ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction According to historical documentation, Hiroshima was founded in the year 1589 by Mori Motonari (Burgan 35). It was established during the Meiji era and gradually developed into a large urban centre that served other regions and cities around it. Mori Motonari founded the city and established his rule that involved a strong army and several government officials. Today, the city is characterized by a flat delta, 7 outlets that emanate from the Ota River, and six islands. However, some hills located in the city constitute the main landmarks of the city because of their heights. Historically, Hiroshima is renowned for the 1945 nuclear bomb attack that damaged it heavily (Burgan 36). Historians have defined the attack as one of the critical moments of the 20 th century. Hiroshima is considered a historical city because of the nuclear attack that was initiated by the United States. After the attack, Hiroshima was reconstructed into a memorial city as a way of commemorating the devastating attack. The attack destroyed Hiroshima and killed thousands of people. Recovery efforts included building new schools, renovating damaged buildings, and restoring damaged roads and electricity systems. Founding of Hiroshima Mori Motonari founded Hiroshima and maintained control over the city by establishing a strong army that resisted external attacks. After approximately 100 years, the grandson of Motonari lost in a battle against Tokugawa Leyasu. This led to establishment of new leadership in Hiroshima. Leyasu handed over certain provinces of Hiroshima to rival leaders in surrounding regions. These actions weakened Hiroshima. For example, he gave the province of Ari to his friend who had supported him in a battle that led to the capture of Hiroshima. Leyasu was responsible for diminishing the influence that Hiroshima had on the region. Asano later became leader of the whole region of Hiroshima han. At the time, Hiroshima was the capital of the region surrounding Hiroshima that included other cities and administrative provinces (Burgan 41). Under Asano’s rule, Hiroshima developed and prospered greatly. His rule was characterized by peace and stability throughout the city. There were few internal and external co
It would be easier to look at the bigger picture when certain issues are under scrutiny. In fact, human beings have the tendency to blame an unrelated fact for problems they face. The fingers are always pointed to unpleasant weather, traffic, or a terrible morning, but when we think about it, there are a lot of things more reasonable to blame. The daily news on television always celebrates the president’s acts and shows updates on the war on Iraq and politics. The focus of the media is on the famous people of the country and irrelevant issues to the general public, such as murders and other useless information. Have we heard yet of the little but important things such as the reason why there are murderers out there, why such violence exists, or why the most important issue facing America today is divorce? It may seem that the issue of divorce is not significant for a first-world nation, but statistics and facts show that it is. The family is the basic unit of the society that contributes to its make-up. The main victims of divorce are the children and neither the parents. A child’s growth, as directed by the parents’ teachings, affects his attitude, perspective, and dictates what he becomes in the future. To have the chance to live in a house with both parents intact gives the child holistic development emotionally and behaviorally. Fagan and Rector stated clearly that children coming from broken families do poorly in school, become alcoholics or addicted to certain prohibited drugs, become more susceptible to attempting suicide, and are more likely involved in committing crimes. The negative effects of a domestic problem have a direct correlation to the kinds of people that constitute a society. If so, what if the real cause of the major problems are not too big at all rather the simplest relationships formed by the family? This problem needs a resolution that may not involve pickets, rallies, or even laws that take a long time to be approved. Good communication skills and respect for each other create a sound marriage that works for the parents and the children. The family’s foundation should be based on morals and love rather than mistrust and obligation. Parents should ultimately put their children as a top priority and consider their welfare before making an extreme decision of splitting up. The first thing that comes to mind when we talk about a national issue is politics. In this country, it is inevitable to think that the President and his war is the greatest problem to date. Yet this issue will die down in time and be replaced by another after a while. This is the type of self-limiting problem that can be solved by legislators and government officials. Unlike the concerns on divorce, which spans more than a lifetime and affects more than one life, this proves to be more of a national issue to me. On a personal note, it may not be considering the big picture, but it does not disregard the value of having a family based on a solid foundation that assures a better future for children. Works cited F
Every religion has its cannons described in “the main book of all believers”. Thus, Islam has Koran, The Five Classics for Confucianism, Vedas for Hinduism, Bible for Christians, etc. The list can be continued almost endlessly. Each religion considers their texts to be sacred and dictated by their Gods. The texts are very important to support the believers and their belief. In the “holy books”, we can find everything considering the life which people of a certain religion should lead: there are the stories of “sacred people”, instructions how to pray, behave and think. Moreover, these books are canonized and no one (belonging to the religion) can argue that the text contains false information. Thus, the expression “‘this text and not that text is the complete and total words of God” can be applied to every religion and presents the problem of religious canons. In this essay, we are going to discuss and explain the problem of religious cannons. We will take The Bible as the most famous holly book, as an example of sacred text which serves the basis for religious cannons. The Bible is one of the best well-known religious books in the world. It is composed of many sacred writings. They are all different in titles, historical periods they were written and messages. The Bible is not a single book, and, at the same time, there are no individual books that would express the Biblical canons. Different parts of the Bible were adopted by different religions or branches of religion (such as Catholicism and Orthodoxy). For example, the main stream of Judaism bases its religious beliefs on 24 books of the Tanah, and the Samaritans approve only five of them. Furthermore, there is the Hebrew Bible, Ethiopian Orthodox Bible, The Christian Bible, etc. All these parts of the Bible present specific religious cannons. What is the main reason for division of the Bible into several parts? First of all, it should be mentioned that the texts of this book were written in different times and the whole book encompasses in it a very long time period. It goes without saying that attitudes of people towards religion have been changing over times and these changes were reflected in the sacred texts. Second, religion has always been closely connected to the government, especially in the middle ages. Church tried to establish control over the people. Religion is one of the strongest methods of influence. Consequently, it is no wonder that some dogmas were interpreted from the point of view of church or government. In this regard, many branches of Christianity were establishing during the times in order to confront or support the mainstream. At
Introduction Ice age adaptations include the Pleistocene, which is divided into four stages. This includes early Pleistocene stage, middle Pleistocene stage, late Pleistocene as well as numerous faunal stages. Pleistocene term is derived from the Greek word plestos kainos, which means most new. Pleistocene is the sixth epoch of Cenozoic Era. The late Pleistocene stage corresponds with the terminal of Paleolithic age. The Pleistocene dates approximately 1.806 million years ago (Gibbard, P. and van Kolfschoten, T. (2004). The ice age period was characterized with massive ice cover on earth. This explains the frequent glacial activity during that age. Pleistocene climate had characteristic El Nino as well as trade winds. Ice age was characterized with low temperatures. The mean annual temperatures averaged at -6 °C. Other features of this period include increased snow on mountaintops, increased river flow as well as full lakes due to low temperatures experienced at that time. During this period, oceanic evaporation extent was low due to low temperatures (Gibbard, P. and van Kolfschoten, T. (2004). This resulted to low precipitation in form of rainfall leading to occurrence of dry and extensive deserts. Major events characterizing this period is glaciations, which transformed the earth’s geography as well as plant and animal evolution. Ice age is characterized by distinct hominin adaptation. These adaptations are based on environmental conditions associated with ice and glaciers. Hominin adaptations during ice age All organisms develop adaptations to an environment and only the fit survive. This s according to the law of natural selection by Charles Darwin. During the ice age, 30 % of earth was covered by ice. Few plants could withstand the harsh climate. Rainfall was also inadequate leading to development of expansive deserts. This explains why the world experienced minimal plant coverage. Food was scarce and hard to get by. Organisms had to develop adaptations to cope with the environment. Early australopiths as well as early Homo preferred living in wooded places. The woods acted as shelter. They lived in groups and families. Homo erectus was living in some parts of Africa. Unlike Early Australopiths, Homo erectus lived in open places. They also lived in groups. Due to low temperatures characterizing the ice age, mammals including hominin had some adaptations. These adaptations are categorized into anatomical as well as behavioral in an attempt to curb extinction. Their skins were literally covered with hair. Scientifically, hair traps air inside the skin pores preventing loss of heat to the surrounding since air is a poor conductor of heat. Tufts of hair kept the hominin species warm (Gibbard, P. and van Kolfschoten, T. (2004). Another adaptations of hominin included massive deposit of fat on adipose tissues. Fat acted as energy stores since fat is a more efficient source of energy compared to other food types. This is so because it produced a
Abstract The following internal memorandum is written to provide research on a problematic situation involving bankruptcy, child, and spousal support arrears. It will explore strategies both on the Federal and State Texas levels. Background The client, Paul Player, presented for a consultation last week with several issues. Mr. Player and his ex-wife, Pam Player, were divorced in January 2010. Mr. Player retained custody of the couple’s two children, and Ms. Player was ordered to pay child support for $2,000.00 per month, and spousal support in the amount of $1,500.00 per month, for a total of $3,500.00. Ms. Player lost her job and is currently six months behind in child and spousal support arrears in the sum of $21,000.00. She filed a motion with the Family Court to reduce the amount of child support payments, and the motion was denied. To complicate matters, Ms. Player filed a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. The debt owed to Mr. Player was not included in the Schedules and Statements provided with the Bankruptcy Petition. Mr. Player found out when a creditor attempted to collect on an unsecured loan that he co-signed for Ms. Player. The 341 Meeting of Creditors was held last week, the day after Mr. Player came in. Unfortunately, although Mr. Player had provided documentation as to the date, he was not represented at this hearing due to a miscommunication with this office. Since no objection was made on behalf of Mr. Player at the 341 Hearing, the Plan was approved by the Chapter 13 Trustee and the Bankruptcy Court. To assist Mr. Player, and rectify the situation, research was done to identify the various remedies that may assist Mr. Player in collecting the domestic support obligation that is due to him. Therefore, the following memorandum will outline the remedies available to Mr. Player in a resolution of these issues. Before taking any action with the Court, it might be beneficial to begin by contacting Ms. Player’s bankruptcy attorney. If this attorney is cooperative, he can automatically file a Plan modification under 11 U.S.C. § 1329, which states that a debtor can modify the Chapter 13 Plan at any time. If Ms. Player’s bankruptcy attorney is willing, he can make modifications to the Schedules and Statements, and change the Plan to reflect the domestic support obligations. If this attorney is unwilling or unable to cooperate, other steps can be taken to ensure that Mr. Player receives the support obligations due him (the Cornell University of Law, n.d.). Child support is not dischargeable in bankruptcy (Morgan, 2003). According to 11 U.S.C. § 507(a)(1), domestic obligations are a priority claim when filing a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. The statute allows “…unsecured claims for domestic support obligations that, as of the date of the filing of the petition in a case under this title, are owed to or recoverable by a spouse, former spouse, or child of the debtor, or such child’s parent, legal guardian, or responsible relative, without regard to whether the claim
What is the source of your news item? The New York Times. Title of news item Coal-fired power took a beating during the pandemic, study finds. Date published February 8, 2021. To which module from class does the news item connect? Module 9.1 Coal. Summary of article This article deals with the issue of coal power and its implications on greenhouse emissions. Furthermore, a shift to renewable energy is discussed in relation to moving away from coal-generated energy during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Coal plays an important role in many industries and is primarily used to fuel power plants that generate electricity across the United States and worldwide. This nonrenewable resource is still widely used despite the concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, which it causes, thus, increasing the climate risks around the world. However, as the COVID-19 broke out at the end of 2019, researchers noticed a decline in demand for coal-generated energy compared to other power sources. This tendency could help people shift to renewable energy in the nearest future. As researchers found, there has been less demand for coal power in some plants that emit the largest amounts of greenhouse gases in the world. One of them, carbon dioxide, is known to increase the greenhouse effect and speed up global warming. Therefore, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by moving away from coal power is an essential step towards a more sustainable future and renewable energy use. The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany published a report that analyzes electricity demand and emissions in several regions: the US, Europe, and India. The study established that a 20% reduction of power demand since 2019 was linked to a 50% decrease in carbon dioxide emissions in some regions. In particular, the most prominent changes were found in Germany, Spain, and Great Britain. Traditionally, natural gas used to be the most expensive of all available power sources, and gas-fired plants used to be the first to stop operating if power demand reduced. However, the study findings revealed that coal power has a higher operating cost than gas power during the pandemic. The researchers believe that the trend of moving away from coal-powered plants could continue after the pandemic. Even though factories based on renewable energy, such as solar or
A governor has numerous duties and responsibilities. To fulfill the different responsibilities, governors must utilize the resources and the formal and informal powers conferred to them. Formal powers are those institutional laws that emanate from the governor’s office. Some powers are inherent outside the office; hence, they are referred to as informal powers. Such powers depend on personal skills, experience and knowledge about leadership that assists individuals in such offices to performing their duties. This paper discusses how I would utilize my formal and informal powers to address illegal immigration in the state of Texas. Texas is one of the American states with high numbers of illegal immigrants Charldean, Prindle, and Riddlesperger 111. Although the public assigns immense powers to the governor’s office, Texas’ office of the governor enjoys weak institutional powers because of the constitution’s provision of multiple offices that server alongside the office of the governor. This leaves the governor with no choice, but to utilize his/her personal, leadership and management leadership skills so as to serve the public in the most preferred way. Texas being one of the states worst hit by the burden of illegal of illegal immigration in the United States, requires sound rules to counter this menace that is a threat to the national security. This could be due to failure or lack of proper enforcement of the laws that govern immigration. From my point of view, the existing laws concerning illegal immigration have not been strictly enforced. As a governor, I would be the forefront in enforcing the Federal Immigration Law. I would show total cooperation with all the stakeholders (Federal and local officials) inascertaining individual’s immigration status. Here, I would propose strict bills and policies on the terms and conditions of alien admission to Texas. All employers should be highly scrutinized where state officials must conduct surprise audits in order to verify the origin
The business strategy of Nordstrom tends to focus on the superior customer’s loyalty and experience while emphasizing the availability of the best services to generate the company’s revenue and enhance the overall performance (Lutz, 2014). The company pays vehement attention to the ability of the workforce to meet the organizational goals and objectives (Weston, 1999). Meanwhile, the compliance of the critical performance variables and diagnostic control system with the initial strategy are the primary contributors to the company’s success. One of the crucial components of the firm’s success is the customer-centred approach, as it implies prioritizing the relationships with the clients as the primary drivers of success. In this case, the company discovers the importance of HRM and ER strategies while motivating the employees by a financial reward system and store commission-selling program (Weston, 1999). It could be said that the actions are driven by the potential remuneration for the performed sales (Weston, 1999; Salaman, Storey, & Billsberry, 2005). In this case, the reward system and payment for the completed work and performance are the core elements of the company’s HR strategy, and as a consequence, this tactic complies with Nordstrom’s cost-optimization initiatives. It could be stated that the indicators and managerial systems set within the organization increase the rivalry among the employees and lead to the upsurge in sales and development of the strong customer’s base. Meanwhile, the utilization of these approaches helps minimize the costs related to the additional duties performed by the employees. The compliance of these strategic initiatives with the company’s tactics increases its recognition while makes it one of the brightest examples of best customer’s service in the retail segment (Solomon, 2016). Nonetheless, despite the initial positive intentions and desire to enhance the growth of the revenues, the company experienced the court suit due to the violation of the working conditions and labour law (Weston, 1999). This incidence reflects the ineffectiveness of harsh management tactics determines that the best practices approach has to be prioritized due to its possibility to build the social capital, increase employees’ competences, and cultivate a friendly atmosphere in the organization (Salaman et al., 2005). In turn, this problem portrays the fact that the ethical concepts and morale cannot be underestimated, as they affect the attitudes among the employees (Wiley, 2000). Based on the factors provided above, it could be summarized that an increase in the financial capital could not be prioritized over the employees, as the commitment and attitudes of the workforce define the overall performance and quality of
Executive Summary The community improvement project is concerned with involving the Home Depot Foundation in addressing the vulnerable populations’ needs in Atlanta, Georgia. These populations included veterans and victims of natural disasters who receive the non-profit organization’s assistance through several grants and programs sponsored by the Home Depot Foundation. In collaboration with Atlanta’s local government, the Foundation will identify communities in need and provide resources to build housing and sustain the overall comfortable living. Social media will be the key reporting tool for maintaining project transparency. Introduction With the support of the Home Depot Foundation, the community improvement project is targeted at addressing the needs of underserved individuals, predominantly veterans, and victims of natural disasters. The communities of Atlanta, Georgia, will be assessed to identify areas for improvement and determine which populations require most non-profit organization. Both collaborating parties will engage the public in charitable work to foster the environment of social responsibility. Community Improvement Project The main shared service provided to the target population of the project will be the provision of housing to veterans and other vulnerable populations in Atlanta, Georgia. In collaboration with the Atlanta City Council and the Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms, the Home Depot Foundation will assess the local communities in the city, identify the target population, and proceed with improvement projects. Organizations Roles and Responsibilities The key responsibility of the Home Depot Foundation in the community improvement project is to provide financial support for its implementation, along with ensuring the appropriate supply of personnel. The local government will be responsible for fostering community support and encouraging volunteer work from responsible society members. To sustain the successful collaboration between the Home Depot Foundation and the government of Atlanta, a communication strategy of transparency and teamwork should be fostered. Both parties should set the objective of helping vulnerable populations and negotiate all procedures that should be implemented to ensure its success. Fostering Strong Relationships In terms of the relationships between the city government and the Home Depot Foundation, supplementary, complementary, and adversarial qualities should be discussed. In the supplementary form, the local government fills a need unmet by the non-profit (Schatteman & Bingle, 2015). For example, this may include engaging local officials in surveying communities and finding areas for improvement. In the complementary form, the government may facilitate an increased coverage of the project so that the general public knows about its goals. From the adversarial standpoint, the government may limit the Foundation’s operations if the latter does not comply with publi