ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the current days, a number of factors continue to serve as impediments and opportunities for entrepreneurs when setting up businesses. More particularly, the upheavals that the entrepreneurs face when they attempt to establish businesses in the hospitality industry are increasing exponentially. In this report, there is going to be exploring of various factors that may act as either opportunities or risks for entrepreneurs seeking to start businesses in the hospitality industry. There is going to be examining of both external and internal factors that may affect an entrepreneur who wishes to set up a business in the hospitality industry. In the conclusion, some recommendations are going to be given that may serve to help overcome challenges that may be faced when setting up a business in the hospitality industry and capitalising on opportunities. The business environment The business environment impacts in a significant way on the growth of the SMES that are just coming up (Delmar and Wiklund, 2008). A larger number of the business organisations in the hospitality sector are SMEs. The definition for the business environment is given as the entire variables or factors, internal as well as external to the firm, which may have a continued victorious existence of the firm (Smit et al, 2007). These factors, both internal and external, may either offer opportunities or challenges and risks to a business organisation (Shane & Cable, 2002; World Bank, 2006). An argument was presented in which it is pointed out that in order for an SME that is just coming up to expand, it is imperative for it to not just make the inside environment to be stronger but to as well make the outside environment to be strong as well (Beck & Demirguc-Kunt, 2006). Internal environment These refers to those factors in an organisation’s environment that are, to a large extent, under the control of the organisation (Phillips & Wade, 2008). One of these factors is access to finance. The firms in the hospitality industry, just like in any other industry, require financial resources so that they can be able to start trading and to finance business growth. As Cassar (2004) points out, lack of availability or access to finance can serve as a big constraint to business growth. New SMEs can receive finances from the owner’s wealth, or from the external sources which may include friends and family members and this are informal sources. Finances can also be obtained from the lending institutions such as banks or from private
Offshore oil drilling refers to a process of drilling a wellbore through a seabed to explore and produce natural oil and gas that lie in the rock formations beneath the earth’s crust. The process of extracting oil and natural gas beneath the seabed requires different types of facilities to explore oil beneath the seabed (Russell 2009). Oil deposits can be found within the Earth’s crust by drilling through buried oil deposits. Reaching the buried oil deposits beneath the Earth’s crust is a very dangerous task. However, if the process is done correctly, it can result into huge economic gains. In spite of the gains, offshore oil drilling is associated with many challenges from the extracted hydrocarbons and the materials and equipments used during the off shore drilling process. There are conflicting issues associated with offshore oil drilling in North Carolina (2010 Offshore Oil Drilling Legislation 2012). For example, environmentalists have raised issues concerning the dangers that are associated with oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico that presented numerous complications to the offshore drilling operations in North Carolina’s coast. Before conducting offshore oil drilling, the site must first be identified as a prerequisite; the oil deposits are identified by surveyors through a process that maps the magnetic properties to discover the presence of oil deposits beneath the ocean floor. In order to conduct offshore oil drilling, environmental impact assessment must be carried out in order to identify the potential detrimental impacts and to provide solutions to mitigate the possible detrimental impacts and to enhance the beneficial effects associated with offshore oil drilling. The process of offshore oil drilling is done by connecting the drill site to a platform with a marine raiser. The actual processing of the crude oil to a refined finished product is done onshore. There are many factors that are associated with offshore oil drilling that causes detrimental effects to the environment. For instance, offshore oil drilling is associated with various environmental impacts ranging from the actual point of locating the oil deposits to the processing stage of drilling and pumping out the oil to the surface of the Earth. Other negative impacts are linked to the infrastructure and equipments used during the actua
The world is currently facing an environmental crisis right from local to the international level and this continues to attract headlines across the globe. People continue to destroy the environment without taking into consideration the dangers of their actions. However, while some people are doing all they can to protect the environment, some are participating in activities that cause harm to the environment. To start with, there are two categories of human behavior on the environment namely: positive and negative impacts. Positive effects on the environment include fortification of the ozone layer, reforestation, and protection of the endangered animal species for posterity. On the other hand, negative effects tend to destroy the environment, for instance, poaching, cutting down trees, and climate change. This essay will explore the role of human beings in preserving the environment through their personal behaviors. It will also discuss the effects of preserving the environment and the role of social norms in determining personal human behavior. Furthermore, it will explore some possible solutions that can correct human behavior to lower environmental hazards. Human Behavior on the Environment Human beings rely on the environment to do their day-to-day activities. In fact, all living creatures on planet Earth live and work in an environment, and they stay there until the die leaving behind a footprint. As discussed above, human behavior has a big influence on the environment. According to Vlek (2000), human behavior tops the list of things that destroys the environment. Unlike other animal species, human beings always want to live comfortably. Thus, they do activities that end up destroying the environment. For instance, while human beings continue to cut down trees for economic purposes, this has resulted into climate change and attracted drought. Satellite images continue to
The concept of research ethics refers to set of regulations, principles, and organizational outline that will guide in constituting and regulating any scientific exercise (Thomas 90). Research ethic principles are vital elements of any successful scientific research because they help in uphelding ethical values and preserve sound mind, which is especially important for scientists as they should respect the subjects who participate in the study (Oliver 5). Adhering to ethics of research is fundamental because of the following reasons. First, ethics is paramount especially in promoting the objectives of the research, such as an acquaintance, accuracy, and evasion of possible errors in research (Bryman and Bell. 128). Second, research ethics promotes the following principles, such as mutual respect, liability, and accuracy that are required especially in promoting collaboration during the study (Bryman and Bell. 128). Finally, ethics in research plays a vital role in building public support for research. It is without doubt that people are more likely to support or fund a research scheme, especially when they can trust the importance of and integrity in research. It is without a shred of a doubt that some of the ethical norms in most of the adopted codes and rules for research ethics in many organizations can be found in the law. Given the described feature, both law and research ethics will overlap. For example, if research subjects are exposed to harm or suffering during a research activity. The law protects every human being from harm and suffering as well as it is unethical to expose the research subjects to harm and sufferings. Researches that will touch on administrative agencies are mainly bound by confidentiality especially when they gain any information concerning subjects’ private lives. When researchers do not adhere to confidentiality principle, they can be subjected to legal policies as same as it is unethical to break the aforementioned principles. The first post emphases on building trust and validity of the findings got from the student work. The aforementioned elements are endured until negation on such issues as plagiarism, authorship, and any conflicts of interests regarding the integrity of the findings and honest of the report are put into considerations. The response to the described post is that many professional associates, governmental agencies, and learning institutions have adopted the principles and codes that relate to research ethics given the importance of ethical norms in conducting a research activity. Ethical principle, such as respect for knowledge, will negate the aforementioned legal issues. The second post puts across the importance of subject protection from harm as well as exploitation. The post argues that the public need to have adequate information as to whether human rights were protected as well as confidentiality was endured to. Given the outlined principles of research ethics, confidentiality elements should always be observed too. Confidentiality element will protect personal communi
Gifted education has helped educators to improve learning in their schools, especially among the gifted students. Students in regular classes have also benefited from gifted education. The success of gifted education is attributed to the use of modern teaching methods that have been developed in the last few years. Some of the teaching methods used in gifted education programs include project work, providing meaningful choices for students, self-directed learning, literature-based reading, and problem-based curriculum. A well-prepared environment is essential for excellent performance among gifted students. It is against this backdrop that Montessori education emphasizes the importance of preparing the learning environment. In this regard, a well-prepared learning environment should enable students to acquire knowledge by exploring and engaging in different learning experiences. This paper reviews the existing literature on gifted education. Sternberg (1995, p. 18) examined the use of the triarchic approach to identify gifted children. This approach is essentially an assessment process that involves conducting nine multiple-choice subtests. These subtests include analytic-verbal, analytic-quantitative, analytic-figural, practical-verbal, practical-quantitative, practical-figural, creative-verbal, creative-quantitative and creative-figural. In analytic-verbal test, students are required to identify a novel word in a text and to deduce its meaning from the given context. Analytic-quantitative test involves predicting the next figure that should be included in a series of numbers. A figural matrix is used to conduct the analytical-figural subtest. In this case, the teacher eliminates the lower right entry of the matrix so that students can identify the entry that fits it from a variety of choices. In practical-verbal subtests, students are expected to find solutions to typical problems that adolescents encounter in their everyday lives. For example, the teacher can ask the students to give suggestions on how to help a person with substance abuse problem. The practical-quantitative subtest involves finding solutions to math problems, which explain everyday life scenarios such as buying tickets for a ballgame. In practical-figural subtest, a map of a specific area such as an entertainment park enables teachers to test the students’ navigation skills. Teachers use analogies in conjunction with counterfactual premises to conduct the creative-verbal subtest (Sternberg, 1995, p. 18). In this case, the students are required to solve the analogies in the context of the presented counterfactual premises. In creative-quantitative subtest, the students are expected to use specific novel number operations to find solutions to different math problems. Finally, the creative-figural test involves completing a novel series. A figural series with one or more transformations is first presented to the students. Thus, the pupils apply the rules of this series to a different figure in order to cr
Introduction Currently, there are numerous demands from the desire to live in the present and focus on the future. This has resulted from the countless uncertainties that people are faced with. As a result, many students may fail to understand the importance of studying early American history at this point in time when they are supposed to be taught about current issues and how to cope with future contingencies (Holt 76). This has made many opt to go for science subjects whose purposes they believe are easy to discern. It has to be noted that history is very important; in fact indispensable. Nevertheless, it results are hardly tangible and may not be seen immediately like those of other subjects such as engineering. Learners ought to know that history is very essential not only to individuals but also to the entire society. Understanding the society By studying American history, students are able to understand people and the society well. It is by looking at the history of a specific society that one can be able to unravel the mystery of why the society behaves in a specific manner. There are numerous scientific laws that have been put forward in an attempt to explain human behavior. These laws have only been made to stand their grounds by being based on past experience hence underlining the importance of history (Holt 89). Most of the present students have been born at the time when America has already seen civi
Introduction Petroleum products are used in different sectors as energy and raw materials for various industries. According to Leffler and Raymond (2006), oil is one of the most important commodities in the world market. It has a massive impact on other sectors of the economy. In the 19 th and 20 th centuries, the United States was the leading producer of oil in the world. It has since been surpassed by Saudi Arabia and Russia in production of oil. However, the government has been committing a lot of investment in this sector. The federal government has been keen to develop the infrastructure in the energy sector in order to boost production of energy. Although other units in the energy sector ,such as hydro, geothermal and wind energy power, have been given focus, attention has always been on the petroleum sector. The United States has been willing to ensure that it has increased the volume of petroleum products that it produced. This has seen it improve the infrastructure in this sector to great extents. Recent studies show that the United States has the capacity of becoming the leading oil producer in the world based on the oil reserves that have been identified in the recent past. The focus of this study will be to bring an understanding of how oil exploration, production, storage, transport, and refinement take place. Exploration Oil exploration is one of the most complex and very expensive processes in petroleum production. Parkash (2003) defines petroleum exploration as, “The search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbons deposits beneath the Earth’s surface, such as oil and natural gas.” This process invo
Marijuana is medicinal extracts from a plant known as Cannabis sativa. Cannabis sativa contains psychoactive cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabinol amongst others. The presence of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa gives it medicinal and scientific importance. The use of marijuana for therapeutic purposes is very controversial as many countries consider it an illegal drug while others consider it a medicinal and legal substance. Current scientific studies have proved that marijuana can effectively cure Alzheimer’s disease, lung cancer, breast cancer and brain cancer. Moreover, cannabinoids improve appetite, enhance blood circulation, control sleep, and is a potent analgesic. Therefore, pharmacological use of marijuana to meet safety and efficacy standards will give optimum therapeutic benefits and minimal side effects. Since cannabinoids cause psychoactive effects, it is not quite accurate to determine the effectiveness of cannabinoids psychologically. Effective psychotherapy analysis of cannabinoids effects requires thorough understanding of their mechanism of action. Research studies have found out that tetrahydrocannabinol accumulates in the brain fatty tissues and binds to its receptors thus producing its effects. These receptors are found in large numbers in the cerebral cortex, which is the seat of human consciousness and in areas involved in the control of skilled movement ” (Coon & Mitterer, 2008, p. 211). The Angel’s story that marijuana helped in movement and sped up healing process, hence medically effective, is not true since tetrahydrocannabinol stimulated brain receptors. The stimulated receptors interfered with consciousness and controlled the movement. Marijuana is medically effective in relieving chronic pains associated with cancer and traumatic injuries. To determi
Introduction Statistics is a branch of science that deals with giving meaning to data in a summarized and understandable manner. At first glance, data collected may not make sense, hence statistics assists in organizing the data into a more meaningful form for purposes of better comprehension by relevant users of the data collected. The two major branches of statistics include descriptive and inferential statistics. This paper seeks to analyze the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics. At this stage, it is important to define a population and a sample as they are the core building blocks of statistics. A population refers to the total number of elements or objects that the researcher uses for the basis of study in a particular research. A sample refers to a small subset of elements or objects usually selected from a target population by the researcher. A sample is preferred over a population in the event of constraints of time and cost (Kothari, 2004). Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics refers to using data to describe a specific population. It helps organize large amounts of data in a sensible way hence forming the basis for quantitative analysis of data. The data is first collected from the population or sample before being summarized using descriptive statistics. However, the data described is only specific to the sample or population under study. and cannot be generalized to include other elements from other samples or populations. The major advantage of descriptive statistics is that it is reliable when one does not need to extend to a larger group of elements, which initially are not included as elements of a sample or population. Descriptive statistics may pose a risk of distortion or erosion of important details. An example is the use of GPA by a university where it is not clear which subjects a student is good at, or which ones a student performed poorly. Instead, a mean grade is assigned which may not provide enough explanation of performance to a third party. It simply calculates an average which may not be sufficient. Descriptive statistics may take the form of measures of central tendency (which include the mean, median and mode), frequency distributions and graphs, like bar charts or pie charts. All these form the basis of data representation in descriptive statistics (Haslam & McGarty, 2003). Inferential statistics Inferential statistics, unlike descriptive statistics, is more generalized. It refers to making deductions, predictions or inferences about a population with reference to a particular study conducted on samples. This implies that results, specific to a particular sample, can be used to generalize a larger population from which a sample is drawn. For purposes of accuracy in executing generalizations, it is important for the researcher to appreciate the fact that the sample must be adequate and representative of the general population. Failure to do so implies that the deductions and inferences made will not be a true ref
Introduction For most of us, time is an organizing principle that comes into play in our daily lives. Time can be measured by standard intervals such as seconds, minutes, and hours (Reichenbach 24). In the past, present, and the future, events are noted or remembered based on the time of their occurrence. For centuries, scholars have been studying the aspects of time with the aim of incorporating its notion into respective measuring systems. In history, questions related to time have been thorny issues for most scientists and scholars. Ancient Greek studies reveal that Greek primeval philosophers focused a lot of their time analyzing the concepts of eternity, religion and time. At one time, Angelus Silesius, a Greek philosopher, believed that time could be suspended with the help of mental powers. This paper focuses on the perspectives of time in the following books Cat’s Eye by Margaret Atwood, Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, The Time and the Conways by JB Priestley, and The Dragon by Ray Bradbury. At approximately 3500 B.C., it is alleged that the Sumerians had developed calendars. Historians believe that the Sumerians were the first human beings to develop calendars. Sumerian calendars consisted of twelve months. Each of these months comprised of thirty days. By 2600 B.C., the Egyptians had developed solar-based calendars (Wells & Patrick 12). Egyptians calendar comprised of 365 days. According to this calendar, a year commenced with the appearance of the Sirius star in the sky. The appearance of this star coincided with the flooding of River Nile. It should be noted that during the ancient time each society developed their own calendar based on their own understanding of the universe. As such, the number of days making up a week varied from one society to another and from one region to the other. The current 7-day week was adopted during the A.D. 200. Perspective of time from the book Cat’s Eye by Margaret Atwood In her book Cat’s Eye, Atwood describes time as a dimension rather than a line (Atwood 1). From relativity theory, human beings can travel forth and back in time with the help of time machines. Using this concept, in his book, Atman personifies a character by the name Elaine. Elaine returns to her native city after 50 years. When she returns, the author notes, “In the city, she was impressed by the changes that had taken place since she was away” (Atwood 23). By taking the readers back in time through the character’s events and thoughts, Atwood was invoking the features of time that can be exploited by human beings through time travelling machines. Based on this, it is apparent that the author be