ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Islamic banking is banking in accordance with the Islamic law. Islamic banking is one of the world’s fastest growing economic sectors. In an Islamic environment, the approach to financial operations such as the law of contracts, nature of property, interest rates and business transactions is quite different from the rest of the world. Islam, both in non-Islamic and Islamic countries like Iran handles financial matters in a specific way according to Islamic law. Therefore, financial institutions operating in an Islamic environment face certain challenges. Islamic banking is currently practiced in many countries and major cities around the world. To mention a few, they include Turkey, Pakistan, Jordan, Malaysia and London. This case study focuses on the operational model of Islamic banking, which includes the challenges met in the practice, the basic principles and concepts involved in Islamic banking, the way Islamic financial institutions operate within different social, legal and religious surroundings. The role of Islamic banking in development and the relationships with other banks is also covered. This information may be useful to economists, financial advisors brokers and students (Kettell, 2011). Main body Dubai Islamic Bank DIB, located in Dubai, is the largest bank that incorporates the principles of Sharia law in its practices. Established in 1975, it is the world’s first Islamic bank, which is also the largest bank in Dubai. DIB operates in major cities in Pakistan, Turkey, and Jordan. It provides corporate banking, treasury products and merchant banking to corporate entities. DIB has been successful in combining traditional Islamic practices with technology into a perfect mix. To match its rapid expansion, DIB has incorporated state-of-the –art facilities such as being first to offer an Islamic Visa Debit Card, offer internet and priority banking. Being the pioneer in Islamic banking, Dubai Islamic Bank offers a wide variety of products and services, which are Sharia compliant. Its clientele ranges from private, small and medium companies through corporates to governments. It offers financial solutions with respect to project finance, commodity finance, investment banking, corporate finance, capital and debt finace.DIB has been forefront in boosting the economy of Pakistan by encouraging foreign investment in
Introduction The technological progress of the modern world significantly contributes to virtually every professional sphere. Apart from the growing capabilities of present-day technologies, the general approach to working processes is changing. The project approach demonstrates a shift toward more cooperative and more integrated solutions. One of the examples is the transformation in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Companies more and more willingly adopt Building Information Modelling (BIM) systems to work on building projects on each of its stages, including planning, designing, construction, operation, and facility management. BIM systems offer integrated approaches to all of these processes and combine analysis, calculations, 2D and 3D modeling, documentation management, planning, scheduling, monitoring, and other functions that coordinate the efforts of everyone involved in a building project. The evaluation of BIM systems’ advantages allows recommending a certain system to the Canaletto London building project. Canaletto is planned to be a 31-storey residential building on City Road in London. It is positioned as a luxury urban residence with a number of hotel-like amenities like a restaurant, a swimming pool, and a spa. The building features an unusual design with metal structures on the facade. A 31-storey residential tower in London is a difficult project in terms of engineering, design, and construction. The project can significantly benefit from the use of a BIM system. Background of the Canaletto London Project Canaletto is a residential tower whose project had been developed by Ben van Berkel, a Dutch architect of UNStudio, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Among the main advantages of the residence, the project description lists being situated by the water in a prestigious part of London as well as the quality of apartments proposed and the service provided. The location of the bu
Tony Morrison’s novel ”Song of Solomon” was published in 1977 and follows the life of its main protagonist, Milkman Dead, an African-American man whose life has been full of instances of racism and violence, as was the life of his ancestors. The novel explores how the ancestral past, along with the present suffering shape his character. This paper focuses on Ruth Foster Dead’s persona, Milkman’s mother, a woman oppressed by society and spouse alike, whose actions greatly affect him. An Affectionate Daughter Ruth Foster Dead grew up an upper-class woman, a doctor’s daughter. She is light skinned, smart, quiet and resilient. Ruth did not abandon her affection for her father even as an adolescent, their goodnight kiss ritual, motivated by her seeing her mother as a rival due to the latter’s lack of maternal care, was a source of shame to her father (Morrison, p.30). Such an abnormal closeness on her part, which she later needs from Milkman as well, impacted his relationship with women later on. Her husband, suspected of involvement in her father’s death, would bitterly begrudge her visiting her father’s grave. His jealousy, arising from the scene at the doctor’s dead body, would turn her life into misery and result in an attempt on his unborn son“s life. A Breastfeeding Mother Ruth is seen as provoking her husband’s anger, manipulating him for a certain sense of power. The symbolic watermark on the table in the opening chapter serves as a personal reminder that she is alive inside and this is life, not a dream (Morrison, p.19). The watermark acts as an anchor against her husband’s psychological abuse. The only experience that helps her live through each day is breastfeeding her son, who is no longer an infant, seen as an unwillingness to sever yet another connection, as he is growing up, “bored by the flat taste of mother’s milk” (Morrison, p.21). However, the ritual is more sensual than is proper, and she is knowingly secretive about it. Ruth is terrified at losing this aspect of her motherhood, as evidenced by her reaction when the janitor sees her through an open window, the moment Milkman acquires his nickname. On the other hand, Ruth is neglectful of her daughters, one of which, Pilate, has inherited her kindness and has a tragic fate. A Mother Through the Eyes of Her Son Milkman has seen his mother as overprotective for most of his adolescence. Later on, he begins to see her true humanity, frailty and fierceness in the face of death ( Morrison, p. 73), and physically protects her from his father’s assault ( Morrison, p. 76). The story of her sacrifice at protecting him even before his birth opens his eyes to her true character. Conclusion Ruth Foster Dead is depicted as a possessive mother, though heroic in the protection of her son. Her actions, therefore, are crucial to the story’s and the main protagonist’
As an ordinary soldier born at the near end of the 18 th century, Mustafa Kemal is bound to lead an illustrious life as he became a prime mover of numerous reforms in a nation dominated by an empire that existed for eight centuries. Indeed, this soldier has surpassed what is ordinary because made a great difference by paving the way for the Turkish people to be freed from the chains of the Ottoman Empire. For his noble achievements, Mustafa Kemal was given the title of “Ataturk” which meant “Father of the Turks” and his memory will forever be embedded in Turkey’s history. Unfortunately, Ataturk’s greatness is still marred by controversy because his vision is still being intensely debated until today. Born in 1881 in Selanik (Now in Thessalonika, Greece – at that time, Selanik was still in the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire), Mustafa Kemal was exposed to a mixture of cultures from Selanik and Istanbul, where he was raised as a child. Being born from a father who is a minor official who later turned into a timber merchant, young Mustafa Kemal was sent to study in a military school when he was 12 years old. During those times, the Ottoman Empire was ruled by an authoritarian sultan named Abdülhamid II and he was earlier exposed to all inequities of all regulations being imposed on the people. Later on, he studied at the War College in Istanbul between 1899 and 1904 — in a time when a growing number of Ottoman intellectuals and officers—collectively known as the Young Turks—were becoming increasingly disillusioned with the state of the empire under Abdülhamid II. This was the time when Mustafa Kemal found himself involved in revolutionary plots to overthrow the sultan. Appointed to serve in Syria in 1905, he returned to Selanik in 1907, where he was active in the Ottoman Freedom Society and the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Mustafa Kemal played only a minor role in the Young Turk Revolution of July 1908, but as a junior officer, he was an active member of the Operational Army that marched on Istanbul in April 1909 to suppress a counterrevolution that aimed to restore power to Abdülhamid II. Closely working with people whose goals were to instigate change in their nation, the decadence of the Ottoman Empire ended as Mustafa Kemal established the Republic of Turkey with his friends in 1923. He became the first president of Turkey and Mustafa Kemal ruled Turkey for fifteen years until his death in 1938. Although fifteen years was too short to establish new changes, as the first President of Turkey, Ataturk embarked upon major programs that supported political, economic, social, educational, legal, and cultural reforms that forever changed how Turks lived their lives until this very day. However, these reforms were seen as Westernization movements or modernization of their constitution and some critics do not have faith in his vision as a leader. Although Mustafa Kemal intended to employ his advocacies that advance the interests of the Turkish people, his vision of necessary changes was unpalatable to some opposing parties because it can overturn some maj
Background The relevance of the given topic is associated with the changing Emirati environment, traffic congestion, and comfortable transportation of the high-income population (Worku, 2013). With potential behavioral changes of the high-income Emirati population in using public transportation in the UAE and mainly in Abu Dhabi, the need for improving the infrastructure based on technology becomes evident (Bajracharya, 2016; Daraio et al., 2016). There is a tendency to increase the mentioned population, and the use of public transportation would mean the reduction of traffic congestion and the stabilization of the transportation process in general (Redman, Friman, Gärling, & Hartig, 2013). de Oña, de Oña, Eboli, and Mazzulla (2013) state that it is of great importance to understand how technology can be adapted for management and enhancement according to the needs and expectations of the target population. Another issue is to determine how efficient it would be to provide innovative infrastructure (Madakam & Ramaswamy, 2016; Tirachini, 2013). This paper proposes the consideration of new public transport, namely, high-class buses for Emirati with a high income. The research work would analyze a specific BRD system developed by BRD-Groupe Societe Generale Romanian Bank. In particular, the above system implies contactless pay in public transportation and high-quality buses as an integrated solution (“A better efficiency”, 2014). At the same, the above solution should be a secure means of payment and transportation (Badra & Badra, 2016). However, to add value to lives of Emirati population and the local transportation system, it is important to consider the Emirati environment. For instance, it is possible to assume that collecting people from their houses to bus stations may contribute to the increased attention to public means of transportation. In this connection, the proposed research would also focus on costs of implementing the BRD system in the UAE (Zambonini & Zafar, 2014). Namely, there is a need to redo calculations and take into account per mile distance costs, investment resources, and the success of the mentioned innovation depending on the reaction of the target audience. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed syst
Introduction The work Patriotism by Yukio Mishima portrays a code of values and honor followed by Japanese solders and officers. The main character, Shinji, is faced with a dilemma he cannot resolve. One extreme way of giving form to one’s death and one’s life is through suicide. The classical Japanese way of ritual suicide or seppuku, a prescribed form of self-disembowelment for samurai, was performed in order to perpetuate individual and group honor and avoid disgrace. However “illogical” or unacceptable such ritual suicides appear to us now, their logic within the samurai cultural milieu of Japan was clear enough. The book vividly portrays that such actions by samurai reasserted symbolic coherence for generations of followers, thereby extending imagery of self and world beyond individual death. Japanese attitudes toward suicide, thus, have much to teach us about universal psychological principles around taking one’s own life and about approaching death in general. Thesis: In the book, Patriotism, Shinji commits seppuku, and this act is significant to him because it demonstrated his loyalty to the country and his friends, his strong moral character in the face of dilemma, his courage of self-sacrifice and his honor for a soldier to commit suicide. Discussion Shinji performs seppuku as the only possible way to avoid shame and dishonor. Following strict moral codes, Shinji cannot betray his friends and kills them. It is important to remember that the samurai concept was that of the period, of warriors in peacetime. During the two hundred and fifty years of Tokugawa rule, the social role of samurai had changed radically from warrior to bureaucrats. Their qualifications were expressed in the word coined and popularized to designate the “way of the samurai”: bushido. Mishima writes: ” Death of any sort is a fearful thing to watch. You must not be discouraged by what you sec” (41). This highly moralistic system of thought embodying the samurai ideal stressed absolute loyalty to the feudal lord and demanded the cultivation of such virtues as will power, courage, and honor. The samurai’s ultimate act of self-discipline and duty to his lord was idealized in the ritual suicide of seppuku. By slitting open his abdomen and exposing his intestines, the warrior proved his sincerity and purity. Yukio Mishima underlines that Shinji has a strong moral character in the face of dilemma which helps him to commit suicide. In general, Yukio Mishima emphases Japanese culture perceived death as an event, at least for the elite, illustrates the connection between death and group as well as individual completion. A particular way of dying becomes a means of perpetuating important cultural principles, thereby contributing to survivors’ sense of immortality through the biosocial and creative modes. Shinji recollects: “Was this s
Introduction The growth and development of adolescents is a major concern for many parents; the use of sports and physical activities is becoming common in finding a solution to teenagers’ socialization challenges. This is because most teenagers have resorted to self-isolating themselves from others and turning to social media friends. With the advancement of technology and the introduction of social media platforms, the socialization of children and adolescents has become an important part of modern psychology. Sports and physical activities have become an integral part of improving adolescents’ social interaction skills with peers and adults. This topic is important as it focuses on the need for sports to stimulate adolescent growth and development. The study will delve into the socialization of adolescents in modern psychology, whereby it will examine the relationship between physical activities and their role in improved socialization skills. In addition, it will look at the benefits of sports and physical activities including reduced risk of obesity, high blood pressure, anxiety, stress, and depression in children. This research is needed because it aims at identifying the possibility of improving adolescents’ social interaction skills with peers and adults through sports activities. It will focus on the influence of sports and physical activities on the development of children and adolescents’ communication skills. This paper, therefore, will contribute significant knowledge to already existing literature on the topic under discussion. Research Question(s) The research question is as follows: can adolescents’ involvement in team sports activities stimulate the development of their communication skills? Comparison and Analysis of Literature Children’s and adolescents’ growth and development is a complicated process, which has an impact on sports and athletics participation. According to Brown et al. (2017), mental development in adolescence is an individual aspect that depends on numerous factors such as stable families, parenting style, schools and the environment among others. However, spending time doing sports together erases these factors and makes it possible to interact openly. In addition, most adolescents can take part in some level of physic
The case in the section is a common dilemma on which skills are the most important for a systems analyst. I found the assignment challenging since the decision is difficult as all the mentioned skills seem to be very important. After some thought, I identified skills in the following order of importance: personality traits, programming skills, and business knowledge. One crucial lesson that I obtained from this assignment is an insight into the dilemma and decision-making process of the hiring teams. Firstly, personality traits are the most crucial aspect to consider when hiring an employee, including a systems analyst. Programming abilities and business knowledge can be improved if needed. However, one cannot teach or change personality traits such as talking and working with other team members. A systems analyst’s most important personality traits are communication and problem-solving skills since they often communicate with clients and need to solve problems quickly and under tight pressure (Kendall & Kendall, 2020). Thus, if the person possesses these skills, they can later improve other aspects. The second priority is programming skills because they are more complicated and take a long time to become proficient. Especially in this changing technology world, programming languages and software packages are being continuously updated. The newly hired individual should be aware of these changes and be able to adapt to them quickly. Thus, since business knowledge is less expertise-demanding, programming skills should be the second most crucial aspect. Nevertheless, all team members do not need to have identical competencies and skills. Team members should complement the weak areas of their colleagues. For instance, dialogue indicates that the team is diverse in its focus and skills (Kendall & Kendall, 2020). While one person is emphasizing programming skills, the other is stressing business knowledge. Hence, with the confluence of the advanced skills of each individual, the team can derive the best outcome. To conclude the outcome of the research activity, the hiring team should give the candidate’s personality characteristics the first consideration. Personal character is a prerequisite for the successful functioning of an employee but also an aspect challenging to change or teach. Due to the expertise and difficulty of learning, managers should prioritize programming skills over business knowledge. However, all team members do not need to possess identical competencies since they can complement each other whenever needed. Reference Kendall, K. E., & Kendall, J. E. (2020). Systems analysis and design . Pearson.
Introduction One of the most significant issues that may concern humanity, climate change, is rapidly growing with no possibility to adapt to it. There is no certainty in the bright future for the Earth in the long-term perspective considering the devastating aftereffects that the phenomenon might bring. Nowadays, indicators foster efforts to foresee the impacts and derail and minimize the damage that people may encounter in case of unawareness. There is a need for a viable strategy that can be implemented in forestalling disasters. Governing authorities in every nation are looking into climate change indicators’ measurements to make corresponding actions. Projects and data often do not reach society through streams of media. While portrayed as made up or fake, if not taken seriously, climate change carries serious repercussions with melting glaciers, catastrophic storms, drought, and depletion of food sources as opponents use social media for their agenda. Drought, higher than average temperatures, melting glaciers, and acidic waters are currently wreaking havoc worldwide, and it is only the beginning. Indicators of climate change call for a thoughtful and quick response from governments. The Present Climate State and Indicators The indicators are essential to evaluate the scale of the growing or decreasing issue and examine the trend over time. As the Earth had been going through many perils for millions of years, swings of factoring temperatures have diverged variably by season. Nonetheless, over the last 50 years, scientists have been watching and recording the constant pivotal changes in climate, which will have an enormous impact in the near future (NOAA). For example, in the figure below, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) displays National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) data on seasons’ average temperature for the 48 states within the U.S. between 1896-2020. The data provided by NOAA is considered to be one of the most accurate. Seasons are defined as follows: winter (December, January, February), spring (March, April, May), summer (June, July, August), and fall (September, October, November). The baseline is important to clearly illustrate the change over the years. It was obtained by taking the average of 1901-2000. Figure 1. Average Seasonal Temperatures in the Contiguous 48 States, 1896-2020. Climate Indicators and data compiled of the United States 48, between 1896-2020 for changes in seasonal temperatures. The baseline used for this graph is derived from the years 1901-2000 for facilitating data descriptions of change. The graphs show an increase in temperatures just above 2.75 degrees, reaching 3 degrees, over time in all four seasons. The most visible change i