ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Pesticides are chemicals designed to prevent or manage pests’ effects, such as rodents, bacteria, insects, weeds, and other pests. Most toxins that affect the environment are by-products from other processes such as automobile engine emissions. However, pesticides, which can be harmful to the environment, are manufactured to use them in the environment. As a result, several debates have emerged on the benefits and effects of pesticides and whether we can manage pests without them. Furthermore, controversies have arisen on how much control the relevant agencies should have over the manufacture sale and use of pesticides. The recent adverse effects of pesticides that have been witnessed, because most of our farmers and households depend on the same pesticides, have fueled these debates (California Department of Pesticide Regulation, p. 1) Can today’s society do away with pesticides? Previous research has proved that American society is highly dependent on pesticides. A complete ban would result in serious problems compared to the environmental benefits that are sought by the ban. For instance, a study done by Knutson and others, which sought to find out the effects of a prohibition of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, had the following findings. Such a measure would result in a drop in food production, leading to an increase in food prices. These two conditions would make US farmers less competitive in the global market. The most affected produce would be major grains, peanuts, and cotton. Also, there would be a 27 percent drop in US exports of soybeans and corn drop. All these adverse effects would be summed up by losing jobs for 132 000 people (Delaplane, p. 3). The findings of the research also challenged the notion that a ban on insecticides would help the environment. It explained that if pesticides were banned, farmers would have to increase the number of acres that they firm to compensate for the per-acre yield that will be lost. This will, in turn, result in a loss of wildlife habitat. With a pesticide ban, farmers would be forced to
Even before completely coming out of the most recent financial meltdown, especially for equity investors, analysts are already pointing out the prospects of 2012. Not a single equity investor may have the tenacity to forget the 2007/2008 economic meltdown when the financials were down by 7 percent (Kothari, 2010), the overall market fell by 11 percent, and stocks held by banks remained virtually flat (Kahn, 2008). Cook (2012), in his article: Canada’s Banks May Still Be Best TSX Bet for 2012 opens up one of the most debated topics of the new-year, at least for the part of the investors. In this incisive article, Cook argues that despite being hit by a high profile downgrade, the conservative Canadian banks may offer a better investment option for Canadian investors. This is because analysts argue that “the financial sector, whose shares outperformed the overall market in 2011, is unlikely to fall much, and yet have the potential to profit from any market recovery” (Cook, 2012). The author proceeds to argue that instead of walking the same successful path as in 2011, investors should focus on depressed sectors that have the capacity to grow, such as banks. Furthermore, Canadian banks offer better dividends and maintained the same levels during the financial crisis period. Whereas concerns have been raised on the possible impacts of the Eurozone economic crisis on the Canadian domestic market, Cook argues that most of these impacts will be felt on growth-sensitive sectors of the economy such as mining and energy. However, the underlying fact, according to Cook (2012), is that investors should avoid commodity-linked stocks indefinitely.
Abstract Sleep deprivation is a big issue in many students who desire to achieve positive results in their studies. Many experts have associated poor sleeping habits in students with decreased functioning of the brain. The quality of sleep that students have determines their level of performance at college. The students deprive themselves of sleep to study without looking at the adverse health consequences they exposed themselves to. Surveys will be used to establish the relationship between lack of sleep and poor performance outcomes in class. The measures to be used will determine why sleep deprivation is a big issue in many academic institutions. The study will seek to validate the argument that sleep deprivation results in poor performance outcomes for college students. Introduction This study analyses the effect of sleep deprivation on the performance of college students. Students usually neglect sleep for the purpose of excelling in their academic performance. They sacrifice sleep so as to accomplish school projects and assignments. Their lack of enough sleep makes them dysfunctional in other areas well. Sleep deprivation has been found to affect thinking and cognitive functions within the human brain. People who do not get enough sleep are unable to perform their tasks to the desired quality compared to those who do. The body’s nerve functions are negatively affected as a result of inadequate and irregular sleep patterns. People who are deprived of sleep have the misunderstanding that their bodies are still able to operate normally, which is not true. College students who spend a lot of time on other activities at the time they should be sleeping are likely to experience a decline in doing academic tasks and other activities that affect their academic performance. People who sleep a few hours every day are likely to have problems with their memory. College students are likely to experience a low retention ability of what they learn, which has negative consequences on their academic performance. It is necessary for students to spend their time well to ensure that they have enough rest before embarking on strenuous activities. Some students stay late at night either studying or getting entertained. This interferes with their normal sleep cycles and this action leads to poor health. These students are likely to have low energy levels in their body because of the constant fatigue they are subjected to. It is important for students to have consistent sleeping patterns in the whole week, including the weekends. Several surveys have been carried out which sought to evaluate the extent of sleep deprivation and quality among students. The Groniger Sleep Quality questionnaire was one of the tools used in the survey. This survey measured the average times in a week students had slept. The examined sleep patterns were less than five hours, average number of hours every week spent on sleep, and the number of nights students had spent without sleeping. The survey found that students who on average slept more than fi
The Age of Discovery, or as it is also called the Age of Exploration, was an epoch from the early 15th century and ongoing into the early 17th century, throughout which European vessels journeyed around the globe, frequently looking for new trading routes and associates to feed escalating Europe. They also were looking for trading goods such as gold, silver, and spices. Throughout this process, Europeans encountered inhabitants and mapped territories formerly unidentified by them. Among the most eminent discoverers of the epoch were Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan. The age of exploration was the reason for new technologies and ideas outlining the Renaissance. This incorporated progress in cartography, routing, weapons, and shipbuilding. Lots of people desired to find a route to Asia in the course through the west of Europe. The most significant advance was the innovation of carrack and then caravel in Portugal. These boats were developed from medieval European plans with a productive mixture of Mediterranean and the North Sea devices and the adding of some Arabic components. They were the first vessels that possibly could leave the comparatively easygoing and tranquil Mediterranean and sail securely in the Atlantic. The expansion took place mainly in the epoch of the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries, though it cannot be stated exactly at either end of the time scale. Movement outward from the western European peninsula took diverse shapes and contours as it advanced by land and by sea all over Europe, Asia, and America. The outline was an enormous augment in power, prosperity, and information for the small states of Western Europe. As a course, European expansion must be researched as a particular occurrence, however complicated it may be for one man to realize the countless episodes, talking, purposes, and outcomes that typify it. Its derivations in classical and medieval times, its noteworthy accomplishments in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and its impact throughout the more technical and balanced epochs of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries must all be charged with the purpose of realizing its importance. European expansion was at once medieval and systematic, profitable and saintly, associated with both East and West. The overseas expansion was clearly narrated – both as source and result – to the European conversion from medievalism. The Crusades and the Renaissance aroused European inquisitiveness; the Reformation created thousands of enthusiastic spiritual followers looking for overseas exchanges and immigrants looking for religious freedom; and the monarchs of emerging sovereign states sought revenues, first from trade with the Orient and later by taking advantage of the new world. Probably the most permeating pressure was the rise of European entrepreneurship, with its financial assessments, profit-seeking incentives, investment institutes, and the steady impulse toward monetary development. Some historians have labeled this entire monetary alteration “the Commercial Revolution.” Others have utilized the expression in a restricted meaning, submitting to th
Background In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in academic interest regarding the relations between prayers/spirituality and positive health outcomes among patients (Masters & Spielmans, 2007). One particular study investigating the use of prayers as a coping strategy for chronic health conditions found that cancer patients often rank religious activities, such as prayer, church attendance and religious faith, as the most frequent coping response to their illness (Lavery & O’Hea, 2010). Another study demonstrated that relatives of sick patients use prayer and other aspects of religiosity as dominant coping resources in their lived experience with sick members of the family (Plakas et al., 2011). However, despite these advances in research, very little knowledge about the ways in which prayers help patients to cope with their illness is yet to reach the public domain. The proposed study aims to address that gap by presenting and discussing church members’ experiences of prayer as a coping strategy. Purpose of Research The purpose of the proposed quantitative research study is to investigate whether the use of prayer by church members 18 years and above, both male and female, can decrease painful experiences and result in an overall holistic sense of wellbeing for patients at the local church. Many people experience misfortune as a normal process of life and the intense pain experienced within can be difficult to bear. Available literature demonstrates that such misfortune “…can lead to significant psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, as well as a decrease in overall quality of life” (Lavery & O’Hea, 2010, p. 55). The proposed project aims to explore the number of members who actually incorporate prayer into their lives as a strategy to decrease painful experiences. The resources used consist of the Internet and nursing journals. Appropriateness of Approach The proposed research study, which will be descriptive in nature, will employ a quantitative research design to collect quantitative, numeric data using survey technique to identify the number of occurrences of church members who use prayer to cope with medical issues and the reasons behind using this resource. The quantitative design is appropriate in this setting not only because of the fact that the researcher will largely rely on empirical data as the primary source of information, but also because she will be dealing with a cause-and-effect paradigm, which is best answered using a quantitative approach (Knapp, 1998). This approach also provides the opportunity for the researcher not only to segregate variables and causally relate them to ascertain the frequency of relationship between prayer and holistic wellbeing of church members, but also to determine which variables are of interest to investigate and which data gathering instruments to employ, resulting in highly reliabl
The ongoing conflict in some GCC is unsettling. It calls for the UAE to take a defensive position and at the same time seek to provide alternatives that help to bring and sustain peace in the region. A close relationship will Russia is critical to diffusing threats from Iran for the UAE and the region. Russia is the biggest notable player in the Middle East, regarding its involvement in direct economic activity alongside political power in the region. It is keen on other countries reciprocating its stance. Russia can negotiate with parties involved in the Syrian conflict and provide a channel for reaching to Iran. Another conflict hotbed is Iraq, where both Russia and the UAE are undertaking efforts to boost the governance capacity of the officially recognized government as they help to fight terrorism. 1 Reasons for the suggestion as the best option First, the UAE must continue to invest in Russia then allow Russia to invest in the UAE economic and social projects. The continuing bilateral relations will be strengthened where there is continued mutual interest with economic gains. Both countries are looking for outlets of their financial resources and capital. The UAE continues to expand its investment opportunities, and it should continue asking Russia to assist. It should invest in the Russian industries, and projects around the world. The recent established of the Russian Direct Investment Fund by Abu Dhabi and the plan for Russia to build an air hub in the UAE to deliver aid and knowledge to Africa is a great example of the potentials that lie ahead. 2 Not only does this position the UAE as an ally of Russia, but it also shows that the country is willing to access win-win relationships as part of its foreign policy. How can this be done and what is needed? Investing in Russia provides an alternative to Western reliance for economic growth and development. It presents an alternative financial market that helps to strengthen the economy of Russia. The current pledges and actual investments are about 6 billion dollars and an increase of the funds to about 10 billion dollars should help cement the trade and investment relationship and intentions of the UAE. 3 In addition to general infrastructure investments, the two countries should cooperate on energy-related investments because of their capacities as suppliers and consumers of nuclear technology and natural gas. Besides, a bilateral tax treaty also makes it easy for investors from both countries to work together in either country. Dubai offers room for growth in its real estate and tourism as well as sports industry while Russia has excellent opportunities for infrastructure development in global projects for energy, transport and tourism.
Introduction Addiction is a recurrent and ubiquitous reality in modern society and calls for precise and accurate measures to halt its progression. All addictive tendencies manifest a considerable degree of obsessive and compulsive traits. Such traits embody certain behavioral undertakings that seek to achieve inner satisfaction for an individual (Donovan, 2009). To halt the addictive and compulsive tendencies, there is a need for corrective measures that enhance the transformation of behavior. Such corrective measures seek to reverse damage on the personality of the addicted individual. Addiction and compulsive behavior affect the personality and other related faculties in the body of an individual. Addiction and compulsive behaviors dent the personality of an individual by creating feelings of worthlessness and lack of confidence (Donovan, 2009). Such feelings herald cognitive inconsistencies and other traumatic occurrences. This renders an individual helpless and ushers in an array of feelings and emotions that undermine the daily operations of an individual. Discussion Treatment and care for addicted persons require a professional and suitable approach to ensure and guarantee recovery and the ultimate reversal of harmful trends. In most cases, treatment and care actualize by incorporating the individual into a group situation (Donovan, 2009). Groups offer the requisite support that is instrumental in the restoration of hope, confidence, and motivation. Group activity fosters forgiveness, gratitude, and consistency in behavior patterns. Treatment groups offer an ideal avenue for individuals to explore behavior change in a professional and supportive environment. Experts concur that group therapy offers a dynamic and progressive arena for individuals to evaluate their existential parameters about prevailing circumstances (Donovan, 2009). Group therapy embodies certain critical components that uphold and accelerate the desire for recovery and resumption to a normal state of health and wellness. Group therapy involves open discussions that anchor on candor and desire for change and transformation. Group therapy also emphasizes the supportive contribution of the facilitator. Facilitators have a critical role in offering guidance and direction for clients within a group situation (Donovan, 2009). Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective treatment procedure for individuals in a group setting. Such therapy of
Planning is a crucial step in monitoring and evaluation of a project in order to enhance management and achievement of strategic goals. It is clearly known that failure to define set objectives can lead to failure of intelligent ideas. Having this in mind, adequate time is invested in projects to spell out objectives and clarification of the methodology to be used. The project team has to comply with the adopted methodology in all project phases. Programme managers suggest that it is important to note early signs when things are getting out of hand, gate methodology allows well thought-out review of projects at specific points during project duration (Verzuh, 2004, par.4). A research methodology defines the actions of the research, how to carry it on, how to assess the progress and components of the successes or achievements they are aiming at. There are different methodologies used in running various projects. For one to succeed she or he has to be good at practical methods and at the same time be suspicious of them. For example one must be in a position to establish theories and have doubts whether they really work. In other words there is a need to think critically. Methodologies are common and one can find out how other people solved similar problems, how they went on to manage particular difficulties in a project (Chapman, 1988, p.136). Phase gate methodology as the name suggests, one ought to construct gates at the end of main phases in the project which of course will be the entry point of the major phase. The number of gates one need to construct depends on the different phases along the way. On the other hand, the stage should be well defined to avoid overlap or confusion. In addition, the project team should have a pre-gate meeting before the exit to explain why they feel content with the previous phase warranting exit. Pre- gate meeting should be held at least 4 weeks before the actual exit time to aid the team finalize any pending issue. Normally, although not a must, post -gate meetings are organized to address any matter which came up during the gate meeting. Phase gate methodology can be implemented by adapting the sigma flow design which provides planned design and tools to implement projects in a constant and sustainable approach. The design uses a simple guide with an integral reference and devices to enhance smooth running of specific project assignme
Executive Summary This report focuses on the problem of overcrowding in tourists parks, particularly at Jurong bird Park. This being the largest bird park in the world, it draws thousands of visitors on daily basis. This often puts a strain on natural and physical resources at the park. This is a major concern especially when the need to conserve the environment runs supreme to the profitability of the park. The report looks at the various strategies put in place to counter this problem. They include the site and visitor management as well as the direct and indirect strategies. In addressing this problem, the park management has to consider the carrying capacity of the park and substitutability. Substitutability refers to whether the experiences at the park are transferrable. This is important in tackling overcrowding at the park. Appropriate measures have to be put into place in order to ensure that the park’s carrying capacity is not exceeded. Such measures include putting limits on the number of visitors in the park, limiting use of resources, slapping entry fees into the park, and development of alternative locations where tourists can have the same experiences. However, these measures may be hampered by the fact that most tourists develop emotional attachment to certain sites and therefore, it may not be easy to convince them to visit alternative areas. Introduction Overcrowding is a common challenge in many recreation centres. This is because it reflects on the recreation carrying capacity of an institution and thereby, may occasion a negative impact. The purpose of this report is to assess the problem of overcrowding and then provide remedial measures to mitigate it. The study is based on Jurong Bird Park, one of the most frequented tourist centres in Singapore. This study will offer some recommendations that highlight various strategies, which can be put in place to establish a long term panacea to the quagmire, i.e., overcrowding. Put into the spotlight will be the direct and indirect strategies, site management techniques, visitor management and quality control in the face of overcrowding. Jurong Bird Park Jurong Bird Park is one of the largest tourist attraction sites in the world. It is located in Jurong District, Singapore and managed by Wildlife Reserve Singapore (www.birdpark.com.sg). It occupies an expansive 202,000 square meters (www.birdpark.com.sg). It is known for its spectacular varieties of birds and it is home to about 600 avian species (www.birdpark.com.sg). Most notably, it boasts of the amazing breed of birds popularly known as the mimicking cockatoos, which showcase their antics to crowds of enthralled tourists. Jurong Bird Park showcases the so-called Bird n Buddy Show which features the thrilling performances by birds of different species (www.birdpark.com.sg). Another crowd puller is the Birds of Prey Show in which visitors are treated to various breeds of birds of prey as they freely swoop about. There are many other attractions, which include African waterfall aviary, African wetland, flightless birds, Penguin coast, World of darknes