ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The creation of any strategic plan should be accompanied by analytical studies, allowing determine in advance the probable results of its application. It is also necessary to determine who benefits from the implementation of this plan. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis, as well as to identify the influence of stakeholders in the organization and outside it. There are many different models to evaluate the effectiveness of an approach. One such example is the SWOT analysis, which allows evaluating the concept under consideration from four points of view. The plan of this complex considers the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the object in question (Gürel & Tat, 2017). This type of analysis is widely used in strategic management, as it allows assessing both internal and external factors. As external variables, threats to the object and the opportunities that may be provided for its implementation are taken into account. Strengths and weaknesses of the plan relate to internal organizational problems (Gürel & Tat, 2017). When considering all four factors simultaneously, one can most likely argue about the competitiveness of the concept. Returning to the topic of drafting a strategic plan for Teach for America, the strengths of the proposed concept should be noted first. They are expanding the organization and creating new branches in distant states. This will help not only accelerate the development of the company but also influence the situation with education in the country. The weak side of the organization is the lack of funding. Teach for America is a nonprofit company; therefore, it relies heavily on third-party financing. The external threat in the form of a lack of sponsors is intertwined with limited funds’ internal problems. Attracting future teachers to charitable activities is also a threat to the implementation of this plan; however, it is insignificant. Besides, one of the strengths of the company, in this case, is the ability to contact the media to increase the general education of the population. For a complete and reliable implementation of the proposed plan, it is possible to utilize the extended IPA SWOT model. According to Phadermrod, Crowder, and Wills, its main difference is the use of Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), which allows quantifying consumer needs using specific tests (2016). Such an analysis will enable highlighting and assigning the highest priority to the most key tasks, which will increase the effectiveness of the implementation. When executing any project, there is always a large number of stakeholders. According to Kumar, Rahman, and Kazmi, the classification of these parties can be carried out on many grounds depending on the unique functional qualities (2016). The paper focuses on external and
The Progressive Era was marked by numerous advances in social, political and business spheres of the American life. The period between 1890s and 1920s was the time when Americans adopted progressive ideas and methods, which had a significant impact on development of the USA. It is possible to single out a number of persons who can be regarded as symbols of the Progressive Era, symbols that contributed into development of particular areas in the US society. For instance, Susan B. Anthony can be seen as a symbol of the movement for women’s rights. She was one of women’s rights leaders and she believed that “the coalition of clergy persons, women, and politicians” could help females gain more rights (Graves 46). Andrew Carnegie was a successful businessman who is also seen as a founder of the steel industry in the USA. Carnegie opened up new horizons in the business world and became a philanthropist who contributed greatly to development of various social projects (Gould 26). Theodore Roosevelt was an inspiring leader and politician who managed to diminish corruption in the political arena and he also contributed greatly to development of the US society as he saw “the executive power as the steward of the public welfare” (Gould 57). John R. Mott was inspirational in another sphere of Americans’ life. He was a spiritual leader who “galvanized worldwide mission, ecumenism, and evangelism” (Pope-Levison 194). Mott was a devout evangelist who managed to unite people and promote Christian values. On balance, it is possible to state that each of the individuals mentioned above had a great effect on development of different spheres of the American society. These people’s activities were aimed at improving welfare of Americans and they managed to reach their goals as they started a new era in the country’s development. Works Cited Gould, Lewis L. America in the Progressive Era, 1890-1914. New York, NY: Routledge, 2014. Print. Graves, Karen. Girl’s Schooling during the
Introduction The success of an organisation is determined by the efforts of leaders and managers to ensure employees follow policies and maximise their productivity. Managers and leaders ensure all employees work together to achieve the success. However, not all managers are good leaders, and organisations should set clear policies on the roles of these two positions. Current paper presents the differences between effective managers and leaders and describes a real leader’s inspiration. Definitions An Effective Leader An effective leader is a person who can influence others and ensure they do something that will benefit all of them. The essence of leaders is to make sure that there are the changes in the way the activities are done in organisations. It means that effective leaders are focused on transforming the mentality of employees to see the need for changes that will improve their work. They lead people and check whether the resources are utilised for the benefit of investors, managers and their subordinates or not. Effective leaders have followers and influence them to achieve special visions. An effective leader may set directions and offer alternative ways of achieving the goals established by managers. Such leaders do not make decisions and impose on their followers; instead, all stakeholders participate in certain activities to be sure that their views are put into consideration. The power of an effective leader is derived from personal charisma, and this means that leadership cannot be transferred through conventional ways like training. Effective leaders appeal to the hearts of their followers and have a passion for motivating other people to change and improve their performance. They take risks because they want to achieve what others have never accomplished. The most successful leaders may break the rules and create conflicts in organisations in order to achieve success. However, they do not focus on the negative effects of these acts. Instead, they use such situations to improve the performance of all employees. This means that effective leaders see the opportunities for change and growth in mistakes; therefore, they do not condemn weak employees. They take the blame and give credit where it is due as their main aim is to seek the right way of improving performance and motivating employees to get satisfaction from their work. An Effective Manager An effective manager is a person who uses the required portion of skills in order to stabilise organisations and check whether their subordinates are able to follow all policies or not. These managers have to set a number of short-term goals that have to be achieved with the help of their investors. Another important thing this type of
Effective inventory management is critical for organizations as it ensures the proper flow of resources and the satisfaction of customers’ needs. Fixed-Order-Interval (FOI) and Fixed-Order-Quantity (FOQ) models are two paradigms that are commonly used due depending on companies’ goals and the peculiarities of their operations (Stevenson, 2014). FOQ is one of the most widely utilized modes, as it can be easily implemented. This system involves the use of the reorder point variable, ensuring that safety stock can be lower as new orders are placed when the quantity of products reaches a fixed level. The disadvantage of this model is associated with rather high ordering and delivery costs since usually small quantities are ordered (Stevenson, 2014). When a large-size order is placed, carrying costs tend to increase. FOI is the system that encompasses placing orders at a fixed interval during a year. The advantage of this method is considerable control over inventory, possible savings in shipping, packaging, and ordering costs as diverse types of products are provided by a single supplier (Stevenson, 2014). The model is the optimal choice when the withdrawal of inventory can hardly be monitored. The size of the order is known, one type of product is delivered, and the price is often fixed because there can be no quantity discounts. The disadvantage of this system is the need for larger safety stock to avoid shortages during the set interval, which is associated with the increase in carrying cost (Stevenson, 2014). Higher safety stock is needed as it can be difficult to predict supply and demand at a specific period, and the replenishment of stocks does not depend on the available quantity of inventory. It is possible to note that the choice of the system often depends on the degree of uncertainty. Reference Stevenson, W. J. (2014). Operations management (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Master storyteller Ernest Hemingway is ranked among the best American literary writers who specialized in writing novels and short stories. Among the latter, ‘Hills like White Elephants’ stands out as one of the most intriguing tales he has ever written. Hemingway wrote ‘Hills like White Elephants’ in the third-person perspective that restricts the tale to the words and actions of the characters. The plot of the tale revolves around the conversation between a man and a woman (Stukas). Hemingway does not reveal the ages of the man and woman. They are lovers. The man is an American who is apparently financially well-off , while the girl’s nationality is not known. The girl is pregnant as a result of their sexual relationship; the couple has traveled to Spain with the aim of having her undergo an abortion. Hemingway informs about Jig and the American without actually informing about them by ensuring an overall brevity in presentation that is exquisitely coupled appropriate adverbs and adjectives; apart from this, he powerfully uses two literary elements: setting and symbolism. The tale covers a very brief time span, yet it succeeds in relating a story that has a much wider scope than itself (Stukas). Hemingway ensures brevity by using short sentences and paragraphs shorn of verbosity. He makes little use of adverbs and adjectives. In addition to descriptive adverbs like ‘angrily,’ he uses ‘perfectly simple’ and ‘perfectly natural’ to describe the operation and ‘afterward’ being the post-abortion period referred to by the man. He uses descriptive adjectives like ‘lovely’ hills, ‘nice and cool’ beer and ‘warm’ wind. He uses descriptive verbs like ‘amused,’ ‘worry,’ ‘happy,’ ‘upset’ and ‘afraid’ to describe the couple’s feelings at various stages of the story. The setting establishes an undercurrent of tension that prevails throughout the story. The conversation between the man and woman takes place while they are at a railway station in Spain (Stukas). The “station was between two lines of rails” (Hemingway) indicate the couple presently embroiled in the throes of a vital decision in their lives that involves two choices that are opposite in nature . The addition of the words: “There was no shade and no trees” (Hemingway) indicate that the pending decision is a drastic one; there is no way out and the couple have to deal with it immediately. The use of symbolism starts soon after the waitress serves two glasses of beer. When Jig looks “far off at the line of hills” and remarks that “they look like white elephants” (Hemingway), she is delightedly foreseeing the birth of her child – somet
Introduction Recent living conditions have resulted in an increase in malnutrition disease. Among the children, obesity is one of health condition that has been caused by the lifestyle that people are continually adopting. Obesity is accumulation of body fat and weight to a point that it can cause danger in the life of human being. In adults, obesity is measured by calculating body mass Index, it compares ones height and weight. There are set limits that define whether a person is obese or not. The situation in children is different. This paper analyzes current issue in life-span development with childhood obesity. Current Statistics According to National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adolescent and School Health, 2008, the rate of children obesity in the past 30 years has tripled. In the 1980’s children of the age 8-11 years preference rate of being obese was at 6.5%, however in the period between 1980 and 2008, the rate had increased to 11.6%. On the other extreme the preference rate of those aged between 11-19 years had reached 18.1% up from 5%. A report by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), between 2007 and 2008 showed that in the world there are approximately 17% children between the ages of 2-19 years who are obese. The statistic showed that America has the largest portion of these obese children. Realizing the dangers associated with the trend, World Health Organization established a task force which was mandated to collect data about the trend and recommend the way forward. The worry was on health implications that obese people have. The report also indicated that about 70% of obese children have a likelihood of being obese in their adult life. In United Kingdom’s 2001 statistics , it had been estimated that about 8.5 per cent of 6 year olds and about 15 per cent of 15 year olds were obese. In 2002 statistics from British Medical Association, showed that 5.5% of boys and 7.5% of girls in United Kingdom were obese. Between 1995 and 2003, the preference of obese children rose from 10% up to 14%. The increase was higher 11-17 years old children when it rose from 11% to 17%. National Health Service has become concerned about the trend and has put measures to reverse the trend, however recent statistics in United Kingdom showed that 25% of boys between the age of two years and the age of nineteen years are overweight or obese. In the US, health officials are of the observation that there are 23
Introduction Mary White Ronaldson’s book A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a classic example of a captivity narrative that exposes how white people who were captured by Indians during the period known as “King Phillip’s War” managed to survive over overwhelming odds. As a rule, works of the Indian captivity narrative genre tell the stories of women who are kidnapped and held captive by American Indians. Book’s features A peculiar feature of works of this type is that the main characters, women, are not treated as they should be: they see numerous deaths of their dearest people, they are deprived of the fulfillment of habitual women’s roles, instead, they are engaged in activities unusual for women. Another feature that characterizes captivity narratives is that they are historically significant perpetuating stereotypes of Indians and settlers and revealing the drastic conflict between these groups. During three months of her capture, Mary Ronaldson was a witness to this conflict. Being forced to live and participate in the hostile society, not once she faced the problem of surviving her cultural identification. Instead of being a mistress of her household, how she became an ordinary captive servant to the natives. The role of a woman undergoes significant changes in society that is new for the author. Ronaldson starts to see women in quite a different light here. She describes native women emphasizing their savages. The Indians as a whole are described as cruel and barbarous people. The author describes when once they went to the house and captured five persons: the father, the mother, and the sucking child were violently killed; the other two were carried alive. When some of them are shot or wounded, others do not help
Data Table. Activity                                                          Time to complete with thumbs  Time to complete without thumbs Writing full name in cursive                                      5 sec                         15 sec                          Taking the top off a soda or water bottle and putting it back on  4 sec                         4 sec                           Turning to page 56 in a book                                      6 sec                         8 sec                           Uniting my shoe, taking it off, putting it back on, and tying it  15 sec                        30 sec                          Unbuttoning and buttoning a button                                3 sec                         5 sec                            1. The experimental question is whether having thumbs helps people with their daily routines more efficiently and, thus, be able to survive in case of emergency.  2. My null hypothesis: having thumbs has no impact on the efficiency and speed of basic everyday activities. The alternative hypothesis is that having thumbs is vital in all procedures and increases their speed.  3. I came up with the hypothesis when thinking about how my life would change if I would not have thumbs. Thus, most activities I could imagine would involve a significant role of thumbs in my daily routine.  4. My primary prediction was to get larger indicators for time spent on each procedure without thumbs than on the ones using thumbs. Moreover, my idea was it would take roughly two times more to perform a certain activity without using thumbs than with thumbs.  5. The control in this experiment is the indication of the time needed to perform each of the listed procedures. Both conditions measured are thus expressed in seconds taken for the activities.  6. The independent variable in the experiment is represented with the list of procedures against which the time for each situation is measured.  7. The dependent variable in the experiment is the two examined conditions – performing activities with thumbs and without thumbs.  8. Thus, it took me three times longer to write my full name without thumbs than using them. This could be explained by the fact that people tend to rely on thumbs more for handwriting. At the same time, taking the top off the soda and putting it back showed the same result for both conditions. Apparently, we do not necessarily need to use our thumbs in some activities such as this one.  9. One error occurred when I opened a book on page 56 and crumpled the book’s pages. Hence, the next time I tried to open it without using my thumbs, I could do it faster than I might have done if the pages were not crumpled. Moreover, it took some time to adjust my handwriting when writing my name in cursive without a thumb. Therefore, I think that if I had practiced at least once before the experiment, the result in the second condition would have been a little faster.
Damage to the River Mekong Basin Mekong is a river that runs across Southeast Asia and is considered as the tenth longest river in the world. It is approximately 4,900 km and covers an area of roughly 795,000 square km. the river runs across several countries, including China, Burma, Laos, and Vietnam. Since the river flows through highly populated areas with intensive agricultural activities and water diversion practices, it has continuously undergone a shift in its hydrology especially when it flows through China. For instance, China is currently embarking on a project in which it will construct dams out of the river, three of which have been completed, while 12 are on different stages. In Thailand, the Pak Mun dam is already complete, and in Cambodia, a reserve has been constructed on the Tonle Sap River, which flows into the Mekong. These dam construction activities have had adverse effects on the hydrology of the river. The lower Mekong River has experienced a reduction in water levels over the years, and this reduction has been attributed to dam construction activities upstream. For instance, the filling of the Manwan reservoir 1n 1992 caused a drastic reduction in the water level in the river (Walling, 2006). An assessment of the river at various stages showed that an interruption of the regular water flow, evidenced by an increase in sediment in Mekong’s bed. Eve though some of these constructions are not undertaken on the main course of the river, the effect is still significant, for instance, studies show that construction on the Lankang River, the Mekong’s main stream, has caused a considerable reduction of water downstream (Lu and Siew, 2006). Dam construction has increased the volume of sediments in the Mekong River. This is because a reduction in the flow of water effectively reduces the amount of water to transport the sediments downstream. Therefore, the sediments settle at the bottom of the river and reduces it depth. Indeed, studies show that areas along the middle and latter points of the Mekong River have ha
Migration is the movement of people from one region to another in search of better social and economic services. It involves the crossing of administrative or political boundaries. Migration mainly results from social and economic developments in a certain region. International migration involves the crossing of international frontiers separating different states. In other words, international migration occurs at the international level. People move from their original home countries or states to other states for various social, political, economic, and economic reasons. The objective of the essay is to explore the major factors that cause international migration flows. Different factors such as economic pressures, social networks and connections between migrant sending and receiving countries, immigrant admissions and immigration control policies, and cultural perceptions held by people in developing countries on immigration and First World immigrant receiving countries have been explored. In addition, the most important factors affecting international migration flows are also explained and justified. One of the major causes of international migration flows is economic pressures. Poor economic growth, coupled with low unemployment rate has historically compelled people to migrate from their countries to other countries with well established market economies. For instance, the fall of former USSR led to the migration of its nationals to neighboring countries which had well established markets. Furthermore, countries in the economic transition period experience high rates of international migrations because of the anticipated economic benefits. Countries with closer social networks and connections have always encouraged international migrations as it strengthens international economic ties. For example, some developed countries have closer ties and agreements with the less developed countries to encourage migration to foster international relationships. Other countries have also established immigrant admissions and immigration control policies to encourage international migration flows. Most Commonwealth countries have already put in place immigrant admission and immigration control polices. For example, Australia encourages migration of skilled employees from Commonwealth countries to be part of the demanding labour market. Majority of the people in developing countries and First World immigrant receiving countries have various cultural perceptions as regards the migration. Most people in developing countries perceive that it is their right to migrate to their immediate colonies for better economic and social welfare. In addition, people have the cultural perception that First World immigrant receiving countries are