ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The name ‘Middle East’ is a common name for everyone, yet it is not understood in full by most people around the world. The name ‘Middle East’ needs to be clearly defined worldwide because of the controversy that the name ‘Middle East’ evokes among the people. In fact, it is thought by some people that such name as the Middle East does not exist. Therefore, to prove the existence of the ‘Middle East’, several questions have to be answered as well as identify those who named the place, and the reasons behind its naming. This paper is, therefore, an in-depth analysis of the ‘Middle East’, by trying to give reasons and justifications of its naming. Later in the paper, the effects of holding the name will be discussed with more emphasis on how it affects the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) states. Several years ago, such names as “Near East” and ‘The West’ were given to the place currently known as the Middle East. Normally, geographical locations are used in defining and naming various regions. However, the naming of the Middle East has proved to be difficult even with geographical locations. Geographically, the Middle East is located in the Southwestern part of Asia and in the North Eastern side of Africa (Bilgin, 2004, p.27). This area lies in between Europe and East Asia commonly referred to as the Far East. As such, it includes nations such as Cyprus, Gaza, Israel, Iran, Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Iran, and other nations in the Arabian Peninsula including Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, along with Yemen. This list of countries making up the ‘Middle East’ is not conclusive because different writers and historians have different thoughts regarding the number of countries to be included in that list. For instance, some have included Egypt and Libya in the Middle East nations, while others have omitted these countries. One would wonder why there has been the cause of disagreement in the term ‘Middle East’ for such a long time. As such, most international organizations have campaigned for the acceptance of the name ‘Middle East’ given its familiarity among people. On the other hand, there are those who claim that the name of the place is purely symbolic. Hence, another name should be adopted to replace the name ‘Middle East’. The research done indicates that nations located in the Middle East suffer from economic and social effects because of the fact that the ‘Middle East’ is associated with the Arab World, as such, all countries that are united by one name are thought to be of the Arabic culture (Essaid, 2009, p.1). Nevertheless, this is not true because there are other countries associated with the ‘Middle East’ but that are not of Arabic culture. It is interesting to note that the term is also misunderstood even by the people who are living in the region (Essaid, 2009, p.1). Many writers and historians have tried to popularize the term ‘Middle East’ in a bid to have it globally accepted. Among numerous writers is Alfred Thayer whose article popularized ‘Middle East’ in the year 1902. His intention was strategic since most of the super power nations, such as Great Britain and the Un
A Summary of the Business Plan   * Chevere Team-C Cuisine operates in the fine dining industry, serving exotic foods from Latin countries.   * Chevere Team-C cuisine is to be located in Riverwalk, San Antonio, which is frequented by about 2.5million tourists and visitors annually.   * Riverwalk, San Antonio is dotted with restaurants, entertainment spots, parks, shops and other social spots. This presentation is a business proposal to launch Chevere Team-C restaurant in Riverwalk, San Antonio. The business plan is supported by the great potential of the area and the dynamic market that exists in the same place. This presentation will address several issues of the business plan, including the marketing plan, operation plan, and financial plan. Finally, we will see that Chevere Team-C cuisine stands a good chance of succeeding in its target market. What Chevere Team-C Cuisine Restaurant Intends to Achieve   * To be the best and most unique Latin restaurant in the food industry.   * To provide high quality food at affordable prices.   * To provide friendly customer service.   * To empower the community through profit maximization. A SWOT Analysis of Chevere Team-C Cuisine Restaurant   * Strengths;   * Weaknesses;   * Opportunities;   * Threats. The SWOT analysis study will be crucial to this business proposal because we will see how Chevere Team-C cuisine can take advantage of its strengths to entrench itself in the market, and how it can overcome its weaknesses to be successful in the same market. Moreover, the opportunities and threats to be analyzed will be crucial in analyzing the business’s potential for growth. What advantages do Chevere Restaurant have over its Competitors?   * Has a Multi-Latin cuisine which is fresh to the market.   * Offers high quality foods at an affordable price.   * Has a competent and friendly staff.   * Offers a unique restaurant ambience.   * Is located in a vibrant location (Riverwalk, San Antonio) that supports restaurant growth. Weaknesses of Chevere Restaurant, Compared to its Competitors   * Restaurant is new to the area.   * Limited startup funds.   * Existing competition in the market which offers Latin cuisine.   * Restaurant lacks name recognition in the market. Opportunities for Chevere Restaurant to Grow   * Offers customers a chance to experience great cuisine from different Latin countries (Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Peru & Argentina) in a new state-of-the-art restaurant offering a great dining experience.   * Offers customer a great menu selection at affordable prices, providing spending-conscious consumers a place to dine. The opportunity for innovating new products and services will cut a mark above Chevere’s competitors because this opportunity is limitless. Chevere is therefore bound to have an arr
Introduction Bone star hotel is located in Namistan in the Middle East. The company merged with Krieg Corporation in 2001. However, Krieg Corporation took a majority shareholding in the company. Krieg Davis did not have much information about the company’s performance at the time of the acquisition. Steve Mackenzie was the appointed auditor of the company’s financial performance. The matters that arise from that audit forms the basis of this synopsis. According to the information gathered and matters drawn from the audit engagement, Bone star limited is subject to critical analysis. Although the management and staff of bone star limited did not fully cooperate with Mackenzie, the limited information gathered from the information is useful for critical evaluation of the external and internal environments of the company. Pert Analysis Before the acquisition of bone star limited by Krieg Davis in 2001, Namistan had experienced relative peace and tranquillity since the company broke away from the Soviet Union. The political environment at the time of acquisition is, therefore, right for business. Being in the hospitality industry the political environment is paramount to the success of the company. During its heyday, the company was a force to reckon within the hospitality industry but at the time of its acquisition, the company had been registering very low occupancy levels that may question its viability as an investment powerhouse. In the post-independence period, the company experienced a high turnover level of managers that may indicate changes in the regulatory environment of the firm. The economic environment of the firm at the time of acquisition was ideal for business. The GDP of Namistan was on an increase and the nation had begun to attract foreign investors. Economic reforms and a good harvest meant that the people had more disposable income. With a population of 1.5 million people in the capital city of Elhan, the hospitality industry was not short of customers. Krieg Corporation is a multinational company in Berlin, Germany whose main objective was to acquire underperforming companies to refurbish and renovate them in an attempt to exploit their full potential. Bone star limited forms a good target for the company. Favorable social, political, and economic factors make it a perfect company for acquisition. Mismanagement and failure to embrace technology are responsible for the company’s slump in performance and not external factors, which are beyo
With the economy of the world headed for shambles, there are many negative events that are associated with the phenomenon. This includes work lay offs, skyrocketing food prices, inflation of prices in everything, a cut in budget especially for luxurious stuff in order to allocate more money on the most necessary basic needs like food and shelter. These negative episodes of life carry with them different repercussions on human life. This includes diseases like depression. As people continue feeling the weight of the economic burden and getting no signs of a reprieve any soon, they tend to develop a bleak picture of their lives and eventually end up into depression. There have been speculations that media contributes highly in the formation of depression in human beings. Several researches have been carried out to prove this statement so as to get a way in solving it. Though a debate rages on whether the speculations are true, a deep insight on the theories of depression can help one come up with an accurate decision on whether media can cause depression or not. This coupled up with the researches carried out by experts give a reason to argue that media plays a great role in the promotion of depression in human beings. Several theories have been put up to try and explain the causes of depression. These theories try to explain the way the human brain works in different circumstances and under different environmental conditions and the symptoms associated with it. One of the theories that explain depression is Beck and Young’s cognitive triad of depression (Tyler parag. 10). In this theory, depression occurs when an individual starts developing a picture of himself, the environment and the future as negative. When one starts viewing himself as inadequate, not lovable, deficient and worthless, he is said to be in the first component of the cognitive triad of depression. Other components of the cognitive triad of depression are the aspect of seeing the environment as overwhelming and that one is too small to make an impact and also seeing the future as bleak and hopeless. When one sees the future to contain no remedy to hi s current problems, he is likely to develop depression symptoms. Lack of reinforcements in one’s behavior can lead to depression. This occurs when one finds no gratification or positive outcomes in whatever he does in life. It is natural that a human being wants the world to appreciate what he does and acknowledge the effort that he has used to achieve it. Whenever one does exemplary actions to an unresponsive environment, he tends to becomes isolated and depressed. This behavioral approach to depression gives three problems that lead to depression. The first one is when the depressed person finds all the activities and events very boring and non gratifying. This makes him not stay idle something that will directly promote depression. Secondly, the depressed person might find himself in an environment that offers no reinforcement in whatever action taken by the depressed. This means that the depressed
Introduction The current paper will delve into a unique brand of creation, the young and foreign subculture. The young generation is forever a subculture, no matter what and how they dress, how they speak and react with society, and how they want to be regarded as “new” members of an ever changing world. The subject for the photo under consideration is the young generation with its unique brand of dressing and interacting; the young who live in a foreign land, who, along with their kindred, have migrated into a changing and sophisticated society such as England. Research Our research uses as basis Hebdige’s findings whose work Subculture: The Meaning of Style (1979) is a classics that should be a part of any cultural studies. As Pitre says, One cannot fully grasp Hebdige’s ideas and arguments without at least a basic understanding of the schools of thought in which he was educated. Cultural Studies, also known as the Birmingham School, was conceived in a Britain emerging from the industrial revolution. The School drew on a combination of anthropology, history, literary criticism and theory, Marxism, media studies, semiotics, structuralism, as well as sociology, especially the Chicago and Frankfurt Schools. (Pitre, 2003 p. 9) Hebdige is not the only author who provided a broad study of different subjects. In his work Subculture: The Fragmentation of the Social (2005) Jenks defines subculture as ‘a group, an enclave, a cult or a distraction of antithetical values that are expressions of either frustrations with or interventions into the dominant structure of legitimation and control within society’ (p. 7) This author also investigates concepts of subculture, the history of this phenomenon, and summarizes the achievements of different researchers. The works mentioned above confirm that every society has a subculture. We usually have this particular group because this phenomenon is an expression of a group of people, especially the young, who want to rebel or express their feelings against the established norms of the society they live in. Young people express their views and feelings in a very emotional way that differs throughout generations. The young and the fashionists, the in thing, the lifestyle, are among a few of our present day subculture. They are distinct, easily recognized by the way they dress, act, and mingle with society. They are different but not separate from the rest of society. According to Pitre, Hebdige defined subculture as “equated with cultivation, refinement and a standard of excellence… and the other notion of culture is more generally based on it being a ‘whole way of life.’” (Pitre, 2003 p. 11) Hebdige (1979) carefully described fashion and the young generation of the late 1980s. The chick thing is to dress in expensive tailor-made rags and all the queens are camping about in wild-boy drag. There are Bowery suits that appear to be stained with urine and vomit which on closer inspection turn out to be intricate embroideries of fine gold thread. There are clochard suits of the finest linen, shabby gentility suits… felt hats seasoned by old junkies … loud cheap pimp suits that turn out to be not so c
Intorduction Hong Kong came up as a coastal island located in the Southern part of China, having begun fishing as the main economic activity and it later engaging in salt manufacturing and trading. It later emerged to be one of the most strategic military ports in Asia. These factors made Hong Kong to flourish so much that it became one of the most flourishing economies enjoying a very high GDP. It also engaged in an active trade with China where it accounted for about a third of the total exports in the country (Ingham 234). The archeological discoveries date to about three hundred centuries back when tools made of stones that were used during the Old Stone Age were discovered in Sai Tung and Wong Tei Tung. Religious artifacts have also been found in the region but recently, some findings were made that suggested that Wong Tei Tung could have been one of the earliest settlements in Hong Kong. This paper will discuss the surrender or handover of Hong Kong during the 20 th century and its effect on the economic and social development of the country. Main body Hong Kong was included in the Oin dynasty of China in 221BC-206Bc and it was strongly established under the governance of Nanyue. Archeologists also excavated the tomb at Lei Cheng UK in order to assess the possibility of salt mining having taken place in the region. China also used the Tai Po Hoi Sea to search for pearl and this is dated back to the Han and Ming dynasties between 1368 and 1644 (Ingham 234). The Guangdong region of China greatly flourished during the Tang Dynasty and grew up to become an elaborate trade center. The Tuen Mun region, forming part of the new territories in Hong Kong, acted as a seaport nautical base, a salt manufacturing center and also served as a major region where pearls were hunted. In 1276, the Mongols invaded Southern Song Dynasty thereby making the court to be transferred to Fujan, later to Lantau and finally it got established in Kowloon. During this period, there was a significant rise in the population of Hong Kong as a large number of immigrants entered it from China where they were escaping war, unemployment and hunger. Most people depended on fishing, pearl hunting and salt production as a source of livelihood. During this time, a number of people constructed walls around villages for protection purposes. Oing Dynasty was the last to be involved with Hong Kong, since later, Hong Kong became colonized by Britain and a lot of attention around the world was turned to it (Ingham 244). At the start of the 19 th century, the British Empire was importing tea from China while exporting watches, clocks and the likes, but since China was in need of enormous
People are refusing to get vaccinated and vaccinate their children with increasing frequency, which is related to many factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) has changed its guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination (WHO, 2021). If earlier it opposed vaccinations for children, then in the new version of the document, the organization advises for vaccinating children, but after the vaccine is received by risk groups, including the elderly, health workers, and people with chronic diseases. For children over 12 years of age, WHO recommends the use of the Pfizer / BionTech vaccine (WHO, 2021). Children and adolescents tend to be milder than adults, so unless they are in a group with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. They need to be vaccinated less urgently than the elderly, people with chronic diseases, and medical workers. Hence, children should be vaccinated as well, as long as appropriate health organizations recommend doing so and assure the safety of the vaccination. Although, in general, the experience of past epidemics suggests that mandatory vaccination can be an effective means of combating the coronavirus pandemic, there are too many additional uncertainties to state this for sure – or even make sufficiently confident predictions. The demand of the US authorities in 1905 for compulsory vaccination was recognized as legal and fair since a person’s refusal to vaccinate puts at risk not only himself but also those around him. Thus, mass vaccination benefits society and the court ruled that in the name of the common good, the freedom of any person can be subjected to all sorts of restrictions (Opel et al., 2021). As the proportion of the vaccinated population grew, outbreaks of dangerous diseases there gradually faded away – until, at some point, the pendulum of history swung in the opposite direction. People who had never seen a single real epidemic in their lives began to fear the side effects of vaccines more than the diseases them
When talking about Haruki Murakami’s book What I Talk about When I Talk about Running, published in 2009, the first particular element that has to be reviewed is the author’s engagement in his discussions. He is rather careful in terms of describing running experiences and the impact of runs on creativity. Murakami’s words are exceptionally believable because the whole book is rather personal and includes a variety of instances where the author shared his ideas about the world. Being an introvert, he had the opportunity to display attitude toward running and writing via verbatim presentations. Therefore, all of the contents of the book are believable and have to be considered evidence supporting the fact that runs are remarkably important for sparking one’s inner energy. Looking into the overall contents of What I Talk about When I Talk about Running , it feels like the book is a nearly perfect literary entry that includes information from verifiable sources only. Thus, there is no need to include any more documented sources, as Murakami (2009) had already done that and provided the readers with enough background evidence. One of the key conditions described by the author is that one should figure out what they are meant to do before it gets too late to act. This is why he says that “emotional hurt is the price a person has to pay in order to be independent” (Murakami, 2009, p. 18). When talking about running, Murakami does not show off his running skills or a strong will, as his only intention is to motivate the readers to do something that suits them. To my mind, a standard journalistic approach would not work for What I Talk about When I Talk about Running because Murakami is a master at creating powerful verbatim descriptions and not an analysis of evidence. Therefore, I prefer Murakami’s approach over its straightforward journalistic counterpart that is definitely not as gracious and exquisite. When the author adds direct quotes to his book, he tries to make sure that the fundamental message of the book resonates with the audience on every level of perception. Murakami (2009) creates an image that makes his experiences even more believable when information from other sources but the author transpires in front of the readers. There are not a lot of sensory details throughout the book, but the author tries to add them only to amplify the effects of his story to motivate the audience to find their true selves. Throughout What I Talk about When I Talk about Running , Murakami’s (2009) key source of inspiration is the ability to share his own arguments and thoug
Characterized as a teleological theory, utilitarianism is used to test the morality of an action based on its consequences, but not its motives. This theory is premised on the principle of maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. The rightness of an action is therefore justified if it results into maximizing human welfare (Singer 325–337). Utilitarianism is composed of two broad features, i.e., act-utilitarianism and hedonistic utilitarianism. These features were created because of research studies done by Jeremy Bentham. Act-utilitarianism involves ascertaining the morality or immorality of each action by tallying the consequences, one after the other. On the other hand, if our concern in determining the morality of our actions relies exclusively on pain and pleasure as our consequences, then the theory is known as hedonistic utilitarianism (Regan 202– 210). According to Singer, the link between vegetarianism and utilitarianism is enshrined in the principle of equality of interests. Within this principle, it is presupposed that all beings, irrespective of their species, are supposed to receive equal consideration in the event that they are subjected to the same action. Since nonhuman animals have moral standing and can experience pain and pleasure like human beings, it is against the principle of equality of interests to feed on them (Singer 325–337). The equality being considered in this case is of a morality nature and the abilities of the entities are inco