ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, privacy in the workplace has become a prominent concern for many organizations. The issue of privacy has become a subject of concern as a result of an increased rate of employees monitoring in the workplace. The high rate of electronic monitoring of employees has caused a conflict between the rights of employers to safe guard their business, versus employees’ privacy. The legal rights of employees as well as rights of the employers’ varies from one state to another which affects the strategies that firms adopt in enforcing the monitoring rights. Nonetheless, most federal and state laws support employees monitoring which has made many firms to adopt employee monitoring systems. Employees monitoring is very controversy as it goes beyond legal rights to encompass moral obligations of employers and employees which are difficult to differentiate (Hartman & DesJardins, 2011). Employers versus Employees Rights Employees monitoring in United States of America was legalized as early as in 1986 with the enacting of Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). The act allows employers and system administrators to monitor activities in their computer systems. The enacting of ECPA allowed employers to have legal rights to monitor employee’s activities in the workplace. Generally, an employer is mainly the owner of workstations, phones, servers, software and communication devices that employees use. The employer provides these devices in order to facilitate business operations. Therefore, an employer has an interest to monitor activities on these systems for liability and security reasons. An employer can opt to monitor employees’ telephone conversations, emails as well as non-personal telephone calls made on business phones without giving prior notice to employees, unless in the State of California where employees’ monitoring is highly regulated by the government. Whereas the enacting of ECPA protects employers from insecurity and liability associated with illegal use of employers electronic systems such as pirating, fraud or sale of company trade secretes. The act also provides protection for employees’ privacy. The act does not allow monitoring of employees’ personal communications that are made over the company systems. In addition, the act does not allow employers to monitor conversations of their employees that are made though the employees’ cell phones. Thus, the act is very effective as it tries to safe guide employers’ rights as well as the rights of employees in ensuring that employees’ personal affairs are not interfered with (Hartman & DesJardins, 2011) How Does Technology used at Daimler Affect Employees Privacy Daimler corporate has a very efficient and effective technology that ensures privacy of its employees who use its systems. The company has installed its servers, as well as users’ workstations with appropriate password and other security measures to safeguard information that is received or transmitted over its systems from unauthorized external access. To enhance the protection of employees’ privacy, its systems encrypt personal data that is transmitted o
Patients’ history and previous experiences can inform nurses’ diagnosing process. For example, in examining skin conditions, skin color can play a significant role. Another important factor is one’s exposure to the sun and their use of sunscreen (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2017). In the discussed case (2), the patient, K.B., is a 52-year-old Irish-American male who presents to the office with a mole that was in place for almost two years but raised his concerns recently. The lesion is revealed to be round but with an irregular border. It is approximately 2 mm in size, and it is scaly dark in color. For K.B., it is vital to determine whether this lesion is benign or malignant to provide the most suitable treatment. The primary diagnosis for the described shape is melanoma, while differential diagnoses include dysplastic nevi, basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. Primary Diagnosis The patient’s history and examination suggest the diagnosis of melanoma. It is a malignant condition that can affect various areas of one’s body. In determining abnormalities of the skin, one can utilize the ABCDE scheme (Tsao et al., 2015). First of all, the lesion is not very asymmetrical but round in shape. However, it has irregular borders which are characteristic of melanomas (Tsao et al., 2015). The lesion’s distribution of color is not uneven, but it has different dark shades. The diameter of the shape much less than 6 mm, signifying an early-detected melanoma or a benign dysplastic nevus (Tsao et al., 2015). The final characteristic is the process of evolving – if the lesion changed shape or color during the previous years, it is likely t
The debate over the concept of race is based on the idea that race is not a biological factor but a social construct. Racism is a serious social issue that impacts people of color in various ways affecting their quality of life. For example, the adverse effects include discrimination, inequality in education and job opportunities, as well as disparity in income levels, housing, and access to healthcare. This paper aims to discuss the findings of three sources relevant to the subject of race and racism. Traditionally, five races are distinguished, such as White, Black, Asian, Native American, and Oceanian. However, there is a growing belief that categorizing people based on their physical attributes, behaviors, and culture is an outdated approach. This idea is supported by recent scientific research studying human DNA. According to Chou (2017), new findings in genetics revealed that “there is no evidence that the groups we commonly call “races” have distinct, unifying genetic identities” (para. 8). People living in the same geographical regions share some common characteristics. Nevertheless, the variation between them is so small that it is impossible to categorize people into several large groups. As reported by Chou (2017), “there is so much ambiguity between the races … that two people of European descent may be more genetically similar to an Asian person than they are to each other” (para. 9). Therefore, such research findings can improve society’s understanding of the concept of race and help eliminate racism. Another subject important to discuss, along with the concept of race, is gender. Both factors influence a person’s position and perception in society, particularly in the workplace context. A study was carried out examining the role of gender and race in social judgment about people’s behavior and leadership. Tink
Summary Evidently, gaming is essential in enhancing brain functioning. Previous studies indicate that gaming improves the functioning of the brain. Gaming enables people to develop skills for doing multiple things at one and the same time together with developing as an effective decision-maker. Furthermore, gaming improves perception and creativity. Evidently, higher academic institutions have also conducted research on similar topics. Their findings show that gaming enhances the rate at which people make decisions. It is believed that gaming improves the effectiveness with which people undertake tasks. It is notable that women can also develop the mentality to control 3D objects through playing videogames. Generally, men are more skillful videogame players than women. Electronic video games are believed to generate side effects. Notably, playing violent games alters brain functioning among children and adolescents because immature brains lack adjustment abilities to respond to stress associated with such games. Adolescents and youths in school also play violent videogames. Gaming promotes heavy money expenditure among participants. Different gadgets such as smartphones are applicable in playi
Introduction Understanding population dynamics is the cornerstone of uncovering the economic and cultural development of a country. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) is a country in Southeast Asia with an area of approximately 240,000 km2 (McCartney & Brunner, 2020). According to the 2019 data, more than 7 million people lived in Lao PDR, with a population density of 30 persons per km2 and a rate of natural increase or RNI of about 1.5% (Manivong & Cramb, 2020). As shown in Figure 1, Laos’s population is relatively young, with most people being in the age range of 15-34 (Central Intelligence Agency, 2021). Laos is one of the poorest countries in the Southeast Asian region, with 65% of its people being involved in agriculture (McCartney & Brunner, 2020). This country’s economy has improved significantly over the last two decades, becoming one of the fastest-growing economies in the region (Goto & Douangngeune, 2017). Rapid economic growth can be partially attributed to population migration and urbanization. Low income from agriculture and poor quality of education in rural areas forces Laotians to migrate to bigger cities, but the economy will improve only when the government will support internal migration and immigration. Figure 1. Lao PDR population pyramid in 2020 Main Reasons for Migration Migration from rural to urban areas has always been thought to improve living conditions and increase income. There are positive and negative reasons for people to leave rural areas. Positive reasons are mainly related to growth in the number of workplaces in industry, construction, tourism, and transportation. Negative reasons or forces that drive migration include poverty, the land deficit in rural areas, natural disasters, which are all the results of government policies aimed at industrialization and improvement of the country’s infrastructure by forcing peasants’ resettlement (McCartney & Brunner, 2020). Undoubtedly, migration to cities drives economic growth and creates opportunities for better education and better income. However, Lao PDR’s government needs to provide more support to migrants from rural areas to ensure they have the same healthcare, education, and employment opportunities as urban citizens. Consequences of Urbanization Laos is a mainly agricultural society with growing tendencies to inter-provincial migration. According to Insisienmay and Philavanh (2019), the net migration rates from rural areas to the cities were highest to Vientiane Capital. Urbanization in Laos increased twofold in ten years, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 (Vongpraseuth, 2020). There are five most populated cities in Laos: Vientiane Capital, Pakse, Savannakhet, Luang Prabang, and Xam Nua (Lao Statistics Bureau, 2019). M
Introduction In recent times, the noted company J P Morgan is facing huge concern over the issue of human resources. The issue took shape when J P Morgan, operating on a global basis, integrated and moved into a merger with WAMU. Once this was formulated and executed, the entire workforce of the WAMU became the responsibility of J P Morgan. Under such circumstances, it became necessary for J P Morgan to relocate and reinstall the employees previously working with WAMU. As WAMU worked on a different parameter than J P Morgan it was difficult for the company to execute this relocation and reinstallation process in terms of services and electronic systems. It was necessary to evaluate and analyze the most effective utilitarian moves and implement them. Main Text However, there are methods to solve this issue of human resource utility maximization. It is obvious the process undertaken would be time-consuming and tedious as it would involve hard workforce implementation. The fundamental measure would be to understand and evaluate the working procedure of WAMU and analyze the methods that would be instrumental in the process of integration of the WAMU process into the overall J P Morgan working conditions. It would need multiple working teams who would be responsible for carrying out the plans and once the plans are formulated, each of the processes should be processed and the best measures should be sorted out after vivid analytical evaluations. As this would take a good amount of time, it is logical the WAMU would not change the brand name and assimilate with JP Morgan before the issues are resolved. However, once this stage has been completed it is obvious that J P Morgan would implement some new ideas into the parameters of the human resource department. JP Morgan is indeed a huge organization and the methods followed at the concern are near perfect but there are always chances of betterment and there are always scopes of change. J P Morgan has a good amount of teams who are instrumental in reviewing and reorganizing the process implemented within the company. However, they should allow the usage of more electronic systems to enhance the capacity of the business by the means of the system up-gradation within the parameters of the human resource departmental systems. Sure, it is not mandatory to change everything but is needed to change aspects that can be made better and more profitable (Lamb, 2004). Conclusion In a general sense, there are issues related to the HR department in the modern corporate sectors that needs to be reconsidered and restructured. It is a fact that the department of HR is based on people and there is a huge amount of diversity among these people in the context of culture. The responsibility of the company in this context is to provide a corporate culture that would be respondent to all these diversities and amalgamate the people involved into one specific unit that would be instrumental in looking after the most utilitarian prospects of the company and work for its optimum benefit by enhancing profitability and production its limits. (King, 2006)
Education The government should use its resources to deal with various social issues and problems. The “urban crisis experienced after the end of the Second World War presented numerous problems” (Germany 744). Some of “these problems included unemployment, poor housing, education, public health concerns, drug abuse, insecurity, and lawlessness” (Germany 745). Such challenges affected the lives and experiences of many people. The American government failed to address such challenges. These problems resulted in new issues such as poverty and inequality. This malpractice affected the living conditions of many Americans. That being the case, reformers should use the best resources in order to deal with such problems. The important thing is to “address the major challenge that can eventually transform the lives of many Americans” (Russakoff 2). According to me, the government and other reformers should use the best resources in order to improve the quality education. This social function has the potential to change the future of the world. Every reformer should use the best resources in order to improve the quality of education. This practice will equip more children with the best skills. Such individuals will gain new ideas in order to achieve their potentials. An “educated person will be able to get employed and lead a better life” (Germany 746). The individual can also start his or her own business. An educated individual will also address most of the challenges affecting his or her life (Germany 746). Education is “a powerful tool that can deal with the other problems such as drug use, insecurity, environmental degradation, unemployment, and lawlessness” (Russakoff 2). Every educated person will also deal with various public health concerns. This practice will deal with the major challenges encountered in different American cities. Response to Students Student One The student believes that every reformer should address the issue of housing. The student encourages the government to address this problem because it affects many people in America. The student explores how certain problems such as homelessness and poverty affect the lives of many children in America. The student believes strongly that a proper housing strategy will produce the best social outcomes. The strategy will deal with different problems such as unemployment, joblessness, and crime. According to the student, housing is a major issue that can address the other problems affecting many Americans. However, this approach is detestable because “it might not address the other challenges affecting different Americans” (Russakoff 2). This gap explains why a better strategy will deal with most of these problems. Student Two According to this stu
Since human organs are very expensive and scarce, the circumstances surrounding successful organ transplant that does not follow an ethical criteria raises more questions than answers. Since the organs are very few and expensive, it is obvious that not many people in need will be able to acquire them. In fact, if finding an organ for transplant were determined by the patient, then only the rich would benefit from organ transplant. To avoid biasness, the United Network for Organ Sharing unified lists of surgery patients and suggested allocation criteria. Another alternative is for each transplant centre to keep its own wait list based on UNOS criteria. From the case study, it is vivid that Krimptiz’s quest for and eventual success in getting a liver transplant is unethical since it violates UNOS allocation criteria. This essay reflects on this situation and illustrates how this procedure failed to meet expectations. The UNOS selection criteria recommend the use of a list of organ transplant patients according to the urgency of the transplant needed. The criteria also requires that “one gets a quick transplant only if there are no other patients near that transplant centre in a more urgent situation” (Moon, 2002). Krampitz and his wife avoided the criteria because he knew that there are more urgent cases than his. The case reports that there were 17000 patients requiring similar transplant, of which more than a thousand came from his place. He therefore used media to get a willing liver donor. Reflecting on this issue, one can justifiably conclude that Kramptitz’s transplant was unethical since it ignored the plight of other patients who were probably in a worse condition than his. Prior to the transplant, Krampitz’s case did not make any urgency considerations. It reveals that even though he genuinely needed a liver transplant, his case was not as serious as others’. Some patients in a similar condition were near to death than he really was. Besides, it is evident that his cancerous state was so serious that making a transplant work for him was impossible (Capla
Introduction Treating others with preference at the expense of others is known as discrimination. Muslims, who are part of the American society, have been discriminated against for ages. However, and unfortunately, the levels of discrimination have catapulted to an all time high following the 2011 September attack, commonly known as 9/11or 911. For instance, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) , there has been a 1,700 percent increase in the crimes related to hate against Muslim Americans (Anderson as cited in Khan and Ecklund 1). This increase was long before the 911 attack. Things have only become worse after the attack (Khan and Ecklund 1). In view of continued discrimination against Muslims and other groups, America is yet to achieve a post racial/racism stage in its history. Post racial/racism refers to an envisaged where the American Society will be free of any form of racial discrimination. There has been random and uncalled for surveillance of the Muslims in America through government organs like the CIA (Khan and Ecklund 2). This essay seeks to assert the American government has not done enough to fight discrimination against Muslims in America in particular and the world over in general. America’s Prejudiced Dealing with Muslim Countries Despite being an ally to America, at some point, Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates was treated with discrimination. In October 2005, DP World is a Dubai owned company through a holding company. It is directly controlled by the ruler of Dubai who also happens to be the Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. The firm expressed the desire to take over the management agreement from a British owned firm, Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O). The management agreement would have allowed the DP World to manage six great ports belonging to the United States of America (Zunes n.pag.). As much as there were genuine security concerns, the Congress gave in to popular racist pronouncements through expression of exaggerated fears in regard to possible implications of the transfer of ownership to an Arabic (read Muslim) firm. This was pure discrimination because DP World, just like P&O would only be involved in the normal operations at the ports like cargo handling, docking equipment, and cranes. The task of providing port security, as it were, would have been left to The U.S. Coast Guard and the Department of Homeland Security (Zunes n.pag.). The Iraq invasion is another living example of discrimination of America against innocent Muslim countries. According to Koffi Annan, the war on Iraq by American and Britain was illegal since it was neither sanctioned by the United Nations’ Security Council nor was it done in line with the founding charter of the United Nations. (MacAskill and Borger n.pag.). The Bush administration believed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction which were never found in Iraq. The administration acted so after the 9
Pollution Prevention Pollution is the process of gradually spoiling the atmosphere, soil, or water resources available to humans by the release of detrimental materials. Pollution prevention is the decrease or eradication of pollution at the starting point (which is also called source reduction) rather than at the final production stages or stack (Galeazzo, Furlan & Vinelli 2014). Pollution prevention transpires when raw resources, water, different kinds of energy, and supplementary resources are applied more proficiently when less damaging materials replace the hazardous ones, and when contaminated substances are removed from the production procedure (Guerrero, Maas & Hogland 2013). By minimizing the utilization and production of harmful substances and by working more competently we protect human wellbeing, reinforce our financial state, and keep the environment safe. Source reduction allows the humanity to perform the greatest and fastest enhancements in ecological protection by evading the generation of waste and detrimental waste discharges (Lu & Yuan 2011). Source reduction turns the monitoring system into a well-organized one by plummeting the necessity of end-of-pipe ecological regulations by government. Approving pollution prevention methods and practices habitually benefits business by dropping a company’s functioning and conservational amenability costs (Galeazzo, Furlan & Vinelli 2014). By averting the generation of waste, pollution prevention can also decrease or eliminate continuing legal issues and clean-up expenses. Moreover, disposal outlays are minimized when the volume of waste is reduced. This can also result in a decrease in workshop exposures to harmful resources which can have an impact on employees’ health and hence, their efficiency (Galeazzo, Furlan & Vinelli 2014). If less waste is generated, there will correspondingly be a reduced necessity of on-site storing space. Additionally, by averting pollution, there will be a greater probability that a corporation will be consistent with the regional, national, and federal compliance decrees. In conclusion, businesses carry an imperative responsibility for defending the ecology and natural resources for their own benefit in addition to that of humanity (Galeazzo, Furlan & Vinelli 2014). Waste Minimization Waste minimization is a decrease in the quantity of harmful wastes attained through a careful application of advanced or alternate measures (Shadiya, Satish & High 2012). Simple modifications to a procedure generating wastes (for example, a training laboratory experiment or a vehicle cleaning process) may be the primary condition to accomplish some results. Nevertheless, viewing it as a broader picture of the national situation, it is regularly problematic to identify waste minimization owing to the multifacete