ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Organizations have been in existence ever since humanity came into existence. Within these organizations, there has been a need for communications plans and proper organizations models so that there is a proper and smooth operation. Human beings do communicate differently and these in turn affects organizational operations, as they are the people who make up these organizations. There have been several ways identified for human communications by experts in this field. Communication is a field that is so wide in relation to other sectors. Therefore, people have proposed the rise of the many models ever since the time of Aristotle to present times. As wide as it is, it includes the various disciplines such as journalism, anthropology, rhetoric, and psychology amongst many others. This paper will tend to look into one of these very many communications model and one organizational model analyzing them side by side to come up with various weaknesses and problems that might arise from the use of such a communications model. The main analysis style will be the AMA 8-step process. Introduction Communication amongst human beings is particularly valuable, and understanding of the same is supposed to be in the priorities of organizations that intend to remain relevant in the market. Human communication is concerned with the conveyance of information from one source to the other, and this rule underscores the reason why the field has various models that look at it from different perspectives (Littlejohn, & Foss, 2008, p. 69). The entire process, however, aims at initiating and inculcating development amongst the people involved. As there are unusually many organizations in existence, so there are so many organizational models in existence, all of which serve different organizations’ various roles and objectives. Since human beings form an organization, there is a need to build a strong base of faithful organization members, a fact that is elusive without proper communication (Miller, Vandome, & McBrewster, 2009, p. 88). Hence, the need for any organization that needs to thrive, to identify with one model of communication that acts, as a guide to all the organization’s communications needs is paramount. Some communication models will look at communication from the perspective of information a receiver needs to communicate, whereas other will give importance to the fact that the sender initiates the process and thus, the person needing the communication the most. Some scholars in defining the term human communications have used this view. A famous definition of communication existed that many people have taken to use, because of its ease and the extent to which it summarizes the occurrences in a communication process. This supposition underscores the definition of communication
Airbus is a joint venture in Europe, involving EADS and BAE organizations. Its centre is in France. Since 1970’s, Airbus has become an aircraft producer for massive civil jetliners and, currently, it is struggling for the market headship with Boeing, in a duopoly. The corporation offers an array of aisles and broad, body aircrafts, which ferry from 110 to 555 travelers, a mark of sturdy diversification. Airbus has the mark of the innovation leader, through using fresh technologies for lessening operating fuel burn, overheads, noise, emanations, and, concurrently, the escalating range. Since 2002, the corporation has been experiencing regular revenues boost. In 2006, the company recorded €25.2 billion, a raise of 13.2% from the previous year (Airbus, 2006). Therefore, Airbus is the cash cow of EADS, with almost 64 % of the sum revenue at EAD. Airbus believes piously in the well-built air traffic connecting main hub airports in the world, from a strategic standpoint. Hence Airbus considers its mega-jumbo A380 like the airline’s preeminent solution in prospect (Norris, 2010). This paper first analyzes the mission, objectives, and strategies of Airbus, before discussing the key internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as, the key external opportunities and threats facing the industry. Recommendations and conclusions appear at the last sections of the paper. Mission, Objectives, and Strategies of Airbus The long-term strategic purpose of Airbus is in its strategic group vision of “creating the best and safest aircraft” (Airbus, 2006). The mission statement, which pursues the standard “to meet the wants of operators and airlines through producing the most recent and comprehensive aircraft family on the market, complemented by the highest standard of product support”(Airbus, 2006), substantiates the long term strategic purpose of the company. To specify this mission, Airbus planned in its goal that the corporation desires to deliver strong products in a sustained way, while dominating almost half of commercial aircraft market, in the globe, eventually. This will thrive by objectives such as extra internationalization, centering on chief geographic markets, intensifying its client services offering, as well as, reinstating its competitive frame through focusing on competence and flexibility. Key Internal Strengths A chief reason for the triumph of Airbus is diversity. At present, the global presence of airbus is growing internationally. Airbus has advantage due to the diversity of its workers. For instance, among its 55,000 workers, are employees from
In economic theory, the principle of scarcity refers to the limited amount of resources available to fulfill human needs and desires. It is a fundamental basis of economics as the existence of scarcity creates the necessity of choice. The principle of choice, selecting a path of action that presents the most benefits based on the available information at the given point in time, is the core of economic operations. Any individual, group, or country desire goods and services which must be created from resources. In addition, the creation of goods requires the use of abstract means such as research, skill, and time, which also require certain resources. The continuous limitation of resource availability requires a cost and benefit analysis for every decision. The most common interpretation of economic resources is the inputs used to produce goods and services. There are a variety of available resources, including human, natural, financial, and technological. They are necessary to sustain the economy, which is fundamental to human civilization. Therefore, to sustain our existence, resources must be continuously managed to balance human needs and available inputs. Any disbalance most often results in negative consequences and possibly catastrophic outcomes, as evident throughout the history of economics. Resources are considered scarce because, in order to acquire them, we are faced with the necessity of a tradeoff. Each decision results in an opportunity cost of lost alternatives. There is a limited quantity of every imaginable resource, even if it seems abundant. Goods and resources which are abundant have little to no value (in economic terms) and may be provided for free. However, because something is free does not imply there is no resource cost behind it as materials, time, and energy was necessary for its creation. Value is determined by the intersection of need and desire to meet the constraints of scarcity and purchasing power. Scarcity is often based on context. For example, the abun
The decision of the Supreme Court in the Misco case concerning substance abuse and drug testing for employees is very important for a number of different reasons. Moreover, this decision is vital when it comes to Court’s support of arbitration as the most proper way of settling disputes between employers and the employees. The Court also held that any policy against the use of illegal drugs in the workplace should be well defined in terms of laws and not reliant upon any considerations or thoughts of the public. The Misco Decision The Misco ’s decision to fire an employee without any thorough investigation shows obvious irresponsibility. There was no actual evidence that the employee used or possessed an illegal substance while working it was only proven that he smoked marijuana in his car, and not on the premises of the company. Subsequently, the arbitrator came to the conclusion that the given case should only be limited to the facts the employer had at the time of firing the worker. The management tried to appeal the decision, stating that giving the employee his job back would be against the public policy about operating complicated and dangerous equipment under the drug influence (Holley, Jennings & Wolters, 2012, p. 494). In my opinion, the Misco ’s decision was both reasonable and unreasonable. On the one hand, the worker shouldn’t have operated any equipment after using an illegal drug, however, on the other hand, the decision was too quick, and the actual facts weren’t investigated properly. A company has a complete right to fire an employee for using illegal drugs in the workplace; however, a just and a thorough inquiry should be held on the matter. How to Cope with a Management Lockout A lockout is a procedure of closing the workplace during a labor dispute in order to make the employees abide by the rules stated by an employer. In a nutshell, it is a reverse strike. When the employer and the labor union come to a mutual decision, they return to work, maintaining their agreements, however, there also may be option of returning to work with no mutual decision or not returning to work at all until other measures are undertaken (Alberta Labor Relations Board, 2004, p. 3). During a lockout, it is essential for understanding that it is not an answer to a problem that appeared between the management of the company and the employees. Every person in the management board as well as in the labor union wants to come to a conclusion and resume the work, so being radical and obstinate in personal opinions is not the most adequate decision. Instead, it is better for the union leaders to start negotiating with a management board in order to come to an initial agreement that would set the tone for the following negotiations. In order to cope with a management lockout, it’s important to clearly state your opinions and demands as well as to listen and understand the demands and opinions of the other party, without resorting to any altercations. It is also important to remember that the work can be resumed without a
Introduction Anthem is a fiction book written by Ayn Rand. The book highlights the theme of discrimination. In the book, a certain category of people is treated as inferior and lacking any rights, and they are required to serve the interests of others. This is the perfect definition of discrimination in society, and this shows that the author is clearly abreast of the theme of discrimination. For the reader, taking this topic to the end was an effective way to present the theme; here, the book comes out as focused, allowing the reader’s mind to concentrate on one topic. Here, it is important to point out that through this focus on one topic, the book deals with the theme in the most extensive way. From the book, one can indeed learn all which relates to discrimination, and as an example, this book teaches that with discrimination, a group’s basic rights are denied. This is presented in the book from the way the narrators are denied the chance to advance in learning as well as excommunicated when they make the discovery. Analyzed this way, the conclusion is that this book is informative. It teaches the whole topic of discrimination for anyone to fully learn it. The theme of Discrimination in Rand’s Anthem The use of symbolism by the author is also important to note. According to the author, those discriminating used politics as well as social structures to continue the same. In the book, these elements of discrimination include, among others, ‘ palace of corrective detention…council of the home, home of scholars, homes of the useless among others (Ayn 14). In the book, these names represent forms of leadership that are supposed to treat people equally but which have been framed to continue discrimination and persecution on the category of those who are discriminated against. The use of symbolism in the book achieves three objectives. First is that it makes the reader get the connection between leadership in this country (setting) and the leaders themselves. Reading the book, and coming across the symbols of discrimination used in it, the reader discovers that discrimination was being hatched by leaders and also implemented by the same group. To this end, symbolism in the book helps the reader to understand the theme of discrimination. They also help the leader to connect the different elements of the whole theme of discrimination. The thematic correctness of the book is also worth something; this is clear when liberty, as discussed in the book, is considered. In the book, the theme of liberty is presented as the opposite of discrimination, and there is a category representing liberty in this book. As presented in the book, this group does possess an important quality of confidence (Ayn 14). Analyzed against what is known of liberty heroes, one concurs that this is a true description of liberty heroes. No hero walks with his head down. The group of liberty, as described in the book, indeed highlights the motivation
Motivational interviewing is critical in character transformation. It is a focussed, client-oriented counseling approach. The initiative is aimed at stirring the process of behavior and character change. Clients facing various challenges must be assisted to resolve their problems. Motivational interviewing concentrates on the capacity to support individuals to adopt positive lifestyles. Therefore, it is notable that this process is goal-oriented. The process has been widely applied in the assistance of people confronted by diverse complications. There is an evident application of motivational interviewing in mental assessments. The process aims to analyze and provide solutions for basic challenges affecting individuals. The counselor must be committed to pursuing these goals. This process is different from normal counseling in several ways. For instance, it directly advocates for the transformation in an individual’s lifestyle (Bundy, 2004). There is an eminent evolutionary process in the establishment of this concept. The development of motivational interviewing began in the analysis of the challenges faced by drinkers. Behavioral psychotherapy is the fundamental springboard for the development of this concept. The applicability of this process in medical and psychiatric interventions remains beneficial. These advantages are important both to the counselor and the client. There are common health challenges associated with this process. These might include lifestyle diseases or conditions such as obesity, alcoholism, and heart complications (Webb, 2011). There are counseling conditions that must be met during any motivational interviewing process. For example, when attending to a client, the counselor must initiate a positive rapport with the client. This initiative creates a positive platform towards attaining the basic objectives of the conversation. Apart from this, it enables the client to have full disclosure of the challenge. Generally, any process of motivational interviewing must be done in a positive and open environment. This consideration enables the clients to be more open and ready for discussion. Perhaps, this indicates why effective training is necessary for motivational interviewers. In order to achieve this, establishing a positive rapport is appropriate. Basically, motivational interviewing is a critical process that aims at behavior change. There is need for a comprehensive analysis or examination of issues related to motivational interviewing. Review
Throughout history, there have been periods characterized by renewal and spiritual hunger. At times, people have tried to further understand their spiritual life by reverting to the origins of their faith. As the second millennium neared its end and at the beginning of the third one, organized religions of the world were unable to establish the connection they had been looking for. In the present times, people have been exploring the Celtic tradition in a bid to be in touch with what they have regarded as the Sacred Divine. For years, a collection of many books has been written in an attempt to fully understand the pre-Christian Celtic culture and history. Anthropology and archeology have gradually started to provide some useful information concerning the Celts. However, there have been many challenges presenting themselves when trying to understand this history and culture. One of the challenges that can be pointed out is that the process of interpreting the available literary and archeological materials can only be achieved through thorough comparisons which take a lot of time to complete. For instance, the earliest existing sources are derived from a period when the earlier practices and beliefs had been replaced by Christianity. The challenge is that scholars who try to explain the history and culture of the Celts today must document things that were stated as facts and the ones that were not stated. Many people today might think that Celts were one race but this was not the case since they were a group of societies characterized by diversity. They were different tribes living in different locations but who shared value systems and beliefs. In addition, they had common cultural roots and linguistic affiliations. The term Celtic is used to refer to ‘of or related to indo-European languages Celtic group.’ For a long period of time the term was used to make reference to everything pertaining to individuals believed to have lived in regions where Celtic languages were spoken. A hypothetical common Celtic from indo-European came into place by 1000 BC. The different tribes speaking this language became the group of people dominating Central and Western Europe by 6 th century BC as it known by the Romans and the Greeks. After some years, but before the end of the pre-historic period, the language split into two. Today, there are different sources that document the history and culture of the Celtic people and which can be used to gain further understanding of the group. For instance, archeological findings reveal that the Celts were creative and skilled artisans. They produced complicated metal workings in bronze, silver and gold which exhibited their unique skills and creativity. From archeology, it is understood that the Celts also produced beautiful and useful pottery alongside wood-workings and textile. Another source of information that gives insight about the Celts is written legends and myths. These narrate different aspects of the lives of the Celts. For instance, through myths and legends, their belief systems are understood. Apart from archeological and legendary sources, there are other written sources of information availa
The three possible factors that must be present to improve the existing paid employment participation of female Emirati employees are motivation, empowerment, and fair treatment. The inhibiting factors, on the other hand, are a patriarchal society, lack of career choices, and societal disapproval of liberated women (Gallant & Pounder, 2008; Mostafa, 2005). The context of Emirati women acquiring their education abroad is also crucial because native society does not see them as local anymore when they finish their studies. These beliefs may stem from the idea that men and women are practically different on two essential levels: cognitive and socio-emotional (Nino, 2006). Ultimately, this became one of the main reasons why men started somewhat exploiting women’s looks when setting up the trends for the entertainment industry. Yet, women also tend to use their sexuality as a commodity when they overlook the importance of personal skills and utilize their bodies as a source of income, which might have also been a consequence of male interactions within the entertainment industry. On the other hand, women may be struggling when not being included in informal networks of communication, such as gossip chains, probability chains, or cluster chains. This might be a crucial drawback when influencing the economic power attained by women, especially when the latter is compared to those of men who historically do not have to record as much input as compared to their female counterparts (Weber, 2006). Gender stratification may be subjectively supported under the conditions where women are not paid equally, and their feedback is never recorded to address gender-specific issues. The coercive power that males might have is most likely to increase when the institution supports its competitiveness and only produces a slightly tangible image of equality (Blumberg, 1988; Chafetz, 2006). This could be addressed with the help of empowerment and rational choices.
It is important to think about effects of computers on roles played by experts in responding to queries on various fields of study. Robots might replace human beings in future because of advancements in technology. Critics argue that computers are more effective, fast, and thorough in providing information on certain areas of study. However, experts give better responses because they possess ability to synthesize, evaluate, and criticize information in order to provide best answers to queries. First, skills of an expert are needed to feed a computer with information that it generates when presented with a query. Therefore, an expert gives better responses to queries than a computer. Information obtained from computers is secondhand because it originates from experts (Baldauf and Stair 34). However, critics argue that computers give better responses because humans are prone to errors. This argument is erroneous because even computers make errors depending on quality of programs installed. Moreover, an expert can correct errors but a computer cannot. Second, robots only respond to queries that contain certain search phrases. A robot cannot give responses to unclear queries if a certain phrase is not provided (Helander and Prabhu 42). In contrast, experts understand queries better than robots and offer the best answers after evaluating and analyzing information (Baldauf and Stair 37). A Computer may give a wrong response because a search phrase might be connected to a different answer in the computer’s program. Critics argue that even experts occasionally fail to understand queries and thus give wrong answers. However, interaction between people facilitates better understanding because more information that improves comprehension can be provided (Helander and Prabhu 44). A computer cannot respond to additional information because it responds only to certain phrases. If the scope of a phrase is not inclusive of all aspects of the query, then a robot provides an insufficient answer. Third, responses from computers are limited in scope because there is no interpersonal discourse between a user and the computer (Markoff 73). In contrast, a human expert can provide additional information on a certain query by interacting with the other person. An expert evaluates a query from different perspectives and as such, gives the most appropriate answer. If computers give better responses to queries than humans do, they would be used to instruct students in institutions of learning. However, they are not used because they have several limitations such as inability to interact with students. Some critics argue that computers are not used because policies to allow there are nonexistent. However, there is no evidence of computer use in teaching except video conferencing between learners and instructors. Computers cannot instruct learne