ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The case with Bramson and Jones Companies is a demonstration of how on the current example to achieve a better estimation of law processes in terms of gaining more benefits. The case is full of reasoning as to the right choice of law model to resolve the conflict between two parties. In this respect, the role of arbitration or litigation is implied in the suspected results. For a customer of the law office, the goal is to return money for ball bearings and to diminish rumors of the opponent in defects having to be a reason for the trial. Bringing suit Bramson proved its right for making law fair decisions evaluate the situation. According to Redfern and Hunter (2004), the time prospects are vital in choosing the form of the trial. As Jones Machine Company ordered 50,000 ball bearings with payback in the long-term perspective, then there is a reason for Bramson Ball Bearing Company to insist on a sooner financial return for the products used. Thus, the arbitration is more appropriate for the case. Moskin (2001) admits in his research as of arbitration versus litigation: The absence of confidentiality obligations in arbitrations does not mean, however, that unilateral public disclosure respecting an arbitration is without risk. The fact that the arbitral hearings are inaccessible to the public can be taken to imply that no party may disclose to the public what transpires therein (5-16). Thus, arbitration may be supported with the agreement within parties to have no disclosures of the scandal, so that not to spoil the current reputation of both sides of the conflict. In this case, the ability of participants to promote hearings diplomatically may serve as a guarantee to make more prospects about possible additional compensation of Jones to the sum of money for ball bearings. Thereupon, the costs for arbitrators should be taken into account. For the improvements of business relationships, there should be an obligatory agreement between two sides as of the Business Valuation Expert in Mediation (Pratt & Niculita, 2007). On the other hand, Bramson should also take into account possible profits which can be gained after the process. Winning in the litigation process may provide a participant of the trial with more money, than in arbitration (Brunet, 2006). Thus, Bramson may guess whether to make it easier and faster or to promote a long-term process with more benefits in financial outcomes. Looking at the intentions of the plaintiff there should be immediate actions, so that, first, to confirm the lack of defects in ball bearings, second, to provide the procedure of money delivery by Jones. This is not a one-day process and may take more time, perhaps. Nevertheless, the Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain) (2005) outlines that “neither party shall be limited in the proceedings before the arbitrator(s) or the court to the evidence or arguments previously put before the DRB to obtain its decision, or to the reasons for dissatisfaction given in its notice of dissatisfaction” (3). Thus, the necessity of arbitration in the above-mentioned case is
Introduction Apart from providing the most precise test results, laboratory workers need to take care of other crucial issues. In Al Rahba hospital, much attention is paid to eliminating issues regarding ethics in the workplace. In particular, such endeavors are implemented in laboratories. Data gathered and processed by lab workers may contain highly personal facts that the customers would not like to share with anyone. Therefore, Al Rahba laboratory employees are specifically instructed about the significance of duty of care and ethical considerations at their workplace. Duty of Care in the Laboratory Settings Standards of good care should be in the first place for any medical worker in general and laboratory employee in particular. People’s health and sometimes even lives depend on how qualified the services they receive at healthcare establishments are. There are four dimensions of duty of care that are interdependent and interconnected: the employer’s duty of care to patients, the employer’s duty of care to the staff, employees’ duty of care to each other and themselves, and staff’s duty of care to patients (1). In the laboratories of Al Rahba hospital, attention is paid to all of these kinds of duties of care. Managers and lab workers cooperate to provide the best results and perform their responsibilities with a conscientious approach and proper accountability. A laboratory worker has to fulfill a number of duties to be considered a competent and reliable employee:   * it is necessary to be engaged in a continuous education process and pay attention to the newest methods and technologies;   * lab workers have to provide their services at the highest level expected by customers and stated by hospital regulations;   * all employees should know safety regulations and be able to detect any inconsistencies, as well as react promptly and avert the possible dangers for themselves and customers;   * lab technicians and assistants should keep their records accurately and consistently; all data should be well-organized and easily accessed by authorized individuals;   * all laboratory work should be performed by the people assigned; a duty may only be delegated if another person’s competency to perform it does not arouse
Introduction The ArcGIS Server technology is an important innovation, which has enhanced geographical activities. ArcGIS server technology offers a suitable platform for delivery or sharing of GIS resources to users in different locations. Resources like maps can be efficiently delivered to a wider community by using this technology. Users can access and view the maps either using the internet or ArcGIS Desktop. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Web-based electronic maps delivered to end users using ArcGIS server technology. Electronic maps shared using ArcGIS are advantageous in the sense that they can be shared across an enterprise through the web. The issue of convenience is greatly enhanced by ArcGIS technology, thus making the end users to access or receive the maps at their own convenience. The maps are centrally managed and offer users with up-to-date information. From another perspective, web-based maps delivered using ArcGIS supports multiple users. This is because a common platform is used, where the maps can be accessed by different users simultaneously. Maps delivered through ArcGIS are beneficial in the sense that the user is able to gain access to the GIS functionality. The user is able to interact with the map, like finding the closest restaurant, school, hospital, or bank (Esri.com 1). Fig 1. Web based electronic maps (Esri.com 1). ArcGIS server technologies enable Virtualization in delivery of web-based maps. This reduces costs of ownership, thus making the maps relatively cheaper. The technology facilitates faster application delivery of the maps. The availability of the maps is higher since they are shared under a common platform where users have access. It should be noted that the maps have inexpensive disaster recovery options, since the security levels of the storage is high. The issue of quality cannot be underestimated, whereby web-based maps delivered through ArcGIS have of higher quality. Finer details can easily be seen in the maps thus making them more relevant to users. The level of flexibility in using the maps is high, whereby new machines can be added for more clients as well as change of system configurations to adapt to new demands. The maps can easily be customized and are robust in regards to data loss or system crash (Taylor 6). Fig 2. Web based electronic maps (Esri.com 1). On the contrary, Web-based electronic maps delivered through ArcGIS are sophisticated and not user friendly. People who are computer and internet illiterate may face challenges in using the maps. With the rising cyber crimes and terrorism, the maps are not secure and can be easily vandalized. This is because they are easily available on the internet, thus unauthorized users may interfere with them (Esri 7). Fig 3. Web based electronic maps (Esri.com 1). Conclusion ArcGIS server technology is a great revolution in the geographic field, which has facilitated the delivery and access of web-based electronic maps to a wider community. Thes
Discussion We are in the center of culture clash where two different opinions of women compete. Both sides agitate for equal rights, opportunity, education, and protection under legislative frameworks. One side of the divide consists of radical feminism gay and lesbian supporters. Others advocate for sexual liberation. These categories of feminists are united in the belief of existence of many children and little sex. An increase in amount of sex, risks rise in number of babies and possible rise in risk of sexually transmitted diseases. Supporters of this ideology request easily available abortion, contraceptives, condoms, sexual freedom and sex education for children without permission from their parents. There are also those who oppose radical feminists as they support perspectives that guarantee the welfare of women, children and society (Butler 52). This paper explains the concepts and ideologies relating to gender roles and sexuality. as advocated by John Money and Judith Butler. John Money Concepts and Ideologies Relating to Gender Roles and Sexuality John Money introduced the new way of interpreting the term gender. He divided components constituting an individual sexual identity as; internal and external organs, gender identity, genes, hormones, and gender roles (Warnke 89). Gender identity describes how individuals internalize their senses of their own sex (Warnke 90). Gender role on the hand, explains how an individual’s culture portrays sexual identity. Despite pointing out elements that form our sexual identity, Money pointed the possibility for an individual gender identity varying from their biological sex. In essence, a female may posses a female sex, but a male gender identity and vice versa (Warnke 95). Money had absolute commitment on sexual liberation; a fact that influenced his thoughts on gender. His views accommodated attitudes sympathetic to inter-generational sex. He also supported sex change operations and worked with individuals with sexual development disorders. He was keen about baby boys delivered with deformed genitals. He campaigned for treatment strategies that required a boy with such deformity to be surgically altered to establish outward look of a female; and given female hormones when they reach adolescence. Money thought of sex as critical to development of individual’s personality (Warnke 95). Growing up without a sex organ, he believed, would be scary. The affected boy could never engage in sex as a male, but are able to perform sex as females under his protocol. Money believed in social construction of children’s gender identity. He was convinced that if society regarded this boy genetically male, and surgically altered as a female,
Recap for the story Mr. Gordon having taken his lunch would not hesitate making a trip to visit his friend who lived two miles away. He decided to walk instead of boarding a vehicle. His walking stick as well as Tommy his tinny dog was his companion and they moved together each time he was going somewhere. Leisurely, he started taking a stroll. He couldn’t avoid whistling as it had become part of his hobbies. Tommy followed waged its tail as a sign of peace and enjoying the company. After taking few steps he could see people forming in different groups creating some kind of discussions. At first, he found it looking awkward but he decided to ignore them and continued with his journey. After all they were discussing their private matter which was not in his interest. It took him less than an hour to reach Zamri’s house. The cool and serene environment of his friend’s compound seemed to tell him Mr. Gordon that everything was okay. It gave him an assurance that he could feel at home. As usual, Zamri was standing at the balcony of his house relaxing after some trimming the edge of his fence the whole morning. He welcomed his friend warm heartedly and after giving him a seat at the visitors’ room, they began to chat. However, that day Zamri seemed to be out of conversation. Something clicked in Gordon’s mind that all was not well with Zamri but he decided to keep it to himself. After some few minutes they could hear people screaming from everywhere as they moved towards Zamri’s house. Tension grew among them and Mr. Gordon could not figure out what was going on. In about one minute, Zamri dashed to his store and came back with a sword and started making threat towards his friend Gordon. Left with no choice, Gordon had to flee. Zamri having come from the Tutsi community and Gordon from Hutu, he could now get a clear understanding that something had been unearthed, tribal disparities. Identity based conflict Identity based violence has been a common phenomena in the world today. It is surprising that Zamri and Gordon had been friends for a long time and yet one day Zamri decided to attack his friend who had played him a visit in what seem to be an organized ordeal. This incident happened in 1994 during Rwanda genocide that led to extermination of close to a million people. In many cases, identity based conflicts are deeply rooted in the history of the people (André and Platteau 43). However, they emerge at one particular point and once uncovered, they become explicit and people come openly and start fighting, a situation that comes as a surprise to many people. Facts behind identity based conflict Identity based conflict occur due to diversities in the interests and needs. Identity based needs usually occurs as
Product liability entails the part of the law in which producers, distributors, and traders who break the bulk among others who are involved in the whole process of availing the products to the public are held accountable for all the bad effects those products may have on the final consumer. The consumers laid up by the faulty manufactured goods can opt to take legal action against all those involved in either the manufacture of the products or the suppliers depending on the nature and type of defect. A Product is said to be defective if its safety is not guaranteed. A product is not just as flawed because there is a safer version in the market, so defective tests must be carried out to verify whether the product is defective or not. The implication is that whether a product is defective or not the persons to verify this goes beyond just the consumer and the manufacturer because the products can get damaged during storage or even transportation (Robert,2004). Basing on that argument all those involved in handling the product must be brought together when performing the defective test. In doing this, a court will have to take factors such as in what way was marketing done, were there any manufacturers warnings, how should the product be used, and was the product supplied at the right time into account. Some consumers may use a producer’s products especially the imported ones and then get injured as a result and that is why the law considers the factors such as the uses of the product and warnings into account. A consumer therefore can take legal action under the act to pay damages in case of demise or personal harm. However, in as much as these regulations have been put in place to cover the consumers against exploitation and injuries, it is not always the case because the consumers at times end up being victimized or suffering as a result of these regulations. We will take a critical look at some of these habits and what effects they have on the consumers. Medical litigation and its shortcomings Medical unprofessional conduct is a result of carelessness or by leaving out certain crucial procedures by doctors or other medical practitioners. In other words, they digressing the accepted standards of professionalism in the medical context and hence end up causing injury to their patients. In the medical unprofessional conduct cases, there is usually the patient who is the plaintiff or their lawyer in case of death. The medical care provider is the defendant. The plaintiff must establish that a legal duty was owed, that particular duty was breached leading to the injury suffered. He/she should also show evidence of damage. During the trial, the verity finder renders a verdict for the party that prevails. The assessment of compensation and disciplinary damages are carried out within the strictures under the instructions of the judge. Expert testimony is required before the final judgment is made. The expert must be highly qualified by the court standards. He/she must have varied knowledge and experience as far as the case at hand is concerned. The expert’s testimonial must meet certain set standards set by the court. The judge han
Introduction The motion to suppress evidence can be used when the materials used in the case were obtained without permission from their owners or a search/seize warrant. The invoking of this law could be successful in both instances. In Truant’s case, the motion to suppress evidence would be justified by the unlawful searching of his phone, which was done without the presence of an attorney or consent. In the case of Badboy, there is also a high chance the motion will succeed, because the law enforcement agencies have broken into the defendant’s house without a warrant and used the collected evidence in the case. Statement of Facts Jason Truant, a student at Sacramento Valley High, is suspected of planning to blow up his school. The man’s ex-girlfriend was tipped off about his behavior and notified the authorities. Truant was pulled over while fleeing the school premises in a car, and his phone was seized. The reason for stopping him was texting while driving a misdemeanor. The man’s right to remain silent was evoked, and the defendant requested an attorney. The police immediately searched the man’s phone without a warrant, breaking the fourth amendment. During the search, messages sent to his classmate, Eric Badboy, were found. The messages contained general descriptions of the two’s non-specific plans which prompted the police to investigate his involvement. Upon searching Badboy’s house, also without a warrant, the officers found a bomb and bomb-making equipment in the basement. Eric was not present at his house during the search, as he was at the gym. Badboy since then has stated that the bomb was for a science project and a joke, made without the intention of blowing up their school. The two men were charged with conspiracy to commit an act of terrorism based on the evidence collected. The suspects have been granted separate trials, and their respective attorneys are trying to use the motion to suppress evidence. Discussion The Motion to Suppress evidence is a procedure applicable when the defendant’s constitutional rights were infringed while searching their person or property, making it possible to disregard said evidence from the trial. Utilizing this motion, the defense attorneys can prevent “the use at trial of property illegally seized” (Gloistein). As a result of the officers searching and confiscating Truant’s phone without a warrant, his defense attorney can try to make the court unable to use them (Office of Indigent Defense Services, 2002). The complications may arise from the fact that the officers can attempt to prove probable cause, using the defendant’s flee from the school as the basis for suspicion. Probable cause is used to justify an arrest or search without a warrant and is ultimately determined by the judge. The student’s attempt to flee may be considered as an indirect admission of guilt and a c
Introduction Carbon fiber consists of fiber of about 5 to 10 μm in diameter made of mostly carbon atoms. Carbon fiber is made from mainly Precursor and other materials. Polyacrylonite constitutes 90% of the carbon fiber produced while 10% is from rayon or petroleum pitch (Kroschwitz, Jacqueline & Howe-Grant, 1993). In some cases polyacrylonite is mad from ammonia. The carbon content of carbon fibers is between 93% and 95%. Location where Carbon fiber is produced About 50% of the world’s carbon fiber is produced in Japan and more than 60 % used in the United States. Toray Industries in Japan is the biggest producer of carbon fiber. In the United States, Zoltek is the company that produces carbon fiber and its products in largest quantities. Environmental concern due to production of Carbon Fiber Production process of carbon fibers, expose workers to health risk. Processing of carbon fibers sometimes result in wearing off forming dust particles. The carbon fiber dust pollutes the air and may cause the quality of surrounding air to be poor. It becomes dangerous when the concentration of para-aramid fibrils is high in the air. These particles irritate the skin when exposed and come in contact with it. When sizing is being done, the materials used for coating fibers may cause severe reaction on the skin of the workers because of the chemical content. Machinery, Labor and Infrastructure for producing Carbon fiber Production of carbon fiber has been highly mechanized over the years. Currently production process is done using robots because of the temperatures and chemicals involved in the processes. Recently, only machine operators have worked in the factories which process carbon fiber and so the labor cost has been relatively reduced (Brady, George, Clauser, & Vaccari 2007). Carbon fiber is manufactured through combination of chemical and mechanical processes. The following are major steps involved in processing of Carbon fiber. Spinning-Polyacrylonile plastic polymer is mixed with certain chemicals in large containers and heated in the presence of some catalyst to form a molten viscous liquid. The molten solution is then pumped into a chemical bath (to form a polymer jet). This occurs is specially made jets. Carbon fibers are formed through solidification process. Spinning of the solution results in the formation of atomic structure of carbon. To achieve this at optimum levels highly instrumented machines are used to enable multi-component melt-spun precursor fibers. Stabilizing -The Carbon fibers are heated in presence of air to rearrange molecules bonding. This process transforms the linear polymer to a ladder structure which makes the polymer thermally stable. This is done by heating carbon fiber in air to about 200-300 o C for between 30 to 120 minutes. Carbonization-Since spun fibers will burn if brought to high temperature, oxygen free (Argon atmosphere) furnace is used to heat to a temperature of between 1000 o C and 3000 o C for some minutes. Heating the fibers makes the atoms to vibrate until nitrogen and other non carbon atoms are removed from the fibers. This process results in formation of long chains of carbon atoms (See append