ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction and Biodata Janet Hurst is a female student in the 3rdgrade that I have observed and assessed for ten days from the 11th to 24 April 2012. The student was diagnosed with autism. She has had difficulties in previous schools. She, therefore, qualified as a special education student. The selection criterion for this student was based on the behavior, and social concerns noted. The student is easily frustrated in the presence of a group of people. This situation also occurs in hallways as she interacts with people. She is usually alone and lacks interest in anything around her. She is not good with words. Therefore, she resorts to making sounds, which are hard to interpret with communication being a problem. She also has some actions, which she repeats now and then. The strange actions appear to be because of sub-consciousness. She has had difficulties while learning and notices the number seven in car number plates even before anyone else does. At home, she is not able to learn new things. She is reported to dislike strangers and visitors to her home. In class, the student has a problem concentrating. She is always moving around. Since her childhood, she has been experiencing problems with hearing. Most people including her parents have thought of her as deaf. She takes a long to respond to commands. This challenge makes people conclude of deafness. The student has had problems in classrooms with poor performance since her first grade. She always comes last in all classes. The teachers in the grades she has been through report behavioral problems associated with the student. She has, however, not experienced any visual problems. However, she cannot concentrate for long to read a passage. Her parents report difficulties in interacting with the other kids. She often ends up fighting and crying most of the time. Tests Administered Throughout the grade and previous grades, the student has sat for many exams. Most of them have been based on the thinking process and communication skills. In most of the tests, reading and writing were tested, with each having its results and interpretations. In reading, the student was provided with passages to read out loud. The diagnosis was made using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence where the student recreated designs using two-color blocks. This exercise was timed. The pictures were also used as responses to questions on general knowledge, which was in the information subtest. In testing vocabulary, Jane was required to name some of the objects provided in picture form. Words were also written where she was required to explain their meanings. Groups of pictures were also provided where she was supposed to pick those that did not belong to the
Facts: On February 10, 1983, Stefan Golab, a worker at Film Recovery, fell ill while performing his duties. He was rushed to the hospital after losing consciousness and foaming at the mouth. Upon arrival at the hospital, however, he was pronounced dead and an autopsy was performed to determine the cause of his death. The autopsy results indicated that Golab had died of acute cyanide poisoning that he had inhaled while working at the company’s plant. The defendant, Steven O’Neil who was a senior manager at the company was charged with murder together with two fellow managers. The grand jury argued that as senior officials at the company, the three individuals had knowingly created an environment that led to Golab’s death by failing to advise and train him on the dangerous chemicals and provide him with protective equipment. Likewise, the company, Film Recovery, and her sister company, Metallic Marketing, were charged with involuntary manslaughter. The argument was that the companies had unintentionally murdered Golab through the negligent acts of their directors. In addition to the murder and involuntary manslaughter charges, the jury also charged the individual and corporate defendants with reckless conduct. Issue: Two issues were raised by the individual defendants. First, O’Neil and his colleagues argued that murder and reckless conduct require different mental states in that for the former to occur, it must be both knowingly and intentional while the former occurs unintentionally. An act therefore cannot be murder and reckless conduct at the same time, hence the inconsistency in the charges. Secondly, the defendants argued that the murder charges were inconsistent with the involuntary manslaughter charge against the corporate defendants. Holding: It was held that the charges made against the defendants were inconsistent. It was also held that the charges against the individual defendants do not provide the basis upon which criminal responsibility can be establishe
Walt Whitman is the outstanding poet of the United States. He, as a man of great will and patriotic attitudes to America could bring the democratic message throughout his poetry in. In this respect he declared the status of the American poetry as a means for cultivating the whole idea of living in the US. “Song of Myself” characterizes Walt Whitman in his capability of using poetic language and personal [intentions for showing the difference that can be excerpted out of his writing style. The poem represents a sort of the author’s first hopes and experience in life. It is a so-called conception of Whitman’s vision on how an American should encompass the reality around. Not but that Whitman prescribed and dedicated his poem exclusively for the American society. He tried to realize the bilateral, sometimes deceitful, nature of a human body and spirit (Kepos 368). The main idea should be perceived and put through the subtle strings of a reader’s soul, for the poem is really rich in the bright statements and claims. Thus, the themes of democracy are clearly stated by Walt Whitman in the poem “Song of Myself.” The form of the poem is quite epical, and it represents a quest of the main character – Walt Whitman – across the United States (Socrates Troy 1). This feature of structuring the poem describes Whitman’s intentional desire to break traditional European norms of rhyme and rhythm in poetry down. As it might be seen, the author chose free verse form to designate the wholeness of the message he put down in “Song of Myself.” It is vital to admit that in his freewill implications Walt Whitman wanted to grasp the cornerstone principles for people to live. This idea can be extended by realizing Whitman’s sincere attitude to spiritual and material domains in which a man lives. The narrative of the poem is quite full of the author’s speculations on what is “everything” he touches upon. In this respect by “everything” one should understand body, soul, life, and other conceptual parts criticized by the main character. As a central single poem in the collection Leaves of Grass , in the part called Starting from Paumanok, Whitman’s “Song of Myself” was first published in 1855 (Kepos 380). It was several times re-edited and transformed by dividing the poem into particular sections. Thereupon, a contemporary reader can point out the structural parts of the poem easily. Hence, the democratic idea in the poem is the fact which Whitman placed as a central manifesto of his work. His patriotism as an original American crosses boundaries of any expected effect after having read the poem. Thus, Whitman ruminates on every feature sparking his interest. He can talk on himself just in the poem and adjust higher values a man living in America might share. In the section 24 Whitman claims for democracy which he justifies as disseminated within himself: I speak the pass-word primeval, I give the sign of democracy, By God! I will accept
China and Japan are neighbour countries separated by a strip of the Pacific Ocean. They are categorically placed in the second and third place respectively in terms of the world’s best economy. Studies indicate that they are the most superior and largest economies in Asia. This therefore means that their relationship is very crucial to the whole world as it is in their continent since they play a big role in both. The relationship between the two countries was in the past not very good. They had territorial and political disputes that greatly affected their relationship. An example was the famous war known as the battle of Baekgang that happened in about 663 AD (Roskin, M., & Berry, N, 2010, p.45). However, with time peace regained after negotiations and in the mid-1990s trade between the two countries was established. Japan became China’s most important trading partner making its economy grow rapidly to the point of posing a great threat to the United States of America. China is known for its high population that offers labour to the manufacturing industries. After a couple of conferences by the leaders of the two nations their relationship begun catching up hence moving from the competitive relationship they had before to a complimentary one. Japan has for a long time been known to produce high valued technology products like motor vehicles, industrial machines just to mention but a few. On the other hand, China produces low valued technology products including electronics and many others. This therefore reduces the likelihood of competition between the two countries. Their relationship also entails cultural exchanges between the two countries where the citizens of one nation attend cultural events organised by the other. Some of these include one held in Beijing- China which was a classical on The Beauty and the Beast as well as the Chinese Film Week held in Tokyo (Roskin, M., & Berry, N, 2010, p.67). The attendance of such events strengthens the bond between both nations. From their close relationship, it can be said that Japan has been greatly influenced by its partner China. Most of the architectural designs, laws and religions in Japan have their origin in China. China has also benefited from this relationship especially after it made reforms in its economy. Its economy has been rapidly growing because of Japan’s support whose economy has been growing at a slower rate as compared to that of China. Both nations also face a problem of insufficient natural resources to cater for their large populations. However, on realisation of this during World War Two Japan acted quickly to improve on its economy. The two countries recently disputed on rare earth metals which they use in their processes to manufacture most electrical appliances. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the relationship between China and Japan is one unpredictable phenomenon. This is due to the fact that once conflicts are solved something else crops out to ruin the created good relationship. It can also be said that most conflict
Introduction Aviation safety is critical for the success of all air travel globally. Companies and governing authorities have the joint responsibility of continually improving aviation safety to ensure the ultimate protection of all passengers and employees. The efforts so far have been positive considering that despite the increasing air traffic, the accidents have exponentially declined. In 1960, for example, over 50 accidents were recorded per million departures. The incident figures declined to about 5 in the 1980s and about 3 in the 2010s per one million departures respectively (Piric, et al., 2019). The current literature has also tried to evaluate the safety performance metrics that can be used to effectively monitor organizations. According to Karanikas (2016), the performance metrics are used by the managers to implement best practices that lead to the highest possible safety outcomes. This report focuses on the Irish aviation safety strategies and best practices. For decades Ireland has demonstrated its commitment to aviation safety by making continuous improvements. The efforts have included making local aviation safety strategies and contributing to and adhering to international standards set by bodies, such as European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) among others. Ireland prepares State Plans for Aviation Safety (SPAS) to be used by the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) to address the state-level safety issues in aviation (IAA, 2020). The 11 th edition of SPAS will be the focal point of this report is examining the strategic position of Irish aviation safety. Among the challenges addressed, there have been challenges outlined in a safety performance review for the year 2019 (IAA, 2019). These two documents and their contents form the background of this report, in addition to other aviation safety documents from EASA, ICAO, and other relevant aviation safety authorities. The safety performance of Ireland will be explored from a strategic point of view. Objectives The primary objective of this report is to study the aviation safety of Ireland to establish how well the IAA has performed. A strategic position and critical analysis of Irish aviation safety will rank the country’s civil aviation safety alongside the European and global aviation authorities. The analysis will also highlight the extent to which the 2020-2023 SPAS report addresses the aviation safety problems highlighted in the safety performance review of 2019. Secondly, the strategic choices and best practices section will examine the best practices in aviation across the globe as documented in ICAO, IATA, EASA, and other leading nations in aviation and determine which of the identified best practices are adhered to by the Irish Aviation Safety Plan. Strategic Position The concept of strategic positioning has been used in the field of strategic management to describe how businesses dist
Training and Development Training entails gaining the skills and competencies needed to do a job, while development is much more personalized as it focuses on the individual employee with the view to making him or her more efficient at a job or capable of dealing with diverse responsibilities and challenges (“Harrods” 1). Importance of Developing Employees The development of employees is important as it not only improves their performance by making them more efficient, but also enables the company to meet its business objectives and targets (“Harrods” 1). Additionally, developing employees ensures that they internalize the broader skills that are applicable to a wider variety of situations and enables them to make informed decisions, think creatively, improve their skills, and make a positive impact on others (Goodman 62; Pino and Cox 146). Recruiting and Retaining Employees at Harrods Available literature demonstrates that the effective recruitment and retention of employees are core business strategies since they drive competitiveness by having the right people with the right skill mix, keep recruitment costs down through low employee turnover, and ensure a skilled and experienced workforce (Mohamed et al. 2055). The methods used by Harrods to recruit and retain the best talent include (1) identifying key competencies required in retail and incorporating them in the recruitment process, (2) exposing employees to different workshops aimed at improving their competencies and skills, (3) su
Introduction Representation can be defined as the action of speaking on behalf of someone else or the use of signs to stand for something else. It involves construction that occurs in the mass media to change aspects of reality, including the people being represented, places, and even cultural identities. Using mass media, representation has witnessed changes over time despite appearing natural (Behm-Morawitz and Mastro, 2008). In most cases, representation depends on an individual’s interpretation, since it usually involves selective aspects. In mass media, representation usually involves the use of art and signs to change the concept of concrete reality, hence leading to stereotyping of characters and heroes in movies and other non-fiction programs from a specific point of view. In this view, representation provides a means and way through which ideologies and concepts of reality are created in such a way that the texts or movies characters including the heroes resembles something else (Martinec and Salway, 2005). This paper will discuss how movies and cinemas usually use representation to stereotype heroes represented in the movies. Again, the paper will discuss representation theory of Barthes in explaining these stereotypes of characters, such as heroes in movies and films (Murray, 2013a). Barthes Theory of Representation To begin with, Barthes representation theory talks about denotation and connotation (Flynn, 2011), and argues that photography connotation, which involves the socio cultural and ideological and emotional personal associations of signs, can be distinguished from aspect of denotation. The aspect of denotation usually involves the literal meaning of signs. Therefore, he argued that these connotations and denotations are usually related to the individuals’ gender, class, age, cultural beliefs, and even ethnicity in their interpretation (Hartman, 2006). Again, signs are more easily interpreted through their connotation than through the use of their denotation. In addition, in most cases, connotation deals with how images and signs are photographed while denotation involves what is photographed (Behm-Morawitz and Mastro, 2008). Furthermore, connotation is more related to myths that are usually associated with classical stories about heroes. Indeed, myths can be used in making sense of the cultural experiences in most cases, especially considering that they are just the most dominant ideologies and values of our time. Moreover, most media representation usually associates our experiences to cultural myths and beliefs that reflect our true realities, including values, attitudes, and beliefs (Felton, Dimnik, and Bay, 2008). Stuart Hall representation theory In terms of non-fiction, Stuart Hall argued that there are three ways of understanding reading texts, which involve encoding and decoding a text. Firstly, texts can b
The following is an analysis of the Pepsi ad that captures the attention of the on-lookers as in the figure shown. The research question will therefore be; what would be the impact of displaying a forged Pepsi bottle in an amazing blue color background? It follows that thesis statement will be; a forged Pepsi metallic can will improve the appearance of the poster. This poster portrays utility satisfaction from taking the drink. It is from this idea that I am drawing my research in coming up with the best ad to give to this drink. Pepsi Poster. A great post gives audience a sense of anxiety. It is from this anxiety that many will proceed to trying out the product. An appealing poster should have a universally accepted icons and message that will find place in the hearts and minds of the target consumers. The poster used in creating an advert should be highly raised, well illuminated and readily visible for improving vicinity across a wide area. All the writings used should be eligible. The on-lookers should not experience difficulties in trying to capture the message contained in the poster because in such a case, most will not even struggle to understand but will only pass. Analysis of the Photo A photo of a truck transporting Pepsi alongside a mind capturing statement is the poster to sell this brand. In this regard, the statement portrays quality of the drink and satisfaction in the units of utility attained after its consumption. The poster is influential in a positive way to the general society by having a universally accepted values and icons. It is estimated that a good poster should attract at least 80% of the on-looker. Out of the 80% on-lookers, it is also estimated that about 65% will end up trying the product. Pepsi Poster Ad Development and Analysis The photo on the poster incorporates the appeals to the logos, pathos and its ethos. The notion of refreshment can be deduced on the poster as evidenced from the bottles state. Its forged form shows a creative and imaginative aspect attracting the attention for many onlookers. The poster presentation is appealing from the background colors applied in creating it, therefore, the ad creates memory to any person looking at it; a quality that a good should advert should have. The bottle in the ad remains in a steady intact condition retaining all the important features of a bottle. This is an important feature since it assures potential customers of a reliable product that can stand external forces and still maintain its quality characteristics. In the poster are transparent truck walls. This notation conveys transparency in the process applied in manufacturing Pepsi and the transport mechanisms. It can be deduced from this aspect that the drink is valid and safe to drink. Safety to the user is a paramount consideration in creating a selling brand. From the selling statement of the post, some
Introduction Companies and organizations are always changing in terms of infrastructure development, staff and resource development and systems upgrade. This is in tandem with changing customer needs, expectations, and requirements. The main aim of the changes is to add more value to the company. To achieve this, a wide range of projects are first proposed to the management who then consider them for implementation. All the portfolios are then scrutinized and the best of them picked. This helps in setting the strategic plan of organizations. This paper describes the options available for implementation. The portfolios that are availed to the management for consideration include the introduction of new software, installation of wireless communication system, and design of company website for communication. Model Company XTEL COMPUTERS is the model company that is picked to aid in discussing the portfolios. Xtel is a software firm that deals with the development of off-shelves and desktop software. In addition to the above services, the company also maintains the software installed for its clients. Xtel has a client base that is composed of small retail outlets, private companies, and individuals. The head office of the company is in Mexico. Xtel has employed field engineers who are mainly outsourced and work on a contract basis. It Portfolios As a communication firm, clients are mainly captured and sustained with an efficient communication system. The design of an interactive client website is one of the projects to be considered as a tool for communication. The wireless system is also a robust idea that is excellent for communication in this digital world. Another proposal is a billing system that can facilitate the easy remittance of funds by clients and also aid in the payment of employees. Strategies for Selection and Implementation A web-based communication system