ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Print making is a process of making art works by printing, mainly on paper. Print making entails the use of originality in the creation of prints as opposed to the reproduction of a painting using photographic means. With print making, one can utilize a single piece of artwork to reproduce several copies. With print making, the ensuing products are unique in terms of quality. Print images communicate more details of an idea and evoke immediate and sustained reactions from different people. Words are quite powerful but use of words alone may not bring out the true picture of the message that an individual may want to communicate. A combination of the print media and words help give an accurate picture of an event that took place. Francisco Goya was a Spanish who used print making to communicate deeply using images. He produced printings that criticized political and social events in France during the French Revolution. His techniques were realistic and he produced images containing haunting satire. Honore Daumier is another artist whose works criticize political and social work in France in the nineteenth century. Honore Daumier’s work is widely recognized mainly for his use of caricatures to depict known political figures globally. In addition, he is also known to use satire to emphasize on the behaviors that characterizes his countrymen. Jean-Louise Laneuville is yet another artist who was instrumental in enhancing the quality of print making in the wake of the French revolution. This is evidenced by the various warning and convincing images that he produced at the time. Accordingly, there is the need to examine the role played by print making during the French revolution. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to explore some of the artworks produced by various artists during this historical period. The artistic work of Francisco Goya Goyas composition embodies radicalism and modernity by bringing into scope the anonymity of the device used for execution. He only shows the barrel of the gun. At the center stands the defenseless convicted man. This is also characteristic in his composition of the Third May 1808. Trying to show the reality of war, Goya shows how men can turn into beasts. Goyas prints were developed from personal experience by eye witnessing as in the case where he had to travel to Saragossa to record accounts of the war. In Spain underground fighters teamed up in a retaliatory attack against the French. Goya s prints show the French troops and the Spanish troops engaged in a blood shed. The prints of Goya depict traditional war scene. In addition, they help to reveal such underlying vices in the society as rapes, shootings, images of horrifically mutilated individuals, piles of corpses, starvation, and groups of people fleeing in panic. The El Buitre Carnivoro (The Carnivorous Vulture) is another depiction of a masterpiece done by Goya. It features the disasters of war as captured by Francisco
Introduction In the world that we are living in today, full of great technology and lots of innovation in all areas of livelihood, it is almost impossible to miss the face of an advertisement. Statistics show that a regular city dweller is going to be exposed to more than 6,000 different advertisements a day. With all these different kinds of advertisement, while putting up an advert, there are a few critical and must-do steps that have to be considered to attain a quality advert. These will ensure that it will reach your targeted market and still pass the right and intended message. With all these streams of advertisements, we are bound to see the telecommunication industry advertising their services as well. According to Adair (2006), this method of commercial promotion has effectively shown a great increase in sales, through the number of people that use a certain mobile phone service. With whichever method one chooses to use, it should serve the purpose of informing the users and the potential recipients of the availability of the service, effectively increasing the sales margins of the target company. Mobile service providers Mainly when it comes to mobile services, their aim is not only the promotion of the parent company’s name but also a major source of education about their offers to their intended clientele. This goes a long way in convincing potential buyers to subscribe to the services offered, attracting and retaining customers who are already loyal to the network service. Advertising being a powerful media method of marketing has the capability of reaching out to so many people from the urban dwellers to the rural people, giving them all a chance to hear and see the products that are currently available in the market. It equips the user with the new information released in the market, reminding them of the existing offers and also clarifying any uncertain details that they might be unsure of. In any mobile service provider, say for instant Vodafone or Virgin, there is a great reason for having strong and conspicuous brands that speak for its self (Robbins 2004, p.37). Cluster and commercial advertisements The main purpose of an eye-catching brand is that create a powerful and long-lasting emotional connection with the clients and any other viewers. An advertisement is thus the marketing of a brand as a set of elements and assets all in a bowl combined to help fashion an influential image that will not leave the minds of the audience. This unique and memorable trade name is what will distinguish its identity from others, which could be offering the same services. In this regard, the creators of any advertisement have to ensure that they compel visually voiced and written materials that are unmistakable and instantly distinct, so that the defined business plan and the intentions of the marketing plan of the organization will be met (Robbins 2004, p.47). Branding thus acts as the influence and the image that symbolizes the business to the outsiders; sending the message that they want the world to hear. Whatever it is th
A global rental car firm decides to develop a customer retention program and motivate its heavy users to continue being loyal to the company by offering them appropriate incentives. Why is it important to create a marketing research plan for designing the retention program? The main objective of this marketing research plan is to maintain the existing clients of the business. The main reason for the sustainability of the customers is to increase the profitability of the firm as well as to generate a future growing stream of revenue (Kotler & Armstrong, 2005). Moreover, the firm aims to build a reliable relationship with its existing customers in order to provide products that suit their needs. What type of information does the company to design the retention program? The marketing department will gather information on the product attraction, the customers purchasing behavior as well as the suitable promotional techniques that can be applied. Where will this information be obtained? The marketing department will conduct primary research and gather data from the existing customers who are purchasing the company products. The marketing department will further get information from surveys that they will conduct via the e-mails, mail questionnaires or through the mobile applications such as text messages. The information will then be stored in the data base for further analysis (Wenzel, 2012).
Problem Statement and Purpose From 1892 to 1969, Canada forced many Aboriginal children to join public funded schools under the administration of churches like the Anglican Church and Roman Catholic Church. During this period, these children experienced both physical and sexual abuse besides the forced separation from the family and society. This abuse left scars that have seen transmission across generations. To fill this gap, many writers have come up with indigenous literature that focuses on decolonizing the minds of the Aboriginals. Indigenous literature seeks to construct positive identities for people, families and societies as well as repossess economic, political, cultural and social independence. It is for this reason that most literature by non-native indigenous writers focuses on forgetting the past and obliterating narratives of colonization (Justice 335). On the other hand, most indigenous writings by natives consist of narratives of dispossession, loss of land as well as language and identity. Thus, while both native and non-native indigenous writers aim at reducing the impacts of colonialism, they use different approaches. Indigenous literature by natives tries to build a common truth that can lead to healing though revisiting negative colonial aspects, while non-native indigenous writers seem to hide negative aspects of colonialism from their work. Background Information Writing in English is a political and therapeutic act that offers the basis for the process of decolonization. Elucidation of indigenous literature in English focuses on the theme of communism. According to Episkenew, literature is communist as far as it has a positive commitment to the native society (12). To encourage communalist values means to take part in the healing of the pain and sense of isolation felt by native societies, especially in communities that have often been broken and made dysfunctional by the results of over 500 years of colonialism. That is to say, indigenous literature is communal since it attempts to heal psychological wounds caused among the natives in the process of colonization, and the main goal of communalism is to heal native communities by reconnecting native people to the larger society (Mosionier and Suzack 5). The practice of writing in English is revolutionary in nature, as it seeks to recover indigenous societies th
Unions reduce wage inequality, increase industrial democracy and often raise productivity. Unions define, promote and fight for the collective interests and rights of workers or group of workers, especially in relation to employers. Unions have been formed so as to have a strong bargaining with employers and when they have a common voice to represent their interests. Collective bargaining and training provision In Canada Unions play a great role in companies. Their involvement in matters affecting employees (their members) is of paramount importance to the Canadian companies. Unions being a body representing employees involve themselves where there is a stand off between the employees and employers (Companies). Being a body representing the employees, unions involve themselves in collective bargaining on behalf of their members. Collective bargaining agreements being a result of negotiated settlement between union and employer have considerable input to both workers and companies. These agreements afford a considerable support for workers to be provided better terms of working which in turn motivates them to work hard I realizing the goals and objectives of the organization. Further collective bargaining agreement as carried out by unions play an important role in ensuring stability of companies. Their negotiations create stability to companies by entering negations with employees whenever a stand off occurs. This reduces the possibility of strikes which might affect the organization in one way or the other. Addre
Introduction The Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act (MCCA) was a bill that was enacted into law in 1988 to mitigate the weaknesses of the health care system. It was aimed at expanding catastrophic coverage for the beneficiaries of Medicare. The bill was expected to introduce significant changes that would transform the American health care system. However, it did not achieve this goal as it was repealed within a period of less than two years after its enactment. Why Was the MCCA Passed? As mentioned earlier, the MCCA was passed in order to improve the Medicare program and offer more services to its beneficiaries. The bill’s major goal was to address the problem of affordable insurance for people who were in danger of financial ruin in case they suffered a tragic illness (Nickitas, Middaugh, & Aries, 2016). It was passed in order to enhance acute care benefits for the elderly and the physically challenged, cap the beneficiaries’ costs of care, and introduce outpatient drug benefits (Novak, 2015). Moreover, it was designed to limit member copayments for covered services under the program (Stein & Chiplin, 2017). The bill was to be phased in the program progressively in a span of five years (between 1989 and 1993) in order to avoid causing hardships for poor enrollees. Why Was the MCCA Repealed? The MCCA was the first legislation to expand Medicare benefits in a meaningful way for enrollees since the inception of the program in 1966. The bill was passed easily as it was deemed a departure from previous methods of financing social insurance that were considered ineffective (Nickitas et al., 2016). However, it was repealed a year later by the House and Senate. The widespread criticism that the bill received from members of the public led to its annulment (Novak, 2015). Moreover, it could not be implemented successfully because its implications for the health care system were misunderstood. The MCCA imposed new costs that would affect the elderly, even though they were supposed to be the major beneficiaries (Allender, Rector, &Warner, 2014). The bill’s opponents argued that they were happy with their existing coverage. Therefore, they were unwilling to pay new taxes in order to facilitate the implementation of the MCCA. The legislation taxed wealthy Americans over the age of 65 years and raised Medicare premiums (Allender et al., 2014). The Lessons Learned with the MCCA The repealing of the MCCA highlighted major policy lessons that legislators should consider before passing new laws. First, it is inappropriate to pass a bill that charges varied premiums for different people in the same group and offers benefits to only a few individuals. The supplemental premium was the most controversial aspect of the MCCA (Novak, 2015). Second, a departure from regular means of insu
The Confucian idea of self offers a unique opportunity to view a person from three different perspectives, i.e., as an individual, as an integral part of the society and as a non-self, i.e., as a complete absence of self (Tsai, 2001). In his article, Self-Cultivation: Culturally sensitive psychotherapies in Confucian societies , Kwang-Huo Hwang explores the opportunities that the teaching about the relational self opens for psychology, what questions it helps to answer and what problems it can possibly solve. Speaking of Hwang’s paper, one must mention that the research offers a detailed analysis of the components of the Confucian idea of self, i.e., the relational self, the authentic self, and the non-self. Hwang analyzes the three elements to consider the ways in which self-cultivation in the context of the Asian culture differs from the process of self-cultivation in European countries. Since, according to Hwang, the relationships between the society and an individual are especially significant in the Asian countries, the aspect of relational self is discussed especially thoroughly in the article. As for the research result, it is necessary to mention that Hwang proves that the idea of self-cultivation can help psychologists develop a reasonable approach towards the problems concerning people’s social interactions: “In terms of therapy, this teaching role may be partially undertaken by a clinician. In addition, the students, or in this case the clients, should actually try and live their lives according to these principles rather than solely gaining a cognitive understanding of them” (Hwang, 2009, 1027). Considering the ideas that Hwang offers from the perspective of relational self, one must admit that
Egypt is one of few countries that managed to maintain the ancient geographical boundaries throughout its history. Meanwhile, geography is mainly responsible for the cultural heritage and history of the region. Situated between the Asian and European continent, Ancient Egypt was a transition point through which ideas, concepts, customs were traveling along with goods. Hence, the location significantly contributed to the cultural diversity and socio-economic development of the country. The environment and climate indeed determined the vector along which ancient Egypt developed. Interestingly, the country was formed on the site of a dried-up ocean, which existed there for millions of years and, having disappeared, left a lot of fossils in the soil. Researchers think that the findings of the remains of ancient sea creatures strongly influenced the mythological thinking of the Egyptians, stirring up their imaginations (Ikram 2). Besides, the country was surrounded by several oases that were used for agricultural purposes. Thus, despite the proximity to the desert, natural resources have created favorable conditions for Egypt. The Nile undoubtedly deserves separate consideration as the main factor that influenced the formation of the ancient Egyptian civilization. The climate affected the configuration Nile that gave much more moisture and noble soil back in the times than now. Rich in minerals, fertile soil yielded a decent harvest every year, stimulating trade and economic prosperity in Egypt. Moreover, the silt saturating the Nile was widely used in pottery, ceramics, and construction (Ikram 7). Moreover, papyrus is, among other things, a unique resource with which ancient Egypt is associated with many. Its intensive growth is also due mainly to the characteristics of the river, soil, and climate. As a result, the presence of so much papyrus served to create the prosperity of writing in ancient Egypt (Ikram 9). Thus, the Nile set the pace for art, architecture, and creative activity, pumping the craft skills of the Egyptians and creating a unique image of their civilization. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Nile also played an essential role in the formation of the theological and iconographic perspective of ancient Egypt. The river, without exaggeration, gave the Egyptians life and a means of subsistence, helped to enrich their country economically and culturally. The ancient Egyptians, of course, saw in this the divine essence of the Nile and provided it with a sacred meaning. Indeed, flooding every year, the Nile renewed the soil making it more fertile, thus symbolizing rebirth. As a result, the calendar and the report of the seasons were compiled according to the river’s flood; the river also gave a sense of direction to the inhabitants. Hence, unlike that of most other peoples, the Egyptians’ worldview was oriented not to the north, but the south, towards the sources of the river (Ikram 8). Thus, the country’s main river occupies a central place in the peculiarities of the culture and development of Egypt. Ancient Egypt, being one and the cradle of civilization, owes much to its favorable environment and land
In his speech, Adolf Hitler makes it very clear that it is not sufficient to develop only art. The type of art has to offer a theme that creates a transformation in the society 1 . Hitler asks artists to conform to what his outlook on art is since it is his belief that he has an absolute right basing on his significant participation in restoring German art. He gives a reason that the present Germany is a result of the efforts of himself and partners in the nation’s struggle which offered art in Germany fresh incentives as well as environment for a better and prosperous development. The Bolshevik art collectors and other literary accomplices played a role in art. However, they should not be credited for laying a base for fresh artistry or further development apparent in Germany. Those were statements made by Hitler.He asserts that him and his friends should be credited with developing the nation and have gone ahead to give large amounts of money as incentives for the development of art. Hitler makes an undertaking to completely change the way art is viewed in Germany. He vows to alter phrases commonly known in Germany’s art that cannot be understood and are acceptable by only big elucidations for their utility. He says that such art will never be imposed on the people of Germany. Hitler asserts that more interest has to be on the artist’s ability rather than an artist’s presumed intention. Any artist who wishes to have his art exhibited in German museums has to show ability. Intention is a thing which is automatically evident. He claims that some artists have attempted to develop a more palatable form of art by portraying them as manifestations of a fresh age. However, it is Hitler’s concern that it is not art which develops a fresher age. Nonetheless, it is the general life of individuals which develops itself afresh and hence regularly attempts to portray itself in a new way. Hitler also does not support the view that art which was exhibited many years ago should still be exhibited in the new age. His reason is that it is improper for art to go way back from the stage of development that the society already finds itself in. Art has to be used as a symbol of the importance of development already reached in life. Hitler’s ideas are that art has to begin incorpora
Introduction The Book of Joshua is a historical book which reflects the walk of the Israelites from the wilderness to the promised land of Canaan. This book reflects the vents that took place when the Israelites were in the wilderness as they approached the land of Canaan. Essentially, this book reflects the impact of sin which was caused by one person and had an impact on the entire Israel family. In brief, the sin of one of the Israelites by the name of Achan led to a defeat of the Israelites by the men of Ai. This was a great concern to the Israelites owing to the fact that the Israelites expect to beat the men of Ai with great ease. As a result, Joshua sought God’s intervention through prayer and the Lord revealed the reason why he had faced such a humiliating defeat to him. Eventually, the Lord explained him everything and Joshua put into perspective the sin that had affected the Israelites. The literary devices This extract from scripture is marked by series of literary features which the writer uses to deliver or convey his concerns to the people of Israel. In this case, it is Joshua. This fragment of scripture begins with the reminder of the fact that the sons of Israel had violated, that’s why they became cursed. Through this, the writer uses some literary features which give a lot of insights into what he wishes to convey. First, it is quite evident that the writer captures the mind of the reader through his ability to bring out the dialogue. Dialogue is a literary feature which captures the communication between persons with the intention of bringing out a given idea or meaning. Essentially, writers use this approach when their goal is to throw light upon a character of the persons in the literature to interest the readers. As a consequence of this feature, Joshua is depicted as a man who seeks purity and firm in matters of principle. This is the most evident when he is told of the cause of the defeat which is a result of sin that has been committed by one of the Israelites. He quickly embarks of finding out who the culprit is and that person is killed eventually. This is a classic example which confirms of his authority and astute behavior when it comes to issues of principle. Second, there is conflict in this scripture. Conflict is a struggle between two or more forces or parties which oppose each or one another as a result of sharp differences. These differences might be internal or external which hinder the achievement sometimes or the realization of challenges which are imposed. These struggles might be internal or external depending on the state of affairs which might be prevailing outside the character at a given point in time. These different forces which are antagonistic may be out of customs, values, traditions or even principles. In this case, the conflict arises in this scripture, Joshua 7:1-6, when the Israelites are beaten because