ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Reflective practices are useful tools for monitoring progress, identifying strengths, addressing shortcomings, and obtaining a new perspective on a well-known issue. The following paper is a reflective summary of four-week journaling of emotional and cognitive experiences documented on a three-hour basis. Its main objectives are improving reflective abilities, applying the results of self-observation to OD practices, and providing a better understanding of the concept of an organizational feeling. After reviewing entries in my journal, I was able to identify four main recurring issues. First, it turned out that when approaching most tasks, I often ended up tangled in details. This was especially evident while working on large-scale projects, but could also be traced in smaller instances. The obvious result of such a shift in perspective was the loss of direction, compromised pace, and deviation from the initial goal. Simply put, I gradually became focused on the unnecessary level of complexity, spent more time on individual irrelevant objectives that could be handled in one overarching move (or ignored in some cases), and lagged behind the deadline at least twice. Most importantly, the two feelings I can ascribe to that effect were the unjustified satisfaction from pursuing irrelevant milestones followed by anxiety and confusion upon comprehending the futility of effort and disproportionately massive resources allocated for its completion. I would say that this effect can be observed within the organization before the intervention as well as in OD practices. The former occurs when employees lack coherent guidance and leadership and lead to setbacks in performance and the deterioration of understanding and trust between the management and the employees. I would say this possibility must be acknowledged whenever similar issues are reported by the customer requesting an OD intervention. The latter can be observed in the process of the intervention and may create setbacks similar to those described above. I should also add that there is an additional risk of late identification since the issue may not be apparent in the early stages. The second thing I was able to identify was the tendency to get overwhelmed with the feelings of others. This phenomenon is connected to the previous one as I was able to observe it when working out through the details of the project. The more information I obtained regarding the feelings and emotions of the participants, the more I started empathizing with them. While empathy is certainly a necessary component of the negotiation and may provide useful insights, it must be controlled to ensure it does not get out of hand. In my case, I eventually found myself feeling the very anxiety and annoyance I was briefed on. While I cannot come up with a similar organizational feeling, I want to point out that such an issue is a common mistake of an OD practitioner in the field. Empathy is a useful tool for gaining an inside view of the state of the organization, but it must be approached with caution since the received emotions can be easily confused with personal feelings of t
Introduction Nanoparticles have found and occupied a special niche in the modern world of production and consumption as a result of the diverse special properties they have. These microparticles have been incorporated in the production of agricultural, industrial, consumer, health and medical products, among others. The production and the subsequent usage of these nano-materials follow the consideration of their special properties in which chemical properties are of major concern. There are distinctive properties which make such materials widely utilized; though they are important for the use in the various fields of production, these may not necessarily have similar positive impacts on the environment. The effects and significance of nanoparticles, however, depend on their nature. The impact of a metal-containing nanoparticle differs quite greatly from those effects exhibited by carbon-based micro-particles. Silver nanoparticle belongs to the category of metal-containing nanoparticles, which are a group of particles that is believed to have higher penetration to the environment. The high level of entry into the environment results from the use of dispersive techniques in its application (Ju-Nam and Lead 399). Transformations Silver nanoparticles like many other types of nanoparticles are changed in the environment. The changes which occur in microscopic material are determined by several factors, including the nature of surface of the particle and the environmental compositions under which the particle is put in. Despite of the nature of changes, they all occur through the transformation of the silver metallic part, which reacts either with the organic or inorganic substances or ligands. The different ligands have diverse transformation effects relating to the nanoparticle’s physical, chemical and toxicological properties (Nowack and Bucheli 7). Transformation effects on ph2ysical and chemical stability Electrostatic technique is one of the methods through which silver nanoparticles are transformed. During this process, hydrogen atoms are used to react with the particles forming a ligand with a hydrogen nanoparticle. Another material which is commonly involved in the electrostatic transformation is citrate, but this is not available in the environment. There are also those nanoparticles which are produced with a coated substance by the use of steric method. Finally, si
Written between the autumn of 1901 and February 1902 the pamphlet, “What is to be done?” by V. I. Lenin was first published in Iskra, No. 4 (May 1901), Lenin said that the article represented “a skeleton plan to be developed in greater detail in a pamphlet now in preparation for print”. It was published as a separate work in March 1902. “What is to be done?” is a practical, revolutionary guide designed as a blueprint to be applied to the Russian situation in 1902 (Barfield, 1971, 45-56). It is a detailed review of the dispute over Economism and a detailed account of Lenin’s views on trade unions. He attacks Economism. Lenin’s “What is to be done?” has been seen as the founding document of a ‘party of a new type’ (Lih, 2005, 387). It was a step that aimed at bringing together the fragmented Russian Social-Democratic groups and circles into a modern centralized party with a central organ (Draper, 2001, 1). At the time, he thought, this was the great next step that had to be taken; it was “what is to be done”. It is perceived in two different ways: a model of ‘vanguard party’ that was the essence of Bolshevism or a manifestation of Lenin’s elitist and manipulatory attitude towards the workers. Hypothesis: Lenin’s “What is to be done?” maybe interpreted as the elaboration of Lenin’s proposals to provide a deep insight into the necessary requisites for a revolution, or his deep contempt for the working classes. In What Is To Be Done? Lenin stresses the importance of revolutionary theo
How the Life of Emiratis Has Been Transformed under Sheikh Mohammed Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the emir of Dubai, has transformed this coastal town into one of the top cities globally. As shown in the case, the interest in transforming the socio-economics of this city started long before he assumed his current role as the leader of this city. Soon after his graduation, he started developing interests in the business. He noticed that this coastal town was strategically located along important sea routes. As such, he knew that promoting the use of its harbor by regional and international companies would benefit his people. When he assumed power, his primary agenda was to reduce the reliance of the city on the revenues from the oil and gas industry. This leader acknowledged the importance of the petroleum industry in boosting the country’s economic growth. However, he was concerned that over-relying on this economy would pose a serious economic threat to the country. It would mean that whenever there is a significant drop in international oil prices, the economy would be affected directly. He was also concerned that the country’s natural oil reserves would run dry after a few decades. It was necessary to diversify the economy. One of the most important steps that Sheikh Mohammed took was to revamp the country’s transport infrastructure. When he took power, movement in the country was hampered by a weak transport system. He initiated one of the greatest infrastructural developments that have ever been witnessed in modern history. Within his first decade in power, Dubai had the best transport system in the region. The metro system in the city is one of the most efficient in the world
The significance of creativity seems to have been underrated greatly in modern education, which has led to people’s inability to tackle complicated assignments: “decisions-makers routinely reject creative ideas even when espousing creativity as an important goal” (Mueller, Melwani and Goncalo 16). Being confused when facing any situation that in one way or another differs from a traditional one, people fail to handle emerging problems, which has led to considerable deterioration of the state economy and finances. Because of the recent issues regarding the solution of non-standard economical and financial tasks, the need to spur creativity in people has emerged, which can be solved by teaching creativity in schools; however, the given solution demands that the current educational system should be bent, which may result in students’ performance deterioration. Though creativity is not something to be taught, it still allows for approaching problems in a new and innovative way. In that sense, the statement concerning the need to restructure the current educational setting with a distinct focus on creativity gains more significance and reasonability: “We need to rebuild our educational system from the ground up – and on the principles of creativity and creative economy” (Florida 391). Indeed, by boosting the students’ creativity, one can expect a number of positive outcomes. To start with, the To start with, the students will be provided with motivation for studying, since the concept of creativity in learning will appeal to their unique goals and aspirations. Thus, it will be possible to reinvent the process of studying, making it less grades focused and with more emphasis put onto the process of knowledge acquisition and training of the recently learned skills. However, by far the most important effect of introducing the principles of creativity into schools concerns the concept of lifelong learning, which students will be able to pursue once their motivation is boosted by the opportunity to create: “We should use the creative minds – ideas, imagination and innovation – even in the absence of external pressure” (Sahlberg 54). The given idea looks quite inspiring as a concept; its implementation, however, will most likely spur a number of questions, to answer which, one will have to
Introduction There has always been a globally recognized debate on the differences in education quality between private and public school institutions. Majority of the relevant arguments have generally supported the idea that private education tends to produce better graduates in any education level be it elementary, high school or tertiary levels. Public schools are supported by the government while private institutions are owned and run by independent investors who may be individuals or organization. In the UAE, there were 131 private schools during the year 2010. The literacy of UAE falls at 91 percent (Library of Congress, 2007). However, the distribution of private and public schools is quite different to that in other countries of the world such as the U.S. According to our collected data the number of public institutions almost equals the number of private institutions. Public schooling is free for all enrolling students in the UAE. This has hence provided a leveled out system that maintains the literacy level of UAE residents at a reasonably high level. Subject choice The subject choice of this report is education and it
Introduction Drugs have been known to humanity for many years, but at the same time, not only adults resorted to pleasure through illegal substances. Drug abuse and dependence on medication remains a severe problem for the adolescent segment of the population. Nevertheless, many families are convinced that this threat does not extend to their children and continues to ignore the qualitative change in the teenager’s lifestyle, appearance, and social circle. Scientific research shows that the development factors for adolescent drug abuse are not limited to a set of three to five causes, but are usually linked to the integration of destructive environmental conditions. This research essay is aimed at discussing the causes underlying teenage drug addiction. Reasons for Adolescent Addiction There is a grave misconception among parents that if they do not tell their child about drugs as early as possible, they will ignore them in the future because they will remain unaware. In fact, this situation is not uncommon, and it is the lack of information from adults that often causes the first experience of drug use. On the other hand, adolescents often turn to psychoactive drugs in order to get relaxation, pleasure, and a state of euphoria: 46.4% of the adolescents in the sample offered to them had a history of drug use (22). This result makes it possible to understand how serious the problem of teenage drug addiction is. In general, it is worth pointing out that the pathological state’s general development includes three categories — biological, social, and psychological. The biological factors include hereditary peculiarities of neurotransmitter exchange in the brain, which contribute to rapid addiction and rapid formation of attraction. At the same time, a considerable layer of factors is connected with the psychological features of the teenager’s personality. Davila and Jonathan are convinced that child abuse, domestic violence, is becoming a severe reason for a child to develop a drug use culture (1). While some researchers emphasize social factors, others conclude that statistical regularities are depending on gender, ethnicity, and culture (McCuish 448). Moreover, Spooner points out that there is no one-size-fits-all approach t
Introduction Available literature demonstrates that sexual harassment is a widespread and incorrigible problem among women in institutions of higher learning, though men are also sexually harassed and assaulted (Krebs, Lindquist, Warner, Fisher, & Martin, 2009). These authors report that sexual assault and harassment of college women require closer scrutiny, as between 20 percent and 25 percent of women studying in these institutions are raped during the course of their college life, and between 2 percent and 3 percent of college women experience forcible rape in the course of an academic year. The present paper attempts to review and synthesize relevant literature on the social dynamics of sexual assault and harassment. A number of studies have been conducted to illuminate the reasons why sexual assault and harassment among college women are on the increase, with several of them categorizing the reasons under three main groups namely developmental and socialization dynamics, beliefs and personality factors, and situational characteristics (e.g., Jozkowski, Peterson, Sanders, Dennis, & Reece, 2014; Krebs et al., 2009; Warkentin & Gidycz, 2007). The present paper will utilize these categorizations or perspectives in comparing and contrasting available literature on the topic of sexual assault and harassment. Although the studies reviewed were conducted to answer various gaps in the sexual assault and harassment literature, the focus of this review will be on college women. Literature Review and Synthesis Developmental and Socialization Factors According to Warkentin and Gidycz (2007), “developmental and socialization factors encompass such areas as membership in an all-male group and d
The theme of education and knowledge is not new in the society. It is significant and relevant to better realization of nation’s ability to think and analyze things better and faster. Man’s mind is a complex of difficult processes which maintain people’s activities throughout life. The reason is that human beings ought to invoke common sense every now and then. The mechanisms of better making out are to be implemented and widely used in the educational establishments. This is a biggest treasure for a man not to be silly. Thus, it is important to be put into the picture about mind processes and habits which should be uncovered for further use. An ancient idea of mind power developing by a number of methods and treatments was of huge interest among the outstanding philosophers, namely, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. It stated that if the mind was trained in a right way, it “would turn toward virtue.”(Encyclopedia 15160) In accordance with Costa and Callick “intelligence is not simply linked to test scores and academic ability, but recognition is given to the role of non-academic, social-emotional factors in explaining intelligence.( Costa and Callick 4) This idea embodied a fast and effective acceptance of several techniques in educational process. What is the power of mind actually? What approaches should be made to reach the reality and realization of such means providing students with facilitated educational process in terms of urgent needs in brains within the era of high technologies? The philosophy of mind creates a wide picture of the development of a man’s reasoning and outlook on the nature and main aspects of mind. Plato and Aristotle, from whom the philosophy of mind inherits much of its ontology and many of its questions, constructed it at the service of normative epistemology and normative political theory. Plato’s analysis of the structure of the mind was designed to establish the possibility of a self-corrective rationality, in principle empowered to form and direct desires and passions. It was in the interest of such an epistemology that Plato attempted to distinguish rational knowledge from mystical insight and technical activity.( Amélie Oksenberg Rorty 1-2) The sensory perception is a tool that helps people realize the diversity of the environment, events, things and world on the whole. With accumulating the information from all resources there is a current need in saving data in your mind. It is better to say that one should place the information in short-term memory and then replace it by means of definite techniques in possibly huge “deposits” of long-term memory. The process undergoes several stages. Among them are: getting, realizing and saving data. First one is acceptable and actually does not need special outlook, but the second and the third stages are to be mentioned and emphasized in terms of the closer working out the methods of better acquirement. “Habits of Mind such as Applying Past Knowledge to New Situations, Gathering Data through all Senses and Thinkin
Introduction The two perspectives of psychology namely structuralism and functionalism are mentalisms which means that the mind is the main issue of every study. On the other hand behaviorism is a theme that suggests that behavior can be explained without necessary referring to the mental activities (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). The three are therefore different in how the mind is viewed. In this paper, both similarities and differences of the three perspectives of psychology will be considered. Both functionalism and structuralism are similar in that they explore the human mind and consider the conscious self. Structuralism Structuralism was the first major school of thought in psychology which was founded by Wilhelm Wundt. It focused on the elements of consciousness and broke down mental processes into basic components. “In Wudnt’s view, the mind had the power to organize mental elements voluntarily” (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). Structuralism relied on introspection which had a basic flaw and was the reason why structuralism died in psychology. Behaviorists also criticized structuralism claiming that the theory dealt with internal behavior. They argued that it was non-observable element and could not be measured accurately. Functionalism Functionalism was formed as a reaction to structuralism by William James and influences from evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Like structuralism, it was concerned with how the mind functions and therefore followed the basic element of introspection. Functionalism studied the mind as buildup of processes and functions that led to practical consequences in the real world (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). In most cases, it emphasized on individual differences which had a great impact in academic arena. However, just like structuralism, functionalism had many disbelievers. This is because it lacked clear definition, and thus led to introduction of behaviorism. Behaviorism Behaviorism dealt with “observable behavioral acts that could be described in objective terms” (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). It
The 5 essential elements of Canadian Public Relations The 5 essential elements of Canadian Public Relations can be summarized as building mutually beneficial relationships between clients and the general public, targeting specific trends and developments that occur within society now as well as developing the means and methods by which a specific message can be conveyed. Lastly, it also happens to encompass the implementation of moral and ethical methods in the disbursement of select forms of information, as well as ensuring the accuracy of the information presented when it comes to creating information campaigns. How is Public Relations related to Relationship Management Functions? The field of public relations is a form of relationship management that encompasses what the general public perceives about a corporation, organization or public figure. The functions within this specific field of study can make or break a particular person or corporation since it has been noted that the perception of the general public towards a particular entity can result in a either a positive or negative response which creates success or failure within the public domain. Is Public Relations Management a Profession? Public relations management can be considered a profession since it encapsulates a wide body of academic literature and a series of services that are currently in demand within numerous sectors of society. Those who dwell in the public spotlight, whether it be a corporation, charity group, nongovernmental organization or someone of notable public acclaim, need to take into consideration how the public views them since the opinion of the general public can make or break a person’s popularity or a company’s reputation. This is where the profession of a public relations specialist enters into the picture. Through the utilization of image centric strategies and functions, a public relations specialist can in effect create a specific image or idea that the general public connects with a particular company or public figure. Examples of this can range from an individual being a champion of the environment to a corporation practicing operational procedures and display aspects related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). By doing so, this raises the reputation of an individual or corporation in the eyes of the general public resulting in a greater likelihood of product patronage or in the case of political figures re-election when their current term in office is over. “Fitting in” Within the World of Public Relations and Communications Management Social Media We have seen the rise of social media in the past few years create one of the most predominant forms of communication. On average, hundreds of millions of users of