ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This paper presents a discussion on inflation in China and its currency policy. It is imperative first to define the technical term, inflation, and then proceed to analyze various dynamics of inflation in China. The sphere of inflation in China relates to the consumer price index which has recorded a rising orientation in the near past. Economic expansion extending from Australia to South Korea has adversely affected trade and development in China. This factor will be analyzed in-depth. Furthermore, money supply, M2, plays a significant role in perpetuating higher inflation. Incorporated in the discussion is the price inflation of producers which recorded an upward trend at the beginning of the year. To reduce the adverse effects of inflation, the essay samples out the currency policy as instituted by the Chinese government. Both fiscal and monetary policy instruments are available to be used by government in eliminating inflationary effects. Inflation in China A continuous increase in price of common goods including industrial products and raw materials is termed as inflation. The price index of consumers with domestic GDP deflator shows inflation. Inflation can either result from cost-push inflation or wage pull inflation. For a business experiencing rising cost of production, it has to increase their prices if profits are to be realized (McConnell, 300). Among the reasons why the costs rises is the costly price of imported raw materials. These high costs of raw materials results from inflation in countries that depends on exports of the expensive commodities. A wage price spiral is another element causing inflation in a country. If people are expecting the prices to rise in the future, they will decline fewer wage because they are aiming to protect their real purchasing power. At the beginning of March this year, Inflation in China recorded a level of 2.4 % (Miller, 23). This was a lower intensity of inflation as compared to 2.7 % inflation rate in January. An investigation into the consumer price index reveals a rise to 2.2 % during the first part of the month. Measurement done by the national bureau of statistics details increased price of the producers by 6.4 % which is likely to cause inflation. Economies of South Korea to Australia Rapidly developing economic activities beginning South Korea to Australia is a disincentive to trade in China. Subsequently economic activity tightens. Countries in the world especially the sub-Saharan countries, are resorting to trade with these developed economies having favorable terms of trade. Money supply, M2 A measure of supply of money rose by approximately 25 %. The increase was from a new disbursement program of $ 103 billion liquidity resulting from a stimulus package of $ 585 billion (McEachern, 19). Although the stimulus package was aimed at jumpstarting the economy, their side effect is a decline in values of real estate and equity (Krugman 84). Money in circulation
Introduction Emirates General Petroleum Corporation is the top UAE national petroleum brand. It is notable not only for its long and successful history but also for the diversity that becomes one of the constituents of its success. Having understood the importance of cooperation among people of different backgrounds, the company has introduced the principle of diversity in order to reap the benefit. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the idea of diversity is put into action in Emirates General Petroleum Corporation. In this respect, the brief history of the corporation, the HR department activities, the mechanisms of managing the diversity, and the opinion concerning this approach are considered. Further, the current state of affairs is viewed through the lens of the book by Michelle E. Mor Barak. The perspectives of development in the long term (after five to ten years) are discussed. The paper includes the interview intended to clarify some issues pertaining to the competition. Finally, the lessons learned and concluding statements are given. Emirates General Petroleum Corporation was founded in 1981 and aimed at marketing and distributing petroleum in the region (El Mallakh 153). In 1982, the corporation established its Lubricant and Specialty product brands. Next year, the company proceeded to establish Natural Gas Distribution networks and eventually opened Lube Express Centers in 1989. Today, the corporation owns 180 retail outlets in the region and the largest natural gas supply network. The company provides a wide range of petroleum products and services to both large and small consumers. Its products dominate in the Northern United Arab Emirates. Some of the products the corporation offers are gasoline, kerosene, petroleum gas in liquid form, fuels used in the aviation sector, battery water, lubricants, brake fluids, radiator coolants, and grease. The company has diversified its products: it offers food staff, postal services, dry cleaning, smart cards, postal services, auto-care services, and general automotive maintenance. Emarat products are designed with the intent of making life better and delivering high-quality items (El Mallakh 68). As part of its social responsibility, the corporation has functional social and environmental programs that appreciate the diversity in a community and support the interest of the host environment. The corporation rebranded in 1996, marking the start of the strong brand that has ensured its success. The aim of the company is to produce and market the products of high quality; it grants the customers the highest value of products that fits their diverse interests. Human Resource Department HR Operation The human resource department is a critical part of the organization. The human resources are designed to perform four major operations: the management of the workforces, rewards, and policy, learning and development of the workforce, and recruitment a
Introduction Airbnb is a privately-owned global enterprise founded in 2008 and specialized in hospitality services. It runs an online marketplace by using a sharing economy model that provides users from around the globe with a chance to rent out their properties and gain profits from rendering tourism services at varying prices. Additionally, it allows travelers to find diverse and affordable accommodation options. According to the company’s statement, nowadays, the Airbnb marketplace gives access to “5+ million unique places to stay in more than 81,000 cities and 191 countries” (Airbnb, n.d., para. 1). Considering the organization’s orientations and service offers, its target market is highly versatile in terms of demographics. For instance, the group of senior users is the fastest growing in Airbnb and currently comprises over 200.000 hosts (property management, 2018). As for the group of guest users, it includes people from different backgrounds, yet the main common feature among them is interested in traveling and familiarity with modern information technologies. Social Media Activity Airbnb implements a very effective social media marketing strategy and is active across multiple platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, and so forth. According to Hogan (2018), the main aspects of the firm’s strategy are video marketing, the integration of user-generated content (UGC), and the use of social channels for customer communication. YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter are the main media where Airbnb realizes these activities and, therefore, the analysis in this section will focus on them. Company Reach Among the three chosen platforms, the number of Airbnb followers is the highest on Instagram and amounts to 3.8 million users (Figure 1). On Twitter, the company has 638 thousand followers (Figure 2) and, on YouTube – 168 thousand (Figure 3). As for the number of views on social media, it ranges from one video to another. For instance, within the period of the last 12 months, the most frequently watched clip received 10 million views, and it was a 30-second commercial clip. It is likely that this video content was actively shared by Airbnb across other platforms and websites. Moreover, the video features recognizable Indian actors, which defined its popularity. At the same time, the average number of views on both YouTube and Twitter ranges from 20 to 70 thousand. Since on Instagram, the company mainly posts images, its reach on this platform will be analyzed by the number of likes in the Feedback section. Figure 1: Airbnb reach on Instagram. Figure 2: Airbnb reach on Twitter. Figure 3: Airbnb reach on YouTube. Company Posts Airbnb pays significant attention to the quality of its content and does not compromise it by trying to post more frequently on each platform. For instance, the company usually posts several YouTube videos monthly but can sometimes take few-month breaks between posts. The main reason f
All countries experience social changes throughout history. As a result, there are certain dominant ideologies and contradictions as social groups develop and gradually institutionalized. America was no exception to dominant ideologies and contradictions long before the period of the Declaration of Independence to present days. This critical essay aims to examine some of the dominant ideologies and contradictions, particularly those related to segregation, slavery, race, social exclusion, and roles people have played beyond these ideologies and contradictions. The paper draws supporting contents from the works of Ta-Nehisi Coates’ The Case for Reparations , Andrew Jackson’s Transcript of President Andrew Jackson’s Message to Congress ‘On Indian Removal and Thomas Jefferson’s “ original Rough draught” of the Declaration of Independence . These materials cover elements that reflect the progress of hegemonic racial ideologies and contradictions that led to racial discrimination and social exclusion and later affirmative action in American society. Dominant ideology means “the principal ideas, values, and morals in a given society” (Abercrombie and Turner 149). These are values, belief systems, ethics, and opinions, which majorities relate to and share in a given community. Dominant ideologies act as means of social control. It shows and frames thought patterns of majorities in society. Dominant ideologies reflect how dominant groups think about their nature, social status, positions, and roles in society. These ideologies show specific versions of reality. Nevertheless, there are several other alternative forms of reality. Dominant ideologies, however, might be well entrenched that people might think that they are beyond questioning, human comprehension, and naturally occurring. Still, it is probable for other diverse ideologies to exist in any society. However, such versions of ideologies do not have adequate persuasive power and widespread recognition given to the dominant ideology. According to Avilés, ideology is “what allows a society to persist, even though the essence of that society may contain contradictions” (Avilés par. 1). This statement highlights the relationship between ideologies and contradictions in society. The term contradiction refers to “mutually antagonistic tendencies within institutions or the broader society such as those between profit and competition within capitalism” (Elwell par 1). The contradiction is considered absolute. It is present in developmental processes, and there are always opposing tendencies throughout developmental processes in an institution. While values and practices exist to support one another, there are other forms of values and practices, which contradict one another. America has specific political,
When economists evaluate and discuss the fate of euro, many ask a question whether the euro should replace the dollar as the world currency. Usually, economic researches indicate that European Union matches United States international trade and financial markets. Today’s global economic and financial crises have adversely affected the Euro value. The key question remains whether euro will survive the critics and the pressure of the entire Euro states. In fact, the European Union is at task to develop strong financial treaties and guarantees that could enable the currency survive the collapse of European economies. Some states in the European Union assert for constitutional and treaty reforms to create monetary stability by cementing the volatile money base and recognition of electronic currency in the region. Euro fate in future is usually connected to the European politics and the corruption that erodes its value compared to other currencies, especially the United States dollar currency. Economist and financial analysts argue that the stability and the value strength of the currency have been a liability and an asset to the members’ states. The euro region lacks measures of flexibility on the currency and the European central bank, which benefits other non-member states. The paper will bring forth the history of the currency; comparison of the euro versus dollar will also be outlined. In addition, advantages, disadvantages and the current state of the currency will be thrashed out in details. As a conclusion, the ongoing debate over euro future and recommendation of further researches regarding euro fate will be discu
Introduction In the rapidly developing modern world, the process of globalization is the defining factor and the key feature of international relations. Economies, societies, and whole cultures merge and integrate as a result of the ever-growing system of global communication and trade. The decisive role in the process of globalization is played by economic factors: international business, foreign investment, intellectual and technological exchange, — all these components contribute to globalization. More and more nations are becoming involved into international interaction and are consequently facing the communicational challenges set by the traditional cultural barriers. Misunderstandings emerge within multinational teams since their members are simply unaware of different perceptions and expectations inherent in their foreign colleagues’ philosophy of life and cultural outlook. When maintaining international business communication it is vital to be aware of the multiple stylistic peculiarities inherent in communicative processes of various nations and cultures. One of the most frequent cultural collisions occurs between the representatives of the East and the West, since they bear diametrically opposite values and communicational standards. As an example, business communication should be planned especially cautiously between the representatives of India and the USA, since those two nations demonstrate typical instances of high-context culture and low-context culture, with all the ensuing consequences (cf. Fig.1). Complex approach to cultural differences Cultural differences have been one of the major issues in research on business communication. Success or failure in international business is defined by the level of partners’ flexibility, openness, and readiness to accept and compromise with each other’s cultural standards. Locker and Kienzler (2008) define a “successful international communicator” as a person who is “… aware of the values, beliefs, and practices in other cultures; sensitive to differences among individuals within a culture; aware that his or her preferred values and behaviors are influenced by culture and are not necessarily “right”; sensitive to verbal and nonverbal behavior; flexible and open to change” (p. 432). Therefore, a complex approach including a whole array of factors is required when investigating the cultural peculiarities of international partners. One of the comprehensive approaches suggested in the research literature is Solomon and Schell’s (2009) scheme compris
Apple Inc. was started by Steve Wozniak, and it has grown into a multinational company. The Company is located in California U.S., and it designs and manufactures IT software and hardware. The current CEO, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded the company in April 1976. The success of Apple Company in the early 1970s and 1980s made the company to become a bench market for the industry. This essay will reference Apple Inc. by specifically explaining how the Apple launched and diversified their iPhone products, its distribution and promotional approaches to advance these products. The introduction of the iPods, iPhones, and the launching of the table computing with the iPad was what led to this success. The success of Apple was through the company’s detail strategy management, which is a process of thorough understanding of their organization, competitive environment, and implementing their strategies. The research involved the company creating objectives, which aided in accessing the organization resources and capabilities as well. It also leads to the exploration of the external environment competitive opportunities and threats. Apple achievement was through focusing on providing high-quality products and services, and at the same time, cultivating good public relationship with their clients in every business deal (Capozzi, Kellen, & Smit, 2012). They made sure that they applied those principles of the business to maximize their profits and brand reputation. They remained honesty and truthful to their clients, and they handled their customers and suppliers with due respect. They also protected their product copy right by not revealing the company’s confidential information to the outsiders and especially their business rivals. Finally, they conducted businesses in a way that benefited the communities they served by employing high work performance team (HWPT) that remained royal and devoted to the company. Moreover, the Apple Company had to deal with other forces that affected the PC industry. These included; long term growth, lifestyle and social concern as well as globalization. Additionally, there evolved some key factors that were required by the company in order to obtain compelling profits. These included marketing, skill, technology, manufacturing, and distribution. After considering all these factors, the company
Monarch Butterfly Common names : Caterpillar/ Larva (plural Larvae, this is the scientific name)/ Butterfly/ Monarch Butterfly. Taxonomic classification : Kingdom: Animalia , Phylum: Arthropoda , Class: Insecta , Order: Lepidoptera , Family: Danaidae , Genus: Danaus , Species: plexippus. Environment encountered : Mount Holyoke College Botanic Gardens and the Talcott Greenhouse. History on campus : Their annual migration into the Massachusetts is synonymous with the spring season. Categorical and legal status in human society : They are essential crop pollinators (Andrẻs). They do not have a legal status in human society; however, they have been used as model organisms for various biological research. Moreover, butterfly research has provided invaluable data regarding the global time and geographical scale, which is essential in climate change research. Contributions and function within a larger ecosystem : They are a food source for other organisms, such as birds and reptiles. They are ecological indicators of a heathier ecosystem. The alignment of ethical values upheld by the Mount Holyoke College community with the behavior possessed by a 1mm to 14mm insect species is exceptionally fascinating. The caterpillar is of relevance to the ethical values upheld by Mount Holyoke College’s community through the symbolism centered on its behavioral characteristics. For instance, the most obvious idea of symbolism is the degree of patience that a caterpillar has for change. Unlike most insects which have a shorter life cycle, the monarch butterfly undergoes through the four stages of a life cycle in one year. It takes a whole year for an egg to hatch, and eventually develop into a beautiful adult butterfly. This also mimics hope for transformative and positive change. Moreover, my research revealed that “A college student is reflective of a caterpillar with regards to how their personal experiences lead them to spiritual renewal, which eventually results in their molting into new individuals.” This is congruent with how an ethereal butterfly emerges from the pup
Introduction Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, commonly known as AIDS, is a serious condition that poses significant treat for the population. Currently, the disease is incurable, which implies that it is vital to raise public awareness of its causes and associated risks. This condition was chosen for the review as, currently, there are many people having AIDS in the United States and globally; every country in the world is affected by this illness. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the aspects related to the condition, such as its prevalence, etiology, pathophysiology, mortality, and treatment. The report aims to show that clinicians and nurses should discuss AIDS and associated risks with their patients to enhance individuals’ health outcomes and eliminate the prevalence of the disease. AIDS, Its Prevalence, and Etiology AIDS is an advanced stage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that impairs an individual’s immune system and results in its inability to protect the body from bacteria and viruses. Currently, almost 1% of the global population lives with HIV; AIDS is significantly more prevalent among males (up to 80%) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018b). The disease develops when HIV is present in the body; the virus, in its turn, can be spread through blood, semen, breast milk, as well as vaginal and rectal fluids. Mortality and Morbidity Rate Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, around almost 78 million people have become infected with the virus globally, with about 40 million people dying from AIDS-related conditions (Washington State Department of Health, 2014). In 2017, approximately 950,000 deaths caused by the disease were registered (UNAIDS, 2018). It is necessary to mention that ART allows individuals to have a near-normal life expectancy, which means that the mortality rate has significantly decreased over the past decades. Pathophysiology AIDS is caused by HIV that infects and destroys T-helper lymphocytes, preventing them from sending signals to other cells (UNAIDS, 2018). As a result, the individual’s body stops producing antibodies. There is a window period of up to 12 weeks during which the virus cannot be detected (Washington State Department of Health, 2014). It is followed by chronic infection and AIDS, the final stage of HIV infection. Treatment Currently, there is no cure for HIV and AIDS, but it is possible to control the disease with antiretroviral treatment (ART). For people infected by HIV, it is vital to start the therapy as soon as possible. Currently, more than 21 million people (almost 80% of all individuals who know their s
After the 2007 economic recession, it is claimed that many people have defaulted in paying their taxes due to low returns and lack of jobs. The media has focused on the issue mainly because taxation is a sensitive issue to government. Anusha Shrivastava wrote that the Federal Reserve had not done enough during the last few years to boost the economy (1). In this regard, fiscal policies must be designed to ensure maximum taxation. Policies made should be in line with the state’s monetary policies. This would stimulate the economy. Brenda Cronin observed that American households had witnessed a rise in their income in the recent days (2). She however predicts that economic growth could be temporary because of financial problems in other states. Cronin argues that there is some hope among Americans that the economy might favor them. This is welcomed by the state because taxation would be enhanced. Conversely, many people are not sure whether economic growth rate will hold. Citizens argue that one-month growth rate should not be used to speculate good future. Brendan Conway argues that taxation is projected to fall because American stock market is experiencing tensions due to the on-going financial meltdown in Europe (2). The columnist argues that Dow Jones Industrial unit had already witnessed a drop of 145 points or 1.2% of its total shares. This sh