ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The focus on different levels of thinking is an important feature to influence not only the nursing education but also the patient education within the clinical environments. In 1948, Benjamin Bloom began to develop the theoretical framework in a form of the taxonomy to classify the aspects of thinking. Today, Bloom’s taxonomy includes such domains of learning as cognitive, affective, and psychomotor ones which are actively addressed in education (Emerson, 2007, p. 30). The role of Bloom’s taxonomy in nursing and patient education is critical, and it is important to discuss this role while applying it to managing the patients with chronic diseases and with references to motivation theories. Bloom determines three main domains of learning which are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor ones. The cognitive domain is associated with knowledge, analysis, and reasoning. The affective domain is explained with references to emotions and attitudes. In addition, the psychomotor domain is based on learning specific physical and manual skills (Emerson, 2007, p. 30-32). While applying Bloom’s taxonomy to the education of patients with chronic diseases, it is important to note that the effectiveness of treatment directly depends on management of patients affected by the use of the taxonomy. Thus, while focusing on the cognitive domain, it is important to note that patients should be informed about the aspects of their chronic diseases and about specific features of treatment. Orienting to improving the health state, the patient should be provided with the information about the disease in order to comprehend the details, analyze aspects, and evaluate the progress (Ondrejka, 2013, p. 4). At this stage, the awareness of the situation is formed, and it is closely associated with the affective domain when the nurse’s task is to make a patient respond to the information and proposed treatment. The effectiveness of the treatment depends on the patient’s attitudes and values. That is why, nurses should pay much attention to this field while trying to affect the patient’s perception of the illness (Ondrejka, 2013, p. 4-5). If the focus on the psychomotor domain in the nursing education means the development of the nurse’s mechanical and physical skills and adaptation, patients acquire the necessary skills while learning how to cope with their diseases in the daily life. Chronic diseases have the great effect on an individual and society because patients with chronic diseases need to change their way of life in order to respond to the problem. At this stage, a patient should be perfectly taught by nurses in relation to the aspects of treatment in order to receive positive results. Thus, the patient is provided with the information related to the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains in order to form necessary skills (Emerson, 2007, p. 32). Furthermore, people with chronic diseases are prevalent in the society, and much attention should be paid to their education as the part of preventive and treatment strategies. While managing a patient with chronic diseases, it is necessary to refer to Bloom’s taxonomy as well as to motivation theories. Th
Many parts in the book by Ronald Spector, the author of After Tet, explain the American strategic culture in Vietnam War. In his book, Spector makes it clear that the United States has never been involved in any war similar to that in Vietnam. In this war, collaboration between the United States and South Vietnam contributed to the fact that both armies worked synchronously in order to stop the arrival of North Vietnamese Rebels into South Vietnam. At this point, the author highlights the strategic culture of America regarding the war pinpointing that America donated $2.5 billion to France in the first phase of the Vietnam War. Spector further emphasizes that the involvement of the United States in both phases of the Vietnam War was due to Harry Truman, the then president of the United States, who did not support communism, but adhered to the policy he had himself invented. In fact, three other presidents after Truman’s presidency including Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson, continued to support Truman’s policy of not supporting communism. Nevertheless, France lost the war, and Vietnam was divided into the South and North. In addition, it is a common strategic culture for the United States to take its troops to battlegrounds; so, the Vietnam War was not an exception. In the book After Tet , the reader gets to know that over 540,000 American troops had been fighting in South Vietnam by 1969. Unfortunately, the war did not end, and the United States performed its renowned culture by slowly withdrawing its forces. Interestingly, America realized th
Introduction The city of Baltimore, like most cities in the US, is still struggling to cope with the effects of the great recession that rocked several places in the country. As a result, the fiscal 2012 budget of Baltimore has suffered sharp shortfalls characterized by rising costs and lower revenues. Despite the shortfalls, the budget has adequately covered the most important obligations such as public learning institutions, hiring of a large number of police personnel, and the repair of the neighborhood street among other amenities (“Baltimore Budget” 1). The budget will fund the most important facilities and services in the city without increasing the tax rates. For instance, the property tax rate will still be $2.268 per $100 of the value assessed. The rate is actually the lowest when compared to that imposed over the last decade. In addition, the budget will apply the outcome budgeting process, which will ensure that the taxpayers obtain a better value on their spending (“Baltimore Budget” 3). This paper will analyze Baltimore’s Fiscal 2012 budget based on four aspects: the budget as a policy document, the budget as a financial plan, the budget as an operations guide and the budget as a communications budget. The Baltimore Budget as a Policy Document The main purpose of a budget is to give an appropriate representation of the goals, objectives and priorities of a government. These are the core elements that determine the policy of a particular government. City councils such as Baltimore lack mechanisms such as the congress and the legislature, which are supposed to enact bills and proposals that could help them implement and direct various policies. For that reason, the city councils solely depend on their budget documents to effectively formulate their policies (Campenni and Khan 298). The local government can also achieve an absolute democracy through a well-formulated budget plan. A budget plan that helps in the enhancement of democracy is one that properly articulates its goals, objectives, policies and priorities in favor of the citizens. This should be mentioned clearly in the budget message, which may include any transformations regarding the goals and objectives or any other important issues emanating from the previous fiscal years (Campenni and Khan 298). The Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) recommends that the local governments such as that of Baltimore should ensure that they produce a budget plan that explains the budgetary process, which includes the steps, phases, and the exact dates of the making of the budget, and a rational statement that explains the long term budgetary goals, objectives and policies. A good budget, according to the GFOA, should also outline the basic goals, policies and objectives of the government and how such important elements will be implemented (Campenni and Khan 298). The Baltimore 2012 fiscal budget has complied with the recommendations of the GFOA. The budget h
What are Algernon’s and Lady Bracknell’s views on marriage? Find the answer here! This essay analyzes the themes of love and marriage in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde. Introduction The concept of marriage has been given preeminence in Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest. Love is the thing that people of any social class aspire to, and marriage can be the logical consequence of it.In the play, marriage is discussed in the context of plot progression and as a subject for theoretical assumption and discussion. All throughout The Importance of Being Earnest, marriage is present as the main topic, thus demonstrating the importance that society accorded this matter. Although there are varying views on the subject among various characters, it is evident from reading the play that the matrimony institution was held in high esteem at that time. While there is a division on whether marriage is pleasant or unpleasant, all the characters agree that love and marriage are essential parts of life. (Wilde 5) What Is Algernon’s View on Marriage? To underscore the importance of matrimony, the author introduces the subject in the opening part of the play. It is used in a discussion between Algernon and his servant, Lane. Once the subject is introduced, it becomes a recurring concept in the entire play. First, the butler insinuates that married households usually lack a sense of taste to a point where they cannot purchase “first-rate” champagne. Then he observes that the champagne in a bachelor establishment is of higher quality, and that is the reason why servants tend to over drink. This makes Algernon wonder if the marriage has become so demoralizing to a point where people lack a sense of taste. Despite the butler’s failed marriage, he still thinks that love and marriage is a pleasant experience that anyone should endeavor to have. (Wilde 6) Although Algernon’s view on love and marriage is not known during the conversation with his butler, we get to know his thoughts on the subject in a monologue where he claims that marriage is an institution that has “absolutely no sense of moral responsibility.” (Wilde 5) In the ensuing conversation with Jack, Algernon’s thoughts on marriage come out on the surface. During the pleasantries, Jack claims that he decided to travel from the country to town purposely for pleasure. As the conversation with Algernon continues, Jack claims that he has come to propose to Gwendolen, the girl he has been flirting with. This throws his friend Algernon aback since he believes that a proposal is more of a business venture than pleasure. According to him, marriage kills the excitement of being in love and leads to uncertainty. (Raby 26) Algernon Moncrieff has such a negative mentality on marriage to a point where he vows to “forget the fact” that he is married the moment he does so. This mentality, according to Jack, is what led to the formation
Introduction Being a part of RWJBarnabas Health in New Jersey, I get a chance to observe how an effective health system should be organized and integrated. This organization has a clear mission and values to reach people and provide them with competent care. In addition to the necessity to advance the overall population health, RWJBarnabas aims at improving the quality of care, collaborating with different physicians, and considering the well-being of all communities (“RWJBarnabas”, 2016). However, in its intentions to create a perfect image of a strong healthcare organization, RWJBarnabas fails to solve its internal managerial problems, like communication between doctors and nurses. RWJBarnabas managers have to control all activities, hire the best physicians, and use the latest technologies to provide all communities with healthcare services under equal conditions. Still, not much attention is paid to the way of how medical workers communicate with each other. They have to exchange all important facts in time and make sure that neither confusion nor mistakes occur in patient-nurse cooperation. To avoid misunderstandings between nurses and patients and raise the level of professionalism offered to patients by the RWJBarnabas medical staff, it is recommended to improve the organizational mission and make sure that all medical workers understand the worth of interpersonal communication. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to prove that RWJBarnabas has communication problems in the Medical-Surgical Unit and to identify the recommendations that may be given to improve the work of the chosen healthcare provider. Problem Poor and insufficient communication between doctors and nurses may lead to some negative outcomes in hospitals. For example, doctors may not find it necessary to inform nurses about the outcomes of their treatment discussions with patients. As a result, when nurses start talking to patients, they turn out to be unaware of the recent changes in treatment, feel themselves at a loss, and put their professionalism under a serious patient’s question. Such situations may frequently be observed in the Medical-Surgical Unit of RWJBarnabas. Lack of communication is a problem that has to be solved because it has a direct impact on patient-nurse relations, the quality of nursing care, and the general reputation of the healthcare provider. Realistic Change To address the problem of poor doctors-nurses communication, one specific change may be offered. It should touch upon the list of values supported by the employees of RWJBarnabas. Regarding the vision of the organization, technology, and information innovations promote fast and high-quality care being offered to patients. These innovations can improve communication in different w
Female Philosophers Philosophy is a broad system of thoughts about human being natural history and the natural world of the realism human beings live in. it addresses fundamental and pervasive issues and thereby guide us in the route we follow and how we handle other human beings. The basic issues it covers include; ethics, politics, metaphysics, epistemology and aesthetics (Thomas, 2009, par. 2). Ethics as an area of academic inquiry grew in west for more than two thousand (2000) years with little contribution from woman. The dearth of women voices implied that ethic concerns of male species have preoccupied customary western morals, and modeled its concepts and methods, and male unfairness towards women went almost unchallenged. Feminist morals look at the substantive consequence of this inequity on ethic philosophy and try to correct it. Women philosophy especially the moral one, focuses on commitment to stopping the oppression, abuse, subordination and exploitation of girls and women, everywhere it occurs (Friedman, 2002, par. 4). Those problems for instance restrictive sex responsibilities, rape, domestic violence and economic discrimination, were of vital concern as they had been greatly overlooked by men philosophers and thus women tried to swing philosophical focus to those issues (Friedman, 2002, par. 5). We are going to look at different great women philosophers and their impact. First we look at Carol Gilligan who made remarkable contribution in her publications: In a Different Voice (1982) and Women and Moral Theory (1987). This philosopher reported noteworthy extent of relationship between sexual category and ethic orientation. She challenged men’s way of thinking in terms of justice, autonomy, rights and individuation in which she says they depend on nonrepresentational principles and look for universality of range. While women on the other hand try to keep away from abstract principles and instead major on contextual factor and interpersonal sensational receptiveness. Women keep away from hurting each other and care for the society as compared to men (Friedman, 2002, par. 7). This moral philosophy by Gilligan impacted positively as it gave insight into moral perspective, one which shapely contrasted with male moral philosophy and psychology. Further under her philosophy she brought out experimental confirmation for on the subject of the care perspective as a characteristically female ethical orientation. Gilligan philosophy gave esteem to women and attracted more women philosopher for example Annette Baier and Seyla Benhabib who wrote about caring and nurturing, personal relationships, relational self-identity and advantages of emotional openness to each other (Friedman, 2002, par. 8). Hannah Arendt, 1906-1975 a German-born Jewish philosopher made impact in political area in her writing on anti-Semitic propaganda in German Early concerns in existentialism and the consideration of St Augustine shed light on political issues. Hannah Arendt was best known by publication The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) and Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963). Her rationalization for
Introduction World Heritage sites are beautiful and wonderful places with great values attached to them due to their uncommon nature. According to the Department of Environment and Conservation: World Heritage: Shark Bay Heritage Area (2009, p. 1), world heritage sites are mysteries, and they bear great memories in those who visit them. In this paper, research will be concentrated on The Royal Exhibition Building, and Carlton Gardens found in Melbourne city in Australia. The Royal Exhibition Building was constructed between 1879 and 1880 in Melbourne ( Heritage Victoria: Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens n.d.). It was constructed at this particular point of time since it was to house the international exhibition in 1880. According to Sopray: Assessment of Significance (n.d., p.148), this site is significant because it is one of the world’s 19 th century exhibitions that remains standing. It is argued that this building shows the wealth and confidence of Victoria era in the 1870s. The Carlton Gardens are also significant since they serve as a habitat for many plants like palms, conifers, and evergreen trees. The Royal Exhibition Building and the Carlton Gardens are of great social significant to the people who interact with them, both the residents and the tourists ( Sopray: Assessment of Significance n.d., p. 148). Primary Challenges Management Adiplock: REB & CGWH Heritage Management Plan (2011, p. 8) stated that the Department of Environment and Heritage in Australia came up with some basic objectives of world heritage properties management in Australia. Some of the objectives that were set are to conserve and protect the world heritage value of the sites, to incorporate the protection of the site into a complete planning program and to ensure that people have knowledge concerning world heritage value of the property. The world heritage sites in Australia face challenges in accommodating tourism. The Department of the Environment and Heritage: Factors affecting the property (n.d., p. 58) highlighted that the royal exhibition building deals with huge crowds of tourists who visit this site each year. However, it is not overwhelmed by these huge numbers since it has upgraded some projects in management of the numbers. The Carlton Gardens are utilized by both residents and visitors since they are attractive and also located near the central business district of Melbourne. Each year, these sites are repaired after they have been used, and this maintains them in good conditions. On the other hand, the Australia Department of Environment and Heritage: Australia’s world heritage places (2010, p.2) argued that some caves are not accessible since they are restricted to tourists who may be eager to visit such places. However, to manage this challenge the management has provided light to other unrestricted areas in the same caves to ensure that there is save public viewing. This is one way which has been used to mana
Introduction Energy sector plays a pivotal role in a country’s economy because it runs all other sectors of the economy. According to Sørensen (2004, p. 23), oil provides more than one third of the total energy consumed in the world every day. This clearly indicates that oil is the major driver of the world’s economy. Of course, there are other renewable sources of energy such as the hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and bio-fuel. However, they play a minimal role in the running of a country’s economy. There has been a consistent increase in the price of a barrel of oil in the world market over the last fifty years (Langwith 2009, p. 34). It is a common phenomenon to see an increase in inflation within an economy whenever there is a rise in the cost of oil. This is so because every industry is affected directly by such increase. The dealers are forced to pass the burden to the consumers which result in a systematic inflation in an economy. There has been an attempt by players in the energy sector to find solutions in the renewable energy sector. This paper seeks to investigate the economic factors of renewable energy development (Bridgewater & Bridgewater 2009, p. 70). Relations between Oil Price and Economic Growth The world is currently over relying on oil as the main source of energy to run the economy. According to Lund (2010, p. 45), this is raising a lot of concern because oil is a non-renewable source of
Literature Review The identification of respiratory viruses is a critical task as it determines the ability of a specialist to target an effective intervention plan and to take the essential preventative measures. Therefore, the problem of selecting an appropriate identification method should be considered particularly attentively. Today, evaluation methods are abundant and varied in simplicity, rapidity, and qualifications requirements [1]. The present paper provides a review of relevant literature and summarizes the scientific findings related to different evaluation approaches and techniques. The key aim of the literature review resides in providing a guideline for the laboratory that seeks to improve its sample processing strategy within a three-month period. Methods to Be Analyzed Target Organisms The table below illustrates the scope of these organisms and provides a brief overview of the available methods. Organism                    Associated Diseases                                                                                                                     Available Identification Methods                                                                                                   Proposed Method                    Rationale                                                                        Klebsiella species          Pneumonia, empyema, lung abscess, septicemia in lungs, community acquired pulmonary infection [2]                                       Phenotypic identification (biotyping, bxylosidase tests, etc.), molecular identification (PCR assay, MALDI-TOF, etc.), serotyping  Molecular identification           Fast, efficient, and reliable                                                    Streptococcus pyogenes      Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Epiglottitis [3]                                                                                              Gram staining, catalase test method, latex test agglutination test                                                                 Direct culture                     Cheap and reliable                                                               Corynebacterium diptheriae  Diphtheria, inflamed pseudomembrane, starts manifest on tonsils, larynx and trachea, sore throat, and fever [4]                         Tellurite agar, Gram stain, biochemical tests, API, MALDI-TOF                                                                      MALDI-TOF                          100% accuracy, rapid identification, relatively cheap                                                                                                                                                                                                Subculture