ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many vocalists and bands became popular with the public during the period of the 1960s-1970s, and it is possible to note that they changed the history of music and brought more soul and blues motives to it. The O’Jays is a group which is traditionally discussed as one of the most popular R&B or soul groups in the USA during the mentioned period. However, this group is an extraordinary phenomenon in the history of music because adapting to all the new trends and preserving their specific and recognizable sound, the O’Jays are still active in performing. The characteristic feature of the group is its famous “Philly Soul” sound which once broadened the public’s vision of the soul music. To explain the group’s past and present success and the status of a legend, it is necessary to pay attention to the most important points and periods in the group’s career. First Career Steps The start of the group’s great and prolonged music career was in Canton, Ohio, where two young men Eddie Levert and Walter Williams sang gospels on a radio station. The boys were attending Canton McKinley High School, and they decided to organize the first group with their schoolmates William Powell, Bobby Massey, and Bill Isles. In 1959, the boys gave the title Triumphs to their music group. Later, the group became locally popular as the Mascots. The era of the O’Jays began when Eddie O’Jay, a disc jockey from Cleveland, became interested in the boys’ music activity. Moreover, the group was renamed after Eddie O’Jay, and the boys signed their first significant contract with the Imperial and Bell labels as the O’Jays in 1963 (“The O’Jays”). The next step was to win the R&B charts with such singles as “Lonely Drifter” and “Stand in For Love”. These songs became the real hits of the 1960s in the USA. The group’s debut album was titled “Comin’ Through”, and it received the public’s recognition in 1965 (“The O’Jays Biography”). During the 1960s, the O’Jays were especially popular with the lovers of the soul music, and group’s songs took the highest positions in t
Introduction Team-based learning (TBL) relates to an active learning, small team instructional methodology which allows learners to implement conceptual cognizance through a series of undertakings, including immediate feedback and team and individual work. The learning domains enhanced by TBL include the cognitive, social, affective, and psychomotor realms. According to Ismael (2016), TBL’s active learning procedure allows students to utilize their kinetic, writing, auditory, and visual learning styles to bolster their cognizance and retain it. Faculty typically assigns students to teams using a transparent procedure to ensure team diversity and prevent the likelihood of pre-existing friendship group-based categories. Facilitators also provide feedback and clarity to students during the RAP (Readiness Assessment Process), which consists of TRAT (Team Readiness Assurance Test) and IRAT (Individual Readiness Assessment Test) (Fu, n.d.). They further distinguish gaps in students’ comprehension and underlying challenges through follow-up queries and enhance their critical thinking. During activities involving clinical problem-solving, students are required to utilize their ethical viewpoints, clinical reasoning, collective knowledge, proficiencies, and values to resolve complex clinical issues applicable to actual life situations. Learners also contribute to their team members’ grades by providing qualitative and quantitative feedback. Purpose Statement TBL is a pedagogical strategy that involves engaging learners’ knowledge through group collaboration and individual testing. This paper aims to highlight TBL’s pros and cons, the strategy’s best uses, and helpful tips for the pedagogue using it in healthcare and academic settings. It also provides an overview of research evidence supporting TBL’s efficacy and a comprehensive description of its applicability to a specific nursing course. Best Uses of the Strategy in Healthcare and Academic Settings The TBL instructional methodology typically initiates significant transformations within the classroom to ensure learners’ accountability for their initial exposure to or conversancy with content and relevant concepts through guided self-study. To ensure the strategy’s effective use, the instructor should develop teams consisting of five to seven members to foster inquiry (Alberti et al., 2021). When optimizing team cohesion conditions, the pedagogue should establish groupings with a diverse assortment of members and avoid allocating students with previously established relationships within the same group. These teams should be maintained across the semester to encourage the development of self-directed learning through time. The educator should distinguish opportunities for team-based tasks or assignments to ensure TBL’s efficacy. Although team-based workpieces can be developed from any topic or subject matter, they function appropriately when they engage learners in multi-faceted team-building and problem-solving exercises (Koohestani & Boghcheghi, 2016). TBL-related
Satellites are specifically designed objects that are launched into space orbits. Each type of satellite functions differently. Generally, satellites are used for transmitting information from one region to another, or they may be used to gather data. Statistics show that over 26,000 satellites have so far been thrown into space since the 1960s. There are a number of commonly used satellites. One of the most common varieties is the communications satellite (Hile 297). The first was known as Sputnik I, which had a radio transmitter installed on board. It was launched into space in 1957. They are designed to carry signals of a satellite TV. This type of satellite is also used for fulfilling military operations. The communications satellites are designed to use geostationary orbit. This means that they go round the equator once each day. It basically turns with the Earth’s movement. The second types are the weather satellites (Hile 302). They monitor the climate of the earth as well as weather systems from the sky. The collected information is then relayed to weather stations with controllers. These satellites can supply data concerning environmental conditions. The state of the ozone layer may be detected from these data. Weather monitoring satellites may follow a geostationary orbit. It may also follow the north-south orbital path, known as the polar orbit. Works cited Hile, Kevin. The handy weather answer book (2 nd ed.). Visible Ink Press, 2009: 293-307.
Introduction Various business agents in any economy engage in scores of activities that result in creation of commodities for the satisfaction of human wants. These set of activities are a component of Operations Management (OM) which can be defined as; a well coordinated set of activities that crate value by transforming inputs to outputs. Operations management as a discipline is vital as it has the improvement of operations as its major focus. Operations improvement has the pro of synchronizing the aspect of commodity cost lowering and the maximization of customer satisfaction. Often, operations improvement is the function of technology advancement and firms should therefore be ready to remain abreast with these changes in order to avoid being rendered obsolete in the market. In addition, firms can also take the advantage of operations improvement in their diverse operations to obtain a competitive advantage in the market. For instance, a firm could capitalize on faster and reliable response to customer needs, new markets as a competitive advantage. It has been noted in the business media that Americans spend more money and time on marketing while the Japanese spend five times as Americans in developing more efficient processing methods. This paper will employ the use of the SWOT analysis tool in evaluating the various ways that Zara apparel fashion store has been utilizing the concepts of operation management in attaining its current competitive advantage in the textile industry. This study will take an assumption that Zara apparel fashion chain has the opportunity to appropriate the tools of operations management today. Hence, the suggestions of this analysis will be viewed as applicable today even though Zara set out to double its capacity in the year 2009. Secondly, the analysis will consider only a few other major players in the market namely H&M and the Gap as the major competitors to Zara. Background of the study Zara chain of stores was started in the year 1975 in La Coruna in North West Spain with the intention of reaching the young city dwellers that are fashion conscious through the low cost and latest fashion strategy. Zara started with one store, but grew to 723 stores in 2003 spreading to 56 countries occupying a total space of over 811100m 2 . The sales income for Zara stores for the year 2004 was estimated to be in tunes of € 3.8 billion. The high cash flows of the company afforded Zara an opportunity to become the holding company Inditex group listed in the stock market and boasting of € 5.7 billion market capitalization. Approximately 91% of Zara is company owned with the remaining proportion being shared by franchises and joint ventures. At inception, Zara‘s strategy was to focus on the target market, build a strong brand known for fashion and low costs. Zara used in-house designers to supply new products to the market twice a week to customers in response to the sales and fashion trends. As such, the me
Religion is a powerful factor that affects the political activity of the nation. The research focuses on the religious influences on the Somalian political activities. The study focuses on Islam as one of the religions that has triggered the country to unstableness. The research includes discussion on Islam as a government benchmark in terms of political policies implemented within and outside the Somalian political environment (Armstrong 27). How religion influences politics in Somalia, especially since the country is unstable. Other Influences on Somalia Religion influences Politics in Somalia, especially since the country is unstable. First, the Islamic leaders espouse the Islamic political system. The system prioritises the Sharia law in all its political policies and procedures. In 2006, the Islamic Courts Union had taken control of the majority of the southern part of the country. Consequently, the sharia law was implemented. However, the Transitional Federal Government fought back to regain its original political hold. With the economic investments from troops arriving from Ethiopia, the African Union peacekeepers and air support by the United States, the Islamic Courts Union were unceremoniously kicked out and the Transitional Federal Government was able to achieve its goal of regaining control of the political environment (Reilly 4). Islamic References After the Islamic Courts Union’s defeat at the hands of the Transitional Federal Government, the union disintegrated into several groups. One splinter group, Al-Shabaab, focused on continuing its Holy War or insurgency against the current government party. The group’s insurgency campaign caused havoc on the nation. Specifically, the group attacked the current Transitional Federal Government’s grabbing of many parts of Somalia from 2007 to 2008 alone. Also, the same Islamic group was very instrumental in ensuring the successful taking control of the internal affairs of Baidoa from the robust Transitional Federal Government’s control in 1998. Second, Jonathan Howe (Clarke 172) emphasized the United States and the United Nations incorporate the religious culture of the current political leaders of Somalia in trying to reduce the tension and bring peace and plenty to the land. The relationship among the countries includes: the United Nations Roster of countries with interest in Somalia’ current and future political and religious environment, the relationship between “the United States and the U.N. is perhaps the most unique, complex, and essential. Both the United States and the UN will be critical actors in defining any future role the world organization may play in dealing with massive humanitarian catastrophes resulting from ethnic cleansing, genocide, or human-made starvation. Therefore, it is essential to examine U.S.-UN relations during these entities’ demanding and unprecedented joint effort to help the failed state of Somalia from 1992 to 1995” (Clarke 172). In handling the Somalia political and religio
The effects of coal production and usage have been studied in great detail in recent years due to the growing preoccupation of researchers about the safety of the resource. Despite being an old technology first used in the 19 th century, somehow, the power plants still utilize coal to generate a large portion of the world’s electricity. Strangely enough, human society has not switched to an alternative way of electricity production, since it is now known how high are rates of coal’s negative influence on the environment and human health are. Coal-burning and mining not only pollute the air with hazardous chemicals and emit greenhouse gases, but also contaminate the soil with mercury, a highly toxic metal, which is an ongoing, and already irreversible process. In history, coal has been used to acquire energy and heat for a couple of centuries now. However, with the rise of industrial society, factories and power plants needed an extension of recourses to run the steam-powered machines, thus, raising coal production and usage to industrial levels. Nowadays, according to Hendryx et al , “coal accounts for about 38% of electricity generation worldwide” (398). For a long time, coal-burning’s adverse environmental and health effects were not discussed widely – either for economic or political reasons, as coal is a beneficial resource found in abundance on every continent. In more recent years, the growing problem was finally addressed and brought into the public focus. The hazards that coal poses to human health are closely linked to the air pollution caused by it. Most of the world’s population is now affected by air pollution, with the growing statistics of related health complications, such as “all-cause and premature mortality, respiratory disease and lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and higher infant mortality” (Kravchenko et al. as cited in Hendryx et al. 403). The study of domestic coal usage resulted in similar findings, the health complications including “endemic fluorosis, arsenic, selenosis, lung cancer, and adverse effects on child development” (Chen et al. as cited in Hendryx et al. 404). What is evident in these statistics is that part, the problem lies in people’s outlook, while the other part is connected to the absence of better alternatives. Coal causes a wide range of environmental effects – it pollutes air and water with toxins and heavy metals. Baig et al. explain this process in detail: “depending on the type of coal, the emissions contain pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg), and radioactive nucleoids” (1). With merc
Introduction General Motors is an automotive company based in United States with its headquarters in Detroit, Michigan city. The company is the world’s largest automaker. The company operates in 157 countries worldwide and it employs around 210,000 workers across the globe (Berger, 2001). It manufactures vehicles in 31 different countries across the globe. General motors on star subsidiary provide vehicle safety, security and information services (Lawrence, 2008). The company was started in 1908, in Michigan as a holding company for Buick. Charles Stewart was General motors co founder whose carriage company was merged in Buick. During the year 1909, the company obtained two companies namely; Reliance truck and rapid vehicle motor companies of Owosso and Pontiac Michigan respectfully. General motors was ranked the best in the world in terms of sales among all motor companies during the second half of twentieth century (Bell, 1965). However, the company sales declined in the year 2010 when it was ranked second globally. General motors sell its vehicles to motor vehicle dealers as well as to fleet customers (Graeme, 2004). Fleet customers include commercial fleet customers, automotive leasing companies and governments. The major markets of General motors include the United States, china, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Germany, Canada and Italy (Alfred, 2004). The company provides automotive financing services through its subsidiary. General motors financial company purchases automobile finance contracts for new and used vehicles purchased customers primarily from franchised and select independent dealership
The origin and formation of the US foreign policy came in the period of the acute form of the old regime crisis in European countries. The exhaustion of absolutism, whose epoch spanned 1660-1789, was not only a historical background, but a systemic factor in the genesis of the first sovereign state of the Western Hemisphere. This transformation covered not only the “Old World” states but also their overseas possessions — the so-called “New Europe”, among which were the British possessions in North America. They became a vivid example of a radical transition of a European-type society to a new ground. Here, as well as in other regions of the world related to Europe, the general mechanism of transformation worked. The most vulnerable point of the old regimes was where the resistance of the past and the new coincided. There were separatist movements in remote or poorly controlled provinces or colonies. The development of the economy, the growth of settlements, and the confrontations faced by the reforms of enlightened absolutism led to an increase in conflicts in the 1770s and 1780s. The current state of the US foreign policy was shaped by several historical events in both North America and Europe. At the same time, one should not mistakenly think that the United States was a liberal state by the time it was proclaimed in 1776. On the contrary, the North American colonies were neither democratic, nor progressive, nor egalitarian in their characteristics (Hendrickson 323). The colonial societies acted as carriers of the old regime itself: the British colonists were not alien to the hierarchy, the patriarchy, their communities had a vertical, not horizontal organization. Nevertheless, the given section of the European “legacy” coexisted with modernization. It also had a European origin, which predetermined the vector of the US development during the 18th-19th centuries as an illustration of the social and economic shifts in the old regime. From the middle of the 18th century, Europe was gripped by a wave of protests directed against the search for their benefit institutions associated with the mercantilist old regime, which was entirely discredited by the 1760s. During this period, the political role of the economic elites changed, and the influence of liberal ideology increased. In the new historical conditions, it was not the aristocratic origin, but the capital that opened the door to power. The British colonies of North America were an example of these changes as well: social mobility and political freedom created a specific atmosphere that was markedly different from the passive obedience of the ordinary masses to the power of bureaucracy, oligarchs, and clergy in Latin America and French Canada. In addition, in the 1700-the 1890s
War historians, political analysts and researchers have demonstrated evidence that war is as old as mankind. In prehistoric era, civilizations used to engage in armed conflict fueled by factors such as population pressure, consolidation of geographical areas and conflict over resources (McPherson 12). Presently, countries still engage in war for many other reasons that were absent during the prehistoric era, such as fighting terrorism, driving dictatorial political regimes out of power, and stopping other countries from developing weapons of mass destruction. Debate has been wide-ranging about the necessity of war in the 21 st century, with anti-war advocates arguing that war is not a necessary ingredient to the progression of man (Landry para. 3), while war supporters counteract by arguing that war is necessary for the advancement and stability of the world. It is against this background that this paper aims to outline arguments demonstrating that war is still necessary in the 21 st century despite its social, economic and political costs. It is indeed true that acts of war unnecessarily claim many innocent lives, particularly civilians who are caught in the crossfire and who have absolutely nothing to do with the war. The U.S. invasion of Iraq to dislodge Saddam Hussein bears witness to this fact as thousands of innocent Iraqis lost their lives while many more were maimed. The economic cost of the Second Gulf War is hard to quantify for both the invaders and the aggressed nation. But from the utilitarian perspective, the Iraq war is justified since it achieved a greater good to a large number of Iraqis, not mentioning that the world in general and the Middle East in particular became more stable after Saddam was dethroned and a new political order instituted (McPherson 15). Today, many more Iraqis enjoy a whole new range of freedoms and rights that they could not dare to ask under the dictatorial leadership of Saddam Hussein. Consequently, this war was justified by the virtue of the fact that most Iraqis can now enjoy their democratic rights and human rights, and people are no longer coerced to live in fear. Some political leaders, especially in Africa, have been known to refuse to hand over power even after serving as presidents for decades. Recently, the world learned with shock how Tunisians have been subjected to the same president, Ben Ali, for over two-and-half decades. Presently, NATO forces are engaged in removing yet another political demagogue in the name of Muammar Gaddafi of Libya, who has been in power for over four decades but has flatly refused to cede power. Using the jus ad bellum (just cause) perspective (Suzuki 3), it can be argued that NATO forces are justified to participate in such a war that will benefit Libyans, economically, socially, and politically, once the heavy lid of the their dictatorial president