ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A human being cannot live without food, yet it is the quality of the food a person consumes that counts. Healthy food is not only expensive but also, it is hard to find it in a poor region. While fast-food joints have become synonymous with the low-income settlements, grocery stores with nutritious food varieties are situated in middle- and high-income neighborhoods. Besides, low-income families in the United States face numerous challenges in accessing nutritious food, and as a result; they live unhealthy and inactive life. Laraia, et al. (118) while noting the challenges most people face in the US, asserts that the latest research on the purchase of vegetables and fruits across the country paints a gloomy picture among the poor. They further expound that in 2017 people with income below $14 thousand, spent 53 dollars on fruits while those with incomes ranging 70 dollars per month spent around $ 67 per a month on vegetables and fruits (118). This paper looks at the causes of inadequate food choices for Americans in low-income neighborhoods and how to overcome the challenges. Causes of Inadequate Food Choices Various factors lead to a lack of food choices for people in poor regions in the US. To start with, food inaccessibility and insecurity are not only the main two major challenges in low-income areas in towns but also, in rural regions of the US. A vast majority of the neighborhoods have limited access to nutritious, healthy, and affordable food. They have fewer grocery stores, and the inhabitants lack personal means of transport in addition to limited financial abilities. Similarly, the grocery stores and retailers found in the areas have either relocated to more profitable suburbs or, the few left in the neighborhoods have closed down (Zhang and Ghosh 79). While, discussing meat, Miller says, “Asking aloud if eating meat is ethical…” loses the main point since “is like wondering if it is ethical to have sex” (178). If one has a craving for meat, it will lead to the death of animals, yet, the same person can fulfill his/her dietary needs by becoming a vegetarian. The writer points out the fact that fast food joints provide junk foods that have adverse long term health effects on the population. According to the Food Research and Action Center, low-income households are unable to afford food. While highlighting this, the Center writes, “consuming a balanced diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle involving the management of pre-existing conditions among the poor has become a challenge” (1). These groups face food insecurity due to inadequate financial resources, stress, and a myriad of priorities that push food requirements for the families to the periphery. Additionally, research carried out in 2016 covering health, poverty, and the purchasing power of food among low-income households in the US found out that 40.6 million people translating to 12.7% of the American who were poor (Food Research & Action Center). It further estimated that two-thirds of the people were likely to experience poverty at one point in their lifespan. This was an insight into the plight of most Americans as they were likely to have limited
Introduction Dental care is an international health practice which involves proper hygienic maintenance of teeth. The entire practice falls under a branch of medicine known as dentistry. Dentistry is widely known to be dealing with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various oral diseases. On the other hand, dental care is known to involve oral hygiene maintenance. This is a progressive practice people must engage in to ensure that the mouth and teeth are clean. The proposal developed in this paper aims at improving services at a newly expanded dental care clinic. It is important to note that, variety of specialized dental treatment should fully be available to all patients. Proposal overview Dental care center is very essential for a healthy community development. This is because teeth must frequently be maintained at higher hygienic standards. Teeth are always subjected to vigorous activities including grinding and chewing of food. It is because of this purpose that teeth are always subjected and exposed to different forms of microorganisms. There is high risk of acquiring tooth diseases and disorders precisely in people who do not take good care of their teeth. Most common teeth complication is the exposure to oral pathological disorders. They include; Tooth decay, reddening of gums and halitosis. Well equipped dental care clinics must be able to handle all cases of dental problems. Patients who develop dental disorders go through painful experience. They are only relieved after proper treatment. To achieve this, the dental care unit must be fully equipped in terms of facilities and professional personnel. This means that, there is need for further expansion of the dental care center by addition of five more treatment room. This will eventually reduce operation conflicts among dentists. Moreover, customer’s privacy and confidentiality will be taken care of. This is because there will be no more overcrowding of patients undergoing treatment in one room. Statement of the problem Dental care is a practice that not only requires enough dental practitioners, but also requires availability of facilities. Dental care center discussed in this paper has very few dental practitioners. There are only general dentists and dental hygienist in the entire center. This is very disappointing since patients are always referred to go elsewhere to seek for advanced treatment from specialists. For sure, such referrals are not the best option precisely for a sick patient with pain. Moreover, the logistics the customer encounter moving from one dental clinic to another in search of advanced treatment is very high. There is need for all dental care centers to offer full dental treatment to all patients. This means that there is need to hire dental specialists for an effective in house dental practice. The other problem facing the dental care is insufficient treatment rooms. It is important to note that, most dental treatments are procedural. Therefore, there is need for spac
Annotation The article “The Costs and Benefits of Immigration” by Darrell West focuses on the problematic and controversial topic of immigration, which many people perceive exceptionally negatively. According to the author, due to the prevailing ethnocentrism and the division of society into “us” and “outsiders,” the community often treats immigrants with prejudice (West 427). For many people, the benefits of immigration cannot outweigh the sheer number of apparent disadvantages. However, the author objects to this point of view, saying that most of these advantages are extremely difficult to assess. Nevertheless, according to the author, immigration allows ambitious people to come to America, and they can make a significant contribution to the country’s improvement (West 443). Among such advantages, he singles out the cultural, scientific, social aspects, citing the example of famous scientists and actors. Two Points The first distinctive point in the author’s text, which I would like to emphasize, is the indicated reasons for the negative attitude towards the phenomenon of immigration. Among them, it is especially worth highlighting the presence of a considerable number of prejudices based on ethnocentrism and alienation from people who behave differently (West 427). From my point of view, this factor is crucial for understanding why people have such a strong feeling of rejection towards immigrants. An analysis of the underlying factors allows visually showing their failure, which, in turn, allows making arguments in defense of immigration. In addition, the social analysis makes it possible to reveal other existing patterns th
Introduction The experiences of people living in ethnic enclaves have long attracted the attention of many scholars, journalists and writers because they want to understand how these communities are formed, and how the residents of these neighborhoods perceive their identity. This discussion included in this paper will be based on the analysis of literary and scholarly works. For instance, it is possible to refer to such authors as Nella Larsen and Yomme Chang who describe isolated ethnic communities. Furthermore, one can examine the novel Giovanni’s Room written by James Baldwin who examines the reasons why the representatives of the LGBT community can form their own enclaves. Overall, these people can be affected by different factors such as cultural segregation, poverty, linguistic barriers, homophobia, and so forth. Nevertheless, the critical issue is that they feel marginalized and isolated because some aspects of their identity are not accepted by the society. Moreover, these traits can be viewed as the signs of a certain deficiency. As a result, they can define themselves by race or ethnicity. These are the main issues that should be analyzed. Distinction between a ghetto and an ethnic enclave At first, it is important to distinguish such notions as an ethnic enclave and a ghetto because they are not always interchangeable. This term enclave can be applied to any community inhabited mostly by representatives of a certain ethnic group or a minority. In part, this definition can also be applied to a ghetto but such neighborhoods are usually characterized by poverty, inadequate living conditions, and high rates of crime (OECD 36). Moreover, the educational and medical institutions located in these areas are usually inferior in terms of services that they can provide to the residents. Thus, one can say that the term ghetto has significant economic and social connotations. Apart from that, the residents of ghettos have no economic resources for living these places or improving living conditions (OECD 36). Apart from that, the term enclave can be applied for to specific places that are intended for people who can be stigmatized due to some reasons. For instance, one can speak about LGBT community that has long been discriminated in various countries. So, these people can create their own enclaves. Thus, this term has a wide range of meanings. This information will be important for explaining the differences in the experience of people living in various enclaves. It should be mentioned that initially enclaves were viewed only as temporary places of residence. Many immigrants could not quickly adjust to the culture of the society. Moreover, they urgently need affordable housing (HoSang, LaBennett and Pulido 323). This is why they stayed in such enclaves. Nevertheless, these communities began to play a critical role in the lives of many minorities because enclaves included churches or schools where the children of immigrants could speak the native language of their parents (Terzano 341). In some c
Introduction Problems with Colour perception and depth perception occur very frequently in our daily life and this seems to have rather comic or tragic consequences. We often hear arguments by drivers when they cross a red light at a signal with the driver saying it was green and the police insisting that it was orange or even red. The problem is that people have different perceptions about the colours and depth of objects. Part of the problem is created by our brain that assumes certain facts while actually, they are different. This paper discusses the colour and depth perception of objects that occur in everyday life. Colour Perception Colour perception is the ability of people to differentiate objects and things based on the colour or wavelengths of lights that they may emit or reflect. There are literally millions of variations in colours and the human eye can distinguish just a small percentage of these colours. Often what one sees and what one perceives are quite different and this can have comic consequences. Once when I was visiting my grandma in my native town, I realised the problems that colour perceptions were causing. My grandma had a cat that was dark grey in colour and I would feed it with milk and leftovers in the morning and during the night. I really could not distinguish the cat from another but it was only its colour through which I knew that this was the cat. After a couple of evenings, I realised that the cat was coming for its feed three or more times and mentioned it to my grandma who said ‘you are feeding the wrong cat’. I said that was not possible as the cat looked grey in the dark fading night and it answered my call of ‘Kitty’. To resolve this issue, I took a flashlight and when the cat came for the first time, I shone the flashlight on the cat and yes; it was our cat all right. After some time, when the cat came again meowing for milk, I shone the flashlight and to my amazement, I saw that it was much darker grey and almost black! The third time the cat came again, I saw under the flashlight, that it was pitch coal black! What had happened was that my mind was ready to see a dark cat and in the faint light, I could not distinguish between different shades of dark colour and my brain had deceived me into accepting the cat as our own. There is a saying that ‘all cats appear grey in the dark. Given below is an illustration of colours perception and errors. Figure 1. Colour Perception Illusion and Errors (eChalk, 2009) Depth Perception Depth perception is the ability to see objects and scenery in three dimensions. With depth perception, we see distant objects as smaller while near ones are bigger. There is also the feature that as a person moves closer to the object, it bec
Life is unexplainable. The philosophers and scientists have delved deep to understand the true meaning of life. The understanding of the meaning of life remains a mystery as yet. There have been so many attempts to seek the pathways that would direct an individual to learn more about life. The philosophers do say that there are two types of directions in life. There are good directions, and then there are bad directions. The places and time matter a lot when such directions have been met. The goal of this essay is to seek enlightenment that Life is a sea of misery, and sorrow gives sense to life. Life is a sea of misery Life becomes a misery afflicted with sorrowful events in places that are war struck. Vietnam too was no exception. With people fighting for their survival more so than for their countries. They fought. They resisted. They died. Their earthly bodies met with the earth in stark similarity to their umbilical cords being buried in the earth when born. Thus life is a cycle. It has everything to tell. The stories of sorrows and happiness continue to fold and unfold one after another, with uncertainty being the only certainty. The balance between sorrow and happiness keeps moving either way. War brings tales of innumerable sufferings; wounds, blood, death, refugees, homelessness, loneliness, food scarcity, diseases, environmental degradation, etc. In the story ‘Child of two worlds’, the protagonist remembers how his mother cannot forget anything about her past in Vietnam, though the family had moved to America as a refugee. The letters from the homeland continued to outpour the bitter memories of the past. (Bible.org) The mother understands the truth and differences between the native and the adopted nation, but the child is in two worlds, one world dep
Introduction “The Great War was without precedent … never had so many nations taken up arms at a single time. Never had the battlefield been so vast… never had the fighting been so gruesome…” [1] Historical records impute World War I to the first global catastrophe of the 20 th century, which lasted from 1914 to 1918 and caused the approximate number of 9 million casualties. “It would turn out to be a long war in which soldiers died by the millions. An entire generation of young men would be wiped out. The war would also bring the downfall of the old European culture of kings and noblemen and their codes of honor.” [2] However, neither the number of casualties at the battlefields could reflect the actual devastation reigning in the world hereafter, nor could the massive downfall of the imperial regimes. The economic dislocation and total disruption of values spread depression and fear among the countries that appeared to be the first in the victims’ rate. The Germany’s irresistible enthusiasm of the Spirit of 1914 was buried under ashes, damages, and the first genocide of the 20 th century. Nevertheless, it remained throughout the war and destruction as the leitmotif in the Adolf Hitler’s activity. The perspective young leader, having bravely withstood the battles of the Great War, even more bravely started to defend the rights of German workers, slowly, but convincingly acquiring the audience of support. Hitler was persistent and industrious in approaching the wheel of Germany’s government. Finally, on becoming the chief of the state, Hitler has almost completely changed the vector of his policy and became the dictator of the German nation. However, the fact of being severely criticized and regarded as a hypocrite, racist, and insane did not hinder the existence of the belief that Hitler appeared to be the one to lead Germany to renaissance, both economic and spiritual. Hitler fostered the idea of nationalism through forcing the population of Germany to work above norm for the sake of the country. This inducement was reasonably spiced with the talks about Aryan nation, uniqueness, and leadership, which altogether brought to the common belief in collective force, and, despite the resistance, impelled the Germans to work qualitatively and quantitatively. The chief of the state encouraged collective consciousness, for, in comparison with individualism, this was the simplest way to control and direct the national mood. He infused German people with hope and dignity, with desire to enormous work for the common good and prosperity of own country. Indeed, what would be called ‘nationalism’, if not this? Hitler’s Beginnings Born in the 1800’s, Adolf Hitler spent most of his childhood dreaming of becoming a great
The three words that come to mind after watching the “Color of Fear” documentary are color, racism, and America. Color comes to mind because the film is aptly titled “The Color of Fear”. Consequently, color is an important part of the producer’s main message. As soon as the film starts, the presence of people from various races informs viewers that the film is indeed about skin color. The issue of racism is introduced by the film’s director right from the beginning. The eight characters who are featured in the video discuss nothing but race-related issues throughout the video. Therefore, by the end of the video the issue of race is already embedded in the mind of the viewer. Furthermore, the claim about some of the film’s characters being racist is made constantly. America comes to mind because racial tensions and discussions are synonymous with America. America as a nation is synonymous with racial diversity. In addition, no other country in the world discusses racial issues as openly as America does. Therefore, when a group of people sits down to discuss race issues, America come to mind. I was not surprised at my choice of words because the video mostly discusses a single subject. The issue of racism dominates the entire video. Consequently, by the time the video is over, racism and its related matters have dominated the mindset. All of the three words that came to my mind after watching the video were constantly mentioned in the featured discussion. For example, when victor is confronting David he exclaims that the problem faced by individuals in America is not related to ‘color’. Victor also claims that most of the white people in America equate their skin color with being ‘American’. As the discussion continues, the issues of racism and American citizenship keep coming up. Therefore, it is natural for racism, color, and America to be the three words in my head. The three words (racism, America, and color) reveal a lot about the intentions and the message of the filmmaker. The maker of this video arranged for a discussion between people from four of the most dominant races in America to take place. The eight individuals represent African American, Asian, Hispanic, and Caucasian races. These
Hemingway’s short stories are widely considered masterpieces of the genre. The author was even awarded a Nobel Prize for his contribution to the development of prose and his outstanding skills in narration. Short stories seemed to be his passion, as he managed to shed light upon so many concepts, topics, and themes within the limit of several pages. Love and the relationship between men and women represent one of the topics that brought him fame. Hills Like White Elephants , published in 1927, was one of his earliest works. In it, Hemingway explores one of humanity’s greatest problems: the inability to communicate despite having the immense power of language. This essay will concentrate on the male character named simply the ‘American,’ focusing on aspects of his behavior and personality that at first glance seem hidden and indistinct, but can in fact be grasped from details that Hemingway placed throughout the story. The American’s Personality At the beginning, the narrator does not reveal the characters’ names, which seems strange and inspires the belief that they are irrelevant. However, as the conversation between the American and the girl goes on, the reader learns the name of the female character. This raises the question why Hemingway left the male character with only a nationality for a name. It could be argued that this was just a feature of a conversation between people who have known each other long enough that they do not use names very often. This may have been a moment when there was no use in mentioning it. That might have been the case if it concerned a randomly occurring conversation between two people in real life, but in literature there are rarely coincidences. Thus with a high degree of probability the author left the male character as the ‘American’ for a reason. One of the possible reasons the author did so is that Americans are famous worldwide for their passion for small talk. It is commonly held that Americans have a low tolerance for silence, and they often tend to fill pauses with conversation that has little practical meaning or does not reflect a person’s views, ideas, or feelings about the subject of the conversation. In this way, all participants in the verbal engagement can feel secure and are able to avoid revealing too much about themselves. This peculiarity of American culture also serves as a non-offensive and non-intrusive speech tactic. As applied to the short story, the key feature of small talk – its intrinsic principle “many words, little meaning” – seems to be characteristic of the American’s conversation strategy. By using this tactic, he tries to avoid expressing his opinion on the topic of conversation too directly. This avoidance weighs on the minds of both him and his partner, and the American finally attempts to present his view. In his choice of words, he often leaves room for disagreement. For instance, referring to the operation, he claims it is “the best thing to do,” but after that he adds that if she d