ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The author of the considered article is Kasim Randeree, currently an Associate Fellow at Saἲd Business School, University of Oxford and Senior Lecturer in Operations and Supply Chain Management at Coventry University. The article “Strategy, Policy and Practice in the Nationalization of Human Capital: ‘Project Emiratisation’” deals with the phenomenon of Emiratisation – the process of the nationalization of human resources in the United Arab Emirates. The need for the nationalization of human capital in the United Arab Emirates has been conditioned by the rapid development of the state’s economy at the end of the twentieth century. Economic growth financed by oil revenues has led to a great influx of cheap labor by a motivated foreign workforce. As a result, the percentage of Emirati nationals involved in the private sector is exceedingly low. Since the development of the knowledge-based economy is the primary goal of state officials, it should be placed in the hands of the national workforce. However, this task is considered very challenging, because many UAE nationals are not willing to work in the private sector due to poor working conditions, lower salaries, and the absence of prospects for promotion. Randeree studies the existing policies, laws, and protocols that address the process of Emiratisation – for example, the imposition of employment quota targets and the promotion of Emirati women at work – and suggests a generic model for the development of an Emiratisation strategy. The information and ideas presented in the article suggest the descriptive and conceptual character of the research. As a descriptive piece, this article provides the reader with the data required to understand the main idea, as well as an introduction into the current economic situation in the United Arab Emirates. The article includes 2007 UAE census data and statistics regarding the 2006 UAE working population. Apart from statistics, the author gives a detailed overview of the then-existing laws and regulations relating to the process of nationalization in the United Arab Emirates. The conceptual character of the article is expressed through the author’s own ideas of how the Emiratisation strategy development should be implemented. Randeree introduces the concept of a generic model for the development of an Emiratisation strategy, which addresses three main aspects: career, knowledge, and recognition. Randeree rightly claims “the need for preserving national identity,” especially given the influx of foreign workers (71). In fact, statistics show that Emirati nationals make up only 13.5% of the population of the United Arab Emirates. As Randeree states, expatriates gradually “dilute the UAE’s national identity” and increase the risk of “disruptive interference with economic and political decisions” (Mo
Introduction Polypropylene (PP), in another name polypropene, signifies a thermoplastic polymer employed in a broad variety of uses comprising packaging, textile industry, stationery, containers of different kinds, laboratory apparatus, vehicle parts, and banknotes. In the year 2008, the international market for polypropene had a capacity of 45.1 million tonnes that gave rise to revenue of approximately €47.4 billion (roughly $65 billion). The majority of commercial PP is isotactic and possesses a transitional intensity of crystallinity amid the one of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). In most instances, PP is hard and stretchy, and more so when copolymerized with ethylene. 1 This aspect permits the use of PP as an engineering plastic, outdoing materials like Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). PP has the advantage of being cost-effective. It could as well be semitransparent when not colored even if it is not easy for it to be made clear like the majority of other plastics. PP is frequently opaque and can be colored by means of pigments. PP has excellent opposition to fatigue. “The melt flow index (MFI) or melt flow rate (MFR) is its determination of molecular weight (MW)”. 2 The MFI assists in establishing how simply the molten PP will flow when processing. PP with a high MFI will make the plastic cast full more simply when processing. If the melt flow rises, “a number of physical properties, such as impact strength, reduce”. 3 Characteristically, there is the application of comonomer together with ethylene. When combined with polypropylene, homopolymer, ethylene-propylene rubber raises its temperature strength. Indiscriminately, when polymerized ethylene monomer coalesces with homopolymer of PP, it causes the polymer to be extra-transparent and lessens its crystallinity. 4 The structure of polypropylene is as shown by the figure below. Fig1: Chemical structure of polypropylene 5 Fig 2: Isotactic tacticity (above) and syndiotactic tacticity (below) 6 Tacticity is a significant perception in comprehending the association involving the chemical structure of polypropylene in addition to its properties. The comparative position of every methyl (CH 3 ) group comparative to the CH 3 groups in adjacent monomer entities has a powerful influence in the capacity of the polymer to make crystals. A given catalyst (for instance, Ziegler-Natta) is capable of controlling the manner of connection of monomer molecules to an intended arrangement. The arrangement could be isotactic if the methyl groups are all positioned at a particular side of the PP chain, or syndiotactic, if the positions of the CH 3 groups to the side of the chain i
The film Fight Club , which is based on the novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk, presents an evaluation of modern consumerist culture and social values. To a great extent, this movie urges people to regard goods as necessities rather than those things that define an individual or indicate his/her status in the society. One of the major characters, Tyler Durden acts as a conveyer of the authors’ views on contemporary culture. It is possible to say that this person advocates the values of a hunter-gather society which tends to be simpler and more egalitarian, at least from economic point of view. There are several examples that illustrate this argument. First, we can refer to the conversation between Tyler and the narrator. Tyler expresses the idea that modern people view themselves primarily as “consumers” whose sole purpose is acquisition of property. He even accuses the narrator of being too focused on material values overlooking the fact that the protagonist lost virtually all his possessions. More importantly, he emphasizes the point that the majority of these goods are not essential for the survival of a person. More likely, they are used to underline high prestige of an individual. Such worldview is unacceptable for him. His ideas bear close resemblance to a hunter-gather society. Its members acquire goods such as food or clothing only to feed their families or sustain themselves. In such social and economic environment the main purpose of labor is survival or subsistence but not profit or prestige. People, who live in such communities, do not derive pleasure from mere possession of property or goods. This lack of highly sophisticated needs or desires greatly appeals to Tyler and, in part, to the narrator. Additionally, acquisition of property can be the underlying cause of inequality in the society. This is another reason why Tyler cannot accept consumerism. Hunter-gatherer community becomes his ideal mostly because it is more egalitarian. However, he overlooks the drawbacks of such social system. Another example, which shows Tyler’s rejection of consumer culture, is the destruction of other peoples property. For instance, the members of Project Mayhem burn computers, smash vehicles, and even bomb the office of some unidentified company or corporation. This sabotage originates from their rejection of consumerism. In this way they attempt to demonstrate that property is not critical for the survival of a human being. The people are guided by Tyler’s philosophy which relies on the premise that acquisition of property cannot be the only driver of human behavior. Again, we can say that this ide
Introduction Philosophy has often been found as the only subject that provides humanity with almost all the questions regarding life. Thousands of philosophical conjectures and theories have been postulated in a bid to shed some light on some of the complicated aspects of human life. Philosophers are among the most respected and celebrated members of the society. This is because their various discoveries have gone a long way to change the perception of humankind about life. However, this field has one major disadvantage. The disadvantage is that the inventions made by philosophers are solely based on their own life experiences and most of them cannot be empirically proved. Most people have been coerced to believe in mere theoretical concepts that lack any tangible evidence to lend credence to their assertions. This essay will discuss the efficiency with which John Locke presents his philosophies as opposed to Karl Marx and Machiavelli who divulge loopholes in their concepts. Daily Life Experiences First and foremost, John Locke efficiently presents his ideas and concepts because they are derived from immediate environment of the people. John Locke not only uses his own experience but those of the entire populace as well to assert his concepts. It is therefore easier for people to comprehend the essence of the concepts because they can relate them to their own lives. For instance, in his attempt to define the concept of ‘The Self’, John Locke presents his case in a manner that can be approved by anyone who understands its weight. He posits that the human mind is predominantly empty. He further states that the mind is influenced by factors such as reflection, experiences and sensations. It therefore becomes easy for anybody who goes through the above three named situations to concur with Locke. This is attributed to the reality nature of his statement. On the contrary, a good number of other philosophers present ideas that are farfetched and without any relevance to the society. Such notions are difficult to be understood by the people because they cannot visualize the subject of the matter. The lack of an image of the subject in the minds of the people means that it will probably take them ages to fully fathom the meaning of the concept. A good examp
Individuals at Risk Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic pathogen of infectious diseases, which are considered to be the leading nosocomial infections. This means that the predominant lesions of the organisms occur in the clinical environment. From what has been said, one obvious conclusion can be drawn — the leading vulnerable group are inpatients who are in hospitals for long-term treatment of problems not necessarily related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa . This includes, for example, any patients with cardiovascular, genitourinary, or respiratory pathologies for whom a clinical stay is essential (CDC, 2019). The use of topical inhalers, catheters, and any other instruments of physical intervention for the integrity of the body becomes a key risk factor for these patients. Then, due to a lack of proper sanitation and hygiene, the likelihood of them being exposed to the pathogen increases. In addition, patients with open wounds, stitches, and chemical burns are particularly vulnerable because of the presence of an open focus of infection. Transmission Mechanism and Methods of Prevention Pseudomonas aeruginosa lives in the environment, whether in air, fluids, clinical surfaces, or non-sterile instruments. Transmission occurs either from material to person or from person to person if hand or glove hygiene is not observed for medical interventions. Based on the above, it is evident that infection can be avoided through hygiene prevention. In particular, it includes antiseptic treatment of surfaces and hands, the use of plenty of decontaminating agents, such as iodine, and no contact of surgical instruments and hands with potentially dirty materials. Clinical Symptoms and Progression of the Disease If an infection has already occurred, it is critical to observe the dynamics in order to understand the stages of progression. However, an epidemiological feature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is that the bacterium does not selectively infect; instead, its pathog
Body language denotes different kinds of nonverbal communication in which individuals express clues as to numerous unspoken objectives or sentiments via their physical conduct. Such conducts could encompass body posture, gesticulations, facial expression, and movement of the eyes. The Body Language Documentary concentrates on and illustrates the use of human body language as a means of communication (Jett). Body language is characteristically subconscious conduct and is thus deemed different from sign language, which is a totally conscious and deliberate act of communication. As evident in the movie, human beings use and interpret such indications nearly exclusively subconsciously. Nonverbal communication might present hints as to the feelings or emotional state of an individual. For instance, nonverbal communication could indicate anger, attention, boredom, an unperturbed state, delight, gratification, and intoxication, to mention a few. Body language is vital to communication and connections, especially in business and politics. It is significant to administration and leadership in businesses and areas that can be detected by many individuals. It is also germane to other undertakings outside the place of work. Although body language is non-spoken and gestural, it may disclose a lot regarding one’s sentiments and meaning to other people and the manner in which they express their reactions. Nonverbal communication signals could occur on both a witting and unwitting level. As evident in the video, from President Franklin Roosevelt to George Bush and Barack Obama, politicians employ nonverbal communication to influence masses, ascertain power, and gain reputation (Jett). People in business also have a parallel path of body languages that could disclose more than just carefully selected words and attract clients to their businesses. Because most if not all of the body languages and the reception of the signals is involuntary and done beyond the witting realization and power, through nonverbal indications, people unconsciously communicate a good deal of messages regarding themselves and their feelings. The posture in which people situate their bodies, the illustrations people, have on their faces, their expressions, and the nonverbal communication they make all contribute to the way
This is a method or technique that people use in improving their production using machines rather than the manpower that is for the cases of new technology. With this technology then a person is able to combine the available resources to produce desired products, they are also able to solve the problems they face like lack of enough food for the population and also have excess for sell to improve their living standards, and they are able to fulfill their needs because they can produce. This technology includes the technical methods, skills, processes, tools, and raw materials that people are able to incorporate to make something of importance in their lives. It helps people to advance in economies leading to changes in their living styles this is through making high production and the country will be aware of the changes that are important so that they can be able to rise production at all levels. The processes have effects in society in that they lead to the pollution which is harmful to both human beings and the animal races and therefore the industries have to ensure that their waste products are treated to be less harmful if they have to channel it to the open places. There is the problem of the depletion of natural resources in that in case of mineral extracts then the industries leave the area of no use as they take the entire upper layer, which is important for plants growth, and also the place is left rocky meaning nothing can be produced in such places. (Ricky, 1992) New technology leads to changes in people’s culture as they are able to leave the traditional methods and adopt new methods and therefore their way of behaving is changed whereby things like wooden plows that were used in production have been changed and they use machines like combine harvesters and this helps in saving time and at the same time producing more. People who adopt new technology can be easily distinguished from those that do not u
Introduction The observer’s paradox is also known as the Hawthorne effect in social sciences. In sociolinguistics, it was first coined and observed by William Labov when he studied variation and style in speech. He designed the famous sociolinguistic interview meant to get information about language. In this interview, he emphasized on four structural parts that the interviewee was requested to do. The first was to read a list of minimal pairs; which was followed by reading a list of words in isolation. Thirdly, the interviewees were required to read aloud a short narrative; and finally engage in a conversation about their lives. This paper aims to analyse issues that arise from observer’s paradox and attempt to present ways that sociolinguists can minimize their impact. Observer’s paradox issues Observer’s paradox as a problem lies in the process of investigating language style and usage among individuals through speech collection. In the process, a sociolinguist sets out to account in the best possible way about the variations occurring between what people say against what they believe they say. Interviewees perceive that their intelligence is being sort, and hence they alter their speech to suit these notions. As a result, the sociolinguist as a field expert faces the problem of non-reality. He cannot discern whether what the interviewee is real or not hence the idea of unknowable. A double bind situation occurs since what the sociolinguist wants to know can only be known through observation which is subject to change. The interviewee speech performance is influenced by the presence of the interviewer hence observer’s paradox (Crowley, 2007). The observer’s paradox issue has repeatedly been the subject of scholarly interest in ethnographic linguists. This has especially been in the study of language sensitivity in the social situation context. The sociolinguist who is also an interlocutor forms a critical component in the process since he is responsible for the interactional role. A sociolinguist can only collect targeted speech on a daily basis in order to obtain reasonable amounts for analysis. This is meant to overcome observer’s paradox. The interviewer can only engage fully in the conversation as a participator at the lowest level. This means that his social relationship in the process allows for the most minimal effect to the linguistic data collected (Meyer, 2005). There needs to be an effective strategy laid down in the form of roles and procedures that outline what the interaction roles are for the interviewer. As a fact, the team inte
Introduction The rapid evolution of science and technical devices gave rise to a number of various concerns and resulted in the increased complexity of the patterns according to which the most important activities were organised. The modern world should be considered a complicated and multilayered system with numerous aspects that impact its functioning and condition a certain outcome. In this regard, the success of any project depends on the ability of managers or organisers to take into account the complex of factors that might impact the final outcomes and determine the way a project might evolve. In other words, it is crucial to consider a certain phenomenon within a system that predetermines its peculiarities. That is why systems thinking becomes crucial for modern managers. Background The great significance of the given approach comes from several factors. First, its blistering rise is conditioned by the increased complexity of the majority of processes that are an integral part of modern life (Smith & Brown 2009). Implementation of the new technologies resulted in the significant improvement of the quality of peoples life. At the same time, the level of their expectations also increased. To satisfy the existing requirements, various kinds of activities and projects should follow a certain pattern and promote the further stable functioning of a system they belong to (Britnell 2014). Under these conditions, systems thinking becomes the only approach that could guarantee the creation of the most appropriate and efficient solution. Furthermore, the existence of a great number of tasks that demand a systematic approach provides the basis for the further rapid evolution of the given sphere. Problem Speaking about the above-mentioned tasks that demand the usage of the given practice, the traffic problem should be m
Four Functions of the Management It is believed that the management of any organization has to perform four functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. On the basis of this case study, we can draw several examples of how these functions are fulfilled in SOL Group. However, it should be taken into consideration that these functions are often intertwined with one another. In such a company as SOL, the main function of the management is organization of the workforce. The personnel of this enterprise are divided into self-governed teams whose members are. Most likely, this business model is the key to the company’s success in the market. Another important function of the management in this organization is controlling. In this case, we need to speak mostly about establishing performance benchmarks and conducting customer surveys. Each member of the staff has the so-called “quality passport” which is updated each month. This document is the main assessment tool, used by the management to control and evaluate performance. Leading is an indispensible component of management. In SOL, the role of leader is played by the CEO of this organization, Liisa Joronen. First of all, she provides a powerful stimulus to the employees by empowering them and allowing them to improve their professional and personal skills (Imperata 1997, p 1). In this way, the management encourages employees to set ambitious targets and reach these targets. Leadership in this organization is mostly based on trust and mutual respect. The only managerial function, which has not been mentioned in the case study, is planning. This limitation can be explained by the fact that this enterprise operates in the service sector, where companies do not have to determine the volume of output and the demand for the product. Again their main duty is to organize workforce. Elements of “new workplace” in SOL Overall, Soul Group can be characterized the so-called “new workplace”. In order to illustrate this point, we need o discuss some elements of organizational policies. First of all, we need to speak about employee empowerment, which means that people, who work for this enterprise receive a high degree of autonomy. They are not continuously monitored by the supervisors, and this monitoring is usually not conspicuous. The management believes that customer ratings are the best way of supervising and assessing the employees’ performance (Imperata 1997, p 1). Decentralization of responsibilities is one of the key strategies, adopted by Liisa Joronen. The company consists of self-managed teams, consisting 50 cleaners. The thing is that the managers of these teams can draw up their own budget and hire their candidates; more importantly, they do not have to continuously ask permission of the top-management (Imperata, 1997). Such approach is a typical property of a modern workplace. Another managerial strategy which indicates at SOL’s modernity is the increasing use of information technologies. This company greatly relies on Intranet where they store i