ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Education is a broad domain that has not been explained properly, and if it has, many people have not understood it fully. People have not focused on many other benefits of education due to their mediocre reasoning and understanding of the meaning of education. This has led to the introduction of new methods of acquiring education. This type of education is a unique one that has been accepted globally. (Dede, 1989) However, on the sight of James Barzcz’s position, this distance learning cannot fulfill the true purpose of education. Education is the process of acquiring knowledge and change of moral character. Distance learning mode of education, which is a kind of education that takes place when the teachers and the students are separated by space and time, does not entirely serve the purpose of education. There is mostly a gap between the two which is bridged through the use of modern technologies. Such technologies include audiotapes, video conferences, satellite broadcasting, and other online technologies. The utilization of these technologies has disrupted the core importance of traditional education where there was the closeness of the teachers and the students. The purpose of education is not the mechanistic acquisition of information, which is being deployed by the recent education systems. It is clear to many people that education should nurture character and moral development. Education of information from new technologies does not support this. It only encourages the literal acquisition of information which may enhance knowledge rather than character. Many people claim to be educated, yet their behavior and moral character do not support their claims. They have to acquire the information and become equipped with the proper instruments of exploitation. This is evidenced by the current and recent rampant uprisings in many states. People are now eager to explore information only to trample on the masses and the unprivileged. The dangerous criminals have emerged as people with information knowledge but no morals. (Dede, 1989) Education is focused on training one to have critical, quick, resolute, and effective thinking. While distance learning applies the retrieval of information from the internet, the training of critical thinking is made to fade away. Access to information makes students get whatever they require. This makes them not nurture their brain thinking capacities. Thus, their thinking ability grows feeble day by day. Distance learning is ameliorating the lack of logical and scientific thinking in the majority of the students. In summary, distance learning has distorted the purpose of education. It just exposes the students to information. Moreover, the environment in which some of these distance learning led to the acquisition of some of the information is dangerous to the community and societies. Therefore, it is wise to incline into education materials that give the full meaning of education of intelligence and character, which form the true education goal. Reference Dede, C. (1989): The evolution of distance learning, technology-mediated interactive learning.
Introduction Managing change is one of the most important management activities when two firms merge to form a single entity. According to Franklin (2014), when there is a merger between two large firms, the management must restructure various operational activities and management roles to create an environment that will be conducive to all the stakeholders. Al Bawadi Islamic Bank has been operational for the last 16 years and has over 10,000 employees working in its 55 local branches and 12 overseas branches. This is an indication that it has managed to overcome environmental challenges to achieve such a level of success. This firm has achieved success through its traditional approach to Islamic banking. On the other hand, Al Shurooq Bank is a relatively smaller bank with about 2000 employees working in seven local branches and it currently has no overseas branches. The firm has taken the online banking strategy that is increasingly becoming popular in the modern society. These two banks have taken two different approaches that make them strong in different ways. Merging these two banks will ensure that they bring together their strengths in order to sustain the emerging forces in the environment. In this paper, the researcher will critically analyze the approach that the merge should take, and give appropriate recommendations to ensure that the new entity becomes successful. Name the new Bank According to Suchy (2004), when two entities are merging to form a single business unit, one of the very first factors that they should take into consideration is the name that will be appropriate. I strongly suggest that the name should have a reflection of the current names of the two banks. Al Bawadi Islamic Bank is indeed the dominant partner that is popularly known, with a larger customer base and a strong market brand. However, Al Shurooq Bank has also made an effort to acquire a customer base over the years, and it should not be considered an underdog when coming up with the name. Customers of the two banks and the employees will be brought to the new entity hence they should feel some sense of belonging in the new name that is developed. The proposed name should be Al Bawadi-Shurooq Islamic Bank. This name will reflect that the new entity brings together two previously independent firms. Possible Impacts of the Change on the Stakeholders and How to Deal With Them When the complex task of coming up with an acceptable name has been done, the next phase is to understand the forces of change and the impact that it will have on various stakeholders. As Franklin (2014) says, change is often present in various contexts of a firm’s operation, but when there is a merger, it becomes more pronounced and sometimes very disruptive. The merger is expected to result in serious restructuring and rightsizing to avoid cases of duplication of work in the new entity. The new firm will indeed have more operational activities, but some positions cannot be held by two people. These are some of the areas that will need to be reviewed when coming up with the new structure. The following are so
Computer Hardware These are the physical components of a computer system. They include the input and output devices such as the mouse keyboard or the monitor. They can also be the storage devices such as Hard disk or RAM. The physical devices can still be the components that are responsible for the execution of the programs in a computer such as a microprocessor. Computer Software These are set of instructions that a computer uses to execute a given task. They can be classified as:   * System Software-These is the programs that help to run and manage the computer hardware. They regulate the execution processes and the allocation of memory in a computer. They include programs like operating systems such as XP and Linux. In addition, they can be the software that manages a computer network such as the OSI or the IP/IPT.   * Application Software-These are programs that are designed to enable a user to accomplish a certain task. They include business programs, games, or database programs that collect and organize data in a systematic and logical order for quick and easy retrials. Seworld IT system An efficient information system is very vital to any business firm. This is because it ensures effective communication of all the organization’s departments. This will in return boost the performance in the organization for quality and quantity production and marketing of the firm’s products or services. (Ronald J. 1998). This is not the case with SewWorld because we can see that communication in this organization is very poor. There is no good coordination for the various departments present and also among their branches. This is why we have cases, where some branches are overstocked with a certain product while others do not have even a single one. The reporting system is also very poor and unreliable. Therefore the company needs to establish a local area network that will enable the various departments and branches to coordinate well. It will also help to centralize the managerial to reduce the number of managers supervising each department. This is because with a good LAN all the departments can feed their data online to a central system for easy analyses and helps also genera rate reliable reports as data is collected
According to Ohman (2001), when one encounters an unexpected scenario marginal significant incident may interfere with current processing resulting to post attentive processing which is prioritized. This processing resources stimulus is associated with activation, phasic psycho physiological which is visible as familiarized responses, which make possible additional stimulus sensory processing (Ohman & Esteves, 2001). Therefore, the attention of people who fear these things, for example, the snakes, ugly faces, snakes etc is caught very easily by them. For example if there is a snake or spiders those people that have their phobia will be the first to notice it. This is seen even in our day-to-day life where one may flick out after seeing a snake only to watch closing and realize it is a twig. According to a model by Ohman (2001), the output from feature detection, perceptual system is automatically evaluated by a significance system. Researchers were engaged in a search for the pictures of what they feared like the snakes and spiders and what they did not fear like the flowers (Ohman & Esteves, 2001). It was observed that the pictures of what was feared were quickly located and were the majority in comparison to those not feared. Three experiments were conducted to illustrate fear. In the first experiment research participants were exposed to nine pictures with visual stimuli that was complex, they were expected to press different buttons to answer whether all the provided pictures were in the same group (spiders, snakes, mushroom, or flowers) or if a discrepant stimulus was present. The reason for the experiment was to check the ability of the participants to discover the discrepancy of relevant stimuli fear fast against irrelevant stimuli fear. In the second experiment, the sizes of the provided pictures were different, small and large, to determine discovery latencies for fear inapplicable and fear applicable stimuli (Ohman & Esteves, 2001). The participants just like in experiment one were expected to identify whether the pictures belonged to the same category or whether there was a discrepant stimulus present by pressing different buttons. In both experiments, the aim was to determine how fast the participants were in identifying the different classifications. The third experiment was performed to investigate the hypothesis that participants who are fearful might display self-protective avoidance and hence they may take time to detect targets that are fear relevant in the midst of distracters that are fear irrelevant. In this experiment, discovery of non-feared and feared stimuli that are fear relevant was evaluated in research participants chosen to fear spiders or snakes and not those that feared both. A control group that was non-fearful was incorporated as well. The research participants from Karolinska institute responded to false or true questions regarding their fear of spiders and snakes (Ohman & Esteves, 2001). The procedure used was th
Product Offering, Target Market and Customer Service Fair Do’s is a non profit company. It offers cheap and unique products from third world countries which are not well-off economically. Therefore, underpinning its operations on fair trade, Fair Do’s offers the populace from these countries a chance to trade their products. The company’s range of products is not well-defined. This is considering the fact that the suppliers do not come from the same geographical locations. Fair Do’s, therefore, offers products ranging from compact discs, clothes, foods and beverages, and toys among others. It is crucial to note that these products are not modified, whatsoever. They are stocked in their original form in the shops. These shops are approved by the British Association for Fair Trade Shops (BAFTS) and/or the World Fair Trade Organisation (WFTO) (Fair Do, 2011). The suppliers of this small scale company are not distinct, either. This is because the company has a policy that guides its operations. It must source its products from suppliers or people who do not have well-off backgrounds. However, the company gets its products from Europe and the Americas sometimes. It is important to note that creative products are the focus of Fair Do’s. These products include designed pots from Africa, hand-made ornaments from Egypt, Somalia and Kenya, beauty products made from people’s hands, among others. This is in line with the fact that economics should be mixed with Fair Trade. This is the belief of the company, hence, its line of interest in suppliers and customers (Fair Do, 2011). All these products are sold all over the world. But, mainly, the target market is developed countries. These countries are the focal point from which the market base of fair dos is situated. The company believes in putting people first. This includes its customer base, supply base, workers and volunteers. The argument is that they provide the company with the needed impetus in its policy application. This explains the reason why the company is so particular with the quality and uniqueness of products it offers in the market. Its customer service is unique in its own way. There is also belief that the company offers products at different prices. Firstly, the price is fixed. However, a customer can offer to buy at a higher price going by the company needs to promote the direct producers from whom it buys the products (Fair Do, 2011). Supply Chain Management and Logistics Fair dos supply chain and logistics management is quite complicated. As noted earlier, the company does not offer products from specific suppliers. It only sources products from fair trade accredited companies. The accreditation is received from British Association for Fair Trade Shops (BAFTS) and/or the World Fair Trade Organisation (WFTO). This essentially limits the planning of this department. Fair trade means that the company believes in paying a
Introduction In business, record-keeping is essential for the planning of prospects and analysis of past performance. The need to have international accounting practices brought about the International Financial Reporting Standards. The paper would discuss IFRS, GAAP, and transfer price. GAAP and IFRS After the formation of the European Union, there was an urgent need to harmonize accounting principles among the member states. They formed the International Accounting Standards Committee, which developed the International Accounting Standards in 1973. It comprised of only ten countries (Gebhardt, Mora & Wagenhofer, 2014). The Convergence Project between US GAAP and IFRS The standards of the IAS became attractive around the world since many Multinational Corporations had dealings with foreign countries. IASC’s successor, the International Accounting Standards Board, continued with the process of setting the International Accounting Standards. It also set the Standing Interpretation Committee standards (Gebhardt et al., 2014). The board renamed the rules as International Financial Reporting Standards. IFRS is an Anglo-Saxon accounting system that serves the interest of investors. It is decision-based and not under the influence of legal rules. It involves intensive management judgment. All listed companies in Europe must adhere to this rule. GAAP also gives the accounting standards for financial accounting in certain countries including the US (Singleton-Green, 2012). The guidelines are usually known as the accounting standards or the standard accounting practices. The accountants use them to record, summarize and prepare financial statements. But most businesses do not use this accounting standard because it operates on a cash basis while IFRS allows treatment on an accruals basis. Countries that have used GAAP principles include the United Kingdom and China. Others are now moving towards using the IFRS. The world governing bodies passed a resolution to adapt to the IFRS standards because they are the most acceptable all over the world. The US and a handful of countries are still lagging behind. But the US has already passed the resolution. Differences between IFRS and GAAP IFRS is a principle-based accounting standard while GAAP is rule-based. IFRS accommodates the economics of trade better than GAAP. The treatment of acquired intangible assets under GAAP is on the fair value while IFRS recognizes such assets if only they would have a future economic benefit. IFRS uses FIFO and the weighted average cost for inventory records. GAAP does not use them for inventory purposes. GAAP prohibits reversals of written down inventory (Singleton-Green, 2012). The IFRS allows the reversal of stock in future as they meet certain criteria. GAAP is mainly useful in the US while most of the countries use IFRS. GAAP has not developed comprehensive policies on the “going concern”. IFRS uses the underlying assumptions of accruals and “going concern” with specific rules. Countries that have Adopted IFRS Countries that are using IFRS include Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bel
NAMBR: A Summary NAMBR is a recently established consulting company that provides business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) advice. The company is focused on applying business methods to the promotion of the social and environmental well-being of people. NAMBR’s mission consists of providing benefits to its community. The founders of the organization recognize their duty of producing a return on investment, but they believe that the term can be expanded to include various beneficial outcomes. In this regard, the improvement of the well-being of the community is another form of return. United Arab Emirates: Demographics The demographics of the UAE are peculiar. As reported by the World Bank Group (n.d.), the population has been growing since the 1960s. However, between 2003 (when the UAE had about 3.7 million people) and 2013 (when the UAE had a little over 9 million people), the population experienced extreme growth. Since 2013, the increase has been less steep, and as of 2017, the UAE was estimated to have over 9,400,000 people. According to the Central Intelligence Agency [CIA] (n.d.), the UAE population grows at a rate of 2.37% nowadays. Also, the CIA (n.d.) reports that the ratio of males to females in the UAE is 2.18. In other words, men greatly outnumber women in the UAE. When considering mobility, it is important to note that the increase in the population is attributed to immigrants. The net migration rate in the country is the ninth highest in the world (CIA, n.d.). Furthermore, the proportion of Emirati in the country is small. In 2005, it amounted to slightly more than 20% (Government.ae, 2017c). However, in 2017, Emirati constituted only 11.6% of the population (CIA, n.d.). According to CIA (n.d.), the largest group in the UAE is the Indian people (38.2%). Additionally, there are Egyptians (10%), Bangladeshi, and Pakistani (over 9% each), as well as some other nations. From the religious perspective, the county is predominantly Muslim (76%); 9% of the population is Christian, and some other confessions are also present (CIA, n.d.). According to the CIA (n.d.), the median age in the UAE is 30 years, and life expectancy amounts to over 77 years. The country has good literacy statistics (United Nations Children’s Fund, 2013); 94% of the population can read and write (CIA, n.d.). According to CIA (n.d.), the unemployment rates are very high among females (21.8% in 2008); for males, they are slightly below 8%. According to the data of 2014, 3.6% of the country’s GDP was spent on healthcare (CIA, n.d.). The most recent statistical data on disability in the UAE comes from the 2005 census; according to it, over 30,000 people were disabled back then (Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Authority, 2017). The most frequent issues included vision, speech, or hearing impairments. The country has been implementing
Econometrics offers a number of mathematical applications utilized in the field of economics to bring forth some unique analysis to both economic and non-economic data. The OLS estimations and the regression models are the more commonly used models evaluation of relationships between the various economic data. This paper focuses on the Tobit model of estimation. The model was proposed by James Tobin (1958). The most important element introduced by the model in the analysis is the description of the relationship between two variables yi and xi. Yi is the dependent variable, while xi is the independent variable. Before engaging in the actual discussion of the Tobit models, it is important first to understand some of the underlying concepts which inform the analysis. In this analysis, the concern is in looking at regression is completely observed but in a selected sample that does not fully represent the population as well as regression analysis in times when the partially observed in the population. There are several reasons which lead to the emergence of incomplete data. The two most important causes are truncation and censoring. Truncation is a result of the loss of some observations on regressors as well as the dependent variable. The loss is mainly occasioned by the inability to access accurate data required for analysis. In a case of an analysis involving the general income as the dependent variable, if the available data is on the high-income group of the population, then a truncation in the analysis will result. Indeed most truncation is a result of the use of data derived from a subset of the relevant population as opposed to the entire population. The effect of this is that the sample data used does not fully represent the population, meaning that generalization of the results may not be accurate. Such situations are very common in economic analysis, which relies heavily on secondary data (Greene, 2003, par4). Censoring, on the other hand, is a result of losses or limitations in data on the dependent variable only. This means that data on regressors are not lost or limited in this case. Using the same illustration involving incomes, data on income for all the subsets which comprise the entire population may be available, but there could be a defined maximum income among the high-income group. For example, the low-income group may be defined as the group earning between zero and one hundred dollars, the middle income earning between a hundred and one dollars and two hundred while the high income earns between two hundred and three hundred dollars. In most cases, there are possibilities that some people earn above three hundred dollars. This means that the data is largely representative of the population; however, a very small proportion may not be included. Thus censoring may result in a defect in the chosen sample. Without it, the sample data would accurately represent the population. Therefore truncation is a more severe loss of data in comparison to censoring. In a normal distribution, y distribution has a mean of µ and a variance of δ 2 . The relationship is represented as y͠ ̴ N (µ, δ2 I). Any such normal distribution ca