ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The idea of the leadership in the organization is based on the employees’ and managers’ perceptions of each other, as well as on the constant evaluation of their performance. It is possible for a person to develop as a leader if employees demonstrate respect for this individual. In a situation when managers or employees are stereotyped or discriminated, it is almost impossible to speak about the true leadership. Therefore, it is important to focus on one of the minority groups which are discriminated against in organizations. In this context, much attention should be paid to American Indians because they are among those representatives of minority groups who are often limited in opportunities to develop their careers and take leadership positions in the organization. It is necessary to note that American Indians represent the highly discriminated group in organizations because their qualities, behaviors, and potential are associated with many stereotypes. As a result, the communication between employees becomes affected by wrong attitudes, and American Indians cannot demonstrate their professional or leadership attributes that can be perceived by coworkers adequately. According to Duckworth (2016), “the majority of the world’s problems are issues of communication” (para. 1). Thus, if representatives of different cultures cannot communicate effectively while working in one organization, it is almost impossible to expect productive cooperation. People are inclined to perceive American Indians as representatives of one large tribe with a specific culture that differs from modern American culture significantly. As a result, there are perceptions that American Indians are not only similar regarding their traditions and beliefs, but they also are less educated or skilled in comparison to the other Americans. Thus, Duckworth (2016) notes that “stereotyping prevents people from understanding that our history, culture, beliefs, looks, living conditions, language, etc., vary from tribe to tribe and even clan to clan” (para. 2). Moreover, such kind of stereotyping “perpetuates myths and ignorance” (Duckworth, 2016, para. 1). In this context, it is rather difficult to expect that American Indians can realize their leadership potential in organizations. American Indians have a specific culture and views that are not understood by the majority. Harvey and Allard (2015) state that, in the American Indian culture, “the individual is expected to remain modest and humble,” and these people often “avoid seeming superior” (p. 214). Such behavior influences the aspect of leadership because talented American Indians can remain unprompted in the organization, and this process can also be influenced by stereotyping as an additional factor. Furthermore, while developing the idea regarding the importance of communication in the organization, it is also necessary to refer to the words by Duckworth (2016), “the general population has a difficult time communicating with us both collectively and on an individual basis” (para. 4). American Indians become victims of other people’s prejudice and ignorance because managers and empl
Introduction Steered by Steven Spielberg and composed by Robert Rodat, the 1998 celluloid, Saving Private Ryan , is a ‘must watch’ chef-d’oeuvre, set in the 20 th century and relatable to those who claim to be devotees of the history of World Wars. Saving Private Ryan unfolds the events of 20 th century, covering countries like England, France, as well as Ireland, all of which participated in World War II. Steven, in this captivating masterpiece, takes the viewer through a historical voyage, showing the events as they really occurred during the Second World War specifically in 1944, a year before the war ended. Some characters in the film once existed in history, for instance, Captain Miller, once lived because his tombstone still exists. The director highlights the respective contributions of these people in the making of the present ‘history of World Wars.’ He wants to show that what people call history is no more than a past real life story experienced by people. A good number of instances in the film are historically accurate. However, Steven intentionally infixes some scenarios, which contradict the reality as unfolded by history, to meet dramatic effects as well as to imprison the attention of the viewers. However, some historically inaccurate episodes arise from Steven’s sloppiness. Historically Accurate and Inaccurate Instances In Saving Private Ryan film, the way Steven pictures the intrusion of Normandy concurs with history. The movie unfolds the events as they really occurred when this French province was invaded on 6 th June 1944. The actual plan was to make sure that the Ranger companies were attacked first, so that the main objective of securing Pointe-de-Hoc and some other ‘higher grounds’ may be easily achieved. As the movie unfolds, Omaha beach is stormed arousing the horrors of the battle, which agrees with history. In addition, the way the men match towards the LCPVs to storm the beach is historically accurate because the way they suffer casualties thereafter, matches the exact happening of 1944. Moreover, as Custin points out, “The scenes from the Invasion of Normandy were correct in showing the shore just as it was on June 6, 1944” (22). The image of the shore in the movie resembles the real picture as it was then. For instance, the evident blood covering the sands on the shore matches the real picture as it stood in 1944. More so, just as the dead bodies lie scattered besides the shore with the bloody waters of the ocean passes for the real scenario. The boats employed in the movie matches with the ones used then. The movie pictures a cemetery at the Normandy province, which resembles the exact one in France, referred to as the ‘Normandy American Cemetery.’ The names of some characters and places used by Steven, match with the real names of those who fought the war. Finnigan proves the existence of Miller when he says, “…and I do believe Captain Miller were real people…there are tombstones to p
Introduction Over the years, collective bargaining has helped employees achieve better working conditions and favorable pay in the workplace. In most cases, the workers use representatives to engage the employer in negotiations. The aim is to make sure that their needs are addressed (Budd, 2010). Trade unions represent workers in collective bargaining. The organizations exist in both the private and public sectors. However, there are differences between the two sectors as far as collective bargaining is concerned. In this paper, the author will provide a comparative analysis of collective bargaining in the private and public sectors. To this end, the bargaining power of stakeholders across the divide will be compared. Finally, the economic weapons used by employers and employees in the two sectors will be analyzed. Collective Bargaining in the Public and Private Sector: Differential Analysis The two sides share some similarities concerning collective bargaining. However, there are also differences between them. To start with, the incentives behind negotiations in the private sector and government are different. A case in point is a union representing workers in a company owned by private investors. Such negotiations may lead to high wages for the employees. The increase in salaries would lead to a rise in the prices of products sold by the company (Elvander, 2002). The reason behind t
Atrial fibrillation is the physical state during which a heart rate of a patient is irregular, and in some instances, beating too fast. For example, it can be raised considerably high such as up to 100 beats per minute. Some symptoms include dizziness, shortness of breath, and exhaustion or tiredness. Heart palpitations may be noticed; this consists of the feeling of pounding, fluttering, or beating in any way that is not considered to be the patient’s normal heart rate. Such episodes can last between a few seconds to a certain amount of minutes. Nevertheless, certain cases of atrial fibrillation do not present any symptoms, and the patient does not become aware of their irregular heartbeat. It is suggested to seek medical help in the case of chest pain, a sudden change in a heartbeat, and a consistently low rate of below 60 or a constant high rate of over 100 beats per minute. Atrial fibrillation is often the result of a sequence of events. When the heart is beating normally, its muscle tissue walls tighten and contract the blood until they relax for the chambers to refill with blood (NHS, 2018). However, in a patient with atrial fibrillation, the heart’s upper chamber, called the atria, contracts at random intervals and at irregular speeds. Because of these discrepancies, the heart is unable to relax and decreases its production of it. The random contractions of the atria chamber are caused by electrical impulses. These pulsations disrupt the natural pace of the heart to the point where the chambers cannot control the beating. Commonly, this affects people over the age of 65 disproportionately. Additionally, atrial fibrillations can also be triggered by certain circumstances or actions such as imbibing too many alcoholic beverages or smoking. Treatment varies with patients and the type of atrial fibrillation that occurs. Though it is usually not life-threatening, it can cause serious discomfort and requires treatment in most cases. Common treatment involves different medicine that prevents heart strokes, medicine to control the rhythm of the heart, cardioversion, or catheter ablation. The primary focus of medicine, such as beta-blockers, works to control martial fibrillations once they occur. The aim is to lower the patient’s heart rate to below 90 beats per minute or 110 in some cases. Some beta-blockers used for control over atrial fibrillations include bisoprolol and atenolol, or calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem or verapamil (American Heart Association, n.d.). Additionally, digoxin can be prescribed if the beta-blockers need assistance in calming the heart rate. It is usual for one of the prescriptions above to be given out before attempting to use a catheter ablation. Furthermore, the beta-blockers could cause some side effects such as tiredness, lowered blood pressure, nightmares, impotence, and cold hands and feet. Flecainide can cause nausea, vomiting, and heartbeat disorders. Verapamil may be responsib
Fats are solids at room temperature whereas oils are liquids at room temperature. There are at least two classifiable types of fats within the commonplace classifications of regular, saturated, and unsaturated fats. Animals and plants use fat for storage of energy, to aid with the absorption of carotenoids, and vitamins A, D, E, and K, and ensure proper growth, development, and maintenance of good health (Kimbrough 2009, p. 3). Consequently, fats are generally very important players in metabolism. However, the type of fat is also a significant factor in the health of human beings. Saturated fats are markedly dangerous for human health because they increase the level of the “bad” cholesterol in the body, which increases the risk of heart attacks and other heart diseases. On the other hand, unsaturated fats, such as those found in olive oil, nuts, fish with omega-3 fatty acids, and nuts among other sources are very important in the human diet because they reduce the level of the ‘bad’ cholesterol while increasing the level of ‘good’ cholesterol in the body (Kimbrough 2009, p. 6). However, since all fats contain calories, even unsaturated fats should be consumed within the recommended amounts. Trans-fats are unsaturated fats and so for almost ten decades, the world believed that they were an acceptable alternative to saturated fats. However, scientists are coming up with evidence to rebut this theory and instead prove that trans-fats are a health hazard and human beings should reduce their intake of the same to a bare minimal. This assertion holds because trans-fats reduce the level of the ‘good’ cholesterol, while simultaneously increasing the level of the ‘bad’ cholesterol in the body. Since these fats have extra hydrogen, they have higher cholesterol composition and they are more difficult to digest than other fats. Therefore, they are clearly a health hazard. Nevertheless, since all manufacturers use trans-fats due to their preferred qualities, viz. food staying ‘fresh’ for longer, stays on the shelf longer, and has a less greasy feel, they are present in almost all the food products available in the market especially under fast food categories and eliminating them shall take a while (Micha 2010, p. 883). Consequently, the Food and Drug Administration as well as other affiliated health bodies across the world are coming up with directives requiring food processors to indicate the amount of trans-fats in any food product. However, the problem with this move is that presently, if a serving contains less than 0.5gms of trans-fat, it is permissible for the processor to indicate 0gms (Micha 2010, p. 883). This aspect is risky because if a person has many servings, s/he can easily surpass the recommended threshold to his or her detriment. Consequently, spreading awareness of nutritional make up seems a better way to tackle the issue as people can keep track of their consumption. Bonding Fats have a chemical structure that is similar regardless of the type and it consists of a three-carbon glycerol backbone (triglyceride) with long chain fatty acids.
Up until 1795, Boston greatly relied on local wells and rain barrels for its local water supply. In 1795, the city turned to Jamaican water supply which supplied water throughout the city using wooden pipes but the city lacked a sufficient delivery capacity and the Jamaican water supply also started to pose major health concerns. This prompted the city to develop a conchitutae water supply system in 1951 to boost the distribution of water (MWRA 2). However, due to population explosion in the area, the conshituate water system wasn’t sufficient to cater for the whole city and the Chestnut Hill reservoir was build to supplement the water shortage. Later, the Wachuset and the Quabbin water reservoirs were built to further supplement water shortages and then the MWRA’s integrated water supply system was established to improve the supply of water which still supports the city’s water distribution today (MWRA 5). Water Sources and Treatment Upon construction of Boston water reservoirs, common sources of water used to supply it were the Nashua River, Lake Winnipesaukee, Sebago Lake, and the Merrimac River which also sustained water to the Wachuset reservoir and the Quabbin Reservoir (MWRA 5). These two reservoirs are Boston’s major water reservoirs and supply most of Boston’s household with fresh water each day. In general, Boston is estimated to use approximately 220 million gallons of water each day (Ryan 12). However, before water is supplied into the households, it is normally treated under high standards of care, conforming to state and federal water regulations. In the initial steps, water is treated by ozone bubbles derived from oxygen, and later, chloramines are added to prevent any contamination because the water travels long distances before final consumption. Alkalinity and acidity are later checked through the addition of sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide which also ensures there is no probability of a metallic substance (from domestic plumbing) dissolving in the water. Fluoride is later added to improve consumers’ teeth (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority 6). Piping and Pressurization After treatment, water is pressurized through elevation of the reser
Summary Since the terrorist attack of 9/11, there have been major improvements in measures aimed at improving airport and aviation security. The improvements have majorly been successful due to technology and the continuous advancement in the sector. The 9/11 incident was a wake-up call to the US and the world in general on how they need to handle and approach aviation security. It is, therefore, significant to posit that many aviation organizations and other stakeholders in the field need to come with more measures that aim at improving aviation. The research hence seeks how technology can impact aviation security and also how human skills can be significant in aviation security. In the present day, every segment of the airline industry is controlled by technology. According to reports, airlines were among the early adopters of technology. This has led to the creation of a dependency on technology by airlines to the extent that few aviation organizations can manage to function without the help of technology. The two sectors are interconnected in a way that ensures mutual and smooth interdependence among individuals. This has made it possible for airlines to understand the need of having proper information and communication technology systems that aid in work and realization of efficiency in operations. For the aviation players to also remain relevant in the industry, they need updated technologies that are not in operation by competitors as a way of staying ahead of the pack. With the increase in the number of airlines, passengers, and other aviation players, security becomes a very significant factor. It is the role of everyone in the aviation industry to find out the best way of using technology to help solve the challenge of aviation security. In addition, the current challenge of the pandemic also possesses a significant risk to the security of the passengers. Aviation industries are finding out how they can use technology in reducing the risk of exposure of passengers to the COVID-19 virus. This has led to innovation in the field of computer reservation systems, web check-in, car rentals, hotel booking, and others. The passengers, therefore, do not need to perform all these functions by themselves. Such advancements can also become applicable in the event of the unavailability of Covid-19. Through technology, aviation players are also able to ensure there is the coordination of services in the airport between airlines, pilots, and ground staff, among others. Such measures can be applied at the airport immigration, civil aviation authorities, air traffic control, customs, and others. If proper security measures are in place, with the aid of technology, there can be a proper flow of services, goods, and people without a lot of interruption. This paper, thus, seeks to find out the effect of technology on aviation security and the usefulness of human skills in aviation security. It finds out how humans can be less dependent on technology and if there are ways that
Industrial authority and its improvement in Hong Kong on a review on relative industrial authority are the paper’s title to be critiqued in this critique. It is an article on corporate governance authored by Bryane Michael and S.H. Goo. The authors of the article have reviewed the developments in Hong Kong in company governance. As the discipline of corporate governance narrows, much empirical observation checks the very characteristics of company governance (Michael & Goo, 2015). Policy- and legal-related policies look at the normative corporate governance reform issues yet reasoning about corporate governance in itself as a matter involves having a look at the refinement at the country level. The stance here is true regarding thinking about corporate governance at the country level as this involves consideration of every individual in that particular country. This paper and critique focus on the strengths and weaknesses of corporate governance concerning business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The background of this article is all about corporate governance concerning the entire country. Its purpose is to find out to what degree the experience of Hong Kong proves or disapproves theories from company governance for various issues and concerns. These issues include; executive compensation, ownership of the family, self-dealing, and concentration in Hong Kong, among others. Corporate governance emerges to be the main idea of this article. Being the argument of the article, the authors review the corporate government on its recent developments in Hong Kong as a key place in the USA. They have viewed it on various dimensions like the degree of family control, self-benefit harms, and feasible results of shareholder’s attentiveness on company authority execution. The authors have organized their study in some manner to enhance understandability and the information flow in some different sections. They have provided an outline of the company governance in Hong Kong, and also show how better corporate governance in Hong Kong at least correlates with higher share price premiere in one section (Michael & Goo, 2015). Another section shows an outline of crucial company governance from outside the United States and how to handle the socially disastrous household dominance of outlined corporations. Another segment is the third which deals with the self-advantage of an organizational position between connected parties. In this case, for instance, a late study of the economic wave has considered the role of such self-benefit on share-holder values and the company performance, yet nobody has looked at the fit of such self-benefit to the picture of the wider company governance. The fourth section focus on the intensive shareholdings and thei
The demonization of Israel in the Islamic world has been well documented by web sites such as MEMRI, the Middle Eastern Media Research Institute which translates many articles from Arabic, Turkish and Farsi into English so that the West will know what is being said in those far-away countries. In doing so, MEMRI opened a Pandora’s box of anti-Semitism: on Hamas TV a drama portrayed Jews as blood drinkers (SD 2308), and also on Hamas TV the Friday sermon cites the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, calls on the faithful to annihilate the Jews and compares Jews to dogs (SD 2310). In Saudi Arabia clerics teach children to hate the Jews (SD 2310). In Egypt a sheikh charged that Jews infect food with cancer and ship it to Muslim countries (SD 2259), and another calls for a jihad against the Jews, who are devils in human form (SD 2254). Mahmoud Ahmadinejad says that to question the Holocaust is to cut the “vital arteries of the Zionist regime” (SD 2221). An Egyptian cleric says Israeli president Simon Peres has a helmet filled with the dried blood of Egyptian POWs he murdered in 1967, and repeats the widely believed idea that Jews are the sons of apes and pigs (SD 2198). Then there is the blood libel, which has Jews slaughtering Christians to use their blood for matzos (SD 1453), and so on. The extreme anti-Israel propaganda of the Middle East has filtered into the Western media, although in a greatly diluted form. A good example of anti-Semitic demagoguery was provided by British Member of Parliament George Galloway while being interviewed by SkyNews reporter, Anna Botting in July, 2006. The subject was Israel’s invasion of Lebanon in retaliation against Hezbollah attacks. During the interview the screen was split into three parts, a Google Earth map at the bottom, with scenes from Lebanon and Galloway’s image above. While one screen showed Israeli soldiers carrying wounded comrades to an ambulance, Botting introduced Galloway and posed her first question. Both were denounced by Galloway as “preposterous,” which was his way of establishing his dominant position in the interview. He was dressed in an open-necked black shirt and black jacket for effect, and held his head back as if to say he couldn’