ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Any piece of artwork symbolizes an artist’s main ideas towards specific topics. Interpreting the form and the content of any iconic work is crucial for identifying the information the painters intended to communicate to the larger audience. In “ Madonna and Child ,” the author Sano di Pietro presents the images of holy figures to explain their sanctity to the viewer and convey the artistic styles from earlier periods. In this visual analysis, the artistic form of “ Madonna and Child” will be investigated, and the author’s ideas will be discussed. Each painting is closely related to the age that it has been produced in. As such, “ Madonna and Child ” with the saints John the Baptist and Jerome was created between 1450 and 1455. Sano di Pietro is believed to have painted the triptych in Siena, Italy. In this artwork, Child Jesus and Mary, his mother, are looking at each other with an evident passion, flanked by the holy figures of the martyrs John and Jerome. This painting’s format is an extra-large triptych, possibly chosen to create a distinctive appearance and present the characters in detail. The image is made from impressive materials, such as tempera and oil paints, and engraved on wood. Additionally, the decorations are inscribed on a steel stamp material to emphasize its importance as a religious icon. In the “ Madonna and Child ,” various unique color palettes can be distinguished. For instance, at first glance, Mary is dressed in a long blue gown with a yellow inner lining. However, the gown also incorporates multiple colors, such as red and white pigments, to create aesthetic beauty. The image further shows a striking color intensity and contrast, as the blue, yellow, and red colors are combined to devise varied clothing. The artist implements transparent white glazes to present a natural scene as an integral element of the characters’ holiness. At the same time, the color intensity distinguishes the foreground and the background of the painting. The artwork further adopts unique artistic composition. For example, the “ Madonna and Child ” altarpiece is fabricated from a three-dimensional shape and a two-layering technique repr
Introduction The structure of gender roles and ideologies is largely dependent on cultural inclinations. Women play an important role in the progress of our societies and should occupy a significant place in the society. They should never be seen and treated as inferior to men on the premises of gender. Gender has a lot to do with ability than one’s biological orientation (Brettell & Sargent, 2005). Both men and women should have equal opportunities as far as power, authority and property are concerned. This is not always the case because in most cultures, men are regarded as superior and given more opportunities and easy access to resources. Islam accorded equal opportunities to both men and women in the society when it realized the important roles that women play in the society. However some believe that women are helpers of men and should not have equal opportunities. Culture and the place of women in the society As Brettell and Sargent note, women play an important role in preserving and fostering the human race. This is a unique position that they hold which is often taken for granted. Some cultures trim down the role of women to this; women should stay at home and give birth. In Athens for instance, during the Classical Period, girls did not have equal opportunities in education like boys. When writers like Marrou wrote about education, there was no mention of education for girls (Brettell & Sargent, 2005). This condition changed after Macedonians conquered Helleniasics. Women were given equal chances in education as their male counterparts. Most girls did not however attend school since the society believed that women were best suited to perform household duties and give birth. Most girls got married at puberty while their husbands would be about double their age. This indicates that societal perception of women as assistants can be traced back to history. Socrates believed that there are some things that women are supposed to know. These things were household chores. He saw these as the most immediate tasks for women. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently published a report suggesting that it is in Sub-Saharan Africa where one can find the poorest person and that the person is a woman. In the African culture, women are deprived of their dignity since the cultures are yet to reach a consensus on roles which women play in society. The level of education for the average girl child remains low despite efforts by governments and other stakeholders. The roles of women are confined to household chores and this has been a tradition since time immemorial (Brettell & Sargent, 2005). Although some cultures are gradually accepting the importance of the place of women, some still believe that they are lesser beings while men take up technical and economic responsibilities. In many African societies women do not enjoy the benefits of equal st
Introduction Breast cancer affects mostly women, which results from the breast tissue found in the inner coating of the milk ducts or the lobules, which are charged with the task of supplying milk. A number of breast cancer varieties exist, including ductile carcinomas, which originate from the ducts and the lobular carcinomas, which originate from the lobules. Studies show that breast cancer is only common in human beings and a few other mammals. It should be noted that breast cancer occur in men as well meaning that it is not a disease that strictly affects women. Breast cancer is curable if it is detected at an early stage, even though the screening process has always been the matter of controversy in the world of science. Screening has some advantages, as well as numerous side effects. This paper aims at evaluating the costs of screening (Sariego, 2010). The treatment offered to patients suffering from cancer is influenced by the characteristic of the cancer type. Some of the curative measures available include surgery, the use of medicine, exposure to radiation and immunotherapy. This article looks at the symptoms and the causes or the factors that predisposes people to breast cancer briefly before proceeding to evaluate the effectiveness of the diagnosis techniques. Signs and Symptoms Breast cancer is one of the killer diseases in the modern society all over the world. One of the major symptoms is the development of a lump, which is usually very different from other breast tissues. Studies show that all patients suffering from breast cancer felt the lump before they were diagnosed of the diseases. The mammogram is the first indication of breast cancer, even though other indications such as the presence of the lymph nodes in the armpits are also the early indications of breast cancer. Other symptoms of breast cancer include the thickening of breast tissues whereby it might lead to one breast becoming larger. Moreover, a nipple may change its position to an extent of becoming inverted. In some patients, rushes in the nipple indicate the symptoms of the disease and in some instances there might be a discharge from the nipple (Lacroix, 2006). Even though pain around the breast or the armpit is not a reliable symptom, it is also an indication that might warrant diagnosis. It might be difficult to diagnose certain types of breast cancer such as inflammatory breast cancer. The symptoms of this type of cancer might resemble those of a simple inflammation such as itching and the swelling of the breast. Causes or Risk Factors of Breast Cancer The predisposing factors of breast cancer include the sex of an individual and the age. For women, the major predisposing factors are childbearing meaning that the more an individual have children, the high the risks of contacting breast cancer. This factor is closely related to breast feeding. Other risk factors include high hormone secretion, the diet of an individual, and other diseases such as obesity. Under the lifestyle of an individual, it is establi
The critical reading assignment focused on Sharma a scholar who focuses on Ancient India and how women in region during the period coming after the 16 th B.C chose to become Buddhist nuns. This paper presents three different journal articles by different authors at the same time analyzing how each one of these articles tackles the issue of women and the Buddhist religion The first article “Women in Ancient India” by C.D Weerasinghe focuses on how Ancient Indian women became Buddhist nuns. The author of this article clearly gives an account of how particular women bikkhunis and Buddhists nuns chose to become lay-devotees of Buddhism eventually becoming nuns. For instance, the author gives a well written account of how Budha’s step-mother and aunt joined Buddhism. Here, he clearly presents the main reasons and underlying circumstances necessitating the decision made by this early Buddhist nun. In this account, Weerasighe asserts that Gotami having no one to look up to after loosing her husband, she had no choice but to study Buddha’s doctrines. This explains how she became the first woman Buddhist and later Buddhist lay-devotee albeit without being influenced by anybody. Weerasighe’s arguments tends to concur with those of Sharma in the sense that they both agree to the view that most women chose to abandon everything and devout their lives to self-deprivation in order to become Buddhists. Additionally, his discussion tends to agree with Sharma’s examination of seventy one female nuns in the Therigatha where he asserts that most of them joined the order not because of their unsatisfactory marriage or family lives, but because of the positive influence of Buddha’s ways. In a similar way, Yasodhara chose to practice deprivation and join Buddhism despite her young and happy marriage to prince Siddhattha. This was due to the appreciation and influence of Buddha. On the other hand, the second article, “Buddhist Nuns in the Kathmandu Valley: An Evolving consciousness” by Dr. Sarah Levine, the author outlines some reasons why women of Kathmandu valley opted to become nuns. The author in this case is only concerned with the period preceding and coming immediately after the eighties. According to Levine (24),most women in this region chose to become nuns mainly because three major reasons. Women joined Buddhism either because they wanted to escape from the doctrine of marriage, or they were seekin
As a matter of fact, one of the most comprehensive definitions of marketing was given by the American Marketing Association (AMA). According to it, marketing is “the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large” (AMA, n.d., para. 2). Although all components of the marketing form consumers’ demands, they are also affected by their free choice. As people may choose products offered by multiple marketers on the basis of the price-quality balance and individual preferences businesses should consider all factors in order to succeed. For instance, for the creation of offerings, companies currently analyze the target audience and its expectations shaped by age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to meet people’s demands (U.S. Small Business Administration, n.d.). At the same time, when consumers are free in their choice, they tend to search for information concerning products with the help of various sources. including those ones that are traditionally used for communication. Thus, free choice associated with changing consumer behavior forces companies to “modify their marketing communication by implementing new forms and tools to gain the trust of customers and to influence purchase” (Kusa et al., 2021, p. 150). That is why marketers currently use advertising and direct communication with consumers via digital social media and communication platforms to customize offerings and reach as many clients as possible. In addition, customers’ free choice affects the delivery of valuable goods as well. In a highly competitive environment, people do not want to wait for a long time or face inappropriate service related to product delivery. That is why companies not only try to optimize their supply chains but to ensure that customers may rely on them in the future if they require support using a purchased product.
Nitrogen Nitrogen is an element that constitutes over 78% of the total air. It is an important constituent of the air, and once in the blood hemoglobin, it lowers blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity and it’s also a component of vitamin A. It is a major constituent of the environment and all organic tissues and is present in the air as nitric oxide. Nitrogen has various effects on the food supply, and it’s present in the soil in the form of nitrates and nitrites. In the soil, these are the forms that food is stored in, nitrates, and nitrites. These are chemical compounds of nitrogen and oxygen that have various effects on food. A high concentration of nitrogen in the soil causes root foods to have concentrated amounts of the same. When consumed they cause adverse effects on human and animals health because it affects oxygen intake into the blood. It also affects thyroid glands in living beings and this leads to affected Vitamin A production in the body. Nitrogen, therefore, hurts foods if it is absorbed in huge concentrations as they have more harm than good to the body. Underground root foods especially the tubers are greatly affected by these nitrogen compounds through absorption and may be harmful to human beings. Synthetic nitrogen and killer food allergies Synthetic nitrogen is nitrogen that has been converted into a form that can be absorbed into the body and used in the body through assimilation. Most of these are introduced into the soil through fertilizers and other organic matter for example decaying and decayed matter. Through combustion and reaction with the oxygen elements in the soil, they combine to form compound elements that can be absorbed and utilized in the body of plants. Recent research has shown that synthetic nitrogen interferes with the soil’s natural setting, disrupting its carbon composition and this leads to poor soil composition. When plants are growing, they absorb carbon dioxide into them for the synthesis of food. This carbon remains in the soil at manageable levels and regulates its amount and composition in the soil. When synthetic nitrogen is introduced into the soil in form of fertilizers, it affects the composition and setting of this carbon that has already been set in the soil and this affects the soils’ general composition, degrading its quality. This has the effect of leaving the soil prone to compaction and poor drainage. Many people have and develop allergies to leguminous foods such as beans and peas. Leguminous foods are highly organic and have a high concentration of nitrogen and require nitrates for food. When usable nitrogen is absorbed into these plants in high concentrations, they end up being absorbed into the seeds too, which are used as foods in this case. With a high concentration of nitrates in the foods, people who develop an allergy towards leguminous foods will develop complications especially in their blood and breakdown of Vitamin A. this consequently results in gradual complications such as obesity. Acidic rains and Global warming Acidic rains are the contaminated rains that fall
Adam, R. and Adam, J. 2006. The Works in Architecture of Robert and James (Dover Books on Architecture). Dover Publications. The book is considered to be the principal source of the research paper, as it reflects style, design peculiarities, and principle works of architecture created by Robert Adam. The work covers decades of architect’s work characterizing the individual manner of the presentation of his project. The essay, which is predominantly based on the Georgian architecture of Robert Adams, reflects the most prominent renovations of various pre-existing buildings described in the book. It is necessary to underline the idea that Georgian design was demonstrated through the examples of townhouses architected by Robert Adam. The paper discloses the most important characteristics of such works of architecture performed in London at the end of the 18th century. The book describes not only the houses and other buildings of Georgian style but characterizes people whose status allowed being the owner of such designed models. It should be noted that Robert Adam is described as a great contributor to the sphere of architecture and design projecting several significant buildings of his epoch. Curl, J. S. 2002. Georgian Architecture. David and Charles. The book is concentrated on the analysis of the most remarkable stylistic diversity of the 18th century through Robert Adam’s exemplification. The work is considered to be a very important source for the research paper, as it is an illustrated guide to reigns architecture. Curl managed to highlight Robert Adam’s contribution to English architecture in the period 1728-1792, describing him as the outstanding decorator and designer whose works dominated at the end of the 18th century. He stressed the feature of Georgian architecture sponged by Robert Adam in his buildings and internal design. It is interesting to note that the book provides data helpful for illustration the basic intentions of the architect’s works and the message he strived to reflect through his creative practice. It should be stressed that the author identifies the outstanding buildings by Robert Adam, s
The issues and questions of population care, composition and control are complex problems influenced by economic, social and political situations in the country. This issue requires complex approaches based on the unique situation inside the country and its financial health. In India, the questions of population care, composition and control are both national and international concern because of the unstable political and economic situation inside the country. Population care and composition requires national approaches based on cultural traditions and historical trends. For instance, the money comes flowing in, and because none of the retired population is covered, little of the financial resources goes flowing out. Early surpluses tend to get spent, and taxes tend to remain low. The result is that social support programs have tendencies toward financial instability, in part because of anticipated outflows of profits, but also because their short-term financing is increasingly dependent on the Indian economy (Dyson et al 76). In this case, the Indian government should stipulate the main trends and approaches but the international community should support these ideas and maintain close cooperation in such issues as pandemics and disease management. Roughly half of everything that federal, state, and local authorities spend on social welfare, including education, housing, welfare, veterans programs, health, social insurance, and other human services, goes toward social support expenditures that amount to 9% of the gross national product. The major health care programs cover nearly all workers and their families (Dyson et al 32). In case of population control, this issue should be influenced by national policies only. In spite of the existence of public and private transfers, the Indian government has also chosen to make a substantial investment in social insurance. Thus, international cooperation and consultations are possible as they will help India to adopt new programs and plans for population control and resource allocation. Program costs are predictable for each social program and are then divided by the number of people paying into the program. Then, when these healthcare risks which workers and their families are protected against occur, benefits are paid as an earned right. In other words, in exchange for a moderately modest premium payment, the insurer assumes the risk that would otherwise have to be borne by the individual and his or her family. National support, by definition, involves the use of a “means test,” and social support does not. Here, in brief, is how such programs are generally structured. Utilizing social principles, the population pool their resources, thereby enabling them to share their risks (Dyson et al 44). In sum, population care, composition and population control are complex problems requiring national concern and international support.
Introduction Minimalism and question affix refers to the grammatical structure in English speaking and it involves several word formations. The English grammar changes with different structural pronunciations depending on the native language of the speaker. For instance, the Arabic language influence on the English language is quite outstanding, and this aspect mainly initiates the study of the Standard Arabic structure and formations in the English grammar approach. This paper will highlight the different assumptions by Chomsky’s analysis in the grammatical structure with respect to the yes-no questions by the Standard Arabic structure. Moreover, the paper will discuss the use of the syntax of negotiation in interrogative formats and show how verbal and nominal questions are derived. In conclusion, the paper will give the proposed minimalist, which gives the structural order in the Standard Arabic versions. Minimalism and Question Affix The levels of the Minimalist Program (MP) fall into two main categories, viz. Logical Form (LF) and Phonological Form (PF). The LF merges with semantic concepts of the cognition interface systems therein. Similarly, the PF is articulator-perceptually associated with the language modules. Conventionally, language is viewed as a composition of lexicon and computation systems, which are constructed uniquely to meet at either PF or LF. Furthermore, the structural deviation of any language takes the LF or the PF formats that interface freely for grammatical composition. Ultimately, a free deviation from the lexicon that makes new formations creates the PF. However, the LF does not have any lexicon to interface. Ultimately, the constituent must operate around the first position above its original position. The Shortest Move discourages any skippin