ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One of the standard facets of criminal justice researches is the collection of field data. While collecting the data there are some standard factors to be considered. Each project will be having some unique factors that determine how the field run would occur. One of the major aspects that have to be considered while going for data collection is that, the selection of the data collection team. Notifications, as well as travel arrangements, has to be made. While organizing the team the following things have to be considered. They are considered skills needed, time frames, and transportation issues. All the members of the team should be able to work as a team and their skills should be admired in nature. Freedom should be given to staff members about the choice of the team they would like to work with. Moreover, the assignment of a person with responsibilities of a group is compulsory; along with him the appointment of a backup leader will be most appropriate to meet contingency situations if necessary. Another important aspect to be considered is planning well in advance. The data collection team should be a well-trained team. Before going for field trips, it is important to plan the activities. This would help in collecting the data accurately and efficiently. Regular meetings and briefings with supervisors should be given priority. While going for field research, the following points are worth to note, they are, selecting the data collecting instruments for each subject, list of sites, subjects along with their contact information, geographical maps aiding the study of each site along with meeting places, and hotels, hotel reservations, and contact information. The leader that is selected for the investigating group should be having more experience than his team members. The leader should be responsible for holding meetings regularly for clearing doubts as well as making reviews and giving directions. During the orientation meetings, the leader should be supplied with samples of completed works so that they could examine these and suggest clarifications at the earliest. Critical and problematic locations should be noted and handed over to the most experienced members. It is an ideal practice to conduct a pre-data run briefing during the first week of collecting the data. All persons responsible for data collection should attend the meeting. Useful and valuable demonstrations can be made during such meetings. During these meetings, it should be clearly noted that all the data collecting instruments should be clearly explained. Moreover, all the coding and other related items should also be explained. There should be an open-minded approach to questions. Always reiterate the importance of providing the answer to each and every item. Every missing data should be noted and proper explanation should be sought. The staff members should be compelled to review each competed work immediately. It is also appropriate to remind everyone to keep a record of
Popular music has always been closer to the industry than it has been to art. The very term has become a synonym for selling out. The pop industry has never carried any relation to art, always pandering to the target audience to the point where it bordered on being obnoxious. However, music is only a tool, and it as used not only by corporate monsters to define the future trends for teenagers and adolescents, but also by the artists, who are willing to introduce people to new ideas, represent a new kind of art forms and stir a revolution in music. Nevertheless, when it comes to popular music, one must admit that it has never featured any elements of rebellion; even those artists, who were trying to deliver some fresh ideas, inevitably get caught into the corporate master plan and result in promoting the ideas that get green-lighted in the music industry machine. One might argue that some of the pop music representatives defy the very nature of pop music by creating the images that are interpreted even by an average viewer as gaudy, tasteless and, therefore, unattractive. The first example that comes to mind, the image of Lady Gaga is often viewed as controversial to the point where it might border a certain revolutionary concept, like denying glamour by pushing it to the breaking point, for instance. However, the specified case cannot be considered revolutionary, because, while mocking the current trend, Lady Gaga, like many other artists, who resort to the same technique, does not offer anything substantial or new instead. Therefore, her image is a clear-cut example of commercialization of music. True, the same cannot be said about such singers as Iyeoka (an African-American singer), Tango with Lions (a Greek indie and alternative music group), and a few more. The aforementioned musicians make admittedly authentic music, thus, introducing the audience to a range of new ideas, if not revolutionizing the current perception of music as it is. These artists, however, exist in a specific niche, which is too far from the mainstream product to introduce something new to the stage (Luvaas 96). It would be wrong to claim, though, that pop music witnessed or stirred any major revolution in the 50s and 60s or introduced revolutionary ideas to the society. Though some of the artists of the 50s and 60s are considered the representation of the fight for women’s rights, the calls against racial profi
Today, many organizations consider change and innovation as defining forces of their competitive edge (Hana, 2013). Nonetheless, cultivating any modifications in the large-scale organization is a complicated process associated with a plethora of challenges. Majorly, they pertain to internal inertia and resistance to change. Thus, the existence of this phenomenon leads to subsequent failure of the Balanced Scorecard’s (BSC) implementation. To discover the working mechanism of the BSC and resolve this problem, the essay will describe the BSC’s initiatives implemented at BAE Systems. The company was created as a result of a merger of Marconi Electronic Systems with British Aerospace, and today, it is one of the largest defense contractors worldwide (Murby & Gould, 2005). With the help of the analysis of this company, it is possible to see that the change endeavor requires the management to pay assiduous attention to employee resistance, as it is one of the major obstacles (Yilmaz & Kilicoglu, 2013). Thus, relying on the right strategy can ensure the sufficient integration of a new cultural initiative and its acceptance. In the context of this paper, seven steps of the BSC’s implementation will be described in the context of BAE’s cultural change program to understand potential approaches to deal with internal resistance while depicting a central focus on stakeholders as a key difference. In the end, conclusions are drawn to summarize the main findings of the essay. Analysis One of the central factors that triggered innovation at BAE was the implementation of the cultural change program. Apart from starting gaining profits since 1994, the management of the company defined its performance as “lackluster”, and this finding required them to focus on the development of effective control and monitoring mechanism to enhance its financial position (Murby & Gould, 2005, p. 27). They clearly understood that employees were the main assets of the company, and dealing with their resistance was one of the vital aspects of the change program. To support this process, the management relied on BSC’s framework and developed a seven-step process, and it helped them reach the alignment of the employees’ actions with the mission statement. The initial step was to evaluate the company’s position in the market and depict its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). The second step implied involving senior management in the decision-making process to review the key elements of SWOT (Murby & Gould, 2005). After that, the CEO selected 130 employees to implement the project (Murby & Gould, 2005). It could be said relying on this strategy is rational since employees are the core of all processes, and achievement of particular goals is highly dependent on their commitment and satisfaction (Irefin & Mechanic, 2013). These initial steps assisted in creating a bond with the workforce and managing change from the employees’ viewpoint while dealing with resistance simul
Overview The routine activities theory of crime was first postulated by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson. The scholars argue that the amount and distribution of predatory crimes – crimes committed against persons and in which the criminal tries to steal a valuable object – are directly related to the relations between three variables that replicate the routine activities of the American lifestyle. These variables include the existence of appropriate targets such as buildings that contain goods that are valuable and which can easily be sold; the lack of capable guardians for instance police, owners, and neighbors; and the presence of persons who are motivated to commit a crime. The existence of these three variables increases the possibility of the occurrence of a predatory crime. Targets are highly likely to be victimized if they are not well guarded and if they are rendered to a high number of motivated offenders. The increase in the availability and value of targets also increases the rate of crime (Felson & Boba, 2006). This paper aims to apply the routine activities theory of crime to a shopping center. The Site The site of analysis is a shopping center by the name “The Park Plaza Shopping Center”. The shopping center has many shops selling different types of products and services, from home appliances, groceries, office appliances, and electronic goods. The shopping center also has fast-food restaurants, the most widely-known one being McDonald’s. In addition, the shopping center has a branch of the Bank of America with an ATM machine. As a result, the shopping center is always a beehive of activity and serves different cadres of clients: home-keepers shopping for their families needs, businessmen and employees earning a living from the shops, and youths in pursuit of social activities with their peers. Assessment of the Shopping Center as a Potential Criminal Site The Park Plaza Shopping Center is indeed prone to high rates of crime due to the interrelation of three major factors. The first factor is the availability of suitable targets. The shopping center has many shops selling different valuable goods such as home appliances and electronic gadgets including phones and home theater systems. In addition, the majority of the shoppers who visit the shopping center have cars which they leave at the shopping center’s parking lot. This parking lot is large in size and caters to the needs of the high number of people who frequent the center daily. The goods as well as the cars are valuable in that a person can easily sell them and earn handsome proceeds from the sale. The second factor that makes the shopping center prone to crime is the lack of guardians in the area (Schmalleger, 2008). Despite the large size of the shopping center, it lacks a
Comments Defining the positive aspects of the project, one must give the developers credit for addressing the issue that seemed so versatile and complex at first with the help of a comparatively basic set of measures. Particularly, the fact that the initial pledge of the Tri-County concerned managing the increase in the number of pests (or as the report put it, “rodents and vermin” (Department of Environmental Protection. 3)) in the designated area deserves to be mentioned. As a result, of a detailed investigation, the problem regarding the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) was identified. Comparatively rapid and obviously efficient identification of the issue to be addressed needs to be listed among the key assets of the project. Indeed, a closer look at the waste management techniques adopted in Massachusetts will reveal that the problem had been brewing for quite long before it received the attention of the organization. Therefore, by voicing the concern and pointing at the obvious flaws in the current design of the state policy towards waste management, the Tri-County Project should clearly be viewed as a major foot forward in enhancing the sustainable management of the state resources. Unfortunately, there are some dents in the design of the project and the manner, in which it is approached. To be more exact, the width of the report needs to be brought up. As the very first report shows, a variety of concerns have been identified and raised at first; however, later on, the project was geared towards promoting recycling, i.e., addressing the issue regarding recyclable waste solely. Other issues concerning waste management, such as hazardous waste, were left unattended, even though the concerns identified in the process also determine health rates within the target area to a considerable extent. Indeed, recent studies report that the issue of non-recyclable hazardous waste is getting threateningly large and may soon grow out of proportions; particularly, electronic waste, also known as e-waste, seems to pose a significant threat to the well-being of the residents: When disposed of in the trash with other forms of garbage, E-Waste may be incinerated, thrown in a landfill, or exported to third world countries. Once abroad, E-Waste is often improperly recycled y untrained workers, who do not have the knowledge or resources to dispose of E-Waste safely. (Newton and Savoia iii) Specifically, “several probable hazards resulting from the disposal of prescription medications in wastewater” (Khan et al.) should be brought up as the most likely events in case waste is mismanaged in the Tri-County. Nevertheless, the recycling project, which the rep
Introduction Human health is a priority to individuals, communities, non-governmental groups, governments, and international associations. An effective planning process addresses the current and future needs of the people. Human health is an essential requirement, and individuals should invest in their well-being while the government lays necessary measures to provide health services primarily to vulnerable groups. The vulnerable population living at high health risks includes children, the poor, the aged, and people living with disabilities (Trusted Choice Team, 2020). The individuals in these categories have greater chances of being affected by chronic and other adverse infections due to their weak body immunity. Therefore, they should be protected constantly bypassing health bills that simplify their access to medical care. This study’s scope will be limited to a health policy relating to the geriatric population using Milio’s approach. The geriatric population is composed of the least productive members of society. Although they pay taxes during their years of employment, they no longer participate actively in the economic building at their advanced age. The World Health Organization (WHO) states the right to health as a claim to a set of structures that ensure everyone enjoys the rights (Baer et al., 2016). Governments should initiate healthcare measures that provide the aged access to health care services at a reasonable cost. Some of the steps may include providing health insurance plans for the aged and other health determinants such as proper housing, a clean environment, and sanitization. The provision of preventive measures for chronic diseases, pain-relieving medicines, and enough public healthcare institutions with quality services also favors health care for the geriatric population. Milio’s Policy Process Milio wrote resourceful materials discussing the health sector’s improvements and other industries that can promote healthy living. She states that the physical environment and behavior patterns significantly impact either promoting or hindering healthy living (Super et al., 2020). Some of the tools discussed by Milio as health-enhancing policies in other sectors include the development of social epidemiology, improved health education and health economics, and information technology (Super et al., 2020). She also discussed the role of love and power in promoting healthy living. Milio’s approach is applied in this study to examine the role of the environment in health-enhancing among the elderly societal members. The Environmental Policy Knowing an individual’s physical environment is crucial in preventing and controlling some diseases and infections common during old age. Prevention of some illnesses would be a better measure compared to managing the condition or even treatment. The geriatric population is very vulnerable to multiple functional impairments. Healthy
Competency in an organization is the ability to maintain a coordinated deployment of resources in an attempt to achieve the organizational goals. Managerial competency refers to a set of knowledge, behavior, attributes, and skills that a manager needs to posses so as to be effective in varied positions in different organizations. Managerial competence can be achieved through developmental experiences at work; this will enable a manger to become a successful leader and be able to address his/her personal weakness. An organization needs managers who are competent in order to effectively utilize the available human resources. Since globalization deregulation has taken place in many areas, it is necessary for companies to restructure their management so as to be able to survive as new competitors continue to come into the business. The complexity of running a business always requires knowledge and skills, this call for every manager to be competent (Hartley 34). Managerial competency is a way by which companies gain high performance by developing systematic and sustainable competitive advantage in a structural manner. Managerial competency incorporates organizational, economic, and behavioral concerns in a dynamic and systematic framework (Hellriegel, Jackson, Susan, and Slocum 42). Competence based approach presents six competencies. These competencies can be used by organizations to achieve organizational goals effectively. They include; strategic action, self-management, planning and administration, global awareness, teamwork, and communication. The six competencies are developed by managers in all types of organizations (Al-Kahtani 44). Managerial competencies are all aspects of life. In order for managerial competency to be effective, it is necessary for a company to be able to implement teamwork competency, communication competency and multicultural competency. Strategic actions must be taken in the process of planning and administration. Competency-based approach helps managers understand and improve their management ability to foster organization growth. Competence-based management also equips learners with confidence and skills to achieve management competence in their future careers (Hellriegel et al 34). Competence-based management blends theory and applications with innovation. For example, self-assessment helps learners to understand and develop their management potential; this leads to a more successful career later in life. For learners who wish to become better managers in their careers, the six managerial competencies are necessary in order for one to develop the necessary skills (Al-Kahtani 44). Integrated Self-assessment helps them to analyze and develop their own management potential for the success of their future careers. Managerial competence enables learners to compare their skills with other le
Quantitative methods are essential instruments of today’s empirical research. Descriptive statistics provide their foundation, as well as being one of the first steps to more complex analytical techniques. In the current paper, a set of descriptive statistics on the sample of blood sugar counts of male and female patients will be closely explored. Summary of Results Table 1 below summarizes the required descriptive statistics for the male and female samples of blood sugar observations. The five considered indicators are: the counts, minimums, maximums, means and standard deviations. The SPSS output on which this table is based can be found in the Appendix. Subsample  N  Minimum  Maximum  Mean    Std. Deviation Men        8  21       505      178.00  182.031        Female     8  61       390      118.50  113.339         Table 1. Descriptive statistics. It can be seen from Table 1 that a higher mean of blood sugar levels is observed for male patients compared to females (178 versus 118.5), which means that the better levels of sugar in the given subsample are associated with the female gender. At the same time, male blood sugar levels also show a higher variation in terms of both standard deviation and range. The difference between the maximum and minimum values was 484 for male patients (= 505 – 21) and 329 for female patients (= 390 – 61), and the standard deviations for the two genders were 182.031 and 113.339, respectively. The general frequencies for the two categories are equal to 8, and the more detailed frequency distributions are shown in the tables presented in the Appendix. It can be seen that each of the observations has a unique value, except for the blood sugar level of 68 for females, which is encountered twice. This observation can also be referred to as the mode of the considered subsample. The bar chart with gender at the x-axis and blood sugar levels at the y-axis is also provided in the Appendix, once again proving that the mean blood sugar levels for male patients are higher than for females. Application of Analysis to My Prospectus My DPI project topic is focused on the use of capnography during resuscitation of patients in coronary care units. The study includes the participation of patients from the experimental and control groups, and the inclusion of such variables as the level of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ), levels of awareness of capnography among nurses, and mortality rates. Descriptive statistics can be useful in this context in order to make a first step in evaluating the differences in outcome distributions between the two groups. One example of the use of descriptive statistics in a study related to capnography is presented in the paper by Bullock, Dodington, Donoghue and Langhan (2017, p. 459), where the authors explore the demographic and medical characteristics of the patients