ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Macy’s association is a major operator of department stores in the United States of America. It has more than 850 stores in forty-five states. Macy’s department stores provide a diversity of products like apparel for men, women, and children. Other products are shopper goods such as accessories, makeup, and home equipment (Plunkett, 2008). Hence, there are myriad economic ideas that can be applied in this organization. This is because the success of the business depends on customers’ preferences and the demand for the products. Hence, the focus should be based on fiscal and monetary policy as outlined by the government. The organization should consider this factor while looking forward to satisfying their customers by offering a good price. Main body I have chosen Idea one and four. These two ideas have a great impact on this organization, mostly on department stores. The first idea posits that choices involve tradeoffs. This means giving an offer is usually for the sole purpose of gaining positive returns. The department stores provide competitive products to draw more customers. The latter quite often wish to spend their finances on a variety of products without moving from one place to another. If they find a shopping location from which they can buy all their preferences, they are likely to be retained as long-term customers. The reason why departmental stores have many visiting customers is a variety of products. Macy’s organization has used this first idea for the past few years. It has retained its customers while getting more from different countries which sell its products. They give these products to get more profits in return. If when they sell products at a lower price, it is to gain more from clients. Therefore, the result of better pricing in departmental stores is a wide base of customers. This will demand more workers who have to be paid at higher rates. When there are more customers, then the company will accrue higher returns. Therefore, the advantage of the first idea is profit maximization. The fourth idea underscores that ‘the market does not always work efficiently; government action may be needed”. This is the condition whereby markets do not flourish whether the organization has employed sound strategic plans to expand its business or not. This is whereby government intervenes and controls the economy. Schiff (2010) explains how inflation affects the growth of an economy. When an economy is under recession, the market is greatly affected. It uses fiscal and monetary policy to put it under control. This fourth idea affects Macy’s organization in one way or another. The government may opt to increase the interest rate. The organization may tend to decrease the worker’s rate, their salaries and
Marketing occurs in all aspects including in the following areas: business, the arts, retailers, publishers, sporting events, fashion designers, people, travel companies, the government, political parties, medicine, NGOs, banks and financial institutions, educational centers, tourist locations and many other areas (Groucutt, Leadley & Forsyth, 2004, P.6). According to the Charted Institute of Marketing (CIM), marketing is “the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer requirements profitably” (CIM, 2011). Therefore, marketing plays a role of getting customers on board, delivering products that satisfy their needs and initiating strategies aimed at retaining those customers. For marketing to be complete, it involves marketing concept, “the philosophy that firms should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decisions to satisfy those needs better than the competition” (NetMBA, 2010). The marketing concept is very dependent on marketing research that is done to determine market segments, their proportion, and their requirements. To meet market needs, the management must make informed decisions regarding the variable aspects of marketing mix. The marketing mix includes the 4 Ps that are involved in the process of ensuring a product or a service is finally in the hands of the customer, thus these elements should be designed to meet customer needs and requirements (Times, 2011). For any business leaders planning to promote or restructure their business in this digital economy, they should consider the following major forces reshaping the digital economy. The potential impact of the internet on future market and business behavior; globalization, with the consumers around the world being exposed to new ways of living and consuming and want many of the things they see; deregulation and privatization, which are opening up markets and creating vast new opportunities; and the new economy based on the digital revolution (Kotler, Jain, & Maesincee, 2002, P.4). Compare and contrast the various benefits and disadvantages of the strategies Tod’s could adopt for products in their portfolio that have been identified as reaching the maturity stage of the Product Life Cycle. Tod’s luxury shoes business is a well-established business, which has “built its reputation by fabricating subtle variations of its signature gommini, or driving moccasin” (Alderman, 2010). Thus, in order to beat competition and stay in the market, it is considering two marketing strategies (extending of the product line and seeking a new market for the product) which are evaluated below. First, the two strategies can increases the brand image of Tod’s and make the feedback benefits to the parent brand and the organization achievable (Managementstudyguide, 2011). Secondly, the gains achievable through the two strategies are temporary in the hypercompetitive markets, since the launching firm must try to generate a succession of those gains from a temporary position of strength (Grohsjean & Kretschmer, 2009, P.4). Thirdly, both strategies can create less awareness and trail where the management may not
The novel After the Winter by the Mexican writer Guadalupe Nettel tells the story of two people – Claudio and Cecilia, who are in different cities and described in different chapters. This book is about two separate stories of different people and how they can cope with problems. The stories of the two heroes will intersect, and they will have subtle feelings between them, but before that, they will have a lot to live through. This essay will examine the personality of Claudio’s character through the paradigm of his actions and how it characterizes him. It is a mistake to think that it is enough to study the summary or read the review articles to paint the story of Cecilia and Claudio. To understand why they have taken some climaxing action, you need to know what was worth before and what each character had a background for. In the course of reading, the reader is convinced that the literary figures of Guadalupe Nettel are incompatible lovers. Claudio, a Cuban book editor, lives in New York City in an apartment he could buy himself. After experiencing a few traumatic moments as a child, he became dependent on constant control (The Many Lives and Deaths). In addition, it is worth noting that Claudio is a disabled man who lost his leg in the Boston Marathon explosion (Hind 1678). Claudio confesses ascetic views of the world and is always full of determination to break down his home, his work, and all relations if they do not satisfy the hero’s views. As an example, Claudio convinced his neighbors not to make any noise after 9 p.m. because he does not want any sound. Few people love it, but he obeys the must-have routine in everything he does. One day Claudio met a woman 15 years older than him. Together with Ruth, they have a relationship, even though it’s in the style of the protagonist, under control, and with scheduled phone calls. Ultimately, the two characters intersect, satisfying the thoughts of the reader who expects such a continuation. But Nettel wouldn’t have been such an exciting writer if he had allowed the characters to live happily ever after together for the rest of their lives. Instead, the author reflects The Many Lives and Deaths. In the narration, there is not romantic love, but a subtle empathy, mixed with psychological conflicts in life’s views and attitudes. Claudio and Cecilia will meet through Claudio’s former Cuban girlfriend in Paris, and it will become apparent to Claudio that Cecilia is the woman of her life, the one he has always fantasized about. On the day of the meeting, Claudio feels an unusual intimacy, a kind of absolute freedom of soul. The relationship will be very intense and satisfactory for both. Also, Claudio is obsessed with the bursting of the tomb of the Peruvian poet in Paris, so he makes pilgrimages to all Paris cemeteries, which undoubtedly only connects him more firmly with Cecilia. If we talk about the characters’ script growth, their development, and disclosure from new sides, it is necessary to mention one scene, in which Claudio reveals the most sincere and complete. This is the scene of Cecilia’s arrival in New York City to meet Claudio. For the sake of further understanding, it is wo
Introduction The poem “The Wight Man’s Burden” written by Kipling (1940) in 1899 has been the subject of discussion by political scientists, philologists, and sociologists for many decades. The author’s message is interpreted in different ways, and those speech constructions that Kipling (1940) uses in his work provoke controversial judgments about the main motives. The essence of the poem lies in calling for the white race of the American nation to rally for the benefit of achieving lofty goals and helping poor minorities. Nevertheless, the interpretation of this work may be different, and by analyzing some of the concepts mentioned, it is possible to identify those significant ideas that make up the key subtext. The Notion of Social Darwinism Social Darwinism as the concept of interpreting the development of humanity may have different assessment degrees, and both the positive and negative features of such a theory can be given. When considering this term from the classical standpoint of natural selection and the struggle for survival, people’s progress and the desire for perfection is reasonable in the face of increasing needs and opportunities. However, the application of this concept to specific cases and historical stages can reveal biased and even severe consequences. For instance, the policy of genocide may be partially connected with the theory in question since the extermination of certain segments of the population implies a step towards selection and division into classes. Modern capitalist laws are associated with competition in politics, business, culture, and other sectors. It is impossible to provide the most desired benefits to all those in need. As a result, social Darwinism manifests itself as the inevitable and logical course of development. Therefore, the interpretations of this concept may imply different assessment categories. Kipling’s Motivations and Consequences When analyzing the motivations and consequences that Kipling (1940) presents for undertaking “The White Man’s Burden,” the historical background of the poem creation should be noted. At that time, the United States was at war with the Philippines, and this work was the reflection of the mood that was typical for the American intelligentsia. The author’s imperialistic views became a key for detailed discussions, and ideas to rebuild the world against the will of others were accepted with enthusiasm by the representatives of the national democratic forces (Kipling, 1940). Nevertheless, there is no claim that Kipling (1940) was a supporter of the policies of racism and the forcible conquest of the Third World countries through industrialization. Judging by the poem, his views concerned the difficulties faced by his white contemporaries since society imposed a significant degree of responsibility on the citizens of the country (Kipling, 1940). The need to protect the integrity of the state, create an industrial and agricultural base for posterity, and perform many other duties was considered a
Introduction Scholars, practitioners and mainstream commentators acknowledge that the number of children diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the United States has increased substantially in the last two decades, with latest statistics demonstrating that one in every 91 children in the country has been diagnosed with an ASD (Solomon & Chung, 2012). In its entirety, autism remains an intricate, energy-draining and often upsetting disorder for both the person affected and his or her immediate family, in large part due to the disorder’s capacity to influence normal developmental processes of individuals and hence increasing caregiver burden (Lui, 2011). The etiology, symptoms, beliefs and management of autism will be illuminated within the context of thi
Emotional and anxiety disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, and depression, are generally characterized by emotional and social disturbances caused by impaired brain functioning. The recent developments show that disturbances in social cognitive processes contribute substantially to the development of psychotic disorders (Washburn et al., 2015). They are thought to be a result of cognitive problems rooted in childhood and developed in the course of adult life. Nikolic studied the role of social emotions and social cognition in the development of social anxiety disorder. He proposed that dysregulated social emotions (such as fear and shyness) are crucial for social anxiety disorder and are closely connected with the disturbances of socio-cognitive abilities (Nikolic, 2020). The study proved that in early childhood, negative cognitive experiences, such as situations causing an elevated sense of fear or shyness, can result in the development of social anxiety disorder. Depression is often associated with cognitive problems and the impairment of higher mental functioning, which have a significant impact on the patient’s life. In recent research, depression is started to be viewed as cognitive, rather than emotional disorder (Perini et al., 2019). Regarding such emotions as fear and shyness as learned rather than biologically inherent, researchers argue that their disturbances are a result of cognitive problems experienced in childhood. Jansen’s research aimed at establishing the connection between social cognition and obsessive-compulsive disorder states that almost all patients have certain cognitive problems. They show deficits in recognition of social clues and certain facial expressions, while themselves having poor emotion regulation skills (Jansen et al., 2020). The research of cognitive and emotional impairments in obsessive-compulsive disorder shows abnormalities in brain functioning linked to cognitive and emotional tasks (Goncalves et al., 2016). They include inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, as well as feelings of fear and guilt. The studies contribute to the perception of emotional and anxiety disorders as being both cognitive and emotional in their nature. Such disorders as obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and depression are rooted in childhood, with negative cognitive experiences being the underlying cause for their development. Studying these disorders from a cognitive perspective provides new insights into the nature of the human brain and offers new opportunities for treatment.
Introduction According to Kupperschmidt (2000, p. 65), generational differences at the workplace are as a result of differences in goals, expectations and work values. Zemke, Raines and Filipczak, (2000, p.5) define a generation as a group of individuals who share several things, including year of birth, age, location, and significant life events. Cennamo and Gardner (2008, p.896) have provided examples of significant life events which include major political events or threats, socio-economic transitions, and emerging industry trends. There are four distinct generations, namely Baby boomers, Generation X, Y, and Z. However, in the UK, employees in most organisations belong to the Baby boomers generation, Generation X and Y. Baby boomers are individuals born between 1945 and1960. These are the individuals who were born in post World War II era. Haynes (2011, p. 104) notes that Generation X consists of individuals born between 1961 and 1980, while Generation Y are the individuals who were born after 1980. Individuals from both the Baby boomers generation and Generation X mainly occupy high and middle levels of management in organisations, respectively. These positions are based on the age and work experience of the employees from the above generations. On the other hand, Generation Y is made up of junior employees in many organisations. According to Personnel Today (2005), most organisations in the UK mainly rely on project teams to oversee various projects and tasks in the organisation. Project teams are multigenerational in nature and as such, they bring together employees from different generations. Generational Differences and Attitudes towards Teamwork in UK organisations Teams are useful in tackling hard tasks at different organisations. Baby boomers have strong commitment towards work and are keen on meeting strict deadlines as outlined under different tasks. Therefore, Baby boomers working in multigenerational teams are strongly committed to completing the task at hand. They tend to be highly inflexible towards altering deadlines. Additionally, Howe and Strauss (2000, p.40) indicate that Baby boomers view the workplace as fun and counterproductive towards the realisation of the team’s goals and objectives. According to Hammill (2005), Baby boomers prefer working as a team. According to Lyons, (2004, p.13), Baby boomers prefer to work in teams because they are keen on learning new skills in order to enhance their positions in the team in particular and the organisation in general. Furthermore, Murphy( 2010,p.10) states that Baby boomers exhibit a participatory leadership
How can Economic Value Added (EVA) statements be used to improve financial statement reporting, results, and success? What are some problems found with EVA? In order to gauge financial growth and development of a firm, an entity or portfolio, Economic Value Added (EVA) may be used. In this particular measurement, it is presumed that the element of cost is attached to all forms of capital. In addition, shareholders gain value when the cost of capital is lower than the amount being earned. The actual value of EVA is computed by subtracting a capital charge from after-tax net operating profit (NOPAT). The cost of capital and economic profit are put into consideration when assessing EVA. A true value is generated for shareholders when the cost of capital is exceeded by a firm’s return on investment (Salehi, Enayati & Javadi, 2014). It is indeed true that the organizations can benefit from the Economic value Added (EVA) system. To begin with, managers in companies desire to obtain and invest capital with impressive returns at the end of a given trading period. In this regard, EVA can be used by both workers and managers to evaluate and monitor the performance of invested capital funds. In other words, it provides a robust financial management system for any capital injected in a pool of investment (Nicoleta & Munteanu, 2014). When EVA is used to focus on the aspect of growth in capital, two major benefits can be realized. First, it is possible to boost the wealth of investors because fund managers have adequate time and an effective tool to perform the task. Second, managers have an ample opportunity to seek alternative ways of improving EVA due to minimal disruptions occasioned by systematic cost accounting data. Hence, the practice of using EVA enhances awareness among stakeholders especially with respect to efficient utilization of available capital funds. Eventually, shrewd application of EVA produces surplus value to shareholders. Managers can be held accountable when EVA is employed as a financial reporting tool (Samuelson & Marks, 2012). Myriads of economic activities carried out by managers can be appraised using EVA. Examples include financial outlays that appear as footnotes in balance sheets and income statements. The latter is attainable bearing in mind that a single financial statement is created by EVA. Therefore, cross-reference of any financial data can be done promptly. All the related costs incurred in the course of investing the available capital fund may be readily accessed. Hence, every dollar spent by managers can be pointed out. A common decision-making approach is also facilitated by EVA. The latter is particularly crucial when making long-term decisions in organizations. Some of the decision-making platforms where EVA can be instrumental include performance evaluation and resolving budgetary issues (Salehi, Enayati & Javadi, 2014). This measurement can also quantify results using financial terminologies. In addition, continuous financial improvement, quick response to demands from customers and enhancement of operations of a program like Total Quality Manag
Introduction People, who travel to India, are aware of the fact that women’s socio-political status in this country ranges to a significant degree. On one hand, there are many women of high social standing, who were able to become politicians, on the other – the women who belong to the India’s lowest cast “Shudras”, are not even considered as being fully human, with the most essential civil rights being denied to them. Therefore, we cannot really be discussing women’s role in today’s Indian society within a cultural or religious context alone. Apparently, there are deep-seated notions, in regards to women in India, which prompt men to treat them so differently. In order for us to understand what defines gender dynamics in Indian society, we will have refer to the ancient epic of “The Mahabharata”, as such that provides us with the insight on the very essence of such dynamics. It is a commonly assumed fact that Indian society is one of the most conservative societies in the world, which is why the popular attitudes towards women, found in this epic, actually do correspond to today’s reality as well. This paper is aimed at exploring women’s roles in the classical world of “The Mahabharata” as such that correspond to ancient Indian’s understanding of the concept of eugenics. Mahabharata When we begin to read “The Mahabharata”, it cannot escape our attention that there are many parallels can be drawn between how women were being treated in India two thousands of years ago and today. There can be no doubt as to the fact that, at the time “The Mahabharata” was being composed, the majority of women in India were being oppressed, socially and domestically. For example, the epic suggests that woman’s willingness to subject herself fully to its husband constitutes her foremost virtue. There are numerous examples, throughout “The Mahabharata”, of various kings and princes giving women lectures as to how they are supposed to behave. Women are being expected to provide men with a healthy offspring as their primary duty, without regard to whether woman was in the marital relationship or not. In Book V of “The Mahabharata”, King Aswapati impregnates his female servant, because he is convinced that she will give a birth to beautiful and healthy children, whom he intends to adopt, without giving much of a thought about servan