ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Tesla Motors company is one of the pioneer developers of cars running on electric power. Incorporated in 2003, it became the leading producer of electric cars in the world, yet it does not present much competition to other companies. The demand for green energy in the society is still small, and this makes the company develop unique strategies for surviving in the automotive industry. Marketing Strategy Target Market Tesla cars cannot be considered as affordable to most people. Nor it is a family choice vehicle, either as a first car or another family vehicle. Tesla Motors mainly targets the customer group of working adults who have been working from few years to several decades. This is the group which possesses the largest income and is willing to spend it on a more expensive car. The target customer group is broken down into three subgroups. Firstly, the company targets people who are concerned with the current ecological state of the planet. The greenhouse effect raises severe debates in the society, and responsible citizens are searching for the ways they could improve their impact on nature. The second target audience is people who wish to buy a luxury car, but do not have enough finances to do it. Tesla Motors offers such vehicle affordable to customers who have a stable job but who have not achieved any high positions yet. Finally, the Tesla cars combine comfort with unique technology. It may be a benefit for customers who are interested in the technical side of a vehicle, making it their priority for purchasing. Thus, these customers make up the third target group of Tesla Motors. Product As it was mentioned above, the Tesla cars are unique since they run on electricity. Currently, the company offers two model lines, including Model S and Model Z. Apart from the green technology, the Model S cars have several other features. Mainly, it is the focus on safety. The cars have the lowered center of gravity, steel railing on the sides, and the increased amount of the safety air bags (“Model S” par. 4). The vehicle also has a touchscreen as a navigation tool. The Model Z has the similar approach to safety. This model is bigger, having seven seats and being suitable for companies. The vehicle is positioned as a sports car, and the design is corresponding, offering the so-called falcon wings and corpus elements designed for better aerodynamics. Tesla Motors company also plan to produce the Model 3 vehicles in the next few years, which would be more affordable. Price The prices on the Tesla cars cannot be considered as low. The planned Model 3, which would be the company’s cheapest option, would be offered for about $35,000. The existing two models come at the starting price of more than $50,000 and $75,000 respectively. These numbers prove that Tesla vehicles belong to the luxury segment of the car market. Place In the case of Tesla Motors, the place element would include the selling points and other platforms, where
Max Weber’s ideal type concept relies on the generalized concept of rational social action; however, when applied to research problems, it becomes a historical totality concept. In developing this concept, Weber argued that, no scientific system could reproduce all concrete reality and no conceptual apparatus could exhaust the transfinite diversity of a given condition. This ideal type, serves as the apparatus that infers differences and similarities in given cases. “An ideal type is formed by the one-sided accentuation of one or more points of view and by the synthesis of a great many diffuse, discrete, more or less present and occasionally absent concrete individual phenomena, which are arranged according to those one-sidedly emphasized viewpoints into a unified analytical construct” (Cahnman 268). Taken from this point of view, capitalism, according to Weber’s concept, is developed historically because of a religious movement, Protestantism, specifically Calvinism. Calvinism holds that, God decreed eternally the salvation of some and the damnation of others, not in view of the good or evil deeds they would do, but simply ‘because he willed it’ (Weber, Baehr & Wells 69). Due to these beliefs, the Calvinists became anxious about issues pertaining to their salvation; something that made them push for economic success as a way of having assurance in their beliefs that, prosperity is a sign of God’s favour to his elect. At the same time, the Calvinist did not spend his money on self-indulgence, so had nothing else to do with it but plough it back into the business. On the other side, employees of Calvinists were just like their employers and to them, jobs were part of their ‘calling’; therefore, this called for careful execution of ones duties due to religion attached to it. as long as one got reward from his or her work, “Hence the ‘Protestant ethic’ – the famous ‘work ethic’ -, the drive for economic success, the will to work hard, the habit of not spending on frivolous self-indulgence. All this, originating in theology, provided a ‘spirit’ for capitalism, the set of motivations and attitudes that led to ‘rational investment’ of profits continually ploughed back, and to the modern world” (Weber, Baehr & Wells 70). This Weber’s form of capitalism is the one prevalent in the United States America today. The traits in Weber’s concept are pronounced in America today. People in America today are working hard day in day out and they spend very little on frivolous s
Introduction The case study is based on an entrepreneurial venture called the Chainaya Lozhka belonging to the fast food restaurant chain of Russia. The company has been doing well in the highly competitive Russian fast food market, and was now planning to expand its operations. The decision to expand was initiated when the two founders of the company saw that the organization’s annual sales figures and saw that it has gained immense success in St. Petersburg. However, expansion required a lot of changes that had to be ushered into the company, which so far was being run from a two-man decision-making level at the top. The changes that will have to ushered may change the whole culture and structure of the organization, and if not successfully implement, may cripple the future of the company. Therefore, it was important to understand the steps and strategies that the company can take in order to go ahead in the path of expansion, if at all they should expand. It is believed that there are both “strengths and weaknesses in the expansion” of a firm (Kaufmann 1972, 85). Therefore, expansion for any company is important in a competitive environment in order to grow. Therefore adopting expansion and hence, change is important for Chainaya Lozhka. However, most change management endeavours become ultimate failures (Aiken 2009). As research by Kotter suggests, only 30 percent of the change management initiatives succeed (cited in Aiken 2009) therefore, making a change management initiatives even more difficult and risky affair. In case of small entrepreneurs, it becomes even more difficult as there is a change in the way the whole company works. Therefore, in this case study analysis, some issues and challenges related to expansion and change are discussed, along with a few possible solutions for the company to go ahead in its expansion plans. Issues related to Chainaya Lozhka’s Future Some of the problems that are foreseen as possible issues for the company in its operations as well as expansion plans in the food industry in Russia are discussed. A few of the environmental issues affecting the company are discussed in this section. Russian fast food industry is at a nascent stage. The growth of the fast food industry in the country an
Introduction The concept of dreams has eluded even the most renowned philosophers and psychologists, including Aristotle, Plato, and Sigmund Freud. Plato likened dreams to a presentation that we experience while sleeping (Hamilton, Cairns and Cooper 571). Modern psychology seems to have borrowed the definition of a dream from Plato’s, in that they have defined dreams as sequences of experiences borne of imagination during sleep (Dennett 129). The aim of this statement of intent is to provide a more holistic definition of dreams from both a historical as well as a modern perspective. There is often a very thin line between “dreams” and “reality”. As such, it is indispensable to examine such a link. Dreams: A Historical Perspective Sigmund Freud commenced his psychoanalytical study on dreams in 1900 with a complaint that philosophers viewed his idea of dreams as second-rate and intellectually unworthy (Freud 5). In his article, ‘Dreams’, Manser opines that Freud had “littler to say about the nature of dreams which is of interest to the philosopher” (415). There appears to be little attention devoted to the concept of dream by philosophers, even as the topic puzzled such renowned philosophers as Aristotle and Plato. There is a need to define what dreaming is, and how one may distinguish between reality and dreams. From a historical point of view, dreams are a frightening and puzzling phenomenon. Prehistorically, ancestors also viewed dreams as messages sent to them by demons and gods. To the fatalist, dreams are portents or omens of future events. Ancient Greek philosophers adopted a rather rational naturalist approach to dreams. Aristotle provided the definition of dreams as that experience one has in his/her sleep (Ross 56). On the other hand, Plato defined dreams as the visions that we always recall in our waking hours (Hamilton et al 571). Modern psychology appears to have adopted the Aristotelian stance: dreams are sequences of experiences borne of imagination during sleep (Dennett 129). Nietzsche’s argument blaming the belief in ghosts, gods, resurrection and life after death on the doorstep of the dream was sensible (LaBerge 231). Supp
Executive Summary Scope, Aim, and Topic of the Report This report examines the internationalization process in the context of marketing and successful entry using Porter’s Five Forces and the Uppsala model. Nestlé’s Indian operations in the processed food sector are examined. The aim is to assess the firm’s internationalization process in the Indian context. The topic is to evaluate Nestlé’s international expansion and marketing practices and strategies for India. International Business Selection The selected international business is Nestlé, a Swiss multinational corporation that markets diverse packaged food products, including pet care, coffee, and confectioneries, among others. It controls 45% global market share in instant coffee (Nestle 2018c). It has operations in over 189 countries (Nestle 2018c). Data Collection Sources and Analytical Methods The report utilizes secondary data drawn from 15 diverse and reliable sources. They include Statista, MarketLine, Euromonitor International, the Nestlé website, and OECD, among others. Two analytical methods are used in this report: Porter’s Five Forces and the Uppsala internationalization model. The two frameworks give insights into Nestlé’s internationalization process and the attractiveness of the Indian market. Findings The main findings include the Uppsala framework is relevant to Nestlé’s international expansion journey and the macro-environmental forces in India range from moderate to low. Its first international move was to the UK and Germany before expanding to the US and later Asia. The initial step of Nestlé’s internationalization is exporting its brands followed by joint ventures and the establishment of a local factory. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the analysis of Nestlé’s internationalization process and macro-environment variables specific to India, three recommendations are made: the firm should use a multi-domestic strategy to increase its local responsiveness, invest in products targeting the majority youthful population and establish a strategic unit in India to develop products that appeal to local tastes and preferences. International Business Project Report Scope, Aim, and Topic of the Report Scope of the Report Internationalization is a key feature of firms seeking competitive advantages at the international level. Phenomenal developments in communication and favorable cross-border trade relations have encouraged more companies to go global. The chosen strategy or issue that is the focus of this project report is international marketing, a key dimension of the internationalization process. It enables a firm to leverage its assets, managerial capacities, experience, and brands to offer unique value in each of its markets (Teece 2018). This report examines the internationalization process from the perspective of the coordination of marketing activities globally from the parent company and the establishment of production facilities to streamline regional supply chains. The chosen industry that this repo
Building the Civilization of Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a wide concept that includes a range of cultures such as Assyrians, Akkadians, Sumerians, and Babylonians. History shows that these civilizations were successful due to the fortunate location, developed culture, and trading ways. The flooding of Tigris and Euphrates rivers between which Mesopotamia was located promoted innovations in irrigation projects so that banks and rivers might supply crops (Freeman, 2014). The role of rivers was essential as they provided not only drinking water and water for agricultural needs but also were the focus of control. The ancient civilizations often conflicted for living near rivers and using them as a means of easy transportation. Agriculture allowed populations to grow and societies to become more specialized in various fields. The Akkadian Empire was known for its language that is related to the Semitic group – Hebrew and Arabic. Writing promoted the creation of literary works that depicted Akkadian gods, religion, and the mode of life. More to the point, writing contributed to trading with other cultures, and all the products, sales, and other important points were documented (Fagan & Scarre, 2016). During king Sargon’s government, the Akkadians significantly improved trading across Mesopotamia. The economy of the Empire was also strengthened due to the implementation of rain-fed agriculture that led to increased harvest, which was also supported by benign climatic conditions. Sargon created the state the power in which completely belonged to him and was to be inherited by his sons (Fagan & Scarre, 2016). In other words, he concentrated on great economic power, which is one more component of the success of this civilization. The king could contain significant troops to suppress internal revolts and to conduct an aggressive foreign policy. Buildings may be regarded as one more component of the successful civilizations of Mesopotamia. They demonstrated the power and served as defense, while enemies destroyed buildings even though there was no need to, as stated by Freeman (2014). The Akkadians were the first who conquered southern Mesopotamia in approximately 2330 BC. They had weapons and wheels for the transportation of warriors and special equipment. By conquering other areas of Mesopotamia, Akkadians planned to create a cosmopolitan population and their texts are more representative of this fact compared to artifacts (Fagan & Scarre, 2016). For example, there are tales and legends about wars and their results along with detailed descriptions.
Given the fact that the doctrine of multiculturalism has been promoted in America for quite a few years, we now have a whole spectrum of so-called “multicultural-progressive” literature, which despite its failure to represent a literary value, is being often referred to as “highly-acclaimed”. Gish Jen’s collection of short stories “Who’s Irish?” can serve as a good example of such literature. In it, author strives to provide readers with the insight on relationship between her own family members, who are being affected by racial mixing, without realizing that this actually accounts for the bulk of “existential problematics”, on their part. Author’s point of view cannot be easily defined, as she tends to indulge in discussion of issues, about which she has very little knowledge. However, it is clear that Jen strives to relate the existence of “intercultural” and “generational” gaps, within her own family, to the fact that American society continues to be based on the principles of euro-centrism. Jen thinks of it as something inappropriate. Such opinion, of course, cannot be perceived by sober-minded readers as representing socio-political value, despite the fact that Jen claims to be in possession of ultimate formula of how to make American society “more civilized”. Apart from the fact that Jen’s book contains many ideological inconsistencies, it is also poorly written, in literary context of this word. Book’s stories only formally relate to each other, with the motif of “celebration of diversity” being exposed to readers repeatedly, as if they did not get the idea of what “Who’s Irish?” is all about, after having read the first few pages in Jen’s “masterpiece”. Stories’ characterization can be referred as inadequate, at best, because Jen’s characters do not seem as being able to learn from their earlier mistakes. They do not evolve, while preferring to adopt a “stuck in time” mode of existence, which probably can be explained by their ethnic affiliation. It might sound hilarious, but Jen appears to be genuinely puzzled over the fact that book’s main characters, Ralph and Helen (Chinese-Americans who adopted European names) are still having a hard time, while trying to integrate into American society, despite the fact that they speak some English and drive European cars. Book’s main theme is best defined as follows: “Despite the fact that Chinese-Americans are being hardly concerned with anything, except for skinning cats and dogs and running their privately owned Laundromats, they still represent a great human asset, which is why we need to allow even more Asians to settle down in America, so that they continue celebrating diversity at taxpayers’ expense”. We do not argue with author’s right to express her opinions freely, just as we do not doubt our right to refer to Jen’s book as to what it really is – a piece of garbage. “I think I struggle with that stuff (exploring her “un
The case talks about the challenges of the new administrative assistant in the new organization. Though the assistant had been working for the past fifteen years, she was not able to perform to the expectations of the new organization. Her domestic issues coupled together with the higher expectations from the work place made the situations get worse. The assistant could however not acknowledge the challenges she was facing this is clearly illustrated when after being assisted she would not admit that she still had any problems. This made the branch members get more frustrated to the point of sharing their views with the management. In fact the branch members are feeling that their energies are being wasted and their efforts are hampered by Sue. There are four major issues that are brought out in this case. The first issue is having a hardworking employee who however cannot perform to the firm’s expectation. We are told that Sue at time works for more than eight hours a day but still can not beat the dead line in fact some employees would come to ‘bail’ her out at some point. The second issues relates to having an employee that end up performing things in the unexpected way. It is said that Sue was not good on thinking through the requirements of new tasks and projects. For example she could arrange materials for workshop in the wrong way. She could also make wrong time arrangements that could cause one to arrive late for workshops. The other issue is that despite the training that the employee received little improvement was seen. After the training she will still seek more help as if she had never been trained on the specific issue. Finally there is a revelation that the employee could be experiencing domestic hardships. Her inability to perform well may then be related to the domestic challenges she is going through. The elements for performance simply refers to the management approved ways that tell employees of their targets, requirements and also expectations from the management. In the case given several performance elements can be used though we will just concentrate on just a few that are outstanding. There need to be early planning for work. It is important that all employees be part of the planning team. Through their participation in coming up with plan employees understand well the goals of the firm and work hard towards achieving them. Another element is monitoring which in simple terms mean the effective way of organizing things and continuous checking on projects and assignments. Monitoring also involves measuring performance besides providing employees with continuous feedback on the progress they have made in their effort to achieving the goal of the firm. The best approach that I w
Walter Whitman was an American poet and journalist. He is remembered for his free verse style of poetry, humanist principles, and opposition to slavery, and big political concerns. Most of his poems are based on humanitarian themes and issues affecting humanity. The poem 1861 is no exception. In the poem, he uses an omnipresent speaker who narrates about a civil war that took place in the year 1861. The whole poem takes a setting preoccupied with soldiers marching around and propagating the war. Through personification, the speaker goes ahead to describe the details of the war and what befell the civilians as a result of the war. He refers to the year 1861 as a soldier of the union dressed in blue and goes on fighting for the people. Thus, the war can no longer be supported by the people due to its physically demanding lifestyle. The narrating speaker begins by stating his attitude towards the year 1861, which he refers to as the year of struggle (line 1). He further points out how discontent he is with the year when he says that the year deserves neither dainty rhymes nor sentimental love verses as it is a terrible year. Stating the attitude of the narrator at the start of the poem does not only prepare the reader for subsequent inhuman revelations in the poem but also captures the reader’s attention which propels him or her to read further. More so, he opts to personify the year in an attempt to bring out the details of the Civil war. The personification of the year has indeed achieved its desired effect. Furthermore, the description of the character and appearance of the soldier is used in the poem to describe the progress, intensity, as well as the overall effects, brought about by the Civil war. Throughout the poem, the narrator refers to the year as a strong man who is clothed in blue clothes and carrying a rifle on the shoulder (line 10). This helps to vividly describe the soldiers that helped propagate the war. The idea of blue uniforms and rifles imply the presence of heavily armed soldiers in the course of the war. As time goes by, the war intensifies and its coverage area extends. This is revealed through the description of the soldier who has suddenly transformed into a strong and masculine man (line 18). The speaker also says that the soldiers can no longer be supported by people due to their demanding lifestyle. An increase in the strength of the soldiers perhaps implies the increasing intensity of the war and its aftermath. The poet also mentions “rising” meant to describe the increasing number of soldier recruits taking up their duties in the war. These soldiers were once ordinary workers from Manhattan, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The war indeed has affected the whole land as per the speaker. Once the soldiers are enough in number, they start marching to the South determined to fi