ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The copyright dispute, which arose between Zora Hurston and Langston Hughes, broke the intimate friendship of these two writers and possibly their long and productive partnership. It occurred when they were working on a play called Mule Bone, which was a comedy about the life of African-Americans. Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes had a lot in common. Both of the writers took their part in the so-called “Harlem Renaissance ” – a social, intellectual, and artistic explosion that happened in Harlem, New York, in the 1920s. It should be pointed out that this issue can be interpreted from legal and moral points of view, and this case may be of great interest to literary scholars and lawyers. The Conflict of Zora and Langston We need to take into consideration the fact that almost any argument, put forward either by Langston Hughes or Zora Neale Hurston, cannot be proved, and this circumstance immensely complicates the case To explain this conflict, we should first explain the nature of their co-authorship as it may throw at least some light on various aspects of their tensions. First, Hughes claims that he developed the plot of this play, did some characterizations and dialogues, whereas Hurston was supposed to recreate the atmosphere of Southern life as the action of Mule Bone took place in Florida (Hughes as cited in Hemenway, p 137). It is rather challenging to define Zora Hurston’s role when we look at this claim. We can suppose that she was working on the speech of the main characters, their humor, accent, and so forth. For quite a long time, the process of writing was quite productive, but at the very end, they came to a sharp disagreement. Initially, Hurston decided that they should take a short recess and finish the book afterward. However, since that time, the Zora and Langston never saw each other ever again. Despite numerous Hughes’ numerous attempts to re-establish their cooperation, Hurston refused even to speak with him. Furthermore, she gave the manuscript to the publishing house and stated that she had been the only author (Leach, p 50). In one of her letters to Hughes, Zora Hurston wrote to Hughes, “Now about the play. It was my story from beginning to end. It is my dialogue, my situations. But I am not concerned about that” (Hurston, as cited in Hemenway p. 142). Thus, we may say that she was somewhat unwilling to listen to any of his counter-arguments. Some critics believe that this conflict was caused by a quarrel between them (Hemenway, p 137-140), but we do not know it for sure. Apart from that, it is supposed that they could not agree on several details of the play: some scenes and personality of a few characters. At any rate, in later years, none of them decided to take legal action and go to the court. This is what we know at this point. It
Qualitative research resolves issues using numeric valuations, and it has acquired prominence with time due to its simplicity to embrace standard ways to conduct research. Constructivists’ way of solving problems has dominated qualitative research because paradigms pursue to comprehend a phenomenon from the participants’ understanding using different information collecting agents. Constructivists also think that there is a significant difference between qualitative and quantitative studies. Like qualitative researchers, constructivists affirm that reality is precise since it is from one’s perspectives of participants included in the investigation (Mwaka et al., 2021). Examination techniques for constructivists comprise expressive, grounded, and phenomenological studies. Moreover, the time spent in comprehending the occurrence under investigation is a common and unique feature among these methods. Before each research, constructivists engage instructional policies that guide their teaching and learning process. A constructivist instructor plays various roles such as coaching and being a consultant so that the most crucial objective of helping a learner as an influential thinker is achieved. Positivists on their part argue that the sole purpose of research is the explanation, details, or the outcomes. According to them, social reality suggests that practical realities occur relative to personal ideas or views, and they are directed by rules of basis and effects. Positivists’ position upholds that scientific understanding comprises of facts while its ontology reflects reality as free of social construction (Bertea, 2020). They also claim that observation and reason are the best ways of comprehending human behavior. Additionally, true information is built on familiarity of senses and can be acquired by scrutiny and testing. As a result, I have to say that my worldview is more similar to the constructivist paradigm, because constructivism, as a framework, holds that learning is a lifelong developmental procedure, and the learner is a creator of information. Therefore, as a professional, creating or generating qualitative understandings of objective reality is of great importance to one’s occupation. Moreover, any career critical theory is all about importance, or to be more specific, power and policy-making (Bertea, 2020). Hence, to complete the task of improving professional nursing exercise, a fundamental, integrated comprehension of the paradigms being used for clinical inquiry is required.
Fabric recycling: environmental collapse With the development of the textile industry and trends in fast fashion, cotton clothing is no longer a durable item in the consumer’s closet. Although cotton itself is considered a recyclable resource, its footprint may exceed the effect of polyester due to inadequate management of ecological monitoring. (Frightening) Statistics   * 25% — this is how much cotton is recycled by Europeans.   * 150 liters — this is how much water is needed for dyeing 1 kg of fabric.   * 700 000 tons — this is how many dyes are synthesized all over the world.   * 200 000 tons — such a part of dyes is lost to effluents.   * 75% — this is how much pre-consumer cotton is sent for processing. Modern Trends: recycling Mechanical Coarse grinding of raw materials, the opening of cotton fibers, spinning. It allows for preserving the color of the product by pre-sorting. Chemical More diverse methods based on the technology of full recreation and re-spinning from raw materials. The object of this project. Unsafe Chemical spinning: thesis The type of raw material determines the quality of the finished product, viscosity, degree of abrasion, and performance characteristics are measured, additional treatment by acid/fermentation hydrolysis to reduce degree of polymerization (DP), cation and metal removal, bleaching, coloration repainting. Coloring Requirements   * DYED fabrics can be recycled, but there are too many dyes.   * SYSTEMATIC research is needed.   * THE dyes need to be thermally and chemically resistant.   * DYES should not change the rheological properties of the material.   * STRICT interaction with the substrate. Research: objective and description Objective : to check if the proposed chemical treatment process can create a dyed cotton fabric suitable for wear. Description : pre-consumer cotton was irradiated with an electron beam, and then sulfuric acid and endoglucanase were used to give the target degree of polymerization. The spectrum of molar mass distribution was an indicator of pre-treatment. Fibers were spun; mechanical, physical, and chemical were measured. A prototype of clothes from the obtained raw material was developed. Materials Pre-consumer cotton  printing base, 148 g m−2                                                                                                                                                                                 The samples were milled at the Wiley Mill.                                                                                                                 Postconsumer cotton  hospital bed, 100% cotton
Why does Descartes think there is reason to doubt all beliefs based on our sense capacity? (First Meditation). René Descartes began his philosophical work with the first meditation. In this meditation, René questions or doubts the true existence of everything he had known. He claims that he had held from his youth “… many false opinions for true and that consequently what I afterward based on such principles were highly doubtful…” (Descartes 21). He further explains that all he had known, accepted, and held as the highest truth, were received through his senses. Since he considered senses deceptive, “…I observed, however, that these sometimes misled us” (21). Descartes argue that it is not prudent to put absolute trust in our senses. He bases this argument on the premise that once deceived, a person should be more careful for it is likely for them to be deceived again. According to Descartes, the deception of the senses is so strong that it presents its self as the absolute truth to even thinking beings. He further states that though he was sited next to the fire wide-awake, and certainly looking upon the paper he was holding in his hands, it could still be possible that it was all but a dream! To this, he states that there are, “…no definitive signs by which to distinguish being awake from being as
For Ukraine, nuclear power plants are the main source of electrical energy. About 15 reactors are settled in Ukraine. They generate about half of Ukrainian energy, so it depends on nuclear energy very much. In 2009, about 40% of electrical energy came from thermal stations and more than 47% from nuclear stations (82.9 TWh). According to IAEA, the same year, nuclear power stations have produced 77.9 billion kWh net. One of the biggest nuclear power plants was settled in Chernobyl. One night, due to a human mistake catastrophe at Chernobyl took place. On April 26, 1986, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant had a terrible accident and released huge amount of radioactive material into the atmosphere over the large area, including Ukraine, Russia and Belarus. This accident had an unprecedentedly heavy impact on the environment and caused as many as about 4000 death by invoking radiation poisoning and different kinds of cancer. More than 600000 recovery workers and emergency were trying to liquidate casualties. They have received the highest radiation doses. Many of the areas were designated as contaminated and were isolated. Local residents of the most contaminated areas were evacuated to nearest safe regions. Most of them have received small doses of radiation. The accident happened on a Friday night, 25 April 1986. The routine procedures were to be carried out, the nuclear st
Money laundering is a crime that can be explained by the theory of the crime of the powerful, and this is the focus of this research essay. By using specific examples of the most powerful individuals in influential positions and some major global corporations, this research essay shows that money laundering is indeed a crime of the powerful and almost untouchable. According to the Internal Revenue Service (2015), money laundering refers to “the activities and financial transactions that are undertaken specifically to hide the true source of the money” (p. 1). Certainly and more often money involved in laundering is obtained from illegal activities and the main objective of laundering is to ‘clean’ the dirty money and give it a legitimate appearance in terms of source. It is a crime, which involves taking the proceeds and using other legal channels to move the money. Specifically, “a criminal or someone acting on a criminal’s behalf generates proceeds, in the form of money or property, as a result of committing a designated crime known as a Specified Unlawful Activity (SUA)” (Leff 2013, p. 4). The term money laundering can be attributed to the act of American mobster Al-Capone (1899-1947) more than 85 years ago (Shah 2015). It is believed that Al-Capone cleaned his dirty money using the laundry trade. This marked the major starting point for money laundering, and it is believed that more than $1 billion had been laundered using different forms of legal entities. These businesses were critical in disguising and hiding all the illegal proceeds from controversial sources such as “gambling, prostitution, bootlegging business and rackets involving law enforcement and political protection” (Shah 2015, p. 1). Several internationally renowned leaders, including “Nigeria’s dictator Sani Abacha, former Filipino President Ferdinand Marcos, Panama’s Manuel Noriega, Taiwan’s Chen Shui-bian, former Ukrainian Premier Pavlo Lazarenko, former Guatemala President Alfonso Portillo and Indonesia’s ex-President Suharto” (Shah 2015, p. 1) among others have been convicted in money laundering cases within the last past decades. These were no ordinary citizens. The above-mentioned powerful individuals (mainly government officials) were convicted of criminal offenses involving hiding and disguising huge sums of money, which they had obtained through dubious means. When the mighty get involved in money laundering activities, it shows that crime, to some extent, is not only committed by petty thieves but also individuals of influence and international reputations. Their status in society gives such crimes a new dimension and thus the theory of crime of the powerful. The fact that watchdog agencies have been able to investigate and apprehend the most powerful individu
Introduction Contrasting from history when intercontinental business was reticent for large organizations, the current market is characterized by dealings from both intermediate and large-sized companies (Gerrefi & Memedovic, 2003). New trade accords have opened operation channels, thus boosting the levels of overseas dealing interactions. These interactions have necessitated new hypothesis, regulations, and practices in the overall production issues which must be plainly understood by managers despite their comprehensive involvement. There are different levels of worldwide involvement that companies can engage in, for example, cosmopolitan enterprises, global firms, and import-export businesses. Our business if focused on the importation-exportation sector, where we are required to introduce finished apparels into Australia and the EU. In this segment of globalization, products are moved across nationalized boundaries without having the presence of various managers in our coordinating countries. Our dealing involves trade in apparels, and as the operations and sourcing manager, I am obligated to determine the best source for provisions. It is indispensable to understand the civilization of our trading partners and advance communication channels to amplify competence in transactions (Isik and Broadman, 2007). I have identified two countries, China and India, in my exploration. I was required to corroborate the comparative advantages of the Indian and Chinese clothes industries. It is compulsory to know the potencies an
Poetry is the type of art which people admire. Reading poetry, people relax, they begin to think about something high and what is never of their interest. There are a lot of topics which are present in the poems of different writers. That can be love and hatred, peace and war, nature, politics and just people, who are described from different point of view. Poets usually show their attitude to this or that event in their writings. Poems about love are the most influential, reading them you feel as if also in love and your heart may be filled with warm feelings. “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is the poem by Christopher Marlowe which deals with the love of a shepherd to a girl, who is the best for him and he promises to dance for her to his friends. Reading the poem it seems that the shepherd tries to show us that people should admire the moment they live in without thinking about future. The main idea is that the future will be later and if a person feels happy now, he/she should live only in this moment without thinking about consequences and leave the problems for tomorrow. The poem makes me think that love is the main thing in life. The boy, who loves his girl, never asks for long relations, there is no even talk about the future and this confirms that the poem has neither historical nor time borders. At the same time it may push to the opinion that the shepherd do not want to think about the future, he thinks only about present time, present entertainments. He asks his love to come with him, to love him at that very moment. At the same time, there is no any confirmationthat the shepherd loves her. It is the impression that it is only sexual attraction and nothing more. He just wants to possess her, to stay with her alone and take sexual enjoyment from her. This is the reason why there is no long-term promise, as the shepherd is not in love, he just want to entertain the girl he likes. The promises which he gives to the girl, if she accepts his love, are impossible to do but these promises are great and it is impossible to resist and to refuse from such beautiful offer. The very title of the poem “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” shows that there is no any love, just passion. In general, it is passion that pushes people to crazy actions to win the love of the girl. The rural surroundings make the whole situation. It is not idle that the author had chosen the village but not the city. Rural boys and girls are more trustful and simpler, they do not need expensive presents and crazy actions, they just want to listen to the beautiful words, to be admired and worshiped. The main peculiarity of the poem is that there is no girl there. The whole poem is like a monologue of the boy to his love. He reader never knows what the girl’s answer was. The reader also knows neither her attitude to him nor the development of their relations. The information about the girl comes from the shepherd. The poem is like the piece fro
Introduction This report provides information about the financial and operational performance of ACE Airlines Inc. In particular, much attention will be paid to such indicators as net income, operational expenses, and growth trends which are needed to assess the profitability of this organization. Furthermore, this document will outline the key challenges that the company currently faces. Moreover, solutions to these problems will also be described. Finally, by reading this report, the stockholders will learn about the future policies of this company such as dividend and expansion plans. Finally, it is vital to explain the rationale for the decisions taken by the management because this information is critical for current shareholders and potential investors. Overall, at the present stage, the company struggles to strengthen its competitive position in the market; moreover, the management should improve several internal operations. Nevertheless, ACE Airlines Inc. has been able to show marked improvements during the last year. These are the main questions that should be discussed more closely because they are important for evaluating operational and financial performance of this organization. Brief synopsis of sales and earnings The company has displayed varying results in terms of net revenues. For example, during the first three rounds, the revenues equaled $22,234, $32,337 and -$58,762. The loss which was recorded during the last round was caused by the need to spend more capital on various business functions of the company. In this case, it is critical to consider the expenditures on marketing and training. Furthermore, the earnings of a company could be attributed to the sails of the company’s stocks. In total, these revenues equaled $ 419. 000. The sale of stocks is critical for reducing the need to make loans which can be regarded as liabilities. More specific details about the financial performance of this company will be provided in the following sections of this report. Star-up problems and the way in which they are addressed The company encounters several difficulties at its start-up stage. At first, one should speak about strong competition staged by other airline companies. In this case, much attention should be paid to such businesses as APEX, Quantum Airways, and Cloudair because their market share is rather large. The company intends to address these challenges in several ways. In particular, the managemen
Introduction Modern social and legal research is often faced with an inherent structural unfairness of measurement instruments and perceived norms. Control groups and widely utilized scales systematically overestimate privileged groups of respondents while taking advantage of the underprivileged groups of respondents. This tendency is caused by the scientific analysis systems themselves being designed, most often, by the members of the privileged groups, who perceive themselves as normal variables. When the norm is rigid and uniform in its behavioral patterns and their variations alike, the members of other social, ethnic and cultural groups are perceived as outliers, decreasing the representative value of a study. Background of the Case and Legal Implications For a first section of the report, which addresses the background of the case and its legal implications, the American Equal Opportunity Employment Act, known also as the VII amendment to the U.S. constitution was chosen. First passed in 1972 and edited in 1991, the act outlaws the employment opportunity discrimination against African Americans and other minorities. The implications include that practices such as systematic differences in payment for identical tasks and systematic differences in career progression speed between majorities and minorities were made illegal. Furthermore, the Act requires of employers to make reasonable accommodation to the religious needs of their employees, such as to provide days off on religious holidays for members of other faith then Christian. Discrimination is thereby made illegal against any individual, with common discriminatory factors including race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, disability, genetic information or age. It was established to address the systematic power abuse and unequal opportunity provision in the national employment practice to any individual that did not, one way or otherwise, fit the established ideal in their characteristics. Researchers have commented in the act’s role to dismantle in particular the family responsibilities expectations and the implicit bias showcased by employers worldwide towards female employees. The concept is generally referred to as maternal discrimination, and relates to the tendency of employer to reluctantly