ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The eighteenth century was one of the epochs of human history that had the greatest revolutionary happenings that transformed the entire world and the way things are handled. It is the period of human existence that experienced the highest number of performers in all areas of academic study, literary art, economic empowerment and philosophical advancement emerge to prominence coming up with some of the greatest concepts and philosophies that have been invaluable to our general understanding of the metaphysical world that we live in now. This paper is a study of different aspects of the eighteen century revolution and in doing so, it will respond to different questions about various issues that were pertinent during that epoch of human development. How did the First Scientific Revolution Energize economics and society? Scientific Revolution was a period in man’s revolutionary history when there was a profuse arising of new ideas and concepts in all the scientific fields such as astronomy, physics, human anatomy, biology, chemist among other sciences which abolished most of the unauthenticated concepts and doctrines that had been in operation from the times of the Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages. [1] This revolution saw to fruition concepts that had been suppressed by religious groups which held promising results for the new Science Age that was now dawning in. It was the base of what is now called Modern Science where superstition and religious dogmas were replaced with scientific reason and knowledge that would explain every single happening on the basis of empirical evidence supporting such notions. The accompanying new concepts in physics, biology, astronomy and metaphysical world soon became central in the understanding of universal social concerns and economic trends of the time. Studies were developed steered towards attempting to unite the world into a global market that would transact business with the main reason being to edify human life and alleviate poverty. These concepts were adopted by scientists who were involved in social sciences and economics to transform the period’s economic trends in investment and way of conducting businesses thereby beginning the concept of universal congruence in economic undertakings. From this, business transactions were encouraged to be geared towards profiting the society in which they thrive and thus societal development was also a key area that was developed in this period. [2] How did Absolutism assert itself in Europe? Absolutism was a concept that was fronted by H. G. F. W. Hegel as a philosophical account of how understanding of the being can be attained as a whole. According to Hegel, for the subject that is thinking (that is the human) to be able to understand the object (that is the world in which he lives), the subject has to have some sort of identity of being and thought. [3] This was a fascinating philosophical idea
China and the United States are two of the largest economies in the world that are competing to dominate the banking industry. According to the article, there are four banks in each of the two countries with assets that surpass the $1 trillion mark. The banking sectors in the two countries are competing for global dominance. However, while Chinese banks are growing in size, American banks are stagnant about growth because they are afraid of further expansion (Bove par.1). This means that Chinese banks could dominate the world banking industry if they continue to grow and the American banks maintain the same size. Statistics reveal that the four largest banks in the U.S. have assets worth $8.1 trillion while China’s four largest banks have assets valued at $11.8 trillion (Bove par.2). The shift in financial power is further demonstrated by the profits of the banks. The American banks report annual profits of $86.4 billion while the Chinese reports annual profits of $141.2 billion (Bove par.3). The growth achieved by Chinese banks is astounding. For instance, China’s smallest bank (Bank of China) among the four largest has more assets than the biggest bank in the U.S (JP Morgan Chase). China is achieving this growth by implementing policies that encourage the expansion of its banks. Partnerships between China and Russia have raised the status of the Yuan into the second global reserve currency (Bove par.5). Also, it has partnered with Brazil, South Africa, India, and Russia to create a new world bank referred to as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (Bove par.5). The United States has not yet joined the new bank. Chinese banks are facilitating the penetration of china into new markets including Africa and Latin America. In contrast, the U.S. is implementing policies that are forcing big banks to shrink their assets. Significance in a global setting The banking sector is an important pillar of the global economy. The policies implemented by both China and the U.S will have certain effects. The United States will give way to China as the leader in global banking and provide a great competitive advantage. China will continue to implement policies that allow it to dominate the world banking industry. China’s domination of the banking sector will neutralize competitive threats from other great economies, facilitate the exploitation of market opportunities, and encourage low-cost trading with other countries. The dominance will be a great resource that will provide a competitive advantage in international markets and the global economy. The U.S will lose its dominance and competitive advantage in the global economy if it does not review its policies to encourage its banks to continue expanding and growing its asset base. China will use its dominant banking sector to face its other sectors thus fostering their growth. Besides, it will use its financial power and competitive advantage to penetrate emerging markets
Introduction Parents may ask themselves whether to hire a babysitter, put the child in the childcare center or hire a nanny? Since each family’s needs, resources, and preferences vary significantly, we may not say there is a single right answer to this question. This implies that each family makes its own choice based on the above-mentioned factors. Definition of babysitting Babysitting can be defined as the temporal care given to a child on behalf of the real parents or guardians. The person who renders such services to the child is referred to as a babysitter preferably teenagers and stereotypically girls. In most cases, these teens do not have vast experience and some parents do not mind hiring them. However, the majority of the parents prefer mature babysitters who have personal and also direct experience. This is because the parents presume that these babysitters are likely to deal effectively with potential issues that could arise such as choking. A nanny can be defined as a person (preferably a woman) who is employed by a private family to provide childcare. Unlike babysitters who are young teens, a nanny should be preferably mature people who are well equipped in terms of skills and knowledge of child-rearing. Childcare Childcare and daycare are terms used interchangeably. They are used to describe the supervised, regular, and paid care of children outside the child’s home while parents are away. The transition from the use of the terms daycare to childcare took place during the 1970s and 1980s(Booth 4). This happened in the field of early childhood education. The term childcare, therefore, refers to the care given to a child and not the time the care is given as implied by the term daycare. It important at this point to note that some parents work beyond the traditional hours that are outside the 6.30 a.m to 6.30 p.m timeframe. These parents also need proper care for their children and therefore childcare recognizes these unique cases. A variety of sites provide childcare namely; childcare centers, family childcare, public schools, group homes, in a child’s home, and homes of friends and families. A program that cares for more children should be licensed. We note that childcare is different from babysitting in the sense that the sole purpose of a babysitter is to ensure that the children are safe and again the care is provided in the child’s home on a short-term basis. Childcare on the other hand has the learning aspect that is an integral part of the care given to the child at the center. In this paper, we argue that childcare from a licensed center should be preferred to babysitting. The center-based care provides services to children in groups. Religious organizations, schools, universities, and even social agencies or independent owners could sponsor the centers. The presence of a large number of children, a variety of caregivers, and the state ins
Introduction The criminal justice department is one sector of public administration that has had to go through a period of transformation as far as the usage of technology in the fulfillment of its role to the public. The changes in this regard have been informed by the fact that over the years criminals have improved the ways in which they conduct their business to further become technology-savvy. This essay seeks to illustrate the evolution of technology in the criminal justice department. To this end, various forms of literature shall be consulted in order to provide a proper groundwork for the discussion. Proper exemplification shall be provided from the different time-frames of the evolution and its relevance with today’s practices in the criminal justice department illustrated. Development of the criminal justice department and the role of technology in the development The development of the criminal justice department has been divided into three main eras depending on the relationship between various stakeholders and the public security authorities (Maguire and Radosh, 1996). These two categories are the political, professional eras and the community policing era. The political era This was a period of 80 years spanning from 1840 to 1920 (Maguire and Radosh, 1996). The era was named ‘political’ because of the links between the criminal justice and the political class. In this area, administration officers particularly the police started incorporating new technological components in their duties (Maguire and Radosh, 1996). These were the gun and the bludgeon. The two weapons have been retained in the force to date albeit with vast improvements. During this period, changes happened in the communication aspects of the criminal justice department. This was notable through the 1870s usage of the telephone in easy dispersion of messages from one center to another as well as the setting up of police telephone booths in the following decade (Maguire and Radosh, 1996). Fingerprinting technologies were incepted and were incorporated in investigative procedures. The professional model era This was the period between 1920 and 1970. In this period reforms took place to ensure that all state agencies were separated from the influence of politicians (Maguire and Radosh, 1996). This was with the aim of instilling professionalism within the department. Technology found a role in this regard with the usage of the polygraph lie detector (Maguire and Radosh, 1996). Crime laboratories were established in various states which served to train in the elements of fingerprint and handwriting classification. The Federal Bureau of Investigation established a professional investigative laboratory which was well equipped with state of art forensic equipment (Maguire and Radosh, 1996). By the 1930s the police force and other state agencies tasked with the role of implementing law and order had fully embraced the usage of motor vehicles and communication using two-way radios (Muraskin and Robert, 2002). Going into the 1940s radar speed monitoring systems were develope
Introduction The gap between ‘doing’ and ‘achieving’ is a major predicament for many players in the corporate world. Most successful leaders believe practical success is closely related to proper administration of modern business entities (Parrino and Kidwell 51). However, excellent execution of tasks in the workplace does not automatically translate to career recognition or special remuneration. In his writings, Niccolo Machiavelli, one of the most fascinating political theorists of the 16th century, mainly focused on the issue of realizing political success by all means possible. By this, the theorist encouraged sacrificing conventional social morality if that is what is needed to achieve success. As a result, various scholars associate Machiavelli’s name with deceit, ruthlessness, and manipulation. In spite of these subjective associations, one of his books, ‘The Prince’, is still regarded highly by many leaders today. The reason behind this is because some of his philosophies on success and leadership are refreshing and engaging. In this paper, the author will analyze Machiavellian ideas from the perspective of a modern business organization. To this end, the author will review how International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation utilizes the concepts promoted in the book. The company has embraced a staggered application of the Machiavellian principles. The selective adoption has contributed significantly to the firm’s success. The discussion in this paper will include the advantages and limitations associated with the application of the philosophies. Ways through which IBM Subscribes to Machiavellian Philosophy One of the areas where the Machiavellian ideas are applied in IBM entails the recruitment of new employees. In his book ‘The Prince’, Machiavelli stresses on the importance of a prince observing the men around him. A wise leader is the one who surround themselves with people who portray qualities of faithfulness. A similar case is witnessed in IBM. The selection of employees in this company is always a critical subject to the management (Harreld, O’Reilly and Tushman 32). The reason for this is because the incoming employees, together with the existing lot, are the key drivers of success in the organization. As such, they must remain faithful to the goals and aspirations of the entity. An analysis of Machiavelli’s ideas reveals his feelings towards the subject of hiring. According to him, a prince should appoint people who believe in the dignity of the duty and prominence of a leader (Machiavelli and Marriott 20). To this end, a leader should disregard individuals who are driven by money and status. The reason is that such people will quit the organization once they get better offers somewhere else. During recruitment of employees, the management at IBM considers applicants who are primarily devoted to helping the company move forward and thrive in the future. As such, no worker is required to take the corporation’s integrity and business ethics
The current research paper deals with the analysis of interconnections between experimental current in cinematograph and artistic subjectivity of directors, scenarists and other people who are engaged in the creative process of film-making. The generalizations and analysis produced in this research paper are based on avant-garde director Maya Deren who made a great contribution to experimental film and the development of cinema theory as well. We will try to track the interrelation between her artistic, social, esthetic and other parameters of her subjectivity as they are embedded in her experimental films. There is no denying the importance of the fact that the interrelation between form and substance is always dialectic and hence Deren’s esthetic and social mindset would be deeply transformed by experimental endeavours and forms and the opposite is also true. As Melissa Rigney based on careful analysis of Sadie Benning artistic activities suggests, Benning’s artistic identity, as well as the esthetic and philosophic mindset, was deeply reflected in her film production techniques. As Rigney claims, “Benning’s videos can be described in a variety of ways, including autobiography, ethnography, personal films, diary-films, and stories of coming out. Thematically, her films consistently condemn homophobia, racism, and sexism while concerning themselves with the perspective of young people and women” (Rigney, 2003). This example vividly shows the interrelation between experimental film practices and approaches and the ways of their interaction with a stable set of subjective beliefs, ideologies and representations of certain artists. This will serve as a map for understanding the evolution of Deren’s artistic identity. The contours of experimental film production As Mekas claims, experimental cinema and film is a marker for a certain range of directing and filmmaking styles which are often different from the dominant practices within the mainstream of documentary and commercial filmmaking. Experimental video is often described by its advents as ‘avant-garde’ which of course serves as another factor for confusing early avant-garde movement with experimental film in general (Mekas, 1970, p. 22-23). Formal characteristics of the experimental film show that it is strongly opposed to dominant trends in the mass culture industry including popular music and ‘big studio’ films. It is reasonable to think that this counter-cultural orientation of experimental film’s formal elements is something that makes it attractive to talented people who are interested in a nonstandard approach to vision and representation of reality, those who still see filmmaking as video art. This results in many people describe the experimental film as
The notion of selfhood implies both individuals and social creatures, shaping one’s personal existence and his or her relations with other members of society. “Self” means a particular being any person is; selfhood distinguishes one person from another, draws the parts of human existence together and outlines the perspectives of future development of one’s personality. By investigating and realizing what the self truly is, people expect to gain greater happiness; they hope to become free from fetters and restrains, they long for establishing better relations with other people and achieve power over them. Many attempts have been made by scientists, philosophers, writers, etc., to reveal the mystery of selfhood, the concept of self has been studied in various dimensions. The current paper is also aimed at investigating it, and it is concerned with the notion of selfhood as Carol Laderman, and Levi-Strauss see it. Medical Anthropology is the field of interest of both scientists. Also, Carol Laderman, a professor who received her Ph. D. in Anthropology, studied Southeast Asia, nutrition, reproduction, and sex roles. Her works include Wives and Midwives: Childbirth and Nutrition in Rural Malaysia , Taming the Wind of Desire: Psychology, Medicine and Aesthetics in Malay Shamanistic Performance , and The Performance of Healing . Claude Levi-Strauss is a French anthropologist who is well-known for his development of structural anthropology. His books include The Raw and the Cooked , The Effectiveness of Symbols , The Savage Mind, Structural Anthropology and Totemism. The author’s countless travels to Brazil and his fruitful visits to North and South American Indian tribes (in fact, he spent more than 30 years studying the conduct of the North and South American Indian tribes) enabled him to conclude that the characteristics of man are everywhere identical. The social organization of the tribes that the author used is structuralism. As far as Carol Laderman investigation is concerned, we should start with the scientist’s trip to Malaysia. The author’s main target was to study childbirth practices in an area where shamanism must have died out 75 years earlier. But Laderman observed that the healers still remained an integral part of the village medical system. Pak Long Awang is one among many representatives of shamanism there, and he serves as a country doctor. Pak Long Awang makes the diagnosis by inducing a deep trance, and then when the diagnosis is cleared out, he treats aches and pains. The methods that the shaman uses seem to be sort of fantastic in the presen
Overview The Apple Company was founded in 1976 by the late Steve Jobs and his colleague Steve Wozniak- “Woz.They introduced their first system, owing to their goal which was to create an inexpensive and simple to use computer, on the same year. Their system incorporated an encased circuit board known as Apple I, which sold for approximately $700 in local stores. Jobs and Woz had gained popularity in the computing revolution when the Apple II and Mac were introduced. However, Steve Jobs passed on. Tim Cook was appointed as the new C.E.O of the company. Joining the company in 1998 and working closely with Jobs for over thirteen years, as some of the factors that led that led to his appointment. It is a company that has continued to come up with new inventions in the technological world and most customers are running for their products. What is going on? Wall Street’s Finest was disappointed by Apple’s quarterly earnings. It was noted that the company silenced the loss in iPhone sales by claiming that the customers were waiting early for the iPhone 4S. There was a different pattern noted in its earnings; retail stores increase by 1% yearly, profit decline of 26%, and only 4% of new customers to retail stores. However, from December 2009 to the June 2010 quarter, there was a retail increase from 51 million to 61 million, after the new iPhone began to sell. There was a drop in the number of new visits, from December 2010 to June 2011, by two million. This indicates that something was clearly not going well. SWOT Analysis These are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the Apple Company. The SWOT analysis is crucial in placing the company back to track and increase its potential. It also addresses various risks and threats that hinder the development of the company. The company’s position is also strengthened by the fact that it enjoys financial liquidity, which can be used to expand the company and conduct more research into new products. Strengths The success of Apple Company is boosted by the large sale of iPod music players, Macintosh computers and the notebooks. Apple has a good IT brands and loyal enthusiastic customers that advocate for its products. Economies of scale, as well as developing a good name for the company in terms of corporate image are major strengths. Weaknesses Apple iPod Nano has been reported to have a faulty screen. The earlier iPods were reported to have faulty batteries. In 2005, Apple announced that it would stop chip suppliers by the known IBM Company. This would confuse customers, who may in return terminate their loyalty to the company. The company is f