ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The essay discusses connection blunders case study. The paper answers four questions related to control function in a business organization. It focuses on how the different aspects of management control referred to in the questions apply to the case study. What type of control-feedforward concurrent, or feedback – do you think. would hive prevented this situation from first occurring? The case study points out that the company has a problem in delivering modems to its customers on time. This is enough evidence that some of the controls put by the management are not working. The type of control which would have prevented the problem from occurring before it even arose is fed forward control. Feedforward control is a form of preventative control that identifies and prevents variations in standards and inputs before they happen (Daft, 2011). Feedforward control regulates personnel, material, and funds that flow through an organization and makes sure that the resources are enough to support the company’s operations. Through the use of feed-forward control, the company would have been able to gain timely and correct information from the different stakeholders of the company. These would have enabled them to take collective action on time. Feedforward control would have helped the company to detect variations in the number of modems from the required level and allowed for corrective action to be implemented before the problem escalated. The company should introduce feedforward control to ensure that the problem does not occur in the future. How might immediate corrective action have been used in this situation? How about basic corrective action? Collective action is taken to improve the existing conditions of departments that do not meet the required standards set by the company or department. Implementing a collective action has its costs and benefits. The existing situation in the company requires that the company implements collective actions to improve the processes and meet customer satisfaction to remain competitive in the market. The company is required to take both immediate and basic collective action. Immediate collective action in this situation facing the company requires taking several actions to improve the areas of the company’s operations that are not up to the required standards. The first immediate collective action would involve improving the procurement and delivery pro
Introduction The problem of race and ethnicity has been prevalent in American society for many years, and, even though to a lesser extent, still exists now. Prejudices and beliefs regarding people of different skin color have been set deeply into the minds of people. Despite supposedly living in a post-racial world, where there is no slavery and one of the most powerful countries in the world is led by an African-American, cases of racial discrimination happen on a consistent basis not only in the US but other countries as well. This leads to the important question whether we truly in a “post-racial” world, with its supposed racial equality and mutual respect, or it is simply an illusion that was created to cover the truth – that the set ideas about race and ethnicity will never go away. Slavery period America has come a long way to achieve the establishment of racial equality for black people: from the beginning of slavery in the 17th century, Civil War and Jim Crow era, to the Civil Rights movement and the rise of Black Power. These historical periods are extremely important for understanding the problems of race in the US and the evolution of people’s mindsets regarding the issue throughout years. Slavery in America began in 1619 when a Dutch ship brought slaves from Africa to the North American Colony of Jamestown in Virginia (“Slavery in America” par.1). The reason for bringing Africans to the continent was that they were a significantly cheaper source of labor compared to European workers. Slavery was present in all 13 colonies in America, and it was not until 1775 that people finally started to question its existence. The claim of human equality by the Declaration of Independence was seemingly contradicting the reality, and, thus, the North of America was willing to get rid of slavery. Africans played a large role in the American Revolution, as many of them served as soldiers on both sides of the War of Independence. Many of them gained freedom, others simply escaped. It should be noted, however, that although Northern states abolished slavery, the attitude of white people towards Africans did not really change, as they still saw black people as their inferiors. Southern white men argued that black people were incapable of caring for themselves; therefore, it was needed to have this “peculiar institution.” The impact of Civil War The events of Civil War would drastically change the situation around slavery. Although the abolishment of slavery was not the original intention of Civil War, many people felt that the war would solve this issue as well, and it did, on 22 September 1862, when Abraham Lincoln, a true believer in the white supremacy, presented the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation (“The Emancipation Proclamation”, par.1). This document declared the freedom of slaves within the rebellious states. Although it was limited to states that seceded from the Union and did not free America of slavery entirely, the Emancipation Proclamation instilled hope in hearts of millions of African slaves. As the freedom was dependent on the victory of the Union, thousands of blac
Introduction and Background One of the most important technological advances of the 20 th century was the creation of the World Wide Web (WWW), a global network of servers that allow users to access information via the Internet. The Web started a revolution that led to the development of the Information Age and changed many aspects of our everyday lives for the better. The internet made knowledge much more accessible, allowed for cheap real-time communication with any part of the globe, and made the world a much more personal, interconnected place. The rapid expansion of the Web resulted in the development of sophisticated cellular networks and the creation of smartphones and tablet computers, which are integral to our contemporary society. The incredible technologies people have today are the result of the fact that the Internet found its way into most homes. “The beauty and challenge of the Internet lie in its enabling nature” (Marshall et al. 1). While the Internet has tremendous positive technological and socio-cultural ramifications, it also led to some negative outcomes. People used the Internet to perform malicious activities, and a new category of crimes has been created, called cyber-crimes. Terrorists used the anonymity and accessibility of the Internet to attract new members into their organizations and as a tool to coordinate their attacks (Amores and Paganini 16). Privacy and security concerns have been raised by people all over the world in response to large corporations and governments using the Internet to spy on people. The unencrypted nature of the Internet means that no one is really anonymous on the Internet. In response to that fact, a sub-network of the Web called the Dark Web was created, with a promise of full anonymity and no governmental control. As a result of the anonymity of the Dark Web, it became the place where people could perform illegal activities, such as selling drugs and sharing child pornography and stay out of governments’ sight. Although the Dark Web constitutes a small part of the Web, it should be considered as a real threat to public safety, and require special law enforcement action to protect people’s privacy and security. The dangers of the Dark Web are the focus of this paper. The objective of this paper is to provide the description of the Dark Web, its structure and functionality, review the content and services offered through this network, and evaluate the impact of illegal activities performed in the Dark Web. The research is informed by a comprehensive literature review. A separate section includes annotated bibliography for scholarly sources on the topi
Introduction The approach of using social media accounts in the selection of an employee is highly arguable. Even not considering a crucial aspect of professional ethics, there are many pitfalls in the employment process such as legal rights, case laws, and the First Amendment of the Constitution. The analysis of an employee’s social account can be extremely beneficial if done according to the legislative norms and ethical performance. The social network can be a powerful tool for collecting, selecting, and identifying candidates. “The importance of social networks in labor markets is pervasive” (Calvó-Armengol & Jackson, 2004, p. 426). Nevertheless, the employer must have a well-designed statutory standard referring to the social media policy. Even though the recruiter uses the information from an open account, a candidate can claim privacy violation. This research paper is designed to reveal the main trends of reviewing social media accounts in hiring teachers or professors; its ethical and legal aspects. Also, it analyzes the effectiveness of such practice in selecting procedures. The Process of Selection Teachers and Professors The recruitment of a teacher or a professor is a crucial aspect of the educational system both in general and in particular cases. If there is no right person among the applicants, it is impossible to select the one. Usually, employment is done through professional associations, but according to the last researches, almost 40 percent of potential employers use social media to select a candidate (Smith, J., 2013, para. 8). While an original selection process a decade ago included only three components: resume submission, personal interview, and reference screening, now there are many severe selection requirements (Smith, R., 2013, p. 6). The specific of teacher’s work imposes additional requirements on applicants. Checking a social media of a potential professor can give more information than any personal interview or reference check. When a principal conducts a check of social accounts of an aspirant, he is commonly “searching for legitimate evidence to withdraw or rethink a job offer, such as references to drugs or other illegal activities, comments that are discriminatory or harassing” (Weber, 2014, para. 17). While an employer reviews the officially submitted documents of teachers, he is responsible for making an impersonal judgment. Meanwhile, the social media account can be highly contradictive with the applicant’s files, even basically they need to match. Practically, collecting and analyzing information can be outsourced to a Consumer Reporting Agency (CRA). CRA is an outer third party engaged in collecting and monitoring personal applicants’ information in social networks. Thus, the employer is out of risk of the privacy violence accusation. Moreover, for the past decade, new tendencies of reviewing social media accounts appeared. Trends in Reviewing Social Med
Introduction And Summary I chose exercising and dieting for weight loss as my behavioral intervention project. I selected this option to help me reduce and sustain healthy body weight. The theory utilized in my project was the theory of planned behavior. The decision to use this theory came from the assumption that the theory establishes a link between attitudes and behavior. The theory explains how a change in behavior is acquired and sustained through change in attitude and controlling undesirable behaviors. The theory states that a given behavior often results into a certain outcome. It stresses on the need for self evaluation to ensure that the desired change is sustained while minimizing instances of negative outcomes. There are several research studies that show that application of the theory has had a major impact in health related behavior change. My aim was to cut weight by 10 pounds at the end of the exercise. My 8 week program enabled me to shade off 8.9 pounds against the targeted 10 pounds. There were various challenges in trying to adapt to a new lifestyle but I managed to beat that using well formulated strategies. First, I changed my environment by getting read of unhealthy foods, changing my mindset and utilizing methods that have been tested and proven. In the end I was happy to have achieved a great deal of health behavior required to keep fit. Reflective Journal Eight week plan for dieting and exercising for behavior change (1 st October – 30 th November) To implement the behavior intervention project, I planned to do a physical activity for three days a week (Saturday, Monday and Wednesday) and diet for the entire period. The project begun on 1 st October 2011, I started by walking for an hour in the morning for three specified days of the first week. On the second day (2 nd October), I made a decision to start buying low fat foods including dairy products, wheat, bread, organic eggs and whole grains. On the third day I introduced a strategy of cutting my sugar intake, reduced the amount of sugar in my coffee, tea and begun to use olive oil for my cooking instead of the usual oil that has high amount of cholesterol. On Wednesday (5 th October) I went and registered with a sports and health club. On the second week (8 th – 14 th October) I continued with eating healthy foods. I introduced lean protein on my menu by taking one two serv
It is only a question of time before Americans can use driverless cars, making the automobiles of today a thing of the past. The advent of autonomous technology will be of great benefit to society by decreasing the number of car accidents and reducing the stress of driving, thus giving people more time for rest. The race to develop self-driving cars and bring them to market is already underway, with leading carmakers doing their best to obtain governmental approval for the first series of self-driving vehicles. However, the competition is expected to be short-lived because of the major companies that are in the game. Due to economies of scale, the market for autonomous vehicles (AVs) is going to be ruled by only a few firms, though the consequences of such a monopoly can be daunting. Historical Perspective With the advancement of free-market principles, the governmental role in the market has become significantly smaller. Economies of scale in the field of transportation have usually tended to promote the development of monopolies with little governmental regulation (“The Market for Driverless Cars”). However, the established cab companies no longer enjoy a monopoly because of Uber, Waymo, and other personal transportation firms (“The Market for Driverless Cars”). It can be assumed that the market for driverless cars will see a shrinking number of competitors and an even smaller role for government in the sector. Why Monopoly? It must be stated that the monopolization of the driverless car market is an all but inevitable consequence of the current level of fierce competition. The relationship between monopoly and AVs can be explained by the fact that only companies that will be able to beat their competitors in terms of reliability and safety will stay in the market. The safer the AVs of a particular carmaker, the more likely that its cars will be bought. AVs are powered by computers that gather data, and the more data they have, the better is the ability of the system to predict events on the road and react appropriately. Another explanation for the expected monopolization is carmakers’ obligations to meet technical standards for AVs, which may be beyond the abilities of some companies. However, the government has yet to decide how to deal with ethical issues, in particular, the exclusiveness of firms’ rights to their technology and the extent to which preventable deaths due to low-quality AV software will be tolerated. The third reason for a small number of firms producing driverless cars is based on the high costs of such vehicles and the expected proliferation of AV-based ride-sharing services. These services would be preferred due to lower costs of maintenance and possible overcharging stemming from consumers’ limited understanding of new technologies. With the growth of the user base, the number of AVs available for sharing will increase, and people will find it convenient to use a car placed nearby. On the issue of traffic jams and the possibility of congesti
The best research process to be used by the orchard is descriptive research because they are trying to target a particular market and analyze a customer category. The descriptive research will help to analyze the customer base, its behaviors, and demographics (Cavugil et al. 2009). It can be administered through surveys of the orchard visitors or employees to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise from a customer perspective. Demand forecasting is the process of predicting economic growth and profit potential of each business opportunity. It is critical to predict a potential demand for the product, particularly after a marketing campaign, to generate sales forecasts which can be used for finance purposes. Therefore, descriptive research can directly quantify demand for a product (Kotler & Keller 2012). Marketing communications is the process of managing the public domain of an organization to provide information and establish brand awareness that makes the product or service more appealing. The company website can be redesigned and rewritten to be more appealing to certain audiences. There may be a broader availability of information such as prices, directions to the orchard, and unique events. The website can include more visuals to attract visitors on a larger-scale. Based on Anthony’s Orchard website, they are taking a very broad marketing approach by attracting customers with its aesthetics in combination with a high quality of apple-related products. They are leaning on the concept of being a local family-owned business and using the history of tending the orchard to produce the best customer experience (Anthony’s Orchard n.d.). Maintaining profits in agriculture is difficult since a variety of uncontrollable external factors known as macro-forces can have an impact on the return on investment. Socio-economic factors make prices on fruit and agricultural equipment extremely volatile. Some environmental factors such as climate, weather, soil nutrition, pest infestations, and water supply directly affect the number and quality of fruit available and visitation trends from customers (Victoria State Government 2013). Descriptive marketing research uses a combination of qualitative and informal methods mixed with quantitative analysis. Quantitative data includes averages, percentages, and statistics which are analyzed using empirical assumptions. Surveys or questionnaires are most efficient tools. Cross-sectional research can be used to test various population samples while longitudinal research tracks responses over time (DeVault 2017). Since competent demand forecasting is responsible for a variety of business decisions from supply management to budgeting, the descriptive research process, which provides a holistic evaluation of the marketing situation, can be significantly beneficial. Market research p
Introduction Plastics have become major environmental concern largely due to the myriad of negative health effects posed on both human and animal health in the immediate surroundings. Exposure to harmful chemical that are transferred from plastics is a dangerous global threat due to some of the most severe, harmful, and long lasting negative health effects and implications to the environment. In addition, it is worth noting that exposure to the non-biodegradable plastic particles have a long term effect. Thrift (2012) acknowledges that many people are exposed to health dangers posed by plastics largely owing to the fact that the latter pollutes the environment through leakages of toxic chemicals from plastic packages that are used to pack foodstuff and water. Therefore, the rising levels of pollution due to plastics and subsequent health problems spell deep rooted health challenge that is burdensome to address. Much of the effort that has been put in place by business organizations, government agencies as well as non-governmental organizations to control the use of plastics so as to minimize environmental pollution has fallen short of the necessary emphatic application of principles that can provide the much needed safe and healthy environment for all. It is on this front that this paper intrinsically explores pollution caused by plastic materials. Plastics and health problems The use of plastics by people and organizations has in the last few decades grown massively to shocking levels. This has been attributed to the high levels of reliance on plastics to make clothing for people as well as for making pools, hot tubs, safety PVC ropes and stair treads at home (“At a glance”, 2012). Besides, businesses and manufacturing industries have employed the use plastics to package foodstuff and water. Thrift (2012) indicates that among businesses and individuals, the use of plastics has gained popularity because they are flexible, malleable for designing houses and electronics, inexpensive in subsidized markets, light weight and resistant to breakages especially when exposed to external pressure. However, it is important to note that regardless of the many pleasant and appealing uses of plastics, the numerous health problems and dangers presented to the environment are gruesome. Morris (2012) indicates that the effects of plastic on health are due to its carcinogens, direct toxicity via mercury, cadmium and lead in addition to leakages from phthalates, adipates and plasticizers in poly vinyl chloride (PVC). The carcinogenetic agent in polyvinyl chloride has been a major area of study with specific attentions to the risks and epidemiological presentation it poses to the environment. It is worth noting that poly viny