ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Building strategies is necessary for efficient running of any business Company. The kind of strategy built and implemented determines the level of progress within the Company. Strategies are usually built based on various conditions which may include; the current status of the Company, the Company’s policies and ability to focus ahead based on competitive moves and business approaches. The company’s management must have action plan that enables them have competitive advantage over other related companies within the industry. This case study focuses on the strategies that Make It Big Company took for the purposes of increasing the Company’s market share and stabilizing its financial base. The effects and implications of the chosen strategies are explored based on business and marketing principles (Winn 185-196). Identification of key elements of MIB strategy One of Make It Big (MIB) Company’s strategies used to bring back customers is the use of mail order roster and increased use of internet where the Company’s product portfolio is posted. The company also embarked on printing more catalogs and went into the business of exchanging mailing lists with other companies. All the strategies applied by MIB focused on growth of the business, attracting more buyers, achieving specific performance targets and also for the purposes of effective competition within the market. Strategies used in the initial stages were based on independent decision making. This was done by MIB CEO. She never made any consultations because she believed in her own leadership capabilities (Winn 185). MIB focused on operations-driven activities which enabled achievement of its goal. These activities included means through which quality of products could be improved, reinforcement of customer service relations and the processes undertaken on resource management (Winn 185-190). The selection of the management team in MIB was basically based on experience and educational background (Winn 194). Identification of the strategies MIB uses Make It Big Company used the idea of partnership, mail order concept and catalogs in accomplishing its goals. The Company’s targets were the fat and oversize women within the society. This shifted their focus to making clothes that could serve the interests of fat people besides making them attractive and more acceptable within the community. The company’s strategy included some political aspect that fought against discrimination based on people’s body size. The strategy focused on improving the self-esteem of the oversize women by providing them with comfortable type of clothing. The company also focused on using skilled employees, for example the CEO employed one of her friend who was very experienced and skilled in sewing. The company utilized the abilities of expert seamstresses through whom they hired more other employees to work for the company. These services offered by o
Gun violence is one of the most terrifying and, unfortunately, relevant issues of our time. This problem is most acute in countries where the carrying of weapons is allowed, such as the United States. Accordingly, to solve the problem of gun violence, it is necessary to adopt appropriate legislative acts regulating the handling of weapons. However, the adoption of such laws is always accompanied by disputes about their effectiveness. The purpose of this essay is to answer the question of how strengthening gun laws affect violence and whether these changes are positive. Laws related to the regulation of the number of weapons are always subject to heated discussion and debate. It should be noted that advocates of such legislative acts can often be wrong almost to a greater extent than their opponents. As Schell and Morall write, the study of such a complex issue as weapons laws and their impact on the situation requires extensive theoretical research and accurate measurements (233). However, in society, there is a widespread and outdated opinion that the very existence of such laws can improve the situation. Such views lead to fundamentally incorrect research, misleading people. An example of such a study is the work of Bindu Kalesan and his colleagues, in which he states the possibility of reducing deaths from firearms by 98% by adopting only three policies (Schell and Morall 233). The mere introduction of strategies designed to tighten arms laws cannot affect the situation in a positive way, but it can bring negative consequences. Legislation governing the circulation of weapons should be drawn up very carefully and taking into account possible outcomes. Such results can be not only misleading but also can lead to the actual increase in gun violence. There are a lot of policies that lead to such consequences, and although the influence of each of them is small, their simultaneous presence can significantly change the situation. Conducted by Kleck et al., the study confirms that out of 57 possible law effects, 20 can be distinguished, of which 8 are negative and 12are positive (512). Adverse effects generally corresp
In her article “Too Young to Wed”, author Cynthia Gorney seeks to address the issue of child brides. The article begins by describing the illegal wedding ceremony of three child brides. While two of the girls are aged 15 and 13, the youngest, Rajani, is only 5 years old. The three young brides are being married off by their family to men they have never met. The article reveals that the community overlooks illegal weddings easily especially if the brides have reached puberty. The article states that an outsider observing illegal ceremonies feels an impulse to rescue the young brides. However, child marriage is a complicated activity and such an action would not help. Forced early marriages happen for a variety of social reasons. In some cases, they occur because the risk of a girl losing her virginity before marriage is unacceptable. In other instances, these marriages are carried out as business deals where a family gives the bride child away to settle a debt or resolve family conflicts. The article notes that early marriage in most cases ends the academic life of a child. However, poverty makes it impossible for some families to avoid this practice. Girl education is hard for many poor families who give priority to the education of their sons. In such communities, early marriage is encouraged by the older females of the family including aunts and grandmothers. However, men are responsible for most forced marriages. In the case of 10-year-old Ayesha who was married off to a 50-year old, the women in the family tried to stop the marriage. However, Ayesha’s father threatened to kill her if she reported the matter to the police. Now the girl lives in misery with her old husband. The article highlights the case of the 10-year old Nujood Ali who requested a divorce after she had been forcefully married to a man in his 30s. Nujoob’s case was different since she decided to fight back against this practice. Her actions brought the issue of forced child marriages to public attention. It also encouraged other children to take action when faced with similar situations. Even so, the article reveals that not all children would have the courage to do this. The government and child protection agencies need to do more to help deal with the problem. The article suggests that more education programs are needed to reach more underage girls and their families and therefore discourage this habit. The underlying community issues that encourage child marriages should be dealt with in order to prevent this practice. Community-led programs that encourage people to move away from this practice result in the reduction in child marriages. The case of Shobha Choudhary who was married off when only eight years of age is highlighted. Because of a free education program offered by the Veerni Project
Introduction Many of the physical quantities are direct or indirect functions of temperature. This means that as the ambient temperature increases, the value of the quantity in question changes: either upward or downward. For example, it is well known that solution viscosity and solubility of a substance have a strong positive correlation with heating, whereas, in contrast, the density of a substance tends to decrease with increasing temperature ( Viscosity and density , 2019). The temperature, in general, is one of the most understandable physical measurements because, although it is not tangible, its effect on bodies is not challenging to observe. The rise in body temperature, the warming of food, the melting of ice, and the weather are all literally everyday manifestations of temperature fluctuations. Given one’s intimate familiarity with the phenomenon of temperature, even without academic degrees, it can be postulated that this topic is one of the most accessible to explanation and discussion. This research report examines the superconductivity function of materials at high temperatures. This phenomenon is of great interest for theoretical and applied physics since the minimization of resistance to the electric field as the temperature rises is a valuable fact. This paper discusses in detail the phenomenon of superconductivity of materials at high temperatures. This includes providing an evaluation of this phenomenon, an examination of its aspects, examples, and graphs revealing in more detail the dependencies discussed. The report will repeatedly use the names of su
Henry George was a prominent political economist who gained significant popularity with the book Progress and Poverty . A person with substantial knowledge of economic literature would appreciate his book. The author is centrally concerned with the reason developing countries still live at higher poverty levels. In the first chapter (par. 1), he states that “We are investigating and reviewing how currently accepted theories attempt to explain it. We want to discover why poverty persists despite the increasing wealth.” George wrote the book following his recognition that poverty is the central puzzle of the 20th century. It attempts to answer why the wealth accumulated in various states does not serve the whole population. In summary, George (2006) identified the conventional production factors, including labor, land, and capital. He posits that economics focus on two factors, namely money and employment, disregarding natural resources. The two areas of focus, however, are insignificant without the latter, where they are engaged. The neglected factor of production allows people to generate wealth using labor and capital. Perhaps the book suggests that the primary cause of wealth disparity is unequal land ownership distribution. The author asserts that imposing taxes on land values is necessary to mitigate the partial distribution of resources. George (2006) does not advocate for land seizing and individual possession. He opposes authorities that rent natural resources, offering the rights to utilize a property that the beneficiary did not create. Therefore, tax imposition on leased but not individually owned land is appropriate to reduce inequality in its distribution. George’s (2006) allegation is correct because leasing or seizing denies the owner an opportunity to utilize land i
The Renaissance Period was a time of rediscovery of classical art and ideals of Ancient Greece and Rome. The focus turned to the individual, as opposed to the overall anonymity typical of the Middle Ages. The importance of nature and physical world combined with the rekindled interest in the individual paved the way for the birth of humanism. Pregnant women were seen as a symbol of natural processes of creation and destruction, of endless life cycles, worthy of admiration. When comparing the Renaissance attitude with the modern viewpoint, it is clear that the differences are significant. Renaissance Attitude to the Pregnant Female Body The Mona Lisa, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci, has become a female archetype over the years. Garrard and Broude elaborate on this phenomenon by providing several interpretations offered by art critics, art historians, as well as other experts (67). The author refers to the interpretation by Kenneth Clarke, wherein he links the female figure of Mona Lisa to the landscape in the background (Garrard and Broude 67). Combined with the paysage behind her, Gioconda becomes a symbolic reference to the natural processes of life. According to this interpretation, the female image is intertwined with the powers of nature, pertaining to the creative and destructive processes. Garrard and Broude also refer to the opinion aired by Kenneth D. Keele, who saw several signs of an advanced stage of pregnancy in Leonardo’s Gioconda (68). Thus, he considered Mona Lisa to be a symbol of the origin of life, and the female image as a symbolic source of natural powers of creation and destruction. The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck, the Flemish artist, is an allegorical piece, depicting a wealthy couple in a home setting. Although the pregnancy of the female figure in this painting is widely disputed, there are various symbolic references to the ideas of childbirth and fertility in the background. The image of St. Margaret, the saint of childbirth, over the marriage bed, symbolizes the idea of fertility and a healthy family (“The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck” par. 7). Even though the woman’s protruding abdomen is often attributed to the fashion at the time, the symbolic dimension of the van Eyck’s piece hints at the idea of pregnancy and childbirth. According to Soraya, even if the woman was not actually pregnant, the idea was crucial for the Re
The selected issue is centered around the problem of biodiversity in the UAE. Biodiversity is among the most important aspects of the environment, and thus, it is important to ensure that any ecosystem has high levels of it. The main problem with biodiversity preservation revolves around the fact that human activity generally shrinks the human-free territory available for other animal species. Therefore, it is evident that many members of flora and fauna experience a decline in their population rate and even extinction. Such processes lead to the notion that only a small subset of animals and plant life are capable of adapting to the new changing environment driven by human activity, which leads to the state where wildlife of certain territories is represented by only a handful of species of animals and plants. This can be called a decline in biodiversity, where only a few populations can survive in such conditions, and many others are either driven to extinction or become endangered. By the decision of the United Nations, 2010 was declared the International Year of Biodiversity. By this decision, the UN seeks to draw the attention of the world community and the leaders of all countries to the protection and rational use of natural resources (“2010 Biodiversity Target,” 2010). The global policy was in tune with UAE’s stance on the issue. Overuse of freshwater, energy resources, massive deforestation, modern agricultural practices, and other human activities have a devastating impact on the natural environment, leading to a reduction in biodiversity on the planet. Today, more than 7 thousand species of animals and almost 60 thousand species of plants are under threat of extinction (Tilman et al., 2017). The work was carried out to disseminate knowledge about the importance of biodiversity conservation among the general population: schoolchildren and students, workers and leaders of various industries and agriculture, politicians, and pensioners. The fact is that ecosystems and populations of living organisms inhabiting the planet cannot exist when the lower threshold or limit of biodiversity is reached. The danger of a decrease in biodiversity also lies in the fact that in this case, there is a significant reduction in the production of eco-system services, which include climate regulation, a decrease in the frequency and power of natural hazards, soil formation, natural waste disposal, water, and atmospheric air purification, creation of ecological niches for various animals, fungi, plants, microorganisms and some others (Marselle et al., 2019). Today, the cost of ecosystem services is not included in financial and economic calculations. This leads to the fact that the political leadership and the population of many countries, including the United Arab Emirates, do not have a true understanding of the state of the economy and ec
Introduction As a student, a ten-year-old boy named Alex is represented. The main task is to teach the child speaking skills that will correspond to his age group. It is planned that Alex will be able to correctly and reasonably express his thoughts in three months of regular classes. The child reads the story about his native town and based on his reading skills, a certain assessment will be made. Reading the Story The boy has read the story about his native town. It consists of the history of this place, significant events, honorary citizens of the town, etc. Thus, among the methods relevant to this type of work, Gipe distinguishes paraphrasing when the child can explain a particular phrase of text in his own words (374). Another important skill is sequencing. As Gipe remarks, this ability will be useful for the student to be able to clean up a logical chain and highlight specific points regarding their significance (369). Assessment Techniques According to the questionnaire to determine Alex’s expository reading strategies, the boy never looks over what he is going to read. He also never forms a question about the selection and usually uses a slower rate. Sometimes he tries to pronounce those words that are written in bold or italics and reads such data as diagrams and tables. In some cases, Alex answers questions when he goes along and outlines important ideas and facts. The boy confirms that he rereads the material that he does not understand and claims that he never reviews what he has read. He usually sets a time for study to have a place and needed supplies to prepare for his homework. Alex says that he sometimes can concentrate on what he studies but notes that never reads math tasks carefully if he fails to do them. The boy remarks that he is never proud of turning work into his teacher because it is not always well organized. Fig. 1. Questionnaire to determine expository reading strategies. When assessing Alex’s activities with the help of a study skills checklist, it can be noted that he knows all the peculiarities of such location information as book parts, reference materials, and alphabetization. However, he does not know some organizing data (specialized vocabulary, sequence events, information summaries, etc.). Nevertheless, he remarks that he can correctly outline. Alex can interpret graphic materials, but the information concerning maps is not assessed. He does not have any study strategy. Fig. 2. Study skills checklist. If it is about a skills test for assessing knowledge of some book parts, the boy answers the questions confidently enough and can name the title and authors of the book, as well as show its structural parts like a glossary, a table of contents, etc. However, he is not familiar with such concepts as editions, publishers, and copyright. The boy can answer the questions regarding tables and pictures but does not know anything about an index and appendixes. Fig. 3. Skills test for assessing knowledge of some boo
This paper discusses the roles of women and gender relations in the ancient world. It analyzes the advice that St. Jerome gave Gaudentius in response to her letter requesting to be advised on how to bring up her young daughter whom she had wanted to live a life of virginity in accordance with the religious fashions of that time. The paper also discusses the resistance of Roman women against the Oppian law. In the ancient world, roles of women were restricted to bringing up children and house chores. Women were supposed to avoid luxurious lifestyles and let men control them, which was a form of oppression (Livy, 1961). According to Jerome, women should be given the freedom to have what they want so that after they are exposed to all the customs, they can choose what they regard as right and abandon what they despise. In his reply to Gaudentius, which was dated A.D 413, Jerome argues that it would be wrong to control the lifestyle of a young girl through written laws. The society should focus on what the girl would be but not what she is when her mind is still young. Little girls lack self-control and concentrate on little things that are fun. They find delight in the tales they hear but not on what appears important and meaningful to the older people. For instance, if the parents have decided that their daughter should live a virginity life, as was the case with Gaudentius and her daughter, the girl should not be restricted on what to wear (Livy, 1961). They should be allowed to have what they desire and please themselves with ornaments of their choice. Little girls sho
The current state The first issue that arises with modern databases is the framework they are built on. Many database-backed applications use an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) framework, which affects the database performance (Yan et al., 2017). ORMs are used in application construction that correlates with database management systems (DBMSs) (Yan et al., 2017). It seems to ease the application development through abstracting persistent data instead of embedding SQL queries, but it also lowers the performance (Yan et al., 2017). Hiding specific query processing details leaves the programmer unaware of how the database works, making it more challenging to optimize the system. Thus, the following problem needs to be addressed in future databases. Alternative databases One of the possible solutions starts to arise with alternative database technologies such as NoSQL and Hadoop appearing. The cloud database platforms are also projected to provide a more significant workload without performance costs. Even general-purpose databases are now enabled to support several data models with extended capabilities such as in-memory storage and data virtualization. The future databases are expected to go even further and support a broader range of workloads and functions such as stream processing and secondary functionality. Database performance tuning The changes necessary for developing future databases require discovering the patterns in modern ones and improving them. The system’s functional components need to be in tune to provide a qualitative change (Zimniak et al., 2015). Since the database workload continually adapts, the information about modifications in the structure and intensity is essential in forecasting the effectiveness of future databases (Zimniak et al., 2015). The workload information can be reached through audit trails, sequences of dynamic performance views, and traces of user applications analysis. The following data collection allows the analysts to evaluate the intricate patterns to predict the future workload levels and adapt the database. One of the essential features to be taken into account is estimating future query execution time that predominantly affects the monitoring and scheduling of query processes (Zimniak et al., 2015). The information about the possible workload levels can then be used to automate performance improvement or change the future database design (Zimniak et al., 2015). The following information about the past workloads can be collected from a database management system. Real-Time Database Analytics However, due to a large amount of information needed to be processed, a database’s analytics and tuning present a complex and irregular problem. Today there appear to be no visible patterns for database assessment. Many database operations processes remain unclear because of this. Th