ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The major revenues that spas receive come from goods and services combined, having the ratio between the two of them varying noticeably. The industry average for the sales of products is considered to stand at about fifteen percent of the overall revenue received by spas (Cohen & Bodeker 2008). Some of the spas are found to report less than ten percent of the total revenue while others report high figures that go to even sixty five percent. Recently, there has been an increase in the product sales and at the present; it is regarded as being a significant portion of the spa revenue. A larger share of sales originates from the cosmetic as well as topical products instead of foods or clothing or homeware (Yablonski & Mancuso 2007). The trends that have come up recently within the cosmetic industry indicate higher demand for the products that are based on “natural, organic and fairly traded ingredients and those which take into account global environmental issues” (Cohen & Bodeker 2008, p. 222). Demand for completely natural commodities has brought in some industry issues regarding such products’ safety and how the regulation for the production as well as marketing of these products is carried out (SCCNFP, 1999). Considering spas, the trend in these for creating of signature commodities is debated on a regular basis. There are a large number of varied views on this subject (DTI 2005). In this paper, it is going to be found out that when choosing products for the spas, it is quite vital to identify individual requirements of the spa and work out the benefits of the private label products against the established brands. Spa Product Design A larger number of products that are sold and utilized in spas “come under the trade marking classification of cosmetics”( Trade Mark Classification 2008, p.1). There are several similarities between the cosmetic products which are classified as either “retail or spa” (Schueller & Romanowski 2008). The ones classified as ‘retail’ are mostly sold via department stores, while the distribution of those classified as ‘spa’ is carried out via spas, with not all of these products “sold to the end user but simply used by therapists in treatments” (Cohen & Bodeker 2008, p.222). The common characteristics that exist between these two classes of products, with the selling of both of them currently being carried out in either marketplace, are now becoming more and more noticeable. But on the other hand, the major difference is found in the product’s efficiency as well as its compatibility when utilized in a treatment to facilitate delivery of gains to a customer ( Spa Source the Essential Guide to Spa Development , 2007). A spa is supposed to have various products in order to help in the carrying out of all the treatments that are put down in the menu. While the industry has realized growth, the range of body and facial treatments being offered has as well grown ( Living with Your Sense of Smell 1992). This implies that the products that are required can “range from a highly scientific
What benefits can be expected by your company if small businesses are considered in the subcontract solicitation process? Sometimes companies should involve subcontractors in the execution of contracts if such a requirement is determined in the tender documentation. There are several benefits expected considering small business in the contract solicitation process. According to US Small Business Administration (SBA) (2020), the agency aimed “to ensure a balanced proportion of purchases and contracts or subcontracts for property and services for the Government to maintain and strengthen the overall economy of the Nation” (p. 3). When deciding to attract small businesses as subcontractors, it is necessary to minimize project risks and maximize the project’s expected value. Engaging third-party firms makes it possible to speed up complex tasks and improve the quality of work performed. Benefits include a potential reduction in the overall project duration due to small businesses’ involvement with higher qualifications than planned. Besides, subcontractors’ participation allows the company to use additional and the company’s resources for other important projects. Moreover, the company that won the government contract may not always complete all work under the contract autonomously. For example, the project requires complex equipment or qualified specialists, which the winner does not have or their number is insufficient. In this case, co-executors’ involvement will help the prime contractor fulfill the obligation on time, without fines and penalties. Furthermore, SBA emphasizes another vital concern in terms of 2020 circumstances. Every project that involves small businesses is a win-win situation for the US nation in general, contractors and their workers, and the communities (Federal government exceeds small business contracting goals, 2020). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, it is essential to recover the national prosperity after the economic crisis. To what extent will adding these requirements mean additional costs will be incurred in administration and reporting of compliance? For each task, it is necessary to assess the most severe risks associated with its implementation, the company’s skills and resources, and subcontractors’ facilities and resources. Prime contractors often perform various types of work such as preparation of a feasibility study for an investment project, selection of technologies, choice of equipment suppliers, control of the volume and quality of work, ri
Introduction The Netherlands is one of the states forming the European Union. It is exhibiting economic growth and stability due to foreign trade. In the European Union, the Netherlands ranks 5th in economic status and development because it has stable industrial development, minimal inflation, low unemployment rates, considerable surplus in trade, and it plays a central role in transportation in Europe. The Netherlands has well established industries in petroleum refining, chemicals manufacturing, food processing, and electrical machinery. These industries contribute significantly to economic growth and development in the country. Moreover, the Netherlands depends on agriculture as an economic activity that contributes significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP). According to Organization for Economic Corporation and Development (OEDC), mechanization in the agricultural sector enables the Netherlands to employ about 2.5 per cent of labor force and generates surplus products for exports (9). With the population of approximately 16 million, the Netherlands has the potential to sustain its economic growth amidst intermittent global economic crises. In a bid to enhance understanding of the Netherlands’ economy, this essay provides an overview in aspects such as GDP growth, inflation trends, unemployment rates, major industries, exports versus imports, and trading partners. GDP Growth Over the last few decades, the GDP of the Netherlands has been fluctuating in response to prevailing conditions of the world economy. The Netherlands is very sensitive to the world economy because it relies mainly on trade, which is subject to international factors of trading. In 1970s and 1980s, the Netherlands experienced economic crisis that slowed its GDP growth and caused economic stagnation. In response to the economic crisis, the government put appropriate measures in place to reduce the impact of global economic crisis. “Emerging from deep recession and high unemployment in the early 1980s, the economy shifted to a pace of growth more rapid than that in neighboring economies, and posted a rise in employmen
Grey Zone is a film by the director Tim Blake Nelson (2001). The plot of the film is based partially on Miklos Nyiszli’s Auschwitz: a Doctor’s Eyewitness Account (who was a Jew working as a doctor in camp and assisted Mengele during the experiments on cam prisoners) and on diaries found buried in the cam (Blackwelder n. p.). It is a true story that tells about a group of Sonderkommandos who worked in the Nazis crematoria. They were offered to work there in exchange for few more months of “a better life”: clean linen, better food and the advantage of walking across the territory of the camp. The Sonderkommandos are the Jew prisoners. Their work is to burn the bodies of people (Jews mainly) killed in the gas chambers. Only one group of Sonderkommandos № 12 is going to rebel and make a diversion while destroying the crematorium which can help stop the horror at least for some time. The film is very realistic and impressive. Apart from depicting the real events of the time, the director focus attention on the human relations, “quintessential human predicament”, moral, love, betrayal, brotherhood, mercy and other good human traits that were lost during the war. The main idea of the film is to show how people can remain “people” under terrible conditions. The intention of the author was not only to depict a true historical situation, but examine human behavior and attitudes. The film is really thought provoking. Tim Blake Nelson puts the characters of the film in situations which make them decide, either save their personal lives despite of other people’s fate, or take risk and let a “human” part of them head the situation. One of such situations is when the prisoners planning the diversion find a 13 year old girl who was saved by a miracle in the gas chamber. Thus, they have to decide, either save the girl, or save their lives. The realism of the film lies in the depiction of true historic, social and economic settings. As we know, the Jews were hunted by the Nazi army. The pictures in the film are the ones that really were observed during the war. As the film is based on the live memories, we can stay assure that what we see is what really happened. We can observe how people behaved and what they felt. Social line is also described very realistic. We can observe how people had to kill their countrymen in order to save their lives. Thus, the author of the film is trying to say that the war topsy-turned the lives of people and changed their priorities. The authenticity of the film makes it different from other Holocaust pictures. As Blake mentions about his characters: “The characters aren’t cowering in cor
Professor James Orr’s exegesis The first chapters are the ones that precede the times of Abraham. These chapters are unique in their own form. However, those books do carry with them the reflection of what later on happens in the bible. This is quite evident in the book of Exodus. The issues covered by the book of Genesis are pertinent to Orr’s expose. The first major issue has to do with the creation story. This is actually the first account as postulated in the Book of Genesis. The first chapter acts as a very strong thesis statement of what will follow in the narrative. To make things sweeter, the chapter introduces creation: that there was nothing before other than the word, which in essence stood for God Himself. This is an account that has no match even in the most beautifully crafted literature. It is the mother of all introductions. It for instance gives an account of how the world came into existence. This account throws one into a deep sense of how he or she was created. By this, everything in this account is fully drunken in. this very doctrine of creation solely assures many Christians of how they came to be. It shows that all creation is beholden to God. Without Him, we would not exist now. This does not, however, belong to human beings alone, but to all creatures, plants, and things that we can see or perceive. Orr poses the question of whether there would be anything in the universe that was crafted out of God’s creation account. This would be a curious situation. In fact, according to Orr, this would be a big cause for worry. We could be asking ourselves what the thing could be capable of. That is why the quoted verse: “My help cometh from the Lord which made heaven and earth”, does not only comfort but also give great assurance that God is the supreme architect of the whole creation. According to Orr, chapter two to four offers the very second narrative of creation. Many usually feel that it contradicts the first account. Its first words are “the day the Lord God made Earth and Heaven”. However, this is not so. Many think it is about the creation of heaven and earth that is why they say it contradicts the first account. But this is not so. According to a critic Mr. Dillmann the second narrative exclusively refers to the creation of the earth and heavenly bodies but with God’s relationship and essence for the human beings, who, we are told, was created in His own image. This is the point of view that should be assumed to clearly understand this account. That is why what moves one in this account is the story of temptation and damnation of man, as a result. This Fall of man perhaps gives an inkling of how everything else in the Bible flows. The very Fall of a man at this stage goes to a greater extent to explain to us the state of affairs of the things that follow later on. For example, it aids perfect will and the consequences, coupled with later restitution. It actually makes the New Testament relevant to us as we see Jesus Christ die for our sins. The story of Cain and Abel provides a strong symbolism to this state of affairs. It forms an image that can
Introduction The modern business environment is increasingly competitive. New technologies in the market mean that old technologies are growing obsolete far much faster. New start up companies are emerging which replicate the successes of established firms at a much lower overheads. Layoffs and cost cutting initiatives are increasing being countered by lawsuits and industrial strikes. However, in this competitive business environment the company executives are increasing under pressure to deliver value for their shareholders. In this context, acquisitions and mergers are increasingly becoming viable options to business reengineering, value generation, value retention and business efficiency promotion. Metz (2001) notes that, “…acquisitions are strategic alternatives that can help companies promote a better way of doing business and maintain their competitive edge over the long run. Acquisitions can help companies attain strategic goals more quickly, promote operational change, and attack markets where its technologies can produce higher levels of growth” (p.1). However, in the modern economic context an increasing number of acquisitions are failing for various reasons. Reasons for acquisition failing Accor
Ethics is generally concerned about how people act according to some measured standard while determining that people are doing the right thing. John Rohr defines ethics as doing deeds that avoid evil (Rohr, 1978). Public administration scholars define ethics as general prescriptive rules that guide behavior. Swain & Duke (2001) rank ethics in between those values and morals that lie on one hand and philosophy, political philosophy, and regime principles on the other hand (Swain & Duke, 2001). Therefore, ethics, unlike individualistic values that are peculiar, are morally, socially and generally oriented. Ethics are also not considered as philosophical, political and regime principles because they are not that fundamental, abstract, or specific. Ethics concern about individuals having behavioral choices, choices having social consequences in which they may be characterized in general prescriptive rules. Ethics may include dictums like honesty and politeness and may lead to dilemmas that involve subtleties, but they themselves are seldom subtle (Swain & Duke, 2001). Ethics are those measurement tools that determine the position of any individual on the basis of his or her morality and professionalism towards his professional duties, professional relations with other employees, relation with his organization and, towards society as a whole. When we talk about administrative ethics, we are actually concerned about providers’ behavior towards influencing the ethics of their members, how the members influence each other and the organization, and how the members and organization deal with the community and government. The importance of ethics can be analyzed from the economic, socio-political, and human developmental paradigm in which individual and organizational ethical behaviour is concerned even more than any functioning of an organization. Administrative Ethical Behaviour Similarly, administrative ethical behaviour is evaluated with respect to the consequences of organizational actions. In a psychological context, organizational studies is legitimate and important facets of employees’ job performance and their organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) because such pro-social behaviours contribute to organizational effectiveness, even though they may not be part of the prescribed work role (Podsakoff & MacKenzie, 2000). Administrative Ethical Behaviour (AEB) cannot ethically ignore the moral qualities and actions of the organizations to which we devote our efforts in effect, the organization’s citizenship behaviour with respect to the society that legitimizes and supports it and in which it functions. In the public administration literature, the meaning of ethics ranges widely from pers
The Concept of Price Elasticity of demand in Healthcare Elasticity Elasticity means to the amount of receptiveness shown in supply side or demand side relative to variations in price. If a curvature is much more elastic, then minute amends in price will make big variations in quantity used. If a curvature is not as much of elastic, then it will make big amends in price to cause a variation in amount used. It can be illustrated by the form of the supply side or demand side curve. Price elasticity of demand It submits to the extent of receptiveness in demand side quantity in relation to price. In the example given below demand side is very elastic. It can be seen that if the price varies from US$ 0.75 to US$ 1, the quantity amount lowers. Explanation behind this can be that the purchasers might have access to an alternate medicine, so that as the increment in price occurs, he does not accept it. Other explanation could be that the purchaser didn’t find the medicine good enough, so any little variation in price has a big impact on the medicine’s demand. Source: Quantity q Elastic Demand Healthcare – A general view with reference to price demand elasticity The healthcare sector constantly experiences price elasticity on its demand side regardless of different methodologies and researches. Even though the array of price elasticity approximations is comparatively broad, it inclines to middle on minus 0.17, implying that one per cent raise in the amount of price within healthcare sector will direct to a 0.17 percent decrease in expenditures. The variation caused by the price factor in the demand side can be associated to variations in the prospect of reaching any care rather than the variations in the frequency of stopovers. Additionally, the research constantly discovers lesser amount of demand elasticity at lesser stages of sharing cost. The health side demand is also believed to be inelastic in respect to income. The approximations of elasticity on the income level are in-between 0 and 0.2. The optimistic signal of the elasticity standard suggests that as income level rises, the demand side will also experience a rise. The scale, though, proposes that the demand side reaction is moderately little. Healthcare demand is considered by many specialists to be inelastic. If a person is ill, he is not going to show sensitivities in price. However some do fall away from the domain or e.g. surgery such as any form of plastic surgery or when you are buying eyesight glasses. Price elasticity was -0.2 in a study conducted by RAND Health Insurance for medicine expense . Is the demand Elastic-Healthcare Another research suggested that the healthcare associations with prices are elastic. Its outcome suggests that the elasticity of healthcare and price are at -2.3 diagonally 0.65 to 0.95 tier of the allocation of expenditure, with a spot-wise
These two countries have two frequent festivals and celebrations. According to the Israel & Judaism Studies (2015), Israel celebrates the New Year (Rosh Hashana) festival between the months of September and October. The New Year holiday is also celebrated in the US on the first day of January every year (Immihelp 2015). According to the Chosen People Ministries (2015), the Israelites celebrate the Passover on the 14 th day of the Jewish month of Nisan. This holiday is also observed by the Americans on the same date. However, it is done to commemorate the Jews’ survival while in Egypt (Immihelp 2015a). The notable difference between festivals and celebrations in Israel and the US is the origin of the festivities. According to the Israel & Judaism Studies (2015), Israel traces its festivals and celebrations to the Bible, thus the holidays and festivals have biblical meanings. For example, Israel celebrates the Pentecost (Shavuot) festival in commemoration of the giving that Moses did on the Mount of Sinai (Israel & Judaism Studies (2015). The Chanukah festival is celebrated in the Kislev Hebrew month in the remembrance of the Maccabee’s victory over the Antiochus (Israel & Judaism Studies (2015). On the other hand, the Americans link most of their holidays to political histories (Immihelp 2015a). For example, The President’s day is celebrated by the Americans in the month of February to honour all the presidents who have governed the US in the past. The Martin Luther King Day is celebrated by the Americans in the month of January to honour the great Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. for his undying determination to ensure that all the Americans had equal civil rights through peaceful means (Immihelp 2015a). The transport systems in both countries are almost the same. According to the MOT-State of Israel (2015), the current forms of transportation in Israel consist of land, sea, and air transport. In Israel, the most common form of transport that is widely accepted by the public for use locally and during intercity trips is the use of buses (GoIsrael.com 2015). Various cities are operated by specific bus companies. For example, the Dan Bus Company operates in the Gush Dan area, with private enterprises operating in Nazareth (GoIsrael.com 2015). Trains in Israel offer a reliable and inexpensive form of transport for long distances, with students and senior adults being offered discounted fares (MOT and Road Safety-State of Israel 2015). There is the option of travelling by taxis, although they are expensive, especially for intercity trips. According to Immihelp (2015b), the United States has many forms of public transport, including buses, taxis, trains, and aeroplanes. Buses are reliable and efficient for short distances within the states ( United States Department of Transportation , 2015). Among the most common bus companies opera