ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Judeo-Christian Creation Story Substantially, the Bible has always been used to explain several ideologies that are beyond human understanding. As such the Bible has enabled people to comprehend more about their originality and existence. According to the Bible, man was created by God who has authority over everything in the universe (Gen 3:1-19). Interestingly, the creation story unfolds as God took His time to make other creatures before creating man on the sixth day. God named this man Adam and later gave him a companion who was known as Eve. Both Adam and Eve were put in the Garden of Eden where they could work and take care of everything. God then told them to eat fruits from all the trees in the garden apart from the tree of good and evil. During that time, Adam and Eve were naked yet they did not have any shame as they never realized it. This however changed when Adam and Eve were deceived by the serpent that encouraged them to eat the forbidden fruit (Gen 3:5-8). As soon as they ate the forbidden fruit, both Adam and Eve realized that they were naked and so they hid themselves from God. Adam then went to God who asked him why he was hiding himself and this is the answer he gave, “I was scared because I was naked.” Adam also told God that it is Eve who had deceived him to eat the forbidden fruit. Eve on the other hand blamed the serpent who had convinced her to eat the fruit. God was not pleased and so He put a curse on Adam, Eve and the serpent (Gen 3:11-14). Greek Creation Story According to the Greek creation story, there was an existence of a man known as Zeus who had children by the names Prometheus and Epimetheus. By that time there were no men and animals on earth. In this case, Zeus instructed his sons to go and create man and animals as gave out gifts to each creature. Prometheus was given the responsibility of creating man while Epimetheus was in charge of creating animals. On his part, Epimetheus was able to find gifts for his animals although Prometheus had no gifts for a man. After some time, Prometheus decided to give out fire as his gift for Man. This really annoyed Zeus who ordered some people to take Prometheus to a mountain where he was eaten up by vultures. Meanwhile, a woman by the name Pandora was created and she became the wife of Epimetheus. Pandora was received happily as she was given very valuable gifts. Among her gifts was a box which was not supposed to be opened by anyone. As time went by, Pandora became more curious since she wanted to know what was in the box. At long last, she opened it and found many horrors which flew out to the world. When Epimetheus knew what had happened, he rushed back home although all evils had gone away. Out of the box, Epimetheus and his wife heard a voice that said, “Let me out, I am hope”. Upon hearing the voice, Epimetheus and Pandora decided to let hope go away. African Bushmen Creation Story In the African creatio
Introduction The choice of an optimal program for receiving a bachelor of nursing science (BSN) is a non-trivial task that requires careful comparison and thorough research. The choice is even more paramount considering the resource and time investment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to compare programs for experienced nurses and students with other major by learning outcomes and other parameters to select one that could be recommended as optimal. Fast-Track BSNs For those who already have an experience or a registered nurse (RN) certificate, there appears to be no need to revisit the basic knowledge. Therefore, there is an accelerated online nursing bachelor program that lets students achieve the same competence in 2 years. For instance, Regent University (n.d.) offers a completely online-based study course that includes learning outcomes such as knowledge of pathologies, health assessment and treatment methods, data management and so forth. However, it has an RN requirement which makes this program unavailable to students who did not take an NCLEX-RN exam. The subjects and learning material will therefore be optimized for experienced nurses, rendering the program challenging for beginners. Another accelerated program such as the one created by the University of Washington (n.d.) offers an opportunity of counseling which suggests that inexperienced students may take it as well. Among other advantages of this one are the price and a variety of hospitals in which to receive practice. In addition, the program’s learning outcomes include well-rounded nursing care management, health equity and health promotion knowledge, and translation of scientific evidence into practice. However, by student-teacher ratio, it might give way to Regent University BSN. The latter is rather essential because comprehending knowledge requires proper teaching. Pittsburgh University has an accelerated BSN as a second-degree option. This program might be optimal for students with other backgrounds should they decide on becoming nurses. It offers a number of courses ranging from evidence-based practice to pharmacology and gerontological care. There are options there to study under RN-BSN curriculums designed to prepare learners for an NCLEX-RN where experienced students might skip classes they are proficient in. Overall, this course is rather balanced for both categories of nursing experience. Recommended Program Each learner is unique in their requirements and knowledge which makes recommending a program a difficult undertaking. Regent University might be the best choice if one has experience in the sphere of nursing and wants to expand it using the advantage of quality teaching. Those who are confident of their RN practice and knowledge might opt for a cheaper BSN at the University of Washington. Inexperienced students mig
Introduction The City of New York and Mumbai City are some of the largest cities in the world. An analysis of the socio-political structure of these cities will reveal a number of factors that make them different. According to Bhagat and Mohua (2006, p. 340), the socio-political structure of a city is always defined closely by the cultural and social practices of its people. This means that although New York City could be sharing a number of similarities with Mumbai City, the two have different socio-political settings. In order to understand these cities, it is important to analyze their leadership structure, efficiency in service delivery, transport system, and housing. New York City Governance New York City is a metropolitan municipality with the government formed by the mayor council. The City Council of New York is unicameral body with 51 members of the council. The people of this city directly elect the mayor and the 51 councilors. They have the mandate to oversee the management of the city. However, this council must work closely with the governor of this state and the central government. The governor of this city also has a central role to play in the management of this city. The governor works closely with the council to identify issues that will be addressed at the council level, state level or national level. The national government- through its three arms, executive, judiciary, and legislature- also has a role to play in the management of this city. Efficiency The management of New York City in terms of efficacy is based on various factors. When analyzing the capacity of this city based on how well its leaders offer quality services to the residents, a number of factors come out clearly. For instance, this city has a clear system of managing wastes at all times of the day. It is rare to come across litters in this city. The management of this city has been able to take care of such issues as availability of water and the drainage system to sustain the rising number of its residents. This means that, in terms of efficacy, the City of New York can be highly graded compared to other cities in the world. In this city, the government knows that the public depends on the tr
Re-orientation Addressing the reading issues that low ability students face in an English class is an essential step towards increasing the academic potential of these students. In order to study the ways for improving the students’ progress, it is appropriate to propose the intervention based on implementation of the peer assessment into a teaching strategy. The class selected for the intervention includes a group of thirteen year seven low-ability students. It should be noted that the whole class consists of twenty students. Among the specified group of students, two students face problems communicating English as they are ESL students (English as a Second Language); 12 students are with special educational needs (SEN); additionally, one student out of five in the group has either dyslexia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Their knowledge of grammar and syntax rules is of concern and requires attention and improvement (previous results ranged from 3c to 4a; however, the KS2 results showed a tendency of 4a to 5a). Though, compared to the initial test results, the final ones can be discussed as a minor improvement, the current evidence points to the need for the students to work on new skills acquisition and memorising skills development. The literature review provides opportunities to define methods for addressing the needs of the students in question. In their research, Falchikov and Goldfinch (2000) note that students usually lack understanding of the role of peer assessment as well as the significance of providing accurate evaluations of their peers. Zingaro (2013) also focuses on the role of peers in conducting assessments. These discussions support the necessity to provide students with a detailed explanation on the process of evaluation of their peers’ success as well as with a close supervision of the specified procedure. Moreover, it has also been noted by Cox and Maher (2007) that peers usually need to provide each other with positive reinforcement so that they could feel motivated to achieve better results. Focusing on low achieving students’ needs, it is also relevant to refer to Carter (2014) who states that these students need graphic data in order to understand the mechanics of the learning process better. It is also suggested by Murayama, Perkin, and Lichtenfeld (2012) that the incorporation of an element of a game into the learning process is helpful to address the specified issue in the l
Introduction Every work is a human activity which should be appreciated and paid accordingly; though it is necessary to differentiate between heavy industry and painting, people can find some occupation that would meet their requirements in terms of benefits, wages, social package, working hours, and other aspects that are considered important for employees. However, some people that are limited in choice of profession with a view to the location and territory have to be engaged in activities that do not seem to bring much money or inspiration. In this case, only enthusiasm helps to overcome certain difficulties. The Old Man and a Tenacious Fish Experience and luck can be considered an integral part of the work as it appears in practice because a person without experience should be very lucky to attain success, though a person with experience and with no trace of luck does not seem to be successful in any occupation he/she chooses. The main character of Hemingway’s book The Old Man and the Sea is a person with great experience in life and in his work but he does not seem to be lucky; this is where he appears to be “…salao, which is the worst form of luck …” (Hemingway 5). The old man is not unlucky, though he believes himself to be, he lacks new ideas and some inspiration. Hard work was always considered a good expression of diligence, endeavor, effort, and persistence. The old man is a hard-working person who knows what he wants from life but the only desire after forty days of not catching a proper fish to be sold is to catch a fish that would be the solution to all his problems. As the old man believed, “Eighty-five is a lucky number” (Hemingway 6) and the eighty-fifth day would bring him some profit in terms of fish that can be big and marketable enough to not make the old man worry about the food or clothes. The old man happened to be really lucky on the eighty-fifth day, but the fortune abandoned him when the victory was close and tangible. Though sharks can be considered the cruelest wild beasts of the water territory, the old man did not feel either fear or anxiety when these predators started eating the marlin the old man has caught with such effort. The only thing that made the old man nervous was that the fish was unsuitable for the market anymore. The old man considered himself to be unlucky, though he believed in faith being favorable to him till the last moment of the severe fight for a marlin. He appeared “… definitely and finally salao” (Hemingway 5) in the very beginning of the story; the old man is described sleeping in his bed and dreaming of wild lions and sand of the African beaches and the time when he was young (Hemingway 65). He has shown his experience and no one could ever doubt the old man’s luck. Conclusion A person can consider himself/herself to be what he/she wants to be; as a rule, this position comes true if a person believes in it. When the old man considered himself to be unlucky, the fortune abandoned him and he had
Today, the concepts of leadership and power have changed greatly because of technological innovations and new communication methods employed by modern organizations. The book ‘Credibility’ by J.M. Kouzes and B.Z. Posner proposes a new vision of leadership, the credibility of a leader, and his/her relations with subordinates. The work of Kouzes & Posner represents recent research of a new order of thinking and practice in management and leadership. In spite of great changes in organizational structure and employment relations, leadership remains a synthesis of arts and reflects individual experience, understanding, values, and capabilities, interacting with situations where, realistically, there is rarely an ‘ideal’ solution. Success as a leader, so often results from the unique originality of individual responses, rather than by following established precepts, without sufficient thought to context and circumstances. The business world, as an integral part of a wider changing socio-economic, political, and scientific scene, is fast becoming a more challenging, exciting, and testing arena. It is, more than ever before, becoming a world of high uncertainty and little apparent security – but abundant opportunity. The new technological age puts new demands and expectations on leadership and organizational relations. Following Kouzes and Posner (2003): “strategies, tactics, skills, and practices are empty unless we understand the fundamental human aspirations that connect leaders and their constituents” (p. 1). This does not mean that today’s leaders cannot learn from their predecessors or,
Leadership plays a decisive role in corporate organisations, often deciding the course of the company’s development, the skills and competencies that the business finds essential for its staff, and the methods used to attain goals. Sashkin (2018) defines leadership as one of the primary constitutional structures of the informal face of organisations, namely their internal culture. However, different cultures have varying understandings of what a leader is, necessitating questioning whether there exist core characteristics of leadership that are present in the majority of national cultures, as reflected in companies’ organisational structures. Outstanding leaders are those, who successfully guide and motivate employees towards a joint goal, achieving it promptly and with appropriate results. Employee performance depends on proper leadership styles, which vary per the outlined objectives, which may range from solving problems to innovative work (Iqbal, Anwar, & Haider, 2015). However, leaders may not act in a way that contradicts the expectations of their culture, as this would not only be uncharacteristic of them but may also undermine their upper-standing status (Hartog & D
Introduction The process of aging affects every organism in a unique way specific to each individual. The brain, as the most complex organ in a human’s body, is especially susceptible to drastic changes from a plethora of factors. The life experience of each person matters in this situation the most, as the brain’s cognitive functions develop alongside it. This essay compares the effects of aging on normal and diseased brains. Main body Human brains age at varying speeds and are not bound to lose their elasticity over time. The slow deterioration of cognitive functions is not a genetically programmed process (Nikhra, 2017). A healthy brain begins to lose its stability and the regular rate of functioning due to such factors as accumulated stress, hormonal changes, microvascular insults, changes in calcium metabolism, and demyelination (Nikhra, 2017). Therefore, increased stress (e.g., depression, loneliness, anxiety), hormonal diseases, and various abnormalities in one’s organism can lead to a faster loss of cognitive function (Donovan et al., 2016). These factors suggest that a diseased brain is generally a product of outside negative influences on a normal brain. It is possible to train one’s brain through continuous mental and physical activities to retain a high level of cognitive abilities with aging. It is worth noting that people with higher education and active lifestyles maintain their mental skills for longer due to higher cognitive reserves (Nikhra, 2017). The stored knowledge helps with social cognition in older adults, as past experiences for them are easier to access than registering new information. Another example of the effects of aging on human brains is that older people have fewer social interactions. Social status plays a vital role in contributing to a functioning brain, as more extensive social networks allow for long-term social contacts (Donovan et al., 2016). Conclusion Therefore, social interactions with older people can provide them with healthier brains for more extended periods. People with diseased brains could find themselves unable to uphold social processes, and their disease will only get worse. In conclusion, appropriate training of one’s brain in the form of physical and mental exercises helps in slowing down the loss of cognitive functions.
Hurricane Katrina, which hit several states of the US in 2005, was one of the deadliest natural disasters in the country’s history. The areas most severely impacted by the hurricane were Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi (Shah, 2005). The number of victims exceeded a thousand people, and there were some demographic peculiarities uniting the majority of the fatalities. The city that suffered the most from the hurricane was New Orleans. Specialists say that the major reason why so many people were not able to escape death was that the city’s poverty rate in 2005 was twice as big as the national one, and it constituted 23% (Heldman, 2011). Also, the city was highly segregated. As a result, there were many people below the poverty threshold who had no chances to escape even if the evacuation plan was effective. The following statistics of victims’ demographics were issued:   * 55% of people had no car to leave;   * 76% stayed in shelters together with their children under the age of 18;   * 93% were African Americans;   * the education level of 77% was high school or lower;   * 68% had no credit cards or savings;   * the household income of 57% of families did not exceed $20,000 in 2004 (Heldman, 2011). Moreover, the variety of people living the city presupposed communication barriers since there were many languages used. Taking into consideration these demographic peculiarities of the region that suffered from the hurricane the most, it seems that in addressing the questions of rebuilding and recovery, the government should have paid attention to multicultural and social justice issues in the first place. However, the officials failed to do so, which led to considerable criticism of government’s reaction (PBS, 2009). Gheytanchi et al. (2007) outlined the major failures of the government’s response to the tragedy:  1. the deficiency of communication: there was no proper communication between the state and federal government;  2. the insufficient coordination plans: there were too few resources available, and frequently, there was no possibility to fulfill some tasks;  3. unclear authority relationships: it was not obvious who was in charge;  4. the question of whether the state or federal government had to be in charge;  5. insufficient attention to natural hazards;  6. not enough preparation and questionable training standards;  7. the lack of conclusions made from the previous natural disasters;  8. the evaluation of performance was not included in the process;  9. disproportionate division of resources for Blacks and poor people; 10. too much chaos; 11. no personal readiness and too much relying upon the state; 12. an unnecessary focus on mental health recovery. These and other challenges to organizational learning in crisis management should be resolved in an effective and prompt way, especially in the conditions of an emergency. Lopez-Baez and Paylo (2009) establish two domains of advocacy competency that might have been applied in 2005: systems advocacy and community collaboratio