ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world is growing and changing rapidly, and the changes come with numerous challenges, which have taken the world through the insurgence of legal controversies throughout its growth in the contemporary times. The quest to change the regulations and enhance professionalism in law and its regulations has always subjected lawyers to numerous dilemmas with the most common task being their ability to protect constitutions, guarantee justice, and balance their rapport within the socio-cultural welfare 1 . The notions that individuals develop in numerous cases have created a different reputation of the legal frameworks governing the professionalism of law. Nonetheless, the current decade has witnessed complications arising from the realities of legal frameworks and the societal suspicions with the international media including films and some television programmes constantly creating problems associated with inferring causality. Despite the existing literature, nothing seems to change on societal perceptions given the growing tenacity of media. Therefore, this essay explores how regulations of the legal profession and its processes have affected societal perceptions of the lawyer as depicted in law, film, and culture. Historical acuity o
Introduction Motivation is the process or the act of stimulating human beings to work towards the attainment of a specific objective. Normally, human beings will only work when they have an urge or need to fulfil, or when they are after gaining something. Usually, people will work for money. However, it is important to note that money is not the only factor that can help in increasing the productivity of employees (Rynes, Gerhart, & Minette, 2004). Sales force motivation is the process of making the organizational sales team to become more effective and aggressive. It involves establishing direction for the team, influencing its intensity, as well as persistence (Anderson, Babin, & Mehta, 2008). The sales team is normally subjected to enormous pressure due to the nature of the work the team does. For instance, the market conditions are highly unpredictable, yet the team is expected to be productive. There are four stages that were formulated by Cron in 1984 describing the career path of a salesperson. The stages are: exploration, establishment, maintenance, and disengagement (Purohit, 2010). Behaviour motivation was one of the dimensions that were used to describe the stages. Managers can motivate a salesperson by focusing on the current career stage. For instance, the salesperson can be motivated by providing peer acceptance in the company during the exploration stage because it is a self-discovery stage. The salesperson is concerned with stability and security in the establishment stage, thus promoting the salesperson is a great source of motivation. Increasing medical benefits and salary increments can be used in the maintenance stage because the salesperson is concerned with body changes related to aging, as well as the challenge of staying motivated and productive. The disengagement stage is similar to the retirement period (Purohit, 2010). Reassuring the salesperson better retirement benefits is one way of keeping them motivated at this stage. Several theorists in the field of management have often re-visited the issue of employees’ remuneration. In addressing the case of a salesperson’s productivity, this essay will focus on the Maslow hierarchy of needs, equity theory, expectancy theory, as well as organizational behaviour modification to support the view that money is not enough to motivate an employee or improve the productivity of the employee. It will also focus on the intrinsic and the extrinsic rewards that can be effective in motivating the sales team (Suciu, Mortan, & Lazar, 2013). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that was developed by Abraham Maslow in the 20 th century (Dye, Mills, & Weatherbee, 2005). It is important to note that in economics, one of the characteristics of human needs is that they are recurrent and they cannot be fully satiable. When a
Introduction Gender issues have drawn attention from thespians over the past few decades with most movies revolving around this topic. Gender roles and the discrimination of women have been the main topics of concern in most movies in the recent past. This paper analyzes the movie, The Stoning of Soraya M. , which revolves around a woman, who is stoned to death for allegedly being promiscuous. The movie shows women as inferior to men as illustrated by the differentials in the roles and the decision-making process. Gender issues In the movie, discrimination against women in the Islamic society is evident. The protagonist, Soraya, is stoned after allegedly involving herself in extramarital affairs with her employer. Justice in the Islamic society is one-sided. In a just society, the man deserves a similar punishment given that he is also involved in an affair with a 14-year-old girl whom he wants to marry. For a man to marry another wife, he should first divorce his first wife. Therefore, the man may be said to have committed a similar sin by engaging in love affair with a 14-year-old girl. The disregard for women is further exemplified by Ali’s decision to take his sons and leave the daughters with their mother. Ali avoids the responsibility of helping his daughters by claiming that his wife is in a sexual relationship with a widower. His intention from the beginning is to seek divorce and pave way for his new marriage. The superiority of men may also be seen in the sentiments made by Soraya’s older son to the younger one. The younger son is reluctant to throw a stone to his mother as commanded by his father. However, the older one tells him to prove his manhood by hitting their mother with a stone. These sentiments are illustrative of the view that men are strong as opposed to their female counterparts. The movie also sends a message on the role o
Introduction History knows a lot of examples, when people born in simple families managed to gain respect and love of the whole nation. Alexander Hamilton was one of such people. This person was rather all-rounded, his inner world and the ability to attract attention helped him to reach the highest levels of the political career, to be a good leader and to remain a good person. Alexander Hamilton is the person, who even after so much time has passed, remains one of the most notable and respected people in the history of American politics. Before considering the contribution of Alexander Hamilton into the political life of America, the life way of this person should be followed. Focusing the attention on Alexander Hamilton’s life it is possible to understand why and how he, person born from simple people, managed to reach so much in political and economical structure of American government. Being born in the island of Nevis in the West Indies on January 11, 1757, he was killed on the duel by Aaron Burr in 1804. He was born in the family of Scotch merchants, and his father was regarded most by him. The extraordinary precocity of the boy, his curious mind and strong character gave way to his abilities. The main qualities of his character may be taken from the letter, which was written by Alexander Hamilton to his friend Edward Stevens, I condemn the groveling condition of a clerk, or the like, to which my fortune condemns me, and would willingly risk my life, though not my character, to exalt my station. I am confident, Ned, that my youth excludes me from my hopes of immediate preferment, nor do I desire it; but I mean to prepare the way for futurity (Lodge 2). Main Text These words confirm the suggestion that Alexander Hamilton was a very powerful person and that the desire to be the first, the desire to reach something in his life was so strong, that he could make everything (except betraying himself) in order to be able to show all his potential. People who worked with him described his as a person of “lively imagination – a quick almost intuitive perception – profound and comprehensive views, a ready invention of expedients in cases of difficulty, with a solid and correct judgment” (Miller and Aldridge 226) All these were the desirable dreams, as to become educated at Alexander Hamilton’s time could only wealthy or few fortunate people (Haugen 9). Alexander was none of them. But all these limitations in Alexander Hamilton’s life were not the borders for him in reaching his aim, he sill managed to become a powerful leader of the country thanks to his inborn talent. Hamilton was also a very clever and hard working person and people were found to help him. His desire to be successful gave him the opportunity to receive a good education, which opened him the way to the top.
Introduction Technology advancements continue to influence perspectives and practices of branding, but important constructs of branding are still relatively unchanged from what they were a decade ago. However, the entire concept has leapfrogged when observed in the context of ten decades ago. The change has been from a marketing ideology and its various associated changes to a branding ideology. Branding has shifted from being an accessory of corporate strategy to become a critical success factor for organizations, individuals, special interest groups, institutions, and movements alike. Marketers and brands can now reach targets in the context of their daily lives and routines. This ability presents various opportunities and threats. Growth in brand reputation also increases stakeholder scrutiny of the brand. Going forward, it will be critical for all practitioners and scholars to embrace the fact that brands are ‘performative’ because they transform the context of their application and the subjectivity of participants (Nakassis 2012). Review of academic literature on recent trends in branding The rise of branding as a corporate activity in the recent decades has been successful, but the trend is now facing challenges from the rise of anti-brand activism (Palazzo & Basu 2007). These two trends come from a societal transition from an industrial to a post-industrial society, which, coupled with globalization, is calling for brand success to encompass more than just superior product performance. Corporations now have to think beyond performance and into the social behaviour of their brand as evoked by their brand (Palazzo & Basu 2007). According to Wang et al. (2012), consumers deploy superstitions to fill the void of unknown company offerings when they first encounter a brand logo. They also use the superstitions to evaluate a brand logo and judge benefits arising from its offerings. Individuals who believe in fate see less need to seek control over their fortune or fate in an uncertain market condition (Wang et al. 2012). Therefore, they take less cues from external information sources like brand logos. On the other hand, people can form positive attitudes toward a brand logo because of their perceived benefits, as indicated by the images and connotations arising from psychological beliefs. In such cases, strong beliefs influence positive assoc
Introduction A criminal justice system has three major elements, viz. the police force, the courts of law, and the correction department (De Bois, 2011). The system is sequential and it starts from the arrest of an offender, pressing charges, standing trial, sentencing, and the eventual punishment. The sentencing and imprisonment stages elicit debates particularly with regard to retributive justice and rehabilitation as approaches to penal justice. The rehabilitation approach aims at changing the behavior of an offender including his or her personality to make them less inclined to criminal activities (De Bois, 2011). It modifies the criminal behavior of offenders and transforms them into law-abiding citizens. Rehabilitation differs from deterrence and incapacitation for deterrence only deters offenders from committing a crime, but it does not eliminate criminal desire, while in incapacitation, the offender’s physical ability to commit a crime is tamed often through incarceration. The three approaches in turn differ from retribution, as the aim of retribution is not to prevent re-offending but rather it primarily considers the seriousness of the offense (Gray, 2010). Therefore, the retributive idea is not about deterring reoffending in society, retaliation, or vengeance, rather it aims to form a basis of a fair sentencing system. The debate about retributive justice and rehabilitation revolve around two issues; first, which of the two approaches ensures satisfactory punishment, and in practice, which approach can be used in the penal justice system? Based on the pros and cons of both approaches, rehabilitation should be used as a guide in the criminal justice system in the U.S. The Problem Area It is worth noting that much of the debate over this topic revolves around the frameworks of these two approaches. The differences in frameworks result in inconsistent valuing of retribution over rehabilitation and vice versa by various agents. According to Markel and Chad (2010), debaters should consider practical reason, meta-ethics, and epistemology to make normative conclusions for such a perception would result in an informed approach when dealing with this issue. Another problem relates to legislation as the mandate to legislate rests with the government. This aspect often results in valuing one of the approaches over the other without examining the framework. However, from a social obligation standpoint, citizens relinquish their rights to a central auth
Directional strategies are the essential aspects or approaches that guide strategists make critical organizational decisions. The primary directional strategies include vision, mission, goals, and values. Vision statement creates a mental image of the organization to the society and the entire public. On the other hand, the mission statement highlights the organization’s distinctive reason or purpose for existing in a given environment and distinguishes it from others of its type. The organization’s scope of operations in goods, services, and the market is identified from the mission statement. Strategic goals are the results or benchmarks associated with success factors (Ginter et al., 2018). Lastly, the organization’s core values are the fundamental guiding principles that shape its culture amongst its members and stakeholders. On the contrary, strategic alternatives are the intellectual curiosity of gathering, organizing, and analyzing information accompanied by the willingness to be and remain open to creative thoughts, ideas, and solutions that last in the long term. Asian Health Services (AHS) has multiple directional strategies and strategic alternatives available for various organizational uses. According to the case, AHS’s mission is to advocate for the medically unserved and ensure equality in providing and access to adequate healthcare services to everyone in the Asian community, including refugees and immigrants regardless of their culture, language, insurance status, and income. It is driven by the inadequacy of healthcare services in the Asian community and other societies. For example, Obamacare, popularly known as the Affordable Care Act, requires all legal Americans to have healthcare coverage (Chung & Chin, 2015). AHS’s vision is to improve healthcare quality and promote health equity in Asia. The organizational value is to remain a not-for-profit operation. The AHS’s strategic goal is to strive to successfully adjust to the changing demographics, the free market economy, and the consumers’ preferences. AHS’s primary strategies include acquiring new electronic healthcare records, establishing an AHS care model, initiating extensive clinical education campaigns, and strengthening stakeholder bonds. Selected Strategies First, the new healthcare records would be connected with Obama’s Affordable Care Act policies to ensure compliance. It would help mission pursuit by facilitating easy and equal treatment of patients regardless of the third nationality, culture, language, insurance status, and income (Kimberly et al., 2014). Secondly, the new AHS care model would involve recruiting nurses, physicians, case managers, health coaches, mental health specialists, and counselors. The team must hav
Management Summary At present, Advance living is the sole company in the industry. The director will be responsible for the entire tasks associated with operating, and framing business, these will include assisting customers, designing and building frames, ordering, and human resources. The company is planning to appoint an assistant manager, whose key duties will be a key holder of office and peer supervisor.Thus, the director will be the chief executive and the president of the business. Personnel Plan Given the small business nature of Advance living Gallery, this personnel is designed to serve as a guide to staffing, where staffing decisions will be ultimately be based on business need. Advance living Gallery’s personnel plan can be summarized as follows: There will be a manager, who will oversee daily operations as well as fill in to meet work needs. There will also be one assistant manager who will act as both key holder and peer supervisor. There will also be one full sales and associate primarily responsible for customer assistance on issues of purchases and inventory control. In the first year, Advance will initially employ two sales associates one who will be the assistant manager. Hopefully, additional associates will be deployed to help increase the business. Continuing employment will be subject to staffing demands. The management team will consist of five directors, where we shall have the president and the CEO, the CFO and two more directors. President and chief executive officer The president has worked with information technology tools in a related industry for ten years. His expertise is in intranet, internet and development of strategic business partnership. His expertise is in the Internet, Intranet and development of strategic business partnerships.Previousely, the president has worked with NCS warehouses storage and media house a world class provider of spacing utilities and space solutions. He has wide experience in assisting in provision of living and store facilities. Chief Financial Officer Our chief financial officer graduated Magna Cum Laude from Quinnipiac University and has worked with financial and warehouse space management for over seven years. He is currently National Implementation Manger National warehouse management inte
This paper offers a holistic summary of the description, origin, causes and effects of invisible hand of capitalism in the world of business. To begin with, it is imperative to note that the term capitalism has been used for decades to depict an economic system of gaining wealth. The concept and ideology behind capitalism was a brainchild of Adam Smith who came up with the term in the 19 th century. He used this concept to describe the economic system in which the means of production were owned, dominated and operated by private individuals and for the sole purpose of making supernormal profits. In addition, the ideology behind capitalism sought to concentrate wealth among limited number of people. In other words, major economic investments were executed by few in society. Moreover, it is also worth to note that capitalism is grounded on the freedom of individual enterprises. In this regard, to prevent economic abuses occasioned by market factors such as monopoly, cartels and financial frauds, any other government needs to regulate market operations especially in the case of a capitalistic regime where economic might by the few individuals controls the economy (Kennedy 260). This has existed from as early as 1930s despite the capitalist ideal of ‘hands off’ government. To date, there are myriad of many countries that have put up measures to control manipulation of the market. For instance, the United States of America government has been employing subsides, tax credits, incentives and other types of exemptions so that the market can be conducive to all players namely producers and consumers. Moreover, other countries like Japan and German do not advocate the market to fully control the economy. The main rationale behind the latter is to manage the risks that may arise from the very economy. For instance, when Soviet Union and its satellite states collapsed, it resulted into huge losses being incurred. In the case of Adam Smith, the wealth of nations coupled with the free market has persuaded many countries favor the classical capitalism which was initiated during the 19th century. Following the great depression in the 20st century, most countries ended the laissez-faire economics. By the beginning of the 21st century, capitalism remained unrivaled following demise of state controlled policies in Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union. According to Adam Smith, every individual attempts to maximize wealth through trade or other entrepreneurial activities in a capitalistic economy. This may jeopardize an economy since wealth will not be evenly distributed for the sake of carrying out investments. In defining the invisible hand, (Sullivan and Sheffrin 32) describe it as the natural phenomenon that guides free market and capitalism through competition of scarce resources. The theory of invisible hand is coined to serve self interests. Therefore, producers have freedom on how to handle the process of production and selling of goods and services. On the other hand, consumers have the liberty to choose on what to purchase hence both players in the market will choose product
Executive Summary The report deals with the introduction of innovation in an organization and how the organization manages the changes that occurred in the organization due to the implementation of innovation. For this particular study, the company selected is Phitone Corp, one of the major players in sensor and sensor-related business. Phone Corp is a specialized leading sensor company. Report focus on identifying an appropriate growth strategy for Phitone Corp which suits the industry environment prevailing now and that strategy should provide a better result and avoid challenges of integration and overpayment. Introduction The growth and prosperity of a business are depended on the nature of its operation. If a business is operated with a well thought out plan it will prosper and generate more profits. This is what Michael Porter states about the growth of a business. This report is intended to present a detailed picture of the factors that make a business grow and the factors that do not make a business grow. For the purpose of analyzing these, the case of Phone Corp is being taken. The performance of Phitone Corp in Capsim is measured on the basis of different parameters after which a conclusion is drawn regarding its performance. The parameters that are used for measurement of the performance of Phitone Corp are stock and bond market, financial statements, production analysis, traditional segment, low-end segment, high-end segment, performance segment, size segment and market share. The performance of Phitone Corp in Capsim is compared with other companies and with its own industry that is the sensor industry. Among the above factors, financial statements and market share are the core paramet