ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Today, more than ever before, scholars and mainstream commentators are in agreement that a substantial component of the globalization effect is the erosion of the power of the nation state, as international actors such as multinational corporations continue to weaken and incapacitate the state from fulfilling its traditional mandate for the common good of its citizenry (Okogbule, 2008). This short paper aims to illuminate the negative effects of big corporations and globalization on a country’s political and economic sovereignty. It is common knowledge that countries in developed and emerging economies are increasingly becoming dependent on multinational corporations to integrate their economies in a globalized world (Kapfer, 2006). In many instances, the bait for establishing the dependency relationship comes in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI) and its capacity to stimulate and sustain economic development of these countries. By abdicating their roles in the international arena to non-state actors such as multinational corporations, countries soon realize that they are no longer the central actors in international relations, resulting in substantial erosion of political and economic sovereignty. The multinational corporation Coca Cola, for instance, often uses its international relations shrewdness and globalized networks to dictate to developing countries how to implement tax regimes or whom to elect into a political office. Multinational corporations are often used by the home government to interfere in the affairs of the host government for political or economic gains (Smith, 2004). Many host governments in Africa, for instance, receive focused challenges to their sovereignty from Western Countries that use multinational enterprises
Introduction Several works of American literature reflect different aspects of human experience throughout history. Other literary works may have one idea or theme throughout the book, while others combine several themes together. Writers use different literary devices to express their massages and capture the attention of their readers. This essay shall focus on death as an inescapable human experience. “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” In a short story, “ An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge ” by Ambrose Bierce presents the death of the most pivotal character, Peyton Farquhar. Peyton denies reality of death as a way of postponing it. He goes into a dream whereby he escapes away from death when the weight of his body snaps the rope. Peyton also swims to a safe ground under heavy gunfire where he returns to his farm. This is rather a short dream, but to Peyton, it takes several hours when he is escaping from reality and enemies. Bierce notes that we should embrace death since it is an inevitable part of human existence instead of escaping from it. He considers death a dignitary, which should be received by formal manifestation of respect, even by th
Literature Review Report Obesity is a serious health concern for the global population as the number of people gaining excess weight increases. Some prevalence patterns can be seen among people, suggesting that job-related factors can be contributing to the development of obesity. The practice gap addressed by this review is the lack of an obesity management program that would help pilots manage their weight more effectively and reduce the likelihood of developing comorbidities. Another problem that should be addressed through this literature review is the lack of knowledge regarding obesity, its dangers, and management of the clinic’s staff, which obstructs them from diagnosing patients who have weight management issues and advising them regarding proper interventions. This review proposes introducing a behavior change program that leverages behavioral change practices such as self-monitoring, goal setting, and breathing exercises. Current relevant guidelines for this topic are connected to the general health assessment that pilots undergo, either once a year or once in six months, that evaluate their health, risk of cardiac disease, body mass index (BMI), and other relevant metrics. Relevant search questions that relate to the patient problem and gap that were identified for this review of literature are the connection between the specifics of a pilots work, such as being away from home, not being able to cook homemade meals, stress, night shifts, or irregular patterns of work and adverse health outcomes. This paper aims to examine the existing literature on the topic of lifestyle issues connected to the pilots’ work and propose a suitable intervention in the form of self-monitoring. According to the Centre for Health Protection (2019), in Hong Kong, approximately 29% of individuals aged from 15 to 84 have a BMI of over 25, presented in Figure 2 and Figure 3 presents WHO statistics for the worldwide population (“health facts for Hong Kong,” n.d.). The relevant statistics regarding obesity are presented in the Appendix as Figure 3 and Figure 4, which suggest that there is an overall increase in the number of individuals with general and abdominal obesity in China when comparing the data from 2004 and 2011. The Hong Kong government recognizes the importance of weight management since they introduced the Towards 2025 program that aims to teach the citizens healthy behaviors, such as diet and regular exercise (“Towards 2025,” 2018; “Change for health,” n.d.). The following guide by the government of Hong Kong, titled “Healthy Eating” will be used to teach pilots the eating behaviors that can help them control their weight (“Eating healthy,” 2019). Additionally, some downloadable materials describing healthy eating will be used in this intervention, including FDA’s, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and CDC’s information (“The food pyramid – A guide to a balanced diet,” n.d.; “Nutrition education resources and materials,” n.d.; “Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP),” n.d.; “Dietary guidelines for Americans,” 2010; “Division of nutrition, physical activity, and obesity,” n.d.; “Center for health protection,” n.d.; “Restaurant,” n.d
Literary criticism is a personal perspective of examining or analyzing an authors’ literature. It’s the understanding and approach towards an author writing a critical essay. “Battle Royal” is one chapter in Ralph Ellison’s novel “invisible man”, which was published in the year 1952. Although, the story of the ‘Battle Royal’ was first published as a short story by the English literary periodical Horizon and it was given the title of “The Invisible Man” in the October 1947 copy of the publication in their journal. However, the novel “invisible man” gained Ellison popularity and fame as the foremost novelist of the twentieth century (Napierkowski. Vol.11). About Ralph Ellison chapter “Battle Royal” from the novel “The invisible man” he poses an astonishing picture of brutality, lack of experience, and an internal skill or capacity that is drawn on occasionally a picture that signifies the intensity behind the establishment of the practice of racism and the sadness involved in the fight for an equal right in the society (Book Rags & Gale’s). In the novel “Battle Royal” the narrator stated that he was told that he took after his grandfather. He further mentioned how his grandfather caused most of his predicaments in the early years of his life. Recollecting back to his grandfather’s statement on his deathbed, he said his father was called to his grandfather’s deathbed and said to him “Son, after I am gone, I want you to keep up the good fight”. The narrator remembered being told that his grandfather advised his son that life is war, and he has been a traitor since birth, he further stated that the grandfather said “he has been a spy in the enemy’s country ever since he gave up his gun in reconstruction” (Tyson, p. 260). I agree that due to his unconcerned attitude towards his grandfather’s advice and remembering the advice that his father was given, on the dying bed by his grandfather it always haunted and ruin his chances of triumphing, this symbolizes the disobedience from not taking to his grandfather words on the determination of becoming independent of the white man who he talked about on his dying bed. In the novel “Battle Royal” Ralph Ellison mentioned how they were blindfolded and arranged for a wrestling competition with nine others. Looking back at the incident the writer said they were “blindfolded with broad bands of white cloth,” felt humiliated and dejected for the treatment they received from the white folks in that they were blindfolded making him lose control of his emotion and believing that there is an equality difference among them and the white folks and lack of dignity. Looking back at the novel one will notice that it shows how the writer was living in a world of immorality and that he lived in a dark or blind society. I agree with the writer for believing that he was living in a world that he does not have a say or was being underestimated all by the name of racism and power (Werner). In Ralph Ellison’s novel “Battle Royal” he narrated how he constantly remembered the speech he was to deliver and how he felt to now given the privilege of delivering it before the fight. From his statement, at first, he had no co
Introduction The Sale of Goods Act of 1979 is a law adopted by the UK Parliament to ensure the protection of consumer rights and business contracts. In this work, I examine its origins, scope, structure, key principles, connections with other laws, and amendments. Background The Sale of Goods Act of 1979 was preceded by The Sale of Goods Act of 1893. It regulated trade contracts and determined the rights and duties of the selling and buying party. While honoring the principles mentioned in a trading contract, the Act focused on those rights and responsibilities that were not explicitly stated in a contract (“Sale of Goods Act, 1893” 1-26). The Scope of the Original Act of 1979 The new Sale of Goods Act was adopted by the British Parliament in 1979 after it was decided that the existing legislation does not address consumer rights and cannot protect consumer interests in their entirety. The new Act was far more universal than the old one: it integrated the contract law of England and Wales based on Lex Mercatoria and the UK commercial law, as well as it included the positions of the former Sale of Goods Act. It was not only regulating business contracts but also protecting consumer rights (“The Sale of Goods Act” par. 1). The original Sale of Goods Act of 1979 provides protection to consumers and buyers who sign contracts for goods supply. Under the Act, a buyer is guaranteed high-quality, sustainable goods that correspond to the standards existing for this kind of goods. The Act regulates the name of the goods, the correspondence of their features with the initial description, the quality of goods, their fitness for the stated purpose, and the actions regarding goods sold in sample (“The Sale of Goods Act” par. 2-3). The Act allowed consumers to sue retailers in case if a purchased item did not correspond with the requirements stated in any section of the Act. However, the Act did not and does not apply to manufacturing. In case the sold goods violated the Act, a consumer could sue the retailer (the company that sold the item) but not the manufacturer (the company that produced the item) (“Sale of Goods Act” par. 9-13). Structure The original Sale of Goods Act consists of the Introductory Text, seven parts, and four schedules. Part I specifies the contracts to which the Act applies. Part II explains how a contract should be formed. Part III states what effects a contract has. Part IV explains what rights and duties a buyer and a seller have. Part V discusses the rights of an unpaid seller. Part VI explains the rights and responsibilities that follow the breach of a contract. Part VII contains supplementary information, and the schedules contain the modification of the law to certai
Introduction As many people put it, feeling down and sad is usually a normal part of life. Sometimes one will have to get the blues from time to time and that is ordinary in life. Many times when one feels down it may not be as a result of depression rather it can be instances of stress. Mild to moderate levels of stress works as an effective means of helping one focus in the job he/she is doing since it increases the worker’s concentration. However, when stress persists and grows to levels of depression it leads to low productivity of the workers and unexplained disorderly behavior of employees. Without treatment, symptoms can last for a long period and this can affect the productivity of the worker and how he or she relates to other workmates. Sometimes, depression may begin at once or grow gradually depending on the conditions one is exposed to. Although people do not experience depression in the same way, there exist common symptoms that people exhibit when suffering from stress and depression. When in a working place, these symptoms include either personal changes or work place changes. The personal changes include hostility, signs of withdrawal, chronic fatigue, and drug abuse while the work place changes may include among others; difficulty in making decisions, lack of enthusiasm for work, and unusual increase in errors at work (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2004). The effects of depression range from the relationship between the co-workers to the productivity of the worker. Existing evidence shows that depression affects the productivity of an employee in the working place and some puts the estimates on the costs at $51.5 billion a year in lost productivity and further additional $26.1 billions spent on medical treatment (Cross, 2006). Additional evidence indicates that “1.8 to 3.6 percent of workers in the United States of America labor force suffers from major depression” (Goldberg & Steury, 2001). With such higher percentage of people suffering from depression, strategies need to be employed to ensure the working conditions remain conducive for everyone. Other writers like Pazur (2007) also indicate that “225 million workdays are lost annually and productivity decline to depression” (1). Robert (2003) indicates that more than “19 million American adults (9.5% of the population) suffered from the disorder in 2001” (1). This shows that the extent of losses made may vary and affect the different companies conducting business in the United States of America. Managing depression in a work place thus becomes a basic etiquette for any company that wants to succeed. This study will aim at understanding the effects of depression in the work place and how it can be managed and then develop a matrix that will help in predicting when one is suffering from instances of depression and what needs to be done, for
Introduction: The Force of Habit One of the most enchanting novels in the American literature, the piece by Cahan offers a plunge into the world of the usual. All soaked with the binding routine, always repeating, always the same, the book is a perfect study of human’s nature in terms of everyday life. Although people tend to be original and outstanding, the routine and the mundane life take them back into the life of the ordinary. With help of the traditional stereotypes, Cahan manages to create the specific nowhere-to-run atmosphere. Stereotype Me: Learning to Think It is quite peculiar that all possible stereotypes can be traced at every level in Cahan’s creation, starting from the mundane family life and business relationships up to the stereotypes concerning nationalities and national features of character and behavior. With help of these tiny details, often almost invisible, the author creates the impression of striking reality. Yet at the same time the reader understands that what Cahan suggests is the mock-reality where everything is a grotesque, and where people watch their reflections in a distorting mirror. What bursts upon the eye immediately is the traditional idea of various nationalities. For instance, the lead character, Leizer Lipman, is a perfect specimen of a Jew as they are often depicted – living in a foreign country, yet running his small but successful business: The shop was one of a suite of three rooms on the third floor of a rickety old tenement house on Essex Street, and did the additional duty of the family’s kitchen and dining room. It faced a dingy little courtyard, and was connected by a windowless bedroom with the parlor, which commanded the very heart of the Jewish markets. Another traditional picture of a national character is Lipman’s wife, Zlate, a woman of East European descent. According to the widespread myth about the Slavonic women, she is rather humble yet hard-working, a real helping hand for her husband. Another issue which the author touches upon is the prejudices and myths concerning work. Zlate mistakenly gives orders to her husband’s employee, considering the latter her own “errand boy” as well. Creating certain conflict, this small detail sheds the light on the stereotypes learned at the mother’s knee. Although they could seem absurd to the people of different culture, they are still a part of someone’s life; they are practically a part of someone, to be more precise. It is obvious that once Zlate or Lipman abandon their prejudices and stereotypes, there will be only empty shell left, not the people, for stereotypes are often what people’s lives depend on. The Secret Shelter from Vulgarity Another common stereotype which the author considers is the shame of saying sorry. As Lipman decides to apologize to Beile, he feels quite uncomfortable and realizes that he might have no heart to continue what he started: He armed himself with a fib to explain his conduct. But all in vain; he could not nerve himself up to the terrible meeting. And so day after day passed, each day
While selecting a college or university, I had to go through the following steps of a decision-making process. First, I recognized a need to achieve a degree in a certain field to secure my future and get new knowledge and skills. Second, I performed the information search. I looked through school websites, joined College Week live to get more information and contact the representatives of colleges and universities directly, and used Google search to find schools that provided certain courses. Third, I had to evaluate the list of colleges and universities that I worked out on the previous step. To do that, I compared the benefits and specificities of each school, such as professors, courses, scholarships, tuition and fees, etc. Additionally, unlike the other retailers, colleges and universities also have requirements for their client. Because of that, on the evaluation stage I had to consider these requirements, such as GPA and test scores, and my ability to fit them. The fourth step was the choice. Unlike the situation with profit retailers, when a customer should select one company, I had to choose several schools since there is no guarantee that a student would be admitted if they choose one. After I had made my choice, I visited the campuses of the selected schools. Finally, I was admitted in one of them and proceeded to the loyalty stage (Levy et al. 105). My decision was extensive due to the following reasons. First, school selection was a serious step in my life. Next, I did not know the range of retailers in this sphere well, which presented a serious risk to me. Finally, the decision-making process was long, and I invested a lot of time into it. Works Cited Levy, Michael, Barton Weitz and Dea Watson. Retailing Management . 4th ed. 2014. Toronto, Canada: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Print.
Management is fundamental human resource in an organization which indulges in giving the directions to the organizations operations. Management is classified into three main classes for effective administration and efficient production in the company. The classes are top level management, middle level management and first level management also known as first line management. The most interesting and appropriate level of entry in Hershey Foods is as an operations supervisor which is a first line level management. This will give me an opportunity for progressive lineage motion along the managerial ladder to the top level management over time. As an operation manager I will have the first touch with the workers involved in operations of the company and therefore the daily operations of the company is one of the key responsibilities. The maintenance of discipline among the operations employees will be my task at this level in conjunction with the middle level management. The company’s objectives and goals are spearheaded by operations manager though they are not actively involved in setting the goals. Motivation of the operation workers is also another key responsibility of operations supervisor. This is the first line management because it is the lowest level of management where the employees are linked with the company’s management. Having worked in the company as an operation supervisor for considerable duration and gained enough skills on the company’s operations, I can then successfully join the middle level management as an operation manager. At this level I will be able to take charge of all the companies operations and thus have all the operations supervisors report to me on the activities of the operations. The goals and the objectives of the operations department is also a key responsibility. I will also act as a link between the first line management to the top level management. I will also be involved in the decision making for the company since I will be equipped with the information of the company’s daily operations. This position qualifies to be the middle level management since the scope of management is greater and at the same time there is direct communication to the