ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A-V Synchrony and Its Importance A-V Synchrony stands for arterial-ventricular process, a combined electrical activity of atrial and ventricular which occurs simultaneously in the heart (The Free Dictionary, 2008). Arterial electrophysiology is very important for the old adult as it helps to maintain the blood circulatory function properly. Atrial fibrillation is known as the specific kind of heartbeat (arrhythmia), processed by tremendously fast irregular rhythmical movements of the arterial-ventricular muscular system. Healthy heartbeats occur 60-90 times a minute and the rate of beating is determined by electrical impulses, caused by the sinoatrial node in the specific period (Health Encyclopedia – Diseases and Conditions, 2008). When this orderly sequence of events is interrupted, consequently the heart begins to fibrillate or beats irregularly or so fast, having a contracting rate of atria almost 500 times a minute and ventricles almost 180 times per minute. Elderly people with atrial fibrillation are five times more vulnerable to have a heart attack due to the inefficiency of the heart. The asymmetrical beating of atria and ventricles causes the pooling, thickening, and stagnation of blood and ultimately death happens in people as thickening or coagulation causes blood clots that pass through the heart to the brain, bringing about embolic stroke (Health Encyclopedia – Diseases and Conditions, 2008). That’s why A-V Synchrony is very important in old adults, helping them to maintain the rhythmical movements of atrial and ventricle muscles if there is failure or interruption occurs, the dangerous diseases like heart attack, embolic strokes, or high blood pressure are developed most commonly and the old adults are at high risks. Likely Occurences Over the Time Older persons may resist cardiopulmonary impairments i.e. coronary diseases, chronic lung diseases, high blood pressure, cardio-myopathy if they develop their habit of regular exercise. Aerobic exercise is effective to improve the strength and physical functions of older persons when they have to face a heavy workload (Alberto et al, 2006). The increased blood volume causes the swelling of the heart as all chambers of the heart are enlarged when pumping occurs against less compliant arteries. The pulmonary arterioles are not affected by local hypoxia but blood capillary hypoxia may cause of ultimate contraction of pulmonary arterioles, increasing the blood pressure in pulmonary arteries and right ventricle. The blood volume is increased due to pulmonary arteries and blood capillaries, causing pulmonary hypertension, lung pathology, and high blood viscosity. There is a need for regular exercise for the patients and they should be educated by the physical practitioners on how to take exercise in suitable modes. The old adults may improve their cardiovascular strength by proper exercising, recommended by expert physicians. Exercise also increases compliance of the arteries (Tanaka et al 2000) and decreases the proces
Every organization faces problems sooner or later; thus, valuable experience can be gained. By choosing between the available options, the members of an organization learn to make decisions, analyze their mistakes and learn valuable lessons. Applying the COSO and COBIT frameworks to specific cases, one can understand the problems within the companies and draw important conclusions concerning the specifics of the companies’ assets.                                    COBIT area  COSO Components     Groupon Company                                Control Environment  Risk Assessment  Control Activities  Information and Communication  Monitoring Developing and maintaining policy                                   ●                ●                                                 Managing changes                                                    ●                                    ●                              The Groupon Company had an issue of severe money loss due to the miscalculation and putting their trust in the wrong companion (Johnson, McMillan, and Womack). This issue was related to a COBIT area called Acquire and Implement (Program Development and Program Change); as well as the COSO component of Developing and maintaining policy and procedures and Managing changes because the leaders of Groupon have put their trust in the wrong service. The Groupon Company also had another issue of planning the company strategy, since the company did not have any backup plans, relating to the COBIT area of Planning and Organizing ad COSO component of Managing changes because starting the implementation of a new plan requires a thorough analysis of the possible threats.                                                   COBIT area  COSO Components     Kerviel Company                                               Control Environment  Risk Assessment  Control Activities  Information and Communication  Monitoring IT strategic planning                             ●           ●                                                                                       Communications of management plans and direction                                   ●                ●                                                  In its turn, the Kerviel Company faced a similar problem concerning the failure to get high income; in this case, the low revenues were the result of the company’s shady deals, which should be related to the COBIT area of Controlling Environment and Risk Assessment, and the COSO component of IT strategic planning, because the company aimed only at getting high revenues quickly without caring about the legality or, for that matters, the morality of their business (Smith). To make matters even worse, the Kerviel Company had to deal with the problem of knowledge sharing. The above-mentioned problem could be associated with the COCO area of Control Activities and Information and Communication and the COBIT component known as Communications of management plans and direction since the company focused on a one-time gain. Both of the specified problems are quite solvable, though rather complex. It seems th
Core Capabilities of the Response Mission Area When a disaster happens, the time to react is usually limited, and the preparedness level is critical for the success of the response mission. There are several critical components of preparedness that include planning and guidelines, staffing, and infrastructure. According to Kunz et al. (2014), such activities as supply pre-positioning can be challenging to predict. Thus the focus should be on the development of core capabilities that ensure flexibility. The Overview of the national planning Framework (2014) emphasizes flexibility as the most significant aspect of preparedness. Among the capabilities listed in the National Response Framework (2019), those that engage with all community lifelines are of utmost importance. Although none of them can be excluded, the priority list would look as follows:  1. Operational Coordination. This capability is essential for the success of incident management as it entails the coordination of multiple stakeholders. According to NRF (2019), the incident command should focus on the “cooperation of multiple jurisdictions, levels of government, functional agencies, NGOs and emergency responder disciplines, and the private sector” (p. 15). The knowledge of the area, inter-agency communication, and the ability to engage all the local jurisdictions are crucial for time-efficiency and success of the response.  2. Planning. Once the disaster happens, there is no time to seek the information, develop strategies, or delegate staff. The quick reaction to the incident, therefore, depends on pre-planning capability. Although it is impossible to prepare for all types of disasters, operational planning should provide generalized instructions based on the understanding of the area and risk assessment. The plans should comprise all the knowledge about the population at risk, geographical specificity, and resource availability.  3. Situational Assessment. This capability is the most critical in terms of time efficiency as it includes a quick understanding of the nature of the incident, its casualties, and threats. Once an IC arrives at the scene, he/she has to understand whether the danger to the population remains, what casualties are there. A quick understanding of what has happened and what has been done already is essential in decision-making. Other capabilities are also crucial and will follow according to the priority:  4. Environmental Response/Health and Safety  5. Operational Communications  6. Mass Search and Rescue Operations  7. Mass Care Services  8. Public Health and Medical Services  9. Critical Transportation 10. Public Information and Warning 11. On-Scene Security and Protection 12. Public and Private Services and Resources 13. Fatality Management Services 14. Infrastructure Systems An All-Hazards Response in the Five Preparedness Mission Areas It is impossible and ineffective to try to prepare for all possible types of disasters. Therefore, the mentioned above skills are essential in ensuring flexibility of all-hazards response preparedness. Gregory (2015) emphasizes the need for “a single, clear all-hazards plan in place that everyone is awa
The stories the Storm and the story of an hour are two allegorical fictional writings that reflect on major issue that affects relationships in the current society. Written by Kate Chopin, she humorously and romantically highlights the impact of infidelity in a lighter tone. The author focus on the on the way couples struggle to keep their emotions secret because of marriages. Authentically, the two stories intertwine with various relationship factors in the modern society. Contemporarily, most families are unstable mainly because of unfaithfulness. The media is one of the channels, which has recently concentrated on the issue of divorce in the contemporary society. In comparison with Kate Chopin stories, the aspect of divorce /separation is not evident therefore, what is the secret in Chopin’s story that most couples in the current society shun? Nearly all constitutions dissolve marriages when infidelity is evident. Personally, I have attended a divorce case in a local court, which involved a tycoon. During the proceedings, one of the elements that lacked in the estranged couples was respect. Respect of each other is the major step, which can save a marriage. In her stories, Kate Chopin indirectly tackles the issue of respect between a husband and a wife. For instance, although Calixta rekindles her love affair, she not only prepares supper for her family but also welcome her husband with open arms and happiness. When her husband returns after the storm, she says “Oh, Bobinôt! You back! My! But I was uneasy” (Chopin, section III par. 5). Contemporarily, most women who are having affairs embark on hating their husbands an action that leads to conflicts. Some even hurl insults to their partners. Despite of having an affair, Calixta carry’s out her role as a wife and a mother. She not only prepares food for the family but also expresses her love to both her husband and son. Similarly, Alcee decides to write to his wife a love letter assuring of her freedom to stay away from home. Clarisse does not find fault in her husband’s letter. However, any woman in the contemporary society whose husband gives away such freedom will accuse him of having an affair. Therefore, according to Kate Chopin freedom is one of the issues that may keep a marriage relationship to grow stronger. During the divorce case, one of the issues that became evident was that most spouses did not trust each other. Furthermore, spouses spy on each other, an issue that greatly contributes to divorce. Although Alcee and Clarisse are miles apart, none of them cites a problem in their brief separation. Therefore, respect and trust are major elements that keep marriages alive. On the other hand, during the court proceedings the woman did not only hold a contemptuous attitude towards the husband but also revealed some secret family affairs to the public. In the story of an hour, although Louise Mallard hates the oppression nature of her husband she openly mourns his death as though it was a blow on her life. Intuitively, Louise is happy because silently “She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that li
Introduction The religious doctrine of the traditional Japanese people is an interesting concept in the Asian studies. Although still unrecognized among the modern religions, the conventional Japanese people had an indigenous faith known as the Shinto religion. The Shinto religion had its sacred gods known as the Kami (Ono 35). Despite being an ancient religion with a limited international influence, the Kami faith has been progressive over the decades, and has continued to have an influence on the cultural aspects of the Japanese communities (Ono 13). In this regard, this essay is a comprehensive reflection of the Shinto religion. Overview: Shinto, Kami gods, and the Japanese State The word Shinto first appeared in the literature records during the nineteenth century through an extant Japanese publication known as the Nihon Shoki . Compared to the ancient Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism ideologies, the Shinto religion was an exceptional doctrine with unique cultural norms in its thinking and believing (Ono and Woodard 3). The Shinto religion possessed two exceptional ideographs, which made it unique in its ancient religious beliefs and practices. The first ideograph was the Shin, which suggested the ancient term Kami (the Shinto god). The second ideograph was the concept of ‘ to or do,’ which meant Way . Collectively, Shinto meant, ‘ the Kami Way,’ based on the Shinto religious doctrine. Kami gods were the native deities of the Shinto religion. The Kami in the ancient Japanese civilization were the sacred spirits that comprised of the mystical rules of the natural world. Ono and Woodard st
The Carlson Company is one of the most successful international corporations providing services related to traveling and hotel accommodation. The latter has a long history, including many highs and lows, as it was established prior to the beginning of the Second World War. Also, the discussed corporation has been engaged in a variety of activities such as the development and implementation of different loyalty programs aimed at motivating customers to consume the particular products and give pride of place to the particular services. To achieve the discussed goal, the specialists from the company introduced a range of schemes allowing to reward customers for their appreciation; the methods applied to increase the popularity of services and products, including the use of special stamps that could be exchanged for prizes or discounts. Despite the initial success that the company achieved with the help of the discussed innovation, the popularity of the stamps provided by Carlson decreased in the second half of the twentieth century. Nowadays, this international corporation owns a great number of hotels and restaurants, and it is difficult to overestimate Carlson’s success in the given field. Another important detail that defines the Carlson Company is that the business is run by the members of a particular family. Considering the type of business, it is obvious that the post of Chief Executive Officer should be taken up by representatives of different generations of the family. Despite that, the board of the company had to face a difficult situation described in the case that occurred due to the unwillingness of Marilyn Carlson Nelson to entrust the role of CEO to her son. Nevertheless, the board has managed to find an alternative, and, therefore, the corporation can also be defined as the business run by qualified specialists focused on the best final results. As is clear from the case, the latter may involve significant risks, but those people related to the decision have managed to demonstrate their professionalism. Although the Carlson Company is a business that brings a substantial profit to engagement parties and it is able to measure swords with any other company in the field, it is necessary to state that it also has internal challenges which contributed to the difficult situation that could decrease the performance of the corporation ten years ago. It is common knowledge that doing business with relatives is a difficult task as work-related conflicts between family members involve worse consequences; apart from that, family ties often act as the factor encouraging authoritative people to be less objective while making important decisions. In connection with the case of the Carlson Company, it needs to be said that one of its CEOs, Marilyn Carlson Nelson was able to stay objective and acknowledge that her son did not meet the requirements related to the post. In fact, every person possesses his or her own features that cannot be changed, and this is why it is a great risk to entrust com
Marketing is very important in any kind of business including healthcare provision. Many factors influence customers when deciding on which product to buy or what service to use. Healthcare marketing is very delicate especially where socio cultural factors beliefs and virtues of a society influence the customers. However, there are other marketing elements that determine the customers’ decisions. Any business should consider the description of the targeted market in terms of their income acquisitions, the kind of job they are specialized in, average age as well as their gender. For example, a gynecologist should locate his clinic in an area close to women hostels. Similarly, an area constituting low income earners should have a local clinic but not a sophisticated one with technological machines. Effective marketing also involve considering available competitors. This would include determining the demand of services and the competitors within the area. Abilities and disabilities of the competitors may also be helpful in determining what they cannot offer. This way, a business will be in a better position to provide unique services or products that its competitors do not have. For instance, one healthcare clinic may lack x-ray services. Provision of this service by the competitor clinic would be an effective strategy to for marketing. Location description is also a major strategy in marketing especially in a very competitive business and a high demand on goods or services. Bringing services or products to a place within the consumers reach always attracts many of them since they do not need to move long distances to get the same. Disadvantages associated with a certain location should as well be considered. For example, locating a business close to an area which is less populated or its population consists of low income earners will not promote market. Another very important factor to consider when marketing is the pricing of a product or service. Prices by competitors should be considered where in most cases businesses place a price that is lower than that of their competitors. However, production costs on raw materials and labor, to mention but a few, should be evaluated as well to limits that allow for profits (Bellis 1). In any kind of a business organization, it is very important to have good and healthy relationships with all stakeholders from the employers to employees to customers and all other parties involved in the business in one way or another. Many companies are now focusing on relationship marketing as customers are always switching from one organization to another seeking better service provision through attitude of the providers. As much as business organizations work hard to gain customers trust, so should they in retaining them. Organizations should therefore plan on relationship marketing strategies through a number of ways. For example, establishment of a customer care ser
Discuss how study habits have changed and are still changing because of the use of mobile devices The use of mobile technology has been of great impact to various aspects and standards of living. These impacts have been in education through the theory of m learning which means study through the mobile phone. Our focus under this topic is to discuss these impacts on education and the first impact is the increased access to the learning institutions. The use of the mobile phones, which are easily accessible by most of people, gives people access to institutions of learning without physically attending the institutions. This is especially for the people who are physically disabled, thus making their access to education easier and less costly compared to the cost that would have otherwise been incurred through arrangements of special means of transport. These people are able to access their studies as scheduled through their phones. Most interesting m learning is portable, which means that classes can be accessed at any point and any time. People can travel, do other works at the same time they are attending their classes (Fong, Reggie & Wangs, 2008). M learning also increases access to those situations where costs for fees are a burrier to many people. Recently and with the current economy, most people are unable to raise the school fees. M learning has therefore been an alternative especially for the areas where environmental and infrastructure challenges hinder other learning modalities, particularly e learning. At the same time, for individual learners mobile technology is less expensive than other technologies such as personal computers and broadband connections that are necessary for e learning. M learning thus acts as important avenue by which to reduce the gap between the haves and have-nots in contemporary society, where access to knowledge and information is increasingly important. M learning facilitates changes in the character of learning modalities that in turn affect educational outcomes. It represents more than a mere extension of traditional forms of education; it facilitates alternative learning processes and instructional methods that the theories of new learning identify as effective for learning. Mobile technology also facilitates design for personalized learning in that they are responsive to difference and diversity in the way learning occurs. For instance, during fieldwork or attachments students can interact with their lecturers and tutors and they can therefore be in a position to ask and respond to queries. In addition, it facilitat