ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Technology and art have coexisted in every age. Even when the science of technical innovation was imperfect, it had a great impact on traditional art forms such as painting. Yet, it is the same impetus of innovation that has shaped film and photography as powerful mediums for human empowerment and expression. Western culture is now being reshaped by a comparatively young medium like film which itself has been overtaken by more sophisticated technological invention. The article explores the constantly evolving pace of technical change, which shapes a medium like film and where possibly it could go. A thing about change is that change is constant. It is more relevant in the world of popular culture and media. The latest technological innovation is gobbled up by the next great idea and special effects in movies are one such element. Background Under such parameters the special effects in movies are growing its influence rapidly and the audience like it with ever developing technologies. This is possible only because of the fact that in technology’s new dispensation, everything is only data, capable of being manipulated and compressed into digital forms for better viewing or better sound and even better visual extravaganza. One such example is the movie ‘300’. Zack Snyder dire
Albert Fish was born as Hamilton Howard Fish in Washington, D.C. on 19 May 1870. Most of his family members had a standing history of mental instability; for example, his uncle suffered from religious obsession, a brother was admitted in a mental hospital, another brother had suffered from hydrocephalus, which had made him to pass on. More so, his sister had a mental affliction, three “other close relatives suffered from chronic mental illnesses, and his mother was believed to suffer frequent aural and/or visual hallucinations” (Chamblee, 2004). Fish’s mother, forced to look for another source of livelihood due to her inability to take care of her son following the death of his father, took him to Saint John’s orphanage in Washington. While here, Albert together with other boys could be frequently battered and whipped in front of one another by their teachers. He eventually came to relish physical pain from the communal beatings and related sadistic acts of brutality. By 1880, his mother got a fairly better government job and was able to take care of him; however, his behavior started to take a negative twist more so due to the kind of relationships he established, for instance, he adopted weird practices like taking human urine and “visiting public baths where he could watch other boys undress” (Wilson (1988). By 1890, Fish had arrived in New York City, where he became a male prostitute; and at the same time began defiling and murdering young boys, a crime he kept committing not necessarily seeking sexual gratification, but because he enjoyed feeding on flesh of children (Hopkins, 2003, p. 3). First incarceration Even after starting his professional life as a house painter, Fish’s ‘appetite’ for assaulting young children especially boys continued to grow; moreover his attention turned to mentally ill men, with a case in point being the relationship he had with a mentally impaired man, who at a given time he attempted to castrate. As if this was not enough, Fish started visiting brothels frequently where he could be whipped and flogged; and in 1903, “he was arrested for embezzlement and was sentenced to incarceration in Sing Sing” (Kray, 2007). In 1917, Fish’s wife left him for John Straube, a rejection that caused him to start indulging in self-harm; for instance, he would always insert pins in his groin and removing them, a behavior that persisted until he could no longer remove the pins he had inserted (Newton, 2006, p. 78). Moreover, his psychological problems that involved elusions and hallucinations grew so much that he began to abduct, castrate, and torture young boys, a practice he claimed to have been directed by spiritual voices. Early att
Sequestration refers to the act of mandatory use of money cuts in the budget in a situation where the government cost of running becomes more than the amount provided for expenses 1 . In this case, government expenditure becomes higher than the gross revenue in the yearly budget. The government is a body that has various expenses across the country. Even though the government receives money from the public and use it in its activity for the general good of the state, it sometimes becomes in need of funds for its expenses. In such situations, the government will need to get financial support from other sources. Therefore, Sequestration is one of the acts taken by the government in the time it is on a financial crisis to remedy the situation. It can also be defined as a general cancelation of the resources reflected in the budget in a given percentage. A multiplier model is a type of model which makes use of the assumption that there is a constant price level for all products. This model is represented on a graphical display and shows the various effects of the multiplier with the AS/AD model. In this case, if an increase in expenditure is experienced, it means that there will be a decrease or increase by more than the original change of the real income because of the multiplier 2 . As stated earlier, sequestration comes about when there is a governmental increase in expenditure which leads to cutting of the budget prices. Therefore, this will mean that aggregate expenditure is more than the aggregate production in the multiplier model. Also, the multiplier equation will not balance. The multiplier model takes an assumption of assuming a constant leveled price in the long and short-run. The short-run equilibrium takes place when the aggregate income or production becomes equal to the found aggregate expenditure. Short-run refers to the small period with which the factors that affect the Multiplier model have not yet fully brought effect on the economy 3 . That is, some factors are variable and other fixed and have a direct effect on the model. The figure below shows a graph of real expenditure against real income. In this case, the equilibrium is at the point where AP intersects with AE. Here, the total expenditure (AE) is equal to the Aggregate income (AP) in the short- run. The forty-five degrees line provides the position within which the equilibrium lies. In the long-run (figure 2), when all the factors come in place, the actual income is equal to the expected income indicating the equilibrium 4 . Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model. This is a model that gives an explanation of the changes in the price level and the output in an economy. In a bid to explain this, it makes use of the relationship between aggregate demand and suppl 5 . Therefore, in explaining the effect of sequestra
Peer Review of Paper The paper devoted to “An Audit of the Accessibility of the College of the North Atlantic-Qatar to Individuals with Physical Disabilities” is structurally divided into logical parts disclosing gradual analysis of researched data related to the topic. Organizational issues seem to meet the requirements of academic writing style; the paper depicts the following parts: Introduction Body Part: Two Campuses, The Rights of the Physically Disabled in the Sate of Qatar, Disabilities, Faculty Specific. Conclusion and Recommendations It should be noted that structural presentation of the paper is considered to be one of the most important elements of the paper because it allows following the logical thought of the research paper. Analyzing the references of the paper it is important to stress its strengths and weaknesses. The paper in not properly cited as some references are missing in the text, for example, The P
Introduction Over the past decades, there has been a mounting interest in the impact of culture on the psychological, mental and physical health of individuals, especially in circumstances where such individuals leave their internalized cultural orientation to embrace new culture. This scenario, largely referred to as culture shock, is known to affect international students and sojourners who, although characteristically only temporary separated from their mother country, suffer from numerous stressors associated with moving into a different culture (Pantelidou & Craig 777). Due to overbearing variations between the internalized and foreign cultures, such individuals suffer from an allay of often negative experiences, including the strain and stress of adapting to the new culture, a profound sense of loss, apprehension and impotence arising from incapacity to cope with the new environment, confusion in self-identity, and a feeling of being rebuffed or abandoned by members of the new culture (Winkelman 121). This paper aims to compare and contrast different aspects of the U.S. and South African cultures with a view to extrapolate how culture shock is experienced by South Africans coming to the U.S. A Comparison of the Two Cultures The move to a new environment, hence to a new culture, is cited by anthropologists and other social researchers as one of the most traumatic events in a person’s life. Coming from South Africa to study or live in the U.S., most individuals will attest to the fact that culture shock is inevitable. More than anything else, “…the multicultural nature of society in the united states creates daily cross-cultural conflict and immersion, making cultural shock an important source of interpersonal stress and conflict for many” (Winkelman 121). Although South Africa is also known for its ethnic and cultural diversity, her identities are typically dominated by conceptions of race (Narunsky-Laden 5). More importantly, student sojourners headed for the U.S. soon realize that multiculturalism implies totally divergent things in both countries, thus end up experiencing culture shock. In the home culture, multiculturalism often refers to a mosaic of diverse cultures living within a multihued nation, while in the U.S., sojourners come to realize multiculturalism intrinsically implies lots of people with different colored faces and traditions living together (Ulin 809). This conceptual variation is difficult enough when the sojourner is conscious of the differences beforehand, but even more difficult when the sojourner is unaware and fallaciously assumes that cultural diversity in the U.S. operates under the same tenets as it does in South Africa. Indeed, students and other sojourners who are ill prepared to face the multicultural nature of society in the U.S. soon realize that culture is more often a source of variance than of synergy. Moving on, body language and non-verbal communication are
Introduction At the moment, the cosmetics market in the U.S is one of the fastest-growing spheres of business. In 2016, the U.S was called the most valuable beauty and personal care market in the world (“Statistics & Facts”). The annual beauty and personal care market revenue comprises about $84 billion (“Statistics & Facts”). Moreover, it is expected that by 2024 the market will be worth $85 billion (“Size of the global color cosmetic make-up market”). In addition, by the end of 2016, the U.S. cosmetic market was employing about 63,816 people (“Size of the global color cosmetic make-up market”). LOreal, Unilever, Procter & Gamble Co, and Shiseido Companies are the most potent actors determining the further evolution of the sphere. Among the retailers working in this sphere, Ulta Salon, Cosmetics & Fragrance are the leading brands (“Statistics & Facts”). Furthermore, Maybelline, L’Oréal, and Cover Girl are the brands that enjoy the highest levels of customer recognition (“Statistics & Facts”). Therefore, regarding Shiseidos potential entry to the U.S. market, it is critical to determine demographics key features, main motivational factors, and ways to reach the market. Specifically, Shiseido’s target customer segment is comprised of individuals (mostly women) older than 26 and characterized by a high level of income. Shiseido envisions itself as a brand that suggests exclusive and expensive products to consumers with the respective spending capacity. The majority of individuals who belong to the target audience have a luxurious lifestyle. This category possesses an extremely high purchase potential. The brands popularity, outstanding quality of suggested products, and desire to remain attractive are the leading factors that motivate customers to buy Shiseidos products. Under these conditions, the company could carve out a niche of a luxurious and popular brand that suggests high-quality products to all customers who are concerned about their appearance and want to remain attractive. It could help Shiseido reach the market and acquire a stable income. Competitive Landscape The high level of rivalry peculiar to the beauty and personal care market demands an improved understanding of the competitive landscape. At the moment, Chanel and LOreal could be considered the leading rivals. Chanel SWOT analysis Strengths As a brand
Introduction Planning approaches for the health care programs are generally regarded to be the essence of the planning principles and strategic planning. The planning principles, which are described in the textbook are close to the principles of planning for business purposes and strategic planning for any sphere of human activity. This paper aims to regard the planning approach, and describe the ideal situation, which suits the best for the selected approach. Planning Approach First, before the description of the planning approaches the following statement by Thierauf (2006, p, 451) should be emphasized: There are a variety of perspectives, models and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is developed depends on the nature of the organization’s leadership, culture of the organization, complexity of the organization’s environment, size of the organization. Goals-based planning is probably the most common and starts with focus on the organization’s mission, goals to work toward the mission, strategies to achieve the goals, and action planning. From this perspective the MAPP approach was selected for the discussion. Originally, this abbreviation stands for the Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership. The fact is that, this planning technique is intended for the elaboration of the cooperative environment for the elaboration of the particular strategies and further implementation of the taken decisions within the frames of the given community or environment. From the point of view of the approaches, which are used for this planning technique, the ideal environment will be the cooperative community, which is created with the aim of mutually advantageous cooperation and the promotion of the particular ideas for making this cooperation more fruitful, advantageous and effective. (Strategic Planning in Environmental Regulation, 2007) Originally, the planning and partnership processes are regarded to be incompatible, as every party of any agreements prefers planning in accordance with its interests and expectations, while cooperation presupposes the pursue of some single and common goal. Thus, the ideal situation for Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership is the situation when numerous participants do not have any personal goals, and their actions are directed precisely for the achievement of the common goal. Description The program which was selected for the analysis provides the opportunity for using the joint efforts for the achievement of the selected aims. Originally, this planning approach requires team playing, and acting within the frames of collective interests and purposes, while the personal interests may be directed only in the course of the common aims. I
Resources Successful implementation of the healthcare information system requires the allocation of the necessary resources according to the developed plan and design (Alexander, Rantz, Flesner, Diekemper, & Siem, 2007). For the purpose of this project, the ad hoc members constitute the major stakeholders that comprise of the system experts, managers, and the end users. The team constitutes a significant aspect of the resource base for the effective implementation of the CIS in the healthcare organization. In this regard, the CIS Development Steering Committee (CDSC) together with the CIS Core Team (CCT) should possess skills required for spearheading the project. The senior management ought to portray skills such as leadership, communication, and necessary HIS training skills. Additionally, the management team should uphold complementary interpersonal skills that encompass relationship, delegation, and change management skills. The skills would assist in the streamlining the multifaceted project through positively influencing the juniors to accommodate the new CIS, foster the management of the project, and create a vision that seeks to improve the healthcare processes (Ludwick & Doucette, 2009). The senior management’s involvement is expected to take place throughout the 23-months project cycle. The HIS vendor and the interface expert should depict their technical skills and expertise in areas like software installation, networking, and interfacing. The benefits of the skills would foster technical support through training, customization of the interface, and enhancing the interoperability aspect of the system (Elliott, Martin, & Neville, 2014). The timeframe for the involvement of the technology resources would cover at least 15 months, especially in the design and implementation phases. The financial management team within the healthcare facility should possess skills like information management, analytical, and cost management. In this case, the financial experts should value accountability, information gathering, and information analysis, and quantitative data analysis. Consequently, the financial aspect of resource management would be nurtured through skills that value cost effectiveness (Ludwick & Doucette, 2009). The financial team’s deployment would be needed throughout the 23-months period of the project. The skills necessary for the chief physician to facilitate effective implementation of the HIS through the end-users include action, leadership, communication, and information management. The end users including nurses
Thematic Analysis As presented in this case study, the Company “cockpit for you” is struggling with multiple problems, which it has to solve in order to achieve its short-term and long-term objectives. The thematic areas that have negative influence on the company should be critically considered by the management in formulating the strategic policies. This is core in organizational development because, if the influences emanating from the thematic areas are not addressed properly, the company risk loosing the targets it sets to achieve. In this regard, the areas include the following. First, restructuring of a company is not easy since the company has to spend a lot of money in consulting for the best option that it should adopt. Moreover, the situation becomes worse if the restructuring is hurriedly done without formulating and following the procedure (Armstrong 2006, p. 27). Considering the latest restructuring measures in the company, the modes of operation and employee relations changed, prompting the workers and management to adjust to the new production system. The alterations also led to changes in the company’s niche market, which affected the overall sales of the products in the market due to stiff competition. The little competition that the company experiences also influences the operations in the organization. This is because limited competition reduces the probability of engaging in creativity and innovation in the production and the delivery of services (Houldsworth & Jirasinghe 2006, p. 77). In fact, it is mainly through competitive business practices, which could enable the workers innovate new ways of manufacturing its products. Lack of healthy competition seemed to promote monopoly in the production of goods in the company and could lead to price fluctuation (Blyton & Turnbull 2006, p. 102). The other area that has negative influence on the organization is the fact that it has a bad reputation as an employer compared to the others operating in the region. For instance, it pays its workers poor salaries, making it less attractive to employees and job seekers. This problem of poor pay for the employees reduces their motivation, thereby interfering with the production of quality goods and low returns due to poor sales (Houldsworth & Jirasinghe 2006, p. 79). Currently, many people are attracted to quality products that guarantee them better utilities and value for their money. As pointed out in the case, the company is still very marked, and owner-initiative and creativity of the employees are not valued or even blocked. This aspect is very detrimental to the success of the organization because the practice limits the workers’ participation in decision making (Blyton & Turnbull 2006, p. 108). An employee whose ideas are valued would be motivated to propose for better means of production and service delivery, thus being able to contribute positively in an attempt to fulfill the company goals. In the organization, there was a corporate culture that the employees and the management identified with (Legge 2005, p. 105). Essentially, it is the organizational culture t
Arguments for and Against Democracy The proponents of it, see democracy as good and very important. It enables individuals to decide what is good for them. Others argue that people don’t know what is in their best interests. Also, the definition of autonomy to various individuals differs. For example, democracy cannot in itself ensure that each individual will prevail. Democracy provides a mechanism for solving group conflicts and social differences. It offers a channel for open discussion and expression of diverse ideas for better decision making. But then, the value of democracy in theory is very different in practice. Even when there is economic growth, it has always been accompanied by social inequality, embezzlement of public wealth and grand corruption. Public dissatisfaction with how democracy works has been evident with the various civil protests on hampered economic growth, social inequality and the subsequent emergence of criminal gangs. Some just waive their constitutional right to vote. In fact, most individuals believe in the rule by the technocratic elite as compared to democracy. Democracy’s ability to result to economic sustainability is contentious. This I because the heavy taxation often results to reduced productivity. Further, it may not be able to curb inflation through strict policies. Democracy also leads to religious and ethnic conflicts. Economic association and availability of information and transparency and accountability yield economic growth. Without democracy, there is no way of making the government accountable through the electoral process making them wasteful in their economic dealings. Chinese perception of democracy The Chinese citizens favor an economically rich country as opposed to their desire for a democratic society. Freedom is not the only way to measure what is important to a society. Instead, it should be associated with something of value to society. Democracy does not mean much if the citizenry is hungry, sick, uneducated and generally chained with poverty. Chinese scholars argue that how democracy can only be equated to how much individuals are able to make decisions on what they hold important in their life. It is the abilities that one has to make his own individual choices on the things that we value and hold in high regard. People associate leaders with individuals who have acted to empower people rather than those who concentrate on economic growth. The Chinese public however, views the government as caretakers and protector other than as owing obligations to them to offer them the basic needs. Chinese movement towards democracy At the beginning, due to the scourge of war, instability and famine facing them, the Chinese people were only concerned with fighting for a peaceful and safe environment th