Majority of neuroleptic syndrome cases result from side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Patients with such mental illnesses as psychosis tend to be the most affected by this condition. However, there are instances where a patient is brought in for medical attention after an overdose of the drugs. In both cases, it is confirmed that neuroleptic syndrome is brought about by antipsychotic drugs. The only way to ascertain the extent of the disorder is through a conclusive analysis of the symptoms presented by a patient who has been treated with antipsychotic drugs. Neuroleptic syndrome is a very serious condition that should not be ignored. To this end, the diagnosis criteria should be analyzed carefully. Key Words: Neuroleptic syndrome, Antipsychotic drugs, Diagnosis criteria, Side effects, Mental illness Introduction Neuroleptic syndrome is one of the conditions reported among patients undergoing a neurological examination. Interestingly, it is noted that the condition is rare in the neurological field. The syndrome results from the side effects of antipsychotic medication [Berman BD, 2011]. That is why it is commonly associated with patients undergoing receiving mental health services. The syndrome is accompanied by a number of symptoms. For example, it is characterized by hyperthermia and muscle rigidity. In other cases, patients experience significant changes in their cognitive abilities [Gurrerra Ri, 2011]. The syndrome is regarded by professionals as a deadly mental condition, although alterations of the antipsychotic prescriptions have helped to reduce the number of reported cases. In the larger field of psychiatry, patients with this condition receive various forms of medications in efforts to alleviate their symptoms. Depending on the nature of the diagnosed condition, practitioners prescribe medications intended to control or minimize the effects of the syndrome on the overall health of the patient. One such psychiatric disorder is psychosis. Patients who suffer from this mental disorder tend to experience hallucinations and delusions [CroakinPE, 2008]. The medication given to such patients is what constitutes the antipsychotic drugs [El-gaaly S, 2009]. There are two types of antipsychotic medications. They include the first and the second generation drugs. When administered to a patient, they tend to localize their action to the brain’s dopamine pathways [Mitsuro N, 2012]. They achieve this by blocking the receptors in this region. Clozapine and olanzapine are two common examples of antipsychotic drugs [Manu P, 2011]. Neuroleptic syndrome resulting from these drugs is more evident in cases where typical antipsychotic medication is used. A Review of Neuroleptic Syndrome Research is ongoing to determine the pathophysiology of neuroleptic syndrome [Nakara M, 2012]. Studies reveal that the aforementioned blockage of receptors in the brain of the patient is what contributes to the development of the disorder [Khaldi S 2007]. The receptors that are affected by this blockage include the D 2 . Butwicka et al. carried out a study to examine the syndrome among patients with a CYP2D6 deficiency. Adolescents were the participants in this study. The findings made indicated that the patients had high concentrations of antipsychotic drugs in their systems. The symptoms exhibited by the patients indicated that they w