ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
No. There is no description of the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the research article under review (Lang, Patrician & Steele, 2012). In addition, the researcher (s) has not given adequate details about the sampling procedure. He merely states, “a convenience sample of active RNs, LPNs and medics…” and “… voluntarily participated in the study” (p. 276). Therefore, convenience sampling was used. This sampling procedure is non-probabilistic because it does not give every individual in the study population an equal chance of participating in the study. In addition, subjects are not explicitly defined, and the sample is selected due to the ease at which selection is done (Battaglia, 2008). Convenience sampling introduces sampling bias into the study because of the unrepresentativeness of the sample. In this case where comparison is paramount, some of the groups of health practitioners may have over-representation or under-representation of nurses with burnout. A total of 257 participants were recruited in the study; however, this ultimate sample size was divided in three unequal groups. Unfortunately, no power analysis was used to determine the sample size. The entire sampling procedure is not credible to yield reliable and generalizable results. Despite the fact that the study indicates the number of participants who voluntarily took part in the study, it is not known from what number that the participants were drawn. The study talks about the health practitioners who agreed to participate, and nothing is known about those who did not participate, including their percentage or reason for refusing to participate. As earlier mentioned, more than one group was used in this study. But, the groups are unequal, and comparison is not absolute because unequal groups result in unequal variances. Subsequently, this has an effect on the general outcome and type II error (Reis & Judd, 2014, p. 614). The study was approved by the institutional review board for an exempt protocol. A review of the study procedure clearly indicates that the participants were not given an informed consent; instead, an implied consent was used. Privacy of information provided is not discussed; hence, the HIPAA regulations are required in this study. The study setting was combat support hospitals (CSHs) in Iran, and it is appropriate for the study in relation to the objectives. In addition, a large Army teaching hospital was used for comparison purposes. This hospital was also appropriate for the study because the study focuses on Army hospital practice environments (Lang, Patrician & Steele, 2012). Yes. The researcher (s) has clearly mentioned the research tools for the study: a Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Services Survey, a Practice Environment Scale (PES) and a 21-item demographic and work-related questionnaire. Prior to administration of the research instruments, the study clearly describes the pre-procedure of introducing the study details
Introduction The story is about the Vietnam War and Thuy’s contributions towards peace achievement (Guthrie). The story reflects on a period of high instability as the American troops invaded the South Vietnam city, usually inhabited by poor peasants. She was amongst the few North Vietnamese readily willing to fight for peace (Guthrie). The phrase “last night I dreamed of peace” was highly utilized during the fight for independence in Vietnam (Tram 2). The idea behind independence is attaining peace and liberty. Therefore, it is important to describe the key lessons learned and virtues illustrated by this story. Thuy’s description Thuy is the name mostly used by her friends. She was 23 when the American troops attacked the country. Participating in such a difficult undertaking at such tender age was relatively extraordinary (Guthrie). Being acquainted with treating skills as a medical science graduate, she deterministically put her skills in practice. This depicts how significant it is putting our skills in practice for the benefit of the society. She walked for long miles devoid of knowing what might occur on the way. This immensely depicted her determination in any undertaking she was set to do. Guthrie describes her as a diligent person who never let any patient suffer as long as she could intervene by any means. In the hospitals of the Quang ngai, she could treat 80 seriously wounded soldiers alone (Guthrie). Humanity The humanity in her culminates to her preaching for peace. In her daily endeavors, she was highly convinced that peace would restore in future. Despite the bombing of the three key hospitals, the burning desire to support lives gave her more strength. It is a lesson for us that challenges are part of life and people should embrace them for a successful end in their accomplishments. After the destruction of the hospitals, she ended up purchasing some of the necessities for performing the operations (Guthrie). She
Security Assessments Nowadays, ensuring and maintaining data confidentiality is as vital to a business entity’s sustainable existence and long-term prosperity as human resource management and flexible financial planning. There are protective practices such as security assessments that allow one to evaluate the degree of security of crucial company data and find solutions to eliminate breaches in software (Maria, 2018). However, some senior managers still underestimate the necessity and potential positive impact of such procedures. Understanding the benefits of security assessments for different categories of employees is key to developing a persuasive approach by which Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) can convince upper management to provide them with the resources to carry out these procedures. Benefits for CISOs It is obvious that the primary group that benefits from security assessments is the CISOs themselves. These strengthen their vision of internal and outside processes and operations related to the firm’s private data. A security assessment is also an opportunity for Chief Information Security Officers to demonstrate their value to the company and their professional impact as staff members (Norris, 2017). It is human nature to pay little attention to prevented damage and threats, and this evaluative practice makes it possible for CISOs to highlight their efforts. Benefits for Information Technology Workers Information technology (IT) specialists are another staff category for which security assessments are especially beneficial. It increases their awareness of the existing and potential risks that their company’s software is exposed to (Norris, 2017). Moreover, these also allow IT employees to upgrade and adjust their information security strategy and policy. One can say that security assessments help IT departments to identify future objectives and guide their efforts. Benefits for the Firm From an organizational perspective, the firm is also a beneficiary of security assessments. These practices reveal to upper management the level of competence and preparedness of their IT employees and the professionalism and qualifications of their CISOs. Another benefit is that security assessments give firms an opportunity to check how well they adhere to local and international cyber-privacy rules and digital policies of their industries (Thomas, 2021). Public regulations regarding online space are still a complex topic in many business sectors.
The essay speculates on the controversial principle of richness: the author argues that richness is immoral until at least one suffering person is on Earth. In that way, the fortune is expected to be sacrificed for the benefit of those less fortunate. He also claims that his arguments are not about how much money each person should earn, but what they should do with the money after they have earned it. The author explains that despite giving up wealth in a gesture of altruism is usually lauded as ethical, the current social and cultural environment prioritizes materialism, which leads to the high global level of inequality. As a result, being affluent is immediately branded as immoral because the wealthy person can afford various excesses. In contrast, poor people often should suffer from the inability even to be healthy. Based on that, the author argues that rich people should get rid of their wealth for the poor ones. Wealth redistribution is proposed as a possible solution to the high level of current inequality. The author raises the question of merit when it comes to evaluating one’s wealth status: “Regardless of whether you have earned it, to what degree are you morally permitted to retain it?” (Smith, 2017, para. 7). In that way, the author proposes that wealth should be distributed based on moral qualities. However, after considering its implications, one will have to agree that the proposed strategy will not work due to the lack of internal change that it will produce. Even if people from poor backgrounds will obtain the money, they will not manage them. The redistribution of wealth will not imply the transfer of skills in financial management to the impoverished; thus, people who will obtain that redistributed money will likely waste them. The idea of redistributing wealth based on unclear moral qualities instead of clearly defined skills will likely fail. The author argues that those who earn much money must pay for those who are not such fortunate. “If you have got $3 billion, and you give away 1, you are still incredibly wealthy, and thus still harming many people by hoarding wealth. You have to get rid of all of it”, explains (Smith, 2017, para. 5). Still, it is unethical and even wrong to leave the own richness from the individual perspective. As mentioned, individual skills cannot be transferred with money; one must learn them before being able to earn money. From that perspective, people who were able, based on their skills, to earn money should get rid of them for the sake of those who do not have those skills. Roughly speaking, one can see that it is similar to mere robbery. In conclusion, though the problem
The English Premier League stands out among football leagues in the world. It is widely known for fast paced football, it has some of the most skillful players from around the world and its clubs are characterized by passion for football. The English Premier League was established when a total of ten clubs split away from the Football League (Exall 2007, 11). Before the split, there were many revenue related problems associated with the Football League Management. Revenue management related misunderstandings prompted the split and eventual formation of the English Premier League. There was a time when English players also, massively, went abroad as professionals. In the 1980s Serie A of Italy and La Liga of Spain were the most prestigious leagues in the world. It was until the 1990s that the English Premier League started it’s ascending to glory (Exall 2007, 16). Much of its successes could be associated with the aggressive incorporating of internationals into the team. The league clubs enjoy freedom of signing as many players, from anywhere in the world as they deem fit. The clubs are also free to pay their players as much as they wish; there are no squad restrictions of any sort. The English Premiership currently enjoys a global following (Higham & Hinch 2009, 19). This following results, largely, from the presence of many foreign players in England. Arsenal has a great following in France and many French speaking countries because of the presence of many French men and Africans with a French connection. Chelsea necessarily finds great following in some African states because of the likes of Essien and Drogba. The Russians will closely follow and pride in the exploits of Arshavin at arsenal. The Chinese may easily follow Manchester United because of Park. The presence of foreign players generally have improved the standings of the English premier league. The phenomenon of foreign players became prominent around the end of 1990s (Exall 2007, 26). It is around such time that many team managers started scouting and bringing in foreign players in droves. The option to scout for foreign players was pegged on the fact that English players had become too overpriced. Clubs keen on saving money found cheap alternatives in countries like Brazil. Foreign signings continued until recent happenings started to raise eyebrows towards the practice. England, for example, did not qualify for Euro 2008. This angered many fans in England. It is ironical that the country that has the most exciting but also most expensive league in the world cannot play ball to match other boys. Close scrutiny shows that apart from the ageing many, England does not have any young talented professionals in its league. Some analysts point out the inflation of foreign players in the English Premier League is the reason why the England national team plays dismally. In the recent past, according to Major League Charts (2009), arsenal has stood out as the team wi
Language is the influential aspect which determines the peculiarities of the people’s interactions in society. It is possible to discuss the usage of language for communication from psychological, linguistic, and sociolinguistic perspectives because language plays an enormous role in the formation of human identity. The peculiar features of the social development influence the progress of the situation when today many people are considered as bilingual or multilingual. Economical, political, cultural and social shifts to the development of international economy and integration caused the fact that the notions of bilingualism and multilingualism which are closely connected with the phenomenon of globalization became important aspects of a modern society. To understand the peculiarities of this tendency, it is necessary to examine the definitions of bilingualism and multilingualism and determine the features in which these notions are similar or different. The issue of defining such notions as bilingualism and multilingualism is widely discussed by many researchers nowadays. The main difference of their approaches is in the consideration of these notions as similar or different in relation to their major characteristics. In her work, Pavlenko accentuates the fact that traditionally bilingualism and multilingualism are discussed as the same notions that is why she uses use the term ‘bilingualism’ in order to study the aspects of bi- and multilingualism with paying attention only to the number of languages used by a speaker (Pavlenko, 2006). According to this idea, bilingualism should be defined as the phenomenon when people use two languages to realize their social interactions, and multilingualism is the phenomenon when people use more than two languages to complete their social needs (Altarriba & Heredia, 2008). However, to discuss the aspects of bilingualism and multilingualism, it is necessary to focus on the factor of the social motivation and psychological peculiarities of the ability to use two or more languages for interact
Ethical considerations Human resource managers are faced with a number of issues in their managerial and operational roles. Some of these issues relate to ethics and diversity. One of the ethical issues that human resource managers must address relates to employee remuneration. According to Aswathappa (2005, p. 533), remuneration is one of the issues that employees are concerned with. Therefore, human resource managers have the responsibility of ensuring equity in remunerating employees. For example, they should ensure that the remunerations are inline with the employees’ output. In addition, there should be no discrimination in terms of employees’ remuneration. For example, female employees should not be paid a lesser amount compared to their male counterparts, yet they are performing the same job. Despite the existence of differences in a work environment with regard to remuneration, human resource managers should
Introduction The Green Mile is a 1999 drama film directed by Frank Darabont, who is also a screenwriter and producer. The movie is based on a serialized novel of the same name written by Stephen King, which received the Bram Stoker Award for “Best Novel of 1996.” The plot revolves around a death row in Cold Mountain Penitentiary in 1935 Louisiana. Along with the fantasy element in the form of supernatural abilities possessed by one of the main characters (a prisoner John Coffey) the movie touches on the subject of racism and inequality in court. Main body Stephen King’s novel was written in six parts, first published as separate brochures: The Two Dead Girls; The Mouse on the Mile; Coffey’s Hands; The Bad Death of Eduard Delacroix; Night Journey; and Coffey on the Mile (Spignesi 29). It is his second work adapted for the screen by the director Frank Darabont, who had also filmed the 1994 Shawshank Redemption based on King’s novel Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption . Frank Darabont admitted that he is fond of Stephen King’s works and considers him one of the most prominent contemporary writers. The long-term cooperation of Darabont and King owes to the extremely cinematic literary language of the latter. Every Stephen King novel is a finished script containing the smallest details. Those who are familiar with the book will understand how accurately every detail is captured in the film; there is not a single deviation from the text. When writing the book, King spent several days on a death row; he even fastened himself to an electric chair to complete the sensation. The picture is set in 1935 (whereas, the events in the novel take place in 1932). It was motivated by the desire to use the footage from the 1935 American comedy film Top Hat starring Fred Astaire, the last request of the capitally convicted Paul Coffey, who wanted to see a “flicker show,” a movie picture (Synopsis for The Green Mile par.22). The shooting took place in North Carolina and Tennessee. Although the movie events occur in the Deep South, in the 1930s during a “period where lynching was still a viable and acceptable means of “enforcing justice”, the contours of this racially oppressive regime are barely hinted at” (Persons 137). When describing the death row setting, King explains the absence of racism by comparing the prisoners to walking dead: “At Cold Mountain, there was no segregation among the walking dead” (King 251). It is somewhat ironic, considering the plot, since it was racism that thrust the main character into prison in the first place (along with an unfortunate misunderstanding). There are a few discrepancies in the movie; for example, the prison guards are wearing a uniform, whilst this rule did not apply in 1935. It was done to give
The Old and New Testaments are significantly different in many aspects, likely as a consequence of the time difference between their time of writing. Both consider it essential, but they assign it, and the qualities associated with it, different roles. The Old Testament gives righteousness a clear definition and makes it a critical attribute of God, ruler, and individual. By comparison, the New Testament depicts it as coming from God and only possible through following His will. As such, it is prudent to compare the two definitions in detail to understand the overt and underlying differences between the two halves of the Christian canon better. Justice in the Old Testament should be considered in terms of the meaning attributed to the term there rather than its current definition. Haacker claims that “it is about restoration, redistribution, and providing the right. […] The one who is stronger gives; the weaker receives.” Yahweh is supposed to be the ultimate re
The process of sharing a company’s vision and goals is important to motivate employees to participate in work activities. This stage is essential for a growing company as employees may be unaware of the organization’s vision, and it should be shared effectively. The purpose of this paper is to provide summaries of recent sources in which this problem is discussed in detail. Folkman’s “8 Ways to Ensure Your Vision Is Valued” In his article, Folkman analyzes specific strategies that can be applied by employers to guarantee that their visions are valued and followed by their employees. According to Folkman, workers need to understand how their activities or performance can contribute to the development and vision of the company. Referring to data from more than 50,000 employees, the author of the article explains eight ways to make a company’s vision effectively shared, meaningful, and actively followed. These strategies include communicating the vision through several different channels, making the vision motivating, and making it contribute to employee satisfaction. The problem that many companies have when trying to get employees to follow the vision is that the vision is not communicated or shared appropriately. All leaders need to participate in this sharing process (Folkman). More approaches include a focus on innovation, employees’ concentration on actions while being guided by managers, and a focus on the openness and integrity of company leaders. Furthermore, it is also critical to make sure that companies quickly respond to employees’ needs based on their vision; by doing so, the associated benefits can be easily observed. Harrison’s “Employee Alignment: The Secret Sauce to Success” The problem of employee alignment based on sharing organizational visions, values, and goals, as well as communicating with employees and developing commitment, is discussed in Harrison’s article. The author provides several examples of how it is possible to ensure employee alignment by focusing on accentuating the visions, missions, and goals of an organization. In her examples, Harrison refers to the experience of Andre Lavoie, the CEO of ClearCompany. According to the article, leaders need to deliver messages directly to receivers, align everyday activities and tasks with the general goals of the company, and ensure that employees know and are committed to the organization’s aims. Besides, it is also important not to organize weekly meetings in situations where all employees share the company’s goals and have demonstrated their commitment (Harrison). However, it is n