ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Theodore Dalrymple, in his work “The Frivolity of Evil”, argues that most of the misfortunes that people face throughout life arise from the realization of the consequences of the actions. The author points to the ever-increasing number of social grievances in Britain. Even though their scale is comparatively smaller than in other countries, they are the leading cause of most citizens’ suffering. Dalrymple supports his opinion by providing his working experience as a psychiatrist in a local prison and hospital, where he used to communicate with criminals or victims of certain crimes personally. The author’s main argument is that the lack of responsibility for individual behavior leads to social problems. As mentioned earlier, Dalrymple’s main argument is that people consciously engage in activities that will lead them to suffer. Despite the understanding of all the negative consequences of their actions, some members of society deliberately spoil their own lives and those of other people. Each person has the right to make their own decision. Respectively, the choice between positive and negative consequences becomes the personal responsibility of each individual. The actions that cause the suffering are represented by three main themes repeated throughout the text. These include self-centeredness, lack of a moral code and ethics, and public acceptance of this kind of action. In support of his arguments, the author gives examples from his professional practice. Moreover, he points to events taking place in the UK and draws the reader’s attention to their impact. For a more detailed analysis of current social events and identifying a cause-and-effect relationship between the author’s arguments, it is worth considering one of the e
Introduction Published in 1963, the book Cat’s Cradle is a must-read satirical chef-d’oeuvre by Kurt Vonnegut that strategically presents the technological changes of the time, the scientific innovations, the armed race between the west and Russia, and more importantly, a satire on religion. Kurt Vonnegut’s satire on religion exposes its absurd nature and lies by using fictional characters. The setting is also a fictional country, the Republic of San Lorenzo that is complete with its own capital, Bolivar, and a national anthem. The essay looks at the book in details in an attempt to highlight how existential absurdism is expressed throughout the publication. Existential Absurdism The title of the book is an expression of existential absurdism. In the book, the narrator and writer demonstrate how a very popular game for keeping kids busy was not realistic. The game with the name cat’s cradle involves adults or playmates making shapes with a string in between their fingers. The author describes that there is neither a cat nor a cradle in the game but rather a long-standing lie and absurdity. He goes ahead to demonstrate more absurdities in the book in a way that people are not aware in literature. Normal activities are criticized in a hilarious way. The reader can reflect some of these episodes in his/her normal days. The book presents a person called Jonah who is the narrator of the story. The author describes how he began writing a factual book since his early days. The book was about what some citizens of America did when the first atomic bomb was dropped in Japan, a case that is consistent with the setting of the time when the book was written. The author bases the book on the post-war period and the cold war, which were going on between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and America. It is clear that the narrator likes the form of government existing in some of the dictatorship and socialist countries such as Cuba and the Soviet Republics. The book was based on his religion, which was at the time Christianity and later Bokonism. At the time of writing, the dominant religion was Christianity with few other religions taking shape. In the book, a fictional religion called Bokonism is proposed, which appears to ridicule other religions. It is based on lies following its deception of the common person and promises, which are never fulfilled. The religion in this book however makes this acceptable by informing its leaders that whatever is written in it is totally a lie. The first satire in the book on religion occurs where the narrator describes that Bokonism would have been his choice of religion if he had known about its lies. He qualifies this claim by stating the first statement of the book, which describes everything in it as a lie. Another ironic thing in the book is the character of the person who is described as being a pioneer in the atomic bomb. He narrator portrays him as one who never cares about his family, wealth, or anything in his environment except his innovations and inventions despite
Medicinal extrapyramidal disorders are common in clinical practice. They are usually caused by side effects of drugs that disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters, mainly altering the activity of dopaminergic systems and the functional state of dopamine receptors. Antipsychotics block the dopamine receptors, thus, they are the first among other psychiatric drugs to cause extrapyramidal symptoms. According to Boloc et al. (2018), “acute EPS constitutes a complex phenotype including several syndromes: akathisia; acute dystonia; and parkinsonism” (p. 1). A fairly detailed assessment of hyperkinetic disorders can be carried out using the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS). The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is also often used to diagnose and differentiate between extrapyramidal symptoms through the assessment of a patient’s movements. Both first- and second-generation antipsychotics can cause extrapyramidal symptoms equally. For example, the use of Trifluoperazine or Haloperidol often leads to the development of parkinsonism syndrome, while Metoclopramide and Flunarizine are much less likely to cause it. Neuroleptic parkinsonism is a collective name for a variety of extrapyramidal symptoms, and it usually occurs more often in persons over 40 years of age and is less common in men than in women. However, unlike actual Parkinson’s disease, the tremor caused by these antipsychotics is symmetrical. Usually, for correction of this side effect, M-anticholinergics are used. The malignant neuroleptic syndrome is another, although rare complication of antipsychotic therapy. In its mechanism lies the blockade of dopamine receptors in the striatum and hypothalamus. The syndrome usually develops in the first days of treatment or after a sharp increase in the dose of Chlorpromazine or Fluphenazine. Quetiapine and Olanzapine are not likely to cause this severe side effect. Most often, the syndrome occurs in young men with the use of long-acting antipsychotics. Treatment guidelines prescribe infusion therapy which is aimed at correcting homeostasis parameters and, first of all, water-electrolyte balance.
Cloning is a scientific term referring to the scientific process of the method of replication of genes, and human cloning is also known as the Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) (Pakhare, 2007). There are diverse views on the issue of acceptance of human cloning, which has given rise to an ongoing debate in the global community. Those who oppose the cloning of humans are concerned over the issue of the health of women, considering the large number of eggs that would be required for the process of human cloning and affirm the interference this would have on the natural process of human growth and development. Proponents of cloning affirm that new ray of hope to childless couples, who can successfully have children, genetically and biologically related to them. The debate has attracted the attention of not only the scientific community but has garnered opponents and proponents from the educational, political, and religious communities as well. While the researcher aims to project both sides of the argument, the crucial aim would be to endorse the view that human cloning should be allowed selectively. The researcher aims to propose that human cloning could have advantages as well as disadvantages; as such, it should be selectively permitted in cases where there is the unavailability of any other treatment or cure in sight. The basic argument of the opponents of human cloning is the premise that SCNT is an inefficient technique for the cloning of ‘embryos’ (Norsigian, 2005). Women would be required in huge numbers to produce the eggs, which could result in the exploitation of their health as medication to increase egg production could prove hazardous to their health and may prove a risk to their lives. Kass (1997) debates that cloning would result in the “commodification” of human beings where there would be a greater choice of traits and characteristics that would be preferred during the process of cloning. It is argued that human cloning is considered a threat to human ‘dignity as cloning could result in the fabrication of human beings as “commodities” rather than naturally produced beings (President’s Council on Bioethics, 2002). As such, the unethical nature of human cloning for reproductive purposes is therefore claimed to be an unethical process (President’s Council on Bioethics, 2002). The President’s Council (2002) also elucidates that the process of cloning could result in the reduction of the relationships of “humans to each other and their culture” and is a “dehumanizing” practice that could risk the entire society. The issue of the risk to humans is the particular focus of the opponents of
Definition The earnings management is a broad subject that has many aspects. The wide definition presents it as a certain set of managerial choices aimed at achieving some of the company’s objectives (Arya, Glover and Sunder 112). Therefore, the best way of defining it is to try to recognize its types and constituencies. The earnings management can vary in its compliance with the set standards of accounting. According to this criterion, it can be white, gray, and black (Ronen and Sadan 340). The purpose of the white earnings management is to make the financial reports more clear, comprehensive, and informative by means of restructuring the information in a more convenient order. The gray earnings management is more opportunistic than the white one; it is in pursuit of the economic efficiency and gain for the company that provides the report. However, despite the dubious intentions, it exists within the boundaries of the compliance with the standards. Therefore, it is risky but opportunistically efficient. Meanwhile, the black earnings management deals with creating an intermediately misleading impression about the company’s finances. Considering the fact that the earnings management occurs when the judgment is needed in the financial report, another criterion for definition is the intention of the accountant (Schipper 92). The intention of creating an informative report results in white earnings management. Meanwhile aim to mislead the readers and misrepresent the company’s situation is the black earnings management. Therefore, the earnings management depending on its purpose can be beneficial, neutral, and pernicious. The Methods to Manage Earnings There are a number of various means of applying the earnings management (Ronen and Yaari 31). The most common methods to manage earnings include choosing the type of treating and dealing with the financial reports, according to the GAAP, deciding whether to adopt any new standards, defining the items in the financial report as those that are above or below the line of operating earnings. The methods of the narrower spectrum include structuring the financial transacting for concluding new contracts and lease agreements and timing the recognized revenues (Easton, Eddey and Harris 17). Finally, there are methods for managing the transparency and the informative potential of the financial reports, such as disregarding or subtracting minor expenses. The intermediate means to manage earnings include documenting contingent sales as the self-explanatory ones, restructuring transacting in a “channel stuffing” way, virtual “bill-and-hold” transaction, and violating the regulation of the quarter cutoffs, the recognition of the revenues before the payment or goods were received, or the transaction was finished. Managing GAAP Earnings through Pro Forma Earnings Whereas GAAP earnings are classified as the earnings in cash that need to be documented, one means of the earnings management, is to report them as so-called pro forma earnings. The pro forma earnings are commo
The Simpson trial lasted 134 days and was one of the longest and the most controversial cases in California state history. According to the prosecutor’s office, O. Jay Simpson had long planned to take revenge on his ex-wife for her relationship with Ronald Goldman. As stated by the defense, the killers were drug dealers who were unhappy with Nicole’s friend’s reluctance to pay for another consignment of goods. Besides, the defense argued that the police and prosecutors were pursuing the former athlete on racial grounds. Despite the large amount of circumstantial evidence that testified to the guilt of O. J. Simpson, the jury declared him innocent. On June 12, 1994, Nicole Simpson’s neighbors were alarmed by her dog, who behaved restlessly. One of the neighbors noticed bloody shoe impressions along the concrete walkaway. When a neighbor tried to take the dog inside the house, it led him to two dead bodies. There were countless cuts on Mrs. Simpson’s body, including the neck – the killer practically cut off her head. Her friend, Ronald Goldman, was found dead right beside her. Subsequently, the investigation was able to establish the size and model of the alleged killer’s shoes. Those were expensive 12-size Bruno Magli shoes produced by the Italian manufacturer. The trial also found that Simpson’s foot was the same size as the bloody prints at the crime scene. However, the shoes themselves have not been recovered during the investigation, and therefore the evidence remained circumstantial. The accused claimed to have never been in possession of such footwear. William J. Bodziak, an F.B.I. expert on shoe prints and tire treads, also testified during the trial. According to him, there were no indications that there were several killers at the site (Margolick). He also confirmed that the footprints could very well belong to Mr. Simpson. Unfortunately, only after the verdict was passed, a photograph of the accused wearing the same Bruno Magli boots was found (Butler-Young). Taking all of the above into account, one may assume with a certain degree of confidence that the footprints at the crime scene indeed belonged to Mr. Simpson. Works Cited Butler-Young, Sheena. “The True Story Behind O.J. Simpson’s Infamous Shoes From the Trial.” Footwear News . 2016, Web. Margolick, David. “Simpson’s Shoe Size Fits Bloody Prints Left at the Crime Scene, an F.B.I. Expert Says.” The New York Times , 1995, Web.
Introduction Crime can be described as a deviant behavior that violates the prevailing norms or cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to behave normally (Gary 4). Statistics state that the youth crime rate has increased over the years but the big question is how has that happened and why. The current generation youth has been exposed to so many immoral behaviors and they desire to ape what is happening around them. Parents, teachers, media and peer groups are largely to be blamed for these results because they are the ideal tool of control to the youth. In the United States and Canada, youth has resulted to commit crimes in defense of discriminatory acts. The “rod” what happened to it? Is it part of the blame? Drug related crimes, homicides committed by youth and even property crimes just to mention but a few are crimes that the youth commit. Punishment is seen as one way of tackling and minimizing the crime rates but has it been effective? If the law enforcers have voted it in and made sure it is in action the why is the crime rates among the youth taking its toll in the society (Gary 23). Causes of youth crime There are major risk factors that lead the youth to commit crime which include; Parental supervision and discipline which is characterized with harsh and erratic parental discipline, cold or rejecting parental attitudes has led to the children lacking inhibition against offending. Parental conflict and separation also contributes to the youth crimes. Having separated parents or a broken home does not create the high risk of offending rather the parental conflict which led to the separation. Social and Economic deprivation are important factors contributing to antisocial behavior and crime. Research states that the risk of becoming criminally involved is higher for young people raised in disorganized inner city areas, characterized by physical deterioration and overcrowded households (Donald 473). Types of crimes committed by youth Drug related offenses are prevalent; also property crime rates have been evident especially in the schools. Research states that1 in 10 youth crimes occurred on school property, assaults being the most prevalent offenses (27%).Homicides among teenagers have contributed negatively to the society especially among the victims (Gary 46). The law on youth criminals/punishment The question has been why has the crime rates been so much adverse yet the law on the youth crimes is being enforced? There has been an alarm over youth crimes but few efforts reduce the rate offer partial solutions to the problem. Many crime-control projects have been initiated but there is little appreciable effect. Some of the experts believe that locking up large numbers of the worst offenders would bring reduction but others question the applicability of such a move (Bureau of Justice Statistics 162). Therefor
Introduction Strategic staffing is an integral part in any organization since it ensures that members of staff selected are competitive and able to work for the good of the organization. Employees are an important part in any organization since they are the ones who make the vision of the organization to come to pass. Irrespective of how good the management and strategies in the organization are, poor staffing will make it difficult for these strategies to be implemented. This calls for a good investment in the human resource department in terms of both personnel and technology. There are a number of strategies that have been adopted to improve the staffing process. The first one is automating the whole human resource department, second is using centralized control procedures to reduce errors and third is providing motivation and training to the members of staff frequently (Elmuti, 31). The fourth strategy involves an establishment of compliance by way of implementing effective reporting procedures. In order to attract relevant talent and employ productive staff, there are a number of things which need to be put into consideration. Analyzing staffing needs One of the things to consider is workforce planning which involves analyzing the organization’s staffing needs in line with the nature of business. This will ensure that relevance in adhered to both in terms of the current strategies and the strategies intended to be implemented in future (Phillips and Gully, 26). As a result of this, the management is sure that they will not need to replace the staff frequently since a high rate of staff turnover is one of the hindrances to organizational success. An example of this is the position development strategy employed by Cornell Cooperative Extension in their bid to increase employee productivity. To achieve this, the management in their search for a nutrition educator decided to set the position at the entry level in order to attract young talent. This position was created as an internship and the candidates were selected from college graduates since the job mainly involved an interaction with this age group. Skills and talents required The second important consideration is the kind of talent required for the position. Different positions in any organization need people with different talents. Sales and marketing departments, for example, require people who are talkative and tolerant, while accounts and finance departments mostly call for people who are good with numbers. This explains why most organizations carry out interviews in different stages such as telephone interviews, psychometric tests and finally the oral face to face interviews (Grogan and Eshelman, 21). Some even go to the extent of having a practical interview involving role plays in order to determine exactly what a candidate is good at and what they cannot handle. From such interviews, it is even possible for the management to retain some candidates for future position when they do not fit the current one. In the case of CCE, the candidate for the extension dir
Introduction: Business Management as a Concept Managing the work of other people might seem simple, yet it is an extremely hard and responsible task. I have always been striving to become a manager and create grand-scale business plans, as well as complex coordinate projects. In many ways, my mother, who is also a business manager, shaped my personality a lot. My Achievements in Business Management: One Step at a Time In fact, I have some business management experience behind my back. After managing export sales for Corleone at Les Portes de Versailles, Paris, during the Who´s Next event in 2013, I felt even more enthralled with learning the specifics of business management. A part-time job as a floor manager satisfied my interest for three weeks, yet afterward, I felt even more intrigued about the way in which the business management world works. Work Experience Placements: Learning to Be a Leader The decision to study business management as the field where I hope to become an accomplished specialist was made for several reasons, the key one being my passion for having a responsible job that presupposes organizing work, coordinating the efforts of different departments, choosing the right time management principle and seeking new advances in communication techniques in order to attain the goals of a particular project. I possess a number of skills and qualities that will help me evolve into a good leader and discover new approaches in business management. To start with, I speak four languages, i.e., English, French, Arabic, and Spanish. Moreover, having been to Spain, United Kingdom, Lebanon, Egypt, UAE, Mauritius, and Guadeloupe, I have l
No child left behind is an act that was signed by U.S president George Bush in January 2002. The act was signed to revise the federal education programs that were established under the elementary and secondary education act. No child left behind act was mainly designed to bring changes in schools based on flexibility, accountability, research based education and parent options (Lynch & Robert, 34). The legislation promotes accountability in schools having bigger options for education to the students thus bridging the achievement gap between the marginalized and the white students. It does this by linking the academic content of the state by the results of the students and measuring student performance in math and reading annually in grades 3 to 8. NCLB act requires that all teachers teaching the core subjects be highly qualified. These teachers must in addition have a Bachelors degree, demonstrated subject matter competence for each subject that he or she is to teach and a state credential for three years and below (“Department of Education”, 23). The administrators and the board of education promote accountability which enables the school districts to meet the federal standards. They ensure that there is teacher motivation by increasing the salary of those who work towards increased performance Local communities are bei