ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Is it possible to imagine our everyday life without lies? Can people stop telling lies and be able to tell only the truth like it happened with the characters of the movie The Invention of Lying ? In fact, such reality when people is hard to imagine because the vast majority of modern people are so absorbed in lying, and the idea that white lies may save the world and deprive many people of suffering and disappointments seems to the only rational one. The cases on lying and liars’ destinies may be observed in many literary works. Such authors like Shakespeare, Wilde, or Crawford introduced captivating and educative stories which show how one or several lies both white and not may influence current state of affairs and even human lives. When I observe the events in different literary works, I believe that sometimes white lies are necessary, but unfortunately, people cannot be sure about proper interpretation of situation and the decision to lie or not to lie, this is why it is impossible to interpret while lies as something pure justified or unacceptable, and people have to be very careful both with the truth and lies, especially white lies. When people lie, they think that they improve the situation, decrease the level of suffering and disappointments, or just get a chance to avoid punishment or discontent. They lie in order to be saved, to be understood, and to be supported. It is hard to comprehend why people lie and what may happen if these lies do not happen. In fact, the style of life where all people tell the truth only ( The Invention of Lying ) is also hard to imagine because constant truth deprive the world of some kind of mystery, intrigue, and desire. This is why it is useless to believe that absence of lies may lead to positive outcomes because such reality may have its own disadvantages. I think it is better to take some neutral position and lie only in case to please a person or save him/her against negative outcomes. In this case, when lie is for safe, it may be justified. However, more about justification of lies have to be evaluated by means of examples. Some people use the term “white lie” as something that may be justified and comprehended by the others. As for me, I believe that some cases just require such while lies in order not to worsen the situation. However, it is still very important to define what may be regarded as white lies and what can never be taken as such. For example, if a husband invites his wife to a theater in order to meet her demand and support her interests even if he cannot stand this type of art, he lies to her about his desire to bear a company with pleasure. And this kind of life may be regarded as a white one because no one will suffer seriously from this idea, and only satisfaction and pleasure of a person will be the result. This white lie is a good example. A person does not make harm, break someone’s dreams, or offend somebody. However, if we remember
Introduction The Berlin Wall, whose construction began in 1951 and opened in November 1989, was a wall separating East Germany from West Germany, In the period of its construction, approximately 136 were killed trying to cross the wall into West Berlin. The division between West Germany and East Germany was as a result of differences in ideologies between these two sides. While the west adopted the western capitalist system of governance that enhance democracy, the East established an authoritarian government with similar to the Soviet economy. On the other hand, Iraq-Kuwait war was a conflict between the Republic of Iraq and State of Kuwait that saw a seven month occupation of Kuwait by Iraq. The conflict was fueled by an argument that Kuwait was stealing Oil from Iraq but facts show that the decision to attract Kuwait was made two days before the actual invasion. Main Body After the collapse of the Berlin wall, President Bush focused on Germany re-unification and although his administration focused on future unification, Germany unified rather soon than US anticipated. The response of US in Germany unification led to the incorporation of Germany in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). After the collapse of Berlin wall, a number of challenges confronted the Bush administration on how to handle the unification process. The immediate consequence of American supporting Germany re-unification was an alliance that brought together US, France and Britain in Germany administration. The US claimed that it accepted the wall as an international life and gave information to Soviet that it did not intend to use force against the erupting of the wall. This posed US as a peace loving country and helped reduce on the tension that existed due to cold war. In addition, a possibility of a military conflict over Berlin was reduced with this positive response from the Americans thus fostering peace. The constructing of the wall had caused severe hardship to Germany family, the division between the West and East even worsen the situation since most families had been divided by the wall and attempt to cross the wall resulted to death. Therefore, America’s response towards supporting the unification was seen as a sign of relief by the Germans. Domestic
Introduction: Facilities layout To begin with it is necessary to mention that facility layout and design is the significant element of business activity. This component is essential for both the terms of maximizing the effectiveness of business processes and meeting team needs and requirements. The layout generally includes physical arrangement of everything required for the product manufacturing or service providing, including machines, staff, raw materials, and finished goods. Facility layout should be planned very carefully, as there is no desire and necessity to do the constant redesign adapting it to the changing circumstances. One of the key aims of the layout is to minimize the amount of materials usage, to avoid stoppages of the production, to decrease machine interference rate, ensure high morale, loyalty and safety among employees. Originally, there are two types of layout. Product layout is associated with the produced production. Process layout is aimed to improve the processes that are incorporated for making the products. It is emphasized that product layout is applicable for high-volume repetitive processes, while process layout is applicable for low-volume custom-made goods. System Design Small business managers often need to take into account lots of operational factors if they need to create the effectively working layout. The selected sphere of small business is a private bakery (or any other small private production line). The type of the layout, suitable for this type of business is the product layout. The facility design of such an enterprise should reflect the recognition of the significance of process smoothness. There is no need for a flow to be the straight line. These flows could be parallel, and provide the faster production: i.e. the preparation of raw materials may be performed along with the manufacturing of the ready production. Anyway, the backtracking and bottlenecks will be avoided, however, when raw materials and ready production move against or across the general production flow, personnel and paperwork may become confused, parts get lost, and the coordination becomes complicated. The work system for the company is not less essential than the working layout. It should entail the skill training of the employees and compensation policy. The fact is that specific work places and practices may have restricted or even minimal impact if these practices are not the elements of the coherent working system. Thus, for instance, the parti
Each science has its history and the specific peculiarities of its formation; the historical processes and the figures that possessed the ability to exercise the powerful influence on the scientific and cultural progress are also frequently named as the major incentives for emergence of certain sciences. The personality of Prophet in religion is also a vast field of inquiry that has given the start to many sciences and studies. Speaking about the figure of Prophet in Islam, one can surely admit that this person has become a monumental figure and played a significant role in the creation of Islam and Islam-related sciences. Muhammad possessed a set of strong leadership qualities, represented the ideal man, the perfect character model, and conducted highly varied activities in the country for which he was responsible, thus becoming the model figure, educator, and activist. The sciences that can be said to have developed around the personality of Prophet Muhammad are Sirah, Sunnah, and Hadiths. However, despite the multitude and versatility of sciences that have developed around the personality of the Prophet, the most influential and extended on is the science of Sirah. It is the science directed specifically on studying the Prophet’s life and personality. It has evolved as a historical account of the events connected with the life and activity of Muhammad – “the Prophet’s life-story was transmitted by story tellers and then compiled in books called sirah” (Hadith and the Prophet Muhammad). Nonetheless, it was further extended to become the source of beliefs and faith for Muslims. The principle according to which it was done dictates that one cannot believe in something that he or she does not know. Hence, learning the life and personality of the Prophet through the science of Sirah, one will reaffirm his/her religious faith, and will become close to Islam (The Importance of Science of Sirah). In addition, the Sirah has become a much wider fram
Introduction Music has always been an integral part of the life of individuals and society. Today, there is a genre for everyone, ranging from pop and rock to electronic and hip-hop music. Classical music, rooted in the 18th century, remains universally accepted and enjoyed all around the world by people of different ages and backgrounds. Vocal music of that era, despite being ages old, still has a great influence on people’s lives and their perception of music as a whole. Main body For a better understanding of the deep meaning behind the vocal music of the classical era, it might be necessary to examine that particular time period and its distinguishing features. The year 1740 is considered to be a starting point in the history of musical classicism, the so-called Age of Enlightenment. It was a relatively short period of 50 years, influential enough so that the term “classical music” is often used to refer to long-standing musical traditions in general (DK, 2018). Frederick the Great became the King of Prussia, while Maria Theresa became the leader of the Austrian Empire. The Napoleonic Wars, followed by the beginning of the industrial revolution, transformed the minds of people across Europe (Zaslaw, 1989). Traditional baroque compositions could no longer satisfy the tastes of new demanding listeners. Aristocratic patronage was progressively replaced with a bourgeois audience. The vocal music evolved as well to cater to the tastes of freshly empowered members of the middle class. Comic opera, called opera comique in France and ballad opera in England, introduced everyday characters, humorous subjects, and happy endings in musical history. This new style of opera was overwhelmingly successful in Italy, and conquered other parts of Europe, becoming the most popular vocal genre o
By weaving together narratives, writing characters, and having them interact with the constructed world around them, creators gain deeper insight into the human condition. To that end, the use of specific dramatic elements such as character, language, and conflict is required, where the latter is the most prominent one. For the purposes of this discussion, the use and effect of conflict will be further analyzed, using a specific play as a point of reference and a center of the dialogue. Oscar Wilde’s “The Importance of Being Earnest” can be noted as a great example of the use of conflict, with its whimsical plot and interesting characters. In the play, this element is effectively used to put a barrier between the main characters and their life goals and to emphasize the main themes of the piece better. Through the external conflicts between Jack and Algernon’s opposing beliefs of love and honesty, their continuous disagreements about marriage and romance, and the fixation of the name Earnest between the men and their love interests, the play suggests the superficiality of high moral standing and the failure of the moral virtue of truthfulness. The interpersonal conflict between Jack and Algernon displays their opposing beliefs in love and honesty and suggests a failure of the moral virtue of truthfulness in their life. Their interaction in the first act of the play also serves as an introduction to their characters and the main beliefs of both men throughout the rest of the piece. The two, whom the audience sees discussing matters of the heart, hold different positions concerning honesty and love. Algernon proposes “A man who marries without knowing Bunbury has a very tedious time of it,” from which the audience can both infer his position on marriage and appropriate social behavior (1.224-225). Algernon finds the use of facades and falsehoods invaluable in his daily life and continuously uses the story of his friend Bunbury to evade unnecessary social interactions. His discussion of the practice and advice offered to Jack suggests that the man fully supports the use of deception as a way of reaching one’s goals or needs. On the other hand, Jack seems to be much more apprehensive on the matter, as exemplified by his strong opposition to Algernon’s words. While Jack similarly finds himself using lies in his daily life, he is willing to drop the act entirely for the sake of his one love. The difference in opinions serves to both differentiate and unite characters simultaneously, noting their deceptions as a point of similarity yet putting a clear distinction between the two. The continuous disagreements about romance and marriage between Jack and Algernon also imply the failure of the moral virtue of truthfulness. The opinions displayed and their variety can be viewed as a significant defining trait for both, helping the audience differentiate between their individual brands of moral bankruptcy. Jack sees marriage as inherently romantic and worth pursuing, as well as something worthy o
Introduction Hospice care is a type of care that focuses on provision of humane and compassionate care for people who have life-limiting illnesses that no longer responds to treatments. This type of care is given to them so that they might live the last phases of their lives as comfortable as possible. Hospice care is a philosophy care that takes the viewpoint that accepts death as a life’s final stage.Practicing hospice care has a specific goal in helping patients in leading pain-free lives of their last days as possible. Hospice care is a family-centered since the family members of the patient are involved in making decisions throughout the process. Hospice care gives patients palliative care, which is a type of treatment that only relieves a patient off the symptoms of the disease with main purpose being improving the patient’s quality of life (Hospice Foundation of America, 2011). Hospice care The United States is a good example of a country where hospice care is well developed. Establishment of Hospice care in the United States was in the year 1974 and its development was in New Haven. Today hospice programs in the United States have grown to a huge number of about 4,700 programs. The hospice programs in the United States majorly aims at making patients last days comfortable and dignified. A team of specially trained professionals, family members and volunteers does provision of hospice care. Hospice care generally deals with emotional, spiritual and social impact of the patient’s disease. Lastly, hospice care in the United States provides a variety of counseling and bereavement services to the family members. This is applicable before and after the death of a patient.Apart from the United States practicing hospice care, two other countries, which utilize hospice care, are Thailand and Australia (Hospice Foundation of America, 2011). Hospice care in Thailand began in the 1980s. Previously, patients had to be cared for in hospitals or private residences. In comparison, Hospice care in Thailand consists of inpatient hospice services and outpatient homecare services. In giving hospice care, it is notable that most of the care of about 90% given to patients happens at home. The difference that is there in Thailand is that provision of hospice care at home and hospice centers are different in that services at the hospice centers are inpatient. In Thailand, hospice services do not cover bereavement services as in the case of the United States where the service lasts for about 6 months or up to 1-year period. Hospice and homecare services in Thailand are twoseparate entities (
Food Bourne illness affects 76 millions of people and kills about 5000 annually in the United States. In most cases, contamination occurs on lettuce, sprouts, tomatoes, and berries among others. Sprouts vary from broccoli, alfalfa, and clovers among others; hence, contamination occurs in many ways, from scarification where harmful bacteria penetrates to the seeds. Animals that graze on the forms could also contaminate vegetation with their faeces and when these vegetables are transported, they may be exposed to dirt and dust, which contributes to illness. In addition, the consumer mainly ignores washing the vegetables, thus leading to contamination. Moreover, the sprouts are grown under moist conditions that yield to the growth of bacteria’s (Dechet, 2005). The presence of bacteria such as E-coli in human body is harmful for their health since it is related to food Bourne diseases that result from consumption of contaminated food. Contamination of sprouts should therefore be prevented from the first stage and the affected products should be destroyed to avoid further contamination. Biocide treatment on the
Introduction Lubricating oil has found a wide range of applications in the world today. Unlike in the past when various fluids were used as lubricants, lube oil is the preferred lubricant given its high efficiency in the function of lubricating. As such, the production of lubricant oil in refineries is an important stage in crude oil processing. Despite being various categories of the lube oil as mentioned earlier in the project, mineral lube oil from petroleum is the commonly preferred lubricating oil to the synthetic lube oil. Fig. showing lubricating oil (Mortier et al., 2010, p.62) The history of lubricating oils can be traced back from the time civilization was born. In the historical times, various substances such as animal fat or plant oils were used as lubricants. Fluids such as water were also used as lubricants despite being inefficient. The ancient people understood that parts of machines that were made of metal needed lubrication to prevent wear and tear as well as ensuing that they operated efficiently. For instance, the wheel axels of chariots were lubricated using tallow or rather animal fats to reduce friction. However, as time went by there was steady development in the technology of lubrication especially after the realization of petroleum by Colonel William Drake in 1859. However, the raw crude oil was a poor lubricant performing even poorer than animal fats and plant oils thus calling for the refinery of the crude oil to give several products. Among the many products recovered from crude oil refinery were lubricant oils, which play a significant role in reduction of friction in machine parts. As mentioned earlier in this project, the extraction of lubricating oils from crude oil is a multistep process that involves distillation, solvent extraction, and dewaxing as shown in the diagram below. Fig. Lube oil extraction process (Speight, 1998, p.76) This section is an in-depth analysis of further processing of the dewaxed raffinates to produce different categories of lubricating oils. Processes after dewaxing unit Dewaxing of raffinates uses different methods, with crystallization method as the most commonly used method. Crystallization method is one of the most expensive of dewaxing raffinates in contemporary oils schemes. Since this method of dewaxing is expensive, many studies have been carried out develop new methods. In this case, the process will make use hydrocracking also called catalytic hydrodewaxing (Wuest et al, 1999, p.71). The process of dewaxing using catalytic hydrodewaxing uses high-silica zeolites that have catalysts that are a size of a pore and ranges between 38 and 52 nm to primarily split the n-alkanes. The dewaxed oils that are produced through this process cost less than traditionally manufactured oils by about 10 to 20%. The refining of high wax oils requires that waxes be obtained to be used for different applications besides the dewaxed oils. In this case, it important to ensure that at first, the solid hydrocarbons are extracted f
Collective bargaining makes it possible for employees to negotiate with their employers on issues related to working conditions. Namit & Larry (1987) explains that among others, wage scale, pension, working hours, overtime, safety and health, are set through collective bargaining agreements. In the United States, the state of Wisconsin was one of the first to introduce collective bargaining rights to its majority public workers. However, the introduction of the Budget Repair Bill (on February 11, 2011) proposed taking away these collective bargaining rights of public-sector unions. The Budget Repair Bill was introduced by newly elected Governor Walker to close a perennial budget deficit. Earlier, the deficit had been filled three times by former governor Jim Doyle (2003-2010) by taking $1.257 billion from transportation fund. Walker’s bill was passed by the Wisconsin Assembly, On March 10, 2011, with a vote margin of 53-42. According to the bill, state employees are required to pay more toward their pension in an attempt to help the state raise up to $ 180 million a year in order to close the state’s $137 million budget gap. Thus, the budget repair bill makes it almost impossible for public sector unions to bargain collectively for its members over pension, wage scale and healthcare. The bill also limits public employees’ pay rise in response to corresponding rise in rate of inflation, arguing that such cuts are necessary to prevent massive job losses. According to the 1996 pension plan collective bargaining agreement, the districts paid for employees a total of 13% to the pension scheme. But the recent legislation presented by Walker requires employers to contribute 6.8%, with another 6.2% contribution coming from the employee. Another provision in this bill to reduce the capacity of the legislative oversight of the state Medicaid program was also strongly opposed by the workers’ union. Since the bill became effective as law on June, 29, 20011, the State has recorded positive change. In Kaukauna, for example, school officials project that at end of the financial year they will make a surplus of $1.5 million, up from a $0.4 million deficit. However, the policy has also recorded setbacks. For example, the Wisconsin Education Association Council (WEAC) announced a 40% workforce layoff as a result of loss of revenue. Wisconsin’s collective bargaining issue generated a heated debate with some organizations supporting Walkers’ legislation and others condemning it. Public and private unions joined hands in solidarity to oppose the Governor’s measures. These included the largest police union whose members are not affected by this legislation.