ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Born in the fifth century BCE, Siddhartha Gautama is the core founder of the Buddhist ideology. He came from a privileged family that offered him a providential upbringing. The world’s view of Buddhists attaches some paramount importance to his birth, as he is viewed as the figure that brought the truth that the religion upholds. Siddhartha Gautama was a Hindu who led a faction that did not conform to the Hindu’s teachings. Therefore, it is apparent that Hinduism originated from the Hindu’s religion though it began as a reform movement from within Hinduism. Based on the words of Kinnard (2011), it is apparent, “Buddhism did not emerge from a religious vacuum” (p. 1). Vedas, which were oral texts that began in 1500 BC, are attributed to the early Buddhism. Gautama was a king who lived an exemplary life. However, when he was walking, he encountered people suffering from illness, old age, death issues, and hermits. This experience triggered his instincts. He decided to relinquish his pleasurable life to find the truth about the agony that people went through. The knowledge is summarized in the four noble truths, which include life means suffering, the cessation of suffering is attainable, the origin of suffering is attachment, and the path to the cessation of suffering. Noble truths of Buddha The first noble truth presents life as a form of enduring pain. According to Buddha, the life led by people is full of suffering and problems (Herbrechtsmeier, 1993, p. 16) because the world that they inhabit and human nature are not perfect enough to provide comfort to human beings. During their existence, people go through a lot of agony. They endure a physical suffering that is subjected to their bodies (Kinnard, 2011, p. 4). Some of the sufferings that people encounter include injuries, sickness, pain, tiredness, and old age. People also encounter and endure emotional/psychological pains such as frustrations, sadness, disappointment, depression, and loneliness among many others (Kinnard, 2011, p. 1). These sufferings are experienced in different measures or degrees among different people. However, despite the sufferings, they also experience some occasions of happiness, easiness, and comfort. Nonetheless, in its totality, life remains imperfect because the world is subjected to more frustrations. The experiences made Buddha find out the truth about life. This therefore marked the journey of his quest to find the truth, hence “…the beginning of a six-year quest for awakening (Herbrechtsmeier, 1993, p. 15). As long as one can wish to try to keep his/her life happy and comfortable, he/she cannot maintain the status for the entire period of his/her lifetime. Therefore, the world is characterized by endless sufferings that individuals have to encounter. During his venture, he found a solution to these sufferings. He managed to identify the causes of why people suffer. His title changed to Buddha after he managed to succeed in finding the causes and solu
Introduction I took more than half an hour observing people at a fast food center where I went to. It was an ordinary restaurant at around 2pm. I positioned myself at a corner where I was able to observe a wide variety of people coming in. My corner gave me a view of the customers eating. It was a perfect setting to observe a lot of age groups because it was a Sunday and everyone had either just come from church or from some leisurely activity done as a family. Body The first thing that caught my attention was the non-verbal communication which a teenager was giving out as his mother was scolding him. I could not make much sense of what his mother was saying because she was controlling herself not to talk aloud but it was obvious that he was deflecting and parrying all those verbal hostilities which his mother was throwing at him. One clear indication that he was not “listening” at all to the words that his mother was saying was the fact that his hands were crossed across his waist with palms closed in a fist, head tilted away from his mother, and even his feet were crossed under the table. I had a good view of him so I could also catch the occasional smirk across his face and the rolling of his eyes – all signs that he was actually receiving the words of his mother with hostility. He was answering the questions in one word sentences which I surmise might just be a yes or a no. His mother kept on talking while he remained almost immobile with non-verbals saying that he was clammed in like a closed shell. Meanwhile, at another table, a mother was with her two year old daughter who refused to eat anything on her plate. So I observed this Mom doing all kinds of coaching just to make her daughter eat. She smiled pleasantly at her and the toddler moved her head saying “no!” She frowned her brows and just refused to eat. The mother was getting frustrated and for a moment I I saw the frustration in her face. She seemed obviously tired and harassed as she wiped her brows. She flung her arms as if in surrender and looked lengthily at the toddler seated in front of her. She pulled out a small toy inside her bag and gave it to her toddler. And then as if by magic, her daughter picked up her spoon and ate her food by herself. I thought I saw the young mother wiping away her tears which were about to fall. She gave a wide smile and her daughter smiled back in return. The mother embraced her toddler and they seemed to be having fun as the daughter looked completely subservient to the mother’s prodding for her to eat. At this point, the restaurant was beginning to swell in the number of customers coming in. I became so engrossed with the mother and child that I did not see this elderly man enter the restaurant. He was seated alone and I thought that he had not much non-verbals that I could observe since he was not interacting with another person. What I saw surprised me. He had a lot of nonverbal which I noted in my notebook. He took out his bag, brought out a plastic container full of salad made of green vegetables, tomatoes, onions, mushrooms, some cheese, asparagus and many more. He practically only bought only some juice from the counter he
Introduction The chapter 13 by Hiram W. Li and Peter B. Moyle discusses a problem of fish introduction and fish management in inland waters. A special attention is given to current problems and threats caused by poor ecology and increased pollution. Fish introduction should be the main priority of fish management as this is one of the strategies which helps to save species form extinction in inland waters. In the introductory part, the authors argue that providing varied recreational use of natural resources became a national priority. The success of environmental laws as applied to broad outdoor recreational purposes underlined a trend game conservationists had begun to observe. Body The main reasons for fish introduction are to improve ecology of the region, save some species and increase fish management facilities and industry activities. The authors promote the multiple-use concept to maximize available lands for wildlife. The authors underline that the local communities had insufficient money, manpower, and legislative authority for diverse, balanced land management, in particular for the enhancement of water management values. In many regions, fishing companies have ignored conservation measures and refused to cooperate with the state in the sustainable management of fishery resources. Such unregulated fisheries have had serious impacts on stocks and catch levels in inland waters. For this reason, the purpose of fish introduction is to preserve local flora and fauna and protect it from extinction. The chapter 13 gives a detailed analysis of the Ecological Theory and relations between fishery resources and fauna of a region. The authors underline that the community must responded to the crisis in fisheries by developing the necessary and more specific elaboration of the legal responsibilities. The ecological theory shows that states are to take into account in developing compatible conservation and management measures. The theoretical framework for evaluating species introductions is a detailed analysis of strategies and techniques used for fish management. The framework involves number of species and population size, types of introduction and management. The authors underline that a special attention should be given to natural environment and traditional fauna of the region. In addition, there is a need to develop clear principles for fishery management of straddling stocks and highly migratory stocks, it delegates the task of developing and implementing detailed management measures to regional fisheries management organizations or arrangements. Membership of these organizations/arrangements should be open to all companies and local
Aims and objectives The two laboratory practicals aimed at determining whether or not patients’ serum samples contained antibodies that could react against gastric proton pump through the application of Western blotting and immune-histochemistry tests. In addition, the practicals aimed at suggesting determining the category of patients who had pernicious anemia. Introduction Pernicious anemia is the last presentation of chronic gastritis, which is an autoimmune disease that affects the stomach. Pernicious anemia is characterized by swelling of the stomach, overproduction of autoantibodies such as intrinsic factor and proton pump. All these proteins are secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach (Toh, van Driel & Gleeson 1997). Research has also demonstrated that gastric atrophy is characterized by diminishing the mass of the stomach (gastric atrophy). The pathophysiology of the disease has been correlated with the activity of autoantibodies, which attack intrinsic factor that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 (Toh et al 1997). In order for the erythrocytes to mature, they require the activity of vitamin B12. The absorption of the vitamin is facilitated by an intrinsic factor that is within the stomach. Thus, when the activity of the intrinsic factor is compromised, the amount of vitamin B12 absorbed is greatly reduced. Hence, anemia occurs. Gastric glands contain parietal cells, which are the main sources of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. The acid
The Holy Spirit is the part of the Holy Trinity responsible for one’s conversion to Christ. The Holy Spirit bestows spiritual gifts, protects the Christian faithful from sin and inspires the fruits of the Spirit. The Holy Spirit also enhances Christian understanding of the Scripture and confers the gifts on certain faithful. This paper looks at the gift of speaking in tongues and its relevance today. Distinction between Gifts of the Spirit and Fruits of the Spirit Spiritual Gifts are conferred on Christians by God to empower them to finish the tasks which He has identified them to execute. Spiritual gifts are different from the fruits of the Spirit. While the Fruits of the Spirit can be found in anyone, Spiritual gifts are conferred by God on special faithful in correspondence with their service to the body of Christ (Towns 307). Spiritual gifts can increase or shift as a Christian matures in faith. On the other hand, the Fruits of the Sprit concern Christian spiritual nature as conveyed and demonstrated by Jesus Christ (Exodus 20). Fruits of the Spirit include mercy, love, faithfulness, self-control, compassion and justice, and are part of Christians’ spiritual principles (Gal. 5: 22-23). Spiritual gifts, on the other hand, include apostleship, healing, discernment and teaching. The fruits of the Spirit such as kindness and love indicate some level of maturity in the faithful and cannot be attained by rudimentary devotion. Spiritual gifts, on the other hand, are bestowed on Christians irrespective of their level of maturity in the Christian faith. Spiritual maturity is achieved through the prosperity of the Fruits of the Spirit and by making use of the spiritual gifts to serve the Lord. The Gift of Speaking in Tongues In its biblical definition, the gift of speaking in tongues (glossolalia) is compared to the gift of prophecy. Several theologians postulate that the gift of speaking in tongues and other gifts including healing, apostleship and interpretation of tongues are no longer relevant into modern Christian ministry (Elwell 1209). During its inception, the early Church relied considerably on the gifts of the Spirit to convert new followers and spread the Word (1 Cor. 22). Though there were manuscripts in distribution during the era of the early Church, there was no recognized Canon before the Vulgate of the Fourth Century (Towns 256). The gifts were, therefore, useful in communicating the word of God and spreading the message of Christ. A lot of confusion and excitement have surrounded the gift of glossolalia in the recent past. The biblical passages that talk about the gift of tongues ought to be examined in order to establish its application and importance to Christian ministry. The gift of tongues has two main uses in the Church. The first use is that of initiation aimed at confirming a new bond in the Church (1 Cor. 12:4-11). It is also a special gift bestowed upon certain individuals selected from the Church. Upon contrasting the gifts of tongues and prophecy, Paul concludes that it is better for a believer to have the gift of prophecy for speaking in tongues only serves the person who has the gift unless there
Future Directions Based on a detailed review of the corporation, it is worth identifying clear vectors for future development. First of all, Automatic Data Processing makes software for managing the HR side of enterprises. This includes outsourcing of personnel management through the ADP TotalSource cloud platform, payment of salaries. In both segments, the company receives revenue from interest from the placement of client money in the bank. The company manages the payroll of clients, and until the employees of the serviced enterprises receive a salary, Automatic Data Processing can dispose of this money, this brings 3.7% of the company’s revenue. The latest report does not provide information on overseas sales (Bauer et al., 2019, p. 77). The Fiscal Year 2019 report indicated that overseas sales accounted for 14.2% of the company’s revenue, with the remainder being done in the US. The combination of the above facts suggests that the company needs to move towards attracting customers and investors. At the same time, it should be noted that Automatic Data Processing has extremely effective tools for fulfilling such goals. Given that the company is tied to HR, investors expected a powerful drop in profits and revenues in the second, coronavirus quarter, when most of the economy was quarantined. According to the annual report, the company has approximately 810,000 customers, none of which contribute more than 2% of its revenue (Bauer et al., 2019, p. 98). This is an essential key because it strengthens ADP’s bargaining position: big clients like to haggle and demand big discounts. In addition, there is another vital vector for the development of a corporation, namely technology. The bottom line is that at the moment the atmosphere in our country is favorable for the potential of corporations working remotely. The same affects Automatic Data Processing, which needs to be given maximum attention in modernization. In addition, technology allows not only to improve existing products but also to create new ones (Wolters Kluwer Editorial Staf, 2021). However, it is worth emphasizing that it is expensive and unprofitable to do it yourself, therefore it is intertwined with the previous goal. Finally, companies should pay attention to the process of connecting organizations, that is, combining them into common databases. In this case, the quality of the services provided by the organization will not suffer, but the costs of maintaining Internet resources will significantly decrease. Potential Problems and Recommendations Despite the stability and growth of the company, it is worth noting that it is worth considering potential problems that you may encounter. I
Introduction Decision-making is often a process that most people make unconsciously. In whichever process, every decision carries with it moral sensitivity and dilemmas (Dubbink 2011). This paper looks at a case study in which the financial controller of a large corporation is faced with such a process. Help Our Homeless Offspring (HOHO) intends to increase its donor funding but has to meet certain conditions and fundraising legislation. One of the conditions HOHO has to keep its expenditure-to-funding ration below 25 per cent. However, the organisation intends to use TV advertising, which exceeds the funding limit. The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is optimistic that the excess is short-term and that they will meet the conditions ultimately. The decision remains with the financial controller of the donor-corporation who is tasked with advising its organisation on whether to grant the funding. Stakeholders The financial controller is the major stakeholder in the decision making process. He is aware of the misallocation of costs by HOHO, and can choose to either do nothing or correct the situation. HOHO is another major stakeholder. It has goals and objectives that it must achieve for it to remain functional. It needs funds to finance its activities, but its integrity is tested on how it is going to acquire these donations. The upper management is the decision-making organ of HOHO. The donor-corporation is another stakeholder and working on the recommendations of its financial controller, it may decide to grant funding to the charitable organisation or deny their request based on integrity issues. CFO is the architect of the idea to use TV advertising, and strongly justifies the need. The accountant is also involved. He detects the misallocation of administrative costs and feels that it exceeds the 25 per cent limit. The Homeless Offspring are at the centre of the decision-making process for the decision made will directly affect them. The last stakeholder is the community. In the event that the organisation is not funded, the community will have no option but to take up the responsibility of funding the organisation. Ethical Issues The major ethical issue surrounds the ethical behaviour of the upper management of HOHO and the CFO. An organisation cannot claim to be ethical if it ignores ethical codes. Integrity is one of the fundamental principles that are required in business professionalism (Accounting Professional & Ethical Standards Board Limited 2010). A dishonest transaction, specifically falsification, is unlawful and deceptive in every manner. The case study also brings into light the financial controller’s responsibility to his organisation. He is aware of the TV expenditure and knows quite well that it exceeds the laid limit by his organisation. He informs his employers or lets HOHO present the falsified information. He has a duty to the organisation, but his own integrity is also at play. Principles of
Introduction Intellectual disability is a fairly common problem in the modern world. More than 1 billion people live with this diagnosis, with a significant percentage in the middle- and low-income countries ( Inclusion works , 2019). As civilization develops in a humanistic direction, the topic of inclusiveness is becoming increasingly popular. This paper aims to discuss how inclusive modern society is for people with intellectual and other disabilities and describe the most useful inclusion practices. Social and Community Inclusion Intellectual disability is a generalized disorder of nervous development, as a result of which a person has impaired mental and adaptive functioning. A prerequisite for determining intellectual disability is the absence of two or more adaptive behavioral skills and a low level of IQ. Thus, intellectual disability consists of two components – mental and functional and does not depend only on intellectual abilities, excluding from this category people who have adaptive skills and low IQ. The inclusion of people with ID in everyday social life is impossible without creating sound practices and policies to remove physical, communication, and behavioral barriers between them and other people ( Disability and health inclusion strategies , 2020). The elimination of these barriers allows people with disabilities to participate in society fully. The most common inclusive strategies are non-discrimination in relationships, creating a universal design for objects in public places, an adaptation of standard procedures, elimination of stigma, and stereotypes ( Disability and health inclusion strategies , 2020). Noteworthy, quite often, people with disabilities participate in the development of inclusive strategies, as the members of independent organizations dealing with this issue. Impact and Effects on the Person, Family, and Community Disability, including intellectual disability, is a problem not only for individuals but also for their families and the communities in which they live. On the one hand, it is about acceptance, which is vital for a person with a disability. On the other hand, it is imperative to provide such people with work so that they can contribute to the community and be competent members. In this regard, many local and international organizations are working on inclusive cooperation strategies with enterprises, creating jobs, and mo