ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Several psychophysical methods explain the connection between human perceptions and a physical stimulus and measure thresholds in a specific field, namely constant stimuli, limits, and adjustment. Each approach has definite goals, depending on participants, variables, and available resources. Brown et al. (2018) developed their research about the importance of clinical measurements of contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in newborn infants, applying the method of contrast stimuli (MCS). In the majority of studies, MCS is used along with other methods to compare the results, analyze their similarities and differences, and recognize which performance has better characteristics. In the chosen article, the authors employed MCS and the descending method of limits (dLIM) to investigate neonatal sensitivity and vision. The contrast sensitivity function is a vital ability of the eyes to differentiate the background and the foreground without clear outlines. In children with visual problems, it is hard to define the stimulus size, which creates a solid basis for the current study. The researchers aim at understanding if a 0.083 cycles per degree square-wave stimulus is an appropriate option to measure children’s contrast sensitivity (Brown et al., 2018). Thresholds were extracted from the participants’ data using logistic regression. A pilot experiment included MCS to identify stimulus values’ range and spacing (Brown et al., 2018). The Newborn Contrast Cards were developed to indicate a low spatial frequency square-way, and the Newborn Acuity Cards introduced square-wave grating with the highest spatial frequency. Three trial sets of these cards were chosen for 39 contrast sensitivity tests and 46 visual acuity tests among 60 children (Brown et al., 2018). The main experiment was based on dLIM to measure the same variables as it is commonly appropriate for clinical settings and characterized by higher completion rates compared to other psychophysical methods. Three cards (visual activity, contrast, and spatial frequency) were offered to participants. The results proved a better performance of MCS compared to dLIM in some cases and a similar performance level if the contingent presentation is considered. MCS proved that a child could see one easy card with the Michelson co
Introduction The American Community College is an educational structure which provides students with the idea of gaining education in various fields of studies or to pursue the education in the four-year institutions. A transformational character between these two structures promotes a challenge for the majority of students and makes it possible for them to gain the appropriate education. In this respect the paper is dedicated to illuminating the details about the above mentioned issue. Moreover, the point of articulation agreements while transferring is at a core of the discussion. The elements of the transfer between Community Colleges, and four-year institutions provide mutual relations inside the educational system of the United States making it competitive and effective. Before discussing the problem it is vital to work out the motives and purpose for transfers in education on the whole and in Community Colleges, in particular. The goal of transfers from the Community Colleges to the four year institutions covers in the idea of making more efforts so that to improve the level of knowledge and experience for students choosing it. According to Mattis et al (2005), suchlike transfer serves as the approach to “take specialized coursework for matriculation with bachelor’s degrees” (14). Cohen and Brawer (2004) point out that according to their observation the students’ level of attendance is straightforwardly reflected on their desire for pursuing education and their success in achieving higher degrees in education, as a result. Discussion Though, the educational function of transfers from the Community Colleges proves its destination in practice. Of course, it is a matter of voluntary choice, but still the importance and perspectives of a student’s further growth by means of an educational ladder are necessary for young people and the nation on the whole. Moreover, such procedures bring into action the dynamics and circulation between students’ talents and capacities, so that to improve the national needs in the qualified, effective, and productive personnel. Continuing the above idea it is necessary to outline the necessity of the articulation agreements. As Cohen and Brawer (2004) specify, the articulation agreements are those settings of different courses which identify the individual capacities of students and can be provided in a two-year study program. In fact, in such approach toward education there is a mere extent of national interest and governmental trends to provide the verification of such agreements. Townsend (2001) notes that there is a relation between transfer and articulation compared as the “who” and the “what” respectively. In other words, when talking about transfers one may realize the ratin
Although political satires do not withstand the test of time, and are quickly forgotten whenever there is change in political regime, the Candide story has defied the odd of time and continues to puzzle scholars and leaders. This is a story written down by Voltaire whose main motive of writing was to capture and ridicule the political inclinations of the time, illustrating the political and philosophical controversies of the eighteenth century. This story brings out clearly the misery and political upheavals of the time, and thus to the general literature lover, this is book that demonstrates that we live in a much better and well-organized world. The contemporary modern world is probably the best possible world, taking into account as represented in the book, misery, strife, chaos, and betrayal that are witnessed. The author, in writing the story of Candide, Voltaire was inspired by a number of actual historical events. For example the Seven Years’ War and the earthquake that hit the city of Lisbon in 1755. Candide is thus a story that has significant historical truth and importance (Ayer, 1986). As a young man, Candide lives in a castle where he falls in love with the Baron’s daughter, Lady Cunegonde. When Cunegonde finds that Pangloss is romantically involved with Paquette, she is inspired to also get romantically involved with Candide. In so doing, Candide is thrown out of the castle and is unfortunately taken hostage to be recruited into military service by the Bulgers. From there the story of Candide unfolds as he travels from one place to the other. He reunites with Pangloss, his tutor, who has now become a beggar and tells Candide how the castle was attacked, and everyone taken into slavery including his lover Cunegonde. In one of his travels he is arrested and as he is about to be executed, an earthquake emerges which avails him the chance to escape. Luckily, he comes across his lover. He, his lover and his tutor decide to escape Europe into the Americas. In the South America the turmoil is the same as in Europe. The Europeans in the area oppress the local people, displacing them and physically abusing them. The Europeans are hated as they degrade the local inhabitants, terming them as barbaric and uncivilized. They subjugate the local people, as these Europeans possess superior weapons. In one of his outing, Candide comes across women being chased by monkeys. Not knowing these women were lovers with the monkeys, he shoots the two monkeys. This is a sign of how Europeans degraded the people of the Americas. Having killed a Jesuit and worn his robes, Candide and Cacambo are captured by the native inhabitants of the said area. These local inhabitants are referred to as Oreillons. Although some Europeans had been harsh on the local people, these local people do not treat their captives harshly. In fact, they release them upon being convinced it was a case of mistaken identity. This is similar to El Dorado. Candide and Cacambo are welcomed in this place and treated nicely by the k
Introduction “Thinking Matters: Critical Thinking Is Crucial for Success” is the article for the analysis written by Stedman Graham for the Huffington Post in 2014. In this short piece of writing, the author succeeds at evaluating the skills American children and adults have but are not always able to develop properly. Its main idea is about the modern challenge based on the inability to comprehend the importance of educational excellence and the ways of how to use the learning material in a real life. Graham admits that this so-called educational challenge is not only a philosophical problem but a serious disaster the Americans face today (par. 8). Being the chairman and CEO of a management and marketing consulting organizations in the sphere of corporate and educational markets (“Stedman Graham” par. 1), Graham knows a lot about the necessity to find a practical application to the gained knowledge. People may have their Doctorate’s; still, they may know nothing about the core of the problem. At the same time, Graham proves that sometimes it is enough to have a bachelor’s degree in Social Work that he got at the Hardin-Simmons University (“Stedman Graham” par. 7) to create interesting projects and inspire people. The qualifications, credentials, and experience of the author seem to be enough to create such kind of articles. It seems that all author’s words are fair-minded and trustworthy because he relies on the things he observes around. Graham believes that the Americans have amazing abilities to improve this world; however, it is wrong to invest these abilities in the technological processes and rely on the information found online. People have to understand how to learn and think critically using their personal knowledge, skills, and words, and Graham’s article is one of the first steps that should be considered by ordinary people to realize how to start asking right questions and analyze the answers got. Summary There are no definite sections in the article. Graham enumerates several ideas and explains that critical thinking is a crucial ability that helps to develop appropriate questions and represent interesting solutions. Still, nowadays, many people fail to divide personal skills, wisdom, and tech
Introduction Aviation refers to all activities that are carried out in setting up and operating aircraft and mostly airplanes. The first airplane was invented in the year 1903 in North Carolina by Orville and Wilbur who were brothers and at that time operated a bicycle-manufacturing shop in Ohio. They set up their plane after they had studied the written work done by the preceding pioneers in aviation and after testing with gliders, wind tunnels, and kites. A few years later, other airplane manufacturers came up, especially in Europe and the United States of America. Today, airplanes have affected people’s lives in one or the other all over the world. Giant airplanes carry people and cargo from one place to another all over the world within hours. The helicopters and planes play a major role in saving people’s lives by supplying medicines promptly to even the deepest jungles and the island that are very far. More so, the airplanes are used by the farmers to take the number of livestock, seed fields and to spray their crops. In addition to this, aviation has played a major role in transforming the way countries operate in wars. Modern fighting skills are dependent on the efficiency of the striking capability of jet fighters and bombers and the quick supply ability of jet transports. Of importance also in military aviation is the availability of helicopters among other special aircraft (Brian, 2007: Para. 1). Germ
Introduction Any esteemed organization should aim at having managerial, technical, and logistical effective systems, and to make this happen and to have it realized sustainably, a good fostered public image is needed. It is always clear that the good public image of an organization is always related to the well-formulated and exemplified organization’s Vision, missions, objectives, and strategies. Hence it comes out clear that the enhancement of good public relations in the organization counts a lot in the development of the organization’s public image. The general importance of public relations can be placed into the category of societal and organizational. Among the many challenges that face any thriving organization is the association of the organization with the public or with the media. In any given well-established organization the public relations is well integrated into its management systems. It is so an important aspect that all the people in a given organization who come into close association with customers or the general public should practice good public relations principles when undertaking their duties. Some of the basic types of widely practiced public relations include consumer relationships, societal or community relations, media relations, publicity relations, industrial relations, and governmental relations. Each one of the above-stated outlets of public relations plays its distinctive role. In mentioning, an example of organizational public relations functions includes; keeping the general public and the stakeholders of the organization aware of every advancement or failure in the organization. On the other hand examples of the societal public relations functions include an organization’s social responsibility and organization’s publicity. The domain function of societal public relations is to sustain a well-natured consistent relationship wit
Introduction: The Communication Models We Choose One of the most essential problems on the agenda of the modern world, the lack of art of communication results in several problems, conflicts, and misconceptions that people are to face daily in various spheres of interaction. Because of the lack of communication skills, people might feel considerable difficulties in integrating into society; moreover, they might feel outcasts. With the help of the efficient use of communication skills, people will be able to interact with each other more efficiently and avoid several unpleasant misunderstandings. Considering the video by Waterloo4791, one must mark that in the given sequence, several models of communication are represented, among them the straight communication involving the sender and the receiver without the third party; and the Shannon and Weaver communication model involving noise (Sadri & Flammia, 2011), which in the given case was caused by the rude lady trying to intrude the talk of the receptionist and the client. In both cases, the linear model is used (Bargiela-Chiappini & Harris, 1997). Hence, the given video sequence offers several patterns of communication at once, which allows us to conduct a vast analysis. Facing the Challenges: The Video Sequence Analysis It is essential to mark that in the given video, the major communication challenge faced by the participants of the conversation is to consider the priorities of the conversation and to create a linear conversation without the intrusions of the side noises and the obstacles that prevent the sender deliver the message to the recipient. Taking a closer look at the situation in question, one can see that the recipient of the information has to choose between the two sources, since the recipient can obtain the data only from one source, according to the communication theory (Bargiela-Chiappini & Harris, 1997). Hence, the problem of misunderstanding and communicational discomfort arises, which requires certain considerations. The Lesson to Be Learnt: Communication and Organizational Behavior The given video offers certain opportunities to learn a lot about the necessity to follow the rules of organizational behavior. Obviously, in the given situation, it is not the matter of the recipient’s lack of skills, but of the sender, namely, the woman’s inability to follow the postulates of organizational behavior and politeness. Hence, the problem arises. One of the lessons to be learned from the given video sequence is the necessity to follow t
Introduction and Background Low back pain has a high prevalence across the globe. According to Weigel et al., majority of people with low back pain experience recurrent episodes of pain (577). Due to the high prevalence rates of back pain, there have been increased interventions that target to treat lower back pain. Some of the conventional interventions entail the use pharmacological, surgery, and orthopedic exercises. Despite the adoption of the conventional intervention procedures, the prevalence of the symptoms related to low back ache has been on the rise. The low back pain conditions if not managed and treated can proceed beyond the normal pain to complex chronic conditions (Dunn, Baylis and Ryan 125). The chronic conditions can cause changes in the central nervous system and also lead to structural changes in the back. Hence, untreated low back pain is associated with degenerative changes in the spinal region and dislocation of para-spinal muscles. These changes reduce the quality of life for the patients. The low back pain affects different categories of people. The literature on the people suffering from lumbago is scarce. This is especially in relation to activities carried out by housewives and their impact on exposing the housewives to the low back pain. According to Dunn, Baylis and Ryan, some patients who report low back pain have clear histories of their daily activities that may have exposed them to the c
Business Strategies Apple’s Vision Alignment with Goals Apple’s mission statement drives towards improving the safety and health of workers as well as customers by producing products that are friendly to the environment (Arthur, 2012). On the other hand, the vision has the clamor to provide the best experience to users by making quality personal computers. In essence, the mission and vision statements are consistent with the long-term goals bearing in mind that the company seeks to provide high-quality products. The protection of environment and provision of the best computing experience is a critical components of quality production. Understandably, in its attempt to provide safe products and best computing experience, the company will improve the quality of its products. Accordingly, quality is viewed as the capability to protect humanity against afflictions that may arise from using the company’s products. Samsung’s Vision Alignment with Goals Samsung’s mission statement has three distinct aspects, including contribution to national economy, prioritization of the human resources, and pursuit of rational management. The company’s vision points towards inspiring the world and creating the future of the world. The mission and vision statements reflect the long-term goals of the company because they support the company’s future agenda. As part of the future agenda, the company seeks to explore in new areas, such as medicine and health since it has been producing products that serve a limited scope. As a result, it is evident that the mission statement, which looks forward to contributing to the national economy, incorporates the essence of this exploration (Conti, 2006). Business-Level Strategy Apple’s SWOT Analysis Strengths                                                                                                                        Weaknesses                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * The products produced by Apple have high prices.                                                   * Apple has been capable of commanding loyalty from their regular customers owing to the quality of products.                    * Most of the software that the developers have developed are incompatible with Apple’s OS           * It has portrayed its innovational capability in the production of mobile devices and surpassed its competitors profoundly.     * The company’s market share has been decreasing continuously                                        * The company has a strong financial performance whereby it does not have any debts while the profit margin is at 44 percent.    * Making frequent changes in the management.                                                         * The company has gained brand reputation that is strengthened by uniqueness and quality                                         * Patent infringement has been a problem that might disparage the organization’s reputation
This essay will explore whether homeschooling is a better option for parents and their children compared with classroom establishment. The essay will concentrate on homeschooling as a whole including educational perceptions and family matters arising from the debate. This topic is highly fascinating especially the issues that arise from the debate like the teenage aspect of the debate. Homeschooling was at first considered a highly abstract idea but it is now gaining prominence. In one hand, parents are tempted by the desire of choosing a curriculum that fits the needs of their children and provides an opportunity for their children to progress faster and to explore new additional subjects. On the other hand, some parents oppose the idea since it will isolate their children from their contemporaries in elementary schools and also miss an opportunity to explore other extracurricular activities that are only practical in traditional school environment. This argument will explore both parts of the debate and advocate for the views of the opponents of homeschooling. Solution Those op
Introduction Emirates airlines acquired the services of Hollywood celebrity Jennifer Aniston in order to become the company’s latest brand endorser. It is an interesting partnership because UAE’s flag carrier is the most successful and well-respected airline company in the world (ACC Global, 2017). Aniston on the other hand is one of the most recognizable faces in the world. It is easy to understand the Emirate’s decision based on Aniston’s popularity and global appeal (The National Staff, 2016). However, she is not the only one blessed with those attributes. Without a doubt, there are more than a dozen female celebrities that are also as easily recognizable as Aniston (Kloppers, 2017). It is therefore interesting to figure out the reasons for hiring her from a marketing and brand management perspective. After studying her latest TV commercial and appreciating its purpose and intended message with regards to the Emirates airline’s brand and overarching marketing campaign, one can argue that the company’s hiring of Aniston was driven by the need for a brand resonance and brand association. Background UAE’s flag carrier took the top prize at the SkyTrax 2016 World Airline Awards (SkyTrax, 2016). It was not the first time for Emirates airlines to earn the said distinction. Aside from garnering acclaim from some of the toughest award-giving bodies on the planet, the airline company was also cited for having the best