ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This paper looks at the Scooter Store’s voice-activated scooters and their marketing plan. This includes their segmentation criteria, which enables the company to effectively target the market with the highest probability to maximize profits. It also looks at the attributes of the voice-activated scooter, like the voice activation and the touch screen. Finally, it looks at a relevant advertising plan that will help the company to realize its goals. Segmentation Criteria There are four ways for the Scooter Store to key out the segmentation criteria which will affect their target market selection. To begin with, they should source data and useful information on their potential clients. For instance, if their outlets are based on the same geographic location, U.S. Census data might help them identify their potential customers by dividing the population based on age, family size, nationality, and income. Additionally, they can also conduct field research studies purposed at gathering information that will help them understand their consumers. Second, they should break down the populace into separate market segments. It is by these segments that the market venture is divided into demographic factors like; age or income; lifestyle; neighborhood; or customer behaviors. Third, they may evaluate the segments that they ought to target. The target segments ought to be large enough to warrant the company marketing to them, approachable through regular marketing channels, and unique enough from other segments to call for a separate market campaign. In addition to this, the Scooter Store must be able to point out the targeted needs of the segments. Finally, the Scooter Store ought to rank their market segments in terms of their potential sales. The best criteria would be covering a large population to maximize the returns from their campaign. On the other hand, the population should be homogeneous enough such that they will not have to conduct several campaigns to reach out to the people. In light of these points, it becomes easier to identify the voice-activated scooter’s target market: the temporally or permanently disabled like quadriplegics. This is the group that will respond the strongest to the company’s marketing campaigns. The Attributes of the Voice-Activated Scooter This voice-activated scooter has built-in speakers and a voice recognition machine that allows the owner to record his or her name into the system. Once the user has recorded his or her voice, the chair will obey the commands of the programmed voices. The scooter will recognize up to three separate voices. It will allow the programmed voices to command the scooter to move forward, backward, neutral, or any other command.
Introduction Since the end cold war politics, there has been a growth in the Muslim population not only in the United States but also in other parts of the world. In the USA, the population of Muslims has increased in an unprecedented way owing to many factors. In Europe, France has seen the number of Muslims increase largely. This paper explores various factors that have led to the increase of Muslims and the spread of Islam, especially after the cold war. Although the increase of Muslim population has been impressive, it is imperative to mention that the growth has been modest. The rationale is that it remains a minority religion in many parts of the Western world. Also, the paper will highlight the reasons that have hampered the spread of Islam in the US and in the modern world. Factors leading to the increase of Islam In the United States, the increase in the Muslim population has been modest. According to various religious analysts, Islam grew by 109% from 1990 to 2000 (Curtis 117). Although this percentage may seem staggering, it is imperative to highlight that Islam is not the fastest-growing religion in the US. This is contrary to numerous notions and perspectives that attempt to project the religion as the most attractive. For instance, the growth of Hinduism was higher than that of Islam within the same period. Many factors have led to the increase of Islam in the US as well as other parts of the world. At the outset, the culture of Islam has allowed an increase of Muslim population. Demographically, many Muslims are within the childbearing age (Ahmed 61). This implies that religion is poised to increase in all parts of the world as the global population continues to grow. Besides, Islam allows followers to engage in polygamy. This implies that an average Muslim household has many members than any Christian household. As such, children born in Muslim households are likely to follow Islamic teachings due to the influence of the socialization process (Ahmed 63). This implies that the Muslim population enjoys higher fertility rates not only in the US but also in other parts of the world. Further, Islam has experienced increased growth in parts of Europe. In particular, France has one of the largest Muslim populations in Europe. The rationale is that Islam has been one of the major religions in France since the end of the cold war. Besides, France has allowed numerous immigrants from the West of Africa to work and live in the country (Curtis 132). Undoubtedly, the dominant religion in Western Africa is Islam. As such, numerous immigrants do not abandon their religion leading to a surge in the Muslim population in many parts of France. Although the increase of Islam in France has been outstanding, it has grown slowly owing to other factors (Pauly 59). Also, it is important to point out that democracy and enshrinement of fundamental human rights have allowed the religion t
Abstract Accelerometers are intelligent electronic sensors that are actively used in many industries in spite of innovative thinking and technological advancements. In this research paper, the focus is made on comparing capacitive and piezoelectric accelerometers and their practical application in real life solutions based on the recent scientific evidence. It is specifically argued that capacitive accelerometers best fit the importance of measuring static forces, while their piezoelectric counterparts best serve the need of exploring dynamic forces; however, a combination of both is still a valid solution for future implementation efforts. The advantages and disadvantages of both types are further outlined, following the most applicable industry applications of using accelerometers on the industry scale. Finally, certain constraints are voiced on the future sensor development research based on the case of industries that require future innovation in terms of technological mastery. Introduction The intelligent electronic sensors are omnipresent in our contemporary lives. Among the recent industry trends, innovative sensor technologies are represented by the ultrasound, optoelectronic, and laser technologies that transcend our perception of advancement in many commercial industries such as healthcare, automotive, and smart home applications [1, 2-4]. The one of such intelligent sensor types are accelerometers, the electronic devices that measure acceleration forces influencing the object to determine its spatial position and monitor related movements. The unit measurement of these sensors is a vector quantity, which is a rate of change of an object’s velocity [2]. The physical principle behind the operation of accelerometers is measuring two types of external forces. The static forces are those that are constantly applied to the object (for instance, friction or gravity), while the dynamic forces are related to movement and applied to the object randomly depending on the environmental conditions (for instance, vibration) [1]. Hence, intelligent sensing of the two types of forces allows better integration with computerized environment and notify users about potential condition changes or collision effects. For the purposes of this research study, two accelerometer types are compared. The first type is capacitive accelerometers, which explore the change in electrical capacity to determine the extent of acceleration of the object [2]. The sec
In business, organizations tend to consider every possible approach to help them increase or save profits. However, even though some of these methods are risky and unreliable, managers still want to try them because they see no other opportunity to keep the business. In Best Buy’s case, the decision was made to separate the good customers from the bad ones (Elberse, Gourville & Narayandas 2007). However, it does not look like the company was able to reach what it endeavored. There are many ways to increase customers’ interest in being loyal to the company. Sampling products allows potential clients to make a choice of some item over another one (Biswas et al. 2014). Commercial marketing is considered a significant advantage when an organization wants to make a positive impact on the buyers’ personal autonomy (Anker, Kappel & Sandøe 2010). Scholars emphasize the importance of thinking about the future when making decisions at present. They find it a great way of saving money on things that one may not need in a couple of years (Hershfield 2013). Most of all, specialists emphasize the need to create successful strategies of market orientation so as to be able to meet the clients’ needs (Singh 2008). Taking all of these factors into consideration, it is possible to conclude that Best Buy’s angels and devils classification did not bring the expected positive change. According to Kotler and Keller (2012), consumers pass five phases when making a purchase decision: recognition of the problem, search for information, assessment of alternatives, purchase resolution, and post-purchase conduct. The factors affecting the behavior of Best Buy’s customers were associated with the price of products suggested by the company and the possibility of gaining some advantage when returning the products and buying them at discount prices. The brightest example of the five-stage model introduced by Kolter and Keller (2012) is the way in which the company arranged the evaluation of its customers’ post-purchase behavior. The organization monitored people’s post-purchase actions as well as their level of satisfaction and the use and disposal of purchased goods (Kotler & Keller 2012). However, when the company’s CEO initiated the process of diving clients into good and bad ones, he did not realize what adverse outcomes such approach would cause. The competitors of Best Buy, Wal-Mart and Dell being the biggest ones, used the compan
Health and medicine is an important field in the human life. This paper provides a summary of an article about key elements of various sources of primary law. It also explains how interest groups influence the policy and decision-making processes in pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom. The article on “In whose interest?” by Kathryn Jones (2008) explores how consumer groups in the United Kingdom manage, unfold and engage in the policy-making process. Consumer groups are greatly involved in health policy process. Particularly, the author examines how consumer groups relate to pharmaceutical industry. The main aim is to incorporate groups’ agendas into industry’s policies. The author refers to these groups influence as “political settlements”. As a result, healthcare services offered are effective and efficient. According to Jones (2008), “political settlements” ensure availability of safe medicine as well as accessible and affordable health care services. Jones (2008) established that 26% of consumer groups confessed that they receive financial support from the pharmaceutical industry. An interview conducted by Jones showed a coincidence of purpose among consumer groups, stakeholders and the pharmaceutical industry. These stakeholders acknowledge that their collaboration is crucial because it minimizes conflicts of interest. In addition, the collaboration maximizes benefits and the quality of health care services offered. Jones (2008) noted that consumer groups act as mediators between pharmaceutical companies and clients. This means that, consumer groups promote the interests of users or patients. Moreover, Jones (2008) explores how this relationship affects debates related to regulation of industry activities, access to medicine and inclusion of consumer interests in policies. Jones (2008) concludes that the link between the pharmaceutical and consumer groups has been over-stated. The author states that consumer groups lack transparency. As a result, mistrust between policy- makers and consumer group is inevitable. The fact that consumer groups receive funds from pharmaceutical industry reduces their credibility. As a result, inclusion of consumer needs can be ineffective. The article authored by Alison Kitson et al. (2013) on core elements of patient-centred care examines the key aspects of this policy in medicine and nursing. Kitson et al. (2013) noted that existing health care approach is being transformed to patient-centred care. In addition the author notes that, governments and lobby groups put emphasis on health care services which focus on needs of an individual patient. The author identifies dimensions to be addressed in order to achieve the goals of patient-centered care. Kitson et al. (2013) noted core elements in patient-centred care policy which include
Introduction Golf is a sport that has been in existence for over 500 years thanks to the Scottish who are believed to be the founders of the sport. Many historians have argued that Scots were the first payers of golf in the world. In America golf did not take root until the late 1880s. However the game was being played at once all throughout the nation. In 1889 New Jersey welcomed the game to be played in its soil. This was followed by the introduction of golf courses throughout the state for instance in cities such as Ridgewood and Riverton. John Reid was a Scotsman who first built a three holes course in Yonkers. This was near his home but he later came to establish the St Andrews Yonkers club. Golf began gaining popularity in the United States after World War 1. The 18 th century so the establishment of golf associations likes the St Andrews Society of golfers. Robert Tyre is a significant name in American golf because of winning a number of titles including the British open, British Amateur and the American amateur (Taylor,2008). Main Text In the earlier years before 1913 golf in America was mainly played by the wealthy in the society. Francis Quimet was significant in the history of golf in America after winning the US open championship over two British players. This was so because after his victory, golf as a sport attracted a lot of attention from the public. Popularity of the game continued to increase in the 1930s and even started being televised. In the American colleges tournament golf became established as a spectator sport in 1920s In the 20 th century various contribution have been made towards the development of golf in American colleges for instance people like Babe Didrickson Zaharias have been a source of inspiration for those who are in charge of golf in American colleges plus the players. This has seen the development of more golf courses in the country to support golf as a college sport. Though golf was also introduced in other countries, it has essentially remained an American game. This is because outstanding people like Jones and Tiger Woods are all from America (Mark, 2001). In 1869 golf is in record as the college sport the first recorded inter–college game. This was particularly between the universities of Princeton and Rutgers. In American universities golf is viewed both from an economic and sociological point of view. Economically golf generates
The modern world depends on technology in a major way. The dominance of technology in day-to-day activities has made it necessary for stakeholders to formulate rules that govern this technology. Advancements in information technology come with various legal and ethical issues that are relevant to the current environment. When these issues are adequately addressed, they can enhance the use of information technology in everyday life. The fact that technology keeps changing adds to the complexity of the ethical and legal issues surrounding information technology. There are several legal and ethical issues surrounding information technology including privacy, appropriate use, copyright laws, and consumer protection. It is important for all information technology users to be conversant with the current legal and ethical issues that apply to information technology. One of the most significant ethical issues in information technology is that of appropriate use. Information technology has provided people with a platform in which they can accomplish almost anything. This means there are no limitations when it comes to the use of information technology tools such as the internet. Anyone can use information technology in a manner that serves his/her purposes. In the past, the ethical issues concerning appropriate use of information technology have been manifested in a number of ways. For example, it is often debated whether social media websites should disallow terrorists from using their websites. The issues of appropriate use usually degenerate into legal issues. Copyright qualifies as both a legal and ethical issue relating to Information technology. Information technology has been both a blessing and a curse for intellectual property owners. Intellectual property owners first used information technology as a promotional forum for their craft. However, the forum later changed into an illegal distribution point for most of their craft. Information technology makes it easy to replicate, alter, and transmit intellectual property. Choosing to buy a property that you can easily copy free of charge is largely an ethical issue. This issue is further compounded by the fact that the copied items work in the same way as the originals. Most governments have spelt out copyright laws that are aimed at protecting intellectual properties. For instance, the “Copyright, Designs and Patent Act of 1988 makes it illegal to copy original intellectual property” (Bocij, Greasley & Hickie, 2009). The privacy issue features prominently in the list of legal and ethical concerns of information technology. The issue of privacy in information technology has been addressed through various federal and state laws. These laws usually target all information technology users. However, some of these laws target companies and institutions that might have access to private information. Most of these institutions are websites
Introduction and Theory Section Several theories have been used to explain America’s nursing shortage that begun in mid 1980s and is projected to peak in 2020s. Among them is the fact that there are too many nurses leaving the profession through retirement but replacements have been hard to come-by. This is happening at a time that the nation is in need of many more nurses, because of the increasing demand for nursing services. The result: lots of patients in need but too few nurses to provide care. The US is not alone in this scenario; several developed nations such as Britain, Japan and Australia are faced with the same challenge. Some researchers (Wagner, 2005) have used the catastrophe theory to explain the history, current, and future of nursing shortage in United States. This theory is meant to understand different causes of the shortage and thus help in developing solutions to this problem. Catastrophe theory is further used in understanding the needs of nursing professionals that are currently in the workforce. The heavy pressure upon current workers has had a big tall that cannot wane until all more nurses have been hired. Solutions should however be found as soon as possible because commitment to the profession could be diminished soon, which will have dare consequences on the already delicate situation. Understanding the needs of new hires should also be taken into consideration; this will help in increasing job satisfaction in this demanding profession. The theory demands senior management in the nursing profession to understand what will make nursing environment friendlier to the nurses. This could be done through regular surveys that will later be used in developing environ
Background Electron interactions with the periodic ionic lattice modify wave functions, causing band gaps in the allowed states’ spectrum. This article presents electromagnetic wave propagation in the stratified medium that generalizes and simplifies the usual two-by-two matrix analysis. Through the presentation, the author demonstrates infinite periodic band structures’ implications for finite structure reflection and the universality of some reflectivity features, which was discernible in the early days of quantum mechanics. For example, while Isaac Newton examined the properties of elastic waves on a single-dimension lattice of spring-connected masses as a sound model, Rayleigh recognized stop band possibilities for periodic structure waves in relation to stratified medium’s high reflection. However, it was the French physicist Florin Abelès who advanced stratification’s modern optics. Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Medium In developing the equation for wave propagation through a stratified medium, it is important to consider the nature of that stratification. Possible forms of stratifications include planar stratification, characteristic matrix, and a stack of discrete layers (Born & Wolf, 2013). For planar stratification and the propagation of light through this medium, one assumption is that a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave (such as light) travels through it. Because the wave is linearly polarized, it is a transverse (TE) electric wave. Figure 1: Cartesian stratification geometry and TE wave. From Figure 1 above, the assumption is that an electromagnetic wave with a y-axis linear polarization is propagating through the medium. As seen in the picture, H is in the xz incidence plane alongside the S pointing vector, while E remains parallel to the y-axis. The y-direction invariant wave’s incidence angle is φ. Because the medium is stratified, a constant refraction index’s planar surface is perpendicular to the x-axis. Regarding their extent, the surfaces are infinite and parallel to the yz-plane. Therefore, it would be adequate for one to consider TE’s case and its xz-plane propagation as the starting point for the comprehension of the movement of electromagnetic waves through a stratified medium. Notably, there are many reasons for analyzing the transverse electric case as the starting point. The resulting equations are simpler for TE waves through a medium where µ ≡ 1 than for the transverse magnetic (TM) waves involving the same medium. Obtaining results that are adequate for the transverse magnetic (TM) case requires the utilization of a mathematical description of the H, which is obtained from treating the TE case and combining it with Maxwell equation’s symmetry property. The noteworthy point is that Maxwell’s equations remain unchanged even with the simultaneous exchange of field vectors and their medium parameters according to the transformation. If from the TE case, one derives the value of H, then they can obtain E fo