ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Santa Clara Church is a Roman Catholic Church located on the North West area of Rose Avenue at 101 Freeway of Oxnard, California (Santa Clara Church 1). I have never attended a Catholic Mass. The idea of conducting this study made me nervous because of the entire experience I would have during the Mass. It is not simple to attend a strange church if you are not familiar with the practices. Santa Clara Church provided the perfect opportunity to experience Catholic Mass in person. On June 16, 2013, I went to Santa Clara Church to experience my first Catholic Mass. The Parish has provided order of services and the kind of activities to be conducted every Sunday in its Web site. I decided to attend the Mass scheduled at 10:30 am. The Parish usually conducts this Mass in English language with the traditional choir to sing throughout. It lasted for two hours. The Church has a Gothic design. It remains a monumental building in the area of Oxnard. Santa Clara Church has a spire tower with a cross on the top. It is a complex institution with school too. The Chapel can accommodate several hundreds of people at a time. Seats are neatly arranged in rows. It has a large altar with shining materials. It is a well-lit church. Santa Clara Parish serves people of different ages, background, social statuses, and gender. Many people are from the surrounding area. The most outstanding people in the Parish were the youths in their neat attires. The general atmosphere of the congregation was warm. There were old people too, but majorities were mainly people in their 20s and 30s. Children also attended this Mass. Catholics wore their best dresses, suits and slacks to church. There were others in black and white attires. I wore my suit so I felt as a part of them. A large crowd turned up for the Mass. I learned from the Web site that the Parish served a family of 3200. The congregation consisted of people of different races and gender. The greetings were warm, and the Priest shook everyone’s hand as they entered the Church. The same thing happened when the congregation dispersed after the service. Church members helped visitors around the church. I can say that attending the Catholic Mass is a good experience because one does not need a friend because it is simple to follow the crowd and do as they do. I noted that the Mass Celebration was an important part of worship at Santa Clara Church. The Priest conducted the Mass in traditional English as scheduled. Although I had no idea of what the next step would be, I observed the congregation carefully. A member seated next to me noticed my uneasiness and informed me that the celebration was uniform throughout the world and that nothing was strange. Inside the church, there was a font of water at the front end. A member informed me that it was holy water for baptism and for members to bless themselves whenever they come to the church. The procedure invol
Aims and Objectives The aim of the paper is to understand the reasons – domestic and international – that may have attributed to the rise of MB in Egypt even when the party did not garner support from neighboring Islamic states like Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain. The paper will delineate the reason why these Islamic states felt threatened with the rise of MB in Egypt. Further, understanding which international country has extended support to MB and why. Finally, the main aim of the paper will be to understand if MB will succeed as a political party in Egypt. Literature Review MB was formed in March 1928, a brainchild of an Egyptian schoolteacher and father of political Islam, Hassan al Banna (Ehrenfeld 71). It was a religious, political organization, which stressed on the return to the precepts of the Quran and denouncing secularism in Islamic nations. The slogan of the organization was “Islam is the solution” (Ehrenfeld 71). The growth of the organization as rapid as they spread their wings in the nations’ education, military, and political system. The organization started operating in Egypt in the late 1980s after they publicly denounced the use of violence. Many members of the organization had been elected as members of the Egyptian Parliament, and in the 2005 Egyptian elections, candidates from MB won one-fifth of the seats in the Parliament. However, in 2006-07, the Egyptian government started making amendments in the constitution, banning all religious-based political parties in the country. In 2010 elections, the organization won no seats in the Parliament, and they participated actively in the 2011 protests to overthrow President Mubarak. US foreign policy towards MB has changed drastically under President Obama (Cohen). This was an unlikely US policy, which had consistently supported Hosni Mubarak, who relentlessly campaigned against MB. Some believe that this was a good strategy undertaken by the US politicians to communicate more openly and peaceably with the Islamist parties in the Middle East. While others believe that US policy has been passive in handling Islamist countries, and they should have taken sterner economic control over these nations (Cohen). Some even believe that the conditions in Egypt may worsen and it can turn into the next Iran (Akhtarkhavari). Some scholars believe that the Islamist movement had gained momentum in the Arab world (Abed-Kotob 321). The parties, which are more radically Islamist, insist on a more revolutionary change within the masses and the political system of the country. However, groups, which are moderate, tend to follow a more gradual step towards change. MB is such kind of a moderate Islamic group (Abed-Kotob 329). Another study aimed to understand the Islamic party’s compatibility with liberal democratic parties, used a case study of MB in Egypt and Sudan. Their study demonstrated that MB is potentially a hopeful option for Egypt (Zahid and Medley, 701). Though MB has gained US support,
Introduction American politics is a factor of various reforms to improve the standard of living to its citizens. The health care system is one of the systems that have seen significant changes in the recent past. Obamacare is an elaborate health care reform in the health care system of the United States based on firm policies established to improve the delivery of healthcare services to Americans. The entry of the new regime with different political views intends to make changes to the established healthcare reforms in an attempt to show its devotion to improving the lives of the citizens and challenging the previous regime of bad governance. Obama is a political icon in charge of the outgoing regime that came up with the healthcare reforms in the form of Obamacare while Trump is a figure of the new regime and a critic of the previous regime opposing their reforms as bad governance. Based on the different political views, this cartoon (Figure 1) illustrates the kind of changes in Obamacare that Trump claims to have enacted. Darmawan and Piliang (2015) hold that use of visual text and imagery provides a comprehensive understanding of political events on an editorial cartoon. The text in the above cartoon describes the reforms that the Trump government planned to make while the imagery provides the actual reforms the government has managed to do. The image depicts Obama as a teacher and Trump as a trainee with the highlighted words that show the actual amendments done on Obamacare. Therefore, this paper will assess the use of a political cartoon to illustrate irony as a powerful technique and demonstrate the promised healthcare amendments by Trump as minor changes. Figure 1: Political Cartoon (Matson, 2017). Image and Text In this editorial cartoon, the text used gives the audience an idea of the reformations on healthcare reform that the political class intended to do. The text alone does not provide the audience with the right message on the situation of the reforms done. The text message, therefore, is not effective enough to carry the exact message intended to communicate in a cartoon. Sani, Abdullah, Ali, and Abdullah (2014) argue that text message in an editorial cartoon does not provide enough summary of political information to promote understanding of a political situation by the audience. Thus, text message in this editorial cartoon carries a shallow meaning of a political event and in itself does not give the intended message but needs imagery to communicate effectively. Imagery provides facts on the political situation at hand and is a persuasive tool that gives the picture perception of the political issues communicated. Visual images in an editorial cartoon carry an elaborate summary of the actual message of a cartoon message. The use of imagery alone in an editorial cartoon is effective to pass information but requires text message to highlight contrasting issues and cement the understand
Introduction Management is a function that involves the roles of planning, organizing and controlling the given resources within the company to ensure profitability of the ventures undertaken. A company manager is, therefore, required to take on these and more roles depending on the company’s’ capacity. In order to facilitate these functions, it is vital for the manager to ensure that the most effective and efficient means are sought. In today’s world, this translates into the adoption of new technology, whose necessity in ensuring a company’s relevance in the respective industry and the market is rapidly growing. This is mainly because of the significant developments as far as new technology is concerned (Glazer, Jenkins & Schaper, 2005). A Content Management System is a new technology, which can be defined in various ways. However, the most significant factor to be determined before presenting a concise definition is the context in which the term has been used. In a media based organization, a content management system could be defined as a web or digital system that helps to organize and control data or information on the company’s website or digital database (“What is Content Management System”, n.d.). In an organization, which is non-media based, for instance an insurance company or a law firm; documents would be the main type of content that would require to be organized using a Content Managing System (CMS) (Addey, 2002). Aspects of a CMS Content Management System has two major aspects. The first aspect is known as CMA (Content Management Application) aspect allows a company manager who is not well versed in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) to navigate through the company’s database. It will simplify the manager’s organizational role. This is by enabling him to input the necessary information into the company’s CMS. The second aspect is the CDA (Content Delivery Application) compiles the data inputted by the manager and organizes it into and easily accessible and organized format. This ensures that the manager is able to utilize the company’s resources in an efficient and effective way. The rest of the company personnel also benefit from this system because they can easily access the information conveyed to them. Notable Improvements The introduction of a CMS in a company brings along several improvements. Different individuals will have the opportunity to upload information into the system. This ensures that every department will be in a position to update the system, and share data with the rest of the company (Roco, 2011). Company personnel are also able to log into the system and retrieve relevant information. This reduces the necessity to convene meetings for departments to update each other on any developments. In this respect, a CMS ensures proper and organized storage of data. It also eases the data retrieval process, in comparison to sorting through files in cabinets. The CMS also ensures that one cannot input data into the system twice. It, therefore, reduces repetition and redundancy of information in the system. This goes a long way to improving inform
Explain the events in this case in terms of perception and attitudes. Does personality play a role? This case illustrates how the perceptions and attitudes of a person affect his/her decisions or views on other people. For instance, Jack Reed’s colleagues are accustomed to believing that former convicts tend to commit crimes once again. This is one of the reasons why they choose to suspect these people, even though these suspicions are supported by evidence. Moreover, they focus on the events that can confirm their beliefs about former prisoners. In turn, this case shows that Jack Reed’s co-workers said that he could have been in those places where money or personal possessions were stolen. This is one of the details that can be singled out. The problem is that they could have seen other people as well but they paid their attention only to Jack Reed. Such behavior has been observed during various experimental studies (Sternberg 512). This phenomenon is usually called the confirmation bias which can affect many people (Sternberg 512). Managers should know about this risk while taking important decisions. They need to know about the impact of possible stereotypes on their decisions. In contrast, Susan Harrington knows about the biases against people who were convicted of a crime. This is why she tries to set aside such stereotypes. Moreover, she knows that it is difficult for such people to re-integrate into society in part because they have to encounter challenges that are not related to their own mistakes. For example, they can be accused of offenses that they did not commit. This is why Susan attempts to remain impartial. However, her impartiality can be explained by her own experiences and personality. Thus, one can assume that Susan may favor Jack. These are some of the main arguments that can be put forward. What should Susan do? Should she fire Jack or give him a chance? It is possible to say that Susan should
Introduction The relation between Egypt and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) alliance has undergone a radical transition within the past decade. The countries forming the GCC community include Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain (Gray and Blejer 42). The developments and political upheavals experienced in the Arab region have contributed a lot towards the nature of relations maintained by the GCC nations and Egypt. The wave of Islamist groups also continues to transform the politics of this region. Islamist is “a term used to define the revival movement associated with literalism and implementation of Islamic values” (Gray and Blejer 45). Islamism has been associated with the major upheavals experienced in the Arab within the past decade. This issue has also dictated the relationship between the GCC and other countries across the region. Experts argue that the relationship has continued to improve especially after the fall of Mohamed Morsi’s government in July 2013 (Colombo 2). This paper gives a critical analysis of the current relationship between Egypt and the GCC alliance after Abdel Fattah al-Sisi took office. The thesis of the paper is that the financial support availed by the GCC to Abdel Fattah was a clear indication that the countries were against any form of leadership led by the Muslim Brotherhood. Background Information The GCC had a strong tie with Muhammad Hosni Mubarak’s government. Mubarak used to receive financial support from the GCC community. The toppling of his regime was, therefore, a big surprise for these GCC nations. The GCC supported the regime to ensure the region remained secure from the ideals of Islamism (Colombo 2). The GCC was surprised because the toppling of the regime could obliterate the relationship between the community and Egypt. The Islamist wave was also seen as a major force capable of affecting the political stability of the region. This fact explains why the Egyptian Revolution was viewed by many scholars as something negative that could have far-reaching implications for the region (Colombo 8). The greatest fear was that the revolution could spread to other nations across the region. Such a development was seen as a major threat to the stability and economic welfare of these nations (Sons and Wiese 16). Furthermore, the GCC did not want any repressive force to gain power in the country. Unfortunately, the Islamists managed to gain power in the country. Throughout the revolution, the relation between Egypt and the GCC countries was greatly strained. The election of Mohamed Morsi as the fifth president of Egypt led to mistrust by the GCC alliance (Gray and Blejer 45). Most of the member states could not associate with
How self-concept, develops during early childhood The self concept can be defined as the knowledge accumulation about the self, e.g. values, beliefs relating to personality traits, abilities, physical features, roles and goals. Starting at birth, children organize and achieve information relating to them as a way to make them understand the relationship between their social life and the concept of self. By the age of three years, children are already developed of their categorical self, which involves mostly on the way they see themselves in “this or that” labels. E.g. small children mark themselves in relation to gender such as “girl or boy”, value such as “bad or good”, physical such as “tall or short”, age such as “child or adult.” (Grace J. Craig, 2002). The labels mainly explain the self concept of children in very concrete, observable conditions. Small children may start experiencing private thoughts, inner self, desires and feelings that no one else is aware of unless a child decides to share the information. This process of development is an outcome of emerging cognitive skills of children and their social relationships with both peers and family members. At early childhood, the self concepts of children are merely differentiated and they are judged mostly on concrete characteristics like possessions, abilities and physical attributes. (Grace J. Craig and Don Baucum, 2002). During middle childhood, the self concept of children becomes more differentiated and integrated as the child involves himself in social comparison and in a clearer manner perceives the self as having psychological and internal characteristics. During adolescence and later childhood, the self concept of children is found to be more complex, abstract and hierarchically arranged into self-schemas or cognitive mental representations, which leads the self-relevant information processing. Early self concepts mostly depend on easily observed and defined variables and since several young children are provided with lots of encouragement, those children who are preoperational often possess relatively high self esteem. In relation to emotional development, both external and internal variables could have a major effect on the self concept of young children. (Don Baucum, 2002). How gender identity develops during early childhood The gender identity creation is a complex process that begins with conception, but it consists of processes of critical development at gestation and even experiences of leaning after birth. Gender identity and sexuality is the final channel or realm of child development. Several people believe that development of sexuality does not appear as a signifi
Abstract The family is the foundation of any society. To a large extent, how the members of this important social entity interact define it. Interaction among family members is facilitated by communication. Even though the term evokes wide and varying images, there is a wide consensus that families are founded, established, and maintained through communication. Indeed, Humans conceive of social interactions to be the basic foundation of families. Introduction There have been vital steps made in the past three decades concerning one’s comprehension of how family interaction is affected by communication, and how communication is also affected by family interaction. Relationships are enacted when family members communicate. Through communication, family members establish mental models of family life and these models endure over time and are passed from one generation to the next through communication. Marriage is the first step in establishing a family and the kind of communication that exists between the partners determines the kind of family that they will establish. The importance of communication in marriage, therefore, goes beyond the couple and extends into the larger realm of family. Communication is, therefore, an important tool to develop a healthy relationship between partners. Various descriptions by researchers exist concerning those patterns of communication which result in dissatisfaction in marriage. A link has been identified between family communication behavior and certain variables. Again, researchers have demonstrated the way communication patterns of one generation influences the behavior of the next. The way that married couples communicate with each other goes further to determine the relationship between their children. This is very important in shaping not only the future of the children but also the strength of the relationship between the parents. It cannot be denied that family is a system and that the members and their relationships are interdependent. How the family members interact simultaneously influences one another and a change in one affects others. Due to this interconnectedness, families are better conceived of as wholes and should therefore be assessed according to the interrelationship of their parts. With this regard, it is important to consider individual members in terms of how they relate to one another. Marriage provides an almost ideal setting within which communication, sexual intimacy, emotional intimacy, and favored degrees of interpersonal relationship can be aligned. Within marriage, an ideal setting is established for frequent and open communication. Both parties normally realize a consensus on the relevant degree of emotional involvement and love. However, there are significant findings that suggest that not everything is well with alignment in such conditions