ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Teaching English to English language Learners (ELL) can be a very challenging task especially when dealing with a diversified society. However, teachers are often required to be willing to learn and develop new strategies that can help such students to succeed in the classroom. In addition, it is important to implement these strategies in order to motivate students from non-English speaking countries learn the English language. This is a necessary move as students who are new to the English language can feel unsuccessful, frustrated and demoralized if there is no attempt to motivate them. According to Miller and Endo (2004), the major challenges faced by ELS students emanate from cultural and linguistic problems. This is contrary to a widely held assumption that English language teachers are the problem. However, there is need for English teachers to determine the root cause of these problems and devise appropriate strategies to assist students. As an ESL teacher, I often look forward to ensuring that my students feel comfortable in the classroom and I am also required to learn new strategies to realize this goal. The paper explores the weaknesses and strengths often realized while exploring various challenges experienced while teaching a multicultural student population and how these challenges can be overcome based on my new learning. As a Bengali, Hispanic, and Arabic teacher, it is not an easy task teaching the English language. Therefore, new strategies such as questioning the students have to be adopted. Based on the practicum plan information, Socratic questioning is a good strategy that can enhance the reading, pronunciation, and the understanding capabilities of ESL students. In his research findings, Van Gorder (2003) has noted that questioning helps students to move forward, understand meaning and new vocabulary. Thereafter students are able to read fluently. In addition, questions assist students to understand new vocabularies, solve language problems and also assist them to move forward in learning the language (Van Gorder, 2003). This is useful in promoting students’ understanding, thereby enabling them to make meaning out of different texts. In addition, Socratic questioning activates students’ prior knowledge achieved through demonstration of learning. Learning new vocabulary and writing paragraphs also enables ELL and ESL students to improve their proficiency in the English language. However, this strategy is challenged by what Pellino (2007) refers to as ‘language load’. While an English teacher lists English words or asks students to write them down, on the other hand, an English l
Abstract Research analysts have come up with different definitions for learning but the universal and most accepted definition is that learning is the change in someone’s knowledge (Butcher, 2008). The change is always permanent and is most of the time based on the experience of another person. For learning to be considered effective, the instructor must always be able to use instructional material in which the learners will be able to learn from the experiences. In addition to that, learning take time and effort for the learner to be able to understand more clearly whatever the instructor is teaching him/her. Research analysts have also found out that technology is one of the most important factors that can be manipulated to be used by the instructors in the learning process. The internet has become one of the most important tools in term of research and as such the instructor must be able to use the internet as an instructional material so as to make the learning experience more effective and more interesting. It is for this reason that research analysts have recommended the use of the technological advancements in the learning process (Butcher, 2008). Thesis Statement With reference to the given question, this paper with create an internet “cheat sheet” that will be used by an instructor in the learning process so as to increase the effectiveness and in turn help the student to conduct research on their own. In addition to that, this paper will discuss the planning process for the use of instructional material that may be used by the learners
Before doing this assignment, I knew several basic concepts about computer programming and code. For example, I was aware that there are many programming languages, like JavaScript or Python, that are used for various purposes and different targeted platforms. Then, I also knew that for every task, there is a particular algorithm – a set of actions needed to achieve the desired programming output. Finally, I heard that, after designing a program, it is essential for the developer to test it out and check whether there are any problems so that users do not face them later (Google Developers, 2017). Certainly, the easiest game for me was the first one – Puzzle. I managed to finish it in a few seconds and naively assumed that all other tasks would be just as easy. The Maze game was the one I probably enjoyed the most since it was both engaging and not challenging, and I quickly understood what I needed to do. However, all last levels took me several attempts to finally see the solution, but every failure to get the person to the destination made me even more interested. I also enjoyed making music – it was satisfying and relaxing. Unfortunately, all the games with degree orientations made me doubt my skills and abilities, and I gave up quickly and decided to return to them later. Overall, I enjoyed this experience more than I thought I would, and I am excited that we have it as a part of our computer programming course. After getting acquainted with Blockly games, I managed to learn several new things about coding. First, some multi-leveled loops and conditionals may be used and connected in numerous ways. Second, I did not think that mathematical equations and math in general play such a significant role in computer programming. Finally, now I realize that apart from having talent, experience, and programming skills, it is also crucial to develop certain personal characteristics like patience, determination, and creativity. Reference Google Developers. (2017). Blockly: Using block based coding in your app [Video]. YouTube. Web.
There is a major difference between traditional and high performance workplaces in various ways. Most of the high performance work places have several ways of adapting to the continuous changes in the commerce industry, whereby the traditional workplace ever remain stuck to those challenges. High performance institutions are seriously embedded within the advancement of technology and have been enjoying productive results of this advancement ( Schermerhorn, et al, 2005). The operations of a high performance business are much more effective than that of a traditional organization. The effectiveness is enhanced by quick implementation, application of effective operational models, and effective types of approaches to eliminate stress in the working places and appropriate recruitment processes and reliable decisions of placement. Moreover, there are thriving business development practices in high performance organizations. For any organization to manage stress effectively, it should first of all determine its causes. Stress can either be from the working environment or from the other social life. The causes of stress in the working place may be from the employer, employees or from the tasks themselves ( Schermerhorn, et al, 2005). High performance organizations have tools and facilities that can be used to deal with the stressed personnel that the traditional organizations may lack. There is a high possibility of stressed employees in the traditional organizations as they may be taking it as a normal routine for employees. The dynamism of an organization is the rate at which changes are made within the business environment and it mostly depends on the internal factors. If an organization is a high performer, this implies that it has measures of realizing the areas that need change, and how to achieve that change. Tools, facilities, labor, and capital to facilitate the process of changing things are available in high performing firms. In traditional organizations, may require some changes but implementation of the process may be a challenge to the management and the organization as a whole (Schermerhorn, et al, 2005). To some of the traditional organizations, it has been realized as a big problem to realize where changes are required and they end up remaining static for a long duration of time. Reference Schermerhorn, et al,. (2005). Organizational Behaviour. New York: Wiley.
I have received the reports of questionable conduct by some of our officer employees. A more in-depth look into the matter allowed me discovering cases of noble cause corruption, such as planting of evidence, lying in court, and falsifying police reports. Their justification is that they were trying to convict dangerous suspects and these actions were necessary. Nevertheless, I do not consider such actions acceptable for an officer. Therefore, I present this memorandum for you to be aware of the principles of ethical behavior, which are obligatory for every officer, and expect your ethically-sound conduct in the future. First of all, let us define the concept of noble cause corruption. Thus, it can be explained as corruption, which suggests using illegal or unethical tools, to achieve an aim that is considered to be the greater good. In fact, the noble cause corruption justifies acting unethically or illegally for the sake of something more important. Still, an officer should be an example of ethical behavior and act within the pale of the law. Noble causes are connected with values and morals (FitzPatrick, 2006). Nevertheless, the issue of a noble cause is a complicated one. On the one hand, it can have favorable outcomes for the individuals who use it to achieve their goals. On the other hand, it is not ethical and thus should be avoided and replaced with more ethical tools. FitzPatrick (2006) singles out four principles, which are rooted in such documents as the Constitution, Amendment I, and the Bill of Rights. They are the principle of fair access, that of public trust, the principle of objectivity, and the principle of safety and security. According to the researcher, these principles comprise a “Unified Theory of Ethics for American Policing” (FitzPatrick, 2006, p. 20). The police imply making important decisions every day, and not all of them are ethical. It is essential to preserve the reputation of our department. Therefore, all the officers should make ethically-informed decisions. Moreover, it is necessary to make critical decisions and evaluate their possible consequences. For example, our officers have to make decisions at some critical points. Thus, when an arrest of a criminal is
Introduction The fact that modern technologies have made an enormous progress over the years should not be overlooked, and it is necessary to find new uses for some of the devices that have been developed. One of the most interesting devices that should be discussed is a miniature camera that has been used for many purposes and is commonly used in many areas. One of the most significant benefits that must be mentioned is that it can be used to record both video and audio in progress, and it is completely wireless (Tatum and Harris par 3.). Also, it is paramount to note that many companies have tried to take advantage of this technology because it has enormous potential that still has not been realized. Discussion The idea that is suggested is to develop miniature cameras that would be attached o shirts of soccer players that would be used to record and stream video from the perspective of a particular individual. It is necessary to mention that similar approaches have been considered in the past by football associations, but opportunities that have been introduced with the development of virtual reality technologies still have not been fully explored. Also, it is imperative to have an understanding of the fact that video editors and directors will have to deal with numerous difficulties because the number of cameras increases significantly, and it is entirely possible that they will need a lot of time to get used to such technologies. Technology It is paramount to mention that soccer can be regarded as an appropriate choice in this case because it is relatively low-contact most of the time (Trenholm par. 5). However, numerous incidents in the past have led to many injuries and other problems. The issue that should not be overlooked is that it is necessary to make sure that the camera is well-protected because such devices are quite expensive, and any damage could lead to severe losses. Also, it is necessary to make sure that the camera does not affect the process of the game for players, and they do not have to be worried about its position and if the vision is blocked. Furthermore, it is important to ensure that it is stable to provide viewers with the best possible experience. It is understandable that some technical difficulties may occur, and it could lead to questionable decisions by referees. Also, it is necessary to make sure that the quality of video that is recorded is incredibly high because the demands of viewers are always increasing. Several aspects should be consi
Financial analysis and forecasting is one of the spheres of human activity that has benefited a lot from the introduction of modern technologies. However, this process was not quite a smooth one as it required a number of important changes that transformed the field and made specialists adapt to the new conditions. First and foremost, there appeared a new source of financial information besides business publications, scholarly research, and financial reports of business organizations. Different stakeholders now have access to a number of valuable digital resources. First and foremost, the Internet and various new portals provide relevant financial reports, which is especially important for investors as they have to be aware of all the changes that happen in the market and can affect their practice. Furthermore, it would be fair to claim that such sources are more valuable than paper reports since they are updated regularly and contain data that is still up to date and can influence the decision-making process of various businesses. There exist social media resources that allow analyzing the choices of consumers and market fluctuations in connection to social trends. This is especially helpful in financial forecasting as consumption choices are usually irrational and have to be studied in order to understand what ideas customers hold about different purchases, industries, brands, prices, and other things that make them opt for one product or service while neglecting the other. We have explored how the financial data found on the famous social network Twitter can be used by a financial forecaster for creating the reliable and valuable basis for financial decision making and identified what particular benefits the network has. We discovered that density of messages makes postings useful and effective and they provide dynamic financial information free of redundancy. The research was particularly focused on timing as the most essential aspect of financial operations. All financial players strive to complete their operations in the most accurate and beneficial time, which means that they need data as soon as it appears. When professionals make use of online resources, it is necessary to gather and process large quantities of incoming information in order to extract the most valuable facts. Semantic frames that underlie textual data have to be identified to understand the major concepts. Social networks are particularly important in this aspect as they serve as massive sources of information and provide quick updates that are necessary for financial forecasting. In Twitter, a specialist can identify users whose opinions are the most accurate and reflect all the changes in the stock market. With the help of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a researcher can process a series of determined topics and compare them to the sentiment in the shared Twitter content. In this research, we collected data collected from Twitter and Google in order to prove that Twitter data has more predictive power about financial stock markets than blogs and financial news. We conducted three searches includ
The rationale for the choice of the model The rationale for the establishment of the partial immersion program at an elementary school in Saudi Arabia is based upon the benefits of this model for the students’ cognitive abilities and proficiency in general and political and educational advantages of this model of bilingual education within a broader educational context. After the disapproval of Separate Underlying Proficiency (SUP) model of bilingualism developed by Cummins in 1984, it was replaced with the Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model (Baker & Sienkewicz, 2002, p. 73). The underlying assumption of the SUP model that the acquisition of the second language is possible at the expense of the first, and the proportion of the student’s proficiency in the primary language decreases proportionally, has been recognized as erroneous. Thus, the visual illustration of the bilingual education representing the two balloons in the head of a student was incorrect. The CUP model assumes that the human brain has enough space for not only two but even more languages. The latter model illustrates the process of bilingual education in the form of an image of two separate icebergs with only their peaks which can be seen on the surface and a common area in which they are fused defined as central processing system. The main conclusion from this assumption is that regardless of the language used, the student’s thoughts are generated within this unified system and bilingual programs are valuable for enhancing the students’ cognitive skills. The peculiarity of the cognitive processes in the elementary school students is an important aspect which should be taken into account for rationalizing the establishment of the immersion program at a prep school. There is evidence that before puberty students can learn the second language as successfully as their native language because they use the same part of the brain for acquiring the materials from both languages (Baker, 2001, p. 9). The lateralization, which is defined as the process within which each side of the brain develops its specific functions continues until puberty. It explains the benefits of enrolling young learners into the immersion programs which would allow enhancing their chances for receiving a comprehensible input due to the relative simplicity of the curricula at this stage in general and developing a native-like accent in the target language. Along with the benefits of fostering the development of students’ cognitive skills, the establishment of the immersion program at an elementary school in Saudi Arabia can have specific cultural and political advantages. On the one hand, taking into account the cultural context of the country is essential to teaching and interpreting language material, which is a powerful social instrument. In that regard, the studies of the Islamic values and Arabic culture are the compulsory elements of the educational pr
Plant-based meat is not healthy since it is highly processed, and manufacturers use many modifiers to make it taste like meat. However, meat is also a dangerous product that leads to type 2 diabetes, obesity, certain types of cancer, increased blood pressure, and other cardiovascular diseases (Battaglia Richi et al., 2015). Meat used in hamburgers and other fast food dishes is also heavily processed, which means that it hardly differs from plant-based meat in terms of impact on physical health. The only real difference is that plant-based meat has considerably more sodium (Gelsomin, 2019). However, it is worth noting that plant-based meat is a relatively new product, and its quality can improve in the long run. At the same time, future research may reveal other dangers of vegan meat. Therefore, from health’s perspective, it is best to stay away from both from real processed meat and plant-based meat. However, judging from the environmental perspective, it is best to favor vegetarian meat since it does less harm to the planet. According to Swain, Blomqvist, McNamara, and Ripple (2018), livestock production takes almost one-third of all land. This fact means that the majority of forests are destroyed to feed the population with meat. Moreover, cattle breeding is associated with 14% of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. The reduction in consumption of meat can lead to a decreased use of land and water, which will positively influence the environmental situation on Earth. Therefore, it becomes clear that the possibility to decrease the harm to the planet outweighs the potentially harmful ingredients in plant-based meat, especially considering that it is equally dangerous as the processed meat. However, ideally, it is best to stay away from both processed meat and vegan substitutes, as well as reduce the consumption of animal-based foods.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by compulsions to reputedly perform certain routines, ritualistic behaviors, and obsessive thoughts and impulses that the person cannot control. Many famous historical figures exhibited symptoms of that mental disorder, and American aviation enthusiast, entrepreneur, and film director Howard Hughes is a well-known example of such a person. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the obsessive-compulsive disorder in the case of Howard Hughes, with the help of the Big Five personality model. The Big Five personality model suggests using five main dimensions to assess the personality of an individual. These five dimensions are conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, extraversion, and openness. The model is useful for the case in question because it helps understand how the patient interacts with the world. It also shows what traits contributed to the development of the disorder (Miller, Few, Lynam, & MacKillop, 2015). The main symptoms of the obsessive-compulsive disorder that were present in the example of Howard Hughes were obsessiveness with hygiene, the prevalence of following the same routines, and fixation on seemingly irrelevant details. To outline the potential causes of the disorder, it is justified to look at the childhood of Howard Hughes. As a boy, Howard had health problems and once was paralyzed due to an unknown illness. The mother was concerned with his health and tried to protect her child from any danger by teaching him to avoid any contact with potentially contagious things. Assessing the personality of Howard Hughes with the help of the Big Five model, it is justified to suggest that he was high in conscientiousness, which is the inclination to orderliness and discipline. The man was also likely high in neuroticism, making him more sensitive to negative emotions. Thus, having had a traumatic experience in his childhood that was related to illness and being psychologically predisposed to negative emotions, Howard was vulnerable to anxiety. Then, being a well-organized and methodical person, he could have developed an obsession with hygiene routine as a coping mechanism. Other symptoms of the obsessive-compulsive disorder of Howard Hughes are also related, and they could have developed in a similar way. Understanding the personality traits of the patient and the potential causes of the disorder allow choosing interventions that are appropriate for each case. An integrated approach that includes forms of pharmaceutical and behavioral interventions is required to ensure an effective treatment (Clarkin, Cain, & Livesley, 2015). Deliberate voluntarily exposure to situations that trigger symptoms of the disorder is a useful technique that might be applied to such cases. This approach is based on the idea that by c