ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
We study Higgs boson masses in supersymmetric models with an extra U(1) symmetry to be called U(1)$^{\prime}$. Such extra gauge symmetries are urged by the $\mu$ problem of the MSSM, and they also arise frequently in low-energy supersymmetric models stemming from GUTs and strings. We analyze mass of the lightest Higgs boson and various other particle masses and couplings by taking into account the LEP bounds as well as the recent bounds from Tevatron experiments. We find that the $\mu$-problem motivated generic low-energy U(1)$^{\prime}$ model yields Higgs masses as large as $\sim 200\ {\rm GeV}$ and violate the Tevatron bounds for certain ranges of parameters. We analyze correlations among various model parameters, and determine excluded regions by both scanning the parameter space and by examining certain likely parameter values. We also make educated projections for LHC measurements in light of the Tevatron restrictions on the parameter space. We further analyze certain benchmark models stemming from E(6) breaking, and find that they elevate Higgs boson mass into Tevatron's forbidden band when U(1)$^{\prime}$ gauge coupling takes larger values than the one corresponding to one-step GUT breaking.
The first one started in 2012 July 16 (MJD 56124) and the second one in 2013 April 9 (MJD 56391). The multiwavelength data analysis shows that the $\gamma$-ray flare observed in 2012 was not detected in the hard-X ray bands. This result is usually interpreted as an "orphan" flare. In 2013, the analysis of the multiwavelength light curves shows that there are two very bright states detected in the optical R-band. The first one in 2013 April 9 (R =11.74 $\pm$ 0.04) and the second one in May 12 (R =11.62 $\pm$ 0.04). Also, high activity states were detected in the soft and hard X-rays. A discrete correlation function analysis of this last flare shows a strong correlation between the GeV $\gamma$-rays and the optical/hard-X ray emission. These results are discussed in terms of the more adequate standard scenarios that could explain the multiwavelength variations displayed by this blazar.
We investigate the effects of unparticles on gamma gamma--> gamma gamma scattering for photon collider mode of the future multi-TeV e^+e^- linear collider. We show the effects of unparticles on the differential, and total scattering cross sections for different polarization configurations. Considering 1-loop Standard Model background contributions from the charged fermions, and W^{+-} bosons to the cross section, we calculate the upper limits on the unparticle couplings lambda_0 to the photons for various values of the scaling dimension d(1<d<2) at sqrt{s}=0.5-5 TeV.
In this paper, transformation formulas for the function \[ A_{1}\left(z,s:\chi\right)=\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}\sum\limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\chi\left(n\right)\chi\left(m\right)\left(-1\right)^{m}n^{s-1}e^{2\pi imnz/k} \] are obtained. Sums that appear in transformation formulas are generalizations of the Hardy--Berndt sums $s_{j}(d,c),$ $j=1,2,5$. As applications of these transformation formulas, reciprocity formulas for these sums are derived and several series relations are presented.
We extend the method of Flow Equations to the Effective Field Theory framework of inflation, in order to investigate the observable predictions of a very broad class of inflationary models. Focusing our attention on the gravitational-wave sector, we derive a general expression for the consistency relation for effective models and provide a numerical implementation which allows to study how the generated models populate the $(r,nt)$ plane. We analyse $5 \times 10^{4}$ realizations of inflationary scenarios that respect the Null-Energy Condition ($\epsilon > 0$) and $5 \times 10^{4}$ realizations that violate it ($\epsilon > 0$). In both cases, 90% of the viable models are below the most recent upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio from Planck and BICEP2/Keck Array BK15 data: $r_{0.002} < 0.056$ at 95 % CL. We find that general EFT inflationary models with $\epsilon > 0$ are typically characterized by $n_{t} < 0$, whereas the vast majority of NEC-violating models presents a blue-tilted spectrum ($n_{t} > 0$). Since a blue tensor spectral index implies more power on small scales, this result is of considerable interest in view of a possible direct detection of the primordial gravitational-wave background.
We propose a method of manipulating a quantum register remotely with the help of a single ancilla that steers the evolution of the register. The fully controlled ancilla qubit is coupled to the computational register solely via a fixed unitary two-qubit interaction, E, and then measured in suitable bases. We characterize all interactions E that induce a unitary, step-wise deterministic measurement back-action on the register sufficient to implement any arbitrary quantum channel. Our scheme offers significant experimental advantages for implementing computations, preparing states and performing generalized measurements as no direct control of the register is required.
For a class of symmetric random matrices whose entries are martingale differences adapted to an increasing filtration, we prove that under a Lindeberg-like condition, the empirical spectral distribution behaves asymptotically similarly to a corresponding matrix with independent centered Gaussian entries having the same variances. Under a slightly reinforced condition, the approximation holds in the almost sure sense. We also point out several sufficient regularity conditions imposed to the variance structure for convergence to the semicircle law or the Marchenko-Pastur law and other convergence results. In the stationary case we obtain a full extension from the i.i.d. case to the martingale case of the convergence to the semicircle law as well as to the Marchenko-Pastur one. Our results are well adapted to study several examples including non linear ARCH infinite random fields.
KIC 9406652 is a remarkable variable star in the Kepler field of view that shows both very rapid oscillations and long term outbursts in its light curve. We present an analysis of the light curve over quarters 1 to 15 and new spectroscopy that indicates that the object is a cataclysmic variable with an orbital period of 6.108 hours. However, an even stronger signal appears in the light curve periodogram for a shorter period of 5.753 hours, and we argue that this corresponds to the modulation of flux from the hot spot region in a tilted, precessing disk surrounding the white dwarf star. We present a preliminary orbital solution from radial velocity measurements of features from the accretion disk and the photosphere of the companion. We use a Doppler tomography algorithm to reconstruct the disk and companion spectra, and we also consider how these components contribute to the object's spectral energy distribution from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths. This target offers us a remarkable opportunity to investigate disk processes during the high mass transfer stage of evolution in cataclysmic variables.
We consider a one-dimensional commensurate Peierls insulator in the presence of spin-dependent sign-alternating potentials. In a continuum description, the latter supply the fermions with spin-dependent "relativistic" masses $m_{\uparrow,\downarrow}$. The ground-state phase diagram describes three gapped phases: the CDW and SDW-like band insulator phases sandwiched by a "mixed" phase in which the CDW and SDW superstructures coexist with a nonzero spontaneous dimerization (SD). The critical lines separating the massive phases belong to the Ising universality class. The Ising criticality is accompanied by the Kohn anomaly in the renormalized phonon spectrum. We derive a Ginzburg criterion which specifies a narrow region around the critical point where quantum fluctuations play a dominant role, rendering the adiabatic (or mean-field) approximation inapplicable.   A full account of quantum effects is achieved in the anti-adiabatic limit where the effective low-energy theory represents a massive version the N=4 Gross-Neveu model. Using Abelian bosonization we demonstrate that the description of the SD phase, including its critical boundaries, is well approximated by a sum of two effective double-frequency sine-Gordon (DSG) models subject to self-consistency conditions that couple the charge and spin sectors. Using the well-known critical properties of the DSG model we obtain the singular parts of the dimerization order parameter and staggered charge and spin susceptibilities near the Ising critical lines. We show that, in the anti-adiabatic limit, on the line $m_{\downarrow} = 0$ there exists of a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless critical point separating a Luttinger-liquid gapless phase from the spontaneously dimerized one. We also discuss topological excitations of the model carrying fractional charge and spin.   \pacs{71.10.Pm; 71.27.+a; 71.45.Lr; 75.40.Kb}
From the point of view of stochastic analysis the Caputo and Riemann-Liouville derivatives of order $\al \in (0,2)$ can be viewed as (regularized) generators of stable L\'evy motions interrupted on crossing a boundary. This interpretation naturally suggests fully mixed, two-sided or even multidimensional generalizations of these derivatives, as well as a probabilistic approach to the analysis of the related equations. These extensions are introduced and some well-posedness results are obtained that generalize, simplify and unify lots of known facts. This probabilistic analysis leads one to study a class of Markov processes that can be constructed from any given Markov process in $\R^d$ by blocking (or interrupting) the jumps that attempt to cross certain closed set of 'check-points'.
In this paper we extend and improve our results on weighted averages for the number of representations of an integer as a sum of two powers of primes. Let $1\le \ell_1 \le \ell_2$ be two integers, $\Lambda$ be the von Mangoldt function and % \(r_{\ell_1,\ell_2}(n) = \sum_{m_1^{\ell_1} + m_2^{\ell_2}= n} \Lambda(m_1) \Lambda(m_2) \) % be the weighted counting function for the number of representation of an integer as a sum of two prime powers. Let $N \geq 2$ be an integer. We prove that the Ces\`aro average of weight $k > 1$ of $r_{\ell_1,\ell_2}$ over the interval $[1, N]$ has a development as a sum of terms depending explicitly on the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function.
We perform scanning-gate microscopy on a quantum-point contact. It is defined in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas of an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure, giving rise to a weak disorder potential. The lever arm of the scanning tip is significantly smaller than that of the split gates defining the conducting channel of the quantum-point contact. We are able to observe that the conducting channel is shifted in real space when asymmetric gate voltages are applied. The observed shifts are consistent with transport data and numerical estimations.
We establish an interesting upper bound for the moments of truncated Dirichlet convolution of M\"obius function, a function noted $M(n,z)$. Our result implies that $M(n,j)$ is usually quite small for $j \in \{1,\dots,n\}$. Also, we establish an estimate for the multiplicative energy of the set of divisors of an integer $n$.
We introduce complete quotients over the projective line and prove that they form smooth projective varieties. The resulting parameter spaces coincide with the varieties constructed in [HLS11] and [Shao11]. Hence they provide modular smooth compactifications with normal crossing boundaries of the spaces of algebraic maps from the projective line to Grassmannian varieties.
We consider an array of units each of which can be in one of three states. Unidirectional transitions between these states are governed by Markovian rate processes.The interactions between units occur through a dependence of the transition rates of a unit on the states of the units with which it interacts. This coupling is nonlocal, that is, it is neither an all-to-all interaction (referred as global coupling), nor is it a nearest neighbor interaction (referred to as local coupling).The coupling is chosen so as to disfavor the crowding of interacting units in the same state. As a result, there is no global synchronization. Instead, the resultant spatiotemporal configuration is one of clusters that move at a constant speed and that can be interpreted as \emph{traveling waves}. We develop a mean field theory to describe the cluster formation and analyze this model analytically. The predictions of the model are compared favorably with the results obtained by direct numerical simulations.
In this paper we carry on the study of a system recently introduced by the first author as the planar version of the well known electrostatic Schr\"odinger - Maxwell equations.   In the positive potential case, we exhibit situations where the existence of solutions depends on the strength of the coupling, being this one modulated by a parameter.   We also present some results in the case of a sign-changing potential.
In this paper, we use the Malliavin calculus techniques to obtain an anticipative version of the change of variable formula for L\'evy processes. Here the coefficients are in the domain of the anihilation (gradient) operator in the "future sense", which includes the family of all adapted and square-integrable processes. This domain was introduced on the Wiener space by Al\`os and Nualart.
We explore the Higgs sector of the NMSSM in the limit when the Peccei--Quinn symmetry is exact or only slightly broken. In this case the Higgs spectrum has a hierarchical structure which is caused by the stability of the physical vacuum. We find a strong correlation between the parameters of the NMSSM if $\kappa=0$ or $\kappa\lesssim \lambda^2$. It allows one to distinguish the NMSSM with exact or softly broken PQ-symmetry from the MSSM even when extra scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs states escape direct detection.
We define the polar curves and the polar family associated to a projective web and obtain some results about the geometry of the generic element of this family. We also deal with the particular case of foliations and prove the constancy of the topological embedded type of the generic polar.
This paper describes the identification, modelling, and removal of previously unexplained systematic effects in the polarization data of the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) on large angular scales, including new mapmaking and calibration procedures, new and more complete end-to-end simulations, and a set of robust internal consistency checks on the resulting maps. These maps, at 100, 143, 217, and 353 GHz, are early versions of those that will be released in final form later in 2016.   The improvements allow us to determine the cosmic reionization optical depth $\tau$ using, for the first time, the low-multipole $EE$ data from HFI, reducing significantly the central value and uncertainty, and hence the upper limit. Two different likelihood procedures are used to constrain $\tau$ from two estimators of the CMB $E$- and $B$-mode angular power spectra at 100 and 143 GHz, after debiasing the spectra from a small remaining systematic contamination. These all give fully consistent results.   A further consistency test is performed using cross-correlations derived from the Low Frequency Instrument maps of the Planck 2015 data release and the new HFI data. For this purpose, end-to-end analyses of systematic effects from the two instruments are used to demonstrate the near independence of their dominant systematic error residuals.   The tightest result comes from the HFI-based $\tau$ posterior distribution using the maximum likelihood power spectrum estimator from $EE$ data only, giving a value $0.055\pm 0.009$. In a companion paper these results are discussed in the context of the best-fit Planck $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model and recent models of reionization.
We derive three-body equations valid at finite densities and temperatures. These are based on the cluster mean field approach consistently including proper self energy corrections and the Pauli blocking. As an application we investigate the binding energies of triton and determine the Mott densities and momenta relevant for a many particle description of nuclear matter in a generalized Beth-Uhlenbeck approach. The method, however is not restricted to nuclear physics problems but may also be relevant, e.g., to treat three-particle correlations in weekly doped semiconducters or strongly coupled dense plasmas.
The self-averaging behavior of interacting many-body quantum systems has been mostly studied at equilibrium. The present work addresses what happens out of equilibrium, as the increase of the strength of onsite disorder takes the system to the localized phase. We consider two local and two non-local quantities of great experimental and theoretical interest. In the delocalized phase, self-averaging depends on the observable and on the time scale, but the picture simplifies substantially when localization is reached. In the localized phase, the local observables become self-averaging at all times, while the non-local quantities are throughout non-self-averaging. These behaviors are explained and scaling analysis are provided using the $\ell$-bits model and a toy model.
Previous ground based observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 78 revealed a double set of emission lines, similar to those seen in several AGN from recent surveys. Are the double lines due to two AGN with different radial velocities in the same galaxy, or are they due to mass outflows from a single AGN?We present a study of the outflowing ionized gas in the resolved narrow-line region (NLR) of Mrk 78 using observations from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Faint Object Camera (FOC) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope(HST) as part of an ongoing project to determine the kinematics and geometries of active galactic nuclei (AGN) outflows. From the spectroscopic information, we deter- mined the fundamental geometry of the outflow via our kinematics modeling program by recreating radial velocities to fit those seen in four different STIS slit positions. We determined that the double emission lines seen in ground-based spectra are due to an asymmetric distribution of outflowing gas in the NLR. By successfully fitting a model for a single AGN to Mrk 78, we show that it is possible to explain double emission lines with radial velocity offsets seen in AGN similar to Mrk 78 without requiring dual supermassive black holes.
We provide a strategy for an exact inference of the average as well as the fluctuations of the entropy production in non-equilibrium systems in the steady state, from the measurements of arbitrary current fluctuations. Our results are built upon the finite time generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, and require only very short time series data from experiments. We illustrate our results with exact and numerical solutions for two colloidal heat engines.
Electrical resistivity, magnetization and specific heat have been measured for single crystals of SmPt$_{2}$Cd$_{20}$. It has been found that SmPt$_{2}$Cd$_{20}$ exhibits a ferromagnetic (FM) transition at $T_{\rm C} = 0.64$ K, the lowest among cubic compounds. Specific heat divided by temperature increases with decreasing temperature even below $T_{\rm C}$ and attains 4.5 J/mol K$^{2}$ at 0.26 K, implying substantial magnetic quantum fluctuations. An analysis of the magnetic entropy suggests the crystalline-electric-field splitting of the Sm $J = 5/2$ multiplet with a $\Gamma_{7}$ doublet ground state and a $\Gamma_8$ quartet excited state (the excitation energy of $\sim30$ K). The electrical resistivity shows a power-law behavior with $T^{0.74}$ below 2 K without showing any noticeable anomaly at $T_{\rm C}$. SmPt$_{2}$Cd$_{20}$ is regarded as a rare cubic system that is located in the vicinity of a FM quantum critical point.
We investigate the new quantum phases on the extended Kane-Mele-Hubbard model of honeycomb lattice in the Hofstadter regime. In this regime, orbital motion of the electrons can induce various topological phases with spontaneously broken symmetries when the spin orbit coupling and electron correlations coexist. Here, we consider the interaction effects in the Kane-Mele model and discuss possible phases in the presence of magnetic field at integer fillings of electrons. In particular, focusing on 2{\pi}/3 magnetic flux per plaquette, the realization of numerous quantum phases are discussed within the mean field framework; insulator with coplanar magnetic ordering, ferrimagnetic Chern insulator with nematic charge order, ferrimagnetic-ferrielectric Chern insulators etc. Many of these phase transitions are also accompanied with the change in the topological invariants of the system. Based on our theoretical study, we propose topological multiferroic phases with a scope of realization in 2D van-der Waals materials and optical lattice system where the significant interplay of magnetic field, spin orbit coupling and interactions can be engineered.
For every prime $p$, Mohan Kumar constructed examples of stably free modules of rank $p$ on suitable $(p+1)$-dimensional smooth affine varieties. This note discusses how to detect the corresponding unimodular rows in motivic cohomology. Using the recent developments in the $\mathbb{A}^1$-obstruction classification of vector bundles, this provides an alternative proof of non-triviality of Mohan Kumar's stably free modules. The reinterpretation of Mohan Kumar's examples also allows to produce interesting examples of stably trivial torsors for other algebraic groups.
We consider a family of evolution equations that generalize the Peierls-Nabarro model for crystal dislocations. They can be seen as semilinear parabolic reaction-diffusion equations in which the diffusion is regulated by a fractional Laplace operator of order $2 s \in (0, 2)$ acting in one space dimension and the reaction is determined by a $1$-periodic multi-well potential. We construct solutions of these equations that represent the typical propagation of $N \ge 2$ equally oriented dislocations of size $1$. For large times, the dislocations occur around points that evolve according to a repulsive dynamical system. When $s \in (1/2, 1)$, these solutions are shown to be asymptotically stable with respect to odd perturbations.
Coronal elemental abundances are known to deviate from the photospheric values of their parent star, with the degree of deviation depending on the First Ionization Potential (FIP). This study focuses on the coronal composition of stars with super-solar photospheric abundances. We present the coronal abundances of six such stars: 11 LMi, $\iota$ Hor, HR 7291, $\tau$ Boo, and $\alpha$ Cen A and B. These stars all have high-statistics X-ray spectra, three of which are presented for the first time. The abundances measured in this paper are obtained using the line-resolved spectra of the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) in conjunction with the higher throughput EPIC-pn camera spectra on board the XMM-Newton observatory. A collisionally ionized plasma model with two or three temperature components is found to represent the spectra well. All elements are found to be consistently depleted in the coronae compared to their respective photospheres. For 11 LMi and $\tau$ Boo no FIP effect is present, while $\iota$ Hor, HR 7291, and $\alpha$ Cen A and B show a clear FIP trend. These conclusions hold whether the comparison is made with solar abundances or the individual stellar abundances. Unlike the solar corona where low FIP elements are enriched, in these stars the FIP effect is consistently due to a depletion of high FIP elements with respect to actual photospheric abundances. Comparing to solar abundances (instead of stellar) yields the same fractionation trend as on the Sun. In both cases a similar FIP bias is inferred, but different fractionation mechanisms need to be invoked.