ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Relevant Legislation There are several pieces of legislation that apply to the conservation efforts of the Golden Sun Moth (GSM). The Australian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act of 1988 classifies the GSM as a threatened and an endangered species (ACT Government 1998). The 1988 Act classified the GSM as an endangered species based on expert opinion. The Australian Conservation Territory (ACT) Nature Conservation Act of 1980 also lists the GSM as an endangered species. Another legislation that recognizes the GSM as an endangered species is the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act of 1999. International Obligations The Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (CEPBC) Act of 1999 means that Australia’s conservation efforts are intertwined with international conventions. Under the 1999 legislation, the country has to align its conservation efforts with those of the United Nations (UN). Consequently, the recovery plan is in line with the CEPBC Act of 1999. The Australian Department of Sustainability and Environment was established in 2004 and it is involved with the conservation of endangered species (Department of the Environment and Heritage 2006). This government department’s work is part of the global efforts to conserve the environment. Affected Interests The key stakeholders in the recovery plan for the GSM include the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts (DEWHA). The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is also a major stakeholder in the recovery plan of the GSM. The ACT is in charge of the regions that offer habitat to known endangered species. The ecological community as defined under the Natural Temperate Grassland of the Southern Tablelands is also a stakeholder in the GSM conservation. Other stakeholders include the White Box-Yellow Box Blakely’s red-gum grassy woodland recovery initiative, The Gundaroo Common Trust, Friends of Merri Creek, Friends of Grasslands Inc, and the Victorian Government Department of Environment and Primary Industries (Gibson & New 2007). Social and Economic Impacts A comprehensive understanding of the GSM will be beneficial to future environmental conservation. For instance, it will be cheaper and easier to conserve other grassy woodland and grassland species in future. The recovery plan for the GSM will offer scientists and conservationists cheaper approaches to the management of grassland-dwelling endangered species. On the other hand, the GSM serves as a pioneer species in the conservation of invertebrates. The recovery plan of the endangered moth will aid in highlighting the importance of invertebrates in the ecosystem. The sponsorship of the GSM recovery plan positively affects other grassland-dwelling species. Research has shown that there are economic and environmental benefits that are associated with conservation efforts. Although the recovery efforts focus on one species, the process will also involve a handful of other flora and fauna. For instance, the conservation of the GSM will also include conservation of other flora and fauna such as grasslands and the endangered Graceful Sun-moth. Furth
Provide a Brief History of the Company The development of PETsMART Company can be traced back in the 1860s when James Spratt invented the first dog biscuit in England. However, pet industries grew slowly until a decade later when the interest of domesticating pet animals sprouted in many parts of the world, leading to the expansion of pet industries and diversification of pet products and services. Jim and Janice Dougherty conceptualized the idea of adopting pet animals in 1986 before its implementation kicked off a year later (Reference for Business par. 1). Initially, they operated two warehouses for pet food under the name PetFood Warehouse in the Phoenix, Arizona area in North America. The purpose of the business was to provide specialized foodstuffs for pet animals. However, the name of the company changed from PetFood Warehouse to PETsMART in 1989 owing to the growing demand and care for pets in the region. To gain a competitive advantage over other pet markets, PETsMART Company had to strategize on the provision of quality products and services to pets and pet customers. In 1993, PETsMART offered shares to the public at a rate of approximately 10 US dollars per share, which elevated the company sales. In 1994, Jim and Janice founded PETsMART Charities, an independent non-profit animal welfare organization, to help the control of pet populations and cases of euthanasia that were on the rise (Reference for Business, par. 3). However, PETsMART encountered financial instability between 2000 and 2002 that led to decrement of market stock. The elevated market pressure and increased demand for quality pet services led to the emphasis of the “Smart” rather than “Mart” in the name of the company. As a result, the company rebranded its name to PETsMART in 2005 as an implication of commitment to the provision of “Smart” products and services. Under the new name, PETsMART expanded businesswise to offer numerous products and services such as pet salons, equine department, pet clinics, and the adoption centers among other pet places. These services includ
Introduction When speaking of social network sites (SNSs) people focus on communication, sharing files and making friends. These were primary goals of the first SNSs. These were major goals of such famous SNSs as MySpace, Facebook and Twitter. However, many people have found different facets of the phenomenon called social network sites. SNSs are now regarded as a terrain for a variety of activities. Thus, people have found a lot of uses for such sites as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, etc. These sites are used in business, research and academia, and self-development. Notably, these uses are proved to be effective. Therefore, people should be aware of a variety of implications of using SNSs as spending time on chatting and sharing images is a mere waste of time in the contemporary world where people have to cope with loads of information. Defining SNSs In the first place, it is important to define SNSs. There are quite many definitions of the phenomenon. Boyd and Ellison define SNSs as web-based services that allow individuals to . construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system . view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. (654) It is necessary to note that the researchers stress the use of the term “social network” as they argue that social networking sites have more to do with establishing communication between “strangers” while the term “social network sites” refers to a web-based community (Boyd & Ellison 654). This differentiation is very important in terms of the new uses of SNSs. Thus, new ways to use SNSs are grounded on web-based communities as people have specific goals that are often associated with specific groups. Brief Facts about SNSs First SNSs appeared in 1995 and one of the first networks (it is still in use) is Classmates.com (Goetchius 6). This site is for alumni of US high schools and colleges. The major goal of the site is communication. Thus, people find their old friends or/and classmates, they communicate and share photos. Social networks have been based on a similar principle. Users have specific profiles and the list of their “friends” is also visible. Different sites have exploited quite different approaches to the list and the profiles. The differences have been manifested in access to users’ profiles. Nowadays there are quite many SNSs worldwide. Notably, many networks originate in one country and spread all over the globe. MySpace, Twitter and Facebook are such global sites. For instance, MySpace was developed as a network for musicians to share their creations and now the site has more than 140 million us
The research paper investigates the ability of data warehouses projects to meet business requirements. Warehouses are considered to be the complete failed business affairs in most cases. The two different approaches are used to analyze the business objectives: organizational and decisional modeling. There are three explanations for the projects being unsuccessful. The first one is that the warehousing projects are usually long-termed ones; hence, it is hard to forecast the future business requirements. The second reason is that the information data are communicated poorly across large companies, and ‘ jealously guarded by managers ’ (Giorgini et al., p.4). The third reason is that the information needed cannot be extracted timely, hence the decisions are taken without the necessary data. The approaches to data warehousing design are Supply-driven (also called data-driven), and Demand-driven (or requirement-driven). The first approach is efficient and feasible, besides, the data can drawn easily since the information is available. GRAnD stands for Goal-oriented Requirement Analysis for Data warehouses is implemented by focusing on software engineering that is considered early requirements. GRAnD proposes two perspectives of analysis of requirements for data warehousing: organizational modeling (the foremost importance of which are stakeholders) and decisional modeling (refers to decision makers’ responsibilities). Interestingly, the data-oriented and the goal-oriented approaches can substitute each other as well as they can work in parallel together to achieve perfectness in design. As per Tropos in the data warehousing context, it requires some new perspectives and technologies to be applied: facts. Attributes, dimensions, and measures. It is important to mention that the organizational modeling consists of three levels (phases): goal analysis, facts analysis, and attributes analysis. The goal analysis focuses on summarizing the data about stakeholders. It can be presented in various templates, one of which may contain: main actor, sub-actor, and dependencies; then the analysis of each actor’s goals in more detail is carried out. The attributes analysis is the one that gathers the main features that represent importance when facts are being fixed documentarily. Decisional modeling is an approach that cares much about the role of decision-makers in the company. It is vitally important since it supports the analysis of facts that investigate the decision-maker’s aims. In the research paper under consideration, the goal-oriented methodology for requirement analysis in DWs is presented. It can be applied successfully to demand-driven and mixed demand-driven design projects. Other approaches offered by contemporary literature are not able to provide efficient techniques to reflect users’ goals to design models. The discussed methodology was successfully applied to the driving bank’s case study. The user experience with applying the methodology brought fruitful results and helped understand better and validate the approach suggested in the research paper. This can serve as a stable groun
In the presented case study Ann, a 77-year old patient with moderately advanced Alzheimer’s disease is transferred to a hospital with pneumonia and given intravenous antibiotics. The patient’s condition is getting better, yet she starts to refuse to talk and rejects food. To insert a feeding tube, her physician contacts Ann’s husband Frank and her daughter Sarah who need to make a decision. The ethical side of this situation is rather complicated. Ann is an incompetent patient since she does not talk and cannot express her own desire concerning her case. Her husband remembers a conversation they had earlier, when Ann’s condition used to be much better, the patient shared her thoughts about the breathing machine. Ann decided that if there was no chance of survival, she should not be attached to the machine. The family wonders if the tube equals the machine and if forcing treatment on Ann would contradict her wish. In this case, Ann clearly has a chance to survive. Ethically, the patient’s family has the right to refuse medical treatment including a feeding tube in case if the quality of maintained life of a patient is insufficient or if life support prolongs the patient’s sufferings. The first registered example of such situation is the case of Karen Ann Quinlan who was in an irreversible coma. In 1976, to obtain the right to stop Karen Ann’s life support her parents had to go through multiple trials (History of Karen Ann Quinlan and the Memorial Foundation, 2013). Legally, the feeding tube is equal to breathing machine and all other forms of treatment and can be refused by a competent patient or the family of an incompetent patient. This decision is in power ever since the case of Nancy Cruzan, whose situation became the center of debates concerning the right to die in 1990 (Lewin, 1990). Out of all states of America only Missouri (where Nancy Cruzan’s case took place) and New York demand that the family of the patient presents “clear and convincing” evidence that if the patient were competent of making such decision, they would refuse artificial nutrition (Mikes, 2015). Yet, in case of Ann, the 77-year old patient who is still conscious, the family has no right to leave her to starve to death and neither do the doctors treating her. Since Ann’s pneumonia is successfully halted by the antibiotics, there is a chance that her state could improve and this is why her case does not fit into the quality versus quantity of life dilemma. Speaking with Ann’s husband and daughter I am obliged to provide them with complete information about their rights and options. I would start with explaining Ann’s condition and the fact that the treatment with antibiotics has helped to stop her pneumonia from developing. I would also explain the equality of all kinds of medical treatment (including the breathing machine and feeding tube) and t
According to Freeman (2009), the actual or practical working nature of businesses can be best explained by stakeholder theory. Individuals and groups such as banks, shareholders, financiers, communities, employees, suppliers, and customers should receive value for their money in order to guarantee the success of any type of business. The stakeholder theory also states that it is not permissible to view the stakes of the aforementioned individuals and institutions in isolation. In other words, their interests should be considered together. In addition, moving the interests of financiers, employees, communities, suppliers, and customers along the same path is the main duty of entrepreneurs or managers. Freeman reiterates that the above groups are key determinants in the success of business organizations. He gives an example of a business unit that has lost market share owing to a declining number of customers. The customers may have rejected to buy the products of a particular business enterprise leading to its drastic fall. Another case might be a business that has loose contacts or poor coordination with suppliers. Freeman is of the opinion that suppliers who merely deliver goods without added value might be a major liability to a business enterprise. He claims that creativity and innovation should be among the key strengths of suppliers apart from just delivering orders. Hence, suppliers who fail to add value to their services can jeopardize the growth of a business unit. Employers, as stakeholders, are also instrumental in the growth of a business organization (Freeman, 2009). They should utilize their best skills and efforts to deliver value at their respective workplaces. Commitment and dedication are the key features of successful employees. Freeman feels that employees can input their creativity and energy in making sure that businesses do not decline or shrink in performance. A community has also been pointed out by Freeman as a crucial stakeholder in the growth of a business entity. As such, a business organization should be responsive to the needs of a community. It is the latter that anchors the operations of a business. Therefore, a business unit should consider undertaking activities that benefit a community. A good example is corporate social responsibility. It is prudent for businesses to adhere to communal laws and regulations and equally ensure sustainability in the course of operations. Freeman (2009) strongly believes that businesses that do not consider the community as a vital stakeholder are bound to fail. In fact, the author notes that businesses should be ‘good citizens’ towards the communities they serve. Therefore, each of the entities described above is fundamental in the success of business organizations according to Stakeholder theory. Freeman (2009) is also emphatic that it is highly likely for a business unit to miss out on the positive
This report discusses career options for a computer programmer. The report extensively looks into the typical job titles and roles or duties performed by people who hold the job titles. Further, the report discusses the personal skills necessary for success in this job category. Most organizations require new employees to have some level of experience. This report looks into this requirement and explores the way by which an individual without experience can enter the industry or gain entry into a company. Money is the greatest motivator for employees. Apart from many other numerous reasons why people choose careers, the earning power in a profession plays a critical role in career choice. Therefore, this report will consider the attractiveness of remuneration perks given to computer programmers. Information technology is a diverse field. The diversity manifests in the form of myriad career options that one can pursue in IT. There are different specializations in IT in line with specific information technology needs in organizations. One field in IT that is widely respected is computer programming. People who do computer programming are called computer programmers. In this age, most organizations require the services of a computer programmer. Comp
Introduction The Change paper is a combination of all the recommendations that can be useful in dealing with the problem of gender stereotypes in weightlifting. As identified earlier in the issue analysis, a number of muscle building sportswomen rarely perform to their best because of the biases surrounding their sport. It will therefore be insightful to look into some of the solutions to these challenges. Recommendations Varga and Gammage (2008) realized that two important issues normally intertwine in order to affect society’s perceptions about a sport. In other words, even when a participant seems to be lacking in one aspect, then he/ she can make up for it through another dimension. This implies that for the case of female weightlifting, contestants are perceived negatively in terms of their physical appearance. The latter statement may seem very unfair but it is a harsh reality. Therefore, stakeholders in the weight building sport need to work their way around this stereotype and they can do this by empathizing with other non-physical aspects of the female weight builders. Here, promoters and announcers ought to bring out the endearing aspects of their personality. Also, the sportswomen themselves need to show how intelligent they are. Alongside this, they need to show the public that they are dedicated to excellence. This may help break the negative barriers that most people who are not familiar with the sport may have against it. However, such a strategy may not work amongst the stakeholders of the industry. There ought to be other approaches used in dealing with the stereotypes held by judges or sponsors in female weightlifting. The media has a large role to play in sports as it is the platform against which cultural norms and values are created. Whenever a particular sport is supported by the media, then chances are that it will become endearing to the public and will be accepted and promoted. For example, the super bowl has become one of the biggest sporting events in the country and its players are often motivated to perform to their best in order to meet these high expectations. Fuyuan et al (2007) claimed that weightlifting among women has been sidelined by media outlets for a very long time. Even channels dedicated to sports alone rarely give it enough airplay. By marginalizing such a sport, then chances are that the public will keep finding it odd. Participants will keep being stereotyped and this is likely to discourage them from performing to their best. Consequently, there is a need to start taking a different approach towards the media. One way in which this can be done is through injection of greater funding and sponsorship by weightlifting stakeholders. One cannot lay blame to the media without acknowledging the fact that they are a profit making industry. They tend to give greater airtime to sports that can meet th
Only 4 centuries of the whole “recorded” history, the humanity lived in piece. All the other time peoples were engaged in war actions for different purposes and aims. The development battle leading techniques and technologies of some nations prevailed and overwhelmed even the agricultural technologies. But almost nobody cares about the life of an ordinary soldier, who stayed on a battlefield, or survived, but stayed disabled. World War One happened to be the first war in the history, which changed the world almost completely. It changed the world structure and the public moods allover the world, as the people were greatly expressed by the magnitude of the battles, and the scales of the sufferings and casualties. The wave of pacifism captured the world after the end of the World War One, and everyone supposed that humanity will never lead wars again. The aim of the present work is to view the life of an ordinary soldier of the First World War (or the Great War, as it was called), how it is viewed in the literature of the beginning of the 20 th century. Henry Barbusse and his novel “Under fire” is one of the most well known literary work devoted to the description of the ways of life of ordinary French soldiers, who survived the war, and than had to get used to all the lies, which were told about the war in the interests of those, who wanted to earn on the sufferings of the others. One of the most impressive moments of the book is the description of the Verdun battle, which acquired the tints of terrific colors under the pen of talented novelist, who had survived the war himself. But Henry Barbusse sheds a lot probably in order to prevent the readers from all the horrors of the battles. Thus, he sheds some terrific moments about Verdun Battle – the most horrorfull battles in the history of the World War One, which is also called a Verdun Slaughter. A French soldier describes the horrors of a bombardment:…When you hear the whistling in the distance your entire body preventively crunches together to prepare for the enormous explosions. Every new explosion is a new attack, a new fatigue, a new affliction. Even nerves of the hardest of steel, are not capable of dealing with this kind of pressure. The moment comes when the blood rushes to your head, the fever burns inside your body and the nerves, numbed with tiredness,