ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Name some organisms that inhabit hydrothermal vents The ocean floor is a habitat for many classes of living organisms. These organisms have different modes of feeding. Thus, each species has its distinct adaptation to its immediate environment. The perfect examples are the hydrothermal vent animals that inhabit the vents, including the vent octopus, giant tubeworm, spider crab, vent crab, gastropod, gyre snail, squat lobster, Pompeii worm, Anemone, ciliate, and more (Abellgan, 2010). How do animals living near hydrothermal vents get their energy? Unlike the organisms that live on the earth’s surface and that depend on sunlight as the principal source of energy through photosynthesis, plants around hydrothermal vents do not have such a privilege since the great oceanic depths prevent sunlight from reaching the oceanic floor. According to the Marine Conservation Society (UK) South East (2008), the water that oozes from the vents has chemosynthetic bacteria, which convert sulfur compounds into organic material. This process is known as chemosynthesis. Therefore, in the vent food chains, the chemosynthetic bacteria are the chief producers making all hydrothermal vent animals depend solely on them for energy. Should federal dollars contribute to explorations like the Galapagos Rift project where scientists discovered hydrothermal vent communities? Deep–sea exploration is a quite complex and expensive exercise that requires adequate funding, expertise, and machinery. This can only be made possible when the federal government injects enough resources to the oceanography research bodies. This will not only reduce the difficulties of the deep-sea work but will also ensure that the information obtained is accurate and reliable. What are some advantages and disadvantages to finding new animal/plant forms? One advantage of finding new life forms of flora and fauna is that it enhances the efforts made to preserve the life that may be otherwise endangered due to the lack of knowledge about them (Kenn, 2013). Furthermore, it may contribute to deep-sea diving tourism that can be a source of government revenue. However, marine exploration projects are costly and require extremely sophisticated machinery. This can be detrimental to the economy, especially for a country. Glacial landscapes are changing Discuss the negative changes that are occurring and the cause(s) of these changes In the recent past, the temperature on the earth has been rising steadily due to the effect of global warming. This has caused glacier ice to melt much faster than before making the glacial landscapes recede, thereby exposing the earth below. This has resulted in increased levels of seawater. Also, higher altitudes areas on the globe are characterized by ice glaciers (Grassle, 1985). Due to continuous melting, the water flowing into the rivers has increased streams massively, resulting in devastating floods. The receding ice glaciers in some parts around the world have led to a reduction in the production of hydroelectric power, thus depicting an imminent crisis in the energy sectors of the affected economies. Discuss how these cha
The main qualities that appear intrinsic to Rip Van Winkle’s character are kindness and placidity. He is described as “good-natured” and “a kind neighbor,” suggesting that his attitude towards others is welcoming and without malice. Van Winkle is different from his ancestors, who were “gallantly” and “martial,” which almost makes knights (Irving, 2017, p. 517). They could have lived in an age when fighting adversaries was necessary, but it appears that their descendant enjoys a period without conflicts, which shapes his personality. He is also conservative, insisting on living in a “time-worn” house instead of finding a more appropriate dwelling (Irving, 2017, p. 517). The reluctance to change, as well as being “simple,” matches his kindness and placidity, facilitating conformity and the absence of complex desires (Irving, 2017, p. 517). Van Winkle is satisfied with the status quo, even if it is not the best, and having more ambitions would probably make him a different person. Another important characteristic is Van Winkle’s subordinate attitude towards his wife. He is an “obedient henpecked husband,” while the spouse is one of the “shrews” and “a termagant wife” (Irving, 2017, p. 517). The images are not particularly flattering; rather, the opposite may be considered the norm, given women’s limited rights. However, it is the “meekness of spirit” that makes the man likable and is responsible for his “universal popularity” (Irving, 2017, p. 517). Van Winkle’s kindness is a potential result of his henpecked position, as “men are more apt to be obsequious and conciliating abroad” after being disciplined by their shrewd wives (Irving, 2017, p. 517). Perhaps, a “pliant and malleable” temper is more beneficial for a young country without a solid identity, such as where Van Winkle dwells (Irving, 2017, p. 517). Thus, perhaps, the same qualities are valued in its citizens (Irving, 2017, p. 517). Furthermore, if “a curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the world,” the practice is not against the Christian principles, endorsing them (Irving, 2017, p. 517). Thus, Van Winkle’s henpecked status is a blessing, rendering him kind, flexible, and pious. Reference Irving, W. (2017). Rip Van Winkle. In R. S. Levine et al. (Eds.), The Norton anthology of American literature (Vol. 1, 9 th ed., pp. 516-527). W. W. Norton & Company.
Introduction Climate change has been affecting the environment drastically, causing numerous habitats to be disrupted or destroyed, and multiple species to become endangered or face extinction. Caused primarily by the rise in the use of fossil fuels as the direct outcome of the increase in the performance across all industries due to globalization, climate change can be managed and delayed to a certain extent. However, for this purpose, the use of fossil fuels as the primary source of energy must be revisited, with the following change toward an environmentally safer option. For the EU to combat climate change successfully by limiting fuel-powered transportation, the organization must introduce policies and regulations that encourage citizens to use hybrid vehicles instead (Frey, 2018). Additionally, cost-effective options for purchasing hybrid vehicles must be provided to citizens so that they could comply with the set policies without facing an economic crisis. Limiting Fuel-Powered Transportation: Options and Expected Outcomes When considering the options for limiting the extent of the usage of fuel-powered vehicles, one should pay attention to the use of personal vehicles and the propensity among most citizens to prefer diesel cars as opposed to hybrid ones (Carlucci et al., 2018). Therefore, the importance of opting for green transportation methods among citizens must be conveyed to the target audiences properly, which can be achieved by introducing new policies limiting the use of diesel cars. Role of EU in Limiting Fuel-Powered Transportation Remarkably, the EU has already contributed quite profusely to the management of the climate change process, specifically, the problem of CO2 emissions produced by fuel-powered transportation. Namely, the EU has released several crucial regulations that restrict the extent of harmful emissions, while also promoting the use of green energy and, particularly, the transfer to the use of hybrid vehicles across Europe. Specifically, the strategy aimed at demonstrating alternative solutions to the use of fossil fuels as the source of energy for transportation has been implemented successfully in most European countries (Bel & Joseph, 2018). As a result, a plan for transferring to an environmentally safe framework for public transportation has been created by the EU (Bel & Joseph, 2018). Given the presence of achievable and measurable goals in the specified plan, it could be assumed that it is likely to be implemented by the set deadline of 2025 (Bel & Joseph, 2018). However, the current strategy accepted by the EU could use certain improvement since, while targeting the public transportation quite effectively, it is still not enough to convince the owners of private fuel-powered vehicles to transfer to the use of hybrid ones. Indeed, although public transportation constitutes a large part of the general CO2 emission rate, personal vehicles still contribute vastly to the problem as
Introduction Many research studies have shown that socioeconomic determinants of health, such as education, income, age, and geographic location, often affect health outcomes (Asada, 2007; Mandal, 2015). Although health disparities may mean ethnic or racial disparities across different population strata, they may also occur because of socioeconomic differences (Asada, 2007. In America, health disparities mainly affect minority populations (Mandal, 2015). For example, Mandal (2015) says that African Americans have a 10% higher incidence of cancer compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, Latinos and African Americans are twice as likely to develop diabetes compared to their white counterparts (Mandal, 2015). Some factors, such as poor access to health care services, poverty, exposure to environmental problems, inadequate education levels, and individual or behavioral factors contribute to the health disparities in America (Asada, 2007). This paper proposes a quantitative research study to understand how to reduce socioeconomic disparities to achieve better health outcomes in America. Theoretical Framework The health inequality theory would be the theoretical framework for the proposed study. This paper proposes this theoretical framework because it focuses on the healthcare system, provides an elaborate definition of vulnerable groups, and outlines a framework for pushing the agenda for decreasing health disparities (Babbie, 2013). Researchers have used the health inequality theory to investigate issues of health inequality and to investigate socioeconomic determinants of health (Babbie, 2013). For example, Mandal (2015) has used this theoretical framework to direct research into health inequality. Methodology Quantitative Research Approach There are many types of considerations to make when choosing the right type of research design in quantitative research. Emma (2008) says quantitative research has different types of designs, including historical, correlation, experimental, and descriptive research designs. This paper proposes the use of the descriptive research design because it allows researchers to measure an observable phenomenon – health disparities in the U.S, directly (Emma, 2008). An experimental or correlation design would not work in the context of this paper because health disparity is a social issue and this paper does not compare two variables, as the correlation design would dem
Introduction The attribution theory has become the important contribution to the explanation of the people’s prejudiced behavior. The theory represents the broad sphere of knowledge in Psychology. The fundamental attribution error and the ultimate attribution error are the branches of the attribution theory. Both concepts describe the roots of the prejudice. However, the former is focused on the explication of our attitude to others and to ourselves, whereas the later describes our judgments about the behavior of people from our group and form the outside groups. The Definitions The fundamental attribution theory is the psychological conception, which explains the prejudice and personal bias. According to the theory, people tend to evaluate their own behavior from the standpoint of the external circumstances and to judge the actions of others from the point of view of their characters and personal traits. For example, we tend to explain our lateness by referring to some external factors, while explain the lateness of others by their lack of organization and responsibility. The ultimate attribution theory is the psychological conception, which explains the prejudice towards the people, who are not the members of our group. According to the theory, people explain the negative behavior of the outgroup members by taking into account their personalities but judge the roots of the negative behavior of the ingroup members by taking into consideration only the external factors. For example, we tend to blame the environment and not our friends or beloved for the failures but we usually judge the strangers by their characters and do not think about the external conditions, which motivated them to behave in a certain way. The Comparison The major similarity of the two theories boils down to the fact that both of them explain the prejudice and personal biases. The major difference between the two is that the fundamental attribution error is the broader term than the ultimate attribution error. It generally describes the people’s attitude towards others and to themselves stating that we explain our own failures by the external circumstances but blame others for their characters. The ultimate attribution t
Research indicates that streaming services are the future of content distribution. This format manages to grasp the very essence of the 21 st -century spirit and combines high-tech solutions with the familiar methods of pastime (Fagerjord & Kueng, 2019). Today, there are many services that offer such content, and it may be difficult to decide which one is best. As the analysis indicates, Disney+ is the optimal solution in this regard with the potential above Netflix. This platform is a combination of classics and modernity that creates an unprecedented quality of entertainment (Agnihotri & Bhattacharya, 2022). It draws inspiration from established franchises, such as Marvel, Pixar, and Star Wars , adding a new dimension to the familiar universes (Disney, 2022). Overall, Disney+ offers well-known pictures of its own production, as well as brand-new original content that meets the interests of most viewers, presenting it in the most convenient form that exists today.
Introduction Over the decades, one of the prominent factors affecting effective healthcare practices enshrines the human behavioral habits. In this case, it is crucial to establish the interdependent concepts that render the prevalent state of drug abuse and addiction cases. Researchers argue that a significant percentage of the community members self-diagnose and prescribe for the presumably appropriate dosages (Shobiye et al., 2021). It is an initiative that risks the welfare of the ill persons and the reputation of pharmacists. The expenses on doctor’s consultancy are high. Self-treatment is an ideology that risks the robustness of the counterparts. One of the highly abused drugs is marijuana due to its impact on the human body as a recreational element. Cannabinoids is a drug with chemical compounds similar to the active component in weed: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The composition leads to elation among the victims, a condition considered as high due to the impairment of physical and mental functioning. The primary objective of a medical practitioner encompasses the protection of life of a patient. However, the regular concept of purchasing analgesics to treat symptoms poses difficulties among the professionals towards rendering optimal and efficient services. Literature Review There is an intersection between the textbook and the peer-reviewed article due to the relevance of the controversies arising from drug usage. Cairns et al. (2019) argue that there is an increase in psychotropic and self-poisoning from the usage of the unprescribed pharmaceuticals. On the one hand, Crowley et al. (2017) argue that it is vital to determine the statistics of substance misuse to foster the objective baseline of the widespread overconsumption of painkillers for treatment. On the other hand, analgesics entail a chemical compound that provides a solution to different illnesses, and its perversion is a significant threat to people. Both articles contribute to an essential insight into the conceptual framework of analgesics and stimulants. In addition, it is crucial to address the issue of compulsive behavior driven by the exploitation of pharmaceuticals. Drugs contain different chemical compounds that offer particular medicinal value, while others provide recreational properties such as ecstasy. In a research, Toda (2018) indicate that analgesics enhance the promptness in treatment of short illnesses. It is an approach that families adopt with the effectiveness being measured from the change in pain intensity. The self-treatment aspect renders a solution to the decongestion of hospitals over minor incidences. However, the advice-seeking behavior also poses the risks of health complications. Toda (2018) establishes that
Introduction Human capital seems to be both a tangible and intangible asset of the company. On the one hand, the number of people and their best skills are listed in the organization’s files, although each employee’s knowledge and experience is unique and may not always be measured. Therefore, it is rather vital for businesses, especially, the ones that operate on a foreign market to adapt and plan their team’s recruiting strategy. In light of this, it is paramount to be knowledgeable of the EPRG staffing model, associated strategies, and challenges that will be discussed in the present paper. EPRG and International HRM According to Drachal (2014), the model was first introduced as a three-component one and included ethnocentrism, polycentrism, and geocentrism and was abbreviated as EPG. A few years later, the authors of the original model included one more factor such as regiocentrism and the concept became known as EPRG. In international human resources management, this model is of utmost importance as it allows organizations to choose methods of staffing through assessing their goals, ambitions, and resources. The choice of the right employee for a certain position is a non-trivial task that requires serious consideration. The model is designed to simplify it, allowing the organization to choose its orientation on the market, and therefore decide on its staffing needs. Each of the four orientations has unique properties and requires further analysis. Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism presupposes business orientation to a domestic market. However, it does not necessarily mean that the company cannot have operations abroad. In fact, foreign markets are considered a secondary priority. For instance, a manufacturing company can sell its surplus products or leftovers from retail stores to foreign markets. Another characteristic feature of ethnocentric companies is the absence of adaptation techniques. Sales, marketing, and recruiting strategies in foreign units under such an approach do not change significantly. Staff hired in the domestic region is considered superior to a foreign one and regarded as most effective. Broad use of expatriates is also of note. In addition to that, major operations and decisions are planned in headquarters, while units abroad only carry out those orders. Such a model of corporate governance is usually top-down and profit-oriented. Examples of such companies may include clothing companies such as Zara, H&M, Pull&Bear, and so forth. Importantly, the managers rely on values and implement HR practices that are common in home country rather than in foreign ones. In certain occasions, it may be rather profitable since it requires no additional funds for adaptation and development of unique marketing, staffing, or sales practices. It is also easy for companies to exercise such an approach in countries with a similar culture. The challenge, however, is to maintain a rational attitude towards other countries and their workforce (Valentino, Brader, & Jardina, 2013). If people abroad
Aristotle was the wise man who called rhetoric an art (Aristotle 3). In fact, rhetoric is a real art, a gift that gives an opportunity to influence the mind of the crowd. People who are endowed by the art of rhetoric are charismatic, they can persuade others, pass on their ideas to other people, and either inspire them to act or form their opinion about some situation or event. The main aim of the present paper is to identify the functions and explain the use of important rhetorical devices in three famous speeches of the prominent American leaders: “Ich bin ein Beliener” by John F. Kennedy, “Sylvanus Thayer Award Acceptance Address” by General Mac Arthur, and “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” by King. The speech, “Ich bin ein Berliner”, by John F. Kennedy is one of his best public speeches that shows strong support of West Germany by the USA during the Cold War. Kennedy expresses his pride to support the Berliners, he uses anadiplosis: “I am proud – And I am proud to visit the Federal Republic” (Kennedy par.1). “Two thousands ago – Two thousands ago” is one more anadiplosis that stresses the strength of patriotism that is suggested with the help of a quotation in Latin: “civis Romanus sum” (Kennedy par. 2). Kennedy wants to show the necessity of democracy in Germany and he uses a reference to this Latin statement but he says it in German, comparing ancient Romans and Berliners: “Ich bin ein Beliner”. In this case, “Ich bin ein Berliner” is a metaphor showing the pride of being free. Besides, Kennedy uses of one more rhetorical device, climax: “I know no town … that still lives with the vitality and the force, and the hope, and the determination” (par. 12) to show his support of the position of West Berlin. Though Kennedy’s speech is rich in rhetorical devices, repetitions are the most commonly used, and the brightest one is “Ich bin ein Berliner”. General MacArthur, in “Sylvanus Thayer Award Acceptance Address’ ‘, addresses the cadets of the Academy to show the ideals that should lead every soldier. The impressiveness of the speech is created by real feelings and apt use of rhetorical devices. If the main device in the previous speech is repetition, the same thing can be seen in General MacArthur’s speech. MacArthur uses the motto of the Academy: “Duty, Honor, Country” and it becomes the main repetition in the speech. When General MacArthur is speaking about hardships that soldiers bear, he always concludes his idea by the words “Duty, Honor, Country”. He implies that these words should be the code of all soldiers and he thinks that these words can be the answer to all questions. Glorifying American soldiers, General uses similes: “as its [nation’s] lifeguard”, “as its gladiator” (MacDouglas par. 20). Finally, a metaphor “Twilight is here” (MacDouglas par. 27) shows that the military career of the speaker is over but the words “Duty, Honor, Country” will be in his heart forever. The use of all rhetorical
Sports Tourism Tourism is considered as an important source of revenue of UK. Sport and sporting events play a major role in the development of UK economy, especially of tourism industry. Economic gain from sports tourism in UK amounts $ 1.5 billion per year. In the marketing of sports tourism relevant steps are taken by the government and it contributes much to the development of sports tourism in the country. Tour operators’ associations are interested in sports tourism. They offer attractive packages to the foreigners for watching sports events and visiting important sports centres in the country. Tourism information centres inform visitors about sports events. ( Section 15 : Tourism and Sporting Events . 2005). Tourism industry and Economy UK is a country which ispassionate enough in drawing people towards more sports events so as to allow their athletes to get encouragement from others. UK has been the stage for more than 80 world cup, European and common wealth championships and this forms the basis for the setting up of a ne