ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The following is a marketing communications campaign report written for Brunel University for a new Master’s program in Community Development and Conflict Management set to be launched on December, 10 th 2008. The main marketing communication tools identified in the marketing communication mix, in this case, are print advertising and outdoor and the internet. The usage of these tools will vary as per the target audience. The motivation in development and marketing of the new program coincides with our strategic imperative in taking “practical actions and activities we need to undertake” to achieve our mission “To advance knowledge and understanding, and provide society with confident, talented and versatile graduates” as stated in our 2007-2012 strategic plan. Situation analysis The civil society and the interaction between markets and the community forms the basis of any marketing initiatives and decisions (Varey, 2002). She explains that the way that the public, and more so in civic sense with political inclinations, the core message in marketing communication can be obscured or distorted to the disadvantage of the marketer. In our case, this is very relevant as part of our target market has politicians in them. Again, our targeting of Africa as a continent that has displayed a lot of community based organizations mismanagement and political decay, we realize the delicateness of the issue and the sensitivity of it. As such, our marketing communication initiatives will dwell on strategically building a relationship with our target market based on trust, familiarity, and mutual wellness. The success of this move will place us way ahead of our competitors in market rating as a resourceful partner in the quest for community development and conflict management and resolution but not just another vendor of academic courses. Literature review Community mobilization has for a long time played a great role in the global arena, be it in politics, civil reasons, economic causes, or social issues (Baberth and Joseph, 2006). Unfortunately, community management knowledge and use of it for development purposes have been minimal and scarce. De Beer and Hennie (2006) note that community development initiatives are used to fight poverty in Africa. They attribute this to the strong core values upheld by African communities hence note its potential if strategically managed. A report by the Guardian daily shows that the majority of the people believe that Obama’s experience in community organizing and mobilization and grassroots appeal played a crucial role in engineering his campaign and eventual win. This is just one of the most recent examples, where community organization has played a great role in shaping a community and the person leading the community. The shift in trend and perspective on the
Do you think that Phil and Mark had good reasons for choosing the research topic “The use of internaI and word-of-mouth recruitment methods” initially? One can say that a good topic for research is the gauge of its success. To choose a topic is to determine the course of further investigation, and it should be done according to some rules. Firstly, the topic should be interesting for the researchers and their target audience. To their credit, Phil and Mark had the interest; however, it may seem that they got a somewhat overexcited about it. It appears that the initial source of inspiration for them was not the subject of their investigation but the very fact that they were making an investigation. Consequently, when they started working, they overlooked the important step of researching: the brainstorming. It means that after selecting a research topic, one should spend some time collecting all ideas that come to one’s mind in relation to it. Then the ideas are sorted through: the brightest ones should be included in the outline while others should be discarded. Brainstorming is what helps to overview the subject from various points and select the best. Mark and Phil skipped this step and went on directly to the outline. If they brainstormed the topic first, it would probably occur to them that they had had a ready-made answer before they actually conducted the research. Their mistake was that they chose a topic that was not debated or even debatable. What they got was a mere statement of the fact that internal and word-of-mouth recruitment were the main modes of hiring employees in local organizations because of the lack of applicants. It turned out to be a well-known fact which is why it did not impress the respondents. All in all, before starting to write their research, Phil and Mark should have thought why exactly they wanted to write on this topic and what questions they had to answer. Instead, they focused on what they had already known, and the main reason they made the research was, to put it bluntly, because they just wanted to make something. Thus, choosing the path of least resistance did not seem to work in this case. Draft a possible first research question or Mark’s and Phil’s idea as described in the first three paragraphs of the case study. If Phil and Mark wanted to cre
Even with no clear proof from the book the reader with some familiarity of the European history can surmise from the observation about Carlier as an ex-member of an army certain from harm by some European colonies (p.11, ll. 45–46) that the incidents are situated in ‘the free state of Congo’. The given names Carlier and Kayerts denoting both the Walloon and the Flemish aspects of the Belgian state are additional pointers that the setting is Belgian Congo. Furthermore, the French lingo is the main medium of communiqué: once asked about the bizarre conduct of the visitors, Makola ‘appeared to have forgotten the French language’ (p.21, ll. 43–44). It could be that the author was intentionally unclear on the setting of “An Outpost of Progress”, for him to be able to take in all the European clouts in his condemnation of the colonial outlook. These vague geopolitical approaches are similar to the void around the real outpost, apparently a no-man’s land. The direct setting of the internal space of the station though takes on a much apparent figure with its three structures, the grave with the cross extremely ‘much out of the right angles’ and the jetty (p.10, l. 18). By connecting this ‘abode place’ of ‘the gentleman who had observed the commencement of all this’ (ll. 18–19) slept to the residence of the white men which neatly built of reeds, with a balcony on both the four sides of the house (l. 9). The writer sensitizes the person who reads to the transient nature of human buildings. Importantly, the balcony turns out to be the place of the final death scene in the story. Another scene of acts and importance in the narrative is the patio/veranda of the compound, a gathering and trading location where several groups of locals and the white men convene and trade their merchandise, and where diverse views on culture, race, and religion encounter each other and frequently clash. It is still in the same location where Makola trails his enigmatic plans, where the six fine tusks are displayed, a place where the good-looking nude natives from the local villages would sit on their heels as their chiefs negotiated for several hours with Makola over an elephant tusk’(p.16, ll. 1–2). The uninformed control of the white man becomes apparent in Kayerts’s situation: when he sat on a chair and gazed down on the dealings, while he understood nothing’ (ll. 2–3). The part past the outpost differs greatly from the fairly practical depiction of the outpost. Certainly, different from introductory explanations of the story’s characters, setting, and some satirical indications on civilization, Part I of this narrative includes only the preliminaries of an outline of a plot with mounting tension that starts with: ‘Then, early one morning a group of people carrying weapons emerged out of the forest’(p.19, ll. 58–60). Additional parts of suspen
Introduction For managers from both private and public sectors, the necessity to innovate became one of the hottest topics. The private sector, for instance, provides organizations with the possibility of developing at a fast pace. Moreover, private sector companies started to launch new products and transform their business approaches for the sake of innovations. A vast number of organizations employed the principle of creative destruction so as to be able to develop in harmony with the industry. Nonetheless, Borins (2000) believes that public service innovation may be regarded as a practical triviality. The author of the article sees innovators as proactive individuals who prefer to prevent issues instead of letting them happen. They use a creative approach to solving the problems that are characteristic of the public sector. Borins (2000) also claims that the reviewed sample uses proper organizational strategies that go in line with the core ideas of the public-sector companies. Main Ideas of the Article In his article, Borins (2000) dwells on the idea that the majority of the companies within the public sector can be seen as monopolies. Therefore, it is logical to assume that there is virtually no competition and, consequently, no need to innovate. Nonetheless, he stresses the fact that political scientists majorly contributed to the outlooks concerning the failures that occur in the public sector. The author altered the way we should consider the issue of leadership in the public sector. This exposure led to a situation where innovation was seen as a remedy for the critique. Borins (2000) hints at the idea that the constraints imposed by the central agency are aimed at eliminating corruption and banning innovation at the same time. He notes that the experts want to see major public sector companies as bureaucracies that are intended to stay consistent and resist any change or transformation (Borins, 2000). Another important part of the article is the definition of a direct dependency between public sector leadership and innovation. Another covert claim of the author dwells on the types of innovation which are supported by politicians. Borins (2000) supposes that the strategic response to crises is developed by the politicians. Moreover, they are responsible for communicating the vision to the organization. The author of the article expands the knowledge on the idea that research and investigations are the best instruments designed to respond to any type of crisis. Borins (2000) believes that the evaluation of the data should be performed skeptically and all the expectations and suppositions should be tested prior to the implementation. On all the organizational levels, the core objective is to work instantaneously and support all the attempts aimed at implementing innovations. Conclusion The author of the article expands our knowledge base in terms of the peculiarities of leade
Introduction Chinese economic reforms are plans that were introduced to bring changes in China’s republic in early 1978 by realists’ members of China’s Communist Party. The major aim of introducing these reforms was to enhance efficient funds to facilitate modern technology. The difficulty that was encountered during these reforms was to mobilize the farmers and employees to devote much of their time so as to produce excess commodities, and funds to maintain favorable balance of payment. These reforms were implemented through various levels to help solve the problems that were emerging and the political wave that struck the government. This reform was triggered by communism set up as it was required; they introduced new strategies to avoid duplication of ideas that were already being used by other developing countries. The initial reforms that started in the early 1978 were directed to external markets where China identified foreign markets to sell its products. Farmers were encouraged to sell their excess produce to these markets. Then in the mid 90s the reforms focused on pricing system and privatization of public corporation with an aim of eliminating the state in matters relating to resource allocation (Wang 56). The reforms that were started in the early 2000 were mainly to eliminate those businesses that were not performing, and also to ensure resources were equally distributed in all sectors of the economy. The strategies that it initially applied have really helped to boost the economy of China that (since then) has been tremendously growing. There are well established infrastructures that ease the movement of goods from production site to the market, for example the magnetic train in Shanghai that eases movement of people. China normally tests its idea in its capacity and implement it before the public is informed and later becomes operational once found legible. Farmers were given incenti
Background information about the author Also known by his colleagues as Jack, Lewis Staples, the author of ‘The Great Divorce’ was born in Belfast in 1898. During his lifetime, he was one of the most influential Christian writers of the 20th century. He wrote more than 70 types of works, which ranged from poetry, science fiction, Christian apologetics, and fantasy amongst others. He was educated at his home in Britain. When his mother died, he was left with his brother Warren. He studied English and philosophy at the Oxford University (Staples 21). He also served in military. Upon joining the faculty of Cambridge University as a literature professor, he married his long time fiancée Joy Gresham who later succumbed to cancer in 1960 while Lewis died in 1963 at Headington, Oxford, after experiencing a heart problem. His legacy in writing is well shared and known across the world. He was a prolific author who wrote fiction. ‘The Great Divorce’ was published in 1946 (Staples 21). His interest in spiritual choices played a pivotal role in his writing of the book. He was motivated to write about the spirits after he read ‘Seventeenth Century’ written by Taylor Jeremy, an Anglican divine servant of God. The book introduced him to the ancient catholic notion of refrigerium. A Summary of the Main Points or Themes Intrigues on Heaven and Earth The book is premised on the intrigues on heaven and earth. There are various contradictions among the question of heaven and hell. More often, people have pondered and sought answers whether it is indeed true that heaven and hell exist. The imagination and thinking of Christians are different from what the atheists’ society thinks about God in heaven and the torment in hell. Coming from a Christian background, Lewis provides further insights on the way people feel about heaven and hell. The book begins with the narrator who boards a bus driven by a man they could not identify. “The man seemed full of light” (Staples Para. 3). The bus was driven through a visionary world on top of a mountain believed to be heaven. Experiences in heaven are different. Every thing seemed solid, which makes it difficult for them (ghosts) to persevere and have a feeling of going back to the grey town. The narrator is the ghost who meets the spirit, which, upon repenting, enjoys the blossoms of heaven. The author presents various episodes in his allegory to portray different themes in the book. Salvation Salvation is one of the themes that the author highlights in the book. Salvation is the path that leads people’s immortal souls to heaven. People who abide by the correct moral choices in life together with th
New York University is a large institution that attracts hundreds of international students for its undergraduate and graduate programs each year. However, since most of these students do not have prior experience of living in the United States, they might feel alienated, confused, and homesick due to cultural differences. To ensure that both American and international students of NYU have a positive college experience, Residential Life and Housing Services have developed various programs and activities to assist them. These activities and programs are held in NYU residence halls. Some of these programs are mainly for international students, whereas others can benefit American students, too. First of all, International Student Orientation is the key program designed for students first arriving in the United States or the New York State. The presence of this program is mandated by law, as it is designed to ensure that international students are aware of local laws and regulations (“New International Student Orientation”). This program is beneficial for international students as it allows them to learn differences between the laws of their home country and the United States. Another residential program that benefits International students is the Writing Affiliates Program. This program provides an opportunity for international students to improve their writing skills, thus making it easier for them to fulfill academic goals (“Upcoming Programs and Events”). A similar program offered on campus is the Language Exchange Program, which assigns students from different countries into a pair and allows them to hold language learning sessions. The pairs usually consist of an American student, teaching English, and an international student, teaching their first language. As the program facilitates communication and bonding between American and non-American students, it benefits both groups by enabling cultural exchange. The Residential International Student Engagement program is also one that benefits both international and American students. As part of the program, the R.I.S.E. team host entertaining culture-specific events for all on-campus students to attend, such as Chinese New Year celebrations, the Holi festival, Sakura Festival, and many others (“RISE Photos”; “Upcoming Programs and Events”). On the one hand, these events can help American students to learn more about other cultures. On the other hand, they also help internation
Introduction This paper provides a critical analysis of the article: “Doing good to do well? Corporate social responsibility reasons, practices and impacts in small and medium accommodation enterprises”. The article is authored by Luis Garay and Xavier Font. The author’s arguments are based on a comparison of corporate social responsibility with corporate financial performance. The topic is lengthy and broad. Therefore, the author has not specified the role of small and medium enterprises in sustainable hospitality management. The article begins with a review of corporate responsibility and corporate financial performance. This article further presents the analyses of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance 1 . A critical evaluation of the author’s argument(s), assumptions made by the author, and the main implications The main argument of the author is that corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance affect hospitality management. The greatest challenge to the argument is that misguided assumptions are made, which can be misleading to the reader. The article places corporate social responsibility at a static position instead of appreciating the influential dynamism towards hospitality. The author has discussed the topic by exploring several assumptions about the hospitality environment instead of presenting evidence-based research concerning the topic 2 . The authors review the literature about corporate financial responsibility and corporate social responsibility. The literature review is analyzed before the authors provide an introduction to the meaning of corporate social responsibility and corporate financial responsibility. There is a need to provide in-depth analyses of how the two sectors are likely to be affected by a large percentage of recorded accommodation rates 3 . From the outset, the reader is caught at a crossroad whereby he/she cannot understand the goals of the authors. The goals tend to be hidden from the reader and the reader must search the goals of the article because they are scattered. The authors present an analytical evidence-based analyses but this has been done at a broad scope. Similarly, the authors present the main theories for the tourism sector to engage in corporate social sustainable and corporate financial performance. The article presents the methodology, and it is evident that qualitative research has been applied. The authors ought to have considered using the qualitative and quantitative methods of research to present reliable results 4 . The purpose of the article is to show how the constant change and the dynamic nature of corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance have affected the accommodation and the tourism sector. However, the authors have emphasized on applying the wrong approach in achieving the purpose of the article. The authors have adopted a fixed approach instead of using the principles approach. The validity of the diff
To study available economic opportunities for a business venture that deals with affordable housing, one will have to use both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The chances to explore all possible factors that may affect the economic growth of the business can be deemed as the key rationale for the specified choice. Quantitative research, in turn, will demand to focus on quantitative relationships between variables. For instance, the correlation between the changes in the rent price and the levels of customer loyalty can be drawn in order to outline a financial strategy. As a result, a more coherent approach toward running the organization can be designed; particularly, a framework for handling risks can be created successfully. Furthermore, mixed research needs to be introduced into the context of the case. Representing a combination of the qualitative and quantitative analysis types, the specified approach helps embrace every possible factor that may affect the business. Research Proposal Literature Review An overview of the Dubai real estate market will reveal that its supply pipeline can be described as rather active ( Dubai real estate market overview 2016). Therefore, the specified environment offers numerous opportunities for developing an efficient supply chain and introducing a cost-efficient management framework (Christersson, Vimpari & Junnila 2015). Ne opportunities can be pursued once the principles of lean management and sustainable use of resources are utilized (Somani & Minde 2017). It should be noted that the current UAE real estate market environment may turn out to be quite competitive. A recent report indicates that providing affordable housing is becoming increasingly popular in the UAE (Bhat 2017). Similarly, the adoption of the Six Sigma principles as the means of improving quality and reducing the expenses for raw materials, supply chain management, etc., will have to be regarded as a necessity (Dakhli, Lafhaj & Bos 2016). However, the Value Adding Management (VAM) technique will also have to be utilized to increase the profit margins and ensure the sustainability of the business (Voordt et al. 2016). Research Objective The goal of the study is, therefore, to define the essential characteristics of the target market and buyers’ behaviors. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the efficacy of possible financial strategies will have to be carried out. Thus, the key risks of the target market and the opportunities that can be pursued in it will be identified. Furthermore, the implications of the study will help design an efficient marketing strategy and outline the elements of the f