ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Jill is a 25-year-old female who moved to New York from a smaller city several years ago. She is currently working for a company manufacturing sportswear. Being an HR specialist, she has to speak with many people, but she had difficulties with this task. She tried to avoid interviewing people and asked her colleague to complete the procedure because she could not do it. The colleague initiated a conversation as they became close friends. Jill admitted that she had had panic attacks, at least, she thought the emotions she experienced were panic attacks. The young woman told her friend that during a day, she could get a sense of danger, start sweating heavily and shaking, feel shortness of breath and hot flashes, or even chest pain. She had several incidents during a year, so she did not want to interview people as she was afraid that they would see her experiencing such symptoms. During one conversation, she did feel the way she described, and could not finish it properly. Jill did not know what could have been the reason for panic attacks as nothing bad had happened to her recently or in her childhood. Jill had a happy childhood with loving parents who supported her in her projects. She went to a good college and got the job she wanted. She could not understand what could be the trigger for the mental state mentioned above. Since it started interfering with her professional life, Jill decided to see a doctor. The healthcare professional decided that cognitive-behavior treatment would be optimal for Jill. During CBT sessions, Jill described an accident she was involved in, and it turned out to be related to her attacks. During a sports game she played in the street, she was hit heavily. Although she did not fall or injured any part of her body, she recalls crying and having some of the symptoms she started experiencing. She also managed to identify the major triggers of her state, street noise, and the noise associated with accidents (for example, brake sound). Lately, she drank quite a lot of coffee and was nervous due to work overload. Panic disorder (PD) is a common mental issue thousands of Americans develop. For instance, it has been estimated that a one-year prevalence for PD among American females aged between 18 and 64 is 7% (Locke, Kirst, & Shultz, 2015). When analyzing the causes, effects, and possible prevention and treatment methods, specialists often utilize cognitive or biological approaches. The biological approach implies the focus on genetics, anatomy, and physiology when addressing mental health issues (Feldman, 2018). Regarding PD, there is evidence that prefrontal–cortical networks are responsible for inappropriate threat processing (Reinecke et al., 2015). In simple terms, it is believed that the structure of the brain may be the major cause of panic attacks and panic disorder. Jill’s brain can be characterized by hyperactive prefrontal–cortical networks that make the symptoms related to people’s fight or fl
There is no use denying the fact that being a company that tries to capture the market, Tesla Motors devotes great attention to the strategy that could help to achieve the given purpose. First of all, one of the main points of the strategy is the attraction of customers. That is why, Tesla devotes its efforts to various advertisement companies (Ottaway, 2014), trying to increase the level of customers interest and attract more people. At the same time, the company tries to exclude dealers pressure from the process of sales by providing training for sales persons, who will be able to work with customers better. It should also be said that resting on the fact that the sphere of EV could be taken as very cost-based, it is obvious that the strategy of the company implies large investment in the production of EV. It is also obvious that these investments could lead to the short-term profit loss. It is no wonder that the company reported about $184 million loss (Sparks, 2015). Besides, it is possible to state the fact that the company counts on the long-term character of the project and depends on the increase of the level of popularity of its products. Nevertheless, despite the fact that “Tesla’s vehicle unit sales are growing at about 50% year over year” (Sparks, 2015, para. 1) and that in managed to achieve the new record by delivering 11, 507 vehicles to customers ( Tesla Delivers 11,507 Vehicles in Q2 of 2015 , n.d.), the future of the company remains vague as the spending should be compensated for the company not to collapse. Another important point of the marketing strategy is the price of Teslas products which is comparatively high. As it has already been mentioned, its products are bought mainly by people with high incomes. It is obvious that the price markdown could lead to the increase of the demand for products as the current price, which is about $50 thousand is taken as high for other layers of society (Sparks, 2015). However, the price could not become lower because of the peculiarities of the project and high prime cost of EV. That is why, the nonnegotiable price should be taken as a very important part of the marketing strategy of a company. Besides, there are several important aspects that result from the price policy of a company. First of all, it serves as the method to help the company to offset expenses because of the great investments in the process. High price of the EV could also partially compensate losses on the production of the car and help a company to develop. Secondly, the given price could satisfy potential customers of the company by giving them the feeling of exclusiveness. High price of the product, bought by a person, indicates his/her high social status, that is why the given strategy could help the company to promote its products as the part of the luxurious lifestyle. However, high price also creates certain limits as the majority of customers are not able to buy the EV manufactured by Tesla. That is why, it is possible to outline the ambivalent character of the given price policy. Creation of the luxurious image of the EV is vital for the future of the company and could attract new potentia
Shmuel Yosef Agnon, known as S. Y. Agnon, was a popular Hebrew fiction writer. He significantly influenced the development of Hebrew literature by means of the frequent usage of literary techniques. One of his known romantic stories is A Simple Story. He shares his viewpoints on the lives of Jewish people, offering insight into their prejudices, traditions, and culture. A Simple Story centers on the life of an orphan named Blume Nacht. Blume has gone to live and work for her cousins after her mother’s death. Agnon uses two excellent literary techniques to describe the characters and their thoughts. He employs both the stream of consciousness technique and internal monologue. These techniques assist in helping the reader to comprehend the atmosphere of the story and enter the characters’ minds. The story starts with Blume’s mother death. After her mother’s death, Blume needs to go to her cousins, the Hurvitzes, to find support and understanding. However, the only support that she encounters there is housekeeping. “So, Blume lived with her cousins, cut off from the rest of the world. The girls from poor families who worked for the Hurvitzes did not seek her company.” (Agnon 8) With time, Hirshl, the son of Mrs. Hurvitz, falls in love with Blume. However, his mother does not approve of his choice of a poor girl. She thinks her son can do much better. As a result, she finds a wife for him named Mina Ziemlich. He is forced to obey his mother’s wishes. The ideas of love, loneliness, desire, and madness become the central themes in this story. To perfectly represent these themes, the author concentrates on such techniques as internal monologues and streams of consciousness. The internal monologue is a literary technique that aims at presenting the character’s inner life, his/her emotions, and feelings. This technique is used most often to describe Hirshl’s thoughts. Through his monologues, the writer illuminates his feelings: misunderstandings with his relatives, love to Blume, and marriage with Mina. As a result, the toll this takes on Hirshl makes him go crazy. “Once again Hirshl had trouble sleeping. After not missing a single night of sleep since his arrival in the sanatorium, he suddenly could not catch a wink of it. And as bad as his insomnia had been in the first place, its reappearance following a long absence drove him to the verge of despair.” (Agnon 192) Another literary technique used by the author is the stream of consciousness. This aims to describe the character’s life by means of sentence fragments and flashbacks. This technique familiarizes the reader with each character. With the help of such technique, the reader gets the opportunity to relate the characters and comprehend them and their behavior better. For example, Mrs. Hurvitz was pleasantly surprised that “Blume had indeed been taught all the things that a woman ought to know.” (Agnon 7) However, she did not want to pay Blume for housework underlining the fact that “She is one of us, isn’t she?” (Agnon 7) and, it was unacc
One of the world’s largest religions, namely Western Christianity, has very formalized views on other religious movements. The critical theses of such views are canonical, that is, they must be fair and relevant to absolutely all people professing this religion. To put it another way, situations in which a believing individual expresses an opinion about other world religions that differs from the canonical one should be excluded. An excellent question is a discussion of what exactly canonicity entails. As we know, Western Christianity is firmly centered and has a leader in the person of the pope. The papal church has a formalized doctrine, Nostra Aetate, which fully reflects Western Christianity’s attitude toward world religions. Thus, the fundamental tenets of Nostra Aetate are several Christian positions at once. First of all, the papacy recognizes “…the community of all peoples…” (NA, 1). This means that all people were created by God, and therefore considering a positive attitude toward non-Christian religions is legitimate. Nostra Aetate justifies the multiplicity of world religions — whether Christianity, Buddhism, or Hinduism — by the individual’s permanent need to seek answers to the most profound questions of existentialism (NA, 1; NA, 2). Finally, the most critical part of the Vatican Declaration seems to be the direct quote that “…the Catholic Church rejects nothing true and holy in these religions…” (NA, 2). This reflects the central tenet of Christianity that every religion has the goal of bringing the believer into contact with a piece of Truth: the same goal Christianity has. To put it another way, the Western Christian Church, since the signing of Nostra Aetate under canonical law, has had no claims or conflicts with world religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and, most notably, Islam. Reference Pope Paul VI. (1965). Nostra Aetate. Vatican.
Bad survey Questions and their Rewards Research use questions to conduct research. In addition some of these questions may be good bad at times bad depending on how they are formulated.They should not have vague words i.e. Do you consider yourself liberal?, The questions should not use abbreviations e.g. which is the determining factor for GDP growth?, the questions should not use jargons or technical terms e.g. should a strict fertility policy be formulated?, the should not exhibit double negatives e.g. should Kenya not oppose the ICC? The language should not be slang e.g. how do maparoz view the youth? Lastly, there shouldn’t appear any ambiguous phrases i.e. the money laundering policy should not be legal at all(Zikmund 2010). Research questions should be rewarded in a way that they don’t directly lead the respondent to a defined answer. They should give the respondent a clear way to respond very independently. To avoid these controversies the questions should be formed in such away that they start from the least sensitive to those that are most sensitive. They should also emanate from questions that are quite general but geared towards being more specific. The research questions are geared towards finding out about the reality hence there is need to formulate questions which tends to find out about facts to those which tend to seek opinions. Moreover, the questions are again rewarded by placing them in the best sequence and alignment possible. Neutrality in the research questions is a virtue that has to be upheld in the research questions. This allows for independent thinking of the respondents (Zikmund 2010). Rating vs. ranking compari
Introduction In the hiring process, as well as other human resource management practices, discrimination is prohibited. However, there are cases when the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) doctrine is applied, and the focus on people’s certain differences and characteristics can be required for a specific job position (Cavico & Mujtaba, 2016). Consequently, each company is interested in developing a strategic workforce planning process that addresses its goals and allows for hiring the best employees to correspond with the corporate strategy. However, when trying to select the most appropriate employees in the context of the workforce planning approach, it is important to avoid discriminating against applicants and violating their rights. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the hiring practices of Abercrombie & Fitch and Hooters and to determine how each company organizes its strategic workforce planning process and addresses the issue of discrimination. Court Cases Related to Abercrombie & Fitch and Hooters Both Abercrombie & Fitch and Hooters were sued because of denying employment and discriminating against potential employees. Abercrombie & Fitch is a U.S. chain of clothing stores that is famous for its “look policy,” prescribing a certain dress code for its employees. Gonzalez v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores (2005) was associated with a class-action lawsuit filed by several minority representatives, who applied for positions at Abercrombie & Fitch, but they were refused or received undesirable positions. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores (2015) was a case, according to which Samantha Elauf, a Muslim-American woman, was refused to take a position at the company. She used a headscarf, but the dress code did not allow that. It is also important to mention the cases related to Hooters, a restaurant chain. Latuga v. Hooters Inc (1994) was the case, in which a male applicant filed a lawsuit against Hooters because of not being hired due to sex discrimination. In 2009, there was a similar lawsuit against Hooters, Grushevski v. Texas Wings, Inc (2009), as Nikolai Grushevski was not hired as a waiter. These four cases are related to discrimination in the hiring process, but the outcomes were different. Outcomes of the Court Cases To analyze the success of the workforce planning process at Abercrombie & Fitch and Hooters, it is necessary to discuss the outcomes of the mentioned court cases. In Gonzalez v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores (2005), the rejected applicants received compensation, and Abercrombie & Fitch had to develop diversity policies to hire minority representatives. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores (2015) was resolved in favor of Samantha Elauf as she was not required to request the accommodation related to the dress code in advance
Being a teacher is an extraordinarily challenging job that requires a lot of strength, is likely to put one through a significant amount of stress, and may turn out to be not as rewarding as one might have thought as far as the financial aspect of the issue is concerned. Nevertheless, I am excited about becoming a teacher, and I am looking forward to my first experience of communicating with students and guiding them toward receiving the essential knowledge and skills. Since a teacher not only provides learners with information but also shapes their learning strategies and, essentially, a tangible part of their personality, I want to be a teacher and assist students in building their academic skills successfully so that they could learn new skills and information efficiently throughout their entire life. The role of a teacher has always seemed to me as something more than merely providing students with information. Instead, I see a teacher as someone who encourages students to develop the learning strategy that they will, later on, use in any domain of their life to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills and, ultimately, succeed in accomplishing their goals. To be more specific, I believe that a teacher must encourage students to develop the skills of lifelong learning. Thus, a strong foundation for their future success in their academic endeavors, rapid career advancement, and other important landmarks of their personal and professional growth will be built. By motivating people to engage in a lifelong learning process, a teacher inspires them to explore their opportunities and discover their talents. Some people told me that I was glorifying the career of a teacher without realizing the difficulties that an educator has to face on a regular basis, which is not quite true. While I do not have the experience necessary to embrace the complexity of teachers’ responsibilities, I do realize that an educator must address a range of dilemmas and solve a number of problems in the academic setting. For instance, the lack of motivation among learners is a notorious issue that teachers must handle so that the target audience could acquire the necessary knowledge and skills successfully. Nonetheless, I think that the specified aspect of teaching is, perhaps, the most interesting one. Indeed, handling the reluctance of learners requires that an educator should be very resourceful in their choice of a teaching strategy. Therefore, I believe that I can manage the identified concern successfully. Thus, I am positively certain that, as a teacher, I will be able to make a difference in people’s lives. I hope that I can not only guide students to the successful acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skills but also help them engage in metacognition, i.e., develop an understanding of how they learn and what factors boost their learning process. As a result, students will participate in the active acquisition of the information and the development of the abilities that they consider a priority. By pro
Every organization has a profile that makes it stand out from the rest. According to Cummings and Worley (2009), the unique portfolio reflects the core objectives of the company. What this means is that the objectives are used to formulate the portfolio of operations. For instance, a firm dealing with household products has an outline that reflects the experiences of individuals within the homestead. Consequently, the organization will be passing messages promoting social cohesion within the family. The message communicated by AES in the company’s website revolves around energy (AES Corporation, 2014). More specifically, the company is promoting a culture of clean energy. AES has a number of subsidiaries involved in the generation of electricity. One of the objectives of the company is the provision of reliable services (AES Corporation, 2014). According to Cummings and Worley (2009), reliability enhances the success of a firm. AES is also promoted as a firm that is keen on environmental protection. To this end, its renewable power plan is illustrated as a key aspect of its unique portfolio. The global energy crisis needs creative solutions. The information obtained from the profile created by AES indicates that the company is intent on providing these answers to address the crisis (AES Corporation, 2014). Consequently, the company emerges as a ‘problem solver’. Cummings and Worley (2009) insist that when a firm is identified with a given stra
Ethical standards are essential in psychology as they play a crucial role, both for the benefit of the client and the psychologist since they provide a basis for problem solving. The American Psychological Association is the standard for resolving ethical issues in psychology and makes provisions on how to solve conflicts that may arise between ethics and other state laws. Ethics regulates what can be done during professional practice. They provide a limit on what professionals can do depending on their training. The American Psychological Association code of ethics provides for this in its competence standard. In addition, the association’s code of ethics provides guidelines on how to handle emergency situations to ensure patients are not denied the necessary services (Singer, 2000). Professional decision making relies on ethics as it provides solutions for situations that involve the conflict of interest and multiple relationships between a client and a psychologist. It provides what should be done in such situations and also when reporting another psychologist for violating ethical standards and codes. One key function of ethical standards and codes is protecting the client’s interests. The client is protected from various forms of malpractice such as unfair discrimination and sexual harassment. It also protects them from the effects of multiple relationships with their service provider, and gives a clear guide on what should be done in case of third party requests. They emphasize on the need of informed consents before all procedures especially during the research. Informed consent makes the patients aware of the services that are being given to them and the effects resulting from such services. The state of mind of a patient should be verified before they give an informed consent. People who are not of age or have a condition that may affect their capacity of giving an informed consent require the assistance of the next of kin to give consent on their behalf (Singer, 2000). Privacy and confidentiality are one of the foremost ethical standards in psychology. The American Psychological Association has a provision for privacy and confidentiality in its ethics. It emphasizes on the need for confidentiality on all the information that relates to the client. It also provides for moments when privacy may be broken. In addition, before a psychologist can use any p