ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Understanding and recognizing conflict during its early stages is the first step to a successful conflict resolution. Most conflicts occur as a result of differences in personalities, values, style, and goals, while others result from the scarcity of resources, leading to competition for the scarce resources in the environment. Conflicts can, however, be used to transform different situations into positive results. This can be done by accepting conflicts as a normal occurrence and using the same conflicts as learning experiences and chances to utilize one’s leadership skills. Awareness is also essential in conflict resolution in that through it, people are able to understand ways on how to deal with the effects of conflicts (Baden, 2007). This can be established by having people openly speak out on how they feel about the different situations and their possible recommendations. There are various conflict management styles that help in solving conflicts and which could be useful in solving the conflict in the case of Zimmerman vs. Trayvon Martin. One of the most effective conflict management styles is accommodating. This is when one decides to abandon his goals, beliefs, and objectives to embrace the situation in the environment. Accommodating requires one party to sacrifice and find possible solutions to existing problems and to resolve conflicts. The management style is preferable as it helps in maintaining a good relationship between the involved parties (Butler, 2009). Avoidance is another approach to conflict resolution, whereby the different parties just evade the dispute to avoid a conflicting situation. With this approach, both parties do not pursue their goals and objectives; hence, the problems are not solved (Baden, 2007). This approach is common in situations where the issue is minor or where there are no signs of winning. Collaborating is another possible management style whereby the different parties team up to achieve the set goals and objectives from both sides. This approach requires a high degree of trust between the parties. The use of this technique has been found to take longer to resolve a conflict. The different parties could also compete as a strategy of conflict resolution whereby one party focuses on achieving their goals without having to consult the other party. The approach helps in making quick decisions, especially in critical situations. Compromising could also be used for conflict management. Here, none of the parties achieve their goals or objectives (William & Killian, 2003). This is considered to be the easiest way to avoid conflicts. The above-discussed strategies of conflict management are important in maintaining a good relationship between the two pa
If a company has already achieved some success in international business, guided by the strategic logic of decision-making, and the internationalization of its activities has been successful, it should further develop the strategic management process of its operations. The multilocal or multinational approach implies the presence of a set of relatively independent subsidiaries, each of which serves national markets. In this case, the company has excellent opportunities to adapt its products and marketing campaigns (Lasserre, 2017). Moreover, a company’s production methods of goods or services can completely meet the consumers’ needs with different tastes. A standard example of such a firm is the Swiss Nestle, which has a decentralized structure and a widely diversified product line adapted to the specific needs of consumers around the world. For example, in Switzerland and Western Europe, the central emphasis in production is milk chocolate, which is in demand among consumers (Deligonul, 2020). Although in the Eastern European market, the company also successfully promotes dark chocolate. Thus, the multinational strategy enables firms in each region to produce the most popular product, which leads to the growth of the company’s popularity. In turn, this guarantees that customer demand will be fulfilled. Therefore, I would choose the multilocal strategy for my business. In my opinion, it helps a firm predict possible profits and assess whether it is worth entering the market of a particular country. However, in order to produce research on client tastes and establish production, it is required to have start-up capital (Deligonul, 2020). Despite this, with an assessment of the competitive market and the ability of clients to buy new goods, the company does not lose start-up funds and also receives a significant profit.
Bitin’ Back is the story written by Vivienne Cleven in 2000; it brought the David Unaipon Award to the author and made her one of the most famous writers in Australia and in other parts of the world. This story is a kind of hallucinatory romp that deals with gender confusions, family problems and support, drug taking, cross-dressing, and mental problems. The themes of sexuality and race inequality turn out to be one of the major ones in Cleven’s story; the author makes a wonderful attempt to use irony in order to represent the ideas, send a kind of a message to the reader, and help some people to choose the way of life according to personal interests and preferences. With the help of quite ironical situations, the narrator explains how it is difficult to be a part of with world and respect own desires even if they contradicts the rules, established by the society. To comprehend why Vivienne Cleven prefers this very style of writing and chooses irony as the major means to introduce and solve the problems, it is possible to compare this work with the one by Michel Wilding, Sex in Australia from the Man’s Point of View. Bitin’ Back is a comic novel that tells a story about one woman, who tries to protect her son against society and its ridicules as for son’s preferences to dress as a woman. Mavis Dooley, the mother, chooses rather craze experiences to help her son, and the only relief she can use is watching Ricki Lake on TV. She adores her son, Nevil, but, at the same time, she is confused because of such injustice and people’s prejudice. The story starts when the mother enters her son’s room and faces th
Introduction Allegations of police departments using excessive force during investigations or arrest procedures have not stopped appearing on the national headlines since the 1992 riots in Los Angeles. Furthermore, the events like the killing of Eric Garner in New York, the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, the shooting of Tamir Rice in Cleveland, and the death in custody of Freddie Gray in Baltimore contributed to fueling the public’s distrust of the police forces (Wihbey and Kille par. 1). What Went Wrong in the Department The example of the Cleveland Police Department can be beneficial for illustrating the issue and coming up with a solution to how change can be implemented to minimize conflicts and getting back the trust of the community. The investigation of six police departments in Cleveland has shown that uncalled for police practices, and conduct deficiencies became systematic. Issues such as inadequate police training, escalation of conflicts through excessive force, violation of the Constitutional rights of citizens, lack of transparency in accountability, using force to already handcuffed individuals, and unamicable engagement with the community are reasons for why change is needed (McCarty par. 3). By identifying major problems existing in Cleveland Police, the Justice Department is planning to start a close cooperation with officials for introducing reforms that will potentially eliminate the inappropriate police practices. Cleveland police department was also notorious for committing acts similar to the events in Ferguson. In November 2012, the police chase ended in the shooting of two unarmed people Melissa Williams and Timothy Russel (“Cleveland Police Shooting: What Happened, Who’s Involved and What is Next” par. 1). Officer Brelo is currently awaiting trial for firing forty-nine rounds at the victims, while other members of the police department are changed with duty dereliction and disciplined for playing a contributing role in the car chase (McCarty par. 6). Therefore, radical changes are needed to eliminate police misconduct in the future and win back the trust of the general public for the forces designed to protect the community, not to attack it. Effective Police Leadership One of the primary changes that can be made in the Cleveland Police Department is associated with the notion of effective police leadership, which has not been exhibited by the department. By introducing new and educated police executives in the department who will articulate the law enforcement standards both to the general public and to department officers, it will be possible to create a unifying police conduct framework that will guide the change. The community should be given information about what is appropriate and what is inappropriate police conduct, as well as provided with an explanation of procedures during which deadly force is applied so that any cases of police misconduct and over-use of force will be eliminated straight away (U.S. Department of Justice 37). To implement changes in reducing police violence, new department ex
Causes of Parkinson’s Disease The major causes of the disorder are:   * genetic mutations;   * environmental factors. Michael Fox was suffering from a neurological disorder called Parkinson’s disease. In normal circumstances, it should occur that there was a disease or neurological disorder that took place before Fox was diagnosed with this problem to interrupt his individual ability. Therefore, it should be known that the exact cause of the disorder that impaired Fox’s individual ability was unknown (Brockes, 2009, p. 23). As much as the exact cause of the disorder was not known, research pointed to a number of possible causes. Most notably, all possible options pointed to a number of combinations that revolved around environmental and genetic factors. This means that other patients who had been diagnosed with this disorder would also fall along this continuum. As much as these were the possible causes of the disorder a number of rare instances were caused by a single genetic mutation. Everything pointed to the fact that this disorder could be passed on from generation to generation thereby causing the disease. As much as this was the case, there were other arguments that the disorder was largely as a result of environmental factors. Fox was diagnosed with this chronic neurological disorder that was not well connected with what was being explained as far as known causes were concerned. Causes of Fox’s Disease   * According to Keveney (2004) the exact cause of Fox’s disease was as a result of exposure to environmental and chemical toxin.   * There are some other viewpoints concerning genetic factors.   * However, the theories cannot be conclusively proven. The events that led to the diagnosis of this disorder
Introduction The primary objective of The Serious Reader Company is to become profitable which means that it will generate income for distribution to its owner. The financial statement, which provides details of the company’s sales, costs, expenses, and profit, is the income statement. There are different types of the income statement that companies prepare for internal purposes, which are discussed in this paper along with the reasons for making them. Furthermore, this paper describes scenarios in which understanding how costs behave is useful. Internal Income Statements The preparation of Internal Income Statements does not require companies to follow the rules and guidelines established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). They are prepared to provide more details that are not included in the external income statement. Moreover, they contain confidential information which is not disclosed to the external users of financial reports (Tracy & Tracy, 2014). The internal income statement contains information that is accessible to the top management, finance managers, and employees of a company. Businesses prepare internal income statements for various reasons. However, the primary objective is to estimate the impact of their decisions on profitability. The purpose of these statements is to provide financial information specific to a product or venture that the company is pursuing. It helps in identifying the areas which can be improved to reduce costs or expenses. There are different approaches adopted for preparing internal income statements. These approaches differ on the basis of the treatment of fixed and variable costs. The internal income statement uses variable costing and considers fixed costs related to the manufacturing process as period costs. It implies that this type of income statement is prepared to estimate the contribution margin of a product(s) sold by the company. Cost Behavior Evaluating cost behavior is essential to make informed decisions that could affect the future performance of the company. The cost behavior can be explained on the basis of a linear function which could be used for estimating total costs affected by three types of costs including fixed, variable, and mixed costs (Mowen, Hansen, & ‎Heitger, 2016). The first scenario in which it is important to determine the cost behavior is the change in total costs caused by the change in the activity level. In this case, the number of units produced affects the total costs which include the variable cost per unit. Moreover, the variable cost may var
Introduction Renal failure, also known as kidney disease is a serious condition that can have serious consequences to pregnant women because it affects both the mother and the child. It is characterized by partial or total loss of renal function and accumulation of waste materials such as urea and nitrogenous wastes in the body. The disease’s development is described by terms such as acute and chronic. Depending on the stage of development, the disease can be mild, moderate, or severe. Despite concerted efforts by medical experts to find a cure, renal failure still poses great risks of complications during pregnancy. When renal failure occurs during pregnancy, it usually leads to development of other conditions such as hypertension, proteinuria, and impairment of renal functions. Statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that the rate of prevalence of renal failure is significantly low among pregnant women. Only about 0.003% of pregnant women are diagnosed with the disease during pregnancy. The severity of the disease is primarily determined by the stage of development. There are five main stages that are characterized by varied levels of damage to the kidneys. Signs and symptoms The main symptoms of renal failure are shortness of breath, confusion, nausea, chest pain, drowsiness, and seizures. Others include decreased urine output, fluid retention, and swelling in legs, feet, and ankles. In certain cases, the disease does not show any signs or symptoms. Therefore, it is critical for patients to see medical practitioners for proper diagnosis through lab tests. Treatment modalities Treatment for renal failure is mainly dependent on the type of disease. Kidney disease has no specific cure even though treatment modalities are aimed at alleviating the signs and symptoms, reducing complications, and slowing down the progression of the diseases. In cases of complete loss of renal function, treatment for end-stage kidney disease is conducted. Some treatment options aim to treat the cause of the disease. In that regard, physicians try to slow down or control the cause of the disease in the best way possible. Other modalities aim to treat complications associated with the disease. Examples of such complications include high blood pressure, cholesterol levels, anemia, swelling, and accumulation of waste products in the blood. An example of a medication administered to control high blood pressure is known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). In the early stages of treatment, medications usually decrease kidney function. Therefore, a physician should consider recommending intake of low-salt food. Statins are commonly used to address low cholesterol levels and lower the risk of cardiovascular complications. In the case of anemia, physicians usually recommend supplements of the hormone erythropoietin. These supplements promote production of red blood cells. Withholding of excess fluids in the body due to renal failure caus
Introduction The reason for conducting this research is to understand how service organisations embrace Customer Service Management (CSM). My research topic is customer service management in service organisations. CSM covers customer satisfaction, service quality, brand loyalty, relationship management, process, people and physical evidence. The service organisation which is under study in this research is Duke Children’s Hospital. Literature Review Relationships Management An organisation is a group of people who work together with coordinated efforts to achieve certain objectives or goals. Organisational goals and objectives are of various categories and it is this variation of the goals and objectives which classify organisations into three main categories namely profit making; service based and social responsibility based organisations. Management is about planning, coordinating and controlling organisational resources so as to facilitate the achievement of organisational goals and objectives in an efficient and effective manner. The nature of management therefore only allows for the top leadership of an organisation to act as the drivers of the organisation in a way which facilitates the organisation to achieve its goals and objectives, including the management of organisational change (Murray, Poole & Jones, 2006, pp.45-69). Relationship management is the coordination of the interactions which take place within an organisational setting. The aim of relationship management is to foster excellent communication based on mutual understanding. Relationship management also aims at ensuring that employees of an organisation relate with each other well. It aims at minimizing any friction between employees, which may lead to poor service delivery (Karimi, Somers & Gupta, 2001). Organisations need to manage the relationships especially between the upper level management and the lower level or junior employees. Organisations which aspire to attain their objectives usually follow the human relations approach to relationship management as opposed to the scientific approach, which sees employees as tools to be managed to produce desired outcomes. The human relations approach to relationship management on the other hand views employees as social beings with feelings, and therefore the need of handling them with courtesy (David,1989), Customer Satisfaction This entails providing goods and services which match customers’ needs and purchasing power. Customer satisfaction is also the ability of an organisation to meet the needs of the customers. Customer
Introduction The lesson about Group Classifications has made me realize a very important factor about my life, that is, that I have been a part of a type of group ever since I learned how to socialize at the playground. I believe that I have been a part of 3 major groups that I can remember. These groups are the task, interest, and friendship groups. Let me tell you all about how I happened to fall into those groups. My Participation in Groups Task Group When I was in high school, certain teachers in subjects like science and history would divide our class into groups, usually by having us count off from number one up to say 8, if the task required 8 groups to complete it. Then we would be asked to join our group number and accomplish a preassigned task. The first thing we would do as a group would be to appoint the group leader whose task it would be to brainstorm with the group and assign tasks individually. Then the appointed group secretary would make sure that all the assigned tasks would be accomplished on time by offering the team members assistance whenever necessary. As for the rest of the team, our only job was to make sure that we would be able to accomplish all assignments and make our group presentation to the class in a cohesive and comprehensible manner. That was my earliest memory of ever being a part of a Task Group. Interest Group Now my school was really big on extra-curricular activities. Which is why they set up what was known as Club Day at the school. During club day, every one of the same interests, such as computers, chess, glee, dance, drama, or whatever, would come together as a group in the classrooms across campus to indulge in their specific activities. I remember that for as long as I could remember, I would always join the audiovisual club because we all a shared interest in watching and making amateur films. I guess it is pretty obvious that this was my special Interest Group. Each Friday, we would come to school with our video cameras and compare equipment, share stories about how we used our cameras to shoot some things or discuss the latest technological developments in amateur film making. I must say that when I was in high school, club day was my favorite school day of the week. Because I was amongst my peers who indulged in the same passion as I did. Friendship Group Last, but not say the least of my group list is the Friendship Group. Now, this group holds a very near and dear place in my heart because of how I came to create my friendship group when I least expected it. I will admit that I was a bit apprehensive when I decided to come to America to further my college education. After all, I would be uprooting myself from all that I held near and dear to me in Saudi Arabia. As luck would have it, my love of sports, specifically Soccer, would prove to be one of the reaso