ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Taking the course I increased my awareness of the main geographical problems and concepts. Reaching the learning goals broadened my outlook, it was an important contribution to my competence. Regarding the learning goals for this course, I learned the basic concepts of geography and received the skills of working with its main visual tools. These first steps provided the necessary theoretical basis for further discussion of the geographical issues. My daily observation of weather obtained a scientific character, at the moment I realize the link between weather and climate as the main element of physical geography. I learned the main elements of the biosphere and its place in the earth system. I learned to establish the cause-and-effect relations between the changes in different layers of the biosphere. Discussing the urban and economic geography and political territories as the main elements of human geography helped me to realize the place of geographical knowledge in the system of sciences. Regarding my personal goals for this course, it should be admitted that it opened new sources of knowledge for me and the new data for analysis. After taking the course, I can receive much more useful information by watching the news block on TV. I understood that geographical position is like destiny for the country. Discussing the events in a country, it is impossible to disregard its natural resources, climate, and the countries on which it borders. It was important to realize the influence and causes of global pollution to become an ecologically conscious citizen. The course encouraged me the further analysis of geographical data, as even the everyday routine provides plenty of information for analysis. At the end of this course, I realize the importance of geographical knowledge in the general competence of every educated person. The links of geography with the other sciences are so strong that it is difficult to separate them from them. From one side, the overall comprehension of such geographical elements as culture, population, and political territories is impossible without knowledge in the spheres of the related sciences. On the other hand, knowledge of geographical concepts and skills of working with its main visual tools are necessary for conducting researches in other subjects. Knowledge of geography is important for people of all professions, but in certain cases, it is of crucial importance for becoming a good specialist. The course helps to systematize the knowledge and form the skills of working with the main visual tools, but, in my opinion, more emphasis should be put on the practical side of the assignments. It would be interesting to analyze the information received from the news block on TV. The students could be given the assignment to find the news concerning the geographical concepts in the local n
Introduction Getting an issue into an agenda is one of the essential steps in policy development to address certain perceived social problems. This implies that, unless an issue appears on an agenda, addressing it in a policy becomes a nightmare. Scholars have researched extensively to determine the processes of getting issues into an agenda, issues that make an agenda, and when such issues deserve to form part of an agenda. Despite the fact that, numerous conditions impair people’s abilities to contextualize issues relating to justice and fairness, evidently, not every condition is a problem requiring government interventions through policies. From this perspective, the paper aims at shedding light on how and when social conditions become social problems and tactics that are utilizable in an attempt to place a problem on an agenda. The paper also seeks to unveil whether there are some issues more likely to get on the agenda than others, and sum up by examining models of power that explain the process of agenda setting conclusively. How and when social conditions become social problems Concepts of social problems imply that, some set of events, conditions, or even groups of people give rise to situations that are troublesome and hence alteration or reorientation of such conditions is necessary. Numerous studies claim that various social movements have the capacity to introduce new issues into the sphere of public agendas successfully (DiNitto Para 1). A myriad of conditions exists in societies that threaten their well-being and hence requires solutions. However, not all social conditions, even if they threaten the existence of the society qualify as social problems. Social problems scholars, agrees on some fundamental objective realities within the society which while a condition complies with them, it qualifies as a social problem. For an objective reality to amount to a social problem, it needs to incite a public outcry. This means that people within the society needs to engage in the discussions of the problem proactively. More precisely, this means that the public pays more attention to the social condition in question. Secondly, the conditions need to establish a conspicuous gap between social reality and perceived social ideals. Therefore, the condition should enormously oppose the values embraced by the wider society (Bachrach and Baratz “Two Faces of Power” 951). Additionally, Birkland informs that, the condition that is likely to amount to a social problem requires involvement of the larger proportion of people in its definition (98). This implies that, incase a minute segment of the total population is interested in a given condition, the condition fails to qu
Introduction This new millennium led to the rise of two significant events which are of very major importance to African integration these events are the coming up of the African Union and the formulation of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development which was to be used as the guide to the development of Africa. In recent years in Africa, there has been increased alertness of the essence of the integration of the regional economic integration and cooperation. The Africa member countries have predicted that globalization can lead to greater socio-economic prosperity. Through the New Partnership for Africa’s Development and the African Union studies and economical potentiality surveys, it has been realized that Africa requires to maximize the utility of its own resources in order to achieve sustainable development and economic goals which are both short and long term (Felisia, 1995). Economic Integration of Africa over the next ten years The realization of effective development in Africa seems to be a very hard issue to tackle and the vast diversity of economic plans and priorities should be driven by the principle of sustainable development. It has been an agreement in the meeting being attended by eminent African leaders that there should be integrated economic globalization of Africa in order for Africa to pick itself from the dust. The African Union and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development have realized that there is an urgent need to prioritize economic plans in the order of their urgency, potentiality, and capability of implementation. Hence there is a prior need of every African state to develop state self-reliance which should be integrated with the vision and plan for African development in a sustainable way (Duncan, 1992). According to Africa’s 10 years grand plans the integration of sustainable development strategies, maximum utilization of Africa’s human resources, the sustainable utility of Africa’s merger resources, fighting the major killer diseases which increase mobility & mortality like HIV/AIDS, improving food security through appropriate technologies and practices, adequate use of cheap fuel with high
Introduction There are various kinds of businesses around the world. There is the manufacturing business or the buying and selling type of businesses. One could also make money, not by producing or selling a product but by providing a particular type of service. The transport business allows for the movement of goods and people. And it can be argued that in this particular type of business, there is none more glamorous than the airline industry. This is probably the reason why it is a highly competitive industry and it is very hard to make money through buying planes, maintaining them and then transporting passengers from location to the next. One business strategy that allows a company to survive is through airline mergers. In the case of BMI and Lufthansa airlines, the German firm wanted to acquire the British owned BMI. It was a logical thing to do for both companies but the “put option” exercised by a majority owner of BMI almost derailed the acquisition and it went as far as going to the court of law to resolve their problems. The following is an in-depth analysis of what transpired and how Lufthansa and BMI were able to get what they both wanted out of the deal. This is an interesting case study because an airline merger and acquisition does not guarantee success. This is true in any type of industry but according to experts there is a reason why it would be doubly hard to make an airline merger work. First of all how can two companies merged when both had been developed using different sets of corporate values and strategies? There is a difference in corporate culture for both companies. There are also two different systems of accomplishing a particular task. How can two become one? In one example – the merger of PSA and USAir – the employees of PSA believed that they have a better airline (Kaplan, 2000). This also means that employees of the acquired company must relearn or undergo training to learn a new mode of doing things (Kaplan, 2000). This can be the cause of a rough start and can be the cause of a small rift that will prove to be difficult to deal with at the end. Aside from the corporate leadership point view there is also the problem of profitability. A group of researchers, who followed airline mergers, compiled their
Members of fraternities and sororities are considered to be the elite of the US college system. These communities are hard to get into and have an extensive list of notable ex-members. A long selection process in fraternities is followed by hazing, which involves wild activities, heavy drinking, and dangerous trials. Osterndorf states, “at least one student has died as a result of hazing every year since 1970” (par. 10). Other concerns about fraternities and sororities include racism, binge drinking, and sexism. Class inequality is also a persistent issue, even though such student organizations are supposed to be welcoming and promote a family-like environment. The difference between the intended purpose and the actual influence of sororities and fraternities has raised many concerns among the general public. Nowadays, sororities and fraternities pose a substantial risk to entire college communities; they promote unhealthy and even dangerous behavior, and the only option to subvert the negative effects is to ban these organizations. There are significant dangers and examples of harmful behavior in most Greek college organizations. For example, Frost argues, “members not only drink in higher quantities, but they also do so much more frequently, thereby ‘setting a norm
The question of what people should do to gain happiness in life has been prevalent in literature since time immemorial. The novel Cannery Row by John Steinbeck takes a look at the lives of ordinary people in a small community of people. As the scene is set in the 1920s during the Great Depression, it is evident that the population of the Row is mostly poor. Therefore, it may be quite difficult for them to achieve happiness due to constant struggles. However, each character manages to obtain satisfaction from what little they have. Everyone on Cannery Row is friendly and likes the main character Doc because he always tries to help everyone. For this reason, Mac and his friends decided to thank him by throwing a party. Even though they fail the first time, they succeed at the second attempt. Nevertheless, it is not just a humorous story; in actuality, the author explores a variety of themes in this novel, such as the topics of community, ambition, and truth. All these different topics are heavily integrated into the narration and have a significant impact on the characters’ happiness. First of all, it is important to examine why the community life is vital in Cannery Row. From the surface, it would not seem like a lovely place. The author himself states that this neighborhood is full of “whores, pimps, gamblers, and sons of b****es” (Steinbeck, p. 1). However, all these people have the same hardships that are connected with the absence of money. Moreover, in order to make the lives of each other more comfortable, they work together as in the system despite their differences in races and gender. Several researchers agree with this statement by saying that “the group builds a community; its members do not isolate themselves in the midst of their social status as outsiders” (Conkling, p. 70). Instead, they, as individuals, all contribute to building a small society where everyone can be at least satisfied with their life. The most prime example of this is Doc, who is trying to help others by sharing his knowledge that he got from education. The author states that he was sympathetic to everyone, from children to prostitutes. That is why every person in the community who knew him was indebted to him. The feeling of obligation is also apparent in almost every character of this novel. After all, Mack decided to do something nice to him out in return for all the good deed
Altered documents: introduction Documentation is one of the factors, which indirectly contributes towards production of quality products. For an organization to manufacture quality products, precise and lucid documentation must be adhered to in the areas of manufacturing, procedure & quality system elements as well as in specification and testing. Violations or failures however occur in documentation processes, thus leading to production of products of poor quality. Following such considerations and the importance of understanding the role played by manufacture of quality products within pharmaceutical/ medical industries, an inspection was carried out on the documentation issues for Cordis medical device manufacturing company. What follows below is thus a gap analysis report of the inspection results for the identified company’s documentation issues for the four quarters of the previous year, 2011; and which were categorized into three classes as missing information, open NPR’s and miscellaneous. Missing information During the previous year, 2011, a total of 1589, 1286, 932 and 358 missing information issues were reported for the four quarters of the year respectively. In other words, these quarterly figures represented 38.15%, 30.86%, 22.38% and 8.60% of the total 4165 annual figure, and having average quarterly reported issues of 1041. This vividly depicts that there is a wide range on the number of issues reported quarterly, whereby the highest number of issues is reported during the first quarter, while the least figure is obtained at last quarter of the year. The annual figure of 4165 of missing information issues were as contribution from area of identification, investigations and disposition matters. The difference observed in this may be contributed perhaps by several factors including personal ones like education and experience, work environment (volumes of work) among others. Miscellaneous For the Miscellaneous cases, it was found that there were 7, 4, 10 and 5 reported issues for the four quarters of year in ascending order. With the sum of 26 issues in this category, 18 of these were reported as overwrites while the rest of the remaining issues were either cross-outs or not assigned matters of NPR’s. Generally, it appears that the resulting differences of each of the individual reported overwrite case for the various quarters are not quite significant. However, violations of overwrite type were at the peak during the third quarter, but minimally experienced problem between the months comprising the second quarter of the year. This is indication on review and audits records such as production batch records and procedures of processes may be affected variably during certain time of the year Open NPRs Focusing on the issue of open NPR’s, quarterly deficiencies were reported as 19, 47, 105 and 177. The open NPR’s problem figures increase from the first quarter to the last one, hence giving an increasing track and trend of the problem. Impac
Background Information The success of every business organization depends on various issues such as management, leadership, decision-making, and responsibilities of different shareholders. The proposed idea is to have a partnership business. The main objective of the business will be to provide consulting services to different clients and companies. The partnership business should also be ready to provide quality services to every client. The proposed partnership will bring together three former schoolmates. However, it will be appropriate for the three individuals to consider specific issues before forming the partnership. This approach will be critical towards ensuring that the company emerges successful and profitable (Gage 63). Several agreements should be considered before forming the partnership business. Company Description and Viability The proposed company will be providing consulting services to different clients. Such services will target companies in variouss industries thus making it easier for them to realize their potentials. The company will be able to address the needs of many clients and promote their businesses. However, the biggest issue to consider is whether the idea to form the company is feasible. It is notable that things are no longer promising at Engulf and Devour. That being the case, a new opportunity can be attractive and profitable for the three partners (Sutton and Geddes 47). The nature of the business will ensure the company provides quality consulting services to every client. The first contract is profitable because the partners will get $ 75,000 every month. The client will also cater for various expenses incurred by the members. That being the case, the idea is plausible and can eventually make the partnership business successful. The situation indicates that Engulf and Devour is no longer profitable. This fact explains why there is need to look for a new opportunity. The decision to form a partnership is agreeable and can result in greater profits. A proper managerial strategy will also be needed at the company. However, it will be appropriate to consider a number of elements before entering into this partnership (Clifford and Warner 21). This is the case because various problems might arise and eventually make the partnership unprofitable. Such issues can also destroy the company. Specific Issues to Consider Partnership Agreements A partnership agreement is “one of the vital tools used to protect businesspeople and their companies” (Eisner and Cohen 29). Several elements should be “included in the partnership agreement” (Eisner and Cohen 29). The agreement should also be signed by every business partner. To begin wit
Companies should enjoy a legal right to hire replacement workers during strikes due to several reasons. First, the employers need to ensure the survival of their companies during strikes and this can only be achieved by hiring temporary replacements. The hiring of temporary replacements as opposed to permanent replacements may help to lessen some of the risks associated with hiring striker replacements such as costly legal suits and an increase in violent acts. Second, employers should be allowed to hire replacement workers not only to maintain the balance of relative bargaining power between the companies and the labor unions but also to reduce labor costs. It has been argued that passing legislation that seeks to ban the hiring of replacement workers during strikes would significantly shift the balance of relative bargaining power to labor unions at the expense of the employing entities (Holley, Jennings, & Walters, 2012). Allowing companies to hire replacement workers during strikes would also ensure that workers go on strike for justifiable reasons as they have full knowledge that they can be legally replaced during a strike. Employers have used the tool of threatening to hire replacement workers to bring the striking workers to the negotiating table (Holley et al., 2012). However, although employers should be allowed to hire replacement workers, the process should only include the hiring of temporary workers to avoid suits of breach of contract when the permanent strikers are reinstated after a settlement is reached or upon making an unconditional request for reinstatement to the employer. It may also be difficult to replace a large number of striking employees quickly, hence the need to hire temporary replacement workers as negotiations proceed with the respective unions representing the permanent employees. Union’s Duty and Impacts Labor unions the world over are mainly charged with the responsibility of providing a fair representation to unionized workers, particularly in terms of bargaining for their interests in labor relations (Pohley & Luchak, 2014). The implications of providing a fair representation are many and varied for employers, with available literature demonstrating that most employers view the union movement as a destabilizing force in their quest to reduce labor costs and enhance worker productivity (Godard & Frege, 2013). The two-year Crystal Sugar strike serves as an example of how the employer refused to meet the demands of workers due to feelings that the Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers, and Grain Millers (BCTGM) union was unfairly increasing labor costs and constricting employee productivity (Elk, 2013). Other employers have viewed unions in a positive light, arguing that their representation duty has had a positive impact on employee turnover and satisfaction while simplifying collective bargaining agreements. The duty