ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abortion is neither a pleasant subject of discussion nor a desirable scenario. However, there will always be unwanted, unplanned, and unsafe pregnancies in women. Médecins Sans Frontières (2019) reports that “almost half of all abortions globally are deemed unsafe,” leaving 7,000,000 women and girls injured or disabled and killing 22,000 women and girls every year (para. 5). Since women bear all the consequences of pregnancy, abortions must be legalized, safe, and available to women as a fundamental right. The abortion ban does not benefit society and causes more harm than good. Reading a newspaper or doing a little research online is enough to realize that the world is full of unwanted, neglected, and hungry children. According to Médecins Sans Frontières (2019), women can seek abortion due to sexual violence, contraception failure, physical and mental health problems, and financial and emotional hardship, among other reasons. However, when the government bans abortion, it does not provide the care, support, resources, and love needed for the baby, leaving full responsibility to the woman. Therefore, there is a need for safe and legalized abortions globally. Several solutions are available to address the problem of unsafe abortions and unwanted children. Providing women with access to a safe, standardized, and judgment-free abortion procedure is essential in every country (Médecins Sans Frontières, 2019). However, while abortions should be a matter of the woman’s choice, they should not be encouraged because there are more effective and safer ways to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Therefore, it is important to educate men and women about contraception and make it easily accessible, especially in developing countries. The proposed solution would prevent millions of injuries and thousands of deaths in women, according to the statistics mentioned above. When talking about abortion, it is important to remember that there is a real human experience behind every story involving an unwanted pregnancy. There are frightened, lonely, desperate, hurt, abused, and raped women seeking a basic right to decide what to do with their own bodies. Therefore, every person should take a moment to research this uncomfortable subject and think about the consequences of unsafe and illegal abortion for women, children, and society. Everyone should realize that as long as a woman is the one going through pregnancy, whether she wants to terminate it or not should be her choice. Unless people are ready to provide the necessary support, love, and resources for the unwanted child, it should not be their decision. Reference Médecins Sans Frontières. (2019). Unsafe abortion: A forgotten emergency . Web.
Introduction Released in 1992 Noam Chomsky’s documentary Manufacturing Consent presents a natural expansion on the ideas about how information about the world is transmitted to the public at large that was stated in his book of the same name. In the film, Chomsky provides an analysis of the mainstream USA media work. Even though the book has contributed much to the understanding of the problem of mass media and their presentation of information to a general audience, with the advent of internet communications the approach to Chomsky’s suggestions differed. Thus, in this paper, I’m going to critically assess and discuss Chomsky’s analysis by considering how the advent of internet communications might relate to the operation of the three filters Chomsky singles out in his film. Chomsky’s three filters According to Chomsky’s Propaganda Model stated in his book “media serves the purpose to mobilize support for the special interests that dominate the state and private activity and that their choices, emphases, and omissions can often be understood best by analyzing them in such terms” (Edwards 8). In the film Chomsky provides his theory about three filters “by which money and power can filter the news fit to print” (Edwards 10). These filters are corporate ownership, the bounding of debate, and concision. Chomsky believes that before making some information public it goes through these three filters. The first filter “corporate ownership” As far as the first filter is concerned, i.e. corporate ownership, the business connections and personal biases of individuals and organizations may greatly affect the way the information is presented. This point of view is based on the fact that almost all mainstream media corporations are owned by media tycoons or corporations whose prior pursuit is gaining profit and ensuring their safe operation. The second filter “the bounding of debate” The second filter concerns the bounding of debate by these corporations. This means that “the mainstream media sets the general agenda, selects the appropriate topics, determines emphasis and the framing of issues, as well as careful filtering of information, i.e. the “bounding” of debate, all in the ser
Introduction The intestinal microbiome plays a significant role in the health of human beings, and people cannot survive without these microorganisms. The intestinal microbiome refers to the entire genetic composition of all the microorganisms found in the intestines. Human beings acquire these microorganisms at birth, and studies indicate that the composition of microbes in children born through Caesarean section varies from those who are born through normal birth. Scientists point out the importance of colostrum to the health of newborn babies. For instance, colostrum consists of a wide variety of essential microbes that enhance the immune system of children and reduce their susceptibility to diseases. Children acquire more microbes as they grow old. The body of a grown person is a microcosm of a microbial universe consisting of trillions of bacterial cells in different parts of the body. The total number of microbial cells in the human body exceeds the number of human cells due to the fact that microbes are significantly smaller. The diversity of microbial species in a healthy person’s gut exceeds 1,000. Studies indicate that microorganisms occupy 60% of a healthy person’s colon. Most of the intestinal bacterial belong to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes species. The compositions of the intestinal microbiome vary for each person due to different factors, such as diet, age, or area of residence (Human Microbiome Project Consortium, 207). However, some microbial species are common in many individuals. Intestinal microorganisms form a crucial symbiotic relationship with human beings. Functions of Gut Microbiome Fermentation and absorption of carbohydrates The intestinal microbiome helps in breaking down some undigested carbohydrates. Human beings lack enzymes required to digest som
Why multicultural education is needed for early childhood education in a developing society? I want to study this topic because of the increasing social diversity in schools today. I already know that prejudices and stereotypes form in early childhood and need to be addressed. I have observed some conflicts caused by the marginalization of non-Whites in educational institutions, yet I have never been in the middle of such conflicts, I try to this critically about such situations. The elimination of diversity issues will remove the obstacles to the academic performance of the diverse learners (Brown, F., Hunter, R., Donahoo, S., Russo, C., & Osborne, A. 2012). This topic is deep and contains many aspects, it is sufficient for dissertation research. How a virtual learning community can affect the improvement of students’ academic performance Technological progress has changed the learning process, this topic is rather new and needs to be explored. I have experience of participating in virtual learning; my knowledge is based on both theoretical and practical knowledge of this field. I am aware of the difficulties virtual learning carried and the challenges it contains for both learners and educators. Virtual learning is viewed as the future of education, its further development needs to be studied and projected in order to avoid possible negative influences. This topic is sufficient for the research, as there are many points of view in this field. How it is possible to use e-learning in early childhood education? The use of digital technologies is a necessary skill for the society of the future, knowing how to develop it without creating negative outcomes is crucial. I have read about useful e-learning techniques and teaching strategies during the course of my learning process. Even though I am interested in this subject, I do not have experience with e-learning which would bias my inquiry. The study of this topic will provide the field of education with more modern teaching techniques for younger schoolchildren. This topic is multi-layered and it is deep enough to support proper research. A variety of contributions provided by the interactive technologies for educating children and adolescents This topic should be studied because it reflects the needs of contemporary education. I know that interactive technologies are very attractive for children and adolescents; this is why their employment in the process of teaching could improve the motivation of the learners. I do not have personal experiences with this topic that would create a biased inquiry. Studying this subject to provide educators with a number of new and efficient tools to maintain children’s interest in learning. This topic is of sufficient interest to sustain a prolonger focus on the research. How multicultural education can address the issues of diversity and discrimination in the c
Introduction Through this report I and my team members are trying to tell the truth related to the discrimination against women in United Kingdom. In any religion, country, or culture it gives an important role to the women. All over the world women have a respectful place. But women face a lot of problems too. In United Kingdom also they face many problems. Most important one is discrimination. I found this truth through the process of an interview. The process of the interview and the positive and negative aspects of this interview are listed in this paper. Research Question Do women face discrimination in United Kingdom in ttheir workplace? It is a group work. For the purpose of this research I and my team members conducted interviews. There were four members in the interview team. We interviewed three persons – two women and one man – of different status. We selected face-to-face interview method. For that, first we called them over phone and took permission and fixed the date and time of the interview according to their convenience. All the interviewees were unfamiliar persons for us. All the interviewers self-introduced them to the interviewees. Then we asked the interviewees to introduce themselves. Then we shared some of our personal details and experiences. (Break the Ice). It helped us to talk in a friendly way. After the self-introduction we informed the interviewees that the information they give to us will be kept confidentially. The information given were very important and it showed the real picture of the discrimination faced by women in United Kingdom. We just asked some questions to the interviewees, allowed them to talk more and all team members listened to them very carefully. It prompted them to give more information to us. They gave the information with the support of facts and survey reports. Every team members asked probing questions in an interesting way, which helped to make the interview very informative. Challenges faced by an interviewer Many challenges are faced by the interviewer in an interview. Lack of communication skill is a main problem. If the interviewer fails to communicate with the interviewee in a nice manner, interviewee cannot understand the meaning of the interviewer’s question. At this situation, interviewee gives false information or vague answer. Lack of communication skill of the interviewer ruins the purpose of the interview. Inability to understand the interviewee’s fear is another challenge faced by the interviewer. A feared person cannot speak well. To avoid such situation ice breaking is a good solution. After the ice breaking section, interviewer can create a friendly atmosphere. Some interviewers lack the flow of interview. In this situation the purpose of the interview may divert. (Thoughts on Interviewing Skills). “In any case, the interviewer should create a closure climate, give the sensation that all the important points are covered and that the task has been successfully fulfilled, ind
Lending Institutions Today there is still a huge number of developing nations that require assistance from the outside. Ethiopia is one of them. Being located in Africa, it seems to have the poorest development level, including enormous issues in the sphere of healthcare. However, even though health service delivery is not decently managed, there is a lack of health and workforce financing, and health technologies, the country receives help from the outside that improves the current condition. Ethiopia is a poor developing country, which lacks the health workforce and requires health service coverage at more than 92% (African Health Observatory, 2014). It is not a part of WTO and is not supported by this organization for now. It proves that Ethiopia is among the least-developed nations, but such an opportunity is negotiated (WTO, 2016). Still, the country cooperates with international lending institutions that provide it with financial support and streamline the development. For example, the IMF helped the economy to adjust to the changes, absorbing price shocks in 2008. It lent $50 million and reduced inflationary pressure (International Monetary Fund, 2016). The help is also received from the World Bank. In 2012, more than $1 billion credits were approved to improve regional trade. At the same time, $600 million were lent, and $ 415 million were expected to be mobilized further for the improvement in education and health spheres (The World Bank, 2012). Thus, it cannot be denied that Ethiopia is decently supported by international lending institutions. It received funding that provides an opportunity to improve the economic and health situation in the country. Moreover, the political situation improves, as transparency of operations makes the general public sure that its government wishes to help. Healthy Population and the Economy The population of Ethiopia has extreme health problems because of infections, malnutrition, and poor hygiene. With the development and urbanization, the country started to receive help from the WHO. As a result, the situation improved slowly, and the mortality rate reduced (WHO, 2014). As a result, the workforce of the country increased, which means that more business operations can be maintained in the future. A healthy population presupposes decent access to healthcare services and the financial sustainability of health systems. Of course, Ethiopia is not ready to show such results, but they are likely to improve macroeconomic performance. In this way, the value of money is encouraged. Ethiopia does not have a healthy population as it lacks medical personnel and medicines. If the nation could afford them, it would have an opportunity to allocate foreign financial aid to other sectors and streamline its economic development greatly. For now, Ethiopia receives help from “Austria, Japan, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, France, EU, DFID and the USA” (WHO, 2014, p. 1). Still, this money is mainly spent on the healthcare sector. Having a healthy population, it will use
Introduction Driving plays a significant role in a person’s life. It is an act that allows people to move from one place to another with ease and convenience. In learning driving, a person is only able to move or drive a car, but other life important aspects such as attitude, efficiency, responsibility and risk management among others are earned. South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles notes that a good driver has to own likable actions which can contribute to his or her driving experience. Perhaps having an accuracy of observation, attention, and apt use of a car control can increase his or contentment in driving. Sobel and Nesbit argue that awareness of their personal limits and off the road and matching a car speed and the direction in the context can equally make driving a fulfilling undertaking (83). Driving skills are not meant for the road; a person who develops good driving can achieve success in ordinary life too. This is noted through their self-confidence, strong relationships with others, among other ethics. It is on this note that people should develop a habit of studying driving. Discussion Effective drivers are efficient. Efficiency appoints maximum output for minimum input. Efficiency drivers ensure that whatever they do has a purpose and a reason hence there is no duplication of actions and their procedures are fulfilled with utmost economy. Besides, their engagements emerge to be smooth and stylish. The drivers’ efficiency is extended to the vehicle. In this case, drivers show mechanical sympathy; they handle the vehicle’s controls carefully with coordination and feel that upholds tear and wear. They also complete their journeys at a considerably increased speed whereas using a reduced amount of gas than their counterparts with matching cars. Texas Defensive Driving content that driving is a habit, a driver gains a habit when he or she continuously drives. However, ineffective driving can be a consequence because it leads to a crashing habit. The strength of a habit lies in what a driver does when he or she don’t consciously try to concentrate on what is supposed to be done. Texas Defensive Driving offers new insights into gaining driving habits. A driver should try to see and think about the familiar. This will construct new behavior of thinking. Driving encourages responsibility. A person is the sole charge while driving hence all the decisions is perked on him or her. Drivers therefore accept responsibilities for everything they feel, think and do thus they are in control of their own actions. Drivers who avoid responsibility are always accompanied by guilt. This occurs because when they perform insufficiently they blame others or their car for their own failings. So, avoiding responsibility marries poor performance creating the feeling of being powerless and stressed. Driving demands high awareness collected by a drivers’ senses. This awareness include
Cirrhosis, the eighth leading cause of death in the United States with a prevalence rate of 0.27%, is the end result of a hepatocellular injury that leads to both fibrosis and regenerative nodules throughout the liver. In its advanced stages, it is often considered to be irreversible. Nevertheless, specific medication aimed at the fundamental cause of liver disease may enhance or even reverse cirrhosis at earlier stages. Causes of cirrhosis include chronic viral hepatitis; alcohol; drug toxicity; autoimmune and metabolic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; and miscellaneous disorders (Papadakis & McPhee, 2019). Celiac disease appears to be associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis. Many patients have several risk factors, for example, hepatitis and alcohol use; regarding the pathophysiology of cirrhosis, there two primary components: hepatic fibrosis and regenerating liver cells. Cirrhosis is a diffuse process in which the normal lobules are substitute by architecturally abnormal nodules separated by fibrous tissue (Muriel, 2017). The nodules are usually caused by regenerative hyperplasia following hepatocellular injury (Muriel, 2017). Such nodules are functionally less efficient than normal hepatic parenchyma, and there is a serious disturbance of vascular relationships (Muriel, 2017). The clinical manifestations of cirrhosis are the consequences of hepatocyte dysfunction, portosystemic shunting, and portal hypertension. Cirrhosis may have no signs or symptoms until liver damage is extensive. The common symptoms are fatigue, muscle cramps, and weight loss. When cirrhosis is advanced, anorexia is usually present, with associated nausea and occasional vomiting. Patients diagnosed with cirrhosis should be informed about the necessity to refrain from alcohol, keep to a low-salt diet, eat sugar and fat in moderation. The diet should be palatable, with adequate calories and protein, and, in cases of fluid retention, sodium restriction. General treatment includes the HAV, HBV, and pneumococcal vaccines and a yearly influenza vaccine (Papadakis & McPhee, 2019). Liver transplantation in suitable candidates is curative. Alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic live
Introduction Johnson & Johnson is an American company manufacturing pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and consumer packaged goods worldwide. It was founded in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1886; its headquarters are still there though it has subsidiary companies all over the globe. The company name is synonymous with its baby care products though it has wide range of products not only pharmaceutical but also in the allied segments of diagnostic devices and surgery. Their well-known OTC products are Tylenol, Motrin, Johnson’s baby oil, visine, Bengay, Neutrogenga skin care products and Band-Aid bandages (MBA Lectures, 2010). After starting in 1896, the company expanded first to Canada in 1919 and later to Britain in 1924. Its public launch was in 1944 listing with the New York Stock Exchange. Its strategic acquisition started with Neutrogena in 1994 and Depuy in 1998. During the period from 1989 to 1999, the company had 45 acquisitions to its credit. Johnson & Johnson began to help doctors and nurses to use sterile sutures, dressings and bandages in the treatment of wounds. This fuelled further innovative ideas to be introduced from time to time ever since. (Marketing Teacher.com, n.d). Keeping its responsibility towards environment, the company formulated in its vision statement that it should use the resources that are environmental friendly. Its major products of traditional production are Band-Aids, Listerine and Baby Lotion. As part of its healthy planet program, it sets up new long term goals every five years Their long term goals include direct purchase of low cost hydro and wind power, and acquiring on-site solar power and land fill gas. It is also maintaining the largest fleet of hybrid vehicles throughout the world (Boone and Kurtz, 2011). The Company is still remembered for its response to people who died of cyanide poisoning of its Tylenol capsules as sabotage. The quick withdrawal of Tylenol from the market alone cost the company half a billion dollars as moving cost. Ethical practices of the company are proving to be its competitive advantage (Williams, 2011). Strengths   * Workforce of 118,000 employees.   * Presence in 60 countries.   * More than 250 operating companies.   * The 8 th largest pharmaceutical business and the 6 th largest biotech business in the world.   * Recognized by the United Nations as the Humanitarian of the year for 2011 for the work of philanthropy touching lives of billions of people’s basic health care.   * Reported strong progress in the first of five year pledge to help save and improve lives of 120 million women and children in developing countries as part of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.   * Increasing sales of $ 61.1 bn in 2007, $ 63.7 bn in 2008, $ 61.9 bn in 2009, $ 61.6 bn in 2010 and $ 65 bn in 2011.   * Increased dividends paid per share $ 1.620 (2007), $ 1.795 (2008), $ 1.930 (2009), $ 2.110 (2010) and $ 2.250 (2011).   * Development of ne