ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The History of inclusive education has come along way in the UK, the education Act of 1944 categorized children with special educational needs by their disabilities as uneducable and was given special education in separate schools. The 1981 education act together with the Warnock report of 1978 completely changed the conceptualization of the special educational needs as it was known then and brought about the special education needs (SEN) and the integrative concepts which latter came to be known as an inclusive approach. This was an approach based on common education for all children without discrimination (Westwood 2011). Several other acts and legislation have been instituted since then, which have made a significant progress towards the aim of trying to include all children in the same educational framework (Goodley 2010). According to EFA Global Monitoring Report 2010, children with disabilities are one group that is widely excluded from the mainstream schools and are missing out on quality education. Disability can be recognized as among the least visible yet it is the most potent factors of marginalization in the education system. The UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights which was released in 1948 has legislations on provision for education for all children. In 2009 the United Kingdom ratified
Introduction The media has a major responsibility as far as citizens of a nation are concerned. Nowadays, there are many forms of communication from which people can acquire information about what is going on in the world. Most people use the information that they get from the media to make decisions that affect their lifestyles and major decisions that affect their health, education or jobs that they venture into. Cultural beliefs have also changed and more and more people have become antisocial and spend most of their time watching what is broadcasted in the media. The media therefore holds a lot of responsibility in providing the accurate information that would influence people’s decisions and perceptions since information provided by the media affect’s people’s attitudes, behavior and thoughts. In agenda setting, the media must therefore be ethical and adhere to rules set by media regulation bodies. The media has power to influence the decisions that are made by people or how people perceive an issue because the media can choose to make a lot of focus on an issue or air an issue frequently than normal (Weaver, Maxwell & Donald, 2004). Role of the Media Some critics of the media claim that some elements of media can be bought by the ‘highest bidder’; this is one of the reasons why most media houses ensure that they hire individuals of high moral integrity and character. People in the media should not be easily swayed by people who have their own selfish interests at heart instead of focusing on the greater good of the people. Thus, the agenda setting model has highly been advocated for by many scholars especially Maxwell McCombs, who has had a long career in Journalism and has taught extensively on this field (2005). In some cases, what is aired in the news is influenced by what is happening around the world, if no major events are happening in the world for example wars, natural catastrophes, diseases outbreaks or political elections, other minor stories make the top news in the media. It is also hypothesized that sometimes the news that are made available to the public depend on public agenda setting capabilities depending on the political climate, history of the region and policies that control the media in an area. In regards to the agenda setting theory role of the media, the media responsibly uses their role as public informers to determine what is important and is newsworthy and presents this to the public (Wanta 1999). News editors, journalists and directors decide on the important issues that should be highlighted and
With the evolution of technology, new opportunities for visualization and modeling have emerged, particularly, due to the progress in the augmented reality (AR) department. Creating premises for a unique customer experience, particularly, the opportunity to tailor the model of an interior design specifically to the tastes and requirements of every single buyer, AR offers a plethora of options for creating a nuanced and intricate model that reflects the specifics of the target setting while also simplifying it to the required extent. Moreover, the incorporation of AR serves to introduce customers to a unique aesthetic of the selected design options, therefore, allowing them to choose the interior design that reflects their preferences and perceptions in the most accurate way possible (Sandu and Scarlat 6). Due to the chance to enhance customer experiences and increase the accuracy of the interior design process, AR must be considered an essential part of the framework for creating interior design. When considering the advantages of AR in interior design, one should address the ample visualization opportunities first. Owing to the opportunity to recreate the target setting impeccably and introduce new objects into it seamlessly, AR provides perfect opportunities for the visualization of the key changes to be made to the interior of a house (Riedlinger et al. 23). Specifically, the visualization options offer the target audience a unique chance to interact with the newly introduced elements, thus, completing the illusion of a physical and spatial change in the target setting. The use of AR in interior design, particularly, the option of building a 3-D model, allows understanding the relationships between the current setting and the items proposed to be introduced into it significantly better. Owing to the homogeneity of the elements within an AR design, as well as its close resemblance to reality, it provides an option of experiencing the change to the fullest extent possible (Riedlinger et al. 23). Specifically, the opportunity to change specific aspects of the new interior elements, including a chance to manipulate the color, size, and material of the items introduced to the interior of a specific space can be deemed as one of the most important aspects of AR in the selected context. Integrating new elements into the target setting seamlessly, an AR provides an authentic and fully immersive experience that allows a person using it to evaluate the proposed change aesthetically, determine the spatial advantages and disadvantages that it will entail, and sasses other vital aspects of integrating a new item into the interior (Riedlinger et al. 23). Therefore, AR represents a crucial opportunity of visualizing the key aspects of the proposed change, therefore, providing the audience with a clear understanding of how the change in question will factor into the setting of their choice and what functions it will perform in the environment in question. Moreover, the fact that AR offers several visualization opportunities makes the specified tool even more valuable for improving the interior design. Specifically, the curren
Introduction Ethics should be enshrined in company strategies. Moreover, in formulating strategies, companies should try to be ethical. The case study talks about companies that give limited warranties on materials that end up failing them. This paper will try to explore dishonesty that comes with warranties. The paper will also explore ethical issues that surround industries concerning default equipment or goods. Ethical issue The case study tries to explore the reason for the failure of industrial goods such as vehicle pedals, tires, and engines, among others. The author realizes that most companies are usually dishonest about their goods. However, he also acknowledges the fact that determining the reliability of engineering equipment, such as tires, is difficult. Nonetheless, he points out that companies should do enough to improve on reliability as well as honesty. The main issue here is about companies that knowingly refute that failure of industrial products is inevitable. This amounts to an ethical flaw, which the author supports with real-life evidence. The credibility of companies concerning their products comes into question because they tend to believe in them more than necessary. Companies like Microsoft and Toyota are mentioned to have refuted that their goods were faulty products. However, eventually, it haunted them through the recall of goods; in the process, they incurred heavily on repairs. The author believes that product failure follows a curve, which proves that their ability to break is inevitable (Stulz, 2009). Discussion My initial thoughts before reading the article were that companies were honest in their information concerning engineering products sold. Moreover, I thought initially that companies do all they can to protect the lives of consumers who use their products. I believed that products like tires are tested for years before they are brought into use. By going through the case study, I realized that companies do not do adequate research on materials. For instance, Ford should have performed all tests possible on firestone tires before placing them on their Rangers; this could have saved lives. The author has provided irrefutable evidence of mischief played in companies at the expense of people’s lives. Companies such as Mohawk, Johnson & Johnson, Southwest Airlines, GE, and Microsoft are mentioned to have denied that their products were faulty. This denial cost them billions of dollars as well as a negative image. In addition, people lost their lives or were hurt (Stulz, 2009). In essence, after reading the case study, I realized that companies care more about profits than people’s safety. I also realized that ethics is rarely given priority when it has to be chosen over profit. I believe that companies that make engineering goods should put people’s life before anything. In fact, just as Ford has been doing (trying to provide products that last 1
Introduction Henri Bergson was a French philosopher whose ideas were rather influential in the beginning of the 20th century. In his works, Bergson touched on the issues of creativity and intuition, developed the theory of Duration. It is possible to sum up that what interested the philosopher most of all were two things: the first one was finding the core of different matters, and the second thing was to learn the Moment, to catch it, like a photo camera does, and to represent it to a reader. In his Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic (2008), Bergson incarnates both of his passions and disassembles the mechanism of how laugher comes into being. Laugher is the universal language of communication which is able to unite people from different corners of the World; not surprisingly, besides stunning success in France, Bergson’s work has been appreciated and admired in many countries of the World, which demonstrates that laugher has no borders in the dimension of space. However, this bears an instant question: is this statement true for the dimension of time as well? To approach to the answer, it will be interesting to study the validity of Bergson’s statements in respect of a literary work separated from today by almost two thousand five hundred years. Main body Aristophanes’s The Frogs (Aristophanes) is a comedy performed in Ancient Greece in 405 BC and was met with the audience’s delight. Aristophanes, a famous playwright of those times, touched on the issues which were considered burning by the contemporary society, embracing the political environment and the processes taking place in contemporary literature. Here the first link between two works can be noticed: Bergson claims that despite comedy seems quite distant from the real life, it is nevertheless even closer to it than drama, and explains that “in laugher we always find and unavowed intention to humiliate, and consequently to correct our neighbour, if not in his will, at least in his deed” (Bergson 66); no doubt, from this point of view, the work of Aristophanes is an appropriate illustration for Bergson’s statement. In the chapter devoted to the comic in characters, Bergson tries to outline a formula for an ideal comic protagonist, listing the necessary features: first of all, he should be “deep-rooted”,
Introduction Lichens are fungus and microalgae-based organisms. Lichens are important primary producers, fixers of atmospheric gases, and contributors to mineral cycling and integration. Lichens are environmental bioindicators. Lichens attach to live surfaces like tree trunks. These bio-substrates have enough light and complexity for lichen development (Nunes et al.). Older trees are rougher and favor institution, influencing lichen abundance. Methods The study site was Mansfield Hollow State Park, Chaplin CT 06235. However, several sites within each area did not meet our sample requirements. Each tree was spaced at least 5-10 m apart to ensure random sampling. There were no road or forest border tests since we only examined living trees with at least 10 cm DBH. A narrower square was used to visually assess the cover inside of the trees in each quadrat. The frame was 1.5 m up each tree trunk in the cardinal points, with the hole at that point. Where lichen developed on top of bryophytes, the surface cover of both was evaluated. Indications of results about the original hypothesis and reasoning The distribution pattern of lichen growth conditions within habitats may indicate dispersion limitations and the outcome of abiotic stressors on propagative choices. Sexual and asexual reproduction are both possible in lichens, and some species generate vegetative propagules. Ecological/biological implications of findings As a consequence of these results, the variety of foods found in forest flora that include lichens may be linked to varying optimum conditions for establishment and development. Water availability or saturation is essential in abiotic settings because it affects CO2 exchange on the lichen thallus surface and serves as a dispersion mechanism for the reproductive phase. Fig 1. A graph of lichen coverage against the side of the tree. For example, low humidity, canopy openness, and substrate rugosity reduce substrate availability and water availability for photobiont formation and maintenance. These factors may decrease Grassland richness compared to Forest. However, increasing humidity might cause niche competition with other plants that need more water, including mosses and ferns (Nunes et al.). Fig 2. A graph of lichen coverage against the side of the tree (Foliose and Crustose) This theory supports our conclusion that forests have a fantastic species diversity since increasing wetness encourages lichen growth and increases competitive pressure for space, thus affecting species coexistence. Things that should be considered in future studies Future research should in
Although Shakespearean plays have been written several centuries before and the epoch of postmodernism suggests completely different genre and style, the poems written by the Swan of Avon are one of those kind that never age. With help of the tiniest details and the sense of harmony, Shakespeare created the poems which will become as eternal as Rome. One of the aspects of his poetry which made it so fantastically natural, real and filled with passion was the accuracy in details which he drove to complete perfection. Thus, the greenery which he described in the poems, whether those were the thick bushes concealing the traitor or a rose grown in the place where two hearts broke, played a role as important as those of kings and queens. This peculiarity of Shakespeare’s works came into the spotlight in his two plays, Romeo and Juliet and The Winter’s Tale . Without the details of the scenery which depicted the botanical imagery of the plays, the latter would have been incomplete. Because of the importance of the role of plants and trees in the two abovementioned plays, it would be reasonable to consider each of the plays in detail. It is impossible to imagine The Winter’s Tale , one of the most fantastic plays of Shakespeare, without the description of the plants and trees which come into background as the main action unwinds. With a certain “touch of Chaucer” (Driver 232) in his play, Shakespeare could not help sparing several passages devoted to the beauty of nature. Whether the scenery conveyed certain idea or was merely a work of art in the middle of the play is rather hard question. However, it would be possible to suggest that Shakespeare used the greenery images to emphasize certain elements of the play. Since the play comprised both the Shakespearean world picture and certain elements of the medieval times, it had to bear the traits of the two styles. Taking into consideration that the influence of Chaucer was more than obvious in The Winter’s Tale , and Chaucer’s passion for the descriptive elements, it could be suggested that the botanic details of the play were predetermined: The Winter’s Tale tracks back to Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, especially those of Patient Griselda and Mebilee; and even The Tempest, which seems contemporary with Shakespeare, inspired as it was by a shipwreck of 1609, employs inescapably medieval allusions. (Driver 11) Creating a fairytale atmosphere in the story, Shakespeare added truthful details with help of greenery description. Imagining the trees and flowers growing in a faraway land, the readers would feel that the miraculous place is but a few steps away. There is no doubt that without such detai
Introduction Procurement is the process of acquiring goods and services for a particular project. This process aims at promoting fair and open competition from among the vendors while minimizing cost and meeting the buyer’s needs. A procurement management plan is essential in the procurement process as it outlines requirements for the project, documentation and completion of the project. The plan plays a major role in directing the process of procurement. This ensures successful completion of the project because the necessary changes made at the right time. The plan identifies the products and services needed for the project, the types of contracts to be used for the entire project or in parts of the project, the approval of the contact, coordination of procurement processes by various individuals involved, and the metrics used in measuring activities in the procurement process. Background of the Study On 21 st august 2007, Mirage Resort (MGM) and Dubai World entered into a contact for the construction of a grand gaming center CityCenter in Las Vegas. The details of the contract were drawn up as agreed by the two companies, in preparation for the construction process. However, as is in line with construction requirements, procurement of the goods and services required for construction has to be done to guide the construction process. Procurement is in turn guided by a procurement plan that includes details of items and services required for the construction. Purpose of the Study This study outlines the procurement plan that contains all items and services required for the construction of the building in the agreement contract between the two companies. Such a study is necessary to guide the purchasing process so that all required items are obtained in the right manner that is cost effective. The study specifies the bidding process so that appropriate vendors are selected and awarded tenders for supplying the required items, which measure up to the quality standards as intended by the purchaser. Methodology Information for this study was gathered from documented sources about the procurement process. These include journal articles and books on procurement. Information about the required items and services was obtained from the project manager, the lead engineer, and design technician through interviews and analysis of past projects. Lite
Austrian Dollar. Exchange Rates Business in the Australian securities market is normally carried out in the Australian dollar A$. This is the currency upon which all world major currencies that are in circulation in the Australian market are converted into. The stock exchange market is situated in the capital Sydney and the average table of conversion of the world majors in the last three days is as follows: United States dollar: 1.0289, 1.0379, 1.0396. European euro: 0.7854, 0.7899, 0.7892. United Arab Emirates dirham: 3.7786, 3.8117, 3.8179 The rates of conversion of these currencies are largely affected by certain occurrences or activities carried out in the markets in which the very currencies are used. In case of the euro, the euro zone market carries out certain activities that affect the daily exchange rates in the market, a major influencer being the interest rates paid on euro deposits in the markets that use the currency more specifically in the Europe. But one underlying influencer of the rates of currency exchange is normally the availability of the currency in the market, any activity carried out in the market that limits the amount of the foreign currency makes that currency gain value against the local currencies (Alexander & Jorissen 2010). When the interest rates levied on euro deposits are lowered by a given margin, an example would be from 6.4% to 5.9% this would imply that the amount of the currency available in the market shall diminish and this in turn would make the currency gain more value in the Australian market. Mathematically this resonates as below: Should there be five billion Euros deposited on the day that the interest on the euro was 6.4%, the total value of the interest on that day would be 320,000,000 Euros in circulation while on the day that the interest rate falls to 5.9% the amount of Euros in circulation would be 295,000,000 Euros translating into 25,000,000 Euros held out of circulat
Introduction Provision of protection and safety rights to refugees from all over the world is a noble commitment. This type of commitment is given out on a free basis by some of the developed countries in the world, if not all of them. Despite that fact that the United States and Canada have been taking care of the refugees for a long time, refugee policies are undergoing a lot of changes and reconsiderations. The Safe Third Country Agreement between the United States and Canada signed in 2002 provides examples of such reconsiderations. This paper discusses the impacts and effects of this agreement. This agreement depicts that both, Canada and the United States, in addition to their policies and immigration laws have responsibilities towards refuge seekers under the Geneva Convention to refugees’ status. Effects of the Agreement The effect of the implementation of this agreement leads to a reduced ability of refugees to make refuge in these countries. Once this agreement (Safe Third Country Agreement) is in force, the immigration of refugees to Canada and the United States can be limited in different ways. First, as soon as the agreement gets in action, refuge seekers can be prevented from filling their claims in both Canada and the United States. Secondly, according to the rules determined by the United States, refugees requested to apply for asylum in the US other than Canada are not able to do so. When considered, Canadian treatment of asylum claims seem to be stricter as compared to that of the United States, especially in gender based cases. In the United States, the rule that requires a refugee to claim refuge within a year makes a reasonable number of refugees ineligible (Adelman, 2002). Third, all refugees in the United States and under the agreement cannot make claims. They are afraid of making the claims thinking that they can be treated cruelly or even detained. The next issue is that the agreement should allow the American as well as the Canadian authorities to control the refugees that can be suspected in seeki