Introduction Cognitive psychology is a school of thought that deals with internal mental processes like problem-solving, memory, and language. Cognition is a process where the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, and then recovered. Two views were concerned with the localization of the higher cognitive functions. First, it is phrenology which in the extreme form ensured that all the cognitive abilities and the personality traits had specific areas of the brain that control each one separately. This view was rejected because most of the proponents of it did not follow the scientific methods. Second, it is the view that postulated that the higher cognitive functions and the traits could only be localized in the cerebral cortex where the cortex functioned as a whole with any part of it substituting for the functions of the other. It also showed that the effects on the cognitive functions were due to the cortical lesions because of the extent of the damaged tissue. Scientist accepts the version between the holism and the phrenology due to the discovery of the association of cortices. (Antonio, 2000) Main Body The study of the sensory systems that is the vision led to the discovery that a lot of the processing was carried out by the system itself. The dependent of the cortical localization is the higher-order sensory cortices such as the detection of direction, intensity, contrast, and speed. This area is of importance to the human brain because one can know how to deal with the surrounding area. Some areas respond to the combination of the two sensory inputs and they are called the association cortices. The cortical systems are classified based on the functions they play in the brain. There are the primary sensory cortices whereby it is the part in which information first arrives at the cortical level. There are also the higher-order sensory cortices and also the association cortices that have to function in harmony. The cortical association areas are mainly for thought and perception as the stimulation of these areas produces behavioral changes but still receives the sensory input from the high order sensory systems and the project to the motor cortex. The association areas of the cortex are the parietal- temporal- occipital cortex which has regions that receive somatosensory, auditory, and visual projections and also receives the high-order input from their respective cortices. The prefrontal association areas have control over several cognitive behaviors and also have control over motor planning. These parts of the brain have to function well so that the person will not have problems in carrying out the activities. If the brain is affected by things like diseases then it means that one will not do the work as expected because the controller of the functioning of the body is affected. The brain is seen as the most delicate part of the body that requires a lot of care as malfunctioning of one part of the brain leads to an effect on the whole body. Phineas Gage is the most famous person that survived severe damage to the brain. In the accident, he was knocked over but did not lose his consciousness with the fact that his left side of the brain was completely damaged. The accident he was engaged in was a blast that led to the explosion of the powder as he carried an