ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Change is the process of improving the organizations processes and employees performance with the intention of increasing productivity. Change creates an impact on employees work processes behaviors and motivation. Bradford and Burke (2005) suggest that it is the management’s duty to assess employee’s reactions, and introduce change techniques to help in the process. However, there are cases where conflicts occur as the employees undergo through the change process. The reasons may be due to fear of the unknown, fear of failure, and loss of power. Tools and techniques for effective change help in addressing conflicts at each stage of change. When mangers are planning for change, they are supposed to raise awareness of the need for change so that they can create a desire among the employees. The change management team must come up with a plan to communicate to those employees affected by change, starting with supervisors and middle level managers because they will be able to convince other employees. After the informing employees about change, the management should plan on training. Training on new skills will give confidence to the employees. The training should be based on knowledge, skills and behaviors of the employees. It will help in minimizing conflicts because they will have confidence in applying their new skills. Response is also important after the employees have tried their new skills during implementation process because it will determine whether the employees have accepted the new process. Their opinion should be reviewed and the corrective action taken. Likewise, observation of how well the employees are performing is essential. Those who perform well should be complimented and sometimes rewarded to increase on employee’s acceptance to change. Furthermore, Evaluation of the change process is important in determining whether it is in line with the organizations objectives. Process Intervention Tools used in Change Management According to Balkin (2008), the process of change is subject to many conflicts as it goes through all the processes with the employees either adjusting to the new system or resisting it. The management should use some tools to make sure that the new change of activities are accepted, and this will be so if the management holds regular meetings to communicate to the employees about the current status of activities. Also, with the use of suggestion boxes, the employees are able to write down their views and ideas on the adjustment during the process of change. The managers involved in the change process should write down the procedures required and distribute them among employees so that everybody gets ready for change, and incase of new changes, redistribution is important. Consequently, the
The aim to improve regulations in the financial and banking system is to ensure stability in the financial and banking market. For this it is important to understand how financial stability can be improved and how to enhance supervisory control over financial institutions. Due to this it is important to ensure a regulation is in place, it is essential to keep track of the speculative investments into assets. However, draconian measures to curb any form of speculation will be counterproductive. Regulation must limit the speculation of asset trading which will make the market less volatile. Further there should tests in place to determine the interconnectedness between markets that will help in understanding the source of volatility in the prices and the market. Further, the regulation should inculcate mechanism to test and check the pressure on building volatility in the market. Increasing public transparency of the market is essential to reduce the speculative tendencies of the investors. Further, regulations should be more vigilant of the financial and banking law violations that would reduce the fear of a shock to the market. These measures are cost effective and would reduce the risk for the bankers, financial institutions, as well as the investors as this will significantly reduce the risk of volatile movement in the financial market. Creating financial bonds by banks would ensure the speculative investors to take enough risk to satisfy fines due to the bank’s misbehavior (Dudley par. 17). Further, there must be a database that keeps track of all the people involved in illegal financial trading and transactions in order to protect from further damages. Works Cited Boesler, Matthew and Jeff Kearns. ‘ Revolving Door’ Between Fed and Banks Spins Faster . 2015. Web. Dudley, William C. Testimony on Improving Financial Institution Supervision: Examining and Addressing Regulatory Capture . 2014. Web.
Distribution Levels Rolex watches are goods of ostentation. They are expensive and target a specific customer segment in the market. The manufacturer has already determined the target market and the specific outlets where such products are to be sold. Although there is the desire to sell goods to a large market, the characteristics of this product limit distribution channels. Such items require selective distribution. Selective distribution involves choosing specific distributers in the market who will receive the products directly from the manufacture and sell them directly to consumers or to a few trusted retailers. This is important because these products may need some explanations before disposing them to customers. The diagram below describes this distribution channel. The product comes from the manufacturer to a specific distributer in a given market, who then delivers the product directly to the customer. Coach purses require mass distribution. It is used by many individuals and has no specific target market. Coach purse is an item that can be bought by anyone regardless of geographical distribution or the status in the society. The price of this item is also relatively low. The product does not require a lot of explanation as far as its usage is concerned and therefore anyone can sell it. The diagram below is a representation of its distribution channel. The manufacturer will deliver the products to the wholesaler in bulk, who will then deliver the products to retailers. The retailers will then reach customers. Manufacturer    Wholesaler    Retailer    consumer  The product moves from the manufacturer to the wholesaler for mass distribution, then retailers take it from manufactures for final distribution to customers. Land Rover sports utility vehicle is a high-end product. It is very expensive and the decision to buy it is very involving. Customers need technical explanation when making purchasing such a product (Armstrong, Harker, Kotler, & Brannan, 2009). The producer is also keen to ensure that any post purchase dissonance is reduced. This will call for the shortest distribution channel possible, which would allow the company to keep a close track of the customer. This would allow the manufacturer to address any issue that may arise after the sale of the product. For this reason, exclusive distribution will be the best approach in selling this product. The diagram
Introduction White-collar crimes generally are of a commercial nature and occur in a business setup. The perpetrators of this crime are primarily motivated by financial gains, which define this form of crime. White-collar crimes are innumerable; however, the common ones include fraud, insider trading, embezzlement, computer crimes, copyright infringement, forgery, bribery, corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, and many other dishonest business schemes. Sutherland (1949) observes that “white-collar crimes are crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation” (p.8). Since the offenders are professionals and people of high standing in society, they are intelligent, confident, affluent, and can conceal their criminal activities for relatively long from the law enforcers. A Secret Crime White-collar crimes do not get police attention and are less obvious because the perpetrators occupy executive offices; they, therefore, incorporate legitimate behavior with criminal pursuits. White-collar crimes are very complex because they involve sophisticated players and complex transactions (Shover & Wright, 2000, p.65). Perhaps, this crime finds a shield in the commerce culture of confidentiality. Confidential information is only in the hands of a few persons who may, in turn, use this privacy to fraud. White-collar crimes are distinct from blue-collar street crimes such as arson, burglary, theft assault, vandalism, and rape among others. Somehow, white-collar crimes receive little attention from the law enforcers as opposed to the high alertness for other crimes. The drive to engage in blue-collar crimes is attributed to psychological, associational, and structural factors. On the other hand, white-collar criminals are opportunists who take advantage of their position in society to fraud. France’s Société Générale Bank scandal Jerome Kerviel, a 31-year-old low-level securities trader is the mastermind behind the infamous Societe Generale Bank scandal in France. He planned and executed his plans with so much expertise that he managed to rake in billions of dollars in the process without anyone raising alarm over the issues. Jerome engaged in unauthorized security trades worth billions of dollars, which were far more than the bank’s market capitalization. He carried his transactions through his veil fake emails for customers’ missing trades and his colleagues’ accounts whose log-in details he secretly obtained. The scandal surfaced when the company could not trace the customers’ emails purporting missing trades in their archives. The case got management’s attention leading to the prompt closure of his trading account. As a result, there was a three-day beginning January 21, 2008, drop-in equity indices, which left the bank with over $ 7 billion losses. In the scandal, Kerviel was found guilty of three charges: forgery, trust violation, and computer misuse. The scandal of this scale would have not happened through simple techniques used by Kerviel had the company not taken its eyes off the ball. The weaknesses that existed were pure management, poor risk management, and weak in
East Asian is a sub-section of Asian that can either be defined by its culture or ecological growth. Research shows that twenty two percent of the population in the world lives in geographical region of East Asian. These illustrates that East Asian is the most populated region in the world with one hundred and thirty three occupants per square kilometer. Traditionally, a lot of East Asian societies have adopted the classical Chinese culture (Kimura 88). Buddhism religion in East Asian In the 3 rd century, Ashoka the ruler sent followers to the northwest of India. The missionary and the merchants were very successful in spreading Buddhism in the region. They also learnt about it when they came for trade in Central Asia and spread Buddhism to their region. The Chinese had their former contact with Buddhism in the central Asians (Kimura 102). Buddhism is one of the major faith in East Asian which was initiated into China in the Han Empire from India in the early centuries. It was originally introduced to Korea by the China in three hundred and seventy two and eventually in Japan at around the sixth century. Extensively, Buddhism remains an overseas religion in China with very few followers who were taught by migrant Indian tutors. The period of Han Dynasty Han dynasty was the second empire of China that succeeded the third kingdom. Han kingdom lasted for four centuries and was considered as a golden period in the Chinese history. During this period, China approved the Confucianism as an administration official condition policy and was included in the school curriculum. In this period, women were taken as inferior in the society and they could not acquire power in the government (Susan 76). The territories were divided into regions that were ruled by central government known as commanders. These kingdoms slowly lost their remnants of independence following the uprising of the 7 th state. When Han Empire collapsed, China faced a phase of political disunity and at the same time Buddhism religion was still flourishing. In this period, the economic growth lead to significant intensification of financial system. Han Dynasty of China led to increase in trade and culture in Central Asian and China, a community of Buddhism was established in the middle of the 1 st century. As a result, immense growth of Buddhism more Chinese texts were translated in Buddhism language in East Asian. The tang period led to a significant growth in printing and carpentry which also boosted the economic state of East China (Kimura25). Women in Power Empress Wu Zetain The Empress Wu Zetian was the most influential defender of Buddhism in East Asian. She was born from a commercial family in the Shanxi province and at the age of fourteen she was chosen to serve the empire (Susan 1990). Wu was seen as a lovely and attractive lady though she did not find sexual favor with men in the Emperor and it took her twelve years of power to learn political and foreign affairs. Wu ZHAU led to an
Immunological problems bother million people of different ages and races around the whole world. Many tools are used to investigate, understand, and predict infectious and autoimmune diseases based on antibody-protein interactions (1). Some immune responses can be ineffective or even dangerous to people (2), and the aim of immunoinformatics is to develop computational methods (3). Antibodies in human blood interact with antigens (epitopes) (1). B-cell and T-cell epitopes should be identified in the immune system as a considerable factor in vaccine design and a possibility to replace a whole pathogen (3, 4). Despite the already achieved progress in the field of immunoinformatics, epitope prediction remains a challenge for many clinical and biomedical researchers. Computational algorithms include support vector machines (SVMs), Position Specific Scoring Matrices (PSSMs), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), epimatrix algorithm, and numerous quantitative matrices. A variety of studies about immunogenicity and therapeutic interventions can be used as a theoretical background for the current projec
Globalization is the integration of regional economies through trade by reduction of international trade barriers in order to increase material wealth of the people and improve the economies of the nations through good global relations, competition and specialization. The objective of globalization is to enhance the interdependence, business operations and connectivity on an international level with respect to the socioeconomic, cultural, religion, biological, environmental and scientific aspects (Fiss, & Hirsch, 2005, p. 46). Globalization started in a primeval form especially after the first human settlement in various parts of the world. However, today global economy comprises not only economic aspects or global marketplace but also communication revolution, which is the driving force. For instance, the turning point was the late 1960s and early 1970s, when Nora Quebral set up the first effective communications satellite, which made possible direct communication from one part of the world to another. According to Clark (1998), ‘‘that changed more or less the whole of late 20th century history’’ (p. 488). In addition, Soviet Union declined because it could only compete in the old industrial economy but not in the new global electronic world. Communication transformation has enhanced interaction among the regions and has brought a paradigm shift of handling issues especially in the 20th century (Alexander, & Korine, 2008, p. 76). Advancement in technology has made the current globalization be very much intense, steady and rapid. It has become international dynamic with all the continents either affected or engaged. Primarily, there was less trade in the global money markets compared to the current situation, where about trillion dollars turned over daily. While globalization has its own merits and demerits, the paper tables the many benefits and costs of globalization as depicted in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century global economy. Specification of an Economic model In comprehending the benefits and costs of globalization, economic modeling gives a coherent and abstract pattern of isolating and arranging complex causes and effects within various interrelated elements in an economy. Although economists have used empirical, visual, mathematical models among others, simulation model provides a more clear relationship between globalization, poverty and inequality, and the factors for high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Stulz, 2009, p. 375). Since simulation modeling exemplifies the best elements of mathematical, empirical and other quantitative models, its manipulations do not require proficiency in mathematics. Therefore, in my view, computer simulation is most appropriate in determining nation’s economic changes due to globalization as it allows a person to test for short-term and long-term effects, and to alter a whole range of variables at his or her convenience compared to other models, which suffer from lack of precision and reliability (Routledge, & Francis, 2001, p. 120).
Introduction The topic of criminal personality is one of the central issues in criminology. There are different theories of criminal personality. To start with, the theory of heredity and crime has always found its supporters and opponents. Thus, according to Kaye (2006), the proofs of the connection between heredity and criminality are found in the tests and experiments carried out with animals. The author states the connection between the human and animal genetics and concludes that human criminality can be to some reasonable extent conditioned by heredity. At the same time, other scholars oppose this viewpoint saying that to become a criminal it does not take to inherit some genes from ascendants but rather to live in the environment favorable for criminal behavior formation and development¹. The same is about the so called crime gene. Some researchers reject its existence 2 , while others prove it by examining the brain activities under the influence of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) which makes people with high rates of this substance in their brain reactions be more inclined for violent crime. However, my opinion on this point is the crime gene exists as people growing up in positive environments often become criminals which can be explained only by their personal peculiarities (Kaye, 2006). Main body Consequently, the theory of class impact on the formation of criminal behavior is heavily criticized by numerous scholars. For example, the book by Andrews and Bonta (2007), considers all the fallacies of this theory, and comes to the conclusion that social class has little relation to the formation of criminal personality. It is explained by the main ecological fallacy of this theory which lies in studying the whole class in general but exemplifying it with specific persons who may or may not display features characteristic of a certain class. Thus, a representative of the poor class is regarded as a potential criminal while a person from the upper class is treated with respect although his inclination to crime might be higher due to people he communicates with or psychological peculiarities he displays. It is true, however, that low income classes display higher crime rates, but this is usually conditioned not by income level but with the environment these classes develop in, i. e. poverty, violence, stress, depression, etc. However, the influence of lack of education and differences in IQ level are evident for criminal behavior formation. Thus, scholars argue that people, especially juveniles, with low IQ levels are more inclined to resort to violence and commit crime more often that people with either medium or high IQ 3 . The correlate of criminal behavior can be found in low IQ levels because people with the lack of knowledge can often misinterpret the situation, choose the wrong way to act in a critical situation or have confused values that contradict the social norms and legisl
When considering a strategy of a future organization, it is crucial to take a number of aspects into consideration. These aspects include such items as the pricing strategy of the future enterprise (which will also have an impact on the quality of the product, the costs needed for its manufacturing, the amount of goods manufactured, and so on), the way in which the image of the company will be created and maintained, and the manner in which additional market share will be gained for the products created by the business. First of all, it is paramount to discuss the pricing strategy which the Glo Bus company will utilize once it enters the market. It is planned to set the prices of products for consumers at a level that is higher than the lowest prices of similar products that are sold in the market, but, at the same time, is lower than the average prices on similar products. For instance, if the average price in North America is $285 per unit, and the lowest price is $220 per unit, then the prices may be set at a level of approximately $240-260 per unit. This strategy has a significant advantage of being able to attract a large number of consumers and stimulate them to purchase the product, simultaneously not scaring them off by too low prices, for the latter may be perceived as a sign of low quality by a large number of clients. Next, it is impo
Introduction The Walt Disney Entertainment Company is the largest media conglomerate in the world that owns theme parks, studios, television networks and producer of entertainment products. The essay is about the businesses, the products, the sales territory and the target market of Walt Disney. The major competitors of Walt Disney, the markets as well as financial performance will be analyzed. In addition, there is a discussion on the management of the company as well as the influence of management on financial performance of the company. Summary of the Company. The Walt Disney Company began as a cartoon studio in the year 1920 and grew to be the largest media in the world. The company had begun offering the Alice in wonderland cartoons when the Mickey Mouse animations branded it the best producer of family entertainment products. Since then the company has produced different types of family entertainment products that have recorded increased sales and made it generate huge amount of revenue. The corporate objectives of the company are to provide entertainment products that will improve the family welfare and encourage children to be responsible members of the society (Koenig 30). The products The Company has several types of products and services, which are demanded by customers due to high quality. The first segment of the company products are the television networks where the company is the owner of the American Broadcasting Corporation. The company has also purchased shares in the ESPN, and owns of Hyphenation books. Other than the media networks which earn the company advertizing revenues, the company is a producer of family ent