ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The term suburbia comes from the word suburb, whereby it can be described as the residential areas that are located in areas found a little bit far from the centers of large cities or even towns. The suburbs in the United States of America and Britain developed as a result of the construction of the railway line and trolleys as well as roads. They are usually characterized by lower population as compared to the areas found within the city centers. The critiques of the suburbia that were made both in the United States of America and Britain believed that the suburbs were mostly occupied by the individuals in the middle class in the nineteenth century. They both also greatly believed that the suburbs were not good places to stay. In addition, most of them claim that the suburbs are linked or meant for the people who live in the long-established solitary-family units, so it is not a place for everybody. However, the differences that occurred between critics of suburbia in the United States and Britain largely outweighed the similarities. In the United States, some the critics such as James Kunstler have taken advantage of recent and normal phenomena to make a bad impression of the suburbs. For example, the higher rates at which people are abolishing the customary practice of staying in solitary-family units. They are really encouraging this abolishment because it will help bring to an end the issue of suburbs, since it is mostly characterized by single family units. Kunstler has also greatly criticized the suburbia because in his point of view, he says that the growth of suburbs leads to global warming as well as the involvement that the United States has with the Middle East. He also says that with the increment in the energy costs, the places that will be adversely affected are the suburbs. Kunstler, however foresaw or guessed that in future, all the suburbs in the United States of America would come to an end, and they would open up a new chapter whereby the old traditional cities that used to exist will be revived. For this matter, Kunstler strictly warned people to leave these places because they were unhealthy. In Britain, we find that some critics of the suburbs were a little bit different from those ones in America in that, they both looked at it from all the perspectives whereby they discussed the advantages and disadvantages though the disadvantages outweighed the advantages. For example, television stations in Britain though viewed the suburbs as good places to stay, they used to say that those places were very boring and the residents have developed adoptive features towards this kind of residential area. More so, suburbs that existed in Britain were criticized even by musicians, a case that did not apply to the Americans. The musicians took advantage of this to make them salable by composing songs that were against suburbia. We also find that in the year 1994, Eric Bogosian wrote and directed a movie that depicted suburbs as places that did not have actual life targets or even trend. So we can say that the issue of suburbia was greatly criticized in Britain than in the United States because it was done from all canners.
Introduction and Project Overview Planning public events in the form of auctions is a challenging task because of involving the large audience. The Majlis Auction is a specific type of an auction organized for more than 45 participants that has been planned to take place in the Majlis at Dubai World Centre ( The Majlis 2018). It is important to note that the Majlis Auction is a unique event that has no precedents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in general and in Dubai in particular. The conceptual idea and mission of this event are associated with providing a wide public with an opportunity to buy used and new luxurious handbags. These bags include the variations of Hermès Birkin and Kelly models of bags, as well as authentic Chanel, Dior, and Louis Vuitton bags. This report provides the details on how this event has been planned to be realized through completing such phases as analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, and what outcomes are achieved. Thus, this event is important to be conducted in order to set a precedent for the UAE and the Middle Eastern region in general for organizing similar for-profit auctions in certain communities. The key objective of this project is to provide the detailed description of the steps related to analyzing the need for the auction, planning the event, implementing the Majlis Auction, and evaluating the results. The focus is on determining, describing, and justifying the main phases in the project implementation with reference to such expected outcomes as the identification of strengths and weaknesses of the event in terms of profitability. Project Scope and Objectives In order to plan and organize this project effectively, it was necessary to pay much attention to assessing the community’s need for conducting a certain type of events in order to guarantee its success. Therefore, the project development started with analyzing a variety of posts in social media and other community resources regarding available possibilities to buy authentic luxurious handbags and events designed as an auction. The analysis of primary data in the form of social media posts and messages, as well as interviews with local stylists, buyers, and retailers, has accentuated some important aspects. In spite of the popularity of authentic Hermès , Chanel, Dior, and Louis Vuitton bags, it is rather problematic to buy these original goods in the region even if they are not new. The analysis of secondary data from the literature on organizing events has showed that an auction can be selected as an appropriate type of events for connecting sellers and buyers of authentic handbags. An auction is also appropriate for involving as many target community members as possible for the purpose of participating in collaborative for-profit relationships. After selecting the topic for the event and its type, it was important to determine the tasks associated with realizing the event and identifying the members of the te
Pursuing a career in the global organization imposes numerous challenges and hinders the aspects that are critical to consider for an individual and the community. Today, the global world possesses different companies that work among cultures and provide their products or services in different cultural contexts. It is crucial to understand that “national culture influences management and business strategies,” including the way the manager evaluate the situations and respond to challenges (Apetrei et al., 2015). Thus, if a company has business in the areas with diverse cultural backgrounds, it needs to respond to the trends, preferences, and characteristics of the chosen culture. Apple is one of the global companies that carry their operations and sells products and services in different parts of the world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a future career as an art director in Apple in China, accounting for the intercultural context of the company, its features, and global relationships. First, it is critical to observe the primary activities of the organization and the responsibilities of an art director. Apple Inc. represents an iconic corporation, and, in 2015, it was acknowledged as “the world’s most valuable brand,” which implies that Apple’s products are recognized on an international level (Clarke & Boersma, 2017, p. 112). Hence, it is possible to say that the company has a tough job to perform to meet the demands and preferences of their target market among different cultures. For instance, advertisement campaigns should focus on different things while introducing new products in the US and China. People have different perceptions of what is attractive, what are the most significant advantages and features of a particular product. As a result, the art director needs to be able to understand the customers’ needs and triggers when it comes to advertising a new item or service. The position of art director in a global organization implicates the responsibility for the art production, such as necessary posters selection, new ideas or ways of promoting the products, or unique campaigns for a specific item. In the case of Apple Inc., it is crucial to ensure that the candidate for this position clearly understands cultural differences and can adapt their operations and strategies to the context. Operating within the intercultural atmosphere is a process that entails various skills and knowledge about communication. Understanding effective cross-cultural communication is essential for the art director in a global organization. It can provide a vital competitive advantage and “enables a company to explain more succinctly to the customers the differences and superiority” of the brand and products (Kei & Yazdanifard, 2015, p. 8). Thus, one should mention that understanding all those aspects play a crucial role in working in the art department in a global context. Different opportunities and experience
Long before Western Europe became the epicenter for canonical literature, men like Plato, Socrates, and Machiavelli were writing about the virtues and downfalls of being a righteous man in society. These men all had their own goals in mind in creating their work. For Machiavelli, it was a gift to an impending ruler, the new Medici prince, on whom Machiavelli wished to bestow all the knowledge he had on how to be a powerful and respected leader. Plato sought to celebrate the teachings of his great master Socrates, and develop his philosophical ponderings on the tenets of good citizenship. Both Plato and Machiavelli, in The Last Days of Socrates and The Prince respectively, present us with concepts about how to conduct oneself in accordance to the leadership, exhibiting evident similarities and differences that show us how a citizen should conduct one’s self under a Machiavellian type of leadership. In The Apology, Socrates stands before a jury of his peers accused of “committing an injustice, in that he inquires into things below the earth and in the sky, and makes the weaker argument the stronger, and teaches others to follow his example” (Plato 35). Despite the connotations our modern-day language provides for the title, it is meant to be interpreted with its original meaning as a sort of explanation behind one’s actions. This is an important distinction to make because Plato does not depict Socrates asking for forgiveness, but rather proving his belief that he did nothing deserving of the death penalty. The Apology serves simply as an account of Socrates’ trial before his death at first glance, but the real contribution it makes to the image of the Socratic citizen is seen in the way Socrates responds to his charges. In an almost humorous way, Socrates explains that he could not be accused of being a sophist because they are wise and rich and he is unwise and poor, and later suggests that his punishment should be the equivalent of a few free meals. This behavior that Plato portrays in Socrates tells us that the Socratic citizen is defiant of authority by using logic. In a Machiavellian society where the ruler considers himself all-powerful, the Socratic citizen will use rationale to disprove erroneous charges that a Machiavellian ruler may throw out just to get rid of someone who is causing a problem. A Socratic citizen will also pride honesty above all else, and will not demean his virtue by admitting to an accusation he believes is false even if it causes trouble. Though Machiavelli believed that whatever steps were necessary between the prince’s current position and ultimate power were acceptable, he also mentions that a leader should be able to know the difference between right and wrong. “A prince must have the discernment to recognize the good or bad in what another says or does even though he has no acumen himself” (Machiavelli 211). By this Machiavelli means that a prince should be aware of the true nature of those he sur
The mitral valve is part of the human heart that regulates the blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. However, when a person has mitral valve prolapse (MVP), part of the mitral valve finds its way into the left atrium, bulging with each heartbeat. Mitral valve prolapse is different from mitral valve stenosis as in the second case, the mitral valve is not loose but stiff and constrained. In the case of MVP, the bulging into the left atrium is attributed to the inability of two valve flaps of the mitral valve to close smoothly and evenly. This paper will examine the causes and symptoms of this condition and provide basic guidelines for diagnosis and treatment including advice on lifestyle changes in patients. Causes and Symptoms For most of the patients with MVP, it is almost impossible to find the underlying cause. However, there is evidence that there might be a certain genetic predisposition towards developing mitral valve prolapse, and namely, abnormally flexible valve flaps or connective tissue diseases. Some studies point to the probable inheritable nature of this condition as it may run in families (Dina et al., 2015). A share of people affected by MVP also displays slight deformities in their other body tissues such as bones. Lastly, some researchers claim that there is some connection between the Marfan syndrome – a genetic disorder of the connective tissue – and mitral valve prolapse (Dina et al., 2015). Mitral valve prolapse symptoms are usually from barely noticeable to mild. If present, typical symptoms include irregular heartbeat and palpitations, fatigue, dizziness, weakness, and panic attacks characterized by a sudden feeling of extreme anxiety. Diagnosis and Treatment Mitral valve prolapse is usually an asymptomatic disorder that can go unnoticed by patients for years on end. For the majority of those who are affected by this condition, the situation is far from life-threatening and does not require urgent medical intervention. Since the symptoms are mild and usually do not compel a person to seek medical help immediately, the majority of MVP cases are discovered during routine checkups. With a stethoscope, a medical professional may hear the slight murmur and the clicking noise, and an ultrasound of the heart helps to confirm the diagnosis (Huether & McCance, 2017). The majority of MVP patients do not need any treatment and should only monitor their condition with regular doctor appointments. However, in some cases, blood leakage and tissue deformity might be so severe that a patient may need MVP replacement surgery. As for the patients with non-life-threatening cases of MVP, a doctor might suggest lifestyle changes to accommodate the disorder. For instance, they need to pay attention to their blood pressure and keep it low. Another thoughtful piece of advice might include adopting healthier dietary habits. Conclusion Mitral valve prolapse is a non-life-threatening condition with mild symptoms. MVP is characterized by the inability of two valve flaps to close properly which lea
It is hard not to think about the Enron and Arthur Andersen debacle when looking into the ever increasing complexity of compliance frameworks (Cole, 2014). Although many people were shocked by the white-collar crimes committed in one of the biggest companies in US history, one can also argue that Enron executives were not immune to such temptations. They tasted power and the financial benefits that comes with managing one of the fastest growing companies in the 1990s (Hays & Ariail, 2013). Thus, there was pressure to keep up the good work, or in their case, to keep up appearances. The most shocking part is not the criminal activity of unscrupulous corporate leaders at Enron, but how they were able to get away with it for so long. It was a punch in the gut for many regulators when they discovered that Enron was able to deceive so many for an extended period of time because of the help of the accounting firm Arthur Andersen (Hays & Ariail, 2013). The Enron and Arthur Andersen debacle justified the ever increasing complexity of auditing requirements, such as the new ruling from the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board or PCAOB that mandated the disclosure of the engagement partner that handled a particular audit. It is important to find out if the revelation improves the quality of the auditing process and level of accountability as perceived by the insiders and corporate leaders of the accounting firm in order to garner support for the new measure. PCAOB’s New Rule Before its fall from grace, Arthur Andersen was a revered accounting firm (Hays & Ariail, 2013). Due to the integrity of former leaders, the company became a gold standard in the world of auditing firms. Without a doubt, Enron benefited from its association with Arthur Andersen. Shareholders, creditors, and other stakeholders found a higher level of assurance every time they remembered Arthur Andersen’s stamp of approval on Enron’s financial statements. However, after several decades of success and expansion into the global market, Arthur Andersen underwent a transformation that resulted in a hybrid business model that allowed the firm to act as Enron’s auditor, and at the same time, the energy company’s consultant (Hays & Ariail, 2013). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was specifically crafted to address the legal loopholes that were uncovered during the corporate fraud trials concerning Enron and Arthur Andersen (Hays & Ariail, 2013). A decade or so after the Enron and Arthur Andersen’s corporate scandal, numerous laws and regulations were ratified or implemented in order to prevent a repeat of the accounting-related problems that rocked the financial world at the turn of the 21 st century. However, there is no such thing as being overly cautious in the world of corporate finance
Have you ever wondered why some people have certain flexibility of mind? They can see problems from various standpoints, understand many views on a matter, and can find a suitable solution to a problem relatively easily. Good command of a foreign language is the major contributor to the person’s flexibility of mind, memory capacity, and ability to adapt to ever-changing circumstances. While it is true that there are numerous study areas for a student to become proficient in, having a good command of a foreign language enhances the overall learning capacity and may even improve your health.  1. Studying any foreign language improves your memory and can even prevent a possible onset of Alzheimer’s disease (Jha par. 2).  2. Studying a foreign language improves your ability to understand complex concepts and ideas in other fields of study (Bialystok and Martin 1).  3. Studies have shown that learning foreign languages modifies the gray matter, responsible for processing the information in the brain (“Learning Languages ‘Boosts Brain’” par. 3).  4. People with a good command of a foreign language can manage their daily schedules more effectively and even make smarter financial decisions (Woodruff par. 1). (Speaking a foreign language not only improves your overall learning capacity but is also an asset to your professional resume.) Learning a foreign language enhances your career prospects, including potentially higher salary (“What Is a Foreign Language Worth?” par. 9).  1. Speaking at least one foreign language gives you a competitive edge in comparison with other candidates for the job position you choose.  2. Speaking a foreign language improves your decision-making process (Caldwell-Harris par. 2), thereby enhancing your ability to reach a compromise in difficult situations.  3. It can boost your confidence regarding your professional performance.  4. It can improve your teamwork skills, which is extremely useful in a work setting in your future career.  5. Being proficient in a foreign language may result in getting an internship position abroad, which will improve your professional competence. (However, the advantages of learning a foreign language are not at all limited to the areas of your life involving work and studies. A foreign language opens up a whole new world of experience, the most exciting of which is traveling.) Speaking a foreign language gives you an opportunity to discover foreign cultures while traveling.   * Speaking the local language when traveling is a unique opportunity to learn about a particular foreign culture in a profound way.   * By communicating with locals in their language, you can gain insights into their t
The mandatory patent license issued by India to Nexavar bears several legal implications. According to the legal provisions on Patents Act in section 84 of the Indian laws, the price of the drug was too high and beyond the reach of most Indians. Also, this section of the Patents Act highlights that a compulsory license may be issued to a particular drug if the invention or intellectual property deal was not originated within the home county. The two provisions captured the case of Sorafenib that was traded using the name Nexavar (Chaves and Oliveira 54). The market price of the drug was relatively high compared to the generic versions of the drug manufactured locally. For instance, Nexavar was trading at slightly over $5,000 US per patient per month, while the generic one was going for only $165 per patient per month. The huge difference in market price triggered the litigation process because the state argued that it was not reasonably affordable. Nonetheless, the aspect of compulsory license has been vividly addressed in section 84 of India’s Patent Act. To begin with, when a patent has been granted for three years, any interested individual is free to apply to the Controller requesting the concerned department to impose a mandatory license to a patent. However, such a request ought to be within the provisions of the law as stated in section 84. If any person feels that public interest has not been satisfied by a given patent, then he or she can forward an application for a compulsory license (“Trips: Text of the Agreement” par. 5). Second, the law requires that any given patent should be readily affordable to members of the public. If the cost of purchasing the product is beyond the r