ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There are two main parties in the United States, the Democratic Party, and the Republican Party. Each of them has specific beliefs regarding political, economic, social, cultural, and other issues. The philosophies of Democrats and Republicans vary significantly, and they are considered to be left-leaning and right-leaning, respectively. This paper aims to present the differences in the views of these two parties, focusing on social ideas, political stances, healthcare issues, and economic prospects. Examining Differences between Democratic and Republican Beliefs The Democrats are one of the oldest US political parties currently represented in Congress, the main principles of which are liberal-socialist views (Peele et al. 95). Established in the 19th century, this party perfectly adapts to any conditions and has been one of the key forces influencing the development of America. In their turn, Republicans make up the second major US political party, the most important principle of which is conservatism. The current president of the United States, Donald Trump, belongs to the Republican party that is oriented to a free market economy (Peele et al. 92). It advocates the strengthening of national defense and the independence of the energy of the United States. The first critical difference in the beliefs of Democrats and Republicans is simple politics. The former is more liberal as they believe that time is continually moving, causing the country and people to develop and adjust, for example following the changing environment (Peele et al. 95). Arms regulation or international actions may be dynamic according to the attitudes of the Democratic Party. In turn, the ideal of the Republicans is encapsulated by the notion of the America of the Founding Fathers. As such, Republicans could be said to be more supportive of historic values – the majority of them hold a rigid position about foreign policy challenges and prefer to maintain and consolidate American power positions in the world (Peele et al. 93). Along with foreign affairs, Republicans and Democrats have different views on domestic policy. Democrats rely on the government and claim that it should take care of people, thus contributing to socialism and equality in the United States. In contrast, Republicans rely on people and believe that everyone should take care of himself or herself since the state should give every person the opportunity to independently achieve what he or she wants. Another example to mention is the views on taxes. Democrats state that taxes need to be increased for the rich and reduced for the poor. Republicans argue that they should be the same for all because all people are equal (Lind et al. 153). Democrats also believe that the government should increase the minimum wage, but Republicans are against it because they are sure that this will hinder the small business. If employers can
Introduction According to Le Grand’s framework, the public service providers range from ‘knights’ and ‘knaves’ who provide the services to ‘pawns’ and ‘queens’. The ‘knights and knaves’ are said to own a certain degree of public service motivation. This motivation allows them to give back to the society at large by providing public services while the ‘pawns and queens’ receive and enjoy those particular services. A solid argument has been presented by most scholars to the effect that service providers cannot be categorized as pure ‘knights’ who have good intentions to tend to the society and pure ‘knaves’, who perform deeds for their own self-interest. Further, the end users of the public service provided possess the capacity to either control the services rendered to them or are entirely clueless on the same. There is therefore a very strong relationship between the public authorities and the organizations, both of whom play a vital role in public service provision. In a quasi-market, the public authorities control the finance but delegate the role to purchase the services on behalf of the users to organizations (Le Grand, 1997). The public services are in turn paid for either by vouchers or under a contract. The service users are dependent on the two principles to receive satisfactory services. The purpose of this article is to critically analyze Le Grand’s framework for the purposes of understanding the link between the public authorities and organizations that are mandated with the task of providing public services paid for either by vouchers or through a contract. Models Of Public Service Providers Under The Le Grand’s Framework To have a clear understanding on the relationship between the public authorities and the organizations, it is good to discuss the models that govern them. In his framework, Le Grand attempts to distinguish between the trust and mistrust models. Both models concern themselves with the public authorities’ connection with the organizations that provide public services. In the trust model, the service providers are expected to use the funds in a professional manner. A good example of the service providers under this category are the doctors or nursery teachers. According to Le Grand, the professional usage of the allocated budget ensures that the service provided to the users is not only efficient and accountable but also one that is of high quality and equitably distributed. It is for this reason that the public service providers in this model are regarded as ‘knights’. The service that they provide is not placed under the directives and sanctions of the public authorities. The knights are therefore entrusted to deliver the best services to the service user for the sake of creating a better society. The mistrust model on the other hand requires the intervention of the public authorities to ensure compliance by the public service providers. The service providers under this category are not trusted by the public auth
Any infection caused by Staphylococcus bacteria gets described as staph infection. 1 These infections are communicable, and they trigger abscesses. Although infections caused by Staphylococcus bacteria are common and may not always need treatment, they pose serious problems when they occur in open wounds. Most infections that occur in the United States’ hospitals originate from Staphylococcus bacteria. Signs and Symptoms Various signs and symptoms characterize staph infections. Some of these signs and symptoms include skin abscess, boils, fever, as well as swollen lymph nodes at the groin and armpits. 2 Swellings may also occur in areas that have open wounds, or cuts. The most common symptoms in infants are wearing out and blistering of the skin. The skin appears swollen, red and full of pus. The infected part of the skin is usually painful and warm. Fever, accompanied by sweat, develops only after the infection spreads. Causes Although Staphylococcus bacteria are airborne, most staph infections occur when a person comes into direct contact with body fluids, or open wounds that have the bacteria. Sore hair follicles and oil glands act as points of entry for the bacteria into the body. These bacteria may also penetrate the body through skin that has cuts, wounds, or infections. The bacterium develops under the skin and destroys all surrounding tissues. Staphylococcus bacteria cause infection of the blood when it permeates through the blood and lymph fluid. These infections get described as Staphylococcal bacteremia. Intravenous apparatus and contaminated catheters are the main causes of these infections. Doctors and physicians must handle every Staphylococcal bacteremia case with care as it can easily cause death. Explain the Procedure an X-ray Technician would do if a Patient had Staph Infection in the Radiology Department Technicians may carry out x-rays to trace internal abscesses and assess the level of an infection. Most patients get referred to the radiology department after they get suspected to have Staphylococcal bacteremia. The symptoms of Staphylococcal bacteremia resemble those of acute endocarditis, which occurs when Staphylococcus bacteria penetrate through the blood to the heart valves. However, acute endocarditis is more severe than Staphylococcal bacteremia. Also, the time of antibiotic therapy between the two conditions differ. Hence, it is necessary to conduct x-ray to differentiate uncomplicated bacteremias from infective endocarditis. This will make sure that antibiotic therapy gets administered in a more cost-effective and precise way. The form of x-ray that is most suitable for this situation is transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). TEE is efficient in detecting problems like abscesses and valve perforations since it visualizes even small infections. 3
Introduction Community diagnosis is the assessment of health needs of a given community in aspects such as physical, social, economic, and biological conditions that are present in an environment with a view of finding appropriate solutions to health problems. Community diagnosis is an integral part of community health nursing because it helps the health care system to identify health issues in different communities and provide customized solutions. Given that health issues that community members face relate with physical, social, economic, and biological conditions, community diagnosis provides a comprehensive understanding of health issues at community level. Community diagnosis normally entails collection of epidemiological information from a certain community and its analysis relative to social, economic, physical, and biological factors to establish if causal relationships exist among different variables. In essence, community diagnosis provides a basis for evidence-based planning and implementation of health interventions. Hence, this essay formulates a community diagnosis of Santa Maria community based on the data collected by community assessment tools Description of Community Assessment of the Santa Maria community using a cultural assessment tool indicates that the community has diverse races. Census data indicate that the Santa Maria city has a population of about 100,000 (City of Santa Maria, 2013). The racial composition of the of Santa Maria community is about 56% Whites, 1.8% Native Americans, 1.7% African Americans, 5% Asians, while other races comprise the remaining percentages (Diversity Data, 2013). This means that the dominant culture in Santa Maria is that of the Whites. Additionally, the age group composition of the Santa Maria community is that about 30% are below the age of 18 years, 42% have the ages of between 18 to 44 years, 15% have the ages of between 45 and 64 years, and 13% have the ages of above 65 years (Diversity Data, 2013). The figures show that the majority of the population comprises the youth and young adults who have the ages of between 18 and 44 years. The Santa Maria community views aging positively because it takes care of the elderly at home or in the nursing homes. Maria Medical Center, Santa Maria Care Center, Mariah Medical Center, and Villa Maria Healthcare Center are some of the nursing homes that take care of the elderly. Moreover, the Santa Maria community has no rituals associated with coming of age. Since the community has gender balance and is sensitive to it, restrictions do not exist when community members are accessing health care services. The data in the disaster assessment tool show that the most vulnerable groups in the Santa Maria com
Introduction The popularity of joint ventures increased significantly in the last two decades. Multinational corporations form joint ventures with foreign companies to increase their global market share. Joint ventures often face serious challenges due to cultural differences in various regions. Organisations with significantly different cultures usually fail to cooperate due to misunderstandings and disagreements. This paper will analyse the challenges facing a joint venture between an Australian and a Peruvian company. The causes of the challenges or problems will also be discussed. The analysis will focus on areas such as human resource planning, recruitment, reward, retention, culture, and training. An alternative recruitment system will be proposed to enable the company to hire the right people for international assignments. Moreover, recommendations that are geared towards solving short-term and long-term problems in the company will be made. Main Problems Selection Procedure One of the problems in the company was its inability to recruit the right candidate to fill a vacancy in Peru. This problem was mainly caused by the company’s ineffective selection procedure. An effective international selection procedure should focus on predicting the ability of the incumbent to excel in the host country environment (Caligiuri, Tarique & Jacobs 2009, pp. 251-262). However, the company’s selection process focused on the ability of the candidate to perform specific tasks. For example, Ed was selected for the international assignment because he was a brilliant engineer with management experience. Key determinants of success in international assignments such as cross-cultural adjustment, foreign experience, and personality characteristics were not given adequate consideration. The poor selection procedure could also be attributed to the fact that the company lacked international experience. The company had not completed a project in a foreign country through a joint venture. Therefore, none of its employees had the skills that were required for effective management of joint ventures. Lack of skills limited the capacity of the HR department to establish a reliable recruitment procedure. This made it difficult for the HR department to find a suitable candidate. Cultural Differences Poor work relationship between managers from Australia and their counterparts from Peru was a major problem because of the cultural differences between the two countries. National cultures often influence organisational culture since they affect the attitudes and perception of employees (Cameron & Quinn 2011, p. 92). Figure 1 shows the difference between Australia and Peru in terms of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Australia has a score of 61 in masculinity, whereas Peru has a score of only 42. This means that Australians prefer heroism, assertiveness, and achievement. For instance, Ed refused to provide technical assistance to Peruvians. This could be expl
In his essay The Film Critic of Tomorrow, Today , Jim Hoberman portrays Hollywood as “the main repository of cultural memory and authority” (Hoberman 80). As an element of mass media, film transcends the simplistic definition of entertainment; the role film plays in the collective unconscious of a society remains decidedly more convoluted and multifaceted. Film represents no less than a cultural reflection of a society; the verisimilitude of film, then, is not a mere likeness at all, but a mirror. As a result, the power of film to influence how members of its societal audience see themselves, and are in turn seen by others, cannot be overestimated. Insensitive and racist cultural depictions, as maintained and disseminated by mainstream Hollywood films, will by definition play themselves out in society. The global reach of Hollywood films, in Hoberman’s view, creates “an international mass culture based in the United States but drawing capital, talent and audiences from all over the world” (Hoberman 85). For many cultures across the planet, “the movies have merged with the spectacle of daily life” (Hoberman 83). Even though film presents itself somewhat innocuously as mere fiction, this same “[f]iction seeps quietly and continuously into reality” (Hoberman 81). The “problem” of film, as suggested by Hoberman, remains an economic one. (Hoberman 82). Film epitomizes the backward looking industry. Given the massive budgets for Hollywood films and the volatile, wildly unpredictable nature of film as an investment, the major studios tend to only produce that which has previously sold. According to the Motion Picture Association of America, the average Hollywood film premiered in 2005 cost $60 million to produce, 50 percent more than in the previous year; the 25 movies featured on the 2006 Forbes list of Hollywood’s Most Expensive Films averaged $197.1 million. Film costs increased again in 2007, bumping the cost of a Hollywood feature up to a staggering $106.6 million per film (Rose n.p.) Risk and astronomical production budgets translate to general conservatism in the industry. Major studios take few chances with fledging directors, and more importantly, with ideas that may disturb the thought status quo. As Hoberman outlines, “[f]amiliarity may breed contempt, but commercial cinema trades on previous acquaintance…In no medium is the stigma of the “difficult” – which ranges from the absence of stars to the presence of subtitles – more damning…Stars are a form of living trademark, scripts a kind of organized cliché. Genres rule. Movies are made in cycles and recycled as remakes. Anything sold once can be sold again…and again. Moreover, the movies are the nexus for an endless series of cross references and synergistic couplings” (Hoberman
Being a leader does not mean being ahead of others in rank or experience; rather, it means being able to inspire and empower others. In the beginning, I sincerely thought that leadership is inborn; however, from the role I played, I realized that anyone could become a leader. The basic concept is simple: influencing others positively. My definition of a leader has changed from this experience, and I now know that a leader must have a passion which is revealed through commitment. Contrary to determination, which drives someone to achieve a target, passion entails working with others to achieve set goals. Being a leader also means observing credibility as a virtue. Any leader worth his salt must walk the talk. Basically, a credible leader must be accountable and deliver on the promises made. From what I believe, a perfect leader is one who remains original irrespective of changing situations. Authenticity will allow me as a leader to achieve anything I would wish to, and actualize my dreams. This would require me to admit my weaknesses and value my strengths. I feel that as an authentic leader, I do not require behaving in certain ways at certain places or in certain situations; but rather, I should remain original and true to my own self at all times. This is the only way I can influence others in a positive way. Being an effective leader requires recognizing and observing high respect for others. A leader must be in constant contact with the people, sharing and interacting with them. Therefore, a leader must ensure that any decision taken does not compromise on other peoples’ values and beliefs as this may appear dictatorial and create unnecessary conflicts. After learning of these concepts, I believe I will now be able to become a great leader.
Introduction EMBA (Executive MBA) program’s main objective is to provide to the students high managerial competence, international mindset and enrichment through diversity, leadership and personal development. By realizing these objectives students would be able to solve various problems and make rigorous analyses, understand global business and cultures to be global leaders, gain interpersonal and teamwork skill, develop creative intuition, and be encouraged for new ideas and challenges breaking conventional wisdom. Executive MBA Program is composed of Business Fundamentals and Managerial Practices, with Leadership and Personal Development and Application exercises running throughout the program. Main Text In EMBA course the students have the possibility to elect among many subjects according to their objectives and needs. In this course I am going to study subjects that include the area of management, marketing, finance etc. All the subjects are very useful to me and the knowledge they provide are connected to each other.I just finished my first class EMBA fundamentals, so I may say that I got the important basic concepts and principles regarding the fundamental subjects. Now I have to continue gathering deep information in the subjects where I am more interested in. Because of my needs I think there should be more financial classes included in the program. I am supply chain manager for manufacturing. My job there needs the proper information in accounting and finance subject. So I would like to develop my preparation especially in the finance area. The EMBA program will be very helpful to me through subjects like “Financial Management”, “Entrepreneurial Finance”, and “International Finance”. The first subject explores the strategic decisions that lead to capital spending. Also are discussed other problems like the risk element in financial decision-making or financial instruments that have evolved to re-allocate risk in the economy. The second subject seeks to provide me with a working knowledge of international financial instruments, markets, and institutions. In the “Entrepreneurial Finance” topic such as: Bank Financing, Valuation, Technology and entrepreneurship are covered in a dynamic and challenging environment. The course is online and offers me the possibility to continue working and also doing any other activity but a part of my job has turned into a problem for me. I travel a lot and that is why has become very important at this point to define a certain policy plan. At first I should make more efforts to manage my time correctly. I have to give the appropriate time to all my activities. I may begin to stop traveling so much to have more time for the course. Despite the fact that the course is online, it requires time because I have to prepare assignments. I must begin trying to find another position inside the company where I work.A position that allows me to travel less would be wonderful for my plans. I have to dedicate a little more time to the course. Another problem for me is to turn my assignment on time. If I redu