles killed the man who raped her. Maya believed that she had caused the death of the man and felt guilty about the whole incidence, her reasoning being that had she not told revealed the identity of her rapist, he would be alive. Her life is full of challenges for, at the age of sixteen years, she gave birth to her son Guy, and she started trending down the life of single parenthood. Though, later on, she was married, it did not last long. However, her passion for writing did not die with her difficulties. She pressed on amid the difficulties to even receive great awards. The Angelou’s childhood experience her life in general. The poem “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” published in 1983 is also a reflection of it. The Message of “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” I choose to analyze the poem from two perspectives that are; a poem denoting the life of Maya through the ups and downs of her life and from a bird’s eye view, a poem describing the life of the black Americans in the 1930s (Angelou). From a political understanding; Maya uses the symbolism of the caged bird to depict the oppression that the blacks were under in the 1930s. She talks of a caged bird that sings (Angelou), which can be interpreted as the freedom the blacks in American. This is probably the main message of “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”. Analysis made by the historians shows that racial discrimination haunted the black man in America at around that time. The black man was seeing what was happening all around, more especially when the comparison is made on the life within the cage and that one outside it. The mere fact that the caged bird wishes to escape from the cage indicates that the blacks also wanted to live as equals with the whites (Angelou). The societal prejudices are the cage in which the black and the white are enslaved. Angelou wishes that these social prejudices that jeopardize peaceful coexistence be the cage that should be removed to promote peace and liberty (Angelou). The poem “I Know Why the