ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Report as Environmental Epidemiology The report by the department of health gives a detailed report on the impact of coal seam gas industry. The report is not only important to policy makers, but also to learners. It helps a learner acquire knowledge on various environmental exposures. Some of these environmental exposures are risky and one should know how to respond to them. These environmental exposures may include illnesses, disabilities, and fatal injuries and many other. Environmental epidemiology helps one to understand the conditions that result to the prevalence of these health related exposures and the relevant ways to respond to each. Environmental epidemiology classifies these exposures into various categories that are important for the knowledge of the learner. Some are classified as chemicals or other pathogenic related activities, social interaction conditions, geographical activity and other environmental related changes in the human life support system and other healthy ecosystems. The objective of environmental epidemiology to a learner is to help one understand the sensitive environmental exposures, develop mechanisms to respond to each of them, identify health measures and policies to address these risks and evaluate the cost benefit analysis and effectiveness of the identified policies and measures. Coal seam gas mining in Tara, Queensland, and the health of residents living nearby This report gives a detailed effect of this industry on Tara and Queensland. The emissions in Coal seam gas mining in Tara and Queensland are so much and unbearable to the surrounding communities. The coal seam gas mining wells near Tara is reported to emit three time the normal accepted levels of emission. Licenses on mining of coal seam gas are issued with illegally and with disregard in the health conditions of the people near the mining areas, livestock and other food production and processing avenues like the plains of Liverpool. This scholar argues that the mining activities in this region have posed serious impacts on the health of people, water catchment areas and many other sensitive environmental areas. The people living near these coal seam mining areas are exposed to dangerous gases like toluene, benzene, xylene, ethyl benzene, which are naturally found in crude oil. According to this scholar although the public has complained and raised concern on the risky environmental exposures that result from these coal seam gas mining areas, none of the issues has so far been addressed. The report shows that Australian government has received several complains from doctors and residents near coal seam gas mining areas on severe symptoms of exposure to the gas. Many families near coal seam gas mining industries, have been reported to suffer from health problems like headaches, develop rashes, nausea and
Accounting is classified into two main types; financial accounting and managerial accounting. Financial accounting refers to the generation of periodic reports in conformance to the requirements of shareholder statute and other external bodies like government agencies. Managerial accounting refers to the identification, processing and communication of information needed for managerial planning, evaluation and control in an organization. Thus, the major difference between the two is that financial accounting is meant for use by external parties like creditors, shareholders, etc. while managerial accounting is meant for use within the organization by managers. This basic difference leads to a number of other notable differences between management and financial accounting despite the fact that both use the same financial data. In addition to the people targeted by the accounting reports, the two also in the final data presented to users, addressing of the future or the past etc. Let us have a closer look at these differences (“Financial and Management Accounting”, 2008, p. 1). Basic differences The differences between managerial and financial accounting include the stated fact that management accounting prepares reports for use within the organization by employees and managers while financial reports are generated for use by parties who are not a part of the organization i.e. external parties. These include government agencies, shareholders, banks, creditors etc (Geoffrey, 2009, p. 1). Another difference is evident in the objectives of the two types of accounting. While managerial accounting is aimed at providing information for decision making e.g. cost information, cash flows, budgets, etc., financial accounting is aimed at recording organizational performance over a specific period of time, preparing financial statements for this period and stating the position of the organization at the end of the specified period. The stated difference in the objectives of the two types of accounting makes them to differ in their priorities. Management accounting prioritizes timeliness of information while financial accounting prioritizes precision of information (Gupta, 2009, p. 1). This is because for management reports to have the desired impact on an organization, they must be presented to the management early enough to give the management time to make decisions. On the other hand financial information has to be precise in order to win the confidence of shareholders, creditors and government agencies. This will, in turn, lead to organizational welfare brought about by the transactions these parties make with the company. Additionally, management accounting is optional since it is not a legal requirement while, on the other hand, financial accounting is a must for all limited companies. Thus management accounting is carried out as an organizational need while financ
Resources at the Beginning The sharing campaign began when a resident of a community gave a refrigerator to their neighbor, Sumayyah Sayed. The resident had used it for three years for food donations to those in need and now wanted someone else to take charge of it. According to Bajaj et al. (2018), the idea of the project was straightforward: Sayed needed to stock the fridge with products for those who were fasting. A refrigerator with invitation posters was supposed to be installed outside Sayed’s house to attract those who needed food or beverages. Since Ramadan presupposes restraining from any food or drinks until sunset, fridges became a real blessing for the residents because they would take what they needed after a long workday. Sayed did not only aim at feeding those who were fasting, but wanted to share products with other residents of the community as well. As a result, she faced an overwhelming task – refilling fridges with food and beverages on a daily basis. On the first day, Sayed cooked some dishes and bought bottles of water and juice to stock the machine. An hour later, she noticed that everything was consumed too fast which made her wonder what she could do to supply more food (Bajaj et al., 2018). Sayed’s urge to help individuals seemed to inspire her to expand the project. Having refilled the fridge three times one day, she realized the products were gone too quickly. Therefore, she started contemplating the ideas related to the project’s expansion. Her attempts to help people seemed impossible without any donations or sponsors; thus, she decided to seek assistance. She first posted a message on social media to address the problem and ask volunteers to make contributions. Her initiative was successful since it attracted more than a thousand people in just one day. Sayed received countless inquiries about the place, the amount of food, and time when they could come and donate. She received so many donations in one day that she had to vacate a room in her house to accommodate them. Since it was much more than Sayed expected or needed, she decided to share the collection with other refrigerator owners. In addition, four managers in the community joined the Facebook page and contacted Sayed to receive donations for their fridges. Sumayyah Sayed was excited to share her items with other people to develop the movement. They soon joined Sayed’s campaign and aimed to expand the boundaries of their influence. According to Bajaj et al. (2018), Sumayyah Sayed’s story proves that there are many compassionate people who strive to help those in need even with no resources. Magazines, online and radio sources started spreading news people who donate food, labor, time, and effort. All the media was overflown with the articles about this campaign, promoting it on the national level. Sayed seems an incredibly charitable person who is willing to help people voluntarily. Since she realizes the needs of residents, Sayed can be described as an emphatic and kind person. As gene
Industrial hygiene can be described as the “science and art” (Office of training and education, n.d., p. 1) dedicated to detecting, assessing, and managing those factors and stressors present in the workplace that can affect workers’ health or well-being negatively or cause them discomfort; the definition often involves, along with the effects on workers, the effects on the members of a community in which an industry participant operates or which it is capable of affecting. Five pillars, i.e., main principles of industrial hygiene, can be identified as work practice controls. First, it is necessary to modify existing work conditions and operation procedures to minimize workers’ exposures in their operation of equipment. Second, it is necessary to inspect and technically maintain all the existing equipment according to a properly composed schedule. Third, appropriate housekeeping procedures need to be implemented. Fourth, there is a need to supervise all the processes according to best practices in supervision. Fifth, regulated areas need to be established in which eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics are restricted or prohibited, and the restrictions and prohibitions need to be properly enforced. It is evident that all five controls are among the responsibilities of the management; it shows that industrial hygiene is largely an area of managerial work, and it is, to a lesser extent, a concept that addresses workers’ behaviors or practices in the workplace. In the air traffic control industry, industrial hygiene can encompass such issues as noise, confined space, hazardous materials, ionizing radiation, and thermal stress. From the perspective of the five pillars, it can be assessed that the primary managerial task is to create a working environment that minimizes workers’ exposure to any hazards, including certain regulated or potentially harmful substances, loud noises, and radiation. To implement this successfully, it is necessary to evaluate the risks present in the workplace; and for this purpose, monitoring or regular screenings should be conducted. For instance, if there is a risk of being exposed to harmful substances, workers should go through a medical examination on a regular basis to identify negative effects on their health. Neitzel, Crollard, Dominguez, Stover, and Seixas (2013) collected data on blood lead levels of the workers of a scrap metal recycling facility; this examination is part of the industrial hygiene measurements that are required to support the implementation of the five pillars. Apart from the managerial objectives summarized in the five pillars, there are other types of controls. Primarily, these include engineering controls. For example, in the case of noise exposure, engineering controls include reducing the noise at the source or protecting workers by providing and encouraging the use of hearing protection devices (Suter, 2012). However, alternative solutions should be considered, too, because many workers may be
Introduction After World War 1, the politics of decolonization began to erupt in developing nations. During this period, some theorist believed that the colonial situation produced some forms of unity while other theorists were simply interested in decolonization. (Chakrabarty, 4815) Regardless of what both sides thought, the major population of undeveloped nations clamored for independence. However, the colonial countries like France and Britain were not prepared to leave at the period when undeveloped nations wanted independence. Most of the colonial countries were in undeveloped countries for their personal gains and not to develop these undeveloped nations as they had promised. In the mid 20 th century after the politics of decolonization, newly independent nations began to sought development, technological advancement and modernization. This gave rise to the international politics of globalization. The major concern that dominated the idea of decolonization was development. (Chakrabarty, 4813) After undeveloped nations noticed that colonial nations had failed to develop them as promised, they began to agitate for independence but little did these undeveloped nations know that certain policies or treaties in the future will compel them to the whims and caprices of western nations. But the desire for independence and development superseded every other thing. This essay will summarize the politics of decolonization and how post-colonial theorists did everything possible to get rid of colonial nations. However, after achieving independence, newly independent nations began to seek development and this marked the beginning of globalization. Globalization seems like a modern type of colonization due to its structure and policies. It is important to note that, the same colonial nations that failed to develop African and Asian countries in the 20 th century are the same nations that today set the trend for globalization. Decolonization and the politics of culture The campaign of decolonization began when some theorists began to perceive colonization as something of a broken promise. (Chakrabarty, 4815) The colonial nations had taken over undeveloped nations with a promise of developing these uncivilized nations. However, in the late 20 th century and the early 21 st century, third world countries noticed that the promise of development was not kept so; this gave rise to the campaign of decolonization. (Chakrabarty, 4813) The fight against colonialism was a tough and fatal fight. Some activists who were perceived as enemies to the then western rule were charged with treason and eventually prosecuted. In South Africa for example, the South Africans practically had to go to war with their colonies in order to gain independence. But this was not supposed to be the case when a country desired independence. The western colonial countries had promised undeveloped African and Asian countries rapid development but instead of keeping
Introduction   * The Vietnam War influenced Vietnam and America:       + The Viet Cong conflict with South Vietnam 1 .       + The Tet Offensive attacks in 1968.       + The change of American public opinion.       + Rethinking of the worth of American Presidency.       + The role of media in the war 2 . In this presentation, the discussion of the impact of Tet Offensive on the United States and the role of media in military events will be discussed. The Vietnam War began at the end of 1955 and lasted about 18 years, involving more than 20 countries. The conflict between the Viet Cong and South Vietnam was supported by the United States because it was the only chance to stop the growth of communism in the world.3 The Tet Offensive was a remarkable event in the war t
Introduction Managerial economics refers to the science of organizing limited resources in order to achieve organizational goals with minimal costs. According to Edwin Mansfield, managerial economics applies various economic concepts and analytical strategies to influence the decision-making process in a rational manner (Paul, 2008). The scope of managerial economics includes various organizational activities that require managerial decisions. These areas include decisions on production, demand, pricing, and human resource management. Other crucial areas where managerial economics applies in organizational leadership include capital budgeting and risk analysis. This research paper will discuss how managerial economics influences decision-making by organizational leaders due to demand for goods and services. It will also demystify the theory of demand applies in managerial economics by discussing various types of demand. Good decision-making is crucial for organizational success because of the need to use scarce resources to achieve organizational goals. Managerial economics influences decision-making, which is usually aimed at achieving better assessment of required capital, market needs, technological inputs, pricing strategies, and marketing of products (Harris, 2010). All these decisions seek to meet the market demand for goods and services while reducing cost. Managerial economics seeks to meet various types of demands after the introduction of a product in the market (Paul, 2008). Examples of these demands include interrelated demand, joint demand, competitive demand, derived demand, composite demand, independent demand,
Impact of Euro Crisis on the US economy and business decision-making Increasing borrowing costs for the low developed economies and the trouble banks that loaned money to these economies have characterizes euro crisis. Trade, borrowing costs, credit spreads, and exchange rate integrate the US economy with other economies all over the world. The euro crisis poses a severe oblique effect on the US financial system. This is because risk need to be priced again upwards while pushing stock downwards. In addition, commercial banks holding securities against Europe need to adjust their balance sheets. In addition, they may need to raise their cost of capital to cover resulting losses. Therefore, the net effect is the fall in interest rates of government bonds. Credit spread and cost of borrowing goes up. Further, as the US dollar weakens and the euro strengths the value of exports go down. This results to trade deficits. Euro crisis causes negative impact on US balance sheet. American businesses need to lower their leverage and dependence on credit financing. This is because rising cost of capital impact of the profitability of the business. In addition, they should request for adequate hedging of foreign transactions. The factors to consider when making the decision to outsource or integrate forwards or backwards Businesses use outsourcing and integration strategy for several reasons such as cost minimization, efficiency, improvement of organizational initiatives, improvement of focus, and growth. A number of factors need should be considered when making decision on outsourcing or integration. These factors are profit maximization, overall business strategy of the company, technical expertise, quality, and vendor’s expertise in the scope of the business. Apart from profit maximization, business strategy is also a necessary factor. This is because outsourcing impacts on the business strategy and internal processes.
Introduction To host the London 2012 Paralympic and Olympic Games, approximately ten billion pounds has to be spent. This is because quite number of participants and spectators are anticipated to attend. However, not every corporation has a guarantee to sponsor the 2012 Olympic Games. This report identifies marketing communication mix strategies sponsoring companies use in conveying their marketing messages to the branded target markets (Mintel, 2009b). The focus is on Sainsbury and Coca-Cola and how these sponsoring corporations employ different key marketing communication mix when interacting with the targeted market. The report initially explains the diverse marketing communication mix elements. The market share for the two companies are mentioned followed by a demonstration of how different tactics and marketing communication strategies are employed by Coca-Cola and Sainsbury to overcome market rival battles and how well the strategies hit the target market (Learmonth, 2010). The London 2012 Olympic Games background Basically, the Olympic Games are planned to take place this summer in London England, UK commencing from July 27, 2012 until August 12, 2012. The Olympic Games was given to the town of London subsequent to the appealing tender that was led by Coe Sebastian the ex-Olympic champ along with Livingstone Ken the afterward London mayor. During the bidding process, London was selected the host city whipping front runners including Moscow, New York, Paris and Madrid. It is expected that athletes from 204 countries will participate in the event. There will be 26 sports with a total of 39 disciplines. During the bidding process London featured 28 sports according to the current summer Olympics. Yet, soft ball and baseball were dropped by IOC. Though there are several venues around the country where some games will be taking place, London is the main venue where most events will occur. Research methods Data was collected from interviews, questionnaires, databases, internet and even mail. Each of these data collection methods had its own conditions. To conduct a comparative analysis study on the marketing communication mix that two companies which sponsor the London 2012 Olympics use, both secondary and primary research was carried out. The secondary research was performed through the available databases including Euromonitor, FAME, Global Market Information Database (GMID), Mintel, and the companies’ annual reports, marketing magazines, the official website for Coca-Cola and Sainsbury’s website (Mosaic Marketing, 2010). Conversely, to collect primary data electronic survey (e-mails) and face to face questionnaires were used. Analysis, discussion and presentation of the findings Findings and discussions Coca-Cola and Sainsbury have been the largest and the longest corporate partners of Olympic G