ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Dickerson’s NY Times article focuses on the story of a Guatemalan family who tried to find a better life in the United States but faced President Trump’s anti-immigration policies that divided mother and son. Even when politics itself has come to an end, the story of Ms. Peren and her son is not over. Many families have been in a similar situation, and not all are as lucky as Peren, who was able to find refuge in a wealthy family’s home in Brooklyn (Dickerson). Now the situation is even more difficult, as many such volunteer groups lack the resources to help all those in need. This family’s history began in their native Guatemala, where living conditions were systematically deteriorating for several years. By 2015, a significant increase in crime and the influence of gangsters trying to knock money out of ordinary people added to the severity of everyday life (Dickerson). Not wanting to become a victim of such criminal elements, the woman, together with her son, tried to escape from the terrible fate to the north, to the border with the United States. Unfortunately, they did not yet know about the news regarding the separation of families at the border, so they fell victim to Trump’s new policy. The border patrol agents who captured them placed the family in separate cells. Waking up in the morning, Ms. Peren discovered her son was missing, and after escaping one nightmare, she found herself in another. Yovany, her son, was transferred to a refuge in Arizona, where he spent nine months. According to the boy, it was the saddest place he had ever been (Dickerson). Luckily for him, however, he was released and adopted into a foster home in Texas who treated him surprisingly well. Simultaneously, the mother herself, seven months after the separation, agreed to deportation, believing that it would be easier for her to fight for her rights in freedom. Fortunately for her, in 2019, she ran into a family of Indian-born human rights activists who helped her move to New York and then move her son there. Despite being reunited 26 months later, rebuilding the mother-son relationship was not an easy task. Each of them has changed during this time, falling under the public’s influence and suffering from Trump’s policies. However, despite the difficulties with adaptation and finding a job, their lives gradually improve, although the relationship cannot be called the same. Work Cited Dickerson, Caitlin. “Three Years After Family Separation, Her Son Is Back. But Her Life Is Not.” New York Times, 2020.
Abstract Fighting obesity has been an ongoing battle that still haunts mankind. Despite being aware of the fact that the ingredients of our daily meals have a great impact on the structure and functioning of our bodies, we care very little about such aspects. It is not until we become victims of obesity that we start controlling our diets. In line with previous research in this field, this paper tries to assess the effects of energy-restricted diets on obese postmenopausal women. 680 free-living, post-menopausal women took part (from 2005 to 2012) in this research. Depending on their waist size, the participants were divided into two groups. Among these participants, 560 were found to have a waist size of ≥ 90 cm. To notice the effect of an energy-restricted weight loss diet on these obese women, they were divided into two groups of 280 each. One group was selected for an 18-month energy-restricted diet. Various tests were done to measure the biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risks of breast cancer. The results showed a considerable reduction in the waist size of the participating women. In addition to the weight loss, it was also noticed that the women showed fewer indications of cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer. Discussion Since the past couple of decades, obesity has become a menace for people, health care professionals, and governments of industrialized nations. It is gaining rapid pace in the developing nations as well.¹⁰ It is the need of the hour to devise measures to tackle this multifaceted ailment. Several types of research have been done in the past to arrive at certain concrete results that might suggest some remedies for reducing the causes of obesity. This particular research is a step towards assessing the effectiveness of an energy-restricted diet on obese menopausal women. The finally selected 280 participants were subjected to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), after a fasting period of 16 hours. To determine the plasma glucose levels in the participants, blood samples were taken after 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes – after gluc
Introduction Racism is a destructive form of discrimination. This is because is devalues other people’s identity and denies them their right to exercise power. It destroys the unity within a community and leads to social divisions. It violates the democratic right of equality and the fair treatment of all people. One has to understand the nature and form of racism that exist if he has to succeed in countering it. It is a world wide phenomenon that has been experienced in many countries and it mainly results from economic, political, and social factors. This papers gives a brief overview of three forms of discrimination (Lynching, Segregation, and Jim Crow Laws) practiced against African American in the United States. Lynching Lynching can be defined as the illegal killing of an individual by the mob. It is defined as “any act of violence inflicted by a mob upon the body of another person which results in the death of the person” (Barry 218). A mob is defined as a group of two (or more populace) congregating as one without authorization of the relevant powers that be, for the premeditated intention and objective to commit an act of cruelty against another being. It is a practice that was common among the white and the African. The African were normally executed by the white simply because of the white superiority. However, the whites who protested against this execution were at very high risks of being executed. Lynching is normally carried out by execution, setting a blaze or shooting the alleged individual in order to discipline, scare, or take control over a certain populace no matter its size. It is a means of social control practiced by the superior community against its minors (Niels 201). The governing populace used to employ lynching, especially in times of fiscal pressure, as a means of tyrannizing those that opposed them. The vice was also a widespread norm in cooling (social) tensions. For instance, in America, lynching was used against the African Americans after the American civil war when the Africans were given the right to participate in elections. In 1980s, violence was high especially after the southern Americans regained their political power. More then three thousand African Americans were lynched towards the end of the 19th century (Niels 202). Towards the beginning of the 20 th century, new constitutions were created in America with provisions that disenfranchised most of the African Americans. They were not permitted to vote or to serve on juries. They were also excluded from participating in political activities. However, the Africans resistance to ly
Moral philosophy In contemporary business environment, every organization has to incorporate moral philosophy while making business decisions that are aimed at pursuing and attaining its goals and objectives. The organization must make decision based on the benefits to be derived from a given action with very little or no harm to any party. Moral authority also calls for independence and right of every individual to ensure dignity in choosing any course of action to take while at the same time respecting the rights of others without subjecting anyone to avoidable risk. The moral obligation of the firm has to address the needs of various stakeholders as well as the environment in which the firm operates, an initiative commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility. The business has to0 make decisions that will not negatively affect the community by addressing issues like pollution, drainage and so on. In addition, it’s the moral authority of the organization to ensure it provides products that are environmentally. Legal Standards of accountability and responsibility In pursuit of their goals, organizations must embrace corporate governance by ensuring that its employees abide by the professional ethics governing their professions. However, the legal standards of responsibility and accountability may differ depending on how risky the profession is to the clients. For instance, some responsibilities are so risky that a slight mistake may turn out to be fatal, sometimes causing irreparable consequences like in healthcare. It is the responsibility of any person who accepts a certain job to ensure he/she remains accountable for his/her actions, and should be rational in decision making as part of risk management. Businesses have a duty of care to their clients and should observe utmost professionalism and handle their business with all the sensitivity they demand. The advantages and disadvantages to this position are explained below. Advantages and disadvantages Abiding by ethical corporate governance issue and professional ethics ensures that the reputation of the organization remains intact as most clients will feel satisfied and taken care of by the organization. In addition, proper moral judgment ensures the safety of the clients is upheld at all times. The disadvantage of this is that holding some professions at higher legal standards of accountability and responsibility tends to create discrimination and favoritism thus eliminating the principle of fairness and justice. In addition, human beings are prone to unintentional errors which are sometimes inevitable and therefore holding somebody legally responsible for such an unintentional error will be punishing him/her wrongfully. Relationship to Moral philosophy Although business transactions call for ‘caveat emptor’
Understaffing and poor job satisfaction resulting in higher turnover rates are both crucial problems in contemporary healthcare. Improving communication, collaboration, and teamwork is necessary to avoid the negative results associated with these issues. In particular, team-building exercises, orientation and training programs, and recognition and reward programs will help in preventing burnout and adverse patient outcomes. Both poor job satisfaction and understaffing have a profoundly negative impact on the functioning of the hospital. Shortage of personnel increases workload quantitatively and makes it harder qualitatively, as nurses have to perform custodian or managerial tasks, which are inconsistent with their training (Yahchus, Ohler, Crowe, Teclaw, & Osatuke, 2017). This tendency relates directly to the second issue – namely, reduced job satisfaction that results in high rates of expected turnover. High workload and abundance of clerical tasks, both produced by understaffing, lead to lower satisfaction and a greater possibility of turnover (Hudgins, 2016). These two factors lead to adverse patient outcomes, lower patient satisfaction, and burnout among the personnel (Yahchus et al. 2017). To prevent these negative impacts and maintain and improve the quality of care in the hospital despite the existing challenges, it is necessary to address both issues. Improved communication, collaboration, and teamwork have the potential to reduce or even eliminate the negative impacts of understaffing and reduced job satisfaction. Collaboration between the employees is crucial, as the job satisfaction among nurses is known “to be influenced by the work climate and work relationships” (Hudgins, 2016, p. E63). In particular, the employees are likely to experience greater job satisfaction when they perceive “a strong association between ethical behavior and career success in the organization” (Hashish, 2017, p. 159). This correlation means that communication is also pivotal for addressing potential turnover, as it ensures that the management and employees share the same vision of the working climate in the hospital. Finally, teamwork is likely the most important component of addressing both issues, as it is conducive to higher job satisfaction and retention and better patient outcomes at the same time (Yahchus et al. 2017). Therefore, bolstering teamwork, collaboration, and communication in the hospital is a necessary prerequisite of improving quality care and addressing staff shortage and poor job satisfact
The field of qualitative research is commonly perceived as a methodology that entails a high level of dependency on the researcher’s personality and judgment. When conducting a qualitative inquiry, researchers encounter a challenge of the intensity of influence of personal opinion and the overall impact of one’s personal beliefs on the interpretation of the results of the research and their overall applicability. Moreover, it is debatable to what extent subjectivity in research might hinder credibility and what the nature of interdependence between findings credibility and personal opinion is. To broaden the discussion even more, it is necessary to identify at what point subjectivity becomes bias. The current readings synthesis is aimed at addressing these tentative issues. The concept of bias in qualitative research is addressed in-depth by the authors of the readings. According to Roulston and Shelton (2015), bias is a threat to the validity and credibility of research and might impact a study on different levels, ranging from participant recruiting to findings interpretation. Indeed, as Josselson (2013) demonstrated, the very choice of conceptual question, the decision concerning research model, data collection methods, participant recruiting, and other crucial issues depend on the researcher’s opinion and potentially lead to bias in research. On the other hand, the concept of subjectivity resembles a notion that is closely related and often confused with bias. As Roulston and Shelton (2015) state that despite expected objectivity and neutral attitude of researchers, their participation in qualitative inquiry is inevitably linked with subjectivity. This assumption might be proven by an example from Tieken (2013), who explicitly states how the researcher might use its personality to influence the outcomes of the study. In particular, the researcher states that “if I’m looking to do research in the South, the label of a recognized academic institution could lend credentials, but the labels identifying me as a Southerner and a teacher would provide credibility” (Tieken, 2013, p. 323). Thus, it is important to acknowledge subjectivity in qualitative research and attend to it with awareness. Another important concept that is discussed in the readings is reflexivity, which stands in the same connotation row with subjectivity and bias and implies the inclusion of a researcher’s personal opinion into the process of research. Ortlipp (2008) vividly demonstrates how a reflective approach might contribute to the credibility of qualitative inquiry and minimize the threats of bias. The researcher introduces a method of a reflective journal as a tool that helps to “facilitate reflexivity, whereby researchers use their journal to examine personal assumptions and goals” and clarify individual belief systems and subjectivities” (Ortlipp
Introduction Every activity we undertake daily is usually the products of our thinking. The success in any activity is dependent on how we view, analyze and think about it before drawing a conclusion. The way people approach different problems may vary even when they share same abilities. The arguments are usually influenced by internal and external factors which may make the thinking biased. Making good arguments on challenges that faces one in all aspects of life is the key to success. This paper seeks to analyze the various thinking styles making comparison and contrast analysis on fair-minded, emotionalist and creative thinking styles. Creative, Fair-minded and emotional thinking Thinking involves various activities and analysis before giving out the answer to a problem. Mostly the aspects involved are questioning, thinking broadly, reasoning clearly, organizing the thinking and synthesizing. When one is thinking on an issue, it is usually good to accommodate new ideas and visualize the possible consequences of a problem that may arise and thus prepare for means of minimizing the negative impacts (Jarvis, 2006). Some thinking may be biased to one side due to some interests or failure. Fair-minded thinkers usually listen to all the opinions available and analyze them before giving results which are usually fair. This type of thinking is very useful and is able to overcome some challenges. There are decisions made from thinking based on personal emotions; this is usually referred to as emotional thinking. Emotional thinking is very dangerous as the results provided are usually biased. Creative thinking is thinking that brings forth new and different ways of approaching issues (Moser, 2002). This usually leads to new problem solving techniques. The different types of thinking have their strengths and weaknesses. The opinion of people on a given issue is usually different with respect to others. The best approach is usually to take critical analysis of all of them as well as checking on the possible consequences.
In this chapter, the authors investigate the concept of privacy and whether government employers’ warrantless searches may be considered reasonable and justified. To begin with, in the Constitution, there is no such word as privacy , but after interpreting the Constitutional Amendments, three types of privacy rights have been created by the Supreme Court (Halbert and Ingulli). First, the government is prevented from interfering with people’s private families and sexual life. Second, intimate information, such as one’s sexual or medical history, should not be publicized by the authorities (Halbert and Ingulli 1). Finally, corporations and individuals are protected by the Fourth Amendment from unreasonable or unwarranted government seizures or searches. Specific claims related to the Fourth Amendment privacy may arise in the workplace. For example, if “a regulatory agency searches a business for evidence of noncompliance, or when a public employer checks the files in an employee’s office to investigate possible misconduct” (Halbert and Ingulli 1). Unfortunately, even if it is actually a violation of privacy, it is up to the judge to decide which is more significant, the government’s need to conduct a search or employees’ privacy interests. Two court cases are discussed by the authors to explain this point. First, in 2010, there was a City of Ontario v. Quon, in which the search of a public employee’s text messages was involved. Jeff Quon, a member of SWAT, used his working pager for personal purposes and, after his department obtained a transcript of his texts, he challenged the search (Halbert and Ingulli 2). The Supreme Court stated that if such measures were not intrusive but justified at their inception and work-related, it was reasonable to conduct a warrantless search. Then, in 2014, there was another case – Riley v. California. It also proved an increasingly significant role of mobile telephones in the lives of all Americans, and it became evident that an exhaustive search of a house may expose less than a phone. In that case, the arrested men’s cell phones were allowed to prove their fault and find the locations of crack cocaine, ammunition, and guns (Halbert and Ingulli 3). However, their conviction was overturned as the judge admitted the violation of the Fourth Amendment. Work Cited Halbert, Terry, and Elaine Ingulli. “Privacy: Technology, Surveillance, & Freedom.” Law and Ethics in the Business Environment, Cengage Learning, 2018.
The purpose of the paper is to present an executive summary of the case for the CEO of AcuScan. This executive summary would give readers the essential contents of the master document ‘The Critical Thinking GEN 480: Assessment Case’ in approximately two pages. It would preview the main points of the document, enabling readers to build a mental framework for organizing and understanding the detailed information that is being presented, and helping in this way to determine the key results and recommendations reported in the document ‘The Critical Thinking GEN 480: Assessment Case’. The document presents the case relating to AcuScan and the establishment and production of their new product. There are several problems related to the launch of new products for any company and for AcuScan this was no different as in the case of IScanner. There were several challenges in the formulation and execution of the new product of AcuScan. There were severe stress on the employees related to the development of the new product and they managed to overcome them with success. The case of AcuScan showed there was a severe case of assumption among the employees due to lack of communication regarding the new product. It also looks into the parameter of alteration of the plan where the fundamental procedure was abandoned and there was a significant loss of person-hours. This ignited a noteworthy level of discontent among the employees. However, as the Vice President, it is important to understand the situation with enough insight that formulate principals that resolves the issue with minimum effort. The basic point relating to the situation is the change of plan in production. This change was not properly informed. There was a misjudgment due to lack of information. The employees found it had to understand the process of IScanner as there was no knowledge about it. This resulted in confusion and discontent among employees. Under such conditions, it is extremely important to formulate a working measure to negate all problems. One way is to build an ethical component relating to communication where required knowledge would be available to all. Recommendations and actions to be taken, and why”. The best recommendation would be to start a program relating to communication in work environments like meeting. Emphasizing on a particular subject and extended verbal communication would help. Giving wrong gestures can give a different meaning to the words spoken. For instance, issuing order during a meeting and keeping a steady eye contact gives importance to the order issued. And at the receiving end, a studied gesture like, nodding of head single time give the impression that the topic of the order is well understood and received. Besides the meetings and leaflets with details procedure, slide shows, projector also enhances the meaning within. If a dispute arises during meeting, different body gestures, voice modulation, scratching of head, indifferent mannerisms, can give an impression of sho