ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary The purpose of this project is to describe the business strategies of Nestle Group, which is one of the largest food processing companies in the world. This report includes the industry and company analysis, internal strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities, and threats factors; in addition, it assesses the corporate strategy of Nestle and Unilever using the financial statement of both companies for the last 5 years and compares strategic position by estimating different ratios, such as, return on total assets, return on equity, and profit margin. Furthermore, it focuses on national and global market analysis, marketing objectives, financial goals, target markets, key strategies of this company, and competitive advantage; finally, this project illustrates business-level strategy considering chocolate products of Nestlé Group and provides an implementation plan, considers market competition and gives recommendations for the future growth. Introduction The greatest and most diversified food and beverages corporation Nestle Group was established in 1905 after the merger of Anglo-Swiss Milk Company and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé; both companies were founded in 1866; however, the business of this company had expanded rapidly from the First World War and its annual sales volume was 89.8 billion in 2017. At present, it has about 413 factories in 85 countries, which engage to manufacture more than 10,000 different products; however, it sells over a billion products each day and it invests approximately CHF 1.50 Billion in R&D every year to identify the trends of the consumer and develop the quality of the food items and ensure safety. This company expended CHF 17bn for salaries and social welfare, created 41,867 job opportunities, and trained 431000 farmers (Nestle , Annual Report 2016 6). National, Regional, or Global Market Analysis Nestle is a Switzerland based global FMCG that generates US$ 90,832 millions of net profit from its worldwide operation while it earns US$ 28.48 billion from the US market gaining 55.5% market share of that region, it also attained 19.1% of the market share of the European, Middle Eastern and Saharan market ( Statistics & Facts ). Fig.1 illustrates a better approach to Nestlé’s Global Market Analysis- Fig. 1: Nestlé’s Global Market Analysis (Nestle, Annual Report 2014 3). Nestle Group is not operating business within the borders of a specific region; however, it is a global market leader in the food manufacturing industry, which touches billions of people each day
According to Hobbes, the reason that man forms a society is “fear of violent death and desirous peace” (Hobbes, p. 78). He claims that the self-preservation of an individual is the primary factor that motivates the formation of society and induces the transfer of some of the liberties to a common power. Hobbes’ conception is vital for understanding how people that are in the state of insurgency and counterinsurgency struggle behave. According to Hobbes the individuals who have surrendered some of their liberties to a common power, obtain a social contract that gives a promise of protecting those individuals from different threats, for example, oppression, injury, death. Not having to be on the lookout for threats all the time, the individuals can pursue various private interests that lead to happiness, and maybe society. However, Hobbes does not give an explanation of why the subsequent generations accept the social contract. When new generations merge into the new society, they all do not make any decisions of renewing the covenant. Those individuals may even take security for granted if they have never witnessed political anarchy. As each person advances towards adulthood, his behavior originates from social norms, rather than from rational choices. Under a common power, security is nonexclusive therefore everyone benefits and enjoys the good collectively. If some kind of rebel activity begins, the individual takes no action, as he got so used to the common power’s order that he expects the government to resolve the matter. When Hobbes talks about acceptance, he implies to the population’s majority. He alludes that the general tendency of the citizens is accepting liberty restrictions in trade for benefits of the covenant, however, there are certain ones who disagree to accept the common power, and these individuals are the greatest threat to society. The resisting sector of the society is never satisfied under a common power if they are not in charge of it. They are in constant pursuit of power as it is a major aspect of their human nature. However such pursuit of power involves great risks for the aggressor therefore it seems irrational from the point of view of the self-preservation premise. Self-preservation is the main principle of rational and self-interested individuals, that is why those individuals would n
Introduction With the current economic crunch that seems to rise in an alarming rate, the unemployed people are likely to be emotionally and psychologically affected resulting to a scarring effect. Having a source of income therefore becomes very important for every citizen in order to sustain their daily basic needs. It does not come as a surprise that most citizens are living in fear of losing their homes just because they can no longer pay the mortgage. Shockingly, most of this jobless people are educated and have undergone a particular training yet they do not seem to get a simple job. Earlier studies indicate that most of them have attended numerous job interviews without success. This paper will explore the concept of impression management and the role it plays on candidates seeking for a job. It will further explain the aspects of impression management and other strategies that job applicants should adopt in order to increase their chances of being hired. Understanding The Concept Of Impression Management In A Job Interview The first impression in most cases leaves a lasting impact hence basing one’s judgment on it. Most social psychologists pose the argument that impression management in a job interview mostly concern itself with non-verbal communication as opposed to verbal communication. This means that the job candidate should be more wary of how they conduct themselves before the interviewing panel, an aspect that most candidates ignore during the interview. It has been researched and concluded that most job candidates concentrate more on the verbal communication in an attempt to create an impression hence ignoring the aspect of non-verbal strategy (Gatewood, Field and Barrick, 2010). It therefore does not come as a surprise when a highly qualified candidate is turned away purely based on the way he was dressed during the interview. Creating the first impression by applying both non-verbal and verbal strategy is therefore pertinent in any interview. Job applicants should not only be aware of how to answer a question, but also the manner in which to answer that particular question. This tends to strike a lasting impression hence increasing the chances of being hired. Interviewers’ Sensitivity To Impression Management Strategies In A Job Interview The interview process takes a very short duration of time hence the need for the interviewer to get the most out of the candidate in that short period of interaction. It is for this reason that the interviewer makes most of the first time impression tactics to assess a candidate. The candidate should therefore learn how to assess the behavior of the interviewer during the first few minutes of the interaction. This will not only keep him on the competitive edge during the entire process but he can also use the information to his advantage. Previous research conducted highlights a major psychological theory that can be applied by the job applicants during an interview to comprehensively grasp the concept of impression management tactics to evoke the sensitivity of the interviewers (Lievens and Peeters, 2008). The attribution theory indicate that people often have a strong
The paper will focus on the culture other than U.S., more specifically Chinese and how HR issues and their handling might be done differently. It will look at the divisions between the set up of organizational ladder and the ability of culture to interact and come to a compromising decision. It will discuss cultural and moral implications and illustrate how COBRA policies might be viewed differently by the unique specifics of the culture and its people. The lawful and regulatory obligations that companies might have are crucial to the way other potential partners view a business, so ethics play an important role in the modern globalized market. Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions will be analyzed, in relation to the structure of social norms, people’s traditional expectations and psychological derivations of cross cultural values and individual opinions. The global developments and operations have been on an increase in the past decades. The division of roles in the company, workforce and general society must also be learned for success. Every culture has unique social norms and rules, which must be adhered by. The communication is one of the key areas, so the tone and how people are addressed will be important factors of a business. The structure of society and values, as well as traditions must be known for mutual respect and dealings. The ethical behavior very much depends on the norms and beliefs that the majority of people abide by. Human resources of a Chinese culture may greatly differ from those in the United States; so many factors must be examined. The world is made of many nations, unique and mostly unknown to others. The cultures that are close by geographically are better known between themselves, as people have to communicate with each other. But if cultures are far away and separate from others, then very little is known about them. Chinese culture is very unique, and the way business is handled requires a somewhat different approach from the United States one. China has very rich and extraordinary culture full of respectful traditions towards nature and other people. There is a deep and colorful history of past generations, which is not lost but keeps passing from one person to the next and so, the traditions stay the same in time. The way business ethics are oriented can be seen in the moral behavior of the nation. Even though the culture is stricter in its beliefs and traditions, it involves itself greatly in the present matters that affect the whole world. When looking at China’s values towards their culture, the respect they show can be seen from far away. Hofstede talks about the power distance between individuals and within corporations. The unique hierarchal set up that is based on authority and position can be seen in the Chinese culture. Individualism is largely secondary, as the common goal of the whole society is the greater pursuit (Wu, 2006). Hofstede specifies that cultural differences are key in finding the common ground, especially within an organization. The human resources relate to the individuals’ well being in a company, so culture and norms o
Introduction The revolutions of 1989 refer to a series of revolutions that were realized especially in Eastern Europe as a protest against the communist system of government. Regardless of the wide spread of the protest across a number of countries, the revolutions were carried out in a non violent way except in few isolated cases. This paper seeks to discuss the reasons for the peaceful revolutions in the year 1989 contrary to previous revolutions that were marked by high levels of violence. The paper will also look at uprisings in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968 which were violently countered. Overall this paper will clearly show why the 1989 revolutions were carried out in a peaceful manner as compared to the early revolutions. Uprising in Hungary in 1956 The Hungarian revolution of the year 1956 was started in October by students and workers who boycotted classes and work respectively in order to protest against the country’s oppressive system of governance as was exercised by the communist system of government. The demonstrators made demands for general changes in the government’s system and enforcement of rule of law on leaders who were violating laws through application of justice on those who had done wrongs to the country. In response to the revolution, the government dispatched its “secret police” to disperse the citizens who had then been branded rebels. 1 The secret police were, however, violent on the demonstrators as they used excessive force in their attempt to disperse the crowds and restore order in the streets. They, in the process, arrested some of the demonstrators a move that further annoyed the demonstrating group. As a result, the demonstrators organized themselves to rescue their arrested colleagues consequently triggering the secret police to open fire on the demonstrating citizens. The general police then offered their weapons to the demonstrators who used the guns to fight the secret police. Even as soldiers were brought in to counter the demonstrators, their efforts did not yield much fruit as most of them joined the revolution and the remaining was defeated. The Soviet Union seemingly yielded to the protestors and withdrew its forces from Hungary allowing them to form their government under their desired reforms. The soldiers were, however, later to be returned for a violent mission that killed men, women and even children. 2 The soviet made a violent move to counter what it had realized was a revolution to rebel against the communist form of government. The revolution was thus purely marked by extreme violence from both the demonstrating civilians and the Soviet government. 3 The Soviet forces attacked Hungary with full military equipments that included “katyusha rockets from their multiple launchers, mortars and cannons from the T-54 Stalin tanks” 4 among other weapons. They attacked any group that appeared to have a resistance possibility including neutral military bases. Seemingly, the main aim of the attack was a massive killing of the Hungarian people as the Soviet Union soldiers were explicitly required to fire into people. There were reported cases of military officers who
Impact of foreign aid on education in Bosnia Through financial support by international bodies such as the World Bank, Bosnia has been able to rehabilitate two of its main projects. These include the FY96-Emergency Education Project (ERP) and FY98 –Second Education Reconstruction Project (ERP II).The rehabilitation process entailed repairing schools which had been damaged during the war (Laurie & ‘Brien 14). In order to fully re-establish the school, new stationeries, text books and other learning materials such as models were purchased. The stationeries and learning materials were allocated to schools depending on their student capacity. In addition to the rehabilitation of schools, buildings within the Ministry of Education were also reconstructed. This was undertaken with the aid of the Emergency Education Project. During the second Education Reconstruction Project, equality funding was undertaken. This was implemented through the quality fund which entailed conducting a comprehensive analysis of inequalities available in schools. The analysis contributed towards an improvement of the quality of education. In addition, this reconstruction project ensured that education was accessible to all. This contributed towards attainment of the Ministry of Educational goal which entailed provision of universal education to everyone (Diane 98). As a result, children from diverse social settings had an equal chance of accessing quality education. In addition, the high quality of education ensured that students who graduated from various educational institutions had equal access to job opportunities (Laurie and O’Brien 14). Currently, the FY00 Project (Education Development Project) is being implemented as a strategy to institute the education reforms. The project has been instrumental in improving management of schools and other educational sectors through establishment of various institutions and other tools such as Standard and Assessment Agency and the Education Information Systems. Effective management of schools has led to improvement of performance in educational institut
Introduction Operation of organisations requires the possession of an immense wealth of information, which makes the application of data warehouses and data mining valuable in modern business operation environments. Fundamentally, enterprise data warehouse, alternatively termed as a data warehouse, refers to databases that are deployed in data analysis coupled with reporting (Inmon 5). Data warehouses are meant to provide a storeroom for historical and recent data that is deployed for the making and dispensation of information that are utilised when preparing superior management plans such as the assemblage of periodical and yearly reports for comparison purposes. Data contained in the warehouses is normally uploaded to various operational systems of an organisation including sales and marketing, among others. Opposed to data warehouse, data mining refers to “the computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving the methods of intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and data systems” (Haughton et al. 290). The main aim of putting in place a system for data mining in an organisation is to provide a means of retrieving reports from data stores with the overall objective of converting the retrieved reports into forms, which can be altered into an appropriate arrangement. Considering that both data warehouse and data mining may avail an incredible data to an organisation, which can be deployed in making vital decision and or aid in taking corrective measures upon its analysis, it sounds imperative for all nations to have organisations placing central emphasis on data warehouse and data mining. This paper aims at conducting a comparative analysis for the extent to which data warehouse and data mining have been deployed in the UAE and Europe. Before this section, a brief history of data mining and data warehouse is considered. Research Project Questions Data warehouse and da
Introduction The Innocent Man is a book written by John Grisham concerning the misery and injustice in the town of Ada, Oklahoma. John Grisham narrates a shocking story of Ron Williamson and his friend Fritz. The two friends were arrested under false charges and convicted without trial. Williamson is a baseball star who ends up a dissolute mentally unstable and the two were faced with charges of rape and murder. Grisham’s book gives a shocking tale of how Williamson led his life in judicial crime injustice until the time of his death row sentence. Ron Williamson was a sportsman in the town of Ada, Oklahoma before he left to work on his dreams. Years later, he joined a life of drinking, drug abuse and women. The book analyses the hash and mishandled mission of the police in Ada. He reports on how the police and prosecutor used confession, false witnesses and baseless evidences to convict Williamson. Ron Williamson faced deep and permanent psychological wounds during this time of torture. After suffering in a conviction and detention for eleven years on a death row, Williamson and Fritz were guilty of the crimes according to DNA test evidence (Grisham, 2010). Discussion Grisham’s book gives an analysis of the false convictions, poor police work and corrupt prosecutions that requires serious alerts on judicial reforms. He gives a transparent picture of the legal system and reflects how the judicial systems are so unfair to
Introduction Leadership is a key function of management. At the workplace, employees must exhibit a certain degree of leadership quality for the success of the organization. Managers in any organization are charged with the responsibility of leading the different employees. Researchers have stated that managers have always made the mistake of making automatic employee follow-ups when they get a position of leadership. However, the truth is that a management position indicates the title of the individual. The leadership qualities in management are acquired. According to Northouse (2001), a leader is any individual who is capable of influencing another individual or groups of individuals into achieving a common goal. Effective leadership entails influencing the associates and subordinates in a positive way. The path that these leaders choose in an organization should lead to the achievement of organizational goals. Many types of leadership styles have been described. One of the most common styles is transformational leadership. Many researchers have focused on this form of leadership and its application in some of the international organizations. According to Schuh, Zhang, and Tian (2013), transformational leadership approach is important in management. It facilitates the modeling of exceptional leaders in organizations. This paper looks at transformational leadership approach in Wal-Mart as an international organization. It provides examples of how this form of leadership has been beneficial. The paper also looks the application of transformational leadership in the UAE based on the analysis of the data obtained from this society. Literature Review Several studies have been done on transformational leadership. Most of these studies have focused on the international organizations. Companies such as Microsoft, Starbucks, and McDonalds have had their share of transformational leaders. Some of the researchers that described transformational leadership include Northouse (2001). He states that transformational leadership is the process of changing and transforming individuals and organizations (Northouse, 2001). This means that transformational leadership is the process of getting people adopt and/or accept change in an organizational setting in an attempt to improve their performance through effective leadership (Northouse, 2001). A transformational leader should lead to an improvement in performance of a portfolio or the organization in which he or she is stationed. The growth of international trade and internationalization of organizations have led to increased significance of this form of leadership. Examples of organizations that have had transformational leaders include Microsoft, Apple Computer Company, Tesco, and Salisbury. These organizations have had a significant success during the periods that these leaders were in office. Another organization that is also a point of focus in this report is Wal-Mart. The transformational leader that contribute