ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Realism in the visual arts emphasizes on the objective representation of reality and accuracy, where theater and drama are important components. To achieve realism in plays, playwrights strive to present real people experiencing confrontations with the physical and philosophical difficulties where they tend to become victims of forces beyond their control. Like the average person, the characters in realist plays hardly arrive at solutions to their respective predicaments. However, people consider realism a dead practice in the arts since, as most playwrights argue, it interferes with the aesthetic quality of the work with people like Vivian declaring it a complete failure. In fact, the claim is true and to the point as Oscar Wilde reveals. Realism: A Complete Failure Oscar Wilde does not recognize realism, as a method worth holding dear as done by most of the writers of his times, because according to him, it is no more than a total failure. In his comedy, “The Importance of being Earnest”, he explores considerably serious themes such as marriage in a considerably exaggerated way. Most critics of this work therefore consider the play as utterly frivolous and superficial. The critics argue that, based on the manner in which Wilde explores the complex aspect marriage, one can only reach it upon handling the work in a realistic manner. This makes the audience to distance themselves from the happenings in the play in that they consider it as mere entertainment. There are several instances in the play where Wilde deliberately ignores realism in the manner he depicts the interaction between the characters, their dialogue, and their actions since it does not work according to him. The opening scene of the play ‘The Importance of Being Earnest”, the reader is introduced to highly stylized, exaggerated and unrealistic world .The characters in this scene as well a s others throughout the play are not real characters in that they seem to worriless about what they say. They are there literal constructs created to deliver the lines. Firstly, there seems to raise a contradiction in the event where Earnest Worthing wants to take a cucumber though his host Algernon reprimands it. Algernon continuously claims that he has ordered the cucumbers expressly for Lady Blacknell at the same time eating them. He has the excuse that he is in a position to eat the sandwiches since they belong to his aunt. Algernon suggests that Jack eat the bread and butter ordered for Gwendolen. When he embarks on it with enthusiasm, Algernon stops him again accusing him of now behaving as if already married to Gwendolen. This creates the idea that is most contested by critics of food being a cause of social conflicts. The fact that Algernon claims to have gotten his evidence about jack having been leading a double life by looking at a cigarette case is quite irrational as far as realism is concerned. The portrayal of Cecily is that of a young innocent girl in the country farm whom jack is patronizing, the question here arises on how the girl had to
Big drive auto is facing difficult industry situation. This is evident in the low-pecuniary activity and reduction of sales. It is noteworthy that the upgrading of the business strategies would help Big Drive Auto triumph over such a circumstance. The reevaluating of pricing strategies is an opening for the maintenance of profit margins. This is to ensure the downturn does not affect profit margins. In any successful commerce, well strategized pricing has always been the main constituent (Oliver, 2000). At the downturn period, price is the factor that can uplift the business or contribute to the degradation. Penetrating pricing method attracts more clientele in that lessening of the product’s prices will make consumers prefer Big Drive Auto, as associated firms. The connecting factor between consumers and the business is the fact that both will be affected by the monetary recess. Reduction of prices will be in line with the consumer’s low pecuniary standards (Holloway, 2008). In the end, prices contribute significantly to the stature of the organization consequently illuminating weaknesses and points of strength. The product collection pricing make the business sustain prices of main products. This technique protects the business from making loses that can bring about the collapse of the business. Bundling of more than one product with reduced pricing will encourage consumers to consider Big Drive Auto products. Discount pricing makes consumers build confidence in Big Five Auto. As other firms will be increasing their prices to over come the short comings brought about by the slump, Big Drive Auto will offer discounts that will augment sales (Oliver, 2000). Evaluation of non-pricing strategies will increase sales as more consumers will come on board. Production of most appealing, convincing and detailed advertisement will enable consumers to be up to date with the dealings at big drive auto. In the advertisement, there will be the inclusion of all pricing and non-pricing strategies that Big Drive Auto has adapted. A well produced advertisement will always speak for itself. It will be understood and comprehended on the spot. Improvement in the customer service and warranty of products is a convenient way of securing the interest of the consumers (Brewer, 1990). The consumers will feel appreciated and respected; this will increase the sales at Big Drive Auto. Business managers should have a solid understanding of revenues and costs as it is the most vital element of business. Revenues and costs constitute a large fraction of business accomplishment strategies. Solid understanding of revenues and costs enables a manager to estimate the profits the business is to achieve during a period of low pecuniary activity (brewer, 1990). At Big Drive Auto revenues and cost is mainly considered, during price strategizing the level of requirement is put in to deliberation. Demand schedules, functions and elasticity, are mainly considered. Solid understanding of revenues and costs plays a key function when the managers
Animals and How They Affect Infant Health: An Underestimated Threat  1. Humans are surrounded by animals everywhere.  2. Health concerns related to animals, especially pets, are sometimes underestimated.  3. Nowadays, many people keep pets at home, which involves safety risks. Many people love nature and regard contacting with the animal world as a practice that can lift one’s mood and help to forget about some problems. Animals surround us everywhere: in the street, in urban parks, during uptown trips, and at home as pets. Parents or caregivers of children younger than one year of age should address concerns associated with animals beforehand to prevent injuries and infections. Animals and How They Affect Infant Health: Injuries and Infections  1. There is a number of zoonotic diseases transmitted by animals.  2. Their consequences are extremely dangerous for infants whose immune system is underdeveloped.  3. Infants can be exposed to infection indirectly.  4. Animals’ behavior may change unpredictably, which sometimes results in wounds in infants. First of all, just like people, animals carry germs and spread infections that can sometimes be fatal even for adults, not to mention infants with their underdeveloped immune system. Both wild animals and pets can become the source of zoonotic diseases affecting infants’ health. Importantly, direct contacts with animals are not the only prerequisite to developing infections. The absence of proper hand hygiene in families keeping pets or farm animals can also contribute to risks. Secondly, all animals have specific ways of protecting themselves and do not always assess external threats in an accurate manner. Therefore, infant-animal interactions sometimes result in bites and scratches, causing different types of wounds. Health Promotion Plan  1. Increase the awareness of infants’ parents/caregivers of risks factors for animal bites.  2. Improve the population’s understanding of hygiene practices reducing the risks of animal-borne diseases.  3. Increase the knowledge of animal psychology and pet care to prevent misbehaviors (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019b; World Health Organization, 2018).  4. Explain the principles of safe interactions between infants and pets. The health promotion plan involves the provision of parent/caregiver education to reach three objectives. Firstly, the significance of the problem of animal bites and animal-related injuries is to be explained and placed in the context of other health risks for infants. Attention is to be paid to both wild and domestic animals and the key ways to prevent animal aggression. Secondly, the target population should be provided with substantial information on the risks of animal-transmitted infections resulting from injuries, poor hygiene, or direct contacts wi
The characterization of Montresor in Edgar Allan Poe’s the Cask of Montillado was not done in a conventional manner. This is because there is no other source of information other than the narration of Montressor. This means that Montressor was both the main character and narrator rolled into one. This means that he can twist the facts and he can project himself as the hero of the story when in fact he could be the villain. This means that Montressor cannot be a reliable narrator and this assertion can be supported by looking at the way Montressor was characterized in this story. A wary reader can immediately sense that something is amiss when it comes to the characterization of Montressor. Through the words of the narrator Montressor was characterized as a man who was a victim of a foul crime. However, Montressor did not went to the authorities. If he was a man who was at the receiving end of iniquity then he should have felt violated and demand that the lawbreaker pay for his sins. He could have sought justice through the legal process but instead he opted to become a murderer. Another thing that Montressor did that could easily arouse the suspicion of the reader is his being secretive. No reason was given as to why Montressor wanted his friend dead. Furthermore, Montressor was not only interested in murder,
Abstract This paper critically focuses on Consumer Decision-making Process models of purchase and post-purchase in relation to the hospitality industry. The paper shall determine the extent these models are vague and all-encompassing, especially when applying to postmodern hospitality industry with the fragmented nature of consumer behaviour, and emerging trends in the global provision of products and services. Scholars interested in the field of consumer behaviours have developed several models as attempts to explain consumers’ decision-making processes when making a purchase, and what follows after the purchase. Gordon and Saunders have identified six of such stages that involve passive and active consumption phases or sequences (Foxall, 2004). They identify these stages as emerging needs, active consideration, researching, short-listing, purchase and post-purchase. Smith also supports these stages in his work. A part from these scholars, other scholars have also offered different perspectives on consumer decision-making process (Kotler, Bowen and Makens, 1999; Chambers, Richard and Lewis, Robert, 2000; Onkvisit and Shaw, 1994; Howard and Sheth, 1996). However, critics argue that such models are vague and tend to be all-encompassing. Introduction Gabbott and Hogg offer a brief definition of consumer behaviour as “any behaviour involved in the course of buying, using and disposing of products” (Gabbott and Hogg, 1998). Critics have noted that this definition is vague and not practical. From this definition, we can learn that consumer behaviour is a technical issue to describe precisely. Engel, Blackwell, and Miniard have offered an advance definition of consumer behaviour as “activities which directly involve decision processes prior and after stages of obtaining, consuming and disposing products” (Blackwell Engel and Miniard, 2001). They further explain how consumers choose products and services using a model of Consumer Decision-making Process (CDP). This model indicates how consumers make decisions before undertaking any purchase decision and post-purchase decision. Consumers make their purchase at the fourth stage after undergoing all other previous stages. Consumers look at the value of the products or service they have purchased against the satisfaction derived or fulfilled from using the product. This experience is fundamental for defining the fifth stage, post-purchase evaluation, which takes a mental evaluation of the value of the purchase. We have noted that depending on the CDP model alone may not provide the necessary information when applied in a marketing environment. This is because there are other various factors that influence every process of CDP. Understanding factors that influence stages of CDP model may help markets persuade consumers who intend to use their products or competitors. Consumers are likely to purchase services or products that have solved their problems in cases of recurring needs. This is a purchase they know. The CDP model must recognise that factors such as culture, personal preferences, social status, family, and the situati
Challenges Confronted by the Army Following the Civil War The United States’ military faced several challenges during and after the war that no American would like to remember because the experience inflicted pain to many. Carin says that the painful challenges that the army went through cannot be easily erased from the minds of many (74). The soldiers had very long and tiring moments during the war. Although the civil war had some positive impacts in some aspects, the challenges were tough to endure. This research paper explores the challenges that confronted the military army following the civil war. According to Rosenheim, the life of soldiers was not easy. Besides being at a high risk of losing their lives in the battlegrounds, they were also faced with many hardships (34). As Kingseed states, many soldiers lost their lives and several others were left with permanent injuries which they nurse to date (53). According to Tucker, the soldiers faced the risks of death and health problems in the battlefields that affected their fighting ability (56). Enslow argues that many of the soldiers who died of diarrhea and dysentery outnumber those who died on the battlefield (89). The problem was caused by the use of contaminated water, poor sanitation at the camps, and general lack of hygiene among the soldiers because of the nature of the battle. These poor living conditions also led many to die from measles, malaria and many other prevalent diseases. The idea of acquiring medicine was very primitive during this period as many doctors even did not know much about the infections. This led to the death of many soldiers even from very minor diseases that be treated by drugs obtained over the counter today. The army was also frequently faced with the challenge of food shortage. The civil war soldiers often received small portions of food. This shortage was caused by the already destructed agricultural economy leading to poor and low production. They would sometime go to battle without taking food, making them weak and unable to attend to their duties effectively while in the battlefields. Another challenge faced by the soldiers was the issue of clothing. According to Tucker, at the onset of the war, there was a specific problem with the color of the uniform to settle on, and the armies experienced delays acquiring the uniform because of the dragging contracts between the government and the selected manufactures (44). Woodworth says that the army finally received cheap clothing from the women’s sewing groups and even when they acquired the uniforms, their quality and supply were low (52). It forced the officers to depend on their families and friends for a continuous replacement of their worn-out uniform, a fact that affected their morale in the war. This scholar says that the most serious clothing problem for the soldiers was to keep good shoes. Most of these military officers were forced to fight barefooted, leading to injuries and pain. The army was also faced with the problem of a lack of arms. According to Wolseley, there was a low supply and
Fostering a free one on one interaction between experienced teachers and the new teachers amicably helps in quick masterly of the key roles and professional expectations. Mentoring as a strategy for new teachers’ induction, works perfectly when the mentors are well acquainted with the knowledge pertaining to the responsibilities and roles expected of them. The mentor’s main responsibility involves helping new teachers in their survival as opposed to continuous professional learning aimed at fostering effectiveness in teaching. Therefore, mentoring forms a component of induction and not the vice versa. A combination of mentoring and other components vital for induction process are used alongside in many new teachers’ orientation programs. For teachers to succeed in the new profession, they normally need a lot: not just jobs. They desire to make differences in their profession. They are thirsty to realize success through experience and the establishment of their recognition. Mentors’ awareness of such desires is of paramount importance. During the mentoring sessions, such desires feature frequently. Learning possibilities increase whenever the learners realize that the topics they seem eager to hear the teacher address them have a priority allocated to them. Well-experienced personnel administer the mentoring task and further acting as trainers in other induction components. New teachers consequently uphold the need for working hard on the strategies proposed by the mentors to become effective just like them. For example, in Maryland in the county of Prince Georges, mentors spend a 40-hour training session about the missions and goals in the mentoring province. The example exemplifies magnificence in knowledge wealth requirement for a mentor, which with no doubt will ultimately find its way to the inductees. Since mentoring entails one on one exchange of teaching expertise, it enables the new teachers to translate anxiety to confidence. Essentially, enormous confidence is required to guarantee success of the other induction strategies. Mentoring requires fewer resources compared to comprehensive induction and has the capacity to respond to anything that might arise. Thus, it forms a crucial strategy in the induction process. The model of induction comprises three aspects: mentoring, comprehensive induction and professional developments. As priory discussed, mentoring constitutes a part of the induction process. Transition between college environment and practical work environment is crucial. Comprehensive induction provides mechanism that facilitates such a noble task. In the work environment, storms exist that tend to lift the newly hired professionals off the ground and therefore they need to be strongly anchored. Personal, motivators of the profession such as satisfaction, achievement of the anticipated results: Excellence of students and hiked hopes of probabilities in retention in the job demands several glances. Enhancement of Proper information flow provides one of the crucial strategies to ensure the newly hired teachers reduce work related stress consid
Introduction Background Study A computer network is a system of interconnected computers that allows sharing of resources and information (Banks, 2008). Computer networks comprise of two or hundreds of computers connected together. A network can either be adapt peer- to-peer or client -server connection. Review of literature Peer-to-peer network Peer-to-peer networks are commonly meant for small networks that allow the connected computers to share various resources such as printers, hard disk and CD-ROM. In this type of network, every workstation acts both as a client and a server (DEW Associates Corporation, 2000). Every computer in the network possesses a hard disk where it stores information that can be shared or accessed by any computer in the network. The diagram below shows three computers connected through peer-to-peer. Peer -to-peer Network A peer-to-peer network is commonly configured using a coaxial cable and a hub as illustrated above. This network is supported by operating systems such as window 95 and 98. This type of network is cheap and easy to install. Every computer in the network is able to back up its data since all the computers possess a hard disk. Client –Server Network A client-server network has one central computer where many files are stored and various operations executed. Such network services as electronic mail and printing utilize a file server router (Lukaszewski, 2010). As a result, clients are not in a position to communicate directly. In case a client intends to send a message to a designated destination, it has to be relayed to a server first. It is the best network that can support a large network with hundreds or thousands of work stations. Client-Server Network A computer network is made of both hardware and software. Networking hardware are all the physical devices that are required to enable data sharing and execution in a network. Examples of such equipments include; File server: This is the central computer where all data processing and storage occurs. This computer has very large memory and hard disk. It also possesses a very fast processor and network interface card (Lukaszewski, 2010). This is the place where networks operating software are located. Its main function is to control communications between nodes. A server should have the following specification to perform well.   * A Pentium 4 with a microprocessor of at least 800 megahertz or   * A hard disk with at least 120 gigabytes of storage   * Not less than 512 MB of RAM   * Several expansion slots   * A tape back-up unit   * Fast network interface card Workstations These are the computers that are connected in a computer network. Every computer in a network has a network interface card that is configured through the help of networking software. A computer with almost any specification can serve as a workstation bin the network (Pountain, 2001). Network interface card: They act as the physical connection between the workstations and t