ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Directed by Clint Eastwood, Mystic River is a masterpiece exploring diverse elements both social and personal among them decision-making. Running from Dave’s abduction through killing of Katie to the eventual death of Dave, Mystic River ’s informative aspect takes precedence over the entertainment one. In many aspects, this movie acts as a cautionary tale; a warning about what may happen when people, driven mainly by emotion act too quickly and too harshly based on inferences that may not be reliable. Analysis The main characters in this movie believe that Dave killed Katie even though their inferences are unreliable. Powers believes Dave killed Katie because he was the last person to see her alive. This is illogical and unfounded argument. Again, the fact that Dave has injured his hand makes almost everyone believe he injured it in the incidence that left Katie dead. Celeste Boyle, Dave’s wife thinks that Dave killed Katie because of his unusual behavior and the fact that he lied he injured his hand in the garbage disposal whilst she knows well he got involved in a fight, which left someone dead. She thinks that this dead person is Katie in-spite of Dave telling her that he killed a mugger. Jimmy on his part believes Celeste’s side of the story and holds that Dave killed Katie. Nevertheless, even though these accusations leveled against Dave are inconclusive and incompetent because no one can explicitly implicate Dave in Katie’s killing, all his accusers hold fast on to what they “think” is true. Jimmy finally kills Dave for he strongly believes that he killed his daughter and this is what may happen when people make decisions based on emotions without reliable inferences. Decisions made on basis of fear and suspicion may turn tragic; something Celeste has to learn from her behavior. She has her own fears all along; however, Dave’s strange behavior is so scaring that she confesses to Jimmy that she suspects Dave killed Katie. She says, “He’s been acting kind of nuts lately. I am almost afraid of him” (Eastwood). Firstly, Dave admits to Celeste that he swung at a mugger only to change the version of the story by telling his friends and investigators that he injured his hand at the garbage disposal. This unusual behavior drives Celeste to tell Jimmy that she thinks Dave is responsible for Katie’s murder. However, the mere suspicions surround
With the rapid development of communications, flicking through the channels has become a major challenge. The matter is that satellite television today provide enormous amount of reality shows, talk shows, documentaries for all tastes and ages. As far as reality shows are concerned, American Idol is first that comes to my mind. Vast advertising and promotion of the show has made it one of the most popular reality shows among the younger audience. The reality shows concern itself with the relations between the world of television and the real world. As it has already been mentioned, American Idol mostly caters for the audience of people under 30. There are some factors that account for the extreme popularity of this reality show throughout the world. The first thing that makes it appealing to the public is the continuous narrative and the element of competition as American Idol is a contest reality show. The next factor that makes this show immensely popular within the public is that it features common people who make their way to success, thus, suggesting the idea to viewers that quickly become popular is possible to everyone. Consequently, it may be assumed that the viewers maintain some kind of connection with the contestants by means of emotional anxiety. On the other hand, watching this reality show most of the audience relate the situation of contestants to their life. In other words, the viewers imagine being in contestants’ shoes enjoying the fame and success. In this way TV show gives people the feelings of uniqueness. However, the significance of interaction between viewers and contestants should not be underrated. Since the age of contestants is virtually the same as the viewers’, they appear to be representatives of the same generation that was raised on the same principles and share the same experience. Moreover, being a show about pop music American Idol attracts more audiences since the notion of the popularity of music is implied by its name. As far as the emotional response to the show is concerned, it might not be unanimous and should not be unanimous. The success of any show is the presence of various characters that oppose and contradict each other which creates an atmosphere of constant tension. In addition, determining the winner through messaging o
Executive Summary Ineffective communication is a predicament that has the potential to affect the performance of firms. Organizational leaders should be aware of the possible causes of such a problem and provide the best solution within the shortest time. If left unaddressed, poor communication is capable of discouraging employees from focusing on their roles, working as a team, and delivering the outlined aims within the stipulated period. The presence of barriers is the selected and analyzed communication-related problem experienced in different business organizations. The presence of this challenge affects the manner in which employees share ideas, solve emerging problems, and focus on the best ways to improve profitability. The introduction of new training methods can help more workers overcome their differences, be willing to communicate more effectively, and solve some of the recorded barriers. The approach is realistic, implementable, and affordable. It would be acceptable to more workers and eventually help the targeted company record positive gains. Kurt Lewin’s change theory remains a superior model for introducing this evidence-based solution. The model is simple and can help more workers be prepared for the intended change and eventually transform the recorded organizational culture. Companies need to consider such insights in an effort to improve the effectiveness and nature of communication. Introduction Communication remains one of the key priorities that business firms should take into consideration. It describes the commitment of workers, the manner in which they share information, and the manner in which organizational objectives are realized. However, some problems emerge within the field that have the potential to affect organizational performance. The selected communications-related problem for this analysis is the presence of barriers. The presence of barriers in the workplace could be triggered or caused by various factors, including poor leadership, undefined standards, and absence of proper guidelines to engage all workers. When left unchecked, firms and big corporations can record increased losses due to poor employee involvement. Companies that fail to address this issue will experience
Marriage is a union between two people, which is unique through the qualities that each person brings into the relationship. Even though this union is made official and sacred there are times when a marriage does not work out and so, is split apart in a way of divorce. The essay by Anne Roiphe titled “Why Marriages Fail”, analyzes the reasons for the divorce and looks at the qualities of a healthy versus unhealthy marriage (Roiphe 3). Anne Roiphe’s purpose in writing this essay is to highlight what problems a married couple faces, what are the best ways to keep the union strong and how to find ways to overcome hardships (Roiphe 2). The essay’s general message is that every marriage will definitely have points of conflict, which will test the strength of each person’s feelings towards their partner and the marriage in general. But, also, it gives advice on how to behave in a marriage and what to do in case problem areas develop (Roiphe 3). The target audience consists of people who are adults and are either married or not. For children or teenagers, it would be hard to understand the complexities and nuances of a serious relationship because of lack of life experience and theoretical knowledge. But adults and married couples have gained enough insight into the world and people’s relationships that they can comprehend and use the advice
Introduction Information technology is similar to other aspects of life; it contains both positive and negative effects on users. Information technology is however viewed by many as the best innovation of the 21 st century. Information technology has brought with it both positive and negative effects on the users. The positive benefits outweigh the negative, but some negative implications could potentially have an extreme implication to the users. The presence of these potentially negative impacts means that the extra security should be put in place to ensure that their interests are protected. In this essay, the negative impacts of technology on individuals, organizations, and society as a whole are observed. Negative impacts on individuals Information technology has had an impact on the individuals, and its dependence has been increasing. However, some negative attributes are still present. Firstly, information technology is regarded as one of the factors contributing to increased unemployment rates. Its use has reduced the dependence of the human input as computers can analyze information faster than humans can. Economic consequences, loss of income, social consequences, loss of status, and less self-esteem are some of the negative effects of adopting the technology. The effect on individuals as a smaller can replace a huge workforce number with automation knowledge and equally handle their roles. Secondly, the interpersonal interaction has been reduced. The increase in information technology has reduced the physical interaction. The physical interactions are reduced as social media has become the interaction medium for most people. These relationships may affect one’s ability to relate to family and friends. A lot of time is also used up on the internet and on games and thus reduces the productivity of individuals. Finally, a more sedentary lifestyle is adopted by many users as they engage in information-oriented occupation. This changed lifestyle has increased the health problems among the population. Negative Impacts on Organizations Information technology has some negative impacts on the organizations, and the ability of these organizations to adapt to the changing world will determine their survival. Firstly, the cost of implementing information technology initiatives is high. The hardware and software components are expensive. Maintaining the systems and keeping up with the changes is high as data protection and quality must be maintained by the organization to prevent any cases of legal liability. Secondly, the increased dependence on information technology by organizations has also increased their vulnerability. The protection of their business data and also data for their customers is crucial. The use of information technology has brought this problem, and this organization must constantly update their systems to ensure that this vulnerability is controlled. Finally, internet trading has increased competition. An or
Introduction Causes of Hyperinflation in Germany (1914-1923) Countries use different currencies for the exchange of goods and services. Wars in a country increase government expenditure and thus debt crisis in a county and inflation. The inflation was caused by the government of Germany’s increased printing of new money, which resulted in a sharp increase of prices of goods. The officials of the Central bank of Germany thought the cause of hyperinflation was the depreciation of the mark in foreign exchange currency. The Central Bank of Germany embarked on printing more and more currency. Hyperinflation was a blessing to some people. The business elites welcomed the inflation. This is because they were able to clear their debts. The intelligent business leaders were able to cushion themselves from the crisis by borrowing from the Bank to purchase cheap goods. This was lacking. Secondly, the true reason for hyperinflation was hidden by the political class. Lastly, inflation was sparked by the reparation payments signed by Germany to end the war. Germany feared losing gold, foreign exchange and wealth. The burden of the peace treaty is the major cause of inflation in the opinions of the public and the business elites. However, inflation led to the picking up of the German economy after the war. The post war inflation contributed to increased production in Germany. By the year 1921 Germany started recovering from the recession while other countries were still struggling with the crisis. Hyperinflation affects businesses, farmers, stock markets, mortgage industry, foreign exchange. Responses of the Federal Reserve on Economic Crisis The Federal Reserve Bank is mandated to apply monetary policies and non fiscal policies to ensure that there is slow government spending to contain inflation. The Bank applies non fiscal policy in ensuring the slow government spending is achieved. The recent global economic crisis has had great impacts on businesses across the world. This global recession that affected America has been the worst after World War II. The recent economic crisis has been a jig-saw puzzle for the Federal Reserve Bank on the ability to bail out banks and other financial institutions as well as nonfinancial institutions. The Federal Reserve implemented large liquidity into the credit sector to try to ensure that they continued lending to their customers during the global recession. The other responses of the bank during the crisis include; lowering of the discount rate to half, lastly, the Federal Reserve Bank extended provision of liquidity to include nontraditional lending institutions to bail them out. The bank is a regulator of the markets and has enabled to lend to banks so that risks of financial crisis can be thwarted. The Federal Reserve Bank has established a reserve of $9 trillion during the recent crisis that hit the American economy (Sundance, 2011). Oil plays a critical role in the manufacturing of fertilizers. The high costs of oil coupled with high t
Introduction Division of labor is an economic theory that has been in use for many centuries. As a result, there have been several definitions accorded to the term depending on the use of the theory. However, a more acceptable version that has been relied on by many is that of Peter Groenewegen in the New Palgrave’s Dictionary of economics (1987, p. 901) which defines division of labor as the “division of a process or employment into parts, each of which is carried out by a separate person”. This is to mean that individuals will cooperate with or without their conscious to perform processes or employment that is divided. The question that results is, why and how the separation of people in processes and employment concurs with the social and economic consequences? This question and many others are best answered using the evolution of the ideas generated from the theory of division of labor. This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of the evolution of the division of labor theory starting from the ancient Greek economists such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx and William Petty, among others to the present. The analysis will begin by examining the relationship between increasing returns and the division of labor as stipulated by Smith. This will be followed by the important insights by Karl Marx on the division of labor in the society and division of labor in manufacturing. The theories of other great economists on the division of labor theory will also be explored and finally comparing them to the modern theory of division of labor. The history of Division of labor Theory The evolutionary history of the theory of division of labor has been explained through various mechanisms. It was long ago used by the Sumerians to group their jobs and thereafter allocate them to the skilled people in the society. However, according to Plato Socrates, the origin of the theory of division of labor is based on two main facts. The first one is the fact that human beings are endowed with different abilities (Bogers 2). The argument states that if at all human beings had equal strengths and abilities then the issue of division of labor would not have arisen since everyone can perform all tasks. Secondly is the issue of the variation in the external conditions on the earth. This again leads to the creation of division of labor since had all the external production conditions been similar everywhere, then division of labor would have been of no use. After the realization of the theory of division of labor, several economists have tried to argue their points on this theory. The Ancient Theories on Division of Labor Adam Smith Adam Smith is one of the greatest economics known who lived from the year 1723 to 1790. He engaged in many works in the economics field where he had major contributions in the theory of the division of labor. Smith
Introduction In this instructional manual, the details pertaining to the iPhone 5s series of apple phones is outlined. Appendix 1 is a schematic representation of the phone. The manual explains the basics of operating the phone. Also, the manual illustrates how to get started with respect to the phone’s operations. Details pertaining to the use of Siri and other features of the phone are elaborated with the intention of making the application of the machine easy (Eunson 23). Features and Accessories The iPhone 5s has several features and accessories which make up for the phone’s operations. As indicated in appendix 1, the phone has a total of 12 features. In point form, the features are as follows:   * A face time camera.   * An isight camera.   * A rear microphone.   * A SIM card tray.   * A speaker.   * A lightning connector.   * A home button.   * Sleep/wake button.   * Headset jack.   * Volume buttons.   * Bottom microphone.   * Multi-touch display.   * Receiver microphone.   * A face time camera. The iPhone 5s also comes with a number of accessories which aid in the operations of the phone. Appendices 2, 3, 4, and 5 illustrate the main accessories that come with the phone. They include the following:  1. An Apple headset: The phone work with the Apple EarPods to allow one to listen to music and videos and to make phone calls.  2. A connecting cable: The cable, also known as a USB, connects the phone to an external computer for synchronization purposes. The cable is also used to charge the phone.  3. An Apple USB power adaptor: The adaptor is used in conjunction with the connecting cable to power up the phone  4. SIM eject tool: This accessory should be used to eject a SIM card from the tray Getting Started There are a number of processes that should be followed before one can use the iPhone. In this section, the preliminary actions are outlined: Installing the SIM An iPhone 5s uses a Nano-SIM card for the purposes of making use of the cellular services. The services include making phone calls and internet connectivity the SIM card is inserted into the phone through the SIM card tray using the eject tool mentioned. Activation of the Phone The activation process requires a live network. To this end, a wireless network or the cellular network becomes necessary. The following steps should be undertaken:   * Connect to an internet network (Wi-Fi or cellular).   * Create an Apple ID.   * Enter the necessary passcode.   * Set up an iCloud account.   * Ensure all the necessary features are turned on. Phone Usage Making a phone call The process of making a phone call begins with the selection of a contact from the phonebook. One can either use the Siri software to select a contact or scroll to the phone book manually. Using Siri one needs only utter the phrase, “call Tom” and the contact will be called. Accepting a call One accepts a call by sliding or tapping on the green icon that appears on the screen. The red icon that appears is meant for declining a phone call. Siri Siri is the software that is used to carry out a number of operations on the phone. The software works on the principle of voice control. Siri works for all the
Introduction NYS OMH operates more than 4500 facilities, including 1300 psychiatrist facilities in the New York State. It has its Headquarters based at Albany. It conducts mental health research with the goal of providing prevention, treatment and recovery. Furthermore, it provides state operated inpatient and outpatient mental health support and services to residents of the state of New York. Its major obligation is to secure its own Information systems and information resources collected or created as part of its ongoing business. IT is requisite to guarantee security of data and protection of confidential information belonging to different clients and patients. So, one of its important undertakings is security of data to ensure Privacy of clients and patients. NYS OMH is a non – profit organization, which is a constituent of the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene Inc. It aims at improving research and training. NYS OMH undertakes its activities using the latest IT available, this enables easy and fast communication between the field offices and the headquarters. The state of New York has the largest multi faceted mental health system that serves over 700, 000 persons (NYS OMH, 2012). Thus, the information being handled by the organization is prone to breach due to enhancement of computer Technology. Security breach is the violation of the set protocols, procedures, and processes by a third party. In organizations like NYS OMH, this kind of vice needs not be a factor so as to enable smooth operation of the organization and still be able to achieve its goals. Types of Security Breach In such an organization security, breach is not something that can just be written off. There are two kinds of security breach: Internal and External security breach, which can present as an electronic security breach (data security breach) and physical security breach. Electronic security breach involves duplication of data through shared storage media like flash disks or interception of data on transmission by hackers without authorization for malicious purposes. On the other hand, physical security breach involves the loss of back up storage media, usually different types of hard disks. Under internal security breach, there is the (Electronic Security Breach) IT security breach and the (Physical Security breach) physical theft of assets of the organization. It is classified as internal in the sense that an insider (employee) facilitates the occurrence of the security breach by leaking out confidential information about the company. Figure 1: A line graph of security breach at NYS OMH in 3-month period for 2011 The above graph (Figure 1) shows the rate of security breach at NYS OMH for the past one year. From the graph, it can be concluded that internal secur