ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Nature of Relationships between People and the Environment The relations that can be developed between people and the environment have been discussed by several sufficient writers for a long period. Many others are eager to share their personal experience and attitudes to this kind of relations. Still, not all opinions are clear and logical. In this paper, two different stories will be analyzed in terms of their possibilities to convince the reader to be careful with nature and all its gifts offered. The Land of Little Rain is created by Mary Austin, the author of several short essays about different landscapes and inhabitants with their intentions to promote environmental conservation. Robin Kimmerer is another author, who tries to connect different historical, philosophical, and environmental issues to prove the necessity to re-evaluate the relations people may develop with nature in his Skywoman Falling from Braiding Sweetgrass . Both stories help to realize that people and nature are interrelated, and sometimes, it is wrong to define the boundaries of these relations but enjoy the chances offered. The authors succeed in using different techniques such as questions, analogies, flashbacks, symbols, and personal points of view that help to deepen the reader’s understanding of their main thoughts and intentions. As a rule, society may be divided into three main parts: those, who support the idea to develop trustful relations between nature and people, those, who do not accept nature as something that should be respected, and those, who ignore the possibility of the development of this type of relations. Some authors believe that people deserve the right to co-exist with nature, use the gifts of nature, and develop personal skills and knowledge to meet the demands set by the land. Some authors admit the fact that people have to respect nature and make payments for the natural sources they have access to. It is very hard to come to the same conclusion and prove the worth of nature-human relations. The essays written by Kimmerer and Austin may be used to provide the reader with educative and interesting information on how the environment is accepted by ordinary people and if it is justified to develop relations between nature and people. The works by Kimmerer and Austin have one thing in common: they want to describe the role of nature in human life and its power. The authors use different literary techniques to involve the reader and share their understanding and imagination on the chosen topic. Some techniques are used to underline the uncertainty of the authors, and some ideas were used to underline the importance of their ideas. On the one hand, it seems like Kimmerer and Austin do not want to educate the reader but to describe the events and share their opinions. On the other hand, Kimmerer and Aus
Introduction Consumer Value Store (CVS) was started in 1963 to provide pharmaceutical services in America. It was located in Lowell, Massachusetts. The company grew quickly, and by 2002 it was ranked among the America’s largest retail drugstores. It had over 4000 functional stores, and its revenue amounted to $ 24.2 billion. However, its service delivery deteriorated with time as it increased in size. The pharmacy began losing customers frequently because they got dissatisfied with the services they received. They considered the service to be of low quality. As a result, the management got concerned and decided to form the pharmacy service improvement (PSI) committee to investigate the cause of poor service delivery and recommend strategies to overcome obstacles for smooth operations. This essay provides an analysis of the CVS pharmaceutical store, identifies its current problems, and provides recommendations for high quality service provision. Analysis From the interviews and observational analysis, the PSI team discovered that CVS pharmacy had three major problems, which needed attention for the pharmacy to deliver high quality services. The problems were associated with customer safety, waiting time, and customer care/handling. Those problems affected the daily operations of the pharmacy. In addition, the PSI team discovered that customers switched to other facilities at a high rate costing CVS a lot of revenue loss. For instance, in a span of one year, the pharmacy had lost approximately 7.2 million regular customers. The team also realized that filling the prescription had complications because almost a quarter of all the scripts had serious problems with the fulfillment process. Furthermore, the PSI team discovered that 40% of the customers staged complaints in a single eight-hour shift, and there was no professional staff to attend to their complaints immediately. This bigger percentage slowed down the fulfillment process making the customers throw abuses to the technical staff in charge of the pickup pharmacy section. The prescription fulfillment process was affected by the actions of some customers. The majority of them dropped-off their scripts at the pharmacy mostly in the morning in order to collect them in the evening after work. In the evening, all of them arrived almost at the same time each in need of his/her script regardless of the time he/she delivered it to CVS office. This caused longer queues and customer dissatisfaction. Data entry into the system after drop-off had a number of p
The book Following Muhammad by Carl Ernst can be well discussed as a literary attempt to make Western readers more comfortable with the religion of Islam and to expose what accounts for the ongoing transformation of this religion’s theological coventions, as such that has been predetermined by the objective laws of history. In its turn, this defines the book’s theoretical agenda, concerned with Ernst arguing that:  1. The Western view of Islam, as an innately wicked religion, is conceptually fallacious.  2. Just as it is being the case with Christianity, the religion of Islam never ceases being affected by a number of the socio-economic circumstances, which in turn determine the qualitative essence of Islam’s spatial emanations.  3. The notion of the ‘clash between (Islamic and Christian) civilizations’, promoted by American neocons (such as Samuel Huntington), is innately misleading.  4. The religion of Islam is nearing the point when it will inevitably undergo the equivalent of Christianity’s Reformation, which in turn would make this religion much more socially appropriate.  5. Most Westerners do not interpret the Islamic concept of jihad properly. Structurally speaking, Following Muhammad consists of six Chapters. Chapter 1: Islam in the Eyes of the West Ernst promotes the idea that, contrary to what many intellectually arrogant Westerners believe, the religion of Islam shares essentially the same theological ground with Christianity. Therefore, the fact that in the West, Islam is being commonly deemed ‘alien’ to the very spirit of the Judeo-Christian civilization, does not appear discursively justified, because: “By excluding Muslims from Western civilization, Europeans and Americans are claiming a questionable identity” (p. 7). The author reflects on the situation in question, as such that that cannot be discussed outside of what accounts for the intellectual legacy of ‘Orientalism’ – a literary movement in the West, which reached the peak of its popularity in the late 19 th century, when many European countries used to aggressively pursue with the policy of a worldwide colonial expansion. In order for the mentioned policy to prove effective, it represented the matter of a foremost importance for its advocates to dehumanize the ethnically visible populaces by the mean of referring to them as being utterly alien – hence, the phenomenon of many Westerners deeming Muslims ‘suspicious’ even today. Chapter 2: Approaching Islam in Terms of Religion Ernst suggests that, in order for just about anyone to be able to gain a qualitative insight into the very nature of Islam, as a religion, he or she would have to familiarize itself with what were the dialectical preconditions that predetermined Islam’s emergence, in the first place. As the author pointed out: “Religion can be understood only with respect to
Outlook and Biases of the Theodore Roosevelt in his “The Strenuous Life” Speech Theodore believes that to realize success, you must live a strenuous life. It is a life of hard work and taking risks without being afraid of danger. According to Theodore, this kind of life brings joy and is important for both the mind and body. While peace is important, it will not bring success if one is lazy. The whole document is based on nothing else but hard work. Whereas Theodore believes that leisure is important, it is after hard work that one should enjoy the fruits of his labor. In most cases, a rich man will teach his son the importance of working to earn a decent living. The kind of work a person does should not matter be it arts, research or science. People who only work for peace are not valued in America. A person who works his way through a difficult situation is of value to the nation. Everything in life is only gotten through constant effort. A simple life is not satisfactory in any way. The author is biased on what he believes to be a healthy state. For instance, to Theodore, men have to labor to provide for the family. However, a woman should be a housewife and give birth to the children. The children have to be taught from a young age to prepare and make them ready to face difficulties and not shy away from such responsibilities. Theodore is against those who do not try to achieve their goals. For example, to be a superpower, America has always been ready to go to war. The country fought many nations and always emerged victorious. The state has a strong military suggesting that America must involve itself in the global affairs. The assertion is where the document drives its theme of a strenuous life. There is no other life to live apart from the strenuous life, which is of benefit to the nation. He believes in his country’s power, greatness and thinks that without hard work, it would not prosper. Depicting the Subjects of a Particular Place Different subjects from diverse places are mentioned in the document, and each one has various traits. Porto Rico is a small island with people who cannot govern themselves. Thus, it has to be governed by America who should work with the people’s interest in mind. Cuba can govern itself and is an independent state, but the people there are not secure due to political instability. They will be governed by America until they restore order in the island. On the other hand, Philippine offers the greatest challenge to other states and the government. The island has three types of people namely pagans, Moslems, and Christians. These people are often at war and cannot manage self-governance. Hardworking individuals are described as successful, and people from Chicago are examples of citizens with the strenuous life and spirit. The Broad Historical Significance Theodore uses the history and origin of America to encourage his approach to life. He talks about the strength and workforce that created America. The Civil War illustrated the sacrif
Policing functions are performed within the local, state, and federal organizational levels depending on resources allocated and specific objectives which need to be achieved. Local, state, and federal levels of policing functions are mainly guided by existing laws which define the responsibilities of various policing agencies that operate on these levels. Therefore, every policing agency has a clear role to play, and its officers have to follow standards that have been put in place to guide them in their duties. This essay discusses three main levels of policing and the functions they are required to perform according to the laws established. Local Level At this level, law enforcement agencies perform basic law enforcement functions, and they are based in locations that do not have serious law enforcement issues. Most local police units are run by sheriffs or county police departments, and they are mainly charged with providing security in communities that have low populations. Law enforcement officers in such jurisdictions have strong working relationships with members of local communities, and they constantly engage to find out solutions to various issues they are facing. Since departments at the local level are not always fully resourced, law enforcement agencies are expected to form strong partnerships with community members to facilitate information sharing. This approach allows law enforcement officers to use the information obtained from community members to prevent suspected criminal offenders from taking part in the crime. However, in some instances, federal police officers do not share information with local law enforcement agencies (Walker & Katz, 2008, p. 52). In the long run, this leads to poor outcomes because local law enforcement officers have inadequate skills to deal with serious crimes that happen in surrounding communities. State Level At the state level of policing, law enforcement officers are mandated to patrol highways and to maintain law and order in metropolitan areas. State police agencies play an important role because their officers are expected to respond quickly to different distress calls to prevent serious crimes from happening. There are specialized enforcement agencies operating at the state level which exchange information with federal law enforcement agencies in the country. They have limited powers to investigate and enforce laws within their jurisdictions, and as a result, they have to rely on external assistance. However, lack of trust between state and federal law enforcement officers discourages collaborations between them, and this, in turn, leads to poor results. In some instances, federal law enforcement organizations disregard positive contributions made by state law enforcement agencies, and this leads to mutual hostility between the two parties. Federal Policing Level This level has policing agencies which are specialized to deal with different types of crimes that are linked with other crimes committed in diffe
Introduction It is no doubt that the advent of computers brought with it the issue of internet. These two important factors have influenced all phases of human life; from studying, eating, communication to fashion and design (Colussy, 2005). With regards to fashion design, the internet has been seen as an indispensable tool due to it various ability to support a number of activities in creating as well as marketing and selling of fashion. The paper thus seek to clearly bring to light the impact of internet has transformed the way in which design is consumed and traded. To successfully accomplish these advantages as well as the disadvantages of internet on design and fashion will be analyzed. Advantages of internet on design and fashion First and more importantly, there is fashion software already designed to help individuals quickly come up with desired designs. This is very important especially when deadline to be beaten is so close. The whole thing saves time; help provide room for creativity (Kawamura, 2005). Generally compared to the traditional way of doing things where a designer had to sketch on hard paper, these kinds of software makes it possible to have reduced paper work. It has also been suggested that with such an arrangement of using computers and internet, it is possible for designers to virtually meet and discuss in details how they can improve on certain designs. With such avenue of information sharing, it is possible for them to come up with products that are of highly quality hence more appealing to the customers. Additionally, with internet, it is possible to carryout window shopping behind the desk. Via the system one can quickly scan through fashion shops in major cities of the world even though the weather outside is not conducive. With the arrangement of making orders online and the ability to monitor the processing of the placed orders, buyers save the time as well as money that could have been used in visiting these shops (Kawamura, 2005). For instance one United Kingdom Company La Redoute has a site that makes its entire product available online. The price tags are also available. It is worth noting that online selling has made it possible for small companies to be globally recognized hence expanding its on market. As suggested by Colussy, 2005, internet has also made it possible for designers to receive instant feedbacks as well as suggestions and questions from customers. This has proved to be very significant in developing designs that suits their demands. Lastly and more importantly, the advent of internet has seen to it that there is increased reliability bas well as convenience in online shopping for fashion and design. It is worth to note that this usually comes with a lower cost of doing business on the side of
Introduction These people are known to be the ethnic community of Bengal, which is currently divided between two nations; India and Bangladesh in South Asia. Their native language is Bengali. The largest percentage of these people is bangles. In matters regarding religion, most Bengal people are Muslim, which bears the highest percentage of followers followed by Hinduism with a much lower percentage. Despite the two religions mentioned above, there are other religions like Christianity and Buddhism that are associated with other minor tribes. Bangladesh is the country with the biggest number of Muslims in the whole world and also among the highly densely populated regions of the world. In addition, it is also known to be poor. In this country, certain things are practiced; for example, cultural practices, religion, and the roles of different categories of people in the society. How women behave in the Bangla culture or Bangladeshi culture Since Bangladesh has a dense population, space is minimal and this would encourage crowding of people in residential areas and other places of interest such as urban areas. In that case, most public spaces are not secure and women rarely go to these places alone. They should be accompanied by men from society. According to their culture, Bangladeshi women are supposed to wear Saris. These are clothes which are made from the most expensive and the famous materials that are given by one woman of the village. Additionally, they should have their hair in a Beni style. Beni is a style whereby the hair is twisted into a bun. During the traditional wedding of women, which they call Purdue, women usually wear a bridal veil or a lengthy cloth, as a symbol of respect. They should also occupy or live in secret places where only male servants or relatives are entering. Women are not supposed to contact other
Introduction Operant conditioning is a learning system pioneered and popularized by Burrhus Frederic Skinner. According to it, the behavior of any living being is determined by the environment, more specifically, by the reinforcement and punishment after each behavior. According to Skinner, the systematic application of the reinforcement may be used to model the behavior. When implemented on a large scale, such an application can theoretically lead not only to changing certain behavioral patterns but to the creation of social structure, which, depending on the affiliation of the designer, may result in a new society, ranging from the extremely virtuous to totalitarian. Analysis To a certain degree, any society utilizes reinforcement and punishment to regulate the behavior of its members. However, it is possible to argue that the lack of ubiquity of this system creates disparities in the social structure. Thus, the first requirement for a society based totally on the Skinner’s principles of operant conditioning is the presence of the means for objectively evaluating the quality of any action. As such evaluation is in reality resource- and time-consuming, we will substitute it with a highly sophisticated algorithm that will presumably control all the social activity of the population by collecting data from individual transmitters. For example, the daily output at the place of occupation, as well as the simple politeness exhibited in a conversation will be counted as a behavior that needs to be reinforced, while the opposite will naturally be discouraged by the lack of reinforcement. The employment in such a society will be organized largely in the same way as in the contemporary world, with the exception of the currency. The money used by humanity today is largely comparable to the token economy proposed by Skinner (Kazdin, 2012). The currency is basically the secondary reinforcer, as it has no value in itself, but can be exchanged for primary reinforcers, like food. However, the concept of money as a dominant reinforcer, while offering a lot of advantages, has one critical point: it allows accumulation leads to inequity. In the utopian society, the money can be substituted by several “currencies,” each correlating to a specific type of human activity. For example, the social activity that is viewed as virtuous will be rewarded with one type of tokens, the productivity in creating quality goods and services – with the other, and so on. The “currencies” (working title – “mana”) will be neither interchangeable nor transferable between individuals, meaning that no one will be able to accumulate them or get leverage by exploiting the side he is particularly good at and ignoring the other, e.g. being
The use of force by law enforcers is a volatile topic, which draws sharp opinions whenever during discussions. It has been argued in several quarters that the use of force is illegal, irrespective of the magnitude applied by officers on duty. Activists have executed mass protests on several occasions, seeking legal clarification on the above-mentioned topic. Public police The law states explicitly that it is legal to apply reasonable force, which is indispensable when making an arrest. This has been the bone of contention, due to the ambiguity associated with the term reasonable. It should be noted that legal provisions of the United Nations prohibit the use of firearms by servicemen, except in instances of self-defense. This is mandatory due to the sanctity of life; hence, all attempts to violate this should be thwarted. This provision extends to the protection of the lives of civilians; especially when protecting innocent persons from looming death. The use of firearms is also allowed in case persons are guilty of resisting arrest. Whenever a culprit resorts to the use of force in the course of an arrest, the officer on duty is allowed to use his firearm in a bid to suppress the situation. In case the offender escapes the scene of a crime upon apprehension, the officer may also use force in a bid to restore order to the situation (Community Oriented Policing, 2010). An executive decree, which is issued by the head of state or government in response to a crisis, may sanction the use of force. This order may allow the enforcers to use brutality while preserving civility. It should be noted that these applications are governed by statutes, and are enforced in a systematic sequence of dealings. All in all, the indiscriminate use of force is illegal. International and local laws allow for a measured application of the same. The deliberate and mortal use of the devices is allowed under extreme conditions, where no other option was viable. Private security It is commonplace that private security officers encourage persons to behave in the desired way using their badges and uniform. They lack the lawful authority required to restrain or apprehend persons. This implies that their duties are confined to observation and relaying of information. Most of them are often armed with basic weapons, like pepper spray, firearms, or batons. Their operations are governed with a gamut of force, which refers to a sliding scale of officer participation that is mandatory to protect the property o