ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the ever-changing business environment, change is inevitable; changes in technology, competition, and customer preferences are among the changes that businesses have to face. To remain competitive amidst the changes, organizations need to adjust their processes and products accordingly. When a business is undergoing a change process, it is likely to face resistance from internal (employees) and external (stakeholders) players. Psychologists define resistance to change as a natural reaction to uncertainty and/or unknown; a number of factors lead to change resistance (Laura-Georgeta, 2008). This paper analyzes the reasons that make individual resist change as well how management can implement change effectively. Reason for the resistance When a change is occurring in an organization, the management are the agents of change; the way the communicate the change to be implemented in an organization determines whether the change will be embraced by employees or they will resist it. Despite efforts made by management of a company to ensure that there is good communication, some personal and group attributes lead to resistance of change. Resistance to change can be divided into two areas as: Managers’ resistance Despite the fact that managers are seen as the change agents, there are times that they resist change; this however happens in areas that there is weak management: when referring to management, here the paper is more focused on line management and supervisors; their reasons for change are:   * Fear of loss of power and control Managers have pride in the power they have, when a change is being implemented, they are not aware that they will retain the power they are having; they thus are likely not to support the change.   * Overload of current tasks, pressures of daily activities and limited resources Stressed managers see change as another issue that will be added to their busy schedule thus they are more likely to resist the change as they feel it will add to the worries they already have.   * Skepticism and disagreement about the need for change Managers may have issues with the new change that is to be implemented, they may feel that the change is not warranted, they are not very sure that the change will be of good to the organization or will lead to issues in the organization (Diamond, 1986). Employees’ resistance For an effective change, employees are expected to support the change process and strongly support the change; depending with the angle one is looking at it, however they are mostly those employees who are the team members lead by a certain team manager. The following are the reasons why they are likely to resist change:   * Fear of unknown When a change is being implemented in an organization, it creates and uncertainty in the minds of the employees; they are not aware of what the change will have on them. They are not aware what will happen to their jobs, status ranks and even salaries, the truth of the matter is that there is always some effects on employees. They feel that the intended change will have a negative impact on their lives and thus they repel the change; the fear may be in
The Social Security Administration (SSA) is the American organization responsible for providing survivors, elderly, and disabled members of the population with retirement benefits. It was created in 1935 by the former American President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the best remedy to help the unfortunate members of society (Navar et al., 2019). Since the implementation of the SSA, the retirement income has acted as a pillar in promoting the welfare of such people. The Social Security benefits have formed a substantial portion of retirement income from the assets to the savings of these individuals. The SSA currently administers several programs in the United States of America. These include the facilitation of retirement benefits to the elderly, survivors, and the incapacitated. The organization also provides premium payment of Medicare to the confirmed vulnerable individuals in America (Navar et al., 2019). The creation of such an institution is critical in the delivery of other essential services such as insurance, licenses, and credit to the susceptible groups. As an institution, the administration has its financial stake that operates independently to deliver the services. It is through these programs that members often agree on the best modalities to help to deliver services. Based on the presented facts, it is clear that the SSA is one of the essential organs in America. The institution has managed to provide some of the critical services to the most vulnerable groups. Consequently, the Federal Government, through the relevant ministry, should continue to offer them the ideal protection and resources which are critical for SSA growth. The implementation of the above recommendation will ensure that millions of Americans continue to benefit from this noble administration. Reference Navar, A. M., Peterson, E. D., Steen, D. L., Wojdyla, D. M., Sanchez, R. J., Khan, I., Song, X., Gold, M. E., & Pencina, M. J. (2019). Evaluation of mortality data from the social security administration death master file for clinical research. JAMA Cardiology , 4 (4), 375−379. Web.
Introduction: Problem Background The number of PLDs is getting increasingly large. Although the modern nursing strategies are aimed at addressing the related PLD issues, they often fail to meet the needs of the target audience.   * LD make the most common mental issue among the contemporary US population;   * LD is especially topical in children and young learners. Learning Disabilities (LD) remain one of the topical issues on the modern nursing agenda (Cortiella, 2014). The number of patients with learning disabilities (PLDs) is growing consistently, as the recent data suggests (World Health Organization, 2012). According to the latest information provided by NCLD (World Health Organization, 2014), 42% of special education students suffer from LD and, therefore, need the corresponding assistance from qualified personnel (Burton, Kagan, & Clemens, 2013). Therefore, there is a strong need to create the framework that will lead to the improvement in the outcomes of the nursing services provided to the target population. It is crucial that the corresponding strategies should be efficient and that the therapies should be carried out in a timely manner. The adoption of the patient-centered approach is strongly recommended to meet the needs of the target members of the population. Introduction: Problem and Purpose Since the idea of PLDs having unique abilities and talents is usually dismissed by nurses, a range of opportunities for PLDs to explore their learning options are lost; Focusing on the promotion of communication between PLDs and the rest of the community members can be viewed as the means of enhancing the patients’ communication skills acquisition; By stressing the talents that PLDs display in the curse of the communication process, one is likely to encourage the patients to be even more active in their learning process. Theoretical Framework: Concepts that the Study Is Based on   * The current theories of disability tend not to place the emphasis on the importance of addressing the patients’ need to locate their unique abilities and talents;   * The Social Model of Disability, on the contrary, points to the fact that the society determines the attitude towards the idea of PLDs having unique talents;   * The Social Model helps explore the influence that the social prejudices has on the current nursing approaches toward meeting PLDs’ needs;   * The Social Model of Disability may be used as the tool in improving the current approach toward managing the PLDs’ therapy and intervention processes. The Social Model of Disability is considered the primary tool for designing the framework that the analysis will be based on. The reasons for considering the model mentioned above is rather basic. In contrast to the rest of the theories, the model stresses the significance of the soci
Mr. Assin, the defendant, is being accused of attempting to engage in contract killing by accepting the money from a wife who wanted to hire someone to kill her husband. The present paper presents an analysis of the case by providing an overview of legal issues pertaining to the case and then applying the relevant provisions to the situation faced by the defendant. While murder is regarded as one of the most serious crimes in the United States society, proving that someone attempted to commit it may prove somewhat difficult (Samaha, 2013). Preparation alone, namely thinking or talking about the crime, is not a sufficient enough reason to charge someone with attempted murder (Theoharis, n.d., par. 4). A prosecutor has to demonstrate that the person took direct action toward killing the victim: for instance, that they were stalking or luring them (Theoharis, n.d., par. 5-6). Moreover, a prosecutor also needs to prove that the accused had the intent to act, or go through with the plan, and the intent to kill, and not merely maim or disfigure the victim (Theoharis, n.d., par. 11-12). While Sally is guilty of attempted murder because she solicited someone’s help to kill her husband, Mr. Assin is not guilty in the present case (Theoharis, n.d., par. 9). Firstly, he did not take any direct steps toward committing the crime as this was his initial contact with Sally. Moreover, even his meeting with Sally cannot be used as evidence that he wanted to be hired for the task since Sally arranged the meeting with another person – with a police officer. Even if the prosecutor claims that Mr. Assin took the money because Sally asked him to kill her husband, there is no evidence indicating that he was not just going to keep the money and take no further action. At the same time, Mr. Assin’s crime is not likely to be classified as a robbery because the money transaction that took place was voluntary and he did not use force or threat thereof to coerce Sally to put the money on the table. Violence is a necessary condition for a crime to qualify as robbery (Mince-Didier, n.d.). If Mr. Assin was guilty of accepting to kill someone for money, his crime would be considered a violent crime, as contract killing is treated as a first-degree murder (England, n.d.). If he accepted the money to kill Sally’s husband but did not go through with his part of the deal, Sally could not raise any charges against him as contracts to kill a person are void (Samaha, 2013). The distinction between violent and property crimes is as follows. Violent crimes are those offenses that result in harm to an individual, regardless of whether the
Introduction There are several ways in which food may be preserved today. Traditionally, drying and smoking were the most common methods of preserving food (Thorne, 1996). Today, more complex methods such as the use of radiations and chemicals exist. There are five common ways that food can be preserved today. The aseptic method of preservation removes and prevents the entry of undesirable micro-organisms into food by application of the highest level of hygiene standards. The hygiene standards are enhanced in all areas that come into contact with food such as utensils and food storage. Other similar methods of preserving food are sterilization, freezing, drying, and refrigeration (Lichtenberg, 2002). In addition, foods may also be conserved using some harmless chemicals. The addition of some non-toxic chemicals in food hinders the growth of harmful microorganisms. Usually, the chemicals inhibit the rate at which energy may be released by the cells of the microorganisms. There are several chemical food preservatives such as nitrates, organic acids and sulfur dioxide. This paper covers microbial preservation of food using chemicals. The paper will cover different chemicals and how they are able to explicitly preserve food. In addition, microorganisms that are resistant as well as those which are very sensitive to such chemicals will also be discussed. Lastly, the paper will detail how every chemical should be prescribed during the food processing process and the necessary safety checks that should be observed. Nitrites Nitrites are used as food preservatives. Usually, they are used in red meat and fish preservation. At times, they may also be used in preserving poultry products. Some nitrates are also used for flavoring foods, especially beef products. Nitrites preserve food by inhibiting the spread and multiplication of Clostridium botulinum bacteria. This bacterium is very toxic when present in any food due to its chemical compound neurotoxin. This toxin makes a human being who has consumed it exhibits symptoms such as those of an individual suffering from paralysis (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1994). Nitrites inhibit the growth of these bacteria by obstructing the respiratory chains and genetic links. Nitrites react with myoglobin , a protein that is common in foods rich in protein. When this compound reacts with myoglobin that is found in blood’s hemoglobin, the product is a stable compound called nitric oxide myoglobin . Nitrites are responsible for preserving most of the meats and avoiding meat from turning brown. When meat is cooked, the myoglobin oxide is usually converted into a non-toxic compound called nitrosohemochrome which is stable (Jay, 2005). However, one problem with the use of nitrites as preservatives is that they react with some amino acids. When this happens, the compound formed is known as nitrosamin
Information and data collection For the designing of the website for “Tourism in Melbourne City” the group commenced on doing its preliminary study based on city’s tourism activities. This followed after much considerations that most of the members of group had little or no adequate information and data about the tourism operations and management within the regions. Under such situation, it became quite crucial for the group participants to familiarize themselves with the tourism trade and its closely related activities or situation within the area. During this preliminary research work of the subject, group members visited several privately and publicly own organizations/institutions to get and equip themselves with the relevant information. Two of the groups visited the Melbourne tourist centre where there did some historical search on the industry, specifically establishing the way the industry had been operated and managed over the past years, the key participants and its inter-connectivity with other corporations in its operations (Hehai, 2004). The information leading to the development of the website was collected using questionnaire methods, which were sent to the private and public institutions relying on doing their trade within the tourism industry. This was aimed at the collection of the enormous data related to tourism industry. Thus, the structured questionnaires were used to collect data of all kind including historical data and information of tourism within the Melbourne city. They also aimed at revealing some data and information related to eating habits, the way tourism affects and operates in the part of shopping. We also went further gathering information based the events directly and indirectly relating or done by persons on a tourism work in the city. The array of data and information that was garnered included those detailing about tourism attraction centers/ places. The gathering of information incorporated all sort of other relevant data on art and culture. While the collected information and data were all mixed up, the members of the project cohorts went on sorting the enormous collects data into the relevant and closely related fields. Pilot/Mock up website Though the groundwork carried out to establish the real situation or problem was very crucial in our endeavors toward the realization of the final intended product, it was overt that there was a long way to go. The path toward the actualization required the development of a simple skeletal website structure, which would help to set a moderately final website. Depending on the information that was gathered, it was clear to every member that every city
How the emulation motive affects people’s consumption choices Veblen asserts that emulation is a strong economic force that influences many people in society (Veblen 678). Emulation makes people do what they think they should do because they belong to certain social classes. This force of comparison encourages individuals to outperform other people in the community. In the workplace, for example, personnel may work towards outdoing their colleagues so that they can be satisfied. The author contends that retrogression is difficult, but conspicuous expenditure is prevalent among people of different social classes (Veblen 679). If people do not achieve their goals of expenditure, then the question and attempt to know why their consumption projections are not met. They compare themselves to their colleagues and other people who may be close to them. This stimulus is a normal force in life that makes people consume more items and achieve more property and prosperity (Veblen 682). Emulation is significantly promoted by the upper classes because people in such classes live better lives than those in the lower classes. Thus, the lower class individuals emulate what the people in the upper classes do for their living. For example, people might emulate what others do about family expenditure. If an individual realizes that his or her colleague educates his or her children in the best schools, then he or she also takes his or her kids to the best schools. Also, a person could purchase clothes based on what his or her friends wear. However, when people who were previously in the lower classes feel that they have achieved the best things in life, then they start to look down upon those people in the lower classes (Veblen 689). As the author asserts, emulation is a good catalyst for reputation in society. People emulate other persons so that they could achieve higher levels of reputation. This is a standard aspect of human nature, which has been adopted by several generations. It has also been noted that people aim at preventing a recession that could make them go back to the lower classes. Thus, people show resistance to retrogression because high spending becomes a habit in their lives. The familiarity of the pattern described
Published in the ‘New York Times,’ Sheila Dewan’s article “Signs of life in home building” presents an analysis of the current situation in the housing and employment sectors in New York. According to Dewan (2014), the employment sector and housing industry have a natural and strong relationship in a perfect economy. The link is a virtuous cycle in which the housing industry drives the job market, and the job market drives the housing industry. The article reports that the New York construction sector has created over 48,000 employment opportunities since 2012. Also, the residential sector has also employed more than 200,000 people within the same period. Therefore, the writer argues that this is a sign of a fast recovery, an enhanced growth, and a good future for the economy. Arguably, New York’s housing and employment sectors provide a good example of an economic trend, which suggests that the state’s economy has a better future. In a perfect market, housing and employment sectors are under the influence of underlying economic principles. In analyzing Dewan’s article, several economic theories and principles are necessary. The article reports that the demand for housing has risen significantly over the last four years. For instance, the demand is high among the people aged between 25 and 34 years, especially the employed group. Secondly, companies in the construction sector have experienced a sharp rise in earnings. For instance, the article reports that D.R Horton recorded 86% rise in quarterly earnings, which suggests that the city’s employment rate is on the rise. How true is this finding in economic terms? According to the principles of economics, the rise in the housing sector, a basic need, is influenced by the people’s purchasing power. The people’s purchasing power is limited, which means that housing is a scarce facility. For an economy to enjoy a high rate of growth in the housing sector, it is necessary that a majority of people have better sources of income, mostly though employment. A rise in the rate of employment and income corresponds to a rise in the people’s purchasing power, which in turn increases the ability to purchase houses (O’Sullivan, Sheffrin & Perez, 2013). This is the case in New York, indicating a rise in the rate of employment, income, and people’s purchasing power. The elasticity of demand and supply is applicable in this case. Theoretically, elasticity determines the change in the value worth of a variable by 1% due to a change in the value of another variable. Housing is a very price-sensitive variable (Mankiw, 2012). A unit fall in the price of the house increases its demand by a large margin. Also, housing is a relative demand-sensitive product. For instance, in New York, the increase in people’s purchasing power, which is enhanced by the end of the recent economic crisis, has prompted people to buy houses to satisfy their desires to own a home. Therefore, Dewan’s article indicates that people’s purchasing power is on the rise in New York. Consequently, it shows that the ela