Introduction The article seeks to synthesize the prevalence and accuracy of the diagnostic methods as well as the effectiveness of the available treatment methods for mild traumatic brain injury ( mTBI ) as well as posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ). According to the authors, the available literature does not focus on the possible co-occurrence of the two conditions (Carlson et al., 2011). There is a need to review the appropriate management in case a patient present with the two conditions given that war veterans from the Iraq and Afghanistan war are returning home exhibiting symptoms of the two conditions. The authors report that traumatic brain injury is common among soldiers as a result of falls and blasts. Carlson et al. (2011) states that researchers have argued that TBI and PTSD are mutually exclusive. Recent evidence has however indicated that persons with TBI may also develop PTSD whether from the same event or a different event altogether. The study seeks to find out the prevalence of TBI/PTSD and the variations in the prevalence based on the severity of TBI, as well as other related variables. The authors also seek to identify the accuracy of the methods that individually diagnose the two disorders separately and how effective the methods are when diagnosis case of concurrent cases (Carlson et al., 2011). Finally, the researchers seek to find out whether there are treatment methods for managing mTBI/PTSD and whether the methods have limitations. Procedures The authors searched databases to identify articles to be included in the review from PubMed , PsychINFO , REHABDATA , as well as Cochrane databases (Carlson et al., 2011). The search involved the use of terms that are related to TBI, as well as other variants of brain injury. Terms related to PTSD were also used and alongside other options that are related to combat disorders and their variants. From the process, the authors were able to identify studies including both TBI, as well as PTSD. To be more specific, the authors limited the search to articles published in English for the period beginning from January 1980 to June 2009. The authors also sort expert recommendations on which studies to include in the review as well as looking the references from the selected articles. The inclusion criteria for the articles involved operationalization traumatic brain injury to force to the head that leads to a history of confusion, disorientation as well as loss of consciousness. As a condition, the studies were only included in the review if the authors had assessed their subjects for TBI or had diagnosed TBI from the patient’s history. To examine any existing variations in the prevalence of PTSD based on TBI severity, the authors included studies that examined patients with all levels of TBI (Carlson et al., 2011). The authors operationalized PTSD to be in line with the symptoms described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) III or IV. The authors exclude case reports as well as articles whose total number of subjects included more than 10% of persons who were below eighteen years of age. Other studies that did not present results in a way that could address the questions of interest were excluded from the systematic review (Carlson et al., 2011). During the synthesis and data extraction process, the authors screened the articles so as to figure out which article was a