ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction An Automatic gas cooker is an important appliance in the kitchen. However if not used properly it can easily cause accident and death. If properly used, it meets safety standards. An automatic gas cooker should not be used by children, people with reduced mental, physical and sensory capabilities for the sake of their safety and others. An automatic gas cooker is efficient for it saves time. All parts should be carefully installed before use to ensure safety. This instruction guide should be read carefully before using you automatic gas cooker. It is an instruction on how to use a double burner automatic gas cooker. It also guides assembling of all parts. It highlights on care and maintenance of a gas cooker and troubleshooting too (Online Technical Writing, 2011). Features The double burner automatic gas cooker has electronic ignition system. Therefore, marches should not be used:   * Top panel,   * Double burner,   * Small burner,   * Gas control knob,   * Trivet,   * Rubber legs. Installation procedure  1. Before using the cooker, you should confirm that you have the right model for your type of gas supply.  2. All the parts of the cooker should be assembled properly.  3. Place the gas control knob on to the gas cock axis and push it inward firmly.  4. Attach the rubber legs by turning the cooker upside down.  5. Place the trivets on top of the burner.  6. Push the rubber hose on to the hose joint as far it will go.  7. Place your gas cooker at a firm and level surface. The place should be spacious and with good aeration (Online Technical Writing: Instructions). How to use your gas cooker To light the burners Open the main gas valve, then carefully push control knob to open the gas into the burning valve; make sure that the burner lights up. If it does not, t
Introduction Arguably, Japan is regarded as the only country in Asia that managed to successfully build both an industrial economy and an empire. Following the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese government made a resolve to make radical changes that led to remarkable advancements. For Japanese people, the colonial acquisition was considered to be the best means of strengthening Japan as a nation. Therefore, whereas there are various factors that influenced Japanese imperialism, western ideas, and the Japanese culture, as well as ideological trends, played a very critical role. Japan decided to provide a platform through which its citizens could interact with western forces. Besides sending scholars abroad to learn from the western nationals, Japan also welcomed visitors from the western countries to come and equip its people with different skills vital for development. As the capacity of the country grew, its requirements equally changed. Japanese Imperialism To many, the building of the Japanese empire is seen as an important milestone in the history of Japan. Amongst the reforms that took place after the Meiji Restoration was the introduction of a compulsory system of education that closely resembled that of French and German education systems. This involved the creation of opportunities for foreign experts to enter Japan and teach its people various skills. Besides the western influence, imperialism in Japan was also guided by Japanese cultural and sociopolitical inclinations. After several years of concentrated westernization, the people of Japan chose to revive the spirit of nationalism and conservativeness. This was later followed by the inclusion of the principles of Confucianism and Shinto in the emperor’s worship. These principles were powerfully emphasized throughout Japan, and the government had a responsibility to ensure that they were effectively taught in all educational institutions. Japan also had a very strong urge to have a powerful military force in place to help safeguard its people and borders. Strengthening the military thus became a top agenda, and the military was subsequently restructured and modeled after Russian and British systems. This led to the country taking sides with western powers and pretending as though they had no associations whatsoever with its neighboring countries in Asian. Ostensibly, imperialism in Japan as a means of earning respect from its neighbors, including the West, and safe
Introduction Ultrasound is sound energy in the form of wave which has increased above 20 KHZ (Srbely 2009, 3). Generally, the human beings can only detect a maximum of sound frequency not more than 20,000 Hz. So far there are only two vital types of Ultrasound diagnostic and therapeutic that is well known. In point of fact, Medical imaging provides the most perfect task of diagnostic to Ultrasound, whereas, the main usage of therapeutic Ultrasound is to treat the numerous types of diseases and disorders in human beings (Srbely 2009, 3). Towards the turn of a new decade, there has been various technological advancement in machinery of ultrasound; in fact, the new improvements have provided more reliable and accurate ways of treating all diseases and disorders treatable under these category and the outcome of these developments are seemingly more advantageous since they save time and the patient incur less pain compared to the past (Nicholas 2010). Therefore, in this paper we shall assess the two major technological developments in real time imaging: extended file of view and 3-D Ultrasound. Moreover, this paper will discuss the numerous benefits that have been brought about by both advances in real time imaging for the conventional imaging. Extended field -of -view in Ultrasound The first chief developments is the Extended field of view (EFOV) which urbanized shortly after the production of static image by transmitting the 1-D probe through the assessing the region utilizing “mechanical positing arm” (Poon and Rohling 2005). However, the process of producing the static image (D-2) was slow due to complication and it has not been included in the real time. For this reason, new developments in Ultrasound have led to using real time imaging. The extended view approach is based on “sweeping” the probe in sideways direction on the targeted section (Poon and Rohling 2005). The advanced approach -Extended field- of- view in Ultrasound can provide high quality panoramic image even without the need to change the resolution when being used manually. Additionally, the mechanism of Extended field-of-View technology is more advanced based on the fact that it can be used to evaluating of the probe by comparing the sequential images produced through the different types of motion of the probe. Such images are transmuted geometrically accordingly in a careful manner to ensure quality result is established, the images are then inserted in (the Extended filed-of-View) image buffer and later integrated with the other images to provide a quality EFOV (Extended field-of-View) image (Ki
Human Development Discuss the roles of Nature(genetics)and Nurture(environment) in human development. Define what nature is and give examples. Define what nurture is and give examples. Which from your perspective is more important? Support your opinion with concrete examples. According to Benelli (1995), a child’s physical and motor development is influenced by other areas of development. Like his social surroundings, his emotional, cognitive, and language development influences his motor development. The assumption that motor development occurs on its own is not true. Hence, special motor skills development programs are needed for kids to enhance their motor skills. Benelli (1995) stresses in her article the importance of motor skills development and draws specific guidelines for educators and teachers to help kids improve their motor skill development. As the brain develops from infancy to adolescence there is a marked increase in cognitive, motor, and perceptual abilities (Johnson, 2001). Johnson (2001) specifically focuses on inanimate (non-social) objects and animate (social) objects of developing infants. Myers (1991) suggested ways to invest and foster child development and its importance. He stresses that neglect of child care and development in the early years may distort his mental development along with other areas of development. If c at this age it may have bad consequences in future. For a long time, the motor activity in a child has been only stitched with physical growth. While Wade (2004) is of the view that motor activities are much more than just an indication or display of physical development. The motor activities of a child also represent his mental growth and development. The child used his physical activity of movement to display his thinking i.e. by moving towards what makes him curious or getting away from what scares him. The movement experiences and play of the child is a screen through which his cognitive or intellectual development can be monitored. Therefore, movement activities and play should be a part and a source of studying and analyzing the intellectual development of the child. “New research on early brain development provides a wonderful opportunity to examine how nature and nurture work together to shape human development. Through the use of sophisticated technology, scientists have discovered how early brain development and caregiver-child relationships interact to create a foundation for future growing and learning.” (Gable, 2001) The other import
Executive Summary The beverage industry faces high competition amongst the highly established industry players, which also command the global market. The buyer power is relatively average, as consumers do not have immense powers to drive prices lower. The industry, however, lacks switching costs, which provides consumers with the freedom to determine their drink of choice. New entry threats are low as brand loyalty and brand name are critical factors that help to determine performance. The existing industry players are well established. This requires significant capital for any new entrant to compete with them. The varying political and legal factors that manufacturers put up with in the global arena make it more challenging for business performance. PepsiCo’s critical success factors include attaining competitive edge, expanded product portfolio, as well as strong corporate culture. Health concerns and technological advancements play a major role in driving changes within the beverage industry. Increasing awareness about the health challenges posed by carbonated and other processed drinks is pushing buyers into adopting bottled water as an alternative. PepsiCo should consider sustaining a significant research and development strategy, to enable it to compete effectively with its rivals. The short product life cycle in this industry requires an effective research and development strategy to ensure that new products are availed to the market at the opportune time. Five Forces Analysis of the Industry Buyer Power In general, buyers enjoy an average bargaining power in the industry. While the manufacturers enjoy higher bargaining power for energy drinks, vitamin-enhanced beverages, and sports drinks, the buyers have an equally higher bargaining power in terms of the carbonated soft drinks. There are no switching costs involved, which makes it difficult for industry players to lock in their customers. The non-carbonated drinks are marketed at premium prices, sometimes up to 75% higher than the carbonated soft drinks (Thompson et al., 2013). Supplier Power Suppliers have a low bargaining power in the industry. The industry has numerous suppliers who supply numerous other industry players, which reduces the overall bargaining power. Additionally, some of the industry players, including PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, have elaborately established themselves (Thompson et al., 2013). This gives such firms immense bargaining power over the suppliers. The elaborate establishment of these industry players also affords them the ability to pursue backward integration. Competitive Rivalry There are several large manufacturers in the industry,
The only way for us to know that other finite objects exist, is by referencing our sensations. Consequently, human beings’ ability to know about the external world is subject to the examination of various arguments. The scope of knowledge in human beings is relative to the things that they can actually know. The concept of human knowledge applies to various philosophical theories including epistemology, realism, and skepticism. Knowledge can either be externalized or internalized depending on its genesis. Internal knowledge is governed by the sensual abilities of a person while external-knowledge goes beyond these capabilities. Nevertheless, it is safe to argue that knowledge among human beings is largely limited to sensory abilities. Therefore, it is unlikely that human beings have any knowledge concerning the external world. Generally, human beings have no knowledge concerning the availability of things and existences that are beyond their mental comprehension. For instance, it is safe to assume that a person can only know about the existence of a certain object in relation to parallel existences. For example, as human beings we know about the road in relation to our feet or the spoon that is related to food. Therefore, all our knowledge as human beings is relative to another piece of knowledge. For instance, we only know about spoons in relation to the knowledge of mouths and we know roads because we are aware of other relative objects like cars and feet. Human knowledge is therefore related to “facts about sensations and other mental phenomena” (Davidson 192). Most of the facts that human beings know about are merely plausible arguments. In most situations, human beings use these plausible arguments to appeal to their sensations. The parallels between the internal and external worlds are useful in examining the scope of knowledge. For example, various philosophers have used the concepts of reality and dream world to examine if human beings have knowledge of the external world. When human beings dream, the events that unfold during these episodes are only separated from the internal world when the dreamer wakes up. On the other hand, if a dreamer does not wake up and continues to dream for a longer period, the dream would constitute his/her internal world. The hypothesis of the dream world conjures up elements of ambiguity when it comes to external knowledge. For all we know, what we as human beings perceive as reality could be just an unending dream. The possibility of a scenario where the dream world cannot be distinguished from reality eliminates the likelihood of ‘beyond-doubt’ knowledge of an external world. The ability to ‘know something’ is connected to ‘basic beliefs’. Basic beliefs refer to the fundamental truths that are held by human beings without the possibility of them being challenged. In addition, because human beings lack a basi
Introduction Moral values are crucial to the growth and development of human civilization. Through these values, individuals are able to coexist as a community and work harmoniously to achieve onward development. Many philosophers have attempted to explain or contribute to the moral value system. One influential 19th century philosophers who sought to highlight the different kinds of human moralities is Friedrich Nietzsche. This German philosopher argued that human moralities could be grouped into master moralities and slave moralities. Nietzsche praised the master moralities as the strong values that lead to onward development and evolutionary growth of mankind while he blamed the slave moralities for the weak and decadent nature of the society. This paper will set out to explain Nietzsche’s notion of slave morality and show that in spite of this morality being presented as inferior, it plays a critical role in the advancement of the human civilization and should therefore be followed by all people. Nietzsche’s Notion of Slave Morality Nietzsche believed that in the same way that there are no absolute objective truths in science, there are no absolute objective truths in ethics. The existing values are created and chosen by man. As such, both the master and slave moralities were a creation of man. Nietzsche traces the origins of slave morality to the cult and culture of ancient Judaism (Soccio 473). The Jews were enslaved for centuries and this led to a deep hatred for the oppressors. They therefore invented a moral philosophy that was based on resentment toward the masters. These ideals were incorporated in the Judaism faith and later inherited by Christianity, which is an offshoot of Judaism. Slave morality is the morality of the weak or those who are ruled over. This form of morality is perpetuated by the resentment felt by the majority towards the individuals who have power and wealth. The masses therefore denounced the values and morality of their rulers. They regard their master’s moralities as “evil”. Nietzsche declares that slave morality is a morality created by inferior individuals in their effort to control their superiors (Soccio 473). The value system in this morality is based on the guilt and fear that comes from the inferior individual’s awareness of his/her own inferiority. This value system praises as virtues the characteristics of the inferior types. Attributes such as passivity, dependency, and humility are praised as virtues. The master attributes such as love of domination, pride in one’s talents, and shrewdness are vilified and classified as vices. Slave Morality is a creation of the inferior human beings who cannot face being alone in the universe. A person in this class refuses to exist as an individual and instead turns to the group for power and identity. This inferior individual is aware of his/her own inferiority, but
Introduction Communication is a vital tool that facilitates information exchange between individuals. This tool is at the centre of every activity that takes place in human existence. No wonder the first thing that parents teach their newborns is how to communicate. Communication is always a function of mutual trust between the communicating agents. In the political arena, further emphasis on the importance of good communication is essential because in such fields, communication is so important since it defines an individual’s character (Sanders 2009, p.234). It also dictates on the nature of relationship that exists between an individual and his/her communication partners, who may include the very people that he/she represents in parliament. In a form of conversation called deliberative conversation, an individual does not engage in only the usual social communication, but in a more advanced communication aimed at solving an issue that seems to raise concerns. This essay covers the role and importance of deliberative communication in politics. Deliberative Conversation in Politics Deliberative communication plays a major role in politics for developing democracy within populations. Deliberative conversations involve individuals arguing out their ideas with their friends without either party developing the urge to dominate the other, in case of conflicting ideas. Instead, the parties conversing give each other equal opportunity to reach the final decision based on mutual understanding. However, according to Sanders, this communication depends on how the conversant or agents are ethically related (2009, p.234). Deliberative communication requires individuals to develop some kind of political knowhow that will enable them know their inner desires, weigh out available options, and develop self conviction that enables them make informed political decisions, for example by vote casting (Dahlgren 2005, p.148). This paves way for the development of a democratic environment, where an individual’s decision gains respect regardless of whether it differs with others. Past studies have established that, deliberative communication in politics brings about many benefits to the population in question. These are derived from various moral values that Sanders suggests individuals must cultivate (2009, p.234). First, it gives an opportunity for a population to make the most informed decisions. During deliberations, people air their issues based on personal judgments through an interactive conversation. The various views then undergo unbiased scrutiny in order to choose the best idea or judgment. This fact guarantees the parties involved that they will always make the best decisions or follow the wisest policies; therefore, the involved parties enjoy better confidence levels (Cook 1998, p.56) Secondly, citizens taking part in deliberations do not engage in aggressiveness when solving matters arising from opinionated disagreements. This is despite the obvious idea that the conversation bases its arguments on the existence of conflicting ideas (Moy & Gastil 2006, p.156). Th
Introduction With the development of market relations, the target sectors for marketing the products are broadened, and new markets are penetrated. This also resulted in appearance of new sources of different products. With food products coming from other countries, we raise not only questions of manufacturing practices and methods used for producing them, but also their positive and negative impacts on society up to the moment when they reach our tables. In order to come to terms with how globalized the food market has become, we aim at examining two meals and the sources of their constituent products. Case study Meals under analysis in the case study are breakfast and dinner. Breakfast consists of a few strips of bacon, toasted wheat bread, two eggs, some fruit juice and a cup of white coffee. Dinner consists of macaroni, green beans, steak and beef stew soup, spinach and fruit juice. Constituent components that are locally produced are eggs, spinach and fruit juice, but even these are transported over long distances. The wheat required for making bread comes from Canada. The coffee is imported from the South America, particularly from Columbia or Brazil. The macaroni are imported ready made from Italy, while the beef comes from Argentina. Though these products are not domestic and were produced outside the country, they can be easily found at the local Wal-Mart store. Groceries and other supplementary products are available at the local market. Both local and imported products begin start their way to out tables from farm harvesting or slaughtering. Then the products are sorted and packaged at a farm, at a factory or elsewhere. The locally produced goods are distributed throughout the country, while those from other countries are imported and then distributed locally to retail stores where they can be bought. These products finish their way on the tables in our households, having travelled hundreds of miles and changed hands several times. Positive impacts of global market The importance of global market can be explained considering its growth and rapid spread. The global market was advantageous for the food sector, solving certain supply and demand problems of particular food products. One of its benefits according to Kloppenburg, Hendrickson and Stevenson (1996) is the availability of food at all times by taking advantage of the tropical climate zones where food can be grown all year round and not on a seasonal basis (p. 4). This is beneficial in terms of ensuring that food supply is virtually guaranteed regardless of the season. It also enables countries or certain regions to specialize in specific products and receive profits from trading them. Another benefit of the global market is the penetration of local goods into wider markets. It is advantageous for both suppliers and consumers as it creates a source of income and providing an opportunit