ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The environment in Trident nuclear submarine was quiet and calm which indicates that there was a satisfactorily good working environment for the members of staff as no one felt oppressed. Good working environment where members of staff feel valued is essential in motivating them to perform well no matter how difficult the task is. This fact is confirmed where the organization had a policy in which the employees were praised in public and penalized in privacy. Praising employees in public assists in raising their self-esteem thus encouraging hard work while penalizing in privacy is important in covering embarrassing situations an employee may face as a result of underperforming thus giving room for improvement. After Michael Alfonzo took over the organization’s leadership, he started showing dictatorial tendencies in his leadership. For example he stated that he was going to be harder on the members of staff thus employing fear tactics in his leadership. When members of staff develop fear in organization leadership, they become less motivated towards work and concentrate on how they can avoid situations and actions that may put them in trouble thus reducing their general productivity. Employees who work under fear lose interest and love for their jobs and the leadership thus increasing the chance of conflict and poor job performance. Several issues may have contributed to Alfonzo becoming a dictatorial leader. One of the factors is that Alfonzo wanted to show other members of staff that he was the boss and so they should obey and follow his command without any question. The use of fear tactic was to silence members of staff so that he would remain the sole decision-maker and ward off any criticism. Alfonzo might have wanted to achieve fame through high performance and so he used oppressive tactics to compel members of staff to work as hard as possible. Through his leadership tactics, USS Florida achieved the best grades assigned for inspections and certification but he left his members of staff highly battered as a result of emotional and physical intimidation. A leader should be more concerned with high-quality interpersonal relationships than high grades and so the decision by Admiral Sullivan to fire Alfonzo was justified. Employees play a major role in the success of an organization as it is through the input of their skills and physical effort that assist an organization to achieve its goals. High-quality interpersonal relationships assist in motivating the employees who in turn perform well which is important for a long term success of the company other than giving priority to grades which is a short term prospect for the company because employees will be forced to perform well through intimidation thus putting an organization in a long term danger of not achieving its goals. Admiral Sullivan did the right thing in firing Alfonzo as he considered the long-term prospects of the organization which can only be achieved through good relationship with the staff. The five major components of emotional intelligence are self-regulation, self-awareness, internal motivation, social skills and empathy. Alfonzo’s emotional intellige
Introduction According to Vargas, Hernandez & Bruque (2003), from the start of the computer era, a large number of studies have been conducted which have made a prediction of a number of positive effects that come up from the IT implementation. Looking at it from the strategic perspective, information could have an effect on each of every competitive strategies presented by Porter, “whether it be cost leadership, differentiation or specialization in a market niche, or efficiency in activities involved in the value chain” (Vargas, Hernandez & Bruque, 2003, p.246). In the course of the 1980s as well as in the 1990s, there was publication of several cases and articles in the professional press which made a prediction of a net increase in the business results of the business organizations that made an investment in the information technology (Vargas, Hernandez & Bruque, 2003). Basing on most recent findings a big portion of the positive effects of information technology on business results tends to be inherent in the fact that technology boosted organizational changes like restructuring into “interdisciplinary workshops, an increase in decision making autonomy, and a support for worker training” (Brynjolfsson & Hit, 2000, p.25). In addition, there has been identifying a number of human and management factors that offer a complementary effect together with technology, such a perception is in the line with the so-called “strategic necessity hypothesis by which IT is a necessary but not sufficient factor in improving competitive position” (Vargas, Hernandez & Bruque, p.246). However, the link between information technology and competitive advantage goes on to be greatly argued over. Most of the studies that were conducted earlier were carried out on the basis of the stock market results evolution of the companies that heavily utilized information technology, so that they could not feel the effect of fluctuations in the market (Vargas, Hernandez & Bruque, 2003, 246). Such companies realized a strong rise in their worth in the last decade but eventually suffered an abrupt and sharp change tendency (Lee, 2001). However, in the current day, business organisations can be in a position to realize sustainable competitive advantage if they use IT in the most suitable way in dealing with business requirements. These organisations have to be aware of the way to apply IT in their own organizational activities as well as processes. Such awareness is very essential to the success of the organisation. According to Talebnejad (2008), evidence that has been presented by studies that were conducted in the recent times indicates that implementing successful business strategies by making use of IT has contributed to the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of the organisations. He points out that in the year 2004, the relation between the investment in IT and the sales performance of five hundred big firms in the U.S were studied (Talebnejad, 2008).
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion was both an engineering tragedy that had extensive social, environmental, and economic consequences. 11 people died, 115 individuals suffered emotional turmoil, several were injured, the local economy was disrupted, and marine ecosystems were destroyed. The primary ethical issues involved in the tragedy included the legal and moral obligations toward human and wildlife health and safety, as well as the environment. Scientists could not accurately predict the long-term effects of the spill on wildlife and the ecosystem. However, the immediate effects were observable in the form of dead wildlife and workers. Poor good design, inadequate centralizers, the exclusion of a cement bond log, and the decision to leave out a lockdown sleeve led to the explosion. BP allowed unprofessionalism to pervade the project and, as a result, but the health, safety, and welfare of the people and the environment at risk. They chose lowering costs over ethical decision-making. Unprofessionalism, disregard for safety, and cost-cutting were among the causes of the tragic explosion. BP management’s actions betrayed the trust the public had in the company because, to them, reducing expenses was more important than protecting the environment and enhancing human safety. The tragedy tarnished their reputation. However, taking responsibility and paying for the damages improved thei
O’Connor’s “Good Country People” is a story that revolves around Joy-Hulga the main protagonist and Manley Pointer, the antagonist. Joy who later changes her name to Hulga has lost a leg during a childhood accident and is fitted with a wooden leg. She holds a doctorate in philosophy and has a disdain for her mother’s southern, Christian manners. She leads a reclusive life, till one day she happens to meet a charming Bible salesman named Manley Pointer. She connects with the salesman instantly due to her declaration of atheism. Their friendship develops in an intimate vein and it leads to a secluded loft in a barn. Manley Pointer in an intimate moment, asks her to take off her artificial leg. When she agrees to remove her prosthetic leg, he grabs her wooden leg, stuffs it into his suitcase, and leaves her stranded in the loft. Thesis: Flannery O’Connor builds the plot of “Good Country People” on the theme of deceptive appearances using a framework of symbolism and irony. The eleme
Introduction/Summary This case analysis deals with the actions of Mr. Knight when he terminated Ms. Nelson for being “too attractive”. Ms. Nelson has worked as a dental assistant for Mr. Knight for the past ten years. She has enjoyed her job immensely, and there have been no issues at work thus far. However, within the past year, Mr. Knight’s attitude has subtly shifted resulting in him becoming more physically active and more confident in his actions. He started engaging Ms. Nelson in increasingly personal conversations, some of which were sexual. Ms. Nelson believed that these actions were simply Mr. Knight going through a mid-life crisis. Unfortunately, her reciprocation of these actions in the form of friendly banter, which were completely innocent in her opinion since she was married, was viewed negatively by his wife resulting in her termination for being “too attractive” since Mr. Knight would be tempted to sleep with her. Ms. Nelson believed such a situation to be a form of wrongful termination and thus took action via the local court system. Strategic Issues On the surface, the case seems to imply some form of discrimination taking place since Melissa Nelson was fired for being “too attractive”. However, several factors need to be taken into consideration. The first matter that should be considered is that Ms. Nelson has worked for Dr. Knight for the past ten years. She stated that the work environment was great and that she enjoyed her job (Johnson & Jolly, 2014). This shows that from the onset of her experience at the dental practice, she was not discriminated against. Gender discrimination lawsuits are not based on differences in gender alone; rather, they are based on the working conditions and opportunities that are afforded to different sexes within a workplace. A successful gender discrimination lawsuit should show that there is a significant difference in work conditions and opportunities for men and women. Without showing this level of preference, a discrimination case cannot be successful. In the case study presented, the employees in Mr. Knight’s dental practice are mostly women. This limits the ability of any case filed against Mr. Knight that he is intentionally discriminating against women since it is clear that work conditions and opportunities are all equal for them. The second issue to consider is that Iowa is an employment-at-will state which means that a person can be fired for a wide variety of reasons so long as it is not due to a person’s gender, race, nationality, race, age, religion, age or because they got pregnant. Based on information from Iowa’s Civil Rights Commission, employers can terminate an employee at their discretion so long as it does not touch on the “protected classes” mentioned above. This means that an employer can terminate someone for either being too short, too tall, not showing enthusiasm for wo
Introduction Contemporary research in the sphere of child psychology has proved that over a forty years period, “behavioral parent training has evolved into a more sophisticated array of parenting interventions” that have proved their usefulness in a significant number of contexts (Reis, Sprecher, & Sprecher, 2009, p. 157). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be considered to be one of such contexts. The seriousness of the problem can be proven by statistical information, stating that nowadays there are about four million children suffering from ADHD in the USA (Wender, 2000, p. 4). Coch et al. (2007) also state that ADHD affects about 3-7% of children of school age, stressing possible difficulties connected with ADHD, such as “academic underachievement, disturbed family relations, and peer rejection” (p. 239). What is more, socialization is a necessary process for children, which enables them to form their values and norm and become adequate citizens of society, however, it is difficult for children with ADHD (Huang et al., 2003, p. 275). These facts considered, it is possible to state that the seriousness of ADHD accounts for the necessity of the use of behavioral parental training as the treatment of the disorder. Definition Behavioral parenting training is considered to be one of the most frequently used behavioral interventions for parents who have children that demonstrate the signs of behavior problems (Maughan et al., 2005). Mah and Johnson (2008) qualify it as one of the most effective ways “to change parenting behavior” and define it as “evidence-based treatment for externalizing child behavior problems” (p. 219). The main basis for the training is formed with the help of social learning principles, that state that children are apt to learn “noncompliant behavior via an interaction of reinforcement processes and modeling from other people” that create a child’s environment (Wierson, & Forehand, 1994, p. 146). Since the parents are the most important actors in the environment of their children, they may be considered to be their teachers; this is the postulate of behavioral parenting training. Considering the definition and the essence of behavioral parenting training, it is necessary to mention that this type of treatment has changed a lot, initially being a clinic-based treatment, that provided individual family sessions for
Introduction The business environment has undergone numerous revolutions since the 19 th century. Many modern business organizations are now characterized by sophisticated strategies as competition continues to exert more pressure. In fact with the quest to reduce operational costs and achieve marketing efficiencies, critical thinking has become an instrumental value. The ever-growing business sector has imposed a lot of implications for organizational strategies. At the rudimental level, dynamism and uncertainty of the technological, economic and political environments have made company’s see the light of flexibility and responsiveness. (Ed.6 Grant 2007, p.320) The pace at which these developments are taking place has called for unique responses to certain business strategies. In the current business environment especially in the financial sector, new emerging problems have proved significantly controversial that traditional means can never be employed to achieve the best solution. This has subordinated business entrepreneurs into research specialists as they attempt to devise appropriate mechanisms in order to try solving these problems. In this chapter we look at some of the current problems facing these financial institutions and how they try to counter them. (ed.2 Baylis1987) Digitalization period (Banking Sector) Digitalization has affected banking industry in the following ways: Competition Competition in the banking sector has gone overboard. The introduction of new and powerful technologies has brought stiff competition in the banking industry where each and every financial organization has an ATM station where customers can go make withdrawals and deposits. Any bank that does not have this feature is likely to be left out as customers try to change their tastes to match those in the current economic world. With increased economic difficulties people are looking for financial institutions where they can be able to carry out their transactions with maximum cost efficiency. Banks would want to take the lead in recouping any benefits associated with adoption of a particular technology. (Beck etal 2000) Money transfer The introduction of credit and debit cards has ensured that banking can be done internationally. Business organizations and retail clients can transfer money through technological methods like wire transfers, master cards, visa electrons, express cards etc. This clearly shows how the banking sector has undergone revolution. Due to intense pressure from other small financial organizations any banks must change in order to continue being in operation. (Berger 2003) Communication Technology has transformed the whole world into a global village where communication across the international borders is possible within few seconds. Banks have ensured that communication between domestic branches as well as international is steadfast and important information can be sent and received via mails,
Adam Smith and Charles Darwin will be praised by generations and generations due to their intelligence in formulating various economic theories and ideas. However, the question of who between the two is the real intellectual founder of economics still lies in the minds of many people. This paper will address the main issues regarding the theory on the invisible hand by Adam Smith as well as assess the applicability of issues of the theory in real-life experience. The message of the article regarding the invisible hand is to some extent a true picture of reality. Most of the arguments concerning the theory are correct and applicable in the social-economic arena. The concept of people practicing in a free market to produce the best is practical and thus a selling point of the theory. However, the theory has faced immense critics and skepticism concerning the behavior of businessmen to lure customers. Smith’s arguments on the rival businessmen having stronger incentives are more realistic than, Darwin’s idea of greed. In this case, it is evident that; competition between businessmen doesn’t go to their benefit rather the consumer due to reduced prices and immense incentives. From another perspective, the results of the theory are however devastating and require control and regulation. Additionally, the idea by Adam smith that the free practice of businessmen will be for a common good is unrealistic. In order, to ensure fairness; regulations must be enforced in the market to avoid exploitation or unfair completion. Further, the theory on the invisible hand is perceived to be controversial in the argument that competition favors qualities and conduct and thus led to individual success, not group success or other species. According to Smith, qualities that enhance individual suitability sometimes support group welfare. On the contrary, relative performance is a key determinant to the success of individual or group interests. On this basis, the theory on the invisible hand is greatly challenged. In his case, the magnitude of success is proportional to the risk taken. The issue of the invisible hand is applicable in real-life experience in; culture, politics, society, or international relations. The behaviors of human beings are guided by personal interests which is similar to the concept of the invisible hand. In this case, issues in politics, international relations are directly induced by an individual or group interest; whereby the success is a product of the traits and the behaviors of the various parties. However, the issue of regulations is very vital since it will ensure fairness and avoid exploitation of the less fortunate. The issue of the applicability and viability of smith’s theory on the invisible hand is still a matter of discussion. Based on this, the class should further debate on the relevance of the theory; whereby the following questions will be debated. First, what are the main strong points on the viability of the theory of the invisible hand? Secondly, what are the major critics or shortcomings of the theory on the invisible hand by Adam Smith?
The first two chapters of Partha Chatterjee’s book seek to establish nationalism as an autonomous ideology. It does this by critically examining the works of early writers. The author does this by offering his views about the main arguments of the writers. The book begins with an examination of the theories of John Plamenatz, Elie Kedourie, Ernest Gellner, and Benedict Anderson. The first chapter named ‘Nationalism as a Problem in the History of Political Ideas’ attempts to give a background of the notion that nationalism impedes progress. The second chapter named ‘The Thematic and the problematic’ tries to distinguish between the thematic and the problematic levels of nationalist thought. Partha Chatterjee discusses eastern nationalism in the last four chapters of his book using India as an example. In chapter one, the author identifies nationalism as a problem in the world of political discussion. To advance this argument, he examines the works of other authors and manages to identify some major themes. He argues that in order to understand nationalism it is important to distinguish between two types of nationalism; western and eastern nationalism. Western nationalism originated from Europe and is alien to the colonized world. He observes that some early writers thought this form of nationalism was good. Western nationalism accepted civilization and modernization. This led to its characterization as a progressive form of nationalism. Western nationalism is thought to be consistent with European enlightenment. On the other hand, eastern nationalism found mainly in Asia, some parts of Latin America and Africa was viewed as the evil form of nationalism. Therefore, eastern civilization is characterized as a deviant form of nationalism. Earlier authors linked it to agitation for freedom from colonialism. However, Partha points out that there are contradictions inherent in eastern nationalism. The author observes that the problem with eastern nationalism is its attempt to merge the characteristics of eastern nationalism with western nationalism. The eastern nationalists wished to produce a distinct form of nationalism that contained certain aspects of western civilization. He argues that this is contradictory because it imitates a nationalist model that it seeks to repudiate. The author further points out that the model sought by eastern nationalists is both friendly and hostile to the culture it imitates. He sums up his argument by stating that this model of nationalism seeks to preserve national values while advocating for the elimination of certain aspects that are retrogressive. Eastern nationalism is expected to modify the national culture and spare its unique characteristics. In chapter two, Partha Chatterjee discusses nationalism at two levels. He argues that in order to understand nationalism as an ideology we must examine its content. He contends that early writers emptied nationalism of its content. He sees nationalism at both the thematic and the problematic levels. To adequately demonstrate this concept, he uses Said’s work on Orientalism as a basis for