ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this talk, Professor Esolen discusses the importance of wonder as one of the main themes in Shakespeare’s play The Tempest. At the beginning of the lecture, he refers to words of Aristotle, according to whom this concept can be defined as the beginning of philosophy and learning (Esolen unpaged). The speaker shows that wonder is the fascination of a person with better qualities of other people, for instance, their heroism, courage, self-sacrifice, or beauty. Moreover, this fascination prompts a person to acquire or develop these qualities. In the play, wonder manifests itself in several ways. For example, one can mention Ferdinand’s fascination when he sees Miranda. This character understands that this girl is a perfect human being. Similarly, Alonso is amazed by Prospero’s ability to forgive his betrayal. This feeling has a transformative effect on these characters. To a great extent, it helps them reveal their better qualities. This is one of the main issues that should be considered. Professor Esolen believes that wonder plays a vital role in Shakespeare’s play. People, who are incapable of having this feeling, can be deprived of any moral principles. In this case, one should on such characters as Antonio and Sebastian (Esolen unpaged). These individuals are more likely to be driven by self-interest, ambition, or jealousy. In Professor Esolen’s opinion, Shakespeare pays attention to this theme in order to highlight the differences between the characters. On the whole, Professor Esolen lecture has highlighted to me the importance of wonder for the fulfilling life of a person. In particular, it is essential for the moral integrity of a person, ability to learn, and willingness to make achievement. In contrast, many educational institutions stifle learners’ ability to wonder. This is one of the main arguments that the lecturer puts forward. Works Cited Esolen, Anthony. The Tempest and Wonder. 2010. Web.
Sources Summary James Monroe’s “Annual Message to Congress” of 1823 is concerned with the issue of international relations. Monroe addresses the questions of European colonization and the international involvement of the United States in European affairs. Monroe emphasizes the independent position of the United States regarding the political ambitions of the European powers. From this point forward, the U.S. must not be considered as a colonization territory but as an independent and free country. The events in Spain and Portugal serve the speaker as an example of a situation that is henceforth highly undesirable for the United States. Even though Monroe describes these events as moderate and aimed at improving the well-being of the inhabitants of Spain and Portugal, he points out that despite the initial good intentions, the obtained results are unsatisfactory and strikingly different from what was initially planned. The speaker emphasizes that the U.S. will resort to defensive methods only if its integrity and independence is compromised. A promise is made not to interfere in any of the European colonies. At the end of the address, Monroe declares allegiance to the countries whose independence the U.S. recognized, and the readiness to assist these countries should their independence be threatened. John Calhoun’s “A Disquisition of Government” of 1845 addresses the subject of community, distinguishing between two types of a majority: constitutional and numerical. Calhoun emphasizes the significance of this distinction for governmental purposes. While the numerical majority leads one to believe the people are identical, the notion of constitutional majority implies that there is also a conflict of interest in the community. Calhoun points out that the idea of the constitutional, or concurrent, the majority is a vital element in any constitutional government. Confusing the two types of majorities may lead to fatal consequences. However, a numerical majority is predominantly the only majority that is considered by the government. Calhoun emphasizes that in a country with a legitimate constitution there can be no other approach but to treat the community as a concurrent majority, as it means that each member of society is negated by another with conflicting interests, which, in turn, contributes to the development of the protection mechanisms in each community member. Compare and Contrast Monroe’s speech and Calhoun’s text differ significantly regarding their conception of a national government and its power. While Monroe emphasizes the unified power of the national government to protect its citizens, Calhoun stresses the multiplicity of interests. The latter approach is aimed at developing the constitutional government while taking into account the conflicts of interests in society. These conflicts of interests create a mutual negative that is an essential element of a constitutional state. Unlike Calhoun, Monroe expresses ideas that are closer to a unified interpretation of society, which would be called by Calhoun a numerical majority the latter rejects. While Calhoun stresses the importance of a difference of opinion in a community, Monroe
Nitrite Ion and Indole Nitrite ion (NO 2 − ) is a chemical compound consisting of one nitrogen atom covalently attached to two oxygen atoms. It is produced as an intermediate in the oxidation pathway from nitric oxide (NO) radical to the stable metabolite nitrate (NO 3 − ). The nitrate ion can undergo protonation to form nitrous acid, which is an unstable, weak acid that is highly volatile. This ion can also undergo oxidation and reduction reactions depending on the strength of the reducing or oxidizing agent. The interaction of nitrate ions is unique such that it can bind in more than one way. Ions that exhibit this phenomenon are known as ambidentate (César et al. 15582). Nitrite ion is capable of attaching itself to metal centers in five different ways. The formation of nitrite ion is a crucial step in the nitrogen cycle. In the air, nitrogen oxides can be transformed into nitrite ions, which combine with atmospheric moisture to form acid rains (Singh et al. 294). The concentration of nitrate ions in chemical and biological systems is very important due to its impact on physiological reactions. Nitrite ions are toxic in high concentrations inside living organisms because they can oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin, thus interfering with the ability to convey oxygen in red blood cells. Microorganisms are capable of oxidizing or reducing ammonia and nitrates in organic compounds, thereby leading to the production of nitrites. Therefore, the presence of nitrite in water is usually used as an indication of pollution due to the formation of nitrite ions during the biodegradation of these compounds (Zheng et al. 315). Furthermore, the incorporation of nitrite in foods (as a food preservative in cured meats), detergents, fertilizers, and other industrial applications has escalated the issue of pollution. From an environmental point of view, nitrite is known to play a vital role in the chemical reactions that involve secondary amines in the formation of N-nitrosamines, which are known to be strong carcinogens (De Mey et al. 2910). Therefore, the determination of this ion crucial from a health and pollution standpoint. The U.S. Public Health Service reports that the maximum permissible threshold of nitrite in drinkable water is 0.06 ppm (Benson et al. 1643). As a result, the quantification of nitrite concentrations is crucial in the areas of food safety, diagnosis of diseases, control of water quality, forensic inquiries, and fundamental biological studies involving the physiology and pathology of nitric oxide. Indole is an organic compound with a chemical formula of C 8 H 7 N. The presence of the nitrogen atom implies that it is an amine. It has a ring-like structure consisting of two rings and is classified as an aromatic heterocyclic compound. The first ring is a six-sided benzene ring that is joined to a five-sided pyrrole ring. Indole is widespread in the natural environment and has a characteristic fecal odor in high concentrations. Nonetheless, at low concentrations, it produces a flowery smell, which makes it a compon
The mean IQ score for this group is within the normal range of intelligence. From the research data given and results after thorough analysis and tabulations, the mean IQ score is around 85. In fact, the average Mean IQ score is expected to lie between 85 and 115, although for some children, it may be above that or below. These scores help in determining how gifted a child is as compared to others (Devore, 2008). Some have IQ scores going to 140, which means that they are incredibly talented, and these children happen to be intelligent in school and other areas in their lives. Therefore, all participants in this research fall within the expected range of average mean IQ scores. The median of this group is close to that of a normal distribution because, from the information given and graphs provided, people had their scores as 100. In the normal distribution, it is proven that the median is around 100 score where most of the obtained data lie. This means that most people have IQ scores of close to the same levels, although there are few exceptions. These exceptions happen in cases where some people have IQ scores above 130. These are regarded as gifted while others possess scores below 70, and this means that exceptional services are vital. In fact, children with IQ scores at 70 or below take more time to learn hence requiring the provision of specialized services. The score represented by the letter B means that the person has an intellectual disability. It is given that their IQ level is shallow hence creating the need for specific academic needs. Since a typical IQ score is 100, it is said that one deviation from 100 downwards calls for exceptional services. Letter B represents a score of 65 hence positioning it below two variations downwards, which is 70. In this case, the parents with children in this bracket should make sure they get adequate information from IQ specialists on the assistance required. This is because some conditions can be improved by the use of drugs, while others cannot. Therefore, it can be wise for parents to seek guidance on how to handle their children with intellectual disabilities. Letter F is between 1 and 2 standard deviations above the mean of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The mean of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale is 100. Therefore, one deviation above it rests at 115, and two variations above it lie at 130. Consequently, it is evident that 125 is the point of interest. A test that gives consistent results time after another is said to be valid. This means that test results can be verified and interpreted without distortion. A test that gives inconsistent results every time is said to be invalid hence cannot be relied upon to provide statistically accurate analysis. The precise application of valid tests helps researchers to obtain usefu
One of the most shattering novels ever written, Family by J. California Cooper is a perfect specimen of a XIX-century American tragedy. Creating the characters that might as well be the real people of the America sunken under the weight of slavery and torments, J. California Cooper demonstrates what makes a real family and explains why the rules and morals governing in the XIX century time, made people suffer and families split in a dreadful misconception. Explaining the true family values in her shocking and gripping novel, J. California Cooper manages to convey the importance of the family ties and emphasizes that in the hardest times when slavery came to reign in the country and people, could be sold and bought, family relationships were practically doomed – it took a real miracle for the people of different races to come to terms and understanding. It is quite peculiar that the author does not actually offer her vision of what the real family makes – the descriptions of the woes that Chlora had to undergo to come to realizing that her family is completely broken. Without even comparing the ideal family to the one that Chlora was doomed to have, J. California Cooper made the reader unconsciously understand that the real family was supposed to make an entity, an integral piece that on no account should be divided. Once the family is split, the lives of its members are broken for good. Moreover, the feeling of belonging also vanishes without a trace, as J. California Cooper explains: And the Erath Mother asked the Erath Child as she handed it the succulent Earth fruit, “And where does a tree bear fruit that is not its own?” And the Erath Child threw back its beautiful head, laughing, saying, “Never, never…” (Cooper iv). Whenever the author mentions Chlora’s family, her children and the life they led, there is a
Project Structure The first section of the project presented introduction and literature review about engineering capabilities and house of quality in the oil and gas industry. These studies show that a focus o house of quality can improve engineering capabilities and customer requirement outcomes. The second section of the paper presented research objectives with a focus on the relationship between engineering capabilities and customer requirements, which forms the research hypotheses. The research method section shows the research design. The is a mixed methods approach that combined both qualitative and quantitative research methods in order to understand how high standards of engineering capabilities would affect operational efficiency and customer satisfaction at Emirates Gas LLC. It also has data collection method. The researcher collected relevant data through questionnaires and interviews with operation managers and supervisors. The data analysis and study result section showed that the researcher used descriptive analysis for tables, percentages, and frequencies while SPSS was used to show the correlation between improved engineering capabilities and improvement on customer requirements. This analysis also confirmed the research hypotheses. Finally, the paper presented recommendation on house of quality and conclusion by showing that improved engineering capabilities led to increased customer requirements, satisfaction, and retention. Research objectives  1. To address and examine the company’s technical capabilities (engineering capabilities)  2. To understand and prioritise needs of customers  3. To understand operational challenges and recommend methods of enhancing them  4. To explore the relationship between engineering capabilities and customer requirement Research hypotheses  1. high standards of engineering capabilities would not lead to operational efficie
Introduction Located in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, Johnstown previously had the distinction of being an iron, coal and steel producer during the late 1800’s which quickly made it into one of America’s “steel towns”, often equaling or surpassing the production levels of Pittsburg and Cleveland. Unfortunately by the mid 1900’s the production capacity of the town waned as a result of domestic and foreign competition as well as the fact that its distance from the source of the iron ore used in the smelting process was far away from the processing plant which added additional costs to the production process. Today, steel production is no longer a thriving industry in the city however with the area being located 70 miles east of Pittsburgh and along the “Health Belt” (American Midwest to New England where there has been a massive growth in health related services) of the U.S. the result has made Johnstown a medical and communications center with the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown and the Pennsylvania Highlands Community College annually attracting thousands of students which helps to support the local economy. The primary location to be used in this study will be downtown Johnstown with the zip code 15901. The total population from the latest U.S. census estimate shows that there are roughly 5,539 people living within this area with 54.9% of them being female and remaining 45.1% being male (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009). The median age for this part of the city is 45.6 years old with a large percentage of the population 80.8% (4,473) being comprised of individuals 18 years old and over (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009). The remaining population sets show that individuals 65 years old and above comprise 27.3% (1,513) of the population with 5.4% (297) comprising children under five years of age. Population demographics show that 15901 is a predominantly white neighborhood with a population of 4,096 comprising 73.9% of the total population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009). The second largest demographic is that of African Americans number 1,210 or 21.8% of the population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009). The remaining 24.3% of the Johnstown population is comprised of various ethnicities ranging from Asian, Native Americans, and various other races. Based on the data above it can be seen that the population demographic is rather similar to that of most East Coast and Mid-Western towns which usually have a predominant white population with African Americans and other races comprising the remainder of the population in varying degrees (City Data, 2010). Epidemiological Factors in the Johnstown 15901 Area Data collected from 2008 shows that the entire Johnstown area comprised of zip codes 15901, 15902, 15904, 15905, 15906, 15907, 15909, 15915 has had the following rates of crime from 2004 to 2008: (Note: Data average is unusually high due to the significantly smaller population of Johnstown compared to the average U.S. population bases that have 100,000 or more residents within a given area) U.S. C
Introduction The John F. Kennedy International Airport is one of the landmark airports in the United States of America. Its geographical position is in New York City (Silverman, Chauvin, &Goodman 2010). The airport links the United States with the rest of the world being the main entry and exit point from the U.S. the JKF airport got its name from the 35 th U.S President, John F. Kennedy. Ownership The John F. Kennedy Airport is owned by New York City (Stoff 2009). It is the city with the highest occupancy capacity in the United States. It is also one of the heavily populated urban setups in the world. The city also acts as the central operation point for United Nations besides serving as the center for international commerce and tourism. However, the John F. Kennedy airport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey which was incepted in 1921. Through the port authority, the JKF Airport is capable of harnessing its resources which are required in air transport travel (Szurovy 2003). The JKF Airport facility is a public utility and it serves New York City as the main gateway in and out of the city (White & Fran 2010). Organizational structure The structure of the organization comprises of leadership hierarchy with the Executive Director at the helm of leadership (Corporate Information 2010). His main role is to act as the chief executive officer of the port operations. Under the Executive Director is the Deputy Executive Director who plays a supportive role to the chief executive officer. He supplements the leadership requirements of the port alongside overseeing some of the latent operations. The above officers are then mandated to enhance smooth management of the port through the board of commissioners who are appointed by governors from each of the states. Managing Style The management style of the John F. Kennedy Airport is curved and enshrined by the port authority. Governors are mandated to select officials who will belong to the commissioners’ board. However, the appointment has to be appended by the senate of the concerned state. The commissioners who are appointed are not liable for remunerations even as they serve as public managers. Their tenure period runs for six years. In the course of management, the governors have the right to intervene in any resolutions taken by the commissioners. The official proceedings of the managing board are not done in private. Moreover, the Executive Director who is under the authority of the commissioning board has the role
Written by Napoleon Chagnon, the book Yanomamo is a masterpiece collection of information on the Yanomamo people of Brazil and Venezuela. These people form part of the ever-diminishing sovereign tribal groupings in existence in modern times. The book is majorly based on the author’s encompassing fieldwork amongst the Yanomamo coupled with chronicling what has changed amongst these people from 1996 onwards. The book has several editions, with the latest one being the sixth edition, which was published in 2013. This latest edition includes an interview with Napoleon, the author. The interview highlights the author’s personal experiences, perspectives, work-life, and anthropological changes in contemporary times, coupled with the many controversies that the book has elicited amongst critics. The interview also clarifies issues that the reader might question given that the book is written from the first-person perspective. The book’s contents are subjective, and the reader is likely to question the authenticity of the sources and claims, and thus in the interview, the author clarifies such issues. This paper is a review and analysis of the book, The Yanomamo. It gives a summary of the book, together with thoughts, sentiments, and insights regarding the information contained in the book. The book is divided into nine chapters, each with rich content on different issues concerning the Yanomamo based on the author’s extensive fieldwork. The book opens up with a prologue where the author introduces the Yanomamo by noting that they live on the Venezuela-Brazil border. This tribe is of the Tropical Forest Indians, and they number about 20,000 people scattered in around 200-250 villages scarcely distributed across the region (Chagnon, 2013). Interestingly, the Brazilian and Venezuelan authorities had very limited information on these people until recently when anthropologists started visiting the region to do some studies. In the prologue, the author clarifies that the book is a case study on the Yanomamo together with their sovereignty. It took the author sixty months to complete his study, and he lived amongst these people in different villages starting from 1964. Before this time, very little was known about the Yanomamo, and very little changes had occurred in their sovereignty and the way they live. Doing Fieldwork Among the Yanomamo In chapter one, the author starts by giving a vignette of the Yanomamo. He notes that even though these people are sparsely scattered across am extensive tropical forest living in small villages; they have a rich and complex language. They are mostly farmers, but they supplement it with hunting. Civilization is yet to permeate the social fabric of the Yanomamo. The author highlights how he collected data in the field, where he notes that he had to learn their language and culture in his sixty months’ stay in the region. The author used first-hand information ranging from what he saw to what he was told concerning the Yanomamo’s way of life. The author then chronicles his experiences with these