ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Magna Carta Magna Carter was an agreement between a small fraction of wealthy and powerful landowners and the King, which acted as the very first real verification on the English Monarchy. The Magna Carter had an unlimited authority, as its writing were used for references whenever there were power disputes. The Carter’s simplicity also allowed rebellion in case the monarch surpassed his recommended authority. The American constitution shares similar concepts of the importance of written documents, limited government and the citizen’s rights to modify government forms, should the government fail to act as the citizens recommend. Because the Magna Carter was the first document to offer detail agreements of rights between the government and its citizens, the United States constitution seems to be an annex of Carter’s concepts. It is the institution for most western legal beliefs and laws. The Mayflower This is a social contract between forty-one men and the government. The forty-one men involved in the contract signed it, to signify their agreement to abide by the government’s new laws in order to obtain shared protection. It acted as a covenant, whereby the colonizers would subordinate their rights to abide by the government’s laws. This compact was the basic document for the Plymouth Colony and set a precedent for the creators of the United States constitution. The Mayflower compact also influenced the division of the government into three branches. Articles of Confederation These articles were the first set of regulations that governed the United States in her early years. This article of confederation-contained flaws that demanded modification in a modified scheme, leading it to become be the country’s constitution. It included a weak executive and a weaker national government. Instead of the federal system that was formed under the constitution, this article deposited most power to the states. The states retained certain rights such as the rights to taxation and armies. The article did not place power in the “people”, but somewhat, in the states. This enabled the states to have their private laws and taxes, without the influence of the central government. While the Constitution deposited powers to the federal government, it included an amendment that maintained that the states reserved all rights. However, the Constitution presented better balance and enhanced the federal government’s power. Northwest Ordinance The Northwest Ordinance refers to the 1787 document that attentively outlines the territorial designation into states. In 1787, the government designated the Ohio River territory to include states such as Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin. This designation followed a process that the government clearly stated in the Northwest Ordinance. In addition to this, the ordinance described the government of each state (territory). The congress chose a secretary, governor and three judges for each territory.
Introduction The modern practice of nursing has evolved from the situations where the nurse used to only look at the clinical aspects of the health of the patients. Nowadays, nursing takes a holistic approach to the patient; it attempts to understand some of the problems, which, though not clinical, may contribute to the health of the individual. This is a deviation from the conventional nursing practice, which looked only at the clinical problems of the patient and therefore devised methods of treating the clinical symptoms manifested in the patient. In most instances, the treatment failed to yield the expected results, thus necessitating the creation of another system whose efficiency would be far much greater. Thus, modern nursing practices take a comprehensive approach to the health of the individuals and therefore attempt to come up with solutions of non-clinical aspects of the health of the individual that would ultimately affect his health. One of the most popular nursing assessment methods, which take a holistic approach to the health assessment of the patient, is Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns developed by Marjory Gordon to help in patient assessment. Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns This method takes a holistic approach to health assessment and is the most common nursing assessment method. It is divided into eleven sections that assess the patient on different aspects of his health. Health perception – health management pattern This mainly refers to how an individual views his health status and the health practices that the individual uses to maintain his health condition. Thus, by looking at the intrinsic perception of the individual health of the person, the nurse can know his attitude towards certain health practices, which may be beneficial to the individual (Edelman & Mandle, 2005). In addition, the nurse can know the health status of the individual by looking at his grooming, appearance, posture, expressions, height, and weight (Weber, 2009). The following questions are posted by the nurse.  1. Question : How often do you seek medical intervention when faced with medical problems?  2. Response: I normally do not seek medical interventions occasionally even if I have an ailment. I mostly use self-medication to treat any ailment, which I have. I would seek medical intervention only if the situation worsens.  3. Nursing interventions:  1.       1. Schedule an appointment with the client once every two months in your medical facility      2. Increase field trips to the client’s location or request additional nurses who would carry out the field trips. Nutrition – metabolic pattern The nutrition or metabolic pattern of an individual directly affects his health. In this section, the nurse attempts to determine the dietary habits of the individual, which includes not only intake of food, but also intake of fluids. Therefore, the nurse would do a gen
From the beginning of its history, Moncler’s brand occupied a specific place in clothing for mountaineers and alpine athletes, providing them with unique features and technological advancements. However, in the late 1990s, the quality of produced clothes gradually decreased due to the relocation of company manufacture outside France (Sherman & Crump, 2019). Still, Moncler’s jackets “remained a niche product for alpine enthusiasts,” and their limited variety along with design setbacks prevented from increasing the market share and finding new customers (Kronauer, 2018). Therefore, the critical challenge for the company was to find the right segment for its goods, determine the correct target audience, and develop ways to attract clients. Being on the verge of bankruptcy, Moncler crucially needed the aforementioned changes, and its management understood the requirement for introducing modifications in all structural divisions.   * Products: Redesigning traditional highly-specialized garments for their increased popularity among the wider community   * Prospective purchasers: Extending the target audience from a narrow group of enthusiasts to a larger circle with “different customer bases, such as Millennial males or professional women” (Sherman & Crump, 2019, p. 6)   * Fashion shows: Replacing regular shows held every six months with more frequent events for creating continuous attention in the media   * Cooperation with designers: Introducing a new format, which would provide for increased collaboration without any restrictions on its length.   * Marketing: Shifting from semi-annual shows to monthly events. Preparation of various materials including “close-up shots, editorial videos, and video lookbooks” for every product release (Sherman & Crump, 2019, p. 7). Paying specific attention to digital media, expected to replace printed ones. Producing content adjusted to the target clients   * Retail stores: A shift from the traditional store structure to the one highly adjustable to client particularities and demographics. Providing stores with an opportunity to select products and communication channels based on regional preferences   * Logistics: Creating a precise logistical structure across the company ensuring timely supply of new products upon their release to retail stores. Expanding manufacturing capacities and enhancing “automation, artificial intelligence and quality control” (Sherman & Crump, 2019, p. 9)   * Corporate culture: Moving from independent operation of functional departments to collaboration, including suppliers and manufacturers. Creating a culture of empowerment and decentralized decision-making. Conducting regular events aimed at the generation of new ideas and their assessment by all employees. Moncler’s overall strategy was based on redesigning their existing products, enhancing their range, and, subsequently, attracting new customers. Specific emphasis was placed on obtaining the necessary media coverage by increasing the use of digital communication channels and the latest network technologies. The transiti
The current society seems to be gender based, that is, someone is expected to be either a male or a female and in possession of all the characteristics that are associated with the respective genders. There seems to be no provision for those who may be a bit different either due to medical reasons or natural reasons like being born with sexual defects. Those who are found out to be different are taken as being abnormal and all efforts are made towards trying to make them be what they should be and not trying to help them accept themselves just as they are. When someone is found to be having Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome doctors would rather diagnose that person with congenital absence of vagina than accept the person to be having the syndrome and all efforts are channeled towards fixing the persons genitals just because the person is expected to either be an absolute male or female (Morris 74). People are therefore left dealing with the shame and trauma of not being who they are supposed to be. The prescription of someone found with the MRKH syndrome would be corrective surgery where one is advised to undergo virginal reconstruction so as to have a sex life that is normal with the partner. This is surprising as one is able to adjust and live normally with someone who has a different birth defect yet one born with genital defects is expect to undergo a lot in trying to fix the issue (Morris 75). People who are found to be having differences in their gender or sexual orientation receive much sympathy as well as pity from those who come to know about it. If the person is a lady, she may have to undergo various humiliating experiences under medical practitioners most of whom could be male, trying to analyze the persons gender and asking humiliating questions and discussing issues that infringe into the persons privacy. Other people seem more concerned with the person’s state than while she is left with no decision of her own (Morris 75). In case it is determined that the person cannot have children, she is forced to adopt children so as to fulfill the roles that are ascribed to her gender, all because we live in a society that has strong gender stereotypes. The surgery is basically aimed at making sure that the person is able to have a normal sex life. It is a common for medical practitioners to ignore all the problems that are associated with the MKRH syndrome, like the hearing problems and mainly deal with the person’s need for genital normalcy. People seem to pay little attention to the variations in gender and they tend to fix rigid standards concerning what gender ought to be about and people who do not meet these standards tend to be treated with little respect as people have no provision for diversity (Morris 75). The real solution for people diagnosed with the MKRH syndrome would be sexual as well as emotional counseling rather than trying to correct the person’s genitals as this could only be secondary. It is in fact surprising that one’s
Executive Summary “Overwhelming facts reveals that racial and cultural minority groups are more likely to receive poorer quality health care than white Americans, even when factors such as insurance status are controlled” (American College of Physicians 2010). As the cpuntry’s population continues to grow and diversify, the health care system will have to change and adjust to meet the needs of an increasingly multicultural patient base. The statistical and anecdotal facts of racial injustice in American healthcare are undeniable. Studies done since 2003 by ACP shows systemic in addition to clinical discrimination, health practitioners, legislators, and normal citizens can no longer ignore the fact that America focuses on the color of one’s skin and the national origin of one’s ancestors still largely determine the quality of health care a consumer receives (American College of Physicians 2008; Urban Institute (2005). America thought that the issue of racial injustice and inequity was long gone, but it is shocking that the vice still endures largely, not only in the common platforms, politics and socials, but in a more critical issue like health care. After controlling the differences among the races in socioeconomic status, health insurance, access to health care and geographic differences, the statistical facts still demonstrates that Blacks and Latinos still get lesser and substandard medical attention than their counterparts, the whites, irrespective of whether those services are for treatment of cardiovascular disease, chronic diseases, mental illness, child medical care or HIV/AIDS. Comparing these minority groupings (African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos) with the white Americans, they are more vulnerable to chronic illnesses, higher mortality rates, and worst health effects (Bardach 2009). Among the disease-specific examples of racial and ethnic disparities in the U.S. is the cancer incidence rate among Blacks that is 10 percent more than among the white Americans (Barrett, Dyer and Westpheling 2008; Kettl 2007). Also, adult Blacks and Latinos are almost twice more than Whites prone to diabetic complications. Although African Americans, Latinos and Native Americans suffer and succumb to diabetes more often than then whites, research show the disease is not well handled among minorities. Paradoxically, Black, Native and Hispanic Americans have more medical attention services than do whites for those undesirable medical attentions, for instance amputations, and cesarean section among others. Although these are necessary attentions, they are considered undesirable because a patient would rather avoid them if at all they had an option, for instance many patients would prefer to keep a leg if it could be made healthy, rather than going for an amputation. Undisputedly, ignoring these injustices would take the efforts of social scientists, researchers, health care providers, legislators, environmentalists, clergy, and patients among others to adequately attend to the matter (Lurie and Dubowitz 2007; Schlotthauer et al. 2008; Zuckerman et al. 2008). Although the issue is multi-sided, this paper l
Introduction When working as an accountant, it is necessary to correctly use the established accounting principles for governmental and non-governmental organizations, referring to authoritative and non-authoritative sources. These principles are significant for researching and addressing a variety of state, as well as local, financial accounting issues (Ruppel, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to use the governmental GAAP hierarchy for ranking the guidance to address the issues. Issue 1 To resolve the first problem, it is necessary to start by researching GASB Interpretation as the most authoritative standard. The second step is consulting GASB Technical Bulletin, and then, it is necessary to use FASB Statement (or FASB Concept Statement) if no information related to the problem was found (Granof, Khumawala, Calabrese, & Smith, 2016). The final step to complete is referring to a governmental accounting textbook. Issue 2 When resolving the second issue, the first step is consulting AICPA Industry Audit and Accounting Guides. The next step is the reference to AICPA Practice Bulletins that are applicable specifically to state and local governments. If the required information is absent in these sources, it is possible to refer to a widely recognized industry practice (Ruppel, 2015). The final reference should be made to AICPA Issues Papers. Issue 3 The key standard for addressing governmental financial accounting issues is the GASB Statement that should be consulted at the beginning of the research. The second source to use is AIPCA Statements of Position. In the case when the needed information is not found, it is possible to use Questions and Answers that are published by the GASB (Flood, 2015; Ruppel, 2015). The fourth step is the reference to International Accounting Standards Committee Statements. Issue 4 If the issue is related to the state or local government area, the application of the FASB Statement is not appropriate, and only the use of FASB pronouncements is possible in this case. Therefore, research needs to be started by consulting the position statement of the GASB Emerging Issues Task Force (Flood, 2015; Granof et al., 2016). Then, it is necessary to refer to a leading accounting textbook. The final step is the reference to an article published in a leading audit journal. Issue 5 GASB Technical Bulletin and FASB Technical Bulletin have the same level of authority, but they are applicable to different types of organizations. If the issue under analysis is related to the governmental organization, GASB Technical Bulletin is prioritized. In this case, FASB Technical Bulletin is not applicable, but it can be consulted after searching all standards that are directly related to governmental organizations (Flood, 2015). Thus, the second step is the work with GASB Concept Statement to retrieve useful information (Ruppel, 2015). The next step is the review of the speech made by a leading accounting professor in order to find possible answers to the questions related to the issue. Conclusion Following the GAAP hierarchy, accountants can rank available s
Introduction Bank of China Limited (BOC) is a commercial bank owned by the state. With its value estimated at £586 billion in assets, it ranks as the second-largest bank in China after the Industrial and Commercial bank of China. It was integrated in 1912. This makes it the oldest in the country. The bank witnessed tremendous growth since its establishment. The same bank made a thriving endeavor in reforming its shareholder base by making the right deployments and consistent progression since it was founded. Nonetheless, the 2006 listing was considered a milestone achievement, which came after several years of toiling. The bank’s headquarters is located in Beijing, Xicheng District. That said the objective of my effort is to present a report on the Bank of China’s IPO of 2006. The IPO Process ICBC concurrently performed an A-share offer in SHSE (RMB) and an H-share (global) offer in HKSE (HKD). To be specific, the H shares were offered both internationally and locally. The official listing of the bank’s H-shares on the Hong Kong stock exchange took place on 1 June 2006. The over HKD 75.4 billion finances raised from the public offer issued is considered the largest ever stock to be issued in China and Asia. However, the exemption of Japan was noted. This is confirmed by the fact that data from other parts of the world ranked this IPO as the fourth largest IPO in history. This was accredited to the fact the company’s shares were high in demand as Chinese nationals had enough confidence in their bank. In fact, it is reported that many people began queuing on Hong Kong’s pavements early in the morning targeting to subscribe for the bank’s stock. The bank of China’s A-share also got a listing on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on July 5, 2006. This listing was exceptional since it was the only bank of China that had managed to list its A-shares in their stock exchange. In fact, the prices of BOC’s A-share began trading on a positive note striking RMB 3.99 and increasing rapidly due to high demand for the shares. It should be considered that the IPO issue helped in improving the company’s overall performance in terms of sales and profits. At the end of trading, it was reported that over 6.49 billion A-shares were issued which broke Shanghais domestic record. For instance, in 2005 just before this public offer was made, the company operating income was only RMB 12, 5082, which rose to RMB 148,424 in the year ended 31 December 2012. The report also reveals that the operating profit of the bank rose from RMB 53,636 in 2005 to RMB 67, 305 in 2006. Conclu
Introduction Growth and development is a very essential process in all living organisms and human beings in particular. It is a continuous process that starts right from conception, infancy, childhood, and adolescence/teenage, adulthood and old age. Babies’ development is a concept of concern as it has been perceived differently by many people with some saying that it’s a natural process that does not depend on the care given while others argue that care has to be given to enhance effective growth and development. Most young couples/ parents find it hard to bring up children mainly because they have little knowledge about newborn babies and they tend to panic especially if the baby is the first born in the family. It is therefore very important for parents to prepare themselves for the arrival of the newborn in the family irrespective of the cost they may incur. Newborn babies need more care and attention since they are in a totally new environment that may make them vulnerable to many problems especially heath-related (Stone et al 13). This paper will focus on the factors that affect child’s development. Good preparation, appropriate nutrition, healthy relationship and a good environment are some of the most essential factors that positively affect development of a child. Importance of parents in child development Parents are a very critical element when it comes to child development. A child who grows with adequate care and attention of the parents is far much better in terms of development as compared to those who develop away from the parents. The changes in growth can be clearly identified in terms of social interactions, academic performance as well as the general health and well being. Socially, a child is able to interact with people of different ages and status as he or she is given the essential skills of socializing which could not be provided in a better manner by other people other than a parent. Academically, a child’s grades and attention are enhanced by parents’ involvement. This could be accrued to aspects like motivation and encouragement that keep the child learning and growing effectively due to anticipation of better performance. Parents are very crucial agents of allowi
A guilty verdict can be based only on the admissible evidence. Therefore, all data obtained in violation of the due process of law should be excluded from the scope of the proceedings. The Due Process Clause is regulatory secured by the Fourth, the Fifth, the Sixth, and the Fourteenth Amendments of the Bill of Rights and is meant to equalize both state and federal obligations to operate legally and provide fair procedures ( Due process , n.d.). According to the exclusionary rule, all information subsequently obtained from an inadmissible evidence – in case it has not been found consistent with the due process of law – should be excluded from consideration. For example, the interrogation of a witness who was identified due to the forced confession of an accused person will be unacceptable. Similarly, if the search was conducted illegally, the seized items, their inspection, expert research, as well as other acti