ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to research carried out by Mohammad et al, tourism and recreation represent some of the most valuable businesses across the world. The two practices are considered important forms of leisure activities. Tourism normally provides people with an opportunity to relax, however, people at times may become a threat to natural resources and cultural heritage. In most cases, the idea of tourism is associated with beaches, hotels, visiting historic points and no links with religion at all (Mohammadiet al 220-223). When concepts of religion are combined with tourism, people tend to attach negativity to it especially from the church’s perspective. Religious tourism is, however, considered an important part of cultural phenomenon despite having numerous constituents. A number of researches reveal that traditional religion is gradually fading due to destruction of traditional values within the society. However, modern religion is vital crucial since it plays an important role in the promotion of tourism. Most of tourist trips are usually made to places, buildings, events and objects that are associated with religion without any underlying spiritual motivation (Ministry of Culture and Tourism). According to researchers, tourism and pilgrimage are closely related. Reasons for traveling as tourists and the nature of activities involved, are important areas of interest in the tourism industry. Religious tourism involves engagement of tourists in some kind of spiritual experience within the religious context. This helps in defining a specific definition of religion and its role within the society. The experiences of tourists are likened to pilgrim behaviors since interactions are based on religion and travel destinations within various countries. Spiritual tourists have a unique aim of their traveling, in particular, to see the religious sites and get imbued with their atmosphere. However, on the contrary, tourism aims at fulfilling some social and functional curiosity since most of tourism experiences involve sightseeing (Kreiner 259-270). Despite highlighted differences in meaning, some sense of commonality can be identified since tourists have almost similar experiences as pilgrims and vice versa. Spiritual tourists are regular visitors to religious destinations and monuments in search for divine experiences. They differ from pilgrims in the way that their journeys are motivated from different religious backgrounds (Deloitte). Spirituality and religiosity are represented through different modes within different contexts. Such context finds relevance in the field of tourism especially when considered in the perspective of pilgrimage. Differences occur in the motive behind many travels. However, at some point many tourists engage in the same activities as pilgrims or spiritual tourists. Spiritual tourists emerge as a result of changes and uncertainties that appeared nowadays. The term is used to create a clear distinction between tourists and pilgrims, and at the same time define the place of religion
Abstract The Constitution of the United States of America is deemed as the supreme law. It is required to be abided by and followed by all the citizens of the country irrespective of their socioeconomic status. The government organizations as well as the non-government ones must adhere to the ruling of the supreme law. The Constitution grants rights to the nation of the United States. These rights proclaim the residents of the country to be liberated and free. Nonetheless, the current political and privacy problems make the people feel that they are being deprived of their rights. The critics strongly believe that there are many loopholes and ambiguities in the Constitution which allow the government, law enforcement agencies, and the political parties to manipulate the supreme law to attain their objectives. They assert that the framers of the Constitution belonged to the upper strata of the society. Therefore, they have designed the clauses keeping in mind the interest of the upper socioeconomic class. Besides, civil liberty is being sacrificed in the name of social security. The electronic communication of almost all citizens is conducted espionage to filter out and detect potential elements of terrorism. Introduction The Constitution of the United States of America is deemed as supreme law. All government and non-government organizations, courts of law, and citizens are required to follow and adhere to the legal commandments stated in the Constitution. The clauses remain the same for all citizens irrespective of their socioeconomic class. Therefore, it is imperative that every resident of the United States
Introduction John Irving’s stories “A Widow for One Year” and “The Cider House Rules” are similar in a number of ways. These major similarities are evident through the characters of Homer Wells and Ruth Cole. Despite the stories having differences in terms of setting, the plots and other aspects, the characters of Homer Wells and Ruth Cole are modeled by the author in such a way that they make the stories bear similarities that can never be overlooked. The protagonists, Homer Wells and Ruth Cole from ‘’Cider House Rules’ and ‘A Widow for One Year’ respectively stand out as faultless, unwanted children, misunderstood by others, and having suffered rejection in their childhood based on abandonment by their parents. They are both abandoned children The “Cider House Rules” portrays Homer Wells, the protagonist, as one of the children who find themselves in an orphanage following the abandonment by their parents. As a young man, Homer Wells is compelled to live in the St. Clouds orphanage when he experiences different treatments from different foster families. He actually suffers from depression after undergoing a tough treatment in the third family that has adopted him. Ruth Cole in “A Widow for one Year” also undergoes rejection as a child whereby her mother Marion seems so much occupied with mourning her dead sons to recognize the presence of her young daughter. Marion says, “If I let myself love Ruth…what will I do if something happens to her” (Irving, ‘A Widow for one Year’ 68). She further lacks attention from her parents when they separate at the age of four. Being born because of the urge to replace the lost sons, Ruth does not receive proper attention from her parents and as a result, depression sets in following the treatment she receives. The circumstances of their birth are similar- unwanted The two characters are similar in that they are unwanted children who are forced to live with stigma because of the consequences that led to their prospective births. For instance, Homer Wells is as a result of the exploitation of women in St. Clouds and her would be parents could not take the responsibility of bringing him up. He seems therefore left in the mercies of well-wishers, who adopt him majority of whom mistreat him in the process. He lives a life without knowing what people really expect out of him although he tries his best to impress his foster parents and be of use to them. He lives with the pain of knowing that his parents could not take the responsibility and that he was different from other children. This is evident where at the Drapers an elderly boy wanted to bugger him and instead it was him who was accused of the offence considering that he was only ten years old (Irving, ‘Cinder House Rules’ 50). Ruth Cole on the other hand is born out of the urge to replace the two elder brothers who died in a fatal motor accident. She therefore however living with her real parents fails to get the attention that a child would require to lead a full life. She witness
A comparative study between Carver’s short story “The Cathedral” and Donald Barthelme’s story the balloon sanctions the reader to comprehend the essential features of metafiction. Carver’s short story “The Cathedral” explores the isolated status of human being because of various reasons. Barthelme’s story the balloon demonstrates man’s inability to live in his culture and his conscious tendency of escaping to a world of imagination or romance. Both of them suggest various views that exist in the real world and the writers employ words and symbols in both illusive and allusive ways to create fictional characteristics. In each stories reader can find fictional narrative have various characteristics such as vagueness, illusion, allusion, and ambiguity. Metafiction is related with modern and post modern literature and it is a widely accepted type of fiction that self consciously and address the techniques of fiction. The most significant features of this literary genre is it does not permit the reader to forget he or she is enjoying a fiction. It often helps the writer to express the relationship between reality and fiction. Both stories suggest the view point that reason and intellectual knowledge is insufficient for modern man to triumph over his struggles to find existential status. Through the effective implementation of specific fictional narrative both Cathedral and The balloon take up some features of metafiction. Raymond Carver’s short story, “Cathedral,” often inspires the reader to consider as an example of metafiction and the author permits the reader to experience the afflictions of isolation in the modern world. Analyzing the story reader can feel unsure about the cause of discomfort of the protagonist Robert. It is crystal clear that author have kept a complete image about the character Robert when the time of writing this story and he shows his despise in the very beginning of the story. The story suggests some concepts about the reading and creation of fiction. The story discusses the past relationship of Carver’s wife with her first husband and these narrative techniques play a vital role in demonstrating the real conflict between Carver and the blind man. Reader can feels Carver’s discomfort towards Robert through his words. “I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit. He was no one I knew. And his being blind bothered me” (Carver). His ignorance about the blind person creates dramatic diversions to the story and each and every incident in the story reveals a kind of materialist ideology that helps the reader to comprehend what to see and not see in the story. Reader cannot kno
Introduction Healthcare professionals work in different fields, such as nursing, counseling, psychology, and medicine. In order to deliver high-quality and timely care, the concept of multidisciplinary teams can be embraced in every unit or hospital. The idea of interprofessional leadership should be taken seriously by managers in charge of such groups. However, resistance to change remains one of the major problems encountered in many medical institutions. The discussion below examines the relevance of the topic “Resistance to Change” to nurse leaders (NLs). The paper goes further to describe the best practices associated with the issue and its impacts on managers. Emerging ideas that can be considered by NLs to deal with any form of resistance are analyzed. Significance The ultimate goal of every healthcare institution is to deliver high-quality and evidence-based services to their patients. NLs empower, guide, and mentor their followers in order to transform individuals’ experiences and medical outcomes. Managers in healthcare facilities or departments guide practitioners who are proficient in different fields. They also implement powerful changes depending on the targeted outcomes, goals, or practices. They can go further to introduce superior care delivery models, concepts, ideas, and technologies in an attempt to improve their patients’ lives (Kodama & Fukahori, 2017). These objectives can only be realized through the use of powerful change models. However, there will always be employees who oppose new ideas, technologies, or concepts. NLs should, therefore, be aware of such obstacles and challenges before introducing new changes. Medical professionals who understand the above predicament will be in a position to address it using evidence-based initiatives. For instance, a competent manager can utilize a powerful change model, such as Kurt Lewin’s theory (Cummings, Bridgman, & Brown, 2016). The leader will also guide, empower, and mentor
Corporate Social Responsibility Apart from satisfying the rising demands of the population, Edge Incorporated is eager to contribute to the development of the community. In the first place, it will help the local authorities deal with unemployment by creating new jobs. Simultaneously, the company will focus on being transparent and ensure that it strictly follows the laws and jurisdiction such as FDA within its area of operation. In turn, it will treat all of its stakeholders with respect by emphasizing equality and tolerance as the key values. For example, it will create a favorable working environment for the employees to support their professional growth and self-development. To achieve these goals, it will prioritize fair and honest attitude and gratitude, follow non-discrimination laws, and constantly increase the diversity of the workforce to reflect and support the concepts of multiculturalism. In turn, the company was not originally established as a social venture, as its central goals were rather commercial and did not prioritize finding systematic solutions to the complex social issues (Coleman & Kariv, 2015). Nevertheless, it can use these concepts to improve its recognition and become competitive in the market. For example, it can refer to the healthy features of its products and claim that one of the corporate goals is to promote a healthy lifestyle. Along with that, creating collaborations with local farmers will not only assist in showing its interest in health, but also it will contribute to the development and growth of national producers. Company’s Effect on Environment In spite of the fact that the company wants to be perceived as eco-friendly, it has a tendency to have a negative effect on the environment. When designing manufacturing and packaging processes, the company will have to face a diversity of dilemmas. For example, choosing packaging and disposal procedures can be regarded as the areas with utmost risks, and the enterprise has to cover these issues when establishing a plan to mitigate these challenges. Air and water pollutions could be viewed as the critical outcomes linked to these issues and irresponsible manufacturing activities (Simboli, Taddeo, & Morgante, 2014). In this case, the company will start using eco-friendly packaging and constantly controlling the usage of water. Thus, to comply with its central goal of being eco-friendly, the company has to reorganize its waste management and manufacturing processes. Otherwise, it will damage its brand image and question the appropriateness of its corporate social responsibility strategy (Simboli et al., 2014). To mitigate these risks, the main steps will include  1. proposing efficient recycling procedures;  2. using indicators to control and reduce the amount of waste;  3. dealing with the outcomes of disasters by cleaning and diminishing the source of the pollution as fast as possible;  4. creating a network with local farmers for the effective waste management. Possible Health Issues Related to Products When referring to the mission statement, the company is believed to be nutritional and offer e
Introduction Organized crime is one of the commonly reported vices in today’s society and it can be defined as an organized criminal caucus comprising more than two individuals, operating for a given duration and working together with a common goal of executing one or several illegal activities. Organized criminal gangs create well-coordinated and organized hierarchical structures, which enable them to make illegal profits or command territories. This distinguishes them from other conventional illegal practices because their elaborate management systems enable them to engage in several crimes compared to the less organized gangs. Organizational links creates a large network that enhances teamwork between criminals, which would not otherwise be possible. The form of management adopted by an organization, whether legal or unlawful, is determined by the nature of its activities the management experience of its officials. Models of Organized Crime “A patron-client organization is a group of criminal patron’s who exchange information, establish a network of connections with political leaders and government officials, and have access to a network of operatives for the purpose of benefiting the group’s clients politically and economically” (Lyman & Potter, 2007, pp. 12-76). In such groups, there is a vertical flow of power form the highest to the lowest cadre. Parton-client syndicates are secretive and use various mechanisms to dodge detection. On the other hand, bureaucratic associations have formal structures that comprise protocols, guidelines, and laws, which control and define the operations and limit the capacity of members and officials in the low cadres to make decisions. Thus, bureaucratic systems apply a red tape kind of rule. A highly bureaucratic management model in most cases makes the organization highly dependent on decisions and authority of top management; hence, wasting the skills and initiative of junior officials. However, in patron-client associations, junior officials and ordinary members have the capacity to make decisions, mobilize resources, form links, and do business without necessarily seeking the sanction of the top brass officials if such activities are helpful to the association. Furthermore, in a bureaucratic association, the administration takes responsibility when the association fails to meet its core aims, but in a patron-client business, individuals involved in the syndicate are blamed for the group’s malfunctioning. The extent of management is small since extensive chains of management are impractical. Control is also a primary challenge because it is not easy to create command oversig
Important Facts IBM, one of the key players in the IT industry with global-scale visibility, attempted an overhaul of its diversification strategy in the middle nineties. By that time, the company had a long history of successful instances of equal opportunity promotion. As early as 1899, the company hired women and black individuals as employees, which was almost unheard of at the time. Similarly, the first employment of a person with disability preceded the introduction of Americans with Disabilities Act by more than 70 years. The streak of efforts aimed at increasing diversity and equality could be traced throughout the company’s lifetime and generated significant acclaim. Also, the said actions are credited for generating nationwide responses in the form of greater adoption of diversity strategies among competitors and business entities in unrelated business segments. However, despite the prominent orientation towards diversification and greater opportunities for minorities, the situation in the company remained unsatisfactory. In most cases, the representatives of different minorities were not numerous enough to make a difference. According to the testimony of one of the senior executives, the company meetings were dominated by males to the point where females could be easily spotte
Background and Research Question Although university students are often perceived to have an advantaged position in the community and deemed immune to ill-health and morbidity, there is mounting evidence that seems to suggest that a substantial percentage experience poor physical and mental health, and that the prevalence of etiological factors that lead to various psychological deficits is higher in university students than in the general population (Mikolajczyk et al., 2008; Vandervoort & Skorikov, 2002). However, a strand of existing literature (e.g., Mane et al., 2011; Wu et al., 2009) demonstrates that much of the recent research studies on the health and wellbeing of university students has focused predominantly on self-reported risky health behaviors such smoking, drug and alcohol use, anger, impulsivity, sensation-seeking as well as unsafe sexual practices, but have failed to acknowledge the rising importance of studies on self-rated physical health by university students, which could be of fundamental value in shaping many lifestyle-related attitudes and habits that are thought to take root at this stage and persist across the lifespan (Mandal et al., 2012; Mikolajczyk et al., 2008). To address this gap in knowledge, the present study aims to investigate the perceptions of university students at Kennesaw University about physical, psychological, social, and mental stress factors within the university setting and their relationship to self-rated health. Consequently, the study is guided by the following research question: What are the perceptions of first-year undergraduate students studying at Kennesaw State University about physical, psychological, social, and mental health stress factors, and their relationship to self-rated health behaviors? Brief Review of Literature The physical and mental health of university students is increasingly gaining currency in recent years, particularly in light of the realization that adolescence and young adulthood has been associated with the onset of a substantial percentage of mental health disorders diagnosed during adulthood, and also due to the perseverance of mental illness across the lifespan (Vaez & Laflamme, 2003). Extant psychological scholarship demonstrates that “student life, especially during the first year, is a period of vulnerability during which young students establish, test and adjust new psychological identities” (Verger et al., 2009 p. 644). While it is believed that some students join institutions of higher learning with a pre-existing mental illness, there is compelling evidence suggesting that stress factors associated with university can occasion a manifestation of symptoms in this group of the population (Mikolajczyk et al., 2008), and that the prevalence of psychological distress (PD) and other associated disorders has been noted to be higher among college students than among working nonstudent populations of the same sex and age (Verger et al., 2009 p. 644). Psycholog