ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Popular music today is quite different to what people listened to a decade ago or many eons back in the history of time. Even though it has often been argued out that the more things change the more they remain the same, music has by no means remained the same ever since it was first discovered in a very simple and primitive form. Music originated from the sounds of half-human progenitors during the courtship season. The most fascinating aspect about the exponential evolution of music is that although it grew differently in many parts of the world and mostly along distinct ethnic lines, it has in the end merged up to give few categories of music that cater for the diverse tastes and preferences of the human race. Originality of music is born when profiteers rack their brains to come up with what the people want to listen to. This is the beginning of the birth of different types of music. They are these marginalized types of music that this text will consider as popular music of the modern world with respect to the various tastes among different people which are caused most likely by age and the caliber of an individual in society. The state of popular music today depends on the perspective of an individual. Most people will agree with me that the state of popular music today is out rightly bad, but again an equal number will tend to hail the opposite side of this. If we try to reason with the two groups and come up with a general conclusion, it would be satisfying enough to say that the state of popular music today is between good and bad. I would say that popular music is currently both bad and good but slightly more bad than good. Why do I say so? Apart from the major reason of entertaining, music has another crucial task of emancipating the masses. It is quite ironical that a shockingly large percentage of artistes in the music industry have discarded this significant duty. On the contrary, they have indulged in careless singing with less regard to the content of their songs.. Talking of being modern, there is a vast difference between being modern and singing modernized music. On the other hand, there are still those artistes who haven’t forgotten the significance of the content of their music to the outside world. What’s more, the rich variety of modern music has availed a wide choice of music for the listeners to choose from. With this regard, we can then infer that the more diverse the types of music, the more there is for a listener to choose from (Manuel 2). As the situation is right now, I can’t say that there is a dominant style of music. There are countless music styles in the whole universe. Some of them are common because they are int
Nortel Network is a leading telecommunications equipment manufacturer located in Canada. This company specializes in network equipment such as wireless, voice, multimedia equipment, telephone, cellular, and cable operators, etc (Nortel Network Home Page 2007). The effective value chain is important for Nortel Network as it influences all operations and logistics of the company. Effective organizational performance depends upon the value chain and allocation of resources. The value chain is extremely important for Nortel because it helps the company organize and control its activities around the world. Today, the company employs 31,500 people and operates in all parts of the world including Asia, Europe, Turkey, Australia, New Zealand, China, Hong Kong, etc. Value Chain Following M. Porter, the value chain is the sequence of activities, from start to finish, by which the product or service is transformed from an idea to a consumable form (Porter 34). For instance, if the product is multimedia equipment, the chain starts with the materials (electronics parts and plastics) and ends with delivery to a customer such as a manufacturer of multimedia equipment. It is possible to say that if a firm is not fully integrated backward, the value chain would commence with the receipt of raw materials, and if forward integration is incomplete, the chain could end with manufacture and warehousing. According to Porter, the main elements of the value chain are firm infrastructure, HRM, technology, and procurement. Primary activities involve service, marketing and sales, outbound logistics, operation, and inbound logistics (Porter 35) (see Appendix Figure 1). Support Activities Firm i
Children are experts when it comes to the use of the conversational language style they have learned from the families or the social setup where they belong. Some of the conversational styles are incorporated into the academic language. However, the initial conversational styles may prove disadvantageous to the students’ ability to learn the much valued academic language. Academic language is widely employed in science fields; therefore, it is imperative that school going children master it very well. A statement can be expressed in two different ways if conversational style of language is used, but the actual meaning may not be addressed explicitly. From the rusting analogy, Gee clarified that Jill and Philip meant the same thing but they are not giving the real phenomenon of rusting. This example is a case whereby the students have failed to use academic language. According to Gee, this misconception can be done away with if the learners can employ academic language to explain the two scientific cases (Gee, 2008). When scientists are developing any theory, they frequently advance their concepts using a language that expresses the central perspective using an easy -to­- understand methodology. Journals use academic language to support any scientific view professionally. However, whenever scientists are advancing their interest to the public, they use a softer form of academic language. By doing so, they are informing the target, which may not necessarily have the scientific knowledge. Explanatory definitions are widely used in science textbooks. According to Gee, explanatory descriptions are hard to understand but they can help link a particular theme of the text with a certain scientific genre (Gee, 2008). The type of the academic language used will significantly affect the theorizing and the experimenting perspective of the science. Conversational language style is the crucial foundation for the acquisition of academic language style. Credible sources point out that schools play a very vital role in inculcating all the students with the school style of language (Gee, 2008). It is difficult for those who are learning English to acquire academic language style. Gee warns that sometimes they have to learn both the languages simultaneously. Academic language cannot be learned through grammar instruction, the students can only obtain this language when they hear it being used in a particular context, and they try to use it in the appropriate scientific field. Middle- class homes equip their children with academic language style when they are learning to talk. The simple act of engaging the young child in story telling inculcates some concepts of academic language into his or her vocabulary. For instance, the mother can coach or rather intervene during the process thus ensuring that the child expresses the points explicitly. The child also gets the chance to
Introduction Management is the process in which a person or a group of people run or control things or people. Management is accomplished using the set guidelines and the limited resources that are availed to achieve the established goals and objectives. Management can be applied in organizations, homes, or other social settings. Management in an organization focuses on human resource, capital, and other resources towards the attainment of a set goal (Wren, Bedeian and Breeze, 2002, p. 907). There are different levels of management including the top level management, middle level management, and first level or low level management. There have been various people from ancient times who have attempted to study management. Their focus has been on how the aspect of management should be employed, its functions, the impacts on the overall performance of an organization, and how it can be improved for better results and effectiveness (Pryor and Taneja, 2010, p. 590). One of the first scholars to study management and advance its functions and principles was the Frenchman Henri Fayol. Fayol was born in 1841, and he was a director at a coal mine in France. He initially identified five functions of management. He described functions of management as those things that proper management helps to attain (McLean, 2011, p. 32). The five initial functions were planning, controlling, leading, organizing, and staffing. However, authors of management books have combined them into four functions, which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Pryor and Taneja, 2010, p. 589). In this essay, the focus is on the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, and how it employs the functions of management and the impact to the organization. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia was founded in 1911 under an Act of parliament. The bank started its business in 1912. Its main functions are to carry out general banking services and savings for the Australian people. Currently, the bank has over 800,000 shareholders and has employed about 52,000 employees. It was owned by the Australian government until 1991 when it was listed publicly. This paper looks at each function of management, and how they have been used in the bank and the implications. Fayol’s Four Functions of Management Planning is the act of setting goals and objectives and coming up with ways of achieving them given the limited resources of time, human resource, and capital among others in order to meet the goals effectively. It is a futuristic act done to try and foresee how a combination of different activities instigates certain results. It is the process that determines who does what, what resources to employ, and when to do wh
Advertisement plays an important role in the preservation and strengthening of the company’s position on the market. Performed right, it becomes very effective and contributes to the smooth implementation of the manufactured production, in particular, Camel cigarettes. However, in order to create a successful advertising, it seems necessary to take into account plenty of aspects, namely, the target audience, the form of the advertising message, the content of the ad text, and other means of expression. Cigarette advertising is a complex process as law restricts it to some extent. Nevertheless, it does not prevent advertisers to come up with new and creative ways of attracting customers. This paper examines the influence of the Camel cigarettes on customers and different aspects of the print advertisement of one of the oldest and the most prestigious brands of the tobacco in the world – Camel cigarettes advertisement dated by 1979. In the advertisement, one can note a handsome man smoking the cigarette on his motorbike. The man dressed in jeans and a light jacket. He looks satisfied and successful. Perhaps, it is a traveler. It should be noted that he attracts the attention of the beautiful young girl who stands behind him. The photo was taken in nature as in the background the reader can observe rocks and the sea. At the same time, in the foreground, the ajar pack of Camel cigarettes is presented. A camel along with “filters” word is depicted on the pack. In addition, one can read the text of the advertisement that provides the reader with the information of a good taste of cigarettes and claims that Camel is always made of the mixture of Turkish and domestic tobacco. It goes without saying that the company abides the rules concerning the tobacco advertising information indicating that smoking is injurious to the health. The whole picture gives the impression of a successful life. During the culture of consumption, advertising is modified into a means of creating the image and forming the lifestyle, thus, significantly affecting the nature of the cultural ideas of society. However, “the use of subconscious appeals is a comment not only on conditions among sellers” (Fowles par. 7). The main purpose of advertising is the impact on consumers. Precisely speaking, the Camel advertisement influences customers by means of its form, language, product slogan, and other features. It should be noted that the content of concepts of Camel tobacco products is stable and expressed in the elegance, grace, and charm that are considered as a given gift of nature. However, the consumer of that time had an extensive selection of products: he had learned to choose the brand according to his taste and preferences. Nevertheless, “advertisers want to circumvent this shell of consciousness if they can, and latch on to one of the lurching, subconscious drives” (Fowles par. 9). Therefore, advertisers had to create something new and beautiful but at the same time traditional to attract the attention of consumers. Consequently, t
Referring to competition’s nature, the competitive landscape covers multiple aspects, including, the number and size of companies, their weaknesses and strengths, barriers to the market entry and exit, and substitutes’ threats. In the present day, it substantially differs from the traditional competitive environment that relied on large advertising budgets and economies of scale – and it continues to transform due to rapid technological progress. Due to constantly changing conditions, the contemporary competitive mindset is characterized by innovation, integration, flexibility, and speed. It relies on data in business decision-making in order to have competitive advantages and create transparent business processes, adapts to the latest market technologies, and aims to improve the consumer experience. In general, in order to stay competitive, the majority of companies focus on customer-oriented operations to meet people’s demands and strengthen brand awareness and loyalty. There are several drivers of the current competitive landscape, including new business models, consumer protection, price transparency, hypercompetition, and environmental awareness, however, the primary ones are flexibility and technologies. In other words, companies cannot implement only one strategy for stable growth and development and should use all technological advantages to outperform competitors. Thus, those companies that are flexible, apply various approaches, and see opportunities may succeed even in tough economic conditions. For instance, NVIDIA, a multinational technology company that designs graphics processing and chip units for professional markets, gaming, and mobile computing, performs excellently regardless of the COVID-19 recession. The company has taken advantage of a global lockdown and people’s self-isolation focusing on remote computing services and video gaming. For instance, approximately seven million Nintendo gaming consoles with NVIDIA’s chips were sold in the third quarter of 2020 (Fitch, 2020). This case demonstrates that in the current competitive landscape, those companies who may rapidly adapt to any conditions will be able to stay productive and highly demanded. Reference Fitch, A. (2020). Nvidia benefits from sustained pandemic-era remote work, videogaming demand. The Wall Street Journal . Web.
Introduction The developments in the understanding of cervical cancer in the twentieth century, which has led to means to combat a disease that afflicts women and is responsible for a high rate of mortality among women is a remarkable achievement for humanity in its continuous fight against diseases. Such success has come from the unraveling of the etiology of the disease and an understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases on one side and the advances made by science and technology on the other side. The greater awareness of causes and risk factors for cervical cancer has led to more efficient preventive measures being put in place that has led to a decrease in the incidence of the disease more markedly in the developed world. There is an air of expectancy that greater strides would be achieved in the fight against cervical cancer in the prevention, as well as treatment and care for cervical cancer. History of Cervical Cancer Our understanding of cervical cancer along with its primary causative agent the human papillomavirus (HPV) has an intriguing background. Four groups of characters from the actors in this human drama. They are prostitutes,
Information Technology remains the key agent of change in the business world. IT has not only enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of businesses but has also led to the creation of new business models and forms. E-business has emerged due to the impacts of IT on the business sector. The electronic economy has been marked by the emergence of pure virtual organizations and semi-virtual businesses. These organizations are growing at a faster rate compared to the brick and mortar companies in the physical world (Adams, 2003). This study highlights the importance of technology to the business world. The paper also gives attention to the importance of E-business and virtual organizations. Benefits of Information Technology Information Technology is the major tool that has transformed the business world. IT has increased the efficiency and effectiveness of E-business. The technology enables business organizations to improve the accuracy of business operations. Operational errors are easily identified and controlled through effective utilization of IT-enabled devices. Business organizations use technology application tools of business management such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and Supply Chain Management (SCM) to eliminate errors in operations and achieve efficiency. For instance, businesses can use ERP to ensure effective planning and allocation of resources (Collier & Bienstock, 2006). The tool enables businesses to design effective strategies of resource allocation and control processes. ERP integrates all the operations of an organization through effective utilization of the available data. It can be used in project management to identify sources of deviations and ensure proper scheduling of project operations (Barua & Konana, 2001). Enhanced communication is the other advantage of IT to the business world and especially in the field of E-business. Unlike brick and mortar companies that rely on paper for communication, virtual organizations utilize their virtual nature to enhance communication. In this case, the organizations can easily send and receive messages through internet-enabled devices. Elimination of paperwork in E-business also reduces the cost of operation and improves the performance. Information Technology has, therefore, reduced the cost of doing business for many organizations, which exist in the physical and virtual space (Barua & Konana, 2001). Technology has also reduced the initial capital that is needed to start an online business. For example, starting a business in the virtual space only requires an entrepreneur to establish a reliable and effective website. The cost of establishing the website is a one-off investment that is not incurred on repetitive basis. The websites used in the E-business also enable investors to reduce the cost of product promotion (Bapna & Gupta, 2005). Time management is anot
Introduction Can HPWPs be implemented in any organization? This question has continued to confound managers, workers and scholars across the globe especially when they relate it with their organizations. High performance work practice systems (HPWPs) are mechanisms that influence the organizational performance, the design characteristics, individuals and the collective outcome of a given organization. The implementation of the HPWPs can be done in any organization provided the organization’s internal structure, design and practices comply with the procedures of the HPWPs. The procedure of the HPWPs requires that the organization offers two principle roles. First, it is the mandate of the organization to offer motivation to its employees among other opportunities like allowances and awards. Secondly, it is the duty of the organization to enhance the internal social circle of the organization.The organization is charged with the responsibility of determining the social welfare of the employees through proper analysis of their social well being and interests (Szasz, 2007). Examples of organizations that embrace the implementation of the HPWPs include banks like the Swiss bank. HPWPs cannot be implemented in any organization and therefore, one can disagree with the first argument. Most organizations do not employ the procedures of the HPWPs and hence experience failure in their implementation. An example of a company that has experienced failure is the Japanese Construction Company that I work for based in HK. As a human resource manager and administrative assistant, I have realized that during the half year in which I have been working in this firm, the company has been faced with many challenges. First, the company’s staff is in a short term contract with the firm that runs till 2015 and this fact has made the firm to be strict on the utilization of resources on the staff. Secondly, the turnover rates of the company are very high and therefore, the firm tends to develop strategies to reduce these rates by bringing down the expenditure. Thirdly, the staff only works in the company because the latter is stable and hence workers can secure their jobs and enjoy benefits like allowances, leaves and promotions. Hypotheses In determining the relevant practices and benefits to be implemented as per the HPWP’s stipulations, two important hypotheses should be considered. The first hypothesis considers the use of positive tools to improve organizational performance. If a given company agrees to implement HPWPs, then it has to employ this hypothesis. Benefits attached to this hypothesis include better individual and organizational outcomes in form of productivity and growth. My company disagrees with the hypothesis because it cannot meet the demands of the staff because the latter are bound by certain contractual agreements with the company. They employees are expected to abide by the rules and respect the contract of the company. The second hypothesis evaluates the links that exist between HPWPs and organizations. I