ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Being a judge is never an easy task. You have to make sure that you don’t take sides during the hearing of the case. You also have to make sure you listen keenly to the case as presented before you. You should give both sides equal opportunities to argue out their case and bring aboard any witness that may be relevant. Every person according to the constitution is entitled to a fair hearing in a court of law. The most important thing is to make sure you give fair judgement according to the law. It is important to always observe the rule of law and uphold the constitution at all times. Scenario one In this scenario we find that a supervisor by the name of Justin Ames has been making sexual advances towards an employee by the name Anita Mills. However, instead of seeking legal advice or reporting James Ames to the relevant authorities, Anita Mills decides to consult a supervisor by the name Anna Flores. Anna Flores advices Anita Mills not to report the incident and is able to convince her that it will all go away with time. However, things get worse when Anita mills goes to be reviewed. She is accompanied by Anna Flores who acts as an observer during the review process. However, this does not make matters better as Justin Ames goes ahead and gives Anita Mills a negative rating. This annoys Anita Mills and she decides to take legal action. If I were a judge in a court of law, I would carefully look into the case with the seriousness it deserves. Sexual harassment is banned in the workplace by the laws of the country (Mello 2006). In this case it is evident James Ames is victimizing Anita Mills because she refused to give into his advances. He also does this partly because Anita Mills did not take any action when he first made his advances. It is evident that Anita Mills has been under stress. She even takes a day off to go see a therapist. In this case the company would not win. There is substantial evidence that shows that James has been sexually harassing Anita Mills and further victimizing her by not giving her a fair review. Scenario two In this case, manager Pete Bartel is dismissed by human resource manager Frank Framer on grounds that he his performance has been wanting. Pete Bartel has not met his targets for some time. He attributes this to the ever rising cost of raw materials. Pete Bartel argues out that he should have been given a warning according to the company’s policy before being dismissed. However, Frank argues that the company had put him on probation the first time he had failed to meet his targets. Contracts are legally binding documents between an employer and employee. It is evident that Pete Bartel has not been performing as required. But before the company can dismiss him, they have to follow due process. In this case, Pete Bartel should have been given several warnings before being dismissed. This is clearly stated in the manager’s workbook one the policies of the company. The company has breached
American history during the colonial times has mainly focused on the thirteen states that were under British colonization that later came to form the United States of America. These thirteen states included Pennsylvania, Delaware, Georgia, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New York, Virginia, Rhode Island, North and South Carolina, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. These colonies claimed their independence from British colonization during the American Revolution which was viewed to be an Anglo-centric approach that shaped the history of the United States. The story that follows the American Revolution has created several distortions over what happened during the past two centuries (Taylor xv). One of these distortions was that colonial historians could not differentiate the legitimate areas that fell under British colonization. These areas until recently have been identified to be the eastern seaboard of North America between Maine and Florida. Colonial history was therefore based on geographical areas that were seen to be relevant in explaining the history of America. The second distortion was that many of the thirteen states that fell under British colonization were neglected when it came to compiling historical information. This neglect not only applied to the indigenous inhabitants of America but also to immigrants such as Africans and Europeans that were within the U.S. during that time. Other areas that were neglected included the eastern part of North America, Canada, the West Indies and Latin America (Taylor xv). The British colonization of America began during the 16 th and 17 th century. These British colonialists were from different parts of England and they had different sets of beliefs when it came to religion, and culture. They also had different reasons for migrating to America with colonialists who settled in New England running away from the religious persecution that was taking place in England during that time. The emigrants who settled in the South had moved from England in search of better land to conduct their farming activities and also take advantage of the unutilized land in the states that formed Chesapeake to create wealth for themselves (Rushforth and Mapp ix) In 1700, the migration differences together with the different religious and cultural divisions led to the formation of Chesapeake and New England. Chesapeake or the Southern part of America was made of Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania while Northern part of America also known as New England was made up of Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Massachusetts (Taylor 139). The New England colonialists also referred to as the Puritan separatists were focused on the community, religion, shared values and beliefs while the Chesapeake British colonialists were focused on creating wealth by growing tobacco, mining for gold and trading with the Native Americans for food or money (Taylor 160). Madison’s distinction of the two areas as highlighted by Taylor was evidenced when he noted that the British colonialists had instituted a policy in 1617 referred to as the head rig
It is normal to experience mood changes throughout the day. In high mood, one may feel happy and energized while in low mood one may feel sad and inactive. To a normal person, the mood changes do not get out of control; one is able to have a balance between the high and low moods. Unlike normal people, people with Bipolar disorder experience extreme and sustaining mood changes that interfere with their lives (Smith, Segal and Segal par 3). The extreme mood swings experienced by Bipolar disorder patients lead to severe psychological distress that makes it impossible for the patients to lead normal lives. Also referred to as Manic Depression or Bipolar Affective Disorder, Bipolar disorder is categorized as one of the serious mood disorders. The mood disorder is characterized by extremely high (manic or hypomanic) and unusual depression states that last for days or weeks. Bipolar disorder can lead to very severe effects if not treated. Mood swings resulting from the disorder can affect school or job performance, break relationships or even lead to suicide. Pharmacotherapy and psychological therapy are the treatment options that are found to be most effective with Bipolar disorder patients. As aforementioned, Bipolar disorder has great effects on normal functioning of the patients. The sad thing about Bipolar disorder is that it tends to be a life time problem and getting an effective treatment is a challenge. However, early diagnosis and treatment of the disorder lead to positive results. Use of medication is the common option for treating Bipolar disorder (Smith, Segal and Segal par 14). Medications referred to as ‘mood stabilizers’ are used to counter mood swings and reduce the symptoms of the disorder. Use of mood stabilizers for on a long-term basis is known to have positive results on Bipolar disorder patients. However, since patients respond differently to mood stabilizers, different medication should be tried in order to come up with the best combination for a particular patient (Sachs, et al. 9). For effective treatment, mood stabilizers are used with combination of antidepressants and anticonvulsants. The mood stabilizer that is found to be most effective with most Bipolar disorder patients is Lithium (Sachs, et al. 9). The mood stabilizer is used together with anticonvulsants such as Carbamazepine, Valproic acid and Lamotrigine. The effective combination of medications has to be used for a long time in order to prevent reoccurrence of the mood changes. Many Bipolar disorder patients however tend to default medication. It is therefore advisable for Bipolar disorder patients to continue with their medications even when they feel as if they are cured. Although medications provide the most immediate intervention to Bipolar disorder, they do not completely cure the disorder but manage it. In addition to medications, a Bipolar disorder patient has to adopt a lifestyle that supports wellness. Though medications
Marie Curie was born Marie Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland on November 7, 1867 (Caluraud, 2013). During that time, Sir Alexander the Second eliminated any form of resistance in Poland and proclaimed Russian as the official language. As a result, Russian teachers and civil servants took the Pole’s jobs (Caluraud, 2013). Curie’s father, Wladyslaw was a mathematics and physics teacher. He read banned Polish literature and the works of Dickens to his children. Her mother, Bronislawa was also a teacher and a headmistress at a girl’s private school. She suffered from tuberculosis, and Marie could not understand why she could not embrace or kiss her (Caluraud, 2013). Her death was a big blow to the family, and Marie had a difficult time grieving her. At the age of 10, her father enrolled her in a girls’ school. Her best subjects were history, literature, and French. After graduating from high school, she joined a university where she pursued clandestine studies. At the time, it was unthinkable for a girl to pursue a career in science. Therefore, she had to craft a plan with her sister Bronia. She worked as a housekeeper for five years in order to enable her elder sister to complete her medical studies, and offer financial assistance to her father (Caluraud, 2013). Marie’s plan with her sister Bronia went as planned. When she went to France to study, her sister, who was now married, offered support to ensure that she survived and passed her examinations (Caluraud, 2013). At the time, women in France were perceived as second-class human beings; unreasonable, ignorant, fit only for child-bearing, and taking care of their families. Physics, biology, Greek and Latin were reserved for boys (Caluraud, 2013). However, foreign students were an exception. Girls were mainly allowed to pursue practical courses. In 1891, Marie was the first woman to pass her entrance exams at the faculty of physics and chemistry. This was a great achievement as the university was dominated by men. She received financial support from her sister and brother-in-law. However, life was very difficult for her. Despite the numerous hardships she encountered, Marie graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree in Physics in 1893 (Caluraud, 2013). She was awarded a research contract in Gabriel Lippmann’s industrial laboratory. While working at the laboratory, she continued with her education at the university, and graduate with a Bachelor’s Degree in Mathematics in 1894 (Caluraud, 2013). Marie was very focused on her work and education. As a result, she declined
A nurse doesn’t only provide nursing care. She also, in some cases, has to teach her patient and/or her patient’s relatives the basic nursing care needed to be perceived especially in the absence of a health care provider. It is a challenging experience for a nurse to give health teaching to an Alzheimer’s patient because these patients are totally disoriented and confused about the current setting, and have speech difficulties (Russell, et al, 2007). This tells us that the possibility of a successful health education for an Alzheimer’s patient is a few percent lesser than a teaching plan for a patient without mental and psychological disturbances. That’s why it is important for us to assess first our patient, to know what, where and how to start conducting our teaching plan for them. Assessment of Learner The learner or the subject of this teaching plan is an Alzheimer’s patient with diabetes mellitus. He is 55-year-old man suffering from early stage or mild Alzheimer’s disease. His symptoms are: minor cognition and memory alteration as evidenced by confabulation (filling in memory gap), minor anterograde amnesia (forgets recent memory) and retrograde amnesia (forgets distant memory), and loss of orientation to some daily tasks like peeling an apple or changing a television channel. He also has communication problems, as evidenced by difficulty speaking and understanding complex instructions/materials (Russell, et al, 2007). It is important to give health teaching to an Alzheimer’s patient with diabetes mellitus about diabetic glucose monitoring because Insulin metabolism is important for proper central nervous system functions because it acts on the neural impulse transfer, which affects the person’s sensory and motor abilities (Sabayan, et al, 2007), and through his independence in monitoring his blood glucose level, he will be able to help himself in getting reoriented with reality, practice performing his usual daily activities and watch his diet out to decrease elevation of blood glucose level. Before conducting the teaching plan, the patient was assessed of his orientation to reality; when asked “Do you know where you are?” and “What time is it?” the patient responded correctly but it took him 2 minutes before he was able to answer my questions. His level of understanding was tested when he was asked, “If you are able to understand me, can you tell me why you need to monitor your blood glucose?” and answered that he needed the test to know if he’s gone beyond is allowable blood glucose level. His memory was tested when he was asked, “Can you tell me again where we are and what time it is?” and replied the same answer he gave me earlier. After these preliminary patient assessments, we we
Introduction A philosophical narrative represents the possibilities of a new approach to a problem and its solution. The concept of narrative itself became widely used in public knowledge about half a century ago. Still, the question of integrating narrative into modernity, and especially into religious representations, remains relevant. In Narrative Philosophy of Religion: Apologetic and Pluralistic Orientations , M. Burley examines the phenomenon of ‘narrative’ in religion: in particular, the two types of orientations that can be applied to it. The author draws attention to the differences in these orientations and supports his position with examples from different narrative sources. Burley offers a new understanding of the religious narrative, so interest in his work is justified. An analytical review of his position is part of an understanding of the philosophical narrative of religion. Overview of the Article The article is divided into several logical parts, each presenting an argument for the author’s position. In the first argument, Burley explains the emergence of narrative as a style and its value and contribution to the development of interpersonal communication. Moreover, the author draws attention to the fact that narrative can deepen the debate about understanding the purposes of philosophy as a science. Then he uses several individuals as allies: E. Stump, S. Sutherland, and W.D. O’Flaherty. Through the lens of their analysis of the philosophy of religion, Burley assesses apologetic and pluralistic principles in the narrative. The author identifies two goals in his work: first, to determine the contribution of narrative to religious possibilities; second, to distinguish between the two orientations. It is evident how close the author is to the second orientation, about multiple approaches and diversity of opinion. However, Burley’s style is analytical, rigorous, and without subjective evaluation, making the article an exciting subject for reasoning and critical analysis of arguments. The Analyses This part is devo
Abstract Contract cheating denotes the payment of a third party by students to do academic tasks in their place. This research paper elucidates the prevalence of the application of technology by students in cheating and possible prevention measures. Social media sites help students to acquire and share information concerning the availability of contract cheaters. This research utilizes the primary approach of collecting data and the qualitative method of data analysis. Information was sought from students and educators at the University of Campinas in Brazil. 78 participants took part in the study by responding to open-ended interview questions. Contract cheating presents a great problem to academic integrity. Female students have a higher chance of hiring people to complete assignments and research tasks on their behalf than male learners. Contract cheating will be eliminated effectively through enhanced awareness of its negative effects on students’ present academic life and future professional practice. Introduction Technology, for instance, social media, has led to students cheating and hiring individuals online to do their research in addition to multiple-choice examinations and quizzes. Contract cheating happens where learners decide to pay a third party to do assessable tasks on their behalf. Although it is not a new happening, most students and teachers concur that there has been an international increase in the use of technology to cheat in examinations by learners across all disciplines (Sobaih, Moustafa, Ghandforoush, & Khan, 2016). This has increased the extent of community anxiety regarding the credibility of higher education qualifications, students’ ethics, excellence, academic integrity, and the worth of research and e-learning. Of vital concern is the rise of marketing-savvy business providers who pelt learners with their advances in social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter over and above other advertising forums and online sites under the guise of providing academic services. This paper discusses the prevalence and avoidance of the use of technology in cheating in research and other examinable tasks. Despite having some limitations, increased awareness, student verification, and authorship assessment systems are beneficial in the promotion of learners’ ethics and academic integrity by preventing the use of technology to cheat in examinations. Literature Review Cheating and hiring individuals online to carry out students’ research, assignments, and multiple-choice examinations vary from traditional plagiarism since learners do not just copy and paste content. Instead, students are choosing to pay for non-plagiarized (unique) content. Such cheating produces work that is custom-written to the expectations of students, for instance, by effectively adhering to in
Abstract Human emotions, feelings of anger, and health are interconnected. This means that people should be able to manage stress if they want to live longer and achieve their potential. This paper begins by analyzing the major issues or aspects associated with human emotions. People who are aware of their poignant experiences will manage them effectively using evidence-based measures. The discussion goes further to examine the connection between stress and health. The final section examines various practices and ideas that individuals can consider to cope with anger and eventually record positive health results. Introduction Human beings experience different forms of emotions depending on the situations they are in. Such feelings are usually capable of affecting every person’s performance or achievement. Stress also affects people negatively, thereby making it impossible for them to achieve their goals. Managing it can result in positive health outcomes. This paper focuses on the issues of stress, health, and emotions. Meaningful insights are presented that can empower more people to lead high-quality and healthy lives. Emotion Cognition and Emotion Arousal and expressive behaviors in emotion interact uniquely. According to James-Lange theory, arousal will arise before an emotion (Myers, 2011). This will trigger expressive behaviors that are associated with physiological responses. For human beings to experience emotions, they must interpret the existing situation consciously and label them (Myers, 2011). This means that individuals will be physically aroused. Embodied Emotion The link between emotional arousal and the autonomous nervous system is what scientists call embodied emotion. This means that any form of arousal will automatically result in a psychological response. This is something associated with or caused by the body’s autonomous nervous system (Toussaint, Shields, Dorn, & Slavish, 2016). Arousal will affect an individual’s performance negatively. For example, a person who is about to give a public speech will be unable to deliver once he or she is aroused emotionally. All emotions do not trigger similar physiological and brain-pattern responses. A study by Toussaint et al. (2016) revealed that the cortical areas of the brain were responsible for diverse emotional and physiological responses. This means that strong emotions will trigger complex brain patterns and physiological responses due to the nature of hormones the body releases. Polygraphs have been in use to measure physiological responses of emotion. However, they are not very reliable when detecting lies. This is the reason why guilty questions are used as alternatives. Expressed Emotion Human beings communicate nonverbally through several voluntary or involuntary ways, including dressing, construction, writing, paralanguage, and gestures. This approach ensures that people share adequate information and ideas. Women and men differ in this aspect. This is true since females are talented as natural communicators (Toussaint et al., 2016). This happens to be the case