ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
During the 1840s, local time system was replaced by railway standard time format in countries like Scotland, Wales and England. Later on, time transmission evolved whereby Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was put into use as the standard time reference for the entire world wide (Braganza, 2005). However, scientists were concerned over the ineffective mode of time keeping as opposed to the atomic clocks which were highly accurate. This was due to the fact that the earth’s motion was perceived to be declining its rate by about one thousand seconds per day. In the process of adjusting fluctuation rate, an effective strategy of measuring time was invented, namely the Greenwich Mean Time. The latter has been used as the world’s standard mode of measuring time for long period (Braganza, 2005). Longitudes are commonly used in computation of time due to reliability. It also assists in obtaining accurate navigational data. Two consecutive meridians or longitudes are separated by 15 degrees (Braganza, 2005). On the same note, the earth covers a distance of 360 degrees in a single rotation. Hence, there is time duration of one hour between two consecutive longitudes. This interval is referred to as a time zone. However, researchers assert that time zones have been interfered with due to unique differences that exist in various countries across the globe (Jerry & Fisher, 2009). Time zones are obtained by computing the quotient between the total number of degrees covered either to the east or west of the prime meridian and 15 degree (Jerry & Fisher, 2009). When moving to the east of the prime meridian and upon reaching a new time zone, one hour is added to the current time system. Hence, movement towards the east demands the subtraction of one hour from a clock. One outstanding importance of Time zones is that they are used to unify system of keeping time on a global basis. This is due to the fact that different places in the word experience different time intervals (Jerry & Fisher, 2009). Time zones are also used in global trade and transport activities since the global community can appropriately and easily keep time and date. Several geological and biological changes have occurred since the time when earth was formed (Bachman & Seeds, 2011). Initially, the earth was predominantly made up of rocky objects dated million of years ago. Scientific researchers have argued that there were lumps of dust that that formed huge particles prior to the formation of the earth (Seeds & Bachman, 2009). The earth’s atmosphere was dominated by carbon dioxide gas. This gas had emanated from ultra violet rays emitted from the sun, volcanism and bombarding meteors. There was absolutely no oxygen found in the earth’s atmosphere. Additionally, the earth’s crust was cold but it later started melting due to radioactive processes and pressure from bombarded meteorites that produced heat (Bachman & Seeds, 2011). This made the molten earth to form layers varying in density with the dense materials at the bottom and the light ones at the top. The very mater
Introduction Vodafone Group Plc is a company based in England; it provides telecommunication services and operates worldwide. The company is listed in the London Stock exchange primarily but has a secondary listing on Nasdaq. This paper has analyzed the financial reports of the company, compared it with its peers, and evaluated the risks of investing in Vodafone Plc. On the ratio analysis, four types of ratios were analyzed: solvency, profitability, valuation, and liquidity ratios. For solvency ratios, the debt-to-equity analysis found that Vodafone was in the safe zone. ROE is the profitability ratio that was analyzed; it revealed abysmal performance from the company. Valuation ratios such as PB showed that Vodafone had a low return on equity and assets. Efficiency ratios analyzed were asset turnover, where Vodafone was found to have a moderate rate of converting assets to revenue. A look at the company’s financial statements showed that, ironically, 2020 was a better year for them than 2019 and that the company could be in a better position to recover from the effects of the pandemic. In comparing it with its peers, it was revealed that the rosy 2020 results were not an industry-wide phenomenon. It also revealed that its ratios are within tolerable industry averages. On the valuation of its stock, Vodafone stock is a buy since it has been on sideways movement for quite some time and is doing some restructuring that could increase its revenue. Company Overview Vodafone Group Plc is a telecommunications company from the UK with headquarters in Newbury, England. Some of the regions in which it operates include Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania; the company operates in 20 countries as of 2020 and has partnerships in 48 others (“Vodafone”). Vodafone Global Enterprises is the organization’s global division and provides IT and telecommunication services to more than 150 clients. Vodafone’s primary listing is the London Stock exchange where it is part of the FTSE 100; it also has a secondary Nasdaq listing. Vodafone employs over 93,000 people as of 2020, and its CEO is Nick Read, while Jean-Francois Van Boximeer is the chairperson (“Vodafone”). The company reported €44.974 billion in revenue, €4.099 billion operating income, €455 million in net income, and €62.625 billion in total equity (“Vodafone Group Income”). This paper will look at the company’s financial reports, compare them with its peers and evaluate the risks associated with investing in them. Vodafone has seen a lot of developments lately and is in the process of listing its mast division. As of March 31, 2021, Vodafone stock was trading at £132.66 with a volume of 18.563 million (“Vodafone Group Historical”). Over the past 52 weeks, the highest stock price was £142.44, while the lowest was £87.11 (“V
Health care is one of the essential spheres that requires advanced knowledge and multiple skills from every employee. In this context, the role of a certified nurse practitioner (CNP) is hard to overestimate. To prevent disorders of any kind, treat patients, and achieve National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs), they perform various duties. This paper examines the clinical and non-clinical roles of CNPs. To illustrate how these theoretical issues correlate with practice and health care services improvement, the summaries of two research papers and an expert opinion article are given. Finally, the conclusions concerning the role of certified nurse practitioners in health care services delivery are made. The Main Roles of Certified Nurse Practitioner A certified nurse practitioner is a licensed, advanced practice registered nurse who has completed a prescribed educational program that helps would-be specialists acquire the necessary knowledge and develop skills in assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and management ( Independent practice , 2013). It is possible to single out clinical and non-clinical roles. While the former refers to direct patient care, the latter covers the spheres of education and management. Clinical Roles of CNPs Within the clinical environment, the primary responsibility of certified nurse practitioners is to provide persons and groups with direct care according to the level of their educational training and national certification. Initially, the CNP role occurred in primary care settings (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, & O’Grady, 2013). CNPs are those who carry out an assessment, patient treatment, and care activities either individually or in cooperation with other health care specialists, for instance, physicians. The majority of NPSGs pertains to CNPs’ work in clinical situations. For example, safe medicine usage depends on how a CNP establishes procedures and documents information. Another NPSG of paramount importance is to prevent infection. As CNPs frequently contact patients, they must seek for services enhancement: hand cleaning must be improved, and proven guidelines to prevent various types of infections must be used ( National Patient Safety Goals , 2016). Thus, the clinical roles of CNPs in treatment preparation and medical intervention are numerous. Non-Clinical Roles of CNPs In comparison with clinical responsibilities, non-clinical roles are more diverse. Many CNPs conduct research connected, as a rule, with their practice, or assist in research. Another significant role is organizational: a nurse practitioner often coordinates clinical data and regulates different details. These roles are reflected in the National Patient Safety Goals. One of them is to identify patients correctly: information about each patient is supposed to be properly organized. Another example is to improve staff communication: all necessary information should be delivered to the right staff member ( National Patient Safety Goals , 2016). Generally speaking, non-clinica
Business Overview The Ruby Tuesday restaurant is one of the oldest independent casual dining restaurant chains in America established in 1972 by Samuel E. Beall III as CEO at Maryville, Tennessee. It has been held and run by the same unit for the last 40 years. When it began Ruby Tuesday was a small place, stacked in a small room not big enough to be a garage, it seated no more than 10 people at a time by the Knoxville campus of Tennessee University. The fundamental stakeholders or key people are LeBoeuf, Rob, Duffy, Marguerite Naman and Samuel E. Beall III. They were university students at that time of establishment. In about 10 years, in 1982, once the business took off, Ruby Tuesday shifted to a bigger place in a, comparatively, up-market neighborhood. With the increase in size the Ruby Tuesday management also decided to employ a handful of waiters and kitchen help. At this point, Samuel formulated his own maxims for running a lucrative business with two major points. The first one is Good quality and nothing else will earn you good repute and the second one is Proper staff maintenance and nothing else will ensure good quality. Following the shift, the Lee’s business prospered thoroughly. From a small ground-floor restaurant, the Ruby Tuesday now became a two-storied affair in as little time as 3 years. It was still as warm and comfortable as before and the number of seats was still restricted but the waiters had increased, as had the menu. The Ruby Tuesday management had also employed a specialized chef, a manager and a maitre d’hotel. To ensure that their clientele gets nothing but the authentic experience of casual American taste the Ruby Tuesday management had also begun their very own chain of restaurants in the indifferent cities across the US (Hargreaves & Fink, 2003). Aim & Objectives The main aim is to recognize the important factors that are directly related to the development of an operational formulation for the future success of the organization and the mode of operation necessary for the implementation of the formulated operational strategy. In doing so it would be looked upon that a proper SWOT plan is constructed for identification of the organizational operational situation and current position. This would help formulate and incorporate the operati
Introduction US$ 20, 000 for a ticket, US$ 50, 000 to access smaller discussion units away from the main conference, and US$ 60, 000 for accommodation on the lower side. That is the cost of attending the ongoing 43 rd World Economic Forum popularly referred to as Davos 2011. Global leaders in various fields; industry, academia, civil society, government, and the media converge at the Swiss Ski resort during the annual meeting to reflect on, rethink, strategize, explore, find solutions to, and develop policies that shape world agenda. The meeting is one of the occasions when policymaking is a core business of the day. The art of policymaking is a common practice amongst leaders in many organizations whether public or private. According to the American Heritage Dictionary (2006), “policy making is; high development more particularly of official government policy’’. Officials in government institutions do develop public policies in order to provide solutions to public issues by means of a political process. Although policymaking is normally a long tedious demanding process, all the steps involved are actually necessary for desirable results to be archived. Policy making conforms to the steps discussed below for a better yield. Agenda setting This is the initial step into policy making where an issue of concern and/or to be evaluated by the government is brought up. The issue may be tabled by the government or citizens during consultations with government officials. Such consultations are necessary as individuals can advise on issues affecting them which officials may be oblivious of. If various matters come up to be addressed at this stage, prioritization is done in order to select what to first handle when all cases cannot be addressed at that particular juncture. Politicians, public officials, and elites should be accountable for their actions to the public and not pursue their personal interests without any constraints. Governments, and any other institutions for that matter involved in decision making process should be transparent and accessible to the public. Any concerns raised by stakeholders are factored in the process and they are offered a chance to freely challenge the decision making process. Formulation After setting the agenda described above, possible solutions are then elaborated at this stage. Public demand is taken into account in formulating a solution to the issue and possible available options are carefully weighed out. Special interest groups such as those whose concerns lie with the environment, business, and human rights, among others are consulted in the formulation process, caution is however taken not to divert from the main objective of the policy for their own purpose. It is understood that since many conflicting interests are involved, there is no one correct solution to the agenda as complex issues need to be solved in a versatile environment characterized by uncertainty. Decision-making After all considerations in the formu
Domestic violence is one of the worldwide crises which are affecting marriage and families. This poses the greatest threat to the general behavior of the people’s lives. The society in which we live has for many decades endeavored to conceal the reality of domestic violence. Although in the past, people were traditionally well behaved and thus leniency and respect that quenched the anger was abundant. This is not meant to mean that torture and family abuse were things and acts unheard of. Family violence could be provoked by either one of the parents or even a child of that family. This family violence is commonly associated with men, and research has given more evidence on this. This is quite well articulated to the greatest obstacle related to gender inequality. (McIntyre, 1984) Nowadays, family violence is quite a common phenomenon for both old and younger married men and women. Younger married women at the age of thirteen and twenties are at great risk of family violence. Men’s violence toward their wives has impacted their families’ progress mostly. Family violence takes many forms which include sexual abuse, physical assaults, and murder, emotional as well as restriction of freedoms and rights, coercion, and threats. Most of these violent acts have been reported to have been as a result of misuse of alcohol or drugs. High percentages of violent reports have been due to excessive drinking or from people addicted to alcohol. The majority of rape cases have been observed to be a pre-planned projects. it occurs as indoor raping exclusively by men towards their wives. This is termed violence against women because there is no desire for mutual feeling. The perpetrator may either want to show that the woman is subordinate to him i.e. He tries to demonstrate how powerful over his wife. (Grann & Fazel 2004) Family violence portrays a bad image of a family. Psychologically, men and women involved in family violence find disturb by negative questions in their daily life. They are seen to be neurotic and poor coppers. They become obsessed with things that are happening to their partner’s lifestyle rather than getting engage with developmental projects. This leads them in controlling the behavior of the other partner and this deters personal concentration on the matter of paramount importance. They are also affected such that they partner with those individuals with quake behaviors so that they may satisfy their comfort and steal their minds from the family problem realities. While there are enormous reports of intimate partner homicides, murders, rapes, and assaults, it is important to note that victims of all this violence find it very difficult to explain the matter and incidents to their friends. They view this as something shameful of disclosing family issues to the public. This is most very common with men because the man in his thinking capacity does not admit to overpowering always by his counterpart female partner. This make
Introduction In the course of teaching a language, it is common to encounter errors on the part of the teacher. Scholars like Zhu (2010) and Lyster (2002) have found that errors are brought about by an individual’s background. The same explains why a non-native speaker of a language has a high tendency to make errors (Pinker, 2007). When such a situation presents itself, the teacher’s approach in dealing with the learners is brought into scrutiny. The converse is also true. The current literature review addresses oral errors by students and how the nativity of their instructors informs corrective measures. The review examines the various ways through which native and non-native teachers of the English language address oral mistakes committed by their learners. Zhu (2010) points out that a native speaker of a language will approach oral errors in a different manner compared to a non-native. Zhu (2010) argues that a native might overlook certain errors, whereas a non-native will address each and every oral mistake. The review is divided into 2 sections. The first section looks at theoretical aspects of the subject. After this, a definition of errors are outlined and the attitudes towards mistakes made by students mentioned. Within the first section, the review also looks at error treatment. The notion of errors is well illustrated by such scholars as Kamila (2011), Pinker (2007), and Ferris (2011). The second section examines empirical aspects of the subject. Theoretical Framework The Notion of Errors Ferris (2011) addresses the notion of error by looking at the various contributing factors. The scholar opines that errors in a language are defined variously by different scholars. There are a number of definitions suggesting that errors are associated with multiple components. Allwright and Bailey (as cited in Pinker, 2007) define an error as the deviation of a given linguistic aspect from its correct format. The two researchers (Allwright and Bailey) argue that the ‘correct format’ of a language is that which is produced by a native speaker (Pinker, 2007). From their definition, it becomes apparent that when certain utterances are made (with regards to a given language), their correctness is determined by approval from a native speaker. One such example is evident in the pronunciation of certain words. An example is the word potato. A native English speaker will pronounce it as “pot-ay-to.” However, a non-native speaker will easily say “po-tah-to.” The element of pronunciation as a causative agent for errors is advanced in a definition suggested by Brumfit, Broughton, Flavell, Hill, and Pincas (as cited in Ferris, 2011). They posit that linguistic errors act as violations of the tenets of a given language. It follows that these mistakes are considered as such when they are viewed as the property of the nativity of a particular language. Separately, George (as cited in Kamila, 2011) suggests that errors are linguistic elements in nature. From the perspective of a language instructor, th
A mixed-method in research suggests combining the qualitative and quantitative approach to conduct a comprehensive and all-embracive data analysis. However, since it also incorporates the disadvantages thereof, the quality of data must remain the key focus. When conducting mixed-method research, one must be aware of the fact that the efficacy of the data collection process hinges on how research participants interpret information when taking part in a study. The rise in information subjectivity may lead to a drop in inference quality of the research results, therefore, jeopardizing the validity of study outcomes to a considerable extent. Similarly, the credibility and validity of the outcomes will be reduced significantly. In nixed research, it is important to address both qualitative and quantitative validity. In other words, both quantitative changes and changes in participants” attitudes must be examined. The specified effect can also be attributed to the extent to which a researcher interprets obtained data correctly. To collect quantitative data, a survey will be used. The identified tool will help measure the effects of using technology in an ESL classroom setting. A survey allows gathering succinct information and arranging it for its further usage and analysis. Therefore, a survey will become a crucial method of collecting information. To collect qualitative data, an interview will be utilized. It is expected that the survey will not cover all issues related to the topic of the research. Thus, the interview will become the extension of the survey. Thus, it will fill the blank areas that will be left after the interview is conducted. The interview will offer an in-depth exploration of the effects of technology in an ESL classroom context. Thus, the two tools will complement each other.