ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As poets Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes differed greatly, not only temporally and geographically, but also in respect to the life situations that each poet drew from when creating their poems. Both poets harbored revolutionary thoughts and used their poems to express these thoughts to a wider audience. This essay will present general impressions toward each poet’s work, and will assert that despite their differences, Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes shared an essential common trait. Both poets spoke out against the hypocrisy and oppression that they witnessed and faced during their lifetimes, albeit in very different ways. Emily Dickinson lived a privileged life from a financial perspective. She was born into a wealthy Massachusetts family headed by prestigious lawyers and educators, and enjoyed a stellar education, much more advanced than many men had access to at that time in history, at Amherst College where her father served as treasurer (Wolff 261). Emily Dickinson spent the majority of her life in Massachusetts, in the house she was born in, and never had to work (Wolff 261). The general impressions of Emily Dickinson’s work are that it contains a reticence that hides a sharp and astute intellect and subversive soul. Although she lived the life of recluse, she missed nothing, and wrote critically about the society she lived in. Emily Dickinson’s intellectual horsepower surpassed many minds of her generation; however her solitude, reclusive bent and shy demeanor meant that few of her poems saw the light of day during her lifetime (Wolff 261). Emily Dickinson’s poetry covers the gamut of human experience – death, loss, love – and many of her poems contain a penetrating intellectual analysis and insight into the human condition. An example is Because I Could Not Stop for Death . This poem speaks to the human view of death as something to be avoided and feared, rather than a natural part of life: “Because I could not stop for Death – He kindly stopped for me – The Carriage held but just Ourselves – And Immortality” (Dickinson 1). Emily Dickinson describes the busy social obligations of life that melt in the face of our own demise and render themselves largely meaningless: “We slowly drove – He knew no haste, And I had put away, My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility” (Dickinson 1). Emily Dickinson’s keen eye saw the hypocrisy and ludicrous avoidance of death she encountered in her everyday life, and wrote about it in a quiet yet penetrating way. Another example of this exists in Emily Dickinson’s Much Madness is Divinest Sense . This poem reads as a scathing indictment of the false and arbitrary nature of the human social construct, and largely defines that which is deemed mad as having the most meaning when compared to that which is deemed socially acceptable, whether or not it makes sense. In this poem Emily Dickinson describes society in the m
Introduction Majority of the sicknesses that people suffer from result from their failure to exercise their bodies. Although they are aware of this fact as well as the role that sports play concerning the immune system of their bodies, they have neglected sports based on claims of issues of gender and racism that dominate the world of sports. Sports psychology has become increasingly interested in evaluating the differences in the sports enrollment and participation. Birrell notes, “…despite the recent increases in female sports participation, girls and boys still do not participate equally in the same sports (32). Even in their most preferred sports, boys and girls differ in enrollment in sports depending on the nature of the sports. As Lever claims, “…boys are more likely than girls to engage in sports-related activities that involve teams, complex rule systems, and high levels of interdependency” (475). Racial differences significantly account for sports involvement differences. To this respect, Jon points out that “While Asians comprise 57% of the world’s population, they “are virtually invisible in the most democratic world of sports, running, soccer, and basketball” (Para. 7). According to Jon, Africans who only represent 12 % of the population of the world dominate soccer, basketball and running. From the above scholastic arguments, it stands out that differences in sports participation and enrollment exists along racial and gender lines. However, as opposed to what many believe, these discrepancies can be reduced to tolerable levels thereby attracting more people into joining sports and consequently boosting their immune system. Gender differences in sports The results from State Association Summary of 1989 on a study of 712 high schools of the large mid western state, found out that 42, 299 boys had the probability of playing foot ball, 26, 662 likely to pay basket ball while 19, 368 boys were likely to take part in base ball game. On the other hand, according to the State Association Summary, “…girls were most likely to play basket ball (17,011), volley ball (16306), and outdoor track field (13,478)” (45). On one part this results are paramount in that they actually reflect the obvious scenarios on the ground. For instance, why do different people choose different sports activities from the numerous alternatives available on their table? Gender is one of the reasons. Different genders possesses different motivational factors which solicit their decisions making process which are expected to be reflected in the decisions made about life indulgencies not only in other activities but also in choice of sporting activities. The influence of self-concept is crucial in as much as explaining the gender instigated sports decisions making process is concerned. As Harold laments, “…self concepts of ability are critical predictors of performance and task choice” (10). Self-concept is however, a determinant criterion of sport choice con
It should be mentioned that the society can impose certain forms of identity on people. For instance, they can often be characterized in terms of their ethnicity. In particular, they can be called Korean Americans, even though they do not like to describe themselves in this way (Liu 66). Such problems can be partly explained by the fact that while describing one another people tend to focus on the distinguishing attributes such as language or race. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about those individuals who belong to minority groups. One should also keep in mind that people are more likely to define themselves according to such criteria as ethnicity or race, if they life in an isolated enclave which is populated mostly by representatives of a certain minority. Such enclaves exist in many parts of the United States as well as Europe. So, the place of residence is also important for explaining how a person’s identity can be shaped. While discussing such notions as the self and identity, one should also consider personality types identified by Carl Jung. In particular, this psychologist focuses on introversion and extroversion. Extroverts tend to be more open and communicative; to a great extent, they want to receive approval of other people (Carducci 146). As a rule, they are more willing to accept and embrace change. In contrast, introverts tend to concentrate on their own thoughts or feelings. They are predominantly concerned with their inner world (Carducci 14
Lesson Plan Schooling is becoming impossible without emergent literacy since it usually greatly influences the latter success of students in reading and writing. Emergent literacy relates to the knowledge of the alphabet, print, and oral knowledge, as well as the phonological awareness. Students that are at the stage of emergent literacy learning are taught purposes and conventions of print, the primary stages of writing and reading, including knowledge on how to communicate with effectiveness by means of spoken and written word. Thus, every skill or subskill related to emergent literacy are crucial for the future reading skills to be acquired in a much more effective manner since they are the primary skills necessary for fluent reading. Thus, emergent literacy teachers should design their lessons in accordance with the above-mentioned skills in order for the future literacy learning to be efficient (Wheater, 2011, p. 3). Objectives The designed lesson for emergent literacy learning will include two levels of objectives – the listening/speaking and the reading/writing objectives. On the level of listening and speaking, the emergent literacy learner should be able to use language to express opinions related to the discussed topic, follow the directions given by the teacher when it comes to oral assignments, as well as listen to the read text to learn new information on the topic. On the reading and writing level, the emergent literacy learner will find words given by a teacher in the text, retell main points from the read in the class text, write down or draw images related to recognizable words. Writing/Reading According to Rog (2007), emergent literacy writers are aware of the fact that the symbols on the pages do convey some messages; however, they are yet unable to grasp the connections between the sounds and the letters from the alphabet (p. 2). Thus, for students to learn how to draw connections between written word and the heard sound, they will be asked to scribble and draw down images, words, or letters that they associate with the text read by the teacher during the class. Then, students will explain why they chose the images or words for the text they heard. Emergent literacy in learners occurs when they are able to make sense of what they are reading or writing. Thus, for this objective, students will be given a written text that has already been presented to them in previous lessons. Students are to point out words and word combinations they are familiar with or that intuitively make sense. The task will help develop memory as well as the intuitive understanding of unknown words given in a familiar context. Then students will be asked to copy the words into their notebooks. The last task for reading/writing section of the class will be made from two parts: reading and retelling. Sentence by sentence students will read a familiar text the teacher has already read to them previously. After reading students will be asked to retell the points from the text they understood or remembered. Listening/Speaking The listening and speaking section of the lesson will be tightly integrated into the previously discussed writing and readin
Introduction Leadership is one of the aspects of management that affect different fields in societal life, whether in business, the political arena, or economics. Various factors influence the quality of leadership including the style of leadership that a leader chooses to apply and a leader’s personal attributes, which tend to dictate his or her behavioral patterns and the kind of choices he or she makes when prioritizing decisions. All these aspects are important, especially in the running of a nation or state, as a lot rides on the ability of the leader to make objective decisions for the overall good of a large group of people. Therefore, the people have to choose a leader that understands what the society needs and how to solve most of the problems it faces while ensuring that development remains progressive. Looking at past leaders and what they have done for the society is one of the ways that people use to identify what they consider as ideal attributes for future leaders and thus what they would look for in a person vying for a leadership position. This paper gives an example of such analysis with Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan being the ideal leader of choice. The paper focuses on a brief history of Zayed, some of his most significant achievements, attributes that made him suitable for leadership, his leadership style, and what other leaders can learn from his legacy. Brief history Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was born “in 1918 in a small town, Al Ain, at the southern coast of the Persian Gulf” (Amirsadeghi 27). Although his father, Sheikh Sultan bin Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, was the ruler of Abu Dhabi, his was a humble family. Al Ain did not have most of the social amenities present today. There were no modern schools and the town was susceptible to maladies of all sorts. The main economic activities in the region at the time were fishing and diving for pearls, both of which did not generate much income for families in the region as the people lacked adequate diving equipments for both activities. There was also some farming activities in the area, although mostly subsistence in nature. Although the lack of schools in the area resulted in Zayed not getting formal education, he underwent religious instruction in Islam and learnt about Islamic culture, both from his family and from a local preacher. His mother, Sheikha Salma binti Butti, ensured that Zayed and his brothers observed family values and made Zayed and his siblings promise not to engage in violence amongst themselves, and they kept this promise. He also lived in the desert with Bedouin tribesmen, which gave him an opportunity to connect with the people, learn about their culture, and some survival skills in the harsh climate. These aspects of his life contributed to the quality of his leadership and influenced his desire to create a better place for his people. Sheikh Zaye
Introduction In the modern world of business, digital marketing plays an increasingly important role in promoting brands and products with each passing day. This paper presents a new brand of clothing, “Post-Truth Post-Ugly”, and provides an analysis of the issues relevant for its promotion using the means of digital marketing, such as the image of the consumers, their preferences, and the presence of competitors in the digital environment. Brand Identification The brand that was developed for this module is called “Post-Truth Post-Ugly”. It is a brand of luxury apparel that will feature unique designs which should be easily recognizable due to the fact of using an avant-garde brand concept. The target audience for the brand will include young individuals (aged 18 through 30) of all genders (the clothes will often be of genderless/unisex designs), from many races and of any religious views. They will be representatives of the middle class, or they will represent the newly rich individuals or yuppies. Their education will be high school or greater. The key features of the brand that will differentiate it from the competitors will be the above-mentioned avant-garde design of the apparel. The clothes will always be made of high-quality materials and will be aimed at creating brand loyalty via incorporating the clothes into the lifestyle of the target audience. Introducing E-Marketing Definitions of Digital Marketing On the whole, marketing can be understood as “the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large” (American Marketing Association 2017, para. 2). As for digital marketing, it can be defined simply as “marketing using the Internet” (Charlesworth 2014, p. xiii). However, Chaffey and Smith (2017, p. 13) propose to understand digital marketing as “the range of digital media, technology and digital platforms used to reach and interact with consumers and businesses”. Thus, digital marketing is different from traditional marketing in that it employs digital channels to reach customers. Also, digital marketing is different from e-commerce (selling goods online) in that it is utilized to interact with clients and reach them; so, selling is an activity that is distinguished from marketing (Chaffey & Smith 2017). Benefits of Digital Media for the E-Marketing Manager On the whole, digital media have numerous benefits when compared to the media which can be used for traditional marketing. For instance, digital media allow for reaching an exceptionally large audience. They can even be utilized to reach the clients personally and to customize their experiences (for instance, via social media, or via advertising in email). Also, the use of digital media is usually much cheaper than
Introduction Internet is an empowering tool (Merle Marsh, Ed.D, 2005) of today’s modern world and with the passage of time, the numbers of internet users are continuously increasing. According to an estimate by the Internet World Stats Group, as of Mar. 10, 2007, there were total 1,114,274,426 internet users all over the world and in America, there were about 211,108,086 Internet users (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2007). These figures show the rising trend of people to move towards the internet for satisfying their different needs like business, information gathering, education and entertainment etc. This technology has built up a global communication network that has connected people belonging to different regions, cultures, age group and professions together. Along with so many advantages of the internet, there are some very serious disadvantages that are associated with the usage of the internet and it is the responsibility of the internet users to be aware of these disadvantages and take steps to overcome these (Steven J. McDonald, 2005). There are some very important responsibilities that are led on the shoulders of internet users. They have to take care of certain matters to avoid the possible dangers of the internet. The rising dangers of online activities might lead people to think of avoiding this technology but at the same time internet offers such wonderful opportunities and advantages to the people that the better decision is to use the technology along with getting well aware of the online responsibilities so that one can take the maximum benefits from internet and at the same time he can also play a significant role in creating awareness among the people about the responsibilities of internet users (Steven J. McDonald, 2005). In short, the online users must know about their responsibilities related to online Piracy, Pornography, Plagiarism and Propaganda (Merle Marsh, Ed.D, 2005) so that they can not only become responsible user of the internet but can also safeguard their rights online. Dealing with Online Misinformation The Internet has made the relevant and often irrelevant information on each and every topic a
Introduction Relationships among family members vary from one society to another, depending on cultural values and norms. Conflicts normally happen in families, and their root cause is the diversity of relationships that exist in a given family. Hence, “A Peacock Southeast Flew” is a poem that demonstrates the lifestyles of Chinese families in ancient society (Frankel 248). The poem presents the challenges and ways of life that members of the Chinese families, especially in rural areas, encounter in their lives while trying to remain loyal to the relevant authorities such as parents, relatives, or leaders. Fundamentally, conflicts are ideological differences among individuals, whereas virtues are those values that a given society upholds and believes to be very vital in defining societal morality. Societies and families are bound to disagree on various issues and ideas. The main cause of the disagreements or conflicts is usually due to the different perspectives, which people hold and believe to be moral. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to examine how the poem “A Peacock Southeast Flew” establishes the conflicting loyalties that exist in families and societies. Relation of Parent and Child According to the poem, the society has some form of organization that creates commitment and responsibilities for each member of the family or society. The poem elaborated this issue when a woman in the poem stated when she was on her teen ages of 13 to 17 years; she already knew how to weave, play the harp, behave well, and follow the etiquette (Frankel 253). Therefore, the poem exhibits some form of order, loyalty, and hard work in the relationship between parents and children. Moreover, the poem presents the existence of different views and perspectives that parents believe are right and that their c
Executive Summary Fundamentally, this paper seeks to do an in-depth critique of Nokia 808 Pure View Smartphone, which was just released into the market recently. In doing so, central focus will be on giving an evaluative analysis of a marketing strategy that can be adopted by Nokia in marketing the 808 Pure View Smartphone such that it not only accrues profits for the company but it also manages to edge-off the strong competition from other phones in the market—including those from Nokia as well as from other competing companies like Samsung and Apple. In 2010, Nokia had the largest market share in the world. To support this, Abry, (2011a) reports a market share of 36.3% by Nokia in 2010 followed by Samsung at 25.3, Apple iPhone at 16.6% and Blackberry at 15.4%. However, over the recent time, Nokia has been facing a downward spiral in its profits and it global dominance has been replaced by Samsung. Reports by Abry (2011a), which were based on tabulations at the end of the year, indicate that Samsung’s market share increased by more than double to 52.5% while Nokia’s market share reduced by more than half to 16.9%. These statistics, combined with the dismal performance of Nokia’s phones when compared to the likes of Samsung Galaxy S2, indicate that there is something direly wrong that needs to be corrected by Nokia. It is with all these in mind that the marketing plan below is proposed for the newly released Nokia Pure View 808 Smartphone. Organizational Background Nokia is a global communication company that has been operations for over 100 years, having been founded in 1865. In essence, Nokia mainly deals with these sales of mobile phones, electronic devices and many other electronic services such as the internet, games and other applications. In spite of witnessing huge challenges in 2011, reports from various quarters indicate that Nokia is the 14 best global brands as of 20011. This, essentially, underlines the factor that Nokia is a large company and just like it has been in the past, the company will find a way of sailing through the usual deep murky waters of phone sales. The diagram below gives a brief glimpse of the nature of operations at Nokia and its outlets. An interim report released by Nokia in January 2012 shows a sharp drop by the company when compared to the previous year. This, probably, is the reason the company decided to venture into the diversification o