ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction. Diving into the Psychology of the Hurt Locker : PTSD For those who have seen the terror of war, the given experience is a point of no return – there is no way for one to look at the world in a different view; the bloodbath becomes the only way possible picture of reality. Because of the horrible experience that the characters in The Hurt Locker had, the resulting acute post-traumatic stress disorder comes as a fee for surviving through this hell. Locking their pain within, as if concealing it in a secret locker, the characters are to suffer from the PTSD for the rest of their lives. As a matter of fact, the above-mentioned means that peaceful life becomes impossible for the lead character, the only survivor in the battle, forcing him to leave the realm of the family and enter the battlefield once again. Revealing the Symptoms: Watch the Characters Agonizing However, there is a considerable difference between a movie and reality. In the real world, the people with PTSD are supposed to display certain symptoms that can be attributed only to the specified disorder, case in pint being the PTSD, while in a movie, some symptoms can be more subtle or, on the contrary, exaggerated for the sake of the dramatic atmosphere. Considering The Hurt Locker in particular, one must mention that the key symptoms of the PTSD are revealed quite soon: “Sgt. JT Sanborn: I’m not ready to die, James. SFC William James: Well, you’re not gonna die out here, bro” ( The Hurt Locker ). In addition, the above-mentioned symptoms correspond to the standard PTSD symptoms for the most part, since PTSD patients can be characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors to reduce anxiety (Myers). Concerning the Casual Factors: The Underlying Message There is a rhyme and reason for every change in the life or personality of a human being; the given rule is especially true for mental and psychological disorders, which are, as a rule, a result of a severe psychological trauma (Xenakis). Analyzing the movie, one has to mention that for William James, the leading character, the key factor that caused the PTSD was the war itself, with all its violence, murder and pointless sacrifice. The given state displays a lot of similarities with the definition of key PTSD factors offered by Myers: “The complaints of battled-scarred veterans […] recurring haunting memories and nightmares, a numbed social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and insomnia—are typical of what once was called “shellshock” or “battle fatigue” and now is called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)” (Myers 604), namely, the one that severe war traumas and the explosion to violence lead to a complete reestablishment of one’s life values. The Received Treatment: When Actions Are More Efficient than Medicine As it has been explained above that the PTSD can hardly be cured; in the light of the above-mentioned, it would be a silly idea for a movie claiming to be realistic to the last scene to offer a plot where William is successfully treated or even offered certain medicine. Quite on the contrary, The Hurt Locker makes it obvious that some of the war w
Amazon.com is a company that trades on a wide range of online products such as books, consumer electronics, clothing, and household products, videos, and music. The company is a leader in on-line services. The company has over 900,000 associate programs that it utilizes to connect or having its contents (Cottrill, 2001). Amazon can be influenced by its strength and more so the weaknesses, and threats and opportunities as well. The objective of the firm is based on its competitive advantage, actions, and responses in implementing business strategies of expansion through customer based innovation. Over the past years, Internet security and systems have advanced. Therefore, the inequality of technology distribution worldwide undermines the potential of technology-based companies (Cottrill, 2001). Due to competitiveness of the industry, the sales of these companies will be limited to the best performing nations that have indicated an average of 50% of technology penetration against countries at the bottom that have recorded less that 5% of internet penetration (Patton, 2001). A larger percentage of the global population without access to the Internet services are affected by similar conditions; even though, their potential of becoming potential in the industry is very high (Seybold, 1996). Creating an environment of technology for the affected group could be easier than creating the necessary human capital to implement the use of such infrastructure. This condition has gone beyond budget limitation of institutions and needs an approval of a popular culture (Mintzberg et al, 1998). There is need for technological awareness for customers and business in a crucial business environment in order to encourage Internet penetration through socio-political resolutions (Seipel and Quinn, 2000). In the case of Amazon.com, availability of incentives to understand the technology based business has advanced to profit-based opportunities (Seybold, 1996). Benefits in the industry are attributed to the core stakeholders that could discourage the reliance of customer’s dependence on the online shopping; hence, causing unintended costs that may accrue to the providers of online services (Seipel, and Quinn, 2000). For instance, in countries where the Internet penetration is less, foreign direct investment is required to stimulate the demands for the online business at a crucial level. This direction would be limited to countries where Internet penetration is high while other countries could be reached through improved political ties by involving trade pacts. Thus, a strong lobbying by the government may boost the online industry or a pre-determined priority by a nation to influence changes in the key institutions that support conditions to organize rational market segmentation to underdeveloped or developing nations. This will enhance technology diffusion influenced by the hierarchies in politics that depends on a citizen- driven model of demand since it is able to contain the societal
The analysis for the entry strategy of Domino Pizza is done for the town of Scotsdale, Missouri. The data for the analysis if derived from two sources – American Fact Finder and Bureau of Labor Statistics . We begin with an analysis of the demographic character of Scotsdale. According to the 2010 census data, the total population of the town of Scotsdale is 222. The age-group wise division of the population shows that most of the population is above 20 and below 50 years and then 27% of the population is above 50 but less than 69 years old. The median age of the city, is 42.5 years indicating that most of the people tend to be closer to the age 42 years. The male population is higher compared to the female population, as the male to female ratio is 27:28. Table 1: Age group                 Total  Percentage of total population Below 20 years  55     24.8                           20 to 49 years  89     40.1                           50 to 69 years  61     27.5                           Above 70 years  17     7.7                             The racial composition of the town is almost homogeneous with 99.55 of the population being white and the other 0.5% is American Indians. The total number of households of the town is 81 and 73 out of these are family households. The average household size in the city is 2.74. The median household income is $73,125. Table 2: Household Income Household Income  Percentage of Households Less than $34000  3                        $35000 to $99000  78                       Above $100000     19                        The household income grouped together in two three categories demonstrate that the maximum number of households in the city belong to the income group of $35000 to $99000. Only 3 percent of the households are found with an income below $34000. Regression Analysis A regression analysis is conducted on the producer price index (PPI) of the US for pizza and PPI for soft drinks . The data are considered as the dependent variable for the products, while other variables such as per capital income, population, wages and salaries, and leading index are taken to be the independent variable. A regression analysis is done using MS Excel and the findings are reported below. Table 3: regression analysis of price of Pizza Regression Statistics                                                                                        Multiple R             0.99                                                                                               R Square               0.99                                                                                               Adjusted R Square      0.98                                                                                               Standard Error         3.25                                                                                               Observati
The prevalence of childhood obesity in schools can be compared to an epidemic of a virulent disease on a global scale. Research statistics have shown that on average 15.5% of children aged between five to fifteen in school have body mass indexes reaching 30 or higher, far above the norm of 25 or below. In total, nearly 25 million children around the world can be considered overweight, obese or morbidly obese. In the U.S. and U.K. populations alone the sheer rate of childhood obesity has caused an upsurge in cases associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, heart problems and other maladies associated with being overweight. The source of these problems is threefold namely: eating habits, the sedentary lifestyle of children in the modern era and the lack of proper education on the future problems associated obesity. I encountered this particular topic in various schools I have gone to over the years wherein I saw only a quarter of children who come to school actually opt to eat at the school’s cafeteria. The remainder chooses to either bring their own lunches or have their lunches handed over the fence to them by their parents. Unfortunately, a vast majority of these lunches are composed of unhealthy fast food options which can cause serious health problems when consumed consistently over a long period of time. Lunches that are brought from off campus sources usually consist of various unhealthy food options such as burgers, fries, soft drinks and chips bought from the local Mc Donald’s or a variety of other establishments scattered around the surrounding neighborhood. For me this is a particularly interesting topic since childhood obesity, based on the various online articles I have read, is a growing epidemic which impacts not only the U.S. which is known for its obesity problems but other countries around the world as well. I believe that the source of the problem is that in nearly every town, city and state groceries, shopping malls and fast food restaurants carry some form of junk food that is rapidly consumed by a voracious public that enjoys the taste and convenience of such products. Parents often take their children to such establishments due to their convenience and popularity despite the potential health risks. As a result, children get used to these types of foods early on and carry on their desire to eat such types of foods. This results in them consuming unhealthy and fattening foods on a daily basis resulting in cases of obesity. Due to the various issues related to obesity, a solution must be created in order to help prevent cases of childhood obesity in the future. Response The justification for the developme
Data Type Statistics is a very measurable and quantifiable subject that requires a lot of computation, formulas as well as observations and records. When in a normal situation, we tend to ignore or not notice the things we are a part of and take all of it as granted. However in our daily lives, even the smallest of things can have the largest of impacts. The type of data collected during the last few days is the time it takes me to reach the college. This time is to be recorded in ‘minutes’ and the data is rounded off to the nearest minute. The mode of travel is by car and this data is recorded on a stopwatch which is started when the ignition is turned on of the car. Before starting this study, I thought that it takes me approximately 15 minutes to reach my college. The difference in timings is expected to occur only because of the traffic situation on the road. Assumptions The assumptions for this study are:   * There are six college days in each week   * Sundays are excluded from the list   * Holidays in between the weeks are not accounted for   * The mode of vehicle does not change and neither does the vehicle itself   * There are no modifications, tune-ups or perforce upgrades done on the car   * There are no major acts of traffic disruption like in the case of natural calamities   * The time to leave from home is exactly the same each day The Observations The data recorded each day of the week starting from Monday (except Sundays) are: Variable  Time (minutes) Day 1     21             Day 2     24             Day 3     23             Day 4     23             Day 5     18             Day 6     14             Day 7     23             Day 8     22             Day 9     22             Day 10    24             Day 11    26             Day 12    15              Conclusion The data collected through the two weeks for the 12 days shows the differences in timings of each day. Although the times are very close by each other, they are quite higher than the one expected. As mentioned before I had thought that it takes me around 15 minutes each day to reach my destination, yet this data recorded by me shows that the time to reach the college is way more than this reaching even to 26 minutes on one day. The reason for the differences in timings is mostly due to the traffic situation of each day is different. Also the assumptions taken above not always are exact thus there is always a bit of error involved in the observations. One important thing to be noticed in the study is that the time for Saturday is quite different from the time of other days. The only reason for such a different result for a Saturday and other days is because of the lesser number of cars thus lesser traffic. This may be because that most schools are closed on Saturdays thus easing the traffic situation and make the people reach their destinations quicker.
Introduction The question as to whether science involves values has been a subject of intense debate over the years. As perceived by most scientists, one of the fundamental characteristics of science is objectivity in procedure and findings such that there are no values, perceptions, beliefs, and emotions that could potentially bias the scientific outcome. They support their reasoning with the objectivity argument, which states that science is objective while values are subjective, and as such, science does not involve values (Koertge, 2000). Prominent scientists hold on to the idea that science deals with facts and not values. This suggestion is inherently flawed in light of varied claims that this essay outlines to indicate that science involves values. The study will show how science and values are intertwined. The Counter-Objectivity Claim Emerging theories endorsed by a section of scientists have faulted this basic conception by scientists that science is value-free by questioning the authority of projected scientific methods. Social scientists discredit the view that objectivity is best epitomized through science as misguided. Echoing the same thoughts, Dr. Helen Salvador of Stanford University argues that science involves values in three ways (Cartwright, 1980). To begin with, scientific research is guided by epistemic values. Likewise, she underscores that science inevitably integrates cultural values into practice. This is to say that individual practitioners are the agents of integrating cultural values into science. The position of this study is that the argument that science is a value-neutral realm is logically inconsistent especially when you factor in methodic and human errors, fraud, and environmental variance. Consider the following proposal: Science is an activity that seeks to pursue knowledge that relates to material existence i.e. the objective world (Cartwright, 1980). This is to say, therefore, that science endorses the value of developing knowledge about material existence. It is reasonable to infer that mediating/ proximate values emerge from the ultimate value of science, which is to develop accurate knowledge of material existence. Mediating/ Proximate Values Cartwright (1980) says, mediating values are epistemic values that emerge in the scientific process to augment the ultimate goal of science by way of evaluating the projected claims for accuracy. Specific mediating values include guided observation, controlled experimentation, intervention, and confirmation of projected claims (Longino, 1990). These values are contingent, in part, because they are derived from prior scientific claims. For instance, science tends to disvalue the results of drug trials that do not follow the designated scientific method dubbed the double-blind experimental design. Another mediating value, honesty, is as crucial in science as
Introduction There are various predictions by the World Bank and the World Health Organization that, by 2025, 66% of the world’s population will be without fresh water for drinking. The obvious reaction to this crisis would be to make efforts in conserving existing water supplies, increasing conservation endeavors, assisting vulnerable groups, controlling the population and increasing awareness to the public of the impeding consequences. Nonetheless, this is not the way of thinking of corporations. Instead, corporations are of the opinion of maximizing profits. To imply that these corporations should be left to run this precious resource is an understatement. These natural resources are better left in the hands of the public in order to ensure good use. This paper seeks to look at the various disadvantages of privatizing water. Disadvantages Water Privatization in St Louis Rise in Water Costs It is important to understand that corporations are run solely for profit making. It would therefore be naïve to expect the prices of water to come down. In fact, dividends and income taxes add up to 25% of the operational costs; which is therefore transferred to the consumer. In Missouri, most of the cities have had to drop privatization of water to save money. Similarly, Webb city had to drop privatization after discovering that it was more expensive than public operation (Hausmann 22). Worsening of Water Services The aim of most private companies is to make money. With this in mind it, it is only logical to expect these companies to try cutting down the running costs by either: reducing the work force, using cheap material and causing unnecessary delays in maintenance work. In 1995, the state of Liberty Mo discovered that the private contractor had been exceeding the levels of trihalomethanes an element known to cause cancer. Loss of Jobs In reference to other cities, a private contractor in St Louis is expected to reduce the number of workers or fail to replace those who leave. Typically, privatization results in loss of one in every three workers in the water department (David 15). Veolia’s Poor Record In recent years, Veolia, which is the largest water company, has come under huge public criticism. This is because of its numerous setbacks with the recent one being in its backyard in France. In 2009, Paris ended its contract with Veolia citing poor service delivery and high rates. A similar case occurred in the state of Indianapolis when the state decided to pay off the company $29 million to terminate the contract. The problems with Veolia in Indianapolis were pervasive ranging from: massive cuts of benefits for non-union members to high costs of services (Hausmann 22). Ethical Reasons The Utilitarian theory argues that people ought to act in a certain
Business to Business Marketing Basic Principle #1: Business markets are markets for products and services available in both local and international sources. These are products and services acquired by corporations, government agencies, and institutions for the purpose of consumption, incorporation, use, or resale. This type of business covers the largest market of all, and the only markets that are not of direct interest are those that are related to personal use or consumption, such as items related to home appliances and consumer banking. Basic Principle #2: Corporations like Apple and Samsung purchase industrial goods to form or facilitate the production process for products like Apple computers and Samsung flat TV screens. Corporations like Samsung and Apple acquire components from manufacturers to produce goods and services. Apple and Samsung’s Symbiotic Relationship Apple buys components from Samsung Apple’s iPhone 4 was one of the company’s most successful product. In this graphic, one can see that Apple does not produce any component, and does not assemble the product. Each component was purchased in a business to business framework from other companies. However, Samsung was Apple’s main supplier of computer components. Apple announced the production of new products that are more sophisticated and promises to address other needs. This means that Apple will need more powerful components. In its desire to reduce its dependence on Samsung, Apple attempts to look for other suppliers. However, the company learns soon enough that Samsung makes the best computer chips in the world. Samsung announced the opening of a new factory that will start operating in 2017. The purpose of the new factory is to ramp up production rates, and to satisfy the demand for more sophisticated computer chips and computer components. In order to sustain its position as the number one computer component manufacturer in the world, Samsung requires a steady stream of income. Thus, Samsung needs the purchasing capability of Apple to remain consistent on a yearly basis. Samsung is a major supplier of components to other firms, and therefore its competitive advantage is its ability to scale its production in order to produce cheaper products, such as smartphones and tablets. However, Apple continues to lead the pack in terms of sales of smartphones and tablets, because it focuses its attention on its competitive advantage over other manufacturers. In other words, Apple focuses on the creation of products with elegant design and powerful software that are compatible with the overall design of the product. With regards to the current business environment wherein Apple buys components from Samsung, the company will be hard-pressed to advertise its phones as having better hardware than its competitors. In the context of brand positioning, Apple will strive to appeal to consumer’s perception. By doing so, Apple negates the superior position of Samsung in terms of hardware. Thus, even if the core components and hardware facet of the phones are similar, the consumer will always f
Introduction Society has a fascination with violence, and a wealth of literature is currently available on the topic (Isser & Schwartz, 2008). But while the topic of men-perpetrated violence and murder has been extensively covered in current literature, the coverage of female-perpetrated violence is habitually discriminatory and piecemeal and gravitates towards reflecting the obsessions of a particular period in history rather than major social trends (Pretorius & Botha, 2009). A popular perspective in the past based its evaluations of female criminality on the physiological and psychological nature of women (Keetley, 2008), making it easy to distinguish women who could kill and those who could not. The truth, however, is that many factors may lead a woman to turn into killing and evaluating the physiological and psychological nature of women alone to determine criminal intentions is shallow as demonstrated by current literature (Adinkrah, 2007; Kruttschnitt, 2008 ). This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive liter