ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Describe some of the ways ethnicity has been managed in the US especially as it relates to African Americans Discrimination based on race has been a common social vice in the United States for centuries. However, the Supreme Court has been in the battlefront in the fight against the vice through issuing verdicts in favor of the minority groups. The majority of the influential judgments delivered by the Supreme Court revolve around the education sector. Initially, racial segregation in the education sector was evident with the best-equipped schools reserved for the whites. The schools for minority groups were understaffed, and they lacked essential learning equipment. In some cases, the segregation was deemed legal due to the existence of certain legislations that supported the practice. Following the various cases instituted by the blacks in the fight against such discrimination, the Supreme Court managed to deliver verdicts that favored equality in the education sector. In addition to the Supreme Court’s decisions that have fostered equality in the education sector, the US government has made steps towards achieving equality. This goal has been accomplished through the enactment of laws abolishing discrimination based on race, gender, or religion. One of the most influential policies that aimed at tackling the issue of racism is the affirmative action policy that seeks to promote the interests of the minority groups. The ultimate goal of this policy is to remedy past discriminations that were directed to the minority groups. The policy involves giving priority to minority groups. It involves granting waivers to minority groups on recruitment and job promotion requirements. However, the policy has faced opposition from the white counterparts who continually institute legal suits against institutions granting such waivers on grounds of discrimination based on their vast numbers. The government has also enacted laws requiring diversity in the workplace. Besides, it has encouraged firms to train their workforce on the importance of embracing diversity. What does Esman, the author of The Introduction to Ethnic Conflicts think is the future of ethnic relations in the globalized world? Boundaries maintained According to Esman, ethnic boundaries and marginalities define the future of the global ethnic relations (67). Ethnic boundaries refer to the mental borders created in the minds of people from different cultural backgrounds. These boundaries form the basis for racial discrimination. Ethnic boundaries draw a thick line between the insiders and outsiders and it is the force behind the compounding ethnic discrimination problem. The boundaries are due to cultural differences among different ethnical groups, and they greatly depend on individual perceptions. The boundaries are acquired, but they are transferable from one generation to another through social interactions between parents and their children. The fact that the bound
Introduction Current educational boards are abolishing music courses from curriculums nationwide to focus more importance on areas such as state and national testing standards. Music has become ignored and disregarded to make time for a new, allegedly better, standard. Ironically music is part of the foundation upon which these standards are based upon. The importance of music education and attributes that students attain from classes complete the learning package. Education does present constant change likewise our world is also constantly changing. The decline of music education is not a positive one. The extinction of music in favor of subjects more focused on national ranking tests will do more harm than good. Time management, meditation, artistic balance and many other useful tools in life can be obtained through musical learning. For example, Native American Indians learned how to do spirit quests by meditating to the beat of a drum. A world with no music is unimaginable. It is as undesirable as a nation with no football programs. Yet musical education is being persecuted in the public education system. The valuable and important knowledge that music can impart to us is slowly being whittled away in favor of a society that focuses on standardized national achievement tests whose ability to measure a student’s true academic achievement is questionable at best. Music is one of many passions I was blessed w
Neoliberalist perspectives on the economy tend to lean towards as little government involvement in the economy as possible. This approach is aimed at transferring the economic control from the government to private companies and creation of free markets. Australia since the 1980s has undergone a restructuring process characterized by the privatization of major areas in public service. These developments have been a sort of microeconomic reform whose aim was to make Australia’s economy more competitive at an international level (Gramberg and Bassett, 2005). It has been argued that most economists do not pay much attention to geography. Sachs et al (2001) argue that if the economists would pay more attention to the geography they would learn that regions in coastal areas and those near great rivers have more wealth than those countries in the interior. Further, they would also learn that most developed countries are those in the temperate zone. Proponents of the connection between wealth and geography often make a connection between various variables. These are the absence of deserts, being close to a river or sea, the temperate zone, and socio-economic development (Camacho. 2002). This may not be true since most developed countries do not share traits. For Australia, some of these facts apply especially being a coastal region. The economic rationalist approach certainly does not consider geography in its efforts of explaining economic development. The definition of development by Amartya Sen as a process whereby human choices and decisions are enlarged places little importance on the role of geography (UNDP, 1990). The approach favors an individualistic focus on the market with the objective of increasing competition so that there can be better prices and more productivity. This makes the economic rationalist perspective to be one that sees demography as the greater issue. In a population where the majority of the people are elderly, the projections for the economy using the neo-liberalist approach would be poor because it means that these are a group of people who are mainly dependent and cannot be relied upon to compete in the free market. The neo-liberalist approach supports the idea that all social welfare should be done away with. The link between geography and economic activity is certainly present with evidence of such things as many people being found on coasts and very few people on ice sheets. This makes Australia a country likely to increase in wealth in the future due to its geographical position and the fact that its climate allows for the practice of agriculture. Most macroeconomics, state-interventionist economics included focus more on factors like policies like the formation of capital, technology, and education to make economic projections, thus leaving out the role of geography. State interventionist economics favors the involvement of government in the delivery of public services and the maintenance of the welfare st
Cognitive Behavior Therapy This is a scientific therapy type that follows scientific views in order to handle the behavior of humans. It holds the behavioral patterns predictability by the use of reinforcements. It is found applicable in many fields like education where it handles unacceptable behavior. For instance, take a look at a child attending a local school, the schooling can greatly be associated with behavioral patterns. The teacher is viewed as an independent figure who imparts knowledge to the pupils. The pupils are like void bodies waiting to be in receipt of what the teacher provides (J.B.Mill, 1972). At times the pupils get punished for attaining poor grades hence getting humiliated by those pupils who perform well (Bair, 1993). The students are also given credit when they show signs of starling performance. A pupil who grows up in this kind of environment may end up questioning the criteria they used in learning and tries to acquire knowledge from a completely different method apart from limitation to classwork and even lectures. These really present a behavioral type of education. The pupil can then apply the same method to analyze common aspects such as drug use, smoking, and even playing. This method now becomes appropriate for the handling of the different psychological problems. What Cognitive Behavior Therapy involves Applied in the field of counseling where therapists or behaviorists assist their clients in taking particular steps to change their lives and not to just mention the problems they undergo during the therapy processes. The therapists are involved in the study of how a client’s stimuli are initiated by the cognitive process and also emphasize the accountability of the client following his behavior. Also, the therapist is not involved in dictating the goals of the therapy but the client, so the client is required to give full cooperation to the therapist. It does not focus on the clients’ past experiences but emphasizes the current problem under therapy (J.B.Mill 1972). An attitude of progress is instilled in the client by the therapist to give him the skills of self-management. A client is given a chance after the therapy to go and reflect on his actions in what can be termed as homework and a report to the therapist is expected. Applications of this theory in real-life counseling It is commonly applicable in Relaxation Training and Systematic Desensitization. This is mainly done for stress management. As observed there are so many situations causing anxieties in the clients. The theory is mainly concerned with the behavior change and not the feelings undergone by the client and this presents the fact that the therapy technique stems from psychology experimentally (J.B.Mill, 1972). It has a limitation in tha
Service Quality As seen in the case of RUH, some health service providers need improvements when it comes to their operational processes. While the provisioning of health services is often limited by factors such as budget restraints and staff limitations, there are other factors at work that influence the quality of service provided by hospitals. One way in which service quality can be evaluated is by involving the users of these services through aspects of evaluation that entail an examination of their opinion on the level of patient care provided, the perspective of the patient’s regarding the type of service they utilized as well as how patients generally feel regarding the hospitals. By evaluating the experiences of users regarding the service quality they encountered, healthcare facilities are better able to determine where they are lacking and what aspects need improvement (Papageorgiou, Janmohamed, King, Davidson and Dawson 2004). This is all based on the fact that hospitals are, at the end of the day, service providers and, as such, it is important to listen to the feedback provided by their “customers” to provide services in the way that ensures that these “consumers” have a great experience. Internal When it comes to the impact of users on service quality, it is important to note that health service organizations such as the RUH do have aspects related to continuous improvement when it comes to their operational procedures. As such, feedback from users is essential for the hospital staff to determine where they need to improve and how they need to do so to become better health service practitioners (Rise, Eriksen Grimstad and Steinsbekk 2012). User feedback, in essence, acts as the measure by which hospital workers can determine whether they are in line with aspects related to proper care and handling, respect for the patient as well as whether or not they have acted in a sufficiently professional manner that it is reflected in the quality of service that the patients perceive (Narayanan, Greco, Powell and Bealing 2011). External Aside from aspects related to continuous improvement, user feedback also helps health service providers determine whether they are in line with the requirements of inspection agencies. This can often entail whether the rooms are clean, the services provided by nurses are done respectfully and properly as well as acts as a sufficient overview regarding the level of professionalism that is being utilized within the hospital (Snow and Kendall-Raynor 2008). Health service providers such as the RUH need to ensure that they comply with at least the minimum standards of inspection agencies and, as such, external opinions via users help the hospital determine whether they are failing in one aspect of thei
Introduction In some villages located far from big cities, there are severe problems with Internet access. The lack of a high-quality Internet connection interferes with work, communication, and entertainment. The purpose of this paper is to propose three potential solutions to this problem and assess their quality and the feasibility of their application. Solution Number One Wired connection – optical fiber. This type of connection is possible if the local provider has the technical capabilities to bring the network into the house. It requires an already laid fiber-optic network, which is very rare in remote settlements since it is unprofitable for communication service providers from a financial position. Solution Number Two Satellite Internet. A practical option that allows connecting regardless of the distance from the base station. If a user wants to organize Internet in the village via satellite communication, they need to be prepared for the purchase of an antenna, modem, signal translator and special mounting equipment. Solution Number Three Internet via 3G/4G modem. To connect the Internet in this way, only a SIM card is needed if a user plans to access the network only from a mobile device. It should be noted that a router is additionally required to organize a wireless connection. It is the easiest way to connect the Internet in the village and the country, but it can malfunction. Evaluation Criteria The criteria for evaluating the proposed solutions will be the quality of the connection, the price of equipment, and a variety of tariffs. Connection via optical fiber and satellite Internet ensures high connection stability, while mobile 3G/4G Internet gives a weak signal at long distances from the station. When using a fiber-optic connection, it is necessary to conclude a new contract every year since providers do not allow pausing tariffs and require a fee every month, regardless of the use of the network. Satellite Internet also has a high cost, and mobile Internet is financially affordable. Finally, fiber-optic communication satellite Internet does not have a wide variety of tariffs, unlike mobile Internet. Conclusion This memo offered several potential solutions to the problem of low internet connection in remote villages. Thank you for taking the time to read it. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the instructor at
The King of masks was released as the twentieth century came to an end. The twentieth century was a period marked by civilization and independence of people, attributed to the theory of rights. As a result, individuals were freed from the shackles of oppression, which were prevalent in historic times. The film’s scenes are a reflection of what happened in the 1930s, far from the contemporary world [1] . The film is a typical representation of what was going on in China with regard to gender inequality. Gender inequality was engraved in the culture of ancient people and that is why Wang (played by Zhu Xu) failed to teach Doggie (Zhou Ren-ying), the presumed boy, the art of bian lian when he finally got to learn about the gender of this adopted child. During the time when the film was being produced, China was the epitome of historic cultural values and norms. Cultural values and norms were very eminent in the lives of people in ancient times but, China was still clinging on to these domains up to the twentieth century. Male children were highly regarded as compared to the female children. Inheritance could only be passed on to the male child, leaving out the girl child. This film was used to show how society was prejudiced in relation to gender. The film was used at that particular time to show that China needed to let go of socio-sexual inequality and embrace equality indicated as the film comes to an ending [2] . The film shows that social inequality with regard to gender is not associated with any benefits but the converse is the case. Doggie proves that a girl is of equal importance as a boy through her courageous acts. This film shows a great deal of historic accuracy in the way the events have been used to reflect the history of the whole world at large and that of China at that particular moment. Historic accuracy prevails from the fact that the film has shown actual events that used to take place in ancient times. The time and place, which have been used to show these events, enhance the accuracy involved. This history is distorted in the long run and slants towards social equality when Wang agrees to teach the secrets of bian lian art to Doggie. The events in the film reveal courage, confidence and sheer determination in Doggie, which could not have been manifested in a more rigorous manner had she been a boy. All along, Doggie shows off her vitality and proves to Wang that she can be of equal importance the same way a b
Introduction This paper will discuss the online performance of Amadeus , the play written by Peter Shaffer. This work focuses on the relations between two famous composers, Antonio Salieri and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In particular, it shows how Salieri becomes overwhelmed with envy for Mozart’s prodigious talent. His actions are driven by the desire to destroy the life of this young musician. Salieri eventually succeeds in achieving this goal; however, this result does not bring him happiness. Much attention should also be paid to Constanze, Mozart’s wife; this woman endures intense emotional suffering knowing that the physical and emotional health of her husband is deteriorating. A Scene from Part One This performance includes various scenes that can draw viewers’ attention; one of them depicts the conversation during which Mozart discusses Salieri’s work and suggests ways for improving it. The action takes place in a sparsely furnished room in which there are only several props. In this case, one should speak about such objects as a piano, a carpet, and a chair with a high back. The foreground of the room is brightly lit while the background is very dark. At this point, there are no other characters apart from Mozart and Salieri. The actors are dressed after the fashion popular among European courtiers in the eighteenth century. Each of them wears a wig, a waistcoat, and breaches. Mozart has heard Salieri’s composition once; however, he can play it without notes. He immediately makes a comment suggesting that this composition can be improved. In particular, he says, “It doesn’t really work, that fourth, does it? Let’s try the third above…why don’t you try a variation?” (Shaffer, n. d. a). Salieri is utterly astonished by Mozart’s talent, but he only says that he is supposed to leave. Salieri understands that Mozart is a very gifted composer; however, this realization depresses him. A Scene from Part Two There is another scene that can throw light on the relations between the major characters. For example, one can consider the moment when Salieri comes to Mozart’s house and sees that his rival is already on the verge of dying. At this moment, there are only two characters in the room. The conversation takes place in a spacious room that has almost no furniture. Among the visible props, one can distinguish a carved wooden table, several chairs, and a piano. Only the foreground of the stage is lit, while the background remains in the dark. Salieri is dressed in a black overcoat and breaches; like in many other scenes, he wears a wig. In his turn, Mozart wears baggy trousers, a white undershirt, and a waistcoat; he has put on no wig. Salieri makes a statement that fully reflects the dangerous impacts of envy. He says, “In ten years of unrelenting spite, I had destroyed myself!” (Shaffer, n. d. b). In particular, Salieri implies that envy has ruined his life. Thus, Mozart’s miseries do not bring him any joy. In his turn, Mozart believes that Salieri is just drunk; it does not occur to him that his fellow composer could try to destroy his life and career. One should keep in mind that there is no hist
Almost all of us in the civilized world are experienced writers. All who have attended grade school have already written a sizeable number of compositions in their subject classes. There are certain things therefore that we may take for granted. We are thus not beginners and possess some good writing habits that we should retain. On the other hand, we also have some writing weaknesses to be overcome. The best solution will be to build up the strong points, get rid of the weaknesses, and add some techniques which will make the task of improving our writing skills easier. Whenever one writes a letter, a theme, or a book report, he is writing a “composition” – he is composing. A cardinal rule which is essential for all forms of composition is one must have a forceful beginning, an interesting and sensible body, and a logical conclusion. There is no need to be reminded that, especially in the business world, when you put yourself down on paper, you are exposing yourself to the scrutiny and judgment of the people around you in a more detailed manner than by your attire, your speech, or your over-all personality. Every inexperienced writer wants to know how to handle a topic, assigned or voluntary, and say something both appropriate and interesting about it. Well, here is a set of rules to be followed if you want to know how to make your introduction more interesting; how to improve the transition between paragraphs; how to avoid dullness and repetition; how to eliminate sentence structure and usage errors; and how to stay on the subject. First of all, knowing the “motive” is of prime importance. What really is the writer going to write about? Lu Chi has this to say (based on a translation by Sam Hamill): “Standing erect in the center of it all, the poet views the expanse of the whole universe, and in ancient masterpieces, his spirit rejoices and finds nurture. His lament for fleeting life is in observance of the four seasons as they pass, his regard for the myriad growing things inspires in him thoughts innumerable.” In this initial stage of the writing process, the writer selects what is to write about. Even in assigned writing, there is room for choice. As the message to an early learner goes – “The world is so full of a number of things, I am sure we should be as happy as kings!” Next comes meditation before writing. The classical advice runs thus: “In the beginning, all external vision and sound are suspended. Perpetual thought itself gropes in time and space; then, the spirit at full gallop reaches the eight limits of the cosmos, and the mind, self-buoyant, will ever soar to new insurmountable heights.” All other barriers to concentration must first be eliminated such as hushing the baby’s wailing or removing the roast from the oven (in the case of the housewife). Rules governing the working process are next online. “All objects visible under the sun or moon will the poet bring into the light, all that can give out a sound he will ring to test their resonance.” Such expressions that will not contribute to the clarity and fullness o