ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Increasing the Canadian minimum wage involves many issues. The research focuses on the necessity to increase the Canadian minimum wage. The research focuses on the advantages of increasing the minimum wage law. The current economic crisis has forced many companies to reduce operating expenses, including wage increases. Body Wage Increase Should not be Implemented The minimum wage should not be increased. First, increasing the Canadian employees’ daily minimum wage per se may be disastrous to the Canadian community, the Canadian company, and especially the Canadian employees affected by the salary increase. The many Canadian companies will not be able to profitably implement the new round of minimum salary increases. Increasing the salaries will entail the reduction of the company’s profits. The increase in salaries will translate to an increase in the total administrative expenses. The increase in the per day take home pay of the employee equates to an increase in the company’s marketing expenses. The increase in the Canadian employees’ wage rates will trigger an increase in the Canadian company’s interest expense. Interest expense is the amount paid for borrowing additional funds to pay for the increase in the employees’ minimum. The United States economic depression currently affects the Canadian business environment. Many companies in the United States have closed shop because of the economic depression. Stephen Slavin [1] emphasized. The economic depression is characterised by the increase in the prices of basic goods and services. In turn, the increase in the prices of goods and services will result to the decrease in the company’s profits. The continuing economic depression dragged many United States companies into the quagmire of unprofitability. Consequently, the United States companies were forced to file for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy state of many companies drove many of the American employees into the unemployment lines. Many Canadian companies export their finished products into the United States. The current United States economic depression translates to a decline in the American people’s demand for the Canadian goods and services. A decline in the demand for Canadian goods and services would create an unfavorable timing for the Canadian employees’ salary increase. Increasing the employee’s minimum take home pay will force many organisations to lessen the hiring of new workers. The increase in the salaries of the Canadian workers will force management to reduce some of its avoidable expenses.
Introduction Culture is an important element of every nation and ethnicity. Gezon and Kottak claim that the definition of culture is complex and includes such aspects as “knowledge, belief, arts, morals law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits” (18). The United States of America has a specific cultural organization and other aspects. This essay discusses the main elements of the United States’ culture organization. Main text America is a country of immigrants. According to the Office of Immigration Statistics, the number of immigrants was always significant (United States 10). The amount of immigrants, who are obtaining a permanent lawful permanent resident status, is increasing by one million every year (the United States 10). Consequently, diverse and completely dissimilar ethnical groups influence cultural values, customs, and beliefs (Gezon 18). This fact explains diversity and variety in religion, languages, typical American meals, and other aspects of American culture. Immigrants make American culture interesting and original compared to other cultures of other nations. Another important element of every culture is religion. The United States as a multicultural society has a variety of world religions presented on its territory. Asian immigrants brought religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism to American culture, and now these and other world religions are considered as an important part of American culture (Mulholland 362). In terms of the influence of the other’s countries’ cuisines on the American culture, it can be said that today’s take-away food can be presented not only by regular fast food but also by French, Italian, Indian, and Asian dishes (Liberman 11). Indian and Asian dishes are gaining popularity since a majority of the immigrants come from Asia (United States 10). American literature is an important element not only of American culture but also of the world’s heritage. Some American novels are rather historical and reflect the beliefs and attitudes of people who lived in the past (Gray 232). This fact makes American literature one of the most important elements of American culture organization. Even though American culture is highly international, it still has its folklore and history. Christopher Columbus is a key figure of American culture. Columbus helped to transform the deserted land of Native Americans into “a civilized world” (Maffei 3). Columbus changed the flow of American history and brought its importance to the national level (Maffei 3). Moreover, apart from Columbus, there are many stories composed by Native Americans, which are also considered as an important part of American heritage (Gray 32). Nowadays history is a pivotal aspect of American culture organization. Other parts of American culture include sports, politics, attitude, values, music, cinema, films, and other important elements. It is vital to understand that American society is constantly changing its beliefs and attitude towards social actions and values (Taylor 4) American culture is diverse; this fact makes to combine and
The aspect of social contract theory can be stated as an orientation. Here it is has been observed that people will respect the fact that other may have different perspective and opinions. In this stage, the choices made by each individual are not judged as correct or wrong. Here the rules and regulations, as well as the law, are social guidelines rather than strict dictums. Here is what is called democracy. Rousseau and King worked on this principle but under different circumstances. Jean Jacques Rousseau, who believed that a man has a passionate and emotional side, was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 18, 1712. This philosopher wrote different books and concepts about man as an individua
This document will analyze a particular case study in an effort to bring out the roles and legal responsibilities of the various participants in a health case. Doctor Ivor Bolt, an orthopedic surgeon at the Bones and Bumps Orthopedic Private Hospital in Brisburg, was approached by a one Mr. Jasper Johnson. Doctor Bolt specializes in knee surgery in a department under the support at the hospital. Jasper, a retiree of 75 years old, visits Doctor Bolt and confides to him about his terrible knee. Doctor Bolt undertakes Jasper through a series of expensive tests so as to ascertain the cause of the pain. At this point, it’s not well known if there were cheaper alternatives that could have served the same purpose. After the tests, Doctor Bolt books Jasper in for a knee replacement with state of the art prosthesis at a cost of $12,500. Jasper, in a show of good faith, pays an initial deposit of $7,500 to Doctor Bolt. The developed prosthesis is the brainchild of Creative Whizkid, a chief biomedical engineer at the hospital, who takes up a patent of the product at the Commonwealth Governmental intellectual property office in Australia. Greedy Cousin, Jasper’s relative and beneficiary, looks for more information about his cousin’s prosthesis but does not find it registered in the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG), on the Therapeutic Goods Administration website. Reacting on this, Greedy confronts Doctor Bolt with this information but the doctor reassures him that the procedure will be successful, thereby disregarding the ramifications of using a non-registered prosthesis. During surgery, Doctor Bolt utilizes the skills of his registered nurses as medical assistants at the private hospital, which is known to run efficiently. Upon completion of the procedure, Doctor Bolt decides to charge a premium to the bill because the surgery was a success, and also invoices Jasper with a bill for the cost of the prosthesis. Both Jasper and Cousin Greedy complain to the doctor about the excessive charges only to receive threat of action should they fail to settle the amount owing. Greedy, seeking to help save his cousin’s money reports the matter to the police and later, the Brisburg Medical Board. Key legal disputes arise in this case study from the moment Doctor Bolt takes on Mr. Jasper Johnson as a patient. Bolt decides to arrange a series of expensive examinations so as to ascertain the cause of Jasper’s terrible knee at the Bones and Bumps Orthopedic Private Hospital. At this point there is no documentation that confirms that the process was necessary. As per the Regulation of Health Practitioners (lecture 2), unprofessional conduct may arise from provision of excessive or unreasonably required services to a patient. Bolt in this instance should have informed jasper on possible alternatives as well as consequences of the options, both positive and negative. The doctor should act in an advisory capacity in such circumstances, allowing the patients to make the final decision. Jasper was not in a state to make an informed
Introduction In order to be profitable in international business, it is vital for one to examine the micro and macro factors prevalent within a chosen business environment. This would help in anticipating challenges and in curving out a business strategy needed in order to succeed in that nation. The country chosen for this purpose is Singapore. Justification of choice Minimal barriers to entry Singaporean Immigration laws are some of the most business friendly around the world. This would allow investors and businessmen in the chocolate business to enter the country easily and without major hurdles. Expatriates often consider this as the best place to work and live in so it would be a great place to establish the manufacturing plant. Additionally, business regulations are not too tough in this country. If one has to import a food product from the international environment, one would not be expected to pay import duties unless the product is alcoholic (Australian Government, 2010). Such a policy is a big incentive for the proposed business because cocoa (an essential raw material in chocolate manufacture) will be sourced from the Caribbean so it is essential to select a country that will not impose heavy import duties on the same. Most foreign investors in the country are not required to follow certain distribution channels once in Singapore. It is expected that manufacturers should have their own warehouses, cargoes and networks. This would ascertain that they can easily take the commodities to the consumers without overly dealing with other intermediaries. Economic conditions As stated earlier in the industry analysis, the best place to start a chocolate business would be one which has a high GDP and high prospects for economic growth in the future. Currently, Singapore is ranked third by the International monetary Fund’s 2010 economic index. It is ranked 4 th by the CIA word factbook and is position 5 by the World Bank in terms of its GDP. Therefore, this would be an ideal society for the proposed chocolate business because any country’s GDP is indicative of its purchasing power (CIA, 2011). Chocolate is a luxury item that may not be easily purchased by poorer nations. Singapore has 0% of its population living below the poverty line and over 90% of all Singaporeans live in urban areas. Consequently, their economic conditions illustrate that they would easily buy the product (World Economic Forum, 2011). Additionally, Singapore also boasts of an immensely successful free market economy and is recognised as the least bureaucratic nation to do business in South East Asia. This has been made possible by the low instances of corruption and the government enabled programs that have been instated in order to prevent or capture the vice before it gets out of hand. Its Ministry of trade and Industry has contributed to
Introduction It is a well known fact that leading change is a difficult task. Let us take for example, the situation in the modern organizations, it is common to here leaders talk about employees who are always resisting any new changes. On the other hand the employees talk mainly about the changes as a mistake or a blunder. These are common talks among the leaders and employees in their respective circle and make it obvious that change is occurring in most of our organizations. Kotter (1996) states that “ The rate of change is not going to slow down any time soon…[it] will probably speed up even more…change is inevitable and to resist is at best unproductive…the key is in your response to change ”. In the 21 st century the most of the organizations are undergoing substantial changes. The terms such as privatization and “downsizing” have become a common in the public sector. While these processes continue in most parts of the world, in recent years this sector has a desire to improve its capabilities. As a result these sectors have taken up capacity building, or institutional or sectoral development. However, this has resulted in significant changes to, and within, individual organizations. New sets of organizational forms have emerged. Besides, new managerial processes are linked with human resource management or management information systems (CeFiMS, N.D.). Hence, today it has become an important task to manage the change in corporate sector. This paper discusses the issues related to managing change in corporate sector and its impact. Corporate managers in the organizations are often required to initiate major change or transformation in their agencies (Kee and Davis, 2006). Hence these managers are often required to possess a unique leadership called the “change leadership”. This concept of leadership is different from the normal leadership or management of a corporate agency. They need to carefully assess the risk and rewards, and a skill to manage risk in a way that protects the leader, the agency, and other stakeholders. There are several influences on corporate managers that demand change leadership. Corporate managers at different levels of government are under pressure to be more performance oriented. This includes various performance-base
Problem Overview Many traffic accidents in the United States are caused by fatigue driving. A study by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety estimated that around 328,000 crashes involving drowsy driving occur annually ( Drivers are falling asleep behind the wheel, 2020). In 2015, an estimated 5,000 people died in fatigue driving crashes, according to a Governors Highway Safety Association report ( Drivers and falling asleep behind the wheel, 2020). Many drivers do not realize the dangers of getting behind the will while fatigued. According to the National Sleep Foundation, about 50% of adult drivers admit to driving while drowsy, and 20% admit to falling asleep behind the wheel at some point in the past year ( Drivers are falling asleep behind the wheel, 2020). Driving while drowsy is similar to driving under the influence of alcohol and is characterized by the decrease of reaction times, awareness of hazards, and ability to sustain attention. Addressing the problem of drowsy driving is important to reduce the number of accidents and increase road safety. Proposal Description In order to develop a system that accurately determines whether a driver is tired or not, three kinds of hardware are combined. The first is a detection device (radar) installed around the vehicle that monitors the instability of driving. It tracks the driver’s ability to maintain a distance from the car in front of the vehicle and the ability to keep the vehicle steady in the middle of the road. According to the studies, fatigue decreases vigilance, situational awareness, and psychomotor and cognitive responses, which leads to driving performance becoming increasingly variable and unstable (European Road Safety Observatory, 2018). The more complex the road geometry is, the harder it is for a fatigued driver to control the steering wheel and maintain a stable lane position (European Road Safety Observatory, 2018). Monitoring car movement allows the system to detect driving instability and determine whether the driver is fatigued. The second type of hardware is an eye-tracking device in the car’s rearview mirror. It monitors the eye-blink rate to determine whether the driver is too tired to concentrate on the road conditions. According to the research by Haq & Hasan (2016), the person’s level of attentiveness is expressed by their eye-blinking rate. When a person is feeling fatigued or drowsy, their eye-blinking pattern changes. The less attention the driver pays on the road, the longer is the duration of eye blinks (European Road Safety Observatory, 2018). According to the study by Schmidt et al. (2018), the algorithm that detects blinks can be used to distinguish between alert and drowsy driver behavior. The third type of hardware is installed in the steering wheel and monitors how many tim
How total rewards differs from other more traditional approaches A total rewards program is different from conventional methods of compensation and benefits because it acknowledges the importance of other motivators, other than pay, in the work environment. In this school of thought, it is assumed that monetary rewards are important but that non monetary or intangible rewards are also a crucial part of the compensation plan. Consequently, this method addresses challenges in recruitment and retention by offering an all rounded approach. Additionally, most compensation programs in the past would focus on divergent and uncoordinated benefits and pay packages but these were not integrated into one uniform program. Total rewards allow organisations to cover all aspects of workplace motivation in reward systems such that ample returns on employees can be realised by organisations. Previous methods of compensation were often standardised; most made it difficult for companies to stand out from the crowd. Total rewards changes all this by giving employers great flexibility in deciding which incentives, motivators and pay packages to choose for their employees (HR Focus, 2006). The unique combination of these rewards makes every organisation that uses total rewards exceptional and that contributes towards their competitive advantage. Also, traditional methods of compensation were too focused on pay to the detriment of the employer. In those environments, employers would end up with very high costs. However, in total rewards compensation programs, employers can exercise control over their business expenses because these are spread over a vast portfolio. Advantages and disadvantages from the employer’s perspective The total rewards program’s main advantage is that it allows employers the ability to attract the right pool of employees and retain them. Certain drivers in the total rewards program have the ability to bring in the right kind of employees needed to meet company objectives in the future. Also because there is a dynamic combination of rewards that accommodates employees’ careers, chances are that most will be motivated to remain in their positions and this will increase retention. The method is also quite good for employers because it is linked to business strategies. Since performance improvement and assessment form an important part of the total rewards system then companies have a chance of aligning their business goals with their human resource practices (Dixon & Heneman, 2001). This is likely to create a very profitable business. Lastly, since the model looks at motivation across all dimensions then chances are that productivity will go up; employees will be more satisfied with their jobs and their work experiences. Once again, this translates into greater pro
Introduction The story of King Arthur has captivated readers for a long time and stories of the great king, complete with the Wizard Merlin, Sword of Excalibur, Knights of the Round Table, have become a part of the folklore. However, there is much debate and scepticism whether King Arthur actually existed and if any of the stories have really happened. The paper would discuss if King Arthur was real, mythical, legendary or a mixture of all. Main Text Ashe (1985) comments that King Arthur first finds mention in the 1138 work of Geoffrey of Monmouth who wrote the book History of the Kings of Britain. In this work, King Arthur is reported to have fought the Saxons when they invaded Britain in the 5th century. The King engaged in a series of romantic battles and finally managed to drive away from the invasion. He also manages to conquer Denmark, Norway and Gaul. Experts have argued that argues that the work of Geoffrey was nothing but fiction that was based on old songs and fables that tended to glorify the King. According to the sceptics, there was nothing like Merlin the Wizard or the Excalibur sword. Ashe does not believe that King Arthur was a totally fictional character and argues that the story penned by Geoffrey was based on an actual king called Riotamus who ruled Britain in the 5th century. While he agrees that over the centuries, King Arthur has been glorified by fables and folklore and recently in operas and movies, there is some substance to the legend. Barber (1986) comments that the medieval scribes were very much prone to fictionalising and inventing events and deeds of the historical characters. Literacy was very rare in those days, even many kings were illiterate, and what was worse, the kings excreted pressure on the hapless scribes under their service who were made to write historical facts as the kings wanted them to appear and not as the events had actually happened. The author argues that the notion of King Arthur as a romantic figure who threw out the invaders was very good and it served the Kings who used the legends to boost the morale of their armies. Many supernatural events that are described could not have conceivably happened and the story of the Excalibur sword and the Holy Grail was just a figment of imagination. Coe (1995) however points out that there were a number of Celtic fables and folk songs that hailed Ambrosius Aurelianus as the brave warrior who held off the Romans and the Viking raiders. The songs are legends are often referenced with many actual facts and happenings that are part of documented history such as the Battle of Mount Badon where the Saxons were defeated. The au