ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The most misunderstood, and thus most misapplied, οf scientific principles is Heisenberg’s uncertainly principle (in the hands οf non-scientists it has about the same relationship with its original counterpart as the sentence “it’s all relative” to either οf Einstein’s theories) and it is not a surprise that the essays in this section have little or nothing to do with physics. The first is a careful study οf adolescence and οf adolescent humor in A Portrait in which Roy Gottfried studies the difference between what Stephen Dedalus and the young James Joyce think literature should be and the reality οf their writings, in which most οf the theories are either disregarded or even inverted. Pericles Lewis argues next for a rereading οf Stephen’s claim at the end οf A Portrait that he will forge the conscience οf his race. Instead οf seeing Stephen as the proud and lonely artist who has rejected family, religion and nation, Lewis claims that the young artist tries to overcome his subjectivity and that the artist’s “role was not to invent a new consciousness for the race but to epitomize the age-old racial conscience that created both the artist and his people” (Schork, pp. 191-193). After Michael H. Begnal has disabused those οf us who still believed that in A Portrait Stephen’s love for Emma was on the whole rather chaste, Tara Williams looks at a brief scene in Ulysses, the apparition οf Rudy, that has insufficiently been commented on. As in the previous essay, she does not so much stress uncertainty as offer another and fresher look at something that we have hitherto failed to understand. The first οf the “strange attractors” is James Clarence Mangan. Heyward Ehrlich traces Joyce’s “invention” οf Mangan as a literary precursor from his paper at the Literary and Historical Society in February 1902 to references to the poet in Finnegans Wake, and he stresses the unacknowledged role in this story οf W. B. Yeats. Vivian Valvano Lynch then considers the role οf Joyce himself as a strange attractor, in this case his influence on three American writers, William Kennedy, Peter Quinn and Henry Roth, and Sandra Manoogian Pearce then traces echoes οf the end οf “The Dead” in Edna O’Brien, Mary Lavin and Sean O’Faolain. The strangest attractor in this collection is Adolf Hitler, whose presence or absence in Finnegans Wake is explored by John Gordon. It should be clear that this is a rather ordinary collection οf essays on different aspects οf Joyce’s life which are not too neatly brought together under an umbrella οf scientific terminology that has little if anything to do with the issues discussed here. The exception is the essay by Peter Francis Mackey who in the same month published a whole book on Chaos Theory and James Joyce’s Everyman. Although in that book Mackey mentions using the ideas οf the essay in his book, this acknowledgment is missing in Gillespie’s collection οf essays where the title οf Mackey’s boo
In his constitutional book, Presidential Power War , Louis Fisher elaborates the evolutionary powers of the president in foreign policy especially concerning international conflicts. Fisher’s central idea revolves around the constitution by focusing on its role in defining the powers of the president and the congress. He calls for the American political society to establish check and balances especially in relation to the president’s authority. In the first and second chapter, Louis Fisher highlights the solid constitution whereby the president and congress had to work in consultation. In subsequent chapters, Louis focuses on the mutilation of the constitution of the United States of America, which has slowly granted the president powers therefore, sidelining the role of congress. Consequently, from early 20 th century the United States of America has taken part in a number of international wars such as the Persian Gulf War, Korean War and the Iraq war. Consequently, creating constrained international relations with the parties involved. Therefore, as a legal advisor, Louis Fisher enlightens the society on the impact of the presidential powers to the political and social development of the United States of America. Fisher argues that the major arms of the government the executive, legislature and the judiciary have colluded in tampering with the constitution of the United States of America especially in relation to presidential powers on wars or foreign policy. Fisher commences his book by focusing on the constitution definition of the presidential and congress powers. According to Fisher, the framers of the constitution prevented the establishment of unilateral powers of the president (Fisher, 2004, p.10). Therefore, the congress role was to provide bilateral powers thus, cutting down presidential powers (Fisher, 2004, P.60). The executive had no central decision especially concerning wars, with the practice of collective judgment the president was to act within the constitutional requirements. Although the earlier predecessors of the constitution acted within their mandate, Louis subsequent chapters highlight the deterioration of the bilateral powers in the United State of America. Dating back to the mid 19 th century, the presidents of the United States defied the constitution by establishing himself as the key player in decisions, which concern international conflicts (Powell, 2002, P.40). President Regan, George Bush, Roosevelt and Clinton are among the leaders who have hindered the enforcement of the constitution law, which defines presidential powers. Consequently, the Congress power as the bilateral player especially in matters concerning international conflicts has declined. Relating to the Mexican war of 1846, Fisher
The Cold War was a continuous struggle between two powers that had formed after World War II: the Western camp headed by the USA included the Western capitalistic developed countries; the Eastern block headed by the USSR consisted of the countries which “professed” communism and had command economy. This was a strong political confrontation based on a fundamental mutual ideological rejection; despite the two blocks did not carry out direct military operations, they nevertheless were involved in a perpetual arms race, which led to the substantial increase of their military potential and a huge breakthrough in the field of weapon and military technology. Despite the war is called “cold” considering absence of the explicit military confrontations, this struggle had been “incandescing” the political environment in the World for a long time. When analyzing the causes of the capitalistic camp’s victory in the Cold War, it is hardly possible to limit the discussion by one certain reason; the explanation of the struggle’s outcome lies in both theoretical and historical dimensions, and it is necessary to consider them both. As for the historical context, after the War the USA had rather a beneficial position which helped the country to revive quickly and set the economical and political domination: the Marshall Plan, which seemed to be aimed at Europe’s economical rehabilitation, served for the benefit of the United States, as it brought the international dominance of the dollar and provided the country with a huge international market (McMahon 2003). At the same time, the USSR had been ruined substantially by the 4-year warfare and had no support “from outside”; it recovered not “by means of”, but “in defiance of”. The theoretical aspect of the analysis concerns the essence of two opposite economical systems, which are capitalism and planned economy. The first system is based on competition and private property; correspondingly, the second one rejects private property, and the volume of production is defined not by the demand, but by the governmental planning. Thus, capitalism has a strong advantage: it stimulates progress in production and mass consumption, which are the pillars of economical growth. The absence of these factors is the planned economy’s biggest weakness (Painter 1999). Therefore, it would be perfunctorily to state that the Eastern camp’s defeat was caused only by the pressure of the external factors; as well, the whole economical system of the USSR seems to have “putrefied” from insight. The main problem with the planned economy is that to make the system work it is necessary to plan precisely and farsightedly; however, for the USSR it was an impracticable task: first of all, the country was huge, and the central organs of government were not able to observe the needs of every region; secondly, the political system of the country was in a perpetual condition of stagnation: nepotism and lobbying flourished, and the decisions taken by the government were often not for the benefit of the population (Hanhimaki and Westad 2003). Finally, it is possible to assume that improper planning was a t
Management in the global scene is usually a challenge due to the various cultures that are found around the world. It is for this reason that managers of global organizations find it difficult to manage since they have to understand each of the various cultures, beliefs, and leadership styles. It is important to note that cultural differences affect communication. George, Owoyemi and Onakala (2012) indicate that an organization that has a poor communication system will always find it difficult to succeed. Nigeria’s culture is different from that of America. In addition, the two countries have different cultures from that of China. As a result, the three nations have varying management and leadership styles. A manager of a multinational organization that has operations in any of the three nations is, therefore, supposed to have cross-national management knowledge and skills. Hofstede explained that culture is a collective programming of the mind (Tang, 2012). Therefore, the programs of the mind affect the way people think, the way they feel, as well as the way they do things (Lijun, 2008). One is required to unlearn his or her programs before learning other cultures, a process that Hofstede says that it is more difficult than learning. Hur, Strickland and Dragan (2010) opine that someone from a given culture will be required to unlearn their culture before learning a new culture. In other words, a manager from Nigeria will be required to unlearn the Nigerian culture before learning the American culture or the Chinese culture to manage effectively in any of these two nations. It is the same case for an American manager or a Chinese manager aspiring to manage outside their mother country. Nigeria Leaders of organizations have to work in an environment that is highly unpredictable in Nigeria. George, Owoyemi and Onakala (2012) indicate that the economic environment in Nigeria is unpredictable. This is the same with political, as well as social environments. According to Bayode (2008), organizational leaders in Nigeria especially in the private sector face a lot of challenges. Among the challenges he has cited in his article are dilemmas, such as
Overview The National Portrait Gallery (hereafter also referred to as the Gallery) was founded in 1856 after several attempts to establish such a gallery in 1846 and 1852 by Phillip Stanhope ( Gallery history , n.d.). At present, the Primary Collection includes 12,636 portraits of prominent figures in the history of the UK and displays 8,497 items on a rotating basis ( National Portrait Gallery annual report , 2019). The Gallery “maintains the principle that the paintings in the Collection should reflect the status of the sitter, not the artist” ( National Portrait Gallery annual report , 2019, p. 3). The primary site of the National Portrait Gallery has been at St. Martin’s Place (London) since 1896. Previously, the Gallery sat in different places including Bethnal Green, South Kensington, and Westminster. Several extensions (gallery space, a conservation studio, library, archive, and offices) were built in the 1930s and 1993. In 2000, the Ondaatje Wing was added making new gallery areas, visitor facilities, and a lecture theatre became available to visitors. The National Portrait Gallery is governed by the Board of Trustees consisting of sixteen members. Fourteen members of the board are appointed for four years by the Prime Minister. The other two are ex-officio, and they are the Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Commons, and the President of the Royal Academy ( The Board of Trustees , n.d.). The trustees choose the Chair from among the members of the board, and currently, the Chair is Christopher Townsend who is present at the Board’s meetings as an independent Trustee. Objectives and Trends Table 1. The Key Objectives of the National Portrait Gallery. Objectives of the National Portrait Gallery                                                                                                                        To improve the understanding of and involvement in the development of the Gallery and portraiture.                                                                 To develop the National Portrait Gallery’s collection by the creation of opportunities to acquire, commission, conserve, and improve care.                         To broaden and increase the audience of the Gallery.                                                                                                               To make the Gallery a center of learning and sharing of ideas regarding the art of portraiture with a well-developed knowledge-sharing network across the country. To improve a digital presence and ensure the digital activity of the current teams to engage audiences.                                                            To maximize the Gallery’s financial resources by managing the Gallery’s assets effectively.                                                                        To develop the Gallery’s personnel by training and extending diversity.                                                                                             The key objectives of the Gallery are presented in its annual report and are mainly associated with promoting the development of portraiture and people’s interest in it (see Table
The US government has continuously supported small businesses to enable them secure government contracts that they would otherwise not be able to compete for against larger corporations. This has, for the most part, been realized through the creation of several federal acts and programs such as the Small Business Act. Through such legislation, Aerospace Drones can be supported financially to enable it to deliver on contracts that it can secure from the Department of Homeland Security. Moreover, according to the Small Business administration (2021), federal procurement officers are required by law to set aside contracts worth $3000 – $100000 for small businesses. If the Department of Homeland Security has such opportunities, Aerospace Drones can be awarded contracts over established companies as Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Boeing, and General Atomics. However the company should compete fairly and expertly on fair market prices, good delivery and quality (SBA, 2021). The government has outlined preference programs to be used when procuring for government contracts as a way of ensuring that small businesses have a chance of securing key government contracts. These programs are specific in nature and target a particular group of people (Walsack, 2021). First, the government formed the Small and Disadvantaged Business (SDB) program that sets aside 3% of Department of Defence contacts for small businesses (Walsack, 2021). Second, through the 8(a) program, the federal administration awarded 23 % of its prime contracts to small businesses (Walsack, 2021). Third, is the Women-Owned Small Business program where a 5% goal is set aside for women who own small businesses (Walsack, 2021). Then there is the Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Program that targets servicemen and women who have been disabled as a result of their service to the state. Lastly, the government established the Historically Underutilized Business Zone (HUBZone) that targets areas where the level of unemployment is quite high. Aerospace Drones can benefit mainly from the 8(a) program through which the company can secure contracts from the Department of Homeland Security since a goal of 23% has been apportioned for such small businesses. The company can also benefit from the Research Program run by the Small Business Administration (SBA) to help it develop a product that is very competitive in the market. Today, the function of procurement within an organization has come to be central to the success of the company. Farrington and Lysons (2016) state that the management of procurement functions within a company requires people who are highly skilled and can negotiate good deals for the company. Moreover, the company should be able to meet the expected customers’ demands. For Aerospace Drones to effectively interact with the government, it will need a competent procurement team. The team should be led by a procurement manager. His main duty will be to develop procurement strategies for the company and ma
The Bermuda triangle is a place found in the Western region of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is also known as the Devil’s triangle (Winer 54). In this place, it is believed that a great number of surface vessels mysteriously disappeared. The disappearance of the vessels following the mysterious circumstances has popularly been said to be the doing of extraterrestrial beings. However, the belief in the occurrence of the paranormal incidents has been discredited by present-day critiques that see the creation of the incidence as the work of some late authors. Documented evidence further illustrates that the incidents were embellished or exaggeratively reported by the authors of the time (Berg 24). Many who discredit this embellished work state that the occurrences at the Bermuda triangle are an occurrence that is in every way similar to those that occur in any other areas of the oceans in the world. The triangle, as it is, occupies the Straits of Florida, the Bahamas, the whole area of the Caribbean island and the Atlantic east of the Azores. In most authored pieces, the triangle is familiarly indicated to point some place on the Atlantic coast of Miami. Apart from Miami, the triangle also covers San Juan, Puerto, and Rico plus the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda. Most accidents have been reported to commonly occur along the southern boundary that borders the Bahamas and the Strait of Florida. The Bermuda Triangle is one of the most frequently traveled shipping zones in the whole world. Many vessels pass through this area daily. The destinations of these vessels include America, Caribbean Island, and Europe. Various pleasure crafts move back and forth within the Bermuda region, and cruise ships make several voyages across it. This region is one of the most heavily crossed regions by transport vessels. Even private aircraft cross over the region frequently as they are headed for various regions of the world. One research Librarian by the name Larry Kusche, who hails from the Arizona State University and is also the author of the book Bermuda Triangle Mystery Solved, reported that majority of the authors (including Gaddis and the other subsequent ones) gave very dubious and unsupported details about the events that occurred in the initial incident (Quasar 75). The statements given by these authors contradict what the eyewitnesses said about the incident. There were also major inconsistencies from what authors like Berlitz accounted and what the real eyewitnesses and the participants in the unfortunate incident reported. Larry affirms that very vital information about the real occurrences was never reported. One such event is the disappearance of one Dutchman by the name Donald Crowhurst. Berlitz had presented the event as a mystery of the Bermuda triangle. This information is contradictory to what was later revealed through evidence. Another similar and fake ta
Description I am a 25 years old female originating from China. I was born in China and migrated to the United States about 13 years ago in pursuit of a respectable social living. I possess a good physique with 5’4″ height and 115 lbs weight. I can claim to be attractive in the eyes of most of the people looking at me. I also possess a good health with no known medical history either with me or within my family. My IQ level is above average and is considered an intelligent girl. I am an extrovert by nature and move friendly with most of the people in my social surroundings. I lead a happy life respecting others’ feelings and privacy. Though I am emotional at times, I do follow a reasoning process about the social structures, social status of people around me, and the impact of culture on one’s life to shape up the individuals’ personalities. I am familiar with playing piano since I had the opportunity to pursue this hobby when I was a seven year old child. I continued to play piano for 10 years; but had to sacrifice the pleasure of this hobby in pursuit of more essentials of social life. My strengths are that I am a strong-willed person with focused attention on completing the task on the hand without getting distracted by anything else while at work. I found my indecisive nature as the most important weakness within me. I am also susceptible to external distractions while not at work. I have rather a disturbed adolescence period, with the divorce of my biological parents when I was fourteen years old. Though both the father and mother remarried, their divorce has left a scar in my life which often makes me think about the peculiarity of the social structure, single parent families, social status of divorced people, the feelings and reactions of the children of the divorced parents and a lot of other conflicting thoughts about the society in general. Due to my nature, I have established a close-knit social circle with friends from different racial and ethnic backgrounds like Asians, Americans, and Europeans whose company makes me forget the past and live the present moments. The stay for a year in a boarding school in China before I moved to United States had given me a lot of insight into cultural and cultural relativism. Analysis I always have a feeling that substantively a sociological analysis would be able to give a fundamental insight into nature of social reality. A deeper examination of the problems of the individuals in the society – may be the problems relating to equality or inequality, harmony or conflict, acceptance or rejection – normally provides a sociological knowledge which implies the understanding of the realities in existence in the form of “experience”. The divorce of my parents gave me a life time experience and when I share this experience with any stranger, my experience would provide him/her the oppor