ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Consumption is central to many global economies and has contributed to the phenomena of globalization. This consumption of the world has changed the way we consume some products and the reasons for engaging in such activities. The increase in consumption and release of leftovers has consequently posed environmental challenges ranging from degradation, global warming, and deadly diseases. Improvement of communication and information technology has contributed to advanced forms of advertisement that promote the consumption and exploitation of markets down to the most localized places within the global village. Consumption is currently viewed as a kind of competition where it is analyzed and consumers are rated by how much they consume. One of such products that the world consume largely are cosmetics that are associated with civilization as they touch on human appearance and odor It was last week when I realized that my perfume was exhausted and while I was going through Mexico city I decided to buy another perfume but this time I needed to change the brand I was used to. I was having in mind a brand that has recently hit the media advertisements. I bought it and it has been gorgeous for me. Most of my friends have liked it and this confirms that my $15 for the new brand is paying off. Although there were many cosmetic products on the shelves, most of them cheaper, I went for this product because of the emphasis of its ‘glory’ on the consumer. My concern has however been raised by my mother who claims that she is allergic to the fragrance and prefers a neutral brand. These controversies are not new in cosmetic consumerism and this inspired me to search deep into the analysis of cosmetic consumer products. Cosmetics are for example perfumes like the one I bought, skin care creams, lotions, powders, lipsticks among others used to improve one’s appearance. There has been a proliferation of low and medium-priced category products that takes almost 90% of the cosmetic market in volume (Sanju et al. 4). Moreover, there is increased demand for cosmetics in the urban population due to their better buying power, the changing culture, concern for looking better, availability of a wide range of products, and developed advertising technology. The consumption of cosmetics has increased and this has led to increased production, importation, and distribution. There has been substantial growth in the cosmetic industry with the united stated leading in production and market followed by Japan, Germany, Italy, and France (Sanju et al. 9). The enormous cosmetic consumption in the world is worth raising some safety, health, environmental, and economic concerns over the products in the global product consumer. Many people spend less time pondering about the material they often rub in to their skin pores, smear on their faces, brush onto their eyebrows and so no. The naked reality is that these products are chemicals that, like many others, can cause great harm under some circumstances. The ingredients that are used to make cosmetics are de
One Flew Over Cuckoo’s Nest film was released in the wake of 1975. Directed by the celebrated director Czech Milos Forman, the film remains one of the greatest movies of all time. Unlike the common conventional films One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975) carries an allegorical subject which is developed in the world of bona fide mental hospital. The setting is in essence a place of insurgence exhibited by a brisk, ostentatious, cunning anti-hero against the establishment, institutional influence including the status quo stance (aped by supervisory nurse). The film was produced during the prime period of communism in the world. The asylum was symbolically employed to reflect the communist Soviet Union. Hence, the protagonist in the film protests against the rampant abuse by the authorities who seems to control each and every aspect of individual freedom. The film was decisively released after the resignation of America’s president Richard Nixon. Exploring the dynamics of the social presentation where such aspects as anti-authoritarian elements in the wake of 1970s are explored. This involves examining counterculture evolution. From the wake of the early 60s to the late 70s the global society was chasing after dynamic change in all spheres of communal involvement. Eventually this resulted in the call for system change where the individuals could enjoy and cherish their diverse human rights. This is well illustrated by the lead character in the film One Flew Over Cuckoo Nest where protagonist Randal McMurphy is out to change the system. Considering communism had swiped across the globe, many countries were governed under severe conditions which bordered on mental asylum. To elaborate the conflict of ideologies of this period both McMurphy and Nurse Ratched are presented as the two contrasting political systems, capitalism and communism. The conflict is illustrated where McMurphy after the primary grouping meeting asserts that the meeting resembled a “pecking party” . Also the manner Nurse Ratched runs the asylum with almost mechanical brutality reflects the nature of political hostility that was being injected into the society through such ideological concepts as communism. Therefore, to understand the aspects of change which were apparent during this era McMurphy depicts the extreme political and economic face of capitalism. Hence, the Contrasting and conflicting bond between McMurphy and Nurse Ratched illustrates how the cold war emerged and shaped the global inclination towards the complex social, political and economic ideologies. Thus, the film engagement with the scope of asylum is just but symbolic aspects of delivering the message. However, the film equally captures the elements of religion which were a central issue during the wake of 1960. The Vietnam War saga ignited the dire need to examine the political, economic and social relationships globally. Hence, the film The Deer Hunter which was released in the wake of 1975. The film in es
Introduction Inasmuch as many people find it difficult to maintain little physical activity, engaging in regular physical exercises such as aerobics and less intense physical activities such as jogging, walking, and dancing often play a vital role in reducing frequencies of contracting diseases such as cancer, heart problems, and other chronic health problems. In the developed world, the most popular causes of death include cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Some of the risk factors associated with such diseases include lifestyle characteristics such as smoking, hypertension in the arteries, obesity, and high blood sugar levels. Such conditions or a combination of such conditions compromises the body’s immune system from fighting back, hence increasing vulnerability. In order to reduce blood sugar level, fats, and calories in the body, health care practitioners and nutritionists encourage healthy eating habits and regular physical activities to regulate the blood sugar levels and the control storage of calories. Exercise lowers the risk of suffering from diseases Weight control Weight and obesity traits present ample body conditions for chronic and lifestyles. Heart condition, hypertension, kidney failures, and cancer are prevalent in people with high body masses. Controlling weight, therefore, translates to reduced chances of contracting unhealthy conditions. Both dieting and engaging in physical activities help in controlling body weight. Human physiology dictates that the rates at which people add weight has a direct correlation with the rate at which such persons burn their calories they take in foods. Physical activities such as jogging, running, and walking up the staircases help the body systems in burning calories (Reimers, Knapp, and Reimers 111). Strengthening bones and muscles Human bones and muscles grow fragile with age. People with less body activity suffer risks of osteoporosis more than individual with physical body activity. Even though care remains necessary in physical activities at old age, research indicates that walking, jogging, and other moderate physical activities help in strengthening the muscles and bones. Likewise, aerobics with moderate intensities slow the rate of bone loss, leading to reduction in cases of brittleness and weakness in the bones. Keeping bones and muscles active help in ensuring fitness of body joints, thus reducing cases of hip and wrist fractures associated with osteoporosis (Reimers, Knapp, and Reimers 115). Improving mental health, physical stability, and mood Body inactivity reduces thinking, learning, and judgment skills. Similarly, it increases vulnerability to depression and stress disorders that reduces life expectancy. On the other hand, physical activities help in enhancing mental health and mood. Engaging in aerobics like dance and jog enhance
Introduction Many luxury hotels and rentals around the world are managed by corporations that have assets in many different popular resorts. These businesses use their expertise to create a network of properties that offer excellent service based on high international standards. Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts is one such organisation, based in Canada and operating hotels in many famous locations as well as renting homes and residences. However, unlike many other well-known hotel chains, it does not own these properties, which is a noteworthy aspect of its business strategy. There are also other aspects of its approach that deserve further consideration. Being a privately held company, Four Seasons is less open to public scrutiny than many other businesses. As such, the purpose of this report is to attempt a thorough investigation of the organisation’s strategy and the reasons for its success. Situational Analysis Four Seasons has existed for a considerable time, expanding continuously throughout most of its existence. According to About us (2020), it began in 1960 but adopted its current strategy and began developing actively in 1970, entering the U.S. in the 1980s and starting worldwide growth in the 1990s. The organisation focuses on luxury hotels and residences, providing excellent five-star service at competitive prices. It is also open to innovation and experimentation for the sake of satisfying its clients’ expectations and improving their experience. As a result, Four Seasons is generally considered one of the world’s best hotel chains, in terms of both pricing and the quality of service. Its stated or
According to Charles Darwin, natural selection is a process whereby the survival of different living organisms depends on their gradual adaptation to certain environments over many generations. It is commonly known by the phrase, ”survival of the fittest”, which means that only the species that have well adapted to their environment, is well suited to survive in that habitat. The theory of natural selection by Charles Darwin also states that, variations in size, shape, strength, and color do occur naturally in all living things. These natural variations, called mutations through evolution, affect which living organisms will survive to live long enough to reproduce. For instance, animals with traits or qualities that are well suited to their environment, such as long legs in wading birds, are more likely to survive long enough to breed than others of their species. When these animals breed, they may pass on the favorable traits to their offspring through their genes, while those with unfavorable traits are most likely to die without reproducing. As more and more organisms in a particular species inherit a favorable trait, the gene becomes more common in the population, and so the species changes. Reactions to Charles Darwin’s Theory Creation Theory Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection encountered a sharp reaction especially at Evangelical Protestantism, since it greatly undermined the story of creation by God and current defenses of the faith at two critical points. By implication, it questioned the audacity of accuracy of the Bible, which had been his most important exhibit in demonstrations of “evidences” for Christianity. Secondly, Darwinism, as the theory came to be known, also totally reversed the perceptions of the relation of science to the Christian faith. In the mid-nineteenth century, American Christian apologists rested their case heavily on the argument through scientific revolution, by uncovering some of the marvels of God’s intricate and awesome design of the universe. They argued that it was inconsistent to rationally believe that such a complex and orderly system could lack an intelligent designer. In addition, the Protestant reactions to Darwinism did vary considerably, they argued that if Darwinism had to do simply with biological development, the process it posited could only be subsumed under God’s providence, and they suggested that evolution was a way of God doing things. Lamarck’s theory During this period, the American scientific arena was dominated by a formidable number of scientists who did not find the natural-selection hypothesis adequate enough. A few naturalists endowed with much flexibility of mi
Introduction In every study, ethical issues are of great importance as they act as a guide in every research process. Every study is expected to adhere to the research ethics in every step of the evaluation. Therefore, before entering into the first stage in programs evaluation, it is always advisable to make the necessary ethical considerations. This will be of great importance in enhancing research integrity. In other words, it is always advisable to integrate the rights and the respect for the individuals involved in the research while designing any study or research. It is also important to ensure that vulnerable participants for instance in the cases where the participants are children or from any other vulnerable group are taken care of. In this case, the main participants will be crime victims who are either under probation or who have been released under parole. In this case, ethical issues become a critical issue. There are a number of associations which provides the framework under which such a program evaluation should be conducted. These associations play a pivotal role in guiding the researchers in research operations. This includes methods of data collection and analysis, and reporting on program evaluation Discussion. Key ethical issues in program evaluation Privacy or confidentiality Confidentiality is one of important ethical issues involved in the current program evaluation. The participants should be guaranteed the privacy for the information given. In the current program, the participants may be required to give their names for instance when some information need to be clarified from the records. In every research, it is important to keep the confidentiality of the data retrieved. The interviewer is supposed to observe the privacy of the people who provides the materials during the interview (Iltis 2006: 87). In order to maximize the privacy of the respondents in this study, the names of the respondents should not be written on the questionnaires. However, the respondents will be free to give their names out of their own will. Similarly, quotations will only be included at the consent of the respondents. In order to ensure that the information given is not accessed by wrong individuals who may abuse it, it would be advisable to destroy all the questionnaires after entering the information retrieved in the system. Benefits and Risk
Problem Description Incidences of nosocomial infections have been increasing in the ICU due to poor maintenance of hygiene in the use of medical devices such as syringes, catheters, and ventilators. Nosocomial infections in the ICU have a negative impact on the clinical interventions and nursing care that patients receive (Scales, 2011). Given that critical care nurses ensure that patients receive appropriate therapies and health care, the presence of nosocomial infections complicates the health conditions of the patients and consequently treatment requirements. Additionally, nosocomial infections increase the length of stay and the cost of medical care. According to Safdar and Abda (2008), “approximately 2 million patients each year in the United States acquire nosocomial infections, resulting in some 90,000 deaths and adding an estimated $4.5 to $5.7 billion per year to the costs of patient care” (p. 933). Hence, there is a need to educate critical care nurses on how to maintain hygiene when using medical devices that increase the risk of nosocomial infections. The deficit in the application of evidence-based practices that are in tandem with current preventive measures is an issue that the hospital needs to address. As a baseline preventive measure, the critical care nurses in the hospital employ conventional practices such as hand hygiene, cleansing of catheter sites, and sterilization of the medical devices. Despite using these conventional interventions in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections, the incidence rates of the infections continue to remain high. In a study, Ding et al. (2009) find out that the rate of nosocomial infections in the ICU ranges from 22% to 32% depending on the clinical practices and nursing care that patients receive. Such figures are very high because they imply that about a third of patients in the ICU are at risk of losing their lives due to nosocomial infections. The increase in the incidences of nosocomial infections is attributable to the deprived hygienic conditions of the ICU, poor maintenance of catheters and ventilators, improper use of antiseptics, and lack of antiseptic-impregnated catheters (Kathleen et al., 2011). Thus, the hospital needs to upgrade preventive and control measures of nosocomial infections in the ICU. Solution Description The education of critical care nurses is an appropriate intervention for reducing incidence rates of nosocomial infections in the ICU. The rationale for using education as a proposed solution is that it facilitates the adoption and utilization of evidence-based practices (Chittick & Sherertz, 2010). Evidence-based practices are effective in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections in the ICU because they forestall medical errors due to the use of opinions and assumptions, which are quite misleading (Milstone, Passaretti, & Perl, 2008). Lack of evidence-based interventions in the prevention of nosocomial infections compe
Vitamin A is a term used to refer to a large number of similar compounds, known as retinoids.Vitamin A found in food from animal is usually referred to as preformed Vitamin, Retinol and retinal is a good example. Vitamin A found in fruits and vegetable is referred to as Provitamin A carotenoids, these vitamins A are converted into retinol in the body where one molecule of beta carotene produces two molecule of Vitamin A. The body usually obtain vitamin by manufacturing it from carotene found in vegetable such carrots or by absorbing it from animal products of organism that eat plants. Vitamin A is stored in the fat tissue and carried through out the body by fat. Vitamin A has a wide variety of use to the human body. This includes Vision, healthy skin, immune defenses, bone and body growth, reproduction and cell development. Vitamin A compound is used in the conversion of light’s reception in the eye retina for brain assimilation to convey a picture. When a light strike the eye, one form of vitamin A send a signal to the brain indicating that light is striking the eye, which leads to eye adjustment depending on the nature of light. Vitamin A also helps in boosting the immune system, protecting us from infections. White blood cells are stimulated by vitamin A increasing the antibodies alertness. In pregnant women, Vitamin A helps in embryonic development, fast tissues repair and maintenance of normal vision, lack of which can lead to night blindness. Vitamin A has also been proven to reduce cervical, breast and colon cancer as it inhibit tumor development. There are two main sources of Vitamin A, animal source and vegetable source. Eggs, beef, chicken liver, fish liver oils, whole milk, cheese and butter are some of the main source of Vitamin A derived from animal products. Carrots, sweet potatoes, apricots, spinach, pumpkins, leafy vegetables, grapefruits and broccoli are some of the major source of beta carotene that is converted to vitamin in the liver. Vitamin A supplements are available in the United Kingdom market and act as a
Leadership is very important for an organization to function properly and be successful. There are several definitions for leadership and one defines it as, “Leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes” (Rost 1991, p. 102). The focus of this paper will be on adaptive versus technical leadership. Adaptive leadership involves influencing people to changes their hearts and minds. The change is necessary when common knowledge fails to fix a problem and people have to learn new ways of dealing with the problems they are experiencing. The people going through the problem do the work by learning new ways of solving their problems. On the other hand, technical leadership entails use of already known solutions to problems that occur and the people in authority do the work in this type of leadership. In adaptive leadership, a leader needs to identify the problems that require adaptive methods. In the Australian context, the leaders must identify the challenges unique to Australia and apply homegrown solutions to them. The reason for this is that for a long time Australia has relied on American leadership styles, which are drawn from the local business environment. However, the business arena in Australia is different from the American one which does not reflect the Australian society properly (Dalglish and Evans, 2007). Therefore, leaders in both the business and political arena must identify the new skills and behaviours necessary to be acquired. They must also keep in mind that adapting to change is not easy as people are used to a certain way of doing things and certain beliefs. As Heifetz and Linsky say “ to lead is to live dangerously because when leadership counts, when you lead people difficult change, you challenge what people hold dear-their daily habits, tools, loyalties, and ways of thinking –with nothing more to offer perhaps than a possibility” (2002, p. 2). It calls for the leaders to look at the losses that occur due to adaptive leadership and remain focused on the courses even when things become difficult because this is the only way of bringing about change. One good situation in which the Australian leaders can apply the adaptive leadership is in the issue of the Aboriginal community who have been excluded from the mainstream Australian society. Giving the people an opportunity to talk about the issue and come up with solutions would be a starting point in bringing about reconciliation (Leigh, 2002). To exclude the people from the change process brings about negative results as the people resist the change (Gary, 2005). The technical leadership differs from adaptive leadership i