ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Negotiation remains a critical element in leadership and management. The concept of negotiation has occupied the realms of leadership because it is the core for a formidable and plausible leader (Burt, Petcavage & Pinkerton, 2010). However, questions have arisen as to what constitutes a good negotiator. Therefore, the paper examines some of the basic features that define a good negotiator. Patience. Patience is a critical item required for a negotiator. Patience refers to the ability of an individual to bear with situations perceived such as causing anxiety. In a negotiation process, parties in a dispute or any course seeking to reach consensus, must be able to bear with each other in order to accomplish a certain negotiation process deemed tough. The primary intention is to ensure agreement between parties involved in negotiation. For mutuality to prevail, one or both parties must bear qualities of persuasion to reach the end of an agreement. When the element of persuasion lacks in an individual acting as a negotiator, such negotiation may fail or take long to deliver the results (Ghauri & Usunier, 2003). The ability to bear and handle pressure. Some negotiation processes and environments are inherently pressure-oriented. In order to ensure coherence and smooth transition toward the intended agreement, a negotiator should have the ability to bear with mounting pressure from the competing parties (Burt, Petcavage & Pinkerton, 2010). In cases where a negotiating individual lacks this basic element, he or she is likely to succumb to the opposing forces in a negotiation. Assertiveness and controlled authority. It is essential to be assertive to ensure that the counterparts acknowledge your ability to voice your views and opinions freely and authoritatively. However, authority in this case does not imply the use of force in making opinions, but rather the ability to pinpoint issues without fear nor favor (Burt, Petcavage & Pinkerton, 2010). Assertiveness brings with itself the ability to convince people because one positions his or her statements from a factual base, hence, he or she might end up winning in the impending process. Good listening skills. It is fundamental to the one engaging in a negotiation to exhibit qualities of good listening. Negotiation takes place in a communication process. Therefore, a negotiator must portray good listening skills in order to comprehend and synthesize the opposing vie
The first article, Life Behind Barbed Wire, starts with a foreword by Dennis Ogawa. He starts by chronicling Yasutaro Soga’s last words to her husband as she was taken away to incarceration at Sand Island after the Pearl Harbor attack. Ogawa notes that Soga wrote on what she saw as opposed to what she felt. Afterward, Ogawa gives a short biography of Soga from her birth in Tokyo on March 18, 1873, to her arrest on December 7, 1941. After the foreword, Tetsuden Kashima gives an introduction to the book, Life behind Barbed Wire . Kashima explores how Japanese Americans were caught in uncertainty after the Pearl Harbor attacks as they were arrested and incarcerated without trial. Kashima notes that Soga’s troubles started back in 1936 when President Roosevelt notified his chief of naval operations to form a special list of all Japanese citizens living in Hawaii so that they could be placed in a concentration camp in case of problems. Kashima notes that the incarceration of Japanese citizens living in Hawaii by 1941 was the climax of an ongoing racial hostility, and the Pearl Harbor attacks simply catalyzed the process. The article is well written, with the authors citing specific dates when the events occurred. However, they do not indicate what the Japanese did to occasion the said racial hostility. The major theme of the second article is the First World War in East Asia. Before the First World War, Japan had tried to extend its influence in East Asia, but Western powers frustrated these attempts. However, the First World War presented Japan with an unprecedented opportunity to heighten its influence in two distinct ways. Firstly, the Western powers concentrated on the war, thus allowing Japan to execute its plans in East Asia. Secondly, Japan’s industries expanded due to the lack of imports from Europe. In addition, Japan supported Britain and attacked Germany’s Jiaozhou lease in China. Later on, it issued the Twenty-One Demands, which annexed Jiaozhou to its jurisdiction. However, it only achieved its objectives partially, and in 1916, it embarked on giving loans to China, which would enhance its influence in the region. However, after the Washington Conference in 1921, Japan lost Jiaozhou to China, and thus its influence. Apparently, Japan realized that it could not win a naval race against the United Stat
IT Integration and Synchronization Modernity is often referred to as the age of information, which makes IT a central aspect of any business. It has been acknowledged that IT integration and synchronization contribute to the development of an organization’s competitive advantage as companies manage to share information quickly and carry out tasks effectively. In simple terms, IT integration and synchronization increase “the amount of internal collaboration” and make it more efficient (Fredendall and Hill 221). Organizations can provide products and services of a higher quality as the vast majority of errors can be eliminated due to effective communication. TAL Apparel understood the need to integrate and effectively manage internal collaboration in the 2000s. The company’s Managing Director, Harry Lee, stresses that the efforts made to address this goal have started paying off quite recently (Farhoomand and Ho 5). The company invested considerable funds in the improvement of its internal communication and information sharing, but there were several unsuccessful attempts due to the use of inefficient software and strategies as well as the abundance of platforms developed within different departments and facilities. At present, the company has sound information and communications infrastructure that has contributed to the organization’s growth. Vendor Management Inventory (VMI) and Made-to-Measure Initiatives TAL Apparel employed vendor-managed inventory and made-to-measure approach that resulted in significant benefits for the company. The use of these methods has led to the development of a serious competitive advantage. TAL Apparel received the data that enabled the company to forecast future demand and produce its products timely. The made-to-measure initi
Introduction The most suitable definition of Art is yet to be found. In the recent past, numerous books, as well as journal articles, have argued over the basics of what is meant by calling something art (Michell, 23). Art is generally a vehicle that has been used since time immemorial by mankind, to express and communicate ideas and emotions (Crouch, 44). In the past, people would express their feelings or ideas through paintings on rocks or caves (Doniger, 77). However, as time went by, people learned that art could be expressed via different platforms and mediums, for instance, through sculptures, carvings, graffiti, architecture, and so forth. Different cultures have also had distinct artworks which have been expressed in various forms. Two cultures which have had some rather interesting artworks in the past, and whose art is still widely recognized, are the Indian and Chinese art (Mitter, 101). Discussion Brief History of Indian Art The history of Indian art is said to be as old as the Indus Valley civilization itself where each period in history has provided the nation with unique modes of expression, as well as unique forms of art (Stokstad, 30). India has always been well linked to the outside world via land and sea routes, bringing into the nation a wide variety of traditions and cultures. These influences of cultures of foreign lands always have and mostly been felt in the art of India. The influences have in turn enhanced the nation’s art in the years, and in the 21st Century, it is quite possible to observe these influences in Indian fine arts (Clark, 93). In India, historical art forms are seen as expressions of individuals who belong to distinct culture as well as social groups of the country. Since Indus Valley scripts have not yet been translated, whatever understanding people have of it has its foundation on artifacts, ruins, and sculptures left behind (Michell, 24). Additionally, Indian art as it has been indicated previously is the result of numerous influences from different cultures such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Jainism; it is more of religious art (Crouch, 46). Art in the Indus valley civilization generally depicted animal figures that had been created in abstract modes with high level of sophistication. Brief History of Chinese Art In the past, China was the only source for porcelain and that is why the name ‘china’ is commonly used when referring to porcelain (Doniger, 78). The history of Chinese art dates back to the Neolithic era, where artists used to paint on earthenware (Stokstad, 31). In the course of the Shang Dynasty, China was already making emerald carvings together with cast bronze that existed among grave products. Ancient China produced numerous forms of beautiful artworks where different dynasties and eras had their specialtie
Human beings have a tendency of operating together in groups, especially for people with similar characteristics. In many parts of the world, the youth identify themselves with those people who are immediately in their vicinity. As a result, many juvenile gangs have sprouted in many parts of the world. A gang can be defined as a group of people especially the youth who have common characteristics, mostly against what is considered as proper behavior in society (Siegel & Weish, 2010). Contrary to ancient gangs, nowadays gangs are more organized and large. Besides, the gangs have resulted to recruiting minors, making them a disaster in the waiting. However, in order to understand what society can do to save juvenile gang members, it is paramount to understand why the youth join these gangs and the key issues associated with juvenile gangs. Young people need society to be close to them every time (Goldson, 2011). Therefore, any breakdown in the family or lack of cohesiveness in the society makes the youth feel neglected. As a result, they will turn to any place where they can get people who listen to them for their psychological satisfaction. Unfortunately, only gangs are ready and available to offer this kind of comfort (Goldson, 2011). On the same note, people from financially unstable backgrounds find it difficult to provide for their children. Consequently, adolescents and young adults are forced to start looking for jobs at tender ages. However, without credentials it is hard to get well paying jobs. Consequently, the youth are compelled to join gangs since they provide easier means of getting money. Furthermore, the problem of drug abuse compels the youth to join various gangs. It should be noted that gangs have different structures and objectives. Some gangs operate in groups with a primary aim of making profits. The hierarchy of authority in these groups is vertical which in many instances, makes them highly elusive from law enforcing agencies (Chaskin, 2010). On the other hand, there are gangs which have minimal control over individual members and are quick to engage in violent activities. Furthermore, there are gangs which are not organized at all and the driving force for members is the need to belong to a certain group. Contrary to the first two types of gangs, it is very easy for one to get out of this gang (Siegel & Weish, 2010). Young people join gangs because the society is unable to provide them with a trusting relationship. Therefore, it is very important for every member of the society to show love to the youth from very tender ages; five years if possible. In this regard, cohesion in the society is very crucial to provide the youth with a sense of belonging (Chaskin, 2010). Moreover, parents are advised to take up their roles seriously. Much as the parents have to work to provide for their families, it is important that they find time for their children and guide them. Most imp
Introduction Human landscape has a long history that relates to the cultural, social and even the economic aspects of life since the agrarian revolution. As people became more conscious and concerned about their visible environment, knowledge about the contribution of landscapes on human lives is growing gradually (Cosgrove, 1989). Geographical studies of the modern era reveal that landscapes are forms of cultural and social constructs, as they possess elements of possible human interventions, environmental aspects, and cultural symbolism (Cosgrove, 1989). In China, architects have really influenced the spatial development and evolution of its modernized cities, which have become an anticipation of many nations. Contributing to the modern human landscape that involves the contemporary architectural designs, Ma Yansong is one of the Chinese architects who have taken the West by a surprise. Therefore, this essay seeks to analyze the Ma Yansong’s architecrural designs as some of the human landscapes of Chinese creation that are gradually becoming influential in China. Ma Yansong Landscape Being in the midst of modernism and very influential on the revolutions as seen in the modern days, Chinese city planning is taking a new form of advanced architectural design. Under Ma Yansong as the founder, the MAD architects of China have played a fundamental role in the modern housing and city planning of the Asian countries, with structures in China and Canada reflecting the MAD designs (Wang, 2013). As the main founder of the Beijing’s MAD architects, Ma Yansong has gradually become the most influential architect of the new era of building boom in China and other parts of the western nations. Beginning its influence in Canada after securing an opportunity to design the Absolute Towers in the Mississauga in Canada, Ma Yansong and the MAD architects gained a massive triumph after completing projects assigned to them in Canada (Wang, 2013). Among the famous landscape known to reflect the architectural works of Ma Yansong and the MAD architects is the landscape of the Sha
Introduction Banking system is characterized by a number of peculiarities that define it as a powerful and properly organized system with abilities to be developed constantly. Considering recent financial disasters in bother financial and non-financial firms all over the world, it is very important for each bank to take care of their own systems and management. Current banks have already faced with various types of risks that usually lead to negative effects on the developing business. This is why risk management has to be considered as one of the most significant bank operation that usually aims at identification of possible threat, in-time development of measurement and assessments, and concretization of objectives in order to minimize the level of negative consequences. In this paper, the analysis of two banks and their risk management will be given: Banco Popular Español S.A. with its abilities to take care of liquidity, credit, and other risks and the Saudi Investment Bank with its possibility to be an integral competitive part in the world market. Brief History of Banks Banco Popular Español S.A. Nowadays, Banco Popular Español S.A. takes the third place in the Spanish banking group. The success of this international bank may be explained by the devotion that is demonstrated by its founders and employers and the desire to provide people with reliable services, to save people’s money, and to become a good and fair partner with other systems. In 1926, Banco Popular Español S.A. was founded, and in the middle of the 20 th century, several representative offices were opened in different countries (not only in Spain). Within a short period of time, this bank becomes able to offer different commercial services to its potential consumers. To improve the work and achieve better results and recognition, the division of business took place, and four major segments have been identified. Main activities of Banco Popular Español S.A. are concentrated in such countries as Spain, Portugal, and the United States of American; in each country, there are more than 15,000 employees, and revenues reach approximately $6,000 million annually. The Saudi Investment Bank. The Saudi Investment Bank (SAIB) has been established as a joint stock organization in the middle of 1976. However, first operations were carried out by the Bank in March 1977. Within a short period of time, the activities of this Bank have been recognized in many countries all over the world: perfect money market, safe currency options, and foreign exchange. Due to reliable retail services, almost all
Overview This is a novel on two sisters and their love lives. Blanche, a school teacher from Laurel, Mississippi arrives to stay with her sister, Stella in New Orleans who is married to Stanley. She has lost her family fortune and estate due to a mortgage foreclosure. She is highly critical and snobbish when she regards the cramped up apartment that her sister and her husband lives in. She is also critical of the fact that it is in a noisy, working class neighborhood although she does not have enough money for a hotel. Her condescending manner causes her to have conflict with Stanley. Later, during a poker game when Blanche starts flirting with his friend called Mitch; Stanley gets violent and even beats his wife when she defends her sister. Blanche dislikes Stanley and advises her sister to leave him. Unfortunately Stanley overhears the conversation and tells her he knows of her Sordid past. Stanley tells Mitch of the immoral life Blanche has lived. He reveals that Blanche had not been given leave from teaching due to her bad nerves as earlier stated but that she had been fired as she had been having an affair with a teenage student. After losing the family home, she had stayed in dirt cheap hotel where she had been evicted due to her numerous sexual liaisons. On her birthday, Mitch does not come after learning of her past. He later tells her he can never marry her due to her past. Mitch pays for her transport ticket back to Mississippi. Stella gives birth and when Mitch arrives home he finds Blanche very drunk. They start fighting and he eventually rapes her. Blanche’s mind cannot deal with her desperate state of affairs and she eventually goes mad. She is taken to an insane asylum. Stella cries as her sister leaves while Stanley comforts her. She does not believe her husband raped her sister. Blanche’s Snobbery Blanche is fascinated with beautiful clothes, make-up, money and beautiful surroundings which she lets her sister and her husband know. She is an aging woman who is concerned with her fading beauty. She wears her showy but cheap evening clothes to attract men however she conceals her age. When she arrives in Stella’s neighborhood she asks her how she could have stooped so low to live in such poor conditions. She further makes disparaging comments about her husband who has come from a lower class and is of polish descent. Her patronizing and condescending attitude and snobbery however are not real. They are a cover-up of the problems that she is going through in her own life. It is a mask to hide the hideousness of the world she lives in (Paller, 1987, pg148) She wants to erase her past, she tells her sister, “Here I am, all freshly bathed and scented, and feeling like a brand
Introduction Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates share diverse aspects. They also have notable differences. These similarities and differences emerge from their roles in initiating important innovations and inventions. Indeed, their contribution to scientific advancement, technology and contemporary knowledge cannot be underestimated (McCormick, 2008). It is critical to examine these disparities and similarities. This is vital because such information would help to understand the innovation and entrepreneurship path. This paper compares and contrasts the life of Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates. The energy you channel towards reaching your goal is what matters in the society. Your determination, inspiration and hard work really count a lot. Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates are real proofs of this. Both of their studies did not contribute much to their inventions and innovations. Benjamin Franklin started to exhibit his talent at an early age having attended school for only one year (Klepper & Gunther, 1996). He had not acquired any knowledge to help him further his interests. Bill gates as well started officially to pursue his interest at the eighth grade when he took an interest in programming the general electric computer system in BASIC. His drop out at the university to pursue his interest shows that he did not need any studies to realise his dream. Benjamin’s father intended him to join the clergy (Klepper & Gunther, 1996). The only reason he did not join the clergy is that he would not have the required education needed at the clergy because his parent could not afford it. Bill on the other hand has his father thinking of him to be a lawyer. Both of their parents did not realise their interests at an early age and wanted them to be totally opposite of what themselves really wanted. If it was not for their determinations with what interested them, then they might have ended up as different people rather than what we know them to have been. These two men spent most of their time in science. They were also charitable; they gave a lot of money to the charity events. Although they both made a lot of money from their inventions, their driving force towards this was not to get wealthy. They had an interest in what they were doing. Many admire Benjamin. He was rich and famous from his printing work and inventions respectively. He eve