ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Research is an integral element in any science subject where psychology is part. It entails an array of activities which must be carried out adeptly for it to be a success. However, since its inception, gender bias has been a contentious issue as science and research are considered to be innately associated with maleness. Gender bias in research and science is associated with various implications that affect women more as compared with men. Discussion Gender bias in research arose from the perception that science grew from activities of man. As a result, this perception is associated with the continued gender bias in the contemporary world. Harvard president Lawrence summers indicated that women, as opposed to men are less capable of being scientists and Steinke & Long (1996) showed the proportion of male to female scientists was 2:1 (Brannon 35). An example is in the movie world where scientists are mostly male. Women on the other hand are found in the background scenes. 80% of women have secondary/ supporting roles in children’s science programming. This shows that it is widely perceived that women are less capable of becoming competent scientists in research as illustrated in the case of movies where research is essential. It was not until in the 1990s that female scientists were shown to be professionals and competent. Despite the fact that female scientists appear in some movies, they do not reveal female characteristics, rather they portray characteristics that are common to male scientists. The feminine characteristic role associated with females is not revealed in movies since masculinity is inherently associated with science. Therefore, science does not factor in women’s characters and feminine roles. Lack of recognition of feminine characters in science and research does not look into issues affecting women such as sexual harassment and achievements by women (Brannon 41). The main elements in science are rationality and objectivity, which are masculine values. Keller, 1985 argues that science is suggestive of maleness due to the rationale and dominance prevalent in the field (Brannon 36). It is because of this that science and research fails to recognize the positive effects that are associated with distinct feminine and masculine roles as should be the case in research. Bias in research only tends to push the females to the side as they are considered to be the weaker gender hence research will mainly focus on issues affecting
The photographs made by Edward Weston (1886–1958) are selected for detailed analysis because this American photographer changed a traditional approach to viewing familiar natural and artificial objects. Weston’s remarkable aesthetics is grounded in representing ordinary objects and their parts as accentuated with the help of lighting and composition to make them change their initial meaning to the artistic one. In order to manipulate his images, Weston made black-and-white photographs with the help of a large-format camera, used specific lighting, and accentuated details, texture, and shapes (“Edward Weston”). Thus, Weston applied the techniques typical of a modernist style in his works. More attention should be paid to the analysis of Weston’s photographs and the comparison of their style to my photographs. In the 1920s, Weston focused on depicting shells using a unique approach to presenting and interpreting their shape. In Shell (1927), the photographer takes a bold and high-contrast black-and-white image to accentuate the texture of a shell (“Edward Weston”). The background is deep and black to provide the frame for the shell with its emphasized gloss. Looking at the photograph, viewers pay attention to the shape and texture of the shell, and this image supports a series of Weston’s works that were discussed as representing phallic symbols and conveying erotic meanings. It is possible to agree that this photograph makes the audience interpret a familiar object from an alternative perspective, referring to one’s fantasy as it is rather difficult to recognize a shell in this photograph. Two other photographs by Weston, Cabbage Leaf and Cabbage were made in the early part of the 1930s. The key techniques used by Weston are the same as it is in Shell (“Edward Weston”). The photographer continued to create high-contrast images where the major accent was on highlighted parts and the use of shades to accentuate the shape of cabbage and a cabbage leaf. Weston used light to make depicted objects bold and colored with reference to different shades of black presented against a deep dark background. As a result, the texture of natural cabbage was presented similarly to fabric and lace. Therefore, depicted cabbages are perceived as pieces of art or sculptures that require attention
Introduction Research conducted by various researchers on the environment, in particular the urban centers, reveal various practices that range from pollution in the cities through conservation of natural vegetables to soil, that are worth checking towards sustaining the environment. In the chapter An Introduction to Ecological Design, Stuart Cowan and Sim van Der ryn argue in terms of the way people and cultures have established various mechanisms, all of which aim at preserving their environment. Human beings can live together in harmony just like the way wild animals interact, not only with one another, but also with their environment (Van Der Ryn & Cowan, 2000, p. 519). Therefore, according to them, design is paramount in ensuring a steady balance between the ecosystems. On the other hand, in The Wasteful Cities , John Lorinc argues in terms of how cities cannot survive without water, a crucial resource whose reliability depends much on the nature of the environment. According to him, the society ought to step up environmental conservation in the cities to ensure the sufficiency of water and wastewater infrastructure (Lorinc, 2006, p. 113). Government therefore, needs to intervene on issues of environmental conservation in the urban centers. However, Nicholas Low’s book Green-Shaded Cities claims that, cities should employ mechanisms for sustaining them in a way that people respect, not only one another, but also the nature around them for the benefit of all (Low, 2003, p. 211). Nevertheless, based on a keen analysis of the works of these authors, there stand some loopholes, as they do not give a detailed procedure of the steps to follow in order to realize the dream of an environment conducive for the people leaving in the cities. In addition, cities have continued to deteriorate in terms of their surroundings, despite the efforts made by people like these authors, as they also do not pinpoint the requirements needed from the people towards the realization of this goal. They also do not tell what exactly needs to be conserved and why. In this paper, I argue that the main reason why there appears to be a disconnection between environmental preservation, and conservation and human beings’ social and industrial practices is ignorance on the part of man. By ignorance, I mean the lack of information on how to preserve and conserve the environment. Man is a rational being and if he/she knows what is at stake when he/she engages in environmentally unfriendly practices, it will become easier for him/her to refrain from them (Low, 2003, p. 224). Over the years, market economists, and other environmental entities have portrayed human beings as ‘monsters’ seeking to destroy the environment with their inventions of automobiles, skyscrapers, and other pollutants. The concept of waste is a common allusion linking all the three articles. The authors agree that waste disposal has a major effect on how a city or an area’s environmental management is undertaken. One of the main reasons why this vice is rampant in urban centers includes the presence of air pollution policies
Introduction Data acquisition is a branch of computer forensics concerned with the retrieval of data originally located on a suspect medium such as a hard drive. These data could be images or files. The types of data acquisition are either live or static. This acquisition can fall in any one of the four methods highlighted below:   * The bitstream disk to image, which can be used to create copies, which are bit for bit replicas. This method can enable one to make more than one copy during the process.   * The bitstream disk to disk is used where bitstream disk to the image is not possible.   * While considering the files of interest only, the logical or sparse acquisition will suffice. However, this option remains suitable for large disks and can collect pieces of deleted data. For the 2GB hard disk in question, a lossless compression may be suitable. However, for effectiveness, this will be combined with a digital signature verification process. For such a case, the contents will be copied as an accurate image to a file preferably to another disk using third-party tools such as ProDiscover or EnCase. However, this depends on other factors that would otherwise disqualify the bitstream disk to the image file method. Another hard disk is used as the target medium onto which a copy of the suspect hard disk is made. EnCase and SnapCopy is examples of software that can be employed for this process. The acquisition precedes validation of the data. Windows has no inbuilt validation algorithms that are typically hashing algorithms. Third-party utilities are used for such validation processes. Alternatively, Linux validation can be used with the dcfldd with a verify file option to compare the image to the original. Computer forensics training CYber DEfense Trainer (CYDEST) describes a virtual environment addressing computer forensics as well as network defense. Considering that training on an actual platform may be costly and remote, CYDEST provides an opportunity for network administrators as well as digital forensics investigators to run real-life scenarios in a virtual environment. This setup achieves realism through “support for highly realistic ‘invasive’ training scenarios which include ongoing attacks and live forensics as well as an automated evaluation of student’s performance” (Brueckner et al., 2008, p.105). CYDEST relies on virtualization. Virtualization for this case is capable of achieving rich scenarios at random, which are suitable for training purposes. This virtualization is hosted with Xen, which is a hypervisor “running directly on the hardware as an operating system control program” (Brueckner et al., 2008, p.105). Xen will support one or more machines as specially privileged guests. This platform also supports the Linux operating system as a privileged guest. In a CYDEST session, the hosts seen by the student are unprivileged. Xen can also allow other architectures to enable hosts on the network t
‘The Monkey Paws’ is a horror story written by W. W. Jacobs in 1902. The main characters are Mr. and Mrs. White, Herbert and Sergeant-major Morris. The writer has interrelated important moral messages of family life and interwove basic life skills using artistic fables, figurative language, and unknown horror. Hence, the story ‘The Monkey’s Paw’ symbolically warns its audience to be extra careful about what they wish and never expect something from anything. W. W. Jacobs pens down this fateful story unveiling various curses that befall the main characters in response to their wishes. The story opens on a rainy evening. Mr. White and Herbert are playing chase in the parlor. Mr. White tries to pretend when he loses the game. Later, Sergeant-major Morris’s footsteps are heard by Mr. White from the inside. With happiness, Sergeant-major he is welcome into the parlor with the courtesy of some drinks. He then narrates his adventures in India to entertain the family. Mr. White interrupts Sergeant-major Morris’ wonderful narration. He inquires more about the Monkey’s Paw! This is where we learn of the magic power of the Monkey’s Paw in granting wishes. With much enticing, Sergeant-Major Morris gives in to tell a b
The challenges that the veteran is experienced during his transition from military to civilian life An initial statement is what a social worker says immediately after the patient finishes detailing their experiences and outlining their problems. The purpose of this statement is to immediately provide the patient with emotional support and encouragement while establishing initial rapport at the same time. Without rapport and a vote of confidence for the social worker, it is unlikely for the intervention to achieve success. Therefore, everything said and done during the first 5 minutes of your conversation should pursue these goals. My script for the initial statement towards Terry will be as follows (Kelly, Barksdale, & Gitelson, 2011): Expressing gratitude First and foremost, I will thank the veteran for his service and sacrifice to our country. Many veterans do not get the respect they deserve, which exacerbates their depression and makes them feel unneeded. Saying these words at the start would help earn the patient’s trust and ensure him that I am on his side. Confidence statement It is important to assure the patient that their problems, while serious, are treatable. I will say that with a tone of confidence, but without sounding dismissive, as that would offend the patient. Explanations and comparisons Explaining to the patient what issues he has is a good strategy. As a soldier, Terry would prefer knowing his enemy rather than remain in the dark. I will explain the details of his diagnosis to him. In addition, I will tell the patient about other people (without naming them), whose cases were similar to that of Terry, and were successfully resolved. The use of Motivational Interviewing counseling approach to engage with the veteran Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a tool frequently used in social work and psychology as a means of helping people facing significant psychological and social challenges, such as social ineptitude, homelessness, depression, and others. MI is structured using OARS, which stands for (Wilson, Friedman, & Lindy, 2012):   * Open-ended questions (O).   * Affirmations (A).   * Reflective listening (R).   * Summary (S). This framework enables the patients to come to their own conclusions about how to change their lives while constantly verifying the validity of their words throughout the entire interview. The interview with Terry will have many questions regarding his personal life, his feelings and beliefs, his diagnosis, and his relationship with friends and family. Each question will have to address one of these issues. Some of the questions asked will be as follows:  1. What do you think are the main differences between military life and civilian life?  2. How do you think your family feels about your attempt to
It seems that the author, Virginia Woolf, was inside her house in the countryside. This was made evident by the presence of animals and the fact that she saw someone plowing a nearby field. It is through this cacophony of activities and sounds that she saw something distinct – a moth. It was not like the rooks that can fly so high that it can reach the sky. These birds were so majestic that even if they decide to roost they appear to be untouchable as they settle on top of trees. Their high-flying aerobatics was a stark contrast to the low flying capabilities of a moth. The moth does not reside on tall trees but these little winged insects are more often than not confined to the inner fold of curtains and more often than not stuck behind a window pane unable to get out. The author observed how the moth tried to eagerly interact with its environment, even if its life expectancy was shorter than a day’s length and by doing so the author was able to understand life and death. It was already mid-September but surprisingly the weather outside the author’s home was like that of summer. As a result every living creature outside was alive with the sudden boost of energy brought by the early morning air. She could feel life pulsating from the field and it was hard for her to concentrate on what she was reading. But aside from the activities outside her room she was also distracted by the presence of an ordinary moth. She described it in relation to the outdoors and what she wrote describes the general direction of the story: One could not help watching him. One was, indeed, conscious of a queer feeling of pity for him. The possibilities of pleasure seemed that morning so enormous and so various that to have only a moth’s part in life, and a day moth’s at that appeared a hard fate, and his zest enjoying his meager opportunities to the full, pathetic (Woolf). The author spent considerable time describing the insignificance of the moth. It was a winged insect but was not like the bright colored butterflies. When butterflies flutter in the air there is a certain grace and mastery of movement that allow it to hop from one flower to another. The moth on the other hand was ugly. When it flutters its wing one can feel a sense of repulsiveness and instead of moving towards it, one is more inclined to move away. It was easy for the author to dismiss the moth as another insignificant little creature. But after a while the author was forced to change her mind when she noticed that against all odds, the moth decided that it will live life to the fullest. The moth tried to interact with the creatures t
This paper sought to examine the way the media industry had been portrayed in the novel the Big Ben and even in the movie.In this book, the way the characters play a game against each other while denying certain vital elements of their own personalities results in a fascinating psychological thriller. One of the central character’s George Stroud has been depicted in the light of man who is trying to seek freedom but in unable to do so as a result of a number of activities. A psychological thriller, The Big Clock, though not as famous as some films of its genre makes use of some awe-inspiring black and white cinematography that is used throughout film’s length. The convoluted plot and the sharp dialogue allow the viewers to remain glued to the seat, ensnared by a slickly produced film about the modern media industry. All the elements of such a film are included from a superficial boss who makes use of his authority in order to suppress those working beneath him. This very manipulative and self-obsessed nature is all results of working in such an industry which thrives on the creation and sustenance of such ego-maniacs. The film centers on an oddity which is repeatedly used throughout the film; a big clock which reads the time around the world. This fixation of the boss; Mr. Earl Janoth, describes the eccentricity of people attached to the media industry. This very fixation of Janoth becomes the measurement scale for the rest of the characters lives, some who are living in a state of constant fear while others try to seek reasons for a crime.(Meyer 1998) Another central character of the film, George Stroud, who has been working for the egoistical Janoth for a number of years, finally decides to quit after being forced to give up a long awaited trip with his wife. And hence, this very act results in a myriad of activities all being timed by the same big clock.The characters all seem to represent the various aspects of an industry which centers on obsessions manipulative characters, the lower depressed working class and the unhappy females who are caught in empty relationships. George Stroud represents the lower depressed working class who has to sacrifice his personal life for the sake of the professional one. Seeming to have no control over the way his life progresses, he finally takes the initiative of quitting and follows a period of depression. The magazine is named “Crimeways” which is ironical considering that the editor himself is a murderer and another escaped fugitive in his own eyes. George Stroud’s inability to divide his personal and professional life becomes the very cause of his downfall, in a way explaining the reason behind the subsequent downfall of a number of media related people in various cases. George Stroud’s meeting with the unhappy mistress of his boss is depictive of many scen
Was HealthSouth’s outpatient concept in the best interest of the patient? The outpatient concept introduced by HealthSouth was in the best interest of the patients. HealthSouth had 600 outpatient centers that offered outpatient programs. It helped patients to access the hospital while staying at home. Outpatient programs helped to boost patients’ confidence, enhancing quick recovery. The program was well maintained during the early stages of the company since the company was making profits and it consistently expanded its outpatient facilities. The outpatient program has been adopted by many hospitals due to its simple functionality; it is cheaper for patients to stay at home and visit the hospital for a short time. This avoids the congestion in the facilities. Most hospitals in Southwest Florida have tried to adopt the outpatient method to mainly avoid congestions in their hospitals and to ensure patients’ comfort. Some hospitals even offer private outpatient services. Patient commitment is highly required for outpatient services to work well. Therefore, careful assessment should be done to ensure the patients are worthy of the program. How was Richard Scrushy’s charisma both positive and negative influences related to the growth and demise of HealthSouth? HealthSouth had a great impact on the medical field by offering outpatient rehabilitative services in the 1980s, under the former CEO Richard Scrushy. He subsequently spearheaded HealthSouth to great heights through expansion and even enlisting in the stock exchange. The company’s growth and profitability earned him a standing ovation from the investment bankers. Scrushy clearly achieved many great goals during his leadership. Despite Scrushy’s charisma and his achievements in the company, he had his flaws. Scrushy did not allow disagreements between him and his subordinates. Scrushy would demean and personally attack his subordinates during staff meetings (Wikipedia para 1). He ordered the publication of fraudulent financial reports when the company faced competition and Medicare cutbacks; he did this to meet investor expectations and to control the price of the company’s stock. To the subordinates, Scruchy was a tyrant who made independent decisions for the company. What internal oversight was missing that would have prevented overstated financial projections and fraudulent financial reporting? It took a very long time for Scrushy to be investigated. HealthSouth had to seek the services of an external law firm to review Scruchy’s stock sale. The firm found out that the sales and profits and loss were not adding up. Scruchy violated the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of the American federal law which was enacted in 2002. The law required senior persons in the company to take individual responsibility especially the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. Other companies had violated the law through accounting scandals; for example, Enron, Tyco International, Adelphia, Peregrine Systems and WorldCom were companies that had violated the law leading to the establishment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to act as an oversight for public com