ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The contemporary world lives in an era of rapid development of information technologies. Over the last several decades, IT became one of the most important and influential spheres around the globe with a major impact the other industries, driving their growth, progress, and development. The evolution of IT has resulted in the creation of multiple branches, tendencies, and trends, some of which are extremely promising and may change the world in the immediate future. The discussion and analysis carried out in the present paper will focus on three of the most important trends in the sphere of IT today. The selected trends are the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. These specific topics were chosen because they are highly influential and capable of providing new experiences and providing new opportunities for both average users and professionals in many areas; additionally, all of these trends may change the sphere of IT itself and cause shifts in the specialties that are popular in the field today. Also, for further discussion, a noteworthy problem will be identified in one of these selected trends: the issue is corrigibility, or the question of control over artificial intelligence, which is a quickly advancing contemporary technology. Top Trends in the IT Industry As a fast developing sphere of knowledge, IT has multiple trends that are recognized as promising for the industry. However, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things are some of the most commonly discussed ones. Virtual reality VR and AR are viewed as extremely broadly applicable trends that would benefit a wide variety of industries such as healthcare and medicine, the military, education, and entertainment, to name a few. The rationale for choosing this particular trend for the description in this report is that today, the future of digital technology is seen as tightly connected with the advancements in AR and VR (Garner, 2017). With the appearance of VR devices within the last few years, the technology has drawn considerable attention as a trend in the IT industry (Forbes Agency Council, 2017). However, regardless of its quickly spreading popularity and the interest that it attracts from many consumers, the technology itself does not seem to demonstrate much advancement. Currently, it is mainly employed in the spheres of entertainment and education, and its use is highly limited by a series of disadvantages that need to be addressed if it is to attain the anticipated hypergrowth (Forbes Agency Council, 2017). VR and AR are recogniz
Outline Being a part of the big city of New York has given me opportunities to explore all faces of life. The living conditions of homeless students in the city caused great pain in me. I was a part of the local high school student’s aid council which also addressed problems of homeless students and made donations to financially support their educational needs. There are approximately 9,000 homeless families living in New York City. The challenges faced by the children from these families are numerous. Something has to be done to address their issues or this can become a major threat to the nation. This essay discusses the causes and consequences of homelessness in the nation and a solution to decrease the problems faced by the homeless youngsters. Admission Essay A major problem that USA faces is the issue of thousands of homeless students in the country. It is considered as the second gravest problem faced by the country after the threat of a nuclear war. Seeing the children in homeless families working behind restaurants and indulging in fights with each other for food was very painful for me. It is hard and painful to imagine a life without proper food, shelter and normal school. The number of families relying on homeless shelter in the country is increasing day by day and New York City is not different from this problem. A recent news on homelessness indicated that there are more than 9,000 families living in temporary shelters and streets in the city. “The federal definition of homelessness used by all public schools in the United States includes children and youth who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate night time residence. This definition specifically includes children and youth living in shelters, transitional housing, cars, campgrounds, motels, and sharing the housing of others temporarily due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or similar reasons” (Facts about the Education of Children and Youth Experiencing Homelessness: How is Homelessness Defined, para.1). Shortage of affordable houses, unemployment, lack of public services provided by the government, substances abuse, parental neglect, physical or mental torture by the family members, etc cause the children to run away from houses. “It is estimated that between 1.6 and 1.7 million youth run aw
Shakespeare’s Incandescence Virginia Woolf broaches the subject of Shakespeare by exploring the fact that a professor whose work she has studied suggests that a woman could never write anything in the way of the playwright’s genius. It is her conclusion that, at any rate, it would have been impossible for a woman to match the genius of Shakespeare in the time of Shakespeare (Woolf, 3). Woolf posits that if Shakespeare had had a sister, and this sister matched Shakespeare in adventurousness and imagination, she would have had no opportunity to exercise these qualities in likeness to that of Shakespeare himself. Shakespeare, Woolf explains, would have been sent to a private school where he would have learned rules of logic and grammar while this sister would have been offered no such opportunity (Woolf, 3). Her parents would have discouraged her from even musing about in Shakespeare’s papers and books. Her suggestions seem accurate and well thought out. She is saying that capability was not the determining factor in females’ realizing genius. Preparation and opportunity also must be present, and these things were not afforded to females of Shakespeare’s time. Shakespeare would have ventured to London with his inclination for the theater, acting and living at the center of creativity at the time (Woolf, 3). Woolf suggests his fictional sister, posed here for the purpose of argument, would have been betrothed and forced by the fire of her similar talents to shame her father and abandon that betrothal. This is obviously something that cannot be verified. Woolf, his carried away by her admiration for the struggles a female of genius would have had to endure. She takes her example here to the extreme, and in so doing cheapens her main point. It is not necessary for the fictional heroine of her example to flee a betrothal and kill herself out of a need to preserve her brilliance. The fac
How is policy made and implemented in criminal justice? Peak (2011) provides a very detailed explanation of policymaking in criminal justice. It is apparent that the specifics of the process will differ depending on a particular case: the object of the policy, the people involved, time and resources available, and the approach to policy-making are going to affect the finalized policy. However, several specific features can be pointed out. First of all, the justice system policy-making must be informed: it should be based on knowledge and evidence, and policy-makers are expected to investigate the object of the policy and the possible solutions. Secondly, it would be best to make the investigation comprehensive: policy-makers need to take into account the varied aspects that affect the object of the policy, which allows them to be prepared for various eventualities. Thirdly, the implementation of the policy is most often concerned with change. Therefore, all the change management elements (gaining support, overcoming resistance, providing the means and motivation for the change) apply to the policy-making process at the stages of planning and implementation. Finally, policy-making is, unfortunately, constrained: limited resources are dedicated to the processes of planning and implementing, and limited time is available for policy-makers. Also, often the solution possibilities are also subjected to similar constraints. As a result, all the principles that are mentioned above can be compromised, but, as pointed out by Peak (2011), the literature on justice system policy-making proceeds to praise them. Also, Peak (2011) insists that the constant change in policies has become a norm for criminal justice, which implies that new policies are implemented, assessed, and reviewed simultaneously and continuously, which makes them flexible and adaptable. These two qualities are admittedly very important for the modern, rapidly changing world. What is meant by a slippery slope, and how can it lead to further problems in the administration of a criminal justice agency? A slippery slope is typically used to describe an action (decision) that might (or is expected to) give way to uncontrollable and most likely harmful developments. It is apparent that the prediction and prevention of such activities are of primary importance for politics and the justice system. An example is a case described by Connolly (2012), in which the Supreme Court created a precedent of proclaiming the “advice regarding the potential immigration consequences of a guilty plea is the type of information to which a defendant is entitled under the Sixth Amendment’s right to counsel” (p. 746). The author analyzes the probable consequences for the justice system, indicates that the number of claims of ineffective assistance is likely to soar, and makes suggestions for attorneys’
One of the most prominent controversies, associated with the realities of a Globalized/post-industrial living, is the rise of a so-called ‘medical tourism’, which is being commonly defined as, “The movement of patients across international borders for medical care that is more expensive or less accessible at home” (Connell, 2011, p. 260). The reason why this type of tourism continues to spark public controversies is that it is believed to contribute to the process of Medicare becoming increasingly commercialized, which in turn presupposes the lessened adequacy of healthcare services, provided to those patients that rely on Medicare’s public sector. Moreover, medical tourism is being commonly referred to as such that contributes to the rise of global socio-economic inequalities, as it results in making high quality healthcare services less accessible to ordinary citizens in the countries where this tourism thrives. As it was pointed out by Godwin (2004), “Since the care offered by medical corporations (that specialize in medical tourism) is far beyond the reach of even the domestic middle class, leave alone the poor, the beneficiaries can only be the ‘creamy layer’ of the economy which will further worsen the health inequality in the country” (p. 3983). At the same time, however, the very concept of medical tourism appears being thoroughly consistent with the qualitative essence of Globalization, as a process concerned with the free-mar
Introduction Maori is a unique indigenous society that had a special developmental pattern, i.e. they moved from sedentism to hunting and again to sedentism. More importantly, now Maori constitute 15% of the population of New Zealand and they have managed to preserve their culture up to these days. In this paper, I deal with the history of this indigenous society and focus on Maori people’s attempts to preserve their traditions and their culture. Understanding cultural peculiarities and being aware of the struggle of Maori will help better understand the importance of culture for a human society. It is necessary to note that Maori still cherish their traditions and are proud of their culture and history. Background According to archeological research, first settlements in New Zealand appeared as early as the twelfth century AD. This was the start of Maori society that has developed and changed several times since then. It is often believed that Western colonists used to bring a new order with them and change traditions and customs. However, Maori society had undergone a number
Introduction Human resource management (HRM) is a fundamental function in today’s business environment. It entails a wide array of functions, key among them is making assessments on how recruitment desires can be met through: whether using service providers or employing employees to achieve this objectives, conscripting and training the very finest of staff who are high performers, tackling employee efficiency/ performance concerns, and making sure personnel and administration practices conform to a range of set laws. Employees are the backbone of an organization and proper management on their welfare determines the achievement of an organization’s needs, goals and objectives. Business should at all times guarantee that the staff has personnel guiding principles which match to existing policies and regulations. These guiding principles are distributed to workers in the form of manuals, and it is mandatory for all workers to have (Deb 2006). Human resource management primary function: Human resource management as a key administrative tool within an organization entails preparation, staffing, selection, orientation, teaching, evaluation, drive and the salary of the human resource (employees/workers) within an organization. The primary function of human resource management is to increase the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. For the success of any organization there has to be an interconnected balance between the HRM department and other departments. Human resource management’s aim is to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives and subsequent survival by building up on people who are an organizations most valued asset. (Mathis & Jackson 2007) EEO and Affirmative Action Companies and organizations have a responsibility to put in place fair and transparent equal employment opportunity so as to be able to promote favorable working environments for all employees. This has to be in compliance with set down corporate equal employment opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action policies, which is mandatory for all organizations and working towards company affirmative action objectives is a vital element of human resource management within an organization. Making available equal service chances means employing and hiring staff and managing the business devoid of illegitimate prejudice as illustrated in the “Discrimination and Harassment” policy. Personnel to have an obligation to respect the integrity, decorum, and potential of fellow colleagues and carry themselves according to their organization are set down equal employment opportunity and affirmative action pol
Introduction Working in a group is a significant ability in many professions, and social work is not an exception. Representatives of this area should know how to cooperate with colleagues, combine their efforts, and achieve shared goals. The importance of cooperation is high irrespective of the fact whether social workers aim to address individuals at micro, mezzo, or macro levels. The Group WikiProject is a notable case for me to understand the importance of this activity. Even though the project implied both advantages and disadvantages, adequate efforts contributed to the fact that the activity was productive and appropriate for all the participants. Main body To begin with, I would like to present my initial experience in starting the Group WikiProject. I worked with two Hispanic classmates, meaning that our group consisted of three females of different cultural backgrounds. I attentively approached the given activity from the beginning because I understand that the ability to work with groups is a core competency of a social worker (Bellamy et al., 2013). Consequently, I try to achieve the maximum possible benefits from this activity, and that is why my experience is entirely positive. Our first mutual activity was to initiate contact, and we successfully coped with it. In particular, we used Discussion Board, an E-learning platform, to exchange phone numbers and email addresses. Then, chatting through text messages allowed us to schedule Zoom meetings to gather and discuss our further plan. It is possible to mention that this approach was practical because it allowed us to schedule the first meeting in a short period of time, which contributed to our group’s increased productivity. It is also worth admitting that working on the project implied an excellent level of comfort for me and, I hope, for the other members. The rationale behind this statement is that we broke the ice by organizing a preliminary session where we introduced ourselves in 2-3 minutes. Simultaneously, the activity resulted in significant benefits personally for me. On the one hand, I had already worked with a group member in the past, meaning that we already had contact. On the other hand, working on a project online was convenient and safe. Consequently, this information demonstrates that I appreciated participating in the activity. Furthermore, the process under analysis implied both advantages and disadvantages. Positive opportunities include sharing workload and responsibilities, effective communication, and learning new skills. According to Franklin et al. (2013), group interventions are more effec
Introduction An organization can be defined as a group of people working in unity toward achieving common goals and objectives. People in an organization can use their strengths and individual capabilities to achieve better results through specialization and division of labor. The principles, perceptions, assumptions, views and values of people in an organization are some of the major factors that develop an organization’s culture. These character traits together with the physical aspects, the infrastructural development and the social attitude of employees form the basic components of an organization. They can be used to determine the views and attitudes of other people outside the organizations structure; what they think about the organization’s social and corporate status, whether they desire to be associated with the organization and the loyalty and pride of partners and other people. Although every system of an organization’s governance has its set out guidelines and principles, it is obvious that every employee also has their own views and values about their work and life in general. While realizing that change is inevitable, there has always been debate on whether it is right for an organization to seek to shape employee views and values. Employees in organizations come from different backgrounds and have a different outlook about life. It is important for this people to positively coexist and interact so that every one of them plays an active role in making sure that the organization goals and objectives are met. It is crucial for an organization to try and shape their views and values if this is to happen although the methods that organizations use can lead to negative perceptions about the expectations of employers. Many organizations have sought to shape the character and personalities of their employees through the use of rules, guidelines and policies which an individual is committed to adhere to by signing contracts and other documents, like in many security firms around the world where qualities like privacy, loyalty and confidentiality are some of the expectations of these employers from their employees (Russell Consulting Incorporation 2011). These companies have to make sure that employees’ values and views about their jobs are aligned to company goals and objectives. Others set out goals and standards which when achieved they are recognized and rewarded. This is important for companies which are in competitive and challenging fields especially in the service sector to make sure that they motivate and boost employee morale. Sometimes organizations will go as far as taking their staff to retreats, seminars and other training programs in order to make sure that they understand and get to the level of performance desired by the organization and that they work in harmony and unity as one team (Chapman 2010). Everybody including employees working in an organization has their rights and freedoms which should not be interfered with, but when an individual is employed in an organization, whether it is their first j
Abstract Several methods are used to prepare Date Jams for human consumption. The recipes used and the methodology applied varies from one individual to the next depending on the intended outcome. This paper discusses the development of a low calorie Date Jam to enhance its nutrition and reduce the health effects associated with high sugar contents. Sugar has numerous health complications when consumed frequently and in excess. There are numerous diseases related to excessive sugar consumption as stipulated earlier. The need to reduce the sugar/calorie contents of Date Jams is considerable due to health matters and individual preferences. Precisely, developing such products will require reduction in quantities of ingredients that possess high sugar contents. Low calorie refers to foods with limited sugar/carbohydrate contents. This is preferable to those individuals who are diabetic hence require reduced sugar consumption in their diets. Another evident phenomenon in this context relates to the aspects of methodology and preparation of ingredients/recipes, which will eventually provide jams with low calorie substance. The legal requirements of Date Jam are that it should contain healthy ingredients and it should be prepared in consideration to health matters. Additionally, it is basic that Date Jam should contain coarsely grounded dates, water, lemon, considerable amount of sugar, and other additives including vanilla, cinnamon, nutmeg, and citrus zest. These are mixed in a given proportion to produce a commendable mix. New Product Development (NPD) refers to the entire processes required in order to emerge with a novel commodity in the market (Annacchino 2003, p. 513). This process require the generation of an idea, screening of such ideas, designing the intended product, and reengineering its provisions to make it fit for use. Concurrently, there are principles and challenges that characterize NPD in the product development, viability, and marketing efforts. Numerous jam making technologies exist as indicated earlier. These technologies have conformed to the principles of NPD with precision (Schotter 2008, p. 163). Introduction Development of a low calorie Date Jam A low calorie Date Jam is essential for health. The product can be developed, produced in mass, and marketed to meet the new market demands, nutritional issues, and health trends. Additionally, it is crucial to consider that reducing the sugar content of Date Jam is healthy and recommendable for various reasons. This topic relates to the creation of a new model of jam from dates. It defies the conventional methods, which adds too much sugar and other carbohydrates to the ultimate Date Jam. According to the principles of NPD, the ideology to emerge with a viable Date Jam with low calorie content is important (Karol & Nelson 2007, p. 5). Following all the procedures required to develop this novel product is of some critical concern. Additi