ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The history of relationships between China, its neighbors, and the United States shows many developments where the countries changed their positions towards each other. Sino-American ties, for example, have often been challenged by military conflicts and the two nations’ desire to expand their position on the global market. China’s neighbors also experienced the influence of the growing Chinese economy on themselves, as the Asian country is gaining more power to establish its place in the region. Nonetheless, the future of these connections remains unknown as Chinese and other nations’ officials do not overtly declare their opinion on the possibility of conflict. The analysis of the current relations among China, its neighbors, and the US suggests that a conflict between the two major nations is not impossible. Although it can be prevented, the growing economic tension may lead to increasing disputes. Industrialization The first concern that arises with the development of China is its rapidly progressing industrialization which has already placed China above many previously economically developed countries. Currently, the place of China on the global market is substantial – a large part of all manufacturing processes happens or is controlled by China (Zhong). Therefore, one may assume that the outcomes of the country’s growing role in business can lead to it accumulating funds for other assets. In particular, the connection between economic expansion and military power is outlined. Here, the argument can be based on the fact that China will soon be able to gather enough resources to strengthen its military and change its course from economic to political empowerment. According to Mearsheimer, this outcome is possible since China continues to develop and support various military endeavors (384). Therefore, the notion that China may exercise its power after gaining enough resources is not implausible. If the country were to pursue this path, it would likely choose to dominate the region before moving outside of Asia. A counterargument to this idea notes that China is currently focused on expanding its defensive capabilities rather than offensive ones. For example, their navy forces are seen as a defensive measure by the government. However, one should take into account, that military power, whether it is intended to defend or offend, is multifunctional. Moreover, the presence of a strong and developed army can be suggestive of a country’s readiness for any type of conflict. While China and other states have a right to be thinking about their protection, the expansive growth of military capabilities cannot be dismissed by the n
Public health implications of Terri Schiavo’s case Terri Schiavo died in 2005 after staying in a vegetative state for 15 years. There was a heated controversy on whether she should continue being maintained in that state. Finally, it was agreed that her feeding tube should be removed, and she died 13 days later. Her condition led to heated battles between her family and husband about whether she should continue in the vegetative state or not. Her condition brought to light the controversy surrounding the way people in a vegetative state should be treated and the people who should be responsible for making decisions on their behalf. The role of physicians in shaping the opinion of the public about whether or not to end life is uncertain because they are not trained in ethics but medicine. The Terri Schiavo case highlighted the thin line between life and death and between morality and medicine (Quill 1630). The case has made many people to start thinking about end of life issues and make their wishes concerning this issue known to their close relatives. People have become aware of how important it is to have a will and to talk to their families about what kind of end-of-life options they would prefer. Definition of Being Alive To be alive is to be capable of responsiveness and awareness of the surrounding. A person in a vegetative state is not alive since he/ she does not have these capabilities. The brain has stopped functioning and the person is just being artificially kept alive by a machine. Though patients in vegetative state may show, reflexes like yawning and movement of the eyes, the individual is not aware of the environment or him/herself. This condition is caused by serious brain damage. A clear definition of a person who is alive is important in order to be able to make decisions about patients in a vegetative state. If they were able to speak for themselves, most patients would not want to be kept in a vegetative state. Would You Have Made The Same Choices If You Were A Member Of This Family? If I was a member of Terri Schiavo’s family, I would have supported the decision to remove her feeding tube. When someone enters a vegetative state, there is no point in continuing to prolong his/ her life artificially since he/she cannot improve. Death is inevitable no matter how long this person is kept alive. It is better to let nature take its course and let the person die. If a human being is not capable of cognition, emotions or wilful activity, then there is no point of being kept alive through artificial means (Quill 1631). My Thoughts on End-Of-Life Issues Death is a normal and an unavoidable occurrence that must happen to every living thing; therefore we should constantly think about it and prepare for it. I might be alive and well today, but no one knows about the future. Therefore, if anything was to happen to me and I happened to be in a vegetative state, I would want my family to do what is best for me. To me, life means that I am able to make my own decisions, have emotions and be aware of what is happening around me. If I am not cap
Historical and Organizational Context The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) was first introduced in 2004. The commission was responsible for examining the capacities as well as challenges of the United States Intelligence Community (U.S. IC) regarding the intentions, capabilities, and activities of international powers (Robb et al., 2005, p. 13). WMD was focused on the design, growth, production, procurement, ownership/control, spread, transfer, testing, potential, and actual use of weapons of mass destruction. The primary cause of the WMD Commission establishment was the failure to discover WMD in Iraq after the upheaval of the reign of Saddam Hussein (Tracey, n.d., p. 1). Leading to the 2003 conflict, President Bush mandated the assessments of the U.S. Intelligence Community to emphasize that Iraq’s nuclear program had been reconstituted by Saddam Hussein and asserted the possession of biological and chemical weapons. The report examined the Intelligence Community’s performance in Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan in terms of the war on terrorism. It listed a set of recommendations to reconsider the structure and corporate culture of the intelligence service (Robb et al., 2005, p. 45). Members of the commission argued that evidence presented regarding Iraq was irrelevant, and the collections were largely cut off from those involved in its analysis. Also, the research of the WMD data lacked investigative thoroughness and consistency. Engaged specialists did not consider alternative hypotheses, such as Saddam Hussein’s history of use of WMD. Hence, the WMD report highlights the need to integrate data collectors and analysts as well as improving information shared. The Rationale for the Study This study aims to analyze the work of the WMD Commission and provides a better understanding of its historical and organizational context. Another goal is to examine the commission’s principal recommendations related to Intelligence Community management and oversight. There are multiple studies on the Presidential WMD Commission Report; however, further analysis can still be conducted to summarize significant findings and offer more insight into how it can improve the Intelligence Community. The commission’s conclusions provide critical information that can help the intelligence community and empower the public with necessary information about preparedness regarding WMD attacks. Participants and Methodology The WMD Commission’s report was created by a team consisting of eight members and headed by two chairpersons: Laurence Silberman and Charles Robb. The commission issued its final statement in March 2005, highlighting major intelligence debacle leading to the September 2001 t
Introduction Health professionals’ guidance and support are important ways of a broad strategy to tobacco control. Health professionals can contribute significantly to tobacco control in Australia and the health of the community by providing opportunities for smoking patients to quit smoking. Health professionals take a crucial role in educating and motivating smoking patients and also diagnosing their dependence on nicotine and providing medical assistance to stop. Health professionals should thoroughly examine smoking patients, assess their smoking status, and provide them guidance and cessation therapy at all opportunities. When a patient comes with a problem caused or worsened by smoking, the health professional must raise the issue of quitting smoking (Robyn and Boyle, 2004). Health professionals can work together with other parties to make possible accessibility and affordability for treatment of tobacco dependence including pharmaceutical products and their constituents (these include medicines, and products used to administer medicines and diagnostics) in pursuit of Article 22 of the FCTC (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008). Three cognitive-behavioral approaches to quitting smoking   * Delay – this involves taking a much longer time than usual before taking the cigarette. This is an intentional delay by the smoker so that at the end of the day, the smoker reduces the number of cigarettes taken and reduces together smoking.   * Doing something else – this involves preoccupying oneself with something else that could be done besides smoking. One distracts the mind from the usual smoking.   * Drinking water – this is rather unconventional but in a way, can assist to ease the craving for a cigarette for at least in the short term. Medications used for stopping smoking. How does each work? Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) Nicotine is the element in tobacco that makes smokers addicted and dependent on cigarettes. The goal of this mode of treatment is to reduce withdrawal symptoms by giving some of the nicotine that would usually be got from cigarettes, without giving the harmful factors of tobacco smoke. The available forms of NRT are transdermal patch, gum, inhaler, lozenge, and sublingual tablet. Varenicline Varenicline is a “nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor partial agonist to alleviate symptoms of craving and withdrawal.” It was developed purposely for smoke quitting by targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor in the reward centers in the brain. Consequently, when a person smokes, the drug stops the inhaled nicotine from stimulating the α4β2 receptor adequately to cause the satisfaction and reward response. This mechanism explains why this mode of treatment is more long-term (The RACGP, 2011). Bupropion Bupropion is a non-nicotine oral therapy that reduces the urge to smoke reduces symptoms from nicotine withdrawal and considerably increases the long-term cessation rate. Bupropion is effective in
Introduction A Passage to India is a must-read chef-d’oeuvre written by E. M Forster to shed light on his first-hand experience in India. The following essay provides a detailed critique of the same book. Some of the topics to be discussed include the setting of the book, plots, characters, point of view, and the literary styles used. A critical analysis of a book allows the acquisition of the necessary skills in literature. Setting The book is written in an Indian setting. The town of Chandrapore is the place that the two sections are based on, with the other location being the Marabar Caves near Chandrapone. Having an Indian setting, the book bears various inclusions of several British people. The town is also characterized by different populations with different privileges. The British people are superior to the local Indians since they live in luxurious houses and drink at prominent clubs where the Indians are not allowed. The Indians are also allowed to live only in certain areas of the town, which are less appealing, thus displaying their lower social status. The other place that the book is set on is a place called Mau in the same country. Symbolically, the section headings, “Caves,” “Mosque,” and “Temple” represent the different areas in which the book is set. Thus, the book covers the wider India and uses it to bring out the various themes. The author presents the setting of the book in an easy-to-understand and photographic manner. He can create a picture in the minds of readers concerning the setting of the book. This allows him to communicate effectively to the audience and make the story thrilling and informative at the same time. An example is in the first chapter when he describes the town in which the book is set. He states, “Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges; it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely” (Forster 16). He also describes the existing architecture allowing readers to place the book in the relevant period. To illustrate this point, when describing the town, the author states, “The zest for decoration stopped in the eighteenth century, nor was it ever democratic…There is no painting and scarcely any carving in the bazaars” (Forster 16). The other characteristic about the presentation of the setting is that the author uses symbols to direct the leader to the theme of the story and the meanings. Also noticeable is how the author uses India, a former British colony, to bring out the various meanings of the book. He chose the country and the specific towns and locations to portray the British citizens as ruthless and detached people only looking to benefit from the col
Whether or not Queen Gertrude, Prince Hamlet’s mother, was guilty of being part of the conspiracy that led to the murder of her husband, King Hamlet is debatable. This follows the fact that every critic presents a proof that defends his/her position concerning the debate, a case that takes place even today. Those on the support of her innocence conclude that she is just a victim of circumstances since she finds herself caught up in conditions that expose her to being associated with the conspiracy that she knew nothing about. However, whether this is true or not does not mean that she should escape judgment if the guilty must face it based on their actions. Queen Gertrude might not have been present in the murder of her husband but that is true of all possible masterminds of wicked conspiracies. Her actions as portrayed by Shakespeare in the story lead one to the conclusion that she is as guilty as the one who executed the real murder of King Hamlet. There is enough proof tabled in the story that link Gertrude to the knowledge of the conspiracy plotted against her husband. When the slain king’s ghost appears to Prince Hamlet, its description of the murder does not involve the mention of the queen as being among the perpetrators. However, this does not necessarily exempt her from the conspiracy considering the power behind the ghost: the deep feeling of love that King Hamlet had for his queen. The lines, “Revenge his foul and must unnatural murder…But howsoever thou pursue this act, taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven” (Hoy I.V. 84-85). King Hamlet suggests that Gertrude be left alone to be haunted by her conscience. This implies that King Hamlet only wanted to save his son from the possible guilt that he may have faced when he engaged in killing his own mother. The fact that Queen Gertrude remarried Claudius, the murderer of her husband after only two months when the grave of King Hamlet was still fresh raises eyebrows. This is by considering the fact that in those days marrying the brother in-law implied incestuous, which Gertrude did even without second thoughts. This gives rise to the impression that she had waited for the day when her husband would be no more, a time when she would marry his late husband’s brother. Considering that she was not even concerned about the impression that her actions would cause to the people of Denmark, she truly might have been an accomplice in
In the competitive environment it takes huge sums of money, sometimes over long periods, for media campaigns to be really effective. DGS (Gaming System for Dell Computer) is an innovative product which needs creative and unique media campaign to attract potential consumers. Advertisers, on the other hand, should take the attitude that it is indeed possible to know what works, and what doesn’t and why. As a result they can confidently reject attempts to obscure their inquiries or fob off their concerns about whether their advertising is working. Belief in the exclusive power and province of the tribal medicine man belongs to an era that has passed (Evans et al, 2004). The media campaign budget will be based on purchase of media time and space. The main media selected for campaign are TV, press and the Internet. Also, the budget will involve all direct and indirect costs of the campaign. The budget should be aligned with the goals and aims of the campaign. The budget process sets up procedures (financial regulations) for authorizing expenditure and the headings under which money can be expended. The accounting system provides information on the levels of actual expenditure against budgeted expenditure. Taking into account experience and success of Dell’s competitor Sony, it will require $127M for media campaign. Dell should be able to get much more effectiveness out of their media campaign budget and out of working with their advertising agency And consumers should be able to accept, without necessarily feeling threatened, that advertising does influence which brands they choose, especially when it does not matter to them personally which brands they choose. Indirect costs will involve personal and administration costs. Usually, it takes 25% of the budget ($31,75M for Dell). The appropriate media for the selected strategies and budget will be TV, press and the Internet. The main advantage of TV and commercials is that moving color pictures of actual scenes, people and products have a realism which his not possible via other media. Any effort is necessary for a viewer to absorb television advertising. Commercials will help to reach wide target audience and inform potential buyers about the new product. A television advertisement can be timed to the hour, day, week or program. The advertisement can be repeated every few hours, daily, weekly, etc. A special attention should be given to TV ads. One of the seductive attractions of 15-second commercials is that advertisers can get more repeat exposure for the same ad budget than they can with a 30-second ad (Evans et al, 2004). Press is another powerful medium for a new product. This media is cost-effective where offering has broad appeal. It can create an impact and be persuasive. It allows m
Introduction The difference between a successful business investment and an ordinary one depends on how their managers develop and execute their operation designs (Schroeder and Goldstein 2010). There is the need for aligning all the aspects of an organization with the needs of its customers to ensure an investor gets reasonable returns on his capital. This discussion presents various operation management issues at the Portland Plant. Operations Design, Planning and Control The operational management crisis facing this company stems from its design and functions that are assigned to different departments. Nobody is responsible for poor quality produced in various occasions. This explains why Hewlett Packard played the role of checking the quality of this company’s products. The existing quality assurance department was ornamental and its role has been to inspect the company’s products instead of testing its features (Slack, Chambers and Johnston 2009). The Quality Manager of this plant Admits that nobody cared to look beyond the data presented to the production meeting. In addition, the department was neither used to nor prepared to manage a crisis and when this one occurred it was not prepared to control it. Paper curling became a serious problem in the company’s ink jet products, but this did not arouse the need for immediate action by the company (Slack, Chambers and Johnston 2009). In addition, it approaches its problems from the customer’s point of view; therefore, it concentrated on satisfying the needs of one customer and ignored the importance of improving the quality of its products for other clients. This explains why the plant made losses of about $1 million in 1998 even though HP regarded its products as acceptable (Slack, Chambers and Johnston 2009). Moreover, the plant took a wrong approach in managing the problems witnessed in 1998. It registered poor quality in productivity, scrap and re-work and instead of focusing on improving these issues it shifted its attention to increasing productivity. Tom Bickford admits that there was no discipline in making changes and real concepts were ignored by the plant; therefore, the company worsened its problems by ignoring the need to meet customers’ demand and concentrating on product specifications (Slack, Chambers and Johnston 2009). As a result, jumbo rolls were thrown away as