ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Right from its conception in the 1980s, Outsourcing has been a debatable issue and it can be viewed as a double-edged sword. It may be defined as a subcontracting process that hires a third-party company to perform some specific operations of the business. It has been done with the intention of better utilization of time and energy expenses, focusing or conserving energy aimed at the core abilities of a particular business. Outsourcing gains its popularity from the immense advantages it has to offer. Any business requires numerous functions to be executed simultaneously to run successfully. However, it might not be possible for a firm to acquire the skill-set required to be good at all of them. Thus outsourcing comes up as a solution to this problem as firms choose to outsource a few operations and focus on their core competencies. This proves beneficial to the business in many ways. The process, which is outsourced, is often assigned to companies, which specialize in that particular field. (Kar, 2006). Thus, that company is likely to have access to advanced technologies in that sphere, as it would be part of their core business. Thus it cuts the costs of the firm as it doesn’t have to acquire those expensive technologies and train its employees on the use of those technologies which further increases the costs. Another very popular reason for offshore outsourcing is cheap labor. Workers in developing countries are remunerated with a much lesser amount than in developed countries owing to the low cost of living index. This allows the business to implement further cost-cutting measures. It also helps increase the productivity of a company. Employers find it difficult to get their talented resources to work in less desirable shifts such as night shifts and late evening shifts in order to fulfill the aim of providing a 24-hour service. But with the business spread over the globe, the talent pool can work in the most desired shifts and the firm also achieves its aim. (King, 2006). Although outsourcing offers such a wide variety of advantages it also has some negative facets attached to it. The primary concern of outsourcing is that the employees feel threatened. Present employees face stiff competition from their offshore counterparts as they are cheaper and thus more beneficial for the firm. Thus the morale of the employees goes down and fears of losing their jobs increase which results in a decreased yield of the business. The loss of control over the business also plays a major role. Once a process has been outsourced it is the sole responsibility of the third-party company. Thus it becomes their prerogative to take major decisions relating to that process. Thus, there is nothing the man
In every profession, there is a code of ethics for workers to follow. Social workers have their code of professional conduct and standards that define how they behave. However, in our daily practice as social workers, we face a lot of issues, and some are confusing. Such issues known as ethical dilemmas, offer us more than one option to choose from, and for most of us, the moment is trying. An ethical dilemma is a state of mental conflict through which choosing one moral imperative will result in going against another. In my practice as a female social worker, I hold a position of a mental health therapist where I do group therapy for patients between the ages of eighteen and seventy. I major in teaching independent living skills, anger management, relaxation techniques and self-control. Working in a mental facility is challenging. For example, a client may want to act on their own and make decisions important in their lives. Some time ago, I was dealing with a female client who at the time was aged forty. She got admitted for rehabilitation because she was suffering from a personality disorder that is a condition that makes a person have extreme and inflexible personality traits that differ from normal cultural expectations. At some point, she approached me and explained that she stresses herself about the personality disorder. It was seasonal but she felt that it was a permanent part of her life. Thus, she said that she had decided to quit the facility and once out, she will end her life. I got worried and I had to act quickly to save her life. An ethical dilemma came up because my patient makes decisions about her life, and that included ending her relationship with our mental health facility. On the other hand, if our organization agreed to let her leave, she would end her life. However, my worry was strictly professional because in social work, enhancing lives is a key operational procedure. After getting the information, I approached my supervisor and explained the situation to him. He listened with great interest and observed that holding her in the facility for a little longer than earlier planned would help to change her mind and make her see the goodness that life has to offer. As part of my action, I accessed her files and changed the date that she was to leave
One reason why I believe the Iraq invasion was not justified is because it resulted in an escalation of violence in Iraq. Prior to the 2003 invasion in Iraq, the country had a functioning government in place and not many incidents of violence were witnessed. The war in Iraq resulted to the ousting of Saddam Husain, the then president, and caused a major destabilization in the country. While it is true that Iraq was plagued by human rights abuses under the reign of Saddam, the country was stable and somewhat affluent before the invasion. It was after these that the country has become turbulent with numerous incidents of gun battles and suicide bomb attacks. These insurrections that are rampant in Iraq are as a direct result of US occupation of Iraq. At the present, the security situation in Iraq is indeed stark and the country remains very insecure. Kahl, Katulis and Lynch reveal that sectarian violence has erupted in many parts of the country and incidents of sectarian cleansing have followed leading to many deaths (86). Despite addition US forces being deployed to the country and negotiations being held, the violence in Iraq is still prevalent. Kahl, Katulis and Lynch note that there is little hope of national reconciliation or the formation of a stable environment in Iraq in the foreseeable future (83). The second reason for my belief that the war was unjustified is because war badly affects the economy and natural resources of the countries engaged in war. Both the US and Iraq have suffered economically as a result of the War. Before the war, the infrastructure in Iraq was in good conditions and the citizens enjoyed peace and stability with the availability of basic amenities. The war was accompanied by aggressive military campaigns on strategic targets in Iraq. These targets included military facilities, government buildings and major industries. After the overthrow of Saddam, loses continue to occur as suicide bombings destroying buildings and roads (Hicks 911). Recovering from these devastating effects of war is going to be a very expensive endeavor. For the US, the war on Iraq led to large amounts of money being taken from the federal reserves to finance the war. As of 2007, the war efforts had cost the US an estimated $1 trillion with most of the money going to military activities and reconstruction efforts (Kahl, Katulis and Lynch 92). These colossal sums of money could have been better used on more development oriented activities in the country rather than war efforts that lasted for years. T
It is crucial to emphasize that psychological abuse of children is a form of violence that can greatly affect a child’s development both psychological and physiological. This type of harassment can be defined as a repetitive pattern of destructive interaction between the parent and the child. Such an attitude towards the child can be not only chronic but also caused by such factors as alcohol consumption or any form of substance abuse. The complexity of psychological violence lies in the fact that the adult’s actions can be both purposeful and unconscious (Crosson-Tower, 2013). Also, psychological violence can be either the only form of violence or the consequence of psychological or sexual abuse or neglect. The purpose of this paper is to determine the ways of detecting psychological harassment of minors. Identification of Psychological Abuse To determine psychological violence in a family, it is necessary to observe both the child and the parents. From the side of parents, the presence of violence can be evident from the parents’ hostility towards the child and verbal accusations or threats (for instance, that the child will be abandoned if he or she does not obey) (Hibbard, Barlow, & MacMillan, 2012). Inadequate evaluation of the child’s capabilities and overstated requirements can also be a form of psychological violence. The isolation of the minor from society or forbiddance to communicate with peers can be considered a violent act as well. Moreover, if parents support the child’s destructive behavior or ignore his or her attempts to interact with them, it can be a form of psychological or emotional abusing (Hibbard et al., 2012). Importantly, if a minor witnesses domestic violence against other family members, it can be stated that the child is psychologically harassed as well. Further on, to determine the presence of violence in a family, it is necessary not only to talk to a child but also to observe the minor in the natural environment. For example, if a child suffers from frequent feelings of anxiety, fearfulness, and depression, tries to escape from home, and has inadequate behavior, the specialist should pay special attention to this infant, since such behavioral patterns can be a natural reaction to psychological violence (McCoy & Keen, 2013). Also, poor intellectual progress or an unnatural delay in physical development can be the indicators of psychological abuse as a result of which the child cannot advance adequately for his or her age and characteristics. Among other thin
Introduction The turbulent market and increased competition have made market segmentation, product positioning and market targeting to be of due influence for the success of the organization. Market segmentation is a paramount approach to market strategy and provides the route into which the product is supplied to the right market. Customer diversity has made many organizations to differentiate their products to have competitive advantage through enabling and formulating the right market mix and strategies to enter the market. There are diverse approaches that a specific market can be analyzed and segmented to fulfill the vision and mission of the organization. Some of the segmenting approaches are the geo-demographic, social class, behavioral and preference to name some. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze which segmentation approach is better, is it geo-demographic or social class segmentation. Discussion Social class segmentation brings into consideration social stratification through the division of members into distinct social hierarchies. The amount of status that a member of a given class has in relation to other classes defines social class (Croft 34). Social class stratification brings into consideration six distinct classes: from upper to lower. On the other hand, geo-demographic segmentation combines geographic segmentation with socio-economic factors in locating the required market for a given product. Geo-demographic segmentation is an important approach that the organization should adopt. This type of segmentation factors the geographic location in which the market should be picked, and social and economic considerations or position of the given market (Wedel & Kamakura 20). From this perspective, the approach of social class that the co-worker prefers is put into consideration by the geo-demographic segmentation. Geo-demographic segmentation factors social class and economic class in the way that it approaches its market. Thus, it combines many factors in picking the right market that should be penetrated by the organization (Weinstein 98). Globalization is a factor that is growing at a faster rate and the main cause of competition. Social class segmentation does not put into consideration geographic regions to aid in globalization. Geo-demographic can utilize its two edged approach in developing the right market that the organization can have a competitive edge. Through its geographic segmentation, it can pick a given location and with the help of the demographic segmentation, it can easily understand the taste, preferences and standards of a given population developing the right marketing strategies to penetrate the given market (McDonald & Dunbar 90). Geo-demographic segmentation ensures that the given market is understood and requirement
Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychological disorder due to overwhelming anxiety that manifests in terms of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. An individual suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder experiences obsessive and intrusive thoughts such as anxiety, fear, uneasiness, apprehension and sexual drives that persist notwithstanding suppressive psychological effects that tend to distract the thoughts. The obsessive thoughts elicits compulsive behaviors such as routine habits of counting, sex, hand-washing, aggressiveness, watching, and many other habits as physical efforts of suppressing the intrusive thoughts. According to National Institute of Mental Health, “obsessive compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or repetitive compulsive behaviors … repetitive behaviors such as hand-washing, counting, checking, or cleaning are often performed with the hope of preventing obsessive thoughts or making them go away” (2010, p.1). Therefore, obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors are the major characteristics associated with the obsessive-compulsive disorder. In order to explore obsessive-compulsive disorder, this essay examines prevalence rates, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disorder. Prevalence Rates Epidemiological studies indicate that obsessive-compulsive disorder ranks fourth among psychiatric disorders in the United States. The epidemiological research studies by Epidemiological Catchment Area revealed that approximately 2-3% of the population suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder and this prevalence is relatively constant across all nations. Krochmalik and Menzies argue that, “the Cross-National Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Collaborative Group study assessed and compared the prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder in six countries …results revealed comparable prevalence rates of as those from the Epidemiological Catchment Area study in the United States” (2003, p.19). The findings imply that obsessive compulsive disorder has relatively constant prevalence rates across nations and cultures. Comparative gender and age studies have shown that obsessive disorder has no significant variability in the population. “Similar with most psychological disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder normally starts in adolescent and young adult life, with males often experiencing it earlier than females; however, there appears to be little gender difference in the occurrence of the disorder” (Krochmalik & Menzies, 2003, p.23). Hence, obsessive-compulsive disorder has no gender preference for it uniformly affects the population in the United States and across the world. Though prevalence rates are low, estimates show that there are more people suffering from the obsessive-compulsive disorder because the condition is hard to diagnose while at the same time people do not seek medical interventions. Symptoms Persons suffering from
As The Dictionary of Psychology (1999) interprets illusionary correlation is: 1) a sort of assumed association which is generated between two unrelated variables causing stereotypes; 2) overestimation of the relationship strength and credibility between members of a definite group. People tend to optimize their beliefs in this or that possibility which can make them happier, wealthier or just satisfied with the results. Psychologists work out this intention of a human being and relate it to the sphere of delusion. People can make themselves believe that the case when they need something or somebody extremely just at the moment, it goes always wrong and without a solution. Here the factor of social cognition is significant, because many individuals tend to correlate their beliefs with the features of mental inclinations existing within a definite community. Bogorad (2006) outlines the intentional urge of individuals to classify information arbitrary by means of illusionary correlations when there are no actual correlations. The individuals tend to accept in their lives only good things with a sort of a delightful after-effect. This intends them to put their trust in correlations that one will be adored by his boss, or will be included in the group of influential people. Such naked hopes made an effect of emotional and rational delay, when one cannot note some changes as of this or that situation which are not in his/her favor. False from the very beginning beliefs and peoples’ disapproval to think so while having some illusionary correlations projects a form of mental programming due to public opinion. Bogorad (2006) comments such effect as a misinterpretation of information “due to our improper classification and associations.” Many of human beings are helpless to explain why they appeared to be in the same time and at the same place where the misfortune happens. The reason for this is covered not in the wicked nature of a man or just the natural inclinations. Many desperate people should adhere to the theory which can adequately explain the phenomenon of such occasions due to the straightforward psychological approach. It is ‘The Twinkle Theory’, of course. The main prospect of this theory states that an individual is “anything but surplus to Nature’s requirements” (Gettman, 11, 1997). World and everything which happens in it presupposes an order and every event which happens unintentionally is prescribed due to some reasons. The implications of The Twinkle Theory for further directions are following the idea that there is nothing accidental circumstances in this world and Nature dominates over such difficult processes and tends to make people pay attention on their previous actions and then make them more acute in the future. The belief that people get only what they deserve plays here a grave role due to their urge to maintain justice and to exclude casual troubles. The fact is tha
Benefits plan is crucial for the competitiveness of any company since it enables to attract and retain the most talented and productive employees. At the moment, the benefits package of this company consists of health indemnity plan, disability insurance, and life insurance which are required by law. However, it does not meet the best standards established in various industries. This paper aims to work out a new benefit package and make several recommendations that can improve the compensational policies in this organization. The management of this enterprise should not disregard the importance of the discretionary benefits that include retirement plans, paid sick leaves and vacations, tuition reimbursement, child and elder care, as well as vocational training (Schermerhorn, 2010, p 302; Condrey & James, 2010, p 819). To some extent, these benefits allow the management to convince the personnel that the company genuinely values them. There are several legislative acts which the management should take into account, in particular, Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, Social Security Act, and Pregnancy Discrimination Act (Beatty & Samuelson, 2007). The knowledge of laws will allow the management to avert numerous legal conflicts, for example, lawsuits for illegal termination of the employment, or alleged pregnancy discrimination. The new benefit program must be tailored strictly in accordance with these laws so the company could avoid potential legal issues. The second question is how to distribute discretionary benefits which are not mandatory. The management should set some eligibility criteria for the employees. These benefits should be provided only to those people who have stayed with a company for a long time, for instance, more than two years. They can also be distributed on the basis of employee’s performance throughout the previous year. If the management adopts such an approach, they will establish a merit-based compensation system. So, the new benefit program can
Central Issue According to the information provided in the case study, the main problem that TFC faces is the rising competition. Despite the fact that TFC has managed to maintain its position as the market leader due to its initial approach, which included supplying the audience with up-to-date fashion news, features, and information via an on-going 24/7 broadcast, its profitability is now threatened by the rise of new competitors who started providing similar content (Stahl 1-2). The TFC’s vulnerability to this threat is justified by a variety of factors, including the lack of audience-specific approach and relatively low revenues from CPM and advertising. Contributing Issues Competitors TFC’s biggest competitors are CNN and Lifetime, which are both well-established channels with high ratings that have recently introduced fashion-related programs. For instance, CNN’s Fashion Today broadcast has an average rating of 4% and reaches 4.4 million households (Stahl 8). Lifetime, on the other hand, has a lower average rating of 3% with a coverage of 3.3 million households; nevertheless, its values are still higher than TFC’s, which has a 1% rating with a coverage of 1 million households (Stahl 8). There are also significant differences regarding the audience of the three channels: for instance, Lifetime has the highest population of younger viewers aged between 18 and 34 (Stahl 8). CNN, on the other hand, has a higher proportion of male viewers (Stahl 8). This is important as both young and male viewers are considered to be the premium audience and can help the channel to generate more revenues from advertising: “Advertisers would pay a premium CPM to reach certain other groups; in 2006,