ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Definition Medical waste is “waste sufficiently capable of causing infection during handling and disposal.” Synonyms Biomedical waste, biohazardous waste, clinical waste, regulated medical waste (RMW), healthcare waste, infectious medical waste. Types of medical waste   * Sharps – Needles, lancets, glass shards, razors, scalpels, and other objects that can pierce one’s skin.   * Infectious – Used swabs, equipment, lab cultures, tissues, and excreta.   * Radioactive – Radiotherapy and lab research liquids, including contaminated holding containers.   * Pathological – Contaminated animal carcasses, human tissue, body parts, blood, and other bodily fluids.   * Pharmaceuticals – Vaccines, antibiotics, pills, and injectables that are expired, unused, or contaminated.   * Chemical – Heavy metals for medical equipment (mercury), batteries, solvents, and disinfectants.   * Genotoxic – Highly dangerous waste that can be teratogenic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic (drugs for cancer treatment).   * General non-regulated – this type of waste is non-hazardous. Healthcare providers must follow the national and state regulations, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). One must never dispose of waste in improper ways. For instance, prescription drugs should never be flushed down the drain or toilet unless specified on the label or patient information. These drugs can be disposed of through community pharmaceutical return programs or collection events. To dispose of prescription drugs, one must take them out of their containers, mix them with an undesirable substance, put them in a disposal container with a lid, remove all personal information, and place the sealed container with this mixture trash. Sharps are a health hazard for the public. Thus, they should be disposed of properly. One must not put shards in the waste bin without a specifically designed container. Removing an already tossed needle from the waste should not be attempted. Medical centers can have onsite and offsite medical waste treatments. The former is expensive to maintain and manage and is used by large organizations. Smaller facilities can use offsite treatment by hiring third-party vendors that collect and dispose of waste by using mail or truck services. Waste processing Waste can be processed in the following ways:   * Incineration – Currently, the only method used for pathological waste. In 1997, the EPA regulations changed to restrict the use of burning as a primary ty
Introduction Darfur’s crisis has been labeled as one of the complex political problems of the world’s community. The crisis was caused by undercurrents in the economic, political, and environmental dimensions. This paper examines the Darfur crisis as Sudanese government’s failure to respect human sanctity. The government sponsored activities of militias such as Janjaweed which was involved in mass exploitation and killing of innocent civilians.The paper provides a detailed description of Darfur problem as the consequence of the prolonged conflict between the Arab Muslims in the North and non-Arab Africans in the South. It also explores the traditional and current content of the US policies concerning Sudan and how they have affected the situation in Darfur. The writer recommends paying attention to the development of strategies for paying the compensation for the Darfur victims, dismantling systems of violence, supporting the United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) peace initiative and regulating the US-Sudan relations as a practical approach the US should implement to ensure peace and stability in Darfur. Statement of Darfur problem The violation of human rights by regimes and rigid democracies are the common features of the African leaders (“Darfur Daily News”). Ethnicity and favoritism are used as means for gaining political mileage. The practice is also the cause of civil and ethnic conflicts that resulted into genocide in Burundi and Rwanda in 1994. Raftopoulos and Alexander (53) define Genocide as an act designed to destroy social, economic and political structures as a whole or a part of the community. The act can surge destruction of religious, racial, ethnic or a national group by insinuating bodily damage, homicide or inflicting mental disharmony on a targeted group, therefore, directly altering the established systems in society (Haganand Richmond 88). Darfur conflict started in 2003. The conflict was instigated by the Justice and Equality Movement and Sudan Liberation Army (SPLM). The groups accused the Sudan ruling regime of outright favoritism towards particular ethnic groups which resulted in disproportionate resource distribution (Raftopoulos and Alexander 74). The Sudan government intensified the conflict, involving the military forces, police and Janjaweed into settling it. Janjaweed is a government mercenary group of Arab tribes of Abbala which stay in Northern Sudan. Two major rebel groups, namely JEM and SPLM, gave battles to the government during the conflict. The two groups are linked to non-Arab Muslims forces consisting of Zaghawa, Masalit and Fur. The Sudanese government supported Janjaweed and other pro-government armed groups financially and provided them with all the necessary essentials and weapon for stimulating their attacks on Darfur civilians (Cordell and Wolff 68). Description of Darfur Problem The Darfur conflict is perp
Fiscal policy can be considered a powerful tool that is used by the state to regulate its economy and monitor its state. It can be determined as a set of regulations and means by using which the government of a country adjusts and controls its spending levels and tax rates to guarantee that the national economy evolves and enjoys a beneficial environment (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2016). The given policy impacts all spheres or interactions presupposing monetary operations, which means that it also becomes one of the factors shaping macroeconomics. Moreover, the peculiarities and current state of the fiscal policy can be discussed by the Council of Economic Advisers, which means that this body is another aspect that might include macro. To demonstrate how fiscal policy can shape macroeconomics, three various spheres can be discussed. For instance, speaking about the circular flow and its models, the regulations offered by the government play a crucial role here. It is a model that describes how money flows through the economy and what regulatory acts should be applied to observe the laws and establish a practical and working model guaranteeing the positive outcome (McConnell et al., 2016). The basic components of the circular flow are savings and taxes that exist at the moment. Fiscal policy presupposes the influence on economic activities by adjusting government revenue and introducing special taxation policies. It proves the idea that fiscal policy is one of the factors directly impacting circular flow. Failing businesses are another example demonstrating the role of this element in the macroeconomics. Taxation is traditionally one of the potent measures that can be used by the government to support some problematic areas. Lower taxes leave more money and resources for companies to evolve, improve their current status, and create the basis for their further growth (De Jesus & Correia, 2016). For this reason, tax remissions might be used to support sectors that face problems and need additional regulation. Moreover, CEA might outline fields that demand specific attention and application of modified fiscal policy regarding the current statistics and financial data. Finally, fiscal policy is an effective tool in addressing the most problematic
Agenda An in-service seminar focusing on medication administration for nurses aims to ensure the usefulness of a nurse as a mediator that strives to increase the effectiveness of medical services. The session assists nurse practitioners in setting the strategy and obtaining the resources needed to guarantee the success of the group’s quality improvement activities. Nurse specialists play a key role in improving the quality of medical services by enhancing healthcare provision, treatment consultation, and patients’ awareness and education. The session strives at considering potential opportunities of creating safe conditions for the administration of medical services. Outcomes Based on the results of this session, the audience will gain a broader understanding of the importance of nursing activity in ensuring the quality of the healthcare system. During the discussion, the topics of the lack of the minimum necessary basic knowledge among patients and the inability of specialists to convey the basic terms from medicine correctly will be emphasized. The audience will get acquainted with the plan to improve safe medication administration that is significantly relevant under the pandemic condition. Section of questions and feedback will give a more in-depth understanding of the program. Stating the issue The current problem in medical administration is the lack of basic medical knowledge among patients, which increases the incidence of diseases and complaints. In addition, some healthcare professionals utilize complex professional vocabulary and terminology that do not allow an average person to get a complete picture of what is happening. The importance of paying attention to this aspect lies in the need to create a caring and competent medical atmosphere that will allow high-quality interaction between medical institutions and citizens. Furthermore, due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, this pro
In the present day society both women and men have multiple roles of parents, employees, partners, neighbors, and friends. The ability to combine several roles is very important. The purpose of the present paper is to critique the peer-reviewed article entitled Women, Men, Work, and Family: An Expansionist Theory . Rosalind Chait Barnett of Brandeis University and Janet Shibley Hyde of University of Wisconsin collaborated to write this research. It was published in American Psychologist in October 2001. I will thoroughly summarize Barnett and Hyde’s work, paying particular attention to the empirical evidence and conclusion parts. A discussion of the weak points of the researchers’ arguments will be explored. I will highlight the strong points of the article as well. A suggestion for further research on the beneficial process of adding income will be offered. Finally, my own opinions on the multiple roles influence on the health will be offered to the reader. The authors start with summarizing the classical theories concerning gender roles in the family, demonstrating their partial obsoleteness. Analyzing the main points of the functionalists’, psychoanalytic, sociobiologists’ and evolutionary theories, which focused on the physiological basis of the difference in gender roles, they argue the fact that the roles are inherent. The researchers note that the roles are not immutable and the situation and context may influence them greatly. Comparing stress experienced by men and women with multiple roles of employees and parents and/or partners to the families with traditional roles division, the authors state that it appeared to be lower in the first case. The researches made an attempt to fill the theoretical gap, developing a new theory, which, in their opinion, better suits the contemporary realities. Barnett, R.C., Hyde, J.S. (2001) state that “multiple roles are, in general, beneficial for both women and men, as reflected in mental health, physical health, and relationship health” (p. 784). Researching the positive effects of the multiple roles, the authors consider buffering, added income, social support, opportunities to experience success, expanded frame or reference, increased self-complexity, similarity of experiences to be the beneficial consequences. As quoted in Barnett and Hyde’s article, Voydanoff and Donnelly (1999) found that job satisfaction and marital happiness acted as buffers or moderators, this fact supports the idea of buffering resulting from the multiple roles. The income added by a wife to the family budget is supposed to reduce distress of a sole-bread-winner husband and to improve the relationship health. Integration into a social network provides additional support and opportunities for self–realization, enabling them to experience success. Similarity of experience
The policy entrepreneurs are using an approach known as the problem stream under the multi-stream framework introduced by John Kingdon to define opportunities for policy change within the fragmented political system of the United States. The problem stream approaches a problem from the perception that it is a public issue which must require government interference in order to address it. It reaches the awareness of policymakers due to the critical nature of the issue and potential need for change in the status quo (Béland & Howlett, 2016). In this case study, policy analysts narrowly focus on an issue from a perspective of public health and safety. They offer statistical data and research to support their stance on change, portraying it as a crisis which is largely preventable. Communication is a key concept in public policy analysis and creation as it is necessary to resolve problems. Access to information is necessary at every stage of policy creation, including identifying a problem, deliberating its causes and issues, arguing on approaches, and finalizing a solution. Communication is action-oriented by direction information in a manner which promotes specific policy decisions on a specific issue. Furthermore, communication creates a context for any information by setting expectations of the stakeholders and ensuring transparency for the public and all involved sides of the debate.
As the most destructive war in the history of mankind, Second World War, culminated in the year 1945, countries all over the world were in a sorry state. Over fifty five million people were killed, a lot of property destroyed, lots of people incapacitated by the war, huge sums of money spent on the war and, generally speaking, economies crippled by the war. There was need for emergency revival of all kind of infrastructure in almost every country in the world. The main participants in the war included Asia, Europe and North Africa with the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea offering additional battlegrounds (“World War II” 1). The war brought about insurmountable problems that took the world decades to solve; the major ones being economic depression and dilution of socio-cultural values. The war started in September 1, 1939 when Germany attacked Poland and exercised its authority over other nations. These were: the Netherlands, France, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg and Belgium. It also conquered Greece and Yugoslavia thereafter. Elsewhere, Japan invited the United States to the war by their 1941 Pearl-Harbor invasion. This was due to the belief by Germany, Japan and Italy that they were unjustly prevented from getting their fair share of the world’s economic cake. They believed that the United States, the Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and France dominated the world economically and therefore they were looking forward to controlling certain strategic territories in order to regain their economic power. All major countries in the whole world were eventually involved in the war that remarkably led to the transfer of the title of the ‘world’s superpower’ from Western Europe to USSR (“World War II” 1). Before the war begun, nations had been struggling to recover from the effects of the First World War and thus most of them had adopted a dictatorial form of government. Dictators like Adolf Hitler used the condition left by the First World War to win support from their nationals who were desperate to break free from these oppressive conditions, for instance, the treaty of Versailles. After Germany formed a republican government in 1919, people were not supportive of the government’s acceptance of the treaty of Versailles. They were therefore ready to support any ideas that came along with the rejection of the oppressive treaty. When Hitler formed his socialist Nazi party, it became the consolation of the people since he was ready to save them from the embarrassment of the First World War. Thus, even though the ideas of socialism are definitely bad, Hitler and his Nazi party later formed the government in Germany. After violating the non-aggression treaty he signed with Stalin, Hitler started a war between Russia and Germany. He was trying to conquer Russia in disagreement of the treaty he signed with his fellow dictator. This war saw the death of millions of Russians and Germans. These behaviors led to a lot of genocides and wars whose effec
Introduction Sugar Plum Bakery (SPB) is a bakery retail business established in Camarillo, California and targets regular and loyal customer with a passion for baked products. The company’s commitments are to provide delicious nut-free baked goods using high-quality ingredients at a reasonable cost to the consumer. The company’s management has also evaluated and taken into consideration consumers allergic to nuts. To deal with this situation, Sugar Plum Bakery plans to provide delectable homemade treats in a safe environment for consumers allergic to nuts. The company’s goals and objectives are to build a strong and counterproductive market position in Camarillo. This can be achieved by positively benefiting its people in business partnership and improved competitive climate in the area. Allergy Allergy is an abnormal reaction of one’s body after contamination with allergens by inhalation, ingestion, injection or skin contact. There has been much research on food allergy in general but not much on peanut allergy alone. Sugar plum bakery has evolutionary grown with the increased in demand of peanut by consumers globally. Scientist and health professions have defined a substance called allergen to be the primary course of allergy which contains proteins in the food we eat. Peanut allergy is common in children that vary from person to person according to ones immune system. Allergy health professionals have established clinic all over the world to help diagnose allergic patients. In some countries like the US, the Federal Food Allergen and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) require that all packaged food must be labeled specifying ingredients contained in the package (Masi, 1995, 78). A research has shown that food allergies are mostly coursed by the sensitivity of the peanut. Sugar Plum Bakery is determined to eliminate allergy problems to consumers at all cost. The cost of our company’s product will be affordable to all consumers with an equalized profit for the company’s management and development. Environmental management in Camarillo is in the interest of Sugar Plum Bakery. Furthermore, the health of Camarillo residents is our main concern in partnership with the local business men. Our products will be freely distributed to local businesses at a minimum cost. Our business is strategically located and readily accessible from all corners of Camarillo with enough space for expansion (Joshi, 2005, 39). Competition Competitors are business rivals or one who is competing against the other. Sugar Plum Bakery business has been on the increase due to demand in its products i.e. peanut. This has lead to competition between businesses entrepreneurs involved in Sugar Plum Bakery. However, the company has survived the competition and has been able to keep cat bay rigorous competitors. Sugar Plum Bakery is a competitive business in today’s market especially due to high consumption and demand of its product globally. The quality of a company’s product improves its demand by the consumers (Joshi,
Cultural products refer to products with cultural contents, examples of which include values, beliefs, or stories about certain cultures, which are used to affect and guide strategy adaptation, execution, and assessment activities. Organizational culture refers to a set of behavior developed by people within the organization as it adapts to the various internal and external forces, which can be passed on to new members as a way to act and conduct business within the organization (David, 2011). Organizational culture is a metaphor for a person’s personality because no two organizations have exactly the same culture, just as no two individuals are the same (David, 2011). According to Liyu (2009), there is no particular definition for cultural products as the industry that produces cultural products can only be recognized with the presence of another industry, and the classification of this industry is different in many countries. Examples of cultural products vary according to cultural orientation. In China, for instance, cultural products refer to articles and products for movie and television, games, fine art works, and those about music (Han, 2009). David (2011) classified cultural products according to the identified cultural practices. There are products about ceremonies that combine several forms of cultural manifestations on one occasion.
Liverpool hospital in Sydney is a leading public healthcare facility that has served the people of Liverpool for the last two centuries. Over the years, the hospital has been undergoing various phases of upgrading to ensure that it is able to meet people’s health needs. Besides, the hospital has embraced technology in full measure, upgrading its quality of services to its clients. Being situated at the heart of Liverpool, the hospital has the capacity to serve over 800 patients at once. The Liverpool Queens hospital has decided to put up an alcohol and drug-abuse rehabilitation center within the facility. The construction of the facility is projected to begin in January 2013, lasting to the end of February the same year. This will be good news to those around the neighborhood as the problem of alcohol and drug-abuse has been reportedly rampant among young adults. The hospital receives over twenty cases of alcohol and drug-abuse related ailments every day, a trend that is causing a lot of worry. The hospital, in response to this distress, has decided to bring help closer to the people of Liverpool by the construction of the annex facility. The Alcohol and Drug-Abuse Center (ADAC) will provide full therapy to patients. This means that it will employ some of its staff to identification of cases within the community that need medical care. This will be done by putting up a call center, where persons can freely and confidentially report on cases of drug users and addicts. The hospital’s social workers will then be dispatched to get these people and persuade them to come for treatment. Once in the hospital, the patients will be counseled, nourished, and given rehabilitation care as well as medical care. Successful rehabilitated people will be reintegrated back to the society through a number of measures, among them finding employment for them and reuniting them with their friends and family members. This initiative will be highly beneficial to the community. Children will be able to succeed through high school and college without being in high risk for drugs. Security will be improved for the community. Most alcohol and drug users pose a threat to the security of the community because of driving while drunk, theft and robbery, and carjacking among others. The morality for the community will also be on the increase as vices related to alcohol and drug use such as prostitution will be reduced. Lastly, the community’s health will be generally improved through the intervention. Alcohol and drug abuse is one of the leading causes of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. A rehabilitation center would see these transmissions decline, thus improving the general health of the community. The project will cost the hospital an estimated $850,000, plus or minus 10%. Most of these funds will be solicited locally and from the government. The hospital will also contribute to the costs, as well as providing land and capital asset facilities.