ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
International sporting events are planned large-scale sports occurrences with considerable socio-economic, environmental and cultural impact on the host region. International sporting events may include Commonwealth Games, Pan American Games, Olympic Games and other special-world sports such as Soccer’s World Cup. Governments’ pursuits to host mega sports events are becoming evident and hot because such events are major economic, developmental, socio-cultural and political boosters. From various studies, there are beliefs that sports generate national and local socio-economic developments and brand host’s cities, promoting tourism (Mcloy, 2002). Unquestionably, the impacts of international sports events are immense and manifold. Satisfactory evidence is available showing such events produce positive outcomes. This paper elaborates on the direct advantages of such mega sports events, which include economic, socio-cultural, developmental and political boosters. Socio-economic Impact Economic benefits to the hosting country are direct and indirect. Direct benefits are those from ticket sales, television show rights and deals from sponsors. However, the economic benefits from the above listed processes are reckoned as partial benefits as they usually cover the costs for the event organization. The major economic impact on the hosting country is realized through the creation of awareness for the city. This attracts more tourists and provides the basis for many entrepreneurs and investors in the region. The resultant is growth of commercial activities in the region (Burton & O’ Reilly, 2009). Therefore, the more investors are attracted, the higher the job opportunities in the region, and thus great economic growth in that region. The role of the international sports on the region is profoundly associated with reduced poverty levels and social exclusion. Undoubtedly, mega sporting events do generate job opportunities in abundance. The opportunities can be those associated with the event directly or those related in other sectors such as tourism and construction industries. For example, Atlanta city hosted the 1996 Olympic Games. Following the announcement in 1990, it is approximated that $2 billion were made through projects related to Olympic between the periods 1990 to 1996 when the event was held. Consequently, 580, 000 new employment opportun
Quantitative research may be developed in a variety of ways, and researchers can choose either to create experimental or non-experimental studies. Experimental research is based on the results of a scientific approach where the manipulation of control variables and the measurement of subjects are possible. Non-experimental studies usually lack the manipulation of independent variables, and researchers have to measure variables independently. In addition, quantitative studies may be developed according to a correlational or experimental design (Newman, 2016). The key difference between these studies lies in the variable for analysis: correlational studies have a variable as a cause that could be measured, and experiments have a variable as a cause that has to be manipulated (under researcher’s control). In the selected quantitative research study, the authors investigate stressful situations among undergraduate students. Ganesan, Talwar, Fauzan, and Oon (2018) hypothesize that there is a relationship between stress and coping strategies that can be offered to university students. Stress may be caused by discrimination or other negative social behaviors and result in depression, anxiety, or other mental health problems. The major independent variables were demographic factors of students (ethnicity and gender), and dependent variables were stress levels and coping strategies. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional non-probability sample was used to collect data from undergraduate students (Ganesan et al., 2018). Self-administrative questionnaires were offered to 86 students, along with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Adolescent Coping Scale (Ganesan et al., 2018). Using the correlational data analysis, the results show that a moderate level of stress among students is frequently observed, and there is an inverse relationship between stress and coping strategies among the chosen participants (Ganesan et al., 2018). Regarding the methods and results achieved, this study is defined as correlational because it focuses on investigating the relationships between variables without direct interference of the researcher.
The advantages and disadvantages of the four different forms of business organization, which include the following: Sole proprietorship Advantages The business is very easy to form considering that no legal requirements are required, except a business license. This type of business also requires little capital for starters. The business is also easy to control. In addition, the owner of business enjoys all business profits as well as loses. This type of business also offers the owner with flexibility of attending to other issues and does not require government control (Madura, 2007). Disadvantages Sole-proprietorship is sometimes faced with the challenges of limited resources, since it consumes the owner’s savings. Sometimes this kind of business is limited with managerial expertise (Madura, 2007).. Partnership Advantages Partnership kind of business is easy to form, as it requires few partners who can agree orally to start up the business. This kind of business enjoys a large pool of capital and resources from each partner’s contributions (Madura, 2007). The business is also advantaged by diverse expertise and skills from each partner. The business offers each partner with an advantage of sharing risks. Each business partner is rewarded from effort exhibited in the running of the business. Disadvantages Partnership kind of business is limited with capital, since there is a limit to business membership. This business has also unlimited liabilities subjected to the partners and this limits their participation in the business. There is also high probability of business collapsing, if one partner dies or is incapacitated (Madura, 2007). Joint venture Advantages A joint venture form of business enjoys a vast pool of resources, diverse managerial expertise and technological benefits from each participating company. This form of business also enjoys a large source of capital and also enjoys good distributorship of products from existing distribution channels (Madura, 2007). Disadvantages A joint venture is short-term and is difficult to establish, considering a good relationship must be established between the business partners. Incompatibility between two business cultures is likely to affect business relationship. Joint ventures are always marred with confusion and disagreement among managers. This form of business has a lot of formalities. Corporations Advantages Corporations enjoy tax benefits, since they get taxed based on profits made. This is considered as a benefit, since corporations can optimize on expenses reduction. In this context, expenses such as insurance covers and heath care are minimized. Corporations benefit individuals, employees and other official business stakeholders, since they are regist
It is widely believed that giving homework to students is one of the ethical behaviors of a professional teacher. Homework is seen as a way of enhancing independent learning as well as the utilization of learning resources outside the school. As such, many schools have developed homework policy documents with guidelines on giving students as much homework as possible to facilitate learning. This is seen as one of the most efficient ways of improving academic standards. However, teachers misuse homework by overloading students. As such, negative effects ranging from burn out to maldevelopment of social skills are experienced. It has also been discovered that too much homework leads to a negative attitude towards learning. Therefore, instead of promoting learning, homework leads to poor academic performance. Education experts argue that homework is one of the most vital learning activities for students at all levels of learning. Teachers are encouraged to give homework to students to encourage student-student cooperation as well as student-parent cooperation. This means that students get to utilize the learning resources available outside the confines of their schools (Hallam 8, 9). This is especially useful for students whose schools have limited learning resources. Furthermore, homework is essential in encouraging independent learning as well as reinforcing skills learned in class. While these are immediate benefits of homework, teachers argue that there are more significant benefits of homework to the students in the long term. As students develop the confidence of working alone, they gradually develop a sense of self-belief, vital for the achievement of bigger lifetime goals (Jha 45). This implies that homework is not only vital towards the achievement of immediate learning goals but also prepares students for lifelong independent learning. Due to these assured benefits, teachers are compelled to give as much homework as possible. Homework is perceived as one of the ethical behaviors of proactive teaching. However, too much homework, especially for lower school children, is a cause for concern to many parents. Parents lament that children are given too much homework to the extent that it overwhelms and wears them out. Children have to spend a lot of time at home, sometimes late into the night, doing homework. According to some of the parents interviewed by “ The Independent ,” it is not uncommon to see a child collapse and sleep on the homework desk at home. Furthermore, it is also not uncommon to see parents helping their students finish homework. In such a case, parents can be blamed for assisting their children to commit academic fraud. However, parents assist their children in completing homework assignments when their children are overwhelmed and unable to complete it (Stanford n.pagn). Under such circumstances, the usefulness of homework is genuinely questioned. In addition to parents’ concern, researchers have warned that “too much homework is counterproductive” (Goodman, Chapman and Collins-Oman 30). Research done by
Art has been part of mankind for thousands of years. Scholars have come up with different theories of art; one among them is the expression theory. The theory was developed during the Romantic Movement, which reacted against C18th classicism and placing the artist at the focal point of his or her work. Accordingly, art work is believed to portray the exceptional, individual stance and sentiments of the artist; consequently for art to be considered good, it must clearly show the sentiments and feelings the individual intends to express (Freeland, 2001). However, Freeland openly disagrees with this theory of art, but favors a cognitive theory. Since the writer holds the expression theory of art, the paper will respond to Freeland’s criticism. It is important to mention that Freeland was in favor of cognitive theory which holds that art is closely related to language since it is an avenue through which artists try to air or share complex ideas and thoughts. According to the scholar, adopting the expression theory is not adequate in explaining art work. Freeland, (2001) asserts that the theory is thus limiting since it only allows artists to express their feelings and emotions. Although she is right that art work does not only express feelings and emotions but also ideas, I tend to strongly believe that the concept of the ideas to be presented is a by-product of the artists’ emotions or feeling, for instance, paintings from Mali showing people under a pool of blood. It is my view that the work was done by the artist to express his feelings and emotions based on the killings in the country hence presenting the idea that war is actually a bad thing. There are also, some instances where art work does not necessarily express ideas. For instance, music has been found not to express ideas but feelings and emotions of the artist (Freeland, 2001). Additionally borrowing from the suggestions of Ayn Rand, it is worth noting that the primary objective of art work is not to communicate but to objectify certain values such as culture among others. Ideally, the importance of art work can only be measured by the impact it has to the society. This is a view that is also held by Freeland. According to the expression theory of art, the best way to impact on a given population or group of people is by capturing their attention. There is no better way in my opinion other than using the emotions and feelings of the artists. When artists creatively express their feelings and emotions, the audiences are likely to be affected or impacted by the same sentiments (Freeland, 2001). It also seems that cognitive theory of art fronted by Freeland tends to pr
A nurse, in all medical disciplines, practices with concern and respect for the dignity, worth, and distinctiveness of each individual, regardless of the socioeconomic status, personal characteristics, or the nature of the health condition (NursingWorld 1). The health education profession, on the other hand, is committed to the excellence in the practice of sustaining overall health (National Commission for Health Education Credentialing [NCHEC], Inc., par. 1). The author asserts further that it is the duty of health educators to seek the optimal standards of conduct and to motive the ethical behaviour of health providers including the nurses. This paper will seek to compare and contrast the ethical responsibility of the nurse with those of the health educator. It is important to consider the difference in the job description of these professions. Health educator’s responsibility is majorly focused on public education with the aim of supporting, sustaining and improving the overall health (NCHEC, par. 2); whereas, the nurse is primarily focused on the health, safety, and rights of the patient. Responsibility to the public NCHEC, (par. 2) argues that when a conflict of interest emerges among persons, teams, organizations, agencies or institutions, the health educators must take into account all the concerns and accord priority to those that support wellbeing and live standards through values of autonomy and freedom of decision for the individual. Similarly, in this regard the nurse is obliged to sustain, safeguard, and support the moral and legal rights of the patient to autonomy (Hook 4). However, in case the patient is not in position to make decisions, a surrogate decision-maker has to be consulted on his or her behalf. Generally, sustaining autonomy also translates to appreciation that certain cultures disregard individualism and place more weight on the family or community ethics in matters pertaining decision-making. Delivery of health education The health educators support integrity in the provision of health education. In achieving this goal they ensure that they respect the privileges, dignity, worth and privacy of every persons by implementing strategies and procedures to satisfy the needs of various communities and populations (NCHEC, par. 5). In this concern, nurses are indirectly involved and apply to specific circumstances. Based on the nursing code of ethics, nurses are advocate and leaders in upholding humane and dignified care delivery. For instance, nurses are experienced, knowledgeable, and decisive about the palliative care and should be actively take part in relevant study, education, performance, and policy development (Hook 8). Research and evaluation Another aspect of health educators’ ethics concerns research and evaluation. Health educators promote the health being of the communities as well as the profession thro
Introduction The prosecution had taken Modern Continental Company Inc. to court to answer various charges. They were accused of doing a substandard job which led to the collapse of a highway tunnel. (Zezima, 2006). As a response to the charges filed the company Modern Continental pleaded guilty to the charges and was willing to pay for the damages caused due to their negligence. The company denied the allegation that the ceiling collapsed because of poor workmanship. Ethics The contractor motivated by greed and corruption extended the completion deadline while at the same time using sub-standard material in the construction of the highway. They also used other dubious mechanisms to complete a low-quality underground through way (Belluck, 2012). The companies failed to abide by the rules and regulations of doing business. As a result of their greed, they ignored their client’s right to quality because they had paid for it. They also violated all the terms of the contract including the completion deadline. This was unethical and immoral both in law and traditions. These companies deserved the action that was taken against them (Goodnough, 2007). Accountability Public officials that contracted the project were to be held accountable not only in the court of law but also to the people of the United States because a big fraction of the project was funded by tax payer’s money. Civil society and Non-Governmental Organizations should also hold them responsible because they were stakeholders in the project (Belluck, 2006). Looking critically at the case, one can easily say that there seems to have existed cooperation among organizations that enforced accountability. The reason for such a conclusion is because there was a warning that the ceiling could not support the tunnel but no meaningful precautionary action was taken to prevent the construction. Private officials should also be held responsible to account for their role in the whole process. Th
Background of the Vegetarianism and Unproved Reasons Why it is Bad for Health It is possible to notice that Vegetarianism, as a trend, is widespread today and has thousands of supporters. However, despite its popularity, there is no common opinion in society regarding it, which leads to the rise of various contradictory statements about the phenomenon. False health claims that “Vegetarianism is bad for health” are supported with numerous declarations, which do not have scientific evidence of their credibility. It is possible to find many Internet resources that mistakenly display Vegetarianism as a lifestyle, which influences adversely. One of the unproven claims is that the brain is being deteriorated through vegetarian diets. Reinagel (2019) claims that “creatine is important for brain functioning and vegetarians have lower creatine levels,” which implies the existence of direct dependency between degradation of cognitive abilities and the absence of meat protein intake (Is a vegetarian diet bad for your brain? section, para 1.). The other unsupported, with references on studies argument, is that “Vegetarians had a 20% higher rate of stroke than meat-eaters’ ‘ (Doheny, 2019, Downsides to Eating Vegetarian/Vegan? Section, para. 1). The third unsupported statement, which is common throughout web resources, is that plants do not contain saturated fat in sufficient quantities. According to the article “How vegetarianism is bad for you and the environment” (n.d.), “Plant-based sources tend to be low in saturated fat, a component of the brain and a macronutrient vital for human health.” (Eating meat is unhealthy section, para. 2). This source also claims that plants contain much insoluble fiber that cannot be digested and can lead to abdominal discomforts, malabsorption, and toxic accumulation (“How vegetarianism is bad for you and the environment,” n.d.). The fourth argument is related to the necessary micro-elements, the absence of which can trigger various diseases. Some resources claim, without evidence, that vitamin D3 can only be taken with meat, while a vegetarian diet is deprived of it and can cause brittle bones (Schreiber, 2016, Low Vitamin D section, para 1). Simultaneously, Vegetarianism provokes the lack of calcium, micro-element zinc, which is responsible for immune function, and iron, which is vital for blood cells producing (Schreiber, 2016, Not Enough Zinc section, para 1). Finally, it is possible to find resources that provide readers with subjective, unproved claims based on personal experience. Several negative consequences of being vegetarian, such as leading to the impossibility for women to become pregnant because of hormone levels deterioration, are claimed in the article by Campbell (2019). (The return of bacon section). In addition, the author provides another negative influence she experienced, which is reduced bone density (Campbell, 2019, More long-lasting adverse effects section
Introduction Another name for target market is target audience. A target market is a particular group of consumers that a business targets. Businesses normally want to draw consumers closer and sell to them their goods and services. Factors that influence characteristics of a target market include economic class, age, location, gender, sexual orientation or ethnicity. Socio-economic classes enable business organizations to come up with a specific type of client who is likely to buy goods or services from the company. This means that businesses do not build goods and services randomly, without having specific target customers in mind. Target marketing enables businesses to locate their customers within a given population (Saunders 153). Identifying a market is an essential step for any form of business for its operation in the long term. A business needs to identify its potential clients before taking steps of building the business in other areas. A business ought to define the most important traits of potential clients and identify the major ways in which the new business organization can fulfill the needs of the customer. This way it can easily spot a customer’s base (Maxwell 75). Background Information The study will take place between 15 February 2013 and 28 February 2013 with a view to establish a target market for “Willow” Creeks store. Willow Creeks store is a business that deals in home décor and furnishing at Yong and Egling areas both located in Toronto. Managers at Willow Creeks store postulate that the target market for Willow are women aged from 25 to 35 who are newly married, who need to furnish their home. This study aims to confirm, or nullify this hypothesis. Overall Purpose of the Research The main purpose of this research will be to determine the target market for Willow stores. That is, to find out who will buy the products that the company intends to sell in the stores as well as determine whether there is a large customer base for the proposed business. Research Objectives The main objective of this research will be to determine the target group of potential buyers. Postulated information indicates that most potential customers are women who range from 25 to 35 years, and this research aims at confirming or nullifying this postulation. The research will also aim at grouping the target customers according to their characteristics such as gender, income level, values, lifestyles, attitudes, hobbies, inter