ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Most people during the Victorian era valued the virtues of society. Victorians believed that they were fixed and certain as guiding behavior to people all the time. The virtues included morals that one can be judged according to his behavior. Any betrayal of ethical standards was termed lousy behavior and could deserve punishment. These beliefs have become misguided, undesirable, and inappropriate in modern America (Schlereth, 2018). They have shifted to values that no longer have classical ideas of wisdom, justice, courage, or cleanliness (p. 691). They have become sexual connotation where people practice prostitution and other immoral behaviors. In previous years, there were low rates of crimes that have continued to rise. Victorians practiced moral principles in their lives, which maintained good morals and behavior. Currently, morals have changed and translated to destructive behaviors that contribute to higher rates of crimes (Schlereth, 2018). Victorian speaks about morality and the best ways of devising it. In modern America, a character has been substituted, and most youths indulge in immoral behavior. In the Victorian era, women were illiterate, immigrants were not socializing with others, while now women are educated, and immigrants share ideas with natives. Men used to work for wages and get involved in politics while women engaged in domestic work and childrearing. In literature, each era had a different theme according to the way we understand life (p. 693). The Victorian era focused on industrialization, imperialism, domesticity, and cultural identity (Schlereth, 2018). Modern literature focused on the theme of loss, despair, and politics. Victorian era, most people were Christian and valued religion heavily compared to the current American. The Victorian era and modern American have similarities in how the people live in the two ages. In the two generations, people practiced moral behavior cherishing virtues in society. The two value the social, economic, and political life, and the individuals participate in them (Schlereth, 2018). The eras impacted the world of literature and changed people’s lives on how they see literature (p. 695). For examp
The foreign exchange market also called the Forex market is a global business set up to help in currency exchange. Global traders depend on the foreign exchange market for currency conversion throughout their endeavors. Speculators participate in the trade with an intention of making a profit out of the spread between the exchange prices of a given currency pair. The trade involves converting currency into probably a foreign one when the relative rate is low. On converting the foreign currency back, one either incurs a loss or gets a profit. This depends on the currency conversion rate at the time of converting back the currency (Wamg, 2009. p. 133). The foreign exchange market exhibits fluctuations thus being volatile. Only traders who use the peak points of these fluctuations as entry or exit points make profits. Traders and scholars in the field claim that one of the safest ways to participate in the trade is by taking the trend of the market. The final decisions made depend on the nature of the predictable future trend. This helps to minimize the chances of incurring losses. The business requires a close track of the trend for maximum profits. For instance, if a favorable trend appears to stabilize at some time, most likely it will soon be falling. It is advisable to take the profits at this time or else risk the loss (Berg, 2010, p. 138). Most people opt to invest in this trade instead of holding excess currency. This is a wise decision although risky as it can easily lead to losses. Investing $10 in foreign exchange can result in significant profits. It is though wise to convert currency into several different currencies. This guarantees success in case the trend reverts unexpectedly (Wamg, 2009. p. 137). In this regard, I choose to divide the amount into three portions then convert the three into different currencies that have shown a favorable trend for the past three days. I would have $ 3.5 million of the total amount converted to Mexican Peso. This decision follows an evaluation of the trend of the currency pair in the past three days. The historical exchange rates graph for the USD/MXN indicates a falling trend meaning that the selling price is falling with time. On the other hand, the MXN/USD graph features an upward trend. Therefore, converting the cash to Mexican peso then reverse back to US dollar yields profits as depicted here (Berg, 2010, p. 138). The gain over a three-day period would have been as follows. Converting $3.5 million would give 49.0161 million of the Mexican Peso. Converting the currency back after three days, we would have $ 3.50188 million hence a $0.00188 million profit. The period considered here is between May 28 and Ma
Distinct forms of balance and mobility impairments in people of advanced age increase the risk of falling. Nowadays, researchers and practitioners distinguish several interventions that may potentially help reduce that risk and improve patient outcomes. Strategies are usually chosen depending on the overall health status of the patient, his or her individual characteristics, cost-effectiveness, and so on. The key intervention selected for the given evidence-based improvement project will focus on cognitive-behavioral change in older adults. According to Zhao and Wang (2016), physical exercise can “improve motor function, the ability to balance, the ability to walk, and the stability and posture of the elderly” (p. 28). Therefore, the effectiveness of physical activity programs in the prevention of falls in older adults cannot be overestimated. However, to achieve better outcomes, the intervention should also address such fall-related factors as attitudes and environmental factors. The suggested program will thus aim to teach patients to modify those factors. In their empirical study, Cho et al. (2015) used a behavioral intervention that consisted of eight two-hour sessions, which participants attended once a week for two months. The early sessions focused on “individual behavior and mindsets with an emphasis on decreasing the fear of falling and increasing participants’ confidence to prevent falls,” while the later sessions were about instructing individuals on environmental aspects of falls and modification of physical environment in order to “reduce risk factors for falling and learn exercises to increase balance and strength” (Cho et al., 2015, p. 2). Since the intervention proved to be efficient in fall reduction, it can be advisable to implement the same program structure in the selected setting. The physical training workshops will take place in the long-term care unit and will be delivered by two trained and certified coaches who will use detailed manuals and instructional videos to ensure the course fidelity (Cho et al., 2015). The sessions will be conducted in multiple forms, including group discussions, lectures, and practical activities. The size of the class will comprise 8-12 older adults. The average cost of group-based interventions for the high-risk population is the US $423, while multi-factorial interventions are almost twice as expensive and cost nearly $721 (Church, Goodall, Norman, & Haas, 2012). The total amount of expenditures may include training and instruction materials and technologies, as well as payment for coaches’ time. Additional costs of approximately US $400 per person may be required for staff training. Moreover, a few thousand dollars can be invested in the development o
Executive Summary The key problem, faced by this organization is inability to overcome the vestiges of bureaucratic culture. We have identified the following problems:  1. lack of employee initiative and motivation;  2. poor customer service;  3. slow decision-making;  4. failure to establish performance appraisal system. While discussing the problems of this organization, we have referred to several research articles and case studies which examine similar problems. These sources have enabled us to propose long and short-term recommendations that can improve the functioning of this organization. Short-term recommendations  1. To carry out reader survey in order to better identify those areas that require improvement. The customers must be asked to evaluate various aspects of library’s work such as 1) library collection; 2) time management; 3) the use of technology; 4) helpfulness of employees; 5) the use of space.  2. To interview the employees of this public library and ask each of them to suggest methods of improving the work of this organization.  3. To install display units so that the readers could see the new books and periodicals.  4. To install self-check-out units so that readers could take books on their own. Long-term recommendations  1. To develop new methods of performance appraisal. In particular, they need to focus on the individual contribution of each employee and his/her professional skills and competences.  2. To simplify the workplace hierarchy and eliminate the barriers between the top administrators and frontline personnel.  3. To provide regular training to the employees so that they could be aware of the best practices, adopted in modern public libraries. These recommendations can help the administration of this public library to attract and retain readers. Discussion of the problems faced by the organization This report is aimed at analyzing the problems of the public library in which my client works. Judging from the interview with her, I may argue that this organization has to cope with such difficulties as slow decision-making, lack of employee motivation, and poor customer service. Yet, they seem to originate from organizational structure and culture of this institution. In particular, we need to speak about bureaucratic form of management which significantly slows down the functioning of this public library. It should be noted that these problems are typical of many public libraries that cannot adjust themselves to the market economy (Kinnell & MacDougall, 1992, p 22). At first, we need to explain how bureaucracy manifests itself in this organization. There are many definitions and interpretations of this concept; however, it has some inherent characteristics which are as follows:  1. inability of the frontline pe
Introduction In the current day, the resistance to antibiotics is very common in the bacterial isolates across the world and especially in the developing nations. According to Okeke, et al (2000), regular keeping an eye on antibiotic resistance offers data for the “antibiotic therapy and resistance control” (Okeke, et al, 2000, p.1). It is pointed out that “normal intestinal flora are a reservoir for resistance genes, the prevalence of resistance in commercial E. coli is a useful indicator of antibiotic resistance in bacterial in the community” (Okeke, et al, 2000, p.1). The researches that are conducted on E. coli are of certain significance for the reason that this species can inhabit a number of niches, animal as well as human hosts being included. Moreover, it is also pointed out that “E, coli strains efficiently exchange genetic material with pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia and Vibrio species as well as pathogenic E. Coli” (Okeke, et al, 2000, p.1). The focus of this paper is to look at E. coli and its resistance to antibiotics. E. coli: General Information E. coli is a bacterium which is mostly found in gut of the warm-blooded animals. There exist various types of this bacterium as being part of the normal flora of the human gut and some of them serve various functions that are of benefit such as vitamin K2 production. A larger number of E. coli are not harmful to human health. However, a type of this bacterium known as serotype 0157:H7 can bring about food poisoning and can turn out to be a great threat to human health. There are other types which can cause serious infection to human beings which include; “serotypes 0104:H4, 0121, 026, 0103, 0111, 0145, and 014:H21” (medicalnestoday.com, 2011, p.1). The symptoms of infection by E. coli are, in most cases, exhibited within three to four days after exposure to these bacteria. The common signs and symptoms include; abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever and fatigue. After being infected by E. coli 0157:H7, an adult person who is healthy is able to recover within a period of five days to one week. But on the other hand, the people with weaker immune systems including young children, the elderly people and those who are sick can experience kidney failure, a condition referred to as “haemolytic uremic syndrome” (medicalnestoday.com, 2011). Characteristics This bacterium is a “gram negative”, non-spore forming rod. The organism may either be mobile or immobile. E. coli is a facultative anaerobe and facilitates fermentation of the simple sugars like glucose in order to make up acids such as the acetic, formic and lactic acids. The most favourable conditions for its growth are a temperature of 98.6 0 F (Hi-tm.com, n.d). E. coli is regularly detected by “serological tests based on detection of somatic cell walls (o), flagellar (H) and surface (k) antigens” (Aggarwal, 2007, p.19). This bacterium has a single circular chromosome. About 90 percent of the genome “represent functional ORF while 10% of it contains regulatory sequences”(Aggarwal, 2007, p.19). E. coli life cycle The life cycle of this bacterium is fast in relative terms. It carries
Introduction Racial and ethnic diversity is a constant not only for North American society but also a hallmark of the US higher education system. The given statistics show in this regard a twofold trend. On the one hand, there is a marked increase in the representation of racial and national minorities at different levels of the US higher education organization. On the other hand, in the system of higher education, there remains an insufficient representation of significant minority groups and, above all, African Americans, Hispanic and Native Americans. It should also be noted the preservation of the dominant position of white Americans both at the level of obtaining university and scientific degrees and in the structure of the faculty. The article’s purpose is to statistically and quantitatively analyze the racial battle fatigue framework for racial microaggressions among Latinos. The primary hypothesis is that Latino students are the main victims of racial microaggression in higher education institutions. The research question is how the given group experiences pressure due to the battle fatigue framework. Methods The main statistical technique is structural equation modeling, which allowed the researchers to identify key determinants of the battle fatigue framework. Data were collected by conducting campus surveys, where more than 400 members of all ethnic communities were selected as participants (Franklin, Smith, & Hung, 2014). Primary measurements were made on their level of psychological stress due to the racial battle fatigue, which is the result of discriminatory microaggressions. Results The results claim that they are the most psychologically pressured group due to racial microaggression. It is important to note that the given study did not
The British luxury fashion house Burberry used to be the traditional provider of luxury goods in clothing, shoes and accessories, fragrances and cosmetics items. The history of the firm dates back to 1865, which presupposes the reputation of the traditional brand. In many ways, the company, famous for its recognizable checked pattern, for a long time has stuck to the conservative designs and patterns, and rather simplistic motives. Those factors created the impression of ubiquity that does not correlate with the items advertised and perceived as luxurious (Ahrendts 40). Thus, this paper’s objective is to analyze the strategies used by Burberry in the rapidly developing and highly competitive industry of luxury goods from the perspective of the ideas method framework. The definition of the main problem With the new CEO Angela Ahrendts entering her post as the highest paid CEO in the UK, the policy of the company had to face some alternations (Petroff par.3). The ubiquity of the products was the main issue. Following this direction, the new management, including, Ahrendts and her team had to ask themselves, why the products that on the outside seemed to preserve their main features, like trenchcoats that had not changed their design for years, were not popular anymore. On the one hand, the core customer appeal was the same, but the company growth according to different sources was 2 to 5 % (Hass par.3). The problem with universal marketing appeal is always that it aims to find customers among everyone in general and no one in particular. Such strategy can show itself as an effective one in the case of the mass-market brands but the level at which Burberry aimed to sell their products has its different special demands. As rather an expressive brand, the company is to be able to offer something that other cheaper equivalents cannot. This objective can be achieved by means of finding the unique strengths of the product. Ideas method: strengths and improvisation According to the framework of the ideas methods, there is a number of ways how. Some luxury and niche manufacturers give up on any mass production and make each their products unique and customized. However, for Burberry, it would mean a shortening of the production (McDowell par.1). Such a step would be drastic for the production, especially, considering the fact that the Burberry Group h
Critical Analysis of the Heathrow Terminal 5 Project Terminal 5 (T5) was officially opened in the London’s Heathrow Airport in 2008 with an objective to increase the airport’s capacity up to 95 million passengers annually (Chan 2012). At that, the intended capacity of T5 was 30 million passengers each year ( Towards a sustainable Heathrow 2011). The key challenges of the project during the initial stage were insuring the timely delivery of investment and balanced distribution of risk among the suppliers (Kerzner 2014). During the midpoint, the timely delivery of funds through investment continued to be the major complexity due to the existing uncertainty in the global economy drawing at this point to the upcoming economic crisis (Kerzner 2014). Another remarkable challenge at this stage of the project completion was insuring that all stakeholders engaging in this megaproject would finish their work on budget and on time (Boardman & Sauser 2013; Towards a sustainable Heathrow 2011). At the end of the project, the main challenge was to identify problematic areas in the terminal functioning and for this sake, a stress test procedures continuing for over a year were held both by the contracting employers and other stakeholders (Bridger 2013). Some researchers feel that the success of a megaproject is closely connected with the two major factors – collaboration among various groups and system integration. The review of the evidence from a row of scholarly sources suggests that the two factors are positively the most important to the success of any megaproject because without effective group work, practical holism, and convergence, such comple
Student : So our interview is about partnerships, and the first question that we are going to look at is, what is the current state of your school home partnership at your school? So is there any link between school and the parents? Principal: Yes, we have a link between school and the parents. We have the parent council, they were chosen by the social worker and they participate in activities, events and in taking lessons when teachers are absent or they have workshops, they even participate in the trips. Student: So do you think it’s a strong link between the parents and the school? Principal : Yes, in my school, it’s strong, we can consider it in strong term Student: So, what tools can be used to design a framework or consist school partnership with the improvement of relationship between the parents and the educators, is there any enhancement, like for now we all use the Whats app to communicate, we are going to look at that but do you think there is any other professional tools like application that we could use? Principal : We have first of all the meetings, we have three meetings in a year, each semester one, it will be academic meeting for the parents and then we have the SIS, which has the, it’s a way of connecting parents by e-mailing but through the program and not another one. Also we have application and today, it is for SMS messages to the parents. Student : Is there anything that you think we could enhance this, are there method or approaches that would enhance the parents’ school partnership? Principal : Yes, I can do some questionnaires for them to see what they need and analyze the questionnaire to see what I ca
Abstract This paper investigates the subject of social media consumption among the older Australians. However, the phrase ‘older Australians’ will be confined to people who have attained 65 years and above. Social media is a recent development that is most popular with younger people, yet recent trends show that older people are joining these platforms to connect with family members, former colleagues, and for general information. The research will highlight key motivations for the adoption of social media among the older Australians. The paper will also present the barriers that such people face in the process of adopting the social media services. Introduction The internet has changed the way people interact and communicate. The social media is a 21 st -century phenomenon that is highly popular with young generations. However, just like other technologies, older people are often the last to adopt new technologies. This case is true as far as the uptake of social media by senior people is concerned. In Australia, many younger people are technologically savvy. They are the first to adopt new technologies including social media. However, the older Australians are catching up with social media consumption. They are increasingly joining social media platforms. What motivates the older Australians to join social media? Are there any barriers that they encounter in the process of joining the various social media platforms? This paper seeks to answer these questions. Search Strategy A search strategy involves the processes and approaches that researchers undertake to guide them in the process of identifying and obtaining the most appropriate and relevant sources to rely on for a given research topic (Blumberg, Cooper, & Schindler, 2014). In this research, the first approach will involve framing the research questions in the right and specific way to eliminate ambiguities. This strategy ensures that the search focuses on specific variables that are identifiable from the research question (Blumberg et al., 2014). Secondly,