ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A Cultural Heritage Management Plan was introduced by the Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 in a bid to conserve the environment and cultural heritage areas amid increased development. According to the Act, a management plan is required if the proposed development is listed as a high-impact activity resulting in significant ground disturbance and if the activity is happening in a sensitive area of cultural heritage which has not been significantly disturbed earlier. Aboriginal parties comprising of guardians, keepers, knowledge holders of the aboriginal cultural heritage were given the responsibility of vetting developments and advising on issues concerning their cultural heritage. A plan taking into consideration the expected environmental impact of the development as well as the measures taken to minimize the impact of the project has to be prepared and vetted by these parties for permits to be issued (Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, p.36). A high-impact activity generally comprises buildings and other works that result in significant ground disturbance. These include the construction of three or more houses, subdivisions of three or more lots, developing alpine resorts as well as production of timber. Others include the harvesting of sand or sandstone, searching for stones, and building dams (Department of Planning, par. 4). Areas of cultural heritage sensitivity on the other hand include declared Ramsar wetlands, ancient lakes, registered cultural heritage places, waterways, coastal land, coastal Crown land, parks, the high plains, Koo Wee Rup Plain, greenstone outcrops, stony rises. It also covers surrounding areas to the sites and whose disturbance development could interfere with the site. (Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006, p23). About the development p
The argument of the Introduction in Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities An idea of nationalism as identification of social identity with identity of state or nation appeared long ago and was studied as well described by many historians and sociologists, including those of USSA and Great Britain, where attitude to this phenomenon has particular meaning. The “Introduction” of the work Imagined Communities by Benedict Anderson is dedicated to this very phenomenon that is shown as rather debatable one and to the phenomenon of nature. The author opens nationalism as “artifact of a particular kind” and nation like “an imagined political community” (Anderson, 1991, 4) Anderson gave a new definition of nation; he defines it like “an imagined political community imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign” (Anderson, 1991, 6). This community differs much from a factual one as it is based, not on regular face-to-face interaction of the members of this community. However, the members hold some mental image of affinity in minds — for instance, people feel the nationhood with the other members of nation participating in a large event of a separate “imagined community” (Anderson, 1991, 6). A nation from the Anderson’s point of view is imagined as its members will never know major part of their fellow-members, hear of them or meet them, however each of them recognize belonging to their community. These communities can be considered imagined “as both limited and sovereign”, they are limited by “boundaries, beyond which lie other nations” (Anderson, 1991, 6). And they are sovereign because nobody is able to claim authority over this community”. Nationalism as a historical phenomenon A nation can be called an imagined community as “regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship… that makes it possible, for … people… to die for such limited imaginings” (Anderson, 1991, 7). Anderson opens such phenomenon like nationalism as historical and constructed and, but not natural. He claimed it as created spontaneously by distillation of some historical forces. “And nation-ness, as well as nationalism are artifacts of a particular kind.” But as Marx tells that nationalism was produced originally being then reproduced under the influence of a set of conditions. Anderson supposes that nation as well as nationalism is a product made like mean to economic and political end. This opinion was not just Anderson’s one, Eric Hobsbawm whose citation he uses (“Marxist movements and states have tended to become national not only in form but in substance, i.e., nationalist. There is nothing to suggest that this trend will not to continue”) has the same point of view (Anderson, 1991, 2). But opinion, concerning historical appearance of
Abstract The paper will focus on personal and social changes in the lives of two characters, Hem and Haw, and how the changes that take place depend on morality and ethics. Very often, people are afraid of change and do everything to keep the same order of things as before. The time, however, is moving forward, and conditions are changing. Those who cannot adapt and move on are left behind. They will only have two choices: one is to realize that change is inevitable and much needed, the other is to stay the same and be forgotten or left behind. Once again, this was the day of contemplating for Hem and Haw. It was raining almost every day now, and the nearby river was getting dangerously filled up. Haw was more reasonable and kept saying that the environment was changing, and they must do something to make sure that they would be safe in the future. Hem was careless and did not worry. He kept asking: “What changes do you want to see?” The world was an entity constantly moving and evolving in some form or another. Changes must be made according to the outside environment and the internal processes inside each person. Haw knew they had to move on to a different place or somehow modify their current place of stay in order to meet the conditions that weather placed before them. Haw would reply that the highest morality states that the truth must be accepted and followed no matter what, even though there are sometimes exceptions from the rules. Wanting to change his friend, Haw would ask: “Why is change important?” As usual, Hem did not care and wanted to keep the old life. But Haw knew that change was important because everything that happened had begun with some form of change, as it seemed to define life. Either it was a conscious effort or the environment exhibited certain conditions that led to a change. Only a philosophical view on change could help. As such, Haw started thinking about morality and how it applies to change. His thought was that a person’s character qualities are important to himself/herself and the people who s/he is in cooperation with (Johnson, 2012). He knew that change is important because it leads to the evolution of an individual. It is also critical that the kinds of changes are noted and the person adjusts to them accordingly. In social views, people must do what is necessary in relation to the greater good. Haw began thinking about building rafts, houses in the trees, or some form of fortifications to keep the river out, as the water was rising rapidly, and the rains did not stop for a week. Meanwhile, Hem became so careless that he let all his supplies and other useful things be taken by the overflowing water. One morning, when the thunder and lightning were making the weather even worse, Haw asked: “What are the implications of refusing to change?” Hem just made a hand gest
Introduction Muslims derive the laws that govern them from many sources. The Qur’an is the most important source of law for the Muslims, followed by the Hadith. Hadith is the compilation of the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad and his companions. The companions were the students of Prophet Muhammad. These compilations have been passing down many generations up to the present. Many scholars have tried to expound on the hadith throughout history. Their writings have also been included in the hadith. However, some hadiths are not authentic because their writers either altered their original meanings or falsified some facts. This discussion therefore looks into the efforts of scholars in trying to distinguish between the true hadiths from the fabricated ones in order to prevent the Muslims from being misled. The Science of Hadith The hadith is divided into two parts. The first part includes the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad and his companions (matn) while the other part contains the chain of transmitters of the information from Prophet Muhammad through many generations (isnad). Muslims look at the chain of transmitters in determining what text are authentic. Each hadith has the text, the chain of reporters and the first sentence of the text (taraf). The hadith is classified by Muslims into four sections. The first consists of the statements of the Prophet Muhammad, the second includes his deeds, the third includes the deeds of the Prophet Muhammad’s companions, and the fourth contains Allah’s inspired words through Prophet Muhammad, which are not written in the Qur’an (Kamali 7). The science of the hadith involves the quest of hadith scholars to assess the narrations contained in the hadith in order to separate the true accounts from the ones that have been fabricated. The science of hadith enhances the understanding of the Qur’an by the Muslims. There is a raging controversy on whether the hadith should continue being used as a source of religious instruction. Opponents of the hadith cite reasons like its inaccuracy and irrelevance in the modern setting. Authentication of the hadith was necessary as some hadiths contain misleading facts due to inaccuracy of the text, forgetfulness of some facts by the reporters and deceitfulness and fabrication of other texts. Since the days of Prophet Muhammad, authenticity of the hadith was a matter of great concern. For instance, Prophet Muhammad told the compani
The prevention of patient injuries is of primary concern in the modern health care environment. This issue is significant on the national level as well. Despite such attention and urgency, the rates of patients injuring because of fall increase across the United States. Statistics shows that many patients (more than 50%) face risks of becoming injured in nursing settings. Such a situation cannot be neglected. Almost every nurse who has even the minimum experience can recall a case when the patient has fallen. A prolonged staying in the hospital due to injuries is a typical practice. (“Special Supplement to American Nurse Today — Best Practices for Falls Reduction: a Practical Guide,” 2011). The nurse should take into consideration aspects that influence the possibility of injuries in nursing settings. Injuries and fall prevention measures should be chosen carefully. Thus, there are universal fall precautions that nurses use regardless of the health condition. Besides, it is the task of the nurse to assess possible risk factors. Universal fall precautions aim at making patient’s environment protected, safe, and comfortable ( Which Fall Prevention Practices Do You Want to Use n.d.). Essential fall precautions include:   * To make the patient aware of his or her environment;   * Demonstrate the usage of the call light;   * Make sure that patient can reach call light without too many efforts;   * There should be secure and robust handrails in room, bathroom, and hall;   * The bed should be placed in low position when the patient is going to have a rest;   * Bed brakes should be locked;   * Floor surface should be dry;   * Wheelchair should also be in a locked position when it is not used;   * There should be not many objects in patient’s room; These measures are essential. They assist in the efficient safeguarding of patients and improve the quality of health care services.
Introduction The Multimodal Hand Washing Program helps to toughen public health essentials, comprising bacterial disease examination, test discovery, and epidemiologic analysis. The program as well recognizes and implements high-level public health interventions to minimize bacterial disease infections. Concerted efforts in order to avoid and control dangerous bacterial diseases are capable of yielding dramatic outcomes over a short time; reducing the disease load and health disparities while saving lives and money (Stutz et al., 2009). Priorities of program components comprise identifying and validating novel tools for disease deterrence and control and increasing the particular adoption and wide application of established methods for minimizing illness, as well as death from conditions associated with special concern. The discovery and validation of effective instruments for disease control encompass new vaccines, approaches and tools for disease control and diagnosis, as well as interventions to reduce disease transferred by animals and parasites. Improving Access, Cost, and Quality of the Program Realizing Multimodal Hand Washing Program’s vision of a healthy, active health system, ready and competent to avert and control infectious illnesses and react to new and developing risks, necessitates the maintained, organized, and harmonized endeavors of majority health personnel, stakeholders, and other agencies (Creedon, 2005). The Multimodal Framework is formulated to progress these attempts, optimally applied in several capacities, for instance, community groups. Improving the access, cost, and quality of the program requires collaborating with federal and state health agencies to maintain and transform health essentials and tackle priority bacterial disease issues. Additionally, the collaboration of health care and other organizations to raise actions and to invent and build policies that enhance the nation’s health status is required. The multimodal program also assists local community leaders and corporate entities advance local response readiness (Picheansathian, Pearson, & Suchaxaya, 2008). Teaching the public concerning the organized efforts required in averting and controlling bacterial diseases and their task in promoting health is imperative towards ensuring the quality and accessibility of the program. Intensification of lab-oriented disease examination nationally necessitates promoting partnerships, policies and motivations, and education that promotes the capability of medical test for bacteria, such as drug-resistant bacteria. Improving access, cost, and quality of the program as well requires improving scrutiny for strange health incidents, for instance, rising bacterial illnesses and diseases triggered by outbreaks, through approaches like examining health record of patients from various backgrounds. The quality of the program can be improved by applying emerging health information technological techniques to offer quick response
Introduction Although all human languages are equal in power considering the nature of appreciation each society gives its native language, Arabic has always been one of the most superior languages spoken by the human species, because of its universality and spiritual significance. Arabic is the native language of more than two hundred and fifty million Arabs in the world. Essay In addition, as compared to other languages that keep on changing their grammar and syntax as researchers endeavor to understand such languages more, Arabic has maintained its grammar and most of its vocabulary all throughout history. For example, although English is one of the most spoken languages, there exist different versions of the English language depending one’s country of origin. Moreover, although most individuals may refute its superiority on grounds that it is the Koran that has sustained its strength among its users, this is something that is illogical, because apart from being the language of the Koran, it is the only language that has not been affected by the human codification. Therefore, Arabic is a versatile language with words that can be used to imply different meanings without any contradictions in understanding the context under which they is used (Jordan, Paterson, & Almabruk, 2010, pp. 426-428). One of the primary factors that have made Arabic to remain the most superior language on earth is the amount of splendor and potency of most Arabic words. Although most translators have endeavored to translate the original version of Arabic as it appears in the Koran, such efforts have remained fruitless over the years, as it is impossible to give the translations an exact meaning as the ones inferred in the original Arabic texts. Hence, although the world appreciates English as one of the most superior languages, contrary to the numerous difficulties that are involved when translating Arabic to other languages, it is very easy to translate English to other languages. In addition, as evidenced by the poetic richness of the Koran, Arabic is one of the most poetic languages. As a result of the poetic nature of Arabic, over the years understanding the Koran has been one of the most difficult endeavors for most Muslims; hence, the tendency of most fanatics of Islam to recite the holy Koran rather than understand it fully. Although most individuals may refute the superiority of Arabic on grounds that it is a barrier to understanding even important holy books such as the Koran, it is important for individuals to note that, its uniqueness and time required to become proficient with Arabic is what makes Arabic unique (Sherriff, 2010, P.1). Further, although most languages have evolved from their original forms, over the years Arabic has maintained its grammar and syntax. For example, as compared to the English grammar that was used during the times of Shakespeare, modern day English grammar is very different. Hence, if individuals who were born in the 19 th and 20 th century are taken back to live in the ancient times, they will not be able to communicate, although
Value of Twitter and other forms of Social Networking tools Social Networking tools used currently with the majority of individuals are:   * Twitter;   * Instagram;   * Facebook;   * Twoo;   * Yahoo Messenger;   * E.t.c. Application in business   * Medium of advertising their products and services.   * Means of communicating to customers through responding to their complaints and suggestions.   * Means of establishing a personal relationship with the customers.   * Promotes brand loyalty as the customers feel the business cares for them. Value Addition in business   * Reach clients not easily accessible through conventional methods of media adverts such as television and radio (Kadushin, 2012).   * A cheap means of advertising.   * Promotes timely feedback both on the advantages and disadvantages of their products.   * Ensures the business is in touch with the latest trends in the market. Real life Application “Dell is believed to have generated more than $3m in incremental revenue through Twitter within a year” (Social media: A tactical tool or a core business strategy, p.1). Dell is a reputable electronics company, yet in some ways it has embraced the use of social networking sites; thus, this is a largely untapped potential goldmine that can add a lot of value to the business. Doing away with social sites during working hours   * The most important question is whether or not the use of social networking sites should be done with or not?   * Also, are there benefits of allowing the use of social networking sites during working hours? If yes, what are they?   * What do other scholars think about this issue? Arguments For and Against   * Most employees are young and techno conversant. Hence, they clearly understand the company’s rules which require them to separate their personal lives and work.   * Employees may use the sites to find new information that leads to the increased revenues of the company.   * They also interact with their peers working for the competitors and thus get information about the latest trends in the market (Kadushin, 2012).   * They also learn new laws that are directly or indirectly related to the company’s business and in this case the company is not justified to cut off this form of communication as it could lead to reduced sales and revenues of the company.   * There is also a remedy if the company believes employees are wasting time, then they should advocate for them to have two social networking accounts just as it is advocated by Alan Katz’s, who “finds the now-common practice of having multiple Facebook accounts, one personal and one business, to be a smart strategy for using the site” (Galentine, p.2).   * It is also through the social media that we are able to research the different preferences of our potential customers or corporate companies.   * Thus, in the work process we are able to provide a service that suits them and meets their immediate and long term needs.   * Restricting access to social media from now henceforth, will banish us to offering services and products to our customers that they may not like. This will lead to dissatisfaction a
This case revolves around the international sale of goods act and the law of contract. Goodscan Company which is located in Paris wants to sell goods to Hospitex hospital situated in Toronto. The legal bodies involve their members into negotiations on behalf of them. A representative of Goodscan travels to Toronto to contract with Hospitex hospital’s representative. He offers to sell five X-ray machines at 200,000 Canadian dollars per unit; the offer is accepted with condition that the goods are to be delivered by March 1, 2003. This brings to existence a binding contract between Hospitex hospital and Goodscan Company. They also include the FOB clause in their contract meant to help in case the goods are destroyed while in transit and also to decide who settles the transportation cost. The first contract was breached by the Goodscan Company since they had violated its initial terms. Goodscan Company through its representative changed the price at which the goods were to be sold and informed the CEO of Hospitex company about that. The CEO was under pressure as the company needed to receive the X-ray units in time, he agreed to the new price. The products were then delivered at a different date from that agreed and also one X-ray unit was damaged in transit. This amounts to a total breach of contract, and Hospitex hospital is the aggrieved party in this scenario. The offer by Goodscan Company to sell the units at a new total cost of 1,100,000 Canadian dollars, accepted by Hospitex hospital, brought into existence a different contract. This contract had the price as its only term because the rest conditions were not clearly stated as per phone conversation, so the terms of the original contract cannot be assumed as relevant. Hospitex hospital’s representative made a mistype in the word ‘Goodscan’ when filling in the payment information, and this led to the delay in date of receiving the cash by the Goodscan company representatives. It was only Hospitex hospital that had a right to sue for breach of contract as the terms of the first contract were not honoured by Goodscan Company. The goods were to be sold at a total price of 1,000,000 Canadian dollars. This term was particularly violated. Hospitex hospital should have received the goods by March 1 as per agreement; that condition was also not met. Hospitex hospital received the equipment later and one X-ray unit was damaged. The inclusion of FOB clause in the contract would have helped sort out the issue, since as per the contract, goods in transit would belong to the sender that was responsible for any damages during the transit process. Hospitex hospital can sue Goodscan for breach of contract based on these legal facts. On the other hand, Goodscan Company has no right to go to the court because Hospitex hospital did not breach any terms of the initial contract. The second contract negotiated via