ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In 1981 President Ronald Reagan depicted the economic situation in the USA as critical. While American citizens suffered from excessive taxes external debt was 934 billion. The government had already exhausted two other ways out from the deficit by borrowing money into the market and printing money which led to the increase of the inflation rate. As a consequence of the economic crisis, the American market of autos, steel, and other products also experienced great difficulties, especially in contrast to some other countries. The government’s ability to renew plants and their equipment was stifled by other expenses. America faced the threat of a potential trillion dollars debt on conditions that the previous economic politic would last further. Though The President’s speech depicted the situation in the American economy as long as “with high inflation and a faltering economy, 1980 began on a shaky note” (Buder, 2009, p. 344), speaking rationally, it was excessive: “though many of the problems of 1970 related to the structural change from an industrial base to a postindustrial or service-oriented economy” (Buder, 2009, p. 343). Still, the public demanded changes in the guideline of the economy and Reagan promised better times. The perspectives of the tax burden-reducing inspired many American people. The main idea of the act lay in the idea of costs compensation by the income which would come thanks to the tax decrease: and the economy would gain from the fact that money would proceed to a turnover. Reagan promoted the increase of productivity rates. To gather funds for started several reforms in the government reducing costs and “benefits to those who are not qualified because of need” (Reagan). Though Reagan did not promise quick relief he insisted on the implementation of a tax relief package: “I shall ask for a 10-percent reduction across the board in personal income tax rates for each of the next 3 years” (Reagan). In general, Reagan’s economic politics was intended for the implementation of free-market values as well as the downsizing of government expenses. Reagan and his economic advisors decreased investments into welfare programs, tried to stop excessive taxation, and re-direct money for stimulating growth to balance the budget. Reagan’s reform system sometimes reminded a pendulum which oscillated from taxes reducing to rising with each swing of the pendulum. Economic passed through the new recession. The number of unemployed Americans fluctuated from worse to better and vice versa. Though the recovery was not for the benefit of the majority of ordinary workers as long as they did not feel any substantial improvement, it still gave some changes for the better. Later the President started the deregulation policy in all spheres of the industry which substantially reduced prices and stimulated the American economy. Though in 1981 President’s words contained enough generalizations and promoting slogans they also included many facts. Although the Reagan administration created an optimistic picture of a relati
John Donne was an English writer widely known for being the most prominent member of the metaphysical poets. “He affects the metaphysics, not only in his satires, but in his amorous verses, where nature only should reign; and perplexes the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of philosophy, when he should engage their hearts, and entertain them with the softnesses of love” (Cotterill, 1994). Donne’s poems are famous for their enthusiasm of language and resourcefulness of metaphor and his writing style is exemplified by unexpected beginnings, a variety of paradoxes, ironies and disturbances. The themes of his poems mostly deal with ideas of true religion while expressing deep emotions for living a pleasurable life, enjoying what it may offer. He is famous for his secular poems as well as erotic and love poems exhibiting his proficiency of metaphysical conceits (Gale, 2011). Donne is considered an expert of the metaphysical conceit, which is a comprehensive metaphor that unites two vastly diverse ideas into a distinct idea frequently using imagery (Greenblatt, 2006). His works are witty, using paradoxes, retorts and subtle analogies which make them ironic at the same time skeptical especially regarding subjects of love and human nature. Donne’s poems contributed to the shift from classical to personal writing style (Dickson, 2007 ). This paper aims to provide an analysis between the connections of sacred and secular love using John Donne’s four (4) chosen poems namely love poems “The Broken Heart” and “A Vindication: Forbidden Mourning” and divine poems such as “Sonnet 10” and “Hymn to God the Father”. In his poem, “The Broken Heart”, Donne discusses about how love is so powerful that it can destroy men’s hearts. He elaborates this idea by comparing it to the terrifying sickness of his time, the plague, and a monster that destroys humans when hearts are broken. He also describes how love ruined his heart and being. He warns his readers how after a heartbreak the heart still remains whole, never breaking physically but like the shattered remains of a broken glass of a mirror, one can still reflect on the warmth and affection love once brought but the heart can no longer feel love or is able to love another. The poem is an example of the poet’s metaphysical style and usage of imagery emphasizing the importance of a shattered heart through exaggeration. In connection with the sacredness and secularity of love, the poem presents man’s love and the end of it as something earthly for it remains impermanent though the thought of love still occurs even though it has already gone and had left hearts broken. A personification of sacredness of love is evident in the end though in only memories and thoughts are left to the man whose heart had been broken. In the poe
Introduction First of all, it is necessary to mention, that efficient management of venous leg ulcers symbolizes an important medical matter and a key consumer on imperfect monetary reserves. The investigation has shown that the mainstream of ulcers can be persuaded to cure by the request of sufficient stages of continued adapted compression though this method is never designated for the curing of ischemic sores. Bandages differ very much in their aptitude to offer continued density owing to dissimilarities in their arrangement and the content of elastomeric fibers. Another component, such as limb perimeter and form, will also have a significant impact on the heaviness manufactured below a compression bandage. The offered article explains a categorization scheme in which bandages are classified according to their purpose and performance, to facilitate the option of a suitable result. Impasse or injury to the venous system will originate disturbance to standard blood flow, which may reveal itself in several various means by the size and degree of the injury. If the regulators in the shallow scheme are injured, a venous return will be damaged and blood may collect in the veins making them turn out to be swollen, leading to the structure of varicosities (varicose veins). If the purpose of the perforator regulators is damaged, the function of the calf muscle thrust will tend to reason blood to flow in the overturn direction into t
Population growth combined with the limited resources of the mainland United States may force authorities to seek new spaces to accommodate residents. Almost all the territory of Santa Catalina Island (almost 90%) has been identified as a conservation area (Knapp, 2014). The rest of the island has been used for residential, commercial, and recreational areas. The population of Santa Catalina Island is approximately four thousand people, and all residents are involved in the hospitality, real estate, or construction industries (City-Data, 2018). However, the island can accommodate more people. When considering the related policies, it is important to take into account various environmental and economic issues as the area is at a distance from the mainland and has a significant environmental and historical value. This paper includes a brief analysis of the possible expansion of the communities situated on Santa Catalina Island. Possible Areas for Accommodation of Newcomers Areas that have been inhabited for decades include Avalon and Two Harbors. The latter is a small community with approximately only 300 people (Catalina Island Chamber of Commerce & Visitors Bureau, 2018). Avalon has a population of almost 4,000 people who reside there year-round (City-Data, 2018). These areas are the most favorable spaces for residential habitation, which means they can be further developed in order to accommodate new inhabitants. Two Harbors can be expanded to host up to 5,000 residents, and Avalon can become home to 20,000 people. The residential and commercial areas will be closer to the coast. The lands of the existing botanical garden should remain part of the conservation area, and the expansion should not exceed 25,000 people as available resources are limited. It is necessary to give attention to other important aspects. Water Shortage One of the primary concerns of the authorities and the people living on the island is a shortage of water. For example, the residents of Avalon must live according to Stage 2 rationing guidelines, implying restrictions that apply to washing streets, driveways, and parking lots (Sahagun, 2015). The residents have expressed mixed feelings regarding additional development in their community. On the one hand, they hail the authorities’ plans to construct new tourist attractions as an important and desired step. As mentioned, most of the island’s inhabitants depend on the tourist industry, and the more visitors come,
Introduction The 10-1 approach is designed method aimed at integrating critical thinking, reading and writing about issues and scenarios in our culture. This approach mostly helps one to get well structured ideas in the process of analyzing and synthesizing a phenomenon. For the process to be a success there are some thinking skills brought into play. Writing is enhanced as it is treated as a tool of thought. This is to mean that for writing to be effective and quality, thinking should be used as a way of directing writing. Also writing is perceived as way of learning and it is viewed that as learners write, they are in a position to learn. In essay “Joyas Voladoras” by Brian Doyle speaks of hummingbirds and hearts, the life of whales and the life of man, it also speaks of life, death and the experiences in between. In other words, it examines the similarity of every creature on Earth, which is life is not infinite. Then the question remains on how the matter has been tackled and the procedure use with accordance to the 10-1 approach by David Rosenwasser (Rosenwasser and Stephen 56). Discussion There are different methods given by David Rosenwasser for analyzing the frame of the mind. The first one is analysis which is not taught at any point by a lecturer but is learned as the learner interacts more with the lecturer and writings. Rosenwasser tries to bring out the meaning of analysis and what it does as concerned with class work. This is the first principle in use and there are five analytical moves that are aimed at understanding and perfecting on analysis. The insinuation of this article is best demonstrated via the following sentence: “The price of their ambition is a life closer to death; they suffer more heart attacks and aneurysms and ruptures than any other living creature” (Rosenwasser and Stephen 56). It’s expensive to fly. You burn out. You fry the machine. You melt the engine. each living thing on the globe has roughly 2 billion heartbeats to expend in a life span so that it can develop unfathomable thoughtful of scrutiny whereby a individual will be a position to make a distinction between an argument or case, synopsis and other writings. The second method used is the counterproductive of mind. This tries to bring out the fears of uncertainty and actions that are blinded by the habit. It also looks at the judgment side of the mind as in analysis and the way of generalizing and personalizing ideas and assumptions. Two things are compared; opinions and ideas. It may be easy to have opinions but not ideas. The two latter words are complex with d
Grammar entails learning rules which dictate how best to apply language and is a segment of the wide-ranging verbal communication studies known as linguistic. In order to develop a good writing skill, it requires one to appreciate the grammar set of laws though several students find it uninteresting, difficult and tedious to learn these rules. Nevertheless, there are many ways which can be employed to different students of different ages to make it interesting and fun to study grammar. All these ways have to do with presentation that is how the subject is brought up to the students. One of these ways is teaching grammar through use of ‘fun learning games. This is a strategy that can best be employed to students in an ESL classroom. When for instance teaching a topic on punctuation signs, a teacher may use this strategy by grouping the class into two, and take one group at a time for presentation. Using a written sentence, the teacher will give every student in that group a particular
Introduction Benefits of effective assessment Effective assessment involves proactive review of the instruction delivery strategy and feedback from learners at the beginning, during execution, and at the end of a course. Reflectively, effective assessment has several benefits to the faculty in the form of improvement facilitation in the form of analysis, development, and implementation of series of activities. Since effective assessment is offers information on the learner skills and level of knowledge in relation to a course or topic, the faculty may be in a position to create instructions that are aligned to the set of skills or knowledge that learners must acquire at the end of such a course. As a result, the faculty will be able to substantiate the scope of thinking that resonates with the level of the course (Woktczak, 2002). Since effective assessment is intrinsic of the reliable data and needs of the learners, the faculty may be in a position to review feedback from learners to test the successful learning indicators against the current instruction methods as a prerequisite for effective instruction delivery. Besides, the faculty may be in a position to pin point the future directions that the current instruction delivery and content may be developed towards a more effective learning experience (Woktczak, 2002). In addition, effective assessment may motivate educators since the parameters of the assessment captures evidence on the level of improvement among the learners at the end of a course. Faculty culture and assessment opposition The elements of faculty culture that would cause faculty to object to different assessment models and techniques include intellectual resistance, minimal support, resistance to change, and imbalances in the cost-benefit analysis within the faculty environment. Under intellectual reluctance, some faculty members may oppose some assessment models that they perceive as inconsistent with values and norms. Besides, the faculty members may develop a negative perception of the magnitude of support within the faculty against the expectation of each assessment criterion (Woktczak, 2002). When the level of support is perceived as too low, there may be resistance to embrace certain assessments models that are considered to be too demanding. The degree of instability as a result of different changes within a faculty may compromise the ability of some members to implement certain assess
Lindsay Lohan is one of the young successful actresses in Hollywood. She was ranked #3 on the Forbes list of Young Hollywood Top-Earners with $6 million. Media portrays her one who parties heavily at various nightclubs and social events. She had three car accidents in 2005 which were widely reported (Rogers 1). In a highly publicized interview with Vanity Fair magazine, January 2006, 19-year-old Lindsay Lohan admitted she has experimented with drugs and suffered from bulimia. However, declaring that she is over drugs, she credited her boyfriend Saturday Night Live’s Lorne Michaels with saving her from the bulimia. She blamed the stress of newfound fame, her break-up with That 70s Show’s Wilmer Valderrama, and the nightmare divorce of her parents for causing her to go off the deep end. In 2007, Lohan has been in and out of rehab twice since the beginning of the year, managing to wreck a Mercedes-Benz between visits to the Wonderland Center in January and the Promises Malibu Alcohol and Drug Rehab Treatment Facility in June. The car crash, over Memorial Day weekend, also resulted in a drunk-driving charge and charge over possessing cocaine (TMZ 1). Why would such a young and talent woman who has tasted great success in her career resort to such undignified behavior? Thesis: Lindsay Lohan’s personality is one that can be explained by Freudian and Jung theories of personality according to which, she is a person who has a strong Id, a weak superego, high levels of creativity, a quest for the meaning of life and is extraverted. According to Freud, we are born with our Id that is based on the pleasure principle. In other words, the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. When a child is hungry, the id wants food, and therefore the child cries. When the child needs to be changed, the id cries. When the child is uncomfortable, in pain, too hot, too cold, or just wants attention, the id speaks up until his or her needs are met. The id doesn’t care about reality, about the needs of anyone else, only its own satisfaction. By the age of three, the child develops the second part of personality – the Ego. The ego is based on the reality principle. The ego understands that other people have needs and desires. It’s the ego’s job to meet the needs of the id, while taking into consideration the reality of
Comparison of cognitive and humanistic approaches with respect to their views on the curriculum The curriculum entails the means and materials with which students interact with as part of educational programs. There are numerous approaches to teaching the curriculum in schools, such as cognitive and humanistic perspectives. According to Ebert and Culyer, the cognitive approach of the curriculum focuses on the acquisition of knowledge, with curricula being typically divided into numerous distinct subject matter areas (183). In particular, this approach focuses on the knowledge, previous experience, and expectations of a student (Scholl, McGowan, and Hansen n.pag). In contrast, the humanistic perspective focuses on the needs, values, and self-concept/esteem of students. Ebert and Culyer point out that, humanistic approach “seeks to bring an element of value and meaning of education and to move away from the notion of education as the mere dissemination of information” (156). This perspective is based on the assumption that students’ feelings influence their learning beliefs. In schools that embrace a spiral curriculum, the humanistic approach is more effective in teaching students than cognitive perspective. Notably, the spiral curriculum is built “around recurring, ever-deepening inquiries into big ideas and important tasks, helping students to understand in a way that is both effective and developmentally wise” (Wiggins and McTighe 297). The humanistic perspective use of student’s knowledge, previous experience, and expectations can enable students to understand better the lessons taught in the context of a spiral curriculum than when taught in a cognitive approach. In contrast, the cognitive approach is more effective than a humanistic approach in teaching students in schools that embrace an implicit curriculum. The implicit curriculum entails lessons that emanate from the school culture as well as the attitudes, behaviors, and expectations of that culture (Ebert and Culyer 183). The success of the cognitive perspective is based on its congruence with the curriculum objectives. Two tasks for teaching grammar to intermediate level young learners Task 1: Using Story to Teach Grammar. First, the teacher should develop the listening skills of students. He/she should read an appealing story to the students. Besides, the story should be added to the class collection, and students are allowed to take it home for further reading. When an interesting story is repeatedly read, it reactivates students’ vocabulary and grammatical patterns (Cameron 175). This aspect provides students with opportunities to identify aspects of language use, which probably they did not understand in previous readings. Second, the te
Last year, MAFF manufacturing company completed a project that was aimed at expanding the assembly department. The project had taken a maximum of two years. The first step was the acquisition of the adjacent land from a neighboring company. This was due to congestion that was being experienced in the old section. Besides, the company wanted to eliminate the possibility of accidents in the assembly section. The aim of the exercise was to boost the production process of the company. This would be facilitated by an expanded assembly section. Secondly, there was the need to meet the company’s strategic plans for expansion after every five years. The other goal was to increase the number of employees that would ensure that extra output was achieved. The final goal was to create enough space in the working environment that would eliminate the occurrence of accidents. The expansion exercise was a project because it had many operations. Operations were executed daily for two years. This saw the completion of the expansion project. The exercise encompassed many activities that met the requirements of a project. For instance, the exercise had a start and finish date (Binder, 2007). It was started in May 2010 and ended in May 2012. Besides, resources were used to obtain results. Money was used to pay workers and purchase materials. Also, it had subprojects that contributed to the whole exercise. Thus, it was not a day-to-day exercise. Various organizations have different organizational structures. Organizational structures depict the flow of instruction or orders. They outline the hierarchy of the organization in terms of responsibilities. MAFF manufacturing company has implemented an organizational structure called a matrix organizational structure. This is appropriate because the organization has different departments. This has seen to it that there are established sections or departments including; the procurement department, production departm