ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Strategic management refers to the high-level of management that is involved in the decision-making process, implementation of goals and objectives, and in the allocation of resources in the organization. Some of the decisions made by strategic managers are related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which has to be undertaken by the organization. The film “Class Action” depicts a case of corporate negligence where Argo, an auto manufacturer, releases faulty cars into the market. The film is about a case in court brought by plaintiffs injured by defective cars. A client of Argo, who was in a wheelchair, was blown up by a vehicle he bought. There were other explosions related to vehicles bought from Argo, and the executive knew of this. Argo owed the social responsibility in ensuring that the vehicles they manufactured were of high quality and met the set standards. Jed is representing the client who was blown up while Margaret is the defense attorney for the company. Granville observes that “it is clear where the case is heading, but what hold us are the legal process that plays out and the exchanges between the attorneys” (67). This is a case where we have a father on the one hand and a daughter on the other ( Class Action ). It brings out the old man with his legal intellect against a young and flowery lawyer, who wants to use the case as a springboard to more cases in the city. Jed has a lot of confidence and mastery of the law, which he inherited from his father. Schwartz states that “Margaret is an assertive professional who knows where and when to hit. The director of the film makes it clear why the case is believable” (56). In the world of business, ethics are the acceptable and more appropriate behaviors and decision-making process that respects all the players in the industry. The executive of Argo failed their clients by behaving unethically. “Class Action” raises various ethical issues. They include conflict of interest, attorney fees, the attorney-witness rule, and soliciting. As regards the reason why CSR is important, the following can be observed: it enables the organization to employ and retain suitable and qualified specialists. Also, another remarkable aspect of CSR is the fact that it provides employment opportunities to local people. This amounts to giving back to society and increases the per capita income of these households. All this helps to improve the corporate brand, and the executive of Argo failed to achieve this. They targeted profitability at the expense of the security for its clients. Since strategic managers usually show a precedent of what should be done in the organization, It is important for them to behave ethically. It has also been observed that unethical behavior is practiced by companies that are involv
It is almost impossible to count all the professions and various occupations which help people earn money. Professions differ in their nature and the character of the results provided. Architecture is one of the most popular occupations in the sphere of those careers which depend on the successful combination of creativity and developed practical skills in the fields associated with engineering and technology. Architecture as a career focuses on planning, designing, and building different constructions with references to organizing the space and environment with the help technologies which are necessary in building. An architect as the representative of the profession is a specialist in designing buildings and further controlling the process of their construction. Architecture is traditionally associated with the process of creating not only usual buildings but also with the famous constructions which are built according to various architectural styles which developed during different historical periods. That is why, it is possible to state that architecture reflects the main tendencies in the social and cultural development. From this point, architecture as a career field includes the knowledge of the architecture history, modern tendencies and the practical realization of the knowledge in the processes of planning and constructing. Architecture is based on the innovations and accomplishments in science and technology with references to engineering. However, one of the most important aspects is the creative approach to planning and designing a building. Architecture as a career is often chosen by people who are interested in design and art and who have the strong knowledge of sciences. Several decades ago the career of an architect was available only for persons from the highest social stages because of the top status of this profession. Nevertheless, the situation has changed and today any person with the basic knowledge in technologies and engineering and with creative thinking can become an architect. Architecture is the prestigious field with high-paid jobs. Architecture as a profession is important for increasing the quality of the people’s life, and it can be discussed from the perspective of its importance for the social life. The results of architects’ work are houses where people live, public buildings where people gather or work, and those buildings which have the practical meaning for towns and cities. Moreover, the plan of towns and cities is also the result of the work of architects who are responsible for the sector of urban planning and design. An architect is a specialist in the field who is qualified to plan and design objects and constructions according to aesthetic and technical norms and principles. The key requirement to practice is the license which supports the architect’s qualification. One the one hand, the profession of an architect can be discussed as creative, and it is correlated with the sphere of art and design where it is necessary to work with different forms, textures, and materials. On the
The photographs created by Taryn Simon and Jacob Riis are comparable in their significance for revealing the truth usually concealed from society. The common theme in their art pieces is culture, frequently misinterpreted by the population, whose perceptions are guided by the shared information of dubious origin. Thus, for example, Simon’s works include a picture of a 21-year-old Palestinian woman preparing for hymenoplasty due to expectations posed by the people in place of her residence, and this practice is never discussed publicly (Simon, 2009). In turn, Riis presents a unique perspective on the immorality of the Victorian neighborhoods serving as evidence of erroneous people’s attitudes towards appropriateness (“Analysis of Riis photographs,” n.d.). Both photographs depict the aspects of life that are either hidden from outsiders or neglected due to beliefs in the claims opposing reality. Hence, Simon and Riis have a lot in common as they are focused on dismantling the myths of a cultural nature. In turn, the statement presented at the beginning of the video appears to be credible since it reflects on the events of which the general public is not aware. For instance, the photos of men convicted for crimes they did not commit contradict the common attitudes toward these individuals as deserving punishment (Simon, 2009). Without examining the actual circumstances of the matter underpinned by such explicit materials, serving as evidence of societal injustice, one can hardly grasp the meaning of this phenomenon. In this case, the phrase “photography threatens fantasy” means that this method of interpreting reality is crucial for learning the truth through visual cues (Simon, 2009). Therefore, I would say that I agree with the photographer’s statement because it clearly identifies the problem of the lack of evidence of this kind leading to the promotion of misconceptions.
François Lyotard is one of the most influential postmodern theorists who explored the concept of knowledge in the twentieth century. Lyotard (1979) analysed different types of information and knowledge and the role knowledge played in the society. His discoveries revealed the major trends which existed at that time. Thus, the theorist exploits the concepts of metanarratives to stress that the era of information has little to do with ethics. He also emphasises that the major resource of the twenty-first century is information which will be the object of conflict. The author’s famous work The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge has inspired numerous theorists and, to certain extent, has shaped some major theories of society. Lyotard’s ideas had impact on conflict, functionalist, critical and feminist theories. In the first place, it is essential to consider major ideas articulated in Lyotard’s book. Thus, the subject matter of the book is “the condition of knowledge in the most highly developed societies” (Lyotard 1979, p. xxiii). The theorist stresses that the very nature of knowledge (as well as information) has been changed due to the changes which are taking place in the society. Technology and science have transformed information. According to Lyotard (1979), information is no longer a final product, but only a sub-product. Managing (i.e. searching, distributing, storing) information is becoming pivotal within the contemporary society. It is not enough to generate some information, it is crucial to be able to manage it properly. It is essential to understand which channels should be used to distribute data available. Lyotard (1979, p. 5) also notes that information has become a “productive power”, which is the central “stake in the worldwide competition for power”. The theorist states that information will be the most important resource and countries will long to possess knowledge rather than other resources. Remarkably, knowledge helps provide or manage other vital resources more efficiently. Therefore, highly developed countries will try to control knowledge to retain their leading positions with the help of proper information management. Apart from defining knowledge, Lyotard (1979) puts a very important question. He tries to understand who has the right to decide what knowledge is. At this point, it is necessary to note that the author claims that there are different kinds of knowledge. The author introduces the concept of narratives. In other words, different people obtain and accumulate knowledge. Lyotard (1979) tries to consider legitimacy of knowledge. The author concludes that this can be the government’s priority to legitimate knowledge. Importantly, Lyotard (1979) does not simply identify those responsible to legitimate knowledge, but he also provides a specific method to do it effectively. Thus, language games can be the necessary tools to legitimate knowledge. Im
Abstract This paper provides a study of two major American multinational companies, The Coca-Cola Company and Exxon Mobil Corp. The research is based on a review of both online sources related to the activity of the two companies and scholarly literature. The short history of the two firms is supplied; the analyses of the price and income elasticity of demand for the enterprises’ products, and of the market type the businesses operate in, are offered, as well as the examination of the cross-price elasticity of demand of the named companies’ products and some other goods. Further, the operational costs of the companies and the professional practices employed in them are scrutinized. The paper also provides a number of conclusions and recommendations regarding the choices that may be made in respect of the two businesses. Introduction Coca Cola and Exxon gas are consumer-based corporations that have a strong presence in their market sectors. There are many considerations when selecting a company to invest in. Aspects of each corporation have been thoroughly examined and a recommendation has been implemented. Coca Cola In 1886, a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia, by the name of Dr. John Pemberton, invented the formula for the soft drink by mixing carbonated water with a flavored syrup. At the time, the soda fountain was a popular social gathering spot so making a soda-fountain drink and entering the beverage market seemed like a good idea to Dr. Pemberton. Frank Robinson, his partner, and bookkeeper had excellent penmanship and was the one who designed the logo for the drink and also registered Coca-Cola’s formula with the patent office. (Cantwell, n.d.) In 1888, Dr. Pemberton sold portions of his company to various parties. Asa Griggs Candler, a businessman from Atlanta, bought most of the interest and became the sole owner of Coca-Cola. Candler had excellent marketing strategies and spread the word of Coca-Cola by offering coupons for free drinks, hiring traveling salesmen, plastering logos on calendars and posters and getting people to try the drink. In 1894, Joseph Biedenharn became the first to put Coca-Cola in bottles. In 1899 Biederharn along with, three enterprising businessmen from Chatta
Iago is one of the most intriguing characters in Shakespeare’s Othello. His actions and deeds are difficult to understand for they need careful interpretation. Iago manipulates all the other characters throughout the play. On the one hand, he seems to be pure evil; on the other hand, however, he presents himself as a decent and honest person, which makes it easy to believe him. After reading William Shakespeare’s play “Othello” ordinary readers, as well as literary critics, fail to come to a unanimous conclusion about intricate traces of Iago’s character; some critics suggest that Iago is unique and the motivation for his actions is difficult to understand, while the others state that Iago is an expression of a fundamental aspect of human nature. Iago, just like all people has his vices; throughout the play, he tries to show other characters their imperfect human nature revealing at this his own weak emotional state. First of all, Iago is the representation of all the vices which people have and which they try to conceal in the course of their lives. Iago as a character has a number of such vices, but he fails to conceal them. What is even more important, his vices took an upper hand over him and controlled his mind entirely all the time. That is why Iago did so many evil things to people who trusted him much. In the first scene of the play, we learn that Iago is jealous of Cassio because he has just received the rank of lieutenant, which Iago was expecting to receive. It is also obvious to the reader that Iago is contemptuous of Othello who granted Cassio such a high ranking. Alternatively, Iago is much too smart to immediately kill Othello, he prefers to kill him emotionally. By this he displays his evil nature, the vices he has; his words “I am not what I am” 9Shakespeare and McDonald 5) show that he realizes his evilness, but is not going to change. Thus, Iago expresses one of the aspects of huma
Introduction When examining whether UAL should proceed with 787s or 380s, it is important to examine the current market features of the Japanese market in order to determine which particular type of aircraft would be the most effective. Based on the article “From Large to Small” by Mecham, Perrett, and Wall (2010), it can be seen that there is a current predilection within the Asian region for utilizing wide-bodied twin-engine aircraft such as the 787 (Mecham, Perrett, and Wall, 68-69). In fact, Mecham, Perett, and Wall (2010) indicate that this is a trend that began at least five years ago when there was a dramatic shift in the region towards planes with small frames (Mecham, Perrett and Wall, 68-69). The reason behind this can actually be connected to the rise of several Asian budget airlines within the region whose business models emphasized affordability rather than a luxury. Not only that, as the effects of globalization within the Asian region continue to expand various regional hubs have developed that service a variety of far-flung destinations resulting in budget carriers being the plane of choice for travel to such areas. As a result of such events, budget airlines within the Asian region have outstripped the growth of network carriers resulting in more airports having structural frames designed for receiving planes like the 787 rather than massive monstrosities like the A380. This is particularly important to point out due to the fact that while the open skies deal would enable the UAL to potentially access the regional airports of Japan the fact remains that if the UAL fleet to be used coming and going from the various regional airports were composed of A380s this would result in considerable expenses for these airports in terms of tarmac and station modifications to accommodate an airplane of the A380s overall size and configuration which may jeopardize the open skies deal due to perceived costs on the part of the regional airports (Schofield, 26-27). Strategic Options The UAL can proceed under two potential strategies when examining what particular type of plane to purchase:  1. Since the UAL places an emphasis on business class passengers the larger space on, an A380 would enable far more spacious accommodations as compared to the 787 and would enable the airline to seat far more business class passengers  2. The 787 is a far more fuel-efficient and cost-effective plane which is a popular model currently utilized within the Asian region. By utilizing this popularity, UAL could possibly expand to more regional hubs and locations in the future due to the fact that their airports could easily accommodate the 787 with few problems if any at all. Market Examination When examining the current Japanese market, it can be seen that wide-body two engine planes dominate a large percentage of the airplanes currently being utilized. As m
Introduction This paper is an article critique of a sociology journal written by Cabrera, Shannon & Tamis-LeMonda (2007). The article explores the influence of fathers on children’s cognitive and emotional development. Cabrera et al. (2007) specifically concentrated on exploring this relationship by focusing on the emotional and cognitive development of toddlers and pre-kindergarten children. This study exposed three main objectives – to establish how resident fathers interacted with their children (toddlers), to find out how financial and human capabilities of fathers affect the quality of their relationship with their children, and to explore how spousal relationships affect the quality of parent engagement with their children. Lastly, the paper also strived to establish how the presence and support of fathers affected their children’s cognitive and emotional development. In their study, Cabrera et al. (2007) say that most children who receive support from their fathers tend to have better emotional and cognitive development than those who do not receive this support. Here, a key interest for Cabrera et al. (2007) is the positive effect of fathers on their children’s language development and emotion regulation. The researchers said, compared to mothers, fathers had a better effect on helping their children to regulate their emotions, while mothe
The video published by Great Big Story reveals an interview with Landon Meiera, a man who makes disturbingly realistic masks of other people’s faces. It is a part of the Human Condition series that make the representatives of the general public acknowledge the most extraordinary and distinctive individuals. Thus, it is not surprising that the discussed video has the same purpose. Great Big Story focuses on typical American citizens who have ordinary lives and are used to their routines. The videographer tries to reveal the interviewee’s point of view and shows people that the world is not just black and white. There are individuals who made great changes in their lives and became unique, and these are not some outstanding people but typical representatives of the community who had usual issues, such as those with employment. The videographer engages the viewers in the story emotionally, as he emphasizes the fact that an ordinary man managed to create something unordinary, which means that everyone has the possibility to do the same. In addition to that, he uses a lot of attributes, repeating that these masks are freakily and disturbingly realistic. Finally, he shows other people’s reactions to Landon and his family wearing masks, which makes the viewers empathize with passers-by. The camera focuses on the interviewee while he conducts various activities: walking, mowing the lawn, or making molds while wearing masks. In addition to that, it focuses on the very masks. Sometimes, other people are also in the center of attention, for instance, when their reaction is discussed. Background settings alter along with locations. They include a workshop, a lawn near the house, and the center of the city. Background settings are important because they provide the viewers with an opportunity to understand that Landon wears his masks in everyday life rather than only using them for some performances. The majority of close-up shots show how the interviewee makes masks and how they look like when they are ready (including every detail). While the video of Landon’s speech represents A-roll, B-roll depicts the process of making masks and wearing them. Few natural sounds are used (noise made by a lawnmower, for example). They make depicted events more realistic and involve the viewers, providing them with an opportunity to imagine themselves participating in the situation. Sounds of the interview (Landon’s speech) allow receiving information about the story and understanding the sense of the viewed pictures. It also makes the viewers feel that they communicate with Landon, or at least listen to his speech, in real life. Additional music contributes to the overall emotions of the video, making it fun and appealing. Action sequences look rather short because the videographer cut them, showing the beginning, the most interesting parts, and the end. Different types of shots are used. CU and XCU, for instance, are good for