ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Progress in (Ga,Mn)As lithography has recently allowed us to realize structures where unique magnetic anisotropy properties can be imposed locally in various regions of a given device. We make use of this technology to fabricate a device in which we study transport through a constriction separating two regions whose magnetization direction differs by 90 degrees. We find that the resistance of the constriction depends on the flow of the magnetic field lines in the constriction region and demonstrate that such a structure constitutes a non-volatile memory device.
We consider D3-brane action in the maximally supersymmetric type IIB plane-wave background. Upon fixing the light-cone gauge, we obtain the light-cone Hamiltonian which is manifestly supersymmetric. The 1/2 BPS solutions of this theory (solutions which preserve 16 supercharges) are either of the form of spherical three branes, the giant gravitons, or zero size point like branes. We then construct specific classes of 1/4 BPS solutions of this theory in which static electric field on the brane is turned on. These solutions are deformations about either of the two 1/2 BPS solutions. In particular, we study in some detail 1/4 BPS configurations with electric dipole on the three sphere giant, i.e. BIons on the giant gravitons, which we hence call BIGGons. We also study BPS configurations corresponding to turning on a background uniform constant electric field. As a result of this background electric field the three sphere giant is deformed to squashed sphere, while the zero size point like branes turn into circular or straight fundamental strings in the plane-wave background, with their tension equal to the background electric field.
Neutron-star and black-hole X-ray binaries (XRBs) exhibit radio jets, whose properties depend on the X-ray spectral state and history of the source. In particular, black-hole XRBs emit compact, steady radio jets when they are in the so-called hard state, the jets become eruptive as the sources move toward the soft state, disappear in the soft state, and re-appear when the sources return to the hard state. On the other hand, jets from neutron-star X-ray binaries are typically weaker radio emitters than the black-hole ones at the same X-ray luminosity and in some cases radio emission is detected in the soft state. Significant phenomenology has been accumulated so far regarding the spectral states of neutron-star and black-hole XRBs, and there is general agreement about the type of the accretion disk around the compact object in the various spectral states. Our aim is to investigate whether the phenomenology regarding the X-ray emission on one hand and the jet appearance and disappearance on the other can be put together in a consistent physical picture. It has been shown that the so-called Poynting-Robertson Cosmic Battery (PRCB) explains in a natural way the formation of magnetic fields in the disks of AGN and the ejection of jets. We investigate whether the PRCB can also explain the formation, destruction, and variability of jets in XRBs. We find excellent agreement between the conditions under which the PRCB is efficient (i.e., the type of the accretion disk) and the emission or destruction of the radio jet. The disk-jet connection in XRBs is explained in a natural way using the PRCB.
An analysis of the effects of meson exchange and isobar currents in exclusive (e,e'p) processes from O-16 under quasi-free kinematics is presented. A model that has probed its feasibility for inclusive quasi-elastic (e,e') processes is considered. Sensitivity to final state interactions between the outgoing proton and the residual nucleus is discussed by comparing the results obtained with phenomenological optical potentials and a continuum nuclear shell-model calculation. The contribution of the meson-exchange and isobar currents to the response functions is evaluated and compared to previous calculations, which differ notably from our results. These two-body contributions cannot solve the puzzle of the simultaneous description of the different responses experimentally separated. Copyright 1999 by The American Physical Society
The magnetism of the second antiferromagnetic phase (AF2) arising in the iron-based LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$H$_{x}$ superconductor for $x\gtrsim0.4$ was investigated by muon spin rotation measurements under hydrostatic pressure up to 2.6 GPa. The N\'eel temperature ($T_{\rm N}$) obtained for a sample with $x=0.51$ exhibits considerably greater sensitivity to pressure than that in the pristine antiferromagnetic phase (AF1, $x\lesssim0.06$). Moreover, while the AF1 phase is always accompanied by the structural transition (from tetragonal to orthorhombic) at a temperature ($T_{\rm s}$) which is slightly higher than $T_{\rm N}$, the AF2 phase prevails at higher pressures above $\sim$1.5 GPa where the structural transition is suppressed ($T_{\rm s}=0$). These features indicate that the microscopic origin of the AF2 phase is distinct from that of AF1, suggesting that electronic correlation plays important role in the former phase. We argue that the orbital-selective Mott transition is a plausible scenario to account for the observed pressure dependence of $T_{\rm N}$ and $T_{\rm s}$ in the AF2 phase.
We report longitudinal ultrasound velocity measurements for magnetic fields up to 33 T applied parallel to the a-axis of the heavy electron compound UPt$_{3}$. A characteristic dip in the sound velocity at the metamagnetic critical field, $H_{c}=20$ T, reported in earlier work is reproduced and shown to be independent of temperature at very low temperatures. We show that the single energy scale model (B.S. Shivaram et al., Phys. Rev. B89, 241107(R), 2014) captures the observed key features of the field dependence in the sound velocity shift, $\delta v_{s}$. The shift $\delta v_{s}$ at $H_{c}$ is found to be inversely dependent on temperature above 3\thinspace K and assumes a fixed value at low T. This saturation in $\delta v_{s}$ below 3 K is accounted for by level broadening of the Uranium spin states.
Let $G$ be the simple group ${\rm PSU}(2,2^{2^n})$, $n>0$. For any subgroup $H$ of $G$, we compute the M\"obius function $\mu_L(H,G)$ of $H$ in the subgroup lattice $L$ of $G$, and the M\"obius function $\mu_{\bar L}([H],[G])$ of $[H]$ in the poset $\bar L$ of conjugacy classes of subgroups of $G$. For any prime $p$, we provide the Euler characteristic of the order complex of the poset of $p$-subgroups of $G$.
Molecular line data for the rotational transitions of a number of astrophysically interesting species have been collected and are made publically available through the www. These data, including energy levels, statistical weights, Einstein A-coefficients and collisional rate coefficients, are essential input for non-LTE molecular radiative transfer programs. A computer program for performing statistical equilibrium calculations is made publically available for use as well. This database should form an important tool in analyzing observations from current and future infrared and (sub)millimetre telescopes.
To advance knowledge of K bonding in Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) absorbers, recent Cu-K-In-Se phase growth studies have been extended to PV performance. First, the effect of distributing K throughout bulk Cu1-xKxInSe2 absorbers at low K/(K+Cu) compositions (0 <= x <= 0.30) was studied. Efficiency, open-circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF) were greatly enhanced for x ~ 0.07, resulting in an officially-measured 15.0%-efficient solar cell, matching to the world record CuInSe2 efficiency. The improvements were a result of reduced interface and bulk recombination, relative to CuInSe2 (x ~ 0). However, higher x compositions had reduced efficiency, short-circuit current density (JSC), and FF due to greatly increased interface recombination, relative to the x ~ 0 baseline. Next, the effect of confining K at the absorber/buffer interface at high K/(K+Cu) compositions (0.30 <= x <= 0.92) was researched. Previous work showed that these surface layer growth conditions produced CuInSe2 with a large phase fraction of KInSe2. After optimization (75 nm surface layer with x ~ 0.41), these KInSe2 surface samples exhibited increased efficiency (officially 14.9%), VOC, and FF as a result of decreased interface recombination. The KInSe2 surfaces had features similar to previous reports for KF post-deposition treatments (PDTs) used in world record CIGS solar cells-taken as indirect evidence that KInSe2 can form during these PDTs. Both the bulk and surface growth processes greatly reduced interface recombination. However, the KInSe2 surface had higher K levels near the surface, greater lifetimes, and increased inversion near the buffer interface, relative to the champion bulk CKIS absorber. These characteristics demonstrate that K may benefit PV performance by different mechanisms at the surface and in the absorber bulk.
We consider configurations of six-branes, five-branes and eight-branes in various superstring backgrounds. These configurations give rise to $(0,1)$ supersymmetric theories in six dimensions. The condition for RR charge conservation of a brane configuration translates to the condition that the corresponding field theory is anomaly-free. Sets of infinitely many models with non-trivial RG fixed points at strong coupling are demonstrated. Some of them reproduce and generalise the world-volume theories of SO(32) and $E_8\times E_8$ small instantons. All the models are shown to be connected by smooth transitions. In particular, the small instanton transition for which a tensor multiplet is traded for 29 hypermultiplets is explicitly demonstrated. The particular limit in which these theories can be considered as six-dimensional string theories without gravity are discussed. New fixed points (string theories) associated with $E_n$ global symmetries are discovered by taking the strong string coupling limit.
We prove the Schr\"oder case, i.e. the case $\langle \cdot,e_{n-d}h_d \rangle$, of the conjecture of Haglund, Remmel and Wilson (Haglund et al. 2018) for $\Delta_{h_m}\Delta_{e_{n-k-1}}'e_n$ in terms of decorated partially labelled Dyck paths, which we call \emph{generalized Delta conjecture}. This result extends the Schr\"oder case of the Delta conjecture proved in (D'Adderio, Vanden Wyngaerd 2017), which in turn generalized the $q,t$-Schr\"oder of Haglund (Haglund 2004). The proof gives a recursion for these polynomials that extends the ones known for the aforementioned special cases. Also, we give another combinatorial interpretation of the same polynomial in terms of a new bounce statistic. Moreover, we give two more interpretations of the same polynomial in terms of doubly decorated parallelogram polyominoes, extending some of the results in (D'Adderio, Iraci 2017), which in turn extended results in (Aval et al. 2014). Also, we provide combinatorial bijections explaining some of the equivalences among these interpretations.
In this article we describe the $\tG\times \tG$-equivariant $K$-ring of $X$, where $\tG$ is a {\it factorial} cover of a connected complex reductive algebraic group $G$, and $X$ is a regular compactification of $G$. Furthermore, using the description of $K_{\tG\times \tG}(X)$, we describe the ordinary $K$-ring $K(X)$ as a free module of rank the cardinality of the Weyl group, over the $K$-ring of a toric bundle over $G/B$, with fibre the toric variety $\bar{T}^{+}$, associated to a smooth subdivision of the positive Weyl chamber. This generalizes our previous work on the wonderful compactification (see \cite{u}). Further, we give an explicit presentation of $K_{\tG\times \tG}(X)$ as well as $K(X)$ as an algebra over the $K_{\tG\times \tG}(\bar{G_{ad}})$ and $K(\bar{G_{ad}})$ respectively, where $\bar{G_{ad}}$ is the wonderful compactification of the adjoint semisimple group $G_{ad}$. Finally, we identify the equivariant and ordinary Grothendieck ring of $X$ respectively with the corresponding rings of a canonical toric bundle over $\bar{G_{ad}}$ with fiber the toric variety $\bar{T}^+$.
States with private correlations but little or no distillable entanglement were recently reported. Here, we consider the secure distribution of such states, i.e., the situation when an adversary gives two parties such states and they have to verify privacy. We present a protocol which enables the parties to extract from such untrusted states an arbitrarily long and secure key, even though the amount of distillable entanglement of the untrusted states can be arbitrarily small.
This paper presents a method which can track and 3D reconstruct the non-rigid surface motion of human performance using a moving RGB-D camera. 3D reconstruction of marker-less human performance is a challenging problem due to the large range of articulated motions and considerable non-rigid deformations. Current approaches use local optimization for tracking. These methods need many iterations to converge and may get stuck in local minima during sudden articulated movements. We propose a puppet model-based tracking approach using skeleton prior, which provides a better initialization for tracking articulated movements. The proposed approach uses an aligned puppet model to estimate correct correspondences for human performance capture. We also contribute a synthetic dataset which provides ground truth locations for frame-by-frame geometry and skeleton joints of human subjects. Experimental results show that our approach is more robust when faced with sudden articulated motions, and provides better 3D reconstruction compared to the existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Surgical instrument segmentation in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) - especially that using learning-based models - relies on the assumption that training and testing videos are sampled from the same domain. However, it is impractical and expensive to collect and annotate sufficient data from every new domain. To greatly increase the label efficiency, we explore a new problem, i.e., adaptive instrument segmentation, which is to effectively adapt one source model to new robotic surgical videos from multiple target domains, only given the annotated instruments in the first frame. We propose MDAL, a meta-learning based dynamic online adaptive learning scheme with a two-stage framework to fast adapt the model parameters on the first frame and partial subsequent frames while predicting the results. MDAL learns the general knowledge of instruments and the fast adaptation ability through the video-specific meta-learning paradigm. The added gradient gate excludes the noisy supervision from pseudo masks for dynamic online adaptation on target videos. We demonstrate empirically that MDAL outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on two datasets (including a real-world RAS dataset). The promising performance on ex-vivo scenes also benefits the downstream tasks such as robot-assisted suturing and camera control.
In typical thermoelectric energy harvesters and sensors, the Seebeck effect is caused by diffusion of electrons or holes in a temperature gradient. However, the Seebeck effect can also have a phonon drag component, due to momentum exchange between charge carriers and lattice phonons, which is more difficult to quantify. Here, we present the first study of phonon drag in the AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We find that phonon drag does not contribute significantly to the thermoelectric behavior of devices with ~100 nm GaN thickness, which suppress the phonon mean free path. However, when the thickness is increased to ~1.2 $\mu$m, up to 32% (88%) of the Seebeck coefficient at 300 K (50 K) can be attributed to the drag component. In turn, the phonon drag enables state-of-the-art thermoelectric power factor in the thicker GaN film, up to ~40 mW m$^{-1}$ K$^{-2}$ at 50 K. By measuring the thermal conductivity of these AlGaN/GaN films, we show that the magnitude of the phonon drag can increase even when the thermal conductivity decreases. Decoupling of thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient could enable important advancements in thermoelectric power conversion with devices based on 2DEGs.
We demonstrate that the large-N expansion of Wilson loop expectation values in SO(N) and Sp(N) Yang-Mills theory on orientable and nonorientable surfaces has a natural description as a weighted sum over covers of the given surface. The sum takes the form of the perturbative expansion of an open string theory. The derivation makes contact with the classification of branched covers by Gabai and Kazez. Comparison with the analogous results for the chiral sectors of QCD_2 is instructive for both cases.
We investigate deep inelastic lepton scattering from the nucleon within a constituent quark picture, in which the internal structure of constituent quarks is modeled by meson and diquark dressing. In a covariant framework this structure leads to a breakdown of the factorization necessary for a convolution formulation. We perform our analysis in time-ordered perturbation theory in the infinite momentum frame where factorization of subprocesses is automatic. Numerical results are compared with recent data on valence quark distributions in the proton.
In a previous paper we explored how conjugacy classes of the modular group classify the symmetry algebras that arise on type IIB [p,q] 7-branes. The Kodaira list of finite Lie algebras completely fills the elliptic classes as well as some parabolic classes. Loop algebras of E_N fill additional parabolic classes, and exotic finite algebras, hyperbolic extensions of E_N and more general indefinite Lie algebras fill the hyperbolic classes. Since they correspond to brane configurations that cannot be made into strict singularities, these non-Kodaira algebras are spectrum generating and organize towers of massive BPS states into representations. The smallest brane configuration with unit monodromy gives rise to the loop algebra \hat{E}_9 which plays a central role in the theory. We elucidate the patterns of enhancement relating E_8, E_9, \hat{E}_9 and E_10. We examine configurations of 24 7-branes relevant to type IIB compactifications on a two-sphere, or F-theory on K3. A particularly symmetric configuration separates the 7-branes into two groups of twelve branes and the massive BPS spectrum is organized by E_10 + E_10.
In 1958, L.J. Mordell provided the formula for the integral of the product of two Bernoulli polynomials, he also remarked: "The integrals containing the product of more than two Bernoulli polynomials do not appear to lead to simple results." In this paper, we provide explicit formulas for the integral of the product of $r$ Bernoulli polynomials, where $r$ is any positive integer. Many authors' results in this direction, including N\"orlund, Mordell, Carlitz, Agoh and Dilcher are special cases of the formulas given in this paper.
Working over the field of order 2 we consider those complete caps (maximal sets of points with no three collinear) which are disjoint from some codimension 2 subspace of projective space. We derive restrictive conditions which such a cap must satisfy in order to be complete. Using these conditions we obtain explicit descriptions of complete caps which do not meet every hyperplane in at least 5 points. In particular, we determine the set of cardinalities of all such complete caps in all dimensions.
An exposition of Vassiliev invariants is given in terms of the simplest approach to the functional integral construction of link invariants from Chern-Simons theory. This approach gives the top row evaluations of Vassiliev invariants for the classical Lie algebras, and a neat point of view on the results of Bar-Natan. It also clarifies the relation between Vassiliev invariants and the extension of the bracket invariant to links with transverse double points that appears in the work of Bruegmann, Gambini and Pullin on the loop representation of quantum gravity. We see that the Vassiliev vertex is not just a transversal intersection of Wilson loops, but rather has the structure of Casimir insertion (up to first order of approximation) coming from the difference formula in the functional integral. (Figures are available from the author.)
In this paper, we construct an infinite families of group $G$ of order $4p^m$ which can be an automorphism group of some regular polytope with type $\{p, 2p\}$, where $m \geq 3$ and $p$ is an odd prime. For $p=3$, our polytopes are the regular toroidal maps $\{3, 6\}$.
Quantum coherence is an essential feature of quantum mechanics and is an important physical resource in quantum information. Recently, the resource theory of quantum coherence has been established parallel with that of entanglement. In the resource theory, a resource can be well defined if given three ingredients: the free states, the resource, the (restricted) free operations. In this paper, we study the resource theory of coherence in a different light, that is, we consider the total coherence defined by the basis-free coherence maximized among all potential basis. We define the distillable total coherence and the total coherence cost and in both the asymptotic regime and the single-copy regime show the reversible transformation between a state with certain total coherence and the state with the unit reference total coherence. Extensively, we demonstrate that the total coherence can also be completely converted to the total correlation with the equal amount by the free operations. We also provide the alternative operational meanings of the total coherence, respectively, based on the entanglement and the total correlation in a different way.
We prove a Bogomolov-Gieseker type inequality for the third Chern characters of stable sheaves on Calabi-Yau 3-folds and a large class of Fano 3-folds with given rank and first and second Chern classes. The proof uses the spreading-out technique, vanishings from the tilt-stability conditions, and Langer's estimation theorem of the global sections of torsion free sheaves. In particular, the result implies that the conjectural sufficient conditions on the Chern numbers for the existence of stable sheaves on a Calabi-Yau 3-fold by Douglas-Reinbacher-Yau needs to be modified.
The hyperbolic lattice point problem asks to estimate the size of the orbit $\Gamma z$ inside a hyperbolic disk of radius $\cosh^{-1}(X/2)$ for $\Gamma$ a discrete subgroup of $\hbox{PSL}_2(R)$. Selberg proved the estimate $O(X^{2/3})$ for the error term for cofinite or cocompact groups. This has not been improved for any group and any center. In this paper local averaging over the center is investigated for $\hbox{PSL}_2(Z)$. The result is that the error term can be improved to $O(X^{7/12+\epsilon})$. The proof uses surprisingly strong input e.g. results on the quantum ergodicity of Maa{\ss} cusp forms and estimates on spectral exponential sums. We also prove omega results for this averaging, consistent with the conjectural best error bound $O(X^{1/2+\epsilon})$. In the appendix the relevant exponential sum over the spectral parameters is investigated.
A rate-independent model coupling small strain associative elasto-plasticity and damage is studied via a 'vanishing-viscosity' analysis with respect to all the variables describing the system. This extends the analysis performed for the same system in [Crismale-Lazzaroni 2016], where a vanishing-viscosity regularization involving only the damage variable was set forth. In the present work, an additional approximation featuring vanishing plastic hardening is introduced in order to deal with the vanishing viscosity in the plastic variable. Different regimes are considered, leading to different notions of Balanced Viscosity solutions for the perfectly plastic damage system, and for its version with hardening.