ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Research Design In undertaking this research work, a descriptive research design will be implemented to provide explanation to the criminal trend observed among the young people. In this case, the research will aspire to provide answers to the questions arising from the observed trend in which young people are getting involved in criminal activities. In this regard, the research will try to give reasons to why young people engage in criminal activities. To realize the intended objectives, the research design will employ various data collection methods which will enable the collection of reliable information for analysis. The descriptive research design will rely on interviews, questionnaire administration and surveys in getting information that is useful for the study (De Vaus, 2001). Interviews will be conducted in the crime prone areas which will be identified after an analysis of data from criminal agencies in the United States. This will ensure that relevant information is easily gathered from the people who are most affected by the incidences of crime from the young members of the society. Apart from the interviews, questionnaires will be distributed to a sample population to enable the gathering of more information related to crime committed by the young people. In addition, surveys will be conducted to shed more light on the aspect of crime among the young people. Therefore, this research will have to employ various tools of data collection including interviews, questionnaire and survey (De Vaus, 2001). Data Analysis Procedures This study will rely on qualitative data analysis in synthesizing the findings of the study. It is worth noting that qualitative data analysis is critical when aspiring to answer the how and why questions (Nolan, 1994). This analysis does not involve statistics which is the case in quantitative analysis. It has been established that qualitative research is used to study individuals’ attitudes, behaviors, value systems and aspirations among other social aspects (Lewis-Beck, 1995; Nolan, 1994). Since the focus of this study is to elaborate on the aspect of juvenile criminality, qualitative analysis can be identified as the most appropriate method to analyze the collected data in this study. After data has been collected from the interviews, questionnaires and surveys, analysis of the data will begin. First of all, the data that will have been collected will be sorted out before being made available for analysis. The sorting will ensure that irrelevant data that may have been collected is eliminated in the course of analysis. This also enables the research to achieve its intended objectives (Hardy and Bryman, 2009). Results Descriptive Results After a critical analysis of the data that was collected, it was found out that criminal behavior among the young people was affected by various aspects. First of all, it was revealed that high school dropout rate was closely related to criminal behavior among young people. In this case, most of the youn
ACME Distribution was founded in 1947 to address the logistics requirements for American conglomerates (White, 2008). The company has a well known philosophy that states ‘Doing It Right The First Time ’ (Murray, 2013). This philosophy has enabled the company to grow from the single-truck delivery it was used to be to the great delivery company it is today. It has a sufficient warehouse for its operations. In addition, the company is mainly operating in Colorado and California (White, 2008) The significant pain of the ACME company is the trouble to cover long distances in supplying their customers. All of the major customers who purchase goods from the company are situated far away from the company’s headquarters. For instance, for the company to deliver goods to PA factory which is in Charlotte NC, it has to incur the cost of covering approximately 497 miles (Blanchard, 2010). Considering that this is a daily transaction, the cost of production is increasingly becoming a challenge to the supplier. The load to be transported is 3,500 of supplies (Murray, 2013). An additional 2,500 pounds of is transported to Columbia in South Carolina as well as 1500 pounds of pumps to savannah, Georgia both on a daily basis. The table below summarizes the distances covered by the company in supplying their customers with pumps on a daily routine (Murray, 2013). From/To                       Mileage   York, PA to Columbia, SC *    571 miles York, PA to Charlotte, NC *   497 miles York, PA to Savannah, GA      667 miles Greensboro, NC, to York, PA*  402 miles Richmond, VA to York, PA      201 miles Greenville, SC to York*       591 miles  The cost of transporting this loads of supplies is a challenge to the company even without considering the logistics involved in ensuring that the goods are safely delivered to the customers. The least charge for a shipment would cost around 150 for a minimum of 499 pounds (Feller, Shunk, & Callarman, 2006). The company is incurring cost and at the same time compromising on its financial management scope. With the vast marketing activities involved in the chain of supply, the company is facing challenges in managing the tasks of manufacturing, promoting and supplying their products. The distance and the miles covered are hampering their effectiveness in performing their supplying duty. By description, logistics means the supervision of company procedures from purchase, cargo space, transportation, and delivery of supplies inside the supply chain. Any obstructions in the chain of supply can cause a late delivery of goods or overdue services that may force the company to suffer losses due to procrastination of production process. The circumstances imply that logistics administration is a significant department in a company because it shapes the success of the organization. The chain of supply in ACME is quite incompetent and very vulnerable to adverse malpractices. Such a system is vulnerable to loss o
The structure of the M51 galaxy is approximately ninety eight thousand light years in diameter which translates to almost 30, 000 parsec. This means that its diameter is equal to the distance covered going round the sun (30, 000*103,000) times. The M51 is 37 million light years away from the earth. Thus, it will take an individual thirty seven million years to reach the galaxy if travelling at the speed of light (Kaler 23). The beautiful colours that form the M51 galaxy are natural colours formed as a result of the intense star forming processes that take place at the galaxy due to the continuous compression of hydrogen gas to form helium and other new stars (Dreyer 62). This process involves the presence of very dark clouds of gases that are almost black surrounding the outer edges of the galaxy. The dark clouds are then transformed to pink regions which eventually form stars that appear in brilliant blue colours signifying the combustion of hydrogen. Thus, when viewed from far they do not appear like real colours, but in essence they are natural colours derived from a natural process. The similarity between the Milky Way and M51 is that they are both spiral in shape and cannot be seen by the naked eye (Tully 46). Furthermore, they appear blurred with shinning spots if viewed using a binoculars and thus one would need a very powerful telescope to see all their features like the ones in the photograph. They both have a very bright spot at their center which signifies massive star formation activities. I would never be able to travel to the M51 galaxy due to the fact that it is far away, and even getting a vessel to take me there will be impossible at the moment since the journey will ta
Introduction Distance Education is a field of education that uses teaching methods and technology such as correspondence, printed materials, teaching and learning aids, radio, television, and computers to impart educational instructions indirectly to individuals or group of students who are not physically present in a traditional educational setting such as classroom (Rao, 2007). Distance education is depersonalized for both the staff and the students since the source of teaching input and the learners are separated by distance and time. Due to its nature, the teaching behaviors and learning behaviors are separate, with the learners being guided by study materials prepared by an instructor who is at a different location. Also, learners and instructors mainly communicate through one or more media. Distance education is sometimes improvised with different forms of face-to-face meetings such as seminars, workshops, and sitting for examination at a given location with the presence of instructions. Distance learning is based on two types of learning technologies: synchronous learning and asynchronous learning. Synchronous learning technology requires the participants to be present at the same time, as it follows an organized timetable and resembles the traditional learning methods through the students are located in different location and is enhanced by facilities such as web conferencing, video conferencing, and educational television, live streaming and web-based VoIP (Rao, 2007). In asynchronous learning technology, students access learning materials at their own time, thus it is more flexible since there is no requirement of students to be present at the same time and is enabled by facilities such as mail correspondence, emails, audio-visual recordings, voice mail, fax and message board forums (Rao, 2007). The main advantage of distance education is that the course delivery mostly allows for accommodation of student’s time availability and removes hindrances caused by the distance a student is from the campus. A departure from the traditional learning methods in distance learning is the communication medium or online environment, which alters how the students and instructors interact. Due to the commun
It has been acknowledged that family is the major source of health-related beliefs. Clearly, parents’ beliefs regarding symptoms and possible treatment are transferred to children (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003). It is necessary to note that children are often influenced by other factors during their adulthood such as their education, intimate partners, and experiences. I had a valuable experience involving the effects families have on people’s appraisal of symptoms. A patient was to undergo surgery due to her varicose veins. The woman in her late fifties was African American of Nigerian descent, so I understood her rather well as we share a similar set of beliefs. The patient had endured pain for quite a long time, which is typical of this cultural group. Although the woman has had blood clots since her early forties, her daughter started noticing that the clots were becoming bigger in one area. The place also grew red in color, and the leg became swollen. Before that, the patient had used some herbal ointment. The daughter started asking the woman to see a doctor when the area became changing its color. When the swelling became apparent, the daughter addressed a doctor. This situation is rather typical of Nigerian people as they do not talk about their pain until it becomes intense. Even when I was a teenager, I tried not to show that I am in pain, but my mother still managed to notice that something was wrong. Although I do not support all of my mothers’ views on health, I still use herbs for prevention. Therefore, I have to admit that families have a paramount influence on people’s health-related views.
Introduction People can be divided according to different issues. In regards to “strong encryption” dependence, people are divided in those, who encrypt, and those, who do not encrypt. Nowadays, a number of discussions and misunderstandings take place around the term “strong encryption” and its importance for society. Many American states and several European countries support the idea of banning strong encryption. However, there are also such countries like Netherlands that are eager to give many facts in favor of strong encryption. The point is that not all people are aware of this term and its characteristics. Therefore, before defining strong encryption as a moral, legal, or even economic issue, it is necessary to comprehend it as a matter of social convention and make sure that all people know what social encryption means and how it may influence a human life. General facts about strong encryption It is easy to find a definition of strong encryption online and get an idea of what it means. However, even if the definition is memorized, not many people are able to comprehend its essence, worth, and possible impact on society. Strong encryption is a type of communication that can be protected and hidden against any kind of cryptographic analysis and available and readable to an intended group of people only. People try to invent and develop new programs and methods on how to recode information in such messages. However, strong encryption aims at creating a powerful protection. Much time and effort are necessary to decrypt the required portion of information. As a rule, not all attempts to decrypt information are successful. Strong encryption and morality The governments of many countries and the representatives of several American states admit that strong encryption is a serious threat to people and their security. In the light of the terroristic attacks in Paris and California, the Obama administration starts making several attempts to ban encrypted communication (Peterson par. 10). Politicians and military representatives want to change the conditions under which people may communicate and use the idea of safety measurements to support their positions. However, it is necessary to remember that the Internet belongs to people around the whole globe, and the governments do not have the rights to control it or define the conditions under which people may use it (Peterson par. 2). Many organizations try to raise the importance of moral issues in banning strong encryption. Strong encryption as a matter of social convention Still, it is necessary to understand that not all people know enough about strong encryption and the abilities people can get with it. Many people continue using the Internet as they did it several years ago and enjoy the possibilities they get. To make strong encryption an ethical issue, it is necessary to introduce strong encryption as a matter of so
Chronology of employment laws The Clayton Act was enacted in 1914, with the intention of establishing legal protection for organized labor. There was a need to assert the position of labor in the face of antitrust legislations, and this is what the law was intended to achieve. In 1926, the Railways Act was passed. It was meant to encourage collective bargaining among employers, and prohibit discrimination against unions. The Davis-Bacon Act was passed by Congress in 1931, to address the problem of wage payment in the construction industry. Its provisions required a contract for construction into which the federal government entered, to specify the minimum wage to be paid to laborers employed under that contract (Federal Labor Laws, n.d). In order to increase protection for union activities and collective bargaining, Congress passed the Norris-NaGuardia Act in 1932. The Act legalized strikes and other collective ways of dealing with labor issues, and also prohibited the enforcement of ‘yellow dog’ agreements or contracts through the courts of law. The National Industry Recovery Act was enacted in 1933, and congress intended to set standards of ‘fair competition’, by regulating regular working hours and wages (Federal Labor Laws, n.d).. The National Labor Relations Act-1935 was passed by Congress in order to regulate labor relations among employees whose activities affected interstate commerce, except those in the agricultural sector. The Act also established the NLRB, through which labor disputes would be handled, and prohibited employers from engaging in any of the prohibited unfair practices. In 1936, Congress enacted the Walsh-Healy Act, whose intention was to restrict the regular working hours, establish minimum wages and regulate the employment of children and ex-convicts (Federal Labor Laws, n.d). In order to introduce some limitations to the rights enjoyed by trade unions, Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act in 1947. The Act introduced measures to delay or avert ‘emergency strikes’ and prohibited the discriminative ‘closed shop’ practices of trade unions. The Equal Pay Act was passed by congress in 1963 to prohibit the act of paying different amounts of money to male and female employees, only because they w
Freedom of speech is one of the fundamentals of American society, where people value their right to express their opinion freely. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ensures people’s right to criticize others and reveal their ideas without the fear of being prosecuted or punished in any way. At the same time, this right is closely linked with a great responsibility to make sure that order will be safeguarded and people will respect each other (Lawrence III, 1989). Some argue that absolute freedom may be interpreted wrongly, which may lead to anarchy. These opposing views have been circulating for decades, and the introduction of campus speech codes has spurred the debate in recent years. The increasing level of violence and intolerance on campus has been regarded as the major factor that contributed to the development of specific speech codes (Lawrence III, Matsuda, Delgado, & Crenshaw, 2018). The central thesis of this paper is that campus speech codes do not violate free speech but help in establishing a favorable academic environment for all groups of students. Modern American society is now characterized by quite a high degree of violence and intolerance. Numerous news reports show sad pictures of race-based violence, people’s rights violations, and the spread of radical ideas. American educational establishments are also characterized by such trends. For instance, Lawrence III et al. (2018) emphasize that up to 70% of minority students have faced some form of ethnoviolent harassment on campus. In many cases, this type of violence is manifested in the use of hate speech and verbal offenses. Students of color, as well as other minority groups, cannot feel safe in any place as they may be victimized. Lawrence III (1989) draws a line between the modern harassment on campus and the segregation that plagued the U.S. educational system in the past. Contemporary students may face offensive messages or even hate speech on campus, which often leads to the potential victims’ unwillingness to go to some zones. It is noteworthy that these zones can be extended to dormitory rooms. Therefore, many educational establishments have come up with speech codes that regulate (to a certain extent) students’ behavior making it compliant with the principles of respect and tolerance. In order to evaluate these regulations’ effectiveness, it is necessary to consider their major features. Greenberg (2017) notes that the effort of educational facilities can be divided into three types: harassment policies, free speech zones, and policies (speech codes, civility codes, and bullying policies). Harassment policies usually come in the form of bans. Students are not allowed to conduct in a certain way
The cosmological argument refers to a theoretical squabble for the subsistence of God which elucidates that everything has a cause. The cosmological argument attempts to prove that God exists by stating that there ought to be an ultimate origin of all things. This can be elaborated further by a simple cosmological argument that states that all that subsists has a cause of its subsistence. It also states that the creation exists and thus, the universe has a cause of its subsistence and this being the case then, that origin is God and therefore God exists. The cosmological argument also tries to elaborate further on the dissimilarity drawn between the sorts of unit that the cosmos is and the kind of entity that God is. Bertrand Russell’s objection arguments are based on existence of God, his objections to customary arguments are neither chiefly deeply affirmed nor innovative. Russell clarifies five arguments for the subsistence of God. Among his spats include:  1. The primary cause argument  2. Innate decree argument  3. The argument from propose  4. The moral argument  5. Argument from the remedying of integrity Russell squabbles that the universe must have been founded and that the founder probably was God. In his argument he deals with two spats one of them asserts that God must be the source of ethical values and the other bickers that the honorable prejudice of the past ought to be put right by a post-historical verdict. In Russell’s opinion ethical arguments fail as he argues that there must be a standard for excellence and wickedness aside from God. In Russell’s view this was crucial in order to establish God’s goodness. There is no convincing answer to Russell’s argument as all his arguments are according to his understanding. In Russell’s spat it’s also clear to him that the sort of rational influence that he talked about moves people no one is moved by his argument. It is also apparent that what make people believe in God lays no where in his arguments but otherwise what moves people to believe in God is for the reason that they have been trained from an early life. Russell’s argument is not legitimate as faith is based largely upon trepidation as well as habit. Ontological argument is an argument that is wholly based on rationale and mainly aimed to the conclusions that God subsists. In ontological arguments usually no corporal proof of God’s existence ones opinion is enough to work out that God exists. Ontological arguments are usually from nothing but logical. The absolute conclusion to existence of God in ontological arguments bases on grounds which are supposed to draw from source and not from the surveillance of the globe. This argument tries to respond to the question of if God is real. Value system refers to a set of ideology as well as morals that oblige and direct ones manners. The personal value scheme gives one a reason and configurations by helping him or her establish what is evocative and vital for one. The system aids one articulate who he or she is and also what one stands for. A value system can also refer to a set of dependable moral value and more particularly the intellectual and pers