ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The ozone layer is made up of gases that lie between 15 to 30 kilometers above the earth. The main function of this layer of gases is to protect all the living and non-living things from harmful radiation from the sun. It is made up of three molecules of oxygen that are always quickly forming and breaking down due to their high reactivity (Lerner and Lerner 345). Exposing this layer to chlorofluorocarbons makes it to quickly deteriorate. The reason for this is the reaction between the specific components of the chlorofluorocarbons, mainly chlorine and bromine, and oxygen. Pollution is the main reason for the increasing amount of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere. Mainly, they come from aerosols that many industrialized countries are fond of using and from industrial effluents released into the air by manufacturing companies (Duden 253). The moment chlorofluorocarbons reach the upper region of the atmosphere, they meet very strong ultraviolet rays from the sun. These rays make them disintegrate into their components. Chlorine is one of the main components. It reacts with the molecules of oxygen that form the ozone layer. This leaves the ozone layer depleted. Many parts of the world have had their ozone layer depleted to different percentages depending on the temperatures in those regions and the amount of pollution they experience. For example, the amount of depletion in the Antarctic region is greater than that in many other regions. This is brought about by the low temperatures in this region, which hasten the conversion of chlorofluorocarbons to chlorine. According to the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency, one chlorine molecule can demolish approximately a hundred thousand molecules of the ozone gas (Gillespie 35). Analysis There is a very large amount of chlorine in the atmosphere. The bulk of this substance was deposited by industrialized countries, which are mostly found in the Northern Hemisphere of our planet. They include America and parts of Europe (Lerner and Pierre 112). Despite these countries having later abolished the use of chlorofluorocarbons around 1996, the rate of reduction in the composition of CFCs in the atmosphere is still not enough to guarantee safety from the effects of ozone depletion. Research shows that it will take more than 50 years to get rid of all the CFCs in the atmosphere (Galashev 212). However, I feel that governments in many countries around t
Marketing form an essential part of all business ventures. The Kentucky Fried Chicken is one such commercial undertaking that fulfils society needs through merchandizing fast foods and side dishes. Their delicacies attract the milieu and numerous persons outside Australia. n an industrial setting, a quality SWOT analysis is advisable (Segal-Horn, & Faulkner, pg. 28). The strengths and weaknesses are internal to the organization while the opportunities and strengths are outside forces from the company’s control. In discussing these elements, the paper will focus on the micro-environmental and macro-environmental marketing factors that impact on an organization. KFC has been on the public limelight for both affirmative and negative concerns. All these are central to their ability to capitalize on a strong corporate image as stipulated by a careful assessment on marketing techniques. Micro-environmental factors symbolize issues pertinent to the company. They directly impact on KFC from a personal perspective. It could be stakeholder response, customer satisfaction, employee grievances, or competition. These are issues that can easily be handled by the company without help from consultants. Macro- environmental factors on the other hand, create as an enormous challenge to the company because they are bigger issues beyond interior control. They include demographics, technology, social factors, and legislative issues among others. Consequently, they probably affect the company over the long term. Collective effort in handling the two forces ensures a company’s ability to maintain an enviable customer base. Managers pre-eminently address such concerns through a series of situation analyses that correlates the two scenarios whilst at the same time seeks to find long lasting remedies. An environmental scan aids in attending to issues effectively in order to avoid crises in the future (Groucutt, et al. pg.43). KFC influence on microenvironment factors within Australia All competitive markets are volatile and prone to change. KFC thus requires strategy transformation and plan update depending on the revolution exhibited in the market. Issues occurring within this business entity require internal attention as such; KFC can influence its internal activities through multiple means including the incorporation of the techniques discussed. Customers They represent KFC’s image and they can be controlled by it. Customer attraction, access and retention become the full responsibility of the service provider. For KFC in Australia, home deliveries will maximize the customer base. Alternatively, self-service measures will work well for them. This is so because customers like choosing what they want to eat in their preferred portions. Secondly, it creates enou
The present set of works offered for revision shows how each student reflects on the segregation experience he or she used to have in the past. The works are written by students who are not native-born Americans but who either came to the USA to study or were born in the families of ethnical minorities living on its territory for a certain period of time. However, the research connected with these works reveals many exciting findings that are connected with the perception of students as for the origin of stereotypes, the effect of mass media on their formation and the effect they produce on them personally as well as on others surrounding them. Surely, the central topic of the majority of works is the way ‘aliens’ are treated by the US citizens. Black people speculate over how they are discriminated and segregated by white Caucasians, and Asians integrate both black and white people living in the USA in the single hostile environment they meet in the USA. What is even more interesting, Asians are more susceptible of stereotypes about their welfare because they come to study to the USA and get the full protection and provision of their parents, having good cars and spending much money. The common tendency seen in all works is the investigation of how far the stereotyping can reach and in what spheres of life the respondents notice it. A stereotype about wealth and welfare can be seen in the relations of Native Indonesians and Chinese-Indonesians, the latter being considered uninvited guests in Indonesia stealing the profit, the wealth and the resources of the country. It is sad to see that some essays are dedicated to the description of violent attacks Indonesians committed, killing Chinese-Indonesian infants for them not to continue the families of Indonesian residents with the Chinese origin. As one can see from this case, Asians are led to violence and massacre due to their prejudice and stereotypes. Another way to express prejudice that is often seen in the practice of foreigners living in the US is social “anti-locution” – verbal abuse, or alienation and refusal from communication. Too many foreigners living and studying in the USA reported feeling lonely because others tried to keep them at distance without making friends, which was highly painful and uncomfortable
There is limited literature focusing on the cognitive impacts of unusual antipsychotics in young people (children and teenagers). A substantial portion of the information comes from investigations on patients with schizophrenia as well as Alzheimer’s disease. Considering that these drugs result in sedation, clinicians and researchers have questioned whether cognitive sedation associated with the medication may negatively impact individuals’ mental abilities (Aman et al., 2008). Statistical analyses are essential in handling data to generate information that supports evidence-based practice. This article critique identifies the questions, hypotheses, and limitations of the assigned article. In addition, it critiques the statistical analysis as well as interprets the findings of the study. The researchers aim to answer the question of whether treatment with risperidone impacts children suffering from autism by making them exhibit unusual behaviors (Aman et al., 2008). By providing an answer or answers to this inquiry, clinicians and researchers would be guided in their scope of practice. The investigators hypothesize that there would be no significant variations between cognition abilities in patients treated with placebo and those put on the antipsychotic medication, risperidone. On the other hand, the positive supposition is that individuals taking the drug and placebo would be typified by different impacts on their mental outcomes (Aman et al., 2008). The concepts being investigated are cognitive performance, drug effects, and behavior problems. The researchers have done an exemplary job in choosing appropriate statistical analyses. Chi-square and t-tests are first utilized to assess whether young persons with mastery have variations on variables such as gender, IQ, ages, and CGI-Severity outcomes. The General Linear Models component in SPSS is applied to manipulate results by using ANOVA tests (Statgraphics Centurion, 2006). Moreover, p-values and partial eta squared are provided. These assessments are adequate for the study and would not be improved. The variables used in the article are sufficient for the investigation, and they would not be changed. The study authors assume that risperidone and placebo treatments would have significant variations in the mental abilities of children presenting with autism. The investigation has many limitations. First, it uses a 0.05 level of alpha that could not support multiple comparisons. Second, the sample size is too small, implying that it may not be an accurate representation of the population. Third, only a relatively small portion of the sample participates in the assessment (Aman et al., 2008). It would have been essential to increasing the sample size to improve its chances of representing the targeted population. Statistical testing is applied to the sample by examining the variables in the
Gender equality has been an increasingly prominent concern in the United States in recent years. Some people have called it one of the least equal countries in the world, though the claim is likely exaggerated. Regardless, with the emergence of the #MeToo movement, the nation’s long history of discrimination and sexual abuse targeted at women has come into the light. According to Gramlich (2017), 22% of employed women have been sexually harassed at work, and 42% have experienced gender discrimination, though a majority of the population believes that men and women experience equal difficulty. One often identified reason is that men have traditionally occupied positions of power in the United States, not letting women have their concerns be heard and addressed. As such, until women can gain and reach high and real political and governmental positions, we will not have gender equality. The introduction will provide some background on the issue, discussing recent events that have led to the emergence of the concern and broadly outlining the arguments of both sides. It will also highlight Finland as an often-cited counterpoint to the U.S. in terms of the presence of women in government. The general public is the intended audience for this paper. Arguments about gender equality are often based on isolated incidents and not supported by data. This paper will attempt to partially remedy the issue by providing a more detailed analysis and comparison. Review of Literature Legal Situation: discuss the laws regarding general gender equality and the representation of women in positions of political power. There should not be many differences between the U.S. and Finland in this regard. Both nations’ laws oppose gender inequality strongly and prohibit discrimination, in letter as well as spirit. Most of the issues, if any are present, would be implicit and not rooted in law. Political Situation: analyze the current political landscape in the United States as well as Finland and the presence of gender equality in it. According to Niethammer (2019), Finland’s newly elected prime minister, as well as the leaders of all five parties, twelve out of nineteen cabinet members, and 47% of the parliament are female. By comparison, Hansen (2019) claims that 102 out of 452 U.S. Congress members and 25 out of 100 Senators are women, though House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is also female. Overall, Finland has a higher female representation in positions of the highest political powers. Real Situation: discuss the practical situation of women in both nations and the prevalent concerns in them. The U.S. has issues with sexual harassment at work, along with overall gender discrimination accusations. However, Finland’s gender equality situation is also imperfect, wit
Whole Foods Market has been successful in the market despite the competitiveness in this industry. This can be attributed to the strategies that this firm has employed in its operations. This firm has been keen on delivering quality products to its patients at competitive prices. Whole Foods Market has positioned itself as a supermarket that provides healthy products that do not have any health consequences to the consumers. According to Kratschmer (2011), the current consumer is very sensitive to issues relating to what they eat, especially due to the constant advice they get from health experts about consequences of some type of food. However, it is important to note that it is not only this firm that has been keen on positioning its products as being health conscious. This means that to this extent, there are a number of firms that benefit from this market proposition. Once a strategy is used by numerous firms in the market, the strategy ceases to offer a competitive advantage. For this matter, Whole Foods Market must find a way of gaining a competitive advantage in the market. It must find a way of delivering value to the customers in a superior manner than other competitors in the market. To achieve this, this firm has been keen on delivering new products to the market, or new strategies in delivering products. The management has been keen to ensure that the firm changes with the changing environmental factors. One of the Porter’s five forces is the intensity of competitive rivalry in the market. In this industry, the competitive rivalry is very stiff. There are numerous other firms in this industry, and the management of Whole Foods Market knows this. The management knows that in order to beat this competition, it must be unique. It must provide the market with products that offer superior value to the customers. This firm has been keen on improving the value of their products in various ways. One such way has been to design package that is positively unique. The firm has also been using other strategies such as customer service that is unique to this firm. The organizational culture of this firm has encouraged courtesy with customers all the time. With their policy of ‘the customer is always right’, this firm has continued to offer their customers a service delivery that is considered superior to that of other firms in the market. According to Kratschmer (2011), congruency within a firm is one factor that would determine how successful a firm can be in the market. There are firms which have failed in the market not because of poor management, but lack of congruency in its factors of production and organizational culture. As Coulter (2009) says, for a firm to be successful, it must be able to do what is considered right, in the right manner, in the right place, with the right people and at the right time. When any of these factors is wrong, then the whole outcome will be wrong. The management of Whole Foods Market has been committed to finding a strategy that would deliver quality output in the manner that is desired. In order to achieve this, the firm understands the importance of having inputs
The United States being the super power is under constant threat of terrorism from various groups. It is with this in mind that a task force was formed to help the department of homeland security in addressing threats that are over five years; to organize the department into workable structures for them to be able to meet the threats and to engage the American public to be prepared for present and future challenges. For the DHS to be able to counter future threats, their strategic and tactics need to be very informed by understanding the nature of the adversaries (Homeland security advisory council, 2007). Recommendation: Establishment of office of Net Assessment (ONA). This office should be able to provide well researched information on future threats and assess preparedness to meet them. Its major role is to produce long term assessments, strategy and acting as a brain trust of creativity and imagination (Homeland security advisory council 2007). The main duties of ONA should be studying already existing threats and then coming up with their evolution in the future. For example, the al-Qaeda group has not only explicitly defined its ideologies and operations agenda as only directed against the American citizens and property but has also demonstrated capability to effectively employ land, air and sea modalities against target venues that range from hotels to the state of the art warships (Chalk, Hoffman, et a
Introduction Child welfare is an important concern in modern society, both among politicians and future parents. Many people believe that children make people’s life more fulfilling, and starting a family is an essential goal for them. Despite these views, there are over 428,000 children in foster care in the United States (Adoption Network, 2019). Many of these children are taken away from their birth parents by Child Protective Services due to poor living conditions, domestic violence, and other issues (Barth & Berry, 2017). Still, some parents give up their children for adoption willingly, and it usually happens shortly after birth. Parents who decide to give up their child for adoption often face pressure from their family and close ones to keep the child. Although giving up a child for adoption may have negative consequences, it is crucial to understand that, from the viewpoint of child welfare, adoption is a positive choice in certain circumstances. Main body There are several negative consequences of giving up children for adoption, and economic concerns are among them since the foster care system in the United States is financed by the government. With almost half a million children in foster care, the share of the 2016 budget devoted to foster care and associated programs was $8 billion (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2015). If more and more parents decide in favor of giving their child up for abortion, this figure will increase further. This could lead to increased taxes or reduced spending on other areas of social welfare, including healthcare, education, and housing. People who oppose placing children in foster care also stress the adverse effect of the experience on children’s wellbeing. This is particularly true for children who spend a long time in foster care or never get adopted. Deutsch et al. (2015) report that living conditions and social environment in foster care often fail to meet children’s needs, leading to developmental and behavioral issues in future life. Moreover, even children who have been adopted face mental health risks. These children may find it more difficult to form attachments and connect with a
The company is facing what many other companies are currently facing. The current economic crunch has left even the most solid companies looking for shelter. As the ultimate aim of all companies is to survive in the market no matter what it takes, and to satisfy its stakeholders so they keep investing in the company and keep it from facing even more financial losses, the company has had to fire one fifth of its staff. These were most likely those people who either were not performing as good as the remaining employees or did not have enough potential in them for a company in such a situation to support them. However, this has created a major problem. The employees are now lower in number. But the work and clientage of the company is still quite large. So large in fact that it is beyond the capabilities of the current workforce. However, since the company cannot afford more employees, these existing employees will have to work more to cover up for the lost employees. This can only be possible if they are motivated enough to take on the extra workload being given to them. They cannot leave their jobs because they might not find another job as every company is in this situation. There have been many ways to motivate an employee. But most of them like offering higher salary and bonuses and perks or other benefits will not work in this case as the company is already running low on cash and therefore cannot afford to go ahead with these types of motivational tactics (Bruce, 2002). Therefore I think that the best way to motivate employees is to involve the human factor. As the employees are more stressed out, the company should provide a more relaxed atmosphere for them. The boss of every employee should develop a personal relationship with the people under him and be kinder to them. This will make the employees believe that the company cares for them and they will consider the organization more like their home than someplace they have got a contract to work at. The company can also change the way it works. Instead of making employees come to work from nine to five during the week, they can just assign targets to the employees for the week and tell them to achieve it themselves without daily reports or any follow up. The employees can work from home or come to office late and leave early. The bottom line however should be that they produce results. This is going to help a lot as many of the costs will also reduce as the company will be catering to lesser employees during the day as most of them will prefer to work from home. This is a well proven tactic used by IBM since the late 1990’s which they used for their contract workers to do work for them (Fargus, 2001). As seen in the paper, there are some traditional ways of motivating employees but for this particular case we need some ways which involve lowering costs and creating value in the hearts of the employees so they will be willing to work more by themselves. Providing freedom within the limits of achieving targets is the easiest and best solution for a compa