ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction With the advent of globalization, geographic and regulatory barriers are slowly dissolving and global markets are opening up. In a global market, there will be increased electronic distribution and competition. In order to survive in the global market, companies much either restructure or die (Bryan and Fraser 1999). Economic integration, the force driving this expansion, is promoting the formation of global markets in accounting, chemicals, food, health care, the mass media, pulp and paper, telecommunications, and many other industries. In a world without economically significant geographic boundaries, the rules are going to change. While some of the changes of the global market are for the better, there are some dangers as well. The good news is that companies will have access to the world’s finest resources: the most talented labour, the largest markets, the most advanced technologies, and the cheapest and best suppliers of goods and services. The bad news is that the risks will be high because every business will have to compete against the world’s best, and integrating markets are volatile and uncertain(Bryan and Fraser 1999). There are also security issues arising due to the rise of global markets. Globalization is increasing the interdependence of the world’s economies and affecting national security and the economic well-being of the American people. Security Issues The United States has been the principal architect of global markets and has benefited immensely from the same. But these benefits of global trade have not been equally shared and this has put a strain both internally and externally on the U.S. In fact, global market forces have made the United States more vulnerable to overseas economic crises. Moreover, with expanding global markets, the United States is finding it increasingly difficult to have control over critical technologies and industrial bases that U.S. economic and military security depends on. With the advent of the Internet, it is now possible for electronic government and commercial applications to move across national boundaries posing serious security issues in the context of legal responsibility, consumer protection, and jurisdiction over offences committed online, and many others. As a result of global markets, the U.S. has entered into several international Trade agreements such as the WT
Introduction/Thesis statement In order for us to be able to define and to explain the most distinctive features of British capitalism, ever since the time of Industrial Revolution until comparatively times, we will need to refer to the discussed subject matter from not solely economic but also geopolitical and socio-cultural perspective. If put in a nutshell, the history of British capitalism can be outlined as follows: After Industrial Revolution made it possible to invest in such newly emerged industries as textile producing, railway building and steam-engine engineering, through years 1760-1860 British economy experienced an unprecedented boom. Nevertheless, from 1860 onwards, the vitality of British economy started to become progressively undermined. This process continued throughout the course of 20 th century and had resulted in creation of a situation when, as of today, British financial system is essentially the only self-sustainable sector of country’s economy. And, there are good reasons to believe that the closer analysis of British capitalism’s evolution, will provide us with the insight on what represented its foremost features, throughout the course of an affiliated historical era. In this paper, we will aim to do just that. Main part/Conclusion The origins of British capitalism are rooted in the workings of Puritan/Protestant mentality. As it was pointed out by Max Weber, the very essence of Protestantism, as essentially secular religion, created objective preconditions for Industrial Revolution to begin in Britain, as the country that featured a stable government, on one hand, and idealistically minded but utterly industrious population, on another – it is namely the combination these two socio-political factors that drives forward scientific progress. [1] Thus, it was due to objectively existing laws of historical dialectics that, from 1760 onwards, the value of labor in British economy started to attain independent subtleties – hence, facilitating the process of country’s industrialization. By the end of 19 th century, Britain became the first fully industrialized nation. Nevertheless, what differed Britain from other countries that had undergone industrialization later in history, is that it possessed a vast colonial Empire. This was exactly the reason why in Britain, instead of being invested into developing of new technologies, the bulk of ‘surplus value’, created by an ongoing process of industrialization, was invested into the maintenance of an Empire and into developing the resource-based sectors of economy. In his book, Rubinstein (1993) states: “British investment increasingly went overseas, especially into developing the primary industries – minerals, rubber, jute, gold and diamonds – of the tropical Empire, or the infrastructure – railways, docks, public works, construction – in the temperate regions of the Empire settled by emigre Britons” (p. 4). Nevertheless, as we are well aware of, the pace of scientific progress renders the functioning of resource-based commercial enterprises increasingly unfeasible. For example, after the end of WW2, the cost value of a copper in telephone cables accounted for 8
Horntvedt, May-Elin, et al. “Strategies for Teaching Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Education: A Thematic Literature Review.” BMC Medical Education , vol. 18, no. 172, 2018, pp. 1–11. Web. The scholarly source published in a peer-reviewed journal, BMC Medical Education , in 2018, was created by Horntvedt et al., the experts in Nursing and Health Sciences, who investigate teaching/learning strategies related to evidence-based practice (EBP). The authors apply the method of database literature search and aim to respond to the research question related to the best EBP strategies for enhancing knowledge in undergraduate students and the potential barriers in education. The researchers argue that there are difficulties in nurses’ EBP application and use qualitative evidence from critical appraisal and thematic analysis for the purpose of understanding interactive methods, clinically integrated strategies, learning outcomes, and barriers. The article is a useful source of data for the audience of nursing students, professors, or researchers because it contributes valuable information on EBP strategies/barriers despite methodological limitations (small sample size, exclusion of non-English sources). The findings on the role of training for the development of skills for nursing students can be integrated into the research paper, as the article aligns with the reviewed sources in terms of EBP focus. Labrague, Leodoro, and Janet Alexis de los Santos. “Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Distress, Work Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Frontline Nurses.” Journal of Nursing Management , vol. 29, no. 3, 2020, pp. 395–403. Web. The article, published in the reputable Journal of Nursing Management in 2020, was written by the Doctors of Nursing Practice, Leodoro Labrague and Janet Alexis de los Santos, who studied the COVID-19 impact on nurses. The researchers employed a cross-sectional methodology and formulated the research question related to the pandemic’s role in order to determine the sources of phycological distress, job satisfaction, and turnover in nurses impacted by the pandemic. The samples obtained from the questionnaires were distributed among 300 qualifying participants and provide supportive evidence for the author’s argument on the influence of COVID-19-re
Multiculturalism is characterized by the dilemma whether different cultural groups prefer recognition or redistribution. According to Siapera, the issues of recognition and redistribution are the subject of a common debate when dealing with culturally diverse groups. The theorist considers recognition to be the act of a identifying the particular aspects of a certain cultural group. On the other hand, redistribution covers issues such as giving minority cultural groups their fair share of resources. The dilemma concerning recognition and redistribution is broad and has been addressed by several cultural theorists. Some of the people who have contributed to this debate include Nancy Fraser who argues that recognition and redistribution are two distinct issues. Another contributor of the issue is Axel Honneth who is of the view that recognition solves redistribution issues. Social democracy factors into this dilemma mainly because of its advocacy of differential treatment of minority cultural groups. The role of the press in this dilemma is highlighted because the press eventually determines how nations handle redistribution and recognition issues. However, it is noted that the media is somehow hypocritical because it often fails to recognize and represent the diverse cultural voices. Siapera’s account of the redistribution and recognition dilemma is easy to understand. In several occasions, the drive to achieve either redistribution or recognition has often resulted in conflicting points of view. In my daily activities, I often witness the varying dimensions of this dilemma. For example, while most minority groups want their uniqueness to be recognized, they often appear to be too sensitive when other cultures focus on this uniqueness. An example of this dilemma in a real life scenario is the recent controversy surrounding renowned television personality icon Paula Deen. When she was accused of being a racist, she used the argument that her efforts were meant to recognize the African-American culture.
Introduction As observed in the B-Plan of ‘The Miracle Centre’ abuse is a vice which has become common in almost all segments of life. All groups of people in the society, ranging from the young to the old; both men and women, have been abused in one way or the other. Abuse of any nature comes with serious implications to the victims, most of who are compelled to keep it as a secret rather than speak it out to the public, perhaps owing to possible threats from their assailants or as a result of stigmatization normally associated with the abuse. Those are some of the reasons that make it difficulty for us to deal with abuse in our communities. It is for those same reasons why ‘Youth, Adult and Elderly Miracle Centre’ was established in Ohio, to help reduce all forms of abuse affecting various population groups in the society. To be able to achieve our organizational goals and objectives, we have unveiled a number of strategies to be applied in the publicity of our P-Plan to all relevant audiences. Use of Effective MIS Systems Effective and appropriate Management Information Systems are necessary for any organization that needs to achieve its objectives and goals (Moroney and Martin, 2009). In this case, apart from having to publicize the Center, effective MIS systems will also be useful in researching and collecting of important feedback regarding abuse as an incessant vice in the society, so as to be able to establish stronger ways to counter its heightening implications to humans. Moreover, accumulation and disbursement of the necessary data aimed at supporting the mission and vision of the Centre would be made much easier through the use of reliable and effective communication methods. Some of the crucial information that may be required here would include experts’ opinions and feedback on surveys, both of which are tailored to gauge the progress of the Center. This performance and outcome measurement of information will be used to inform our plans and decisions for any possible improvements. It will be used in ensuring that the Centre’s contribution to the society actually meets the desired target. Other significant information which may be of great use to the Centre would include things such as budget preparation capabilities, financial and accounting information, marketing and communication ways, and information regarding human resource management. By trying to learn through the work of other related organizations via various MIS systems, the Centre’s steering panel would be better-placed in their management roles. All the relevant information would be acquired and conveyed to target audiences, through the chosen MIS system. More importantly, the proposed system will also be used to market the Centre’s mission and vision to potential st
This article is a discussion of the results obtained by Mangiuc in an empirical study that involved both local and foreign companies in Romania. In this study, Mangiuc used literature review and action research to find out whether the market was ready for Enterprise 2.0 technologies. In addition, he also tried to explore whether these technologies came earlier than expected. Furthermore, this study is part of Mangiuc’s ongoing research in the field of cloud computing. The main goal of this study was to identify new areas where modern knowledge-based information technologies can be applied in the field of a financial audit. Mangiuc used direct interviews and empirical study questionnaires to come up with the practitioners’ expectations. Furthermore, he validated this research’s conclusions using informal discussions with some of the practitioners. These practitioners were members of companies that had already shifted or were in the process of shifting to enterprise 2.0. However, some of the data in this study were based on secondary research. In this case, a literature review of earlier market research studies was conducted, credited and documented. Mangiuc also cited numerous researches related to and supporting this study. For instance, Citing MenKen (2008), Mangiuc claims that “Software as a Service”, “Platform as a Service” and “Infrastructure as a Service” are some of the most popular enterprise 2.0 technologies. However, the most popular business model technology is Software as a Service (SaaS). SaaS is a software distribution model that assumes that software applications are stored and maintained by the seller. In this case, consumers are granted user access exclusively through the Internet. Referring to the work of Cusumano (2004), Mangiuc states that software applications are traditionally regarded as products. In this regard, a customer has the right to install and set up the software. These software applications are also downloadable from the seller’s website. However, they cannot be used in multiple operating systems or hardware. SaaS has, thus, been developed to counter the drawbacks associated with these applications. Summarizing an article by Blokdijk (2008), Mangiuc reiterates that SaaS success is credited to its compatibility with most enterprise 2.0 technologies. In addition, SaaS is associated with the popularity of Web 2.0 technologies. SaaS is, therefore, a new dawn in cloud computing. In his discussion and conclusion, Mangiuc acknowledges that enterprise 2.0 technologies have culminated into new business models that effectively cater to information technology needs within an organization. The results of this study, therefore, provide an insight into the general attitude of potential customers towards shifting to cloud computing. The general conclusion drawn from the results of this study indicates that the majority of potential customers are ready to implement cloud-based technologi
Overview of the Issue The participation of the family in a resuscitation process is a contentious issue. Most health care organizations do not have policies that govern the involvement of family members in the process. Consequently, most nurses do not know how to handle relatives of a patient during the process. The guidelines help to streamline the process as health care providers understand their roles. It prevents the likelihood of code team making decisions based on personal experience or opinions. Some nurses perceive the presence of family members as interference. They claim that the members make them anxious, thus not being able to execute their responsibilities efficiently. The American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics for Nurses stipulates “the nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group or community” (Fell, 2009, p. 145). Thus, nurses have a moral duty to consider the interests of family members during a resuscitation process. Understanding the concept of family presence in resuscitation is critical to the nursing profession. It helps the nurses to abide by the established code of ethics. Nurses have an obligation to foster justice and observe fidelity in their profession. Giving family members the liberty to partake in the resuscitation process is one way of promoting loyalty and fairness in the nursing profession. Fell (2009) claims that the presence of family members during a resuscitation process helps build a good relationship between the public and nurses. A lack of understanding of the efforts that nurses make in an attempt to save life results in people having a negative opinion regarding the profession. Thus, allowing the family to participate in the resuscitation process may help to change the view that people have towards the nursing profession. Summary of the Articles Fell (2009) relates a personal experience in the significance of the presence of family in the resuscitation process. The author uses a myriad of theories and the American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics for Nurses to justify his argument. According to Fell (2009), the issue of family participation in resuscitation is significant to nursing as it is provided for in their code of ethics. The nurses have an obligation to take care of patients and anyone associated with them. The author holds that nurses promote autonomy, fidelity, justice, and nonmaleficence by allowing families to be present during the process. Fell (2009) outlines numerous reasons that lead to nurses and other medical staff opposing family participation. They include interference of the process by family members, misconception of the actions the health care providers take in the course of resuscitation, possible litigation, and trauma, among others. Nonetheless, there is no evidence to substantiate these claims. Fell (2009) contends that the challenges can be mitigated by having a family support person. According to the author, family members can offer reassurance and support to the patient. Moreover, they understand the condition of the patient, thus not blaming nurses for negligence in the case the patient dies. They may offer info
Functional Structure Functional organizations are subdivided into key functional departments whereby each department encompasses all the activities related to it. For example, an organization may be divided into three segments such as the finance, production, and marketing departments. Sales promotion and advertisements would fall in the marketing department. This structure is normally adopted by organizations with limited product scope. The CEO of the organization coordinates all the functions of the departments (Malamud & Rotenberg, 2010). Nudlez Corporation Nudlez is a fast-food service industry in Washington that majorly deals in Asian meals. The company operates in Seattle as its headquarters and has various facilities and personnel that enable it supply food across the CBD. It operates franchises and also has mobile cooking units that make it flexible to prepare fast-food individual meals. It has several food stores across Washington as well as street vending systems. The vending units are mobile and are built to accommodate its cooking processes (Khera Communications, 2010). The company has been departmentalized to into the product preparation and production, purchasing, marketing and sales departments with each department having distinct roles under one CEO, Bill Cook who manages the business processes as well as the human resource in the organization. Nudlez adopted the functional structure since it wanted to achieve efficient specialization in preparation of its meals as well as in its other business processes as such there was need to make employees be able to better understand their roles and responsibilities as well as the required job skills. The corporation wanted to avoid duplication of work in its business processes. Organizations with clearly defined roles for each sub department and departments are able to avoid such problems. The organization chose the structure as it needed to eliminate redundancy by grouping resources by function and therefore focus on quality, healthy as well as competitively priced meals. Grouping an organization’s resources enables the organization to achieve economies of scale. This has enabled the company achieve a strong brand with emphasis on achieving fund brand culture. The company also wanted to adopt a structure that would enable it standardize its policies, practices as well as procedures that could be applied in every part of the organization. The company wanted to implement a business structure that would reduce management risks. Functional structure enables Nudlez to develop the skills of its employees to make them more efficient in their departments and therefore achieve high gross margins from its meal products. Product Structure Product structure is where an organization operates a stand alone business under the larger organization. An organization that applies product structure segments the organization into several semiautonomous divisions as well as profit centers by considering the activities of the organization. In carryi