ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The case study under consideration introduces SouthCoast Institute as a rehabilitation hospital with its main intention to promote some improvements and innovations. An implementation of an aquatherapy program is the idea offered. The company expects that the chosen program can make physical therapy available for a wide range of people (Thomas, 2003). The description of the marketing planning process shows that the organization has already identified the main steps: the creation of an aquatherapy program within the next six months, search for the specialists, who can implement the program, the choice of the professional, who may build a pool in a hospital, and the integration of the services crucial for the program. The strong aspects of the aquatherapy program are: a decision to differentiate from other rehabilitation service providers, improve weak outpatient programs, and attract more patients to the hospital rehabilitation services. In addition, the medical staff is interested in this idea as they can also use the pool as a part of the workers’ fitness program. The weakness of the process is the necessity to search for the experts in the sphere of aquatherapy and the construction of pools within the buildings. A majority of the hospital workers admits that they know a little about this kind of therapy. Additional financial costs should be considered as well as the staff expansion (maybe, at the expense of the current workers). In general, the aquatherapy program introduced in the case study is a unique chance to prove that SouthCoast Institute hospital is ready to take new steps and refresh its current policy. It is always necessary to improve the existing services and think about the needs of patients. The company shows that they are able to attract more patients by means of evaluating the demands of the technological progress and developments within the environment. Reference List Thomas, R.K. (2003). Health services planning. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media. Web.
Cournot competition is an economic model wherein industries compete depending on the mass of produce they manufacture (Tirole 24). This name, Cournot, was derived from Antoine Augustin Cournot who was motivated after viewing duopoly rivalry in spring water industry. Cournot competition model is typically observed in cases of oligopoly or monopoly (Tirole 24). The basic principle behind the model is that oligopolies boast elevated yield and lesser prices than monopolies, but lesser yield and higher prices than perfect competition. The model also requires that: there are different firms which produce the same product, each firm has market power, there is no cooperation between firms and the figure of firms is fixed. A vital assumption of this model is that every firm aspires to capitalize on profits, founded on the anticipation that its own production decisions will not impact rival’s decisions (Tirole 24). Price is a universally recognized falling function of the entire output. Moreover the price functions are taken to be ordinary knowledge. The price functions can be identical or unlike among firms. The market price is placed at a height which ensures that demand is same as the sum quantity produced by every firm (Powell 57). Every firm takes the amount laid down by its rivals, assesses its outstanding demand, and subsequently acts as a monopoly. The fundamentals of this model need rivalry to be centered on the amount of a specific good produced. Generally, price goes down when more of a good is produced. However, this does not essentially apply to this model as duopolies or monopolies do not encounter demands from rivalry to decrease prices. Prices only reduce when outputs exceed demand, making the business not to produce more, and motivating rivals to act similarly. In Cournot competition model, the goods produced are identical, cannot be stored and the costs are determined by the market. Products in this model are sold and distributed right away. This model is mostly applied on agricultural products such as cotton, rice and wheat (Powell 56). Today, Cournot competition model is usually used in cases whereby businesses desire to maximize profits founded on the intensity of output. The rationale is to keep away from saturating the market so that the prices do not decrease and to guarantee production of adequate products so as to acquire the highest quantity of revenue. Businesses make use of the sum production level of the market and gauge this alongside the demand so as to compute the much that it should yield. The dissimilar businesses will operate as a monopoly by applying an identical strategy. Ineffectiveness transpires in a business where Cournot competition is present. The equilibrium cost becomes elevated than the marginal cost of production leading customers to pay beyond what they would in a case of perfect competition. Excesses are also present as there lacks downward demands for the business to decrease output. Collusions also can take place in businesses with Cournot competition. Businesses possess an incentive to lift prices or decrease production so a
Introduction According to state records, the plant was founded in 1962 by Emil Plasek whose name was common in a town founded by Czech immigrants. It was a grain storage and fertilizer distribution center for the farmers in the area with its stores on the periphery of a little town in a village of America. Initially, the plant was known by the name ‘Texas Grain Storage, Inc.’ but it later changed to ‘West Fertilizer Company’ when it changed its ownership changed to Donald Adair in 2004 . Colleen and Tim say that daily activities of the plant were left to only 13 workers with the general manager Ted Uptmore Sr included. Fire Accident From Scott, Colleen and Tim, the fire accident occurred on the 17 th April, 2013 killing 14 people and leaving more than 200 people with injuries. In addition, Hilary says that 75 homes were demolished, a nursing home, an apartment complex and middle school laid devastate, and West Fertilizer Company’s plant itself smashed . The Reuters records concerning Texas Department of State Health Services, which were not known to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), confirm that by the end of the previous year, the plant had 270 tons of ammonium nitrate in store. It is a mandatory requirement for fertilizer factories and stores to relay information to the DHS when more than 180kg of the material is in their stores. The plant did contrary to this as a person familiar with DHS operations said. According to him, the firm owning the West Fertilizer factory did not reveal information to DHS about the explosive nature of the fertilizer as it is mandated to. Bennie Thompson, (D-MS), ranking member of the House Committee on Homeland Security, argued that the facility was known to contain chemicals exceeding the threshold amount to be regulated under the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards Act (CFATS), yet they realized that DHS did not even know the plant’s existence until it blew up. In addition, Sam, the director of process safety center at Texas A&M University says that if the necessary information is not availed to organizations such as DHS that regulate the handling and storage of ammonium nitrate, as evidenced in this case, then it will be impossible to ensure that the companies operate within the stipulated rules. No nation, society or person is invulnerable to the blow of disasters. Disasters, however, can be and have been prepared for, responded to, recovered from, and their effects mitigated to a certain degree (Haddow, Jane and Damon) Law Suits The plant faces two law suits filed in McLennan County district court accusing the company of negligence in the operation of its facility, creating an irrationally risky condition that led to the fire and explosion. The law suit was filed on the Friday of 19 th by insurance companies on behalf of individuals, two churches, and businesses including a Chevrolet car dealer and a bakery . Hilary says that shortly after the April 17 e
Introduction   * Knowledge management is a part of a project that defines its success and is related directly to human resource management (HRM).   * HRM is a process of allocating the existing human resources and assigning staff specific roles and responsibilities (Obeidat, Masa’deh, & Abdallah 2014).   * Organizational commitment is staff’s loyalty to the company, according to Neyestani et al. ( as cited in Obeidat, Masa’deh, & Abdallah 2014).   * Causal links exist between KM strategies and HR processes. Agenda   * The choice of an HR strategy defines the further organizational behaviour (OB) patterns;   * The OB patterns shape the process of information management in a firm;   * The KM approach used by an organization determines its position in the global market;   * It is essential that links between KM and HRM should be established, which Obeidat, Masa’deh, and Abdallah (2014) address in their article. Objectives and Methodology   * Obeidat, Masa’deh, and Abdallah (2014) attempt at establishing a connection between the HRM strategies, the concept of organizational commitment, and the KM process with the help of quantitative research;   * A questionnaire with 54 questions was distributed with the help of random sampling among 220 Jordan consultancy companies;   * The quantitative study is carried out in the workplace setting shows that the constructs ranging from 0.90 to 0.95 affected 50% of variance. Therefore, the study has proven that there is a strong correlation between the variables. Hypotheses   * Hypothesis A: There is a link between the application of HRM approaches and organizational KM processes.   * Hypothesis B: There is a link between HRM and organizational commitment.   * Hypothesis C: There is a link between organizational commitment and KM-related issues in a company. Reward Systems In order to maintain a solid KM system, the company leader will have to introduce incentives that will encourage the staff to accept the new KM and OB patterns. Commitment in an Organization   * Organizational commitment is crucial to the process of integrating the KM system based on knowledge sharing in an organization (Obeidat, Masa’deh, & Abdallah 2014);   * Knowledge management hinges on the relationships between the staff members; therefore, the incorporation of the principles of knowledge sharing will have to be supported by the promotion of commitment among the staff;
Strontium Strontium is a vital chemical element found in Group II (II A) of the periodic table. Fundamentally, together with strontium, the entire members of this group including radium, barium, calcium, magnesium, and beryllium among others have a common atomic structure that makes them members of this group (alkaline earth metals). These members have two electrons on their outer energy level hence the name Group II. Principally, on the periodic table strontium occupies a central position in the group thus it’s either more or less reactive than members of its group. Precisely, strontium is more reactive than all the members above it in the group (e.g. beryllium, magnesium, and calcium), and less reactive than all the members that come below it in the group e.g. barium. The elemental strontium is chemically denoted as Sr, has an atomic number of 38 and an atomic mass of 87.62 AMU. The name strontium is owed to a Scotland village, Strontia, where the element was discovered. Its existence was unearthed in the year 1790 by one Adair Crawford, an Irish physician. However, it was until two decades later that a pure element of strontium was prepared by one Humphrey Davy, an English chemist. To this end, using electrolysis of a molten compound (strontium chloride), Davy was able to isolate pure metal of strontium from the compound. However, because of its reactivity in the air, the element rarely exists as a pure element. It has a high affinity for oxygen thus; it exists as a compound of strontium oxide (SEO). Naturally, strontium exists as a mineral compound and the chief sources of commercial interest include strontianite (SrCo3) and celestite (SrSo4). With regards to commercial production contemporary processes including soda and black ash, methods are known to achieve near-perfect production of strontium compounds from a mineral. To be specific, the duo processes achieve 97 and 98% SrCo3 respectively. Principally, elemental strontium can exist either as 0 or +2 oxidation states. Under ideal environmental conditions, the later oxidation state is steady enough vital for practical use since its reaction with both water and oxygen is feasible. Strontium boasts a total of 26 isotopes of which 4 happen naturally. The naturally occurring isotopes include “84Sr (0.56%), 86Sr (9.86%), 87Sr (7.0%) and 88Sr (82.58%)” (CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL and RADIOLOGICAL INFORMATION”) are the only stable isotopes. The rest are artificial isotopes and, are a consequence of radioactivity. Of great importance in radiology are isotopes 89Sr and 90Sr. These emanate from a nuclear fission process of radioactive isotopes (239Pu, 235U or, 238U) after bombardment with a high-energy neutron. This process is depicted by the below nuclear equation: 235U + 1n 89Sr + 90Sr + other fission by-products (CH
To a great extent, the Epic of Gilgamesh illustrates the self-discovery and moral transformation of the protagonist who cannot accept the brevity of his life. This is the main question that should be discussed in this paper. In particular, close attention should be paid to the quest pursued by Gilgamesh. His search has several purposes. In the beginning, the protagonist only wants to achieve immortality which can give the sense of superiority over other people. However, one should take into account that Gilgamesh is strongly affected by the death of Enkidu. Overall, his motives for starting this journey are eloquently described by the author of this poem. “Mad, perhaps insane, he tried, To bring Enkidu back to life To end his bitterness His fear of death, His life became a quest” (Mason 55). To some extent, this quote indicates that the journey of Gilgamesh is not motivated only by selfishness. Certainly, he wants to achieve eternal life, but he also wants to revive his friend Enkidu. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward. It should be noted that Gilgamesh experienced significant emotional suffering. In particular, he is overwhelmed by the awareness of his mortality. The following quote describes his experiences, “Death had taken the direction he had gained. He was no more a king But just a man who now had lost his way” (Mason 54). As it has been said before, he does not want to admit that he is similar to other mortals. This feeling is extremely discomforting to him. He does not understand a human being is so limited, especially in comparison with gods. So, he strives to be on par with divine creatures. This is one of the main points that can be made while discussing the motives of the protagonist and relations with other characters of this epic poem. Nevertheless, the reader can see that the quest transforms Gilgamesh. First of all, he learns that the secret of happiness lies in the ability of a person to live in peace with other people. Moreover, this epic poem emphasizes the sense of justice which prevents a person from mistreating others. This is one of the main issues that can be identified. Gilgamesh does not attain the initial goal of his quest, but he is able to accept his mortality. This quest helps him become a better ruler who is able to respect the dignity of others. This is one of the qualities that he lacks at the beginning of this poem. Overall, one can argue that this quest is fulfilled, but its results prove to be different from the initial intentions of Gilgamesh. On the whole, this quest illustrates the moral transformation of the main character. In the beginning, Gilgamesh can be perceived as a cruel and wayward tyrant who only wants to indulge his whims. He is not concerned with the well-being of others. Yet, the death of Enkidu and his subsequent search for immortality shows changes the protagonist. This character eventually learns to be a better person and king. So, this poem should not be viewed as a description of a physical journey. More likely, one can say that it is a moral quest that brings unexp
Fiscal policy involves the use of government expenditure and the government revenue collection to influence economy, the state of supply demand, output as well as employment. A fiscal policy influences both the overall demand as well as the overall supply. As opposed to other macroeconomic policies that try to stabilize economy by controlling interest and revenue supply, the main components of a fiscal policy include taxation and government spending. The change in revenue collection and government expenditure affects different variables of the economy, e.g. overall demand and the level of economic activities, sharing of resources and the level of income distribution. A fiscal policy should involve the following components: Successful solutions to financial crisis. These are very important as they determine the achievement of a sustainable growth. A successful solution to financial crises is exemplified by Korean authorities, whose continued support to their financial sector reduced the problems facing the economy. This reduced the need to change their fiscal policies. On the other hand, Japan’s fiscal policy failed because solutions to problems facing it were not taken care of well in advance. Solving the financial sector crises always come before solving the crises in the macro economy. Therefore, methods and means of solving challenges that face the financial sector should be clearly stated in the fiscal policy. A fiscal policy should also include a fiscal stimulus. This is very important especially when the financial crisis affects the corporate sector and individual citizens. In such cases the government can move in and assist by printing more money or borrowing from other countries and directing it into the economy to curb the crises. The fiscal policy should have specific details of the crises to ensure success in countering it. The fiscal policy that Spain has adopted is cutting down the government’s spending and protecting the rights of those in permanent employment. Spain is following this policy because, in the Euro region, it has the highest rate of unemployment. Government spending is financed by citizens through taxation and therefore, reducing the governments’ budget means that taxation on citizens is reduced. This will, however, have some negative effects on the economy. When the rate of unemployment in a country is high, the government can create an increase in demand and market for various products by increasing its purchases. However, Spain has chosen to reduce the purchases and therefore the market for various businesses’ output will be low, meaning there will be less income and a decrease in consumer spending. When the consumer spending is low, the market for various goods produced locally is further reduced. This is the multiplier effect and it will lead to low GDP and reduced employment of labor which further affects the countries current state of unemployment. Following the 1991 macro economic crisis that hit India, a series of economic changes were put in place. These reforms have worked very well in changing the economic situation in India. These reforms included removing barriers and control as well as transformin
Author’s Background   * The author is an international relations professor based at Oxford University.   * He studied at Merton College and later went to Princeton for his doctoral studies.   * He participates in the Climate Justice Dialogue, an initiative that advocates for global justice for the victims of the effects of global warming.   * He plays an advisory role in the Association for the American-based Practical and Professional Ethics.   * He is renowned for developing the international normative theory. Since 2001, he has been teaching the theory to the Master of Philosophy students at the University of Oxford.   * He founded the University of Maryland’s ‘Institute for Philosophy and Public Policy’ in the mid-1970s.   * He has written extensively on the issues of human rights and distributive justice in the context of climate change. Important Issues Raised in the Book   * Shue, in his book, examines the issue of climate change and its impact on future generations.   * The key topics covered in the book include global warming, greenhouse emissions, global climate justice, human rights, and the Kyoto protocol, among others.   * The author provides provocative insights into the role of global justice in the context of climate change. Outline Structure of the Book The main ideas in each of the 17 chapters of the book are as outlined below: Chapter 1   * Minimizing the effects of climate change should not hurt developing economies.   * The concept of climate justice: developing nations should be allowed a minimum emission level to keep the economy developing 1 . Chapter 2   * Equitable distribution of costs associated with global warming.   * Coping with the social effects of climate change.   * Fair allocation of emission costs and consequences. Chapter 3   * The rich countries’ per capita emissions must not exceed developing countries’ ones.   * A fair transition into climate justice should include population control and a sufficient mitigation budget. Chapter 4   * Global warming and fairness in emission controls.   * Disproportionate controls will affect the economic development of developing nations. Chapter 5   * The issue of distributive justice in the climate change debate.   * Different emission control st