ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction E-business is the newest trend in the high-tech world of business and in the age of intense of globalization. It is a term that applies to a business using the virtual world of computers and the Internet. E-business uses several applications in order to be effective like enterprise resource planning (ERP), the Internet or its private version, the Intranet. First, we define what e-business and e-commerce are. In detailing the history and origin of e-business, Li (2007) said that IBM was the first to mention the word e-business in its advertising program back in the 1990s. E-business, according to the IBM definition, refers to business processes using the Internet as a tool or as a way to conduct business. E-commerce refers to businesses conducted by firms with the use of electronic tools such as computers and the Internet. But in comparing e-commerce and e-business, we can say that the latter has a much broader definition in that its scope includes buying and selling, collaborating or cooperating with partners through the internet, or such other electronic processes. It may also include transactions inside and outside the organization. Most organizations now use tools or computer software that connects the internal departments, or organizations to other organizations. (Li, 2007, p. 9) The application of Information Technology is another process in e-business. Industries use computer software in their processes and in conducting business. Organizations conduct business through the internet and with the application of a software. Businesses conducted through the Internet utilizing emails, chat, virtual shopping carts, is ebusiness (Kurtz, 2009, p. 114; Boone and Kurtz, 2009, p. 215). Rosen (2002) include the word ‘integration’ of products over internet. The question that t
Introduction A business proposal is a written order from a trader to a potential buyer. The proposal can vary in magnitude, or price schedule, to several pages of detailed specifications. In the business selling process, the written proposal is the documents that carry the terms and conditions of an accord linking the purchaser and trader and form the root for a successive business agreement. A proposal becomes a legal and binding document created between the buyer and the seller when a planned offer is acknowledged by the buyer. In a sales situation that is complex, the process of selling would take several weeks, or even years, to be finished. In some instances, offers and counteroffers will go back. The proposals provide an official way for mutually sides to converse in writing during this negotiation. Sometimes Prospective buyers issue a Request for Proposals, or an Invitation for Bids, to guide the sellers and give exact information regarding what products or services they desire. A Request for Proposal is a written document that summarizes specific information about an organization, the services, and products you need, and the specific requirements suppliers must meet to qualify for the business. A written order for a proposal increases the market responsiveness of an organization’s needs, thus increasing the competition to give out those needs and increasing the procedure of the relationship connecting an organization and the supplier. A Request for Proposal A Request for Proposal places the buyer to have power over the desired service levels and associated requirements and tells prospective vendors upfront that the most important concern is the level of customer service you will receive. Requests for Proposal can be a lot of work, but they’re worth it. If someone was planning on purchasing an education management system that one hoped to use for ten years, it makes sense to locate the vendor whose product matches your requests as closely as possible. Project risk management seeks to foresee and address suspicions that make threats to the goals and timetables of a project. The suspicions may comprise questions of objects and parts value; delay in delivery of adequate materials to meet up project needs; budgetary and personnel change; and, incomplete awareness or research. These risks lead quickly to delays in delivery date and budget overages that can be able to severely undermine assurance in the project and the project manager. Given the fact to facilitate project risk management is procedure-oriented, it remains possible to have a flourishing project and an unsuccessful product (for instance, an office building project that meets or beats all points in time, budgetary, and quality requirements yet opens in a miserable real estate market.) While any project accepts a definite level of risk, normal and thorough risk analysis and risk management techniques give out defuse problems before they occur. Risk management The doctrine of project risk management can be affirmed very simply. Any project organization is a subject matter to risks. One which finds itself in a status
Introduction The Coming of Age in Mississippi is one of the most influential pieces in African-American literature born in the period of active fighting for civil rights, against systematic racism and segregation. It was written and printed in 1968 by Anne Moody, a Black civil rights activist, as a form of autobiography. 1 The story takes place in rural Mississippi in the middle of the 20th century and talks about her life’s hardships from early childhood through school and later in her enrollment at the historically black Tougaloo College. 2 The story touches on numerous issues the woman had to face as a civil rights activist, facing systemic racism from white people as well as sexist remarks from her male comrades. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contents of the story, its main characters, and reflect on the changes that have occurred in the past 50 years. Story Summary Anne’s story begins when she is four years old, enough to be able to think and remember things that happened to her. She, her mother, father, and younger sister live in a small plantation shack. Although slavery had been abolished many years ago, the living conditions for the workers did not improve much. None of the sheds they live in has any amenities. The only house in the entire village that has electricity and plumbing is the house of the plantation owners, the Carters. This image demonstrates the inequality still existing between the black workers and their white exploiters. 3 Anne describes the troubles her family went through. Due to a fire burning down their shack, difficulties with money, and other tragedies, father had left the family, forcing her mother to support the children on her own. 4 She switched over six jobs in the past six years, working as a waitress and a maid. Children are often left hungry, as the money is not enough to pay for the rent. This part of the story shows the difficulties that black single mothers had to face during that period. Being uneducated left only the simplest of jobs available, and the lack of child support forced the family to starve. 5 Nevertheless, Anne excels in school, which serves to show that despite the hardships, black people are just as gifted and talented as everyone else. The people Anne works for are friendly, for the most part, except for her late employer, Mrs. Burke, who is a racist and tries to make things difficult for Anne, eventually forcing her out of a job. In her teenage years, Anne’s life revolves around school, where she is very popular among boys, and home since mother manages to remarry to a man named Raymond. Although this marriage alleviates some of the family’s financial struggles, it also brings conflict into the
Introduction Nursing as a profession has undergone significant changes over the centuries. While initially, the job was mostly employing the male population, currently the majority of nurses are female. However, in several areas the number of men has been increasing within the past years, indicating a specific trend. Due to the fact that the industry is experiencing a high demand for nursing professionals, understanding the factors that contribute to the decision-making process of male professionals is crucial. This paper aims to analyze the growth of men in nursing and reasons that facilitate the element. Men in Nursing The United States Census Bureau (2018) presents information regarding male citizens that work in nursing. The majority are engaged in the areas of emergency and critical care due to the specific nature of the work in these departments. Stanley et al. (2016) state that mental health nursing professionals are typically male. The authors state that the reason for choosing these areas is the need to apply specific technology, which serves as a career motivator. Additionally, the majority of healthcare professionals in the military are men. Overall, approximately 174,528 men were working in nursing and other health support occupations in 2016 (United States Census Bureau, 2018). It should be noted, however, that the majority of employees in this area are female. The reasoning behind choosing nursing as a profession for men can have several implications. Firstly, similarly to female nurses, the choice of occupation may be facilitated by a desire to help people by providing them with care. For instance, Kluczyńska (2016) states that the majority of male nurses believe that it is their vocation. Due to the fact that society’s perception and opinion regarding the occupation have changed over the years, it can be hypothesized that male nurses experience less tension when choosing the profession. However, Stanley et al. (2016) state that men prefer less intimate areas of work due to female-related stereotypes connected to particular fields. Therefore, they choose to work in the areas of emergency and critical care, which imply less contact with patients. This provides an understanding that further transformation of the nursing image will enable man to become registered nurses and work without having fears regarding social standards. Secondly, personal reasons and motivation factors should be considered when evaluating the increase of male professionals in particular areas. According to Stanley et al. (2016), income security and other benefits are among the reasons why men choose nursing. However, the reason for selecting the areas identified above is a high technicality of processes. Stanley et al. (2016) state that “technology-rich areas have been found to be an ideal career motivator for men” (p. 1156). This factor motivates male nurses to work in mental health. Finally, external factors, such as previous occupat
The stories of Mayblum and Bah were written on 9/12 of 2001 and starting with 3/24 2005 accordingly. They feature the events that happened during and after 9/11. Mayblum presents a detailed description of his evacuation from WTC in New York, and Bah documents her arrest in East Harlem, interrogation and imprisonments due to the suspicions of her being a suicide bomber. Both stories target average Americans. Mayblum’s story is structured to demonstrate the events from a witness and a victim present in one of the Towers, but unaware of what was happening. Bah’s story captures the audience by emphasizing her total innocence and lack of understanding of the reasons for such harsh treatment from the side of the government. The stories’ key and tone are similar, but their chronological length is different. Bah employs subheadings to divide her long story into parts and themes, while Mayblum’s writing is an undivided essay. “The Price We Pay” by Adam Mayblum and “An Oral History of Adama Bah” by Adama Bah contain the descriptions of the lives of these two people before and after the tragedy, the ways they suffered were different, but the common trait of the stories is that neither of the authors had anything to do with the people who arranged the disaster of 9/11, their people are completely innocent. Both of the stories are written to pass the knowledge about the tragedy and make the world realize how many innocent lives this tragedy hurt or took away. The perception of the outcomes of 9/11 is very different from the sides of both authors. At the end of his story, Mayblum states that “the very moment the first plane was hijacked, democracy won” (par. 13). However, the story of Bah demonstrates that the treatment of Muslim people in the USA of that time was far from democratic, she writes, “even though everything is said and done, I still live in fear of federal
Hypothesis The main objective of mobile forensics is to obtain information from mobile devices with the intention of coming up with strategies for enhancing them. Although they can simplify daily lives of many through facilitating communication and entertainment, these devices can also incorporate the highest level of security risks to both individuals and organizations in the way they are used. Consequently, they are also considered to be important tools when tracking crimes and criminals. This research is being conducted with the aim of determining the validity of the stated tools on blackberry forensics. As the revolution in the technological world continues to shape the modern world, more refinements to enhance the user’s interests and tastes have come in handy. Thus, mobile telephony devices have been not left behind. They are being developed each day with enhanced features such as camera, personal digital assistance and the global positioning systems. Although these features have been tailored to meet user’s needs, they have simplified criminals activities of committing crimes without being physically being available at the crime scene. Moreover, it has challenged the abilities of law enforcers to track down them as they can predict the movements of the police using modified technologies. The null hypothesis in this case therefore, states that the tools used in mobile forensics are not effective as the authorities have not yet managed to combat these crimes. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, indicates that these tools are effective and only need to be updated with the changing technology. Expected Results In this research, it is not possible to come up with an ultimate and unequivocal conclusion. This owe to the fact that the tools used in mobile devices tracking are evolving on a daily basis, with the changing technology. This is why the challenge of security is on the rise even as new methods of curbing this challenge are being developed. The mobile device developers create new ideas daily for the purposes of improving communication, while criminals, on the other hand, are using these devices to improve on their crime rates. Besides, each group employs creativity, in ensuing that the technology invented advances its interests. In conclusion to this research, it would be appropriate to consider the null hypothesis since most of the proofs obtained indicate that the crime resulting from using mobile devices is outdoing the intended application. This explains why forensic personnel need to go back to the drawing table and come up with new methods of curbing mobile crimes besides the use of the mobile devices. Alternatively, these experts have the option of studying the operations of the criminals keenly and come up with measures to counter these operations. This means that they should develop different strategies for dealing with crimes such that if one strategy fails a backup strategy is recalled.
There is a division between the followers and non-followers of senior administrator of the Customer Support Department in a supermarket. This paper will analyze the job responsibilities and attitudes of different employees having impact upon their individual functioning in the team and offer recommendations for improving their motivation, team spirit, job satisfaction and productivity. Jessica is a senior administrator of the Customer Support Department in a supermarket. Picking up the relationship-based leadership style, she attempts to find an individual approach to each of the administrators. Jessica considers the personal needs and family circumstances of her subordinates when making up a schedule for the whole department. However, sympathizing with each of the employees, she may lose the control over the situation because some of the administrators may misunderstand her intentions, thinking that she may lack authority and leadership qualities. Jessica is the most competent and experienced of all administrators. However, her competence is acknowledged not by all the members of the team. She is highly motivated and optimistic about the innovations and change processes within the company and tries to encourage the rest of the team to share her vision. Jessica is the first to learn how to work with an innovative database and provides support to the rest of the team when it is necessary. Still, some of her subordinates understate her support and try to challenge her competence and authority. Ann is one of the administrators of the sales zone who does not acknowledge the authority of the senior administrator and makes attempts to doubt Jessica’s competence. A
For this assignment, name network and chain network analysis of @moleskine Twitter data were conducted. Overall, network analysis is intended to visualize the relationship patterns among different users (Netlytic, 2015). It incorporates two basic components: nodes, which represent users, and edges, which represent connections among them. During visualization, nodes take the form of dots, while edges take the form of lines. Name networks show who mentioned whom, and @moleskine network (Figure 1) comprised 846 names and 673 ties. Chain networks demonstrate who replied to whom, and this @moleskine network (Figure 2) consisted of 260 links. Figure 1. Name network shows the clusters of users who mentioned @moleskine in their posts. The largest node in the network is Moleskine, which indicates that it is the targeted participant of interest (indegree: 172, outdegree: 0). Figure 2. Chain network demonstrates the patterns of direct interactions among users. The biggest size of the node indicates that Moleskine received the most significant number of replies (indegree: 62, outdegree: 0). The presented name and chain networks are slightly different regarding structure. Firstly, the number of edges is higher in name network, which means that users tend to mention @moleskine in their messages more often than engage in direct communication with it. There is also a more significant number of name clusters that are not tied to the central node in this network (those users mentioned Moleskine through #). However, the biggest node clusters seem to be more centralized in chain network, which means “there are a few central participants who dominate the flow of information” (Netlytic, 2018, para. 10). At the same time, considering the difference in the number of included nodes, it is possible to say that the level of reciprocity among users in two networks is approximately the same. As it was mentioned above, Moleskine is the most influential node within both indegree-based networks. It mainly happens due to the popularity of the company as a brand. Other users frequently mention it in their messages because they like to share experiences related to Moleskine products. As for outdegree representations, @clickmeeting is the most influential in chain network (Figure 3). It is a company specialized in providing webinar services to other businesses. @clickmeeting’s high outdegree value is not surprising, and it is possible to presume that the company mentions other users in messages and replies to them to increase its media presence and consolidate rapport with partners/customers (Vega, 2017). In name network, @angela24192678 and @ZBITDA are among those with the highest outdegree values (7) and the lowest indegree rates (0) (Figure 4). These are the personal pages of users, and their centrality values can be primarily defined by the overall character of their social media activity. These users frequently retweet other users’ posts and share a broad range of experienc
The divisional structure, also known as the decentralized one, improves the motivation of employees and control of operations in different locations. A major feature of a divisional structure is the clarity of accountability. Managers are responsible for their own departments. Top management clearly delegates powers and managers and employees immediately know how they perform, which is an advantage over the functional structure. Researchers have found that the performance of teams and corporations are more enhanced in divisional than functional. This structure encourages employees to work harder, for the company and for their careers. Managers have firm control of their own divisions, which encourages a competitive internal environment and business development (David, 2011). When General Motors preferred divisional over centralized form in the 1920s, it surpassed Ford Motors, which had a heavily centralized structure (Bao & Wang, 2011). The divisional structure also has disadvantages. Firms dislike it because it is costly. Each division needs employees who are especially knowledgeable on certain functions, and employees of this caliber are highly paid. Another reason is that duplication of employee functions is possible, in which functional specialists have to coordinate their efforts to their counterparts at headquarters. Additionally, managers have to be highly qualified, and this needs more funds from headquarters (David, 2011).