ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
While discussing the experiences of surgical patients, it is important to note that the problem of high rates related to readmissions is typical of many healthcare facilities. To discuss this problem in detail and propose an effective solution, it is necessary to refer to the evidence-based practice in this field. The purpose of this paper is to provide the background of the problem, describe stakeholders, present a PICOT question, focus on the purpose and objectives of the project, and explain the importance of the problem. Background of the Problem Readmissions and hospitalizations of surgical patients are typical situations that are associated with ineffective post-discharge procedures. The risk of adverse effects is high when patients and their relatives do not receive enough education regarding the care and procedures that should be proposed after discharging surgical patients. Even if patients and their families are educated regarding the expected risks, adverse effects, and strategies to overcome them, they often need professional support (Crocker, Crocker, & Greenwald, 2012). When patients do not receive the appropriate support during a post-charge period, the risk of readmission can increase. As a result, rates of readmissions are typically high for surgical patients if they do not receive adequate follow-up care (Hoffman & Pelosini, 2016). The problem is in the fact that readmissions are costly not only for patients but also for healthcare providers. The reason is that many healthcare resources are necessary to deliver effective care and prevent further complications in patients. Stakeholders and Change Agents To address the determined problem, it is important to propose such intervention as the use of post-discharge telephone follow-up calls to exchange the information, support surgical patients, and recognize possible complications. This intervention can affect patients and their families, registered nurses (RNs), medical doctors (MDs), nurse practitioners (NPs), and administrators in healthcare facilities as stakeholders. Patients can benefit from this proposal because of opportunities to receive aftercare support and advice. Advantages for healthcare professionals and administrators include saving resources and improving post-discharge procedures (Daniels et al., 2016). As a result, the rate of readmissions can decrease, as well as costs associated with hospitalizations. In this case, administrators and nurse leaders in hospitals are expected to act as change agents who focus on implementing the post-discharge follow-up procedure. PICOT Question In surgical patients aged 21-75 years, will a 24/48-hour post-discharge telephone follow-up performed by an RN/MD/NP and compared to no call reduce the rate of hospital readmissions within 30 days over six months? Purpose and Objectives The purpose of this project is to find out whether post-discharge telephone follow-up calls performed by an RN, MD, or NP can contribute to reducing the rate of readmissions for surgical patients with the focus on providing a follow-up during 30 days and studying the results during six months. The objectives can be formulated in the following
The play, Educating Rita , investigates the way in which a woman, in her youthful age, Rita, has to cope with daily life, struggle, transformation, and different stages as she becomes informed. The play is based on the author’s personal life. From this novel the diverse cultures play a vital role in society and individuals’ social lives. The novel observes that the working class people struggle to break the lower-class circle. The novel discusses about cultural anticipations between the aristocrats against the working-class. The novel was written in 1980s, but the cultural anticipations of the period are not as significant nowadays as they were. The author was attempting to convey the reflection that once a woman is born into a lower-class culture; it is very difficult to escape from it as people ignore one’s aspirations and judge one owing to her/his culture. However, the novel demonstrates that just because people are in a noble class full of everything; it does not essentially signify that they are satisfied in life. Russell has clearly demonstrated his considerations of a significant- culture and society’s perceptions. In this novel, Russell discusses the question of women neglect in the society through their negative stereotypes and being considered by men as persons to raise children and assist them in house activities. The author presents a so
Rulemaking in the Public Health Program The law allows people to participate in the rulemaking. It is important that the rulemaking takes into consideration the essential values. The process of rulemaking in the dental health program requires an all-inclusive participation. The Oral Public Health Rulemaking Rulemaking is the process of creating detailed regulations from the central legislative law. The government needs to protect the citizens from the dangers of eating foods that promote decay of the teeth. It is critical that the law regulates the sale of such foods because even children unknowingly indulge in the purchase of these foodstuffs (Mason, Leavitt, & Chaffee, 2012). There is proof that sugary and fatty foods leave damaging stains on the teeth. The stains form into bacteria that start eating into the teeth. Some food companies do not list all the ingredients as required by the law (Copeland & Lee, 2010). The law should be strict on such organizations to prevent them from operating in the food industry. The bill should include very high fines for illegal practices. The enforcement of the penalties for disobedience of the law must be irresistible (Mason et al., 2012). The Process of Rulemaking According to Mason et al. (2012), the Dentistry agency must ensure that:   * The public is informed of proposed rules before they take effect;   * The public can comment on the proposed standards and provide additional data to the agency;   * The public can access the rulemaking record and analyze the data and analysis behind a proposed rule;   * The independent institution analyzes and responds to the public’s comments;   * The agency creates a permanent record of its analysis and the process;   * The agency’s actions can be reviewed by a judge or others to ensure adherence to the correct process. (p. 35) The agency should then publish the actual proposed regulatory language in the Federal Register. The next step is a public comment (Copeland & Lee, 2010). The public would have a chance to submit their comments concerning the new regulation. The dentistry agency would take about 30 to 160 days responding to every public comment. The proposed rule then becomes the final rule after several modifications to the original proposal. The agency would publish the full response to the public comments. It would update the analysis and justification for the new rule (Mason et al., 2012). The report would also include the public data. If the new law is different from the previously proposed rule, the agency may have to publish it as a proposed rule again for public comments. It goes through the usual steps and if there are no further comments, it becomes codified. The legislative branch should then list it as the Code of Federal Regulations. After the rules are accepted, they must have an effective date when the rules become applicable. Public Heal
Introduction Color symbolism plays an important role in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925). The author uses various colors to accentuate different aspects of life in the United States in the 1920s. In particular, a great deal of attention is paid to representing differences in social status while emphasizing richness and prosperity with the help of gold and silver. Although the color palette presented in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is rich, the problem of differing social status is most vividly described in the novel through the use of golden and silver colors that stand for wealth, success, the Golden Age, and the American Dream. Symbols of Wealth in The Great Gatsby From his first days in the city, Nick Carraway begins to associate life in New York with gold and money. Carraway plans to spend his time reading on “banking and credit and investment securities,” and these books stand on his shelf “in red and gold like new money from the mint, promising to unfold the shining secrets” (Fitzgerald 4). When Carraway comes to Tom Buchanan’s house, he also associates the mansion with prosperity and success while noting that its French windows glow with “reflected gold” (Fitzgerald 6). Thus, Fitzgerald represents Carraway as a person of lower social status than Buchanan but also as someone who wants to achieve success in his life and learn the secrets of the bond business. When Fitzgerald tells the reader about Jay Gatsby, the use of gold and silver adds to Gatsby’s image as a prosperous man and a person who represents the wealthiest class of the Golden Age in the United States. Indeed, when Carraway sees a silhouette of his neighbor for the first time, Gatsby is “standing with his hands in his pockets regarding the silver pepper of the stars” (Fitzgerald 15). Silver is also used in the novel to accentuate the unique sparkle of the moon in New York: “A silver curve of the moon hovered already in the western sky” (Fitzgerald 120). The silver shining of the moon and stars is also associated with the sparkling jewelry worn by women from upper classes of society and only dreamt of by poorer people. Gatsby uses silver and gold in order to emphasize his status and add gloss to his image and appearance. When he prepares
Alistair MacLeod describes in detail a day in the life of a young man, who just turned eighteen, and explores the protagonist’s memories connected to a place of his birth, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The province is well-known for its long-lasting history of coal mining, which started developing there over 250 years ago. The resource extracted by several local mining corporations provided “the driving power for the industries of Quebec and Ontario” for generations (Cape Breton Miners Museum, n.d., para. 4). It is possible to say that, in his story, the author managed to present the reality of Canadian mining with superb authenticity as it matches well the historical facts. Both the father and the grandfather of the main character in MacLeod’s writing worked as miners for their whole lives. The family tradition had commenced as early as 1837, and the young man himself started to go into the mines when being just an adolescent. However, he did not tend to romanticize this hard work as his grandfather and did not express a desire to follow in the footsteps of his father as well. It is possible to say that the character’s aspiration for escaping Cape Breton and pursuing another path in life could symbolize a reduced significance of the mining industry at the national and the global scale, as well as a growing number of opportunities for professional realization for younger people. The protagonist’s unwillingness to continue th
As life expectancy is increasing, the number of individuals who need long-term care is also significantly rising. From my perspective, one of the most complex long-term care decisions is finding a proper service provider. Choosing the right service provider, which will account for the high quality and affordability of the service, is one of the growing concerns of Americans who need long-term care (Harris-Kojetin et al., 2016). This decision is tough to make for middle-class individuals. Impoverished citizens are protected by Medicaid or Medicare, while affluent individuals can afford high-cost providers (Osterman, 2017). However, the middle class, who constitute the vast majority of the US population, are left unprotected, and finding an appropriate service provider is a primary challenge for them. In deciding which provider to choose, individuals often consult with their professionals or family members who do not offer credible options due to their limited awareness or prejudices. Therefore, frequently such decisions entail substantial stress and family conflicts. Health care administrators can assist families and patients in making such challenging long-term care decisions by several measures. First, health care policy-makers can regulate long-term care providers to decrease the fees or implement specific discounts or other opportunities to alleviate the financial burden for service users. Second, health care administrators can launch online programs or free of charge consultations that would inform users about the service providers that best meet their health and financial needs. Such a system would significantly alleviate the challenges that users encounter while identifying long-term care providers. Biblical worldview emphasizes the importance of taking care of other people even without obtaining some personal value in return. This worldview should influence health care providers and administrators in their attempts to provide long-term care for patients. Biblical teachings remind us that nursing and caring are “calling” to take care of the sick (Matthew 25:31-46 as cited in Newbanks et al., 2021). Hence, while providing long-term care for patients, healthcare providers should focus not only on the financial benefit of their service but also on how their service would align wi
Pip is a short name for Phillip. The name stuck to him after he was unable to pronounce his name properly. He could say Pip only. He was an orphan brought up by his sister and her husband. Joe, on the other hand, was a blacksmith who married Pip’s sister. He is good looking and mature. “He was an easy going, foolish, sweet tempered, mild, good natured dear fellow…” (Dickens 7), Pip thought. Pip and Joe were similar in characters yet have different personalities. Charles Dickens uses Pip’s and Joe’s differences in character to communicate his message to the reader through their experiences and virtues. Joe enjoyed great freedom and inner self-worth that Pip had never experienced up to the closing stages of the novel. For instance, when Joe paid a visit to Pip in London, Pip set up a dismal situation. Joe declared with dignity, “Pip, dear chap, life entails so many things combined which calls for people’s attention in an appropriate manner.” Joe was not similar to Pip since he lacked false constraints of social barriers. Pip ‘s character is significant in the novel; he also plays a leading role and his actions craft the plot of the novel. His thoughts and attitudes shape the mind of the reader. Developing and understanding Pip’s character was the most profound step in Great expectation . Joe was honest and simple blacksmith who lived in the marshes. Pip’s principal traits of character were a result if his undeveloped, romantic idealism and his intrinsically first-class scruples. Pip’s focus was to perk up and realize any encroachment in ethics, education, and social matters. Joe was a blacksmith; and they thus differed in thinking which made Pip leave for London to become a gentleman. Joe was always kind and trusted person. Pip admired Joe’s character as a boy. They stayed apart for a long time before seeing each other. This may be associated with their differences i
A theory is usually contrasted with fact and as such, it is erroneously viewed as an idea formed from speculation. In science and psychology, however, a theory articulates principles of observed phenomena which have been validated to some extent (Nelson-Jones, 2006). A theory’s basic components are a set of assumptions and concepts related to each other that explain, describe or predict a phenomenon. It is noteworthy that theories are never proven true; they are only verified by collecting relevant empirical data that supports the theory and a strong theory is one supported by empirical data while a weak theory lacks empirical evidence. A theorist is anyone who uses a theory or explains a theory. Therapists for example, are theorists because they use theories to make sense of a client’s distress and use theoretical principles to alleviate the distress. A theory is very important to a theorist for the following reasons: First, a theory organizes and summarizes knowledge. Principles, assumptions and concepts are the building blocks of a theory and are usually related in such a way that they explain, describe or predict a phenomenon. A good theory is both parsimonious and comprehensive (Gauch, 2003); explaining, describing or predicting a phenomenon with as few words as possible hence acting as a summary presentation of knowledge. In addition, theories act as conceptual frameworks thus organize assumptions, explanations and relationships in a meaningful model. In therapy for example, a theory gives the therapist a means to make sense of a client’s unhelpful behavior, possible reasons why the client developed the behavior, ways the therapist can help the client change the behavior and consolidate the gains on termination of counseling. Secondly, theories act as languages in that they give a theorist a worldview or a way for them to analyze phenomena and make sense of it. In counseling for example, the theoretical framework the therapist subscribes to determines how they approach a problem (Nelson-Jones, 2006). The theoretical framework further influences how therapists handle clients during the counseling period and how they help the clients find solutions to their problems. In this sense, a theory can limit a theorist’s ability to deal with a problem if they subscribe to only one theory as one theory might prove insufficient to deal with the problem. On the other hand, problem-solving capacity is enhanced if a theorist is eclectic as this gives the theorist several angles from which to approach a problem; combining theories if need be. The third reason theories are important to theorists is that theories beget knowledge. Research has its basis in theory and good research is a source of theories which expand existing knowledge or bringing forth new knowledge. A good theory can be disproven (Gauch, 2003) and in doing so, a researcher sets out to test an antithesis to the thesis of the theory. Theory provides a platform on which a theorist makes a predictive hypothesis (Nelson-Jones, 2006) and by collectin
Organisations have learned to establish codes and ethics that assist in giving broad guidelines especially in mental health cases. These organizations are mainly involved in counselling, social work, psychiatry, psychology, marriage, and family therapy as well as human services (Fisher, 2009). However, each mental health organization has their unique codes of ethics (Fisher, 2009). The APA Ethics code is based on several themes. They include, promoting the welfare of consumers, a pledge to practice within the acceptable scope of one’s competence, averting harm, maintaining client confidentiality, upholding ethics and taking responsibilities among other themes. The ethic codes according to APA principles must follow these guidelines to the later. Ethics codes with regard to APA do not necessarily guide or act as blueprints for resolving and addressing ethical dilemmas (Fisher, 2009). This also means that in the presence of ethics codes, judgement and ethical reasoning cannot be ruled out. This is so because every client’s problem is unique hence calling or requiring different approaches for different clients. Totally no single approach can be said to be a solution for all ethics code issues in general. Being a professional is simply learning to adapt to a different culture. APA provides the opportunity for students to learn their acculturation which is vital in developing an ethical identity. Professionals learn to adapt into new and different cultures through training, and research and this knowledge enable them to identify and address psychological issues. According the APA guidelines, the general role of code of ethics is to safeguard the welfare of clients by pursuing what is in their best interest. The APA guidelines therefore apply only to psychologists and all the activities that are under the scope of psychological science. APA ethic codes include clinical and counselling practices, research, teaching, supervising trainees, developing assessment instruments, conducting assessment, additional training among other practices (Csulb. Edu, 2013). The ethical codes are meant to provide a standard for professional conduct (Csulb. Edu, 2013). The legality of professional psychologist having violated the ethics codes cannot be determined in a court action. Nonetheless, some legal proceedings accept the compliance or violation of ethics codes as evidence based on the unfolding circumstances (Csulb. Edu, 2013). Therefore, professional behaviour is measured putting ethics codes into consideration with reference to the applicable laws and regulations as given by the psychologist regulatory boards (AmericanPsychologicalAssociation, 2002). APA provides processing of resolving complaints of unethical conduct (Csulb. Edu, 2013). This is the main advantage that APA gives to professionals. Psychologists work to advance a lawful and dependable frame of scientific awareness grounded in
Real estate in Dubai is supported by both the government and private sector. The government, through various programmes, organises affordable and suitable housing for its citizens. The Sheikh Zayed Housing Programme, established in 1999, provides interest free loans and non-refundable grants for constructing and buying homes (Dubai Land Department 2013). The recipients have to apply and fulfil some requirements before they are considered. The Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment Services organisation, started in 2006, also provides similar services. Agreements with the construction companies help recipients of grants and loans build their homes at a discount (Sheikh Zayed Housing Programme 2013). To meet the high demand for affordable housing, the Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment adopted an initiative that involved outsourcing loans to private banks. In particular, the banks lend money and collect the instalments whereas the establishment acts as a guarantor (Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment 2012). The major private developers in Dubai include the Dubai Properties Group, DAM