ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The society has developed sophisticated ways of promoting various activities including trade interactions within and outside a country. Competition among business enterprises has forced many firms to think of various ways of structuring their firms in order to stand high chances of competing effectively with other firms. It should be noted that a successful business relies on the strategies set by the directors and managers through the policies and professional codes that ensure work is done correctly (Horan 2007). In addition, the structures of various organizations help management delegate most of their duties to other staff members. This discussion focuses on Boffy Company and how lateral and vertical collaborations have been used within the organization. Main Body Boffy Company was founded by Daniel Boffy about fifty years ago on the basis of mastering highly ranked technical skills in the aeronautics and automotive sectors among other demanding industrial products. He later sold the firm to a similar company about ten years ago. The management of this firm is headed by a Board of Directors which acts as surveillance unit on the firm’s activities. Most of the firm’s clients are business people and companies (Todeva 2011). The European Community played a major role of extending the firm’s market to Greece, England, Portugal and Norway. The firm has since adopted vertical and lateral structures in order to achieve the goals and targets set. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chair of the Board occupy the top offices in the firm. They supervise all activities of the Board Members including the Managers and Supervisors of various units. In addition, the firm has various units that foresee the effective running of the firm’s processes. Every department has a manager, assistant manager, foreman and workers. The roles of these units are grouped into operating, control and pre-strategy levels. The Commercial Department deals with all activities that involve marketing of the company’s products (Todeva 2011). They also carry out market surveys and studies aimed at establishin
The quality of life in various regions of the world can drastically differ, creating significant discrepancies and altering the possibilities of encountering illness. Such instances as stroke, Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common causes of increased disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in individuals throughout the globe (Li, 2018). This work discusses DALY as an excellent measure of global health, analyzing India and the United States and proposing that social attitudes and medical care availability serve as the primary causes of DALY differences. India and the US are two considerably contrasting nations, possessing distinct cultural characteristics and quality of life standards. The two countries represent separate economic regions, with India representing the Asian sector and the United States a part of the North American sector. In this regard, the DALY elements vary significantly between these nations. India possesses a unique ratio of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNN), non-communicable disorders, and injuries (IHME, n.d.). The prevalence of non-communicable illnesses underlines a significant tendency towards IHD, stroke, and diabetes. A smaller percentage of ailments contributes to CMNN, with neonatal complications and lower respiratory infections remaining the major health issues. Road injuries, falls, and self-harm are less common among the Indian population. In comparison, the USA demonstrates a different pattern of DALYs. Non-communicable ailments occupy the largest part of DALY causes in the US (IHME, n.d.). Such conditions as IHD, lung cancer, and stroke appear to be the most common non-communicable illnesses, while neonatal complications, lower respiratory infections, and HIV, all classified as CMNN, are often present in the population. Nevertheless, road injuries, falls, and self-harm constitute a corresponding percentage compared to India. Therefore, the main contrasts are evident in the ratio of non-communicable and infectious diseases, a greater variety of non-communicable illnesses in the US, and a considerable impact of drugs on the lives of American citizens. It is possible that the social and environmental characteristics of the countries discussed play a substantial role in the occurrence of outlined discrepancies. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the United States might be influenced by the density of the Indian populatio
The use of strategic management techniques is the solution to the problem of connecting Tasmanian educational institutions to broadband internet. This audacious opening remark is really the thesis of this paper. This paper discusses the role that strategic management should play in making access to broadband a reality for all schools in Tasmania. According to Volberda et al. (2012, p. 7), strategic planning is the entirety of “commitments and actions” an organization takes to acquire some form of competitive advantage. Usually the strategic management process starts after the development of a strategic plan. However, a strategic plan is not the strategic management process. The plan captures the strategic aspirations of an organization, while strategic management makes those aspirations a reality. Tasmania is dealing with the challenge of ensuring that all its educational institutions get access to broadband internet. Learning institutions are lagging behind in the adoption of broadband for a number of reasons that form part of the subject matter of the next section of this paper. This paper will explore the potential of solving this issue using strategic management approaches. Stack, Watson and Abbott-Chapman (2011) in the report titled “The Challenges of Creating Connectivity for Tasmanian Education” listed these concerns. Their report is the case that this paper considers. This case study aims at providing recommendations in regards to the best way to resolve the issue using insights from strategic management. Findings The digital revolution is presenting various challenges to policy makers across the world. The need for IT skills is no longer a specialty for computer scientists only. It is evolving into a basic skill that everyone needs to survive. In the same manner that IT is bringing revolutionary changes in the whole world, it is also creating very new and unique problems for policy makers. Tasmania already enjoys broadband availed through the National Broadband Network (NBN) to major towns throughout Australia. The network serves as the backbone of the Australian internet infrastructure. Since the commencement of the NBN project 2009, the density of connections has been on the rise throughout the country, including Tasmania. This trend excludes learning institutions. Several factors permeate the environment in educational institutions that influences their access to a broadband connection. Stack, Watson and Chapman (2011) carried out research into this matter and concluded as follows. Many learning institutions in Tasmania do not have an internet connection that can support E-learning initiatives. This situation is remarkable because E-learning is possible even without broadband. Secondly, connecting learning institutions to the NBN is more complex than just the provision of broadband. Policy makers need to determine whether this is the best way to ensure that lear
Biography Plato’s real name was Aristocles, son of Ariston. It is a Greek name that means wide or broad. He could have attained the name because of the nature of his forehead or because of his extensive knowledge. His mother was called Perictione, and his father was Ariston. Most people believe that his birth occurred between 424 and 423 or 428 and 427 B.C.E. He was a philosopher and a mathematician in classical Greece. He contributed significantly to the introduction of Western education and science (Barrow 120-180). Due to the wealth and political influence of his family, his father gave him the best education. He learnt gymnastics, music, and philosophy. He went to receive teachings from some of the best teachers. He was a brilliant boy in his class. He attended philosophy classes and happened to meet Cratylus. Another great influence, especially in mathematics, came from Pythagoras. He learnt some of his philosophical ideas about the soul from him. He started the first university of Philosophy in Greece called Academus. Many intellectuals, including Aristotle, became his students (Herman 250-300). In his later life, Plato spent much of his time in Syracuse. He taught Philosophy to Dion of Syracuse. He could not continue because they differed with the king. When they gave him up to slavery, a colleague rescued him and sent him back home. Some sources explicitly state that Plato died in his sleep. They indicate that he died in 428 B.C.E. His remains lay on his Academy grounds (Nails 170-250). Context Plato taught that in order to find answers, people must ask questions. He encouraged people not to rely so much on other people’s work. It is in this perspective that Plato’s work only seeks to help the reader to think but not to assimilate his mind (Proffitt 100-150). A good number of his dialogues do not reach any definite conclusion, and that leaves people to think and provide arguments. Plato concentrated on highlighting the ideal forms of life. He also looked at the daily experiences of life to give a formidable solution. The Republic is his most famous work. He foresees a civilization where society must accept the leadership of a king who is a philosopher. In the Republic and the Phaedrus, Plato presents a tripartite soul. The Appetitive appeals to one’s appetites, the spirited appeals to one’s ego, and the rational appeals to the desire to make a wise choice. The Academus School became his primary achievement. In the Theory of Forms, there are two distinct levels of reality. One reality examines the world that one can see and or hear. The second is the intelligible world of Forms. When one looks at a beautiful picture, one already
Globalization of the local is a concept developed by Thomas Friedman in his book “The World is Flat”. The author claims that globalization does not entail one entirely new civilization that is coming to neutralize all existing cultures. He argues that with globalization, all local cultures are getting the opportunity to become global; that is to extend their influences. Of course, not all of the existing cultures are getting the same opportunity. Those which are more developed, and perceived by the majority of the world’s population as superior, are more likely to have greater influence in this new global culture. In addition, new forms of media are providing a chance for people to cherish their cultural origins in distant parts of the world. This is very important because globalization is causing many people to migrate to other countries in order to pursue their careers. This way, these new technologies are contributing to the quicker flow of ideas and customs. Undoubtedly, in the near future, this will result in a complete integration of different cultures into one global culture which will be quite different from all the existing ones. Many people oppose this idea of a transformed global culture for fear of losing their national heritage and other components of their identity. However, this view is problematic in various aspects. Frist off, cultural transformation is not anything new. It is known that under the influence of social and economic forces, cultures have been changing tremendously throughout history. Secondly, experience has taught us that external intervention cannot stop the changes in the society that are occurring organically. A good example of this is the emancipation of Afro-Americans and women. These two processes faced serious opposition, but they were, nonetheless, completed. Finally, globalization offers an opportunity to build up a culture which is superior to all others that we have witnessed in our past. In this effort, education is definitely going to play the crucial role, and thanks to the advent of new technologies, we now have the opportunity to make education available to everyone. In conclusion, globalization is an unstoppable process, which if carried out in the right way, can be a great step in the development of human race. Dell Theory In his book “The World is Flat”, Thomas Friedman suggests an interesting theory about international relations and conflicts, which he calls “Dell Theory”. The name comes from the famous company that produces electronic equipment – Dell. Dell is widely known for its supply-demand chain, which encompasses several companies around the globe. These companies supply Dell’s assembly lines with all the necessary parts so tha
Psychology deals with people, with society, therefore this field of knowledge is very diverse. Considering the general question which bothers psychology, the problem of social concerns should be mentioned. Therefore, psychology studies social needs and refers to them by means of the existing methodologies. Looking at the human concerns, it is important to understand that the prevention of air pollution should be a priority. People cannot live without air, fresh air. The emergence of many problems connected with lungs is the result of polluted air. Therefore, air pollution is a problem which bothers many people. At the same time, the problems which society is concerned with are related to psychology. Thus, the relation between psychology and nature conservation is obvious. Kazdin (2009) is sure that psychology plays important role in environment behavior. Psychology is a science which may encourage people for particular behavior in relation to air pollution prevention, to foster a certain behavior to support the strategies for air protection. Using various illustrations, like media, the Internet, etc. people can be informed about the particular behavior they are to perform in order to help air protection. Society is informed about the problem and tries to solve it in the ways they can. Thus, some people use public transport, or shift to less air polluting transport. Moreover, education and information are also the aspects of the psychological sciences as they are related to the society. The ability to inform and educate people in a proper way may positively impact air protection as those who are aware of the problem and know how to cope with it are winning. Much attention is paid to the relationship between nature conservation and psychological science. The notion conservation psychology has emerged with the purpose to show the efficient ways for work. To make sure that the relation between conservation and psychological sciences is understood, it is important to consider the meaning of the notion conservational psychology. Therefore, according to Saunders (2003) conservation psychology is “the scientific study of the reciprocal relationships between humans and the rest of nature, with a particular focus on how to encourage conservation of the natural world” (p. 138). This field of knowledge is aimed at using the principles and theories of psychology. Why is the relation of the conservation to psychology that important? People should be encouraged and motivated for protecting nature and prevent air pollution is particular. Therefore, the aspects devoted to the relationship between air pollution and psychology are based on human concerns. Psychology studies this issue trying to cope with societal worries. At the same time, people of the whole planet try to take care of air protection, making it clean and safe. Therefore, the interrelation betwee
Introduction Some basic points on moralism While discussing ethical flaws in an artwork and their impact on its aesthetic value, it is necessary to highlight some important points on moralism in aesthetics. First of all, it should be pointed out that the issue of morality in art can be regarded rather ambiguously. Thus, the so-called immoral art is mostly associated with aesthetic defects. Most of moralists are of the opinion that art can bring about both – benefits and harm. The major contradiction, however, is that any art can be regarded as potentially dangerous, if it does not inspire persons to do something creative. According to Humean moralism, “moral defects in a work of art are aesthetic flaws; insofar as they are present, the work’s aesthetic value is diminished” (Jacobson 158). Keeping in mind the statement, one can probably conclude that the work’s aesthetic value is determined by a person’s moral responses. On the other hand, the evaluative attitudes seem to be more complex, as the issue of morality involves numerous constituents, and must be analyzed on the basis of different perspectives. For instance, the ethical criticism of art is considered to be extremely important, as the kind of criticism gives people an opportunity to evaluate the work in different ways; therefore, both – positive and negative approaches can be taken into account. Autonomism vs. moralism When analyzing whether a work of art is morally correct or incorrect, one is to draw his or her attention to ideas and attitudes a work of art expresses. Thus, a work’s ideas and attitudes seem to shape a person’s moral approach. For this reason, it becomes obvious that a creator’s aesthetical purpose must be intelligible for viewers, as it depends upon public opinion whether an artwork will be accepted as aesthetically good or bad. Another important position, which should be taken into account, is autonomism. Thus, it must be noted that autonomism does not recognize any moral approaches in relation to art. The philosophical position is considered to be totally opposite to moralism. However, it should be stated that both philosophical positions cannot be regarded as reliable, as they are based on “inadequate conceptions of art and aesthetic value” (“Ethical Criticism of Art” par. 5). As far as moralism determines the so-called spiritual values of works of art, autonomism represents more formal attitude to artworks. According to autonomism, a work’s beauty is determined by formal features. These include right proportions and other pure aesthetic qualities. Moral responses in relation to narrative artworks Generally, it is difficult to decide what position should be accepted as the only appropriate one, as artworks are rarely regarded within social perspectives. The supporters of autonomism appeal to the design of works rather than to their content. According to them, ethical approach to art has no sense, because it is considered to be universally inapplicable (Carroll 225). Wh
State the problems or opportunities There are several problems that are besotting this giant health care company. For one thing, it needs to get FDA clearances quickly for its new drug lines, especially stents, so that competitors don’t go ahead. Secondly, it’s high growth rates, earnings and profits needs to be sustained in future years, and even improved in order to stay ahead of the competition. Thirdly, for a company of its size, it needs to ensure before hand, that its acquisition sprees would be profitable cost benefit wise and add value to the organization. Finally, and most crucially, the pace of scientific and medical technological innovation in the health care industry in the United States is growing at a furious pace and J &J needs to keep pace with it, or get overtaken by its competitors. List the alternatives The alternatives that are available are that J& J makes different combines of drug groups and stents so that at least one of two of them could be rendered competitive, thus reducing long and arduous R & D costs. Besides, pricing of drugs and innovative products must be reasonably and in line with prices put forth by their competitors. This would not only have a stabilizing and restraining effect on markets but also avoid price wars and product conflicts in the market place. Perhaps J&J could take pride in the quality and performance of all its product groups and they need to capitalize on their strengths and opportunities in a quiet and dignified way and not cry themselves hoarse in the market place. What J&J are fundamentally keen about is maintaining and increasing their bottom line and for this purpose it needs to undertake useful strategies that could well serve these ends. High profile advertising could only due harm than good and could even erode the creditability that has been garnered over so many years of useful corporate performance by this company. Whatever J&J does today, its competitors does tomorrow- so this company should know the implications and actions of each of its plans and strategies in the market place. Coming to acquisitions and takeovers, it is important that J&J are able to invest judiciously, especially in lines akin to their own. For this, it is necessary that cost benefits from new product investments and takeover are seen, not in the light of present circumstances but from the perspectives of the long term future of both parties. Analyze the alternatives J&J high investme
While globalization is gradually and rapidly conquering our world, making even the most reserved and locked up cultures and countries come out to the public arena, share, interact and participate, many conflicts are being caused by the clash of cultures, backgrounds, cultural differences and preferences. Exchange of food is one of the types of interactions between cultures, it helps people with various backgrounds and up-bringing become more familiar with each other’s way of living, as a result the clash between cultures becomes less possible, as food is a great way to learn about unknown places bit by bit. Boundaries in the modern world are slowly being erased and due to this cultural interactions become inevitable. Unfortunately, in human society something new is not always recognized as something positive or good, many people have problems adapting to changes, instead they fight and get stressed. Sharing food is one of the initial stages of getting to know unfamiliar cultures, it helps a person get prepared for further interactions with the new culture and gradually learn to interact with this culture without a conflict. Practically thinking, national cuisine represents the essence of the culture. Traditional food of all countries and nations brings knowledge about its people’s history, social development, spiritual beliefs, geographical location, health, lifestyle and many other factors. Food serves as a significant base for developing balance in interactions between the representatives of different cultures; it helps find understanding and appreciation of each other’s values, this is why sharing food is an important aspect of an introduction to a new culture. The rate of violence in the modern world is quite high, conflicts happen for many reasons and the ways of prevention of conflicts are varied. Cross-cultural issues and misunderstandings are a common problem of the contemporary world. The improvement and maintenance of cross-cultural interactions could be accomplished though food sharing, because food represents the essence of a culture, learning about a nation’s traditional meals equals to becoming more familiar with an unknown culture. Intercultural communication is a necessary process in the modern world; this process is complicated and has many aspects. Because traditional foods are carrying the knowledge about their nation’s background, history and lifestyle, sharing food is an important stage of cross-cultural interaction aimed at bringing the representatives of various cultures closer in order to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings. To my mind, these thesis statements view food as a significant aspect of contemporary life and reveal the functions of food that never occur to most people. I present food as a type of “social glue” between different cultures. I think the most effective statements are the ones that enumerate the food’s multiple meanings for the society.