ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The widespread and the availability of the internet facilitated the process of finding a particular material. In that regard, it can be stated that the benefits of the latter can be observed specifically during the process of conducting academic research, either individually or as a part of an assignment. An example of the latter can be demonstrated through a search assignment to find three books on the subjects of qualitative research design, quantitative research in education, mixed methods research. The present paper describes the search process along with the databases used to find the books on the required three subjects. In the cases of the three assigned subjects, it can be stated that all subjects can be used as keywords during the search. For qualitative research design, such subject was used as keywords in World Cat, without any delimiters in the keyword section. The only search modifications that were used are year, specifying 2005 as a starting point so that the database will return results only from the last five years, content, format, and language. All of the latter were put as non-fiction, book, and English respectively. The first result from this search query was selected, which is a book by Joseph Alex Maxwell, Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach (2005). The book is solely devoted to the subject of planning qualitative researches and design components. This book is available locally, with the nearest place being Gallaudet University Library in Washington, DC. For the second subject, Google Books was used as a search engine, with the search query entered in the advanced mode. The term quantitative research was used in the exact phrase field, while education was used as a required additional keyword. Other options used were English as a preferred language, book as a result type, 2005-2010 as publishing date, and res
Introduction In Chapter 6, “Minority Group Responses,” Vincent N. Parillo discusses the ways in which non-mainstream population groups develop their own identity that is largely based on race or ethnic characteristics. Despite the fact that the attributes of one’s personality can be a crucial attribute in outlining how an individual may respond to discrimination, in general, minority groups usually exhibit five distinct patterns of behavior. The first pattern is avoidance – a refusal or withdrawal from any interactions with other social groups. Deviance is a behavior usually exhibited by small portions of the population, although it may be an impulse to a negative stereotyping of the particular minority groups. The third pattern is defiance, which means either peaceful or violent protests against unequal treatment. Acceptance is linked to the assimilation and maintaining of a subordinate hierarchy. Lastly, the notion of negative self-image is linked to low expectations of a minority group and of lower confidence (Parillo, 2015). A dominant group usually can reinforce physical, social, and political separation upon a minority group. Irrational fear of foreigners and individuals of different backgrounds can often cause serious measures of a certain group expulsion. Expulsion results in the appearance of hate groups, the quantity of which has significantly risen in the recent decade. By the year 2014, there have been 939 active hate groups, with the dominant ones being neo-Nazis, Ku Klux Klan, and White nationalists. According to the hate map of the United States from the Southern Poverty Law Center, the largest amount of hate groups is spread over the states of California, Florida, Texas, and Georgia. Furthermore, the rate of hate crimes has significantly risen over the recent decade, numbering under 7,000 offenses a year. Anti-Muslim Hate Groups It is important to point out that the hate groups with an anti-Mulsim ideology have appeared fairly recently. The majority of them appeared after the World Trade Center tragedy on September 11th, 2001. The earlier anti-Mulsim groups were of religious background and opposed the position Islam’s on the global religious scale. An anti-Muslim hate group attributes negative traits to the followers of Islam, putting forward alleged accusations that the Muslim po
Quotation and Talking Points “Some of the most flagrant symptoms of social deterioration are acknowledged as serious problems only when they have assumed such epidemic proportions that they appear to defy solution”(Davis). This quote by Davis emphasizes the fact that the society has been able to deal with some obvious problems. However, it has not succeeded in addressing others which have unfortunately received approval from a section of the society. This trend has notably been championed by those individuals in power and eager to maintain the status quo especially when it comes to race, sexuality and rape. The myth of rapists is one of the political tools created to oppress the people of color, especially black women. As West points out, “black sexuality is a taboo subject in America principally because it is a form of black power over which white have little control.” In order to control races and maintain white supremacy in the hierarchy system, the dominant groups of the society were to make up lies about people of color that black males are immoral and sexually aggressive. On the other hand, that black females are always hungry for sex and are extremely loose. Myths of this nature were aimed at degrading the sexuality of minority in the society and most importantly, it justified the brutality targeted towards the Black community. Arguably put by the whites, because black males are so sexually active, most of them must be rapists. Also, since black females are so loose, they will not mind casual sex with strangers. In her article, Davis notes that the result of justifying these representations of black people is the leading cause of unreported oppression against the people of color, especially rape of black women by white mobs. Even in reported incidences, it generally believed by consensus that sex was on voluntary basis. On the subject of racism, the standard of beauty has helped propagate this vise. In the modern society, the standard of beauty is based on white women with pale skin, curvy hair and light-colored eyes. Dark-skin individuals, dark-colored eyes and flat noses are widely considered ugly. This is clearly a white supremacy ideology resulting only to self-inflicted hatred among black women as well as self-contempt towards their on bodies. The dominant class has succeeded in maintaining their status quo by controlling black female Ame
Boston Consulting Group Matrix Boston Consulting Group Matrix is a two by two matrix that was developed by the Boston consulting group to help businesses understand the different investment opportunities among its portfolio of activities with regards to growth rates of the industry and the market share of the business. The matrix evaluates the environment in relation to potential investment prospects and challenges and advises the management accordingly. The analysis defines products as a star, question mark, cash cow, or dog. Products of firms can be referred to as a star when it holds a high market share in a market that is growing and has the potential to grow in the future while a product referred to as a question mark is that which exists in a growing market but is facing stiff competition. Cash cows on the other hand are products that produce sufficient cash used to maintain operations of other products in the firm. Cash cows have a huge market share although in markets that have slow growth rates while dogs exist in the market that is either constant or declining and more so, have low market share with diseconomies of scale (Davies & Ellison, 1999, p 68). Companies that have applied relevant business strategies can be clearly depicted by KFC which had sought to strategize so as to expand its products in the competitive market of the chicken fast food industry. For a long period, McDonald’s fast-food stores had dominated the American fast-food market and therefore the Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation had gone through several changes since the 1950s. The founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation laid down a number of business strategies to drive the corporation towards achieving its objective of building the largest and most profitable fast-food chain stores in the American fast-food market that is characterized by huge economic potential. Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation adopted the use of the Boston group consulting matrix alongside SWOT analysis which has enabled the company to understand its current market position and the huge growth potential that exist in the fast food industry. In the current chicken fast food industry, Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation dominates the market since its adoption of business management strategies. The analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the fast-food industry has enabled Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation to understand the changing lifestyles and economic conditions of its customers around the world. Particularly, the opportunity analysis of Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation made a huge contribution towards providing information that the fast-food market has a potentially huge room for limitless product expansion specifically in states that have high econo
NoSQL databases refer to non-tabular files that are more advanced because they store data more conveniently than relational tables. SQL, which means Structured Query Language, was popular during the 20th century. The NoSQL database information is easier to interpret because data does not get split between tables. They allow related data to be drawn close in one data model (Yasmeen, 2018). Examples of NoSQL databases include Document databases, Key-value databases, Wide-column stores, and Graph databases. The purpose of this research paper is to find a NoSQL database that can be used in a working environment and how the organization may benefit from the application of the new model of the database. In the paper, the chosen NoSQL database is Key-value which will be explained in several ways. The key-value of the database is a nonrelational database that applies a simple method of key-value to process and store information and data. The information in this type of database is stored in pairs of key-values in which one key is used as a distinct identifier. The keys and values are not specific items because they can be anything ranging from simple to complex. The key-value NoSQL database’s significant feature is that it is partitionable and usually permits horizontal scaling, which other models will not perform (Yasmeen, 2018). For instance, Amazon DynamoDB can allocate additional partitions to a table if the current partition is entire and extra storage is required. Therefore, Use of DynamoDB allows Amazon to benefit from autoscaling and backup options. Amazon DynamoDB is a popular database under key-value NoSQL because it is reliable in performing at given scaling. The database is fully managed, and it is a multi-region model that offers consistency in single-digit latency. For this case, an item in DynamoDB is composed of a basic task key with a linear number of aspects to the database. The average size of an item that can be cached and associated with DynamoDB is approximately 400 KB. For the key-value NoSQL database, all tables have a specific number of items (Yasmeen, 2018). When DynamoDB is created, autoscaling is set on default to enable the inactive tables. The tool configures minimum and maximum reading capacity levels to the target authorization of variables (Yasmeen, 2018). The autoscaling applies to computing in controlling the database’s read and write metrics. The scaling creates CloudWatch alarms that are used to monitor consumed levels. The upper threshold alarm is activated from the configuration line when the reading and writing capacity breaches the aimed utilization range for about two minutes. After the upper threshold is triggered, the lower part of the point is only configured when traffic reaches the target utilization for fifteen minutes. In DynamoDB, the read capacity units are set at 100%. The target utilization is set at 80%; therefore, autoscaling increases the provided capacity after the application goes beyond 80% for a range of two to five minutes. A
Although the hiring process involves mutual decision making between the organization and the job candidate, available literature demonstrates that hiring the best person from among many good candidates is often a challenging task for many leaders (Lin & Kleiner 108). However, as suggested by these authors, several devices, models and approaches have been developed over the years to assist in making this decision. This paper employs a model known as the Kepner-Tregoe (KT) decision making model to come to the conclusion that Candidate C is best suited for the job. Available literature demonstrates that the KT model is a thinking method for management that was developed by C. Kepner and B. Tregoe to resolve organizational issues better through the employment of a systematic process that is grounded in reason, verification and creativity (Kepner-Tregoe, Inc 2). The model comprises four key constituents, namely problem analysis, decision analysis, situational appraisal, and potential problem/opportunity analysis (Kepner-Tregoe, Inc 3; Nakamura et al 49-50). Employing the model into the case scenario, it is evident that the problem analysis revolves around finding an experienced person to fill a vacancy, where the successful candidate must demonstrate close cooperation and coordination with others inside and outside the department. The actual problem, however, is that none of the three top candidates seem to fulfill this job fit. The second constituent – decision analysis – involves marrying reason, expertise, creativity and factual information to guide organizational leaders in selecting the most suitable means for multiple problem resolutions (Nakamura et al 49). It is here that the departmental head should employ reason, experience and factual information to decide that all the three candidates are qualified based on intelligence tests. However, Candidate A cannot fit in the job description since he is very unsociable. Equally, Candidate B may fail to develop the needed characteristics needed for close cooperation and coordination as factual information demonstrates that having a pleasant personality does not automatically translate into a sociable person. Lastly, reason demonstrates that Candidate C may not have the experience needed for the job but he has a business experience in a different industry. In the third constituent, which is the situational appraisal, the departmental head is not only expected to reveal all the aspects of the situation and their relative priority, but must also determine what different courses of action are needed and what stakeholders need to be involved (Kepner-Tregoe, Inc 3). The chances for Candidate A are minimal given that he does not meet the technical demands of the job and the expected profile of skills (Bottgner & Barsoux 34). Having an outgoing character is an inborn characteristic that may be hard to train and internalize in employees. The chances for Candidate B are moderate given that he has experience in a related job and has a pleasant personality. However, i
The Advantages of all Cultures While Avoiding their Excesses Diversity in culture is the different makeup or what is also known as multiculturalism and it comprises the organizational belief and social stems this makes many organizations develop strategies to cope and adapt to various regional and global situations in various parts of the globe. The existence of variations in languages, ethnicity, races, systems, values, and religions is what differentiates a certain culture from the other. The values which each culture portrays to an organization can be tapped to be utilized to enhance the competitive advantage of the organization (Trompenaars & Voerman, 2009). It is indeed possible for an organization to synthesize the advantages of all cultures and avoid their excess. The major competitive advantage that many organizations can rip from cultural diversity is the ability to attract and retain the best available human resource talents in the context of the current demographic trends (Cox, 2004). So it is mandatory for the organization to work out modalities of avoiding the feeling of one culture domineering the organization while making the other cultures seem inferior by promoting intercultural bonding and communicating the good things that each member of the different cultures is contributing to the organization. Global markets are becoming more culturally diverse for example in the United States, Asians and Hispanics now collectively represent about one thousand five hundred billion per year in consumer spending (Cox, 2004). Many countries such as Japan and China have already integrated the concept of recruiting human resources from many cultures to enhance their business and this has led to many giants like the USA and UK following suit (Cox, 2004). Hiring personnel from many cultures promotes creativity in the organization and makes problem-solving easier (Cox, 2004). This advantage can be synthesized by having managers of organizations which embrace cultural diversity can put up with this new trend of management by opening up new company branches to the different regions where they are able to harness the full benefits of those areas by bringing on board new ideas from the different cultures of the regions. Introduction National Culture is the beliefs, attitudes, values, traditions, and systems which are quite particular to a certain nation while on the other hand, corporate culture is the specific pattern or arrangement of behavior and material which a certain organization has adopted and it is the most accepted way of solving problems in that organization (Ahmed, LOH and Zairi, 1999). Different countries do business differently and this is dependent on the value of the specific country. In the same line, it also follows that different national origins will do things differently owing to the culture of the nation or origin within which they operate. This, therefore, means that multinational Organizations have to abide by the national culture of the countries where there operate. Japanese National and Organizational Cultu
The First Amendment may be considered as one of the most crucial as it proclaims the freedom of speech and the press, which is vital for citizens of any democratic country. Students from American schools also possess these rights and may speak and express their thoughts freely. However, this is the case only “unless school authorities have reason to believe that such expression will substantially interfere with the work of the school or impinge upon the rights of other students” ( Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 1988). Hence, there are situations in educational institutions that require school directors and other authorities to violate the First Amendment. These violations happen by punishing the students who, on the one hand, use their rights for safety and freedom of speech and, on the other hand, take away these rights from other children. However, in some situations, it is rather challenging to understand whether the school authorities are right for punishing a student, and what exactly should be done to handle the precedent correctly. For example, after recent events that were related to immigration reform, a group of students decided to come to school in t-shirts that represented national flags from various countries. These children were bullied by their fellow students with a variety of racial and ethnic slurs. The students used their right to express themselves freely; they were stating their ideas by wearing certain clothes, and there was nothing that would pose danger for other people in school (The American Civil Liberties Union of Arizona, n.d.). Those who bullied them also used the right to freedom of speech and expressed their own beliefs regarding the immigration reform violated the rules. However, their ideas were violent, abusive, and hurtful comments broke another law, and were disrespectful. According to the disciplinary rule of the high school, “materially and substantially interferes with the educational process is prohibited, including the use of obscene, profane language or gestures” ( Bethel School District v. Fraser , 1986). Hence, the children did not have any right to act as they did (Green, 2016). The bullies have to be suspended and, if they have acted like this before or will do that again, they should be deprived of some school privileges. As for the students who wore the t-shirts, the authorities should explain to them that their school is not a place for stating political ideas, and such behavior violates the school order. It is not allowed to suppress student expression unless school officials reasonably conclude that it may substantially and materially disrupt the work and discipline of the school ( Tinker v. Des Moines School District , 1969). Since this situation indeed disrupted the discipline, the students who came in the t-shirts should be warned and punished if they do that again. Another example is the situation when the school director confiscates the cell phone that has readily