ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the main challenges of the process of urbanization is the fact that the land around the urban areas is allocated to other economic activities at the expense of agriculture. It is clear that every urban area in the United States is characterized by the lack of food production through agriculture, and this challenge results in the dependency on the rural areas for access to fresh food from the farms. The industrialization process in the United States led to the development of alternatives for agricultural products through processed foods. It is clear that processed foods have more calories and are cheaper; hence, the urban populations, especially the people living in poor neighborhoods, prefer buying the processed foods rather than the expensive Fresh agricultural products. Urban agriculture is a viable solution to the underlying issues that have caused the inability of the urban populations to access Fresh agricultural products. Urban Agriculture Urban agriculture is a movement in different urban areas across the United States, including Chicago, which has developed innovative ways of utilizing the little agricultural land available in urban areas to produce fresh food products. The movement has developed various groups in the urban areas that provide education to the people in the poor neighborhoods on the innovative ways that can help them in producing Fresh agricultural products. For instance, the movement has been advocating for the use of greenhouse technology in agriculture to produce vegetables within the urban areas. The climatic changes that have adversely affected the ability of farmers in the rural areas to generate high yields in their farms have led to a reduction in the number of fresh products reaching the grocery stores in the urban areas. The urban agriculture movement looks to ensure that every family in the cities can afford some fresh products in the grocery stores (“Pr
Definitions of white-collar crime This is an expression habitually used to denote crimes that do not involve violence. Perpetrators of these crimes aspire for financial gratification. The term represents a plethora of offences, like forgery, blackmail, money laundering, and tax evasion among many more. Documenting these offences is difficult since law enforcement agencies recognize and document only three examples as crime (Cornell University Law School, 2010). It goes without saying that monitoring and evaluation becomes difficult due to improper record keeping. This is an activity first performed in the 1920s, but received little attention from the authorities. Several regimes abetted these crimes but were not brought to justice. In the present society, white-collar offenders are accorded more leniencies, as compared to armed robbers and other violent offenders. This is because putting them on trial is difficult, since most of them cover their crimes in a series of intricate processes (Cornell Universi
The current paper presents observations about the healthcare system in North Bergen High School, which are mostly based on the interview with the school nurse. The school is a part of the North Bergen School District and enrolls about 2500 students. The discussion of school healthcare includes four main points. First, a general description of the healthcare system identifies the prevention types and the targets of the service. After that, the paper examines the role of nurses and significant issues in the school’s settings. Finally, the school healthcare system is analyzed in the general context. The investigation finds that the school healthcare system relies mostly on nurses, while the number of staff is probably not sufficient. The school mostly covers all three primary levels of healthcare. There are classes aimed at healthcare education, where the teacher and medical staff give lectures about immunization, adequate nutrition, and basic treatment principles. Moreover, the school supplies the student with nutritionally balanced food and safe drinking water. However, the secondary and tertiary levels are also partly considered in the school. For example, there is a psychological service for the students who need psychotherapy because of such problems an emotional burnout. If a student has a physical or mental trauma, the school also tries to help with rehabilitation in the studying settings. Therefore, the main school medical activity aims at preventing possible diseases but also includes treating psychological issues. The school nurse has many management and practical tasks such
Urban planning normally focuses on development of a city or a town. Some of the urban issues like urban slums cause lack of development. Global city Global cities have the following characteristics: large scale immigration, increasing income, and occupational population. This is a common urban issue found in developing countries. In the movie, “Constant Gardner” raping and killing of an activist Tessa Quayle occurs. She is the wife of Justin Quayle. This scene takes place in Northern Kenya. His companion Dr Arnold Blahm then disappears. Tessa and this doctor are fighting violation of human rights. They complain about the inhumane practices of the global pharmaceutical companies. Justin goes in search of his wife Tessa. He discovers that her death was not an accident. This is where he also discovers corruption and collaboration in between the Kenyan government, the pharmaceutical corporation, and his fellow British colleagues. This story revolves between Justin and other characters, and across the globe. It also clearly brings out this act of terrorism. Urban slum and physical environment The movie is about a young man (Rocket) who grows up in an urban slum. It is in Brazil. What surrounds him are death and many crimes. These crimes do not only surround Robert and friends but also it becomes part of their lives. Even if Robert’s family tries to avoid violence, they are finally drawn into it. In the slum, there is extreme poverty; the children here are drug addicts. As young as seven years, these children are able to pick up guns and commit atrocities. They are the same ones who go ahead and form roving bands of armed murders. These type of children perform very poorly. They end up being criminals in the society which prevents any development. Lack of social and economic mobility Social mobility refers to how an individual moves upwards or downwards in terms of occupation, education, and wealth. Social mobility between generations is dramatically lower in United States than in any other developed country. The main cause for lack of social mobility is limited of education. Also, another cause for lack of social and economic mobility is few job opportunities. Therefore, social mobility is a necessity to boost economic mobility. Government public housing It includes giving public land to developers and house builders association on a build now and pay later contract. Children who live in public housing perform poorly in school compared to those who live in other types of housing. The reason as to why students living in public housing perform differently is that, they are subjected to poverty. They also do not have role models to stress the importance of education, which exposes them to the risk of limited resources and are exposed to peer pressure from those who perform better than them in school. Importance of education Education helps one gain knowledge. I
Providing support and assistance to older people has always been especially appreciated, which is why specialized institutions called nursing homes were created. Currently, there are a large number of large networks of nursing homes in the United States of America. These organizations are gaining more and more popularity and thereby bring a large amount of profit to their founders. However, such financial growth becomes a reason to want more, which results in resorting to illegal measures. Thus, this work aims to study how regulation and litigation contribute to the proper business conduct of large networks of nursing homes. Organizations that provide services for the care and maintenance of the elderly are commercial entities that are controlled by corporations, which in turn are regulated by shareholders. They invest in a nursing home, hoping to get a return on their investment. The interests of these stakeholders are put higher than concerns about the well-being of residents of nursing homes since shareholders provide the financial aspect of the activities of these anticipations (Harrington, 2020). As a result, there is a decrease in the quality of service, negligence of personnel and management, or vice versa, a lack of specialists to reduce costs. Harrington and Edelman underline that “many resident grievances regarding basic care and residents’ rights, clinical measures of poor quality, and state deficiencies” (2018, p. 1). Moreover, it is important to emphasize that most of the nursing homes in America are commercial, which only contributes to the spread of this factor. In order to gain the greatest benefit, some institutions resort to incorrect and sometimes illegal measures. One of these is the overestimation of the price of the services provided. Hence, a clear indicator of the quality of medical care and care for the elderly is how much money institutions overpay for Medicare (Bos et al., 2017). To improve this aspect, some managers provide incorrect information and describe services in reports that may not be necessary for treatment and care. Studies show that in 2012, about 30% of the accounts of commercial nursing homes were improper, and only 12% of non-profit institutions for the older generation were involved in the same violation. Thus, an unjustified increase in the cost of services is a driving force for people to receive unnecessary and dangerous services for their well-being, which at the same time have a beneficial effect on the financial condition of the owners of the organization. Thus, overstating health insurance bills is not only illegal but also directly harms patients. In this case, in addition to useless treatment services that require compensation, commercial nursing homes may subject patients to testing and treatment that they do no
Introduction People often exercise choice because human wants are infinite while the resources available are scarce. For the satisfaction of human wants to occur, there must be a relationship between the production of commodities and their corresponding pricing system. In the market, the forces of demand and supply determine the prices of goods and services. At the same time, the prices of goods and services affects demand and supply (Suri, 2011). In ordinary terms, demand refers to desire or urge of purchasing commodities. In economic terms however, demand is something beyond a plain desire. Demand in this sense represents a want supported by the power or capability to purchase. The Law of demand The law of demand asserts that all other factors kept constant, the price and quantity demanded are inversely proportional. For instance, a company selling snacks may sell approximately 100,000 cookies at $1 each. If the company decreases the price of its cookies to $0.75 each, the number of cookies sold may increase to 115,000. On the other hand, if the company decides to increase the price per cookies to $1.25, the number of cookies sold may reduce to approximately 85,000. This can only apply when all other factors like customer preference are constant (Saint-Leger, 2011). In this regard, there are various assumptions made in relation to the law of demand for the establishment of the price-demand relationship. These assumptions include assuming that the income of consumers does not change, there are no changes in preferences and tastes of consumers, prices of other goods remain constant and there are no changes in the size and composition of the consumer population (Akrani, 2009). A demand curve clearly represents the effect of price on the quantity of goods and services demanded. In the demand curve, the quantity demanded lies on the horizontal axis while the price lies on the vertical axis. Any change in the price causes a shift along the demand curve. However, there are other factors that can cause a shift in the demand curve other than price. These may include price alterations for complement goods, consumer demand for alternate goods and customer preferences (Saint-Leger, 2011). Even though it is evident that quantity demanded changes as price of commodities changes, such a change varies from commodity to commodity. This means that the amount of change is not constant for all commodities. In this case, some goods and services respond more to changes in price while others respond less. Elasticity of demand explains the extent of the responsiveness of quantity demanded in relation to changes in price. This means that the elasticity of demand explains further the relationship of price and demand (Akrani, 2009). Factors affecting the demand of commodities There are v
Religion has played a central role in people lives for centuries. People need it to feel more complete and have a purpose in their lives. They want to become a part of something bigger. Notably, all religions have certain features in common as they affect people in a very similar way. The film Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple reveal some of the most distinctive features of any religion. These major features outlined in the film include purpose, connectedness, and reconsidering certain values. Admittedly, one of the major features of religions is that they bring a goal into people’s lives. Thus, one of the former members of Peoples Temple notes that he had not had a good lifestyle as he had taken drugs and he had drunk alcohol, but he joined the new church, and it was a new start for him ( Jonestown ). It has been acknowledged that when people are disappointed with their lives in society and can start searching for an alternative. Churches and numerous
In present days, due to globalization and internationalization (especially in business) people live in a culturally varied society. With such an expansion of our world effective intercultural communication became essential, because people of different cultures have a different conception of competent behavior (Varner and Beamer n.p.). Culture is collective programming, a system of meanings and notions, which are shared between the members of one culture group and are used to construe the world around them. Many cultural groups have different values, traditions, norms, patterns of behavior and communication. That is why it is relevant to understand effective communication between groups of different cultures. There is no unified theory for cultural studies. There are many methods, approaches, and different perspectives in it. Cross-cultural communication combines fields like cultural studies, communication, psychology and even anthropology. There is no unique model of cultural aspects and the variety of them shows how many-sided the approach and methodology can be. There are some most popular models that are used nowadays: Edward T. Hall’s Cultural Iceberg Model, Geert Hofstede’s model, Fons Trompenaars’s model, etc. Let us consider Russian culture using the Trompenaars’s model, following it point by point. The seven dimensions are listed below:  1. Universalism versus particularism.  2. Individualism versus communitarianism.  3. Specific versus diffuse.  4. Neutral versus emotional.  5. Achievement versus ascription.  6. Sequential time versus synchronous time.  7. Internal direction versus outer direction. (“ The Seven Dimensions of Culture ” n.par.) On the one hand, Russian business culture is notable for its autocratic management style that came from the Soviet era. It sharply contrasts to the open and collaborative one in American practices. On the other hand, Russians v
Cedric Jennings is the protagonist in the story “ A Hope In the Unseen” by Ron Suskind. He has a high motivation to perform well in his education even though he goes through so many challenges. The challenges that Cedric goes through are brought about by his pat, his identity, his culture, and the people he meets in life. Being from a low-class child whose mother struggles to make ends meet for him and his two other sisters. His father is a drug dealer who goes to jail. and comes out frequently. Initially, he starts school in a better school and proves to be worth it. The problem comes in when his mother cannot afford to keep him in this school, forcing him to change schools and as a result, he goes to Ballou High School where good performance is scorned. This does not however discourage him from being a good performer. He tries and does everything he can to make sure that he performs well. He is scared of coming for the celebrations that would expose him to ridicule by other students but he realizes that he likes his performance. He is attempting to carve out his identity through performing well in education. Even her mother Barbra Jennings shows her concern that if he gets himself so much into this education, he might lose his identity which, according to her and the society they live in, low-class people do not have a place in higher learning institutions. The other factor that plays a very challenging role in his life is his race. Being a black student in a racist society, he is faced with all the difficulties that are associated with him being black. The presence of racism is demonstrated by the way other students nick-name the performing students in this school whiteys, a clear indication that goods education belonged to the white. Another instance where he is put off is when he gets to the Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science, although it proves to be very difficult for him, especially since he came from a poor school, he attempts to improve, the faculty director who is white- Leon Trilling tells him off that he did not belong there. He immediately dismisses Trilling as a racist, but on the other hand, he feels like he belongs to Ballou, where he decides to join Brown University that is more accommodative to the minority students, he discovers. Even though he is here, he still struggles, though his personality keeps on changing. He keeps friends for a short time for example his roommate. At a certain period, he decides to behave like someone who is from the ghetto and he realizes that he even gets more people liking him that way for example some like him for his knowledge of hip hop. This makes him see that he has been taking trouble avoiding people who could be his friends, that is, other black kids. Cedric’s culture also brings about difficulty because in his urge to seek education, he seems to be dealing with people wh
Directed by Ron Howard in the year 2001, A Beautiful Mind is a chef-d’oeuvre film based on the life of Nobel Laureate in Economics, John Nash. The film brings out the struggles that Nash encounters with his mental health. In the year 1948, Nash enrolls at Princeton University as a graduate student and immediately stands out from the others. Mostly, he keeps to himself, but in some occasions, he goes out with his classmates for drinks (Howard, 2001). Nash makes it his priority to find an original mathematical theorem. His best friend while at Princeton is Charles Herman who doubles as his roommate. Later on, he works his way up the ladder to become a professor before taking Alicia as his wife in the same institution. With time, Nash becomes schizophrenic and thus as expected becomes disillusioned if not irrational. He retreats from the world, but in the 1970s, he gets back into the academics world and slowly returns to teaching and research. As fate would have it, John incredibly wins the 1994 coveted Nobel Prize in Economics (Howard, 2001). The role of Nash as played by Russell Crowe, the protagonist in A Beautiful Mind film is to bring out the leading actor’s role in the film. He is the central character in the film and he ends up in conflict due to the struggles that he faces after being diagnosed with a mental disorder. Nash’s role is to evoke intrigue and excitement coupled with many other emotions to the audience. Right from when he enters Princeton, his social life and determination to come up with a mathematical theorem, his falling in love and marrying Alicia, and finally his being a victim of a mental disorder, the audience is filled with different emotions. At the beginning of the film, Nash stands out as a character full of ethics in that he lives a moral and virtuous life while in school, but later on after he marries Alicia, he puts his infant son in danger and knocks down Alicia together with the baby. However, proponents of his ethical behavior would attribute this incidence to his mental disorder, schizophrenia (Howard, 2001). Overall, it is clear that his character is ethical and his shortcomings hinge on the fact that he suffered sudden illness, which he overcomes later. In real life, the reality of the occurrences surrounding Nash is evident in the contemporary society. A person might be good at what he or she does and s/he might be living to his or her potential, but all over a sudden, s/he suffers from a disorder that pulls him or her behind and forces him/her to become inadequate since s/he has to rely on medication. In addition, such people become dependants. Such people might even die and a good example is Steve Jobs of Apple Inc. who bowed to cancer. However, with good support from family and friends, one can pull through and go back to living a nor