ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction History lives in everything we see or touch; it surrounds every street and every building. Even the most recently built houses have stories behind them. One can only imagine the kind of stories huge, old cities such as London could reveal. There could be billions of tales – some joyous, some sad, and some utterly terrifying. Many of them are long forgotten, but there are certain ones that are kept alive by the caring people impartial to the emotions related to them and the meanings they stand for. In order to preserve the memories of outstanding events and people, there exist memorials created specifically for the purpose of passing these stories, along with the wisdom they carry, to future generations. The focus of this paper is on one such memorial, situated in London and known as Postman’s Park. This beautiful location is a popular site that attracts visitors from all around the world. The memorial has a deep and sentimental value because it is dedicated to the commemoration of the self-sacrificial deeds of otherwise unremarkable people. Created during the Victorian era, the memorial is still kept in excellent condition for enthusiastic visitors to appreciate. However, it is worth noting that, just like many parts of London, the area that is now occupied by Postman’s Park has many layers of history. They will be explored
What have you learnt about communication through the development of your poster In the process of developing the poster, I have learnt a number of things, in relation to the field of communication. First, is that communication is gradually becoming fundamental human right and which should be accorded to each and every individual regardless of his/her age or social standing. I have also discovered that there are many countries out there in which the right to communicate is not treated as a right, with most of the citizens being subjected to extreme blocks by the government, whenever they decide to air their dissatisfaction with how the state is conducting its affairs. Finally, I have also learnt that the more developed countries of the world can play a critical role in ensuring that this basic right is treated with the kind of respect it deserves in all countries. This can be achieved by pushing the agenda through institutions such as the United Nations and the African Unions among others and helping develop the appropriate infrastructure. How you went about designing the poster. What strategy and procedures did you use? In designing this poster, I had to make sure that the message I needed delivered got to the intended audience in full. However, I also knew that it was important to make it visually attractive, such that individuals could be compelled to look at it even without prompting. In this regard, I first had to find photographs to use in the poster. The photos I chose captured the message I wanted to highlight in the poster, in a way that the viewer could relate to the message, even without having to read the text below the picture. Using the design software Photoshop , I lay out the basic dimensions of the poster. With the background well set, I took the photographs and positioned them properly on the page. Next, I needed a title that represented the message I wanted on the poster. After trying out a number of word combinations, I settled on Let’s Help Bridge The Gap , which I found appropriate because it was short enough to reduce clutter on the poster, but also adequate enough to summarize everything the poster bore. To make the title significant, I used a substantially bigger font, and different color from what I had planned to use in the main body of the poster. Having set the picture, the title and the background in place, it was time to put in the main message. I laid out a text box, immediately below the picture, and typed in everything I wanted to reach the target audience. After a little tweaking I found out that setting the text in columns made it much easier to read that having it presented as one whole block. I therefore presented in columns. The last line of the message was set out in one
Introduction Fake science or pseudoscience is a collection of practices, claims, or beliefs that comment on real science and related scientific information through claims that represent the latter as being subjective rather than objective. In this regard, fake science sets the stage for a critical evaluation of the assertiveness of the state of real science. Through fake science, skeptics raise counter-arguments that seek to correct facts as stated in real science. They support their counter-arguments using subjective opinions or real scientific facts. A good case in point is the case of solar panels where real science presents these sun-powered devices as being more environmentally friendly in comparison with other forms of energy such as coal, petroleum, and wind among many others, even though this perspective may not hold. Solar panels have a very low energy conversion rate (less than 30 percent) relative to other forms of energy. Also, the little amount of convertible energy sourced from solar panels can only cover a limited area. This situation makes the use of solar panels in large production firms redundant. Moreover, this form of energy consumes many resources to make it available. As a result, it leads to the production of considerable toxic waste products. Such evidence or information makes the power provided by solar panels insufficient to make up for the pollution and energy consumption it creates. Since the arguments from my survey do not represent or support ideas put up by real science, they can be regarded as part of fake science. Although real scientists regard fake science as being unconventional or exerting a negative or bad influence on the society and the scientific world in general, this paper argues that it may serve to offer a basis for an objective reflective review of facts claimed by real science through challenging its accuracy and genuineness with the intent of its overall improvement. History of the Concept Since its detection, fake science has sparked enormous criticism due to its claim of scientific authority where science does not apply as purported. Pseudoscientists have speculated science through a conjuncture of its proclaimed authority and misguided their audience through the selective use of scientific or non-scientific evidence. Historically, scientists, science teachers, and science believers have relentlessly promoted real science through the creation of awareness to protect society from adopting the concepts derived from fake science. For instance, Schutte affirms that fake science contributes to unreasonable stereotypes and false conjectures of how real science works (381). Science promoters and educators have historically tried to antagonize such stereotypes or misconceptions. For example, in the context of solar panels, the notion that the devices are not environmentally friendly as they have always been thought to be or promoted to be may be regarded as quite farfetched, misconstrued,
Introduction The manufacturer is manufacturing antique-style furniture that is really differentiated in the sense that it is very unique in outlook. The features fitted on the desks are clear indication that they will in one way be special in the market. Considering that the price of a product to a large extent determines how the product fares, it is quite important that the price charged be appropriate. Before setting the price for a commodity, it is important to take into mind various factors that will normally be realized after a thorough marketing research. Pricing strategies The manager in this case is trying to gain a market lead by penetration pricing. This is the setting of a lower price to attract many sales in the market so as to enhance dominance in the market (Brown, pp25). The marketing manager in the given case may therefore be justified in setting a lower price in the market. Setting a lower price is a good strategy of capturing the market within a short time frame. It comes from the fact that the consumers will always seek to spend less and less for more and more. The desks may therefore sell better in the market courtesy of the lower price that is charged. The low price charged will greatly determine the performance of the business in the long-run. From the managers’ scheme, it is inherent that the market for such desks is inundated with a lot of risks. Operating in a risky business environment requires the advantage of huge sales (Monroe, pp69). The strategy for low costs is therefore timely considering the need to cover all the risks. However, the low-cost strategy may not be appropriate for the business in marketing the desks. The manager can capitalize on the fact that the desks are differentiated to capitalize on the price. Antique products normally are a treasure to many people. The price charged will also determine buyers of a particular product. A higher price is likely to drive away low-income buyers who will find the desks quite expensive. However the impact of the high price will not be grave considering that the high price will attract many high-income earners. Rationale in fixing prices Several studies have shown that many products normally disobey the law of demand (Monroe,pp63). It has been seen that for certain products, an increase in the price increases the demand for such products. This is common in products that are special in one way or another. The desks, considering that they are antique in manner may evoke a sense of specialty in outlook, will automatically fall into that category. It would therefore be appropriate to sell the desks at a higher price than the conventional desks in the market. That will make many people seeking elegance and valor to buy the desks. For instance a price double the market rate will greatly attract many high income earners to buy the desks thereby boosting the revenue more than if the desks were priced at a lower price than the market rate. Most of the other pricing strategies may not be appropriate in marketing these desks considering their
The question of gender does not depend on the society and the prevailing context-constituting elements, including space and time. In other words, gender is an aspect of society and forms a social structure. Any attempt to redefine and reconstitute gender has its limits. Although the “changes” are judged based on how they deviate from the traditional thoughts, there is still much evidence of a salient gendered psychology of society. This phenomenon is best seen and understood by observing social contexts in which men and women interact. A social context is what Hochschild refers to as “magnified moment”, and is a metaphorical ‘society’ (4). One such context is the Super Bowl XLVI, the Patriots vs. the Giants game. The purpose of this paper is to explore how gender as a social structure is manifested in this context, what generally helps its perpetuation and how women attempt to change this situation. Discussion The Super Bowl case is not only a social context as a whole, but also a mosaic of micro-contexts. One could observe how men and the women relate with each other in this space where the football players create a strong consciousness about ‘masculinity’ on one end, and femininity on the other; the players in action or Madonna’s half-time performance. In Madonna’s performance for instance, it is quite evident how the male and female performers relate on the stage especially on the use of space and what they perform. Men who dance with Madonna are notably taller than she is. Mostly, the women flaunt their hips, while the men flaunt their muscles and do other things including sword-fights. In addition, the body languages seem to emphasize the performers’ femininity and masculinity. Men and women barely share space and performance at any particular moment in time. For instance, when the ladies in red-white costumes come on stage to do their “cheerleading” performance, the men take the background. Risman (431), in her explanation of social and gender relationship, says that the notion of the differences between different genders is socially and contextually constructed. The context shapes what is perceived as gender-appropriate behavior. The players are well built men and they become ‘beasts’ in the field. It is likely that most- if not all, the people start to feel that this is actually how all men should look like. Ladies become conscious of their “femininity” and long for their men to have the same body type. On the other hand, men who a
Abstract This paper critically analyzes the findings of a research presented in the article “Association of suicide attempts with acne and treatment with isotretinoin: retrospective Swedish cohort study” where the link between the patients using isotretinoin and the resulting cause of death. The research is based on patient discharge register after isotretinoin use between 1980 and 1999 and the resulting causes of death between 1980 and 2001.In the research, a sample of 5756 patients aged between 15 and 49 years old using isotretinoin. The risk calculation was calculated up to three years before administration of the drug stretching to fifteen years after the drug was last administered. A follow up of 17,197 persons was done based on their pre-treatment activities, for 2905 persons during treatment period and 87120 after administration of the treatment. Out of the 5756 patients earlier mentioned, 128 were hospitalized after attempting to commit suicide a year within the pre-treatment year. The standardized incidence ratios of 1.57 overall and 1.36 for first suicide attempts. The paper reveals rise in incidence rate for the initial post-treatment six months. The standardized incidence rate rose to 1.78 for all reported incidences and 1.98 for first suicide attempt reported incidences. In general the paper indicated that 38% of patients had made first suicide attempt before administration of the treatment in comparison to a whooping 78% after treatment cases. Introduction Isotretinoin is the leading and appropriate treatment of severe acne. The drug has however been often criticized as causing depression and in severe circumstances suicide (Chia et al. 2005). Prior to prescription, doctors have often had to inform the patients of the likely negative effects and programs have been developed to monitor and support patients who have been prescribed to use the drug. Additionally, the prescription of the drug online, sharing it and use without adequate supervision is discouraged (Malone, 2006). Various studies have cited the drugs controversial usage as a likely sauce of the death of the user through suicide. Concerns have been raised regarding the drugs association to suicide, prompting lots of research in this area. Although biological causative association remains evident, little evidence has been found in epidemiological studies (Callen, 2010). Some studies have insisted that no association exists between persons using isotretinoin and attempted suicide and that no outcome changes are recorded prior to and after using the drug. Research aims/ objective Noting these variations in research, this paper aims to review an article that explicitly assesses the risk of attempt
Introduction There is so much violence in the world that is not seen to an average person going to work and back home every day. However, there still are the aces on this planet that don’t get rest from wars, drug problems, and violence towards own neighbors. Fortunately, the contemporary art gives us an amazing opportunity to see the problems of various religions from aside, and at the same time to experience those as if we took part directly. Plot Summary Yaron Shani & Scandar Copti calls the film under consideration Ajami. A wonderful movie perfectly represents the relations between Jews and Arabs, Christians and Moslems. The main theme is the violent environment of Palestinian – Israeli conflict, and the attempts of people to survive in this terrible atmosphere where every person is an enemy. No wonder the movie arouses such controversial feelings since various people of different cultures and religion watch it. It is exciting to watch the perspective of the movie changing throughout the film. Once the protagonists change with the development of the plot, the issue is reported differently according to the view the current main character sees it. It is to be noticed that the directors did not try to convey any specific point of view to the viewer. On the contrary, an immense work had be
The article under analysis is dedicated to the evaluation of payment card acceptance and its impact on the hospitality industry. Specific emphasis is placed on the challenges the hospitality merchants face while accepting card payment and taking responsibility for appropriate data storage and processing (Cannon et al., 2010). The point is that payment networks consider the hospitality industry to be an eligible payment card acceptance system. The payment card networks resort to this sphere as the most sensitive to card fees and, as a result, there are a number of terms and conditions that merchants should accept while establishing relationship with payment card representatives. Due to the close interaction with payment card system, hospitality workers usually conclude a card-processing contract with a bank, which is also called an acquiring bank. The latter engages third parties, independent sales organizations, to regulate card sales. There are many other entities participating in agreements that dictate new rules in monitoring merchants’ liability that often create gaps in protecting the merchants’ rights. Thus, the paper focuses on the current developments and pitfalls in Washington concerning the relationships between merchants and payment card systems to provide viable solutions for the hospitality representatives and resist the increased costs and liability risks. The relationships with various entities acting as third parties constitute a challenge for hospitality merchants due to the property issues, installation, and consignment procedures. Excess liabilities imposed on merchants discourage the hospitality industry from developing payment cart acceptance system because they threaten the welfare and profitability of the venture. In particular, the article explains that merchants usual
Abstract The ever changing situations in the governance arena have led to a great interest being focused on e-Governance. It is this concern of e-governance, and factors such as “political, economic and social issues, worldwide wars against terrorism, an alarming proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and the question whether democracy will actually take course in Russia and its lack of concern from the Western world”, that this paper is focused looks into and the methods that can be applied to the analysis of demand for e-government services. Russia has been used as a case study to try and shed light on what e-governance is exactly, whether it is viable, its effectiveness and efficiency and whether it is sustainable in the 21 st century and beyond despite the dynamics facing the global world today. There are numerous questions by different states whether the Russian efforts of endorsing and implementing e-governance slow down, augment or are just impartial in the direction of instituting of prerequisites for democracy in the country. This paper also looks into the advantages and disadvantages of embracing e-governance, the changing mode of government and its functions to an e-government. However, the big question here is whether it interferes with democracy or not. Despite the model of e-governance having shortcomings/setbacks, the positive aspects clearly show that it is a sustainable and viable mode of public administration. Introduction. What is e-governance? The use of information communication technology, by different players of the society who have one common aim of improving access to information and building or developing their capacities can be termed as e-governance. This mostly refers to the “public sector’s use of information and communication technologies with the aim of improving information and service delivery, encouraging citizen participation in the decision-making process and making government more accountable, transparent and causing a result, especially the desired or intended result” (John 2009). E-Governance can be termed as a one stop portal in use by the government, such as USA.gov, VisibleGovernment.ca (Canada), GCPEDIA (Canada) and so forth, where a diversity of information and services where citizens have the opportunity or right to experience or make use of this information easily. It can be formed out of a network of organizations that can comprise of the government, NGOs, nonprofit associations and private sector bodies to facilitate the provision of information. E-Governance does not have distinctive boundaries (Kett
Introduction The view of the cosmos as a living being of which we are a part dedicated to preserving life and loving all offspring whether animal or vegetable is a powerful one. It leads us to see the importance of nature and a respect for the role of women. Starhawk, Miriam Simos, is a leader in the Goddess movement. She categorizes herself as a Pagan and a Witch. Her book The Spiral Dance is a handbook for her religion. In her introduction she outlines her philosophy and the book describes the ritual and practice of goddess worship. In the epic poem Devi, we see also the goddess as interior guide and champion of women. However, hers is a more militant stance as the poem has her defeating the devils who make war and pollute nature. To me Starhawk’s vision is more immediate and relevant to my life. Main text The importance of the Goddess symbol is even more important now than it was when The Spiral Dance was first written. With the dual threats of global warming and overpopulation hovering over us we must look to the preservation and unity of all the earth’s systems. As she says, “We must create the culture we want to live in.” (p. 5). In order to do this we need to mobilize the inner strength and energize ourselves into action. The power of the goddess movement is that it engages strong emotions, focuses our deep energies and gives us a sense of purpose and place. It is also necessary to relate our “magic to political action” (p. 6) in order to protect and renew our natural resources. For the past hundred years few women have sought the political power of national leadership. Men who have ruled have largely ignored the intellectual, spiritual and creative power of women. It is important that women recognize their importance as leaders in the preservation of freedom of choice and of the evolving dynamic of the interconnectedness of life. In order to become the leaders that women can and must be they must be strengthened by the realization of the goddess within them. Starhawk in her book stresses that structure, ethics, politics, and theology are united and focused upon political action. To help bind women together she advocates magical training and exercise. Magic as she sees it is the focus of will upon conscious perception. The image of woman as goddess/magician is empowering. Realizing her role to change the path of the mechanization and industrialization in order to preserve what is natural and life-giving rather than life-destroying is critical to the future of this rich and evolving earth. The ritual pra