ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
To my mind, Mary Winkler, who killed her husband, was a victim of battered woman syndrome. It is a severe mental health condition that usually develops in females suffering from long-term domestic abuse (Gotter, 2021). During the trial, the Tennessee preacher’s wife claimed that her partner had been abusing her both sexually and physically for a long time. Matthew Winkler allegedly criticized her for everything she did; he could scream at her, strike at her, and blame her for every setback. Moreover, Mary’s attorneys raised a defense on the fact that her husband had a twisted libido. For instance, Matthew forced her to submit to unusual sex acts at any time, wear sex costumes, and watch porn (Krajicek, 2019). The defense also reported that their client was depressed and suffered from PTSD. This abusive treatment made her uncomfortable and eventually resulted in voluntary manslaughter as a way to leave the destructive relationships. Nevertheless, there would be no justice if Mary Winkler had been just set free. There is no doubt she killed her husband out of emotions and anger without prior intention. Although Mary claimed that she does not remember how she pulled the trigger, the woman pleaded guilty to Matthew’s death and delivered a hollow-hearted statement to apologize before sentencing. She also admitted that she caused some of the marriage problems by herself. For instance, Mary was embroiled in the Yahoo Boys scam that drained her money with the help of fraudulent checks (Krajicek, 2019). What is more, the preacher was shot and left to die by her the following morning after their argument on financial issues. Thus, Mary could kill her husband voluntarily either because of the stress of the Nigerian scam case or the abuse she suffered from him. In this case, the murder was classified as voluntary manslaughter that requires the punishment of up to ten years in prison. Mary’s mental condition and responsibility for the crime were mitigating factors that reduced her sentence to 210 days.
Anxiolytics is the medication used for treating ailments related to anxiety. Anxiety is an emotional state that gives rise to feeling of apprehension. Anxiety occurs with respect to imagined or real dangers. Anxiety in any human being originates, when the individual attains the age of four up to fourteen years of age, physiological background due to the circumstances of up bringing, education, knowledge, food habits, according to the temperament, family lifestyle, affects the brain, thus causing deep-rooted effects on the central nervous system. The simplicity and natural course of laws of nature is not properly followed, greed, over-ambitious, needs, accidents, mishaps, all have deep rooted effect on the individual brains growth. The difference between a sedative and hypnotic agent is the sedative is prescribed only to critically ill patients, where as hypnotic agent is applied to less ill patients (Holsboer, 2005). Benzodiazepine is a chemically formulated allopathic medicine, prescribed strictly under medical doctors’ advice to slow down the central nervous system. It helps to take care of nervousness and tension among the patients. Barbiturate is a natural short tree with dark green color leaves known commonly as grass or Ganja in India. The leaves are crushed, pasted with small amount of water and smoked in a pot or chillum. After smoking the barbiturate a couple of puffs, the individual feels an intoxicated state and hallucinates, the barbiturates de-activates the nerves and makes the person lethargic. The barbiturate affects the central nervous system, and releases all tensions. The Beatles group of musicians introduced the Pot culture to the west when they were in India to learn Indian classical music from the Indian Guru Ravi Shankar. The pot culture also got popular during the hippies movement in the sixties. Benzodiazepine is chemical formulation, specifically formulated to act as analgesic effect. Barbiturate is a natural product found in Mother Nature, whic
Introduction Despite the vast research made in the field, pressure ulcers still remain the problem in all hospital settings. Also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, these are areas of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue (McInnes et al., 2015). They appear on bony parts of the body as a result of pressure or rubbing. Without appropriate treatment, pressure ulcers can develop into chronic wounds that may occur after healing; that is why this issue requires close monitoring and timely medical intervention. This paper will include the review and comparison of three articles related to the ways of treating decubitus among patients of all age groups in different hospital settings. Search History For the paper, the Google Scholar database was utilized to search for appropriate and reliable sources. To facilitate the process, keywords were used, such as ‘pressure’, ‘ulcer’, ‘hospital’, ‘wound’, ‘treatment’. It was also helpful to use synonyms for the terms, such as ‘bedsore,’ ‘decubitus ulcers,’ ‘healing.’ The number of articles found on the topic was large; however, not all of them were included in the work. One of the reasons why some of the articles were excluded is the date of publication. For this literature review, only recent issues were used, which were published not earlier than five years from now (2020). Another criterion was the credibility of a source; that is why articles from unreliable journals were not included in the work. Furthermore, the search was limited to the articles, originally written in the English language, or the ones that were translated into English. As such, three of the most suitable scholarly articles were selected for the paper. Synthesis of Evidence For this synthesis, three articles related to bedsores’ treatment were chosen. The first reviewed article contends with the implementation of support surfaces in treating pressure ulcers (McInnes et al., 2018). The aim of the review was to explore various support surfaces such as specially-designed beds, cushions, or mattresses and find out whether they can help deal with decubitus (McInnes et al., 2018). These devices are designed to protect body parts that are likely to be affected by bedsores and ensure even distribution of the surface pressure. The researchers compared low-tech tools such as mattresses filled with fluid, foam, beads, air, and high-tech support surfaces, including electrically powered overlays (McInnes et al., 2018). Apart from the support surfaces’ effectiveness in treating bedsores, the researchers also compared their cost, durability, and reliability. The next article is also connected with the issue of pressure ulcers’ treatment. Norman et al. (2016) considered the use of antiseptics and antibiotics in order to prevent the spread of infections caused by bedsores. The research aimed to understand whether antimicrobial agents facilitate the ulcer’s healing. The study was based on the claim that there is a relationship between micro-organism populations in wounds, infection, and the healing process, but this connection is still unclear (Norma
Introduction Communication is arguably the corner stone on which any successful relationship is built. The importance of effective communication is universally acknowledged. As such, a lot of research has been taken on the subject and numerous books written so as to help people improve their skills so as to make them more effective in their communication efforts. There exist different communication styles and the one that an individual adopts may be as a result of physiological, biological, educational and cultural factors. Gender has also been noted as a contributing factor to effective communication. In this report, the supposition that gender differences in communication exist shall be analyzed. Using current and relevant literature, a detailed report on the topic shall be provided. This shall be in a bid to accentuate on the communication differences that are inherent in men and women. Communication involves the sending and receiving of messages and it forms an integral part of any culture. However, research indicates that men and women communicate differently. Despite the fact that men and women are created in God’s image, they differ in functionality and design. Evidence of this is based on the fact that they often interpret the same message differently. This is arguably the most eccentric aspect of communication. As mentioned earlier, there are some behavioral, biological, educational and environmental characteristics that influence an individual’s communication style. These characteristics affect the type of message that needs to be developed, how it will be developed and the most relevant type of communications channels that will be used to each category of an audience. Gender communication differences As mentioned earlier, men and women have different communication styles. This is mainly as a result of nurturing and social constructs that they experience during child hood. In regard to nurturing, adults often talk to boys in a raised tonal voice. They are communicated to in a direct and relatively harsh tone. Girls on the other hand are often cooed and talked to gently and expressively. As such, men communicate in a direct, dominating and aggressive manner while women communicate in an expressive and calm fashion. In matters relating to social constructs, boys often play in groups and in most cases, one of them is always the leader of the group. The leader always controls the conversations. This is what makes men hieratical,
The Coca-Cola Company is considered one of the largest companies in the world. Apparently, the company specializes in manufacturing of non-alcoholic drinks. The company has five top soft drinks brands- Coca-Cola, Fanta, and Sprite, Diet Coke, and Minute Maid drinks (Dhar, Chavas, Cotterill & Gould, 2005). Over the years, the Coca-Cola Company has attracted a number of competitors such as the PEPSICO, Inc. Through analysis, it is possible to identify the production differences between the two companies. Therefore, this analysis reveals the companies’ competitive positions in the market and the differential margin between the two firms. Using the DuPont Analysis, the ROE (Return on Equity) is expressed as the net income as a ratio of the shareholder’s equity. Therefore;   * ROE = Net Income / Shareholder’s Equity.       + For Coca-Cola: 232,000,000/34,007,000,000 = 0.006822       + For Pepsi: 5980000000/22910000000= 0.062643 The ROA (Return on Assets) is expressed as the net income of the company divided by the total assets. Thus;   * ROA = Net Income / Total Assets       + For Coca-Cola: 41470000000/95490000000= 0.434286       + For Pepsi:598000000 0/80470000000= 0.074313 The profit margin for Coca-Cola is 20.64%. On the other hand, Pepsi’s profit margin is 53.57%. Total Asset Turnover for Coca-Cola is 0.14%. Pepsi has a total asset turnover of 0.87% Equity Multiplier is expressed as total assets divided by total equity.   * Where: EM= Total Assets/ Total Equity       + For Coca-Cola: 95490000000/34070000000= 2.802759       + For Pepsi: 80470000000/22910000000= 3.512439 Since the establishment of the Coca-Cola and Pepsi in 1886 and 1893 respectively, the rivalry between the two companies has attracted much interest from accountants and industrialists. From the financial analysis, the comparison of the two companies using dividend increment has been a factor of consideration. Since Coca-Cola had an increase of dividends by 11.01% while Pepsi recorded a dividend increase of 9.80%. In this context, Pepsi has diversified its activities into snacks. On the other hand, Coca-Cola remains retain its original brands. The domination of the Coca-Cola brands in the markets is higher than Pepsi. In fact, Coca-Cola sales volumes are relatively higher than Pepsi’s within the same market. The comparison of the Coca-Cola and the Pepsi Companies is complete with a presentation of the common size analysis. Drake and Fabozzi (2012) define a common size analysis as a fiscal report that shows each item as a percentage of a base figure within the account. The base figures must always include the company’s total assets, the stakeholder’s equity as well as the liabilities. In this case, each of the company’s balance sheets is considered. The assets indicated
Abstract Psychology and mainly behavioral psychology is one area that has attracted great interest from many scholars. Skinner B.F. is a renowned psychologist who has contributed greatly tom in the development of behavioral psychology. The first article gives a brief background of Skinner, B.F. education background, as well as his great contribution to behavioral psychology. The summary of the article highlights how Skinner B.F. used his genius to invent a chamber for studying the behavior of rats and pigeons. Similarly, the review indicates the controversy surrounding Skinner B.F. view that animals behavior depends on hereditary heritage, past experiences and surrounding environment. The second article comprises of a review of how cognitive psychology has changed within the last five decades. The article is essential in informing the readers about the blindness created in the younger psychologist and psychobiologists about important aspects in the history of psychology. The review also gives an account on Skinner B.F. engagement into radical behaviorism. It is important in informing the reader about the scholars that prompted him to venture into radical behaviorism psychology. Lastly, is the review of an important article referred as Meaning in Behavior Analysis the article extends the works of Skinner B.F. by expounding on his perspective of meaning by explaining important terms such as mands, tact, as well as operant behavior. The discussion is essential in informing the reader about how verbal response becomes meaningful in day-to-day interactions (Boeree, 1990).similarly, the articles are important in shedding light about the great psychology work accomplished by Skinner B.F. Moreover, the articles showed how Skinner B.F great contribution plays a fundamental role in behavioral science and revolution of cognitive psychology. Skinner, B.F. Summary Skinner B.F. was born in 20 March 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. He studied literature and received a B.A. from Hamilton College in New York. After unsuccessful years as a writer, he went back to study psychology after been inspired by the works of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and John B. Watson. Skinner B.F. earned his Ph.D. in 1931 and remained in Harvard until he received his first faculty appointment in 1936 at University of Minnesota. In 1945, he became professor and chair of the department of psychology at Indiana University before going back to Harvard in 1948. He retired as a professor 1974. Even after retiring, he remained very active and i
Research Institutions’ Use of HealthSuite There are multiple ways in which research institutions and universities can benefit from the use of the HealthSuite digital platform (Quelch and Rodriguez 7). Analytics services offered by HealthSuite may be deployed by research establishments to build contextual predictive analytics and algorithms for decision support. This means that research universities would find it much easier to deal with the complexity of big data by utilizing innovative approaches offered by the analytics services of HeealthSuite. In particular, researchers could obtain models of higher quality since HealthSuite is good at creating data within the appropriate context and conducting real-time contextual analysis. Considering that analytics services of HealthSuite deploy efficient machine learning functionality, research universities will be assisted in research data management which has always been a challenging task (Amorim et al. 101). It should be mentioned that this digital platform enables research institutions to drive precise and actionable insights from obtained data. One of the analytics services in the HealthSuite digital platform is the HealthSuite Workbench that creates an environment for the development of new analytical models. Research universities can use this analytics service to manage data science projects in one place. The Workbench allows researchers to choose the best frameworks for deep learning, image analytics, and natural language processing (Consoli et al. 34). Researchers can thus improve their models using already available ones. Research institutions that create documentation that contains equations, live codes, and visualizations can benefit from the use of integrated development environments offered by the Workbench. If the research team is decentralized, the Workbench facilitates collaboration between researchers by making it possible to share projects with colleagues. There are other assets offered by the HealthSuite digital platform which research establishments can utilize. HealthSuite Insights is an analytics service that gives research universities access to advanced analytic capabilities to curate and assesses obtained research data. Sometimes, artificial intelligence solutions can be time-consuming and require the inefficient use of resources. HealthSuite Insights can be helpful for researchers in dealing with logistical challenges faced when integrating AI solutions in research environments. Thus, research institutions can gather all the obtained research data, curate it, and utilize artificial intelligence for decision-making. The Added Value for Research Institutions in Using HealthSuite Currently, many research organizations, including institutions, heavily invest in IT solutions due to the need for better analytical capabilities for continuous improvement (Child et al. 125; Reuver et al. 125). The utilization of the above-mentioned analytics services, such as the Workbench and the HealthSuite Insights, adds value to the research institutions as it facilitates data management and gives more opportunities to operate data. With HealthSuite, research universiti
Approaches to Lifespan Development Nature versus Nurture debate reflects two contrasting approaches to understanding the specifics of the factors influencing the lifespan development of a person. The first one is based on the belief that humans acquire most of their traits from nature, which means that the hereditary factor is the one determining the development of the personality. The second approach is based on the assumption that people acquire their traits from the environment, which means that the child is born with no specific characteristics and his/her behavioral patterns develop from the external influences throughout different life stages. While there is a vast amount of literature exploring both of the approaches, the modern sources mainly claim that both internal and external factors shape the personality. In his article, Sameroff (2010) presents a view that unites the achievements of investigations in both nature and nurture influences on the development and calls for considering the two approaches as interrelated and complementary to each other. The author presents a well-developed reasoning for the claim that determining the influence of inner and external factors should not be regarded as opposing approaches and bases his assumptions on the data from relevant studies. Sameroff uses a considerable number of scholarly references to support his point of view. The information he presents is clear and detailed, and the assumptions he makes are logical and well-grounded. The article can be considered credible and serve as an illustration to the inappropriateness of contrasting nature and nurture, as the knowledge about the interaction between the hereditary factors and environmental influences is the key to understanding the complex process of human development. Though Sameroff and many other scholars regard to nature and nurture as the approaches that should be integrated, many scientists still view them as contrasting to each other. Within the theoretical framework of nature approach, the development is regarded as the result of the combination of hereditary factors given to every person from the birth. The advocates of this approach consider studying the genes the key to understanding the origins of the traits developed by people. Cool (2014) analyzes Galton’s study on twins and comes to a co
Business marketing and its principles can be extremely helpful to students in their working lives. One of the key aspects is the importance of marketing and its functions for business. This aspect allows students to better understand what marketing goals are within a business environment and what benefits marketing strategies can bring to a company. Understanding the goals that marketing can fulfill in a business is critical for students to develop the right marketing strategy. This aspect is extremely useful for students’ work life as it allows them to view marketing as an integral part of running a business and plan it early in the development of a product or service. The second key aspect is an overview of tools that allow companies to assess the value of a product or service to the consumer. This principle is critically important because a product or service has value only when people are willing to pay for it. For students, this aspect is extremely valuable as it allows them to develop ideas that have realistic applications. At the same time, this principle is applicable to the working life of students as it will allow them to position their product or service in relation to real consumers and articulate potential value. They will be able to more realistically assess the prospects of their product or service within the business environment, shaping their characteristics according to the needs of the market and consumers. Additionally, this aspect identifies the importance of taking competitors into account when developing products or services, as well as marketing strategies. The third key aspect is marketing segmentation. This principle allows to group consumers depending on their needs and response to marketing strategies. This aspect is extremely useful for students, as it allows them to first of all determine the target groups that are the primary consumers of a product or service. Additionally, the application of the principles of marketing segmentation allows students to choose marketing strategies and tools in their work life depending on the target group, which makes marketing effective.