ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Newman’s View on Fictional Characters Ira Newman provides interesting insights into the analysis of fictional characters, which has a significant value for analysis of people’s behavior in the real world. Newman first analyzes the way fictional characters should be seen. The author states that “each fictional character inhabits a fictional world of its own” and, hence, the character should be analyzed in terms of peculiarities of this world (Newman 73). The author focuses on Hamlet and his environment, and it is clear that the character can be understood through a deeper analysis of the fictional world he is placed in. The example of Hamlet has enabled the author to come to an interesting conclusion. It is stressed that critics still “do identify… the character by means of the specific events that occur to him” (Newman 75). Thus, the stories should be considered from a wider perspective, and events that remain beyond the story can and should also be analyzed or, at least, hypothesized and taken into account. The author’s major finding is the “feedback loop” that characterizes fictional worlds, and the critic stresses that real people’s behavior can be considered with the help of tools used for the analysis of fictional characters, as they are a certain kind of representations of the real world (Newman 80). In other words, fictional characters can be related to people living in the real world and vice versa. Fictional stories can help us understand the trends that have occurred in society. Silko’s World from Newman’s Lens Tayo’s World It is possible to find another illustration of the effectiveness of Newman’s approach. Hence, Silko’s novel Ceremony and its protagonist are best analyzed in terms of the world created by the author, and the story can be applied when considering a real-world setting. First, it is necessary to analyze the world created by Silko. Tayo lives in quite a complex environment as he is exposed to two cultures. More so, he has to endure the horrors of the World War II that change him dramatically and cause a lot of psychological pain as he has bad dreams hearing “suffocating damp voices that drifted out in the jungle steam” (Silko 5). He has to find himself in the new reality, in the post-war reality. He has a family that can support him, but he fails to find comfort among his close ones. Spirituality plays an important role in the story, and the protagonist finds his reconciliation with the environment through completing the ceremony he created. Importantly, Tayo learns that he, as well as his people, “must have power from everywhere,” and he can even get the power “from the whites” (Silko 139). The quest for this power is the major line in the story. Tayo successfully creates and completes his ceremony and becomes fully integrated into his new environment. Of course, Newman’s approach helps understand this as the critic can analyze major milestones of the protagonist’s life and m
NPV is the difference between the initial cash input to a project and expected cash inflows from the project. The sign of the value of the NPV is very significant. A positive value indicates that the project is viable where as a zero indicates that the input to the project and the returns are equal. A negative value indicates that investment is not worthy of the money that is about to invest in it as the returns will be less than the expenditure. NPV Formula Where; CF represents the amount K represents the rate. CFO represents the initial expenditure. From the equation, 12 % revenue. Note: all the values used are in millions of dollars. NPV= -150 NPV=-117.857 Extra 10% revenue.ie 22%. NPV= -150 NPV=-120.4918 10% lower revenue. NPV= -150 NPV=-114.7058 With a growth of 2%, Year 2 NPV= -150 NPV=-118.421. Year 3 NPV= -150 NPV=-118.9655. It is evident that the NPV becomes more negative with the increase in revenue. With a 5% growth in revenue, NPV= -150 NPV=-119.2307. NPV= -150 NPV=-120.4918 If the revenues grow by a rate of 5% every year the NPV becomes more negative hence investing in the project becomes more costly than when the revenue grows with a rate of2%yearly. Revenue  NPV(millions of dollars) 5%       -115.7143                10%      -117.2727                15%      -118.6956                20%      -120.0000                25%      -121.2000                30%      -122.3077                                                   From the graph, it is seen that the NPV does not become positive. This is a clear indication that the project is not viable as the returns are not worth that is the expenditure is more than the income from that project.
Description of the Pandemic The influenza virus erupted in 1918 before it grew to be a pandemic. The causative agent was the H1N1 virus that was linked to avian descent. In the US, influenza was first diagnosed by military personnel in 1918. About one-third of the world’s population was infected with H1N1, and the death toll was estimated at over 50 million (Dolan 2). Unfortunately, San Francisco Bay Area was the first place in the US to declare social distancing following the influenza virus. Such consideration promoted historical fact-finding on how maintaining social distance slowed the transmission of H1N1. Efforts were made towards flattening the disease infection curve, which was essential in controlling influenza (Reshi 214). The federal government should adopt similar approaches to manage similar cases in the future, like the present coronavirus. However, developing a guideline to stop the H1N1 virus from being transmitted was a challenge due to limited literature and novelty. The 1918 flu pandemic was distressing everyone with no defined path of treatment or prevention globally. It started as small outbreaks in San Francisco before spreading to other parts of California. The generally unfavorable conditions facilitated the shift from minor episodes of the virus to the epidemic. Similarly, San Francisco residents were warned of the rising influenza situation on the 10 th of October, 1918, but they placed little emphasis on the matter. Within a week, over 1600 more cases were reported, and more than 7000 at the end of the month (Dolan 4). The epidemic explosion along the Atlantic coast was expected because the conditions that facilitated its occurrence doubled. However, according to Dolan, the shift from a pandemic to an epidemic was unpredictable (8). Such anticipations explain the state-wide rise in cases of influenza. Interventions Implemented to Address the Pandemic The trend of influenza-related morbidity and mortality triggered fast-paced scientific research on the global public health issue. To mitigate the impact of the loss caused by influenza, the California health department set up various interventions to stop further transmission of the H1N1 virus within California, such as the use of face masks (Dolan 4). Such interventions included the rapid establishment of coordination to deliver operations, technical and strategic support to the partnerships, and channels that already existed. Most countries also scaled up their response operations and preparedness, for instance, boosting the preparedness for quick diagnosis and treatment, implementing awareness and health measures for travelers, and feasible infection control and prevention in hospitals (Dolan 6). Other interventions used were accelerating priority innovation and research towards t
Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Health and Disease Psychosocial factors directly influence physical health outcomes. Stressors repeatedly experienced over a long period, such as stressful working and living conditions, are linked with diabetes, high blood pressure, and ischemic heart disease (Marmot et al., 2018). The psychosocial pathways impact health behaviors like smoking, drinking, physical activity, and diet. Studies suggest that psychosocial pathways result in critical health inequalities. Ensuring that the psychosocial pathways get addressed as an action traversing the social determinants pathways is a key consideration (World Health Organization, 2011). There is a need for a long-term and preventive method to address broader social determinants of health. Standard of living Standard of living has indirect and direct effects on health. It is associated with material, psychosocial, biological, and behavioral pathways that link social conditions to health outcomes. Material deprivation leads to poor living levels that eventually directly influence physical health (Geddes et al., 2011). Cold living environments and houses increase the severity and frequency of asthmatic symptoms in children (Geddes et al., 2011). Additionally, cold housing increases the possible risks of multiple mental health complications in adolescents. Poverty Poverty contributes to health inequalities in the community. An increase in poverty levels is associated with stress and negative emotional states, which affects the mind. On the other hand, poverty eradication increases psychosocial wellness and reduces stress (Geddes et al., 2011). Currently, efforts being employed to address these factors revolve around health promotion and disease prevention efforts (Geddes et al., 2011). There are three main strategies used to address these factors they include addressing the broad determinants of health, addressing the effects of adverse factors, and promoting protective factors in the entire population. Widely Addressing Health Determinants The approach strategically targets the causal pathway involving work and living conditions experienced by the marginalized groups, thus helping to reduce stressors encountered by the population to improve health, prevent illnesses, and reduce health inequalities (Marmot et al., 2018). There are also health-in-all policies whereby the locals work with stakeholders to enable them to adopt psychosocial factors, determinants, and pathways to health and equity. Schools and locals can engage in programs and policies that address psychosocial pathways. Through these strategies, they can address bullying, isolation, and stress while promoting protective factors such as resilience, social networks, social skills, a sense of belonging, cohesion, and emotional wellbeing (Marmot et al., 2018). The workplace can be improved throug
Introduction Among the most important inputs of any firm is the human capital or labor force, who oversees the whole production process. Labor determines the productivity of a given firm and in some cases, the sales capacity where employees are involved in the marketing process. It is important therefore, to get the right choice of employees in the workforce of the firm and encourage them to perform to their best. During job recruiting exercises, it is important that every step is taken carefully to ensure objectivity high standards are applied. However, in many instances human resource managers make various mistakes which may lead to loss of a valuable employee or inclusion into the workforce of the company an employee who is more of a liability than an asset. These mistakes mostly occur during interview process and needs to be identified and addressed accordingly. Human Resource Department Any organization has the human resource department, which is involved with the hiring process and the welfare of the employees while they are working for the organization. It is upon the human resource manager to ensure that the employees that are included in the workforce of the organization are the best qualified in the society (Daly 75). On top of that, employees who are not given the best working conditions tend to reduce their productivity rate hence the human resource managers should ensure that employees are satisfied with how they are treated. With the increase in competition, both locally and globally on the need for qualified employees and for customers, human resource managers must play a central role in ensuring that other than employing the best brains, retention of employees is given emphasis (Daly 98). Human resource managers need to be mentors and coaches of the employees to guide them towards achieving highest productivity while at the same time they should be able to develop talents amongst the employees (Dale 47). Most importantly, human resource managers have to influence key decision making in an organization as well as being able to propel the organization culture among the employees so as to boost the firm’s output. Job Interview This is a process in which the prospective employee is evaluated by the prospective employer or a mandated party on behalf of the prospective employer to ascertain whether the employee is qualified for the position. In many cases, it comes after the employee has applied for the position in question, and the interview panel or person therefore has some clue about the identity of the in
Any business venture can run into financial difficulties and be unable to maintain commitments and meet financial obligations. Economic changes, overreliance on credit, and unexpected expenses can contribute to the owner being unable to afford the operating costs, pay bills, and pay the employees. When coming upon challenging times, business owners should understand whether internal or external factors caused the financial difficulties and assess whether cutbacks can be made. If I were an employer facing difficult financial times, I would attempt to resolve the situation without having to lay off employees. I would ensure that at least 10% of free cash flow in each quarter is deposited into a savings account that can be accessed to ensure the company can pay for operating costs, such as payroll, property rent, and taxes (Curtis, 2020). I would consider cutting capital expenditures unless investment in new properties or equipment is instrumental in preventing the business from shutting down or laying off employees. Furthermore, certain business assets can be liquidated; however, it is important to assess all assets and dispose of those that do not add value to the company (Curtis, 2020). Alternatively, bank and peer-to-peer loans can be considered (Kagan, 2020). Overall, it is critical to ensure that the company always has access to cash and can pay for its day-to-day expenses. Nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that in some cases laying off employees cannot be avoided. A review of staff should be performed to determine whether workers are productive and secure the further employment of the most efficient employees (Curtis, 2020). Inefficient workers that do not contribute to the business’s development should be laid off. However, the human resources department of the company should prevent ethical concerns from arising. Thus, employees should be dismissed based only on their performance and the set termination criteria. The dismissed personnel should be awarded with severance packages and given a letter of recommendation to ease future employment. In summary, any business struggling to maintain commitments and meet financial obligations should consider several options that will allow it to stay afloat, including accessing savings, taking out loans, liquifying assets, and laying off inefficient employees.
Introduction The contemporary globalized world is associated with the need in development of various communicative approaches. The translator is playing an important role as a mediator between people pertaining to different cultural backgrounds (Cui, 2009: 8). The Skopos theory was developed in the 1970s to address the new trends that started appearing in the information era (Parker et al., 2008: 36). I believe the theory provides a variety of valuable tools for translators to deal with numerous texts. The theory is applicable in the majority of spheres, but in some cases translators cannot rely on the tools offered. Nonetheless, as far as I am concerned, a successful translator should be aware of the major peculiarities of the theory as this will help him/her self-develop and encounter a variety of interesting approaches to fulfil different tasks. Major Peculiarities of the Theory The central point in the theory is that the target text is dominant as the original text is less important since it is based on different cultural peculiarities. For instance, when it comes to advertisement, the target text should appeal to the target audience and the exact translation is quite irrelevant as it tends to miss specific characteristics of a target audience pertaining to a different cultural background (Malmkjær, 2005: 35). When translating an advertisement, translators should render ideas but speak the language the target audience will easily perceive. Importantly, proponents of the theory stress that it is not enough for a translator to be bilingual as the translator should be bicultural (Snell-Hornby, 2006: 52). Functionality of the translation is brought to the fore by the proponents of the theory. Importance of the Theory for a Translator Where the Theory Is Applicable I believe the major concept of the Skopos Theory is very important for a translator as it helps to ach
Introduction The major problem in the 21st century is how to sustain conducive environmental conditions in this highly industrialized generation. This is of high importance to establish good environmental conditions at present and also in the future. This problem has increased due to the high rate of uncontrolled industrialization. It is dominant in areas that are highly populated and industrialized such as in Europe, Asia, and America. This issue has called for all these countries to unit and look for a lasting solution to this major issue. They have set a goal to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 8-10 percent by the year 2012. This has made these countries come up with various environmental policies to ensure they realize their target of a 6-8 percentage reduction of greenhouse gases emission by the year 2012. (Harod G.Coward, 2002) Green Agenda Policy Effect on Canada’s Competition With USA The green agenda policy is one measure taken to guarantee the Canadian they will be able to cut their greenhouse gases emission by the required figure by the year 2012. The implementation of this policy in Canada poses a big challenge to the Canadian economy. This is because it proposes the change from the use of petroleum form of energies in industries and transport sectors to the use of a renewable form of energies such as wind and electricity, which are more environmentally friendly. (Irving M, 2001). This process will have a positive and a negative impact on the Canadian economy at the same time. Some of these positive effects will help Canada to be in a better position to compete well in the trade with other rival competitors such as the United States of America. Some of these advantages include. Increased Investment in Canada The implementation of these policies in Canada will help to reduce the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This will ensure there is no air pollution in Canada and this will attract many foreigners to come and invest in Canada, this will help to improve the economy of the Canadian as the process will increase the employment opportunity in the country. It will also bring the country more revenues that will be realized as taxes from these investments. The companies established will help Canada to increase its export products in the international market. (Harod G.Coward, 2002). This will be a setback to the trade in the rival countries such as the USA. This is because they will suffer stiff competition with Canada and the prices of their products will be forced to go down due to the increase in supply. Also, because Canada will sell their products at a lower price as their production cost will be much lower than that of the USA due to the availability of cheap labor in Canada compared to that one in the USA. (Uday Desai, 2003). More Tourists The assurance of good and fresh air in Canada will act as a good base for an increase in the number of tourists visiting the country. This will help to boost busines
Introduction To counter all arguments and charges leveled against Fair & Lovely, the company can adopt a marketing program that connects directly to the issues touching on Indian women. Such a strategy will work magic. The promotion program should aim at changing the message on the advertisement currently being used to display a happy and confident woman. According to Iqbal, Danish, and Tahir (2014), the corporation makes promises that are sincere and honest due to the use of direct calls to consumers. However, as practice shows, it does not provide significant benefits, and controversial issues concerning racial and sexual characteristics periodically arise. Therefore, the faster the company will change its strategy and achieve the recognition of all parties without exception, the higher the chances are that producers will not lose clients. Effective Measures to Promote the Program The company should establish a program offering scholarships, counseling, and training to low-income Indian women. In yet another promotion program, the corporation can introduce Fair & Lovely products of different sizes, which will be available for customers to choose from the list. Such a move will make clients feel they have a choice, and they will feel empowered owing to the affordable consumer product designed based on their needs. The case of India is evidence that some social phenomena can become a serious obstacle to the promotion of goods. The program has to avoid biases related to the racial concerns including the skin color. If this measure is not taken, the issue can have more serious consequences than problems with the promotion of goods. Taking into account the public resonance, manufacturers should do their best to change the attitude of potential consumers to the cosmetic products under consideration. Otherwise, the advertising campaign will be ineffective, and sanctions against Fair & Lovely may follow. Also, the campaign has to promote son and daughter preferences equally. The program should equally offer training to entrepreneurs, which will offer them the opportunity of realizing the profit from selling Fair & Lovely products. Besides, the company can come up with a television program that will feature low-income Indian women speaking on the experiences they have with Fair & Lovely products. It is worth mentioning that the product should not insult working women. Clients should express their pride in using Fair & Lovely products in preventing them from a hot sun while going on with their normal lives. In addition, the company can resolve to establish yet another program at rolling a campaign featuring various women, aiming at deconstructing the stereotype of beauty reigning in India. Ethics as One of the Components of Promotion If the manufacturers of cosmetic products adhere to the ethical principles of advertising their goods, disputes regarding the discrimination of customers on different grounds are unlikely to arise. In particular, one of the most important arguments in favor of such a course is that racial issues affected by producers inevitably become the cause of scandals. As Limaye an