ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Chekhov is one of the most celebrated Russian essayist, short story-writer, physician and a playwright. His works has made him to be viewed as one of the greatest and pioneering short-story writers. As a dramatist he managed to produce four exceptional classics while his superior short-stories are held in high esteem by literary writers as well as critics. Basically, his writings touched on both social and political issues affecting the society. Unlike his previous works some of his recognized writings which principally examined the aspects of power. “Ionych” and “Anna on the Neck”, for instance, candidly depicts the battle involving sexes. The concept of power is decisively illustrated where material power which goes together with rank and social status is pitted against sexual power. Anna on the Neck exposes the fact that beauty can be exploited as a tool of gaining power. Using a simple language and an articulated explanation Chekhov captures the imagination of the society through the use of satire. The conceptions which were employed to examine the supremacy of male or female in the wake of 19 th century are evident in this writing. Therefore, looking at the patriarchal suppression and domination women were seen as powerless. In Ionych he presents a new twist in the manner he develops the story. A young doctor is portrayed as being principally unstable. This is linked to the manner he lost his idealism including the high spirits he had acquired. Money became the central single he became obsessed with. Through an accumulation of an assortment of inconsequential incidents over the years the young doctor had changed. Chekhov sees this change as imperceptible but it had a definitive sway over his life including his relation with others. The replacement of his youthful romanticism with materialistic quest illustrates how the power generated by wealth can cause irreversible damage or effect on either an individual or the community as whole (Allen 107). The two stories paints a vivid picture of how power whether on metaphorical or social reality can be destructive if unchecked. That is why Chekhov utilizes both metaphorical reality and social aspects to illustrate the effects of power. Hence, as the two stories depicts power whether attained peacefully or violently can be injurious. This is well portrayed by the manner the protagonists behaves before and after reaching the apex of their wealth which translates to monetary power. The young doctor, for instance, neglects his clients in the pursuit of wealth while Katya due to the influence and command he had due to his father’s wealth turns down the marriage offer by the young doctor. The style and approach employed by the author exposes the major weaknesses apparent in the protagonist’s lives. Therefore, the central goal which ties the two stories together is the complexity of the power in their individual lives. The aspect of power whether utilized as a metaphor, irony or just plain symbolism reflects the intricate relationship between what an individual cherished and what one attains by gaining influence. Rising to the level of material supremacy as well as the realization
Political science is a contemporary discipline that is related to social science. Today, political science as a branch of the social studies is worked out independently, and the main objects of the discipline are the political systems, state, and governments. Thus, political science is based on definite theories and measurements, facts supported with evidence, and empirical data as any other science. Aristotle is traditionally called the first political scientist. To analyze the relevance of this statement, it is necessary to concentrate on the similarities and differences of the approaches to discussing political science today and during the early periods when politics was examined in the context of philosophy. From this point, there are two approaches to explaining the role of Aristotle as the first political scientist because, on the one hand, Aristotle and his successors did not distinguish between science, knowledge, and philosophy strictly and, on the other hand, Aristotelian approaches to determining the principles of the political science are associated with the modern scientific methods to work with the political theory and practice. Aristotle’s political science from the perspective of the philosophy of knowledge In spite of the fact political science is the comparably new social discipline, it has certain historical roots in the philosophical discussion of the issue of politics. In his works, Aristotle paid much attention to the questions of human nature and morality. The problems of politics were also discussed with references to the mentioned notions. That is why many researchers are inclined to discuss Aristotle’s ideas on politics as the political philosophy or political theory (Kraut and Skultety 2005). However, it is important to note that the philosophy of knowledge in Greece, according to which Aristotle formulated his ideas, was not perceived and developed separately as philosophy and as the scientific knowledge. Thus, Aristotle and the other philosophers determined three types of science without dividing the concepts into philosophical or scientific ones but discussing them as theoretical, practical, and productive sciences. Theoretical sciences included physics and metaphysics, practical sciences included ethics and politics, and productive sciences were directly associated with the definite result, which can be proposed by such disciplines as art and architecture (Lenn and Talisse 2007). Politics belonged to practical science because people should act in their life according to the principles of this science. Moreover, Aristotle used the word ‘politike’ to discuss the ideas, and this word can be interpreted as the ‘political science’ or ‘political expertise’ (Lenn and Talisse 2007). The correlation between the philosophical and scientific notions can be observed with references to Aristotle’s vision of politics as the source for people to achieve happiness. It is important to pay attention to the fact that contemporary political science discusses the connected issues in such fields as political philosophy, political ideology, and p
Introduction Economists believe that the rise and fall in the prices of assets have a strong impact on the real economies of most countries. The change in prices reflects the nature of economic activities taking place in the nation. The associated market dynamics affect the financial position of households and firms. They also inform the formulation of investment and savings decisions in these economies. The duration and magnitude of these changes affect business entities by increasing their vulnerability to shocks (Heath, 2005). In 1993, the World Bank ranked eight high performing economies in Asia. The organization divided these entities into three major groups. The divisions were based on specific uninterrupted periods of positive economic growth between 1960 and 1993. Thailand was one of the countries ranked in this report. However, the economic development of Thailand and other emerging economies in Asia suffered a major setback beginning in 1997. The financial meltdowns had disastrous effects on both the local and the regional economies. Thailand’s real estate bubble was a major aspect of the growth recorded earlier in this country. However, when the economy collapsed, the bubble burst under the pressure. The formation and collapse of this bubble, together with associated economic impacts, will be analyzed in this paper. A Review of Bubble Economies Understanding the concept of economic bubbles is essential in the analysis of Thailand’s real estate boom. A bubble is used to illustrate economic behavior in this case. To this end, economic patterns are compared to a soap bubble. The element is usually unstable since it flows for a few seconds and then bursts (Nabarro and Key, 2005). According to Stephansen and Koster (2005), the ‘bubble economy’ phenomenon occurs when a country experiences a sharp increase in prices in a number of industries. Economists use bubbles to describe companies or sectors of the economy that expand rapidly. The particles rupture when these rising and volatile environments undergo a sudden decline (Stephansen and Koster, 2005). Real estate bubbles occur when the market experiences unusually high volumes in relation to the sale and purchase of houses (Wong, 1998). In addition to the increased sales volumes, the prices of the commodities rise very fast. In the end, the rising markets come to an abrupt end. The buyers eventually disappear, leading to a precipitous drop in the prices of units. A similar cycle was evidenced in Thailand in the mid-1990s. The expansion in the country’s real estate sector induced an economic crisis, which started in 1997. The financial systems of the country, as well as the overall economy, suffered severe setbacks when the real estate industry crumbled. According to Heath (2005), booms and busts in the property sector lead to major banking problems. For example, downward corrections result in profit reductions and deteriorations in the quality of assets (Stephansen and Koster, 2005). Financial institutions and the
Introduction Business process management is a management approach that aims at optimizing and synchronizing all management strategies to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of business. Since organizations have numerous strategies that enable them to perform their businesses, business management process is an effective and efficient management approach that guarantees optimal performance. For a long period, many organizations have been grappling with challenges of enhancing product quality, satisfying customers, delivery of services and goods in time to markets as well as motivating employees to adopt and adapt changing business environments. However, emergence of business process management has enabled many organizations to cope with numerous challenges that they encounter in the process of enhancing their management strategies and performance of employees. Concerning strategies, which enhance organizational performance, management usually encounter numerous challenges because employees tend to resist changes. Bovey and Hede argue that employees undergo reaction process when they experience organizational change that involves four phases viz. “initial denial, resistance, gradual exploration and eventual commitment” (534). Thus, the management needs to understand resistance that employees exhibit when they experience organizational changes and develop effective strategies of counteracting it. Basing on business process management, this report examines challenges that organizations face when implementing organizational change management in employees. Exposition of Concepts Given that a business is a set of activities or processes that aim at achieving certain organizational objectives, business process management is an encompassing approach of optimizing and synchronizing these activities to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization to adapt dynamics of the business world. Objective of business process management is to be certain that all strategies and duties that an organization employs in conducting its business perform optimally in various aspects. Due to diversity of aspects in which business process management is applicable in an organization, different types of frameworks do exist in contemporary markets. As employees are central components in an organization, application of business process management is critical in enhanc
Introduction Often, the terms QC and QA are used interchangeably in the wrong manner. QA is a term that has dominated the corporate industry and world for many years. It refers to the standard that something holds as compared to other things within the same scope (Baker, 2018). It may also refer to the degree or quality of excellence that may be needed to realize efficiency of a product. The critical focus of QA is on aspects such as processes, techniques, approaches, and planning within a specific field. On the other hand, QC may be a portion of the overall quality management scheme that emphasizes or realizes the quality requirements. While QA is based on how a technique is performed, QC focuses on the inspection attribute of quality management. QC should not be regarded as the real alternative in typical quality management processes. However, it may be adopted to test the working efficiency of the adopted QA process. In the case of failure detection within the adopted QA process during the QC inspection test, it is clear that there was an error in the QA process being used (Baker, 2018). Therefore, there is usually a need for the QA processes to be reviewed to establish the cause of poor functioning. This paper aims to analyze the various vital roles that QA and QC play in the maintenance operation, focusing on aspects such as inspection, auditing, safety, and compliance. History of QC and QA Quality has been a focus in many industries from the early ages till now. When Hammurabi controlled Babylonia in ancient times, there were allusions to QC in the code he issued (Baker, 2018). The QC used to be as easy as drawing a picture of the intended object. Tolerance limitations were created around 1840 when manufacturers realized it was impractical and expensive to build items precisely like their portrayal; hence, a design would work provided its pieces were measured to be within limits (Z et al., 2019). As a result, tools like plug and ring gauges were used to quantify quality accurately. Since the dawn of human civilization, people have sought to improve the quality of their products and services. From the standards for ancient Greek structures to the Egyptian pyramids
Introduction Social security and welfare of the Australian populations has become the major issue on the agenda. In particular, the Australian government expressed concerns with the state of the Australian Welfare State due to the constantly increasing unemployment rates, as well as income inequality among the citizens. As a result, the reform has undergone major change to avert the critical situation. A number of political and economic underpinnings, including post-war revival and economic recession, have contributed to the causes of changes. Major Changes to the Nature and Scope of the Australian Welfare State between 1945 And 1996 In simplistic terms, the Australian Welfare State was aimed at enhancing the employment rates in the country after the Second World War. The government introduced social security reforms and provided the nation with conditions that should have allowed them to enhance their financial position and improve the overall economic and social situation in Australia (Keating 1996). One of the tangible changes to the welfare state was greater access of women to various social policy programs and benefit schemes. The government paid specific attention to supporting and reinforcing gains in the sphere of employment and wages (Wiseman 2000). The most notable shifts include expanding public childcare insurance, delivering equal access to income security policies, and creating new entitlements that would meet the needs of women. The changes, however, also affected the institutional state model that introduces new social citizenship that differed from the established male breadwinner model. However, the hybrid structure was inconsistent with the establishment of the conservative government and radical system of wage policies in Australia. Shift to individual rights in Australia is another feature of the welfare state policies that needs to be reconsidered because certain controversies. In particular, adhering to an individual-centred model cannot be regarded a realistic alternative for governing the public sector (Keating 1996). The inappropriateness of the model is explained by inability to adopt the model in Australian context because it had been applied previously in Scandinavian countries. In addition, both the gender shifts and individual focus face certain contradictions in terms of employment, sphere of care, familial ideology, and entitlement. Political and Economic Causes Underlying the Pattern of Structural Change According to StillWell (2005), the emergence of the 1945 White Paper signified “a foundation stone for a post-war settlement between capital and la
Executive Summary The GCC society experiences an increase in the number of children with special needs. It is following such pressure that HKCSN feels the need to provide these individuals with the opportunity to exploit their talents. The initiative provides a partnership chance where brands can contribute to society through cultural learning and artistic programs. HKCSN is a Dubai based initiative, which targets children and families from different nationalities. HKCSN is the first-of-its-kind entertainment and learning center in the GCC, and it offers a wide variety of services to children with special needs using modern technologies. Today, in less than a year since its inception, HKCSN has registered more than 500 members and delivered care to over more than a thousand clients, generating millions in revenues. With rapid demands, HKCSN intends to hire more specialists and improve the quality of services. This strategy is intended to position HKCSN as the number one brand in the GCC region for all nationalities and in support of Dubai as the therapeutic city by 2012. Problem/Opportunity For most families, entertainment, learning, and recreational facilities are the stuff of delightful childhood reminiscences, for instance, the first rollercoaster plunge. However, these facilities can also come with disappointment to many families, for instance, due to height or age requirements. For children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with a disability or special needs, a visit to an entertainment or learning center or an amusement park may present more disappointments. Facilities for children in the UAE, including Children’s City and other public facilities, are not fully accessible to children with special needs, others with rare conditions, or others with mental or physical disabilities. Nearly no facilities for children, for instance, rides are equipped with a special wheelchair for disabled children. Additionally, some kids with special illnesses may have more challenges with long queues or crowded areas, which are common instances in these recreational centers and learning facilities. The idea for Happy Knowledge Centre for Special Needs (HKCSN) came about after looking across the UAE for facilities and places in which other special needs children could learn, interact, have fun, exploit their talents, and get the treatment they needed in childhood. HKCSN established that there was not much in the country. Although Dubai Park strives to be friendly for populations with disabilities, the facilities are not customized to meet diverse specific needs of users (Al Serkal 2014). Some workplaces, parking lots, offices, buildings, or school areas in Dubai are at least somewhat friendly to adults with disabilities, but not for children with disabilities or special needs. Further, the same extent of consideration for offices and other areas has not been adopted into entertainment, recreational, and learning facilities for children with disabilities. For example, an inclusion program may
The evolution of computers was a long process, which started with the emergence of calculating machines. This event marked the beginning of the attempts to create devices intended for performing thinking work (Code.org, 2020). Consequently, the first inventions became more complex, and they were developed by numerous mathematicians, including Blaise Pascal, Gottfried Leibniz, Charles Babbage, and many others (Riggs, 2021). These instruments performed arithmetic operations, and they were further developed and turned into automatic devices. The repeated operations, which were the basis of their functioning, determined further progress. Their use was facilitated by the creation of universal punch cards, binary language, and other technological solutions (Riggs, 2021). Meanwhile, the ultimate digitalization happened after the introduction of an integrated circuit, which connected numerous transistors. This occasion led to a fast evolution of hardware and software, reduced power consumption, and made the computers smaller.
The debate over whether to lower the drinking age has become a controversial issue, with both sides offering reasons and researches to support their viewpoint. The debate was again sparked when Jessica Bush the president’s daughter who is around 19, was caught drinking and using fake identification to buy alcohol. The debate is going on in a number of states, with some states with already formulated legislation for lowering the drinking age which needs to be passed. Examples of where such legislations have been passed are Dakota, Vermont, and Minnesota. However, there are federal laws that will definitely discourage states to lower the drinking age. One such law designed to discourage legalizing underage drinking is that if any state approves such legislation, 10% of its appropriations on the highway will be taken away as a penalty. The argument about lowering the drinking age started earlier when the drinking age was lowered during the Vietnam War. The logic then was if we are letting 19, 20-year-olds fight in Vietnam it seems a little unfair to not let them drink. However, after lowering the drinking age, the number of highway accidents showed a sharp increase and in a knee-jerk reaction, the US government increased the minimum age and placed the earlier discussed penalty on those states which would not comply. However, some material discussed later points out why the best way to keep a check on excessive drinking by 19, 20-year-olds may be to lower the drinking age. This is also a very important issue now when binge drinking by legally underage drinking has become a serious problem. The major argument that should be considered in support