ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This paper is divided into three sections. The first section defines cardiovascular diseases and its increased prevalence in modern society. The second section reviews the primary source of caffeine in the human body and it possible health implications. The third section outlines experimental evidence indicating the ability of caffeine to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the heart and other parts of the blood circulatory systems. The blood circulatory system is composed of the heart, the arteries and the veins. The term mainly refers to atherosclerosis, a disease of the blood vessels, but can be used to describe other disease that affects the blood circulatory system. Many of the conditions that affect the cardiovascular systems are however similar in terms of factors that predispose individuals to such diseases, their effects on the body functioning, treatment and management. In the medical profession, there are practitioners who have specialized in the treatment of different cardiovascular diseases. They include radiologists, cardiologists and surgeons among others. However, it is important to note that the services provided by these specialists overlap depending on several factors such as the organ affected by the disease and the specialist available in a particular health facility (Vanhecke et al 718). The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in many societies around the world has increased significantly over the years. The increased prevalence has been blamed on the changing lifestyles in the modern world. It is estimated that the number of Americans dying as a result of cardiovascular diseases is higher compared to deaths resulting from cancer. According to McGill et al (1999), it is surprising to note that Americans, especially the young people are less aware of the risk factors that are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, cardiovascular injuries are accumulated from a young age. Thus, although the risks of cardiovascular diseases increase with age, experts recommend that preventive strategies should be adopted at a young age (Vanhecke et al 718). Studies based on scientific evidence have identified several high risk factors which includes smoking, unhealthy diets and lack of physical exercise. Caffeine and Cardiovascular disease In the modern world, a cup of coffee at least once in day is part of the culture making caffeine the most common and popular stimulant and psychoactive drug. Over ninety percent of caffeine in human bodies is obtained from coffee. There are many factors that determine the amount of coffee an individual consumes per day which includes environmental factors, occupation and gender. Caffeine has several cellular actions which have prompted numerous studies on its effects on the human body. Due to these cellular actions, caffeine has been found to have important pharmacological effects in the human body. Moreover, studies suggested that the drug is an important stimulant of the cardiovascular system in addition to being a dietary antioxidant. It has also been co
The analysis of strengths and weaknesses Strengths The provision of the reason for the message is strength in the indirect approach to the delivery of negative news. The reason for such unfavorable information lies in the need to decrease travel costs by 50%. The depiction of the extent of decreasing costs is invaluable because it enables traveling executives to infer adverse announcements and alleviate emotions. Although cost reduction measures emanate from policies that organizations make, the message describes them as current practice in other departments. Additionally, such communication is considerate and sympathetic to traveling executives since it allows them to find out about the prevailing cost-cutting measures in specific departments. Specifically, it notes that the reduction of costs is ongoing in departments within the Black & Decker section of the company. By referring traveling executives to other departments, the message reiterates that the decision of reducing costs by 50% was not haphazard, but it originates from careful analysis of costs and conventional practices. Hence, the information provides adequate reasons to justify cost-cutting measures of traveling expenses by noting expensive traveling behaviors among traveling executives. After providing the basis for the negative news, the message continues to elaborate on other measures that travelers should take to reduce travel expenses. The continued elaboration requires traveling executives to select hotels that offer free phone calls and Internet access, as well as refill rental cars with fuel for them. Furthermore, communication describes how traveling executives can reduce flight expenses by using cheap flights and making advanced arrangements to avert last-minute changes in travel plans. Normally, poor planning results in such cancelations, which are expensive because service providers have to surcharge for inconveniences caused. By reading this information, executives get a clear message on how to reduce traveling expenses and comply with the budget suggestions of their organization. Since the content of the communication focuses on cost-cutting measures that the organization aims to implement, the message is unapologetic. It explicitly presents the reason for reducing travel costs and expounds on the ways of reducing them. Therefore, it delivers negative news logically and effectively without withholding important information. Weaknesses One weakness of the message is that it does not apply the indirect approach in conveying negative news to traveling executives. This secondary strategy requires the presentation of the motives of the message to occur first followed by the delivery of admonitions. However, in this case, the message started by presenting unfavorable informat
As the costs of health care are rising and the private sector is taking advantage of the rising cost, a number of amendments had to be done in order to ensure that common citizens get quality health care at affordable rates. The moratorium on payments to specialty hospitals passed in 2003, provided basic steps to be adopted. In the beginning of 2006, a Medicare part D was introduced, which enabled individuals to be eligible for drug’s prescriptions through subsidiary procedures. Beneficiaries of the plans could obtain drugs through two ways, one was through private plans that is they could join a Prescription drug plan that offers coverage on drugs or join a Medicare Advantage plan which offers coverage on both prescriptions drugs and medical services. There were a number of amendments that had taken place since the debate ended. (Mclaughlin, Mclaughlin, 2008). The notable change that has taken place is the establishment of Comparative cost adjustment Program, which aims at reducing the cost of prescription drugs to low-income earners. As a result of a well-established polices to subsidence the cost of Medicare a number of specialty hospitals have been constructed in order to cope with the rising demand for the services. It is noted that the Medicare cost is rising day after day and a suitable police needs to be implemented in order to assist the low-income earners to afford the medical care. Government must come out with a directive measures to subsidence the cost of receiving medical care form specialist physicians. It is noted that various specialist physicians owning private hospital charge different costs in treating cardiac, orthopedic, and surgical areas depending on the geographical area and the seriousness of the case; those cases that are less delicate and less complicated are charged more in private hospital, while more complicated cases are charged less. Therefore, the community hospitals are unable to create extra income that is supposed to be generated to other sectors that do not charge any money for the services rendered. All citizens should be given equal treatment either in community hospital or in specialist physician owned hospital. Patients of high-income visiting community hospitals should be treated in the same way as patients of low-income visiting community hospital rather than being referred to the specialized hospital, where they can pay an extra cost for the service (Mclaughlin, Mclaughlin, 2008). In order to have uniformity of services offered by the specialized physicians, Government together with the U.S. Department of
Compare and contrast the concepts of conformity and obedience Conformity Conformity should be understood as a social influence that revolves around a change of belief. In other cases, there is change of behavior so that a given individual can be able to fit in a group as time goes by. This is normally done to be in tandem with what that group believes in. There are cases where an individual might admire the behavior and beliefs of a given group and will therefore strive to suit. It should be known that these changes can be real in relation to the physical presence of others. On the other hand, it can be as a result of pressure from social norms or different expectations. All this can be summed up as peer pressure depending on the circumstances and prevailing situation. In a broad perspective, conformity has always been referred to as the ability to yield to pressure (Abate, 1997, p. 23). This means that pressure can be exhibited in different forms where we might have persuasion or teasing among others. As far as conformity is concerned, there should be an agreement to be on the position of the majority. In such cases, there might be some desire to fit in the group as time goes by. This can be out of the need to be liked by others or to be always correct which can be
A Christmas Carol: Movie Analysis The examples of social studies economic topic The movie ‘A Christmas Carol’ addresses elements of social studies associated with economics. From the movie, understanding basic human needs has been emphasized using an impoverished character. The movie is based on a character that cannot spend money on luxuries during the Christmas Eve. In fact, this is a factual depiction of most societies around the world. However, with a vision and innovation, accessing basic human needs is addressed through natural resources and skills. The movie addresses capitalism from a historical perspective. Capitalism is addressed as a historical injustice. Eventually, capitalism is addressed as a necessary economic concept in developing and empowering citizens. The movie depicts capitalistic businessmen and individuals as selfish, and only interested in making profits at the expense of others. However, this is a contradiction to a depiction of how capitalism is credited with human development. Understanding the value of work is an essential aspect in addressing socioeconomic issues in the society. The movie ‘A Christmas Carol’ depicts how it is critical for one to play a part in the production of goods and services. Not appreciating various jobs is associated with increased inflation and unemployment rate. The movie ‘A Christmas Carol’ revisits the significance of free enterprise system in the economy. From the movie, a student understands scarcity and its impact in production of products and services. The concept of free enterprise system is critical for students to understand how prices of essential products are determined in the market. Illustration of the importance of critical thinking in terms of economics The movie depicts how students get involved in multiple levels of critical thinking. For example, the movie is based on different plots, characters and themes. All these elements are essential in understanding human thoughts especially in economic concepts analysis. Movies allow students to analyze every allegation and determine facts from fallacies. Using rhetorical appeals such as logos, pathos and ethos, students identify consistencies depicted as major themes of economics. From such analysis, students develop critical skills essential in a classroom set-up. Illustration of the concept of economy The movie ‘A Christmas Carol’ illustrates the history of capitalism based on a Victorian English society. The Victorian English society is depicted as the background for the learning material. The movie describes capitalism using a story line and characters that link material with learning objectives. Engaging students in movie analysis activities such as group discussion and homework assignments can be integral in illustrating economic concepts. Sharing the movie via the internet is a simple way of making the learning materials accessible to students. In addition, this can b
Classical model The classical argument originated in ancient Greece in 5 th century B.C. This is based on logical syllogism, a form of argument that consists of two-part premise and a conclusion. The classical model, in its formal form, has six components. The two-part premise of syllogism is delivered by the introduction and background. What follows is the detailed proof of the proposition. This proof includes number of reasons, each supported by evidence. The arguer then considers the possible refutations to her argument, answers them and tries to convince that her position is the only acceptable one. The last part is the conclusion. This summarizes the whole debate and closes the argument. Here arguer makes emotional (ethos) and logical (logos) appeals to the audience. If the argument is that “I deserve a better grade on this paper”, the most probable exploitation will lie in the conclusion. Here, more than logical reasoning, almost any individual will make use of ethos and pathos (appeal to sympathy). Even in the long background one may be able to trap the reader in emotional appeal. Toulmin Model Toulmin Model can be understood as a refined form of classical model. Toulmin model has three primary components. These are the claim, the support and the warrant. Claim is like proposition in the classical model, the statement or position that one wa
Executive Summary Mergers and acquisitions are increasingly becoming a novel approach for companies to wade through the competitive pressures of today’s globalized society. The increase of mega-mergers in today’s corporate world demonstrates the entrenchment of such transactions in modern business practices. Since many companies prefer approaching mergers and acquisitions from a professional point of view, the role of advisory firms in supporting companies that intend to merge is evident. This paper investigates the critical success factors for mergers and acquisitions by understanding how merger and acquisition advisory firms measure the success of merger and acquisition projects. This paper also seeks to establish the factors that guarantee the success of mergers and acquisition projects. After conducting a comprehensive literature review and an online survey to gather the views of experts concerning mergers and acquisitions, this paper highlights eight critical success factors for mergers and acquisitions – competence and commitment of project manager, cultural integration, adherence to psychological contract, environmental scanning, human resource competence, identification of the right buyers/sellers, effective coordination of merger and acquisition activities, and meeting the clients’ expectations as the main critical success factors for mergers and acquisitions. Introduction Objective and Motivation There is little contention regarding the idea that most mergers and acquisitions are strategic tools for companies to survive in today’s globalized business environment (Hoang & Kamolrat, 2008) 1 . The importance of mergers and acquisitions in the corporate world stems from their variable advantages, which include increased economies of scale, expansion of the economy of scope, increased revenues, increased market share, development of synergy, geographical diversification, brand strengthening, and reduced taxation. The financial benefits of mergers and acquisitions stem from cost reductions and increased revenues. Cost reductions may occur in several ways including the elimination of redundant costs and the realization of economies of scale. In terms of increased revenues, mergers and acquisitions may increase the revenue of a company through increased market share, increased customer numbers, and the expansion of company networks (Kim, 2010) 2 . However, the realization of economies of scale is perhaps the most important advantage that most companies enjoy from pursuing mergers or acquisitions. As will be mentioned in this paper, the development of economies of scale may occur in several ways including the elimination of duplicate departments or operations and the combination of assets. Companies may also enjoy economies of scale by lowering company costs, relative to the same revenue stream that they may pursue by combining their operations with another company. This way, they improve their profit margins. The enjoyment of
This paper seeks to consider a major information technology aspect that impinges upon the retail consumer business as ours. It is seen that RFID, radio frequency identification is a major impact carrier in consumer business, especially those that lay great emphasis on supply chain logistics and management systems and invest heavily in inventories in order to cater to the needs of diversified consumer tastes, demands and preferences. This study is based on a hypothetical research study conducted by a study group in the US, in association with management staff of the leading RFID technology users, Wal-Mart, who could be rightly said to have pioneered the RFID movement in USA. It is widely believed that Wal-Mart has been substantially benefited in its sales and marketing efforts by all round utilization of this technology, including its strategic vendor relationships with companies like Proctor and Gamble, etc. Therefore study using methodology of interviews and questionnaire responses by 50 management staff of Wal-Mart, leading RFID deployers, are considered in this study. However, it is also seen that RFID is of recent origin and not much research has really emerged about its perceived benefits and advantages in terms of lowering sales costs and expenses, lowering inventory and avoiding out of stock situations. However, in keeping with competitive market conditions and the need to take progressive steps for brand building and consumer clientele increase, it is necessary to implement RFID in a phased manner over a period of time, keeping the market challenges in mind. It is believed that over a period of time, the advantages of RFID would be realized. Introduction RFID is a concept that ha
Outline The essay is an argumentative paper which discusses abuse of power and its demerits. The paper is based on the book Lucifer Effect by Philip Zimbardo . The paper begins with an introduction which states a thesis statement. The body of the essay reveals the term ‘abuse of power’ and its political and social drawbacks. Political and social problems in Afghanistan, Tibet, Iraq, and Pakistan are discussed. The dark side of the Iraq invasion is also revealed in this essay. The essay ends with a conclusion which restates the important points and supports the thesis statement. Argumentative essay: Abuse of power One of the serious issues that call for the attention of the general public is the abuse of power. It has been inferred as the complete dominance of power over the weaker section by those who possess power. Abuse of power is the condition in which the person who has complete power exerts his/her supremacy over others who lack it. If there is continuous power to the authority in a country, it may lead to abuse of power. Misuse of power causes dishonesty and it becomes a threat to the society. When one who has power rejects to accept the responsibilities it is the start of an ethical immorality. Only the one who has the power will do evil and it is the basic instinct. One should discuss the question as to how a good citizen becomes a mere coward when he is in power. When one attempts to realize a person it is very difficult to understand his strange behavior very easily as the external and internal behavior of a person will be extremely different. The abuse of power becomes more dangerous when the person who has power looks his own well being without caring for his/her fellow beings. People look for only power and at the same time they lack virtue and without virtue one cannot be a good person. The person who is in power seems always blind because he is not aware of his own deeds and he does not think what will be the consequences of his misbehavior. Power is necessary for the welfare of the state but when it is misused by the authority it is abuse of power. Abuse of power is one which is there all over the world. Men in power ill-treat others around him like a puppet in his hand. But on the other side, power can make or change the world into a better one. The people who are in power are of the stern belief that they should be honored by every one. One can view a good example in the case of Adolph Hitler who misused the power because of his self-esteem. Hitler was elected as the ruler of Germany because of his honorable conduct but when he came in power he became a mere tyrant. He was a Nazi and he changed the world itself with his power. He put the prisoners in the concentration camp and treated them so brutally and millions of people were executed as per his order. All these indicate how a person with power turns gradually into a tyrant. Regarding abuse of power, one can deduce that it causes political uncertainty and social anarchy by dividing people into two layers; a dominative authority an