ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial affected his scholarly work in many ways, having been born in an extra-marital relationship. He was born at a time when extra marital sex was not allowed in society in Europe. Erikson is the father of identity formation theory. He admired the postulations of psychosexual theory and went ahead to develop his own theory that was more accepted in society. He extended Freud’s analysis in four major ways. He increased our understanding on the ego by showing that the ego is a creative problem solve, which emerges out of genetic, cultural and historical contexts. Furthermore, the scholar elaborated Freud’s five stages of psychosexual theory by giving it a social dimension, which was only implied in Freud’s theory but was never clearly stated. Furthermore, he extended the concept of human personality development to embrace the entire life span from infancy to old age. Finally, he explored the impact of culture, society and history on personality development. Each of the developmental stages has a name, which is referred to as task. The stages of development are based on emotional polarity, which he referred to as conflict. An individual encounters conflicts in each developmental stage. Emotional polarity is usually symbolized by two terms. Each of the terms explains the expected achievement in every stage. Optimal time is presented in a way that each stage occurs in an individual’s life. If the individual develops too much emotional tasks, then he or she is likely to experience negative tasks. This condition is referred to as malignancy. The outcome of each stage can result to malignancy, mal-adaption or balance. If an individual strikes a good balance, then a virtue or psychosexual strength emerges. According to Erikson, there are eight stages of human development. The first stage is infancy or oral sensory stage. The optimal time is 0-12 months. Emotional polarity is oral sensory. The task is trust vs. mistrust. For the child, the duty is to develop hope without eradicating the capability of doubt. If an individual develops too much trust, then he or she develops a sensory malfunction. Such individuals are easily convinced since they believe that no one will harm them. If the individual develops mistrust, he or she develops a malignant tendency referred to as withdrawal. Such individuals develop depression, psychosis and paranoia in adulthood. If proper balance is achieved between trust and mistrust, then the individual develops a virtue referred to as hope. The second stage is anal muscular or early childhood. The duty in this period is to develop a degree of self-sufficiency while minimizing indignity and uncertainty. The child should learn to take control of anal related behavior. The child can develop either independence or shame. Mal-adaptive tendency
The main principle for me is non-maleficence that refers to doing no harm to whoever is around; this includes certain levels of empathy, exclusion of any kinds of workplace abuse which estimate the major part of workplace misconduct (Johnstone 31; Millage 7). Besides, ethical leadership based on leadership virtues is another important aspect of business ownership. I agree with Fehr, Yam and Dang about the association of a leader with the example of morality, responsibility and demonstration of how to follow their own ethical rules (183). Ethical leadership for me is based on such virtues as justice and fidelity which are normally perceived as a part of a leader’s moral identity (Mayer, Aquino, Greenbaum and Kuenzi 152). I believe that non-maleficence is the virtue that provides beneficence in the long run since sooner or later all the competitors of a business will be accused of certain vicious behaviors and this is when the emphasis of non-maleficence as a basis of the corporate strategy is going to win the customers. As for justice and fidelity, they are excellent for attraction and retention of the new employees since justice is the foundation of fair wages and fidelity and the key to generosity of the employers when it comes to the feedback for the high-performing workers. The most loyal ones will be rewarded which provides reciprocity between leadership and the employees and in turn addresses such issues as depersonalization and lack of recognition. Works Cited Fehr, Ryan, Kai Chi Yam and Carolyn Dang. “Moralized Leadership: The Construction and Consequences of Ethical Leader Perceptions.” Academy of Management Review , 40. 2 (2015): 182-209. Print. Johnstone, Megan-Jane. “Workplace Ethics and Respect for Colleagues.” Australian Nursing Journal , 20. 2 (2012): 31. Print. Mayer, David, M., Karl Aquino, Rebecca Greenbaum and Maribeth Kuenzi. “Who Displays Ethical Leadership, and Why Does It Matter? An Examination of Antecedents and Consequences of Ethical Leadership .” Academy of Management Journal , 55. 1(2012): 151-171. Print. McGee, Robert. W. “Analyzing Insider Trading from the Perspectives of Utilitarian Ethics and Rights Theory.” Journal of Business Ethics , 91. 1 (2010): 65-82. Print. Millage, Anne. “Ethics and the Workplace.” Internal Auditor, 69. 6 (2012): 7. Print. Segon, Michael, and Chris Booth. “Virtue: The Missing Ethics Element in EmotionalIntelligence.” Journal of Business Ethics, 128. 4 (2015): 789-802. Print.
Introduction As part of this assignment, the group members conducted an interview at Sakamoto Cables Incorporation to come up with different management strategies carried out at the company. The members of the group interviewed human resources manager to identify and capture management aspects used in the daily activities. The human resources manager of the company was chosen because he was the only senior personnel who could respond our questions. The interview took place on September 30, 2010; 11.00 am at the human resources manager’s office. Sakamoto Cables is a company that deals with railway transport and is located in Japan. There are several employees employed at the railway station and this requires a comprehensive management of human resources. The railway industry has become importance especially as governments seek strategies to decongest major cities. To enhance successful management of companies in this industry requires managers to understand their employees and customers. Findings from the interview After conducting an interview on the manager, the group recorded that the manager plans his workday depending on the situation; that is according to the number of staff, the chores / stocks available and the time scheduled for each activity. The manager plans 5-6 years in future for his job roles. To plan for his career, the manager said that he keeps in contact with wholesalers, companies and clients. In addition, he said that he does not need to think about his career in the future. The task of performing upland deliveries was identified as the factor that makes his job difficult to achieve goals. On the other hand, the manager was of the opinion that storage of stock makes his job difficult since at the company everything comes together and he is required to work extra hard. The manager motivates his subordinates by being nice, listening to them, being compassionate and talking to them pleasantly by using a mature approach. However, he exercises authority when addressing his subordinates. There is no specific set style of managing employees. In addition, the manager allows employees to take their holidays as a way of motivating them. To undertake the task of leading others, the manager allows subordinates provide their opinions, he delegates tasks, there is no specific set of organization for performing jobs, and he centralizes decisions. The manager sees his boss as a mentor. On the other hand, young workers look up to the manager as a mentor and he delegates work without bias as a way of ment
Introduction There are seepage problems which are found in the application of the civil engineering. The nonlinear numbering systems can be useful in finding the free-surface which provides a hindrance to the flow boundaries. This can incorporate the finite difference method that has an adaptive mesh. The Extended Pressure method is among the very efficient systems. This has been used in many free-surface seepage problems and also the numerical solution has been used. In engineering, the numerical solutions are not commonly used. The reason being, they need complicated ways of deriving and implementing them. Currently there is another approach to finite difference where spreadsheets are used in the calculation of the seepage which is not confined (Bardet 1997). Measures of seepage control Seepage water can cause a lot of damage unless it is controlled. The major reason of using a dam foundation to control seepage water is to avoid the materials of the foundation being washed away causing the destruction of the soil structure. Seepage is also controlled to avoid uplift pressures of the foundation. There are some benefits to the stilling basin slab when the filters are put under a dam to cut off the extra uplift pressure (Friedmann 1982). In foundation seepage, there are the problems of rock, soil and the pile foundations. This causes the damage of the foundation material. To avoid this, seepage control is done by site-specific method of the cut-off. Can be slurry cut-offs or the impervious cut-offs (Cryer 1970). In abutment seepage, to avoid the bypass of the dam by the stream and to avoid the falling of the bank, the abutments should be made into a strong bank tie-in structure or the cut-offs and the slopes of the bank should be very well taken care of through adequate protection. Seepage analysis is very important. This is essential in finding out the effect of seepage. The rock of the concrete gravity dams foundation should be drained this is essential for the defective and the formation of sound. A good program for grouting will control seepage and also expose the weaknesses in the foundation which are not identified hence improving the defects which are present. Such a good program will provide safety measures (Westbrook 1985). The most used design of grout is where one line of grout holes is placed on the upstream dam’s side. Another line of holes which is parallel to the upstream one is placed downstream. A series of holes will be then drilled on the gallery if it is provided. Control grouting pressure in order to prevent the rock lifting and splitting of the rock. When there is a presence of the stilling basin on the rock, make some drain holes with some system for discharge at the foundation edge for pressure relief. The cut-offs will avoid the piping which occurs on the material of the foundation caused by the pressure of the seepage. Make sure an underneath drainage system is established to aid in the relief of the pressure (Varga 1963). The trenches are made from the ground lev
Introduction The debate on whether language acquisition is mainly determined by innate predispositions or environmental factors has been of interest to many researchers for decades now. Various schools of thoughts have emerged over the years in an attempt to explain how human beings acquire their language. In all these, a major concern has been to comprehensively understand how the language abilities are picked up by very young children after only inputting little efforts towards acquiring the language under normal circumstances (Harley, 2004). The capacity to speak and be able to communicate with others has always been carried with a lot of importance especially in the contemporary world, yet controversy continues to persist regarding how this important component of life is acquired. It is, therefore, the purpose of this paper to critically discuss the available evidence supporting innate and learning approaches to language acquisition, and their potential criticisms Language acquisition can be described as the process by which individuals attain the ability and competence to perceive, generate and employ words to comprehend and communicate (Harley, 2004). This unique ability entails acquiring varied capacities, including a wide-ranging vocabulary, grammar, semantics, and phonetics. The capacity to acquire and use these components in our daily communications is a fundamental feature that differentiates human beings from other closely linked primates and other animals. According to Guasti (2004), the fact that animals have a wide range of communication channels to use cannot be denied, but this forms cannot be in any way qualify to be called languages since they have an inadequate variety of non-syntactically prearranged vocabulary which lacks in consistence and cross-cultural variation. This not withstanding, it still amazes many how humans, especially infants, are able to acquire language faculties with much ease. Behrens (2009) posits that “…there must be a genetic component in this capacity because every … child is able to learn language, and there must be an environmental component because no one is born with a specific language” (p. 383). Arguments for Innate Acquisition of Language The approach that language is acquired through innate predispositions is viewed as largely traditional, with many of its proponents arguing that the mechanisms involved in are predetermined by biological and evolutionary endowments rather
The case of the 45-year-old woman is a complicated situation since the newly acquired symptoms also correspond to the presence of COPD. Moreover, the complexity is added by the emergence of a variety of factors influencing the patient’s quality of life. They suggest that the worsening of her condition is connected not to one but several body systems (McCance & Huether, 2019). In this case, it is vital to consider cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathological processes since they are connected to the causes of the patient’s condition. Their assessment should be complemented by the inclusion of other factors such as, for example, race and ethnicity that can affect the risks for the woman. Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Processes The first step towards making a correct diagnosis is the consideration of cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiological processes. It is essential for obtaining the full picture of the patient’s overall state and analyzing the changes. Since she experiences shortness of breath and an unusual cough in the first place, the examination should start with the cardiovascular system, which is intertwined with COPD. In this situation, it is likely that the patient is at risk of heart failure resulting from low oxygen levels and the consequent rise in blood pressure (McCance & Cunningham, 2019). Other processes are related to the cardiopulmonary system, and they include increased pressure in it leading to lung hyperinflation (Brashers, 2019b). In this way, blood and cardiopulmonary pressures are the processes corresponding to the patient’s condition. Racial/Ethnic Variables The woman’s physiological functioning can be affected by various factors not related to her state. They can be considered by the systems in order to demonstrate the impact of each of them on the problem. Since the primary health issue is COPD, it is vital to pay attention to the possibility of complications related to cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pa
Guidici v. Guidici, 41 P.2d 932 (Cal. 1935) Facts The plaintiff was sixty years of age at the date of the execution of the said deed, and that he owned and resided upon a farm near Loyalton, Sierra County. He had purchased the farm in 1913, paying, therefore, the sum of $16,000. He owned no other property, except a small amount of stock maintained on his farm at the date he executed said deed, and said real property was the sole source of his livelihood and sole means whereby he contributed to the support of his three children. On the day the deed was executed, the plaintiff was driven in an automobile from his farm to Reno, Nevada for the purpose of the plaintiff and defendant being married in said city. On arriving at Reno, and after considerable delay, the four persons met in the office of a lawyer for the purpose of having said deed prepared and executed. They found, however, that they had no description of the property to be conveyed. The lawyer suggested that they get married and have the deed executed later. The defendant objected and refused to go on with the marriage ceremony until the deed was given. The party then returned to the plaintiff’s home for the purpose of getting a correct description of his land. The deed was dated November 12, 1930. This action was begun on February 14, 1931, soon after the plaintiff’s discharge from the hospital. The plaintiff testified that he had been drinking excessively for ten days to two weeks prior to the date of said deed, and that he was so under the influence of intoxicating liquor that he had no recollection whatever of any of the occurrences which transpired on the trip to Reno, and no remembrance of signing or delivering said deed, or even of getting married to the defendant. That the plaintiff had indulged excessively in intoxicating liquor for some two weeks immediately prior to the date of the said deed is borne out by a number of witnesses. Issue (law issue) Plaintiff wants cancellation of deed because he said at the time of deed execution he was intoxicated due to heavy drinking and was not in his senses and was not aware of what he was doing. “This action was established by the plaintiff to terminate and set aside a deed to certain real property situated in Sierra County, executed by him in favor of the defendant, on the ground, as alleged in the complaint, ‘that at the time of the making of said deed the plaintiff, due to his age and due to the fact of his protracted and excessive drinking of alcoholic liquors… was entirely incapable of understanding his act in the execution of said deed, and was possessed of a great weakness of mind and was subject to the imposition and undue influence of defendant’. The court found this allegation of the complaint true, and further found that there was no consideration for the execution of said deed, and rendered judgment setting aside and canceling said deed. From this judgment the defendant has appealed, and in support of her appeal contends that the evidence is insufficient to support the findings of the trial court.” Rule Cancellation of instruments (Deeds, consideration, marriage) by
Introduction This essay considers arguments by Debra Leach in her article “Drunken Driving”. The debate on the acceptable level of alcoholic content that a driver should take has been an intriguing one in the past decades. In most countries, the governments have imposed restriction on the amount of alcohol that an individual can consume and still be allowed to drive. The restriction is aimed at reducing the exacerbating road carnage that has been claiming thousands lives each year. Due to the high death rates, most states in the US have restricted the amount of alcohol drivers should consume to 0.08 BAC. This limit surpass the set limit the victim is liable for heft penalty. However, antagonists of belief have been quick to nullify imposition of tough penalties on drunk drivers as well as restricting the amount of alcohol a driver should take and drive. Since the topic has attracted diverse opinion, this essay attempts to evaluate the arguments of both sides of the divide. Argument for Tough Drinking Laws Following the steady increase in drunken driving associated accidents, Christie Wright- the then New Jersey Governor, imposed strict penalties for drunken driving in her state. She helped to enforce the “Teri’s Law”, which stipulated the legal amount of alcohol a driver should taken and be allowed to drive. The law set 0.08 Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) and any excess intake would attract penalties such as imprisonment, fines or even confiscation of the driving license. Her decision was supported by the traffic police reports that asserted that up to 55.3 percent of all the accidents that were experienced in the previous decade originated from drivers under alcohol influence. Further field, similar decisions have been adopted by authorities to restrict drunk drivers from taking to the roads. The penalty that have been imposed in different countries, some have imposed the maximum amount of alcohol one can consume while other have opted to confiscated victims driving Licenses. Imposition of Teri’s Law has resulted to a drastic reduction in the road accidents. The traffic report has revealed that up to 7000 people have been saved from road carnage in the previous decade. Regulating alcohol consumption does not only help drivers decision making but also it helps their visibility. It has also been understood that drunk drivers are often victim of losing their control as their vision is impaired by the alcohol content beyond the 0.08 level. Investigation done by the police on exact of the death that claimed 3 people revealed that the driver had more than twice the amount of alcohol thereby exceeding the legal intake. The report revealed that the vehicle was over speeding and as a result, the driver lost control. Most of the road accidents are of similar nature and the loss of people can be mitigated by imposing the rule. The adoption of strict driving penalties has not only helped reduce the amount of accidents but also it has promoted morally accepted be
Introduction This paper is a critique of the article by Lipp and Lusardi (2013), which is titled, “Systematic Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy” (PEG). The review was aimed at finding out whether peristomal infections would reduce if antimicrobials were administered systemically before PEG tube insertion. Lipp and Lusardi (2013) explained the PEG as a procedure that would help in the provision of nutritional elements for a short or long period. The system uses a sterile feeding tube that delivers medication or food in a liquid. The tube is normally introduced surgically via the anterior abdominal wall (Blomberg, Lagergren, Martin, Mattsson, & Lagergren, 2010). This definition is ideal in the introductory part, as it allows the audience to comprehend the topic that the article discusses. The definition is also given in simple terminology that is easily understood by anyone, whether in the medical profession or not. Justification of the Study The authors cited several reasons as the basis for their review. The first reason they provided was that patients undergoing PEG are at risk of contracting various infections. The risk is exacerbated by various factors, such as immunosuppression, age, a primary infection, such as diabetes mellitus or malignancy, or compromised state of food intake (Guarner-Argente et al. 2011). Furthermore, the authors described that the rising incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has also heightened the risk of the surgical procedure and the discussions about the use of antibiotics during PEG tube placement (Diehl, Cheruvattath, Facktor, & Go, 2010). These reasons were sufficient enough to justify the review. Furthermore, the authors correctly indicate that there are no up-to-date reports or guidelines on the actual concentration of an antimicrobial agent that can be used to prevent infections during the tube placement procedure (Coelho-Prabhu et al. 2013). The authors finally describe the main objective of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis as the determination of a bactericidal concentration of an appropriate antimicrobial agent that can be used to protect a patient from potential peritoneal infections that may arise primarily due to the surgical procedure. These reasons, together with the definitions provided, are a sure and ideal basis for conducting the study. The reasons also help the audience to clearly understand the objective of the study. Relevance to Nursing Practice The results of this review have an impact on nursing practice, both in the research and clinical aspects. Nurses are the primary health professionals charged with the responsibility of taking care of patients. Since nurses must ensure patients achieve the desired clinical outcome quickly, it is only proper that mechanisms that can prevent the onset of other medical conditio