ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In world history, the Holocaust is one of the worst tragedies of humanity. For 12 years, the Nazis in Germany, with the help of collaborators from different countries, attempted to completely exterminate entire nations. They subjected people to mass executions, poisoned them in gas chambers, brought them to exhaustion in the most challenging work, and conducted all kinds of medical experiments on them. The extermination of Roma people during the Second World War in Germany and the occupied countries is less discussed. However, in terms of the severity of the deed, it is no less terrifying. The extermination of the Roma was part of the general policy of the National Socialists to destroy political opponents, homosexual people, terminally and mentally ill, drug addicts, and Jews. It brought an enormous number of human sacrifices and pain to millions of people around the world. The analyzed poem is “Tears of Blood” by Bronislawa Wajs, also known as Papusza. She left behind a collection of poems, an invaluable personal experience, and the horror that the poetess had to face when her ethnic group was subjected to genocide, embodied in poetic form. The Nazis did not tolerate gypsies as much as Jews. Rabid German nationalists, forming parties, “promoted the concept of the Volk as an underlying idea in German history since the medieval era.” (Duiker, 2015, p. 84) According to the Nazi theory, racial purity was its basis, so the Roma and other nationalities, which represented a threat for this, were subject to extermination (Segal, 2018). According to some reports, half a million gypsies were killed during the war (Stone, 2019). From the woman’s recollections, her camp had to hide in the cold and hungry. Papusza’s longest poem is dedicated to this event, “Tears of Blood.” Bronislawa herself was a participant in bloody events and faced genocide, she had to survive, hiding in the forest for several years, fleeing death every day. The massage of the poem is associated with the horror of death, the inability to live like a person who has the right to do so. There is a resentment that grows into horror at the realization of an uncertain future. The work is filled with endless pain, to a greater extent, not for herself, but for children who will freeze in winter without clothes. “How to live with children in the cold of winter?” (Wajs, 2021, line 5). “No one knows, only the sky” (Wajs, 2021, line 36). Realizing that there is no one to turn to for help, they can only rely on their own strength and faith. The gypsy woman laments her fate for all the litigation she had to see and experience, grief, hunger, stones piercing her bare feet, and bullets. Thoughts about the value of life give her strength, and hence a strong desire to live is traced, to endure all difficulties, because it is impossible otherwise. The poem does relate to the bigger picture of the Holocaust. The problem of the Holocaust usually stands in the context of the Jewish nationality, while the Nazis also exterminated other ethnic groups, people with deviations, considered unworthy and unclean. A vast number of Roma suffered due to these
The essay dwells on the use of media, in the classroom, and relates to the sphere of high school education. The theory is developed from the perspective of a teacher and aims at the analysis of the classroom media employment as well as the accommodation of the reviewed sources to the school conditions. The study of the students’ performance as well as the estimation of media relevance proves that the incorporation of media materials in the high school curriculum performs three essential functions: stimulates learning commitment, develops critical thinking skills, and improves the cultural competences of the learners. The employment of media resources, in class, maybe sustained through a variety of materials such as videos, film reviews, news reports, pictures, and computer web-sites. If one analyzes the effects of classroom media use on the mastering of reading and writing skills, several advantages may be specified. Thus, the learners benefit from studying media since it activates their deductive and analyzing skills, which promotes critical thinking. Consequently, the students improve their communicative competencies as well as draw the ideas for writing. Secondly, studying media stipulates the acquisition of new knowledge while the discussion or written analysis of the sources enhances the level of cultural awareness of the students. The most critical factor, which defines the nature of good pedagogy, concerns the involvement of students in the study process. Thus, since media offers non-trivial and original learning solutions, the students tend to reveal a high commitment to media-assisted learning ( The importance of media in the classroom, 2003). The ideas about media adaptation, in class, were disclosed to me by my instructor, who tends to use video guides and picture representation. Thus, I learned that the realization of the web-resources use may be embraced in my lessons as well. In this context, I suggest the employment of short news reports with the aim of elaborating reading competencies as well as acquiring up-to-date lexis forms’ enrichment. The development of writing competencies may be assisted with using the tasks that require the creation of critical analysis of videos or short documentaries. Finally, the daily discussion of world news may be employed with the aim of the cultural awareness of the students. The suggested planning matches the expectations of the contemporary American labor market, which prioritizes open-minded and culturally competent thinkers, who demonstrate not only academic efficiency but highly-developed analytical skills as well ( Why use media to enhance teaching and learning, 2010).
Introduction Multi-national companies operate in different countries around the world. Several factors have informed their decision to operate in different localities and especially moving into the less developed countries. Their movement into and operation in those countries has raised several ethical issues related to their impact on environment, culture issues, labour relations, and quality production. The management of such companies are experiencing difficult situations due to increased ethical awareness in the less developed countries. This paper seeks to look at ethical issues that face multi-national companies in less developed countries. Corporate Ethics Ethics refers to tenets that assist rational beings to choose between what is right or wrong and as such, an ethical behaviour gets universal acceptance in a particular community (Yuksel & Guven, 2001). Ethics refers to “the set of standards used to judge the rightness or wrongness of a person’s interaction with others in terms of truth and justice” (Yuksel & Guven, 2001). This definition implies a code that people consult to judge the actions of a person in a given society. Further, corporate ethics, inferring from individual ethics, refers to regulations that regulates business operations and the behaviour of employees as well as the corporation (Yuksel & Guven, 2001). Corporate ethics and ethics in general concern moral issues of both an individual employee and of the corporation at large. When businesses operate within given laws and regulations, they are termed ethical. Over and above, ethics extends to the expectation of the community. The community expects the corporation to be ethical and in addition, be able to assist them in ways outside the corporation’s core business of the company. This is where ethics goes beyond normal operations to taking care of the surrounding community in a concept known as corporate social responsibility (Yuksel & Guven, 2001). The development of multi-national corporations has necessitated the development of global ethics, which have become a way of enhancing a corporation’s competitive advantage (Yuksel & Guven, 2001). (Sengenberger & Wilkinson, 1995). As such, ethics becomes an added capability that compliments the strategic, technological, financial and organizational capabilities of an organization . However, global ethics is a product of negotiations between different stakeholders in a particular business environment and as such, it is neither absolute nor relative but consensus based ethics . This does not mean that broad tenets do not exist where global ethics is concerned. Generally, “respect for human dignity, respect for basic rights and good citizenship” inform global ethics . Globalisation Globalisation is multifaceted concept that not only encompasses liberalisation of business practices but also includes the transfer of labour, capital, technology and capital (Mirwoba, 2009). Globalisation exhibi
Abstract Food fraud is a common problem in the food value chain. Isotopic composition analysis is a renown analytical method that detects food fraud by measuring the relative isotopic composition of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in samples. The purpose of this study was to use isotope ratio mass spectroscopy (IRMS) to determine isotopic disparities of 15 nitrogen, 13 carbon and 2 hydrogen in six cheese samples and distinguish them based on geographic, geological and agricultural practices. An IRMS coupled with an elemental analyser was used for the tests after which isotopic differences were tabulated. Italian cheese had the lowest δ 15 N (‰) of 4.74 followed by Gruyère cheese from Switzerland (δ 15 N (‰) of 5.78). Cheese from Ireland and England had the highest d 15 N (‰) values of about 7.2. Goat milk cheese differed from cow milk cheese despite having the same geographical origin. The δ 13 C ranged from -22 to -28 for all the samples, whereas δ 2 H ranged from -76 to -120. Post-analysis chemometrics was not conducted. Therefore, it was not possible to cluster the various cheese samples into different geographical regions, geological conditions and agricultural practices. However, the results corroborated the literature values of stable isotope ratio data for cheese produced in various regions. Introduction Food fraud entails intentionally changing, corrupting, wrongful labelling, replacing or messing around with food products at any point within the food production and supply chain. These activities can be done for financial gain by raising the apparent value of the commodity or wrongfully reducing the cost of production, which can pose danger to consumers (Frew & Cannavan 2015). Misrepresentation can happen when an item is passed off as originating from a given country (Abbas et al. 2018). Fraud hampers market growth by destroying consumers’ confidence in food commodities. Food safety is crucial to the food manufacturing business, food vendors, distributors and regulatory bodies because of its possible direct effect on public health. Apart from ensuring food safety by precluding microbiological, chemical and tangible risks, measures are in place to fight the dangers of food fraud (Fritsche 2018). Several analytical techniques are currently used to counteract food fraud. They include chromatographic approaches such as liquid and gas chromatography (Hong et al. 2017) and spectroscopic techniques such as vibrational, near-infrared, Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (van Ruth, Huisman & Luning 2017). DNA based methods include polymerase chain reaction, DNA hybridization, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) techniques among others (Manning 2016; Stadler et al. 2016). The commonly used isotope and elemental procedure is isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is an analytical technique that quantifies the isotopic ratios precisely and accurately (Manca et al. 2006; Luo et al. 2015; Camin et al. 2016; Camin et al. 2017). This information can determine t
Article Summary The selected article indicates that all teams are unique in educational, technical, physical, and training make up. This difference explains why each group requires its unique formula to emerge successfully. All teams require constant innovation and improvement to achieve their goals. The Quality Empowerment Survey for Teams (QUEST) is an appropriate tool that groups can utilize to identify challenges and capitalize on individual and team strengths. The critical strengths to consider include recognition, goal clarity, trust, creativity, and decision-making. Supportive leaders will provide interpersonal training to deliver positive results. Corrective actions are also essential to guide every team. Lessons Learned The author of the studied article offers numerous ideas that team leaders should take seriously. The first lesson is that all teams are different and have diverse challenges and opportunities. Managers should consider such aspects and formulate the best models to make their groups successful. The second one is that leaders can apply the QUEST framework to locate potential challenges and strengths. Such insights will guide the entire improvement strategy. The third lesson is that there are specific elements that every group possesses. Leaders should, therefore, be aware of such aspects, acquire adequate resources, and develop desirable competencies to reach higher productivity levels. Finally, team managers can utilize questionnaires and interviews to locate opportunities and strengths and identify areas for improvement. Issues such as collaboration, recognition, respect, problem-solving, creativity, and decision-making will support the effectiveness of every team. These aspects will guide many groups to achieve their objectives.
Introduction The article in question dwells upon solidarity among full and half-siblings in a polygamous community. The researchers analyze relationships in families of Mormons living in Angel Park. Jankowiak and Diderich (2000) employ major concepts of inclusive fitness theory. It is necessary to note that the issue of relationships within blended families has not had sufficient attention from researchers though there is a vast amount of literature on sibling differentiation within nuclear middle-class families living in the USA. Since there is no “in-depth ethnographic study of sibling solidarity in polygamous families” or “no study of sibling solidarity among blended or reconstituted families”, the researchers focus on this issue and try to identify the correlation between family bonds and societal norms (Jankowiak & Diderich, 2000, p. 126). Notably, the results of the present research suggest that inclusive fitness theory is consistent in polygamous families. The research was conducted in the sectarian religious settlement, Angel Park, located in the south-western part of the United States. Thirty-two polygamous families (each family is a household of a man) or seventy individuals were interviewed. The research was conducted between 1992 and 1999 though most data were collected from 1997 to 1999. It is necessary to add that a snowball sampling method was employed to achieve the goal of the research. Main Body The researchers use the following forms of solidarity: “normative, functional, effectual, and societal” (Jankowiak & Diderich, 2000, p. 130). Normative solidarity is the degree to which a family member is committed to perform certain family roles or take up responsibilities. Factual solidarity is family members’ readiness to assist each other and exchange resources. Effectual solidarity is the way family members feel about each other. In other words, this is the degree of their closeness and the way they express their affection. Associational solidarity is the frequency and nature of interactions. The researchers examined three hypotheses. First, Jankowiak and Diderich (2000) assume that if ideology plays a major role in forming sibling solidarity, there should be the same closeness between half and full siblings. Secondly, if structural proximity is the major factor affecting sibling solidarity, such variables as age, gender, or degree of relatedness will have an impact on the development of sibling loyalty. Finally, if inclusive fitness is the major factor affecting sibling solidarity, stronger loyalty will be manifested between full siblings. Jankowiak and Diderich (2000) claim that the first and second hypotheses have not been proved. However, the researchers state that the third hypothesis has been proved. It turns out that family
Quality Policy for an Airline company in accordance with the ISO9001:2008 The superiority of service and universal business of Zadar Airport Limited are the chief objective of the corporation, which depends on the evaluation of customers of the company’s services. In support of this course, the criterion for quality of service is the response the company gets from its customers. By relating the technique of analysis to customer contentment, the company keeps an eye on the work quality management scheme, with the intention of attaining permanent developments based on procedure advance management. The Company administration will endlessly improve the effectiveness and dependable management scheme in agreement with valid a policy. For this reason, the management will provide the essential resources which principally involve the necessary guidance of employees and technical equipment. In addition to this, the administration will set up annual quality goals and monitor their realisation and observance with strategies. Quality goals are detailed by management levels, and in agreement with that the administration and workers analytically and completely put this policy into operation. Additionally, the policy was openly announced. Stakeholders For each stakeholder, at least one stakeholder need was identified and for each stakeholder’s need, at least five processes were identified (New South Wales Government, 2012). This has been presented in the table below. Stakeholder        Stakeholder’s Need   Processes                                                                                                                                                                     1. Through the introduction of an SMS pilot project, so as to identify industry best practices for implementation of the project.                                            2. By ensuring flight readiness.                                                                                                    Customers          Safety and security   3. Partnering with a security company. The company will be in charge of testing new security screening at the key hubs.                                                      4. Focusing on dangerous goods by ensuring that they are all properly declared.                                                                                              5. Ensuring passenger health and safety on board company’s flights.                                                                                                          1. Making a significant part of the costs employee related.                                                                         Employee           Progress              2. Reconstruction of debt structures, and workforce basics.
Cost of the Shipment of Goods Because the production of aircraft is based on supply chain management, the logistic activities should be carefully planned. Specific focus should be made on the delivery and shipment of spare parts (Goldstein, 2002). All these procedures also contribute to the expenses of shipment of goods. Transportation Costs Choosing Embraer Jet for transporting goods across Brazil can significantly reduce the transportation costs because the company can sustain a competitive advantage over other world-known brands, such as Boeing and Airbus. Handling Expenses Pier Charges Pier charges should be gathers from shipments on domestic territories, as well as from foreign ships. Wharfage fees Warfare fees are also associated with the handling expenses. The aircraft company, therefore, should ensure that there are quays where shipment procedures could be carried out. Embraer Jets, therefore, must consider expenditures spent on reaching specific destinations within the specific terms. Such a strategy corresponds to the international standards that contribute to efficient expertise in cost management (Cateora & Graham, 2011). Loading and Uploading Charges Loading and unloading charges should be carried at specific locations with warehouses for storing goods. Therefore, it should also consider the costs the company undergoes while planning destinations and transportation of goods and passengers. Defining the most popular location is important. Insurance Costs Embraer Jets insurance presupposes that experienced agents invite underwriters who can establish favorable rates (Peng, 2009). Hence, Embraer aircraft can provide expert agents who will consider the most effective conditions and ensure the highest discount rates. Customs Duties Customs duties procedures should also be introduced to enhance protection mechanisms and improve the quality of goods transportation by Embraer Jets. Important Taxes and Value-added Tax The taxes should be imposed on imported goods. Wholesale and Retail Markups and Discounts The evidence proves that wholesale markups vary, but the average rates will amount to 20 % of the production costs. Discount types will be practiced during the flights to foreign locations, including the United States. Compensation deal is another type that should also be introduced. Company’s Gross Margins Retail Price Due to the fact that Brazil includes mostly large-scale retail outlets, including such stores as Walmart, it deals predominantly with small-business companies (Bell, Lal, & Salmon, 2011). In this respect, the purpose of airline services lies in establishing moderate prices for increasing amounts of retailed goods. Methods of Payment Cash in Advance Cash in advance payments is not widely used. Therefore, the company will not accept this method of pa
An expose on oppression in paternal institutions and subsequent feelings emanating from repression Force brings rebellion; this is a rare ‘tell away’ though it is a fact. Oppression is not the barbarianism of forcing, battering and inhumanly treating, but suppression of rights while maintaining humanity, secluding and inspiring self believe to avert freedom of the self. However, upon departure of the oppressor, the oppressed first experience grief and profound pain and loss. It is during the process of healing and coming into terms with the departure of the loved oppressor that one realizes the beauty of life, the sweetness of freedom and the core values of individual moral obligations to govern his perception, beliefs and social freedoms and rights (Chopin). This context is well defined through Mrs. Mallard in the contemporarily story ‘the story of an hour’. The writer draws out marriage as a confinement, a notion shared in ‘the yellow wall paper’. The two stories feature confinement and madness as progenies of suppressed oppression. Mrs. Mallard is a classic case of