ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Credit reports have been applied in many organizations across the US to make hiring decisions. However, it creates a barrier to accessing jobs and limits organizations’ ability to recruit the most talented and experienced employees. This paper discusses the reasons as to why credit reports should be considered irrelevant in making hiring decision. Introduction There are various opinions coming from different stakeholders on how to get people back to work given the high levels of unemployment and job cutbacks. There is a general consensus that more jobs should be created and barriers to accessing these jobs need to be done away with. As a result, the selection process applied by the employers and organizations to determine the suitability of potential employees for various positions, have come under scrutiny. Stakeholders are debating on how to provide solutions to restrictions that limit individual’s ability to obtain jobs by defining what should and what should not be considered when it comes to recruiting employees. The use of credit reports is one issue that needs to be reviewed considering the current economic environment. The use of credit reports involves reviewing credit files of potential employees during recruitment; however, there are many issues on compliance, appropriateness and legal perspectives of their use. Consequently, the question that is still debated remains whether having bad credit makes an individual a bad worker or whether having a good credit report guarantees best performance? I would say no. Having more than ten years or over with good credit in any industry does not guarantee an individual’s proficiency or excellent performance of tasks. There are several reasons as to why credit reports should be irrelevant to hiring decisions. Credit reports cause discrimination Credit reports are founded on the premise that there are normally bad credits whenever employers or selection panels are evaluating employment credit reports. In reality, employment credit reports unlike other credit reports used for other purposes such as for loans and mortgages have no score associated with them. An employment credit report only provides history of the individual’s payments as well as debt levels plus a list of public records which include bankruptcies, liens as well as judgments. When an employer or selection team reviews an individual’s credit report, the aim should be to conduct a background check of the individual concerning the job and not separate good workers from presumed bad workers in terms of their credit reports. Employers and selection teams normally conduct screening of potential workers to manage risks associated with the organization’s performance so as to make informed decisions during the selection process. However, most of the information contained in credit reports are not related to the applicant’s job or expected performance, meaning that in most cases, credit reports do not help selection panels and employers in making hiring decisi
Primary sources are critically important in studying history, specifically those periods that the living people cannot remember. These sources can include various artifacts, documents, recordings, diary entries, and manuscripts created at the time period under investigation. Different primary sources allow the following generations to understand what happened before better. This essay will discuss excerpts from primary source writings on slavery in Ancient Greece dated back to approximately 750 – 330 BCE. The passages will be examined and evaluated better understand the social and cultural history of the period and learn more about the social order in Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece was a civilization where slavery was widespread, with Greeks viewing slaves as the property of their masters. Internet History Sourcebooks Project (2021) offers five excerpts from the works of prominent Greek thinkers on slavery and its place in Greek society. Specifically, the writings of Hesiod, Strabo, Antiphon, Demosthenes, and Aristotle are presented (Internet History Sourcebooks Project, 2021). For instance, Hesiod’s Works and Days , written in 750 BCE, depicts the necessity of slaves for labor, particularly farm labor (Internet History Sourcebooks Project, 2021). It can be argued that the source is aimed at the lower-class citizens, who would not be able to survive without reaping a plentiful harvest. It is evident from the writing that both men and women could be purchased as slaves to work on the land of the slave owner. In addition, the excerpt suggests that a female slave should not be viewed as a wife, possibly restricting sexual relationships between slaves and free men (Internet History Sourcebooks Project, 2021). Overall, in Ancient Greece, slaves were necessary for the survival of landowners. Other primary sources reflect different aspects of slavery in Ancient Greece. Thus, Strabo’s Geographia , written in approximately 20 A.D., illustrates how the wealth of the city was measured in slaves (Internet History Sourcebooks Project, 2021). Written later than other primary sources, Geographia was intended as a descriptive history. Strabo notes that the temple of Aphrodite in Corinth was exceptionally wealthy and could afford to own over a thousand slaves employed as prostitutes at the temple (Internet History Sourcebooks Project, 2021). T
She had lived a rather lonely life during her childhood and teenage. When she was nearing adulthood, the boys did not seem to notice her. All her girlfriends were barely mature when they started dating but for Amy, she never seemed to be the lucky type. All the boys she eyed in high school were too busy chasing other girls and they did not have time to even say hello to her. It was a frustrating life for her as she was always interested in being the outgoing girl. Then as she approached twenties, her body started to shape up gracefully. She knew it would` be a good decade for her as she hoped to get married by the age of thirty. Then the boys in her neighborhood started to give her the attention she considered to be long overdue. One of them, Davies, was strikingly handsome and she could not resist him. She thus gave in to his demands and became his girlfriend. The relationship was like a treasure to her. She never wanted to lose Davies who they communicated virtually ten times a day. He made several calls and sent her at least a text message a day, which kept the love fire burning. They were also communicating through emails and through social networks, her favorite being facebook. From the look of things, she knew they were destined to be as they were always happy together and they loved each other. Then the misfortunes started to happen. She did not know what the synchrony of the misfortunes meant but she knew that the good old days when she used to be the unfortunate girl had come to haunt her. First it was her mother and her phone and then followed the facebook craze that almost made her lose her life. She had forgotten her phone in the sitting room as she chatted away one afternoon with her friend Hellen. As she cleaned the house, her mother came across the phone in the couch and started browsing her text messages. Then suddenly she heard a furious voice calling her to the sitting room. At first it was difficult to figure out what had made her mother that angry but once she saw her phone with her mother she was convinced that the anger had something to do with Davies. “Who is this boy sending you such perverse messages … and who told you to be in a relationship at nineteen?” By this, she knew she was busted. She could in no way explain her relationship with Davies to her mother who was hardly the understanding type. She just kept her silence as her mother gave her stern warning on how she had to stop the relationship and cease communicating with her boyfriend. After the confrontation, she did not know what to do. She could stop communicating with Davies on the phone and be contacting him by email or on facebook but he was a neighbor and thus her mother would definitely know if the relationship did not end. She was so frustrated that she decided to teach her mother a lesson. Her mother was not so familiar w
Introduction In the modern world, various problems occur and require contemporary, thoughtful, and even risky solutions. One of the issues that farmers and scientists have to face is the growth of people’s demand for fish and the inability of the fishing grounds to meet it. The reason is that they are already depleted to such an extent that their future viability is at risk. Surprisingly, biologists have come up with a modern idea and developed GM fish that may appear to be a great replacement for the regular one. However, there are some doubts and problems with this project since it is a relatively new scientific approach that many people are not ready for and are suspicious of. The purpose of this paper is to discuss AquaAdvantage Salmon and the facts and questions related to this fish. Differences Between AquaAdvantage Salmon and Wild Caught Salmon Undoubtedly, there are certain differences between AquaAdvantage and wild-caught salmon that make a great number of people be against genetically modified fish. First of all, it is necessary to describe these two groups and compare them. Generally, a random person would probably not be able to differentiate between a GM and a normal fish. They look similar, and, as some people may imagine, AquaAdvantage salmon does not have two heads or more eyes than conventional Atlantic salmon. However, they differ in a number of traits, including gene transcription, physiology, behavior, life history, morphology growth, and molecular‐genetic polymorphisms (Glover et al., 2017). The average length for both transgenic and non-transgenic Atlantic salmon is 70 to 75cm, and the average weight is 3.5 to 5.5 kg (Knepp, n.d.). The main difference between them is the time they need to grow to their market size. It is rather interesting that for the inserted growth hormone gene to work properly, the fish need to have access to food. If juvenile AquaAdvantage salmon are fed to satiation, they can grow almost three times longer than conventional ones (Bondar, 2019). However, with growing faster, they do not also grow larger overall (Bondar, 2019). Thus, adult conventional Atlantic salmon and AquaAdvantage salmon are the same size, though GM fish needs less food to grow to it. Genetically modified fish is growing really fast; it takes AquaAdvantage salmon approximately sixteen to eighteen months to achieve the market weight. At the same time, conventional Atlantic salmon needs thirty-two to thirty-six months, which is exactly twice as long (McCarthy, 2011). Therefore, in the same period of time, it becomes possible to create twice as much GM salmon as to catch conventional Atlantic ones. This is what allows to signif
The major concern of the US healthcare sector is the gradual improvement of the health of the nation via the elimination of the main causes for the deterioration of people’s state and education that might help individuals to engage in healthy behaviors. However, despite this focus, there are still many issues that should be solved because of their negative impact on the state of populations. For instance, in accordance with the latest statistics, Zika virus is taken as one of the dangerous pathogens that might result in critical consequences (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). The situation is complex, as in the USA there are cases of this disease, which means that there is a fundamental need for the introduction of an appropriate prevention program that will help to improve the situation, reduce the incidence, and guarantee that no similar cases will appear in future. Under these conditions, community education and prevention program should be taken as a potent tool to improve the health of communities. A critical part of education is the improved understanding of the background of the problem and why it remains topical. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a dangerous pathogen that is spread by daytime-active mosquitoes (WHO, 2018). Since its discovery in 1947, ZIKV has turned into a serious threat to global health, and today, the epidemic can be noted (WHO, 2018). The central problems associated with the virus is dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and other complications associated with alterations of body temperature (WHO, 2018). Additionally, the ZIKV can be transmitted through sexual contacts and bold transfusions (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). It can precondition the appearance of multiple undesired effects and be dangerous to pregnant women. For this reason, the main aspects of community education should include the emphasis on these factors and the provision of information to members in ethical and understandable ways. The first and the most important principle of healthcare ethics that should be allied regarding the situation is autonomy. It states that all offered procedure
The value of the natural world has always been the subject of heated debate. Possessing the ability to think critically, human beings have introduced multiple ideas and concepts to describe numerous phenomena that can be met in the universe. The need for the given evaluation is explained by the fact that cogitative creatures need their own moral value system to speak about particular aspects and discuss them. At the moment, people are the only known living beings that can think critically and give definitions to objects. In such a way, the question of whether a value exists just because of people remains topical. This question is reflected in opposition to anthropocentrism versus heliocentrism. The former states that the world is interpreted in terms of human experiences and their attitudes (Watson, 1983). At the same time, heliocentrism assumes that not only people but all sentient individuals create value while the rest of the material world is only of instrumental importance (Mill, 1904). In this regard, the opposition between these philosophical ideas is critical for the modern world. As for me, I am a sentient valuer. The fact is that anthropocentrism has
Introduction Quality management refers to an organization-wide strategy that enables managers to understand customers’ needs and to consistently design solutions in a manner that is cost-effective, timely, and has minimal harmful effects to the society. Effective quality management involves four processes namely, planning, control, assurance and consistent improvements. Quality management focuses on services or products, as well as, business processes. In the modern business environment, quality management is considered to be one of the best strategies for improving the competitiveness of a business. This is because it facilitates innovation, customer satisfaction and efficiency in production. In the last two decades, most businesses have embarked on implementing quality management strategies in order to overcome competition in their industries. This paper discuses the concept of quality management in the context of the hospitality industry. Concisely, it will analyze the Procini’s Pronto case study. The analysis will focus on the company’s approach to customer feedback, competitive advantage and growth opportunities. The Company’s Approach to Customer Feedback Procini’s is a full-service restaurant chain that operates mainly in the US. Thus, it is a business that focuses on the provision of personal services. A service refers to an experience that is not only intangible, but also time-perishable. The experience is enjoyed by a customer who plays the role of a co-producer. The objective or role of services in an economy is three fold. First, personal services are produced to satisfy specific needs of the citizens. For example, Procini’s sells food to customers who are travelling to various destinations. Second, provision of services is one of the major sources of employment. Third, provision of services facilitates economic development. Procini’s intends to improve the quality of its services by obtaining feedback from its customers concerning the quality of its products. An effective quality management system focuses on customers’ needs. The business must understand the current and future needs of its customers. Conducting a market research is one of the methods of obtaining feedback from customers. At Procini’s, market research helped the managers to understand customers’ tastes and preferences. For ex
There is no use denying the fact that communication is a very important part of human relations. It helps to share some feelings and emotions and discuss some problems in order to find good solutions. That is why, sharing personal information is extremely important for the development of professional relations. Under these conditions, it is also vital to understand main factors which influence the character of conversation between people and the way in which this influence is manifested. There is no use denying the fact that the greater number of common interests people have, the more lively conversation can be. In other words, if the information, which is going to be shared, is interesting for all interlocutors, communication will be more productive. Additionally, there is a great number of other factors which also influence interpersonal relations and disclosure. These factors are age, social status and gender. There is no use denying the fact that it will be easier to organize communication between representatives of the same sex, age and status because they will have more common interests and as a result the level of trust will be higher. However, one more fact, which influences communication and disclosure, should be mentioned. It is the environment and conditions under which communication takes place. In other words, comfortable environment and favorable conditions can lead
The church in Rome was just one of the many churches that were all over the Roman Empire. In 70 AD, however, the destruction of Jerusalem by the army of Titus meant that Rome was the new political as well as cultural capital of the empire. Since many roads led to Rome and many people travelled there was a concentration of cultures and more so missionaries to a point where Christianity adopted Rome as its home base after the destruction of Jerusalem. This led to the growth of the roman church which warranted its respect especially due to its moral and doctrinal probity. This strengthened its influence on the political class to a point where emperors like Constantine adopted Christianity and professed the faith openly. This led to the church, which had lived as a lonely entity outside the ruling class, enjoyed an imperial embrace. With the moving of the roman political capital to Constantinople by the emperor Constantine, the bishop was left in Rome 1 . The bishop of Rome took over the title of the Pope due to the influence that the church had on the leadership of Rome at the time. After the Roman Empire fell to the barbarians in 455 AD, the power of the bishop in Rome had grown immensely so as to fill the vacuum of leadership that was left. The church became the defender of order as well as the provider of justice. With the invasions that were rampant all over the empire, which marked the end of the pax romana, the unity and stability of the people had been shattered and it was upon the church to restore this sense of unity and stability as well as the confidence of the people. Pope Leo the Great was of particular importance in the rise of papacy as he not only convinced the barbarians not to destroy the city of Rome, he also coaxed the emperor Valentinian into recognizing the authority of the bishop of Rome officially which led to the issuance of an edict by the emperor that proclaimed the papal supremacy of the bishop. The reason behind the strength of the papacy in Rome lies in the nature of its authority. The first issues that were raised in regard to the authority of the Pope, was the suggestion that the bishop of Rome was a direct successor of St. Peter. This was later followed by the fact that Jesus had given St. Peter authority over the whole Christian church hence his successor also had to exercise authority over the church. Siriciuos was the first to impose the name Pope on himself and he served the church between 384 AD and 399 AD. He was also the first to issue a ruling that had a binding legal precedent on church dispute. This made the title of the Pope to be associated with supreme ecclesiastical authority, which held pastoral guidance over all the churches and Christians in general. Before Siricious, Damasus I had already been recognized by the roman authority in Constantinople when the heresies of Apollinarianism as well as Arianism were condemned by the roman authorities after he had condemned them. He had also commissioned the use of the Latin Vulgate in the translation of the Bible and this was followed throughout the following cent
Summary Chapter six of the book Handbook of Diversity in Parent Education: The Changing Faces of Parenting and Parent Education, titled ‘A Psychoeducational Program for Parents of Dysfunctional Backgrounds’ presents how the dysfunctional behavior in families can be reduced and managed by increased making the parents aware of their behavior through psychological therapy as well as education-based programs. It takes into account the literature available on the application of psychotherapy and psycho-education in terms of educating people about their past and how it influences their actions in the future in the adult roles and as parents in a household. The chapter states that the parents in their adult roles tend to convert their experiences as a child as well as the frustrations as children into the adult roles as [parents fuelling aggression and violence in their families. Strengths The strength of the article that has been identified is that the Fine author bases the concept of psycho-education as a treatment for reducing violent and discrepant behavior in families on empirical researches and their findings. This lends credibility as well as strength to the recommendations presented by the author as it is clearly depicted that the recommendations made have been determined after careful observation, research, and analysis of theoretical literature and concepts as well as practical results gathered through empirical studies. Weaknesses The weakness of the concept of Psycho-educational Program for Parents of Dysfunctional Backgrounds, as depicted by Fine in his book, is that the proposed solution of psycho-education can aid in reducing the violence in families and its effect on the upbringing of children of dysfunctional households to a certain extent only. Other elements like the nature of the parents and the children, as well as the influence of the peers and the surrounding environment, also have to be taken into account. Degree of Generalization The concept presented by Fine to make reduce violent behavior in dysfunctional families through psycho-education can be generalized to those segments of the population that are open to psychological treatment and therapies. In communities and regions where there is no concept of family counseling, the concept and practice of psycho-education cannot work, as depicted in the book by Fine.