ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An experimental scheme is proposed to test Bell's inequality by using superconducting nanocircuits. In this scheme, quantum entanglement of a pair of charge qubits separated in a sufficient long distance may be created by cavity quantum electrodynamic techniques; the population of qubits is experimentally measurable by dc currents through the probe junctions, and one measured outcome may be recorded for every experiment. Therefore, both locality and detection efficiency loopholes should be closed in the same experiment. We also propose a useful method to measure the amount of entanglement based on the concurrence between Josephson qubits. The measurable variables for Bell's inequality as well as the entanglement are expressed in terms of a useful phase-space Q function.
Schr\"odinger equation for two center Coulomb plus harmonic oscillator potential is solved by the method of ethalon equation at large intercenter separations. Asymptotical expansions for energy term and wave function are obtained in the analytical form.
A static microscopic study of potential-energy surfaces within the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-plus-BCS model is carried out for the 256Fm and 258Fm isotopes with the goal of deducing some properties of spontaneous fission. The calculated fission modes are found to be in agreement with the experimentaly observed asymmetric-to-symmetric transition in the fragment-mass distributions and with the high- and low-total-kinetic-energy modes experimentally observed in 258Fm. Most of the results are similar to those obtained in macroscopic-microscopic models as well as in recent Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations with the Gogny interaction, with a few differences in their interpretations. In particular an alternative explanation is proposed for the low-energy fission mode of 258Fm.
We provide a construction of local and automorphic non-tempered Arthur packets of the group SO(3,2) and its inner form SO(4,1) associated with a certain Arthur's parameter and prove a multiplicity formula.   We further study the restriction of the representations in these packets to the subgroup SO(3,1). In particular, we discover that the local Gross-Prasad conjecture, formulated for generic L-packets, does not generalize naively to a non-generic A-packet. We also study the non-vanishing of the automorphic SO(3,1)-period on the group SO(4,1) x SO(3,1) and SO(3,2) x SO(3,1) for the representations above.   The main tool is the local and global theta correspondence for unitary quaternionic similitude dual pairs.
The supermassive black hole candidate at the center of M87 drives an ultra-relativistic jet visible on kiloparsec scales, and its large mass and relative proximity allow for event horizon scale imaging with very long baseline interferometry at millimeter wavelengths (mm-VLBI). Recently, relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of black hole accretion flows have proven capable of launching magnetically-dominated jets. We construct time-dependent disc/jet models of the innermost portion of the M87 nucleus by performing relativistic radiative transfer calculations from one such simulation. We identify two types of models, jet-dominated or disc/jet, that can explain the spectral properties of M87, and use them to make predictions for current and future mm-VLBI observations. The Gaussian source size for the favored sky orientation and inclination from observations of the large-scale jet is 33-44 microarcseconds (~4-6 Schwarzschild radii) on current mm-VLBI telescopes, very similar to existing observations of Sgr A*. The black hole shadow, direct evidence of an event horizon, should be visible in future measurements using baselines between Hawaii and Mexico. Both models exhibit variability at millimeter wavelengths with factor of ~2 amplitudes on year timescales. For the low inclination of M87, the counter-jet dominates the event horizon scale millimeter wavelength emission from the jet-forming region.
We investigate characteristic features of realistic parameter choice for primordial inflation with supersymmetric Higgs inflaton as an example of particle physics inflation model. We discuss constraints from observational results and analyze the degree of fine tuning needed to induce slow-roll inflation for wide range of soft supersymmetry breaking scale. The observed amplitude of density fluctuations implies that the minimal fine tuning for the combined electroweak scale and inflaton flatness predicts the spectral index of 0.950--0.965, which includes the central value from observational data.
All properties of the quasars known by the author (quietness of the BAL quasars, Lyman forest, iron in the high-z quasars...) are explained supposing that the kernel of the quasar is surrounded by a halo containing an accretion disk and magnetic satellites (no dark matter or fast jet, no variation of the fine structure constant, no strange source of iron...). The key is taking into account the coherent light-matter interactions.
We study the relaxation dynamics of a nonequilibrium Luttinger liquid after a sudden interaction switch-on ("quench"), focussing on a double-step initial momentum distribution function. In the framework of the non-equilibrium bosonization, the results are obtained in terms of singular Fredholm determinants that are evaluated numerically and whose asymptotics are found analytically. While the quasi-particle weights decay exponentially with time after the quench, this is not a relaxation into a thermal state, in view of the integrability of the model. The steady-state distribution emerging at infinite times retains two edges which support Luttinger-liquid-like power-law singularities smeared by dephasing. The obtained critical exponents and the dephasing length are found to depend on the initial nonequilibrium state.
Epitaxially grown SrTiO$_{3}$ (STO) thin films are material enablers for a number of critical energy-conversion and information-storage technologies like electrochemical electrode coatings, solid oxide fuel cells and random access memories. Oxygen vacancies (${\rm V_{O}}$), on the other hand, are key defects to understand and tailor many of the unique functionalities realized in oxide perovskite thin films. Here, we present a comprehensive and technically sound ab initio description of ${\rm V_{O}}$ in epitaxially strained (001) STO thin films. The novelty of our first-principles study lies in the incorporation of lattice thermal excitations on the formation energy and diffusion properties of ${\rm V_{O}}$ over wide epitaxial strain conditions ($-4 \le \eta \le +4$%). We found that thermal lattice excitations are necessary to obtain a satisfactory agreement between first-principles calculations and the available experimental data on the formation energy of ${\rm V_{O}}$ for STO thin films. Furthermore, it is shown that thermal lattice excitations noticeably affect the energy barriers for oxygen ion diffusion, which strongly depend on $\eta$ and are significantly reduced (increased) under tensile (compressive) strain, also in consistent agreement with the experimental observations. The present work demonstrates that for a realistic theoretical description of oxygen vacancies in oxide perovskite thin films is necessary to consider lattice thermal excitations, thus going beyond standard zero-temperature ab initio approaches.
Ryser's Conjecture states that any $r$-partite $r$-uniform hypergraph has a vertex cover of size at most $r - 1$ times the size of the largest matching. For $r = 2$, the conjecture is simply K\"onig's Theorem and every bipartite graph is a witness for its tightness. The conjecture has also been proven for $r = 3$ by Aharoni using topological methods, but the proof does not give information on the extremal $3$-uniform hypergraphs. Our goal in this paper is to characterize those hypergraphs which are tight for Aharoni's Theorem.   Our proof of this characterization is also based on topological machinery, particularly utilizing results on the (topological) connectedness of the independence complex of the line graph of the link graphs of $3$-uniform Ryser-extremal hypergraphs, developed in a separate paper. The current paper contains the second, structural hypergraph-theoretic part of the argument, where we use the information on the line graph of the link graphs to nail down the elements of a structure we call \emph{home-base hypergraph}. While there is a single minimal home-base hypergraph with matching number $k$ for every positive integer $k \in \mathbb{N}$, home-base hypergraphs with matching number $k$ are far from being unique. There are infinitely many of them and each of them is composed of $k$ copies of two different kinds of basic structures, whose hyperedges can intersect in various restricted, but intricate ways.   Our characterization also proves an old and wide open strengthening of Ryser's Conjecture, due to Lov\'asz, for the $3$-uniform extremal case, that is, for hypergraphs with $\tau = 2 \nu$.
Given a suitable extension $F'/F$ of algebraic function fields over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, we introduce the conorm code $\text{Con}_{F'/F}(\mathcal{C})$ defined over $F'$ which is constructed from an algebraic geometry code $\mathcal{C}$ defined over $F$. We study the parameters of $\text{Con}_{F'/F}(\mathcal{C})$ in terms of the parameters of $\mathcal{C}$, the ramification behavior of the places used to define $\mathcal{C}$ and the genus of $F$. In the case of unramified extensions of function fields we prove that $\text{Con}_{F'/F}(\mathcal{C})^\perp = \text{Con}_{F'/F}({\mathcal{C}}^\perp)$ when the degree of the extension is coprime to the characteristic of $\mathbb{F}_q$. We also study the conorm of cyclic algebraic-geometry codes and we show that some repetition codes, Hermitian codes and all Reed-Solomon codes can be represented as conorm codes.
We investigate the behavior of a two-state sandpile model subjected to a confining potential in one and two dimensions. From the microdynamical description of this simple model with its intrinsic exclusion mechanism, it is possible to derive a continuum nonlinear diffusion equation that displays singularities in both the diffusion and drift terms. The stationary-state solutions of this equation, which maximizes the Fermi-Dirac entropy, are in perfect agreement with the spatial profiles of time-averaged occupancy obtained from model numerical simulations in one as well as in two dimensions. Surprisingly, our results also show that, regardless of dimensionality, the presence of a confining potential can lead to the emergence of typical attributes of critical behavior in the two-state sandpile model, namely, a power-law tail in the distribution of avalanche sizes.
A magnetic system with a phase transition at temperature $T_c$ may exhibit double resonance peaks under a periodic external magnetic field because the time scale matches the external frequency at two different temperatures, one above $T_c$ and the other below $T_c$. We study the double resonance phenomena for the mean-field $q$-state clock model based on the heat-bath-typed master equation. We find double peaks as observed in the kinetic Ising case ($q=2$) for all $q\ge 4$, but for the three-state clock model ($q=3$), the existence of double peaks is possible only above a certain external frequency since it undergoes a discontinuous phase transition.
We report low frequency charge noise measurement on silicon substrates with different phosphorus doping densities. The measurements are performed with aluminum single electron transistors (SETs) at millikelvin temperatures where the substrates are in the insulating regime. By measuring the SET Coulomb oscillations, we find a gate voltage dependent charge noise on the more heavily doped substrate. This charge noise, which is seen to have a 1/f spectrum, is attributed to the electric field induced tunneling of electrons from their phosphorus donor potentials.
Micromagnetic simulations are used to investigate the effects of different absorbing boundary layers (ABLs) on spin waves (SWs) reflected from the edges of a magnetic nano-structure. We define the conditions that a suitable ABL must fulfill and compare the performance of abrupt, linear, polynomial and tan hyperbolic damping profiles in the ABL. We first consider normal incidence in a permalloy stripe and propose a transmission line model to quantify reflections and calculate the loss introduced into the stripe due to the ABL. We find that a parabolic damping profile absorbs the SW energy efficiently and has a low reflection coefficient, thus performing much better than the commonly used abrupt damping profile. We then investigated SWs that are obliquely incident at 26.6, 45 and 63.4 degrees on the edge of a yttrium-iron-garnet film. The parabolic damping profile again performs efficiently by showing a high SW energy transfer to the ABL and a low reflected SW amplitude.
The H to tau tau decays form the prime channel for the measurement of the Higgs boson state and tests of the CP invariance of Higgs boson couplings. A previous study has shown the viability of deep learning techniques for the measurement. In this paper, the study is expanded. Effects due to the partial modelling of experimental effects are discussed. Furthermore, systematics due to ? decay modelling for complex cascade decays to tau^pm to a_1^pm nu_tau to rho^0 pi^pm nu_tau to 3pi^\pm nu_tau are also addressed. Various parameterisations are considered using low-energy collision data.
We reprove in modern terms and extend to arbitrary dimension a classical result of Enrico Bompiani on algebraic surfaces $X \subset \PP^r$ having very degenerate osculating spaces.
In this study, the effects of repulsive nucleon-nucleon interactions arising from the Pauli exclusion principle were examined regarding the half-lives of heavy even-even nuclei with $84\leq Z\leq92$. The Pauli exclusion principle is applied to our investigations by renormalizing the nucleon-nucleon interactions according to the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition. It is also applied to the double-folding ($DF$) formalism as a modification term by investigating the kinetic energy variation at the overlapping regions between the densities of the alpha and daughter nuclei. The standard deviation for the calculated half-lives from their corresponded experimental data is 0.340 for the renormalized DF formalism. Its value reduces to 0.309 for the DF formalism modified with the kinetic energy contribution estimated by the extended Thomas-Fermi approach. The calculated $\alpha$ decay half-lives are more consistent with experimental data if the kinetic energy contribution is associated with the DF formalism.
We report on the study of an intriguing active galaxy that was selected as a potential multiple supermassive black hole merger in the early-type host SDSS J151709.20+335324.7 (z=0.135). Ground-based SDSS imaging reveals two blue structures on either side of the photometric center of the host galaxy, separated from each other by about 5.7 kpc. The analysis of spatially resolved emission line profiles from a Keck/HIRES spectrum reveal three distinct kinematic subcomponents, one at rest and the other two moving at -350 km/s and 500 km/s with respect to the systemic velocity of the host galaxy. A comparison of imaging and spectral data confirm a strong association between the kinematic components and the spatial knots, which implies a highly disturbed and complex active region in this object. Subsequent VLA radio imaging reveals a clear jet aligned with the emission line gas, confirming that a jet-gas interaction is the best explanation for emission line region. We use the broadband radio measurements to examine the impact of the jet on the ISM of the host galaxy, and find that the energy in the radio lobes can heat a significant fraction of the gas to the virial temperature. Finally, we discuss tests that may help future surveys distinguish between jet-driven kinematics and true black-hole binaries. SDSS J151709.20+335324.7 is a remarkable laboratory for AGN feedback and warrants deeper follow-up study. In the Appendix, we present high-resolution radio imaging of a second AGN with double-peaked [O III] lines, SDSS J112939.78+605742.6, which shows a sub-arcsecond radio jet. If the double-peaked nature of the narrow lines in radio-loud AGN are generally due to radio jet interactions, we suggest that extended radio structure should be expected in most of such systems.
We report on magnetoconductance measurements of metallic networks of various sizes ranging from 10 to $10^{6}$ plaquettes, with anisotropic aspect ratio. Both Altshuler-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) $h/2e$ periodic oscillations and Aharonov-Bohm (AB) $h/e$ periodic oscillations are observed for all networks. For large samples, the amplitude of both oscillations results from the incoherent superposition of contributions of phase coherent regions. When the transverse size becomes smaller than the phase coherent length $L_\phi$, one enters a new regime which is phase coherent (mesoscopic) along one direction and macroscopic along the other, leading to a new size dependence of the quantum oscillations.
We present the discovery of a small kinematically decoupled core of 0.2$^{\prime\prime}$ (60 pc) in radius as well as an outflow jet in the archetypical AGN-starburst "composite" galaxy NGC 7130 from integral field data obtained with the adaptive optics-assisted MUSE-NFM instrument on the VLT. Correcting the already good natural seeing at the time of our science verification observations with the four-laser GALACSI AO system, we reach an unprecedented spatial resolution at optical wavelengths of around 0.15$^{\prime\prime}$. We confirm the existence of star-forming knots arranged in a ring of 0.58$^{\prime\prime}$ (185 pc) in radius around the nucleus, previously observed from UV and optical Hubble Space Telescope and CO(6-5) ALMA imaging. We determine the position of the nucleus as the location of a peak in gas velocity dispersion. A plume of material extends towards the NE from the nucleus until at least the edge of our field of view at 2$^{\prime\prime}$ (640 pc) radius which we interpret as an outflow jet originating in the AGN. The plume is not visible morphologically, but is clearly characterised in our data by emission-line ratios characteristic of AGN emission, enhanced gas velocity dispersion, and distinct non-circular gas velocities. Its orientation is roughly perpendicular to the line of nodes of the rotating host galaxy disc. A circumnuclear area of positive and negative velocities of 0.2$^{\prime\prime}$ in radius indicates a tiny inner disc, which can only be seen after combining the integral field spectroscopic capabilities of MUSE with adaptive optics.
We recently reported extremely rapid changes in chromospheric fine structure observed using the IBIS instrument in the red wing of H alpha. Here, we examine data obtained during the same observing run (August 7 2010), of a mature active region NOAA 11094. We analyze more IBIS data including wavelength scans and data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, all from within a 30 minute interval. Using a slab radiative transfer model, we investigate the physical nature of fibrils in terms of tube-like vs. sheet-like structures. Principal Component Analysis shows that the very rapid H alpha variations in the line wings depend mostly on changes of line width and line shift, but for Ca II 854.2 the variations are dominated by changes in column densities. The tube model must be rejected for a small but significant class of fibrils undergoing very rapid changes. If our wing data arise from the same structures leading to "type II spicules", our analysis calls into question much recent work. Instead the data do not reject the hypothesis that some fibrils are optical superpositions of plasma collected into sheets. We review how Parker's theory of tangential discontinuities naturally leads to plasma collecting into sheets, and show that the sheet picture is falsifiable. Chromospheric fine structures seem to be populated by both tubes and sheets. We assess the merits of spectral imaging versus slit spectroscopy for future studies.
We show that there are at most $O_{n,\epsilon}(H^{n-2+\sqrt{2}+\epsilon})$ monic integer polynomials of degree $n$ having height at most $H$ and Galois group different from the full symmetric group $S_n$, improving on the previous 1973 world record $O_{n}(H^{n-1/2}\log H)$.
We combine Halo/Cluster Effective Field Theory (H/CEFT) and the Gamow Shell Model (GSM) to describe the $0^+$ ground state of $\rm{^6He}$ as a three-body halo system. We use two-body interactions for the neutron-alpha particle and two-neutron pairs obtained from H/CEFT at leading order, with parameters determined from scattering in the p$_{3/2}$ and s$_0$ channels, respectively. The three-body dynamics of the system is solved using the GSM formalism, where the continuum states are incorporated in the shell model valence space. We find that in the absence of three-body forces the system collapses, since the binding energy of the ground state diverges as cutoffs are increased. We show that addition at leading order of a three-body force with a single parameter is sufficient for proper renormalization and to fix the binding energy to its experimental value.
The intersection matrix of a finite simplicial complex has as each of its entries the rank of the intersection of its respective simplices. We prove that such matrix defines the triangulation of a closed connected surface up to isomorphism.
We show that global properties of gauge groups can be understood as geometric properties in M-theory. Different wrappings of a system of N M5-branes on a torus reduce to four-dimensional theories with $A_{N-1}$ gauge algebra and different unitary groups. The classical properties of the wrappings determine the global properties of the gauge theories without the need to impose any quantum conditions. We count the inequivalent wrappings as they fall into orbits of the modular group of the torus, which correspond to the S-duality orbits of the gauge theories.
Within the collinear twist-3 framework, we study the single-spin asymmetry (SSA) in collisions between unpolarized protons and transversely polarized protons with focus on the fragmentation term. The fragmentation mechanism must be analyzed in detail in order to unambiguously determine the impact of various contributions to SSAs in hadron production. Such a distinction may also settle the "sign mismatch" between the transverse SSA in proton-proton collisions and the Sivers effect in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. We calculate terms involving quark-quark and quark-gluon-quark correlators, which is an important step in such an investigation.
Using the recently developed time-dependent Landauer-B\"uttiker formalism and Jefimenko's retarded solutions to the Maxwell equations, we show how to compute the time-dependent electromagnetic field produced by the charge and current densities in nanojunctions out of equilibrium. We then apply this formalism to a benzene ring junction, and show that geometry-dependent quantum interference effects can be used to control the magnetic field in the vicinity of the molecule. Then, treating the molecular junction as a quantum emitter, we demonstrate clear signatures of the local molecular geometry in the non-local radiated power.
We classify 3-dimensional semi-stable representations of the Galois group of Q_p with coefficients and regular Hodge--Tate weights, by determining the isomorphism classes of admissible filtered (phi,N)-modules of Hodge type (0,r,s) with 0 < r < s.
This talk is a natural continuation of that given by V.Vereshagin at this conference. We discuss some details not covered in that talk and review the calculational technique using the (\pi N)-elastic scattering as an example. Finally, we briefly mention some results of numerical comparison with experimental data. More technical details can be found in the talk by K.Semenov-Tian-Shansky (this conference)devoted to the analysis of elastic KN scattering.
We study real Campedelli surfaces up to real deformations and exhibit a number of such surfaces which are equivariantly diffeomorphic but not real deformation equivalent.