ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Purpose statement Success international has been producing papers they used for documents and distributed in the office, its customers, and its other business partners. Due to the expansion in the company where it increased the number of its employees thereby getting more customers, the company’s demand of paper and other supplies went up increasing the proposed 2010 budget. This doubling in the proposed 2010 budget led the company to think of doing a research to get ways in which the company could be converted to a paperless office and at the same time serve the purpose. After a proposal was written and approved, the research team started the research which is aimed at coming up with recommendations for the company towards change. According to the president of the company, the research on coming up with a paperless office should come up with a solution that is cost effective, environmentally friendly and one which can be easily implemented. The proposed solutions Making an office paperless mean reducing the use of papers in the office greatly or even eliminating its use. To achieve this, office needs to convert all paper work into digital form. There are several benefits of making a paperless office, which include saving money, space, increasing productivity, securing personal information, making information sharing easier, and making the environment friendlier. We have proposed to use online systems to replace index cards with databases, used emails to replace paper letters and faxes, and have an internet reference book. It was also proposed to automate processes that were based on papers to be at a position to capture data that was in forms and applications (enterprise form automation). This automation will allow data entered manually by end users to be captured and submit it to the processing systems thereby allowing for signing of the digital electronic document electronically (Richard 3-10). It is therefore proposed to adopt form technology that will create and display documents, have enterprise form automation software where the processing system will be integrated with forms and the form data, creation of databases that will capture profile and process data in the documents, workflow platforms that will route information, have digital signature solutions
Thesis: Research on how product design concepts can be incorporated in improving ‘klikyball’, which is a stress reduction ball, to assist university students in releasing pressure, hence dealing with stress. Literature Review Introduction Industrial and product design Chitale and Gupta (2009) define industrial design as the process of improving a product’s design, usability, aesthetics, or functionality using applied science and art. Furthermore, industrial design may also be used in enhancing a product’s marketability. In order to be effective in improving the usability and functionality of a product, designers undertake a comprehensive analysis of the target customers’ needs. Subsequently, product designers engage in extensive evaluation of a product’s functionality in order to identify potential gaps (Lesko 2013). The evaluation process entails analysing the product’s characteristics such as form, colour, usability, and texture amongst others. The evaluation stage is a critical element in the product design process because it enables designers to conceptualise ideas on how a product can be improved through innovation (Lesko 2013). Thus, it is imperative for product designers to possess optimal creative, analytical, inquisitive, and technical skills. Product designers should also be conversant with design research methodologies, the prevailing global trends, manufacturing processes, material technologies, and the impor
The proposed study touches upon the effects of multilingualism on children’s language behaviour, this is why the research locale should be properly chosen. It is reasonable to find 20-50 children from age 4 to 16, who grow or grew up in a bilingual or multilingual society (e.g. with parents, who may use different languages or have to live in one language-speaking society and do not want to neglect their native language); they usually live in particular blocks with their own cultural and ethical history that is supported by their parents or other relatives and fellows. A multilingual society is not a new issue nowadays, and children have to live in it without understanding its true essence and possible outcomes of their further development. The effects of multilingualism on children’s language behaviour may vary considerably: from the inabilities to apply specific cultural norms to the current living conditions to the ways of how a communication process may be organized. Children, who have to grow up in a multilingual society, may face a number of problems that define the quality of their language behaviour and influence the styles of life considerably. This is why it is very important to investigate the effect of multilingualism on children in order to learn how to overcome possible problems and threats, improve the living conditions of such children, and assist parents in identifying the main components of communication that have to be considered in a children’s educational process by parents or other care givers and teachers. The theory called the ethnography of speaking (or ethnography of communication), offered by Dell Hymes, will be used to situate the problem of multilingualism and its effect on children’s language behaviour as it helps to comprehend the components of communication and their role in the process of education. According to this theory, speech behaviour should be analysed in two types of contexts, social and cultural , in order to identify a number of culturally relevant features of possible variation, explicit and implicit norms of communication, and verbal and nonverbal parameters of interaction (Hymes, 2013). Hymes’s theory (the ethnography of speaking) and the identification of the main components of communication) seem to be an appropriate idea that helps to address the problem and find out the most appropriate solutions. His speaking model is a good chance to promote the analysis of speech events within a particular cultural context (Johnstone & Marcellino, 2010). The identification of the components like the genre, purpose, setting, etc. is an important step in understanding children’s language behaviour that cannot be neglected. In case all the components are clearly identified and the categories for an
Abstract Labour turnover is one of the controllable, but unavoidable situations in any organisation. For example, where labour turnover is caused by workplace conflicts, proper management of such inconsistencies is required. If the situation is not tackled, employment turnover due to destructive workplace conflicts might have serious effects on the performance of an organisation both in the short and long-term. High turnover in organisations leads to increased recruitment costs and the training of new employees to fill the gaps that are left by the outgoing employees. Tackling the issue proactively requires organisations to address its causations such as workplace conflicts, poor work morale, and dissatisfaction. For Lincoln Hospital, failure to retain employees is a significant organisational problem, considering that replacing nurses in the operating rooms has proved problematic. Ensuring effective resource planning and procurement will determine the future success of the hospital. Introduction Problem Solving Lincoln Hospital is interested in bringing about change that can make it profitable in the end. Change management requires the development of an elaborate plan that shows how the various activities will be executed (Ledez, 2008). In this process, organisational diagnosis is important in determining problems that have to be resolved to realise the change. When called in by Lincoln Hospital’s president to resolve its problems as described in Waddell, Cummings, and Worley’s (2011) case, it is important to implement the change by seeking mechanisms for resolving organisational conflicts. In this process, the first step entails determining the causes and parties in the conflict. The establishment of the common conflicts of interest then follows before determining any commitment areas where parties can help each other in resolving their differences. While firing both parties that are involved in conflicts may help to resolve some challenges such as the rising turnover due to leadership disgruntlement, such differences are pivotal in enabling the organisation to identify its areas of weakness in its personnel and other resource management areas. Hence, I will focus on resolving the conflicts by adopting the best inconsistency resolution mechanisms such as cooperation, compromise, competing, and accommodation. Conflict resolution through avoidance emphasises, leaving the conflict unaddressed (Johnson & Keddy, 2010). Thus, it is inappropriate in the context of Lincoln Hospital’s case study. It implies heightened organisational crises and a deteriorated profitability because of the increased turnover and poor quality service delivery. However, conflict resolution strategies, such as cooperation and accommo
Introduction In the early 1970s an interesting book about middle-class careers appeared called Managers and Their Wives (Pahl and Pahl 63-65). Is there anything about that title that strikes you as problematic? If there is, you may be someone who sees the gendered character of management as an issue. If not, you may believe that everything has changed since the days when men managed businesses and women managed homes and families. A study of managers today, you might suggest, would show that there are just as many female managers in business as male. Gender is therefore no longer a problem for managerial careers. Alternatively you may think that it is natural and obvious that management is a masculine occupation and those managers ought to be men. Before we explore explanations for the disparity in the numbers of men and women in management, it is important to examine its existence and extent. To do so we can draw on evidence from international labor-force surveys which has looked in some detail at the gender structure of the managerial workforce in individual countries and corporate sectors. Although women and men are represented in almost equal proportions in the world’s population, participation in employment, or at least paid employment, is less evenly balanced. World Bank estimates show that about 59 per cent of the world’s labor-force are male and 41 per cent female (World Bank 4-7). If a person’s career chances were unrelated to their gender, then we would expect to find men and women represented in similar proportions to these across industries and occupations. This is far from being the case. Across the world, men are over-represented in industries such as manufacturing and construction, and in many industrialized countries women are over-represented in the services sector. So, for example, in the second half of the 1990s in the UK, 86 per cent of the female labor-force worked in services compared with 60 percent of the male labor-force, whereas only 13 percent of working women were employed in the industrial sector compared with 38 percent of men. This situation is very similar to that found in the USA (World Bank 4-7). Must men manage? Whatever your response, it would be hard to deny that over the last thirty years or so, sex and gender have been consistently hot topics in management. The problems of sexual harassment at work, equality of opportunity and equal pay have been a focus of continuing attention. According to Dr Alan B. Thomas Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Manchester Business School, such issues are
Introduction Psychology and Christianity are disciplines that tend to explain anthropoid tendencies. Some experts in the two subject matters hold the view that these study fields are independent. This perspective has created two conflicting theories within itself. Some people regard religion as an enemy to the study of the psyche while others consider psychology as an adversary to Christianity. Regardless of the opinion one has, the most important thing is always to learn from the rival’s standpoint. Discovering the opponent’s stances helps determine common grounds for working relationships, and this creates harmony. Lessons That Can Be Learnt from Secular Combatants Sometimes it calls for great self-control when someone who is opposed to my worldview confronts an issue about my belief
Speaking about Martha Ballard attitude towards God it is worth mentioning that woman occupied a special place in the life of the American society of the XVIII century. This theme is of current issue now because in the conditions of developing feminism and emancipating, everything that is connected with female themes attracts much attention. So, the focus of the work is that God was viewed as fatalistic by Martha Ballard. Though there are many contradictory moments in her diary because she seemed to be completely indifferent to God and to God’s role in her life and in the life of her community. She did not attend the church often. As it is known every decent person who believe in God was to attend the church at least once a week, but Martha Ballard did not do this systematically. Nevertheless she was always grateful to God for having children. In general it is worth noting that women of that time were under the pressure of some social rules and norms, that was why everything was taken as fate by them. And that was why they understood the role of God as fatalistic. The type of family in the USA, the colonial period, was based on so-called “family economy”, had nuclear structure that is consisted of two generations – spouses and their children. The family, besides economic functions and functions of reproduction, played a role of a social regulator. As from early age child labor was used in housekeeping, education of children differed by severity and ascetism. A great attention was paid to the family relations which are fallen outside the limits “parents-children” which make the essence nuclear families. Such family relations played a significant economic and psychological role, have been most developed and were the basis of ethnic traditions. The social status of female inhabitants of colonies has been as much as possible approached to the status English women in the sense that they were respected, free, were in safety, but in full ignorance. The isolation from the families of immigrants from the roots has imposed the print on their character of intrafamily attitudes which was less authoritative and has been much less connected with clan concepts. On this boundless ground the life of women was defined by such factors as demographic disballance – there were more men, than women; high birth rate and the same death rate; the social structure where there were no borders between family and community, between private and social life. And still, owing to the wide circulation of Puritan morals, the cultural tradition ordered to women the certain problems and gave them the role of submission to the man. And therefore the obedience of the wife was similar to the fear of husband as God and was a metaphor behind which all hierarchy of social attitudes caused by a political system of a society disappeared. The woman enslaved not only religion, but also the right. According to English laws, the husband acted the role of “trustee” of the wife. Receiving the status of the married woman, the woman lost any legal independence. She did not possess the property right and could not sign contracts; it was forbidden even to earn money. The So
Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection In the Albers Equal Area Conic, USA is made to be at the centre of the globe and highlighted as a section. The section is enclosed with +20 – +56 degree latitude and -60 to -135 longitude. A cone would be projected over the arctic region. It will pass through the globe and further touch at two parallels known as the secant. In this projection, the parallels are not distorted and the horizontals remain the same. The geometric properties that are distorted are the length. Mercator Projection The Mercator projection is cylindrical in nature and is widely used in navigation across the seas. It represents the lines of constant course as straight segments. It uses a linear scale and this has a constant size in all directions. Smaller objects and landmasses are not distorted and their shapes and angles are preserved. Larger objects are distorted and the shape and angles of larger landmasses are distorted. This occurs because the scale of the map would be increasing as one goes from the equator to the arctic region. Plate Carree Projection The plate carree projection maps the meridians of the globe to vertical lines that are straight and vertical. In this projection, the latitude circles are spaced in equal horizontal lines. The projection thus formed is not conformal and it is also not equal area. Distortions would be observed in the projection of the globes and farther landmasses from the map centre. Among the three map projections, the best map projection for navigation is the Mercator. is the Mercator since it does not distort smaller landmasses and the scale representation is true even when the curved globe is projected on a flat face. Geographic Coordinate System – GCS Geographic Coordinate System is a type of coordinate system that allows all locations on the globe to be identified by using spherical coordinate systems. Our earth is not an exact sphere but a rough ellipsoid. GCS is specified by the latitude and the longitude. Latitude is the angle extended from a point on the earths surface to the plane of the equator. It is measured from the centre of the sphere. Longitude is the angle to the west or east of a reference median that is placed between the two poles. The Geographic Coordinates of the “City University of New York Hunter College” is Latitude: 40° 46′ 06″ N, Longitude: 07° 35’52” W. Conversion to DMS 40 46 06N in DMS 06/60 = 0.1 46+0.1=46.1/60 = 0.768333 N404606.768333 0735752W in DMS 52/60 = 0.866 57+0.866 = 57.866/60 = 0.964433 W0735752.964433 Universal Transverse Mercator The UTM – Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into flat grids. Each of the grids is identified by zone numbers. This zone number range from 01 through 60, east to west and each of them is 6 degrees wide. There are also zone designators C through X, south to north. A central meridian is provided in each of these zones and coordinate of a place is given with reference to the central meridian. The nomenclature is ‘northing’s’ that stands
There is a range of personality tests based on various assumptions concerning psychological problems’ manifestation. Speaking about the objective assessments of personality, one should pay attention to the way that they are different from subjective ones and the sources of the dissimilarities. The administration of both objective and subjective tests such as MMPI and the Rorschach test requires preliminary research, professional experience, and critical thinking skills. Objective Personality Assessments The term “objective” is used to demonstrate that in such tests, final results do not depend on the client’s personal opinions, self-image, and similar factors. Concerning the features of objective tests, the fact that they are “less susceptible to answer distortions” and more structured compared to subjective methods is believed to have a positive impact on the reliability of results, thus increasing the effectiveness of psychological treatment strategies (Proyer & Häusler, 2007, p. 537). Among the well-known objective measures, there are MMPI, CPI, and BDI used to measure specific traits or their combination (Roberts, Tarescavage, Ben-Porath, & Roberts, 2018; Proyer & Häusler, 2007). The first two tests are widely used in pre-employment psychological evaluations. Objective methods are based on the assumption that to achieve accuracy, the testee should have no idea about the links between his or her answers and evaluators’ conclusions (Proyer & Häusler, 2007). Concerning its correctness, there are opinions that there is no face validity related to the purpose of questions from objective tests (Proyer & Häusler, 2007). In general, the correctness of this assumption is not a matter of dispute. However, judging from modern researchers’ works, the technical adequacy of objective assessments varies from one test to another. Thus, there are mixed views on the effectiveness of Cattell’s Objective Analytic Test Battery, whereas the recent versions of CPI and MMPI are regarded as technically adequate (Proyer & Häusler, 2007; Roberts et al., 2018). Even if an objective test shows positive results in some population, its translated versions may need to undergo the procedures of cultural and social adaptation to be administered and interpreted correctly (Mansur-Alves, Silva, & Fernandes, 2016). Despite the presence of linguistic equivalence, the same concept can be understood in different ways based on the testee’s native culture. Projective Personality Assessments Projective approaches to personality assessment also belong to techniques that are used to provide timely psychological help. The term “projective” implies that, instead of reporting facts, the testee uses his or her imagination to logically structure some ambiguous situations. As for the features of such methods of assessment, projective tests do not possess a rigid
The US is home to virtually all ethnic groups in the world. For that reason, the US is home to Whites, Asians, Hispanics and Africans. Nonetheless, certain races have often been perceived as socially inferior in the US. On the other hand, others have often been perceived as socially superior. These perceptions are the root cause of racism and ethnic stratification in the US. Racists believe that some ethnic groups are naturally inferior due to their genetic or biological composition. Therefore, racism has frequently been used to justify the different forms of prejudices in the US. Ethnic minorities are more prone to prejudice and discrimination than the majority ethnic groups in the US. In addition, some of the US citizens have refused to acknowledge individual differences. Consequently, they do not believe that racial differences are superficial. However, there is no evidence that a particular ethnic group is superior to another. For that reason, all ethnic groups in the US are equal. This essay uses an example of African Americans to provide insights into ethnic hierarchy and discrimination in the US. African Americans form the bulk of ethnic minorities of immigrant origin in the US. In the US, ethnic relations are historically understood through interactions between the Whites and African Americans. For that reason, African Americans are one of the most important ethnic groups in the US. Currently, majority of African Americans are not 100% African descent. They are a mixture of Blacks, Whites and Native Americans. Additionally, 14.1% of the American population is made up of African Americans. Prejudices are the negative attitudes ethnic groups have toward other ethnic groups. Discrimination, on the other hand, is the conversion of prejudices into physical actions. Therefore, discrimination is the unequal and negative treatment that a particular ethnic group faces. Although formal discrimination against African Americans has significant declined, direct discrimination persists. There are many instances of discrimination against African Americans in their daily interactions with other ethnic groups. For instance, other ethnic groups are less likely to date and marry African Americans. This is the informal discrimination against African Americans. However, there are instances of institutional discrimination against African Americans. For instance, about one third of African Americans are born in poor neighborhoods. These neighborhoods still encounter socio-economic hardships that are difficult to overcome. One of the most uncomfortable subjects in the US is class. This subject is m