ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Silicone rubber is a unique synthetic elastomer that is made from a cross-linked polymer that is reinforced with silica. Some of the characteristics include stability at both high and low temperatures, no taste or smell, translucent and hence easy to color, wide hardness range, chemically resistance, weather-resistant, high level of sealing performance, electrical properties, and resistance to compression. There are four main molding methods: liquid injection molding, compression molding, transfer molding, and extruding/extrusion/extrusion molding (Dow Corning, 2007). Liquid Injection Molding This process typically involves injection molding a thermoplastic material such as PBT or nylon, followed by co-molding or over-molding with an LSR. LSR is vulcanized under heat using three main parts: an injection molding machine and a metering/mixing system and a specially designed mold to handle the material, which is cured to about 160°C to 200°C. Most injection molding machines for LSR use a reciprocating screw injection unit. The two-component LSR material is pumped to the injection unit using a meter/mix device with a static mixer mounted at the feed throat to aid in mixing and/or dispersion of additives. The LSR is injected into a mold, which is typically heated by four to six electric mold heating zones for each mold half. Adequate clamp force must be maintained throughout the molding cycle, since during the 10 to 100 seconds of curing, LSR will expand in volume by 1% to 2%, which is sufficient to cause flashing (Dow Corning, 2007). Pressure must also be maintained so that material is not permitted to migrate back through the bushing into the nozzle. Many LSR injection molding machines have water-cooled or insulated platens to ensure that the high temperature of the mold is not transferred to other areas of the injection molding machine. Compression Molding In compression molding, a preform is placed on one half of a heated mold. When the mold is closed and put under pressure in a press, the rubber is forced into all parts of the mold cavity; and excess rubber flows into a flash groove around the mold cavity. Single cavity molds are loaded by hand. With some multiple cavity molds, loading boards may provide faster mold loading, which helps prevent scorching of the preforms. Enough pressure should be applied to obtain a sufficiently rapid flow of rubber in the mold. When molding thick sections or fabric-reinforced parts, it may be necessary to cool the mold before releasing the pressure -to help prevent backrinding, porosity, and delamination. The following factors must be taken into consideration during compression molding with various vulcanizing agents: molding time, vulcanizing agents, molding temperature (KDL, 2007). Transfer Molding In transfer molding, the unvulcanized rubber is placed in a chamber (called a pot), usually at the top of the mold, and the assembly is placed in a press. The press applies pressure to a piston-like plug in the open end of the pot, clamping the halves of the mold together and forcing the rubber to flow through one or more sprues into the heated mold. Transfe
Introduction There are several restrictions and awareness campaign sponsored by most countries within Europe which has made brewing companies to seek for other means of growth. There is also concentration in innovation, branding image and also on cutting the costs on packaging which leads to reduction of the overall cost of production (Kotler, 1994). PESTEL Political factors Most of the Governments within Europe organise public events that focuses on making the public aware about the results of alcohol consumption on the health. They are also imposing restrictions on consumption of beer and alcohol products and at the same time place heavy fines and penalty on crime done under the influence of alcohol. The campaigns mostly targeted drunken driving and the long-term health problems and diseases caused by high consumption of beer (Sadler, 2005). Economic factors Restrictions on alcoholic drinks in European countries have led to low sales of the commodity within the market. The Super markets on realising that most people purchase alcohol from them have decided to offer alcohol products at reduced prices. The decline in beer consumption can be attributed to government campaigns which might have caused shift in beer sales from consumption in pubs to sales in supermarkets. Exchange rates within European market at times affect the success of the beer industry export activities. Fall in exchange rates makes it expensive to export beer products to other countries with strong currencies like the US (Barsby, 1999). Social Societal changes within Europe have greatly affected consumer responses. This has made the Brewing industries within Europe to make some changes concerning their operational decisions. Higher percentage of beer consumption is found in men as compared to women who form small percentage of consumption. Due to the statistics, brewing industry have resorted to manufacturing new types of beverages such as lighter beers, and flavoured alcoholic beverages that can easily be consumed by women. Due to government campaigns, the trends towards healthy lifestyles have increased. This has made consumers to demand lighter beer with low calorie content. This calls for research into new technologies that could lead to designing of more desirable consumer products. The increased migratio
Brainstorming Decision-Making Technique The choice of one of the three major techniques of group decision making requires a thorough analysis of the business context to discern the factors that assist or hinder the process of consensus achievement. The first scenario suggests rather a typical case of a company losing its competitive edge owing to some unknown reasons that are not mentioned. What is known is that the leaders lack originality and tend to stick to traditional approaches to management. However, the members of a decision-making group, to which I am supposed to belong, are extroverts – it means that they are likely to prefer an open discussion of the problem to anonymous voting. We are not pressed for time; yet, the sales dropping tendency seems rather disturbing, necessitating deliberate and effective solutions. Taking all these factors into considerations allows concluding that the brainstorming technique would be applicable in the given case. This technique presupposes generating multiple options to solve the problem in the discussion (Moshal, 2009). Since all the managers involved are prone to conventional thinking, brainstorming would help encourage freewheeling. The technique welcomes all kind of ideas, no matter how weird or wild they may seem; therefore, the managers would be able to step aside from their adherence to the group opinion and show their creative thinking (taking into account that criticism is not allowed) (Moshal, 2009). The brainstorming approach to decision-making is often criticized because of the negative effect of authority on the discussion’s outcome. Still, in the situation at hand, we deal with the top management team, which means that the hierarchical position’s prejudice is unlikely. One more disadvantage would be that brainstorming does not give a ready-made solution to the problem but aims to generate alternatives (Bolland & Fletcher, 2012). However, when it concerns competitive advantage, more than one course of action is possible, which means that there is no universal way out. Thus, brainstorming will give rise to creativity in the company and lead to the gradual development of a well-grounded and non-conventional strategy. Nominal Group Decision-Making Technique The second case puts me in the company that has to encounter cost overruns requiring urgent measures. Our team of top managers includes introverts and extroverts, which makes group discussions rather one-sided as the former often suppress the latter. That is one reason to doubt that brainstorming activities will be of any use in this case. Moreover, the company needs a ready-made solution rather than a list of alternatives. The problem is narrow and particular; thus, developing a comprehensive strategy is not needed in this case. The above-cited arguments make me believe that the nominal group technique will be much more applicab
The consumption of genetically modified foods has been a subject of heated debate among scientists, policy-makers, journalists, and consumers. At present, many people express concerns about the safety of these products, especially long-term effects on human health. In particular, one can mention such possible threats as horizontal gene transfer and allergenicity. Apart from that, it is often said that the risks of using genetically modified organisms for the production of food have not been fully examined because existing research methods are very limited. This is one of the reasons why this issue attracts the close attention of the public, especially medical workers. Overall, it is possible to argue that people can consume genetically modified foods because there is practically no scientific evidence which can confirm the claims about the dangers of these products. Moreover, the goods are usually less expensive, and they can be of great use to people with low-income level. This is the main thesis that should be elaborated in more detail. However, producers must inform buyers whether they are using genetic engineering methods because consumers have a right to make an informed decision while choosing among different products. These are the main questions that should be discussed. First of all, it is important to examine the claims about the health risks of genetically modified foods because in many cases, these claims are not supported. In particular, many journalists and consumers often speak about the possibility of horizontal gene transfer. In other words, they suppose that the genes of organisms or plants can be passed to a human or even his/her descendants. This is why this issue has often been discussed in mass media. However, such cases have never been registered in the course of scientific studies (Shaw 271). Admittedly, researchers managed to conduct experiments on horizontal gene transfer; yet, this transfer is the result of numerous artificial manipulations that have not been observed in a natural environment (Shaw 271). Moreover, there is no theoretical framework which can explain or substantiate the mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer from a plant to a human being. As it has been said before, such events do not take place in natural conditions. This is one of the first issues that can be identified. To a great, the allegations about the dangers of genetically modified foods are not supported by specific evidence. This is one of the main points that can be made. Additionally, concerns have been raised about possible allergic reactions to genetically modified foods. This issue is also of great concern to medical workers and scientists because allergenicity can indeed imperil the life of a person. Nevertheless, one should mention that the consumption of many food products can entail the risk of acute allergic response (Jumba 26). For instance, one can mention fish, wheat, eggs, soybean, or milk, and they are in no way related to genetic engineering (Jumba 26). Nevertheless, journalists do not speak about these problems. Apart from that, the producers of genetically modified foods conduct various tests which can dete
Introduction Popular culture encapsulates the society’s wholesome activities. Popular culture is the expression of a society’s common beliefs, practices, rituals and ideas through various expressions and materials identifiable with a given society (Browne, 2005, p.3). The cell phone is one of the most prevalent communication devices across the globe today. Nearly all teens and adults in America own at least one cell phone. When used while driving, the cell phone poses a grave danger to the driver and other road users. Unfortunately, the dangerous habit of texting while driving is extremely common on American roads and highways. There are two theories on popular culture that apply to the act and practice of texting while driving. The first theory is the theory of mass society, and the second theory is the theory of the culture industry. The Theory of mass society, cell phone and texting while driving The theory of mass society states that, popular culture is an intrinsic expression of the demands and aspirations of the people of a society. The cell phone itself is a cultural icon. In the American society, and especially amongst teens and the youths, cell phone is not only a communication device, but also an entertainment source and a status symbol. With its widespread use, the cell phone has been the subject of many popular myths that have no logical of scientific foundation. For instance, the widely held myth that radiation from cell phones affects the sperm quality of men persists with little empirical and scientific evidence to support it. The act of texting while driving is an expression of the status of modern society. As many Americans acquire cell phones and cars, the phenomena of texting while driving, however dangerous, is bound to occur. The average American engages in multiple tasks; therefore, the use of phones to send a quick message while driving is an expression of the contemporary American’s ever-busy schedule and almost ceaseless engagements. The Theory of Culture Industry, Cell phone Texting while Driving The theory of the culture industry states that popular culture is an expression of the schism of class within a society. According to this theory, popular culture is an expression of the beliefs, values, practices, and images (icons) of people of lower classes within a society. Within the context of the theory of culture, popular culture is almost equitable to an act of rebellion towards the higher class and authority. In the US, youths are most notorious for using their cell phones while driving. The act of texting while driving is perpetuated by the popular myth that the youths, especially women, can easily multitask. This myth highlights the almost superhuman abilities of a woman in performing various engaging tasks simultaneously. Although various campaigns and advertisements by government agencies seek to highlight t
Improving how the website can be found For e-business to be successful, it is important to market the most significant tool it posses, the website (Amor 1999). It is impossible for a random consumer to buy the products online if there is limited attraction on the site. Getting customers or traffic in a site is the most significant challenge Internet marketers or web designers’ face in e-business. The fundamental principle is if the products cannot be seen, then they cannot be bought (Jones 2011). To improve how potential online shoppers can find the site, it has to be highly ranked on search engines like Google (El-Aleem, El-wahed, Ismail, & Torkey 2005). To secure high ranking in Google or any other search engines, it is important to provide as many links as possible to the site. A highly linked site produces more and specific results on a search engine (Barnes 2000). When designing a site, it is important to consider exchanging links with other webmasters depending on the nature of e-business. On a site, links that depict active interest on another site are called back links. Getting as many back links as possible will persuade search engines that the website is important. It is also important to choose the key words carefully; it should reflect the content of the website (Jones 2011). The most applicable way of getting back links is by writing articles based on relevant keywords. The next step will be signing up to blogs, article directories and other related sites and posting the articles. The biggest challenge is that the search engine has to see new links on a regular basis; the articles therefore will be continuously posted. However, the process can be automated, a key concept of online marketing (Brinck 2002). Another method of improving how potential customers can find e-business site is through social networking. Social networks connect millions of people around the world where they interact and share information. A new research indicates that social networking sites like MySpace, Facebook and Twitter are defining the next competitive generation of online marketing. Studies indicate that a good number of social networkers trust their friends before making a major online shopping (Jones 2011). Metrics for measuring the success of e-business site Many businesses can easily measure the income and profits but find it hard to measure the success of e-business (Barnes & Hinton 2004). To measure the success of e-business sites, some metrics have been identified to give specific counts of particular elements (Jackson 2010). In traditional business metrics, financial reports give a steady stream of calculations that allow businesses to compare their performances from one period to another (Chaffey 2004). E-business is primarily different from traditional business and is the reason why inexperienced online companies have augmented market valuation (Cohan 2000). E-business allows easy connection between buyers and sellers and this decreases the cost of doing businesses (Barnes & Hinton 2004). Market trends indicators
Introduction Background of the study Oil spills are defined as the remittance of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons into the coastal waters. They are primarily predetermined by human activities. The United Arabs Emirates and the surrounding areas around the Arabian Gulf consist of oil reserves which are about 655 of the total oil reserves in the world. They are thus thought to be the largest reserves in the world. These reserves are of great economic importance to the people of the Arabian Gulf. The oil production rate of the region represents about 60% of the total oil production in the world (Al-Azab, El-Shorbagy & Al Ghaiz, 2005, p.187). It is estimated that the oil produced is carried by 25, 000 tankers traversing the Gulf region from 34 production points to the rest of the world. Therefore, heavy traffic is experienced in the Strait of Hormuz daily. This has raised concerns on the possibilities of these tankers colliding and causing oil spills (Al-Azab et al., 2005, p.187). According to reports released in 1994 on the issue of oil spills, about 15 collisions had occurred this year around the shores of the UAE (Al-Azab et al., 2005, p.188). In April 2001, a tanker carrying oil from Iraq sank On the Arabian Gulf coast near Jabal Ali. The scattered oil patches later spread all over the coastal waters of Dubai down to Mamzar coast and Jumeirah. Aim The report aims at exploring the various environmental effects of oil spills in the Arabian coast’s ecosystem in addition to the activities taking place to combat and reverse the effects. Scope The report entails an identification of the environmental effects of oil pollution on the ecosystem components, strategies for treatment of oil pollution, and the various ways of combating and prevention of oil spills. The report also recommends the most appropriate approaches to prevention and treatment of oil pollution. Environmental effects of oil pollution on the ecosystem components After an oil spill, the oil undergoes a series of changes involving physical, biological and chemical changes in the aquatic environments. In the UAE coastal waters, the spillage oil occurs as tarballs and surface oil patches especially around the “ROPME Sea Area (RSA)” (Al-Azab et al., 2005, p.188). The data collected after the 2001 oil spill involving a tanker carrying smuggled oil from Iraq has been employed in assessing the impact of the spill on the environment. According to the results obtained from a monitoring station in Dubai, the impact of the oil spills on the marine coastal environment is minimal despite the continuous industrialization activities taking place around Jabal Ali area (Al-Azab et al., 2005, p.189). The report also indicates that there are no changes in temperature, salinity, and pH. However, the post-monitoring studies in 2002 indicated a slight increase in temperature and salinity. This was attributed to the desalination processes taking place at DUBAL and DEWA whereby discharges from the “Power Generation and Desalination Plants” are released into the coastal waters. Other nutrients in the co
Nursing is considered a practice profession and needs various components such as patients, environment, and community. The practice involves nurses involving fellow healthcare workers and available resources for the optimum healthcare system provision (Allen, 2018). However, the lack of one aspect to be incorporated leads to alteration of the nursing practice. Additionally, the practice requires a nurse to be an advocate, researcher, and provider, bearing in mind the components of nursing practice. The practice of nursing involves nurses using holistic approaches in the provision of therapeutic interventions to ill patients. In addition, nurses will also need clinical judgment through knowledge acquired in their careers to provide care to individuals and families in a community to achieve wellness. In the process, the nurses will need to cooperate and communicate with patients and their relatives for efficient care delivery (Allen, 2018). For instance, if the patient cannot talk, the family member will give a brief history regarding the patient to the nurse to provide care to the patient. Therefore, the nursing practice entails nurses’ ability to have communication skills and use all components to provide adequate care to patients. For effective practice, the environment should be conducive for the nurse to provide services and the patient for optimal healing. Encouraging tidiness of floors, well-ventilated windows, and clean linens stimulate health activities to run smoothly. The environment entails the community’s beliefs, customs, and values. As the nurse provides services, the community’s culture and values should be respected. In return, the community will enhance a peaceful environment free from noise and other factors that can lead to disturbances (Hopkinson & Wiegand, 2017). In conclusion, the nursing practice is likened to an ecosystem that needs to incorporate nurses, people, the environment, and the community in order to enhance a practical and goal-oriented approach.