ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The name business intelligence (BI) is a name that was formed in the mid 1950s to describe the act of changing un-grouped data from a company’s or an organization’s contrasting functional data into a common data warehouse that could help the organization to come up with or in reporting and presenting information. The person uses this collected data network through an easy-to-use interface which functions to display the outcome of the extraction, transformation and loading procedure. This is commonly known as the ETL procedure and it is used to expand the data warehouse. This particular network also acts as an ordered reporting environment that distributes the completed and available functional reports and business decisions all over the various departments of the organizations. It is noted that in the recent times, service oriented architecture (SOA) has decided to start supplanting and augmenting data warehousing and business intelligence implementations (Biere, 2003). This action of merging data warehousing and business intelligence has a business advantage in that the reporting and making of decisions are carried out or are dependent on a common functional view or better still on one model of the truth. Access to business intelligence information has become timely and it is also known that graphic dashboards have been developed with the main aim of keeping tracks of major business operations. As a result, this has made business intelligence more graphic intensive. Practically, charts and business graphics now form a common part of reports. The graphic dashboards were named so because of their resemblance to the usual automobile or car dashboards. They work by giving operational information at a glance (Moss & Atre, 2003). Business intelligence is made up of various techniques of analyzing data and conveying the information that the would-be customers or users will need. The categories include: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) used in collecting spatial data; Standard statistical method used for collecting quantitative data for the purpose of forecasting, predictive models, and decision trees; and Semantic analysis method which is usually used for textual data (Biere, 2003). The Geographic Information System and Business Intelligence Geographic information system is an old but well developed and very informed technology that sprung up in the university’s computer science development in the later years of the 1960s. The main reason for coming up with geographic information system was to relate the available collected data with geographic referenced map graphics and pictures so as to help people understand the impact and effects of geography
Facebook is a social network that allows people to communicate to one another irrespective of their location. It lets its users to sign up; create their personal profiles, search and invite friends to be part of their contact list. With the friend list one will effectively communicate to the other through a chat, messaging or commenting of an updated status. Facebook has brought a huge number of people together letting them share ideas, recent news and stories. However, facebook has also helped in the marketing field. It has brought a truly new level in the business world of personal marketing where a business associate can interact with other associates and focus in a specific target audience (Dharra, 2010). Facebook has proved to be unique in the world of personal marketing. This is because it lets businesses to create a strong business relationship with specific clients. There are many forms of advertising but the use of facebook for personal marketing is unique. Facebook lets one to brand them self and also to convince their clients of irresistible value of the products or services one is offering, hence positioning one as the leading in the target market. For instance, the price of advertising on facebook is barely little. This is because one is required to sign up in facebook then create a page, invite prospective customers in the page and introduce the product to the customer. The beauty of this form of personal marketing is that, when one is signing into facebook they voluntarily provide some basic information and details like gender, birth date and location, favorite TV shows and even religious and political views. This helps the marketer to choose the target market, get the views of these clients about the product and also the possible ways to improve the product (Granville, 2004). Facebook has the option of one uploading ads as a form of personal marketing. With these ads, one marketer will pay for every click by a client on the ads to view the product of interest. This makes facebook very cheap in terms of the price of advertising and its flexibility. When an audience clicks on the product of interest, the client may pose a clarification or remark on the product, the sales person will be in a position to make adjustments to address questions or concerns of the customer. This is an advantage as compared to other non-personal forms of advertising like radio advertising which is inflexible in the short term to easily address the questions and concerns of customers. This makes facebook a unique way of personal marketing of products (Granville, 2004). Facebook is not just a passing fad but is to stay. It has so many strengths in using it for personal marketing. Facebook is a great resource for generating brand awareness since using facebook application will help one to engage consumers and build a relationship with the consumers. Facebook also helps in management due to the response of the consumers on the product being sold. This helps the management to mak
The development of a global community holds a lot of promise for the improvement of human rights. The basis for such a community is mutual understanding among different countries people groups and an increasing sense of universal responsibility towards all members. This is attainable by implementing a common code of human rights across the globe along the lines of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The declaration’s development was consultative and was not the product of any one nation but that of the United Nations member states hence it promises to provide the binding code required to define international human relations without raising the fear of cultural imperialism. A community comprises several members who share certain characteristics in their way of life. It is one where members have “interests and concerns that go beyond national interests and concerns” (Iriye 6).The elements shared vary and may include values, resources, geographical space, and challenges, among others. For a community to be global, it requires to have certain elements that do not limit its existence to particular pockets of humanity. This includes geographical spread, universal values, and shared aspirations among its membership. It should have the capacity to act universally, and to have its effects and influence felt across the world. Since the advent of the internet, the concept of a global community has gained much currency as the internet reduces the gap created by spatial barriers. People from all over the world participate in global forums and participate in internet activity creating the ground for truly global communities. Social media platforms led by Facebook present some of the largest global communities where social media users interact to share their thoughts, hopes, and aspirations. One of the expressions of shared values in the global community is human rights. Human rights are certain entitlements to any human being simply by virtue of being human. The United Nations defined human rights applicable to all people on earth to all member countries. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights lists the agreed upon standards in a set of thirty articles. The declaration speaks of a human brotherhood and aims at creating a world where human beings relate in an equal fashion, with access to opportunities to acquire basic resources for life, along with dignity and respect. This document is an excellent basis for the development of a global community, where human rights form part of the universal values upheld by all members. They provide an equalizing platform for all people. Donnelly observes, “Human rights are equal rights” (10). It is not accurate to regard human rights as a form of cultural imperialism. This is because no one imposes these rights on anyone else in themselves, but a stronger community may use advocacy for the r
Introduction “Quadriplegia is a form of paralysis, paralysis defined as the loss of function for one or more muscle groups.” (Paralysis, Paraplegia and Quadriplegia, 2010) Paralysis always has a negative impact on the victim and his or her loved ones. This condition often eliminates or reduces the function “of muscles, tendons or joints that help control and regulate the basic body movements.” (Burgunder, 2001) “From the definition Quadriplegia is a type of cerebral palsy that often affects all the four limbs of the body.”(Quadriplegia – causes, symptoms, treatment, 2010) ‘Quad’ means four, implying the four limbs, “though the condition may involve the entire body trunk from the neck down. This paralysis is more often as a result of neck injuries.” (Quadriplegia – causes, symptoms, treatment, 2010) The condition limits the neuro-transmitted signals from reaching to these body parts. Quadriplegia ultimately affects the victim’s quality of life. “In addition to loss of mobility, quadriplegia can affect digestive capabilities, bladder control and numerous other aspects of life.” (Paralysis, Paraplegia and Quadriplegia, 2010) This paper seeks to establish the causes of Quadriplegia; symptoms and effects on an individual’s life and offering care to the victims. Causes and symptoms of Quadriplegia “The most common cause of Quadriplegia is cervical (neck) injuries which often result into the four limb paralysis.” (Quadriplegia – causes, symptoms, treatment, 2010)The injuries might be sustained as a result of an accident where the neck region is involved. This may range from car accidents, which is the most common cause, to falls. The traumatic injuries sustained on the spinal cord often lead to the paralysis manifested. “The higher the injuries, the more severe the paralysis, injuries above the C4 level often require a ventilator or electrical implant for the person to breathe.” (Quadriplegia – causes, symptoms, treatment, 2010) This is due to the fact that the “diaphragm is controlled by spinal nerves exiting in the upper part of the neck.” (Spinal cord injury, 2010) Apart from the traumatic injuries, quadriplegia can result from other causes. Hereditary spastic Quadriplegia (HSD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by a progressive quadriplegia that can occur at a varied ages and is often accompanied by various symptoms. “The pathophysiology of the HSD has been better understood by the advancement in molecular genetics which has made it easy to pinpoint the several gene loci involved.” (Burgunder, 2001) Presently, the genes, a dominant form, spastin, one recessive form, quadriplegin, and two X-chromosamal forms phospholipoprotein and L1-CAM, have been described. The genes have been classified and described from a clinical phenotypic startpoint. HSD normally presents varied symptoms which may include: Muscle atrophy; decrease in the nerve vibration sense, sensory neuropathy with tropic disturbances of bones and the skin; striatio
The term sound localization is used to mean the ability of the listener to identify the origin or location of the sound and its direction (Goldstein 9). For instance, if you are standing in the hall and a friend calls from behind, you will automatically know that he/she is behind without even looking. This is because you can detect where the sound is coming from. Sound localization is also important as it helps the hunter to locate the hiding place of the prey or a person can tell the specific location of an animal. Since it is an important aspect of our lives, much research has been done on this area to try and understand the mechanism of sound localization. According to sound localization, the sound is placed in three types of coordinates systems. These include; azimuth, elevation, and distance coordinate. The azimuth is the horizontal coordinate that refers to the sounds that are located to the right or left in comparison to the listener. For the ear to find azimuth sound it uses interaural time differences (ITD) which refer to the disparities between the sounds reaching each ear. In other terms, ITD refers to the amount of time taken for a sound wave to hit one ear compared to the other ear. The work of ITD is to help the ear distinguish whether the sound is originating from the left or right side. The elevation coordinate uses spectral cues to detect the sound when it is coming from above or below the ears. The ear can detect the location of the sound below or above it by measuring the differences in sound frequency caused by bouncing waves around the pinnae. The spectral cues arise when the head and pinnae of the ear affect the sound frequency (Goldstein 40). The difference between the actual sound and the sound that enters the eye after bouncing around the pinnae is referred to as the directional transfer function (DTF). It becomes difficult to locate the sound if the pinnae are smooth. In addition, a recent study has indicated the likelihood of the disparity of auditory perceptions if a person’s pinnae are altered. There has been little research on the distance coordinates which is used to measure the distance between the person receiving the sound and its origin. The distance cues used by the ear include the movement parallax, sound frequency, reflection, and sound level. The distance will affect the sounds since the atmosphere tends to absorb the higher frequencies. In addition, a sound that is closer to the ear will tend to move across our field of view quicker than those that are far away. In the following paragraphs, problems involving the Azimuth and distance coordinates are discussed. Sometimes in our lives, sound localization may break down as a result of various causes. If a person has ear damage resulting in deafness it becomes impossible for him to locate sounds. The ability to locate sounds will eventually decrease or collapse if the auditory cortex is injured. This is because sound localization processing takes place in the auditory cortex of the brain. A person is able to locate specific sound origins due to the timings of neurons in the audito
The death penalty is a controversial topic that continues to elicit a lot of debate in the contemporary society as it did in ancient civilizations. Several questions have been raised regarding this topic, for example, should we abolish the death penalty? or, does death penalty violate man’s fundamental right to live? Whenever the issue of death penalty comes, opponents and proponents stand up to defend their positions. One side says deterrence, the other side says the possibility of killing an innocent person. One side says fairness, the other side replies retribution, and punishment claims are met with ‘killing is murder’. Whatever side of the debate we explore, it is plain that the death penalty is a denial of the basic human rights as it contravenes the right to life as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as stated by the UN. The death penalty is the ultimate form of cruelty, inhuman, and demeaning act that can ever be perpetuated on an individual. Since court sentences and punishment are meant to be a disciplinary act, then a death penalty contradicts the law itself as it does not give an offender a second chance at reform. Besides, various studies have proved that the death penalty does not deter future offenders from committing the same crimes that would lead to a similar penalty, therefore, the death should be banned in all countries. One of the arguments that has always that has always been used to defend death penalty is deterrence. The notion that executing persons who break certain laws will deter persons from engaging in similar crimes sounds convincing, besides, deterring any form of crime is for the good of all of us. However, the jury is still torn whether this form of punishment actually deters crime as a number of studies have shown that heavy punishment does not necessarily imply deterrence. Should we give the death penalty to prove that we are serious? Does a criminal mind ever consider the existence of a death penalty? No. Studies indicate that unless executions reach a certain level, crimes that warrant the death penalty may continue unabated. Most death penalties are normally given to persons that commit murder. However, behavioral studies have shown that most murders are normally committed in response to strong feelings of passion or anger, or by persons who are under the influence of alcohol or drugs who act impetuously. For this reason, they do not act rationally and do not think of the consequences of their actions. Giving such an individual a life sentence does not really help him and instead amounts to another murder. The Merriam-Webster defines murder as the “unlawful killing of one person by another, especially with premeditated malice”, going by this definition, it becomes plain that a death sentence is in itself another execution. The only section of the definition that supports the court’s act is the unlawful part. The death sentence is normally full of flaws and inconsistencies, this claim arises from the number of persons that have been released from death row after additional inquiries into their crimes. Besides, we know from research supported by the strongest and most accurate
In today’s modern times the separation of religion and state is widely practiced and is dictated in most democratic constitutions. However, if we look back into the ancient history of the world, one will note that religion and politics were practiced simultaneously by church leaders and the political powers of the time. Thereby signifying that church and politics will always be interrelated. After all, Jesus Christ was condemned to death because he spoke out against the political leaders of the time in connection with his preaching of salvation and equality amongst men. It was during this time in history that religion became an effective tool for social change. Preachers of the era tried to enact changes in society based upon their religious preachings and beliefs. Pharoah’s and kings had religious advisers whose main job was to explain the social repercussions of their actions. To this very day, all politicians have a “spiritual adviser”. However, spiritual advisement no longer carries the same weight as it used to do and does not serve to enact any major social changes in today’s politics. Sometimes, as in the case of Sen Baraack Obama, religion can even cause irreparable damage to politics and politicians. Since the two have been closely related throughout time, it should only seem logical that they are practiced simultaneously by the state right? In my opinion, the answer to that question is no. Call me a Gnostic but I believe that the two cannot be implemented at the same time without anarchy breaking loose because religion and politics have 2 very different foundations. Religion is based upon a spiritual belief which sometimes seems too fictitious already to practice in real life. While politics is based upon reality and is meant to deal with matters about society in a straightforward situation. However, some believe that politics without religion is a misguided attempt to guide a country’s citizens towards the right path. That may be true but, in my personal opinion, religion and its supporting beliefs belong to the private choices of an individual and has nothing to do with politics. After all, all the problems in today’s international political arena stem from the varying religious beliefs of people. Religion in politics only brings chaos. Just look at the Tibetans, the Kurds, The Shi’ites, the Taliban… what do they all have in common? War, social problems, and p
Introduction War crimes committed against humanity ought to be shade light on for the sole purpose of avoiding such occurrences taking place again. War crimes have continuously been committed by nations of the earth. This article will briefly discuss three events which should be viewed as war crimes and which took place during the World War II. The article will give the motivations behind those who undertook the actions and will clearly show why the actions should be considered as war crimes. What is a war crime? It is very significant to be clear on what constitutes a war crime for this article to make any sense. The United Nations definition of war crime will be adopted for the argument made in this article. The Holocaust Even for those who have a shallow knowledge of the holocaust, it is clear that it has been the biggest genocide to have ever occurred. Six million Jews were systematically killed without mercy. They were lied to, gathered and led to their deathbeds just like animals to an abattoir. It is clear that the holocaust was a war crime by the fact that, these were innocent civilians (UN 1) who were targeted specifically because of the hatred that Hitler had for them. As a matter of fact, the outbreak of the WW II had nothing to do with the Jews and it is clear that the Jews were specifically targeted for elimination. They were transported from foreign regions outside Germany and brought to the concentration camps to face their death. The Holocaust is a classical example of how the deep the hatred of men can be. The Bombing of Dresden This is yet another event that qualifies to be considered a war crime. The bombs were dropped in a highly populated city and there were so many deaths. Targeting of civilians is an act of a war crime and this is what happened at Dresden when the Russians attacked the Dresden. Bombing of residential houses is clear indication of targeting civilians (UN 1) and the Dresden bombing should be classified as a war crime. The Atomic Bombs In as much as the US might have wanted to stop the war by using the atomic bombs, it was aware the bombs would affect the civilians more than anything else. Think of the radiations which were going to affect people for generations. The physical structures could be easily put up again after the war but the genetically deformation and resultants mutation arising from exposure to the atomic bombs would be disastrous on the human beings. It was clear that the United States wanted to prove its mightiness but then it was done at the expense of innocent civilians. It should be noted that Nagasaki and Hiroshima were not villages but cities filled with civilians and not army artilleries. War ships and barracks are not found in cities. It is very clear that the US was on its way to annihilate the Japanese in the most mercilessly and cruel manner