ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Diversity rates are an essential indicator of the relationships between the members of the society, as well as the existence of ethnicity or race related stereotypes. It is crucial that the voice of every single member of the society should be heard, which is hardly possible once certain community is underrepresented in the society, be it a specific ethnicity, nationality, or gender. While introducing more diversity into a specific society, where a certain minority experiences considerable difficulties in becoming the members of a community is hardly possible, facilitating the environment, in which this minority can feel appreciated is quite practicable. Though the research of the data regarding the Mercer County diversity concerns mostly its education establishments, particularly, local schools, the information obtained in the course of the research gives a lot of food for thoughts. As the data acquired from ZIPskinny shows, Black and Asian people are underrepresented in the community considerably, Athens (one of Mercer’s biggest communities) having only 3.5% and 1.4% of the aforementioned ethnicities in the community correspondingly ( The skinny on: 24712 (Athens WV) , 2000). The rates of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, as well as the Native American one, are close to 0% in most of the county’s communities ( Communities in West Virginia , 2000). These rather surprising results indicate that the members of the county might have tangible communication problems in case of conversing with the representatives of other cultures. The ethnicity and culture related issues are not the only problems that the Mercer community should pay special attention to. According to the U.S. Census Bureau map, the area of Mercer incorporates two minor civil divisions, Princeton in the center of the county and Bluefield in the northwest ( Mercer County, WV – economic places , 2007). The size of the areas shows clearly that the people inhabiting it are the county minority and, therefore, need to be represented properly, as well as have an opportunity to engage into the county’s social life and have their say in the decisions on major changes in the infrastructure of the county, the education related changes, political issues, etc. Other sources point at the fact that Mercer County is not as much preoccupied with its diversity issues, as it is concerned with the education opportunities for students in general. According to the recent report, the MCCC (Mercer County Community College) teaching staff members have recently “emphasized t
Educating the whole child means making sure they develop in every aspect of intelligence and are healthy in both mind and body. As such, it is necessary to apply appropriately different strategies to children of various ages and backgrounds to ensure their development. Furthermore, it is vital to understand how children learn and how to promote positive qualities when teaching them. This paper aims to discuss the meaning of educating the whole child. Areas of Child Development There are four primary areas of child development: cognitive, social-emotional, language, and physical. As implied by the name, whole-child education is concerned with all four. Each category is equally important, and an educator should encourage them to grow simultaneously. However, these areas tend to develop at different speeds, and caution is necessary to avoid pressuring the child. Children develop best when they have secure relationships, and so a teacher must strive to establish one with their students. Cognitive development primarily occurs through the accumulation of knowledge, and so effective methods of imparting information are vital. It is not enough to have the child read a book on a given subject; to retain knowledge, they should discuss the topic and experience it if possible. Furthermore, the children should formulate their ideas about things instead of being taught rigid thought constructs. They should be free to assimilate and accommodate information into their schemas, but it is beneficial to encourage optimal development by keeping them in a state of disequilibrium so that they are more open to new ideas. A child’s social-emotional development is heavily dependent on their background and environment. An educator must account for the student’s various diversity factors such as capabilities and disabilities, age, gender, race, religion, and others. The goal is to create a productive, positive environment for the child that encourages the development of desirable traits, the foremost of which are autonomy, openness, problem-solving, and integrity. These four qualities are essential to a healthy child and have been declared as the SFAs program goals. A child develops language by imitating others and holding conversations, particularly on new topics. As such, they should improve the ability naturally while other education is ongoing. The development should not be rushed, as most children learn speech at a fixed rate, but an educator must lookout for possible language or speech disorders. To develop more complex language skills, children should be encouraged to converse on various topics regularly. Lastly, physical development happens through growth and increased control of motor skills. To properly grow, a child should be supplied with proper nutrition without consuming too many sweets or sn
Introduction The enlightenment period also popularly referred to as the age of reason denotes an explosive era in human history stretching from around the year 1600 to the year 1800; a period in which the West experienced great contributions and changes in its history. This period barely stretched over duration of two centuries, yet within such a brief period, what is now referred to as the modern era was inaugurated. Theological considerations that had previously dominated the intellectual of Western civilization between Augustine and the Reformation were radically and permanently disrupted by the enlightenment, giving rise to a completely new course for scientific thought and action. In the course of the enlightenment, people were able to break away from medieval mentality by adapting a completely new understanding of the human being. During this era, humans replaced God on the historical arena and human reason replaced divine revelation as a more reliable path in seeking the truth. A philosophical revolution that had begun with Rene Descartes, John Locke and other philosophers between 1596 and 1650, brought together enlightenment scientists, theologians and philosophers alike, in a combined effort to devise systems that would approximate or lead to the truth. During this age of reason, the church lost its earlier dominance in Western culture as enlightenment thinkers sought for better and more sensible foundations that would replace traditional authority and religious belief as the bases for political order and social morality (Grenz 60-63, p. 70). Jean-Jacques Rousseau One of the most famous enlightenment philosophers who made tremendous contribution to society during this period is Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 -1778). Rousseau is famed for making popular contributions to political and social theory through a famous essay, The Social Contract , which he wrote in 1762, and in which he addressed fundamental questions of political legitimacy and social justice. Other famous works of his are The New Heloise novel written in 1761, Emile , an educational theory book in 1762, and an extraordinarily influential and very original autobiography, The Confessions (1764-1770) among other works touching on music, language, botany
I. Innovation is a necessary element for the sustainability of technology-based organizations. Innovation however, is believed to be an ongoing process. The five main challenges of innovation faced by organizations are generation of ideas, the environment, protecting the idea, execution of the idea to create a substantial outcome, and persuasion, or changing the image of the product among the potential buyers. Generation of new ideas is the most essential part of sustaining innovation within organizations. When there are no new ideas, there can hardly be innovation. However, here idea does not just imply a thought striking a simpleton. Rather, it is the solution to a problem; a problem that the organization strives to solve. In case of Samsung, it is observed that Jong Yong Yun as the new CEO changed many of the operations of the company. Earlier, Samsung was primarily a company that aped the technology of more successful companies like Sony or Mitsubishi and created their own products. These products were deliberately priced low in order to cater to customers who, due to lower budget, would end up purchasing their products. However, once Yun took over the company, he realized that the best possible way to make the company stop from making loses is to turn its innovation strategy. Earlier, Samsung did not innovate. Rather it aped technology and design of premiere brands. He pushed the company to develop its own products. He stressed on innovating new products rather than replicating products of Sony or other companies. The stress on innovation and generation of new ideas for the sake of development of new and futuristic products that are called the “wow products” became the insignia for the new strategy that Yun had for the company. The stress on product development was shifted from aping of established technology to development of attractive designs and advanced technology. Two strategies that were adopted by Samsung in order to help in idea generation are –  1. Samsung shifted its focus from aping the products of higher end, premiere brands like Sony, and concentrated in generation of new products, especially those with advanced technology and innovative designs.  2. Yun hired young and fresh engineers and managers in order to change the orientation of t
Several stakeholders in the community can be involved in the control and management of childhood obesity. Some of the key personalities proposed by the writer include healthcare professionals, education officials across the board, parents, and guardians. These stakeholders are in a position to devise intervention measures that can solve the challenges posed by childhood obesity. This essay seeks to incorporate theory into the issue of childhood obesity. Lev Vygotsky extensively explores the sociocultural theory. From the key elements of this theory, the challenges posed by childhood obesity can indeed be expounded and addressed (Ball & Crawford, 2008). For instance, this theory attempts to highlight the dynamic nature of society from a psychological point of view. It is crucial to mention that society can make vital moves and advances and consequently influence various social issues. Society can significantly influence its members at the individual level. Hence, socio-cultural theory correlates the dynamic nature of society and the social way of life. This theory may also be used to offer myriads of solutions to problems facing society. The individual lifestyle of people and the impacts of their behaviors can equally be demonstrated using the socio-cultural theory. One of the social issues that the theory can explore is obesity. The nature of our modern social culture or lifestyle is the major impetus towards obesity. The latter is a lifestyle complication that the same society can reverse by embracing both a healthy diet and regular physical exercise. In particular, childhood obesity is a growing problem that can be best addressed by the socio-cultural theory. Besides, the theory can offer ways to adopt a healthy diet. It is possible to use the ideals of this theory to convince society of the need to change lifestyle for better living. The proximal development zone is a crucial terminology in socio-cultural theory. This zone is used to assess two different development gaps when seeking solutions to problems facing society. In reality, there is an actual development level based on the prevailing challenges that society can set. The purpose of such a development platform is to offer a reliable and independent method for solving emerging challenges. The other level is referred to as potential development. This level gives estimates or rough guidelines on measures that can be taken to resolve challenges affect
Photography plays an essential role in human history since it captures moments that can be revisited in the future. As a result, photographers aim at taking pictures that resonate with specific moments to tell a story. Therefore, a picture can form part of art through the idealizations to the audience. Arbus showcased her work in 1972 with one hundred and twelve photos at the Museum of Modern Art (Sontag 32). Her depictions in the photographs showcase the problems that human beings face. Thus, the photos do not intend to provoke compassion but rather portray predicaments of individuals through their general outlook. According to Sontag, Arbus’s photographs concentrate on portraying victims in their original environment. In all of her photographs, the subjects appear to be ugly, wearing grotesque clothing, and unpleasing to the eye. When compared to Steichen’s work, his photos show a lack of human differences and conflicts due to the showcase of subjects at their best. On the other hand, Arbus portrays a world devoid of happiness and full of hopelessness by showing people at their worst (Sontag 33). While Arbus’s photos display an honest view of the subjects, they do not elicit feelings of compassion. Consequently, the photographs prove the existence of a different world with people having no privileges undergoing significant challenges. The subjects in the photographs were from such areas as New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland in the United States (Sontag 34). Arbus dedicated her life to photography to collect the most painful images of humanity. Her pursuit of pain is majorly directed towards increasing awareness to people in society living unaffected by the issues of others. Therefore, in the long run, more people understood the consequences of inequality and the problems that others face daily. Apart from that, Arbus’s photographs further show attention to the subject matter based on the calm composure they present. The people posed correctly showing the amount of time taken by Arbus to reassure them of their role and purpose (Sontag 38). Furthermore, the subjects are also unaware of their ugliness as portrayed in the photographs. Additionally, they also show a majority of the subjects facing straight into the camera. This adds to the scene created by Arbus making them look more deranged. In contrast, most people would not agree to freely expose themselves on camera; thus, such poses show how cooperative the subjects were during the shoots (Sontag 37). This means that the photographer had to befriend them to encourage them to participate in the process, while following the instructions provided. Throughout her life, Arbus stuck with her theme and her unfortunate death brought more attention to her photographs by showing the implications of such devastating work. It also pointed to the truth behind her choice of photographs, showing the problems of others that may not have been visible to the rest of the world. Sontag’s analysis
As we know, writers cannot ignore the rules about plagiarism since it results in copyright violation. Such requirements are imposed on any academic writing: journal articles, research papers, and school assignments. Thus, when using someone’s ideas for inspiration, they should always be paraphrased and cited. However, people who ignore these rules can be punished with reputation and work loss, as happened to Jonah Lehrer, who worked at New Yorker Monday. In his book Imagine: How Creativity Works , the writer used Bob Dylan’s quotes and presented them as his own. To begin with, if a writer uses someone’s quote or concept, it is vital to credit them, and most significantly, cite their work. However, Jonah Lehrer had expected to escape the adverse outcomes of his actions. It is clear that he could have interpreted Bob Dylan’s quote to his understanding and given credit for using his materials in the book Imagine: How Creativity Works . Furthermore, I agree that his actions cannot be justified, and it was right of New Yorker Monday to fire him since he posed a danger not only to his reputation but also to the company. I believe that plagiarism of someone’s ideas should be strictly punished, and no one should have an opportunity to escape its consequences. Moreover, a writer’s effort put into one’s work should be valued and respected by others since one had spent time creating his piece and has full credit for one’s ideas. Though sometimes people opt for such actions to earn money more efficiently, it is not fair to publish someone’s quotes as theirs. Thus, I reckon that Jonah Lehrer’s punishment was suitable, and he deserved it for neglecting plagiarism rules. As a result, it might give other writers a lesson that they should never violate fundamental copyright concepts.
Prior to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001, American law enforcement agencies regarded the issue of terrorism with little apprehension 1 . After the terrorist attacks of 2001 on the United States’ soil, networks of groups with extreme ideologies regarding Islam were uncovered across Europe and America. Although these groups had existed even before the day of the attack, their operations had remained unnoticed and the threat they posed overlooked. These groups, known as salafist takfiri terrorists groups, disregard conventional Islamic beliefs, and endorse extreme violence against non-believers. The organization and funding of the September 11 attacks was linked to the salafist takfiri terrorist cells. The need to establish strict counter-terrorism measures even at the local level came into focus when the World Trade Center and the United States postal system were attacked with hijacked airliners and anthrax biological weapon respectively. Due to the indiscrete nature of the salafist takfiri terrorist networks, the cooperation of various government agencies was required to provide a solution. The legislature, under enormous pressure from the public, endorsed the proposed forms of reprisal against the attackers by the government. Considering that the law restricts the jurisdiction of various security agencies to a particular field, coordinating the activities of the law enforcement agencies presented a complex problem. The stipulated code of conduct for officers from different agencies limits the scope of their duties. In addition, the constitution of the United States does not allow the federal government to control the local security agencies. This makes it difficult for federal government to use the services of the local agencies at will in countering terrorism. Another legal issue arising after the 9/11 attack was how to respond to such terrorist attacks while maintaining a justifiable legal explanation. The absence of an international law defining the possible responses to this kind of aggression allowed the federal government to interpret the act of terrorism as war. Governments should employ solutions that are acceptable to the international community when dealing with their peoples’ protection 2 . The act of waging a war on terrorists legitimizes and may even justify acts of terrorism in reprisal. This radical interpretation of the international law may enhance terrorism rather than mitigating it. If the salafist takfiri terrorists are treated as common criminals and subjected to the usual criminal law, their profile and moral justification is likely to diminish. After the 2001 terrorist attacks, the American government resulted into detaining suspected terrorists in camps without trial. Although being suspected of having an affiliation to terrorists is a serious allegation, it does not warrant detention without trial. Detaining suspected terrorists in special camps amounted to treating them as prisoners of war 3 . Many people including legal experts viewed this approach as unconstitutional and a breach o
Whenever the phrase “happily ever after” is mentioned, people tend to think of love stories where a girl meets a prince charming, fall in love at the first sight, and live to enjoy the rest of their lives. However, my “happily ever after” moment came when I accidentally stumbled upon a book titled The Secret by Rhonda Byrne. I was specifically attracted to the book due to its short and simple title and with curiosity nudging me, I picked it up and opened the first page. However, after skimming through the preface and the back cover, I was somehow disappointed because it appeared the book was just another version of the many overrated self-help scripts flooding the market. I almost put it back to the shelf, but a small still voice from within told me not to dismiss the book based on my superficial judgments. Therefore, I started going through the book and I could not keep it down for four straight hours. In the book, I found gems of wisdom and practical guides
The promotion of a healthy and active lifestyle among children is an issue that communities and healthcare providers of the twenty-first century have been encountering frequently. Children’s BMI and the time they spend outdoors have changed dramatically. As found by Ansari, Pettit, and Gershoff (2015), children play outdoors (at school) around thirty-fice minutes per day; the more they played outdoors, the more their BMI decreased and the less likely they were to become obese. The efforts of just one entity are not enough to make a real change, as time has proven; rather, change can be accomplished through a coordinated effort to involve stakeholders, such as schools or urban design agencies, who can facilitate the improvement of the issue through education, nutritional strategies, and the upgrading of neighborhood infrastructure. In this way, promoting a healthy lifestyle among rising generations through improving community infrastructure can contribute to solving the problem of poor childhood health. The prevention of obesity and other health problems associated with unhealthy lifestyles in children is high on the agenda not only for healthcare but also for community establishments such as schools. According to the report “Make a Difference at Your School” prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), obesity has been increasing rapidly, affecting all segments of the population regardless of age, gender, ethnic background, or level of household income. Obesity has also been reported to promote the development of other health problems such as pediatric and type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and several types of cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Researchers have also linked the replacement of physical activities in schools with academic activities to poor health outcomes for the rising generation (Hills, Dengel, & Lubans, 2015). As children are encouraged more and more to focus on their studies and pay less attention to the physical aspect of their development, their health deteriorates, leading to such issues as diabetes, obesity, and other complications. It is the duty of parents, teachers, community stakeholders, and healthcare professionals not only to recognize the persistence of obesity as a healthcare threat but also to find possibilities for its elimination. After all, the poor health of children shows that the communities where they live do not pay enough attention to promoting active lifestyles among their growing population. One major solution to the problem of unhealthy children relies on schools encouraging students in becoming invested in their own lifestyle choices. Therefore, the lack of community resources and infrastructure enhancement is a problem th