ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction According to the above statement people see and find things differently; the difference can be seen to be shaped by socialization which has an effect on human character, perception, attitude and self esteem. Being a man or a woman is not wholly defined by biological aspects of an individual but goes further to include social, economical, political, culturally and other social aspects. The idea that sex is given biologically but its roles and expectation, which are seen to be different, are defined by social aspects. This has been agreed by psychologists, sociologists its and political scientists. Femininity and masculinity are socially and historically constructed; these aspects define the characters and life that either female or male has to play in the society. People are both being oppressed and oppressing the others According to functionalism theory, societies are made of structures where every structure is expected to play a certain role for the good operation of the community. With the differentiation, there is continued oppression of others on basis of race, gender, ethnicity, patriarchy, matriarchy or economic situation. When performing different tasks in an economy some people tend to take advantage of the upper hand they have over their counterparts to oppress them. Some of the most used elements of oppression are power, culture, economic well beings, race and political welfare of different classes of people. Sexist should not stand alone on the agenda of creating social equality There is no single definition of gender, as it brings a heated debate among linguists and social scientist. However gender issues does not mean women issues; it involves issues of both men and women looked at different angles and reflection. Sexuality is defined as the biological aspect of a person; it is defined by internal and external organs which differentiate a man and a women. Other biological factors include growth at different times like adolescent differences. It follows a biological determinism approach. When determining the sexuality that one is, there is little that human beings can do but nature takes its cause in such cases. Gender on the other hand emanate from sexuality but is reinforced by cultural and social factors prevailing in the society. Gender is socially and historically reinforced. The reinforcement of gender and their different roles is advocated and progressed through social constructivism approach. It is of the opinion that the existence of perceived difference is as a result of social aspects and believes. These roles are developed through Social constructions. Social construction is a sociolog
In this article titled Areopagitica, John Milton rises against a decree by the parliament that required the licensing of everything that is published. According to Milton, this is against the freedom of the press that is espoused in the constitution and it is also dangerous for the potency of life that the books carry. According to Milton, books have life and any move to restrict books is tantamount to the restriction of life. He argues that the destruction of books is the destruction of life and reason (Milton 67). Man is made in the image of God and is the only creature that can reason. Since the materials that are presented in books are made from man’s reasoning, Milton argues that the killing of a good book is killing of reason which is an image of God. He views books as products of master spirits and they contain some elements of life that are beyond life itself. The persecution of books through the legislative bottlenecks is a war against the living labors of men and women who have dedicated their time, resources, and energy to create the truths that are contained in the books. Destruction of books, whether through physical or legislative action is equivalent to the rejection of the truth and Milton argues that, just as it is impossible to restore the lives of people that have died, it is also impossible to restore a rejected truth that has been lost. He sees books as elements that preserve the life of men because the books outlive the authors just as any good art outlives the artist. People like Homer and Virgil who died thousands of years ago are still living through their books which are being read even in the modern-day. That is why Milton argues that the destruction of the book is the destruction of life and reason. This means
Introduction As the world evolves in the computer world, there is the need for an organization to align itself with the changes. The more the organization adopts new and right technology, the more it will have competitive advantages over the other players in the same sector. To effect/ adopt the new technology, it takes deliberate managerial decision to effectively put it in place. It is via a planned change. The nature of human being is that they repel change and thus to adopt the new technology, there is the need for the management to have a well constituted change platform (Smith, 2006). Why Change to I.T. is Important The business world is a dynamic environment that is affected by the changes in the environment that they are in. It is affected by the technological development in the sector as well as the competitor’s level of technological adoption. There are various advantages that come with adopting the right technology for the right job they include; efficiency in terms of cost and the time required to do business. Efficiency has its advantages that it brings with in the business. They range from customer satisfaction that leads to customer loyalty. Computers are reliable management tools that the management can use to control the businesses that they are managing. There are programs that can be adopted and assist the top management on when to make which decision. They include stock control packages. The time to adopt a new technology is always at the shortest time possible after the invention or improvement of the current one. An aggressive company is the one that adopts a better way of doing things (technology) early enough to have gained from it before the competitors adopt it (Goman, 2000). Cycle to the Processes of Organization Change Before a company adopt a new system of doing things, there is need to appreciate that the new way can only succeed if the employees are positive about the change. This calls for a gradual way process of implementing the change. The organizational culture is one of the factors that can affect the change (negatively or positively). The change agents should understand this well before implementing the change program. Generally, a change follows the following procedure; Problem identification and analysis This is where the agents of change realize that there are / is some process that has to be made. After this there is the looking for the probable solution to the problem that must be alighted with the mission and vision of the organization. In our case here there is the adoption of new I.T. technology that is expected to bring positive change to the organization. The staffs that will be affected as well as the entire team should be given the detailed analysis of what the organization want to do. At this stage the management brain storms the effect of the program with the employees and let the employees learn how they will be affected. If there is any learning needed it is done at this stage. Pilot study There is always no guarantee that the new system is going to be more
The concept “island” always played a great role in British literature. A simple fact, that England is an island influenced the development of the symbol and promoted its spreading in British literature. Sea, as an inalienable component of insular life, also takes a great place in the treasury of images in British images. In The Tempest, the sea is presented as a strict and impartial element: “When the sea is. Hence! What cares these roarers for the name of king?” (Shakespeare 1). A man is helplessly facing the element. Human beings are too small and weak against the storm and sea wrath. So, it is a symbol of insuperable power, which takes away all the possibilities to oppose. Then, an island appears, as a natural partner of the sea. Both symbols are often shown together and act in cooperation. Sea surrounds an island, remotes and isolates it from a continent. Thereby, a sea is a boundary which separates a big land, where a lot of people live, and a secluded world, that is an island. In The Tempest, an island is a place of isolation for several people: great magician Prospero and his daughter, Miranda. They found a shelter there twelve years ago. Still, the island had given refuge for two other people: the witch Sycorax and her son Caliban. Also, the island was inhabited by an air spirit, Ariel. Caliban’s mother did not manage to make him her servant and confine him in a tree. Then she died. Prospero released Ariel and made him his servant. So, even in a direct sense, the island is a place of isolation for many people. It is a place of exile for those who deserve it and those, who suffer without any guilt. Still, Prospero finds a way out. At one, a great magician sets up his daughter’s future, takes vengeance on traitors (his brother and Alonso, king of Naples), and forgives them. Leaving the island, he reveals Ariel from service and decides to forget about practicing magic: “I here abjure, and, when I have required Some heavenly music (which even now I do) To work mine end upon their senses that This airy charm is for, I’ll break my staff Buries it certain fathoms in the earth, And deeper than did ever plummet sound I’ll drown my book”. Shakespeare 73-74 In the epilogue, a reader sees a man, who is tired and sick. Though he has come back to Milan, he thinks about death. Many researchers, who analyzed the play, spoke about the parallel between Shakespeare and Prospero. The magician has a strong sub
Tombs are a significant part of the cultural heritage of the ancient Egyptian civilization. Currently, many of these monuments have survived, which have a different structure but were used for the same purposes. A distinctive feature of ancient Egyptian tombs is their significant ritual meaning and a clear connection to beliefs and social structure. Such structures were intended not only to preserve the mummified body but also to express the attitude of the ancient Egyptians to the afterlife. Moreover, the tombs reflected the position of its owner in society and emphasized the functions that he performed in it. It is also important that the decoration of the monuments illustrates many cultural and social aspects of ancient Egyptian society, which makes them extremely valuable for Egyptological research. The tomb of Mereruka at Saqqara is one of the most famous monuments, which is the tomb of the non-royal person. It belongs to the vizier of King Teti, who was the pharaoh during the Old Kingdom period. First of all, tombs that were built to preserve the mummified body were intended primarily for high-ranking members of society, but there were versions for poorer members as well (Ikram 287). The monument is a mastaba, not a pyramid, which is the most common shape for non-royal tombs (Ikram 290-291). The tomb is also free-standing, which is typical of the Old Kingdom period (Ikram 290). Moreover, the structure is made of stone, which identifies that it was created after the 3rd Dynasty (Ikram 290). Additionally, one can see the stepped structure and columns, which indicates a later construction of this monument. The superstructure of this building reflects the non-royal position of its owner. The tombs of the kings were massive pyramidal structures in a superstructure and a humble substructure (Ikram 293). The inside of the tomb is decorated with texts, which is typical for structures built after the 5th Dynasty (Ikeam 293). In particular, the walls of the monument are decorated with scenes from everyday life, as well as the appeal of the subjects to the king. These aspects point to afterlife beliefs in ancient Egypt, when pyramid texts illustrate an ideal life after the death of the owner (Ikram 295). Pyramid texts also reflected the peculiarities of vizier’s activities, which consisted of “receiving and counting tribute and trade” (Ikram 181). It is noteworthy that one can notice scenes of agriculture and hunting, which reflect not only the direct occupations of the Ancient Egyptians but also have a metaphorical meaning. The position of the vizier is reflected in the numerous scenes of people making offerings to the great figure of the king. Mortuary cults are rituals of offerings and prayers for the departed Egyptians of high social status. Wealthy members of society could afford a mortuary temple in which priests made prayers and read formulated offerings (Ikmram 297). Thus, the rich decoration of the walls and the furnishing of the tomb were necessary to ensure the well-being of the deceased in the afterlife. In particular, in the tomb, the titles and names of the deceased, as well
Abstract In recent years, there has been an on-going emphasis on the withdrawal and reduction of nuclear arms. This is due to the fact that nuclear weapons pose a significant threat to the world’s future security status. In this regard, there have been various agreements made with the goal of keeping countries without nuclear arms from obtaining them. These agreements are commonly referred to as nuclear non-proliferation agreements. The nuclear arms war that has emerged in Asia, particularly in South Asia, has endangered the security of Pakistan and India. Introduction The following essay examines the history and current state of nuclear proliferation in Asia. This essay specifically examines why nuclear proliferation isn’t more widespread throughout Asia despite the availability of nuclear technology. Nuclear weapons pose a significant security threat to Asian countries, particularly India, Pakistan, China and Russia. This essay focuses on India and Pakistan as an example, and examines why there has not been the widespread proliferation of nuclear weapons despite the availability of the technology. Both India and Pakistan conducted nuclear weapons tests, bringing the entire globe to its most precarious state since the beginning of the nuclear age. India first tested its nuclear arms on May 1998, and a month later Pakistan followed suit by testing its own nuclear arms. The two governments declared to the entire world that they are capable of responding to any threats. The nuclear testing by the two states in 1998 undermined the assumptions made by non-proliferating regimes of the declining importance of nuclear weapons. Prior to 1998, there were psychological and political barriers to nuclear testing.However, both India and Pakistan went further and tested their weapons. After the testing by both India and Pakistan, the international community did not seriously consider the need for severe sanctions, and instead imposed disciplinary actions that were unsuccessful in threatening the emerging nuclear states. Following the nuclear tests by these countries, conflict
Number of smokers The act of smoking tobacco or other substances is very prevalent in various parts of the world. Statistics indicate that this practice is common among adults, although a few teenagers and students admit to having tried doing it at least once (Boyle 323). Reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) in the United States indicate that more than 90% of smokers had their first cigarette as teenagers. Currently, more than 1 billion people in the world are engaged in smoking (Boyle 325). Close to 20% of these are young people in the adolescent stage and mostly still in school. The status of smoking around the world has changed a lot over the years due to factors such as lifestyle choices (Rabinoff 146). Illnesses and deaths caused by smoking are still a common phenomenon commonly associated with the practice. Smoking in developed and developing countries There a very few smokers in Europe and the United States. On the other hand, the number of smokers has been increasing every year in countries across Asia, Africa, and South America. Countries with the biggest number of smokers in the world include Russia, Serbia, and Greece (Boyle 330). The burden of illnesses and deaths related to smoking is higher in developing countries where people still struggle with challenges such as poor lifestyle choices and lack of quality health care services (Rabinoff 151). Currently, more than 5 million people die annually as a result of smoking. A small percentage of these deaths constitute second-hand or passive smokers. These are people who do not smoke, but are constantly exposed to smoke from others (Boyle 331). Factors that influence smoking Economic factors and level of education have contributed a lot to the shift of balance in the status of smoking in the world (Alexander 369). In the United States, smoking is very common among the poorest and least educated people in the society. More than 80% of smokers live in economically deprived countries. This is mainly as a
Art is one of the means used to communicate certain ideas to the audience. During ages, there were many subject explored in the works of art depending on the problems that bother people at the time. However, there are concepts and themes that are considered to be “eternal” for art. In this paper, we are going to discuss the concept of time while exploring familiar surrounding and daily life. We will focus on the ways the artists “represent” different approaches to the meaning of time and its perception by different people. In order to explore this subject, we will focus on three works that depict different concepts of time. The first work is the colored pencil drawing called “Time Heals Everything”. In the drawing, we can see a traditional symbol of time – clock- with a branch of roses growing from it. We can also observe birds that also have their symbolic meaning. Providing the interpretation of this drawing, we can say that clock symbolizes the endless of time, and its meaning in people’s everyday. We can remember or forget things within some time, but whatever happens, in some period of time, all people have other vision of the problem. Thus, the most terrible event in the past may seem a miserable thing in future, and “even bare branches can blossom with beautiful roses”. The same, a wounded soul can be healed within time. The second picture is the photography of the cemete
External recruitment Cisco was established in 1984 with the mission of becoming the supplier of choice and attaining a high market share coupled with developing a high level of customer satisfaction and profitability. The core purpose for its establishment was to influence the outlook of global networking positively by creating exceptional opportunities and value for its partners, customers, investors, and employees. Moreover, venturing into the global networking industry would provide Cisco with an opportunity to enhance interaction amongst businesses hence attaining global domination. In a bid to succeed in the global networking industry, Cisco appreciates the importance of developing a strong workforce. Consequently, the firm has integrated an effective employee recruitment policy. Upon its inception, Cisco was facing unprecedented growth both in its local and international market. One of the main reasons for the firm’s growth during its formative years relate to adoption of growth and acquisition strategy. In order to satisfy the human resource needs for the expanding firm, Cisco adopted external recruitment strategy. Secondly, decision to adopt external recruitment was also motivated by the need stimulate employee and organisational growth. External outsourcing hinged on the firm’s quest to meet its fast-growth needs as guided by the principle of outsourcing the best employees from the market in order to become the market leader. By undertaking external recruitment, Cisco was able to pool talent from the external labour market hence increasing its competitiveness. External recruitment provided the firm with an opportunity to outsource candidates with the necessary experience and skills. In an effort to be competitive, Cisco appreciated the need to be more innovative. The firm was of the opinion that external recruitment would culminate in stimulation of a high level of innovation. The reason is that external employees would question how the firm operates hence creation of a forward-thinking culture amongst the employees. In line with its commitment for high employee growth, Cisco has incorporated the concept of executive coaching. Decision to implement executive coaching was motivated by the need to accelerate development of a strong executive team. In its executive coaching, the firm outsources external coaches who collaborate with its managers to undertake executive training. This aspect has played a significant role in developing peer coaching within the firm. Outsourcing the firm has significantly enabled the firm to identify gaps hence improving its competitive strength. Recruitment and retention tactics of Cisco Considering the competitive na
Nowadays, modern psychologists are expected to adhere to a strict and rigid code of ethical principles in order to ensure the validity of their practices and the safety of the patients and participants. Any psychological experiments that are to be conducted are forced to undergo an extensive review by a competent board of experts and receive their approval prior to proceeding. However, it was not always the case. The formal acknowledgment of these ethical guidelines by the American Psychological Association happened only after the famous Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by Professor Philip Zimbardo (“Ethical Guidelines for Human Research” par. 12). Despite the fact that the experiment provided interesting results and the data accumulated during the research was later used as a basis for improvement of prison conditions, it still violated several ethical guidelines and put the physical and mental health of the participants at unnecessary risk. The purpose of this paper is to explore the moral qualms of the Stanford Prison Experiment. Professor Philip Zimbardo, when conducting his study, wanted to find out how readily the participants would adapt and conform to the roles of a prisoner and a guard during a roleplay exercise. The investigation was sparked by numerous reports of the brutality of the guards in prisons. This experiment was supposed to give an answer as to whether this tendency had something to do with the personalities of the guards or the environment that they found themselves in. For this experiment, 24 participants were chosen out of 75 volunteers. The students were split in half. One group had to play the prisoners and another – the guards. The setting emphasized realism – the fake prison looked very real, and the professor even arranged an unexpected arrest of the participants in their homes by the local police department. The prisoners were told to refer to one another only by their numbers. The guards wore dark shades to avoid any direct eye contact with the prisoners. No explicit rules about prisoner conduct were given, aside from the fact that no violence was allowed. The guards were instructed to maintain order through any means necessary (Danko 1). Although the experiment was meant to last for two weeks, it was terminated after six d