ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
If an individual has a chance to save the life of another person while becoming a donor of organs, what can motivate this person act decisively? In most cases, the answer is the feeling of love typical for family members and spouses. However, the other important motivator is the financial incentive. The problem is in the fact that many persons are ready to become donors if they are provided with the compensation, but this approach is illegal in many countries, including Canada. Healthcare professionals state that the shortage of organs is a problem that cannot be effectively addressed with the help of traditional means and official healthcare programs. As a result, the waiting times for transplantation increase as well as the death rate for persons who need donors’ organs. Nevertheless, in spite of the fact that proponents of the compensation for the organ donation indicate obvious advantages of using this approach for the healthcare system, opponents emphasize the unethical character of such approaches (Barnieh et al. 1957). Persons should be compensated for organ donation because this practice increases the number of available organs for transplantation; it works more effectively than other strategies to address organ shortages; it is typical for the healthcare; and certain types of compensation are necessary despite successes of the procedure, although the organ donation compensation is usually discussed as providing the undue inducement for impoverished people. In order to attract more persons to become organ donors and address the problem of organ shortages, it is important to propose the financial compensation to donors. There is a crisis in the system of organ procurement, and more available organs are necessary to reduce the death rate of persons who need the transplantation of kidneys or liver, for instance (Gill et al. 134). The organ demand is high, and any opportunity to increase the number of available organs should be used. In addition, the study by Barnieh and other researchers indicates that 45% of potential donors and 14% of health professionals support the idea of providing the compensation for the organ donation (Barnieh et al. 1957). These numbers demonstrate that the public is ready to accept the situation when the organ donation is paid adequately. Moreover, the financial compensation works more directly and effectively than other traditional approaches to increase the number of voluntary donors. The problem is in the fact that traditional programs, including strategies “to increase the pool of transplantable organs by using expanded-criteria organs, unrelated living donation, ABO-incompatible transplants, and living donor paired exchange programs”, did not change the situation during 10 years (Barnieh et al. 1958). Thus, the problem of the organ shortages remains to be unresolved in spite of all made efforts. If the option of the material compensation is actively discussed in the
Abstract The technological breakthrough that the world has been witnessing since the mid-20 th century has affected an array of domains and the environment of education is not an exception to this rule. As a result, second language education has come to incorporate both traditional and modern tools, including software that was either designed specifically for the needs of L2 learners or that can be shaped to meet them. Understanding the direction in which IT advances can influence L2 processes is crucial to the design of teaching strategies and helping learners acquire necessary skills. In his paper, Mohsen (2016) addresses the issue of combining visual and narrative elements in a video as one of these teaching tools. Significance The study conducted by Mohsen (2016) contributes to a better understanding of the needs of L2 students, as well as how the latest technological advances can be used to meet these needs in an appropriate and timely manner. Furthermore, the author explores the opportunities for improving the quality of the teaching and learning processes alike by reconsidering how modern technologies are applied. Therefore, the significance of the article and the issue that it raises is rather high. According to the author of the study, the paper was aimed at detecting the efficacy of using narrated texts, along with the relevant imagery, by utilizing YouTube services as the means of improving students’ knowledge of the L2 vocabulary. Therefore, the research can be considered a crucial addition to the range of studies that explore the opportunities for improving L2 teaching strategies currently promoted among educators to enhance learning processes. The use of IT devices as the means of reinforcing the process of L2 skills acquisition, in general, and vocabulary learning, in particular, can become an essential element of promoting the concept of lifelong learning and the consistent acquisition of new skills among students (Rogan & San Miguel, 2013). The outcomes of the study indicated quite clearly that there is a direct correlation between the application of the teaching strategy involving the use of both narrations and pictures and the results delivered by the learners when carrying out the corresponding L2 vocabulary tests: “Positive findings of the use of annotations and captions align with previous literature findings, which reported annotations or captioning modes would help improve L2 vocabulary acquisition” (Mohsen, 2016, p. 12). In other words, the research results imply that the combination of visual and narrative elements provides a rather strong foundation for the successful incorporation of the words and collocations into the learner’s vocabulary. Mohsen (2016), however, admits that the outcomes of the study cannot be generalized to the required extent: “With regards to the tests, the number of the target vocabulary was small,
Careem specializes in offering transportation services. The foundation of the company’s operation is an app for booking private cars. Its marketing strategies are based on centering on customers’ needs and providing services of exceptional quality. That said, the focus on constant development, choosing only the best captains (drivers), investing in differentiating types of available cars from economy to first class, offering different options for payment, and opportunities for planning a trip are the core values of Careem (Careem 2017). Operating in the fast-developing market of mobile app-based car services and being a start-up, Careem faces significant marketing-related challenges and should focus on developing unique strategies for increasing customer loyalty. To begin with, Careem founded in 2012 can be perceived as successful. During the short period of its operation, the company managed to launch its services in twenty-seven cities across the Middle East region (MacBride 2016). As for now, its market share is constantly growing as well as its presence in both big and small cities across the region. The major challenge is the risk of being outperformed by Uber, the company providing identical services. These days, Careem is more influential compared to Uber mostly because of offering an opportunity to plan trips and provide cash payments, but it is commonly criticized for copying Uber’s marketing strategies (Baaghil 2016; Think Marketing 2016). With more than two million registered users (in a region of 700 million potential clients and increased interest of Uber), Careem should pay special attention to customer loyalty (MacBride 2016). In this way, the central recommendation for Careem is to build a company that would become a brand associated with services of exceptional quality – one of a kind. The focus on loyalty should become the foundation of customer relationship management (CRM) activities. To begin with, CRM is a tool commonly used for changing customer behaviors and creating the needed perception of a company among customers. It can be deployed for both managing and reinforcing customer behavior, thus increasing loyalty. To win more customers, it is essential to focus on their desires and needs (Riyad 2013). As mentioned before, Careem differentiates classes of available cars and considers differing payment options. Still, some new offers, such as planning all necessary stops during the trip or extra services and goods in the ordered car, are advisable to implement. Some of the new services might include beverages or food in case of lengthy trips as well as a Wi-Fi connection available for additional payment (beneficial for foreigners without local operators or Internet roaming services). It would guarantee appropriate care of customers’ needs and services. Another recommendation is to develop a unique ladder of loyalty to assure that the customers return to using the company’s services. It can be achieved by implementing
Introduction Patriotism is referred to as love, a sense of attachment, and devotion to one’s country. Patriotism is shown in music whereby artists express their love and dedication for their countries. American patriotic music is a culture for the United States that enhances patriotism for the country and enhances national unity. Songs that act as drivers of national unity are military themes, hymns, songs from poems, and music from the screen. Music can bring a sense of unity by examining its function in every individual’s life. By investigating the purpose that music plays in our lives, it is easier to tell why people create or listen to any music. Patriotism is shown in music whereby musicians sing to express their love, sense of attachment, and devotion towards their country. Lee Greenwood – God Bless the USA God Bless the USA is a patriotic song in America that Lee Greenwood recorded. He wrote this song to show the love, pride, and affection that he had for his country. For instance, he quotes that he is proud to be an American (Greenwood, 2016, 0:48). Lee Greenwood claims that if he were to lose everything and begin from nothing, he would start over in the united states. This is because he trusts that his freedom is only found in the United States Various musical characteristics are used in this song, such as dynamics, sustained pitch, and harmony. There is the use of piano for dynamics whereby the degree of loudness is soft (Greenwood, 2016, 0:10). Another musical characteristic used in this song is sustained pitch, whereby Lee maintains a steady state at its maximum intensity. He also uses harmony in his music, whereby more than he uses more than one note. Patriotism is shown in his song, whereby he says that he can stand up and defend his country at all costs. Jean Sibelius – Finlandia Finlandia is a tone poem that was written in 1899 by Jean Sibelius. The tone poem was composed as a result of the press celebrations to protest against the rise of censorship from the Russian. To prevent censorship from the Russian Empire, Finlandia was to be performed under various names in different musical concerts. Patriotism was shown in this tone poem by the press celebrations’ desire to end censorship. Censorship is whereby citizens are denied their rights to speech and expression. The press celebrations showed their love and affection to other people b
Introduction Effective learning only occurs when there is a reflection. Reflection is part of learning. Reflection is involved in a more meaningful way where the learner is trying to make sense of the new material herself, linking it to what she already knows. In most of the cases, reflective learning is associated with instances where there is no new material of learning. Reflection, in addition enhances learning through facilitation, of conditions that favour learning. If managed well reflection will help teachers and even support the children to bring out the solid knowledge about their practices and, therefore, adds up to their learning experience. Well-designed reflection synthesizes learning through the cooperative education. Reflective teaching enables teachers to reach their full potential through high performance and invigorate teaching. One of the major aims of learning through reflection is that it improves the quality of learning. Understanding the roles of personal and professional values is essential. Creative and competent teaching is about reflection on the evidence derived from practice. It is crucial to reflect on the capabilities and areas of proficiency. It also needs a teacher to focus on their passion. As a teacher, reflective practices help to enhance positive emotions within the work groups and departments. For many years, the process of reflection has an association with cycles. Their numbers, as well as their varieties, have characterized them. However, all these models of reflection have the same common perspectives. They all have competency-based perspective. This means that they help in the development of skills. In addition thy also have a personality perspective. This means that they have to do with personal agendas and individual enhancement. Others have experimental perspective, which means that they have experimental aspect. Reflective writing helps in improving and understanding of the links that exist between the daily activities and several ways through which effectiveness in teaching can be improved (Ghaye, 2011, p. 7). This effectiveness can be made better through the creation of high quality work practice. It also assists in the comprehension of the importance of high quality work. It also provides the ideas and several options through w
Introduction Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions are theoretical tools, which provide a conceptual framework for analyzing cultures across nations and regions to facilitate effective intercultural communication. It has 5 cultural dimensions that the managers of global corporations need to infer from when making investment decisions (Wilbur par. 4). Hofstede’s framework includes individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, long vs. short-term orientation, and masculinity vs. femininity (Wilbur par. 4). Hofstede’s five dimensions Uncertainty avoidance is the degree, to which a culture can tolerate ambiguity or a non-traditional demeanor. From Hofstede’s scale, South Korea has a score of 85, which implies that the nation is a high uncertainty-avoiding country. Therefore, the Koreans maintain rigid codes of belief and behavior. They are intolerant of unorthodox ideas as well. This defines the Koreans as hard-working people who observe time. However, they may resist innovation and consider security more as an individual motivating element. On the other hand, the United States scores 46 on the scale that describes this country as a society that accepts uncertainty. Masculinity vs. Femininity measures the role of aggression, achievement, and gender in society. South Korea scores low on this scale (39) while the US scores high (62), implying that the Koreans are a feminist society whereas the Americans are a masculine society. In South Korea, they value equality, solidarity, and quality working relationships. Long vs. short-term orientation reflects on how societies search for truth or stick to values (Wilbur par. 13). In other words, long-term societies easily forego short-term gains for long-term gains. On the other hand, short-term individuals are flexible and adjust according to the situation (Wilbur par. 13). South Korea and the United States score 75 and 29 on this scale. This depicts the Koreans as a long-term-oriented society that is guided by virtue. The corporations in Korea view business growth as always growing gradually, while the Americans are short-term-oriented individuals who are rational and mind about immediate results and current social stability. This makes them strive for quick results. Individualism vs. collectivism concerns the relationships in society. Individuals in individualistic societies care about personal identity (Wilbur par. 17). Laws within the society protect individual rights and status. However, collectivist society individuals value protection of the group identity and welfare. South Korea scores 18 and the US scores 91, which means that the Koreans are a collectivist society whose members value strong group and family relationships.
Introduction The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (hereinafter referred to as “the MMA”) was enacted into legislation in 2003 for the purpose of decreasing Medicare expenses because of existing and ever-increasing Medicare budgetary shortfalls. In decreasing Medicare expenses, the MMA specifically targeted oncology pharmaceutical reimbursement by imposing reductions on physician reimbursement by tens of billions of dollars. The initial billion dollar reductions were supposed to take place over a period of five years. However, what actually occurred was these reductions taking place in year one with even more reductions taking place in years two through five. While not all agree, the implementation of these reductions has directly affected accessibility and quality of care in oncology for the Medicare patient primarily in the community oncology arena. Examples of which include, oncologists opting for early retirement, the closing of rural oncology practices, and larger regional practices closing their outreach clinics. These closings force cancer patients to commute in upwards of 90 miles to over 120 miles away from their homes, often times multiple days a week, for cancer treatment. Furthermore, community oncologists must choose regimens that avoid financial loss, and not necessarily those that are the most effective, or the least toxic for the patient. Many of these physicians simply cannot accept Medicare patients who do not also have secondary insurance because of these reimbursement shortfalls. Where do these patients go? Many go without care, obtain treatment too late because they are shuffled around, and/or are relegated to indigent care clinics. The MMA therefore has succeeded in saving Medicare money, but in doing so has failed to provide adequate care to those to whom they are responsible. So, other than community oncologists, who really cares? Organizations like the AARP are suspiciously silent on the matter, cancer patients themselves are faced with the prospect of dying and are therefore not likely to become actively involved in ensuring they receive the care and the treatments they deserve, and physicians are hesitant to join together to effectuate legislative change
This has been defined as the dramatic monologue that provides the fantasy of reflections that forms a series which is usually not spoken. James has defined it by arguing that, this is when an individual speaks to him/herself while is on stage. He also termed them as characters in a fiction talking in character (Hirsh 23). This convention in 16 th -17 th century received much acceptance and was used artfully by Shakespeare William as a way of showing the minds of his character or even in developing characters, (Jenkins 76), on the other hand, it has been indicated that Pierre Corneille used it when emphasizing its lyricism. A part from them, Jean Racine liked it for just for the effects that were dramatic. This act was very much in 1660-1685 in the plays that were English Restoration, and then it felt into disfavor. After 17 th century, the act was rejected by the likes of Ibsen among other dramatists, this continued until 19 th century when it gained usage again in plays that were termed as natural. Many actors in the last decade of the 20 th century, were also not using this art of soliloquy because of being artificial, “but Miller Arthur and Tennessee Williams among others”, (Hirsh 32), used the art of soliloquy in the process of introducing narrators on stage who did not like the idea of doing it by themselves, on the reason of hating it or just being amused. The art of using self-directed speeches has got a way among modern scripwriters, among them, “John Guare and Friel Brian, and the daydreams that that is confide”, (Jenkins 86), by several actors in listeners, has nevertheless been accepted to a culture that has been known in most films. This essay tries to answer the question; what are the functions of soliloquy in the Hamlet play. In the essay I intend to argue out the reasons that might have made William Shakespeare make use of soliloquy in this kind of work. Hamlet play, narrates a story that makes individuals to adapt and make continue retelling it forever. In the rein of Shakespeare hamlet was one of his popular works he had ever produced, and up to date, the play still highly ranked among his plays are performed most, for instance topping the most royal Shakespeare firm’s list from 1879, (Shakespeare 12). This play opened on a frosty night at Elsinore. The play itself is a tragedy of Hamlet, who was a prince of Denmark. The exact year in which this play was written is not known, though there is a believe that it was written between 1599 and 1601. In the whole play of hamlet, the plot is maintained on a prince who wants to revenge
Importance of evidence-based practice to nursing Evidence-based practice is a form of healthcare whereby nursing practices are shaped by the key findings from major research (Polit and Beck, 2008). Solid research is usually identified and implemented in nursing practice. The goal is usually to increase the quality of patient care. It may also ensure cost-effectiveness in nursing. The research that is trusted to provide information that would transform the nursing field varies among institutions. Some only consider randomized clinical trials as valid research. However, others may use expert opinions or case studies. The qualitative research process involves the collection of information through interviews and discussions in order to understand the patients’ experiences (Polit and Beck, 2011). For such research to be reliable, data collection and testing must be free of bias. Such research produces accurate information that may be used to shape evidence-based practice in nursing (Polit and Beck, 2006). The research problem of the chosen article was to identify the key factor that influenced the individual’s ability to adopt the principles of ‘Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating’ (DAFNE). This research problem may be used for evidence-based nursing because it is a qualitative research aimed at investigating an issue faced by persons with diabetes type 1 (T1DM). The results may be used to improve nursing care for the diabetic. Elements influencing believability of the research The article, ‘A longitudinal qualitative study examining the factors impacting on the ability of persons with T1DM to assimilate the Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) principles into daily living and how these factors change over time’, was well written. This may be seen in the way scientific words were well selected to fit the particular study and the field of nursing. The authors were also careful to avoid medical jargon by using language and vocabulary relevant to the medical field. Therefore, this promoted the understandability of the piece of work. The paper was also well organized in such a way that it followed the format of writing a research paper. The sections that were expected to be present in the paper included the abstract, introduction, literature review (background), methodology, results, discussion and conclusion. The areas expected to be included in the methodology section were the various ways in which the sample was selected, the data collection methods, the data analysis procedures and rigor. In this paper, all these sections were present. Another element influencing the believability of this research is the authors’ qualifications or positions. The authors of the paper were well knowledgeable and showed a degree of knowledge in the field of nursing and medicine in general. Dympna Casey and Kathy Murphy were working in the School of Nursing and Midwifery. They had studied in the National University of Ireland (Galway, Ireland). Julia Lawton, on the other hand, was in the Public Health Science section and Center for Population Health Sciences. She had pursued her studied in the Medical School in the University of Edinburgh (Teviot Place). Flo