ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Human beings have been struggling to improve their lifestyles since the ancient time. “Civilization refers to the advancement in human culture in terms of technology, science, politics and division of labor” (Trigger 12). Different races have always developed differently depending on the prevailing circumstances. The world is currently experiencing technological changes which have made life better for every one. These developments started as early as 1450 CE (Morris 345). The ancient civilization was determined by the following factors. Causes of Civilization Spread of diseases Diseases existed during the ancient world and they always had serious impacts on people. For example epidemic diseases claimed so many lives and this led to depopulation. “Diseases such as small pox and measles were quite prevalent in Europe and Asia” (Trigger 361). These diseases were very difficult to cure because of poor technology and lack of research on them. As people interacted, these diseases were transmitted to many societies. This caused serious suffering on human beings. People therefore got interested in finding solutions to this problem. Studies that took place during this time had remarkable contributions in medicine. Trade Trade was very helpful in the spread and development of civilization. As people exchanged goods from different regions, their technological developments were adopted by different races. Trading was enhanced by the demand for goods and many people came up with several items. Some of the ancient trading activities included the exchange of food crops which led to development of agriculture in various territories. “Ideas also spread and developed through trading activities” (Morris 390). For example Indian Ocean trade led of the spread of Arab civilization in Africa. The long contact between Arabs and Africans enabled them to adopt new lifestyles. For example Islamic religion found its way into Africa through trading activities. The demand for better goods facilitated the development of technology. Many urban centers like Greece and Athens became prominent due to trading activities. “Cities along the trade routes became cosmopolitan mixtures of many religions and customs” (Trigger 326). As people traded they could form unions which regulated their activities. “These organizations became quite powerful, passing laws, levying taxes, and challenging powerful merchants” (Morris 370). Technology There were considerable technological improvements during 1450 CE especially in Asia and Europe. Some of the technological improvements occurred in the manufacturing of goods, agriculture and making of tools. With the development of technology, wars and conflicts emerged between different territories. These wars also led to the spread of civilization. “Technology mainly advanced in Europe after the end of the dark ages” (Trigger 414). The development of Chinese porcelain enhanced trade. Ideas Many ideas were spread to many countries during renaissance. At this time many people were concerned with making discoveries, and this contributed to the spread of ideas. Education also became important as people became
At first, my results from the willingness to communicate test surprised me, but after analyzing my behavior more carefully, I understood that it was mostly correct in describing my skills. My total score was 86, which was not a surprise since I am personally an extremely open person and usually experience no difficulties when talking to people, especially those I am aquatinted with. The lowest scores I received were for “interpersonal,” 60 points, and for “stranger,” 70 points because I usually do not initiate conversations with people whom I see for the first time in life. This seems slightly awkward for me to approach an individual even if we stand in line together and begin talking to them about random topics. The highest score I received was for “friend,” 100 points, which demonstrates the fact that I enjoy having conversations with my friends and family members. I also scored high on group discussion and public speaking, with 96 points for both. These results correctly represent my skills concerning presenting reports in front of others and not being afraid of voicing my opinion in the presence of strangers if a certain situation requires me to do it. As I mentioned earlier, I am excellent at oral communication, and I rarely have negative experiences when talking to people around me, whether in a business or informal setting. Moreover, I always prefer talking in person rather than using text messages since, in face-to-face situations, it is easier to understand the intentions of the other party. My primary strength is active listening which I have mastered over the years and which now contributes to my ability to effectively maintain conversations even with strangers. This extremely helps me in my day-to-day activities and on the job because people perceive me as a person who is genuinely interested in what they have to say. I also possess empathy and can assist others when they go through difficult periods in their lives by speaking with them and encouraging them to persevere. Additionally, I am an open-minded individual, and I do not allow myself to interrupt people even if I do not agree with the ideas they voice. Yet, there are also areas in which I need to improve in terms of my communication
This memo seeks to advice the board of directors of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation on the best policy issue the company should pursue in dealing with the problem of Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) additive the company produces through its subsidiary – Octel Associates. Making the corresponding recommendation, I have considered three options suggested by the board. According to independent research, there are some other options that may be adopted by the company. I highly recommend the Board that the company should go with the first option: the Company should get out of the business of selling leaded gasoline in the near future. This recommendation is due to the following reasons. As we all already know, the pressure is building up from pressure groups like the Environmentalists and the general public for the company stop selling Leaded additives. Most companies stopped selling the product long time ago. The only reason why Great Lakes Corporation is still in this business is because of the lucrative profit the group is getting from the Octel business segment. This pressure will not die until the trade in this product ceases completely. As a matter of fact, it can only get worse if Great Lakes continues with the business. The fear that the company will take a huge financial hit is real but when looking into a long term perspective, the company is a going concern and will continue to operate into the foreseeable future. The short term gains should not supersede long term benefits. Great Lakes Corporation should also be in tune with Corporate Social responsibility which looks beyond the Company profits and encompasses the greater good of the society at large. In fact, studies have shown that companies which adopt this policy are better placed to succeed than those who do not. The overriding factor in making this recommendation is the devastating negative health hazards caused people and especially children by gasoline in less developed countries. The effect ranges from lowering their IQs to causing high blood pressure and damaging the kidneys and their cardiovascular system among others. The Company has to critically consider the argument that pollution control and managing natural resources are the key to successful business development and all leading companies should think of taking this route. In Green to Gold, Esty and Winston show how to increase their revenues and reduce business risk and create lasting value by including environmental thinking into their strategies, smart companies can also cut the costs. Therefore, Great Lakes Corporation should choose this option. The second policy of continuing to supply the lead additives to developing countries should not be considered because besides the financial benefits to the company, the policy ignores negative effects the lead additives have on the people of these countries. Taking into account the argument that developing countries have some economic ben
Biography of Pope Francis Pope Francis also known as Jorge Mario Bergoglio was born in 1963 to Mario and Sivori (Bunderson par. 1). His parents were Italian immigrants. Before choosing the priestly profession, Pope Francis was a chemical technician (Chua-Eoan and Dias par. 5). He had some other training in philosophy and studies in humanities. He taught at various institutions in the mid 1960s and some of them included Immaculate Conception College where he taught psychology and literature (Bunderson par. 2). Before becoming a Jesuit in 1973, he went to Spain where he continued with his studies. In Argentina, he held many other positions such as a theological professor at San Miguel and rector at Colegio Máximo. He functioned as a provincial head of Jesuits in Argentina for a period of six years from 1973 to 1979. Before going to Germany for doctoral studies in 1986, he functioned as the parish priest in San Miguel and the rector at San José College. Jorge Mario Bergoglio became the bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992 (Bunderson par. 3). In 1998, he became the archbishop of Buenos Aires. Whilst Archbishop of Buenos Aires, he also held membership in a number of bodies associated with the Catholic Church in Argentina. Some of these bodies include the Pontifical Commission and the Consecrated Life Institute. In 2013, he was elected the Pope and took the name Francis. History of Roman Catholic Church in Italy After the death of Jesus, the bishops who were considered disciples spread out to different corners of the world to form a universally accepted church. The apostle Peter became the bishop of Rome (Fairchild par. 4). He became the leader of other Bishops. In fact, the Vatican City and more especially Saint Peter’s Basilica were built over Saint Peter’s grave. The successor of Peter is the Pope. In Italy, Catholic Christianity started as a religious group of people who were persecuted for having entered in the Roman Empire unlawfully (Fairchild par. 5). It gained roots after Emperor Constantine converted. He legalized it and it became the Roman Empire’s official religion after some time. In general, it is hard to determine the exact time or date when the Roman Catholic Church started officially. The only known fact is that
Background The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is an intensively developed country where all the industries play an important role in contributing to the Emirates’ economic growth. From this point, the transport industry can be discussed as the key driver to stimulate the UAE’s economic development during the recent five years. Transport services influence all aspects of people’s social and economic life. As a result, the improvement of public transportation in the UAE is one of the priorities related to the progress of industries and the social sector’s development. The transport industry began to develop actively in the 1970s when the first bus services were opened in Abu Dhabi in order to respond to the increased public’s needs related to transportation services (Elsheshtawy 128). During the period of 1970-2013, the transport industry was developing; and today, the UAE transport industry includes such sectors the air transport, rail transport, metro system, bus services, taxi, and water transport services (Worku 109). Much attention is paid to constructing new roads and transport channels. As a result, today, the UAE’s transport industry develops actively to address the increasing public demands. The main authorities’ focus is not only on developing the system of public buses and taxis but also on the support of metro and marine transit. The development of air and rail transport is strategic for supporting the UAE’s economic and social channels (Terterov 124-128). That is why new rail and road networks are constructed as a result of significant investment. Billions of dollars are invested in developing the transport industry annually because of its extreme significance for the UAE’s economy (Government of Dubai). The developed transportation system is the key to improving the connection between the Emirates’ industries, companies, and resources. The transport industry is important for the UAE’s economy because all the economic activities depend on effective transportation solutions. The development of the transport industry in the UAE contributes to driving the country’s economic growth and increasing investment in the sector. The purpose of this industry report is to provide an overview and analysis of the transport industry in the UAE with a focus on its development at different levels. Thus, the report provides information on the progress of the transport industry at the local level while focusing on Dubai, at the national level, at the regional level, and at the global level. The report also aims to provide the analysis of the transport industry in relation to the past fiv
The course of history moves at an ever-increasing pace, now more than ever leaving humankind to devise, develop and discover ways of furthering their understanding of how the world operates. Civilization has developed in a number of different ways, with people having created their own cultures, traditions, languages and traditions. This monumental process has been in active development since the dawn of human life, and with the recent leaps in technology is gaining more and more steam. The rapid change in technology, discovery and rediscovery of the previous history, and the process of actively redefining what it means to be human, all contribute to the general diversification of the world. As those that like to consider themselves sentient, humans place great value both on their individuality and the collective. While society, in general, is starting to see the trend of dehumanization and the importance placed on general efficiency increases, human values of self-expression and integrity are still regarded highly, and often placed as core considerations in decision-making. With the ability to express oneself in a way unique to them, each individual has an inalienable right for acting in the way they find most suitable. Laws and regulations were made to ensure that people can work in society while also being distinctly different from one another. A right to free speech, and it’s honoring by society, is one of such abilities given to each person regardless of their status or standing. Freedom of speech and the promotion of global dialogue is often said to be beneficial for society at large, acting as a global platform for voicing and contesting different ideas. For some, it is even an effective method of testing whether an ideology or belief is legitimate, as it allows for people with differing perspectives to hold a debate. However, the notion of free speech is not always viable in society, or able to be exercised to its fullest. In the current Capitalist society, the notion of free speech is not applicable to all people equally and is not effective in bringing attention to the concerns of the many. Capitalism is the primary and most prominent type of societal structure at the current time. With countries rapidly developing trade and formal relationships, corporations grow as well, expanding onto foreign territory and establishing relations. This process of globalization has a variety of complex effects, both positive and negative. One of such effects, of course, is the concentration of wealth in the hands of a small group of people. With giant businesses growing further and further, their profits increase proportionally, with leaders and CEOs earning most of the revenue. While the general amount of capital increases, the common people rarely see positive change, and, oftentimes, their conditions are becoming even direr. This can be explained by the ideas proposed by Karl Marx, and his thoughts on capitalism. In man’s eyes, capitalism is one of the phases of societal development, one that is primarily focused on producing goods and procuring capital. The relationshi
Introduction Benefits are compensations offered to employees by their employers in addition to their wages and salaries. To qualify for a benefit, the employee must have worked in a regular position for at least half of time for a permanent period of six months. If an employee registers for a benefit while he/she is not qualified for it, he/she must refund the money to the university. The employee decides on when to begin enjoying his benefits and the level of coverage he needs (Georgia state university, para. 1). Findings The benefits consist of health and welfare, retirement plans, family medical bills, paid time leave, education, flexible spending accounts, Americans with disability act, cobra, and other benefits such as social security, medicare, unemployment, and workers compensation (Honey 348) Discussion The health and welfare involves programs such as wellness Wednesday that help the staff practice health and wellness. There are sponsorship of yoga and meditation classes, first Thursday health screening, weight watchers, GSU book club and Georgia state university on the move programs. Others include the great American wellness check, wellness e-library, and smoking cessations (Georgia state university 2). Employees using tobacco are added extra fifty dollars to their monthly medical payment once in the tobacco sensation. There will be monthly insurance premium deductions to cover the dental, vision, and flexible spending accounts on the payroll on a pre-tax basis. The payments will be done according to the month spend on and the effective date. The insurance company gives out medical ID cards for each family member that is unique from the other social security members. If an employee uses his money after registering for the card while still in process is supposed to be refunded his money (Georgia state university 2). Each employee gets pre-tax benefits. Incase of any changes to this benefit the employee is required to report within 30 days otherwise the IRS has strict rules of retaining its records effective for the entire year. These changes include marital status, birth or adoption of a child, death of a covered depended, loss of eligibility status, loosing or gaining healthcare coverage under the Medicaid. In addition, change in location to the outside of the healthcare plans service area should be added (Georgia state university 2). He benefits from receiving a service from a non-network provider that qualifies him as a patient under the HMO or PPO and plan compensation as payment in full. If an employee travels abroad or outside the service area, board of regents PPO and HSA PPO offers him a blue card world wide that is processed by the university to offer service at the time the employee needs. During payments, one will receive benefit coverage (Georgia state university 3). HMO offers compensation incases of life threatening injuries or illness offers the benefit of blue choice compensation. The employee pays his medical bills but later claims for refunding. The
Introduction Advertisement, itself, is a creative genre in these post-modern days of ideas. If people in the future were to search for artifacts of our culture, in hopes of finding something that gives them insight into our culture and our life, they will be able to see what we leave behind in this consumer-driven world. Our ancestors left behind arrow heads and pottery, and we will leave behind a lot more that can easily communicate about who we are and what is important to us. Commercials and the products they advertise are some of the most important cultural artifacts in our society. They communicate what is important to or influences our culture, the good and the bad, because within any culture it is natural for the many different aspects of that culture to be portrayed on the screen or the page, from our stereotypes and biases, to what makes us proud and what makes us ashamed. One commercial that seems to represent an artifact of American culture is the recent AXE commercial, where a young man on a beach begins to spray AXE cologne, attracting literally hundreds of buxom beauties in bikinis, with the slogan being “Spray more, Get more”. The implications here about the way our culture stereotypes gender and what types of images we find to be suitable becomes part of the artifact and what it stands for in our culture. The AXE Cologne Advert The first part of the advert shows a woman running in a wilderness. The first question that comes to mind is if this is a spoof of the new Mel Gibson movie “Apocalypto”? The theme of said movie is the hunter-hunted type of thriller where the protagonist is always on the run (from an AXE man perhaps?). This is further implied by the choice of music – “Deus Irae” by Karl Jenkins which appears on his album “Requiem”. But then the video shows something else. There are many more than women running and therefore this is something else. The women are all focused with the task of reaching the goal first. They are single-minded indeed, to the point of being obsessed with whatever it is that made them run in the first place. All are jockeying for position and intense shoving and pushing is seen in the first few seconds. The second thing that hits the viewer is the fact that the women are not properly clad. If they are indeed going for a late afternoon jog then where is the sports wear needed to do the job? It is not usually normal to run with skimpy clothing! Then the next thing that hits the viewer is the fact that these are not only a group of young women running but it is actually a swarm. The multitude running
An investigation into the for-profit Kaluyu Memorial Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, demonstrates that there are noticeable demotivational factors at work for its employees. The current paper is devoted to examining those factors, determining an appropriate motivation model, and discussing the development of a suitable communication system at the hospital. Major Demotivational Factors at Kaluyu Memorial Hospital Several major demotivational factors have been discovered at the Kaluyu Memorial Hospital. First of all, the nurses perceive their work to be unacknowledged and unrewarded, which is a strong demotivational factor for them. The problem exacerbates apparent communication problems between employees of various levels and their superiors. Given these communication issues, the environment at the workplace is neither friendly nor inclusive, which is another major demotivational factor. Apart from that, the separation of people with families from the rest of the workers might indicate problems related to employee work-life balance, which is crucial for employee satisfaction and quality of life (Shah, Zaidi, Ahmed, & Rehman, 2016; Nayak, Sahoo, Mohanty, & Sundaray, 2016). Finally, the lack of profitability that the hospital faces is a demotivational factor for all involved. All of these difficulties point to one core demotivational factor at the hospital: ineffective leadership. For example, the fact that employees feel scared to approach superiors and seem inactive during meetings implies that they are rarely encouraged to participate in dialogue; similarly, unhealthy workplace relationships are likely to result from a lack of appropriate management and per