ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Bacteria can be very important since they are used in making some products like wine, beer, yogurt, and cheese. However, in large amount and depending on the kind of bacteria, they can be extremely unsafe or risky. It is very hard to eliminate fully microorganisms or bacteria in any product and it is recommended that they should be reduced to suitable and safe levels. Therefore, sterilization and pasteurization are preferred to be used to reduce bacteria in food and other products. The challenges experienced during both processes are the measurements of temperature. Measurements on the apparatus do not often resemble the actual temperature, for instance, inside a package, a can of food or in the middle of a ham. Unlike sterilization, pasteurization is not designed to eliminate all bacteria or microorganisms in the product. Rather, it intends to reduce the amount of possible pathogens that are possibly to bring about diseases. Commercial-scale sterilization of food is not often common since it negatively affects the value and taste of the food or product (Bechara, 2007, p. 31). Some kinds of products, such as dairy products, can be extremely heated to make sure that pathogenic microbes are eliminated. Sterilization process is intended to eliminate all pathogenic impurities and all other microorganisms which are able to produce under standard storage temperatures. The survivors of this process will be those microorganisms which does not pose health hazard and only produce at raised temperatures. Sterilization is the full elimination or destruction of bacteria, but the process of pasteurization is to purify adequately to create the product safe without the need of harming its taste or digestibility. Few microorganisms or bacteria can survive in a temperature over 157° F (Bechara, 2007, p. 31). However, others have the ability of reproducing by generating spores which often defend against extreme heat since these heats destroy the bacteria. Dry heat eliminates bacteria often with high possibility only at a temperature of 284° F, while pasteurization process reduces pathogens in food. Milk which has undergone pasteurization still may contain certain amount of bacterial pathogens. Pasteurization is considered to increase the product’s temperatures to temperatures between 155° F and 170° F and can sustain this temperature for around 20 minutes, and then followed by cooling process. After the process has been achieved, all the harmful bacteria or microorganisms are supposed to be eliminated. The pasteurization is performed for an extended period, about 170°F, and is intended to destroy just heat sustainable microorganisms and their spores, whereas sterilization is carried out at temperature of 250°F and is intend
Having a close confidant makes life more interesting and easier. Therefore, a good friend is a big bonus in our lives. However, an especially disturbing aspect is that it is very difficult to find or keep good friends. Sometimes friendship develops much quicker but does not mature into a relationship that stands the test of time. A best friend is not just a person who has the right traits, but one who has qualities that sum up to a true friend. Although I have varied relationships with people, I believe I am a good friend. This paper explains why I find myself as one of the best friends you will ever come across. Life has taught me that being a good friend is not a bed of roses. Taking time to nourish a good friendship is an even bigger hurdle. Nonetheless, nurturing a friendship is worth every effort. During our stay on this earth, some people will stand by our side while others will not. I am part of the small population that makes their friendship count. Of course, I cannot look for a good friend if I cannot make one. I must be that good friend I want to have. This requires from me a lot of effort, goodwill, and care. There are stories of people who had many friends surrounding them when they were at the top. However, there were none left to console them after their downfall. My personality cannot allow me to treat a friend this way. The difficulties we face in life should strengthen a friendship rather than kill it. A number of outstanding traits make me a true friend. These qualities combine to form my character. My honesty, as a friend, is also a culmination of these traits and other values. Loyalty, intelligence, and sensitivity are some of the qualities that q
Introduction For millions years back since the beginning of time, humanities have been part of human existence. Even cave men who are commonly known as the early man, were known to use wall paintings inside their caves either to communicate or keep records. Be it art, music, painting, sculpture, literature, drama/theatre, dance, architecture or religion, they have either in one way or the other played a big role in influencing the lifestyle of particular people (Ernst 20). The magnitude to which humanities affect the culture and rituals of particular communities around the world is tremendous and quite interesting. For example, the way Indians observe death is not the same way that West Africans observe death and therefore insinuating that humanities assist in giving people around the world some sort of identity that differentiates them from the others. Definitely, were it not for interaction between different communities and civilizations that come from different parts of the world, then it would have been impossible for the entire society to enjoy the benefits that have arisen from elements of humanities. Literature from the Bible and other religious books have changed the way people think and behave and has therefore changed the lives of billions of people by influencing both morality and how legislation is made within these regions (Ernst 27). Consequently, it is therefore true to conclude that human culture and values are molded by these dimensions of humanity. Elements of humanities in one way or another directly or indirectly contribute to the way a society behaves. Sometimes it is even possible to find a link between the way architecture and sculptures within a given society are particularly related and the way they go ahead to define the way people leave. Because the Greeks were known to construct quite tuff buildings that were considerably tall and well anchored them simply used the same methods to build big and tuff statues and sculptures that represent their gods (Jones & Sidwell 44). Ancient Egyptians are remembered for their linguistic skills and literature, called the hieroglyphics, which was among the first most complicated writings in the world that made Egyptians have the ability to keep very accurate records of various occurrences within the society with a high degree of precision. Just imagine the high level of ambiguity that archeologists and linguistic experts would face today if the Egyptian societies did not use their linguistic skills and literature to make carvings inside the walls of the pyramids or even use the same on scrolls that have been recovered through time by archeologists (Ernst 62). It is in the same way that Egyptians were able to develop a scholarly society and even ma
Introduction The Anglo-European perception of hearth and home, which is the traditionally-accepted view in west-dominated literature, revolves around a vivid and romanticized view of the physical space and place (Shelley 2004). In it, the home being described as an ancestral house, a castle of one’s own, a place where memories, traditions, and family are intertwined (Shelley 2004). This tradition persevered the test of time, to the point that even today, many contemporaries share a version of that view when asked about what home means to them. Nevertheless, the Victorian perception of what constitutes the concept had undergone severe changes in the 19th century, when the heart of the British Empire saw a significant wave of migration into the metropolis from its colonies in the form of Indians, Africans, and Chinamen (Hall 2002). Prolonged engagement with other countries slowly dismantled the inherently nationalist and traditionalist perceptions of what constitutes home, creating a dissonance of behavior in individuals that had to travel outside of the British Isles, being reflected in. This paper will examine how the middle-class notions of social propriety and social mores are challenged in Conan Doyle’s The Sign of the Four and Stevenson’s The Beach of Falesa . The Evolution of the Concept of Home in Victorian Literature as Shown by Doyle and Stevenson The concept of home in the Victorian era emerged during the 17th century, which was the start of the British imperial expansionism into the Americas as well as West India (Shelley 2004). The perceptions of home, thus, were first separated from the mundane day-to-day living for those who had to travel long distances away from the Isles, in order to either secure these colonies, do trade, or engage in maritime employment. These included soldiers, merchants, sailors, and colonists, among many others. Examples of such could be seen in both The Sign of the Four as well as The Beach of Falesa. In Sherlock Holmes’ adventurers, one of the protagonists (Doctor Watson) is a veteran from the Afghan wars (Doyle 2016). The story itself is also full of individuals that were connected to India. All of the individuals that constituted “the sign of the four” were from that, as well as the deceased Captain Morstan, Colonel Sholto, and his son, Thaddeus Sholto (Doyle 2016). It is through the former two that we start seeing the classic romanticized perception of home – it is where the family and their people are, a place where cultural roots are strong. Morstan’s letters back home are filled with love and nostalgia, as were those of Colonel Sholto (Doyle 2016). Both, at the same time, were involved in the British subjugation and control of India, which was known for its brutality (Herbert 2008). These men did not see India as their home, despite having lived and served there for many years. The colonies were perceived as plac
Admittedly, any form of art reflects major trends in the human society. Paintings, plays, films and cartoons contain most important values which are propagated. Anime is a very specific form of cinematographic art as it is closely connected with Japanese culture. Anime is based on the major “worldwide artistic traditions of twentieth century cinema and photography” as well as “such Japanese traditional arts as Kabuki and the woodblock print” (Napier, 2001, p. 5). This form of art is very popular in Japan and it inevitably touches upon major issues existing in the contemporary Japanese society. Thus, Spirited Away is regarded as one of the best works by Hayao Miyazaki who managed to recreate the entire Japanese society with the help of his fantasy world. The film touches upon some of the most important issues existing in the contemporary Japanese society. In the first place, it is important to note that anime is a mainstream phenomenon in the contemporary Japanese culture. Napier (2001, p. 7) claims that this type of cinematographic art “cuts across generational lines to be embraced by everyone from children to grandparents”. Therefore, it is possible to state that anime (and, of course, Spirited Away ) is for Japanese people and about Japanese people. Admittedly, Hayao Miyazaki understands the power of anime and makes his creation very didactic, i.e. he makes viewers think about really important things. One of these things is maturation of the young Japanese. Napier (2006, p. 288) claims that the protagonist of the anime becomes a model for “today’s generation of apathetic Japanese youth.” Miyazaki’s call to act and be more sincere, more active and more helpful is certain kind of evidence that Japanese society (at least, young generations) lack of these traits. The dedicated protagonist of the movie is a very inspirational character that makes young people more active and responsive. Apart from the didactic component of the anime, it is full of references to the contemporary issues that exist in the Japanese society. One of the major issues that are manifested in the anime is cultural identity of Japan. One of the most suggestive moments are moments when Chihiro and Haku talk about their names. Haku repeats several times that people become slaves when they do not remember their names (Miyazaki, 2001). In other words, Miyazaki stresses that it is necessary to remember who people are and cherish their culture or else t
Definition of Risk Aversion Risk aversion, also referred to as risk avoiding, is the likeliness of an investor to take the investment with a lower risk rather than the investment with a higher risk, given that the expected return for the two investments is the same. A risk-averse person is often not willing to take risk. This person would rather stick to low but guaranteed return investments rather than go for high return investments which are not guaranteed (Baker, 2011). Why Rational Investors are Risk Averse Normally, most investors are risk-averse. This is because; people prefer certainty to uncertainty when it comes to money matters. Rational investors prefer to remain risk-averse so as to minimize their exposure to the worst possible outcome. Risk-averse employees would rather work in an organization where they have job security than engage in self-employment venture which has a higher rate of income. This is because, even though self-employment has the potential of bringing in a lot of money, it has the risk of losing the entire venture in time. If a risk-averse investor is faced with the option of either investing in equities or a bank account, the investor will prefer to invest in a bank account. Even though, the equities have the possibility of a greater rate of return, most rational investors would go for the lower but guaranteed rate of return (Kolakowski, 2012). Am I or My Firm Risk Averse? Why? Most risk-averse investors make their investment decision by putting a lot of weight on the worst possible scenarios. However, the worst possible scenario has a low probability of ever occurring. Depending on the location where I grew up and the economic climate prevailing, I tend not to be risk-averse. It is necessary for one to know that not being risk-averse is like gambling. In gambling, one can never be sure of winning. One has to consider how much one has to lose in the worst scenario and how many times the ‘gambling game’ will be repeated. If there is an opportunity of repeating the ‘gambling game’ a number of times, then the worst and best scenarios tend to balance. The need for one to be risk-averse comes in when the ‘gambling game’ is only repeated a couple of times, or its not repeated at all. One should also be risk-averse if the venture is too high such that one may not afford to lose. Therefore, depending on the venture, I would choose whether to be or not to be risk-averse ( Risk Averse , 2012). Does Risk Averse Vary by Geographical Location? Experience of an individual play a huge role in the person’s level of risk aversion. Individuals who grew up in very harsh economic environments tend to be more risk-averse than individuals from well developed economic climates. It is evident that people from countries which have been undergoing challenging economic times tend to be more risk-averse ( Risk Aversion, 2012). People who were young in the 1930s during the
The level of customer satisfaction is enhanced through the provision of high-quality products. It is axiomatic to argue that a myriad of customers are usually aligned to a specific company if they believe it offers the right quality products. Management of various firms should, therefore, ensure that all quality controls are put in place at all levels of the production process. According to Argüden (2011, the, the) quality management process is the outlined methodologie sthah are designed by a firm to ensure that all the outputs are in line with the aims of the organization. Therefore every company has a set of drafted expectations on the kind of products to be produced.The Quality management process should be encouraged to ensure that all the planned firm objectives are implemented. The process will also ensure that the deliverables /outputs meet the clients’ expectations. The analysis of this paper will be based on the quality management and process at Frito Lay Inc. andthe Coco-Cola Company (Argüden 2011). Frito Lay Inc., a North American based company, is involvedn ithe n manufacturing of various lines of potatoes. The primary brand produced under Frito Lay Inc. includes ruffles, chips, chseee-e flavored snacks, Fritos corn cps,ps and walker’s potato crisps. The company began operationsn ith1900’s and has since expanded to a myriad of countries globally. The operations at the company have been designed in a very simple manner to impre, thee theon quality othe f produ match isre being manufactured. Given that these products are consumed directly by customers, the management is very strict when it comes to quality management. The quality control starts at the planting prossce,ss where their suppliers ensure that they plant potato gradetiatch are required by the farm. As potatoes arrive at the company premises, they are washed. The potatoes then und rgthe o peeling prossce,ss after which they are sliced before rinsing them. Samples of the potatoes are taken into the laboratory to ensure that they are free from any disease. Potatoes are then cooked in natural oil with subsequent packing. At each and every stage, the management ensures that the staff is assigned to ensure that the best is received from the operations. (Doolin 2011) Ithe n Coco-Cola Company, the management puts a lot of focus on ingredients and materials which are used during the entire production process. With operations in almost all continents globally, the company has ensured that all its operations are regulated, boteli,,ng and distribution processes constantly reviewed. This is done to ensure that the products meet the client’s expectaonson. To ensure that this quality is met, the company operations are governed by the Coca-Cola Operating Requirements (KORE). KORE assists in integrating the company’s objectives with the metrics to check on the pe
The book written by Paul Cohen in 1997 represents a historical narrative written on the subject of the Boxer Rebellion that took place at the turn of the 20 th century in China. It lasted for 2 years, from 1898 to 1900 and had religious motives and the motives of purity of culture as its main source. The approach the author takes to the narration is rather extraordinary – he himself stipulates his attitude to outlining historical events and assumes that a historian can never be correct and objective generating his/her own reality as compared to the events that really happened: However counter­ intuitive it may seem, I would argue (and I believe most practicing historians would join me) that the history the historian creates is in fact fundamentally different from the history people make. No matter how much of the original, experienced past historians choose or are able to build into their narratives, what they end up with will, in specific and identifiable ways, be different from that past (Cohen 3). The specificity of the book is already shown by its name – Cohen at once focuses on the historical event in three keys – the rebellion as an event, as an experience and as a myth. The first part is mainly concentrated on the thorough chronological recollection of the events that preceded and followed the rebellion, the rise of Boxers and the role of Taipings in the life of China at that period of time, their Christian basis of religion and the power they experienced before the Boxer activation (Cohen 14-56). The second part of the narrative is built up in an absolutely different way – it is concentrated on the people’s re
Introduction Greek and Hebrew traditions show a number of differences with respect to their leaders and the masses they led. Most aspects of these ancient civilizations contributed significantly to the development of western culture. Joseph as the leader of the Hebrew influenced most aspects of their culture and tradition. For instance, their religion being Christianity Joseph had a divine role to play in that society. This paper explores both the Greek and Hebrew cultures how they differed and how they contributed to western culture. To begin with, it is important to note that the Greeks unlike the Hebrews gave great importance to an individual for instance their leader Achilles was even granted godly qualities and was very influential in decision making. They, therefore, gave the man a lot of powers over the natural world. For instance, their rulers could have control over everything and nothing could stop them. On the other hand, the Hebrews believed in one God who gave them wisdom through their leader Joseph and made them have fear of supernatural forces like the ones in the God of Joseph. Main body The Hebrews practiced monotheism whereby only one God was worship. In this tradition, the one God was Unique and was a representation of good and good things. This is still the case in the western culture but this belief system has been abused in the western culture which has come up with a lot of evil doings which are propagated by the people and the leaders. The Greek tradition had many gods with human-like qualities a true representation of the physical world. In case of any misfortune, it is the gods who took the blame unlike in Hebrew where God was characterized by good. The Greeks perceived their gods to be the cause of their misfortunes yet they themselves were the causes. Their belief that God is the giver of everything in terms of good is still evident in western culture. Joseph taught his people how to avoid sinning because in heaven everybody will have to carry his own cross during the judgment day. This is unlike the Greeks who felt like there was nothing like sinning as it could be seen even some of the gods engaged in sin. The people were not responsible for their bad actions, unlike the Hebrews who feared the judgment day where everybody will account for their actions. This has contributed significantly to the moral decay of western culture. People engage in sin without caring about their responsibility for instance adultery, murder, robbery, and prostitution are very common in western culture. In the Hebrew tradition, a leader was considered to be a symbol of God. They believed that Joseph was chosen by God Himself to show them the way to salvation and eternal life. Therefore the people thought Joseph to be working for the overall good of his people. This is unlike the situation in the Greek culture whereby the leaders are in their positions just for personal glory. This is characteristic of the western culture where politicians are in their positions just to satisfy their selfish interests. The Hebrews are cha