ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Throughout the 14 th century, Italy established a new period of creativity. This achievement “laid the foundation for new concepts such as humanism and renaissance” (Nauert 26). The Renaissance Period became the greatest period of human creativity since Athens in the 5 th century. Nauert believes that many “Florentine artists emulated the Athenians in an attempt to achieve their social goals” (9). The Florentines began to examine powerful classical materials from Athens. Some philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle were treated as supreme authorities. The people of Italy obtained new ideas, models, and styles from these ancient philosophers. They regarded this world of antiquity as a period of human greatness. Many Florentines believed that “the Medieval Era was mainly defined as a period of decline” (Nauert 17). The Florentines therefore “wanted to flow in the footsteps of these Greek thinkers” (Nauert 34). They believed strongly that such a path would eventually make them successful. As a result, many poets, writers, painters, scholars, and thinkers emerged during the Renaissance Period. Florence was a free society full of citizens who wanted to absorb the best classical concepts. They had found “the best model for their own communities in the civic life of ancient Athens” (Nauert 52). Some painters also promoted the concepts of humanism. One of these artists was Giotto di Bondone. Humanism played a significant role during this period. The ideas borrowed from Athens were aimed at reshaping the moral values of many citizens in Florence. Many humanists emerged during the Renaissance Period. Such scholars trained people to establish the best positions in their respective societies. Humanism also became “a powerful concept for effective social expression” (Nauert 29). Rhetoric also became a powerful tool for promoting the best moral values. Different orators encouraged more people to embrace the best social actions. New virtues also emerged in this society. Every person was ready to support the needs of his or her neighbors. This new culture “promoted the best social virtues and actions” (Nauert 78). Humanism therefore became the foundation of ethical law. This discussion explains why “many Florentines emulated the Athenians over their medieval ancestors” (Nauert 102). The Renaissance Period made it easier for many Italians to embrace the best ideas from ancient Rome and Greece (Nauert 72). New artists and literalists emerged during the period. Such artists empowered more people using these classical concepts. Some of these artists included Giotto di Bondone, Duccio de Buoninsegna, Pietro Lorenzetti, and Simone Martini. Giotto “restored Italian art to its original prestige and greatness” (Nauert 112). He managed to revive most of the concepts embraced by many classical artists. The contributions of these Renaissance artists made many Italian artworks recognizable throughout Europe. His efforts revived Florentine art. He borrowed most of the artistic approaches embraced by many Athenians. Giotto al
Gender, religious, economic or social class aspects in the development of a specific character’s identity Each person is unique, that’s why we should respect other person’s world-views and opinions and take them into account. Such attitude will help both to broaden our personal horizon and develop some person’s identity. According to Gines (2003), one’s family is the most important source for creating person’s identity (p. 85). We get acquainted with Aylmer and his wife Georgina in a short story The Birthmark written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. We can observe their relationships and see how Aylmer’s point of view, his ambitions and desires influence and change Georgina. Aylmer suggests an idea to remove a birthmark from his wife’s cheek. We can see a gender aspect in this case because Georgina changes her own attitude towards her birthmark under the influence of her husband’s opinion. At the beginning of the story, she says about it as about a special charm, then, it becomes a “hateful mark” and “a burden” for her. She yields to Aylmer’s opinion and becomes an experiment, a puppet in the hands of Aylmer. Georgina loses not only her birthmark, but her uniqueness and identity. However, according to Nancy L. Bunge (1993), the suggestion of Aylmer also inspires her to “mediate a formidable battle between self-esteem and self-hate” (p. 29). But her power of will is not enough to understand her uniqueness and accept it. The short story also deals with Aylmer’s fight against nature that affects and destroys his wife. He succeeds to remove Georgina’s birthmark, but loses in his war against nature because Aylmer understands that he destroys the thing that he loved in Georgina. Laurie A. Sterling (2007) mentions that “Hawthorne was keenly interested in religion and related questions of sin” (p. 172). That’s why this story also touches religious aspect that rests the responsibility of killing Georgina on Aylmer. Personal experience where you encounter identity issues similar to those encountered by the character It is one of the most difficult problems in the family and relationships between man and woman when someone tries to change the others. I’ve seen a lot of families that were destroyed because one of the spouse could not accept the other’s individuality. However, I think people should understand that when they meet, they fall in love with a person taking into account all his/her advantages and disadvantages. Perhaps, people should accept that the aim to live together is n
Democratic societies the world over are supposed to guarantee certain inalienable rights to the citizens. Rights such as freedom of assembly, speech and worship are universal every individual can claim entitlement to. Citizens on the other hand are required to conduct themselves in a certain way as they enjoy these rights; in other words freedom should be accompanied by responsibility. In modern society the level of moral decadence especially among the young people has reached alarming proportions. Moral decay among the young people is evident going by the number of juvenile crimes such as shootings in schools, drug and alcohol abuse and teen pregnancy. This situation has been made worse by the breakdown of the social fabric characterized by the disjointed family as parents are rarely available to guide the children on how to become responsible young adults. The government has not helped the situation as it has denied the parents the opportunity to discipline the children by allowing children to report cases of punishment to the police. Schools are supposed to mould children into morally upright citizens considering that they spend the better of the day in school. Unfortunately schools in most instances concentrate on the academic development of children leaving them morally deprived. According to Piaget, all development emerges from action; that is to say, individuals construct and reconstruct their knowledge of the world as a result of interactions with the environment. (Nucci, 2008). Children rely on what they observe to determine what is right or wrong. Piaget observes that simple rules that children establish as they play games to help them identify what is and what is not fair play determines their “later moral thinking”. Interaction with adults is another major contributor to children moral development as they view them as role models. Culture and morality are intertwined, to understand moral development, there is need to understand how culture influences our behavior. Culture is a means by which human beings express their way of life; it provides a means of identifying a group of people as distinct from another. With globalization, technology and movement of people across borders, the culture as we knew it has been redefined. There is a new of form of identity that
Haier group is one of the largest multinational companies across the globe that deals with home appliances, as well as consumer electronics. The company has a very distinct mode of management. This is because it employs unique aspects of management that are not practiced by other companies in China. Performance management refers to certain actions that are performed by organizations so as to make sure that the goals are constantly achieved efficiently, as well as effectually. One of the most distinctive features of performance management that the giant corporate body Haier depicts is the guiding principle that is in place in its management system, which is OEC. This stands for overall, every control and clear. The term ‘overall’ implies that all performance dimensions have to be adhered to by the employees. ‘Every’ refers to everyone, every day, and everything. ‘Control and clear’ refers to Haier’s end-of-work procedure each day. Conversely, the element of accountability is not distributed equally. Haier uses a range of performance management and motivational tools. The conglomerate has an 80:20 principle whereby the supervisors are responsible for 80 percent of the outcomes, whether excellent or terrible, while the juniors stand-in for the remaining 20 percent. Another significant feature of Haier’s HR system is a close connection between performance measurements and compensation. In addition, each manager’s production statistics, as well as performances, are evaluated on a weekly basis. The formula for reviewing employees involves both achieving quantifiable objectives and the degree of innovation and process improvement. The end of the month brings forth a grading criterion for the managers to analyze. This works out from the grade A-C. The outcomes are announced to the managers at a meeting for middle to upper-level managers. This is quite unique since most other companies do their work while shrouding in secrecy. The strategy that is used by Haier is quite tricky to implement. This is because they have to look for ways to try and avoid conflicts among their employees. These conflicts may arise from the fact that the people strategy is well balanced for them to try to give everyone a chance to improve, and even if you excel, you must work hard to defend your title. The results are open to all staff, thus making everybody work harder as nobody wants to be at the bottom. With the ratings to prominently displayed in the cafeteria, all the employees know exactly who is on the top and who is dragging their feet. However, since their exclusive mode of people’s strategy seems to be working just fine for them, Haier may endeavor to elaborate on a few more issues that may hamper the progression of the moderately newer e
Out of the world’s largest belief systems, none are as different from each other as Islam and Hinduism. Both have enormous numbers of followers and have substantial history. Yet, these religions convey drastically different messages about the creation and purpose of life. Understanding what distinguishes Islam and Hinduism is essential in ascertaining the differences in core beliefs and the views on the central problem of humanity. Islam is based on the belief that Allah is the sole creator whose teachings have been conveyed via his Prophet Muhammad. Islam’s sacred text is the Quran, which is believed to have been written by Muhammad, but it contains the precise wording of Allah. It implies that any alternative interpretation is sacrilegious and constitutes a violation. The goal of the Mulsims’ life is to follow the Five Pillars and regularly pray to Allah. They believe that a life of devotion is a pathway to salvation as opposed to suffering in Jahannam. In its turn, Hinduism is not explicitly monotheistic, because they believe that there are gods aside from the creator Brahma, such as Vishnu, Shiva, Lakshmi, and others. There are numerous sacred texts, and the creation of this belief system cannot be traced to a particular person, practice, or event. Hindus believe that the goal of life is Dharma, which manifests in religious duties, moral responsibilities, and proper behavior. The central problem of humanity is understood differently in both belief systems. Islam views life as a limited experience, which should be channeled into following Muhammad’s teachings. Subsequently, a Muslim should resist impulses and urges to reach eternal life with Allah. In contrast, Hindus believe in the continuous cycle of reincarnation known as Samsara. After death, a soul assumes a new physical body depending on the actions and behaviors during life. Therefore, the purpose of Hindus is to liberate themselves from Samsara and achieve Moksha, which is Hinduist salvation. Altogether, both religions are similar because the ultimate goal is salvation. However, Muslims and Hindus have a drastically different understanding of salvation and the ways to achieve it. The continuous cycle of death and rebirths in Hinduism is opposed to a single life of devotion in Islam. As a result, both religions require their followers to uphold virtues, even though there is a discrepancy between what is considered virtuous in the Muslims’ and Hindus’ minds.
Learning is a challenging task to do because it requires all of the individual’s concentration, dedication, and persistence to succeed. The course proposes learning techniques which help to study, memorize information, and apply it. There are several teaching and learning strategies, which are universal; however, there are also useful techniques for an individual approach. The course helped me to understand the methodology of learning, what is necessary, how to use new knowledge and preserve it. Hence, it is a critical module that sets the basic understanding of how teaching and learning work together, instead of focusing on studying only. Before the course, I had a stereotype that education utilizes reading as a primary method. In fact, all a student has to do is read, reread, and memorize information. However, this habit was proven to be ineffective, according to the course’s methodology. The active learning consists of writing and modeling a situation which uses the studied material. Hence, I changed my attitude to memorizing and manipulating with the learned information. The priority for me is to repeat the content by writing about it and trying to teach someone else, as these are practical techniques to increase comprehension and fill the gaps I might have. Nonetheless, overall I have become more of an active learner, more involved in learning, instead of only reading and seeing examples. The understanding of how learning works and how it influences the overall academic success helps to prioritize the core aspects of education. For instance, instead of concentrating on an ineffective approach, it is more natural and more beneficial to take some practical tasks and test a real level of knowledge one has. By having a list of priorities, it is possible to manage time better as useless techniques should not take as much time as the effective ones. Typically, the student learns and reads everything without any system or time management, which decreases academic success. I believe prioritizing methods and subjects will improve my grades significantly as I would not spend limited resources on something irrelevant. The module clearly states that writing is a vital component of any successful learning experience. It is a primary tool to memorize and use the knowledge in the future. However, nowadays, writing is underestimated, but it is one of the most effective techniques to learn anything. I would try to use writing as much as possible during lectures and labs as it positively influences memorizing and comprehending new information. As the course suggests, it is a universal method for everyone, despite one’s preferences. However, it is necessary to consider carefully what kind of information is important and what is useless for the course and oneself. A lack of a plan could create an unhealthy environment for education while prioritizing the tasks prevents it. Overall, the course provides valuable and applicable information which helps to understand the methodology behind teaching and l
What is CEMAC?   * The birth of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) was heralded as a means to create an atmosphere in the sub-region of Central Africa where all the member states could enjoy its benefits (Background Note: Central African Republic, 2005).   * Member states are still taking unilateral actions.   * There are perceptible border tensions despite the existence of a common passport for all six states.   * Overall, the origins of this integration can be traced to the early sixties, when the first free-trade agreements were concluded (yet some trade restrictions still exist) (Background Note: Central African Republic, 2005). What is Regional Integration?   * Its express purpose is to promote trade, peaceful relations, and economic cooperation.   * Regional integration can be considered a method by which states enter into a bilateral and multilateral agreement to fulfill a common purpose, which can be economic, social, or political in nature (Agbetsiafa, 2010).   * The current international climate is predisposed toward a trend in regional integration.   * This is due to the apparent benefits this entails for member states.   * Countries within the same region tend to promote trade and peaceful relations due to their inherent proximity (Agbetsiafa, 2010).   * The modern day version of regional integrations entails far more commitment toward specific regional agendas than what was seen in the past. What is Trade and Human Migration?   * Trade and human migration refers to the act of inter-regional transfer of goods and personnel (Castles, 2009).   * This is meant to facilitate the improvement of regional economies by transferring much needed materials and labor from one state to another (Castles, 2009).   * The end result is “supposed” to be mutually beneficial for the states in question. What was CEMAC Supposed to Accomplish CEMAC was supposed to accomplish the following goals:   * Allow ease of migration in between the member states to allow the transfer of workers from one state to another;   * Remove barriers to trade to encourage higher rates of trade;   * Encourage the creation of joint economic goals and polices. Was it Successful in its Goal?   * Lack of evidence to be sufficiently definitive.   * There are still noted problems regarding the ease of human migration and trade in between CEMAC member states.   * It is still unknown if people and businesses are able to find jobs and do business across borders without significant barriers to entry (Dawid et al., 2012).   * Lack of data that compares economic data with rate of human migration and trade. Identified Issues Reported Cases of Border Conflict:   * Despite the presence of an inter-regional passport that “supposedly” allows ease of travel in between the CEMAC member states, there are still border issues in between the countries.   * T
In most cases, forces that are completely beyond our control define the course that our life takes. This makes predestined fate and divine interventions responsible for nearly everything that happens in a man’s life. By looking at history, one is able to realize that most of Ancient Greek believed in the power of fate and the existence of forces that were beyond man’s control. By analyzing most Greek literature, one is able to realize that there is usually an “unseen hand” that clearly controls people’s destiny. According to this mythology, the gods are responsible for engineering our fate and directing our lives in direction that we would not have taken by following our free will. Although there is much literature written on this subject, Sophocles’ Oedipus and Homer’s Odyssey are classic examples that demonstrate how fate and divine intervention can dictate the course of our lives. In both plays, there is strong evidence, which proves that events in both Oedipus and Odysseus lives are engineered by forces that are beyond their control. (Homer 209) In fact, it is interesting to note that fate and free will are interconnected in such a way that it is almost impossible to differentiate between the two. This is because while the gods are obviously responsible for choosing the path that one’s life is to take, it still takes the free will of the involved person to follow that path. This is evident in Homer’s Odyssey where for close to eight years Odysseus is held captive by a force beyond his control. In fact, these unseen forces were responsible for his initial capture and they held him captive for almost ten years. When the same forces decided that it was time for Odysseus to return to his own country, they released him and notified Kalypso of this fact. (Homer 265) When Odysseus was about to leave, Kalypso tried to coax him to stay but instead he chose the latter. This can be seen when Kalypso tells him, “You should stay here, and guard this house, and be immortal” (Homer 267) Instead of heeding this advice, Odysseus decides to leave for his home country and back to hi people. Although this is the case, it is clear that Odysseus is merely following the path that the gods have preordained for him. This is seen at the beginning when the god Zeus claims, “all man’s afflictions come from us, we hear.” (Homer 210) This clearly shows that Odysseus was merely following a path that had already been established by divine intervention. Apart from the detainment of Odysseus by the gods, the play contains many other scenes where the hand of fate is evident. An example is where Athena goes to Ithaka to meet Odysseus son. This meeting is called to rally the support of the community to reject Penelope’s suitors. Since the disappearance of Odysseus, Penelope ha
The hunger eradication mission is designed to bring this terrifying figure to ZERO. The first country to face this challenge in 2003 was Brazil; then, the government of this country helped millions to get rid of poverty and hunger. Hunger eradication is the second of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) supported by all UN organizations (Gardner, Green, Gardner, & Geddes, 2018). States, private companies, and citizens around the world have to work hard to achieve these 17 goals by 2030, starting with the eradication of poverty and hunger. As part of this task, many exciting programs have been launched, and most of them are aimed at families and small communities. Almost all measures include training and the exchange of information and technology. Studying is the best way to learn about how to use resources and improve people’s lives: explore the territory, new methods of cultivation, climate change, and threats to human health. It is also important to learn advanced technologies and learn how they could help the most vulnerable people, as well as contribute to the achievement of the common good. Seeking to address the most critical challenges that are reflected in the post-2015 sustainable development agenda and in the draft Addis Ababa Agreement, namely, the statement “Our goal is to eradicate poverty and hunger”. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Program (WFP) have prepared new estimates of the additional investment needed to end hunger sustainably 2030 year (Gardner et al, 2018). This problem is also being studied by such scientists as Dr. Ratan Kumar Singh, De Onis, M., Gardner, H., Szabo, S., and others. Zero hunger this is a phenomenon whose goal is to ensure food security, improve nutrition, and develop sustainable agriculture. Every day around the world, a massive number of men and women are in constant search of food to feed their children. The elimination of hunger and malnutrition is one of the most critical tasks of modern society. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is considered a food-safe country, but product imports, fragile agriculture create conditions for zero hunger in the country. If society does not stop the effects of starvation or malnutrition, then it will impede progress in many other areas of public life, such as education and work. This paper will research the problem, causes, and consequences of zero hunger in Abu Dhabi. Zero hunger problems are present even in one of the richest countries in the wor