ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now epitomize female stereotypes. Both pieces lack progressive and unconventional women as they are meant for male audiences. They propagate the objectification and domination of women. However, Apocalypse Now – which is more recent – perpetuates these stereotypes even more than the novella. Analysis of Feminism in Heart of Darkness Conrad wrote Heart of Darkness at a time when women were regarded as the inferior sex. Their role was mostly domestic, and they were not considered as persons who had authority or power. These sentiments are echoed in the novel; most females are unnamed, and the few who are named rarely said much in the narrative. Indeed females are not redeemed at all in this piece of work because most are voiceless and powerless to their circumstances. For instance, readers are introduced to two unnamed knitters. One of them speaks with so much naiveté; she imagines that the African wilderness is a comfortable environment. Marlow wonders whether the women are really of the world, and it can, therefore, be asserted that this role depicts women as disengaged from their surrounding. Even the older knitter seems to be more concerned about the knitting rather than with the visitors. After the two knitters, readers are then introduced to Marlow’s aunt. Marlow thinks that his aunt is out of touch and believes that she will never comprehend how things in the Congo really operate. However, as one reads the novella in its entirety, one soon realizes that this was a bias that the main character of the story possessed. Marlow’s aunt had connections, and if it was not for her help, Marlow might never have gained employment. When one critically looks at his aunt’s role in the story, one realizes that this was one of the more powerful women in the story. However, her power is linked to her connections and interactions with men (Conrad, 1.20). Therefore, Conrad is trying to tell readers that women can only be powerful if they derive that power from men. As the main character Marlow interacts with his aunt, he asserts that there is a wall betw
Introduction Postpartum perineal trauma is a common consequence of vaginal delivery; it causes physical and psychological pain effects on a woman. Perineal pain is a significant discomfort for sitting, urinating, defecating, and results in restricted mobility and maternal anxiety. It hurts everyday activities and quality of life and reduces postpartum comfort during primogeniture. This problem is of great clinical significance for nurses since postpartum perineal trauma may last for an extended period and affect mothers’ health and relationship with newborns. Literature Review The article titled Perineal pain severity in postpartum period evaluated six hours and three months after delivery was published in the International Journal of Caring Sciences by two authors, Derya Senol and Ergul Aslan, in 2018. The authors suggest that postpartum perineal trauma is inevitable and causes many implications for women’s health. Thus, the researchers aimed at assessing perineal pain after specific periods after delivery. The cross-sectional, prospective, and descriptive study was conducted at the postpartum ward between 2012 and 2013 among females with relatively low socioeconomic status. The sample size included 105 women who were asked to fill out a form consisting of 45 questions and were summoned to a face-to-face interview (Senol & Ergul, 2018). According to Senol and Ergul (2018), “of 105 women, 52 were primipara and 50 multipara” (p. 1692). All participants voluntarily consented to be a part of the study. First, perineal pain was measured six hours after delivery, while the second evaluation was conducted three months postpartum. The pain resulting from stretching and tearing of the perineal tissues during vaginal delivery affects the physical and psychological state of the woman. Moreover, it strains the relationship between mother and child or is an obstacle to sexual intimacy with their husbands. Such factors as episiotomy, the prolonged second phase of labor, vacuum use, stress, and the weight and position of the baby cause perineal tissue damage and pain. These dysfunctions further lead to genital infections resulting in a lower quality of life for women. Several results were established on the basis of the conducted study. First of all, the authors discussed the use of episiotomy, which was performed during the birth of primiparous women. Moreover, the effect of local anesthesia was also questioned because its use during perineal repair is damaging. The leading cause of trauma remains episiotomy accompanied by perin
Pragmatism and analytic philosophy are considered to be the two famous traditions in American philosophy. Analytic philosophy started its development in the XX century and spread over numerous English-speaking countries in several years. American pragmatism is one of the tendencies, which considerably influenced the rise of analytic philosophy in the whole world. American philosophy attracts the attention of many people and is respected by the other cultures and philosophies. Together, analytic philosophy and pragmatism become one of the most unique American movements, which differ in many ways from European philosophy at one and the same period of time and deserve recognition and respect. Charles Peirce was a father of pragmatism and presented the pragmatic maxim at the end of the 19 century. “Pragmatism, especially in the hands of Peirce, has strong affinities with analytic philosophy and thereby prepared the ground for the latter’s favourable reception from the 1930s onwards.” (Glock 2008) It is necessary to admit that pragmatism was also contrasted with analytic philosophy and even connected to continental one. According to Peirce, pragmatism was a movement that rejected all ideas of subjectivism and underlined the importance of real effects and truth. Taking into consideration that analytic philosophy grounds on the ideas that all arguments are crucially important for people, it is quite possible to unite pragmatism and analytic philosophy and prove their power, sense, and uniqueness. The representatives of American analytic philosophy believe that they can achieve the desirable goals and comprehend the essence of this life be means of analysis of language and respect to all natural science. American people are considered to be rather practical; they prefer to use clear and strong evidences in order to prove their points of view. In such cases, their words will be hardly called in questions, and the vast majority of people will easily accept their ideas. With the help of the ideas taken from natural sciences, their thorough analysis, and concentration of truth, American philosophers can easily present the necessary arguments and amaze the people all over the world. Lots of European philosophers consider pragmatism as the way of how Americans deal with truth, their knowledge, and evidences. They also find out a deep connection between analytic philosophy and pragmatism as they have the same goals, standpoints, and a certain connection to science. Such intentions to grasp the truth and follow only reliable ways during life raise American philosophy considerably. Nowadays, American philosophy is associated with American pragmatism that may easily criticize all traditional philosophical ideas with the help of scientific and even social developments. Lots of people still believe that “pragmatism is the only
Introduction A rights issue is a method of capitalisation where a company offers new shares for sales to the existing shareholders according to their current shareholding proportion. In a rights issue, the existing shareholders have three options:   * Exercise their rights by purchasing all their rights and maintaining their percentage of ownership.   * Sell their rights and receive the proceeds in the form of cash. The shareholders will in this case reduce their percentage of holding.   * Sell a proportion of their rights and use the proceeds to purchase the remaining rights termed as tail swallowing. This option is normally pursued where the shareholders lack enough cash to exercise their rights. Shareholders, therefore, have to make the appropriate choice that would give them the best returns (Graham, B., Dodd, D. L. 1934). Normally, the shares that are given in this issue are sold below the market price of the existing shares i.e., at a discount. The effect of a right issue is the fall in the price of the shares exhibited by a lower theoretical ex- price value. The shares offered in a rights issue will trade at the bourse as other shares after the issue. Lloyd bank group conducted two rights issues in the same year with this being the last of their bid to get £25billion, a situation that reflects the risk attitude of the management. The last issue was a success since more than 90% of the rights were exercised. This issue enabled the company to get more capital of £13.5b billion. In this issue, the investors were given a right of 1.34 new shares for every share held. The new shares were also offered at a discount of 59.5% discount. This bank group gave the shareholders the three possible options. If a shareholder exercises the rights, he/ she will be able to retain his percentage of ownership and at the same time benefit from the discount offered in the sales. The average shareholders who failed to exercise their rights received £315.34 from the bank. This is a move that is justified given the fact that the market price of the shares will be diluted after the placements. At the same time, these investors proportion will decline to make them lose a proportion of their investments and authority in decision making. The two impacts must therefore be mitigated by compensating the investors so that they don’t lose trust in the company. If this is not done, the crowding-out effect may result making the company experience instability Advantages of a rights issue Several advantages are associated with a rights issue. First, the rights issue offers equal opportunities to existing shareholders to purchase the shares. This, therefore, helps avoid the bias of some shareholders discriminating against others. Secondly, the commission charged on rights issues is lower compared to placing new shares. Further, the rights issue targets existing shareholders, therefore, making the cost for a roadshow lower compared to that of
Type and Purpose of the Research The specific type of study was experimental, which is a form of study research in which scholars measure the statistical relationship between variables when manipulating some of them and determining the outcomes of the manipulation. The researchers reasoned that strategies intended to reduce negative affect and boost rapport can improve interracial relationships between mentors and their mentees (Leitner, Ayduk, & Mendoza-Denton, 2018). By using video chats and face-to-face interviews, the scholars changed the degree of participants mutual self-disclosure with the goal of obtaining an improvement of rapport and affect indicators. The study’s purpose was to understand how mentors and mentees within an interracial environment could improve their relationships. This objective is particularly relevant to the interracial relationships because of the previous research indicating that the quality of connections in same-race mentoring was higher than in interracial ones. In addition, the issue of underrepresentation also played a role in defining the study’s purpose as the management and professoriate staff has shown to lack the representatives of racial minorities. Therefore, many mentees of color will have to receive mentorship from white instructors, which may complicate their relationships and limit the desired outcomes of mentorship. Taking into account previous work, the researchers identified that negative affect and poor rapport among individuals were the key contributors to poor mentorship relationships; however, little information is available as to the strategies that can help solve the issues (Leitner et al., 2018). The main research question formulated for the study was whether the performance of mentees and the feedback provided by mentors in interracial mentoring dyads could improve as a result of decreasing negative affect and increasing rapport between the two individuals. Framework The conceptual framework used by the researchers was concerned with the understanding of the impact of rapport and negative affect on interracial mentoring relationships. Negative affect, which is defined as unpleasant or subjective feelings or mood, could present significant limitations to the mentoring process. For example, mentors may exhibit prejudice or racial stereotyping targeted at their mentees, and any constructive criticism would be interpreted as a negative affect in the eyes of an individual of color. In addition, the mere anticipation of being negatively perceived due to race is a significant contributor to adverse psychological outcomes. Rapport represents the degree to which individuals feel a sense of closeness and interconnectedness, and the researchers suggested that it might be lower among interracial dyads. The th
Woman hollering creek is a collection of short stories written by Sandra Cisneros in 1991.The stories are about the experiences of people living on the Mexican and United States border; they want to remain attached to their Mexican heritage but they are also lured by the American lifestyle. The woman hollering creek collection is about sexuality, gender representations, and the role of women and men in the society. The characters are neither Mexican nor American, they undergo various challenges in search of an identity and the writer tries to create an understanding of the lives of the immigrants. Cisneros tends to focus on male dominance and heterosexuality a fact that is not surprising considering that she was the only girl in a family of seven children. She uses the stories to analyze the broken relationships of women and men in their lives. Another writer Junot Diaz explores the same themes on sexuality role of men and women in society and basing their arguments on Mexican American immigrants in a collection of short stories “Drown”. The stories are rather depressing and awful as the writer describes the deformation of ethics, expectations and human activities as a result of the conditions brought about by migration. He explores a society where the fathers have all disappeared and the mothers are left to feed their families. Diaz himself lived through this life and sometimes these stories seem to be an autobiography of his life using other characters. He uses boys to describe the life of growing up in poverty and with no stable family; the young boys are involved in drug peddling and other evils so as to support their families which the fathers have abandoned (Grossman, 8-24) Cisneros seems to have no love for men; she does not have any stable relationship with one, not even her father .She says “For her, men seem to be a utility that a woman turns on and off as required.” (Cisneros, 152) This is undermining the male gender as a whole without even considering class or race because she is a Mexican immigrant who has met men of various classes and races hence she can not be accused of discrimination. Her characters comprise of adolescent teenage girls, frustrated brides,
The London Financial Market The London financial market together with the New York and Tokyo stock exchange is one of the largest and busiest financial markets in the world. A 1995 survey conducted by British International showed that the London foreign exchange market accounted for 30%of global business activities that involved foreign exchange with New York accounting for 16%. Most of the foreign exchange done in the European countries is mostly done in London which accounts for half of the foreign exchange transactions. The average exchange turnover daily in London is greater than that in Frankfurt and Paris. [1] Other than the foreign exchange market, London has dominated the banking sector both locally and internationally. When compared with other countries such as New York, London had already established 521 foreign banks at the end of 1993 with this number increasing to 560 in 1996. New York had 340 foreign banks while France had 170 banks compared to Germany’s 150. [2] London has the third-largest equity market which is evidenced by the many foreign companies listed on the London Stock Exchange. These foreign companies have equities with a turnover that is larger than equities in the New York or Tokyo equity market. The London Stock Exchange in 1997 saw trading of 65% being carried out on foreign equity. Other than banking, foreign exchange, and equity markets, London also boasts of being one of the major centers that are dealing in international bonds. Examples of international bonds are Eurocurrencies and Eurobonds which are mostly for the European market. [3] Energy Industry in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom is one of the most energy-rich countries in the European country, enjoying a wealth of energy resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal and the technical expertise to exploit these resources. In 2000, the expenditure on energy resources amounted to 69.87 billion pounds. The energy industry in the UK is focused on oil, electricity, natural gas, coal, and renewable resources such as wind, solar power, and bio fuels[4]. The oil industry is important to the UK economy as this is the main export item. In 2000, revenue generated from the sale of crude oil and gas liquids was 17.24 billion pounds. The sale of mineral oil amounted to 26.98 billion pounds in the same year5. Oil is vital in the manufacturing industry in the UK as most industries that are concerned with producing food commodities rely on oil to pow
Introduction The emotional development of a person is one of the fundamental aspects of human growth as it impacts his/her life, relations with other people, and the ability to cooperate with peers or colleagues. It is an extremely broad domain, and the formation of the first responses to various stressors starts in early childhood when a child perceives the world around them and tries to express his/her feelings and emotions. Moreover, as far as child psyche is flexible, and can easily adapt to various factors or alterations in the surrounding, this stage of people’s growth is considered extremely important for the formation of the appropriate behavioral patterns and development of the ability to cooperate with other individuals (Santrock, 2018). However, there are also multiple challenges that might be associated with this aspect as the appearance of various deviations, or problematic issues might pose a threat to future socialization. Main body The complexity of the given aspect attracts the attention of various populations. First, specialists working in the sphere and analyzing factors that shape emotional responses emphasize the fact that the formation of the correct representation of emotional development in children is vital for their evolution and growth. However, there is also another powerful actor that employs this theme because of its topicality and importance for people (Santrock, 2018). Media often adds this theme to movies that revolve around the development of a person, his/her relations with peers, and place in the community. Because of the growing popularity of this sphere and its ability to impact broad populations, children’s representation of emotional development becomes significantly affected by media in various ways. For instance, the movie Jack can be considered an example of how the modern filmmaking industry might affect individuals. The main character of this work is Jack, a boy with Werner Syndrome (Mestres & Coppola, 1996). In other words, he is a boy living in the body of an adult man. This characteristic of the main character impacts the whole movie as Jack has to face multiple challenges arising because of his appearance. The film reveals the complexity of his relations with peers who first fail to accept this forty-one-year-old man. However, with the development of the story, they start to use him for various purposes, such as to get adult magazines, deal with bullies, or win a basketball match (Mestres & Coppol
Phelps Hospital offers several inpatient services that include surgery, obstetrics, medicine, physical therapy psychiatry, and pediatrics. It is a community hospital with 235 beds with a 70% occupancy rate. The hospital is facing financial challenges, and both the young and the old physicians present their recommendations to fix these problems. This paper seeks to discuss the financial issues of the hospital, along with the strategies and recommendations to be involved to help resolve the economic problems. The paper also provides the role of the chief medical officer and the chief executive officer. The hospital is facing many financial problems that include a projection of a $3.5 million deficit per year for the next decade. This is due to the reimbursement of Medicaid and Medicare at a lower rate than the current cost of operations. Despite this projection, specialists are demanding more benefits for picking calls for the ED, and additional pay for Medicaid and lower-income patients (Kovner, n.d.). This is a major challenge for the hospital since it has inadequate funds to facilitate these operations. The hospital raises around two to three million dollars through philanthropy per year. This is a challenge for Phelps because the amount of money raised through philanthropy is uncertain, therefore is a recipe for financial problems it is facing. Additionally, it is operating at a lower profit margin of 1.8 percent, which makes it difficult for the hospital to expand its services and grow economically (Kovner, n.d.). As time goes, the costs are increasing with lower reimbursements, and the physicians have made their way to Phelps due to the health benefits and incomes they are guaranteed. These benefits have become a major challenge that creates losses thus bringing financial burden to the facility. Therefore, to address these issues, Phelps needs to implement strategies that will help make healthcare as profitable as possible. With the reimbursements becoming ineffective in covering for the operational resources used in the hospital, a tactic that could help Phelps recover finances is crucial. Overtreatments and unnecessary surgeries at Phelps are a factor the burdens the financial growth. Therefore, an approach that looks into eliminating these poor practice patterns that lead to the wastage of resources is crucial in advancing the economic growth of the hospital (Ginter et al., 2108). Physicians that execute wasteful actions will need to be disciplined by being retrenched or penalized. It will enhance the usage of resources in the most economical way, resulting in savings. This money can be channeled to the employees that stand out in their duties. The physicians who effectively provide high-quality care with minimal resources should receive stipends and increased pay as their compensation (Ginter et al., 2108). On the other hand, the employees should work hastily to cycle through the patients that need care as it could result in more profits. The chief cardiology, Doctor Arthur, presents that quality or thoroughness is not that important to payers, bu