Executive Summary This report evaluates the current implementation level of HIS, PACS, EHRs, and HIEs in the UK and Australia. The health information system (HIS) provides a promise of improved clinical outcomes and efficiency in these countries. An overview of the country profiles reveals that the UK spends more on health care than Australia (9.6% vs. 9.4%). Further, the UK’s healthcare resources are better than those of Australia are. The UK physician and hospital bed population are 8.2 and 2.8 per 1000 people compared to 3.39 and 3.36 in Australia. Each country uses a different model to deploy the HIS and PACS systems. While the UK’s deployment has used regional clusters, the Australian system has employed a state-level Enterprise Imaging Repository (EIR). With regard to EHRs, although the UK leads in the physician use of EMRs, its Care Record has limited information exchange capacity compared to Australia’s PCEHR due to interoperability issues. The two countries use a centralized data repository to facilitate a secure exchange of patient health data between providers. Introduction The purpose of this report is to evaluate national implementations of health information systems (HIS) in the UK and Australia. The two countries have implemented large-scale health information systems to improve clinical work processes and support health care policy formulation and implementation. Such systems provide data on the prevailing health determinants, value of investments, performance indicators, health outcomes, and health inequalities within a country ( OECD par. 2). The two countries’ HIS and PACS performance and deployment approach, EHR status, and HIE status fall within the scope of this evaluation. The approach adopted involves a systematic search and analysis of country-specific data related to the implementation of HIS in the two countries, as reported in literature. This report will be limited to the contexts, deployments, and status of the healthcare technologies in the two countries. Country Profiles UK The demographic data of the UK, according to the World Health Organization [WHO] (2015) report, show that the country has a total population of 64.1 million, a median age of 39.8 years, a life expectancy of 82.8 (female) and 78.8 (male) years, and a GDP of US$36,327 (par. 6). The percentage of the UK’s GDP that goes into health is 9.6%. The country has an open economy with adequate investment in science and technology. The unemployment rate dropped to 5% in 2016 ( OECD par. 5). However, the Brexit referendum outcome has had an impact on productivity growth. The new strategies implemented focus on university-industry collaborations to boost competitiveness. Australia The 2015 WHO estimates show that Australia has a total population of about 24 million (par. 12). Its gross national income per capita (purchasing power parity) is $42. The life expectancy at birth stands at 81/85 years with the probability of death or mortality rate (15-60 years) being 74/44 per 1000 people ( OECD par. 11). The country’s per capita healthcare expenditure is $4,357, while the proportion of GDP spent on health is 9.4%. Over the past decade, the growth in the Australia’s labor productivity has been the highest among the OECD countries ( OECD par. 15). The economy is reliant on coal and iron exports. Current government strategies/policies aim at promoting business innovation and entrepreneurship. Country Health System Overview The Department of Health (DOH) manages the entire UK healthcare system. The natio