ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Water service is an integral part of civilization and comfort. In fact, it is needed for hygiene, food preparation, medical needs, trade, having fun etc. Water service may be reasonably regarded as the key significant element of contemporary society. The aim of this paper is to review the history of water service in the UK, as well as analyze the water sources, the volumes of water daily usage, and how the data is treated. The pressurizing practices are also important for analyzing the traditional approaches of water services. Type of piping, placement of hydrants, layout and other parameters should be analyzed for providing the proper image of the water services quality. History of Water Service in the UK In fact, the official history of water supply in the UK may be counted from 1944 when the Rural Water Supplies and Sewerage Act was adopted by the parliament. It was required for the water supply in England Scotland and Wales, as well as for regulating the water supply payments and guarantees. As for the matters of water supply history in general, it should be stated that the first instances of piped water supply were registered in the XIX century. The primary aim of this supply was the struggle with cholera, and for increasing the comfort of aristocracy. From now on, the government had control over the quality of the water supply; however, it had not been legally regulated up to 1944. The next step for the legislation of water supply took place in 1989, when OFWAT organization was created. This step emphasized the importance of high quality water supply for the UK. Sources of Water Supply and Usage The key source of fresh water and water services are rivers and lakes, as well as rainwater (depending on the region of the UK). In accordance with the official information associated with water supply services, it should be emphasized that the sources of water supply are changing depending on the requirements and needs of the population. Water sanitation principles also depend on the sources, as if water is taken from rivers, it should be filtered and processed with sanitation chemicals. As for the matters of usage, it is stated that the daily usage of water is 16,406 megaliters. Hence, the annual consumption totals 5.988,190 megalitres. These consumption rates are steadily but slowly growing due to the population increase. Additionally, water is required for medical purposes, as well as for sanitation measures. As for the matters of alternative sources, the information is lacking. UK is not resorting to collecting water from the ocean surface; however, some regions are using rainwater for supplying it for the communal needs. Additionally, some filtration stations use underground sources, as the water from these resources is often clearer and requires fewer processing measures. In fact, the usage of underground sources is not widely sp
Zillow company is the organization which provides different services for people who want to buy a house. That is why, there are certain strategic steps which main aim is to help company become beneficial. First of all, it created its own web site which helps it to develop and provide various services (DePillis para. 1). It is rather wise decision under modern conditions. The fact is that nowadays the Internet plays very significant role in the functioning of any company. It is possible to say that some companies have more incomes from deals which were closed in the internet. Taking into account the character of services which a company provides, it should be said that creation of the Internet site is one of the most important strategic steps. Being oriented on people who follow the latest tendencies in given sphere, Zillow company tries to create a certain set of strategic activities which main aim is to create and support the image of modern company. With this in mind, it is possible to say that creation of its own web site is one of the most important strategic steps of the company as it can serve as the starting point from which the whole functioning of the company under new conditions could be organized. It can guarantee acquisition of a certain competitive advantage. The next important step is connected with the previous one. This step is creation of strategic base which could help to suggest customers information about different kinds of estates which are available at the moment. Moreover, the data base created by the company includes information which is presented in different newspapers connected with the issue. It is very important for the functioning of the company. More than 180 United States newspapers become the part of Zillow Newspaper Consortium (Zacks Equity Research para. 6). This action helps to achieve competitive advantage and become more beneficial. Moreover, is should be said that strategic planning and thinking includes information acquisition and its storage in order to be able to analyze situation on the market and respond to the slightest changes in it. Within this framework, Zillows database can be taken as a very important strategic step, because Zillow Newspaper Consortium is able to seize the whole market and help top managers of the company to create some new activities which will be able to regulate companys functioning. Additionally, it is also obvious that this Newspaper Consortium will help a company to promote its services which can be taken as a wise strategic step. One more important strategic activity of the company, which shows good skills in strategic planning, is the purchase of Trulia, another influential web site which deals with the same issue (Firlus, White and Willanzheimer para. 4). It is obvious that in such a way the company tries to get rid of rivals and dominate. This step could be analyzed through the prism of strategic planning and thinking. It is evident, that rivalry is the thing which stimulates development of the company, though, at the same
Overview The United States is the only country that has fought for freedom many times as compared to any other nation. The aim of any American citizen is to achieve the dream of being democratic, a superpower, diverse, and technologically ahead of others. This has played a critical role of uniting the nation and instilling values that characterize the country’s citizens globally. America believes that a better society is developed through adoption of democracy where the state plays an important role of providing an enabling environment for individual fulfillment meaning discrimination based on gender, race, and social status is highly discouraged. The US has unique socio-political and economic institutions that are effective in serving the population. For instance, the country is the only with a two-party system, three-levels of policing, and a unique administration that gives states semi-autonomous powers to executive important functions to the citizens, such as offering healthcare and education. However, the usual problems that complex societies face, including racial discrimination, classism, and government’s incompetence in providing security is common in the country. This paper analyzes the three articles with an aim of enhancing understanding on the America’s struggle spirit. The articles suggest that the country’s populace never gives up in fighting for the dream to achieve diversity. The Open Boat The author, Stephen Crane, gives a real life story after facing several problems when the ship he boarded sunk leaving him and the four colleagues stranded for at least thirty hours in the sea. He manages to escape unhurt after the vessel hit the sandbar, but it was unfortunate for one of his friend, an oiler by the name Higgins, who perished as soon as the boat capsized. The short narrative has seven parts, with the first section introducing the main characters including the correspondent, the captain, cook, and the oiler. In the first four sections, the sailors are unhappy about the situation and exchange harsh words against each other. They realize that nature is something very different and cannot be controlled hence they sympathize with each other (Crane, 2010). The four men help each other to reach the shore with each taking a specific responsibility. In the final chapter, they arrive at a conclusion to swim to the safest place having been stuck for over thirty hours in the ship wreckage. Billie the oiler is unable to reach the shore, but the three men rejoice at the end. One of the major themes in the story is the relationship between man and nature whereby the author discuses extensively the way in which man is detached from society, God, and nature. The sailors were unhappy because of problems they encountered at the sea, as they realized that nature is ambivalent. According to the author, nature does not exist to help human beings, something captured from the statement alleging that she (nature) was not kind to them, helpful, faithful, or intelligent. This means nature does not have any effect on the existence of human beings implying individ
Introduction Culture is one aspect of business that is ignored by many people wishing to conduct business on the international scene. Studying and understanding the cultures of various nations would be beneficial to international business people since they can compare opportunities and make informed choices. This paper will conduct a review to provide an insight into the culture of the United Arab Emirates and how it impacts the local and international business. Various dimensions and elements of behavior will be discussed. Specifically, the behavior elements such as communication, dressing patterns, personal grooming, and expression of emotions will be reviewed. Behavior of women in UAE Dress code is an important custom in the UAE. Women need to have a head scarf, especially when visiting rural areas. Shorts, tight pants, sleeveless and short sleeved tops should be avoided. Women should try and dress as close as possible to the locals. The locals value marriage greatly and it is important for married women to travel with their rings on or for the single to have some form of wedding band to avoid stingy questions. Before taking photographs, it is important to ask for permission. Same group of religious women believes that taking their photo is taking their soul. The UAE is characterized by women street vendors and to avoid being harassed or embarrassed, individuals should speak as few words as possible such as “no, thank you”. In some regions, men and women interact from a distance and hence foreign females should be cautious about touching their UAE male business partners unless they stretch their hand first. Women are well groomed and very polite to strangers in the streets and other social places. Women rarely talk in the company of a man. Behavior of men Men in the UAE dress in long robes and wear the Arafat garment around their necks. Men are also permitted to wear trousers and not cover their faces. Married men are expected to speak first and his position of authority cannot be challenged. Men in the UAE are more dominating and have the responsibility of taking care of their families. Basically, men in th
Case It must be recognized that humanity cannot live without industry; whether it is people’s lives or the economic development of some areas, the sector is in the dominant position. Moreover, developed industries can solve the employment and financial problems of local residents. However, people have ignored the harm to local communities and residents behind the pursuit of accelerated development, and racial discrimination has become one of the factors. The place with the shocking name “Cancer Alley” is located in the southern part of the state of Louisiana in the United States. Compared to people living in other parts of the United States, residents of this community are 50 times more likely to get cancer (Colarossi). “Cancer Alley” is the code name for St. James Parish in Louis Ann. The community whose residents are mainly African Americans is located in the center of local industry. There are about 150 polluting factories nearby, such as chemical plants, oil refineries, and plastic factories. The factories near the community are still expanding, and they defile the surrounding water and the air. Due to the peculiarities of this community, experts believe that this is not a simple environmental pollution case, it is environmental racism. The polluting factories gathered around this community are violating the human rights of local African American residents. These factories are also threatening black people’s right to equality and non-discrimination, the right to life, the right to health, the right to an adequate standard of living, and cultural rights (“Environmental Racism in Louisiana’s ‘Cancer Alley’ Must End”) Media Object The presented interactive media object would visualize the release of harmful substances from the plant into the atmosphere. The reader would be able to rotate space and observe the movement of substantial poisonous clouds. In addition, schemes would be presented with the connection between the harmful substance and its damaging effects on people’s health. Moreover, visitors of the site would be invited to watch several short videos with a total duration of 20 minutes. Heroes of the videos would tell the stories of 20 black residents of “Cancer Alley ” affected by toxic emissions. It would also be possible to attract the reader to help solve this problem by greening the space of this community. They would be asked to purchase a tree and watch it being planted in real-time. Thus, the media object would convey to the site visitor that environmental pollution adversely affects communities of color. Justificati
Since the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990’s, the United States’ economic clout has been rising in an unprecedented rate, remaining virtually unchallenged till the late stages of the 21 st century’s first decade. The US’s financial system by virtual of its sophistication and size is the engine of the world economic system, a fact that was evident in the 2008 financial crisis and the subsequent recession that rippled through the world economic system. In the wake of the crisis, the new administration of President Barrack Obama took over and continued economic resuscitation efforts started by former President Bush. Among the many initiatives undertaken by the current administration was the introduction of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) that President Obama signed to law in 2009. The stimulus package as it was popularly referred to was, mainly intended to stimulate the American economy through both individual and corporate tax breaks, advancement of employment benefits through expansion of the social welfare program and increased domestic spending mainly in infrastructure, energy, environment and research. Since the enactment of the act, a lot has taken place economically and different economic experts differ whether or not the act achieved its targets. To arrive at a comprehensive conclusion with the above assertion in mind, it is important to examine closely the main objectives as they were outlined by President Obama and fellow Democrats when selling the idea to the public. One of the objectives of the ARRA was to stop the recession through creation of jobs and to spur investment, effectively increasing output. Simple economics say that increased output can only be measured through overall gross domestic product growth. Most of the arguments for or against the ARRA have been partisan, based on party lines. Regardless of what one feels about ARRA, there is one aspect of the whole picture that we cannot clearly point out. Had the country taken a different path from that of ARRA, what could have been the result? The lack of counterfactual information deprives the clean bill of health that a supporter of ARRA would give it (Page, 2011, p. 81). Nevertheless, an objective independent minded economic analyst will agree that ARRA’s net effect has been positive when measured against the common parameters that are used to gauge economic growth. Before delving further on what has changed since its ARRA’s passage, it is important to note that there is a big possibility that the economists advising the president prior to the drafting of the ARRA bill grossly underestimated the economic conditions during the financial crisis. In fact, there is consensus that the general economic outlook was far worse than initially thought. This perhaps explains the reason why there was a spike in unemployment and economic contraction in the aftermath of ARRA’s passage. Success There have been numerous reports and studies since ARRA was enacted. They include those from government, the congressional budget office and other independent insti
Modern Implications of Health Care Leadership In modern high-tech healthcare, human resources have a heterogeneous structure. They cover a wide range of specialists ‑ doctors, medical workers (nurses, midwives, rehabilitologists, laboratory assistants, etc.), psychologists, social workers, programmers, lawyers, teachers, economists, etc. To achieve effective human resources management when working with personnel in the health care organization, leaders and managers must implement a broad team approach. If the members of a team join forces and focus on expressing their real potential, minimizing shortcomings, the team’s goals will be successfully achieved. The consolidation and integrity of individual team members are key to the success of the organization. Often medical organizations with fewer employees achieve better results than those with a large number of medical specialists. The experts developed guidelines for organizing teamwork in the healthcare sector. They focus on the fact that strong leadership can help solve problems in the process of reforming national health systems. It is noted that it is important to involve all interacting entities and subjects in the work to ensure the necessary integration. According to the above recommendations, successful leadership in the process of improving healthcare combines three sets of skills (Fitzgerald et al. 227-239):   * “Specific knowledge” (service-specific knowledge) ‑ an understanding of how clinical services work and what is required to provide high-quality services;   * “Improvement knowhow” ‑ improvement skills in the health sector, covering techniques adapted from the industry, such as lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, TQM, etc., as well as clinical methods such as clinical audits and studies;   * “Change management skills” ‑ skills that include conflict resolution, building support coalitions, overcoming resistance to change, transmitting the vision to staff, patients, the public, and stakeholders. It may be noted that the assessment of effectiveness from the point of view of various interacting entities is significantly different (it is about budget, social, medical effectiveness, etc.). Bearing in mind the activity and nature of managerial work and the functions of a leader, as well as the variety of personal qualities that a manager should have, such as, for example, insight, ambitiousness, self-confidence, communication skills, responsiveness, adaptability, it becomes clear that this should to be a kind of an ideal person, combining all these qualities. That is why it is necessary to form an effective management team, demonstrating good leadership skills, which will become a tool for the guaranteed success of a medical organization. Nevertheless, the obs
Introduction Prior to developing a policy brief meant for reduction of irregular migrant labor in Switzerland for the period between 2012 and 2017, it is important to understand who irregular migrant workers are and the rationale behind the exercise. An irregular migrant worker is a migrant worker who enters a country illicitly, and those who have entered legally engage in employment without authorization (Allasino et al 2001). There are many reasons why irregular migrant labor should be reduced or prevented. To begin with, the policy ensures that migration is effectively managed, and reliability of official immigration policies is maintained. Since it is not easy to get public support for lawful immigration policies, there is a need for measures to be taken to handle irregular migration (Boswell 2003). The policy will also ensure that adequate salary levels and working conditions are maintained for national workers and legal migrant workers. This is because the existence of irregular migrants in a country’s economy can lower wages and working conditions, especially in low-skilled sectors of that economy (Brettell and Hollifield 2000). A policy brief for reducing irregular migrant labor in Switzerland, will evade the creation of whole employment sectors and enterprises that mainly rely on irregular migrant labor. It will also thwart misuse of irregular migrants by employers, employment mediators or agents, smugglers and traffickers (DeBardeleben and Hurrelmann 2011). This is because there is enough evidence to show that irregular migrants are mistreated; they receive lower salaries than their legal counterparts. In addition, if they are laid off, illegal migrants are not in a position to receive money owed from their employers, and are rarely included in social security laws (Castles and Miller 2009). This policy brief will examine measures that must be put in order to reduce illegal migrant labor in Switzerland. Policies/measures to be taken There is a necessity for a holistic strategy in addressing the problem of illegal labor migration in Switzerland. The measures to be taken should be governed by four principles. To begin with, an isolationist approach should not be used as it is bound to fail. Secondly, the measures employed should be comprehensive and complementary. In addition, control or restrictive measures are not adequate (Gedde 2008). Measures should encourage dialogue, cooperation, and partnerships in countries affected by the problem. A cross-sectoral approach is useful; the following are measures that should be taken in order to reduce illegal migrant labor in Switzerland: Border controls and visa policy In an effort, to come up with measures of preventing or reducing irregular migrant labor, the most common recommendations are those that rel