ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Technological evolution has led to the development of electronic sources that are about to replace hardcopy books. The discovery of tablets and e-readers has completely changed the way people read (Mayer 34). The use of reading devices such as iPads and computers has increasingly become very popular among readers and there are no signs of this changing in the near future. Authors and publishers have been forced to adapt to the new development in order to guarantee their survival in the industry. The development of electronic sources such e-books, blogs, websites and e-journals provides readers with a very rich reading experience because of the interactive nature these kind of sources (Mayer 34). Technology has transformed reading from just being a passive experience into a very interactive experience where the reader can watch and listen to content apart from reading. Technology has enhanced content by offering a variety of electronic sources (Nord 74). Electronic magazines and books have enhanced content compared to print sources. Technological advancement has a significant impact on reading practices and habits. Many publishers have changed from the traditional printing of hardcopy books to the more efficient and stylish electronic formats such as e-books, e-journals and other digital publications (Nord 74). Technology has made it possible for book buyers to buy any book they want online without visiting a bookstore. This is a clear indication that many people are willing to embrace the use of technology when it comes to buying and reading books (Nord 74). The fact that the most popular titles are found in their e-book format means that many readers will have to shift from the traditional hard copy format to the e-book format (Nord 112). Although print books still control almost 80 percent of the book market, the number of e-book sales keeps on growing every year. This is a clear indication that many readers are embracing the use of technology in reading. Students claim that it is more convenient to use e-books while travelling compared to traditional books because they can easily access content from their digital devices such as laptops, mobile phones and iPads without moving around with large volumes of books (Nord 112). E-readers allow the multi-tasking and converging of technology which enable the user to access a variety of applications that make the reading process very interactive (Nord 128). The introduction of digital reading has led to an increase in the number of readers because e-books and other online publications are cheap and more accessible (Liu 64). The development of technological devices such as
As each generation changes it creates a unique identity. With the changes in generational identity, the family life also changes. The main culprit of this change is the value system. An analysis of the past 3-4 Canadian generations demonstrate that each generation regards values differently. Statistics demonstrate that the percentage of the single-parent families has considerably increased, and the proportion of legal marriages has declined. In addition, the percentage of the common law marriages is on the rise. The statistics further indicate that divorce cases and instances of remarriage have considerably increased. This survey demonstrates that the Canadian family set up has shifted from the traditional type of family. With the 20 th century, the emphasize place on marriage shifted with people prioritizing education and financial security. The cultural heritage of Canada required people to establish independent households. Since this necessitated large financial investments, young men worked for longer years in order to have enough savings before marriage. Thus, the average age at first marriage rose for both the men and women. In the 19 th century, farming was the main source of livelihood (Bradbury, 214). During this era, families lived on farms and couples considered it advantageous to have large families. Children engaged in daily chores and provided a source of farm labor. Considering the various religious doctrines that considerably influenced the society, and the lack of effective measures regarding birth control, the average number of children was significantly large at an average of 6.6 children per household in 1851. In the late 19 th century, families started shifting to cities due to the numerous economic opportunities created by industrialization (Milan, 3). Due to the numerous cases of child engaging in long working hours in unsafe conditions, and after making other considerations, the government implemented the child labor laws and a law demanding a mandatory school-attendance until the age of 16 years. These changes initiated the decline in the family size in Canada. In this regard, by 1921, the average family size had declined to 3.5 children per household (Milan, 3). The existing restrictive laws that only granted divorce with the proof of adultery, significantly mitigated divorce cases. In the late 19 th century, the family set up was rigid with the instances of lone parents, childless couples, and couples living under the comm
The name Hispanic has been branded with more traditional viewpoints, and the term Latino has been linked with more liberal politics. This is partly because Hispanic is an English word meaning “belonging to ancient Spain.” The U.S. census bureau has determined to settle on one term, Hispanic. The Hispanic population represents the largest minority group in the United States. The 45.5 million Hispanics in the United States in 2007 include 15.1% of the entire population. California (13.2 million) has the largest Hispanic population of any state, followed by Texas (8.6 million) and Florida (3.8 million). It is guessed that Hispanics will represent 30% of the U.S. population by 2050 (Martin 30). Nearly two-thirds (64%) of the U.S’s Hispanics are of Mexican ancestry. Another 9% are of Puerto Rican social heritage, with 3.4% Cuban, 3.1% Salvadoran, and 2.8% Dominican. The rest are of Central American and South American origin. More than three-fourths of Hispanics reside in the West or South. The Hispanic populace is more different than it was in the past. U.S. Hispanics of Mexican ancestry – the largest Hispanic group- has been increasing considerably. Another fast increasing group, in percentage terms, is the group of “other” Hispanics. Many of those who select “Other Spanish/ Hispanic / Latino” on the U.S. survey form are immigrants from the Central or South America. “Other” Hispanics also comprise an increasing number of people with multinational backgrounds who do not recognize with a particular country or region of origin. Hispanics are not a very well understood part of the population. First, no one knows precisely how many Hispanics have crossed the boundary from Mexico as illegal immigrants. Second, many Americans of Hispanic ancestry do not classify themselves as Hispanic on survey forms and are not counted as such. People born in Latin America can be spotted all across the United States, but most live in only a few areas. The difference is the place of birth. For example, 75% of U.S. residents born in the Caribbean live either in the New York or the Miami metro areas. More than half of those born in Mexico live in the Los Angeles area or in Florida or Texas. Interestingly, while the immeasurable majority of Hispanics come from rural areas, 90% settle in America’s industrial cities and surrounding suburbs. Living together in closely united communities, they share a common language and customs. However, distinction in the number of racial discrimination Latinos experience depends on the socioeconomic position of immigrant parents and their ethnic form. Also, those whose parents migrated as high-skilled immigrants do not experience as much discrimination, while those Latinos with darker complexion go through more racial inequity than those who look whiter (white Hispanics experience less favoritism and black Hispanics experience the most) (Martin 57). Hispanic Americans are to a less extent, generally included in conventional American culture, but because a great number of them are ethnically white, the tribal difficulties to exogamy with whites are less (Mar
Introduction The luster economic growth experienced in east Asian countries has continued to provide important lessons for other developing countries. Indeed, poor nations have been requested to embark on copying the route undertaken by the so called Asian Tigers. In this consideration, concurrent sections of this paper will embark on illustrating the development model that used by the Asian countries to move their populations from subsistence living to entrepreneurship that has resulted to for Middle Eastern economies to follow the Asian example. Specifically, the paper will illustrate measures that governments in the Middle East will have to provide in the process of creating conducive entrepreneurial environment. Though the Asian countries are credited with creating some of the most competitive economic environments, they are consistently criticized for employing policies that led to financial crisis in late 1990s. Middle Eastern economies will in this regard be advised to avoid some policies used by the Asian tigers. All these goals will be addressed through five concurrent sections (productivity, trade policy, intervention capital employment, and economic freedom). Productivity The Asian tigers embarked on a vigorous process of employing labor, their most abundant (Friedman, 2005, p. 125). This led to drastic decrease in unemployment levels as companies provided job opportunities to the masses. Other individuals who had small operations were also able to employed their colleagues. This was especially the case with family owned businesses that provided family members with the much needed employment opportunities. This resulted to the development of self dependence that formed strong foundation for productivity. The huge supply of youths in the region resulted lower hiring prices. The end result was therefore improved competitiveness compared to other countries. Companies were therefore flocking into the Asian countries to establish operations. Other than the higher number of workforce, the countries were providing competitive labor laws that gave companies more flexibility in running their activities. This freedom was important in developing and implementing strategies that would have brought out the best in employees. For instance, companies were free to compete in the market for labor, meaning that players had to treat employees with great respect or else loose them to competitors. On the other hand, employees understood that employers had unlimited potential employees, meaning that poor conduct or lower productivity would have resulted to getting replaced. This resulted to gradual improvement of work being done by members of respective labor force, and the provision of competitive working environment by individual employers (Hass, 2005, p. 104).
Michael Lewis tells the story of his being a part of a huge corporation in the golden times of Wall Street. People often see this account as a kind of textbook for those who want to enter the world of Wall Street. At the same time, the book is a good source for analysis of ethical issues that were unveiled in the 1980 and, actually, still persist in the business world. Thus, financial innovation is one of the most important aspects in the financial business as it is associated with development. It is possible to consider the way ethics of financial innovation can be traced in the book to find some reasons for the financial crises that took place later and to be able to avoid the same issues in the future. Admittedly, people are expected to behave ethically in all aspects of their life but when it comes to money lots of individuals forget about ethics. One of examples of a financial operation, which is associated with high risks and is often closely connected with unethical behavior, is leverage. Lewis compares leverage with gambling, the work in his department with a casino and clients with “crowds” which “would overwhelm a casino in which everyone who plays wins big” (201). This comparison makes it clear that the author gives a negative evaluation of such operations in such quantity. People stop thinking about risks and morality when they feel they can ‘win big’. Such companies as Salomon Brothers took advantage of this quality of people’s character. Apart from leverage, the author also provides a number of cases of unethical behavior related to fiduciary obligations. The very beginning of the author’s career in the company is a conspicuous illustration of improper fiduciary relationship. Thus, the author did not check the information he provided to his client, a German businessman, who totally trusted him. As a result, this client was “sacrificed for the greater good of Salomon” (Lewis 207). Admittedly, this was an unethical conduct. In the financial market, customers often expect to get reliable information and trust their financial consultants. Lewis shows that such companies as Salomon Brothers as well as numerous other companies in the 1980s (or even now) often betray their customers’ trust as they focus on their own profits. The instance with the German gentleman is also an example of the way acceptable risk is viewed in Salomon Brothers. Lewis stresses that financial companies in the 1980s used to “make their money by taking large risks” (42). It is also noteworthy that the author stresses that companies are ready to lose but they are more afraid of “solitude” as they would lose with others rather than be the only company to lose. Clearly, this is hardly ethical to strive for losses in other companies and take large risks undermining the wellbeing of their customers and the entire society. The instances mentioned in the book and evaluated by the author can help to identify obligations of people working in the financial market. In the first place, these workers have to adhere to deontological values. They should try their best to give proper adv
Abstract This paper outlines the aspects of appraisal of nursing evidence. The paper uses a systematic review to outline these aspects. To effectively address the systematic review, the review has been structured into introduction, objective, research criteria and evaluation, methods of data collection, and the discussion of the findings. The main aim of this systematic review is to determine whether restraints are suitable for use on aggressive patients with dementia who are admitted to nursing homes. The systematic review on dementia and the restraints to be used will be addressed in PICO format, which will assist in determining the suitability of restraints in such situations. Introduction PICO components are useful in almost every clinical situation. PICO makes the practices that “involve evidence-based medicine” more efficient. The process of evidence-based medicine together with PICO involves a simple criterion. This paper describes the main components of PICO for a possible clinical condition of dementia and the best remedy for aggressive patients with dementia. PICO For patients with dementia in nursing homes at increase
Introduction This analysis concerns an article by Jill Middlemas that discusses the concept of imago Dei and the seeming contradiction between different parts of the Jewish Bible as to its existence and form. It centers on Gen 1, 26-27, where God states, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness.” This passage would seem to imply that His form is fundamentally similar to that of humanity, at least in appearance. However, prophetic literature rejects any conceptualization of God, whether physical or mental, calling it idolatry and providing numerous anecdotes of how it was rejected. Middlemas argues that the imago Dei exists, regardless, and is fundamentally similar in form to a human body, but it is impossible to replicate for anyone but God, and, therefore, attempts to do so are forbidden. The purpose of this analysis is to critically evaluate the arguments provided by the author and determine whether they appear sound. The Form of God The Genesis passage is not the only source in the Jewish Bible that likens God’s form to that of a man, which Middlemas uses to support her argument. Notably, Ezekiel 1:26-28 states that “high above on the throne was a figure like that of a man. […] This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord” in the New International Version. The version presented in the King James Version is similar, though it makes a greater effort to emphasize that everything in the vision is a likeness rather than a specific object. With that said, Middlemas (2016) argues that the form of God is not fixed in a likeness of a man, rejecting both the gendered aspect and the overall humanlike presentation (332). Her argument hinges on the interpretation of the original Hebrew, which disagrees with the two translations presented above. In the New International Version of Ezekiel 1:26-28, the description of God is modified by the following lines: “I saw that from what appeared to be his waist up he looked like glowing metal, as if full of fire, and that from there down he looked like fire; and brilliant light surrounded him. Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day, so was the radiance around him.” The King James Version is similar in its description of God as a manlike entity whose body looks like fire and which is surrounded by rainbow-like light. However, Middlemas (2016) argues with both translations, claiming that the original Hebrew instead means that a human, fire, and a rainbow are three separate forms to which the imago Dei may be metaphorically likened (332-333). With regard to God’s gender, Middlemas emphasizes the repeated assertions that God is not human, the creation of both Adam and Eve in His likeness, and the overall aniconic nature of the Jewish Bible. Per Middlemas (2016), the Priestly Writer and Isaiah both present God with both male and female comparisons because to restrict Him to a gender would be to constrain His form, which woul
The United States of America considers illegal immigration as one of the national issues that need immediate concern. In his article, ‘‘Kidding Ourselves about Immigration’’, Michael Kinsley argues that the immigration process is not as easy as it was some 50 years ago (Kinsley 12). This is because the American government is very strict on offering immigration permits to foreigners. The author believes that the Americans should clarify the meaning of their opposition towards illegal immigration. Most American politicians argue that they support immigration but oppose illegal immigration. The point of concern is whether the law is right or not. According to Michael, in contrast to the political perspective, Americans are not actually bothered by the legitimacy of the immigration but the immigration itself (Kinsley 12). If the concern is about illegal immigration and not legal migration, then legal immigration should be increased or even doubled. The republicans perceived the issue of immigration as cultural, while the Democratic-led opposition believed that the issue was predominantly economical. Immigrants renew the national identity of the Americans but do not destroy it. Critics of the registration process in the United States are of the opinion that if a large number of immigrants are invited into the country and assume permanent citizenship, the process will steer a fading of social cohesion. They argue that this may lead to the immigrants being more intertwined into the United States fabric. If United States can offer opportunities for the rising mobility of immigrants, it can strengthen what the nation requires for its identity. They worry that the newcomers may destroy their identity as Americans (Kinsley 12). In his article, ‘The next Americans’, Tomas argues that some eugenicists felt that Southern Europe Immigrants who were dark-skinned would infect the gene pool of the Americans. The concern was also politically motivated, as there was worry that the population power of the immigrants would grant the Pope the guts to seek leadership in the country, as most of the immigrants were Catholics. They were worried that immigrant anarchists would destroy the American democracy. This did not occur as the pope does not have any authority over the American political affairs and the American gene pool is still good. This clearly indicates that the immigrants of the European origin as well as their descendants effectively incorporated into a monolith of an American society. There is substantial evidence that the immigrants are playing an important role in significantly redefi
People that have experienced drug addiction give multiple reasons why they have decided to try narcotic drugs even being aware of the danger. Sometimes the drug addiction is seen from the “black and white” perspective of the common sense, which is created by the people that have never used drugs. The user perspective is very important, as it allows understanding the real reasons why people should avoid such experiences. The first reason why people become involved in drug addiction is the desire to be a part of a group, to share experiences with other significant people. For example, one girl explains that she started to use heroin because her boyfriend did it (Goode, 2015). Thus, most people get involved in drug addiction by their friends. Another reason why people use drugs is the sense of “competition.” Young people can be proud due to getting multiple experiences that other members of the group have not got yet. Using drugs, especially in a chaotic way, gives the young people a sense of daring and fighting with the system. The third reason to start using drugs is the contrast between the bland “straight” world, especially that of parents, to an exciting world of drugs. The user describes this experience as “being alive, free, and different” (Goode, 2015, p. 340). In general, using drugs makes many users feel unique and special. Some users report that they practice drug microdosing to become more mindful, and concentrated and to achieve success, as other people in their community do. Sometimes, people use drugs for spiritual reasons, trying to “find themselves”. For example, they compare psychedelics with “ten years of therapy in a single session” (The Times, 2018). They report being told that this is an overwhelming experience of being “unself-conscious”. Thus, spiritual reasons and the desire to experience another state of mind are one of the reasons for taking drugs for the first time. Thus, there are several significant reasons for starting using drugs. They include the desire to be successful and brave within a group of friends, the striving for some extreme experience, and spiritual causes. Drug addiction results from the protest against the norms of the “bland” parent world. Young peopl