ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Canadian music is worthy of attention for many reasons. They involve the absence of cultural diversity, the desire to create and develop images but not just to sell them, and, of course, the use of music for personal satisfaction. Such devotion to own traditions and negation of popular culture is one of the first sings of authenticity in Canadian music. In this paper, the constructions of authenticity in Canadian music will be explained and investigated by means of the deep analysis of a true meaning of the world “authenticity”, peculiarities of Canadian music, and the consequences, which take place around the constructions of authenticity. The concept of authenticity aims at defining original from fake, relic from changed, and trustworthy from false; in Canadian music, constructions of authenticity usually depend on the environment, nature of learning, and some other theoretical interpretations, which lead to variations in authentic interpretations and assessments of performance, competence, and expertise. Canadian music is considered to be the topic for discussion for many people of different age. This type of music, as in any other country, has its own genres and peculiarities, this is why the concept of its authenticity differs from the others even if the constructions of authenticity remain to be the same. In spite of the fact that the music of Canada was constantly under the pressure of the American culture and traditions, in the middle of the 1990s, “the Canadian music industry as a whole was considerably stronger” (Shuker 73) and proved its rights to existence and independent development. One of the most amazing things about Canadian music is the ways of its creations: people do not actually care about popular culture that created not by masses but for these masses, their primary goal is to take into consideration own interests, represent their intentions and thoughts, and be happy to share interesting ideas through their music. This music is created by Canadians and for Canadians, and if it is created in this way only, its authenticity is to be beyond any doubt, and its components can be easily determined. Modern pop Canadian music dominates the airwaves: the songs of Celine Dion are known to the vast majority of the world, the works of Neil Young cannot stop impressing people, and the voice of Paul Anka is recognizable in many countries. The concept of authenticity may be understood in different ways, and one of them is closely connected to “assumptions about the moment of commodification, when indigenous or folk musical traditions came into contact with wider musical economies” (Connell and Gibson 28). In other words, when we talk about Canadian music authenticity, we mean the value, according to which this music is perceived and analyzed by its cultural and certain social origins. In comparison to American music, Canadian music is not that commercial and comes more from people’s hearts. This is why it is not enough just to have pretty face, fine body, and nice voice in order to present really authentic music, because its true authenticity lies deeper inside and requires more attention to t
Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy refers to “the government spending policies that influence macroeconomic conditions” (Mankiw, 2002, p. 89). Such polices have a direct impact on tax rates, interest rates as well as government expenditure. The two instruments used in the implementation of fiscal policy include taxation and government expenditure. The use of the two instruments involves manipulating the level of government spending and or tax collection in order to influence the aggregate demand and the level of activity in the economy. Shifts in Aggregate Demand Diagram 1 P: price Y: national income AS: aggregate supply AD: aggregate demand In diagram 1, the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right from AD 1 to AD 2 as a result of fiscal policy changes such as increase in government spending and or a reduction in tax rates. The shift causes an increase in GDP from y 1 to y 2 alongside price increase from p 0 to p 1 . A decrease in tax rate leaves the citizens with a greater disposable income and the resulting increase in their purchasing power leads to an increase in aggregate demand. Increase in government expenditure causes an increase in aggregate demand due to the fact that it involves spending in both capital and consumer goods (Mankiw, 2002, p. 102). The aggregate demand curve shifts to the left from AD 1 to AD 0 due to fiscal policy changes such as a reduction in government spending and or an increase in tax rate. The shift causes national income to reduce from y 1 to y 0 and a fall in prices from p 1 to p 0 . Effectiveness of the Policy A shift in aggregate demand is achieved through an expansionary or a contractionary fiscal policy. An expansionary fiscal policy is associated with crowding-out effect and a reduction in exports (Mankiw, 2002, p. 136). Crowding-out effect limits private investments as interest rates rise due to government borrowing. The high interest rates lead to massive capital inflows and appreciation of domestic currency. Thus exports become more expensive and their demand reduces. Australia’s Fiscal Policy Stance In the 2010/11 budget the government intends to increase its expenditure and to lower taxes in order to stimulate economic growth and to ease the cost of living. Those receiving salaries of up to $30,000 will now benefit from a tax free threshold as high as $16,000. The 30% tax rate will now be charged on earnings beginning from $ 37,001 instead of $ 35,001(Australian Government, 2011). Those whose earnings range between $ 80,000 and $ 180,000 will pay income tax at 37% instead of 38%. The government will also invest $1billion in infrastructure, $661.2 million in creating new skills and
Introduction Many historians and musicians believe strongly that Lalo Guerrero is the father of Chicano Music. Guerrero became the first artist “to produce powerful Latino songs” (Herrera-Sobek 12). Guerrero songs “illuminated the experiences and expectations of many Latinos throughout the 20 th century” (Castro 34). The artist was birth in 1916. Lalo’s mother encouraged him to focus on his talent. Most of Guerrero’s relatives and relatives also encouraged him to write more songs. Guerrero produced “many songs in both English and Spanish” (Castro 36). The artist also encouraged many Latino musicians throughout his career. This paper describes the achievements of Lalo Guerrero as an influential Chicano musician. Lalo Guerrero: the Father of Chicano Music Many Latinos in America have acknowledged and praised Guerrero’s contributions to Chicano Music. Many scholars and historians “believe strongly that Lalo Guerrero is the father of Chicano Music” (Castro 12). According to Castro (18), “Guerrero is the only artist who has written and composed many songs in different Latino genres”. Lalo’s “favorite genres included banda, nortena, salsa, cumbias, mambos, corridos, boleros, and rancheras” (Castro 35). The musician also “produced numerous parodies such as Pancho Claus , Elvis Perez , and Toscos for Two ” (Castro 72). Most of Guerrero’s songs are popular in different parts of the world. Lalo’s “songs have also become the standard of Mexican music” (Castro 36). A number of efforts and abilities made it easier for Lalo Guerrero to become an influential artist. For instance, Guerrero wrote and produced quality songs during his career. Many Chicanos in America “continued to support Guerrero’s songs” (Franco par. 4). Many non-Latinos in America also appreciated his songs. The artist “focused on the best lyrical contents in order to entertain his listeners” (Castro 47). Guerrero also “pioneered a new style called the corridos” (Castro 46). Guerrero’s “ Pancho Lopez became a powerful hit in the country despite receiving negative feedbacks from many whites” (Castro 87). The artist also shared most of his ideas and talents with every upcoming Latino artist. He also worked with other musicians in order to produce better styles. This fact explains why the musician influenced many Chicano artists. Guerrero “performed in different nations such as France, Mexico, the Uni
Week 9 The efforts to US’s economic recovery in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s sparked a series of economic programs under an umbrella name, the ‘New Deal.’ The mission of the ‘New Deal’ was to: enhance employment vital in poverty reduction; enhance economic recovery to the customary levels, and to revamp the financial system to avert a recurrence of the economic recession. To many historians, this mission can be summarized as the ‘3 Rs’ i.e. relief, recovery and reform. From these, we can delineate the mission a short-term prevention e.g. creation of employment, or long-term prevention e.g. revamping the financial sector (Jones 101). Significantly, the dawn of the ‘New Deal’ triggered political realignments with the majority of the congress men shifting support to the pro-New Deal architects, who dominating the congress with their liberal ideas. This was to the credit of the ‘common man’ since they were empowered through different institutions and unions e.g. the labor union. The realignments enhanced the formation of new coalitions across the board; the Republicans split into liberals, ‘pro-New Deal,’ and conservatives, ‘anti-New Deal,’ with the former merging with majority Democrats in support of President Roosevelt. In effect, President Roosevelt expanded his authority to rarely non-South, Democrat strongholds, consequently enjoying a massive support from the congress (Jones 102). This new alliance incorporated novel programs to the previous program thus earning the name ‘Second New Deal.’ To the previous program, the ‘First New Deal,’ which was apparently a stimulus program e.g. the ‘Federal Emergency Relief Administration,’ they incorporated, for instance, the ‘Wagner Act,’ which boosted the labor unions. In a nutshell, the ‘Second New Deal’ was an amalgam of several programs that forged cooperation among several groups/institutions across the board including businesses, labor, consumers and the government. Noteworthy, whatever prompted the ‘New Deal’ (1933-38) was the preceding economic recession- the ‘Great Depression’ (1929-33). However, the program received a blow in the year 1937 owing to an economic re
Introduction Even though that formally, both: Cervantes’ Don Quixote and Mollière’s Orgon can be referred to as people suffering from mental inadequateness, the closer look at these characters reveals their eccentricities as being essentially different. Whereas, Don Quixote’s inborn sense of idealism had prompted him to embark on the quest of “improving the world”, Orgon’s idealism had resulted in him beginning to deny the objective reality as “worthless”, since it had nothing to do with Christian dogmatism. This statement will serve us as the main thesis for this paper, because in it, we will aim to prove that, even though Don Quixote and Orgon seem to be out of this world, it would be a mistake to draw a parallel between them, as being affected by “wackiness” to the same degree, simply because Don Quixote’s behavior appears as being just too noble to be referred to as insane, whereas Orgon’s behavior appears as being too insane, to be referred to as noble. Don Quixote For us to get a better understanding as to what had prompted Don Quixote to fight windmills as “evil giants”, to free criminals as “noble prisoners” and to challenge peasants to a fight, as “knights”, we will need to define a spiritual foundation, upon which Western civilization is built. It is because Europeans were being entitled with the sense of idealism that allowed them to indulge in abstract philosophizing, which in its turn, created preconditions for the emergence of science and culture. Therefore, even though Don Quixote’s eccentric perception of the world does not seem to have anything to do with the objective reality, it nevertheless cannot be referred to as utterly counter-productive. We can say that Don Quixote perceives things as not what they are, but as what they ought to be. We can say that Don Quixote’s apparent craziness is nothing but a side effect of Cervantes’ hero struggling with boredom. “He is not mad,’ said Sancho, ‘but he is venturesome” (Cervantes Ch. XVII). It is not by pure accident that Cervantes describes Don Quixote as belonging to Nordic anthropological type, whereas Sancho Panza is being presented to us as the product of racial mixing, which in its turn, explains his inability to expand his mind, in the way his master was capable of doing. The very concept of Western civilization is closely associated with Europeans’ ability to adjust the surrounding reality to their wishes; therefore, we cannot discuss Don Quixote’s willingness to fight windmills as simply a reflection of his mental inadequacy. We can say that by deciding to fight windmills as “evil giants”, Don Quixote had proven himself as a true European, because White people namely can deal with impossible odds and still be able to come
In his Metamorphoses, Ovid conveyed the mythological essence of the origin of Roman culture. Ovid selected specific details of ancient legends, deepening them psychologically, aesthetically, or philosophically. The myth “Europa & Jupiter, the House of Cadmus” narrates the romantic story about the abduction of Europa by Jupiter. Being fascinated by the beauty of Europa, Jove decided to ingratiate himself with her and pretended he was a magnificent bull whose color was “white as virgin snow, untrod, unmelted by the watery Southern Wind” (Ovid). Europa was delighted with the bull’s beauty and peaceful appearance. Her initial fears subsided, and she approached the bull and decorated the horns of a bull with a wreath of flowers. She could not resist his charm and unwittingly “sat down upon the bull’s broad back” (Ovid). Immediately, the god in the guise of a bull jumped into the sea and began to move away from the shore. This mythological episode poetized by Ovid inspired many eminent artists, including Rubens, Zuccarelli, Reni, Tiepolo, Rembrandt, and ot
The crime data explorer on the UCR website revealed that in 2020 there were 398.5 violent crimes committed per 100,000 people. This depicts a substantial increase from a much lower 380.8 average in 2019. Georgia exceeds the national average in 2020 with 400.1 violent crimes per 100,000 people. Additionally, this is a more drastic increase, as 2019 showed that the average rate of crime was 326.2 in the state. Minnesota showed a significantly lower rate with 277.5 crimes per 100,000 people in 2020. It is still an increase from the average of 237.5 the year prior. With these examples in mind, it can be said that the average crime rates have increased in multiple locations, if not nationwide. 1,203,808 violent crimes known to law enforcement occurred in the year 2019 within the United States. The number of overall violent crimes in 2018 was higher, and as such, 2019 depicted a 0.5 decrease in crime rates nationally (UCR Publications, 2019). Other tables have shown that southern regions and states accounted for the most violent crimes, with 41% of all total violent crimes that occurred within the United States in 2019. The Midwest places second with 20.8% of all violent crimes. Both Northeastern and Western areas have shown the least violent crimes with states in the region accounting for 11.2% and 19.3% of violent crimes respectively. The UCR database was able to provide a concise look at the larger picture of crime in the United States. However, it was less effective in depicting the trends and changes to crime. On the other hand, the Crime in the United States database was able to provide detailed information regarding the specifics of crimes in the past few years. The database was less effective in providing connections and comparisons between populations and states. This data is essential in grasping the implication of crime on victimology in the United States. Victimization can be measured through a number of concepts such as hospitalization, reports of crime, rate of incidences, and other factors. Statistics in relation to crime rates are essential in ascertaining the causes of victimization and the ways in which crime rates affect victims. I partially disagree with the post, as current numbers indicate an increase in crime rates, however, this may be the result of improved reporting and not a rise in actually committed crimes. Reference UCR Publications. 2019 crime in the United States [Data set]. Web.
Gattaca is a futuristic film set in what is dubbed as a ‘not-too-distant future.’ The movie elicits the longstanding debate on the role and place of genetic engineering amongst human beings. Directed by Andrew Niccol, the film is set in California, and it does not take sides on whether genetic engineering is good or bad; on the contrary, the director leaves this aspect open for the audience to decide. This paper reviews the movie, Gattaca, and links it to a humanity lecture on technology and society. The movie revolves around Vincent, who is born naturally, and thus he is dubbed an ‘invalid’ because the ‘valid’ are born via genetic engineering. According to the standards of the day, Vincent can only live for 30.2 years due to the inherent genetic weaknesses, which are occasioned by his natural birth. Therefore, his parents decide to use genetic engineering to give birth to Anton. The two brothers are entangled in a swimming competition, and Vincent is the anticipated loser. Vincent can compete fairly, but he loses due to societal stereotypes that he is inferior. Nevertheless, Vincent uncovers the stereotype, challenges Anton to a swimming competition, and he wins it. Actually, Anton drowns, and Vincent comes to his help. Vincent has a dream of becoming an astronaut, but his genetic makeup cannot allow such an endeavor. Therefore, he fakes a ‘valid’ identity by using different genetic makeup from Jerome, who is paralyzed after trying to commit suicide. However, before his maiden flight, Vincent realizes that he needs one more sample from Jerome. Unfortunately, Jerome is gone, but Dr. Lamar, the official taking care of the verification procedure, makes an unraveling confession. Apparently, he knows that Vincent has been faking his ‘valid’ status. He adds that his son idolizes Vincent. Dr. Lamar rues that the genetic engineering façade does not deliver what it promised as the ‘valid’ have inherent shortcomings. As aforementioned, the movie majors on the controversial issue of genetic engineering. A society of genetically engineered individuals will not materialize in the near future, at least not in this century or the next one. Genetic engineering comes with numerous shortcomings, and Niccol highlights this issue in the film. For instance, Anton loses to Vincent in a swimming competition. Anton is a product of genetic engineering, and thus conventionally, he should have more stamina as compared to Vincent. On the contrary, Vincent appears to be performing better as compared to the ‘valid’. For instance, Irene has a heart condition, which can lead to heart failure anytime. Similarly, Jerome tries to commit suicide after losing a swimming competition, yet he is believed to have the best genetic makeup in the team. In addition, Dr. Lamar notes that genetic engineering is a lie, and he admires Vincent’s natural stamina. Therefore, given the many inherent shortcomings associated with ge
According to Webley and Le Jeune (2005), a code of conduct is simply a formal policy document which has been established by a corporation, with the aim of defining its responsibilities towards its key stakeholders and the nature of conduct which the organisation would expect of its work force. In other words, these are the set standards governing the behavior of stakeholders and employees within an organisation. Codes of conduct have always proved to be essential in the modern business environment, where they are employed in guiding the behavior of key operational units within organisations (Kolk 2002). Effective implementation and enforcement of such codes is a crucial part of the global supply chain, since they contribute to efficient and effective performance and productivity of firms. In this regard, global supply chain managers should always observe serious compliance of the codes, so as to create fair environmental and social conditions for their employees. Despite the dominance which these ethical standards tend to have on modern businesses, there is more than enough evidence that there is still low compliance of the codes by many global supply chain firms across the world. As it will be observed in the following case, the issue of child labour is among the many challenges that have continued to affect the management of modern global supply chains. While it is the role of managers to oversee the enforcement of ethical requirements and standards in their respective organisations, there is ample evidence that these people are faced by endless ethical dilemmas in their leadership roles. Global supply chain managers constantly come across serious challenges in matters that would require them to deal ethically with their business stakeholders. As it would be observed, child labour, commonly practiced in most industrialised countries, is arguably among the emerging issues that have continued to affect the management of the global supply chains today. Child labour is a practice whereby underaged children are engaged in economical activities, thus ending up being deprived of their childhood rights and privileges. In most cases, 14 and below is the age level that specifies someone as a child or a minor in business codes. Many firms in industrialised countries have fully adopted the idea of child labour as a form of competitive advantage, considering the incessant pressures of heightening market competition and economical globalisation (Egels-Zanden 2007). Even though the practice is likely to generate immense benefits to firms and the working families, it brings serious effects on children. One of the many implications associated with the practice is that it denies the kids an opportunity to attain important requirements of life, such as education. Other possible effects of child labour is that, children are under the threat of getting exposed to bad working conditions, and this could sometimes result to unbearable psychological and emotional pressure. It is for these reasons why many countries across the world have come up with chi