ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the last lesson plans done this semester focused on the social science topic of population diversity. In brief, the planned lesson was designed to provide the child with a holistic picture of a cross-section of society that recognizes the sociocultural and ethnic diversity of the American population. To reinforce the academic results, an excellent strategy is to continue the topic of this lesson, but in a field trip setting. This presentation consistently describes the strategic planning for the field trip, which aims to continue to introduce young students to the concept of diversity and complexity in society. Class settings The superstructure of the learning scenario involves a collective field trip of students, together with the teacher and assistants (if necessary), to a local public park for a joint thirty-minute activity. In fact, the proposed scenario repeats the basics of the methodological study, the way of implementation of which is observation. Thus, the lesson is not only an entertaining pastime that strengthens the bond between student and teacher but also an initial demonstration of excellent academic skills. So, this field trip aims to build a child’s learning skills of observation as a form of social experiment and the creation of primary conclusions. More specifically, each child receives a piece of paper with prescribed categories of people: elderly, disabled, healthy adult, White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and others. The student’s task is to mark on their report card the number of people who have passed them in the park in a given amount of time. For example, if only three older people, one of whom was dark-skinned, passed by the student during the half-hour, then the child would end up with “3” in the older category and “1” in the Black category. Standards used   * CA.K.4. — Learning and Working Now and Long Ago: Students compare and contrast the locations of people, places, and environments and describe their characteristics.   * CA.4.a. — Observe common objects by using the five senses.   * CA.NS.1.0. — Students understand the relationship between numbers and quantities   * CA.NS.1.2. — Count, recognize, represent, name, and order a number of objects (up to 30). The essential standards that formed the basis for this lesson are displayed above. A few words about each standard are necessary to justify their selection. The first standard states that the early learner is able to discriminate and identify people’s cultural backgrounds (CSS for Social Studies, n.d.). This means that by a given age, the student will be able to tell which sociocultural group the person passing by belongs to. The second California state standard describes the need for an early school-age student to use their own five senses, including sight, to di
The primary sources and uses of the U.S. national government’s revenues The main sources of the U.S.’s national government revenues are payroll taxes and individual income taxes; another source is the corporate income tax. In 2010, for instance, they accounted for 40%, 42%, and 9% of federal tax revenue, respectively. 1 Other sources include “excise taxes, estate and gift taxes, customs duties, and miscellaneous receipts” 2 . Noteworthy, the U.S. uses the progressive tax system on the whole. 3 , 4 The national government of the U.S. uses a large part of its money to cover mandatory spending, e.g., to pay for expenses dictated by-laws (in 2010, 55% of government spending was mandatory) 5 . There are a number of activities that are approved by the Congress every year and covered by the budget 6 ; these activities include defense, federal courts, road construction, etc. Another significant part of the budget is used to cover these activities, for the so-called discretionary purposes. In 2010, discretionary expenses comprised 39% of federal spending. 7 The rest of the budget is used to return national debts or interests. The process by which appropriations are made The U.S. Congress annually prepares a number of appropriations bills; they are written, passed, and given to the President to be signed. 8 There exist 12 U.S. House Committees on Appropriations, and 12 respective U.S. Senate Committees on Appropriations. Each of them is required to pass one regular appropriation bill each year; all of them must be passed before the next fiscal year starts (by October 1). If an appropriation bill is not passed by that time, Congress can pass a continuing resolution, which, in fact, extends the duration of the respective effective appropriation bill for the next fiscal year. Also, supplemental appropriation bills may be passed; they provide additional funding that exceeds the funding originally appropriated for a purpose before the fiscal year started. These bills provide additional money to fund various unexpected expenses, such as emergency management. What tax expenditures are Tax expenditures are “revenue losses attributable to tax provisions that often result from the use of the tax system to promote social g
Introduction In e-government projects, the requirements postulated in the project planning and design are often different from the reality faced during project implementation which creates gaps between the requirements of the project and the reality of implementation of public projects. The design-reality gap analysis compares the project design requirements with the actual situation just before implementation along seven different ITPOMSO dimensions, rated on a scale of zero to ten. This comparison helps to identify the factors underlying the project failure as larger design-reality gaps increase the likelihood of project failure during its implementation. The design-reality analysis involves the evaluation of each dimension with respect to the prevailing organizational reality just prior to implementation. In addition, it looks into the requirements and assumptions of the e-government design implementation like in the case study involving a single personnel information system. In this particular case study, the large gap scores of the dimension increased the likelihood of e-government project failure. Causes of E-Government Failure Large design-reality gaps existed in ‘A single personnel information system for Southern Africa government’ case study (Design- Reality Gap Case No. 4, 2003). The evaluation of ITOPOMSO seven dimensions showed a disparity between the organizational reality prior to implementation and the requirements/assumptions of the design thus helping to determine the major causes that contributed to project failure. In this particular case study, the gaps that existed between the design assumptions and the current realities were large contributing to the project failure. In considering the information dimension, information, the gap score was seven out of possible 10. This indicates that the information requirements of the e-government design were slightly different from the multi-storage system previously used. The design assumed a single strategic storage system that would serve all government ministries. However, in reality, the information was decentralized to each department during implementation. In addition, contrary the design assumption that the system should be able to provide a complete and accurate personal data, most of the personal information obtained from the system was insufficient and not entirely accurate. This generated a gap score of seven indicating a slight variation in the information used in reality from the information requirements of the e-government design. The technology used during the implementation was also different from the re
Issues Microsoft depends on the sale of computer hardware by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) for the sale of its software products. However, the dominance of PCs in the market is waning slowly. Mobile electronic devices are the technological devices of the future. These mobile devices include smartphones, tablet computers, and entertainment devices. Microsoft has been unable to capture this market. Google and Apple are some of the companies that are dominant in this market. Microsoft attempted to launch a smartphone to capture this market. However, the launch was unsuccessful. Development of various technological products threatens to lead to the obsolescence of Microsoft’s products. Cloud computing is one of the technological developments. Developments in cloud computing would pose a serious threat to the company since it sells its software products in a ‘box.’ This necessitates the company to undertake huge investments in cloud computing. This would enable the company to exert its influence in this technology at its early stage of development. The huge size of Microsoft makes it difficult for the company to make decisions quickly. This reduces its competitiveness. The ability to make quick decisions enables companies in the industry to launch new products quickly. SWOT Analysis Strengths   * Microsoft has a strong brand name.   * The company has good financial performance.   * Microsoft software applications dominate the market. Weaknesses   * The large size of the company increases its bureaucracy.   * The company is unable to attract talented employees. Opportunities   * Venturing into emerging markets would increase profitability of the company.   * Acquisitions would increase the competitiveness of the company.   * Collaborations with companies that manufacture smartphones would increase the competitiveness of the company. Threats   * There is stiff competition in the smartphone market.   * There is a significant reduction in the sale of PCs. EFE Matrix Microsoft has a rating of 3.7 from the EFE matrix. This value is significantly lower than industry average. In ability to attract talented employees is one of the major problems that the company faces. In addition, stiff competition in the smartphone market poses a serious threat to Microsoft. Alternative Courses of Action The technology industry is poised for a new revolution. The revolution favors the development of mobile devices. The internet would be one of the major means that companies would use to offer various products. It is a fact that Microsoft lags behind in the development of various products that respond to the current needs of the market. Therefore, the company should use its financial muscle to force its way into the market. Vertical integration is one of the methods that the company may use to force its way into the market. The company should acquire smaller companies that offer cloud computing and online security services. During the
Patti Smith grew up in a poor family but her parents showed her the parental love that children deserve. Despite the fact that she dropped out of college, her knowledge for symbolic poetry was admirable. She spent most of her youthful years trying to discover herself. She dreamt of becoming a star as opposed to an artist and worked hard to first become a muse before following her dream of being an artist. Smith had no ego and this made her to dedicate her time and energy in ensuring that the people she interacted with succeeded in whatever they did (Seattlepi 6). She became widely recognized in the 70s due to her ability to merge rock music and poetry. Her album entitled Horses was rated as one of the best albums ever released in the world of music. Her first show of the drawings she made was in 1973 at Gotham book Mart. Since 1978, Robert Miller Gallery represented her works. In 2008, the Foundation Cartier Pour located in Paris exhibited some of her photographs, drawings and installations. In 2005, she was given the Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres, which is a famous title by the ministry of culture in France, a prestigious honor to be accorded an artist by the French government. In addition, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame took her as one of its members in 2007. Smith got married to her late husband Fred smith in 1980 and had two children. She currently lives in New York where she is involved in different things including performing, writing and engaging in visual art (White 5). The book ‘Just kids’ by Smith is a well written book that talks about her youthful days with Robert Mapplethorpe, whom she describes as an artist of her life. It is a combination of a memoir and an elegy shedding light on the interesting way of life in the New York City in the late 60s and 70s. The book also presents the lives of two artists characterized by unique sensibilities. Patti and Robert grew up in families that upheld strict religious doctrines but the church encounters affected them differently. The church experiences for Patti worked to give her a better understanding of her work and a starting point since she could pray the way she wanted. Robert on the other hand could not find peace in the religion which partially contributed towards his secret sexuality. Robert became Patti’s reliable friend for a short duration of time. He gave Patti creative encouragement and though he might not have been the person Patti had chosen, he remained a soul mate to Patti. Patti went through a difficult life when she first landed in New York City as a naïve girl from the suburbs. She had no money and experienced firsthand how her friends were destroyed by drugs. The musical stars who continued losing their lives in the 60s and the appearance of gay figures were some of the experiences that Patti went through every day. She was oblivious of the sexuality of Robert who was among the people who were ready to do anything in order to achieve the star status (Patti, 86). For most young artists, there were places and particular periods of time that remained signi
Stakeholders: Definition Seeing that the study is aimed at researching the opportunities for improving palliative care for adult cancer patients, palliative care nurses should be viewed as the key stakeholders. Particularly, the identified population will benefit extensively from the efforts of the study participants that will help them control the patients’ response to painful experiences. Furthermore, the nursing staff, in general, can be viewed as essential stakeholders of the research. Nurse practitioners, physicians, therapists, labor unions, etc., can be deemed as the stakeholders since the outcomes of the study affect them directly, too. Stakeholders’ Roles in the Organization When considering the role of the said stakeholders in the organization, one must mention the fact that the nursing g staff in question performs a variety of roles, from administrative to providing care and guidance to educating patients about their disorders. Therefore, the stakeholders’ roles are numerous and essential to the general level of patient outcomes in the context of the hospital. Converting People to Champions High level of commitment and accountability are the qualities that define champions in research (Spalding, Stikes, Sparks, Myers, & Logsdon, 2016). Therefore, to compel the participants of the study to become champions, one should foster qualities such as responsibility in the target audience. As soon as the research participants develop the necessary skills, one should promote them to champions by providing them with additional accountability. Thus, the sense of involvement together with the concept of responsibility will have to be encouraged among the target population. Consequently, the identified participants will become the champions that will help move the study forward, therefore, helping it become a success. Potential Barriers It should be noted, though, that some limitations may pose a threat to the success of the study. The potent
This essay reviews the movie, My Sister’s Keeper , focusing on some of the ethical and legal issues which arise. To achieve this objective, a summary of the movie has been given detailing important scenes and events which augment the understanding of emerging ethical and legal issues. Summary and analysis My Sister’s Keeper movie commences with a narration given by Anna Fitzgerald as she explains the experiences between conception and delivery. According to Anna, life occurs through coincidences on earth. However, Anna is not a coincidence but a product of test tube cultivation carried out by her parents with an aim of saving Kate, her sister who is diagnosed with promyelocytic leukemia at an early age (Honeycutt, 2009). This compelled her parents to conceive a second baby who was to have identical genetic make-up in order to use the harvested umbilical cord tissues at birth for the treatment of cancer. It is however important to note that the idea was suggested to Kate’s parents, Sara and Brian by Dr. Wayne who was the family oncologist. This exposition is followed by a scene where Anna and her brother Jesse are on their way to a pawnshop with Anna carrying an ornament that is believed to be her mother’s property. She affirms that the locket had not been worn yet it was to be pawned off (Honeycutt, 2009). Anna has an accumulated amount of seven hundred dollars, arising from her personal savings and the sale of the locket to a pawnshop. She decides to take the money to Campbell Alexander, a local hotshot attorney, who has a service dog. After a thorough session of interrogation, Alexander discovers Anna’s serious commitment towards medical emancipation from her parents who had conceived her for the sole purpose of saving her sister from leukemia (Scott, 2009). The family joins Kate in her room with fun as Sara receives a court order. From these events, it is revealed that Sara had suffered emotional imbalance upon Kate’s leukemia diagnosis. In an attempt to give a hand to her daughter, Sara had resigned as an attorney to find time and look after Kate. When Anna refuses to leave her room because of her perceived negative image, Sara shaves her own hair in order to convince her daughter. This scene leads the family to a boardwalk where they spend time taking photos. From the interactions between Anna and Kate, one would assume that their relationship was smooth and positive. It is revealed that Anna is not willing to donate her kidney to her dying sister. Due to the movement limitations caused by the illness, Kate has not been to any other place apart from Montana (Scott, 2009). This makes her talk about it continuously. She also believes that this was the most beautiful sight on the face of the earth. Through a family flashback, Sara is seen imagining how cancer was to affect her daughter, they visit their oncologist and she declares late at night while with her husband in bed that she was ready to sacrifice everything to have her daughter’s health normalized. It is therefore clear t
Grief is one of the most complicated processes which is to be combated. Some people are able to cope with grief individually, others need assistance. There are even cases when people need professional help to cope with grief. However, no matter whether people need professional assistance or they are able to cope with the issue individually. enial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance are the main stages of overcoming grief, according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross & David Kessler (2005). At the first stage which usually occurs right after the disaster appears people start denying the situation. Many people cannot believe that such an accident could happen to them. The denial is substituted with anger. People start convincing everyone in their pain, their anger becomes too big as they cannot still understand why it has happened to them. After anger bargaining comes when people are able to promise everything to return the lost ones. Depression is the sign of the future recovery as if a person is in depression he/she begins to realize that the loss is real and that nothing can be changed. After depression and acceptance come, a person does not only understand the loss but also accepts it and continues living further (Kübler-Ross & Kessler, 2005). Kübler-Ross and Kessler (2005) stated that these five stages are the most common, however, some people may skip one or two stages or mix them experiencing the stages in a different order. Reading the bible and especially the Book of Job, it is possible to follow how this person overcomes grief. Being very devoted to God and having skipped many stages discussed by Kübler-Ross and Kessler (2005), Job appears at depression for several days without having a desire to speak to anyone. After the depression, Job shifts to the anger stage, however, this anger is not on God, this anger is directed as personal self as Job understands that human actions are based on what they have done and if God has allowed the loss to happen it was a necessity and God is not guilty in it. Then, anger is substituted with understanding and acceptance of the loss. The grieving process in Buddhism has another nature and the stages differ. Grieving in Buddhism people feel numbness and denial. Then, like in Christianity, anger comes. Further, a person experiencing great sorrow for those who he/she has lost. Depression is the next stage in the grieving process. Then, a person feels despair as he/she is unable to change anything. Furthermore, confusion comes as one is unable to understand what he/she is to do and what is going to come next. Acceptance is the final stage that comes (Wada, K., & Park, J. (2009). Trying to consider other methods of overcoming grief and applying those to real-world situations, the following issues should be considered. Buglass (2010) has conducted research with the purpose to understand which model of grievi
Introduction Absorption spectroscopy is a powerful research tool that allows one to evaluate the molecular structure of a substance or mixture of substances by post hoc measurement of their vibrational dynamics when exposed to electromagnetic radiation. As a rule, ultraviolet radiation (from 10 nm to 400 nm) is used to study organic molecules, the use of which at wavelengths greater than 180 nm is appropriate for the identification of chromophores 2 . With this radiation, the relatively low-cost electron transition is noticeable, reflected in the appearance of characteristic peaks in the spectrogram. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), C 9 H 8 O 4 , used in this laboratory work, has a cyclic aromatic structure, which means that several output peaks characterize it. From this data, it is possible to calculate the analyte’s unknown concentration using the formula expression of the Beer-Lambert law: Equations 1 and 2. To find the concentration of an unknown substance, the principle of constructing a calibration curve was used to estimate the desired value. This point was the basic idea for performing this study, in which acetylsalicylic acid, which is the main component of analgesics, was actively hydrolyzed to salicylic acid: the reaction is shown in Figure 1. Thus, the purpose of this laboratory work was to identify the concentration of acetylsalicylic acid in Aspirin tablets using concentrations of substances of known compositions. Figure 1. Hydrolysis reaction of acetylsalicylic acid to salicylic and acetic acids. Experimental Reagents   * sodium hydroxide, NaOH, high purity   * salicylic acid, C 7 H 6 O 3 , high purity   * five Bayer aspirin tablets, high purity (×3) Solutions   * sodium hydroxide, 0.49 M . 9.9880 g of sodium hydroxide substance was weighed by the difference method on a scale; then dissolved in 400 mL of distilled water and thoroughly mixed. The resulting solution was placed in a 500 mL flask for storage and later use.   * stock salicylic acid, 3.57×10 -3 M . Salicylic acid weighing 0.1234 g was dissolved successively in 25 mL of 0.50 M sodium hydroxide solution and 25 mL of distilled water. Subsequently, this solution was moved to a 250 mL flask for storage and dissolved in the amount of water to the mark on the container. Instrumentation   * Perkin Elmer Lambda35 double beam spectrophotometer Procedure This laboratory work was performed as described in the Instrumental Methods of Analysis Chem 447 Winter 2020 manual experiment titled Quantitative Analysis of Aspirin Tablets by Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrophotometry written by Judith Bazzi. Five analytically clea