ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction For a state to be categorized as strong, it needs to be sovereign. A sovereign state is a country that is free to follow its plans without depending on other countries. On the other hand, a weak state is a country that lacks economic, political, and social stability, hence, it’s unable to implement its strategies. The following paper examines if Cambodia is a strong or weak state. Main text Cambodia is a poor country since it cannot fund its budget expenditure from internal sources, making it necessary to borrow funds from other external bodies such as the IMF and World Bank. The country also overlies donor funding for various country’s projects such as medical health care. In addition, the first world countries, especially U.S. have imposed sanctions on Cambodia to force them to change their political systems. The second way that external funding has affected the state is that it has encouraged corruption and reduced accountability. Money received from external sources is poorly managed, hence encouraging misappropriation. Finally, foreign aid has changed the country’s autonomy by increasing infighting for the control of the external resources. Foreign aid provided to the country is not used for development, but to benefit key individuals in the state. United Nations and World Bank have provided a lot of funding for Cambodia to develop. However, there are a few improvements in the country compared to the amount of external financing. External funding provided does not in any way benefit the poor in the country, due to corruption. Aid workers have portrayed the country as poor while they are among those who take advantage of grant activities. Rescue workers are either motivated by personal interest or professionalism in the sector. The high numbers of such workers in Cambodia have portrayed the country as a weak state that cannot provide for its citizens. Due to a lack of qualified aid workers locally, most non-governmental organizations are forced to hire staff from other nations. The societal structure is dysfunctional due to previous civil wars that ended after the signing of the peace treaty. Cambodia’s society is volatile, deeply conflicted, and divided based on political affiliations. The country is controlled by an authoritarian ruler who dictates what the society can do and not do. A state’s neighbors are an important aspect when determining the strength of a country. If a country has peaceful and prosperous neighboring countries, then it is strong. Cambodia borders Vietnam, which is a volatile country that has had major civil war due
The religious theme is one of the most popular ones presented in the works of the famous artists of Italian Renaissance. There are a lot of frescoes and paintings which reflect different religious scenes and are used for decorating the most important chapels and cathedrals in Europe. The theme of the Assumption of the Virgin is portrayed by many artists. Nevertheless, today critics consider Antonio da Correggio’s Assumption of the Virgin as one of the most prominent frescoes of the late Renaissance which influenced the works of such artists as Carlo Cignani and Giovanni Lanfranco. Correggio’s Assumption of the Virgin is unique in its complex composition which represents the details of Mary’s Assumption with the help of clear foreshortenings and the perfect illusionistic elements which create the effect of the ascension to heavens. The period of Renaissance in Italy can be considered as the revolution of the aesthetical visions of people and as the extreme increase of the development of arts 1 . The artistic works were directed toward people as individuals with references to Humanism, but also represented the religious aspects which were connected with the people’s inner world and beliefs. Antonio da Correggio is one of the most interesting figures of the late Renaissance, but in spite of his great talent he was not as well-known in Italy and abroad as, for instance, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci because his activity was not developed in central towns of the country 2 . Thus, Antonio Allegri was born in a small Italian town Correggio which gave him his second name, and he became famous for his works which are located in Parma’s churches. However, he gained the critics’ recognition only after his death when numerous successors inspired by his frescoes created their own works. Nowadays the audience has the opportunity to admire the works by Correggio predominantly in Parma where the most interesting his fresco, the masterpiece of the religious art known as Assumption of the Virgin, can be observed. The other Correggio’s religious images and his works on the mythological theme did no
Introduction In determining whether a curriculum is effective, there is need for its evaluation by looking at the results that it yields. In this discussion, we consider that a committee has been formed that is aimed at the creation of a CWC that is to be adopted in the district. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it attempts to highlight similarities and differences between the evaluation of the curriculum in contrast with the evaluation of individual learners. Secondly, it will advocate the systems that are to be employed in order to review the evaluation process steadily and finally, it will be aimed at looking at the pros and cons of various instruments used in the evaluation process. In evaluating a curriculum, there is need for the evaluation of individual learners who are its beneficiaries (Posner & Rudnitsky, 2006).. There are processes that can be employed to determine whether the results of the committee are viable for wide application in the district. There are also specific performance evaluation tools that can be used in the process. Discussion The process of evaluation will need to be done using proven research techniques in order to get the feedback of the stakeholders. Only with their inputs can one actually tell whether the recommendations of the committee are applicable in the furthering of education in a wider setup. In conducting the research, the first consideration
Response to the increasing communication complaints in the King Abdullah Scholarship Program Prepared for This submission is prepared in response to the increasing complaints revolving around communication barriers between the Saudi students studying in Canada and the employees running the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) in Saudi Arabia. Over the past few decades, students have been alleging that complaints and queries sent to the program committee do not reach the intended recipient. Even if they reach the committee, the students rarely receive feedback. Therefore, this note is directed to the newly appointed head of the Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau (SACB) in Canada, Dr. Ali Mohammed. Besides, it contains recommendations on ways to improve the communications systems in place in a bid to ensure effective communication between the students and SACB. Issue For the program to have smooth-running operations, it has to create an effective communication system between the students and the staff members at the ministry of higher education. Communication between the involved stakeholders is essential since it allows the students to air their grievances and offer recommendations. Therefore, an effective communication system is of great relevance since it will help the program managers in the formulation of strategies and policies to improve the program following reviews obtained from the beneficiaries. Recommendations Since the program was launched, students have had difficulties communicating with the administration committee to air their grievances and proposals. The following recommendations should be followed  1. The creation of an official phone number that will be used by students to contact committee members directly  2. The creation of a students’ portal to allow live online chats between students and the committee members  3. Other alternatives would include the creation of an official email address If well implemented, the three options will go a long way in addressing the issues revolving around communication barriers, which are evident in this case. Rationale This submission recommends three significant courses of action to address the issue of barrier in communication that has been cited by students. Among the three identified courses of action, the most recommendable one is the creation of an official phone number to allow direct communication between the students and the committee members in Saudi Arabia. A phone call allows direct communication between the two parties, and it ensures that information reaches the inten
Introduction The humanistic psychological theory is a psychosomatic point of view which ascended to importance in the middle of the 20th century and drew on the efforts of early groundbreakers like Carl Rogers and the values of existentialism and phenomenology. The approach of this psychological theory is the study of the whole being, and the distinctiveness of each person (Psychology Theories, 2010). It takes up a holistic advance to human being way of life by way of examination of significance, scopes, independence, catastrophe, individual dependability, human prospect, religion and self-actualization. Humanistic scientists look at human being actions not only through the point of view of the viewer, but all the way through the perspective of the individual carrying out the act. Experts in this theory accept as true that a person’s act(s) is linked to his or her private sentiments and the way they view themselves. This advance in psychology came up as a revolt in opposition to what a number of psychological experts saw as drawbacks of the behaviorist and psychodynamic psychological theories (Psychology Theories, 2010). Consequently, this approach is time and again referred to as the third force in psychological science. The effect of humanistic psychological theory can be seen in the form of three main spheres. It put forward a fresh set of standards for moving toward an inferring of human being temperament and the human situation. Secondly it put forward a developed scope of techniques of analysis in the learning of human being conduct and finally put forward a wider array of more effectual ways in the specialized carry out of psychiatric therapy. Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism refers to the predisposition to accept as true that one’s ethnic or way(s) of life is essentially important, and that all other groupings are appraised in relation to one’s own. An ethnocentric person will pass judgment on other groups of people in relation to his or her own particular racial group or way of life, in particular with relation to verbal communication, conduct, traditions and religious conviction. These cultural peculiarities and sub-divisions serve well to characterize each civilization’s exceptional enriching uniqueness (Humanistic Theory in Personality Synopsis, 2002). Ethnocentric limitations of the humanistic psychological theory According to humanistic psychology theory, interactions between culturally unlike groups are affected by their ethnocentric perspectives of each other. Various facets of human life and interactions have been and still are being impacted, mostly negatively by this phenomenon. In the healthcare sector for instance, ethnocentrism in most cases leads to professional(s) getting the wrong end of the stick in relation to cross-cultural circumstances, bringing into play their individual convictions, which over and over again are poles apart from those with whom they are work together with. It guides to formulaic conceptions and lack of respect, which results in delivery of ethnically proficient healthcare. In cases wh
Introduction Various changes that happen in the area of higher education require immediate action from the institutions. It is believed that community colleges have to be redesigned to meet the needs and goals of the younger generation and provide high-quality education to them. In addition, reformations should be guided by cultural awareness to ensure community colleges’ effectiveness and contributions. The Voluntary Framework of Accountability (VFA) is created as several measures that investigate the success of educational institutions in serving students. The detailed descriptions provided in the document indicate various processes that community colleges can engage in. Therefore, the following paper will use the data presented in the manual and in other academic sources to align program outcomes to diverse student goals. Main text The results of educational plans have to meet the goals of individuals who receive this education. In case the outcomes do not match the aims of students, they prove to be less effective and unworthy for the future careers of young professionals. As mentioned by Fong et al., (2018), community colleges’ failure to align with the preferences of their students results in putting them at risk of academic difficulty. At the same time, those institutions that
Introduction With increased competition in today’s business world, organizations are compelled to adopt new strategies that will distinguish them from the rest. Change within organizations is therefore a very common occurrence. According to Wood (1), organizations are made to undergo numerous changes to address the issue of competition. These may include redesigning structures within the organization, venturing into new grounds, introducing new technologies and products etc. A new idea that is now central to operations of many organizations in the United States is outsourcing. In outsourcing, a company or an organization subcontracts part of its operations to a third party agent. A definition given by Elmuti (1), regards outsourcing as an approach where an organization delegates major but usually non-core operations to specialized service of providers. These are functions that an organization is not good at and are thus given to others who are better (Kumar & Eickhoff 246). Though favored by many businesses in America, it is surrounded by so much controversy and many Americans are convinced that organizations involved in outsourcing are denying them an opportunity to earn. In this paper, I will discuss the benefits and negative aspects of outsourcing, effects on organizational behavior and finally, what can be done to facilitate an easy transition for all stakeholders. Benefits and Negative Aspects of Outsourcing Outsourcing or offshoring as it is sometimes referred to, can be beneficial to an organization in a number of ways. Wood (1) argues that besides making it easier for executives to make decisions much faster, outsourcing also opens a new a venue for income to the organization. Another key benefit of offshoring is the significant reduction in labor costs. There have been repeated allegations by offshore vendors that it costs one five times less per hour to have an IT job done in Bangalore, India or even in Beijing, China than it will cost to have the same job done in the United States (Overby 1). Obviously, this is not
There is usually a lot of confusion when finding out the difference between the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia. Gaining a clear understanding of the countries requires an individual to have a good knowledge on different issues such as political system of a country, geographical location as well as cultural practices that are valued. In terms of the number of states, the UK has a total of four countries namely Northern Ireland, Wales, England and Scotland. On the other hand, the United States of America comprises of 50 states. Australia has a total of six states namely Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Queensland and the New South Wales. It is important to note that unlike in the USA and UK, Australia has other separate regions that are still part and parcel of the country. These are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Another difference between thee three countries is based on power sharing. In the United Kingdom, power comes from a central source whereby each of the country is expected to respect the laws and regulations that unite them as a bloc. In the US, all the 50 states rely on power that comes from the United States’ federal government. In the case of Australia, power comes from the Australian law that was adopted sometimes back to assist in running the country. The Australian law is categorized into three main groups namely the legislative power, judicial power and finally the executive power. The three countries also have differences in other areas such as in the provision of education and healthcare services to their citizens. In the United Ki
Every business organization has its own philosophy, which drives it towards big success. The same is true for insurance companies that offer different types of insurance covers. Usually, the founders of any organization architect the philosophy under which it will operate. The inception of State Farm Insurance Company dates back to 1922 when one farmer, George Mercherle opted to work as an insurance agent because his health conditions could not allow him to continue farming. He turned out to be one of the best sales representatives for an insurance company he was working with. However, at one point, Mercherle was not happy with the company’s insurance policy to farmers. According to him, the company oppresses farmers through low insurance rates and poor business practices. Farmers paid high premiums despite the fact that they incurred less compensation incidents and drove less kilometers that those staying in urban areas. Over time, Mercherle recommended new policies that detailed new modalities of selling insurance to farmers and city folks. Nonetheless, the employers turned down the offer and instead, told him to go and start his own insurance company. Driven by desire to offer better insurance, Mercherle and other people with same views started State Farm Insurance Company. The policyholders became the owners of this automobile insurance company and in 1928, the company started to decentralize starting from an area office in Berkeley, California. By the year 2000, State Farm had grown into a great insurance empire with over 27 regional offices and 1000 service centers all over United States and Canada. (Rhonda, 2010, p.1). The philosophy of State Farm Insurance lies in offering insurance coverage at an affordable price in tandem with flaxen claim resolution. This philosophy has been the driving gear of State Farm Insurance Company and today, with 76,500 workers and over 16,000 insuring agents, the company posses with 67 million policies and an asset base of US$ 25 billion-making it the biggest fiscal institution in United States. The current philosophy of “Good Neighbor” is a reckoning force behind State Farm success. This philosophy has remained vital in establishing different insurance covers at affordable price to consumers. For example, under home insurance cover, State Farm insurers all types of houses ranging from single homes to
The world is moving forward, and it is currently changing from the industrial age to the age of information technology. Technology is constantly changing at a fast rate. The United States of America is the leader in technological advancement in relation to military activities. The military has seen transformations in the weaponry and machinery use. These aspects are getting sophisticated, effective and efficient through the use of microprocessors. Good examples of these advances are smart weapons, fly by wire aircraft systems and smart ships. This improvement in technology has reduced the number of deaths and destruction common in military excursions. The military aims at attacking the right targets without endangering the lives of innocent civilians. With the current advancements in technology, this has been achieved. In fact, the United States of America has achieved some of these objectives. This has ensured that ethical conduct is followed in the battle field. War in the common society is normally associated with deaths, killings and wanton destruction. In most cultures, killing is considered unethical (Carroll, 53). However, there are exceptions in relation to this in many parts of the world. For instance, there are societies that offer human beings as sacrifice. Besides, a person would be given a death sentence. It is sad that war is inevitable in society. It forms part of the human life in the society. A person is quick to state that justification of a war is valid when all means of diplomacy fail between warring parties. A war is considered ethical and moral when based on legal, ethical and moral gauges. The use of guided missile has proved to be the proverbial water shade in military technology. This has seen the evolution of war machinery at a quick pace. Ancient war techniques are no longer viable because the face of war is changing and it only favors parties with modern technology. A good example of the evolution of war machinery involves dropping of bombs. In the World War II, about 108 bomber planes would drop 650 bombs to annihilate a single target while, in the Vietnam War, the number of bombs decreased sharply to 180 for a single target. Nowadays, it requires about three laser guided missiles to destroy a single target. The American society views the development of smart technology as unethical because it has taken away the human element in war. Lack of human judgment in the smart weapons eliminates the mercy factor. Secondly, research required for smart weapons takes a lot of money. Besides, it requires skilled personnel to successful complete War related projects. Funds used for the above project come from taxes. At times, innocent lives of civilians are lost in the battle field. Furthermore, innocent people are subjected to suffering (Carroll, 57). In World War II, a lot of civilians died. Besides, destruction occurred in places that were not targets of the military. This wordplay is vital in advocating for ethically right practices in relation to military activities. Virtue ethics is the trait of a moral beacon. A good example is the collateral damage reduction policies enacted by the United States of Americ