ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract The Grand Canyon is the second largest canyon in the world. The region has attracted a lot of tourists from various parts of the world for different reasons. Tourists come to this region for many reasons. Some of the tourists are scholars, while others are just holiday makers. The rocks of Grand Canyon were formed in a number of ways. The sedimentary rocks found in this place have been inexistence for a period of over 2 billion years. Various climatic conditions and environmental factors have reshaped the rocks in this place. Currently, the rocks exist in different layers, with each layer being unique. Introduction The Grand Canyon is one of the most visited places in the world due to its wonderful nature. According to Karl, the Grand Canyon is one of the largest tourist’s attractions in the world, drawing attention of both leisure and academic tourists. This scholar observes that this place is one of the most amazing sceneries around the globe. The rocks, the trees, and the animals found in the Grand Canyon National Park, and the general nature of this place has seen it make visitors come to the region several times. Thayer says that nature at times comes with many wonders. This scholar says that the nature at the Grand Canyon is breathtaking because there are a number of objects which are obviously defying nature. The nature of this place demonstrates a number of facts about the development of Grand Canyon. There are a number of natural sceneries in North America with some of the amazing features. However, the Grand Canyon presents something special to visitors who either come for leisure or for academic purposes. The caves in this place formed due to a number of natural activities, come in different shapes and sizes. The caves clearly demonstrate the strength of the rocks around it [1] . The rocks of the Grand Canyon are some of the most beautiful sceneries at this place. Kaiser says that the rocks of the Grand Canyon have attracted the attention of various scholars from different professions. The sedimentary rocks are arranged in beautiful layers of over 40 that are visible when one visits the Grand Canyon National Park. According to Abbott, there are about fourteen unconformities in geologic records which are in Grand Canyon. These are features that are obviously going against the law of nature. Understanding these rocks will require an understanding of the historical perspective of the development that took place, and which resulted into the sceneries at Grand Canyon. T
Automobile industry is one of the most developed economic sectors in the world, thus, any innovations in the field can contribute to the growth of your profits if you focus on expanding to a country which can be discussed as a right choice. Follow the successful experience of such giants of the automobile industry as Renault, Volkswagen, and Nissan and provide your organizations with a chance to achieve the similar successes. If your company is growth-minded and it is focused on expansion globally, Spain is the effective choice to complete your goals. Pay attention to many advantages of the Spanish market to start your organizational expansion successfully: 1) Spanish economy is traditionally discussed as rather mature because of the progress in the spheres of transportation and infrastructure and because of the high health and educational status of the country’s population. Being the member of the European Union, the economy of Spain can be discussed as protected from significant negative changes and extreme consequences of the global economic crisis. 2) The situation in Spain can be characterized with references to the positive macro-economic environment appropriate to stimulate the organizational expansion to the country. The economic growth rates demonstrate positive changes dependent on the general progress of the country in relation to its economic and social stability and progress. Wealth of society increases along with the people’s positive attitude toward free enterprises ( Spain: Index of Economic Freedom 2013, 2013). Thus, you will be provided with an opportunity to establish strong business relations with new partners within the industry because of the positive impact of the macro-economic factors on the automobile industry’s development. 3) It is important to focus on the increased profitability of the automobile industry in Spain because of the prolonged tradition to develop this industry and to contribute to investing. The automobile industry in Spain develops according to the principles of the controlled public spendings and investment freedom associated with business freedom in order to provide the companies with the opportunities to work to gain profits. While gaining profits in Spain, the company’s leaders can speak about the successful organizational expansion which is usually not the final goal, but the effective method to achieve it. 4) The legal nature of the country is also important. The rule of law is the main requirement to expand business activities to Spain. The country is open to intensive
Introduction Putin’s World: Russia Against the West and with the Rest covers the topic of resurgent Russia under the leadership of its President Putin from 2000 to this day. Although the book covers multiple aspects of Putin’s policies and their importance in reinforcing Russia’s role in the world, the primary focus of the text is still on international relations. One of the central topics of the book is the Russian-Chinese relationship and its development during Putin’s years in power. The author describes the close relationship between the two countries as one of the most significant aspects of Putin’s foreign policy, reinforced by the “strong ties” between Putin and Xi Jinping. 1 The book identifies “absolute sovereignty,” economic and geopolitical cooperation, and anti-Western agenda as common points shared by Russia and China, but the omission of military collaboration, logical blunders, and historical inaccuracies diminish its overall quality. Main body One of the book’s most notable successes in covering Russian-Chinese relationship during Putin’s years in power is correctly identifying the common political approach shared by Russian and Chinese ruling elites. In essence, this common approach consists in similar views on the national states and their sovereignty in the contemporary world. The author takes specific care to note that Russia and China alike are “both supporters of the concept of “absolute sovereignty”. 2 This approach means that both countries view themselves as self-sufficient powers that participate in mutually beneficial partnerships based on purely pragmatic considerations rather than form close long-term bonds based on a shared vision. This assessment is in line with the thinking of other scholars, who point that “neither China nor Russia stands for anything more than its own narrow self-interest”. 3 This approach allows them to maintain the freedom of maneuver in the increasingly turbulent international affairs without being constrained by any long-term political commitments. Thus, Putin utilizes the idea of “absolute sovereignty” to build a mutually beneficial, but still situational partnership with China, and this observation on Stent’s part finds support in the writings of other authors. Another vital aspect of Russian-Chinese relations under Putin is the economic and geopolitical cooperation between the two countries. Increasingly tight economic ties with China allowed Putin’s Russia to partially balance its “troubled relationship with Europe and the United States”. 4 Additionally, the two countries both have far-reaching geopolitical interests in Central Asia. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization emerged in 2001 with an explicit purpose of managing those. So far, this organization proved successful in balancing Russia’s and Chinese interests in Central Asia: while China exercises its econo
Introduction Surrealism was a period in art history from the mid-1920s to the late 1930s. Surrealism artists were influenced by psychological and subconscious ideas, which were advanced by various philosophers. These artists were mainly influenced by Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, and poets such as Louis Aragón. They conjured imaginative ideas from surrealist writings and created visual representations out of them that were not easily understood by many people. These images had a strong element of mystery, and they went beyond human rationality because they represented objects that did not exist physically. Surrealism artists internalized concepts from various published works to create visual objects that showed inner feelings and emotions of artists behind them. Famous surreal artists used different methods to bring their ideas to life. Their paintings displayed visual objects that seemed not to conform to any social ideals (Caws 28). Surrealism art expresses unique social and political messages that responded to various issues these artists witnessed in their time. This encouraged artists to paint provocative images that were controversial and seemed to rebel against conventional practices observed in many societies. Marcel Duchamp’s ‘Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors ‘ is an example of art forms done before the surrealist art whose key meaning was similar to many surrealist paintings. The objects displayed in this art form had a lot of sexual characteristics that seemed to question the sanctity of marriage as a cherished social practice. These visual expressions were a hallmark of surrealism art because it encouraged artists to create their unique works of art. Surrealist art flourished in an era when artists used their artistic skills to oppose dominant political, religious, and social issues. They challenged the power the elite had amassed as a result of their privileged social status. Therefore, surrealist art was mainly driven by the aspirations of artists who used distorted symbols to create art pieces that withstood the test of time (Caws 34). Surrealist artists relied on their imaginations to create dream-like art forms that defied conventional norms. Dream Like Attributes Art designs during the surrealism art period exposed the world to a new type of art. There were many artists who used their artistic license to create different types of art forms whose meanings were not easily understandable. During this period, artists were heavily influenced by liberal attitudes that made them defy logical explanations that sought to define real meanings behind their works. Surrealist art forms advance the state of an unconscious mind that imagines and creates unique visual shapes. They used free-flowing images which were different from the usual elements of art and design. Most surrealist art forms combined normal shapes and objects with dream-like features that distorted their appearance (Barnes 64). Objects in these art forms
Introduction The development of the American dream and its impact on the society of the United States is a pertinent topic of discussion for various authors. The possibilities provided by the concept and the claim for equal opportunity, although bearing positive intent, had several negative consequences for the American citizens. The novel The Great Gatsby , written by Francis Scott Fitzgerald, perfectly captures the decay of the principles of liberty and fair opportunity, demonstrating the change from individualism to monetary corruption through the main characters’ behavior. Towards a Better Future: The Significance of Equal Opportunity The age of the 1920s depicted in The Great Gatsby differs significantly from the original notions of the American dream established after World War I. Although the initial ideas behind this concept embraced equality and the possibility of happiness for each American citizen, these elements have changed tremendously over the years. The availability of fair opportunity for everyone and the potential to acquire a better social status for lower classes have originated the search for easy wealth, corrupting social values and numerous individuals. Fitzgerald elaborates on the negative changes in American society through the American dream. In the novel, this idea does not represent discovery or liberty but becomes a desire for monetary wealth through any means possible. Carraway notes that “Americans, while occasionally willing to be serfs, have always been obstinate about being peasantry” (Fitzgerald 68). Thus, poverty is viewed condescendingly, and financial prosperity, rather than morality and personal integrity, are presumed one’s positive qualities. Gambling, bootlegging, and adultery become the primary strategies for accomplishing the necessary goals, and the American dream itself becomes the symbol of corrupted social values. The Illusions of the Past in the American Dream Young Jay Gatsby demonstrates the opportunity and the accessibility of success for people who were not born into the upper class. Having received the monetary funds only recently, he can be considered a beacon of hope for those who desire to alter their financial situation. Nevertheless, as it is further explained in the novel, Gatsby had secured his profits through illegal means in an attempt to impress Daisy Buchanan (Fitzgerald 100). Although at first, the American dream is supposed to symbolize success and equality, it becomes evident that the overall idea of fa
Introduction This paper reflects on the political changes that happened in Russia. Moreover, the paper analyses the Russia political scene and why reforms in the country have to be certain. Russian is a weak authoritarian nation that has been faced social problems due to ineffective leadership. Democratic governance of the nation has been widely debated in the European community in order to resolve different negative trends. The main political reforms implemented by Boris Yeltsin, the president who was elected in June 1991, were reversed during the five-year term of President Vladimir Putin. Putin was elected the president of Russia when Yeltsin resigned. Political changes that happened in the federation (especially creation of the assassination of outspoken journalists, suppression of multi-party politics, and strengthening of authoritarianism rule by the president and media ownership concentration) indicated negatives changes. This let to Russian leadership change from liberal democracy to dictatorship and authoritarianism (Belin, 2000, p.14). Russian electorate revealed that president Putin was still immensely popular, though some opinion poll reports showed that the president’s strategies were not influential and never appealed to majority of the people who felt exploited. Furthermore, perception from other nations provi
Introduction Africa suffers from several problems that stem from weak social, political, and economic systems. Granted, most countries in the continent have their challenges, but at the heart of their problems is the lack of proper education. This problem persists, although many observers agree that empowering the people to think and formulate their own solutions is integral to the continent’s progress (Okwany & Wazir, 2016). Consequently, the lack of proper educational opportunities (especially for Africa’s young population) has caused generations of missed opportunities that could help create meaningful progress for them and their respective communities. Indeed, as Ennis-Smith (2013) says, “education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world” (p. 104). Many charity organizations in Africa have tried to tackle Africa’s social, political, and economic problems differently. However, many of them have failed to register a meaningful impact because they do not realize the importance of educating the continent’s youngest generations. Instead, most of them focus on giving “handouts” or creating short-term solutions to otherwise long-term and perennial problems affecting the continent (Okwany & Wazir, 2016). Asante Africa is a charity organization that operates in East Africa and recognizes the magnitude of the continent’s problems. It is different from most charity organizations in Africa because it emphasizes the need to educate the continent’s young population as a way of solving its problems and empowering local communities (Asante Africa Foundation, 2017). This paper is a plea to contribute financially to this organization because it serves an important role in bridging the education gap that exists among the marginalized population in East Africa. Doing so will be akin to making an important and positive impact on the continent and, by extension, the larger global community because the education gap in East Africa is worse than any other part of the world. Moreover, the region’s young people are eager to learn and could potentially make an important contribution to their lives, families, and communities. Nonetheless, before delving deeper into these issues, it is, first, important to understand the history of Asante Africa . About Asante Africa Founded in 2006 by two educationists, Erna Grasz and Emmy Moshi, Asante Africa has established itself in Kenya and Tanzania by increasing access and quality of education to local communities (Asante Africa Foundation, 2017). Initially, the organization started its operations by formulating programs to increase access to education for two villages in the two countries. However, it eventually grew to provide educational support to more than 22 villages in the aforementioned countries (Asante Africa Foundation, 2017). By fostering meaningful partnerships with more than 18 entities, the organization has also been able to impact more than 25,000 students in Africa and increased the capacity of mo
Introduction Just like any other period, the gilded age is associated with various changes in America and is linked with modernization of America. There were a lot of changes in the United States of America during the nineteenth century as the nation transformed from agricultural, secluded, rural, and traditional society to an industrialized, integrated, and urban & knowledge society. There was the emergence of a modern industrial economy that brought about effective and efficient communication and transport networks among other benefits. Although this period is considered to have had positive effects to the American economy, the benefits were unevenly distributed and there were attractive features on the surface while people suffered underneath from aspects of corruption. Mass society entails looking at the people as one and undifferentiated, which cannot be completely achieved. The few people with powers took advantage of the opportunity over the majority who had no powers and exploited them. Drama and theater One of the most notable incidents was the changes in the drama and theatre sectors in the United States of America. There were a lot of external influences on the American theatre before the Gilded Age but it was now possible to produce stars, writers, and quality stage performers internally with little or no foreign influences. Musical theatre that combined both music and dance in performance also emerged and the United States could now compete with others for instance, in Europe and England since they were now nearly at the same level. America received musical entertainment from France and England during the nineteenth century but towards its end, Victor Herbert from America was able to produce his own musical entertainment, for example, the Prince Ananias, the Wizard of the Nile and the Serenade after which other persons came up with other musical entertainment. There was also a lot of improvement in drama and changes in perspectives of the people towards it as people learnt to appreciate it as opposed to associating it with immorality as it was the case initially. People stopped depending on external productions like Shakespeare and created their own productions. For example, American melodrama became popular than the melodramas from England and Europe. However, there were distinctions of people on class of basis as some would not afford to pay for the dramas. All these improvements were made possible due to technological advances brought about by industrial revolution (Hughes, 2010). Leisure There was change in leisure perspectives. Due to growth of consumption and work, there was increased interest in leisure activities as a way of utilizing time away from work especially in the evenings and on vacations. Sports Sports was another aspect of concern in the gilded age as many games for instance outdoor tennis, basketball, and golf
Executive Summary TRUenergy is an energy company with its headquarters in Melbourne Australia. It was founded in the year 1995 where it was involved with the generation of electricity and the retailing of both natural gas and electricity. The company consists of both retail assets and generation assets which are purchased and owned by CLP which is Hong Kong based. The company is also known to be a supplier of electricity to homesteads and many businesses estimated to be at around 1.2 million businesses in the entire Australia. Above the retail major, the company also boasts of other portfolios like industrial customers, commercial customers, energy assets, storage of underground natural gas, an agreement with ecogen for gas fired electricity adding up to 966 megawatts and various power stations like Yallourn and Hallet. The company is the sole one in Australia which has dedicated its commitment to both short and long term greenhouse reduction in the energy sector. The approach for the company on the greenhouse gasses effect is to cut down its entire greenhouse gaseous emissions by over 60 percent by the year 2050. To add on, this particular company has embarked on spending millions of dollars on its clean energy portfolio and much more on its commitments and efforts towards the solar systems based on Melbourne. This is a progress that allowed the company to be able to construct a very efficient concentrated solar station in the world over. Truenergy has also joined hands with Roaring 40s, a Tasmania based hydro company. It has 50% stakes in this company which is focused on the development of wind farms in India, china and also Australia (BloombergBusinessweek 2010). The company also has some other clean energy production departments and systems as follows:   * A natural gas system in Wollongong which will be providing gas fired electricity to over 200,000 individuals.   * A deal with Petratherm to steer geothermal power   * Study of the reduction of greenhouse emissions from brown coal   * Commissioning and construction of the 180MW Mallee solar park. Finance and economy The company has been able to have economic and financial support from various organizations which have boosted its production. The recent boost by the government of the state of Victoria enabled it to deal with the Mallee solar park. This plant can be able to produce an additional 180 megawatts which is enough electricity for close to over 60,000 homes in the country. This move has helped the organization to avert the production of 11, 000, 000 tons of the emitted carbon to the atmosphere. In another move against pollution through carbon emissions, the organization pushes for an increase in the price charged at carbon emissions. If this move can be effected by the government duly, companies would dare to spend more on alternative means like the current $2.8 mill