ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The All-Brahms Concert performed by Mr. Frank Peter Zimmermann was a stellar performance that was aimed at rewarding Brahms. With the audience expecting a lot from him, he managed to pull-out a stunning performance, which the audience at the Fishers Hall applauded in respect to Brahms. The article has been named, “the Rewards of Brahms, Playful to Magisterial” in relation to the pieces of music, similar to this one, that were being played at that time. Therefore, the orchestra had an intention of giving honor to Brahms in a magisterial way. The Concert was held on Sunday 22 nd January, 2012 at the Avery Fishers Hall, New York (Tommasini, 2012). The author behind the intriguing New York Times article on the Rewards of Brahms, Playful to Magisterial is Anthony Thommasini. Main Discussion Basically, the author, Anthony Tommasini, is seen to have taken intertwined the review from dedicating a paragraph describing the concert to a general approach on what the Philharmonic violinist; Frank Peter Zimmermann has been doing as a residence at the philharmonic. In the first paragraph, he explains the combination of the German violinist, Zimmermann; Pianist, Enrico Pace, and members of the New York Philharmonic, who came up with an excellent performance at the Avery Fisher Hall. However, he laments why the chamber music was played at the Fisher’s Hall, which is too vast for such a performance (Tommasini, 2012). He reiterates that despite the quality of the music, the sound was disappointingly heard from a distant (Tommasini, 2012). From the foregoing, it is evidently clear that Tommasini praises the quality of the music played at the concert. Despite the vast spaces in the Avery Fisher Hall, with 2,700 seats, the performance was stellar. However, he explains that with more seats empty, it was not clear as it should be according to Zimmermann, who had an urge to be heard by as many as possible; though, this would only have happened, if all seats were full to capacity. Tommasini gives an example of a place where Zimmermann wished the concert to be held, which was at Alice Tully Hall, which has a capacity of 1,100 seats. Literary, this would give Zimmermann an advantage, and nearly everyone would get a taste of his classical orchestra. Generally, the review of such orchestral music would have many factors to analyze. First, the type of Orchestra and the number of participants would matter a lot, to be able to achieve that desired taste of classical music. This is also accompanied by the setting of the play. Generally, this would be affected by the number of people involved in the orchestral music. Additionally, the inclusion of any other member into the orchestra is a big tuning to the music. It might change the direction the music is headed to or change some aspects of the music. These occurrences should be notable in any orchestral music. It is also important to note the techniques used to come up with a quality sound, just like the nimbleness and vitality of Mr. Pace’s playing. When joining at the middle of performance, the demonstration should ensure that the performance is not distracted, yet is able to maintain
Introduction Genres of dance do not emerge spontaneously, from nothing: each new style is a sum of numerous trends that exist not only in dance, but also in society, culture and art. Dance genres evolve and influence each other; that is why it is sometimes quite difficult to define what roots a certain genre has and what peculiarities it has comparing to other genres. This research is devoted to contemporary dance. For an amateur, this term is a synonym of the notion “modern dance”; however, these terms refer to different genres that should not be confused. Contemporary dance is also often mixed up with other dance styles or, due to the word “contemporary”, is even considered to be a term that denotes all dancing that is created and performed today. To eliminate this confusion, we will outline the border between contemporary dance and other dance genres. We will study the origins and essence of contemporary dance and compare it with such genres as classical ballet, contemporary ballet, and modern dance. The study is based on observation of literature sources devoted to contemporary dance and our observation of works of contemporary dance, live and on the video. Origins and Essence of Contemporary Dance The 20th century brought dramatic changes to the life of the World community and, consequently, to art. Dance did not become an exception: in addition to classical ballet performed in theaters and folk dances that existed beyond luxurious concert halls, it gave birth to genres that were less formal but gradually became demonstrated equally with ballet. In the beginning of the 20th century, modern dance changed the society’s notion of dance and offered an approach that had had no precedent. Gradually, more dance genres “alternative” to ballet were emerging: neoclassical ballet, postmodern dance et al. These genres enriched and at the same time challenged each other. Contemporary dance emerged on the border of classical ballet, modern dance and postmodern dance; today it also includes several subgenres, such as non-dance, conceptual dance et al. The core of contemporary dance is an experiment and rule-breaking. Its focus is on showing of ideas and emotions with bright, expressive movements. Contemporary dance tests the abilities of human body and challenges them setting quite high standards to them; it requires perpetual and intense physical training (Li 250). A contemporary dancer switches from tension to full relaxation, performs “broken” movements, falls and rises. Plasticity, expressiveness and strength are peculiar to this dance. Sometimes a work of contemporary dance may have a topic and an explicit idea, but it may be also quite abstract and give a viewer opportunity interpret it on his/her own. Some choreographers use technology in their performances, for example, like Ben Duke’s Discombobulator (Duke); the works of contemporary dance are often created on the border of dance and theater, which significantly influences on the movements used in it. Contemporary Dance versus Classical Ballet
Introduction “Geisha” is a Japanese word that means an artist. Geisha refers to an artistic executor or an entertainer. A geisha performs various forms of art such as singing, dancing, playing musical instruments, serving food and drinks. women start their geisha training at a standard age of three years and three days, when they become apprentices, referred to as ‘ maiko, ’ to a retired geisha who teaches the young girls the art and the way of a geisha (Encyclopedia Britannica online 2010). While on the other hand, “Orientalism” refers to the orient or east which is in disparity to the occident or west. On other words, orientalism brings into play the impression or representation of certain areas of the Eastern Cultures in the west. Orientalism occurs when one comes across a particular culture or way of life in a foreign country and it interests the person so much that when he goes back to his country he replicates it using the foreign country as a reference point (Fujimoto 1917). In this particular case, we will explore the depiction of geisha girls who originated from Japan in the West. History, Origins and Rise of Geisha According to Gallaher (2003) and Rowley (2005), girls whose families were relocated after the struggles in the late 600’s became ‘ saburuko,’ which stands for serving girls. These girls sold sexual services while those with a higher education entertained high-class societal meetings for a fee. After the moving of the imperial court to Kyoto, Japanese Geisha took root as the court became home to the elite selected few who sort after pleasure leading to the thriving of female entertainers. The fact that men were not bound to be faithful to their wives or held responsible for their extra marital affairs made this business thrive as they went out to seek these women for pleasure in the specified ‘pleasure quarters’ while their wives were only home managers. Lesley (2006) states that these ‘pleasure quarters’ build in the 16 th century made prostitution lawful as long as the act itself was carried out in the ‘pleasure quarters,’ where women would be categorized and accredited. Surprisingly, the first geisha were men who entertained clients who were waiting to view the main popular and talented courtesans, termed as ‘ oiran’ . De Mente (1966) states that the predecessors of the female geisha were teenage girls, named ‘ odoriko,’ were dancing girls trained as dancers for hire. In 1678, well known entertainers were paid after performing their acts in the homes of upper-class samurai, though majority of them had already incorporated prostitution in their work. Older women took up the name geisha after the men as they were not teenagers anymore. Some of them only worked as entertainers as compared to prostitution and worked in the same establishments as the men. According to Dalby (1998), World War II b
Introduction Negotiation entails a dialogue that involves two or more parties, which have a common goal or interest. In this case, the common goal or interest that bound the buyer (me) and the seller (Sam) was the need. While Sam wanted to dispose of his Lexus GS 400, 2005 car, I wanted to buy it through an exchange with my BMW 540i 2002 and additional payment. Since negotiation exists in different forms and styles, our style of negotiation involved distributive style. Distributive style transpired since Sam and I were involved in a negotiation that centered on a certain range of payment between $1,500 and $500. The style employed was accommodating since no one wanted to hurt the other in the process of negotiation. Facial expressions and tonal variations were some of the factors that facilitated our accommodating style of principled negotiation. Hence, it is within this background that the essay examines the process of negotiation involving the purchase of Sam’s car. Process Analysis Goals, Planning, and Preparation The intention that commenced our interaction and an ultimate negotiation with Sam was the need to buy a car, through an exchange with my BMW 540i. Lewicki, Barry, and Saunders assert that negotiations require parties that have a common interest, which binds them together (23). Since Sam wanted to dispose of his Lexus GS 400, which was clean and in good condition, and I wanted to sell my car, a common interest bound us together. As a result, I decided to instigate the negotiation with the main objective or goal of disposing of my car to him with an additional payment. The goal behind my intention to negotiate with Sam was to purchase his car and trade it with my car after giving him an additional payment of around $500. Therefore, according to my plan of action, I expected to receive Sam’s Lexus GS 400 after making a submission of my BMW 540i and an additional payment of about $500 to Sam. After identification of the common interest between Sam and me, I contacted him and informed him of my intention to exchange my BMW 540i with his Lexus GS 400 and offer an additional payment. Consequently, after contacting Sam, he agreed and chose a place where we would meet and negotiate. With the negotiating skills acquired in class, I understood the significance of employing distributive negotiation that incorporates win-lose outcomes. Additionally, I knew that for a successful negotiation between Sam and me to occur, I had to apply an accommodating style of negotiation that is principled and does not result in disagreements and dissatisfaction with both parties. According to Lewicki, Barry, and Saunders, effective type of negotiation that involves new parties is distributive as it limits the range within which they price their products (578). As a result, I prepared myself well for a successful negotiation with Sam and the achievement of set goals and objectives. Although I knew that my BMW 540i was a bit old as oppo
Public health in modern days faces several known and unknown threats and often the methods to educate the populace of the need to protect themselves against the hazards of general health turn out to be decisive. Methamphetamine production causes one of the most essential dangers in the current human society and it is of immense significance to understand what the general public needs to do in protecting themselves from threats of this nature. Methamphetamine, a derivative of amphetamine, a psycho-stimulant and sympathomimetic drug, affects the central nervous system and this material is accessible in several forms to smoke, snort, inject, or orally ingested. The use of methamphetamine mainly increases energy and alertness but, on the other hand, decreases appetite. The persistent use of this drug results in the tolerance for drugs, thus necessitating the user to increase the dosage. As Lyman rightly observes, “Chronic methamphetamine abuse can lead to psychotic behavior, including intense paranoia, visual and auditory hallucinations, and out of control rages that can result in violent episodes… Long-term use of methamphetamine may result in anxiety, insomnia, and addiction.” (Lyman, 2006, p 64). In the context of overproduction and use of methamphetamine in the US, it is most critical to realize that the drug causes serious health hazards to the general public including ‘meth mouth’, lack of hygiene needs, sexually compulsive behavior, and withdrawal symptoms due to the use of the drug in pregnancy period, etc. Domestic ‘mom and pop’ labs, as well as super-labs of the Mexican drug cartels, are chief sources of methamphetamine production, and the public needs to be aware of the dangers of this phenomenon in order to protect itself from the undesirable outcomes of drug abuse. Methamphetamine production is a serious issue and challenge to the entire society chiefly due to “the hazardous and toxic conditions produced by meth manufacturing laboratories, the fact that these labs can be set up in essentially any location, and the long-term physical and psychological damage any use of the drug can cause.” (Frazier, 2005). Therefore, it remains a bitter fact that methamphetamine production damages society heavily and, according to Lyman, “Children, law enforcement personnel, emergency responders, and those who live at or near methamphetamine prod
Introduction Doha Development Round (DDR) also referred to as Doha Development Agenda (DDA), is recognized as the world trade organization (WTO). This organization had organized a trade negotiation round that took place in the year 2001 at a place called Doha. The major objectives of this negotiation were to try and set up lower trade barriers all over the globe. Such low trade barriers were meant to inspire a positive influence in developing and increasing the world trade endeavors. Contrary to the expectations, the 2008 talks stalled over divided major issues concerning certain strong trade sectors including; agriculture, industrial tariffs, services, trade remedies and finally on non-tariffs barrier (Guardian.co.uk 2011). This disagreement that came about was between the developed and the developing countries. The developing countries accused the developed and rich countries of their plots to maintain agricultural subsidies without considering the interest of others. This led to collapse of the 2008 Doha round negotiations after the two sides (developed and developing countries) failed to attain a uniform rule governing agricultural imports among many others. The most involved countries include; the United States, China and India who represented the developing countries. There are many impacts both positive and negative as a result of this failed negotiation. Such results face both the developed and developing countries, although it expresses a higher degree of negativity than positivity to the developing countries (Bhaghwati 2011). Causes of the collapse of the negotiation This section will briefly discuss several reasons as to why the Doha Development Agenda failed in order to have better background information about the WTO failed negotiations. It is important to note that, the major cause for the collapse was the United States and the European Union, who completely declined the request to lower down tariffs and subsidies just to pave way for developing countries to access agricultural markets without facing variety of obstacles like competition (Moberg 2006). This was further worsened by the action of United States to insist on implementing a freer access to the developing countries industrial goods and services, not considering their rights of protecting their infant industries (Guardian.co.uk 2011). The Doha declaration had put in place very strong emphasis focused on the past economic practices like agriculture rather than focusing and concentrating on today’s manufacturing and services sectors. Moreover, as a matter of facts, the embedded values of land from agriculture subsidies ranges up exceeding US$ 1 trillion, especially in the developed countries for example; the United States, European Union and Japan (Hufbauer 2006). Therefore it is unfair and non-democratic for anyone to embrace policies that slash properties values overnight, without considering others. The other factor is that, the farm lobbies in
In a society, dreams serve various purposes depending on the culture, community, or family. The significance of dreams is related to the way an individual feels about them. In the Epic of Gilgamesh , which was developed over a period of nearly a thousand years from about 2500 to 1500 B.C., several dreams are told involving the fifth king of Uruk, Gilgamesh, and his compatriot, Enkidu. Even though the original author of the book is not known, it is largely associated with Sinleqe-unninni, a scholar who lived in the ancient Mesopotamia. Gilgamesh, who is described as two-thirds god and one-third man, is the central character in the story. Because of the importance of dreams, at critical instances, Gilgamesh does elaborate rituals to evoke dreams to advise and guide him. In fact, he follows this internal guide over every other counsel. These dreams greatly influence the plot of the narrative since the characters perceived that the deities sent the dreams, they needed interpretation because they had a unique revelation, and were able to foretell the future. First, we see that as the story starts, King Gilgamesh of Uruk is depicted to be in mature manhood and superior to all other men in both beauty and strength. The unsatisfied craving of his two-thirds divinity makes him to find no suitable mate in love or war. More so, his daemonic energy makes his subjects to be unsatisfied with his rule. The men of Uruk murmured in their houses, “Gilgamesh sounds the tocsin for his amusement; his arrogance has no bounds by day or night. No son is left with his father; for the king takes them all… his lust leaves no virgin to her lover” (Lawall, 13). Since there were no challenges worthy of his nature, Gilgamesh turned to excess and indulgence, and he celebrated his victories with too much debauched partying, which annoyed the individuals in the city as well as the gods in the temples. Because of his oppressive rule, the people asked for help from the gods since they feared that someday Gilgamesh would ask for a greater part of his divine heritage, challenge the gods and even rock the pillars of heaven if he was not controlled. Therefore, to counter the threat, the gods devised a plan of creating Enkidu, who was the mirror image of Gilgamesh. They believed that the king would divert his dangerous energies toward that rival thereby stop challenging heaven. he sky god, Anu (An), and the mother goddess, Ninlil (Ninhursag), made Enkidu from clay and gave it life before dropping him in the wilderness to live and eat like an anim
At the moment, one of the main leadership challenges for me is the need to inspire team members to work together productively. The key actors are me as a manager and leader, as well as my employees, whom I need to influence. From my perspective, the challenge lies in the difficulty of articulating values ​​and benefits for each team member. At the initial stage of project development, motivation should be provided not only through monetary incentives but also through the delivery of a common idea and the involvement of each employee in its implementation. However, I find it difficult to formulate such a common goal and task which could inspire subordinates to work effectively. It also seems to be an excellent opportunity to develop the skills of persuasive argumentation and to build authority among employees. The actions I am intended to take are to develop an individual approach to each of the employees and describe to them certain values connecting them to the project. In my opinion, I should consider the role of each team member and his or her contribution to the project. Then justify the individual’s significance as a part of the overall idea, describing the need for special skills for the work. To succeed, I also need to develop persuasive argumentation and the ability to present it confidently. Therefore, the question about my future actions that I would like to ask is: What strategy should I use to motivate employees effectively? The answer to the addressed question should help me plan steps that will lead to the achievement of the goal and strengthen my authority as a manager and leader among team members.
Introduction It is a fact that people, organizations, or even governments are not able to perform all the tasks that are required of them. Therefore, these people usually delegate the performance of specific works to other parties that can effectively perform the work to the satisfaction of the other party. The performance of various works involving different parties usually necessitates the presence of an agreement that defines the expected outcome of the work and the methods of performance. Agreements are also required in the performance of other various transactions which involve different parties. Therefore, there must be necessary documentation to show proof of the agreement. The necessary documentation is usually in the form of a contract, which clearly defines the terms of association or agreement between the parties involved. A contact can be generally defined as an obligation that can be legally enforced and is owed by a party to another due to a formal act or informal agreement. The contract must also satisfy specific terms for it to be legally valid (Klass, 2010, p. 27). The terms include whether the person making the contract was old enough for the contract to be valid. Most countries usually set 18 as the lower limit of the age in which a person entering into a contract with another should be. The parties involved in the contract should also be of sound mental status while entering into a contract with each other (Plimpton, 2007, p. 4). The contracts do not necessarily have to be written to be valid; t