ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, women’s empowerment is one of the frequently used terms, which has become the dominant topic of debates and discussions. The following questions have arisen: What does women’s empowerment truly entail? Indeed, empowerment, whether applied to women or men, means the process of getting knowledge, capabilities, and skills enabling an individual to pursue their rights and achieve goals, not being constrained by various barriers (U.AE, 2021). Empowerment also entails creating a framework providing people with a chance to protect their rights and accomplish their goals without being pressed by various external factors (U.AE, 2021). The UAE government places a high premium on youth empowerment and gives it a top priority. The government makes no concessions in ensuring their advancement and commitment to ensuring the nation’s and future generation’s sustainability. As part of its commitment, the government has taken several steps to encourage youth participation. It has undertaken a number of initiatives aimed at promoting national identity and a sense of belonging. In March 2015, the Ministry of Culture and Knowledge Development and the General Authority of Sports launched the Youth Empowerment Strategy (YES) to empower the government and young Emiratis to collaborate on achieving Vision 2021. Education Emiratis receive a free education in public schools, colleges, and universities (Al Harbi, 2021). The UAE government wants to eliminate gender issues in this field and guarantee that all minorities or vulnerable groups, such as women and people with disabilities, can enroll in all educational establishments regardless of their level (Al Rayssi, 2021). Following Article 17 of the UAE Constitution and Article 1 of Federal Law No. 11 of 1972 on Compulsory Education, education becomes free for all UAE citizens (Al Harbi, 2021). In July 2012, the UAE government introduced a new regulation to establish school-leaving age, following many other examples globally (U.AE, 2021). This law states that Emirati children should start attending school at the age of six and continue learning till they are 18 (Al Harbi, 2021). Socio-Economic Empowerment Women’s empowerment in the UAE began on 8 February 1973 with the inaugural meeting of the UAE’s first women’s organization, ‘The Renaissance of Abu Dhabi Women Association’ (Al Harbi, 2021). Similar associations were formed in other emirates. Sheikha Fatima Bint Mubarak recognized the necessity of coping with her late husband, Sheikh Zayed, the UAE’s Founding Father, and created the General Women’s Union in 1975, leading to better management of all women associations in the UAE (Al Rayssi, 2021). This event started a new phase in the UAE’s development as the country accepted many incentives to empower women economically (Al Harbi, 2021). Today, females are allowed to serve as top managers or on the boards of directors, which is a great achievement of the movement. Culture Nowadays, women in the UAE have multiple opportunities for career building. Statistics show that 66% of jobs in the country’s public sector, including nearly 30% of decision-making posi
Brand evolution can be defined as an uninterrupted process of creating value and improving customers’ experience to achieve higher satisfaction. The brand may become irrelevant owing to several factors (economic crisis, competition, low-quality management, lack of resources, etc.), however, to stay afloat, a company may attempt to adapt to the new environment. This requires not only a willingness to change but also a careful plan covering both short- and long-term objectives of brand evolution as well as steps that should be taken to achieve them (De Chernatony, 2010). A company must learn how to exceed the customer’s expectations and predict needs before they emerge. Thus, if the brand loses its popularity, it is necessary to review not only its logo, advertisement, or design. Tools and methods have to be applied to change the behavior of the brand that would allow making service decisions that put the customer in the center of brand experience (Jones & Robinson, 2012). Starbucks rates among the top organizations that have undergone drastic brand redesigns. The company had to meet a lot of challenges to maintain its image and create a unique identity that would appeal to potential customers worldwide. Since it was opened, Starbucks has constantly refreshed its logo and cup design trying to improve the core image (a green pattern with siren adorning cups, packages, website, and stores) in such a way that it remains recognizable. Starbucks reasonably decided to stop the evolution of the logo into a multi-color clutter – it could be connected with a lot of expenses and is harder to memorize. In 2011, the company came out with a refreshed identity, branding, and traditional logo with the removed outer strip and the brand name (Michelli, 2006). However, brand evolution is not restricted to redesign. As it was mentioned above, evolution is based on increasing customer satisfaction. Thus, the company adhered to the following plan to achieve success (Jones & Robinson, 2012):   * become an unquestionable authority in the coffee market;   * give more inspiration to partners;   * ensure the
A Summary of Readings The three studies under analysis focus on the investigation of empathy as a crucial element of social interaction. Hardy and Van Vugt (2006) have based their research on the premise that people are social animals, which presupposes that humans base their behavioral choices on the notions of altruism and selfishness. Scholars note that unlike the majority of other mammals that help one another only within “small kinship groups,” humans can also interact in large social groups (Hardy & Van Vugt, 2006, p. 1402). What is more, these groups do not necessarily include only individuals with whom one is familiar. The authors focus on the analysis of altruism as a form of empathy. According to Hardy and Van Vugt (2006), there is a variety of ways in which people can demonstrate unselfishness. These cases may include charity donations, participation in rescuing activities, supporting one’s motherland in the time of war, and risking one’s life when trying to help others in an emergency. The purpose of Hardy and Van Vugt’s (2006) study is to detect a relationship between altruistic behavior and the development of status hierarchies within communities. The article by Masten, Morelli and Eisenberger (2011) concentrates on the investigation of empathy for prosocial behavior. Scholars emphasize that researchers interested in the study of empathy have not given sufficient attention to the neuroimaging approach. Meanwhile, as Masten et al. (2011) remark, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to detect individuals’ empathy during social activities. The authors employed an fMRI scanner during the experiment, which involved the participant observing a person being excluded by two other people from a social situation. Further, the participant was to send an email to the excluded individual, and researchers evaluated how prosocial these messages were. Masten et al. (2011) found that the observation of social exclusion activated the regions of the brain related to mentalizing, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Researchers have concluded that a person’s spontaneous prosocial attitude toward others is likely to be enhanced by empathy-associated neural responses. As well as Masten et al. (2011), Svetlova, Nichols, and Brownell (2010) have dedicated their study to the analysis of prosocial behavior. However, their research is concentrated not on adults but on young children. The main purpose of Svetlova et al.’s (2010) article is to investigate the alterations in toddlers’ prosocial behavior. Schola
Introduction While it remains difficult to predict exactly when the next influenza pandemic will take place, it is widely observed that the world has recorded an average of three pandemics in every century, noted at the interval of 10 to 50 years (World Health Organization, 2007). Morbidity and mortality rates associated with every pandemic usually differ significantly, but the consequences are devastating to human health while causing severe social and economic burdens. Several vital ethical concerns have emerged in pandemic influenza organizing, readiness, and response, and some of these issues relate to “priority access to care, vaccine availability, and intensive care unit bed allocation is given that these resources are hardly adequate” (World Health Organization, 2007). Healthcare workers’ obligations and risks they face raise important ethical questions. Further, surveillance, isolation, and quarantine may be done in a manner that undermines human rights. Finally, states also have obligations with regard to planning and response to an influenza pandemic. This public administration case study focuses on ethical issues that are most likely to arise during the next influenza pandemic in the US. The case study presents solutions or recommendations to the identified ethical issues. Ethical Issues and Solutions The first major ethical issue relates to the management of the healthcare workforce. Specifically, absenteeism and possible sanctions; control strategies, including isolation and quarantine; and the possible involvement of unqualified or non-professional healthcare providers who lack similar qualifications possessed by physicians and nurses. To overcome this ethical issue, the following solutions are preferred. First, it is imperative for the state to pinpoint all healthcare personnel who are considered vital during the influenza pandemic. Second, high expectations without punishment should be implemented during the pandemic. Third, government agencies involved should clearly set and communicate their intentions and goals that healthcare facilities should meet. For instance, there is a need to have sufficient medical supplies for personnel who directly interact with affected persons. Finally, it is recommended that all healthcare facilities should have common policies for reinforcing interventions, identifying compliance issues, and setting fair and responsive conditions for extraordinary cases. These solutions may assist the public health administrator in overcoming ethical issues related to the management of staff. Another ethical concern involves triage and allocation of inadequate resources (Silva et al., 2012). In this case, triage and access to limited healthcare resources could raise difficult questions for care providers based on diverse patient-specific characteristics, such as social, medical, and demographic. These factors are bound to influence patient priority during pandemic and periods of limited resources. The main ethical issues are most likely to be influenced by age or social factors when considering the best candidate for
Introduction Hospitals are important because we all depend on them for our survival, since we are prone to illnesses at any given time. The hospitals are comprised of individuals who are there to achieve one common goal towards the provision of healthcare services. Currently, the employees who work in hospitals have filed cases in courts because their respective hospitals have denied them work breaks. They feel that their respective hospitals have denied them their rights. This paper will focus on what causes this problem in US hospitals and possible solutions. Problem Definition Registered nurses (RN) in the United States are responsible for delivering healthcare services to patients such as administration of medicine and washing the wounds of the patients. In most hospitals, the nurses work on an hourly basis whereby they work under defined work schedules. However, at times, they have to work extra hours due to the increase in workloads (Williams, 2007). For instance, when natural disasters strike, such as earthquakes, there are many casualties, and thus the nurses have to work round the clock in a bid to save as many lives as possible. During circumstances similar to the ones mentioned above, the nurses are very cooperative, but the problem here is that the nurses no longer get their breaks as stipulated in their work ethics. The nurses had certainly tried to solve the problem with their administrators and when their efforts did not bear any fruits, they resorted to taking legal action against their employers. Additionally, there were no established channels of communication in hospitals for employees to file lawsuits. Effective human resource management is possible when the administrators can interact with their employees. This is because it is the surest way of understanding the needs of the employees (Brester, 2007). Causes of Industrial Disputes The administrators should identify the exact cause of the legal action because politicians to gain political mileage can perpetuate the lawsuits. Brewster (2007) explains that there are several causes of industrial action and this is because there are other underlying issues that might have influenced the nurses to seek the intervention of the judicial system. The first cause of industrial action revolves the wages and salaries. This is the most obvious reason because the cost of living has hiked and the nurses must have plotted to use the argument of overworking as the platform to demand better pay. The second cause of industrial dispute includes layoffs, which makes employees use the strikes to amend their term
Introduction Problem Statement Frequency modulation is a type of signal encoding. Since its introduction and popularization throughout the first half of the twentieth century, FM has gained significant popularity and became widely used in multiple areas. Most prominently featured in the field of radio communication, mainly sound broadcasting and two-way communication, it has found application in video broadcasting and recording, sound synthesis, medicine, data transmission, both analog and digital, telemetry, military surveillance and detection systems, and, to a smaller degree, in many other fields. While being only marginally suitable for digital signal transmission, which is becoming dominant in the modern world, and demonstrating several inherent drawbacks which limit its use, frequency modulation’s potential is far from exhausted. Thesis of Paper While the simplicity, robustness, reliability, and relatively low cost of the technology suggest that it will remain in use in the majority of its current applications, several new and promising ways of utilizing it exists, which may be worth further research and development, and require in-depth insight. Methodology The method of research used in this paper is a review of secondary sources. The FM technology is a well-established concept, with most of its applications having a long and well-documented history and properly highlighted incredible scientific and technical sources. The main focus of the research will be the technical and scientific publications, as well as reliable web sources. This method will allow for a comprehensive understanding of the topic and the reliability of the presented information. Motivation and Objectives The main reason the review of frequency modulation is the focus of the research is the rise in popularity of the digital media, which requires the novel approach and means of operation. In this light, the analog devices and technologies seem to lose popularity among the general public. While not being of significant value, such a predisposition still has its influence on the prioritizing and progress of the implementation and utilization process. Meanwhile, the technology in question still offers interesting possibilities. Background Information History of the Technology Frequency modulation is a technique of encoding information into a carrier wave. Several methods of such encoding exist, with the two most popular being changing the amplitude of the base wave, or amplitude modulation, and changing its frequency, or FM. Both of them have their strengths, and have competed in the early twentieth century, but have eventually divided the areas of application. Initially, the AM method was in broad use. The reasons for this was the apparent obviousness of such approach (changing the amplitude was deemed a more “straightforward” approach), and the disadvantage suffered by FM in the conditi
The way REI addressed sustainability/environmentalism and the concept of over-consumption as part of this corporate initiative REI addressed environmentalism and over-consumption as part of its corporate initiative in several ways. For instance, they buy electricity that is purely induced, and they have introduced such programs that reduce air contamination. They have planned to become fully environmentally aware by rejecting the idea of landfill waste and operating in green buildings that effectively consume energy. Also, they try to use paper wisely and, in general, emphasize the necessity of being eco-friendly in their marketing strategy. In October 2015, REI announced that all 143 stores would be closed on the “Black Friday” (the day after Thanksgiving) to allow their staff and customers to spend the day outside the shop (“OptOutside” par.1). Even though their initiative was authentic, it can be perceived as a strategic marketing maneuver for several reasons. The retailer invited its staff and customers to spend time without shopping using the hashtag #OptOutside in social media (interestingly enough, 1200 employees were paid for their work on that day). After collecting more than 5.5 million active participants, REI was able to boost their profit so that it has exceeded $2 billion compared to the US “Black Friday” in 2014 (Ahuja, Varun and Arrawatia 409). It was the most profitable occasion in the top ten highest-grossing sales days. Thus, in addition to the increased profits, REI used the retail attention to “Black Friday” to determine their real brand value. Walmart’s Labor Issues One of the problems associated with the Walmart workforce was the issue of employment of illegal workers. Initially, the company denied employing the illegal immigrants arguing that the staff in the shops was selected by the contractors that complied with all the laws and hired the legal workers under the terms of the social contra
Introduction In the midst of the high divorce rates, unfaithfulness, and dissatisfaction in marriages, the ways to a long-lasting marriage have been a burning issue. However, studies have established that 40% of married men and 35% of women have an extremely intense love towards their spouses in their 30-year or more marriages. Romantic love and faithfulness is what holds marriages together and makes them long-lasting; without such factors, a marriage stands high chances of collapsing (Acevedo, Aron, Fisher, & Brown, 2012). Nevertheless, the maintenance of romantic love has been an issue of concern in the psychological study as psychologists have not been able to speak with one voice in its regard. Some of them argue that romantic love reduces with time in marriage, especially after the birth of a child, while others suggest that the affair grows stronger as couples continue to live together. Theorists who believe that romantic love
Executive Summary Santa Fe Grill a Dallas-based restaurant has been successful in its operations and is currently planning to open two new restaurants in Texas. The selected cities of Texas are Houston and San Antonio. The company is concerned about different factors which could affect this business decision and the outcome of five years projections which the company has prepared for its expansion program. In this report, different research variables are identified and secondary research is carried out to present findings supporting the company’s expansion decision. Research Variables The research variables identified for this market research are listed below:  1. Population and expected growth  2. Competition  3. Wage & regulations  4. Suppliers  5. Income levels Secondary Research The secondary research for this report has been carried out deriving relevant information from different sources including reports published by both government and non-governmental organizations and web sources including online newspapers. Different variables identified in the previous section of the report are further divided into smaller variables and presented in the following table. This data would form the basis for discussion in the next section to determine the viability of the selected markets for expanding the restaurant business for Santa Fe Grill. Variable                          Houston                                                                                                                           San Antonio                                                                                                                                                        Population                        2,208,180 (
Introduction Mads Nissen is a Danish photographer who has won several awards because of his talent in photography. He started photography at a very young age and he has developed his act over the years that he has been taking photographs. Mads has been focused on press photographs and he has won awards with photographs covering different events and capturing different moment (Lauridsen 23). His talent in photography was more developed because of his love for journalism. He started taking pictures and photos that were fit for journalism purposes and he perfected his act by doing a lot of photographs and capturing the moments that have brought him good fortune and fame in the journalism industry. He has become famous for some of the best photographs ever taken in the world and has expressed a lot of stories and emotions through his photography all around the world Background Mads Nissen is Danish who was born in Denmark in the year 1979. He studied Spanish when he was a child and engaged in voluntary work when he was in Venezuela. This helped in nurturing his talent and his desire of being a photographer. This is because he used to take photos where he volunteered. He went ahead to work on personal photographic projects in South America and Ghana and thereafter finished a three year course on education. His passion for journalism was burning and he decided to join the Danish school of journalism in a course of photojournalism (Lundelin 45). He graduated with a distinction he attended the joop swart master class. This class is usually organized by the world press photo annually and it has gained recognition from all over the world as one of the biggest