ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Moliere once said, “We only die once…and for so long!” [1] of all the subjects that have remained unclear and marred by uncertainty is the subject of life and death. Very many people have tried to understand what life is and the purpose of our existence on earth. However, there has never been summative explanation generally accepted by all. The only thing that remains generally and undoubtedly acceptable is that there is inevitable death and that it is appropriate to prepare for it. This paper tries to explain the meaning, structure and purpose of life. It draws from different writings and personal philosophy and revelation. The question of the meaning of life can be discussed from various perspectives (Christiansen, Baum & Bass-Haugen, 2005). Down history lane, the question has been a topic of argument from philosophers, in religious cycles, in science and even personal motivations. In ancient Greek philosophy, Plato argued that life is nothing but the pursuit of the apex of knowledge. From this knowledge, the definition of good can be established. It is from this definition that one derives value of goodness and justness. He argued that it is the moral responsibility of man to pursue good. However, it is not possible to attain the apex of this knowledge without applying philosophical reasoning. To Plato, this is the meaning of life. He believes that man came into existence in order to promote good through philosophical reasoning that would later lead to knowledge. Looking into this argument, it is clear that virtuous living forms the foundation of Plato’s argument. It is true that man has a moral obligation of striving towards good. This could be the explanation of what happens when one veers of this moral avenue. Due to the defiance of the original expectations and purpose of life, life becomes difficult and unbearable. This argument can be developed further based on philosophers of the Hellenistic period (Seaman, 2005). On their part, Hellenistic philosophers argued that life was nothing but a pursuit of virtues that are compatible with nature. They further argued that it is the sole responsibility of a person to be self sufficient and to hold the reigns of his mental attitude. They argued that happiness would only be achieved if individuals learnt to understand nature and what it expected of them. They would only attain happiness if they were taught on how to control their mental attitudes. They argued against the pursuit of happiness through wealth, fame and power. It is clear that both Plato an
Abstract This comprehensive paper is a reflection on the supervision and observation process of two teaching candidates. In this paper, four comprehensive points will be covered. That is what I did with those candidates during observing them, what I have learned during my research, comprehensive evaluation for the whole process and, what I plan to do when I work in supervision with candidates in the future. Introduction It has become a reality that the objective of the teacher education program is to equip other educators in a manner that they produce qualified teachers who possess the disposition, skills, and knowledge required. Reflection and examination is the best method to develop the required skills and knowledge (Titone, Sherman, & Palmer, 1998). While there is much concentration on skills and knowledge today, crucial reflection based on real-life school observation is an important factor in motivating candidate teachers to develop skills in line with the belief of their education program (Yost, 1997). All over the education literature, there is a need for research on the difficulties of assessing candidate teacher disposition (Dee, & Henkin, 2002). Techniques for assessing professional disposition among teachers’ candidates are emerging (Beverly, Santos, & Kyger, 2006). Teacher candidates are evaluated by teaching faculty, rating scale, rubrics, and self-reflection to assess their dispositions. In case disposition issues are identified, suitable interventions and monitoring by the clinical supervisor in the field are made. Once these tolerable dispositions are developed, the process for intervening with the new dispositions to the candidate teacher is created. The Observation Process Firstly, I conducted an orientation to the teacher candidates on the school environment and introducing the program to the students. Secondly, I made sure that the candidate teacher plans are by the schedule during the observing process. As the lesson was going on I recorded every activity happening in the classroom mostly the student’s reaction to the new teacher. Note-taking is one crucial factor during observation as it is cost-effective and facilitates the provision of feedback (Dee & Henkin, 2002). Feedback Provision The Conferencing model in supervision has immense literature. Is important for the supervising teacher to make sure feedback is available to teaching candidates through conferencing after every observation or supervision. The purpose of the conference was to provide the candidates with an ongoing process regarding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats they p
Introduction Competition refers to contention or struggle to gain superiority in a commercial setup thus creating rivalry among parties. A competition policy aims at promoting competition for the welfare of consumers. The competition policy of the EU was established in Treaty of Rome in 1957 and is governed by articles eighty one to eighty nine. In addition, the merger regulation or Council Regulation 139/2004 also governs the EU competition policy. The policy’s rationale is to enable companies to have equal level of competition it every European Union Member State. The competition policy acts as a guide to the European Commission in assessing its decision making. Therefore, this has enabled EU to become powerful to guide competition strategies over firms. EU has gained power over price fixing, dominance of firms and trade agreements. The policy is facilitated by European Court of Justice and Directorate-General for Competition which is the part of the European Commission . EU member states have to adhere to the rules and cooperate through the aid of European Competition Network (ECN) (EU, 2004). They do this by offering essential information on decisions and cases, coordination of investigations and documenting evidence. With the help of ECN, EU is able to attain an effective mechanism through which it is able to counter firms involved in breaching the competition policy. The main aim of ECN is ensuring that the EU competition law is consistently applied in all member states. It has continued to pursue and prosecute firms that breach competition law (McCormick, 2008). The competition policy has enabled the EU to acquire power over takeovers, mergers, state aid, and cartels. It has achieved a single market operation in Europe through transparency, compatibility, and fairness in standardizing its regulatory framework. Its competition policy strengthens its leadership and enables it succeeds in open market operations among its member states. Its free market policy has had its impact and has developed and gained a world wide relevance. Single European Market policy significantly affects the conduct of businesses in Europe and other parts of the world as well. Competition policy has profound meaning globally especially for increased linkages and multi-jurisdictional mergers that has existed between the United States and Europe through businesses cross-ownerships (McCormick, 2008). Moreover, the economic integration has seen the rise in the Europeans living standards. The paper discusses major EU competition policy such as merger control, antitrust, monopolies and state aid limitation as well as it impact to its member states and international trade associations. The EU legislation encompasses trade associations since they are the foundation in which information is gathered. The European Commission could subject the trade association to even up to a hundred percent fine of previous financial year’s total turnover acquired if involved in breaching EU competition p
There are four basic steps in management’s controlling function. The study focuses on the four basic steps of management’s control function. The study includes generating examples vividly explaining each management control function step. Setting into motion the four steps of management’s control function improves profit performances. There are four basic steps of management control function. First, management must establish standards of performance. Management must define the benchmarks. Management must implement goals and objectives. For example, management sets the sales benchmark at a minimum of $ 200,000. Likewise, management sets the benchmark for operating expenses at an amount lower than $50,000. In addition, management establishes transportation expenses at ten percent of revenues. Further, management requires the factory to generate a minimum 2,000 units. Management orders the employees to work an additional two hours. The overtime period contributes to the company’s goal and objectives. Management can set a minimum sales quota of $300,000 for each store outlets. Management can prevent each store outlet from exceeding a $ 70,000 monthly operating expense. Second, management measures actual performance outputs. Many entities prepare and present performance measurement reports. The actual performance outputs must be related to the standards or benchmarks established. The company collects the actual sales figures from each store branch. Likewise, management collects the actual expense amounts from the different stores strategically located in major Cities within the United States. Third, management must compare the actual performances to the preset performance standards. Management determines whether the actual production output attains established organizational goals and objectives. Comparing includes determining the variance between the actual performance statistics and the established goals and objectives. For example, management must indicate the actual expenses are unfavorably higher than the established standards. In the same manner, management indicates that the actual operating expenses are favorably lower than established expense amounts. In addition, management comments that actual revenues are favorably higher than the established sales benchmarks. Fourth, management should take corrective actions. The actions improve current performance outputs. Management focuses its time and efforts correcting figures that vary from the established benchmarks, goals, or objectives. Management should prioritize controlling unfavorable performances. Management holds a brainstorming session. The session threshes out the reasons for the performance variances. All interested parties are invited to shed light on the discrepancy between actual outputs and benchmark figures. The employees, supervisors, managers, and other individuals encouragingly air their situational inputs. M
Introduction The leadership embraced in a given institution dictates its success. Scholars believe that transformational and charismatic leadership styles can make a difference in every health organization. Medical experts have been concerned with the issue of management. However, managerial practice is usually different in the United States and the Middle East. Leadership is widely influenced by social aspects and culture (Roussel, Harris, & Thomas 2015). This discussion compares the managerial practices embraced by Cleveland Clinic Hospital and the Sheikh Khalifa Specialist Hospital. Description: Background and History Cleveland Clinic is one of the oldest medical institutions in the United States. The hospital was the brainchild of Frank Weed ( Cleveland and Clinic 2016). The first clinic was purchased by George Crile and Frank Bunts in the late 19 th century. Crile later organized an American military medical facility in France during the First World War ( Cleveland and Clinic 2016). The individuals constructed a new clinic in Cleveland after the war. By 1921, the clinic had over 60 employees. The owners constructed a laboratory to cater to the needs of the targeted population. Samuel Mather, an American philanthropist, played a critical role in reestablishing the hospital after the 1929 fire disaster. Lower and Crile identified new leaders to manage the institution in 1942. A new board of governors (BOG) was instituted to manage the facility in 1954. Presently, the board works with administrators to outline the best policies for the organization. The facility expanded in an attempt to deliver satisfactory services to more patients ( Cleveland and Clinic 2016). Research is something taken seriously in this organization. For instance, organizational records indicate that the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute (CCLRI) spends over 250 million dollars annually for research activities. Today the facility is a leading provider of management and technological systems. The hospital delivers the best treatment regimes for cardiovascular disease. The hospital currently operates 12 affiliates in Abu Dhabi, Nevada, Ohio, and Florida. The ‘Sheikh Khalifa Specialist Hospital delivers high tertiary healthcare standards’ ( Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital 2016, para. 1). The specialist hospital combines a wide range of medical technologies, healthcare solutions, and international designs to address the ever-changing needs of many patients. The hospital was ‘opened in February 2013 the same year by the UAE Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah, His Highness Sheikh Saud Bin Saqr Al Qasimi’ ( Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital 2016, para. 4). The hospital aims to enhance the economic strength of the United Arab Emirates (UA
Reading Eggs is an online learning program that was specifically designed to help children acquire language using a multitude of songs, nursery rhymes, and games. Early strategies for second language learning include spelling lessons that contain 32 units and are focused on different requirements for kindergarten students. Another part of the program that can be used for individual students is driving tests. They are focused on the development of phonic skills, sight word knowledge, word analysis, and content area vocabulary. Storyland is a section of the Reading Eggs program that allows it to be used with a small group. It provides students with popular book titles that can help them to build reading and comprehension skills. Its activities also contain quizzes and puzzles aimed at vocabulary enhancement. Raz-Kids is an online program that allows students to either work on their own or in class. It contains a multitude of books and texts at different reading levels for better improvement of comprehension and fluency. All books are organized by Learning A-Z Text Leveling System. On the individual level, the program helps to increase parental support in ESL literacy development and stimulates literate behavior. On the group level, emerging learners can use available reading materials for discussion in class. Tefltunes program helps second language learners to significantly widen their repertoire of language choices by exposing them to a wide variety of song-based lessons. Students can study on their own by using a fully searchable database that has millions of songs. The program allows teachers to choose from 44 available lesson plans that include student worksheets for a small group of learners. All programs are divided into different levels of ability with a special focus on higher-level students.
Abstract This paper examines the book “A Beautiful Mind” by Sylvia Nasar, it details the reader’s personal opinion of the character of John Nash, delves into the purpose of the book itself and helps to explain the reasoning behind its inception. Introduction This paper delves into the personal opinion of the reader regarding the book “A Beautiful Mind” by Silvia Nascar. Based on an examination of the book, it is the opinion of the reader that the portrayal of the brilliance and personality of John Forbes Nash, Jr. is to a certain extent fiction mixed with a smattering of fact. The reason behind this assertion is connected to the very nature of the biography which is “unauthorized” in that the events, depictions and the very personality of Nash within the book may not be an accurate representation of him as a person. However, despite such drawbacks, the book itself is rich and vibrant containing poignant moments of rich character development, illness, recovery and finally vindication as evidenced by Nash winning the Nobel Prize in Economics. Purpose When reading through the book, it becomes evident that the purpose behind its inception was to show people that adversity, illness, strife and even social ostracization are aspects that can be overcome in order to achieve a certain degree of success. Nasar depicted the life of Nash as one that was a series of tragedies, yet she also showed how through his own personal determination to succeed he was able to achieve a degree of vindication through his success in the field of academics. It is based on this that the book itself can be considered a message of hope for anyone facing the struggles that life throws at the them and how these can be overcome with the desire to make something of yourself. About the Actor Reading through book, one might consider Nash to be a “broken” man due to the sheer amount of problems he experienced in his life. Yet, despite such a series of unfortunate events, the depiction of Nash’s character is one that should not be forgotten. It showed the willingness to succeed, to overcome and to achieve his dream. In essence, the life of Nash as it was depicted can be correlated with the essence of the human spirit, namely possessing the will and drive to survive and to succeed no mater what. Book Summary The book “A Beautiful Mind” is a semi- fictional biographical account of the life of noted mathematician John Forbes Nash, Jr. and his struggle with schizophrenia (Nasar, 1998). It delves not only into various pivotal events in his life but also helps to explain his personality, the motivation behind his work and ultimately his genius as evidenced by Nash winning the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994. To read the book is to examine the life of a man who has dealt not only with adversity in the form of his anti-social eccentric personality but also the growing deterioration of his mental capacity as a direct result of schizophrenia. Conclusion Overall, it can be stated that while the book written by Nasar was an unauthorized account of the life of Nash, it
Fairleigh Dickinson University’s Internet use Policy As is the case in other educational institutions, Fairleigh Dickinson University (FDU) has developed comprehensive Internet use policy with regard to intellectual property rights, monitoring and filtering systems, as well as end user training program related to internet use/abuse. In intellectual property rights, FDU has developed an elaborate policy against copyright infringements and plagiarism, not mentioning that it runs all of its programs on genuine and copyrighted software. FDU notes that the rights to ownership of online course content, along with patentable innovations, are governed by the copyright law and thus cannot be dispensed using a policy document (Fairleigh Dickinson University). Course developers (e.g., professors, tutors, administrators) should take into account that as per the copyright law, copyrightable educational and/or instructional content developed as part of a person’s normal work obligations is deemed to be “work for hire”, and hence entirely owned by the employing institution. Nonetheless, if the course developer expects that the course material will be used for profitable gain, he or she is encouraged to sign a contract with FDU to minimize the likelihood that ownership disagreements will arise in the future (Fairleigh Dickinson University). Moving on, FDU has installed filtering and monitoring systems against some peer-to-peer applications (e.g., Aimster, Audiogalaxy, DirectConnect, and Napster), not only to minimize the impact of their interference with the institution’s core educational mission, but also to spur network performance by freeing up internet bandwidth, reduce internet costs, and minimize legal complaints generated by the misuse of online applications. FDU’s Acceptable Use Policy disallows Internet users from running software programs (e.g., Napster and DirectConnect) containing server components that permit external users to connect to the university’s system and retrieve documents off the system. In its policy document, FDU argues that file sharing software must be prohibited not only because of the legal ramifications involved in sharing copyrighted material, but also due to high exposure to security vulnerabilities (Fairleigh Dickinson University). Lastly, FDU does not offer an end-user training plan related to Internet use and/or abuse; however, it has developed an explicit set of rules for acceptable use that should govern those who make use of its computing environment to act in a way consistent with written conventions of conduct. For instance, users must:  1. be responsible for any computer account given,  2. ensure that their passwords are not easily guessed or shared with other people,  3.