ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction White-collar crime has been a growing area of interest among numerous scholars. It has been practiced for thousands of years now. It is a crime committed by individuals or organizations of high profile in the course of their occupation. The scandal surrounding the fall of Enron Corporation is an example of a series of white-collar crimes that were committed. The aim of this research paper is to reveal what various secondary sources of data say about how white-collar was evidenced in the Enron Corporation scandal. After the research data collection method, the subsequent parts of the research entail findings, interpretation and analysis, and finally conclusion. Research Methodology Data Collection Method Secondary Data There has been an ongoing study and research on white-collar crimes by scholars across the globe. Due to this, terabytes of data have been collected and analyzed by several reputable scholars, credible economists, and excellent researchers on the same. Secondary data was therefore the kind of data that was found to be appropriate for this project. The selected secondary data makes use of published data that is already available in books, reports, and publications of several organizations and linked to business and industry, technical and trade journals, and, other sources of published information (Kothari, 2008, p. 111; Sagar, 2002, p. 29). In the process of collection of these data, caution was taken due to the uncertainties that may arise due to the circumstances that surrounded those who compiled the data or because of varying intellectual interpretations. Therefore, to ensure that sufficient caution was exercised in the entire data collection process, the published secondary data was selected based on the following features: Dependability of data To establish that the data to be used in this project was reliable, it was subjected to several tests that entailed some aspects like: who carried out the data collection? From what sources was the data obtained? Were suitable methods applied in the process of data collection? When was the data collected? Was the one compiling data biased in any way? Was there a degree of accuracy that was intended? Was this degree of accuracy attained? (Pride and Ferrell, 2008, p. 135) Appropriateness of Data The data that fits a certain enquiry may not necessarily be applicable in another research. In particular, if the data at hand is inappropriate, it cannot be applied by someone else conducting the research. In regard to this, the researcher is supposed to cautiously put under scrutiny the definition of certain terms and tenets of compilation that were applicable in extracting the data from primary sources initially. On the same note, the object, spectrum, and environment of the initial enquiry should also be studied. Incase the researcher
Background Information The Yakima Regional Medical and Cardiac Center is a 214-bed facility that is found in Central Washington in the USA. The hospital provides a full complement of healthcare services to the residents of Yakima region. It is mainly known for its open-heart surgery, comprehensive robotics, advanced imaging, and neurosurgery services to the inpatients rehabilitation (Rau, 2012). The hospital is a Level I Cardiac and Level II Stroke center with inclusion of Level III trauma designations. It also undertakes pediatric and maternity services among others (Rau, 2012). The staff capacity is above 700 comprising both full and part-time employees. Yakima Residents The people of Yakima County in the USA have been the target of the Yakima Regional Medical Cardiac Center. The facility focuses on alleviating health-related issues including lifestyle diseases such as obesity and cardiac problems. Data provided by the Washington State Department of Health indicates that about 30 percent of the population living in Yakima is said to have lifestyle-related problems. Approximately 22 percent of the residents are below the poverty level (Mokadam et al., 2011). Lifestyle diseases have been noted in both adults and children in the region. For example, obesity has been a major health problem in this region, especially amongst children. In fact, the Washington Department of Health (2011) reveals that 30 and 35 percent children who fall in the eighth and tenth graders are overweight and obese respectively. Other health facilities that offer services in conjunction with the Yakima Medical Regional Medical and Cardiac center include the Yakima Health District (YHD) among others. These health facilities are striving to provide
The history of hypnosis therapy can be traced back to the prehistoric times. However, it is not until the middle of the 20 th century that the use of hypnotherapy in clinical psychology became official and popular. At present, the benefits of hypnosis in clinical care are widely recognized. Thousands of people throw themselves into the state of altered consciousness to improve their health and wellbeing. Of course, the way hypnosis influences the human organism is difficult to understand. For many clinical psychologists, its mechanism is still unclear. Nevertheless, it is possible to say that hypnotherapy will become much more popular, as the whole health care system is shifting towards non-traditional, alternative methods of health regulation. The History of Hypnotherapy As stated earlier, the use of hypnotherapy in psychology is not new. The first descriptions of hypnosis and its power can be found in ancient writings (Whorwell, 2005). However, until the 18 th century, the study of hypnosis and hypnotherapy had been very unsystematic. The first time hypnotherapy became a matter of professional concern was when Franz Anton Mesmer, Austrian physician, described the state of animal magnetism (Whorwell, 2005). Mesmer believed that physical health depended on the balance of the so-called “distribution” fluids, and the use of magnetic fields could potentially restore that balance. He also claimed that placing the patient into a trance-like state was essential to the healing process (Whorwell, 2005). Mesmer was well-known for his eccentric personality, but his idea of animal magnetism eventually survived. With time, magnetism and hypnosis became popular medical approaches in Europe and the United States. In the middle of the 19 th century, Manchester surgeon James Braid was put into the state of trance by a travelling French demonstrator (Whorwell, 2005). He became very interested in the hypnosis technique and wrote a whole book about it. It is in his work that the word “hypnotism” was used for the first time; it came to replace the term “animal magnetism” that originated in Mesmer’s writings. Almost at the same time, another professor of medicine in London was starting to apply the hypnosis technique in his practice (Whorwell, 2005). He had to resign and start a private practice, because his experiments and their outstanding results were generating hostility in the medical community (Whorwell, 2005). During WWII, hypnosis was already used to deal with post-traumatic stress disorder. Hypnotic susceptibility scales were developed to make the use of hypnosis more professional and advanced. Today, hypnosis is quite popular among clinical psychologists and it is actively used to address the most controversial health conditions. The Case of Anna O.: Hypnosis that Changed the World The case of Anna O. was truly a turning point in the evolution and popularization of hypnotherapy. It is possible to say that the outcomes of the case served as a very good basis for the development of h
The On brand is a Swiss-based running shoe company known to have disrupted the sneaker industry in early 2010s. It presented an evolutionary design and technology which sought to limit the ground impact during activity while simultaneously providing an explosive push, innovative at the time when shoes usually had to sacrifice one for the other. The company is international but based in Zurich, Switzerland as its main office with company staff of approximately 500. Its products sell in over 50 countries and 5,000 retailers, reaching a peak in 2019. Overall, it is a relatively small company that has been able to achieve an extraordinarily high-profile success in one of the most competitive and difficult to enter markets due to its brand and technology. One of the primary strengths of On is its innovation, which typically goes beyond competitors and can be seen both in its products (the cloud technology) and its business practices (rapid digitization of sales). However, that fits in with their values to disrupt the market to create the best possible product for the consumer. Notably, upon founding the company, the founders did not put a product right away but worked on a prototype until they were satisfied with the quality and it had undergone rigorous testing in order to actually fulfill its marketing claims. This shows commitment to their values of being straightforward and customer-oriented. The company values quality over quantity. Unlike competitors which can put out tens of various types of running shoes per year, On only has several, and sometimes waiting to release new technology. Their customer-centric approach to sales is also a significant strength, even as the dedicate resources to it across thousands of retailers, fitting in with their values of a small company at its roots where every customer matters. As mentioned while their product offerings are slim allowing to focus on quality, it is also a weakness. Due to this approach On, despite phenomenal products, became a niche company. The brand name is not recognizable outside the athletic and running communities by everyday consumers, and most would not spend the amount of money on a premium-level shoe. It would have been wise to potentially adopt some form their cloud technology in more everyday streetwear. Another weakness is the company’s reliance on external organizations for operation
Defining diversity is as diverse as the concept itself, making its interpretation very judgmental. However, simply, it may refer to the act of valuing people as individuals, customers, employees or clients, without consideration of other factors such as colour, marital status, sexual orientation, marital or family status, disability, political opinions and nationality. Diversity also embraces other relevant qualities such as educational qualifications, individual skills, work experience and language. In a group, individuals usually vary in different ways and dimensions. Diversity refers to how these individuals vary (Norton & Fox, 1997). Most employees resist change due to feelings of pessimism or hopelessness about future professionalism in the organization. Whenever employees feel like their future in the organization is threatened as a result of an impending change process, they are more likely to resist change as compared to when the organization assures them of security. Amongst factors that influence or counterchange resistance includes the provision of adequate information regarding the intended change, inclusion and free communication between employees and organizational heads. Diversity may positively or negatively impact the change process, depending on its type. While others reveal negative influences on change, others have a positive impact and others indicate no relationship between change and diversity. Research indicates that people are more likely to be ethnocentric in groups than as individuals. Therefore, intergroup relationships involve categorization based on certain attributes. These categorizations impact organizational changes in several ways, depending on the type of diversity. Studies on the effects of diversity consider the impact of various types of outcomes of diversity, including disability; gender; education and race. Scholars concede that diversity has both negative and positive effects on organizational operations, especially on organizational change. Whereas some studies reveal a positive correlation between racial diversity and performance, other diversity types elicit very strong relationships (Jackson, 1992). Age diversity may lead to low levels of social interaction, high turnover and bad communication. Lack of interaction affects change in that the rate of learning becomes slow because people are resistant to share knowledge or seek knowledge from others. This also happens when there is bad communication as a result of age diversity. The older employees may feel threatened by the younger employees. This may cause the older employees to resist change. In a case where age diversity influences employee turnover, the organization may find it costly to train new employees on the various changes that are implemented once the old employees leave the organization. Conversely, gender and education diversity elicits positive performance. In a group containing people of different genders, there are higher chances of accepting change as compared to a monogamous group with a single-gender. This is because it is easier for people of different genders to accept opinions
The second industrial revolution, also commonly referred to as the technological revolution, denotes a period of enhanced industrialization, mass production, standardization, and scientific discovery. The first industrial revolution’s end resulted in a slowdown in essential inventions. However, the advent of the second revolution sparked numerous manufacturing innovations, like steel production, the manufacture of interchangeable parts, and innovations in the machine tool industry. Many historians dated the second industrial revolution from 1870 to the First World War in 1914. The second industrial revolution played a critical role in urbanization. Initially, up to 80% of humankind resided in rural areas and depended on animal husbandry and farming (Huberman et al., 2017). The staggering expansion of telegraph and rail lines, gas, sewage systems, and water supply led to a population boom in concentrated regions, resulting in urbanization. The simultaneous introduction of novel technological systems like electrification led to massive migrations to industrialized areas/ towns. For instance, about 10% of Britons resided in London at the end of the 19 th Century, while regions like Manchester also experienced vast population influxes. The surge in urbanization resulted in the exploitation of the working class. As industrialization picked pace, there were no laws regulating worker conditions, and power belonged to a few wealthy individuals as the factory working class suffered. Many slums emerged in the urban areas, and child labor became commonplace. During the population boom in urban regions, contagious diseases became more prevalent. Thousands of people died of ailments like cholera and tuberculosis in centers like London (Kennedy, 2020). At the same time, the industrial revolution led to an unprecedented increase in consumerism and materialism, especially with the technological advancements that produced new goods and services for the masses. The most pronounced impacts of the industrial revolution and urbanization were pollution and environmental destruction. New machines needed large amounts of energy to operate them, resulting in the massive burning of fossil fuels which caused air pollution and smog (Eisen, 2018). The release of industrial effluent and untreated human waste into rivers and the clearing of forests to create space for settlers led to unbridled environmental damage. The period also marked the production of chemicals like plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals, which impacted human and ecological health.
South Africa is one of the African countries that was for a long time under colonization by the white man. Besides, being colonized, the situation in South Africa was quite bad as there was rampant discrimination of the blacks by the white people which came to be known as apartheid. There are restaurants, schools, hospitals, shopping malls and recreational centers in South Africa that were a preserve of the whites only. This meant that black people could not get admission under any circumstances. However, in the year 1994, South Africa got independence and this meant that the black people had freedom to do as they willed in their land. Slowly, most of the white people had to live the country but there are those who opted to remain. This is what presented the dilemma in that how were the white people who remained in South Africa after the apartheid supposed to be treated by the black people who had been ill treated previously by the whites? Were black people going to punish the white people who remained in this country for the heinous acts of discrimination that were committed by their colleagues? This pertinent question is the focus of this discussion and it is based on The Disgrace by J.M. Coetzee. Looking at the storyline, it is clear that the new South Africa which is free from apartheid is bound to undergo some changes. The black community which was previously oppressed by the white community seems keen to sort of revenge for the actions of discriminations by the white. It may not be fair because the white people in the new South Africa are not necessarily the ones who were responsible for the apartheid era but nevertheless one would understand the bitterness of a people who were deprived for many years their rights in their own country. The story begins when David Lurie who is a professor in a university in Cape Town is engaged in an affair with a student and is later accused of sexual harassment. Instead of taking an opportunity to defend himself against allegations leveled against him, Lurie decides to resign and even move from the city to reside with his daughter in the outskirts of the city. “It’s always complicated, this harassment business, David, complicated as well as unfortunate, but we believe our procedures are good and fair, so we’ll just take it step by step, play it by the book” ( Coetzee, 2000,p. 45) The area where his daughter resides is one that was considered as belonging to the black community during the apartheid era. “There is tension from both sides as Lurie begins to stay in black community area. He fears that he may be treated unfairly by the black community who are still angered by the kind of treatment they faced during the apartheid era” (Coetzee 2000). The black community on the other hand is suspicious of this w
Summary UMRS requires a technology solution that enables mobile communications for natural and anthropogenic disasters. Such a solution should ensure sufficient range and stability of the communications solution, as well as the resilience of its platform that would allow it to remain mobile and operational in disaster areas. To end, the proposed solution is a TB9400 communications suite from Tait Communications mounted on a HUMVEE, a military-grade off-road vehicle. This work proposes an implementation plan for this solution. General Implementation Plan The previous investigation into the subject revealed that the actual pricing of TB9400 is not revealed by the manufacturer but assumed to be significant. As such, the first step towards implementing the technology is negotiating a supplier contract with Tait Communications. However, before that, UMRS needs to start with pilot testing in one area or one disaster response (if applicable). To that end, it is first necessary to determine the scope of the project, and outline at the minimum:   * A minimum number of vehicles must be outfitted with the solution to be effective.   * Based on this, the minimum requirements for the maintenance and support infrastructure, including technical staff.   * Personnel requirements: minimal operator training and operational requirements. Based on these estimates, a best-case budget can be drafted and used to determine the project’s feasibility. Assuming the result is positive, the necessary equipment, specialists, and training can be sourced, and field testing can commence. Based on its results, the project’s implementation can proceed to field deployment, extension, and standardization processes. Comprehensive feedback should be collected at every step and used to inform decisions on subsequent steps in the implementation plan. It is critical to note that since these steps are contingent on one another and multiple changes can occur during one that affects the future steps or the entire project. As such, ensuring appropriate documentation of every process and swift and reliable communications with researchers, stakeholders and suppliers are critical. Documentation can be achieved by improved oversight and inclusion of appropriate stakeholders in the research, development, and implementation processes. Communication requires this documentation to be converted into an accessible format and distributed via e-mail and mass communication (website, press releases) to other stakeholders. Stakeholders The primary stakeholders are passive — those potentially affected by the disasters the UMRS project seeks to prevent or mitigate. Others include local emergency services, which need to be prepared to coordinate with UMRS or utilize the communications capacity the project provides as necessary. Local governments are another stakeholder with a significant influence on UMRS policy, as operating during an emergency, utilizing radio frequencies, and military-grade vehicles on public roads can all be causes for concern. They will probably require additional efforts to obtain the