ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The main theme of this research is to prove that body language in court hearings can influence the interpretation process. A questionnaire was used in finding out how body language (eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures, and others) manipulate interpretation in the corridors of justice. Many people think that verbal language is the most efficient way of communication, but body language passes across more information. The results showed that body language is responsible for most of our communication, is foolproof, and carries with it a lot of significance. For these reasons, the guiltiness or innocence of suspects can be easily determined and judges should embrace this for accurate judgment. Introduction Expressing or putting across what one wants, what one feels, what an individual thinks, or stating one’s opinion is another way of communicating for interpersonal effectiveness. Although verbal communication (listening and comprehending what an individual tries to put across) is regarded as the most efficient way of communication, body language (eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures, and others) on the other hand plays an equally important role in communication. When an individual chooses to communicate, he/she does it to execute a certain need. The individual while communicating might need something, he or she might be feeling uncomfortable or he/she has feelings and thoughts to put across. As stated by Nadig (1992) “In deciding to communicate, the person selects the method or code which he/she believes will effectively deliver the message to other people. The code used to send the message can be either verbal or nonverbal. When the other parties receive the coded message, they go through the process of decoding or interpreting it to understand and meaning”. “Effective ways of communicating exists between the sender of the information and the receiver when the person receiving this information decodes it and gets the meaning out of it in the very way the person conveying the information intended it” (Nadig, 1992). A study states that while communicating face-to-face, what we say accounts for only ten percent of the intended message. Whilst body language is responsible for most of our communication, verbal communication passes across the rest of the message (Bluff, 2002). This kind of communication is necessary, because when you pass one message verbally and the other one with body language the recipients are more likely to consider the message you are communicating using your body. Many people consider body language that encompasses body movements, facial expressions and levels of eye contact, mannerism, postures, gestures, and other forms of passing across the information using the body as important ways to pass information across (Ekman, 1997). There is the saying that sometimes actions speak louder than words, which is why body language is used in the determination of many factors. This may be like dealing with a deaf individual, c
Positive psychology encompasses the study of the things that make life worth living and it should be scientifically supported. It mainly focuses on the study of human thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. Positive psychology also focuses on picking the strengths rather than focusing on the weaknesses. It encompassed building good life instead of going back to repair the bad energy. It focuses on uplifting the lives of the average person instead of moving the lives of those struggling to normal. It is more concerned with eudaimonia, which is another word for a good life. It tries to explain that individuals live based on factors of life that have the most outstanding value and those that contribute to better well-being. Positive psychology comprises certain elements: positive emotions, meaning, engagements, interest, and purpose. The above features are learned and help people flourish and live their lives in the best way possible. A sense of feeling good and being happy demonstrates positive emotions. It is scientifically proven that people with positive emotions can create more connections which helps them develop more categories hence improving their creativity levels. By being emotionally positive, people perform to their best and improve work relationships. Engagement is another element of positive psychology; it includes flow. It states that for human beings to exceed a certain level of performance, they must be wholly involved in a task that is slightly above their skill level (Gulliford & Kristjánsson, 2017). Happiness is a result of people facing problems that can neither be grouped as challenging nor easy based on individuals’ capabilities. Regarding the element of meaning, attitude, choice, and behaviors directly affect the well-being of an individual. Even though positive emotions are a ticket to healthy living, a more prof
Abstract ideas According to Locke, an abstract idea is an idea which opens with a general term or terms. In this idea, the words are not arbitrarily used but stand for concepts which in turn represent things. This means that abstract ideas are not necessarily images as images can not be completely abstract (Locke II.8.8) Abstract ideas are applied in perceptual judgement by picking out the common elements from the perceptions which look alike. According to Locke, this process is called abstraction. For example, when a person sees an object, the abstract idea that is registered about in the mind is the shape and brightness. Therefore, accustomed use of an object affects our perceptual judgement (Locke II.8.8-10). According to Locke, the acquisition of abstract ideas (abstraction) is achieved through experien
Moral values are a large concept that researchers have experienced a difficult time defining. Scientists have explained moral values as the fundamental human emotions or reactions and experiences that drive individuals in distinctive ways (Aminin et al., 2018). Some that I think are definitive of a life well lived include respect, honesty, respect for religion, and justice. With this arrangement, an individual can grow mentally and academically, learning every aspect of socialization ranging from society, education, and work. Respect is a moral value that is taught to children at a young age. It is trained to help them have a fulfilling social life with their peers, people older than them, and their teachers. Respect is an essential moral aspect as, in a way, it assists individuals to avoid trouble and formulate ways to solve conflicts. I ranked it as the first moral value as I feel it positively impacts an individual during their youthful stage. Honesty is a moral thing always to be honest, but honesty can land one in trouble. There have been cases of innocent people being incarcerated for other people’s wrongdoings. When viewed from a socialization aspect, honesty can help one gain respect from their elders, which guarantees a prosperous life. When one learns this aspect at an early age, it can help acquire good grades in school and help with a job promotion in the work setting. Religion depicts the type of values individuals hold, and as people grow, they adopt their own beliefs while others divert from their older religion. All people are equal regardless of their religion, and this teaches individuals to respect different religious beliefs, which is morally upright. Over the years, other faiths have risen, and people have created laws that allow a citizen the right to choose their religion. Justice value was supposed to be incorporated into the list since there would be no law and order without justice. When one speaks up on wrongdoing, a disaster is prevented, enhancing peaceful interactions between different people. With justice, individuals can uphold their moral values, and there are few or no instances of theft and other harmful behaviors. Justice controls harmonious interactions between individuals and their surroundings. Without proper education on moral values, people develop moral vices that, on many occasions, are not accepted in society. I ranked the vices as follows, fear, arrogance, envy, greed, and bias. When fear is induced in an individual, it can make irrational decisions that eventually get them in danger. Fear is a vice that is unacceptable to society as it can cause damage (Spiegel, 2020). Still, when an individual or organization is fearless, they make rational decisions that enable them to progress. Fear creates failure to act in agreement with our values when faced with harmful circumstances. Too much pride causes arrogance, and this happens when in
Ecuador is a Latin American country belonging to OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), a thirteen-member organization of oil exporters. Its petroleum output is low compared to other OPEC member states; hence OPEC considers it among its small petroleum producers. However, the petroleum industry in Ecuador enjoys local supremacy as the main source of income because of the oil-centered resource strategy in the country for the past forty years (Martz, 1987). Nevertheless, the oil industry in Ecuador faces recurrent risks of depleting its reserves. When oil mining started in the 1970s, a military government in office at that time apportioned half of the oil payments to the military expenditure. Rising administration expenses together with flamboyant oil use led to high inflation rates and a large difference between the wealthy and the poor (Martz, 1987). By the 1980s, petroleum supply could not meet the country’s public demand and export. At that time, a constitutional government had substituted the military regime. Jaime Roldo, a presidential aspirant, quoted that Ecuador needed to increase its oil reserves in order to avert becoming a petroleum buyer during his presidential campaigns (Martz, 1987). However, his reign did little to help as oil reserves kept dwindling despite his effort to implement stringent policies. Ecuador did not face serious conflicts over oil control. CEPE (Corporacion Estatal Petrolera Ecuatoriana), an entity activated in 1972 controlled Ecuadorian oil and was “the principal instrument for the State to control its sovereignty over its natural resources” (Martz, 1987, p. 271). CEPE ran its operations together with Texaco bloc. Deforestation is the main environmental concern that oil mining causes in Ecuador. Most of the native woodlands have vanished, with only a small number of them remaining especially in private scenery reserves (Palmerlee, Grosberg & McCathy, 2006). A few forests in the Ecuadorian Amazon are intact, although disintegration remains a threat. Deforestation began after the unearthing of oil. Construction of roads and the subsequent arrival of colonialists further worsened the situation. Apart from oil mining, tree cutting for timber and livestock keeping have also contributed to deforestation. Inhabitants of the rainforests who rely on the rivers for domestic water use have drastically felt the deforestation effects (Palmerlee et al., 2006). Water is another natural resource that oil mining affects. Oil remains and oil refining chemicals spill into water bodies causing contamination. Consequently, water pollution affects the water flora and fauna. The most regrettable incident is that the Ecuadorian autho
Data gathering The process of undertaking a study involves a lot of processes and thus it is imperative to conduct a study on the subject matter. In our case, the company we are dealing with is Air Arabia and the specific topic involves looking at staff rewards. In the methodology, we looked at how companies undertake reward schemes for their employees, and thus we have to collect data on the issue within Air Arabia. Air Arabia is a company that has one of the most qualified and competent staff within the airline industry and thus, the company has to maintain these employees. The main issues that we examined in the process of undertaking the study on staff motivation were based on the best reward model, the purpose of rewards systems within the work environment, and ways in which reward systems assist in the purpose of achieving organizational goals. In the process of conducting this study, the best tools that we made use of include questionnaires and interviews. These data gathering tools were effective in the process of collecting data in a company that employs a lot of people. The questionnaires were administered to different people working in different departments of the company. The questionnaires were administered to 200 different employees working for Air Arabia international. These questionnaires must meet reliability and validity tests that are supposed to ensure that the study meets the set-out criteria. For instance, in the process of undertaking this test we made sure that data is gathered from all employees working for Air Arabia International. Once all these questionnaires were prepared, the major procedure that was supposed to follow was ensuring that all questions are answered. As a result, all the questionnaires were prepared and mailed out to all employees at an appropriate time since the process of administering questionnaires can be quite tedious. Moreover, the administration of questionnaires rarely needs the input of the administrator. The use of questionnaires in the process of data gathering had the following advantages:  1. It enabled us to collect a lot of information from a group of selected individuals at Air Arabia International within a short period of time.  2. Due to anonymity, questionnaires might reveal sensitive information from the respondents.  3. The data collected by the use of these questionnaires were specific to Islamic banking in Oman and the Middle East region.  4. The information gathered through the use of these questionnaires is reliable and valid since most of the questions were close-ended.  5. Questionnaires are simple to construct and at the same time easy to analyze.  6. Questionnaires are cheap and cost-effective to administer. While the use of questionnaires was effective for this study of rewards effectiveness at Air Arabia International, the disadvantages of the use of questionnaires include:  1. Questionnaires are prone to misunderstanding if the respondents do not understand the questions asked.  2. In some cases, it might take a lot of time to analyze a large nu
Introduction In the recent past I was involved in development of new payroll software for our organization. The project implementation kicked off very well but failed in the way. The reason why this project failed is because we failed to document the processes and that we need the system to automate. I believe we failed in this project because we overlooked this initial essential step. Before starting implementing the project we never documented all the processes and procedures that will be employed all through. Discussion The reason behind the failure of the project was that we never clearly documented the old project processes and procedures and how they were to be changed to the new ones were employing in the project we were implementing. The project lacked a well defined beginning point which in essence brought more challenges in defining and verifying the organizational goals associated with the project. We also failed to give allowance for defining the implementation process. This is very critical in determining the success of the project and thus efforts should be made to attain this. The primary flaw in our project implementation that led to its failure was in the process definition. For process definition to be successful there ought to be a clear gap between the organization stakeholders and the Information technology stakeholders (Myers & Guzman, 2007). In other words, the most excellent way to attain a successful project implementation is to record al
Although the U. S. government has recently introduces a great number of programs, the problem of excess weight is still on the current agenda in health care. Annually, the country spends over $ 150 billion to avert the obesity rates, but only Columbia district demonstrates the decline. In this respect, the health and educational programs initiated in schools are not efficient enough to confront the serious problem. Indeed, the shocking statistics proves that one third of the population is obese. What is more threatening is that 7 % of children from more than 6000 middle schools belong to the category of severely obese students ( Nightline from ABC NEWs ). In this respect, specific attention should be paid to various contexts and factors that aggravate the situation in the United States. Although many children take part in weight control programs initiated in schools, it is highly unlikely that they are aware of the actual reasons for the excess weight. The research studies have shown that the current products offered to consumers contain one single ingredient – fructose that is made of corn ( Nightline from ABC NEWs ). It is much cheaper than sugar and, therefore, producers are more prone to use it. In fact, fructose might be the reason for fast-growing rates of obesity. In particular, it has been defined that, when fructose is consumed, the brain signal makes organism feel even hungrier and, as a result, a human feels like starving even though he/she does not need more food intakes. Multiple ingredients and food processing also contribute to increasing obesity rates. In fact, the food manufacturers introduce products that are fat, salty, and sweet. These are three major components that are used in mass food production. In fact, human bodies are not adapted to this food environment. Rather, they should consume products of natural origin. In addition, food processing is another concern that the consumers should face because it also has a negative consequence for metabolism. Therefore, although people are aware of the fact that natural products, such as fruits and vegetables, are much healthier than packed food, they still consume everything that is proposed by the market. In fact, there are other marketing strategies that make customers believe they can start eating healthier food. In particular, introduction of green checkmark on the packages deceive buyers and make them buy products that are not healthy at all ( Nightline from ABC NEWs ). The problem is that people are still willing to buy these products because they are reluctant to learn more about healthy eating. This is of particular concern to our food intakes patterns and habits. Although vegetables and fruits are healthier, people stick to their usual habits because it is much more convenient and less ti
Introduction Solid waste poses a significant threat to a variety of ecosystems. In marine ecosystems, solid waste threatens the lives of various organisms, including fish and animals. The marine life of the Arabian Gulf suffers from a significant amount of solid waste in the water. To prevent further environmental damage, it is critical to find sustainable solutions. Ideally, the chosen solution should serve to both cleans up solid waste and recycle it. The present paper will explore the impact of solid waste on the ecosystem of the Arabian Gulf and possible solutions to the problem. Main body The Arabian Gulf is located in the subtropical region of the Middle East. As explained by Naser (2014), it is a semi-enclosed sea that constitutes part of the Arabian Sea Ecoregion in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. The average depth in the Arabian Gulf is 35 meters, which makes it rather shallow (Naser, 2014). The unique location of the Arabian Gulf creates a variety of environmental conditions for organisms. According to Naser (2014), “the Arabian Gulf supports a range of coastal and marine ecosystems such as mangrove swamps, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and mud and sand flats” (p. 297). For this reason, marine life in the Arabian Gulf is rich and diverse and includes various types of fish, animals, corals, and other organisms. For example, the Arabian Gulf is home to numerous species of fish, turtles, and sharks, as well as humpback dolphins, sea snakes, and dugongs (“Marine life,” n.d.). This feature of the Arabian Gulf attracts divers and tourists who want to experience nature. Nevertheless, the ecosystem of the Arabian Gulf is under pressure due to human activity. Naser (2014) claims that the species of fish and animals living in the Gulf are threatened by the rising sea temperature, as well as dredging and reclamation. One of the key threats to marine life in the Arabian Gulf comes from pollution. There are multiple sources of pollution in the area, including “industrial waste, brine wastewaters, ports and refiners, oil spills, and domestic sewage” (Naser, 2014, p. 298). These factors play a crucial role in the deterioration of marine ecosystems in the Arabian Gulf. Solid waste is among the most devastating sources of pollution since it endangers a great variety of organisms. First of all, solid waste deposits in seabeds, disturbing the natural habitat of fish and other organisms (UN Environmental Programme, n.d.). This can restrict animals’ access to breeding sites, thus affecting their population count. Secondly, solid waste poses a direct threat to the life of fish and animals since they can get stuck in it and suffocate, die from wounds, or starve to death (UN Environmental Programme, n.d.). The ingestion of waste can also cause illn
Which one is superior: male or female superheroes? The research on the gender differences between male and female superheroes falls under the gender research from sociological, psychological and political points of view. There are some amounts of research conducted on coloring books, comic books and cartoon characters in order to see the ways by which gender differences are depicted. Some researchers focus on the issue from a theoretical point of view while some others have focus on the effects of these gender stereotypes depicted in mass media organs. Yet some other works give their primary focus to practical applications of comic books in classrooms to teach various subjects such as race, equality, gender, patriotism and American history among others. My topic is based on the debate on gender indifference when it comes to portrayal of women in the media. The research will examine a number of comic books and the remarks given by different researchers. According to many researchers, superheroes are known to influence a child’s development in terms of upholding their moral values hence the fact the most male superheroes are portrayed as having more strength than the female counterparts makes it a major concern for researchers. It is evident that girls are not innately weak beings neither should they be portrayed as sexual icons with very unnatural figures that are not obviously like those of a normal girl. Against this background, our hypotheses of the research will be: (1) Males will appear more often than females. (2) Both males and females will be depicted in gender-stereotypical roles. (3) Males will be depicted in more active states than females. Literature review Libby and Aries (302) state that “the way in which we perceive the world around us is not merely a neutral registration of some external reality. Instead, perception involves an active construction that incorporates our past memories and expectations as well as the current context”. The stereotypes have turned against women regarding them as weak beings, cowards, and talkative characters who have a much lower status in the society than men. The most notorious for promoting gender stereotyping are mostly the social institutions. Since the advancement of media technology that has been incorporated as part and parcel of our every day living in regards to how we involve ourselves with socialization. Entertainment programs such as films, cartoons and dramas are always having a common expectation from the members of the society perpetuating these stereotypes. It is a common thing that children get to start watching cartoon while they are very young and they watch them almost every time given the opportunity. From many researches that have be