ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Business environment refers to conditions that are not controllable but are encountered in the process of undertaking a business activity. Such conditions are determined by factors that range from politics, territorial economies and regulations. Foreign investment in a country, on the other hand, refers to the capital that is brought into a country from another country with the aim of acquiring control of business enterprises in the recipient country. Economic growth is the increase in a country’s productivity level which is indicated in the country’s increased gross domestic product. Economic growth is the primary increase in produced goods and services in a country. This paper seeks to discuss the relationship between the business environment in Colombia and the foreign investments and economic growth. The paper will look at the improved business environment in relation to the economic changes that have resulted from such changes. History of Colombia’s economy The history of Colombia’s economy is characterized by features that had negative impacts on the economy. Events such as political instability and illegal businesses were some of the factors that hindered economic growth in Colombia. Political instability in the country can be traced to the middle of the twentieth century after the assassination of the country’s president in the year 1948. This sparked a lot of violence in the country thereby disrupting activities including economic activities. The country was then majorly under military government following a coup in the year 1953 until a movement called “the national front” assumed power in the year 1958 (Infoplease 1). It was after the end of the movement’s rule in the year 1974 that Colombia started recovering from its economic recession that was a result of political stability. Illegal businesses that involved drugs and crude weapons however picked its roots after the 1970s to again pose new threats to the country’s economic growth. Rebel groups also established centers in many parts of the country lead enhancing violence thereby undermining economic growth. Such instabilities specifically discouraged foreign investments in the country (Infoplease 1). Improved business environment Some of the significant reforms that were undertaken by the country were done in the year 1996. Reforms such as “Colombia’s market-opening measures, its implementation of the Uruguay round commitments and its six year effort at sound macroeconomic management” (world Trade 1) were some of the features that contributed to the shift that was realized in the country’s economic growth (world Trade 1). These moves actually linked the country’s economy to the international market thereby divers
Introduction There is a rule known as The Golden rule, which states that “Do to people what you would like them to do unto you.” For individuals are different in both their likes and dislikes and also their desires, then this proclamation would appear not to be complete.” This is deeply precise with the DISK platinum rule that takes the differences into account, stating that one should do to others what they would like done to them (Alessandra, 1996). Different experiments were done with the desire to get to understand different personal behaviors and how these behaviors may affect others; a researcher invited 8 observers who were business associates and school associates to help in creating a composite report by effecting a 360 degrees assessment which showed the observer’s standpoint on the actual behavior of the researcher (DISC, 2003). The experiment meant to examine the researcher’s reaction towards other people helped in exploiting personal strength, assist in maintaining a positive approach on oneself and others, and also adapting individual behaviors so as to create acceptable outcomes in certain situations. Assessment Findings Following the comparison in the self-assessment experiment with the precise composite evaluation by the observers, it was observed that there are extra similarities in the previous behavioral evaluation and personality and that of the observers than that of the results of the self-assessment. Five School associates examined that the researcher as having great dominance-Interactive technique, whereas three business associates observed a greater Interactive-Dominance technique. Dominance behavior style revealed by the researcher could have possibly resulted in being perceived by the school associates as overbearing, pressuring, and uncompromising. These observations are understandable because the “dominance” style is meant to look for expedience and not scared of turning the rules and are even more willing to take authority, acknowledging challenges and thrust headfirst in solving problems (Disc, 2003). The “Interactive” style actions revealed by the researcher could result in being seen by the business observers as impatient, excitable, and manipulative. However, this is explicable as the “Interactive” style is possessed strengths in “charm, enthusiasm, warmth, and persuasiveness.” Persons who are strong in the “Interactive” style are “gifted in great influencers, skills, optimists with a lot of charisma, and are dreamers and idea-people who do extremely well at getting others thrilled about their idea in order to build agreements to achieve their goals” (Alessandra, 1996). Different from external views and findings, the independently administered behavioral evaluation performed by the researcher gave quite conflicting and perplexing outcomes. The self-assessment outcome showed the researcher as having mainly an “Interactive” style and proposes the “Steadiness” style as a derived set of behaviors revealed on a regular basis. The next individual report shows that the researcher’s
Introduction It is imperative to mention that Norse expansion is a fascinating topic that has been actively discussed by scholars. There have been many disagreements between primary causes and reasoning behind some of the attacks, and it is possible to state that a consensus still has not been achieved. However, it is possible to identify particular patterns and relationships between various factors that have led to such processes. It is hard to argue with the fact that Vikings are viewed as strong and vicious warriors, and it would be beneficial to review the literature on this topic to get a better understanding of some of the aspects of this expansion. Discussion The problem that Vikings had to deal with is that their lands were not viewed as suitable for agriculture, and it has led to resource shortages (Kendrick 43). The lifestyle has also played a vital role, and they were outstanding shipbuilders. The role of trade between the countries has increased at that time, and Vikings realized that it is an opportunity for enrichment (Barrett 677). They understood that their ships were much more advanced, and such a technological advantage could be utilized in raiding. A political situation was also not stable, and many families thought that they should move because living conditions at that time were not acceptable. Another possible explanation for such actions is that Vikings wanted to avenge their people that have suffered as a result of invasions of European. For instance, Charlemagne wanted to ensure that Scandinavians convert to Christianity and punished individuals that did not want to obey. Such attacks had led to numerous conflicts in the region, and it could have caused many disagreements. However, the problem with this concept is that Britain was the first country that they attacked, and it is a significant contradiction. However, it is entirely possible that there was a misunderstanding, and they had to engage in a fight because of the circumstances. Traditions of Vikings could also play a crucial role. Young people had to look for lands according to some of the beliefs. Also, it is widely known that they were used to selective procreation, and it had led to numerous problems. They tried to look for wives in other regions because they recognized that a shortage was present. However, the desire for enrichment may be viewed as the most reasonable theory because it was the core reason behind most expansions throughout history. One of the most significant aspects that should not be overlooked is that Vikings took advantage of the fact that people did not expect their attacks most of the time because they were hard to predict. It is imperative to understand that their boats were incredibly efficient, and they could be used to sail to regions that were viewed as not easily accessible. Furthermore, villages that were under attack did not have enough time to react appropriately, and it was nearly impossible to organize a defense. Moreover, their ships could be utilized as an efficient way to escape if they were not able to control the situation and had to deal with enormous resistance. Another factor
This paper entails a review of ethnic diversity with a special interest in the Anglo-European Americans. It shows the influence that this group has made in the American society. The origin and existence of this group, in the US, is well explained in the paper. In addition, the paper reviews the challenges, which the group faced, and advancement that it contributed to the US during the 21st century in assimilation, economic, political, religion, arts, language, values, recreation, and education, especially in relation to the cultural conflicts, as well as events that bring substantial impacts in the learning of a student. According to a census that was done in the United States, about 67.8% of the people in the US are whites, but the figures entail a diverse group of the citizens in terms of the social values, religion wealth, political perspective, level of education, and ideologies to ethnicity just as characterized by the society (Cox, 1994, p. 36). The diversity in America’s ethnicity evolved through the relations they had with other larger society and ethnic groups. The first group of Europeans to settle in the northern part of the US was the Welsh and English (Bennett, 2007, p.119). This group later evolved to form the Anglo European Americans. Many scholars argue that, this group of people has significantly influenced the culture of the US politically, economically, and socially. According to them, the unique form of democracy that the Americans enjoy today was acquired from the British people, another group of Europeans. This aspect is traced back in the end of the 20th century from the English and French enlightenment and political thinkers. An example is the political system called the federal system and democracy, which allowed women to take part in the politics of the country (Kitayama, & Cohen, 2010, p. 144). Statistically, records show that, 82% of immigrants in the US came from Europe in the 20th century. Most of these immigrants, from Europe, only settled in the areas they could best apply their knowledge and skills. They formed ethnic groups of which most were named after the Europeans schools, towns, churches, as well as newspapers. All the three million European immigrants, to the United States, assimilated fast. They got jobs easily and especially those that were skilled in the manufacturing and textile industry. These were replaced by other groups of immigrants and inventions of new machines; nevertheless, their replacement meant a promotion in the rank they held in the industries (Cox, 1994, p.100). Most European immigrants experienced serious discrimination with the exception of immigrants from Britain, in terms of verbal abuse, violence attacks, intentional discrimination, and stereotyping. The resistance to the Irish immigrants was evident from the cartoons, literature, and theatre. These Irish Europeans were stereotyped as lazy, immoral, mentally inferior, and violent (Kitayama, & Cohen, 2010, p. 206). Some of the most influential journals dehumanized these groups of people like the “Harpers’ Weekly”. Most of the Italians were stereotyped, as being dangerous criminals, whe
Education is one of the notable areas that have been deeply affected by the digital age. Friedman and Garcia have studied how mobile devices could be used as the primary sources of historical narratives. The article states that teaching history today requires arousing students’ sympathy by exposing students to historical accounts. In addition, the authors point out that teaching history requires students to be allowed to interact with the primary sources of the historical narratives. According to Friedman and Garcia (115), teaching history should foster a positive learning outcome and meet the study needs of students (Friedman and Garcia 115). The article confirms what we have done during our class discussions today, using two ways. First, it highlights the importance of technology in teaching history so as to foster students’ historical empathy. For instance, it points out that the Apple iPad application can be used to create historical empathy for New York 9/11 terrorist attacks (Friedman and Garcia 122). In addition, the article demonstrates two different ways of fostering interaction amongst students, using the primary sources of historical narratives. For instance, different digital applications can be used to encourage students’ interactions using primary narratives. The article also confirms what we have observed in classrooms today. First, it emphasizes the use of technology platforms in the history of teaching (Friedman and Garcia 121). This is true because many students and teachers use mobile applications and computers to access primary historical narratives. Furthermore, through mobile technologies, students in classrooms are able to create stories that accompany thei
Problem/Issue Identification The initiative proposed by Sally Parker’s consulting firm in collaboration with the Cuyahoga River Valley Organization (CRVO) is too complex for conducting immediately. Therefore, additional preparation concerning specific aspects of the matter is needed. By now, the participants managed to successfully formulate their policies, engaged individuals and enterprises in restoring the Cuyahoga Valley, and started developing measures applicable to the identified economic, social, and environmental issues (Cummings & Worley, 2015). Meanwhile, initiating a change happened to be more complicated than designing the measures, potentially helping perform it. Therefore, it can be assumed that the developed stages lack precision and, consequently, support from residents and entities, which, in turn, could attract more people from other states. From this perspective, the major overriding issue is the inability of initiators of the project to implement it without addressing the mentioned problems. The sub-issues include the perceived ambiguity of goals reflected by participants and the absence of distinguishing characteristics of the region justifying the initiative’s feasibility. They are complemented by the lack of mechanisms coordinating the actions of involved citizens and companies. Analysis/Evaluation The design features of the CVRO characterizing it entails action and thought leadership, collaboration of managers and employees at all levels, and the divisional structure. In other words, it incorporates a variety of individuals and organizations working to achieve the same objective while following the set direction (Cummings & Worley, 2015). In this case, the stakeholders include CRVO as the region’s representative interested in its inclusion in the authorities’ decisions and the Triad consisting of actors from Summit and Cuyahoga Counties striving for the Valley’s development. In addition
As depicted in the above systems flowchart and from the case, FreezeTime’s purchase and payment procedure comprises of several stages. The first stage is order needs assessment. This stage is triggered when the employees within FreezeTime, Inc make Carly and Nancy aware of the need for certain suppliers and materials. This stage is very significant for Carly or Nancy because it highlights any supplies and materials needed in the business. Once the need to make an order for supplies and materials has been ascertained, the next stage is purchase order generation. The office manager or the company accountant feeds in the order details into the accounting system eventually generating a purchase order which is then faxed to the suppliers. The next stage in the systems flowchart for FreezeTimes’s purchase and payment process is the receipt of the faxed purchase order by the supplier. At this stage, the supplier begins the processing of the purchase order placed. As depicted in the case, the company accountant occasionally makes calls to the supplier just to ensure that the purchase orders have been received on the other end of the supply chain. This is very critical for FreezeTime, Inc especially in the event that the orders that have been placed are special in nature. This stage usually culminates into the shipment and final receipt of the supplies at FreezeTime’s factory. This stage is regarded as the order fulfillment stage because the new inventory is received at the company. The order fulfillment stage basically involves the verification of the new inventory. This is a very critical stage because it ascertains whether the goods that have been shipped conform to the purchase order that had earlier been sent to the suppliers. The rationale is that the supplier is expected to have delivered only the goods that had been specified in the purchase order in terms of their right quantities and qualities and at the agreed prices. If this objective has not been achieved, then FreezeTime, Inc can return the inventory back to the suppliers. Once the inventories have well been received, they are documented. This is another value adding stage within FreezeTimes’s purchase and payment process given that the records have to be well kept. It is important that FreezeTime, Inc keep an updated record of the goods that have received in terms of the right quantities, prices, quality and other important parameters. The case mentions clearly that this documentation is done by either Carly or Nancy themselves
Almost every year, we hear news about inevitable school shootings by children with a previously unknown violent history. Sometimes we hear of people committing violence against their own families, sometimes even to the extent of murder. The question then arises, what makes these people commit such acts. Is it that the person had an aggressive and violent personality? Did he become this way because of bad influences from his surroundings? Was there anything in his upbringing that led him to commit such crimes? All these questions are related to human nature and behavior. The human body’s eventual form in an adult can be considered a result of intrinsic factors, those built-in him like parental genes and extrinsic factors, those which are due to events in his upbringing, like how many scars he got while playing rugby or his nutritional intake. Just like the human body, scientists think that human behavior and personality also develop in the same way, i.e., it is a combined result of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. There are two schools of thought on this. One believes that it is the personalities that are received like genetic traits, transferred from parents to the offspring, along with parental teachings. Another school of thought believes that personality development is an ongoing process that has more to do with persons own perception of the environment rather than the environment that he is actually in. (Cervone. 2001) About parental influence on the character development, “Rogers suggests that people develop a positive self-concept if they experience ‘unconditional positive regard’… In contrast, less positive personality development occurs if people experience ‘conditions of worth.’” (Cervone. 2001) If this concept has t be accepted, then we would expect good personalities to develop if the upbringing by the parents is good and the parents give their children the freedom to express their creativity and are guided parents towards a good personality. Then why is it that sometimes people from respected backgrounds commit extraordinary crimes? How is it that the personality which was molded by sound upbringing just gone wrong? This would lead to suggest that there are other forces at play. Scientists suggest that the surrounding environment has a role to play in behavior modification. In 1971, scientists at the Stanford University conducted an experiment called the prison experiment, in which college students were chosen with sound backgrounds and no criminal or violent histories. They were randomly assigned either to become a prison guard or
Abstract Abortion is the process of fetus or embryo removal that results in pregnancy termination. New Jersey Bill A495 requires physicians to offer pregnant women who request abortion to undergo obstetrical ultrasound or sonogram within 48 hours after the referral. The State and Assembly versions of the Bill and the New Jersey legislation are very similar, although the former contains more provisions. The primary benefit and the intent of the New Jersey Bill A495 are in providing women with ultrasound images that can impact their decision regarding pregnancy termination. Introduction There are two leading positions regarding abortions that prevail in the United States and affect the legislations – pro-life and pro-choice. New Jersey Bill A495 makes it mandatory for medical professionals to offer patients who choose to have an abortion undergo an ultrasound or sonogram. This paper aims to review the New Jersey Bill A495, the differences in the legislation process between New Jersey and other states, provide a personal position on the issue of abortion, and discuss the impact that this Bill will have on the stakeholders and nurses. New Jersey Legislative Process Unarguably, medical termination of pregnancy is a complex ethical problem that is connected to the right of patients to choose and the viability of the fetus. According to Pozgar (2019), “an abortion is the termination of pregnancy by removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before it is viable” (p. 63). The focus of the New Jersey Bill A495 is on obstetrical ultrasound or sonogram that patients can request in the timeframe of 48 hours after the abortion referral. The intent of this legislation is to provide patients with a chance to view images of the embryo or fetus that can affect their decision. Therefore, the aim is to help women make informed decisions. Since the New Jersey Bill A495 outlines new practices of managing patients referred for abortions, this section of the paper will focus on the legislative process and prior regulations connected to abortions. Currently, the regulations in New Jersey allow women to be referred for abortion procedures, with specific legal acts outlining the gestational age and other implications for the pregnancy termination. The first laws connected to abortion were drafted by the council in the late 1900s. Since 2017, New Jersey, together with other states, permitted qualified non-doctors to write a prescription for drugs that can be used to perform medical abortions (Beckman, 2017). In this regard, it is necessary to define the concept of non-doctors to understand the scope of the regulation. Under New Jersey laws, non-doctors are nurses, behavior, and physical therapists, as well as related health professionals such as medical laboratory scientists, phlebotomists, dietitians, and social workers. Other laws existed in New Jersey that enabled women to leave babies at certain assigned areas without giving their contact data and without confronting lawful ramifications. The critical decision o