ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Atman Hindus have a strong belief system in the existence of Atman who is invisible, external, immortal. The latter cannot be grasped at all. In simple terms, the term Atman means breath of life. This concept can also be referred to as the state of being “self” since it refers to the remains of an individual after all the external components have been taken away. This means that Atman is a key aspect in the life or soul of a man which controls breath, intellect and overall well being. Moreover, Atman gets into the body of an individual during the creation process. It is believed that it exists in living beings including animals and plants (Molloy 321). Dharma Dharma refers to the righteousness path or the “law of human beings” that helps in the process of binding people together in the world. This concept is essential among Hindus. Individuals are able to achieve good outcomes just by being able to fulfill the requirements of Dharma. This concept is related to a course of conduct or duty that an individual has to undertake. There are several life stages, spiritual and moral developments that an individual has to go through. The concept mainly involves the ability of an individual to do the right thing both in the family and beyond the universe (Molloy 322). Karma The literal meaning of Karma is deed or action. A broader definition of Karma is “action and reaction” or the law that relates causes and effects. These include the physical actions and the actions conducted through the mind of an individual (Molloy 322). Prominent deities in Hinduism The three most prominent deities in Hinduism are Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. These gods represent the universe creator, universe preserver and the god of reproduction and destruction respectively. Additionally, these deities are married to Saraswati, Laxmi and Parvati respectively. Important concepts in Jainism Jiva and Ajiva Jiva (soul) and Ajiva (non-soul) are the foundation of the seven concepts of Jainism. Furthermore, these concepts are regarded as the basis of five magnitudes and six substances in the tradition of Jainism (Molloy 411). Bandha This refers to the actual soul by Karmic matter. The physical condition that facilitates this process is known as Bhava-Bandha. The actual interaction of the karmic matter with other particles is commonly known as Dravya-Bandha. This bondage appears in four different ways depending on the nature of karmic matter, the period of attachment and the quantity of karmic atoms (Molloy 412). Nirjara This concept refers to the fall of karmic matter away from the soul. During this process, the fetters disappear gradually until the soul is left free. Four Noble truths in Classical Buddhism The first truth in classical Buddhism relates to the avoidance of suffering. This involves rightful living with regard to beliefs, actions, meditation, speech and feelings. The second truth is based on avoidance of suffering through elimination of desires. This provides a peaceful and calm existence. The third truth is that life involves a lot of suffering. The final truth asserts that individuals usually suffer because of failing to get what they want (Mo
Introduction Justina Bright is a successful entrepreneur who runs a medium-sized business in Sydney, Australia. She is my former schoolmate. Bright has achieved tremendous success in founding and developing a company called Empire Mobile solutions. It is among the largest retailers of mobile phones in Australia. For purposes of understanding her business story, I recently interviewed her to understand her business journey and success. Throughout our discussion, she emphasised the importance of learning basic business principles (mostly from textbooks) and applying the same to her business. Most of her arguments also highlighted the need to understand the logical part of business operations, but, strikingly, the apparent need for a blend of factors that constitute successful businesspersons also caught my attention. About the Entrepreneur Bright previously worked for a mobile phone company that sold telephones (before the wireless mobile telephone market started). She worked as a sales agent. Having familiarised herself with the business-to-business background, she accumulated a lot of knowledge about the Australian telephone market. Ironically, she did not understand the same skills regarding the mobile phone market. However, this inadequacy did not stop her from starting her enterprise selling mobile phones. At the start of doing so, she planned to open only one store and be contented with it. However, her expectations were surpassed and, eventually, she opened multiple stores throughout Australia. Today, her company makes $150 million per year and has hundreds of outlets around the country. Bright’s Success Factors Throughout my interview with Bright, I realised that her story had more to with being at the right place and at the right time, as opposed to applying the right business principles. Indeed, her background was in the mobile phone industry and her conviction to start her business started as a quest for her business freedom. This is why she admitted that financial freedom and independence were her greatest motivations for doing so. Two significant attributes about her business made me believe that she was an innovator in her own right. The first attribute is her quest to sell a service, as opposed to a product. Secondly, she realised, early, that the future of business, in her industry, was in business-to-customer relationships as opposed to business-to-business relationships (as was the case in the past) (Drucker 2002). Bright’s mobile phone company was among the first businesses to open retail outlets in an Australian shopping mall (this trend has since been duplicated by other mobile phone companies who operate using the same business model). In this regard, I believe Bright’s business success stemmed from the two innovations highlighted in this paper. However, product and service diff
Background The decision of the Soviet Union to reduce aid to Vietnam posed serious economic, social and political challenges to this country. The union had stood by this country and supported it since the end of the Second World War. However, a decision was made to stop all forms of aid that supported Vietnam, and it became inevitable that this country would fail. However, there have been tremendous improvements in the lives of Vietnamese due to the high economic growth rate witnessed in recent years. This discussion examines the impacts of Vietnam’s economic growth rate on poverty and inequality. The Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) proposed an economic stimulus plan that involved gradual changes in the economy and political stability that gave preference to liberalization. Major policies were initiated in 1986, and this moved Vietnam’s economy from a centralized system to a free market. The policy had profound impacts on the economy and inequality in the following ways. VCP was influential in shaping the future of Vietnam and ensuring that its citizens lived a better life. Main Text First, the virtual de-collectivization of agriculture opened room for all people interested in farming to invest in this sector and develop the economy. Significant land reform policies were established to privatize ownership and ensure locals had a stake in building their nation (Turley and Selden Par. 2). The problem of food shortage was solved within months because people invested heavily in the agricultural sector. Moreover, job opportunities were created because more land was available for cultivation. The standards of living improved and this was reflected in the increase of the national gross domestic product and per capita income. The gap between the rich and poor was significantly reduced because people that were employed to work for the rich started earning income from their farms. Secondly, the government allowed private employers to recruit a maximum of 10 workers. The economy expanded and absorbed most people in informal employment. Poverty levels decreased because of a lower dependence rate. A significant part of the population was active in employment, and this means that the numerous income-generating activities improved the economy of this country (Son 9). The income share held by the highest 20% of individuals increased while that of their counterparts decreased. The problem of social and economic inequality was controlled by the reduction of restrictions on private companies and increased autonomy for enterprise managers. However, the elimination of direct subsidies and price controls was a significant boost in the agricultural sector. The use of modern technology in agriculture reduced the demand for human labor. Therefore, there were limited job opportunities in the agricultural sector (Turley and Selden Par. 4). Industries offered more opportunities than firms because the former required human labor to sustain the production and distribution processes. Moreover, modern technology replaced the need for human labor in firms. Conclusi
Introduction Arguably, one of the most fluid, versatile, and quickly developing aspects of the contemporary economic system is the labor market. The majority of scholars, who focus on studying the concepts and phenomena related to the labor market, largely recognize that the several trends could be evidently observed in the structure of the modern workforce. One of such trends is the use of a contingent workforce by corporations and various other employers as well. In general, the concept of contingent workforce refers to the specific approach of the work arrangement when an organization employs temporary workers on demand. On the one hand, there are numerous advantages of such approach; however, it is also possible to observe that different problems are related to this area of concern. Therefore, this paper is intended to analyze the topic under discussion with the purpose of understanding its structure as well as its positive and negative impact on contingent workers, their employers, and the labor market and economy as a whole. Then, it would be appropriate to use the studied concepts in the context of the student’s experience. Additionally, the paper aims to address future implications and organizational recommendation related to the implementation of the contingent workforce. Analysis of the Contingent Workforce Phenomenon As it was already mentioned, the use of the contingent workforce is an ongoing trend in the current labor market. In overall, the phenomenon of contingent workforce emerged as the organizational tool to fulfill the seasonal demand in workers. However, this approach evolved during the decades, and currently, the contingent workforce is largely recognized as a highly powerful and efficient method of creating a more flexible work scheduling, reducing risks and costs, and gaining the competitive advantage. It is mentioned by Dokko, Mumford, and Schanzenbach (2015) that the “proliferation of nontraditional and contingent employment relationships, fostered in part by new technology platforms, creates new opportunities, but also new regulatory, legal, and public policy challenges” (p. 1). Thus, it is apparent that the concept under consideration is largely recognized by the contemporary scholars as a promising, yet highly challenging approach to the labor force management. Moreover, it is possible to mention that the vast employment of contingent workers indicate the emergence of what is called the gig economy. For example, Tran and Sokas (2017) argue that the “gig economy describes forms of contingent work arrangements that require digital platforms, representing an evolution in contingent work, both in moving up the educational scale and in increased visibility” (p. e63). Additionally, Dokko t al. (2015) also recognize the emergence of the identified phenomenon, stating that “the “online gig” or “on-demand” economy, where work is taking place in a series of one-off gigs, rather than in an ongoing relationship with a single employer” is currently being employed (p. 1). The emergence of this concept reflects
Introduction The field of international relations is and has always been challenging to many people. It does not have a generally accepted definition. There may be a consensus on whether such theoretical approach as Feminism is a proper framework when it comes to research on international relations (Burchill, 2001). It is an open topic and one can argue out his or her point concerning the proper definition of international relations. Generally, it may be viewed that feminism attacks men for oppressing women and see to it that the women gain in politics at the expense of the men. It is evident that no feminist has attempted to carry out research on the rights of both sexes to determine whether there is actual equality and equity. The fight for women’s rights and autonomy, therefore, appears to only be a means of having dominion over men. Feminist challenge to mainstream international relations theory International relations (IR) theory is the study that offers a comprehensive understanding of the challenges that feminist. It main purpose is to give their studies a conceptual framework that upon which the study can be analyzed.(Burchill, 2001). International relations theories can be classified into post-positivist theories that deal with security issues that range from gender to class (Dunne , 2010). They can also be classified as positivist and mainly concentrate on issues within the level of the state. Feminism constitutes a number of movements that aim at defending equal opportunities for the women in the various fields of politics, social rights and other aspects in the society. Approaches of feminism to international relations became rampant in the late twentieth century and these approaches demanded that the experiences that women had were to be ignored from studies to do with international relations theory. Feminists who study international relations argued that gender issues apply in international relations. This was based on influence of the spouses of diplomats in the promotion of sex trafficking. Feminist international relations approaches in the past used to be part of the major debate that ensued between the post-positivists and their counterparts, the positivists (Burchill, 2001). Four major varieties of feminism exist. They include: Marxist, liberal, radical and socialist (Burchill, 2001). Other categories may include black feminism and functionalist feminism. Liberal feminism occurs when prejudgment revolves around ignorance of individuals. Education is said to be the key to the fight against discrimination brought about by ignorance. Marxist
Introduction The goal of this project is to design a platform for simulating traffic networks of the vehicular system, including both mobility and network modeling using the C++ programming language. This project uses a network function in NS-3 to allow dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technology used for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The simulation project gives an execution to estimate urban vehicle development utilizing a minuscule reproduction approach. The improvement of a minuscule movement test system speaks to a twofold test: firstly, the simulation project describes traffic and system demonstrations. Consequently, the visualization experiment compares installation models in a product stage interfacing with the client in a well-disposed and effective way. The venture depicts the best in class in traffic frameworks. Consequently, the traffic project provides information into activity models and liveliness calculations for showing simulation activities. The conclusion is that this framework effectively gives a representation of a client characterized activity stream and how road architecture influences activity frameworks. Broad documentation will permit clients to stretch out or change the recreation to fit their own particular demonstrating criteria. Functional Modeling In this area, we apply t
Introduction An electric car refers to an automobile that runs on electric energy. Batteries and other energy storage devices attached to the car supply electrical energy. The manufacture of electric cars began in the 1880s (Boxwell, 2010). However, the development of internal combustion engines led to their popularity during the early years of the 20 th Century. The situation was eased by the energy crises that hit the global market during the 1970s and 1980s (Boxwell, 2010). The crisis led to a rise in the demand for electric cars among people. However, the demand was not enough to sustain mass production. The demand for electric cars emerged again after the development of power management technologies that gave electric cars advantages over internal combustion cars (Boxwell, 2010). Other factors that contributed to the rise in demand of electric cars included a rise in oil prices and the need to conserve the environment by controlling the rate of greenhouse gas emission. The main advantages of electric cars over internal combustion cars include reduction of air pollution, low maintenance cost, and reduction of overreliance on oil (Bullis, 2013). The high rate of the depletion of oil reserves has prompted many nations to invest in technologies that use other sources of energy. The demand and manufacture of electric cars have grown significantly in past years. However, high costs and the unreliability of batteries discourage many people from embracing electric cars. How electric cars conserve the environment One of the benefits of electric cars is that they conserve the environment because they do not release greenhouse gases, which are the main cause of environmental pollution (Bomford, 2013). In recent years, debates regarding the effects of internal combustion vehicles have dominated discussions on environmental conservation. The main issues frequently discussed include global warming, air pollution, and reliance on oil as the major source of energy. One of the solutions to the challenges of air pollution and global warming is the manufacture of electric cars. Electric cars do not produce greenhouse gases, thus reducing the level of air pollution. Cars that run on oil products produce carbon monoxide, ozone, hydrocarbons, soot, and oxides of nitrogen that pollute the environment (Bomford, 2013). Another benefit of electric cars is their ability to regulate noise pollution. The absence of a combustion engine means that they do not produce loud noises that pollute the environment (Bomford, 2013). Therefore, they prevent air and noise pollution. Electric cars that are charged using hydroelectric power further reduce pollution because the process of electr
Over the past decades, the fight for social and gender equality has been especially intense in numerous countries. Some developed countries, such as Canada, have succeeded in promoting a culture of acceptance and tolerance. Others, namely, Japan and China, remain to be hostile toward gender and sexual minorities. I selected the topic of LGBT because, in Japan, many LGBTQ people are still not accepted by their community, and there are still many people in Japan who only know little about LGBTQ. A similar situation to the one in Canada can be achieved in Japan and China by utilizing social media channels, particularly Instagram, to change the judgmental attitude of the people. LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) is a movement that opposes gender and sexual discrimination and focuses on achieving a culture of tolerance towards such minority groups. This campaign has had a dramatic rise in recent decades, especially in western countries. The LGBT activists are not only those who comprise the marginalized groups but also heterosexual people who seek justice for and acceptance of the affected. To understand the topic of LGBTQ deeply, I searched online for information about LGBTQ in Canada. Canada is an LGBTQ-friendly country, and it has legalized many laws for LGBTQ, for example, same-sex marriage, same-sex adoption, and the right to change legal gender. I also contacted an LGBTQ organization in Canada called Eagle Canada. I sent them emails and asked them to learn more information about LGBTQ in Canada. I went through their collection of resources about LGBTQ on their website and followed them on various social media to stay up to date on their latest resources, events, and news. With a perfect understanding of the LGBTQ issue in Canada, my team and I started to compare LGBTQ in Canada, China, and Japan. My initial thinking has changed due to my research and comparing LGBTQ issues in three different countries. Namely, Canada appeared to be an LGBTQ-friendly country, whereas China and Japan are rather hostile. For this project, we have used social media, Instagram, to help people find out more about the LGBTQ topic. We have strived to create colorful images and posts to attract more people to follow us on social media and learn about LGBTQ. Our Instagram account is called “lgbtq. ginos”; the most important thing about using Instagram to spread information is to create a good picture with text or images to draw attention. In my view, our group has worked hard to come out with excellent Instagram posts. Since we have used Instagram to spread information about LGBTQ, all we had to do is create a gripping and attractive post to draw the attention of those who wish to learn more about LGBTQ issues. Our project is: (a) grounded in the lives of students; (b) critical; (c) multicultura
Introduction Early marriages entail marriages involving adolescents between the ages of thirteen years and nineteen years. Over the years, the subject of early marriage has sparked controversy among various outfits in the international community including the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). The main source of concern for most people involves the ethicality of the concept especially in consideration of the possible disadvantages that marriage presents to teenagers including lack of proper gradual transition into adulthood, financial impact of marriage on teenagers, and loss of opportunities for better lives. However, such schools of thought ignore the society’s involvement in the process and overlook the positive possibilities that early marriage presents for teenagers. This paper seeks to explain how early marriages comply with the society’s code of ethics by presenting different perspectives from those to which most people subscribe. The paper explores the concept of marriage, its implications, the ethical perspective of early marriage, and some of the reasons why the concept should subsist until it dies a natural death. The concept of marriage Marriage is a social concept that bears legal implications upon the parties that choose become participants. Traditionally, marriage involved the legal union of a man and a woman of sound mind and above the age of a minority. However, the elements of gender and age have changed over the years. Recent transformations in the social order in most societies have made it possible for people to conduct marriage at younger ages than the conventional prescriptive age. Some societies have also embraced the concept of the same sex marriages in which individuals of the same sex can legally contract marriage agreements that allow for enforcement of the same worldwide. Implications Marriage has implications that generally fall into three categories, viz. legal, social, and religious. One of the legal implications that marriage has involves property ownership and distribution for the married parties. In the United States, division of matrimonial property takes the form of a fifty-fifty percentage share between the marriage partners at the time of the dissolution of their marriage, which means that the law perceives marriage partners as equal contributors to the attainment and maintenance of property regar