ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Magnetic resonance imagery, commonly referred to as MRI within the medical community is a non-invasive procedure and instrument that is utilized to aid in diagnostic exercises. The MRI produces cross-sectional images of a patient’s body through the use of magnetization and electromagnetic fields to produce a high resolution, and three-dimensional image of a patient’s body or tissue (Gomillion, et al. 2007). The purpose of this article is to detail the theory behind the functionality of the MRI, its standard operation, the various advantages and disadvantages associated with its usage, as well as the basic construction of a typical MRI machine (Noll, 2001). This article will be divided into subsections, each of which is detailed in the table of contents. It is the aim of this article to provide its reader with a more accurate and complete summary of the medical use of magnetic resonance imagery. Theoretical Basis of Magnetic Resonance Imagery The human body, like all matter, is made up of a collection of atoms, which contain different numbers of subatomic particles – namely protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each element within the periodic table, as well as its associated isotopes, is created through various combinations of subatomic particles. These atoms or atomic particles are then arranged in a specific pattern to create simple to complex materials, including everything from a simple water molecule to complex nerve and brain tissue. It is these patterns, both atomic and subatomic, and their characteristics that allow the theory behind magnetic resonance imagery to operate (Noll, Gomillion, et. Al., 2001, 2007). When a particular atomic particle has an uneven number of protons or neutrons, the electrical charge becomes unneutral. This neutrality leads to a slight magnetic field for each atom, as well as a minuscule electrical charge, much like a current of electrons that is passing
Company Background Virgin Airlines was established in 1984 in the United Kingdom with its president being Sir Richard Branson. Over the years it has been in operation, the airline has managed to attain an optimal market position (Plunkett Research Limited, 2004, p.87). For example, the airline has increasingly become popular amongst travelers around the world. Currently, the airline is one of the leading firms within the United Kingdom airline industry. By venturing into the industry, the objective of Virgin Atlantic was offer high quality travel services to its customers at a minimal cost. On the other hand, British Airways was established in 1935 in the UK. The airline operates on a global scale serving more than 300 destinations (Belliotti, 2008, p.66). Marketing communication strategies Considering the fact that the firms intends to influence the consumers decision making process through their marketing communication, both Virgin Airlines and British Airways have integrated pull marketing communication strategies. According to McCabe (2009, p.195), the pull strategy is mainly focused at the consumers. As a result, the message adopted during the communication is intended at informing, persuading, and reminding the customers regarding the existence of the product in the market (Rao, n.d, p.45). In order for the pull strategy to be effective, the two firms have incorporated diverse marketing communication techniques. Marketing communication objectives In their operation, both Virgin Atlantic and British Airways are aimed at attaining a number of objectives as outlined below.  1. To increase the firm’s level of awareness regarding the firm and its products.  2. To create a preference amongst the customers to purchase the firms products over other competing products.  3. To increase the customer base by encouraging potential customers who have never travelled using the airline to try it out.  4. To reinforce desirable purchasing behavior amongst the customers.  5. To create a strong customer relationship. Positioning strategy According to Longenecker (2010, p.34), positioning strategy contribute to a firm attaining an optimal market position and to also enhance its image in the customers’ minds. In its operation, Virgin Atlantic has adopted the gap positioning strategy. This enables the firm to communicate to its target customers the firm’s brand concept. Some of the issues communicated using this positioning strategy include the firms innovativeness, the unique characteristics of its products, and high quality of its products. On the other hand, British Airways has positioned itself in the market through differentiation. The airline intends to portray itself as an airline that is caring, conscious of the consumers comfort and class Virgin Atlantic -Integrated marketing communication mix In executing its marketing activities, Virgin Airlines has appreciated the importance of ensuring efficient marketing communication. To achieve this, th
Introduction Some people claim that there is no place for traditional values in modern society. This essay will discuss this view based on today’s culture and modernization. The industrial revolution was perceived as a turning point in history since it was a transformational era for the whole world. It led to current modernization, which has heavily influenced humans. Naturally, people across the globe perceived it with mixed reactions. While some see the trend as the best thing that has ever happened to humans, others view it as a curse, following the nightmares associated with it. According to one of the opposing views, the major negative impact is that there is no place for tradition in modern society. The cultural and moral values are rapidly fading away as people continue to adjust to the patterns of modernization (Inglehart & Baker, 2000). Many individuals worldwide are not practicing their culture, owing to modernization. This, however, has raised much criticism. Numerous people think that modernization should not be taken as a trade-off for our traditional cultures. Trying to see whether modern trends have replaced cultural beliefs and practices, this essay emphasizes that preserving traditions is the best path to follow. Discussion Culture simply refers to the way of life followed by a particular community, and which is passed from one generation to another. Modernisation, on the other hand, is the process of adopting new trends of life in order to comply with the current demands of life. As we all know, people are born and brought up in cultural environments, and in that case, culture can be termed as the unique possession of every human being on earth. Apart from being the shared behaviours or attitudes that we possess as humans, culture is also that complex whole comprising of the general characteristics of life that we acquire as members of society (Thomas, Fine & Ibrahim, 2004). Based on these observations, it is clear that culture has great importance on humans, and therefore, nothing should be allowed to interfere with it. Even though it is true that globalisation and modernisation are key catalysts of development, developing countries should try to limit the levels by which they embrace these two trends as a way of encouraging and facilitating advancements (Besculides, Lee & McCormick, 2002). Instead of welcoming more technological ideas and aspects, they should try to utilise technological resources appropriately, and focus more on building their own traditions. Simply put, advanced modernisation and technology pose serious threats to our way of life in a number of ways. For example, people, and especially the younger ones, are rarely interactive with their cultural norms due to the nature of the environments they live in. This, however, exposes them to a greater risk of forgetting their own cultural identities. It is patently clear that many people have accorded much concern to the patterns of other cultures, particularly foreign ones, something which has constantly put them in contrary lines with their own cultures (Pieterse, 2009). As we all know, different cultures have different dressing co
Introduction Marriage can be defined differently by different people and from different perspectives. While others say marriage is a contract, some say it is a ceremony while to others it is a union. Generally, marriage is supposed to be bound to people to each other forever. It usually involves the union of two separate individuals who come together to become the same goes for their families. Marriage also involves bringing together two different cultures of the individuals getting married. Culture is very sensitive and human beings should be open and curious to experience and learn from it. The world is changing and so is the behavior and culture of people. People from different worlds and cultures can now co-exist together and even marry each other. Cross-cultural experiences are also increasing and it implies a comparison of some phenomena across cultures for example in marriages (Gudykunst and Kim 18). Cross-cultural marriages acceptance is growing especially for Asian-Americans. Statistics show that cross-cultural marriages between Asians and whites have increased rapidly in the recent decades for both men and women but dealing with the cultural differences has been the main problem and cause for breakups and arguments. Thesis The influence of the individualism-collectivism cultural dimension and elements of non-verbal communications are important in both American and Thai wedding ceremonies. Many cultural differences usually don’t show until after a couple starts planning their wedding and later encounters a significant crisis because one does not take time to understand each other’s customs. This paper will examine two different countries that have different lifestyles, cultures and conduct their wedding ceremonies differently. The two countries are America and Thai. To understand why people do things differently in these countries, we have to familiarize ourselves with cultural differences and examine the future cross-cultural relationship between America and Thai. This paper will highlight pre-ceremony, during the wedding, and post-wedding activities for both cultures. By comparing these cultures we will be able to understand and see the differences between the customs, values and traditions of the two countries. The paper will also examine how individualism and collectivism affects the communication process during weddings in these countries American weddings American weddings have few wedding traditions that are totally unique to America even though individual weddings might be a little different from each other. First, marriages in America are not arranged. American weddings are mostly carried out under the individualism principle. This principle states that people do things according to what they personally believe is right and not according to a collective view. The elements of individualism state that a typical American wedding takes place between two people who have sought out a partner and have found someone with whom they believe they can share their life. The same elements state further that many brides usually prefer a professional wedding planne
Introduction The relationship between total risk, no-diversifiable risk, and diversifiable risk are in the context of the level of diversifiable in the investment portfolio, which is critical in identifying the type of risk to diversify as economic investment environment dynamically changes. In this case, diversifiable risk is the only relevant risk because of its specificity Total risk An aggregate of all the total factors associated with making an investment decision is referred to as total risk. Each of the factors associated with making decisions that have the potential to adversely impacts on business investment making are classified into no-diversifiable and diversifiable risks, making total risks. In this case, total risk needs to be assessed before making an investment to avoid the potential for making loses, which are outcomes that significantly vary from the expected value and financial returns. In this case, the link between total risks and other risks is separated from each other by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), in theory. Here, total risk in finance can be market dependent with attributes where the different market drivers determine the degree of returns for a risk to impact investments. While total risk underlies the perspective of risk in its varied forms, one of the forms of risk is no-diversifiable risk. No-diversified risk No-diversifiable risk, which is also referred to as systematic risk is defined in the context of the entire class of assets and liabilities. The rationale for this type of risk is that the value of an asset depreciates with time as economic factors change with changing market conditions. That is because the risk of an investment asset cannot be mitigated, and that affects both corporate and individual investments. The latter makes it mandatory to add the asset into a diversified investment portfolio, which is then delineated into the no-diversifiable risk. In context, market risks, purchasing power risks, and interest rate risks underlie the driver factors no-diversifiable risk. Another element of risk is diversifiable risk. Diversified risk On the other hand, diversifiable risk is risk defined in the context of unsystematic risk which can be removed through diversification since it belongs to part of an asset’s risk. In this case, diversifiable risk can be narrowed into specific asset-related events in a firm that can be in the form of regulatory actions, lawsuits, loss of a key account, and strikes. The underlying cause of diversifiable risk is
Integrated marketing and communication (IMC) planning is a comprehensive process which involves competitors, customers and the communication methods used by a firm. Castronovo and Huang (2012) indicate that it is through the analysis of these 3C’S –communication, customers and competitors that a business organization may be able to make decisions on its operations. Indeed, business managers should have the right skills in IMC planning for them to be able to choose the appropriate market for their products. In this case, Pizza Hut has to concentrate on positioning its products strategically. The firm has to come up with a plan of making joint decisions due to the stiff competition, fight for customers and promotional techniques. After making these important decisions, the firm should improve its mode of communication. Proper communication should comprise both internal and external movement of information within the entire company. Pizza Hut should then analyze its products and market positioning. It is more appropriate to choose both consumer markets and business markets. In this case, the market conditions will allow the firm to choose product attributes that counter the products of their competitors. Suitable IMC components to be chosen for Pizza Hut include consumer promotions and media spending. These will give the firm the best results. Trade promotions and business to business spending are not good options because Pizza Hut is in a very competitive market (Taylor, 2010). Pure consumer markets are not the best market for top players in an industry. Tosun and Yuksel (2009) note that target markets determine the possible results to be recorded by a given firm. McDonalds is best suited by the vast business market which is available in the larger part of its environment. On the other hand, a dynamic consumer based market is the most appropriate for the development of Pizza Hut. The latter is a business stage which calls for customer’s appealing techniques of service delivery. This can only be achieved in a market which has direct consumers. KFC can do well in dual markets given is consistency in the industry. Tosun and Yuksel (2009) point out that effective product positioning can be achieved by incorporation of cultural symbols, product class, user classes, price and quality, product applications, competitor levels and general product characteristics. McDonald’s uses price and quality positioning. This has been achieved through emphasis of value
Health care insurance Risk, as defined by Nyman, is the element of uncertainty that occurs in a certain situation (p.8). These situations can either be foreseen or unforeseen and may lead to the loss of something of value. Based on these grounds, insurance comes in to diminish an individual’s level of risk. On the other hand, Nyman defines insurance as the means by which risk is shared between the insured individual such as one who takes up the insurance as a risk-mitigating option and the insurer including one who offers the option of risk-sharing (p.15). In such situations, the buyer of the insurance packages pays a small fee to protect him or her against a potentially damaging loss. In most cases, the insurer is the insurance company that provides different insurance packages to individuals in an exchange for payment of a small fee that is referred to as a premium. From the information discussed above, health insurance can be defined as the risk-sharing between an insurer and the insured with reference to the health issues affecting an individual (Nyman 17). In fact, medical bills may amount to large amounts of money that may dent an individual’s finances. Therefore, health insurance steps in to mitigate such situations. An example of an insurance company that specializes in offering health care insurance is the United Health Care (UHC). The components of the United Health Care Choice Plus Standard package The United Health Care provides different insurance packages with varying elements and conditions that suit an individual’s needs and financial status. In my case, I use the UHC Choice Plus which has a Standard Package. I have a co-payment agreement with the insurance company, which I acquired as a result of my employment contract. In the Standard package, there are situations, in which I am required to pay a small fee to get some medical services while others do not charge any fees. In most cases, such an arrangement has a co-payment plan. According to Kongstvedt’s assertions, a co-payment can be defined as the amount one is required to pay during hospital visits (p.12). As per my health insurance package, I am not required to pay any amount of money when making preventive visits to the doctor. The arrangement usually means that I can visit the doctor from time to time and have regular body checkups at no cost. In most cases, such a situation helps in assessing the state of my health as well as assists the doctor in diagnosing any ailments I might have at an early stage. Furthermore, I have a co-payment plan when I intend to make the primary care office visits. For instance, during any primary care office visits, I am required to pay $30. However, for more specialized visits, I am required to pay $40. As a result, the plan m
To His Coy Mistress is a poem which was written by a man to express his feelings to a lady who did not seem to see the essence of love or sex. The poem captured several themes including time, sex, mortality, freedom and confinement. This essay will discuss these themes and also the use of style as well as their relevance in the poem. Seize the Day Carpe diem is the major theme in this poem. This means, seize the day. It is a phrase that explains that life is short; therefore make best out of what you have at the moment. It means you maximize the opportunities you get without letting any go to a spill. With the use of alliteration and irony, the writer said: “Had us but world enough, and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime; we would sit down, and think which way, to walk and pass our long love’s day (Jokinen 1). He used images of passion when he used instant fires and birds of prey referring to the excitement they would get in their freedom. The man’s view was that he was in short of time and he was wasting the time he already had. He was feeling bad that the lady he admired was not bothered by him or time. The idea he had was that if they had all the time in the world, he would not be worried that she did not seize the day. He thought that he was supposed to have time for sex with this lady before they got old and failure to seize the day meant they would not have enough time to enjoy: “At my back I always hear, Times winged chariot hurrying near…Thy beauty shall no more be found” (Jokinen 1). Each line has eight syllables with four iambs. This sets the pace of reading. Love and Sex The first two stanzas express the theme of love and then the desire of having sex with this lady. It seemed that the lady was smart enough to be admired by men but without intentions of any relationship with them. The speaker then decided to break the silence and talk out his feelings. However, the woman was hesitant to respond. He tried everything to pursue her by using beautiful expressions. He promised her a love that would last. He praised her beauty and said that he could gaze and praise her at all times. The horny man is persistent and wants to celebrate the lady’s virginity. He used symbolism, “Should rubies find; I by the tide, Of Humber would complain. I would” (Jokinen 1). Rubies are symbols of preserved virginity. The speaker was very creative. In the first stanza, he appealed himself to the lady. Secondly, he expressed the emotions and the meaning of time to both of them. He later opened up to him and explained his motives to have her and the benefit they would get. They would save the time they have at the moment and have a great time together. He exaggerated his love by saying that he could admire her beauty for hundreds of years without getting tired. He also told her the consequences she would face if she did not do according to his advice. He also tried to convince her of the loveliness and the enjoyment she would get if she gave in to have sex with him. Whatever the speaker said throughout the poem was to alarm her that whatever time she wasted was precious a