ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Anorexia Nervosa is a disorder that mostly affects young women at puberty age. It involves being obsessed with the fear of adding on weight and was first described by Sir. Williams Gull in 1868. Some people do believe that once one is anorexic, they can’t get back their lives and also that these group of people do not eat, all of which are not true. Studies have proved beyond any reasonable doubt the influence of the neurotransmitters in relation to this disorder. Those who are anorexic are associated with digestion problems, thin hairs, and dry skin. They over personalize their immediate surrounding and exhibit queer behaviors. Treatment of the disorder involves enlisting the services of nutritionist as well as psychiatrists. The patient is counseled by professionals together with their immediate family members and observed over a period of time for the gains made not to be reversed due to the influence of the external environment. History of Anorexia Nervosa Those people who deliberately deny themselves food out of fear of adding on weight are said to suffer from a disorder known as anorexia nervosa and is very popular amongst young ladies in the industrialized society where culture encourages thin bodies. This disorder, in many instances, start at puberty when the young people are rediscovering themselves and involves weight losses of up to 15% below the normal person’s body weight. The affected persons are so obsessed with the idea of losing weight to the extent that he/she ignores the body’s food requirement; those who suffer from this disease do have uncontrolled fear of adding weight (Grohol, 2006). It has been observed that this disease has been on the rise in the modern days than it used to before, and this has been attributed to many factors like fashion whereby people associate thinness as the fashionable way to look like and therefore many people adopt different ways to slim while in the process start to avoid food in spite of the body’s desire. Other reasons include modern technology whereby most work is done while sitting down thus people tend to eat less. Lastly, the media has ‘over-emphasized’ on exercise and sport thus one can strain the body to unreachable ideal levels. The disease was first described in the seventeenth century (1868) by Sir William Gull, but it was up to until 1870s that it was not only identified but also described together with its diagnosis. Even though the existence of the disease has been known by the medical practitioners for such a long time, it was not known to the public until later years in the 1970s, approximately three centuries after it was first described. In 1984, one of the comedians hosting the ‘‘Saturday night live’ comedy show was heard making a joke of the
“American Experience: The Berlin Airlift” has a clear flow of events that helps the audience to understand the issues that unfolded during the Berlin airlift in 1948. After watching the video, I realized that the World War II led to the division of Berlin by four super powers at that time. They included America, Russia, France, and Britain. However, as time went on, it emerged that Russia under the leadership of Stalin was trying to sideline all the other three countries. At this time, there was tension between Russians and the rest of the countries that were controlling Berlin. The tension grew when Russians initiated a blockade and stopped shipments from East Berlin. In response, American, Britain, and France initiated airlifts inside of Berlin in protest of Russians’ plan to control Berlin. The differences between these two groups created an immediate friendship between America and Germany. To the Germans, America, Britain and France became close allies because they defended the nation from Russia’s intended control. This movie has great historical events that explain the current relationship between Germany and the three allies. It gives the audience an immense feeling and experience of the real situation during that time as the cold war began. However, the most interesting event in the entire story is how the Germans lost the battle and influence to become a needy country. Germany was among the leading military power during the World War II. How
Abstract At first sight, paper would appear like an improbable leader in the competitive electronics race. Paper is not as strong as plastic or as smooth as new elastic type of glass. At an infinitesimal level, a paper is made up of loops of cellulose fibers. With these features, this material is hardly the type of composition appropriate for the creation of electronic components. Compared to other materials, paper is light, supple, eco-friendly, and is derived from renewable sources. Equally, it is extremely flexible. With appropriate raw materials and manufacturing procedures, the material can offer a collection of properties. As such, it comprises of hydrophilic, absorbent, opaque, or waterproof properties. Compared with plastic films, paper films cost ten times lesser than plastic films. Introduction Although plastics, silicon, and glass are the common electronics, it should be noted that paper electronics studies have been conducted for over half a century (Lisboa, 2008). During the 1960s several materials including paper were experimented on to determine if they could be used as substrates. Although there were scanty technologies in glazing and processing, the use of paper had several prospective features. A key feature amid these attributes was its superiority as an electrical insulator. Equally, a material made from paper possesses a resistivity of up ten billion Ω. This is approximately one hundred thousand times the silicon’s resistivity. This implies that paper material is a perfect substrate for electronics. As such, it perfectly defies the flow of current. Through this, the conventional pathways through which electrons slip through when the transistors are off are eradicated. Despite these properties, it should be noted that papers have not been the appropriate materials to create transistors in the past. Other resources such as glass and silicon are simple to fabricate. The height of materials made from these resources varies up to some nanometers or less. However, height differences in paper vary up to some micrometers with respect to the fiber dimension and the manner in which the fibers intertwine. Notably, electronics created from such an uneven surface differ significantly in their functioning. Therefore, a number of these electronics will not function at all. Body Fig 1: Transistors on supple substrates. They are developed with the help of organic or inorganic semiconducting conduits. This diagram demonstrates a means of developing an organic switch. The above figure shows an approach of developing an organic switch. Transistors on supple substrates are developed with macrobiotic or non-macrobiotic semiconducting conduits. In the last few years, several researchers have been conducted on how to overcome the above challenges and make the paper an ideal substrate. The researchers have noted that if they could develop a backend circuitry required to manage pixels, they could succeed in developing a flexible display, which has the appearance and touch of paper. Of all the researches, a few study groups have been successful in creating tran
“The Left Hand of Darkness” is one of the most revolutionary books I have read for a long time. Mainly, I was impressed by how peculiar and exciting the author has raised the topic of gender and sex. I believe that this is a crucial issue nowadays and people have to pay a lot of attention to it and educate themselves. The fact that the book was written about fifty years ago makes it even more unique and fascinating. Many moments throughout the story made me reflect on different subjects and experience the broad spectrum of emotions. The part that I felt enlightened and surprised about simultaneously was the dialogue between the Faxe and Genry. Reading Faxe’s words about the unknown nature of the world and that with absolute knowledge, there would be nothing at all made me shocked. Le Guin used the phrase “ignorance is the ground of thought” (p. 42) that gave me a slight sense of melancholy, the sadness of realizing that by denying ignorance, people lose the chance to explore new horizons. After finishing the chapter, I was thoughtful and concentrated on observing some moments from life through this perspective. It was incredibly inspiring and exciting as suddenly I learned an ultimate truth about the core of life. The specific feature of the book that made me question a lot of topics during the reading is the ambisexual view on gender. This tool differs the book from many others because it made me curious and confused as I tried to imagine the characters with no gender. In addition, Le Guin tended to fill it with many little details and descriptions that create that unique atmosphere and let the readers feel everything going on in the book. This story was an incredible experience because I have felt a lot more than usual while reading the book. The discussion about the known and unknown gave me the feeling of relief, for I have realized that the undiscovered is what serves as a fundament for the future. The literary tools that the author used, such as the variety of little detailed descriptions, made me feel like I am a part of this exceptional world. Reference Le Guin, U., K. (2012) The left hand of darkness. Hachette UK.
Introduction Ambiguous sex has become a major social and ethical issue for entire societies and professional practices therein. The concept of ambiguous sex stems from the relation of sex and gender, whereby, it is argued that one’s sexuality is not a representation of his or her gender (Diamond & Beh, 2012). In other words, a person with female genitals does not necessarily have to be female in gender; rather she can be socialized to be male in gender. To shed more light on the sex ambiguity, Diamond (2002) defines the term sex as the anatomical structure of the genitals, and gender as the adopted or imposed psychological and social condition. Such distinctions imply that use of sex and gender as synonyms is wrong. Professionally, members of the medical profession are charged with the responsibility of offering psychological guidance to people with ambiguous sex, helping them have a sex change if they so desire, and helping them deal with their new found identities once the sex change has been done. In some cases, professionals in the medical field have even had to contend with legal processes where they have been accused of giving the wrong kind of advice, and allegedly leading their patients into making the wrong decisions. Such was the case of Alan Flinch, who applied to have sex reassignment surgery when he was
Literature in general always makes a great contribution to all fields of people’s life. It is very important to understand literature as one of the sources of impact on the human consciousness. In order to achieve this aim, people should be taught how to understand literature and to take only the most useful and effective things from it. The book The Moral of the Story is a good example of an educational book. It is much useful for understanding ethics and morality. The author of the book uses different examples in the stories. These examples help to understand the plot and sense of the stories. The author uses different examples from everyday life and from films and modern literary works. The first chapter of the first part of the book, which is called The Story as a Tool of Ethics, contains the general issues about ethics and morality. The stories help to understand what is good and what is bad for people. It is a fact for many people it is the most difficult question in their lives, and that is why it should be properly answered in this book. The second chapter of the book is devoted to learning moral lessons from the stories. So, here the author explains why the stories are important. And that is really the task of the book to educate and to bring more moral and ethical things to people who need this. As was mentioned above, the author uses different illustrations and uses the primary reading from different kinds of literary pieces to enrich the students’ world with examples from ancient and modern culture. The second part is devoted to different philosophical and global problems. The third chapter is called Ethical Relativism and contains the following stories: How to Deal with Moral Differences, The Lessons of Anthropology, Problems with Ethical Relativism, Refuting Ethical Relativism, Ethical Relativism, and Multiculturalism, Primary Reading: Ruth Benedict, “Anthropology and the Abnormal,” Primary Reading: Dwight Furrow, “Of Cave Dwellers and Spirits,” Primary Reading: Bhikhu Parekh, “The Concept of Multicultural Education,” Narrative: The Poisonwood Bible, Narrative: Possessing the Secret of Joy, Narrative: Sideshow, Narrative: Do the Right Thing. The fourth charter has the greatest value for morality and ethics. It is devoted to psychological egoism. Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an ethical obligation to help or serve others. Ethical egoism does not, however, require moral agents to disregard the well-being of others, nor does it require that a moral agent refrains from considering the well-being of others in moral deliberation. What is in an agent’s self-interest may be incidentally detrimental to, beneficial to, or neutral in its effect on others. It allows for the possibility of either as long as what is chosen is efficacious in satisfying the self-interest of the agent. Ethical egoism is sometimes the philosophical basis for people’s support of libertarianism or anarchism, political positions
Introduction John Santrock views lifespan development as essential in human life. Research in human development motivated Santrock to result in the well-researched documentation of childhood development. Specifically, Santrock zeros in on the management of vast volumes of content that is intrinsic to life span development and the assurance of its dependability on assigned material in the learning. This term paper focuses on diverse views of life span based on experiences of an individual and the accompanying concepts of psychological theory. The contemporary research is about personal experiences in view of John Folk-Williams childhood. Main Body The Experience John is currently working to rebuild his self-esteem. He states that he is not sure whether or not the lack of it supported despair or despair slew the self-esteem. Though it is not important any longer, John’s childhood was full of confidence. He was sure of who he was and felt
Poem Parini, Jay. “Some Effects of Global Warming in Lackawanna County.” Beacon Press, 2016. Climate change is a significant and prolonged alteration in the statistical distribution of weather conditions, which can happen over decades to millions of years. The poem written by Jay Parini in 1948 tells about climate change and its consequences. Too hot winters and very cold summers are not typical of the inhabitants of the planet. The author shows the tragedy of the situation with climate change by the example of birds that arrived too early from the South, as the buds begin to bloom, although it is still icy. This poem makes a reader think about what or who caused the climate changes that carry many consequences. This poem will be used to confirm the thesis that changes in temperature regimes over time can lead to severe consequences. Short Story Mulholland, Marcela. Stories from the Frontlines of Climate Justice. Earth Justice. 2021. The short story of Marcela Mulholland reveals a large number of complex social problems. In her story, she is horrified by how people do not protect the planet, clogging it and altogether ceasing to care about what will remain of the earth for future generations. In addition, she draws attention to the fact that it is necessary to take an active part in the fight against global problems, be volunteers, and be prepared because other people will look strange. Anyway, the story is very inspiring and encourages everyone to join the communities fighting for the planet’s survival. Documentary “Climate Change 2021: Global Warming Effects.” YouTube, uploaded by Alluring Planet. 2021. The documentary about climate change, particularly global warming, tells how this change negatively affects all ecosystems. Melting glaciers, rising water levels in reservoirs, drought, and famine are all the consequences of global warming. The biggest reason that causes climate change is the activity of people. Large companies engaged in producing goods for people are destroying the ozone layer, which protected the planet from harmful sunlight. Now that the population is growing, the needs are growing, and the number of production factories increases. The earth is suffering at the hands of man, and over time the situation will only worsen. Long-form article “Climate Justice.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , 2020. The author of the article considers climate justice in detail since this problem is quite important in modern times. The problem is who should pay to save the environment from greenhouse gases. There are several ways to solve this problem. For example, the payment should be divided for each person living on earth. This leads to several other issues. For instance, large, prosperous enterprises provoked greenhouse gases, which led to the destruction of the ozone layer and dr
There is an ever-encompassing sense of wonder and awe from the largeness of mountains and the vastness of the sea. The Looming artwork is a picture of the landscape, where the image of mountains stands out the most. The focal point is a tiny boat with a person, which demonstrates how small a human is compared to his surroundings. The reason for such a conclusion is the fact that there are three significant elements, besides a person in the boat, such as the mountains, the sea, and a hill with plains. Thus, these components take up the most space in the picture, which makes a human the smallest element of it. The parts of the work are arranged in two upper quadrants and the lower half. The former represents mountains on the left side and plains with a hill on the right side. The lower half is filled with the blue sea, and on the more down right side, there is a person in the boat. The parts appear symmetrical in terms of the upper and lower half, and the picture is stable because the representation is landscape scenery. It also can be considered as a static image beside a crow on the top left side and a boat. The proportions of the objects and figures in the picture are believable and realistic. Even considering that the crow in the picture is objectively larger than the person in the boat, it is mainly due to the foreshortening. There are no specific poses to describe because all elements appear natural. In addition, every figure in the picture is calm. Thus, the same calmness is conveyed to a viewer. There are no particular interactions between figures, but they complement each other. The figures and natural objects in the picture appear natural in terms of size and proportion, but they lack detalization in order to seem entirely realistic. The author intentionally avoids adding too many details to the figures in order to keep the person at the focal point. The picture contains clear outlines of the mountains in order to avoid blending them with a white sky. In addition, there is also the central horizontal line, which divides the picture in half, where the lower half is the sea. The lines between mountains and sky are bold, and the mainline is subtle but geometrically straight. Space is mainly filled with the landscape, and the central figure, which is the person, is minute in relation to his surroundings. The mountains are located within the picture, whereas plains with a hill are cut off by the edge of the artwork. The setting is illusionistic, but the point of view is set from the perspective of a flying bird. In order to demonstrate the largeness of mountains, the right side of them is hidden behind plains. In addition, the diminution of size is applied to the person in the boat. The texture in the picture is smooth, and no roughness can be observed. The brushstrokes are hardly visible except for the plains with a hill, where they appear brushy, flowing, and controlled.
Introduction Employee engagement has become one of the most important concepts in modern HR management because it is closely related to individual and organizational performance. First, it reflects the degree of employees’ satisfaction with their work and their willingness to help the management. Secondly, employee engagement is a significant factor that affects turnover rate in a company and influences its financial performance and customer relations. Furthermore, this concept has far-reaching implications for business administrators because the degree of employees’ engagement impacts their motivation, attention to workplace duties, and their willingness to support the initiatives of a manager. This is why this concept has attracted attention of researchers, managers, and corporate executives. The paper will provide a definition of employee engagement. More importantly, it will examine empirical evidence that illustrates implications of employee engagement for workers, managers, and organizations. Finally, it will show how management should act in order to increase employee engagement. Definition of employee engagement It is possible to provide varying explanations of employee engagement. For example, Simon Albrecht (2010, 351) defines it as the degree of employees’ motivation and their willingness to contribute to the success of the organization. Therefore, one can argue that employee engagement is an indicator that reflects people’s attitude toward their job, professional growth, and the organizations in which they work. Yet, such researchers as Sange and Srivasatava believe that it can be interpreted as “a positive attitude held by the employee toward the organization and its values” (2012, 38). Other researchers such as Solomon Markos and Sandhya Sridevi (2010, 90) also believe that this concept can be identified as involvement and enthusiasm for work. Overall, the second definition suggests that this term has positive connotations. Thus, the existing interpretations of this notion can be grouped in two categories: 1) the definitions that describe engagement as an indicator or a measurement of a person’s attitude and 2) the definitions that view engagement as a positive mindset. Nevertheless, in both cases, scholars attach importance to such elements as employee’s attitude toward the job, their company, or its organizational goals. Moreover, one can speak about such components of engagement as enthusiasm, loyalty to the company, job satisfaction, and willingness to take extra effort in order to help the company succeed. Overall, the study of this concept goes in two directions. First, the researchers attempt to determine how employee engagement impacts the performance of individuals and companies (Sange and Srivasatava, 2012). Yet, much attention is also paid to those factors that determine the extent of employee engagement, for instance, organizational cultur