ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Training needs assessment According to Barbazette need an assessment analysis is necessary for success of any training program that employees of a company are put through (2006 p. 56). As a human resource consulting firm, LTC carries considers the need of assessment a crucial part of the services that clients are offered in an organization. To ensure success of the training and development that is offered by LTC, the firm adeptly the need to perform a training assessment. LTC uses the training needs an assessment analysis to identify the areas where there is a gap in the knowledge, skills and attitudes of the employees of an organization. LTC helps analyze what is currently in place and what the organization expects in alignment with its long-term plan and objectives. Through this analysis, LTC is able to formulate a training program for an organization to bring the employees up to speed with their organization’s expectations and objectives. LTC uses three levels of analysis to conduct its needs assessment analysis. Analysis is done on organizational level, individual level and task level. Organizational effectiveness is scrutinized under organizational analysis to determine the effect of if the environment, effect of technology on organizational performance, effect of globalization, achievement of organizational goals, the effect of the macro- economic conditions, political trends and the attitudes of the employees and top management towards training initiatives. LTC also looks at task analysis for in-depth information on the jobs that are carried out in the organization. Task analysis also focuses on the skills, attitudes and the level of performance of the organization. To get the information for task analysis, LTC looks at the various job descriptions of the company, the KSA analysis, standards of performance, operation problem analysis, literature review about the various jobs available in the organization, observation of the jobs and in some cases actual performance of the work by LTC professionals. According to Rosset, individual analysis on the other hand involves analysis of the individual performances of the employees of an organization (1987 p. 19). LTC examines whether or not an individual is performing his/her job optimally and determines which employees needs more training and on which areas. The analysis by LTC is dome through administration of questionnaires and checklists, observation, evaluation of performance, interviews and attitude surveys of the employees. Through the above analyses, LTC is able to pinpoint with accuracy where a gap exists in an organization to come up with a remedial training program. Learning theories employed Training carried out by LTC is comprehensive. Both pedagogical and andragogical approaches are used in the training. However, according to Soni it is important that these two methods are suited for two different groups with a considerable age difference; children and adults (2004 p.47). Adults especially educate and working adults that LTC trains mostly have been through the formal schooling system and have a little more experience
Normal blood pressure is critical for people’s well-being because alterations in it are likely to cause a wide range of issues that affect health conditions. Generally, it is perceived as the force made by blood on the walls of blood vessels and belongs to the vital signs that indicate the state of the life-sustaining functions. Depending on the intensity of the pressure, professionals recognize hypotension, normal blood pressure, and hypertension. In order to find out one’s condition, a person should have his/her blood pressure measured. The results will be defined in two numbers that reveal systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The first one shows how much pressure is exerting when the heartbeats, while the second one focuses on the time when the heart rests. A lot of people today suffer from high blood pressure nowadays. Weber et al. (2014) indicate that “about one-third of adults in most communities in the developed and developing the world have hypertension” (p. 1). It is the most common chronic health condition that affects the global population. This issue is widely recognized that is why not only primary care professionals but also other practitioners deal with it. This paper will synthesize relevant to the topic information obtained from the current literature to develop and justify various approaches and define the best treatment option. Professionals indicate that it is critical to pay enormous attention to the patient’s blood pressure levels because they are tightly connected with other health-related issues. For example, because of hypertension, individuals can face cardiovascular problems, strokes, and kidney disease. Those who have a blood pressure of around 115/75 mm Hg are the least likely to deal with the mentioned complications. Increased rates of hypertension are currently observed because of two causes. The first one is the increased age of the individuals, which makes them more vulnerable. As a rule, it happens with those people who are more than 50-60 years old. It is significant to consult a doctor regularly because this problem can face regardless of other factors. Moreover, diastolic pressure starts to decrease very often, which makes people think that they are fine however systolic pressure may increase during the rest of their life. The second reason is obesity that is among the most critical issues in the USA and other countries. Salt intake can also be a trigger of increases in high pressure that is why it is significant for the patients to pay attention to their diet. To diagnose hypertension, professionals refer to clinical guidelines such as Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community (Weber at al., 2014). According to it, they need to conduct a repeated examination, during which a person’s blood pressure is to be ≥140/90 mm Hg for adults between 18-8
Hadith [1] is one of the main concepts in contemporary Islam; this term is used to describe a saying, action, or an argument that can be attributed to the prophet Muhammad (Campo 280). Each of them can be of great relevance to contemporary leading Muslim scholars. These sayings are critical for the understanding of Quran. Moreover, they are important for the interpretation and evaluation of different legal issues that people may need to resolve. They are also of great interest to Western historians who want to understand the life of the Muslim community. This paper is aimed at discussing the science of Hadith. Overall, this discipline is aimed at determining the authenticity of a certain statement which is ascribed to Muhammad. This science has its methodology that is supposed to examine historical evidence regarding the Prophet Muhammad. On the whole, one can say that this science can help people better understand various aspects of Islam as well as people who practice this religion. First of all, it should be noted that Muhammad did not want other people to record his statements, even though he spent much time in order to ensure that his ideas could be understood by listeners or followers (Kamali ). He did not want other people to misinterpret his words or summarize them. So, Hadith are not recorded in Quran; more likely, they are regarded as its supplement. Unlike Quran, these texts do not have the same level of authority. In many cases, they were not properly documented. Thus, scholars attempted to develop a set of methods for assessing various Hadiths. This is the main problems that people should bear in mind when speaking about Hadith. La
Job analysis techniques The process of job analysis is essential to the employees and managers in any organization in that it enables them to evaluate the performance of their employees and as such managerial roles such as employee appraisals can be easily accomplished. Before a vacant position is announced by the management of an organization, there is a need by the management to outline the roles that the employee will play and the required qualifications. The roles are listed in order of their significance, which directly reflects on the consequences of underperformance by the employees. A good job description will give the accounts of the roles that will be frequently carried out by the employee and those that are less frequent. The job selected and methods of information collection used The paper will examine the roles played by an Executive secretary in an organization. To obtain the relevant information concerning the roles of an executive secretary, a job analysis interview was conducted on a current secretary in some organizations. The other information concerning the role was obtained from written materials containing the general roles of the Executive secretary in any organization. The roles that are performed by the Executive secretary are contained in the attached Task inventory. Purpose of the analysis The information that is contained in the Task inventory can be used in several ways to solve the possible emerging problems in an employment setup. Firstly, the information is essential during the selection and recruitment of an employee to assume the position. This is particularly because the relevant qualifications required for the job and the roles to be played in the order of their importance are stated. This enables the recruiting officers to come up with the candidate who best meets the qualification. Secondly, the information can also be used as a basis for employee appraisal. It is also a means of identifying the current employees of an organization who have some kind of disabilities or weaknesses. In general, the analysis helps the management in determining the fate of the organization’s workforce in the future (Dessler & Phillips 2007, p337). Use of task inventory by an I/O psychologist The need to have an Industrial/Organizational psychologist emerges because not all employees will be happy with the kind of job they are doing and neither will their ability to do the job be the same (Aamodt 2009, p1). An I/O psychologist will apply the science of human psychology in a workplace to help preserve the human dignity of the employee to enhance the evaluation of the performance of the employee (Aamodt 2009, p2). The I/O psychologist will employ two techniques in trying to resolve the possible conflicts that may arise in employment. These are industrial and organizational techniques. The industrial technique involves determining the relevant qualifications that are required for a job and going ahead to select the candidates that best fit the job. Additional on-the-job training is also essential (Aamodt 2009, p3). Thus, the information from the task inventory will assist the psychologist, as it will enable the selection of t
Works of Susan Meiselas One of the artists active today whose work revolves around labor issues is Susan Meiselas. She has received an education in Sarah Lawrence College and Harvard University (“Info”, n.d.). The artist works in different parts of America, specifically, her work related to the labor issue was shot in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The city’s “rich manufacturing heritage” was the focal point in the decision of the theme for the photographs (Fidler, 2015, para. 10). The photographs were taken as a part of the project for the company that Meiselas works for, Magnum Photos (Byrnes, 2014). They were further used in exhibitions and for the creation of postcards, produced by the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that the photographer had received a payment of some sort for the pictures. In addition, the biography of Susan Meiselas states that she works as a freelance photographer on the various project (“Info”, n.d.). Additionally, she publishes monographs on various social and human rights issues. Meiselas does not receive funding from the government to conduct her work. The link to the picture taken by Meiselas. The specific picture is related to the labor as it showcases the wealth and power, created by workers for the business owners (Fidler, 2015). However, the workers in question do not receive much from what they put their effort into. She described the experience as seeing an apparent contradiction between the high buildings (that symbolize wealth) and the conditions of workers who create it (Fidler, 2015). Thus, the vital issue that the artist draws attention to is the treatment that regular employees get in factories and manufacturing facilities. Meiselas focused her work on the modern industry and the way it treats people. “Market Failure” in Relation to the Works of the Artist The “market failure” theory in relation to public art funding is focused on the aspect of supporting artists financially and thus helping them create their artworks. The theory argues that the amount of art produced would be significantly lower in case the public would provide monetary support to museums, art galleries, or to the artists directly. It is unarguable that the best artists create value for the society through their artistic works. However, as Miller (2001) stated, there are theories that emphasize that those artists should be poor. Although this aspect of the artist’s life is arguable, the impact the society would have on the creations would be significant. It is difficult to imagine a possibility in which every single artist can get public funding. Therefore, an infrastructure for choosing those who are worthy would have to be put in place. The aspect would interfere significantly with the creative freedom, shifting the focus of an artist to the topics that can be financially beneficial instead of working on socially essential projects. Miller (2001) refers to creative infrastructure as a system through which the artist portray their stories. The author emphasizes th
Introduction The ability to write and keep records was arguably one of the greatest achievements of ancient human civilization. Even so, proper writing material was unavailable and as such, writing was greatly restricted. The invention of papyrus paper by the Egyptians changed the scene since papyrus-paper proved to be the ideal writing material of the time. Before the use of papyrus, painting and writing was mostly done on stone, clay, back leaves and potsherd. These materials had a number of disadvantages most notably of which were lack of flexibility and bulkiness which made them less portable. The invention of papyrus led to the increase in written works since this material was more suitable that the previously used products. This paper will set out to discuss the invention of papyrus and how it affected the arts within the time period it was invented. The paper will also trace out how the advancement of papyrus evolved over time and the effects of the evolution on later time periods. Invention of Papyrus Paper Papyrus is referred to as the “most ancient kind of paper” and it was first used by the Egyptians (Shepherd, 2008, p.1). Traditionally, papyrus was used for a multitude of purposes which included; decorations, fuel, making boats and even as building materials. All this changed when the Egyptians invented papyrus paper. What made papyrus an appealing material was that it was light, strong, and of a durable nature. In addition to this, the material was easy to carry therefore making it ideal for sending messages over a distance. The availability of papyrus as a suitable writing material greatly contributed to the advancement of writing. The reign of the papyrus lasted fro
Background ERP stands for enterprise resource planning systems. They first appeared at the end of the 1990s. ERP systems have become popular among businesses all around the world because of the quickly changing environments. ERP systems are normally applied to the packages of information systems that are designed to optimize the process of sharing organizational data resources. The use of ERP systems facilitates the flow of data within the organizations. This way, the issue of information fragmentation is avoided. ERP software has obtained the revenue of over two and a half hundred billion dollars around the world in 2011, which is 7.5 per cent higher than the revenue acquired in 2010. Method In the article called “Evaluating the impact of ERP systems in higher education,” Ahed Abugabah Louis Sanzogni and Osama Alfarraj employ the survey method to collect the data from ERP users in higher educational institutions. The research was conducted in six large universities in Australia. The respondents were provided with a questionnaire. They were asked to evaluate the ERP systems and the way they fulfil their needs and requirements, rate system and information quality, usefulness and the ease of use. The number of respondents participating in this research was 387. The participants were the representatives of various professional fields of the universities such as human resources, administration, and finance; some of the respondents were the university students. Scope of the Research Ever since the middle 1990s the researches of the information systems (IS) have been focused on the evaluation of the functionality of IS in various organizations and different professional fields. To optimize the evaluation and investigation process and the number of models and tests have been developed. The complexity of the evaluation process and scheme was based on the fact that many different aspects needed to be taken into consideration for the successful testing. Among such aspects there are user characteristics, system success and use. The most commonly used evaluation models (for example, Task-Technology Fit and Technology Acceptance Models) have flawed – all of them tend to focus only one a certain quality of the systems. Findings The research showed that system quality, task technology fit and information quality are the factors that influence the quality of the user performing the most. As a result, these factors are the aspects that need to be addressed to maximize the efficiency of ERP systems implemented in the universities. This way, the designers and developers of ERP systems are to take into consideration the needs f their users primarily. Collecting more precise data considering the characteristics of the target users of certain ERP systems will lead to the creation of the most suitable software. Besides, the designers are to make the software easier to use for the individual with little computer skills. Conclusi
The Public Health Implications of the Jacobson v. Massachusetts Case In 1905, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a judgment on the famous Jacobson v. Massachusetts Case that became a subject of contradictory discussions ever since. The central ground for the trial initiation was the denial of the Swedish immigrant, Henning Jacobson, to be vaccinated at the time of the smallpox outbreak. The man claimed that the vaccine produced some adverse effects on his son’s health. That is why he did not support the state in its attempt to eradicate the health concern. The consequences of the court trial did not satisfy Jacobson’s demands though since the Supreme Court reacted in a negative way to the citizen’s appeal. Specifically, the position of the official jurisdiction took a stance of the public policy, for it was claimed that the citizens of the country have to subordinate to its laws, especially when disobedience can inflict some harmful effects on the public health (Mariner, Annas, and Glantz 585). The case gave a start to the development of particular health concerns and implications. Mainly, a variety of contemporary socio-medical policies reveals that Jacobson’s impact is evident both in the sphere of social life and public health. For instance, the logic of the dispute is efficiently utilized in the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, due to which there should be a distinction between civil rights protection and treatment of public health under the circumstances of medical emergencies (Curtis par. 9). M
Introduction One of the principal concerns of present-day healthcare administrators is the need to manage risks related to various aspects of medical facilities’ activity. It is primarily addressed through different initiatives intended to measure principal indicators and develop programs to eliminate the revealed issues (Clark & Sine, 2019). However, their efforts seem insufficient to cover all areas of influence and distinguish actions applicable to each case. Therefore, this paper aims to present the current situation of risk assessment in healthcare, describe the role of evidence-based design, and consider inefficiencies in patient safety and workforce retention with the ways to eliminate them. Risk Assessment in Healthcare Organizations The field’s overall status can be examined through the application of particular assessment tools developed by medical specialists involved in the initiatives concerning risks inherent in healthcare. For this purpose, they classify them into such categories as patient safety, ethics, human resources, workforce retention, quality outcomes, risk financing, and many other areas (Clark & Sine, 2019). Subsequently, these aspects are evaluated with the help of reports prepared by risk managers whose decisions, in turn, are made based on their observations (Clark & Sine, 2019). In this way, the outcome of such initiatives allows for further planning of interventions required in the context of a single medical facility. The Role of Evidence-Based Design The assessment procedure described above is an invaluable approach contributing to timely action which minimizes the adverse effects of different issues regarding risks for patients and the personnel. Nevertheless, it is incomplete without the adoption of evidence-based measures forming an essential part of medical institutions’ analysis. They present the initiatives focused on particular problems such as staff injury, medication error, infection rates, or patient falls (Clark & Sine, 2019). In this way, the approach based on the evidence received in the context of a medical facility plays a significant role in ensuring the correspondence of developed plans to actual needs. Inefficiencies in Patient Safety and Transformation One of the principal areas which include inefficiencies addressed through various initiatives mentioned above is patient safety. This aspect of healthcare institutions’ activity positively correlates with the overall quality of provided care and, therefore, presents a vast field of responsibility (Tres et al., 2016). Therefore, it is the leading direction of work for medical specialists who claim that technological progress is contrasted by the need to ensure the positive outcome of treatment (Tres et al., 2016). This challenge implies the necessity to transform the existing systems for the patients’ benefit. This field of high risk can be improved by healthcare workers with the use of assessment tools. Their practical implication is connected to proper management of safety since these instruments reveal each facility’s problems without generalization (Tres et al., 2016). Hence, the existing evaluation mechanisms are related