ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nature is an important part of humankind. Yet nobody has ever given us a concrete understanding of what nature is. We all have different meanings associated with nature. We praise nature when something good happens and yet we blame nature when something bad happens. Some people associate nature with divinity with such words as gods and spirits. This essay analyzes the work of William, Ideas of Nature, to see show how well he scores in his journey to help us understand what nature is and its relation to mankind. Ideas of Nature By saying that “the idea of nature contains an extraordinary amount of human history,” (Williams, 1980), the author wants to show that, though when defining nature most of the times we tend to separate humankind from other physical elements of nature, for as to understand nature, we have to look into our human history. It is the things that we believe in, things that we do, things we know and we cannot separate our understanding of nature from the human aspect of it. Nature as a Singular, Abstract and Personified principle The writer says that nature is a ‘singular, abstracted, and personified principle’ (Williams, 1980). This means that, at some point, people started looking at nature as one entity as opposed to the various interpretations that it had been associated with. They were able to separate it from its components and looked at it on its terms rather than as an extension of such physical things as ‘spirits of wind and sea and forest and moon’ (Williams, 1980). Instead of trying to look at it physically, they developed a more metaphorical meaning of nature as something intangible and only conceptual; that exists only in the abstract. They were able to give nature a concrete meaning with certain attributes specific to it as opposed to identifying it with anything else; it was an entity on its own and the physical elements only in it. The diverse ideas of nature William’s description of nature as ‘red in tooth and claw’ to portray nature as heartless and purposeless can be represented by a mad dog with its teeth and claws covered with the blood of its prey and showing its satisfaction by the killing. He also describes nature as a ‘ruthlessly competitive struggle for existence’ (Williams, 1980), meaning that nature makes it hard for life o exist and for one to exist he has to fight cold-bloodedly with other organisms which are also referred to as the war of nature; survival is for the fittest and if you don’t compete painstakingly you will be locked out of the world. This situation may be likened to the life of a wild beast where since infancy it has to adapt to being hunted by hungry predatory animals and have to learn how to run fast enough and to feed for itself. Failure to adapt, those who are more powerful and mightier will survive at your expense. When he talks of nature as an ‘Extraordinary interlocking system of mutual advantage’, (Williams, 1980) can be seen in grazers where the grazers depend on the grass to survive while the grass benefits from the animal droppings t
Texting while driving is more dangerous than driving under the influence of substance abuse or alcohol. Researchers argue that drivers who text while driving have higher chances of crashing into other vehicles, running over pedestrians, and injuring their passengers. Although different literatures have argued that banning texting while driving saves lives, studies that fully address on this issue are rare and few. Objectives The proposal paper seeks to reveal how banning texting while driving saves lives, and outlines the measures that can be adopted to reduce on the related accidents. To address on the impacts of texting while driving, and to identify whether the government recommendations to outlaw the act are effective, this paper undertakes a survey on our current road safety measures. Through this proposal paper, researchers will be able to cover on the areas an unaddressed by the previous researches. Equally, the paper will investigate whether the absence of substantial statistics is to be blamed for the slow implementation of the policies aimed at reducing accidents resulting from texting while driving. Methods To achieve the goals of the objectives proposed above, a comprehensive case study needs to be conducted on the risks of texting while driving and how the prohibition of the act will save lives. Through this case study, drivers, pedestrians, traffic police, and other transportation stakeholders are to be interviewed. Likewise, to obtain comprehensive results, the case study must analyze data from different sources. In this regard, researches have to make use of academic journals, relevant books, related literatures, EBSCO, websites, and police records. By doing so, the case study will not only collect several views on how to enforce effective measures to reduce on the situation, but also come up with relevant recommendations. In addition, the case study will enable researchers identify if the proposed method of checking drivers’ phone records has been effective, and how this act infringes on their privacy. Discussion The information collected through this case study will be of interest to the researchers, traffic police officers, passengers, and the drivers. Since the government is interested in reducing road accidents through legislation of appropriate traffic laws, the government also will show an interest in the outcomes obtained in this case study. Using the collected information, the government can come up with appropriate laws and measures that are to be implemented by all road users. Similarly, through this study, the government can examine whether all the previous policies implemented have attained their desired goals. By reading this case study, road users will realize that te
Prior to Maoist China, Chinese theater performed using old Beijing style of performance commonly referred to as Beijing opera. 1 However, before and during Mao’s era, there were Red Classics in China. According to Liu, Red Classics constitute a body of literary and artistic works regarding the Chinese revolution before the People’s Republic of China (the 1920s-1940s), and the massive cultural production between the 1950s and 1970s. 2 Extensively, the Cultural Revolution era (1966-976) canonized Red Classics into Eight Revolutionary Model Plays . Notably, some individuals who participated in the Cultural Revolution did not like Chinese classics such as Beijing operas; however, they admitted to having learned a lot from the era. 3 This essay paper argues that Mao adopted an elite form of performance (Chinese classical) to legitimize his regime, establish ideological and cultural leadership, create a new language, and promote the government’s propaganda among the people. The Red Classics’ vicissitudes indicate the cultural logic of revolutionary hegemony during the Maoist era. The new government embraced revolutionary hegemony to legitimize Mao Zedong’s reign. 4 Notably, Red Classics were dominant in China’s cultural arena following promotions by consumers and stated popular culture sectors during the Maoist era. Specifically, government institutions published and sold new editions and reprints of Red Classic novels. Besides, many novels were adapted into films and TV series. Considerably, the restaging of Revolutionary Model Plays earned high viewer ratings, massive book sales, and box office profits. 5 Mao wanted to build literacy and cultural cannon through a well-planned production. He considered the establishment of communal revolutionary work as an essential aspect of the Cultural Revolution. 6 Notably, Mao did not only view arts and literature as merely tools subsidiary to politics and reflections of the social reality but also emphasized on their cultural centrality in the Chinese revolution and as important in re
Abstract The rise of temporary help service industry and its effects on the society has become a major concern to sociologists and other social scientists. A number of scholars have conducted studies on this topic. In their book The Good Temp, Vicki Smith and Esther Neuwirth try to tackle the subject of temporary labor market. The major reason why they wrote the book is to help people gain a better understanding on ‘temp’ work and employment relations. They gathered their information from an observation practice conducted in an agency in Silicon Valley. In addition, the book contains 263 articles on temporary employment. The articles are drawn from business journals published between 1960 and 1968. Smith and Neuwirth’s study is a significant addition to the literature on temporary employment. However, the study has its unique limitations. Different scholars also express their views on the study. In the current paper, the author analyzes the topics covered in the book and provides a summary of some of the sources of data used. A Critical Review of The Good Temp by Vicki Smith and Esther B. Neuwirth For the longest time, sociologists have been concerned with the rise of the temporary help industry (Cao & Leung, 2010). They have raised questions on its consequences in relation to managerial dynamics, insecurity in the job market, and employees’ outcomes. A number of studies on temporary employment have been conducted by different scholars over time. They address the issues of the levels of salaries paid to the workers, the benefits provided by employers, and the prevailing job structure. However, less is known about how the temporary help industry has re-devised impermanent employment over the past five decades (Cao & Leung, 2010). In addition, there is no clear explanation on how the industry continues to grow in contemporary society. The Good Temp is an effort by Smith and Neuwirth (2008) to address these less known issues. The book makes an important contribution to the understanding of contingent work and employment dynamics. The Good Temp is s
Introduction Functional Analysis of KV1.2 and Paddle Chimera Kv Channels in Planar Lipid Bilayers is a scientific article written by Xiao Tao and Roderick MacKinnon and devoted to the role of voltage-dependant K + channels during the process of shaping electric signals in excitable and nonexcitable cells. The peculiar feature of these channels is that they can be open and close depending on any voltage changes, which may happen within the cell membrane. The authors of this article analyze two different atomic structures: the first one is of a mammalian Kv channel (Kv 1.2) and the second one is of a mutant Kv channel (where Kv 1.2 is transferred into Kv 2.1), also called ‘paddle chimera’. One of the major purposes of this research is to find out the differences and similarities of Kv 1.2 and Kv 2.1 channels’ properties and functions. It is necessary to admit that there are lots of different studies, which attempt to analyze this voltage-sensing mechanism. This very issue is considered to be one of the most frequent subjects of study in biology, medicine, and electrophysiology. Electrophysiology aims at determining the functions of the paddle chimera channel and Kv 1.2 channel, defining their similarities and differences, and describing the properties, which are inherent to both channels. With regard to a cell biological process, it is obligatory to mention that scientists want to analyze electrical signaling and clear up how exactly a protein may sense the voltage of membrane. Lots of scientists spend much time to answer this question, however, the results were quite unclear; this is why the authors of this work make an attempt to conduct the researches in their laboratories and give a clear answer and present the analysis of Kv 1.2 and Kv 2.1 (paddle chimera) channels in the frames of planar lipid bilayers. They determine the structures of both channels in order to get an opportunity to find out their functional properties. The authors also acknowledge the participation of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in their investigation. This point proves that the ideas, presented in this article, are also important to the sphere of medicine. The results of this research play a significant role in biology, electrophysiology, and medicine, so that it is possible to say that this investigation means a lot for people in the world and for their safe and healthy future. The major point is that is the investigations do not harm to any human being, bring certain results, and make contribution into the science, such investigations are really significant and cannot be neglected. Methods and Results The authors choose three different methods to analyze the functions and changes, which happen within these two channels, and call them prote
Abstract As Islamic project finance expands in influence and capacity, it works frequently with traditional economic systems, regimes, transnational projects and global institutions. The rising Islamic project finance and the global system of project financing are transforming one another while revolutionizing the global economy. This mutualism between systems cannot be seen as easy customization of increased Islamic practice by structures dictated by the western world, but an upgraded chain of joint control and mental adjustment, which could materialize into a worldwide process of shared understanding and teamwork. In the past decade, there was a record explosion of private project funding, more so, in the infrastructure expansion, which opened up prospects for Islamic banks and related establishments. The expansion was subsequent to improved government objectives and a compelling desire for infrastructural ventures. There is a need to clearly understand the value of solvency while trying to incorporate Islamic finance into the mainstream economic realm. The probability of making capital resources from Islamic nations is massive, bringing into context the high demand for infrastructure requirements in the Middle East and North
Introduction In this paper, I have used Toyota as the name of the organization that is involved in the manufacturing of hybrid cars under the trade mark Toyota Prius. Toyota Prius manufacturing plants are located in Japan and China. Europe is the main market for its hybrid car. Europe command 48% demand for Toyota Prius. The paper outline the company mission statement as well as the objectives it seek to achieve in the automobile market. In this paper the strategies to achieve total quality management in all functions has been discussed. The various guiding principles are also highlighted. The paper also discusses ISO certification, its pros and cons if obtained by Toyota. The procedures of obtaining ISO certification are discussed in details. Finally, the paper discusses the quality tool used by the company to resolve the present problem detected in Toyota Prius hybrid car. Total Quality Management (TQM) TQM is referred to as a set of activities applied by the organization in order to manufacture quality products. The products must be produced in the most effective and efficient manner to meet customer’s satisfaction. TQM Mission To sustain quality processes by providing the best customer experience through innovative products. Through TQM, Toyota is gearing itself in achieving the following objectives. Objectives  1. To manufacture high quality cars.  2. To gain high competitive value in the market place.  3. To gain high efficiency in lead-time.  4. To ‘go green’ by manufacturing environment friendly cars that emit less carbon.  5. To increase market share.  6. Improving suppliers relationship The below diagram indicate the priorities taken by the customer when purchasing a product. This is a clear indication that quality is very important to customer as it determines his/her second purchase of the same product (Anschutz 88). TQM Principles  1. The
The four pillars on which Starbucks’ strategy is built The first pillar is mainly focused on quality. The firm seeks to stand out in the market by providing the best products to its customers. The second pillar enables the firm to deliver quality services to its customers, which satisfies their expectations. The third pillar enables the firm to improve the experience of its customers by offering them products in a relaxed atmosphere. This makes them appreciate the quality of products offered to them The fourth pillar makes the firm aware of the external environment it operates in. This enables it to organize its operations in a way that satisfies customers’ expectations within that environment. Starbucks’ expansion in domestic and international markets and goal to “stay small” This approach enables the firm to cater to the tastes of individual customers in areas where it operates. The firm seeks to develop mutually beneficial relationships with its customers to understand their needs and expectations. This helps the firm to monitor the quality of services it offers to its customers. The strategy to stay small gives the firm a chance to offer customers personalized services that take note of their backgrounds, personalities, and lifestyles. This makes the firm understand the behavior of its customers and how they influence different market patterns. “The essence of the Starbucks experience lives in our passionate, caring partners. It’s really the people to people business” The firm appreciates the role employees play in making it more competitive in the market. The firm makes its employees understand its mission, goals, and organizational values, which helps them improve the way they relate with customers. Therefore, this makes employees offer customers high-quality services. This approach enables the firm to build and sustain beneficial relationships with its customers. This strengthens the value consumers attach to the firm’s products. This approach makes employees more loyal to the firm’s corporate values which allows them to build positive relationships with customers.
Introduction For people to succeed in their businesses, careers or professional lives, action is an imperative ingredient. However, it matters where people base their action. For instance, if individuals base their action on self-interest, they will automatically act in response to inducements. In other words, they will start monitoring costs and benefits closely. The two, costs and benefits, can affect the activities that people do. Take for example when the costs of doing something increases or better still, when the benefits decline. Automatically, people will perform much less of that activity. Economists have come up with a model – the model of supply and demand – that explains how action on costs and benefits can affect our markets (Schenk, 2008, p.1). My firm specializes in the business of milk production and dairy farming. Of lately, dairy farmers in United States, Australia and New Zealand have received high prices from the sale of milk, thanks to the ever-changing climate an
Introduction Communism is the political and economic teaching which goal is to abolish private property and a profit-based economy and introduce public ownership and communal control of the resources instead. Communism is a higher and more advanced form of Socialism. Opinions differ on how communism differs from Socialism (Dagger par. 1). Among the main ideologists of communism are the German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. To give some background, Marx had a doctor’s degree in philosophy, and Engels was a political scientist and a veteran of the Prussian Army (Arthur 465). They authored a lot of works on the topic of communism, which, in their turn, inspired a whole generation of philosophers and political figures. Main body One of the most significant works by Marx and Engels is The Communist Manifesto, which was written in late 1847 and first published in 1848 in London, and has been reissued many times ever since. It is probably the most famous and widely read work on the subject of politics (Isaacs 1). In their work, Marx and Engels declare and substantiate the goals and methods of the newly-formed Communist parties. Marx and Engels proclaim that capitalism is going to collapse inevitably and that the Proletariat will be the main force that deposes it. Some phrases of The Manifesto have become widely known even among those dissimilar to politics. For instance, the work begins with the iconic words, “A spectre is haunting Europe — the spectre of communism”, and ends with the famous slogan, “Working Men of All Countries, Unite!” (Marx and Engels 34). The first chapter of The Manifesto begins with a statement that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” (Marx and Engels 16). Earlier in history, a complex, multi-level organization was typical of human societies. Marx and Engels describe ancient Rome and the Middle Ages, enumerating their many social ranks and layers. However, now that feudalism has ceased to exist, the social structure has become rather simple. The authors oppose two categories of people: the oppressors and the oppressed. The first group includes free people, patricians, lords, guild-masters, etc., and the second group – slaves, plebeians, serfs and journeymen correspondingly. Their confrontation can take different forms, but it never ends. These two hostile categories are called Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. This transformation of society did not happen at once but was a result of a long chain of historical events. Vast new territories had been discovered and were being colonized. This process created demand for a more ample and efficient production. Whole hew markets appeared and were constantly expanding. The previous guild system was replaced by a principally new system characterized by division of labor and wide use of machinery. The Bourgeoisie was the leader of this transf