ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In “ Say It Ain’t So, Huck ,” Jane Smiley’s exception to the canonization of Huckleberry Finn sits astride a harsh judgment and a keen, savvy critique with quite some grit, and presents an interesting insight into an otherwise unquestionable masterpiece of American literature. While she succeeds in making her point and poking holes into the artistry of Mark Twain, I find her lacking in honesty on the moral issues raised in the novel and her comparisons between the novel and some of the more contemporary American novels, such as “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin” . Let us begin with Smiley’s take on the elevation of the novel into the limelight. According to her, the novel rode on a rollercoaster of luck, on the backs of journal reviews, and on what she seems to describe a patchwork by its admirers to cover up for its shortages (Arac, 1997). Interestingly she also states that the novel had its admirers, but this she fails to grade. I would say this as the first American-style novel true to the American and not the British style was bound to have its footing whichever way it landed on American readership, and writers such as Elliot, with his boyhood connection with the River Mississippi, would only be symbolic of how many Americans can find identity with the text. I find altruistic the notion that these reviews and clear patchwork were the propellants rather than the smoke behind the trail of Mark Twain’s work (Ellison,1964). Which brings us to the question: were the shortcomings of Mark Twain’s work forgiven before the novel could be acceptable? Or rather, does Twain need this pardon? To answer these, let us investigate Twain’s itinerary in penning down the novel. In 1876 Twain did the first sixteen chapters in the spate of a few months, abandoning the entire text for seven years until he got inspired by a visit to the Mississippi while writing “ Life on the Mississippi”. He picks up the novel after his notorious penchant for sporadic writing, and from the point of the steamboat crash that split up the two boys, he pens down the rest of the novel in a few months (Thomas,1997). The argument for this is that his mind by then got set out differently from the way he had started, and this vividly shows in the text. This presents a remarkable artistic kink, and the loss of flow between the two parts of the novel does need a little pardon. Little, because when Twain’s work was continuing it was not a necessity that a novel flows from cover to cover as one continuous story. Twain wrote his novel as ideas came to him, as a work of everyday living, and less as a work of art or from ideas he read from others, as Stowe did in “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin” , which Smiley inadvertently prefers to “ Huckleberry Finn” . Inevitably, seven years of separation somehow have to show up in the grain. As a contemporary writer, though, Smiley may also be forgiven for missing this fact. Moreover, th
Product Introduction A Mind-Reading Shopping Cart is a useful device for those who think that grocery shopping is a burden. The cart will provide information on the selected products as well as customer reviews so that the user knows what product is worth buying. Furthermore, the software will be able to warn the user about products that do not fit the user’s dietary standards. To avoid wasting time at checkout, the cart will be able to scan all purchases and accept digital payment. Business Model Canvas As already mentioned in the presentation on the Mind-Reading Shopping Cart, key partners of the company are software providers that develop software for the cart itself. Service providers like grocery shops or shopping centers can also become partners within the business model canvas since they can promote the cart inside their facilities. Key activities that relate to the Mind-Reading Shopping Cart include the development of the product itself, it’s manufacturing, distribution, and, lastly, product marketing. In the age where technologies dominate every aspect of the business, the key resource for product marketing is social media since it reaches the widest audience across all levels. When it comes to the primary segments of customers, the Mind-Reading Shopping Cart is predominantly targeted at bust individuals that have very little time for shopping; however, this product can also appeal to the elderly that need assistance when shopping for groceries. Individuals interested in the latest technologies should also be targeted since they can bring significant revenue to the company. Within the business model canvas, relationships with customers are what bring the most success to the business. The company-developer of the Mind-Reading Shopping Cart should establish a strong, trusting relationship with its customers who will be able to ask for assistance if any issues occur. Through the establishment of a strong relationship with clients, a company will have a more unified business model across all levels; by knowing what customers need or want to improve, the developers of the Mind-Reading Shopping Cart will quickly and efficiently cooperate with primary stakeholders to keep customers satisfied. The channels through which customers can be reached involve five stages: awareness, evaluation, purchase, delivery, and after-sales. The value propositions involve reaching the target audience, finding new talent to work on the innovation, and build a professional network. Primary costs involve web hosting costs, product development costs, marketing costs, as well as general and administrative costs. Value Proposition Canvas The value proposition canvas for the Mind-Reading Shopping Cart consists of the value proposition and the cust
The racial issue remained the main problem of American society, and the Supreme Court legally secured the right of states to segregate. In the South, the Jim Crow Laws were in effect, which infringed on the rights of national minorities, and the southern society consisted of two small worlds. In the southern states, segregation intensified due to the adoption of racial laws. For example, Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924, which was passed by the Virginia General Assembly, divided American society into two parts, such as whites and people of color (Heim). This obliged to indicate in an official document the person’s origin on a racial basis and mixed marriages were prohibited. The law explicitly stated that one who does not have an impurity of other blood could be called a white person (Heim). A non-white individual was a person with a drop of African American or Native American blood. These types of legislative regulations and policies strengthened the level of discrimination to a higher degree. One world was for whites, and the other for minorities and in some areas where people of different races lived, the housing tax and rent were higher. This circumstance contributed to the emergence of criminal black regions in which poor African Americans lived. The reputation of these areas forced the whites to bypass them, and the division was present in the hiring. Promising places were given to whites, and ethnic minorities were provided with unskilled work. African American people responded in the same way to whites, and often, this caused tension in society. Thus, I believe that these changes were major contributing factors for institutionalizing racism to the core of society. The main reason is that even non-racist white people were forced to discriminate African Americans and other people of color because the law itself supported oppression. Work Cited Heim, Joe. “ How a Long-Dead White Supremacist Still Threatens the Future of Virginia’s Indian Tribes. ” The Washington Post , 2015. Web.
Counseling of older adults has become an important concern for mental health professionals in the past few decades. Indeed, because of the increased life expectancy, the share of elderly people in the community has grown substantially and will continue to grow in the future. However, despite the advancement of healthcare that allowed for improving life expectancy, older adults still experience a range of health problems that can affect their quality of life. Chronic illness is particularly prevalent in this age group and often causes disability. Still, living an independent and fulfilling life is one of the key goals for the elderly. Rehabilitation counseling can help older adults with a disability to enjoy life and live more independently, thus facilitating enhanced well-being and quality of life. The present paper will focus on rehabilitation counseling of older adults with disabilities, discussing their developmental issues, needs, and the role of appropriate interventions in enhancing their lives. Development of Older Adults Aging is an essential developmental task that presents multiple challenges to individuals and their families. According to Erikson’s theory of personality development, the central developmental crisis experienced by older adults is integrity versus despair; by resolving this crisis successfully, older adults obtain wisdom that is critical to healthy aging (Perry, Hassevoort, Ruggiano, & Shtompel, 2015). As older adults experience individual challenges related to physical and emotional well-being, their families also have to adjust to the changes. Duvall’s family development theory is composed of eight developmental stages (Martin, 2018). Older adults usually present an example of aging families. This stage of family development lasts from retirement to the death of both partners. During older adulthood, there is a significant shift in family roles as children face the need to care for their aging parents. This creates a challenge for the entire family since older adults often develop chronic physical and mental health conditions that affect their daily life and social functioning. Children and other young family members become informal care providers to the elderly, assuming control over some tasks, such as financial management, household duties, and medical assistance (Morgan & Brazda, 2013). The need for family support increases with a disability, and it is necessary for counselors to provide guidance to family members taking care of disabled older adults. Older age is also characterized by cognitive challenges, which cause changes in learning and personality. According to Love, Ruff, and Geldmacher (2015), aging is associated with neurobiological changes, including cortical and white matter volume loss and impaired cerebral functional connectivity. These changes affect cognitive abilities, causing difficulties in learning new information and personality c
This media frequency schedule is designed for a US-based ice cream manufacturer. The selected ice cream brand will focus on local, national, and international media to promote the sales through effective marketing and advertising. Although, continuous advertising is the most appropriate advertising mode for year-long campaigns with maximum reach and highest frequency (Wells & Burnett 2006), the most suitable campaign in this case will be based on a combination of pulsing and continuous strategy for broadcast and print media. The frequency of the advertisements in pulsing strategy varies with seasons and with time of the year. The spot campaign for ice cream will be focused on national newspapers and television for the months of April, May, and June at high frequency due to the summer season. Whereas, another high peak will be targeted in the months of November and December to cash the Halloween, thanksgiving, and Christmas festivities. Proposed Frequency Schedule The possible frequency schedule for the selected media can be given as: Geographical segments: Los Angeles, New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Houston and Atlanta. Media Vehicle                              Possible choices of vehicle                                    Frequency per month                                                           Months /Season                                                                  Percentage of Budget                                                       Los Angeles                                                    4 spots per month.                                                            Summer: April-June                                                                                              News Papers                                Times, New York Post, Chicago Tribune, Houston Chronicle       Size: 3’’x 4’’                                                                Winter: Nov-Dec                                                                 20% of total i.e. $ 600,000                                                                                                               Weekend issues                                                                                                                                                                                1 spot per month                                                                                         Size: 3’’x 4’’                             Rest of the year                                              1 st Weekend                                                                                             Magazines                                  Family, Females, and Children magazines                        Full-page color advertisement                                                 1 in each issue in the hot and cold season                                      20% of the total i.e. $600,000. Radio                                      Family and children show, drive time                           200 spots in various shows                                                    Strong campaig
Summary The article “The Ideological Use of Meta-pictures and Visualized Meta-texts in Iconography of the Cultural Revolution” by Francesca Dal Lago delves into the use of meta-pictures and visualized meta-texts within the context of the cultural revolution of China in order to showcase how their use enabled Mao Zedong to better connect with what he termed as “the illiterate masses” by providing a medium by which his message of cultural revolution against the elite in power at the time could be conveyed (Dal Lago 168-169). The paper explained that the use of “visualized language” and pictures within pictures is actually not a new concept within the context of delivering messages to the masses of China; rather, it is actually recurrent feature in Chinese art and text (Dal Lago 170). Taking this into consideration, it can thus be seen that in order to bring about the Chinese Cultural Revolution, Zedong utilized a culturally familiar means of delivering his message of “equality to the people” in a way that has been effective in the past in influencing Chinese social thought. Examination When going over the work of Dal Lago, it can be seen that the use of visualized language within the context of the Cultural Revolution can be considered as a form of propaganda utilized on a massive scale using modern day printing technology. The ubiquitous nature of the visual mediums espousing the message of Mao along with the manner in which they were crafted (i.e. appealing to values that were in tune to what the masses wanted) enabled the dissemination of new socio-political ideologies that were meant to influence people towards the ideological thinking of Zedong. Dal Lago presents various examples such as the use of a portrait of an interior minister deep in thought while holding an unlit pipe and its subsequent replication in other paintings. From a certain perspective, this use of paintings within paintings can be considered a Chinese version of iconography which is prevalent in various forms of classical European artwork wherein there is the subtle use of religious themes, representations and other similar symbols which are meant to showcase how a particular work is connected to a greater whole of work reflecting a particular type of social and religious thought. However, as presented in the case of Dal Lago, the Chinese version of symbolism and iconography is more “literal” in the sense that instead of utilizing hidden or passive symbolism as seen in the case of European artwork, what is done is a more “active” representation of a particular ideological belief by presenting a smaller yet almost exact duplicate of a particular symbolic piece of propaganda in another artwork. This is a rather unique method of propaganda promotion in that it builds upon the previous impact of the first artwork and utilizes the intended message of that piece in an entirely new piece of art. One way of seeing the uniqueness of this method of presentation can be seen in the way in which the U.S. utilized visual language propaganda during World
Information system of an organization refers to its Information and Communication Technology, and the manner in which the organization’s staff and customers relate to it aiming to attain organizational objectives, and satisfy needs respectively (McLeod, 1983). Information applications, on the other hand, are a combination of tools and platforms designed with the sole purpose of coming up with suitable work applications capable of finding, integrating and delivering information, both in and out of organizational borders (Laudon & Laudon, 2000). The American Home Mortgage Investment Corporation is one of the leading mortgage lending organizations in the United States currently undertaking projects aimed at introducing new methods of mortgage payment and striving to make all its activities computerized. Thus, even the most negligible manual entries that were earlier allowed and used in the organization’s day to day operations are eliminated. The American home mortgage corporation uses the following information systems in its different hierarchies of operation; transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems (Brien, 1996). By having these systems in place, the organization is guaranteed smooth operations, resulting in customer satisfaction in the long run (Stair, 1992). The American home mortgage corporation does not have a project office now, but I would recommend that one is established very soon, and put in charge of determining viable and necessary projects to be undertaken. Doing so will ensure that the American home mortgage corporation rises from being the position ten mortgage lender in the United States to a better position. One enterprise system the mortgage corporation currently uses is the customer relations management software (Ward, 2002).
Introduction Despite the clear and unambiguous statements concerning the freedom of speech and the freedom of the press made in the First Amendment, some instances thereof need to be considered very closely to make the right choice. On the surface, the case of H.-L. vs. Kentucky University can be viewed as an obvious infringement of the freedom of the press. A detailed analysis of the case, however, shows that the freedom of the press implies infringement of the students’ rights for non-disclosure of their personal information. It is imperative, therefore, to permit the university to regain control over its data, including the students’ personal information so that no attempts at malicious actions toward any of the stakeholders involved should be made. Restraint Order Arguments Against the Restraining Order In regard to the case of H.-L. vs. the Kentucky University, one must mention that the right to publish the information related to the students and the educational institution in question aligns with the principles of freedom of speech laid out in the First Amendment. As stated in the aforementioned legal document, the freedom of the press is also a substantive part of the given regulation. Therefore, due attention must be paid to it. Filing a restraining order against H.-L. may send the message that the court condones silencing the media as an essential tool for promoting freedom of speech. The First Amendment states clearly that the identified party has the right to make information public and use it in the media (“First Amendment” par. 3). Arguments in Favor of the Restraining Order Publishing the personal data of the students, including their grades and scores, will make NCAA pay closer attention to the subject matter, with a high possibility of further sanctions. Coming on the heels of the case of the United States vs. the Progressive (1979) (“United States vs. the Progressive” par. 1), the specified problem implies that the tangible threat, which the students of the above institution will be exposed to, should be recognized as of higher priority than the possibility of the freedom of the press infringement. Similarly, the court decision regarding the Kuhlmeier v. Hazelwood School District (1986) (Muse 1) needs to be addressed as a primary reason for preventing the article from being published. The case above has displayed the necessity to introduce censorship to the press once the threat to individuals’ personal safety is created. Solution: Preventing a Greater Problem Despite the fact that the right to print the information concerning the flaws of the university’s security system is, in fact, secured by the First Amendment as the manifestation of the Freedom of Speech principle, the threat that it exposes the students to should be viewed as the priority for the parties in question at present. The court recognizes the freedom of
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the widely observed disorders that are asymptomatic, but this disease affects the quality of people’s life significantly (1-2). The purpose of this literature review is to examine how the problem of osteoarthritis was discussed in the scholarly literature during the past ten years (2006-2016) and determine what instruments were used by researchers to measure the quality of life about OA patients. Therefore, this literature review includes sections on the problem of osteoarthritis, epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, classification of OA, the related physical functioning and quality of life, as well as methods of OA assessments and instruments used to measure the quality of life. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is a chronic multi-factor disorder or a group of disorders that are discussed as degenerative ones, and they affect not only joints but also articular cartilage, ligaments, synovial membrane, and the subchondral bone (3). The disorder is characterized by the progress of abnormal processes in joints, as well as by the constant pain that can cause physical disability and limitations in persons’ functioning (4-5). Fists, knees, and hips are most often affected by OA (6-7). The worldwide and national study and survey results (8-9) indicate that OA is one of the most frequent disorders that are typical of elder people. Thus, the disease is characterized by a high level of prevalence, and the development of this condition depends on the person’s age. Even though OA is observed in persons older than 65 years, today, signs of the disease are observed in individuals aged 40-45 years (1). Researchers (10-12) report that, despite the age, limitations on physical functioning and chronic pain