ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Psychological Assessment A psychiatric evaluation, or psychological test, is a procedure used to collect information about a patient with a mental or psychiatric illness to make a conclusion or diagnosis on the patient’s condition (Framingham 1). This usually forms the first part of the treatment process to determine the health condition of the patient before designing a treatment plan (Hunsley 139). The evaluation typically involves social and life history, physical observations, and information from particular psychiatric tests. This is normally done by a psychiatric consultant but can also be done by other specialists in the medical field in a procedural manner such as nurses, therapists, and social workers. In Mohammed’s case, a psychiatric assessment will help his doctor in coming up with a solution to his mental illness. An assessment of a combination of factors ranging from his medical history, social life, educational history, past and present family life, and other elements will help in determining Mohammed’s mental health. Biographical History To determine Mohamed’s mental health I am going to carry out a psychological assessment on several factors in his life. The first element of Mohammed’s life that I will assess is his biographical history. This includes his marital life, work-life, the chronological development of his problems, and development in child life, educational background, and relations with the people in his surroundings. I will find out Mohammed’s current social life and present and past experiences with alcohol and drug use. I will also find out Mohamed’s past treatment and his mental co
National standards National standards provide a platform upon which computer forensic laboratories operate in the US (Nelson, Phillips & Steuart, 2010; Easttom, 2014). They are aimed to achieve practical and realistic computer forensic laboratory goals. All computer forensic laboratories in the US have to adhere to the national standards before they could be certified (Easttom, 2014). The standard 1.3.3.1 provides essential information that is crucial for developing technical skills for personnel. The standard 1.4.2.6 outlines emerging technical procedures that should be fulfilled by computer forensic laboratories. The standard 1.4.2.8 provides a framework within which samples are handled in a computer forensic laboratory. The standard emphasizes documentation that is aimed to maintain a high degree of the validity of the laboratory procedures. The standard 1.4.2.11 offers approaches that should be adopted to certify laboratory equipment and instruments. The standard also aims to ensure that adequate instruments are utilized to carry out laboratory procedures. The standard 1.4.2.12 offers guidelines that should be adhered to when maintaining computer forensic laboratory equipment and/or instruments. All instruments and/ equipment should be maintained in a way that promotes safe and valid analysis. All testing laboratories should be certified to operate upon meeting the requirements of the standard 1.4.2.13 that offers the framework for calibration of equipment and/instruments. Finally, the standard 2.11.4 aims to ensure that all technical personnel of a computer forensic laboratory pass a mandatory competency test before a laboratory could be certified (Easttom, 2014). Laboratory components There are 5 main categories of components that are used in computer forensic laboratories (Nelson et al., 2010; Easttom, 2014). First, computer forensic laboratories should have specific facilities that are utilized to ensure secure working environments. The environments could be achieved by adopting controls that prevent unauthorized access to digital information stored in computer systems. Second, laboratory configuration is an essential component of computer forensic laboratories that aim to put in place the required furniture and furnishing. The following examples of configuration components are common in many computer forensic laboratories: desktops, bookcases, evidence safe or locker, LAN and server stations, storage shelves, and forensic software. Third, the equipment used in a computer forensics laboratory may depend on the type of operating systems, storage capacities of computer hard disks, tape media, and the type of forensic investigation mainly conducted in a laboratory. Fourth, the software components used in the laboratory could be designed locally or purchased from commercial soft
Introduction Thesis statement: After achieving agricultural success, the Dutch diversified into the fishing industry and the Baltic and the North Sea carrying trade during the 15th and 16th centuries before starting a far-reaching maritime empire in the 17th century. In a little over a century, the Northern Netherlands regions rose from relative insignificance to the apex of European commercial attainment. The Dutch built their success on a suitable agricultural foundation. Factors Dutch shipping started to grow as a major sector of the economy in the 15th century. It is likely that indecision of the traders from the Southern Netherlands to invest in sea transport led to the towns of Zeeland and Holland starting to cater to the shipping requirements of the commercial cities of Flanders and Brabant (especially Antwerp). In the 17th Century, the Dutch Republic owned 18,000 out of the 20,000 ships in Europe. Herring fishing was already a common Dutch activity in the North Sea. However, their increased presence led to increased competition for Baltic markets with the German Hanseatic League by trading their herring catches, salt, wine, and cloth in exchange for Baltic grain. Despite having to wait until 1648 to gain full independence, the country was at liberty based on ceasefire made with Spain in 1609. It is therefore interesting to note how the Dutch managed to keep at bay the then most powerful military power in Europe. Historians argue the Dutch enjoyed massive verse support from the Britons and the French and had the upper hand due to the use of flood dikes to fight any incoming threat from the sea. For instance, out of the 132 military companies that the Dutch army had in 1600, Dutch nationals comprised only 17 companies. The remaining soldiers were of English, French, Scottish, Walloon, and German descent. The soldiers from different nations were loyal to the Dutch and fought for them because the Dutch could afford to pay them. In spite of drilling the country’s financial resources, the gains were more than the cost incurred. The country was slowly receiving increased economic dominance in Europe. As the trade continued, the Netherlands was developing their economy in two ways. To begin with, they invested in diverse industries ranging from traditional and the new. They invested in munitions, sugar refining, textiles, munitions, soap boiling, glass, tobacco curing, and diamond cutting. A lot of mone
Introduction For a very long time, the general consensus was that business models and project management were separate disciplines. Here, the value of project management in an organization was the ability to offer the most effective and efficient way of conducting a project. Not much consideration was required by the management to understand if the project offered value to the firm through the business model. But, these mindsets have changed since the current organizations have experienced rapid changes in technology and global competition. This problem is heightened by the continued use of the classical business models with basis on the principles of scale, labor, control, and structure (Johnson, 2006, p.4). Such models are losing popularity because they cannot enhance the relationship between corporate strategy and techniques to implement it. Today’s business requires actual delivery of value to customers, which gives reason for firms to address complex economic, social and business dilemmas as organic programs. This is where the importance of business modeling in project management has been suggested to fill the need. Strategic project management emphasizes the integration of project management processes with business models to provide an all encompassing package. However, the importance of the business model is still doubtful. In an attempt to clear this doubt, this paper will evaluate the concept of business model in project management process and the emerging importance. Defining business model A very general idea of what constitutes business model can be attained from the definition of Magretta (2002, p.7) that business models are stories that try to explain how a business enterprises work. She asserts that a good business model answers two fundamental questions: who is the business customer and what does he value? How can we deliver that value to the customer at the most appropriate cost? This means that the notion of a business model simply means the logic through which an enterprise earns money. Therefore, this definition brings about two principal questions that business models should respond to, one pertaining to the value a customer gets and the other to the firm’s ability to get value while serving the customer. Amit and Zott (2001, p.500) present a narrowed but precise definition of business model as it focuses on e-business. They review how several theories have contributed to the issue of business modeling. These include; value chain analysis, virtual markets, resource-based viewpoint of the business, Schumpeterian innovation, transaction cost economics, dynamic capabilities, and strategic networks. These authors realize that the theories contribute elements to the idea, but none per se can explain completely the idea of business models. After analyzing a sample of European and US e-business models they define the model as that which shows structure, content, and control of transactions designed to bring value by exploiting business opportunities arising. Transaction content refers to both the information or products
Brain Injuries Traumatic brain injury is just one of the causes of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), which is an evident indicator of it (Stocchetti et al. 2007, p. 1339-1346). There are a few factors that may be used to diagnose a rise of intracranial pressure. The most significant signs and symptoms that point towards this phenomenon are ocular palsies, papilledema, headache, and nausea with vomiting. The fact that the patient was behaving aggressively and did not respond to commands indicates altered level of consciousness. This indirectly suggests ICP increase. Clinical deterioration in neurological status is considered to be a sign of increased ICP as well. Papilledema is also secondary to the ICP increase. It can be seen with ophthalmoscope, during dilated fundus examination that may demonstrate disk hyperemia, small hemorrhages and subtle edema of the nerve fiber layer, and obliteration of spontaneous venous pulsation that is usually present in healthy individuals. Cushing’s triad is especially suggestive of high ICP. It includes increased systolic blood pressure, widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, as well as abnormal respiratory pattern. The most common respiratory pattern that suggests high ICP is Cheyne-Stokes respiration. The breathing is rapid for a period, and
The truth can simply be described as a statement of fact. The quest for knowledge and the need to satisfy curiosity makes people crave for the truth. However, the truth is sometimes ugly or bitter and may be dissatisfying rather than satisfying. This paper presents a philosophical position that postulates that the truth is greater than happiness. The truth is sometimes ugly and may cause a person to become unhappy. However it is always better to find out the truth even if knowing the truth about something will cause someone unhappiness. People seek the truth to gain knowledge and it is possible that their happiness will depend on their access to this knowledge. The truth presents knowledge to a person through a statement of fact. While the truth may make someone unhappy, the inherent satisfaction of gaining knowledge and becoming aware of the actual facts about a phenomenon, entity, person, or self, is achieved and any possible unhappiness will likely fade after sometime. However knowledge is not gained when the truth is withheld, and unhappiness becomes evident. Individuals are usually eager to satisfy their curiosity, and embrace the option of knowing the truth over the option of being apparently happy without the truth. The absence of truth brings only apparent happiness because people will continue to seek the truth no matter how content they appear. People generally believe that all problems may be resolved. Therefore, people will rather be exposed to the truth and live with the perceptual ‘unhappiness’ than live in apparent ‘happiness’ without knowledge of the truth. In a nutshell, once people’s curiosities are not satisfied, they will be unhappy. Concealing the truth from them, no matter how ugly it is, will certainly lead to unhappiness since their curiosity will not be satisfied. The only way the truth will be concealed and still lead to happiness is when the truth is substituted with a lie (or a ‘fake truth’). No matter how bitter or sweet the truth is, it is much healthier than happiness. Anybody may be happy, if they become aware that happiness is not precisely dependent on their external environment, their strength, their ability, their style, their beauty, etc. When the truth is hurting, it is possible for a person to identify what is wrong, and make possible efforts to improve the situation, character, behavior, company, or whatever the subject is. What is more important is not how one feels but how one becomes. If an ugly truth is substituted for a lie, then a person may only achieve an escape route, instead of true happiness. The reality remains before the person and it will eventually emerge and overcome the person except they face it. It is obvious that people value happiness over the truth. The truth may contain much sadness or happiness. When the truth is concealed, the potential happiness that is concealed remains an illusion. However, false happiness supersedes no happiness, particularly when the false happiness does not contain positive hope. If a person takes the bitter truth seriously, then the pe
Introduction Psychosis is a mental disorder that impacts the way one’s brain decodes or processes information. It involves a combination of pathologic symptoms associated with neurologic, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental conditions (Calabrese and Khalili, 2020). Antipsychotic medications have long been utilized as primary agents in the treatment and management of the disorder. However, some of these medications can have adverse effects that may exacerbate a patient’s underlying condition. It is the responsibility of healthcare professionals to recommend the most effective medicines to promote optimal outcomes. The paper is divided into four parts: the first section provides a discussion of the pathophysiology of psychosis. The second segment entails the delineation of the mechanisms of action and drug profiles for olanzapine and aripiprazole. The third portion presents the justification for aripiprazole’s efficacy as an alternative medication for the patient and compliance-related issues. Aripiprazole can be used as an alternative medication to olanzapine. The overall aim of this report is to assess the role of aripiprazole in managing psychosis in a patient and the benefits and harms of the drug as an alternative to olanzapine. Pathophysiology Various researchers have examined the mechanisms that underlie the clinical presentation of psychosis. Calabrese and Khalili (2020) identify dopamine as the primary causal agent in the disorder’s pathogenesis. The risk factors associated with psychosis can trigger chronic stimulation, which, in turn, leads to dopamine receptors’ hypersensitization within the nigrostriatal. The aforementioned process may consequently interfere with limbic structures’ functioning responsible for assigning significance to the emotional and hedonic sensory input. These dysfunctions in limbic structures cause the misattribution of internal stimuli originating from external sensory inputs. Glutamate has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychotic conditions. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), a glutamate receptor, is a significant element that enhances brain development (Calabrese and Khalili, 2020). Environmental factors such as drug abuse, maternal stress, malnutrition, genetic mutations, and neonatal anesthetic agents can affect the NMDA’s functioning (Calabrese and Khalili, 2020). Alteration in the NMDA receptor’s functioning can subsequently trigger cognitive impairment, which invokes behavioral changes. Alteration of the NMDA receptor during the perinatal period may also interfere with normal brain development, thereby increasing an individual’s susceptibility to developing schizophrenia. Furthermore, acetylcholine receptors have
Introduction Leishmaniasis is a tropical illness that is caused by a parasite. The infection is spread through a vector, which is the sand fly. The female phlebotomine sand fly is responsible for the spread of the disease. The parasite causing this infection is associated with tropical and temperate climates (Davis, 2011). This tropical disease is initiated by a protozoan that is found in the sand flies. The protozoan thrives in the gut of the fly and spread when the sand fly bites humans. This condition causes a skin infection that is characterised by the development of sores. The symptoms develop in a matter of weeks or months after the infection (Berman, 1997). Leishmaniasis is said to affect about two million people every year. Cutaneous leishmaniasis accounts for about three quarters of new incidences whereas visceral leishmaniasis accounts for about a quarter of the new cases. When individuals are settled into the affected areas, this can result into an epidemic (Davis, 2011; Guessous-Idrissi, et al, 1997a). In Morocco, the cutaneous leishmaniasis is quite common. The country has different vegetation regions that represent the differences in the climate of the country. This has affected the distribution of the sand fly species in the country (Guessous-Idrissi, et al, 1997b). As a consequence, leishmaniasis forms ar
Hypothesis A In order to retain their ability to perform complex calculations and make correct and logical conclusions based on specific premises throughout their life, older people should train their skills on a regular basis; otherwise, their skills will deteriorate very fast. Since lack of training and education leads to faster decline of cognitive and analytical skills, it is crucial that older people should practice essential developmental skills regularly. As long as older people keep revising the information that they already know and put their skills to the proper use, it will be possible to remain mentally active. In addition, the activities that help raising awareness may be used as the key exercise that will help older people acquire information fast and process it in a proper way. Hypothesis B Unless efficient training is provided to people so that they could be encouraged for lifelong learning, they are most likely to lose their skills after they reach a certain age. Since in most cases, people are prone to lose the skills that they have not practiced for long, it is reasonable to suggest that, with age related disorders, most people are going to lose the ability to think logically and process information fast. However, with the introduction of lifelong learning principles into one’s life, it will be possible to make one retain the skills of logical thinking and fast and efficient data processing.
The Zen section that is to be analyzed in this Sports Psychology analysis involves a very discouraged player who needs help. The player is involved in Kumite or rather a sport is known as sparring. He met the man by the name of Parker in one of the gyms who was later to be his rescuer in the game (Joe, 1982). Mr. Parker was to bring a hero out of him. Mr. Parker is seen to apply one of the most important sport psychology analysis skills very effectively. This particular skill is the critic whereby Mr. Parker watches the player perform in one of his Dojo (Joe, 1982). Later he calls him in his office for a piece of advice. Mr. Parker uses symbolism to drive his point home. Through the drawing of a line, he can teach the player that only through working on his weaknesses can he be able to overcome his challenges. This means that in any situation, the winners are not the issue but the losers. This is because it is very evident that working on improving one’s strengths rather than trying to pass the opponent’s line is what matters. This does not mean that by improving skills and knowledge a person is automatically bound to win. It may indeed take a long time like in the case of the player who after months of training and improving his skills did not win the match with the same opponent. Nevertheless, the player applied the same tactics in his tennis training and after a while, he improved drastically. The lesson to be learned is that the process of improvement is gradual and not instantaneous. This is shown by the fact that the player had to play more than once to recognize the signs of improvement in his skills. In addition, there is a lesson that there can never be improved without hard work and some great inputs which are represented by the length of the line drawn by Mr. Parker. The moral of the story is that in whatever endeavor a person decides to undertake, he/she must focus on improving his/her strength rather than on winning against the opponent. The storyline that leads to a conclusion is the effort which the player put in after the advice he received as well as the winning expectations he has in every match he attempts. The conclusion is that what matters is not winning but being able to improve from the previous attempt. The application of the section to sports is that practice makes perfect and that critics are very important. The player could not see his mistakes while on the mat but after Mr. Parker sat him down and took him through the analysis session he was able to discover his mistakes and eventually improved (Joe, 1982). In addition to that, in any game, the player must never play a defensive game since it only leads to frustrations. In life, the section can be used to educate people about patience and perseverance. This is because after practicing and perfecting ourselves there is still no guarantee of winning or emerging the best. As we try to improve ourselves an