ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Thesis Statement Women are treated differently in Pakistan that in any European country. Women are restricted in many things in Pakistan. They do not have the right to study, they are not allowed to take part in the political events, they are considered as a good labor force. All these aspects negatively influence the economy if the country. The working force in Pakistan is low, the level of unemployment is too high and much of these problems exist due to the detrimental influence of the restricted status of women in the country on the economy. Social status of women in Pakistan negatively influences economics of the country; living in the patriarchal world, Pakistan women are socially excluded and powerless that does not give them an opportunity to acquire education and get an appropriate job that could lead to the reduction of the unemployment rate which is a real problem in the country and which keeps the economics of the country of the low level. Objectives The main purpose of the paper is to consider the status of women in Pakistan and to check the problems which they have to suffer from. This will give us an opportunity to conclude that this status makes a negative influence on the economy of the country due to the problems of unemployment and labor force. Annotated bibliography Coleman, Isobel. “Gender Disparities, Economic Growth and Islamization in Pakistan. Islamization and the Pakistani economy .” Eds. Robert M. Hathaway and Wilson Lee. Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2004. 79-90. Print. Female labor force participation rates in the country are low due to the status of women in the society. The problem of low education is also considered as one of the problems that influences economy of the country. Asian Development Bank. Women in Pakistan: Country Briefing Paper . 2000. Web. The problem of different treating of women in urban and rural regions is considered in the light of the problem of their negative influence on the economy of Pakistan. Maqsood, Fauzia. Effect of Socio-cultural Exclusion and Community Level Factors on reproductive Health Behavior: Comparison between Urban and Rural Pakistani Women . Lahore: University of the Punjab, 2007. Print. Powerless, inability to become involved into labor force of the country, social exclusion, and denied access to education are the reasons for detrimental economic impact of women in Pakistan. “The situation of women in Pakistan.” Islam for Today 1994. Web. Women usually do their work at homes and for very low wages. They are not allowed to participate in industry and are not included into labor force rate due to their restricted status. “Economic Gains through the Provision of Financial Services to women in Pakistan – An impact Assessment of Kashf Foundation.” Kashf Foundation 2010. Web. Low women’s social awareness and worth do not encourage them for earning money, so they continue living in poor households that influences economy. Jehan, Qamar. “Role of Women in Economic Development of Pakistan.” PhD thesis . Quetta: University of Balochistan. 2000. Print. The author states that the impact of woman on eco
Thesis statement: Despite the fact that Aphrodite as a mythological character comprises both the elements of physical attraction (Aphrodite Pandemos) and ethereal qualities (Aphrodite Ouraneia), which incorporate spiritual and moral qualities, most artists tend to exploit the former image more often in their works, putting the emphasis on Aphrodite’s sexuality, which can be explained not by chauvinist moods, but by the public’s unwillingness to accept another interpretation of a famous character. Indeed, when considering the majority of artworks devoted to Aphrodite, one will find out that the goddess is rarely portrayed as Aphrodite Ouraneia; her ethereal qualities are only included into most of the artworks at best, completely ignored at worst. One of the most famous artworks, Sandro Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus depicts the beauty of innocence, yet still puts a strong emphasis on the sexuality of the character. It would be wrong, however, to claim that every single artist exploits sexuality of the character in question to the nth degree; one of the chastest artworks devoted to the goddess of beauty and love, Aphrodite of Milos strikes with the lack of sexual connotation of the image. Even though devilments of nudity are obvious, they are not stretched to the nth degree, which allows the audience to view Aphrodite as the symbol of love and beauty. From a certain perspective, Botticelli’s Aphrodite can also be seen as the symbol of love rather than sexuality; the use of pastel palette and the lack of obviously sexualized imagery can be considered as a proof for Botticelli’s intent to depict the innocence of young love, which borders platonic love. The aforementioned artwork, however, is one of the few exceptions of the overall sexualized images of Aphrodite in art, not to mention the depictions of the goddess of love in popular culture. Speaking of more recent portrayals of Aphrodite as the representation of desire instead of love and beauty, one must mention such work as Robert Fowler’s Aphrodite . While one would not consider this work shallow, it still tends to capture the elements of Aphrodite Pandemos rather than Aphrodite Ouraneia. There is no denying that each artist tends to create his own Aphrodite in accordance with his/her vision of beauty. However, it seems that in their works, most artists tend to choose the elements that stress the elements, which contribute to sexualizing the character. For instance, most artists choose to “dress” Aphrodite in the clothes that put the emphasis on her body, tending to depict such materials as silk, which also add to the sexualization of the image. The reasons for the choice of the theme that the manner of depicting Aphrodite is based on a large variety of factors, among which, personal preferences of an artist are obviously a priority; however, most of the existing artworks prefer Aphrodite Pandemos to Aphrodite Ouraneia, which can be explained by stereotypical thinking of an artist, as well as the fact that the public is not ready to accept a sudden change in the traditional depiction of the ancient goddess. While the reasons for the reluctance to see Aphrodite as the goddess that posse
The Affordable Care Act is a bill that was supported by President Barack Obama as part of his health care agenda. His belief in universal healthcare for all led the president to see the shortcomings of the current healthcare laws and the need for further coverage expansion and a reassessment of the way insurance companies operate in terms of shouldering their clients healthcare needs and medical bills. It was actually the fact that insurance companies were abusing the rights of their clients as patients that partially propelled the need for the Affordable Care Act. It was no secret that the insurance companies were acting like scam corporations before the Affordable Care Act, barely covering medical procedures, or outright rejecting the coverage of a patient just because he got sick. Some of them, even put a cap on insurance coverage per year of lifetime of the patients. All acts which were seen as insurance company abuse. Another of the main reasons why there seemed to be a major need for the Affordable Care Act was because of the growing disparity in the healthcare coverage of the working people regardless of their race, ethnicity, or religion. Healthcare studies at the time indicated that low income Americans, along with racial and ethnic minorities, barely had access to medical care, treatment options, and sometimes, did not even qualify for insurance coverage. The Affordable Care Act hoped to bridge that gap and offer coverage to those who would not usually qualify for regular insurance coverage for one reason or another. Basically, the old era of healthcare should be viewed as the most incompetent and unsystematic method of national government healthcare delivery. It seemed to be slanted towards servicing the interests of the insurance companies alone while leaving its clients holding the empty bag of promises consisting of undelivered healthcare needs. Although the Affordable Care Act sounds highly promising on paper, there have been quite a number of concerns raised regarding it by health practitioners, insurance companies, and politicians alike. Senators and other politicians are afraid of the the government will have to increase spending in order to cover the insurance needs of more Americans while in turn, cutting the funding for Medicare to half of what its already measly budget is today. There are also increasing concerns that due to the larger insurance coverage for illnesses, it would translate into higher insurance premiums for members. There were two key ideas that went into effect in 2010 for the Affordable Care Act. Both of which affected the insurance industry the most. The first of which is the removal of the ability of the insurance company to place a lifetime cap on essential benefits such as hospital confinement. I would define this as an important key idea under this policy because not all illnesses
Introduction Cultural diversity, which is reflected in variables like language, refers to the varied cultural identities and groups, which make up a reference community. The concept acknowledges the dissimilarities between different groups and individuals on the basis of spirituality, religion, ethnicity and racial background, as well as the language differences among the community members. The term is used to mean more than the migrant experiences of the members of the society, to refer to the contextual issues and intergenerational aspects. Equity within the society implies that all members of the reference society receive equal opportunity. With reference to healthcare, equity refers to access among the different groups and individuals – with reference to developing and maintaining health wellbeing from a just and fair access to health resources. The lack of equity and inequality in healthcare may be traced to the varied economic and social disparities, genetic differences, and the diverse personal choices. Particularly, inequity can be traced to dissimilarities in opportunity, where different groups and individuals are exposed to unequal access to health services (Diller, 2004; Loustaunau & Sobo, 1997). With reference to the varied cultural backgrounds and the diverse orientations to service and inequalities in social-economic levels, inequalities are bound to come in the way of service administration. This is especially the case, for healthcare services administration – especially with the wide variety of language, social and the cultural diversity of modern societies, especially America and Australia. As a result of the socio-cultural diversity, an intensive understanding of cultural diversity is important, as it can help reduce the level of vulnerability facing the different groups, with regard to healthcare services administration. This paper is a descriptive account of the significance of cultural competency for the healthcare institution, healthcare personnel and the individual – within the culturally diverse society of the 21 st century (Johnstone & Kanitsaki, 2005). The concept of cultural competence is rooted upon the following five elements: self-assessing the cultural behaviors of the focus group, valuing the diversity existing among different individuals and groups, comprehending the dynamics of dissimilarities, evaluating cultural knowledge, and aiding in adapting to diversity. The charact
Abstract Real life examples highlight the key intriguing element of Leila Aboulela’s 2005 novel Minaret. Minaret is a mirror of Aboulela’s life experience. The novel tells the story of Najwa, who enjoys a coddled existence in the Sudanese capital of Khartoum. Following a political coup, Aboulela’s life completely changes when her father is executed and her family flees to London. This review suggests that Najwa’s reasons for entering into domestic servitude with a wealthy Arab family in London speaks to her need to re-establish a sense of family after the loss of her father, mother and brother. Fall from Grace: Book Review of Leila Aboulela’s Minaret In recent years literature that covers Islamic issues and themes largely condemns devout factions of Muslims as uneducated, hostile and unconsciously engaged in Islam due to family pressures, cultural pressures and the barely suppressed desire to wreak havoc on the infidels. A character largely influenced by the excesses and extremes of the Taliban has developed in popular culture as a result: this literary character is usually a male, backwards, always armed to the teeth, and chauvinistic to the point of stoning women for wearing lipstick, being raped or wanting to be a doctor. A common theme has also developed in popular literature – the idea that Muslim men are somehow there through misguided political beliefs, and require only education, social status or access to food and clean water to realize and amend the error of their ways, while the assumption holds that Muslim women are there purely by an unfortunate accident of birth (Suad & Najmabadi 2005). However, these sensationalized and condescending views and interpretations of Islam ignore the quiet appeal of the religion, and the simple, stoic relationships with God and family that it values and encourages. This may explain why according to Jawad (2006) conversion to Islam is a growing phenomena worldwide (Jawad 2006). One example occurred in 2002 in Britain, when the “Muath Welfare Trust, a community center catering to the needs of the Muslim community in Birmingham,…ran a New Muslims project. The leader of the project reported twenty four converts. Seventeen among them were white women and the rest…were men. One man was of Caribbean origin; the other six were white” (Jawad 2006). Jawad (2006) also noted that some of these converts came “from affluent backgrounds, such as…Joe Ahmed-Dobson, the son of former cabinet minister Frank Dobson…and Jonathan Birt, son of the former director of the British Broadcasting Company” (Jawad 2006). These real life examples highlight the key intriguing element of Leila Aboulela’s 2005 novel Minaret. Minaret flies in the face of “the age of global interconnectedness and the decreasing salience of nation as an overarching feature of identity” (Bhimji 2008) Leila Aboulela was born in Cairo and spent her childhood in Khartoum, Sudan, where she was educated in the Catholic f
As much as obesity has become popular in modern life, the people of California have not been discouraged from enjoying the hamburgers in the restaurant even as late as after midnight. The In-N-Out restaurant is the best place for parties, special events and some other corporate picnics. Its quality is of high standard and also the level of cleanliness is quite commendable. When California is mentioned, many people view it as a place of relaxation and this is displayed by the artwork that is on the wall. The people who live in the Los Angeles celebrate their occasions by visiting the In-N-Out restaurant just to have a bite of the hamburgers to mark some historical events. The restaurant also caters to the young children as they have provided facilities that are suitable for the young children; this has enabled many families to spend their holidays and also weekends in the restaurant. The In-N-Out restaurant has a great influence on
Gender Gender can be defined as the difference in roles and responsibilities that differentiate men from women. It is also used as a basis for creating masculine and feminine roles. It is dependent on the society or community to assign different roles according to sex, social responsibilities and identity. Some communities have set aside some social roles in a manner that they can be considered as belonging to either males or females. According to Coupland (109), “Social scientists define gender as a construction of the community, experts in gender studies try to figure out whether the difference in biological characteristics influence gender disparities in human beings.” From the perspective of art, paintings of 17 th century reveal shows how women were perceived. The painting that showed the nude bodies implied their submission to men. According to Butler, “Gender as an objective thing does not exist. Gender reality is performance which means that it is only real to the extent it is performed.” He further argues that gender does not in any way depend on physical characteristics of a person, but it is a social fabrication that is subject to change and can also be protested. Roles associated to gender do not practically express what gender is, and neither does it define the objectives that gender ought to attain. This is due to the fact gender is not a fact, but performance of roles associated to it creates the notion of gender because without them, gender would not exist. Therefore, gender constitutes formation of attributes whose beginning has been hidden. The beginning is not based on reality but performance of duties, so that through this duties the physical our physical body becomes gender although these duties are subject to change or revision over time. I agree with this perspective that gender is based on creation and that it is not a reality. Generational Recent studies suggest that the biggest division in the society today is brought about by generational gap and not race or income entities. As we continue interacting in the society, we realize that the age difference between the older and the younger people steadily grows. For instance, the age of students range from four to eighteen years, while adults continue to grow older. In order for harmony to exist, the adults have to formulate ways of understanding students so that they can remain relevant. One of the factors that bring about differences in generation is change. Age difference has the ability to bring about generational change in the sense that, each generation come up with
Bortoletto, Pietro, et al. “Parental Consent: An Unnecessary Barrier to Adolescent Obstetrical Care.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecolog y, vol. 219, no. 5, 2018, pp. 451.e1-451.e5. The article explains the possible negative aftermath, both emotional and physical, of teenage childbirth. The main author of this article is the Doctor of Medicine. This article is an excellent source for evaluating possible risks connected with teenage pregnancy and for understanding why the need for parental consent discourages minors from using contraception. The authors also analyze the confidentiality laws in each state, giving a clear understanding of the connection between teen pregnancy and parental involvement in birth control. This article is relevant to the research since it proves that parental involvement and lack of confidentiality negatively affect teen pregnancy rates. Zuniga, Carmela, et al. “Youth Perspectives on Pharmacists’ Provision of Birth Control: Findings From a Focus Group Study.” Journal of Adolescent Health , vol. 65, no. 4, 2019, pp. 514-519. The author of this article is Carmela Zuniga, who has a degree of Master of Arts. The article analyzes teen attitudes towards the prescription of contraception. Two focus groups were used for this study: teen females, who were 14-17 years old, and young women, who were 18-24 years old. This article shows that both groups view contraception as a convenient method of preventing undesirable childbirth. However, the representatives of the first group were concerned with a possible lack of privacy when aiming for a prescription. This concern was related to possible parental involvement. This article is relevant to the research because it provides information regarding negative teen attitudes to parental involvement in the birth control process. Myers, Caitlin. “The Power of Abortion Policy: Reexamining the Effects of Young Women’s Access to Reproductive Control.” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 125, no. 6, 2017, pp. 2178-2224. This article is written by Caitlin Myers – a professor of economics at Middlebury College. The author provides evidence on the relative power of contraception and abortion. The article is a valuable source of information concerning the liberalization of abortion and contraception and the following societal shifts. The article provides statistics of “shotgun marriages” and their connection with the availability of means of contraception and the influence of parental involvement on these rates. For example, the legalization of abortion reduced the rates of shotgun marriages by 63% and the overall rates of marriages by 20%. This article allows the reader to evaluate the volume of prevention of undesirable childbirth, which total confidentiality provides, hence why it relates to the topic of research. Myers, Caitlin, and Daniel Ladd. “Did Parental Involvement Laws Grow Teeth? The Effects
Mathematics plays an essential role in general education as an art and science. It is different from other disciplines given the contradictions it causes from the usage, making it hard to categorize it under a specific field. Despite mathematics getting used in natural happenings, it does not justify it being a science; on the other hand, despite being wildly creative, that does not explain it is an art (Arias-Alfonso and Franco 15). Mathematics has developed over the years since ancient Greece and the middle ages. During the middle ages, it survived in the Arab world in the first universities. During the 17th century, mathematics developed due to the works of Isaac Newton and Rene Descartes (Kaplan 206). Research in maths during this period became closely related to the physical world. It became more specialized in the subsequent years, thus clearly distinguishing between pure and applied mathematics. Mathematics is considered one of the most advanced sciences; still, it proves to be more of an art than a science, given its historical authenticity and the creativeness mathematicians portray in their works. Maths as an Art Artists get driven by creativity, beauty, and wording as they focus on inventing new objects out of nothing through the use of words or any medium related to that field. Elegance and beauty are the primary keys to mathematics, not technicality or dullness (Borel 38). Mathematics portrays the majority of the characteristics distinguishing arts from sciences, thus shedding light on why it is comprehensible to create art. Mathematicians are artists in their nature, given the creativeness they possess. They form theorems out of nothing, which gets used in solving mathematical problems, just as writers do when writing novels from blank papers. Mathematicians like Jerry P. King argue that maths is an art since beauty is the motivating force that influences research (Arias-Alfonso and Franco 16). It possesses many characteristics of arts which justifies the need to categorize it under this field. The three most common art characteristics portrayed by mathematics include being creative and expressive, engaging the imagination, and being driven by aesthetics. Historical Authenticity Art is related to historical observations, which tend to educate the modern people on what happened in the past. Novels and books that elaborate and educate on earlier happenings are preserved and accessible to date. Artists tend to study old art dating back to cave paints making ancient art not obsolete. Mathematics uses old work, but science tends to keep up with the modern trends making it more relatable to the skills (Hall 198). Just as art is outdated, so is ancient mathematics since it is not subjected to environmental changes. Just as art is conserved for an extended period, so is mathematics making it an art rather than a science (Kaplan 202). The Pythagorean theorem, formed as early as the 15th century, is still learned by current mathematicians. Mathematics has many characteristics related to art, includi