ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In Christopher Columbus’s “Letter of Discovery” the author provides a detailed account of the discovery of the first islands and the relationship between the Spaniards and Indians. He notes that since the plan of the serene king involves the conversion of the Indians to the Christian faith, it will be useful for him to know that most of the Indians speak the same language and understand each other well. While openly speaking about the plans of the crown, Columbus is cynical or perhaps ironic about the idea of a providential plan to spread the Christian religion in America. Columbus also explains that Indians are not idolaters, but believe that all gifts come from heaven. He describes them as kind, innocent, gullible, generous, simple-minded, non-aggressive people. Handsome Lake’s “How America Was Discovered” presents a different perspective on the discovery of America and the subsequent decision to spread the Christian religion. First of all, the author emphasizes that Jesus Christ was crucified by white people, hinting at the absurdity of the joy of repentance for the Indians. Handsome Lake also introduces the character of a handsome man who seduces first the priest of the Queen of Spain, and then Columbus to go to America to bring their cards, money, violin, whiskey, and blood corruption. The unknown young priest refuses, seeing that this is the temptation of the
Introduction Andy defines sampling as the selection of a part of the population within an area of research, which represents the entire population when conducting a research study (526). Therefore, sampling strategy is a plan which a researcher establishes to make sure that a sample in a survey is representative of the whole population they investigate (Andy 522). There are two types of sampling strategies. The first one is a probabilistic approach, while the second is a non-probabilistic approach. In this research, the probabilistic approach is tested, which consists of five types of sampling methods. They are simple random sampling, the systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling and multistage sampling procedures (Andy 523). Sampling Strategy Used The probabilistic sampling method is considered to be a more practical one. It also assists in deriving accurate results. The stratified random sampling strategy helps ensure the general population is signified in addition to the key subgroups of the people more; hence the small minority groups. It allows you to cover and talk about the minority groups in my research. In the event that the subgroup is tiny, it gives the option of using sampling fractions (f) within the strata to oversample the small group randomly (Andy 524). The research was conducted using the stratified systematic sampling method. It incorporates a few techniques and advances such as biochemical responses, Polymerase Chain Response (PCR) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) innovation (Chava and Nachmias 256). The sample size of the research population ought to be computed and would rely on a few qualities derived from the specimen information. The significant point of preference for utilizing this sort of technique is that it covers even the smallest areas within the study population. For example, having areas from distinctive localities and regions, and the rate is lower when spotting areas that were left untouched or not chosen. Other Sampling Strategies and why they were not used Other sampling strategies are helpful in research in their various fields, but they are not very desirable for this research. If the probabilistic methodology is utilized, we may risk leaving some areas untouched and ignored. Along these lines, the general point will be to use this probabilistic type of sampling, to haphazardly choose tests from diverse regions, and guarantee that samples from each population gets accepted and efficiently take an interest in the examination program and produce precise results (Chava and Nachmias 256). The simple random sampling strategy was not used in this research because it is not a statistically efficient strategy for research questions and hypotheses (Chava and Nachmias 254). It may not give excellent representation to sub-groups within the population of my research. The system
Black Friday is a major annual event that attracts the increased attention of the public. On the first Friday after the holiday of Thanksgiving, most stores offer serious discounts to mark the beginning of the Christmas shopping season. In numerical terms, these discounts may officially be within the range of 50-70%. As a result, customers have a unique opportunity to purchase their desired goods and holiday presents at affordable rates. However, this essay argues that the initial concept of Black Friday has been abused by marketers with little or no benefits for the clients. The actual discount rates tend to be exaggerated by stores, which, in turn, creates unrealistic expectations and dangerous crowds of shoppers. Thus, Black Friday in its current state is a negative occurrence that needs to be reworked or eliminated. From one perspective, Black Friday is a positive initiative that seeks to meet the interests of both buyers and sellers within the economic framework. Traditionally, holiday seasons is a major stress for the purchasing power of the population. The necessity of purchasing gifts for the family and friends often leaves customer searching for the best offers in the markets. The initial concept of Black Friday sought to address this situation by opening the holiday season with increased discounts. From their perspective, the added value on discounted prices will still be enough to cover the expenses, considering that otherwise there would not be a purchase at all. At the same time, customers are able to prepare more interesting gifts for their beloved ones while avoiding a dire financial situation by the end of the year. On the other hand, the value of Black Friday in its current state appears to be highly overrated. Historically, the announced discounts were, indeed, true, which built the trust of the customer base. People became accustomed to the offers of this season, rightfully expecting to see considerable value in Black Friday purchases. Nevertheless, today, marketers seem to abuse these expectations by tempering with their prices at the beginning of the holiday shopping season. Observations suggest that prior to announcing these discounts, certain outlets tend to increase the proclaimed original price beyond reasonable limits to make the final rate appear profitable. As a result, customers are misled into making massive purchases on the basis of lies and dishonest marketing. In addition, the image of Black Friday is compromised by the association with crowds that fill stores on this day, creating a dangerous environment in terms of physical health. Following the experience and rumors, people form lines at the entrances to shopping venues, most of which are not suited to host these amounts of visitors at once. In pursuit of good-value offers, customers often behave in an uncivilized manner, pushing and hurting each other physically with a non-verbal consent of the staff. With crowds of people filling the narr
The discovery of gold deposits in Victoria Australia changed the country’s economy fundamentally. Edward Hargraves is claimed to have discovered small amounts of gold in a water hole in Bathurst. As a result, there have been numerous developments socially, economically and environmentally. This discovery led to an influx of immigrants into Australia (Government of Australia Para 1, 6, 13). However, the most significant developed is on the economy. Numerous mining companies being formed by entrepreneurs who sought to exploit Australia gold reserves. One of the biggest mining companies in the Australia as well as in world is Newcrest Mining Limited (NCM). NCM is an explorer, miner and exporter of gold and copper. Its activities are centrally located in Australia but with branches in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. In 1919, the company changed its name from Newmont Australia Ltd. The company business model involves controlling regions with the biggest potential in gold deposits such as Cadia and Telfer as well as joint ventures and outsourcing with local and international firms interested in exploration, mining and export of minerals (Invest Smart Para 1-4; Newcrest(a) Para 9). The company’s fortune took an upward trend, mostly because of the appointment of Mr. Ian Smith as the new CEO in 2006, which resulted in the company achieving positive results for first time since 2001. It is planed that by 2014, the company will, increase its gold pdrodcutin significantly to 2.3 million ounces (Fat Prophets para 7, 9). By the end of the year 2009, the company controlled about 17 business entities in mining supplies, exploration and exporting. As such the company has a very healthy business profile which yielded A$248.1 million after tax profits for the year 2009 (Newcrest (a) Para 14). This report thus endeavors to give a comprehensive analysis of the company especially in regard to its financial performance and the effects at the local and international level. The financial performance as well as the business model of NCM was affected largely by the global financial crisis, which started in 2007, and the effects are being felt currently in some quarters. The crisis has been attributed to several factors such as the collapse of the mortgage industry in the USA, while some technocrats have credited the banks in US for involuntarily triggering the crisis by offloading their bad loans as securities (Shah para 17). the crisis was so catastrophic that even the most developed countries has to commit colossal amounts of money to save their financial sectors (para 1). The mining industry was nom exception and the effects were severe. This is because the industry depends a lot on the fluidity of major world currencies. When the exchange rates are affected, the supply of minerals across the globe is also affec
In my opinion, defining the term “family” is extremely difficult. Still, the definition provided in the text by Turnbull et al. highlights certain important points (6). First of all I like the way it emphasizes the voluntary basis of family relationships. Naturally, we do not choose our biological parents. A century ago, we would not be allowed to choose our spouses either. Nowadays one may say without any doubt that the family includes the people we regard as close ones. In the real life, people may be connected with blood relations but stay very distant. At the same time, those who are not related legally or biologically may consider each other to be close. Specific situations should be taken into account. For example, orphans may have no parents but still have people who they regard to be part of their families. Gay couples that live in countries where homosexual marriages are not legalized still regard each other as a family without being married officially. At the same time, the second part of the definition is also significant. It is obvious that to be regarded as a part of the family, a person needs to fulfill certain functions. The functions of a family are another complex issue, but it seems to me that it is common for us to expect family to be supportive. From my own experience, it is the lack of support and understanding that drives relatives apart. On the other hand, when a person becomes especially close and offers support, respect, and love, you begin to regard him or her as a part of your life and, possibly, family. It appears, indeed, that living together, being officially married or blood-related is not necessary to become a family. All of these factors may be a by-product of family relations, but in the end it is the perception that matters. It is not uncommon for young people to leave the house of their parents, but that does not mean that these people stop being a family. Being married, significant as it may be, does not necessarily define a family, especially a happy one. There are abusive husbands and cheating wives, distant parents, and ungrateful children. The relationships between siblings can also be strained, and the history of royal lines is a good example of it. Nowadays families are diverse in their forms, which reflects the numerous types of human interactions. I suppose that this diversification is connected to the promotion of the freedom of choice. We may not be able to choose the biological parents, but we may choose those we regard as a family. It does not mean of course
Philosophers labeling themselves as libertarians advocate for liberty. They argue that individuals should take the responsibility of self-ownership. This implies that individuals in society should exercise their rights in making personal choices concerning the way of life. In this group of thinking, individuals live as they deem right. This is provided an individual respects others right to exercise freedom. In addition, libertarianism seeks to grant each individual the right to property ownership without any barriers from other people or the government. Property ownership should be a personal choice depending on individual ability. Libertarians believe that a free market is part of liberty. They argue that the government should not impose any policies to govern markets. In addition, individuals should exercise free trade in the unrestricted market. According to these philosophers, only a small part of the government should exist. This should serve to enforce the laws that govern each individual’s liberty. Further still, there should be an army in place for defense when necessary. However, the government should not indulge in state property ownership. This paper will examine the strengths and weaknesses of the versions of free market that libertarians support. Some libertarians believe in total libertarianism. This implies that the state has the responsibility of formulating laws that protect each individual in exercising the liberty to own property without interference. Interferences would include cases of fraud and theft of property. In addition, this school of thought associates the breaching of contracts with creating a barrier to an individual’s rights to pursue their purposes. Such a setting would imply that each individual has absolute freedom to own property with tolerance from other members and society. One strength of total libertarianism is that individuals can pursue their intentions and own property freely. However, such system of liberty expression has its challenges. It does not define the grounds on which self-ownership will start. How will a society allocate natural resources to individuals and what will qualify them m for the resource? The thinking has its flaws because it does not define how the self-ownership concept will come into place. The other group believes in moderate libertarianism. Moderate brings the sense that the state indulges in formulating laws and regulations that promote the existence of competition in markets. They advocate for “freeness’ and ‘fullness’ of competition in the market. Governments should have regulations that prohibit formation of monopolies and oligopolies. In addition, they believe that only horizontal integrations should exist. In their view, gov
One of the essential tasks in the development of any system is the productivity assessment. It is essential to ensure that the entire system meets the requirements, is supplied timely, and is designed within the specified cost. It involves two crucial steps: anticipation and measurement of potential. Proper selection of performance measurement attributes is essential to this process. These measurement attributes, usually called “measures of effectiveness” or “MOEs”, provide quantifiable standards against which the system concept and implementation can be evaluated. In the early stages of a system’s life, forecasting is required to develop a technical feasibility assessment and specification. Towards the end of system implementation and development, performance measurement techniques play an essential role in system testing and validation. Defining performance measures, it is necessary to point out that the term is closely related to another term applied to the evaluation of effectiveness – performance criteria of processes. The difference between these terms, while being relatively slight, is nevertheless essential. Performance measures are indicators derived from dimensional parameters (both physical and structural) and assess system performance attributes. The MOPs quantify a set of previously selected and sequenced parameters. Effectiveness indicators, unlike performance indicators, evaluate how a system performs in its environment, not only from a quantitative aspect but also from a qualitative one. Therefore, the MOP is usually a composite of the MOE. Whereas performance indicators are the standards against which the performance of the system is to be compared, they are both mission- and scenario-dependent and should distinguish
Introduction Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the current society. There are numerous factors that may lead to depressive disorders. It can be social, economic, physiological, or any other issue that may be traumatizing. According to Kaslow and Patterson (2006), the problem is that many people always ignore depression during the early stages when it can easily be treated. They consider it a simple stress that would soon disappear once the stressors are eliminated or when one gets used to them. However, the truth is that sometimes the depression can worsen if it is not treated early enough. It can lead to other health problems to the individual, especially when one is constantly exposed to the stressors for a long period. In this study, the researcher seeks to discuss a diagnosis done on a patient, and some of the theoretical models of psychology that can be used to address the problem once it is detected in a patient. Assessment Diagnosis based upon DSM-5 It is important to understand the main symptoms that a therapist might observe in a client with a mental disorder. One of the main symptoms is a persistent sadness that one cannot explain its source. Sometimes one may be anxious, with a strong feeling of hopelessness at work and at home. At times one would have a sense of guilt from incidences that happened several years ago. When this happened, one would feel worthless and helpless from forces unknown. This may affect his performance at work, especially because he would often feel fatigued, and slowed down at his assignments. The patient may also find it difficult to wake up in the morning, and cases of oversleeping were common. In some extreme cases, one may experience chronic pain, digestive disorders, feel restless, experience difficulty in concentration, and thoughts of suicide would cross his mind. The patient may also become easily irritable. Drastic loss of weight is another common symptom that can be detected in such a patient. These symptoms would strongly suggest that the patient was suffering from depressive disorders that had been allowed into advanced stages without any proper medication. Theoretical Models of Psychopathology A number of theoretical models have been developed to help explain the causes of depressive disorders. In this study, the researcher will use a number of theoretical models of psychopathology to help in understanding this disorder. Biological approaches There are a number of biological models that seeks to explain psychopathology of depressive disorders. In this study, the researcher will focus on the genetic factors. According to Karyn (2010, p. 222), “Some types of depression tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic link.” The genetic link has been largely considered one of the common causes of depression among people in the society. If one of the parents suffered from some form of depressive problems, then chances are high that the problem can easily affect one of the children. Our investigation of the patient did not determine whether either of the parents had suffered fro
Dropbox acquiring Orchestra, maker of the app Mailbox   * The company intends to access all the people who developed this application.   * This acquisition will ensure that the use of the service is quickly incorporated into the company’s processes.   * Minimal costs to be incurred during the transition period. Valued at roughly $4 billion   * This asset will enhance the market share of Dropbox.   * The inclusion of Mailbox technology in this company will result into greater output since Mailbox was already thriving based on its current market value.   * The rates of growth witnessed in this company are enormous and will improve further once the merger between the two services has been successfully implemented. Keep Mailbox as a stand-alone app   * Dropbox plans to maintain the initial functioning of the Mailbox application.   * This will ensure that the achievements gained from the use of the application by the mobile users are not reversed.   * Mailbox application has the capability of filtering email messages based on the levels of urgency.   * Furthermore, Dropbox will incorporate the mailbox technologies into Dropbox in order to ensure adequate improvement of its services such as access and use of attachments. The shared goal of making people’s lives easier   * Dropbox and mailbox have shared goals which are basically ensuring that customer satisfaction as well as efficiency is attained.   * Since these two entities have similar goals, it is pertinent to note that it will be a lot easy to attain the goals. Increase the number of services supported by Mailbox   * The limited capabilities of Mailbox that supports the Apple’s operating system will significantly limit the number of users of the application.   * Dropbox will ensure that the application can operate on other operating systems.   * This is a major plan that aims at doubling the number of subscribers who are using the service.
The Taj’s Star System Talent management refers to means of attracting tacit knowledge from employees (Deb, 2006). It is an important tool in management for purposes of economic growth and streamlining the impacts of recession. However, talent management has been noted as one of the human resource challenges bearing in mind that it is often under huge pressure emanating from line and top managements (Deb, 2006). On the same note, the Taj Star system is a people oriented system. There are fresh graduates hired in leading areas in hotel management. Employees in this program are trained in virtually all fields. The most common among them are finance, sales and marketing, front office management, hospitality services and human resource management. Employees in this program are highly valued. The community uses techniques that can elicit knowledge from members while at the same time adding their knowledge repertoire. There is also a 360 degree feedback program that helps evaluate performances of officials. This program is effective because it brings about efficiency in management of tacit knowledge. There is also an award system for employees who demonstrate exemplary performance. This initiates positive competition and in the end everyone gets value from t