ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychological disorder that causes disturbance in the personality functioning of an individual. In most cases, it has been reported in people aged eighteen and above. However, there have also been some reported instances in teenagers and adolescents. The main characteristic of this psychological disorder is extreme and variable moods. Patients of this disorder usually exhibit extra ordinary instability in moods. In addition, Siegle (2007) points out that the disorder is characterized by “idealization and devaluation episodes” (p.1). Unstable and disordered relationships with other people, erratic self image and in extreme instances dissociation form other characteristics of this disorder. Although much has been written concerning causes of borderline personality disorder, childhood abuse remains one of the most mentioned causes. A plethora of literature has pointed out that childhood abuse, especially sexual abuse plays a great role in the development of borderline personality disorder. In most cases of this disorder, there have been evidence of neglect and maltreatment during early years as a child. The patients tend to have experienced emotional, physical or sexual abuse at some point in their lives. In other cases, the patients have reported having had no caregivers or having caregivers who never put in consideration their feelings and opinions. This paper intends to highlight the arguments and discussions that prove that childhood abuse and neglect contribute to the development of borderline disorder personality. It will also highlight brain mechanisms and how they are affected in the case of borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder and Childhood Abuse Meyer-Lindenberg clearly points out that of all the psychiatric care patients, 10% of them are suffering from borderline personality disorder. Of those hospitalized from psychological disorders, 20% of them are suffering from that disorder. Given this great number of patients, it is important to identify the main causes so that the number can be abridged. The National Institute of Mental Health (2011) purports that while there are genetic and environmental causes of borderline personality disorder, a larger percentage of patients report abuse and neglect and some forms of separation during childhood. The institute further argues that 40% to 71% of patients of BPD have, at some point in their life been sexually abused. In most of these cases, the abuser was not the caregiver. In the same line, Winston (2000) points out that 87% of all borderline personality disorder patients have had instances of abuse and neglect in their childhood years. Other than the 40-71% of those abused sexually, he indicates that physical abuse accounts for 25% to 71%. One clear argument put for
Overview and Critical Evaluation of Key Influence Factors The importance of the housing sector of the market can be understood through the fact that, for homeowners, real estate constitutes a major part of what they have or a major part of their current or planned spending. Moreover, housing as an industry bears particular symbolic significance for all working individuals because having one’s own place to live and improving one’s living conditions are among the main goals pursued by individuals in their lives and work. Major housing companies in the UK have a long history, large turnovers, vast resource bases, and wide networks of operation—all these factors make them complicated entities, and profound analysis is needed to identify and understand the developments that occur for those companies and influence them, both externally, i.e. in terms of market forces and influences, and internally, i.e. in terms of operation and initiatives that are likely to influence in certain ways the industry as a whole. A way to identify and understand these developments is to compare two major housing companies in the UK, and the companies chosen for the comparison are Redrow plc and Crest Nicholson. Both are listed on the London Stock Exchange, and both are constituents of the FTSE 250 Index (codes RDW and CRST respectively) ( FTSE 250 2017). Supplier Relations The first issue to be addressed in this context is the consideration of influence factors, i.e. what the processes that affect the UK housing sector are. This consideration will also constitute a point of comparing Redrow plc and Crest Nicholson, as both companies have made statements on perceived influences, and their statements can be compared and contrasted from this perspective. First of all, to build houses, a company primarily needs things to build from—materials remain one of the main influences in the industry, and any changes experienced or initiated by suppliers are likely to have an effect on a housing company that buys from them. Even this one influence factor is already complicated because large housing companies purchase materials from many different suppliers who can be influenced by different forces, which makes measuring the influence challenging and increases the number of risks and the potential effect of negative changes. What a company can do to address this influence factor and reduce risks is, first, to establish and develop long-term relationships with suppliers, which can facilitate the collaboration because the companies involved will have an experience of working together effe
“The Old Man and the Sea” is a story of a modest old man and his struggle for the greatness. The plot is based on life of Santiago, an elderly Cuban fisherman who is unlucky in his fishing escapades. He is so unlucky that parents of a young boy Manolin, who wanted to fish with an old man and learn the skills from him, forbid him doing this and ask to sail with more successful young sailors. The author was on the ground of the World War I, and a casualty of the war may be seen as the reason behind the choice of themes. Bravery, courage, pride and honor are virtues that many survivors of the war possessed. Santiago’s move to set out to sea all alone in order to redeem his reputation among his people is a bold move (Hemingway 22). However, Hemmingway, the author, describes the boy as the one who admires the old man despite his parents discourage him from joining Santiago in his fishing, he still continues to care for the old man. This essay seeks to make a detailed review of the story, “The Old Man and the Sea”, its themes and relations to the real world. The plot brings out the boy as being very caring. He is shown in the way he helps the fisherman to carry his fishing gear and discussing the latest happenings in the American baseball. Despite the old man’s unsuccessful fishing trips, the book portrays him as having a strong determination to achieve his aim. In a highly sequential flow of events, the book explains how Santiago sails further away from familiar territory and ventures into the Gulf Stream. The author goes ahead to explain how the old man gets lucky and catches a big fish known as Marlin at midday. However, in a twist to the story, Santiago is unable to pull the gigantic animal to his boat, and the fish starts pulling. The story shows the reader an image of an enduring man who is overcome by fear trying to save his life by all means. It is presented when Santiago struggles to bear the strain of the line hooking the massive fish with his shoulders. He does this in order to avoid tearing the boat apart and tries to hook on it. The story explains how an old man pulls the line for three days as the fish swims with the old man enduring this pain (Hemingway 40). In this day to day sequence of events, Santiago is presented to the reader as an affectionate man who, despite the strain that the fish is putting him through, sees it as a brother in endurance, suffering, strength and resolve. Testimony to this, (the way Santiago feels it); the people who are going to eat this fish are not entitled to such greatness. It is on the third day that we see Santiago is getting his catch into the boat finally. It is the evidence of Santiago’s endurance and determination because, according to the story, this is the biggest fish that Santiago has ever caught after number of unsuccessful trials (Bloom, 150). In addition, the story brings out the anti-climax of Santiago’s happiness. It explains how Santiago struggles with the attacks of sharks that were attracted by the blood trails left from the fish. Hemmingway creates an image of a boat deep in the sea surrounded by sharks in the mind of the read
Introduction There are many ways in how human society could be understood and examined, and the application of a sociological theory is one of the available options. This approach allows analyzing social processes, explaining behaviors, and discussing social order and change within a particular context. Different concepts and ideas can be applied to social reality. It is not enough to give one particular definition to social theory and make sure it meets all its criteria and characteristics. The sociological theory promotes the implementation of various theories and paradigms that show how social relationships are organized. In this paper, the analysis of Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City by Matthew Desmond will be developed through the prism of sociological theory and its paradigms. The chosen book is not about poverty only but about people who contribute to and suffer from this social condition. Therefore, the evaluation of social class differences seems to be an appropriate concept to enhance the discussion. The eviction crisis has already challenged the United States, and the examples introduced by Desmond in Evicted prove the role sociological theory and social class play in its understanding. The Worth of Evicted in Modern American Society In 2016, Desmond introduced his book Evicted with a provocative plot about poverty in American society and its relation to housing policies and economic changes. The results of the author’s ethnographic research help to discover the essence of low-income housing. Desmond uses his observations in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
Instructional Units   * Scaffolded Instruction   * Modeling   * Cooperative Learning   * Having Choices Scaffolded Instruction   * Students will be required to practice independent learning   * Support will be given to students whenever they get stuck while learning alone Modeling   * Students will be assisted to construct the meaning and strategies associated with assessing high blood pressure as a clinical practice.   * Literature used will be used as models to expose the strategies and skills needed in assessing blood pressure.   * The lessons may be formal or informal   * Modeling will be done through reading aloud, demonstration and shared writing. Cooperative Learning   * Students will learn by engaging experienced individuals on how to assess blood pressure.   * Often, individuals who will be engaged will be experienced peers who are knowledgeable about blood pressure assessment. Having Choices Having choices to assess blood pressure will be availed to help students choose the strategy that best meets their learning needs. Learning Activities   * Independent reading and writing   * Prior Knowledge Activation   * Problem solving exercises   * Prioritized Planning   * Guided multiple choice exercises   * Clickable images Independent Reading and Writing Independent studying will be encouraged after students have examined existing literature regarding blood pressure assessment. Prior Knowledge Activation   * Reviewing prior knowledge about existing literature will be used to orient students with blood assessment methods.   * Themes will be developed assess how blood pressure assessment works and how they can activate their prior knowledge about blood pressure activation.   * Students will activate their prior knowledge about blood pressure assessment before they can move into the next section of study. Problem solving exercises   * Subdivide the students into small groups of four (to six) where the groups will appoint a chairperson to lead the group in discussions.   * Ask each group to provide a response to one problem about high blood pressure assessment and evaluate their response   * Summarize the results of each question Prioritized Planning   * Identify priority techniques to be studied in blood pressure assessment.   * Develop a list of factors that cause high blood pressure   * Develop a list of factors to be considered in high blood pressure assessment. Guided multiple choice exercises Students are provided with hints that enable them to remember the blood pressure assessment methods. Clickable images Students are required to click on the right images that show the correct blood pressure assessment method (though interface design). Student Assessment methods   * Continuous Assessment tests   * Assessing Student Attitudes   * Assessing Student Agreement   * End-of-Program Survey   * Portfolio Assessment   * Self assessment   * Peer assessment   * Overall assessment   *
Parties The parties in the case involve the United States government and Medco Health Solutions, which is an international company that offers medical services. The government side has a number of parties, including the department of Justice. Specifically, the department of Justice represents the Inspector General in charge of Health and Human services. This shows that the department of Justice is the American institution charged with the responsibility of ensuring that sanity is upheld in society. The office of personnel management is also mentioned as the party in the case. The department of Justice in the case represents the personnel office. The government side is the complainant while Medco Solutions is the accused. On the accused side, Diane Collins, George Bradfort, William Gauger and Joseph Piacentile are mentioned as parties. Facts There are many facts in the case involving the United States government and Merck-Medco Solutions. One is that Medco is a company that prescribes treatment to patients. It offers pharmacy services to employees in both private and public sector. Medco company runs mail order pharmacies and call centers that are licensed by individual states and other bureaucratic institutions. The company conscribes employees that are approved by the government to exercise their professions. The company offers mail order treatments and allied benefit services to federal workers, retirees and their dependents (Showalter, 2007). Medco Company entered into various agreements with state agencies such as Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Medco is a product of a merger between Merck Company and Medco RX Services Company. Therefore, in this, the word ‘Medco’ repre
The knowledge about multicultural perspective plays an important role in the teaching arena both to the learners and instructors. In the current world, teachers are ought to be well informed about the contemporary issues that occurs as a result of the diverse culture that exist. Teachers should teach with a cultural perspective in order to enhance students’ perceptive and admiration of the diverse cultures that exists. Similarly, teachers are supposed to be well aware on how to handle students with various disabilities so that to meet individual needs for their diverse learners. Thus, leaning about multicultural perspective and student disabilities helps the teacher become more effective while teaching so that to better address the diverse special needs and uniqueness of their learners. The class on multicultural perspective was very instrumental to me as a learner and also on my teaching carrier. It helped me to understand and appreciate my culture and that of others. Before then, I used to perceive my culture as being more superior to others and I looked down to other cultures as being inferior and outdated. More often I could run into logger heads with some of my classmates whom cultures were different whenever I could comment negatively about their culture. My attitude towards other cultures acted as a big obstacle to my good association with some of my classmates that belonged to different cultures. My negative perspective about other cultures developed since I was a kid. My caregivers instilled me with very negative attitudes about other cultures and especially the African and Asian cultures. They considered African as being very primitive, while they perceived the Asian as being violent. It was after attending the class on cultural perspective, that I realized that it was my childhood upbringing that influenced me to develop that negative perception on other cultures. I was brought up in United Kingdom in a place where almost everyone that I interacted with was white. Thus, all my neighbors, classmate and teachers belonged to a common culture that they all perceived as being very superior. The knowledge about cultural perspective enlightened me that children perception about their culture and that of others starts to develop during their early days. Children are considered as being prone to attitudes, opinion and cultures of those they spend most of their time with. Caregivers’ views about ethnic and racial groups sway children perceptions about the marginalized cultures. Thus, teachers and mostly early childhood educators should instill the children they teach with positive perceptions about the diverse cultures that exist in their classes (Rey, 1991). Teaching about Multicultural perspective should entail instructors instilling their learners with a positive self-concept. This will be realized by concentrating on those activities that highlight the diversities and similarities of all children. For instance, children’s play and particularly those on role play can be a very effective strategy for influencing le
For this evaluation paper, I have chosen the video “School Counseling Video EP” from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os4ybxUeSdc (Poage, 2012). It includes the counseling session with a first grader. I have selected it because I believe this school counseling session from K-12 to be an excellent example of decent counseling. The main point is that the counselor shows her understanding of the importance of teaching students who study at the elementary school how to report and address incidents of bullying. The video is made in the counselor’s room. A little girl comes to the counselor searching for help. Her name is Karlie, and she is in the first grade. The girl makes a bullying complaint. The counselor evaluates the situation and encourages Karlie to include more details in the explanation of the issue. She clarifies the information, asks questions, and helps Karlie to find a way out of the current situation. She also appoints another consultation to check whether the girl will be able to cope with the issue or not. At the beginning of the conversation, the counselor asks the girl some questions to make sure that she realizes what she can gain from the talk. In this way, she educates her. In the video, the woman checks whether the girl understands the concept of bullying. She explains how Karlie can handle the situation and report on it. In this way, the counselor also prevents possible attempts of bullying performed by the victim (Dollarhide & Saginak, 2011). As Karlie [the girl] realizes the feelings of those who suffer from bullying and the consequences such actions bring, she is not likely to be engaged in them (Elliot, 2002). The counselor also makes her understand that such complaints are treated seriously, and she will be not the only person who is going to get to know all peculiarities of the issue. The woman explains that she may have to tell some other people about their conversation and asks if the girl accepts these terms. A teaching strategy for school counselors who work with K-12 students was made to enhance the process, and the counselor works according to it. She encourages the girl to take a part in the conversation and provide her ideas but not just praises her for a decent answer (for example, she asks “What do you think would be a good choice to tell your teacher?”) (Poage, 2012). The counselor should not just tell a child what he/she is to do. The main thing is to teach by example, attitude, or good decision-making (Ziomek-Daigle, 2015). As Karlie is already bullied, the counselor goes beyond the task. She asks to name the person who bullies her and to consider how she can act if such a situation happens again (Wittmer & Clark, 2006). The counselor
Indigenous Australian art Australian Aboriginal art is attributed to the indigenous Australian people and represents one of the world’s unique cultures. The major categories of Australian indigenous art include rock carvings, leaf paintings, sand paintings, rock engravings, aerial landscape art, stone arrangements, ceremonial clothing, and sculpture. These traditional pieces of art represent the unique Australian culture from the way the pieces of art were created by the artists. Some of the commonly used styles in indigenous rock painting include dot-painting and stencil art. The rock art highlighted themes like religion, the environment, economy, and social activities. The fine painting category was adequately represented by bark paintings. Indigenous Australian art is characterized by a lot of imagery that depicted the origin of the artist and the themes in the paintings. Colonial art Colonial art is highly regarded in Australia because of the artistic flair it represents. Colonial art is chronological in nature because it depicts the changes that took place in Australia over time. The colonial paintings are widely known for their aesthetic appeal that was achieved by the use of soft and light colors. The paintings brought out the beautiful nature of the environment as depicted in the landscapes. Colonial art portrayed a peaceful co-existence of people in society. Colonial paintings passed across positive and encouraging messages that would give future settlers a sense of optimism. The artists used art to record significant events and this makes colonial art a good source of information for historians and other social researchers. Most of the symbols in colonial art represent wealth and class because the paintings were mostly done by prominent people. Landscape Landscape art represents the physical aspects of the earth. This category of art is very broad because of the many varieties of landscapes present on earth. Australian landscape paintings depict the natural sceneries and artists with paintings that demonstrate the best representation of the natural scenes are regarded as the best. The sky and the weather form the basic elements of landscape elements. Australian landscape art was largely influenced by Chinese and Japanese cultures. Early landscape paintings had less imagery and represen