ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Whether it is true or false that digital age has rendered copyright obsolete is a matter of debate. Copyright is a legal concept that has been established by various countries. Copyright is a privilege or rights that are exclusively given to the creators of certain pieces of work for limited period. Copyright laws are “the right to copy” someone’s work while at the same time providing the copyright holder some due rights and credits of having published the wok. It also determines the person eligible to use a certain piece of work, the kind of benefits, and individuals to perform the work. Copyright is therefore a form of intellectual property. Since these laws were enacted, they have responded to changes in technology in various ways besides affecting copyright holders who include authors, songwriters, filmmakers, musicians, and web page makers (Theberge 1999, p. 12). The advancement in digital communication networks and technology poses great challenges to the copyright holders. As such, I agree that the digital era has presented a fair deal of challenges to copyright to the extent of making it obsolete. Why The inventions of new advanced technologies such as the Internet and personal computers have revolutionised the way people communicate and the way things are done. Nowadays, such digital technologies that are raising many copyright issues relate to those, which store and transmit information. These technologies have various characteristics that pose a threat to the copyright laws. The current digital age has made it easy and faster to reproduce certain pieces of work on the Internet. The moment a piece of work is transformed or rendered into a digital form such as a music, books, or any other material or work, it can be reproduced with ease, at faster rate, and at a less cost without any compromise on its quality. This has made it easier for digital users to not only access such information but also transmit it to multiple users making the copyright rules futile. The alarming advancement in technology has acted as a key booster when it comes to rendering copyright obsolete. Initially, people had to go through long processes while trying to duplicate any required stuff. However, the witnessed innovations that have come with technology have increased the easiness of making duplicates whether for music, and books, diskettes, etc. Technology has made it possible to reproduce further the copy that is reproduced from the original copy without any loss or comprise of quality. Digital age has therefore made it easy to produce any copies running into millions from a single copy. A good example of how this technology in this digital age has rendered copyright obsolete is how millions of compact disks containing original versions of music –recorded and played in the early 80s and 90s have been tur
Introduction Non-financial and overview: Woolworths Ltd Woolworths Ltd is an 87-year-old company listed on the Australian Security Exchange and engaged in the retail industry. Its operations include food and grocery, liquor, petrol, general merchandise, and consumer electronics. Its customers which are in millions are spread across Australia and New Zealand. It employs more than 191,000 people thus remaining as one of the largest private-sector employers in Australia. Out of more than 420,000 shareholders, 40,000 are their employees. The company’s policy is to purchase goods from domestic sources so that meat, fruits, vegetables, and seafood procured are fresh. As a major investor in Australia and New Zealand., the company helps the country economically through job creation, infrastructure development. Socially, the company helps in the advancement of quality standards in the food industry, safety standards in the workplaces, improvement in retail technology, and aiding charities by direct donations. From the environment perspective, the company has launched a sustainable strategy 2007-15 for making positive environmental impacts by setting targets (WoolworthsLtd, n.d) Wesfarmers Ltd This company is nearly 97 years old having been started in 1914 as a Western Australian farmers’ cooperative. This is also a listed company with the Australian Stock Exchange engaged in diverse operations in supermarkets, department stores, home improvement, and office supplies, coal mining, energy, insurance, chemicals and fertilizers, and industrial safety products with the primary objective of ensuring a reasonable return to its shareholders. The company’s economical, social, and environmental objectives are the same as that of Woolworths Ltd as outline above (Wesfarmers, n.d ). Profitability Profitability is indicated by the company’s profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity. It shows the overall efficiency and performance of the company. Gross Profit Margin Woolworths’ gross profit margin for the year 2011 has improved by 0.05 %. For Wesfarmers, it has reduced by 0.03%. But, Wesfarmers Ltd’s gross profit is higher than that of Woolworths Ltd i.e 30.96 % for the former and 25.78 % for the latter. This ratio is an indication of the cost of goods sold. It reveals how well, a company can control its inventory and manufacturing costs. The company’s ability to purchase raw materials at a competitive price and hold an optimum level of inventory consisting of raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods and selling price of the finished goods determine the volume and percentage of its gross profit. It follows therefore that the higher the gross profit margin, the better for the company. Thus, Woolworth’s lesser percentage of gross profit margin may be due to its un-remunerative selling price, excessive purchase costs, or inventory holding costs. Woolworth may remedy the situation by increasing its selling price if possible or reduce their purchase costs or inventory costs. Similarly, Wesfarmer’s higher percentage of gross profit margin by 4.18 % for the year 2011 may be due to their lower purchase costs, lower invento
The influence of Florence Nightingale on modern nursing, public health, and statistics are undeniably immense. Her contribution during the Crimean war resulted in the reduction of mortality rates among soldiers by two-thirds because of her introduction of preventive measures (HISTORY). These measures imply the provision of “clean clothes and beds, appropriate food, sufficient space for each bed and space between beds” (Peličić 88). The work of Nightingale as a statistician aimed at the resolution of possible epidemics within hospitals and made a significant contribution to the development of hospital statistics. Her legacy accounts for the pledge for nurses and 200 books (Peličić 88). Her initial books were dedicated to caring, hygiene, nutrition, and pediatrics (Peličić 88). In addition, she opened the nursing school at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London in order to introduce the professional nursery into the field (Peličić 88). As a result, she was able to provide trained nurses to take care of the endangered social layers in the ambulance offices of correction homes. This demonstrates her influence and importance in the improvement of the healthcare sector. The pledge of Florence Nightingale consists of four main clauses, which I consider as valuable foundations for professional ethics in the nursery. They are abstinence from administering and utilization of harmful substances, maintenance of high professional standards, and loyalty to her role as a physician’s aide coupled with devotion to human welfare (Peličić 88). The professional dedication and attitude towards nursery work established by Nightingale are remarkable. Simultaneously, it sets ethical boundaries for the nursing profession, reassuring the quality of medical services provided and the image of nurses outside of the workspace. The latter can be seen in the line, “I will abstain myself from whatever is deleterious and mischievous.” Furthermore, she attributed the essential component of medical practice that is patient’s confidentiality the promise to not spread any information about the patient and his or her family. I would like to adhere to the ethical standards set by Florence Nightingale in my own practice and to demonstrate the same level of patient-centered care. Works Cited HISTORY (YouTube Channel). “Florence Nightingale: Changing the Field of Nursing – Fast Facts | History.” YouTube , 2016. Peličić, Damir. “Foundations of the aspect of health care and two hundred years since the birth of Florence Nightingale 1820-1910.” Zdravstvena zaštita 49.4 (2020): 83-90.
Abstract Guess Inc. is a leading American apparel company specialized in clothes, watches, perfumes, jewelry, and other fashion accessories. Within the last three decades, the company has faced numerous challenges and lawsuits arising from its unethical business practices. This discussion identifies the use of toxic chemicals, sweetshop labor practices, and controversial advertisements as the major ethical issues affecting the company. The discussion examines the experiences of the company’s employees and the best managerial strategies to deal with its current ethical issues. Guess Incorporation is an American apparel company. The company’s brand includes products such as clothes, watches, fashion accessories, perfumes, and jewelry. It is also the owner of Marciano Clothes. Four brothers founded the company in 1981. After a few years, the company expanded its products to include “denim-driven” apparels for children and teenagers. Although Guess has been a successful brand within the last three decades, it faces various ethical issues and dilemmas that continue to affect its business. Ethical Dilemmas and Issues The company has been trying to build its reputation after several years of unethical practices from its manufacturing processes and advertisements. Such ethical issues have significantly affected the company’s business strategy. In the 1980s, Guess Company was accused of sweatshop labor practices. The company became a major “crook” for such unethical production and manufacturing processes. Different authorities and observers accused the company’s contractors of unfair labor practices including inadequate salaries and failure to provide the required minimum wages ( Guess Who’s Unhappy with the IRS 2012). The same allegations surfaced in the 1990s. There were numerous protests and campaigns against the company’s clothes. In the United States, the company was facing numerous lawsuits for such malpractices. In the recent past, many people have criticized the company for being “demeaning” to American women. This is the case because it uses controversial advertisements. This has become a major challenge because the world has been promoting the idea of “feminism”. Although the company has been trying hard to deal with such issues, the outstanding thing is that they continue to affect the company’s image ( Guess Who’s Unhappy with the IRS 2012). The other major issue associated with the company includes the use of toxic compounds and pesticides. This has continued to affect the people and employees. Apart from its history of relying on sweatshops, the company does not promote the best “Code of Conduct”. This has continued to affect the company’s image. The company’s financial reporting systems and supply chain practices are not transpa
Why were labor unions established? Labor unions were established as a joint effort by industrial and civil workers to seek attention to their common problems. Most workers experienced almost similar problems ranging from remunerations to general working conditions as well as interpersonal relations at their workplaces. This called for a joint solution from all workers to have their pleas heard, and as a result, labor unions were established. Are they relevant in today’s workforce? Why or why not? I do not have any personal experience with such unions, but I have a feeling that labor unions are still relevant. They have, in many circumstances, turned out to be the only channel where employees can confidently channel their grievances to the relevant administrative authorities without fear of victimization or whatsoever. Labor unions provide a platform for healthy negotiations between administrators and their subjects regarding employee relations hence helping curb unnecessary workers’ strikes and boycotts.
Introduction A business plan refers to a formal presentation of business goals, how the business intends to achieve the goals, and the reasons for choosing those goals (Bangs, 2002). A business plan also includes a description of what the business does, the markets served, as well as the features that make it standout from their competitors. A business plan can apply to a start up business or an existing business that intends to expand its operations, introduce a new product into the market, or rebrand (Bangs, 2002). A business plan focuses on either internal or external elements of a business. External business elements include customers and investors who associate with a business. Internally focused business plans target transitional goals that help in reaching external goals (Bangs, 2002). This essay will provide a business plan for a computer business that I am starting up. The business plan will include a statement of the business vision, goals, operational strategies, as well as an internally and externally focused SWOT analysis. The name of the business I am starting up is Starlight Computer Solutions Ltd. Business Description Starlight Computer Solutions Ltd will focus on offering cloud computing services and solutions to its various clients. Our client base will include businesses and individuals. The business will operate from the capital city, with a start-up workforce of twenty employees. We will set up an office in the central business district, where we intend to draw most of our clients. The start-up capital will be $1.5 million, which will cater for salaries within the first few months of operation, getting an office, acquiring the necessary resources and assets, obtaining essential documents and licenses, as well as marketing the business (Bangs, 2002). Starlight computer services will offer various types of cloud computing services to various clients in line with their preferences and our corporate values. The services we will offer to our clients are social networking, e-mail, online offices, backup services, as well as banking and financial services (Miller, 2008). Provision of these services will require strict adherence to our corporate culture and organizational structure. The corporate values for my business include professionalism, teamwork, integrity, honesty, responsibility, and customer prioritization (Miller, 2008). The organizational structure of Starlight Computer Solutions will have three levels comprising of a business director, business managers, and employees. The business intends to achieve good revenue margins by focusing on our strengths, identifying our weaknesses, exploiting available opp
Abstract Today, the notion of environmental ethics is applied widely because the technologies that transform ecology intrude into natural processes and modify them by the needs of the human. Natural elements of ecosystems are replaced by artificial ones, which explains the necessity to search for those approaches that regulate technogenic activities to exclude harm to the environment. The participation of government boards in this work is mandatory since relevant provisions and policies are adopted at the state level. The purpose of this research is to explain the general environmental philosophy and ethics embodied by the US government. As a rationale, academic articles, printed editions, online literature, and media publications will be used. Introduction The issues of environmental protection in the USA are an actual problem since a large number of industrial enterprises on the territory of the country inevitably hurt its ecology. The government’s work on this topic is largely determined by the provisions of environmental ethics, a special policy that provides for control over the preservation of the balance of nature and human activity. Assessing the status of available resources, managing the activities of relevant environmental organizations, and passing laws and regulations are the tasks of officials. To receive a comprehensive picture of the essence of such a phenomenon as environmental ethics, it is essential to consider not only its provisions but also specific measures for its maintenance. Statements by the country’s leaders and certain acts may be analyzed as the primary regulatory and legal grounds for evaluating this phenomenon and its perspectives. On the whole, environmental ethics is one of the mechanisms that allow choosing the best ways of moving about ecology protection and determining the work of official agencies in this direction. Annotations Environmental ethics is a special form of control over the state of ecology in a certain region. The corresponding legal acts regulated by state officials define this target area as a set of measures aimed at preventing and eliminating the dangerous consequences of contamination. The work of the government is the central activity that helps to adjust the development of the country concerning environmental ethics and
Abstract Hospitalised patients depend on nurses for the provision of health care services. Hospitals, on the other hand, must recruit qualified nurses and ensure that the nurses continue to offer their services for prolonged periods. The discovery of new diseases and advancements in health care provision means that nurses need to develop their careers by undergoing continuous training. The recruitment process, therefore, needs to incorporate career programs to ensure that newly recruited nurses can advance their careers to offer quality services to patients. Introduction A hospital requires a dedicated team that works diligently. The ability of hospital staff to work harmoniously is mainly influenced by the personal characteristics of the members of staff. However, training also plays a significant role in the behaviour of hospital staff. The hiring of nurses in hospitals is becoming more complex since the assessment of core competencies requires more time and close monitoring of an individual’s ability to work. Though academic qualifications are crucial in gauging one’s ability to work, they are not the absolute standards for defining an individual’s competency. An organisation’s success is highly determined by the competency and dedication of its staff. Staff performance is a result of career development and core competencies of its members. The role of the human resource department in career development is crucial due to the importance of career development in the nursing field. The human resource department needs to have opportunities to develop its staff. In addition, the department should receive support to enable it motivate the staff members to develop their careers. Novel diseases are regularly discovered as new disease management programs continue to be developed. Therefore, new knowledge regarding the management of various medical conditions is continuously generated. The ability of a nurse to remain updated in the nursing field through training and research is thus mandatory. This paper discusses the various models and methods that a hospital can use in the hiring of nurses. The paper illustrates the integration of career programs into the hiring of nurses since the importance of intensive recruiting underscores the basis of developing careers. The paper also outlines the various models and approaches used in developing the careers of nurses in a medical organisation. Career Development Models Career development entails the continued enrichment of one’s professional knowledge on a given job. There are various career development models proposed by different authors. These models assist in the evaluation and mapping of the care
The culture of excellence is one of the most impactful factors for an organization’s sustainable growth and efficiency. Today, many businesses include striving to superiority into their companies’ value statements, contracts, and management practices. The culture of excellence is also appropriate for the healthcare industry as it addresses the demand in improving patient safety, quality of treatment, and facilities’ working environment (Smith & Plunkett, 2019). Indeed, most hospitals’ mission, vision, and values consider continuous enhancement and advantaging as their main aspirations. Including a culture of excellence in the main statements and regulations helps facilities and executives develop leadership approaches to maintain superiority in all organizational levels (Carvalho et al., 2019). All departments must be willing to deliver the highest quality of their services, and the motivation to continue performing at best needs to be a part of administrative operations (Carvalho et al., 2019). This paper aims to discuss the characteristics of a culture of excellence, explore the mission, vision, values of San Francisco’s St. Mary’s Medical Center as an example, and identify the appropriate leadership strategies. A culture of excellence has always existed in many businesses as a necessary approach to delivering a high-quality product. The older implementation was related to strict rules, fines, and punishments for disobedience, yet the novel strategies are based on employees’ and executives’ encouragement, mission statement, and rewarding. The concept of a culture of excellence is to maintain personnel’s conviction that their work is meaningful and requires to be performed with superiority and be continuously improved (Hayne et al., 2020). The workspace environment, company values, and bonus systems are the common drivers of the employees’ motivations necessary to exercise the state of advance. Furthermore, effective leadership practices that comply with the mission applied in the organization are crucial for the concept of superiority to be successfully implemented. The culture of excellence includes multiple characteristics and practices that must exist in organizations to maintain high-quality service delivery through the employees’ willingness to improve. Firstly, collective commitment to the purpose and mission are necessary for a company to exercise the concept of superiority (Smith & Plunkett, 2019). For instance, healthcare facilities’ personnel must understand the importance of patient safety and appliance of the most workable and evidence-based practices as part of their organization’s mission. If there are examples of their colleagues who saved lives and timely provided high-quality treatment for clients, the employees would be more committed to their workplace values. Moreover, the culture of excellence is focused on high performance, therefore organizations must create the circumstances where their workforce will be the most efficient for the most prolonged period. Indeed, in the healthcare industry, wo