ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is apparent that exercise is the main pillar of being healthy especially at old age. In most cases, exercise is perceived as an exhausting and to some extent, a painful activity. However, it is imperative to note that exercise is the most beneficial way of overcoming falls during old age. Researchers assert that physical exercise can slow or even reverse the effects of aging (World Health Organization, 2002). Hence, the concept of physical exercise has been taken seriously in most communities as part of facilitating healthy living of aged people (Yeom, Keller & Fleury, 2009). Moreover, exercise is composed of myriad of tasks that are delivered using assortment of methods. In this case, there are several benefits derived from exercise. This brief offers a succinct analysis on why training program is beneficial to homes for elderly people. To begin with, there are certain risks that are associated with aging which may times result into falls (Costello & Edelstein, 2008). In elderly people’s lifestyle, fractures are sometimes inevitable. Therefore, there is need to put in place preventive measures in order to eliminate any possible risks and side effects of aging. One of the common visible effects of aging is that it results into fear and anxiety among the aged population. Consequently, they may end up living low quality lifestyles (Costello & Edelstein, 2008). It is evident that aged people are depressed by fitness barrier which come as a result of poor health and injuries (Center for Physical Activity in Aging, 2003). In addition, aging reduces individuals’ ability to perform cer
Introduction Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBSA) is an organization that provides health insurance to more than 99 million Americans (Bailey, 2013). It comprises health insurance organizations and companies. The association offers health insurance to people in all American states and participates in administration of Medicare. It offers health insurance coverage to all government employees under Federal Employees Health Benefit Plan. In 2010, claims emerged that some organizations under the association were engaging in antitrust activities thus affecting the healthcare market negatively. They were increasing insurance rates by avoiding competition thus creating a monopoly (Bailey, 2013). The association was accused of running an anticompetitive scheme that resulted in high costs of insurance premiums and healthcare services. Anti-trust case The anti-trust case involving Blue Shield and Blue Cross Association involved running of an anticompetitive scheme. The scheme led to high costs of insurance premiums thus making healthcare services unavailable to many people (Hylton, 2003). The association benefited greatly because they dominated the health insurance market in the United States. The
Introduction Limited information is found on how economic enterprises can incorporate business ethics and social responsibility as a means through which their primary objective of shareholder wealth maximization is achieved (Hawley 1991, p. 714). This lack of ethical considerations seems to be not only confined within the academic sphere but there is evidence of it taking a toll in the realm of corporate practice in the economy. Enterprises have ignored the ethical concerns in strategizing on how they will achieve their goal of wealth maximization. Through their total disregard of ethical issues, corporates are assuming that the mere pursuit of the wealth maximization goal meets the social responsibilities that could possibly be expected from any entity. However, there has been limited research and analysis of the ethical foundations and the perceived implications of the goal of shareholder wealth maximization. This paper seeks to analyze to what extent the corporate world incorporates business ethics and social responsibility in pursuing their primary objective of maximizing the shareholders’ wealth and how this pays back in terms of increased returns to the shareholders. It highlights the main differences between the goal of profit maximization and that of wealth maximization and the role played by market forces in the pricing of stocks within the shareholder wealth maximization paradigm. It argues that empirical and theoretical evidence on this subject will most usually lead to overlapping interpretations (Smith 2003, p. 58). Share Holder Wealth Maximization Since Milton Friedman’s largely criticized position that “the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits”, the ethical aspect in the maximization of shareholder wealth has been given a wide consideration. In order to build a logical analysis of this notion, it is of paramount that we understand the crucial link between the two distinct goals of a corporation, i.e. Wealth maximization and profit maximization. While the two may share some similarities, they are also characterized by various inconsistencies as analysed by Solomon in his work, (Solomon 1963, p. 2). For instance, profit maximization as an objective best suits a traditional macroeconomic market which is characterized by minimal uncertainties; the entrepreneur is the main decision-maker, the shareholding is fixed and determines within a given period. This kind of business structure is especially of great utility in analyzing the variables, i.e. Prices of raw materials and end products, production level etc., which occupies a central position for any corporate whole. According to Winch (1971, p. 14), profit maximization goes hand in hand with the ethical goal of the utili
Abstract Career management is all about the nurturing and building of one’s reputation and skills. This issue has been described by many scholars as a very fundamental venture, especially in this twenty-first century. Many people are known to be good managers of their finances, children, homes, and even relationships. There are however few good career managers. Management of one’s career can be quite a bother and pain in one way or the other. Many people who are carrying out career management in their lives have been compelled by various reasons. These include stiff competition in the job market. It is very clear that a job is never as demanding as the overall efforts of carrying out research and even securing a job. Career planning is an integral part of career management. This involves different stages like self-analysis, goal setting, opportunities, matching and mismatching, action planning, implementation and finally reviewing the plans. Introduction Today’s job market is quite competitive in nature. This makes career management to be a very essential topic, especially in this twenty-first century. This topic can best be defined in many words. It is highly linked to individuals making decisions and choices in line with their professions of choice. It is also very clear that the current business environment is more challenging than before and therefore individuals have the challenge of revisiting this process more often. Career management is a topic that is relevant and also carried out both at the individual and management levels. Career management is more so important to working people. This topic is closely linked to stress management. It is also very important that careers that have no boundaries be managed too. This venture also involves individuals taking care and the overall control of their development. This paper is an in-depth analysis of career management topics. (Ball, 2006) Overall view Research shows that employers may not be highly concerned about their employees’ careers. It is therefore very essential that individuals be responsible for their own career development. This is vital as it affects their portfolio and their employment status in the long run. An essential aspect of career management is career planning. This is where there is the involvement of step-by-step actions or processes. In this case, the person involved chooses a career goal. The next step involves the formulation of different strategies that enhance the achievement of the goals chosen. After strategies are formulated, there is continuous reviewing of the individual’s progress in the career and thereafter the corrections are made accordingly. This is highly known to be continuous in nature. It can actually take quite a long time and sometimes an individual’s lifetime. Research shows that many peopl
Introduction Integrity is something inherently personal, yet also is something broad, even overwhelming. It may stem from a single person, but it envelops almost every part of our society, every department of government, runs in the veins of every philosophical thought. Therefore, integrity also plays a major part in the legal system and is studied thoroughly both from an ethical and legal perspective. That is why this work will discuss integrity as a whole, will provide the author’s opinion on the subject, and also highlight different interpretations of the term from various academics, while studying its place in the criminal justice system. Defining Integrity When discussing Integrity from the perspective of any science or discipline, it still will always be about wholesomeness. It is a crucial part of the development of any person; it can be both inspiration and motivation. From a personal point of view, integrity is an amalgam of ethics and morals that shapes one’s outlook on life. It is also a backbone that keeps a person strictly on a path of his principles. Integrity is also honesty, yet not honesty in its broadest and simplest sense. Integrity, first and foremost, is being honest with oneself. It is plausible to say that Integrity is truthfulness; the truthfulness of one’s character. From the position of behavioral science, integrity is both the accuracy and precision of action. It is the consistency of one’s behavior. Having the developed system of personal values and beliefs, being able to follow those beliefs thoroughly, is what integrity is all about. True integrity is not stagnant. Value systems can improve, beliefs can be broadened, a character can develop new principles, but an ethical core of a person will remain the same while adjusting to the new experience by spiritual fundamentals. In my opinion, integrity is always a virtue. According to Ridge (2015), “Integrity is often mentioned as a requirement for leaders in general” (pp. 52). But, objectively speaking, integrity may devolve into something despicable, even harmful. The lowest parts of integrity are stubbornness and selfishness. One can say that the extreme manifestation of integrity is zeal. Without no sense or responsibility, overbearing integrity can shape the very narrow mind. My personal belief is that integrity is all about willpower. The willpower to follow through. To me, it is not even about the righteousness of one’s judgment; it is about doing what you think is right. Being unflinching, even before the huge amount of adversaries; following your vision, even when nobody supports you. This is integrity for me. It is an import
Theories of identity Personal identity is crucial to the well-being of a person. Individuals with the identity crisis find it hard to fit in any human context. Most people involved in criminal activities have either social or personal identity problems. Teenagers and adolescents are more susceptible to social identity issues because it is at this stage of life that people discover their core identity (Tajfel, 2010). The human body contributes a great deal to an individual’s identity. The relationship between the body and the psychological aspect of life explains the misguided actions of most young people. Social identity theory At teenage, people’s bodies begin to form certain aspects that define the identity of a person. As the physical and biological changes of the body occur, the social and psychological development of people continues to change. At this stage in life, people would feel more comfortable interacting with certain groups of people and not others. The association or avoidance of certain groups helps a person to develop a certain sense of identity (Miell, Phoenix & Thomas, 2007). In addition, people alter their body appearances to redefine their identity. The brain, on the other hand, determines how people feel about themselves. Therefore, the physical body and the brain functionality have a significant impact on an individual’s sense of identity. The social identity theory explains how the social aspect of life affects and shapes the identity of a person. Human beings are social beings, and they constantly have a desire to belong. Therefore, people tend to form groups that define their identity in many ways. An ideal example of common groups around the world that define the identity of peopl is the different social status groups. People always assimilate the characteristics of the groups in which they belong, to their personal identity. In some situation, people choose certain ways of life like the kind of houses to live in or the type of cars to drive depending on group identity. People of a particular group discriminate against those of other groups as being superior or inferior to them. The superior groups maintain their positions and identity by intimidating the inferior groups while those in inferior groups make efforts to improve their status. The group mentality causes people to think in a “we” perspective rather than an “I” perspective (DeLamater & Ward, 2013). An individual would fail or refuse to do something that is of importance to them simply because the action does not fit with their group identity. As such, the social identity propagated by the group becomes the core identity of people within that group. Relationship between the theory and disabled people’s identity The social identity theory explains the group identity assumed by people with physical disabilities. The fact that these people possess certain complications in their physical bodies helps to bring them together. Today, there are many organizations and movements formed by people with disabili
The main key points of the chapter “Analyzing and Anticipating the Audience” of the book “Business Communication” by Guffey & Loewy include primary and secondary audience profiling, an adaptation of writing techniques to a specific audience, and the importance of implementing the ‘you’ viewpoint. In order to address the audience in a way that is appropriate, it is important to consider the level of formality, observe the tone of the language, engage in a way that is concise, and include sufficient background information. The selection of an adequate channel is also fundamental to the successful analysis of an audience. Communication channels can be distinguished on a number of factors, including depth, price, and the purpose of the message. For instance, channels such as face-to-face meetings, in-person oral presentations, online meetings, and conferences allow for more in-depth communication. However, they are also more high-cost and time-consuming to implement. On the other hand, emails, teleconferences, voice messages, videos, blogs, reports, and social media posts allow for less interaction but can reach a wider audience and is less expensive. The Purpose of the Message The purpose of a message, such as its importance, confidentiality, sensitivity, amount and speed of needed feedback, interactivity levels required, need for a permanent record, and the necessary degree of formality also affect what channel is chosen. For instance, if a manager is attempting to thank an employee for working hard, they may choose to thank them in person or during a team-wide meeting. This is because their purpose is to make sure the employee understands their value to the team, and an email or text may not be enough. Similarly, messages through private servers may be chosen for confidentiality, and emails or social media posts for keeping a permanent record of the message. 3×3 Writing Process Message writing should focus on three fundamental characteristics which present the text as purposeful, economic, and audience-oriented. Purposeful writing can be determined as writing that aims to solve problems and convey information, with each being driven by a decisive strategy. Economical writing refers to the clear and concise way in which ideas are presented. An audience-oriented text requires the writer to observe the issue of the content from the perspective of the audience and not the presenter or writer. It is vital to remember that quantity does not translate into quality, and clarity and conciseness are often more important for efficient communication. The process can also be narrowed down into three writing phases. The first phase involves the preparations for the actual text, including audience profiling and the identification of the text’s pu
Paranormal is an event that occurs when human beings develop perceptions that are beyond scientific explanation. It is an element experienced beyond conventional principles of science (Smith 9). Hence, these perceptions cannot be explained using ordinary scientific concepts. Examples of such phenomena include telepathy, clairvoyance, reincarnation, psychometric, prophecy, levitation, precognition and telekinesis (Smith 20). Indisputably, psychologists assert that it is impossible to study phenomena that are related to paranormals. According to Bryan and Sherme (7), the study of paranormal phenomena falls beyond mainstreams of science. According to researchers, paranormal phenomena are beyond scientific knowledge. In some instances, science has failed to prove and evaluate the legitimacy of some phenomena in laboratories thereby making it impossible to study them. Additionally, it is evident that paranormal phenomena are not constant and they vary in degrees from one individual to another. Furthermore, the inability to recreate evidence in a controlled environment or setting makes science to fail in justifying whether such phenomena exist or not (Smith 23). It is beyond doubt that though science can explain human anatomy, it is difficult to explain inner feelings especially in peoples mind unless they tell it out themselves. Human thoughts, feeling and altitudes are unique and vary with time making it difficult to predict them (Bryan & Shermer 67). In this case, science is only able to dea
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis defined by one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood which can be combined or not with one or more depressive episodes. There are three main types of bipolar disorder, including bipolar I disorder characterized with at least one manic or mixed episode, bipolar II disorder defined by at least one hypomanic and at least one depressive episode and bipolar NOS which does not belong to either of the subgroups. This paper will discuss the difficulties of identifying the symptoms of bipolar II disorder which is recognized as the most frequent one, the stages of assessment required for the adequate diagnosis of condition and the effectiveness and challenges of different treatments and their combination. Regardless of the fact that the bipolar disorder is the sixth recognized cause of disability in America, it is a chronic psychiatric disease which can often be misdiagnosed (Leahy 417). Diagnosing of the bipolar II disorder is complicated with its complex and diverse presentation of the symptoms. Medical comorbidity characteristic of this condition is another influential factor which should be taken into account for assessing all the symptoms in their complexity. “Medical conditions found at increased rates include coronary heart disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, dysplidemias, and hepatitis” (Leahy 418). These comorbid medical conditions can be the consequences of the reduced self-care which exacerbate the depression and stress in patients with bipolar II disorder. Practitioners have to recognize not only mania itself as the diagnostic sign for the bipolar disorder, but also hypomania and mixed states (Leahy 419). Patients can quickly move from one condition to another and try to conceal certain symptoms which are critical for diagnosing this psychiatric disease. The process of the premedication assessment is significantly complicated with the fact that patients with bipolar II disorder frequently have more than one mental dysfunction. This group of comorbid conditions includes anxiety, personality disorders and substance abuse which in their turn can increase the rates of aggressively, impulsivity and even suicidality. A comprehensive and detailed clinical assessment of the prior history of psychiatric conditions and the current mental state should be undertaken for formulating the right diagnosis, developing and implementing the most effective intervention strategies (Malhi et al 2065). Taking into account the fact that patients with bipolar disorder not only frequently do not recognize their disease, but also can have poor recollections of concrete episodes, it is necessary to consult their friends and family members for obtaining more accurate information and identifying the symptom patterns. Thus, the adequate diagnosis of bipolar II disorde
Write down absolutely everything you see in the image. Notice the colors, the objects, every possible detail. There is a seal and man on the stand-board in the open sea or ocean, both of whom look directly at the camera. The man takes a paddle, and the seal seems to occasionally hitch a ride. The orange color of the board is the brightest color of the photo, while the main color is blue. Determine the importance of the objects and pictures. Ask yourself why the photographer chose to take this particular image. Write a potential title for this image. It is possible to suggest that the author made this photo because of the unordinary nature of this composition. The proximity of a human being and wild animal makes this image especially exciting as both of them look natural. However, the author is probably wanted to show that people and animals should coexist, and it is important to be closer to each other. A title: “You are closer to the nature than you think”. What emotions does this image bring out? How do you feel? What do you think? This image causes regret for the fact that people significantly contribute to environmental pollution, and animals are often trapped in plastic. Also, I feel that the image calls for a more conscious approach towards the nature to save animals. I think that thus image should be used by the organizations that are aimed to protect the environment. Consider the message. What is the overall goal? Does the photographer want to inspire? Make us aware? Prevent something? Change? I think that the author wanted to prove that we can live together and that we should care about t them. It seems that the photographer wanted to motivate people to change, which is made in a positive way. While the majority of authors present frightening photos, this one provides an example of the peaceful coexistence of a human and animal. Determine who the audience is – the rules of visual rhetoric can be changed based on who the author is speaking to. Different audiences will respond differently. List all the potential audiences, and briefly explain why. The potential audiences are ordinary people who can be encouraged to use less plastic and sort it. Another audience is companies that can contribute to reusing and recycling plastic.