ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The article provides a comprehensive report of research carried out in the Lake Malawi region in Malawi, Africa. The study was carried out between 2013 and 2014, and the article was published in March 2014. The aim was to investigate the evolution of animals around the lake, specifically examining the change of body shapes in populations of cichlids that lives on rocks near the lake (1). Thus, the research was carried under the knowledge that animals around the lake were experiencing an evolution in order to adapt to certain environmental conditions in the region. The article provides a report of the background, problem, methodology, results, and conclusions of the study. This paper attempts to develop a comprehensive review of the article in order to examine its worthiness in expanding or contributing to the expansion of the existing knowledge in evolutional biology. Study problem The study aimed at examining the existence of this phenomenon in mbuna cichlids. Study hypothesis In light of the ecological theory noted in this study, the researchers hypothesized that slight but significant ecological differences have occurred alongside sexual signals, and a correlation exists between the divergence of sexual traits and the divergence of ecological traits (3). Study question The study attempts to answer the following questions from an empirical perspective.   * Are there significant ecological differences accompanying sexual signals in Lake Malawi cichlids? (1)   * Is there a significant correlation between the divergence of sexual traits and divergence of ecological traits in Lake Malawi cichlids? (1) Significance of the study The researchers aimed at contributing to the growing body of knowledge in the evolution of animals inhabiting the same ecosystem. Modern studies are attempting to examine the impact and progress of evolution in living things (4). Among the less studied living
Joyas Voladoras Essay: Introduction The “Joyas Voladoras” essay by Brian Doyle speaks of hummingbirds and hearts, the life of whales, and the life of man. That’s a profound reflection on life, death, and the experiences in between. In other words, the essay examines the similarity of every creature on Earth. In this paper, I make an analysis of the piece of literature, describe its main ideas, identify the author’s purpose, and share my impressions about Joyas Voladoras. When reading the essay, one cannot help but be immersed in the distinct imagery created by the writer. In Joyas Voladoras, Brian Doyle elaborates on the fierceness of life embodied in hummingbirds and creates a sharp image of a small beating heart for the reader, a heart producing billion heartbeats infinitesimally but strongly, faster even than our own. He elaborates both scientifically and metaphorically. At the same time, he structures this particular piece of prose in such a way that people who read it should not concentrate on the scientific, for that is all that they will see. Instead, they should examine the essay in terms of the metaphoric. After literary analysis it is clear that “Joyas Voladoras” is filled with metaphorical symbolism . Let’s take as an example the following phrase in one of the paragraphs: “ the animals with the largest hearts in the world generally travel in pairs .” While scientific in appearance, it is a metaphor for love in which the essay states that people with love in their hearts are never alone. Even references made by Doyle to the Hummingbird are another metaphoric symbolism of the abruptness of love and the value which we should place on it. Basing on the various metaphorical symbols seen throughout Joyas Voladoras, one can say that the text symbolizes different kinds of love in the world and the way they are experienced. The Symbolism of Brian Doyle’s Hummingbird If one would pose a question of how to interpret the different animals portrayed in “Joyas Voladoras” essay as various aspects of love, then the Doyle’s Hummingbird could be symbolic of the concept of Eros or “erotic love.” This type of love is more commonly associated with the first stages of a relationship wherein love is based on physical traits, intense passion, and sudden affection. The intensity of the Hummingbird’s beating heart is symbolic of the passionate energy of love based on Eros. The description of a “flying jewel” attributed to the Hummingbird is similar to how the love, based on Eros, is considered to be flashy and noticeable. Identical to
Introduction It is the duty of managers to ensure that the success of the organization and the welfare of employees get first priority. However, managers are often required to make a lot of commitments while arriving at certain decisions to avoid any regrets or resentments thereafter. In such a situation, a manager has to do what is morally right and ethical for the organization and its employees. In the case scenario, Wireweave is overhauling its workforce after having adopted new technology which will be more effective, efficient, and cost effective compared to the old technology. This is aimed at enabling the organization to make a profit. Muriell Fincher, the personnel director at Wireweave faces the challenge of designing a work reduction policy that will bring about organizational change. Scope of the problem The current case involves a lot of moral and ethical issues. From the perspective of the Company’s president, Wireweave needs to get rid of some employees as it can no longer sustain their wages (Leffler, 1999). Like any other organization, the ultimate goal of Wireweave is to make profits and reduce its operational costs. Although this is a very challenging decision, the personnel manager has to incorporate a policy that will be acceptable to both sides. The policy would see 65 employees leave the company as will further employee reduction exercise schedule in the future. Major issues Once an organization has adopted a new technology, this gives it a competitive advantage in the market. Even as the organization wishes to reduce its operational costs, it is also important to consider the welfare of the employees. These are two conflicting issues and the personnel manager has to design a work reduction policy that would be favorable tor both sides. Alternatives In every scenario, there are always choices or alternatives available to enable one get out of that particular situation. The different alternatives available to Fincher will depend on the ethical and economic responsibilities of the company towards the employees being terminated. They will also be determined by the moral problems that may arise as a result of terminating the services of some of the employees, and the pressure on the president to make a prompt decision (Leffler, 1999). The alternatives include communicating with the employees and explaining to them the organizational change to be incorporated in the reduction policy (Kreitner, 2009). The advantage of this alternative is that employees feel appreciated and this is likely to increase the morale of the retained employees. The disadvantage is that some employees may not be willing to embrace the new change. The second alternative is to draw a policy without involving the employees. This would lead to their termination without notice and could result in lawsuits and a bad reputation for the company. However, this is an effective alternative because it is an immediate action that does not involve compromise. The last option is to develop a policy plan that would lead to c
The selected scene from El Mariachi, which contains an example of oppositional genre variations, is the one when the main character enters the bar searching for a job. In this piece, he is presented as a strong person in contrast to other people, including the owner of the place. However, the musician’s strength is not in visible masculinity as it is typically suggested by the genre but in his artistic abilities. In this part of the film, the mariachi challenges genre conventions, according to which he is supposed to possess significant physical skills. However, he does not correlate with a hero of this kind as his qualities which distinguish the man from others, are displayed as “culture and morality” (Berg, 2002, p. 235). This subversion is performed by emphasizing the mentioned characteristics in the dialogues when this character says that his songs would give “more style or class to the place” (“El Mariachi,” 1992). His actions correspond to the perceptions of a creative person who strives to express himself with the help of music and avoids fighting. As a viewer, I find this technique effective as it not only accurately depicts the difference between the people involved in the story but also refers to the inner world of the characters. In conclusion, the described scene from El Mariachi clearly engages in oppositional genre variations as it does not follow the stereotypes of a physically strong hero. This type of protagonist is substituted by a shy musician, whose virtue is morality. Challenging this aspect seems critical for the film as it allows the viewers to decide what qualities they value most. As a result, the adopted method is suitable for addressing this goal. Works Cited Berg, Charles Ramírez. Latino Images in Film: Stereotypes, Subversion, and Resistance. University of Texas Press, 2002. El Mariachi. Directed by Robert Rodriguez, performance by Carlos Gallardo, Columbia Pictures, Los Hooligans Productions, 1992.
The article “Hollywood Asks California to cut Taxes for the Film Industry” discusses a petition launched by Film Works aimed at convincing the state of California to implement tax cuts for the film industry. Film Works is a company that advocates for the rights of stakeholders in film production and distribution. In order to make the petition successful, the company launched an online appeal in order to elicit support from film enthusiasts. The company’s main goal is to lobby for creation of tax incentives that will boost the growth of the film industry in California (Daily Caller News Foundation, 2014). Many states have implemented tax incentives for their film industries. Therefore, California is in danger of losing film producers, actors, and distributors to these states. Hollywood put California on the world map for being the unrivaled hub of film production in the world. However, this is changing due to the decline of the film industry in the state. The reason for the petition is burgeoning operating costs that have curtailed growth (Pomerantz, 2014). In the past decade, costs have increased significantly. Many states have created incentives like tax credits in order to encourage film production (Daily Caller News Foundation 2014). According to Film Works, failure to pass tax-cuts legislation might lead to loss of California’s monopoly in film production. The state is at risk of losing to other states because of lack of competitiveness (Daily Caller News Foundation 2014). Lowering taxes will give production companies an opportunity to compete effectively with upcoming companies around the country. Film Works bases the argument on what happened decades ago when California lost its competitive edge in the aerospace industry. It failed to create tax incentives that would encourage companies to invest more money in the state. Companies moved to states that had better business environments. Thousands of jobs were lost and the rate of unemployment soared (Daily Caller News Foundation 2014). It is important for the governor to act swiftly because the film industry has experienced significant decline in the last decade. For instance, between 2005 and 2013, the state lost 8,500 jobs (Daily Caller News Foundation 2014). According to the petition, Film Works ascribes loss of jobs to a declining market share of one-hour TV series by 38% (Daily Caller News Foundation 2014). A report released by the San Francisco Film Commission revealed that loss of the aforementioned jobs had a twofold effect. First, it raised the rate of unemployment in California, and second, it affected the economy. According to the report, the economy loses about $112,000 for every job lost in the film industry (Daily Caller News Foundation 2014). The feature-film sector has also experienced significant decline in the past fifteen years. The decline prompted the state to give an incentive of $100 million in tax cuts (Daily Caller
Introduction The book is a true story of the reason behind the success of the Wright brothers in inventing an aircraft. Just as the title suggests, the book is a detailed history of the invention of the aircraft by the Orville and Wilbur Wright. The book also presents a step by step outlook on how the Wrights researched and strived in various ways in their bid to make an aircraft. It is a story on how the patience and determination of Orville and Wilbur Wright on a road mount with risks and uncertainties finally saw them give something to the world that will always remember them for their invention. Book Overview The writer of this book review personally thinks that the author did well to write about the two people that ushered the aerial age into the world. The two authors of this book, Magoun and Hodgins, are prolific writers and researchers with vast experience in this sector. They have written dozens of other books mostly relating to air travel. The credibility of these authors is therefore not to be doubted. The information presented in the book has a high level of accuracy and is free from any flaw. Moreover, the facts presented alongside the story of Orville and Wilbur are scientifically proven and nothing is based on illusions or assumptions. Because of the above reason, the book attracts a huge audience especially from those in the scientific field. This is because some of the terms used in the book can only be understood if the reader has substantial knowledge of scientific jargon. Book Analysis The main issue discussed in the book is the use of creative and critical thinking as driving forces to innovation. This is seen where Orville and Wilbur Wright apply the above skills to eventually come up with something that would make air travel possible. Prior to the invention of the aircraft by the Wright brothers, it was unimaginable that air travel would ever be possible. However, this was made possible by the application of creative and innovative skills to overcome the barriers and fears that had blinded the society. The case of Orville and Wilbur lends credence to the fact that almost anything is possible for anyone who dares to think creatively and critically. Another significant item discussed in the book is the importance of research. The book attributes the success of the Wright brothers to their never-ending urge to research and know more. Before successful invention of the aircraft, Orville and Wilbur spent most of their time conducting research. This is because they realized the great impact that the research would have on their work. According to the book, the two Wright brothers used the materials of Cayley, Langley and Otto Lilienthal among others in the course of their research. The two also used simple techniques such as observing large gliding birds. During the research, they come across problems that other aeronautics might have experienced in their time. This helps them prepare for what is coming by looking for solutions to these problems before they try their hand at flying. The boo
Introduction The mental health of individuals is one of the major concerns of the U.S. healthcare sector. The tendency towards the gradually increasing level of pressure caused by society on people preconditions the growth in stress rates. Additionally, complex economic situations, environmental factors, crime, disasters, and personal issues can also be considered stressors that might trigger the development of the disease and lay the ground for the appearance of multiple complications. That is why there is a critical need for improved monitoring in this sphere and effective intervention. Unfortunately, the scope of the problem and the complexity of the given task becomes a serious challenge to various states and authorities. For instance, the current state of mental health care in Louisiana can be considered catastrophic as there are multiple problems that demand immediate intervention and resolution. The presented paper outlines the existing situation in the given sector, factors that contributed to its appearance, and offers possible approaches to improve it. Background Discussing the given problem, Hurricane Katrina’s landfall in 2005 can be considered one of the root causes of the emergence and development of critical issues in Louisiana. Devastations of the main elements of infrastructure preconditioned the dramatic decrease in the effectiveness of care provision (Potash, 2008). The healthcare sector of the state has been trying to recover pre-storm resources to be able to help all individuals who returned after the natural disaster (Potash, 2008). However, it turned out to be a severe challenge, as mental health services did not follow the residents’ return (Potash, 2008). Reports state that out of 208 psychiatrists who worked in New Orleans, only 42 remained (Potash, 2008). Additionally, the number of beds available for mentally ill patients reduced from 487 to 190 (Potash, 2008). Along with the substantial harm done to healthcare units in the area, it resulted in the sector’s inability to assist patients with mental problems and contribute to their recovery. The situation signalized the need for intervention and improvement; however, it continued to deteriorate and preconditioned a crisis that can still be observed today. Budget Cuts Another factor that has a significant negative impact on the state of mental care in Louisiana is a chain of budget cuts in observed years. It limited caregivers in their ability to provide appropriate care to patients, especially those who have mental illnesses. At the moment, Louisiana holds the lowest rank in spending on mental health care if compare with the other 43 states (LBP, 2018). The lack of financing and state investment preconditions the further evolution of the crisis and the use of ineffective policies to deal with the problematic situation. The bigger part of these cuts took place in the last decade during the rule of Bobby Jindal, who failed to repair the health sector (Sayre, 2018). As a result, specialists working in the sphere do not get the needed training, and caregivers are deprived of a chance to help patients because of the limited resources available to them. Hospitals Poor
The beginning of Part IV of Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment depicts the acquaintance of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov who came to introduce himself personally. He reveals that it was not his only motive for coming, as Svidrigailov was seeking Raskolnikov’s help because he wanted to see his sister, Avdotya Romanovna or simply Dunya (Dostoevsky 222). He says that he is concerned about her welfare but without Raskolnikov’s support she will not accept the proposition for the interview. Dunya is engaged to Luzhin, but Svidrigailov believes that they are not meant to be together. So, he wants to see her and assist her rupture with Luzhin and make her a present of ten thousand rubles (Dostoevsky 230). The motive for this gift is that Svidrigailov realizes that he might have caused some trouble to Dunya in the past, so he wants to reclaim his fault in her eyes, without any self-interest. In addition to that, he came to let Raskolnikov know that his sister is mentioned in the will of Marfa Petrovna, Svidrigaylov’s deceased wife, who left three thousand rubles to her (Dostoevsky 232). What we find out about Svidrigailov from his conversation with Raskolnikov is that he is a man who is not interested in others’ opinions, especially when these opinions are about him and his behavior. Moreover, he is a man not without connections, who has many friends, makes new acquaintances easily and quickly, is well-dressed and rich, idle and deprave (Dostoevsky 225, 230). Moreover, we see him as one who believes in ghosts, as Svidrigailov claims that his deceased wife, Marfa Petrovna, often visits him and even talks to him, and stresses that all his stories are true because he rarely lies (Dostoevsky 227-228). Bearing in mind Svidrigailov’s motives, we can say that he is a man of honor, as he wants to compensate his fault in Dunya’s eyes and worries about her future. However, remembering that Svidrigailov had feelings for Avdotya Romanovna, even though he claims that they have gone away, we cannot be sure that his intentions are pure.
To resolve conflict amicably, human resource managers should engage the conflicting parties to find out the stage of conflict. The pre-conflict stage is where either one or all parties in conflict realize the divergence in ideas or interests. At this stage, tensions begin to develop and if the differences are not resolved, there is potential for confrontation. At the confrontation stage, one side or both side express their dissatisfaction with a given situation. At the confrontation stage, other individuals, not party to the conflict, begin to take sides and gather information on the conflict (Fisher, 2007, p. 25). At the crisis stage, the conflict has escalated and the situation may be irreversible if preventive measures are not implemented fast. One or both parties in conflict may exhibit violent or aggressive behavior towards each other. Mapping out conflict begins with identifying who the parties in the conflict are, their relationship, and the issue under contention. After mapping out the conflict, the arbitrator should use negotiations to help the conflicting parties to reach a place where all parties are comfortable with the situation (Scott, 2010, p.123). The arbitrator should encourage the involved parties to compromise in a bid to realize a solution. If the parties do not want to compromise, the arbitrator can use coercion and threats to get them to resolve the conflict amicably. The concepts of stages in conflict resolution, conflict mapping, and tactics in resolving conflict give a summary of conflict management strategies. Therefore, being a team leader, I will be able to encourage positive conflict management by using the three concepts to manage the differences in my team.