ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An organisation is a group of people who work together with coordinated efforts to achieve certain objectives or goals. Organisational goals and objectives are of various categories and it is this variation of the goals and objectives which classify organisations into three main categories namely profit making; service based and social responsibility based organisations (Murray, Poole, & Jones, 2006). Management is about planning, coordinating and controlling organisational resources so as to facilitate the achievement of organisational goals and objectives in an efficient and effective manner. The nature of management therefore only allows for the top leadership of an organisation to act as the drivers of the organisation in a way which facilitates the organisation to achieve its goals and objectives, including the management of organisational change (Lewis, 2007). Organisational strategy refers to the processes, procedures and operations which an organisation must undertake in order for it to attain its set goals and objectives within a given period of time. An organisation’s strategy comprises its mission, vision and core values. Human resource development refers to the activities and processes which are intended to have an impact on organisations and individual learning needs so as to ensure the survival and success of the organisations. Human resource development can be enhanced through training, which is an organized process concerned with the acquisition of the capability to perform certain tasks and the maintenance of that capability. The human resource development frame work is composed of four components namely needs assessment, design, implementation and evaluation. This frame work is applied in the integration of organisational strategy with its human resource development. In order for an organisation to attain its goals and objectives in a timely manner, there is the need to integrate both its strategy with human resource development. Integrating the two enables an organisation to move forward in a fashionable manner. In fact, the two occur as a continuum, that is, one is a pre-requisite of the other, meaning that for an organisation to develop and implement its strategy, it has to involve its staff. The staffs are the drivers of the strategy. On the other hand, the employees cannot do a lot in the absence of a strategy. In other words, human resource development is an essential part of development and implementation of an organisational strategy. Human resources play a very crucial role in enabling organisations meet their objectives. Human resources mainly comprise employees and the management of organisations, who interact at various levels while undertakings their responsibilities. Organisations exist in a dynamic social, political, financial, technical and technological environment. This dynamism obliges them to adapt to the changes so as to remain in business (Hayes, Wheelwright & Clark, 1988). One way of adapting to the dynamism is through organisational lea
Michelle Kwan is an American figure skating champion who was born in Torrance, California in July 7, 1980. Kwan’s parents are Danny and Estella Kwan and Kwan is their third-born child. Kwan’s parents were originally from Hong Kong, China but they immigrated to the United States sometimes in 1970. When Kwan was growing up, she spoke both Cantonese and English languages. Kwan was introduced to skating at the tender age of five when she followed her elder siblings to the local skating rink. By the time Kwan was seven years old, she won her first skating championship and she thereby decided to pursue the sport in a professional capacity. Michelle Kwan is an inspiration to both young and old Asian Americans and Americans around the world. Kwan is one of the most avid figure skaters of this century. After Kwan won her first championship, she procured the services of a professional skating coach. Kwan is also the youngest figure skating champion in the sport’s history. Furthermore, Kwan has won a series of successive World Championships beginning in the year 1996. Kwan’s tally of nine championship medals still stands as the record in the United States’ skating championships. After her initial disappointments in the competitive circuit, Kwan was able to repackage her competing style. This new style was responsible for Kwan’s superb performance in the 1998 Olympics. As a child, Kwan followed a strict training regimen and this enabled her to become a world-class athlete. As a child, Kwan would follow her elder brother, an aspiring hockey player, and her sister, an aspiring figure skater to the local training rink. The trio would arrive at the rink everyday at 5am and then practice for two hours before proceeding to school. The siblings would come back to the same rink in the evening and practice for a few more hours. This dedication was extra ordinary because none of the other children at the time would give up rest, play, and television viewing among other activities to train for a rather unpopular sport. The figure skater’s initial dedication and discipline have acted as trailblazers in her successful skating career. As a child, Kwan embraced a competitive stance, as she was able to compete against her sister. Outside of the figure skating ice fields, Miss Kwan has also made her mark in the society. The Asian American community took note of Kwan’s contributions to the society by awarding her with the “History Makers Award” th
Introduction In modern society, women’s sexuality has been exploited and commercialized into an acceptable vice that silently portrays women as sex objects. The development of the pornographic industry in its current state has been modified into a lifestyle of perceiving the female gender as sex toys to entertain men (DeKeseredy & Corsianos, 2015). For instance, the first published porn material in 1800 in a book called Memoirs of a Woman Pleasure displayed erotic pictures describing women’s sexual acts (Burr, 2015). Another interesting material was a short video clip produced in 1896 called Le Coucher de la Marie , which was laden with the agenda of depicting women as more than willing sex toys for the entertainment of men (Marston, 2018). The explosion of depicting women’s sexuality occurred in the 1960s as movie theatres opened doors for explicit sexual content (Malamuth, 2014). The trend climaxed with the internet era, which transformed viewing of women’s sexual exploitation from public to private. At the moment, anybody can view pornography just by a click of a button (DeKeseredy & Corsianos, 2015). There is a need to reduce female sexual aggression as influenced by these pornographic materials. Main body Reflectively, feminists argue that the erotic display of women is immoral and generally creates a negative perception of women’s sexuality. For instance, feminists note that unending competition from producers of female sexual content materials contributes to male dominance and verbal abuse of the female gender (Pitzulo, 2014). As a result, the soaring aggression and resultant degradation make women uncomfortable (Malamuth, 2014). For example, the Playboy has attracted heated debate on the definition of beauty of a woman on the basis of ‘sexiness’ and ability to please men (Marston, 2018). Moreover, many feminists are of the opinion that the sex life of women is affected greatly by the aggressive images in the public domain as a result of negative stereotyping (Burr, 2015). This position is supported by evidence from research carried out in the UK in 2017 on pornography and women’s sexuality (Marston, 2018). The findings revealed that the perception of ‘sexiness’ has heaped pressure on the female gender to conform to male fantasies. I concur that the negative agenda driven by these sexual images has contributed to the increasing incidences of gender-based sexual violence and degradation of the womenfolk (Malamuth, 2014). I opine that there is a need to change the inverted view of the female gender as sexual objectors to tame the ever-i
Product description in terms of repositioned target market demographics through US Census data In 2012 approximately 71 million customers went bowling. The total percentage of patrons who participated in the bowling League was 3.5% (Hansell, 2013). Consequently, one can deduce that open bowling, as a repositioning strategy, is a more lucrative alternative than a league or special events bowling, as was the case in the past. Also, figures for 2012 indicate that among the 5,200 bowling centers in operation within the US, only 50 centers were built in that year alone. Most of the remaining facilities were renovated to incorporate new trends in the industry. These newly constructed centers often provide a mix of recreational alternatives like video games, bumper cars, or wall climbing. A number of them have occupied big-box spaces as well as unconventional venues. A case in point is the combination of resorts, casinos, and bowling facilities. The 5000 or so centers that existed prior to 2012 now describe themselves as upscale complexes. Here, one is likely to find stylish furniture, classy restaurants, and even private party rooms. Additionally, the bowling alleys that had been built years ago, and are no longer in existence, were changed to retail stores or other business ventures. These changes came about as a result of the strong commercial development that took place in those areas. 75% of all the bowling facilities have enjoyed an increase in operating margins in 2012. This is a result of the use of new technology, intense customer focus as well as diversification of the entertainment activities available to the clients. Now bowling businesses target families; they achieved this by aggressively marketing their programs. Total revenues in the entire industry are $6 billion. Several facilities also reported an increase in beverage and food sales within their premises. This indicates that most people tend to prefer eating from the same place as the bowl. It is likely that the current repositioning strategy can be taken to a foreign market, where it can facilitate success there. Types of research needed to reposition this service Exploratory research on the attitudes and level of awareness of Ghanaian consumers will show the general condition of the service in the country. Through surveys of consumers, one can assess their opinions on the service. It would be essential first to determine whether buyers are aware of the sport and then deduce what their attitude towards it could be. Research on customer awareness is also critical because it allows the company to determine which qualities customers look for in the service. For instance, some may want a plush restaurant near the arcade, while others may
Introduction The public interest concept is often referred to the notion of general well-being and common welfare. It is essential for any policy debate, and any politician who is struggling for the votes uses this notion as the central pivot for the election campaign and political debates. Main body This concept of public interest is discussed by lots of policy researchers, and it is claimed, that public interest concept is the central one for the democratic leader. This concept is often divided into objective and subjective: objective is usually defined as the current situation, while subjective – is the opinion of how the total image should look like. In Amy Klobuchar’s “Uncovering the Dome” the notion of public interest is closely connected with the large scale project building of Hubert Humphrey Metrodome stadium. It is argued, that the building of this stadium is among the interests of the citizens, while the objective is that it discovers the chaotic principles of American policy, and the fact, that different politicians use different concepts of public interest. Actually, the precise level of public interest to any project may be measured only by sociological survey, as any other considerations will be approximate. The fact is that, the public attitude towards any particular project is different, as different, the interests are. The measuring of Public Interest was involved into the stadium controversy to the extent of showing the obvious difference in the interests of the citizens. Thus, some of them claimed the stadium should be built, as it would increase the general welfare (because of the incomes from the ticket sells), the others argued, that this project would decrease the well-being, as the expenses for the building would be too high. Consequently, this project became the matter of political manipulations, as the politicians, in order to win more voters, took either positive or negative position towards the building of the stadium. Arguing on the matters of the model of political power it is necessary to mention the following fact: the attitude towards the described events is different. Some consider them the elitist snobs, while other regard them as the pluralist leaders. The main difference of these two models is in the approach to the state regulation: thus, in the elitist model only the restricted group of people (elite) takes all the necessary decisions. These people have the most wealth, power, authority influence and other factors attributed to elite. Consequently, all the decisions are taken to support the interests of the elite. The pluralist model stands for the notion, that the ruling group is neither with the electorate, not with the elite. Frequently, the political power is distributed with particular interest groups (trade unions, business organizations etc). It is obvious, that interest groups have their own interests, which may not coincide. However, the interest groups often represent the interests of the wider public. The ev
Executive Summary The marketing mix of Uber in the UAE market is based on the combination of marketing strategies that focus on product, promotion, place, and price. The approach to product is characterized by high quality and a wide variety of services. The price strategy, however, does not involve cost leadership, but the pricing is understandable to the customer. Uber is not currently present across the whole country, limiting its service only to Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Promotion strategies are based on targeting separate segmented populations utilizing different media channels. Although the overall assessment of Uber’s marketing strategy in UAE proves that it has been successful, several recommendations would help to maintain and improve the brand’s position. It is suggested to sustain the experiential marketing approach along with the development of a discount system and reaching other cities of the country. Introduction People in UAE cities are highly dependent on transportation due to the peculiarities of the urban environment, which includes wide highways, extensive metropolitan areas, and limited pedestrian infrastructure. Such cities as Abu Dhabi have complex public transport systems, including metro, tram, bus, and ferry services. Still, the majority of the local and visiting population prefers various methods of car travel such as a private or rented car, taxi, or car-sharing, which are also highly accessible due to low fuel costs. After coming to such an environment in UAE, Uber services quickly became popular successfully competing with a range of other companies. Such advancements can be explained with a variety of marketing strategies. Baker (2016) defines two main elements of a brand’s success – the decision where to compete (target market choice) and the design of a corresponding marketing mix. The latter was first proposed by McCarthy and included four essential components (4 ‘Ps’): product, promotion, place, and price (Baker, 2016). The success of Uber in the UAE market is determined by effective marketing actions regarding each of the scopes with an emphasis on product quality and variety. Body of Proposal Uber Marketing Mix in the UAE Product Uber offers a variety of services under a single brand name that is mostly based on connecting customers and drivers via the mobile app. The services include ride-hailing, food delivery, car sharing, and carpooling. These services can be customized according to customer’s demand (ranging from UberX to UberBLACK) covering the groups of populations with different incomes. UberCHOPPER is a service available in Dubai that offers a helicopter ride over the city. Uber emphasizes the importance of quality of its services, which is achieved through strict requirements to drivers and their vehicles, a serious approach to training, and customer-friendly policies. Besides offering services of high quality, Uber uses a variety of features that make the product more attractive to customers, such as real-time details, scheduled rides, and split fares. The design of the apps is developed to enhance practicality. Such features as location determination, one-click payment, and real-time map make the
Population density is defined as the number of people living in a specific geographical area (Rylander, 2006). The higher the population density there is, the higher human activity that geographical activity will have. This explains why densely populated areas exert more pressure on the immediate environment, which includes the natural resources and the infrastructural resources. Some of the growing concerns associated with population density include heightened pollution, decreasing territorial space and crime as different people try to use the resources in the specific environment to cater for their respective needs. Noise is simply defined as the unwanted sounds that people are exposed to in their immediate environment (Oomen & Zhao, 1998). With some people living in noisy areas, the effect that the noise has on them is usually detrimental to their long-term hearing capabilities. Evaluating the hazards associated with noise pollutions are determined by several measures; 1) the loudness of the noise; 2) the period of exposure; 3) type of the noise (continuous, intermittent or impulse. The admissible noise levels in most countries are rated at 90 decibels. In most populated areas, the noise levels falls well below the 90 decibels mark. The subway noise is rated at 90 decibels, while city traffic produces 85 decibels of noise. A normal conversation between two or more people produces 60 decibels of noise, while one’s living room, with some of the media moderately adjusted to the right noise volumes is rated as having 40 decibels of noise. Excessive noises in densely populated areas could include jet engines which can produces as high as 140 decibels of noise while travelling at 75 feet, chainsaws (110 decibels). At 120 decibels, the ear becomes irritated by the noise and one could even experience some pain (Oomen &Zhao, 1998). There is evidence that people exhibit negative responses such as dissatisfaction, annoyance and disturbances) when subjected to noise (Job, 1996). However, it is notable that people have different tolerance levels to noise and hence react differently to the same intensity of noises. The effects of noise on the health of people within the same geographical area depend on the noise type. According to Job (1996) impulsive noise creates more reaction from people as opposed to non-impulse noise, while intermittent noise was found to have a greater effect than loud, continuous noise. Individuals exhibit both psychological and physiological responses to noise. However, Rylander(2006) notes that an individuals reaction to noise are influenced by a person’s susceptibility to the same. That means that people who are highly sensitive to noise are more attentive to the same, tend to discriminate different noises more, and also find specific types of noises more threatening (Veitch, 1995). As a result, they are slower in adapt
Introduction James Averdieck readily acknowledges the competitive nature of the food industry in Britain. Large multinationals daunt the industry thus are not ready to search for new customers. Therefore, making entries into new markets is rather intricate. In the past seven years, GU has made significant progress in establishing its market niche by elevating its ability to enter new marketplaces thus rapidly expanding revenues (Averdieck 2011). The management established that most customers buy their products from supermarkets and retail shops. The most effective way to market product entails linking up with strategic partner, advertising and ensuring that product quality does not depreciate. Overview of the organisation GU chocolate company focuses on the fabrication of confectionary products with puds as the main product. Launched in 2003, the entity has grown admirably. This is attributable to resilience of the management. GU, which had three products, at the beginning has turned its fortunes around by rapidly expanding its product portfolio and now boasts of a wide variety of products. The subsequent founding of Fru, which is a sibling company, has helped GU to assert its influence in the market. Their product includes mousses, cakes, chocks and other delicacies that are a preserve of the adults. Marketing of chocolate is very sensitive to packaging (Averdieck 2011). A professional management team led by James the founder of the institution heads the entity. Their experience will count in trying to market their brand in a market that is very competitive. The expansive range of product that GU deals with helps in establishing its niche since it provides a large variety of products. The entity’s main strength lies in its experienced management and expanding market share. The main challenge to this organisation is competition and the need to maintain appropriate quality (Perner 2008). For GU to survive the entity needs to offer more than what other ordinary Chocolate company’s offer. Target market Consumers of Chocolate Puds are adults. Such a target market has disposable income hence pricing should be moderate. Due to the product range, this entity offers, it can segment its market. GU’S customers are available in many countries in Europe (Averdieck 2011). Marketing will assist GU to make an entry in new lucrative markets. Marketing Goals GU puds aim at expanding its market share, a process that will require the management to enact several measures. To achieve an expanded market share, GU will have to launch an audacious advertising campaign that will draw new customers. Winning a significant fraction of the market will require creation a noticeable brand name to counter competit