Introduction The natural photosynthesis process changes light energy into chemical energy. However, in recent times, there are ongoing active studies in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Chemical energy originates from the breakdown of CO2 and H20 under light energy. The process results in the production of carbohydrates for plants alongside oxygen that is aerobic in living organisms. However, the minor details of the energy-transformation processes at the molecular level remain unclear. Figure 1: Artificial leaf. Recent Advances Latest advances in specific areas of spectroscopy, crystallography, and molecular genetics have provided new opportunities for scientists to explore artificial photosynthesis. Specifically, scientists strive to use the known and change them into “functional, efficient, synthetic systems that will tap the endless supply of energy coming from the sun”.[1] Researchers believe that artificial photosynthesis can work on a large scale and generate energy to serve the needs of human. An example of the possible exploitation of artificial photosynthesis to generate energy is the use of photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, researchers have cited high costs and the occasional absence of the sun as limiting factors to harvesting solar energy. The demand for clean energy has pushed many researchers to focus on artificial photosynthesis as a possible source of clean energy that can replace fossil fuels. Thus, artificial photosynthesis could be the solution to the world’s energy challenges. Michael Berger observes that recent approaches focus on titanium dioxide as a possible photocatalytic material due to its relatively “low cost, chemical stability, and photostability”.[2] However, the availability of the ultraviolet (UV) limits the application of this technology on a large-scale (about four percent of the world’s region has solar UV). This makes the technology impractical on a large scale. Other researchers have focused on the exploitation of tungsten trioxide as new photoanode material. Still, others have considered tungsten trioxide as “a mixture material with titanium dioxide for splitting water because it can offer relatively small bandgap (∼2.5 eV) and corrosion stability in the aqueous solution”.[3] While tungsten trioxide has exhibited a major potential in artificial photosynthesis, its quantum remains low. A new study with titanium oxide nanotubes with tungsten oxide has shown a significant improvement in artificial photosynthesis. Meanwhile, there are ongoing efforts to use varied tungsten trioxide or titanium dioxide to boost the effectiveness of electrochromic impacts and photocurrent in water solutions. Some scientists at the University of Texas have shown that carbon with elements of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have abilities to enhance photocurrent densities. Still, these researchers also used “titanium oxide nanotubes with tungsten oxide (WO3) as photoanode” [4]to demonstrate solar harvesting techniques. The result indicated that such nanocomposite materials were effective and stable methods of trapping solar energy. [5] Challenges Researchers have faced many challenges despite their numerous contributions to artificial photosynthesis. These challenges are mainly critical scien