ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to Hinchliffe & Woodward (2000), the first stage of cognitive development in children starts during infancy and concerns sensorimotor abilities. In this stage, the child begins making contact with the environment using body organs. Research studies have indicated that during this stage the child has many sensory abilities. This can best be described using sensory abilities such as touching, seeing, suckling and feeling. Through the experimentation process, the infant is able to develop the difference between two selves. During this stage, the child develops the ability to coordinate between two different activities. Another important thing worth mentioning here concerns object permanence. Preoperational stage During this stage cognitive development is marked by the reaction of the child to objects. Most mothers through studies have indicated that the child’s reaction to objects is as if all objects are similar. The child through the process can be said to be transductive. The child can look at objects and reason. An intuitive period follows and the child is characterized by egocentric behavior. This behavior has been interpreted in a manner that suggests the infants have a belief that everybody thinks like them (Fischer,1980) Concrete operational stage Logical reasoning begins to be observed during this stage. In most of the child’s activities and behavior, there is some notable organization. Abstract things cannot be well interpreted or reasoned by the child during this stage. The logic at this stage according to Piaget is characterized by inductive reasoning whereby the child is able to reason from specific concepts to general principles. The child also understands the ability of objects and situations to be reversed. A major achievement during this stage concerns the ability of the child to overcome the limitations of the preoperational stage. (Fischer,1980) Formal operational stage This stage commences from eleven to twelve years of age. It is the final stage in the child’s cognitive development process. During this stage, an individual is able to come up with a hypothesis and test them using experiments in the search for answers to problems affecting his or her life. Abstract reasoning and thinking are evident at this stage in life with children demonstrating abilities to handle mathematical problems. Critical thinking also characterizes this stage and individuals can argue for or against facts. (Hinchliffe & Woodward, 2000) The role of social science in preventing natural disasters Social science provides an important study of human behavior and interactions. Social science provides theories and explanations to the causes of human interactions and what comes out of the interactions. Natural disasters affect human interactions and therefore within the theories of humanity. Social science attempts to explain the causes of natural disasters especially those that arise as a consequence of human interactions. A good example concerns human activity that leads to diseases that fall under natural disasters.Social science can also provide solutions to the prevention of some natural disasters using appropriate human interacti
Abstract This study aims to identify specific marketing communication activities that Apple could implement to retain its loyal consumers. The analysis is designed to evaluate marketing communication activities that appeal to behaviors and preferences that promote this vision. This goal was supported by three research objectives, which sought to analyze past and present marketing communication activities used by Apple to maintain consumer loyalty, develop a framework for implementing future marketing communications plans that enhance product orientation strategies, and develop practical recommendations that suggest how the company can utilize its marketing communications frameworks to significantly increase customer loyalty. Data was collected from three sources – surveys, interviews, and published literature. Broadly, the materials obtained from these sources gathered were categorized into two formats: primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from survey questionnaires and interviews. Seventy-two respondents completed the survey questionnaires, while the interviews involved one-on-one discussions with five Apple users. The findings were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 24. The findings showed a high degree of congruence in findings between both sources of primary data. This statement means that the surveys and interview responses complemented each other. In both instances, respondents had a generally favorable view of Apple’s marketing communication strategies, thereby signifying their efficacy in influencing customer loyalty. The secondary research findings helped to contextualize these behaviors by showing that they fit within a wider body of marketing literature, highlighting the evolution of marketing communication tools from traditional methods, such as television and print media advertising, to contemporary forms, such as digital communications. Introduction Background of Study Companies need to maximize their marketing potential by adopting the most effective communication styles to reach their target audiences. Doing so gives customers an opportunity to better relate with product features and understand how they will add value to their lives before making a purchase (Balaziova and Spalova, 2020). Therefore, communication styles can affect a company’s overall performance by either giving, or denying, them the opportunity to communicate product or service values to customers to enable them to make a sale (Lyons and Brennan, 2019). Based on this influence, marketing communications allow companies to manage the perception of value that customers have towards their products or services. This practice allows them to build or enhance customer loyalty. Marketing communications often allows a two-way information exchange channel where the company is on one side and consumers are on the other. This format involves two parties, but both ends of the interactive continuum may have multiple stakeholders, such as employees, custome
In main religions, the concept of self occupies an important place as determines the relations between God and the person. The main differences between Western and Eastern conceptions of self reflect their understanding of the world and divine power. Buddhism is one of the oldest religions in the world which is based on old traditions and cultural norms of the Eastern hemisphere. The main peculiarity and distinction of this religion are that it emphasizes meditation practices. Zen Buddhism shows the universal character based on the ritual doctrines and unique practices which awake human spirit and consciousness. Western and Eastern conceptions of self offer different ways of thinking about the good life, and one need not be a person of religious faith in order to be ethically en­gaged. In both worlds, religion is one way of thinking about morality but is not the measure of it. Zen philosophy and traditions represent a unique combination of religious faith and practical advice for those who want to improve their lives and achieve happiness. Zen Buddhism and Daoism see the concept of self as part of spiritual practices. Zen is a philosophy that can be applied by everyone who wants a good life free from worries and anxiety. As long as knowledge remains a subject-object relationship it adheres to the sphere of the unknown and its predominantly collective values. Zen scholars propose the fateful plunge into the unknown. The best principle of Zen is that knowledge assumes the aura of individuality and subjectivity. The individual has reached a clear mind realizes that his very own knowledge bears the mark of universality (Eberhard 4). In contrast to Eastern understanding of the self, Western tradition defines and explains it as a part of social formation and individual qualities rather than a divine nature of humans. The people acquire quite extensive knowledge of religious doctrines and history. The information is limited by traditional prejudices and misinterpretations and by social concerns. On the historical level, Western studies provide arguments that reduced the role of self in personal development to an inauthentic deviation from original teaching. On this level, the self is demonstrated to be inferior to Christianity. And on the practical level, the critical state is used as proof of the inadequacy of doctrines (Moeller 36). Even those who gradually arrived at an understanding attitude to the self concluded that it would certainly have to yield to Christianity. Following Suzuki, the straightforward frankness of the self as it comes to life each instant, even without effort, even without training, you are beautifully born each instant. If a person of the Eastern religion is faced with a complicated problem or has to accept a decision, he just steps back and views the problem in contemplative objectivity. Though the everyday reality is reaffirmed, subject-object duality is now overcome with the realization of everything being really just as it is, the realization that takes place in the absolute present. Within this absolute present, the Eastern per
Review West Kendall Baptist Hospital is currently implementing a “Food Pharmacy” program first introduced in 2020. The essence of the program is providing “one meal daily for 20 days to high-risk individuals” (Baptist Health South Florida [BHDF], 2019, p. 9). The health needs that the “Food Pharmacy” program aims to address is malnutrition in patients, which can potentially lead to readmissions. The targeted population groups are those suffering from malnutrition and chronic diseases, especially unmanaged ones (BHDF, 2019). The short-term goal of the program is to negate the immediate danger of malnutrition for the patients and potential patients. The long-term goal is to reduce the rates of admission and readmission due to malnutrition in West Kendall Baptist Hospital. The implementation strategy for the “Food Pharmacy” program amount to involving patients, consumers, and family members. No specific partners, community or otherwise, are identified as related to this program in the report. Proposal Community Review Zip code 33193 is mainly located in Miami-Dade County, Miami, Florida. According to the census of 2010, its population is 46,044 and growing (“Zip Code 33193,” 2021). Of this number, 41,842 are Hispanics, which constitutes almost 87 percent of the overall population (“Zip Code 33193,” 2021). There are also 4411 whites, which corresponds to 9.14 percent, and 998 blacks, which equates to 2.07 percent (“Zip Code 33193,” 2021). The male and female populations are roughly equal, comprising 47 and 53 percent, respectively (“Zip Code 33193,” 2021). In financial terms, roughly half of all households have a yearly income below $50,000, 35 percent have a yearly income of $50,000 to $100,000, and 16 percent earn more than $100,000 (“Zip Code 33193,” 2021). Overall, zip code 33193 is a predominantly Hispanic community with low to medium household income leaning heavily toward the low end of the spectrum. Health Need Selected health priority is healthy nutrition as a factor that can improve public health and decrease admission and readmission rates. This need was identified by assessing a combination of medical and socioeconomic factors. On a medical side, West Kendall Baptist Hospital identifies addressing malnutrition as one of the priorities in serving the needs of the population (BHDF, 2019). On the other hand, 76 percent of school students in zip code 33193 are eligible for free or reduced meals (“Zip Code 33193,” 2021). It suggests that the community may be lacking in terms of healthy nutrition. Goal The goal of addressing the health need is to promote a healthy diet and nutrition within the budgetary constraints faced by the local households. Measurable Behavioral Objective A measurable behavioral objective for this goal is the change in dietary habits to promote healthy lifestyles. Intervention Any intervention designed for zip code 33193 needs to take the overwhelmingly Hispanic composition of its pop
Introduction Scholarly research in the fields of sociology and psychology of the gay has evolved within the past several decades and currently needs a broader and deeper examination. One of the recent studies in this sphere was carried out by Vanessa Panfil. The question of LGBT community and the difficulties in the lives of young people experiencing bullying and misunderstanding in society have interested the author during her professional life. In her research, the author incorporates all the factors impacting the life of gay African Americans in an urban criminal gang and answers the question concerning the life of such people inside a gang. The Author’s Topic of Research The central topic discussed in Panfil’s book is the life of young gay men of color in urban gangs. The researcher realizes the amount of negative influence the surrounding world is presenting for young gay people. They encounter “homophobic school climates, … street harassment,” and even unsupportive family members who do not understand or encourage but even may express their disapproval aggressively (Panfil xi). The author argues that despite numerous interventions carried out in the USA in support of LGBT community, there are many serious challenges young gay people of color face that lead them to engage in a marginal lifestyle of a gang. The Author’s Research Questions To research the topic of the study in depth, the researcher sets forward several questions which she attempts to answer in the book setting forward the general research question. What is the life of a gay man inside a gang like (Panfil xiii)? This main question leads to several specific ones that address a narrower point for consideration. Why do gay men become a part of a stereotypically masculine and homophobic criminal group (Panfil 4)? This question aims to determine the reasons for gay men to become members of gangs. What are the structural particularities in gangs where gay men are either explicit or closeted (Panfil 110)? Asking this question, the author concentrates on the possible differences in a gang’s hierarchy depending on the presence of gay members in it. Finally, how do the marginal features of young men’s race and sexual identity influence their lives in an urban environment (Panfil 2)? This rather broad question addresses the collision of two dimensions (color and sexual orientation) that impose a prejudiced attitude toward a person in the modern world. Author’s Evidence to Support the Argument The author explicitly delivers the information serving as the evidence in support of the research argument. The study participants are y
Feminism Throughout history, gender is commonly conceptualized as “the overall communally build most of the roles associated with each sex, what ethnicity makes out of the raw material’ of biological sex, and as “non-physiological aspects of being female or male–the cultural expectations for femininity and masculinity” (Oskamp 135). Additionally, most authors contrast the term gender and sex, describing sex as that which divides men from women in terms of physiological make-up, chromosomal as well as hormonal balance, while gender is described as that which refers to the cultural and historical specifics that make different individuals act out as masculine or feminine. Chapter seven of the book Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: an introduction by John Storey and entitled “Gender and sexuality,” reflects the issues of gender and sexuality from a cultural point of view, developing models to be used throughout the study and that are consistent with the study of these topics from a literature, cinematic and cultural perspective. Since the beginning of time, the world all around has continuously experienced a gradual change in the support of the rights of women. Feminists have throughout the ages aimed at increasing the education opportunities that are handed out to women, fighting for a single, high standard way of life for them and thus increasing the moral wellbeing of society. With this increased education opportunities, there has been a tremendous change in the job and employment industry, with more and more women becoming capable of bettering their economic standing in the community. Women have fought for equity in political and social positions, culminating in the creation of a new breed of women, who are not only unafraid to try new challenges and overcoming the male dominance that has throughout plagued society. While this woman has still retained the traditional position of the wife and the mother, she has frequently demanded equal respect in comparison to women as well as increased responsibility in society, with casual critics associating the success of the modern women to the influences that literature and cinema has had. Women at the cinema While the traditional writer Alice Rossi has characterized literal devices used to depict women as “the deepest premises of their thinking,….with most early narratives born of feminists being profoundly conservative and moralistic, we see Oskamp well exhibiting the leadership role that the woman has been taking in the recent past and the never ending enthusiasm in the cinema (Oskamp 136). This is characterized in the same writings as being a form of moral improvement on society as well as a self-conscious female undertaking and enterprising of extricating their thinking from their traditional circumstances. Accordingly, it is not hard to realize th
It is impossible to imagine any society without policies and laws since they usually help to sort out priorities, protect the interests of the majority, and determine the path to further growth and development. In the modern world, it often happens that policy processes involve heated discussions and the establishment of new movements. The essay is devoted to the policy and decision-making process related to the rights of gay couples in Alabama. In particular, it studies the impact of different forces on the adoption of discriminatory laws. The Policy Process and Its Outcomes As it is clear from one of the most recently adopted laws, the government of Alabama has set a course for further clericalization of the society. In Alabama, the relationships between citizens of the same sex became legal at the beginning of the twenty-first century, and it was a significant achievement of gay rights activists. However, the battle of ideas related to faith and equality resulted in the victory of the LGBT rights opposition. Thus, the Child Placing Agency Inclusion Act adopted in 2017 is aimed at protecting religious values (Shugerman, 2017). It allows licensed adoption agencies in the state to use religious beliefs as a legal reason to refuse the right of LGBT families to adopt children. Endogenous and Exogenous Factors and Their Impact Variables that impact decision-making can be endogenous and exogenous. In the given case, exogenous factors are presented by social forces such as the religious views and opinions of citizens that the government does not control. In terms of endogenous factors, they include political and legal forces such as the current political constellation and previously adopted legislation. Political forces that can be presented by authoritative individuals and political parties play a significant role in policy processes all over the world. About the given process, the key forces participating in the adoption of the policy include the Alabama Republican Party and the Governor of Alabama, Kay Ivey. About the above-mentioned party, it can be said that many of its representatives are staunch proponents of traditional family values. The position of Republicans concerning the necessity to limit the rights of LGBT families to protect the freedom of faith seems to be supported by many citizens. Thus, less than one-third of people in Alabama think that recognizing LGBT families is necessary (Jones, 2015). This information helps to understand that the level of LGBT support in the state is extremely low, and the position of the majority on the right of these individuals to adopt children is also clear. The political constellation has had a significant impact on both policy formulation and implementation stages of the policy process model. In terms of the impact that the Republican Party has on the adoption of such acts, it is important to take the composition of the Alabam
A general essay format is easy to adhere to if properly executed, while an advanced essay format is just as easy and expandable as per requirement. Adherence to an essay format is perhaps one of the essential elements of a well-written essay. In cases where no essay format is followed, it is a commonplace to expect a poor grade and an even poorer review. In order to keep things as simple as possible, most students choose to make use of a standard essay format. The standard essay format is composed of three basic parts. The first part is the introduction that usually makes up about a paragraph or so. In this part, the reader is introduced to the subject of the essay and the thesis. The second part of the standard essay format is the body in which arguments are given in favour of or against the thesis. The essay format brings the essay to a close in which the final conclusion is given based on the discussion in the previous part of the format, namely the body. A more advanced essay format that is more or less a derivation of the standard essay format seeks to divide an essay into five parts. In this essay format, the first part remains the same as it is in the traditional essay format, the introduction. The second part of this essay format introduces the first argument and argues over the first argument. The second part of the essay format introduces the second argument, and the same process is repeated with the third party until the essay comes to a close in the fifth part, the conclusion. It is imperative to note that this essay format considers three arguments to be valid and sufficient for an adequate discussion to be carried out and can therefore be extended as per requirement.