ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Today, US multinational corporations are inclined to keep their cash related to the subsidiaries which are located oversees in US dollars and even in US banks (Linebauch). It is possible to determine several reasons for multinational corporations to hold large “foreign” cash balances in US‐dollar accounts. The main reasons are the possibility to preserve money because of different economic situations in foreign countries and reduce the possible economic risks (Linebauch). The next reason is the opportunity to protect the companies’ profits from being taxed in the USA because of the particular features of the tax law. According to the US tax law, these funds are discussed as being located overseas that is why such an approach is the best way to shield the money from tax because only domestic profits can be taxed in relation to the property and funds of multinational corporations (Linebauch). The developed tendency is the real issue for investors because the discussed financial resources cannot be controlled by shareholders. Thus, if the funds are invested overseas, they cannot be discussed as the part of the profits to be shared by the corporation’s shareholders. These profits can contribute to the overall company’s development, but they are not available for shareholders as it is stated in the article (Linebauch). From this point, the practice of keeping subsidiaries’ funds oversees in the US banks and in US dollars is important and rather advantageous for CFOs of the multinational corporations (Linebauch). The reason for the situation is the fact that such a distribution of funds provides po
Abstract Trade liberalization is the free movement of goods and services between countries. While many have argued that trade liberalization opens up industries and markets without many barriers, critics against trade liberalization serves to the advantage of the developed economies while the less developed economies continue to suffer. Some of the factors which have been attributed to criticizing liberalization of trade is the fact that with removal of trade barriers, the structural employment only occurs in the short run while in the long run most people lose their jobs since most of the industries in the less developed economies are unable to compete with similar industries in developed economies especially those found in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Liberalization of trade also leads to overdependence on the international markets. As a result, this makes businesses and employees of the industries in Latin America and other Less Developed Economies become more vulnerable to downturn of the trading partners as it happened with the recession in the USA whose effects were felt through out the world. In contrast to how the proponents argue, trade liberalization does not offer a level playing ground between the developed and the less developed economies. This is due to the fact that most developed countries produce in excess due to their advance technologies and thus most of the time they tend to dump their surplus productions in world markets at very low prices and this leads to losses for the home industries. Finally, trade liberalization serves to the disadvantage of governments in cases of financial crisis. Whereas the people of certain countries would expect the government to protect its internal industries so as to maintain stable employment levels, with trade liberalization this is not possible since introduction of a barrier would be against the objectives of free trade (Nenci & Pietrobelli 5). Economic growth of any country depends on how good or how best that country allocates and utilizes its scarce resources, the rate at which the population is growing as well as the technological and institutional organizations of that country. Different countries vary in their resource endowments and this brings out the different trade relationships that exist. The issue of diversity in economic growth performance has attracted arguments among the economics scholars with some indicating that aspects of government economic policies, particularly the trading policies generate the growth rate dispersion. While high performing economies benefit from liberalization of trade, countries which are import oriented have been trapped in the cycle of inflation, stagnant exports, and slow productivity growth. This is due to the fact that the developed economies can most of the times flood the market with cheap products and services which has been enabled by their superior technologies which aids them in achieving economies of scale faster than the less developed economies. While the contrasting growth patterns cannot be explained by trade liberalization, it is obvious that it has had negative effects (Kawai 375). In this paper we sha
Introduction Asthma is one of the ailments that cause persistent morbidity and deaths across the globe. Studies show that its dominance has augmented in the past two decades. This chronic disease affects the lungs and causes reversible airway barriers due to swellings along the lung airways as well as contraction of the muscles surrounding the lungs. The airway obstruction is present in most asthma patients, but a number of triggers exacerbate this condition depending on the patient’s environment. Some of these triggers include smoke, pollen grains, dust, industrial chemicals, fur, and cold air. Asthma can be managed successfully; however, most of its morbidity is due to bad management and particularly when taking preventive medication. Pathophysiology of Asthma The pathology observed in the lungs of asthmatic patients who succumb to the disease indicates that a high degree of lung inflation. A closer view of this over-inflation shows a striking alveoli distention. The smooth muscles located in the bronchi undergo substantial hyperplasia whilst the submucosal layers become dangerously thick. Furthermore, mucosa is present in the lungs with a bogged mucosal epithelium due to the inadequate quantity of ciliated epithelium cells. The submucosa undergoes an upsurge in mucus gland hypertrophy. The upsurge in quantity of muscle, mucous glands, and tissue edema causes the airway wall to congeal while the caliber minimizes (Harver & Kotses, 2010). The alteration of the latter structures is known as remodeling, which generally explains the intricate morphological modifications in the bronchial wall. The changes in the bronchial wall make the columnar cells detach themselves from basal attachments (Clark, 2010). The inconsistent quantity of mucous in the lumen of a patient’s airway triggers the airway obstruction that can even utterly block the airway. The complete occlusion of the airway can lead to growth of a distal at the atelectasis in the lung parenchyma. Inflammation Most patients who succumb to asthma have acutely inflamed airways. Inflammation is caused by a convoluted multifactorial process that entails the collaboration of various cells coming from disparate tissues and organs such as bone marrow, the lymphoid, and nervous system among other organ systems. The cells, which include respiratory cells, CD4 helper T- lymphocytes, and leukocytes, produce cytokine that causes inflammation. Two possible pathways facilitate asthma inflammation. In the first pathway, large amount of immunoglobulin E (IgE) facilitates allergic inflammation. The second pathway is structural change in the bronchial wall (remodeling), which is by caused enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, and the destro
Introduction Accountants are the secret keepers of the business world. They are the people who know the real status of a company whether fledgling or established. As such, they have actual knowledge pertaining to the longevity of a company or an individual’s clients financial life. Such information, when placed in the wrong hands and somehow leaked out, could lead to many worst case scenarios for the company. Situations such as stock holder panic, investor withdrawal, and even, company closure. Certified Public Accountants are held to a high standard of ethics and principles which are not to be taken lightly. Main Body As the accountant for MicroTech Software Company, Tom Brown had access to all the financial reports of the company which he chose to use for personal gain by seeking another position with a competitor company upon learning that MTS had a shaky financial situation. Nobody can fault him for looking for another job if he felt that his current one was in danger of b
Introduction Today, the activities of the European Union (EU) in the international arena attract particular attention due to the many controversial events of recent years, for instance, the UK’s desire to terminate membership in the association or numerous sanctions policies. Against interstate interaction, problems arise due to the lack of agreement on conducting common economic, political, social and other practices, which affect the relations of the EU members and affect the credibility of the entire integration system. The need to ensure security at the borders of the union and strengthen neighbouring relations with countries outside the association led to the fact that in 2004, a special programme was introduced, which was called the European Neighbourhood Policy, or the ENP. Despite reasonable goals, this course of interaction with neighbouring states is associated with a number of problems that continue to arise today and require resolving and implementing relevant reforms. The issues of trade agreements, the migration crisis, border security and some other crucial challenges are the problems of introducing the ENP as part of the EU’s official policy. Basic Provisions of the Concept The main purpose of the considered policy adopted in 2004 was to strengthen stability, provide security and increase the economic welfare of all the states neighbouring the EU. As Wesselink and Boschma (2017, p. 4) remark, the ENP implied creating “a ring of countries around the EU with which the EU has close, peaceful and co-operative relations”. The Supreme Council offered partners a more profitable scope of interaction than traditional distant cooperation. At the same time, according to Wesselink and Boschma (2017), the programme was not aimed at expanding the EU. In general, initially, the ENP assumed the maintenance of positive relations with neighbouring states without any bonuses and rights in resolving the issues of the association. Such an outcome could be positive for the union since its government would not take any obligations to support other states and, at the same time, was able to spread the interests of the EU beyond its borders. However, despite potentially positive objectives, this programme turned out to be significantly less unequivocal and successful than it had been planned initially. By signing the ENP, EU members set themselves the goal of mutual benefits. Värimäe (2015) argues that, on the one hand, the Council of the European Association provided neighbouring countries in the east (six s
Chapter Review Following the pressure that journalists are exposed to in their daily work of delivering content through television and print, the chances are high that such mass-media experts may compromise the ethical issues that are associated with the work they present to their targeted audience. Chapter 14 of the book Understanding Media and Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication addresses the ethics that media experts are expected to observe. This chapter elaborates broadly on the Ethics of Mass Media in the overall spectrum of mass communication. Specifically, the chapter presents the moral principles that guide the media profession in all platforms, including the Internet-based content dissemination. This chapter relates to this course since it offers a detailed explanation of the mass-media guiding principles that form a fundamental basis when gauging the credibility, professionalism, and intellectuality of journalists in their respective fields. As this paper reveals, ethics in mass media revolves around ethnic and gender multiplicity, race-based stigmatization, and labeling, as well as the extent of sexual content that media experts are allowed to publicize. Main Points The first main point the author notes in this chapter is that stereotypes associated with mass media are caused by journalists’ prescribed roles, which in turn influence the public perception. The author explains this point by quoting from the research that the American population is progressively becoming diverse in terms of race, although non-Whites or the minority groups do not get substantial media coverage (Lule, 2016). According to Lule (2016), in most of the contents aired on TVs, presented via entertainment, or through print, among others seldom include the marginalized citizens. However, media experts who attempt to cover these minority groups depict them as considerably stigmatized people. Unlike the majority groups that the mass media experts depict as multifaceted individuals who possess a complete variety of human aspects, conduct, and enthusiasm, journalists paint a picture that the minority groups never possess these traits. Besides, the author presents a worrying issue whereby the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) society has been exposed to substantial stereotyping by the mass media team. Although the chapter does not clarify whether this issue is only apparent in the U.S/, the author includes women and the physically challenged group in the list of stigmatized citizens. The sec
Introduction The Vietnam War was perhaps the worst war the U.S. ever took part in. The government suffered massive losses, and the war substantially tainted its image. As the war progressed, the government faced great set-backs because public were totally against the war. The government had lied to the public about the intentions of the war but as the 60’s decade came to an end, war veterans brought the truth home. This was amid an announcement by President Nixon that the war had escalated to Cambodia. As the public absorbed the announcement, and the truth behind the war, they were angered by the fact that many American lives had been lost in the war, and the fact that the government was still directing young-adult males to go to Vietnam. Mass protests, that had begun earlier, increased with students forming the frontline of the protesters. Anti-protest police killed and injured a number of the protesters leading to even more protests, and irresponsibility during the protests as protesters quelled their anger. These protests continued until the government made a decision to withdraw troops from the war. Music and Vietnam War The Vietnam War led to an era of music that can be associated entirely with the events of the war. Music was part of the war as soldiers used in many occasions during the war. This can even be evidenced by the number of movies produced after the Vietnam War because the movies were characterized by battle scenes that have music playing in the background. An example is the movie Forrest Gump . The troops in the Vietnam War had their own music tastes. A good example of a track that was popular among American troops is the song We Gotta Get Out of this Place . The song Happy Birthday Abey Baby also became popular during this time because of its message, which reflects the racial aspects of the Vietnam War. Another popular song was the track, “We Will All Go Down Together” (Miller 1), which is done by Billy Joel. During the war itself, soldiers had tapes which they were fond of listening to even as they engaged in gun battles. There were a lot of references to music by the troops as the war progressed. For instance, before soldiers fired their guns, they would sometimes say that they were “ready to rock n’ roll” (Fish 1). Additionally, as bullets or missiles were fired from a helicopter, the phrase, “Puff the Magic Dragon”, was commonly used. Even more surprising is the fact that in certain areas, music would be playing from loud speakers as the combat progressed. An example of a song that was commonly played during combat is the song “Night in White Satin” done by Moody Blues. People who had the privilege to have been alive during the Vietnam War agree that music had a special role to play during the war period. In fact most of these people, who are grannies now, recommend several songs to anyone wishing to know what went on during the Vietnam War. They recommend that one listens to the message being passed by the artists of the time, and the deep meaning of the songs. The message in the music was that of a people desperate for peace in a war-torn world. Some of the tracks showed how the governm
A statement describing my career goals After completing my degree, I am aspiring to work on a medical science career. My major goal is to study human infections and conditions to improve health. This can be achieved by carrying out biomedical research and improvement. I am also planning to establish a foundation of fresh vaccines, medicines, and treatment methods. The other career objective is to efficiently apply medical skills and professionalism in performing my duties. I also want to execute my responsibilities, according to the mission and objective of my employers, to strategically improve my career. Besides, I am especially interested in working with the GlaxoSmithKline Company, considering that its services are in line with my career objectives. The profile of GlaxoSmithKline Company This company is not only a non-profit making pharmaceutical organization but also research-based. It mainly focuses on the learning and development of innovative medicine. This is aimed at improving the health of patients across the world. The company is considered to be one of the leading research organizations in Canada (Ebizguides 2005, p. 174). Therefore, it becomes one of the most preferred organizations to work with. GlaxoSmithKline Company produces many prescription drugs and approved vaccines. It is also widely known for the production of consumer healthcare products. International and governmental health organizations are some of the company’s clients. For instance, it supplies prescription drugs and vaccines to both private and public hospitals. Profile of the person interviewed, questions asked, and a summary of the response I arranged and interviewed Dr. Stephanie Burns, considering that she had a career similar to my professional ambitions. She is the non-executive director of GlaxoSmithKline Company (Kumar & Satish 2007, p. 121). During the interview, I had the opportunity to ask her various questions concerning the company’s workplace and their important forms of communication. First, I wanted to get her opinion concerning the importance of excellent communication skills in their office. Additionally, I asked her the factors considered in evaluating the level of communication skills in their workplace. The third question I asked was the amount of weight put on evaluating communication skills when conducting interviews for vacancies within their organization. I also asked the most preferred type of communication skills, between oral and written, preferred in their workplace. The other important question is that I wanted her to explain the types of oral communication considered to be essential. If the company preferred written communication, then I wanted to have enough information on the type of written communication essential in their place of work. In response to my first question, Dr. Stephanie Burns said that excellent communication skill is important because it enables workers to communicate with each other both verbally and in writing (Chambers 2000, p. 289). According to her, scientists need to have effective commun
The memoirist from the book struggles with voices in the head and disordered thoughts that suggest schizophrenia. This mental issue is a severe condition affecting all aspects of an individual’s life. The Worcester Country Health Department has mental health services developed for both adults and youngsters. On the official website, the Mental Health Program is available during working hours for every citizen (Worcesterhealth.org, n.d.). For children and teenagers, there are care services, such as parental education, advocacy, emotional support, family therapy, and many other services. The services are wide-ranged, allowing a comprehensive approach to the care plan of a teenager. To access the resources of the program, people should contact the center. It accepts Medical Assistance and many private insurance types. The health department also has community-based resources that are free on its website. Everyone can access them and read the materials regarding mental health problems. There are no eligibility criteria for using the materials and services of the department. It provides peer recovery service, ensuring comfortable patient care. The recovery service consists of individuals in long-term recovery who will provide one-to-one support for people willing to recover (Worcesterhealth.org, n.d.). However, this resource is for people who have non-urgent substance misuse, and all the details can be accessed through the phone number on the official website. Another similar resource is Psychiatric Rehabilitation Program which offers community-based and in-home services. It ensures that individuals can maintain daily tasks and have the necessary skills to live (Worcesterhealth.org, n.d.). Both adults and young men are eligible for the service, and it also can be accessed via insurance. The service has different care plans depending on the age and needs of individuals. Youngsters under 18 years old are allowed to access the services 3 times a month, while adults aged 18 and above have 6 times month access. So Worcester has different mental health programs aiming to help adults as well as teenagers. Reference Worcesterhealth.Org. (n.d.). Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services . Web.