ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The primary goal of the paper is to understand how the benefits of the Community Development Block Grant funds can help the federal authorities improve the situation in long and short-terms. The main values are related to the vitality of equality and democracy in society. Consequently, the goals aim towards the enhancement of the social and transportation infrastructure and offering equal opportunities in service availability. The main recommendations are related to the ranking of the necessities, sufficient budgeting, and establishing partnerships. Introduction The Community Development Block Grant program offers resources for the sufficient development of communities based on their needs (Stahl & Struyk, 2013). The primary goal of the paper is to evaluate the current situation and present the solutions, which contribute to the understanding of the ways the local authority can utilize Community Development Block Grant funds. It will be determined in terms of addressing short-term recovery needs and long-term economic goals. Community Development The democratic values are cherished in the local communities in the modern world, as it helps build networks and self-regulating working environment (Friedland, 2001). It is apparent that the local communities support the principles of providing opportunities to the individuals disregarding race, ethnicity, and other dissimilar matters. The communities tend to develop respect towards multiculturalism, equality, and democracy as the essential parts of the social system. As for the goals, the communities aim at the development of the availability of the various services to everyone disregarding the national origin, age, sex, and social status. In turn, the authorities tend to eliminate the levels of poverty and crime in the areas while assuring safety to everyone and reducing the gap between the representatives of different social levels. Lastly, another aspect is the enhancement of the social and transportation network, as individuals have to help each other in terms of education and talent development. These features will contribute to the achievement of the short-term recovery and long-term goals aimed towards the social prosperity and economic growth. Recommended Federal Action Firstly, the establishment of partnerships on different levels will contribute to the investment in road building and community enhancement. In turn, this matter of the Community Development Block Grant program can advance the availability of healthcare to everyone and enhance the quality of the services (Sparer, 2003). The flexibility is another essential aspect since it can assist the development of particular matters while financing in ones of high importance. In this instance, the federal authorities can invest the majority of the financial resources into the development of the social and transportation networks while paying a bit less attention to talent development. In turn, the enforcement procedure assists in seeing the project from different perspectives and contributes to the development of the new r
Florida Department of Elder Affairs plays a major role in managing and addressing a number of aspects of elderly care, but most importantly, dementia. The department is not considered as an assisted living care or a care program but as a more encompassing organization, which also includes a monitoring and research facility. Dementia is a memory loss disorder that primarily affects older individuals, and it occurs due to the aging process abnormalities in the brain. The main method of contact is the Florida Department of Elder Affairs website, where people can learn key information about dementia and its causes and prevention approaches. In addition, the website contains a number of options for providing care for older adults with dementia. These assistance methods are different from assisted living because they are focused on memory care. This specific or individual help contains useful technological approaches in aiding patients with severe memory loss. In general, there is a wide range of programs and services available on the website, such as the Alzheimer’s disease initiative, Disaster Preparedness, and Health and Wellness. The website provides complete and up-to-date information on dementia in a highly accessible format. The department can be contacted by email on the website or by calling toll-free Elder Helpline, which is 1-800-963-5337. If traditional email is required, it is [email protected] , where interested people can ask the relevant questions. The website visitors can easily obtain useful data and tools for understanding the clinical picture of the main forms of dementia. Dementia syndrome is characterized by the presence of pronounced disorders of higher brain functions, the clinical features of which are directly related to the etiology of dementia. With the most common nosological variant of dementia – Alzheimer’s disease (AD) – the first and main symptom of the disease is progressive forgetfulness (Andrews, McInerney, Toye, Parkinson, & Robinson, 2017). Memory impairments initially affect the events of the near past, and as the disease progresses, they extend to more distant events of life. Along with the increase in memory disorders, other cognitive impairments are observed to join (Tabloski, 2014). Difficulties of spatial orientation and pathogenetically closely related disorders of constructive and kinesthetic praxis are typical for AD. Speech disturbances are also characteristic. Elderly age is the most significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. According to epidemiological data, the prevalence of dementia among people over 65 is 3 to 8% (Andrews et al., 2017). The well-known demographic tendency towards an increase in the proportion of older people in the population makes the problem of dementia highly urgent both for health care and for society as a whole. The medical, social, economic, and emotional issues associated with dementia and a heavy burden fall on both patients with this symptom complex and t
Introduction People’s behaviours are controlled by laws that ensure that they respect the rights of other people while enjoying the freedom granted to them by their constitutions. Those that cannot obey laws are punished according to the degree of their crimes. Criminal justice systems have established various ways of categorising crimes according to their severity and intentions. Minor offenders face lenient criminal sentences while capital offenders face major ones like life imprisonment or the death penalty. This essay explores the suitability of the capital punishment as an effective way of deterring other criminals from committing heinous crimes. This punishment is an appropriate method of keeping capital crimes at bay due to the following advantages associated with it. Capital punishment refers to all sentences that are granted to criminals to ensure they serve maximum time in prison. They include the death sentence or life sentences that are common in most developed nations. This is an effective way of punishing capital offenders and deterring other criminals from committing similar crimes due to the following reasons. First, it is necessary to state that people fear death. In addition, they fear being denied the freedom to associate with their friends, family members and the public. Therefore, once they witness other criminals being sentenced to life imprisonment they will never wish to go through the same experience. It is true that people learn from what their friends experience and thus criminals will not want to go through the same pain experienced by those who commit capital crimes. They will desist from committing these crimes and they may even stop their criminal activities. This punishment deters other criminals from committing capital crimes. Secondly, this punishment ensures that criminals do not get in touch with the rest of the population. This means that other petty offenders and would be criminals will not be taught these crimes. It is necessary to state that bad company will not be entertained in the society since these criminals will be in prison or dead. There will be no one to teach other people about these crimes. This will ensure that there will be no capital offenders or they will be less compared to if this sentence is not implemented. Socialisation is one way that young people learn different things from other members of the society. When a criminal is allowed lenient punishments, the person will go back to the society after serving their sentences and they will commit similar crimes again. Lastly, this sentence is a punishment and not a rehabilitation project and once it is administered there is no way the criminal will come back to life. This means that the probability of a similar crime to be committed is zero. It is important t
In the medical organizations can appear various problems associated with patient safety. Lack of hygiene, healthcare-related infections, drug shortages, equipment, and treatment issues might lead to significant problems for patients and professionals that can face lawsuits. One patient safety problem that I have observed in a previous medical setting is medication errors that several times had a negative impact on patients’ health state (Tariq et al., 2020). Therefore, the clinical issue is crucial and requires further research to evade compromising patients’ safety. There can be several causes of medication errors, including lack of attention when providing treatment for a person, gaps in the education of a medical professional who prescribed specific drugs, irrelevant health records, or improper information stated about a patient. Among the possible negative outcomes of the medication errors might be allergic reactions, worsening of a patient’s health, and a significant impact on non-related organs that might be affected. One specific change in practice that could improve patient outcomes is a patient medication review proposed by WHO (2016). The change requires medical professions to establish peer-review online records with EHRs and clinical decision support so that professionals will check the medication in parallel. To study the topic and test the effectiveness of the practice, the following research question can be established: In the adult inpatient medical population (P), does the use of peer-reviewed online medication system signage (I) versus the absence of the platform (C) decrease a rate of medication errors (O)? The timing of the research can be changed according to the situation. The research is suggested to be clinical and interventional to gather quantifiable results (“Literature reviews: types of clinical study designs,” 2020). The type of research stands over other types due to the need for intervention in patient care current practice and aim to identify results that can prove that the change has positive effects on patient outcomes by reduction of treatment errors. Other types of research can be used further to expand the study and observe changes in medical practicum sites.
Introduction As a rule, loyalty and devotion to the job are seen as positive characteristics in staff members, and their willingness to stay overtime in order to deliver the best performance possible are rewarded accordingly. However, in the case under analysis, the sports editor has been using the entire corporate resource of overtime hours, therefore, creating extra costs for the company and preventing other staff members from working overtime as well (Hamilton Skurak et al., 2021). Therefore, to avoid further conflicts and minimize the expenses while also creating extra opportunities for other employees to work overtime, the company will need to apply John Rawls’ Theory of Distributive Justice and explain to the overly zealous editor that the organization must offer every staff member equal opportunities. By establishing an honest dialogue with the staff member in question and addressing the needs of others when redistributing the resources (extra working hours) within the firm in accordance with Rawls’ Theory of Ethics, one will be able to retain the principal ethical standards while avoiding the conflict with the staff member in question. Solution: Rawls’ Perspective The situation at hand can be viewed as a conflict in distributing the resources that a company has to offer to its staff members. The described approach will imply using Rawls’ Theory of Justice since the current situation represents a dilemma in implementing justice and fair distribution of resources in the workplace. Specifically, Rawls’ Theory posits that social cooperation is possible only when two principles of justice are met. Namely, the first principle suggests that it is only with the presence of equal basic liberties that an individual is likely to agree to cooperate. In turn, the second principle dictates that fair equality and the benefit of the most disadvantaged members of the community should be top priorities when making a decision (Huang et al., 2019). The described principles can be easily applied to the organizational setting, as the case at hand proves. Specifically, the case represents a dilemma caused by the failure to address the first principle of equality. On the one hand, the employee in question represents one of the newspaper’s main assets since he is capable of keeping the target audiences excited for sports news, as well as attracting new readers. On the other hand, the current distribution of extra working hours has been skewed tremendously, which has demotivated other staff members to the point where they might start leaving the organization. Therefore, according to Rawls’ theory of Justice, the reallocation of resources is overdue. Specifically, the current situation represents a problem with one of the foundational social goods outlined by Rawls, specifically, the position of responsibility and the resulting income and wealth levels. According to Rawls, an individual is entitled to social goods such as basic rights, positions of responsibility, wealth, and social frameworks for self-respect (Huang et al., 2019). In turn, in the target setting, most employees are deprived of an essential position of responsibility, nam
As compared to operating a retailer business, an e-business involves applying information and communication technologies, abbreviated as ICT, to support of all business activities. In both businesses, the main objective is to have customer satisfaction by offering easy means of purchase and delivery of purchases to the required places. Therefore, in both businesses, transport costs are incurred by both customers and suppliers depending on the supply chain involved. In a retail business that deals with selling home improvement materials, transport costs are dependent of the nature of goods, transport involved or the means of delivery and the length of chains of supply before the goods reach the consumer. In an e-business, various transport costs do not exist, since the ordering and purchasing are via the Internet, the web, intranets, extranets, or some combination of the above as compared to a retailer who needs to travel long distances to make orders and purchases. The division of transport costs in both businesses is into three categories: Fixed costs, Variable costs and Semi fixed costs. Fixed costs are independent of the distance travelled during the supply and delivery of the home improvement materials. These include costs of vehicle purchase for delivery, interests on loans and depreciations of vehicles due to aging. For a retailer business such as Home Depot, the fixed costs are higher as compared to those of e-business such as Amazon.com. A retailer needs to travel to the wholesaler or manufacturer to make purchases for his store as well as deliver the materials to the store and to the customer’s residence if need be (Stecker). This requires more transport aids, for example, vehicles and containers. An e-business operator delivers products to the customers once they are purchasing online. Variable costs are dependent of the distance travelled until the customer receives the goods (Beggs). These include fuel costs, depreciation of goods from mileage and time costs during transport. For retail trade, the variable costs seem to be higher due the length of the chain of supply involved. The fuel costs are the highest due to the distance covered from the wholesaler or manufacturer to the consumer via the retailer If the retailer imports the goods, they pay the shipping costs or air transport costs and customs levy. For an e-business, the variable costs are lower, depending on the distance of delivery. Fuel cost constitutes the highest percentage of the variable costs although these are lower as compared to those of a retailer since the chain of supply is shorter. However, transport costs for both the e-business operator and the consumer are higher in case of shipping or flying of the products. Semi-fixed costs are partly fixed and partly variable. For example, the e-business operator or the retailer may hire drivers who may be idle during the day. In both businesses, this may happen to incase there is les
The key findings from the Kane and White “Bad Cops” study Prevalence of misconduct Kane and White (2009) found that the prevalence of misconduct in police officers while demonstrating a large spike in 1986 decreases steadily and reaches less than 1 per 1000 by 1996. Types of misconduct The above-mentioned sharp increase was associated primarily with drugs which were also connected with hiring officers with arrest records. Yet, the highest rate of charges was linked with administrative or performance issues which amounted to 30% of total reprimands (Kane & White, 2009). Factors predicting misconduct The main factors that predicted misconduct were the assignment of an individual to a patrol sector distinctive of its high criminality. In addition, a record of arrest, previous employment issues, complaints, were also noted as indicative of possibly improper duty fulfillment. Among protective factors, the researchers identify that higher education had a significantly positive relation to minimizing the chances of misconduct. Opportunities and organizational aspects of policing contributing to deviance One of the key opportunities of policing is aspiring the ranks and being endowed with more authority. Yet, as Kane and White (20
Background Paper Youth crime is a major threat to public safety in many cities all around the world. From as early as ten years old, children may start to get involved with criminal behavior and become members of street gangs, which leads to a substantial number of juvenile arrests: under 18’s account for almost a fifth (19%) of all juvenile arrests (Dodge et al. 24). Moreover, as Smith highlights, the rate of adolescents who are re-convicted within a year is almost at 40% (3). Apart from a significant number of minor changes, such as shoplifting and trespassing, teens are often convicted of serious offenses, including possession and distribution of drugs and even homicide (Smith 70). Teen gangs and juvenile crime in general have a grave influence on the safety of many neighborhoods and the local populations. However, although many efforts have been taken to alleviate the issue, youth crimes remain a threat to communities all over the world. Smith suggests that the current situation is calling for a completely new approach and the restructuration of the juvenile justice system. Arguably, the key to solving the problem of youth crime lies in exploring its causes and connecting it to the subjects’ background and experience. This is a popular approach – it has been established that teen violence and aggression can come from difficult family circumstances, peer pressure, a
Innovation, Product and Service Design Services can be described as variable, intangible and deliverable over space and time. Words alone can be used to refer to them, and hence resulting in the immense over simplification and incompleteness. The service concept can be interpreted and specified by the use of a variety if biases. Essentially, the new product early stages of development which is commonly known as the fuzzy front end are known to be problematic for service innovation (Trott 33). This is because they characteristically involve decision-making and imprecise processes. Marketing involves presentation of relationships, activities and interdependence of the process of service in a precise and objective manner. Organisational theories General systems theory General systems theory (GST) is among the widely acceptable intellectual perspectives of organization theories. It has been shaped by many proponents such as: Ashby, 1952; Boulding, 1956; Miller, 1978; and Bertalanffy, 1972. This theory originates from the holistic Aristotelian worldview that the sum of its parts is less than the whole. The major goal of GST is to bring forth generalized phenomena principles as well as deliberate disciplines whose objective is to enhance the unity of factors in an organization. As social systems, organizations are qualitatively and quantitatively different from living cells or other concrete physical systems. The ultimate goal of the multilevel perspective is not to come up with principles that are general to other types of systems. The major goal of the multilevel perspective in organizational theory is to identify principles that bring forth a more integrated understanding of phenomena that unfold across levels in organizations. Formative theory development Early efforts to conceptualize and study organizations formed their bases in the Interactionists concept, and focused on coming up with an organizational climate (Lewin 87). Interactionists’ perspective view behavior as a product of both the individual and situation, the combined effect of both is broadly felt. In this case, behavior is seen a combined product of individual-difference and contextual effects. The standpoint of interactionists has a considerable implication on organizational study. It is significantly shaping research on climate (Lewin, Lippitt, and White 54). It continues to add impact through the research on person’s organizational fit. With the development of organizational psychology as a separate sub discipline in the 1950s, organizational climate emerged as a pivot element for understanding organizational effectiveness. Researchers have described climate as a representation of the organizational stimuli or what a number referred to as environmental characteristics, expected to affect individual behavior and attitudes. Theoretical framework The emergent proce