ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive health (ASRH) is a very important subject that needs to be address differently from the normal Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH). The main reason being that adolescent are exposed to greater risk that come with sex and the possible negatives consequences afterwards. Even though most adolescents are now getting a lot of information concerning sex, how to protect themselves from the sexually transmitted diseases or unplanned for pregnancies, they do not adhere to this knowledge (Schutt-Aine & Maddaleno 35). A substantial number of adolescents till engage in unprotected sex, sex outside marriage and sex with stranger hence exposing them more to the risks. Besides, the adolescents have been observed to pay less attention to the reproductive health education, modes of transmission of HIV/AIDS and protection. Besides, many youths hold irrational myths towards pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease (Schutt-Aine & Maddaleno 35). Consequently, the numbers of unsafe abortions among the youths has increased and other consequences like complications during pregnancy or childbirth. All these come because of inadequate education about reproductive health. These factors are causing more deaths among the youths. The vulnerability that exist in young people because they are not prepared for the pregnancy, they do not have access to contraceptives, and risk of contracting STI because of unprotected sex always has a negative impact on their welfare. The position is worsened because ASRH is not one of government priorities in healthcare policy. Because of inattention, adolescent have insufficient sexual education, therefore they do not know where to seek assistance or shy away because they are underage (Schutt-Aine & Maddaleno 37). They end up suffering consequences of STIs, dropping out of school, engaging in speedy marriages, some in unsafe abortions and more significantly the stress or psychological suffering. ASRH Should be Given High Priority With improved general healthcare systems in the developed nations, some pertinent factors of health have come to be very important in development of sexual and reproductive health. There is early sexual maturity among young people, there is increased emphasis on attaining good education before marriage and consequently late marriages have increased (Lauglo 6). This therefore has made adolescence a very unique stage in life. Most health program have previously considered the adolescents to be the most healthy group hence given more attention to children and older people when it comes to healthcare plans. It’s this kind of overlooking the health needs of adolescents that bring more problems in the group. It is important to note that adolescent have become central to social problems like unplanned pregnancies, abortions, STI’s and more importantly the HIV/AIDS pandemic (Lauglo 8).
Gender refers to the distinction between males and females which are apparent in the society. More often than not, men are usually perceived as playing a dominant role in the society while women are viewed as lesser beings. For instance, just like many other societies around the world, in America, boys and girls are socialized in different ways. During their childhood, they receive several socialization messages on how they should behave in order to succeed in life. These messages vary depending on their gender. For example, when frustrated, most girls tend to cry while the boys tend to act it out. This kind of socialization flows over to the adults in their places of work. In order to successfully supervise across the gender divide in the work place, the supervisors in any organization should put the gender disparities into consideration. They should endeavor to understand individual employees depending on their socialization. Lack of this understanding may impede on the success of most women at their places of work, while both males and females may go through preventable stress. Nevertheless, it is the duty of all employees to ensure a working environment that is free from gender-based discrimination. However, it is fundamental for the supervisors to receive some form of training so as to effectively handle arising gender issues in the work place. The training should focus on how to appreciate the value of gender diversity within the workplace. This kind of training is vital as supervisors are the people who are held responsible for correcting any gender-related issues that they notice or issuers that are brought to their attention (Jonson, 2011). The supervisors must be well equipped with federal, state and local employment regulations that govern gender diversity. As a matter of fact, the USDA as well as the REE agencies are armed with civil right policies that forbid unlawful gender-based prejudice in the work place. Moreover, the Griggs, V. Duke case stipulates that, it is illegal for an employer to isolate, limit, categorize the workforce, deny them employment opportunities or unfavorably affect their status on the basis of their gender differences. The act advocates for the use of competently created capability test, as long as the tests are not planned or intended to show favoritism to the employees (U.S. Supreme Court, 1971). The supervisors in any organization should persuade and support both men and women who desire to be considered for promotions to strengthen their resumes through enrolling in training institutions and engaging in career development tutorials. The employees should be encouraged to form workplace affinity associations as well as In-house Affinity associations that enhance communication among career-minded individuals regardless of their gender. The supervisors should facilitate the formation of these associations depending on the height of interest and employee
Introduction The healthcare system of a country is of great significance since it determines the health of the country’s population. The population’s health is important due to the fact that it directly impacts on the productivity of the country. This means that healthcare should be available to every citizen. Access to healthcare services is determined by the costs associated with their provision. Thus the services should be affordable if they are to be accessed by the majority. It is for this reason that the US government is committed to reform its healthcare system. This essay analyzes the economic impact of the newly signed US healthcare proposal. Three articles on the healthcare reform proposal will be analyzed. Analysis In an article titled “healthcare reforms” (New York Times), the new legislation on healthcare came into effect on 23/03/2010 after being signed by president Obama. The new legislation aims at overhauling the country’s healthcare system by enhancing access to healthcare services (New York Times). The reform will require majority of Americans to be covered under health insurance policies. 30 million people are expected to be covered in the proposed system (New York Times). To achieve this objective the government will subsidize the premiums for private health insurance policies held by low income and middle income earners (New York Times). This means that the government’s expenditure on recurrent costs will increase. On the other hand the citizen’s disposal income will rise as they spend less cash on health insurance premiums and medication. The legislation will also monitor private insurers by banning them from denying sick or costly clients insurance cover (New York Times). Besides, those with per-existing conditions will be insured. This is a risk in the insurance industry since the customers with pre-existing conditions are likely to die or claim payments on regular basis. The profits will reduce as insurers pay more claims per year. The cost of the new system is $938 billion (New York Times). The federal deficit is expected to reduce by $138 billion under the new system (New York Times). In a second article titled “what is at stake if the healthcare reform passes” (Biheri), the US healthcare system is described as inefficient. The current system is characterized by high costs, inconsistent and complex health covers (Biheri). Consequently, there is low demand for health covers and access to healthcare. Currently, insurers are offering covers only to customers who are less risky in order to reduce cost associated with paying claims (Biheri). C
As with many other foodstuffs and spices, the history of sugar cane is a long and tumultuous one. Entire nations have been created, and millions of people have been displaced to keep the sweet substance in circulation. Sugar cane was a cure-all for European apothecaries, a currency standard for colonial merchants, and had recently found an application in sustainable developmen
3 Key Steps to Building A Pay-for-Performance Culture. (2008). Workforce Management , S4. The work is concentrated on the disclosure of the principle elements contributing to HR processes; the author managed to highlight the key steps on the way to pay for performance culture establishment. The work outlined the following stages in the goal reaching: compensations planning, goal alignment, and performance management. It is necessary to underline the fact that the effects of the elements integration are illustrated in the form of high profits and revenue, top talent retention, and high quality of company’s business performance. Chen, H., & Fu, P. (2008). A systematic framework for performance appraisal and compensation strategy. Human Systems Management , 27 , 161-175. The article reflects the peculiarities of systematical strategic fit demonstrating the idea that it helps any company to concentrate on the representation of employees and evaluate them through humanistic way. It should be noted that the authors underlined the role of systematic performance appraisal on the basis of methods and criteria forming its functioning in the business running. Cordero, R., Walsh, S., & Kirchhoff, B. (2005). Motivating performance in innovative manufacturing plants. Journal of High Technology Management Research , 16 , 89-99. The manufacturing performance is motivated by the financial incentive plans on the basis of traditional dimensions, such as, quality, productivity, etc. The article is focused on the combination of intrinsically motivating jobs with incentive plans; it was shown that in case of plans extensive usage, the jobs never contribute to manufacturing performance. The work underlines the principle implications for performance motivating at innovative plants. Hampton, J. J. (1994). AMA Management Handbook . New York: Amacom. The book is aimed at the disclosure of practical management development and know-how being updated and modernized in this sphere. It is necessary to stress that the work gives an opportunity to analyze corporate marketing organizations and sales organization design. It discloses the solutions to the most complicated problems faced in business sphere through human resource management improvement. Hersch, W. S. (2008). Pay For Performance- More Timely Than Ever. National Underwriter / Life & Health Financial Services , 112 , 12-22. Hersch outlined the basic role of pay for performance in the world of commerce on the basis of central concept, stating that quality measures adoption are to be connected with reimbursement, rather than administered price arrangements. The author managed to underline the idea of pay for performance P4P place part in business advertising campaign and grabbing customers’ attention. Is pay-for-performance in crisis. (2002). Business Europe , 42 , 1-2. A pay for performance system is concentrated on the organizational effectiveness improvement; it should be noted that the system highlights the results of agencies’ operations and disclose the private sector of business functioning. The work presents the peculiariti
The main contention of the article is that responsible journalism is rapidly missing its place in the media industry. Whereas there are strict rules of engagement when gathering and reporting news, several cases of unethical gathering and reporting of news items have been noted in the recent past (Reese, Olasky, Carothers & Jensen 1989, p.479). Ricketson elaborates the subject of irresponsible journalism using Blair and Glass (Ricketson, 2004). It is evident that the targeted audiences are members of the public and the media industry (Shapiro, Albanese & Doyle 2006, p.436). The author has employed various persuasive techniques in delivering the content of the article. He makes use of several assertive and direct quotes from other pieces of literature to convince the reader. Second, the author attempts to engage the audience by asking questions. He has structured the article in such a way that it is easy for the reader to follow and analyze the events (Bechtel 2007, p. 179). In terms of the style and tone, it is more accessible to the audience. The facts are clearly presented. He has adopted an objective style of writing and left the reader to judge (Trouten 2012, p.530). From my perspective, unethical journalism has been vividly brought out in the article. An open critique approach is indeed persuasive because the author does not appear to be biased. This works quite well in the article. Nonetheless, the author has not demonstrated how the fictional technique can be unethical in journalism. Is it true that there is an extreme focus on news items that cover celebrities?
I have managed to develop a balanced worldview that informs my philosophy as a counselor. The ultimate goal is to uphold every person’s rights and liberties. The role of a counselor is to promote God’s work on earth. When well-being and happiness are maximized, individuals can achieve their potential (Gonzalez-Prendes & Brisebois, 2012). My worldview and value system have been impacted by my religious and personal values. I understand that people should respect others, obey God, and promote happiness. My values such as integrity and empathy emerge from my childhood experiences. My inherited characteristics also encourage me to be sympathetic and empathic. This worldview will definitely influence my work as a human service professional. I will always respect my clients’ cultural values, worldviews, and beliefs. The desire to learn more about the cultural attributes of the client is a strength that can maximize his or her well-being (Evans, Levitt, & Henning, 2012). The value system guides me to uphold the best values that can support the needs of every client. My value system and worldview will definitely empower me to meet the needs of more people. The core principles of ethics such as autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence guide human service professionals to support the needs of their clients. I have been able to apply the principles in my practice effectively. However, the principle of autonomy has proved to be a bit challenging for me especially when working with some of my colleagues. These core ethical principles require caregivers and counselors to follow their clients’ actions, decisions, and thoughts (Evans et al., 2012). The decisions made by the counselor should be free of coaxing, abuse, or coercion. However, sometimes I encounter colleagues and clients whose ideas and rituals appear to be harmful. For instance, there is a time I worked with a professional who believed that the rituals of the targeted client should be embraced even if they threatened his or her life. In such a scenario, it can be hard to convince the colleague that the targeted client should be supported and guided using the best approaches. It can be impossible to embrace the most appropriate and evidence-based practice while at the same upholding the client’s autonomy. Sometimes I can become emotional depending on the situation at hand and find it hard to collaborate with my colleagues (Gonzalez-Prendes & Brisebois, 2012). Case management is a powerful process that brings together different professionals to plan, assess, and coordinate the services needed to maximize the well-being of the client. In rehabilitation counseling, case management focuses on the best approaches to ensure the targeted client overcomes his or her personal and psychological problems (Evans et al., 2012). The management pr
Abstract Zonation is a major phenomenon in the life cycle of marine invertebrates such as the molluscs. The study involves an investigation into Zonation among the Gastropoda Bembicium nanum. Research has been done on the distribution, settlement as well as behavior of the Gastropoda with special emphasis on the Bembicium nanum . It additionally examines the factor of size variation. Introduction Gastropods constitute one of the major groups of the molluscs that also comprise the Bembicium nanum in the top shell category. The Gastropod Bembicium nanum predominantly inhabit the south-eastern part of Australia in an Eastern Warm Temperate zone. These include areas of Queensland, Yeppon and Port Lincoln as well as Tasmania. In addition, the distribution of the Gastropoda varies with changes in wave action in the various seasons. In terms of size, the Bembicium nanum is 22 mm in height with an eroded shell plus four to seven spiral ribs (Beechey, 2005). It also varies from other types of Gastropoda such as the Bembicium auratum on the basis of form and sculpture. The objective of this study is to evaluate the size variation and Zonation in the Gastropoda Bembicium nanum . Zonation Zonation in this case encompasses the distinctive of distribution of the Gastropoda besides its response to the environment as well as its sustenance (Russel, 1979). The Bembicium nanum inhabits the rocky shores in high intertidal zones. This area also provides habitat to the Nerita atramentosa . The Gastropoda Bebicium nanum occupies estimated densities of hundred per square meter for grazing. In the temperate regions, the Gastropoda undergo vertical Zonation on the rocky shores. This implies that the Bembicium nanum are relatively more active during high tide especially for those inhabiting the upper levels of the intertidal zones. Comparative studies conducted on the Bembicium nanum and the Nerita atramentosa indicate that the former has a higher level of mortality as a juvenile in contrast to the mature animal. The distribution of the Gastropoda is influenced by the population of alga. The sustenance of the Bebicium nanum is dependent on the existence of grazing scars that have been abandoned by the mature Gastropoda. Moreover, the juveniles graze in the scars as there is protection from tidal action. The settlement patterns of the larvae for Bebicium nanum is also compatible with the patterns observed in other intertidal marine Gastropoda. For instance, it is apparent that the invertebrates settle randomly on the rocky shores. The organisms remain in the area till mortality, relocation or prevalence of harsh economic conditions. Zonation among the Gastropoda Bembicium nanum is also determined by the occurrence favorable chemical and biochemical conditions of the intertidal zones. It additionally entails the behavioral aspects demonstrated by this Gastropoda as in its behavior in light, waves and towards gravity. The Gastropoda moves regularly in search of food covering a distance of 0.5-1 meter. In terms of reproduction, the Bebicium nanum undergo fertilization internally as
The program under consideration is The Children’s Oral Health Education Program. It is an intervention program the aim of which is to improve oral health of children in elementary school (New Jersey). Among the activities initiated by this program there are “Franny Flossisaurus” and “Mr. Gross Mouth” Programs”, as well as distribution of a special newsletter, the “Miles of Smiles” among local schools and health departments ( Children’s Oral Health Education Program , 2007). Apart from this, the program carries out classroom oral health activities which turn children’s attention to daily tooth brushing and the usage of fluoride toothpaste. With respect to this program, two main evaluations can be conducted, summative and external ones; the evaluation findings can then be used for future research and the analysis of the health issue in question. To begin with, summative evaluation can be conducted to determine whether The Children’s Oral Health Education Program has entailed any positive changes. In general, summative evaluation “begins with the development of goals and objectives and is conducted after implementation to determine the program’s impact on the priority population” (McKenzie, Pinger, & Kotecki, 2008, p. 141). With regards to this, the evaluation should consist in comparing the objectives of the program set during the formative evaluation (if it was carried out) and the program’s meeting these objectives. To do this, any improvements of the children’s oral health should be registered and compared with the state of their oral health before taking part in the program; any improvements will testify to the success of the program. In this way, summative evaluation will be conducted. Another kind of evaluation useful to carry out is the external evaluation. In contrast to the internal evaluation, the external one is performed by a person who does not have any relation to the program, which makes the results of such evaluation objective. One of the greatest benefits of external evaluation is that it verifies whether the right activities are carried out and whether the proper methods are used. Thus, external evaluation is effective and objective. The results from these two kinds of evaluation can be used further in some ways. Firstly, they provide basis for future research; for instance, if the external evaluation defines the weaknesses of the methods used by the program, this can be used to make the program more effective in future. Secondly, the data obtained from the summative evaluation will reflect the current state of the oral healthcare and contribute into improving it if necessary because it will be clear which issues should be paid more attention to. Finally, the value resulting from the evaluation findings consists in their emphasizing the necessity of social programs; the Children’s Oral Health Education Program may serve as an example f
Introduction to ED/BMI Eating disorders and their association with body mass index (BMI). Three main eating disorders (ED) include:   * Anorexia nervosa (AN);   * Bulimia nervosa (BN);   * Binge-eating disorder (BED). Introduction to Emotional Eating/ED Psychopathology Eating concerning adverse emotions and ED psychopathology. Maladaptive of Overeating and BED. Analysis of emotional eating concerning under- and overeating is important. Objective/Hypothesis Diverse subtypes of ED demonstrate such dysfunctional eating behaviors in response to emotions as overeating and/or restriction. Emotional eating compares with BMI, which also varies between EDs and thus, confounds this comparison. Methodology Participants: Female ED patients (n = 204) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 172 ranging from lean to overweight). Measures: Salzburg emotional eating scale (SEES).   * Procedures   * Data Analysis Results of Emotions on EDs Sadness eating scores were lowest in ANR and increased to AN-BP, BN, and up to BED. Anger ea