ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Looking back at the economical and financial strategies of the late XX century, one can hardly believe that the ideas of globalization have been suggested so recently. Indeed, a lot has been done; however, there are still many projects that need to be implemented as soon as possible. Since trade in some of the countries, Japan being among them, was guided by completely different economical principles, it is crucial that the FDI trends should be updated according to the new policies and that at the same time the specifics of the economy in foreign countries should be taken into account. It must be mentioned that in the past fifteen years the course of the FDI, or foreign direct investment, policy could be described as accumulating, since FDI has been obviously aimed at increasing the amount of inflows and outflows, which helped increase the amount of total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets. In fact, even at present, FFDI targets at the developed countries, such as the United States, the states of Europe and Japan. However, judging by the emerging trends, the owners of the FDI shares seem to be taking great interest in China. Therefore, it can be concluded that the change in policy of the FDI concerns mostly the target countries; currently, a lot of outflows concern China. Hence, it can be concluded that in the next fifteen years, the FDI will be targeted at developing countries, since the costs for trading with these states will be considerably lower than the ones for investing into such states as the UA, and the countries of the EU. The framework for the FDI has already been developed, and, according to the existing data, more developing countries are going to become the partners of the stockholders of the FDI program. As Hansen says, the National Vision Policy that embraces the time lapse between 1991 and 2020 is aimed at building a Multi-Media Super Corridor (MSC) that will help reach even such distanced places as Malaysia (Hansen 326). Apart from the development of FDI and the factors that influence both the domestic and the foreign trade policy of China, the outer factors that the environment of the global markets creates should be taken into account. It is obvious that in the present-day swiftly developing world, Japan needs either to adjust its own policies towards the course of globalization, or drop the attempts to enter the international market. To understand the issue better, one should take a closer look at the case study concerning the introduction of Wal-Mart into Japan. As the study shows, the largest retailer in the USA (Winadi) uses such strategies as offering lower prices and meeting local needs to achieve its objectives. Choosing a joint venture strategy to enter the Japanese market, the Wal-Mart representatives took great risks by buying 6% shares. Though the given technique might seem somewhat risky, it still proved efficient. However, it is
The literary catalogue of Edgar Poe features bizarre, ghastly, and morbid works. Poe’s short stories are synonymous with gloomy themes and dark storylines. “The Fall of the House of Usher” and “The Cask of Amontillado” are some of Poe’s darkest stories. Even when highlighting the bright aspects of life such as family and love, Poe does not abandon this dark-themed literary style. In “The Fall of the House of Usher”, Poe tells the story of a man who is visiting an old friend. The story is about the remaining two members of the Usher family. In “The Fall of the House of Usher”, Poe portrays the Usher family as struggling to survive albeit in a gloomy manner that involves degradation, disease, and death. “The Fall of the House of Usher” is a story that investigates the situations that surround a bizarre family. The Usher family is isolated from the rest of the population and it does not exhibit any signs of normalcy. In addition, the family’s existence has almost become a supernatural phenomenon. Poe portrays the family as one that is surrounded by an eerie atmosphere that scares the narrator from the start. At the start of the story, the narrator is able to paint a vivid picture of the Usher’s family setting. The narrator notes that during “the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens… (he came) within view of the melancholy House of Usher” (Poe 2). Poe’s story tells about the bond between Roderick Usher and his sister Madeline Usher. The unidentified narrator who has been called by Roderick to help diffuse the tension ends up being embroiled in the Ushers’ family affairs. The narrator is only able to survive the fall of the Usher family by running away. To gain insight into Poe’s perspectives about family, one has to consider his family background. As a child, Poe witnessed several tragedies including losing both his parents before he was three years old. In addition to being orphaned at an early age, Poe’s brother died when he was young. Rosalie, Poe’s younger sister suffered from a mental illness and subsequently became insane. Poe’s familial misfortunes continued when he was formally adopted by John Allan’s family. It is alleged that Poe was mistreated by his foster father when he was young. As a young adult, Poe had to drop out from university due to his drinking and gambling. After his foster father managed to get Poe admitted to West Point University, Poe was consequently expelled. It is at this point when John Allan disowned Poe as his son. When Poe was 27, he married his first cousin who was thirteen years old at the time. Roderick tells the narrator that he and his sister share a special kind of connection. Although this ‘special connection’ is not verified in the story, it alludes to some form of kinship. One assumption that can be made from Roderick’s claims is that he and his sister are involved in an incestuous relationship. According to the narrator, the Usher family has been locked out from the outside world for generations. Moreover, the family did not welcome any outsiders t
Arguments presented Mathieu’s efforts are aimed at restoring the environment and in his argument; the principal issue that comes out is environmental degradation. The Kouchibouguac National Park is gradually losing its wonder. The principal contention relates to the two categories of people affected, the clam fishermen whose source of livelihood is under threat and people who are witnessing the death of a culture treasured and observed by all. Ideally, Mathieu presents the idea that the pollution of the Canadian coast has to stop. The stakes are high shown by the decline of the clam population in the lake (Gibbs and Pye). Mathieu attributes this occurrence to several reasons, which he argues have to be addressed. He suggests that the untreated sewage released into the waters, the substantial commercial harvesting practice and the release of industrial effluents into the Canadian coasts, have caused environmental pollution, which is now showing itself in the form of the declining clam population. He posits that eventually, the locals heavily acknowledge the burden whose economy and tradition is getting ruined. Arguably, the Kouchibouguac National Park depends heavily on fishing and tourists’ activities, which may soon be part of history. It is, therefore, paramount to bring the attention of relevant stakeholders to these issues. It is on that premise that Mathieu has developed this documentary (Gibbs and Pye). The appeal of the arguments The argument appeals to the logic, emotion and ethical feelings of the audience. Mathieu reports that the clam population is sick and dying. The audience seeks to see a logical explanation for his allegation. He goes further to display the continuous ever-flowing industrial effluent that he correctly credits for the pollution of the coast. The logic is clear, and one does not need advanced biological knowledge to buy his idea (James). The audience is further convinced on noticing that, in addition to the threat to the life of clam and other aquatic organisms, the fact that the sewage released is untreated, poses a risk even to people accessing the coastal waters. The argument that the effects of the effluent release are detrimental, therefore, appears logical, and the audience is persuaded into siding with Mathieu on the need for urgent action to save the environment from pollution. Emotionally, the argument by Mathieu draws a reaction from the audience. Naturally, all humans would instinctively hate processes that are confirmed as being harmful to their environment. The arguments draw the audience into hating the capitalists responsible for the mass commercial harvesting of the clams. The capitalists do not feel anything for the lower classes represented in this case by the clam fishermen. The argument is that commercial and large-scale fish
Introduction The Deepwater Horizon accident took place on April 20, 2010. This was after the explosion of an offshore drilling rig in the U.S waters on the Gulf of Mexico. The accident led to the spilling of large volumes of oil into the waters on the Gulf of Mexico, thereby endangering aquatic lives. Several people also died due to the accident, while others sustained serious injuries. An estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil leaked into the ocean, polluting the environment. The oil spill continued for 84 days until a leaking cap was put in place. The Deepwater Horizon explosion was the largest and longest oil spill in the history of the U.S, not to mention that it had severe effects on the environment on the Gulf of Mexico’. Following the accident, U.S Barrack Obama president issued a ban on deepwater oil drilling. However, the ban was lifted after six months. Different parties such as the BP Company, the State and the Federal governments were involved in efforts to curtail the damage. The oil spill also led to the compromise of various environmental regulations and laws. The following paper describes the Deepwater Horizon accident on the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, it also highlights the economical and environmental impacts of the oil spill, along with the impact of the accident on existing environmental regulations and laws. The Deepwater Horizon accident On April 20, 2010, tragic events took place on the Gulf of Mexico in which 11 people died on the spot while another seven were seriously injured. The incident later came to be recognized as the Deepwater Horizon accident, after the vessel was blown out following the e
America is a multinational country with a very diverse culture and rich history. Since its foundation, America has been a country of immigrants. The scale of immigration from Europe during the second half of the nineteenth century is difficult to determine with sufficient accuracy. Typically, researchers begin their calculations from the mid-1840s, when relatively strict records of emigrants were established in most European countries. According to various data, in 1840’s at least 120 thousand Irish citizens entered the U.S. to avoid starving to death because of the potato famine and job shortages. Irish immigrants take up a relatively high percentage of the American population today. As reported by the United States Census Bureau, more than 33 million of the U.S. residents claimed to have Irish ancestry. It is interesting to note that this number is seven times bigger than the population of Ireland itself (“FFF: Irish-American Heritage Month & St. Patrick’s Day”). The considerable amount of Irish who immigrated to the land of freedom and opportunity during four centuries have significantly contributed to the American culture in various fields, such as religion, journalism, sports and more. This essay will discuss and analyze different everyday life aspects of an Irish immigrant in 1800’s. Housing, Food, and Health Care In addition to horrible conditions during a voyage on ships, immigrants faced many challenges in finding housing, jobs and getting used to urban industry upon their arrival. Tagore said: “Because many [Irish immigrants] came to the United States as poverty-stricken individuals, they took any affordable housing they found, most of which were squalor dwellings” (15). Hence, Irish and other immigrants lived in crowded spaces in subdivided tenements, warehouses, and other buildings. For instance, a family could live in one room where kitchen and bedroom were combined. Often these dwellings were very dirty and lacked access to clean water, as well as other sanitary conditions along with adequate fire safety. Irish immigrants arrived only with few amount of clothing to the U.S. Because they could not afford to buy new clothes, they mostly dressed in traditional clothing. A typical Irish immigrant wore a jacket, linen shirt, pants and heavy shoes, while women usually wore an apron over a long dress. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, food was usually provided by local farmers to markets. Refrigerators were not invented yet, and there were no strict regulations on food handling of products like meat. Taking into account the living conditions of immigrants, often people would get sick as a result of unsafe food. According to Baba, an average Irish immigrant family consisted of nine people that lived in one room. When migrating, parents left some of their members in Ireland and were able to bring them to America after earning money. Living in such poor conditions led to serious health consequences. According to Brackemyre, “The increased demand for cheap housing by urban migrants led to poorly built homes t
While there are no precise records as to when humanity started consuming fish as a viable food source there are various instances throughout history which do show how important a resource it was and how early humans actually founded their settlements near rivers and tributaries to take advantage of both the fresh water and the abundant marine life in such locations. As early settlements continued to grow as seen in the case of China, Egypt and the Indus valley civilization it became increasingly necessary to develop some means of mass production of staple food sources. This resulted in the creation of the earliest agriculture and farming practices which included various means of animal domestication, in the case of fish this came in the form of the first known instances of aquaculture in the Egyptian and Chinese civilizations in 2500 BC (Maybank, 2007). Since there are no known records which precisely indicate when this particular practice began in Egypt and China it has been theorized that the practice began when large concentrations of fish began accumulating in rice/grain fields, small lakes and various other closed sources of water during the monsoon season which regularly submerged large tracts of land and caused isolated bodies of water to form when the flood receded (Maybank, 2007). The practice of aquaculture didn’t truly gain mainstream acceptance till the Middle Ages in Europe and the late 20th century in North America however once it did it became a veritable modern phenomena with current estimates stating that 16% of the world’s current animal protein consumption is derived from fish and that well over a billion people are actually dependent on fish as one of their primary sources of protein (Maybank, 2007). Of particular interest is the fact that large scale aquaculture production of fish (hundred thousand to million ton ranges) didn’t truly begin till the late 1800s when methods of artificial fertilization were developed in France. It was only after such an innovation was created that large scale aquaculture practices were able to ramp up their means of production which resulted in their current state today. Value for Humans For a large percentage of the current global population fish represents a readily available and above all affordable means of sustenance when compared to other food types. Based on comparative global prices it can be seen that certain species of domesticated fish such as milkfish, cod, and dory are actually consumed by the metric ton on an almost daily basis due to their relatively low prices. While it may be true that beef, chicken and pork have a relatively higher rate of consumption the fact still remains that in most markets fish that are either caught on the open sea or produced through aquaculture have a relatively lower price as compared to most cuts of beef, chicken or pork. In some cultures, particularly those in East Asia and South East Asia, fish is actually consumed more than beef, chicken or pork due to their geography which places them near larger
Abstract The enlightenment that human activities contribute to climatic changes all over the world has made every country and organization look for ways in which they can conserve the environment for future generations. Activities that consume high levels of non-renewable energy have been identified as the greatest contributors of carbon emissions. Carbon emissions are dangerous to the inhabitants of planet earth mainly because they deplete the ozone layer that acts as a buffer of high and dangerous rays from the sun (Wright 2011). If the activities that contribute to the carbon emissions are not contained depletion of ozone layer will affect the climate negatively making the earth inhabitable. Efforts by the governments and other international organisations are involved in environmental conservation. Introduction The essay compares the Saudi Arabia policies on carbon emissions and those of Australia. It looks into how both countries contribute to the increased carbon emissions and the strategies they are putting in place to reduce carbon emission. The other aspect is that of contribution of oil and natural gas engineering in carbon emissions. The discussion unravels what the participants in the oil and gas mining are doing to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Contrasting the government of Australia initiatives with those of Saudi Arabia The Australian government has been involved in environmental conservation through the effort of carbon initiatives. The government of Australia has embarked on a number of projects towards reduction of carbon emissions in the country to facilitate environmental conservation. The first initiative by the government of Australia in the reduction of carbon energy is through the clean energy legislation. This is a legislation that gives details of how companies and the government need to work together to reduce carbon emissions. Unlike Australia, Saudi Arabia does not have a legal framework or legislation outlining the county’s strategies and efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Saudi Arabia on the other hand has engaged on educating the people to reduce fuel consumption. The country is currently looking for a better and efficient way of using the resources (Minx & Wiedemann 2008). The government agencies in Australia are some of the emitters of carbon and seek for the alternative sources of energy to conserve the environment. The other emitter is the oil and natural gas fields and production activities that emit carbon in large scale. Saudi Arabia on the other hand is one of the emitters of carbon in terms of per capita carbon emissions mainly because fuel is
The Market Structure of Retail Grocery Market in Australia There are a number of market structures that can be adopted in an industry, depending on the type of products and services offered. The market structure that is in place is shaped by how many and what types of firms make the industry. There are four major market structures: perfect competition, oligopoly, monopoly, and monopolistic competition. A perfectly competitive market structure is one whereby there are many players in the market, as well as many customers (Stackelberg et al., 2011). The barriers for entering the market are not there, or they are minimal if they are present. In this kind of market structure that is also referred to as pure competition, there are no players who are large such that they dominate and control the market. In other words, there are no organizations that are powerful such that they can set or influence the prices of goods and services. Some of the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market include unlimited number of buyers and sellers and no barriers for entry or exit to and from the market respectively. In addition, there is perfect information regarding prices, quality as well as production of goods and services. Products are usually homogeneous, there are no transaction costs, and each organization tries to maximize its profitability by incurring the minimum costs possible (Stackelberg et al., 2011). In an oligopoly market, there are a few firms that are usually strong and tend to influence the market. These firms have the majority share of the market. The organizations tend to compete against each other, while they dominate the rest of the market. These dominant organizations make it difficult for new organizations to join the market by putting barriers. The other major market structure is monopoly. This is a structure whereby there is only one firm that offers certain goods or services. The firm does not have a competitor. In a monopolistic market structure, the provider organizations have the freedom to control and influence prices since there is no other organization to compete with. Buyers might suffer out of exploitation in such a structure. Finally, there is the monopolistic competition market structure, which is also referred to as a competitive market. In such a structure, there are a large number of organizations that produce similar goods but the goods are differentiated slightly (Etro, 2009). Each organization tries to differentiate its products a bit to outdo its competitors. Reasons why the market is not perfectly competitive Retail grocery market in Australia may not be regarded as a perfectly competitive market because the market is seemingly dominated by two major competitor organizations. The two dominant grocery firms in the Australian market are Coles and Woolworths (Food System Research Group, 2009). It is, however, notable that there