ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The purpose of the review The review was done for the purposes of identifying actions required for improvement of risk management within the company. The report also helps the company to know the rate of progress whether it is moving forward or stagnating. The review enables easier creation of management standards and procedures that makes it easier for every employee to understand and define their roles within the company. The other aim for conducting departmental review was to understand the general view of the company concerning external and internal threats. Each department is exposed these threats hence should be prepared for appropriate action using effective devices. Methodology and limitations Structured interviews were conducted in a number of departments. Each departmental head was required to respond to some questions concerning risk management within Woolworth. Structured interview was used because it provides some level of flexibility and easy understanding. Generally the interviews were open-ended, neutral, sensitive and clear to the respondents. The structure provided by the method allowed for open conversations that provided detailed information about the Company (Whyte, 1982). However, there was not enough time to gather all departmental heads together for the completion of group interviews. Amongst those interviewed were the Director of Group risk, head of finance and the ICT manager. Summary of the organizational context Woolworth is one of the largest company’s dealing with food and grocery, liquor, petrol, general merchandise and electronics. The firm is very much committed to supplying consumers with adequate and satisfactory shopping experiences. The company manages its risks through making of self-assessment questionnaires that assists the board in overseeing the available system of managing risks. These are drafted and sent to all departmental heads and staff. The questionnaires are usually used for various purposes by the heads of department one of them being evaluation of the level of risks in each business unit and ways of controlling the identified risks. The questionnaires are also used for monitoring purposes so as to reveal level of progress on certain action plans. They are also used in calculating risk management premiums levied on business units that are in operation. This enables the business-unit executives to prioritize on the costs for managing certain risks (Mintzberg and Quinn, 1988). The company has got the intention of building and improving its position so as to become the best food supplying
The history for the global south nationalism occurred in the 20 th century after the end of the Second World War. The nationalism was responsible for the foreign domination after the 20 th century. Before the colonialism the nationalisms in the GS was limited and therefore it was not possible to identify it. The GS nationalism was manifested through the formation of the nationalist movements like the Indian national congress that was formed in 1885. There was also the emergence of the charismatic leaders like the Gandhi of India and the mobilization of the groups like the religious groups for the nationalist cause. There was a war that existed during the colonization eras and the proclamation of the political independence like the India/Pakistan that was in 1947. (John, 1992) The Guinea was under the colonization of the France while the India was under the British colonizers. The challenges that were related to the independence in the Guinea and the India included: problem of lack of economic freedom where by many in those countries were poor and therefore poverty was highly seen in these nations. The education is such countries has been greatly affected this is because with the effects in the political and the economic basis of the nations then it became hard for the nations to get the education that was appropriate for the people this has been the most pressing problems in India and Guinea after colonization. The development can be seen as the increase in the economic activities and this can be measured and there is also the improvement in the social and the economic well being of the people this is seen as the human development. The theories that are used in the development includes the modernization which is based on the similar stages in the development in most of the nations that is from the traditional stage up to the industrialization stage. The dependency theories is based on the Marxist analysis and has the argument on the underdevelopment of the global south and this has the meaning that most of the countries where not able to develop as accepted and this led to the problems that affected the people. This underdevelopment in the India and the Guinea countries was due to lack of the industrial base that was strong, there was also the problem of the practices that were cultural and the beliefs of the people in these nations, they lacked the skilled man power and therefore they made use of the power that was readily available
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 1 have been associated by the medical profession with increased risk of cardiovascular disease for several decades now. Recommendations to avert this outcome have included reducing the amount of SFAs in the diet. This could include cutting out red meats, and substituting low-fat dairy products for full-fat ones, as well as avoiding some industrially modified lipids. The action of any single nutrient in the body is complex. The research results on SFAs have been inconsistent and subject to intense controversy. However, a prudent public health diet strategy should probably recommend moderation in SFA consumption, as with any other dietary constituent. The exact mechanism by which SFAs can affect cardiovascular health is still under study. However, research connects high dietary intake of SFAs to increased blood levels of Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLs) (Wang, Folsom, & Eckfeldt, 2003). These LDLs, in turn, are considered to be associated with higher incidence of atherosclerosis, or deposition of plaques of lipids and white blood cells on the arterial walls. These plaques make the blood vessels narrower and less resilient. They also sometimes break loose to travel elsewhere in the body and block important blood vessels leading to the heart or to the brain. This can lead to what is commonly termed a heart attack or as stroke. The action of these fatty acids in the body has been under continuing study. These are elements of food that primarily provide concentrated energy (calories). Additionally, and importantly, SFAs may occur in foods that provide nutrients such as high quality protein, iron, and vitamins A and D. The ways that fats are metabolized and the impact on various body systems are complex. For example, the metabolism and mobilization of fats can be affected by the individual’s exercise level. The amount of lipid circulating in the blood may be affected by the amount of stress the individual is experiencing, due to the lipid mobilizing effect of increased levels of cortisol. Saturated fatty acids in red meat fat, and butterfat, are often largely solid at room temperature. Some oils or lipids that are liquid at room temperature are saturated industrially by increasing their constituent proportion of saturated fatty. This is called hydrogenation. Some unsaturated fats can be transformed into trans-fats, an isometric variant, during industrial food processing. Domesticated animal fat SFAs, as well as those from industrially processed fats are more common in the developed world, reflecting both wealth and the lure of convenience. In recent decades, in spite of decreases in many other causes of mortality, cardiovascular disease has increased. Researchers associate this with the diet of the industrialized world and dramatic increases in consumption of processed foods (Astrup, et al., 2011) Research suggests that replacement of SFAs with unsaturated fats is modestly helpful (Torrejón & U
Introduction In Victoria sewage or wastewater generated by households is treated either through reticulated sewerage systems or individual on-site septic tank systems. A septic tank system is defined as a system for bacterial, biological, chemical, or physical treatment of sewage, and includes all tanks, beds, sewers, drains, pipes, fittings, appliances, and land used in connection with the system. Historically septic tanks have been extensively used since the 1950s, which coincides with the time they were approved as a method for sewage disposal for domestic properties. In the absence of reticulated sewerage infrastructure, septic tanks are an acceptable sewage solution provided that waste and wastewater are contained and disposed of on-site. Failing septic tank systems can have adverse impacts on human health and the local environment if wastewater seeps into waterways, groundwater, and surrounding soils. (MRCC) has prepared a Domestic Waste Water Management Plan. The purpose of the Council’s Domestic Waste Water Management Plan is to allow the widely varying risks associated with domestic wastewater to be identified and corresponding management strategies developed, implemented, and monitored and a full copy of the Domestic Waste Water Management Plan has been circulated separately to Councillors. The Plan provides Council with a strategic framework:   * To allow long-term strategies to be developed for wastewater system management   * For making decisions about individual installations   * For enforcement and compliance options for costing and funding wastewater management   * For liaison between Council, the community, water authorities, Comments Domestic wastewater is classified as wastewater arising from a domestic dwelling or a dwelling primarily used for domestic purposes. It can comprise black water, greywater, or both. Domestic wastewater must be adequately managed to prevent adverse health effects, the transport of nutrients, pathogens, and other pollutants to surface waters, and to prevent any impacts on groundwater. As the local public health authority, Council is responsible for ensuring domestic wastewater is either appropriately treated on-site (eg. with septic tanks) or transported through the reticulated sewerage system. The council must ensure that household wastewater does not leave the property boundary and pose health and environmental threats. This is achieved through a permitting system, monitoring, and compliance management for on-site wastewater treatment systems. By guidance from the Municipal Association of Victoria, Mildura Rural City Council submitted a draft Domestic Waste Water Management Plan to the Municipal Association of Victoria on March 31, 2006. The Department of Sustainability and Environment and the Environment Protection Authority have provided feedback on this draft. This feedback has been included in the final document. The draft has also been th
The following project proposal considers a number of factors that makes a coworking space effective and productive through the means of design choices. In order to create a space that adheres to the values of the company and to the needs of its employees, certain features were thoroughly considered and integrated into the final design. These include the safety, health, and wellbeing of the employees, the elimination of social, environmental, and community issues, and the inclusion of appropriate spatial and design elements. As a result, certain components such as health and safety prioritization, adaptability, and sustainability were chosen as thematic guides for the project. Sustainability and health-related changes mainly affect the environmental aspects of the working space, while adaptability responds to concerns over social and communal conflicts. There are a myriad of features that can distinguish an effective co-working space from a dysfunctional one, but only four core characteristics are really necessary. First, the space must be inhabited by a community with either a like-minded purpose or attitude. While this is not a direct facet that can be controlled by interior design, the appearance of a space is likely to attract individuals that are more responsive to it. As such, a community found within a co-working space with an appealing yet productive appearance is more likely to function in a way that adheres to their overarching goals and ideals. Second, hospitality is integral to creating a space that values the wellbeing of those inside it. Similarly, while design does not directly create hospitality, the presence of better lighting, friendlier colors, or non-claustrophobic spaces is likely to instill a more engaging atmosphere. Third, the space must be primarily designed to uphold certain facilities, such as specialized equipment or work spaces for certain professional operations. Fourth, business is essential not only for the main purpose of conducting production but also in the maintenance and correct workflow of the space. A number of factors within the design of a workspace can impact the health, safety, and wellbeing of employees. In order to maintain the health of those inhabiting such spaces, it is essential that a designer consider the things that usually cause a drawback on the wellbeing of employees. Though some changes may seem small, they may have a large impact on the physical health of those working in these spaces. For instance, making a staircase more accessible and easy to reach can encourage employees to take the stairs instead of an elevator for additional exercise (Kohll, 2019). It is also essential to consider mental well-being, as employees will spend a significant amount of time within the designed space. A primary concern is the lack of natural light, which has been linked to decreased physical, psychological health, and energy. The safety of the space’s inhabitants is also incredibly importa
Overview with cultural considerations My patient is a 30-year old white American, who was hospitalized with complaints about sharp and acute pain in his neck and shoulders. The patient is a Christian who, however, does not attribute much attention to religion in his life. The patient has a family, and his wife and 7-year old daughter are rather supportive to him. The patient is a highly open person using the eye-contact and touch in his communicational acts. The urgent medical assessment and testing proved that the patient had a hiatal hernia and required an urgent laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery to be carried out. After this, the patient went through a set of tests to examine his blood, pulse, blood pressure, and urine. The results of the preliminary tests manifested the patient’s readiness for the surgery and the possibility of using general anesthesia. So, the patient was prepared for the surgery and brought to the surgery room. The very laparoscopy started 5 minutes later when the general anesthesia started working. Four minor incisions were made in the right part of the patient’s abdomen and the hiatal hernia repair was carried out. No complications were observed before, during, or after the surgery. The patient recovered from the general anesthesia rather early, and the PACU score of the patient was 2, using the gradation in which late recovery is 0, intermediate recovery is 1, and early recovery is 2. After the surgery, the patient was placed in an ordinary ward because he cope
Introduction Controversy surrounding gun control has been existence in America for over a century. While possession of guns has been widely associated with injury and death of innocent people, guns have also been known to save lives and prevent crimes when used appropriately (Valdez 7). According to the federal government’s national vital statistic report of 2001, 11001 people were murdered by use of a fire arm, 924 died as a result of accidental shootings, while 16455 people used guns to commit suicide (Gold 11). Thousands of Americans are dying each year from gun inflicted injuries. However, the same guns are used by police and other law enforcing agents to protect people against crime. Opponents of gun control such as Kleck Gary oppose gun control citing that such regulations have no significant effect on the overall crime reduction in America. On the other hand, proponents of gun control argue that ownership of more guns often results in increased deaths emanating from use of fire arms. Authors’ Use of Language In his book, Point blank: guns and violence in America, Gary Kleck is contemptuous of gun control proponents. According to Kleck, the central rationale for gun control as a means of controlling violence is ‘eminently commonsensical’ (Kleck 429). He argues that the effects of disarming violent people are limited in scope and would not necessarily produce any net violence reducing impact. The writer is critical of the proponents’ views which he refers to as ‘unduly simplified conception of the role of weaponry in human violence’ (Kleck 429). Susan Dudley Gold accommodates the views of gun control opponents and incorporates them in her discussion. The writer presents the views of proponents and supports them with relevant evidence. She assesses both sides of the discussion and acknowledges that the ongoing debate continues to be complicated by lack of consensus between the two sides (Gold 17). The writer is not cynical of the opposing side; rather, she considers the arguments from both sides in order to make an informed decision. Evaluation of Evidence According to Gary Kleck, general gun ownership appears to have an insignificant net effect on the rates of crime although they affect the fraction of crimes committed with guns (Kleck, 430). Kleck claims that gun ownership levels have no net effect on suicide rates especially due to the wide range of alternative suicide methods. In addition, gun ownership levels appear to have no relationship with the rates of fatal gun accidents since such accidents are rare and confined to a small portion of the population. This makes it difficult to detect any statistical relationship existing between gun levels and accident rates (Kleck 430). Ho
Introduction Even though present-day science makes no secret of the use of animals for research purposes, not many people know what deprivation, pain, and misery those animals have to experience in laboratories. Animal testing Animal testing is a regular, centuries-old practice that has been used continuously for research purposes since the times of Aristotle and Erasistratus, who conducted experiments on animals to test their scientific hypotheses. Galen, a celebrated physician from Rome, used animals in his practice as he needed them to perform a deeper investigation of physiology, anatomy, and pathology to be able to succeed in human surgery (LaCapra, 2016). In the 12 th century, initiated by Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), this practice was officially required before any of the procedure could be applied to people (Garner, 2016). However, in recent years, the topic provokes a lot of heated debate because of the activity of various animal rights movements. Proponents of the practice argue that the prohibition of animal testing may threaten human lives and well-being as potentially hazardous drugs and chemicals would have to be tested on humans (Doke & Dhawale, 2015). Furthermore, another strong argument they put forward is that the development of science as well as some industries would be considerably held back as it would be impossible to test and improve products (Hartung, 2017). Nevertheless, already in the 17 th century, some humanists insisted on banning the practice. Unfortunately, they did not receive any considerable support. Nowadays, there emerged a lot of animal protection groups, claiming that if atrocities committed for the sake of science went beyond research institutions, they would be regarded as violations of law (LaCapra, 2016). Yet, torturing and killing animals are regular practices for a vivisector. They receive no protection from violence. Thus, the paper at hand will attempt to prove that the practice of animal testing is brutal, too large in scope, and in most cases ineffective, which means that it must be outlawed in all countries where such experiments are still legalized. Reasons to Ban Animal Testing The major argument supporting the idea of banning the experiments on animals i
Introduction English language is considered a foreign language in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia (KSA). Learners are introduced to the English language using EFL teaching materials at the sixth grade in public schools and at kindergarten to students who attend private schools. Teaching materials for EFL in the KSA are developed by the ministry of education. These materials are then distributed to schools and bookshops. According to Shawer (2010), inequity in EFL materials in the KSA is that teachers and learners are not involved in the development of learning materials. Curriculum developers are employees of the government who are solely involved in all the development stages of learning materials, namely textbooks, radio programmes, and television programmes. Lack of inclusion of teachers and learners in the development of EFL teaching materials in the KSA has resulted in poor relations between teachers and the materials. Teachers cannot completely internalise the materials or fully integrate them into their teaching. Shawer (2010) recommends that it is important to evaluate EFL teaching materials before adapting them into the teaching and learning system. To begin with, EFL teaching materials are developed without the input of the teachers and the learners who are the main consumers. As such, materials that are presented by the ministry of education lack inclusivity. It is also important to note that most of the teachers are not first speakers of English. The materials used by such teachers as guides and textbooks should be easily understandable. Secondly, most of the learners in the KSA take English as a second language. Such learners may have difficulties in reading and appreciating these textbooks. Therefore, evaluation will ensure that EFL textbooks appeal to their language levels. Based on this background information concerning EFL in the KSA, this paper uses ‘Traveler 1 Student’s Book’ by Malkogianni to gauge its suitability as the first English textbook to the KSA learners. A TEFL in Saudi Arabia Educational policy for teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Educational policy for Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia ensures regulation at all levels where EFL is taught. EFL was introduced in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia by the ministry of education in 1925. Shawer (2010) confirms that the ministry of education has the power to dictate that EFL be taught from grade six through to the university. Most of the subjects in the KSA schools are also taught in English language, thus making it an important language of instruction and evaluation. In addition, several immigrants from western and other countries of the world use English in their communication. This ob