ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Expressionism has been viewed as one of the greatest puzzles of its epoch for quite long. It has once again posed a timeless question of the meaning of art, seemingly containing an immediate answer to it. However, considering Expressionist art solely from the ars gratia artis perspective would be unfair to the numerous artistic influences that the given movement owes its identity to. Apart from the concept of self-expression, which clearly makes the bulk of the given artistic phenomenon, expressionism also lends some of its features to the concept of feminism (Nochlin 2). Indeed, according to what Carolyn Korsmeyer’s major work, Gender and Aesthetics , says, the people who are located “outside the mandate of patriarchal society” (Korsmeyer 142) are especially inclined to demanding “their own expression” (Korsmeyer 142). Seeing how such people are traditionally ostracized in the realm of political, economical and social life, the field of art remains the only refuge for such people. The given way to look at expressionist art both broadens the definition and narrows it down in that it stretches the concept to the idea of art being used as a tool for creating the basis for equal rights – and deprives an artist of an opportunity to express anything else. Instead, the concept of expressionism seems to be more than an attempt of an artist to draw the line between his/her own world vision and the one of his/her audience. Van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889. Another possible means to define the phenomenon of expressionism, weirdly enough, come from the same source as the one that was mentioned early, yet offer an entirely different way to look at art in general and Expressionism in particular. Instead of trying to tie in the concepts of self-expression, fighting for rights, and social isolation, the given definition touches upon the phenomenon of art in general. By making people ponder over what the origins of art are per se, the given definition allows spotting the point at which the idea of Expressionist art form was born. Thus, a more exact definition based on the reasons for the given art movement to be created appears: Definitions based upon these approaches are attempts to delineate the features of genuine art from other things that may be similar, such as entertainment, but which lack some pertinent defining features, features that also separate artistic excellence from mediocrity. (Korsmeyer 112) Glorifying the phenomenon of pure art as opposed to “artistic mediocrity” (Korsmeyer 112), the given attempt at defining Expressionism might seem somewhat unfocused. While it is hard to argue that the adepts of the given artistic movement consider self-expression their top priority, considering the rest of artistic styles les genuine simply because of a difference in their focus wil
Global warming and globalization are two phenomenons that have gained worldwide attention over the past few decades. These two occurrences have had significant impacts on the environment and mankind. The 2005 film “Time and Tide” produced by the National Geographic channel under the directorship of Julie Bayer and Josh Salzman seeks to address these two major issues in a particular country. The film is set in the island nation of Tuvalu, which stretches for 700 miles in the South Pacific. It focuses on how global warming and globalization have affected Tuvalu within a period of 2 decades. The film follows sixty expatriates living in New Zealand who embark on a two-month trip to their home island of Funafuti, the capital of Tuvalu. When this group arrives in their native city, they realize that it has undergone major changes in the 20 years that they have been away. Climate changes have caused the level of the ocean to rise with devastating effects. The rising sea has submerged part of the island leading to the displacement of many of the people who lived by the shore. Global warming is considered a major catastrophe facing the world today. However, many people do not seem to make a connection between global warming and their lives since these changes are at most times affecting places that are far away. Furthermore, we are not directly affected by global warming’s adverse impacts and we fail to see how our lifestyle here affects people elsewhere. The film brought to my attention the real image of people who are affected by the rise in sea level. By witnessing the difficulties that people faced because of rising sea levels, the film helped bring the issue closer to me. The other major theme addressed by the film is globalization. The returning expatriates realize that the island has experienced great western influences. These influences have extended to the capital’s economy and its culture. An analysis of the comments and the emotions expressed by the individuals in the film concerning the current state of affairs in Funafuti brings a greater understanding of how globalization affects people. From the film, I have come to understand that while the reality of globalization is ignored by people in the developed world, it is changing the lives of many in the developing nations. The high degree of westernization caused one of the expatriates to lose interest in Tuvalu. This occurrence clearly shows that maintaining cultural identity is important especially for the older generation. Th
Introduction My current place of work is First Home Care, the place where children at risk, adults, and their families can find support, necessary education, training, and treatment. At this moment, I have to work with adults who suffer from autism and require special treatment and care. One of the main values of our organization is to respect clients and create natural settings for living close to their families. In fact, I find this value similar to those core values defined by Saint Leo University. I have already learned about the importance of educational excellence, integrity, community, and personal development. Now, I have a chance to find a practical application to my theoretical knowledge. Working with autistic people, I have to deal with poorly developed social skills, inappropriate communication, and verbal complications, and my task is not to accept them as a challenge, but as an opportunity to help, choose the best treatment options, and facilitate someone’s life. Main body During the last several weeks, my field of work included depression and suicide among autistic adults. I had to work with two clients and observe two different cases on how this mental disorder can change human life. The first client faced certain difficulties in the development of his social skills. He was not ready for appropriate conversations and had to keep his volume down. My task was to understand what made him comfortable and when my cooperation could be required. Sometimes, it was hard to choose the right period and achieve the desired results. In addition, I have to admit that people who do not talk much are at high risk of depression and suicide because it is not always possible to understand what they have in mind and what decisions they can make. The experience with another client helped me recognize the major complications of poorly developed verbal skills. Though he could say some words, it was clear that the person was not eager to talk. He just did not like talking. Therefore, as a professional caregiver, I had to encourage him to use some words and stay open to the world around him. It was not enough to ask questions and demand answers. The client has to experience support and respect that are the main values of Saint Leo University, as well as First Home Care. I cannot neglect this point but try to do my best to talk clearly and slowly because of his tendency to run people over. The final detail of my practice is a community. As well as the representatives of Saint Leo University who have to promote a spirit of belonging, the workers of First Home Care aim at providing services in the way clients can remain in communities. A community is a place when unity and mutual support guide people even if they do not have such a goal. A community is a symbolic home for millions of people. To support community development, social workers like me have to understand their res
Peace is a phenomenon that has the dove and an olive leaf as its symbol. The sense of harmony that has to exist in every heart is born out of the ashes of the spirit of regeneration of humanitarian concerns. The human heart vibrates to the string of harmony. Hence, peace is a value that is possessed by a tranquil mind . It exhibits felicity of expression and a balanced disposition. It is impartial and does not take sides. To seek peace is to seek a magnanimous heart which spreads the blanket of being pacified or to pacify any unfavorable occasion. The reason why peace is considered a value is because it creates an atmosphere genuinely accepted by all as favorable. A person who cherishes values in life will be principled and it would give him an understanding of the worth of humanity. Peace is considered to be one of the values in life because it directs a person who can be misguided. Cultivation of values in life prevents a person from nurturing an attitude that would generally be unacceptable. A speck of incertitude would blemish the superior position of the value as it is regarded as the highest form of expression. Nelson Mandela, in spite of leading an imprisoned life didn’t turn out to be an embittered person. He advocated peace. In order to substantiate that peace could be possessed only by a tranquil mind; a contrast between certain personalities can be analyzed. Osama Bin Ladan was labeled a terrorist while Martin Luther King was glorified for his egalitarian outlook. While Bin Ladan is a fanatic, King receives universal acclaim for a just cause. The difference between them is that though both of them fought for specific ideals, Bin Ladan could not develop the harmony within himself with which he could win the support of the masses. But King was just and there was perfect harmony between him and the people. In spite of having varied dimensions, the individual often exhibits the trait of the dominant character in him. Peace is the value that spreads a certain calm to a disturbed mind. The human mind is an amalgamation of complex emotional states that appear and disappear at irregular intervals depending upon the mindset of the individual. A mind incapable to accept or move against a situation creates disharmony with his natural temperament. It cannot be proved that a person reacts due to his inherent frame o
Abstract Japan is one of the most industrialized countries in the world and a leading exporter of technology-related products. However, there is a concern that the industrial sector is releasing a high amount of dioxins and furans which are very dangerous to human health. They cause cancer, reproductive health problems, and diabetes among other health-related complications. It is appropriate to find ways of limiting the release of these substances into the environment. Background Dioxins and furans are highly carcinogenic materials that often come from the industrial sector as waste substances. According to Harrad (2010), over 210 different furans and dioxins exist under different environmental factors. However, they all have a similar chemical skeleton with a chlorine atom being part of their make-up. They are highly toxic materials that pose serious public health threats (Stringer & Johnston, 2011). Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds refer to a broad range of compounds with varying levels of toxicity, the most toxic one being 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin which has a TEF of 1 (Stringer & Johnston, 2011). Studies have shown that Dioxins do not have any direct genotoxic and mutagenic activities. Vallero (2014) defines furans as “a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-member aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and oxygen.” It is a colorless, highly flammable, and very volatile liquid with a boiling point that is close to that of room temperature. This compound is very common in the industrial sectors that majorly deal with chemicals. The compound is believed to be carcinogenic. The following figure shows the molecular structures of dioxins and furans. Figure 1: Dioxin’s structure. Figure 2: Furans’ structure. Importance of limiting the compound in the environment It is very important to limit these compounds in the environment because of their serious negative consequences and their behavioral patterns. According to Wittich (2009), the primary health concern of dioxins and furans is that they are highly carcinogenic compounds. They have a behavioral pattern of climbing up the food chain once they are released into the environment. If they find their way into the sea or any large water body, they are taken up by sea animals and plants, including fish. This is so because of their nature or water-fearing. It means that instead of freely flowing in the water, these compounds quickly find their way into plants and animals in the water. They prefer animals to plants. Fish may get even more intoxicated when they continue to eat other intoxicated plants and animals in the water. If a human eats the contaminated fish, the contamination is transferred to him or her. On land, these compounds may be taken in by animals grazing on contaminated grounds. The animals may also get affected by breathing contaminated air (Bahadir & Duca, 2009). Any of the dairy products, especially milk and meat, taken from these contaminated animals will transfer the toxins to anyone who takes them. Human beings can also get contaminations directly from contaminated air or water. Studies have shown that indi
The once united nation of Korea broke into two conflicting sides that have been a wound to many citizens in the region. As one approaches the gated boarder strip that separates the North and South Korea, you can feel the military presence in the area. However, the natives have a very different perception of the events that took place before the establishment of this boarder line. The rising tensions between the two sides have been the center of the unification process (Liston par. 13). Currently, it is very difficult to tell the willingness of either of the two countries to unite. Both countries are covered by a cloud of paranoia and distrust to a point where it is almost impossible to reach to a consensus. Although there is a possible futuristic unification possibility, the process has taken too long to star. The unification process began in 15, June 2000 (Branigan par.14). This was the first time that the two countries had a meeting and decided to work towards achieving and restoring peace between them. The agreement was followed by months and years of diplomatic consensus aimed at reaching g a common ground for the two to coexist. However, this process has always been derailed by the political and economic differences between the two countries (Kim par. 20). The six decades of separation have been very difficult for the two countries hence the heavy military presence at the border where they are both separated. However, there is a seemingly positive gesture considering the Post-Korean war. The two countries though their governments have initiated fresh plan to reconcile the two nations and form a uni
Program The West Wing Addition program focused on augmenting the original museum with the new display space while incorporating different public services and support amenities needed to cater to modern users. The program consisted of two phases in which the initial phase delivered a new construction while the second phase focused on renovation of available passageways and the installation of the highly required environment control systems (I. M. Pei & Partners services 1). Although the Christian Science Center had two large executive structures, by the 1940s, it was noted that the Church facilities were already overcrowded, and by the 1960s, the Church had to spread its 2,000 employees across various locations in the Back Bay. Hence, the Extension program was meant to alleviate overcrowding and consolidate administrative offices at the headquarters to ensure consolidated, efficient operations. Significantly, the Extension to the Christian Science Center Complex program was also meant to reflect the new look and modernity of the Christian Science Church (Boston Landmarks Commission 54). Site Located in Boston, MA, the West Wing Addition site occupies a gross floor area of 121,000 s/f. It is adjacent to and partly located within the original museum building. The Addition is located between the Fenway and Huntington Avenue (I. M. Pei & Partners services 1). The Extension to the Christian Science Center occupies 18.4 acres located along Huntington Avenue in the Back Bay area of Boston. The ground floor area is about 694,000 s/f (I. M. Pei & Partners services 1). Plan The major components of the Museum of Fine Arts are elaborate. It consists of an entrance lobby and a sky-lit indoor court with several amenities. In addition, there are seat cafeteria, seat café, seat restaurant, as well as staff and private dining locations. The Addition plan also included a bookstore measuring about 600 s/f, an auditorium, an exhibition space with a gallery, an outdoor sculpture area, a seminar area, and other administrative, and support areas. The West Wing Addition is a three-story wing with 80,000 s/f of a new space. It was done in two phases under a five-year master plan that covered expansion and renovation to provide space for rearranging of collections, new galleries, and public spaces (Huxtable 1). There is a notable three-story Sunday School with an auditorium, a tall Church Administration building, a five-story church Colonnade structure consisting of offices, a reading area, an exhibition room, a cafeteria, a lounge, a media station, a basement dock, and a maintenance area. The building also has an underground car garage, well-manicured open spaces, and a Reflecting Pool with a fountain. The second phase has a semi-circular portico of the Church and expansive open space. The Extension master plan designed by I.M. Pei & Partners introduced new structures related to the main Church building. It was a significant structure added to the Mother Church Extension. It consisted of an underground parking space, an open space in the Complex, private homes and commercial establi
Introduction Born in 1772, David Ricardo was an English conformist economist. He gave a systematized conventional explanation of the 19th-century science of economics. David Ricardo extensively wrote about the Iron Law of Wages, which argued that all efforts aimed at increasing the real income of different workers yielded futile outcomes. Ricardo joined his father (who had already made heavy fortunes on the London Stock Exchange) in business at the age of 14. Even after pursuing his interest in Chemistry, Mathematics, and Geology, he developed a passion for economics after reading the book Wealth of Nations , a scholarly work by Adam Smith. David Ricardo is well known for his works such as On The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation . As revealed in this study, he developed the theory of rent, wages, and profit wrote about the Iron Law of Wages and the Theory of Comparative Advantage . The Theory of Comparative Advantage Nations produce goods and services at different efficiency levels. While two nations may have the capacity to produce two different types of goods, each of them may be best placed to manufacture or supply one of the types of goods at a higher pace relative to the other. 1 According to Faccarello, the theory of comparative advantage advocates for efficiency-oriented investment whereby nations or even firms should consider producing goods and services, which they are effective and efficient at producing. 2 Hence, as Rothbard asserts, they should be willing to incur an opportunity cost for the goods and services they are not effective at producing. 3 From the above assertion, since such goods are required in the economy, nations should consider buying them from countries, which are more efficient in their production. This strategy is the underlining principle in the theory of comparative advantage. To illustrate the theory of comparative advantage, supposing hypothetically that England can produce leather shoes at the rate of 200 pairs per hour and that it can make shirts at 125 pieces per hour. Supposing also China can produce similar shoes at the rate of 150 per hour and similar shirts at the rate of 300 pieces per hour. Table 1 below shows the opportunity costs in these two nations when they decide to produce products that they are well-positioned in manufacturing. From the illustration (see table 1), it is evident that if the cost of importation is lower relative to that of low production efficiency, then the two nations can gain from trading with one another. Table 1. Opportunity Cost and the Concept of Comparative Advantage.          Products/Units Produced Per Hour Nation   Shoes                             Shirts                 England  200                               125 (opportunity cost) China    150 (opportunity cost)            300                     Although initially developed by Adam Smith, David Ricardo formally postulated the theory of comparative advantage in his book titled On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation in which he compared the relative cost of producing wine and clothes in