ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article presents an assessment of the usefulness of design-oriented science education in developing scientific reasoning skills and gains on high-stakes tests. This is through refining and enhancing inquiry-oriented science and technology-supported science curriculum. This research makes use of the Astronomy Village (AV) software program designed by NASA. This software enables the students to carry out authentic and collaborative learning as they do investigations. It is with the use of this software program that enhancement of inquiry-oriented learning was put to test through the implementation of its curriculum in schools. Design-based research is utilized to investigate gains and development of reasoning skills in the students in the course of implementing the Astronomy Village software program in the curriculum. The methodology first involved identification of an appropriate curriculum for the innovative technology. The experimental method made use of teachers and students in the Astronomy class to test the hypothesis of the study. Four quizzes were administered to the participants during the implementation. After the implementation the tests were re-administered to measure the gains throughout the implementation period. The results realized after the first implementation process underwent refinements that shaped the outcome of the second implementation. The results of the assessments were analyzed at the end of the whole process. This study was a success first of all because it provides a good background to the main objectives of the activities that were undertaken. For instance it explains the meaning of inquiry-oriented learning and how the Astronomy Village is important in the science curriculum. The study presents empirical primary data collected from the classrooms during the implementation of the Astronomy Village curriculum. There was direct interaction with the participants. The data obtained was recorded and is subject to verification by the various test results that were obtained. Qualitative results obtained therefore have a high validity. The first and second implementation of the curriculum was adequate in achieving the objectives of the study. During the period, the quizzes administered went through adjustments so as to obtain more accurate and reliable results of the study. After the first implementation the results obtained were fundamental in making refinements to the process. It is these refinements that contributed significantly to the results that verified the hypothesis of the study. The role of the teacher in the study was well defined by the study. As explained in the assessment processes, the teacher was even able to help the confused students to keep on track so as to achieve the objectives of the tests. This can be viewed in terms of the strengths of the research. With the teachers’ role being well defined and well undertaken, the results of the study improved in their validity in demonstrating the gains in the students during the implementation of the VA curriculum in the first and se
Etiology of the lesion The cause of most stomach cancer is believed to be through the infection of Helicobacter pylori (Kumar, Suzan and Robbins 134). However, other conditions increase the risk levels including aspects such as genetic factors, intestinal metaplasia and autoimmune atrophic gastritis. Some of the most common risk factors include; Poor diet: Excessive cholesterol and fats in the diet increase the chance of stomach cancer. Salted meat and fish, smoked foods and pickled vegetables appear to raise the risk to adenocarcinoma of the stomach (Wang and Giraud 123). Cured meats contain nitrites and nitrates, which can be converted by bacteria, H. pylori, into compounds, which cause stomach cancer (Wang and Giraud 123). However, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables that contains antioxidant vitamins such as A and C do considerably lower the risk of stomach cancer (Kumar, Suzan and Robbins 198). Taking a balanced diet is recommended to curb the disease. There has been a correlation between iodine deficiency and cancer (Wang and Giraud 123). There was a case of reduced mortality rates after the implementation of I-prophylaxis (Wang and Giraud 83). Smoking and alcohol consumption: A great percentage of patient suffering from stomach cancer is smokers (Wang and Giraud 78). Heavy smoking increases the chances of this disease to about eight-two percent. Additionally, drinking and smoking elevate the situation to more severe levels. Genetic factors: Stomach cancer shows male dominance with one female affected for every three males (Baynes and Dominiczak 78). Some hormones are effective especially estrogen in women that help in minimizing chances of developing cancerous cells. Alternati
Introduction The creation of any plan of care requires the investigation of different factors, as well as the relationships that may exist between a drug and a patient’s body. The evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is an important step because it helps to understand what the body can do to the drug, including such processes as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion, and what the drug can do to the body, including adverse or side effects, new health problems, or body changes (Peterson, 2017). Gender, age, and genetics are one of the main patient factors that may influence pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In this paper, a case of a particular patient will be used to clarify what patient factors and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles should be taken into consideration in order to develop a personalized plan of care for the patient. Case Description WA is an 87-year-old African American female patient. To reduce the level of agitation and avoid complications, she was given Risperdal. In 30 minutes, the patient started feeling somnolence. Influential Factors Taking into consideration the informati
List the four schools of thought along with the basic cause of the labor problem and solution to the labor problem for each The four schools of thought are: The Neoclassical Economics   * seem outdated and suppose a world that does not exist today. Even though the idea is positive, it is being criticized as being too rational while people do not always act as rational beings. There are often emotions involved, and so, it would impossible to judge everyone by one standard of rationality.   * solution would be to modify the laws so that rationality is the key goal of policymakers while the individual cases will be investigated and ruled upon. The Human Resource Management   * in human resources, people have voices and individual opinions, so there is potential to question authority. Monetary gain is not always pursued, so it would be a failure to judge people by specific criteria that might not apply.   * to help the problem, there could be a limitation within Human Resources management and participation. A more efficient system of communication where the authority of managers is not jeopardized could be put in place. The Industrial Relations and The Critical (Marxist)   * a mix of the industrial age and Marxist perspective has problems in the fact that the society is judged by strict criteria, which relate to labor, its qualities, and quantity of capital. There ensues a separation where people might get lower wages and higher hours.   * the bettering of working hours and alignment to salaries would be one of the solutions. People must feel their work is being rewarded properly, which will produce higher output and a more positive work ethic. Industrial Relations   * the modern world has seen a crisis, and it has majorly impacted how people view policymaking and the change in working conditions and the business world.   * a more strict and lawful organization of resources and conditions in regards to people making large amounts of money and consuming a lot of resources must be arranged (Budd, 2009). Explore the online exhibit about the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire The disaster of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire took the lives of many people. The incident took place in the year 1911 when the working quarters were extremely poor. The workers’ safety was a non-existent concept, and proper procedures were not adhered to. Fire safety was not regulated and unplanned. Also, unsanitary conditions added to the environment that was prone to negatively affect people. The global business demands of the industry have made use of many employees through harsh working conditions and inhumane treatment. Malaysian workers are often cited as working in harsh conditions that rarely meet proper policies and procedures. Even though this is true today, previously, the government and the industry focused on the financial gain and the result even more. Nothing was done for proper care of the people who make all the difference in the success of societies. Industrialization was starting
Preliminary mapping of the broad topic area The international community has already realized all the dangers that land mines pose to the world population. Non-governmental organizations are struggling against insuperable odds in order to ban this highly dangerous weapon. It should be pointed out that they have to encounter various types of difficulties such as technical, economic and political. Mostly due to these controversies, the lives of many people remain imperiled. However, it seems that these obstacles can be surmounted, though at first, it is necessary to develop the strategies addressing all the aspects of this problem, for example, the costs of elimination, political debates and most importantly the reluctance of many governments, which are not willing to abolish the landmines. Narrowing the focus and the chronology Landmines are currently concentrated all over the world. These lethal weapons were developed to serve as the antitank weapons. Thus it can be regarded as a defence arm. Presently they are used indiscriminately without following the United Nations treaties which regulates their uses. Landmines usually cause a lot of injuries when they explode accidentally or when they are used as the war devices. Consequently they cause environmental pollution as they are persistent in nature. The ban on the use of the landmines by the United Nation has proved to be the most difficult task in general. As a response of this incapability of the United Nation to eradicate the use of the landmines, the NGOs started some campaigns aimed at banning the use of this weapon. Most of the countries in the African continent, Asian continent and the American continent have a lot of landmines which have been deposited in soil. The countries with the highest casualties include the United States of America, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Russia, China and Mozambique. The greatest success of the Non Governmental Organisation campaigns took place in the year of 1999 at Ottawa, which recommended the ban of the production and usage of these landmines (Tim Carstairs,1997, p 34). However some states such as the United States of America, Spain, China and Russia have consequently refused to sign the disarmament act. At the same time in the year of 2004 the review conference was held in Nairobi, Kenya which emphasized on the establishment of the mine free world. Purpose: Working strategies of NG
It is imperative that survival without education in this century is very difficult. Everybody needs at least a high school diploma to live a good life. However, very many people have put too much emphasis on predetermined goals of the curriculum at the expense of all the other human capabilities. Human beings can survive without necessarily having the conventionally respected academic qualifications. However, they will not succeed by just sitting back. They will have to excel in other areas, especially using creativity. In the modern world, people can earn lots of money from their talents and other forms of art. According to Robinson, every child is born with creativity but loses it as he or she goes through the education system (K. Robinson, personal communication, June, 2006). This argument confirms findings by several other researchers that the American education system is killing creativity in children. This paper demonstrates to all American citizens that their education system, especially the higher education system, is the biggest contributor to the deteriorating standards of creativity among learners in the country. Creativity is a critical element of human life. Almost everything that people use and do in their daily lives is a result of creativity. Usually, creativity encompasses invention and art. Invention is responsible for technology, education and all the other things that human beings have created to make their lives comfortable. On the other hand, art entails music, drama, sports and all other forms of entertainment. Many people in the US and other parts of the world earn lots of money from art. Therefore, creativity is indispensable in the modern society. The first thing that contributes to the lack of creativity among students is the kind of training teachers go through at the university in the US. According to Segesten (2013), the teachers only take a few subjects at the university. Hence, they can only teach the students what they learned at the university. This state of affairs means such teachers cannot help their learners develop creativity in areas they do not know. In the long-run, the students learn vicariously that they do not need to read widely. A good education system should be broad-based. It should include all the aspects of real-life (Bronzaft, 2006). The other contributing factor is the teaching methods used in class. Many of them are very fixed and outdated. Segesten (2013) argues that many teachers in high schools teach their students through rote memorization. She argues that such crude methods of teaching are mainly meant to help the students pass exams and get good jobs. Worse still, the exams are nationalized and standardized by national bodies. According to Segesten (2013), standardization and nationalization of exams encourages dangerous competition. The students only think about grades. McGill (2006) agrees with this argument by insisting that private schools
Introduction The critical theory was proposed almost a century ago, and since then it has been revived, 1 revised, 2 and revisited. 3 Nowadays, it is not uncommon for modern political, social, 4 and religious 5 initiatives and approaches to be based on it. This popularity and the remarkable ability to withstand even the criticism of its foundations 6 make the critical theory and interesting topic for research. In this paper, the critical theory is briefly characterised from the historical and ideological perspective, after which its impact on the contemporary political philosophy and the relationships of mutual influence between the two are discussed. It is concluded that the theory’s remarkable longevity may be the consequence of the methodology created within its framework, that is now being applied to diverse 7 aspects 8 of human activities. Critical Theory: History and Definition A product of Frankfurt School, the critical theory was established in the 1920s, later reviewed in the 1950s, and returned to throughout the post-war history of political philosophy. 9 The theory is concerned with improving society through emancipation. Its core basis is the “Hegelian turn” in Marxism, and it focuses on the development of a reasonable society through critical thinking. 10 The Kantian concern of the possibility of reason and knowledge was also explored by the School, and the influence of Kantian philosophy is visible in its apologists’ ideas. 11 Apart from that, the idea of reflective thinking was combined with “intellectual and moral responsibility.” 12 In other words, the apologists of the theory aimed at making thinking less detached and explanatory and more socially oriented. Ideology, in this case, was regarded as an obstacle to human freedom, the contradictions and “masking” ideas of which could be exposed with the help of critical thinking. 13 Naturally, the theory criticised the positivist view that denied the critical aspect of knowledge: for the critical theory, reflective thinking is of supreme, 14 central 15 significance. The positivist philosophy, in this respect, was regarded as not just faulty, but a downright dangerous way of thinking with the potential of turning know
Introduction Identity defines or distinguishes each and every individual. In contemporary society, people often strive to create an identity that separates them from others. Race, on the other hand, is a word that characterizes humans not only by their physical aspects but also through socially constructed terms (e.g. Scots-Irish), shared beliefs (e.g. Muslim Americans), political ideologies (e.g. republicans versus democrats) and so forth. Racial identities in many occasions have led to intractable conflicts, which have shaped the course of history. In the19 th century, the Southern United States was dominated by the Scots-Irish. The Scots-Irish were customarily pastoralists and originated from the most ferocious territories in Europe. In addition, they practiced cultures of honor, which relied profoundly on hostility, high respect for manhood, and stock theft. Gun violence was viewed as a means of building a reputation and preventing stock theft. In addition, the culture of honor helped the Scots-Irish in combating the external enemy and protecting their property. This brings us to the question of whether the culture of honor played a significant role in their survival during the Texas Revolution. We will find out in the next chapter. The Texas Revolution in 1836 In 1836, a war broke out between the centralists and federalists in Mexico. The main people who took part in this war were Anglo-Americans, Mexican-Texans (also known as Tejanos), Scots-Irish, and Mexicans. The war started when the 5000-strong Mexican army marched in and attacked Alamo from all corners using canons and handguns. The locals tried to fight back but they were overwhelmed. The military base in Texas was destroyed and almost 450 prisoners of war were executed. Many of them were Scots-Irish. The Scots-Irish joined the war following the wanton destruction of their properties and loss of lives. To be precise, they were the greatest casualties of the war. Their properties were destroyed, their cattle were driven away, and their families were displaced. It is not clear how many of them died during the war. As a result, they joined the military and fought the enemy ferociously. It is alleged that nearly one-third of the army was made up of Scots-Irish. The aim was to recover their lost land and properties. In April 1836, they took part in the battle of San Jacinto. The San Jacinto ambush was brilliantly and speedily executed. The ambush claimed more than 650 Mexican lives and wounded thousands of them, which led to a victory. The majority died of gun wounds. It was until 1837 when they decided to rebuild their communities. Even though they continued to suffer from numerous attacks, they fought tooth and nail to protect their families and properties. The new government of Texas rewarded their loyalty with more parcels of land. From the war, it is very clear that Scots-Irish never gave up even after they were defeated in Alamo. This is largely attributed to their culture of honor, which places a high value on individual status and protection of property. In spite of the defeat, they continued to engage in the battle so as to reclaim their land and property.
Searching for a perfect job is a challenging journey that requires dedication and clear objectives about the future position. No rigid rules exist in the market in different industries for the best candidate for a specific job. Numerous vacancies outline the requirements and responsibilities of the best fit, but it is still difficult to predict whether an individual who possesses these qualities will get the job. The process of finding a job becomes more puzzling for recent graduates who do not have substantial work experience behind them. Building a career in the healthcare administration field also imposes significant points for consideration. The purpose of this paper is to outline the suggestions that can serve as facilitators and useful tips in getting a position within healthcare administration. Education plays an essential role in finding a job in the chosen field. Earning a bachelor’s degree is significant for an individual who is willing to work in healthcare administration. If one is aiming at getting higher-level positions, it would be beneficial to earn a graduate degree because it increases the chances of starting not from an entry-level job in the industry (Health tips, 2016). Another useful recommendation is getting some prior experience during or after graduation because it provides a candidate with a professional background and can help to identify which specific field to pursue. Some programs offer internships to their students as a part of the education process (Health tips, 2016). It is also beneficial to apply for professional membership in such organizations as the Association for Healthcare Administration Professionals, the American Association of Healthcare Administration Management, and others (Health tips, 2016). Joining those associations will bring advantages to one’s resume and will keep an individual updated on the recent advancements in the field. In conclusion, it is crucial in every field, including healthcare administration, to possess the necessary skills and be able to present oneself. Creating a resume that gives a clear representation of an individual as a professional, increasing the network through communicating with professionals, and carefully searching for the available positions are the steps in getting a job. Finding a perfect job can be a journey with numerous obstacles and disappointments, and, sometimes, a vacancy one applied for can be an excellent match. Following the recommendations, looking for new openings, and continuously working on skills and knowledge improvement can lead one to a good position in healthcare administration. Reference Health tips. (2016). How to find a job in healthcare administration | Health jo
Introduction The aspects of digital democracy reveal the statement that the World Wide Web is the most tolerable sphere of relations. Originally, people are free to express their thoughts and considerations on the internet, and some researchers regard it as the way to control citizens, by letting them express all their moods in some unrestricted area. Originally, digital democracy is regarded as the process of governing local communities, and for the strict control of the moods and processes within the society, thus, e-democracy and digital democracy may be the effective control tool. The aim of this paper is to research the matters of the internet, and the particular aspects of digital life, such as digital democracy, blogging, social networks and “net neutrality” in general, and compare the widely spread theoretic considerations on this aspect with the considerations by classical theorists like Marx, Engels, Nietzsche or Du Bois. Internet as the Democratic Tool The key aim of digital democracy as the control tool is to unite the most active citizens and participants of the discussion in a single place. Thus, blogs, communities, social networks, etc are the perfect tools for collecting the wide database of citizens. Surely, the government needs to apply certain efforts for maintaining the necessary democracy and freedom levels, thus, the government aims to develop publicly accessed platforms. Originally, as it is stated by Dizard (236): Social networking and the internet, in general, is an emerging area for e-democracy, as well as related technological developments, such as argument maps and eventually, the semantic web. Those are seen as important stepping-stones in the maturation