ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Within recent decades, large companies have been paying more attention to the need to train their existing and potential workforce extensively, as it is recognized today that proper training is an integral part of successful human resources management. Etihad Airways is one of the prominent companies in the United Arab Emirates in this regard, as in its initiatives to train its personnel and future employees of the company went as far as to establish their own academy (“Train with us,” n.d.), a form of a corporate university, i.e. educational institution and training facility managed by a corporation. Training programs for three particular groups were identified—pilots, cabin crew members, and engineers—and analyzed for their design, evaluation, and possible recommendations. Training Programs for Pilots First of all, Etihad commits to training high-quality pilots. In 2013, the company established the Etihad Flight College, the purpose of which, according to the company’s CEO, is to “produce the best pilots to support our rapidly expanding fleet [and] underpin the growth and development of the aviation sector in Abu Dhabi” (“Etihad Airways to establish,” 2014, para. 5). The company extensively employs the most advanced training devices, such as full flight certified simulators for various types of aircraft (“Train with us,” n.d.). An innovative competency-based training program was developed and introduced by Etihad; known as the Multi-Crew Pilot License (MPL), the program was adopted by major international aviation agencies (“Etihad Airways to establish,” 2014). The evaluation process in this program heavily relies on simulations, i.e. testing the competencies of a pilot under conditions imitating real ones with maximal accuracy and completeness. This is important because, unlike the work of cabin crew members, the work of a pilot to a larger extent consists in a number of strictly technical skills and abilities, which is why it is insufficient to evaluate the learning outcomes in this training program through tests or classroom sessions; instead, it is recognized that high-quality simulations are necessary. In terms of recommendations, it can be suggested to Etihad Airways to develop further initiatives instead of collaborating with other organizations for Etihad Airways’ pilot training needs. Hudson (2016) stresses that Etihad Airways’ collaboration with Abu Dhabi University is rather costly, and the company can make training significantly less expensive by promoting professional learning as part of corporate education the company itself provides. This solution requires large investments, but it is assessed that the return will be remarkable, and Etihad Airways will ultimately benefit from training more pilots on the basis of its own facilities. Training Programs for Cabin Crew Members It can be argued that the work of cabin crew members is less t
Implementation Plan One of the solutions to the problem of childhood obesity is the proposed plan which is aimed at increasing community awareness regarding the problem, encouraging the members of the community to participate in the plan, as well as support it. This can be done by increasing the working team by hiring more experienced employees. In addition, it is important to have reliable communication links when making the working groups. In order to have commitments from organizations representing every part of the working group, it is important to implement the recommended strategies like identifying “champions” in each group. It is important to use communication tools that advocate for the proposed solutions. The proposed solutions are bound to bring great advancement to the community. These communication tools should focus on healthy diets for everyone in the society (Koplan, 2007). Next on the plan is ensuring that children have a healthy start in their lifestyle by means of useful prenatal care and through the support from their parents, which is necessary when breastfeeding (Bryson, 2011). The quality childcare set by the parents helps with the provision of a balanced diet and spacious opportunities for children to be physically active. Furthermore, it is necessary to educate parents and caregivers by providing them with simple handouts which encircle nutritional choices based on the latest Dietary Guidelines. One of the solutions is the improved labels on food and menus that provide clear information on the ingredients of the products to help parents make healthy choices for their children. There should be a reduction in the marketing of unhealthy products for children. This will take a long way to enforce the proposed solutions. Schools and professionals in nutrition should work hand in hand in order to effectively control obesity in children. Children at schools should identify a volunteer nutritional professional and work together to improve the nutritional behavior of other children. This in return helps the school in implementing the proposed solutions. The Matched schools and nutrition professionals have access to the necessary resources, support from the government, parents and technical assistance, which foster prolific partnerships (Koplan, 2007). Schroeder (1991) argues that surveillance might be significant when implementing community-based proposals. This may include the intervention of the social workers who are available all the time. They will constantly be with the families and the children in their normal home setting, and this will remind them about the proper diet that they may have ignored. The social workers will also make sure that the numerous activities are put in place for the children to participate in, and the center’s function and the children enroll in the activities. The social workers will look for other possible factors that may be working against the proposed solutions in the community. The parents are encouraged to have a checklist to enable them to analyze the progress of their activities with the children. The parents or caregivers are requested to che
Swine flu is a virus-caused ailment of the respiratory system of pigs depicted by nasal discharge, chesty cough, loss of appetite, and restlessness. The production of swine flu vaccine is a costly undertaking. It takes over one billion chicken eggs to manufacture the three billion doses of the vaccine required globally. The entire production process takes over six months. The production, overseen by the World Health Organization, starts with detection of the virus and its isolation. A blend consisting of the virus and a standard virus from the laboratory is made to form a hybrid that is later planted in chicken eggs. The hybrid is tested to ensure its safety, efficacy and proper development in the egg. It is then taken by pharmaceutical corporations for mass production. Ultraviolet light treatment inactivates the virus making the disease causing antigens inactive. The H1N1 virus mutates in a way that makes is easily transmitted among human beings. For instance in 2009 the virus that was discovered as the cause of swine flu was influenza A. In 2011, another virus was discovered and labeled influenza A (H3N2)v (Bloom, Canning, and Weston, 28). New vaccines are produced regularly to prevent infections from new strains caused by mutations in the flu virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regularly modify and revise their vaccines and information about flu breakouts (“Vaccine against 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus” para. 1). Health care practitioners must verify the information contained in the inserts and packages of the vaccines before administering the vaccines. In many ways, prevention is always better than cure. Immunization not only protects against contracting preventable diseases, but also prevents the diseases from spreading. Every year, young children die from diseases that could have been prevented by a simple shot or oral dose (Nieburg and McLaren 7). Moreover, most vaccines are safe and efficient and are only administered after they have passed rigorous tests. The side effects associated with vaccines such as pain and soreness are insignificant compared to the risk posed by the actual disease. Vaccination is very important, and measures should be set up to ensure that all children are vaccinated against preventable diseases. Therefore, compulsory vaccination of children before admittance into kindergarten is a good starting point. All approved vaccines (H1N1 vaccine included) contain an insignificant amount of risk. For instance, for every one million people vaccinated about two are likely to contract a life-threatening neurological consequence known as the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). However, the risks posed by flu (including GBS) to the wider population outweigh any such complications and incidences. Responses The first posting stands out in the way it clearly outlines the procedures followed during the manufacture of flu vaccine. I like the way the author dedicates a large portion of the material to the importance of the
Abstract The quality of American schooling has been a subject of discussion for decades now. One of the hotly debatable issues is the impact of class size on performance of pupils or overall school improvement. While proponents argue that smaller class size is an important ingredient towards improving the performance of learners owing to longer teacher-pupil interaction time, there are those who hold a contrary opinion noting that other imperative factors such as race and ethnicity, the education level of parents as well as socio-economic status practically influence school and individual chid performance. The analysis of both sides of the debate also reveals that reducing class size can yield positive result towards school improvement on condition that the right procedures are followed to the latter. Finally, it is evide
Abstract One of the primary lizard specimens living in Qatar is the Gekkonidae family. This family is represented by nine species, including Bunopus tuberculatus and Cyrtopodion scabrum , the most abundant species in the region. The history of these lizards in the country is understudied. However, it is possible to assume that some species of geckos are native while the others were introduced to the region. Currently, geckos, as well as other lizards, face many problems connected with human development. However, different species of Gekkonidae can be found in every part of Qatar. These lizards are small and mostly nocturnal animals. Their adaptations allow them to live in the low light and low temperatures. Introduction The climate of Qatar creates perfect conditions for more than a hundred species of lizards. The family of Gekkonidae, which specimens are mostly called geckos, is one of the primary lizard classes present in the region (Šmíd et al. 2013). While these reptiles can live in almost every part of the world, their concentration in the tropical and dry areas of the Gulf region is exceptionally high. According to Cogălniceanu et al. (2014, p. 67), Gekkonidae is the most “abundant family found in Qatar”. It is represented with nine species, including Bunopus tuberculatus , Cyrtopodion scabrum , Hemidactylus robustus , Stenodactylus arabicus , and Pseudoceramodactylus khobarensis . The first two of these species are also the most widespread in the region as the number of sightings of these lizards greatly surpasses all other reptiles. The population and distribution of Gekkonidae show the main patterns of the Qatari fauna as lizards can be considered the most populous animals in the region. The objectives of this essay are to explore the history of Gekkonidae, its current population, distribution in Qatar, and some main features. History and Current Population While the records of the lizard fauna in Qatar appear in some articles, the families of reptiles present in this country are not studied well. As Cogălniceanu et al. (2014) note, studies that have a comprehensive description of all species of the region may not exist. Furthermore, only a number of articles feature information about some history of reptiles in the area. The authors also point out that a lack of knowledge does not allow one to distinguish native species of lizards from those that were brought into the country. It is possible to assume, however, that the specimens which one can encounter in urban areas are allochtonous – introduced to the region. It is unclear whether this introduction may affect the native species as their differences are not studied enough. Curr
Introduction The following is an ethics essay that compares the Kant’s, Mill’s and Nietzsche’s ethical significance of telling truth or promise keeping. The term ethics is derived from a Greek word ‘ethikos’ which implies a habit or a behavior. The main reason why society emphasizes on adopting an institution of ethics is because its own existence as a good society requires so. Society requires ethics to regulate the conduct of its members.Indeed; no human society can survive without ethics. Even when we have laws, ethics is still essential because unlike laws, it regulates every aspect of our activities. It has been said that people can only live together if they regulate their conduct in relation to one another. Truth telling or the obligation to keep promises is supported by the deontological theory. According to this theory, everyone has the moral duty of telling the truth and keeping promises. The truth thus should be overriding principle irrespective of the consequences that may arise as a result of telling the truth. According to deontologists, the act of telling truth and keeping promise is essential since it allows people to act in the same way they wish to be treated by others. However, the utilitarians adopt a different approach with regards to telling truth and keeping promises. According to them, the moral appropriateness of a behavior or an action requires to be evaluated by determining the consequences that are expected form a behavior or an action. According to Utilitarianism theory, human beings are under the sovereign of two masters i.e. pleasure and pain. Pain and pleasure determines everything that a human being does and in most instances, people acts to seek pleasure and at the same time, avoid pain (Bass, and Bass, 2008, P.201). Comparison of Kant, Mill and Nietzsche on the ethical significance of truth telling or promise keeping Immanuel Kant is one of the most prominent deontologists in the history of philosophy and he argued that morality cannot be based on emotions or feelings but instead, it should be based on reasons. According to Kant, every person is rational and therefore, he or she is capable of arriving at correct decisions without necessarily having to make any reference to external authority. Karl held the view that through human reasons, people can arrive at universal moral principles and laws i.e. maxims. According to him, every human being who is rational can develop such maxims. Immanuel was on the view that an action can only be deemed to be right or wrong as a result of the maxim or principle and not because of its end results. According to him, the motive behind an action is the one that makes the action to be deemed as right or wrong.Thus, an action is moral if it has good intentions behind it. Having a good intention implies that one acts in accordance with the maxims. One therefore does his duties for their own sake and not for his or her personal gains.Thus, telling lies or failure to keep promises is wrong
The Code of Hammurabi is one of the oldest deciphered writings in the world. Created by the eponymous Babylonian king, it is a collection of the decisions reached by him in various disputes and legal matters. It was intended to serve as a reference to judges for just resolutions of disagreements and punishments for crimes. Ultimately, however, the king had created the document to improve his popularity and spread awareness of the wisdom and order of his rule. The Geopolitical Context Hammurabi was a highly successful ruler, achieving many victories in both internal and external affairs. According to Dutton et al., under his rule Babylon conquered its rivals, ending the period of strife that had lasted two centuries, and instituted the king’s native Accadian as the primary language of the land (17). Considering his work in resolving legal matters in addition to that, it is likely that Hammurabi enjoyed popularity with his citizens. However, the expansion of the nation beyond the boundaries of a single city had a significant effect on the legal system. The much higher number of subjects, combined with the distance between them and the city of Babylon, meant the king could not attend to every matter personally. As such, it became necessary to appoint local judges who would control the population without needing to consult him personally. To aid them, Hammurabi decided to create a code of laws, like his precursor Ur-Nammu did two centuries earlier. The code made clear distinctions between nobles, commoners, and slaves, valuing the aristocracy above the rest. A noble’s word was more likely to be believed, and the punishments for the same crime were more severe if the felony was committed against a noble as opposed to a commoner or slave. This difference in treatment served to deepen the social rift between different categories of citizens, effectively securing their positions. The Justice of the Code The first step in evaluating the justice of the Code of Hammurabi is the examination of the judge’s position. The judges were not the local rulers and did not enjoy freedom in their decisions. Instead, they were strictly supervised and expected to follow the code whenever possible. Furthermore, the decisions of judges could be appealed before the king, though the decision would be sent back to the judge if the king’s representatives decided the case was covered by the code. The code operates on the presumption of innocence, requiring evidence before a judgment concerning a crime would be made. If a person accused another of misconduct and failed to present adequate proof, they would often receive the punishment instead.
The TiVo Company is a company that offers an avalanche of television solutions through a variety of solutions that make it possible for the viewer to enjoy an independent form of viewing. The pioneers of TiVo were Jim Barton and Mike Ramsay. The invention of the company-redefined entertainment in numerous ways as it delivered the promise of much hyped technologies. TiVo is the pioneer of home entertainment and a creator of the first Digital Video Recorder (DVR). The largest part of the company’s business is in partnerships with leaders in technology and entertainment industry. Some of the company’s partners include Virgin, DirecTV, Hewlett-Packard (HP), among others. The company partners with the aforementioned companies to provide its customers with branded boxes that incorporate the DVR technology synonymous with TiVo (Barton 28-35). History, Development, and Growth of TiVo over Time The TiVo idea began to shape up in the late 1990’s with Ramsay and Barton working together to provide a project network in Orlando. This was necessitated by a joint venture between SGI and Time Warner that culminated in the creation of an interactive television system. It took a short time for the pioneers to come into a realization that they could develop a similar system, which exhibited greater intelligence at a consumer friendly price. The system on their mind would be easier to use. Moreover, viewers would be capable of controlling television programming and timing. The aforementioned idea was the core part of TiVo genesis. To transfer this idea to reality, Jim Ramsay and Mike Barton quickly assembled of a top-notch team that would facilitate delivery of the TiVo promise. Subsequently, TiVo blended Silicon Valley, Madison Avenue, and Hollywood together to create a television service that was personal and to enable the masses to access. In 1999, this company unveiled the television service at consumers at an electronics show for national consumers. From this time, the company continues to work diligently to ensure that viewers enjoy better television. This feat has been achieved through teaming with industry leaders to foster changes in the manner that consumers can interact with and enjoy the television (Barton 29-36). Following the launch of the first working TiVo prototype, at the 1999 show, and limited time for the completion of an authentic working product, Mike Ramsy dared the TiVo Company to ship the DVR by April 1999. This was to the thrill of everyone with many dubbing the effort ‘the Blue Moon’. To deliver this promise, the team working on the idea had to dedicate time and effort with most of the members spending the entire March at the company’s premises. In March, TiVo rolled out the first box from the assem
California suffered one of the strongest storms and most dangerous disasters, Hurricane Norbert. The natural tragedy resulted in considerable damages, about $716, 4 million, and took the lives of five people. The scenario will provide a profound analysis of the disaster underlining the major losses it caused and highlighting the peculiarities of incident command system characterizing disaster under consideration. The storm covered the greatest part of the Baja California South and Northeast; it is necessary to stress that the hurricane reached more than 410 miles providing considerable damages to the state structures within California. Hurricane Norbert can be characterized as 3 category storm, destroying thousands of buildings, including homes and business structures. It should be noted that the warnings as to the disaster threat were issued for all the California parts and extended to near states. The analysis of the California hurricane can be demonstrated through the losses it resulted in; the government announced the Alamos reconstruction in 2 year period with an initial budget of $7, 3 million. The regions, having suffered the disaster, were provided with supplies and federal funding; it is necessary to underline the idea that Baja California Sur got about 1000 blankets, 300 000 meals, and 8000 water bottles, as well a sanitary care. As a result of hurricane damages, a number of trucks had to clear mud and clean up debris. The disaster brought considerable financial losses to the states, and the Sonora government had to provide funding and support in the form of $30 million for the purpose of residential relief. It is necessary to stress the fact that the residents were supplied with shovels, and hygiene kit as the kind of support to the population suffering natural catastrophe; the government proclaimed Sinaloa, its northern part, a disaster area. (AIR Describes Hurricane Norbert’s Passage over Baja California, Mexico. 2008) 2) As it was found out from the above analysis, the principal losses and damages brought by the hurricane are connected with victims’ displacement and destruction of buildings structures. It is necessary to analyze all possible responses to the disaster aimed at offsetting the hurricane effects and developing possible objectives contributing to further disaster prevention. Hurricane Norbert’s effects resulted in depriving a lot of people of free access to food and medical care, as well as places of living. The immediate response to the disaster should be formed through providing necessary medical personnel and food supplies to the area being called a disastrous one. People suffering the destruction of their homes and business structures are to be provided with financial support and temporal places for living. Governmental strategic planning is to be directed at different kinds of support, both financial and medical; the threat of disasters can occur at any time and part of the earth, that is why it is necessary to be ready for state representatives offering appropriate aid to those