ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Observing Race in a Sports Event The issue of racial diversity in sports has been a subject of intense debate in recent years. I had an opportunity to attend a basketball tournament organized by the University recently and noted that some races were underrepresented in this sport. The University’s student population is culturally diverse as the institution attracts people from all over the world. While most of the institution’s clubs, including the music program, are racially diverse, only a few races dominate the University’s basketball team. In this tournament, I noted that the predominant races in most of the teams were African American and Caucasian (Whites). In contrast, Asians, Hispanics, and Latinos were underrepresented in all the teams that took part in this tournament. This lack of diversity can be blamed on many factors, including tough recruitment practices, talent, and mentorship. However, the main factor that drives African Americans and other minority groups into joining sports as professional players is economic empowerment. It can be argued that basketball allows minority groups to improve their present economic status as well as that of their family. Although the lack of racial diversity in the University’s basketball team is apparent, few people seem to recognize it. The University has not taken concrete steps to create a balanced racial representation within the basketball team. Moreover, students from the underrepresented racial groups, such as Asian and Latino races, show indifference towards sports, particularly basketball. This may hamper the efforts of attaining a correct representation in sports. Although the University is a culturally diverse institution, racial diversity within sports organizations, especially basketball, is poor. The University is reputed for its strong science and engineering programs, and thus, only encourages diversity in these fields. The University’s basketball association has not taken steps to attract the other groups, which implies that it does not perceive diversity as lacking in basketball. During this tournament, I noted that the interaction amongst the players was not influenced by race or skin color. The players, both whites and African Americans, worked as a team with a common goal of emerging victorious. This common interest tended to blur the line between the two races. It seemed to me that the player’s athletic skills and talent were more important than his ethnic background. In the field, the players cooperated well and even hugged each other after the interval. It was evident that they were indifferent to each other’s racial identity. Even the team’s jubilant supporters were from different races. Racial diversity has many benefits. It introduces new ways of doing things, which increases a group’s productivity. Besides the economic benefits, diversity in groups enhances relations amongst the different races in modern social institutions. However, racial diversity can a
The Identifier Table                                                                                                               Media Article                                                                                                      Research Article                                                                                                                Title of Article                                                                                              Two-Dimensional Metamaterial Surface Manipulates Light                                                             Broadband and Wide Field-of-view Plasmonic Metasurface-enabled Waveplates                                                       Source of Article                                                                                             Science Daily                                                                                                      Scientific Reports                                                                                                              Date of Publication                                                                                           14 January 2015                                                                                                    19 December 2014                                                                                                                Was the research done by the author of the article?                                                           No, the author adapted the article from the materials provided by Pennsylvania State Materials Research Institute  Yes, the authors and researchers are Zhi Hao Jiang, Lan Lin, Ding Ma, Seokho Yun, Douglas Werner, Zhiwen Liu, and Theresa Mayer Where are the Authors from (if information is available)? Give the name and location of their place of work.                                                                                                                     Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science, Pennsylvania State University                             Summaries The scholarly article represents the results of the experiment conducted by Zhi Hao Jiang and the group of researchers from the Pennsylvania State University who fabricated plasmonic metasurface-based nanostructures for using them to change certain properties of light. The purpose of the research was to fabricate the specific two-dimensional metasurfaces that could alter the properties of light with the focus on the polarization transformation (Jiang et al. 2). The researchers analyzed the limitations and drawbacks of different types of waveplates to achieve the desired optical effect and polarization conversion, and they constructed the plasmonic metasurface-based nanostructures that combined all the desired properties. Much attention was paid to the qualities of broadband waveplates and wide-angle wave plates for polariz
Introduction In software development, Computer Aided Software Engineering tools (CASE tools) are indispensable as they cut down the cost and time of software development while at the same time improving their efficiency and quality. They also make it easy for information to be presented in a logical manner thus making communication easy. They are often used as supports for traditional methods and object-oriented methodologies. Many researches have focused on the use of CASE tools in the workplace. However, very few of them have compared the existing options of CASE tools. Therefore, this essay provides a comparison of two of the existing CASE tools based on parameters like repository, forward engineering features, reverse engineering features, and modelling tools. It also provides a suggestion of the better CASE tool. Comparison For the sake of comparison of the CASE tools, two tools, visual analyst and the IBM rational software, were selected. The comparison involved focusing on the repository techniques used, the forward and reverse engineering characteristics, as well as the modelling tools used. These are looked at in details leading to an appropriate conclusion on the preferred CASE tool. Repository Repository is necessarily a base of reverse engineering and the standard starting point for the same. It is also the main approach and preliminary point as well as a template in the modernisation of COBOL. Developers of any application need a repository to ease their work besides cutting cost to improve efficiency during the development and upgrading of IT systems. Another key function of repository is binding of the tools used in Visible Analyst (VA). Importation of information in the form of diagrams and objects into repository is a precursor of VA modelling tools, which store them before use. A repository therefore forms the foundation in the development of models besides acting as the obligatory initial point irrespective of the method used. The quality of a repository also has an overall effect on the success of the development. The use of the repository is common to both the visual analyst and IBM rational software with varying differences evident on the utilization of services (Roger, 2001, p.23). The use of repository in CASE tools is noteworthy because it facilitates information storage. The efficiency of a repository system in a CASE tool determines the success of the tool and hence the popularity among clients (O’Brien, 1995, p.34). The content of a repository includes data, process, models, and rules or constraints. The IBM rational software uses a secure repository to manage contents besides providing a centralized store of data on businesses and other related information. A viewer only gets read-only rights
Problem Identification The core of success in the automotive business is innovation and new technological changes introduced each year. Before a car is manufactured, it is designed and tested. The main problem faced by the automotive business today is the lack of coordination and cooperation between departments and functions dealing with concept cars. “The most important part of this department is the creative ideas that come out of it, and allowing all the employees to collaborate, across continents sometimes, is hugely important” (Understanding Correct Roles and Responsibilities 2008). These processes demand constant change. Automakers are impressed by the volume of change in the workplace in recent years and regularly conduct an informal surveys. If they reflect the experiences of typical project workers, they indicate that projects are being carried out in an environment of astounding turmoil. Such turmoil leads to fluctuating priorities, blurred visions of goals, and “rubber baselines.” Ultimately, it contributes to schedule slippages, cost overruns, poorly specified requirements, and reduced customer satisfaction. Clearly, an important management challenge for project managers is the management of change. In a stable world, change management is a nonissue: automakers carefully develop a plan and then stick to it. But in a chaotic world, they must come to grips with the inevitability of change. The idea of developing a plan and sticking to it is absurd in a wildly fluctuating world. The change will happen. The big question is, are the companies prepared to deal with it? Concept car technology is changing at an ever-faster pace. Such change has dramatic implications for conducting project work. In an era when the life expectancy of new technology is extremely short, any project that has a time horizon greater than six months must grapple with changing technology. Common questions that project staff face includes these: Is a particular solution that we recommend going to be relevant next year in view of changes in technology? How does technological change affect the way we conduct our operations internally? A ubiquitous source of change on projects is ke
Explain how God’s omniscience appears to rule out human free will. Next, explain how Augustine and Gersonides handle this problem. Who do you think is more right, and why? Within religious idealism, the belief the God is omniscient. The belief is that God is a being, who is not only the creator of everything in existence and is the central source of wisdom, love, and divine intervention in the universe. In the realm of philosophy, omniscience refers to essentially having the knowledge of all the true intentions of the universe and knowing which intentions do not hold true. The essential idea behind this concept can be explained by considering the terms which are used to describe individuals in the first person. If an individual expresses I am in pain , in this case, the only manner in which omniscience can exist is if another individual understands how the person sees his pain, not simply how he sees it himself. The question of course then becomes can free will exist in humans in the presence of God’s omniscience. Before we begin trying to understand how the two concepts may be compatible or incompatible, it is first important to consider how human beings see the future. For human beings knowledge of the future is a problematic concept since our perception of the reality around us is entirely dependent on our current environment. We cannot know the future because the future as an environment cannot be perceived by individuals. Thus, our reasoning regarding the future is entirely dependent on our perception of the present. Thus, if we consider that God knows all the actions of human beings in the present and in the future, then it follows that God will know every action an individual takes. But then the question becomes if an individual has free will, does that mean that individuals can avoid committing to the same actions they are expected to do. Or perhaps if it is foretold that a person will do a particular act, does that mean that an individual does not have the will to choose to desist from committing the act (Cahn). The question then becomes if God has foreknowledge of human actions, and human beings have foreknowledge of their actions, then does that mean that this knowledge gives human beings the ability to change such an action. There have been various philosophers who have attempted to tackle this question, to answer if there is compatibility between free will and determinism. One method which philosophers use to provide proof that God is omniscient is by saying that there are no facts that can accurately allow an individual to say what will happen in the future. Prior to someone exercising his or her free will, there is no way for any person to k
Introduction A progressive disciplinary action is a tool developed to positively correct misconduct within an organization and improve employee’s performance at the workplace (Heathfield 1). In most cases, a disciplinary action imposed on employees whose behavior is negatively affecting other employees. Progressive Disciplinary Action Form Part A: Employees information Date: …………………………………..                         Employees name ……………………………………………………………………………… Department ……………………………………………………………………………………….  Part B: (Complete every part of this form by filling in on the spaces created)   * Notice of verbal warning    * Notice of written warning   * Notice of suspension        * Notice of termination      Reason(s) for facing disciplinary action.   * Violation of the organization policies and rules   * Violation of the organization practices            * Unsatisfactory performance                        Prior discussion with the employee concerning the issue. First meeting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The supervisor must meet the employee and discuss the accusation (Indiscipline, poor performance, or violation of organization rules and policies). A written agreement over the issue must be filed for records (“Progressive disciplinary action form” 1). Second meeting                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The second meeting will take place if the employee continuously repeated the mistakes. The disciplinary team and HR must be notified. All investigations and evidence must be presented before the disciplinary team.                                        The date, time, and place of the discussions must also be recorded.                                                                                                                                                                                           Statement of organization policies on the matter. The organization’s rules and policies concerning the indiscipline case of the employee must be stated at this point. This will ensure that the employee is aware of the violation.  Prior disciplinary action. Involves a Summary of the entire prior discipline action process against the employee. Indicate the stages involved for example; verbal or written reprimand steps. The supervisor must also clarify to the employee the future consequences if the verbal and written reprimand wasn’t taken seriously. A written memo to this discussion must
Abraham (2012, p. 20) defines strategic planning as a process used by an organization to make organizational plans and decisions of allocating resources in a way that makes it possible to pursue the set objectives, vision and mission of an organization. As a matter of fact, strategic planning is an important practice in any organization. Studies demonstrate that about 75 percent of all organizations which collapse in the corporate world are characterized by poor strategic planning (Olsen 2011, p. 80). In addition, strategic planning can also be described as a professional exercise carried out to ensure the success of an organization. It is not a complex myriad of functions as it has been perceived by some managers today. This paper offers a succinct discussion of different views which have been developed to describe the process of strategic planning and gives recommendations of how management teams should understand and execute strategic planning in this modern era especially in regards to the transport sector. To begin with, it is notable that strategic planning in public transport sector has become a widespread practice that cannot be done away with quite easily. It is essential to note that planning is a management tool that has been used to improve the performance of public transport sector. In this case, this topic is important since it assists in identifying the essence of planning in ensuring effective development in public transport system. For instance, research has revealed that strategic planning helps in eradicating impending challenges in public transport sector hence increasing efficiency in overall service delivery (Burt 2006, p.890). Hence, a literature review on strategic management in public transport sector will indeed provide the much needed insight on how this area of public management can be improved. Literature review From the empirical research studies, it has been revealed that strategic planning causes flexibility in public transport sector (Falshaw, Glaister &Tatoglu 2006, p. 9). Evidence has shown that strategic planning has a long history. In this case, it has been used to develop comprehensive plans and long-term strategies to increase opportunities and efficiency in public transport sector. Scholars argue that this aspect requires knowledge and skills in order to enhance the sector’s capability to develop and put into practice premeditated plans. According to Falshaw, Glaister and Tatoglu (2006, p. 9), strategic planning should be made formal and elaborate since it is a lengthy process. Nevertheless, Abraham (2012, p.54) opposes the argument and claims that strategic planning should be made flexible since it is subject to change especially in turbulent times and which may not be readily expected. There exists an argument that strategic planning should have a shortened cycle to ensure that impending plans are not outdated by the passage of time and accompanying advances in technolo
Overview Knowledge management has brought about discussions with majority of business leaders questioning its necessity and implications in an organization. Ideally, the concept of knowledge management has widely been adopted even though its implementation still remains a challenge. Knowledge management together with quality system in an organization helps to increase efficiency in meeting the objectives. This is achieved because knowledge management instills some values in the employees changing their way of doing things. In general, majority of the business organizations would want to use a strategy that is a widely adopted business model and is believed to produce the best organizational behavior. In this regard, it would be appropriate to discuss knowledge management around a business model that is popularly used. This paper is going to discuss issues that revolve around ‘European Foundation for Quality Management’ model. European Foundation for Quality Management has been popularly used by many organizations. Before I explore EFQM, it is important to understand the basic concepts of this model. EFQM excellence model is a management model that has nine steps of achieving its mission. The components of this model are categorized into two which are enablers and results. Enablers comprise of things that an organization is capable of doing while the results category is the achievements that the organization should strive to meet. The model recognizes the fact that the best results in an organization can be achieved when the following aspects are adhered to: performance, customers, people and society. Leadership Under this category, the model proposes that leaders are responsible for planning, creating the mission, vision and procedures to be followed for the good of the organization. Leaders are to design policies and procedures which are to be implemented appropriately to ensure management systems of the organization are followed to the later. Policy and strategy Under the component of policy and strategy, an organization is supposed to articulate the procedures through which it will implement the mission and vision in ways that are acceptable by all stakeholders of the organization. The model proposes that the critical role of management should be provision of strategic direction, support professionalism and supporting staff in learning new skills to help them remain competitive. Management strategies should ensure that, human capital is fully utilized and make sure that they are included in policies of the organization. People The model takes issue with the manner in which the organ