ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Companies have various marketing tools at their disposal as they try to formulate their marketing strategies. This research paper will analyze some of the five separate marketing options that can be applied namely advertising, personal selling, public relations, promotions, and sponsorships (Kerin & Hartley, 2009). The paper will rank them according to their effectiveness. The research paper will finally offer a formulation for a marketing strategy that can be applied in successfully branding, offering a position statement and competitive advantage for a new wine product. The fore mentioned marketing options that can be used all have different strengths and weaknesses. The first option, advertising, is most vital for any business as it offers a company the opportunity to increasing and sustaining sales and revenues (Mercer, 1996). Advertising gives a company the opportunity to use various mediums such as print, radio, internet, and television to reach and persuade potential consumers on the need to buy the product. Brand image and brand loyalty can be enhanced through use of advertising and this will form the key components of any company’s advertising scheme. The advantage that advertising offers companies is its ability of reaching more customers and sustaining existing ones. Companies can use advertising to also improve their brand image and enhance brand loyalty. The main disadvantage or weakness of advertising is that it is expensive to carry out a successful advertising campaign, as it requires companies to invest a substantial amount of their resources (Kotler, 2009). Personal selling is another important marketing option at the disposal of companies. Personal selling is defined as a face-to-face selling where a customer is persuaded by a seller to make purchase of a product or service. One of the major advantages of this method is that the person selling the product has a direct communication with the potential buyer and can thus structure his strategy to suit different customers. The interactive nature of this approach offers an effective method of creating relationships with clients and customers. It also offers a practical option for reaching people who might not be reached by other methods applied in marketing. One of the major weaknesses of this method is that it has a high cost-per-action since it requires a company to employ sales staff. Training the sales staff is also expensive and can be a major deterrent to companies adopting this strategy (Kotler, 2009). Public relation as a marketing option is important to companies because it promotes the company’s goodwill to the public, customers, and employees. It is defined as the actions that will be taken by companies or institutions to promote its goodwill between the society and itself. The major strength that lies in this approach is that it helps to establish the credibility of the product or service. It also helps to divulge more information about a product to the target group. The activities carried out during the public relations campaigns may be picked by media outlets and thus help in promoting the product. The major weakness of this strategy is that it over
It is now many years since the birth of Anne, a poet who is commonly known as Anne Bradstreet. Even though it has been long since her death, Bradstreet’s poetry has been a center of admiration, as well as critical acclamation following her line of work. Such a scenario granted Anne Bradstreet a chance to be one of the most remembered poets in American poetry. Along with Adrienne Rich, Emily Dickinson, Bradstreet have played a significant role in the American poetry as female authors who rose against the odd at a time when women were seen as not fit to compete with the men (Kenneth 18). Anne Bradstreet has been known to be a respected poet in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. However, during her time women were considered inferior when compared to their male counterparts. It was assumed that the level of intelligence varied between males and females with the females being seen as less intelligent. For this reason, the place for woman was considered to be in the house whereby they were supposed to do household chores. However, in spite of all these beliefs, Anne Bradstreet rose to be a respected woman in the early days of the Puritan community. Anne led a religious way of life, whereby she was responsible to her loving husband and children. Nevertheless, being a female poet of that time, Anne’s work was highly criticized by many people, such as Ivy Schweitzer, Philip Round, and Patricia Pender. In her poems, Anne use sarcasm in her justification of the poetic career, as well as offer critics on the sexism that existed in her life. For example, in Bradstreet’s poem, ‘The Prologue,’ she writes, “My obscure verse shall not deem their worth.” In this sarcastic statement she implies that even though her verse might be obscure there is some weight attached to it that will definitely affect the men. She points out sexism when she writes, “If what I do prove well, it won’t advance, they’ll say it’s stolen or else it was by chance…” This serves to show the extent of sexism in her career as a woman writer (Wendy Anne Bradstreet’s Poetry 14). According to Ann (375), most of Anne’s work of poetry was used in expressing the conflict that existed between the poet’s religious stand concerning critics, as well as the societal role of women, along with the desire to craft a
Executive summary Amazing Ideas is preparing to market its sport shoes product line, the Hi-Lo Runners, in a maturing Australian market. The market is very attractive due to the continued growth despite the increasing competition from foreign manufacturers and renowned brands such as Asics, Reebok, and Adidas. Although the Australian footwear industry is declining, the new shoe models are becoming popular especially in the younger population. The company can compete effectively because the Hi-Lo Runners it offers are well positioned with unique features and cheaper prices. The company has strengths and opportunities to exploit and avoid weakness that could disadvantage the strategy. The company will target specific market segments and exploit the opportunities arising from the high demand of Hi-Tops. The marketing objective or the plan is to attain a 10 percent of the market share in the coming year while the financial objective in the plan is to raise profitability by 20 percent through sales. This can be realized through a marketing strategy where opportunities are the key drivers and problem solving is part of it. The 4Ps marketing mix that is to be used should align with the recommendations drawn from the competitor and product reviews. This gives an insight on the most appropriate way to win the competitive advantage desired all along. Current marketing situation Amazing Ide
Prominent aspects of the disease Hepatitis is a group of infectious diseases involving liver inflammation with viruses. There are five types of them with A, B, and C being the most widespread. Hepatitis C is a viral disease caused by infection with the virus called HCV that makes hepatocyte cells inflamed and damaged. Hence liver cells lose the ability to filter the blood and absorb carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (Foung & Baumert, 2019). Viral hepatitis C can be found both in chronic and acute types. No medical service can provide an effective vaccine against HCV nowadays because of the rapid mutations processes and numerous genotypes swiftly adapting to the immune system. The modes of transmission include contacts with infected blood or contaminated instruments; the virus is often transmitted from a mother with HCV to a child (Ghany et al., 2019). HCV is a common reason for liver cancer, cirrhosis, and liver transplantation. Current data and statistics related to the disease Hepatitis C is supposed to be the most common disease caused by a virus and transmitted by blood in the United States. The prevailing genotype among US citizens is genotype G1 (75%) (Ghany et al., 2019). According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Ghany et al., 2019), about 3,700 cases were reported in 2018, with 3 million people infected in the U.S. More than 70 million people from all over the world are suffering from HCV. According to the most recent data, the total number of deaths in the U.S. officially approached 16,000 people in the year 2018 (Ghany et al., 2019). Approximately 500,000 people die from Hepatitis C annually. Health disparities related to the disease The incubation period usually lasts from two weeks to six months. The main danger of this form of Hepatitis lies in the difficulty of diagnosis at an early stage for a complete absence of symptoms or insignificant manifestation. Besides, such symptoms are “disguised” as signs of other diseases. Patients may experience fever, decreased appetite, fatigue, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, and jaundice (Ghany et al., 2019). Some psychological symptoms as depression, anxiety can also be added here. Prevention strategies including complementary and alternative health therapies The World Health Organization elaborated a set of instructions on preventing Hepatitis C. The recommendations are as follows: providing safe injections in the provision of medical care, testing donated blood for HBV and HCV, drug addiction treatment (Ghany e
The principles of democracy and equality have been established in the world only recently, in the 20 th century. It is important to say that before that period, terror and barbarism were governing the world; however, such issues as slavery and colonialism used to be the reality of developed countries in spite of the unnatural essence thereof. The 19 th and 20 th centuries, though demarcating the beginning of a modern, civilized era (especially in the advanced and developed Western Europe), still manifested the largest-scale expansionist endeavors of the West towards the Middle East and North Africa. France and the British Empire were distinguished colonizers at that time, and the relationships of these countries with their colonies were specifically distinct from international relations existing in the rest of the world. The power of colonizers was so strong that the Western countries, by means of exploring, researching, and documenting their findings about the East, have managed to create an artificial, stereotyped system of concepts regarding the East – Orientalism. It appeared in the 19 th century as a separate scholarly study dedicated to Orient; scholars researched people living there, their traditions and customs, their dressing, their language, personal and family relationships, etc. As a result, Orientalism grew to represent the Orient as seen by Westerners; nevertheless, it did not render the Eastern reality, since it did not correspond to the realistic Eastern context, and manifested only the prism of Western perception. As a result of these processes, an assumption about the tendency of Western artists to create political propaganda supporting violent occupation and subjugation of inferior cultures by the West appeared. There is a common opinion that the majority of Orientalist works in the 19 th and 20 th century were initially made with the intent to promote colonialism and superiority of Westerners over Easterners. Since there is a conflicting body of knowledge and evidence on this point, the issue needs further analysis in support for it, or in opposition to it. The starting point in the analysis of Orientalism has traditionally been the reference to the work of Edward Said, Orientalism . This book has become a turning point in the assessment of Orientalism, since before this publication it had been considered a positive phenomenon in the history of East-West relationships. It was Said (1978) who revealed the true nature of Orientalism as an invented, made-up term, system of concepts, scheme of dominance, that allowed Westerners to explore the East without even being there. As the author noted at the beginning of hi
Introduction College education is a level of learning where by someone is prepared mentally and psychologically to face the world. In most cases, a college student is mature enough to face the challenges that can come across during this stage of learning. The maturity comes from having passed through primary school level to high school level hence giving the student enough years to think wide. After this level, some students get jobs or others decide to further their education. According to me, this level of education should not be free since it can result to so many issues that can slow the expansion of education. For instance, if the college education were free, many students would relax knowing that they have all the time to study. This relaxation can lead to many students ending up aged since they do not feel the pinch in paying the fee. The rest can also lead to the crowding of students in their premises. Lack of paying fees in colleges can also result to lack of quality education. Backing this factor, I would like to state that if the college education were free, the rules and regulation would not be fully adhered to giving the student room to indulge in many unwanted behaviors. After indulging in those behaviors, the students would not have enough time to study hence ending up
Art has a major role in human lifestyles since it makes lives to be infinitely amusing because of the visual richness it presents. The graphics have great impact on entertainment, for instance current detailed patterns on clothing or paper work, games or carvings are equally favourable due to the unique and stimulating special artistic treatments. Art is a stimulant to different portions of the brain, causing different reactions such as excitement or confusion. The most crucial part of design lies on the ability to produce unique entities through unlimited creative minds. It provides a platform for distinctive and independent personal expressions. Conclusively, art therefore causes human beings to be extra thoughtful and comprehensive, by playing a huge role in real life through its diverse provisions for imaginations. All the functional items around human life are art by nature and they are all aesthetically attractive and functional. Diversity of art means that it is in a perpetual state of transformation or subjectivity, because it may bring out a different meaning among unlike minds especially due to existence of form as well as content. Art is thus made of form and content. Form is the existence of elements, principals, and the physical elements of art and design, that an artist uses in his/her production. The ability to scrutinize any piece of art enables one to pick out some form of uniqueness. Regardless of the physical location, language or design period, every artwork has form. The spaces, colour, value or lines are elements of art used to bring out some principals such as contrast, balance, proportion or emphasis on some physical materials for instance hessians, canvas, paper or glass, using paints and brushes among other equipment. Content is the unique idea or meaning that the artists want to portray. Content also comprises of the audience reaction to the intended message as individual entities. People react differently depending on feelings or believe and therefore, some aspects such as age of a piece of artwork, religious believe, political standings, or societal regulations influence the content of art. What are the “elements” of art? Scientifically, elements are minute substances or atoms, which combine to form something complex. Borrowing the same definition, the creativity elements of art comprises of lines, colour, shapes, texture, form, value, and space. An artist has to mix a number of elements using various standards of designs, to come up with a distinctive piece of
Inequality has always been one of the main distinctive features of any society. The appearance of the pattern when one group or social class possess more authority than another was preconditioned by various reasons, starting from religious and ending with economic ones. At the moment, the inequality between representatives of different social groups still exists. The shift of priorities and reconsideration of the value system resulted in the evolution of the opposition between the urban working class and the growing middle class. Therefore, the appearance of differences between these groups is caused by the rise of democratic, socialist, and other movements combined with the tendency towards the concentration of funds in the hands of businessmen. For this reason, the modern inequality might be considered a great problem as it impacts the state of people, their well-being, incomes, and the quality of lives. Therefore, there is even the tendency towards the further sophistication of the situation, and the gap will even become more significant. The inequality between the distribution of capital and labor should be considered a unique feature of the new era, which determines the way people live and earn money. The unfair distribution of funds was already peculiar to early industrial Britain. The picture Capital and Labor perfectly demonstrates it. It provides a viewer with an understanding of the great gap that existed between working and noble class. In the upper side of the image, we could see people enjoying their lives. They spend time in leisure, lying on pillows, drinking wine and being assisted by servants. People in the bottom of the picture experience numerous hardships. They are sick, hungry, dilapidated and unhappy. They also live in horrible conditions. Analyzing the picture, it is possible to understand the great gap that existed between different social classes at that period of time. Besides, the image also demonstrates the peculiarities of the industrial revolution that occurred in Britain. We could see miners who manufactured the main resources needed for the rise of this phenomenon. However, their labor remained insecure as they were not provided even with the basic remedies needed to improve their working conditions. Moreover, a person who enjoys the exotic Indian splendor could be taken as the symbol of great colonial dependence of the British Empire. Its prosperity came mainly from India and other colonies that were used as suppliers of raw materials needed for the development of different industries. As for me, I consider that this picture has a great symbolic meaning. There has always been a certain pattern according to which wealth and power are distributed among people that belong to the same society. A certain social class parasitized on the representatives of another one because of status, religion, or other concerns. There were slaves, servants, or just workers who guaranteed the beneficial and prosperous
Introduction Chen et al (2005) in their paper titled “Prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric symptom clusters in the U.S, adolescent population using DISC predictive scales” have estimated the 12-month prevalence and co-occurrence of symptoms of specific mental problems among US adolescents (12–17 years) by age, sex and racial/ethnic subgroups and have concluded that mental health problems among U.S. youth may be far more common than previously believed, although these symptoms have not yet reached the point of clinical impairment. Heller et al (2006) in their study titled “Helping to prioritize interventions for depression and schizophrenia: use of Population Impact Measures” aim to demonstrate how population impact measures may be used to prioritize alternative treatments for psychiatry. Population impact measures refer to the estimation and prioritization of potential benefits of interventions in specific populations. Heller et al (2006) have studied the implementation of best practice recommendations for preventing depression and schizophrenic and conclude that population impact measures can be the key to deciding which intervention works best in a given population. The two studies taken together complement each other. Summary I Though adolescents are found to suffer from several kinds of mental disorders, there is very little information regarding the actual prevalence of various psychiatric disorders among adolescents in the general population. Many studies have been conducted in this context such as those of Turner and Gil (2002) and Costello et al. (2003) National surveys also provide some epidemiological information but they have a lot of limitations such as small samples, or samples from clinics or institutions; overly specific research foci; and screening questions either limited in number or not closely aligned with DSM diagnostic criteria. Hence there is no adequately reliable information regarding what are the mental problems that adolescents face and to what extent. Moreover, there is no information regarding ethnic group specificity of mental health needs that would be needed to design subpopulation specific mental health interventions. To overcome such limitations and estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in the general U.S. adolescent population, Chen et al (2005) have found that the best way will be to include in national surveys of the general population structured diagnostic interviews or selected screening items or scales of symptoms of psychiatric problems that have high predictive value for diagnosis. Though this may not lead to actual diagnosis of disorder, it can help to identify those people at high risk and also help in identifying differential patterns in important demographic groups, including age, gender and race/ethnicity. Chen et al (2005) have estimated the prevalence and co-occurrence of specific mental disorders among US adolescents (12-17) years of age, sex and racia
Introduction Pericles, a leader and respected man in Athens, was a skilled orator. His literary work had a significant impact on the people of Athens even after he died. During his time, Athens was occasionally at war. With the successful defense of the city, it was required that an honorable burial be conducted for those who had died. A speech from a respected figure was also required. A monologue by Pericles, which was a speech at a funeral of some of the dead soldiers, is one of the most renowned pieces of oratory work in history (Zimmern 16). On the other hand, Sophocles was also an Athenian playwright. His plays were multifaceted and often featured elements of tragedy. In addition, he reflected on honor and victory in his plays (Berg & Clay 46). There are many similarities between his play, “Oedipus the King,” and the funeral speech by Pericles. Sacrifice For The Sake Of the City In the funeral speech, Pericles emphasizes on sacrifice of one’s opportunities for the sake of the city. He considers the city the first priority even in times of dangerous encounters. To show the gravity of his beliefs, he says that it is worth more for a man to die while defending the city than to live after abandoning the cause the people in the city (Zimmern 34). He continues to say that the death of the men being buried was the cost of successful defense of their city. To him, any honorable man must endure this predicament for the sake of maintaining the glory of the city. He continues to say that the dead sacrificed themselves for the city while survivors are ready to fight for it again (Crawley 2). This shows the extent to which a man should go in the cause of defending the city. Pericles says that Athenians must love their city, and no personal gain should make any person refuse to offer his courage for the sake of the city. On the other hand, Sophocles, in the play “Oedipus the King,” emphasizes on the value of the city