ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is important to address the risks that may arise from the parking garage project because of the costs involved. It will also be difficult to compensate owners of cars be parked in the garage. Even though it is impossible to avoid risks in any construction project, understanding potential risks are crucial in responding to any accidents or cost overruns. Risks during construction projects are usually interdependent and interrelated. Each construction project often has its unique risks, although some of the risks are common. In the construction industry, risks are classified in various ways based on their sources. Risks during the construction may arise from political factors, environmental concerns, safety and health issues, cost of the project, scope, and schedule uncertainty. The risks may also arise from the quality, technology, and performance issues. Risks are classified as construction risks, financial and economic risks, performance risks, security, contractual and legal risks, physical risks, political and societal risks, technical risks, external risks, and project management risks among others. These risks are discussed in subsequent sections. Construction Risks Some of the construction risks anticipated during the project include accidents because of fires or collisions and inaccessibility to the site because of traffic jams. Other construction risks expected include the availability of resources required during the project, geotechnical and subsurface geological conditions, and equipment commissioning, among others. Financial and Economic Risks Inflation is also a major risk during the construction project. This is because inflation will increase the prices of equipment, materials used, and labor costs. This implies that the project will need a time extension, and the total cost of the project may exceed the $32,500,000 allocated for the construction. Performance Risks Some of the performance risks expected in the project include defective work, labor disputes, and behavior among the workers, which will prevent good work performance. Other performance risks expected include variation in workers and equipment productivity. This may result in delays in project completion and increase in funds used to buy equipment. Security Risks During the project, some of the security risks expected include vandalism, corruption, and intrusion, negligence by workers. Terrorism is also a major security risk during the project. Since the project is big and costly, all the security risks will be keenly looked into to make sure the project is successful. Contractual and Legal Risks Some of the contractual and legal risks expected include delayed resolution of disputes, changes in order negotiation, and bankruptcy of a subcontractor or the main contractor. In addition, delay in contract payment is another contractual risk expected. Physical Risks The main physical risks expected during the construction project are natural disasters. Earthquakes and hurricanes are among the expected physical risks during the project. Threat assessment of earthquakes and hurricanes is through using historical data that will help in determining the credibility of these
Thomas Watson reviews Thieves of Bay Street, a book by Bruce Livesey that had previously received attention from the media and been praised by the National Post . The work is a compilation of stories about corporate misdeeds in Canada, all of which are already well-known. Throughout the book, Livesey establishes the thesis that the Canadian business class is extremely unethical and seeks to extract money from every available source. He claims that the group controls the Canadian economy, perpetually disadvantaging the country’s citizens and driving away foreign investors. Watson begins his refutation of the book at this point, stating that Canada remains one of the world’s most attractive investment targets. He concurs that unethical business dealings take place often in Canada and recites the experiences that led him to leave a venture capitalism career as he blew the whistle on the illegal transactions of a company for which he worked. However, Watson then states his disagreement with Livesey’s belief that workers control the companies for which they work and the economy as a whole. He proceeds to provide alternate explanations for some of the events listed in Thieves of Bay Street that subvert the conclusions drawn by the book’s author. The article concludes with the statement that, rather than extra protections for people who are careless with their money, better education regarding the economy is necessary. Watson ends the article with a note that, while attacking capitalism and globalization is reasonable, Livesey’s depiction of Canadian issues is overblown and distorted.
The concept of social marketing is relevant not only in modern sales but also in the healthcare sector. An opportunity to affect people’s behavior is one of those aspects that are used in medicine as the means of influencing patients. Modern approaches to using this technique have changed compared to earlier techniques, but the key methods are still based on the four core principles of the theory of social marketing. This work is aimed at identifying these principles, the examples of their impact on people’s behavior, as well as identifying the responsibilities and competencies of health education specialists related to the theory in question. Four Main Principles of the Social Marketing Theory Social marketing is aimed at changing undesirable behavior in the context of economic, social, political, or technological circumstances and environmental factors in conditions of limited resources. According to French and Russell-Bennett (2015), the basic principles of this approach are as follows: impact on social behavior, building appropriate relationships, forming a consumer or civic focus, and social offerings. The proper application of these features in the context of influencing behavior may have meaningful outcomes. Examples of the Theory’s Application The considered theory may have a significant impact on healthy and unhealthy behavior. When analyzing the practice of using social marketing, Maher, Ryan, Kernot, Podsiadly, and Keenihan (2016) give an example of the impact on healthy behavior and mention quitting smoking due to appropriate advertising. At the same time, according to the authors, the opposite effect is also possible (Maher et al., 2016). The active promotion of alcoholic beverages for marketing purposes is fraught with the addiction of the population, which affects health indicators negatively. Consequently, this theory is an effective and efficient mechanism that has an impact on mass behavior. Modern Social Marketing Approach Over the past decades, humanity has gone through a rather complicated path of development, and in the context of the impact of social marketing on the masses, approaches have changed. What was previously considered natural, for instance, widespread smoking or continuous epidemics, are the targets for changes in the modern world? According to the Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (2016), today, to influence health behaviors effectively, it is required to increase biomedical innovations to stimulate public health support to help people save their lives. This principle of support is a potentially efficient and useful practice. Examples of Promoting Health Behavior Changes Based on the viewed video presented by the Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (2016), the areas in which the promotion of health behavior changes has justified itself are smoking and contraception. The authors cite ob
Introduction The problem of exceeding the content of harmful substances in the air is so serious and widespread that at the moment the vast majority of people do not breathe fresh air enough. Moreover, the length of a human life in a polluted atmosphere can be shortened for this reason. The development of diseases associated with blood vessels or dysfunction of the heart is also a widespread problem caused by disturbances in the purity of the atmosphere. Such problems of the functioning of the social machine as insufficiently efficient processing of resources in production or agriculture lead to an increased amount of toxic emissions into the atmosphere (Smiley, p. 748). Waste from the everyday life of each individual, their so-called carbon footprint, also negatively affects the purity of the atmosphere. Air pollution is one of the main problems of the modern world, and consolidated cooperation of world leaders is required in order to develop strategies to cope with atmospheric changes. It is required to provide an overview of those programs and schemes of actions that were used in the local, federal and global policies of the countries of the world to combat air pollution. Comparison of global and private strategies undertaken by states and their consolidations allows us to analyze in more detail the effectiveness of each of the strategies and develop the most realistic one. Climate Impact Strategies in Third World Countries It is a proven fact that the situation with polluted air affects almost everyone. However, this problem is most acute in countries with relatively low or middle income per capita. It is in the countries of Southeast Asia or the Pacific Ocean that the largest number of deaths or reduced life expectancy from air pollution is concentrated (Lelieveld et al., p. 1910). Tragically, these countries with no economic influence are the least able to withstand air pollution, the most suffering from it. Most of all, this problem in poor countries is associated with the work of hazardous industries and the use of chemically toxic fuels in regular life. People are forced to use more affordable and less environmentally friendly fuel resources, which leads to the inevitable violation of the purity of the atmosphere. Moreover, a similar problem is observed in the more affluent metropolitan areas of Africa and India. It should be noted that India is developin
The China threat theory was formed at the beginning of the 2000s due to the growing influence of this country. Some scholars argue that continuous economic growth, as well as military and technology improvements that the state has made since the 1990s, may be a reason for it to be considered a superpower. Even though contemporary China does not involve itself in large-scale military conflicts and promotes a foreign policy centered on defense, it is not guaranteed that war cannot be considered an option anymore. This essay analyzes China’s rapid growth and looks at the potential threat it poses from three different perspectives: Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the US is considered the only superpower state. However, rapid improvements in China’s infrastructure, military, and economy caused numerous people to believe that China-US relationships will resemble that of the USSR. The type of war that entails two superpower states striving for influence on the global political scene without direct military conflicts. Contemporary China is considered a developing country in contrast to the USA, despite its successful progress. There is no guarantee that China will not attempt to change its status with the help of substantial human, military and economic resources that it possesses. That is the essence of the China threat theory, which implies an inevitable confrontation between China and the USA. Analyzing the theory from a Marxist perspective is the most reasonable since China adopted communistic views after the end of the Second World War. Initially, its structure significantly resembled that of the Soviet Union, which is a single communistic party that promotes the idea of class equality. This particular governing system’s main objective is to equate class differences and provide similar opportunities for people’s development. The end-goal of this approach is to eliminate the class system; hence, since communistic ideology is incompatible with the democratic values of the US, the conflict is inevitable, and the Cold War may repeat itself. Constructivism, contrary to realism and liberalism, highlights the social nature of international relations. Hence, such factors as ideology, historical background, beliefs, and values are given priority. Analyzing China’s histo
Introduction Modernism is a term that refers to a movement in art and literature that began in the late 19 th century and extended through the early days of the 20 th century (Coughlan and Davis 5). The proponents of this movement sought to distinguish themselves from traditional and classical artists and writers. The movement initially emerged as a form of rebellion by artists and scholars to the 19 th century standards of artistic and literally practices (Perloff 13). This essay seeks to show how imagery and symbolism as elements of modernistic writing are presented in the works of poet William Butler Yeats. The main intention is to come up with a paper that can be used for reference purposes when it comes to the subject of modernism in literature. To this end, three of the popular symbols in the writer’s premier works shall be analyzed in consideration to their relationship with modernism. For the purposes of this research various forms of scholarly material including books and journals shall be consulted. In laying down the foundation of the essay, the key terms that pertain to the discussion shall be briefly discussed. Among the items to be covered in this section includes an explanation of how Yeats managed to escape romanticism to build a name as a modernist. The themes and motifs that guided the poet’s works shall be described here. After this groundwork, the essay shall delve into the main discussion citing the works of different authors and the poet himself. Finally, a conclusion that wraps up the entire paper will be made alongside recommendations. The primary aim of this research process is to illustrate that through the embracing of different strategies, Yeats managed to come out as modern poet. This is irrespective of the fact that the strategies were conscious or subconscious. Characteristics of the modernist movement Modernism, as presented in literature came with its own style of writing, which mainly required that reality be presented in a creative and indirect way. In modernist literature, different forms of writing could have different interpretation depending on the point of view of the reader (Redman 41). However, the information contained in any piece of writing had to be immediately discernible by the target audiences. Modernist literature was also subjective in nature and placed emphasis on impressionism. Writers of the time had an apparent shift from objectivity and they introduced an omniscient third-person narrator as well as fixed narrative points of view (Croft 78; Paul 19). In the telling of the story, the writers broke down their narratives into fragments and introduced some element of discontinuity. Modernism also married the various genres of writing with each other in such a way that poetry appeared like prose and prose assumed the form of poetry (Kenner 157; King 73). Different pieces of writing even by the same writer called for uniqueness. The movement was also characterized by liberalism in both literary and artistic fields. The artists and writers of the time were permitted to experiment with newer styles of wr
Introduction One major aspect of human resource management is to deal with the management of employees within the organization. Proper employees’ management is beneficial to the organization as it results into increased performance. Drucker observed that investment in good human resource management practices as well as programs have an increased advantage to the organization in terms of improved productivity in addition to superior financial performance (74). Therefore, organizations especially those that are based on developing countries should focus on human resource management practices that are aimed at improving the organization performance. Researches indicate that the success of organizations within the current highly competitive environment hugely depends on the type of their employees and innovative human resources management programs and practices (Greer 156). Recruitment, training and development of employees are some of the aspects of human resource management that are critical for the organization success. Therefore, this paper critically examines some of the recruitment, training and development challenges that need to be addressed by human resource management within an organization. First the paper will focus on the description of the recruitment, training and development challenges within the Fly Emirates carbine crew staff and then critically analyzing the root causes of the problems. The solution to the problems will then be proposed and how these solutions will be implemented. Finally the paper will look at the obstacles to the successful implementation of the solutions. The challenging aspect of HRM As indicated, recruitment training and development of employees is one such aspect of human resource management that should not be taken lightly. Thus, this paper will primarily deal with the recruitment and training problems that human resources within the Fly Emirates should deal with particularly on their carbine crew. In the recent past, the Fly Emirates airline has seen a tremendous growth creating opportunities for over one thousand employees. In particular, the Fly Emirates airline has employed 440 carbine crew employees who are recruited from various countries around the world. However, the clients have been complaining of poor service delivery especially during flights. This problem has been exacerbated by poor recruitment procedures and lack of proper training services offered to the new Fly Emirates recruits. A description of the problem and its effects I work as a carbine crew within the Fly Emirates airline short haul services between Oman and Kuwait. Our major role as crew members is to ensure that we provide the best customer services to the clients while at the same time ensuring that they are safe and comfortable throughout the flight. Crew members are supposed to deal with any emerging emergency and security situation during the flight and at the same time administering first aid to the passengers and any other non-crew members on board. As part of our job, we h
Introduction: Lifecycle and Nutritional Needs   * Lifecycle is a range of developmental changes that an organism undergoes in the process of growth (Ciarleglio et al ., 2003).   * The concept of nutritional needs incorporates the minerals, vitamins, proteins, fats and carbohydrates that a human being needs.   * At different stages of a lifecycle, a human being may have different nutrition needs.   * Because of the metabolic specifics, the changes in location and lifestyle, adults have specific nutritional needs that differ considerably from the ones of children and elderly people As a result, male ration includes more calories than the female one. Life cycle of a human being is a multi-stage process that depends on a number of environmental and genetic factors. As a result, people’s nutritional needs vary depending on their age and gender. Defining the basic elements that a grown-up person needs will help shape modern people’s diet. Adults’ Nutritional Needs: A Complete List It should also be kept in mind that men and women have different nutritional needs due to the specifics of male and female bodies. The following predetermines the differences in nutrition patterns:   * Age;   * Pregnancy (for women);   * Deficiency of specific elements (e.g., calcium, iron, etc.)   * Male Nutritional Needs:       + 28-34 g of fiber per day;       + Higher calorie requirements;       + Lower nutrients requirements;       + 8 mg iron per day;   * Female Nutritional Needs:       + 22-28 g of fiber per day;       + Lower calorie requirements;       + Higher nutrient requirements (esp. during pregnancy and lactation);       + 18 mg iron per day. As a rule, female nutritional needs are considerably lower than the ones of a man unless a woman is pregnant. Men also tend to have a considerably higher calorie requirement. However, the latter is also considered to depend on the activities that the person in question performs. In addition, women need twice as much iron per day as men. Nutritional Needs and the Means to Satisfy Them Nutritional Need There are a number of different nutrients and vitamins that men and women need to sustain their health. The basic ones, however, include:   * Vitamin B12;   * Folate/Folic Acid;   * Calcium; Sources of the Minerals/Vitamins/Elements   * The aforementioned vitamins and elements can be found in the following food:   * Vitamin B12: Clams, oysters, and other seafood;   * Folate/Folic Acid: spinach;   * Calcium: dairy. Apart from knowing the exact vitamins and minerals that a person needs, one also has to be able to locate these elements. It is worth mentioning, though, that even when one of the sources is unavailable, the required mineral/vitamin can be found in other sources. For example, Vitamin B12 is found not only in oysters, but in most seafood. Adults, Children and Elderly People: Nutritional Needs Comparison   * Infant:       + Vitamin A;       + Vitamin C;       + Vitamin D;       + Vitamin K;       + Vitamin B1;       + Riboflavi
Introduction Simone de Beauvoir opens her book The Second Sex with the confession of her hesitations before starting writing. She believes many people and women in particular consider this issue irritating and not new. Despite many arguments on the feminism, the core of the problem if difficult to identify. Simone de Beauvoir cites Dorothy Parker who believes that both, men and women, should be treated as human beings. The issue of women’s desire to be equal with men in all spheres and accent on masculinity as the reason for respect is considered strange by Simone de Beauvoir. She concludes that American women are annoyed with their femininity which influences their behavior. The Second Sex The author interrogates, what is a woman? And she explains that she readily defines herself as a woman. This fact contributes to the differences between men and women because male individuals rarely pose themselves as individuals of a certain gender. Moreover, Simone de Beauvoir believes that the relationships between men and women should not be treated as opposite electrical poles. Also, the author is irritated by the wide-spread practice to explain some actions or sayings with belonging to a certain gender. In such cases, women are considered to be defective creatures unable to take part in the discussion or express sound ideas. Since the times of Aristotle, a woman is thought to lack some qualities necessary for human beings, and this idea results in gender discrimination. This defectiveness is supported by the Genesis story that presents Eve as if made from Adam’s bone. Simone de Beauvoir comments on the treatment of a man as the Subject and the Absolute while a woman is called the Other presented by Monsieur Benda. She states that such duality is characteristic of ancient myths and is not always related to the gender issue. For example, such duality is found in couples such as Sun – Moon, Day – Night, Good – Evil. However, these couples do not contain any feminine or masculine elements. Traditionally, the introduction of one issue presupposes the existence of the Other, but it does not mean that one is superior. Simone de Beauvoir gives examples of setting up than others, such as village dwellers opposing themselves to those living in cities, citizens of a country can oppose themselves to foreigners, and so on. Thus, in society, it is common to oppose One to the Other as something inessential or as an object. The author claims that such relations are characterized by reciprocity. Simone de Beauvoir states that the issue of domination arises early or later in most of the relations. It means that the majority imposes some ideas on or prevail over the minority. It is frequently characteristic of national minorities such as African Americans of Jews. However, women are not the minority since the number of