ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Generation Xers are the people born after the 1980 and before 2000 They are the generation that enters into leadership position, succeeding their predecessors, the “Baby boomers”. The generation Xers have already entered into the leadership position, especially in the middle level and the some in higher-level of management. Hence, it is important to understand the value system that this generation holds and how this affects their leadership style. Value system of two people from two different age groups – one in twenties and the other in forties – differs greatly. The Generation Xers are more independent, self-sufficient, and self-motivated people as compared to their predecessors, the Baby Boomers, who were assiduous and favored steady work atmosphere. One of the most important aspects of the Generation Xers is their lifestyle, which is significantly different from that of the Baby boomers. Generation Xers, unlike their precursors, are in search of work satisfaction than simply working hard. In order to attain greater satisfaction with their jobs, they often tend to look for better opportunities. For this reason, generation Xers are loyal to their job rather than their company. Further, Generation Xers require a high degree of autonomy in the work they do, and micromanagement is no longer an option for managing this generation of people. Further, they enjoy flexibility in their job and lifestyle and are self-driven; hence, strong leadership is not always a requirement for this generation. This generation is also tech-savvy and is good at adapting to the changing needs of the technology. Further, this generation grew up with technology and information age, hence, are more open to adapt to the ever-changing technological world of today. Generation Xers are the ones who have broken the Maslow hierarchy and tend to strive for efficiency in order to achieve highly at work without sacrificing their quality of life. This is the reason they are often less involved with their jobs. For this generation of people, job satisfaction has more impact than simply promotions. They are also concerned greatly with personal space, where family, leisure, and lifestyle have a great importance. As work life balance is an important element in the value system of the Generation Xers, it is important that the leadership style should be considerate of this aspect. This importance of work life balance arises from their parent’s decision to be immersed in work, which has created a new generation of people who feel quality of life is to be better. Further, the Generation Xers are self-reliant. Though they are open to discussion, they prefer to work alone, without being micromanaged. The present day leadership style should be attuned to this process. Hence, the works are to be done based on deadlines and outcomes rather than micro monitoring of the work and constant vigilance. The new emerging leadership will create team based work environments and will ensure open communication among members. They will encourage independence in work and will not tend to mic
Introduction Female inferiority to male gender is a fact that has been on the minds of women for many years. To date, most women still believe that certain roles in society are men’s responsibility, and they do not bother themselves with such. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the Awakening by Kate Chopin, and the Revolt of Mother by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman are three books whose publication took place at the time when the role of women in the society was almost insignificant. The stories in these publications portray the voices of women as trivial and show that they do not deserve how men handle them. These women take it upon themselves to overcome the culture of discrimination to the level of being in control of certain situations in their lives (Perkins, Perkins 205-6). Women in the 19th Century In the 19th century, women believed that they are bound to listen to their husbands and do whatever is required of them without complaint. In “The Revolt of Mother,” Sarah initially gives in to Adoniram’s initiative to construct a burn at the same place he promised to build a house for her. She does this because she believes that she must respect her husband without protest. She decides to communicate what she feels to her husband, who is not interested in talking about the matter. Sarah then decides to drop the matter because she knows that it is not her place to go against the wishes of her husband. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper, John assumes overall authority over his wife and strongly believes that he understands what is good for her. She, on the other hand, goes ahead to respect the wishes of her husband. More about The Yellow Wallpaper Who Is the Narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 70 Which Excerpt from The Yellow Wallpaper Contradicts the Narrator’s Belief that She Is Improving? 5 160 Why Was the Yellow Wallpaper Written? 5 92 The Yellow Wallpaper: Author’s Intention 5 303 What Is the Significance of the Narrative Form in The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 82 What Role Does the Wallpaper Woman Play in the Story? 5 101 He knows that the decisions he is making are right and does not give thought to her opinion. This inferiority complex portrayed in Kate Chopin’s “The Awakening.” Even though Edna had desires of her own, she initially did not give much thought to leaving her comfortable life with her caring family to explore them. These wives explored the need to be independent, control their desires, and express their opinion without fear. These three stories bring out the new strength that the women in the 19thcentury found in themselves to break away from oppression and speak their voice. In “The Awakening,” Edna finds liberati
A home network is a small local area network that enables communication among two or more computing devices within a limited area of a home. This type of computer network can be used to share files and software between two computers or computer-related devices, such as printers, scanners, smartphones, or digital cameras. Besides, a home network can be established to facilitate the sharing of Internet access among multiple computers and mobile devices in a home and manage the security settings of all devices. Home networks may be either wired (if connections are made with cables) or wireless (if connections are set using Wi-Fi). Due to its relatively easy installation and convenience, a wireless connection is a more preferred option. However, it is worth mentioning that wired networks are usually faster and more reliable than wireless ones. Typical elements of a home network are a modem, a router, a network switch, and a network bridge. A modem is a hardware device that creates and maintains a dedicated connection to one’s Internet service provider. Since a computer and the Internet have different types of signals, a modem demodulates the analog signals coming from the Internet and transforms them into digital ones so that a computer can understand them. Apart from that, this device also demodulates digital signals coming from a computer into their analog equivalents, which go to the Internet. Features that the majority of cable modems share are high-speed access to the Internet, reliability, Network Address Translation, and a DHCP server. A router passes the Internet connection to all the devices in a home so they can have access to the Internet and share the home’s signal WAN address. This device may function as a wireless access point so that wireless devices can connect to the Internet (White, 2016). One does not need a router if they want to connect only one device to the Internet. Basic features of a router include a built-in switch with multiple LAN ports and an integrated wireless access point. One may note that some routers have a built-in modem. A network switch is a central communication device in a home network. It can be connected to a router in order to gain more Ethernet ports. Thus, a switch is used when a router does not have enough ports to connect all the computer-related devices within a network or when a device requires a non-standard port. Common features of a network switch are the possibility to change configuration (managed and unmanaged switches), pluggable modules, and the option to control who has access to the network. A network bridge is used for interconnecting two or more
The New York Times vs. Sullivan case was a landmark ruling from the United States (US) Supreme Court which defined the standards to be met before an individual claims defamation or libel from a media house (Anthony 3). In this regard, it allowed for the reporting of civil rights campaigns in America, or in general terms, the freedom of expression for the media. The derived standards defined defamation cases as evident where a media entity perpetrates false information knowingly or if it can be affirmed that factual information was played around with to perpetrate falsehoods against a public official (Anthony 3). Events that led to the hearing of the New York times vs. Sullivan case saw the piling of court cases amounting to million of dollars where individuals sued the press for libel. Due to this situation, the press at the time was exercising a lot of caution in reporting sensitive stories relating to individual entities (Anthony 4). However, when the New York Times prevailed in the case, many media houses restored their confidence in reporting civil rights campaigns at the South. This conclusion was reached after the New York Times mounted a good defense against Sullivan; claiming that organizations and individuals were out to curtail media freedom as they upheld illegal activities while supporting segregation of the people (Hensley 168). This study therefore notes that the New York Times made a huge leap in advocating for freedom of speech for the press through its triumph in the Sullivan case. Background on the Case The New York Times case was preceded by actions by the newspaper agency to publish a full-page story in support of Martin Luther King Junior who was facing indictment in the state of Alabama. The article was titled “Heed their Rising Voices” and highlighted the plight of civil right protestors in the hands of law enforcement officers in Alabama and Montgomery (Lamoureux 191). Though the article refrained from naming individuals, it was alleged that the New York Times defamed the Alabama law enforcement agency by wrongly criticizing its actions. However, the Alabama law denied a public officer from being rewarded damages arising from libel (from the publication of the report) and instead demanded that an officer should make a public claim against New York Times if he/she was to be compensated (Lamoureux 191). This guideline prompted S. L. Sullivan to sue New York Times for libel. Instead of retracting, the New York Times (cited in Burnett) responded by stating: “we … are somewhat puzzled as to how you think the statements in any way reflect on you,” and “you might, if you desire, let us know in what respect you claim that the statements in the advertisement reflect on you” (116). Instead of responding to the newspaper agency, Sullivan went ahead with his suit and even included four African American ministers in the case as part of the conspirac
Introduction The research paper focuses on change and innovation in organisations. It shows the relevance of managing changes and promoting innovation in companies. Change management and subsequent survival for organisations are important in the 21 st century where competition and globalisation have become the defining terms for success (Amagoh 2008). Therefore, in such a dynamic business environment, change has become the most relevant factor in modern business practices to assist firms to achieve their strategic goals and objectives on a long-term basis (Appelbaum, St-Pierre, & Glavas 1998). Organisational leadership should manage change effectively. Change management, however, is not simple and in fact, many change initiatives tend to fail because of poor management. A nexus can be drawn between innovation and change in organisations. Innovation may imply change, and firms that tend to be innovative are good at successfully managing their change processes. Organisational change may emanate from various sources, but with regard to innovation, the major sources of change are further disruptive innovation. It can also be incremental innovation, which drives change in an organisation. Changes can only be realised once they are implemented and therefore organisational stakeholders will opt to adopt them. This may apply to small, incremental innovation and changes. However, disruptive innovation and change have widespread impacts both within and outside an organisation. Thus, such changes and innovation could cause conflicts and may require careful planning and implementation. Change can come gradually or rapidly. However, they often present critical challenges to organisations in terms of management. Change and innovative processes involve several stakeholders who may agree or not agree on certain issues and therefore effective communication is necessary to enhance implementation and adaptation to change processes. On this note, organisational change management and innovative capabilities depend on the ability or quality of its leadership. Leaders must play crucial roles in promoting change and innovation in their organisations. Without effective leadership, change and innovation rarely succeed, and Appelbaum, St-Pierre, and Glavas (1998) assert that the “largest barrier to “change” is not changes to technologies and work processes but changes involving people” (p. 289). Change and Innovation Change and innovation are important in organisations because they can use such opportunities to create and maintain competitive edge over others. Innovation involves using creative processes in order to produce tangible outcomes with potential values and realise the outcome of innovation through a leadership framework that provides opportunities for people to be innovative. Still, others view innovation as a process
Introduction With literature becoming a prerequisite course in the vast majority of colleges in the US now, a college survey course gains more and more popularity, providing a general overview of the most valuable pieces of writing. Regardless of the student’s prior background in literature, this class aims at re-imagining and re-inventing their knowledge on a variety of topics, serving as a transformative experience as scholars pursue their higher education. “Impressions of an Indian Childhood” is an adequate short story, connecting students’ current perception of Native Americans with ever-evolving literary traditions. Apart from personal observations, the text does not require any previous exposure to the theme, fitting effectively in the American literary canon of a college survey course of American writers. Belongs to the Works of American Writers Bonnin, also known by her penname Zitkala-Sa, falls into the category of American writers. Born and raised in South Dakota in the family of Native Americans, she experienced the struggles of cultural identity, trying to fit in the majority culture of white people (Bonnin 1794). With the college survey literature course looking at the transformative pieces of writing, it is critical to consider the author’s professional path. Her works appear credible not only because they are based on the autobiography, but also due to the vast involvement of Bonnin in the Native American culture in all its dimensions. A writer, editor, political and civil activist, the woman forever changed the overall understanding of Native Americans on the national level, lobbying for her people’s right for US citizenship and serving as the council’s president. Based on an Autobiographical Story Instead of relying on the students’ prior exposure to literary themes, Zitkala-Sa puts an emphasis on the relatability of the readers. In her collection of the stories, she recalls the hardships encountered by Native Americans in the missionary and manual labor schools (Bonnin 1798). Vivid details from her childhood manifested through the contrast of her early life in the Yankton Indian Reservation, studying at White’s Manual Labor Institute, and later at Earlham College resonate well with the target audience in the literary class. Through childhood stories, essays, and allegorical fiction, the author offers a unique view of the Native American society from an insider perspective. Contributes to a Better Understanding of the American History With little stories of Native Americans focused on the children’s perspective, Bonnin incorporates her real-life experiences in writing, contributing to a better understanding of American history. As a college survey course of literature attempts to discover the cause/effect relationships between texts, historical context, and writer’s interpretation, th
Introduction The proponents of Liberalization and globalization claim that globalization has opened up newer vistas of trade and business all around the globe. It is said that opening up of economies has now tilted the balance in favor of market forces, which is helping the consumer by way of providing quality at reasonable prices. Now the global policies together with domestic policies determine which way the domestic economy should move. No doubt this has brought newer opportunities, particularly for the developing world. some of the key benefits are; transfer of technologies from developed to developing world, increased capital flows, promises of improved productivity, better GDP figures etc. Defining globalization from the international finance point of view, Walker and Fox (1999) cite the ‘the global integration of the financial markets’ as an important contribution of globalization. But the flip side is – now the market forces have started dictating the terms. As a result of globalization market forces have started the policies with the role of respective governments becoming limited in determining the nature of imports and exports. It is now the Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) who are effectively dictating the policies to the governments. With globalization, MNCs began to explore the markets outside their domestic grounds. In
Hip hop dance is a term used in reference to a choreographed dance and social styles mainly danced in response to hip-hop music. Alternatively, it is also used in reference to a genre of music that has over the years evolved to constitute the hip-hop culture. Accordingly, hip hop dance entails diverse styles mainly locking, breaking, and popping. These dancing styles emerged and gained prominence during the 1970s (Freeman para. 5) and were affiliated with Latino Americans and Blacks. By and large, hip hop culture has been associated by many to a low urban class status which have been linked with numerous vices in the community at large. Nevertheless, this music genre has been extraordinarily a source of solace to those who embrace and practice it. From my perspective the negative attitude directed towards this conspicuous culture is an attribute of shallow knowledge about this wide spread culture. Thus this paper seeks to explore this culture with emphasize on the hip hop dancing. Whereas hip hop has gained popularity over the years since its inceptions, on the other hand, an increasingly larger number of critics have sought to voice their concern on how this genre of music has thus far been too commodified. Hip hop stemmed from an urban community of the south Bronx suburb in the city of New York and spread all across the globe. Financial constrains could not deter the spirit and creativity of the black communities residing in the ghettos. These black neighborhoods would regularly hold block parties, and dancers would take to the available space to dance to their favorite funk beat. Sooner than later, these block parties transformed into groups contest in which individual dancers would form alliance amongst themselves, for instance the famous Dynamite Rockers and the Zulu Kings, and began to battle one another with their imaginative vertical moves denoted up-rocking and down-rocking. These moves entailed dropping to the base of the dancing floor and intertwine their feet against their hand. Simultaneously, dancers in California state begun ‘locking’ and ‘pocking’ the Electric Boogaloos on Soul Train [TV show] emulating their jerky robotic moves. Noteworthy, this TV show greatly influenced the then young Michael Jackson, King of pop (Freeman para. 3). Subsequently, further acrobatic moves were innovated by groups of dancers such as the famous Crazy Legs. These acrobatic muscle moves include; the suicide, the turtle, wind mill and flares, headspins as well as backspins. The suicide move s
Introduction Project Overview This project charter discusses the development of a project to generate electricity. The electricity will be harnessed from the wastes generated by the sugar cane after the milling and extraction of the sugar juice. These wastes are combusted and used to generate electricity. The main element of the project includes project planning, inception, execution, completion and commissioning of the project (American National Standards, 2004; Project Management Institute, 2013). This work entails the development of a project charter for this project. Project Purpose The purpose of this project is to provide pertinent details with regard to the installation of power plants that utilize sugarcane wastes to generate electricity. The plant is being set up so as to minimize wastes generated by the sugar mills (Morris, 2010). Scope Statement In this project, a 200 MW power generation plant will be installed at the sugar company. The plant will be operated using waste sugarcane. The project will be installed in the sugar processing plants. All the details of the project are summarized in this project charter and will not be altered without prior information and consent for all the stakeholders (Burke, 2010). Project Objectives and goals The main project objective is the development and installation of a power plant that uses sugarcane wastes for generations of electricity. The specific objectives for this project are:   * To carry out a feasibility study on the use of sugar mill wastes for power generation. This will entail evaluations on the possibilities of generating electricity using these wastes as well as quantification of the amount of energy that can be generated by the plant. The feasibility study will also identify the equipment to be used for this project   * To develop a project charter and project management plan detailing all the requirements for the project, their timelines and costs.   * To execute the project within the specified time and financial constrains. The execution of the project will entail the installation, testing and commissioning of all the equipments. Project Stakeholders The project stakeholder is a list of all the people that are involved in the project as well as those affected by the project (Maylor, 2001). They include both external and internal stakeholders (Morris, 2010). The main project stakeholders for this project include:   * Project manager –He is in charge of the project   * Project team members-they are in charge in implementation of the project   * Sugar mill management- they are the project sponsors and will provide all the financial support   * Employee- these are the employees of the sugar mill   * Transmission Company – will distribute the electricity   * Local residents – they reside in the area where the plant will be installed, they are affected by the project Project Deliverables Project deliverables can be regarded as the outputs of the project. For this project, the main deliverables include:   * Co