ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In Twin Peaks, David Lynch leads viewers on the path to understanding the phenomenon of sexual violence and realizing that it is an integral part of today’s United States. In fact, the series portray not merely familial violence against women, but also prove the commonness of this practice and the fact that our culture tolerates sexual abuse and enables it through be means of creating the atmosphere of secrecy and ambiguity around it. Randi Davenport in his article “The Knowing Spectator of Twin Peaks : Culture, Feminism, and Family Violence” argues that “What made Twin Peaks hard to watch was its powerful suggestion that sexual violence is not pleasurable or natural but is common and is practiced by lots of seemingly average men” (Davenport, p. 255). Diane Stevenson in “Family Romance, Family Violence, and the Fantastic” supports the position of the previous author by assuming that children and women are frequently abused and the problem was so significant that the first theorists of psychology like Freud and Jung dedicated a number of their works to explaining the nature of violence (Stevenson, p. 71). Moreover, the scholar adds that David Lynch intentionally used the language of fantasy and surrealism in order to demonstrate to which degree this negative social phenomenon is silenced in the modern culture, which obviously authorizes violence. Diana Hume George in ”Lynching Women” observes that Twin Peaks can be viewed as each female viewer’s experience, given that each woman actually endured violence in any form at least once, partly due to the fact that the development of male identity necessarily implies nurturing the practice of repression of female personality and sexuality (George, p. 112). First and foremost, it needs to be noted that Lynch through his production tries to direct his audience’s attention to the fact that incest refers to familial violence rather than to a voluntary and spontaneous intercourse that occurs after a teenage daughter seduces her father. In this sense, Davenport states that Twin Peaks is an attempt to deconstruct the image of Seductive Daughter, a male erotic dream of being tempted and entertained by a very young girl (Davenport, p. 257). The appearance of the series practically coincided with the creation of first texts and studies, which addressed child abuse from the perspective of violence. The author asserts that “Women who were sexually abused as children endured a range of assaults. Some were ‘just’ fondled. Some were penetrated by fingers or objects. Some were raped. Some were tortured. For some children the abuse occurred as isolated incidents. For others it was a daily fact of life for years. It all had consequences” (Davenport, p. 257). Stevenson also holds that the series refutes the Oedipal complex as described by Freud, or sexual attraction to one’s own parent (Stevenson, p. 72). This drive is greatly reflected in the Seductive Daughter character, which is present in popular works like Lolita
Introduction Penology is defined as the process of restoring a convict to a useful capacity or reestablishing his person in the esteem of others. The key to the successful reentry of ex-offenders into the community is transitional employment, for which reason programs of all kinds and design have been established to secure a job for these people soon after their release from prison (Uggen, 2000). This is considered the most critical period in the effort to reintegrate ex-offenders into society based on the assumption that once honest work, albeit provisional, gave them that sense of self-respect that it usually bestows and they perceive that the workplace also has a place for those carrying the stigma of prison, they would then lead their lives avoiding crime in pursuit of employment. However, securing employment for ex-offenders is a formidable task precisely because of this stigmatization, such that the problem of recidivism continues to haunt the criminal justice system. This area of concern in the more socially oriented penology system of today has expanded from offenders who have been sentenced to serve prison sentences to those placed under regular probation and the special form of court-ordered resolution of criminal cases called deferred adjudication (DA). Statistics show that offenders on probation and on DA supervision far outnumber those committed to prison. In 2001, for example, there were 1,470,045 inmates in federal and state prisons in the US whereas there were 6.9 million offenders on probation (Freeman, 2003). The number of those on DA is more than 10 times larger. In Texas alone, there were 1,927,748 offenders on DA in 2005 (Bradley, 2006). The DA process is part of the criminal justice system in almost of the American states, including the commonwealths Hawaii and Puerto Rico. The problem is that while a DA decision of the courts is not considered a conviction, it is treated as such by banks, insurance firms, schools, law enforcement agencies, apartment leasing managers, and by society as whole. Thus, offenders on probation and DA face the same barriers to employment as the convicts who served time in prison. This paper took up the growing literature on the need to provide employment assistance to offenders as a strategy to reduce the incidence of recidivism. A critical review and appraisal was made of transitional jobs reentry programs for convicts to determine which methods and strategies work and which do n
Introduction Authors and researchers have over time explored competitive balance by identifying the particular aspects of sports that equalizes different teams in the same league. This ensures that teams are motivated to compete and the fans on the other hand appreciate the fairness in the sport. They also point out that competitive balance makes the entire sports industry vibrant as it ensures that teams are motivated to win so as to make even more money, not only in their home grounds, but also in the away matches that they take part in (Palomino & Rigotti, 2000). The increased concern over competitive balance is based on the current lucrative condition of the sports industry as it has been identified that a lot of money is spent not only in the stadiums in terms of entry fees, but also in television payments as well. It has also been identified that with the increased commercialization of the sports industry there is quite a lot of money at stake and this has warranted the interest of economists seeking to explore the available possibilities on streamlining the sports industry to a point where it is self sustaining and stable. This interest has increased the amount of interest that authors have on the issue and this has come with varied theories on competitive balance. This paper seeks to critic the works of different authors who have discussed the issue of competitive advantage as it has been applied successfully as well as unsuccessfully in the sports fraternity. This is done in regard to the journal articles written by Szymanski, (2001), on ‘Income inequality, competitive balance and the attractiveness of team sports: some evidence and a natural experiment from English soccer’; Sanderson, (2002), on ‘The Many Dimensions of Competitive Balance’; Tonazzi, (2003), on ‘Competition policy and the commercialization of sport broadcasting rights: the decision of the Italian Competition Authority’; Berri, et al. (2005), on ‘The Short Supply of Tall People: Competitive Imbalance and the National Basketball Association’; Szymanski, (2007), on ‘The champions league and the Coase theorem’; Lewis, (2008), on ‘Individual Team Incentives and Managing Competitive Balance in Sports Leagues: An Empirical Analysis of Major League Baseball’; Szymanskiw & Sennez, (2004) on Competitive balance and gate revenue sharing in team sports; Marburger, (1997), on ‘Gate revenue sharing and luxury taxes in professional sports’ and finally, Palomino & Rigotti, (2000), on ‘The Sport League’s Dilemma: Competitive Balance versus Incentives to Win’. Summary of the articles All the authors seem to agree on the particular aspect of revenue allocation as it is meant to satisfy their shared theories on team finance. One notes that they all agree on the sharing of gate fees as well as particular match endorsements between different teams participating in a match or tournament. The issue that one notes they mostly differ on is that of team motivation (Szymanski, 2007). This
Introduction Museums have a great role in preserving the cultural heritage of various ethnicities. Although they have successfully gained this goal, the pressing issue has remained in its capacity of educating visitors about natural heritage, history and culture, or a chosen subject in context. Many archaeological historians have argued that Museums’ are the only organizations which have the competence of passing on cultural knowledge to the public. This is in fact true because they house several collections of materials and tools for achieving the objective. In present society, the museums complement educational shrewdness by revealing to the society their histories satisfactorily (Aguirre and Turner 2010). They do the task of granting a medium in which future generations can understand and recognize their cultural history and take delight in succeeding their past and present. In understanding how museums shape various societies across the world, this paper explores three museums dedicated to three communities. These communities are the Asian Pacific Americans, the Nordic and the African-Americans. The paper singles out museums in their respective domains and explores their contributions towards their cultural heritage. In exploring the communities at a deeper level, the writer utilizes the fieldwork and library research to understand the community’s culture through museum exhibitions. The writer explores how the museum has shaped and redesigned the tourism industry. They provide visitors with a new dimension in tourism where ethnography is much emphasized. Ethnography gives a visitor more flexibility by allowing him or her discover about his or her culture compared to other cultures. The Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience The Wing Luke Museum is located in Seattle. Its location is unique because of the closeness to the hotel where the many first immigrants from the Asian continent fixed their home, had a meal and found solace. It is a museum
Summary In common practice, majority of scientists have a notion that, when comparing between the republican and the democrat’s ruling principles, the republican’s ruling orientation under Bush caused many impairments to the practice of science. For instance, subjects under Bush messed up with information on changing climatic conditions. As far as this was not enough, there were clear biases in resource allocation to some scientific departments; a practical case being the fish and wildlife department. On the other hand, driven by his political sense of self, president bush stopped some scientific researches that were going on for example the stem cell research (Kancler p.1). Sometimes, it is very strange what republicans did in that, to them scientific developments were of less importance, hence their disregard for any attempt to improve on scientific knowledge. To prove their egoistic views that disregarded scientific innovations, they applied vague political theories instead of facing the real facts that related to the issue. For sure it is clear that, republicans had negative impressions on anything relating to science because, not only did they oppose scientific innovations, but also they promoted anti-intellectualism; something that was clear in the Goldwater’s administration Critical analysis of republican’s views on scientific developments clearly showed that, there was abuse of science for political sustainability and achievement. It is funny how these ruling elites neglected the field of science something that they should taken responsibility to promote. Even in some instances, the same elites disregarded university’s efforts in scientific development because of the notion held that, such innovations promote immorality. Although there was oppositions from republican as far as scientific development was concerned, due to the majority number of democrats (in the congress), in the Reagan administration, there was support for scientific developments for example, support of missile stabilization and combating global warming. It is important to note that, the same was contrary in the Bush’s administration where science innovations received little support. Clear proves of thi
Introduction This topic provides an in depth insights on arguments prohibiting the availability of alcohol in corner stores for sale. Essentially providing the basis on which these cones are pinned using addiction and dependence concepts. Alcoholism and drug abuse are conventionally regarded as the prime causes for erosion of societal values. Through them we see a proliferation of vices in our modern societies; domestic violence, high crime rate, high HIV infections especially in the third world countries, high school drop out and many others, even though these problems are visible, the major remedy can only be a complete change of attitude and behavior towards alcohol and drug abuse in our society. In order to justify our claims, we address the challenges of alcohol and drug use by procedurally going through the following points: (Ball&Rokech, 1973)  1. Cultural  2. Spiritual  3. Economical  4. Biological Cultural From the society where we come our behavior is governed by different traditional practices including food taboos. Some communities are traditionally restricted not to take certain specific foods and drinks like alcohol. Stocking alcoholic drinks in corner stores for sale would be a great disservice to them. This is why they highly prohibit alcohol. A good businessman is one who not only offers affordable prices but also values his clients’ cultural background, it’s only ethical when people are given first priority. The artistic representation knows that the pressure of traditions is a sturdy factor of whether or not persons drop quarry to some addiction. (GUILT, CRAVINGS, DEPRESSION, 2009) For example sale of alcohol is uncommon in the Middle East countries, where getting it is not easy and consuming it also not allowed. Their cultural practice does not allow it and hence making it unpopular. Students engage into underage drinking and thereby become victims of crime. (Land, 2006) Spiritual According to the fundamental Christian teachings, the human body is the temple of God’s Holy Spirit. Anything that is perceived to be a threat to the temple is against God’s commandment and therefore should be abolished at all costs. Alcohol once consumed will ignite the devil ship in somebody and hence engage in unholy behavior. Stocking alcohol in corner stores is therefore a stumbling block to Christianity. The key principle here is that people have the prerogative to decide on whether to stop alcohol consumption not. (Bernard, 1990) Economical Looking at alcoholism from an economical point of view, we believe that human beings are rational consumers who would first of all give priority to their basic wants. Alcohol is not a basic commodity and therefore one can do without it. The main point here is that the more one continues to take alcohol the more he/she becomes addicted to it. We tend to consider the economic effects of alcohol to the environment. Remember that a drunkard is always a heavy spender. Think about it and compare it with your financial status. (Puxley, 2007) You will agree with me that most people
Since the company Communications R US had been bought out by Apple, it would be most natural for this company also to be subordinated to Apple’s code of conduct and social responsibility policies. As mentioned on the Apple’s official website page, Apple has a Code of Conduct that promotes a safe working environment, appropriate handling of workers’ issues and problems, and manufacturing designed to prevent any potential threats to environmental safety (“Supplier Responsibility,” 2017). Moreover, it is mentioned that the Code of Conduct contains five hundred data points which are used to establish various types of quality standards. It is also mentioned in the Apple Supplier Code of Conduct (2017) page that Apple’s leadership is concerned with pursuing the highest possible levels of social responsibility as well as ethical norms. Apple’s policy may be described as following strict guidelines to ensure proper levels of social responsibility control. Therefore, it is important to understand the main guidelines established by Apple’s leaderships to ensure fruitful cooperation and eliminate possible malfunctions. Thus, Communication Officer would be responsible for providing leadership and employees with information regarding Apple’s official Code of Conduct as well as the scale in which Apple is concerned about both local and national social responsibility. Various methods may be used to achieve this. One of these methods would be to introduce the organization’s members to the most relevant provisions of the Code of Conduct and social responsibility statement via meetings or prolonged briefings. However, each member would have to research these documents on their own as well to ensure the highest possible levels of understanding. However, the organization’s leadership would also have to take the company’s Code of Conduct that already functions within the company. Setting it aside may result in the organization’s losing its original course.
In this age, competition is becoming stiffer for companies and businesses. At the same time consumers are becoming more complex and aware of their rights and end up demanding for better services and products. There is therefore only one way that companies can survive in this market and this is by identifying and seizing opportunities as they occur. Companies are forming specific departments and employing highly qualified employees to scout and search for opportunities that will open doors for greater business potential that will translate to more profits and growth [1] . The leapfrog strategy is a strategy that is employed by those who know the importance of being the first mover and seizing opportunities before anyone else does. It is with the same spirit that aspiring entrepreneurs also scan the environment for better opportunities that will allow them venture into business [2] . Businessmen and business executives don’t just wake up one morning and decide to pursue a given business line, they instead conduct research and use various models to arrive to that decision. Such models involved in environmental scanning may include, Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat Analysis (SWOT), Market opportunity analysis (MOA) [3] , Portfolio Analysis which is suitable for existing product lines, and many more models. Such models are used to bring out clear what if situations which are combined with current situations to support strong business decisions. Venturing into business without any plan and particular understanding is similar to gambling therefore a lot of research and strategy is needed. Environmental scanning is the first step in identifying the kind of opportunities that exist in the market once such opportunities are identified, it is then that they can be evaluated and pursued with confidence [4] . Any organization or entrepreneur who wants the chunk of money that is available in the market must understand that there is the internal and external environment in business. The internal environment consists of values, culture and resources. While the external environment consists of more dynamic and unpredictable forces which must be well understood before carrying out any decisions. The Australian car market is on decline. A report by IBIS world Australian Research Company indicates that the automobile makers are having a rough time. Over the last five years, the automobile industry earnings’ are expected to reduce by up to 6.1% yearly to settle at $11.91 billion owing to hard economic time
Technology and appropriability position of the Newco business idea The project aims to provide local kiosks in rural un-electrified areas in Kenya with a system that charges mobile phones using solar energy. The construction description proves that the product is a CEH device, and its configuration and process of manufacturing have been thoroughly considered. However, the authors of the plan assume that it would be difficult to achieve protection for the product based on its technical design since the device is not technical innovation. Furthermore, enforcing patents is likely to cost more than the potential recovery. The Agreement for retaining the IPR as well as the trademark registration are highly recommended for the company. Nevertheless, the facility of the device duplication and the absence of patent protection may render the product less attractive to future investors. The financial analysis of the product development and a development plan suggests a degree of a protection strategy, but it cannot guarantee the appropriate level of security. The value chains The company proposes a clear scheme of the product’s value chain and proves that it may easily reach the end user. The functional prototype of the device was sold to a kiosk owner in Kenya for USD 80 and received extremely positive feedback from the customer. The price was recovered within two months, which implies that a slightly higher price would be appropriate. It illustrates that a value proposition is clear and well-planned, even though the company does not control the necessary assets required to reach the end user, and relies completely on investments from business angels or venture capital. However, the structure of the company remains non-transparent, and its impact on added value may be a subject of discussion. The business models The chosen business model suggests direct sales to shop owners or individuals, where the primary channel is the deployment of direct sales agents and the secondary channel means sales through local retail chains. The pricing analysis and model are elaborate and taking into consideration the preliminary tests of the product; it may be assumed that such model might work under the given conditions. The strategies of company’s growth have multiple options, for example, adding new product features, establishing a partnership with mobile network operators or direct sales to government bodies, but it seems that not all of them have been examined in detail. The market The entrepreneurs do not provide information about the approach used to calculate the market size, but the market segmentation and the priorities look credible and obvious. From marke