ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Electronics, a software engineering company that had been enjoying the prospects of immense capital funding as well as bragging of having big named customers has been dealt a big blow by the emergence of the dot-com generation firms. In this regard, the company undertook several measures in a bid to regain its lost customer base and ensure a reduction in the operation costs. As such, the company undertakes various measures to cuts costs including dismissals to curtail the number of its personnel (Fryer et al, 2004). Also, the firm’s executive board dismissed the organization’s founder and took into service George who was an experienced and veteran manager. George had remarkable engineering qualifications as well as noteworthy familiarity in the sector enterprise-scale systems and operations. In this regard, George is appointed to help the company bounce back its proceeds thereby attracting the investors that were being magnetized by the other firms (Fryer et al, 2004). Generally, the Retronics firm is unable to achieve its objectives and targets. In this regard, the company lost its visibility, vision as well as trade. Noteworthy, the chief executive officer, George is in charge of the operations of the firm and thus would be liable for the achievements and the failures of the organization (Fryer et al, 2004). The inability to meet such objectives would lead him to lose the job. Therefore, George must work extra hard together with the company’s employees to achieve the organization’s goals and expectations. As the CEO of Retronics company, George has to impose his style of leadership that would be best suitable to manage the employees of the organization about the development of new products, setting goals for the sales team as well as promoting ass
Obesity in children is a major public health concern despite continued silence of teachers and parents. It is a well known fact that obesity is responsible for numerous deaths among adults and many other health problems. In public discussion forums and elsewhere childhood obesity goes unnoticed very often. In children, obesity can lead to health complications such as diabetes, heart diseases, mental disorders, orthopedic complications, low self esteem, poor school grades to name but a few. Adverse short and long term health and psychosocial problems are frequently experienced by obese children. These children are more likely to suffer from various weight related illnesses, early death, isolation, and poor income in their adult lives. A large number of children who become obese in their adult life may become a burden to taxpayers because of increased government expenditure on healthcare services. This is a clear indication that control of obesity in children should be emphasized on more than in adults, since it is a predictor of the adulthood obesity. Control of diabetes in children can be a complicated issue. In the short term, savings could be made through prevention of obesity and health promotion efforts. It is well known that by promoting healthier lifestyles among children, their health could be improved and lead to a more prolonged life. The costs spent to treat medical complications will go down since children will be healthier; however, this is only in the short term. It is a proven fact that such children though living longer, can develop diseases such as dementia and others in the long term at some points in their later lives as a result of costly and frequently used care. Thus, though their lives are prolonged, other costs which are often higher are incurred in the treatment of the resultant diseases. Childhood obesity can be caused by several factors. The child’s family background determines the kind of eating habits for that child, thus, unhealthy eating habits of a family can result into a child’s obesity. Education level, family structure and social economic status are another risk factor. In opulent countries like the United States, obesity frequently occurs among people from lower socio-economic status. On the other hand, in developing countries, obesity occurs often in affluent families. In families with high socioeconomic status, children tend to make healthier food choices. A child can also become obese if both or even one of the parents suffers from obesity due to genetic factors. Such parents not only determine the weight of their children through their genetic make up, but also through their behaviors’ that also contribute to their condition. Parents’ att
Introduction During 1990s, Woman Movement was made up of different movements whose support overlapped, each of which had a different ideological background. There was an active group of women who called themselves radical feminists and ‘riot grrrl’. These women become aware of their status as women and arer concerned with personal and artistic freedom, keeping their own identities and careers after marriage, using their possibilities to better the world in amorphous ways (such as “ending war”), and often proselytizing for personal identity. Main body ‘Riot grrrl’ movement can be seen as the third wave feminism as it reflects unique perception of women of their roles and position in society. The women have become aware of their legal rights and disabilities as a consequence of the inclusion of educated women in movements to repair the legal disabilities. Here too, they began to question social and legal assumptions that they had previously taken for granted, and another cycle of feminism was born. The impetus for change and the model of how that change should take place has been the movement to ensure unique personal identify. Today, when we think of women’s rights, one of the first things that may come to mind is affirmative action—that is, a requirement, usually a government requirement, that action be taken in favor of the members of some group which is seen to be disadvantaged (Hermes 101). The hidden agenda in all affirmative action plans is the mistaken notion that, if there were no discrimination, all groups would be randomly distrib
Henry Clay’s American system is a three-part policy that mutually reinforces itself and is tasked with improving America’s economy. The economic sectors to be strengthened included the transport sector, federal revenue collection through taxes, and supporting the American national bank (“A century of lawmaking for a new nation: U.S. congressional documents and debates, 1774 – 1875,” n.d.). The taxation method imposed tariffs on foreign products to protect the local industries by creating less competition. All these parts of the planned system required funds to be obtained from increased taxation due to the new economic policies. Clay stated that although it was erroneous, new and improved transport cannot be achieved without funds; this applied to introducing the federal bank and tariff implementation. The American System was thus perceived as the savior of the American economy in the 19 th century and the route via which America would achieve greatness and dominance. When the Kentucky statesman brought the idea of the American System, North and South America were not in harmony; to make America great, the Northern and the Southern states had to be united. The American system would thus help the U.S. attain self-sufficiency in their economic sector in addition to supporting their internal market growth (Minghi, 2017). Most of the Clay system supporters saw it as a way of eliminating boundaries between the South and North America since policies differentiated them; this would help make America united and more robust. America had industries that were not performing well owing to the excellent relationship that the South had with foreign countries. The tariffs would thus reduce the completion posed by foreign goods and foster local industries. Henry Clay stated that his vision would deviate from public prosperity to public debt to help build the infrastructure required to create a perfect transport system for accessibility. One of the forefront pillars of the American system encompassed in infrastructural development was mechanization and communication, which Henry Clay envisioned would be the best way to make America great again. Mechanization via the American system was meant to act as leeway for growth and expansion of the American economy; development via this method allowed America to explore its domestic resources and capitalize on the home market and labor that its people could provide. For example, the southern states planted cotton, which was primarily sold to foreign countries o
Introduction The modern branch of chemistry has long ago separated itself from the classical version of wet synthesis in the laboratory using a large number of appropriate glassware and, on the contrary, has become more deeply integrated into other sciences, discovering surprising results at the interface of the knowledge of different disciplines. Thus, twenty-first-century chemistry uses theoretical models and concepts from physics, biology, and medicine, to solve a number of practical problems, especially those related to the field of health care. It is difficult to imagine today’s highly developed clinic without instrumental devices that allow the medical professional to probe more deeply into the nature and pathogenesis of developing diseases even before the first symptomatic manifestations appear. In other words, only on the basis of close integration between chemical, physical and medical knowledge does next-generation medicine become possible, aimed not at fighting the disease, but at prevention and screening. Of particular importance in the context of the problem under consideration is the use of such methods of chemical analysis that allow quantitative measurements of biological samples in vivo . In particular, it is about the practical application of the theoretical foundations of liquid chromatography using mass spectroscopy for sequential laboratory studies through the physical separation of liquid solutions with quantitative and then qualitative identification of the constituent molecules of substances. It is logical to assume that extrapolating such technical capabilities to studies of human health is an effective strategy for studying physiological processes occurring within the body and undetectable to the naked eye of a medical professional. This is especially relevant in the case of newborn patients whose organism is still forming and, therefore, any pathophysiological mechanisms can be registered in advance. Metabolic abnormalities in newborns triggered by mutations are an important issue for widespread discussion in the medical community. There is no doubt that any parent is interested in the naturally occurring functional development of their child, hence, screening programs are becoming more common. Using a tandem liquid chromatography unit modified with mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) instrument, medical professionals can determine the amino acid and acylcarnitine composition of an infant’s blood, even within the first 48 hours after birth. Although the results obtained are not yet an exact diagnosis, their correct interpretation, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, has the potential to det
Summary Statement: The Purpose and the Intent of the Paper There is no secret that the relationships between Korea and Japan have been quite strained for several decades. Mostly because of the era of colonialism which Korea had to suffer through as it was in the shadow of Japan, with Japanese culture dominating the country and filling every single element of Koreans’ lives, there has been certain discontent between the two countries and a conflict between the two cultures. Inescapable and pervasive, the dominating ideas wormed their way into the Korean philosophy, lifestyle and culture, shaping all these elements and making them merge with the Japanese traditional values. Learning more about the way in which the Japanese culture influenced the Korean one, along with the typical Korean lifestyle, vision of the world and the Japanese approach to solving social issues, one can possibly see how far the Japanese culture has influenced the Korean one and what results it has had on the development of the country. Analytical Summaries of the References: In a Few Words Since in the given paper, the complexity of the relationships between Korea and Japan is going to be reflected and discussed, the articles chosen for the research concern mostly the relations between the countries and the impact that Japan has had on Korea during the occupation regime. While Whittier (2012) offers a general information on the Korean culture for the readers to get the idea of the Korean lifestyle and traditions, the rest of the articles focus on the way the two countries interact and how these relationships have changed over decades. For instance, Faker (2010) and Ryang (2002) consider the effects that the Japanese culture has had on the Korean one, while Schmidt and Lim deal with the ways in which Korea accepted colonialism and how the country developed the ideas which Koreans received from the Japanese culture. The specifics of the Korean culture: non-European lifestyle Whittier, J. (2012). Choosing to collaborate: Yi Kwang-su and the moral subject in colonial Korea. The Journal of Asian Studies, 71 (1), 81-102. Web. The given article considers some of the most complicated issues of the relationships between Korea and Japan. Being constantly influenced by the Japanese ideas, the Japanese style of life and the Japanese traditions, the Korean people could have finally lost their national identity, which miraculously did not happen. However, at present Korea is attempting to establish new relationships with Japan, which raises the question whether it will be ethical for the Korean government to resort to cooperating with Japan. While the relationships can prove useful, there is no doubt that the Korean culture is going to be put under a blast. Japan apologizes: Bridging the two cultures together even more tightly Faker, M. (2010). Japan apologizes to South Korea for suffering of colonial era. New York Times . Web. The given article contributes
The article “Justice Department Ends Era of Pushing Police Reform” by J. Brian Charles aims to discuss the recent changes to the Department of Justice’s approach to the law enforcement. On 15th September 2017, the Department of Justice announced that a decision had been made to reduce the efforts linked to the Collaborative Reform Initiative, started back in 2011 (Charles). The initiative was originally designed to provide federal support to local police departments in building community relations. The article was published in Governing and thus targets people who are interested in politics and public safety matters. The piece focuses on the announcement made by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) on the 15th September, which introduced significant cuts to the Collaborative Reform Initiative (Charles). The author explains that the initiative was first undertaken by Obama in an effort to help police departments to build strong community relations: “Launched in 2011, the Collaborative Reform Initiative has been a voluntary program in which local departments could seek assistance from federal officials to help build community relations” (Charles). The program allowed police chefs to request federal officials to investigate the agency and suggest possible ways of improving relationships with local people. However, the recent changes to the DOJ’s approach to law enforcement, which is now in line with the President’s views on community policing, caused the department to review the initiative. There are two key lessons to be learned from the event. First of all, public safety is highly influenced by politics, including the decisions made by the Congress and the President. Throughout his run for the presidency, Donald Trump has been calling for the law enforcement to adopt a harsher approach to policing. Similar views are also endorsed by many Republican politicians. Therefore, the decision made by the DOJ to cut the Collaborative Reform Initiative, instead focusing on training departments in “gang suppression, disruption of drug markets and policing mass demonstrations” (Charles), is clearly influenced by politics. Secondly, The case also shows the possible motives for and impacts of such decision. For example, one of the fundamental motives for reducing the initiative was that it promoted adversarial relationships between federal and local agencies. Some of the key impacts of such a decision, according to experts, would be impaired policing and community relations (Charles). A feasible alternative to the DOJ’s decision would be to incorporate guidance on building community relations into additional training on gang suppression and other public safety issues included under the new policy. The DOJ’s decision and the response to it shows the relationship between public safety organizations and politics. Furthermore, it also shows the diversity of opin
Introduction Marmot and Wilkinson (2003) argue that, “good health involves reducing levels of education failure, reducing insecurity and unemployment and improving housing standards.” This statement sounds very distant in relation to health. Superficially, good health could be perceived to include a healthy diet and improved medication. Marmot and Wilkinson’s proposition suggests a new perspective that had not been considered before. However, studies have been carried out to identify the authenticity of this suppositions and one common result has been found. Socio-political, economic and physical environments greatly affect the well being of an individual’s health. Similarly, the oral health of an individual is equally determined by these factors. For instance, Sabah and colleagues (2007) argue that social conditions of an individual directly relate to the status of his oral health. Good social conditions result into his good oral health and that of the society as a whole. Accordingly, this paper will identify how these health determinants affect oral health and hence cause inequalities in health status. Then, the paper will examine the strategies being developed to avoid the imbalance. Importance of Dental Health Before understanding the disparities in dental health and the factors leading to this, it is good that the importance of oral health is pointed out. To begin with, the World Health Organization (Petersen 2003) shows that the general health of any individual is to a great extend determined by his oral health. It posits that oral health directly affects the craniofacial complex which is responsible for conditions like oro-facial pain, lesions in the oral tissue; defects during child birth i.e. cleft lips, oral and pharyngeal cancer, et cetera. With an excellent oral health, the risk of being affected by these diseases is reduced greatly. Furthermore, research has proven that oral health is directly related to diabetes. To be precise, periodontal disease was found to be directly related to diabetes. The organization further points out that oral health is a great determinant of an individual’s quality of life. This is determined by the close relationship between oral health and the craniofacial complex. Oral health allows an individual to have a healthy craniofacial complex which plays a role of allowing one to smile, speak, swallow, cry, taste, smell and many other day to day challenges. With impaired craniofacial complex, all these will be a struggle. An individual’s quality of life will be improved greatly (Petersen 2003). In addition to the improvement of the quality of life, oral health has been identified as a factor that reduces premature mortality. This happens through the ability of detecting a disease in its early stages through dental examination (WHO 2007). Consequently, early detection increases the c
Introduction In January 2002, President Bush administration put into law the NCLB (No Child Left behind) act. Seemingly, the act was meant to improve the standards of education for all American children. However, the act has faced a lot of criticism due to its inability to deliver the needed results and most importantly, due to issues of ethical concern. This paper investigates and tries to answer two main questions. Is NCLB act ethical? Of what value is it to Atlanta Public School? Ethical Issues First, the act uses a yearly-standardized test for all students notwithstanding that different children have different educational capacity. This makes the learning structure look more of a competition and survival for the fittest rather than a place to nurture and develop abilities. Ethically speaking, the education system should aim at providing opportunities for children to discover and develop their intrinsic gifts. It should not be a field of competition. Secondly, the act creates a field of academic discrimination. According to the act, children who fail to meet the standards have to work extremely hard and even transfer to performing schools. This creates two groups of children in the society failures and academic giants. This is not ethical since education is certainly a multivariate discipline and several factors may contribute to a child’s failure. Thirdly, the system heavily punishes school administration as well as teachers in terms of sanctions, funding and performance evaluation without considering the multifaceted nature of education. Sanctioning of non-performing schools makes everything worse since it destroys the school reputation and jeopardies its ability to regain academic status (Robicheau, 2006). It does not come by surprise that schools such as Atlanta Public School has to cheat on the standardized test in order to keep the school running. Finally, the act fails to meet ethical standards by setting a standardized test for students of different capacities, abilities, and background. Is it not a test for the academically bright? What about the students talented in other fields such as sports, why not have standards for sports and other facets of life? It is an issue of ethical concern when the society brands failures and winner based on one academic standard (Robicheau, 2006). Atlanta Public School came in to the public limelight when it was alleged that the school was cheating on the standardized test (Toppo, 2011). Cheating is not ethical at all but it certainly reflects an ethical vicious cycle. The NCLB act fails to meet ethical standards by setting unrealistic goals to students and the schools. In return, the schools cheat in order to survive (Toppo, 2011). From the cheating scenario at Atlanta Public School, it is evident that the NCLB act is of no value to the school. The school is trying to do what needs to be done for survival. Perhaps, the act needs to be revised to make it more realistic for schools such as Atlanta Public School. Conclusion NCLB act has failed to meet ethical standards by not addressing all variables of academic system. It is not sensitive to i