ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In general, the banking system is divided into two principal categories, which are domestic and foreign banks. The arrangement of international banking is highly complex as it consists of numerous structural subdivisions, each of them carrying out its specific function. This paper will primarily dwell upon the peculiarities of the foreign banks and the variety of their tasks. First of all, the international banking system will be compared to the domestic one in order to reveal the principal differences between them. Further, the structure of the global financial markets will be considered alongside with the range of instruments traded therein. Additionally, different types of foreign exchange exposure faced by the multinational corporations will be analyzed in order to identify and measure the risks involved. It is essential to determine the fundamental differences between foreign and domestic banks. They differentiate in the services provided to the customers. Firstly, “international banks arrange trade finance to enable imports and exports for their customers” while domestic banks serve only for the trading across the country (Editorial Board, 2015, p. 48). Secondly, foreign banks arrange for foreign exchange which is essential for the cross-border transactions and the investments, and domestic banks do not provide such opportunity. Another distinguishing point is the kinds of deposits assumed by the banks and the loans and investments they make (Editorial Board, 2015). While domestic banks perform the financial operations in the national currency, the majority of international banks borrow and lend in the Eurocurrency market, which consists of deposits situated in banks that are foreign to the country, issuing the currency in which the deposit is denominated (Claessens & Horen, 2014). Additionally, internal banks are regulated by the laws of the state in which they are situated, while international banks are governed both by the laws of the domestic country and the country in which the branches of those banks are located. Based on the mentioned differences, it is easy to define the reasons why the United States use international banks. First of all, foreign banks provide transactions and investments across the world, which is essential for the majority of people in the business. Secondly, the branches of international banks are vastly used by people who travel to different countries. Another principal point is that the international banking system provides the U.S. government with the opportunity to invest in the global market and to develop as a country. Also, foreign banks satisfy the needs of the multinational corporations as they lend large sums of money wit
The article by Hoyer and Hoyer explores the essence of quality focusing on the eight prominent gurus’ views. Pointing out that quality assurance tools might vary with time, authors emphasize that it aims at performance excellence. First, the authors reflect Crosby’s definition that refers to the accordance of all the measured characteristics to the specified criteria. At that, the requirements should be stated clearly and specifically regarding numerical indicators. Crosby’s theory likely suggests only two levels of quality including acceptable and unacceptable ones. Second, Deming’s definition operates with the customers’ satisfaction. According to his theory, quality is multidimensional as it cannot be determined by one criterion. On the contrary to Crosby, Deming claims that several quality levels directly depend on customers’ requirements. Third, Feigenbaum’s definition is similar to those of Deming regarding the customers’ satisfaction. In particular, quality, states Feigenbaum, should be evaluated comprehensively (Hoyer and Hoyer 56). Also, quality is dynamic as it depends on clients’ changing expectations. Feigenbaum supposes to transform the latter into measurable quality characteristics. Moreover, Ishikawa defines quality as the changing needs of customers. At that, he states that quality should be ensured on all levels of an organization. Ishikawa considers that quality is directly rela
Reducing stress Reducing stress, avoiding the depressed state, improving memory – all these criteria are a direct proof of the effectiveness of mindfulness practice among the elderly population. This approach, as Larouche, Chouinard, Morin-Alain, Goulet, and Hudon (2017) note, is a successful method since a meditation technique not only helps to alleviate physical discomfort but also contributes to brain function, which is particularly important for old people with dementia. Constant nervousness and depression are inevitable factors of Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, according to Pitawanakwat et al. (2016), the use of mindfulness practice is a “culturally relevant cognitive assessment tool” that can significantly affect the condition of elderly patients for the better (p. P311). I have not met with such patients yet, but if such an opportunity arises, I will observe with interest how the process of recovery is underway. Mindfulness practice meaning For me, the practice of mindfulness practice means maximum immersion in a personal inner world with the goal of expanding consciousness and discovering new and unfamiliar feelings and emotions. As Parikh et al. (2016) argue, cognitive functions are unique and cannot be studied in terms of traditional medicine and by taking medications. Any person is able to develop a new potential, deeply immersing in his or her consciousness and getting distracted from the familiar world, concentrating solely on inner sensations. In the case of mental diseases, the situation is alm
Capital punishment is the form of justice that implies executions for committing homicides, and the necessity of its implementation is justified in three ways. The key arguments are general deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution, which all are intended to outweigh the desire to crimes by pain (Bachman & Alvarez, 2016). I believe that every justification contributes significantly to the offenses prevention, but the first one has the most merit, which will be discussed further. General deterrence implies a fear of executions that prevent potential offenses. This justification is the most valuable factor in comparison to others due to its binary effect. Mendoza Valles (2018) claims that “the deterrent effects arise from executions themselves and not simply having a death penalty law in place” (p.10). However, this approach restricts the possibility to deter the emergence of potential murderers (Mendoza Valles, 2018). The mentioned statement argues against retribution, showing its minor impact on homicide prevention. On the other hand, the implementation of incapacitation complements the general deterrence but does not restate its position. Mendoza Valles (2018) states that executing one or more offenders in one year results in a decrease of violent crimes approximately 50 percent of the time in the following period. This statement mostly appeals to a general deterrence argument, as the fear of punishment emerged from showing its implementation, but not from other justifications effects. To conclude, it can be considered that the deterrence effect that occurs from the widespread fear of capital punishment, supported by its showing, has the most merit. Incapacitation prevents future offenses, which the same criminal might commit, while the retribution has a potentially minor impact. However, both justifications mentioned above are not as effective as the general deterrence because of its significant preventive influence on potential criminals violent intentions, supported with executions displaying.
Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism refers to the way a given group of individuals critiques another, using its own culture as point of reference. In most cases, ethnocentrism is regarded as the belief that one’s culture is superior to another or is the most preferred compared to the one being reviewed (Lundberg, 2001). Ethnocentric individuals feel that their culture and way of life are better than those of other people. For this reason, ethnocentrism is seen as a negative practice that consists of two main problems; prejudice and racism (Diamond, 1994). Ethnocentrism is depicted in most scenes of Avatar ; the film outlines Na’vi’s ways of life and the way the protagonist is forced to profess the culture before being admitted into the community. Ethnocentrism in the movie is also seen in Jake Sully when he judges Na’vi’s culture using his own culture. Sully is stopped from swatting the trees as they are considered as spirits in accordance with the Na’vi culture. Romanticism The concept of romanticism does not only include the aspect of love as many people would think; it also includes other aspects such as symbolism and mythology. Symbolism and mythology are accorded great importance in romanticism. The two aspects are highly valued in romanticism because they can be used to value individualism and appreciate nature, without applying the one-to-one communication used in parables (Lutz & Collins, 1993). There are a number of characteristics of romanticism, which are depicted in the film Avatar . The elements of romanticism that are heavily featured in Avatar include the positive reception towards nature, the preference of emotion as opposed to logic, and considering individuality, a valuable thing. Sully, the main character, tries to bond with the Na’vi people to lure them to issue their land to humans. However, this changes when Sully finds the culture of the Na’vi people more interesting than his. He decides to follow his heart and what he feels is right for him to do. Exoticism The concept of exoticism refers to a tendency of some ethic groups, especially those seen to be more powerful, to influence how people live in a given area. The concept can be expressed as a presentation of culture of a given group of people to be used by another one whose culture is seen to be inferior. Exoticism may be presented in form of humanism, ethnocentrism, or primitivism. Exoticism in films and other literary works is linked to the desire for wealth (Malinowski, 1961). There are several elements of exoticism in the film Avatar; firstly, Sully, who is the main character, easily embraces the life style of the Na’vi people. Sully finds the Na’vi culture endearing given that it encourages all the species to co-exist in peace and harmony with each other and the environment; consequently, he decides to leave his own culture. Secondly, the other humans are persuaded by Sully to adopt the culture of the Na’vi people since it is regarded as the best. However, most of them refuse to give i
Thomas Friedman, Al Gore, and Mindy Lubber offer analyses of the environmental perils we face at the beginning of the twenty-first century and propose some solutions. In this paper there is going to be comparing and contrasting each of these analyses and solutions that are offered by the three analysts. Considering what is presented by Thomas Friedman, he promises that we should go green. He points out that thinking about how to live and work in a greener fashion – with cleaner electrons, greater energy and resource productivity, and an ethic of conservation, is being popularized and democratized (Friedman 290). According to him, at the present, this is “no longer an elite issue for those people who live in the West and East coasts or in the backyards of Vermont or Colorado” (Friedman 290). Friedman points out that “it is all about being green and every one is a winner” (Friedman 291). The farmers in the U.S are winners because they are going “green”. They get to grow ethanol and garner immense government subsidies for doing so even if it makes no real sense as a CO2 reduction strategy. More so, coal companies are going green and they are doing this through renaming themselves “energy companies” and stressing how sequestration of carbon dioxide will offer us “clean coal” (Friedman 291). He states that “in the green revolution we’re having in America today, everybody gets to play, everybody is a winner, nobody gets hurt, and no body has to do anything hard” (Friedman 291). It is pointed out that the most difficult facts are these “if we sum up the easy, cost-efficiency measures we should all embrace, the best we get is a slowing of the growth of environmental damage … obsessing over recycling and installing a few special light bulbs wont cant it” (Friedman 293). We are supposed to be considering the basic change in our energy, transportation as well as agricultural systems instead of looking at the technological tweaking on the margins, and this implies changes and costs the present and future leaders tend to be afraid to discuss (Friedman 293). Another analyst who talks about the environmental perils is Al Gore. Al Gore who was the 45 th Vice President of the United States of American as well as an environmental activist, was the winner of the 2007 Nobel Peace price and this was in recognition of his work “to build and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change,
What is the campaign about? (Describe the campaign, its message, key elements, etc.) The Panda Cheese commercials are short, clean, direct advertisements to campaign for a brand of cheese. The advertisements show that on refusing to eat, purchase, or use Panda cheese, one may get the Panda angry. The Panda is the mascot of the brand. The tagline used for the campaign is, “Never say no to Panda cheese.” The Panda shows passive violence, i.e., an overt display of non-aggression in the facial expression of the panda. The targets of destruction are the objects lying around and not the characters. When someone refuses to use, eat, or buy Panda cheese, the Panda does not attack them directly or cause them any bodily harm. However, the panda’s aggression is diverted on the objects lying on the floor like the computer in the office setting, the shopping trolley in a departmental store, or the kitchen of the chef. The advertisements are short, simple, and minimalistic in nature with a clear message that is delivered – use, eat or buy Panda cheese; otherwise, the Panda (the mascot) will be very angry. The tagline also delivers a similar message (Never say no to Panda Cheese). However, in the first three advertisements, it is not clear if the consumers should buy the products because the advertisement is funny or because the panda may get angry. The real reason why a consumer of the product would purchase was unclear. What are the campaign objectives? The objective of the campaign was to introduce the Panda Cheese to the market. That is why a high-impact advertisement that would capture the attention of the audience was used. The advertisement was direct, and the target customers of the product – which is presumably an adult male, working, and above middle-class economic background – clearly delineated in the campaign. The objective of the campaign was to create an impact on the viewers’ minds about the product and infuse the image of the mascot and the brand. The high impact of the Panda creating a massacre in the immediate scene when characters refuse to eat, use, or buy the product immediately creates a mode of recollection because of the clean and simple style of the advertisement. Further, without cluttering the advertisement with a lot of embellishment, the campaign tried to aim at product recognition and recollection through product branding. Because they were not directed towards any human character, they cannot be dubbed as violent detriments, but the Panda’s aggression is clearly directed towards those who refuse to use, eat, or purchase the product. The obvious extension of this display of anger that can be deduced is the product is of high quality, and by not using it, one simply refuses to accept the best product available in the market. What is the campaign’s strategy? How would you describe it? The strategy of the campaign was to create an impact through the violence shown in the advertisements. They would recollect the Panda with its funny antiques and, by extension, the product. The scenes chosen for the campaig
Hannah Roberts writes that the white man’s colonization of Australia did not only involve taking away the native’s land, it also included the colonization of the Aboriginal woman’s body. The white man often used the Aboriginal woman’s body for sexual satisfaction, yet tried to maintain pretence of separation between the colonizers and the colonized because of his obsession with racial purity and pride (Roberts, 2001, pp.188). The Aboriginal woman was considered to be inherently sexual and immoral, and in some cases, was characterized as ‘bond slaves of Satan’. The colonizers used this line of thinking to justify their colonization of the Aboriginal woman’s body. These women were referred to using derogatory names such as ‘gin’, ‘stud’, ‘breeder’, and so on, to distinguish them from other women, mainly white. Due to their labeling as sexual objects, aboriginal women’s consent was rarely sought whenever the white man desired to have sex with them. Consequently, the native women were supposed to submit themselves to the colonizers, failure of which would lead to violent acts, as Roberts points out, instances of frequent shootings, torture, capture and rape against such were common. Roberts further points out that because of the colonizer’s labeling of the Aboriginal women as sexual materials, cases of white men raping these women were rarely brought to court and were likely to fail. Violence against the Aboriginal woman seemed natural and normal and rarely elicited the traumatic effect on her or her husband as it would on a white woman, or so the white colonizers thought. Indeed, the women’s resistance to the colonizers controlling mechanism was further taken as proof of their immorality and only worsened their situation. Week 9 How does Marie Bonaparte represent the clitoris in relation to female sexuality? What is ‘Freudian’ about this? Marie Bonaparte writes that the clitoris gives women their distinctive female sexuality, and knowingly or unknowingly, endears them to the males. Consequently, the males have become unconscious worshippers of the woman due to the clitoris. The importance of the clitoris to the woman’s sexuality cannot be underestimated
Introduction Modern society has come to rely on medication to restore the body and mind to best functionality. Antidepressant medications, which are used to treat depression, have gained increased popularity in the United States. These drugs have taken the title of “most frequently prescribed drug”, suggesting that the US might be overusing them. Use of Antidepressants Antidepressants are used when a person experiences depression of a prolonged period and this depression interferes with the person’s ability to carry out daily activities or enjoy himself (Rees 335). They interact with the brain leading to a change of moods and bringing about emotional stability. Antidepressants take away the feeling of depression in a person and help them to feel the way they did before they became depressed. These medications can also block symptoms of panic therefore enabling a person to carry out with the daily tasks effectively. Americans and the “Happy Pill” There is a significant overuse of Antidepressants in the US. A report by the CDC revealed that antidepressants were “the third most common prescription drug taken by Americans of all ages in 2005-2008” (1). Physicians are recommending and prescribing antidepressants as treatment for depression and insomnia at a higher rate than then did in the past. Attarian and Schuman observe that in the US, antidepressants have become some of the most commonly recommended and prescribed treatments for insomnia and depression complaints (18). This observation is supported by the CDC which documents that in 2005, about 5% of the total drug prescriptions by physicians all over the US were for antidepressants. Reasons for Increased Use A number of reasons have contributed to the significant increase in antidepressants use by Americans. Antidepressants create an illusion of happiness leading to their overuse by Americans whenever they feel sad or low. Americans have developed the habit of using medication to deal with mild depression or general low feelings that do not require the use of antidepressant medications. Rees notes that antidepressants provide a quick means for a person to feel better (Rees 335). The decrease in the quality of life for most people has increase risk of depression and the subsequent use of antidepressants. With the high levels of stress that people experience, they are likely to experience sadness and frustration that lead to depression at higher rates (Attarian and Schuman 17). This overall decrease in quality of life for many people in the US has contributed to the overuse of antidepressants. There has been a dramatic shift towards the use of antidepressants to cure conditions such as insomnia and anxiety disorders. While therapy was the most common means of dealing with anxiety disorders, there has been a trend towards using medication to deal with these conditions. With insomnia, in the past alcohol and sleeping pills were the most commonly us