ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Resistance of employees within the organizations usually refers to the forms of staff showing their disagreement with the bosses while performing their jobs. The key feature of such resistance is the fact that the employees tend to avoid direct disobedience and confrontation with the managers. Even within these limits, the staff members can undertake an action or non-action that can be treated as an expression of resisting. Thus, one may discuss the phenomenon through the prism of three categories – the reasons, the means, and the ways of solution. First, as a type of conflict, resistance emerges when the employers’ and employees’ opinions diverge. Most commonly, the resistance is connected to the actions within organizations, for example, a rapid reformation or ignorance of the staff’s interests by the bosses. As a result, personnel can resort to an array of measures. Among the subtle ones, they can express their discontent, for example, by asking uncomfortable questions during the meeting or obstructing it. Also, employees may make errors like the careless treatment of the equipment, which seems unmeant, but leads to real damage. If one discusses more open methods of disagreement, they might include the acts of sabotage and undermining the bosses’ decisions. The actions, such as the destruction of technology, can be masked as accidents to remain somewhat subtle, but still, contain hints on their voluntary nature. While the problems initially may be hard to identify, once the question becomes evident, the employers should work upon their solution. To keep the employees in check while considering their opinion, the bosses have the option of making concessions. These can be done by processing the reforms more gradually or discussing the opposing views with the personnel more frequently. In the end, one can see that organizational resistance can appear when the employees are discontent with the reforming process or the bosses’ decisions. To demonstrate the disagreement, individuals could subtly stir the working process and decrease their effectiveness. As an alternative, they can resort to the hidden, but guessed actions of sabotage. In turn, employers might be able to fix the problem, namely, by making the reforms progressive or by consulting the personnel about the course of their government.
Thesis As a foreigner living in Africa, the author of Out of Africa and Shadows on the Grass supports the colonial system that was imposed by the British colonial in British East Africa now know as Kenya. The author, Isak Dinesen and other European settlers moved to Africa to look for a new and better life away from home (Enloe, 2000). The colonial governments promised these settlers huge tracts of land and availability of cheap labor for the any production process that they would engage in while at the farm. Most of these settlers were attracted to this offer, including Isak Dinesen (Karin Blixen) and moved to the colonial protectorates. The book mainly describes the author`s life in Africa where she lived and called home for close to 20 years. She arrived from Denmark to marry her spouse and settled in a farm located 10 miles from the colony`s capital, Nairobi. She lived in a huge coffee plantation that was about 6,000 acres in size. Labor in the farm was provided by the local squatters from the Kikuyu community. They worked for 180 days and in return they were given wages and the right to live and farm in their master’s land. Although the book talks about the beautiful life and the landscape of the countryside which the author describes she and other settlers in the colony supported the colonial administration. It is this administration that supported them while in the colony in terms of provision of land and capital during the early days. The colonial government also offered them protection and security. The settlers were also protected by the law since it favored them more than the native Africans. As a result, the author and the African natives had no option but to support the colonial government. Response The book Out of Africa and the Shadows in the Grass mainly talk about the life and experience of Isak Dinesen in British East Africa (Dinesen, 1989). In the book, she has developed several characterless; both Europeans and Africans. Even though she talks about the love and respect that she had with the natives, it is clearly evident that she viewed them to be less superior as compared to the Europeans. The author had a lot of respect to the government. She respected its administration and ensured that she followed its rules and regulations. In the book she speaks of the great respect she owed to government officials (Densen, 1989, p. 11). She hoped for the colonial rule to continue its operations in the country as this will lead to a lot of development especially in the town of Nairobi (Densen, 1989, p. 20). Due to this respect, she accompanied the British forces on one expedition during the war although it had to be cut short (Densen, 1989, p. 261). The book describes the might and power that the white man had over his subjects. The author for example had several squatters who worked in her farm. She paid them a small amount of salary which can be compared to minimum wage for the services that they provided to her farm. “I used to know my squatters children well for they both worked for me on the farm,” (Densen, 1989, p. 21). This act can be considered as exploitation of individuals and violation of human rights.
The introduction Some fundamentals on organizational culture Taking into account the fact that organizational culture impacts on organizational performance, one can conclude that organizational culture in multinational companies can be regarded as an important factor competitive advantages and the challenges of employee cultural diversity depend upon. For this reason, it seems to be evident that the process of intensifying organizational learning is also determined by the variable. Although detailed studies concerning organizational culture allow us to analyze general knowledge on a wide range of strategies multinational companies tend to achieve, one is to keep in mind that the separate elements the phenomenon of organizational culture involves are poorly understood. The thesis statement Organizational culture is recognized to be an important element in multinational companies, because it affects effectiveness in companies. Both – organizational performance and organizational learning depend upon the phenomenon. The body Globalization and demographic background and their relation to organizational culture The realities, which must be considered, in order to understand the way organizational culture affects multinational companies include globalization and demographic background. Thus, while considering the first variable, one can probably notice that globalization gives employees an opportunity to work in person or virtually, with employees from different parts of the world. Of course, the fact that employees of different ethnic groups can cooperate without any difficulties or efforts cannot be neglected too. It should be noted that the most effective and successful organizational techniques of the past do not work today. Thus, multinational companies look for new fresh ideas. “Ironically, increasingly diverse workforces offer an often-overlooked potential for competitive advantage – if the organizational culture facilitates management of diversity’s challenges and harnesses its potential benefits” (Trefry 2006, p. 563-564). The phenomenon of organizational culture has been studied by many scientists. Thus, it was proven that if organizational culture emphasizes integration and learning, the challenges it faces are considered to be positive. The concepts of organizational culture Generally, the definitions organizational culture involves are of wide range. For instance
God Whether God exists or not is a subject that elicits a debate among the philosophers and advocates of religion. The existence of God is something that receives support from a large section of the society. One thing that makes a lot of people to believe in the existence of God or a supernatural being is the existence of nature and the inability to explain the existence. The intellectual knowledge is quite important in explaining and justifying the way certain things exist. However, even the intellectual themselves reach a level where they cannot offer further explanation of the way things happen or exist the way they do. According to Woodman (105), thinking about the existence of God promotes morality in the society. A number of philosophers, dominant among them Karl Marx postulated that that religion and the existence of a supernatural being in only but a way of consoling human beings from the miseries that face them. However, even the mere thought of people that God or a supernatural being exists and controls their life is important as far as the embrace of morality in the society is concerned. It cannot be imagined how the society would be is there was no thought in the minds of the people about the existence of God who oversees the actions of deeds of people in the world. Perhaps, the world could be in a total mess with no order and the value of life and no peaceful existence. The rationale behind this observation is that even with the belief that God exists and the alignment of most people to religion, heinous acts against humanity are still highly advanced in the society (Garrett 149). Mind The mind is related to human consciousness and direction in human actions. Therefore, the philosophy of mind is critical in comprehending the attributes of behaviour and patterns of interaction that are exhibited by human beings in the society. The functioning of the physical human boy is facilitated by the human mind. Therefore, it is worthwhile to argue that the fulcrum of human functioning is the mind. The mind is able to correspond to complex things that take place in the environment. Without the mind, the coordination of human beings could be a daunting thing to attain, meaning that people could be exposed to certain dangers that they could not have been exposed to. Assuming that the mind is fictional as postulated by Hume raises questions about the cognitive abilities of people. Even the ability of people to perceive comes from the fact that the mind can sense and synthesize some things according to the already known facts that are still stored in the same mind. Questions about the existence of certain things are best answered when the mind synthesizes information and releases conclusions that make people make sense of what exists in their surrounding (Preston para 13-15). However, it is also important to note that the mind can be deceiving in the sense that it can synthesize information and point to certain conclusions, which can in turn put people at loggerheads. This observation is based on the fact that the impressions a
Introduction Nathaniel Hawthorne was a 19th-century American writer who remains renowned for his input in the classical literature. Some researchers even phrase him as “one of the most significant and influential writers” of his age (Lei, 2015, p. 2164). Among the legacy of Hawthorne, it is worth mentioning The scarlet letter , a work which became vital for the writer’s fame. The plot of the novel immerses the readers into the 17th century to demonstrate the environment of the Puritan era in America. The events revolve around the punishment of a young woman, Hester Prynne, who is accused of adultery. Through the main characters, Hester, her husband “Chillingworth” and her lover Dimmesdale, the author used symbolism to unveil his message about adamant will and redemption. Moreover, thanks to the historical fiction genre, Hawthorne managed to elaborate on notable aspects of social history. Plot Summary: Love, Hate, and Guilt Throughout the plot, the reader finds out about a fictive public scandal in 17th-century Boston. The public attention is caught by the young woman, Hester Prynne, who gave birth to an illegitimate child and is accused of adultery. As a result, Hester must regularly stand on the village’s scaffold and wear the scarlet “A” letter on her clothes. Moreover, she resides in prison, shunned by all the villagers. Despite the humiliation, Hester refuses to name her lover, the father of the child. During one of the trials, it turns out that Hester’s husband, presumably missed, has returned to the village. Enraged by the wife’s betrayal, the husband vows to avenge his pride by destroying Hester’s love for good. The husband takes up a different persona of a doctor, Roger Chillingworth. With this play, he aims to gain the village’s trust and deduce the identity of his adversary. Chillingworth gets closer to the head of Boston’s church, a young priest Reverend Dimmesdale, who experiences health issues. At the same time, Hester is released from the detention and lives isolated on the outskirts of the village. Her sewing skills only help her in earning money for living alone. However, she successfully defends her newborn daughter, Pearl, from the attempts to take the child away. Furthermore, she remains adamant in refusing to divulge the identity of Pearl’s father. Gradually, Chillingworth starts to suspect that Dimmesdale could indeed be Hester’s lover. After all, Dimmesdale’s condition appears to be connected to some unresolved mental torment. Chillingworth discusses the matter with the priest several times, trying to make him confess the presumed sins. Eventually, Chillingworth confirms his suspicions when he notices the same “A” letter on Dimmesdale’s body, that his wife wears. However, he is unable to act with hostility due to the earlier promise to Hester. In the end, Dimmesdale and Hester
Introduction Four out of the seven wonders of the ancient world credit Greek architecture for its aesthetic value and sublime taste for perfection. Greek mythology and the democratic form of government are a few of the numerous contributions of this ancient civilization to the modern world. The Greeks were believed to be the foundations of Western civilization with their significant role in literature, philosophy, and the sciences (Baxevanis). What then makes a great and influential society? The community and its culture, the geography, and even the climate of the particular region can give a lasting effect on the development of a group of people. Greece is generally a peninsula that extends through the Aegean and the Ionian Sea making a great fraction of the country close to the bodies of water (“Greece”, 2007). This kind of geography both directly and indirectly affect the physical development of the great civilizations including Greek cities. Main body Different water supply management techniques were used in ancient times to cope up with the dry spells of the Mediterranean (Laureano) A series of long and narrow canals that serve as basins of water for irrigation were made that has become a prototype for modern irrigation techniques. The most popular technique used worldwide even in ancient times is the terracing of landmasses that allows efficient use of available water. In the Chinese city of Yang Cheng during the Zhou dynasty (Du), an advanced clay piping system was discovered to have been existent for a long time now. These discoveries gave assurance of how significant having water management in city-states. According to Tassios, “there is no Greek city without an elaborated water supply system” and some earlier built aqueducts are still present today (2007). It is thus a question as to why the government prioritizes or even makes a fuss over the efficient management of the water supply. Obviously, this is a very important requirement for a city to develop. The most superior water supply management strategy was very evident in the Greek city of Pergamos owing to the advantageous developments in science and economics. They have created an efficient design for conduits that will later be applied to other ancient cities. The earlier question about the significance of creating a vast water management system across the city can now be addressed. The ancient period is a perfect time for discovery, progress, and evolution of ideas. It is fortunate that the Greeks are at the helm of this objective that they had to make sure that development runs smoothly and continuously. Efficient water management prevents the occurrence of floods in the business districts of the cities; provides enough water for irrigation thus enough food production, and assures an adequate amount of potable water for the citizens. Accordingly, businesses can go on with their transactions, people are kept safe from contaminated water and the incidence of drought is prevented. The resulting technology such as the aqueducts
Newcrest mining limited company is a leading international gold mining company, and the largest gold miner in Australia, with its headquarters based in Melbourne, Victoria. The company trades at the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) under the ticker NCM, and the New York ADRs (American Depositary Receipts) under the code NCMGY. Newcrest is a global top 10 gold mining company, according to the company’s website www.newcrest.com.au, where it releases most of its information, including financial results. Newcrest’s financial year ends on June 30 of each year. The company provides quarterly and semi-annual reports in between the financial period. Newcrest Mining Ltd reports a sales growth of 11 percent, from A$2.531 billion in FY09 to A$2.802 in FY10. Data on Newcrest Mining Ltd’s financial information can be retrieved from the company’s website, while extracts can be viewed from the appendix. Revenues have been primarily pushed by gold sales, which increased by 7 percent to 1.745 million oz from 1.637 million oz in the previous year (Newcrest.com). Copper sales have declined by 7 percent, though the declined sales did not offset the high commodity prices in 2010, which saw Newcrest increase revenues by 11 percent and 10 percent for gold and copper respectively. The company has effectively and efficiently controlled its costs, and thereby reduced the total cost of sales from A$1,638M to A$1,569M in FY10, and successfully contained mine production costs, with costs rising by A$1 million. The increased profits and contained costs have led to expanded profit margins for the company, as the EBITDA margin and EBIT Margin have both increased by 10 percent to 51 percent and 40 percent respectively in FY10. Newcrest Mining Ltd strengthened its cash position in FY09 with a A$793 million equity issue. Cash flow from operations has increased from A$1,024 million in FY09 to A$1,303 million in FY10. Dividends and minority interest have almost doubled from FY09, at A$60 million, to A$112 million in the 2009-2010 financial period. the Newcrest average for cash costs after by-products for the FY10 stand at US$306 per ounce, which is lower than the July 2009 – J
The “Introduction – Contesting the sacred: the anthropology of Christian pilgrimage” by Eads and Sallnow provides an innovative anthropological framework in gaining deeper insights into the religious institution of pilgrimage. The book takes a critical examination of the doctrines, beliefs, and expectations of diverse individuals. As opposed to other forms of literatures on Christian pilgrimage that sought to either subvert or support the social order, the article proposes a new agenda that focuses on dissecting pilgrimage and seeing it as possessing the power to accommodate a wide range of meanings and practices of diverse individuals. Through an examination of highly organized shrines at San Giovanni Rotondo in Singiovannesi, Sri Lanka, Peru, and Lourdes, the authors examine the conflicting views, interests, and beliefs of the pilgrims on the life and remains of a holy man. Furthermore, the article also takes a critical examination of the manner in which pilgrims of diverse Christian faiths consider competing images of Jerusalem. The authors therefore adopt a multi-dimensional approach to develop a better analytical typology of pilgrimage and argue that pilgrimage is far much more than visiting shrines and sacred sites. This is done to develop a view of pilgrim that is not narrowly focused on social relations, but that which encompasses a realm of competing discourses. Pilgrims throng these sacred sites and shrines in the hope of receiving blessings of holy men (Eade & Micheal, 14). Contesting the Sacred provides a deeper analytical examination into the link between human beings and the divine which makes pilgrimage a very critical institution in all the world religions. The authors integrate “the theoretical frame of the book within recent perspectives on pilgrimage and examine the contributions of tourism and globalization on pilgrimage shrines and sacred sites” (Eade & Micheal, 13). In summary, this article serves as a rich and significant contribution to the complex and growing field of anthropological literature opens the field for the need to explore recent developments and the future of Christian pilgrimage. Works Cited Eade, John and Micheal Sallnow. Introduction in Contesting the Sacred: The Anthropology of Christian Pilgrimage . London and New York: Routledge, 1990. Print.
Such conditions as dementia, depression, and delirium may significantly alter the health of geriatric patients. These disorders are common in older people, but they should not be treated as a normal part of the aging process. It is also vital to recognize that their timely treatment can help geriatric patients to overcome many related issues and avoid complications. Nonetheless, some conditions cannot be fully cured, requiring medical professionals to focus on ongoing health management and support. The presented case discusses an older female patient with progressing Alzheimer’s dementia and the plan for her assessment, treatment, and education. Illnesses that affect people’s mental health can have devastating effects on older individuals, primarily because of their progressive nature and a wide range of possible causes. For example, the number of geriatric patients with such conditions as dementia continues to increase (Holroyd-Leduc & Reddy, 2012). Both dementia and delirium are characterized by memory impairments, confusion, decision-making problems, and mood changes (Resnick, 2016). Thus, these disorders endanger the safety of frail elders who have an increased risk of falls, fractures, and self-injuries (Holroyd-Leduc & Reddy, 2012). Similarly, depression can also lower the positive effects of nonpharmacological treatments and contribute to social withdrawal. Frail elders usually have multiple comorbidities, and their physical and mental health greatly depends on their ability to perform everyday activities. Patient Case The discussed patient is an 80-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease five years ago. She presents to the office with her daughter who reports that the patients’ condition has been progressing over the last 6 months. The patient is constantly in a state of confusion – she does not recognize her children, cries, and calls for her mother. The patient has also lost the ability to perform daily activities and become incontinent of bowel and bladder. The care plan for the patient includes an ADL assessment to determine how much help would the patient need every day. The symptoms of urinary and bowel incontinence should be checked with samples to exclude infection. The progression of symptoms related to dementia should also be evaluated with cognitive assessment tools. It can be concluded that the patient’s Alzheimer’s disease is progressing, and its moderate form is moving towards the severe one. Treatment may include the increase in the dose of the patient’s current prescriptions. The current plan incorporates Aricept 10 mg daily and Namenda 5 mg daily, which can be raised to 23 mg and 10 mg respectively (Wang et al., 2015). Pharmacological treatments for incontinence can involve anticholinergics and anti-diarrheal medicine, depending on the patient’s symptoms. A medical professional can recommend using such nonpharmacological treatments for memory prob