ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract This paper demonstrates how the ocean’s meridional overturning circulation brings about effects on the current change in climate by the use of computer models, which are computer-based mathematical models, simulating in three dimensions, how climate conduct its components and the interactions of all these factors. Contradicting the old truism which was used a long time ago to describe how global warming/increased atmospheric carbon dioxide started, the utilization of modern climate models has indicated that the warmer current atmospheric temperatures will in the future cause a decreased meridional overturning circulation of sea waters. These effects will enhance the development of reduced release of radio-carbon depleted carbon dioxide gas and thus the idea of the self-restoration mechanism of the earth to this global warming. Due to these increased atmospheric temperatures, there had been elevated rates of evaporation of surficial ocean waters and rainwater run-offs leading to a high degree of freshening these ocean waters. This further decreases the meridional overturning circulation as the strong hydrological cycle reduces the rate of exposure to deep-sea waters and hence corresponding declined levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Introduction Since the beginning of the tardy nineteenth century global surface temperatures has increased by an average of about 0.740C (averagely 0.130C per decade), a trend that has doubled from the initial research. This has greatly differed from one area to another as othe
Job description of a marketing manager Marketing managers play a vital part in organization by organizing and analyzing market research and survey. They also have to observe the consumers demands, sales, products and services delivered. Moreover, they should assist the organization to make new products and services using research, customer feedback, and other appropriate methods for collecting information. Additionally, they have to identify and implement communication strategies like advertising campaigns to draw more consumers. Experienced marketing managers ought to recognize target markets and struggle to deliver a message to a certain group (Hartley, 1999). Furthermore, they ought to prepare marketing plans, including budgets and improvement information. They also have to make decisions about pricing and analysis of customers’ feedback about their satisfaction. A marketing manager is accountable to the CEO of the company. Job specification For one to qualify to be a marketing manager, they ought to have familiarity in supervising and managing of professional staff. One should also have “a bachelor’s degree in marketing or related field, and masters in business or marketing” is an added benefit. Moreover, person should show capacity to enhance outputs and constantly advance methods and departmental involvement (Hartley, 1999). Furthermore, for one to qualify to be a marketing manager he should be able to communicate with consumers efficiently. Investigation and evaluation skills are also vital in marketing management. Interview Questions   * Give an instance of a marketing brief you made for a latest marketing program.       + Innovativeness   * Talk about a marketing project in which required directing and handling dissimilar team of people to accomplish goals.       + Team leadership skills   * Describe of how you have managed a tight budget to achieve a marketing activity.       + knowledge in budgeting   * Give an example of how you have effectively used online marketing systems.       + Advertising and marketing knowledge   * Describe a marketing plan that you finished on time under budget.       + Time management skills   * Describe a situation in which innovation was required.       + Creativity   * Name the major problems a marketing manager encounter today.       + Market knowledge   * With your minimal knowledge concerning the company, make recommendations for change       + Knowledge about the company   * Name the essential things to consider, when influencing consumers choices.       + Skills for understanding peoples’ behaviors   * How would one ensure they accomplish the foremost objectives?       + planning and administration skills The recruiting method and rationale I would use external recruitment method because this method involves employing new people in the company. This is advantageous because external employees give new ideas to the company. Furthermore, the method will enable many people to apply and so there will be larger number of workers from which to find the b
Research Question: What is the effect of laundry detergent on the growth of bean plants? What do you think will happen? There is a likelihood that the rate of growth in the presence of the laundry detergent pollutant would be slower than the rate of growth in the absence of the pollutant. Why do you think about this? Laundry detergents contain anionic surfactants that contribute to their cleaning properties. When applied to the soil, the pH of the soil is likely to increase hence affecting plant growth. Additionally, surfactants are reported to contribute to a reduction in the hydraulic conductivity of soils (Sawadogo et al. 117). Consequently, soils become impermeable to water thus affecting agricultural productivity. The process of growth and development involves a series of biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes. These processes include photosynthesis, respiration, gaseous exchange, and transport of substances. Enzymes are protein substances that hasten the tempo of biological reactions. Being protein in nature, they are composed of amino acid residues that exhibit different charges at different pH values. The type of charge of the amino acid residues at the active site of enzymes influences the binding of enzyme and substrate hence catalysis. Therefore, different enzymes have an optimum pH for proper functioning. At elevated pH, the activity of enzymes is affected, which manifests in reduced growth rates. Experimental Design: A controlled experiment using potted plants in a greenhouse or laboratory will be used. Each treatment will be replicated three times. Predictor (independent variable): Different concentrations of laundry detergent Response (dependent variable): Rate of plant growth Control: Distilled water. Methodology Twelve potted bean plants at the same stage of development will be used in the experiment. Approximately 50 grams of powdered laundry detergent will be diluted in 500 ml of distilled water to form the stock solution. 150 ml of the stock solution will be diluted in 150 ml distilled water to make the medium concentration (MC) while another 50 ml of the stock solution will be diluted in 250 ml to make the low soap concentration (LC). The remaining 300 ml of the stock solution will be used as the high concentration (HC) soluti
Introduction Information technology is pivotal in helping organizations maintain a reliable mechanism of enhancing information governance within healthcare settings. Unfortunately, many of the available healthcare information systems fail at the implementation phase (Johnson & Zhang, 2005). This paper discusses the key factors contributing to these failures. Besides, it analyzes the leadership team’s reaction to the failures in a bid to offer recommendations of some of the best practices that any organization can adopt to avoid such failures in the future by suggesting how health care leaders can use project metrics and portfolio management to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. The paper also analyzes government interventions into health care businesses to ensure that health care and patient information are secure by minimizing information breaches and technology failures. Finally, the study offers a personal position on whether health care providers should either develop a custom application or select a proprietary system to help with information system failures in the healthcare settings. This discussion is done with reference to failures in of patients’ records, which are computer-based in HCR Manor Care and healthcare IT projects at Health Integrated Service Center. Factors contributing to the failure of information health care information systems According to Kaplan (2000), healthcare information systems in the US have a failure rate of 50 percent. Various scholars describe the reasons why this failure takes place in a comprehensive manner. For example, Johnson, and Zhang (2005) cite the failure to incorporate staff such as clinicians in the process of development of human-computer interfaces as a mega contributing factor for the breakdown of many IT infrastructures. Many information systems in healthcare settings are also influenced negatively by inadequate technical support together with maintenance challenges upon implementation of information systems. At HCR Manor Care and Health Integrated Ser
Introduction It has been argued on more than one occasion that the dominant position taken by the English language is more than just a matter of language. Some people feel that it also has a lot to do with political and economic domination, a claim that has been refuted by yet another cross-section of people (Barber 2000). This discussion seeks to establish which of the two arguments is correct and why it is so. Background Information Since the establishment of America as a state, there was one unique aspect that this nation has always had which is allowing people from diverse cultures to come into their land and become part of the nation. America did not only welcome people from other cultures with open arms but they also allowed them to continue practicing their different cultures without forcing them to adopt their own culture. Some people seem to forget that at one point all the citizens of America were all immigrants whose cultures and languages differed (Ronowicz & Yallop 2006). It however emerged that as much as it was reasonable to be liberal and allow people from different cultures speak different languages, it was important to come up with a single language that would be declared the official language which every person would speak regardless of their origin. This was meant to bring harmony in a country that was highly diverse. Declaration of English as official language After serious considerations were made, it was agreed although not unanimously that English should be declared the official language. This did not settle well with some of the people who felt that the domination of this particular language carried with a connotation of political and economic superiority of America over other countries. It is a debate that has been ongoing but common ground does not seem to be reached especially because those who are in opposition of the English language do not have sufficient backing of their claim (Mair 2003). Mitrevsk (1999) states that “it may be impossible to find one world language that every country would accept, given that each nation believes its own language to be the most suitable for that purpose”. Invented Language Those who feel that adopting English as the official language would make it a dominant language provide an alternative. They argue that instead, an invented language should be adopted and declared as the official language. They argue that adopting the English language brings an element of political and economic domineering. This is not exactly the case because America as a county has been successful in terms of the economy and politics (Sasaki 2002). The argument is that adopting a certain language as universal since every country views its language as the most suitable; therefore, it is best to invent a language and adopt it as a universal language. As matter of fact, America is classified among the economic superpowers in the world together with China and Europe. However, this is not to say that America has remained successful just because of the English language. It is also important to recognize the close connection that exists b
Immunization: What Is the Deal? Despite the numerous debates concerning the issue of immunization, the given concern remains on the agenda of the present-day healthcare service. Indeed, the issue does seem incredibly tricky, with the clear guidelines stressing the necessity to provide the population with vaccination from a specific list of diseases, on the one hand, and the rapidly emerging arguments concerning the harmful effects and the lack of actual result of traditional immunization system, on the other hand. Since at present, the attitudes towards vaccination are highly negative among the general population of the USA, for a nursing specialist, it is important to promote awareness of the effects that the refusal to get vaccinated leads to, as well as create a campaign that will help people realize the threat that they put themselves into when refusing to get vaccinations. History of Immunization It should be mentioned that the U.S. has quite a short history of vaccination. Immunization was not considered a top priority up until 1905 when in the case of Jacobson vs. Massachusetts, compulsory vaccination was the court verdict. At the end of the XX century, however, major issues regarding compulsory vaccinations started to appear ( Vaccinophobia and vaccine controversies of the XXI century , 2013). Arguments Pro and Contra When particular effects of vaccination are analyzed, a number of cases when vaccinations had a deplorable effect on the patients are often mentioned to prove a point. Indeed, a number of individual reactions of a particular organism on certain agents may remain undiscovered until a vaccination takes place. Unfortunately, it is practically impossible to predict the results of immunization with one hundred percent precision; however, there is a reasonable strategy that can help deal with the possible negative outcomes. To avoid such instances, it is desirable to be aware of one’s genetic portrait, i.e., the specifics of the immune system of not only one’s own organism but also of the closest relatives, starting
The Epic of Gilgamesh is considered to be one of the most captivating and really worthwhile pieces of ancient works in Mesopotamian literature. The years of its original creations and creators are still unknown, and this is what makes this epic poem so unique and interesting to read. Lots of themes are raised in this poem as it should be in any epic work: the fear of death, desire to have unbelievable powers and control all people in the world, path that may lead to complete disaster or necessary wisdom, and the steps, which lead to success or failures (George, 2003, p. xiii). The attention to god’s role in the lives of ordinary people is certainly paid in this work. Very often, in epic poems, gods are presented as selfish and powerful creatures, which have unbelievable control over people; however, The Epic of Gilgamesh, the epic poem under consideration, discovers a true nature of gods and their care for humans and proves that even the creation of Enkidu, in contrast to Gilgamesh’s cruelty, has a kind of catch that helps gods to get more power over people. In order to help people and save them from terrible and powerful Gilgamesh, gods decided to create “valiant Enkidu/born in Silence, endowed with strength of Ninurta” (Kovacs & Carnahan, 1998). However, such decision may be analyzed from different perspectives and demonstrate how selfish the gods are. They create a wild creature in order to prevent another person from being more powerful than gods are: for people, they create a kind of savior, who may challenge the proud Gilgamesh; for themselves, they create another slaver, who will serve them sooner or later. In The Epic of Gilgamesh , gods have unbelievable connection to people: people get a chance to learn something from gods, and gods can easily analyze the nature of people and use their values in for own benefits. From the very beginning, gods directed own powers to protect, support, and help people to live and achieve the desirable success. However, time is the only unchangeable factor that can change everything. With time, gods realized that their powers are really huge and they can not only care for humans but also control them. “When the gods created man they allotted to him death, but life they retained in their own keeping” (Brown, 1996). This is why gods’ care for people may be viewed from different perspectives, and some of these perspectives are not that positive and caring. Did gods really care for people in The Epic of Gilgamesh or it was one more mask to present and get more time for control and power? Sometimes, blind faith in gods prevented people to comprehend true i
Adequate data management in research has become an increasingly important topic nowadays when the modern tools facilitate the gathering of information, and the pure amount of raw data can become overwhelming. Dealing with issues in data management requires accuracy, efficiency and compliance with certain guidelines and accepted standards, including the rules of ethics. Maintaining the data integrity demands special effort on the part of the researcher. According to the guidelines published by Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), the universal, suitable for any type of research data, integrity requirements consist of the following points: Establishing data criticality and inherent integrity risk … [with] overarching data governance system, which should include relevant policies and staff training in the importance of data integrity … the organizational (e.g. procedures) and technical (e.g. computer system access) controls applied to different areas of the quality systems.. [and] designing systems to assure data quality and integrity … in a way that encourages compliance with the principles of data integrity. ( MHRA GMP Data Integrity Definitions and Guidance for Industry , 2015, p. 1-2) The essential examples of such principles include consistency, legibility, completeness and relevance of the data generated in research, as well as its completeness throughout the time of the research. It is also important to keep in mind the risks, for example, human factor, software and hardware faults, conscious falsification of results, accidental errors, and changes in records or technology, which should be avoided by all means (McDowall, 2013, par. 2-9). After collecting the data, the researcher may proceed to its interpretation however at that stage it may be difficult to remain unbiased. Focusing on the anticipated results of an experiment can affect the interpretation and even cast discredit on the research in whole. Ted Kaptchuk (2003) describes this effect in his article, claiming that the data-judgment interaction is rarely taken into account as there is no objective way to measure the subjective components of interpretation, while researchers tend to e
Motivation plays an important role in shaping the quality of our performances in achieving our goals and ambitions. Business Dictionary refers to motivation as “internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject, and to exert persistent effort in attaining a goal” (Business Dictionary, 2011). I studied Business Administration for my bachelor’s degree and am now taking up Masters in Business Administration in the United Kingdom. A particular event in my past has greatly impacted my current performance and behavior in terms of being a top achiever in my chosen field. Three (3) years ago in March 2008, I had participated in the Olympiad for the mathematics category in Kyiv Ukraine. There were one hundred-sixty (160) students from various places who participated in the competition. I was among these students representing my own country, Azerbaijan. Hard work and dedication paid off when I passed and finished all eight (8) stages of the competition and won a gold medal. When my country’s flag was raised high on the sky because of the victory I had brought upon I felt proud to have contributed to Azerbaijan’s pride. The best part is the competition and victory served as a valuable tool in motivating me to produce the best performance I can give in all aspects of my life. This paper aims to evaluate key factors that contributed to how I am motivated to perform tasks in life using organizational behavior theories. Furthermore, I will be demonstrating how my experiences helped me understand the relationship between motivation and performance. In accomplishing any given task, goal setting is very important because it gives direction to individuals on what they are expected to do. Concerning motivation, according to Robert Swezey, Zach Meltzer and Jimmy Salas difficult but specific goals increase an individual’s performance (Locke et al., 1994, p.146). Examining the behavioral effects of goal setting, 90% of laboratory and field studies relating to precise and demanding goals resulted in superior performance than did easy or no goals (1981, pp.125-152). Studies by Gary Latham and Edwin Locke show that t
Women have traditionally been regarded as the reading sex, and from the time women gained access to higher education, literature has drawn them in greater numbers than any other discipline. Susan Glaspell is one of the extraordinary women writers who promulgate ideas and feelings of modern women, unveils social problems and new social order. Thesis Susan Glaspell should be inducted into the literary canon because she made a great contribution to the development of drama and new literary techniques (predominantly Expressionistic techniques) challenging traditional literary standards and the canon of male writing. Some literary genres have lent themselves particularly well to the exploration of women’s issues insofar as these were still perceived to be confined to the private sphere in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and the best part of the twentieth century. Women writers have been relatively over-represented in the epistolary novel, the diary, and the popular novel by comparison with the more highly valued literary forms of poetry, drama, and the epic (McGovern, p. 144). It was no accident then that in their assault upon standard literary values liberation writers sought to revive these ‘female’ forms (previously regarded as sub-literary) first of all. Similar to other writers, Glaspell consciously chose to challenge the literary standards and representational strategies which they had encountered as ‘the dominant’ in American culture. Not only did writing promise the freedom of self-definition in the search for a female authenticity, not only would feminist writing liberate its readers to recognize the real conditions of their existence, but it might also serve to liberate literature itself from restrictive and prescriptive male-determined standards of good and serious writing. While this ‘minor’ culture may sometimes be difficult to explicate as protest, it was always clearly formed in the spirit of subverting a majority culture that tried to choke it at the root (Kennedy and Gioia, p. 7). Precisely by its sex, drugs, dance, dress, music, and style, it kept the records of its discontents accurately and well (Lewis, p. 45). The remarkable feature of Glaspell’s writing style is the use of Expressionistic techniques. Glaspell often used Expressionistic techniques and was one of the first playwrights in America to do so. She began before the general awareness of Expressionism was developed through the showing of the film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari in 1921, the Theatre Guild presentation of Kaiser From Morn to Midnight in 1922, and the performance of O’Neill’s Expressionist plays, such as The Hairy Ape (1922). What these diverse textual strategies had in common, however, is that they all defined themselves against the canon of male writing (Papke, p. 23). Furthermore, Glaspell shows that American realist fictions contain mystic elements which posit the possibility of social change and that the frequent foregrounding of the writer as protagonist reveals a level