ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abortion has been a controversial issue for a long time, and it has been tried to limit the numbers of abortions that women undergo due to any reasons. However, the attempts aimed at erecting barriers to gaining the abortion service, despite their popularity among various legislators, are rather notorious in their outcomes. The current paper discusses the issue of anti-abortion legislation in the state of Texas. The crux of this legislation is examined, its results are considered, and possible alternatives to such legal provisions are touched upon. An Overview of Legal Provisions Pertaining to Abortions in the State of Texas, and of the Effect of These Provisions on the Availability of Abortion Services Currently, there are a number of laws in the state of Texas which restrict the provision of abortion services for the population. It is stated that much of the legislation related to abortions was adopted in 2013, as well as during several years prior to that year (Grossman et al., 2014). While initially the laws focused primarily on discouraging the “consumers” of these services by e.g. obliging physicians to supply their patients with a considerable amount of information related to abortions, in particular, telling them of the hazards and the possible negative outcomes which are associated with having an abortion, the legislation that was adopted later (mainly in 2013) was, to a large extent, aimed at limiting the provision of abortion services by imposing additional demands and restrictions on hospitals which offered abortion procedures to their clients, as well as requiring that patients follow more complicated procedures and utilize more expensive options of getting an abortion (Grossman et al., 2014). As a result of more strict regulations pertaining to abortion provision, a number of clinics offering that service either were closed or stopped supplying it for the patients (Grossman et al., 2014). It is stressed that it had a particularly strong impact the hospitals outside large metropolitan areas, and 11 out of 13 clinics under the researchers’ observation were closed (Grossman et al., 2014). On the whole, the number of clinics which offered abortion service to their customers dropped by 46% within the span of only one year (Grossman et al., 2014). The Effects of the Abortion Legislation on the Consumers of Abortion Services It is not surprising that as a result of this, it became considerably more difficult for the dwellers of the state of Texas to gain abortion services (Grossman et al., 2014). In the wake of the new legislation, the number of abortions which were performed during 6 months after the new legal provisions came into effect reduced by 13% in comparison to the same period during the year preceding the moment when the discussed legislation was adopted (Fuentes et al., 2016). I
Initial Project Proposal The idea of the project is to open a web studio that will provide customers with the highest possible range of high-quality web development services, following global standards and the principles of corporate ethics. Entrepreneurship ‘Daisy’ will provide services in Internet marketing, with web development and promotion of customer websites through the Internet. The main emphasis will be placed on developing corporate websites, promoting, and automating customer business processes. The studio will practice an individual approach to each client, and create unique, exclusive developments, which will be its hallmark. The volume of demand is approximately equal to the proposals. The project is designed for nine-month; at the end of this period, the company’s activities can be extended, provided that the goals and objectives are achieved. The goal of the ‘Daisy’ is to achieve the highest quality in the area of Internet technologies, to provide customers with a hig
To develop a comprehensive and detailed sociological portrait, it is necessary to determine the elements and concepts according to which this portrait can be organized. I am inclined to focus on the aspects which I discuss as important to influence my image and life as a social actor and a member of the certain community. From this point, I can state that my sociological portrait is based on such aspects as gender, social statuses, roles, family status and roles, culture and religion, education, and job experience; furthermore, the idea of socialization is also important to be discussed with references to my experience. The main feature which determines my sociological portrait is gender, and this aspect is complex because it is associated with my psychological portrait and biological nature. Sociologists are inclined to state that the gender influences the person’s social roles, family roles, job history, and social status (Grusec, 2011, p. 243). Being a female who served for the Navy and developed the car restoration business, I can state that the aspect of gender did not limit my social life, but I experienced some tension associated with the public’s vision of a woman who can perform unexpected social roles. Thus, I observed many stereotypes associated with the gender issue. That is why, I can conclude that the issue of gender is based on many biases related to the US society; performing the roles unusual for women, I contributed to breaking some social stereotypes. In this case, my socialization process is determined with my approach to role-taking because I often accept the socially unexpected roles. Social statuses play an important role for persons to develop their self-vision and self-esteem (Gershuny & Bittman, 2005, p. 657). My current social status can be described with references to my family’s annual income, my education, occupation, and family status. Thus, I can describe myself as belonging to the middle class because of having the capital a result of my business operations, pursuing the degree in psychology, and working in the rehabilitation center. At this stage, it is necessary to refer to my social roles associated with the social status. During my life, I performed the roles of a woman, daughter, member of the Navy staff, and businesswoman. My current roles are of a wife, mother, student, and counselor. Researchers also develop the concept of the ‘master status’ (Andersen & Taylor, 2007, p. 114). I can discuss my role of a mother as the ‘master status’ because I have four children who need my care and attention that is why the perfect performance related to this role is my priority. Therefore, the aspect of the family is one of determinants in my sociological portrait. In my family, the principles of the gender equity and cooperation work as significant ones. That is why, I can perform as a mother, wife, and daughter without ignoring any aspects associated with this or that role. I was brought up by my mother, but we lived as the blended family, including several generations. Thus, I had the opportunity to develop the idea of social interactions within the family. From this point, I focused o
Introduction Research done in past indicates that study of mind by ancient psychologists was related to study of consciousness. In the late nineteenth century, William Wundt carried out a study where the subjects were mandated to report conditions of consciousness under different situations like sleeping, standing, and walking (Morin, 2007). Similarly, Sigmund Freud (Drori, 2003), advanced the theory that wants, wishes and influence form part of the conscious mind. He stated further that the degree varies among individuals. In the recent past, the concept of consciousness has become elusive leading to advancement of various positions by scientists. This has attracted more attention to it hence an unprecedented increase in studies related to it. The issue of consciousness is ranked among the top areas of study in subjects relating to psychology, philosophy and to some extent neuroscience due to its multidisciplinary applicability. In equal measure, it elicits controversy among scholars across the science divisions. Hosts of dynamics have been advanced to explain this buzz with consciousness. The use of methods of human neuropsychology, functional imaging, and to some extent psychology shows characteristics of knowledge of consciousness. This has been given props up by identification of unconscious conditions which have a direct influence on one’s activities. This has acted to provide a leeway to differentiate neural substrates of the unconscious and conscious actions in the mind of a person. It is thus necessary to look at the advancements and forward steps made in the study of consciousness in an attempt to explain its ambiguity. Meaning of consciousness Consciousness is commonly known as awareness of the immediate environment. It is being aware of different sensations, memories and thoughts at a particular time such as making a school timetable, feeling pain or getting angry because of a bad day at the office. It may be argued that consciousness is also a state of mind but this does not include the unconscious mind. In fact consciousness entails the brain being aware of the presence of awareness Forms of consciousness Consciousness as the waking state In entirely all neurological studies, awareness referred to as consciousness is deemed to be same as the waking state. This is considered together with capacity to recognize, associate and interact with the surrounding in the state of being awake. This state of consciousness varies from waking up from sleep to going into a coma. To achieve this form of consciousness, one has to be awake, attentive and observant. It refers to the time when a person is awake. Consciousness as an experience This is the first logic of how we express or show our state of being awake. There is a wider agreement that it has features such as being personal, interacting for few seconds though variation occurs over a period of time. According to Nagel (Emmett, 1978), consciousness in this sense is based on occurrence that is witnessed from time to time. The sense of uniqueness to be an individual is more inborn than the consciousness of the waking state. Most theories prefer using the term ‘qualia’ to explai
Publicity is an essential part in building a brand image for an athlete. When marketing and promoting a product or an athlete, the amount and type of publicity they receive determines how much market share will be acquired. In their study, Yu, Liu, Lee and Soutar (2018) note that negative publicity does have an impact on public perception of a brand. It is safe to say that publicity can make or break an athlete’s career and brand. In this day and age we live in, it is essential for athletes to be involved in or have a social media manager in their management team. Having a social media manager and a fitness trainer should go hand in hand for an athlete, both for maintaining their brand health and physical health. Ho Lee and Jung (2018) note that it is essential for a business or an athlete to be involved and manage their publicity in order to safeguard and nourish fans, thus reiterating the importance of an involvement in maintaining a good brand image amongst fans. This supports the fact that negative publicity or positive publicity does have an effect on a brand and the need to manage it. Applying the Ansoff Matrix to aid in determining a growth strategy for an athlete, I would recommend a penetration strategy that aims at increasing the athletes’ market share within the same market. Other than being a low-risk option to apply, it is also a cheaper and less risky option than developing a new product or launching in a new market. In conclusion, maintaining positive publicity is as essential as being fit and healthy in the career and success of any athlete.
Kurt Cobain is an iconic figure for millions. Many people find something very special in his music. For some he is an inspiring hero who did not belong to this world. It goes without saying that all those admires of his music wish to know more about the tragedy of his life. Charles R. Cross wrote a book Heavier Than Heaven that is largely appreciated by fans of Curt Cobain’s talent. The writer has created a story that reveals many of the rock star’s secrets. The book is a very detailed biography which is based on profound research. However, Cross’ writing style is what makes his biography that complete and special. He is telling a story in a very comprehensible way. He does not simply provide a set of fact. Cross provides the entire picture. In fact, the reader can literally ‘see’ the story of Cobain’s life. Therefore, it is possible to state that Cross’ book Heavier Than Heaven is the best Cobain’s biography which is appreciated by many people due to its thoroughness and comprehensiveness. In the first place, it is necessary to mention some facts about the book itself. The book was published in 2001, the year of 10 th anniversary of Nirvana’s album Nevermind . The writer pointed out in the beginning of his book that his goal was “to honor the story of his [Cobain’s] life … without judgment” (Cross x). Cross also noted that he understood it was a hard task to reveal a story of a man who was drug addict. So, he knew how serious his task was. He coped with this task and created a story for those “with courage to tell the truth, to ask painful questions, and to break free of the shadows of the past” (Cross xi). Having such an honorable goal Cross had to learn the whole truth about Kurt Cobain. Notably, the writer did everything to find out as much as possible about the rock star. The book is based on four years of detailed research. Cross studied four hundred interviews, “numerous file cabinets of documents, hundreds of musical recordings” and Cobain’s diary (x). The biography starts with the future rock star’s birth. It is important to note that Curt’s life was accompanied by seve
Both the Civil Rights Movement and ‘Black Power,’ a slogan identified with and characterized by the Black Panther Party (BPP) were both motivated by a quest for equality. However, the Civil Rights Movement headed by Martin Luther King Jr. was non-violent by design as opposed to the BPP which used intimidation and violence to get its point across. Begun in the1960’s the BPP remained active through the early 1970’s. The Party’s genuine and creditable political ambitions are eclipsed in the historical perspective because of its anti-social means of furthering its agenda. Their well-founded suspicion of and lack of regard for those charged with enforcing the law along with their belief that these various law enforcement agencies were the incarnation of white oppression caused the BPP to believe that civil justice for the black community could be accomplished only through militant actions. Martin Luther King’s inspiring leadership elevated him to becoming the most recognized and beloved leader of the civil rights movement in America. His continued message of non-violent protest was of major significance in the social equality gains for blacks during these years. The U.S. Constitution provided the lawful assurance that non-violent strategies were defensible in court. This allowed for the protests which inevitably led to the awakening to the black plight of many unwary whites who then joined the cause leading to the eradication of racist Jim Crow type laws forever. People, both black and white, were now willing to violate absurd, archaic local segregationist laws because they believed they were abiding and defending a ‘higher law,’ the Constitution. When Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing the driver’s request to give up her seat to the white man, a group of area ministers formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) which coordinated what would become a 382-day boycott of the bus company by the entire black community. The ministers took this non-violent action to avoid the possible rioting that was widely rumored to soon ensue and to organize their collective congregations into one, larger and stronger common voice. In addition, had they not elected to organize, they likely would have lost many members due to the growing sentiment that all talk and no action would gain nothing. Preachers had spoken tough words from the pulpit and now they were being expected to back it up with tough actions. (Garrow, 1987, pp. 45-6). The original objective if the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), later headed by King, was to build upon the success of the Montgomery bus demonstration by launching similar boycotts in other cities, but this effort had few successes. At this time in Montgomery, the MIA was fundamentally unproductive in rebelling against other manners of discrimination. The movement seemed stalled until 1960 when a ‘sit-in’ movement initiated a novel and more aggressive yet still non-violent chapter of the civil rights battle. “The now fa
In his film Do the Right Thing , Spike Lee focuses on stereotypes that exist within a neighborhood, which allows him to show how the representatives of the general public face societal issues, emphasizing that their political sensibilities can hardly be altered by the influence of one person but inevitably yield to the environment and community. The sense of united diversity is vital for the film, as it allows Spike Lee to show that people who are made to interact will not be able to coexist normally and create a positive environment unless they find the thing they have in common. Buggin’ Out attends Sal’s pizzeria but is willing to talk only about black civil rights. The characters of Do the Right Thing pay enormous attention to their heritage and the color of their skin, which creates racial problems and prevents them from successful adaptation to their reality. African-Americans and Italian-Americans live in the same community, but they do not perceive themselves as Americans and emphasize their differences. Buggin’ Out and Pino meet in the pizzeria because of its location, but they are not ready to accept each other. Buggin’ Out triggers all those events that happen in the film but it does not mean that he is the only one to be blamed because one person is enough to plant doubt in people’s minds, but a group is needed to start a riot and carry it through. Initially, his words were ignored, and no one supported the protest. The film is based on the contrast between love and hate, which shapes the way the characters treat each other, as they tend to divide their community into friends and enemies. Mookie seemed to be Sal’s friend but then he turns into a foe who is blamed for the protest. Spike Lee refers to the concept of violence to make at the end of the film to make the readers recollect the events and consider whether they can be accepted in some situations or not. Malcolm X states that it is the right thing to do in a case of self-defense even though a person was killed (Lee). The majority of people who attend an Italian-American pizzeria are African Americans. One of them asks to change photos of Italian celebrities to those of black ones. Still, who is right in this situation? One of the characters plays music on the street. The majority of people accept it because they treat him as his neighbor and friend. So when Sal disagrees with this idea, he becomes their enemy. The same happens in the pizzeria. Nothing happens when one person protests against the photos, but a riot that ends with death starts when a group of people unites. Spike Lee created Do the Right Thing to reveal the effects of racial discrimination and ster
In the article, “Cloud, or silver linings?” in The Economist magazine, the author clearly mentions the rapidly decreasing population of Japan, which is a prime cause of concern to the social structure of society. In this era of rising inflation and debilitating economies, most nations worry about how to sustain the citizens of their country. Contrarily, Japan is wondering how to cope with a shrinking populace, a fact with which I was indeed amazed. However, I find that the reasons supporting the concern seem substantial, as Japan or any other country for that matter, would need younger people to replace older and retiring ones, for the social structure of the country to function effectively and efficiently. In the modern times, when most research and study is based on the problems due to the increasing populations, it is interesting to see the problems which could arise due to reducing populations. Indeed, the article is an eye opener and stresses on the fact that the population of Japan has to be well balanced in order for the social structure of the country to function efficiently. The fact that the reducing population of Japan would be unable to sustain the retiring population of Japan is an interesting and amazing fact. Although I do agree with the author that the population of a country must be well balanced and must not reduce, I do not agree that retirements will need equal number of people to replace the outgoing ones. In this age and era of technology, the world is a smaller place due to the onset and advancement of the internet and other communication devices. As such I feel that fewer people would be required to fill job positions as work has become faster and lesser than it used to be traditionally. Nevertheless, there are certain sections of society for which population is necessary and no amount of technology can replace it. The military and the army is one such section. For Japan to have a huge army matching that of China, America or India, it is necessary that the population is well balanced. Besides, the world is highly concerned about the extinction of animal species like the tiger and other animals. If populations begin to reduce so swiftly, soon there will be a time when societies and cultures will also begin to disappear from the face of this earth. Each and every culture and nation is distinct and must be
Introduction Long-distance relationships are common phenomena in the contemporary world. Factors such as job assignments and education force couples to live miles away (Kelmer, Rhoades, Stanley, & Markman, 2013). The general perception is that long-distance relationships do not work. Most people argue that it is difficult for couples to wait for each other for an unspecified duration. Individuals opposed to long-distance relationships are unwilling to live a life characterized by Skype calls and expensive travels (Kelmer et al., 2013). Despite the negative views that many people have regarding long-distance relationships, research shows that there are couples who are in such arrangements and happy with the way they relate to each other. Being in a long-distance relationship does not necessarily result in negative interaction. Individuals who have defied the general perception about long-distance relationships have proved that the arrangement strengthens companionship. This literature review will discuss how long-distance and extended amounts of time reinforce relationships. Improved Intimacy The popular knowledge has it that distance impacts romantic relationships, and that being away from one’s spouse or partner affects their happiness. Individuals in support of this argument hold the adage that “out of sight, out of mind” (Mark & Jozkowski, 2013). They do not understand how couples can allege to be happy yet live miles away from one another. Recent research shows that absence has significant impacts on relationships because it results in couples missi