ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The short story may be one of the writing formats best suited for creating a feeling of suspense in readers. The limited number of pages and a restricted ability to show characters in different situations can give authors an opportunity to focus on a single small event and its environment. In 1948, Shirley Jackson utilized this aspect of short stories and created “The Lottery.” The story can be considered an example of a tension-building narrative with a surprising reveal at the end, as Matek has highlighted Jackson’s ability to intrigue her audience through foreshadowing (70). However, “The Lottery” also has some themes that deserve analysis due to their connection with people’s daily experience. In her short story “The Lottery,” Jackson explores the problems of traditions and shows people’s attachment to the established order in a negative light. The story does not follow a protagonist but instead resembles an impartial description of an event. The author begins by stating the date and time. It is notable that the particular date, June 27th, seems essential for the author to include (Jackson 1). Here she gives the readers a first small clue to the story’s contents. She also mentions the weather and describes the scenery in great detail. All events of the story happen in one place – the village’s central square. People of all ages start gathering in the square for a lottery, which is regarded as an important annual tradition in many places, including this one. As Mr. Summer arrives to lead the lottery, men, women, and children find their families and stand in anticipation. Mr. Summers starts the usual procedures. He creates a list of families, checks for absentees, and asks who will be drawing the papers from a black box. Mr. Summers begins to call out families, who send their oldest men to take their papers. Then, as each person reveals the contents of their paper slip, the readers learn about the “winner” – the person who has drawn a slip of paper with a black dot, Mr. Hutchinson and his family. They pick papers again, which reveal Tessie, Mr. Hutchinson’s wife, to be the final winner. As she starts screaming about the lottery’s unfairness, the villagers stone her to death. As was mentioned, Jackson provides her readers with many details about the location and time. The author also describes the characters and gives a name to each of them. For example, the Hutchinson family has Bill, Tessie, and their children: Bill, Jr., Nancy, and Dave. It is possible that each character is given a name so that it seems that each has an equal place in the story. Each villager is recognized as a part of the narrative, and thus no one is explicitly highlighted. Such attention t
Introduction Advanced practice nurses have to be ready for numerous responsibilities in the workplace and rely on the evaluations and examinations of different factors, including risk factors, individual patient issues, and behavioral aspects. The impact of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics cannot be ignored in the creation of a patient treatment plan for patients with stroke and hypertension history because these processes help to investigate drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (Spinler, 2017). In this paper, a particular case of patient CB will be analyzed in terms of the factor of ethnicity that may influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the currently prescribed drugs. Case Introduction In this case, a patient has a history of strokes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The combination of these diseases may provoke the progress of severe cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of every drug have to be investigated and used in regard to such factors as ethnicity. It is supposed for the patient to be African American. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Drugs  1. Glipizide (10 mg daily) is an anti-diabetic drug of the sulfonylurea class. It works as a blocker of potassium channels in beta cells and results in insulin encouragement and lowering blood glucose. Gastrointestinal absorption is fast and complete. However, it can be delayed by food intake by 30 minutes. Being a protein-bound substance, glipizide is usually distributed in the extracellular fluid. It is characterized by hepatic metabolism and urine excretion in 10-24 hours. Its half-life is about 2-4 hours. Side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, or itching.  2. HCTZ (25 mg per day) is a diuretic medication to treat hypertension. It causes loss of water and potassium and increases serum uric acid. The absorption is about 50-60% and observed in the upper jejunum or duodenum. Protein-bound at 68%. This drug is not metabolized but eliminated without changes in the kidney fast. Its half-life is between 5 and 14 hours. Weakness, nausea, vomiting, and muscle pain may be observed as possible side effects.  3. Atenolol (25 mg per day) is a beta-blocker to prevent cardiovascular diseases and manage hypertension. It is used to bind beta receptors and promote sympathetic stimulation that results in cardiac output. It is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and exerted in the feces without changes. Minimal hepatic metabolism is observed. Half-life is 6-7 hours. Protein-bound at 6-16%. Side effects are constipation, dry mouth, and confusion.  4. Hydralazine (25 mg) is used to treat heart pr
The aspect of aging is a very controversial issue in the current world. Aged and old people are often discriminated and alienated from significant life contributions leading to emotional and psychological related problems among the older generation. Biologically, old age is associated with poor functionality of most of the regular body systems, for instance, reduced eyesight, hearing ability, and reduced cognitive ability. As such, people have developed a negative attitude towards old age. Ageism also can be seen where the old disrespect the younger generation, citing lack of experience. Discrimination based on age can happen to everyone in life, but the most affected groups are the very young and the very old groups. The young, mostly teenagers do not feel as much pressure in relation to ageism as compared to the old because the young still have a chance to change their status. The old people, on the other hand, are so susceptible to ageism because old age is the last stage of life and that makes the elderly vulnerable to death. Middle-aged people tend to be more appreciative of the old people, thus creates three different groups of persons with different attitudes towards the aging process. Greeting cards are some of the items that depict different reactions and attitudes that people have concerning old age. Basing on the analyzed cards, nobody looks forward to old age. The society often treats old people like children, especially the teenagers who take the older generation as a joke. As stated earlier, different people have different ideas about the aging process. The old people themselves show many dislikes concerning their counterparts, mainly because of the effects of ageism on their part. The middle-aged people show some level of respect to the old, mostly because they are almost becoming old while the younger generation has no interest in either becoming old or interacting with the elderly. Either way, old age is not something that people look forward to, based on the messages on most greeting cards. The societal attitude differs in relation to whether the older person is male or female. Older women are considered stronger than older men are because, as women age, they stop looking for outside approval and become more confident of themselves. On the other hand, old men lose their control, especially financial and economic control, thus making them susceptible to criticism by the younger generation. In fact, as men age, they are said to become more feminine in terms of dependency. The societal attitude towards old age also differs from one society to another based on the level of interaction that the old have with the rest of the people. For instance, children who often interact with their old grandparents develop a sense of respect and admiration for the elderly as compared to their counterparts who rarely interact with the old. Most of the cards analyzed for this study support the well-known propaganda concerning old age. Regardless of the gender, the attitude towards old age is similar across borders, and
Alexander the Great is often considered the best leader in his times because he introduced a new order in the world by uniting the east with the west. He had ambitious projects that ended up restructuring the relationships of various regions in the world. However, those who lived during his reign considered his leadership mind-boggling, but an in-depth analysis reveals that he was successful in uniting the Asian region (Worthington, 2004). For purposes of clarity, this section of the paper will evaluate the effects of Alexander’s leadership in two major ways. The first set of consequences would look at the effects in the west while another set would explore the effects of his leadership in the east. Historians confirm that the two societies that are, western and eastern societies, had a similar culture, which was influenced by the leadership of Alexander. The two regions were united through the Hellenistic kingdoms but were separated after the death of the leader. Through Alexander’s wisdom, Greece was able to sustain the pressure from the Persians for a long period, which prevented the whole of Europe from being invaded. His leadership facilitated Roman conquest the taking over of Hellenistic civilizations. History shows that Persians would have succeeded in ruling Europe if Alexander could have failed to facilitate leadership in the region. In this regard, Alexander played a critical role in supporting Athenians in their guest for power in Europe. Alexander was a very powerful leader who could bring peace to the world through his leadership style (Stoneman, 2008). The Greeks inherited his leadership style. The Greeks passed it to the Romans and even other Europeans. For instance, the idea of regional integration was borrowed from the leadership of Alexander the Great. His kingdom was characterized by organization, unity, tolerance, and political integration, which were believed to bring about understanding and prosperity. To this extend, Alexander the great was a careful leader who valued the cultural ideals and principles.
Shift Log & Reporting System can be implemented with the help of the Systems Development Life Cycle and used to control shift performance. Planning and Analysis It is critical to consider how the current reporting system works and what should be improved. All requirements should be thoroughly investigated and discussed, and a decision to implement the Shift Log & Reporting System supported (Demir, 2015). Design The advantages of such a solution should be mentioned (real-time view, etc.). The costs needed for implementation are to be predicted, including personnel training. The limitations of the system should be pointed out. Build Shift Log & Reporting System should be created according to the company’s needs and requirements. It should be placed so that every employee who needs to work with it can have free access. The final point should be considered (Brugha, 2001). Implementation The Shift Log & Reporting System should be installed. The workers are to receive training and start working in a new way. Maintenance The assessment should be done to define what is working and what needs improvement. The employees should be encouraged to continue working if the project brings success (Moore, Nolan, & Gillard, 2006). Shift Log & Reporting System presupposes that each operating unit has its own log. In this way, there are separate ones for individual workers, team leaders, and shift managers. Except for that, there are logs that can be seen by everyone (operating instructions and KPI dashboard) (IES Group, 2015). The employee enters the system and creates a shift note, in which he/she describes what has happened during the shift. Team leaders gather all their notes regarding the events that took place and any related information. Finally, shift managers take the data from the team leader logs and adapt it, adding further information. The analysis process starts with identifying what should be done during the shift and pointing out all peculiarities (for example, the time needed to accomplish a task) so that this information can be then compared with the reported one ( Shift notes and reports , 2007). Such a system replaces paper reports and streamlines operations. It provides direct access to all gathered information and allows to find particular data in no time. Work teams start to cooperate better, and overall performance improves ( Improving efficiency and control , 2014). This project is feasible for the company, in which the work is scheduled. It helps to control the working process and allows to see all issues and successes as soon as they occur. Moreover, one and the same information is not uploaded more than once, which helps to avoid any confusion. Shift Log & Reporting System requires new software for the logs and employee training (to teach the workers how to use a new system), which might be rather costly. However, the advantages, which are likely to be brought soon, overweight expenditures. The project can be successful
Chemical engineering is an engineering branch which entails the study of life science, physical science, economics and mathematics. It deals with the conversion of chemical and other materials into valuable forms. It is a broad field which is composed of Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Microbiology and Biochemistry. Chemical engineering also deals with wide range of new materials which are important in various processes of production. Chemical engineering is divided into two major branches namely chemical product engineering and chemical processes engineering (Ondrey 12). Chemical processes engineering deals with designing, manufacturing and operation of plant and machinery in industries. Chemical products engineering specializes in the use of substances to come up with different products such as pharmaceuticals, cleaning reagents, cosmetics, beverages and certain food products. This field of study applies several principles and concepts. These include chemical reactions engineering, plant and industry designs, processes designs and transport media engineering (Guo 226). Chemical reactions engineering refers to basic management of plant conditions and processes. This is done to ensure that optimal plant operation is attained. Engineers in this field often come up with designs for analyzing reactors. They use special physical and laboratory data parameters. In chemical engineering reactions, heat depended dynamics are applied in solving problems and prediction of reactor performances. On the other hand, plant designing deals with development of specifications and plans. It ensures that there is a stable base for engineering operations. Designs are generated according to the preferences of clients. Other major factors which influence this process are levels of safety, legal requirements and the availability of funds. These are known for their high influence on choice of equipment and other materials (Lozowski 64). Process designing is the most basic and physical step in the whole process of chemi
Abstract Israel has experienced an influx of immigrants for over a century. Largely informed by Zionism, many Jews from around the world have integrated with the local population in Israel and made the country their home. However, this process has been difficult because of several perceptual issues about immigrants that plague Israeli society. Negative public perceptions about immigrants in Israel highlight a common challenge that most immigrants face when assimilating to the Israeli society. Observers position the role of the media at the center of this debate by highlighting its role in propagating the negative perceptions of immigrants in Israel. Historically, many researchers have investigated these issues from an outward-in approach, by exploring the influence of the media in shaping public perceptions. However, this paper adopts the reverse approach by conducting an inward-out analysis of the perceptions of immigrants regarding media coverage of their issues. After sampling the views of 15 immigrants from western European, Eastern European, and African backgrounds, this paper establishes that most immigrants living in Israel believe the media misrepresents them by stereotyping them negatively. Evidence also shows that the media does not understand the immigrant way of life, thereby creating a deep sense of dissatisfaction among immigrants, concerning how they represent immigrant issues. This study also negates the notion that immigrant groups perceive one another negatively along ethnic lines. Instead, empirical evidence shows that common plights and misrepresentations about immigrants in the media unite them. Interestingly, despite the negative coverage of immigrants in Israeli media, this paper shows that a large section of immigrants still prefers to consume Israeli media, as opposed to their local media. Introduction Aliyah denotes the mass migration of Jews from other parts of the world to Israel. This concept largely symbolizes a key pillar of Zionism (nationalism of the Jews and the Jewish culture) (Wendehorst, 2011). Historically, many Jews, around the world, consider immigration to Israel as an important part of their life because it symbolizes their return to the “holy land.” Historical excerpts show that some of the earliest forms of immigration into Israel started in the 1800s and since Israel emerged as a nation-state, more than 3,000,000 Jews from around the world have found a home in Israel (Gavish, 2010). From the onset of the Aliyah movement, many immigrants in Israel have therefore gained permanent residence in Israel. Although, some of them are undocumented and still live in Israel, unfavorable religious and political environments in their home countries have made it difficult for the Israeli authorities to deport them. From the growing waves of immigrant settlements in Israel, public perceptions have changed regarding the status of immigrants in the Middle East nation (Kushnirovich, 2010). Neuman & Oaxaca (2
This argumentative essay about women’s work explains all the disadvantages and advantages of being a woman in the workplace. The positive and negative effects of being a working mother are also presented, so you might draw your own conclusion on the issue. Introduction In today’s world, women take active roles in employment, unlike during the olden days when they stayed at home and took care of their families. Women taking active roles in job have advantages and disadvantages. In contemporary society, women and men have equal opportunities for employment. Working Women Advantages Advantages of women working include more income for their families, the opportunity to explore their talents, and the promotion of economic growth. When women work, they make money that adds to their families’ financial well-being. This helps pay bills, buy food, and educate children. Women have goals and objectives to achieve in their lives. Working allows them pursue their dreams and talents, as well as work on their goals by pursuing careers of their choice. Finally, women who work contribute towards economic growth through their jobs. Women’s Work Disadvantages Disadvantages for working women include the absence of enough time for their families, pressure from work-related stress, and conflicts of interest. Working women have little time to take care of their families because their jobs are very demanding and time-consuming. Many jobs are very stressful, and many women cannot handle high levels of work-related stress. Their nature predisposes them to anxiety and depression more than when compared to men. Finally, there is a conflict of interests. Their roles as mothers compromise their performance at work. They use working hours to take care of their children at the expense of their jobs. Conclusion Today, women seek employment opportunities just like men. This increases income for their families and gives them opportunities to explore their talents by pursuing careers of their choice. However, it affects their families because they do not spend enough time with their children. In addition, their role as mothers has involved my performance at work.
Summary Personal productivity assessment is the starting point for improving one’s work effectiveness and efficiency. Self-assessment is important in identifying one’s strengths as well as self-defeating habits that hinder an employee from reaching optimum productivity. A higher score on the test indicates greater efficiency in workload and time management. The writer’s score on the test is eight out of ten. His techniques for organizing and planning workload typify good time management habits. Based on the results, the writer does not procrastinate. He handles minor tasks once he receives them to avoid delays. Setting priorities at professional and personal levels helps manage time and tasks effectively. Normally, he completes the difficult tasks first before the smaller ones that are less complex, but time consuming and energy sapping. Disorganization and interruptions are also barriers to effective time management. The writer usually takes notes during meetings to keep track of his daily commitments. A running list that indicates the deadline for each project that needs to be done also prevents time wastage. Working from an organized desk also improves the writer’s effectiveness. A clean office saves time when searching for items, which prevents unnecessary stress and burnout. He also delegates tasks whenever an opportunity to do so arises. Opportunities for improvement include maintaining a follow-up file to monitor developments and reducing time spent on the internet and phone calls. Reflection Supervision Supervision is an important part of the management process. Supervision is a worker-centered role and thus, an image of a productive supervisor has a big effect on employee motivation and performance. A supervisor primarily focuses on the workers. A productive supervisor creates a motivated and skilled workforce to drive workplace productivity and team performance. According to Certo (2010) fairness, task delegation, loyalty, positive attitude, good communication skills, and work commitment are the characteristics that epitomize a productive supervisor. A supervisor with these qualities is effective in implementing his/her goals, which is vital in administration. Role delegation ensures that work is done on time. Being an employee-centered role, supervision requires one to identify opportunities for delegating tasks. Supervisors depend on subo
The Christian missions in Japan in the Early Modern period Сhapter 11 of “A companion to the Early Modern Catholic global missions” focuses on Christian missionary enterprises in Japan during Early Modern times. Japan was in the midst of a civil war at the time, which created an opportunity for Portugal to trade firearms. As they established trade with Japanese people, Jesuit missionaries also arrived in Japan, attempting to preach the Christian faith to native people (Antoni & Ucerler, 2018). They built Jesuit churches and schools, as well as a college to educate Christian priests, thus officially initiating Christianity in Japan (Antoni & Ucerler, 2018). The new religion gained some powerful supporters among Japanese lords, which enabled cross-cultural collaboration during the missions. The collaboration ended when Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered to expel Jesuits from Japan after suspecting them of interfering with the political landscape of the country. This marked the beginning of the war on Christianity, which led to the expulsion and execution of many Christians. After Christianity was officially banned, most Christian churches and institutions were