ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Salesforce.com is a successful, award-winning company and a market leader for B2B and B2C cloud-based solutions. The history of its development and growth demonstrates the strategic approach to corporate management, high value for customer feedback, and emphasis on research and innovation (Kotler & Keller, 2015). So far, the corporation is an example of excellence in running an online business venture, yet, future may hold multiple uncertainties for Salesforce as the market is highly volatile and the technology trends are not always predictable (Son, Lee, Lee, & Chang, 2014). Thus, in this paper, the case of Salesforce will be critically reviewed from the standpoint of service long-term prosperity. Problems One of the critical issues with online marketing is to attract and retain customers who joined the service recently. The issue has many dimensions such as individual approach, first experience, interface functionality and design, service price, and other elements. A flaw in any of them hampers the company’s potential to maximize the number of customers. Thus, enhancing both the first-time and continuous user experience constitute a crucial problem for a web service. In terms of first-time sensations, Salesforce seems to leave the client with only positive feelings if the client is knowledgeable of the security that cloud services provide. Yet, Goode, Lin, Tsai, and Jiang (2015) suggest that among the user audience of Software-as-a-service (SaaS), there are sufficient concerns over security. Since the company does not provide within-reach information about its security policy, it might undermine the client’s perception of salesforce.com. However, the long-term usage experience seems to be hampered by the presence of hidden options and packages that are not evident from the start when a new user decides to purchase the cheapest service package. Thus, Herweg and Rosato (2018) argue that the delivery of a product that lacks transparency causes negativity towards the brand if unexpected financial losses occur. In light of this, the subsequent problem that salesforce.com experiences are the mechanics of advertising and sales. Deceptive model of behavior orients primarily on naïve customers, which limits the audience coverage of the company. While Herweg and Rosato (2018) note that a deceptive framework allows for greater yields, its sustainability is limited and is not superior to a transparent one in the long
When studying the history of political and legal thought, it is necessary to consider the specific features of the two main cultural worlds that make up a single and, at the same time, different humanity. In the West, rationality triumphs, a stubborn striving for knowledge and reorganization of the world. In turn, in the East, gradual, evolutionary development is more manifested. The West’s superiority in technical, economic, and military-strategic terms has generated in the minds of a certain circle of researchers the illusion of the inferiority of the Eastern world. Only a few years ago, cultural differences between countries began to be analyzed in terms of the difference in people’s thinking (Robson). In assessing the relationship between these two civilizations, the following concept should dominate: eliminating cultural differences is inevitable over time. In logic, the dichotomy is when the scope of a concept is divided into two mutually exclusive classes. However, from logic, this term migrated to other sciences, including social ones. The first and most crucial dichotomy is life and death; the second is the dream of perfect self-realization and the limited life span. The third is the contradiction between the craving for loneliness and the thirst for interpersonal communication. The primary dichotomy of theology and philosophy – soul and body – was the subject of deep reflections by Plato and Aristotle. This is the problem of the relationship between mind and matter, mind and brain. After Rene Descartes formulated it in the 17th century, it laid the foundation for the concept of dualism: according to it, though, a matter being immaterial is radically separate from the body (Marion, 47). There is also an opposite concept – monism, which claims that the body and mind are two different aspects of the same phenomenon that gave rise to them. Origins of ideas about a person striving for maximum self-realization are associated with the theory of A. Maslow. It is one of the most significant theories that has served as a fundamental basis for the study of self-actualization. Researchers of the existential direction develop the idea of ​​the absence of a biologically determined human essence and say that the self is a lifetime structure. For V. Frankl, self-actualization is not the goal of a person’s life but a means of achieving meaning, which is made possible by exiting oneself to gain a sense (SuperS
There is a number of ways to define social enterprises. Generally, they are the non-profit organisations with the purpose of helping resolve various social issues. They operate their business in order to generate revenues which are directed into the foundations working on their social missions. Such enterprises are vital for the creation of community wealth controlled locally and used to stabilise the economies in particular areas. This paper is focused on the exploration of the activities and mission of the social entrepreneurship called Clean Fish. Clean Fish business was started by Tim O’Shea and Dale Sims in San Francisco California in 2004. Both of the founders of the company are interested in ecological wellness of the area and are convinced that the impacts of the contemporary environments pollution of the food we eat could be minimised. O’Shea and Sims are focused on the distribution of sustainable seafood to the tables of their customers. The founders of Clean Fish believe that commercial approach to fishing popular in the modern world is extremely harmful for the environment and is “hoovering up” the ecosystems in the areas where it is practiced. As a result, multiple coastlines and water bodies are under great pressure, and various kinds of sea life are facing extinction and crises. In order to make a positive impact on the environment and provide the consumers with sustainable seafood the company called Clean Fish helps the small-scale fish suppliers to find distributors and, this way, deliver healthy and safe seafood to restaurants, private kitchens and the shelves of supermarkets. The purpose of C
In 1962, Sam Walton founded Wal-Mart Inc that was later renamed Walmart in the year 2008 (Jones, 2011). All through this time, the company has grown from a simple business venture to a multi-national corporation. It is the 18 th largest publicly owned company in the world and has employed over 2 million individuals making it be the leading employer in the world. In the course of its operations, the company has gone through several challenges and obstacles. These challenges have been both external and internal in nature. As a result, it has been able to identify its strengths and improve its weaknesses. Team spirit, proper organization structures, communication, leadership, administration, and organization culture are some of the internal factors that have been affecting Walmart. On the other hand, competition, fluctuating market prices, inflation, poor economy, and the changing needs of consumers are some of the external factors that affect the company. In response, the company has developed a simple and yet effective managerial planning strategy. The company has different levels of planning that aim at integrating the managerial, middle, and lower levels of staff at attaining the goals and objectives of the organization. Before setting up these plans, the company has to consider ethical, legal and corporate issues that have been affecting its operations and the overall effect of these plans (Jones, 2011). At the same time, the management sets goals and objectives that have to be achieved by the plans within a specified time. These plans are thus seen as visionary moves that guide the company to achieve the desired status within a certain time. Having a well-developed plan is one thing, but executing it is another. To achieve the desired outcome, the effective organization has to be put in place. Walmart is well aware of this fact. With its diverse workforce, the company has developed an organizational culture that works hard as a team to meet the needs and demands of their customers. The organization is divided into different departments, each having a specific role to play and goals to achieve. The goals and objectives of each department have been designed in such a way to ensure that the overall goals and objectives of the organization are achieved (Jones, 2011). All through its existence, Walmart has realized that sound leadership is essential to the growth and success of the company. Having quality leadership ensures that the internal and external operations of the company are conducted in an effective and efficient manner. Walmart has a top-down leadership approach. This model enhances communication within the organization
Marbury v. Madison refers to the election of 1800 when the Democrat-Republicans with Thomas Jefferson beat the Federalists and a current President John Adams. In an attempt to retain power, Adams decided to appoint a considerable number of new judges in the last several months of his presidency to carry on his legacy. He passed a law called the Midnight Judges Act, nominated people, and prepared commissions for new judges but ran out of time (Soomo Publishing, 2013). When Jefferson took the office and saw undelivered commissions he ordered James Madison, his secretary of state, to not deliver them as Jefferson did not want Federalists as judges. However, one of these judges, William Marbury, wanted to ask the Supreme Court to issue a writ of mandamus, a mandate, meaning that something that happened in case of his appointment would not be delivered to him. As a result, John Marshall, the Supreme Court Chief Justice, found himself in an awkward situation – on the one hand, he was responsible for the appointment’s delivery and wanted Marbury to be a judge (Soomo Publishing, 2013). On the other hand, he did not want to complicate the relationship of the Supreme Court with a new administration. In addition, Congress served notice that the ignorance of the president’s orders would directly lead to negative consequences for the Supreme Court. Marshall addressed the Judiciary Act of 1789 and discovered that a writ of mandamus had been an expansion of the Court’s power under the Constitution. As a result, he stated that the part of this act was unconstitutional and should be null and void as it conflicted with the Constitution, and the Supreme Court did not have the power to issue a mandate (Soomo Publishing, 2013). Thus, he established a precedent for judicial review that means that the Supreme Court has a unique power to say what the Constitution is, examine laws, and compare them with the highest law of the country to decide whether they are valid or should be null and void. Reference Soomo Publishing. (2013). Supreme Court stories: Marbury v. Madison [Video]. YouTube.
I believe that this course will allow me to become savvier in business-related lawsuits that could be encountered during my future career. It is essential to have sufficient knowledge regarding the legal environment in which a company operates. For example, civil and criminal laws are defined by the entity that was offended (Jennings, 2017). In the case of civil laws, another intricate issue is equity courts that decide fair remedies that are not strictly bound by the common law (Jennings, 2017). There are many nuances that affect the outcome of each business interaction, and unethical behavior does not always equal illegal. While these cases are not defined by law, many companies tend to avoid them to keep their public approval high. Business ethics is a behavior of a company in a situation with dubious practices that might not be restricted by law but can be harmful to its customers and society as a whole. Nowadays, companies prefer to state their social responsibility directly to define how they see their ideal business conduct. One of the most curious and simultaneously outraging cases of unethical behavior from the last year is the case of Nikola’s trucks advertisement. Nikola Motors specializes in innovative vehicle technologies, not unlike the more famous firm Tesla (Morris, 2020). In the middle of 2020, the company had released a video statement that revealed a new technology that was considered a significant game-changer among electric car manufacturers (Morris, 2020). The video with the prototype was staged, and the CEO tried
Introduction “Ideology is the most elusive concept in the whole of social science”, this quote captures the difficulty in defining an ideology (McLellan 1995). We can identify ideologies based on the words used to describe them. People subscribed to the capitalism ideology will use words that express freedom of commerce and market price determination among other aspects of the ideology (Sargent 2009). According to Glebov, Mao Zedong referred to the forceful nature in which leaders have to impose their ideologies on populations when he said, “political power grows out of the barrel of a gun” (1979). Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party that assumed power after an arms struggle. According to Mao, the only way to gain power is to prove you are stronger and defeat the opponent in war (Glebov 1979). Mao Zedong, the Little Red Book and Cultural Revolution Mao Zedong was born in 1893 to peasant parents in China and served in the revolutionary army of china in 1911 (Spartacus Educational n.d.). Mao was a poet and political leader besides being the founder of the People’s republic of China based on his ideologies of flexible pragmatism and visions viewed as utopian. Mao wrote extensively speeches, essays and poems and published 40 poems (Liukkonen 2008). His sayings and attributions are captured in an anthology called the ‘Little Red Book’ that became the main text of the Cultural Revolution. The Little Red Book is also referred to as the ‘Chinese Bible’ or ‘Mao Bible’ (Sachsenmaier n.d.). Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in 1996 while serving his last decade as the Chinese People’s Party leader. He wanted to shift the Chinese ideology development to take a more communist approach. His main aim was to make all social systems in China less elitist, an end he pursued through mobilization and staging of revolutions using urban youths (Fortunecity.com n.d.). He also set up a coalition of loyal leaders to work besides him. The cultural revolution demonstrated the forceful nature needed to change ideological systems in place; however, the cultural revolution brought bureaucratic timidity in the government, as policy makers knew a system change outplaces all previously done work and personnel. During the revolution, in fighting within the Chinese People’s party led by Mao factions and his successor Lin’s factions caused the return of normalcy in the Chinese society to delay fur
The issue of racism, privilege, and inequality fueled by long-existing stereotypes and prejudice remain topical in the society of the 21 st century. In spite of significant improvements over the recent years, there is still much progress to be made, as there remain entire communities that are underrepresented and even oppressed. Today’s human rights movements promote equality on all levels, which is reflected in the open-minded views of the youth. Nevertheless, some of the old stereotypes persist, having been embedded in society for too long. The purpose of this paper is to examine modern views on racial equality based on media representation. The concept of race has been in the center of scientific debate for the past few centuries. In the past, the idea that each race was different on physiological level dominated, but, as the research progressed, opposing views prevailed. In fact, studies show that the DNA of any given human being is ninety-nine percent identical in comparison to the rest of the population, regardless of their origin (Desmond & Emirbayer, 2010). According to Desmon and Emirbayer (2010), this misconception has actually costed numerous lives due to the belief that organ transplantation can only be performed between people of the same race. In other words, all people are the same on the genetic level, as it has been proved by extensive research over the 20 th century. Therefore, the race is not a biological concept but a social construct instead. This phenomenon can be described by the term symbolic category . As Desmond and Emirbayer (2010) say, a symbolic category is something that is “actively created and recreated by the human beings rather than pre-given” and “opposed to the realm of nature and biology” (p.15). According to them, the mere term Native Americans was created by Europeans upon coming to America and subsumed essentially different peoples with their own history and traditions (Desmond & Emirbayer, 2010). The racial taxonomies of the United States distinguish between five primary groups: Native Americans and Alaskan Natives, Asians and Pacific Islanders, African Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians. Desmond and Emirbayer (2010) state that this division is used nationwide, including major governmental institutions, such as the U.S. Bureau of Census. However, the factors, according to which people are attributed to different categories of this kind, are not objective, as they do not have scientific grounds. Nevertheless, the categories mentioned above, already being a social construct, are, in fact, distinct for the United States and do not apply in the rest of the world. For example, in South Africa, racial categories are white, black, and colored (Desmond & Emirbayer, 2010). The third category is the result of apartheid, which was a case of legalized segregation, but it remains in the country’s cultural space un
An Analysis of Nationalism and Imperialism in Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto Karl Marx is a political theorist, who is well known for his liberal ideas in Communist Manifesto . He has significantly influenced political dynamics throughout the world. In the 19 th century, the political world was characterized by nationalism. It involves a sense of love and loyalty towards one’s country. At the same time, the world experienced imperialism. The latter was a diplomatic endeavor that saw countries expanding their boundaries and influence into other countries (Kinzer 57). Karl Marx had anticipated the rise of nationalism and imperialism by opining that a collective experience by a nation will give rise to a distinct ethnicity that will influence other nations. He reflected on the fact that a nation will achieve nationalism by embracing bourgeoise values. In this case, bourgeoisie will be the image mirrored to the world. It will result into what Felipe (91) termed as civilization. Every nation, including the barbaric ones, will embrace an efficient instrument of production and communication. Karl Marx described the future of nations through political centralization. It is a phenomenon expressed through an operational government characterized by a code of law, a single custom tariff, and a uniform class pursuing the same interests. Liberal nationalism was the key pillar in realizing the centralized population. According to Felipe (104), liberal nationalism was a belief in non-xenophobia. It enhanced liberal freedom in the nations. The emergence of liberalism was inevitable due to what Tamir (59) termed as classical liberalism. Classical Liberalism The term ‘classical liberalism’ was coined by Tamir to explain the ‘inevitability’ of imperialism. Classical liberalism was an ideology in the political arena that advocated for civil liberty and political freedom. Classical liberalism movement was realized in the 19 th century. It distinguished itself from earlier liberalism that did not cater for expanding industrial revolution and urbanization. To achieve this dream, a different government with a specific society and a policy to address the emerging revolutions was enacted, hence classical liberalism. The movement was driven by four core principles derived from perceptions of human nature. Egoistic is one of the aspects of human nature that formed the core of this movement. According to the principle, humans are self-centered and only care about themselves. To this end, government was created to shield humans from o
Introduction Learning environment, which support their literacy and language development, are different for every child. Due to these differences in home settings, most children require high standard school and preschool environment and operational basic instructions to provide a successful reading. The general quality of preschool environment and programs has been established as an essential determinant of optimistic impacts on literacy and language skills. Evaluation of many early childhood curriculums have acknowledged the improved value of high-class environment experiences for preschoolers in poverty, with larger impacts from more concentrated and high-quality programs and particularly some noticeable optimistic effects on language growth. This paper discusses the study on preschool’s motivating environment which helps in promoting language and literacy development. This study is very vital for teachers and adults who are creating policy, programmatic, and instructional decisions which usually have change on the preschoolers’ language and literacy settings. Effective reading area Reading areas for preschoolers must be beneficial for them and most professionals prefer the use of truck tires, mattress tents, and lofts (Sawyer, 2011, p.46). Another essential factor is lighting in the reading environment for this age bracket since they are concentrating more on the words written in their books, and some are starting to understand and read them. The best example of effective supply of light is use of daylight and positioning the reading area near the windows or doors. In providing an efficient reading area, it is essential to point