ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Minority groups have always been part of every society. In any given society, there are those people who are considered weak or lesser by virtue of one aspect or another most of which are natural. Women have for a long time considered as minority groups in many societies; always taking the second place after men and always being denies opportunities which they deserve just by the mere fact that they are women. However over the years, the situation has changes and most minority groups and especially women have come out strongly to defend their position in the society. They have formed unions under whose umbrella they fight for their rights ensuring that they are not discriminated against just by the mere fact that they are women. Women have also managed to fight for a level paying ground and an equal platform just their male counterparts so that positions of leadership and other influential positions are given by merit and not based on gender or any other consideration. This discussion looks at the range of actions that minority groups are taking to advance their interests within the union movement and what other actions they could take to further their cause. Special attention will be paid to the different strategies and methods that minority groups are currently using or might use to further their goals. Who is a Minority Group? A minority group is segregated group in a society which always small and hence the name minority which is hardly incorporated or recognizes as part of the society. More often, this people are ignored or sort of disregarded and they are not sufficiently involved in social matters especially those that regard development. It is the continued sidelining of minority groups over the years that has resulted to the minority groups coming up with various strategies so as to advance their interests and ensure that they also participate actively in various developmental issues and other issues that are of societal concern. Minority groups are based on a number of factors mainly gender, age, sexual affiliation or general perceptions held by an individual (Simpson & Yinger, 2005, p. 43). In the modern society, the most common minority groups include women based on their gender, children based on their age, lesbians and gays based on their sexual affiliation and other people who hold views that are not very popular with the rest of the society. As experience may have proven, it is not always easy to live under the umbrella of stereotype that most minority groups have to contend with. It is as if you do not belong in your very own society. It is a stereotype that has seen most of those belonging to minority groups attempt to break away if only to be treated in more “normal” way. However, with the strategies discus
Thesis statement The Enormous Radio has Enormous Mirror Images Introduction The Enormous Radio (1947) was written by John Cheever. Research indicates that the short story appeared first in the New Yorker. The short story gathered the attention of the public that made it to be among The Enormous Radio and Other Stories collections. Research shows that the prevailing theme identifies with one family that valued a radio in their life, the initial radio broke down prompting a purchase of another radio, which opened the family to the questionable outside world. Plot The plot of the short story reflects on Irene Westcott and Jim, believed to have lived in Sutton place, somewhere in New York. The couple had two children, and enjoyed music on their radio and attending live concerts. The old radio broke down and Jim had to purchase another radio. He brought home a new radio made up of a huge gumwood cabinet. Westcott did not like the new radio, starting from the color, size and the blinking lights. Westcott was sensitive with colors; the radio brought a pure mismatch with the furnishings in the living room. Conceptions of the Enormous Radio Westcott believed that the cabinet was ugly and very dark, symbolizing the darkness in the entire living room and ultimately reflect in their lives. Research indicates th
Introduction Leaders are the strategists of an organization; they have the role of making decisions that determine the level at which a company attains its corporate goals and objectives. In organizations, there are formal and informal groups; both have an effect on the performance of the business: formal groups are structured to follow a chain of command. Leaders have the role of managing a formal team, they are empowered by organizational policies and their roles and mandates are elaborately defined in the company’s management policies. However, when it comes to informal groups, they have an effect on the success and fulfillment of an organizations goals and objectives despite their operation without the approval of the company top management. In contemporary business environments, company, and teams leadership styles have changed; self-managed teams have started taking center-stage (Lewis, 2004). Self-managed teams are teams with an organization whose drive comes from focus to attain a certain goal, they don’t have formal leaders to pioneer activities, it is assumed that they collaborate and with the drive to attain set goals, they come up with the best strategy in that effect. To ague, that self-managed teams/groups have no leadership is not right, since there are self-proclaimed leaders without a title who emerge and lead the team (Margerison, 2002). This paper discusses supports the phrase”Self-managed teams are not leaderless teams”. Discussion People are willing to work in environments that they have the authority to make their own choices on the direction they are likely to take; when human resources are given their targets that might involve less of teamwork’s, they feel more motivated if they were to be left to work out their management team. However, even when doing this something is clear that a certain force, which may be the internal drive or the set targets, have an influence on the attainment of the goals and objectives within an organization. In informal groups, a character determines the direction of the group, whether directly or indirectly emerges with time. When doing this directly, other team members see him/her as the opinion driver, they are willing to consult and there are higher chances that they feel the decision of the leader (Quinn, Faerman, Michael & Lynda, 2011). In current team management, there is also a move to have goal-driven organizations instead of leader-lead groups, as much as the move have been recommended by a number of scholars, there is a challenge of accountability and lack of reliable chain of communication. When the groups are formed, informally or formally, there is always the emergence of charisma leaders who seem to be in control of the entire group, his decisions and perception is likely to be followed in the team. For example, when an organization is having a self-managed team to ensure that the sale department leads to the attainment of corporate goals, the sales target as set in the organization will guide the team. However, as the team discuss on various issues and the experience or the approach that each member took, there the charisma leader’
In marketing strategy, myriad of companies have adopted the use of product concept whereby additional value and features are added to existing products. In terms of characteristics, quality has been viewed as a competitive marketing strategy in Nissan-Renault alliance. Besides, quality products have made Renault and Nissan companies to be among three top most automotive groups leading in the market. Their brands have become popular worldwide due to competing quality and reliability. The commitment to quality service towards sustainable development is driven by responsibility of the two automobile companies to their stakeholders. This essay presents a case study of Nissan and Renault and how they use product concept to achieve synergies. The alliance between Nissan and Renault has been a unique partnership joined by cross -shareholding and unity to accomplish high performance levels. The two companies have over the years, combined their strengths geared towards developing potential synergies. The alliance attains this through constructive approach towards achieving better results. It is imperative to note that the growth of this alliance has been through respect to unique brands and corporate identities as well as preserving autonomy of each company. Research and development (R&D) Innovative activities as well as research and development (R&D) that the alliance conducts in terms of products to achieve synergies has been a common shared platform for both companies. It is instructive to note that both platforms deal with vehicle parts such as air conditioning, gearboxes and other invisible car parts. The alliance has used common parts and shared platforms as tools to reduce production and development cost and creates economies of scale. 1 Besides, in 2008, it managed to sell over 50% of Nissan and Renault through main common platforms such as C platform for Nissan Qashqai and Renault Megane/Scenic, and B platform for Renault Clio and Nissan Versa/Tilda. Besides common and shared platforms, another area of research has been on powertrains. It is imperative to note that the powertrain of Nissan is gasoline while that of Renault is diesel. As such, the Renault-Nissan alliance deemed it fit to establish common gearboxes and engines such as the V6 diesel engine and the six-speed manual gearbox that would facilitate sharing common powertrains and exchanging powertrains. The latter has led to creation of Renault products used by Nissan Qashai such as the Renault 1.5-litre diesel engine as well as Nissan product used by Renault Laguna called Nissan 3.5-litre gasoline engine. 2 Finally, to expand and advance their technologies, the alliance has embarked on corporate research on strategy and engineering based on dynamic performance, life-on-board, environmental CO 2 emission and safety. Concerning the latter, Renault an
Non-verbal communication is one of the most essential parts of human interactions. Sometimes non-verbal communication can shape verbal communication to a certain extent (Mehrabian, 2007). Therefore, it is necessary to learn more about this phenomenon. Thus, it can be useful to support some theoretical data through personal experience. I attended Neiman Marcus, one of the top retail department stores, to understand the impact of appearance on people. First, I visited the place in my daily image, and then I appeared there in an altered image. I expected that the idea of my choice would evoke relatively strong emotions (shock, surprise, interest). The results of such an experiment met my expectations. Interestingly, people’s reactions altered my behavior, as well. In the first place, it is necessary to note that I wear casual style clothes, which makes me similar to the majority of people. I do not stand out against the crowd, and this enables me to be myself. I remain unnoticed to a certain extent. However, when I visited Neiman Marcus in the image of an elegant woman of the 1960s, people were surprised and took notice of me. This can be explained by the fact that my appearance differed from the rest of the people’s styles in the department store. In fact, I was at the center of people’s attention for some time. At that time, I observed people’s reactions, and I also paid attention to my own behavior. People were shocked, and they looked at me, and I saw them discussing the ‘strange girl’ (I did look rather strange in an elegant gown, bright make-up, and some exquisite decoration in my hair). Admittedly, such a style could evoke such reactions as surprise, shock, interest, amusement, and, perhaps, disapproval. People’s responses could be ‘read’ with the help of some means of non-verbal communication, such as gestures and facial expressions (Campanella, 2007). It is necessary to note that the result of the experiment met my expectations. People’s gestures (they were pointing at me) and their facial expressions (raised eyebrows, eyes wide open, smiles, etc.) revealed people’s reactions. Of course, it can be essential to understand people’s motives to better understand the influence of appearance on people’s interactions (“Notes: Nonverbal Communication,” 2011, p. 2105). It is necessary to note that people’s reactions are conditioned by numerous stereotypes existing in every society (“Notes: Nonverbal Communication,” 2011, p. 2106). According to Calero (2005), stereotypes significantly affect the way people perceive this or that means of communication. For instance, now women tend to wear comfortable clothes, which is practical and friendly at the same time. This has become the norm. The majority of women wear casual style clothes. When it comes to other styles, there are various stereotypes. Thus, if a girl is wearing
3M’s historical summary 3M is based in the US and it employs more than 84,000 employees. Moreover, it engages in the production of more than 55,000 different products. It owns 29 international companies. It also operates in more than 60 countries. 3M was founded in Minnesota in 1902. The company was established as a mining venture. However, the venture failed and it was taken over by John Dwan in 1905. In this case, it engaged in the production sandpaper products (3M, 2012). When 3M became financially stable in 1916, it began disbursing dividends to its stakeholders. Today, the headquarters of the company are located in Maplewood. 3M Corp started its operations by mining in quarries. However, the company faced challenges while trying to improve the quality of its products. Moreover, it encountered problems while marketing its products to local and international markets. As a result, the managers of the company started supporting the employees in order to motivate them
Tartuffe and The Misanthrope are two comic plays with different themes but closely related structures. The authors of the two plays chose to present comedy indirectly through their way of tackling core vices in society. Comedy in the two plays is presented through different ways of character development through different plots and main themes in the plays. The plays take different social settings hence their characters are developed to bring out comedy depending on the setting. One thing that stands about the comedy in these plays is that they are not intended to invoke laughter alone. The writers have developed their plot in such a way that they either ridicule certain vices in society or advocate for certain attributes. Thus, they both carry a moral lesson to be passed over to the society. The social settings of the two plays are different from one another. Tartuffe revolves around a family structural setting which is centered on Orgon and his actions has the head of the family. He is presented as a dupe who is easily manipulated to trust Tartuffe beyond any doubt although other members of his family apart from his mother are aware of Tartuffe’s witty and cunning character. He wholly trusts Tartuffe and follows whatever he says. More so, he even embarks on forcefully making other family members to follow suit failure to which he threatens to break his daughter’s engagement and force her to marry Tartuffe, a man who is secretly making advances toward his wife. On the other hand, The Misanthrope revolves around a love conflict in which several suitors are up to win Celimene, a certain beautiful lady. Although some scenes take place outside Celimene’s house, most of the play touches on her efforts to choose a husband amongst the many suitors. Alcaste manages to beat them all and win the lady’s hand in marriage but renounces his love for the same
Introduction In the recent years, various organizations have adopted outsourcing and/or off shoring as part of their long-term strategic management practices in their supply chain management. Tambe and Hitt (2010) define outsourcing as the process of contracting work to a third party. On the other hand, off shoring entails seeking provision of services from a foreign country. With the drastic revolution in technology advancement in the 21 st Century, the IT industry has become one of the sectors in which outsourcing is prevalent (Michela & Carlotta 2011). Firms in the IT industry are increasingly turning to outsourcing of function and processes by establishing a network of contracts with renowned outsourcers. As a result, the outsourcers exclusively adopt the role of supplying the necessary services or products. Some of the reasons that have motivated firms to adopt outsourcing include an increase in the intensity of competition and the emergence of a dynamic business environment. Furthermore, the need to deliver a high level of customers’ satisfaction coupled with the need to attain a high level of profitability has also enhanced incorporation of outsourcing amongst organizations. Considering the fact that organizations have to operate under these organizations, the need for a high level of adaptability, flexibility, and capability has increased significantly (Wee, Peng & Wee 2010, p. 2081). The concept of outsourcing and off shoring has been in existence in firms’ supply chain-management practices for a number of decades now (Gupta, Seshasai, Mukherji, & Ganguly 2006). However, its relevance in the IT industry has increased significantly over the recent past probably at the start of the 21 st Century. Firms can accrue a number of benefits through incorporation of outsourcing and or off shoring. Some of the major benefits relate to cost reduction, improved operational flexibility, accessing new technology, and capacity to offer high quality products and services. However, a number of risks factors are associated with outsourcing and off-shoring (Herath & Kishore 2007). This aspect accentuates the importance of firms conducting cost-benefit analysis prior to incorporating outsourcing and or off shoring in their supply chain management practices. The cost-benefit analysis will aid in determining whether the benefits are more than the costs and hence its feasibility. This paper intends to analyze whether the advantages of outsourcing outweigh the disadvantages. Analysis Advantages of off shoring and or outsourcing Creating and protecting firms’ competitive advantage According to Tho (2012), outsourcing enables organizations to transfer non-core activities to the provider of the services. The supplier of the services in turn assumes the responsibility of delivering the non-core service, which provides an opportunity for the firm to focus on developing its core competencies. Through outsourcing, firms are in a position to nurture areas that are vital for their success
Biographical Background Rosa Mayreder was born in 1858 in Vienna, the capital of Austria, which, back then, was still a great power and one of the centers of Europe’s culture, science, and philosophy. Her father, a rich restaurateur, had no interest in educating his daughters, but, luckily for her, Rosa was only one of twelve siblings and managed to attend her brothers’ studies. Her acute interest in intellectual pursuits earned her some criticism from her family, who thought it was not a feminine quality (Leng 145). However, it did not dissuade her from developing her intellect and her taste for art. As Mayreder came of age, she became acquainted with many contemporary writers, artists, philosophers, and other intellectuals, both in person and through their works. The most notable of those were philosophers such as Ulrichs and Krafft-Ebings, who studied the issues of sexual identity and even approached what would later be codified as the gender-sex difference (Leng 146). Thus, as a young adult, Mayreder already had a good, if sometimes piecemeal education, a solid understanding of the contemporary philosophy of sex and gender, and deep dissatisfaction with women’s social status. With these factors in mind, it should not come as a big surprise that Mayreder became a feminist – and one of the first ones in Austria at that. The key point of her feminist views was that society reduced women to performing very few roles – most notably, those of mothers and wives (Leng 148). She argued that, in order to develop their potential, women had to break free from such limitations and, by assuming the roles traditionally reserved for men, escape the “teleological fate of their sex” (Leng 149). In order to promote her feminist views, she wrote a number of influential papers over the years, engaging deeply with contemporary philosophy as well as the German literary tradition (Looft 73). Her intellectual contribution did not remain unnoticed, and, in 1907, she became the only woman among the founding members of the Sociological Association on Vienna. In recognition of her work and influence, in 1928, the Vienna city council made her an honorary citizen. Mayreder passed away in early 1938, mere months before the German Anschluss of her home country. While most famous for her literary and philosophical works, Mayreder was also a distinguished painter in her own right. As befitted a girl from a well-to-do 19 th -century family, she received formal instruction in painting and carried the interest in visual arts through her entire life. This is clear from the fact that, in 1893, she founded a special art school for women and girls and continued to support it throughout the years (Hochreiter 103). In a way, it was an extension of her philosophical views, as evident from the fact that other founders were also prominent feminists, such as Marianne Hainisch and Olga Prager (Hochreiter 103). As a painter herself, Mayreder became the first woman to be accepted into the Aquarellist club, which speaks of recognition among her contemporaries. While it was not nece