ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Until recently, the design and maintenance of buildings and structures, their renovation were based on the concept of consistent work on the project of various specialists: architects, designers, engineers, and technologists. However, the more modern BIM technology is replacing this outdated approach. BIM stands for Building Information Modeling, a technology based on the creation of a virtual model of the entire building, including architectural solutions, engineering networks, landscape, and surrounding area. At the same time, such a model is used throughout the whole work cycle – from the project creation to the building commissioning. This approach allows workers to address the design comprehensively and rationally. In art, design, and architecture, especially in large-scale works, a model is needed. For this reason, the artist sketches the painting, the designer creates a prototype, and the architect draws a layout and cuts. In the case of an architect, the task of the idea’s implementation is complicated by the fact that many participants are involved in the processes of designing, coordinating, and implementing large objects. Everyone should have comprehensive data to understand the final result clearly. BIM resolves this problem creating an opportunity for everyone involved to work on the project at the same time. BIM allows not only to approach the tasks individually but also to calculate the only correct solutions to the issues on construction, operation, and repair. Thus, the technology allows structuring all the information about the object, including the economic component. It is a design method that takes into account each parameter related to parameteructure’s life cycle, ranging from construction costs to subsequent monthly power costs. These data, together with physical characteristics, form the information model itself, in which the change of one parameter leads to an automatic recalculation of all others. If an architect uses BIM, it means that he/she has a building model with every detail worked out and remains only to put it into practice. The use of the BIM approach also helps architects to save money significantly and to avoid exceeding the budget. The essence of the savings is the use of modeling to organize a more productive exchange of information during the design process. For example, if the architectural bureau produced a specific 3D part, the file can be sent to the designers and then to the manufacturer for the further work. It only improves the quality of working documentation but also reduces conflict situations in the construction process. At the same time, such a model acts as a kind of database of the object. For example, in the case of breakdowns and faults at any time, the architect can see which parts and whose products were used in a particular location to pick up precisely the same one for replacement. More importantly, BIM identifies many errors during the design phase. For example, a water pipeline intersects with a gas pipeline because different specialists designed them. The pre-identified error will save a lot of strength, time, and budget. Thus
This was a speech delivered by Tom Reagan in 1989 at the Royal Institute of Great Britain. Tom Reagan gave this speech as a contribution to the answer to the question of whether there is a need for the animal kingdom to have a bill of rights. The speech provided a strong philosophical argument in favor of animal rights. Reagan started his speech by arguing that animals were conscious of their existence and that that had some significance to them. He argued that the presence of animals made a significant contribution to the global psychological balance and hence their psychological importance. Arguing from the enlightened ethics perspective, Reagan felt that any argument about animals ought to be logical and rational (“Vegan Ireland: A Case for Animal Rights” 1). Reagan went further to present four axioms of what the philosophies of animal rights (AR) were. Reagan argued that AR was a philosophy of pro and not anti-science because from Darwin’s words animals were our next of kin and hence the need to embrace them. Reagan also argued that AR was a philosophy that stood for justice. He claimed that it was wrong for a wrong to be committed for the interest of many and associated that with slavery and child labor. He also claimed that AR was a philosophy of peace and advocated for animals to be treated fairly. Reagan lastly argued that the true peacemakers would stand against animal exploitation (“Vegan Ireland: A Case for Animal Rights” 1). The last half part of the speech was fully dedicated to answering the objections from opponents of AR. The general argument that Reagan made in answering the objections was that though animals were not in a position to accomplish what human beings could they should not be mistreated (“Vegan Ireland: A Case for Animal Rights” 1). I believe that Reagan presented a powerful speech that succeeded in showing that animals have rights. He argued in a very systematic way using ordinary examples which could be understood by anybody. Reagan argued that animals are aware of their very existence and have some purpose in their life. This may sound ridiculous but how can one explain a lioness fighting fiercely to defend her cubs from predators? (“Information on the Lion, the Animal” 1; Wright 1) Reagan argued in a very logical way. He acknowledged the fact that animals could not be equal to human beings in many ways but argued that because animals were aware of themselves then in that sense they were equal to human beings. A similar opinion was elsewhere (Carnell 1; Francione 1). Reagan anticipated objections and gave logical and practical answers in his speech. He particularly pointed out the weakness of applying utilitarianism in society as well as in the case of animal rights. Generally, Reagan made a convincing speech that was based on logical arguments. He truly showed that animals possess some sense of psychological awareness and that they too have some purpose in their life. This implies that animals are aware of the mistreatment that they receive from human beings. He succeeded to show that animals should be treated fairly and therefore
Introduction In the evolution of mankind the process of acquiring food often entailed the exertion of physical energy and ensured the population always received adequate exercise. As times progressed to modern society there have emerged societies where the population has access excessive amounts of food with relatively little or no exercise. The result of this imbalance is many Americans are becoming overweight or even obese with serious health implications. Reports from the US currently indicate that among the leading causes of death are attributed to unhealthy eating and lack of exercise (Schneider, 2011). In medical practice an individual Body Mass Index or BMI is the result of the ratio of body weight divided by the square of height. When this index is greater than 30 an individual is considered obese (Schneider, 2011). BMI above the prescribed mark suggests weighing above recommended healthy weight and is likely to increase the risk of one falling victim to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, various types of cancers and numerous health conditions. It was reported that in 2005 to 2006 this condition affected close to 70% of the adult population in America (Schneider, 2011). It is for this reason that it becomes in the interest of public health to address the condition. On the other hand though the association between obesity and certain risky health conditions is easy to measure, their relationship is not based on a cause and effect relationship. This suggests that even in obese persons specific lifestyle changes can reduce the likelihood of falling victim to these conditions. It is reported that dietary patterns and the amount of exercise are crucial for maintaining a healthy body (Schneider, 2011). It is along these lines that this paper will present a discussion on the condition of obesity to help develop an intervention plan. It is hoped that such an intervention plan will be useful in reducing the risks associated with obesity among obese and overweight individuals. Identification of suitable intervention and prevention strategies Based on the data provided on the prevalence of obesity in American society, it is clear that some intervention is required to arrest the situation. In light of this there is a need to devise a treatment strategy that will help curb the increase and provide respite for those already affected. Among the potentially effective methods include to intervene or prevent the condition include change of diet, increase in the amount of exercise and change of behavior campaigns, nutrition campaigns as well as fiscal food policies (Swinburn, Caterson, Seidell & James, 2004).These intervention strategies were selected based on their ability to create a large impact on the national population. The suggested strategies are aimed at reducing the current trends with regards to obesity in all age groups within the American Society. For the adults the reduction of e
Introduction Change is inevitable, especially in the current business world. Change is a major factor that can contribute to the success of an organization. An organization that does not embrace change is likely to be overtaken in terms of competition. An organization needs to have a change agent for change to take place effectively. This is the person who usually facilitates change within the organization. He could be a manager or a leader within the organization, or even an outsider. The change agent is responsible for overseeing all the processes that should take place to effectively implement change in an organization (Cohen, 2005). The agent should be in a position to harmonize all the cultural and leadership differences that are likely to deter change from happening. This article focuses on how a change agent should handle leadership problems in an organization to implement change successfully. Top-Downs v. Bottom-Ups Different companies have different cultures and policies. Merging organizations means that their success will be highly dependent on their ability to match the policies of each other to operate as a single organization. When two organizations come together through a merger, the undercurrent of “it’s me or them” has to end since it drags the development of the resultant organization (Cohen, 2005). The two firms should recognize that they are one organization working towards a common goal. The team spirit should be unified. This is only possible if the leadership of the two organizations is aligned. To do this, the change agent should ensure that the right people are put in place when executing the change process. The top leaders are usually the most influential, and they can unify the organization (Anonymous 2008). The change agent should, therefore, first make these leaders aware of the reasons for change and the effects that the change will have on the organization. Creating the best guiding teams will be important in that it will help in unifying the team spirit. Building the guiding teams is a very significant component when implementing change in any organization. The change agent should ensure that he or she gets the right people in the guiding team to increase the chances of successful change implementation (Cohen, 2005). The guiding team should be comprised of the right people. These are people who have the right skills and leadership qualities. These are the people who can handle the intended change and have the connections to do so. People in the guiding teams should be in a position to work together in that they trust each other. These are people who can create the feeling that change is possible. Also, members of the guiding team should be experienced in managing change, they should have sufficient time to do so, and they should respect one another, as well as respect their peers. It is also important to ensure that members of the guiding team can communicate effectively. Communication is the key to success for most activities. Finally, members should have diverse viewpoin
Introduction Poetry can be defined as a unique Art that is created and designed using sounds. Poetry as an Art uses sounds to create an expression of what is intended (Ntozake 1). Poetry has unique features that make it stand out as a form of Art. For example poems are popular for their application of rhyme, stress and meter (Ron 150). These features play a big role in enhancing sound patterns. The expression is thus brought out clearly when the poem is recited aloud (Randall 60). The question that arises is therefore whether the rap music is poetry. Rap Is Poetry Just like poetry, rap music uses sound to drive the intended message home. Rap artists play with their words to produce sounds that carry the intended message (Alan56). It is therefore evident that rap uses the same process as poetry to achieve its ultimate goal. Stanzas and verses are other features that make rap to be classified as poetry. Rap music produces its sounds in beats in a line. These lines create a verse (Jace 2). This is the same case as in poetry. The physical appearances of both genres do not bring out any difference and this leads to conclusion that rap is poetry. Poetry is associated with lyrics as in ‘lyric poetry’ of American poets (Timpane and Watts 20). Rap just like this poetry derive song lyrics from a renowned instrument called lyre that was used by poets of ancient times (Nelson 130). Rap as music has lyrics. This usually creates rhyme. Rap is poetry as it is composed from happenings of day to day activities (McIver 219).This resembles poetry which depicts the literature and culture of people at a given period (Jimmy 478). Poetry is a language used to express a certain idea, this is similar to rap. It tells a lot about the age and culture of the people using the message it delivers (Bertice 12). Rap Is Not Poetry From linguistic point of view rap music is not poetry. This is because even though it looks like poetry, it takes the ill formed nature of poetry. That is, rappers usually manipulate their wordings to form a metrical pattern (Mel 43). In addition, if you take the other way round and read a poem containing blank verse will result to blank verse poetry and not a rap (Alonzo 602). In order to create rhyme, the rap music keeps on repeating the same phrase (Perkins 1).This is especially in the mediocre rap music. Even in the so called good rap music the complex lyrics provides a single rhyme pattern which in most cases is intended to create emphasis (Language Arts Higher Standards 6). Linguists also argue that rap does not use Standard language in terms of wording and sentence structure (Toni 3). For example they argue that Fifty Cent a rap artist pronounces ‘fifty’ as ‘fitty’. According to them ‘f’ cannot be substituted with a‘t’. Conclusion Rap music is poetry. This is because even the points argued against it such as the non- standard use of language in rap music do not hold water. Traditional poetry employed poetic devices which is non standard form of language. In summary, rap music is poetry and the opposition given lack viable support. Works Cited Ash, Mel. Beat Spirit: The Way of the Beat Writers
Introduction The prevalence of mental health conditions has been the subject of many studies, with most of these highlighting the increase in these illnesses. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) estimates that close to 4% of the general population have a serious mental health illness. An even larger number of people have mild symptoms of this condition with only half receiving any form of treatment (Haws, 2015). This paper discusses depression as one of the mental health conditions affecting patients in a skilled nursing facility. Mental Health Condition Investigated: Depression The mental health condition chosen for this paper is depression. According to The American Psychiatric Association (APA), depression is one of the many mental illnesses in the spectrum of mood disorders. This condition affects more than a third of individuals over 64 years with mental health conditions (Haddad, Menchetti, McKeown, Tylee, & Mann, 2015). This condition was selected because of the relatively high prevalence among patients requiring nursing care at a local facility. According to Haddad and colleagues (2015), depression causes an alteration in the mood of the patient with prominent sadness, loss of interest, and a variety of other emotional problems. Population Chosen and Rationale The population chosen is the patients attending a local skilled nursing facility. This facility was chosen because it has a constant flow of patients with the diagnosis of depression. The geriatric population in this facility is high reflecting the constant diagnosis of depression. Additionally, this facility caters to a large number of patients that can be used to investigate the effects of this condition. According to Haddad and colleagues (2015), only half of the patients with mild symptoms of depression visit a health facility. Consequently, the patients visiting this facility will be crucial in obtaining data on the prevalence of depression, its symptoms, and management. Social Factors to Consider Social factors have been identified as the main predisposing and aggravating factors for most mental health conditions (Akira, Yosuke, Haruki, & Yoshihiko, 2015). Consequently, a variety of social factors has been described as influential in the development and course of this mental illness. In fact, these social factors are also significant in the intersection of the condition in society. Among the factors considered in the intersection of depression, including access to healthcare, the socioeconomic status of patients, and their immigration status. Depression affects a larger number of people of low socioeconomic factors compared to other individuals (Akira, Yosuke, Haruki, & Yoshihiko, 2015). Consequently, these people are unable to meet the cost of their management. Most immigrants are also unable to obtain appropriate management. Other important socioeconomic factors include the ethnicity of the patients where minorities are unable to cater to their health needs. The social factors responsible for the development of depression also include drug and substance abuse. In addition, some social backgrounds predispose some individua
A Doll’s House is an outstanding drama created by famous Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen in 1879. A master of realistic narration, Ibsen touches on the issue of living within illusions and their disclosure. An illusion cannot last forever. One day something happens that makes a sincere, sweet-tempered young woman say, “I don’t believe any longer in wonderful things happening” (A Doll’s House 114). It is interesting to analyze Ibsen’s drama in the historic context, considering its value for the further development of literature and the evolution of society. The end of the XIXth century brought a flowering of the drama genre. Dramatic literature of this period was called by the contemporaries the “new drama”, which highlighted substantial changes in the genre. It arose in the atmosphere of cult of science, caused by rapid development of natural science, philosophy and psychology. It became an alternative to the classic dramas, which were mainly well-written, but far from reality, and touched the most burning issues for contemporary society. Henrik Ibsen, Maurice Maeterlinck, Emile Zola, Johan Strindberg, Bernard Shaw became the fathers of the new stage in dramatic literature. When Henrik Ibsen made his first steps in literature, Norwegian art was embraced with a flavor of national romanticism. His first works of literature were also created in romantic style. In 1849 he wrote his first romantic drama Catiline (Ibsen 2008), and his following oeuvre was also created in a romantic manner. The philosophic drama “Peer Gynt” (Ibsen 2003) became the highest point of his romantic literature work. However, the 1870s brought dramatic changes into Ibsen’s style: the author turned to the realistic manner of writing and focused on the burning issues of contemporary society. This period became his conversion from a fairy tail to a daily routine, from illusion to reality. Ibsen became a desperate fighter against the numerous unhealthy tendencies and illusions dominating in so
In the future, corrections can face a range of problems the most important of which are mental health issues and cost of prisons’ budgeting. The problem of mental health illness becomes more and more alarming within the last decades. All over the world, the cases of mental disorders grow. At this point, prisons affect negatively on people that makes the problem more complicated. In particular, the following aspects can significantly decrease one’s mental well-being: overcrowding, isolation from society, the shortage of sensible activity, and the lack of adequate and timely health care delivery. The mentioned factors tend to cumulate that, in turn, can lead to a suicide attempt or some other behavioral disorders. Furthermore, there is a tendency of the creation of so-called “dumping grounds” where prisoners can be sent on the basis of their mental disorders, thus being locked and losing any chance to receive appropriate psychological help. It should also be emphasized that sometimes people and, in particular, prisoners having behavioral disorders encounter discrimination and stigma. This tendency is likely to develop, creating even more negative environment for prisoners due to misconceptions about these people. Considering that the challenge that was described above is complicated by the fact that mental disorders tend to manifest themselves at high rates in conditions of prison, it is necessary to suggest appropriate decisions, addressing the problem. First, there is a need to respond to every mental health disorder case to ensure timely treatment. Second, corrections administrations are to promote the policy of awareness and understanding among prisoners, so that to make it possible to reduce the rates of discrimination. The implementation of new technology seems to be another useful solution to this problem. For example, behavior monitoring would help to predict potential mental disorders by detecting certain deviations. Moreover, modern technologies can be employed in the treatment to advance the effectiveness of procedures and communication. Also, the treatment is to be performed at a high level, so that a prisoner could become a full-fledged member of society when he or she would leave the prison. It is essential to pay attention to prison employees and promote responsiveness as well as morale in them. The implementation of this decision is likely to increase the early recognition of mental disorders. Finally, the access to psychosocial support and adequate medication should be ensured in order to decrease the level of the further complications. Another potential problem associated with corrections is budgeting of prisoners. Nowadays