ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Cultural tourism entails the movement of persons to a specific location or region with the aim of experiencing other cultures or cultural events different from home one’s cultural practices. It also involves exploring the lifestyles of indigenous communities, heritage sites and aspects that influence people’s lifestyles such as art and drama. Cultural heritage including the historical and archaeological sites of a place or a country also contributes to tourist attraction. Cultural tourism can also involve visitation to cultural precincts that offer diverse cultural experiences to the visitor. Religious tourism involves religious pilgrimage to religious sites for religious reasons. Cultural tourism brings important socio-economic benefits to the local community and helps to preserve cultural heritage. However, most cultures are undergoing transformations to offer ideal tourism experience to visitors and this might involve introducing new cultural elements or inventing ceremonies that never existed before. However, sustainable cultural tourism should promote better understanding of the cultures of the native people and preserve the natural and social environments of the cultural sites. Benefits of Cultural Tourism Cultural tourism brings immense economic and socio-cultural benefits to the local community even though this form of tourism might have some disadvantages to the preservation of the indigenous traditions and culture. Economically, cultural tourism generates employment opportunities to the local communities as people are employed in tourism-related industry as tour and travel guides and administrators in the tourist centers and resorts. Other people are employed in the tourist hotels and as chefs in restaurants and the increased employment opportunities lead to rise in the economic status of the natives. Cultural tourism contributes to the preservation and transmission of cultural practices from generation to generation (Gimblet, 1998, p.67). In addition, cultural heritage tourism contributes to the conservation and protection of cultural heritage sites and regeneration of disappearing cultural arts and crafts, in the process encouraging appreciation of the natural and cultural sites by the natives. This element is important in the conservation of biodiversity as the natives become aware of the value of their natural and historical heritage. However, unsustainable tourism development deters the conservation efforts as the biodiversity declines due to overuse. In some cases, cultural tourism supports the establishment of community facilities and services that benefit the natives. This includes physical infrastructural facilities such as roads, electricity and water supply. Other benefits include establishment of health and recreational facilities, restaurants that serve both the natives and the tourists. Cultural tourism is an important element for promoting peace among communities by bringing people with different cultural practi
The perception of God in theological knowledge has been raised many times over thousands of years, during which this ancient discipline has been developing. Starting with the Greek philosopher Plato and continuing with Augustine in the Western tradition, the concept of Divine love for one’s creation, man, was studied by theologians. In the modern cultural situation, when human knowledge is enriched with significant scientific achievements and philosophy has reached an unprecedented level of reflection, the concept of God seems to be complicated by many factors. These factors represent modern human’s requests for what God should be in order to be able to believe in him. Modern theology is divided into several schools, each of which represents its own line of view on the question of God’s participation in the life of every person on Earth. There are adherents of the Open View, that is, the idea of practical divine non-interference in people’s lives. However, John Feinberg, one of the thinkers considered in detail, argues that their view cannot, in fact, be registered as truly religious. For the most part, the theological thought of other schools tries to determine the degree of divine presence in people’s lives and the human task in this regard. In essence, modern religious thought is looking for a balance between what would correspond to the category of faith, that is, preserve it, and modern scientific achievements. Theology, according to modern representatives of this discipline, should be able to answer complex and sometimes even cynical questions arising in relation to such an ethically problematic topic as faith. Speaking of theologians whose developments seek to meet the requirements of all other serious sciences, one should focus on the conceptual developments of John Feinberg. The scientist in his research raises difficult questions about human ethics in relation to the Christian perspective. His concept is considered to be Calvinistic, but with changes or nuances. Feinberg’s shift of emphasis is to preserve the idea of the salvation of the human soul and full divine sovereignty but changes the very modality of divine presence. Feinberg is characterized by the so-called soft determinism, the idea that God’s plan is translated into reality, but not directly by every action. John Feinberg’s ideas conceptually fit into the philosophical developments of the second half of the 20th century. In these concepts, the world appears to be a ramified and decentralized system, changing under the influence of virtually any, even the smallest, factors. Feinberg tries to adjust this thought to the divine concept and declares that God is ahead of human actions, making them indirect stages on the way to realizing his own will. Divine will in this aspect remains unshakable since Feinberg is convinced of this
In my opinion, the book is an attempt to analyze the movement in defense of globalization, and the criticism is based on a complex argumentation. I consider the book might help to understand the position of anti-globalization. In his book, Bhagwhati deals with many of the problems faced by the modern globalized humanity, at the same time, showing the failure of ideas of anti-globalization. The author assesses the state and origins of the modern anti-globalization movement. In his view, this concept could be divided into two groups – conscientious objectors relating to globalization with a deep antipathy and those whose protests do not go beyond common discontent (Bhagwati 104). In addition, the author notes several reasons for the anti-globalization among which the ideology of 1960-1980’s, or postcolonialism ideas, for example. I chose this book because it reveals the main tendencies of the modern world, in particular, the dispute between globalization opponents and protectors. I want to learn problems, their effectiveness, and possible solutions presented in the book. In order to understand the interdependence of economies, people, and states in the world better, it seems necessary to learn In Defence of Globalisation that is directed to the global perspective. Two books I want to compare and contrast with the above one are the following: The Age of Supply: Overcoming The Greatest Challenge To The Global Economy by Daniel Alpert that describes the fact that the global demand is significantly less than supply and Globalising Capital: A History of the International Monetary System, Exorbitant Priviledge, and Hall of Mirrors by Barry Eichengreen that underlines the significance of the worldwide monetary system for comprehension of the global economy. Works Cited Bhagwati, Jagdish N. In Defense of Globalization: With a New Afterword , New York: Oxford UP, 2007. Print.
Introduction The impact of business operations on the environment has emerged to be a major concern especially in the developed economies. This is accompanied by the rising external pressures and internal motivation for environmentally sustainable business practices (Delmas & Toffel 2005, p.4). Various causes have significantly contributed to the current environmental crisis. Those who argue for environment-friendly business practices have presented notable common causes that relate to natural environment protection. They claim that the causes emanate because of the escalating demands for natural resources by corporations. Further, the intense machine utilization which emits harmful substances that degrade and consequently damage the natural environment is another factor which necessitates corporation to protect and equally care about the natural environment. The consumers’ strong inclination and preference to merchandises which are inexpensive yet prove not to be environmental friendly as opposed to expensive environmental friendly products has also been suggested as a factor that obliges corporations to partake activities that protect the natural environment (Selin & VanDeveer 2006, p.11). However, many people have noted lack of any important relationship between the environment and corporations. The lingering argument is that environmental responsibility is politically-oriented and corporations should always focus on their respective core businesses. As a result, this paper attempts to answer the question “Should a corporation care about and protect the natural environment?” Apparently, environmental protection can be an opportunity to strengthen the relationship between a corporation and its stakeholders as well as a strategy to create competitive advantage. The environment and corporate stakeholders The execution of environmental management practices in any corporation is influenced by stakeholders like consumers, suppliers, legislators, employees and customers. In particular, consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious while the increasing green market segment prefers ecologically sound goods and services. Indeed, these consumers are eager to sacrifice some economic development for environmental protection. Suppliers also exercise substantial pressure on business partners particularly for adoption of environmental certificates and establishment
What defines living organisms from non-living? A living organism has a structure, reaction to stimuli, reproduction, growth, adaptation, and homeostasis. However, there is a gray area between living and non-living that is called virus. A virus is a microscopic parasite that is much smaller than bacteria. It contains nucleic acids, DNA or RNA that are surrounded by a protein coat (Vidyasagar, 2016). This essay discusses viruses regarding two characteristics of life: reproduction and adaptation. Viruses cannot replicate alone, so they use various components of a host cell to make copies of themselves. Without the host cell, viruses are unable to replicate and even survive for a long period (Vidyasagar, 2016). It can be considered as a living organism, as it provides its genetic material to it copies and makes up new generations. However, viruses cannot sustain themselves and are not capable for independent replication, hence, it is not a living organism. Another characteristic of life is the ability to adapt to the surrounding conditions. Adaptation consists of characteristics needed for the survival and reproduction of a living organism. Viruses can adapt to their host through various mechanisms and use its metabolism for their adaptation (Simmonds, 2019). Even if the host itself is evolving or changing, the virus can also adapt to the changes, as such, it is difficult to kill the viruses. To conclude, viruses are on the boundaries of the living and non-living area. They have a genetic material, however, still are not considered to be living organisms since they cannot replicate independently. Viruses need the host cells to activate and sustain themselves. Nevertheless, they are good in adaptation to the changes in the host organisms, so that pass a new genetic code to their new generations, keeping them resistant from extinction.
The article commences with the persona stating that he is black. It has further outlined that the persona’s plain declaration of his race shall have some social problems that must be addressed. In a nutshell, the persona has stated that his declaration concerning his race will create a fuss and thus he questions whether he should let the society to continue perceiving him as being a white. According to Kocur and Leung, the majority of people in the United States have a predisposed notion that it is better to be white [1] . This kind of thinking has deprived people the chance to identify the intrinsic values possessed by the blacks. According to the persona, blacks inherently possess a better culture than the whites. The article has laid out that the persona’s decision to stick to his race would take a two fold interpretation in which some of the whites who are closely tied to him and his work viewing it as a betrayal. Such whites would conclude that the persona has insulted their previous relationship with him. On the other hand, a number of people would view his move as a business one in which the persona was seeking publicity to market his artistry [2] . The author has further stated that his decision to identify himself as being black is not motivated by the desire to market his work, but to attain peace of mind that he would not have if he pretended to be white. It is evident that the persona had experienced some degrading scenarios in which white people had insulted blacks. The persona greatly detests this kind of behavior and has narrated that various research works have been conducted where it has been proved that about 20% of all the whites in the United States have a black ancestry. Therefore, it is everybody’s obligation to choose where they belong without incriminating the other r
Background Many people often confuse the concepts of leadership and management (Stanley, 2006). While some believe they are the same, others think they are unrelated (Lopez, 2014). This debate/confusion traverses across different disciplines, including economics, public service, governance, and social sciences. In the nursing field, it has emerged through the blurred lines between nursing management roles and senior management roles, which have led to a loss of clear nursing leadership in the field (Stanley, 2006). This confusion has further led to the failure of many nursing professionals to understand the roles of nursing managers and nursing leaders. Stanley (2006) weighs in on this argument by saying that complexity, loss of focus, and role overlaps between managers and leaders in the nursing field have exacerbated this problem. The same reasons have led some nursing managers to say that they feel disempowered and less satisfied with their jobs and roles (Stanley, 2006). Similarly, the same problem has created issues of low employee retention numbers. This paper explains the differences between leadership and management and highlights how both concepts relate to the APRN field. From this background, we demonstrate that good leaders need both excellent leadership and management skills. What is the Difference between the Two Concepts? The Manager is the “Action Character,” while the Leader is the “Action Creator” Generally, leaders formulate a vision for an organization, while managers implement the same vision. Stated differently, a leader would set a direction for other people to follow, while the manager would develop a plan to stick to this direction. Here, a leader could say, “Get everybody together because I want to share some great news about the direction we would follow,” while a manager could probably send a memo to employees indicating when they should meet and what they would discuss in the meeting. Based on this difference, the manager is the “action character,” while the leader is the “action creator.” Leaders have people who follow them, while Managers have People who Work for them Leaders have people who follow them because their followers buy into their vision, while managers have followers who choose to work for them to get a pay, or reward, at the end of the month, or a contractual period (Lopez, 2014). Leaders Encourage employees, while managers instruct employees The main role of leaders is to motivate or empower, their followers to work on their vision. Comparatively, managers instruct employees to do the same. The latter often uses punishment, or reward, to accomplish their goals,
Introduction Motivating employees is a crucial and complicated task for managers. However, employee motivation is an important tool for achieving organizational goals. Therefore, without motivation, it is difficult to complete organizational tasks. Often, people have regarded money as the greatest motivator for employees, but money only motivates people to a limited extent. Therefore, managers may use other motivational methods to motivate their teams. This paper explores some of these motivational methods, in the context of an organization that is undergoing restructuring (downsizing). Therefore, the motivational approaches for this paper apply to an organizational restructuring context where a manager prepares employees to embrace a set of proposed organizational restructuring strategies. Leading by Example Westwood (2010) says that motivation starts with leaders. Indeed, motivating employees, by example, is perhaps the most effective method that most employees can learn from their managers. Westwood (2010) also says that great leaders should demonstrate effective leadership through their actions. Her view stems from the fact that about 80% of organizational actions stem from only 20% of the actions that most managers demonstrate (Westwood, 2010). Therefore, those managers who fail to motivate their employees often fail to pay attention to their actions. Consequently, Westwood (2010) advises managers to pursue several strategies of improving their actions, as a way to motivate their employees. Some of her suggestions include focusing on long-term goals, being self-aware of their actions, and focusing on activities that provide good results, as opposed to those that do not exhibit the same results (Westwood, 2010). In her view, the best leaders are consistent, always try to improve what they do, and always strive to be the best they can be. In the same context, Westwood (2010) suggests that those managers who fail to motivate their employees should not blame the employees, but instead, act positively as leaders. Comprehensively, if managers demonstrate a strong commitment to do their best work in the organization, they are bound to have the same effect on their employees. Similarly, if managers act like they are not motivated to do their best work, their negative work attitude is bound to rub off negatively on their employees as well. Therefore, in the context of this paper, it is crucial for managers to exude excitement about the proposed restructuring efforts in the organization. Through their positive attitudes, the employees will also find a reason to be positive about the organization changes as well. Connecting Employee Efforts with Organizational Growth It is important to draw the link between employee contribution and the overall growth of an organization. For example, managers may show their employees practical examples of how employee contribution supports organizational growth. More specifically, Cohen-Meitar & Ca
In the world of exaggerated advertising claims, Clinique’s advertisement for a night cream known as “Youth Surge Night: Age Decelerating Night Moisturizer” borders on the outrageous (Fashion 8). Careful analysis of advertisements that claim to reverse the effects of aging allows a consumer to develop awareness of her own self-limiting beliefs and prejudices. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight the fear and ageism, particularly in women under the age of 30, which advertisers manipulate to market and sell products. The two-page advertisement appears within the front section of the March issue of the magazine Fashion , between two advertisements for high-end apparel. A general analysis of the content of the ads found in Fashion gives us a fairly accurate portrait of its readership. The ads suggest that this publication targets Caucasian, urban women under the age of 30. Fashion readers will likely be educated: most will boast a college education or better. Socio-economically speaking Fashion readers tend to be professional and middle-class. Most significantly, Fashion appeals to family-oriented heterosexual women in their prime childbearing years, therefore, most if not all will have babies on their minds. Women in this stage of life probably fall into two camps: those that are single seek to attract a male partner in order to procreate and establish the bonds of family. Those that are in relationships ask themselves if their current partner is the right man for the long term. It is a fragile time of life for many women, especially career women, since they balance maternity needs and career advancement during these years. The season in which this advertisement appears also bears note. March represents the transition between winter and spring, a time when women generally turn their attention towards spring fashion, and by extension, body image. At this time of year, female consumers may feel slightly vulnerable; perhaps they have gained a bit of weight over the winter. Spring also represents another year of aging; it is another indication of time moving forward. Why is this significant? Advertisers understand the fear that women hold around the loss of youth. For women, historically speaking as well as in our time, youth and its attendant beauty and vitality has been the main power bargaining tool available for women in the market for a husband and parenting partner. For women pondering motherhood, attracting and holding a male becomes paramount, and most women believe that their looks attract and hold men’s interest above all other qualities. Clinique sells youth to those who fear losing theirs the most. Clinique’s “Youth Surge Night: Age Decelerating Night Moisturizer” contains two large images: a photo of a delicate and perfect pink flower, with healthy green leaves, frozen into a block of ice, and the product. The frozen flower rests on top of the product. Significantly, on the lower right corner of the ice cube, a single drop of water beads. The ice melts. The visual style is horizontally aligned and weighted disproportionately left: 50 percent of the ad is image – the entire left hand page – and the right 5