ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Tuckman’s Model and the Opportunities It Offers: Small Group Development Considering Tuckman’s model of stages of group development, Bonebright considers the model in relation to the development of smaller groups within an organization. It is essential that Bonebright not only provides an account of the model suggested by Tuckman, but also does so from the historical perspective. According to the results of the research, the model suggested by Tuckman has stood the test of time, providing “practical perspective and commonsense approach” (Bonebright, 2010, 118). As Bonebright mentions, the given model can be considered timeless, since it introduces an approach that is likely to work in most small groups of employees: “unlikely that a model with similar impact will come out of the new literature” (Bonebright 119). Despite the fact that Bonebright does not establish any revolutionary discoveries in the article, she still offers an honest and detailed account of the theory that seemed to have worn out its welcome several years before. Jiatao’s Factional Groups and the Rearrangement of Organizational Behavior Unlike the previously mentioned paper, in which no major groundbreaking ideas are offered, the article by Jiatao and Hambrick suggests a new phenomenon for consideration, namely, the one of factual groups. According to the authors of the research, factual groups are groups of people who constitute two or more social entities. Hence, the authors offer a new means to considering the conflicts within a group of employees, and, therefore, new methods to solve these conflicts. Analyzing the relationship between the factual faultiline size, two different types of conflicts emerging in a factional group, i.e., emotional conflicts and task conflicts, and the following behavioral disintegration, the authors of the research make it evident that “in factional groups, large demographic fault-lines between factions will bring about task conflict and emotional conflict, and in turn behavioral disintegration” (Jiatao & Hambrick, 2005, 800). The given paper is essential in learning the nature of conflicts within groups of employees and searching for the means to solve these conflicts. Discussing the Reasons for a Workplace Deviant Behavior: Kantur’s Theoretical Premises There is no secret that, though workplace behavior can and must be regulated according to the rules of the company, the actual behavior of the employees can sometimes leave much to be desired. Kantur considers the instances of workplace deviant behavior, detecting the key factors that contribute to the instances of the corporate behavioral rules and lead to deviant behavior among the employees.
Shakespeare and Aeschylus are two prominent figures who composed certain dynamic characters from a tragic hero point of view in the world of literature. The struggles of Orestes and Hamlet are similar. Each is summoned to avenge his father’s murder, and each experiences an interior conflict as a consequence. Weaving together different but analogous plots allows the dramatist to create meaningful juxtapositions that complement and enrich the main plot, including the character of the central protagonist. One such device in Hamlet is Shakespeare’s placing of the Danish prince in the context of Fortinbras and Laertes as the characters that, like Hamlet, find themselves in the role of having to avenge their fathers’ deaths. On the other hand, Orestes is a worldly-wise character having no interest in emotions and ethics. He has nothing to do or know about revenge or envy. The dramatic contrast in the revenge plots is accordingly achieved by the differing dynamic alignments of the three figures, whereby Fortinbras is presented as opportunistic and pragmatic endostatin, Laertes as an inflexible, morally rigid (decent) static, and Hamlet as an idealistic and showy exotic. The differing dynamisms of character thus explain why Fortinbras is less concerned with revenging his father than with regaining the lands lost by his father to Denmark; why Laertes is concerned only with justice in revenging his father, and not with self-advancement or power; and why Hamlet is concerned neither with just revenge, still less with acquiring power, but with the emotive and theatrical effects of his actions. The three sons avenging their fathers thus handle their similar tasks under three different banners: of political ambition in the case of Fortinbras, of justice in Laertes, and of art-cum-philosophy in Hamlet. (Bradley, 2001) While quite the opposite to Hamlet, Orestes is keen to be almighty and powerful, disregarding all the morality involved in his way. Orestes is representative of the shift, slaughtering his mother and her aficionado in reprisal and then later being at liberty of guilt by the judgment of a jury in Athens. For the retribution cycle to be comprehensive, Orestes has to assassinate his mother, the killer of Agamemnon, and her lover, Aegisthus, just as Clytaemnestra killed Agamemnon and his lover, Cassandra. Orestes turned up home with the intention to retaliate against his father Agamemnon, and the retribution thesis again presented itself. Orestes is also depicted as masculine, having crossed the significant threshold from puberty to maturity, which is indi
Introduction The Island of American Samoa lies south of the equator in the Pacific Ocean. As far as beauty is concerned, the island consists of dense tropical forests and hilly landscapes that create a magnificent view of the island. It also comprises a wide range of volcanic features, wildlife and rare plant species. The population in American Samoa is warm and friendly to all the visitors. The island boasts of a wealth of its culture as a result of its diverse community. These attributes make it the perfect location for holiday and educational tours. Why American Samoa? I chose to write about this topic because most people do not know much about the Island of American Samoa. We hear a lot about Tahiti, Hawaii or New Zealand; rarely there is some mention about the City of Pago Pago, the capital city of American Samoa. The island is a combination of six other islands that occur in the Pacific Ocean; they are Tutila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olosega and Ta’u. It is a beautiful place with wonderful climate, and the inhabitants are very friendly. It makes the perfect holiday destination. In addition to a special weather, cheap lifestyle and a great opportunity to relax, there is no hassle in getting into the country as there are no visa requirements. You only need a staying permit if you wish to be in the country for longer than one month. The islands were created due to the volcanic activity that occurred thousands of years ago. As a result, there are many geographical features that have emerged, such as atolls and natural harbors. The dense tropical forests and exotic wildlife are also a sight to behold. The place makes a perfect destination for an educational trip. I felt that if I wrote about the island, then I would make people aware of it and they would want to visit it, either for vacations or for educational tour. Brief Statement about the Topic The Island of American Samoa forms the most southern tip of the United States. It is a combination of five other Polynesian islands. The total land area is approximately 76 square miles ( Ipacific, 2010, par.1). The population of the country is about 55 000 people. This is according to the latest census carried out in the year 2010. Out of these, the greatest part of the island’s inhabitants are natives of Samoa. Although most of the population in the island comprises native Samoans, it is generally a cosmopolitan nation and accommodates people of other races, such as Asians, Caucasians and others. This has made the island a hub of culture due to its diverse populace. Autonomy The island of American Samoa is considered an independent state. In the early 19 th century, the island had been a part of the USA territory until it gained self-governance in1
Introduction The kind of governance observed in different countries has changed over the centuries due to different developments that have been registered. The increased industrial revolution, the increase in human population, as well as other forms of economic, social, and political developments registered in several countries across the globe have resulted into a shift from the traditional system of authoritarian government to a more devolved government. There has been an increased load on the governments due to several tasks that are supposed to be accomplished to serve the interest of the public. The increased load on government necessitated the creation of different independent government agencies to accomplish certain complex tasks to serve the interests of the public. Bureaucratic agencies are large government organizations that are charged with the responsibility of implementing public policies. Unlike the political positions that are elective, the members of such bureaucratic agencies are selected based on their expertise and experience in the respective areas of jurisdiction. Even though it may appear as though the bureaucratic agencies are independent government entities, the agencies often include other parties like the government and non-governmental organizations for support in executing their duties. The agencies have to formulate their objectives, mission, and vision. They then lay down the strategies that can be used to accomplish the mission and realize their vision and objectives. The agencies include the other parties to help realize these objectives in a cost-effective and efficient manner. However, once the agencies have been established to perform a given function, the government organs like the US Congress respect the autonomy of the agencies. The bureaucratic agencies are, in several cases, allowed to formulate their objectives and lay down their operational strategies without the government’s intervention. The agencies should develop rules that govern the actions of every individual involved in the agencies. It is necessary that the rules be applicable on every individual in implementing the policies without any kind of prejudice. Indeed, it has been observed that the bureaucratic agencies in the US treat citizens with a good standard of political equality (Bureaucracy, para.36). The ultimate effect of the implementation of such public policies is of great concern to the government and the bureaucratic agencies. The outcome will depend on the effectiveness of the policy in serving the interest of the public as well as the competence of the given agency in coordination its (policy’s) implementation. This paper focuses on the operations of one of the bureaucratic agencies in the United States. It highlights the organizational structure of the agency as well as how the structure reflects on the ability of the agency to implement the relevant public policies. The consequences of the implementation of such policies on the members of the public are also examined. Objective of the paper It has been observed that the bureaucratic agencies are charged with the respons
Introduction Juvenile correction system is under the juvenile justice system which is a network of organizations that handle young people whose behavior violates the law. The initial intent of the juvenile correction system was to correct a bad condition among young offenders and in so doing meet the community obligations towards the young people. The system dictates that youths have a right to be treated fairly under the law, for instance, they should have the right to be notified of charges concerning them, the right to acquire legal guidance, and the right to get a record of the proceedings. Background Information It was not until the 1880s that the juvenile corrections system came into existence. Juvenile offenders were earlier confined in adult prisons since there were no juvenile institutions. The cruel and harsh conditions in the adults’ prisons led to the idea of establishment of institutions and courts that would deal with young offenders. The early institutions were industrial schools that aimed at protecting the young offenders from getting negative influences in the adult facilities that would worsen their conditions other than rectifying them. The schools worked on the basis of rehabilitating the offenders through hard work and instilling discipline. The first institution was the New York house of refuge founded in 1825 and others were established later in different countries. The cottage system was later developed where juvenile offenders were housed in cottages and some parents were held responsible for running the cottages to create a home atmosphere so that the rehabilitation would take place in a more conducive environment. There were various reforms in the running of the institutions as years went by and the first juvenile court was set up in 1899. Today, most juveniles are housed in public institutions governed by state agencies (Siegel and Welsh, 2008). Juvenile Correction System The main objective of the juvenile justice system is to promote a system that is competent in handling the problem of juvenile delinquency, protecting the society, enhancing accountability for infringement of law and providing juvenile offenders with competencies to live in a responsible and productive manner. Juvenile correction system utilizes a case management system in the process of handling a youth offender, from the
Executive Summary How can a person enjoy cannabis without inhaling unnecessary tars and poising his or her lungs and blood with carbon monoxide? Wouldn’t it be better to merge marijuana with the most outstanding bakery products instead of having only a boring gummy option? We offer our customers to combine the best side of the bakery and cannabis by removing pointless lung damage. We are better than our competitors because we do not mix marijuana with other drugs, such as caffeine, and we do not put THC inside overpriced gummies. The dessert shop is guaranteed to grow because the market is about to boom, the legal environment is welcoming, and competition is weak. The project will become an Instagram star that provides relatively cheap and high-quality bakery products. In our dessert shop, you will leave full, your taste buds will be delighted, and your mind will feel relaxed. In addition to these numerous advantages, the business will become profitable astonishingly fast without losing the advertisement budget. Situation Analysis Market Trend Analysis The name of the industry is the cannabis edibles market, which promotes a healthier way of marijuana consumption. In regards to the market size, the article states: “A recent Deloitte report suggests that edibles and alternatives will be worth $2.7 billion a year in Canada – making up 60 percent of the legal cannabis market.” The trends are in favor of edible cannabis because the drug has a solid research base on its safety and increasing popularity. The research suggests: “A total of 12.9% of respondents reported smoking marijuana, 6% reported using edibles, 4.7% reported vaping, 1.9% reported using concentrates, and 0.8% reported using topicals. Overall, 6.7% reported using multiple forms in the past year.” Therefore, it is evident that the industry will grow due to the negative health ramifications of smoking marijuana, such as CO and tars. The sector will be comprised of edible marijuana products, which will come in the form of cookies, gums, sweets, and other foods with cannabis. The sales are increasing because of the overall expansion of the market, and edible marijuana is a healthier alternative to smoking. The current market trends indicate that cannabis edible spending is on the rise with the estimation of the number reaching $4.1 billion in 2022 in both US and Canada. Therefore, one can expect steady growth in the industry due to the constant escalation of the total spending
Introduction Infection control remains one of the most important aspects of any modern healthcare facility. The high hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) incidence rates and the presence of multiple negative outcomes demonstrate the need for an effective measure that will help to minimize the threat and ensure patients’ recovery. A UK-based survey suggests that 6.4% of inpatients at acute care hospitals acquire HAIs, with pneumonia (22.8%), urinary tract infections (17.2%), and surgical site infections (15.7%) accounting for the majority of the healthcare-associated infections (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2016). Around 4 million people in Europe acquire HAIs and 37,000 die, as a result, each year (UK Government, 2016). For this reason, the existing Guidelines on Infection Control Practice in the Clinic Settings of the Department of Health (2017) state that the implementation of these practices is the key to positive outcomes and patient satisfaction. The existence of infection control coordinators emphasizes the unique role that this issue plays in a modern healthcare setting as their major task is to gradually increase the level of awareness surrounding the discussed problem (Steinkuller, Harris, Vigil, & Ostrosky-Zeichner, 2018). Some effective methods offered by the guidelines include hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and other methods that can be helpful in eliminating infection risk. These measures are introduced to reduce the incidence of the most common types of HAIs which are a catheter-associated urinary infection (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infection, surgical site infection, and ventilator-associated event (ECDC, 2013). The existence of these health risks significantly deteriorates the quality of patients’ lives and outcomes. Consequently, it is critical to adhere to the proposed regulations and guarantee that no undesired effects will emerge. Case A case study is described to illustrate the increased importance of the existing guidelines and regulations related to disease prevention. The setting is an outpatient clinic with the case discussed as a personal experience by the author of this paper who is a senior RN. After surgical intervention, the patient feels good and gradually recovers. He visits a doctor to determine future treatment and dietary recommendations. However, in three days his physical state worsens, and he has a fever. Additional diagnosing discovers that he has influenza, which complicates the surgery recovery
In his sonnet, Shakespeare reflects the theme of time by mentioning various seasons of the year and comparing them to a girl’s age and appearance. Particularly, the poet equates his beloved one’s youth and beauty to “a summer’s day” (Shakespeare 1). Spring months, specifically May, according to the author, are not as charming and warm as summer ones due to their “rough winds” (Shakespeare 3). However, the poet does not only dwell on the topic of beauty in his sonnet. Shakespeare also touches upon the theme of fading and death. Still, while the poet admits that everything in this life comes to an end, he is convinced that his girl’s beauty will never disappear. Hence, both the temporal and metaphorical meanings of summer, when related to the main heroine, are reflected in the author’s confidence that her “eternal summer shall not fade” (Shakespeare 9). Contrary to Shakespeare, Hardy puts an emphasis on the process of aging and the wistful realization that one’s good looks are gradually deteriorating. The poet uses such phrases as “wasting skin” (Hardy 3), “heart had sunk” (4), “lonely wait… endless rest” (7) to express his melancholic state. Hardy, unlike Shakespeare, is rather pessimistic in his expectations of what the future holds for him. Shakespeare is confident that beauty will not disappear even death brags the girl “wanderest in his shade” (11). Meanwhile, Hardy is sure that time “steals” his youth and beauty gradually (10). Therefore, both poets resort to the theme of time in their pieces, but their expectations of the future are quite dissimilar. Shakespeare is optimistic and believes that true beauty will never fade, whereas Hardy is pessimistic and expects his hero’s condition to worsen with the years to come. Works Cited Hardy, Thomas. “I Look into My Glass.” Bartleby.com ., n.d., Web. Shakespeare, William. “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer Day.” Poetry Foundation , n.d., Web.
Abstract The Pancreas in a chimpanzee is an endocrine and exocrine organ involved in the metabolism of day-to-day body operations. The exocrine pancreas produces digestive enzymes and juices that facilitate the digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates by creating an appropriate medium for enzymes function and providing the enzymes to break down these food products. Some animals have discrete endocrine and exocrine pancreas but for higher animals like chimpanzees, the two are usually fused. This review will show the development of the chimpanzee pancreas, the anatomy of the fully developed pancreas including its histological cellular components, the molecular interactions that regulate the development of the pancreas, and discuss a developmental abnormality in the embryology of the pancreas. Introduction Two haploid cells (sperm and ova) fuse during fertilization in the ampullae of fallopian tubes leading to a cascade of events that culminate in the formation of a fully developed fetus resembling a chimpanzee at the end of gestation. Thirty hours later two cells are formed, forty hours later a four-cell stage, 72 hours later you have 12 – 16 cells and a late morula is formed by day four. This morula is implanted by day six and blastocyst with embryoblast and trophoblast is formed by the end of week one. The formation of a bilaminar disc is the main event in week two. It has two cell layers (hypoblast and epiblast) and two cavities (amniotic cavity and primitive yolk sac). Week three is heralded by gastrulation with the formation of the trilaminar germ disc that is composed of the epiblast, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. All the organs of the body originate from these three layers (Cleaver and Krieg 9) Week three to eight form the period of organogenesis and is the most vulnerable to teratogens. The cephalocaudal and lateral folding of the trilaminar disc leads to the formation of the primitive gut from the yolk sac. The two cavities that remain outside form the allantois and the yolk sac and these communicate with the primitive gut via the vitelline duct. These mesenteries give peritoneal ligaments which carry the neurovascular bundles and lymphatic of the developing gastrointestinal organs. The part of the primitive gut in the cephalic end becomes the foregut and the caudal part becomes the hindgut with the middle portion being the midgut, Embryology of the Pancreas The pancreas develops from the endodermal lining of the caudal part of the foregut that forms the duodenum. Two buds pouch from the endoderm; a larger bud, the dorsal pancreatic bud appears first in the dorsal mesentery followed by a smaller bud, the ventral pancreatic bud that appears in close relation with the bile duct. The duct system and parenchyma develop in each bud then fuse to form one organ. This resul