ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Discussion Members The four members of the discussion would be Tina Pham, her father, Tony Pham, Tina’s grandmother, Linh, and Tina’s favorite cousin Thien. Each of the members of the discussion is associated with being a deep thinker, and they are likely to have good contributions to the discussion topic, particularly because, cumulatively, they have lived through a century. The main reason for choosing them is because they are intellects and they would provide a clearer view of the topic. Discussion Topic The topic of discussion in this setting would be the American dream and the factors associated with the quest. This topic is appropriate for the group because every member is an immigrant, and they had to start from the lowest point when they landed in America. The conversation would start with Linh and Tony Pham narrating their experiences in Vietnam before migrating to the United States. Linh would discuss the many times that her family was internally displaced in war-torn Vietnam. She would vividly narrate the stories as a student trying to gain as much knowledge as she could in business management. She loved reading so much that she was nicknamed “library.” She would then talk about her years working for her mother’s company and how she lost her father. The discussion would then shift to the political changes that she witnessed in Vietnam and how they forced her family to migrate to the South after the nation was split into two. This would invite a discussion on the actual effects of war in nations pursuing revolutionary changes in their regimes and the negative effects of the course on the citizens. Tony Pham would join the discussion by recalling his experiences during the Vietnam Civil War as he builds on the factors that led to his quest for the American dream. He would narrate about the many friends he lost to the war and how he was always afraid of dawn because every day was associated with more deaths and injuries of soldiers and citizens. He would then shift the story to the time he finally managed to escape from Vietnam after several failed attempts that landed him in jail. He would discuss his first impression when he landed in the United States in 1998. The conversation would then shift to the main topic, which is the quest for the American dre
Measurement instruments are utilized in quantitative research for the purposes of quantifying constructs, which lead to answering of research questions. Researchers know that inappropriate measures can lead to inaccurate data (DeVillis, 2011). As such, evaluation of measurements is essential. Although it might be time consuming, evaluation helps to prevent problems and errors that could result from the selection and use of inappropriate or psychometrically inadequate measures. (Waltz, Strickland, and Lenz, 2010). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and critique the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom inventory- Short Form (MFSI-SF), which is one of the instruments that measure fatigue. The MFSI-SF will be analyzed using the evaluation process provided in Waltz, Strickland, and Lenz (2010). The Purpose and Stated Aim The MFSI-SF was originally designed to measure fatigue symptoms in cancer patients (Stein, Martin, Hann, & Jacobsen, 1998). The MFSI- SF is useful when it comes to identifying patterns of fatigue within individual patients and across treatment modalities. Additionally, the measurement allows clinicians to develop, implement, and evaluate interventions that are targeted for different patterns of fatigue (Stein et al., 1998; Stein et al., 2004). Development Procedures A pool of 83 items describing the multidimensional nature of fatigue was generated to assess the principal manifestations of fatigue. These were based upon a review of the literature on cancer- related fatigue, discussions with treatment providers, and a survey of available measures of fatigue. The MFSI-SF consists of two subscales:  1. The rationally derived subscales, which were developed based on experts’ assignment to categories. They are also designed to assess global, somatic, affective, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of fatigue (Stein et al., 1998). The authors generated a first version that was distributed based on the validation of 15 breast cancer patients, 10 female friends, and relatives of breast cancer patients. Their feedback was taken into consideration, several were rewarded, and others were added accordingly. Generally, the patients felt that the MFSI-SF captured their experience of fatigue (Stein et al., 1998).  2. The empirically derived subscales of MFSI-SF. These
Strengths Wide market segment One of the greatest strength of Cold Water Creek Inc. is having a wide retail outlet. The company retails its merchandise through merchandise clearance outlet and premium retail stores (Coldwater Creek Inc. 3). In addition, the company is able to reach its customer indirectly through e-commerce, mail, and phones. The company has continued to grow its retail outlet in order to catalyze growth. In 2010 for instance, the company had 373 premium retail stores after opening an extra 19 of them (Coldwater Creek Inc. 16). Company anticipated that with good economic times it would continue to grow its businesses. Strong Brand Name The company enjoys a popular brand image because of operating in a wide segment of the market. Customers are loyal to the brand because they can get information about the brand and are involved in the design of the product. In addition, after sales services like accepting return of sale regardless of where customer bought a product is effective in establishing brand loyalty (Coldwater Creek Inc. 3). Employees’ loyalty The company enjoys a wide range of employee with full-time employee running to 2,832 and employs on short-term basis during the peak seasons. No employees are covered under the collective bargain agreements, which is an indication of trust in the company. That means they have confidence with the employer (Coldwater Creek Inc. 6). The company is also proud to have loyal executive team serving it. Weakness Operating at a loss The company greatest weakness is making business losses because this is limiting the effectiveness of its growth strategy. It is making the company fail to expand its retail outlets because of concurrent losses. For instance, the company anticipated that in 2011 it would close about eight or twelve of its stores due to losses (Coldwater Creek Inc. 16). It also intended to limit its opening of new ones to five stores due to decreased profitability. In addition, making profits in the year among other factors like availability of space in good location, were anticipated to determine whether the new ones would be opened. Inflexibility in business The company has some two stockholders who have huge control of its capital and as a result may control major decisions to invest. This may adversely affect its business and profitability. On the other hand, provision in their charter document hinders any merger or acquisition strategy even when such a move would be beneficial to the company (Coldwater Creek Inc. 15). Opportunities Seasonality of Demand In the women apparel business, demand keeps on fluctuating on depending with seasons. In holidays such as Valentine, Easter, thanksgiving, Mother’s day and Christmas for instance shift the demand frequently (Coldwater Creek Inc. 6). Therefore, with careful financial planning, company can be able to increase its sales during these seasons. They can also be able to provide merchandise that meets customers’ needs to be able to be profitable. Product differ
Despite wining only two games last season, Carolina Panthers illustrated an increase in revenue, a stark difference from the rest of the leagues. While it was expected that the team could lose its operating income because of the losses it went through last season, the team emerged as one of the teams that profited greatly in the 2010/2011 fiscal period. According to Forbes, Carolina Panthers are ranked in the 15 th position, down from the 12 th position held by the team last year (1). The drop in the team’s ranking is alleged to be a reflection of its economic status but this is not true. This is because over the last one year, the company has managed to increase its operating income from a low of $15 million to $31.2 million in one year (Forbes 1). The increase in the operating income comes at a time when the league experienced financial difficulties. Therefore, it was unpredicted that Carolina Panthers could have made such an impact. In addition, the spending by the owner on new players this year is also perceived to have contributed to the increased operating income. Despite the seemingly increased spending on new players at the beginning of 2011, the players’ expenses were lesser than the ones experienced in the year 2010. In fact, the players’ expenses had been increasing over the years, only to drop this year to $124 million from the previous value of $148 million in 2010. The operating income rise was very steep, since it doubled the previous value that was recorded in 2010 (Forbes 1). The increase in operating cost has made the owner to show appreciation to the fans by hiring new and experienced players. The team has lost its market value although by a small margin. This is because the market value share dropped from 1,037 million dollars in 2010 to 1,002 million dollars this year. The reason for the reduced market share can be attributed to the significant drop in the wins-to-player ratio, from 88 to 26 in the year 2011 (Forbes 1). From this reduction in the performance of the team, there has been decreased support that has eventually led to a decline in the support. The differences in the market share have however not affected the revenue that is generated by the company. The major corporate sponsors are PepsiCo, Carolinas Medical Center, US Airways and Anheuser-Bush InBev, while the naming rights sponsor is the Bank of America. According to Forbes report, the company has revenue per fan of $55 (1). There have been several transfers in the team and these have been focused on making the fans to make increased contribution to the team. According to the valuation breakdown the team has under sports are equivalent to $637 million, with a market equivalent of $162 million, stadium equivalent of $144 million and a brand equivalent of $60 million (Forbes 1). These revenues have impacted on the operating income generated by the company. Due to the current financial crisis, the league has had trouble and the team was therefore not expected to generate as much operating income as it did. The increase in the operating income di
Introduction Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Ri-House Hastings and Mark Randolph, a provider of movies and TV shows based on streaming multimedia. Now this media company is one of the largest suppliers of media content around the world and an unconditional leader specifically in the United States market. The company was founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Mark Randolph (Poell, 2015). Entrepreneurs started the business together, but Hastings undoubtedly played a more significant role in the formation of the company, being not only a good specialist, but also an excellent businessman. This training was developed for the marketing department in the European department of Netflix. The marketing department mainly suffers from overload and excess stress in the ever-dynamic world of aggressive online advertising. The company regularly strives for market share in top-end media products such as films or TV shows. This means that Netflix’s European marketing department cannot reduce stress among marketers. In particular, a department was selected in Europe, because this company did not capture the market as firmly as in the Americas, which increases the responsibility of marketers. Currently, an obvious fact is the increase in the number of psychosomatic diseases, in the origin and course of which the leading role belongs to the influence of traumatic factors. According to the data of modern studies, the main stress factors include psychological overstrain, information overload in the conditions of a lack of time, overwork, suddenness of events, lack of time. The problem of information overload, being an integral part of the life of a modern person, is especially acute in the educational process (Belzer, 2018). The source of psycho-traumatic factors in employees is also often an inadequate attitude to the situation in which they fall. At the same time, stress an
Introduction On 27th July, 2012, the London Olympic Games will kick off (London & Partners, n.d., pp.1). The event will bring together athletes from all around the world to compete in a total of 26 sport events (London & Partners, n.d., pp.2.) Indeed, the London Olympic Games is attracting a lot of international and local press coverage. This is always the situation with all Olympic events. The event has its impact on the economy of its host country and vice versa. Hosting the Olympics requires that a country has an economy that is stable as the event is quite costly. In this report, we explore the impact of London economy on the Olympics. Discussion London: The strategic environment London will be the venue for the 2012 Olympics event. In the United Kingdom statistics reveal that London is the largest metropolitan area (Pricewaterhousecoopers, 2009, pp.21). Similarly, statistics reveal that it is also Europeans Union largest urban zone. London receives the most international visits than any other place in the planet. The city’s Heathrow airport serves the highest number of international passengers compared to all other airports and thus it is the busiest airport in the world (USA Today, 2011, pp. 8). The city has the most number of universities in Europe which makes it the largest higher education hub on the continent (London.gov.uk, 2008, pp.3). According to 2010 data, among the municipalities of Europe, London is the most populated with a population of 7,825,200 people. According to the same data, it is the second most populated urban area in Europe. It’s metropolitan area is also the largest in the European Union with a population of 12-14 million people. London’s economy 17% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the United Kingdom is generated by London (USA Today, 2011, pp. 2). Economic activities done in the city’s metropolitan area yield 30% of the United Kingdom’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Lecomte, n.d., pp.76). London is associated with financial dealings of great global prominence and as such challenges New York’s position as the world’s most important financial hub. The city’s most thriving industry is finance whose exports make London a major contributor to United Kingdom’s balance of payments. In 2007, London’s finance industry had employed 325,000 people. In London there are 480 overseas banks that make it the city with the highest number of overseas banks in the world. London’s service industry currently employs about 85% of the city’s population. The city’s economy was not spared by the 2008/9 global financial crisis and as a result the city estimated that 70,000 finance jobs were lost in a year. Huge financial institutions located in London include the Bank of England (BOE) and London Stock exchange (LSE). The city is the headquarter of the FTSE 100 and over 100 of the largest company’s Europe. The city also hosts m
Introduction The functioning of any company depends on the efficiency of its managers and strategies they suggest to solve specific problems and guarantee further evolution. In such a way, the fundamentals of management acquire the top priority. Their importance could be evidenced by analyzing the following scenario. A company producing clothes decides to run globally and open its departments in different regions of the world. Regarding the modern tendencies in world trade, the Gulf region, and Asia become the main strategic areas where the most powerful facilities should be opened. In such a way, several specific managerial tasks should be performed to guarantee the success of the new entry and final success. Analysis Thus, the first specific area is planning. It is the central aspect of any project or business activity that is focused on the consideration of all hypothetical problems or barriers that might appear during the evolution of a new venture. Successful and efficient planning presupposes calculation of financial aspects, spending, income, profit, and expected outcomes. Additionally, managers should analyze the peculiarities of the area, culture, customer behavior, and the paying capacity of potential customers (Griffin, 2015). These features are an essential element of any business activity as they impact outcomes and the companys opportunities for growth. Finally, the planning stage should include advertizing strategies and other activities aimed at the attraction of customers. For this reason, regarding the case, the company should analyze the market in the Gulf and Asian regions and plan its entry in accordance with the suggested points. Conclusion The second critical activity is organizing. Having created an efficient plan for further development, any company should delegate tasks between its managers to guarantee that all actions needed for the development of the project will be handled appropriately. Moreover, the company should distribute existing costs creating a particular pool that will be used to sponsor all activities aimed at the further evolution of the brand in the selected areas (Robbins, Coulter, & De Cenzo, 2016). Finally, efficient communication patterns should be established to ensure the enhanced cooperation between all facilities and their ability to alter their work if some problematic issues appear. In such a way, the fundamental of planning describes how the suggested strategy should be executed. Leading is another fundamental of management that should be considered when running globally and creating a strategy for the successful lunch. Leadership is one of the central issues needed for the further evolution of any firm or company. However, new departments should be headed by experienced and skillful employees who demonstrate high devotion, competence, outstanding managerial abilities. (Lussier, 2016). Wor
Introduction   * The knowledge passing through learning is a torch.   * The role of teacher is not only in passing this torch, but also keeping it lit, through accumulating new knowledge and experiences.   * The main phases are: igniting, keeping lit and passing on. Portfolio Highlights – Torch Ignited   * The ignition is traced back to school years:       + playing school with my friends in elementary school;       + the participation in a teaching program in high school;       + volunteer tutoring elementary students after school. Torch Ignited   * Literacy retrospective:       + Instructions teacher-directed instead of child-directed, using images of control.       + methods such as rote memorization, skill-based instructions and competitive learning. Keeping the Torch Lit   * The knowledge gained can be summarized through various courses, with each course adding to my overall experience;       + LYST 218- modeling different areas of literacy through reading aloud, incorporated in Center Street School, Herricks School District with third graders.   * LYST 240- patience, social context, and focus on strengths in assessments and evaluation, incorporated ever since:       + Three influential strategies of evaluation:           o Process observation and analysis;               - Multiple processes making writers’ decision;           o Reader Response to Literature;               - Focus on known information, rather than what they are unable yet to achieve;           o Writing Document Analysis;               - a system for accurately assessing meaningful feedback.   * LYST 241- Miscue analysis, a window on the reading process, according to Goodman, Watson, and Burke, “Those who look through the ‘window’ at the reading process have a way to describe, explain, and evaluate a reader’s control or ownership of the process:       + Shanna’s profile – miscue analysis procedures helped in evaluating Shanna’s developmental level, and focusing on her strength will help improving reading fluency and word pronunciation.   * LYST 242 – Biographic Profile:       + Lien Profile;       + Applying learned concepts with Lien as a period of transferring theory into practice;       + Period of accommodation determining the strengths;       + Focus on those strengths. Influential Lighters   * Denny Taylor:       + Learning Denied (1991)– Students learn differently and at different rates, and standardized tests does not help at that;       + From the Child’s point of View (1993) – Testing practices dilemma, “Teachers can use their informed opinion to develop narrative descriptions of the ways in which students use their academic abilities.   * Cristina Igoa:       + The Inner World of the Immigrant Child The book is personally close to my experience, outlining the special case of the immigrant child and the need for support “to facilitate their transition between two worlds”. Conclusion- Passing the Torch   * Passing the torch marks the beginning
Introduction Nowadays, supermax prisons, which represent special units for particularly dangerous criminals, have significantly increased in popularity. While supermaxes can serve as an effective tool in terms of crime-fighting, it also has some drawbacks. These drawbacks include the challenge of assessing causal claims related to supermaxes, legal and ethical issues that are brought by this type of prison, or definitional problems in discussing supermax incarceration. In this essay, the legal and ethical issues of supermax prisons will be discussed. Supermax Prisons and its Legal and Ethical Issues It is difficult to say if supermaxes should or should not be used. On the one hand, the utilization of these housing units in prisons can be effective, while on the other hand, it raises a lot of legal and ethical questions. Thus, a Professor of Criminology at Florida State University, Daniel Mears, using scientifically based research studies, reveals several legal and ethical issues related to supermaxes. These issues are violence that prevails in these units, its violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, deterioration of inmates’ mental health, and poor access to health care services to these prisons (Mears, 2019). Indeed, the harsh treatment of those who are imprisoned in supermaxes goes against the law. According to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, prisoners should not experience poor treatment or any other restrictions except for the deprivation of their liberty. Article 10 of the Covenant states that “persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person” (The General Assembly of the United Nations, 1966, p. 176). Unfortunately, inmates of supermaxes are often subjected to hardship and constraints, which is resulting from the nature of these units (Shalev, 2016). Therefore, the placement of prisoners in supermaxes, which are known for their ill-treatment and cruelty, can result in the violation of laws and human rights. As it was mentioned above, utilizing supermaxes can provoke mental health issues in inmates or exacerbate their existing mental problems. Due to these issues and violence, murders behind bars are a common phenomenon in supermaxes. Indeed, about 25 percent of the occupants commit murders in the U.S. Penitentiary Administrative Maximum (ADX) in Colorado (Gaines & Miller, 2018). Thus, supermaxes not only fail to prevent committing crimes by the occupants in the future but also provoke murder on the territory during the term of inmates’ imprisonment. Another ethical issue that can be added to the list is the lack of privacy in the supermaxes. The staff always controls prisoners through video cameras and microphones, which are set everywhere, even in the cells, where prisoners spend time during solitary confinement. Stephen Richards highlights this idea in his research focused on prisoners’ lives in one of the f