ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In his paper, Ghosh (2018) addresses the issue of increasing violence against doctors. According to the author, acts of assault and battery usually take place in the form of “verbal abuse or aggressive gesture” (Ghosh, 2018, p. 130). Acts of abuse against doctors are often committed by patients or their relatives. The reason for this is usually the dissatisfaction of people with the service they received. It can happen due to the long waiting periods, poor quality of medical assistance, or lack of communication between doctors and patients that may lead to the anxiety of the latter. In order to tackle violence in hospitals, the author recommends doctors to improve the quality of contact with patients and shorten waiting periods. The author also suggests that hospitals implement advanced technologies and hire more competent staff so that patients spend less time waiting for their appointment. A study by Philips (2016) focuses on various types of assault and battery that medical staff faces. The author identifies four distinct types of violence that medics may encounter at their workplace. He also discusses specific features of abuse against nurses, physicians, and psychiatrists. The author claims that it is hard to tackle the current problem since only little data is available. This is because many medical workers do not report the experience of assault at work. Then, the author investigates the potential risk factors of violence in medical institutions and specific characteristics of perpetrators. As for the solution to the problem, Philips (2016) suggests that hospitals install “fences, security cameras, and metal detectors” (p. 1666). It is also essential that medical facilities hire guards and improve the quality of their services so that the level of patients’ satisfaction increases. The author also believes that training in self-defense may help medical staff to protect themselves from assault and battery.
Overview Daniel Pink, in his book “Drive”, dwells on the basic mechanisms of motivating the employees within a company. He explains the approach where there is no need to use the method of reward and punishment. Even though it is evident that money is the motivation for the majority of today’s workers, Pink states that there are several levels of this motivational structure. To his mind, this viewpoint is outdated, and that is why Pink suggests another approach that implements three new pillars:   * autonomy,   * mastery,   * purpose. Autonomy means that employees want to regulate their work relationships and assignments on their own. Mastery means that employees want to develop their professional skill and become better in everything they do as long as it matters to them. Purpose means that people want to do significant things for the sake of something that is greater than they are. Pink also proposes new methods of evading the flaws of extrinsic motivation and using the extrinsic rewards. Purpose The purpose of this book is to show entrepreneurs, bosses, employers, and managers that there are more ways to evaluate and assess their employees’ work quality and productivity. Pink gives out the useful info that is to be processed by the chief managers and passed on to their subject managers. He also tries to convince the reader that the basic materialistic reward and
When following up on the issues of equality in a multicultural society, there is a common dilemma concerning whether to prefer recognition or redistribution. The dilemma involves both policy makers and culturally diverse groups. It is not clear whether different cultural groups only prefer to be ‘compensated’ for their earlier misrepresentation, mistreatment, and misrecognition. Siapera, a social theorist, defines recognition as the practice of being familiar with the unique aspects of a certain cultural group. On the other hand, Siapera associates redistribution with issues such as gender equality and equal wealth distribution. There are other sociologists who have contributed their views to the debate involving recognition versus redistribution. Nancy Fraser is of the view that recognition and redistribution are two separate issues and they should not be merged. Another sociologist by the name of Alex Honneth argues that by giving diverse cultural groups recognition, their redistribution issues are consequently solved. Groups that advocate for gender equality and recognition of ethnic minority groups are examples of how the dilemma of recognition over redistribution manifests itself. The dilemma of recognition versus redistribution is manifested in everyday social life. Since the dawn of civil rights movements, several stakeholders have expressed different points of views when providing a solution to inequality. While some activists have clearly favored recognition, others prefer redistribution as the solution to inequality. This dilemma has found its way into modern day politics. An example of how this dilemma has been manifested in recent times is in the debate surrounding the incorporation of Ebonics in the American school system. Ebonics is an African-American dialect of the English language. Incorporation of Ebonics into the American school system amounts to recognition of the uniqueness of African-American culture. However, most people including some African American activists were against this decision and instead preferred redistribution of educational resources.
Cyber terrorism can be defined as pre-mediated intrusions that are politically motivated and performed by persons, groups, or information technology agents to manipulate computer programs and other systems (Yunos & Sulaman, 2017). In other words, Cyber-attack is performed with an aim of a security breach to acquire private and confidential information. There exist no universal definition of Cyber terrorism and this makes most computer systems to be vulnerable to counter cyber-attacks and threats. The common motivational factors behind cyber terrorism include Ideological, economical, political, and social factors (Sebastian & Sakthivel, n.d). Previously, most terrorists used to perform cyber-attacks through physical modes but these days they have shifted to cyberspace due to advanced technology that allows them to perform cyberattacks remotely and inflict extensive and severe damage to the computerized systems of the target country. Most of the cyber-attacks that have occurred involve the direction of the malware and attacks to specific critical systems and Information Technology (IT)infrastructures. There is international awareness urgency for cyber terrorism vulnerability superficially to critical IT systems and infrastructures, thus the need to seek ways of protecting the systems through secure programming. While most Nations have attempted different steps to ensure the counteract disastrous threats from cyber-attacks by establishing Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT), there are many gaps for cyber terrorism that are yet to be mended. CERT has been established by the state to help handle Cyber terrorism incidence response. There is a need to establish national cooperation and collaboration among countries and Cybersecurity intelligence agencies to counter terror attacks and security threats (Tabassum et al., 2018). For a successful association, it is essential to have a common goal among country’s to counter cyber terrorisms and the incidence of threats. The alliance should find out and report some of the internet sites and activities that can constitute cyber terrorism. States that are involved in the coalition should sign both bilateral and multilateral treaty based on their agreement on cybersecurity. They should also have a dispensed pool of intelligence to gather and share evidence for any potential cyber threat. Some of the collaborations that have helped in countering cyber threats include the International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber-Terrorism (IMPACT) (Teoh & Mahmood, 2017). IMPACT brings together different nati
Introduction Plastic waste is an environmental hazard to food and marine systems since it is non-biodegradable. Mass production of single-use plastic products to meet demand and their improper disposal have led to their accumulation in most natural habitats, including oceans, waterways, and land. Among the policy interventions implemented by government entities to address this issue are imposing a plastic bag levy, introducing biodegradable alternatives, blanket bans, and community sensitization programs. Greater environmental consciousness coupled with social pressure has been shown to decrease plastic bag usage in favor of cloth alternatives (Ari and Yilmaz 1231). Therefore, tackling the problem of accumulating plastic waste requires consumer behavior change through access restrictions, choice, and information to limit plastic production and use. Actions by Other Similar Entities State and international entities have taken different steps and implemented policy initiatives to tackle the drivers of plastic pollution. From treaties to coercive policies such as bans and taxes, these measures are all meant to change consumer behavior. Denmark imposed a weight-based tax to promote the use of cloth bags in 1994, and this mechanism reduced the consumption of plastic alternatives by 66% (Ritch et al. 170). Similarly, the Republic of Ireland introduced a 0.15 cents levy per plastic bag, cutting their usage by 94% (Ritch et al. 170). Bans or prohibitions are other policy mechanisms employed by countries. Plastic bags that are 24-30 microns in thickness have been banned in many countries, including South Africa, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Italy, and Belgium (Ritch et al. 171). The limitation is meant to address the problem of accumulating plastics and their impacts on habitats. The global nature of the plastic problem has led to treaties at national and supranational levels. For instance, the European Union in the Sixth Environment Action Program for the European Community 2002-2012 lists “waste prevention and recycling” as a core sustainable development goal (Ritch et al. 169). By ratifying the treaty, EU member states are obligated to develop policy measures to decrease plastic bag consumption. As a response, Scotland created a binding policy instrument, the National Waste Plan, which prescribes the respective roles of the public and private sectors in plastic waste management. Lifestyle choices, such as the use of nylon wrappers to carry hot edible food/drinks and dispose of waste, increase the demand for plastics. National entities have implemented different campaigns to change consumer attitudes and promote recycling. In Turkey, a campaign dubbed ‘The Love of Nylon Kills’ was co-organized by Dicle University distributed textile bags to create awareness and discourage the use of plastic carriers by a local Turkish community (Ari and Yilmaz 1222). Retailers have also been at the forefront in promoti
This paper presents a critical analysis in the area of human resource management. It particularly focuses its content on team-working whereby various research papers are reviewed and critically analyzed. After a brief introduction to the area and its general principles, it moves towards the ‘reviewal’ of those research papers, followed by the problems and issues that researchers face when dealing with human resource and managing it. It concludes itself with a brief solutions discussion to outline what can be done to curb or even control the issues human resources face and affects the organization negatively. Introduction Human resource management is an area of expertise in the developing world. It formulates a proper set of theories to manage the most important resource that any company or organization, big or small, has; this being its human resource. When companies could not function well at all during times of financial difficulty and instability, the question of consideration of other reasons than the global financial crisis comes in. This part of the paper also conclusively talks about internal and external factors for a company to consider when dealing with failures. There can be both internal and external reasons for a company losing control over its business models. Firstly, however, teamwork as critical analysis is presented as follows. Teamwork – a critical analysis The concepts of teamwork and empowerment are deeply rooted in the ‘social action’ ideology of the 1960s and the self-help perspective of the 1970s. Empowerment is basically the giving of power and authority, ‘giving the ability to, or enabling’. (Gibson, C., 1991) Mueller, F. (1994) says teamwork refers to the sharing of rewards, information, and power with employees so that they become able to take initiative and improve upon performance as a result and this can be done with a combination of teamwork and empowerment. Teamwork makes an employee feel responsible and accountable, as a result, motivated to the actions that are done by them (Mueller, F., 1994). Hence, from a learning perspective, the aim of studying an analysis of the concept of teamwork in the medical field carries with itself many advantages. The reader is able to describe the theoretical and methodological construct from individual, collectivistic, as well as organizational and societal perspectives. When patient care and health is the key concern hence, teamwork and its analyses help on giving power and
Jonathan Tirado, a talented percussionist, and arranger from the San Antonio Marching Percussion Ensemble and a professor at the University of Texas are presenting the saturated and vivid musical performance. The performance includes compositions of famous composers and percussionists all over the world. The oriental motifs of Keiko Abe, Toru Takemitsu, and Michio Kitazume are performed together with Someone to Watch Over Me by American composers Ira and George Gershwin, Pezo Da Concerto by Serbian author Nebojsa Jovan Zivkovic, and Kembang Suling by New Zeland composer Gareth Farr. The program is presented on the vast range of musical instruments the compositions were performed initially. They are marimba, vibraphone, multiple percussion, and snare. Takemitsu’s Rain Tree is accompanied by Gabe Cardona, Marimba, and Jared Paul, Marimba. Farr’s Kembang Suling is accompanied by Molly Baskin, flute. The magical rhythms of past and present enchant and lead to the marvelous world of music, invoking the imagination, raising tempos in the listener’s soul. Brilliant compositions thoughtfully chosen and artistically performed by Tirado, raise deep feelings and emotions, summoning something profound that unites with nature’s keynotes. The music leads the listener through the time and space to other places, vividly depicting moods, making you feel and see something across the world. See the beauty and power of nature and human feelings; see the thin matters hidden behind it. The mystic sounds of marimba bring up the association to celestial spheres and cosmic notes that penetrate everything in the world, reminding that the natural magnificence that surrounds us is a part and a reflection of space. Listening to percussion itself brings up the ancient memories of a shamanic nature about the dangerous but exciting world where humanity was looking for its particular place.
The role of cultural identity and the moral independence are significant in human life. Those who managed to agree personal moral independence with the cultural identity are lucky people as they should not live in constant struggle between personal considerations and social demands. Even though the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya does not show the direct conflict between inner considerations and social beliefs, Antonio appears in a very complicated situation. Searching for his place in the world, trying to understand his personal significance and role he meets Ultima, a person who becomes his teacher. The death of Ultima influences Antonio greatly as being guided by this person he appears in the situation when he has to understand that his future life depends only on him and it is his personal responsibility to search for his future path in this world. Antonio is a six-year-old boy who appears the witness of several deaths. Each of the deaths is significant in Antonios’ life even though Ultima’s death plays the greatest part in Antonio’s understanding of the future life. Having witnessed several deaths Antonio tries to understand and questions himself, God! Why did Lupito die? Why do you allow the evil of the Trementinas? Why did you allow Narciso to be murdered when he was doing good? . A thousand questions pushed through my mind, but the Voice within me did not answer. The mass was ending, the fleeting mystery was already vanishing (Anaya 22). The boy tries to understand why God allows such cases, why good people have to die. These are the first notes, the first signs of Antonio’s understanding of the lack of ideality in Catholicism. Therefore, having become the witness of several deaths Antonio becomes doubt the religion of Christianity and the God’s abilities “Did God listen? Would he hear?” (Anaya 21). Therefore, considering the role of deaths in Antonio’s life, it may be concluded that these events impacted Antonio’s vision of social culture and negative attitude to Catholicism as religion. To understand the role of Ultima in the formation of Antonio’s perception of the world, it is better to consider the final Ultima’s words, “I bless you in the name of all that is good and strong and beautiful, Antonio. Always have the strength to live. Love life, and if despair enters your heart, look for me in the evenings when the wind is gentle and the owls sing in the hills. I shall be with you…” (Anaya 247). These words are considered to be most important in the novel as they this shows that the Ultima played significant role in Antonio’s life. Ultima was Antonio’s teachers, he helped him make choices which Antonio cold not make himself, as he believed. After Lupito’s death Antonio became to question the nature
Learning style theory assumes that people perceive information in different ways according to their unique abilities and characteristics. Each person has their learning style for a more productive and successful mastering of particular data. Neil Fleming created the VARK model, which includes such learning strategies as Visual, Aural, Read / Write, Kinesthetic, and Multimodal. Fleming and Bonwell (2019) assert that visuals better remember information with the help of demonstration materials, such as graphs and slides, while aurals prefer to listen, read-writers take knowledge through discussing and writing, and kinesthetics need touch and feel. Nevertheless, about 50-70% of the world’s population prefer a multimodal approach to learning, which combines several of the above methods (Fleming & Bonwell, 2019). Thus, a person can adapt and switch without much effort to one or another strategy chosen by the teacher. Therefore, depending on their leading channel of comprehension, each person perceives and assimilates new information in different ways, and the choice of a learning style is a key aspect of cognition. As a result of completing the VARK questionnaire, the following outcomes were obtained: Visual – 4 points, Aural – 5 points, Read / Write – 1 point, Kinesthetic – 6 points. Thus, I am a mild kinesthetic for whom it is vital to use the body and all the senses, including visual, tactile, gustatory, and auditory organs, for cognition. According to Fleming and Bonwell (2019), to gain knowledge, kinesthetics need information to be presented visually, using real-life examples and demonstrating specific features. Moreover, the test results show that I perceive information through listening and discussion. According to VARK model, aurals clearly perceive lectures, music, and dialogs and often catch the meanings during the conversation (Fleming & Bonwell, 2019). The test also reflects that I am capable of the visual learning style. Visuals understand best from a demonstrative example and remember well the location of objects and the path; they are well-oriented in space. As the test shows, Read / Write Strategies, which are characterized by memorizing information through writing, are not the most suitable for me. Thus, VARK questionnaire reflects what type of learning is typical for a person. As for my personal learning strategy, I prefer to use a multimodal approach, which entails student’s participation in work involving all channels of information perception whenever possible. The test results confirm it since the difference in indicators for the main learning styles is only 1 point. My multimodality is about applying different learning styles to specific situations. Everyday examples from my life can easily support it: I prefer to listen to audiobooks, and when I study new data, I retell it for better assimilation. In some cases, I use the visual style of learning, which is also confirmed by the test results. For example, I can memorize a poem by reading it several times, and an image of this verse will form in my head. None
The fight for the independence of Latin America was of great historical significance. As a result of this struggle, the people inhabiting the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies achieved national independence that served their vital interests. Among the leaders of the struggle for independence came from different classes. However, because of the small and weak colonial bourgeoisie, the liberation movement’s leadership was, in most cases, in the hands of the Creole landlords. The growth of opposition among the Creoles and the emergence of secret Creole organizations aimed at plotting were also the reasons why this group led the uprising. By the end of the 18th century, in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in America, the bourgeoisie formation accelerated, the layer of Creoles focused on foreign markets strengthened, and the intelligentsia emerged. These social groups were acutely dissatisfied with the colonial authorities’ policy of severe restrictions on trade and enterprise (Doc. B). They also resented the discrimination against the Creoles in the legal sphere and the lack of favorable conditions for creative activity. At the same time, the great mass of peasants, consisting of Indians and mestizos, was brutally exploited. They sought the opportunity to work freely on their ancestral lands. The struggle of the people of Spanish America for independence objectively met the needs of capitalist development, which was impeded by the colonial regime. The international situation was favorable to the struggle for independence. At the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries, Spain was involved in devastating wars with France and England. In these circumstances, the Creole opposition intensified its activities. During this period, secret patriotic organizations were established throughout Spanish America. Their goal was to prepare an armed action and overthrow Spanish colonial oppression. The Creole opposition led uprisings because they were in need of the elimination of colonial taxes and restrictions on trade and industry. It was for Creole entrepreneurs that the markets of the colonies and even those of the metropolises became cramped. For their continued growth, free access to the world market was vital. Moreover, it was on their side in the competition with Europeans that they had the advantage of the abundance, cheapness, and virgin fertility of the lands of the New World. In them, the ideas of liberalism found the most ardent admirers, determined fighters for complete freedom of trade and enterprise. Moreover, this ideology was incompatible not only with the Iberian but also with any other colonial restrictions. In addition to their place in the colonial economy, the Creole upper class diff