ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The formation of the European Union (EU) was done with absolutely positive intentions to all the countries encompassed by it. The organization was created with the sole intention of ensuring that its member counties had positive economic benefits from it. This was the case to a large extent even though other sectors of the countries’ economies suffer negative effects today. The advantages of the formation of the EU include the use of single currency in markets and the prevention of wars. It is important to note that the use of one currency in two different markets makes it possible for entrepreneurs to avoid the currency exchange rates that are most likely to favor others and undermine the economic prosperity of other businesspeople. In other terms, the use of a common currency in different markets levels the business platform for all. The EU is vital in preventing wars in the sense that it encourages its member countries to engage in active business. For this reason, the countries are less likely to go to war if they depend on one another businesswise (Halmers, Davies, and Giorgio, 157). The EU also plays an integral part in reducing the levels of inflation in its member countries. For instance, countries like France and Italy that had an alarming high rate of inflation in the early 80s were compelled by the EU to fix their exchange rates in order to regulate their rates of inflation. Despite the positive intentions of the EU, there are some negative impacts that came along with it. For instance, economists indicate that the trade benefits of the EU were overestimated to an extent of making its member countries overambitious. Another problem was particularly faced by Germany. As member countries struggled to equate their economies to Germany’s, Germany suffered a high inflations rate (Eeckhou, 293). The European Union is attributed to the loss of sovereignty of some member countries. Under normal circumstances, a government elected by the native people is supposed to work independently by formulating and implementing its own policies. However, EU member countries are forced into complying with foreign policies. For instance, their central banks are regulated by the EU in a bid to regulate the exchange rates. This is opposed to the sovereignty a country ought to enjoy. Additionally, the EU also regulates imports, exports and their rates of its member countries. It controls their taxation especially in the ports. This too should not be the case as far as sovereignty is concerned (Halmers, Davies, and Giorgio, 198). In my opinion, the disadvantage for the formation of the EU that is business oriented is the single market strategy. This is the strategy by the European Union where people and countries have the freedom of trading, making investments on their money and looking for employment without running into physical, technical or legal barriers. The strategy was formulated to come up with economies of scale and perhaps allow for the creation of a Europe-wide commerce with the aim of enabling faster economic growth in the region. To some extent, this strategy has bore fruits. However, critics say that the single market strategy
Buyer decision process of a typical Porsche buyer: analysis Typical buyers of Porsche are realized to have been influenced by identity that has been associated with the car model. This identity is first of all realized in the features that the car was given and that were realized to be outstanding. The uniqueness that was for instance realized with the adoption air cooled cylinders in the automobile models to an exclusive feeling on the vehicle owners. The identity concept is also realized with the relatively fewer number of users that the brand registered. While its outstanding feature of the incorporated cylinders attracted the owners who personalized the car model, the feature at the same time drove away people because it made vehicle hard to drive. Consequently, the brand remained with just few customers that were deeply rooted into the car model. The brand is at the same time associated with a financially successful class who associates with the model due to identity. Owners of the brand are also reported to be buying it because of the utility that they derive from driving the car model as opposed to other models. Consumer behavior with respect to the Porsche model is also realized on the ground that when the company infiltrated the model with a variety of other brands, it lost its customers until it resumed its limitation to the number of models being produced. Though the consumer behavior of the typical users of the Porsche model looked a bit odd with the factors that the use of the brand was characterized with some level of difficulties such as driving difficulty as well as costs, consideration of buyer behavior still illustrate consistency, to some level, in the choice that the individu
Shaping public opinion The public opinion about Exxon may be altered drastically by utilizing various types of communication processes and information content. A general audience may perceive the well-established oil company as one of the few companies that seek to find a new, more sustainable guideline for its functioning. Attention, visual perception, memory, and imaginative play are the major cognitive processes that should be targeted while creating the right vision. Therefore, bright information campaigns that enhance brand image are instrumental in achieving this goal. Crisis management communication Exxon Mobile should follow the steps of some of the leaders in renewable energy, which in many cases used concentrated fossil fuels several decades ago. Thus, the company should create special commercials that underline the environmental contribution that a company currently makes. Emphasizing a few grand flagship plants (or any other projects) is more beneficial in this case, as it is easy to fascinate a general audience with a single enormous project that looks great and boasts multiple innovations. Internal communication strategy Employee relations should be enhanced if the company’s management is desperate to create a new brand image. Employees should always be rewarded and promoted when performing great. Moreover, it should be emphasized in the advertisements meant to attract future employees. Promoting diversity relations is a crucial tool to appeal to the youth nowadays, especially due to the current demographic changes. Corporate communication strategy The corporate communication strategy that seeks to enhance the implementation of Exxon’s corporate social responsibility should center around the diversification of the communication channels and audiences. Nevertheless, a special committee should be created that will oversee all the changes that are a part of the significant transformation process and coordinate the efforts of various departments to alter the functioning and the perception of the entire enterprise. IMC strategy The integrated marketing communications strategy should include all the major components, such as social media promotions and public relations. The message that integrates various aspects of the strategy should put special emphasis on the tremendous success history of the oil and gas company. The main idea behind all the slogans, taglines, and campaigns should be focused on the expertise the company’s employees have. It will ensure its successful transition to sustainable activities that are associated with the 21 st century.
Introduction The India’s economic liberalization policies have created a competitive economic environment for growth and trade over the years. Basically, the India’s economic growth has been possible as a result of the expansionary policies geared towards sustainable trade in a friendly market. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the importance of international economics, the principle of comparative advantage, and modern trade theory from the article, “ India, known for outsourcing, expands in industry”. International economics, comparative advantage, and modern trade theory The article shows that a good economic policy model should have five key attributes to spur growth and attract economic boom. Same as the situation in India, it should have a good management system for its public and debts finances. The second aspect considers arrangements that ensure stability in monetary policies. Thirdly, a government has to create incentives that help in modeling domestic and international economic development goals. Fourthly, the economic system shouldensure that there is creation of an independent system of operation. This helps in setting and dealing with the economic policies that create desirable trade conditions in the economy. The last aspect under consideration is the development of a well established security market by the government to ensure sustainability of its economic development policies, targeting the global market (Giridharadas, 2006). The increase in demand from the domestic consumers as well as the international consumers may catalyze any growth in trade. International demand is stimulated by improved terms of trade between the home country and other countries. Moreover, a rise in factor productivity may ensure that the trade is sustainable, as is the case in India (Giridharadas, 2006).
Organizational culture is an important aspect of any company. It is a system which includes beliefs and values of those who work for that company, and it has a strong influence on the behaviors and attitudes of the organization’s personnel. This paper considers the importance of organizational culture for implementing change in an organization. Next, several examples of how an organizational culture is expressed in Saudi Arabian/GCC enterprises are provided. Finally, an example of change that could be implemented in a company is supplied, and the ways for introducing it are discussed. The Importance of Organizational Culture in Encouraging Change, and the Role of Top Management in Presenting Reasons for Change Organizational culture plays a crucial role in encouraging and leading change in a company. It reflects the way in which processes take place within an organization, and, to a considerable degree, defines the attitudes of workers to these processes (McCalman & Potter, 2015). Therefore, it is clear that in order to implement change in a business, it often may be needed to also change certain elements of the culture (McCalman & Potter, 2015); otherwise, the employees may not be able to develop a positive attitude towards the processes that were changed, which is likely to result in worker disengagement, dissatisfaction, and, consequently, lead to a drop in their performance and to lowered customer satisfaction, which is rather probable to cause a negative financial impact on the company. In addition, it should be stressed that an organizational culture which encourages positive attitudes towards change is possible (McCalman & Potter, 2015). However, such a culture is rather unlikely to emerge on its own; in order for it to develop, it is of great importance to purposefully direct it towards the desired goal. For instance, the given case study of Volvo IT provides an example of an organization in which a culture was successfully developed and later utilized so as to stimulate positive attitudes towards changes, even in situations when these changes were not beneficial for employees; e.g., when the company had to lay off approximately 2,000 out of 7,000 workers due to the economic crisis, the rates of employee satisfaction still remained very high (nearly 90%). There is little doubt that the attention which was devoted to the development of organizational culture in Volvo IT played a key role in maintaining the high rates of both employee and customer satisfaction. It is also noteworthy that the top managers of a company play a crucial role in presenting the reasons for organizational change (Barratt‐Pugh, Bahn, & Gakere, 2013). In most cases, it is the top managers who decide what kind of change is to take place in an organization; even if the initiative is not theirs, large-scale changes usually will not take place when the top managers do not agree to it. Therefore, it is the top managers who should persuade the employees that the changes are needed. This should be done by creating some rationale for change and distributing it from the top of the company to its bottom, possibly via the manage
A close examination of two separate films centered on problems in Northern Ireland, which are Patriot Games (1992) and The Boxer (1997) one is able to see the ways in which different filmmakers, making films for different audiences approach themes. This can be evidenced by the use of violence to achieve political ends, the splintering of terrorist or freedom fighter groups over time, as well as the desire for revenge as the impetus for a variety of human behaviors. In the same context, each film sacrifices–or adopts–elements that contribute to its overall impact on the audience. This is usually based on diversified factors such as budget, acting talent, the nationality of each film’s producers, broad ideological leanings, and, most importantly, the core cinematic experience that each set of filmmakers wants its audience to have. As a matter of fact any two films that deal with essentially the same political, religious or ethnic conflict could tread such different cinematic paths. To begin with is the film, Patriot Games directed by the Australian filmmaker Philip Noyce, a Hollywood “old hand” who has specialty in expensive and large-scale thrillers. It is by far from a small-scale human drama as it is deemed to be. This does not mean that it is a “worse” film than The Boxer nevertheless fundamentally different. Patriot Games’ source material is the novel of the same name by spy-thriller writer Tom Clancy. On the other hand, The Boxer , as Roger Ebert’s review is quick to note, is a small-scale drama, directed by the Irish man known as Jim Sheridan. The focus of this film is principally on the lives of two individuals caught up in tempestuous political events engulfing their community. Set in mid-1990s Belfast (which Ebert notes as “hungering for peace”). The Boxer revolves around the lives of Danny Flynn (Daniel Day-Lewis), an IRA member who was a successful boxer until he was sent to prison at the age eighteen because of terrorist affiliations. Maggie (Emily Watson) on the other hand is Danny’s former love. She is a woman who ended up marrying another IRA member after Danny was sentenced to serving a long prison term. As the film curtains are opened, Danny has been released. Having lost all the appetite for violence, he tries living a quiet life and eventually rekindles his relationship with Maggie. Both Danny and Maggie are tempting fate in this respect. The IRA has a firm policy forbidding extra-marital relationships with the partners of incarcerated IRA members. The pair, Ebert notes, is “star-crossed [but] not blind for they are too old and scarred to throw caution to the wind” (Ebert 2). By taking this track, The Boxer establishes itself firmly as a film about highly-vulnerable human beings. Such people are prey to forces largely beyond their control and whose basic decency, self-awareness, and desire to simply continue with life allows them to function in an environment dominated by politically and religiously maneuvered violence. This film is a classic story of
Clean Air The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 are believed to be essential towards addressing various issues such as pollution and acidic rains. These amendments have presented new gains such as reduction of toxic compounds in the natural environment. As well, acidic rains have been reduced significantly in the United States. Witten argues that the amendments have been appropriate towards improving visibility and quality of air (23). Consequently, this move has improved the living conditions of many people while at the same time minimizing the health challenges associated with pollution. That being the case, the current policies have been encouraging different stakeholders to focus on the best activities that can reduce air pollution. The quantity of “toxic air pollutants decreased by around 69 percent from 1970 to 2014” (Witten 48). Tobacco Free Air The health challenges associated with tobacco have forced many regions to promote various strategies that can deliver positive results. Secondhand tobacco smoke affects the health outcomes of many unsuspecting citizens. Some states in the United States such as California, Delaware, New Jersey, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Nebraska, Minnesota, Michigan, and Iowa have enacted a number of smoke-free legislations. These laws target public areas, bars, restaurants, workplaces, and institutions (Rojewski 2). As well, more nations have implemented similar laws in order to have tobacco free air. According to specialists, tobacco smoke contains over seven thousand chemicals including carcinogens (Scheffler et al. 3922). These chemical compounds are usually toxic and have the potential to cause numerous health conditions. Studies have showed conclusively that secondhand smoke can cause “cancer, cardiovascular disease, and ear infections” (Kalkhoran and Glantz 119). Medical practitioners have “indicated that there can never be a limit to safe exposure to secondhand smoke” (Scheffler et al. 3923). Many countries and communities have been focusing on new laws that can result in tobacco-smoke free air. Such laws have been focusing on different regions and public spaces in order to support the health needs of many citizens. E-Cigarettes and Secondhand Smoke The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has emerged as an innovative alternative to cigarettes (Hyland, Barnoya and Corral 156). These cigarettes have been observed to increase the level of smoking-cessation in both women and men. However, the issues of pollution and secondhand smoke have affected the acceptance of e-cigarettes. For instance, some states such as New York do not allow people to use e-cigarettes in areas and places where smoking is prohibited. Some of these places include beaches, bars, and offices. E-cigarettes “contain an e-fluid that is made up of different compounds such as nicotine, flavoring agents, glycerine, and propylene” (Hyland et al. 156). Many people argue that e-cigarettes do not
A graph Showing Price Determination by Market under Different Quantities As the government of Bolivia imposes the price floor on the sale of water, a number of issues will consequently emerge. Primarily, setting the price floor above equilibrium price means suppliers will no longer be supplying water at the equilibrium price but at the price set by the government. On the other hand, consumers will demand less water. This means there is a likelihood of having a surplus as this policy attracts more suppliers into the industry of water supply. Because water is, a basic commodity government will be forced to intervene in the industry by giving subsidies that end up meeting some costs supposed to be paid by consumers. The government of Bolivia was forced to privatize its water public system by the World Bank if they were to receive future financial packages (Schultz 1). This was mostly due to corruption that involved with the supply of water across society. The government thought of extending a contract to a Californian company known as Bechtel. Noticeably, the company supplied water at an extremely high price that forced Bolivians to protest severally over the price hiking. The Government attempted to use force but failed in the end and had to resolve by offering temporary rollback on the high water prices. Although this happened, the anti-privatization movement needed a permanent rollback and the cancellation of the Bechtel contract. This led to more protests and eventually the government had to declare a state of martial law in which media stations had closed down while protest leaders were arrested. It was at the height of this protest that Bechtel flew away as protesters demanded the control of the water supply to be handed over to the hands of the public(Schultz 2). The government should have thought of giving the contract to local companies and further impose a price ceiling. This would have protected consumers against overpricing of water. In addition, it would have insulated water against monopoly. Equally, it could have established a strong constitution that would shield the water supply in the country against corruption. This would have ensured the fair distribution of water and maintenance of affordable prices at the market ( Quah and Wilson 114). Factors that Contribute to Exchange in the Flats The study that was carried out on the social network build-up by relatives and close friends with an aim of suppo
Introduction “Art is a fruit that grows in man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its mother’s womb. -Jean Arp” (An Informative Website that Tells you everything about Fruits). As we all know, a major part of our everyday life is fruits. But have we dug deep enough to know them? To begin with, they vary from tropical fruits to accessory fruits and from exotic fruits to hybrid ones. Now let me take you on a journey to visit the exotic fruits. “These are those fruits, which are grown in a country to which they are foreign. In other words these are not native to the particular country” (An Informative Website that Tells you Everything about Fruits). If you go to another country, don’t just spend your time sightseeing. You should keep some time aside to taste some of the exotic fruits of that country. Exotic fruits also have many nutritional values to them like the native ones. Now let us resume the journey of visiting different kinds of exotic fruits. Allow me to show you some examples of exotic fruits. You must have heard about a fruit named durian. Though the fruit tastes simply delicious, it has a miasmic smell. But that does not hold it back from being ‘The King Of Fruits. “Durian is a native fruit to Malaysia and Indonesia but now it is being grown in Thailand, Southern Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka, etc.” (Durian Fruit Facts). That being said, it is necessary to discuss another fruit called pitaya Pitaya- dragon fruit There is another beautiful fruit called the pitaya (dragon fruit). There’s nothing to be afraid of it. It’s not called so because it’s poisonous or because it’ll burn your hand if you touch it. “The name dragon fruit suits it because it looks