ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Poverty, like most aspects of society, is an ever-evolving concept and differs substantially from what it looked like at the beginning of the last century. According to Dalrymple, distinguishing poverty is concerned with its relativity to those who are rich. The basis and goal of any welfare system in an egalitarian society is collecting the wealth and distributing it among those who do not have it. Such distribution was unable to eliminate poverty, but it did change it. In his experience, Dalrymple explains that the United Kingdom citizens have long surpassed what is considered to be poverty and are offered many human rights such as food, health care, housing, and even entertainment. Often, he refers to his colleague doctors from countries such as India or the Philippines, where poverty is prevalent, and their interpretations of deprivation in England. With ethical arguments from Burnor, it can be argued that Dalrymple’s statements are shallow and based on his values and not the experience of those he is judging. Main Argument Dalrymple argues that what is often called poverty in England is more similar to ‘squalor.’ The instance of the rude patient, a man who had overdosed on heroin and then verbally abused doctors, is a part of his reasoning. Dalrymple states that the comfort and certainty of having the government provide the necessities to live have negatively impacted lower-income and disadvantaged groups. It is stated: “the squalor of England was not economic but spiritual, moral, and cultural” (Dalrymple). Thus, spiritual poverty is more severe and intricate than mere material poverty. Dalrymple concludes that the access had made them live in ‘squalor’ and live lifestyles that were poorer in a spiritual sense and forced these people into stagnation. Argument Support Dalrymple further supports his claim with another situation he had an encountered with. The case focuses on a woman from a low-income and unstable background who was in the hospital for a drug overdose-related suicide attempt. She described the hardships that took place over the last years of her life. Initially, the primary source of difficulty was her ex-boyfriend, who broke into her apartment and caused severe damage to the property. Here, Dalrymple implied that it would be reasonable to break contact with the ex-boyfriend and find new housing with social organizations’ assistance. He also discussed the reasoning behind engaging with a man she knew to be violent, though the woman did not give a direct answer. However, later in the day, it was recorded that the woman contacted the ex-boyfriend who came to visit her. Here, Dalrymple enforces his o
The present world is witnessing dramatic competition in the business arena due to the increasing number of private organizations. To overcome this competition, companies are spending huge amounts on publicity, trying to attract more public. This advertising has not left targeting even children, resulting in a great impact on young minds. This is possibly due to the fact that children can be motivated easily, as they are innocent and cannot analyze the pros and cons of a product or an issue. Moreover, visual media, a television, in particular, has a greater role in this as many children spend hours watching televisions and effective advertising through this media potentially influences their immature thoughts. Though this kind of aggressive advertising may earn profits for organizations, questions of morality arise due to the possible effects of this scenario. It is obvious that young kids do not have reasoning ability, and they just believe whatever they see. This is the basic reason for companies to aim their advertising at kids. If a product is advertised in an attractive manner to children with eye-catching visuals and sweet dialogues, they lean automatically towards that product. They may not even know whether that product is useful to them or not. Some kids even go stubborn to get what they want. It becomes impossible to change their tender minds and convince them. This turns into a positive point for companies as this immature stubbornness makes elders fulfill the wishes of their children willingly or unwillingly. However, it seems that companies are not concentrating on the negative impacts of aggressive advertising. The possible implications in respect to the financial position of parents and the e
In this paper, we intend to develop a marketing strategy for such products as hot sauce. The company can choose from three options or methods of promotion, in particular, undifferentiated, differentiated, and concentrated approaches (Armstrong & Kotler, 2006). Under certain circumstances, each technique can be used quite effectively. In this case, we shall give preference to undifferentiated marketing, which is supposed to address all segments of the target audience. This choice is mostly determined by the peculiarity of the product: the thing is that hot sauce enjoys considerable demand among people of different age, sex, social status, cultural, or ethnic origin etc. Naturally, women are more likely to buy it but their preponderance is not so great that we should orient hot sauce only towards them. Still, undifferentiated marketing sets very high standards because we need to give our hot sauce a superior image, which would immediately attract the attention of potential customers. As it has been pointed out earlier, we would have to reach various segments of the market, or target population, and they are extremely diverse. They can differ in terms of their cultural, social, psychological, characteristics. Each of these parameters has to be taken into account. In order to describe each of the target markets for this product, one should first conduct thorough sociological research. However, we can advance a hypothesis that hot sauce is of great popularity among the owners of fast food restaurants, housewives, married couples, elderly men. This list can be further continued, yet, there is no need to do so. Furthermore, these people can be of different financial status, which means that we should not attach primary importance to the price as this appeal may be los
The careful definition of variables of importance is a fundamental step in any research process. Indeed, the definition and operationalization of key variables are indispensable processes in any scientific research as they enable the researchers to have a closer understanding of the relevant variables, ultimately enabling them to measure the variables (Wimmer & Dominick, 2005). Most qualitative research processes depend on observations, and such observations cannot be realized if the researcher does not clearly state what is to be observed. According to the hypothesis and research questions, service satisfaction, morale and the desire to quit service forms the dependent variables, while payment levels and tenure conditions form the independent variables. Other independent variables include family stabilization and occupational stress. Some of the above variables are interrelated to each other. In any research process, it is fundamental to elaborate on the operational definitions and conceptualized relationships between the independent and dependent variables (Wimmer & Dominick, 2005). The payment level is related to turnover and job satisfaction. The tenure conditions are all related to the dependent variables of turnover, morale, and job satisfaction. Tenure conditions include pay, occupational stress, performance appraisal, the stability of base conditions, levels of training available for the military personnel, and openings for promotion. In this interrelationship, one independent variable is capable of influencing another independent variable to negatively or positively influence a dependent variable. For instance, performance appraisal has the ability to positively impact occupational stress, which in turn curtails turnover levels and boost job satisfaction and morale. The following schema depicts the expected interrelationships. Data gathering strategies need to be carefully defined in any research process. The choice of data gathering strategies will have a direct bearing on the validity and reliability levels achieved by the study results. In this perspective, it is important to choose appropriate data collection procedures. According to Trochim (2006), qualitative data sources include participant observation, direct observation, focus groups, unstructured questionnaires, documents and t
In the past, women were revered in their own special way. This was because they were respected as the bearers of children who grew up to be great leaders. Women were held in great esteem and viewed as the back bone of homesteads. Females were recognized as care givers to the children in ancient times. This is evident by the fact that several tales are focused on the upbringing of the children by their mothers. Women were seen emotional and attached to their children. Homer Hesoid and Hugh G Evelyn-White pointed out that “they would go to great lengths to protect their children” (109). In ancient Greece, the goddess known as Demeter went on a long search for her daughter, Persephone, who was taken by the son of Cronus, the dark God of the underground kingdom, Hades, unwillingly. Her screams were unheard throughout the land, and only one person heard her shrill. The search of grieving Demeter for her daughter took a long time, and that is the thing that made the tale a legendary one. She traversed the lands looking for Persephone who she loved dearly. It may be interesting to note that although she was a goddess, she even went to the extent of disguising herself as a mortal so that she would be able to get close to mortals and care for a child as her own. The goddess Demeter also wanted to rid of her duties. She planned to do this by disrupting the natural flow of events that would lead to the awful consequences. She stopped the seeds that mortals planted in the earth from sprouting. This was also accompanied by drought that led to deaths among the mortals. All these were because of her frustrations of not being able to find her daughter. It shows that women were ready to sacrifice anything including the lives of the others to save their own children. The goddess wandered across the land with flames in her hands as she searched for her daughter signifying her wrath. She was ready to take on the person who had brought her misery by taking her daughter. Another fact that may be noted is that when she was summoned by Zeus, the King of the Gods, who nobody dared to disobey, she refused to come. This shows her determination. Since it was a severe break of the rules for a god not to sit at the council when required, Demeter was considered to be transgressing. The fact that the king understood her woes and did not interfere in her search shows that women were respected even when they behaved in undignified manner. Such was the case with the Egyptian Goddess Isis who went to did everything possible to ensure that her husband Osiris was brought back to life. When the brother of her husband tricked and killed Osiris, she was very distraught because the killer went ahead and claimed all the property of the dead king for himself. This included Isis who was resentful of the whole idea. She went to great lengths to ensure that her husband was resuscitated and even after Set found out that Osiris wa
Abstract Starting up a new business that is competitive and is in demand by customers is hard to form. The planning stage of the new business is very important and it needs to address five topics. First is to pick out a location suitable for business, and in this case it can be identified as the Waikiki Marketplace which offers little competition for a book store specializing in used books. Secondly, the business idea needs to be solid and the startup costs should be covered. Lease financing and partner capital proves to be the solution in this case. The next thing on consideration is to look at the expected competition and demand. Due to low competition the demand is expected to be high in the case of the book store. With product improvement and positive usage of advertisement and promotions, the demand is expected to be high. Finally, the last part considers the environmental factors. The goal here is to work in a way to make social, economical and political factors favorable. Innovative Business Set Up in Honolulu Starting up a new business is a complex process. Even more difficult is to start up a business that is different from the existing competition, and meets the demands of the current core of educated and informed customers. To achieve the desired targets, it is important to look at the perspective location, business idea, expected competition, expected demand, and finally the environmental factors such as social, economical and political which will affect the business. These concepts have been applied to the planning stage of a retail shop carrying used books for sale, based in Honolulu. Location Honolulu is the largest city in Hawaii. Therefore, it is the ideal location for a new business to be set up. Location in this city can attract a mixture of both locals and tourists. The ideal location within Honolulu is the little shopping center known as Waikiki Marketplace. On visiting the site, it is observed that little shopping center has no book store. It is a good setting for a small business. Assistance financial programs are also offered for new businesses. The sizes of the shops are small to medium which also fits the ideology for an initial set up. Business Idea / Startup Costs The idea is plain and simple, and the focus is on maximizing start up costs. The combination of lease financing for the shop rent and capital of thirty thousand should cover for the start up costs. Along with a physical store opening in the local marketplace, a virtual online storefront is also planned. The web has fast become an essential part of business, and it helps in increasing the sales as it reaches buyers that are hard to reach, for example disabled people. “People w
Measurement concepts have some distinct goals. The first is to help young children understand the description of measurement and how to solve the issues related to mathematics. This includes an understanding of the features that need to be measured, the way units are applied, and understanding of the way measuring devices operate. The second goal can be described as measurement sense where there is knowledge about the most generally used standard units, a capacity of estimating with frequently used measures, and elasticity with the use of associated units. The third outline is the development and application of standard mathematical formulas, where there are areas and volume formulas for certain distance and shapes. Estimation in measurements is most likely the essential element that children can perform to improve measurement sense. Estimation of measurement is a greatly reflective action that evades the normal process of using scales and rulers to obtain measurements. It helps generate standards for units and improves knowledge about essential units, as well as generates flexible ideas about the sequence for all measurement fields (Charlesworth & Lind, 2012, p. 241). Normally, there is a difference between the distance of straight and the distance between two points that have a bent shape. Children might primarily believe that these measurements are similar, but it is vital to help distinguish these points of measurement between two different points and shapes. Children should be shown how to differentiate these points through practical demonstrations to help identify the informal mathematical measurement. Children should be helped when measuring directly and indirectly with both arbitrary units and standard measures from their initial stage of learning (Charlesworth & Lind, 2011). Block building provides an example of importance of games in mathematical learning experiences. Through building with blocks, a child regularly collects the experiences with the manner in which items can be associated.
Role of law enforcement Policies are often meant to guide a given course in a given setup. Most federal policies like the ‘three-strikes laws’ and the capital punishment are meant to aid the organs that are charged with the responsibility of maintaining law and order in the states to deal with certain attributes of law enforcement. The ‘three-strikes laws’ is a policy that is used in the United States to aid courts in dealing with the problem of habitual law breakers in different state courts. The policy recommends the imposition of harsher sentences on people who are fond of breaking the law. The policy applies to people who engage in serious crimes like felony. On the other hand, the capital punishment is a policy that guides the prosecution of the people who have committed serious crimes. In most cases, such people are given heavy penalties that match the crimes committed. Law enforcement bodies play several roles in the two main policies. First of all, the law enforcement bodies, in this case the courts, have to interpret the issues that are spelled in the policies. This is done as a means of justifying the course that is taken by the law in relation to a person who is associated with the crimes that are spelled in the policies. The law enforcement bodies implement each set of recommendations in the policies. The law enforcers and the courts make the final act on the recommendations and have to ensure that all the stipulated points in the policies are adhered to in order to avoid controversies about the judgment made (Walsh, 2007). Role of prosecutors and courts Miller (2009) observed that the role of prosecutors is quite elaborate when it comes to the two policies of the ‘three-strikes laws’ and the capital punishment. For the ‘three-strikes laws’, the prosecutors are charged with the responsibility of digging into the prosecution history of a given offender and affirm that the crimes committed by the offender qualify as ‘three-strikes’. The prosecutors and the courts have to analyze the evidence and the quality of the evidence presented under each case. This is the mechanism through which they can ascertain the validity of each case. In both policies, the courts and the prosecutors have to ensure that they make a distinction between the provisions in the policies and other state and federal statutes. Therefore, it can be argued that the prosecutors and the courts are the main determinants of the level of efficiency and effectiveness in the enforcement of the policies. According to Miller (2009), the prosecutors have to line-up the events as opined by each policy since the three-strike offenders are subjected to capital punishment. Role of corrections Correctional bodies are charged with the responsibility of implementing the decisions and recommendations made by the courts about the victims of the policies. The corrections have to separate between the corrective aspects and the punitive aspects as prescribed in the court decisions concerning the victims of the capital punishment and the ‘three-strikes laws’. The correctional services have an elaborate role that entails dealing with the emerging issues concerning capital offenders
Article Summary The article under analysis called From the Asian Miracle to an Asian Century? Economic Transformation in the 2000s and Prospects for the 2010s is dedicated to assessing the shifts in the Asian economies, as well as factors contributing to those shifts. Specific emphasis has been placed on highlighting the reasons of economic recession in Asian district that might lead to the global economic crisis. More importantly, the researchers also argue that Asia may become the main cause for global inflation due to the advanced focus on Asia’s export operations. To shed light on the roots of the problem, the authors start examining the preconditions of economic pressures presented in the report. Despite the fact that the report focuses on the successful relationship between economic progress and public policy, it still provides evidence to the lack of sustainability in the Asian growth due to the constant increase in inputs and absence of productivity improvement. The emerged inconsistence led to the recession during 1997-1998 financial crisis resulting in the depreciation of currencies, as well as decline in investments and financial markets. Apart from these circumstances, pulling foreign capital from the region was the most serious reason for the Asian financial crisis. Further in the article, the scholars pay attention to the importance of India and China for improving economic situation in the entire Asian region. In particular, recent financial crisis has fostered the shift of economic activities toward Asia, which led to the reinforcement of Asian countries. Despite the negative economic experience in Asian region, the author predicts that China will have taken an advantage over the U. S. economy by 2016 and will have become the world’s most powerful economy. Other representatives of Asian region are also likely to reach the level of economic growth in Europe and North American regions as far as global production share is concerned. By 2050, Asian could capture more than half of the entire economy. The predictions represented in the article are confirmed by figures and calculations stipulating the change that will follow the economic progress in Asian countries. Apart from success, the economies can also face serious challenges due to the three fundamental changes. To begin with, the economic importance of the region is largely predetermined by integration of global supply chains and recognition of the Asian economies as important commodity consumers. Further, emergence of significant current account surpluses, f