ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In 21 st century, energy has become one of the vital international political issues. The globe is witnessing multiple energy confronts, soaring energy prices, climate change, global resource competition and energy poverty. The emerging of new vibrant economies like Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs) have hastened and worsened the present energy trends. India and China are emerging as new demand centres in the global energy system whereas Brazil and Russia have become as significant energy exporters. The global economy is still reliant on varied energy resources namely natural gas, coal, oil, which is known as fossil fuels. This is quite distressing as these resources are depletable, increasingly costly, geographically saturated and very polluting thereby resulting in global warming. The existing substitutes for fossil fuels like biomass energy, nuclear energy, and hydro-power are highly contentious due to their negative risks or side-effects. Further, global energy demand is set to increase many fold in the ensuing decades, especially in the developing and emerging world. It is estimated that global energy demand is likely to exceed by over fifty percent by 2030 and up to eighty percent of this increased demand will be catered by fossil fuels. (IEA 2007b). (Lesage, Graaf & Westphal 2010:2). As we enter the 21 st century, traditional energy sources are shrinking slowly and intertwined issues of a steady increase in demand and constricted supply have compelled to new urge for “energy security” as both consumers and producers resist to manage costs, price, geopolitics and the environmental impacts. These issues, matched with technological upgradation have kindled a historic surge in LNG projects around the globe with Qatar surfacing as the global leader in LNG liquefaction capacity. LNG production on the global level had increased from 2.1% to 2,819.4 Bcm (99.5 Tcf) in the year 2005. Of late, there has been a considerable increase in gas production thanks to the advent of cutthroat competition that exists in customary power and gas markets coupled the lower prices. The advancement of technology has introduced combined –cycle gas turbine (CCGT) technology, which has facilitated the enhancement of the economics of generating power from gas. CCGT technology has many advantages like with markedly higher operating efficiencies and lower capital costs, which have offered natural gas as a viable alternative over the coal which have higher emission features. (Tusiani & Shearer 2007:2). This has resulted in the increase of the demand for LNG around the globe, and natural gas exports rose to 680 Bcm (24 Tcf) which represented about 9% in 2004, which symbolised about one-fourth of total global consumption. However, as on date, about 74% of these exports are being made through pipeline deliveries. Out of aggregate of global natural gas consumption, LNG shares of about 6.6%. (Tusiani & Shearer 2007:2). The global fleet of LNG ships was estimated about 21,000 million dea
One of the greatest leaders of the 20 th century is General Schwarzkopf. His leadership style is an intriguing subject matter, because he was able to accomplish something that has never been done in the history of military warfare. Schwarzkopf spearheaded a coalition of military forces composed of military personnel, and military equipment that came from different parts of the world. He was tasked to command an alliance comprised of generals and military officers from different parts of the globe. It was a tremendous challenge to manage their egos, and to inspire them to give their best. He succeeded in persuading military leaders from different cultural backgrounds to work together. At the same time, he orchestrated a military campaign that resulted in few casualties. In addition, he was able to accomplish major goals in a few months. He defeated Saddam Hussein in less than 4 months (Schwarzkopf, 1993). If one will contrast his achievements to military generals that were faced with similar challenges in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, it is safe to say that General Schwarzkopf’s accomplishments are almost unequaled. Thus, I have decided to use his leadership style as a basis to improve my own. I was able to develop a sketch of Schwarzkopf’s leadership style by gleaning insights from his autobiographical book. I decided to use the book because of personal anecdotes, and other important information regarding Schwarzkopf. In addition, the book is also a critical source of relevant information. It was published a few years after Schwarzkopf’s successful management of Operation Dessert Storm. This historical event was a famous military operation that liberated Kuwait from invading Iraqi armed forces under the command of Saddam Hussein. Leadership Style His leadership style is a combination of Dominance-Style and Interactive-Style of leadership. There was a trace of the dominance style of leadership when Schwarzkopf compelled his subordinates, and fellow military officers to accomplish a specific goal. On the other hand, there was also a trace of the interactive style of leadership in his repertoire, because of his capability to work with others. His leadership style was characterized by humility. He was willing to work with others. He was willing to make them feel part of the winning team. Thus, he did not take all the credit for the overwhelming success of Operation Desert Storm. His leadership style was also characterized by adaptability.
Introduction Theory based evaluation refers to a list of policy arrangements, projects, organization as well as structure of administration in which practitioners and experts exchange ideas, lessons and methods applicable to the process of evaluation of a problem. For instance, the success of a government agency in trying to control the levels of use of a drug such as tobacco is directly dependent on factors such as the reactions of the community towards the policies, availability of resources for implementing the policies, likely reactions of the authorities of the specifics areas and possibility of obtaining findings from the government( Blanke,2004). This is achieved through determining the causes of abuse of tobacco in the society and the methods of control that are believed to be capable of resulting into its control. This is followed by determining the steps that need to be monitored as the program is implemented and methods that can be used to develop the program for the control of the drug. Success factors are then listed and if the available data and information shows that the factors cannot be achieved, it is concluded that the project is less likely to be successful in accomplishing its objectives. There are various approaches that can be used to control tobacco consumption or production. This article provides a theory based evaluation of the success in applying these approaches towards control of tobacco in a community or a country (Pechacek, 1999). Discussion There are many goals for control of tobacco consumption in any country in the world. However, the major goals are reduction of consumption of the drug by under-age youth, reduction of exposure of adults and youth to tobacco smoking and monitor and assess tobacco consumption to improve compliance. In order to ensure control, there are various approaches that can be used. This paper provides an evaluation of these approaches. Construction of regional offices By constructing these offices, it will be possible to monitor drugs distribution to the youth, monitoring compliance with tobacco distribution regulations, regulating the levels of tobacco promotions, provision of management services for prevention, cessation, and education of the public to reduce the levels of tobacco consumption, build capacity organizations that empower the youth with knowledge regarding the consequences of tobacco consumption (Teh-Wei, 2010) This approach towards control of tobacco consumption has certain demands that will have to be met. For instance, it will be necessary to allocate resources for construction of these offices, training of extension officers to educate the people with regards to tobacco consumption and paying them. It will also depend on the readiness of the people in the community towards accepting the recommendations of the regional wo
Current Strategy of the UK on Renewable Energy and Technologies The renewable energy strategy of the UK entails escalating the utilization of micro-generation and lessening energy wastage (The Stationery Office 2009). At present, strategy seeks to facilitate dissemination of renewable energy and heat technologies into the whole nation. This is an element to comply with the goals of the UK’s CO2 reduction. Proof of advancement in force and focus of policy schemes on renewable energy and heat technologies to this end exists. Such technologies consist of wind, photovoltaic, biomass boilers, anaerobic digestion, hydro, ground-source heat pumps, micro combined heat and power, air and solar thermal. The UK Renewable Energy Strategy publication contains strategies that will steer the achievement of provisional CO 2 reduction goals for 2020 (UKGov 2009). A key area of this plan is to decarburize generation of electricity (Lowe 2010). The estimated electricity production mix, in 2008, was 38 percent coal, 15 percent nuclear, 37 percent gas, 1.5 percent hydro, four percent oil, 1.5 percent wind, 3 percent pumped storage and, for other renewable technologies, 0 percent (Lowe 2010). In case the plan to decarburize electricity becomes implemented the scope of the production mix might be changed, in support of renewable technologies. Electricity can efficiently turn into a less carbon exhaustive power source and tools run by electricity might have lesser carbon footprint than formerly (Blyth and Yang 2006). This contains lasting impacts on heating technology selections for constructions. The energy bill of 2010/2011 (UKGov 2010) comprises the “Green Deal” which is a strategy to promote energy efficiency enhancements covered by funds from energy bills. The industry of energy reacts to transformations in policy as the industry’s expansion becomes connected to energy policy. Today, drawing investment in the energy system is a key necessity for direction of energy outlays and attaining CO 2 emissions goals. Hence, we can say that the comparatively modest charge of insulating an asset is apt to be recoverable from reserves in energy bills. However, the long-standing recovery of micro-generation apparatus outlay will be hard to estimate as the cost of power into the prospect, can not be predicted accurately. The funding pact of Green Deal, which may take 25 years, is apt to span diverse occupiers of numerous assets. Other targeted interventions and standard-setting became established in order to aid attaining strategic changes. Nevertheless, policy as a tool of change could, as well, create a further inherent need for transformation through dramatizing the significance of existing concerns and revealing new, attractive options. A key loom to this is the tactical employment of fear in promotion. The utilization of fear messages becomes deemed too forceful to be the designed intervention. Elevated levels of public anxiety become created, in each occasion, suppose the UK energy policy does not succeed in controlling qualms in the energy supply production. An addition
Introduction Historical changes in people’s interests and choices of entertainment often impact the ways in which certain spheres of art are viewed. The popularity of classical music and live orchestra performances is not an exception. Currently, the audience of orchestras is dwindling, and businesses engaged in classical music as well as musicians and people passionate about this art are trying to find new strategies to attract the public. That is the main aim of the article by Wierson and Draghiciu (2019), who share Aubrey Bergauer’s suggestions for orchestra innovation. Music has been a part of people’s lives for as long as they existed. The first appearance of an orchestra in the form close to the modern one appeared at the beginning of the 17th century when people started to participate in festivals, concerts and public gatherings with musical acts (Nicholls, Hall and Forgasz, 2018). The following centuries saw a rise in the importance of classical instrumental music, and orchestras grew in size from a small group of musicians to dozens of members (Nicholls, Hall and Forgasz, 2018). From the second part of the 19th until the beginning of the 20th century, classical music gained a level of recognition as an educated musical act. Now, many orchestras are struggling to maintain a flow of visitors, and many of them are in a difficult financial situation. Their success greatly depends on artistic planning – the strategy of engaging the audience and appealing to people’s interests. At present, most classical music businesses are found to be lacking in innovative ideas (Dearn and Pitts, 2017). As some of them choose to remain conservative in their approach to performances, they neglect modern artistic planning. Innovations Article Suggestions The first idea offered in the article is to “mix up” the setlist of performances. Classical pieces can be interchanged with modern compositions, and even some covers of popular music can be added. This suggestion can speak to younger audiences, whose listening preferences often depend on the emotional response (Chang, 2017). Thus, orchestras can construct their programmes around specific moods and experiences or follow popular trends. According to Sloboda and Wise (2016), it is challenging for many listeners to keep the attention high, especially when the music does not evoke strong emotions. Moreover, such a strategy broadens the repertoire and introduces new music to the orchestra and the public. Thus, this advice can help orchestras to engage the audience and raise the change of returning visitors. The next option, removing the anti-phone policy, is linked to the way people perceive and use technology. The traditional view of orchestral performances as demanding full attention and silence have developed at the beginning of the 19th century (Nicholls, Hall and Forgasz, 2018). Before that, musical acts were a background to a social event during which people could talk, drink, eat and enjoy each other’s company. Similarly, the generational divide in the view of smartphones is also related to its role in people’s lives. For younger generations, these devices are the primary s
Abstract The paper focused on the database design for a hospital management system. The challenges of the traditional method of record-keeping were reviewed to find a lasting solution. Consequently, the paper introduced different database designs and its application. Previous literature in database design was reviewed based on the research objective. The objectives, mission statement, user needs, and challenges were summarized in the paper. A report on database design, implementation, and limitation formed the conclusion of the paper. The project objective focused on nursing certifications and data collection. Thus, the database design covered various aspects of nursing certifications and their requirement. Consequently, monthly records and staff identity were generated after completion. In summary, the paper reviewed the need for database technology to improve staff performance. Information management is designed to assist the user with valid and reliable tools that influence the decision-making process (Ashcroft 2013). As a result, database installation provides an integrated terminal for operations, financial statements, research papers, strategic operations, certification details, work routines to mention a few (Balaraman & Kosalram, 2013). Thus, effective management of databases facilitates specialization, professionalism, efficiency, and productivity. The need to create a user identity, managing director certification, produce monthly reports, write management reports, generate monthly publications, or identity clients list depends on an effective database solution. Information managers can process, sort, match, link, aggregate, calculate, and manage data in server terminals to
Introduction The concept of male bonding as a cultural phenomenon is an inseparable part of Chinese society. In her article, Susan Mann addresses the nature of male bonding in the early history of China. Built based on Confucian norms, these types of bonds allow examining the nature of relationships between Chinese men and understand the social hierarchy in Chinese society better. According to Mann, three key types of a male bond can be defined based on the Confucian principles. These include family relationships, fraternities as secret societies, and relationships between close friends (Mann 1603). Exploring the specified concepts closer will help develop a profound knowledge of the Confucian principles of relationships between men as a part of the Chinese culture. Types of Bonds and Their Effects Family Bonds The concept of a family bond was typically represented by the connection between family members, in most cases, siblings. According to Mann, the specified phenomenon occurred due to the presence of a rigid family hierarchy in Chinese society (1603). While being rather innocent and even bearing significant importance in principle, the family bond was usually affected by the hierarchy mentioned above. With the elder son being the subject of the parents’ attention and pride, the younger ones suffered from the lack thereof. The bond between the brothers only reinforced the status quo. Moreover, the focus on male bonding prevented boys from developing a connection to their sisters, which led to an emotional separation between them (Mann 1603). Each of the outcomes caused boys and men irreparable psychological harm, making it difficult for them to communicate with women. Sworn Brotherhoods A rigid social hierarchy could also be observed in Chinese schools, where boys studied separately from girls. Due to the focus on the importance of school exams as the means of receiving an important job opportunity, and schools being represented mostly by the elite, ale students built their relationships respectively. As a result, students formed brotherhoods and created strong bonds. In these brotherhoods, patronage of younger students by older ones was seen as a natural scenario (Mann 1605). Consequently, the levels of rivalry between students for the patronage of their mentors and the honor of beaming a disciple were very high. Similarly, to the scenario invol
Introduction According to Menassa, one of the serious problems among American girls is eating disorders, and anorexia, in particular (15). In my family, this problem is a sad reality that we had to go through on our own. Main body My younger sister started experiencing anorexia at the age of eleven. The idea of the importance of being slim was so strong in her mind that she developed a condition when eating became detestable to her. After our visit to the hospital, we learned that she had anorexia. It took more than a year for my little sister to recover, and that period was a very hard period for the whole family. This sad experience made me very concerned about the problem of eating disorders among girls and women. For this reason, I want to dedicate my action plan to improve the situation with eating disorders among girls aged 11 to 14.   * Who: 15 girls aged 11 to 14   * What: Weekend sleepover/retreat   * Where: XXXXXX YMCA   * Why: To educate young girls about eating disorders, and provide them with information on how to cope with the problems connected with eating disorders or prevent this problem. The girls will gather for a two-day, one-night event. They will take a part in the program aimed to inform and educate about eating disorders, their sad effects, and the ways of coping with this distressing problem. They will be provided with resources and tools to help prevent or overcome eating disorders. They will be also taught how to recognize signs of this problem if one of their loved ones appeared to develop it, and how to help such people. To understand all the dismal characteristics of eating disorders, the girls will be shown educative videos. They will be also offered encouraging interviews with tho
Abstract I have been recently employed as Controller for Stanton Temperton Corporation. The company rents building spaces in major cities. In the company, clients are supposed to pay their rental fee six months in advance. At the end of this year’s financial calendar, the company’s head has noted a drop in revenues compared to the previous year. The decrease in returns worries the executive because it represents a reduction in profits (Thibodeau and Freier 162). Similarly, the condition may influence the stakeholders to sell their shares. The paper below indicates the ethical dilemmas I am currently facing following the order. Ethical dilemma Based on the above illustrations, it is apparent that I am facing many ethical dilemmas. I have to decide between obeying the president’s instructions and abiding by the required standards in my profession. If I fail to abide by the executive director, I may lose my job. Failure to follow his instructions will also result in a reduction in profits and key shareholders. On the other hand, if I follow his directions the company will record an increase in profits. Through this, the president will receive a boost in his stock and hefty retirement plans. The issue The issue above arose after I was instructed by the company’s president to enter a transaction improperly. After a thorough analysis, the president has noted that there were balances of unearned revenue amounting to $120, 000. The balance represents expenses in advance for long-term clients. He wants the balances to be recognized as revenues earned in the year 2015. Accounting ethics necessitates that I should enter these balances as liabilities. By accepting to be paid six months in advance, the company has signed a legal contract with its customers to deliver on the condi