ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Traditional Positions I truly concur with the fact that “articles touting the awesomeness of traditional gender roles are an evergreen subject in the science pages” (Skwarecki, p.1). It is common to find discussions on science-related topics, which conclude on culturally related findings. Today, articles are misleading due to a lack of enough scientific evidence. The writers base their findings on intellectualism and an individualistic point of view. One common argument in our current social setting concerns reports on the issue of abortion anchored in various medical reflections. The subject matter has many controversies, one being that, if there is a conflict between two rights, then the most fundamental and important one ought to prevail. Which is the most or least important right? Medical reveals need to succeed in the decision, but studies consider the right to life as the most important social or philosophical right. The arguments divert from the basic scientific facts and indications for instance the fact that every individual life is unique, and weighs moreover other life contemplations. Most articles and theories present the issue in a social-cultural setting and mostly traditionally related roles. A superior example of this is Marquis’s argument theory “future-like-ours” (p.183). It has a slight advancement to the potentiality argument where he condemns the act of abortion on the basis that it deprives the fetus of its humanitarian rights. The outstanding feature of the theory emphasizes the future as a fundamental ethical core element to life. His argument does not coincide with normal scientific factors of the argument such as medical effects. Contrary he bases the theory on the traditional role of life, where he states that the largest leap is the probability of conceiving an ethically meaningful life and this is the right point of defining life as equal among all. Scientific Journals I highly concur with the fact that most scientific journals emerge from the junk headlines, specifically from unauthenticated scientific posting or abstracts of academic magazines (Skwarecki, p.1). The information may originate from genuine sources but eventually lack substance. Some journalists aim at captivating instead of profound press releases to maximize financial gains. A good example of this is a posting indicating some scientific findings in preference of a particular gender for a job posting. A good system capitalizes on the employee’s strengths while minimizing their weaknesses. The differences between employees’ such as culture or gender should entail proper usage, to strengthen understanding and enhancing stronger bonds through team works as a measure to capture global clientele. We all understand that diversity is something more than mare moral obligation or a necessity for a business opportunity. However, people especially entrepreneurs easily fall prey to scientific journals especially when they base the writing on imaginative scientific evidence of feminine and masculine differences. Scientific Evidence in Journal Reveals I agree with Skwarecki’s indication that (p.1), “the so-called studies may not have studied anything a
Custom-based standards of care are healthcare standards that require medical professionals to provide a reasonable degree of attention, prudence, caution, and concern when providing services to patients. According to Strauss and Thomas (2009), standard of care refers to “the caution that a reasonable person in similar circumstances would exercise in providing care to a patient” (p. 192). Hence, standard of care refers to care that a qualified healthcare provider can offer in a given circumstance. The case study depicts a male patient who arrived at the emergency unit with numerous wounds caused by multiple gunshots and has lost a lot of blood. At the emergency unit, physician and nurses examined and stabilized the patient before taking him into the operating room where he died while undergoing a surgical procedure. Since the case study appears that there was indivisible harm or negligence, healthcare profes
Introduction Food is an integral part of the human experience and human beings must eat in order to survive. Human beings are omnivores by nature, which means that they can consume both meat and vegetables. However, there exists a subgroup that abstains from eating animal or fish flesh. This people are called vegetarians and their practice is called vegetarianism. Key, Gwyneth and Appleby (1999) elaborate that the vegetarian diet is based on cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables. Vegetarianism has become more mainstream in recent decades with more people taking up this dietary practice. The prominence of vegetarianism is mostly attributed to the many benefits obtained from this practice. This paper will set out to discuss the most significant benefits of vegetarianism. Benefits of Vegetarianism A vegetarian diet can help in the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. While family history is a risk factor in some diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and some cancers, dietary patterns can also increase or decrease a person’s risk of developing these conditions. Research by Hart (2009) found out that people who ate meat were 29& more likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to those who ate no meat. A vegetarian diet rich in fruits and vegetables can be effective in the prevention and management of cardiac disease. Research indicates that the risk of death from heart disease was 24% lower in vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians (Hart, 2009). This is because vegetarian diets have lower cholesterol levels than non-vegetarian diets. The vegetarian diet also offers some levels of cancer prevention with research indicating that vegetarians have lower cancer rates than the general population. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and in spite of enormous research efforts and many treatment options, there is still no guaranteed cure for the disease. anou and Svenson (2011) assert that in spite of the prevalence of cancer in the past decades, it is still a largely preventable disease since 90% of the risks are rooted in the environment and lifestyle choices of an individual. Research indicates that “70% of cases of colorectal and prostate cancer, 50% of cases for breast, endometrial, pancreatic, and gallbladder cancers” may be linked to the dietary habits of an individual (Lanou & Svenson, 2011, p.1). Dietary patterns are therefore important modulators of cancer risk in an individual. A non-vegetarian diet is made up of high levels of meat intake and studies have linked meat to a variety of cancers. The vegetarian diet greatly reduced risk of cancer since the diet is rich in whole plant foods and low on fats and sugars. This is an important point considering the fact that there is a correlation between higher levels of body fatness and increased risk of cancers. Vegetarianism helps individuals to avoid the public health threats posed by meat consumption. A common ha
About New Classical Macroeconomics The new classical macroeconomics school of thought was based on the neoclassical background. This school of thought which originated in the 1970s was formulated by key economists such as by Robert Lucas, Thomas Sargent, Neil Wallace, and Edward Prescott. The New Classical Macroeconomics school of thought attempts to analyse macroeconomic models using the microeconomic models. Specifically, this school of though has the primary building blocks borrowed from classical economics that was originally formulated by Adam Smith. The school of thought contradicts with the new Keynesian school of thought since the latter makes use of the microeconomic foundations to produce macroeconomic models. The New Classical Macroeconomics school of thought pays attention to the role of rational economic agents and the theory of rational expectations in making decisions. Based on the rational expectations, the school of thought assumes that agents aims at maximising utility. The model opines that the government intervention in demand management is not effective in the short run (Bade and Parkin 2009, p. 43). Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly discuss the main propositions of the New Classical Macroeconomics and its policy implications in understanding macroeconomics models. Propositions of the New Classical Macroeconomics Specifically, the three main propositions that will be extrapolated include flexible prices, imperfect information and rational expectation. The treatise explicitly explores the concept of rational expectation in addressing the propositions of the new classical macroeconomic school of thought. Rational Expectation About the rational expectation theory The rational expectation hypothesis argues that expectations are formed on the basis of available information. Reflectively, the information should be relevant and based on the variables being predicted. The hypothesis states that agents should comprehend the fundamental economic associations in the economy and assumes that expectation errors are not systematic but are random. Random expectation is different from adaptive expectation since adaptive expectations have no random errors. The lack of randomness of the adaptive expectations makes adaptive expectations not satisfactory when dealing with agents (Barber 2010, p. 32). Accordingly, rational expectations require the agents to be coherent and optimising. This implies that agents make use of all available information in an efficient way to make informed decisions on their expectations about economic variables. The hypothesis argues that for the agents to form rational expectations, then they must be aware of the true economical model that connects all the relevant economic variables. For instance, assume that a true economic model that estimates the price level is given by the quantity theory of money. The information to be provided in the econ
Abstract The flow of human factors in the sphere of ergonomics and its constituent parts is rather significant for today’s society. It is emphasized with the traditional constituent parts in a definite art due to current tendencies representing the cultural diversity and evaluating its peculiarities. A point of originality in this or that kind of cultural heritage in the field for the expression of feelings and aesthetical satisfaction. The art of architecture and its core elements is closely related to society because of the direct implementation of artifacts. The human factor is a thing that matters when speaking about a flow in the culture of a definite period of time. This is outlined with people’s mentality and type of outlook on the world’s reality. These psychological factors play a significant role in the estimation of interior and exterior design and its ergonomics for definite people. This paper is dedicated to pointing out the Islamic tendency of the issue underlined. Concepts of ergonomics in interior and exterior parts of buildings along with human factors having impacted on them are under analysis. What is more, a method of descriptive analysis is used in the paper, so that to investigate the procedures about Islamic design and building environment along with the prospects on advantages and limitations. Moreover, the structure of the paper is varied in the determination of design, space, and human implementation of actions understood in a close connection toward facilitation of work and usage of ergonomic decisions in living spaces. Evaluation Islamic culture does not exclude the points of human factors in terms of ergonomic implementation. First of all, it should be mentioned here that the tradition to adhere to any kind of design details is considered with functionality and purpose of this or that ergonomic design. Jon Lang (Lang, 1987) writes in his book: “The basic concern of urban designers is with what constitutes a healthy milieu, and the anthropometrics and ergonomics of urban form – with what has traditionally been called the functional purpose of design.” (p. 222) Human factors are concerned in this prospect with the social, geographical, and religious dimensions. This is the main idea of how the Islamic architectural thought had been elaborated since that time and the theme of anthropometrics which influenced it as well. The word ergonomics comprises two meanings, such as ergon/egos (work) and nomos (n.) (law‐control and orderly assignment). Ergonomics then is the “Science of work”. The Islamic architecture as well as the attitude of Muslims toward space dimensions is in most cases a result of religious impacts. The medieval Arabic tradition implement mainly smooth lines in coloring and shaping facades of buildings and a strict and rather obvious tendency to insert grids ornamented in a manner of flowery pictures. Moreover, the vogue tendencies of the past
Introduction Criminal justice is the system that combines “three major institutions which process a case from inception, through trial, to punishment” (FindLaw, 2013). Mainly, people find themselves involved in this system because a crime was committed. The representatives of the general public got used to the fact that one party is to be punished, and another one is to provide punishment. They believe that such approach is decent because it reveals what the criminals deserve. Punishment is advantageous for the society because it can prevent the commitment of further crimes maintained by both the same person and other people. Its implementation can protect the members of world’s population from being involved in various affairs with dangerous and dishonest individuals. Finally, punishment can serve as a proof and a guide for the general public that reveals how they should act, what laws follow, and why. Its decree occurs in the form of sentencing, which explains how a criminal will be punished and for what (Zedner, 2004). Both punishment and sentencing are connected with the law. They reveal what can happen to a person if one commits crimes. There are different peculiarities of punishment and sentencing that provide the court with the opportunity to choose those that are the most appropriate for the particular population. Still, before implementing them, professionals are to gather enough authoritative evidence that will relate to the case and prevent the occurrence of inconsistencies based on disparity and discrimination. Connection between Punishment and Sentencing Sentencing can be treated as a set of rules, according to which the offender is punished. Punishment, in its case, tends to connect conducted crimes and sanctions that are used in the court. The first thing this system should address deals with the type of sanction selected and aspects that made that relate to the crime. Punishment, in its way, focuses on the justification of crimes according to the law. In this way, punishment and sentencing are connected with each other. Taking everything mentioned into consideration, it can be claimed that punishment and sentencing are connected to each other. When being in the court, the judge and the jury discuss some case and develop a sentence; they mainly state how much time an offender should spend maintaining one’s punishment. Even though one is not willing to do so, the criminal has no other opportunity but to obey, as it was required because of the law violation and issues with the probation. Still, there is a possibility that judge will give a sentence, having no relevant punishment. For example, if it is proved that the person did nothing wrong, one may be free to return home. Still, some individuals are found guilty; the punishment will also be declared. Concept of Punishment The law exists, and the representatives of the general public are expected to follow it. Its absence and lack of particular rules would mean that people are free to do everything they want. In this way, crimes occur because the law is violated. When such cases are entailed by appropriate evidence, punishment is provided. It sta
Neurophysiology is concerned with a number of psychological variables which are responsible for human concentration. When these variables do fine the brain does fine, i.e. if all these variables are active then a man can memorize a thing and the same thing cannot be committed to memory if these variables are not present. Research and development in this field suggests many ways to improve learning capabilities by applying the manipulative neurophysiology. The activities like building the pathways, nerve cells, and passive membrane properties have been widen up by mocking-up sand, clay, beads and globules which affected the learning process in an enhancing manner. In this paper we will discuss the neurophysiology and its relation with the learning abilities, some evolutional theories about the neurophysiology, and its impacts (Krontiris, 2003). A man performs and excels when he learns to learn things. Hence learning is related to performing and performance is upshot by the activity of these psychological variables. These variables include all the brain receptors like motor functions, receptor functions, species-specific inclinations, inborn acts, and the features relevant to a person’s mood which is the current state of emotions and motivation. The learning process is vague in its details. Neither any knowledge of neurophysiology nor the delineating behavioral specifications can completely define the concept of learning. It is certainly a grave episode that relates brain conditions and behavior together. Neurotropic pharmacological agents effecting coverage and learning has not been among the topics of research (Thomas, 1962). Hence with no specific definition of learning there have been some classically conditioned brief operational description of learning in which there is a use of suitable controlling conditions. Learning is related to neurophysiology in two ways i.e. with no controlling conditions and with adequate controlling conditions of behavior and all (Thompson, Patters, & Teyler, 1972). A theory named cognitive reinforcement theory emerged as the most stimulating theory. Cognitive learning needs reinforcement as its basic feature. Theory suggests that there are cognitive events which responds another event and stimulates from the exterior of the body. This stimulus invokes further events and get into the non-stop stream of events and is a part of cognitive sciences. Events are usually the behaviors that are treated under the same way as other events are. These events should evidently make people learn in with the similar rules. Learning can be got by contiguity. Debatable topic of discussion the cognitive learning says that without reinforcement general learning will not be applied. In the theory one would be inclined to know the factors of reinforcement. For it is so clear that if we perceive any image or thought
The case of Frank Uhyarek has invited discussion of the matter of career criminals. On the one hand, people who repeatedly commit crime are likely to perpetrate again, as Frank Uhyarek has done despite numerous incarcerations. It propels many people to consider such individuals too dangerous to walk freely and approve of the court’s decision. On the other hand, people point to criminal rehabilitation program and believe that career criminals can also be redeemed. The self-control theory explains delinquent behavior with the emphasis on the teenager years. The less efficient a person’s upbringing had been, the more likely they are to commit crimes in their adult life (Koi et al. 2018). Following this line of thinking, any attempts at rehabilitating life-long criminals seem to be a waste of time, since they are mentally driven to offend again. Nevertheless, the purpose of prisons is not only isolating criminals, but also giving them the chance to realize their mistakes and live a lawful life. Moreover, putting a person in a prison does not guarantee their redemption. In contrast, according to Koi et al. (2018), “incarceration is typically not very effective in preventing recidivism or facilitating individual rehabilitation” (p. 230). The reason lies in the prisoner’s surroundings. They live in a society of criminals, which is more likely to cultivate deviant behavior than eradicate it. The same can be applied to career criminals – if the punishment is redeeming them by isolating in the circle of other delinquents than the entire undertaking is self-defeating. This does not imply that rehabilitation of career criminals is impossible. Butler et al. (2020) have explored life-long offenders and found that the possibility of their redemption depended on two factors – the willingness of criminals to redeem and the readiness of society to accept the former offenders (Butler et al., 2020). Particularly, people with a history of drug crimes are known to be treated for low self-control disorder (Koi et al., 2018). state that there are programs treating people with low self-control disorder. It may be possible to create similar programs for other offenders, including career criminals.
The visit to the Al-Qahtani Pipe Coating Terminal was highly informative and exciting. This is my first job, and this was my first chance to visit a professional facility, so I found the tour both productive and encouraging. I had the opportunity to observe the employees of this leading pipe-coating company as they engaged in various processes. In addition, it was possible to scrutinize safety measures and perceive the general atmosphere of the terminal. Since its foundation in 1954, the Al-Qahtani Pipe Coating Terminal has greatly increased the range of services it offers and has started employing technological advantages at every stage of its work (“Al-Qahtani Pipe Coating Terminal”). The presence of modern technological breakthroughs was evident in every areaof production. The most enlightening process that was demonstrated to us was the production of a butt-welded pipe. I was able to see the process in detail, and it was both highly professional and fascinating to observe. Visitors to the Al-Qahtani Pipe Coating Terminal would invariably notice the attention paid to safety measures by employees and guests. Every person inside the terminal must wear a helmet for protection from the danger of falling materials or other risks. All workers wear goggles or special glasses to protect their eyes from tiny pieces of metal and other substances. In addition, fire extinguishers are located in visible and accessible places, and every worker knows how to use this tool in case of emergency. The only unpleasant aspect of the visit was the noise level in the terminal. It was almost impossible to hear anything that the guide was saying. It would be helpful to install a loudspeaker or give visitors headphones to allow them to hear valuable information. In spite of this disadvantage, I found the excursion engaging. I am grateful to my company for arranging this vital tour. Work Cited “Al-Qahtani Pipe Coating Terminal.” Abdel Hadi Abdullah Al-Qahtani & Sons Co , n.d. Web.