ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Rapid advancements in the healthcare system and demand for quality of care offer exciting career opportunities as well as challenges to health care providers to keep abreast with growing research knowledge. Though nursing theories provide a strong conceptual base for practice, acumen for research “uncovers scientific evidence for best practice,” and research utilization skills enable health care providers to bring fresh ideas and proven interventions to health care consumers. (Lindeke et al, 2005, p.3). It is envisaged that a well-structured PICO question can help researchers in health care to find crucial information from different databases. Hence an attempt has been made to formulate PICO questions related to drug abuse among school-aged children and search databases of Medline, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. Substance abuse is prevalent in all age groups and it is a serious problem among adolescents. Many factors are contributing to a person’s risk for drug abuse, and a family environment that lacks attachment and ineffective parenting, association with drug-abusing peers, and easy drug availability often exposes children to delinquent behavior. Risk periods for drug abuse in a child’s life are linked with major life transitions, and studies show that the risk of transition to substance use disorders (SUD) increased with age. In this context, it is proposed to search prominent databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, etc., that provide evidence-based, peer-reviewed clinical research information. PubMed is a service promoted by the federal government, and National Library of Medicine under the National Institute of Health, has “over 18 million citations from MEDLINE and other life science journals for biomedical articles back to 1948.” ( To get started with PubMed, enter one or more search terms , (n.d)). PubMed Central is a free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH), developed and managed by National Centre for Biotechnology (NCBI) in the National Library of Medicine. ( PMC overview , 2008). “CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing & Allied Health Literature) is a database of citations from 1982 to the present to articles published in nursing and allied health journals.” (How to search CINAHL, 2008). CINAHL is considered as most useful when searching for scholarly, research, and evidence-based articles from health and behavior science journals. Defining the topic in the form of a question or statement and separating the question into specific logical components or concepts is the principal strategy to search the CINAHL database. Next stage is choosing a subject heading from medical subject heading (MeSH) and using it to describe concept of study. Appropriate terminology is crucial in locating and hitting upon citations about the selected topic It is envisaged that a well-structured PICO question c
Globally, over 14,000 animal species face a risk of extinction. The reasons for the near extinction include poaching, habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, pollution, diseases, climate change, and low birth rates (IUCN, 2021). Some of the most endangered species include the Javan rhino, African elephants, black rhino, snow leopards, orangutans, the vaquita, Amur leopards, and the eastern lowland gorillas. With the appropriate conservation measure, endangered animals may increase over time. Captive breeding and reintroduction are among the most effective conservation approaches. They involve capturing, breeding, and rearing endangered animals in wildlife reserves, zoos, or aquariums to help increase their numbers. After a significant number is raised, the animals can then be released back to their natural habitats. For example, in 1982, only 22 California condors existed in the wild; however, captive breeding increased the number to 425 in 2014 (Association of Zoos & Aquarium, n.d). Thus, when threats are reduced, the rare species can improve in numbers. Habitat protection is critical in ensuring the safety of endangered animals. Protected areas where endangered species can be placed include nature reserves, national parks, and wildlife refuges. There are various marine reserves and protected areas that prohibit fishing, thus safeguarding the marine species. In this case, New Zealand has several marine reserves that protect sea turtles, aquatic mammals, and some fish species such as manta rays and white pointer sharks (Ministry for Primary Industries, n.d). Additionally, some laws and regulations safeguard wildlife at state, national, and global levels to prevent animal extinction. In this case, CITES or the Washington convention significantly regulates the global trade of wild animals. This treaty restricts and controls any trade involving endangered species to ensure they do not become extinct In conclusion, human activity and climate change continually threaten some wild animals’ survival. Nonetheless, appropriate conservation methods such as captive breeding and habitat protection can ensure the continuous reproduction of these species. The enactment of state, national and global laws that safeguard wild animals also promotes the survival of these species. Human beings have a responsibility to ensure the protection of wild animals and their habitats. Global warming is one of the biggest threats to animal and plant sur
Introduction The United States Army is known as one of the most powerful military forces in the world that remains unmatched by the capabilities of the other states (Defense Science Board 5). At the same time, history knows a number of conflicts in which the U.S. military force failed to accomplish most of its tasks and performed badly compared to the anticipated results; some of the most recent conflicts of this kind include Desert Storm, Somalia, Afghanistan, and Iraq, Kosovo, and Panama (Hoffman par. 3). This tendency indicated that what is referred to as “the American way of war” has been facing challenges. In other words, there are several areas of limitations that prevent the United States from translating its military efforts into the political outcomes that are expected or desired. This paper will evaluate three of such areas of limitations – weak strategic planning, intelligence or failure to adequately evaluate the capabilities of the adversaries, and fighting away from the homeland on unfamiliar territory. In this paper, the three aforementioned challenges will be explored in reference to two of the most well-known military conflicts: one from the recent years – the Second Gulf War (or Iraq War), and one from the previous generation – the Vietnam War. The analysis of the challenges will be based on the use of clear examples and historical facts from both conflicts to demonstrate the manifestations of all the explored weaknesses of the U.S. military force. Hard Power of the United States: Overview Today, political scientists, diplomats, and philosophers recognize three different types of power – soft, hard, and smart. These terms were first introduced by Joseph Nye; they represent the approaches of various political agents toward the use of power and its nature (Quirk 1). The general definition of power used by several different authors describes it as the ability to influence the people, states, or circumstances in order to achieve what is desired (Pallaver 12; Quirk 1). The soft and hard forms of power are seen as the opposite approaches; the former relies on military force and economic capabilities, whereas the latter works through such impacts are values, beliefs, culture, and policies as means to produce an effect on another state. Smart power is a relatively new concept that occurred only a few decades ago to represent a mixture of both powers, an approach that contains the significant features of soft and hard strategies. Smart power is rather relevant in the contemporary world where the state-agents attempt—remembering the harsh lessons of the past—to avoid military conflicts that bring destruction
It is imperative for every organization to conduct an effective training program to ensure that new employees in a company are effective and productive (Ohio State University, 2013). It is crucial for an organization to have a well-defined training procedure that forms a basis for the training of new workers. When a company has put a lot of resources in the recruitment of new employees, it is then vital for the company to invest in the training of the recruits to maximize on their potential and productivity (Johnson, & Lenius, 2003). A firm can get into big losses by not engaging in the proper training of its new employees. In the case of Keraco, the new employees need to be taken through all the aspects of the company ranging from the history of the company to the technical aspects of what they will engage in; especially in their roles in electric wheelchairs products. The efficacy of this process will go a long way in determining how the employees will perform in their line of duty. For Keraco to carry out an effective training program, they need to ensure that they put in place the right program that corresponds to the topic to be addressed. For instance, to train the new employees on history, company policies and their product line, the trainers should use an oral presentation because the topics to be taught involve theoretical information. The company should employ the use of visual aids such as slide shows in their presentations to help in improving the understanding of the new employees. This will help in enhancing learning by the new employees as what they will be taught will be illustrated by slideshows. For the three topics of history, company policy and product lines, the trainers need to also make printed copies for the employees to read on their own as they take them through the training. The trainers should also show the new employees the samples of the company’s products so that the recruits have product knowledge of the company. Pictures and audio-visual aids can also be used to enhance learning in this instance. The new employees should also be given time to ask questions and also provide their feedback (Howe, 2013). Training on the other aspects of the company which involves manufacturing plant safety protocols, electric wheelchair parts, wheelchair housing and primary wheel-base assembly, design and troubleshooting of the wheelchair power-pack and electric wheelchair functions and controls is technical. Training for these topics needs to be split into one day sessions to ensure that the training is effective. For instance, to train in safety, the trainers should take the new employees on a step by step process on the safety procedures in the company. For electric wheelc
Del Monte Foods Company is a processing plant that deals with the production of consumer products and pet foods from the processing of fruits, vegetables and ingredients. In aiming at reducing production costs while maximizing output, they locate their processing plants close to where their raw materials are located. Raw materials used by this company include, energy which consists of natural gas, fruits, vegetables, aluminum cans, tomatoes, grains such as corn, sugar, spices, meats, meat by-products and fats. Fruits like bananas and pineapples are obtained from Caribana in Costa Rica. The pea and corn processing plant in Markesan obtain its raw materials from growers in Central Illinois, Southern Wisconsin and Central Sands which is an area in Central Wisconsin (Fiscal, 2007). Del Monte Foods started its operations in Markesan, where it performed green beans operation. Seasonal production of whole kernel and cream corn, organic peas and baby whole carrots were carried out in Toppenish, a Washington state. Yakima in south central Washington State is a plant responsible for packing dark sweet cherries and Bartlett pears. Cambria located in north of Madison processes peas, green beans, wax beans and corn. Plover is a processing plant responsible for production of green beans, potatoes, beets and carrots. Another crystal city processing plant is in Zavala county and Texas winter Garden region (Jackson, 2009). Del Monte Foods Company has its core in California manufacturing base where most of its products are manufactured. This is because of it being close to the place where the raw materials are found. Del Monte products are manufactured in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Henig, 2008). Distribution of products involves taking the product to the market that is to the customers, at the right time, and in the right condition. Del Monte Foods sells its products through U.S grocery stores. It has ten distribution centers in U.S. Another distribution centre is in Northeast Pennsylvania. Also there is a distribution center in Western states located in Lathrop, California, located closer to Californian production facilities. Retail business include, trade rail and truck service to California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Utah, Montana, Idaho, Alaska and Hawaii together with export trade and transfer sea van to the Pacific Rim. Food service business includes: transfer rail and truck service to the US (Blumer, 2007). Del Monte Foods is responsible for the production, distribution and marketing of pet products and food products for the US retail market. It therefore deals mainly in these two major products. Its headquarters is located at San Francisco in California. The major drawback of the company is the high rise of the price of raw materials, especially that of corn. This is
In today’s complicated financial situation, managers responsible for the compensation decision-making process appear under the great pressure because of the necessity to find the compromise between the desire to treat the personnel right and still fit into the tough budget. In this paper, the factors that need to be taken into consideration while making decisions regarding employee compensation rates will come into focus. Overall, evaluation of facts suggests that the main factors to consider for the best decision-making as for the funds allocation for the salary payment are budget limitations, company goals, the situation in the human resource sector, and the workers’ performance rates. The decision-making process for the compensation rates approval is a complex process that needs to take a row of circumstances into attention. First, finance committee and executive committee need to take into consideration the fact that the budget of the institution is limited, and the raise in compensation rates can be challenging under such circumstances (Hirsch & Schumacher, 2012). In addition, there is an improved employee turnover over the past years and many people are in a queue to be employed in the organization. On the other hand, the members of the board of directors do not have to forget about the importance of proper financial motivation for the best performing workers. Based on the recommendations offered in Gerhart, Milkovich, and Newman (2014)
Business Strategy Alibaba Group has been known as one of the pioneers in e-commerce, online retail, and other areas of the digital market for holding companies. Having entered the market when it was only starting to gain traction among general audiences and practically having built it from scratch, Alibaba Group has grown into a juggernaut of online retail (Tan, Tan, & Pan, 2016). As a result, the firm has been enjoying quite substantial flexibility in its decision-making as far as the business strategy of its choice is concerned. The current business strategy of Alibaba can be described as a business-to-business (B2B) platform based on which the organization has been developing its marketing strategy and gaining the attention of its target audiences. Namely, the company seeks to digitalize every possible process across its value chain in order to transfer to the realm of the e-market completely. To achieve this goal, Alibaba Group will need to consider the entirety of its supply chain infrastructure, which includes its inbound and outbound logistics processes, its strategy toward managing communication across the SC, and the approach used for public relations. Appropriateness The focus on digitalization as one of the main phenomena observed n the global market is noteworthy. The inclusion of the tool that helps the organization to reach the standards set by an organization working in the global community is an essential tool in managing the instances of intolerance and the lack of compliance with the set standards for gender interactions. The importance of using the matrix model as opposed to the other two options that the model provides lies in the outcomes that each of the other two strategies provides. It is quite unusual that the case mentioned by Rick does not represent an immediate threat in the form of his uncle. Overall, the appropriateness of the communication model at hand has to be recognized especially high due to the effects of the matrix framework, The opportunity to organize processes within the company simultaneously encouraging organizational development was a worthy goal to pursue. In turn, Alibaba could have made efficient use of the first method of application setting the process of establishing Adidas san actual physical company in the Lego world is quite touching. The rationale for Developing International Competitive Capabilities The basic reasoning behind the current approach used at Alibaba to help the company remain afloat in the environment of the global market is that the firm needs to expand and grow by encompassing a larger number of customers. Thus, the rationale for creating the international competitive capability described above is quite simple. However, although the active attempts at embracing the digital market and using it to retain Alibaba’s influence in the global market are understandable, they seem to ignore the factors that make Alibaba so popular among its target audiences. To keep its services fresh and new to its clients and at the same time retain its brand name recognition levels, Alibaba will need to focus on the improvement in the quality of its services, especially as far as the prob
Sterling was a spoon unlike any other; supposedly made from the finest silver and inlaid with gold and intricate designs from stem to head; he distinguished himself as a spoon fit only for the hands of the king. Every day he was at the king’s table being used on all manner of fresh soups and pudding as well as the most intricate of chocolate cakes and pies. His was a place of honor and prestige that was looked upon with awe and envy by all the other utensils within the kitchen. Yet this was not always the case, Sterling was originally nothing more than an ordinary blacksmith’s dinner spoon named Chuchara who was used on plain foods such as boiled cabbage in water or meat scraps baked into a poorly made pie. Despite this, Chuchara was happy; the blacksmith had a loving family who treated all the utensils within the home with loving care and affection. Each night, after a meal was finished, he was lovingly washed and dried by the blacksmith’s daughter. Placed with his other friends, Tenedor the fork and Chuchilo the knife, Chuchara lived a calm and peaceful life with his loving friends and family. One day, while he lay in a bowl of half-finished cabbage soup in the blacksmith’s workshop, he noticed the blacksmith toil away on creating a new dinner set for the king. He looked on with awe as each spoon, knife, and fork was made with the finest materials, inlaid with the most intricate of designs, and set with jewels, pearls, and all manner of finery. Looking at his plain body with no designs, no jewels, inlays, or any type of finery, Chuchara grew despondent and envious at the utensils being made by the blacksmith. He realized that he would not have a special destiny, that all that would become of him would be a life of being nothing more than the spoon of a blacksmith’s family. Deciding to challenge his fate, Chuchara secretly opened the cabinet door one day while all the inhabitants of the home were sleeping. Going into the blacksmith’s workshop he saw the furnace where the next and final spoon for the dinner set of the king would be created. Bracing himself, Chuchara jumped into the boiling pot of silver in the furnace and was no more. The next day the blacksmith brought the completed dinner set to the king and was rewarded handsomely for his fine craftsmanship, especially with the last spoon which shone more brilliantly than any other in the set. So it was that Chuchara became Sterling, the Royal Spoon, and achieved what he thought was the best possible future for himself. However, he soon found out that the other utensils within the set of the king were all so jealous of him that they refused to speak to him even when they were in the same drawer. The loving treatment he used to get from the blacksmith’s daughter was replaced with the cold and callous hands of the palace dishwasher who scrubbed and scrubbed until he was gleaming despite his protests. In the end, he found himself alone with all his finery yet with none of the love and affection that he had taken for granted as well as no one to talk to. So ends the tale of Sterling, the Royal Spoon, who became nothing more than a royal fool.
The political factors that influence oil price and oil demand Political factors across the world have clearly emerged to be among numerous factors that affect oil prices and demand. For instance, the Gulf War appeared as one of the political turmoil that the world has ever experienced and it affected the oil sector in several ways. In fact, the Gulf War resulted into increased oil demand in various republics. Since the demand for oil was exponentially growing, approximately 40,000 gallons of oil were used globally per second (Goodstein, 2008). However, the Gulf War and other political activities reduced the supply of oil. The resultant effect was that several persons were left demanding for oil given that the events reduced the accessibility to oil and oil proceeds, as well as increased the costs of oil. The fight over the regulation of oil prices and supply between the loyal oil producers greatly affected the charged price per barrel. While most OPEC countries strived to increase oil prices to fund the foreign debts as well as finance the armed forces and national requirements, countries namely Iran, Iraq, UAE, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia aspired to maintain comparatively lower oil prices. The latter group was interested in securing the enduring markets for oil and oil products. From the differing interests, Oil Producing and Exporting Countries had to fight over oil price regulation and supply (Aleklett , 2012). The political battles and the Gulf War reduced the quantity of oil supplied, increased the prices charged per barrel, and significantly reduced the demand. The third world oil producing states were in a position to authorize, and dictate the price and utilization of the oil resources owned. The control over this precious resource evidently affected the demand for oil causing the global major oil corporations’ to shift their interests in oil dealings. In fact, when political battles hit the major oil producers and markets, companies had to transfer their efforts in exploring oil and capital expenditure to non-OPEC expanses that seemed politically secure. The shift reduced the quantity of oil supplied, increased charged prices, and thus negatively affected the demand. To minimize oil shortages and reduce the high oil prices, Western states politically established substitute energy sources to cater for the increased oil demands. From the initiated renewable energy sources, the worldwide production of the OPEC’s shares in the market reduced from 54.0% to 30.0% (Siegel & Nelder, 2008). Thus, the intercession by Western nations ensured that oil producing and exporting countries had minimal influence to dictate the charged oil prices that accrued due to high demands. The political cons of the Gulf War saw amendments, marketplace responses, and politic