ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Use Case of Withdrawal The use case is depicting the associated activities related to the money withdrawal of a bank client from an ATM. Before withdrawing money from an ATM, certain conditions must be fulfilled; and the conditions are: the customer has an ATM card with him, the network connection of bank system is active, the ATM must contain a withdrawable amount of cash, and the ATM has an option for withdrawing money. When a person goes to an ATM booth to withdraw cash, the following events are most likely to happen. First, the customer has to insert his/her bank card into the card reader of the ATM. Once the customer’s bank card is in the system, it distributes a session code as a reference for forthcoming uses for identifying system errors (if there are any), the code is synchronized with the bank system. The system reads the card information and then matches it with the pre-stored information in the system. Once the match is found, the system authenticates the customer by displaying a set of service options to the customer. When the service options are available, the customer has to select the option “withdraw cash”. As the cash withdrawal button is pressed by the customer, the system displays a number of standard withdrawal amounts along with an option to input a customized amount. Then the customer selects an amount to withdraw and requests withdrawal pressing the confirmation button. Upon receipt of the withdrawal confirmation, the system matches the available cash with the requested amount, if the system finds sufficient cash to dispense, it starts performing the withdrawal. The system discharges the customer’s card, and when the customer collects the bank card, the system then hands out the requested amount of cash to the customer. After that, the system distributes a receipt to the customer and creates a transaction log entry of the withdrawal. Under some specific situations, the above-mentioned use case might not work as stated, sometimes there could be a failure of the system. [See chart 1]. One of the alternate processes can be initiated in the customer authentication process. When the customer authentication process starts, the system validates the card information by communicating with the bank system through the internal network connection. Sometimes, the ATM fails to get connected with the bank server, and the system fails to substantiate the customer, and it ends the withdrawal request. Also, the system might fail to authenticate the customer due to an inactive bank card and an inactive account. In case of a stolen card, incorrect PIN, and invalid card information, the ATM confiscates the card and captures a ten seconds video of the person. After that, the system informs the customer that the card has been confiscated, and he or she should contact their bank regarding this situation. The system creates an event log entry to keep the customer’s information an
Abstract Company background One of the key mission statements of FedEx International is provision of a mutual understanding and rewarding relationship among employees and potential clients. They guarantee safety measures through proper installation of the firm’s operations and this is equally a vital aspect of ensuring employees motivation. The other mission of the company entails conducting all the corporate activities to the highest professional and ethical standards, by ensuring all the services or good are of the best quality. This calls for open participation especially among the employees. For this reason, another motivational technique entails employees’ participation in decision-making procedures (FedEx, 2010, p.1). The decentralized form of decision-making strategies involves the employees, thus ensuring even participation and contributions based on the department or working environment. Employees are motivated to ensuring they meet the standards they have set for themselves. This means that the employees are empowered to share a sense of urgency to serving customers. FedEx Inc is able to combine various motivational techniques by assuring innovations and embracing technological dynamics as important elements and long-term strategies for providi
Freakonomics has raised questions concerning parenting role in predicting the future of the child. It would be a question of challenge for the parenting counselors and researchers who have managed to understand the concept of parenting and its concern with the fact that parenting is directly proportional to the child’s intelligent future. The gene of parents has been considered by the authors of Freakonomics as the basis of best prediction of children future. But it shall also be noted that the child’s future can be made better if parents appoint the right technique. Freakonomics is a book that talks about life long processes that cannot at all be considered as quantifiable. The book is irrelevant and humorous for people who are being targeted by the author. The claim that has been extracted for the focus states that parenting cannot alone predict the future of a child and that the genes of parents can best predict the future. Economists Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner suggests that parenting have become the most widely talked about issue in the world today but in no way parenting can be able to guarantee a smart and intelligent future of a child. The economists have claimed that the genes of parents can help in predicting the future of children. The authors have rejected the idea that parenting alone can do wonders in predicting intelligent future of children by noting some of the examples in the course of the chapter of their book (DiNardo, Freakonomics: Scholarship in the Service of Storytelling). It is evident from the tone of the writers in the book that they are not able to stress on their own pointer. Claiming that parents cannot yield better future of the children just through actions is a very biased view. The biased claim by the author has been backed up by another statement that children can grow intelligent if their parents are intelligent. The authors have provided several examples from the
A Review of the Epidemiological Literature Supporting the Association of Cigarette Smoking and PD The relationship between cigarette smoking and Parkinson’s disease has been demonstrated by several studies. For example, Breckenridge, Berry, Chang, Sielken, and Mandel (2016) have shown that there is a reduced risk of PD in cigarette smoking compared to exposure to farm chemicals. Van Der Mark et al. (2014) show that the protective effect of cigarette smoking against PD reduces over time following smoking cessation. A Rationale for Such a Study on Nicotine and PD Evidence from the literature shows that there is an inverse association between cigarette smoking and PD (Nielsen, Franklin, Longstreth, Swanson, & Checkoway, 2013). These observations are attributed to the chemical constituents of tobacco including nicotine, which is the major component of tobacco (Yuncai, Ling, Zhaomei, Furong, & Yuping, 2014). However, it is uncertain whether nicotine or other chemical constituents in cigarettes contribute to the protective effects. Parkinson’s disease is incurable and causes irreversible damage to the nervous system (Bennouar et al., 2013). Additionally, Parkinson’s disease is associated with symptoms such as insomnia, anosmia, poor balance, anxiety, and loss of memory, which reduce the quality of the lives of the affected people significantly (Weintraub, Papay, Siderowf, & Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative, 2013). Therefore, given the knowledge that cigarette smoking protects against the disease (Liu et al., 2015), it is necessary to determine the validity of these observations by finding the precise relationship between nicotine and PD. Confirming that nicotine is responsible for the protective effects will guide the development of vaccines against PD. The Design of Potential Studies to Address this Question An Experimental Approach An experimental approach would involve the use of mice as animal models. Mice have been used extensively in the development of therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease. Two groups of mice would be used with a minimum of 8 mice per group. The study would use a classic toxic approach to test the therapeutic effects of nicotine in counteracting PD-associated cell death (Blandini & Armentero, 2012). One group would be treated with nicotine while the other would act as the negative control. Thereafter, Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxins such as N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine would be used to induce the disease in both groups (Le, Sayana, & Jankovic, 2014). This chemical can reproduce most of the pathological and phenotypic characteristics of Parkinson’s disease in mammals. The protective effect of nicotine would be established by observing the magnitude of the disease symptoms in both groups. An Epidemiological Approach An epidemiological approach would involve the recruitment of two groups of study participants: smokers and non-smokers. The appropriate age group would consist of people between the ages of 50 and 65. Though PD has been reported to affect adults above the age of 65, several cases have
Introduction Rhetoric was the inherent part of the education in ancient Greece. In the ancient world, without the contemporary mass media, the ability to affect people by means of the words sometimes was the determinative factor. In hands of the practiced orator, the art of rhetoric became a serious weapon, stimulating the humans mind and feelings, serving sometimes to the good deeds, sometimes to the ugly affairs. The development of rhetoric in ancient Greece was stimulated by the sophism study. As a system of philosophy, the sophism denied the objective reality, doubting the ability of veracious perception of the truth. Doubting the existence of the reliable criteria of seeking the truth, the sophistic paid more attention to a more accessible object of cognition – to the human, to the humans mind, and to the humans spirit. The definition of the rhetoric by Socrates and by Gorgios The nature of rhetoric, and its understanding by the contemporaries, is convincingly demonstrated in Platos Gorgias . This dialogue is a vivid example of the ancient way of seeking the truth. Gorgias was born in Sicily, the place with very strong rhetoric traditions. Though his views were rather similar to the sophistic study, Gorgias was considered to be a pure rhetorician, rather than a sophist (Dodds 7). Socrates was a very famous person in ancient Athens, where he had spent practically all his life. Being a simple stonemason, he participated in government affairs and offered advises to the statesmen. His favorite way of knowing was the dialogue, and the questioning with anyone, who wanted to converse with him. Finally
Introduction Located in the Qubbat As-Sakhrah Shrine, the Dome of the Rock is one of the most significant pieces of architecture that dominates the skyline in Jerusalem, Israel. It is an Islamic architectural work that symbolizes the religious significance of Jerusalem. Over the centuries, the Dome has remained a controversial shrine claimed by Jews, Muslims and Christians. Purpose of analysis The Dome of the Rock remains one of the most important and significant objects within the skyline of Jerusalem. In addition to its historical, religious, cultural and economic importance of the building, the artistic and architectural designs are worth analysis. The golden gilt dome, the magnificent stone-paved platform and the quality forms and expression of the structure have attracted my attention, which has motivated me to review its architectural and artistic designs. History of the Dome of the Rock Historically, the Dome of the Rock is an important religious and cultural object in the Middle East, especially to the Jews and Palestinians. The actual date of construction of the Dome is believed to be between 685 and 692 AD. The Muslim Persians invaded and put Jerusalem under siege during their crusades. The Persian leader at the time was Umayyad Caliph Ad al-Malik, who invaded various towns in the region, erecting Islamic monuments as a sign of his conquest (Creswell, 2000). However, the Jews believe that the Dome stands on the exact site of the Temple Mount, a sacred shrine in traditional Judaism. In addition, they claim that the location was also the center of the old Temple built by King Solomon in the biblical times. It is also worth noting that Christians consider the location as one of their holiest places on earth because Jesus had performed various miracles and teachings in the old temple. During the Byzantine era, the dome came under the control of Christian crusaders after they drove away Muslims from Jerusalem. In 1099, the crusaders gave the Dome of the Rock to the Augustine Christians as a church. However, the Maluks and Ayyubid Muslims recaptured the Dome from Christian groups in 1187 (Creswell, 2000). They turned it into a holy Muslim shrine. For instance, he replaced the Christian cross with a crescent and placed a wooden screen around the rock below the Dome. In addition, other reconstructions were done to fit the Islamic system, including a porch that was added in 1189 (Creswell, 2000). After the British colonized Palestine, they considered it a Muslim object of faith and allowed the dome to remain under the Muslims. However, the building was destroyed during an earthquake in July 1927 (Creswell, 2000). In addition, it temporarily became under the Jews after the Six-Day War but later returned to the Muslim ‘warqf’. Since then, it has remained under the Muslims, but both Jews and Christians still claim it as a holy place. Analysis of artistic and architectural design of the dome
Introduction: Defining Knowledge Management Knowledge is one of the critical assets in any company, and its effective management is a necessary competency for creating competitive advantages and differentiation. In general, effective knowledge management (KM) system offers a right balance and smooth functioning among its key components which include people, processes, and technologies working together to disseminate both tacit and explicit pieces of information across the organization (Omotayo 4). It can be regarded as an essential strategic management instrument helping to manage “the collective information expertise” of employees at all corporate levels in order to achieve success in each of the planned business endeavors (Omotayo 12). It is valid to assert that the role of KM is particularly significant in project-based organizations (PBOs) because their work structure and format imply the development of temporary systems that merge both existing and new knowledge for achieving particular goals. Therefore, the manner in which a KM system is functioning in the PBO will define the level of responsiveness among project teams and leaders, the speed of knowledge transfer, and the overall quality of project performance Bob Gold & Associates as a Project-based Organization Bob Gold & Associates is an example of a PBO that conducts a plethora of its activities in a temporary project mode. It offers a wide range of public relation (PR) services including branding, product promotion, market analysis, advertising, and so forth. The company is based in the United States but works with clients across the globe. Therefore, to ensure business sustainability and maximize the quality and cost-effectiveness of its projects, Bob Gold & Associates should integrate KM into its project development activities because every future endeavor in the PBO will always be based on the maintenance and improvement of current knowledge (Loufrani-Fedida et al. 7). To do so, the company must implement the tool aimed to overcome major obstacles to effective KM: benchmarking. For this reason, this work has a purpose to define benchmarking and clarify which benefits the application of a benchmarking cycles van induce for Bob Gold & Associates. Defining Benchmarking Benchmarking is an efficient process contributing to better KM and supporting employee and organizational learning. It is defined as “the search for organizations best practices that lead to superior performance” and presents “continuous, systematic monitoring and evaluation of how well and effectively the enterprise carries out the service or produce the product, as compared with enterprises that produce best practices” (Jetmarová 2). In other words, benchmarking implies research on business competitiveness with a focus on the identification of weaknesses and needs for improvement. Additionally, this comparative study tool aims to clarify which activities must be performed to add customer value and which of them are the
Motivation is the power that makes the employees do the job: this is a consequence of the personal requirements being satisfied so that people have the motivation to accomplish the task. These requirements vary from person to person as everyone has their personal requirements to encourage themselves. Depending on how people are inspired, it may further conclude the attempt which is put into the work and therefore augment the standard of the productivity. When factors that define the motivation of employees in the workplace are offered, almost everybody would instantly think of a high salary. This reply is correct for the reason that some workers will be motivated by money, but typically wrong for the cause that it does not gratify others (to a final extent). This keeps the notion that human inspiration and encouragement is a personal feature, and not a one fits all option. Motivation can have a consequence on the output of the business and relates both quantity and quality. It may be regarded as the following: the business relies greatly on the competence of your manufacturing staff to make sure that produces are manufactured in numbers that correspond to the weekly demand. If these workers lack the motivation to manufacture completed products to meet the demand, then company management faces a problem leading to catastrophic consequences. The amount of scenarios is tremendous but the general image is clear. The employees are the supreme advantage and no matter how proficient the technology and tools may be, it is no equivalent to the efficiency and competence of the staff.
Introduction Democracy gives individuals and institutions the power to make decisions for the public. There is no way the views of all citizens can be addressed in national forums unless they have representatives. Most nations have three powerful arms of government that include the executive, congress and judiciary (Shulman 2006). This essay presents an evaluation of the presidential and congressional decision making processes and addresses their differences, effectiveness and current and future plans to make them work properly. Similarities and Differences Characteristics The presidential form of decision making is characterized by various factors that include the following. First, this decision is made by an individual and the views presented to the public are perceived to be from the president. This makes it easy for people to evaluate the attitude, perception and reaction of their presidents towards issues of national importance (Spillane 2014). Therefore, it is necessary to explain that people will perceive their presidents to be good or bad depending on how they make decisions. The source of their decisions is deemed to be their personality or stand on various issues. This means that if a president makes a wrong decision the public will judge him or her and not any other person or body. The congressional decision making process is made by a group of elected and nominated political leaders (Tan 2011). These members may be parliamentarians or senators and both groups have the right of making decisions for the public. No individual is responsible for making decisions because there is the need for most members to be present to pass a resolution (Pomeranz 1998). Therefore, when a bad decision is passed in parliament the public will not blame one person for making it. The responsibility of blame will be on all the members of parliament that were present or absent during the passing of a bill. The decisions of this house are perceived to be the positions taken by most members of parliament and senators. Secondly, the congress is a representation of various political parties and thus the decision and votes of every member is deemed to be the standpoint of a political party or constituency. There is the need to understand that congress members are elected by their people and others nominated by political parties. Therefore, they represent their constituents or political parties and this means that their decisions must reflect the needs of these two entities (Subhash 2009). The congress constitutes members from different regions and political parties and the decisions made are usually in favor of the needs of a political party or constituents of a member of parliament. It is necessary to explain that sometimes members of parliament may be forced to support decisions that do not reflect the interests of their co
Introduction Adult education is a dynamic topic at this time because of the continuous global changing in every sector of society from the individual behavior of a person to the technological evaluation. Though the change is so complex so it needs to be accommodated by the community members, which is possible by general education (education from childhood). But the problem is that, the persons who didn’t take education from their childhood, how they will accommodate with the changing world. For solving this problem the topic “Adult Education” is arisen with a great possibility. But it needs to be researched on adult education to a wide extent. The objective of the Research The main objective of the research is to search the necessity of adult education based on some basic questions regarding adult education. What are-   * What is the origin of adult education?   * Actually, who is an adult and what is adult education?   * With what purpose adult education is going on?   * What are the areas/fields of adult education?   * Why adult education is significant (to its wide extent)?   * What are the weaknesses of the present adult education system and how these weaknesses can be removed?   * What types of institutions are engaged with adult education? The study has been accomplished the research by analyzing the above questions and am going to furnish the research result. Literature Review   * (Lovett, Clarke and Kilmurray, 1983). The writers described the necessity of Adult Education and community education for Community Action and Social Change; also describe the impact of this learning on trade unions and the labor movements.   * (Davis and McCallon, 1974). The writers assessed the needs of learning and specified learning objectives emphasizing terminal objectives, also selected the resources for learning of adult education.   * (UNESCO, 1949). The UNESCO explained the concept the adult education in comparison with primary education and exemplified the significance of adult education with perpetual motion, also described the impact of adult education on the crisis of civilization.   * (Allen and Bass, 1930). The writers insisted on the Evening Industrial School for vocational education, unit courses and training for the industrial workers.   * (Coles, 1969). In this book, the writer described the aims and purposes of adult education of developing countries and engaged agencies for providing several programs.   * (Miller, 1964). The writer described Adult Education from several special perspectives for significant behavioral changes.   * (Grattan, 1955). The writer described the Definition and Implications of vocational education and how Proliferate Man Leads the Way of adult education and the comments of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Origin of Adult Education Acute research on adult education is important both for the country and the citizens of the country. Actually, adult education was first established in Norway in the first half of the 18 th century when there was an extreme situation of the industrial revol