ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introducing the Case   * Goal: to discuss background, issues, and coping strategies in connection with being a third culture individual.   * Case:       + An African American woman (M.) from Montgomery, Alabama.       + Third culture: daughter of a deaf mother (primary caretaker) (Sue & Sue, 2016). The complex experiences of third culture individuals are a feature that a culturally competent counselor needs to consider. The goal of this presentation is to discuss a particular case of a third culture individual with attention paid to her background, issues and coping strategies, as well as the impact that being a third culture individual has had on her. The discussion will be devoted to an African American woman who will be called M. from now on; she is a daughter of a deaf mother and is currently in charge of taking care of the aging woman. As pointed out by Sue and Sue (2016), disability is associated with particular experiences that are important to take into account for a culturally competent counseling specialist. A child of a deaf parent would be familiar with such experiences since childhood while also not fully belonging to the same group; they would be used to the experiences of people with and without disabilities. Thus, M.’s background qualifies as one of a third culture individual, and her case can be used to study the topic. Psychosocial Background, Family History   * Race/ethnicity: African American.   * Family: single mother and two siblings.   * The siblings are much older (moved out before M. was born).   * M. grew up with her mother; currently lives with her and provides care.   * M. was taught sign language; very good at it. M. points out the impact of her race on her experience, which is why it is important to note once again that she is African American. She is the daughter of a single mother who has a disability; specifically, she is deaf. In addition, M. has two siblings, but they did not interact much throughout her childhood because the siblings were significantly older and had already moved out by the time M. was born. M. was raised by her mother and still lives with her because the woman developed health problems. M. is fluent in sign language and takes care of her mother now. Personal and Interpersonal Relationships   * Relationship with the mother:       + M.A. is the primary caretaker. M.A. feels dissatisfied and stressed by the role.       + Very strong emotional attachment to her mother conflicts with the dissatisfaction.   * Relationships with siblings: strong negative emotions (abandonment, resentment; views the current arrangement as unfair). M. has a very loving and caring relationship with her mother, but since M. is her primary caretaker, she also feels stressed by the role and its responsibilities. She experiences a conflict between loving her mother and being tired and dissatisfied as her caretaker. As a result, she has grown to resent her siblings; M. thinks that they had abandoned her and their mother when they were supposed to help them. Presenting Issues and Coping Strategies   * Primary presenting issues:
The case study describes the mechanisms behind the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. The generation of drug-resistant bacteria has arisen from the selection of genes that have been mutated through time and have rendered these strains to be insensitive to current antibiotics that are being prescribed by physicians to their patients. The case study also described that the environment itself carries drug resistant bacteria that have originated from the administration of excessive antibiotics to both humans and animals. Scientific terms   * Natural selection – The mechanism of transferring favorable genetic features to the offspring is known as natural selection. Favorable genetic features are often associated with the appearance or characteristics of a species, making them more robust to survive in our changing environment (Parrish 458).   * Antibiotic resistance – The capability of a bacterial species to survive the impact of the administration of chemicals that are designed to induce death is known as antibiotic resistance. It has been determined that antibiotic resistance has arisen through the process of natural selection (Gould 3). However, antibiotic resistance can also be induced in the laboratory through genetic manipulation.   * Resistance allele – A gene is generally represented by two forms which are called alleles. In the case of a resistance allele, this gene form has accumulated mutations that make it different from the normal allele and has therefore acquired is insensitivity to the effects of a particular antibiotic (Macgowan 106)   * Susceptible bacteria – Any bacterial strain that carries a normal allelic form of a specific gene is said to be susceptible because it is sensitive t
The poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers was written by a great American writer and social activist, Langston Hughes. It was first published in The Crisis journal in 1921. The poem portrays the memories of African slavery, including the moment when Abraham Lincoln tried to eradicate it. The narrator talks from the core of his heart and offers insights into his roots, memories connected to Africa’s ancient rivers. This poem is written from an old soul’s viewpoint and tries to establish a link between the past and present. The speaker starts the poem by stating a connection to the ancient rivers of the world, possibly meaning the time before Africans were brought to America as slaves and were living peacefully. This profound and descriptive explanation shows the tremendous intelligence of the narrator and helps him to make a definitive connection between people of his race and the rest of human civilization. White Americans often saw their darker-skinned counterparts as less than human in the early twentieth century, and here Hughes offers concrete evidence of historical justice. Nowadays, the world is striving for a totally inclusive community, and even though racism as the phenomenon still exists, it could be seen that the acceptance of people with different skin color has improved throughout the centuries. By stating that “I have known rivers: Ancient, dusky rivers,” (Hughes, 2009) the author tries to say that the African-American community has experienced negative and dark moments in the past. However, by further declaring, “My soul has grown deep like the rivers,” (Hughes, 2009) the author assures the readers that nowadays Africans have become stronger by withstanding pain and suffering. The poem deliberately portrays the history of the black, which definitely has a reflection on the American society nowadays. Thus, The Negro Speaks of Rivers demonstrates how the Afro community has grown stronger during the centuries: they went from being oppressed slaves to possessing the same rights as the other American citizens. Reference Hughes, Langston. (2009 ). The Negro Speaks of Rivers . New York, NY: Hyperion Book CH.
Introduction I would not say I had been tabula rasa, before I started the course. Of course, I had numerous negotiations before I read the first pages of the course books and other materials. In fact, I can boast of being quite a successful negotiator, though I have often had failures in this area. I should also add I did not sign multimillion contracts. I negotiated with friends, relatives, teachers, etc. Lum (2010) stresses that it is crucial to understand the other party’s needs. I used to think I did take into account my opponent’s needs and aspirations. However, now I understand that back then I was aware of an insignificant part of what a successful negotiator needs. I agree that I can be compared to a clean wall bombarded by colorful water balls. Now I am ready to share feelings of the painted wall. People behind Negotiators First of all, I should admit that Lum’s (2010) ideas and tips impressed me most. For instance, it is rather obvious that a successful negotiator will never ignore the other party’s needs and aspirations. These needs can help design the necessary strategy. However, Lum (2010) states that it is sometimes helpful to leave the needs and interests aside, and focus on the person behind the opponent. Notably, Thompson (2011) also stresses that the negotiator should never forget that he/she is dealing with people, not machines. When the debate is too heated and when no agreement is probable, it is important to leave the point aside (Lum, 2010). Admittedly, when people get too emotional they simply cannot hear each other. No negotiation is possible if the parties do not listen to each other. I have already tried this strategy and I was quite surprised to find out it does work. I guess this understanding made me more flexible. I now understand when it is important to hold, and when I can continue as the agreement is likely. No-Agreement Alternatives Apart from developing proper interpersonal communication with the opponent, it is also important to understand what you can never accept. Lum (2010, p. 80) calls this “no-agreement alternatives”. I have often shopped at markets. I often moved farther just to come back and find out that the thing I liked so much had been sold. Now I understand that it is essential to define the bottom and be ready to leave if no agreement is possible. However, Barbara Braham (2006) also notes that it is necessary to not what victory is. I used to be afraid of moving farther when negotiating. Now I understand that it is necessary to define other options before you start negotiating. Being prepared properly means a lot. Now I start planning before I initiate any negotiations
It is vital that newborn is observed by pediatrician and receive the proper treatment during the first months of life because the body’s physiological systems are susceptible to any deteriorative factors. One of the most common practices is vaccination for various diseases, such as influenza, hepatitis A and B, rotavirus, and pneumococcal, to name a few. The current paper discusses the vaccination strategy for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Before the vaccine had been produced, Hib was the most common cause of meningitis in children in developed countries (Butler & Myers, 2018; Scott Ricci & Kyle, 2009). Vaccination for Hib is well-established, and it is worth taking the vaccine in order to prevent the threatening processes in the body. Hib has been of huge concern for pediatricians because it may lead to significant pathophysiological consequences. Hib affects the upper respiratory tract and may cause meningitis, pneumonia, and bacteremia (Butler & Myers, 2018). The transmission usually happens through respiratory droplets and/or direct contact. The pathogen of Hib is a gram-negative Haemophilus in
Introduction Although considerable effort has been made to enhance diversity in professional settings, gender still has a significant effect on employees’ prospects. The extent to which gender stereotypes affect females’ careers is specifically apparent within the criminal justice system (Mallicoat, 2018). These stereotypes are often displayed and rather spread in media. This paper includes a brief analysis of the way gender stereotypes are made visible in the popular TV show Brooklyn 9-9 . The media product has a particular interest for the research of gender roles in the criminal justice system as the fictional department is rather inclusive. The TV show is an entertaining comedy sitcom displaying the functioning of a fictional NYPD precinct, but the team is very diversified in terms of gender, race, and even sexual identity. The head of the department is an open gay who is trying to create a perfect team (Goor & Schur, 2014). The TV show has a wide audience, and it is quite popular with a high Rotten Tomatoes rating (critic rating is 89% and audience score is 94%) (“Brooklyn Nine-Nine,” n.d.). According to viewers’ comments, the TV show is a good pastime. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which stereotypes against female officers are perpetuated in this TV show. Methodology and Theoretical Background For the purpose of this study, thirty minutes of the show were closely analyzed. The first and a half of the second episode were chosen as the pilot episode often reflects the essence of the entire show. It is hypothesized that the episodes under consideration will contain numerous instances of stereotyping against women. In order to check the hypothesis, the following variables were identified. Gender is the independent variable, and such dependent variables as using weapons, fighting, displaying compassion, being in control were chosen. These qualities are often seen as central to gender stereotyping and the ones associated with the think-manager-think-male approach within the criminal justice system (Tabassum & Nayak, 2021). The focus will be on professional roles assigned to male and female officers as well as the way these roles are performed. Liberal feminism will be the theoretical framework guiding this research as it effectively explains the nature of gender stereotyping. According to this paradigm, social roles are distributed unevenlys and the world is still patriarchal since females are often seen as unfit for some duties and types of job, which is placed to the fore in the criminal justice system (Mallicoat, 2018). Females are seen as rather submissive, capable of communicating, and showing compassion individuals who are incapable of completing men’s job (policing). Results The episode under analysis features nine main characters (with 33% of female employees, two detectives and one civilian administrator). Based on the data shown in Table 1, it is clear that the team is diverse, to a certain extent, in terms of gender, age, and ethnicity with prevailing wh
Introduction Starting a small business is a process that requires determination motivation and general know-how in regards to how to operate a business and ensure that it remains profitable despite the various challenges and risks that may be available in the business environment one wants to venture in. as such, several steps should be carried out to ensure that all details regarding the business are addressed and well planned for. The steps as presented by Zahorsky include but are not limited to: the identification of the business opportunity the owner is willing to venture into. It should be the first stage and should be based on an individual’s passions, financial capability, and educational background that supports the business decision made (1). It should be noted, that the selection of a business venture is often a daunting task, especially if the potential investor is faced with numerous opportunities. As such, this is a very crucial stage, and much thought should be put into it before deciding on the venture to pursue. Secondly, after deciding on the venture, the investor should create a comprehensive business plan which gives a detailed description of the business in regards to product, ownership, structure, competition, and amount required to start the business. Also, it is always important to mention the contacts and location of the business as well as its name and legal bearings. The third and final step is to find the funds required to start up the business. Depending on its size, there are various avenues through which an individual can acquire the initial capital. These include but are not limited to Bank loans, inheritance, grants, and partnerships. With this in mind, this study shall delve further into a business plan and explain how each step should be followed and drafted to ensure the success of any business venture. To this end, the study shall describe the aspects that should be addressed while creating a business plan for starting a small business. How to start a small business Executive Summary The executive summary is the most important segment within the business plan. It describes all the factors that the business plan hopes to address, therefore providing the readers with an overview of what the business entails and operates. This section should be written last after every other aspect has been satisfactorily addressed. Though optional, the executive summary should cover a maximum of two pages. It means that the details presented therein should suffice in explaining what the business is all about within five minutes. As such, the executive summary should explain the essentials of the proposed business venture. To further expound on this, the executive summary should briefly describe what the
The American Occupational Therapy Association defines occupational therapy as a skilled treatment that aids individuals, both children, and adults to lead independent lives. Occupational therapists help different people with special needs such as accident victims and people with autism spectrum disorders to learn special skills that will help them lead independent and satisfying lives (Bryan & Gast2000, p. 558). In people with autistic disorders specifically, OT has advanced to include specialists who offer sensory integration skills critical in helping such patients to process information for playing and socializing. Children form a big portion of people with Autism Spectrum of Disorders. Given that childhood is crucial to the development of a child, children with the above orders need special care and treatment to help them cope with their shortcomings so that they can develop into a normal adults. Occupational therapy comes in handy by using techniques developed by experts to help such children to better exercise control on their bodies and minds (Howard et al., 2005, p. 364). These children will in the long run be well equipped with a motor and social skills crucial for independent living. Precisely, occupational therapists help children with Autism Spectrum of Disorders in different ways. They help in the facilitation of activities that aid the child in the course of interaction and communication with peers and caregivers. Here, specific play therapies are used to help the child to develop his/her motor and physical skills (Bryan & Gast2000, p. 563). Another important role that occupational therapists play is in the development of strategies that help autistic children learn how to transition between one or more settings. Furthermore, they help in coming up with adaptive techniques specifically to help invisible disabilities (Fombonne, 2005, p. 6). Additionally, occupational therapists help in the provision of special interventions that aid the child in responding to information through his/her senses. Here, activities like swinging and playing with a ball are well suited to help the child learn how to manage his body in space. One of the most commonly used and recommended play activities for children with Autism Spectrum of Disorders is martial arts. More often than not, children with Autism Spectrum of Disorders exhibit limited or no interest in sporting activities (Dawson &Watling, 2000, p. 420). Most sports activities require physical skills a place where most autistic children are challenged. Specialized Occupational therapy instructors who are well versed in the ADHD act have been known to help children significantly overcome their challenges thereby leading confidence filled productive life. Perhaps contrary to many people, martial arts is not always associated with violence and requires less specific skills than other sports say baseball, basketball, or soccer. Occupational Therapy through martial arts is especially important in autistic children especially those with Asperger’s type. The sport is especially good in integrating counting with sporting activit
Introduction The current globalisation rate has led to many changes and effects on the value of most resources and especially the financial resources. The world’s population is increasing at a fast rate while on the other hand resources are being depleted without being replenished thus causing scarcity. As a result, economic crisis have occurred which have as well affected the living standards of a better part of the world’s population (Hardwick, 2002, p.176). Among the common effects are the high inflation and the amount of money supplied. Economists have however established the rate of Inflation and the money supply of a nation are correlated with one leading to another. This paper is therefore an analysis of the relationship between the inflation rate and money supply. Inflation Inflation is said to be the increase in the prices of commodities and services in a given economy. This makes the people buy less since their purchasing power goes down as a result of the lower value of the currency. Inflation rates of most countries keep fluctuating but their central banks try to keep the rates at a range of about two to three percent. The consumer price index is what is used to measure the inflation rates of an economy. It has been theoretically argued that inflation is caused by an increase in money supply in the economy (Hall and Taylor, 1997, p.637). Money Supply Money supply is an economic term which refers to the amount of money circulating in an economy. The central bank is bestowed with controlling the money supply of a country through regulation of the circulation (Williams, 2008, p.1). Money supply can be measured by looking at the value of currency, bills, credit, loans as well as other liquid instruments in an economy. The Relationship between money supply and inflation Economists have suggested that there is a high degree of correlation between the inflation rate and money supply in an economy. To begin with is the fact that when the money supply is high the demand for money goes down. This is because people are able to afford even the high priced commodities and services that they could not have initially afforded (Mishkin, 1995, p.89). It can thus be depicted that an upward supply of money in the economy results to inflation according to the graph shown below. A look at the graph at first glance does not show any instances of correlation however after the introduction of a time lag in which the two occur a situation of relationship is then established. This time lag is the difference in time between changes in the money supply and the changes in the inflation rates. Thus, the relationship occurs after a period of time as it can be depicted on the graph in the years 1990, 1996, 2000 and 2001 among others. This can be practically explained in a situation whereby the people of a given small town are given the opportunity to raise a higher income than they would have before in a month
Introduction Probability is the chance of occurrence of an event. It is denoted using a number depending on the frequency of occurrence of the event. Reasoning is the process of looking at actions in a step-by-step way and finding reasons for the conclusion. Probabilistic reasoning is therefore the analysis of an event’s occurrence and the reasons for its occurrence conclusively using probability. The paper seeks to explore infidelity and the contributory factors associated with probabilistic reasoning. Contribution to Infidelity Men and women are different beings whose psychological and physical physique is different. They also have similarities as noted by Fiddick (2004). He notes that psychologically men and women are similar in some areas. Giving the example of jealousy, he says that the emotion is an alert that a person is a threat to a valued relationship. Men and women also have differences. Men, for instance, are jealous of fellow men with resources whereas women feel threatened by women with nicer looks. Probabilistic reasoning uses Bayeism theory whereby subjective and objective factors are calculated in posterior and prior probabilities. A prior probability is usually a subjective assessment of an experienced person. Once it is calculated, it is used to calculate the posterior probability. When applied to a relationship or a marriage, one partner will develop a tinge of jealousy which will be an obvious negative assessment of the other partner. If there are previous instances of infidelity, this will add to the prior probability that will have been created. Using the Bayes theorem, the most probable next instance of infidelity can be calculated (Fiddick, 2004). Correlation to Other Factors Happiness is a factor that every marriage or r