ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, mass media and television have taken the separate cultural domain. It reveals through a wide impact of television and movies on democratic life. Mass communication has penetrated the awareness and outlook of society on the culture. Thus, people become dependent on TV programs and movies that do not always reveal useful information. Some mass media researchers believe that television and movies should be more realistic and reveal the violence and profanity. Others insist on the fact that the main function of TV is to eliminate brutality from real life. My strong belief is that television should introduce people with cardinal virtues by broadcasting educational programs and movies with clear language and moral messages due to numerous reasons. First of all, the movies revealing violent and cruel attitudes toward people contribute to the increase of the crime rate. Many researchers figured out the consequences of watching television violence and found out that children suffer from it in most cases since it provokes aggression towards others (Dorpat, Th 30). The increase of the children’s aggression level evokes an indifferent attitude to the violence in reality. Some people while watching movies depicting violence and brutality are eager to witness bad “guys” be punished and, hence, they take pleasure from watching the cruelties. The nature of violence lies in a person’s psychological perception of violence as the cause of the conflict between people. In other words, people are unlikely to accept the good features of negative characters in the movies (Rosenberg, M. B. 18). The same concerns children who always emulate their parents’ habits believing there is only one way to punish the evil. As a result, children’s outlook on good and evil is significantly distorted and in the future children will not be able to distinguish between the actual evil and a slight offense. Moreover, violence is included in the tradition of American movies. The profanity was especially increased over several decades of the last century. Instead of movies and TV programs overwhelmed with cuss words and the usage of abusive language, media should be directed on the education of the society. The fact that the current TV viewers are more likely to watch programs overwhelmed with scandals and obscene language should make the government to think over the future of the television media. Those surveys constitute low educational level of the society and moral degradation of the population. The situation is aggravated by the growing tendency to use cuss words by TV reporters. Television journalists are free to use taboo words such as “hell” or “damn” during the news programs holding at dinner time, the time when children are likely to be at home (Gans, H.J. 244). Therefore, government policy must be directed on the el
Introduction South Korea has one of the most fascinating economic histories in the world. A country that was once threatened with war and instability, overcame all the odds to become a shining star in the Asian region and around the world. How did South Korea rise to attain its current economic status? This research explores South Korean economic rise, with emphasis on its economic progress after the Korean War. Of importance will be the country’s regime change and elements of its social and economic development and how they influenced each other. Additionally, the research will cover dramatic political move during 1970s and the social move of 80s. Background of South Korean Economy Like many other countries round the world, Korea entered a window of reconstruction at the end of the Second World War in mid 1940s. The emergence of opposing administration on the Korean peninsula was to test the progress of the region as the two sides struggled to replace the colonial government and promote economic development. 1 The U.S. military took charge of the southern region while USSR controlled the northern part by establishing a Korean rule. This decolonization process did not go unnoticed. There was severe disruption of trade between Korea and Japan, which led to immense economic interference. As a result, the U.S. administration initiated strategies, aimed at salvaging the situation. These included the privatization of all assets, which were under the management of the Japanese government. In 1948, the first South Korean government was established, which initiated land reform efforts that resulted into democratic ownership of land. 2 Unfortunately, the 1950s was to be remembered negatively as the Korean War broke, lasting for three years and resulting into the death of more than one and half million people. Besides the massacre, the Korean War equally destroyed the economic foundation, which had been laid at the end of the Second World War. After the end of the Korean War in 1953, South Korean leaders were tasked with formulating strategies, which were to promote economic growth in the region. Some of the policies augmented the expansion of native industrial firms. This idea was an emulation of most countries around the world whose economies were thriving after WWII. In order to achieve this, the South Korean government identified a number of firms in the country and bestowed certain powers upon them, which permitted them to acquire foreign currencies and borrow money from banks at affordable rates. Additionally, the administration initiated tariff barriers together with a ban on manufacturing imports, in order to promote the advancement of domestic firms and allow them to import new technology. Following the import-substitution industrialization (ISI) policy, most entrepreneurs sought to maximize on favors and bribing of politicians and other influential people in order to advance their interests. Nevertheless, this behavior commonly referred to as directly unproductive profit-seeking act
What are the main means of economical development? Why are there developed and developing countries? How can developing countries become developed ones? These questions have become the current issues of modern society. The government of every country thinks over the ways of improving their economy. The main differences between developed and developing countries are not in their inequality of resources but in the disparity in knowledge. More than that, the wealth of natural resources in some cases may be the curse for the country as far as raw materials are usually cheaper than manufactured goods. The developed countries aim at the developing of high-qualified industries which produce ready-made goods for higher prices and they have a lot of advantages for the development of their economy. The development of the economy depends on the development of economical studies. New-developed strategies help to increase the economical growth of the country. The main problem of the current economy is different market imperfections such as imperfections in finance distribution. The well-developed sector of economic studies is looking for remedies to such market imperfections which help to take the country away from the crisis. Knowledge is considered to be a public good that is why the accumulation, adaptation, absorption, production, and transfer of knowledge are the keys to economic development. The development of a “learning society” is the basis for the development of the economy. There is no doubt that investments in infrastructure, technology, and education are profitable for the country. Stiglitz points out the root for the economical development in the education system. The secret of many developed countries is the reasonable economic exploitation, knowledge accumulation, policies, and institution-building. The process of accumulation of technological and organizational capabilities plays a crucial role in the economy. Emulation has become the notion that describes the current economical state of many developing countries. They try to imitate the way of development of other leading countries to increase the level of their economy. There are some cases when catching-up countries not only emulate the leading ones but even “leapfrog” them in the production of the newest technologies. It happened when Germany and the USA leapfrogged England in electromechanical engineering, synthetic chemistry, and consumer durables. As we can see, those countries are leading who invest in scientific development. Stiglitz’s point of view may be taken into account in any area of our life. The main point of success is knowledge. Knowledge is power. Those people are successful who have more knowledge than others. That is why I need to gain knowledge during my studies as far as it is the most profitable investment in my life. There are a lot of people who spend their money on different goods, pleasures, and entertainment. This money is spent unreasonably. The money spent on education will provide the percents from your investment during your whole life. T
Sergei Natanovich Bernstein was a Russian Jew born in Ukraine and grew up in Odessa. His remarkable life can be characterized by tenacity because he never gave up even when he lost is father – the provider for the family – when he was still eleven years old. He lost not only intellectual guidance, financial support but also emotional stability that could have been provided by a loving father. Nevertheless, in spite of all the hurdles placed before him, Serge Natanovich Bernstein persevered and in the process contributed to the development of mathematics in particular and humanity in general. Personal Information Sergei Natanovich Bernstein was born to a Jewish family in Ukraine (O’Connor & Robertson, 2010). As the saying goes the apple does not fall far from the tree and this was exemplified in the life of Sergie Bernstein because his father was not only a medical doctor but was also a well-respected professor at the University of Odessa. Unfortunately his father died when he was only eleven years old. He persevered in his studies until he completed high school. After graduation from high school Sergei followed his elder sister who was studying in Paris. His sister went to Paris to study biology but after her graduation she decided not to go back to Ukraine and instead opted to stay in the French capital to work at the Pasteur Institute. This decision was a life-changing event for the young Sergei as well. He has now the means and the confidence to stay in Paris and study there. Educational Background He graduated from high school in the year 1898 (O’Connor & Robertson, 2010). After the death of his father the strength of the family transferred to mother and elder sister. It is therefore important to note that the decision of her elder sister to stay in Paris, to take up residence and work there allowed Sergei Bernstein to also study in prestigious French colleges and as a result solidified an already impressive foundation in mathematics owing to the fact that his father was a professor and without a doubt taught him the fundamentals of mathematic early on. Sergei decided to learn mathematics in Paris. He chose to master mathematics at the Sorbonne (O’Connor & Robertson, 2010). However, after one year of studying mathematics in this world-renowned educational institution, Sergei decided that he would rather become an engineer and as a consequence he enrolled at the Ecole d’Electrotechnique Superieure (O’Connor & Robertson, 2010, p.1). Nevertheless, he continued to sustain his interest in mathematics and therefore in the years 1902 and 1903 he spent time to study at Gottingen (Sinai, 2003, p.81). Sergie Bernstein completed his doctoral dissertation and in the opening statement he wrote: “Today all mathematicians and physicists agree that the field of applications for mathematics knows no limits except those of knowledge itself” (O’Connor & Robertson, 2010, p.1). He submitted his dissertation to the Sorbonne and the professors who examined his work were greatly impressed by output of the young Bernstein (Sinai, 2003, p.82). He defended his work in 1904 (Grattan-Guinness, 1994, p.1329). It was an impressive work because the thesis solve
African Americans also known as Afro-Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States bearing origins from any of the black populations of Africa. There was huge discrepancies of occupation of black Americans and the natives in distribution of work as it is has been discussed by (Amott and Matthaei, 158) which is summarized herein below on the distribution of African American workers from 1900-1060:   * The trend in agricultural sector shows a decline in its populace involved in agriculture actively.   * In the manufacturing sector, the trend is upwards with the percentage representation of African Americans increasing with time.   * Private household’s service has a declining trend as women have been revolutionized with time and are now involved in other jobs outside the house.   * Private household sales also experience a decline due to women moving to the public domain (Amott and Matthaei, 156).   * Clerical occupations have an up swing due to African Americans getting adequate education and now match the standards required of these jobs.   * Professional and technical jobs also see many African Americans engaging in due to the revolutions and anti racist movements that broke the yoke of discrimination.   * Managerial, administrative and official positions have seen a decline due to hardcore racism that is still attached to holding such positions with regards to African Americans. Some of the reasons why the African American has been in the bottom ranks for jobs are discussed here below: Racial segregation: it has a declining trend due to anti racist movements which have received considerable impacts in America. By 1640’s, a racial caste system began to develop and the blacks were coerced into life lifetime servitudes as slaves ((Amott and Matthaei, 143). This was reinforced by the Virginia law which stipulated that the child of any slave automatically became slaves too without regards to whether the father was also slave or not. This law portrayed racism, greed, piety and sexism intensifying vulnerability of women to exploitation. Colonists who owned property also classified African Americans into economic and subordinate cartels. This led to escalations in racism with ideologies that prevented the people from the southern from forming unions against the white elites from the region. Europeans developed racial superiority theories to afford justifications to race promotions hence claiming rationality and self control. Others included voter restraint/disenfranchisement in the southern states, deprival to economic achievements or national resources. Overt Discrimination: Deliberate racial discrimination which comes from hiring is still evident. Employers were reluctant to offer interviews where they suspected the applicant to be a black. In fact, as revealed in chapter six of this book young Black men were generally taken for criminals and denied jobs by employers. However, the legacy of racism, slavery and discrimination, African Americans were top in educational, economic and soci
Price elasticity is the category that characterizes the reaction of consumer demand to changes in pricing, i.e., it defines consumer behavior when the price is altered. If a lowering of the price leads to a significant increase in demand (>1), it is considered elastic. Conversely, if a substantial modification of the price leads only to an insignificant change in purchase rates, the price/demand are inelastic. In the situation 2 of the experiment, aggregate demand for cigarettes was inelastic − only 0,4%. In the situation 3, individual demand for KitKat was very elastic − 2%. Aggregate demand was elastic as well but a little bit lower − 1,12%. It seems like individual preferences define demand to a large extent. Additionally, since the income level was the same for everyone in this case, the presence of substitute products in the market, as well as their prices, also largely motivated consumer behavior. For instance, in the situation when the price for a package of KitKat increased by 50%, the individual consumer decided to buy 3 Snickers bars, but when its price was merely €1, the consumer bought 2 pieces of KitKat and only 1 Snickers bar. When the price for preferable goods did not change, the individual’s behavior did not change as well. The behavior of the individual purchaser is characterized by rationality − he aimed to achieve the most optimal number of benefits, i.e., the quantity of food vs. the amount of money spent. He consistently chose 2 drinks and 2 snacks of different brands depending on their current prices. At the same time, aggregate behavior was rather unpredictable and irrational. For instance, the demand for Coca-Cola varied from one situation to another although the price remained the same. It is possible to say that the changes in the overall size of the aggregate considerably complicate the identification of consumer motivations.
Modern American literature is presented by numerous writers and poets, which present their pieces of work on different topics and of various styles. The tendency of combining science and literature appeared while the last decades. As a result, the authors present interesting works. For example, medicine and its directions have found reflection in modern literature. Moreover, these works are rather interesting and they have already found their army of fans all over the world. These works are really original but it is necessary to make some efforts in order to understand such verse correctly. These poems are set in sections, depicting the parts of the human body, gap and blissful bodies, world, animals, digits, substance, and time. There are some representatives of this literature direction that have already gained their recognition among the readers. Alice Jones with her anatomical poems about cells, blood, and larynx can be associated with this group of authors. The readers know Alice Jones as a famous author of poems with anatomic content. All her verse has a certain type of tone, giving her poems a particular sounding. In accordance with the definition, the tone is a kind of literary technique that is used by the author to show his or her opinion towards the subject of the poem. Due to the tone of the verse, it is possible to understand what mood and character the author has, her opinion and attitude towards the hero or the things the author describes: “For tones, the things could be different. A lexically high tones have a great influence on the surroundings, in particular on the speakers and readers” (Yip 96). In the poem, The Larynx Alice Jones tried to use a serious and at the same time informal tone in order to show all the significance and the necessity of the larynx. Anatomic terms used in the poem give the shade of some mystique and evoke the readers’ interest. Jones compares the larynx with the wings of a bird and tries to show that we can not exist without larynx like a bird can not fly without her wings: at our core, where lip-like folds stretch across the vestibule, small and though, they flutter, bend like birds’ wings finding just the right angle to stay airborne; here
It is evident to many that it is difficult for a sole individual to make changes in the political system of a country, especially in the United States of America. However, many can attest to the fact that there is power in numbers. Political institutions are due to respond to voices of groups rather than to the voice of an individual. In that case, it has been common for individuals to form groups and raise their grievances, proposals, and demands as one. An interest group refers to an association of individuals with common interests, concerns, and goals who come together to address government policies affecting them. They constitute of public, religious, economic, government, and civil rights interest groups. These groups are increasingly becoming a trend because of their influence on the political platform. This article focuses attention on a civil rights interest group that is vibrant in Ohio. The interest group under consideration is the Equality Ohio group. Equality Ohio is an unprejudiced and nonprofit organization that fights for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community in Ohio. The Members formed this civil rights interest group in 2005 following passage of the Ohio issue, which barred the government from acknowledging same sex relationships and marriages. Equity Ohio headquarters are in Columbus, Ohio. The group has offices in main towns nationwide. This organization constitutes of about 30,000 members. In general, this group seeks to ensure that the state government puts member on a level ground with other straight citizens. Further, it seeks to see that the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community has equal rights in terms of sex orientation, gender identity, equal chances of housing, equal employment opportunities and safe educational institutions (Equality Ohio, 2013). Equality Ohio just like most organizations takes sides in the political arena. The group has been active in politics as government policies affect the existence and the rights of the group. In the subsequent elections, Equality Ohio has channeled their support towards the Democratic Party rather than towards the Republican Party. In the 2012 election, this organization offered full support to the Democratic Party. In fact, they endorsed president Barrack Obama. The group’s rationale for endorsing Democrats party is the benefits they have continuously gotten from party. For, instance in the first term of his presidency, Barrack Obama accomplished a lot for the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community. Obama’s administration ensured the signing of the hate crime prevention act, the affordable care act, among other acts. These acts consider the needs of the LGBT community. Further, the democrat’s government banned laws that were discriminating against this community. These among many other accomplishments by the democrat’s government compelled Equity Ohio organization take democrats side as they felt represented. On the hand, Republican Party is conservative in nature and supports the traditional marriages system. For Example, in