ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Since multiculturalism have become synonymous aspects of society at the present, psychological practices tend to respond to the diverse consumer and cultural demographics by attempting to examine the manner in biases, stereotypes, and heuristics develop in certain segments of the population. One attempt at answering this question comes in the form of arguments utilizing the psychological term “Speciesism” which is based on the belief that the group or a particular individual belongs to, is inherently superior to all other groups. This is more commonly known as the belief in gender and racial superiority resulting in the development of biases. In attempting to examine such an issue, this paper will examine the concept of psychometric testing procedures and whether they can be effectively utilized as a means of properly examining the biases, stereotypes, and heuristics of particular populations. Properties of psychometrically-sound measures The field of psychometrics primarily concerns itself with the various theories and techniques connected to the process of psychological measurement. This can entail aspects related to biases, stereotypes, and heuristics or in other words the innate behavioral and personality traits that impact the manner in which a person acts and views the world. It is based on this that psychometrics concerns itself with the creation and validation of diverse types of psychological measurement instruments that are used in a variety of studies that examine the manner in which a person’s development, behavior and personality impact the way they act/react to the world around them as well as affect the manner in which they choose to express themselves. Basically, such testing procedures allows researchers to better understand a patient and enables them to answer specific questions that were brought up during the initial process of psychiatric evaluation. The value of psychometric testing procedures lie in their ability to arrive at a clear diagnosis (such an assertion is question by studies such as those by Hallberg et al. (2008) since they state that such tests cannot be considered 100% accurate and further testing is needed in order to arrive at a correct conclusion), assist in the treatment and discharge of patients, act as tools for examining prognostic and predictive function of individuals on a cases to cases basis as well as allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between the brain and behavior. It is based on this that psychometrically-sound measures utilize the following principles so as to provide evidence for the necessity of their continued usage in psychological testing procedures: Reliability – the concept of reliability is psychometric testing procedures is based on the consistency and accuracy of a test over small or large population sets. This means that when utilizing testing procedures such as the “test re-test” method, the split half procedure, or the same test yet in an alternative form, the testing procedures
The article under discussion elucidates the core ideas of Smith’s theory of the laboring poor. The question is enlightened about the recent speech of Obama where he cites the famous philosopher. The author, Dennis Rasmussen, assuming this reference inappropriate, tries to reveal the true sense of Smith’s theory. First and foremost, he points out that Smith’s interpretation of inequality has nothing to do with the modern one. Hence, Smith was mainly concerned about equality in terms of basic needs: food, clothes, etc. As long as this level of equality is assured, the gap between the rich and the poor was of little interest to the philosopher. Besides, Smith had an ambiguous attitude towards the rich. On the one hand, he admitted that due to them, thousands of people were provided with workplaces. In the meantime, he likewise noted that the admiration for this social class was baseless. One of the most peculiar points elucidated in the article is the interconnection between social inequality and the decline of common morality. Thence, Smith believed that the inequality made people more sympathetic to the rich rather than to the poor. As a result, the former felt privileged to do whatever they wanted neglecting the moral standards. Therefore, he explained one’s desire to become wealthy by the natural need for attention and recognition. Rasmussen draws a conclusion that the social attention to the lives of the rich and wealthy is still present in the modern world and, most importantly, driven by the mechanisms described by Smith. First and foremost, it should be noted that Smith’s vision of the problem of inequality is complex and justified. Thus, for instance, his idea that social inequality results in the exceedingly high interest in the life of the rich and indifference to the life of the poor is particularly true today when people tend to spend hours tracking the life of the rich through networks and Web. From this perspective, inequality is a negative phenomenon as it leads to the distorted image of social classes and prompts people to target “wrong” aims. It is likewise true that the unjustified admiration for the wealthy makes them less concerned about the standards of morality and ethi
Introduction Gross Domestic Product, commonly abbreviated as GDP, is used as the measure of economic growth and development for national economies. It is also called the Gross National Income (GNI). The GDP measures the national income of a given country. In essence, Japan is a manufacturing economy and is considered as one of the most competitive economies in the world today. Japan competes with the United States economy and other developed economies in Europe such as the United Kingdom 1 . Japan is one of the largest economies in the world in terms of production of goods. It comes third after the United States and China respectively. However, for the purpose of this report, Japan will be considered as an emerging economy because of the recent flops in its economy. It is not considered as an economy that is coming from scratch, but rather, from an economic downturn. This view is taken from the assessment of the Japanese economy in the year 2011 by the Bank of Japan. According to the World Bank Group, the economy of Japan has been showing positive economic outlook and coming out of the economic witnessed two years earlier. This view is based on a number of economic indicators that were noted in the year 2011 by the Bank of Japan. These indicators include the recorded rise in the overall production, as well as increased exports. These two indicators are the major signs of a performing economy 2 . With an increase in production and exports, the country is often on the positive side of balance of trade and balance of payments. Prior to the recent positive developments in the Japanese economy, the economy suffered due to a strong currency – the yen. The strong yen has been causing a shrink in exports by Japan. Though slightly recovered, the economy of Japan is still being affected by deflationary forces. However, strong monetary policies are aiding in cushioning the economy thereby putting it back on track 3 . Gross Domestic Product of Japan in 2011 The GDP is calculated through the addition of the total sum of consumption expenditure, added to the total investment expenditure, plus the gover
Introduction It is well know that Art is one way of conveying one’s feelings and generating an attractive object that is enriching to others. It is a way of controlling masses and manipulating the mind of people. It is also vital in the community since it defines people and makes them better. To add on, art and human values deal with the essential, hypothetical, and practical perceptions. Different people have different opinions of the human values on perspectives of art. Available literatures on art and human values are diverse and bring about abundant art. The present society, however, does not concentrate on supporting art. The people in the contemporary society according to current data do not even know the significance of art. This paper will examine the economic and technological pressures that shape the notions of art and artists. It will discuss technology and its role in art. It will also discuss the ways through which artists relate with technological and economic advances to identify with their works. Discussion Technological The opportunities of audience involvement in art works have substantially increased due to the introduction of digital technology. The level of cooperation amongst technologists and artists influences the required relation between computers and artists. Computer graphics were initially demonstrated as art in the year 1965. An outstanding growth between art and technology has been noted since 1980. Since then, organi
Finding an effective negotiation style for women is challenging since this area has been dominated by men for a long time and there are very few female role-models. Without mastering the negotiation techniques appropriate for women, the female negotiations handicap themselves in business. Some of their common errors are confusing negotiation with confrontation, believing that tough exterior communicates confidence and effectiveness, focusing on weaknesses, and failing to see negotiation as a possibility (Colb et al. 1). As a result, the leadership styles of female executives are seen as ineffective which prevents them from moving up the career ladders in business. Women are encouraged to change their perceptions of their roles as leaders and transform their approach to negotiation. Otherwise, many skillful and talented businesswomen will continue lagging in this career field. Integrating Writing and Negotiation Skills Carolina Lyons Lawrence teaches business reporting techniques for business majors; she believes that combining proposal development with oral presentation and negotiation skills is the best strategy for this subject. Her course is divided into 6 sessions – two 75-minute sessions for proposals, presentations, and negotiation skills development (Lyons Lawrence 54). Developing their proposals, students will not be limited in word count but will decide on the appropriate length of a proposal independently and apply critical thinking for the selection of a topic. The part about negotiation skills contains a strong theoretical basis for a better understanding of the concept covering negotiation strategies, elements, and the most common errors in the process. The oral presentation part will require the delivery of proposals in front of a class, as well as the knowledge of teamwork skills and specificity. Works Cited Colb, Deborah, et al. “Stumbling Blocks at the Negotiation Table for Women: Why Companies Should Pay Attention to Their Bargaining Skills.” Negotiating Women, Inc., 2005, pp. 1-5. Lyons Lawrence, Carolena. “Integrating Writing and Negotiation Skills.” Business Communication Quarterly , vol. 65, no. 2, 2002, pp. 54-66.
Introduction Injury and violence prevention is an area of concern for community and public health nurses. Bullying is a behavior that is prevalent in schools. Bullying has no boundaries and can occur to any person across the globe. Bullying can prevent a student from having a healthy life and healthy social relationship if intervention is not given at the appropriate time. Children need to feel safe when studying so that they maximize learning. The aim of preventing injury and violence from bullying is to enable the student to have a healthy social and physical life that will enable them to perform well in their studies and live healthily. Prevention helps reduce bullying amongst adolescents. Different communities have different approaches to prevent and intervene in the case of bullying. The Walpole Public Schools is a community that recognizes that bullying can occur in schools and has developed a plan for prevention and intervention. Students studying in the Walpole Public Schools need to feel safe so that they can be able to perform well in school. Physical and psychological healths are important and the Walpole Public Schools ensure that students are healthy. Walpole Public Schools involves the leadership, teachers, staff, administration, parents, and the students in the plan. The plan involves leadership, training, resources, activities, policies and rules, community, and the administration in bullying prevention and intervention. The rules restrict bullying behavior in school. This research paper will review the literature on bullying injury and violence prevention and discuss community intervention plans while assessing the agency. It will also recommend nursing interventions. Injury and Violence Prevention Literature review Bullying occurs when an individual exercises power over another by causing mental or physical harm to the other with an aim of gaining control over them, as Rice (2008, p. 350) reveals. The aggressive behavior, which is repeated many times, is harmful and the aggressor has power over the victim. Bullying occurs at school when children are in their adolescent stage. Obadina (2009, p.194) states that bullied children are defenseless because they are fewer than the bullies, are disabled, and lack the strength to protect themselves. Bullies engage in the behavior to mask their fear which is a result of insecurities and lack of contentment. Aggressive behaviors come about as a means of settling disputes among adolescent peers. Children who are victimized become anxious, depressed, and have low self-esteem. Others have physical injuries and demonstrate psychological problems. Moreover, bullied children have difficulties fitting in society and managing their emotions. They result in isolation which makes the situation complicated. As a result, the victim loses social skills to make social relationships. The bullied child may have depression, persistent headaches, amnesia, and stomachaches (Voogd 2011, p. 474). Bullying can be emotion
Introduction This paper is an exploration of the work of Cy Twombly. It is based on the critical evaluation of his work by different authors like Bataille, Krauss, Mallarme and others. There is much detailed focus on how his work was perceived by many and the reception that it enjoyed. The work of Twombly has fallen out to be the centerpiece for quite some debate in the theoretical world concerning his nature and the writings posed. On key focus will be the period between 1950 and 1970 where there are two major paintings, that is the Olympia (1957) and the Herodiade (1960), where he articulated scripting as an art that incorporates lassitude instead of violence. Analysis His imposing eminence has an atmosphere of myth and uncertainty, for rationales that have to a certain extent concerned with the indistinctness of the artist himself, but further to do with the spectacle of his artwork. Twombly first came to fame in the anon 1950s. This was when his graffiti-like pencil-work materialized to challenge “Abstract Expressionism”. Yet he subsequently sustained “painterly” notion through a moment in the 1960’s when the descriptions of gr
Introduction New health technologies are presupposed to save but are never free from controversies. Such is Computerized Tomography (CT), which has raised concerns about its capability to free people from ailments and its numerous side effects. The concerns of its practice have been shifted from the cost of the procedure to the long-term effects on individuals’ bodies and its unclear target group. Though there are no optimum standards recognized for CT scanning, medical professionals recommend not a high or low dose, as this can aggravate the problems rather than diagnosing them. Screening using Computerized Tomography This is a type of scanning whereby images in the body of human beings are shown using X-rays at the cross-sectional level. These images appear like slices that are used for several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in a human’s body which have been presented for screening. CT screenings help to diagnose a disease to know how to cure it completely. The scanning speed of the multislice CT scanner allows for fast full-body CT trauma studies in emergencies as well as health check-ups. It is commonly done using doses of 1-5 mC1 1-131 (Wackym 1162). A person who has presented him/herself for screening using the Computerized Tomography technology has to give consent which is commonly in written form. This is to ensure that there is no violation of rights and help in avoiding the long arm of the law as the individual who had presented him/herself for this screening can sue the medical practitioners after the side effect afterward. It is recommended that the patient get proper advice from a professional medical practitioner before opting for this diagnosis. This can also help in determining the proper procedure for the screening as not all procedures are fit for every individual who seeks diagnosis with this technology. The extent to which a young person can be exposed to the CT screening cannot be the same as that of an adult due to the disadvantages highlighted. Benefits Accrued On certain measures, Computerized Tomography is recommended for several reasons. One, the procedure can be used to diagnose diseases, trauma, or abnormality. Certain ailments are beyond a doctor’s suggestion of a prescription and have to be intensely looked into. As the method helps the medical practitioner get a clear view of the problem by analyzing the tissues and ‘slices’ in the body of a patient, he/she is in a position to know the right prescription for the ailment. Two, the computerized tomography technology enhances planning, guiding, and monitoring of therapy in an individual. One can only plan on his/her upkeep if he/she knows the disorder in the body. The computerized technology has a way of monitoring the progress after the procedure and this way, the doctors would be in a better position to
Ludwig van Beethoven, the Classical German artist, best defined by his music, was born in 1770 and his musical compositions surpassed every existing note in the music world. In an attempt to connect the compositions with the life of the composer, it would be significant to note that the compositions, on the basis of the illustrious Ninth Symphony of Beethoven, were very much related to the personal life of the composer. It is of great significance to note that the composition style of Beethoven has been evolving through the different stages of his development and this style has never been affected by struggles and misfortunes of his personal life. From the composition of the third Symphony onward, we might notice a drastic transformation in the style of Beethoven’s composition which was free of the influence of his master. The time has tested its worth and it only proved that the art and style of the great composer is only strengthened by the time and the works of his later period, which were composed when he was affected by adversities, are of notable evidence to this assumption. Completed in 1824, while he was deaf, the Ninth Symphony, the manuscript of which, in the words of Dr Stephen Roe, “is an incomparable manuscript of an incomparable work, one of the highest achievements of man, ranking alongside Shakespeare’s Hamlet and King Lear,” showed one of the most significant transformations in the style of Beethoven’s music. (Begg 2003). The determination not to be ruined by the deafness or any other misfortunes assisted him grow greater and came greater works like “symphonies 2, 3 ‘Eroica’, 4, 5, 6 ‘Pastoral’, 7 and 8, Piano Concertos 4 and 5 ‘Emperor’, the Violin Concerto, piano sonatas, the three Rasumovsky String Quartets, the opera Fidelio… the Hammerklavier Sonata, the last three piano sonatas, the Diabelli Variations, the Missa Solemnis” and culminating in the greatest of all the Ninth Symphony. (Beethoven 1770 -1827). Thus, the Ninth Symphony is an example of his established pieces that were developed through life experience and matured by the test of time. Generally considered as one of the greatest music pieces ever composed, the Ninth Symphony told the story of Beethoven’s strenuous period of life which was illustrated by his loud banging of the piano, during its composition, in order to listen to the notes. Several of his most celebrated musical pieces, culminating in the Ninth Symphony, were the products of a period which made him deaf. It would be fundamental to remark at this point th
Company information Emirates transportation- Ajman branch The Emirates Transport company is an organization that has been working in the UAE market for a long time and providing its services to consumers successfully. This state-owned company was first introduced in 1981, and since then, it has supported various sectors of the transport system of the country – private, business, and others ( Who We Are ). For almost forty years of work, the organization has expanded significantly, and many branches have been opened in different regions. Today, the company owns twenty-seven business centers and has nine subsidiaries, and more than seventeen thousand employees work here ( Who We Are ). As reported in the official description of Emirates Transport, it “provides services to more than 430 main stakeholders through its fleet of over 20,000 vehicles” ( Who We Are) . At the disposal of the group, thousands of vehicles are located to provide services to the public. Therefore, the opportunities of this company are ample in order to work for the benefit of the country and monitor the most important issues related to transport services and regulation. The company’s branches are located throughout the country, and one of the largest of them is the group in Ajman. The management team of this branch has sufficient resources to monitor activities and provide the population with a high level of service. The center in Ajman is relatively new, and the regulation of its activities is carried out in accordance with the modern principles of corporate policy. It is necessary to consider how the system of supervision is organized and what approaches are advanced by the top management of the organization. Supervision system The company’s Board of Directors is controlled by the Ministry of Transport of the United Arab Emirates, while the Board is the main controlling apparatus ( Board of Directors ). Also, the organization is divided into units where managers are responsible for each of the branches of work. The line manager of the branch in Ajman is Mr. Nasser Al Malachi. The quality of the equipment used by the corporation is assessed by executives who register the property of the company and control its technical base. Also, Emirates Transport has other departments that regulate the activities of human resources, financial reporting, and other areas of work ( Board of Directors ). All these functions are successfully implemented in one company, and the branch in Ajman is one of the units where appropriate control is provided, and all necessary measures for monitoring available resources are conducted. The software used to calculate and evaluate current indicators is up-to-date and in-demand sinc