ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Blood Diamond is a political war film which acquired its title from the diamonds mined in the African war torn areas. The starring in the movie is Leonardo DiCarprio. The movie also features Jenniffer Connelly and Djimon Hounsou. The movie is directed and produced by Edward Zwick. There are many themes in the movie. The title introduces the main theme in the movie. From its title, it becomes clear that the diamonds mined in Africa are used to finance conflicts. The film ably depicts a conflict between the government soldiers and the rebels. The direct effect of the said conflict to the citizens is witnessed. Ordinary citizens are terrorized and forced to harvest diamonds by the rebels. The most striking part of the film is portrayed when Solomon Vandy discovers a piece of diamond and hides it. His life changes from that moment. His family is taken away from him, and he is detained. His hope to see his family rests on his ability to locate where he buried the diamond. His son becomes a child soldier under the command of Captain Poison. The movie indicates that the armed conflict in African states is funded by diamond companies. The lives of citizens in those countries are adversely disrupted by the conflicts. In Blood Diamond, Solomon’s son becomes a child soldier hence missing a chance to get basic education. Poverty is evidenced which is aggravated by the endless conflicts. The movie shows the role played by developing countries in financing armed conflict in African countries. How the book relates to the movie The book, Bottom Billion by Paul Collier, directly relates to the events seen in the movie. The book focuses on the economic situations in Africa. Collier draws a distinction between the developing and the developed countries. The author argues that developing countries have experienced a growth while developing countries have been affected by poverty. His book points out that developing countries have become poorer than they were in the previous years. In relation to the movie, Collier discusses the four traps that the developing countries face. He argues that natural resources in developing countries are used to facilitate conflicts. Collier avers that developing countries experience distortions which target their natural resources. His research shows that armed conflict is a key economic impediment in developing countries. He vehemently denies the argument that conflicts in developing count
Socrates was charged by Melitus, Anytus and Lycon others of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens. The affidavit signed by Meletus made two charges against Socrates: refusing to recognize gods recognized by the state and instead introducing alien gods and corrupting the youth. He had to defend himself against those charges in the People’s Court. His defense is contained in Plato’s Apology. In the Apology Socrates first acknowledges that his accusers are persuasive but he is not guilty of the charges they level against him. Socrates denies the charge of corrupting the youth by teaching his subversive doctrines by saying that he has nothing to do with physical speculation. He challenges the accusers to seek the views of those who have heard him speak and their neighbors as far as the charges are concerned. He points out that he teaches and receives remuneration, Ceos, Hippias, Gorgias, Elis and Prodicus who teach and charge young men like him attract no accusations. The defense against this charge cannot be said to be successful. Fist, he does not appear to be apologetic and to the contrary confirms the general opinion held by majority of his jury that he thinks he is the wisest. He informs the jury that he has been searching for a wise man ever since his friend Chaerophon visited the oracle of Delphi which revealed that there is no wiser man than he is. He details how, after receiving the oracle he traversed Athens in search of a wiser man but did not come across any. He says that he discovered that rhetoricians like Lycon, poets like Meletus, craftsmen like Anytus and politicians are not wise; the less esteemed are wiser instead. He tells the jury that after meeting people who are extremely proud yet they do not know much about themselves, he has surely confirmed that he is the wisest since he knows that he knows very little. This flies in the face of his defense as it annoys them since it implies that they are more foolish. To the jury, instead of the accused exonerating himself, he goes ahead to affirm the charges and makes it worse by offering them as examples. As if to add salt to an injury, when asked about his penalty, he suggests that he should be honored like Athenian Olympic heroes by giving him free meals until he denies. This is more likely to annoy the jury as they may consider it arrogance on the part of the accused. The fact that Socrates begs the jury not to interrupt him three times in the Apology shows that they have developed some anger and are probably unwilling to listen to his endless philosophizing while displaying utter disrespect for them. The level of irritation that his words visit on the jury seals his fate. What is important for him is not an acquittal but his philosophical convictions. I don’t think that he could have apologized at all. Even when faced with the prospect of dying, S
Arduino board is a small circuit board. Its developers define it as “an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software” (as cited in Fish, 2011, para. 4). However, it is, actually, a programmable logic controller. The board can control loads of DIY hardware projects. It is now widely used worldwide and the users are often students as well as professionals who are working on development of certain devices that are based on the use of actuators and sensors. Importantly, Arduino is supported by the online community and people are sharing ideas on improvements and possible uses of the devices. The Arduino board was developed in 2005. It was a project of several students who studied at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (Italy). The board was created as an alternative to a more expensive one. Prior to creation of Arduino, people had to use a more expensive BASIC Stamp (that could cost around $100). Interestingly, the new board was named after a café where the students often got together. After completion of the project, the designers of the device worked on its further development. Major areas of the concern were its price, weight as well as availability to the public. Clearly, the product has earned immense popularity among students and hobbyists as well as professionals. Remarkably, Arduino is available under Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license (Fish, 2011, para. 7). There is one significant point to be taken into account, as it can be accessible under copyleft license. Thus, although designers can modify and/or use the hardware, they cannot use the name Arduino without permission of the board developers. As has been mentioned above, Arduinos are supported by the online community and each user can share his/her ideas on any adjustments. It is important to add that the board costs only around $50, which is affordable for many. As has been mentioned above, the Arduino Board is a (Atmel 8-bit) microcontroller. It includes certain components that enable the board to be incorporated into different circuits. One of major peculiarities of Arduino is connecters that can be used to connect the board to different shields. The boards contain a number of chips (usually megaAVR). In the majority of cases, Arduino boards contain a ceramic resonator and 5 volt linear regulator. The boards are pre-programmed that makes it easier to upload programs to the flash memory. Notably, it is easy to use the board as the programing language is simple and similar to Java languages.
A vocational expert on disability claims is a person with the task of identifying what jobs are available for disabled employees. One can acquire a disability as a result of a motor vehicle accident, personal injury, or natural cause. A vocational expert, therefore, has a duty to act on behalf of the victims in pursuit of justice for their client in the workplace. In my visit to the U.S Social Security Administration, I spent time with Ben Williams, a vocational expert in disability claims. He shared with me his professionalism and the factors surrounding his field. The mission of this call is to ensure that the claimant is given justice in the court of law. According to Ben, one must be able to understand the plight of the disabled in order to execute his/her duties as an expert. He/she has to understand clearly the industrial law and the rules governing the employers and the employees in respect to the companies in concern. While representing a client, an expert has to identify the level of disability of his client and other available jobs in the company. This then gives him a platform for evaluating a substitute job position for his client. As an expert, one has to psychologically prepare his/her client by proper counseling. Most victims of disability might suffer from trauma. The trauma makes them hopeless and may lose the courage to face their employer in the request for a favor. They have to be ensured of their rights as employees who have lost some ability. However, they can still perform well in other areas of the firm. The social security administration chamber is concerned with the hearing of the workers’ disability cases. The vocational expert represents his client in front of an administrative judge who listens and makes the judgment on the matter. The expert uses his experience and knowledge of the field while testifying. The administrative judge will be required to ask a number of questions regarding the claimant’s state. The claimant’s law expert will then be required to answer the questions on his/her behalf. Being a vocational expert in disability comes with many advantages. At the personal level, one gets to understand the law of the land. The judiciary as well recognizes him/her as part of the judicial system. The workforce involved is that of social welfare and the fight for the rights of the disadvantaged. People get to appreciate the effort one makes and render power for promotion into other careers. As an expert, yo
Industrial Engineering is a branch of engineering concerned with the production or manufacturing processes and their improvement. The Industrial Engineer could have various job titles including:  1. Safety, health and environment (SHE) specialist  2. Logistics planner  3. Manufacturing Engineer  4. Quality Control (ISO) Engineer  5. Consultant Engineer  6. Design Engineer  7. Sales Engineer  8. Project Engineer  9. Electrical engineer 10. Process Documentation and Methods Analyst In this paper, various job titles, job descriptions and main tasks of an industrial engineer are discussed. Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) engineer Job description In any industry, the safety of the workers is of high priority to ensure zero injuries and deaths. The SHE specialist is an engineer in charge of ensuring the safety and health of the workers are improved. He is concerned in planning, coordinating and implementing safety and environmental programs to ensure a proper working environment and a reduction or elimination of injuries. To ensure personnel safety, the SHE specialist is involved in making sure that personal protective equipment (PPE) is available for the workers’ use. Moreover, he ensures safety devices are installed on the machinery. The engineer works closely with the Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) and the fire departments in creating a safe environment. To work as a SHE engineer, a degree in any engineering field is required. He or she must obtain a license to work as safety personnel. He or she can work in any manufacturing industry or government firm. The SHE engineer reports directly to the SHE manager or chief engineer in charge of operations and supervises SHE technicians and all workers. Most of the work of the SHE engineer involves traveling to various sites to train workers and access the safety and environmental conditions (Net Industries, 2011). Main tasks   * Installing safety devices on any machinery and, providing workers with protective equipment.   * Training workers on safety-related issues and procedures to prevent the occurrence of accidents.   * Investigation of all industrial accidents and coming up with measures to ensure their reduction.   * Liaising with the Occupational safety and health association to ensure a safe environment is provided.   * Conducting tests to measure radiation, noise, air and temperature qualities. Manufacturing Engineer Job description He is charged with the responsibility of ensuring all manufacturing processes, designs, available tools, machinery and workforce in the industry are running smoothly and efficiently. In addition, he makes sure quality standards are met (Career Planner, 2011). The qualifications of a manufacturing engineer include a degree in industrial or manufacturing engineering. He reports to the operations engineer and supervises other engineers or technicians. Most of the work is in-house and does not require much traveling. Main tasks   * Planning workforce deployment within the industry to ensure maximum productivity and efficiency.   * Liaising with merchants to ensure
Introduction The importance is great for every human being to acquire the vital skills which one will be able to carry through one’s entire life, the skills which will enrich the person’s life and will add their beautiful and bright colors into it. One of such important skills is dancing; thus, dance as an educational program is a very rewarding and important course. Dance as education greatly improves the student’s physical and mental health, develops one’s thinking abilities and is a source of inimitable aesthetic pleasure and self-realization. Main body The idea to include dance movement in the general education curriculum has always been actively discussed (Robelen 1). Through the centuries there existed numerous successful practices of including dance in the educational process in private schools. Among such successful educational establishments to include dance into their curriculum are School for noble maidens and many more (Robelen 1). Nowadays the issue of including dance into public school’s curriculum is an on-the-spot matter. Children and adolescences are reportedly mentioned as the age group where the risk of physical inactivation causes the strongest health harm (Rodriguez 14). Students in varied educational establishments spend too much time on motionless tasks. Thus, the need to diversify the educational curriculum including dance movement it seems to be of greatest interest. There is hardly a young person to have a distaste to dance. Everybody likes it; of course, not all kinds of it, but still some kind of it will be among the favorites of every student. It does not really matter whether it will be hip hop, breakdance, cramp, jazz-funk, jazz modern, contemporary, modern, classic style, swing, ballroom dances and so on. So, if dancing is an active task which is so appealing to all young people, what else can be said about the benefits it brings? The benefits of dance as education are so abundant that there is hardly a possibility to mention all of them; however, I will just try to mention a few of such important categories. First of all, this is the student’s health. Everybody knows how important is to be active and dynamic for good health. Successful dancers maintain great mental and physical health throughout their entire life (Rodriguez 8). Dance also makes people happy as it presents them with inimitable esthetic satisfaction which can be hardly acquired elsewhere. Even people who are somehow disabled on the reason of their poor health may choose such study loads which will be appropriate in
Introduction The solar system is comprised of nine planets and each planet rotates on its own axis. Mercury is the innermost planet because of its close proximity to the sun. This planet can hardly support any life because the temperatures within its atmosphere are very high 1, 2 . However, it is difficult to observe Mercury because the sun’s rays create a high contrast, which in return blurs the image. Perhaps this is why astronauts could not explore the entire planet at a go 2 . The first spaceship to ever land in mercury was the Mariner 10 in 1974. In March 2011, another spaceship by the name messenger (Mercury, Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging) landed in mercury to complete the unfinished business that was commenced by Mariner 10 2, 3 .This paper will therefore focus on the location of mercury with respect to the solar system. Besides that, the paper will analyze the expedition of the Messenger on mercury’s surface. Figure 1 – Mercury 9 The distance between the nine planets of the solar system is very wide such that human carriers such as planes cannot cover the distance. It is in this regard that scientists invented the rockets. After the rockets were developed, astronauts have been able to explore the other planets that surround the sun 3, 4 . Mercury has been of much interest because it is very close to the sun. One would think that it is not necessary to know about the other planets because each planet exists independently. However, the planets depend on one common source of natural lighting and thus, understanding what happens in the other planets would enable us to prepare for future changes such as global warming. Mercury basics Mercury Composition Mercury is comprised of metallic compounds that emit magnetic fields that are weaker than those of the earth 9. The density of this planet is almost the same to that of the earth and this explains why the winds carried the eroded soils. If its density were low, the soils would have remained on its surface. The landscape of mercury has many escarpments, mountains and craters. Figure 2 – Mercury’s Landscape There are also low-lying grounds that suggest that the planet has been dormant for a long time 6 . Falling comets and asteroids must have caused the craters. These two objects must have landed on mercury’s surface during a volcanic eruption; otherwise, they would not have left permanent impressions. The craters cover hundreds of kilometers and some are more than a thousand kilometers wide 7, 30 . Just like the earth, mercury’s core is comprised of molten lava due to high temperatures. The falling comets pierced through its core, which caused the molten magma to leak into the pools that the falling objects created. Mercury is very small compared to the other planets. One would thus expect it to go round the sun much faster than the other planets but contrary to this, its speed is relatively slow. It takes 59 days to complete one round 8, 20 . The earth takes 365 days, which adds up
Preferred and common stockholders have some interests in organizations which are referred to as owner’s equity. Investors contribute to the capital of a corporation through the purchase of stocks sold by the corporation without the use of a secondary market (Pratt, 2010). This type of capital is referred to as paid-in capital. The total paid-in capital is a combination of share capital and additional paid-in capital that is normally added to the nominal value of a stock. On the other hand, earned capital is the type of capital that comes from a company’s profitable operations (Pratt, 2010). The two types of capital are normally reflected on the balance sheet as part of the owner’s equity. Earned capital is calculated by subtracting dividends from the total sum of the company’s beginning capital and the net income. The net income of a company is the major source of earned capital (Porter, 2010). Companies reinvest earned capital to generate more profits and at the same time retain their original capital. Paid-in capital and earned capital should be kept separate because they are completely different and distinctive when it comes to capital sources (Porter, 2010). The sale of capital stock to investors brings new capital to the company. This paid-in capital is supposed to help the company in its quest to increase earned capital. It s therefore very important to keep paid-in capital separate from earned capital for a firm to be in a better position to evaluate the impact of pain-in capital and the extent at which it helps in increasing the company’s earned capital (Porter, 2010). Combining the two may lead to an overestimation of profits on the balance sheet which may not be for stockholders. There is always a high probability that the potential earnings from a company’s profitable operations may be misrepresented if paid-in capital is not separated from earned capital (Kimmel, 2010). The management of an organization may find it difficult to account for the company’s earnings if the two sources of capital are not separated. Earned capital is more important than paid-in capital because of a number of reasons (Kimmel, 2010). To begin with, earned capital is very important when observed from the point of view of an investor. It important for a company to earn its money from profitable operations compared to overdependence on the sale of stocks to raise capital. A compa