ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Fashion can be said to be as old as man himself. It may be appreciated in many ways such as the mode of dressing, walking, hairstyles, food, cars or even the places that we frequent be it for a snack, a drink or a main meal. Fashion keeps on changing as it comes as a euphoria which sweeps across a certain age group, class, race, religion, town et cetera for a time before being overtaken by events or another fashion trend. Fashion is so dynamic that to keep with fashion you have to be duly informed. However for women all they care about is making a statement by how they dress. The most common and accepted method of showing our allegiance to fashion is through dressing. One may wonder why we bother to wear clothes at all. Basically we wear clothes as society expects us to, heed workplace regulations, protect ourselves from adverse weather effects etc. Otherwise, the modern generation clothes differently for various reasons especially women. A few reasons why fashion is considered relevant are:   * It shows your thinking is modern and flexible.   * It has escapist qualities (for example you can wear anything in times of war).   * what one wears sends a strong message to other people about you Factors Affecting Fashion Trend for Women With the adoption of the word fashion, there came about the emergence of designers. These people have been dictating to women what to wear with each of them coming up with a unique type of dress which he/she claims to be the newest best thing ever to hit the market. With every woman wishing to be a niche above her counterparts when it comes to dressing, she is bound to pay a mind boggling amount of money for a piece of cloth that bears the tag of a famous designer. Mention famous designer names such as Christian Dior or Vasace in presence of fashion conscious women and see the reaction. Conventional dressing is, however, usually dictated by the prevailing weather, mood of the wearer or situations (for example, mourners tend to wear black at funerals). Somehow some of these designers have tried to incorporate such considerations, with some failing dismally. Some outfits being touted as fashion hits are absolutely outrageous and a very far cry from good taste and with no consideration of the wearers comfort. What we see in fashion shows are a pure exaggeration of what we see in the streets. By the time these outfit reach the stores, they have been edited so as to be realistic and more accommodating to the fashion moderates. These designers do so to grab the attention of the media and make a name for their own. Another aspect that determines how women dress is their bodies. Women who take pride in having long well shaped legs are to be seen strutting around in very short skirts. The unlucky ones, who have not so well shaped legs or are marked by scars, will always be seen in long flowing skirts or trousers. The men in a woman’s world also play a big role in determining what the woman wears. In accordance with nature, opposite sexes tend to seek attention from the other going to great lengths to impress the other. However, unlike the men, women invest more in their looks than
The shift in the demographic of contemporary social challenges the educational systems’ capacity to meet the educational needs of a diverse population within one teaching framework. Multiple theories and approaches are being implemented to address the requirements and needs of diverse populations of college students. However, cultural diversity often omits the needs of undocumented immigrants and their families, who face significantly more difficulties when pursuing education. In this regard, the mere application of the Critical Theory of Love would not suffice since students’ different backgrounds need to be incorporated into the educational approach to validate the experiences and worldviews inherent in each student’s life. Therefore, the introduction to the Funds of Knowledge theoretical framework as a substantial part of the guiding framework will allow for ensuring cultural sensitivity and the recognition of students’ unique backgrounds, thus providing them with needed support and encouraging a learning environment. Immigrant students are a growing population in the United States that fails to receive sensitive and competent support in terms of educational opportunities. According to Witenstein and Niese (2020), since the number of such students grows and their ethnic, racial, and cultural diversity intensifies, it is imperative to address the differences and use them for students’ benefits. Indeed, the scholars state that “it is critical to shift the focus toward privileging their acute and routine experiences in concert with their diverse knowledge on U.S. college campuses” (Witenstein & Niese, 2020, p. 2). This assumption is inherently connected with the experiences obtained by the immigrant students prior to entering college education, which validates the application of the theory of Funds of Knowledge. The theory of Funds of Knowledge is a relatively new approach that has shifted the direction of U.S. education toward diversification and cultural sensitivity. Being introduced several decades ago, this theory is commonly perceived as a basis for “sociocultural orientation in education that seeks to build strategically on the experiences, resources, and knowledge of families and children, especially those from low-income neighborhoods” (Kiyama & Rios-Aguilar, 2017, p. 1). However, when applied to the immigrant college population, the framework allows for attributing cultural diversity to the classroom benefits. Indeed, the benefits of this framework allow for justifying its application to outreach programs for college career centers since this concept has been effective in other educational settings. In particular, elementary schools significantly benefit from Funds of Knowledge use as the basis for home-school relationships improvement. The early
Introduction The definition of Machiavellian is generally considered to be any form of deception, manipulation, or cunning employed to get ahead in one’s business or gain leadership, originally applied to the royalty of Machiavelli’s time. The implications of the term today are widespread and can often be seen exhibited in the leaders we choose for our country. In examining the nature of scandals like the Enron travesty, we see that the nature of politics today is truly in keeping with the tenets of The Prince; leaders favor tactics such as the creation of a public façade and maintaining power through lies and manipulation over honor and respect for the people. Use of virtue Machiavelli’s use of virtue extends beyond the conventional association with purity and morality. Virtue in The Prince entails the qualities which a prince or heir must possess to achieve their princely goals. This distinction is important because it represents the very opposite of the definition we are used to. Virtue is key to a prince who seeks success monetarily and in war and is identified by the author as characteristic of an ambitious man who knows how to get what he wants and make the changes he wants. Going further, Machiavelli seems to define virtue as the ability to be completely self-centered, to better focus on one’s goals and not the plight of the people. He says that a true prince will be able to assume goodness only when it benefits him and to avoid it when it does not. “…It is necessary to a prince if he wants to maintain himself, to learn to be able not to
The numbers of hours worked by married women annually are diverse, depending on the women’s living situations which can be discussed as significant factors to influence the female supply in the labor market. As a result, it is important to examine the factors which can affect the female supply related to the labor force because of the observed changes in the labor market and in women’s choices associated with working activities. Today, the researchers refer to the number of factors important to be taken into consideration while discussing the percent of married women participating in the labor market. These factors include the women’s age, education, number of children and their age, the received wage, the family income, the wage received by the husband, and the participation of husbands in the household activities (Blau & Kahn 2005; Lee & Tae 2005). The report aims to answer the question about the most important factors to influence the number of hours worked by the married women annually with references to the sample of 753 married women where 428 are working women and with the help of operating the appropriate models and tests’ results. The women’s decisions to work as part-time or full-time employees depend on their living situations. Thus, many women are inclined to choose part-time or full-time jobs because of the family income factor in order to improve the economic situation in the family. In this case, the wage is discussed as the important factor to influence the number of hours worked annually (Neumark & Postlewaite 1998). However, the rates of women’s participation in the labor market can change significantly with references to the women’s age because this factor is closely associated with the aspect of having children (Omori & Smith 2010). If the family has one and more children who are younger than 6 years old, the possibility of the woman’s participation in the labor market decreases because of the necessity to take care for children. The situation changes when children become older because the fact of having 6-18 years old children influences the woman’ job choice insignificantly (Eckstein & Wolpin 1989; Taniguchi 1999). Those women who have children or the lack of expertise in their sphere are inclined to choose not to work and pay attention more to the household activities. Nevertheless, the situation when husbands participate actively in performing household tasks can affect the woman’s decision to find a part-time or full-time job. It is also important to note that the focus on the part-time or full-time job depends on the fact of having children (Knight, Harris, & Loundes 2002). In spite of the fact the general growth in working hours for women is not observed in the labor market, this situation can be discussed with references to the concrete situations. The increase in working hours is characteristic for women who have the higher education, high wages, an
Purpose of the Research and Research Questions This study relates to the field of human resource management and business management as its main hypotheses and findings are aimed at improving the performance of employees. All key information about the goals and results of the study is displayed in the abstract and gives a general understanding of the topic of work. The authors determine the purpose of this work as studying the factors that affect the transfer of training to work processes in the public sector (Quratulain, Khan, Sabharwal, & Javed, 2019). The goal is clearly identified and justified in the text of the article. Researchers highlight two research questions that determine the purpose and the main objects of the study. Firstly, the authors ask if there is the impact of training utility and self-efficacy perception on training implementation, and secondly, how perceived flexibility, supervisor support, and performance feedback affect on this process (Quratulain et al., 2019). The article contains a clear justification for the need to study these issues, and the statement of the main goals and research questions is consistent and logical. Scientists also identify gaps in the literature that interfere with making unambiguous conclusions on this topic. In addition, this issue is relevant, since the development of the public sector and its management must comply with the requirements of time and states. Theoretical Contributions This work has a theoretical application as it brings to the literature base and human resource management tools. The authors note that the results of their research expand the previous knowledge on the effectiveness of training transfer and specify the influence of the studied factors on it (Quratulain et al., 2019). Therefore, this article can be used to study employee training in other areas and its impact on performance. Research is significant as it fills in the gaps in the literature and can be useful in studying issues related to human resource management. Expected Managerial Outcomes The results of the study should shed light on the issue of the effectiveness of training for staff and their performance. The authors emphasize that their findings are useful for human resources professionals as they can use this data to improve training courses (Quratulain et al., 2019). In general, such an explanation of the research’s contribution is complete and logical; however, it is worth noting that findings can also benefit the private business if they are adapted. Theoretical Framework The authors of this study use several sociological and managerial theories to justify the factors affecting the training application. The work is based on the transfer model of Baldwin and Ford training, which the authors explain the need to study the working environment, the characteristics of the employees, and the structure of training (Quratulain et al., 2019). They also cite works and findings of various authors who prove or disprove the influence of factors that belong to these categories to emphasize the ambiguity of conclusions on this issue. The researchers also use social cognitive theory to explain employee beh
Introduction Authority or the right to influence the actions and opinions of other people plays an important part in many areas of our life, including the relations between a parent and a child. Parents should shape the behavior and attitudes of a child and for this purpose, they need to use both persuasion and compulsion. Yet, the main peculiarity of parental authority is that it must be based on mutual respect, support, understanding, and emotional attachment. These are the things that make the authority of parents acceptable or legitimate. Their right to power has to be continuously justified. Parents have to demonstrate their exercise of power is aimed at benefiting children, rather than only restricting them. Provided that adults do not cope with this task, it will be difficult for them to retain their authority. Lack of justification can lead to the so-called rebellion of a child, especially during adolescence. This is the key thesis that this essay will illustrate. It will focus on the nature of parent’s authority and the way it evolves with time passing. These are the main questions that should be discussed Cultural outlay Overall, my views on parenting and authority have largely been shaped by my own childhood experiences. I come from China, and my parents always stressed such values as respect for the elderly people, duty, and the sense of responsibility for one’s actions. They always set stress on these principled and wanted me to accept them. To a great extent, these values were a part of their cultural overlay. Nevertheless, my parents also believed that the education of a child had to rely on the agreement and mutual understanding. This is why they tried to use authority very carefully. In particular, they seldom forced me t
Introduction A clinical psychological evaluation and analysis involves gathering information regarding the mental health status of an individual, about his/her past and present attitude, emotions, history of the person’s problems and the circumstances that surround the life of such a person. Most of the people who suffer from mental illnesses that entirely affect their psychological disposition and temperaments have their behavior related to precipitating occurrences, family compositions and history. Persons with mental heath issues have their sexual development and orientation, religious beliefs, cultural concerns, educational achievements and their social interpersonal relationships affected. Clinical officers and medical practitioners conduct a mental status examination to the patient to try and identify the mental health problems, so as to assess their conditions and prescribe the required medical attention. This is usually done in a friendly environment between the patient and the medical person, where various assessments are done on the patient using a comprehensive interview session. The interview involves simple unstructured or semi-structured questions that allow the clinicians to elicit important information about their clients (Binder 23). This psychological assessment was carried out in an hospital in Florida, which involved an outpatient by the name James. He is 29 years old and was diagnosed with brain tumor ten years ago. He has been receiving specialized treatment in various hospitals in the United States, but his condition has been wor
Not a single person in this world can say that they were not afraid to fail, especially when a goal was desirable and important to them. In this case, being afraid is normal, and no one can judge another person for this feeling. However, in some instances, the feeling grows overwhelming and paralyzing, remaining with an individual for the rest of their life. This constant condition is referred to as the fear of failure. Speaking more scientifically, it is known as atychiphobia (Sebetlela, 2017). The initial point of the condition is a one-time negative fear-based emotion, but as fear grows stronger, an individual cannot cope with it, so the feeling becomes powerful and controls the further life of the person. From this perspective, what was one an insignificant intimidation – that close to being unconfident – may evolve to become a paralyzing feeling that dictates the rules of play and keeps the person away from controlling and enjoying their life and realizing their aspirations due to the permanent fear of failure, unless treated in a timely and appropriate manner. To begin with and to understand the influence of the fear of failure on an individual’s life, it is essential to understand what stands behind this concept. Atychiphobia, or the fear of failure, is the irrational feeling – even confidence – that the desirable result of one’s effort will never be achieved. This feeling is abnormal and commonly persistent. Its foundation is anxiety. However, it is connected to the very desirable outcome of actions or choices as well as the negative self-perception. In this case, it is critical to note that the fear of failure is associated with the belief that not only an individual will fail but also other people, especially the closest one as well as the whole society, will judge or criticize them for this failure (Sebetlela, 2017). Putting it simply, the fear of failure is the incapability to suppress the anxious and irrational feeling of fear that, as a result, affects one’s life (Appling, 2013). This psychological issue was discovered by John Atkinson in the 1960s. During conducting an experiment aimed at estimating children’s motivation, he found out that there are always two kinds of people: those focusing on rewards and those being afraid of failure. It is essential to note that all of the tasks offered to children were based on rewards. However, some kids perceived them as a way to indeed obtain a reward upon completing one, while others were confident that they would fail. Therefore, those children belonging to the first group were willing to be rewarded for their achievements, while those from the second were eager to avoid humiliation for their inevitable failure. The first phenomenon was labeled as the need for achievement, while the second became referred to as the fear of failure (Kelsey, 2012). Before reviewing the influence of the fear of failure on an individual’s life and chances of success and happiness, it is critical to point to the fact that the challenge is comm
Demographic characteristics of the target group The PS3 advertisement targets hard-core male gamers between the ages of 20 to 38 who bought PS2 when it first came out in 2000 and are hardcore gamers. They were around 16 to 24 years old when they bought PS2, an age when experimentation and obsession with technology is not only a fashion statement, but a mark of status. They would be in the range of our target group, and they are the most likely ones to buy a more advanced console-PS3 also for the same reason. These men may be single, with or without girlfriends, or married with or without children. They are independent financially and may be employed or self-employed at all levels of education. Their salaries are not a great determinant and may vary greatly. They may be living alone or with their partners and their districts of residency do not apply; they may live up-market residential areas or in the inner city districts (Jones, 1999). Justification The reason for targeting this category of audience is because, men in this age bracket are obsessed with technological gargets and games such as play station series. They are also always experimenting with new technology. These men are also PS2 hardcore gamers who will want to acquire the latest games and movies. Gaming is not just for the sake of it with this group, it is a fashion and peer thing where bets are placed and played on. They also have the financial capacity to purchase the PS3 console (Wolf & Perron, 2003). Psychographic characteristics The target group is independent, energetic and youthful. When not working they are watching or playing various kind of games with friends, peers or business associates or even in clubs; working out in gyms; going out with friends and partners; clubbing; attending social events or engaged in a myriad of outdoor leisure activities (Uotinen, 2005). The target group views life as a gamble of chances and enjoys challenges. They work hard in their respective fields, are innovative and strive to excel in everything they do including high technology gaming where they display a lot of energy and passion. They dislike passive and unchallenging jobs, lives or even games. Target audience profile Joshua is a 30 year old head of finance department in a city bank in Boston. When he is not working in his busy office: he is playing for the Bank’s Super Leopards rugby club; playing with his college friends their favorite game, solitaire, on their PS3 consoles especially over the weekends; traveling with the Super Leopards games or his friends to various camping and skiing sites; and clubbing or going out with friends and his lovely girlfriend, Linda. Joshua lives alone in the city’s suburb area where there is fresh air as he says. He drives to work every morning in his one year old red sports car, inexpe