ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
How may disagreement aid the pursuit of knowledge? The development of this answer can come with different answers having different examples to support your evaluation. However, the first thing that this paper requires is to have a concise definition of disagreement. I define disagreement as a state of opposition or contrast between two persons, opinions, or interests. It created a contradicting opinion to what another person says while reinforcing personal beliefs and opinions regarding an issue (Sethi and Muhamet 57-95). However, many regards of disagreement focuses on it to be negative in relation to the experiences of our world because it may contribute to wars or political issues. The global population as a should perhaps think disagreement as a positive aspect because from the start of the human population, the world has incredibly modernized thanks to disagreement between people or ideas, which brought more concise thoughts that then led to more global knowledge. It means that people need to have some degree of disagreement for them to develop a capacity of reaching consensus on issues that are capable of contributing to positive worth. In fact, we can arrive to the conclusion that nothing would have improved in our world if humans agreed on everything since the start. Disagreement occurs when presenting two or more options. Having different ideas will then lead to choosing one of them, and to choose one of them we need to have a sort of conclusion that may be achieved by having a more detailed reasoning and also having a reasoning to explain why the other options are wrong. Disagreements only mean that there is another approach to an issue other than what the other party considers and that leaves room for negotiation to reach an agreement. However, it is never possible to reach agreements on all occasions of disagreement but people can always make compromise if peace should prevail. I planned to have examples on women that would still be discriminated by men, Africans that would still be in chains, and the discovery of the continents like America or Australia. For the scientific part, instead, I wanted to talk in economy about new classical view and Keynesian view, and for sciences, I do not have any ideas the only thing that I wanted to take, as an example is something in physics. The rights of women have been an issue for a very long time. It has taken feminists a lot of activism to have the plight of women heard so that male chauvinists relieve them from that form of oppression. Of course, this is amidst of men who maintain a superior position above women and never have the heart of considering women as people of any worth. The disagreement about the rights of men and women is a very simple one but it keeps producing multiple instances of disagreements as evidenced in many cultures. For example, one universal positioning of women has been
Introduction Urban political machines emerged in the late 19th century to fill the void created by the absence of reliable local governments in the USA. Studies show that city governments suffered from ineptness and inefficiency due to overdependence on the muddled separation of duties among the respective boards, officials, and departments (Judd and Swanstrom 56). In other words, political machines thrived only in cities where the system was fragmented. Today, studies posit that urban political machines do exist in other forms and systems in society. In this paper, the researcher evaluates the concept of the urban political machine by assessing the previous forms of its existence and subsequently assessing the various ways it exists in contemporary society. Reasons for the Downfall of the Political Machines Sections of scholars believe that when several machines were affected, reformers had structured systems to streamline municipal governments by empowering the mayors alongside some pensionable civil servants. According to the reformers, vesting powers in the mayors’ hands would make them accountable to the electorate. In turn, the voters would elect the top-notch class of the society to address their concerns (Judd and Swanstrom 56). Historians link the fall of Boss Tweed to the gradual steps culminating in the urban political machine’s diminishing. Around the 1880s, a team of reformists reenergized to challenge the rooted corruption that marred municipal politics. The “good movement,” alias the “goo-goos,” succeeded in convincing several states and cities to embrace a comprehensive plan for the government reforms, leading to the Progressive Era of the 1880s to around the 1920s. The reformists comprised citizens from various sectors and institutions. On the one hand, the WASP elites were aggrieved by machines’ power while catering to the interests of the less fortunate immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. On the other hand, university and college professors were enthralled by their scientific knowledge, particularly about management and organization (Judd and Swanstrom 11). They sought space to solve the real-world challenges entrenched among the city bureaucracies and administrations. The team’s communication experts earned their reputations as an aggressive group with the desire to expose the machines’ corrupt nature. The group’s middle-class employees were convinced that reforms in the city government would offer the less fortunate better deals than the benevolent paternalism steered by the machines (Judd and Swanstrom 56). That is because machines were likely a family, and that implied from time to time, they could be abusive, dysfunctional, and inconsistent. The reformists’ voting plan was appealing to the electorates because, for the first time, the voters would have the latitude to be part of the decision-making organ on specific issues above the routine of the elected leaders making decisions. Such changes were deemed as dramatic adjustments to combat the corrupt nature of the old machines. However, one of the primary concerns about the Progressive Era was
Kenneth R. Feinberg, the paid adviser of the Obama administration at the time of the AIG bailout approved a request made by the company. The granted request consisted of $4 million, a long-term compensation package that incorporated substantial stock options, then valued at around $3 million with an extra incentive award of $1 million. This entire package was placed over a base salary of $450,000 for top AIG employees in the financial product department. Feinberg’s argument for granting the request was so that the long-term package would become comparable to the packages that were previously granted to the other top executives at AIG because long-term compensation had been absent and employees were planning on leaving the firm. Feinberg followed up that this compensation would contribute to the success of AIG in the long term, which would enable the company to repay taxpayers. Despite this, much of the public was outraged over the decision, and whether Feinberg’s decision was appropriate can be judged based on whether or not AIG’s non-collapse was beneficial to taxpayers today. Though the exact return values of the company towards taxpayers cannot be estimated, the current executive organization is not beneficial with previous AIG CEO, Hank Greenberg, only now paying a fine of $ 9 million due to fraudulent transactions (Gigot, 2017). However, the state of New York has spent much more on the case than the fine can cover, and as such, the CEO continues to add to the spent taxpayer funds. On the other hand, AIG is no longer financially instability and has slow but continuous growth. As such, it can be argued from the company’s perspective that Feinberg made an appropriate decision with the granted request. The individual-organizational exchange relationship is built around four factors, which are the organization and individual, and the contributions and the demands. The demands from the side of the organization include organizational goals, job tasks, and department
The question about being a Canadian in the twenty-first century is a rather complex one because answering it requires a lot of research work and reflective thinking to be carried out. To define a modern Canadian means to define any person living in any country of today’s world. At the same time, to define a Canadian means to take into consideration the national and cultural peculiarities of this country and analyze them against the economic situation, industrial development, levels of education, and the impact of globalization. Drawing from this, the current paper attempts to define what it means to be Canadian in the twenty-first century on the basis of all the above-listed factors and their interrelation in the particular setting of Canada. Thus, the first idea that comes to mind when one gets the task of defining what it is to be Canadian in the modern world is the idea of globalization. The latter, apart from its economic and political consequences, means that the features typical of any other nation can most certainly be observed in Canadians of today. According to Coyne (2008) for instance, “Canadians are encountering the future much faster than we ever have before”, and the great role in this speeding up is attributed to two major factors, i. e. technological progress, and globalization. So, the first feature of a Canadian living in the twenty-first century is the ability to operate with the modern means of communication and being a globalized person, which means being ready to coexist with all nations, races, and ethnic groups acknowledging their equal rights and freedoms. At the same time, Coyne (2008) argues that being a Canadian in the twenty-first century means also being updated about the political development on the international stage and the domestic Canadian political and economic events. Supporting this, Coyne (2008) notices that “Canada’s influence and effectiveness on the internation
Introduction Marketing analysis and forecasting plays an imperative role in planning the operations and growth of any company. The size of the market is greatly influenced by the prevailing economic conditions, demographic factors, competition, culture, religious factors, government legislation, technological changes, social trends, fashion and, ability of customers to purchase products. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the butadiene company was carried out. Butadiene is used to manufacture tires. The analysis was carried out in seven regions, Central Europe, Middle East, North America, South America, North East Asia, West Europe and South East Asia. The total supply, demand, capacity and the operating rates for the different regions were analyzed. Central Europe It is expected that the total demand in this region to increase steeply between the years 2012 to 2016 and then stagnate at this level for the next six years. This means that more of their products will be demanded in this region. The average demand of butadiene is 266000 metric tons (2007 to 2012 average). The total capacity has been increasing with a small margin of about 1% though there was some decline in the year 2010 owing to the demand for more cars and hence the demand for tires increase. It is forecasted that the total capacity will remain constant (at 278000 metric tons) up to 2014 and then increase to 346000 in 2015 followed by a further increase of about 2 % to reach 413000 metric tons. This capacity is expected to stagnate at this level. The total capacity influences the total supply and this same curve will be expected for this region. Middle East In the Middle East region, the average total demand has been 254000 metric tons in 2007. By the year 2012, the demand had risen to 333000 tons due to increase in purchased cars. The total demand is expected to fall within the forecasting period. It is expected that the total capacity to remain at 382000 tons up to year 2017 and increase steadily to 615000 tons in the same year. The operating rate has been declining and this trend is expected to continue for the forecasting period due to a reduction in cars purchased. The market will stagnate and this is because the tire manufacture depends on vehicles bought. North America The total demand for the butadiene in this region reduced from 2432000 to 2432000 metric tons during the 2007 to 2011 period. During 2012, the total demand rose slightly. It is forecasted that the demand will reduce continuously up to year 2016 and then increase rapidly this follows the demand for cars in this region. Due to the total demand, the total capacity of the plant will remain stagnant up to 2019 and increase slightly for the remaining period. The operating rate is expected to rise from 63.3% to 84.1% from the year 2013 to 2022. This is in response to the total demand fluctuations for this region. The total supply is also expected to rise fr
Jeffrey Wigand is an executive employee in a big tobacco company that prefers keeping its private information confidential. He finds himself playing a major role in the movie “insider” out of his intriguing character. The tobacco company chooses to keep every information undercover making the journalists yearn for more and more information concerning the company. One anchor in a local television channel gets the moral fiber to interview one of the employees in his “60 minutes” show. Being in one of the highest ranks in the company makes him the anchor’s favorite choice as an interviewee. His interview with “60 minutes” depicts his open character and In the movie “insider”, his character is revealed in many instances for example when he talks about the effects of tobacco, he makes sentiments about cigarettes like “it is just a delivery device for nicotine”. Truthfulness just comes out from his heart as he confesses it “When I get angry, I have difficulty censoring myself and I don’t like being pushed around.” It is a trait that everyone looks for in others and develops other traits like loyalty, trust and also authenticity. Getting fired does not worry him much for he knows he did nothing wrong but what worries him most is how he will tell his wife about it. A daily newspaper focusing on a story about a legendary athlete who mysteriously dies allegedly by jumping off from a balcony from his own house less than 5 meters high, brings in the big question “is it true that the cause of death is jumping from the balcony?” Here truth can only be told by somebody who possesses the character “truthfulness”. If only his character could be transferred to an eyewitness, in this case, many mysteries would be unraveled. Recommending Jeffrey Wigand to anybody would be the easiest thing since his domineering character “truthfulness” is what everybody would be proud of saying and hearing about. A lot would be said about him when being recommended to others. One of the things is honesty that makes him trustworthy and loyal. This comes out clearly when he reveals a lot about the tobacco industry he works for and says that the boss lies to congress. Talking about the boss took him a lot of guts not even fearing to be fired for exposing the company’s secrets. Through the trait, integrity automatically reveals itself in him and makes him the favorable choice for many. He is also selfless and works for what is right and does not want to be pushed around by anybody not even the authorities above him. Many would agree on Jeffrey Wigand to work for their companies that are after integrity and truthfulness as a requirement in employees for his good charming trait. He would ensure no hidden agendas continue behind the backs of high au
Situation Analysis / Current Marketing Mix Current Product The new fragrance Wonderstruck was launched in the middle of 2011. The famous singer and actress Taylor Swift launched her first perfume in collaboration with the world famous cosmetic company Elizabeth Arden. 1 In press the scent is depicted as follows a gourmand floral… a charming and sparkling surprise of vibrant fruits, kissed by a bouquet of soft petals and a touch of sweet indulgence. 2 The perfume is presented in an oval purple bottle (50ml). The bottle is decorated with “three gold charms” – the Moravian star, a dove and a birdcage. 3 As far as the package is concerned, it features patchwork style fabrics with a gold-embossed number 13 which is the singer’s lucky number. Of course, there is only one model of the product as its uniqueness is the most competitive feature of the fragrance. This product is usually bought by consumers, not businesses. The product is targeted at the singer’s numerous fans who are eager to buy everything connected with their idol. The singer’s name and her works make the product different from other similar products launched by other celebrities. It is important to note that the product was launched in 2011, but there were many teasers online. Consumers were eager to wait for the product for several months. Now it is available in various stores, and it is possible to buy the fragrance online. Current Pricing At present perfume market is full of various offers. Cosmetic and perfume companies create numerous fragrances. Celebrities often launch their own perfumes in conjunction with cosmetic companies. Admittedly, the price depends on the demand greatly. The singer’s popularity makes the fragrance really desirable among Swift’s fans. Therefore, the price of the product cannot be very low as the demand is rather high. It is necessary to note that the price ranges from $50 up to $76. For instance, it is possible to buy the fragrance (for $49.50) at the singer’s official website. 4 At the same time, the fragrance costs $75.95 at eBay. 5 As has been mentioned above the price is not low, though it is not that high. The product’s price ranges within the limits of pricing of similar products. For instance, such brands as Paco Rabanne and Gucci are also sold for about $50-70. It is also possible to claim that the product’s pricing is based on the product’s image, its quality and features. Of course, the most important is still image and the singer’s name as these factors make people want to buy the fragrance at quite a high price (which is typical for high quality products and famous brands). Current Distribution The product is available in many places. In the first place, it is possible to state that the product can be bought right from the business that made it as consumers can buy it at the singer’s official website. At that, the price is very reasonable there. 6 Remarkably, there are lots of p
Introduction Global politics have impacts on almost everyone in various significant ways. In order to understand the concepts of global politics, different intellectual views have been brought to light. Most of these theories are based on traditional and cultural concepts all of which represent issues such as social justice, level of security and freedom among others. Approaches to international politics also entail concerns about fundamental reasoning. A lot of concern has been on the intellectual approaches to global politics which are likely to grow outside the traditional and cultural context of political views. The focus on international relations theories has been driven by the many questions having been raised on how the behavior of a state can be examined as well as the role of the state. This is the reason behind policymakers’ and other practitioners’ concern on international relations studies. This is because there is a close link between abstract theories and real world policy (Walt 1). Since there is no single theory on international relations that can fully explain the complex content of world politics, this paper will examine the competing arrays of theories in order to draw a close understanding of international affairs. Realism maintains that states are the key players of international relations. The realism theory defines a state as that which is free from external control and thus the state has a significant role of driving power and security and most importantly, pursuing the entire interests of the nation. As far as realism theory is concerned, states should perform in a self involved approach rather than focusing on external concerns. The main theme in realism is the significant characteristic of the state which is a defined territory and a government which has sovereign authority over its people. Domestic liberalism, on the other hand, denotes the behavior of states rather than the positive behavior. In this case domestic liberalism is characterized by state’s behavior rather than the expected behavior. Unlike realism where states operate as single actors, domestic liberalism denotes individual and group operations from both domestic and transnational perspective. The decision making theory of international relations falls largely on foreign policy part of international relations. The main focus of the decision making theory is on the foreign policy makers themselves rather than the structural process itself. This is because the decision making process itself is determined by other variables and theories such as use of power and internalization of state interests (Walt 1). Domestic-interest group theory challenge on realism Realism has been the dominant epitome in the study of international relations and political science over the years. For instance, there has been growing conflict between the theories of deterrence and that of state-centric realism. Despite the fact that the two theories attempt to analyze