ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Success of a business What determines the success of a business is the ease and efficiency with which it ensures its customers are served coupled with its financial soundness. Long-term viability of a business depends mainly on three policies; good customer service, low inventory cost and low operating costs. Prudent decisions by an inventory controller are what determine the success or failure of a business, both in the long and short term. Ashley ward Inc should adopt the FIFO (first in first out) rule to ensure items do not stay long in the stores. Using this method of inventory control ensures that goods are not wasted, the company minimizes loses and maintains good customer service (Wild p 6). Performance of the business Wild (p 28) advises Ashley ward Inc that good customer service is increasingly becoming businesses’ main focal point, focusing on products availability and good customer relations. Ashley ward Inc. should gear their customer relation efforts towards ensuring repeat buying by satisfactorily meeting clients’ expectations. The company should also apply the Pareto’s law by putting a tighter control on their most valued materials in terms of efficient restocking methods, security and enhanced storage. The company can use annual turnover of the item to know how important it is to the overall performance of the business. There is no use buying more of a product that has low demand. For instance, a product may be cheap but its demand is high thereby more units are sold. It will be beneficial to the company to stock more of this cheap item than stock a more valued item that they can only sell few units in a year. Demand management Meeting customers’ demand and ensuring their satisfaction should always be the vital link in customer service. Demand management entails ensuring that there is right exhaustive and specific compilation of customer orders, orders are processed fast, items delivered on ti
Why is the Transportation Industry Cyclical in Nature? A cyclical industry refers to an economic sector whose revenues are determined or affected by the economy’s state. In that regard, revenues increases when the economy is experiencing growth. On the other hand, the industry experiences diminished revenues when the economy stagnates or shrinks. Transportation is a cyclical industry because it flourishes when the economy grows and stagnates when it shrinks (Prentice & Prokop, 2015). A growing economy is characterized by urbanization, the rapid expansion of infrastructure, and new businesses’ creation. In times of significant development and growth, there is quick transportation of products and services from one place to another (Dartez, 2013). Transportation industries make a lot of money moving goods between locations. During times of economic downturn, many businesses cut down on expenses to ensure that they survive the tough times.
To begin with, I would like to say that revolutionary advances in construction and information technologies, opening up space for the most sophisticated ideas of architects, has created a new era in modern architecture, which includes a set of directions, movements, and styles. You know, architecture bears a lot of questions in itself. Architects are unique and intellectually developed. They help society to see the world differently. The real architect can produce such an effect that one and the same thing can have new rhythms, patterns, relations, and connections. The aim of the architect is to invite and teach the auditory to think and act differently. Nowadays, there are a lot of concepts and theories concerning architecture. In such works as Disappearance and Distribution written by Brett Steel and Storytelling written by Mark Wigley, the modern scholars and teachers of design describe their ideas and their attitude to some aspects of architecture. These two authors have a great influence on the development of architecture and they have written some articles on the theory and practice of architecture. Mark Wigley is a co-founder of Volume Magazine , and he tries to produce this magazine in a form of conversation. That is something like a triangular partnership: a school, an office, and a magazine. In his work Storytelling, Mark Wigley writes that “I think it is useful to consider architectural theory as a
Participation in politics has been noted by leading behavioural theorists to be greatly influenced by the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals. The education and income level of the individual have been cited among the most influential variables that drive an individual into voting or taking any important political step. Other factors that influence an individual to actively participate in politics are race gender, ethnicity, attitudinal factors, age, political interest, and political efficacy (Tolbert & McNeal 2003, p. 175). However, it has currently been identified that the advent of the Internet has brought a new perspective in national politics. The Internet has brought with it new ways through which both the politicians and the public can be involved in altering the national political directions (Aikens and Koch 1996, p. 74). Accordingly, this paper will point out the role of the Internet in national politics and thus highlight the importance of restructuring the political approaches in regard to the new technological advances. According to White (2008, par. 9), the internet allows politicians and parties to gain financial support from their adherents. Through the Internet, political parties are able to communicate with the public and hence call for party support through financial donations. In return, the party supporters are able to give their donations through the same means. A good example was the Democratic Party’s ability to gain record-breaking financial support from the public. In September 2008 alone, the Internet assisted Obama to amass a total of $150 million (White 2008, par. 9). In addition, the Internet acts as the tool through which political criticism can be diffused and countered (Casey 1996, p. 15). While a candidate can be criticised for shortcomings in his character, it is easier for the political party to counter the allegations by using the Internet to avail information to its adherents. This can be attributed to the implication of the Internet on the national discourse. In their report called “Buzz, Bloggs and beyond: The Internet and the National Discourse in the Fall of 2004,” Jobbins and Cornfield (2009, par. 6) point out that “…political bloggers can make an impact on politics.” In the 2008 US presidential elections, the Democrats used the Internet as a weapon through which they could counter the allegations that their presidential candidate Barrack Obama was inexperienced and hence incompetent. By using the Internet, the Democrats campaigned for the establishment of a culture of everyone being an expert of himself to foster development (White 2008, par. 5). Tolbert and McNeal (2003, p. 175) further argue that the Internet provides information about the candidates and the political parties and also the elections. The public usually depends on the mass media to provide information concerning the political direction of the country. However, not all the media can be relied upon by the public. in most cases, people will entrust their faithful allegiance to media that gives them the information they need
This paper is devoted to the events in world history which took place in the XV-XVI centuries. This paper is going to concentrate on the factors which prevented Europe from its global expansion at that time. Also, it will touch the events outside of Europe. To start with, it is necessary to claim that there are three major factors which did not allow Europe to expand over the globe. First of all, this is the feudal order which existed in Europe at that time. The continent was split into small counties whose armies were not numerous enough to get involved in strong battles outside the continent. Therefore, small states were supposed to unite so as to expand the European influence worldwide. This was a far goal to be reached (“Chapter 15” 755). Second, there were strong states in the east that were rather a warrior. Besides, they were willing to expand their influence worldwide. Thus, European states were better not to speed up the events. Third, the 14 th century was marked by the overthrow of the Byzantine Empire, which resulted in the most wonderful period of the European culture. Renaissance is acknowledged to be one of the most significant époque in world history. It came to replace the Medieval Ages and was followed by the Enlightenment. It played a notable role in European culture. It started in the 14 th century in Italy and in the 15 th century in other European countries. The main features of the époques are its civil nature of culture and anthropocentrism. The latter implies an interest in people and their deeds. Apart from that, this was the time when people got interested in the culture of antiquity. This was its renaissance. This is how the term appeared. It was used by Italian humanists, for instance, by Georgio Vazari. Nowadays, the term “renaissance” is used to signify a cultural heyday. The new paradigm appeared due to changes in social relationships in Europe. The most important role in Renaissance development was played by the overthrow of the Byzantine Empire. Byzantines had to escape to Europe. They took their books and arts with them. Therefore, many antique sources unknown to Europeans appeared in Europe. In fact, Byzantines never forgot the Antique culture. It is necessary to note that Cosimo Medici was so impressed by a speech that was made by a Byzantine lecturer that he founded Plato Academy in Florence. The growth of cities-states entrained the influence of classes that did not participate in feudal relations: artisans,
The main focus of this research paper will be to discuss and analyze criminal justice problems that arise in rehabilitation programs within the penal system. The concept of rehabilitation programs will be discussed in length and the relevant statistics will be used to determine whether these programs reduce the rates of crime amongst criminals. The paper will also discuss whether rehabilitative programs reduce the rates of recidivism among prison offenders who have been released from prison. The discussion will highlight the various rehabilitation programs that are currently used to reform prisoners such as academic programs, religious programs and educational programs and it will also focus on whether these programs reduce the rate of recidivism. Introduction Criminal justice programs around the world face various challenges, especially in rehabilitating the behavior of inmates within correctional facilities. The purpose of this research paper will be to assess the various issues that exist in rehabilitative programs and whether these programs reduce recidivism. Rehabilitation programs are used to correct and rehabilitate criminal offenders so that they can emerge as useful members of society once they complete their prison sentences (Clements et al., 2008). Some of the rehabilitation programs that are commonly used to reform inmates include counseling, community-based programs, health and fitness programs, transcendental meditation, academic programs and religious programs. The research paper will discuss the effectiveness of each of these rehabilitation programs in reforming the criminal behavior of prisoners. Perspectives of Rehabilitation Programs Rehabilitative programs are usually based on the assumption that criminal behavior in most suspects is caused by some contributing factor such as a history of violence, psychological, physiological, emotional or mental disorders (Barkan & Bryjak, 2009). Such an assumption does not refute that some criminals make their personal choices to break the law, but rather it argues that these personal choices are usually caused by certain factors which contribute to criminal behavior. Rehabilitation programs are therefore based on such perspectives where the various correctional programs are designed to deal with criminal enforcing behavior. For example, counseling programs could focus on the behavior that led to the criminal offender committing the offense while educational programs could focus on how to change negative behavior to positive behavior. Correctional programs in prison facilities are therefore crucial in reducing the recurrence of criminal behavior as well as reducing recidivism among probationers and parolees (Barkan & Bryjak, 2009). Rehabilitation programs that have focused on correcting the behavior of criminal offenders have in the past been effective in reducing recidivism as they are mostly focused on reforming criminal behavior and also eliminating the factors or circumstances that drive offenders to commit criminal acts. Criminologists such as Martinson, who have conducte
The article entitled “Why cellphone videos of black people’s deaths should be considered sacred like lynching photographs” discusses wide photo and video coverage of Afro-Americans’ deaths in mass media. The videos, taken with the use of phones, are distributed through the internet and social media and are not viewed with the proper respect the death, especially violent death, calls for. The article states that this attitude is rooted in history when the deaths of black people were not considered important. However, such an attitude can not be tolerated in modern society, and showing footage of Afro-Americans’ deaths should be banned. While no videos of deaths of white people can be easily found on the internet, many web pages provide footage of black peoples’ deaths. In the case of violent deaths, the argument is to draw the public’s opinion to the murder (Richardson, 2020). Sometimes public outrage helps find a guilty person, but this argument does not work in most cases. By showing deaths and TV and the internet, people strip death of all solemnity which befits such an event. Moreover, it serves to educate society to see death as a common event. Bereaved relatives may not get the level of support they need due to such photo and video coverage. The deprivation they feel by losing their loved one is multiplied by their inability to grieve in silence when the death is shown and, worst of all, discussed on the net or TV. I firmly believe imposing a ban on showing such videos would be a good thing since, in this way, death can retain its solemn character, and a person’s relatives may mourn in silence their beloved one. Reference Richardson, A. V. (2020). Why Cellphone Videos of Black People’s Deaths Should be Considered Sacred, Like Lynching Photographs. The Conversation .Barner, C. (2012). Social media and communication . Sage.
Introduction Management of information quality is a very important aspect in every organization because besides helping the managers of the business to make informed decisions, it also helps in improvement of business performance. The extent to which an organization understands the business environment as well as its customers’ needs and wants is dependent on the effectiveness of information quality management. Managing information quality calls for one to have a clear understanding of the relationship between data quality, information quality, and knowledge quality. Most organizations have policies that govern the flow of information both inside and outside the organization. Management of information quality is a process that interlinks data quality, information quality and knowledge quality as well as the measures taken to enhance the overall effectiveness in an organization. The relationship between data quality, information quality, and knowledge quality To establish the relationship in the above-mentioned elements, one requires an understanding of each. Data quality refers to the extent or rather the degree to which data accurately gives a reflection of the exact object or event that the data represents. It is the quality of the origin of data utilized to establish information resources used as references by various groups of people. The essential aspects of data include accuracy, validity, completeness, objectivity, and consistency. Information quality is a measure of value for the sustainability of information for the purpose required by its users. It is the degree of value of data in supporting an organization’s processes. It is important to mention that information quality varies among users and uses of the information. The requirements of information quality are effectiveness, efficiency, confidentiality, integrity, availability, reliability and compliance to the set rules and regulations governing the flow of information within a given state. Unlike data and information quality, knowledge quality d
Written by Michael Cunningham, the hour is a novel that focuses on the lifestyle, attitude, personality, and reputation of women. Although there are many characters in the novel, the author explicitly majors on three of them especially women who include, Virginia Woolf, Laura Brown, and Clarrisa Vaughn. Through description of their daily errands and activities, Cunningham describes vividly the characters of the three women. Virginia Woolf is a writer and at the same time married while Laura Brown is a mother and a wife. Although the daily lives of the two seem to be smooth, none of them is happy in her marriage and therefore struggles to escape from the reality of life. In addition, the sexual life of the women in the novel is refutable. Despite being married, the women have relationship with fellow women while others take comfort in kissing their female friends. Therefore, Woolf and Brown have many similarities in their characters with a few differences. Through analytical description of the daily events and behavior of Woolf and Brown, Cunningham is able to draw a number of similarities in their characters. The attitude and feelings of Brown and Woolf describes their character as extremely sensitive. For instance, when Mrs. Woolf wakes up in the morning she is reluctant to look herself in the mirror because she thinks her reflection will remind her of her failures and discourage her from writing. Her sensitivity propels her to refuse speaking to Nelly because she thinks she might be a bad omen. Although her husband loves and appreciates her, Mrs. Woolf believes she is not well and her cure lies in London. Furthermore, she decides not to eat to keep her mind alert but her decision is not a remedy to her because her husband can foresee her anguish. Therefore, Virginia is sensitive to very tiny events that another person might not even notice. She thinks the only way to focus her mind on writing is by detaching herself from the surrounding environment unfortunately her decision characterize her as a sensitive person. Likewise, it is in the morning and Mrs. Brown is not yet up but she is reading a novel from her bed. She feels guilty for not being up as early as her husband who is making breakfast for the family. If her husband is not complaining, why is she being so sensitive about the issue? The day is still young but she already foresees the difficulties during the daytime. Her sensitiveness makes her to prepare a cake to make up for the breakfast. Moreover, the sight of her husband and son automatically annoys because she views them as a burden to her. Her indecision to accept the situation at hand especially as a mother and wife detaches her from her immediate family members. To escape from her daily routine she decides to read Virginia Woolf’s novel. Therefore, Brown’s extreme sensitiveness always puts her in guilt and she tries to compare herself with other women like Virginia. Brown’s sensitive nature is similar to Virginia because their ability to notice or consider unnoticeable is
Unemployment is a macro-economic situation whereby people are ready to work at the current wage rate but because of the prevailing factors of production are not in a position to get placement. International Labour Organization defines unemployed people as those who are aged over 16 years and are willing to work and have actively sought employment during the previous four weeks and do not have any paid job. There are various types of unemployment namely: Cyclical unemployment, Frictional unemployment, Structural unemployment, Seasonal unemployment, Voluntary unemployment and under employment (Seymour 2005). Cyclical Unemployment is a type of unemployment, which occurs because of decline in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) especially during periods of contraction/recession or any period when the economy fails to operate at its potential. It is controllable thus receives a lot of attention from macro-economic policy analysts. Additionally, it is characterised by temporary suspension without pay due to reduced demand of goods or services they produce and has to last for a period of seven consecutive days (Seymour 2005). Frictional Unemployment is unemployment resulting from people leaving jobs that they do not like and are searching for new employment or people whom either entering or re-entering the labour force to search for a job. Time lapses between separation and discovery of new job. Structural Unemployment represents unemployment caused by permanent shifts in the pattern of demand for goods or services or changes in technology. This requires the employees to undergo training or move to other locations to find new jobs (Seymour 2005). Seasonal Unemployment is a type of unemployment, which is caused by seasonal conditions affecting specific factors. For example, the agricultural sector is dependent on rainwater. Hence, during periods of good rains there will be high economic activities creating jobs while during periods of dry season there will massive unemployment due to less economic activities. Voluntary Unemployment is unemployment by choice experienced in most of the developed countries. This happens because of the unemployment benefits given by the UK government thus encouraging most youths to look for highly paying jobs. Therefore, in the short-run most of them remain unemployed. Such decisions by most youth have led to increased level of youth unemployment in UK (UK National Statistics). Underemployment; under normal circumstances people are supposed to work for 6-8 hours a day. Therefore, if an individual works for less than six hours then they are underemployed. This is because the talent or effort is not fully utilized. It can also occur when an individual is working in a sector where their skills are underutilized (Seymour 2005). Most of the youth in UK are either working fewer hours such as part time while others work in sectors where their skills are underutilized (BBC News). Unemployment rate measures the unemployment level. It is the proportion of economically energetic people who do not have jobs (i.e. number of people who are unemploye