ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Population growth is inevitable because there has been an increase in birth rate and reduction in number of deaths in the UK in recent years (BBC, 2008). Aside from that, the increase in population can also be attributable to migration, and over the years more and more people from abroad are coming to work and stay in the UK (BBC, 2008). There are many implications to a continuous increase in population. When it comes to the transportation sector the increase in the number of people travelling to work, school, and attending to their businesses will surely mean congestion and pollution. It is imperative to find ways to reduce congestion and pollution. In the 21 st century one of the solutions is to integrate computer systems to improve the efficiency of public transportation. This model can be seen at work at National Express Coventry where the public transport system is being managed by the help of a computer system that improves scheduling and tracking of 160 buses. The use of computer systems at National Express does not only improve efficiency but it also helps reduce pollution by reducing the number of cars on the streets. In the 21 st century words like sustainability, climate change, carbon emission and carbon footprint are constantly in the headlines, in small-group discussions, in corporate board meetings, in schools and practically in every location where intelligent people as well as concerned citizens come to meet and voice out their concerns about the condition of the environment in the UK in particular and the whole planet in general. There seems to be a consensus that humans could not continue living as if this world is indestructible, it is imperative that this present generation must start to become better stewards of this planet so that the next generation will find a world that is not damaged beyond repair. In the UK, one of the major concerns is the transportation sector, specifically the presence of so many vehicles in the streets. There is no need to elaborate why people will continue to purchase cars and yet there must be a way to reduce the number of vehicles traveling through major thoroughfares, especially in the cities. If the number of people using cars can be reduced, then congestion and pollution can be brought down to acceptable levels. This is easier said than done but someone must start somewhere. The best place to start is to focus on the impact of car pollution in the UK. Pollution from Cars According to one report, there are 33 million vehicles in the UK and of that number 27 million are cars (UK Environmental Protection, 2009). One can easily understand the number of exhaust fumes from twenty-seven million tailpipes. This is the major reason why UK residen
The analysis of the internal perspective of the growth of the business reflects on the operations that the organization must undertake to stimulate productivity and the quality of employees. In addition to the internal factors that influence the organization, external factors affect the performance of the business. The external factors include political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal, and environmental issues (Oakland 114). The political environment involves the political stability of the country in which the business is operating. In this case, the additional factors that the political factors would influence include the regulation policies formulated by the government. If the government formulates stern policies based on its doctorial nature, the business operations will suffer leading to poor performance and reduction in quality provision. On the other hand, if the government adopts democratic leadership, business issues will be considered during policy development leading to business growth in the whole industry (George et al., 145). Economic factors are crucial for business survival and success. In this case, the businesses will be structured in a manner that will enhance the continuous maintenance of existing capital while reaping profit from it. This implies that factors such as employment level, disposable income of consumers, inflation rates, productivity, and wealth of the consumers will vary accordingly. The level of employment influences the performance of the business because the employment rates raise the demand for its products and services. As a result, it stimulates the growth and development of the business due to increased revenue levels. On the contrary, when the employment rates are low, the performance of the business declines leading to reduced revenues due to the decrease in the number of consumers. The disposable income to consumers affects the performance of the business. Even
Introduction In the contemporary literary world, there are stories that can be considered as legends. These are stories that depict several features making them qualify as urban legends. Contemporary legends refer to the stories that are said to be true. These stories are carried on from one individual to another. In most instances, the contemporary legends are passed through word or mouth or mass media. In the present times, electronic media may also be used to pass down the legends. It has been observed that contemporary legends mirror the modern themes. The contemporary legends have been in existence for quite some time. However, they were neglected as the focus was on other forms of literature. Nonetheless, the contemporary legends became prominent in the second half of the 20th century following the publication of various works in this genre (Clarke, para 2). The legend of the Fir-tree is a good example of an urban legend. The story was told by Lonely Shell and it goes as follows: The legend of the Fir-tree They both knew, from the start, that their love was impossible; that a day would come when they would have to say ‘Good-bye’. On Christmas Eve, they decided that their relationship, as beautiful as an angel’s love story, should end with the dying year. He would have liked to have spent all of their days together, but she decided it was better to leave. “The New Year should find us in our new lives, where we will miss each other” she said. There were tears in her eyes, as she kissed him good-bye and he could still hear her words, as he looked through the window of the house, at the traces of her steps, far away, at the edge of the forest. He had wanted to accompany her until they reached the base of the mountain, where the town began, so that he would know she was safe, but she didn’t want him to. She wanted to leave, without looking behind, remembering him there, in the house of their love. The memory she was always going to keep in her heart. The snowfall was getting heavier and, as all trace of her was slowly disappearing, covered by the snow, his fears and worries were growing. He should not have let her leave! At least, not before it had stopped snowing! ‘How is she going to reach the town alone, through all this snow. It grows thicker with each moment? The days are so short; soon the evening will fall, she might lose her way and remain alone in that desert of snow, where nobody will hear her if she screams, or the wolves may attack her, before she can get out of the forest!’ He decided that he should find her, at any cost, and bring her back, or at least go with her to the town. He grabbed a hatchet, for defense against the wild animals, and started running through the snow, following the traces of her steps that were barely visible. He could hardly walk by now, and the evening was getting darker and darker. He hoped that she had found shelter, inside the ruins of the old hut, in the clearing, on the top of the hill, but nobody was there. All traces of her had been completely erased! He fell to
In the 21 st century, migration has become a critical political subject in most countries. Partially, migration is caused by the widening difference between the first and third world countries but other factors such as agricultural revolution, climatic change, rural-urban migration, unemployment, insecurity, and human rights violations still play a big role. Researchers have also observed that migration flow among various nations revolve around economic and technological reforms (Routledge 1). According to the United Nations (UN), the volume of human migration across the globe has
Introduction The use of animals in entertainment has a long history, starting from the amphitheaters of the Roman Empire. At that time, along with gladiators’ combats, the entries of hunting and killing bears, bulls, and exotic African animals, were often presented to the public. However, at present, the ethical issues in this field became the matter of utmost importance, perhaps due to mass character and an unprecedentedly wide variety of the ways the animals are used in the entertainment industry. It has been proven that the level of animals’ life in such circumstances is deplorable; apart from being withdrawn from their natural environment, they experience abuse and exploitation by people. Their basic needs, such as their natural habitat and appropriate alimentation, are not met, and they are affected physically and mentally. With this concern, the measures to be taken against it often become a matter of discussion, with the question of whether the use of animals for entertainment be continued. In this paper, the position which denies the right to continue animals’ use for entertainment purpose is taken. First, the various methods of such use will be discussed. After that, there will be examined several aspects of the problem. It will include the arguments in support of this position, such as the impact of the unnatural environment on animals, and the forms of their exploitation and their correlation with ethical norms. In turn, the concern of moral rights will lead to the question about animals’ mental and cognitive abilities. Methods of the Use of Animals in Entertainment The first group of institutions of the entertainment industry includes zoos, aquaria, and animal parks. As argued by Scanes, two approaches might be considered here, in the mode of people’s interaction with the animals. The first, “noncaptive” wildlife tourism includes ecotourism, nature adventure, and photographic safari, while “captive” related to visiting zoos, animal parks, aquaria, i.e., the places where animals are in some way under observation and control, experiencing different levels of human intervention (Scanes). Modern zoos were developed from public menageries, such as Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna, established in 1752, and the Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes in Paris, which opened in 1793; later they were followed by the London Zoo and the Berlin Zoo. Initially, zoos were created for scientific purposes, as well as conservational as many of them contained endangered animals. Along with that, they served as a place for public education, where the visitors could explore the fragment of the wild nature and its inhabitants. At the same time, aquaria were constructed “for public enjoyment, profit, civic/national pride, and as anchors for economic development” (Scanes 227). As it could be observed, these institutions from the very beginning of their existence were expected to serve the purpose of humans, rather than animals.
Fay is a man of age 34 who works for a construction company. He is a smoker. Being an unskilled laborer, he has been deployed in the housebuilding sector where he assists the masons in such activities as ferrying building stones and bricks to the site. It was noted that Fay becomes extremely worn out while executing the tasks. During the task, Fay makes a countless number of short calls and often takes water irrespective of the time of the day or the prevailing weather conditions. Fay has impairments as his body functions are distorted. Once the human body develops diabetes, it follows that a person will regularly experience increased hunger, increased urination as well as an increased desire to take water (Beckles, 2008; White et al., 2010). Notably, Fay’s participation is quite inappropriate as he experiences activity limitations and participation restrictions. According to site managers, his participation is not adequate. His workmates are not aware of his condition and they often make fun of him whenever he makes short calls and demandingly seeks water. While sometimes he develops a violent nature against his workmates for making fun of him, he complains of being side-lined and therefore becomes depressed. Intervention The future of a diabetic person who has ignored medication is usually hit by serious complications (Egede et al., 2002; D’Antonio & Lewenson, 2010). If the condition is ignored, it follows that a person can also experience non-ending complications such as ketaocidiosis, hypoglycaemia and hyperosmolar coma among other complications. Fay is suffering from diabetes mellitus and as such, an intervention is required. According to medics, the best intervention for diabetes is Nursing Intervention. Nursing intervention can be described as actions that a nurse undertakes in an effort towards furthering treatment for a patient. The targeted ICF aspects include the development of the patient’s participation (i.e. participation in activities to help in blood circulation and controlling the mood through engaging the patient in exciting events). In other words, nursing intervention helps improve environmental factors. However, while nursing intervention is regarded as the most effective intervention for diabetes mellitus, there are risks that are associated with it. Thus, a diabetic person is known to be short-tempered and can get aggrieved by petty things (Wendy & Votroubek, 2010). Since the risk of violence for the diabetic patient cannot be completely eliminated, it is necessary that mitigation strategies be identified (Wagner, 2001). One of the main violence mitigation strategies is as follows: the caregiver can make attempts of decoding communication patterns that are seemingly incomprehensible. In addition to this, the health care professional can seek both clarifications as well as validation from the patient. Apart from this, the health care practitioner can orient the patient to reality as it is required with regard to all medical cases. In this strategy, the medical practitioner is required to call the patient by his name. Further, the caregiver is required to validate the communication asp
Decision-making is a rather important and responsible process that determines, to a great extent, the success of every single individual and even the whole organization. However, decision making can be misleading, and framing is one of the traps that people use to convince others in their ideas and turn their decision to their advantage. The case under consideration presents the bright example of the successful framing used by the salesperson to shape the decision made by Ron. To start the discussion of Ron’s framing, it is necessary to define the latter. As Gonzalez, Dana, Koshino, and Just (2005) argue, “The ‘‘framing effect’’ is observed when a decision maker’s risk tolerance (as implied by their choices) is dependent upon how a set of options is described. Specifically, people’s choices when faced with consequentially identical decision problems framed positively (in terms of gains) versus negatively (in terms of losses) are often contradictory” (p. 2). Thus, Ron’s framing took place under the influence of positive description of the goods the salesperson was set to sell. The thinking process of Ron’s can be outlined through the following ideas shaping his reasoning:   * We bought equipment from this firm and it proved to be of high quality and efficiency;   * Additional options will definitely facilitate the equipment efficiency;   * Cost of the additional options is too high for our company;   * Potential benefits of those additional options outweigh costs, and the salesperson has managed to convince me in this. These are the ideas that framed Ron’s decision to agree on purchasing the additional options offered by the salesperson. However, if another framing technique was used to present the additional options to Ron his decision might be different. As De Martino, Kumaran, Seymour, and Dolan (2006) argue, positive and negative descriptions of goods can change the decisions made (p. 684). The salesperson presented the potential benefits of additional options purchase to Ron, and his decision was favorable to her. If she presented the negative side of the purchase, the framing would be different as well as the decision made. For example, if the expensiveness of the additional options was presented as the major factor in the purchase, Ron would have thought twice before making the deal. As well, if the salesperson or any of Ron’s assistants drew his attention to the fact that the promised benefits of the additional options are not guaranteed and depends on numerous other factors, the decision would be different as well. As Plous (1993) argues, people believe in what they are convinced to, and if the negative description of the purchase were more convincing, Ron would, as any other human being under the influence of framing effect, make another decision. Drawing from this, framing can be viewed dually. On the one hand, it is the powerful tool of persuasion and its results can be positive when dealing with conservatism that does not allow making necessary innovations to organizations, policies, etc (Plous, 1993). However, moral implications of framing are neg
Being one of the most established telecommunications company both regionally and globally, it is important for Etisalat to put in place measures that will enable it to attain and sustain its competitive advantage. Currently, Etisalat has put in place various measures that are aimed at ensuring that its products are the most preferred in the market, and customer satisfaction initiative is effective in attracting and retaining the customers. However, more needs to be done especially within the front of customer attraction and retention initiatives. The behavior of customers in respect to the company’s activities and particularly cancellation of services and the reasons behind these cancellations should be analyzed carefully. Cancellation damages the image of the company and its business since it directly translates to loss of revenues. In case a high number of customers decide to cancel the ordered services at a given time, the losses from foregone charges on customers can be significant (Walters, Kadragic, and Walters 90). One of the issues that should be analyzed as far as customer cancellation is concerned is the level of information or misinformation that customers have regarding the product. Information is a vital aspect in any business that relies on offering its services as its main model. This information should be dissipated in the correct manner and through the right channels because if such information is distorted through malicious transmission channels or any other way, it becomes misinformation. Misinformation is likely to lead to loss of customers because of the level of deviation from what was originally meant to be relayed to the customers. Correct information regarding a product or service will enable the company to retain its customers, thereby, reducing cancellation of services. This can be achieved through enhanced marketing strategies that should help the company expand its marketing initiatives with an aim of creating awareness about its service to a wider customer base (Gryna, Chua, and DeFeo 78). In addition to effective marketing strategies, there is a need for efficient advertising strategies that aim at ensuring the products are familiar to all the customers. In addition to information, another reason that can lead to cancellation of services by the company’s customers is their satisfaction levels. Customer satisfaction is a very important aspect that should be incorporated in any customer retention initiatives undertaken by the company. This is attributable to the fact that satisfied customers are not likely to cancel the services provided to them, while dissatisfied customers are more likely to cancel their services with the company. In light of this fact, the company should institute more measures aimed at enhancing the levels of satisfaction among its customers. This might include timely response to queries, improvements in the services offered, and enhancement of the overall customer experience through hiring competent customer care (Ayish 385). The third and final aspect that might be behind customers’
Introduction Leisure is a very essential aspect of every individual’s life. It entails taking a break from daily activities and demands and having some fun with friends and family. Vacation is a period spent for rest and leisure-related activities such as recreation and travel, putting aside aspects of work, or any other activity that occupies our routine practices for instance studies. There are various ways through which a vacation could be spent depending on what an individual or a particular group of people deem enjoyable. Some may consider having a good time indoors while others would prefer traveling to cool entertainment places the latter option is most preferred. Vacations go hand in hand with some spending since people tend to consider enjoying what they have not been having on normal occasions. The expenses could, for example, include traveling costs, lodging, food, and drinks as well as charges on other forms of recreation like swimming among others. This essay looks at the worth of spending on a vacation in an effort to justify expenditure with my family on the planned vocational trip. The family vacation I personally consider a vacation to be a healthy and important aspect to every individual irrespective of age or social status. Ha