ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to the article by Joseph White on the Fiscal Times January 7, 2011 , there is an attempt by the House Republicans to curb budget deficit by repealing health care bill. The author is responding to Washington post article by columnist Ruth Marcus. I find the move by the house republican as uncalled for. It is also a selfish attempt by the house to save their face from the public outcry. Instead of the House Republican trying to come up with other ingenious ways of curbing the deficit, they instead have turned to repealing the public health care bill that sits deeply in the people’s life. Therefore, unlike Marcus, I find the republican attempt to curb the deficit by repealing the health care benefits, by exempting the effects of repeal from their budget rules, as purely Hippocratic. In his discussion, Marcus claims that repealing the patient protection and affordable care act (ACA) is a “budget buster”. I tend to concur with the columnist of this article, Mr. Joseph White, that this is not the best argument against repealing the health care. The best argument, as I find it, is that repealing the act will have an impact on a number of people country wide. This includes self-employed persons, business owners and the entrepreneurs of small businesses. They will find it hard paying for their health care insurance. Following this argument, therefore, it emerges that the Republican attempt to fully exempt the whole of the patient protection and affordable care act (ACA) from the budget rules, that is supposed to encourage responsible budgeting, is purely dishonest. Instead, I find that changing the ACA to take forms that will help save money is easier. This should be done by repealing the benefits and the individual mandate .This as I find it will help keep the savings. Other measures that could be used by the House Republican to save the situation and thus save the general public from having to pay for the health care insurance which most cant afford, I find that the House Republican can turn to repealing the benefits and individuals mandate. The House Republican can also cut on those savings that they feel they don’t like. This could include getting lid of subsidies to private insurance plans in Medicare. The republicans can say they have relieved budget deficits by that: cutting Medicare services. Though there might be political pressures against future savings, and the fact that Medicare cost are not without mistakes ,this should not be used as a reason by those who wish to put multi-year freezes on their spending without taking considerations to policy details. Like the columnist puts it, Marcus discussion, about not being fair in blaming the House Republic on their attempt to cut deficit by repealing the health care. I find this as purely an attempt to give the House Republican credit. This can not be explained as responsible budgeting as with it the people’s health care is compromised in terms of health care insurance. He says this is very bad. He continues to say that the United States government is doing the right thing to further the health insurance bill that is funded by the government. The repu
Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is on a transformational path socially and economically. These developments have so far been facilitated by national development visions and plans, each setting goals and reporting progress towards the end. The most recent programmes are the National Transformation Program 2020 and Saudi Vision 2030 that seek both economic development and sustainability (Mitchel and Alfuraih, 2018). The KSA intends to become a global economic powerhouse and to diversify its economy to reduce the reliance on natural resources. Among the ways in which the transformation is pursued is through education and supporting institutions such as research and innovation centres. One of the newest institutions in the KSA is King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), an independent research university seeking to drive the KSA economy forward through supporting innovation and entrepreneurship. KAUST is built on the ideas of scientific development and sustainability that align with both the Saudi Vision 2030 and the Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). KAUST’s main mission, as explained by Adenle and Alshuwaikhat (2017), is sustainable development. With such an institution, a country like the KSA could benefit enormously in quest of its development objective. The question that will be answered in this essay is how the KSA can make the best of KAUST. The theoretical foundations of this paper will be the role of institutions and research and innovation centres in the economy. Making the most of KAUST will, therefore, involve exploiting the scientific research and innovation capabilities it offers to boost entrepreneurial and economic development in the country. Role Institutions, Research and Innovation Centres Literature has established that entrepreneurship and innovation are a critical basis for competitive advantage and the pursuit of sustainable business growth. According to Maritz and Donovan (2015), entrepreneurship and innovation also drive economic activity and national wealth. Countries seeking to boost their economic performance are encouraged to embrace these two concepts and to integrate them into the education system. Universities today are among the most important institutions supporting entrepreneurship and innovation not only through courses but also through collaborations with the country’s corporations and entrepreneurs. The institutions can serve as a body of knowledge accessible to businesses and individuals pursuing commercial activities. Studies on the importance of university education for entrepreneurial activity have observed that higher levels of education are associated with greater business success. The role of universities in entrepreneurial development has been examined by Davey, Hannon and Penaluma (2016) who explain that universities are a vital aspect in creating and continuing the development of entrepreneurial attitudes in a country. Studies cited by Davey, Hannon and Penaluma (2016) have drawn a link
Radio Frequency Identification technology is a programme developed and fitted on computers to monitor the movement of goods across the world. The identification system is fitted with a moveable device (tag) which is used to transmit data (Hunt, Albert and Mike140). Many organisations across the world use this device to monitor the movement of their products until they are pulled out of the shelves for usage or consumption. Information conveyed by the tag indicates the value and date of purchase of a particular product. The tag has a transponder fitted with a memory chip with an exceptional electronic code. The interrogator produces signals which trigger the tag to read and write the transferred information. The data can then be transferred to the main computer for processing. Radio Frequency Identification tags are found in different shapes and sizes depending on the intended purpose. For instance, animal tags are found in smaller shapes compared to anti-theft tags. Before the introduction of RFID system, identification of items was majorly done by barcodes. Barcodes have been rendered useless since their tags cannot be read from far. Additionally, they are not visible in areas with snow, fog or ice hence RFID system was considered to be more appropriate (Want 35). Most of the consumer products do not have RFID tags because they are still expensive. Consequently, the price of the tags is expected to go down due to the increased demand from manufacturers. RFID system supplied in the market have greatly advanced as they have huge memory, an extensive reading rage and have a faster rate of processing as compared to the previous versions. The introduction of pervasive commerce has made the demand of RFID system be higher than before. Pervasive commerce uses tracking machines to obtain information about the regions where most of the customers can be found. There are four different types of Radio Frequency Identification system, namely: Electronic Article Surveillance, Movable Data Capture, positioning and Networked systems respectively. Wholesalers majorly use Electronic Article Surveillance technique to detect the movement of products within their stores (Haley, Lynne and Shai 35). Additionally, the stores are fitted with antenna readers at the door to detect the movement of the tagged products. Portable data capture technique has movable readers hence the system can be used in a number of settings. In Networked Systems, readers are positioned at particul
The term ‘digital divide’ is used to describe disparity in access to information and communication technologies (Eamon, 2004). The digital divide is extremely important for our societies as it interacts with other existing divides and lack of proficiency in IT becomes increasingly equivalent to exclusion from all the benefits of modern society. Despite efforts to reduce it, the digital divide is widening. The main reasons for this are the inefficiency of existing approaches to reduce the gap and the uncovering of new widening factors by the introduction of ICT in new areas of our society, such as education. During the past years, the term ‘digital divide’ has evolved to a broader sense reflecting the understanding that fair access alone is not enough to bridge the gap. Currently, the ‘digital divide’ is increasingly used to refer to differences not only in access, but also in skill and proficiency level in the field of computers, the net, telecommunications, and information and communication technologies (ICT) in general (Eamon, 2004). The digital divide is similar to other social divides such as the economic one. However, its impact is likely to be even greater, as ICT is increasingly present in every aspect of our societies. Consequently, lack of proficiency in ICT is increasingly equivalent to exclusion from all the benefits of society and from all ways of influencing its future development. Being able to interact with ICT and participate in evolving it is a direct requirement of social inclusion (Warschauer, 2003). The great importance of the digital divide is due to the central role that ICT plays in our societies. The importance of ICT in modern societies cannot be overestimated. The digital computer and the Internet have changed and are currently still changing our societies in ways even more profound than the Industrial Revolution ever had. According to Baird, Ramsower, and Rosenbaum (2000), we are currently living the second stage of the Computer Revolution. During the first stage, computers and the ICT field, in general, developed and refined until they reached maturity. In the second stage, the now mature technology is permeating our societies at all levels becoming an integral part of it. As ICT becomes an integral part of our societies, it also alters social institutions and transforms the requirements for individual people to be able to play an active role in society. To actively interact with changed social institutions, individuals increasingly need to be familiar with ICT. Consequently, the digital divide has increased implications in a large variety of aspects of human life. Studying the digital divide, Eamon (2004) considers that it raises important concerns in four main directions: ‘educational advantages, future employment and earnings, opportunities for social and civic involvement, and equity and civil rights issues’ (p. 92). Educational advantages stem from easy access to information and educational resources. Access to ICT however is not enough as the degree of proficiency in ICT makes the actual difference. Students that have access, but are not yet knowledgeable or skilled enough a
Introduction For several decades now, the world has been experiencing mass migration. Mass migration is no longer a new phenomenon since it has existed for several decades, dating back to the 18th century to 20th century with numerous reasons aligning this migration (Bertocchi and Strozzi 2). Historically, this movement was conventionally nomadic with pastoralists moving in search of pasture and water. Currently, the contemporary migration does not associate with the historical form of migration. With the existing global state of socio-economical exertion, environmental calamities, political issues, insecurity, and persecutions worldwide, several cities and towns across the world experience an influx in population (Hatton and Williamson 6). This mass migration of citizens from one region to another, specifically migration to towns, is in most cases associated with several negative impacts including demographic challenges, insecurity, and even environmental crises. Even though migration is a politically and socially contested issue, it is unknown as to when it will end. This essay seeks to exploit mass migration in relation to demographic challenges. Overview of Mass Migration Human mass migration is the physical movement of people from one region to another. Historically, human migration was nomadic with pastoralists covering several kilometers to access pasture and water. However, nowadays things have changed with the world witnessing massive people migration from rural suburbs to urban environs (Department of Economic and Social Affairs 56-75). Nations across the world, both in developing and developed countries, have received this aspect with mixed reactions with several governments getting confused on what measures to take as international immigration seems a crucial matter. This element has thus become a major challenge with most governments failing to provide accurate strategies to overcome human migration. Another term covering human migration is international migration, which defines how individuals or groups of persons move from country to country (Department of Economic and Social Affairs 148). There are numerous reasons to considerable factors that trigger this migration with each continent or country bearing different judgments. Migration in a country depicts the place’s openness, modernity, and its enthusiasm towards adapting to global economic evolution. Causes of Mass Migration Numerous factors have led to migration of people around the globe. Economical differences and demographic factors are the major challenges towards curbing migration in the world (Hatton and Williamson 11). The prevailing status of socio-economic differences and the existing environmental hardships have continuously triggered mass migration. Cities in developing and underdeveloped countries are economically unfit, thus forcing citizens to shift from their respec
Introduction Chinese history of great transformation took place between three dynastic cycles, which are the Zhou, the Qin and the Han; this in turn came to cover major events of Classical China. It is believed that the dynastic pattern or system of administration started to function during the classical Chinese history that persisted for a long time until early 20th century (Stearns, 2006). With dynastic rule, the major characteristic was that a family that constituted kings was referred to as, ‘dynasty’ and once it assumed power it exercised authority with enormous vigor, establishing solid political institutions and acting as the main motivation that spurred active and functional economies (Adas, et al, 2010). During their functional period, each dynasty was characteristically seen to grow weak, amount of tax revenues reduced and numerous social divisions were rampant as population continued to geometrically increase while the available resources remained constant or increased arithmetically. Furthermore, the dynasties witnessed internal rebellions coupled with frequent external attacks which all combined to contribute to the fall of the dynasty (Grasso, Corrin and Kort 2004). Once one dynasty seemed to be dysfunctional and faulty in carrying out the duties, generally another would arise from a family of a successful general, invader or peasant, and as consequence, the pattern would start again (Mote 2003). Therefore, understanding the history of dynastic cycle of China, which became responsible of centralized power, military and economic expansion and subsequently decline in chaos, this research paper will explore to what extend does recent understanding of economic and social institutions and dynamic change account for the recurrent pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties. The three dynasties-Zhou, Qin and Han The first dynasty was the Zhou, which reigned between 1029 to 258 B.C.E., and the dynasty was responsible to the expansion of China’s territories most significantly by invading and capturing the Yangzi River Valley (Stearns, 2006). The expanded region from the Yangzi all the way to Huanghe generally is known as “Middle Kingdom” and has fertile grounds that support crop growing. During the reign of this dynasty, Mandarin was promoted as the main and standard language of communication while at the same time, the dynasty had weak central government. However, in exercising power, the kings relied on alliances with various regional princes and noble families (Adas, et al, 2010). Due to exercise of weak powers, the dynasty became susceptible motivating the regional princes to consolidate their respective powers and largely disregarded the central government. The next dynasty was the Qin, which exercised power between 221 to 202 B.C.E under the emperor of China (Anonymous, 2010). The first emperor of this dynasty was Shi Huangdi, described as brutal but effective ruler. Indeed, he made other notable achievements such as “consolidation of central government powers, building of the Great Wall, conducting of census, development of standardized weights an
Introduction Basketball is an intense sport that involves rigorous mental and physical activity. Basketball Players, therefore, require a lot of energy if they are to perform optimally during a game. A player requires a proper nutrition plan that will help her stay focused, avoid fatigue, stay hydrated, and most of all, avoid sports-related injuries. The aim of the working out diet is to offer sufficient energy for recuperation and tissue darn fast and ably. Further, the diet is meant to prevent the accumulation of body fat. As dieticians and wellness enthusiasts tell, the human body can be compared to cars; if a car owner does not take good care of it, it will eventually develop mechanical problems. In a similar manner, basketball players should always take good care of their bodies through proper nutrition and engaging in a good exercise regimen. By indulging in unhealthy, highly refined foods, an athlete is likely to have calories building up, which eventually hinders them from reaching their optimal athletic potential. The importance of a healthy diet during active seasons, and the less active seasons, cannot be overemphasized. In fact, dieticians recommended that players should not alter their diets much regardless of the season. Due to the intensity of physical activity that the player engages in during the basketball season, their daily calorie intake should be higher than would be the case during seasons when they are resting. This means that basketball players have an obligation to watch their diets more during the g off-season. The accumulation of energy is vital when it comes to the season, and that is why they need more protein and calories as compared the normal persons. If a player has enough energy stored, then their performance will be good. A good basketball diet majorly consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fluids, vitamins, and minerals. As such, this essay seeks to provide proper nutritional guidelines for use by female basketball players during the inactive sports season. Nutrition for basketball players Basketball is a challenging sport that needs energy and speed. Additionally, a player requires both mental and physical focus. To play actively throughout the game, a player further needs to have sustaining power. Since players do not get sufficient breaks to replenish their energy levels through a game, it is therefore important that they build sufficient energy reserves when they are off the pitch. Most basketball players especially non-professionals tend to pay less attention to their daily dietary needs. However, this should b
How Do Marx and Engels Tell You Something About Downton Abbey ? The writings by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels are not simply manifested in the servant actors at Downton Abbey . Apart from the initiation of new developments from time to time, Downton Abbey ’s servants are mainly sheltered on parkland in the countryside, separate from the daily impacts of the industrial practices on town life, such as increased factory operations. In Downton Abbey , the desire of the youthful characters to depart from service underscores the fact that they do not find their work valuable (Marx & Engels, 2012). Ethel, Thomas, and Gwen do not hold as much respect for their job as Mr. Carson and Mrs. Hughes who started working earlier at a time that service jobs in the estates were deemed among the most prestigious positions, which were also very competitive. The youthful servants’ attitudes disclose a major shift occurring in the service sector. Conflicts arising amid different servants show a picture of how the economy, as well as the status of becoming a servant in an upper-class home, had faded over time. Attributable to many servants being entangled in an old-fashioned mentality, their views appear to oppose the necessity of the reforms that Engels and Marx advocate (Marx & Engels, 2012). At Downton Abbey , there are numerous powerful but intricate connections between people both in and across social categories. What Does Thinking About The Simpsons Through the Lens of “the Popular” Tell You About the Series and Its History? Through the lens of popular culture, the notion of upholding The Simpsons as a segment of the civilization that lingers in people’s minds all through a nuclear apocalypse appears strange and ironic. This is what transpires in The Simpsons when the electric network in Mr. Burns’ play gets damaged, and people are compelled to live in a world that has no phones, radiators, TV, or electric cookers. People resort to traditional practices of engagement, such as storytelling, although rather than higher writings, they ponder concerning practices of popular culture that each person recalls (Hall, 1981). During its first episodes in 1990, the major objective of The Simpsons was perhaps to polarize the audience. The maker of the show could have desired to create a cartoon that addresses what he referred to as superior concerns, such as love, sex, or bereavement, which set the series apart from other animation episodes that only tackle light matters. Through the application of satire as a way of storytelling, this cartoon series does not just evoke