ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union is crucial to the tourism business across the country. There are many implications that Brexit will have for a variety of UK-based companies, and a lot more are unknown due to the uncertainty surrounding the post-Brexit legislation (Miller 2016). The effect of Brexit on the tourism industry is controversial, as it will provide both opportunities and challenges to businesses operating in this sector. In the present report, I aim to focus on the impact that Brexit will likely have on hotel business overall and its operations. It will show how, despite the overall growth of the tourism industry due to Brexit, hotels may struggle to survive due to severe employee shortages and foreign workers’ taxes. Overall, the report strongly indicates the need for governments to address the issue of foreign workers in certain industry areas that rely heavily on EU employees. Growth of Tourism The general state of the tourism industry in the country is crucial to the success of hotel businesses as they are the main providers of stay for visitors. The UK is already experiencing an increase in tourism due to the fall in the pound, which was caused by the results of the Brexit referendum (Cox 2017). For instance, Allen (2017) writes that Official reports showed there were 37.3m visitors to the UK in 2016, which is 3% higher than the previous year and the highest number in the historical records. The industry anticipates further growth as the flight booking numbers at the beginning of 2017 were up by 13% comparing to the previous year (Allen 2017). The government is also focused on supporting the growth in tourism as part of its post-Brexit development plan. For example, the government intends to facilitate cross-country travel, introduce more flexibility to tourism employees training programs, and enhance the B&B regulations to allow for better customer service (Rhodes & Ward 2017)ю Supporting agriculture, which may be impacted by the change in funding schemes, is also part of the post-Brexit plan (Potton et al. 2017). The success of the agricultural sector is essential as most hotel chains rely on local suppliers for food and drink resources. Despite the number of opportunities discussed above, there are also some potential problems that may affect the hotel industry. For instance, some anticipate challenges to transportation development due to Brexit, such as an increase in flight fares and the halt of the HS2 speed rail line (Butcher 2016). It is also unclear as to what will happen to the agricultural funding after 2020 (Potton et al. 2017). All in all, the tourism industry is likely to grow in general, resulting in an increased demand for hote
Abstract Migration is what sets this world’s societal tendencies apart from the society of previous centuries. Of course, it is hard to deny that contemporary people are seeking the best ways to live and the most comfortable places. This is the prior reason they chose the United States’ democracy as a variant of making the lives better. It is a well-known fact that Spanish, Japanese, etc. immigrants feel going home from home because the US is a melting pot, a very diverse country, there are thousands of communities formed by different nations, and due to this circumstance there arouse burning debates as per the language they have to speak at school and other official institutions of the United States. Namely, whether the issue of mandating immigrant lean English is that simple, whereas learning English for qualifying for American rights in full dimension might entail overall changes in American culture. Introduction An immigrant is a person who travels to other country in order to stay there permanently. Immigrants usually face a lot of factors that start disturbing their identities much at the beginning and sometimes the concern of the issues does not disappear until the end of life. It is important to understand that migration and obtaining other country’s culture is always a hard and effortful process. Among the problems an immigrant has to overcome are cultural differences, homesickness (eventually), and language barrier. Even if a person has been studying English for years in his/her native country it is impossible to claim that he is not to face the language barrier because once a person gets into the foreign verbal environment cultural shock is inevitable. Therefore, it is necessary to help a person – who decided to contribute their own life to the foreign country – to adopt and adjust to the traditions, language usage, and environment in general easily. Within the problem of communication and language issues it is important to denote the notion of language policies that in some cases imply not the best side of American hospitality. However, generally they are aiming at a balance of cultural diversity throughout the country. There
Public policy is the counteractive measures taken by the government to solve a problem (s) affecting its citizen and hence improve their lives. Normally, policies address industry and business problems, security problems and other social problems like crime and poverty. This paper investigates the roles of the three branches of the government in policy-making. A deeper look at the functioning of the U.S. government would reveal issues the general public have no idea of their existence. The general view of the functioning of the government in making and implementation of policies is that the Congress makes laws which are in turn implemented by the executive and applied by the courts. However, this general unders
This work is devoted to the issues of negotiation in business. The concrete case discussed in this work has given me opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge that relates to the field of negotiation in practice. The work demonstrates how important it is to have necessary background in negotiating in order to succeed in business. The work is divided into four parts, each of which is devoted to a separate task I worked on. Car Purchase The practical case that we worked on was the negotiation about car purchase. Despite both sides had interest in bargain, it was necessary to discuss the price and find a compromise so that each side will be satisfied. My group was in the role of a car buyer; consequently, the task of our negotiation was to reduce the price as much as possible. We developed out strategy based on this goal. My group was interested in a car with the following characteristics:  1. Automatic  2. Eight months registration  3. Air conditioned  4. One owner  5. Six cylinders  6. Excellent condition  7. Holden Commodore 2005 The tentative price was $12,500; we had opportunity to work with one of the groups and discuss it. We started negotiation trying to convince a seller to reduce the price. At first, our groups were setting the good rapport. However, we expected that we would meet some resistance, which turned out to be true. A group welcomed us and communicated in a friendly and polite manner; however, they had the purpose to keep the price on the level of $12,500; this could not be a good buy for us. Our offer was $10,000, which, in turn, did not meet their interest. Finally, our negotiation led us to the compromise: another group offered the price of $11,250, which met our expectations, and we agreed. It was interesting experience that gave us opportunity to use our knowledge in negotiating in practice. We had a strategy that had worked well, and our team had achieved our goal. E-Mail Negotiation When working on this task, we had opportunity to feel how e-mail negotiation differs from that carried out in the first case. On the one hand, it is somewhat simpler, as you do not see your interlocutor and have time to think; on the other hand, you have no opportunity to get implicit response from another side, and it is difficult to influence their decision. We fulfilled the task in the computer lab; each team had a separate computer: the way we communicated was sending e-mails to each other. My group was a representative of HHA (Him and Her Australia), and another group was a representative of BFM (Beijing Fashion Manufacturing). The focus of negotiation was production of clothes for summer 2010-2011: we had to discuss such conditions as price, quantity and time. Our request was to:  1. Increase the quantity to 16,000 units;  2. Reduce the price We got the following conditions formulated by another group:  1. Increase the price  2. Give more time After we have negotiated the conditions in several e-mails, we agreed on the following conditions:  1. Plus 5% for price  2. Delivery of goods to Sydney in January annually. Our group was satisfied with the result. Bestbooks Publishing Company In this case
Executive summary Coca-Cola has a long history that allowed the company to optimise its operations and achieve success on a global scale. Its operations and inventory management are rooted in a framework of operations management that is targeted at increasing the value of shareowners over time. This is done through the continuous cooperation with business partners that help the company distribute its products through a global system of brands. The key to the company’s inventory and operations management is a three-way collaboration between key suppliers, Coca-Cola, and customers that deliver beverages to end consumers. Introduction and Background Coca-Cola is a world-renowned brand that produces non-alcoholic beverages. It was first created in 1886 by a chemist Dr. John S. Pemberton, who first used Coca-Cola (at that time, it was called Cola) as an oral medication. However, after Asa G. Candler purchased Coca-Cola, the shift in the marketing tactics led to the domination of the beverage in the non-alcoholic beverage industry of the twentieth century (Figure 1). This was accomplished through the incorporations of the Coca-Cola company in 1892 and the expansion of the distribution of the concentrated syrup used for making the beverage. First marketing efforts were associated with giving away free vouchers on drinks and equipping pharmacies with soft drink fountains that had Coca-Cola branding on them. Today, Coca-Cola is available to people in more than two hundred countries, while the company expanded the selection of products and now owns four hundred brands (Feloni 2015). Figure 1. Coca-Cola growth (The Coca-Cola Company stock split history n.d.). Operations Management at Coca-Cola Operations management encompasses a range of procedures associated with the use of available productive resources, the system or production, design, product management, supply chain management, as well as other processes. Mostly, operations management is needed for considering the acquisition, development, and use of resources (including materials and ingredients) needed for delivering a product that customers desire. Coca-Cola, being one of the most popular companies in the world, has a complex operations management system, which includes a network of bottlers and production and distribution systems. Thus, operations management at Coca-Cola is done with the help of multiple players. The company “does not own or control its bottling partners,” which means that the system operates through multiple channels ( The Coca-Cola system 2016, para. 2). Coca-Cola manufactures and sells “concentrates, beverage bases and syrup to bottling operations, owns the brands and is responsible for consumer brand marketing initiatives” ( The Coca-Cola system 2016, para. 3). However, when it comes to the production of the soft drink and other products that the company owns, it is Coca-Cola’s bottling partners that play the fin
Positive Psychology has been defined as the scientific study of strengths and values that are necessary for realizing happiness by individuals and communities (Lopez & Snyder, 2002). This newly found psychological field seeks to ensure that members of the community lead fulfilling lives by revealing their best inner-self thus improving their experiences. Positive Psychology involves three major concerns; the first is the establishment of positive emotions in an individual (Lopez & Snyder, 2002). This concern encompasses study to establish ways of making individuals more contented with their past, living a happy present, and instill hope for the future. The second concern is cultivating positive individual traits which entail the study of an individual’s strengths and virtues in life (Mruk, 2006). These virtues include the ability to moderation, love, self-control, wisdom, and compassion among others. The last concern of Positive Psychology understands positive institutions (Lopez & Snyder, 2002). This study is mainly concerned with the strengths crucial for realizing better communities like parenting, leadership, responsibility, teamwork, and civility among members of the human community. In a bid to realize positive experiences, Positive Psychology requires individuals to live a mindful life marked with the search for wisdom, acceptance, patience, openness kindness, and generosity (Mruk, 2006). These are seen as quite crucial virtues in dealing with depression and chronic pains among other psychological problems. To realize rewarding experiences and enhance skills in our day-to-day involvements, positive psychology recommends undivided devotion and having a sense that time is not on our side while executing duties (Mruk, 2006). Spirituality has been established to be a vital factor in helping individuals understand the purpose and meaning of life. On realizing a positive future, positive psychology requires enhanced self-determination that one can accomplish a task on his or her own (Lopez & Snyder, 2002). This eliminates depression, a key element that negates one’s value for life. The attitude of attributing one’s failure to external causes which are neither permanent nor universal has the advantage of enhancing performance and personal relationships with others. To win the future, positive psychology calls for hope or having a goal-oriented mentality in life (Mruk, 2006). This field, therefore, seeks to define sustainable happiness in life through training and capitalizing on one’s strengths rather than weaknesses. On a point of critique, positive psychology does not seem to respect the natural cause of failure in an individual life (Lopez & Snyder, 2002). Still clear is that it does not recognize the influence of other people in attaining happiness in life. It is thus a collection of ideas that might never be realized in reality. However, understanding and applying psychology can greatly improve one’s life. By living
The author’s main claim consists in the fact that less consumerism is good. Indeed, people are too obsessed with material values that prevent them from cognizing the essential aspects of happy and ethically right life. At this point, the author’s thesis is correct because most of the materialistic tendencies distort people’s perception of life purposes. At the same time, some evidence is too broad to build a cause-and-effect chain explaining the negative influence of technological advancement on the quality of human life. This is of particular concern to the items of material culture that signify symbolic importance. To enlarge on the argument and make more effective, the author provokes emotional appeal to the readers. The author successfully appeals to personal experience to uncover the realities and underscore the validity and ethicality of his argument. Specific attention should be paid to a detailed description of his previous house and its comparison to his current apartment in which the minimum of items are presented to sustain a normal lifestyle. His personal experience is closely intertwined with facts and evidence he has found during observations and personal endeavors. While describing situations form life, the author refers to an emotionally colored language to highlight people’s excess focus on stuffing their houses. At the very beginning of the article, the author provides a detailed description of what he had before he sold all the things from his previous apartment. In subsequence passages, the author explains what made him abandon his “consumerist” lifestyle. In such a way, the author underlines the detrimental ef
Introduction Many people have different, unpleasant views on Islamic culture. What they do not realize is that Islam is a great source of enlightenment through the contributions of Muhammad in fields such as science, philosophy, and even the arts. His contributions to science and most importantly, to education have had a great impact on the culture of Islam, especially towards education systems. When Muhammad was sent to Arabia, the Islamic people were lagging on education but within his first ten years in Arabia, Islam had widely spread even to borders such as in China. He unified Muslims and instructed them to study to attain knowledge from the experiences of others for their benefit. This was the basis under which Muslims were inspired to study and enlighten the world on scientific subjects such as philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and architecture. Many Islamic scholars joined hands and analyzed Greek science as they made corrections on it. As science advanced in Islam, they produced a very outstanding mathematician, Muhammad, who founded algebra which was later introduced to the western countries (Ahmad, 1997, p. 1). Muhammad’s contributions Muhammad had many contributions to Arabic science and eventually worldwide. His development of algebra resulted from the way he solved equations, both linear and quadratic. One of his major contributions was algebra where he developed basic ways of operating equations. He also wrote a book for the same which has been translated into many languages with the unique copy of the Arabia version being kept at oxford since then. He wrote this book on algebra with much encouragement and support from the Caliph to help people in solving real-life situations such as inheritance issues, trade, and surveys. His work motivated significant advances in Arabic mathematics as some other authors developed and published books under his name. This entire concept was some sort of a revolution since the Greeks had always believed that geometry was the only essential concept of mathematics. Another major contribution by Muhammad was on arithmetic which was as well written in the Arabic version. Through his work on arithmetic, Arabic numerals were introduced to the west which was based on the numeral system of the Hindus and Arabic. Indian mathematics was therefore introduced to the western countries which had a superiority complex over Islam for many years. Muhammad also developed the use of Hindu astronomical tables for determining the movement of the sun, the moon as well as planets. Islamic astronomy was completely changed due to this development which helped the Muslim astronomers who had been, for a long time, relying on other people’s findings. Muhammad also produced the trigonometric tables which consist of sine and cosine functions (Robertson, and O’Connor, 1999, p. 1). Besides, algebra and arithmetic, Muhammad made major contributions to the geography where he produced a book showing the appearance o
Introduction The themes in the two novels; Franz Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’ and Joseph Conrad’s ‘The Heart of Darkness’ are influenced by some existentialist thoughts and beliefs. According to Kafka and Jarvis (9), existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the need for one to understand that destiny can only be chosen rather than predetermined. Here, existentialism means that every individual should be able to decide for oneself on the basis of the greatest truths, which cannot be determined by others. Additionally, existentialism encourages self-sufficiency or independence and momentary existence among individuals by stating that the only moral thing is that which exists and becomes useful at the present moment (Kafka and Jarvis 12). On the other hand, the philosophy of existentialism posits that a stark or self-determined individual may experience anxiety, and as a result, one may resort to isolation and despair (Kafka and Jarvis 14). Therefore, this essay reviews the theme of colonization or limitation of one’s existentialist ideas as depicted in ‘The Metamorphosis’ and ‘The Heart of Darkness’. Here, the essay compares how the theme of colonization is captured in the novels, and goes ahead to explain the techniques employed by each author in conveying the theme. Furthermore, the essay addresses the use of imagery, language, structure, and characterization by each author. Overall, colonization is portrayed as a destructive force that alienates individuals from their existentialist ideas and beliefs. Summary Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’ depicts colonization as a form of estrangement that forces man to separate himself from other humans by working under dehumanizing circumstances. In his work, Kafka uses a character known as Gregor Samsa who at a relatively young age finds responsibility in supporting his family, and thus, he is unable to work his way out of the situation. Furthermore, Gregor is forced out of a love life, which according to Kafka (9), would have given him the opportunity to experience intimacy by coming closer to a fellow human being or alleviat
In her article for The Intercept , Naomi Klein (2018) criticizes the idea that it is the fault of society and people as a species that the attempts to stop or reverse climate change did not work. The author targets The New York Times article by Rich (2018) who explored while the global climate crisis was not addressed in the 1980s when politics and science aligned. The thesis of Klein’s (2018) article is that the failure to resist climate change should not be equated to the short-sightedness of human nature but rather blamed on fossil fuel companies that were directly involved in the shaping of policies to end climate change. The rationale for the author’s argument is centered around the premise that it is wrong to praise the political and economic system of the 1980s while blaming people for the inability to make changes in their lives. Klein (2018) presented evidence to support her argument against Rich’s (2018) article. The author explained that the development of policies on climate change was made with the participation of fossil fuel companies (e.g., tobacco companies coming up with anti-smoking policies). Similarly, companies that make a profit from sourcing and selling natural resources cannot be responsible for environmental improvement policies. Rich (2018) mentioned that the 1980s were characterized by conditions that could have never been more favorable, however, the author disagreed with the statement. Klein (2018) argued that the decade was focused on the capitalization of the society and liberating free markets. The author wrote that “what at first seemed like our best shot at lifesaving climate action had in retrospect suffered from an epic case of historical bad timing” (Klein, 2018, para. 10). Events like the signing of the free trade agreement, the privatization and deregulation during the Reagan-Thatcher regime, the science-based global treaty in 1988, and others represented the bad environment for climate improvement. When it comes to checking the author’s credibility, the presented facts are correct, but Klein (2018) made her conclusions regarding their role. Thus, the signing of the free trade agreement is usually considered a positive event that will facilitate societal and economic development. However, the author sees this event as a barrier to integrating climate-improvement policies due to the focus on the money aspect of affairs. Since the author underlined the idea that politicians and global companies were only concerned with the perception that they did something for environmental preservation, she presented the facts in such a way that they would bear negative undertones. When conducting its empirical analysis, Klein (2018) traced out a pattern of flaws that existed in the argument that it was human nature that failed to reduce the development of climate disasters. The author asked such questions as what happened? Who is to blame? What is the impact of these things? By aski