Geochemical methods of mineral exploration are based on the premise that diagnostic disturbances in the normal distribution pattern of chemical elements may exist in accessible material in the vicinity of concealed core deposits. Work on Tin-Tungsten deposits was initiated after it was realized that techniques used for magnetite could be adapted to cassiterite and wolframite solubility determinations. According to Taylor, Sn-W deposits are associated with granites or rhyolites derived by partial melting of continental crust and that the tectonic setting is either convergent plate margins or intra-continental rift zones (1979). In addition, Sn and W occur nearly as cassiterite, wolframite represented by the ferberitehuebnerite solid solution series and scheelite. Pyrite-pyrrhotite groups are common, as are chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Each deposit has its own set of mineral assemblages and within a particular deposit assemblages may be distributed in a regular fashion. The most commonly occurring sequence is represented by cassiterite-wolframite-sulphides. However a wide range of tectonic style is unique and not duplicated elsewhere. These deposits have low acid drainage because of their low sulfide mineral content (Cox & Singer 1986, p. 379). However, some tin and tungsten deposits are satiated in sulfide mineral rich zones and may have acid generation potential. Tin may occur together with fluorine and beryllium in some skam deposits. These deposits are hosted by carbonate rocks such as dolomite, limestone, argillite, shale and marble. These rocks are highly calcareous sedimentary rocks or metamorphosed calcareous sedimentary rocks with extensive buffering capacity. Cassiterite in tin skarns is commonly very fine grained. Tin concentrations range from 0.1 to 1 weight percent in deposits that include 10 to 90 million tonnes of ore. Tin also may be contained in silicate minerals, including garnet and hornblende. A range of geochemical signatures have been associated with other rock such as Sn skarns that include Sn, W, F, Be, Zn, Cu, Ag, Li, Rb, Cs, Re, B elements (Pollard et al. 1983, pp. 543-5). Geothermal cycle The use of tin dates back in the 3,500 B.C. and is one of the oldest metals that was used by man. More than 35 countries worldwide mine tin today. However, it is scarcely found in the earths crust and is approximated to be 2ppm compared to 63 ppm of copper elements. Cut and fill stop methods are used at Renison Bell replacement tin deposit. The sulfide rich and sulfide poor minerals are selectively stockpiled on the surface and blended ore is fed into a three stage open crushing circuit that reduces ore from 750mm to 15mm. Ore is processed by flotation to remove sulfide minerals prior to gravity concentration of cassiterite (Morland, 1986). Staged grinding is used to liberate fine-grained cassiterite. Residual sulfide minerals in the gravity concentrate are removed by floatation. Cassiterite concentrates a re leached wit h sulfuric acid to remove siderite, magnetic material is removed using magnetic separators; refined concentrates are then shipped to smelters. Tailings a re combined with lime to adjust pH to 8.5 before being pumped to impoundments. The environment disturbance is asso