ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ideal society is defined as a society that operates under expectable standards ethically, morally, spiritually and socially. Such societies do not experience severe activities that are detrimental to human development and economic growth. The scholars asserted that for a society to be ideal it must be peaceful, there must be a deep sense of unity, it must be vibrant economically and it must be free from discrimination. In such a society human dignity is upheld and individual rights are respected. Such societies emphasizes on justice and fairness in all aspects of operation with an aim of protecting the interests of everyone. Individuals in ideal societies are also expected to behave more responsively. They should adhere to the set laws of the society, promote peace, engage in economic activities and embrace moral values. This is important in building strong and cohesive communities where individuals understand each other in a holistic manner. Ideal society and understanding of human nature As noted, achieving ideal societies, especially in the current environment that is characterized with ill activities, requires absolute determination and dedication by everyone. It requires a deep sense of understanding and adherence to set laws to ensure that sanity prevails in all aspects (Ballantine and Joan 324). This is significant since ideal society where individuals operate freely with strong unity of purpose cannot be achieved without adherence to legal obligations. Particularly, unity of purpose and absolute understanding of human nature can only be achieved if authorities in diverse societies accord everyone equal opportunities economically, socially and culturally. It can also be achieved when justice is administered effectively and human dignity is upheld through non discriminatory initiatives. According to scholars, achieving an ideal society where everything is done according to the expected standards requires individuals to examine themselves first. Individuals should assess their way of life, activities that they engage in and their thoughts since achieving ideal way of life is dependent on individual’s actions. When one’s actions are morally and ethically upright then he is bound to promote ideal lifestyle in a society. However, inconsistent actions and activities such as criminal engagements do not hold relevance in constructing vibrant societies with ideal benefits (Ballantine and Joan 329). Therefore, individuals must establish an
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States of America who was inaugurated into power in 1961. However, he was assassinated two years later on September 22, 1963 at around noon. He met his untimely death while he had taken a ride with his wife in one of the presidential motorcade. He was brutally shot by undistinguished persons. The bullet is supposed to have gone through his back and shattered a rib before exiting via his chest, striking his right wrist and being side tracked into his left thigh. Other eye witnesses hold that the bullet entered through the throat and not the back as it has been alleged. It was later confirmed that JFK was murdered by Lee Harvey Oswald who was latter killed by Jack Ruby even before trial. When the Oliver Stone picture, JFK, was released in 1991, it generated enormous interest in the possibility that elements of the federal government and the military-industrial complex, including the CIA, might have been behind the assassination, perhaps with financing from wealthy oil men and the collusion of the Mob. I am of the opinion that the investigation concerning the death of JFK be closed since every new investigation comes up with new evidence. It does not make sense proceeding with an investigation that has hit a deadlock. It is now more than 40 years since the assassination took place and the court has failed to prove and to hold responsible the person(s) who was responsible for the murder. This fantastic two demented gunmen scenario had the effect of highlighting one of the glaring weaknesses of the Warren report, which was its utter failure to establish a rational motive for Lee Harvey Oswald to have wanted to kill John F. Kennedy. This is the genius of the description of the gunman as demented. Since an insane person may act from irrational motives, the actions of an insane person cannot be expected to be cogent. While the Warren commission never actually maintained that Oswald was insane, its report strongly suggested that he was unstable citing various aspects of his personal history. There have been intermittent indications that Oswald was not demented. According to the commission there was enough evidence that Oswald was an undercover agent for the FBI, right up to the day of the assassination. Immediately after the assassination, a Dallas police officer was killed some few minutes after the murder of Kennedy. An eyewitness by the name Johnny Brewer stated that he saw Oswald standing about one mile from where the officer had been shot and that he acted suspicious. He further said that he saw Oswald walk towards the Jefferson Avenue after hearing the police sirens. This was enough evidence to convict Oswald although he did not even go for trial since he was killed earlier. This complicated investigation and if up until now the court has not been able to convict any person related to the murder then it is clear that no further investigation will be able to achieve the exp
Introduction The article “When it comes to risk management, think small” was authored by Patrick Burnson in January 2014. He discusses risk management in supply chains. The article explores the insights from different persons including Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Professor David Simchi-Levi. Others are Stanford University Professor Hau Lee and Rose Kelly-Falls of Rapid Ratings International in Indiana. Among the topics covered is solvency, supply chain management, supply chain risks, and the automobile company Ford Motor Co. Main Body US firms are largely focused on protecting asset-concentrated suppliers in the effort to mitigate risks in the supply chain. However, contemporary studies indicate that a correlation may not exist between the net amount the firm spends with a supplier and the profit loss the firm would incur if the supply were unexpectedly disrupted. The discovery challenges the typical business principle that likens the greatest supply chain risk to suppliers of maximum annual spending. According to Simchi-Levi (2014), the highest spending suppliers pose lesser risk to manufacturers compared to low-spending suppliers. In essence, suppliers that provide firms with comparatively low-cost components (smaller firms) are likely to cause the greatest impact when disruption occurs. Typical methods for the identification of suppliers and actions that present the greatest risks depend on the knowledge of the possibility that a particular type of risk circumstance will occur (Alexandru, 2014). Risks that arise from short work stoppage to a major disruption of supply exist on a range of rate of recurrence and inevitability (Burnson, 2014). In this regard, origins of low-probability with high-impact risk are challenging to calculate despite the fact that small risks are diverse, many and result in high losses to the manufacturer. The risk mitigation options are similar regardless of the kind of problem that occurs. Therefore, a statistical representation of the inherent risks ought determining the impact to the manufacturer’s operations if supply is disrupted as opposed to approximation of the probability of particular risks (Burnson, 2014). In this regard, Simchi-Levi develops a model that involves bill-of-material data, numerous layers of supplier relationships, operational and financial impacts, and recovery time for suppliers after disruptions. The removal of the nodes in the delivery chain results in the determination of the most appropriate substitutes in stock reallocation and the financial repercussions. The consequent analysis classifies suppliers into 3 divisions corresponding to the cost of individual components they offer and the financial outcome arising from their shortages. Simchi-Levi’s model indicates that extreme interruptions (over 50%) of the tier one suppliers will not result in loss. On the other hand, a disruption from 2% of
The movie “Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room” describes a real-life story of a company that was very successful and then went bankrupt. Enron was one of the world’s largest and most profitable companies. The specialization was in electricity and gas. But the fact that it stayed seemingly successful and in the positive, was false. It turned out that there were a lot of discrepancies in the accounting books. The losses were hidden and the profits were fabricated. When the company expected to have a crisis it somehow avoided it, at the same time gaining financials. The most shocking thing for everyone was that a company with such a reputation and stable assets could end its existence so quickly. As mentioned in the video it took six years to reach its peak of development and only 24 days to go bankrupt. The cover-up of losses was going on for such a long time that it became impossible to reverse the effects. Many investors and private people lost a lot of money due to Enron’s bankruptcy. Not to mention the twenty thousand people who lost their jobs through no fault of their own. The crash started when the records were analyzed and it was clear that some were grossly falsified. There were two sets of accounting books. Also there were offshore accounts, which would be used to hide the losses and then there were other accounts where the people responsible would collect their illegally acquired financials. There is even an example of several hundred companies being registered to one address. A clear sign of problems was evident when the blackouts began and the situation with California became known. It was much unexpected that such an organization would exploit the resources of a state in such a way, which could turn out to be so detrimental to the people. The video talks about the primary stakeholders and the outcomes that they faced. These are the people who were directly affected by the financial fluctuations and the investing of the company. These people were directly influenced by the manipulations that took place. Several telephone calls were recorded where it is possible to see what they did and what their attitude was. It makes it clear that they were not interested in the future of the company and that they felt in no way responsible. All their focus was on gaining more money based on personal greed, no matter what the consequences of their actions would be for the people working in the company or the company itself. Tertiary stakeholders are those who are not affected directly by the manipulations and fluctuations. These individuals ar
Introduction During the 19 th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels developed a world view theory referred to as Marxism (Player 165). So far, this theory has been severally reviewed by other scholars and political philosophers who have offered their own perspectives. Some of the inherent perspectives that have been developed to date include eco-socialism, Marxist humanism, feminism and Christian Marxism. As a theory, Marxism has four main elements that are closely related and which may largely assist towards understanding how society transformed as well as evolved over the years especially among the capitalist economies. As a matter of fact, some of the elements of change that have characterized transformation in society include materialistic approach to history, social class divisions, dialectical approach to historical changes and commitment to socialism (Player 166). It is also imperative to underscore the fact that during the very 19 th century period, Marxism was adopted as the main ideology in running the communist’s governments that were spreading all over the world. Initially, the ideology was first introduced in Canada by the British intellectuals and as a result, it ended up dominating the ideals and major principles of the socialist parties in the country (Player 165). However, it is evident that Marxism began to stagnate in the 20 th century due to several interconnected reasons. We may also not ignore to mention that since Marxism theories have been critiqued by scholars, certain pieces of opinions have also developed which tend to assert that these theories may not be suitable in the 21 st century (Hundelson 259). This paper explores some of the theories on Marxism and argues that the latter may not be suitable or applicable in the 21 st century. A brief overview of Marxism It is apparent that, in order to understand why Marxism is not suitable as a major ideology in the 21 st century, it is important to have an overview of what the theory is all about. It is also worthy to mention that, the proponents of Marxism targeted to fight self- emancipations that existed among the working class people. In a more subjective manner, it also aimed at eliminating any form of domination of the bourgeoisies against the poor in society. As a result, Marxism gradually progressed and came up with movements that fought against all forms of domination by virtue of gender, race and social class. According to the Marxists’ view, the only way of decimating manifold domination and exploitation was through liberating the working lass from being oppressed by rich employers. In the process, Marxism gave birth to a socialism movement that was destined to eradicate all forms of institutional
In order to treat mental diseases, medications that belong to the category of sedatives and depressants are actively used in medical practice. These specific drugs are prescribed because of their ability to reduce the symptoms of various mental illnesses due to slowing the brain function and decreasing anxiety. The group of sedatives/depressants covers medications including benzodiazepines and barbiturates, as well as non-benzodiazepine sedatives. Those individuals who are diagnosed with a mental disease may be prescribed to take sedatives/depressants because they affect the brain function, stabilise mood, and help to overcome the symptoms of depression, anxiety and insomnia. The facts that sedatives/depressants can be easily overused and they can provoke addiction in a short term allow for discussing the advantages and disadvantages of taking these drugs when having a mental health problem. The pros of taking sedatives/depressants are numerous, and these medications are among the most prescribed drugs in Western countries. The advantages include comparably quick and prolonged effects on a patient’s mood, behaviour, and the overall state. When taking sedatives/depressants regularly, according to the prescription, it is possible to decrease symptoms of a mental illness or eliminate them for a certain period of time. Positive outcomes associated with using sedatives/depressants include decreased headaches, slowed brain functioning, decreased alertness, anxiety and stress symptoms, the absence of insomnia, the stable mood, and relaxation. Thus, sedatives/depressants are popular choices for prescribing in order to achieve these outcomes and expected effects on patients. However, in spite of the presence of obvious positive effects for the health of individuals with mental illnesses, it is important to note that sedatives/depressants are often viewed as harmful. The reason is that these medications may cause addiction when consumed inappropriately. In addition, the problem is that tolerance to different types of sedatives/depressants develops rather quickly, and patients need to increase doses in order to achieve therapeutic effects. As a result, the risks of developing addiction also grow, along with threats of overdosing and even death. It is also important to note that sedatives/depressants have many side effects, such as dizziness, the loss of coordination, chronic fatigue, and nausea. When these drugs are taken for a long period of time and doses are high, they also provoke insomnia, rapid mood changes, aggressiveness, panic, breathing difficulties and hallucinations, among others. The high rate of side effects occurrence makes healthcare providers pay much attention to educating patients on how to take sedatives or depressants to treat a mental health problem. Furthermore, much attention should be paid to the specifics of consuming sedatives/depressants in combination with other medications. When consumed along with other drugs, sedatives/depressants cause side effects more frequently, and the overall risk of overdosing sedatives also increases for patients. Moreov
Sales and purchases of various products within the marketing realm solely depend on brand positioning and after sales reactions. The idea behind an informative advert is to express its product in as few words as possible but then achieve the desired result in a restricted period (Anderson, 2010). This paper drifts attention to Super Bowl adverts that use online methods in achieving public sentiment (Watch 2012 Super Bowl Commercials, 2012). Advertisers focusing on this system enjoy uninterrupted financial returns owing to the fast technology in place for wired activities. Customers visit user-friendly social site, blogs, and mobile applications to try out the advertised brands. Lately, experts tag ads alongside YouTube, twitter, Net log, and Facebook pages to distract the visiting customers. Super Bowl Commercials work with numerous products by defining public redress based on demographic and psychographic propositions in order to reach the target audience effectively. This means that the outcome of the advert depends on careful environment analysis and collective agreements between the shoppers and the advertisers. It capitalizes on cost effective measures in swaying the biggest crowd (Grewal & Levy, 2012). Notably, it uses legality in publicizing products ranging from politics, fashion and consultancy, fast food services, jobs, mortgages and retirement benefit packages, and cars. Limiting this discussion to the above-mentioned products, Super Bowl explores consumer needs and then comes up with new strategies to attain success (Watch 2012 Super Bowl Commercials, 2012). A recent look at its web-based campaign on McDonalds’ fast food joint expansion makes consumers realize the importance of advertising in present day economy. Most people associate McDonalds’ with junk foods bu
Recent years, population increase becomes the major problem for global community and states. It is known that over the last 200 years, world’s population has grown geometrically. 200 years ago there were about 1 billion human beings in the world in contrast to 6.4 billion at the beginning of the 21 st century. Scientists single out different causes and factors which influence population increase and life span. They suppose that population increase is marked by economic and social changes, technological and medical innovations, etc (Crus and Meyer, p. 65). Social developments led to increased possibilities of education and the opening up of a greater variety of life chances. Also, education and family planning reduced child mortality, increased family income and improved conditions of life. The process of globalization has had a crucial impact on information interchange and technology. Technology and medical innovations have become available for a wide target audience. The new methods of production gave less developed countries the opportunity “to jump” through the initial stages of development. Technological drivers include advances in transportation services and fast information exchange. The end of the 2oth century can be seen as a starting point to the global rivalry between nations, states and continents. This stage is connected with the increased volume of capital movements. Stratification systems and institutional structures ate the most vital underlying features of society over the last decades. Taking into account the population growth rates, it is evident that India has the highest rate – 1.606%. The place is occupied by the USA (0.894%) and the third one – Australia (0.824%). The negative population growth rates have Japan (-0.088%) and Germany (-0.033%) (Crus and Meyer, p. 22). Concerns about the relationship between population increase and environmental degradation are frequently focused rather narrowly on aggregate population levels. Yet, the global impact of humans on the environment is as much a function of per capita consumption as it is of overall population size. A century ago there was a great shift in production facilities and methods of agriculture. Increasing productivity through higher yield crops, and new geographical locations for crops allowed farmers to produce more food for the world’s population. The current social-demographic situation suggests that birth control is the only possible measure to reduce the global population and stop its fast growth rates. Primarily, the birth control programs should cover less developed countries and nations. The population of Asian and African countries should be educated on how to use contraceptive methods and avoid undesired pregnancies. Developments in biotechnology and genetically modified food over the last decade have been accompanied by often exaggerated food supply (Crus and Meyer, p. 72). Development, suggesting as it did social aspects such as increasing welfare provision and decreased inequality, had a particular and positive impact on groups such as children, the aged and indigenous peoples. New sources of