ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An extensive academic study of the structure of the subject market is fundamental to the successful mastery of economic theories and concepts relevant to the industry. Critical market analysis is expected to allow the student not only to summarize current knowledge but also to examine a particular product in more depth and with an open mind. It is then appropriate to note that such a written analysis is a relevant strategy for examining the economic forces of the macro and microenvironment that drive product development. In this essay, such a product was chosen to be Apple’s well-known line of phones, namely iPhones. Without focusing on a particular device, but instead looking at the dynamics of pricing and demand for the entire current lineup, it is appropriate to distinguish the patterns driving the market. It has been shown that demand for a given product is not a function of price, which means that it can be concluded that it is inelastic. This essay aims to critically analyze the selected product in the context of the industry technology market. Of primary importance is a more substantive analysis of the representation of the iPhones line of smartphones in today’s technology market industry. The best strategy for examining this issue is to examine statistical documents to identify common patterns. For example, it has been shown that the smartphone market is a dynamic system for which there is no stability between quarters (CounterPoint, 2021). In more detail, while Apple’s share of smartphones was 14% by the beginning of 2018, by the end of 2020, that number had risen to 21%. From this, it can be concluded that the iPhone has high strength in the industry sector of the market, and the current business strategies of the conglomerate allow the company to strengthen its position stronger. The improvement in this indicator is a consequence of a successful reputation management strategy. For example, Apple is the traditional leader in terms of iPhone user satisfaction (Shapo, 2020). At the same time, it can be said that the market segment as a whole is intensifying — and therefore, Apple, with its current resources, is improving its leadership representation — as there has been a practical linear growth in global product shipments over the past twelve years, as shown in Figure 1. Based on the available data, it can be argued that iPhones are popular communication devices, finding interest and trust among consumers. Figure 1. Global smartphone shipments from 2009 to 2023 (O’Dea, 2021). It is necessary to be objective to recognize that the high representation in the emerging smartphone market is not yet enough proof of the high demand for the devices. Competitors such as Samsung, Xiaomi, or Nokia are also trendy in the market, but these numbers are too different from what Apple has when considered individually. By the fourth quarter of 2020, the share of iPhones in the sector for the first time took an extremely outperforming nature, surpassing the second competitor, Samsung, by 131 percent (CounterPoint, 2021). This makes sure of the high popularity of the devices among competitors but does not answer the question about the e
The article “Television Commercials as a Lagging Social Indicator” by , K. Kim D. Lowry (2005)describes gender roles in Korean TV commercials and their unique ideological messages. The article concentrates on negative portrayal of people in TV commercials and relationships between qualities and attributes of the products and gendr roles. The importance of hegemony is that it achieves the “active consent” of many through ideological work. That is, force or coercion, such as the use of the police or military to arrest drug dealers and traffickers, is not a part of hegemony. Ideology, on the other hand, represents social and group assumptions rather than individual assumptions. Individuals can subscribe to or believe in particular ideologies, but these ideologies represent social formations. The (woman’s) response clearly identifies the relationship as heterosexual, but one in which she has the dominant role. The authors agree that representation of women reflects social structure of society and relations inside society. “The media play an important role in creating distorted views” (Kim and Lowry 2003, p. 54). Labeling of other women as sound of body/weak of mind suggests that while unrepressed, a woman is no feminist — the other women she imagines are not liberated adults, but rather, childlike sex objects. In commercials, a woman does not demonstrate a positive view of either sex, for women are viewed as weak and men as seducers. So far, she seems to be the only functional adult — she has responsibilities elsewhere, but organizes them well enough to get on a plane, make hotel reservations, call ship-to-shore, and make a date. The authors came to conclusion that “Women were portrayed as young, as nurturing children, and as at home” (Kim and Lowry 2004, p. 43) Cultural beauty standards mediated in print advertisements in relation to depictions of black haircare products for black women are examined. The aim of the article is not to measure the influence of advertising on women, but to examine the ideological and cultural messages that are disseminated through advertising in relation to black female beauty. Also, the usage of gender appeals as a marketing strategy in advertising is also taken into account. These commercials stress having fun — how much fun a toy is to
Introduction As already identified, I would desire to lessen my general alcohol intake. Although I cannot classify myself as a drug dependant person as far as alcohol consumption is concerned, it is important to note that for health and social reasons, I would desire to lower my level of alcohol intake. This change is motivated by a long-term goal of becoming a healthy person as alcohol may jeopardize one’s health as it is excessive consumption causes liver cirrhosis among other diseases. The long term goal is to eliminate alcohol consumption as part of my list of consumables. Medical and social reasons for drinking alcohol Several health benefits are associated with low consumption of alcohol. Although Booley, (2006) notes that alcohol consumed in low quantities is beneficial to the body, he is quick to add that when consumed in large quantities, alcohol can outpace the benefits created by its consumption. One major benefit that one gets from a lack of consumption of alcohol is the reduced chances of contracting alcohol related diseases (Booley, 2006). Consumption of alcohol has been associated with several types of cancers such as cancer of the liver, mouth, pharynx, breast among others. Consumption of alcohol is also associated with pregnancy problems, poorly developed fetus, birth malfunctions among other pregnancy-related issues (Stimmel, 2008). Socially, alcohol has been associated with increased social evils, suicides, and car accidents (Booley, 2006). Therefore, quitting this risky behavior helps a person to avoid all the identified problems. SMART Goals   * Reduce alcohol intake from the current level to manageable levels such as two bottles per intake.   * Ensure that I do not engage myself in forums that may influence my behavior negatively.   * Continue equipping myself with the knowledge that may help in controlling alcohol consumption. Despite these elaborated goals, there may be some obstacles that may hinder the achievement of the main goals. These obstacles may include behavioral obstacles where one may be inhibited by past behaviors such as social gatherings from quitting the unhealthy behavior. Emotions may also jeopardize the achievability of the identified goals. As experienced by many alcoholics, emotional distress is easily countered by imbibing some alcohol and thus any attribute that affects the emotions may affect the behavior of the affected per
Introduction According to Schneider (2010) community policing is a value system that permeates the department of police with the main aim of collaborating with the general public to identify and resolve issues that are negatively impacting the livability of neighborhoods, places of residence, or the entire area as a whole (Schneider, 2010). This paper discusses the community policing adopted by the Memphis police department. The Memphis Police Department, as a pro-active community policing organization, has made a lot of steps in offering safe environments for the residents through developing strong partnerships with the community or general public. Overview of Memphis Police Department (MPD) In Memphis Police Department, the crime prevention office is based under the special operations unit. Crime prevention is mainly mandated with the responsibility of creating, managing, organizing, and coordinating all community-based and community outreach programs and initiatives associated with the MPD. Community Outreach Program This is the MPD community policing program or initiative that was developed to serve the community better and relative to community policing as well as the reduction of juvenile violence (Schneider, 2010). The program was formally rolled out in mid-2012. About sixty police officers and six supervisors were selected to manage the program. Community policing is approached in three different ways namely: educating the general public, enforcement of the law, and identification of the issues and areas of concern. Initiatives that are likely to be successful Some of the initiatives that are likely to be successful include the Hoops challenge, and the clergy academy. However, those that are unlikely to succeed include Neighborhood Watch, National Night out, and Black history knowledge bowl. Hoops challenge Memphis police department believes that most of its policies will be successful. Among the success stories is the hoops challenge (Schneider, 2010). The program which was started in 2011 to build positive and interpersonal police student relationships has achieved much since its inception of basketba
Introduction The world is getting competitive and firms are struggling to come up with appropriate measures that can increase their efficiency and attract more customers in the market. In the automobile sector, competition has been taken a step higher. Different car manufacturers are coming up with different projects that can enable them capture larger market share. Different models of cars and different engine models are coming up to meet the current market expectation. According to Liker (93), in the automobile industry, the customers are looking for speed, efficiency and safety of the products they purchase. They want an assurance that the product they buy can support a speed to a given maximum level that they desire. Similarly, they want a product that is efficient when on the road. Lastly, customers look for comfort and safety of the product they purchase. These are some of the factors that have been defining projects of most of the automobile companies. They have been making concerted efforts to ensure that they come up with cars that can meet or even surpass the market expectations. The fact that other competing companies have the capacity to meet and exceed the market expectations puts a lot of pressure on various firms to ensure that they develop products that can be satisfactory in the market. The Land Rover Car manufacturer knows that it has a responsibility to ensure that it meets the market expectations. This company has always been making efforts to ensure that it produces cars with the capacity to meet customers’ demands. According to Wang (117), Land Rover has developed a good rapport with the market as a manufacturer of four-wheel drive cars with the capacity to be driven easily in rough terrains. This saw the brand become very popular with the military forces and other government security agents. The car was preferred for the power of its engines that would enable it move in very challenging terrains. Its speed also made it be preferred by security agents in curbing crime in various cities. Land Rover has been known for its quality products in the market. It is this legacy that the management has been trying to maintain. However, the recent complaint by some customers was a major concern for the management of this firm. Some customers have complained that the Land Rover engine has some effects. According to the report by Travis (47), a customer is reported to have complained that after using the car for about one week, the car developed some mechanical problems in the engine that could not allow it to move beyond 60 kilometers per hour. Others complained that the engine of this car developed strange sound while going at a speed of over 100 kilometers. There were other complains from various individuals concerning the engine of this car. What was worrying was the fact that the project that culminated into this faulty engine was a very ambitious project. The project was incepted after the realization that the market was satisfied with all the features of Land Rover but speed. The market wanted a Land Rover with a higher capacity when it comes t
The American Revolution is the event that resulted in the United States gaining independence and ceasing to be part of the British colonies. The term bourgeois revolution is often used to evaluate this rebellion, as the violent action captured all parties involved in the conflict. In addition, the revolution was the result of several factors, including the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and The Declaratory Act. The Proclamation Act of 1763 sought to settle new British lands in North America and stabilize relations with the Indians by regulating the fur trade, colonization, and land purchases on the western frontier. In addition, the goals were also the assimilation of the French population and the transformation of Canada into a British colony. The Proclamation was initially well-received among the American colonists because of the emancipation of the land and the cessation of hostilities (Ellis, 2021). However, there was a backlash among the migrating colonists in which many ignored the Proclamation and settled in the west, creating tension between them and the Native Americans. The Proclamation is believed to have regulated land relations for the first time, but recognizing Native sovereignty remains unresolved. Nevertheless, the Proclamation Act remains an important influence on Native representations and movements, including American colonist migrations and land consolidation. The purpose of The Declaratory Act was to equalize the powers of Parliament in America with Great Britain. The Declaratory Act of 1766 was about the absolute power of the Parliament to legislate and amend the colonial government, even though the colonists were not members of Parliament (Ellis, 2021). In so doing, the Act denied freedom and tightened the framework within which colonists could act. The Act vividly demonstrates the British government’s unpreparedness for the political fullness and awareness that arose among Americans. In so doing, the Act exacerbated the psychological aspect of the colonists and spurred Americans to act for their freedom. Thus, among the events preceding the American Revolution, a considerable number of acts hurt American society. The gradual accumulation of pressures and the aggravated situation of indigenous peoples led to the emergence of protests and the strengthening of political literacy. The American Revolution resulted from extensive changes in social attitudes, also affecting legal norms and introducing notions of freedom struggles. Reference Ellis, J. J. (2021). The cause: The American revolution and its discontents, 1773-1783. Liveright
Introduction Trade embargo is usually the primary sanctions imposed to a country. A trade embargo can be partial or full. A full trade embargo normally entails total suspension of import from or export to the embargoed state of all goods and services. This is normally with the exception of goods needed for humanitarian purposes. The goods include food and medical supplies; there are also other humanitarian supplies. In some cases, the embargo does not only mean the restriction of movement of goods but also people (Aust, 2010). In as much as the Trade embargo normally affects the embargoed country economically and socially, it provides opportunities for self evaluation and growth. The US trade embargo to Cuba was slapped in 1962 and has lasted 48 years. It was put in place so as to demand a democratic way off leadership in the Cuban government (Jafari, 2003). The US trade embargo has a great impact on Cuban tourism industry this are both positive and negative. Analysts argue that the US trade embargo on Cuba had more of positive impacts than negative impact. Tourism industry in Cuba was mainly focused on Havana. Just like the Cuban economy, Cuban tourism was largely depending on US foreign investment. On the day before the Batista regime’s downfall, tourism numbers had recorded arrivals of about 350,000. Tourism in Cuba was, as a result, ranked the second largest foreign exchange earner after sugar (Shackley, 2006). The immediate Castro’s regime that took over the country started building a relationship with USSR. This led to the United States slapping of an economic embargo on Cuba. This restricted movement of goods and people (Gonzalez, 2007). The country’s leader Castro came up with a suggestion to curb the US economic embargo to Cuba, so that it fails to impact negatively on the tourism industry. Fidel discouraged international tourism and instead proposed domestic tourism. This was implemented the way Castro wanted it to be as his regime was dictatorial. This strategy did not work well for Cuba as the tourism industry was negatively affected. The international tourism arrivals declined to only 10,000 arrivals. As a result, the tourism industry nose dived economically. It was the worst drop ever in Cuban tourism industry. The Cuban administration started coming to terms with impact the US trade embargo had imposed on Cuban tourism industry (Pedraza, 2007). The industry was natured again, and this came with the establishment of a body to deal with the packaging, attracting and over seeing the international tourists. The industry was expanded more by the establishment of more beach resorts. This started improving the tourism industry steadily, and in a few years, the arrivals went back to almost the same level they were at Batista regime’s exit. When the USSR collapsed it led to fall of tourism again. A complete over haul of the economy was implemented with mass tourism expected to generate hard currency and attract over sea’s capital (Osieja, 2006). With the collapse of USSR and the tightening of US trade em
In order to remain cost effective in the competitive business environment, businesses must adopt working systems that are not only lean but also efficient. The ever-growing information technology industry presents numerous ways where companies can identify opportunities for savings in their daily operations. One such opportunity is in the management of information within the company and especially about accounting information. Traditionally, firms relied on the laborious manual accounting systems. These systems require a lot of labor and a large physical filing space whereas suffering from a large number of drawbacks. For instance, it takes a lot of time to trace and retrieve a file in the traditional accounting system. On the contrary, it only requires a click of the mouse to retrieve a file in the computerized system. For that reason, firms must embrace technology if they are to succeed in today’s business environment (Bagranoff, Simkin & Norman 2010). Such is the case for Willoy Engineering, an electrical contracting company based in Illinois. The company offers electrical maintenance and installations services to the state of Illinois. In order to identify the requirements for the new accounting system, one must understand the current system, identify its weaknesses, and think up ways in which to solve them. This involves studying the current physical system, documenting it, defining the future logic system, and designing the future physical system. To start with, one must study and analyze the system in use by utilizing the existing documentation such as data flow diagrams and flow charts. At this stage, the objective is to build on the available information to understand the operations of the current system. To document the existing logical system, one should remove the physical elements from the current system and produce a logical flow data diagram. One then proceeds to the next stage of defining the user requirements for the new system. This involves ranking the requirements according to their importance in order to establish the most crucial ones in case the available resources cannot satisfy all the user requirements. To achieve this, it is imperative to categorize the user requirements into three groups. There are those requirements that are critical to the system and without which the system would not be usable, those that make the system easier to use and those that make the system “nice enough” but are not critical to the operation of the system (Ulric & Dull 2010). Any systems development cycle starts with an initiative. There must be a will to solve a particular problem. In this case, the need to improve the current accounting system is the identified initiative. It then goes to systems concept development where one identifies the scope of project and where an analysis is done on the costs versus benefits, risk management and as well as a determination of how feasible, the project is. A project management plan then follows which provides the guidelines and timelines for acquiring the required resources for the successful completion of the project. After which, one needs to do a requirements analysis in
Unfortunately, certain gendered and racial stereotypes tend to negatively influence people and especially females of color and result in the lack of mentorship of African American women. The study by Rosette et al. (2016) aims at exploring the influence of racial stereotypes of Asian and African American women on the two types of agentic bias, namely, agentic deficiency and agentic penalty. This is a mixed-method article as it uses both qualitative and quantitative types of research to gather, analyze, and process information related to the discussed problem. For conducting their study, the authors used the conceptual framework based on intersectionality and subgroup research (Rosette et al., 2016, p. 2). In other words, they achieved the research results by analyzing the existing literature, conducting a free-response survey, establishing the connection between these findings, and proposing their own ideas. As for the methodology, the researchers conducted a survey with 180 Americans from ClearVoice Research and provided a Secondary Data Analysis (Rosette et al., 2016, p. 7). These findings together helped the authors understand and evaluate the stereotypical content that is associated with White, Black, and Asian American women subgroups. As a conclusion, Rosette et al. (2016) propose that it is possible to find out how agentic deficiency and agentic penalty biases can prevent the advancement of women to leadership positions in case particular gendered and racial stereotypes become isolated and coherent with a certain agency dimension. This study may be evaluated as quality research that uses appropriate methods, draws significant conclusions after a thorough analysis, and contributes to the field and solution of the problem. It is also of great importance for my research topic about the lack of mentorship of African American women as it explores some stereotypes and biases against Black women and their leadership positions. Reference Rosette, A. S., Koval, C. Z., Ma, A., & Livingston, R. (2016). Race matters for women leaders: Intersectional effects on agentic deficiencies and penalties. The Leadership Quarterly , 1-17.