ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Night by Elie Wiesel explores the painful experiences of the narrator (Elie) during the Holocaust. Elie had a deep connection with God in his childhood. The narrator studies the Torah and Cabala, attend the synagogue and prays until he weeps to reflect his deep faith and connection with God (Wiesel 3). Elie had never imagined his life without God. However, actions of the Nazi make Elie lose his belief and faith in God (Grabois 1). It is important to note that the narrator struggles to keep his faith in God. This happened when Elie went to Auschwitz. He notes, “Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust” (Wiesel 34). Elie started to wonder why innocent people would suffer while there was God. However, Elie never lost his faith in God completely. While at the camp, Elie noted that some men discussed God, sins, mysteries, and redemption (Sternlicht 29). These characters doubted God and His absolute power, but they never ceased to believe in His existence. Akiba Drumer says: “God is testing us. He wants to see whether we are capable of overcoming our base instincts, of killing the Satan within ourselves. We have no right to despair. And if He punishes us mercilessly, it is a sign that He loves us that much more…” (Wiesel 45). This encounter with Akiba Drumer helps Elie to maintain his belief in God throughout the Holocaust. However, Elie had to request Akiba Drummer to recite Kaddish for him. Elie reflects an inner struggle with the belief in God, “Blessed be God’s name? Why, but why would I bless Him? Every fiber in me rebelled….” (Wiesel 67-68). Elie provides several reasons why his belief in God is weak while he is in the concentration camp. He believes that God is responsible for the massacre that humanity experiences at “Auschwitz, Birkenau, Buna, and so many other factories of death” (Wiesel 67). Elie wonders how he could once again praise the name of God after the massacre (Donadio 1-2). The narrator says that he was no longer able to “lament or plead anything to God” (Wiesel 68). Elie’s struggle makes him change roles with God, “I was the accuser, God the accused” (Wiesel 68). Elie realizes how he was alone without God or man in the world. His faith sank further. Although Elie questions the whole concept of faith in God, he never stops to ask questions that connect him with God. His anger reflects an inner struggle and deep sentiments for belief in God. Elie constantly refers to religious metaphors to show that he still believes in God (Devera 1-2). However, Elie restores his faith in God, “My God, Lord of the Universe, give me the strength never to do what Rabbi Eliahou’s son has done” (Wiesel 91). Elie realizes that he is weak without strengths from God and asks for power and strengths from Him. The narrator cannot face the deat
Introduction The 21 st century is characterized by an enhanced technological development and more so in the field of Information technology. This advancement has promoted the business arena greatly by facilitating the establishment of electronic businesses. E- Business, often referred as e-commerce, is any business activity that involves sharing of information over the internet (Beynon-Davies, 2004). Models of E-Business E-business uses the following three models for its operation: B2B, B2C or C2C (Timmers, (2000). The first involves any business trading that involves two business entities. The second one is when a consumer buys goods or services from a businessman/woman for consumption. Lastly, we have C2C that occurs when various consumers are brought together to buy; for instance in an E-bay (Timmers, 2000). E-commerce has boosted businesses significantly by enabling many companies extend their operations from national levels to trade globally, thereby enhancing their performances in a great manner in terms of the profits they realize. Applications of E-Business E-business has enhanced the efficiency of current business transactions. In some cases, buying of goods and services involves just the click of the mouse. Most of the e-businesses prefer the use of electronic payments as their mode of payment. Some of options they have as their payment preferences include; wire transfer, PayPal, Credit Card ,E gold and others (Beynon-Davies, 2004). E-business has also led to the computerization of almost all the processes in these organizations. For example, the human resource departments of these companies are computerized so that they can comply with the high demand that accompanies such businesses. The human resource departments of these companies conduct their recruitments online. They generally store the testimonials of their preferred applicant in a common database from where they make their choices when they require hiring some personnel (Beynon-Davies, 2004). Their task becomes very easy since they only have to sort the testimonials of their preferred candidates electronically from these databases. The human resource department can also conduct their training online for both the newly recruited and the other employees that need to upgrade their skills. Similarly, the accounting, marketing and procurement departments employ the same concept, while conducting their day-to-day activities (Beynon-Davies, 2004). The e-commerce is very sensitive and is commonly venerable to both internal and external security threats such as hackers or malicious damage of companies files by some employees (Beynon-Davies, 2004). Network Sec
Introduction According to Bowling et al., 2008 the Bureau of Justice Statistic in U.S.A is a statistical agency in the Department of Justice bestowed with the responsibility of compiling various kinds of statistics in the filed of Criminal Justice. Criminal victimization is an important aspect in the analysis of criminal events (Rand, 2009). The report is a summary of a survey carried out between 1972 and 2009 concerning criminal victimization. Crime victimization At the end of 2009, Americans aged twelve years and above did experience according to NCVS approximately twenty million violent crimes, property crimes and personal theft. The types of violent crimes were categorized as follows; rape, robbery, assault (aggravated or simple), personal theft, property theft comprising of household burglary, motor vehicle theft and theft (Jennifer & Rand, 2010). According to Truman& Rand, 2010, between the year 2000 and 2009 violent crimes and property crimes went down by 39% and 29% respectively. For rape/sexual assault, it declined by between 57% and 19%. It is worth noting that the findings are in line with what FBI and UCR got; the two found out that violent crime and property crime declined by 6% and 5.6% respectively. Concerning reporting of crimes, 49 % reported violent crimes while 39% reported property crimes. Similarly, violet crimes against males (45%) were less reported compared to those against female which stood at 53%. Other kind of crimes declined as follows between 2000 and 2008; robbery 35%, aggravated sexual assault 43%, simple sexual assault 37% personal theft 57%, household burglary 19%, motor vehicle theft 31% and theft 30%. The study established that the characteristics of victims in 2009 were the same with those in the past. This was based on age, gender and race. Black males as well as individuals under the age of 24 years were the high culprits as compared to white female and individuals of over 24 years old (Truman & Rand, 2010). Its worth noting that families that had lower rates of income as well as those receiving larger income suffered higher rates of property crimes. The former (a household with an income of below $ 7,500) had almost two times chances of experiencing property crime than those with income of $75,000 (Matson, 2010). Additionally, 45% of the males victims of violent crimes new those who wronged them; on the other hand, 68% of females new those who assaulted them this also coincide with other previous findings. In 22% of violent crimes, weapons were used. The weapon that was mostly used in carrying out crime was firearms represented by 28%. Although the study seek to represent crime victimization in United States of America, exclusion of the Armed Forces population as well as those in institutions such as inmates leaves us in the dark when it comes to violent crimes in such populace. Thus there i
The sexual harassment dispute between the company David Jones and its employee Kristy Fraser-Kirk shows that the rights of women are not always protected by modern organizations. When it is not done, such companies can face lawsuits and negative publicity. This paper will analyze the main facts of this case and the goals of the parties that were involved in it. In particular, one can speak about Kristy Fraser-Kirk who was harassed by Mark McInnes, the Chief Executive of Officer of David Jones. Secondly, it is important to mention the interests of the company that wanted to defend its reputation. This case demonstrates that Australian companies should introduce safeguards against discrimination if they want to avoid many problems. First, it should be noted that Kristy Fraser-Kirk was sexually harassed several times by her male co-worker and boss, Mark McInnes. Fraser-Kirk made complaints about McInnes’ behavior, but she did not achieve any results. David Jones board of directors did not take action against its Chief Executive Officer, even though these people were responsible for promoting equality in the workplace (Thompson 2010, unpaged). This is why the company also had to face the lawsuit. This organization was accused of breaking the Sex Discrimination Act (Broderick 2012, unpaged). This law prohibits every form of gender discrimination, including sexual harassment. So, Kristy Fraser-Kirk sued Mark McInnes and David Jones for violating her rights in the workplace. She asked the company to pay her $ 37 million as compensation for her losses. This is the largest amount of compensation that was ever asked by female employees (Lahey 2010, unpaged). This case led to several important consequences. First of all, Mark McInnes had to resign from his office, while Fraser-Kirk was given $850,000 settlement (Thomson 2010, unpaged; Olsen 2010, unpaged). More importantly, this legal dispute demonstrates that modern corporations have to pay more attention to the rights of women in the workplace. The parties involved in this case had different interests. First, one should speak about Kristy Fraser-Kirk who wanted to protect their right not to be discriminated
Introduction The book Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail , or briefly Wild , is written by American writer Cheryl Strayed in the memoir genre. She describes her trip through the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), which served as a healing journey after the trauma of losing a beloved person. Along with experiencing grief, memoirs raise topics and issues of solitude, the healing power of nature, courage, motherhood, and even feminism. The book, released in 2012, 17 years after the trip, became a bestseller and won widespread critiques acclaim ( Cheryl Strayed ). Even though Strayed’s story significantly reveals the substantial emotional distress and thereby inspires not to give up experiencing grief, some parts of the audience may consider it boring and the author – too impulsiv
Abstract The results of the test undertaken to measure my wellbeing have shown that I have reached an impressive level of emotional wellness. However, there are still a few areas to work on. Once the methods of balancing out the negative experiences with the positive ones are located, I will be able to reach complete harmony. Body According to the seven dimensions of wellness, I am comparatively safe. Indeed, the social wellness scale shows that I am rather well-adjusted, the physical wellness test results are quite outstanding, and the emotional wellness state is quite satisfactory. The same can be said about career wellness; the test has shown that I am fully aware of my goals, assets, and the means of achieving my dreams. The intellectual wellness test results can also be viewed as rather positive, with a minor issue regarding risk-taking and learning from the negative experiences. The same can be said about environmental wellness; except for the skill of living in harmony with nature, my
A point of difference is a marketing strategy that a company uses to distinguish its products from those of its competitors. A competitive point of difference must give the first priority to consumers’ interests and ensure that it comprises something that they prefer. Since the main objective of a point of difference is to locate a benefit that differentiates the brand from others of the same type, a company has to find a feature that will motivate its consumers to purchase its product and avoid those of its competitors. The point of difference strategy is applied to distinguish different brands in the same product category; the three different product categories on which this marketing tactic can be applied include unsought, specialty, and shopping products. How Competitive Point-of-Difference Works The first product category, unsought products, consists of goods that consumers do not even want to think about and whose purchases are usually realized as a result of intensive marketing and branding tactics. The consumers do not actively seek out these products to purchase them but rather they get persuaded by the brand’s marketers and advertisement agencies. The best example of a brand under the unsought category of products is life insurance, which people only purchase after a serious persuasion by policy salespersons. Some of the strongest competing brands in the unsought category are: MetLife Term Life that is offered by MetLife Insurance Company, and Prudential Term Life, which is offered by Prudential Insurance Company. The two competing brands have different points-of difference that they use to lure consumers into taking life insurance policies. It is through a well calculated application of the point of difference strategy that MetLife Company has been able to control the insurance market. The three main points-of-difference that the MetLife Term Life brand uses to attract its consumers include: an affordable way to get maximum coverage, an inexpensive system to cover specific financial responsibilities like mortgage and college expenses, and a reasonably priced means to supplement one’s permanent life insurance during periods when coverage needs, such as family growing and mortgage-paying years, are higher in number. On the other hand, the Prudential Term Life product is based on points of difference such as: the policy is convertible to permanent insurance at any time up to 65 years of age without proof of insurability, the premiums can be waived in case of unemployment or disability prior to the age of 65, and clients enjoy a provision that allows them to purchase another policy from the company without having their premiums increased. On the other hand, specialty products represent a category of goods that are very luxurious, expensive, unique and exclusive in nature. For that reason, these goods are mostly purchased by individuals considered to come from the high-class social category. These goods are not purchased out
Aspect of freedom North America of the seventeenth century provides a clear understanding of what freedom entails. Many episodes happened portraying the essence of freedom. Freedom is a synonym to liberty and independence and refers to the absence of unnecessary restrictions and/or an opportunity for an individual to exercise his/her powers and rights. People need to have freedom to choose what they deem right or correct and without any restriction from authority or individual. Therefore, people are free when they can independently decide their religious affiliations, economic systems, political groups and their social groupings without any objections or restrictions whatsoever. North America is therefore a good example, as the people were denied freedom, witnessed in form of slavery, religious persecutions, property ownership, and indentured servants among many others. Indentured servitude provides a model in the North American during the 17 th century showing one degree of freedom: the social freedom. In pursuit of such social freedom, the servants sold their labor voluntarily for a certain period of about four to seven years after which they were freed and given freedom dues inform of cash, clothing, land and tools. In practice however, this form of providing labor was violent in that a number of English women and men were kidnapped and forced into becoming servant, which saw many die before being freed (Pope 1480). This form of servant’s is believed to have ushered in slavery. Slavery flourished in North American during seventeen century. “Among the indigenous people in northern America, slavery was seen as a ritual of passage or away or a method of assimilating outside individuals into groups as opposed to a property or ownership right” (Pope 1482). Slaves provided a source of labor hence they were a stimulus to economic growth of the North American. African slaves were preferred as opposed to the Indians who were familiar with the environment and less resistant to diseases like malaria. In addition, African slaves could not escape easily like the Indians. Religious freedom also played a major role in the history of North America especially in the 17 th century (Wood 86). The Roman Catholic and the Church of England had their conditions, which violated the freedom of its people. This denial of freedom made many of the European to migrate to the North America in fear of persecutions from the churches. This led to the start of the protestant churches, which were opposed to the ideologies of the Roman Catholics and the church or England. Puritans then came up as English Protestants who wished to nurture reformation and had the passion of purifying the Church of England, which they believed to be a product or a residue of the Roman Catholic. They therefore moved in North American from England in order to
Introduction Management is concerned with the process of guiding and directing behaviors and conduct of a group of people, in order to attain or achieve certain organizations’ objectives. It is the work of leaders or managers in institutions. In daily life, we come across several leaders such as the manager at our work place, the supervisor at the laundry place, the football coach in school to mention, but a few. These individuals like the rest of us are of different characters and employ various techniques in influencing their followers to achieve the common goal. Impression management entails the leaders trying to influence the perception of others normally subordinates about themselves, other people, objects or events by regulating and controlling information in the particular social set up. Although, this kind of leadership is basically based on deception in personality, it is actually the most effective in achieving set goals. Key techniques of impression management The driving forces behind this form of management are the need to influence others while gaining rewards and to be expressive. To achieve the former, individuals try to be joyful and display their positive side so that others can like their-ingratiation. Alternatively, it is achieved by intimidating to their work force, through unnecessary display of anger towards them in so that they can submit to them. Others try to b e vulnerable and sad so that they can attract sympathy and gain the needed help-supplication. In the later, people portray a certain expected image of themselves due to the positions they hold which may not be their true character and try to uphold it as their personality. The strategies followed to build a certain impression may be assertive or defensive leading to transformational and transactional leaders. Impression management through transformational leadership (assertiveness method) Avolio and Bass (2008) define transformational managers as those who motivate others to do more than they originally intended and often more than they thought was possible. As Mc Crimmon (2008, Introduction section, para. 2) stated, it was developed by James McGregor Burns in the late 1970s for political leaders and later adopted into business. Managers here lead through charisma being appealing to your followers while having energetic, dynamic and commanding presence making them wanting to emulate you. This comes from admiration; respect and developed trust that make them view you as a role model. Inspirational motivation is another component of transformational managers. They appeal to basic values with enthusiasm, optimism and eloquent speaking styles that leave their followers envisioning an attractive better future. Intellectual stimulation involves inspiring people to explore their abilities to get most of it through ways such as creative thinking and suggestion of new solutions to problems is also their characteristic. Public criticism is avoided and followers are free to differ in opinion with the leader. The managers pay attention to their subordinates and help them meet their needs. Impression management through t
Setting and Room Arrangement Due to the fact that the target audience include students originating from various cultures, it is highly important to invite all students into discussion with leaving no one to be unrecognized. In this respect, a cross-cultural approach should be introduced while forming class groups. In groups with students from different countries, there is a higher probability of exchanging experiences and acquiring knowledge on the specifics of copyright laws in India, Asia, and Japan. However, each lesson should be aimed at discussing a common topic that would reconcile all presented cultures. The best solution here will be analyzing the following topics:   * Introduction to copyright law;   * Basics definition of copyright laws;   * History and origins for copyright law;   * Discussing existing agreements, type of licensing, and assignments;   * Studying copyright with regard to traditional knowledge, economic development and authors as presented in the considered countries;   * Disparities between American copyright laws and the one established at the international level In addition to the above, the final lesson should focus on assessing students’ knowledge and experience in implementing and using U. S. copyright laws. The teacher’s main task here is to make students quickly accommodate to the mode of learning and learn the specifics of sites usage. Increase in motivation can also be achieved if students get more involved in the problems they should overcome as well as objectives teacher pursue. Audio-visual media platforms needed The project implementation should start with working out specific training courses for international students to freely utilize the created site. Particular emphasis will be placed on identifying the definition of copyright laws, reasons for studying this issues, and consequences for copyright law infringement. This matter will be considered from an educational perspective to increase students’ academic awareness. The training course will be placed on the website so that everyone can access it freely. The lessons designed will involve overview of presentations, video, and audio materials and, therefore, students will need specific software enabling them to look through these lessons and presentations. In order to spark students’ interest in the subject and motivate them to learn more about this issue, online thematic forums will be organized where students will be able to discuss the most burning issues dedicated to the problem of copyright laws. Such an option will enable students to expand their knowledge on specific issues, gain