ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Information systems are systems within a business organization that integrate business processes and computing knowledge for processing, storing, and transmission of important information for the decision-making process in the organization. Management information provides information on performance issues and suggests mitigation measures for management action. The smooth flow of information in a business enterprise is essential for the survival of the business. All employees in an organization from low management levels to top management require information for the accomplishment of their errands. Nowadays, the way businesses operate has changed and continues to take a different shape as a result of continuous advance in technology. Most information in various organizations is computerized and a lot of business deals are now executed over the Internet. Advancements in information technology have made the world to shift from the conventional way of doing things. Without proper flow of information in any business enterprise, the operations of the whole enterprise would be jeopardized. However, information systems have greatly evolved and business information systems used nowadays are different from those that were used in 1910. This has had several impacts on accounting function of business enterprises and given the continuous evolution of business information systems the future seems unpredictable. Differences between Ancient and Modern Business Information Systems Business information systems like face-to-face communication, telephones, telegraphs and paper-based record keeping had a limited scope in information storage and processing. The modern business information systems such as ERP, CRM, and SCM have wider scope in information storage and processing (Gómez, Serna & Badenes 2009). The traditional information systems were mainly used in data entry and record keeping, whereas the modern information systems allow for accurate data processing. More information can be processed and stored in a relatively shorter time in the modern systems as compared with the traditional systems. Ancient systems like face-to-face communication and telephone do not provide information for record keeping. This can lead to massive loss of information that is important for decision making in the future, or even for reference purpose. Human beings have a tendency of forgetting things, and thus, important information for the success of a business enterprise is always at stake when it is not stored in a proper manner. On top of that, modern business information systems are more technology oriented unlike the information systems used in the early periods. In order to operate the modern business information systems, an individual must possess relevant skills in the field of information systems. The enterprise personnel must undergo some training to familiarize with the use of the information systems in the company. On the contrary, in the ancient systems either no technical know-how or
Creating screening methods that will be effective in preventing child abuse Screening methods such as home visitations and qualified advice on the child’s health and diet that have recently been introduced into nursing practice have proved to be very effective in preventing child abuse. Professional nurses’ home visitations help alleviate stress and the feeling of not being able to cope experienced by many young parents (Todahl et al., 2021). The opportunity to discuss children’s problems with professional staff lifts the burden off parents’ minds about whether they do enough to give their children a happy childhood. Training medical staff on being effective mandatory reporters Seeing or suspecting cases of child abuse or molestation, nurses should have no qualms about reporting them. Mandatory reporting would result in better parental care for children and improve clinical standards by lifting the burden of doubt in the nurses’ minds. When the reporting is mandatory, it is easy to follow its guidelines which should be carefully elaborated not to be harsh on parents and at the same time offer protection to a child. Creating financial programs that will reduce the burden of child care on parents starting from infancy if the family needs assistance Families with children are often in need of support. Creating financial programs to help parents cope and afford a little more is an excellent factor for normalizing relations within a family. Many family problems stem from parents having to work long hours to provide for their kids. After a long working day, they may be too tired to take proper care of children, which results in misunderstanding and sometimes abuse (Jonson-Reid et al., 2020). Financial support and, in particular, educational programs for parents may allow them to find a better job with shorter hours to spend more time with their family. Creating policies so that stakeholders will invest in the prevention of child abuse So far, the best part of legislation in the child abuse sphere has been punitive. Society needs to find new incentives to make businesses invest in child abuse prevention by providing financial aid to companies active in this sphere. For example, in case the company speaks out against child abuse in its media campaigns, social networks, or advertising, the government could reduce its taxes or give credit on preferential terms (Williams et al., 2021). With the number of such companies growing, people would get the message that child abuse is unacceptable through social media and networks. Thus, they are more likely to change the practices they follow in the family.
Introduction of value proposition This paper aims to analyze the value proposition of India Tobacco Company (ITC) Ltd and compare it with the value of proposition of its competitor, Azadbidi. Overall, such term as value proposition includes such components as quantitative and qualitative benefits that the organization offers to the buyers and the advantages that the company’s products have over others (Andersen, Narus & Rossum, 2006). In other words, the main objective of value proposition is to persuade the customer to purchase goods and services. There are several theories and models that help to examine the value proposition of an enterprise. I would like to take the approach suggested by Nigel Piercy (2001) who argues that value proposition consists of such elements as market mission, competitive differentiation and positioning, and marketing assets (2001, p 437). Furthermore, it will be necessary to adopt the model, formulated by James Anderson James Narus, and Wouter van Rossum (2006). This analysis will help to assess the positioning of these companies in the market and their ability to meet customer’s expectations. Benchmarking Value proposition of the chose company If we apply the model, suggested by Nigel Piercy (2001), we must first pay attention to such issue as competitive differentiation and positioning or how the company tries to make their products superior to those ones of its competitors. First, ITS sets cheaper prices for their cigarettes and manages to meet high quality standards, established in the company. Secondly, they reduce the level of nicotine in their tobacco products in effort to address health concerns of the buyers. Finally, their make their products more available to the customer, people are not forced to purchase cigarettes in packs, they can buy them in number (ITC, 2010, unpaged). The second element of value proposition, according to Piercy is marketing assets and brands . In this case, we need to speak primarily about such brand as Gold Flake. It is known in India and throughout the world for its excellent price-quality ratio. It is famous for the purity of tobacco. Apart from that one should not overlook such intangible assets of ITC as experience, reputation, and public image. This firm operates for almost one hundred years and since that time, it has received numerous awards for excellent performance and responsible corporate behavior (ITC, 2010, unpaged). The market mission of this organization is to retain the status of India’s leading tobacco company that manufactures only high-quality products and increase its market share in foreign markets. This is the impression which the company wants to produce. The model, mapped out by James Anderson, James Narus, and Wouter van Rossum is similar to that one of Nigel Piercy. If focuses on three important criteria: the benefits of the product, favorable points of difference and resonating focus. The first two criteria explain why the produ
Value defines firm beliefs that a group or individuals can hold or practice. The term value partly defines a moral compass by means of which an individual or group in an organization determines what is right. Thus, work value defines workplace standards that influence behavior or choices that persons or organizations can embrace. The holy Quran emphasizes professional work values that can guide formulation of effective human capital policies to meet employees’ needs as well as attain desired work outcomes. Firstly, the holy Quran emphasizes importance of value of work. For starters, God commanded Adam to work. In the same vein, prophet Mohamed encouraged self-reliance through work by emphasizing the joy of eating out of the work of one’s own hands (Ali & Al-Owaihan 2008, p. 11). Moreover, the Quran gives work a spiritual dimension by portraying it as an act of worship. Evidently, employees who are aware of the role that work plays in their relationships with God are best placed to produce desirable work outcomes. Thus, workers are motivated to work for self-reliance as well as worship. Secondly, the Quran emphasizes the value of quality of work at the workplace. Prophet Mohamed wrote that God blessed a person who perfected his work. This encourages a worker who is faithful to God to accomplish more. Perfection here implies going the extra mile to produce the best possible results at the work place. Thus, an employee may feel obligated or duty bound to either pursue a route or take a course of action that can enhance the quality of his or her work output. Such a course of action could include taking up further training to improve on craft or paying close attention to relevant instructions to get work processes right. Thirdly, cooperation constitutes of one the most emphasized components of Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) as defined by the Quran. The Quran concept of “Hadhari” emphasizes high levels of cooperation and consultation (Awan & Akram 2012). Through exchange of knowledge, ideas and thoughts, an employee or group of employees in an organization can improve their performance and productivity. That is why team work spirit is highly emphasized in organizations to encourage employees to work together and share skills, expertise and experiences. Still, cooperation and sharing have a strong relationship with innovation capacity. For this reason, employees are highly encouraged to share their knowledge and experiences in their fields of practice as a means to help their colleagues learn. It’s already acknowledged that innovation comes from what is already known. Thus, organizations that encourage the sharing of experiences and ideas are in a better position to build human capital with broad capacities for invention and innovation. Fourthly, the Quran encourages Muslims to learn from the time of birth to death. This makes it highly valuable for employees to pursue further education o
Introduction The antebellum period is generally considered to be the time between the War of 1812 and the civil war. The period is characterized by a gradual shift towards the Industrial Revolution in the North and thriving of cotton plantations in the South. Moreover, the annexation of new territory and western expansion has made Americans believe that the US government institutions are superior and they should be spread abroad. The sense of superiority of the American upper class has led to strong opposition from the working class and slave rebellions. Therefore, a failure to address the needs of the enslaved and free workers was the central reason for strikes and revolts. Opposition from Slaves Life of a slave in antebellum society was full of deprivations, exploitation, and harsh punishments. Most of the slaves were treated as animals that had to work every day from dusk until dawn disrespectful of their well-being and weather conditions. According to Douglass, the longest days were too short and the shortest nights were too long for his owner (2). When slaves felt ill, weak, and were unable to continue working, their masters would kick them or whip until to almost death (Douglass 1-2). Although some masters treated their slaves fairly, such people as Mr. Covey were proud to be a slave breaker (Douglass 6). Such behavior towards enslaved men and women made the tension grow and provoked many run-aways. Another issue with slavery was sexual abuse of African American women. According to Jacobs, the fact that male slave owners often sexually harassed Negro women had hideous consequences on families (2). First, the abusive behavior of male masters made the female slaves objects of their mistresses’ hate and jealousy (Jacobs 2). Southern women often married men knowing that they were fathers of many young slaves and they had to accept that. Second, such behavior caused trouble in slave families and made both females suffer from sexual abuse and their husbands admit the inability to save their wives from their masters. In short, sexual harassment made the tension grow and often led to revolts and fights between slaves and their owners. Slave auction was one of the most barbaric institutions of the antebellum society that separated families and humiliated all the African Americans. According to Northup, before the auction, all the slaves were washed, fed, and dressed up to dance, sing, and play musical instruments (79). The participants of the auction touched the muscles of the slaves, made the “lots” walk, p
Globalization is an increasingly popular term used by scholars and ordinary teenagers alike. As nations become interdependent, various societies’ cultures, moral codes, and lifestyles mash together, which creates an intricate and peculiar canvas of the modern world. Some perceive this phenomenon as an inevitable disaster, which strips away individuals’ identities. Others agree that globalization is, in fact, highly beneficial, particularly when it comes to prosperity and innovation. Still, it is crucial to acknowledge globalization develops far beyond the limits of good and bad. However, this paper regards globalization in the context of religion, Christianity, in particular. As globalization facilitates the development of relationships not constrained by geographical boundaries and legal borders, the impact such shifts have on cultures is undeniable. Thus, this process contributes to the creation of a world where even the smallest change affects billions, making the world smaller essentially. Therefore, people start searching for something constant in their lives in the ever-expanding and increasingly complex reality of today, which is why they tend to gravitate to space-bounded identities such as religion. The purpose of this essay is to argue that globalization positively affects Christianity by providing followers with various opportunities to spread and strengthen their faith. Before presenting arguments about the interconnection between globalization and Christianity, it is important to clearly define globalization, religion, and other phenomena associated with the process of global expansion. Van Gennip claims that globalization refers to “the interdependence of nations and continents through economic, financial and trade relations, and increasingly, also in the domains of culture, lifestyle and even moral convictions” (21). Globalization slowly yet surely changes the cultural backbone of the world by equipping societies with tools for communication, connection, exchange, and so on. As a result, the modern world functions on the concep
Abstract The article includes a succinct and clear abstract highlighting the study’s background, purpose, methods, findings, and implications for practice. The background explains that perioperative RNs are well equipped to anticipate and address patient safety risks. Its purpose was to identify critical patient safety concerns from the perspective of RNs. The data collection method involved anonymous e-mail surveys of 3,137 RNs. The study found ten critical patient safety concerns that have implications for RN training and resource allocation. Introduction The research problem is clearly stated in the introduction. Statistics on the prevalence (30%) of adverse events in perioperative care settings and RNs’ role in managing patient safety concerns are utilized to form a cogent argument for the study. The problem is significant to nursing education and investment in perioperative care to improve patient safety outcomes. The justification for the study is that although RNs are accountable for patient safety in perioperative care, their high-priority safety issues are unknown. There are no hypotheses stated, but a study objective and three research questions are included in the paper. A theoretical or conceptual framework was not used; however, it is implied that understanding RN prioritization of patient safety concerns can help prevent adverse events through training and resource allocation. The implied framework is linked to the objective through a common variable – RN-reported high-priority patient safety concerns. The literature review section is missing entirely. Nonetheless, the study uses relatively current resources published between 2001 and 2013 in the background and discussion sections. In the discussion, the review is logically organized into 10 patient safety issues. In the background, the review examines national healthcare quality initiatives and medical error statistics to support the need for the study. It clearly justifies the need for research on the perspectives of the nurses on the issues of patient safety. Methods The research involved a descriptive study design. This design fits the study purpose because it entails collecting data to describe high-priority patient safety issues from the perspective of RNs. Further, this non-Interventional approach depicts experiences or contexts as they are. The design links well with the convenient sampling approach (AORN member surveys), and statistical analysis (descriptive statistics) used to organize, tabulate, and present the data (pie charts). The study used a convenient sample of 3,137 respondents drawn from a target population (AORN membership) of 37,022. The results section includes an adequate and clear description of the characteristics of the sample, including the respondents’ clinical settings, hospitals, hospital size, roles, experience, and educational attainment. A detailed convenience sampling procedure is discussed. It includes a well-defined criterion for inclusion (literacy in English and active AORN membership) and exclusion. The justification given for the sample size used is that only 3,137 returned surveys were useable
Introduction It is imperative to note that the Holocaust is often viewed as the biggest crime in human history, and this topic is frequently studied by scholars. Many books and articles are focused on this subject matter, and there are many opinions on the reasoning behind this catastrophe. Work by Primo Levi titled “Survival in Auschwitz” is especially fascinating because the author shares his personal experience and explains struggles that he had to go through at that time. A review of this piece can help to get a better understanding of these events and its primary causes. Discussion The central character has to deal with numerous issues and situations over the course of the novel and was able to survive in the end. Moreover, his perspective on the whole situation is valuable because it helps to understand some of the aspects of the Holocaust that are not commonly known. It is necessary to mention that the hatred towards Jews was present on the territory of the Europe even before the propaganda by Nazis. “Even the children, even the old, even the ill” is the line that draws attention (Levi 14). It suggests that such factors were not important to Germans, and they lacked ay empathy towards these people. Individuals were aware Also, it is important to note that Hitler’s ability to influence people was truly astounding. People were not satisfied with the government, and Hitler has proposed an alternative. He was able to gain an enormous following thanks to his unique speaking abilities. Many viewed him as a dangerous person, but he was able to take advantage of numerous situations to gain power. Hitler was aware of the fact that enormous percentage of the population has hated Communism, and it was an outstanding opportunity to promote his ideas. Moreover, he could deliver misleading information to ensure that the population is against Jews. One of the core aspects that should not be overlooked is that they were linked to Communism, and it has affected the way they are perceived by others. Another issue that needs to be discussed is that the economy of Germany was hurt because of the World War I, and it has affected the pride of the nation. Many individuals have noticed that some Jews are becoming a vital of the society and are richer than others. Furthermore, it leads to a tremendous tension, and many Germans were jealous and did not want to accept this situation. It can be seen that such ideas were not reasonable, but many individuals were depressed and had to express their anger in some way. Propaganda has played a critical role, and it was not a hard task to get support from citizens. The role of psychological factors also should not be overlooked, and Nazis understood that they can take advantage of this fact. One of the lines states that “there is the good Häftling, portrayed stripped to the waist, about to diligently soap his sheared and rosy cranium, and the bad Häftling, with a strong Semitic nose” (Levi 39). This quote indicates that artwork was used to have a psychological impact on Jewish prisoners. Some of their features were quite exaggerated, and the fact that they were viewed in a negative light without any reasoning was espec