ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The quality control over computer forensic products is necessary because of the growth of the Internet services. While providing a variety of time-saving possibilities, the Internet also creates many opportunities for malicious activities and security breaches. Forensic practice shows that computer-related cases can be complicated for various reasons. The complexity of such cases leads to the necessity of proper quality control. Thus, the investigator and the lab are challenged not only with solving a case but also providing the appropriate evidence and maintaining the required level of quality. Therefore, the level of quality must be regulated by specific documentation and entrusted to specific individuals. Challenges and Quality Control of Computer-related Cases Computer services and the Internet present possibilities for a variety of criminal activities. Nevertheless, crimes can also be prevented and investigated with the usage of computer products. For instance, the analysis of mobile applications can play a critical role in the investigation and prevention of cyber crimes, as stated by Mahajan, Dahiya, and Sanghvi (2013). This point is further expanded by Grispos, Glisson, and Storer (2013) also touching upon cloud services. Both of these studies focus on whether or not data remaining in smartphones or cloud services can be used as evidence in solving cases. To summarize, the modern forensic practice relies not only on the traditional methods of gathering evidence and data but also on computer products, which proves to be a useful measure. However effective the digital forensics can be, there is rarely a reason to use all of its resources. (Garfinkel, 2013). Not every forensic practice in the field of computer-related crimes is effective. Gathered data on the measures used by criminals to ensure their safety while committing a cyber crime indicates this ineffectiveness. The work by Stephenson and Gilbert (2013) presents the reader with methods used by professional hackers to commit cyber crimes. The increasing complexity of cyber crimes is also elucidated in the book. Thus, forensic units are facing a problem of preventing and solving cyber crimes while also coping with the increasing quality of cyber criminals’ skills. Another important topic in the field of digital forensic is the discussion of the “error.” It is frequently discussed amongst many researchers (Christensen, Crowder, Ousley, & Houck 2014). The increasing standards of quality control are a direct result of this discussion. The effectiveness of digital forensics is provided by the quality of the investigations which can be entrusted to a specific document – Quality Assurance Manual, and an individual that is observing the abidance of the forensics units – Quality Manager (Barbara, 2013). With these assets operating properly, the percentage of errors in the forensic practice can be minimized. Conclusion Hence, one can
Zora Neale Hurston is the brightest representative of American feminist writers, whose novels explore themes of feminine power, race, and identity. The protagonists of the stories are like the writer herself – they are forced to survive in similar circumstances and have the same character. These are strong women who know their worth and see the path in front of them. This paper aims to present an annotated bibliography dedicated to the works by Zora Neale Hurston. Jones, Jill C. “Taking the Axe to Babylon: Zora Neale Hurston’s” Lost” Caroline Stories, Gender, Place, and Power.” The Mississippi Quarterly , vol. 69, no. 4, 2016, pp. 481-500. For a long time, Zora Neale Hurston remained in the shadows, despite the highest quality of her prose. However, in 1975, Alice Walker, another well-known feminist writer who considered Hurston to be her inspiration, stumbled upon her grave. Only the age and name were indicated on the tombstone – Zora Neale Hurston, 1901-1960 (Jones, 2016). Therefore, Alice Walker added the following caption: “A Genius of the South, Novelist Folklorist, and Anthropologist” (Jones, 2016). Alice Walker later admitted that she was overwhelmed by such a blatant lack of attention to her beloved writer and subsequently wrote a series of articles about her heritage. In the introduction, the author of the article presents the story associated with the first visit to Zora Neale Hurston’s grave by Alice Walker. The following is an analysis of four novels by Zora Neale Hurston, featuring Caroline and her cheating husband Mitchell (or Oscar in the “She Rock”). These are “Pants and Cal’line” (1926), “The Eatonville Anthology” (1926), “The Country in the Woman” (1927), and the “She Rock” (1933). These stories depict the relationships between Caroline and her husband, who is cheating on her. The author of the article says that, despite minor plot variations, Caroline reflects the writer who copied this
Introduction The global economic environment has become more interlinked in the 21 st century than ever before because more business enterprises have realized the importance of having trade relations within and outside their countries. Several prevailing factors that have a direct impact on the global economy influence greatly how the world business environment is likely to be at any given time (Harrison, 2010). This paper will examine the influence of factors on world economy. It will also examine how these factors shape global economic environment. Transnational Business and its Role in Contemporary Society Multinational business enterprises have had a big impact on the global economy over the years because of their operations in many countries. This has meant that these businesses have had a major influence on investment patterns and economic activities globally because of their wide branches of networks that defy geographical and political boundaries (Meteer, 2004). The multinationals have been forced to improve their business processes within the locations they operate in collaboration with their employees at designated locations. Meteer (2004), argues that such organizations have been forced to allocate resources for improvement of processes through effective structures in which employees and management teams can collaborate to facilitate improvement of procedures. These initiatives help Multinational Corporations to evaluate their participation in formulation of policies across their branches globally. The multinationals can afterwards assess the impacts of structural improvements on business through regular meetings with staff t. Business Environment PESTEL Business environment has a key influence on the way business activities are to be carried out and it is necessary for a business to have a comprehensive assessment of all factors that can have a bearing on how business is conducted within a particular location. Evans and Richardson (2007), contend that globalized economic environment is complex and changes from time to time and this places a heavy responsibility on multinationals and other business enterprises. They are forced to adapt in order to deal with these factors for the benefit of their organizations. A company cannot ignore political issues when assessing the business environment in which it operates because it affects government policies such as licensing, regulation and taxation, which have a direct consequence on the activities of a business enterprise (Evans, & Richardson, 2007). The economic and social factors play a crucial role in determining monetary climate that the business operates in and the nature of consumption habits that prevail within that particular area concerning lifestyles. These social aspects help a business organization to evaluate potential changes brought about by their products in the market. Evans and Richardson (2007), insist that an enterprise must factor in technological solutions that it can introduce within the market it seeks to establish itself and research initiatives it can introduce to help improve its operations. The environmental factors
2005 Stanford Commencement Speech This Stanford speech is one of the strongest ever given by Steve Jobs. Critics call it legendary and one of the most inspiring speeches of all time (Niebuhr, Brem, Novák-Tót, & Voße, 2016). It followed a clear structure, and Jobs opened his address by showing humility to the students, and an outline of the whole address followed after it. It was effective to do so because the speech was rather long, and the plan helped keep the structure in mind. He spoke mainly of his personal stories, and his experience supported his ideas. He often, however, lost eye contact with his audience because he continually looked to his sheet to read the address. The lack of eye contact, along with his unneeded remark about Microsoft allegedly copying Apple, were the only points that Jobs could have improved. Jobs was loud enough for everybody to hear and very confident. His voice was not monotone, as he filled his address with humor and variances in tone. Jobs spoke at a comfortable rate so that he was understood by everyone. He read his speech, that is why he did not use vocal fillers to permeate time between constructs. Jobs was dressed the same as the gr
According to the majority-minority paragon, whites have higher socioeconomic characteristics than racial and ethnic minorities due to discrimination. However, Asian Americans defy this typical view, at least in some way. Studies have shown that Asian Americans have an increasing mean level of educational attainments. Also, recent studies have shown an improvement in the labor market, especially for the Asian Americans who attained their education in the United States. Per capita income among Asians is significantly high and is comparable to that among whites. Asian Americans are considered to have the lowest poverty levels than any other racial or ethnic group. However, it is important to acknowledge that there have been improved opportunities for Asian Americans compared to the widespread discrimination and labor markets drawbacks in the early twentieth century (New American Economy, 2018). Effects of Sex Segregation, Sex Discrimination, and Sexual Harassment on Women’s Careers Women gain positions in lower-paid occupations compared to men in most labor markets. Discrimination against women at work can have detrimental effects on mental and physical health. Sexual harassment impacts the life of a career woman and can cause other aspects of mental health such as anger and self-doubt. These mental effects are generated at work, causing a reduction in job satisfaction and unproductivity (Folke & Rickne, 2020). In addition, it leads to work withdrawal, absenteeism, and detrimental relationships with co-workers. For more than a decade, the gender gap in income has remained the same due to gender segregation in workplaces. Therefore, this can be attributed to women being overrepresented in “pink collar” jobs. Sexual harassment is precise across many occupations, but it is higher in male-dominated industries (Blackstone et al., 2017). Effects on the Work Hours and Earnings of Men and Women Who Have Children In the case of childbirth, both genders (female and male) are treated differently. The gap occurs even when a child’s mother has a higher income than the father. Compared to their lower-income male partners, women with higher income have to leave their well-paid jobs after the child’s birth if the women continue to work, it results in a notable decline in working hours compared to their male counterparts, where we see minimal to no decline in their paid work hours (Blau, & Winkler, 2017). Experiences of Younger Workers with Sexual Harassment Young workers who encounter sexual harassment are likely to have declined productivity, and it is difficult for them to manage the physical and mental health consequences. Most of them abandon their careers or become accustomed to sexual harassment in the work environment. In order to curb sexual harassment, various measures need to be put in place. For instance, an e
Studying is a process that requires a lot of concentration. Sometimes the learners need to spend hours focused on a certain activity, which is not easy when there are numerous distractions working against them. Among the most well-known distraction of the modern days there are friends, family, work, phone, computer and physical needs. These six kinds of distractions are able to create very unfavorable conditions for studying. Distractions are traditionally considered as negative phenomena, while they definitely contain some benefits for the learners. This paper is focused on the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of the most popular kinds of distractions for the students. Advantages of Distractions Regardless of the traditional belief that distractions produce only negative impacts on the learners, there are also a number of positive influences. For example, the individuals who study at different affiliations still remain active and fully-featured members of the society. As a result, being involved into interpersonal relationships and communication is not only normal but healthy. Becoming students, people enter a community of learners which is able to assist them with their education. Communication with peers and teachers (technically, a distraction) is a great way to improve one’s learning. Moreover, social isolation typical for e-learners is a big disadvantage it comes along with low motivation and lack of information (Advantages and Disadvantages of eLearning, n. d.). Besides, distractions provide a vital stress-release means which is necessary for those who study hard. At times, a learner might find themselves stuck working on a certain assignment. In this case, the change of surroundings, a relaxing conversation, or just a movie or TV show session might revitalize the student and even provide new perspectives on their assignment. Disadvantages of Distractions First of all, distractions take the learners’ attention off their studies, which often causes delays with papers and assignments completion and bad grades. The severity of consequences of these happenings may vary from having to make-up for a missed class, to retaking an exam, and to getting suspended or expelled from the inst
On March 20, 2003, the United States and Great Britain initiated an invasion of Iraq by means of missiles, aircraft and troops. It was an offence unauthorized by the U.N. Security Council. At the same time, it can be safely argued that Iraq was not at war with the United States or her allies nor was she was contemplating such an occurrence. The 2003 invasion of Iraq lasted from March 20 to May 1, 2003. It was led by the United States, reinforced by British forces and other comparatively smaller sources of assistance from Australia, Poland and Denmark. However, a number of other countries also jumped into the melee after the war had laid down its burden. It is a matter of thousand pities that multilateral diplomacy did not succeed in resolving the dispute. The war went in violation of the breach of the U.N. charter. The worlds’ most prestigious body was made irrelevant during the process of invasion. It was satirized by calling it to show some backbone to the problem. The objectives which the world powers wanted to gain from the war were considered so important that the calls of the U.N. for multilateral diplomacy and c regard for international law were absolutely ignored. They stood nowhere in the calculation of allies. Nato became the first causality of the war. France and Germany along with even the civil societies of the invading countries were provoked to protest against the flagrant impingement of all established norms of dealing with such an issue. It became the scar on the forehead of the world community to see the day when legitimacy and involvement of the relevant bodies and institutions were not allowed by force. Modern diplomacy and international law got severe jerk and nearly uprooted. A very dangerous precedent has been set where every country if mightier may take a course of action as she thinks essential. It must be noticed here that United Nations resolution no 1483,(1) which removed sanctions and permitted America to consume the oil revenue and which some think providing legal cover was passed on May 22, 2003. It was after the demise of “major combat operations” on May 1, 2003. Hence, the view of legal cover is flawed. Bush and Tony Blair were categorical in stressing that there was one sufficient justification of the war and that was Saddams’ having weapons of mass destruction including the most fatal nuclear weapons. Later, on Bush went on to add that America also wanted to see regime change in Iraq and liberate its masses from the shackles of dictatorship who gave them nothing but the miseries of life. The Bush administration advanced the argument that by failing to comply with the UN Security Council, Iraq was in violation of international law and she must be taught lessons. She had failed to disarm and submit to inspections. Iraq was contravening several UN resolutions that included resolutions no. 660, 678 and the US has come to aid the UN for legal compliance by a state that is flouting the Security Councils’ authority with an increased sense of impunity. However, the critics of the argument stress that the legal right to adopt the methodology of the execution of the resolutions lies with the Secu
Introduction For both romantic lovers and interested in history, The Notebook is something to savor. Directed by Nick Cassavetes in 2004, the movie stars Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling as young Noah and Ellie and Gena Rowlands and James Garner as elderly Duke (Noah) and Ellie. The Notebook is based on a highly praised novel by renowned writer Nicholas Sparks. The movie tells a story of an unfading, omnipotent, genuine love of a couple that lasts for ages overcoming all the obstacles and difficulties. It should be stressed that the movie received ambiguous reviews: it was highly appraised by half of the critics; the others claimed The Notebook is corny, too sweet, and sentimental. From my perspective, it all depends on personal tastes and preferences but, on the whole, brilliant cast performance, moving play of protagonists, powerful film techniques make an amazing, emotional, thought-provoking film. One more argument in favor of this film being a success is that it was nominated on MTV Movie Awards, Teen Choice Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, and won 7 nominations out of 11, which speaks for its own and doesn’t require any additional comments. The Notebook is a brilliant example of actors’ and director’s work The Notebook comprises many themes but the major theme that explicitly stands out throughout the film is the idea that love conquers everything. Furthermore, the film concerns itself with the theme of social inequality that stands in the way of love. In addition, one more important theme is emphasized in the movie: one should always follow his/her heart and make choices regardless of norms of behavior that are imposed on them by society. The film opens up with the shot of an elderly couple, Duke, an old man, who reads to his partner a story of their love. The scene is placed in the retirement home where the old lady suffers from an incurable disease of Alzheimer’s. The story in the movie is presented on two levels or “cuts between the same couple at two seasons in their lives”: it is a variation of a story-within-a-story (Ebert). This effect serves the purpose to reinforce the main theme of the film. Thus, reading the story, Duke tries to recall his partner of their love that probably could fight the appalling disease even if the victory is only for few moments of old lady’s sanity. The whole love story is presented from the point of view of young Noah and Ellie and also from the point of view of the sophisticated elderly Duke, i.e. Noah himself, who never left his beloved in need and stays with her till the end. The mood of the movie is very sincere and emotional. The movie gives no definite impressions dwelling on both sad themes and victorious themes of love. What’s more, The Noteb
Introduction Suicide is one of the most critical risks for the well-being of the present-day world population. Its increasing rates allow considering this factor as a priority for healthcare providers and policymakers (Twenge et al., 2019). Meanwhile, this indicator is not universal and varies depending on personal circumstances. Scholars claim that the differences in this regard are mainly conditional upon the affected persons’ age (Simons et al., 2019). Therefore, it is vital to thoroughly examine people’s attitudes towards this negative phenomenon and consider the existing treatment and prevention programs to gain a better understanding of the essential underlying processes. The Perception of Suicide by Society The first aspect is society’s views on the attempts of suicide committed by the representatives of various population groups. They are primarily formed under the influence of age as it determines the perception of more significant risks for people aged 18-49 (Simons et al., 2019). This situation is explained by the fact that other individual suicide risk factors are seemingly less critical compared to the above condition (Simons et al., 2019). Moreover, the screening in the hospital setting among the patients who were reported to have attempted suicide shows that the evidence is more apparent in younger people rather than their older counterparts (Simons et al., 2019). The former category tends to be more impulsive, has referrals to mental health specialists, and is recommended for psychiatric hospitalization (Simons et al., 2019). In addition, they have more frequent cases of depression and psychological distress (Twenge et al., 2019). From this perspective, the existing beliefs in the susceptibility of youngsters to suicide are confirmed by the researchers. These outcomes positively correlate with the societal tendency to attribute the problem to adolescents while neglecting the older population or considering their risks insignificant. Treatment and Prevention Programs The above considerations lead to the necessity to apply practical methods for treatment after an attempted suicide as well as generalized prevention programs. These initiatives differ depending on personal circumstances while being similar in terms of the instruments suitable for addressing the task. Thus, the planning of care for people following the suicide attempts is based on the assessment of other conditions, which can possibly contribute to a negative outcome. For example, in the case of schizophrenia, the prescription is clozapine since it is recommended for reducing the corresponding risks (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, n.d.). In other situations, the possible options are cognitive behavior therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy, while the latter is mostly applica