ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The majority of pirates turned to the life of an outlaw due to the gruesome conditions they were subjected to during work and not due to promises of riches and complete freedom of action. The first value that a pirate would have chosen to state as a superior choice over what’s nations provided was the promise of fair treatment. In his book “Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age,” Markus Rediker described many adverse aspects of the life of a sailor, such as disregard of their safety, health, and economic prospects. While these issues were not entirely resolved in a pirate society, they are much less prominent. Disobedience was the direct result of excessive punishments, unreal expectations, and the lack of controlling organs that could hear sailors’ plights. The second value that someone who turned to piracy would have appreciated was the liberties that come with less vertical hierarchy. While the life of a pirate is not a glorious one, it may be chosen by some due to extreme pressure from their commanders and employers. In chapter 6, Rediker discusses the beginning of the class, race, and gender struggles among Atlantic nations. The violent nature of relationships between captains and their subordinates was only part of it, as an entire government was not suited to listening to the lowborn. The third value that a pirate could have stated was the freedom to refrain from any religious practices. Rediker reveals that many sailors were not religious even before becoming pirates. There was an apparent dissonance between sailors’ life and religious dogmas that were commonly preached at that time. This disdain may be the reason behind more frivolous practices among pirates and more openly discussed themes of death and earthly pleasures.
Introduction In the contemporary times, there have been increased emphases on patient centered care in which all care providers are supposed to ensure that the safety of the patients is prioritized. This is achieved through a collaborative care in which all the health professionals ensure that care delivery does not endanger the lives of the patients. As such, clinical pharmacists play a critical role in prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by being involved in timely interventions. According to Suyagh, Farah and Farha (2015), ADRs are leading causes of patient related morbidity and mortality; thus, interventions aimed at reducing the adverse effects are paramount in any treatment process. The involvement of the clinical pharmacists enhances the safety of patients. It is worth noting that the clinical pharmacists are trained in therapeutics to provide comprehensive drug management to patients. Bearing in mind the critical role played by the clinical pharmacists, the following paper presents a research on interventions carried out by pharmacists. The research exemplifies the critical role of patients in enhancing safety of the patients. Background of Clinical Pharmacy Interventions Clinical pharmacy is a broad term that is used to describe function performed by pharmacist in the health care setting. This broad definition is not limited to any function. In the U.S., the department of health and human services defines the term as, “Functions performed by pharmacists on behalf of the patient to identify, resolve and prevent drug-related problems” (Gillespie 15). The definition mainly focuses on optimization of drug therapy but does not provide specific context in which the pharmacists should practice. Thus, based on the definition, it signifies that clinical pharmacist can work at hospital setting or community setting to provide the various functions. The clinical pharmacists are involved in the care process by being involved in various activities. They provide consistent process of patient care that promotes effectiveness, safety, and appropriateness of drug use. They consult with physicians and care providers to implement medication plans that can be used to meet the overall requirements of a patient. Also, the clinical pharmacist apply their knowledge and experience of the clinical use of medicines, such as dosing, drug interactions, dosage and administering of drugs in order to ensure that patients receive the right medication. There are many studies that have established cases of inappropriate interventions in the healthcare centers, which result in adverse drug events. As such, health care systems have been under immense pressure to ensure that inaccuracies that relate to medication are reduced. Kuo, Touchette and Marinac (2013) emphasized that in the process of any treatme
Service Guarantee “A service guarantee is an explicit commitment to the customer concerning all or part of the service process, generally including compensation for the customer if the commitment is not honored.” ( Design and Implementation of a Service Guarantee). The marketing impact of a well-designed service guarantee Today’s marketplace is competitive. Getting quality service is the one factor that every customer wants to double-check when they buy a product or service. Apparently, providing quality service is what every supplier of a product/service strives to achieve. Because the service is great, the product sells by itself. By word-of-mouth, by repeat purchases and by reviews. The question is how a company will convince a customer that their service is 100% foolproof. The answer lies in the offering of a “service guarantee” to the potential customers. A service guarantee is nothing but a statement issued by a company that if their service fails to satisfy a customer, they will financially compensate the customer by offering an amount of money as damages. The guarantee will be perceived as the sign of the company’s total commitment to quality because it becomes clear to the customer that if the service is poor, the supplier stands to incur considerable losses. So customers can understand that the supplier has made the service delivery 100% fail-proof. Such an approach will increase the value of the sales pro
Introduction Costs incurred in reducing or eliminating services provided by the government depend largely on the functional level of the government. In the US, there are three government levels, the federal government, state government, and local government. Costs also depend on the type of services given, these can be defensive, entitlement, and educational. They also depend on time; there are times that they can be reduced or totally eliminated, time here means, times of war and times of peace; cost tend to be high in times of war and lower when there is peace (Henderson 71). The Social Costs When reading about Huffington’s debate “Guns vs. Butter” 2010, one gets the impression that reducing costs on defensive services when there is a prevailing period of calmness and peace, and then this will greatly favor the interests of the country. If this happens, then there will be little social costs incurred. From this debate, it is clear that the social costs realized when trying to reduce defense services have little or no effect on the country. This is elaborated by Henderson’s data. This data proposes that if the nation actively seeks diplomacy in an effort to prevent any war, then it will have a better chance of providing butter to its people (Huffington 1). Reducing or completely doing away with entitlement programs such as social security as highlighted in the production of “butter” will see the country face immediate social costs. This is shown by Carl when he explains about the social class in the US. He indicates that a bigger proportion of the US population will at some point, need assistance from the government. This implies that eliminating social security services will increase the country’s social costs. This means that marginalized groups, which include, the poor, the disabled, and the elderly, will be required to find alternative means of earning a living. The minorities, those in the lower social class and surviving on meager incomes will feel the greatest impact (Huffington 1). When you consider education, a socialized service in the US where it is compulsory for kids in grades K-12, its reduction or elimination will bring about significant social costs. At present, many parents rely on the socialized education system to provide their kids with the basic education. This means that most of them do not depend on the private learning institutions for K-12 education. One can easily predict what would happen in case K-12 education was eliminated. Such a move will force parents to look for private education for their kids. This is not an education system that they are used to; this system will produce a totally different generation of young people with no basic educational skills. Absence of basic skills will mean that this group of Americans will miss out on the opportunities for living decent lives. Such a situation will relegate America to the social class of third world countries. This also means that current students would not be in college now, neither would their professors be teaching them now if the education system is eliminated (Huffington 1). What the government does, not how many people do it People hav
Introduction The culture of Eastern European countries varies from the American one. The present essay discusses a peculiar Russian cultural event called Maslenitsa that symbolizes the “awakening of Nature from hibernation” (Maltseva, 2020, p. 26). Initially, that is a pagan festival and means “miraculous transformation of the Sun – the son of the pagan Slavic god Kolyada, into a beautiful, flourishing young man – Yarilo-Sun” (Maltseva, 2020, p. 26). In other words, during this festival, people see off winter and meet spring. Every year the festival starts at different dates because this depends on the dates of celebration of the Passover that, in its turn, depends on the Vernal Equinox. Maslenitsa could be translated as a butter week. Apart from Russian Maslenitsa, the essay discusses the French Mardi Gras and Polish Tlusty Czwartek. Reflection on the Event I have learned about this cultural event from my Russian friend, who always cooks pancakes to celebrate it. Later, I watched a video from this festival on YouTube and found it immensely vivid and fun. In the video, one could see how people sing, dance, play the accordion, cook and eat pancakes, play team games, such as tug of war and king of the hill, and build a fortress out of snow (CCTV Video News Agency, 2018). While watching the video, what stood out for me is that adults are as willing to participate in it as children. It is curious to notice that this festival illustrates a great sense of unity because in games, commonly there are two teams, and while dancing, unfamiliar people hold hands. At the beginning, the festival seems rather dull and resembles a fair where people eat food and buy goods. Nonetheless, later, this first impression disappears when people start playing and dancing. At the same time, what I have seen does not provoke a desire to join. Besides, the tradition of burning an effigy of Maslenitsa that takes the shape of a woman is a bit cruel. Research on the Event As it has already been mentioned, Maslenitsa is a pagan festival. At the same time, Russia is an orthodox Christian country, and religion is an inseparable component of its self-image (Curanovic, 2019). The week of celebrating a pagan Maslenitsa is followed by the orthodox Great Lent that lasts 40 days. Therefore, the festival of Maslenitsa shows a distinctive mixture and co-existence of worldviews within one country. Before Christianization in 988, ancient Russia was pagan, and the tradition to celebrate Maslenitsa has survived over centuries. Another curious fact is related to the duration of this festival. More precisely, Maslenitsa lasts for one week, during which people every day eat pancakes to get prepared for the following Great Lent (Maltseva, 2020). It seems complicated for the representatives of other cultures to eat pancakes with butter, sugar, caviar and jams the entire week. The event described above is held on the last day of Maslenitsa. The majority of modern people celebrate only the last day and escape the traditional part of the festi
In the movie poster of James Cameron’s Avatar, we find two characters, a human and an alien, are trying to be like each other and ultimately reach a mental state where both of them discover a new dimension of life. The poster is clearly divided into three layers by three clear and straight lines. The first of the three straight divisions are smaller than the other two divisions and it shows the name of the film on the background of a forest that can is sure to incite the excitement of the audience. The name of the movie, “Avatar” is written in a different font and it is predominantly blue. The other two parts of the poster are equally dividing the remainder of the poster. Both the pictures prominently feature both the lead characters of the Film. The first part shows the hero of the film, Jake in his Navi avatar along with Neytiri, who is teaching Jake to throw an arrow. In the aspect of this part of the poster, we can get a clear indication of the plot of the picture. It will be a love story with two different characters, and they are not human. The alien landscape is clear in this picture as if we look closely we will see that the forest in the background of the two characters is quite different than the regular forests we see, and it is enough to evoke curiosity. The feeling that comes out of the poster is love and love is present in a universal appeal defying differences of species. The aspect of love is shown through the characters’ wide eyes. Burgeoning love is mirrored in their eyes. The eyes are deep and wide and show longing and a glimpse of tear. The characters are aliens, but it does not prevent them from showing human emotions and they, by showing the emotions, come close to us in all the respect of humanity. Both of them are looking like humans but they are not human. They are predominantly blue and have sharply pointed ears and a different shaped nose. The color of the eye is quite different too. Their body is also slightly stripped. These characters are no doubt computer-generated and all the hype surrounding the film that says that the director has to make new technology to capture the film. The proximity between the two characters shows the relation between them. It also shows that though the two characters though they come from different places still interact with each other and develop a warm relationship. The aspect of love between the two species is evident in the third part of the poster too. Here we see the faces of the two lead characters over the background of a blue sky. Sam Worthington who plays the lead role is recognizable, but on th
Introduction Ferraro and Roser (para 4) define debt crises as external debt, which can be private or public, of developing countries which has been growing at an increasing rate and whose obligations these countries are unable to meet. The causes of debt crises can be external or internal and it is mostly a global phenomena. In this paper I will cover the causes and the situation of debt crises in the Latin American countries of Argentina, Mexico and Brazil. I will then define the relationship between the rising interest rates and the increase in commodity prices. I will also look at some attempts to solve this crisis. To do this I will concentrate on three literature Reviews that discuss the issue of debt crisis. The debt crisis According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Cooperation (1), debt crises in less developed countries were started by the declaration by Mexico in 1982 that it was unable to pay its debts. This was followed by the rescheduling of debts by other Less Developed Countries (LDCs). The situation was worsened by the foreclosure by several banks which required that debts be cleared immediately with no provision for refinancing. Financial panic was a major cause of most of the problems that followed the debt crises and this set in when countries rescheduled their debts increasing the prospects of major defaults and failure by some big banks. To understand the debt crises it is necessary to have enough knowledge of the situations that preceded this. Ferraro and Rosser (para 8 & 15) see poverty and the economic conditions of the 1970s as a major motivation to borrow thus a major cause of debt crisis. Poverty in the Latin American Countries of Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela made these countries an easy target for foreign lending by the developed countries. At the same time the economic condition within this time was such that there was an increased rate of economic development in the global economy. Sarkar and Singer (2) state that one of the most important scenarios that led to the debt crises began in the 1950s and 60s when the commodity prices for most exports that these countries depended on fell. This made these countries to start investing in the manufac
Company’s Background With its first retail store in Wayne, Pennsylvania in 1992, Anthropologie shifted from Urban Outfitters Company that was inaugurated in 1970 by Dick Hayne. Notably, before the opening of Anthropologie, the product was being vended at Urban Outfitters Stores, as it was the first outlet. The company, just like Free People Retail Chains and Urban Outfitters Company, has its main office in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is worth noting that Free People Retail Chains and Anthropologie operate under the same management; they have similar fervent staffs, as well as same emotional attachment with their clienteles (Farfan par. 1). According to Anthropologie: Our Story (par. 3), the mission statement of the company is grounded on building a strong emotional attachment with the customers by creating environments that appeal to the emotions of the clienteles. Anthropologie’s Brand Image The company’s brand has undergone a notable evolution into the Anthropologie stores. The company boasts of its unrivalled status, as it remains an attractive purchasing store for women desiring a curated combination of attires, gifts, accessories, as well as household beautifications. Markedly, these product varieties mirror the buyers’ personal tastes and preferences, thus fuelling their styles and passions from art to fashion to entertainment. The store has over 185 outlets across the UK, Canada, and the US; it reserves great commitment in providing the customers with signature goods and unrivalled services. The company has also executive branches in Edinburgh, Chelsea, and London in the UK. As a way of ensuring global presence, the store opened the online platform – anthropologie.com ( Anthropologie: Our Story par. 1). The picture below shows Anthropologie’s store in Glendale, California. Evidently, the uniqueness is also seen in the appearance, with 10-12,000 square feet to 15-18,000 square feet. (Anthropologie: Our Story par. 2) Demographic and Psychographic of Anthropologie’s Target Customers Unlike most profit-making organizations, Anthropologie has never advertised its products and services on television commercials or in any print materials ( Anthropologie: No Advertising, No Problem par. 1). It relies on the social media and the real outlets to develop and enhance its link with customers, as it believes that the brands can speak for themselves. According to Southerland (par.1), Anthropologie has been at its best in targeting customers in Buckhead, Santa Monica, and Beverly Hills who does not fancy putting on similar clothing or beautifying their homes with similar materials as everyone else. In this aspect, the retail store focuses on the upscale customers. In terms of age as a demographic factor, Anthropologie targets a 30 to 40-something wealthy urban duo who wants an exclusive and unique product – a product that is totally different from those of the masses (Southerland par. 2). With its variety of merchandise, Anthropologie has been able to attract numerous affluent couples across India, Far East, and Europe. Remarkably, the Urban Outfitters has been
The First World War was a terrible military conflict in which a little less than a hundred countries took part, and approximately 10 million of soldiers, as well as millions of civilians, perished (Foner 733). The war was provoked by a political assassination; due to the existence of numerous military alliances in Europe, many countries became involved soon after. The U.S. did not participate in the war at first, but events such as the sinking of Lusitania, the publishing of the Zimmerman Note, and the Russian Revolution convinced the American authorities to cause the U.S. to intervene. After the war, despite Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the Treaty of Versailles imposed severe restrictions and reparations on Germany, which added to the causes of the Second World War. Some time before the beginning of the World War I, a number of military alliances had been created in Europe in order to establish military dominance in Europe, as well as to maintain the possession of the European colonies in the “Third World”. Two major factions – the Allies (Great Britain, France, Russia and Japan) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire) had emerged. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who had been to inherit the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914, caused a chain of happenings that led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Due to the existence of the military alliances, the Allies and the Central Powers soon declared war against each other (Foner 733). The U.S. at first proclaimed a neutral position; inside the American society, citizens of different origins supported different sides of the conflict (Foner 734-735). However, the British naval blockade of Germany stopped American vessels from trading with Germany, and in May 1915, Germany sank the British liner of Lusitania; 1198 passengers, including 124 Americans, died. This caused an outrage in the American society, and Woodrow Wilson initiated the policy of “preparedness” (Foner 734-735). The U.S. remained out of conflict until 1917; in January 1917 Wilson urged the warring countries to agree to a “peace without victory”. However, Germany declared its intention to continue its submarine warfare against vessels coming to and from Britain (which it had previously stopped), and sank a number of merchant ships from the U.S. Furthermore, the Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted and made public by Britain; the note from the German foreign secretary urged Mexico to join the war that would soon be declared on the U.S. The Mexicans were promised assistance with reclaiming the lands that were lost to the U.S. in 1846-1848. Besides, the Russian Revolution that overthrew the czar’s despotic rule further convinced the U.S. that they would be fighting for democracy if they supported the Allies. On April 2, 1917, Woodrow Wilson asked the Congress to declare war on Germany; the respective resolution was passed after that (Foner 735). However, significant American forces came to Europe only in spring 1918. The next turn of the Russian Revolution in 1917 led to the signing of the secret treati