ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The wall street journal has enabled students to be unique and thereby get more opportunities. In this case they are able to maximize their knowledge which is necessary to survive in a competitive environment. The journal has assisted many students and that is why its efficiency can not be disputed. As a matter of fact, it is ideal for all students who major in business and economic courses (Wall Street Journal 2). Students are encouraged to read this journal because it enables them to know what is going on in the business world. This could be as far as events and people who matter most are concerned. Students who have been using the journal have been known to enhance their confidence in class by relating well with what they are learning. As time goes by they are even prepared on what to expect in the outside world. This can be either in interviews or company events. The journal covers a lot of areas and this makes it ideal for all students because they will ultimately find something that they can relate with. As far as my opinion is concerned, the journal is affordable to all students. In this case, this is what they need to continue being competitive (Wall Street Journal 4). Apart from classroom work, students are supposed to gain practical knowledge on what is happening in the business world and there is no better opportunity for this than the wall street journal. Discussion Article Stocks and financial markets have been affected negatively in the past week because of bad news about the economy. This has been brought about by a slow down in the activities of the factory sector. In this case, they have slowed down on their hiring and production. On the other hand, the private sector has also slowed down activities thereby prompting economists to review their expectations. While yields were moving in the opposite direction, the Dow Jones dropped to its lowest since last year. Businesses have not added any jobs which is a worrying trend. This is not good news for the president going into an election year based on unemployment and economic growth rates. This sluggishness in the economy has got everybody worried which will particularly shift sentiments. Stock investors have been the most affected by these economic weaknesses which should be looked into. Companies are not expected to earn any profits based on these grim figures. These figures relate well with international manufacturing reports that have been disappointing. Proble
Development of Peoples in Oregon Oregon is a highly diverse territory in geographical, ecological, and climatic terms. This diversity is responsible for the differences among peoples that populated various areas of the state. One such example of environmental influence on the development of a population group is the Klamath and Modoc tribes which populated the Southern part of Oregon. Geographically, the area is largely defined by the presence of the Klamath River basin. One of the most prominent effects of the river’s presence is the abundance of fishing artifacts such as hooks and stone-pointed harpoons found on archaeological sites in the area. Even more importantly, the geography of the region – a combination of the rocky terrain of volcanic origin and relatively evenly distributed heights – created a setting that was favorable to the vegetation. The plants which grew in cavities and were supported by a sufficient amount of freshwater eventually built up and created a soil rich in peat (Aldous et al. 1027). Combined with volcanic deposits, these factors created an environment where both animals and humans could proliferate. At the same time, many shallow bodies of freshwater which could support weed growth eventually turned into marches, which altered the vegetation of the region and the dietary habits of the tribes in the area. For instance, in summer, the peoples who were largely dependent on salmon fishing migrated alongside the riverbank in response to seasonal migrations of their catch. In winter, the abundance of water and vegetation allowed them to settle near freshwater sources to ensure the supply of fish and aquatic plants, such as edible water lilies. The specifics of vegetation also determined the shape of their houses, which were dug in and plastered with the mud, and, therefore, limited in size. The Chinook peoples from the North-Western part of the state were exposed to a largely similar geographical setting with several notable differences. First, the abundance of certain types of cedar trees offered building material for a distinct type of sloped-roof houses commonly found on archaeological sites in the region. The characteristics of building materials allowed for much larger structures, which could house whole communities instead of small groups. In addition, the technology required for building plankhouses necessitated certain tools unnecessary for Southern areas (Ames et al. 281). Another notable addition to the technology facilitated by the environment was the proliferation of the fur processing methods. The instruments found at the sit
In the modern globalized business environment, many large international enterprises recognize social and environmental needs and aim to improve their impact. The Fortune “Change the World” list consist of such organizations which attempt to contribute to the collective well-being and reduce possible negative risks linked to various business operations. Apple, Microsoft, Nestle, Ikea, Walmart, and Airbnb are only a few of those remarkable enterprises that create shared value through innovation, charity, and conscious organizational practices. It is possible to say that by recognizing the companies’ achievements in the sphere of social responsibility, Fortune attracts international attention towards the most topical problems that exist in the world and also encourages organizational leaders to manage ethically. Lately, the concept of “corporate social responsibility” became of great interest to both researchers and practitioners mainly because the public started to recognize that international trade, commerce, and manufacturing harm the environment and the communities where various business facilities are located. The fact that the companies began to perform fair HR practices, use green technologies, actualize ethical leadership, and participate in charity events shows that organizations now understand the urgency of the need for change. Moreover, many innovative entrepreneurs started to see the necessary process of global change as an opportunity to grow and achieve success. By creating customer and social values through different ethical and innovation activities, companies can gain many benefits such as better brand perception, increased customer attraction, and greater profits. The renewal of organizational structures and product range, the incorporation of ethical standards in every corporate structure truly reflect the meaning of the Shared Value Initiative as they help to develop trustful relationships between the society and the business and allow customers and firms to meet their own needs without compromising each others’ interests.
Introduction Texas and Massachusetts are two states in the US whose roles in the national economy cannot be ignored. They make significant contributions to the national economy and political landscape. Taxation and government spending are two of the most important elements that determine election and national debate in the US (“Official General Election Results for United States President” 3). The case applies to the two states. To this end, it is noted that opinion-makers in Texas and Massachusetts have divergent views on the economy. The sharp divide is especially evident with respect to the fiscal budget. The author of the current essay evaluates some of the economic and political perspectives held by leaders in Texas and Massachusetts. Three major issues are discussed. In the first instance, a comparison is made between the two states with respect to local budgets and the preferences of the residents. The second issue relates to the political perspectives associated with the two regions. In this regard, opinions on government spending and taxation are discussed. For many years, the number of elements in the national economy has determined how voters exercise their roles. Taxation and government spending is one of them. Finally, the author compares state spending, tax revenue per capita, medical healthcare cover, and spending per capita. Other economic issues compared include welfare programs, education spending, and unemployment benefits. Texas and Massachusetts: A Comparative Analysis of Economic Preferences among the Citizens Massachusetts is home to an estimated 6.3 million people (United States Census Bureau 23). Texas, on the other hand, has approximately 27.6 million residents. The two states hold differing opinions on the political front. In this regard, citizen preferences determine the election and removal from office of an individual. To a large extent, the political and economic values held by a person seeking an elective post determine their possibilities of getting elected (Fisher 82). For instance, when the electorate seeks tax cuts and increased spending, an official who holds similar views is likely to be elected into office (Internal Revenue Service 5). Various aspects of American public life are largely determined by economic preferences on the part of the citizens. Statistics from in the country
Introduction Obesity is a metabolic disorder that occurs due the accumulation of excess calories in the form of fats, which consequently alter metabolic processes and cause adverse effects on the body. When people consume more calories than they are utilizing, excess calories accumulate in the body and cause biochemical disorders. In modern society, obesity has become a significant health issue because it predisposes individuals to a number of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Statistics show that 35.8 million people experience disability-adjusted life years annually due to obesity and overweight, which consequently cause 2.8 million deaths annually (Heymann and Goldsmith 2012). These statistics depict that obesity and overweight are serious health issues, which the health care systems across the world need to tackle. To tackle obesity and overweight, individuals need to ensure that they balance energy intake and energy output in the form of calories. Therefore, the coursework seeks to review the energy intake among students, and establish if energy intake matches energy output. Why is it Important to Monitor What People Eat? Monitoring what people eat is important because the nature of foodstuffs determines their health condition. Since food intake influences health condition, humans regulate food intake, as a way of improving or maintaining their health conditions. People should take nutrients such as proteins, calories, minerals, and vitamins in the appropriate proportions so that they can maintain their health conditions optimally. Excess intake of calories like carbohydrates and fats normally causes obesity and overweight. In addition to improving maintenance of health, monitoring of food intake enables people to manage health conditions such as obesity and overweight. Low energy foods such as vegetables and fruits reduce weight, while high-energy foods such as fats and sugars predispose individuals to obesity and overweight (Heymann and Goldsmith 2012). Thus, clinicians, dieticians, and nutritionists should monitor food intake of obese and overweight individuals, with a view of developing a nutrition plan, which helps them to improve their health condition. Nutritional Needs for Healthy Young Adults Nutritional needs of an individual vary according to age and activity. Recommended dietary allowance allows people to maintain their weight and prevent the occurrence of lifestyle diseases like obesity, overweight, and diabetes. Since young adults are still very active, their recommended diary allowance is greater than that of old adults. Macronutrients are nutrients that the body require in large quantities. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats have significant influence on body weight of an individual, and thus their intake should not exceed that of the recommended dietary allowance. Ryan-Harsman and Aldoori state that recommended dietary allow
Exploitation of the Poor Most analysts on economic issues argue that capitalists extort the poor by exploiting them. These people argue that capitalism helps the rich men and women get more wealth at the expense of the poor, who gets poorer. This leadership style attributes to what most people would consider as classical economic prediction. In this theory most men and women with assets believe that income from land ownership and huge capital in big businesses would accrue; however other theorists believe that both land and capital fluctuates unpredictably. Most defenders to capitalism would not agree to this objection because they believe capitalism presents equal opportunity to both the poor and the rich. Although land (renting rates) and capital in form of interest rates fluctuates, one observation is that they remain unchanged. Defenders to capitalism would therefore attribute such fluctuations to uncontrollable forces within the marketplace, which are not easy to control under either capitalism or federal leadership style. Other defenders would use an example of power supply in a country. In this example, if electric power becomes cheap and readily available to the entire population, capitalists argue that it is the poor that benefits the most as opposed to the rich community. This is because the rich would get pressure to pay flunkies for alternative services. The above reply needs a critical evaluation to either agree or disagree to it. As much as one would agree that market fluctuations are beyond the control, it is still possible for a willing leadership to adopt effective measures that ensure a fair play in the market segment. It is therefore not true that poor men or women would reap more benefits than the rich because most of the legislations in such environment favour the rich community. Therefore, this reply is not convincing because capitalism centres most of its legislations in favours of the rich, which exploits the poor. Resource Monopoly Monopoly of resource is the second most serious objection on capitalism. This refers to an act in which a group of people within the top leadership holds and controls a large amount of resource. Although these resources are for the public use, those in leadership would keep the materials far from reaching out to
The architect of Texas Rainy Day Fund had critical reasons for setting it up. Texas is a unique state for various reasons. Demographics reveal that 83% of Texans in inner city Houston are African-Americans. Hispanic, Asian Americans and white Americans constitute the other 17%. Majority of these people are poor with little or no education. Service industry is the leading employer for Texans. Unlike other states, Texas lacks vital social services and coherent water policy. It is against the backdrop of perennial crisis that Texans decided to save a dime of their dollar so that they can use it on a rainy day. As senator for the state, I propose tapping into the Rainy Day Fund to alleviate the current crises in Texas. Texas Rainy Day Fund was set up to help Texans survive hard economic times. Each year, the state allocates certain percent of all revenues to the fund. It is a means to save when there is money with a view to spend it during economic crisis. The conditions for tapping into the money are very strict. This is meant to protect against capricious withdrawal. Sitting in Austin, Texas lawmakers have proposed to tap into the fund to alleviate acute water shortage in the state. Even if the legislature approves the bill, Texans will have to vote in a referendum to reduce the threshold for accessing the fund. It is time Texans approve tapping into the funds for reasons extrapolated in this paper. Many people in Texas are poor. Most of them have little or no education. Like most inner cities, sanitation in Houston is poor. Access to clean and safe water is below the national average (Champagne, Anthony, and Edward 12). Schools are few and access to primary healthcare is limited. It therefore defeats logic to swell the Rainy Day Fund with more dollars while every day is a rainy day in Texas. Inner city Houston living condition is a shame to America. I propose for 40% access to the fund. This will be followed by creation of a revolving fund to support youths to engage in economically productive activities. Similarly, the state can use part of the funds to improve infrastructure. This will stimulate growth. There is a 48% approval among Texans to tap into Rainy Day Fund to improve living conditions. Those opposed to opinion polls as basis of policy formulation can take reprieve from the resurgence in oil and gas production in the state. Champagne, Anthony, and Edward project that revenue from oil and gas industry will replenish the fund (23). It defeats common sense to subject our citizens to deplorable living conditions in the name of saving for the future. As state senator, I am going to rally support from the highest echelons of my party to amend the constitution and lower the threshold of access into the funds. Texas Rainy Day Fund seeks to bail the state out of hard economic situations. In this paper, I have argued that it is already a rainy da
Among existing social problems, drug addiction constitutes the threat that impends over the modern world and is all the more dangerous as it is not only drug abuse itself that harms people — there are also the antisocial actions undertaken by the desperate narcomaniacs in order to obtain a new portion of their dope. Due to the easiness of access to drugs, drug abuse spreads through the world at an alarming rate, sweeping over generations of young and old, and can already be viewed as a global epidemic. As governments strive to control and prevent illegal actions entailed by drug addiction, measures are taken as to those involved in the distribution and consumption of drugs; and those measures vary depending on the level of offenders’ involvement in the drug issue. The relations of people with the world of drugs are complex. In certain cases involvement in drugs is motivated by pursuit of profit and stimulated by greediness and cupidity. Criminal activities connected with drug trafficking are numerous, from blackmailing and kidnapping to murder. Society feels the need to be protected and safeguarded from drug-involved people, and in case when the latter display aggression, incarceration is the optimal choice for their fencing off from the others. Actually, when the anti-drug campaign began over two decades ago, imprisonment was seen as the only possible way of defeating drug addiction — a measure which has been debated over the time, as it does not solve all the problems connected with the evil it combats. For those who are involved in the world of drugs to a degree that does not demand displays of aggression to society, another optimal alternative to mere imprisonment is seen in their rehabilitation. Observing the over-crowdedness of jails by non-violent narcomaniacs, who but for their addiction would have otherwise constituted reasonable members of society, it was suggested to establish special programs for restoring those people to normal life. The hopeless situation of a drug addict, who is desperate to get more and more ‘fixes’, could be resolved by professional help in overcoming the closed circle of their drug-blurred existence. As opposed to traditional corrections system that merely constituted a territory for keeping people away from society and punishing them, rehabilitation of drug addicts offers them a unique opportunity for breaking out of the cycle that their addiction had them living. The brightest example of such rehabilitation measures can be seen in the system of the so-called
Introduction The concept of public policy is very critical and sensitive since it affects a majority of people who are ruled under the policies made. It entails the process taken by the government in addressing an issue that affects the public and the intentions of the government in taking the actions. It can also be said to be the result of the government’s actions towards deciding on who gets what and who does not after some considerations. It comprises major components like regulations, laws, actions and decisions aimed at controlling a certain behavior or solving a problem that is either caused by or affects the public. Public opinion, on the other hand, is a set of people’s views and attitudes towards a specific topic or issue that affect them. It usually affects the process of public policy-making as it takes into consideration the public interests. This piece of work gives a critique of the article; Information Effects in Collective Preferences by Althaus looking into how the author tackles the topic and his efforts in making us understand the relationship between public opinion and public policy. The author starts of by showing us how information is essential in decision making, especially in shaping public opinion which to a great extent affects the process of public policy since the public are a major element in the public policy-making process thorough their various opinions. It is evident that uneven distribution of political information among the society members leads to different public opinions by the members as they have different levels of knowledge concerning the specific topic or problem and therefore the public policies that are made based on the collected opinions from the public are usually not complete as they do not comprehensively represent the public. This shows that the process of public policy-making could only be effective if knowledge about particular issues of concern were evenly distributed among the citizens as this would make t