ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Unemployment is a costly phenomenon; it results in disadvantages and economic losses for the unemployed individuals, the society and the country’s economy in general. Unemployment can be defined as a situation where average individuals are unable to find jobs regardless of their desire to work. This paper discusses the impact of unemployment on the economy of a country and explores the rates of unemployment and GDP growth in Saudi Arabia. First of all, when unemployment occurs, it directly affects the government as it has to pay unemployment benefits to the jobless population. At the same time, the revenues of the government become less because of the inability of the unemployed individuals to pay taxes. Domestic production rates go down as well. As a result, the country’s economy starts to suffer from loss of income and faces the need to borrow money from other countries. Another important impact of unemployment on society is the decrease in individuals’ spending power. The citizens who are insecure about their future income or have no income at all start to reduce their expenses. As a result, the average spending power in the country drops drastically. In other words, when unemployment occurs, the individuals stop to contribute to the country’s economy and instead start to suck money out of the government (Hudson, 2013). Currently, Saudi Arabia is one of the most frequently discussed countries when it comes to high rates of unemployment, and the situation has been this way for several years already. According to the most recent unemployment rates survey, about 6% of the country’s population is unemployed in total (Quarterly Unemployment Rate, 2014). The rates of unemployment among women exceed those of men dramatically, 21-21 % of jobless females versus about 3 % of jobless males. This phenomenon occurs due to religious beliefs. According to fundamentalist interpretations of Islam, men and women who are unrelated by blood should not engage in daily interactions. As a result, women’s involvement in regular labor becomes rather complicated. Moreover, the survey also compares the unemployment rates among Saudi and non-Saudi populations, and it turns out that while the unemployed Saudis compose about 11%, their non-Saudi peers have much lower rates – around 0.5 % only (Quarterly Unemployment Rate, 2014). It is worth mentioning that about two-thirds of the country’s population is represented by the youth – the individuals who are younger than 30 years (Hoetjes, 2013). At the same time, the production in Saudi Arabia has increased affected by the growth of prices for oil, which generally peaked in 2011 and then have been maintaining their level with occasional ups and downs. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been experiencing annual growth in Saudi Arabia. In 2010, before the increase of prices for oil Saudi Arabian GDP estimated 4.8 % annually, whereas in 2011 it jumped as high as 10 %, and in 2012, 2013 and 2014 the growth was slower, yet still significan
The creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was marked by malicious terrorist bombardment on September, 11. Various security agencies have been regrouped and reorganized with the common goal of fostering security. The main function of Homeland Security is to protect the country from terrorism and any other form of attack. This system plans to create common goals, structures, and context for a forthcoming national discussion about the character and nature of the dangers confronting the homeland and about pertinent strategies that should be worked out in response [1] . Despite great opportunities and activities the department is involved, it still needs certain improvement because of existing problems in terms of Border Security, Infrastructure, and information technologies. The Department of Homeland Security should provide a number of solutions that will contribute to managing the existing problems, such as information security, immigration issues, cyber space risk. Hence, the managers should provide law reinforcement and introduce new management sectors regulating cultural issues, and create a solid ground for building a security system. Being a body that covers a wide range of security concerns with country protection in a hostile world, it faces numerous challenges. Border security is among them. It is the DHS obligation to control and protect the borders from these illegal immigrants and external influence of terrorist attacks. Since immigrants come in great amounts, the DHS lacks adequate qualified force and relies on contract personnel [2] . This above presented gap should be immediately eliminated via customs enforcement that will prevent the violation of existing rights and regulations. It is also necessary to introduce effective training programs for improving the patrol agents work as well as their ability to make rational decisions. Such a policy will deprive foreigner for extreme tortures during the customs. The infrastructures are distributed all over the country and, therefore, lack of centrality becomes a challenging task. Some of these infrastructures are also sensitive, like the nuclear plants; others, like information and technology, are constantly changing with new discoveries, upgrading, invention, and modifications [3] . The department has also the oversight duty of coordinating and supervising security for certain sectors like banking and national monuments. Some of the tasks require working with private security firms to deter and neutralize threats. Managing Information technology has also been a big obstacle. Creating one system of information technology that is unified for easier accessibility and management of assets, data, and department programs has been a
Electronic business is no different from conventional types of businesses; only that, it heavily relies on the use of information technology (IT) to carry out business transactions. IT tools are often used to facilitate the exchange of information between businesses and external or internal parties such as suppliers, creditors and the likes (for external business communication) or departmental heads (for internal communications). Managers have often attributed the success of their business to the adoption of IT and many more say that IT has helped their businesses grow and become more efficient because it integrates their data processing systems to provide better goods and services to their customers (Li 2007, p. 1). Often times, e-business has been substituted with the term ‘e-commerce’ but the term e-business is broader than e-commerce because e-commerce is only a fragment of the overall e-business strategy. For instance, e-commerce has often been used by many companies to boost their sales because it works through the worldwide web where business relationships between organizations, customers and shareholders are enhanced through knowledge management systems. In this light, when e-commerce is compared to e-business, we can see that the scope of e-business is much wider than e-commerce because e-business spans through all value chain systems including purchasing management, supply chain management, electronic order processing, customer service processes, cooperation with external partners (and the likes); moreover, special technical standards are normally needed for e-business operations to be materialized (for instance, the use of e-business software enables the synchrony of intra and inter business communications) (Li 2007, p. 1). E-business communications works through the use of several modes including the web, internet, intranets and extranets (but in some cases, two or more of these modes can be combined together to make e-business a reality). This study will focus on the concept of e-business and how it works in organizations today. Emphasis will be made on communication between businesses to customers, businesses to businesses and how businesses benefit from adopting the use of the worldwide web. These three elements will collectively provide an analysis of the nature of e-business. In the final part o
Chipotle is one of the most successful quick-serve restaurant chains within the industry. The company’s main distinctive feature is the focus on the healthy and organic food with references to the idea of sustainability. From this point, the company’s mission “Food with Integrity” can be discussed as the driving force of the restaurant chain’s significant progress. Although the company successfully operates within the highly competitive market during a long period of time, some new strategies should be proposed to contribute to the company’s further growth. The main factors which are associated with the company’s development are   * the concentration on the quality of the products which are ordered and provided quickly;   * the development of the “Food with Integrity” mission with accents on healthy organic products grown at the local territories;   * the unique combination and taste of fresh and healthy items;   * the focus on ideas of sustainability along with following the principles of the social responsibility;   * the strong customer loyalty;   * the intensive cooperation with the social media and support of the charity programs;   * the strong relations with suppliers;   * the effective leadership;   * the problems with the international expansion and usage of the foreign suppliers;   * the effective leadership and guaranteed high profits basing on the company’s leader position within the market (Appendix 1). In spite of the fact that the company successfully operates within the extremely competitive environment overcoming a lot of challenges, risk of new entrants is high, and the company needs the more innovative approach to its development in order to respond to the modern trends within the market. Thus, it is possible to propose such alternatives for the company’s strategy as the development of the new menu following the principles of sustainability and using the high-quality healthy and organic products; the promotion of the “Food with Integrity” mission in its connection with the healthy lifestyle trends basing on the social me
Motivation boosts and directs behavior, whereas emotions provide the emotional/effective constituent to motivation, either negative or positive. Motivation can be defined as “ a want, a need, a desire or an interest that drives a person (or a living being) in a particular trend ”. Motivation is about why people direct their innovative powers in one way instead-of another; it relates to peoples’ achievements whether, great or small (Reeve, 34). It is also about how people shape-up their bodies; it’s about going deep during stressful moments. Motivation is the desire or the need to do things. It’s a vital factor in setting and accomplishing goals. Research studies prove that people can influence their motivation levels and emotions. Motivation is a practice that initiates, guides, and upholds goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what enables people to act; it involves emotional, cognitive, social, and natural/biological forces that stimulate behavior. Emotion activates motivation; emotions can either be negative or positive. Positive emotions motivate an individual to strive while negative emotions hinder the realization of intended goals. Emotional forces play a significant role in motivation. Motivation describes why people do positive or negative things. Positive emotional forces activate positive motivation while negative emotional forces activate negative motivation. For instance, a person can be motivated to do bad things and another motivated to engage in good activities. Psychologists have come up with motivation theories such as instinct theory, humanistic theory, and drive theory. Emotion, on the other hand, is a multifaceted psycho-physiological experience of a person’s mental state when interacting with environmental (outer) and bio-chemical (inner) influences. In human beings, emotion involves physiological stimulation, expressive conduct, and conscious deeds or experiences (Gorman, 71). Emotion is associated-with frame-of-mind/mood, personality, individuality, temperament, and motivation. Works Cited Gorman, Phil. Motivation and emotion . Chicago: Routledge, 2004. Print Reeve, Johnmarshall. Understanding motivation and emotion . New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. Print
Abstract Management development is a very essential aspect in today’s corporate world given the increase in competition and the need for quality products and services. The paper looks at various management development strategies that can be applied by small businesses in their quest to ensure that the highest productivity is attained. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of various strategies are outlined because these are very essential when choosing which strategy to use. The paper specifically focuses on small businesses, which are mostly faced with a lot of challenges when deciding on a proper plan of action to be implemented. Besides explaining management development techniques available for small businesses, the paper provides factors that should be considered before agreeing which development strategy to adopt. Introduction Every organization aims at attaining the highest standards in the market. This involves continuously upgrading the processes used to run day-to-day activities of a firm. Systems have to be advanced to keep abreast of the constantly changing customer demand. Similarly, technology needs to be updated to ensure that most current innovations are in place at any given time. Moreover, employees need to be often trained in order to advance their skills and enrich their knowledge so that maximum output can be achieved from them. However, much as all this needs to be done, it should be noted that management is very vital in determining performance of a given firm. It is the role of management to ensure that everything is as it should be. Consequently, management development is crucial in ensuring that organization is able to advance. It is important to note that there are several management development techniques that can be applied, especially for small businesses. Strategies used by Small Businesses Need for training differs from one organization to another. As a result, strategies of training will be different. Moreover, different people will have different needs which will require different modes of training. Consequently, there are several approaches that are used by various business organizations. These strategies vary from simple and cheap ones to complex and somehow expensive methods (Pearn, 2003). Among the most common training techniques used in small businesses is leadership training. This often involves introduction of lessons about management of employees. Members of the staff who are well conversant with management can be given the mandate of training other employees. However, it has been proved through research that the programs where a third party handles the process of training are more effective. Leadership training strategies can be divided into generic and focused strategies. On the one hand, generic leadership training strategies train
Validation and Verification Plan The management team introduces validation and verification through developing internal reviews of management and technical reports (Fisher, 2007). The internal analysis of the management staff will involve work verification of such members as a project manager, technician, designer, programmer, associate programmer, risk managers, and website managers. The external reviews will be carried out once the documents and reports have been approved by the project leader. All the verification procedures will be preceded by the support managers. The roles that the team members should take involve the initiator, secretary, author of the reviewed document, the advisor, and reviewers. The initiator will be responsible for making appointments with all the members of the validation procedures (Fisher, 2007). The main responsibility for the success and accuracy of the verification reviews is imposed on moderators or advisors who take control of all testing procedures (Fisher, 2007). While reviewing the external and internal reviews, the project managers should constantly cooperate with other team members involved in developing the project. Quality Assurance The main purpose of the quality assurance process lies in presenting frameworks that can allow the project managers to introduce efficient risk management that can prevent possible pitfalls in introducing a new information system. Electronic databases could contribute to information exchange about customers to define the demand rates and identify possible problems (Bagad, 2009). Web designers, therefore, should pay closer attention to the functionality of the website of the Kings’ Jewelry, as well as provide possible corrections to improve the quality and expand the customer’s access to the company’s information. At the same time, quality managers should be concerned with confidential information. The role of quality assurance procedures consists of preventing illegal invasions. Quality control is closely associated with the way information is delivered on the website. This is of particular concern to the estimation of information about pricing policy, purchasing, and personnel (Bagad, 2009). The website should also provide sufficient information about the products, including images, detailed descriptions, and advertising to persuade the customers that the company’s products are of exceptional quality. The quality assurance departmen
Introduction Fantasy is the improbable or unrealistic supposition of a situation. The fictional stories of Murakami are characterized by incidents derived from the real world and consumer culture. He makes reference to names, places, novels and music. The protagonists in his novels are rooted in the ordinary such as the white-collar workers who keep their heads above water and feel happy in their ambitions. The characters give his novels a quality of emotionality tinged with nostalgia and sentiment. His style is nevertheless modern as it combines fantasy with everyday life. Murakami’s work portrays reality which is twisted and piqued and presents a world surrounded by larger and often sinister forces that do not usually manifest themselves. The world in which the stories of Murakami take place is simply a literal one. The sequences of cause and effect are altered by forces that can be described as supernatural. However mundane the protagonists in his novel and their lives seem to appear, the schemes of things that Murakami subscribes to do not suffice to lead an ordinary life. His narrators fight external forces that disturb them such as the awful intrusion of things that cannot be explained in everyday life. Body A Wild Sheep Chase which is the third novel written by Murakami gives a broader perspective of fantasy in his works. The novel is the story of a young and bored advertising copywriter who is compelled by right-wing power brokers to look for a mysterious mind-possessing sheep. The sheep had previously stayed in a major right-wing figure known as the boss, manipulating its advancement to gain behind the scenes control of a significant section of the political and media worl
Introduction Apple Inc. is a leading computer company founded in 1976. Success and global leadership are achieved by Apple because of its unique products and entrepreneurship in the software and computer industries. An innovative approach to business can best be accomplished by allowing divisions that specialize in certain areas the freedom to experiment, promoting a culture that emphasizes a big hit, creating compensation systems that reward individual and group creativity, and implementing an accounting system that emphasizes business development. Apple is a market leader specialized in consumer electronics and software products including personal computers and media players, software, hardware, and mobile phones. Apple is one of the best examples of unique strategies and goals, marketing approaches, and management innovations that help the company to compete and sustain a strong leadership position on the market. The paths in terms of the technological trajectory applicable to Apple and how this trajectory has impacted upon the historical performance of the firm: the theory of blue/red ocean regarding Apple The company was founded on Founded April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. The first personal computers developed and manufactured by Apple were Apple I and Apple II. The remarkable feature of the first products (the 1970s) was color graphics, 51/4″ floppy drive & own software. the next stage, the 1980s, was marked by the development of the software, Macintosh, mouse, and application software & Portable Mac. In contrast to Microsoft and IBM, Apple Macintosh creates a conceptually new approach to operating systems and computer structure. During the 1970s, the main competitive products were C-PET (1976), C64 (1980), C500 (since 1985). The uniqueness of Apple’s products was in color graphics, open architecture, and a 5 ¼ inch floppy disk drive. Design rationale often means the historical record of the analysis that led to the choice of the particular artifact or the feature in question (Apple Home Page 2008). To illustrate, let us take as an example a particular feature of the Macintosh operating system, namely, the placement of all the window commands in the global menu bar at the top of the screen. By a window command, we mean a command specific to a window; for example, SAVE is a window command that saves the contents of the window (Amberg, 2000). The design rationale in this sense would be some description of the logically possible alternatives for placing window commands, how they are related, and what the trade-offs are. It is often difficult to provide such a description systematically, but an example provides a vocabulary of the primitives an
Introduction Nicolas Bourriaud came up with the term “Relational Art” in 1995. He defined it as artistic practices that include the whole human relationships together with their social environment as their point of origin. He did not consider art to a private and independent aspect without a context. Bourriaud gave art a whole new outlook where artists no longer have to create art from hidden ideas, but they can create art that incorporates a social surrounding. This is where individuals come together and take part in a group activity. In this art, the act is seen as between a community and art, as opposed to an individual viewer and the object of art. The meaning of a certain piece of art is shared collectively by the society in relational aesthetics, and it is not limited to the space of individual perception and idea. This means that art has a clear and open display that is easily understood by the community around. This is because the community finds aspects they can relate to in the art. Relational aesthetics keeps art within a level that the society can understand and takes it off the high levels of complicated processes. Such processes lead to the production of dry, academic, mechanical, and superficial works of art that are empty of meaning, emotions, and integrity (Rosati, para. 2). When art is not able to reach out to the society, it is of no use since it cannot have any physical, moral, spiritual or psychological impact on the viewers. Such art does not take into account the societal factor. This threatens the survival of culture. The nature of relational aesthetics Relational aesthetics is a public and social art by nature. The basic nature of its existence is founded by the interaction between people in the society. Relational art removes the serious edge out of art. It creates an environment where people can enjoy themselves in art and creativity when this art is allowed to flow limitlessly. This art seeks to bring people together in the society by bringing art to a level where they can all relate. Unlike the normal art, which was only for those that understood its complexities, relational art exists in simplicity and familiarity. It is an art about aspects of life that relate to the ordinary individual. Relational aesthetics seeks to maintain the culture in a society. This is because i