ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Diplomacy is the ability to handle conflicting affairs between different nations and without any introduction of hostile environments. For a very long time, diplomacy has been the main ingredient in settling policies. United States diplomacy has been the most easily accessible survey ever conducted and it is also widespread. It played a big role when America was struggling with England during the independence for it lay among the best-known tactics of settling disputes. In 1776 when independence was declared, Americans needed a powerful collaborator during the war and they decided to go for England’s long-time enemy, France to help them launch the attacks. A continental congress picked out one person and sent him to France as an undercover agent from where he was required to help the Americans get reinforcement. The first diplomat to succeed in getting support from France was Benjamin Franklin, whose diplomatic savoir-faire led to the contract of coalition with France in the year 1778; these brought a lot of changes during the war and in the bigger picture it helped in the establishment of sovereignty and the diplomatic nation at large. By the 20 th century, the United States had become a superpower all over the world and even when the world war started it continued doing business with other nations, making it the main target of Germany after it was forced to be part of the war by fighting back to defend itself. The president who was in power (Franklin D. Roosevelt) said, “We are going to win this war and we are going to win the peace that follows.” He traveled all over the world to meet those who acted as catalysts to the war in person to negotiate for peace. World War 2 was the most sadistic and largest equipped clash in the times gone by of human beings. The confrontation was fought for many different
Introduction With the emergence of globalization, the world stock markets have become interdependent thereby if there is a change in one stock; the ripple effect is felt in other stocks in terms of volatility and returns. In this review we examine how the volatility of Irish stocks has evolved since 2000 to 2009 and the factors that have influenced them. In focus are the main factors that influence the volatilities and how correlated the volatilities are in the different industries. In this review, we shall look at the influence of the U.S policies on the American stock market and in return the effect on the Irish stock market (Bredin et al, 2004). There several ways through which the information about expected changes in financial policies are conveyed to the investors. From past studies it has been shown that investors invest in stocks prior to release of policy news which they hope will serve to their advantage. Therefore after the policy information has been past, the investors react accordingly, and this phenomenon is referred to as “the calm before a storm effect”. Bredin et al. (2005) found evidence of a calm before the storm effect and of an asymmetric response to unexpected US policy
The focal point of the paper is to prepare a critic of the article “ Air Force tests alternative fuels (04/24/2008): will there be a coal-burning fleet in the wild green yonder? ” written by David Blake and published in the Military Periscope Special Reports on April 24, 2008. The author expresses his concern over the global price rise and politics of oil and illustrates the need for fuel and alternative fuel for the US. He indicates his article towards the use of CLT or coal as liquid fuel or synthetic fuel. He mentions that there is a negative side of the use of CLT as it emits more CO2 into the atmosphere and thus pollutes the environment. However, he insists that this use of CLT is needed in the immediate future in order to sustain the dominating power of the US. He illustrates the operations taken up by the US air force in view of CLT and thus the author is concern about the military supremacy of the US and about the global environment at the same time. However, though the article is more dominated with advocacy of the CLT, it does enumerate different alternate fuel sources and the mode of using CLT over the others. (Blake, 2008) The main concern of the text is applying cleaner production means systematically addressing all phases of the production process and p
Since time immemorial, varied disciplines and institutions have been engaged in investigations about the origins and causes of crime. In the process, different factors have been highlighted which have great influence on the type and frequency of crimes in different places. There are different types of crime analysis which help the administrative personnel to plan on preventing and suppressing criminal activities. Some of these, crime analysis include; tactical, strategic, and administrative crime analysis. This paper will seek to answer various relevant questions related to tactical crime analysis (Douglas, 2003). After reviewing the incident summary from the crimes which occurred in; convenient store in South State Street, Gas-N-Go on corner of State and Main Streets, and Donut Shop on South State Street. It’s evident that, a tactical crime analysis is being performed from the information deri
Fair Labor Standards act was enacted to regulate wages as well as number of hours at the workplace. In the nineteenth century, efforts to limit the minimum working hours started but this was not successful until 1938 when the Congress adopted the Fair Labor Standards Act. The minimum wage and the hours’ law have become common due to their effect to anti-poverty legislation despite receiving suspicion from labor and political leaders. The minimum wage laws started with the introduction of Senator Hugo L. Black’s bill in 1932. Senator Hugo’s Bill The bill sought to block out involvement in interstate commercial activities of goods produced under more than thirty hours per week or six hours per day legislation. However, the two Supreme Court Cases namely 1918 Hammer vs. Dagenhart and 1923 Adkins vs. Children’s Hospital seemed to affect the success of this bill negatively. These cases seemed to block such laws. The Supreme Court ruled that the federal child labor regulations that were passed the previous year unconstitutional. In the 1923 Adkins vs. Children’s Hospital the court ruled against the minimum wages for women in the District of Columbia describing such actions as null and void and arbitrary to the Fifth Amendment. However, Black differentiated his Bill from the law that had been rejected in 1918 Hammer Case. He argued that laws should be inferred to meet existing stipulations when they are being inferred. The Bill was not passed by the House. In the fiscal 1933 the legislature passed National Industrial Recovery Act dubbed NRA with an aim to look into upper limit hours and least amount wages. The bill was developed by the then administration under the program dubbed “New Deal”. The aim of the act was to do away with anti-trust laws and enable industries implement the policies of fair trade that would ensure increased wages and decreased competition among the industrial players. Roosevelt utilized the NRA to transmit the state head Re-employment accord that would generate job opportunities, elevate earnings hence refurbish trade. More than two million three hundred thousand concords were marked by the managers to cover up sixteen million three hundred thousand employees. The Agreement stipulated 35 to 40 hours of work per week with a weekly minimum wage of $12- $15. Patriots could only buy from employers who had signed the agreement. They were identified by a Blue Eagle which had a motto “We do our part”. Later other codes were developed such as The Cotton Textile code. On the other hand, in the financial year 1935, the Supreme Court undoubtedly blew down the NRA based on the fact that it was undemocratic and that it surpassed the supremacy of the national command as confirmed by the Clause of Commerce. The following year, the court rejected the New York minimum wage law terming it as uncon
Patient safety and the promotion of high-quality services are the two primary goals of nurses. However, sometimes, hospitals may experience unprofessional behavior of nurses that may impact patients and determine their safety. Therefore, the medical staff, including managers and leaders, should use different strategies and policies to avoid conflicts and problems as it happened in the case when the medical assistant forgot to report on the patient’s blood pressure changes and provoked conflict with the clinical staff. Bowie, Skinner, and de Wet (2013) offered root cause analysis to investigate patient safety incidents and improve organizational management. Unprofessional behaviors may impact patients in a variety of ways, and the solution of problems may be rather challenging for a hospital and patients’ families (Martinez et al., 2015). Therefore, each step has to be taken in a proper way, recognizing goals and expectations. Root cause analysis can be used to understand the reasons for unprofessional nurse behaviors and clarify the improvements that can be offered to organizations (Bowie et al., 2013). In the case under discussion, the poor work of nurses can be explained by the lack of communication, an inability to express personal and professional opinions, and no intentions to listen to each other. The result of such negligence lies in the possibility to put a life of a patient under threat. Patient safety is a core value of any hospital, and nurses cannot challenge this issue. They have to work hard and demonstrate their best skills. Martinez et al. (2015) suggest such practices as speaking up and openness insurance as the best solutions to prevent unprofessional behaviors. Nurses have to learn how to talk to each other and find time to discuss patients and their concerns in any condition.
Starting from July 2016 the phenomenon of Pokémon Go app has been started. People across several countries entered augmented reality to catch Pokémons and pokétops, while competing with other players in the virtual world of Pokémon Go . The game obtained popularity among people who felt nostalgia about Pokémon and showed two major audiences of the game: people of their 20s and 30s (Keogh, 2016, p. 40). Along with the nostalgia and reviling feeling of childhood, the audiences were attracted to simple, social, and flexible play experience offered by Pokémon Go. Although augmented reality, location-based games, artworks, and marketing campaigns have existed before, the success of Pokémon Go in industry can be explained by ubiquity of smartphones and with convergence of brand and technology (Keogh, 2016; Hjorth & Richardson, 2017). Pokémon Go brought videogames based on augmented reality to another level and illustrated how the successful use of existing brand can increase popularity of a game. Despite ground-breaking nature of Pokémon Go, there is critique of the game concerning the effects of location-based technologies on the privacy of constructions (Hjorth & Richardson, 2017, p.4). Critics accepted technological advancement of Pokémon Go but did not believe that the videogame will last for the long period (Keogh, 2016). However, the game demonstrates how the feeling of nostalgia with the use of technologies brings success to a videogame, provoking the mobile game industry to develop more hybrid reality games. Defining Characteristics of Pokémon Go Genre Pokémon Go is an app that can be downloaded to every smartphone and be played almost everywhere. The genre of app is a videogame with hybrid reality. It is based on famous anime series called Pokémon and is the part of Pokémon franchise. The game’s slogan which is “you gotta catch ‘em all” illustrates its core goal of collecting all 150 distinguishable Pokémons. The unique feature of the genre is that players always compete and trade with each other, thereby creating social networks (Hjorth & Richardson, 2017). People are interacting and experiencing collective feeling of nostalgia through Pokémon Go. Due to the augmented reality technologies players associate themselves with the characters of the anime series, so they catch Pokémons and get the perception of pursuing their childhood dreams (Baranowski, 2016). Moreover, most of players complained about the complexity of mobile games that are based on augmented reality and location-based technologies, searching for the simpler game with “easy” engagement (Keogh, 2016, p. 40). Pokémon Go provided simple and flexible engagement for the users, so gaining popularity faster than any other similar game. The game required time to develop and adapt to circumstances. History of Pokémon Go Genre Speaking about the history of Pokémon Go, it starts from the anime series Pokémon which
Introduction Sleep is one of the main infants’ activities during the first two years of their life. That is why the focus on examining the infants’ sleeping patterns is important in order to conclude about the factors which can prevent infants from sleeping well and from providing recommendations on how to improve sleeping behaviours. Thus, the topic of the current Early Childhood Project is the Sleeping Patterns, and the purpose is the presentation of the effective recommendations on how to help infants sleep better. The conclusions and recommendations are based on the analysis of the sleeping patterns observed in relation to two female and male infants aged two and six months. Observation Data Two families agreed to provide the information and resources for observing their children’s sleeping patterns. Infant A is a Caucasian female aged two months who is brought up in the upper-middle-class family by the 25-year-old mother and 31-year-old father. Infant B is a Caucasian male aged six months which is brought up in the upper-middle-class family by 34-year-old mother and 40-year-old father. The observation was conducted during a week. The results and notes associated with the conducted observation are provided in Table 1. Table 1. Infants’ Sleeping Patterns.                                  Infant A                                                                 Infant B                                                                                                                                    Age                              2 months                                                                 6 months                                                                                                                                    Gender                           Female                                                                   Male                                                                                                                                        Time Slept                       14 hours                                                                 12 hours                                                                                                                                    Wake-Up Time                     07.00-07.30 AM                                                           07.30-08.00 AM                                                                                                                                                                 * The infant sleeps in a bassinet in the parents’ room.                  * The infant sleeps in a crib in his own room.                                                                                                                               * The infant sleeps in a sleeping bag.                                   * The infant is covered by the blanket, but it is not tucked inappropriately.                                                             Location and Physical Setting      * There no pillows and soft toys in the bassinet.                        * The crib’s surfaces are soft.
Introduction: Coase Theorem Definition There are several ways to define the phenomenon; traditionally, the Coase Theorem is identified as the statement that “in the absence of government authority, the private sector will step in to provide alternative services, depending on the transaction costs” (Skousen, 2013, p. 454). As a matter of fact, it is common knowledge that Coase himself was against the simplified interpretation of his theorem, claiming that the transaction costs can be disregarded, the simplified version went against what Coase was trying to get across (Farber, 1997). According to the author, the theorem was supposed to prove that on no account could the transactional costs be dismissed (Skousen, 2013). Thesis statement Since, according to the Coase Theorem, the economic efficiency of a company is highly dependent on the so-called externalities, which are, in their turn, often relocated by the government, it is imperative that private property rights should be defined as precisely as possible, which makes the definition of the aforementioned rights the key to successful entrepreneurship. Coase Theorem and Governmental Regulation: Alternative Solutions The Coase theorem does not only stress the necessity to refrain from the traditional concept of governmental regulation of private companies and their transactions but also suggests an alternative for modern SMEs to comply with. However, Coase does not suggest that the influence of the government should be eliminated completely; instead, Coase offers the scenario, in which the government should coordinate the transaction costs by driving them to zero. This can be achieved by introducing new institutions into the market. In other words, the government should coordinate the externalities, acco
Introduction Background Information The field of business has seen various companies experience productive competition for the past few decades. The success of a business enterprise depends on its market orientation among other aspects. The more oriented a company is, the more likely it is to take over the market in a particular industry. A good market orientation can assist a company to predict, react and capitalise on the changes that occur in the business environment. A good market orientation enables a firm to improve its performance in the market by managing the competition it faces (Previous Assignment, 2012). This paper uses Nestle to demonstrate how market orientation works and how it determines the performance of a business. Objectives The first objective of this paper is to define the concept of marketing management and show its relevance in the overall management of a business. Secondly, the paper defines the concept of market orientation and its benefits tin business. Ultimately, the paper uses Nestle to outline how the concept of market orientation affects operations of a company. Lastly, the paper gives a number of recommendations to Nestlé’s management concerning the company’s market orientation. These recommendations are intended to help the management improve the company’s performance. Research Strategy The research strategy used to gather information in this report includes both qualitative and quantitative data. The main methods of data collection for the report include a survey and a literature review. The survey was done by administering face-to-face questionnaires to a total of 6 employees of Nestle. The information obtained from the survey was used to determine how market oriented Nestle is. On the other hand, the literature review was used to obtain general information regarding marketing management and market orientation. Marketing Management Marketing Management Definition Marketing management is a business strategy that involves tracking and application of a company’s resources to ensure that its marketing activities give a high return on investment. Consequently, the scope and design of a business organisation’s marketing management are determined by its size. A properly designed marketing strategy should apply a firm’s resources to improve the base of its customers. This is the most effective way through which a company’s marketing manager can enhance the customers’ opinions regarding the company’s image, products and services (Mullins, 2005). Components of Marketing Management A good marketing management strategy should enable a business firm to achieve its goals and improv
This essay is aimed at discussing the film Taken directed by Pierre Morel. In particular, it is necessary to analyze the content of this movie and its theme. On the whole, one can speak about the desperation of a father who must rescue his daughter. Much attention should also be paid to the role of music in this cinematographic work. To a great extent, it reflects the inner world of the characters and enables viewers to sense their emotions. Furthermore, this element is important for creating the atmosphere of suspense and urgency. These are the main questions that should be examined more closely. Taken tells the story of a former CIA agent Bryan Mills who attempts to rescue his daughter from human traffickers. It should be noted that Bryan tries to establish a closer relationship with his daughter Kim. Yet, she is kidnapped by people who want to sell her into sexual slavery. In turn, the main character is forced to start the independent investigation in order to discover a network of gangsters who sell girls to wealthy clients. These elements of the narrative are the most critical ones. In terms of its plot, this film can be viewed as an action film. However, it also throws light on the experiences of a parent who has to fight against heavy odds in effort to protect his only child. This is one of the aspects that can be identified. This film explores several important themes. One of them is the relationship between a father and a daughter. It should be noted that for a long time, Bryan did not have an opportunity to be near Kim. He wants to become a good parent who can win the trust of his daughter, but she is kidnapped. At this moment, Bryan understands that he may lose a person who is most dear to him. In this case, one should focus on the performance of Liam Neeson since this actor is able to reflect the main character’s desperation and his willingness to reunite with Kim. Moreover, one can see that this person will stick at nothing in order to achieve this goal. For example, he is ready to torture other people, but this behavior can be explained by stress and willingness to punish those individuals who deprived him of his daughter. This is one of the points that can be made. This movie can throw light on other important theme, namely the dehumanization of an individual. People are accustomed to thinking that every human being has an intrinsic value that cannot be measured. In turn, the authors of this film show that people can be treated as mere objects that can be put up to action. Such individuals are able to turn human trafficking into a commercial activity that generates significant sums of money for them. Yet, they completely disregard the moral flaws of their behavior. Bryan must confront these people in order to save Kim. Thus, the film-makers examine important ethical questions that should not be overlooked because they can affect thousands of people throughout the world. So, this theme is an important for understanding this movie. It is also critical to discuss the way in which music supports this film. In this case, it can be viewed as non-diegetic sounds whose source cannot be identified or