ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In her writing “Eating Fresh in America: Subway Restaurant’s Nutritional Rhetoric” Jessica Lundgren describes advertising strategies and persuasive methods used by fast-food restaurants to misguide people into buying unhealthy food. She presents an example of a Subway chain of restaurants as one of the most successful companies on the market. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the examples that Lundgren uses in her paper and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of her claims. Claims of the author Before she analyzes Subway’s nutritional rhetoric, Jessica Lundgren gives a profound overview of the subject. With the support of examples, documented facts, and statistics, she writes about the influence of fast-food restaurants on Americans and links the obesity crisis with the profusion of fast-food advertisements. After that, Lundgren tells about the type of research she has made and the content of the parts. The analysis of nutritional rhetoric comprises five parts. Every part covers a distinct approach used by Subway to attract potential customers. At the end of her analysis, the author presents a conclusion in which she summarizes the described advertising approaches of fast-food restaurants and talks about the need for further researches on the subject. Strengths and weaknesses The writing of Jessica Lundgren presents a profound analysis of fast-food commercials and marketing technologies. The author makes use of many sources and statistics in the preface to the analysis supporting the credibility of her work. The logical structure of the paper and vivid examples of advertisements also make for interesting and informative research. In comparison to the preface, the analysis often lacks credible sources and statistics. Lundgren writes about her interpretations of advertisements and marketing techniques without mentioning any authors who share her vision. Some of her deductions seem logical, and a reader can trace the development of the presented opinions. In other cases, the author shares her impression without much explanation. Writing about the visual rhetoric Lindgren links the white backgrounds of the advertisements to the whiteness of hospitals. It is difficult to agree that fast-food companies will compare their food with the meals at medical facilities. It seems more logical to suppose that white backgrounds create good contrast to the colorful food on them. White color makes products look bigger. Moreover, white backgrounds might show that the restaurant does not hide anything from its guests. Everything is on display. Another limitation of Jessica Lundgren’s research is the lack of originality. Her work
Pain management is one of the core tasks that a healthcare expert must address when tending to the needs of patients with severe impairments. However, for the demographic that has been suffering from chemical dependency, the introduction of pain management medications may imply the threat of a relapse (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Therefore, to ensure that patients are offered the relevant pain management techniques. Furthermore, additional patient factors such as allergies and lung conditions will have to be considered. In turn, in the scenario at hand, the use of general anesthesia appears to be reasonable, given the fact that it will prevent him from being subjected to another risk factor that may lead to relapse (Beaulieu, 2017). Nevertheless, given the low pharmacokinetics, additional options for sedating the patient to ensure that the procedure will be entirely painless should be considered. In turn, discussing the options with the patient appears to be ethically and medically sensible, given the vital information that the patient may provide. However, if the patient had a comorbid condition such as heart failure, the use of strong pain management medications would be required to avoid a cardiac arrest due to painful experiences (Misra et al., 2020).
Introduction Modern political life of any country impossible imagines without political parties. Political parties introduce the political life of the country through the ideas and considerations which are put in the basis of these parties and are the main differential features, which make the opposite. American political life is fulfilled with the political parties which make up the government of the country and should function of the benefit of the whole society. The history of the modern American parties is very long, and its role on the democracy of the country is significant. It is not the secret that every party should be responsible before the nation for its actions. Responsible Parties Model may be characterized according to the following features: (1) the politics and promises of the parties should be specific, (2) the specific promises should be acted on and carried on by the parties, when they are in the office, (3) parties should be in constant opposition, and those who are out of power should search for the alternatives to the decisions made by the parties with power, (4) the difference between the ideological considerations of the parties should be significant (LeLoup 11). Main Body A Responsible Party Model: characteristic and discussion Considering the usage of the Responsible Parties Model in the modern America, it can be mentioned that it failed to be provided. The reasons for this may be numerous, the promises cannot be absolutely specific as people in one society search for the improvement in their lives in the same spheres. Moreover, in the condition of present separation of power, it is impossible to follow and to act on all issues, which are mentioned in the model. The current crisis makes political parties in power provide the changes and the reforms of the economical life of people with the aim to improve their economic position and do not have time to care about the political changes which were promised by them. Except the political parties, there are a lot of other issues and concepts which can be considered as the various forms of political participation. Having provided some researches it was concluded that there are a lot of other forms of political participation. The types of the political participation are (1) voting in national elections and on referendum, (2) different campaigns which occur during the elections, (3) different pressure groups, demonstrations, some industrial strikes (the aim of which is political), and other political activities which objectives are to change the public policy, (4) different social policies, different forms of disobedience, which have civil or political nature, and (5) different social organizations and political parties, which are created by the society in order to provide their opinion to the government (Axford and Huggins 123). Various forms of political participation Having considered different forms of political participation, it is possible to mention that democracy is impossible without political participation and that government cares about the r
Introduction To most people, communication is about exchanging information from one party to another but looking from a deeper perspective there is more to communication than to what we usually perceive. Communication is defined as a learned skill; since a majority group is born with a talking skill but there is always need to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. Our ability to speak, listen and understand verbal and nonverbal meanings develop in various ways and depends on different situations. These situations rely on observing, teaching in the class, and practicing what is learnt to be evaluated by others (Anon, n.d). Effective communication is always advisable in order to convey the desired information to the receiving party. Information Communication Revolution As time has progressed so has technology; this has made things much easier for human beings. Researchers have divided communication into three revolutions. The first revolution consisted of drawing immobile objects while the second revolution was associated with transfer of information to others. The third revolution consisted transfer of information through waves and electronic signals and this is the generation we are still in. Types of Communication Nonverbal communication: This is the process of receiving wordless messages from one entity to the other and these non-verbal forms of communication are usually determined by the posture, gesture, body language, eye contact, and facial expression among others. Non-verbal communication plays a key role in every person’s day-to-day life from ordinary life to other special engagements in life. Speech as a non-verbal communication may contain elements of non-verbal communication such as Para-language, which may include voice quality, emotion, and speaking style. The features of non-verbal communication can be divided into static and dynamic. Static features of non verbal communication include posture (e.g. lying down) while dynamic features include facial expressions frowning and yawning among others. Visual Communication This is the process of conveying message in a form that can be read; primarily, it is involved with two-dimensional images e.g. signs, drawings, and graphics. Visual communication relies on vision (what can be seen). It explores the notion of power in visual messages. Visual communication is mostly reliable when a case of future reference is needed or when similar message need to be sent to many receivers and when conveying of the message requires a step-by-step procedure. Oral Communication The process of conveying messages or information through the word of mouth is defined as oral communication. This method of communication is mostly used when discussions are needed and when immediate reaction is needed from the other side. Among the above methods the best depends on the purpose of conveying the message, resources required when stressing the importance of the information needed among other requirements. Principles of Communicatio
Every area inhabited by people suffers from the influence of production and technologies i this greater or smaller way. This report is aimed at providing analysis of data presented in different literary sources aimed at shaping the concept of open spaces areas and investigating their value for Australian people. If the experience of these researchers turns out to be effective, it can be implemented in other urban areas of the world with regard to constant ecological problems, contamination of water, air, and soils, global warming caused by a number of external factors, and other issues. Figure 1: Major open space components of Sydney (Coleman 2006, p. 4). Introduction As different programs on urban consolidation are aimed at investigating the use, potential benefits, and possible implementation of similar practices in other areas, the current report is aimed at analysing the open space areas of Sydney with the help of secondary sources. Mapping out the greenery in the area will help us to consider its biodiversity, green space and human activities there. It is crucial to be aware of the green spaces of Sydney and its suburbs to see the scope of the problem, connected with urbanisation and industrialization. However, Sydney can be considered one of the greenest cities as every citizen of this city has an opportunity to spend some time in the green area due to the number and location of parks of different types. It is obvious that the green coverage must be in the city and the thorough research of such places may help to preserve the nature in big industrial cities. The understanding and acceptance of the problem is crucial for making a step to the problem resolving. Materials and Method The data for the research was collected through the internet databases that contain a number of issue papers about the open space areas and the effect of the number of parks produced on the overall ecol
Introduction Social enterprises encompass organizations, which deploy commercial strategies to enhance the maximization of environmental and humanity improvements. Their focus is not principally on maximization of returns on investments to the company external shareholders. Social enterprises are structured to assume models for non-profits making, for profits making, or a blend of these two models. However, according to Social Enterprise Alliance, the primary goal of social enterprise is to “use the methods and disciplines of business and the power of the marketplace to advance their social, environmental, and human justice agendas” (2). Social enterprises take the forms of cooperatives, microfinance, and charity organizations, among others. In this paper, the model of social enterprises is analyzed in the context of the Fair Trade US organization. The organization’s head office is situated in the 1500 Broadways, Suite 400, Oakland in CA 94612 in the United States. The social challenge resolved by the organization The goal of Fair Trade USA is to ensure that farmers receive adequate harvest prices, which can allow them to conduct sustainable agriculture. Fair trade USA aims at resolving the social challenges of poverty among farmers in developing nations. Even though the organization focuses on making higher profits to deliver optimal benefits to the farmers, it is considered as a non-profit making organization since the profits generated are not meant for increasing returns on investments to the shareholders. Conventionally, buyers willfully part with more cash when buying fair-trade goods as they presuppose that the extra monies are channeled towards alleviating poverty levels across the world. Fair Trade USA states that the organization conducts audits coupled with certification of transactions executed between international suppliers and the domestic organizations “to guarantee that the farmers and workers producing Fair Trade Certified goods are paid fair prices and wages, work in sa
Abstract The Down’s syndrome is the problem that may occur in a number of reasons. The main purpose of the research is to identify the authors who considered the problem of Down’s syndrome causes and analyze the results of the research conducted by those scholars. The main result of the current research is that it was enumerated a number of reasons which may be the causes for the Down’s syndrome appearance. The Down’s syndrome is mostly caused by an error during cell division process that is resulted in an extra genetic material. This extra genetic material creates 47 chromosomes in human organism instead of 46, a norm. The most frequently occurred consequences of those changes are lack of cognitive, physical and speech development. It was also possible to identify the types of Down’s syndrome, namely, mosaic, trisomy 21, and translocation. Introduction Down’s syndrome is a disorder which is caused by the addition of an extra genetic material that is associated to causing delays in the development of a child in this condition. Down’s syndrome was named after a British physician, John Langdon Down; he is the one who described the symptoms first in 1886. He published an essay illustrating different young children who suffered from mental retardation. While working in an asylum in England, Down found a distinction between children who are cretins and those he called Mongolods. Mongoloidism, a term he used because these children had similar characteristics as those of people from Mongolia who had arrested development. An extensive amount of research was conducted after Down’s findings. Though out this paper, different studies will be discussed to help us understand what causes a person to be born with Down’s syndrome; the paper will also analyze the relationship between maternal serum level of human placental growth hormone (HPGH) and fetal Down syndrome. General Information on Down’s syndrome Down’s syndrome has an occurrence rate of one out of 600 live births (5,500 lives annually) in nearly all races and across the economic classes 1 . The occupational categories, still, influence people’s ability to give birth to a live-child with Down’s syndrom 2 . It is proved that the chances to give birth to a baby with Down’s syndrome increase with the increase of mother’s age. Thus, 35-year-old woman has 1:385 chances to give birth to a baby with Down’s syndrome, while the risk of 40-year-old woman is 1:30 3 . There are a great number of different tests which are able to identify the Down’s syndrome on different terms of pregnancy. It was considered with the help of Serum, Urine and Ultrasound Screening Study (SURUSS), the First and Second Trimester Evaluation of Risks (FASTER) Trial and the Serum Biochemistry and Fetal Nuchal Transluce
Introduction Before the law is a short allegorical story in Franz Kafka’s novel, ‘The Trial’. He describes a society that is full of oppression, slavery, corruption, inhumanity yet the existing law is inaccessible. A man from the country tries fruitlessly to reach law but the doorkeeper tells him he cannot access the law. Ironically, the doorkeeper claims the door belongs to the citizens and it is always open but nobody goes through it. Contemporarily, most laws are inaccessible but when one access them they are full of corruption and impunity hence at the end becoming meaningless to the people. Although, the judicial system exists in all governing systems in the world to adhere to the rights and freedom of people, citizens of different nations are yet to feel or enjoy its role in the society. Therefore, the fact that the man wastes all his lifetime and wealth waiting for his chance to access the law reveals the dissatisfaction of the judicature as a branch of justice in the society. The inaccessible Law The rules and regulations governing the major branches of justice make it tough for an ordinary citizen to access or realize justice in the world. Kafka comments that the, “the doorkeeper is limited to the function of an obstacle” (1). Unfortunately, only few people like the politicians, rich men and senior government officials break the obstacles. According to the story, the man is in need of justice and therefore attempts to reach it. However, on every door stands a doorkeeper with stronger and influential power than the previous. Although the door is open, the first doorkeeper tells him he cannot go through it now but he has a potential in future (Kennedy and Gioa 6). When he tries to peep through the gate, the first doorkeeper allows him but tells him there are more doorkeepers he has to seek permission from before he reaches the law. Unfortunately, the third doorkeeper turns out to be wick, awful and fearsome that he is unable to approach. Therefore, the law seems to be harder, tougher and inaccessible contrary to what he had thought earlier. Similarly, there is a tiring procedure for any individual to access the judicature while those who succeed in the process have to reveal identification in every office. The physical process and operational procedures involved shy away m
Employee Turnover Employee turnover is common in every business. Every year there are people who will simply not be satisfied working in the organization. Employee retention is important as it helps cut costs. Restaurants that experience high levels of employee turnover will find themselves incurring high staff costs. There is the cost of recruitment which starts with announcing a vacancy to the time the human resources department finds a suitable person for the job. There is also the cost of training the employee and orienting him to the company values. Restaurants are already facing very high competition in the market as they strive to make profits. They should therefore seek to reduce their other costs such as staff recruitment costs. A company that therefore gives employee retention a high priority seeks to gain a competitive advantage. It will attract and retain the most hardworking and qualified employees. The employees will demonstrate high levels of employee loyalty. Secondly, in the restaurant companies, being a service industry, retaining customers depends on the quality of customer service that is given. Employees who are motivated will serve customers with vigor and great charm. Employee turnover is high in restaurants because of the lack of recognition systems, poor pay, and long and tiring shifts and management should address this. Employee Retention The Texas roadhouse company uses consistent and varied staff recognition to award its employees. All the employees in the different departments understand that if they show superior performance they will be awarded for their efforts. It also has awards for the people who have worked longest for the company, showing them that they are appreciated. The company also trains its staff in customer service. The new staff is also trained in the culture of the company so that all the people are displaying the high quality of customer service to their staff. There are other actions that senior management can take to increase employee retention. Employee turnover is a result of job dissatisfaction. This refers to the discontentment that arises in an employee concerning his or her job. There are different causes of job dissatisfaction. If t
Introduction Democracy refers to as a form of government whereby the citizens have the right to contribute in making decisions that affect their lives. These rights and freedom are demonstrated through their participation in national debates, proposals development and in passage of important laws and legislations (Mulligan 20). Democracy also to some extend encompasses economic, social and cultural aspects, which enable or rather, enhance freedom and equality in making certain choices. It also ensures that citizens engage in a free and fair process of political systems by choosing their own representative without any harassment whatsoever. Therefore, democracy fosters transparency, equality and freedom to all the citizens of a given state. In terms of its meaning and application, democracy although has no specific definition, has aroused different opinions and arguments among various personalities with some arguing for and some against it. Argument for democracy Democracy is seen as the fundamental principal of upholding the rights of people. The proponents of democracy argue that, through democracy, citizens are accorded the freedom to participate on issues concerning their country enjoying a peaceful coexistence as the rule of law applies (Decker and Lim 170). Therefore, democracy ensures that equality of all the citi